Court Opinion

ID: 5170122
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-02 04:53:35.149488+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:26:02.818473
License: Public Domain

STEWART, C. J.
Parties to this action will be designated as follows: Trueman & Wunderlich, partners, plaintiffs; Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Co., as railway company; Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Railway Company, as railway company, purchaser; village of St. Maries, as village of St. Maries.
This action was instituted by the plaintiffs against the defendants to recover the sum of $3,000 claimed to be due the plaintiffs by reason of the acts of the defendants in vacating a certain street and granting a right of way to the railway company. The railway company filed a demurrer to this complaint. No further action was taken against the railway company. The village of St. Maries failed to appear in said action and its default was entered, and the cause was tried, findings of fact and conclusions of law were made, and a judgment entered in favor of the plaintiffs against the village of St. Maries for the sum of $3,000 damages. This appeal is from the judgment.
The respondents have filed a motion to dismiss the appeal. Two grounds were urged: First, that the transcript on appeal is not certified by the clerk, in that the clerk has not certified that the transcript contains a copy of the judgment-roll. We find, however, in the transcript a certificate of the clerk of the district court made on the 13th day of October, 1910, in which he certifies “that the foregoing judgment entered in *638the above-entitled action, and recorded in book 4 of Judgments on page 563, is a full, true and correct copy of the original judgment on file in the above-entitled action. And I further certify that the papers hereto annexed constitute the judgment-roll in said action.” The papers preceding this certificate consist of the complaint, the summons, the proof of service, demurrer of the Chicago, Milwaukee and Puget Sound Railway Co., and affidavit of service of demurrer of the Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Railway Company upon the plaintiffs, the findings of fact and conclusions of law made by the court as to the defendant the village of St. Maries, and the judgment. Following this certificate is the undertaking on appeal and notice of appeal and the certificate of the clerk of the district court of Kootenai county, certifying to the transcript “that the transcript contains a full and true and correct copy of the original papers now on file in my office in the above-entitled action,” etc., specifying all the papers filed in the case, and in addition he says: “9. Clerk’s Certificate of Judgment-roll.” We think this conclusively shows that the transcript contains the judgment-roll.
The second ground of the motion is that no undertaking on appeal was given. The undertaking on appeal is copied in the transcript and is in proper form and purports to have been executed by the village of St. Maries by O. E. Hailey, chairman of the board of trustees and the National Surety Company, by -. From this statement it appears that the bond was executed by the appellant, but was not signed by the surety company. The appellant, however, contends that in a case where an incorporated village under the laws of the state is either plaintiff or defendant, no bond or written undertaking or security can be required, and that such village has the same rights, remedies and benefits as if the bond, undertaking or security were given or approved, and in support of this contention cites sec. 4935 of the Rev. Codes: “In any civil action or proceeding wherein the state or the people •of the state, is a party plaintiff, or any state officer, in his official capacity, or on behalf of the state, or any county, or *639city, is a party plaintiff or defendant, no bond, written undertaking, or security can.be required of tbe state, or the people thereof, or any officer thereof, or of any county, or city; but on complying with the other provisions of this code, the state, or the people thereof, or any state officer acting in his official capacity, or any county or city, have the same rights, remedies, and benefits as if the bond, undertaking, or security were given and approved as required by this code. ’ ’
Counsel for respondénts, how.ever, answer this contention and claim that the word “city” as used in the above section does not include villages organized under the laws of this state, and was only intended as immunity to cities and not towns or villages. This court has in a number of instances held that in the law regulating the organization and government of cities and villages in this state the words “cities,” “villages” and “towns” have been used indiscriminately and one word for the other; and we have no doubt whatever but that the legislature intended in using the word “city” in the above act to include all municipal corporations organized under the laws of the state governing the organization of cities and villages, and to exempt the state and county, and all municipalities organized as such, as cities and villages.
The motion to dismiss the appeal is therefore denied.
