Court Opinion

ID: 9541709
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-07 16:27:57.935911+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:04:30.280230
License: Public Domain

Opinion by
Jacobs, J.,
This case presents the issue of whether the lower court committed an abuse of discretion in refusing appellant’s presentence request to withdraw certain guilty pleas. We hold that it did not and affirm.
Appellant was indicted for three 1971 armed robberies committed at banks in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and for three attendant larcenies. Prior to acceptance of guilty pleas as to the six crimes, the lower court conducted an extensive hearing on December 8, 1971. At the hearing, it was developed that appellant was a 29-year-old Czechoslovakian citizen, that his European educational background was that of an electronics engineer, and that no plea bargain was involved in the case. Appellant stated that his pleas were made because of his guilt, that he had no defense, that he understood the charges against him, and that his decision to plead guilty was of his own free will. He acknowledged his understanding of the forfeiture of certain described rights by reason of a plea of guilty, and asserted his comprehension of the maximum penalties involved. An interpreter was present for the purpose of obviating any language difficulties, and appellant was represented by counsel.
The lower court accepted the pleas. A police officer then stated that the appellant had been apprehended following a chase from the most recent robbery and had made a “full and relatively honest statement about what went on.” Imposition of sentence was deferred pending a presentence investigation and report.
Sentencing was scheduled on April 24, 1972. At that time the court was informed that appellant intended to move to withdraw his pleas. On May 2, 1972, an oral motion to that effect was made on behalf of appellant and a hearing was held.
At the hearing, appellant’s attorney stated that the basis of the withdrawal request was that appellant had *551not been informed of all the rights available to him, and had not made intelligent and voluntary pleas. Appellant testified that he had entered the United States on January 6, 1969, at which time he did not have a command of the English language. He stated that he had pleaded guilty to federal charges related to his state offenses with the understanding that a deportation and suspension might be the result; that the attorney representing him when Ms guilty pleas were entered in the present case1 had threatened to stay out of the courtroom if he did not plead guilty; that he had been beaten after Ms arrest; and that without notification to him FBI agents had searched Ms apartment and seized certain evidence. He said that he had been in a state of fear at the time Ms pleas were entered, that the Czechoslovakian criminal system had intimidated Mm, that he did not understand some of the court’s questions in the prior hearing, and that the interpreter therein had been so incompetent as to preclude his using her services. Although he denied his guilt “from point of humanity,” he conceded a “certain type” of guilt, maintaining that he was a “victim of circumstances.” At one point he expressed a desire to inform the people in the courtroom of the “desperate situation” which “forced [him] to do it.” At another point, he stated, “Yes, I am guilty,” but alluded to certain circumstances, including blackmail, of which he said he was a victim.
The attorney who represented appellant at the time of entry of the guilty pleas testified that he had told the appellant that he would not argue two particular defenses, which be did not name, to the jury, unless ordered to do so by the judge. He said that he regarded the defenses as improper. He stated that no other defenses were available, that he did not refuse to take *552the defendant to trial, and that he had expressed a willingness to go to trial. He further stated that he was not told of the supposed police beating and FBI search, and that the evidence he had seen from the FBI did not come from the appellant’s apartment.
It was noted by the court and attorneys present that appellant was apparently scheduled to be sentenced for related federal crimes the following day. At the conclusion of presentations regarding withdrawal of the pleas, the lower court entered an order refusing appellant’s request for withdrawal.
The refusal of the request was related, according to the opinion of the court below, to a belief that appellant’s decision to plead guilty was both understanding and voluntary, and that the request to withdraw the pleas was an attempt to manipulate the processes of justice by obtaining the advantage of a Pennsylvania Supreme Court decision on state punishment subsequent to that federally imposed for the same offense. See Commonwealth v. Mills, 447 Pa. 163, 286 A.2d 638 (1971) (second prosecution and imposition of punishment by Pennsylvania for same offense as to which federal prosecution and punishment occurred held precluded unless interests of two jurisdictions differed substantially, so that initial prosecution failed to protect Pennsylvania interests).
Having been denied permission to withdraw his pleas, the appellant was afforded an opportunity to address the court prior to imposition of sentence. In the course of his address, he recited a number of personal misfortunes involving his finances, health, and Czechoslovakian family which, he said, had finally driven Mm to go to a bank with a toy gun. Following his address, sentence was imposed.2
