Court Opinion

ID: 4102315
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-11-24 01:21:37.163161+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:46:03.756428
License: Public Domain

Reversed and Rendered in part, Remanded in Part, Affirmed in Part, and
Opinion filed November 22, 2016.

                                      In the

                    Fourteenth Court of Appeals

                              NO. 14-15-00865-CV

 CITY OF HOUSTON, SYLVESTER TURNER, KELLY DOWE, CHRIS
BROWN, BRENDA STARDIG, JERRY DAVIS, ELLEN COHEN, DWIGHT
   BOYKINS, DAVE MARTIN, STEVE LE, GREG TRAVIS, KARLA
 CISNEROS, ROBERT GALLEGOS, MIKE LASTER, LARRY GREEN,
  MIKE KNOX, DAVID ROBINSON, MICHAEL KUBOSH, AMANDA
          EDWARDS, AND JACK CHRISTIE, Appellants

                                        V.
   HOUSTON MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEE PENSION SYSTEM, Appellee

                   On Appeal from the 333rd District Court
                            Harris County, Texas
                      Trial Court Cause No. 2015-35252

                                OPINION

      Appellee Houston Municipal Employees Pension System (“HMEPS”)
brought a verified petition against appellants City of Houston (the “City”), Annise
D. Parker, Kelly Dowe, Ronald C. Green, Brenda Stardig, Jerry Davis, Ellen
Cohen, Dwight Boykins, Dave Martin, Richard Nguyen, Oliver Pennington, Ed
Gonzalez, Robert Gallegos, Mike Laster, Larry Green, Stephen Costello, David
Robinson, Michael Kubosh, C.O. “Brad” Bradford, and Jack Christie (collectively,
the “City appellants”1) for writs of mandamus compelling the City appellants (1) to
provide requested employee information, as required by article 6243h, “Municipal
Pension System in cities of 1,500,000 or more,” and the Texas Public Information
Act (“TPIA”); and (2) to allocate funding in the City budgets to cover HMEPS
members and to make pickup payments on their behalf, as required by article
6243h. See Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h (West 2010); Tex. Gov’t Code
Ann. §§ 552.221, 552.321 (West 2012). The City appellants filed a plea to the
jurisdiction, which the trial court denied. The City appellants appealed.

       Because we determine that the trial court erred in denying the City
appellants’ plea to the jurisdiction regarding the City’s alleged failures to comply
with article 6243h, we reverse and render judgment on those claims. With regard
to HMEPS’s mandamus claims against the City officials regarding their alleged
failures to fund pension contributions, we reverse and remand with instructions for
the trial court to provide HMEPS a reasonable opportunity to properly plead ultra
vires claims. We affirm the trial court’s denial of the City appellants’ plea to the
jurisdiction regarding the City officials’ alleged failures to comply with the
information disclosure requirements of article 6243h.              With regard to alleged
failures to comply with the TPIA, we affirm the trial court’s denial of the City

       1
         Pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 7.2(a), we have substituted the names of
the current City officers as Sylvester Turner for Mayor Parker, Chris Brown for Controller
Green, and Steve Le, Greg Travis, Karla Cisneros, Mike Knox, and Amanda Edwards, for
Councilmembers Nguyen, Pennington, Gonzalez, Costello, and Bradford.

                                              2
appellants’ plea to the jurisdiction as to the City, and we reverse the denial of the
City appellants’ plea and render judgment as to such claims against defendants
other than the City or its officer for public information.

                 I.   FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

      In 2011, the City announced plans to remove employees from its Convention
and Entertainment Facilities Department, which historically had operated and
maintained municipal convention and entertainment facilities, and to outsource
these services and employees to local government corporation Houston First
Corporation (“HFC”).       In response, HMEPS’s board of trustees adopted a
resolution that the definition of “employee” in article 6243h includes full-time
employees of local government corporations controlled by the City, upon a
determination by the board’s External Affairs Committee.

      The City then formed nonprofit corporation Houston First Foundation
(“HFF”) and indicated that HFF would employ all the City employees who were to
have joined HFC. The HMEPS board adopted another resolution reiterating its
construction of “employee” and announcing that employees of any entity
controlled directly or indirectly by the City are considered employees for purposes
of membership in the pension system unless the External Affairs Committee
expressly determines otherwise.

      Then the City formed another nonprofit corporation called Convention and
Cultural Services, Inc. (“CCSI”), to operate in conjunction with HFC whereby
CCSI would employ and lease the workforce to its only client HFC. The External
Affairs Committee issued a resolution that these leased workers would remain as
members of the pension plan as part of a control group.

      The City transferred its convention and entertainment services and

                                           3
employees to HFC and CCSI accordingly. Certain individuals who began working
for CCSI but otherwise were eligible to retire sought retirement benefits from
HMEPS. Other individuals working for CCSI sought to defer retirement status and
to stop having contributions to HMEPS deducted from their salaries. After the
External Affairs Committee concluded that these individuals all remained
employees and members of the pension system, such individuals (the “Klumb
plaintiffs”) filed suit against HMEPS and its board (the “HMEPS defendants”),
alleging ultra vires and breach-of-contract claims.2 The City joined this suit as to
the ultra vires claims.

      The HMEPS defendants filed a plea to the jurisdiction, arguing that article
6243h precludes judicial review of the HMEPS board’s “final and binding”
decisions interpreting the statute and determining eligibility for membership and
benefits, and that sovereign immunity bars the breach-of-contract claims because
violation of a meet-and-confer agreement (“MCA”) cannot serve as an ultra vires
claim. The trial court granted the HMEPS defendants’ plea and dismissed the
Klumb plaintiffs’ and the City’s claims, and the First Court of Appeals affirmed
that decision. Klumb v. Houston Mun. Employees Pension Sys., 405 S.W.3d 204,
228 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013), aff’d, 458 S.W.3d 1 (Tex. 2015).

      On review, the Texas Supreme Court affirmed. The Klumb Court concluded
that as a matter of law the HMEPS board did not act ultra vires in issuing its
resolutions construing the term “employee” and instead acted within its
unreviewable, discretionary authority to interpret the statute under article 6243h.
See Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 2(x),3 (y)4; Klumb, 458 S.W.3d at 10–

      2
          The Klumb plaintiffs also alleged various constitutional violations not at issue here.
      3
          Under section 2(x):
      The pension board shall manage the pension fund under this Act and under the

                                                  4
11 (“The breadth of the pension board’s authority under Article 6243h is
inescapable. . . . Courts may not review the board’s actions absent a manifest
conflict with express statutory terms.”).

