Court Opinion

ID: 1046883
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 02:40:24.960276+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:05:11.150707
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT NASHVILLE
                                August 24, 2011 Session

           FRED H. GILLHAM v. CITY OF MT. PLEASANT, ET AL.

                 Appeal from the Chancery Court for Maury County
                        No. 10222   Robert L. Jones, Judge

                No. M2010-02506-COA-R3-CV - Filed March 29, 2012

A residential property owner challenged the procedures used by a planning commission and
city commission in granting a rezoning application submitted by two industrial companies.
The companies asked that the zoning for 95.2 acres of land be changed from agricultural to
special impact industrial for the purpose of developing a landfill to dispose of salt cake
produced as a byproduct of their smelting businesses. The property owner also asserted that
two of the commissioners had a conflict of interest and that their participation granting the
application invalidated the procedure. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss and motion
for judgment on the pleadings. The trial court granted the defendants’ motions after
concluding the planning commission and city commission complied with the procedural
requirements of Tenn. Code Ann. §§13-7-203(a) and 6-20-215 and that the two
commissioners had no conflict of interest since they had no ownership interest in the
rezoning applicants. We affirm the trial court’s judgment dismissing the property owner’s
complaint.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed

P ATRICIA J. C OTTRELL, P.J., M.S., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which F RANK G.
C LEMENT, J R. and A NDY D. B ENNETT, JJ., joined.

Roger Alan Maness, Clarksville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Fred H. Gillham.

E. Leith Marsh, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellees, City of Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee, Mt.
Pleasant Planning Commission, Richard Hendrix, and Maury Colvett; M. Clark Spoden and
Corinne Elizabeth Martin, Nashville, Tennessee for the appellees, Tennessee Aluminum
Processors, Inc., and Smelter Services Corporation.
                                            O PINION

        The complainant in this zoning dispute is Fred A. Gillham, a residential landowner
in Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee, who lives near real property that was rezoned from Agricultural
to M-3 Special Industrial. He filed a complaint challenging the procedure the Planning
Commission and City Commission followed in rezoning the land at issue and named the
companies seeking the rezoning as well as the city and individual commissioners as
defendants. In response to a motion to dismiss and motion for judgment on the pleadings,
the trial court dismissed Mr. Gillham’s complaint. Mr. Gillham appeals the trial court’s
dismissal of his complaint.

                               I. M R. G ILLHAM’S C OMPLAINT

       Mr. Gillham asserted the following facts in his complaint. Tennessee Aluminum
Processors, Inc. (“TAP”) and Smelter Services Corporation (“Smelter Services”) operate
aluminum smelting businesses in Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee. The smelting process produces
a granular mineral by-product commonly known as salt cake. In December 2009 TAP and
Smelter Services submitted an application to the Mt. Pleasant Planning Commission to
rezone 95.2 acres of land on Hoover Mason Road from Agricultural to M-3 (Special Impact
Industrial) for the purpose of using the property as a landfill for the disposal of their salt cake
by-product.

       The Planning Commission met on January 5, 2010, to consider TAP and Smelter
Services’ request. The Planning Commission voted at that time to forward TAP and Smelter
Service’s request to the City Commission with an unfavorable recommendation.

        The City Commission met two weeks later, on January 19, and during that session the
commissioners considered TAP and Smelter Service’s request, which by that time had
become known as Ordinance 2010-906. The ordinance passed on the first reading by a vote
of 3 to 2. A public hearing was held nearly a month later, on February 16. A second reading
of the ordinance followed the public hearing, and the ordinance passed again by a vote of 3
to 2. The two individual commissioners named as defendants, Richard Hendrix and Maury
Colvett, voted in favor of the ordinance on both occasions.

       The general manager of the Mt. Pleasant Power System (“MPPS”), Derek Church,
prepared a document dated January 5, 2010, that was entitled “The Financial Impact on the
Mount Pleasant Power System Due to the Loss of Electrical Power Sales to Smelter Service
Corporation and Tennessee Aluminum Processors.” In the first paragraph of the document
Mr. Church wrote:

                                                -2-
       The following study was initiated by the concern of any further loss of sales,
       particularly to our two largest consumers of electric power, namely Tennessee
       Aluminum Processors and Smelter Services Corporation. This study is merely
       a representation of the financial impact that MPPS would experience based on
       the loss of electric power sales and in no way is an indicator of the beliefs or
       support by MPPS or its Board of Directors of any project that is associated
       with these industries.

