Court Opinion

ID: 4508223
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-02-18 19:09:06.051143+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:10:14.387039
License: Public Domain

J-A01025-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    WAYNE JOHNS AND KAREN                         :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    SHREEVES JOHNS, H/W                           :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                                  :
                       Appellants                 :
                                                  :
                                                  :
                v.                                :
                                                  :
                                                  :   No. 2091 EDA 2018
    FRANK LUBISKY, UNION ROOFING                  :
    CONTRACTORS, INC., AND UNION                  :
    ROOFING                                       :

                  Appeal from the Order Entered June 4, 2018
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Civil Division at
                       No(s): June Term, 2012 No. 00406

BEFORE:       NICHOLS, J., MURRAY, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.:                               FILED FEBRUARY 18, 2020

        Wayne    Johns     and    Karen        Shreeves-Johns,   husband   and   wife

(Appellants), appeal from the trial court’s order granting the motion for

judgment on the pleadings filed by Frank Lubisky, Union Roofing Contractors,

Inc., and Union Roofing (collectively, Roofers). Upon review, we affirm.

        The trial court summarized the underlying facts and procedural history

as follows:

              [Appellants] aver in their Amended Complaint that on June
        4, 2008, [Appellants] entered into a written contract with
        [Roofers] to perform roofing services. Not long thereafter the roof
        began to experience leaking. [Appellants] informed [Roofers] of
        the problem by sending them a letter on July 27, 2008. The [trial

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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     court] found that July 27, 2008, was the date the statute of
     limitations would have begun to run.

           [Appellants] initiated their suit against [Roofers] by writ of
     summons on June 5, 2012 - approximately three years and 11
     months after the statute of limitations began to run. The writ
     expired on July 5, 2012, and was not subsequently reissued. A
     review of the docket makes it clear that this writ was never served
     on [Roofers].

            On August 25, 2014, [Appellants] filed their complaint -
     approximately six years and one month after the statute of
     limitations began to run.       In their Amended Complaint,
     [Appellants] asserted three causes of action:      [n]egligence,
     breach of contract, and violation of the Unfair Trade Practices
     Consumer Protection Law (UTPCPL). . . .

Trial Court Opinion, 10/19/18, at *2-3 (footnote omitted).

     On November 5, 2014, the trial court entered default judgment against

Roofers for their failure to file an answer to Appellants’ complaint.        On

November 28, 2014, Roofers filed a petition to open the default judgment.

The trial court granted Roofers’ petition on January 26, 2015, opened the

default judgment, and granted Roofers leave to file a responsive pleading.

     Subsequently, both parties filed preliminary objections. On February

17, 2016, the trial court issued an order denying Appellants’ preliminary

objections, granting Roofers’ preliminary objections, and ordering Appellants

to amend their complaint to include documents previously omitted from the

record.

     On April 3, 2016, Appellants filed an amended complaint. Roofers filed

an answer and new matter on July 14, 2016. On July 26, 2016, Appellants

filed a reply to Roofers’ new matter. Roofers filed a motion for judgment on

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the pleadings on August 17, 2016; Appellants filed a response to the motion

on August 29, 2016.

       On June 4, 2018, the trial court issued an order granting Roofers’ motion

for judgment on the pleadings and dismissed Appellants’ complaint.

Appellants filed a motion for reconsideration on July 1, 2018.      While their

motion was pending before the trial court, Appellants filed a notice of appeal.

The trial court denied Appellants’ motion for reconsideration on July 31, 2018.

Appellants filed a concise statement pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of

Appellate Procedure 1925, and the trial court filed an opinion.

       On appeal, Appellants present two issues:

       [1.] Was the default judgment improperly opened in violation of
       Pa.R.C.P. 237.3?

       [2.] Was the [c]ourt’s [o]rder granting the Motion for Judgment
       on the Pleadings an error of law where the [c]ourt found the facts
       to be “muddied” and in need of “further elucidation”?

Appellants’ Brief at 4.1

____________________________________________

1 Appellants’ Rule 1925(b) statement raises three additional claims. See Rule
1925(b) Statement, 9/2/18, at *1-2. However, because Appellants
abandoned these claims in their brief, we do not address them. See
Appellants’ Brief at 4; see also Commonwealth v. Briggs, 12 A.3d 291, 310
n.19 (Pa. 2011), cert. denied, 132 S.Ct. 267 (2011) (refusing to address
claim appellant raised with trial court but subsequently abandoned in brief).

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       In their first issue, Appellants assert that the trial court erred in granting

Roofers’ petition to open the default judgment.2 We recognize:

       [A] petition to open a default judgment is an appeal to the
       equitable powers of the court. The decision to grant or deny a
       petition to open a default judgment is within the sound discretion
       of the trial court, and we will not overturn that decision absent a
       manifest abuse of discretion or error of law. An abuse of discretion
       is not a mere error of judgment, but if in reaching a conclusion,
       the law is overridden or misapplied, or the judgment exercised is
       manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias
       or ill will, as shown by the evidence of record, discretion is abused.