       Next, the Klumb Court determined that there were no viable ultra vires
claims in connection with the HMEPS board’s delegation of decision-making
authority to the External Affairs Committee allegedly in violation of a July 2011
MCA between HMEPS and the City. 458 S.W.3d at 12. The Klumb Court noted
that article 6243h expressly permits such delegation. See Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann.
art. 6243h, § 3(k)5; Klumb, 458 S.W.3d at 12. The Klumb plaintiffs and the City

       Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and may:
       (1) adopt, for the administration of the pension fund, written rules and guidelines;
       (2) interpret and construe this Act and any summary plan, descriptions, or benefits
       procedures, except that each construction must meet any qualification
       requirements established under Section 401, Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
       amended;
       (3) correct any defect, supply any omission, and reconcile any inconsistency that
       appears in this Act in a manner and to the extent that the pension board considers
       expedient to administer this Act for the greatest benefit of all members;
       (4) determine all questions, whether legal or factual, relating to eligibility for
       membership, service, or benefits or relating to the administration of the pension
       fund to promote the uniform administration of the pension fund for the benefit of
       all members and retirees; and
       (5) establish and maintain records necessary or appropriate for the proper
       administration of the pension fund.
Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 2(x).
       4
          Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 2(y) (“The determination of any fact by the
pension board and the pension board’s interpretation of this Act are final and binding on any
interested party, including members, deferred participants, retirees, eligible survivors,
beneficiaries, and the city.”).
       5
          Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 3(k) (“On majority vote of the trustees, the
pension board may allocate among the trustees the responsibilities of the pension board under
this Act and may designate any person who is not a trustee, including the executive director and
other employees, to carry out the responsibilities of the pension board under this Act.”).

                                                5
argued that the July 2011 MCA amended the statute and divested the board of its
delegation power, and therefore because the resolution violated the terms of the
MCA, it was ultra vires. Klumb, 458 S.W.3d at 12. The Klumb Court rejected this
argument. Id. In doing so, the Court explained, regardless of whether the parties
deem the contract to amend the statute, noncompliance with a contract such as the
MCA does not give rise to an ultra vires claim, but rather presents a breach-of-
contract claim that cannot be maintained absent a waiver of sovereign immunity,
which was not alleged or supported on the record before the Court. See id. The
Court concluded that the Klumb plaintiffs and the City failed to plead actionable
claims against the HMEPS defendants. Id. at 17.

       In April 2015, HMEPS sent a letter to Dowe, the Director of the City’s
Finance Department, and Dawn Ullrich, who was the Director of the City’s
Convention and Entertainment Facilities Department as well as President of HFC
and HFF and Director of CCSI, requesting that they designate a person who would
provide employee and payroll information to HMEPS. HMEPS also requested
various information for HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees. In May 2015, HMEPS
sent two additional requests—one to Mayor Parker and one to Ullrich. According
to HMEPS, the City appellants refused to provide all of the requested information.
HMEPS further alleged that the City’s fiscal year 2016 budget failed to allocate to
HMEPS the necessary finds to cover the HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees and to
account for the pickup contributions.

       In June 2015, HMEPS filed suit against the City appellants. 6              HMEPS
petitioned for a writ of mandamus to compel the City appellants to provide
statutorily-required and requested employee information now and in the future.
       6
         HMEPS also filed claims against HFC, HFF, CCSI, and Ullrich. The trial court later
granted HMEPS’s motion for a partial nonsuit without prejudice as to these defendants.

                                            6
HMEPS alleged that its board’s interpretation of the term “employee” was final
and binding on the City under article 6243h and Klumb. HMEPS alleged that by
refusing to provide information on the HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees the City
appellants failed to perform a purely ministerial function required by article 6243h
and acted ultra vires. HMEPS also alleged that the City appellants violated the
TPIA by refusing to provide the requested employee information.

      In addition, HMEPS petitioned for a writ of mandamus to compel the City
appellants to allocate funding in the current and all future proposed City budgets to
include the contributions owed for HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees’ salaries as
members of the pension system and to make pickup payments on their behalf.
HMEPS alleged that article 6243h requires the City to make periodic payments to
the pension fund in an amount based on the combined salaries of all the
“members” of the system, as judicially confirmed to include all HFC, HFF, and
CCSI employees. Further, HMEPS alleged that article 6243h requires the City to
pick up and pay any biweekly contributions made by the contributing members of
the fund. By refusing to perform such purely ministerial acts required by article
6243h, HMEPS alleged that the City appellants acted ultra vires. HMEPS sought a
writ a mandamus to compel the City appellants to allocate funding in the current
budget for the statutorily-required payments of 27.36% of the payroll of the HFC,
HFF, and CCSI employees, to make such allocated payments, and to make such
allocations and payments in the future. According to HMEPS, the manner for
calculating the City’s contributions to HMEPS comes from a July 2011 MCA
entered into between the City and HMEPS, which “agreement is enforceable and
binding” on the City under article 6243h.

      The City filed a counterclaim against HMEPS and a third-party action
against the members of the HMEPS board.            The City alleged that HMEPS

                                            7
breached the MCA by seeking to impose a unilateral amendment of the MCA
retroactively and by delegating authority to the External Affairs Committee. The
City alleged it was entitled to a declaratory judgment that HMEPS breached the
MCA, that HMEPS cannot enforce any alleged duties regarding pension
contributions under the MCA which arise from its own breach, and that the City
has not breached the MCA. The City also alleged ultra vires claims to correct
HMEPS’s violation of its statutory obligations related to its attempts to change the
definition of “employee.” In the alternative, conditioned on HMEPS’s prevailing
on its claims, the City requested declaratory and injunctive relief to prohibit
inverse condemnation. The City further requested declaratory and injunctive relief
to correct actions that are arbitrary and capricious, adversely affect property rights,
or otherwise violate constitutional rights. The City petitioned for mandamus relief
to correct clear abuses of discretion by HMEPS and its board. Finally, the City
alleged that HMEPS and its board violated the Open Meetings Act.

       The City appellants answered and, among other defenses, pleaded immunity
from suit as a jurisdictional bar and lack of standing. HMEPS and its board
answered and, among other defenses, likewise pleaded immunity from suit and
from liability.

       It is the City’s immunity at issue here. The City appellants filed a plea to the
jurisdiction arguing:

            that HMEPS’s claims against the City for alleged ultra vires acts
              under article 6243h and the TPIA were barred because such claims are
              only allowed against government officials (issues I(f) & I(g))7;

       7
         Because the City appellants’ plea arguments are organized in a slightly different manner
on appeal, our numbers correspond to the appellate briefing. “I” and “II” reference the City
appellants’ two issues, and “a” through “h” reference the eight subissues in their first issue.

