Court Opinion

ID: 4659756
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-02-11 21:00:31.360442+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:02.082256
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        FEB 11 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

VANNAK HEM,                                      No.   18-71721

                Petitioner,                      Agency No. A095-189-227

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
ROBERT M. WILKINSON, Acting
Attorney General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                              Submitted February 9, 2021**
                                 Pasadena, California

Before: BOGGS,*** M. SMITH, and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges.

      Vannak Hem petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’s

(“BIA”) denial of his untimely motion to reopen immigration proceedings.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Danny J. Boggs, United States Circuit Judge for the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation.
Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we do not recite them here. We

have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the petition in part and

dismiss the petition in part.

 1.   Hem contends that the BIA improperly denied his motion to reopen removal

proceedings to seek asylum and protection under the Convention Against Torture

(“CAT”). We review the denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion and

reverse only where the agency’s decision is “arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to

law.” Go v. Holder, 744 F.3d 604, 609 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Perez v. Mukasey,

516 F.3d 770, 773 (9th Cir. 2008)). However, we review purely legal questions

raised by the agency’s decision de novo. Bonilla v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 575, 581 (9th

Cir. 2016).

      The BIA did not abuse its discretion in determining that Hem’s untimely

motion to reopen did not qualify for an exception to the ninety-day time limit set

forth in the regulations. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2) (“Except as provided in

paragraph (c)(3) of this section, a party may file only one motion to reopen

deportation or exclusion proceedings . . . and that motion must be filed no later

than 90 days after the date on which the final administrative decision was rendered

in the proceeding sought to be reopened.”). To seek reopening to apply for asylum

or withholding of removal after the ninety-day deadline, Hem was required to

demonstrate “changed circumstances arising in the country of nationality” based

                                          2
on evidence that was “material and was not available and could not have been

discovered or presented at the previous hearing.” 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii); see

also 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii). Although evidence of changed personal

circumstances may be relevant to a motion to reopen, Hem was ultimately required

to demonstrate that conditions in the country of removal, Cambodia, have changed

in a way that is material to those personal circumstances. See He v. Gonzales, 501

F.3d 1128, 1132 (9th Cir. 2007) (birth of second child to Chinese citizens in the

United States was insufficient to establish changed circumstances “absent

additional evidence of changed circumstances in China following the BIA’s

issuance of the [petitioners’] final order of removal”). As the BIA explained, Hem

did not submit evidence comparing the conditions in Cambodia for members of his

proposed particular social groups—suspected Cambodian Freedom Fighters

(“CFF”) members and people in same-sex marriages—from the time of his initial

removal proceedings in 2006, to conditions when he filed his motion to reopen in

2017. Accordingly, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in determining that Hem

failed to establish changed conditions in Cambodia that would excuse his failure to

timely file his motion to reopen. See id. at 1133.

      Similarly, the BIA properly determined that the “changed circumstances”

requirement in 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii) also applies to Hem’s CAT claims.

Hem argues that imposing such a requirement conflicts with the Foreign Affairs

                                          3
Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998 (“FARRA”) and international obligations

under CAT.1 But in Go v. Holder, we held “that the procedural requirements

specified in 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c) apply to CAT claims” and rejected the argument

“that there cannot be any ‘regulatory limitation’ on motions to reopen under the

CAT.” 744 F.3d 604, 608–09 (9th Cir. 2014); see also Agonafer v. Sessions, 859

F.3d 1198, 1203–04 (9th Cir. 2017) (“The changed country conditions exception

likewise applies to motions to reopen to assert CAT claims.”). Therefore, the BIA

did not abuse its discretion by applying the same “changed country conditions”

requirement to Hem’s CAT claims. Further, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in

declining to follow an unpublished 2011 decision granting CAT relief to another

Cambodian citizen who claimed he was a CFF member because that decision was

“over 7 years old and [did] not establish what the current conditions are in

Cambodia for former CFF members.”

    2.   Hem further contends that the BIA erred in denying his request for sua

sponte reopening to allow him to apply for adjustment of status. See 8 C.F.R.

§ 1003.2(a). But we lack jurisdiction to review the BIA’s denial of sua sponte

reopening, which is a matter of agency discretion, unless the BIA’s decision rests

1
 Even if Hem did not raise this argument before the agency, we may consider it
because “the exhaustion doctrine does not bar review of a question concerning the
validity of an INS regulation because of a conflict with a statute.” Coyt v. Holder,
593 F.3d 902, 905 (9th Cir. 2010) (quoting Espinoza-Gutierrez v. Smith, 94 F.3d
1270, 1273–74 (9th Cir. 1996)).

                                           4
on a legal or constitutional error. Bonilla, 840 F.3d at 588–89. Here, the BIA

made clear that it was exercising its discretion in denying sua sponte reopening

because it determined that Hem’s case failed to present “an exceptional situation

that would warrant the Board’s exercise of its discretion.” Therefore, we dismiss

this portion of Hem’s petition for review.

PETITION DENIED IN PART AND DISMISSED IN PART.

                                         5