Court Opinion

ID: 4268919
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-04-24 00:12:08.634505+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:01:37.207027
License: Public Domain

STATE OF VERMONT

                                    ENVIRONMENTAL COURT

             Appeal of Denizot, et al.           }
                                                 }
                                                 }     Docket No. 91-6-03 Vtec
                                                 }
                                                 }

                Decision and Order on Appellee= s Motion for Summary Judgment

Appellants Lee Buik Denizot, David and Janice Bartley, John and Regina Meigs, and Alan and
Lynne Fletcher appeal from a decision of the Development Review Board (DRB) of the Town of
Fairfax, approving Appellee Brian Burnor= s application for a five-lot subdivision. Appellants
represent themselves; Appellee-Applicant Brian Burnor is represented by Joseph F. Cahill, Jr.,
Esq. Appellee-Applicant has moved for summary judgment.

The following facts are undisputed unless otherwise noted. Appellee-Applicant owns property
located on the north side of Rood Mill Road, which runs east to west in this location. In an earlier
four-lot subdivision he created three two-acre lots proposed for single-family residences (Lots 2
through 4 as shown on the present subdivision plan), and retained the large parcel of remaining
land as Lot 1, with one house site.

The proposal in the present appeal is to further subdivide the 59.81-acre parcel retained in the
previous subdivision into six parcels: five building lots in the two-acre to two-and-a-half-acre size
range (denominated Lots 5 through 9 on the present subdivision plan) for single-family
residences and the remaining land of approximately 48 acres (still denominated Lot 1) with one
house site. The property also contains areas of ledge, wetlands, a stream, and lands with steep
(over 25%) slopes unsuitable for building, most of which is located on Lot 1. All of the proposed
land is located in the Agricultural and Forest Resources zoning district, with the Shoreland (flood
plain) overlay zoning district affecting at least Lots 1, 6 and 8. All six of the house sites are
located to the southwest of the stream on the property. Small portions of Lots 6 and 8 and a large
portion of Lot 1 are located to the northeast of the stream. The Shoreland (flood plain) overlay
               1
zoning district comprises the 100-year flood plain around the stream that runs through the
property from northwest to southeast.

Appellants appealed the DRB grant of subdivision approval, and raised eight issues in their
statement of questions.

Questions 1, 2, 3 and a portion of Question 7 relate to whether the DRB is precluded from
considering a subdivision application if the applicant is not in compliance with conditions of
previous subdivision approvals or with town bylaws. These questions do not challenge whether
similar conditions or additional conditions, e.g. for landscaping and screening, would be
necessary to meet the subdivision criteria for the present application. Although facts may be in
dispute as to whether or to what extent Appellee-Applicant may have failed to comply with
conditions of previous subdivision permits (Questions 1 and 3 and a portion of Question 7) or with
requirements of the Zoning Bylaws regarding excavation (Question 2), none of those disputed
facts are material to this legal issue. That is, if the Subdivision Regulations and Zoning Bylaws do
not specifically authorize the DRB to hold off on consideration of subdivision approval due to lack
of compliance with earlier permits, we need not reach the factual question of whether this
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applicant was or was not out of compliance with any earlier permits or with unrelated
requirements of the bylaws.
Neither party has pointed to anything in the Subdivision Regulations or Zoning Bylaws that could
be read to authorize the DRB to hold off on consideration of subdivision approval due to lack of
                                 3
compliance with earlier permits or with unrelated requirements of the bylaws. Rather, the only
type of permits which the Zoning Regulations authorize to be withheld from issuance for that
reason are building permits. See ' 2.2(B) of the Zoning Bylaws. Building permits are issued by the
Zoning Administrator for construction or change in use to a building; no construction or change in
use to a building is proposed by the subdivision application before the DRB and now before the
Court. Therefore, summary judgment must be granted to Appellee-Applicant on Questions 1, 2, 3
and that portion of Question 7 related to whether the DRB is precluded from considering a
subdivision application if the applicant is not in compliance with conditions of previous subdivision
approvals or with town bylaws.

