Court Opinion

ID: 2726485
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:04:02.877845+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:39:27.828037
License: Public Domain

Aug 30 2013, 5:19 am

 Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
 this Memorandum Decision shall not be
 regarded as precedent or cited before any
 court except for the purpose of
 establishing the defense of res judicata,
 collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                               ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

GREGORY L. FUMAROLO                                   GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Fort Wayne, Indiana                                   Attorney General of Indiana

                                                      MICHAEL GENE WORDEN
                                                      Deputy Attorney General
                                                      Indianapolis, Indiana

                                IN THE
                      COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

ANTHONY EUGENE WINDER,                                )
                                                      )
       Appellant-Defendant,                           )
                                                      )
                vs.                                   )      No. 02A03-1212-CR-539
                                                      )
STATE OF INDIANA,                                     )
                                                      )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                            )

                       APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT
                          The Honorable John F. Surbeck, Jr., Judge
                               Cause No. 02D05-1109-FA-56

                                           August 30, 2013

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

FRIEDLANDER, Judge
       Anthony Winder appeals his conviction of two counts of Robbery Resulting in Serious

Bodily Injury,1 both as class A felonies, and the finding that he is a habitual offender.2

Winder presents the following restated issues for review:

       1.      Was the evidence sufficient to support Winder’s convictions for
               robbery and attempted robbery?

       2.      Did the convictions for robbery and attempted robbery violate the
               Indiana Constitution’s prohibition against double jeopardy?

       3.      Did the trial court abuse its discretion by allowing the State to add a
               habitual offender allegation more than a month after the omnibus date?

       4.      Did the trial court impose an inappropriate sentence?

       We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand with instructions.

       The facts favorable to the convictions are that Alex Palermo lives on the property that

also is the site of his auto sales business, Palermo Auto Sales. He has a tenant, Tyler

Waldrop, who also lives on the property. On September 11, 2011, Palermo returned home at

approximately 9:15 p.m. and went to bed. Waldrop was watching television at approximately

11:00 p.m. when he heard the sound of a saws-all cutting metal. Waldrop looked out to the

car lot and saw sparks coming out from underneath one of the cars. Waldrop telephoned

Palermo and told him what he heard, and Palermo asked him to call 911. Waldrop did so,

and informed the 911 operator that someone was trying to steal catalytic converters.

Meanwhile, Palermo dressed, armed himself with his 9 mm handgun, and went outside to

investigate the sound.

1 Ind. Code Ann. § 35-42-5-1 (West, Westlaw current with all 2013 legislation).
2 Ind. Code Ann. § 35-50-2-8 (West, Westlaw current with all 2013 legislation).

                                                   2
       Once outside, Palermo saw a small figure standing along a row of cars and walked in

that direction. When he got close enough, Palermo observed a woman holding a flashlight.

The woman was Winder’s twenty-two-year-old daughter, Angela Tate, who was acting as a

lookout for Winder while he cut catalytic converters from vehicles on Palermo’s lot. When

Palermo came close to her, the young woman yelled “Daddy”. Transcript at 158. At that

point, Palermo “felt a thump on [his] left forehead from the side”. Id. Palermo turned and

saw a man, Winder, standing there. Palermo did not know Winder. Palermo tackled Winder

and the two began to struggle. Tate struck Palermo on the back of the head with the saws-all,

knocking him to the ground. As Winder and Palermo struggled, Winder wrested control of

the handgun from Palermo and began punching and smacking Palermo in the head. Palermo

eventually was rendered unconscious. When Palermo regained consciousness, there was

blood everywhere and he was exhausted. He got up and walked towards his house, where he

saw flashing lights and police cars.

       Meanwhile, Winder had collected some of his equipment and, armed with Palermo’s

pistol, ran to a nearby ditch to hide. Officer Donald Kidd of the Fort Wayne Police

Department was the first officer to arrive on the scene. He saw Tate walking across the

street, pointed her out to fellow officer Ben Messick, and asked him to apprehend her

because Officer Kidd heard rustling in some nearby bushes. When Officer Kidd approached

the bushes, he saw movement. He drew his Taser and pointed it at the bushes. He ordered

whoever was in the bushes to come out with his hands up. Winder walked out of the bushes,

but refused the officer’s command to get on the ground. At that point, Officer Kidd took

                                             3
Winder to the ground and handcuffed him. Officer Kidd looked in the bushes from which

Winder had emerged and discovered “a little black and gray tool bag that had a couple of

extra batteries and extra saws-all blades.” Id. at 281. Police could not find the pistol Winder

had taken from Palermo.

