Court Opinion

ID: 4438517
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-09-16 20:00:24.531219+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:53:01.548178
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                           SEP 16 2019
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

STRATEGIC PARTNERS, INC.,                        Nos. 17-56789
                                                      18-55156
              Plaintiff-counter-
              defendant-Appellee,                D.C. No.
                                                 2:16-cv-05900-RGK-PLA
 v.

VESTAGEN PROTECTIVE                              MEMORANDUM*
TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,

              Defendant-counter-claimant-
              Appellant.

STRATEGIC PARTNERS, INC.,                        No.   17-56897

              Plaintiff-counter-                 D.C. No.
              defendant-Appellant,               2:16-cv-05900-RGK-PLA

 v.

VESTAGEN PROTECTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,

              Defendant-counter-claimant-
              Appellee.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                    R. Gary Klausner, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted September 10, 2019
                               Pasadena, California

Before: RAWLINSON, IKUTA, and BADE, Circuit Judges.

      Vestagen Protective Technologies, Inc. appeals the district court’s dismissal

of its counterclaims against Strategic Partners, Inc. (SPI) and its award of

attorneys’ fees to SPI. SPI cross-appeals the district court’s denial of its post-

verdict motions for judgment as a matter of law (JMOL) and, in the alternative, a

new trial. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

      The district court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing Vestagen’s

counterclaims without leave to amend. Vestagen’s unfair business practices

counterclaim, Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17200 (UCL), and unjust enrichment

counterclaim are superseded by the California Uniform Trade Secrets Act

(CUTSA), see K.C. Multimedia, Inc. v. Bank of Am. Tech. & Operations, Inc., 171
Cal. App. 4th 939, 958 (2009), and Vestagen’s proposed amendments to its

complaint are either superseded by CUTSA or fail to state a claim. Therefore, the

district court did not err in denying Vestagen leave to amend. Dougherty v. City of

Covina, 654 F.3d 892, 901 (9th Cir. 2011).

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       The district court did not err in dismissing Vestagen’s false advertising

counterclaim as a matter of law. The district court did not abuse its discretion by

excluding expert testimony regarding SPI’s advertising, because the expert was not

qualified to testify about the scientific aspects of SPI’s advertisement, see United

States v. Chang, 207 F.3d 1169, 1172–73 (9th Cir. 2000), and his non-scientific

testimony did not satisfy the reliability threshold, see Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v.

Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137, 152 (1999). Although the district court’s relative

inflexibility in setting time limits is not favored and came close to the line, we

ultimately conclude the court did not abuse its discretion by denying Vestagen’s

request for additional time. See Gen. Signal Corp. v. MCI Telecomms. Corp., 66
F.3d 1500, 1507–09 (9th Cir. 1995).

       In light of the evidence at trial, the district court did not err in concluding

that the nondisclosure agreement (NDA) signed by Vestagen on November 27,

2011, was the only binding agreement between the parties. See Integrated Health

Servs. of Green Briar, Inc. v. Lopez-Silvero, 827 So. 2d 338, 339 (Fla. Dist. Ct.

App. 2002). The court did not err in dismissing Vestagen’s breach of contract

counterclaim as a matter of law, because SPI’s alleged disruption of the American

Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) meeting did not violate any provision of the

NDA.

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      Finally, the court did not err in dismissing Vestagen’s misappropriation of

trade secrets counterclaim as a matter of law, because Vestagen disclosed its

business strategy through its public efforts to have ASTM adopt higher standards

favorable to Vestagen. See Abba Rubber Co. v. Seaquist, 235 Cal. App. 3d 1, 18

(1991). Because Vestagen’s business strategy did not constitute a trade secret,

evidence related to Vestagen’s participation in ASTM was not relevant to proving

misappropriation of trade secrets, see United States v. Alvarez, 358 F.3d 1194,

1205 (9th Cir. 2004), and the district court did not abuse its discretion in excluding

such evidence on relevance grounds.

      The district court correctly determined that SPI was the prevailing party on

the breach of contract counterclaim, and therefore was entitled to attorneys’ fees

under the NDA. See Rose v. Rose, 615 So. 2d 203, 204 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1993).

      The district court did not err in denying SPI’s post-verdict motions for

JMOL and, in the alternative, a new trial. Even assuming that Vestagen’s

advertisements contained statements that are literally false, see Southland Sod

Farms v. Stover Seed Co., 108 F.3d 1134, 1139 (9th Cir. 1997), a reasonable jury

could conclude that Vestagen’s advertisements neither deceived the public nor

influenced customers’ purchasing decisions. See Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing

Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 149 (2000). For the same reason, the district court did

                                           4
not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for a new trial. See Molski v. M.J.

Cable, Inc., 481 F.3d 724, 729 (9th Cir. 2007).

      AFFIRMED.

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