Court Opinion

ID: 2767054
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-01-06 23:06:57.789059+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:26:22.521191
License: Public Domain

J-S71016-14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P 65.37

IN RE D.A.G.                            :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :          PENNSYLVANIA
                                        :
APPEAL OF S.T.R., MOTHER                :
                                        :        No. 1310 MDA 2014
                                        :

                  Appeal from the Order entered July 11, 2014
                 in the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
                      Orphans’ Court Division, at No. 83403

IN RE J.I.G.                            :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :          PENNSYLVANIA
                                        :
APPEAL OF S.T.R., MOTHER                :
                                        :        No. 1310 MDA 2014
                                        :

                  Appeal from the Order entered July 11, 2014
                 in the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
                      Orphans’ Court Division, at No. 83404

IN RE L.M.A.G.                          :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :          PENNSYLVANIA
                                        :
APPEAL OF S.T.R., MOTHER                :
                                        :        No. 1310 MDA 2014
                                        :

                  Appeal from the Order entered July 11, 2014
                 in the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
                      Orphans’ Court Division, at No. 83405

IN RE JA’S.T.-H.G.                      :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :          PENNSYLVANIA
                                        :
APPEAL OF S.T.R., MOTHER                :
                                        :        No. 1310 MDA 2014
                                        :
J-S71016-14

                   Appeal from the Order entered July 11, 2014
                  in the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
                       Orphans’ Court Division, at No. 83406

IN RE J.J.R.-M.                           :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :          PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
APPEAL OF S.T.R., MOTHER                  :
                                          :         No. 1310 MDA 2014
                                          :

                   Appeal from the Order entered July 11, 2014
                  in the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
                       Orphans’ Court Division, at No. 83407

IN RE SA’M.ZE’S.-G.                       :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :          PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
APPEAL OF S.T.R., MOTHER                  :
                                          :         No. 1310 MDA 2014
                                          :

                   Appeal from the Order entered July 11, 2014
                  in the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
                       Orphans’ Court Division, at No. 83408

IN RE A.R.R.-G.                           :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :          PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
APPEAL OF S.T.R., MOTHER                  :
                                          :         No. 1310 MDA 2014
                                          :

                   Appeal from the Order entered July 11, 2014
                  in the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
                       Orphans’ Court Division, at No. 83409

BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., PANELLA, AND FITZGERALD, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J.                          FILED JANUARY 06, 2015


    Former Justice specially assigned to Superior Court.

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      S.T.R. (Mother) appeals from the orders of the Court of Common Pleas

of Berks County, entered on July 11, 2014, that terminated her parental

rights to her seven children: D.A.G., born in April 2003; J.I.G., born in July

2004; L.M.A.G., born in July 2005; JA’S.T.-H.G., born in March 2007; J.J.R.-

M., born in April 2008; SA’M.ZE’S.G., born in May 2011; and A.R.R.-G., born

in July 2012.     There is an abundance of evidence necessitating the

termination of Mother’s parental rights.1 What makes this a case of note is a

procedural irregularity:   counsel for Mother filed just one notice of appeal

from the seven orders, each entered at its own docket number, terminating

her parental rights.       As explained below, we hold that the unique

circumstances of this case did not necessitate the filing of multiple notices of

appeal.

      We begin by addressing the procedural irregularity.       When Mother’s

attorney filed the appeal here, he filed one notice of appeal for all seven of

the trial court’s orders terminating Mother’s parental rights. Upon receipt of

this filing, this Court issued an order directing Mother’s attorney to show

cause why this appeal should not be quashed for acting contrary to the Note

1
    The trial court also terminated the parental rights of the fathers and
unknown or putative fathers of the Children. None of them filed an appeal
of those terminations.