       Mr. Church stated in this document that if TAP and Smelter Services were to relocate
their businesses elsewhere, away from Mt. Pleasant, the MPPS would suffer a “devastating
financial impact.” Mr. Church estimated the electric power rates would increase by 31% to
the remaining customer base, which could be minimized if the city were able to attract other
manufacturing facilities or large electric power consumers. Mr. Church explained that he
prepared the analysis “to ready the Mount Pleasant Power System and its customers in the
event of the additional loss of revenue.”

      Defendant Richard Hendrix is the Mayor of Mt. Pleasant and is a member of the City
Commission. As Mayor, Mr. Hendrix sits on the board of the MPPS. Defendant Maury
Colvett is employed by the MPPS and is also a member of the City Commission.

        Mr. Gillham alleged in his complaint that Mr. Church’s document was a “position
paper” that contained factual misstatements and was “a lobbying effort generated to created
irrational fear in the mind of the public and provide cover for the vote of HENDRIX and
COLVETT, in favor of the rezoning application.” Mr. Gillham further asserted that “[i]t is
reasonable to conclude that said position paper was produced at the behest of HENDRIX who
sits as a member of the power board.”

       Debbie McMullin, the City Manager and Chief Financial Officer of Mt. Pleasant,
prepared a Memorandum dated January 20, 2010, that was addressed to the Mayor, Vice-
Mayor, and Commissioners. Ms. McMullin began her Memorandum by stating:

       First of all, let me preface this memo by saying I am in no way trying to
       influence your vote either way on the upcoming “landfill” issue. . . . The entire
       purpose of this memo is to fulfill my duty as the Chief Financial Officer for the
       City to be sure you have all the facts and have weighed all the factors so you
       can make an informed decision when you cast your vote. I am in no way telling
       you I believe the two companies involved in this matter will leave Mt. Pleasant
       if they don’t get the landfill. I am simply making you aware of the financial
       fallout of such a move if it were to occur.

                                              -3-
        In her memorandum, Ms. McMullin stated that TAP is one of the top ten taxpayers to
the city, and the loss of both TAP and Smelter Services as taxypayers would result in the loss
of $30,000 in tax revenue. Ms. McMullin indicated every remaining taxpayer in Mt. Pleasant
would have to pay 5% more in taxes to make up for this loss. She also stated that TAP and
Smelter Services contribute so much to the city’s water and sewer budget that losing their
revenue would require a 5% increase in the water rate and a 2% increase in the sewer rate to
maintain the same water and sewer budget. Finally, Ms. McMullin stated that TAP
contributes $108,000 annually to the city’s gas revenue, and gas rates for remaining
customers would increase by 5% to recover that lost revenue if TAP were to relocate away
from Mt. Pleasant.

       Mr. Gillham made assertions in his complaint about Ms. McMullin’s memorandum
similar to those he made about Mr. Church’s memorandum. He alleged that this
memorandum “is transparently a lobbying paper intended for the purpose of creating irrational
fear that TAP and SS would close their Mt. Pleasant operations if the rezoning application
were not approved and to provide cover for the vote of HENDRIX and COLVETT.” As with
Mr. Church’s document, Mr. Gillham asserted “[i]t is reasonable to conclude that the
McMullin ‘Memo’ was produced at the request of HENDRIX.”

        Mr. Gillham asserted both Mr. Hendrix and Mr. Colvett had a conflict of interest with
respect to the rezoning application. With regard to Mr. Hendrix, Mr. Gillham complained the
City “illegally became directly identified with and an advocate for the rezoning application
of TAP/SS which would purely benefit two (2) private companies and which was opposed by
a substantial percentage of its citizenry.” Mr. Gillham’s complaint with regard to Mr. Colvett
is that Mr. Colvett is employed by the MPPS, is subordinate to Mr. Church and Mayor
Hendrix, and the MPPS had become an advocate for the rezoning application by the time the
City Commission first met on January 5 to consider Ordinance 2010-906.