Digital Communications Warehouse, Inc. v. Allen Investments, LLC, -

-- A.3d ----, 2019 WL 6049932, *5 (Pa. Super. 2019) (citation omitted).

       Appellants argue that the trial court erred in opening the default

judgment because Roofers did not properly verify both their petition to open

default judgment and the attached preliminary objections. See Appellants’

Brief at 10. In particular, Appellants take issue with the fact that Roofers’

attorney, rather than Roofers, signed the verification forms.

       In response, Roofers argue that Appellants waived this issue because it

was never raised in the trial court. See Roofers’ Brief at 8-9. Alternatively,

Roofers aver that their “error was de minimus and it did not bar the [trial

court] from granting [Roofers’ p]etition.” Id. at 13. We agree.

____________________________________________

2 This issue is properly before us because the trial court’s January 26, 2015
order granting the opening of the default judgment was not a final and
appealable order.       See Pa.R.A.P. 311; see also Joseph Palermo
Development Corp. v. Bowers, 564 A.2d 996, 998 (Pa. Super. 1989) (“An
order opening judgment . . . does not end the litigation[.]”).

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      The record confirms that Appellants failed to raise the issue of the

verifications’ alleged defectiveness with the trial court. Appellants’ answer to

Roofers’ petition to open default judgment does not present any challenge to

the verifications, nor does Appellants’ motion for reconsideration.         See

Appellants’ Answer to Roofers’ Petition to Open Default Judgment, 12/22/14,

at *1-8; Appellants’ Motion for Reconsideration, 7/1/18, at *1-3.          Thus,

Appellants have waived any argument concerning the defectiveness of the

verifications. See Pa.R.A.P. 302 (“Issues not raised in the lower court are

waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”).

      Even if Appellants preserved their verification claims, they are meritless.

Had Appellants raised the issue in the trial court, case law dictates that the

proper remedy would have been to grant Roofers leave to amend their

verifications. See JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. Murray, 63 A.3d 1258,

1270 (Pa. Super. 2013) (“[A trial] court confronted by a defective verification

should grant leave to amend before dismissing the petition.”) (citation

omitted). We therefore agree that the error is de minimis and Appellants’

issue is meritless. See Monroe Contract Corp. v. Harrison Square, Inc.,

405 A.2d 954, 959 (Pa. Super. 1979) (holding that remand was not “in the

best interests of judicial economy . . . for the sole purpose of effecting a

miniscule and purely formal amendment.”); George H. Althof, Inc. v.

Spartan Inns of America, Inc., 441 A.2d 1236, 1238 (Pa. Super. 1982)

(“This Court has . . . looked beyond technical defects in affidavits

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accompanying petitions to open or strike default judgments.”) (citations

omitted).

      Appellants also argue that the trial court erred in opening the default

judgment because Roofers failed to provide a reasonable excuse for failing to

file a responsive pleading to their complaint. See Appellants’ Brief at 13-14.

      A default judgment may be opened when the moving party establishes

three requirements:   “(1) a prompt filing of a petition to open the default

judgment; (2) a meritorious defense; and (3) a reasonable excuse or

explanation for its failure to file a responsive pleading.” U.S. Bank National

Assoc. for Pa. Housing Finance Agency v. Watters, 163 A.3d 1019, 1028

(Pa. Super. 2017) (citation omitted); see also Schultz v. Erie Ins.

Exchange, 477 A.2d 471, 472 (Pa. Super. 1984). “If a petition to open a

default judgment fails to fulfill any one prong of this test, then the petition

must be denied.” Id. (citations omitted).

      Appellants argue that Roofers failed to provide a reasonable excuse for

their failure to file a responsive pleading because “allegations of improper

service are conclusions of law, and do not constitute an adequate excuse[.]”

Appellants’ Brief at 12.   The record reflects, however, that this is not the

reasonable excuse given by Roofers for their failure to file a responsive

pleading. See Roofers’ Petition to Open Default Judgment, 11/28/14, at ¶¶

28-35; Roofers’ Memorandum of Law, 11/28/14, at *4 (“[Roofers] never

responded to the Complaint . . . out of a mistaken belief that they were

working toward a settlement and a genuine confusion over the [d]efault

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[j]udgment itself.”). Notably, Appellants concede that Roofers “set forth an

adequate explanation of the delay in answering the complaint in their petition

to open[.]” Appellants’ Brief at 12.