                                               8
          that HMEPS’s claims seeking statutory contributions (a) as calculated
            based on the MCA formula were barred because contractual
            obligations cannot be the basis of ultra vires claims and (b) for past
            periods were barred because only prospective relief is allowed under
            the ultra vires exception to immunity (issues I(a) & I(b));

          that HMEPS’s claims seeking contributions and disclosure of
            information were barred because article 6243h is too vague and
            imprecise to create a ministerial duty (issue I(d));

          that HMEPS’s claims seeking budgetary appropriation and allocation
            were barred as discretionary acts (issue I(e));

          that to the extent HMEPS requests enforcement of article 6243h rather
            than the MCA, HMEPS’s claims seeking contributions were barred
            because it cannot prove a statutory violation (issue I(c));

          that HMEPS’s claims seeking disclosure of information were barred
            because (a) HMEPS modified its request under a rule 11 agreement
            and the City appellants have not refused to provide requisite
            information in their possession and (b) HMEPS should not have
            nonsuited the entities in actual possession of the requested
            information and, regardless, could use third-party discovery or TPIA
            requests to obtain information from CCSI (issue I(h)); and

          that HMEPS has no standing under article 6243h (issue II).

      To their plea, the City appellants attached: article VIII, “City Controller,” of
the City Charter; an email dated June 24, 2015, from the City attorney to trial
counsel for HMEPS regarding a spreadsheet on employees who worked for the
Convention and Entertainment Facilities Department; and the articles of

                                          9
incorporation of Houston Convention Center Hotel Corporation.

      HMEPS filed its opposition to the City appellants’ plea, arguing Klumb
made clear that the HMEPS board had the authority to define HFC, HFF, and
CCSI employees as City “employees” for purposes of membership in the fund and
therefore the City must comply with article 6243h and the TPIA with regard to
these individuals. HMEPS contended that ultra vires claims are excepted from
governmental immunity and that section 3(n) of article 6243h specifically provides
that MCAs are binding and enforceable against the City. HMEPS also emphasized
that the City appellants asserted counterclaims invoking the trial court’s
jurisdiction for their own benefit.

      To its opposition, HMEPS attached: the May 2011 plea-to-the-jurisdiction
hearing from Klumb; the HMEPS 2014 actuarial valuation report; corporate
documents of the Houston Convention Center Hotel Corporation, later renamed
HFC; corporate documents of HFF; corporate documents of CCSI; the 2011
Interlocal Agreement between the City and Houston Convention Center Hotel
Corporation; and the 2011 Services Agreement between HFC and CCSI.

      The trial court held a hearing on the City appellants’ plea and issued an
order denying the plea. The City appellants timely appealed. See Tex. Civ. Prac.
& Rem. Code Ann. § 51.014(a)(8) (West 2015).

                                  II.   ANALYSIS

      The City appellants bring two issues. In the first issue, presented in eight
subissues, they contend that the trial court has no subject-matter jurisdiction
because all of HMEPS’s claims against the City appellants are barred by immunity.
In the second issue, the City appellants assert that the trial court has no jurisdiction
because HMEPS has no standing under article 6243h to bring this suit.

                                          10
A. Governing law
      Governmental immunity protects State agencies and political subdivisions,
as well as officers and employees acting within their official capacity, from
lawsuits for damages unless immunity has been waived. See City of El Paso v.
Heinrich, 284 S.W.3d 366, 369–70 (Tex. 2009); Reata Constr. Corp. v. City of
Dallas, 197 S.W.3d 371, 374 & n.1 (Tex. 2006); Sumner v. Bd. of Adjustment of
City of Spring Valley Vill., No. 14-15-00149-CV, 2016 WL 2935881, at *9 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] May 17, 2016, pet. denied) (mem. op.). Immunity
generally deprives courts of subject-matter jurisdiction. Reata, 197 S.W.3d at 374;
Sumner, 2016 WL 2935881, at *9.

      Governmental immunity does not, however, bar ultra vires claims seeking to
compel a governmental officer to comply with statutory or constitutional
provisions. See Heinrich, 284 S.W.3d at 371–72. To fall within this ultra vires
exception, the party filing a suit must not complain of a government officer’s
exercise of discretion, but rather must allege, and ultimately prove, that the officer
acted without legal authority or failed to perform a purely ministerial act. See id. at
372. Such a suit, in effect, does not seek to alter government policy; it seeks to
reassert the control of and enforce existing policy of the governmental entity. Id.
at 372. Because these suits are not considered to be suits against the governmental
entity, they must be brought against the allegedly responsible government actors in
their official capacities.   Id. at 373.   The exception permits only prospective
declaratory or injunctive relief restraining ultra vires conduct, as opposed to
retrospective monetary relief. Id. at 374–77; Sumner, 2016 WL 2935881, at *9.

      Because “immunity from suit implicates courts’ subject-matter jurisdiction,”
Rusk State Hosp. v. Black, 392 S.W.3d 88, 91 (Tex. 2012), it “is properly asserted
in a plea to the jurisdiction,” Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133

                                           11
S.W.3d 217, 226 (Tex. 2004). We review a trial court’s ruling on a plea to the
jurisdiction de novo. Klumb, 458 S.W.3d at 8. When a plea to the jurisdiction
challenges the pleadings, we determine if the pleader has alleged facts that
affirmatively demonstrate the court’s jurisdiction to hear the cause. Heinrich, 284
S.W.3d at 378. In doing so, we construe the pleadings liberally in the pleader’s
favor and look to his intent.      Id.   Only if the pleadings affirmatively negate
jurisdiction should the plea to the jurisdiction be granted without affording the
plaintiffs an opportunity to replead. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 226–27. The pleader
“deserves the opportunity to amend his pleadings if the defects can be cured.” Tex.
A & M Univ. Sys. v. Koseoglu, 233 S.W.3d 835, 840 (Tex. 2007).

      If a plea to the jurisdiction challenges the existence of jurisdictional facts,
we consider relevant evidence submitted by the parties when necessary to resolve
the jurisdictional issues. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 227. The movant must meet the
summary-judgment standard of proof by conclusively demonstrating that the trial
court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction. See id. at 227–28. We credit as true all
evidence favoring the nonmovant and draw all reasonable inferences and resolve
any doubts in the nonmovant’s favor. Id. at 228. If the evidence creates a fact
question regarding the jurisdictional issue, the trial court may not grant the plea,
and the fact issue will be resolved at trial by the factfinder.          Id. at 227–28.
However, if relevant evidence is undisputed or fails to raise a fact question on the
jurisdictional issue, then the trial court rules on the plea as a matter of law. Id.