Question 4 argues that even if all of the proposed lots are more than two acres in size, some of
them do not meet the density requirement of two acres per unit, if the various easements for the
septic systems and the subdivision roadway are subtracted as they are required to be under the
definition of density in Appendix B. We note that density and lot size are treated somewhat
differently in the ordinances. In this district, the minimum lot size is two acres, and the minimum
density is one unit per two acres. If none of the land in a two-acre lot is subject to an easement,
then that lot will also meet the density requirements. But if some of the land in a particular lot is
subject to an easement, that area cannot be included in the lot area for calculation of density,
except in PRDs or PUDs. At this time, this subdivision is not being proposed as a PRD or PUD.
Thus, its lots containing easements must be analyzed as to whether they each exceed the
minimum two acres enough to meet the density requirements. While Appellee-Applicant= s
engineer counted all the undevelopable land in the subdivision, including those for easements,
and deducted it from the total acreage to calculate if the subdivision as a whole met the two-acre-
lot density requirements, that calculation is not provided for each lot under the definition of density
in Appendix B. None of the information provided to the Court with the summary judgment motions
allows the Court to determine whether, for example, the 2.504-acre Lot 7 meets the two-acre
minimum if the septic easements for Lots 1, 6, and 8 and the roadway easement are deducted
from it. Therefore, summary judgment must be denied on Question 4 as material facts are in
dispute.

Question 5 claims that the ordinance does not allow septic systems to be located on a different lot
than the lot served by the system. Neither party has pointed to anything in the Subdivision
Regulations or Zoning Bylaws that requires a septic system to be located on the lot that it serves.
Section 704(F)(1) of the Subdivision Regulations only requires that each lot be > appropriately
sized= to provide satisfactory water supply and sewage disposal and to meet other requirements
including > other standards set by these regulations.= If, due to the presence of ledge or high
seasonal water table or any other limitation, an applicant wishes to design a subdivision so as to
provide > satisfactory sewage disposal= on another lot, nothing in this section prevents it; as long
as the necessary easements are obtained and the receiving lot meets all other standards set by
the regulations. Similarly, none of the requirements in Appendix A regarding well protection (7.0)
and sewage systems (8.0) precludes the use of off-site septic systems.

Question 5 also claims that the areas on Lot 7 on which the new off-lot systems are proposed to
be located are seasonally inundated and therefore are not suitable for septic systems. Appellee-
Applicant= s engineer= s affidavit filed with the motion for summary judgment states that all the
sites for location of septic areas meet the current town and state requirements A with respect to
location of septic systems.@ That affidavit has not been countered by any information that calls
into question the fact that the septic sites proposed for this subdivision meet all the current state
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and town requirements for their location . Therefore, summary judgment must be granted to
Appellee-Applicant on Question 5 of the Statement of Questions.

Question 6 claims that the subdivision is proposed for a parcel of > productive agricultural land=
and that it therefore fails to meet ' ' 703 and 704, the applicable sections of which are ' ' 703(A),
703(F), and 704(G). Appellee-Applicant does not argue on summary judgment that the property
does not in fact contain productive agricultural land, but instead argues that ' 3.3(D) nevertheless
allows single family homes as a permitted use in the district. As this proceeding is de novo,
material facts are in dispute as to what sections of the property constitute productive agricultural
land, and whether the proposal meets ' ' 703(A), 703(F), and 704(G), or whether under ' 704(G)
the Court, sitting in place of the DRB, should require any different lot layout. In addition, by
contrast to the issues in Questions 1, 2, 3, and the part of Question 7 discussed above, if a prior
subdivision approval had required as a condition that all or part of the then-retained land be
preserved for recreation, open space or agriculture, the DRB (and hence this Court) must
examine the conditions of that prior approval to determine if this second subdivision proposal
itself violates any conditions of earlier subdivision approvals that are applicable to it, or whether
this proposal must also seek amendment of any earlier approval. Therefore, summary judgment
must be denied on Question 6 as material facts are in dispute.

Appellee-Applicant is correct that the question of whether a criterion is met is unrelated to
whether the DRB has or has not received a petition about it from any number of nearby residents.
Therefore, we will disregard the element of Question 7 referring to a petition. The portion of
Question 7 regarding > previous conditions not being met= has been addressed in connection
with Questions 1, 2, and 3, above. The remaining issues in Question 7 are whether subdivision
approval should be denied due to anticipated problems with > noise and vandalism.=

A standard governing noise is not found either in the Subdivision Regulations or in the required
improvements and design standards criteria found in Appendix A, although the noise
performance standards in ' 4.2(2) must be met for any uses ultimately conducted on the property.
Thus, with respect to the standards for subdivision approval at issue in the present appeal, both
noise and vandalism are only potentially relevant as evidence of the Town= s ability or inability to
provide police services. (' 703(D) of the Subdivision Regulations regarding municipal services).
Therefore, summary judgment must be denied on this portion of Question 7 as material facts are
in dispute.

