Court Opinion

ID: 804755
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2012-07-19 23:09:31+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:00:13.469343
License: Public Domain

Case: 11-41362     Document: 00511926869         Page: 1     Date Filed: 07/19/2012

           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                    Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                            July 19, 2012
                                     No. 11-41362
                                   Summary Calendar                        Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                Clerk

STEVEN PEREZ,

                                                  Plaintiff-Appellant

v.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; NUECES COUNTY, TEXAS; CORPUS
CHRISTI POLICE DEPARTMENT; JUDGE SANDRA WATTS; JUDGE
JANICE JACK; JUSTICE HENRY SANTANA; JUDGE J. MANUEL BANALES;
ET AL,

                                                  Defendants-Appellees

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Southern District of Texas
                              USDC No. 2:10-CV-246

Before KING, CLEMENT, and HIGGINBOTHAM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
        Steven Perez, Texas prisoner # 1514617, appeals the dismissal of his civil
rights action against various state and federal defendants, including the United
States of America, Judge Janis Jack, Nueces County, the Corpus Christi Police
Department, Judge Sandra Watts, Judge Manuel Banales, Justice of the Peace
Henry Santana, Detective Ralph Lee, the Chief of the Corpus Christi Police

       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
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                                  No. 11-41362

Department during 2007 and 2008, the Sheriff of Nueces County during 2007
and 2008, Gale Gleimer, Jennifer Dorsey, Patsy Perez, Douglas Mann, Sylvia
Jasso, Tiffany Garza, Sara Rivera, Olivia Aguilar, Roger Perez, Carlos Valdez,
Mark Skurka, Chief Justice Rogelio Valdez, J.J. Garcia, Justice Rose Vela,
Justice Nelda Rodriguez, Justice Dori Contreras Garza, Harley Lappin,
Prosecutor Norman, Warden Monroe, and Rick Thaler. In his brief, Perez fails
to include any discussion, either by name or title, of Santana, Jasso, Valdez,
Vela, Rodriguez, Garza, Lappin, Monroe, and Thaler.           He has, therefore,
abandoned any challenge to the dismissal of his claims against these defendants.
See Yohey v. Collins, 985 F.2d 222, 224-25 (5th Cir. 1993).
      As to the United States, the district court dismissed Perez’s claims
pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction based on the ground that the United States had not waived
sovereign immunity. This court reviews such dismissals de novo. Meyers ex rel.
Benzing v. Texas, 410 F.3d 236, 240 (5th Cir. 2005).
      ‘“[T]he United States is a sovereign, and, as such, is immune from suit
unless it has expressly waived such immunity and consented to be sued.”’ Smith
v. Booth, 823 F.2d 94, 96 (5th Cir. 1987) (citation omitted). The burden of
establishing a waiver of sovereign immunity rests with the party attempting to
sue the United States. See Taylor-Callahan-Coleman Counties Dist. Adult Prob.
Dep’t v. Dole, 948 F.2d 953, 956 (5th Cir. 1991). Perez does not seek relief under
the Federal Tort Claims Act and has not identified any other applicable
provision waiving sovereign immunity. He has not established a waiver.
      As to Judge Jack, the district court dismissed Perez’s claims pursuant to
Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim based on judicial immunity. This court
reviews such dismissals de novo. Amacker v. Renaissance Asset Mgmt. LLC, 657
F.3d 252, 254 (5th Cir. 2011).
      “[J]udicial immunity is an immunity from suit, not just from the ultimate
assessment of damages.” Mireles v. Waco, 502 U.S. 9, 11 (1991). Such immunity