       Shortly after the incident, Winder contacted Felicia Tate, who was the mother of two

of Winder’s children, including Angela Tate. Winder told Felicia about his altercation with

Palermo and also told her that he had hidden Palermo’s gun in the bushes near the ditch. He

asked her to retrieve it, but she did not do so. Further investigation at the scene revealed that

several vehicles on the lot were missing catalytic converters. Police also discovered several

catalytic converters that had recently been cut off of vehicles lying in the bed of a pickup

truck parked on the lot.

       The State ultimately charged Winder with robbery as A class a felony, battery as a

class C felony, attempted theft as a class D felony, and attempted robbery as a class A felony.

The State also filed a habitual offender allegation. The robbery charge was based upon the

taking of Palermo’s handgun, whereas the attempted-theft charge was based upon Winder’s

attempt to take the catalytic converters. The State dismissed the battery and attempted theft

charges before trial. Following a jury trial, Winder was convicted of the remaining charges

and found to be a habitual offender.

                                               1.

       Winder contends the evidence was not sufficient to support his convictions for

robbery and attempted robbery. Specifically, Winder contends there is insufficient evidence

                                               4
to prove the “force” element of robbery, i.e., that the physical assault was undertaken with

the intent to take Palermo’s gun. Also, he contends the physical altercation with Palermo

was not undertaken in an attempt to complete the taking of the catalytic converters.

       Our standard of reviewing challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a

criminal conviction is well settled.

       When reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence underlying a
       criminal conviction, we neither reweigh the evidence nor assess the credibility
       of witnesses. The evidence—even if conflicting—and all reasonable inferences
       drawn from it are viewed in a light most favorable to the conviction. “[W]e
       affirm if there is substantial evidence of probative value supporting each
       element of the crime from which a reasonable trier of fact could have found
       the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.” Davis v. State, 813 N.E.2d
1176, 1178 (Ind. 2004). A conviction can be sustained on only the
       uncorroborated testimony of a single witness, even when that witness is the
       victim.

Bailey v. State, 979 N.E.2d 133, 135 (Ind. 2012) (some citations omitted).

       To convict Winder of robbery as charged, the State was required to prove that Winder

knowingly or intentionally took property from the person or presence of Palermo by using or

threatening the use of force, and that Winder’s actions resulted in serious bodily injury to

Palermo. I.C. § 35-42-5-1. In essence, Winder claims that the initial struggle with Palermo

was undertaken in defense of his daughter and not undertaken with the intent to take either

the gun or the catalytic converters from Palermo.

       In Coleman v. State, 653 N.E.2d 481 (Ind. 1995), the defendant entered a grocery

store, went to a video rental counter, and pocketed five rolls of film. As the defendant was

leaving the store, a customer who had observed Coleman’s action alerted store personnel.

One of the store’s manager’s confronted Coleman outside of the store and asked if he had

                                             5
forgotten to pay for anything. Coleman then pulled a knife and threatened the manager,

whereupon the manager retreated back inside the store. Coleman was later arrested, tried,

and convicted of robbery. Upon appeal, Coleman argued that he did not put the store

manager in fear before or during the taking of the property, and that he had completed the

taking before he was confronted outside the store. Accordingly, he argued, the evidence was

not sufficient to prove that he took the film while using force and therefore not sufficient to

sustain a conviction for robbery. Our Supreme Court affirmed the conviction, holding that

the defendant “was only successful in removing the items from the premises and from [the

manager’s] presence by threatening him with the knife.” Id. at 483. In so holding, the

Supreme Court noted “that a ‘taking’ is not fully effectuated if the person in lawful

possession of the property resists before the thief has removed the property from the premises

or from the person’s presence.” Id. at 482.