*553In resolving the issue in the case at bar, we must initially recognize that the disposition of a request to withdraw a guilty plea prior to sentencing is within the sound discretion of the court. Pa. R. Crim. P. 320. Decisions of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court emphasize, however, that such a request should be liberally allowed. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Woods, 452 Pa. 546, 307 A.2d 880 (1973); Commonwealth v. Santos, 450 Pa. 492, 301 A.2d 829 (1973); Commonwealth v. Forbes, 450 Pa. 185, 299 A.2d 268 (1973). Specifically, if the trial court finds any fair and just reason for withdrawal before sentence, and if no substantial prejudice has been incurred by the prosecution, withdrawal of the guilty plea should be freely permitted. Commonwealth v. Forbes, supra; see Commonwealth v. Sanutti, 454 Pa. 344, 312 A.2d 42 (1973).
In the present case, we believe that the argument in favor of withdrawal is deficient with respect to a fair and just reason. The appellant was not able to disavow his commission of the acts as to which he stood charged.3 The tendency of his statements with regard to innocence was to suggest mitigating circumstances surrounding his conduct. Such circumstances were perhaps pertinent to punishment, and could, of course, *554have formed the basis of an original decision to proceed to trial — the initial right to trial being absolute. But as Judge, now Chief Justice, Burger stated in rejecting the view that a defendant’s assertion on allocution that his crime had been induced by hardship necessitated vacation of a denial of withdrawal of his guilty plea, “[such] reasons only explain [one’s] motives for doing a voluntary act. As such, they are irrelevant to our system of criminal justice.” Everett v. United States, 336 F.2d 979, 984 n.18 (D.C. Cir. 1964). To permit withdrawal of a plea based upon such an irrelevancy, known at the time of the plea, would, under the circumstances of the present case, be virtually to permit the same right to trial subsequent to the plea as had existed before it. There is, however, no absolute right to withdrawal of a guilty plea. See Commonwealth v. Sanutti, supra.4
The assertion of appellant that evidence had been illegally seized in his apartment was entirely unsubstantiated, and in fact was rejected by his former attorney. The contention that his foreign background prevented a comprehension of some of the questions directed to him prior to acceptance of his plea was so lacking in specificity as to be of little use in evaluating the intelligence of his plea.
Furthermore, the lower court was entitled to disbelieve appellant’s claim that his attorney had refused to proceed to trial, in view of the attorney’s unequivocal denial of the charge under oath. The fact that the attorney was unwilling to argue defenses which he regarded as improper, without an instruction in that regard from the trial judge, did not compel a conclusion that the pleas ultimately decided upon were involun*555tary. Indeed, the failure of appellant to indicate to the lower court the nature of the defenses in question suggests that their untenability, rather than the attorney’s insistence, prompted their rejection. In its other aspects, the alleged involuntary nature of the pleas was vague and unclearly developed.
Of perhaps equal importance to the foregoing is the fact that appellant failed to request withdrawal of the pleas during the several months prior to the scheduling of sentencing. That failure, in conjunction with the holding of Commonwealth v. Mills, supra, and the pending nature of appellant’s federal sentencing, is strongly suggestive of the conclusion reached by the lower court that the real reason for withdrawal was not a defect in the pleas but the sentencing delay which withdrawal would occasion, and the resulting possible application of Mills in appellant’s favor. The refusal of the court below to permit itself to be used for such a purpose was fully justified.
Although we adhere to the principle that a presentence request to withdraw a guilty plea is to be liberally allowed, we believe that the peculiar facts of the present case make it one in which a denial of the request was a proper exercise of discretion. The judgment of sentence of the court below must therefore be affirmed.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.

 Appellant was represented by a new attorney at the hearing dealing with withdrawal of the pleas.

 For one of the robberies, appellant was required to pay costs of prosecution and to undergo imprisonment for a period of not less *553than 7% nor more than 15 years; for the associated larceny, costs of prosecution, restitution, and concurrent imprisonment for a period of not less than 1 nor more than 5 years were imposed.
For another of the robberies and its associated larceny, the same penalties were imposed, as they were for the remaining robbery and larceny, with the exception of the requirement of restitution as to the larceny. Prison terms were to be concurrent with that for the first robbery.

 A disavowal of the commission of the charged act has been held a fair and just reason for presentence withdrawal in Commonwealth v. Woods, 452 Pa. 546, 551, 307 A.2d 880 (1973) (“I didn’t have nothing to do with the burglary. ... I had nothing to do with [the homicide].”), and Commonwealth v. Forbes, 450 Pa. 185, 192, 299 A.2d 268 (1973) (“I don’t want to plead guilty to nothing I didn’t do.”).

 As was the ease below, appellant does not, on appeal, present any defense affirmatively denying his actual commission of the acts charged.