B. HMEPS’s alleged ultra vires claims related to the City’s failures to fund
   contributions and make pickup payments for HFC, HFF, and CCSI
   employees
      We first consider the City appellants’ subissues addressing HMEPS’s ultra
vires claims related to the City’s not funding contributions or picking up payments
for HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees.
                                           12
      1. HMEPS may not bring ultra vires claims involving noncompliance
         with the MCA.
      In issue I(a), the City appellants contend that although HMEPS alleges the
City appellants failed to comply with the City’s contribution requirements under
article 6243h, HMEPS in fact seeks to compel the 27.36% contribution rate, which
is not specified by statute, but instead is required by the July 2011 MCA. The City
appellants argue that mandamus suits against officials are authorized only where,
unlike here, the official’s duty is “clearly fixed and required by the law.” See Oney
v. Ammerman, 458 S.W.2d 54, 54 (Tex. 1970). The City appellants likewise
contend that ultra vires suits against officials must require them “to comply with
constitutional or statutory provisions.” See Heinrich, 284 S.W.3d at 372. The City
appellants contend that Klumb “expressly rejected any notion that the [MCA] is
enforceable through anything other than contract claims”; that is, Klumb makes
clear the MCA is enforceable only through contract claims, not mandamus or ultra
vires claims. See 458 S.W.3d at 12. According to the City appellants, because
HMEPS seeks to enforce contractual duties, it failed to allege any valid mandamus
or ultra vires claims.

      HMEPS responds it properly alleged that the City appellants failed to
perform purely ministerial acts mandated by article 6243h and therefore the trial
court correctly determined it has jurisdiction over this ultra vires action seeking
mandamus relief. With regard to the MCA, HMEPS argues that in section 3(n) of
article 6243h the Legislature authorized HMEPS and the City to agree to a lower
rate than otherwise calculated pursuant to section 8(d), which agreements are
“enforceable against and binding” on the City. See Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art.
6243h, § 3(n); Klumb, 458 S.W.3d at 7, 11. HMEPS asserts that “it only seeks
payment of the lower MCA rate to which the City agreed would be its Section 8(d)
statutory payment obligation.” HMEPS maintains Klumb only held that no waiver
                                         13
of immunity was alleged or supported on the record before the Court as to HMEPS
for the City’s claim that HMEPS’s actions delegating employee decisions to the
External Affairs Committee violated the MCA. See 458 S.W.3d at 12.

      We consider HMEPS’s first amended verified petition for writs of
mandamus to determine if HMEPS has alleged facts affirmatively demonstrating
the trial court’s jurisdiction. See Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 226. In its petition,
within the “Statement of Facts,” HMEPS alleged:

      Among the City’s statutory obligations, Article 6243h requires the
      City to make periodic payments to the pension fund in an amount that
      is based on the combined salaries of HMEPS’s “members.” [Tex.
      Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h,] § 8(d). The manner for calculating
      the City’s contributions to HMEPS may be found in an Amended and
      Restated Meet and Confer Agreement dated July 1, 2011 and entered
      into between HMEPS and the City.

HMEPS further alleged:

      Most importantly, Defendants are failing to make the statutorily
      required payments of 27.36% of the payroll of the HFC, HFF, and
      CCSI employees to HMEPS, as reflected in the City’s 2015-2016
      Budget, and to pay the obligatory pick up contributions.

Within the “Causes of Action,” HMEPS alleged:

      Article 6243h, however, requires the City to make periodic payments
      to the pension fund in an amount that is based on the combined
      salaries of HMEPS’s “members,” who have been judicially confirmed
      to include all HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees. Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat.
      Ann., art 6243b § 8(d). It also requires the City to pick up and pay
      any biweekly contributions made by the contributing members of the
      pension fund. Id. at § 8(a), (c). Thus, Defendants have no discretion
      to exclude contributions for HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees in the
      current or the future proposed City budgets or to forego their
      obligation to pick up payments made on their behalf. By failing to
      perform these purely ministerial acts required by Article 6243h,
      Defendants are acting ultra vires.
                                       14
       [] Consequently, HMFPS seeks a writ of mandamus compelling
       Defendants to allocate funding in the current City budget to provide
       the statutorily required payments of 27.36% of the payroll of the HFC,
       HFF, and CCSI employees, to make such payments to HMEPS in
       accordance with the allocation, to include in all future proposed City
       budgets the contributions owed for HFC, HFF, CCS1 employees’
       salaries as members of HMEPS, and to pick up and pay any biweekly
       contributions made on their behalf.

Within the “Request for Expedited Consideration,” HMEPS alleged:

       This case involves straightforward application of unambiguous
       ministerial statutory duties.     Section 8(d) of Article 6243h
       unambiguously provides that the City “shall” contribute to HMEPS an
       amount that is based on the combined salaries of HMEPS’s
       “members.” Section 8(c) also states that the City “shall” pay pick up
       contributions made by the contributing members of the pension fund.

       Section 8(c) of article 6243h provides:

       The employer shall pick up the contributions required of group A
       members[8] by Subsection (a)[9] of this section for all salaries earned
       after the effective date of this Act. The city shall pay the pickup
       contributions to the pension system from the same source of funds
       that is used for paying salaries to the members. The pickup
       contributions are in lieu of contributions by group A members. The
       city may pick up those contributions by a deduction from each group
       A member’s salary equal to the amount of the member’s contributions
       picked up by the city. Members may not choose to receive the
       contributed amounts directly instead of having the contributed
       amounts paid by the city to the pension system. An accounting of

       8
       See Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 5(b) (describing conditions of group A
membership in pension system).
       9
         Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 8(a) (“Each group A member of the pension
system shall make monthly contributions during employment in an amount determined by the
pension board and expressed as a percentage of salary. The contributions shall be deducted by
the employer from the salary of each member and paid to the pension system for deposit in the
pension fund.”).

                                             15
       member contributions picked up by the employer shall be maintained,
       and the contributions shall be treated for all other purposes as if the
       amount were a part of the member’s salary and had been deducted
       under this section. Contributions picked up under this subsection
       shall be treated as employer contributions in determining tax
       treatment of the amounts under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
       amended.

Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 8(c). Section 8(d) provides:

       The city shall make periodic payments into the pension fund in an
       amount equal to the percentage contribution rate multiplied by the
       combined salaries of all group A and group B[10] members of the
       pension fund. The contribution rate, expressed as a percentage, shall
       be based on the results of actuarial valuations made at least every
       three years. The city’s contribution rate shall consist of the normal
       cost plus the level percentage of salary payments required to amortize
       the unfunded actuarial liability over a period of 40 years from January
       1, 1983, computed on the basis of an actuarial reserve funding method
       approved by the pension board. Notwithstanding any other provision
       of this Act, the city’s contribution rate, when added to any
       contributions with respect to a qualified governmental excess benefit
       arrangement maintained in accordance with Section 24 of this Act,
       may not be an amount less than the greater of 10 percent of the
       combined salaries of all members or two times the contribution rate of
       group A members as provided in Subsection (a) of this section.

