Court Opinion

ID: 2738300
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-30 16:10:05.614565+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:33:04.413346
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

              Present: Judges Frank, Beales and Senior Judge Clements
UNPUBLISHED

              Argued at Richmond, Virginia

              CLIFTON LEE HARRIS
                                                                            MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
              v.      Record No. 2123-13-2                                JUDGE JEAN HARRISON CLEMENTS
                                                                                 SEPTEMBER 30, 2014
              LAURA TERESA HARRIS

                                     FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF GREENE COUNTY
                                                 Daniel R. Bouton, Judge

                                John L. Bauserman, Jr. (The Bowen Law Firm, on briefs), for
                                appellant.

                                Kelly A. Hobbs (Dygert, Wright, Hobbs & Heilberg, PLC, on brief),
                                for appellee.

                      Clifton Lee Harris (husband) appeals an order dismissing his complaint to rescind the

              parties’ post-nuptial agreement. Husband argues that the trial court erred by (1) dismissing his

              complaint for rescission of the parties’ post-nuptial agreement on the basis of res judicata; (2) failing

              to consider the facts in the light most favorable to him and concluding that husband “could or

              should have raised his claim for fraud in the inducement while the divorce was still pending;”

              (3) applying the doctrine of laches and considering extrinsic evidence; and (4) concluding that the

              parties’ post-nuptial agreement allowed Laura Teresa Harris (wife) to “waive liability for her

              alleged fraud in the inducement.” Finding no error, we affirm the trial court’s decision.

                                                         BACKGROUND

                      As the parties are fully conversant with the record in this case and because this

              memorandum opinion carries no precedential value, this opinion recites only those facts and

                      *
                          Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
incidents of the proceedings as necessary to the parties’ understanding of the disposition of this

appeal.

          Husband and wife married on July 26, 1997 and separated on or about December 26, 2005.

On January 23, 2008, the parties entered into a post-nuptial agreement. The post-nuptial agreement

was affirmed, ratified, and incorporated, but not merged, into their final decree of divorce, which

was entered on March 13, 2008. Neither party appealed the final decree of divorce.

          In late 2012, husband filed a complaint and asked the trial court to rescind the parties’

post-nuptial agreement based on fraud in the inducement. Specifically, husband alleged that wife

failed to disclose several debts and fraudulently induced him to sign their post-nuptial agreement

without full disclosure as required by the post-nuptial agreement. In response, wife filed a “Plea of

Statute of Limitations and Plea of Res Judicata” and argued that husband’s complaint should be

dismissed.

          On March 19, 2013, the parties appeared before the trial court and offered argument

regarding the issues raised in wife’s pleading.1 The trial court declined to rule on wife’s plea of

statute of limitations and plea of res judicata; instead, it requested additional briefing from the

parties on (1) whether the doctrines of estoppel and laches apply; (2) whether rescission was

applicable based on language in the post-nuptial agreement regarding later discovered assets and

liabilities; and (3) whether Code §§ 20-148 and -155, as opposed to rescission, would be applicable

to the situation. The parties subsequently filed written arguments on the issues raised by their

pleadings and those issues raised by the trial court.

          On June 4, 2013, the trial court issued its letter opinion and ordered that husband’s

complaint be dismissed. The trial court noted that neither party appealed the final decree of divorce

and that the matters relating to the post-nuptial agreement could have and should have been raised

          1
              There was no evidentiary hearing in this case.
                                                   -2-
during the divorce proceedings. Furthermore, the trial court ruled that the doctrine of laches barred

consideration of rescission as a remedy and held that husband’s challenge to the post-nuptial

agreement was not timely. Lastly, the trial court held that rescission was not an appropriate remedy

pursuant to the specific language in the post-nuptial agreement that addressed what would happen if

a party failed to disclose an asset. The trial court entered an order on October 2, 2013, which

incorporated its letter opinion, and dismissed husband’s complaint. This appeal followed.

                                             ANALYSIS

                                             Res Judicata

       Husband argues that the trial court erred by ruling that the doctrine of res judicata applied

because the post-nuptial agreement had been incorporated into the final decree of divorce, which

became a final order twenty-one days after its entry.

       In this case, the trial court decided the matter based on wife’s plea in bar.

               “The defensive plea in bar shortens the litigation by reducing it to a
               distinct issue of fact which, if proven, creates a bar to the
               plaintiff’s right of recovery. The moving party carries the burden
               of proof on that issue of fact. See Campbell v. Johnson, 203 Va.
               43, 47, 122 S.E.2d 907, 909 (1961). Where no evidence is taken in
               support of the plea, the trial court, and the appellate court upon
               review, must rely solely upon the pleadings in resolving the issue
               presented. See Weichert Co. of Virginia, Inc. v. First Commercial
               Bank, 246 Va. 108, 109, 431 S.E.2d 308, 309 (1993). When
               considering the pleadings, ‘the facts stated in the plaintiffs’ motion
               for judgment [are] deemed true.’ Glascock v. Laserna, 247 Va.
               108, 109, 439 S.E.2d 380, 380 (1994).”

Sullivan v. Jones, 42 Va. App. 794, 802-03, 595 S.E.2d 36, 40 (2004) (quoting Tomlin v.

McKenzie, 251 Va. 478, 480, 468 S.E.2d 882, 884 (1996)). “A circuit court’s judgment that a

party has met his burden of proof ‘will be upheld unless it is plainly wrong or without evidence

to support it.’” Station # 2, LLC v. Lynch, 280 Va. 166, 175, 695 S.E.2d 537, 542 (2010) (quoting

Hudson v. Lanier, 255 Va. 330, 333-34, 497 S.E.2d 471, 473 (1998)).