Upon the argument and in the briefs of counsel for appellant but one question is presented upon which a reversal is asked, and that is: Does the complaint state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action ? If the complaint fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action against the village of St. Maries, then it does not support the judgment and the judgment must be reversed. (Rev. Codes, sec. 4178; Crowley v. Croesus Gold Min. Co., 12 Ida. 530, 86 Pac. 536.)
See. 11, art. 11 of the constitution of this state provides: “No street, or other railroad, shall be constructed within any city, town or incorporated village without the consent of the local authorities having the control of the street or highway proposed to be occupied by such street or other railroad.” And sec. 881 of the Rev. Codes provides: “Every .... rail-read corporation has power to lay conductors and tracks *640through the public ways and squares in any city, village, or town when it is established, with the consent of the municipal authorities thereof, and under such reasonable regulations, and for such compensation, as the authorities and the law prescribe.” Sec. 2807, Rev. Codes, provides: “No railroad corporation must use any street, alley, or highway, or any of the land or water within any incorporated city or town, unless the right to so use the same is granted by a two-thirds vote of the town or city authority from which the right must emanate.” This provision of the constitution and the provisions of the statute would seem to confer the right upon the railway company to construct its railroad within a city or village and across the streets upon the consent of the city, town or village, and no condition seems to have been required upon the part of the city or village except the city’s or village’s consent. Counsel for respondents, however, call attention to the provisions of subds. 26 and 27 of sec. 2238 of the Rev. Codes of the state which provide as follows: “Twenty-sixth. Open, widen or otherwise improve or vacate any street, avenue, alley or lane, in the limits of the city or village; and also create, open and improve any new street, avenue, alley or lane: Provided, That all damages sustained by the citizens of the city or village or of the owners of the property therein shall be ascertained in such manner as shall be provided by ordinance: Provided, further, That whenever any street, avenue, alley or lane shall be vacated, the same shall revert to the owner of the adjacent real estate, one-half on each side thereof.”
“Twenty-seventh. Create, open, widen or extend any street, avenue, alley or lane, or annul, vacate or discontinue the same whenever deemed expedient for the public good, and to take private property for public use or for the purpose of giving right of way or other privileges to any railroad company, or for the purpose of erecting or establishing market houses or market places, or for any other necessary public purpose: Provided, however, That in all cases the city or village shall make the person or persons whose property shall be taken or injured thereby adequate compensation therefor, *641to be determined by the assessment of five disinterested holders, who shall be elected and compensated as may be prescribed by ordinance, and who shall, in the discharge of their duties, act under oath faithfully and impartially to make the assessment to be submitted.”
In order, therefore, to allege a cause of action against the village of St. Maries for damages, resulting from the acts of the village in granting a franchise or right of way to a railway company upon the streets of said village, or for damages resulting from the vacation and abandonment of a street and its abandonment to the exclusive use of a railway company, it is necessary that allegations be made showing the facts which result in the granting of such right of way, and the facts showing the vacation and abandonment of such street; and in alleging such facts a full compliance with the requirements of the statute and the ordinances of said village must appear from such allegations. Turning now to the complaint, we find that in paragraph 4 it is alleged in substance that the railway company made application to the village of St. Maries for permission to lay its line of railway across Second avenue, in said village, and that the village gave said railway company permission to lay its tracks upon the condition that the railway company furnish to said village a bond to indemnify it for any damage that it might suffer or become liable for by reason of said tracks being laid upon and across said street. And in paragraph 5 of the complaint it is alleged in substance that the railway company did lay its track upon said street and in so doing made a large cut of the depth of twenty feet, and sixty feet in width, and in such manner that said street for its entire width, and for a distance of about one hundred feet in length, was completely taken and blocked by said railway company; and in paragraph 6 of the complaint it is alleged that in granting said privilege the village of St. Maries failed to have the damages to abutting or adjoining property owners ascertained by commissioners or appraisers, and that no commissioners or appraisers ever ascertained the damage to be paid to the plaintiffs who were adjoining property owners; and it is further alleged that the *642village was without jurisdiction to grant such right of way or permission to cross said street. By such allegations the complaint clearly shows that the right to construct the railway upon the streets was no more than a permission or license to construct the same, and upon condition that a bond be given for any damages resulting to the village. There is no allegation whatever that any ordinance was enacted by the village trustees, or the nature or extent of the right granted. Whatever right was granted by the village could only be granted by virtue of a proper ordinance enacted by the village, and the extent and character of the right granted depends wholly upon the terms of the ordinance, and to show clearly what was granted and the obligations of the railway company, it is necessary to set forth such ordinance in order to show the facts.