       In addition to alleging that Mr. Hendrix’s and Mr. Colvett’s conflicts of interest
rendered their votes in favor of the application invalid, Mr. Gillham alleged the Planning
Commission and the City Commission failed to follow procedural steps required by Mt.
Pleasant’s zoning ordinance, charter, and state law. Specifically, Mr. Gillham complained the
Planning Commission failed to conduct the review required by Mt. Pleasant’s zoning
ordinance before it submitted TAP and Smelter Services’ rezoning application to the City
Commission. Mr. Gillham faulted the City Commission for failing to conduct a public
hearing on the rezoning application before the ordinance’s first reading on January 19.

       Finally, Mr. Gillham asserted there was no rational basis for the adoption of the

                                             -4-
rezoning application because the state of science and technology relating to industrial landfills
has not materially changed since the last time TAP and Smelter Services submitted a similar
application for rezoning in 2007.
                                 II. T RIAL C OURT O RDER

       The City of Mt. Pleasant, the City Commission, the Planning Commission, Mr.
Hendrix, and Mr. Colvett filed a joint motion to dismiss in lieu of an answer, pursuant to
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.02(6), in which they argued Mr. Gillham had failed to state a claim upon
which relief could be granted.1 TAP and Smelter Services filed a motion for judgment on the
pleadings pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.03.

        Following a hearing during which it considered both motions, the trial court issued an
Order granting the motions and dismissing Mr. Gillham’s complaint in its entirety. The court
stated the following in its Order:

              Both defense motions . . . contend that the City Commission’s procedure
       of adopting, the disputed ordinance number 2010-906 was legally proper,
       following two different readings and affirmative majority of votes on January
       19, 2010, with a public hearing preceding the second reading and passage. This
       Court agrees that the procedure was proper under the City’s charter and state
       law. Before any Mt. Pleasant ordinance is properly “adopted” or “enacted,” it
       must receive an affirmative vote of “passage” by a majority of commissioners
       on two dates at least a week apart with at least fifteen days’ notice before a
       public hearing to be held before enactment. The Plaintiff’s theory seems to
       confuse the distinction between the word “passage” and the word “enacted.”
       The Plaintiff’s challenge of the ordinance adoption procedure is without merit.

               The Plaintiff also challenges the ordinance on the basis that the Planning
       Commission failing [sic] to do an adequate “review” of various factors before
       it vote, [sic] but that requirement is made moot by the majority of the Planning
       Commission voting against recommending the rezoning application and the
       City Commission subsequently approving the rezoning ordinance. The final
       authority to decide a zoning issue rests with the City Commission and the
       failure of the Planning Commission to follow procedure, even if true, cannot
       deprive the City Commission of its authority to approve a zoning change, even
       if opposed by the Planning Commission. If the Plaintiff’s legal arguments and

        1
         In their motion to dismiss, Mr. Hendrix and Mr. Colvett requested that they be dismissed from the
complaint, even if Mr. Gillham’s action was not dismissed in its entirety, because no relief was sought
against them personally.

                                                  -5-
       suggested conclusions were correct, a majority of the Planning Commission
       could defeat any rezoning effort and deny the City Commission its ultimate
       authority. This Court therefore concludes that the Plaintiff’s legal conclusions
       as alleged in the Complaint are not legally correct, even if the factual
       allegations are assumed to be true for purposes of these motions under Rule
       12.02(6) and Rule 12.03.