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is not overcome by allegations of bad faith and “applies even when the judge is
accused of acting maliciously and corruptly.” Id. The actions taken by Judge
Jack took place during Perez’s revocation proceedings and thus were judicial in
nature; moreover, Perez has alleged no facts to support a finding that Judge
Jack took any actions outside of her jurisdiction. See id. at 11-12. Although
absolute immunity does not extend to suits for injunctive or declaratory relief,
see Chrissy F. by Medley v. Miss. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 925 F.2d 844, 849 (5th
Cir. 1991), Perez has failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted,
and his claim is frivolous.      28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i), (ii); 28 U.S.C.
§ 1915A(b)(1).
      As to Judge Sandra Watts and the defendant prosecutors, the district
court dismissed Perez’s claims pursuant to § 1915(e)(2)(B)(iii) and § 1915A(b)(2)
based on judicial immunity. Following a de novo review, we find no error in the
district court’s dismissal of Judge Watts, see Mireles, 502 U.S. at 11-12, and the
prosecutors, Esteves v. Brock, 106 F.3d 674, 677 (5th Cir. 1997).
      We next consider Perez’s argument that Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477,
486-87 (1994), should not bar his claim that Detective Ralph Lee seized his
Cadillac without a warrant and never gave it back.            The unauthorized
intentional deprivation of property does not constitute a constitutional violation
as long as the state provides a meaningful post deprivation remedy. Hudson v.
Palmer, 468 U.S. 517, 533 (1984).       The complainant bears the burden of
establishing that the state’s post deprivation remedy is inadequate. Myers v.
Klevenhagen, 97 F.3d 91, 94 (5th Cir. 1996). In Texas, the tort remedy of
conversion is available for a complainant to seek redress for any alleged property
loss. Murphy v. Collins, 26 F.3d 541, 543 (5th Cir. 1994). Perez has not asserted
that he attempted to seek redress in state court or that the state remedy was
inadequate; thus, his claim is unavailing.
      Perez’s allegations that the Nueces County Sheriff and the jail librarian
denied him access to the library and to the courts do not implicate the validity

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of his conviction.   Prisoners have a constitutional right under the First
Amendment to access the courts. Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817, 821 (1977).
This right includes access to a law library or other legal assistance. Id. at 828.
To prevail, a prisoner must demonstrate an actual legal injury stemming from
the defendants’s conduct. See Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 351-52 (1996). Perez
has not made this showing. See id.
      As to the remaining defendants, we conduct a de novo review of the district
court’s dismissals under § 1915(e)(2)(B) and § 1915A(b). Geiger v. Jowers, 404
F.3d 371, 373 (5th Cir. 2005). Because a judgment in Perez’s favor would
necessarily imply the invalidity of his state murder and gun possession
convictions and the judgment in his federal revocation proceeding, his claims are
barred by Heck, 512 U.S. at 486-87, and Stephenson v. Reno, 28 F.3d 26, 27-28
& n.1 (5th Cir. 1994).
      Perez also raises several claims of district court error, which are
unavailing. First, his claim that the district court did not conduct a hearing
pursuant to Spears v. McCotter, 766 F.2d 179, 181-82 (5th Cir. 1985), fails. A
district court is not required to hold a Spears hearing prior to dismissing a
prisoner’s civil rights action; moreover, not “all or even most prisoner claims
require or deserve a Spears hearing.” Green v. McKaskle, 788 F.2d 1116, 1120
(5th Cir. 1986); Eason v. Thaler, 14 F.3d 8, 9 n.5 (5th Cir. 1994). Based on our
review of the record, including Perez’s initial complaint and his subsequent
filings, we find no error in the district court’s decision to proceed without a
Spears hearing.
      Perez’s claims that the district court dismissed his civil rights action
without first issuing service of process, conducting discovery, and waiting for a
decision in his federal habeas proceeding are likewise unavailing.            See
§ 1915(e)(2); § 1915A; Heck, 512 U.S. at 489-90; In re Jacobs, 213 F.3d 289, 290
(5th Cir. 2000). His argument that the district court improperly decided an issue
of fact by concluding that his indictment was a true bill rather than a fraud also

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                                  No. 11-41362

fails. This claim implicates the validity of his convictions. Because there is no
evidence that Perez’s convictions have been overturned, expunged, or otherwise
invalidated, any claim that his indictment was obtained by fraud is barred by
Heck, 512 U.S. at 486-87. Accordingly, the district court did not make an
improper fact determination.
      Perez has also shown no error as to his assertions that the district court
failed to address his claims for declaratory and injunctive relief. Even assuming
that Perez did, in fact, request declaratory and injunctive relief in the district
court, the requests briefed in this court are either fatally vague or relate to his
state murder conviction.     Because there is no evidence that Perez’s state
convictions and revocation judgment have been invalidated, he has not shown
that he was entitled to the injunctive and declaratory relief he sought.
      Finally, Perez argues that “most, if not all, of the defendants in this
lawsuit have bootstrapped the state court’s jurisdiction over him to include
jurisdiction over his federal conviction on drug charges.” His briefing is vague,
and he has failed to provide adequate citation to the record. By failing to provide
adequate briefing, he has abandoned this issue. See Yohey, 985 F.2d at 224-25;
FED. R. APP. P. 28(a)(9).
      AFFIRMED.

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