Court Opinion

ID: 9397069
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-24 15:04:26.128716+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:19:21.175801
License: Public Domain

DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
                              FOURTH DISTRICT

             NATIONAL EQUITY RECOVERY SERVICES, INC.,
                             Petitioner,

                                     v.

          IMPERIAL FUND TRUST 2019-I C/O WILMINGTON
                  SAVINGS FUND SOCIETY, FSB,
                          Respondent.

                              No. 4D22-1683

                              [May 24, 2023]

   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Circuit Court for the Seventeenth
Judicial Circuit, Broward County; Andrea Gundersen, Judge; L.T. Case
No. CACE21004018.

   Thomas J. Butler of Thomas Butler, P.A., Miami Beach, for petitioner.

   No appearance for respondent.

WARNER, J.

    Petitioner seeks certiorari review of a post-judgment order staying
proceedings pending the resolution of claims between competing parties
to surplus funds from a foreclosure sale. The trial court determined that
it did not have jurisdiction of the dispute and deferred any action on the
surplus until the dispute was resolved, even though no action had been
filed in any other jurisdiction. We grant the petition, concluding that the
court departed from the essential requirements of law by staying the action
until resolution of the dispute, when section 45.032, Florida Statutes
(2021), required the trial court to determine any claims to the surplus
proceeds.

    After final summary judgment in the underlying mortgage foreclosure
case, the property was sold at auction and a certificate of title issued. The
sale generated $260,785.39 in surplus funds. This surplus is at the crux
of this appeal.

   Get Liquid Funding (“GLF”) filed a motion to intervene in the mortgage
foreclosure case, seeking dispersal of the surplus funds as the record
owners/mortgage foreclosure defendants’ assignee.    The assignment
agreement between GLF and the record owners (“owners”) was attached to
the motion.

   Petitioner, National Equity Recovery Services, also an ostensible
assignee of the same owners, filed an objection to the motion to disperse
funds to GLF and moved for leave to intervene. In its objection to the
motion to disperse, petitioner alleged that GLF’s assignment was not
legally proper, because the assignment purported to take more than twelve
percent of the surplus funds in violation of section 45.033(3)(a)3.(d),
Florida Statutes (2021). Petitioner alleged that the owners had sent GLF
an assignment cancellation letter.

   Discovery between GLF and petitioner ensued. GLF filed a witness and
exhibit list, as did petitioner. GLF then filed an ex parte motion to compel
the owners to complete responses to requests for production and
interrogatories. Petitioner moved to cancel the hearing after filing a
response to GLF’s request for production on behalf of the owners. The trial
court proceeded with the hearing on the motion to compel despite
petitioner’s motion.

   After the hearing, the court entered an order denying the ex parte
motion to compel discovery as “premature” due to a dispute between GLF
and the owners over their assignment agreement. The court had reviewed
the agreement between GLF and the owners and noted that the agreement
set jurisdiction in Palm Beach County. The court determined that it lacked
jurisdiction to preside over their dispute. The court struck the evidentiary
hearing set on the surplus funds from the mortgage foreclosure sale and
deferred all actions on the surplus “until after such time as the surplus
contract dispute between GLF and [owners] has been resolved either by
agreement or by the Palm Beach County Court.” The court also ordered
that the surplus funds remain in the court registry “until further order of
this Court.”

   Petitioner filed a motion for rehearing, arguing that the noticed hearing
sought only to obtain an order on the motion to compel, but the court
granted unrequested relief—delaying surplus matters until the contractual
dispute was resolved. Petitioner maintained it was not on notice that
jurisdiction would be addressed at the hearing and that deferring
disbursement of the surplus funds was not in accord with Florida
Statutes. The court denied the motion for rehearing. Petitioner then filed
this petition for writ of certiorari.

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    Before a court may grant certiorari relief, the petitioner must establish
the following three elements: “(1) a departure from the essential
requirements of the law, (2) resulting in material injury for the remainder
of the case (3) that cannot be corrected on postjudgment appeal.” Cable
News Network, Inc. v. Black, 308 So. 3d 997, 1000 (Fla. 4th DCA 2020)
(quoting Williams v. Oken, 62 So. 3d 1129, 1132 (Fla. 2011)). The last two
elements are jurisdictional. Williams, 62 So. 3d at 1132.

