Court Opinion

ID: 6325949
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-03-23 14:07:05.396637+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:22:07.415621
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-0885-19

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

RODNEY JOHNSON,

     Defendant-Appellant.
_______________________

                   Submitted March 16, 2022 – Decided March 23, 2022

                   Before Judges Rose and Enright.

                   On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                   Division, Hudson County, Indictment No. 05-03-0305.

                   Rodney Johnson, appellant pro se.

                   Esther Suarez, Hudson County Prosecutor, attorney for
                   respondent (Stephanie Davis Elson, Assistant
                   Prosecutor, on the brief).

PER CURIAM
      Defendant Rodney Johnson appeals pro se from a December 3, 2018 order

denying his second petition for post-conviction relief (PCR) as untimely under

Rule 3:22-12(a)(2). We agree and affirm.

      In 2006, a jury convicted defendant of multiple offenses charged in a

Hudson County indictment, including conspiracy to commit armed robbery,

murder, felony murder, armed robbery, and related weapons offenses for his part

in the shooting death of James Ransom and robbery of David Ransom. At the

time of the incident, the victims were waiting for their food orders at a fried

chicken store in Jersey City. As they fled the scene, defendant and his co-

defendant shot at the responding officer.      Defendant was arrested shortly

thereafter.

      The trial judge sentenced defendant to an aggregate term of life

imprisonment, plus twenty-five years, subject to the No Early Release Act,

N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.2. We affirmed defendant's convictions and sentence. State

v. Johnson, No. A-5330-06 (App. Div. Apr. 9, 2010).           The Court denied

certification. 203 N.J. 440 (2010).

      In February 2011, defendant filed a timely petition for PCR, asserting trial

counsel was ineffective for "failing to conduct a proper investigation and failing

to object to the trial judge's decision to close the courtroom during jury

                                        2                                   A-0885-19
selection." State v. Johnson, No. A-0251-12 (App. Div. Aug 7, 2014) (slip. op.

at 1), certif. denied, 220 N.J. 289 (2015). Defendant also alleged appellate

counsel was ineffective for "failing to argue the denial of a public trial issue on

direct appeal." Ibid. The PCR court denied defendant's petition without a

hearing, and we affirmed. Ibid. The Court denied certification. 220 N.J. 269

(2015).

      Five years later, on September 26, 2018, 1 defendant filed a second PCR

petition, asserting trial counsel was ineffective for a litany of reasons.

Defendant failed to address the reasons for his untimely filing. Nor did he

challenge the effectiveness of PCR counsel's representation on his initial

petition. On December 3, 2018, 2 another PCR judge denied defendant's petition

on the papers. The order tersely stated: "Defendant's second [p]etition is

DENIED pursuant to R[ule] 3:22-4(b). The [p]etition is not timely pursuant to

R. 3:22-12(a)(2)." This appeal followed.

      On appeal, defendant raises the following "grounds" for consideration:

1
  Inexplicably, defendant's merits brief states his second PCR petition was filed
on March 26, 2019, and defendant's appendix does not include his petition.
Upon inquiry by this court, the Law Division provided defendant's filed petition,
which was purportedly signed on March 26, 2020.
2
  Defendant's merits brief inaccurately states the order was filed on May 2,
2019.

                                        3                                    A-0885-19
                GROUND I

TRIAL COUNSEL WAS INEFFECTIVE BECAUSE
OF A CONFLICT OF INTEREST WHICH
VIOLATED DEFENDANT'S CONSTITUTION[AL]
RIGHT[] TO [A] FAIR TRIAL. THE LAWYER
REPRESENTED [DEFENDANT]. [DEFENDANT]
PAID HIM BUT HE ALSO [SOUGHT] AND
RECEIVED PAYMENT FROM THE OFFICE OF
THE PUBLIC DEFENDER.

               GROUND II

TRIAL COUNSEL WAS INEFFECTIVE FOR
FAILURE TO VOIR DIRE THE JURY.   THIS
VIOLATED DEFENDANT'S CONSTITUTION[AL]
RIGHT[] TO [A] FAIR TRIAL.

