Court Opinion

ID: 7035179
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-24 06:44:52.391806+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:11:07.247949
License: Public Domain

Perkins, J.
Suit by Barton against Moorman, Wiggs, and Moorman, upon a promissory note for $482. Answer in bar: 1. General denial. 2. Payment. 3. That usurious interest was included in the note, which it was proposed to set-off. (See, in this connection, Beauchamp v. Leagan, 14 Ind. 401.) 4. That the note was altered without the consent of the makers. 5. That Wiggs and Moorman were sureties on the note.
A demurrer was sustained to the third, fourth and fifth paragraphs of the answer. The ruling upon the demurrer was right as to the third paragraph, because that paragraph purported to go in bar of the whole action, while it could go in bar of but a part of it. Brown v. Perry, 14 Ind. 32; Ind. Dig., p. 658. The ruling was right as to the fifth paragraph, because that paragraph did not contain matter in bar of the action, but only matter for ground of direction as to the execution upon the judgment. Hooker v. Wise, 14 Ind. 276. The ruling upon the demurrer to the fourth paragraph did no harm, though perhaps erroneous, (see MeNeer v. Dipboy, 14 Ind. 18) because that paragraph amounted, in substance, to non est factum, and not being verified was equivalent to the general denial simply; but the general denial was already in. Daily et al. v. Nuttman, 14 Ind. 339; 2 Greenl. Ev., § § 6, 7, 8; Ind. Dig., p. 652.
It is claimed that usury and alteration of the note might have been given in evidence under the general denial; but they could not. Evidence under the general denial is restricted by the code, to that which tends to negative what the opposite party in the given case is bound to prove, to succeed upon the issue being tried. Brown v. Perry, 14 Ind. 32. See Ind. Dig., p. 652, and 2 Greenl. Ev., § § 6, 7, 8. Now what in this case was the plaintiff bound to prove under the general denial? Simply the existence of such a note as he had copied into his complaint. The note, as copied, *208included the alterations, if they existed; they were a part of it, if no variance appeared; and of course were admitted as a part of the note, there being no denial under oath. Had there been a denial under oath of the execution of the note sued on, or had the question of alteration arisen upon an instrument offered in evidence which had not been made a part of the pleadings, then the point might have arisen as to the presumption, the hand-writing having been proved, touching erasures and interlineations; whether they were to be taken, prima facie, as having been made before, or after, the signing ' of the instrument. As to this, see Will, on Per. Prop, side p. 79; 2 Wend. Blackstone, p. 308, notes 21, 22; Stoner v. Ellis, 6 Ind. 152; The People v. Minck, 21 N. Y. Rep. (Ct. of App.) 539; French v. The State, 12 Ind. 670. As to the difference of presumption in case of negotiable and other written instruments, see Byles on Bills, 3 Am. Ed. top p. 371; and more pointedly, 1 Phillips’ Ev. 1 Am. Ed. p. 606; 3 id. 152, et seq. See 1 Phillips, supra, as to difference in civil and criminal cases.
Bichle and Burchenal for the appellants.
James Perry, for the appellee.
P&r Guriam.
The judgment below is affirmed, with 2 per cent, damages and costs.