       In the present case, Winder does not dispute that an altercation occurred between him

and Palermo. But, he contends, his intention in fighting with Palermo was to protect his

daughter. As indicated above, the trial court was not required to believe that claim. There

was evidence that Winder took Palermo’s gun from him during a physical altercation

between the two. The evidence permits a reasonable inference that Winder forcibly wrested

the gun away from Palermo and fled with it, but not before pummeling Palermo to the point

of unconsciousness. Therefore, the evidence was sufficient to sustain the conviction for

robbery based upon the taking of Palermo’s handgun.

       Winder offers a similar argument in challenging his conviction of attempted robbery.

                                              6
That is, he contends “that the physical altercation with Palermo was not done in an attempt to

complete the taking of the catalytic converters.” Appellant’s Brief at 10. This argument

suffers the same fatal flaw as the argument pertaining to the robbery conviction. As

indicated in Coleman, a taking is not fully effectuated until the property in question is

removed from the owner’s premises or presence. Palermo confronted Winder while Winder

was still on Palermo’s property and, indeed, at about the same time Winder was in the

process of cutting off one of the catalytic converters. Any force exerted by Winder against

Palermo in furtherance of this criminal endeavor before Winder effectuated his escape, i.e.,

removed the catalytic converters from Palermo’s property or from Palermo’s presence,

constitutes “force” within the meaning of I.C. § 35-42-5-1. See Coleman v. State, 653
N.E.2d 481; see also Young v. State, 725 N.E.2d 78, 81 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000) (the defendant

took money from the victim and fled, with the victim giving chase; the victim was later

injured when the defendant ran over the victim’s leg with a car while effectuating his escape;

the Supreme Court rejected the argument that the taking was complete when the defendant

exerted force, reasoning that “the snatching of money, exertion of force, and escape were so

closely connected in time…, place…, and continuity…, that… [the] taking of property

includes [the defendant’s] actions in effecting his escape”). The evidence was sufficient to

support both convictions.

                                              2.

       Winder contends that under the “actual evidence test”, the “single larceny rule”, or the

“continuous crime doctrine”, his convictions of both robbery and attempted robbery violate

                                              7
the Indiana Constitution’s prohibition against double jeopardy. A trial court’s legal

conclusions concerning whether convictions violate double jeopardy prohibitions are

reviewed de novo. Sloan v. State, 947 N.E.2d 917 (Ind. 2011).

       We begin with Winder’s claim that his convictions of both robbery and attempted

robbery violate double jeopardy under the single larceny rule. Our Supreme Court has

described the “single larceny rule” as follows: “[W]hen several articles of property are taken

from the same person at the same time, from the same place, there is but a single larceny for

which there may be but one judgment and one sentence.” Johnson v. State, 749 N.E.2d 1103,

1110 (Ind. 2001) (quoting Tingle v. State, 632 N.E.2d 345, 350 (Ind. 1994)). The underlying

rationale is that the taking of several articles at the same time from the same place is

undertaken pursuant to a single intent and design. Accordingly, because only one offense has

been committed, there may be only one judgment and one sentence. J.R. v. State, 982 N.E.2d
1037 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied. Our Supreme Court has indicated that our focus in

reviewing these claims should be upon whether “the offenses to be prosecuted and punished

are the same, and not whether the offenses spring from the same act or operative

circumstances. .... The ultimate focus is on the identity of the offenses, not on the identity of

their source.” Id. at 1039 (quoting Elmore v. State, 269 Ind. 532, 539, 382 N.E.2d 893, 897

(1978), abrogated on other grounds by Richardson v. State, 717 N.E.2d 32 (Ind. 1999)).

       Winder entered onto Palermo’s property with the intent to steal catalytic converters

from automobiles owned by Palermo’s business. The theft of Palermo’s gun resulted from

the physical altercation that ensued after Palermo discovered and confronted Winder in the

                                               8
process of stealing catalytic converters. Winder stole the gun in the process of his escape.

Therefore, it cannot be said that the theft of the gun was a part of Winder’s intent and design

to steal the catalytic converters.

       Moreover, the single larceny rule does not apply where a perpetrator takes property

from two separate people or entities. In McKinley v. State, 272 Ind. 689, 400 N.E.2d 1378

(1980), the defendant entered a pharmacy and ordered the cashier to give him the contents of

the cash register. The defendant then took the wallet and watch of the pharmacy’s owner.

