Court Opinion

ID: 9892408
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-23 18:11:28.548892+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:05:16.447593
License: Public Domain

J-S38037-23

    NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JAMIL SALTER                               :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 2759 EDA 2022

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered October 22, 2021
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-51-CR-0000939-2016

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PELLEGRINI, J.:                         FILED OCTOBER 23, 2023

       Jamil Salter (Salter) appeals from the judgment of sentence imposed in

the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County (trial court) after the

revocation of his probation.         He maintains that the trial court abused its

discretion where the sentence was manifestly excessive and disproportionate

to the probation violation.1 We affirm.

____________________________________________

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 Salter also claims that the court failed to consider the recently enacted
Resentencing Guidelines, 204 Pa. Code. §§ 307.1-307.4. However, the
Resentencing Guidelines only apply to revocation of probation for offenses
committed on or after January 1, 2020. See 204 Pa. Code § 307.2(b). Here,
Salter committed his underlying offenses in 2016 and 2017. Therefore, the
court was not required to consider the Resentencing Guidelines.

Although he does not make an argument about them, we also note that the
Sentencing Guidelines did not apply. See 204 Pa. Code § 303.1(b).
J-S38037-23

                                               I.

       Salter was charged at docket number 939-2016 with second-degree

robbery, conspiracy to commit robbery, simple assault and recklessly

endangering another person (REAP) for an April 21, 2015 incident in which he

participated.2    At docket numbers 8144-2017, 8153-2017, 8156-2017 and

8159-2017, he was charged with second-degree robbery and conspiracy to

commit robbery for his criminal conduct on September 6, 2017.

       On May 22, 2018, at the above docket numbers, Salter entered a

negotiated guilty plea to one count each of second-degree robbery, conspiracy

to   commit      robbery, simple      assault       and REAP   in exchange   for   the

Commonwealth nolle prossing four of the second degree robbery charges. The

trial court imposed the negotiated sentence of 11½ to 23 months of

incarceration followed by five years of probation.

       Salter committed several technical violations of his probation, including

failing eight drug tests and being discharged from his court-ordered

participation in Forensic Intensive Recovery (FIR) supervision due to non-

compliance, requiring the court to issue several detainers and conduct related

hearings. (See Gagnon II3 Summary, 10/19/21, at 1-2). For example, on

February 25, 2020, the court revoked probation and ordered that a

____________________________________________

2 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3701(a)(1)(iv), 903, 2701(a) and 2705, respectively.

3 Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 93 S.Ct. 1756 (1973).

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presentence investigation report (PSI) and dual diagnosis FIR evaluation be

conducted. (See Revocation Order, 2/25/20). Probation was reinstated and

on October 27, 2020, Salter committed a direct violation of his probation by

getting arrested and charged for his participation in “a period of civil unrest,

rioting [and] looting” inside a closed Rite Aid store. (N.T., 10/22/21, at 14).

       On October 22, 2021, Salter entered a negotiated guilty plea to defiant

trespass at docket number 8688-2021.4            The trial court imposed the

negotiated sentence of 12 months of probation on the new conviction. The

court then immediately proceeded to a VOP hearing at the five second-degree

robbery dockets.

       At the commencement of consideration of the probation violations,

Salter’s counsel expressly declined a PSI or mental health evaluation. (See

N.T., 10/22/21, at 16-17). He conceded that his client failed to comply with

the trial court’s probation “rules and regulations” by not attending drug

treatment and FIR supervision and by failing several drug tests. (Id. at 18).

He also acknowledged that the court “had given [Salter] a break of giving him

a lenient sentence on several very serious cases,” and that the new conviction

was a direct probation violation. (Id.). When given his right of allocution,

Salter apologized to the trial court and requested that it again impose

probation. (See id. at 21).

____________________________________________

4 18 Pa.C.S. § 3503(b)(1)(ii).