      In their second issue, Appellants argue that the trial court improperly

granted Roofers’ motion for judgment on the pleadings because there exist

unresolved factual disputes. See Appellants’ Brief at 14-16.

      Upon review, we are constrained to conclude that Appellants’ claim is

waived for failure to preserve the issue in their Rule 1925(b) statement. “If

the judge entering the order giving rise to the notice of appeal desires

clarification of the errors complained of on appeal, the judge may enter an

order directing the appellant to file of record in the trial court and serve on

the judge a concise statement of the errors complained of on appeal.”

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) (parentheticals omitted). Any issue not raised in a Rule

1925(b) concise statement will be deemed waived.               See Pa.R.A.P.

1925(b)(4)(vii) (emphasis added).

      Further:

      Our jurisprudence is clear and well-settled, and firmly establishes
      that: Rule 1925(b) sets out a simple bright-line rule, which
      obligates an appellant to file and serve a Rule 1925(b) statement,
      when so ordered; any issues not raised in a Rule 1925(b)
      statement will be deemed waived; the courts lack the authority to
      countenance deviations from the Rule’s terms; the Rule’s
      provisions are not subject to ad hoc exceptions or selective
      enforcement; appellants and their counsel are responsible for
      complying with the Rule’s requirements; Rule 1925 violations may
      be raised by the appellate court sua sponte, and the Rule applies
      notwithstanding an appellee’s request not to enforce it; and, if
      Rule 1925 is not clear as to what is required of an appellant, on-

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      the-record actions taken by the appellant aimed at compliance
      may satisfy the Rule. We yet again repeat the principle first stated
      in [Commonwealth v. Lord, 719 A.2d 306 (Pa. 1998)] that must
      be applied here: In order to preserve their claims for appellate
      review, appellants must comply whenever the trial court orders
      them to file a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal
      pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925. Any issues not raised in a Pa.R.A.P.
      1925(b) statement will be deemed waived.

Commonwealth v. Hill, 16 A.3d 484, 494 (Pa. 2011) (citation and footnote

omitted); see also Berg v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., Inc., 6 A.3d 1002,

1010 (Pa. 2010) (Pennsylvania Supreme Court applying the principles set

forth in Lord in a civil case).

      On August 15, 2018, the trial court filed a Rule 1925(b) order requiring

Appellants to file a concise statement within 21 days.        Order, 8/15/18.

Appellants filed a concise statement on September 2, 2018, in which they

raised the following four claims:

      1. Where a default judgment was entered in favor of [Appellants]
      on November 5, 2014, and [Roofers] did not file a Petition to Open
      until November 28, 2014, was the default judgment improperly
      opened in violation of Pa.R.C.P. 237.3?

      2. Where [Roofers] failed to appear for arbitration on November
      20, 2014, and $48,450 was awarded to [Appellants] by the
      arbitration panel, was [Roofers’] appeal therefrom for a trial de
      novo in violation of Pa.R.C.P. 1303, and/or Phila. Civ. R. 1303,
      and therefore procedurally incorrect?

      3. Was the [trial court’s o]rder (dated June 4, 2018) in violation
      of the law of the case, or any other common law doctrine, where
      the [trial court] had previously denied [Roofers’] requests for
      dismissal (on grounds concerning the timeliness of the Writ and
      Complaint) on at least seven (7) separate, prior occasions?

      4. Should prior [Appellants’] counsel’s incompetence (and
      disbarment), in allegedly failing to timely serve a Writ of

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      Summons upon [Roofers’], operate to bar [Appellants] from
      pursuing their claims, particularly where the [trial court] denied
      [Roofers] requests in that regard on at least seven (7) occasions
      during the litigation of the case?

Appellants’ Rule 1925(b) Statement, 9/2/18, at *1-2.

      After thorough review, we cannot say that any of the issues raised in

Appellants’ concise statement preserved the factual dispute issue Appellants’

argue in their brief.   Id.; Appellants’ Brief at 14-16.    As such, Appellants’

second issue compels waiver.      Id. (“Issues not included in the Statement

and/or not raised in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph (b)(4)

are waived.”) (emphasis added).

      We also note that in their brief, Appellants fail to articulate and identify

what fact or facts were allegedly in-dispute. See Appellants’ Brief at 14-16.

This also constitutes grounds for waiver. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119; see also Keller

v. Mey, 67 A.3d 1, 7 (Pa. Super. 2013) (“Our Rules provide that an appellant’s

argument must contain citation to relevant authorities as well as reference to

the portions of the record and evidence that support the issue on appeal. . .

This Court will not develop arguments on the behalf of appellant or comb the

record for factual underpinnings to support appellant’s position.”) (citation

omitted).

      For the reasons discussed above, we affirm the trial court’s June 4, 2018

order granting Roofers’ motion for judgment on the pleadings.

      Order affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/18/20

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