               The Defendants next attack the Plaintiff’s allegations that the votes of
       Mayor Hendrix and Commissioner Colvett were not legally cast because of
       conflicts of interest, but those conclusions are not legally correct for the facts
       alleged. Specifically, there are no allegations in the complaint that the mayor
       or the commissioner had any interest in the two corporations owning the subject
       property and seeking rezoning. It is apparently true that Commissioner Colvett
       works for the Mt. Pleasant Power System and that Mayor Hendrix serves on the
       power system’s board, but the power system is not the entity seeking a
       rezoning. [Mr. Gillham] specifically alleges that the Mt. Pleasant Power
       System is a “branch of” and “owned by” the City. Therefore, there is no
       conflict of interest between the power system and the city which owns it. There
       would be a legitimate conflict of interest issue only if the complaint alleged that
       (1) Mayor Hendrix or Commissioner Colvett had some interest in the Property
       Owner Defendants or the property itself, or (2) the power system was not a part
       of the City. Therefore, the conflict of interest issues are without legal merit.

              The Defendants are also correct in their contention that this Court may
       not “second guess” the chief legislative body of the City of Mt. Pleasant in
       deciding whether or not the City’s decision on rezoning was “rational” or
       otherwise appropriate. Such decisions are not within the jurisdiction of the
       judicial branch of government.

       Mr. Gillham appeals the trial court’s dismissal of his complaint and alleges the court
erred in almost every ruling it made.2

                                     III. S TANDARD OF R EVIEW

      A motion filed pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.02(6) and a motion filed pursuant to
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.03 both test the legal sufficiency of the complaint itself. Webb v.

        2
         While not contested in this appeal, the trial court also concluded Mr. Hendrix and Mr. Colvett were
“not necessary or even appropriate parties to this civil action” because the complaint sought no specific relief
against either individual.

                                                     -6-
Nashville Area Habitat for Humanity, 346 S.W.3d 422, 426 (Tenn. 2011); Willis v. Dept. of
Corrections, 113 S.W.3d 706, 710 (Tenn. 2003); Doe v. Sundquist, 2 S.W.3d 919, 922 (Tenn.
1999); McClenahan v. Cooley, 806 S.W.2d 767, 769 (Tenn. 1991); see Timmins v. Lindsey,
310 S.W.3d 834, 838 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2009) (a defendant’s motion for judgment on the
pleadings is essentially a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can
be granted) (citing Waldron v. Delffs, 988 S.W.2d 182, 184 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998)). Such
motions do not test the strength of the plaintiff’s proof. Highwoods Props v. City of Memphis,
297 S.W.3d 695, 700 (Tenn. 2009); Willis, 113 S.W.3d at 710; Doe, 2 S.W.3d at 922;
Timmins, 310 S.W.3d at 838-39.

       A complaint should not be dismissed pursuant to Rule 12.02(6) or Rule 12.03 unless
it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim that
would entitle him to relief. Willis, 113 S.W.3d at 710; Timmins, 310 S.W.3d at 838; Sullivant
v. Americana Homes, 605 S.W.2d 246 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1980).

        The moving party admits the truth of all the relevant and material factual allegations
in the complaint for purposes of such a motion, but asserts that no cause of action arises from
those facts. Brown v. Tenn. Title Loans, 328 S.W.3d 850, 854 (Tenn. 2010); Winchester v.
Little, 996 S.W.2d 818, 821-22 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998); Smith v. First Union Nat'l Bank, 958
S.W.2d 113, 115 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997). A court reviewing a complaint being tested by a
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.02(6) or 12.03 motion must construe the complaint liberally in favor of
the plaintiff by taking all factual allegations in the complaint as true, and by giving the
plaintiff the benefit of all the inferences that can be reasonably drawn from the pleaded facts.
Cherokee Country Club v. City of Knoxville, 152 S.W.3d 466, 470 (Tenn. 2004); Stein v.
Davidson Hotel Co., 945 S.W.2d 714, 716 (Tenn. 1997).

       On appeal from an order granting a Rule 12.02(6) motion or a Rule 12.03 motion, this
court must, like the trial court, presume that the factual allegations in the complaint are true,
and we must review the trial court's legal conclusions regarding the adequacy of the complaint
de novo, with no presumption of correctness. Brown v. Tenn. Title Loans, 328 S.W.3d 850,
854 (Tenn. 2010); Cherokee Country Club, 152 S.W.3d at 470; Willis, 113 S.W.3d at 710;
Stein, 945 S.W.2d at 716; 421 Corporation v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville and
Davidson County, 36 S.W.3d 469, 479 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000).

