Court Opinion

ID: 2978202
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-22 18:21:17.284755+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:02:13.185612
License: Public Domain

RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                           Pursuant to Sixth Circuit Rule 206
                                  File Name: 09a0260p.06

               UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
                                _________________

                                               X
                                                -
 RICHARD A. GANIM, JR.,
                                                -
                             Plaintiff-Appellant,
                                                -
                                                -
                                                     No. 08-3945
         v.
                                                ,
                                                 >
                                                -
                       Defendant-Appellee. -
 COLUMBIA CASUALTY COMPANY,
                                                -
                                               N
                 Appeal from the United States District Court
                for the Northern District of Ohio at Cleveland.
              No. 07-01497—Patricia A. Gaughan, District Judge.
                                 Argued: June 9, 2009
                           Decided and Filed: July 23, 2009
               Before: MARTIN, RYAN, and SUTTON, Circuit Judges.

                                  _________________

                                      COUNSEL
ARGUED: Michael David Zaverton, WALTER & HAVERFIELD LLP, Cleveland, Ohio,
for Appellant. Andrew L. Margulis, ROPERS, MAJESKI, KOHN & BENTLEY, New
York, New York, for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Mark S. Fusco, Susan Keating Anderson,
WALTER & HAVERFIELD LLP, Cleveland, Ohio, for Appellant. Andrew L. Margulis,
ROPERS, MAJESKI, KOHN & BENTLEY, New York, New York, for Appellee.
                                  _________________

                                       OPINION
                                  _________________

       BOYCE F. MARTIN, JR., Circuit Judge. Richard Ganim contends that Columbia
Casualty Company breached its insurance agreement in bad faith by refusing to defend him
in an arbitration proceeding before the National Association of Securities Dealers. The
district court determined that Columbia properly refused to defend because the allegations
against Ganim did not state a claim potentially within the scope of the policy’s coverage.

                                            1
No. 08-3945           Ganim v. Columbia Casualty Co.                                           Page 2

See Ganim v. Columbia Cas. Co., 2008 WL 2390776 (N.D. Ohio Jun. 9, 2008). We agree
and AFFIRM summary judgment in Columbia’s favor.

                                                  I.

        Richard Ganim began as a Legacy Financial Services registered representative in
January 2004. Nine months later, Vincent Santalucia sued Ganim in Ohio state court after
a business venture between them soured. Santalucia alleged that Ganim breached his
fiduciary duty, committed fraud, professional negligence, disability discrimination, and
wrongful discharge by inducing him to invest more than $500,000 in the “Carlyle Financial
         1
Group.” Santalucia further alleged that Ganim advised Santalucia “in all aspects of his
financial planning, including stock and mutual funds purchases, IRA investments,
retirement planning, etc.”

        Ganim notified Legacy’s insurer, Columbia Casualty Company, of Santalucia’s
lawsuit.     By agreement, Columbia was obligated to defend Legacy’s registered
representatives for negligence in “rendering or failure to render Professional Services.”
Columbia agreed to defend Ganim, but reserved the right to later disclaim defense and
indemnity coverage. It also told Ganim that no coverage would be available for losses
resulting from the Carlyle investments, which were not investments approved by Legacy.
Columbia defended Ganim and the case was dismissed without prejudice in 2005.

        Santalucia then filed an arbitration claim against Ganim and Legacy before the
National Association of Securities Dealers. Santalucia asserted claims for unsuitable
investment advice, misrepresentation, negligence, and breach of fiduciary duty. His
“Statement of Claim” began:               “This arbitration addresses the unsuitable and
inappropriate solicitation of a customer’s retirement savings by his long-term investment
advisor to invest in that investment advisor’s own financial services business with the
resultant loss of the customer’s—the Claimant’s—entire retirement savings; an amount
in excess of $500,000.” (emphasis in original). According to Santalucia, Ganim

        1
          Santalucia apparently knew all along that his investment was not in The Carlyle Group—a well-
known private equity firm—but, rather, in a similarly-named limited liability company where Ganim
served as president and operations officer.
No. 08-3945        Ganim v. Columbia Casualty Co.                                  Page 3

expressed his “longtime personal dream” to own a “‘one stop’ financial services
business” to Santalucia and then convinced him to “pour money” into the newly-founded
“Carlyle Entities,” depleting Santalucia’s personal investments and leaving him in
financial ruin. Santalucia sought to recover the loss in the value of his investment
accounts as well as the amount that they would have appreciated if they had been
“reasonably and prudently invested.”