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to Rule 341 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure, regarding final

orders. Mother’s attorney filed a timely response.2

       The filing of one notice of appeal from orders entered at different

docket numbers “has long been discouraged.” 20 G. Ronald Darlington, et

al., Pennsylvania Appellate Practice § 341:3.102 (2013-2014 ed.) (footnote

omitted). This policy is set forth in the Note to Rule 341, which states that

“[w]here, however, one or more orders resolve issues arising on more than

2
    Mother’s attorney answered the following in response to our order:

       1. The above captioned matters were heard by the Court of
       Common Pleas at one hearing;

       2. The Honorable Court issued one Opinion for all the children,
       attached as Exhibit 1;

       3. There is only one appellant who is the mother of all seven
       children;

       4. The appeal of all seven orders was treated the same as was
       done by the lower court;

       5. The appeal has merit as set forth in the Docketing Statement,
       section F2, attached as Exhibit 2;

       6. [Mother] should not suffer due to an error made by her court
       appointed counsel;

       7. [Mother’s counsel] has filed a single appeal and Docketing
       Statement for multiple children in other cases involving
       termination of parental rights and never been informed
       that it was error to do so;

       8. It is in the interest of judicial economy that these matters be
       treated as a single unified appeal.

Mother’s Brief, at I-II (located between pages 2 and 3).

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one docket or relating to more than one judgment, separate notices of

appeal must be filed.” Pa.R.A.P., 341 Note.

     Courts, however, have not automatically quashed such appeals.       For

instance, our Supreme Court considered this question in General Electric

Credit Corp. v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., 263 A.2d 448 (Pa. 1970),

where the appellant filed a single appeal from two separate judgments

entered against it. Upon considering these facts, our Supreme Court stated:

     Taking one appeal from several judgments is not acceptable
     practice and is discouraged. It has been held that a single
     appeal is incapable of bringing on for review more than one final
     order, judgment or decree.           When circumstances have
     permitted, however, we have refrained from quashing the whole
     appeal, but this Court has quashed such appeals where no
     meaningful choice could be made.

Id. at 452-453 (internal citations and footnotes omitted).

     Similarly, this Court, citing General Electric Credit Corp., declined to

quash where counsel for appellants filed only one notice of appeal from

separate orders denying each appellant’s motion to intervene.            See

Egenrieder v. Ohio Casualty Group, 581 A.2d 937, 940 n.3 (Pa. Super.

1990). The panel noted that counsel should have filed a separate notice of

appeal for each appellant and that the appeals would then have been subject

to consolidation. See id. But see Commonwealth v. C.M.K., 932 A.2d

111 (Pa. Super. 2007) (court quashing single notice of appeal by criminal

co-defendants who were tried jointly but sentenced individually).

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      Thus, the filing of one notice of appeal is “discouraged,” but both our

Supreme Court and this Court have refrained from quashing an appeal

where “circumstances have permitted.” Our examination of the procedural

posture of this case leads us to the conclusion that the circumstances here

permit us to exercise discretion and permit these appeals.

      The circumstances we consider here are easily discernable from the

record.   The trial court issued all seven of the orders based on its

consideration of one set of facts that applied equally to all the children. The

orders are identical, differing from each other only in that they contain

separate docket numbers and the names of the individual children. Mother’s

attorney, in his questions presented, has raised two issues that apply equally

to all seven orders. The disposition of those two questions will dispose of all

seven appeals.

      If Mother’s attorney had filed seven separate appeals, this Court would

likely have consolidated them pursuant to Rule 513 of the Pennsylvania

Rules of Appellate Procedure that provides that this Court, “in its discretion,”

may consolidate cases to be argued together where, “the same question is

involved in two or more appeals in different cases.” Pa.R.A.P. 513. That is

clearly the case here.

      We will not quash Mother’s appeal, but, in the interest of judicial

economy, will accept it. Additionally, the circumstances of Mother’s appeal

are not unique. In many cases in which trial courts have considered and will

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consider the termination of parental rights, there are two or more children

affected by the termination. Therefore, we will forward this decision to the

Appellate Rules Committee to consider whether a single notice of appeal is

sufficient in a termination of parental rights case, where a parent’s rights to

more than one child have been affected, where the orders terminating those

rights are identical and are based on a common set of facts, and where the

issues raised on appeal apply equally to each underlying order.        We now

proceed to the merits.

        Berks County Children and Youth Services (BCCYS) filed their petitions

to terminate Mother’s parental rights on October 21, 2013. The trial court

held a hearing on those petitions on June 16, 2014.          Testifying at that

hearing, in addition to Mother, were BCCYS caseworker, Brynn Jackowski,

and former Signature Family Services caseworker, Kimberly Talbot.

        The record supports the trial court’s recounting of the facts of this

case.

