Court Opinion

ID: 6347314
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-06-06 19:01:34.296803+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:26:20.780537
License: Public Domain

Filed 6/6/22 Kirby v. Toplean CA3
                                           NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
                                      THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                                         (Placer)
                                                            ----

WILLIAM W. KIRBY,                                                                             C093453

                   Plaintiff and Respondent,                                        (Super. Ct. No. S-CV-
                                                                                          0043355)
         v.

PETE TOPLEAN,

                   Defendant and Appellant.

         Defendant Pete Toplean appeals from the trial court’s denial of his motion to set
aside a default judgment. He raises various claims, none of which has merit.
Consequently, we affirm the judgment.

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                               FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS
       Factual Background
       The following factual recitation summarizes the facts as described by plaintiff’s
first amended complaint.
       In 2015, defendant built a home in Auburn as an owner-builder without a
contractor’s license. Once construction was finished, defendant changed his mind and
decided to sell the home. Plaintiff purchased the property. In 2016, plaintiff transferred
title to the property into a trust.
       Plaintiff subsequently noticed numerous cracks beginning to form in the large
columns supporting the roof. The rear patio also had sunk more than six inches in the
corner. In May 2019, plaintiff gave defendant written notice pursuant to Civil Code
section 910, which defendant did not answer. Plaintiff believed that defendant was aware
of the issues before selling the property, but he made material misrepresentations and
omissions regarding the extent of the defects.
       Procedural History
       Plaintiff filed a complaint on July 29, 2019. Defendant did not answer, and on
September 19 plaintiff filed a request for entry of default. On February 10, 2020,
plaintiff amended the complaint to specify the amount of alleged damages. On March 2,
plaintiff filed proof that defendant was served with the amended complaint and summons.
Defendant did not answer the amended complaint, and plaintiff filed a new request for
entry of default on May 15 and again on May 18.
       On July 14, 2020, defendant first appeared in the case at a case management
conference, and the court granted defendant a continuance to September 1 to allow him to
file a motion to set aside the default. Defendant did not file anything by that date, and on
September 1 the trial court approved plaintiff’s request for entry of default judgment and
awarded damages of $182,916 plus postjudgment interest.

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        On September 28, 2020, defendant moved to set aside the default judgment on the
basis of inadvertence, surprise, mistake, or excusable neglect. He asserted that he “relied
upon [his] Insurance company to handle the deficiencies of the property,” and that he
otherwise would have answered the complaint.
        On December 8, 2020, the trial court denied defendant’s motion. The court
concluded: “Defendant fails to establish that his failure to timely respond to the first
amended complaint was due to inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect, or that default
could have been avoided through the exercise of ordinary care. [Citation.] Defendant’s
unsupported claim that he ‘relied upon my insurance company to handle the deficiencies
of the property’, does not constitute excusable neglect, inad vertence or surprise such that
his failure to respond to the lawsuit would be justified.”
        On that same day, defendant filed a motion to reconsider and a motion to stay the
judgment pending appeal. On January 15, 2021, the trial court denied defendant’s
motions. The court noted defendant’s motion to reconsider was procedurally deficient
because it lacked an affidavit identifying new or different facts, circumstances, or law
that he was unable to present to the court at the time of the initial hearing. The court
denied defendant’s motion to stay because he failed to show that he had perfected an
appeal or that an undertaking had been given.
        Defendant filed a notice of appeal in the trial court on January 24, 2021, which
was received by this court on February 1. Defendant purported to appeal the court’s
January 15, 2021, order denying his motion for reconsideration, but that order is not
appealable. (Code Civ. Proc., § 1008, subd. (g) [denial of a reconsideration motion is not
separately appealable]; Young v. Tri-City Healthcare Dist. (2012) 210 Cal.App.4th 35,
51.)1 Accordingly, we construe defendant’s notice of appeal as appealing from the

1   Further undesignated statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.

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court’s December 8, 2020, order denying his motion to set aside the default judgment.
The case was fully briefed in March 2022 and was assigned to the current panel on March
30, 2022. The parties waived argument and the case was submitted on May 24, 2022.
                                       DISCUSSION
                                              I
               Denial of Defendant’s Motion to Set Aside Default Judgment
       Defendant raises multiple arguments, none of which has merit. First, he contends
that he had six months to move to set aside the default judgment, but he fails to explain
why that is relevant here, where the trial court did not deny his motion based on
timeliness, but rather on the basis that he did not show his failure to respond to plaintiff’s
first amended complaint was due to inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect, or that
default could have been avoided through the exercise of ordinary care. Accordingly, the
length of time he had to file his motion is irrelevant to the court’s denial of his motion.
       Second, defendant claims the trial court entered a default judgment “arbitrarily and
prematurely.” We disagree. Plaintiff filed proof of service of the amended complaint
and summons on March 2, 2020, and plaintiff filed requests for entry of default on May
15 and May 18. The trial court granted defendant a continuance until September 1, by
which date he was required to file a motion to set aside the default. Having failed to file
his motion by that date, the trial court approved plaintiff’s request for entry of default
judgment. The court entered the default judgment nearly six months after defendant had
been served with the amended complaint and summons, and only after the court had
given defendant 50 days to file a motion to set aside the default. (See §§ 471.5
[defendant shall answer amended complaint within 30 days after service thereof]; 586,
subd. (a)(1) [judgment shall be rendered if defendant fails to answer amended complaint
within 30 days after service thereof].) Defendant presents no coherent argument as to
why the trial court’s entry of a default judgment was arbitrary or premature.

                                              4
       Third, defendant argues that all of plaintiff’s filings before his first amended
complaint are null and void. An amended complaint supersedes all prior complaints (Lee
v. Bank of America (1994) 27 Cal.App.4th 197, 215), but we do not see how that is
relevant to defendant’s appeal.
       Fourth, defendant contends the trial court clerk was not authorized to enter
judgment pursuant to section 585, subdivision (a). In an action seeking recovery of
money or damages only, where defendant has failed to answer the complaint and plaintiff
has filed a written application and proof of service of summons, the clerk of court “shall
enter the default of the defendant . . . , so served, and immediately thereafter enter
judgment for the principal amount demanded in the complaint.” (§ 585, subd. (a).) Here,
the complaint expressly alleged a definite, fixed amount of damages.
       Fifth and finally, defendant argues that he has been deprived of his day in court
based on the trial court’s “finding his motion to set aside the default judgment to be
moot.” But the trial court did not find defendant’s motion to set aside the default
judgment to be moot. Rather, the trial court denied the motion on the merits on the basis
that defendant failed to establish that his failure to respond to the first amended complaint
was due to inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect, or that default could have been
avoided through the exercise of ordinary care.
       A trial court’s ruling on a motion to set aside a default judgment is reviewed for
abuse of discretion. (Rodriguez v. Cho (2015) 236 Cal.App.4th 742, 749.) Defendant has
not shown that the trial court abused its discretion in denying his motion to set aside the
default judgment.

                                              5
                                    DISPOSITION
       The judgment is affirmed. Costs are awarded to the plaintiff. (Cal. Rules of
Court, rule 8.278(a).)

                                                      /s/
                                                Duarte, J.

We concur:

      /s/
Hull, Acting P. J.

     /s/
Renner, J.

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