In paragraph 6 of the complaint it is alleged that damages to abutting or adjoining property were not appraised and ascertained, and because of this fact it is alleged that the village was without jurisdiction and without any right whatever to grant said right of way or permission to cross said street. The damages to be appraised under the provisions of subds. 26 and 27 of see. 2238 of the Rev. Codes are damages and injuries resulting from the vacation of a street and the taking of the same either by the city for its exclusive use, or the granting of the right to take the same to a railway company or any other company making exclusive use of the same. And under the constitution and the statute a city has no right to condemn or vacate a street for the private use of a railway company until full compensation has been made for all injury which would result from such taking. Therefore under the allegations of the complaint there was no complete vacation or condemnation of the street because compensation was not assessed or ascertained, as provided by law, and the village had no authority to vacate said street in the sense of condemning it for the exclusive use of the railway company. If, however, the allegations of the complaint are taken to be sufficient to show that the village was acting within its power in permitting the railway company to *643take possession and occupy the street within the village of St. Maries, and by so doing the public were excluded therefrom, and the plaintiffs in this case were denied access to and from their property and thereby injured, still, under the law, the damage thus sustained resulted from the trespass and wrong committed by the railway company, and not the village. The village was only acting under its governmental powers granted to it by the constitution and statutes of the state, and if the village granted the right of way to the railway company for the laying of the railway company’s tracks, the village of St. Maries was exercising the power granted to said village to regulate and control the use of its streets, and was exercising its functions as a governmental agency of the state, and the grant was made by the village in its governmental and not in its proprietary capacity. (People v. Chicago Telephone Co., 245 Ill. 121, 91 N. E. 65; Murphey v. Chicago R. I. & P. I. R. Co., 247 Ill. 614, 93 N. E. 381; State v. Superior Court, 105 Wis. 651, 81 N. W. 1046, 48 L. R. A. 819; Grand Trunk Ry. Co. v. City of South Bend, 174 Ind. 203, 89 N. E. 885.)
In the case of Sorensen v. Town of Greeley, 10 Colo. 369, 15 Pac. 803, the supreme court of the state of Colorado, in discussing the liability of a municipality for damages resulting from the vacation of a street and the granting of a right of way to a railway company to lay tracks thereon, and the occupancy of said street by such railway company, says: “In no view of the case can the town be held liable for the injury resulting from such disturbance of the flume and lateral of the plaintiff. The granting of a right of way on a street for a railway by a municipality does not create a liability against the municipality for the damages occasioned by the corporation exercising the rights so granted. The liability in such ease is against the corporation exercising and enjoying such rights. (City of Denver v. Bayer, 7 Colo. 113, 2 Pac. 6.) ”
In the ease of Jordan v. Benwood, 42 W. Va. 312, 57 Am. St. 859, 26 S. E. 266, 36 L. R. A. 519, the supreme court of West Virginia reviews the facts in a case very similar to the one now under consideration, and says: ‘ ‘ The change of grade on the street was made by a street railroad company under *644authority from the city. Is the city liable at all? I have found no law asserting the liability of the city. It grants authority, a mere license, under sanction of the legislature, for the construction of railroads in the street, but does not become guarantor for all damages resulting to abutting owners. The railroad is not its work, nor performing as officer or agent of the city the functions incumbent on it, whether an ordinary or street passenger railway. It makes no difference that city officers overlooked the work to see that no violation of the public interest occurred. I have found no law holding the city liable, and none is cited, but several show the reverse. Burkam v. Ohio & M. R. Co., 122 Ind. 344, 23 N. E. 799, held that the city, in such grant, does not deprive the adjoining owner of his proprietary right in the street; but grants only a privilege under power given by the sovereign, and is not liable for merely exercising this right; and where there is any right to compensation, it is against the railroad company, not the city.”