                       IV. R EVIEW BY THE P LANNING C OMMISSION

      Mr. Gillham claims that Section 8.400A of Mt. Pleasant’s zoning ordinance required
the Mt. Pleasant Planning Commission to perform a detailed review of TAP and Smelter
Services’ application for rezoning the 95.2 acres at issue before issuing a recommendation to
the City Commission, regardless of whether the recommendation was favorable or

                                               -7-
unfavorable. Mr. Gillham argues the Planning Commission’s failure to conduct this review
voids the City Commission’s ultimate adoption of Ordinance 2010-906.

       According to Mr. Gillham’s complaint, section 8.400A provides as follows:

       At the time the application is filed, a proposed review of the location, design
       configuration and its impact will be conducted by comparing the proposed use,
       the preliminary development plan, the operational data, and the environmental
       assessments to the site location criteria. This review will evaluate whether the
       proposed use should be permitted through a rezoning to the M-3, Special
       Impact Industrial District, by weighing public need for and benefit to be derived
       from against the local impacts which it may cause.

Section 8.400A does not specify by whom the review is to be conducted. It is reasonable to
conclude that the Planning Commission is generally the appropriate body to make such a
review or evaluation. Tennessee Code Annotated §13-7-204 requires that zoning applications
be submitted to the local planning commission before being submitted to the “chief legislative
body,” such as the City Commission:

       The zoning ordinance, including the maps, may from time to time be amended;
       but no amendment shall become effective unless it is first submitted to and
       approved by the planning commission or, if disapproved, receives the favorable
       vote of a majority of the entire membership of the chief legislative body.

        Three cases cited by Mr. Gillham confirm that a zoning application must be submitted
to a planning commission before being submitted to and adopted by the legislative body of
a county or city.3 See Edwards v. Allen, 216 S.W.3d 278, 293 (Tenn. 2007) (county board of
commission may not rezone property unless planning commission has first considered zoning
change); Westland West Cmty. Ass’n v. Knox County, 948 S.W.2d 281, 281-83 (Tenn. 1997)
(zoning proposal must first be submitted to regional planning commission before being
submitted to county commission); Haynes v. City of Pigeon Forge, TN, 883 S.W.2d 619, 622
(Tenn. Ct. App. 1994) (city may not amend zoning ordinance unless proposed amendment is
first submitted to planning commission for consideration).

        3
         While Mr. Gillham cites these cases in support of his argument that the Planning Commission was
required to perform a detailed review before the City Commission could act on the rezoning application, the
opinions do not address the type of review the Commission must conduct.

                                                   -8-
        Mr. Gillham’s complaint confirms that the Planning Commission considered TAP and
Smelter Services’ rezoning application before forwarding it on to the City Commission, but
it does not indicate the procedure the Planning Commission followed before sending it on.
Since the Planning Commission considered the application, it must have conducted some sort
of “review” or “evaluation” in order to reach its decision to forward the application to the
Planning Commission with an unfavorable recommendation.

        In any event, we agree with the trial court’s conclusion that the issue is irrelevant since
the Planning Commission did not vote in favor of recommending the application, and the
application was forwarded on to the City Commission for its consideration consistent with the
statutory scheme governing zoning amendments. The express language of Tenn. Code Ann.
§13-7-204 provides that even if a planning commission recommends disapproval of a
proposed zoning amendment, the chief legislative body is authorized to override the planning
commission’s decision and enact the amendment. Mt. Pleasant’s zoning ordinance must
comply with, and not contradict, the statutory scheme set forth in Tenn. Code Ann. §§13-7-
201 et seq., governing Municipal Zoning. See Tenn. Code Ann. §13-7-201(a)(1) (chief
legislative body of any municipality may regulate uses of land “in accordance with the
conditions and the procedure specified in this part”).

       Since the City Commission is the body that is authorized to enact zoning amendments,
if we were to adopt Mr. Gillham’s position, we would be construing the ordinance provision
in a way that would allow the Planning Commission to prevent the City Commission from
considering a zoning change in the future simply by failing to conduct a particular kind of
review. Consequently, we hold the trial court correctly ruled that any deficiency in review by
the Planning Commission, even if some deficiency may have occurred, did not affect the City
Commission’s later approval of TAP and Smelter Services’ rezoning application.