       As with the earlier lawsuit, Ganim submitted the arbitration claim to Columbia.
This time, however, Columbia responded by denying defense and indemnity coverage
under Part B of the policy. Coverage under Part B was limited to “investment advisory
services” and the “sale or attempted sale or servicing of securities . . . approved by”
Legacy. Part B excluded claims involving “products or services not approved by
[Legacy]” or “any security that is not registered with the Security [sic] and Exchange
Commission.” Columbia explained that because Santalucia’s interest in Carlyle was
neither a registered security nor a product approved by Legacy, his claim against Ganim
did not trigger Columbia’s duty to defend. Columbia’s denial letter did not discuss
whether defense coverage was available under any other part of the policy.

       Ganim then sued Columbia in district court alleging that the insurer: (1) breached
its contract by refusing to provide Ganim with an arbitration defense; (2) acted in bad
faith by withholding a defense without a reasonable justification; (3) breached its “good
faith obligation” by refusing to defend Ganim in the arbitration claim after it had
represented him in a “substantially similar” civil adjudicatory proceeding in state court;
and (4) breached its good faith obligation by providing coverage to Legacy Financial
Services under the “Selling Away Coverage” endorsement instead of under an
endorsement with a lower retention. The district court granted Columbia’s motion for
summary judgment on all Ganim’s claims. Ganim appeals.

                                           II.

       This Court reviews de novo the grant of summary judgment. Mohnkern v. Prof’l
Ins. Co., 542 F.3d 157, 160-61 (6th Cir. 2008).
No. 08-3945        Ganim v. Columbia Casualty Co.                                 Page 4

                                          III.

       Ganim argues that he presented sufficient evidence to warrant a jury trial on his
claim that Columbia breached, in bad faith, its contractual duty to defend him in the
arbitration proceeding. The crux of this argument is that Columbia impermissibly
looked beyond the allegations in Santalucia’s arbitration claim in deciding whether it
was obligated to defend Ganim. Ganim contends that, based on Santalucia’s allegations,
the claim could have potentially fallen within the scope of coverage, thus obligating
Columbia to provide Ganim’s defense.

       Under Ohio law, which the parties agree applies, an insurer’s promise to defend
allegations that are “groundless, false or fraudulent” imposes “the absolute duty to
assume the defense of the action where the underlying tort complaint states a claim
which is potentially or arguably within the policy coverage.” Sanderson v. Ohio Edison
Co., 635 N.E.2d 19, 23 (Ohio 1994); Willoughby Hills v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 459 N.E.2d
555, 558 (Ohio 1984). And the inverse is also true; Ohio law “does not require a defense
where the complaint contains no allegation that states a claim ‘potentially or arguably
within the policy coverage.’” Wedge Prods., Inc. v. Hartford Equity Sales Co., 509
N.E.2d 74, 76 (Ohio 1987) (internal citation omitted).

       Requiring insurers to defend claims that are “potentially” within a policy’s
coverage acknowledges that, under notice pleading, a complaint may lack detail
necessary to “conclusively establish the duty.” Willoughby Hills, 459 N.E.2d at 557.
Relevant facts and details may come to light “at some later stage in the litigation.” Id.
Thus, an insurer’s obligation to defend against claims “potentially” within the scope of
coverage prevents an insurer from strictly or narrowly construing a complaint’s
allegations and refusing to defend. See id. at 558.