Id. § 8(d).

       Where the law prescribes and defines the duty to be performed with
precision and certainty as to leave nothing to the exercise of discretion or
judgment, an act is ministerial and subject to mandamus. See State Bar of Tex. v.
Heard, 603 S.W.2d 829, 832 (Tex. 1980). The plain language in article 6243h
describing the City’s contribution actions reflects ministerial as opposed to

       10
        See Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 5(c) (describing conditions of group B
membership in pension system).

                                           16
discretionary duties. By their usage of the term “shall,”11 sections 8(c) and 8(d)
mandate actions by the City related to paying pickup contributions to the pension
system and to making periodic payments into the pension fund at the described
contribution rate. See Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 8(c), (d).

       Section 8(c) mandates that the City pay its pickup contributions from the
same source of funding used for paying salaries to the members. See Tex. Rev.
Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 8(c). Section 8(d) requires that the contribution rate
be based on actuarial valuations made at least every three years and mandates that
the rate “shall consist of the normal cost plus the level percentage of salary
payments required to amortize the unfunded actuarial liability over a period of 40
years from January 1, 1983, computed on the basis of an actuarial reserve funding
method approved by the pension board.” See id. § 8(d). Article 6243h does not
afford the City discretion or judgment to determine whether these contribution
duties exist. See Heard, 603 S.W.2d at 832. Nor does article 6243h afford the
City discretion or judgment to refuse to comply with these duties.

       HMEPS alleged the Klumb Court unanimously held that “the pension board
acted within the scope of its broad statutory authority in construing the term
‘employee.’” 458 S.W.3d at 4. Although the City appellants insist the Klumb
Court did not rule that the Klumb plaintiffs were “members” of HMEPS under
article 6243h, HMEPS’s resolutions defining “employees” for purposes of the plan
were deemed final and binding. See id. at 11–12. As a result, under article 6243h,
section 1(13), unless such “employees” are no longer “active” or are otherwise

       11
           See Sw. Bell Tel., L.P. v. Emmett, 459 S.W.3d 578, 588 (Tex. 2015) (stating, when
construing section 49.223 of the Water Code, that “[t]he use of the word ‘shall’ evidences the
mandatory nature of the duty imposed”); Harris Cty. Appraisal Dist. v. Tex. Gas Transmission
Corp., 105 S.W.3d 88, 92 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, pet. denied) (“The word ‘shall’
in section 22.01(a) is mandatory, not discretionary.”).

                                             17
ineligible to become members of the system under section 4 of the statute, they
constitute “members.”       See Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 1(13)
(“‘Member’ means each active employee included in the pension system, except
for an employee who is ineligible under Section 4 of this Act.”), § 4 (outlining
ineligible individuals). Under article 6243h, as long as these employees qualify as
either group A or group B members under section 5, see id. § 5(b), (c), the City
must meet the contribution duties outlined in sections 8(c) and 8(d) based on such
employees, see id. § 8(c), (d).

      In its petition, HMEPS alleged that “[b]y failing to perform these purely
ministerial acts required by Article 6243h, [the City appellants] are acting ultra
vires.” HMEPS stated that it “seeks a writ of mandamus compelling [the City
appellants] to allocate funding in the current City budget to provide the statutorily
required payments of 27.36% of the payroll of the HFC, HFF, and CCSI
employees, to make such payments to HMEPS in accordance with the allocation,
to include in all future proposed City budgets the contributions owed for HFC,
HFF, CCIS employees’ salaries as members of HMEPS, and to pick up and pay
any biweekly contributions made on their behalf.”           HMEPS alleged that the
payment in the contribution rate of 27.36% is “statutorily required” but, within the
same petition, also alleged that the manner for calculating the City’s contributions
is “found” in the MCA.

      In its opposition to the City appellants’ plea to the jurisdiction, HMEPS
stated that section 8(d) provides the precise manner for calculating the actuarially
required contribution (“ARC”) rate. HMEPS also stated that the ARC rate was
27.38% but the City’s contribution rate under the MCA was 27.36%.12 HMEPS

      12
         This difference between the ARC rate and the MCA rate is discussed in the HMEPS
2014 actuarial valuation report attached to HMEPS’s plea opposition.

                                          18
and the City could enter into the MCA and pursuant to its terms agree to an
alternative arrangement “regarding pension issues and benefits” such as a reduced
contribution rate that would be “enforceable against and binding on the city.” See
id. § 3(n); Klumb, 458 S.W.3d at 11. HMEPS contends this situation is analogous
to Heinrich, where the Court explained that a suit alleging an official’s ultra vires
violation of a statute requiring that government contracts be performed in a certain
way is not barred even though it necessarily involves a contract. See 284 S.W.3d
at 371. We disagree. Nothing within article 6243h “requires that government
contracts be made or performed in a certain way, leaving no room for discretion.”
See id. (discussing the rule arising out of State v. Epperson, 42 S.W.2d 228, 231
(Tex. 1931)). Section 8 does not require the making or performance of an MCA
for the City to perform its statutorily-mandated contribution duties. See Tex. Rev.
Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 8(c), (d). Section 3(n) does not require HMEPS to
enter into MCAs with the City or that any MCAs be performed in a particular way.
See id. § 3(n) (“[T]he pension board may enter into a written agreement . . . .”
(emphasis added)).

       As the Klumb Court stated, MCAs are written contracts and, even if the
parties deem them to amend the statute, the failure to comply with such a contract
does not give rise to ultra vires claims, which is the only type of claim HMEPS has
brought with regard to the City’s alleged refusal to allocate funding and pick up
payments for the HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees. See 458 S.W.3d at 12. Just as
a claim that HMEPS failed to comply with the MCA is a breach-of-contract and
not an ultra vires claim, so too is a claim that the City failed to comply with the
MCA.     See id.     To the extent that HMEPS’s claims challenging the City’s
contribution failures are based on a contribution rate as found in the MCA, they
cannot be brought ultra vires.

                                         19
       The trial court ruled in HMEPS’s favor, so HMEPS had no occasion in the
trial court to ask for an opportunity to amend its pleadings to cure any defect. See
Lazarides v. Farris, 367 S.W.3d 788, 804 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2012,
no pet.). In this situation, the proper course of action is to reverse the trial court’s
order as to HMEPS’s ultra vires claims related to the City’s contribution failures
and remand with instructions for the trial court to give HMEPS a reasonable
opportunity to amend its pleadings in an attempt to properly plead these claims.
See id.; Tex. Dep’t of Transp. v. Olivares, 316 S.W.3d 89, 95–96, 99 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no pet.). Without expressing any opinion as to the
merits of any such claims, we reverse the trial court’s order as to these ultra
vires claims, and we remand with instructions for the trial court to provide HMEPS
a reasonable opportunity to properly plead ultra vires claims related to the City’s
contribution failures. See Lazarides, 367 S.W.3d at 804; Olivares, 316 S.W.3d at
95–96, 99.13

        With this determination in mind, we consider the City appellants’ other
subissues related to the City’s alleged contribution failures.

