Court Opinion

ID: 4017964
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-21 17:10:54.456466+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:09:47.946198
License: Public Domain

J-S51019-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                       PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

PETER L. ABNER

                            Appellant                No. 1322 EDA 2015

            Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence February 9, 2015
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0003542-2012

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                             FILED JULY 21, 2016

        Peter L. Abner appeals from the judgment of sentence entered in the

Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County on February 9, 2015,

following his conviction for two counts of robbery,1 one count of aggravated

assault,2 two counts of conspiracy,3 one count of burglary,4 one count of

criminal trespass,5 two counts of theft by unlawful taking,6 two counts of

____________________________________________

*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3701(a)(1)(ii).
2
    18 Pa.C.S. § 2702(a).
3
    18 Pa.C.S. § 903(c).
4
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3502(a).
5
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3503(a)(1)(ii).
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receiving stolen property,7 two counts of unlawful restraint,8 one count of

possessing an instrument of crime,9 two counts of terroristic threats,10 two

counts of simple assault,11 two counts of recklessly endangering another

person,12 two counts of false imprisonment,13 and violations of the Uniform

Firearms Act.14

        The trial court summarized the facts of this matter as follows:

           On November 12, 2010, at approximately 12:30 P.M.,
           Temple University students Akhil Kalebu (“Kalebu”) and
           Adnan     Mookhtiar    (“Mookhtiar”)     (collectively    “the
           complainants”) were in their apartment at 1912 West
           Berks Street in Philadelphia. Kalebu heard a knock on the
           apartment door. Mookhtiar was sleeping in his bedroom.
           Kalebu opened the door and saw [Abner] and another
           male, neither of whom he recognized. One of the men was
           pointing a silver revolver at Kalebu’s face.         Although
           Kalebu identified [Abner] at trial as one of the two men at
                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)
6
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3921(a).
7
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3925(a).
8
    18 Pa.C.S. § 2902(a)(1).
9
    18 Pa.C.S. § 907(a).
10
     18 Pa.C.S. § 2706(a)(1).
11
     18 Pa.C.S. § 2701(a).
12
     18 Pa.C.S. § 2705.
13
     18 Pa.C.S. § 2903(a).
14
     18 Pa.C.S. § 6105; 18 Pa.C.S. § 6106.

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       his door, he could not recall whether [Abner] was the male
       pointing the revolver at him.

       The men forced their way into the apartment and began
       demanding money. They then walked into Mookhtiar’s
       bedroom and woke him up. When Mookhtiar challenged
       the men’s presence in the apartment, [Abner’s] co-
       conspirator (the taller of the two men) struck Mookhtiar on
       top of the head with the firearm. The force was great
       enough to draw blood. The complainants were ordered to
       get down on the floor. [Abner’s] co-conspirator kept the
       firearm pointed at the complainants while [Abner]
       searched the apartment.         At one point, [Abner] took
       control of the firearm. [Abner] and the co-conspirator put
       the complainants’ personal belongings (including a laptop,
       an Xbox, cell phones, an audio mixer, watches, and a
       wallet) in a bag and fled the apartment.

       The complainants called the police, who arrived at the
       apartment within fifteen minutes. After taking an initial
       description of the suspects, police officers drove the
       complainants through the neighborhood to see if they
       could make an identification. The complainants did not see
       anyone they could identify. They were taken to Central
       Detectives Division where they each gave a statement and
       described the assailants in more detail. Kalebu described
       the male with the firearm as an African-American male,
       with a brown complexion and short facial hair, mostly on
       his chin, short-cut black hair, approximately 25 years old,
       6’2’’ tall, 145 to 150 lbs, and wearing a green hoodie and
       blue jeans. Kalebu described the second assailant as an
       African-American male with a similar complexion, short
       cut, black hair, approximately 6’2’’ tall, “lanky build,” and
       wearing a white or light grey Polo hoodie with blue jeans.
       Mookhtiar described the male with the gun as 22 to 25
       years old, approximately 6’ tall, skinny, medium
       complexion, with a beard but no mustache. He described
       the other male as shorter with a lighter complexion, and a
       beard and mustache. According to Mookhtiar, the shorter
       male was [Abner].

       Approximately one month later, on or about December 17,
       2010, Mookhtiar reported to Central Detectives that he had
       received a threatening call from a restricted number
       relating to the November 12, 2010 robbery. Detective

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         James Waring was able to trace the restricted number and
         subscribed information to a residence at 1810 North Gratz
         Street in Philadelphia. Based on that information, he
         applied for and obtained a search warrant for the
         premises. Upon executing the search warrant, Detective
         Waring and his partner recovered the complainants’ audio
         mixer and several pieces of identification belonging to
         Mookhtiar. The detectives also recovered numerous live
         .357 caliber and 9-mm rounds. Detective Waring testified
         that the .357 caliber rounds would fit a revolver.

         Detective Waring created four separate photo arrays using
         photographs of the three men who were at the Gratz
         Street residence at the time the warrant was executed. He
         also used a photograph of [Abner], who he learned had
         previously used that address. On December 20, 2010,
         Kalebu identified [Abner] as one of the assailants. Based
         on this identification, [Abner] was arrested. A background
         check disclosed that [Abner] did not have a permit to carry
         a firearm.