                             V. P UBLIC H EARING R EQUIREMENT

        Mr. Gillham acknowledges that a public hearing was held on February 16, 2010, before
the second reading of the ordinance, and before the ordinance was enacted. Mr. Gillham
contends, however, that the City Commission was required to hold a public hearing before the
first reading of Ordinance 2010-906 on January 19.

        Tennessee Code Annotated §13-7-203(a), applicable to zoning legislation, provides
as follows:

       Before enacting the zoning ordinance or any amendment thereof, the chief
       legislative body shall hold a public hearing thereon, at least fifteen (15) days’
       notice of the time and place of which shall be published in the official

                                                -9-
       municipal journal or in a newspaper of general circulation in the municipality.
       (Emphasis added.)

       By its clear language, the statute merely requires that a public hearing be held, after 15
days’ public notice, before a zoning amendment is enacted into law. The public hearing held
by the City Commissioner clearly meets that statutory requirement.

       Tennessee Code Annotated §6-20-215 prescribes “ordinance procedure” for specific
types of local governments and is applicable to Mt. Pleasant. That statute is not inconsistent
with §13-7-203(a) and sets out the procedure necessary before an ordinance may become
enacted into law.

       (a) Every ordinance shall be read two (2) different days in open session before
       its adoption, and not less than one (1) week shall elapse between first and
       second readings, and any ordinance not so read shall be null and void. Any city
       incorporated under chapters 18-22 of this title may establish by ordinance a
       procedure to read only the caption of an ordinance, instead of the entire
       ordinance, on both readings. Copies of such ordinances shall be available
       during regular business hours at the office of the city recorder and during
       sessions in which the ordinance has its second reading.

       (b) An ordinance shall not take effect until fifteen (15) days after the first
       passage thereof, except in case of an emergency ordinance. An emergency
       ordinance may become effective upon the day of its final passage; provided,
       that it shall contain the statement that an emergency exists and shall specify the
       distinct facts and reasons constituting such an emergency.4

        There is no issue about the City Commission’s compliance with the requirements of
this statute in the adoption of the rezoning ordinance. Mr. Gillham essentially argues that the
public hearing must be held prior to the first reading. We find no basis in the statutes to
support this reading.

       The City Commission complied with both Tenn. Code Ann. §13-7-203(a) and § 6-20-
215(a). We find no merit to Mr. Gillham’s argument that the procedures used were deficient.
As the trial court stated, that argument seems to equate passage with enactment. The statutes
clearly differentiate between the two.

        4
            Mt. Pleasant’s Charter §6-20-215 mirrors Tenn. Code Ann. §6-20-215.

                                                   -10-
       The meanings of sections 13-7-203(a) and 6-20-215 are clear and unambiguous. We
therefore affirm the trial court’s judgment that section 13-7-203(a) does not require a public
hearing before the first reading of a zoning application and hold that the City Commission
followed the proper procedure in enacting Ordinance 2010-906.

                                VI. C ONFLICTS OF I NTEREST

       Mr. Gillham next argues Mayor Hendrix and Mr. Colvett had conflicts of interest that
should have prevented them from voting on Ordinance 2010-906. Following the public
hearing that was held on February 16, 2010, Mr. Gillham’s lawyer objected to the
involvement of the City and of the MPPS in advocating for a “private rezoning application.”
As Mr. Gillham asserts in his complaint, Mr. Gillham’s lawyer “advised the Commission that
both HENDRIX and COLVETT had an incurable direct conflict of interest as a result of the
improper and illegal involvement of the CITY’s acting City Manager/Finance Director and
the General Manager of the Power System in the matter.”

       The only basis for Mr. Gillham’s allegations of conflict of interest is the fact that both
Mayor Hendrix and Commissioner Colvett had public duties in their roles with the power
system. In other words, Mr. Gillham has never claimed that either the mayor or the
commissioner had any personal or private interest in the outcome of the rezoning procedure.
There is no allegation that either man could possibly profit personally from the rezoning.
Neither is alleged to have any ownership or other interest in the two companies that sought
the change in zoning.

