Court Opinion

ID: 1066063
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:22:27.378614+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:26:46.817969
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT KNOXVILLE
                             Assigned on Briefs July 18, 2003

          JEANETTE SUE BROOKS v. CHARLES VIRGIL BROOKS

                       Appeal from the Circuit Court for Sevier County
                        No. 2001-0767-I    Ben W. Hooper, II, Judge

                                     Filed October 31, 2003

                                No. E2002-02458-COA-R3-CV

This is a divorce case. The trial court granted Jeanette Sue Brooks (“Wife”) a divorce from Charles
Virgil Brooks (“Husband”), divided the parties’ marital property and debts, and awarded alimony
to Wife in the amount of $150 per month. Husband appeals the award of alimony and the division
of the parties’ debts. We affirm.

           Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court
                               Affirmed; Case Remanded

CHARLES D. SUSANO , JR., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which HERSCHEL P. FRANKS and
D. MICHAEL SWINEY , JJ., joined.

David B. Hill, Newport, Tennessee, for the appellant, Charles Virgil Brooks.

James W. Greenlee, Sevierville, Tennessee, for the appellee, Jeanette Sue Brooks.

                                           OPINION

                                                I.

       Husband and Wife were originally married in 1971. On July 8, 1993, they were granted a
divorce. Despite this, they continued to live together without interruption and were together when
they remarried on November 12, 1998.

        At the time of their second marriage, Wife worked part-time for a local motel, and Husband
had two jobs, one of which was with the Sevier County School System. Approximately one year
after they remarried, Wife became disabled and was no longer able to work.

      On October 23, 2001, Wife filed for divorce, alleging, inter alia, inappropriate marital
conduct. Husband answered, admitting that grounds for divorce existed. He coupled his answer
with a counterclaim for divorce, premised upon several grounds, including inappropriate marital
conduct.

        The case was heard on May 13, 2002. A final judgment was entered June 4, 2002, dismissing
Husband’s counterclaim and granting Wife a divorce on the grounds of inappropriate marital
conduct. The trial court found that the only marital property of the parties consisted of roughly a
quarter-acre of real property in Sevier County and a 1990 Pontiac automobile. The court then
awarded Wife all “real estate, separate and marital,” as well as the Pontiac and a 1979 Ford truck
“which [Husband] apparently gave to [Wife].” Husband was awarded all remaining personal
property and automobiles; he was directed to pay the debt of the parties. Finally, the trial court
ordered Husband to pay Wife alimony in futuro of $150 per month.

       From this judgment, Husband appeals.

                                                 II.

        Our review of this non-jury case is de novo upon the record with a presumption of correctness
as to the trial court’s factual findings, “unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise.”
Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). The trial court’s conclusions of law are not accorded the same deference.
Brumit v. Brumit, 948 S.W.2d 739, 740 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997).

                                                 III.

       The issue of alimony in this case causes us to focus on Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-
101(d)(1)(E)(i)-(xii) (Supp. 2003), which provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

               (i) The relative earning capacity, obligations, needs, and financial
               resources of each party including income from pension, profit sharing
               or retirement plans and all other sources;

               (ii) The relative education and training of each party, the ability and
               opportunity of each party to secure such education and training, and
               the necessity of a party to secure further education and training to
               improve such party’s earning capacity to a reasonable level;

               (iii) The duration of the marriage;

               (iv) The age and mental condition of each party;

               (v) The physical condition of each party, including, but not limited to,
               physical disability or incapacity due to a chronic debilitating disease;

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               (vi) The extent to which it would be undesirable for a party to seek
               employment outside the home because such party will be custodian
               of a minor child of the marriage;

               (vii) The separate assets of each party, both real and personal,
               tangible and intangible;

               (viii) The provisions made with regard to the marital property as
               defined in § 36-4-121;

               (ix) The standard of living of the parties established during the
               marriage;

               (x) The extent to which each party has made such tangible and
               intangible contributions to the marriage as monetary and homemaker
               contributions, and tangible and intangible contributions by a party to
               the education, training or increased earning power of the other party;

               (xi) The relative fault of the parties in cases where the court, in its
               discretion, deems it appropriate to do so; and

               (xii) Such other factors, including the tax consequences to each party,
               as are necessary to consider the equities between the parties.

                                                 IV.

       Husband first argues that the trial court erred in awarding alimony to Wife “based on the
duration of the parties[’] present marriage and the duration of a previous marriage of the parties.”

        In determining the propriety, nature, and amount of an alimony award, courts are to consider
the statutory factors set forth in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-101(d)(1)(E)(i)-(xii). “[T]here is no
absolute formula for determining the amount of alimony.” Aaron v. Aaron, 909 S.W.2d 408, 410
(Tenn. 1995). The two most important factors in setting the amount of an alimony award are need
and the ability to pay, with need being “the single most important factor.” Id., quoting Cranford v.
Cranford, 772 S.W.2d 48, 50 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1989). Because the amount of alimony to be awarded
is within the trial court’s sound discretion in view of the particular circumstances of the case,
appellate courts will not alter such awards absent an abuse of discretion. Lindsey v. Lindsey, 976
S.W.2d 175, 180 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997).

       In its final judgment, the trial court made the following findings with respect to alimony:

               This is a case for support of [Wife] on a long term basis, because of
               her poor health and disability, the overall duration of the relationship

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                of over 31 years, five of which were while divorced, but they
                continued to live together during this time. The Court has considered
                the relative fault of the parties, because it is felt to be appropriate to
                do so in this case under all the facts and circumstances.