         Kalebu and Mookhtiar attended a lineup on December 8,
         2011, almost one year after Kalebu identified [Abner] as
         one of the assailants. The lineup had been canceled and
         rescheduled on numerous occasions because [Abner’s]
         appearance was inconsistent with his appearance at the
         time of his arrest. Specifically, [Abner’s] hairstyle was
         different and his facial hair was much fuller. On December
         8, [Abner’s] hair and facial hair remained strikingly
         different from his arrest photograph. The Assistant District
         Attorney and defense attorney, however, decided to move
         forward with the lineup. Neither complainant was able to
         identify [Abner] in the lineup. Both, however, identified
         him at trial.

Trial Court Opinion, 12/24/15, at 2-5 (citations omitted).

      On May 20, 2014, following a non-jury trial, Abner was convicted of

the above-mentioned offences. On February 9, 2015, the court imposed an

aggregate sentence of five to twelve years of incarceration, followed by four

years of probation. Counsel filed a motion for modification of sentence on

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February 19, 2015, which the court denied without a hearing on April 20,

2015. Abner filed a timely notice of appeal on May 5, 2015, followed by a

timely concise statement of errors complained of an appeal pursuant to

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) on August 5, 2015.15

       On appeal to this court, Abner raises the following issues for our

review:

          1) Whether the weight of the evidence was against
          identifying [Abner] as one of the perpetrators of the crime?

          2) Whether the identification was sufficient to sustain
          [Abner’s] conviction?

          3) Whether the trial court failed to take [Abner’s] mental
          health, addiction, and minor criminal history into account?

Brief for Appellant, at 5.

       In Abner’s first issue, he raises a weight of the evidence claim.           In

reviewing a weight of the evidence claim our standard of review is whether

the    trial   court    abused     its    discretion   in   reaching   its   decision.

Commonwealth v. West, 937 A.2d 516, 521 (Pa. Super 2007) (citing

Commonwealth v. Cousar, 928 A.2d 1025, 1036 (Pa. 2007)). However,

before we can reach the merits of the question, we must determine whether

the issue was preserved for appeal. Commonwealth v. Mikell, 968 A.2d

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15
  The trial court ordered Abner to file a Rule 1925(b) statement within 21
days of May 12, 2015. Abner did not comply. However, after Abner filed a
successful petition in this Court to remand the matter, he filed a timely nunc
pro tunc Rule 1925(b) statement.

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779, 780 (Pa. Super. 2009).    Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 607,

provides as follows:

      (A) A claim that the verdict was against the weight of the
      evidence shall be raised with the trial judge in a motion for a
      new trial:

            (1) orally, on the record, at any time before sentencing;

            (2) by written motion at any time before sentencing; or

            (3) in a post-sentence motion.

Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(A). A post-sentence motion challenging the weight of the

evidence “will preserve no issue for appellate review unless the motion goes

on to specify in what respect the evidence was insufficient, or why the

verdict was against the weight of the evidence.”         Commonwealth v.

Holmes, 461 A.2d 1268, 1270 (Pa. Super. 1983) (emphasis in original).

      Here, Abner filed a timely post-sentence motion challenging the weight

of the evidence. However, the motion included only a boilerplate reference

to the weight of the evidence and did not specify how the verdict was

contrary to the weight of the evidence.         Moreover, Abner’s 1925(b)

statement also completely lacks specificity regarding his weight claim. See

Commonwealth v. Seibert, 799 A.2d 54, 62 (Pa. Super. 2002) (vague

weight claim in Rule 1925(b) statement waives claim). Thus, this issue is

waived. Id.; Holmes, supra.

      Abner next challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. In considering

such claims,

      we must determine whether the evidence admitted at trial, and
      all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, when viewed in the

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       light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner,
       support the conviction beyond a reasonable doubt. . . . Where
       there is sufficient evidence to enable the trier of fact to find
       every element of the crime has been established beyond a
       reasonable doubt, the sufficiency of the evidence claim must fail.
       Of course, the evidence established at trial need not preclude
       every possibility of innocence and the fact-finder is free to
       believe all, part or none of the evidence presented.

Commonwealth v. Watley, 81 A.3d 108, 113 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc).

The Commonwealth can satisfy its                 burden via wholly circumstantial

evidence. Id.

       Instantly, Abner claims that the evidence used to prove his identity as

a burglar was insufficient because the victims hesitated during a photo

identification session, and neither of the victims was able to identify him as a

perpetrator during a lineup.          This claim is waived because Abner’s Rule

1925(b) statement states only that the evidence was insufficient to support

his convictions.16     See Commonwealth v. Tyack, 128 A.3d 254, 260-61

(Pa. Super. 2015) (appellant’s sufficiency claim waived on appeal where his

Rule 1925(b) statement “simply declared, in a boilerplate fashion, that the

evidence was insufficient to support his conviction”).