In the case of Frith v. City of Dubuque, 45 Iowa, 406, the supreme court of Iowa, in discussing this question, says: “As the. cause must be reversed for the errors above discussed, it is not necessary to determine the effect of the failure of the city to make a separate defense in the court below. We do not believe the city is liable. It may by ordinance permit the use of a street for a railway. The railway company accepts the grant subject to liability for any damages which may be sustained by individuals, by an improper construction of the road, or unauthorized use of the street. The use of the street under such permission or grant cannot make the city liable in damages.”
In 3 Abbott on Municipal Corporations, sec. 841, the author, after reviewing the authorities upon the use of highways by steam railways, says: “Since the legislature directly or indirectly can authorize the use of a highway by either a steam or street railroad, the right of the abutter, if any, is against the railroad company and not against the public corporation.” And the author cites Bancroft v. City of San Diego, 120 Cal. 342, 52 Pac. 712; Burkam v. Ohio & M. R. Co., 122 Ind. *645344, 23 N. E. 799; Duke v. Baltimore & C. V. R. Extension Co., 129 Pa. 422; 18 Atl. 566. Many other authorities might be cited upon this particular question, a few of which we find to be, Terry v. Richmond, 94 Va. 527, 27 S. E. 429, 38 L. R. A. 834; Dillnebach v. Xenia, 41 Ohio St. 207; Laager et al. v. City of San Antonio (Tex. Civ. App.), 57 S. W. 61; Elliott on Roads and Streets, 2d ed., see. 702; Dillon’s Mun. Corp., secs. 767, 768.
It appears to us, therefore, from the allegations of the complaint that notwithstanding the fact that the village of St. Maries may have granted the railway company a right of way over and across certain streets within the village and in doing so complied with the law as to granting such right of way, and thereafter the railway company took possession of the streets and excavated the same, and damage has resulted therefrom, still the cause of the wrong and injury was the acts of the railway company alone, and not the village.
Counsel for respondents, however, in their brief finally argue: “This is not a case where the village trustees have attempted to do something which the statute does not give them any authority to do whatever, as the statute gives them authority to vacate the street, but provides the manner in which the damages must be assessed, and it is because of the failure of the village trustees to assess the damages upon the doing of the act which the statute gives them the right to do that this action is maintained, and not because of the fact that the village trustees have proceeded to carry out some object for which they have no authority whatever.” If, therefore, the action is for the sole purpose of recovering damages because the village trustees failed to assess damages to the property adjoining the street, then it would have been necessary to have alleged facts showing the condemnation and assessment and payment of such assessment, under subds. 26 and 27 of sec. 2238 of the Rev. Codes. But these allegations have not been made in the complaint and there are not facts alleged from which the conclusion can be reached that the village attempted in any way to 'condemn or take property under the authority of these two subdivisions of sec. 2238. *646The village had the authority and power to proceed under these subdivisions, but it was not compelled to do so, and if it did not so proceed, then no liability would arise under such provisions, and the complaint fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action for the purpose of recovering damages for failure to assess damages under said provisions. So, whatever view may be taken as to the object and purpose of the action, the complaint fails to state facts which constitute a cause of action against the village. The judgment is reversed. Costs awarded to the appellants.
Ailshie and Sullivan, JJ., concur.