   Petitioner contends it suffered irreparable harm when the trial court
refused to consider the disbursement of the surplus funds from the
judicial sale until after GLF and the owners resolved their dispute by
agreement or in the forum named in their assignment contract which was
Palm Beach County. GLF and the owners had no pending cause of action
in Palm Beach County.

    We agree that petitioner has satisfied the first two elements of certiorari
jurisdiction. Without notice, the trial court issued its sua sponte order
staying any proceedings involving disbursement of the surplus funds,
violating petitioner’s due process rights. The stay did not have any time
limit, because the order did not set parameters for the filing and resolution
of the Palm Beach County case between GLF and the owner, and no case
had been filed at the time of the hearing.

   In Smith v. St. Vil, 765 So. 2d 60 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000), which presented
a similar factual scenario, we held that a sua sponte stay of proceedings
for a lengthy period may constitute irreparable harm not remediable on
appeal. Id. at 61. The trial court had stayed the petitioner’s underlying
personal injury case until the petitioner neared completion of his nine-
year prison term, even though neither the petitioner nor the respondents
requested the stay. Id. We stated:

      Although the decision whether to grant or deny a stay is within
      the discretion of the trial court, where, as here, neither party
      has requested a stay and no sufficient basis for the lengthy
      stay appears in the record, delay of the entire proceedings may
      constitute a departure from the essential requirements of law
      and cause irreparable injury that cannot be remedied on final
      appeal.

Id.; see also Shake Consulting, LLC v. Suncruz Casinos, LLC, 781 So. 2d
494, 495 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001).

   Here, similar to Smith, the trial court deferred action on the surplus
funds from the judicial sale until a resolution of the contractual dispute

                                      3
between GLF and the owners. The court’s action was not requested by
either GLF or petitioner, and the delay in addressing the surplus funds for
the resolution of GLF and the owners’ contractual dispute had no definitive
ending date and could easily have continued for years.

   We also find that the trial court departed from the essential
requirements of law. Petitioner sought the disbursement of the surplus
funds from the judicial sale held by the Broward County Clerk in the
underlying foreclosure action. Section 45.032(3), Florida Statutes (2021),
provides:

      (b) If any person other than the owner of record claims an
      interest in the proceeds prior to the date that the clerk reports
      the surplus as unclaimed or if the owner of record files a claim
      for the surplus but acknowledges that one or more other
      persons may be entitled to part or all of the surplus, the court
      shall set an evidentiary hearing to determine entitlement to the
      surplus. At the evidentiary hearing, an equity assignee has the
      burden of proving that he or she is entitled to some or all of the
      surplus funds. The court may grant summary judgment to a
      subordinate lienholder prior to or at the evidentiary hearing.
      The court shall consider the factors in s. 45.033 when hearing
      a claim that any person other than a subordinate lienholder or
      the owner of record is entitled to the surplus funds.

(Emphasis added.). Section 45.033(3) sets forth the requirements to
qualify under the section as a valid assignment or transfer.

   Based on section 45.032(3)(b), the trial court was required to hold an
evidentiary hearing on the competing motions to release the surplus funds.
Courts are not free to deviate from the clear statutory process set forth for
the “distribution of surplus foreclosure proceeds” which “is governed by a
plain and unambiguous statutory procedure[.]” Corey v. Unknown Heirs
by Neuffer, 301 So. 3d 380, 383–84 (Fla. 2d DCA 2020). The trial court by
statute had jurisdiction to determine the competing claims.

   We conclude that the trial court departed from the essential
requirements of the law by failing to follow the statutory mandate of
section 45.032(3)(b) and by ordering a stay of the proceedings while the
parties litigated the assignment and the right to the funds in another
forum. This resulted in irreparable harm to petitioner not remediable on
direct appeal. We grant the petition and quash the order, remanding for
proceedings in accordance with the statute.

                                      4
KLINGENSMITH, C.J., and CIKLIN, J., concur.

                           *        *         *

   Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

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