               GROUND III

TRIAL COUNSEL['S] FAILURE TO FILE ANY
MOTIONS     VIOLATED        DEFENDANT'S
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO [A] FAIR TRIAL.

               GROUND IV

TRIAL COUNSEL FAIL[ED] TO CALL GEORGE
TAYLOR AS [A] WITNESS[,] WHICH[] VIOLATED
DEFENDANT'S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO [A]
FAIR TRIAL.    THIS POTENTIAL WITNESS
POSSESSED EXCULPATORY EVIDENCE.

               GROUND V

TRIAL COUNSEL WAS STRESSED BECAUSE OF
[A] CONFLICT DUE TO THE FACT HE HIMSELF
WAS UNDER INVESTIGATION AT THE TIME OF
DEFENDANT'S TRIAL.       THIS VIOLATED

                    4                       A-0885-19
DEFENDANT'S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO A
FAIR TRIAL.

              GROUND VI

TRIAL COUNSEL FAILED TO CONDUCT ANY
INVESTIGATION.       THIS    VIOLATED
DEFENDANT'S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO [A]
FAIR TRIAL.

              GROUND VII

TRIAL COUNSEL WAS INEFFECTIVE FOR
FAILURE TO PURSUE THE ISSUE OF A HARSH
AND EXCESSIVE SENTENCE.

              GROUND VIII

TRIAL COUNSEL WAS INEFFECTIVE FOR
PERMITTING [THE] CASE TO GO TO TRIAL
WITHOUT FULL DISCOVERY. THIS VIOLATED
DEFENDANT'S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO [A]
FAIR TRIAL.

              GROUND IX

TRIAL COUNSEL DID NOT MEET WITH
[DEFENDANT] TO DISCUSS [DEFENDANT'S]
CASE. [TRIAL COUNSEL AND DEFENDANT]
NEVER HAD A CONFERENCE ABOUT THE
EVIDENCE OR THE CASE. WHEN YOU HIRE A
LAWYER HE COMES TO YOU AND INTERVIEWS
YOU. THE CLIENT EXPLAINS WHAT TOOK
PLACE AND THE LAWYER OUTLINES A PLAN
OF ATTACK. THIS NEVER TOOK PLACE IN
[DEFENDANT]'S CASE.    THIS VIOLATED
DEFENDANT'S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO [A]
FAIR TRIAL.

                   5                      A-0885-19
               GROUND X

TRIAL COUNSEL WAS DECEITFUL AND
DISHONEST. AT THE TIME OF THE CRIME[,] I
WAS [TWENTY-THREE] YEARS OF AGE, AND
MY MIND WAS NOT FULLY DEVELOPED, AND I
LACKED EXPERIENCE AND GOOD JUDGMENT.
THE    LAWYER  TOOK    ADVANTAGE    OF
[DEFENDANT]. HE WAS A CROOK AND WENT
TO JAIL.

               GROUND XI

[DEFENDANT] HIRED COUNSEL AND PAID HIM
$17,000.00 DOLLARS TO REPRESENT HIM.
THEREAFTER[,] [DEFENDANT] DISCOVERED
THAT HE PETITIONED THE PUBLIC DEFENDER'S
OFFICE TO ALSO COMPENSATE HIM. HE WAS
DOUBLE DIPPING.

               GROUND XII

TRIAL COUNSEL DID NOT FILE ANY MOTIONS
ON BEHALF OF [DEFENDANT].

              GROUND XIII

IF NOT ONE OF THE ISSUES IN AND OF ITSELF
IS SUFFICIENT TO GRANT [DEFENDANT] A NEW
TRIAL,      CERTAINLY       COLLECTIVELY
[DEFENDANT] IS ENTITLED TO A NEW TRIAL
OR AT THE VERY LEAST AN[] EVIDENTIARY
HEARING.