         Husband asserts that the trial court improperly considered the entire length of the parties’
relationship, which, so the argument goes, is in opposition to this Court’s finding in Flanagan v.
Flanagan, 656 S.W.2d 1 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1983). In Flanagan, we held that an award of alimony
is dependent only upon the circumstances of the present marriage, and that previous marriages
cannot be taken into consideration. Id. at 3. However, Flanagan is distinguishable from the case
at bar in that the parties in that case did not continue to live together following their initial divorce.
Indeed, the Flanagans were married a total of three times, and Mrs. Flanagan was married to
someone else in between her second and third marriages to Mr. Flanagan. Id. at 1. By contrast, the
record in the instant case reflects that Husband and Wife lived together both in and out of marriage
continuously for some 31 years. Moreover, the trial court stated that it was considering “the overall
duration of the relationship” of the parties, rather than the periods of their two marriages. (Emphasis
added). This long relationship together is an appropriate factor to be considered in this case in
weighing “the equities between the parties,” as contemplated by Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-
101(d)(1)(E)(xii). We find no error in the trial court’s consideration of the fact that these parties
lived together for some 31 years.

       With respect to the propriety of the alimony award, we are mindful of the two critical factors
– need and ability to pay. See Aaron, 909 S.W.2d at 410. Our review of the record indicates that
Wife earns $309 per month in Social Security benefits, while Husband’s net monthly income is
$1598. As the trial court ordered Husband to pay the monthly mortgage payment of $430 on Wife’s
residence, as well as $150 in alimony, Wife will have the use or benefit of $889 per month. Of that
$889, $459 is spendable income to be used for utilities and household expenses, clothing,
transportation, and her other expenses. Subtracting the $430 mortgage payment and the $150
alimony payment, Husband will have the use of $1018 per month. Based upon Wife’s need and
Husband’s ability to pay, we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion in making this
award.

                                                   V.

        Husband next contends that the trial court erred in assigning to him full responsibility for the
parties’ debt, as some of the debt was separate, rather than marital, debt. We disagree with
Husband’s position on this matter.

        Marital debt is subject to equitable division in the same manner as marital property. See
Cutsinger v. Cutsinger, 917 S.W.2d 238, 243 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1995); Mondelli v. Howard, 780
S.W.2d 769, 773 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1989). “Marital debts are those debts incurred during the marriage
for the joint benefit of the parties, . . . or those directly traceable to the acquisition of marital
property.” Mondelli, 780 S.W.2d at 773 (citations omitted). In dividing marital debts, courts should

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consider the following factors: (1) the debt’s purpose; (2) which party incurred the debt; (3) which
party benefitted from incurring the debt; and (4) which party is best able to repay the debt. Id.

        In the instant case, the trial court ordered Husband to pay all of the parties’ debt. This debt
included a $64 monthly payment to Washington Mutual, a $100 monthly payment on the bankruptcy
payment plan, and the $430 monthly mortgage payment on Wife’s residence, for a total of $594. We
construe Husband’s argument to contend that some of this is separate debt, and as such, he should
not be required to pay it. However, there is absolutely no indication in the record as to which part
of this debt, if any, is indeed separate rather than marital debt.

         With respect to the Washington Mutual debt, the record fails to establish the amount of the
loan, the loan’s outstanding balance, the purpose of the loan, or the date of origination of the loan.
We only know that the monthly payments are $64. Wife testified at trial that the parties filed for
Chapter 13 bankruptcy on November 13, 1998, which was the day after they were remarried. Other
than the amount of the monthly payments, the record contains no other information on this Chapter
13 obligation. As to the mortgage debt, the parties jointly refinanced the mortgage in 1994 “to pay
off bills that had been incurred and to put windows in the residence.” Without more evidence, we
cannot say that the trial court erred in classifying all of this debt as marital debt. The evidence before
us does not preponderate against the trial court’s implicit holding that all of the debt was marital in
nature.

        To the extent that Husband is arguing that the statement of the evidence is deficient, we note
that, as the appellant, it was his responsibility to furnish a statement that would “convey a fair,
accurate and complete account of what transpired with respect to those issues that are the bases of
appeal.” See Tenn. R. App. P. 24(c). If evidence was in fact presented to the trial court reflecting
that some portion of the debt was separate in nature, Husband must take the blame for furnishing a
record that fails to reflect this.

        Turning to the Mondelli factors, the purpose of both the Chapter 13 obligation and the
mortgage debt was to repay other debts and bills of the parties.1 See Mondelli, 780 S.W.2d at 773.
In addition, the mortgage debt was used to make improvements to the parties’ residence. See id.
Both parties incurred the debt and both parties ostensibly benefitted from the debt. See id. Finally,
based upon the disparity in the parties’ income, Husband is clearly in a better position to repay the
debt. See id. The monthly debt payment is $594. Wife’s total monthly income, including alimony,
is $459. Husband receives $1448 per month, after deduction of his $150 alimony payment. As the
trial court found, “Wife has absolutely no way to pay any debts.” Accordingly, we do not find that
the evidence preponderates against the trial court’s holding that it is equitable to require Husband
to be responsible for these debts.

        1
         In his brief, Husband does not take issue with the trial court’s decision to burden him with the W ashington
Mutual debt.

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                                              VI.

        The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. This case is remanded to the trial court for
collection of costs assessed below, pursuant to applicable law. Costs on appeal are taxed to the
appellant, Charles Virgil Brooks.

                                                     _______________________________
                                                     CHARLES D. SUSANO, JR., JUDGE

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