                [BCCYS] has been involved with [Mother] since
        approximately 2003, when agency involvement was necessary to
        facilitate [Mother’s] adequate care of her then minor siblings.
        BCCYS became involved with [Mother] regarding her own
        biological children in 2012, when the agency received the first of
        a number of incidents which - over the course of the agency’s
        investigations - ranged from abuse and neglect to prostitution.
        By July of 2013, and as a result of the volume of reports, BCCYS’
        lengthy involvement, and the ineffectiveness of in-home
        services, seven of [Mother’s] eight children were adjudicated
        dependent and removed from [her] care. BCCYS testified that
        one of the primary obstacles regarding [Mother’s] case is
        [Mother’s] repeated history of non-cooperation with BCCYS.
        Most recently, and perhaps most notably, [Mother’s] refusal to

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     cooperate became apparent in May of 2014 when she concealed
     her identity in order to prevent BCCYS’ knowledge of the birth of
     her eighth child, and avoid the inevitable removal of the child
     from her care. As a result, not only was the child removed, but
     [Mother] was subsequently criminally charged in the matter.
     Further,    [Mother]    has   a    well-documented     history  of
     noncompliance with Court ordered treatments and hearing dates
     with regard to her children’s active cases. [Mother] has failed to
     appear for at least 2 of her previous 3 court dates regarding [the
     Children], in November 19, 2013 and April 1, 2014, respectively.
     [Mother] has also failed to comply with BCCYS’ mandated
     treatment programs and [c]ourt-ordered drug testing.

            [BCCYS] presented evidence that indicated that [Mother]
     has a history of repeated, consistent, and continued incapacity
     [to parent] due to drug use, intermittent incarcerations, and a
     consistent lack of stable housing, which have led the [C]hildren
     to be deprived of essential care and caused them to be placed in
     foster care.       BCCYS indicated that [Mother] has been
     intermittently incarcerated, and is currently being held in Berks
     County Prison awaiting the final disposition of a pending criminal
     charge.    On cross-examination, [Mother] admitted to using
     illegal narcotics, including smoking marijuana while pregnant
     with her last child.

           Perhaps the most probative evidence presented by BCCYS
     was in regards to [Mother’s] lack of contact with the [C]hildren
     and failure to comply with [c]ourt and BCCYS reunification
     mandates. BCCYS presented evidence indicating that [Mother]
     has not seen [the Children] since September of 2013, nor has
     she pursued any avenues for reunification. [Mother] indicates
     that her failure to visit or contact the [C]hildren was a result of
     her belief that her parental rights had already been terminated.
     [Mother] attributed this belief to statements made to her
     regarding her Signature Services caseworker by one Kimberly
     Talbot. [Mother’s] attorney was made aware of this potential
     witness mere minutes prior to the hearing.            Despite the
     exigency, [Mother’s attorney], through painstaking efforts, was
     able to secure Ms. Talbot’s testimony for the [c]ourt.
     Unfortunately for [Mother], Ms. Talbot’s testimony proved
     unfruitful as she had no recollection of any interaction with
     [Mother] regarding any misdeeds by her Signature Services
     caseworker. Even more damning to [Mother’s] contention that
     she believed that her rights had been terminated was her failure

                                    -8-
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     to appear at three hearings between September of 2013 and
     June of 2014 regarding her parental rights and [the Children]
     despite being served with notice and being afforded the
     opportunity to appear. Rather, it is abundantly apparent to the
     [c]ourt that, from September of 2013 through May of 2014,
     [Mother] had no contact with [the Children] as she was
     attempting to conceal her pregnancy from BCCYS. The [c]ourt’s
     conclusion is supported by [Mother’s] own admissions that at the
     time of the youngest child’s birth in May of 2014, she utilized a
     false identity to attempt to conceal the birth from BCCYS, so that
     the child would not be placed ín BCCYS’ custody.

           Finally, in addition to [Mother’s] failure to appear for
     necessary court proceedings and attempted clandestine birth,
     BCCYS presented evidence indicating to the court that [Mother]
     has failed to accomplish the necessary goals for reunification
     with [the Children], particularly required drug screenings,
     acquisition of stable housing and income, completion of domestic
     violence courses, and required mental health evaluations.
     [Mother] failed to accomplish these objectives despite knowing
     that they were required to reestablish a bond with [the
     Children].

Trial Court Opinion, 7/11/14, at 1-3 (unpaginated).