       2. HMEPS does not seek retrospective monetary relief.

       In issue I(b), the City appellants contend that they are immune from
HMEPS’s mandamus claims alleging ultra vires acts under article 6243h to the
extent HMEPS seeks any relief for past periods. The City appellants argue that

       13
          Although within this subissue the City appellants cite the MCA as contained within the
summary-judgment record, the MCA was not attached to any of the parties’ pleadings or plea-to-
the-jurisdiction filings, nor was it incorporated as evidence within the proceedings on the City
appellants’ plea. The City appellants also cite language from HMEPS’s summary-judgment
motion. However, the trial court’s order denying the City appellants’ plea reflects that the only
item pending before the court was the City appellants’ plea and the items considered by the court
when deciding the plea were the plea, HMEPS’s opposition, the evidence, any reply, and the
arguments of counsel.

                                               20
HMEPS’s pleadings are not clear as to whether it seeks relief for past periods,
future periods, or both. Having liberally reviewed HMEPS’s petition, we disagree
that it is seeking any prohibited retrospective monetary relief through its ultra vires
claims.    In its petition, HMEPS expressly sought relief compelling the City
appellants to allocate funding in the “current” budget, to make such payments, to
include proper contributions in “future” budgets, and pick up and pay such
contributions.14 These do not constitute retrospective requests for relief. We
overrule this subissue.

      3. The City appellants failed to show that HMEPS cannot prove
         statutory contribution violations.
      In issue I(c), the City appellants assert that HMEPS cannot prove that they
violated the contribution and pickup provisions of the statute.

      With regard to section 8(c), the City appellants argue that the HFC, HFF,
and CCSI employees are employed and paid by those entities and therefore the
sources of funds used to pay their salaries are necessarily accounts of those
entities, not of the City. Having reviewed HMEPS’s pleadings, while they refer to
the individuals at issue as HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees and reference the
“payroll” of those entities, the pleadings do not indicate the City’s inability to pay
contributions from the same source of funds used to pay the members’ salaries.
See Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 8(c). Moreover, the evidence cited by
the City appellants—the article pertaining to payroll and employment tax reporting
in the Service Agreement between HFC and CCSI—does not conclusively
demonstrate that the City would not be able to use the same source of funds to
make pension payments as is used by HFC to advance to or reimburse CCSI for its

      14
         According to HMEPS’s pleading, the City’s fiscal year went through June 30, 2016.
Therefore, the relief sought by HMEPS covers the now-current fiscal year.

                                           21
employees’ salaries.

      With regard to section 8(d), essentially the City appellants contend HMEPS
cannot prove a statutory violation because the provision does not cover a certain
type of group member (group D) that only exists under the MCA. Nothing within
HMEPS’s pleadings precludes finding a violation of section 8(d) as to the HFC,
HFF, and CCSI employees. Nor does the summary of plan provisions included in
the HMEPS 2014 actuarial valuation report describing the various classes of plan
members conclusively demonstrate that all the HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees at
issue exclusively would fall outside the groups of members covered by section
8(d). We overrule this subissue.

      4. Section 8 can be enforced by a mandamus suit alleging ultra vires
         acts.
      We already have determined that article 6243h mandates the City perform
certain contribution actions and does not provide any discretion to avoid such
duties. Contrary to the City appellants’ argument in issue I(d), we also do not
agree that the statutorily-required duties in section 8(d) are too vague and
imprecise to be enforceable by mandamus. Merely pointing out that section 8(d)
could have included additional details does not render the statute either vague or
imprecise with regard to the contribution duties it mandates on the City. A proven
violation of a contribution duty clearly imposed on the City by article 6243h can
lie in mandamus. We overrule issue I(d) with regard to ultra vires claims based on
an alleged violation of section 8(d).

      5. Failing to appropriate and allocate article 6243h-mandated funding
         is not discretionary.
      In issue I(e), the City appellants argue that they are immune from HMEPS’s
mandamus claims under article 6243h alleging ultra vires acts regarding

                                        22
appropriations and allocations because such acts are discretionary. We disagree.
HMEPS is not lodging a general complaint about the City’s policies and decision-
making with regard to setting its budget and allocating governmental funding.
Rather, unlike in the cases cited by the City appellants,15 HMEPS challenges the
City’s particular failures to properly allocate funding in the budget for
contributions set and required by statute. As discussed above, the City has no
discretion under the statute to refuse its duties to pick up and pay required
contributions to the fund. We overrule this subissue.

C. HMEPS’s alleged claims related to the City’s failures to provide
   information for HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees
       1. HMEPS may seek to compel the City to comply with the TPIA.
       In issue I(g), the City appellants argue that HMEPS’s mandamus claim
against the City to compel information disclosure under section 552.321 of the
TPIA is barred by immunity because such a claim cannot be brought against the
City, but instead only against the pertinent governmental official, namely the
“officer for public information.” See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 552.203 (West
2012) (outlining duties of officer for public information); id. § 552.221 (officer for
public information shall promptly produce public information and describing ways
for officer to comply); see also id. § 552.201 (West 2012) (identifying officer for
public information). The City appellants rely on A & T Consultants, Inc. v. Sharp,
904 S.W.2d 668 (Tex. 1995), and Guthrie v. Garcia, 352 S.W.3d 307 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, no pet.).

       In A & T Consultants, Inc. v. Sharp, the Supreme Court of Texas granted

       15
         See, e.g., In re Perry, 60 S.W.3d 857, 860 (Tex. 2001); Kassen v. Hatley, 887 S.W.2d
4, 9–11 (Tex. 1994); Satterfield & Pontikes Constr., Inc. v. Tex. S. Univ., 472 S.W.3d 426, 436
(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2015, pet. denied).

                                              23
mandamus relief under section 552.321 of the TPIA against the party the high
court concluded was the public-information officer16 for the governmental body.
See 904 S.W.2d at 672–73, 681. The Sharp Court concluded that the public-
information officer was “the proper party” against whom mandamus relief should
be sought under section 552.321. See 904 S.W.2d at 672–73, 681. The high court
noted that, although the TPIA imposes the duties to release public information on
the public-information officer, section 552.321 authorizes mandamus relief against
the governmental body. See id. at 681. Though encouraging the legislature to
resolve this incongruity, the Sharp Court stated that “[t]his discrepancy can be
overlooked in most cases, and courts can treat petitions for writ of mandamus
against governmental bodies and against public records officers interchangeably.”
Id. The Sharp Court stated that this general rule would not apply in cases in which
the exact identity of the respondent matters for purposes of jurisdiction. 17 Id. The
identity of the respondent in the case under review does not matter for purposes of
jurisdiction; therefore, under the judicial dicta in Sharp, mandamus may be sought
under section 552.321 of the TPIA against either the City of Houston or its public-
information officer. See id.

