Court Opinion

ID: 3092986
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 04:12:52.810523+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:40:55.226304
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS
                        SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                             FORT WORTH

                            NO. 02-12-00366-CR
                            NO. 02-12-00367-CR
                            NO. 02-12-00368-CR
                            NO. 02-12-00369-CR
                            NO. 02-12-00370-CR

ERIC GERARD HOLMES JR.                                           APPELLANT

                                       V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS                                                     STATE

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     FROM CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT NO. 3 OF TARRANT COUNTY

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                       MEMORANDUM OPINION 1

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                                  Introduction

      As part of a plea-bargain agreement, Appellant Eric Gerard Holmes Jr.

pled guilty to three burglaries and two attempted burglaries. In exchange, the

      1
      See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
trial court granted him a ten-year term of deferred-adjudication community

supervision (probation) and ordered him to pay a fine. During the term, the State

alleged that Appellant had violated a number of the conditions of his probation,

and it petitioned the trial court to adjudicate Appellant’s guilt and revoke his

probation.   Under authority of the government code, the district court judge

transferred the cases to a magistrate, who, after conducting a hearing,

adjudicated Appellant’s guilt, revoked his probation, and sentenced him to 10

years’ confinement in two of the cases, 13 years’ confinement in two others, and

15 years’ confinement in one, all sentences to run concurrently.

      Now, for the first time on appeal, Appellant claims that the revocations and

sentences are void for lack of jurisdiction because the record does not contain a

written “transfer order” from the district judge to the magistrate. We affirm.

                                    Discussion

      There is no written transfer order in the record. The record is also devoid

of any objection from Appellant regarding the trial court’s referral of his cases to

the magistrate. This court has previously addressed an unobjected-to challenge

to a magistrate’s authority to conduct voir dire.      In that case, we held that,

because the appellant failed to make timely objections to the magistrate’s

conducting voir dire, he did not preserve any error as to whether the magistrate

had statutory authority to do so. McKinney v. State, 880 S.W.2d 868, 870 (Tex.

App.––Fort Worth 1994, pet. ref’d). Similarly, the court of criminal appeals has

held that “procedural irregularities,” including signing a transfer order after the

                                          2
magistrate had accepted a defendant’s plea, are not jurisdictional and therefore

cannot be raised for the first time on appeal. Davis v. State, 956 S.W.2d 555,

557, 560 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) (clarifying that the only issue that is jurisdictional

and may be raised on appeal for the first time with regards to a magistrate is the

magistrate’s qualification to hold the position of magistrate). 2

      Appellant does not dispute that the district court had jurisdiction; he argues

that the magistrate acted without jurisdiction. But jurisdiction is vested in courts

not judges. See Carrillo, 2 S.W.3d at 277; Davis, 956 S.W.2d at 557–58. Once

a district court has jurisdiction over a case (as Appellant concedes the district

court had over his) and the district court judge assigns some aspect of the case

to be heard by a magistrate, the district court does not lose jurisdiction over the

case. See Davis, 956 S.W.2d at 560 (“Technically, the district judge does not

transfer the authority to preside over the case to the magistrate, rather the judge

acts through the magistrate.”). And as long as the district court has jurisdiction

and the magistrate was qualified to act as a magistrate, the actions of a

magistrate taken on behalf of the district court are not rendered void.            Id.

      2
        Appellant attempts to distinguish Davis by highlighting the fact that in that
case the trial court judge signed an order authorizing the magistrate to act six
days after the magistrate had acted. But jurisdictional defects cannot be
retroactively cured, and the court of criminal appeals in Davis did not so hold.
See Davis v. State, 928 S.W.2d 289, 291 (Tex. App.––Fort Worth, 1996), rev’d
on other grounds, 956 S.W.2d 555; see also Carrillo v. State, 2 S.W.3d 275, 277
(Tex. Crim. App. 1999) (“We agreed with the State [in Davis], clarifying that
jurisdiction should generally be viewed as vested in courts, not judges. Unlike
subject matter jurisdiction in a court, the authority of a judge is not
jurisdictional.”).

                                           3
Appellant does not claim the magistrate was not qualified and, as we have noted,

he does not claim that the district court lacked jurisdiction.

          Appellant’s sole claim, then, that the magistrate’s actions were void

because the trial court failed to include a transfer order (which we will assume is

required by the government code) is statutory in nature, and not, as Appellant

contends, jurisdictional. Therefore, Appellant’s claim is subject to ordinary rules

of procedural default. Since he did not object to the lack of a transfer order

before now, and also failed to object to the authority of the magistrate to conduct

the hearing on the State’s petition to adjudicate and revoke probation, he has

forfeited his complaint. Accordingly, we overrule Appellant’s sole issue. See

Lemasurier v. State, 91 S.W.3d 897, 900 (Tex. App.––Fort Worth 2002, pet.

ref’d).

                                     Conclusion

          Having overruled Appellant’s sole issue in these appeals, we affirm the

judgments.

                                                     /s/ Anne Gardner

                                                     ANNE GARDNER
                                                     JUSTICE

PANEL: LIVINGSTON, C.J.; GARDNER and GABRIEL, JJ.

DO NOT PUBLISH
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)

DELIVERED: March 27, 2014

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