       In this case, under Part B of Columbia’s policy, coverage was limited to
investments that were approved by Legacy and were SEC registered securities. The
question is whether Santalucia’s allegations stated a claim “potentially” or “arguably”
within Columbia’s policy. The district court properly concluded that they did not.
Columbia was not confronted with bare allegations that some later-discovered fact might
No. 08-3945        Ganim v. Columbia Casualty Co.                                 Page 5

have swept within the scope of coverage. Rather, Santalucia’s detailed and specific
allegations described how Ganim solicited him to invest in Ganim’s “own financial
services business [Carlyle]” and that “[r]elying upon Ganim’s advice, encouragement
and pressure, Santalucia continued to pour money into the Carlyle Entities even after his
original assets had been depleted.”       The arbitration claim mentioned no other
investments. And, as the district court observed, Ganim admitted in his motion to
dismiss that, “All of the losses for which Santalucia is seeking recovery stem from these
supposedly recommended investments that he made in the Carlyle Entities during that
time period.” There was no potential that a later development could have changed the
nature of the investment at issue.

       Of course, as Ganim points out, it would be nonsense for Columbia’s obligations
to evaporate solely because Santalucia did not specify whether Carlyle was a registered
security or approved by Legacy. After all, Carlyle’s registration with the SEC or
approval by Legacy may have been irrelevant to the claims Santalucia brought against
Ganim. But Columbia’s decision to deny coverage did not turn on a mechanical word
search of Santalucia’s claim for “approved by Legacy” or “securities.” As Ganim
concedes, at the time Santalucia filed his arbitration claim both Columbia and Ganim
knew that the only investment mentioned in the claim—Carlyle—was neither a
registered security nor a Legacy-approved product. Accordingly, it was specifically
excluded from coverage under the policy and could not “potentially” fall within it.

       Nor are we convinced that Columbia should have defended Ganim because
Santalucia stated that his claim was based on Ganim’s failure to “make only
recommendations which are suitable for a customer based on his/her age, experience,
risk tolerance and financial objectives.” This statement was not tied to a factual basis;
it described a cause of action appearing under the heading “Respondents’ Liability to
Claimant: Unsuitable Investment Advice, Misrepresentation, Negligence and Breach of
Fiduciary Duty.” Assuming that Ganim’s actions amounted to a breach of a fiduciary
duty does not change the conclusion that the claim was not covered because it involved
an investment excluded by the policy. Columbia therefore properly refused to defend
No. 08-3945         Ganim v. Columbia Casualty Co.                                   Page 6

Ganim based on the allegations in Santalucia’s claim because they were not “potentially
or arguably” within the scope of its coverage. See Wedge Prods., Inc., 509 N.E.2d at 76.

        Ganim also argues that Columbia denied his claim in bad faith. An insurer acts
in bad faith when its denial of a claim “is not predicated upon circumstances that furnish
reasonable justification therefor.” Zoppo v. Homestead Ins. Co., 644 N.E.2d 397, 400
(Ohio 1994) (internal citation omitted). Ganim argues that there was no “reasonable
justification” for Columbia’s decision. But, as we discuss above, Columbia and Ganim
knew that Carlyle did not meet the criteria for coverage under Part B of the policy. As
the district court properly observed, “[Ganim’s] contention that [Columbia’s] knowledge
in this respect shows that it went beyond the pleadings puts an unreasonable spin on
what is required in reviewing a claim.” Ganim, 2008 WL 2390776 at *9.

        Finally, Ganim’s objections to the length of Columbia’s February 2006 denial
letter and its failure to analyze coverage under Part A do not support a bad faith claim.
The length of the letter is immaterial. And Ganim does not explain how he would have
benefitted from a rejection under Part A, which covered services as a notary, the sale and
administration of employee benefit plans, insurance, and annuities—none of which
Santalucia alleged in his claim.

                                            IV.

        In sum, Columbia had a reasonable justification to deny Ganim a defense because
Santalucia’s claim did not allege any facts that could potentially bring it within the scope
of coverage. The district court properly entered summary judgment in Columbia
Casualty Company’s favor. We AFFIRM.