He was subsequently convicted of two counts of robbery, one for taking the store’s money

and one for taking the owner’s personal property. The defendant appealed, arguing that the

two constituted only one robbery under the single larceny doctrine. Our Supreme Court

affirmed the convictions, explaining:

       The Norwaldo Pharmacy is a business establishment. The robbery of that
       business in the case at bar constituted one count of armed robbery. This is not a
       case in which a defendant robbed an individual of various belongings in a
       personal setting. Rather, petitioner robbed a business, an impersonal setting to
       anyone other than a regular customer. When petitioner relieved the store owner
       of his personal wristwatch and wallet, his actions took on a different character.
       ... We do not find that “stripped down to the basic reality” the robbery of the
       pharmacy and Herman Steinkeler “constituted a unitary transaction.”

Id. at 1379 (quoting United States v. Hopkins, 464 F.2d 816, 823 (D.C. Cir. 1972)). The

same rationale applies in the present case. Winder attempted to take property (the catalytic

converters) from Palermo’s business. In addition, he took personal property (the gun) from

Palermo. Those two actions support separate robbery charges.

       Winder contends his convictions of both robbery and attempted robbery violate

Indiana’s double jeopardy prohibition pursuant to the “continuous crime doctrine.” “The

                                              9
continuing crime doctrine essentially provides that actions that are sufficient in themselves to

constitute separate criminal offenses may be so compressed in terms of time, place,

singleness of purpose, and continuity of action as to constitute a single transaction.” Walker

v. State, 932 N.E.2d 733, 735 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010). Winder attempted to take catalytic

converters from Palermo’s business. In furtherance of that endeavor, he crawled under

several vehicles and cut the catalytic converters off of the vehicles and then placed them in

the bed of a pickup truck. He did this primarily while Palermo was absent. On the other

hand, the robbery conviction was based upon Winder’s forcible taking of Palermo’s handgun

from Palermo’s person during the struggle that ensued after Palermo arrived on the scene.

This offense was sufficiently distinct from the first offense so that the continuous crime

doctrine does not prevent conviction of both as separate offenses.

       Finally, Winder contends that his conviction of both attempted robbery and robbery

run afoul of the Indiana Constitution’s double jeopardy prohibition pursuant to the “actual

evidence test.” Double jeopardy claims of this kind that arise under the Indiana Constitution

are evaluated utilizing a two-part test, pursuant to which multiple offenses are the same

offense in violation of article 1, section 14, “if, with respect to either the statutory elements

of the challenged crimes or the actual evidence used to convict, the essential elements of one

challenged offense also establish the essential elements of another challenged offense.”

Richardson v. State, 717 N.E.2d at 49. To prevail under the actual evidence test, Winder

must demonstrate that there is a reasonable possibility that the evidentiary facts used by the

jury to establish the essential elements of one his offenses may also have been used to

                                               10
establish all of the essential elements of the other. See Davis v. State, 770 N.E.2d 319 (Ind.

2002); Spivey v. State, 761 N.E.2d 831, 833 (Ind. 2002) (“the Indiana Double Jeopardy

Clause is not violated when the evidentiary facts establishing the essential elements of one

offense also establish only one or even several, but not all, of the essential elements of a

second offense”) (emphasis supplied). In applying the actual evidence test, we must

“identify the essential elements of each of the challenged crimes and … evaluate the

evidence from the jury’s perspective.” Lee v. State, 892 N.E.2d 1231, 1234 (Ind. 2008)

(quoting Spivey v. State, 761 N.E.2d at 832). The “reasonable possibility” standard “requires

substantially more than a logical possibility” and “turns on a practical assessment of whether

the jury may have latched on to exactly the same facts for both convictions.” Id. at 1236. “In

determining what facts were used to support each conviction, we will consider the evidence,

charging information, final jury instructions, and arguments of counsel.” Cole v. State, 967
N.E.2d 1044, 1050-51 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012).