      The Tennessee Attorney General has issued an opinion addressing a member of the
General Assembly’s conflict of interest, and has stated:

       Broadly speaking, a conflict of interest may be defined as the use of a public
       office to advance private interests at the expense of the public interest. More
       specifically, a conflict of interest has been said to exist [ ] whenever a legislator
       or other public official has placed himself in a position where, for some
       advantage gained or to be gained for himself, he finds it difficult if not
       impossible to devote himself with complete energy, loyalty and singleness of
       purpose to the general public interest. The advantage that he seeks is something
       over and above the salary, the experience, the chance to serve the people, and
       the public esteem that he gains from public office.

Tenn. Op. Att’y Gen. No. 85-036, 1985 WL 193578 (Tenn. A.G. Feb. 14, 1985) (citations
omitted). The allegations by Mr. Gillham do not in any way implicate the kinds of interests
generally considered as a potential source of conflicts with duties of public officials.

                                               -11-
        Instead, Mr. Gillham’s objections arise from the connection Mayor Hendrix and
Commissioner Colvett have with the local government’s electric power system. The Mount
Pleasant Power System is a branch of, or an entity of, the City. Mr. Gillham focuses on the
fact that Mayor Hendrix sits on the board of the MPPS and that Mr. Colvett is employed by
the MPPS. We see no conflict of interest arising from public duties to the City and all its
entities. Indeed, a mayor or commission member must generally consider the needs and
welfare of the city as a whole.

                                           -12-
       The Tennessee General Assembly has recognized the possibility that a city official’s
personal interests, specifically employment with the city, may sometimes be perceived as
creating a potential conflict with his or her public duties. An example might occur when a
commissioner who is also a municipal employee is called upon to vote on proposed salary and
pay plans. Tennessee Code Annotated §6-20-205(b)(1) provides guidance in that situation.

       Any member of a local governing body of a county or a municipality who is
       also an employee of such county or municipality may vote on matters in which
       such member has a conflict of interest if the member informs the governing
       body immediately prior to the vote as follows:

               “Because I am an employee of (name of governmental unit), I
               have a conflict of interest in the proposal about to be voted.
               However, I declare that my argument and my vote answer only
               to my conscience and to my obligation to my constituents and the
               citizens this body represents.”

       After Mr. Gillham’s attorney publicly indicated that Mayor Hendrix and Mr. Colvett
had conflicts of interest, both read the conflict disclosure as set out in Tenn. Code Ann. §6-20-
205 following the public hearing, before voting in favor of the ordinance.

       Mr. Gillham’s primary objection seems to be with the position papers or memoranda
furnished to the City Commission and prepared by Mr. Church, the General Manager of the
Mount Pleasant Power System (addressing the effects on the MPPS customers if TAP and/or
Smelter Services left Mt. Pleasant) and by Debbie McMullin, the City Manager and Finance
Director (providing information on the contributions of TAP and Smelter Services to the
City’s tax base and utility budgets). Mr. Gillham argues that both MPPS and the City
“illegally and improperly became an advocate for and therefore identified with the TAP/SS
rezoning application.” Nothing in the memoranda suggests this conclusion, and the language
of both is contrary to this assertion.5

        We construe the actions of Mayor Hendrix and Mr. Colvett in considering the
memoranda furnished to all members of the Commission as simply receiving information
relevant to their duties to vote for or against the rezoning application. As mayor and members
of the city commission, they were obligated to make a decision in the interest of the city as
they saw that interest. To perform their duties, they should consider all information relevant
to that interest.

        5
        Even if Mr. Gillham’s characterizations were accurate, there is nothing inherently wrong or illegal
about municipal departments or officials taking positions on issues of public interest.

                                                  -13-
       Neither Mayor Hendrix nor Mr. Colvett had a conflict of interest in the rezoning
application of TAP and Smelter Services. They still read into the record the language of
Tenn. Code Ann. §6-20-205(b)(1) prior to voting on the ordinance, at which point each
declared his “vote answer[ed] only to [his] conscience and to [his] obligation to [his]
constituents and the citizens this body represents.” We affirm the trial court’s holding that
Mayor Hendrix’s vote and Mr. Colvett’s vote in favor of Ordinance 2010-906 did not render
the process invalid.