              GROUND XI[V]

JURISDICTION, THE BURDEN OF PROOF TO
OBTAIN RELIEF, THE REQUIREMENT OF AN

                    6                       A-0885-19
            EVIDENTIARY HEARING WITH THE MOVANT
            PRESENT, AND THE NEED FOR A RULING
            WHICH INCORPORATES FINDINGS OF FACT
            AND SPECIFIC CONCLUSIONS OF LAW.
            (Not raised below)

      In his reply brief, defendant raises an additional argument:

            THE PCR COURT ERRED WHEN IT DENIED A
            SECOND PETITION FOR [PCR] DUE TO A
            PROCEDURAL BAR.

      Rule 3:22-4(b)(1) requires dismissal of a second petition if untimely under

Rule 3:22-12(a)(2). Specifically, under Rule 3:22-4(b):

            A second or subsequent petition for post-conviction
      relief shall be dismissed unless:

            (1) it is timely under [Rule] 3:22-12(a)(2); and

            (2) it alleges on its face either:

            (A)    that the petition relies on a new rule of
            constitutional law, made retroactive to defendant's
            petition by the United States Supreme Court or the
            Supreme Court of New Jersey, that was unavailable
            during the pendency of any prior proceedings; or

            (B) that the factual predicate for the relief sought could
            not have been discovered earlier through the exercise
            of reasonable diligence, and the facts underlying the
            ground for relief, if proven and viewed in light of the
            evidence as a whole, would raise a reasonable
            probability that the relief sought would be granted; or

            (C) that the petition alleges a prima facie case of
            ineffective assistance of counsel that represented the

                                         7                                 A-0885-19
             defendant on the first or subsequent application for
             post-conviction relief.

      Under Rule 3:22-12(a)(2), a second or subsequent petition for PCR must

be filed within one year after the latest of:

             (A) the date on which the constitutional right asserted
             was initially recognized by the United States Supreme
             Court or the Supreme Court of New Jersey, if that right
             has been newly recognized by either of those Courts
             and made retroactive by either of those Courts to cases
             on collateral review; or

             (B) the date on which the factual predicate for the relief
             sought was discovered, if that factual predicate could
             not have been discovered earlier through the exercise
             of reasonable diligence; or

             (C) the date of the denial of the first or subsequent
             application for post-conviction relief where ineffective
             assistance of counsel that represented the defendant on
             the first or subsequent application for post-conviction
             relief is being alleged.

      A 2009 amendment to the Rule makes clear beyond question that the one-

year limitation for second or subsequent petitions is non-relaxable. See R. 3:22-

12(b); State v. Jackson, 454 N.J. Super. 284, 293 (App. Div. 2018); see also R.

1:3-4(c) (prohibiting the court and the parties from enlarging the time to file a

petition for PCR under Rule 3:22-12).

      Application of these rules makes plain the PCR court was correct in

dismissing defendant's second PCR petition as untimely. Defendant filed his

                                         8                                 A-0885-19
second PCR petition on September 26, 2018, more than one year beyond the

denial of his first petition on March 29, 2012. Defendant asserted no reasons

for the untimeliness of his second petition in his merits brief.

      In his reply brief, defendant summarily asserts the United States Supreme

Court's decision in McCoy v. Louisiana, 584 U.S. ___, 138 S. Ct. 1500 (2018),

"is retroactive to his case." Defendant also generally claims "PCR counsel

should have recognized how trial counsel violated [defendant]'s rights." We

decline to consider defendant's belated, unsupported arguments. See State v.

Smith, 55 N.J. 476, 488 (1970) (recognizing the impropriety of raising an issue

for the first time – or enlarging the main argument – in a reply brief); see also

State v. Alexander, 233 N.J. 132, 148 (2018) (noting appellate courts usually do

not consider an argument raised for the first time on appeal).

      Because defendant's second petition is obviously time-barred under Rule

3:22-4(b), as noted by the PCR court in its order, our review was not impeded

by the court's failure to explain its findings pursuant to Rule 1:7-4(a) (stating

that the trial court "shall, by an opinion or memorandum decision, either written

or oral, find the facts and state its conclusions of law thereon in all actions tried

without a jury, on every motion decided by a written order that is appealable as

of right, and also as required by [Rule] 3:29").

                                         9                                    A-0885-19
Affirmed.

            10   A-0885-19