       The charging information pertaining to Winder’s robbery conviction (Count I) stated,

in relevant part:

       On or about the eleventh day of September, 2011, in the County of Allen and
       in the State of Indiana, said defendant, Anthony Eugene Winder, did
       knowingly or intentionally take property, to wit: a firearm; from the person or
       presence of another person, to wit: Alex Palermo, by using or threatening the
       use of force or by putting said Alex Palermo in fear, said act resulting in
       serious bodily injury to Alex Palermo[.]

Appellant’s Appendix at 15. The charging information for attempted robbery (Count IV)

stated, in relevant part:

       On or about the eleventh day of September, 2011, in the County of Allen and

                                             11
       in the State of Indiana, said defendant, Anthony Eugene Winder, did attempt to
       commit the crime of Robbery, to wit: with intent to take property, to wit:
       catalytic converters, from the person or presence of another person, to wit:
       Alex Palermo, by using or threatening the use of force or by putting said Alex
       Palermo in fear, said Defendant did attempt to remove catalytic converters
       from vehicles and used force to try to complete the taking of property, said
       conduct constituting a substantial step toward the commission of the crime of
       robbery, said act resulting in serious bodily injury to Alex Palermo [.]

Id. at 28. The two charging informations clearly set out separate and distinct acts. Under

Count I, Winder was alleged to have taken a firearm from Palermo’s person. Under Count

IV, Winder was alleged to have attempted to remove catalytic converters from Palermo’s

business’s vehicles. The evidence demonstrated that Winder cut catalytic converters off of

several vehicles and placed them in the bed of a pickup truck. When he was finished or

nearly finished cutting off another one, Palermo appeared on the scene. The two struggled,

with Winder gaining the upper hand and, with Angela Tate’s assistance, rendering Palermo

unconscious. We conclude there is no reasonable possibility that the jury could have “latched

on to exactly the same facts for both convictions.” Lee v. State, 892 N.E.2d at 1236.

Moreover, the two counts involved different victims, as explained above. Conviction of both

did not violate double jeopardy under the Indiana Constitution pursuant to the actual

evidence test.

       Although we have concluded that conviction of both robbery and attempted robbery

does not violate double jeopardy, the State concedes that one of Winder’s convictions must

be reduced from a class A felony to a class C felony. This is because both counts were

impermissibly elevated to class A felony status based upon the same serious bodily injury.

See Carrico v. State, 775 N.E.2d 312, 320 (Ind. 2002) (“[e]nhancement of one offense for the

                                             12
very same harm as another is not permissible”). When this occurs, the remedy is to reduce

one of the offenses to a classification that does not include any element of bodily injury. See

Strong v. State, 870 N.E.2d 442 (Ind. 2007). In the present case, this means that the

attempted robbery conviction must be reduced to a class C felony.

                                                       3.

        Winder’s omnibus date was November 7, 2011. On December 15, 2011, the State

filed its notice of intention to seek a habitual offender enhancement. Winder contends the

trial court abused its discretion by allowing the State to proceed with the habitual offender

allegation because the foregoing notice was filed more than a month after the omnibus date.

Pursuant to the version of Ind. Code Ann. § 35-34-1-5(e) in effect at the time Winder

committed his offenses,3 an amendment to a charging information that includes a habitual

offender enhancement “must be made not later than ten (10) days after the omnibus date.”

That provision also provided, however, that “[u]pon a showing of good cause … the court

may permit the filing of an habitual offender charge at any time before the commencement of

the trial.” Id. Winder contends that because the trial court did not enter a finding of “good

3
 In Fields v. State, 888 N.E.2d 304 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), this court held that the version of I.C. § 35-34-1-5 in
effect at the time the defendant committed the underlying offense applies. I.C. § 35-34-1-5(e) was amended,
effective July 1, 2013, to read as follows:
         An amendment of an indictment or information to include a habitual offender charge
         under IC 35-50-2-8, IC 35-50-2-8.5, or IC 35-50-2-10 must be made at least thirty (30)
         days before the commencement of trial. However, upon a showing of good cause, the
         court may permit the filing of a habitual offender charge at any time before the
         commencement of the trial if the amendment does not prejudice the substantial rights of
         the defendant. If the court permits the filing of a habitual offender charge less than thirty
         (30) days before the commencement of trial, the court shall grant a continuance at the
         request of the:
         (1) state, for good cause shown; or
         (2) defendant, for any reason.