                       VII. J UDICIAL R EVIEW OF Z ONING O RDINANCES

        Mr. Gillham’s final argument is that the trial court erred in rejecting his argument that
the City Commission had no rational basis for enacting Ordinance 2010-906.6 In rejecting Mr.
Gillham’s argument, the trial court explained it “may not ‘second guess’ the chief legislative
body of the City of Mt. Pleasant in deciding whether or not the City’s decision on rezoning
was ‘rational’ or otherwise appropriate [because] [s]uch decisions are not within the
jurisdiction of the judicial branch of government.”

       “When a municipal governing body acts under its delegated police powers either to
adopt or amend a zoning ordinance, it acts in a legislative capacity and the scope of judicial
review of such action is quite restricted.” Fallin v. Knox County Bd. of Comm’rs, 656 S.W.2d
338, 342 (Tenn. 1983). As the Fallin court explained:

       Zoning is a legislative matter, and, as a general proposition, the exercise of the
       zoning power should not be subjected to judicial interference unless clearly
       necessary. In enacting or amending zoning legislation, the local authorities are
       vested with broad discretion and, in cases where the validity of a zoning
       ordinance is fairly debatable, the court cannot substitute its judgment for that
       of the legislative authority. If there is a rational or justifiable basis for the
       enactment and it does not violate any state statute or positive constitutional
       guaranty, the wisdom of the zoning regulation is a matter exclusively for
       legislative determination.

       In accordance with these principles, it has been stated that the courts should not
       interfere with the exercise of the zoning power and hold a zoning enactment

        6
         Mr. Gillham’s argument is that TAP and Smelter Services submitted a similar rezoning application
in 2007 that the City Commission denied; the state of science and technology relating to industrial landfills
has not materially advanced since that time; and therefore the City Commission had no rational basis for
granting the application in 2010.

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       invalid, unless the enactment, in whole or in relation to any particular property,
       is shown to be clearly arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable, having no
       substantial relation to the public health, safety, or welfare, or is plainly contrary
       to the zoning laws. 82 Am. Jur. 2d Zoning and Planning § 338 (1976) at
       913–14.

Fallin, 656 S.W.2d at 342-43; see Gann v. City of Chattanooga, 2008 WL 4415583, at *2-3
(Tenn. Ct. App. Sept. 30, 2008) (court cannot substitute its judgment for that of the legislative
authority where validity of zoning ordinance is fairly debatable); Citizens for a Better
Johnson City v. City of Johnson City, Tennessee, 2001 WL 766997, at *4 (Tenn. Ct. App. July
10, 2001) (zoning decision has rational basis if “any possible reason can be conceived to
justify it”).

       In this appeal we are not called upon, and have no authority, to decide whether or not
we agree with the City Commission’s decision to grant the rezoning application. Having
already determined that TAP and Smelter Services complied with the procedural requirements
in submitting their application to the Planning Commission, and that the City Commission
complied with the procedural requirements in granting the application, we have no authority
on which to set aside the City Commission’s decision so long as it is not clearly arbitrary,
capricious, or unreasonable.

        There is nothing in Mr. Gillham’s complaint that, if the facts alleged were proved,
would establish that the decision to rezone the 95.2 acres at issue to M-3 Special Industrial
was clearly arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable. Mr. Gillham’s complaint did not allege any
facts that would lead to the legal conclusion that no possible reason can be conceived to
justify the rezoning. We therefore affirm the trial court’s ruling on this issue.

                                      VIII. C ONCLUSION

       For the reasons set forth above, we conclude that Mr. Gillham can prove no set of facts
in support of his claims that would entitle him to relief. Accordingly, we affirm the trial
court’s judgment in all respects. Costs of this appeal shall be taxed to Fred H. Gillham, for
which execution shall issue if necessary.

                                                      _________________________________
                                                      PATRICIA J. COTTRELL, JUDGE

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