Court Opinion

ID: 9830313
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-09-01 20:05:49.082136+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:43:18.790365
License: Public Domain

HICKMAN, C. J.
Appellant sued appellees upon a verified account. One of the defenses pleaded was accord and satisfaction. The case was submitted to the jury on special issues, which issues and the answers thereto were as follows:
“Special Issue No. 1: On October 14th, 1926, was there a controversy existing between the parties to this suit over the claim sued upon? Answer yes or no. Answer: ‘Yes.’
“Special Issue No. 2: Was such controversy, if any, urged in good faith by the defendants? Answer yes or no. Answer: ‘Yes.’
“Special Issue No. 3: On October 14th, 1926, when the defendants delivered a check of $254.71, was it agreed between the parties that this would be in full satisfaction of all claims and controversies, if any, theretofore existing between the parties? Answer yes or no. Answer: ‘No.’
“Special Issue No. 5, requested by plaintiff: Did any one representing the plaintiff in the delivery and cashing of the check for $254.71 know that same was marked as a payment in full of said account? Answer yes or no. Answer : ‘Yes.’ ”
Judgment was rendered by the court on these findings in favor of appellees, defendants below, .and this appeal followed.
One contention urged here is that the findings do not support the judgment in this: In answer to special issue No. 3 the jury found that it was not agreed between the parties at the time the check was delivered that same would be in full satisfaction of all claims and controversies existing between them. Since accord and satisfaction must rest upon a contract, it is earnestly insisted that judgment should have been for appellant upon this finding of the jury. Had the trial court not given appellant’s requested special issue No. 5, this contention might have been sustained; but under the answer of the jury to this special requested issue we think special issue No. 3 becomes immaterial. The substance of the findings of the jury is that there was a controversy between the parties over the claim sued upon; that such controversy wias urged in good faith by the ap-pellees ; that appellees delivered to appellant a check for the amount claimed by appellees to be due appellant, on which check was im clorsed that same was given as a payment in full of said account; that at the time said check was cashed by appellant it knew that same was so indorsed, but did not agree to accept same in full satisfaction of its claim. The rule is well established that, when a bona fide dispute exists between the parties as to the amount due and the debtor sends his check to the creditor upon condition that it be accepted in full payment of such disputed claim, there is but one of two courses open to the creditor, either to decline the offer and return the cheek, or to accept the check with its attached condition. When the creditor indorses and collects the check, knowing that it was tendered only upon condition, he thereby agrees to the condition as a matter of law. The fact that he may, at the same time, notify the debtor that he is not accepting the check with the condition, but is accepting same as a payment only, cannot alter the legal effect of his act in cashing and appropriating .the check. Stetson-Preston Co. v. Dodson (Tex. Civ. App.) 103 S. W. 685; Hunt v. Ogden, 58 Tex. Civ. App. 443, 125 S. W. 386; Daugherty v. Herndon, 27 Tex. Civ. App. 175, 65 S. W. 891; Buford v. Inge Construction Co. (Tex. Civ. App.) 279 S. W. 513; Simms Oil Co. v. American Refining Co. (Tex. Com. App.) 288 S. W. 163; 1 R. C. L. pp. 196, 197, § 32; 3 Williston on Contracts, § 1854, pp. 3175-3178.
It is well settled that a trial court is not authorized to disregard the findings of the jury and enter judgment non obstante veredicto. This rule obtains where the findings are upon material issues, but has no application to a case in which a court submits immaterial issues. A judgment of a trial court contrary to a finding by the jury upon an immaterial issue, which should never have been submitted, may be upheld. Magnolia Petroleum Co. v. Connellee (Tex. Com. App.) 11 S.W.(2d) 158.
Another question urged by appellant is that there was no evidence to support the findings of the jury in answer to special ⅛ sues 1 and 2 to the effect that a bona fide dispute existed between the parties as to the amount due by appellees to appellant. The facts disclose that there was no dispute between the parties as to the correctness of the items of appellant’s verified account. On the -trial of the cause appellees claimed the right to open and conclude in the introduction of evidence and argument on the faith of their admission that appellant’s claim was just, except in so far as same might be defeated, in whole or in part, by the matters pleaded by them in their answer. The dispute was regarding the claim which appel-lees asserted against appellant as an offset. This claim was for services in cleaning out a well prior to the time appellant became incorporated. The services m cleaning out the *318well were performed at the request of the president of the appellant corporation. Later, appellant was incorporated and the account sued upon by it accrued after its incorporation. The contention is made that, there being no showing that appellant was liable for the obligations incurred by its president prior to the time of its' incorporation, appellees could not claim accord and satisfaction based upon their unfounded assertion of liability of appellant for the personal obligations of its president. The evidence offered by appellant would support the contention that the only dispute between the parties was with regard to the legal liability of appellant for the obligations of its president, but the evidence of appellees would support a different conclusion. Appellee Root testified that there was no dispute as to any matter except the amount of their offset. This testimony would support the conclusion of the jury that the amount of appellees’ claim against appellant was in dispute, and therefore the amount which appellees owed appellant was likewise in dispute, as the uncertainty of the amount of any offset renders uncertain the amount owing on a claim. The only consideration necessary for the support of an accord and satisfaction is a bona fide dispute between the parties, which dispute may be either about the facts or about the law. In 1 O. J. p. 355, § 76, it is stated that it is immaterial whether the dispute arose oyer a question of fact or of law. This rule has had frequent application ■ in the decisions of our courts. •The test applied is whether the one who is sought to be held liable urges a defense which he believes to be valid, and not whether such defense is, as a matter of fact or law, a valid one. A contrary rule would render of no effect the defense of accord and satisfaction. If the defendant had to prove that his claim of offset was one legally enforceable against the plaintiff, then the question would be not one of accord and satisfaction at all, but one of payment or cross-action. Numerous authorities in this state could be cited, but the ' following are deemed sufficient: Franklin Ins. Co. v. Villeneuve, 25 Tex. Civ. App. 356, 60 S. W. 1014; Laughman v. Sun Pipe Line Co., 52 Tex. Civ. App. 485, 114 S. W. 451; Simms Oil Co. v. American Refining Co. (Tex. Com. App.) 288 S. W. 163.
We believe that the findings of the jury are supported by the evidence, and that such findings support the judgment of the trial court.
It is, therefore, our order that the judgment be affirmed.