Court Opinion

ID: 9769888
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-29 15:06:43.273094+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:34:55.923352
License: Public Domain

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE

                   IN RE TERMINATION OF PARENTAL
                    RIGHTS AS TO A.D., K.D., and A.D.

                              No. 1 CA-JV 23-0047
                                FILED 8-29-2023

            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                              No. JD38774
               The Honorable Pamela Hearn Dunne, Judge

                                   AFFIRMED

                                    COUNSEL

John L. Popilek, P.C., Scottsdale
By John L. Popilek
Counsel for Appellant

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Tucson
By Jennifer R. Blum
Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety

                        MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Maria Elena Cruz delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge David D. Weinzweig and Judge Michael S. Catlett joined.
         IN RE TERM OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO A.D., et al.
                       Decision of the Court

C R U Z, Judge:

¶1           A.D. (“Father”) appeals1 the superior court’s order
terminating his parental rights as to his children, Aaron, Jason, and Alyssa.2
We affirm.

               FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2           In December 2019, the Department of Child Safety (“DCS”)
removed the children from the home after Alyssa ingested fentanyl and
required emergency hospitalization, and Father was charged with child
abuse. The superior court found the children dependent as to Father. After
DCS removed the children, Father participated in reunification services,
including substance abuse treatment and testing. The children were
eventually returned to the home, and in January 2021, the superior court
dismissed the dependency.

¶3            Later that month, DCS received reports that Father “had
relapsed on Percocet” and “overdosed on drugs and had to be given
Narcan.” DCS also received additional reports that Alyssa fell into a pool
while Father was “passed out while under the influence” of Percocet, and a
family member saved her from drowning. DCS requested Father resume
substance abuse testing and treatment, but he refused. DCS received an
additional report that Father was using drugs and abusing another child in
the home. Father was then arrested on drug charges and admitted the
children had not been staying in the home for almost two months.

¶4           Father again refused to participate in any services, including
substance abuse testing, and DCS removed the children from the home and
brought another dependency action against Father. DCS referred Father for
substance abuse testing and treatment, but he refused to participate. In
November 2021, Father was convicted of child abuse relating to the first
dependency and incarcerated.

¶5           After Father’s release, DCS referred him for substance abuse
treatment. Father completed twice weekly substance abuse testing for less
than two months and refused to participate in substance abuse treatment
after May 2022. Father claimed he participated in some less frequent testing

1     Only Father’s parental rights are at issue here. As of the termination
hearing, Father’s paternity had not been established as to Alyssa.

2      We use pseudonyms to refer to the children.

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         IN RE TERM OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO A.D., et al.
                       Decision of the Court

through his probation supervision, but his family reported to his probation
officer that Father was again abusing drugs. Father then attended a detox
program, but per his own admission, he left the program while being
escorted to the inpatient rehabilitation program.

¶6            In September 2022, DCS again moved to terminate Father’s
parental rights on the substance abuse and nine-month out-of-home
placement grounds. DCS referred Father for substance abuse treatment
shortly before the termination hearing, but he claimed he could not attend
because it conflicted with his work schedule.

¶7            The superior court terminated Father’s rights on both
grounds, finding termination was in the children’s best interests. Father
timely appealed, and we have jurisdiction pursuant to Arizona Revised
Statutes (“A.R.S.”) sections 12-120.21(A)(1), -2101(A)(1), and 8-235(A).

                                 DISCUSSION

¶8            Father claims the superior court erred in terminating his
parental rights on both the substance abuse and nine-month out-of-home
placement grounds. The superior court may terminate parental rights if
DCS proves any § 8-533(B) statutory ground by clear and convincing
evidence, Michael J. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 196 Ariz. 246, 249, ¶ 12 (2000),
and if termination is in the children’s best interests as proven by a
preponderance of the evidence, Kent K. v. Bobby M., 210 Ariz. 279, 288, ¶ 41
(2005). We do not reweigh evidence on appeal, and we will affirm the
superior court’s factual findings if supported by reasonable evidence.
Dominique M. v. Dep’t of Child Safety, 240 Ariz. 96, 97, ¶ 6 (App. 2016).

I.     Substance Abuse Ground

¶9             Father first argues the superior court’s order terminating his
parental rights on the substance abuse ground is not supported by
reasonable evidence, but he does not challenge the court’s best interests
findings. The superior court may terminate a parent’s rights under A.R.S.
§ 8-533(B)(3) if it finds by clear and convincing evidence that “the parent is
unable to discharge [their] parental responsibilities because of . . . a history
of chronic abuse of dangerous drugs [or] controlled substances,” and there
are “reasonable grounds to believe that the condition will continue for a
prolonged indeterminate period.” In addressing termination pursuant to
§ 8-533(B)(3), the court may consider any admissible evidence, including
evidence of the length and frequency of the substance abuse, the substances
abused, the behaviors associated with the abuse, prior efforts to maintain
sobriety, and prior relapses in determining whether reasonable grounds

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         IN RE TERM OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO A.D., et al.
                       Decision of the Court

exist to believe the condition will continue for a prolonged period. See
Jennifer S. v. Dep’t of Child Safety, 240 Ariz. 282, 287, ¶ 20 (App. 2016).