       Abner’s last claim on appeal is a challenge to the discretionary aspects

of his sentence. We note that an appellant is not entitled to review of the
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16
   Even if this claim were not waived, it would nevertheless be meritless.
Here, both victims positively identified Abner as their assailant immediately
after his capture. The victims hesitated as to Abner’s identity only during
the lineup where Abner drastically altered his appearance from what it had
been a year earlier when neither victim had any doubts as to his identity as
their perpetrator.

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discretionary aspects of sentencing unless he or she satisfies a four-part

test:

        (1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see
        Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly
        preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify
        sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. [720] ; (3) whether appellant’s brief
        has a fatal defect, Pa. R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a
        substantial question that the sentence appealed from is not
        appropriate under the Sentencing Code.

Commonwealth v. Caldwell, 117 A.3d 763, 768 (Pa. Super. 2015) (en

banc) (quoting Commonwealth v. Allen, 24 A.3d 1058, 1064 (Pa. Super.

2011)).

        Here, Abner filed a timely notice of appeal, and he preserved this issue

in a motion to modify sentence. Abner’s brief includes a statement of the

reasons relied upon regarding the discretionary aspects of his sentence

pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f).        Therefore, we turn to whether Abner

presents a substantial question that his sentence is not appropriate under

the Sentencing Code.

        Whether a substantial question has been raised is evaluated on a case-

by-case basis.    Commonwealth v. Prisk, 13 A.3d 526, 533 (Pa. Super.

2011).    A substantial question will be determined to exist “only when the

appellant advances a colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s actions

were either:     (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing

Code; or (2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the

sentencing process.” Id. In fashioning a sentence, the court “must consider

the factors set out in 42 [Pa.C.S.] § 9721(b), that is, the protection of the

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public, gravity of offense in relation to impact on victim and community, and

rehabilitative needs of the defendant.       And of course, the court must

consider the sentencing guidelines.” Caldwell, supra at 768.

      We note that “[a] court’s exercise of discretion in imposing a sentence

concurrently or consecutively does not ordinarily raise a substantial

question.” Id. at 769 (citing Commonwealth v. Mastromarino, 2 A.3d
581, 587 (Pa. Super. 2010)).        However, a “critical distinction [exists]

between a bald excessiveness claim based on imposition of consecutive

sentences and an argument that articulates reasons why consecutive

sentences in a particular case are unreasonable.”         Commonwealth v.

Dodge, 77 A.3d 1263, 1270 (Pa. Super. 2013).           Indeed, the latter case

“may raise a substantial question.” Id. (emphasis in original).

      Here, Abner asserts that the imposition of consecutive sentences

combined with the sentencing court’s failure to consider his rehabilitative

needs raises a substantial question.      We have held that a challenge to

“consecutive sentences as unduly excessive, together with [a] claim that the

court failed to consider [the] rehabilitative needs” of the appellant presents a

substantial question.   Caldwell, supra at 770.       Thus, we conclude that

Abner raises a substantial question and we will proceed to review the merits

of his claim.

      When a challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentencing raises a

substantial question, we apply the following standard of review:

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     Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
     sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal
     absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse
     of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment.
     Rather, the appellant must establish, by reference to the record
     that the sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law,
     exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias
     or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.

Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Raven, 97 A.3d 1244, 1253 (Pa. Super.

2014)).

     We note that where the sentencing court has reviewed a presentence

report, the court is considered to have appropriately weighed the requisite

sentencing factors.   Commonwealth v. Naranjo, 53 A.3d 66, 72 (Pa.

Super. 2012).    The sentencing guidelines “are merely one factor among

many that the court must consider in imposing a sentence” and are “purely

advisory in nature.” Commonwealth v. Yuhasz, 923 A.2d 1111, 1118 (Pa.

2007). Indeed, we “cannot disturb a sentence that exceeds the sentencing

guideline recommendations unless it is unreasonable.” Naranjo, supra at

73, citing 42 Pa C.S. § 9781(c). In fact, “a sentencing court must examine

the circumstances of the crime and the individual background of the

defendant.”     Commonwealth v. Johnson, 481 A.2d 1212, 1214 (Pa.

Super. 1984).     Furthermore, an appellant is “not entitled to a volume

discount for numerous and serious crimes.” Caldwell, supra at 772.

     Abner asserts that the sentencing court ignored his rehabilitative

needs.    The court, however, took several factors into account: “the

defendant’s presentence investigation and the argument from counsel

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[including arguments as to public safety and the effects of the offenses on

the victims and community], the Commonwealth’s sentencing memorandum,

the deadly weapon enhancement provision of the guidelines, and the

defendant’s allocution.”   Trial Court Opinion, 12/24/15, at 6.      Moreover,

Abner concedes that the court considered his alleged mental health issues

and drug addiction.   Thus, Abner’s contention that his rehabilitative needs

were not considered is without merit.

      Turning to the length of Abner’s sentence, we note that Abner has a

history of arrests and convictions.       The instant crime resulted in serious

injury and a subsequent threat to the victims, which indicates a continued

trend of violence running through Abner’s criminal history. Thus, the court

did not abuse its discretion in imposing consecutive sentences in light of

Abner’s criminal history and general propensity for violence.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

      GANTMAN, P.J., Joins the memorandum.

      PLATT, J., Concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/21/2016

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