Court Opinion

ID: 4350424
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-12-13 21:01:39.829918+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:36:27.076041
License: Public Domain

FILED
                             NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                              DEC 13 2018
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                             FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

CESAR ARTURO BELTRAN-TREJO,                      No.   15-72862

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A205-065-038

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
MATTHEW G. WHITAKER, Acting
Attorney General,

              Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                            Submitted November 16, 2018**
                                Pasadena, California

Before: W. FLETCHER and PAEZ, Circuit Judges, and GLEASON,*** District
Judge.

      Petitioner Cesar Beltran-Trejo petitions for review of the Board of

Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing his appeal from an Immigration

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
              The Honorable Sharon L. Gleason, United States District Judge for
the District of Alaska, sitting by designation.
Judge’s (“IJ”) decision to deny his 1) motion to withdraw prior admissions, 2)

motion to suppress and terminate proceedings, 3) motion to cross-examine on the

contents of the Government’s Form I-213, and 4) motion for a continuance. We

have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and we deny the petition.

      Beltran-Trejo was arrested on October 25, 2012. Biometric data collected in

the course of his arrest linked him to a prior immigration file showing that Beltran-

Trejo was a native and citizen of Mexico. Beltran-Trejo alleges the arrest was

without probable cause and therefore in violation of the Fourth Amendment. The

Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) sent him a Notice to Appear and began

removal proceedings.

      Beltran-Trejo’s prior attorney made four factual admissions and conceded

removability before seeking prosecutorial discretion. Beltran-Trejo’s subsequent

attorney sought to withdraw those admissions on the ground that his prior attorney

had not seen the Government’s Form I-213—which contains Border Patrol’s

narrative of Beltran-Trejo’s arrest and the grounds for his removability—at the

time she made the admissions and that, if she had, she would have realized Beltran-

Trejo had been arrested in violation of the Fourth Amendment. The BIA affirmed

the IJ’s denial of the motion to withdraw the admissions.

                                          2
      An individual in immigration proceedings is bound by his attorney’s

admissions, unless there are “egregious circumstances.” Santiago-Rodriguez v.

Holder, 657 F.3d 820, 830 (9th Cir. 2011) (citing Matter of Velasquez, 19 I. & N.

Dec. 377, 382 (BIA 1986)). “Egregious circumstances” fall into three categories:

1) if the admission would produce an “unjust result,” such as where it was

“inadvertent” or its “propriety . . . has been undercut by an intervening change in

law;” 2) if the petitioner can show the admission was “untrue or incorrect;” or 3) if

the admission was “the result of unreasonable professional judgment.” Id. at

831–32. Only the third exception plausibly applies here.

      The third exception is analyzed as a Fifth Amendment ineffective assistance

of counsel claim, which requires the petitioner to show both deficient performance

and prejudice. See id. at 834–35. Beltran-Trejo argues it was deficient

performance to make the admissions without pursuing a motion to suppress the

Form I-213 as the fruit of an unlawful arrest. However, his prior attorney “could

have reasonably decided to concede [Beltran-Trejo’s] alienage and seek affirmative

relief for [her] client rather than pursue a motion to suppress.” Torres-Chavez v.

Holder, 567 F.3d 1096, 1102 (9th Cir. 2009).

      Even assuming a Fourth Amendment violation occurred and the

exclusionary rule applied, a successful motion to suppress would not have

                                          3
prevented the Government from proving removability. The Government’s initial

burden in removal proceedings is only to prove identity and alienage. 8 C.F.R. §

1240.8(c). Neither Beltran-Trejo’s identity nor his alienage is suppressible as fruit

of an illegal arrest. The identity of an individual in immigration proceedings is

never suppressible, even if it came to be known through an egregious constitutional

violation. See United States v. Del Toro Gudino, 376 F.3d 997, 1001 (9th Cir.

2004). In addition, the contents of Beltran-Trejo’s immigration file, including his

alienage, are not suppressible. “[T]here is no sanction to be applied when an

illegal arrest only leads to discovery of the man’s identity and that merely leads to

the official file or other independent evidence. The file can be used so far as

relevant.” Hoonsilapa v. INS, 575 F.2d 735, 738 (9th Cir. 1978) amended by 586

F.2d 755 (9th Cir. 1978). Because even a successful motion to suppress would

have yielded little practical benefit to Beltran-Trejo’s overall immigration

proceeding, it was not unreasonable for his prior attorney to forgo a motion to

suppress in favor of seeking prosecutorial discretion.

      Because Beltran-Trejo has failed to show deficient performance, the third

Santiago-Rodriguez exception does not apply. We agree with the BIA that there

are no “egregious circumstances” here warranting withdrawal of prior admissions

and Beltran-Trejo remains bound by the prior concession of removability.

                                           4
      As a result, the BIA did not err in concluding that Beltran-Trejo’s motion to

suppress the Form I-213 or, in the alternative, to cross-examine on its contents,

was moot. If an individual in removal proceedings “admits his or her removability

under the charges and the immigration judge is satisfied that no issues of law or

fact remain, the immigration judge may determine that removability as charged has

been established.” 8 C.F.R. § 1240.10(c). The IJ properly relied on Beltran-

Trejo’s factual admissions and concession of removability to sustain the charge

and did not enter the Form I-213 into evidence.

      Finally, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in denying Beltran-Trejo’s

motion for a continuance. See Cui v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 1289, 1292 (9th Cir.

2008) (“[T]he decision to grant or deny continuances is in the sound discretion of

the [immigration] judge”). Beltran-Trejo sought a continuance to allow U.S.

Citizenship and Immigration Services to adjudicate a Form I-130 affirming he is

the spouse of a U.S. citizen. This form is the first step in obtaining an immigrant

visa and legal permanent resident status. As part of this process, Beltran-Trejo

intended to apply for a Form I-601A “provisional unlawful presence waiver.”

However, an individual cannot submit a Form I-601A while removal proceedings

are pending and must first ask the IJ or BIA to administratively close his

immigration case. See 8 C.F.R § 212.7(e)(4)(iii).

                                          5
      The Attorney General’s recent decision in In re Castro-Tum renders Beltran-

Trejo’s request for a continuance—with the goal of later seeking administrative

closure—futile. 27 I. & N. Dec. 271 (A.G. 2018). The Attorney General held that

“immigration judges and the Board may only administratively close a case where a

previous regulation or a previous judicially approved settlement expressly

authorizes such an action.” Id. at 271. Further, “[r]egulations that apply only to

DHS do not provide authorization for an immigration judge or the Board to

administratively close or terminate an immigration proceeding.” Id. at 277, n.3.

The Attorney General specifically identified DHS’s “provisional unlawful presence

waiver” regulation as an example of a “regulation discussing administrative closure

that has no corollary in Department of Justice regulations.” Id.

      PETITION DENIED.

                                          6