       In Guthrie v. Garcia, this court concluded that, if a choice had to be made

       16
           Although the current version of the TPIA uses the term “officer for public information”
in place of “officer for public records,” the pertinent parts of the two versions of the TPIA are
substantially similar; each statute authorizes mandamus relief against the “governmental body”
while requiring the “officer for public records” or “officer for public information” to release the
public information. See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 552.203, 552.204, 552.221, 552.321 (West
2012); Act of May 29, 1995, 74th Leg., R.S., ch. 1035, §§ 2, 14, 15, 24, 1995 Tex. Gen. Laws
5127, 5128, 5133–34, 5140. For ease of reference, we use the term “public-information officer”
to refer to the “officer for public records” under the version of the TPIA applicable in Sharp and
to refer to the “officer for public information” under the current version of the TPIA.
       17
           The Sharp Court addressed a jurisdictional issue as to mandamus actions against
executive officers. See Sharp, 904 S.W.2d at 672–81. That issue was resolved by subsequent
legislation. See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 552.321(b).

                                                24
between seeking mandamus relief under section 552.321 against the public-
information officer or seeking such relief against the governmental body, then the
proper choice would be to seek relief against the public-information officer, based
on the Sharp Court’s statement that the officer for public information is “the proper
party.” See 352 S.W.3d at 309–10. In Guthrie, mandamus relief was sought only
against the public-information officer, and this court noted the Sharp Court’s
statements that mandamus claims under section 552.321 against a governmental
body generally would be equivalent to mandamus claims against that body’s public
information officer. See 352 S.W.3d at 309–10. The Guthrie court did not hold or
state that mandamus claims under section 552.321 may not be asserted against a
governmental body. See id.

      Under the unambiguous language of section 552.321, the Sharp judicial
dicta, and recent precedent from the Supreme Court of Texas, a requestor may file
suit against a governmental body seeking the mandamus relief provided under this
statute. See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 552.321; Kallinen v. City of Houston, 462
S.W.3d 25, 27–28 (Tex. 2015) (per curiam); Sharp, 904 S.W.2d at 681.

      We overrule this subissue as to HMEPS’s TPIA claim against the City of
Houston.   However, in its petition HMEPS did not name just the City as a
defendant or respondent. Instead, HMEPS alleged that all the defendants’ refusal
to provide the requested employee information “constitutes violations of the TPIA”
and sought a writ of mandamus as to all the defendants under section 552.321. But
such TPIA mandamus claims only may be brought against the City or its public-
information officer.   Therefore, we sustain this subissue as to HMEPS’s TPIA
claims against defendants other than the City or its public-information officer.

                                         25
      2. The City appellants failed to show that HMEPS cannot prove the
         City refused to provide statutorily-required information.
      In issue I(h), the City appellants contend that HMEPS’s article 6243h and
TPIA claims seeking to compel disclosure of information are barred by immunity
because the City did not refuse to provide requested information and instead
abided by the parties’ rule 11 agreement. Further, the City appellants argue that
HMEPS otherwise has adequate remedies to obtain this information from the
nonsuited HFC, HFF, and CCSI.

      Both HMEPS’s petition and the plea record reflect that HMEPS twice
requested by letter information from the City regarding the name, date of birth,
social security number, address, date of hire, position at date of hire, Family
Medical Leave Act usage, status under the Uniformed Services Employment and
Reemployment Rights Act, any termination notifications, and any disability or
death claims for the HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees. HMEPS’s second request
cited both article 6243h and the TPIA. HMEPS alleged that the City appellants
refused to provide all of the requested information required by statute. HMEPS
also alleged that the City appellants did not seek an opinion from the attorney
general regarding disclosure.

      Section 2(u) of article 6243h mandates that the City “shall provide full and
timely information to the pension board about employees as reasonably required by
the pension board to administer the pension fund and provide benefits properly,
including information relating to the hiring of employees, members’ service dates,
compensation of members, members’ deaths, and terminations of employment.”
Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 2(u).

      As part of issue I(d), the City appellants contend that section 2(u) cannot be
enforced through a mandamus suit alleging ultra vires claims because it is vague,

                                         26
imprecise, and subject to the City’s discretion. We disagree. While the HMEPS
board’s discretion is limited to requesting information that is “reasonably required”
for its administration of the fund, the duty imposed on the City to fully and timely
disclose such information is mandatory and not subject to refusal.                   See id.
Moreover, inclusion of the phrase “information relating to” does not render the
statute vague or imprecise, but instead illustrates the types and breadth of
information HMEPS may seek.18 See id. We overrule the remaining portion of
issue I(d).

       The TPIA mandates that “[a]n officer for public information of a
governmental body shall promptly produce public information for inspection,
duplication, or both on application by any person to the officer.” See Tex. Gov’t
Code Ann. § 552.221(a). The TPIA “shall be liberally construed in favor of
granting a request for information.” Id. § 552.001(b) (West 2012); Sharp, 904
S.W.2d at 675. A governmental body wishing to withhold information that it
believes falls within one of the exceptions to disclosure must follow the steps
outlined in the TPIA regarding requesting a decision from the attorney general.
See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 552.301 (West 2012). If the governmental body does
not follow these steps, then the requested information is presumed to be subject to
required disclosure. See id. § 552.302 (West 2012). “[I]f the governmental body
refuses to request an attorney general’s decision . . . or refuses to supply public
information or information that the attorney general has determined is public
information that is not excepted from disclosure,” then the requestor may seek
mandamus relief to compel such body to make the information available. Id.

       18
           The information about the HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees HMEPS requested
essentially tracked the examples provided in article 6243h. See Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art.
6243h, § 2(u) (“information relating to the hiring of employees, members’ service dates,
compensation of members, members’ deaths, and terminations of employment”).

                                             27
§ 552.321(a).

       After HMEPS filed its mandamus suit, HMEPS and the City entered into a
rule 11 agreement that states “to the extent the City of Houston possesses the
information, the City of Houston will provide the information requested in [the two
letters].” The City appellants insist that the City complied with the parties’ rule 11
agreement. However, even assuming the City’s compliance, the rule 11 agreement
expressly states that HMEPS did not waive “seeking the full relief sought in the
petition.” Therefore, HMEPS could pursue any outstanding requests and continue
its article 6243h and TPIA disclosure claims.