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       Thereafter, the trial court5 stated that in imposing the VOP sentence, it

considered Salter’s prior record score, offense gravity score and sentencing

range. (See id. at 21). It also considered Salter’s “history and character,”

by which it meant Salter’s lengthy supervision history with the court in which

he was non-compliant, resulting in the court issuing several detainers and its

warning that if Salter continued to be uncooperative, it would impose a state

sentence. (Id. at 21); (see id. at 22). It explained that although it had

agreed to the lenient negotiated sentence for the five felony robbery charges,

Salter is no longer a candidate for probation on them. The court revoked

probation and imposed an aggregate sentence of not less than four nor more

than eight years of incarceration, plus two years’ probation.6 (See id. at 22-

24).

       Salter filed a post-sentence motion challenging his VOP sentence that

the court denied on November 3, 2021. After counsel failed to file an appeal

on Salter’s behalf, Salter was granted the right to file an appeal nunc pro tunc

____________________________________________

5 The same jurist, the Honorable Mia Roberts Perez, presided over all relevant

proceedings in this matter.

6 Specifically, the court imposed sentences of three to six years on each of the

five felony robbery counts, plus one to two years on each of the five conspiracy
counts. The robbery and conspiracy sentences were to run consecutive to
each other, but the dockets were to be served concurrently. The court also
imposed two years of reporting probation and no further penalty on the simple
assault or REAP. (See N.T., at 22-24).

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and he timely did so, also filing a timely court-ordered statement of errors

complained of on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).

      Salter raises one issue for our review in which he asserts that “the trial

court err[ed] by imposing a sentence that is manifestly excessive and

unreasonable” where the court did not carefully consider the sentencing

factors and the sentence is disproportionate to the probation violations.

(Salter’s Brief, at 4).

                                      II.

                                      A.

      “[C]hallenges to the discretionary aspects of sentencing do not entitle

an appellant to review as of right.” Commonwealth v. Derry, 150 A.3d 987,

991 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citation omitted). Rather, before reaching the merits

of such claims, we must determine:

      (1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see
      Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly
      preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify
      sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. [708]; (3) whether appellant’s brief
      [complies with] Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a
      substantial question that the sentence appealed from is not
      appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.[ ] § 9781(b).

Commonwealth v. McLaine, 150 A.3d 70, 76 (Pa. Super. 2016), appeal

denied, 168 A.3d 1267 (Pa. 2017) (citation omitted).

      Salter timely filed a notice of appeal, preserved his claim in a post-

sentence motion and included a concise statement of reasons relied upon for

allowance of appeal in his brief. See id. Additionally, he raises a substantial

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question.    See Commonwealth v. Malovich, 903 A.2d 1247, 1253 (Pa.

Super. 2006) (allegations court did not state reasons, imposed sentence

without considering proper factors, and imposed sentence that was excessive

and disproportionate to probation violation presented substantial question).

Therefore, we will review his claim.7

                                               B.

       Salter argues that the VOP sentence was manifestly excessive and

unreasonable because the court did not give “careful consideration” to the

____________________________________________

7 It is well-settled that:

       Sentencing is a matter vested within the discretion of the trial
       court and will not be disturbed absent a manifest abuse of
       discretion. An abuse of discretion requires the trial court to have
       acted with manifest unreasonableness, or partiality, prejudice,
       bias, or ill-will, or such lack of support so as to be clearly
       erroneous.

Commonwealth v. Schutzues, 54 A.3d 86, 98 (Pa. Super. 2012), appeal
denied, 67 A.3d 796 (Pa. 2013) (citation omitted). “[T]his Court’s scope of
review in an appeal from a revocation sentencing includes discretionary
sentencing challenges.” Commonwealth v. Cartrette, 83 A.3d 1030, 1034
(Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc).

                                           -6-
J-S38037-23

sentencing factors and because it “is excessively disproportionate to the

nature of the probation violation.”8 (Salter’s Brief, at 10) (citations omitted).9

       A VOP court is afforded broad discretion when imposing a sentence

following the revocation of probation and is limited only by the maximum

sentence that it could have imposed originally at the time of the probationary

sentence. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(b); 204 Pa. Code § 303.1(b); Commonwealth

v. Pasture, 107 A.3d 21, 27 (Pa. 2014).          The trial court must follow the

principle “that the sentence imposed should call for confinement that is

consistent with the protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it

relates to the impact on the life of the victim and on the community, and the

rehabilitative needs of the defendant.” Pasture, 107 A.3d at 27 (citations

omitted); see also 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b).