                                                 -3-
       The parties’ post-nuptial agreement was incorporated into their final decree of divorce,

which the trial court entered on March 13, 2008. Husband contends he would not have signed

the post-nuptial agreement had he known about the debts that wife incurred. He states that he

did not start becoming aware of the debts until August or September 2008. He asserts that wife

“actively and fraudulently concealed” the debts from husband and the trial court. Conversely,

wife argues that if husband had made “even a minimal effort to determine what his own financial

position was at the time of the divorce, he would have discovered then the debts . . . .”

       As the trial court noted, neither party appealed the final decree of divorce, so it became

final twenty-one days after its entry. See Rule 1:1. “After the expiration of 21 days from the

entry of a judgment, the court rendering the judgment loses jurisdiction of the case, and, absent a

perfected appeal, the judgment is final and conclusive.” Rook v. Rook, 233 Va. 92, 95, 353

S.E.2d 756, 758 (1987). However, judgments that are void, including those procured by

extrinsic fraud, “may be attacked in any court at any time, directly or collaterally.” Id.

“Extrinsic fraud consists of ‘conduct which prevents a fair submission of the controversy to the

court.’” Ellett v. Ellett, 35 Va. App. 97, 100, 542 S.E.2d 816, 818 (2001) (quoting Jones v.

Willard, 224 Va. 602, 607, 299 S.E.2d 504, 508 (1983)).

       In Ellett, the parties entered into a property settlement agreement, which was later

incorporated into a final decree of divorce. Id. at 99, 542 S.E.2d at 817. The husband then tried

to have the property settlement agreement declared null and void because he alleged that it was

procured by fraud. Id. The Court explained that

                       [t]o support his claim of extrinsic fraud, the husband
               alleged, in substance, that: (1) before the parties entered the
               agreement, wife misrepresented the true status of the family’s bills
               and accounts and thereby prevented his becoming informed of
               these accounts; (2) wife discouraged him from obtaining counsel
               during the time the agreement was negotiated and executed;
               (3) husband executed the agreement under duress and undue
               influence exercised by wife; (4) the agreement’s provisions with
                                                -4-
                 respect to property division, child and spousal support, and child
                 custody are unconscionable; and (5) during negotiations, wife
                 misrepresented her intent to abide by the terms of the agreement,
                 thereby inducing him to execute it, and wife later breached the
                 agreement.

Id. at 101, 542 S.E.2d at 818. The Court held that husband’s claims did not amount to extrinsic

fraud (or fraud upon the court) because “[e]ach of husband’s challenges pertains to matters that

could have been raised during the divorce proceeding.” Id. (citation omitted). The Court

concluded that

                 [c]laims pertaining to fraud in the procurement of the agreement,
                 and claims based on duress, undue influence and
                 unconscionability, all involve challenges to the agreement that
                 could have been raised during the divorce proceeding, and do not
                 involve “extrinsic” fraud, or fraud upon the court. See Wallihan v.
                 Hughes, 196 Va. 117, 130-31, 82 S.E.2d 553, 561-62 (1954)
                 (“When the parties are before a court of competent jurisdiction and
                 a separation agreement is approved, confirmed and decreed upon,
                 its validity is by that judgment rendered res judicata between the
                 parties. . . . [The wife] may not now ‘go behind the judgment of the
                 court’ and say that the contract was secured through fraud.”
                 (citation omitted); holding that such a challenge did not involve
                 extrinsic fraud) . . . .

Id. at 101-02, 542 S.E.2d at 818 (additional citations omitted).

       The trial court relied on Ellett in determining that husband’s complaint should be

dismissed. It noted that the facts in Ellett were “strikingly similar” to the facts in this case. The

trial court stated that husband’s complaints about the alleged fraudulent conduct of wife could

have been raised during the divorce proceedings and should have been resolved prior to the entry

                                                 -5-
of the final decree. Nothing in the record suggests otherwise, contrary to husband’s arguments.2

Accordingly, the trial court did not err in dismissing husband’s complaint.3

                                          Attorney’s fees

       Wife asks this Court to award her attorney’s fees and costs incurred on appeal. See

O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23 Va. App. 690, 695, 479 S.E.2d 98, 100 (1996). On consideration

of the record before us, we decline to award wife her attorney’s fees and costs on appeal.

                                         CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                                                         Affirmed.

       2
          Husband relies on Peet v. Peet, 16 Va. App. 323, 429 S.E.2d 487 (1993), to support his
arguments. However, Peet is distinguishable from this case because in Peet, some of the claimed
fraudulent behavior involved one of the parties allegedly deterring or preventing material
witnesses from appearing at a hearing. Since the situation in this case is factually different from
Peet, this Court does not find the Peet case to be as persuasive as the Ellett case is.
       3
         Considering our ruling with respect to the first and second assignments of error, we
need not decide the third and fourth assignments of error because “an appellate court decides cases
‘on the best and narrowest ground available.’” Luginbyhl v. Commonwealth, 48 Va. App. 58, 64,
628 S.E.2d 74, 77 (2006) (en banc) (quoting Air Courier Conference v. Am. Postal Workers Union,
498 U.S. 517, 531 (1991) (Stevens , J., concurring)); see also Kilby v. Culpeper Cnty. Dep’t of
Soc. Servs., 55 Va. App. 106, 108 n.1, 684 S.E.2d 219, 220 n.1 (2009).
                                                -6-