Court Opinion

ID: 4606169
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:37:55.129296+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:53:19.551074
License: Public Domain

KATE M. SIMON, BY HER AGENT, ALEXANDER B. SIMON, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.Simon v. CommissionerDocket No. 9993.United States Board of Tax Appeals10 B.T.A. 1186; 1928 BTA LEXIS 3942; March 6, 1928, Promulgated *3942  Deductions by trustees from interest received on bonds purchased with trust funds are not income to taxpayer beneficiary, inasmuch as under the laws of the State of New York, the trustees were required to create a sinking fund out of interest paid to them on bonds, sufficient to make good upon their maturity the premium paid therefor, to the end that the principal of the trust fund might be preserved intact.  Charles E. Scribner, Esq., for the petitioner.  Henry Ravenel, Esq., for the respondent.  MURDOCK *1186  This is a proceeding for the redetermination of a deficiency in income tax in the amount of $47.67 for the year 1922.  This additional assessment is based on an increase of taxpayer's net income in *1187  the amount of $433.39, representing the amount claimed by the estate of Edward B. Simon as a deduction from income, being the amount set aside in 1922 in a sinking fund to amortize premiums paid for bonds purchased with trust funds at prices in excess of par, which was disallowed by the Commissioner as an improper deduction under section 219 of the Revenue Act of 1921.  The case was submitted on the pleadings.  FINDINGS OF FACT. *3943  The proceeding is brought in the name of Kate M. Simon, the taxpayer, (who for the past ten years or more has resided in France), by her agent, Alexander B. Simon, a resident of New York City.  The answer admits the following allegations of the petition: By the terms of the will of Edward B. Simon, who died in 1892, a resident of the State of New York, where said will was probated, there was a bequest, inter alia, to the executors in trust to invest such property, "and keep it so invested and to receive the rents, interest and income thereof and after paying thereout all taxes, assessment and necessary expenses for repair or otherwise, to pay over the residue of such rents, interest and income quarter yearly unto my wife, Kate M. Simon * * *." In the administration of such trust, the executors invested a portion of such trust fund in bonds which were purchased above par, and, in accordance with the law and custom of New York, the jurisdiction in which the estate was administered, the trustees created a sinking fund to amortize the premium on such bonds, so as to preserve the capital invested intact and prevent a dissipation of the principal at the expense of the remainderman. *3944  This has been the practice of the trustees for thirty-three years and this practice has been approved in writing at regular periods by all the beneficiaries under the will.  The executors filed a fiduciary return under the Federal Income Tax Law for the year 1922 and therein deducted from the gross income of the estate and set apart in said sinking fund the sum of $433.39, the proportionate part for the said year of the coupon interest on said bonds purchased above par in order to amortize premiums at maturity, and, in accordance with said law of the State of New York, showed the income distributable to Kate M. Simon from other than tax exempt securities of the estate to be the sum of $8,448.61, after all legitimate deductions and allowances for accounting of the estate and the expense of the trustees, including said amortization.  Kate M. Simon filed a personal return for 1922 upon a basis of $8,448.61 as taxable income from said estate, and, despite protest, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue has determined that a deficiency in tax exists on the individual income tax return and that the taxpayer, Kate M. Simon, should have paid a tax upon the said sum of $433.39 as income*3945  to her, on the theory that the sum of $433.39 was not a proper deduction according to the Revenue Acts.  OPINION.  MURDOCK: The executors set aside in the taxable year $433.39 and deposited it in a sinking fund to amortize at maturity the premiums paid from trust funds in the purchase of bonds above par.  *1188  Section 219(d) of the Revenue Act of 1921, provides as follows: * * * There shall be included in computing the net income of each beneficiary that part of the income of the estate or trust for its taxable year which, pursuant to the instrument or order governing the distribution, is distributable to such beneficiary, whether distributed or not, * * *.  Our problem is to determine whether or not the amount in question was distributable to Kate M. Simon, pursuant to the instrument governing the distribution.  To reach a decision on this point it would be pertinent to consider the terms of the instrument governing the distribution in the light of the law of the State of New York, in which State the trust had its situs.  The following excerpts from New York cases will sufficiently show what is the law of that State on this subject.  The court said *3946 ; , * * * We adhere to the rule declared in the Baker case, [ that in the absence of a clear direction in the will to the contrary where investments are made by the trustee, the principal must be maintained intact from loss by payment of premium on securities having only a definite term to run; * * * It is also to be said that, unless the rule in the Baker case is to be observed, the relative rights of life tenant and remainderman would largely depend on the favor or caprice of the trustee, who might either buy a bond bearing a high rate of interest at a great preimum and impair the principal, or buy a bond bearing a lower rate of interest substantially at par and preserve the principal intact.  In the case of ; , the court affirmed the decision of the Appellate Division reported in ; , which opinion of the lower court was in part as follows: * * * In that year (1907) the Court of Appeals, by a decision in *3947 , finally established the rule that, in the absence of a clear direction in the will to the contrary, trustees must amortize from the income of said bonds a fund sufficient to make good the encroachment upon the trust fund as the result of premiums paid for bonds.  (Italics ours.) * * * By the decision in Matter of Stevens in 1907, it became the duty of trustees to provide a sinking fund out of interest paid to them on the bonds, sufficient to make good upon their maturity the premium paid therefor, to the end that the principal of the trust fund might be preserved intact.  * * * The law seems to have been reasonably well settled long prior to the decision in Matter of Stevens that a proper discharge of a trustee's duty involved the preservation intact of the corpus of the trust estate by providing from the income derived from bonds purchased at a premium sufficient to make good the premium paid.  This court held, as early as 1897, in , and *3948 , decided in 1898, and in the late case of , affirmed , that where a trustee invests in bonds, paying a premium therefor, he must make such deductions *1189  from interest as will suffice to make the principal whole when the bonds mature.  The will of Edward Simon, which was the instrument governing the distribution, is not before us.  If it were, our problem might be easily solved.  A part only of this will is before us.  This part deals with the duties of the executors as trustees.  It contains no clear direction or no suggestion that the trustees may not amortize from the income of bonds a fund sufficient to make good the encroachment upon the trust fund as the result of premiums paid for the bonds.  On the contrary, we know that for thirty-three years the trustees have been setting aside such a fund with the approval expressed in writing of all the beneficiaries under the will.  When for many years, irrespective of income tax, persons directly interested have consistently*3949  acted upon the view that income is not to be distributed, we are not inclined to recognize the right of the Government to adopt a contrary view as the basis of tax.  ; . We can not say, therefore, that the amount of $433.39 set aside by the trustees in 1922 in a sinking fund was distributable to the beneficiary taxpayer, Kate M. Simon, within the meaning of that word as used in section 219(d) of the 1921 Act.  The Commissioner was in error in determining that this amount was income to her.  Judgment of no deficiency will be entered for the petitioner.