       Next, the City appellants argue “the City has no duty to provide any
additional information that HMEPS seeks” because HMEPS already had this
information for former City employees and the City would not have this
information for HFC, HFF, and CCSI employees who were not former City
employees. But neither the TPIA nor section 2(u) of article 6243h so constrains
the City’s statutory duties. The plain language of the statutes does not prohibit
HMEPS from re-requesting information the City already may have provided or
from insisting on as complete a production as possible from the City. See Tex.
Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 2(u); Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 552.221(a).

       Although the City produced evidence that it did “not have going-forward
data” on the employees at issue, we do not agree that the authorities cited by the
City appellants foreclose HMEPS’s mandamus suit under these circumstances.19

       19
          In Economic Opportunities Development Corp. of San Antonio v. Bustamante, 562
S.W.2d 266, 267–68 (Tex. Civ. App.—San Antonio 1978, writ dism’d), the court of appeals
affirmed the trial court’s denial of mandamus relief after a trial on the merits where the trial court
found sufficient evidence that the documents were no longer in the county commissioner’s
possession. And unlike in informal letter ruling No. OR2014-04271, the City appellants did not
request a decision from the attorney general regarding whether the City is required to disclose
HMEPS’s requested information, much less allege in such request that the City did “not possess

                                                 28
Moreover, the TPIA broadly defines public information to “include information
that is written, produced, collected, assembled, or maintained under a law or
ordinance or in connection with the transaction of official business . . . for a
governmental body and the governmental body has a right of access to the
information.” See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 552.002(a); In re City of Georgetown,
53 S.W.3d 328, 331 (Tex. 2001). Evidence that the City does not have certain
information does not necessarily mean that the City has no right to access such
information.

        Further, we reject the City appellants’ attempts to avoid the City’s statutory
obligations because HMEPS also had sued (but then nonsuited) HFC, HFF, and
CCSI. Section 2(u) does not state that the City has discretion to refuse to produce
“full” information because another entity may possess relevant information. See
Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 2(u).              Nor does the TPIA require a
requestor to sue or maintain any suit against any other entity in order to bring a
mandamus action against a particular governmental body under section 552.321.
See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 552.321(a).

       Because the City appellants failed to conclusively establish that the trial
court lacks jurisdiction over HMEPS’s mandamus and ultra vires claims seeking
the entirety of its requested information about the HFC, HFF, and CCSI
employees, we overrule issue I(h).

any information responsive . . . to the request” like the PUC did in its request. See Op. Tex.
Att’y Gen. No. OR2014-04271 (Tex. A.G.), 2014 WL 1573637, at *1 & n.2. Moreover, the
Texas Supreme Court has indicated that, irrespective of whether a governmental body requests
and receives a decision from the attorney general on disclosure, the trial court has jurisdiction
under section 552.321(a) to consider whether the requested information is subject to disclosure.
See Kallinen, 462 S.W.3d at 28; Harris Cty. Appraisal Dist. v. Integrity Title Co., LLC, 483
S.W.3d 62, 68 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2015, pet. denied).

                                               29
D. Remaining article 6243h issues

       1. HMEPS may not allege article 6243h violations against the City.

       With regard to issue I(f), we agree that HMEPS cannot bring any of its ultra
vires claims based on noncompliance with article 6243h through a mandamus
action against the City, but rather only against and to compel action by the City’s
officials. See Heinrich, 284 S.W.3d at 372–73; Anderson v. City of Four Points,
806 S.W.2d 791, 793 (Tex. 1991). HMEPS does not otherwise point to any clear
and unambiguous legislative waiver of the City’s immunity in article 6243h or
elsewhere for claims alleging a violation of article 6243h.                    We sustain this
subissue.20

       2. HMEPS has standing to bring its suit under article 6243h.

       Standing requires “a concrete injury to the plaintiff and a real controversy
between the parties that will be resolved by the court.”                      See Heckman v.
Williamson Cty., 369 S.W.3d 137, 154 (Tex. 2012) (citing DaimlerChrysler Corp.
v. Inman, 252 S.W.3d 299, 304, 307 (Tex. 2008)). The issue of standing focuses
on whether a party has a sufficient relationship with the lawsuit so as to have a
“justiciable interest” in its outcome. Austin Nursing Ctr., Inc. v. Lovato, 171
S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. 2005). A plaintiff has standing when it is personally
aggrieved. Id.

       In its second issue, the City appellants argue that HMEPS itself lacks
standing to bring this suit under article 6243h. The City appellants rely solely on

       20
           The City appellants also argue that the City Controller has no role or duties relating to
appropriations or allocations for current or future budgets under the City Charter. In any event,
HMEPS did not so limit its ultra vires claims. HMEPS alleged violations with regard to the
pickup and payment of the City’s mandatory contributions under article 6243h. The City Charter
indicates that the Controller has involvement in the payment of City funds.

                                                30
section 3(g). Section 3(g) states that “[t]he pension board may institute legal
action in the name of the pension board on behalf of the pension system.” Tex.
Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6243h, § 3(g). Section 3(g), however, does not state that
the pension system is prohibited from instituting or participating in legal action, or
otherwise impose any conditions on its being able to do so. See id.

      Having reviewed HMEPS’s pleadings liberally in its favor, we conclude that
HMEPS alleged sufficient facts to affirmatively demonstrate its standing to seek
redress for the City officials’ ultra vires noncompliance with article 6243h causing
injury to HMEPS. We overrule issue II.

                               III.   CONCLUSION

      Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s denial of the City appellants’ plea
to the jurisdiction with regard to HMEPS’s mandamus claims against the City of
Houston alleging failures to comply and seeking to compel compliance with article
6243h. We render judgment dismissing these claims.

      We reverse the trial court’s denial of the plea with regard to HMEPS’s
mandamus claims against the City officials to the extent that HMEPS alleges
failures to comply with section 8 of article 6243h or the MCA and remand with
instructions for the trial court to provide HMEPS a reasonable opportunity to
properly plead ultra vires claims against the City officials.

      We affirm the trial court’s denial of the plea with regard to HMEPS’s
mandamus claims against the City officials alleging ultra vires failures to comply
and seeking to compel compliance with section 2(u) of article 6243h.

      We affirm the trial court’s denial of the plea with regard to HMEPS’s
mandamus claims against the City of Houston alleging failure to comply and
seeking to compel compliance with the TPIA.

                                          31
      We reverse the trial court’s denial of the plea with regard to HMEPS’s
mandamus claims alleging TPIA violations against defendants other than the City
or its public-information officer. We render judgment dismissing these claims.

                                      /s/    Marc W. Brown
                                             Justice

Panel consists of Chief Justice Frost, and Justices McCally and Brown.

                                        32