Court Opinion

ID: 2649396
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-01-15 20:15:26.071071+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:44:19.314440
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO

                                       Docket No. 39602

STATE OF IDAHO,                                 )     2014 Unpublished Opinion No. 329
                                                )
       Plaintiff-Respondent,                    )     Filed: January 15, 2014
                                                )
v.                                              )     Stephen W. Kenyon, Clerk
                                                )
JOSUE R. HERNANDEZ, aka JOSH                    )     THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED
HERNANDEZ,                                      )     OPINION AND SHALL NOT
                                                )     BE CITED AS AUTHORITY
       Defendant-Appellant.                     )
                                                )

       Appeal from the District Court of the Third Judicial District, State of Idaho,
       Canyon County. Hon. Thomas J. Ryan, District Judge.

       Judgment of conviction for felony operating a motor vehicle while under the
       influence of alcohol, affirmed.

       Sara B. Thomas, State Appellate Public Defender; Sarah E. Tompkins, Deputy
       Appellate Public Defender, Boise, for appellant.

       Hon. Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General; Russell J. Spencer, Deputy
       Attorney General, Boise, for respondent.
                 ________________________________________________
GUTIERREZ, Chief Judge
       Josue R. Hernandez appeals from his judgment of conviction for felony operating a motor
vehicle while under the influence of alcohol (DUI), Idaho Code §§ 18-8004, 18-8005.
Specifically, Hernandez contends the district court erred by denying Hernandez’s motion to
dismiss the felony charge and motion to accept Hernandez’s guilty plea to misdemeanor DUI.
For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
                                               I.
                                 FACTS AND PROCEDURE
       Hernandez was cited for misdemeanor DUI, driving without privileges, and possessing an
open container of alcohol. Hernandez appeared for arraignment and attempted to file a written
guilty plea to the misdemeanor DUI before the district court clerk, apparently in reliance on his
understanding of Idaho Misdemeanor Criminal Rule 6. Instead, the clerk of the district court

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provided Hernandez with an intent to plead guilty form, which Hernandez signed. Before trial,
the State properly filed a motion to amend its charge to felony DUI, pursuant to Idaho Criminal
Rule 7(e). The district court granted the State’s motion to amend its charge from misdemeanor
DUI to felony DUI. Hernandez moved to dismiss the felony DUI charge and moved the district
court to accept his guilty plea to the misdemeanor DUI charge. The district court denied the
motions. Hernandez entered a conditional guilty plea to felony DUI, 1 reserving his right to
appeal the court’s denial of his motion to dismiss and motion to accept his guilty plea to the
misdemeanor. Hernandez timely appeals.
                                                II.
                                           ANALYSIS
       Hernandez alleges the district court abused its discretion by denying his motion to
dismiss the felony charge and motion to accept his guilty plea to misdemeanor DUI. “This Court
reviews a district court’s decision on a motion to dismiss a criminal action for an abuse of
discretion.” State v. Martinez-Gonzalez, 152 Idaho 775, 778, 275 P.3d 1, 4 (Ct. App. 2012)
(citing I.C.R. 48(a); State v. Dixon, 140 Idaho 301, 304, 92 P.3d 551, 554 (Ct. App. 2004)).
When a trial court’s discretionary decision is reviewed on appeal, the appellate court conducts a
multi-tiered inquiry to determine: (1) whether the lower court correctly perceived the issue as
one of discretion; (2) whether the lower court acted within the boundaries of such discretion and
consistently with any legal standards applicable to the specific choices before it; and (3) whether
the lower court reached its decision by an exercise of reason. State v. Hedger, 115 Idaho 598,
600, 768 P.2d 1331, 1333 (1989).
       Hernandez’s arguments are predicated on his belief that he should have been allowed to
enter a written guilty plea as requested prior to the State’s motion having been granted to amend
the charge to a felony. Mindful that the Idaho Misdemeanor Criminal Rules prohibit the entry of
a written guilty plea to a misdemeanor DUI before the clerk of the court, Hernandez argues the
district court failed to properly accept his written guilty plea to the misdemeanor DUI, relying on
Idaho Misdemeanor Criminal Rule 6. The right to enter a misdemeanor plea before the clerk of

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       The remaining charges were dismissed.

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the court is governed by Rule 6(a). 2 That right is subject to the clerk’s authority to accept guilty
pleas as set forth in Idaho Misdemeanor Criminal Rule 14. Rule 14 does not allow for a clerk to
accept a guilty plea to a misdemeanor DUI. 3
       Thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Hernandez’s motions.
Hernandez’s judgment and conviction, as well as the district court’s order denying Hernandez’s
motion to dismiss the felony charge and motion to accept Hernandez’s guilty plea to
misdemeanor DUI, are affirmed.
       Judge LANSING and Judge GRATTON CONCUR.

2
       Idaho Misdemeanor Criminal Rule 6(a)(3) provides in relevant part:

               If the defendant desires to enter a plea of guilty to a misdemeanor citation,
       and if the clerk is authorized to accept such a plea and fine under Rule 14, the
       clerk shall accept the plea of guilty by having the defendant sign a written plea of
       guilty on the face of the court's copy of the citation and collect the fine and court
       costs as provided by Rule 14.

(Emphasis added.)
3
        Idaho Misdemeanor Criminal Rule 14(b)(1) limits the clerk’s authority to accept a written
guilty plea to motor vehicle offenses where the required bail bond does not exceed $271.00. The
required bail bond for a misdemeanor DUI charge exceeds that amount. I.M.C.R. 13.

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