     The trial court issued its orders terminating Mother’s parental rights on

July 11, 2014. The trial court authored an opinion in this matter in which it

failed to address the question of the best interests and welfare of the

Children pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b). Mother timely filed her notice

of appeal and statement of errors complained of on appeal. The trial court

then entered an amended opinion on August 20, 2014, in which it corrected

its error and addressed subsection (b). Mother did not file any response to

the trial court’s amended opinion.

     Mother raises the following questions on appeal.

                                     -9-
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      1. Did the [trial court] err by terminating [Mother’s] parental
      rights?

      2. Did the Honorable [c]ourt err in and abuse its discretion by
      not properly considering the evidence of a bond between
      [Mother] and [the Children] and failed to engage in the required
      second part of the analysis pursuant to 23 Pa. C. S. § 2511(b)?

Mother’s Brief, at 6.

      Our standard and scope of review are as follows.

      In an appeal from an order terminating parental rights, our
      scope of review is comprehensive: we consider all the evidence
      presented as well as the trial court’s factual findings and legal
      conclusions. However, our standard of review is narrow: we will
      reverse the trial court’s order only if we conclude that the trial
      court abused its discretion, made an error of law, or lacked
      competent evidence to support its findings. The trial judge’s
      decision is entitled to the same deference as a jury verdict.

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (internal citations

omitted).

      Further, we have stated that

            [w]here the hearing court’s findings are supported by
      competent evidence of record, we must affirm the hearing court
      even though the record could support an opposite result.
            We are bound by the findings of the trial court which have
      adequate support in the record so long as the findings do not
      evidence capricious disregard for competent and credible
      evidence. The trial court is free to believe all, part, or none of
      the evidence presented, and is likewise free to make all
      credibility determinations and resolve conflicts in the evidence.
      Though we are not bound by the trial court’s inferences and
      deductions, we may reject its conclusions only if they involve
      errors of law or are clearly unreasonable in light of the trial
      court’s sustainable findings.

In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citations omitted).

                                     - 10 -
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     In order to affirm the termination of parental rights, this Court need

only agree with any one subsection of Section 2511(a). See In re B.L.W.,

843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc), appeal denied, 863 A.2d

1141 (Pa. 2004).

     Requests to have a natural parent’s parental rights terminated are

governed by 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511, which provides, in pertinent part:

     § 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination

     (a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child
     may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
     grounds:

                                     ...

        (1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least
        six months immediately preceding the filing of the petition
        either has evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing
        parental claim to a child or has refused or failed to perform
        parental duties.

                                     ...

     (b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the rights
     of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
     developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
     child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on
     the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing,
     furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be
     beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition
     filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not
     consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions
     described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the
     giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (b).

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       A party seeking termination of a parent’s rights bears the burden of

proving the grounds to so do by “clear and convincing evidence,” a standard

that requires evidence that is “so clear, direct, weighty, and convincing as to

enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without hesitance, of

the truth of the precise facts in issue.” In re T.F., 847 A.2d 738, 742 (Pa.

Super. 2004) (citation omitted). Further,

       [a] parent must utilize all available resources to preserve the
       parental relationship, and must exercise reasonable firmness in
       resisting obstacles placed in the path of maintaining the parent-
       child relationship. Parental rights are not preserved by waiting
       for a more suitable or convenient time to perform one's parental
       responsibilities while others provide the child with his or her
       physical and emotional needs.

In the Interest of K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 759 (Pa. Super. 2008) (internal

citations omitted).

       To terminate parental rights pursuant to section 2511(a)(1), the

person or agency seeking termination must demonstrate through clear and

convincing evidence that, for a period of at least six months prior to the

filing of the petition, the parent's conduct demonstrated a settled purpose to

relinquish parental rights or that the parent has refused or failed to perform

parental duties.      In re Adoption of M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1272 (Pa.

Super. 2003).

       With respect to subsection 2511(a)(1), our Supreme Court has held

that

       [o]nce the evidence establishes a failure to perform parental
       duties or a settled purpose of relinquishing parental rights, the

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     court must engage in three lines of inquiry: (1) the parent’s
     explanation for his or her conduct; (2) the post-abandonment
     contact between parent and child; and (3) consideration of the
     effect of termination of parental rights on the child pursuant to
     Section 2511(b).