¶10            The record supports the court’s order. Father has struggled
with substance abuse, including abusing methamphetamine, Percocet, and
fentanyl, and he was convicted of child abuse related to his substance abuse.
Father argues DCS “presented no evidence that [he] had not addressed his
substance abuse issues” or that “from March 2022 through trial, [he] had
used fentanyl or any other substance other than marijuana.” But Father
refused to participate in testing through DCS after May 2022, and the
superior court properly drew a negative inference. See Raymond F. v. Ariz.
Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 224 Ariz. 373, 378-79, ¶¶ 26-29 (App. 2010); cf. Campbell
v. Superior Court, 106 Ariz. 542, 547-48 n.3 (1971) (“[I]t is reasonable to infer
that a refusal to take [a breathalyzer] test indicates the defendant’s fear of
the results of the test and his consciousness of guilt.”) (citation and internal
quotation marks omitted). The court also found Father’s testimony not
credible that he participated in testing through probation and completed a
rehabilitation program. We will not substitute our judgment or reweigh
conflicting evidence. See Jesus M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 203 Ariz. 278,
282, ¶ 12 (App. 2002); Cook v. Losnegard, 228 Ariz. 202, 205, ¶ 11 (App. 2011).

¶11           Father claims, “the evidence showed that [he] had gone more
than six months free from illegal or improper substances” and that he
completed a one-month substance abuse rehabilitation program. But
Father had not tested through DCS since May 2022, and DCS received
several reports that Father had relapsed. Father also admitted that he left
the treatment facility before undergoing inpatient care just four months
before the termination hearing. Even if Father had “gone more than six
months free from illegal or improper substances,” temporary abstinence
does not outweigh a parent’s “significant history of abuse” or the parent’s
“consistent inability to abstain” from substances. See Raymond F., 224 Ariz.
at 379, ¶ 29.

¶12           Father’s history of substance abuse supports the court’s
finding that he is unable to discharge his parental responsibilities. This
dependency started after a family member saved Alyssa from drowning
while Father was passed out from drug use. Father’s substance abuse was
also the central theme of prior dependency proceedings which began after
Alyssa ingested fentanyl and Father was convicted of child abuse. While
Father was able to demonstrate sobriety in the prior dependency and DCS
returned the children, he relapsed several times. Father’s history offers
reasonable grounds to believe his substance abuse will continue for a
prolonged indeterminate period.

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         IN RE TERM OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO A.D., et al.
                       Decision of the Court

¶13           Father also argues the superior court erroneously terminated
his parental rights based on his use of legal medical marijuana under the
Arizona Medical Marijuana Act. See A.R.S. §§ 36-2801 to -2822. But the
court terminated Father’s parental rights based on his “history of abusing
methamphetamine and Fentanyl,” and the record supports the court’s
order.

¶14            For the foregoing reasons, termination pursuant to A.R.S. § 8-
533(B)(3) is supported.

II.    Nine-month Out-of-home Placement Ground

¶15          Because we affirm on grounds of substance abuse, we need
not evaluate whether reasonable evidence supported the court’s order on
the nine-month out-of-home placement ground. See Jesus M., 203 Ariz. at
280, ¶ 3.

III.   Best Interests

¶16           In addition to proving grounds exist for termination, DCS
must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that terminating a parent’s
rights would be in the children’s best interests. A.R.S. § 8-533(B); Kent K.,
210 Ariz. at 288, ¶ 41.

¶17            Father does not challenge the court’s best interests findings.
However, our independent review of the record reveals a sufficient basis
for the court’s findings. The court found that the children are in an adoptive
placement, their needs are being met, “and the child[ren’s] prospective
adoption is otherwise legally possible and likely,” such that the termination
of parental rights is in the children’s best interests “so as to permit
adoption.” Demetrius L. v. Joshlynn F., 239 Ariz. 1, 4, ¶ 12 (2016).

¶18           The superior court also found that “[m]aintaining of a parent-
child relationship would be detrimental to the children because . . . Father
[has not] demonstrated sobriety and the Children have lingered in care for
approximately a year and a half as the parents were given every
opportunity to become sober.” And this family placement with their uncle
“allows the children to maintain relationships with extended family
members.” More than that, the uncle “is providing the children with a
loving and nurturing home environment and the children have been
thriving” in their uncle’s care.

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      IN RE TERM OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO A.D., et al.
                    Decision of the Court

                            CONCLUSION

¶19       We affirm.

                       AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                       FILED: AA

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