       Although the trial court must consider the sentencing factors contained

in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b), it “need not undertake a lengthy discourse for its

____________________________________________

8 Salter complains that the court did not order and review a PSI or a mental

health or drug evaluation and, therefore, was not aware of his relevant history.
(See Salter’s Brief, at 10). However, Salter expressly waived these reports
and did not preserve any claim based on the trial court not ordering or
reviewing them. (See N.T., at 16-17). Moreover, on February 25, 2020, the
trial court had ordered the preparation of a PSI and a dual diagnosis FIR
evaluation. (See Revocation Order, 2/25/20).

9 Salter does not argue that the trial court lacked the authority to revoke his

probation in the first place. We agree that the trial court properly revoked
Salter’s probation where he was convicted of another crime while on probation
and violated the court’s orders. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(c)(1), (3).

                                           -7-
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reasons for imposing a sentence or specifically reference the statutes in

question.” Pasture, 107 A.3d at 28 (explaining that “stated reasons for a

revocation sentence need not be as elaborate as that which is required at

initial sentencing” because “the trial judge is already fully informed as to the

facts and circumstances of both the crime and the nature of the defendant,

particularly where … the trial judge had the benefit of a PSI.”); see Cartrette,

83 A.3d at 1040-41.

      The trial court was aware of Salter’s history since it presided over all

Salter’s previous proceedings, had ordered a PSI a year prior in 2020, and

was “fully informed as to the facts and circumstances of both the crime[s] and

[Salter’s] nature,” putting it “in the best position to evaluate [his] character

and his defiance or indifference.” Pasture, 107 A.3d at 28; Malovich, 903

A.2d at 1254. The record reflects that the court considered Salter’s sentencing

history, including that he was “given quite a break” at his original sentencing

where he had been charged with five felony robberies and was “completely

noncompliant with any” of the court’s orders while he was on probation,

making another probationary sentence inappropriate.         (N.T., at 25–26).

Further, Salter was on express notice that should he continue to violate the

court’s orders, the court would impose a state sentence. (See id. at 26).

      In imposing Salter’s VOP sentence, the court was limited only by the

maximum sentence that it could have imposed at the time of imposing the

original probationary robbery sentence. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(b); 18 Pa.C.S.

                                     -8-
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§§ 1103(2), 1104(2); Pasture, 107 A.3d at 27.          Because the maximum

sentence for second-degree felony robbery is ten years, the three-to-six-year

sentence imposed on the robbery count was within the maximum sentence

the trial court could have imposed at the time of the original sentencing.10

See 18 Pa.C.S. § 1103(2). Therefore, even though it ultimately did sentence

Salter to a state term of incarceration, as it had warned it would do if Salter

continued to be non-compliant, it was well below the maximum.

       Moreover, we are not persuaded by Salter’s argument that his sentence

was unreasonable because it was excessively disproportionate to the conduct

that constituted the violation. (See Salter’s Brief, at 10). Specifically, he

maintains that the crime of defiant trespass was a non-violent third-degree

misdemeanor that he conducted “in the midst of civil unrest” and only carried

a penalty of 12 months’ probation. (Id.).

       First, Salter’s statement that defiant trespass only carries a penalty of

12 months’ probation is inaccurate. A third-degree misdemeanor carries a

maximum term of one year of imprisonment.          See 18 Pa.C.S. § 1104(3).

Salter negotiated the 12-month probationary term.

       Furthermore, we are not persuaded that his VOP sentence was

excessively disproportionate to his probation violations, as not only did he

commit the direct violations, but it appears from the docket and the hearing

____________________________________________

10 Salter does not dispute the sentence on the conspiracy charge.

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that Salter failed to comply with the terms of his probation and the court’s

orders.   Therefore, the aggregate sentence of four to eight years was not

“excessively disproportionate” to the conduct that constituted his violation.

Salter is due no relief.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Date: 10/23/2023

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