                                                       13
cause”, it erred in permitting the State to amend the charging information and to include the

habitual offender allegation.

       At a December 15, 2011 hearing, the parties discussed the State’s pending notice of

intention to file habitual offender enhancement. At that hearing, Winder argued that the

amendment should not be allowed because the time for filing under I.C. § 35-34-1-5(e) had

passed. The State responded that during the relevant time period, the State and Winder had

engaged in negotiations for a plea agreement. The State extended a plea agreement offer to

Winder in which it agreed not to file a habitual offender count if Winder accepted the offer.

The State informed the attorney representing Winder at the time that it preserved its ability to

file a habitual offender count in the event that the plea negotiations were unsuccessful.

Ultimately, no agreement was reached.

       In Land v. State, 802 N.E.2d 45 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied, this court

determined that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding good cause under I.C. §

35-34-1-5(e) where the State delayed in filing a habitual offender count during the pendency

of plea negotiations in which the State’s offer included not filing a habitual offender count.

The situation in that case is practically indistinguishable from the present case. There, as

here, the State delayed in filing the habitual offender count because that count was “on the

table” during the bargaining process. Moreover, in Land, it appears that the trial court did

not enter a specific finding of good cause. See id. at 53 (“[b]y permitting the State to file the

habitual offender count, the trial court impliedly found good cause”) (emphasis supplied).

Pursuant to Land, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in impliedly finding good cause

                                               14
to permit the filing as a result of the plea negotiations between Winder and the State.

       Lastly, even assuming for the sake of argument that the trial court’s finding was in

error, Winder has failed to demonstrate that he was prejudiced by the late filing of the

habitual offender count. Winder was apprised of the State’s intention to add a habitual

offender count in December 2011. This was approximately ten months before the trial in this

cause. The Land panel found a period of approximately six months sufficient to preclude a

presumption of prejudice. Like the defendant in Land, Winder offers no explanation of how

he was prejudiced by the timing of the habitual offender count, or indeed even make a claim

that he was prejudiced at all. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in permitting the

State to add a habitual offender count more than ten days after the omnibus date.

                                              4.

       We begin our review of Winder’s sentence by noting that the trial court found that the

sentencing factors warranted the imposition of the maximum sentence for each of the class A

felonies of which Winder was originally convicted. Accordingly, we conclude that for his

revised conviction of class C felony robbery, as discussed above, the trial court would impose

the maximum authorized sentence, i.e., eight years, to be served concurrently with the fifty-

year sentence imposed for the robbery conviction. See Strong v. State, 870 N.E.2d 442.

       In addition, the State directs our attention to an error concerning the habitual offender

enhancement. The trial court imposed the maximum sentence of fifty years for each of

Winder’s class A felony convictions (i.e., Counts I and IV) and ordered that those sentences

were to be served concurrently. The court imposed a habitual offender enhancement of thirty

                                              15
years, which it specified enhanced both Counts I and IV. “In the event of simultaneous

multiple felony convictions and a finding of habitual offender status, trial courts must impose

the resulting penalty enhancement upon only one of the convictions and must specify the

conviction to be so enhanced.” Greer v. State, 680 N.E.2d 526, 527 (Ind. 1997). Therefore,

the trial court erred in enhancing both sentences.

       Winder contends we should remand with instructions to resentence. We decline to

remand to the trial court for the purpose of specifying which sentence is to be enhanced,

because we think it clear that the trial court would impose the habitual offender enhancement

on the sentence for the class A felony robbery conviction, rather than on the class C felony

attempted robbery conviction. We will proceed with a review of the appropriateness of

Winder’s sentence with these revisions in mind.

       Winder contends his sentence was inappropriate in light of his character and the

nature of his offense. Article 7, section 4 of the Indiana Constitution grants our Supreme

Court the power to review and revise criminal sentences. Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 7,

the Supreme Court authorized this court to perform the same task. Cardwell v. State, 895
N.E.2d 1219 (Ind. 2008). Per Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B), we may revise a sentence “if,

after due consideration of the trial court’s decision, the Court finds that the sentence is

inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.” Wilkes

v. State, 917 N.E.2d 675, 693 (Ind. 2009), cert. denied, 131 S. Ct. 414 (2010). “[S]entencing

is principally a discretionary function in which the trial court’s judgment should receive

considerable deference.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d at 1223. Winder bears the burden on

                                              16
appeal of persuading us that his sentence is inappropriate. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d
1073 (Ind. 2006).