Question 8 suggests that Lot 5 is of an irregular shape as precluded by ' 704. Lot 5 is trapezoidal
in shape. While one of its side lot lines may vary more than 15% from a 90-degree angle with the
road at its southeast corner, see ' 704(D), Question 8 only addresses the purported > irregularity=
of Lot 5. Section 704(B) addresses > irregular shapes;= it precludes lots designed with irregular
shapes such as curves, jogs, doglegs, bowling alleys or lots that are > otherwise contorted in
order to get around these regulations.= Lot 5 is trapezoidal in shape, but it is not irregular as that
term is defined in ' 704(B). Therefore, summary judgment must be granted to Appellee-Applicant
on Question 8.

Accordingly, based on the foregoing, it is hereby ORDERED and ADJUDGED that Appellee-
Applicant= s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED as to Questions 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8, and
as to Question 7 other than regarding governmental services; and is DENIED as to Questions 4,
6 and as to Question 7 regarding governmental services. Summary Judgment is GRANTED to
Appellants as to the method of calculating lot density raised by Question 4, but material facts are
in dispute as to whether any of the individual proposed lots is reduced below the required two-
acre-per-unit density after the correct calculation is made. Accordingly, that aspect of Question 4,
together with Question 6, and Question 7 regarding the Town= s ability or inability to provide
police services (' 703(D)), remain for trial.

That trial is hereby set (see enclosed notice) for the afternoon of April 27, 2004, beginning at 1:00
p.m. We will hold a telephone conference on April 12, 2004 at 9:30 a.m. (see enclosed notice) to
discuss preparations for and the limited scope of that hearing, including the return of any
summary judgment documents for use at trial, and whether that date poses a conflict for any of
the parties or their witnesses. At the merits hearing the parties should be prepared to make their
arguments orally so that the Court can rule on the record. If Appellee-Applicant wishes instead to
amend the application to propose any substantial difference in lot configuration, or to propose a
PRD, he should be prepared to so state at the conference.

                               nd
Done at Barre, Vermont, this 2 day of April, 2004.

___________________
Merideth Wright
Environmental Judge

                                             Footnotes

1.
      The Shoreland district is defined in the Zoning Bylaws (§3.3(F)) by the 100-year flood plains
as shown on the latest Fairfax Flood Insurance Rate Map, which has not been provided by either
party. The Zoning Map in the Bylaws is at too small a scale to show the width of the Shoreland
district surrounding the stream on the subject property but in the area of this project it appears to
be almost as narrow as the stream itself. The subdivision plan also does not show the width of
that district surrounding the stream, but it does leave a 75-foot-wide area undeveloped to the
southwest of the stream. None of the property to the northeast of the stream is proposed for
development.

2.
     Anyone who believes that enforcement action should be taken by a town is free to request
that action of the Zoning Administrator and then to appeal to the DRB if the request is denied, or
to seek enforcement of a DRB order directly under 24 V.S.A. §4470(c), or to seek town action
under its health authority in Title 18.

3.
      Moreover, with respect to the location of the house on Lot 1, an applicant is entitled to apply
for a new permit or a permit amendment changing the location of a feature approved in an earlier
permit or approval. It is then for the DRB in the new proceeding to determine whether the new
proposed location may be approved, on its own merits.

4.
     Appellant Denizot’s affidavit states only that she has “been bothered by septic odor coming
from the land behind where I live in the area where [Appellee-Applicant] Mr. Burnor currently has
septic systems,” and goes on regarding the Town’s failure to take any enforcement action
regarding a septic system to the east of her residence. This complaint appears to relate to the
septic systems serving existing houses already built, rather than to the systems proposed in this
application. Any prior approval not appealed may not be challenged, directly or indirectly, in this
appeal, see 24 V.S.A. §4470(d); and, regarding enforcement of such approvals, see footnote 2
above.