In re Adoption of Charles E.D.M., II, 708 A.2d 88, 92 (Pa. 1988) (citation

omitted). Further,

     the trial court must consider the whole history of a given case
     and not mechanically apply the six-month statutory provision.
     The court must examine the individual circumstances of each
     case and consider all explanations offered by the parent facing
     termination of his or her parental rights, to determine if the
     evidence, in light of the totality of the circumstances, clearly
     warrants the involuntary termination.

In re B., N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 854-855 (Pa. Super. 2004) (internal citations

omitted).

     The Adoption Act provides that a trial court “shall give primary

consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and

welfare of the child.”   23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b).   The Act does not make

specific reference to an evaluation of the bond between parent and child but

our case law requires the evaluation of any such bond. See In re E.M., 620

A.2d 481, 485 (Pa. 1993). However, this Court has held that the trial court

is not required by statute or precedent to order a formal bonding evaluation

performed by an expert.     See In re K.K.R.-S., 958 A.2d 529, 533 (Pa.

Super. 2008).

     In support of her claim that the trial court erred in terminating her

parental rights, Mother asks us to reexamine the evidence presented and

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reach a different conclusion from that reached by the trial court.     This we

may not do. The trial court is the final arbiter of the credibility of witnesses

and of the weight given to evidence.          See In re M.G., supra.        Our

examination of the record here reveals that competent evidence supports

the trial court’s findings and conclusions, and that the trial court did not err

in terminating Mother’s parental rights pursuant to section 2511(a)(1).

Mother’s first claim of error is without merit.

      Mother’s second claim of error is that the trial court failed to consider

the best interests and welfare of the Children pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. §

2511(b).   After Mother filed her brief containing this claim, the trial court

entered an amended opinion in which it engaged in a full analysis pursuant

to subsection (b). We quote that analysis here, with approval:

             Finally, pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. 2511(b), the [c]ourt has
      considered      and   placed    considerable   weight     on    the
      developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
      [C]hildren. The [c]ourt found that [Mother’s] failure to provide
      the [C]hildren with basic medical care, consistent exposure of
      the [C]hildren to grave physical abuse, and neglect of their
      physical well-being directly and profoundly impedes the
      [C]hildren’s physical, psychological, and academic development.
      Further, and perhaps most profoundly, the [c]ourt found that the
      maintenance of a prolonged, unhealthy attempt to re-establish a
      bond between [Mother] and the [C]hildren would only serve to
      amplify the damage already caused to the [C]hildren’s emotional
      wellbeing by [Mother’s] lack of involvement in their lives. The
      [c]ourt reached this conclusion based primarily on [Mother’s]
      failure to have any contact with the [C]hildren since September
      of 2013, despite being afforded every opportunity to do so. In
      fact, even up until her last visit with the [C]hildren, [Mother]
      failed to appear for 16 of her 34 scheduled visitations. Based on
      the foregoing lack of contact, the [c]ourt was satisfied that there
      was no evidence lending the slightest indication that a parental

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      bond between [Mother] and the [C]hildren still exists, and that
      any attempt to re-establish a connection after such utter
      abandonment would in all likelihood be far more detrimental to
      the [C]hildren’s emotional well-being than the final severance of
      [Mother’s] parental rights. The [c]ourt’s determination in this
      case falls squarely in line with Superior Court’s ruling in In re
      K.Z.S., 946 A2d 753 (Pa. Super. 2008). In the K.Z.S. case, the
      Superior Court held that “in termination cases where there is no
      evidence of any bond between the parent and child, it is
      reasonable to infer that no bond exists.” [946 A.2d at 762-63].
      As such, based on the foregoing authority and the lack of
      evidence regarding [Mother’s] bond, the [c]ourt found that
      under 23 Pa.C.S.A. §2511(b), the developmental, physical,
      emotional and overall welfare of the children will be best served
      by the termination of [Mother’s] parental rights.

Trial Court Amended Opinion, 8/20/14, at 3 (unpaginated). Mother did not

respond to the trial court’s amended opinion. Mother’s second claim of error

is without merit.

      Our review of the record reveals that the trial court’s decision to

terminate Mother’s parental rights under section 2511(a)(1) and (b), and to

permit the Children’s adoption without notice to or consent from Mother is

supported by clear and convincing evidence. Accordingly, we find that there

was no abuse of the trial court’s discretion.

      Orders affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

JosephD.Seletyn,Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/6/2015

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