       The determination of whether we regard a sentence as appropriate “turns on our sense

of the culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime, the damage done to others, and

myriad other factors that come to light in a given case.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d at

1224. Moreover, “[t]he principal role of appellate review should be to attempt to leaven the

outliers, and identify some guiding principles for trial courts and those charged with

improvement of the sentencing statutes, but not to achieve a perceived ‘correct’ result in each

case.” Id. at 1225. Accordingly, “the question under Appellate Rule 7(B) is not whether

another sentence is more appropriate; rather, the question is whether the sentence imposed is

inappropriate.” King v. State, 894 N.E.2d 265, 268 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008) (emphasis in

original).

       In order to assess the appropriateness of a sentence, we first look to the statutory

ranges established for the classification of the relevant offenses. Winder was convicted of

two class A felonies – robbery and attempted robbery. As we have indicated, however, the

attempted robbery conviction must be reduced to a class C felony. The advisory sentence for

a class A felony is thirty years; the maximum sentence is fifty years. The advisory sentence

for a class C felony is four years; the maximum sentence is eight years. In addition, Winder’s

sentence for robbery is enhanced by thirty years based upon his habitual offender status.

Therefore, Winder received an executed sentence totaling eighty years.

       With respect to the nature of the offense, Winder contends that he did not

                                              17
“contemplate that Palermo would interrupt the theft armed with a handgun.” Appellant’s

Appendix at 25. After observing that Palermo “could have held them at gunpoint until the

police arrived”, he contends that Palermo “ran at Winder armed with the weapon”. Id. He

continues that, “it was only after again gaining an advantage over Winder that Winder’s

daughter hit Palermo from behind, inflicting the injuries on Palermo.” Id. at 25-26. Clearly,

Winder seeks to place some of the blame for Palermo’s injuries upon Palermo himself.

Among other things, we observe that this line of reasoning is premised upon crediting

Winder’s version of what happened during the occurrence. That version is at odds with

Palermo’s. The trial court was not required to believe that the events unfolded as Winder

claimed they did. Neither are we. This argument, weak as it is, is entirely unpersuasive in

light of Palermo’s account of the occurrence. The facts are that while on his own property,

Palermo was struck viciously by a heavy, blunt object and suffered serious injuries as a

result, including a depressed skull fracture that has significantly impacted his life to this

point, and will continue to do so in the future.

       Turning now to Winder’s character, Winder’s presentence investigation report reflects

a significant criminal history. Beginning with a juvenile proceeding against him for

shoplifting, and continuing largely unabated ever since, Winder has accumulated two true

findings of juvenile delinquency, eight misdemeanor convictions, and five felony

convictions. The misdemeanor convictions include a conviction for battery. The felony

convictions include three convictions of robbery and one firearms offense. Winder was

evaluated in conjunction with his presentence investigation report pursuant to the Indiana

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Risk Assessment System. He was rated as a “very high risk” to reoffend. Id. at 122. Thus, it

is not surprising that he indicated to the probation department that he “does not have a plan to

abstain from trouble, as he is ‘about to get 80 years and spend the rest of his life in prison.’”

Id. at 120. Finally we note that he has violated probation on one previous occasion, and was

on probation when he committed the present offenses.

       The picture that emerges is that of a person who is either unwilling or incapable of

conforming his behavior to live within the boundaries of the law. Indeed, he seems to openly

acknowledge his disregard for the rules of society. Viewed in this light, the lengthy sentence,

revised along the lines set out above, is justifiable as necessary to protect society from

Winder’s criminal proclivities and therefore is not inappropriate.

       This matter is remanded to the trial court with instructions to reduce the attempted

robbery conviction to a class C felony and correct the sentencing order along the lines

discussed previously in this opinion.

       Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded with instructions.

BAKER, J., and VAIDIK, J., concur.

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