Court Opinion

ID: 2794685
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-04-17 21:06:24.691692+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:29:11.003066
License: Public Domain

J-S06045-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: L.F.F., M.F.I.F.F.         IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
AND J.D.L., MINOR CHILDREN                           PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: S.M.L., MOTHER                      No. 2756 EDA 2014

             Appeal from the Decrees entered August 15, 2014,
      in the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County, Orphans’
                        Court, at No(s): 2014-0009

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., LAZARUS, and FITZGERALD*, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY FITZGERALD, J.:                       FILED APRIL 17, 2015

     Appellant, S.M.L. (“Mother”), appeals from the decrees1 entered in the

Northampton County Court of Common Pleas involuntarily terminating her

parental rights to L.F.F. (born in March of 2012), M.F.I.F.F. (born in

November of 2010), and J.D.L. (born in February of 2009)       (“Children”).2

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
  We note that on August 15, 2014, the court entered an order which
“ORDERED and DECREED” that the Petition for Termination of Parental
Rights as to the children was granted. On August 26, 2014, the court
entered three separate final decrees terminating the parental rights of
Mother to each child.
2
  On August 15, 2014, the parental rights of T.L.O. (“Father 1”), the father
of J.D.L., and L.F.I.F.F. (“Father 2”), father of L.F.F. and M.F.I.F.F., were
terminated. Father 1 and Father 2 are not a party to the current appeal, nor
did they file separate appeals. Father 1 is currently serving a fourteen to
thirty-two year sentence in state prison following convictions for substance
offenses. Father 2 is serving a sentence in Northampton Courty Prison,
following a conviction for indecent assault on Mother’s oldest child, A.T.,
from another father. As a result of Father 2’s conviction, Father 2 was found
to be a sexually violent predator, and is required to register as a sex
offender for life.
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Mother contends the trial court erred in finding (1) Children without parental

care and control, (2) services available to her were not likely to remedy the

conditions which led to placement, and (3) termination of her parental rights

was in the best interests of Children. We remand.

        We glean the facts from the trial court opinion. In May of 2010, the

parties first became known to Northampton County Children and Youth

(“CYF”) as a result of domestic issues between Mother and Father 2. CYF

was concerned with domestic violence, inappropriate people in the family’s

home, developmental needs of Children, financial stability, and Mother.    In

October 2010, Father 2 was convicted of reckless endangerment for

assaulting Mother while she was pregnant with M.F.I.F.F.         Mother was

provided services through Lehigh Valley Families Together (“LVFT”).      LVFT

provided in-home therapy for Mother to address the domestic violence, to

assist her with making referrals for Children, and help her become financially

stable.

        On February 15, 2011, CYF obtained custody of A.T.,3 J.D.L. and

M.F.I.F.F. after Father 2 threw M.F.I.F.F. on a bed at Mother’s home when he

was three months old. J.D.L. and M.F.I.F.F. have been in continuous care of

CYF since their emergency placement on February 15, 2011.        On February

24, 2011, the Children were adjudicated dependent, and Mother was ordered

to obtain a Protection From Abuse Order (“PFA”) against Father 2 and

3
    A.T. is Mother’s older child.
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comply with services. The order also directed Father 2 to have no contact

with Children and to complete a batterer’s evaluation.     Children were to

remain in foster care. Mother was ordered to (1) comply with random urine

screens; (2) participate in parenting education and life skills training; (3)

participate in in-home services; (4) comply with the PFA that she obtained;

and (5) obtain stable and legitimate income and housing. N.T., 7/15/14, at

94. Mother was allowed weekly two-hour supervised visits with Children.

        On March 30, 2011, Father 2 was incarcerated for terroristic threats,

simple assault, and harassment against Mother. On May 31, 2011, Father 2

was released from jail. In July 2011, Mother amended her PFA order against

Father 2 to permit contact between them and to have Father 2 reside in her

home.    In March of 2012, Father 2 and Children had supervised visits in the

home.

     L.F.F. was born in March of 2012, and remained in the custody of

Mother and Father 2. On April 19, 2012, CYF obtained emergency custody

of L.F.F. after allegations were made that Father 2 sexually assaulted A.T.,

and Mother was non-compliant with her parenting classes.      The trial court

directed Mother to have no contact with Father 2.

     Following a hearing, on June 28, 2012, L.F.F. was adjudicated

dependent. The trial court found that Father 2 did not comply with domestic

violence treatment and Mother did not comply with her parenting treatment.

The trial court directed Mother and Father to complete those services and for

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Children to remain in foster care. On July 29, 2012, Father 2 was found in

Mother’s home and arrested for the outstanding warrant for the sexual

abuse charges of A.T. On August 1, 2012, Mother was arrested and charged

with hindering prosecution and obstructing justice for harboring Father 2.

     On October 18, 2012, a permanency review hearing was held.        Mother

and Father 2 attended the hearing even though they were incarcerated at

the time.   In November of 2012, Mother was convicted of obstruction of

justice and was sentenced to two years of probation. Mother was ordered

not to have contact with Father 2.

     On October 9, 2013, Father 2 was sentenced to one year to two years’

imprisonment for indecent assault of A.T., and was found to be a sexually

violent predator.4 On October 18, 2013, a permanency review hearing was

held. Mother attended the hearing, and Father 2 did not attend even though

he was released from jail on parole. Following the hearing, the trial court

found Mother’s progress was minimal, and found aggravated circumstances

against Father 2 as a result of the sexual assault conviction. The trial court

directed Father 2 to complete sex offender treatment and Father 2 was

prohibited from having contact with his children or Mother. On October 28,

2013, a probation violation was filed against Mother for allowing Father 2 to

spend several nights at her home.

4
  At the hearing, the court took judicial notice that Father 2 had been found
to be a sexually violent predator. N.T., 7/15/14, at 182.
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        On November 8, 2013, the trial court found that Mother violated her

probation and she was sentenced to an additional two years of probation.

Mother was also directed not to have any contact with Father 2.                 On

November 9, 2013, Father 2 violated his parole by contacting Mother. On

November 27, 2013, Father 2 was sentenced to serve the balance of his

sentence, and he remains incarcerated.

        On November 19, 2013, Mother violated her probation for using third

parties to exchange letters and phone calls with Father 2. On November 22,

2013, Mother was sentenced to one to two years in state prison, and Mother

remains incarcerated.       Mother’s last visit with Children was in November of

2013.

        On February 20, 2014, CYF filed petitions to involuntarily terminate

Mother and Father 1’s parental rights to J.D.L., and Mother and Father 2’s

parental rights to L.F.F. and M.F.I.F.F. In June 2014, Mother attempted to

send Father 2 a Father’s Day card, which was intercepted by prison

authorities.

        On July 15, 2014, the trial court held a hearing on the petitions. At

the time of the hearing, all parents were incarcerated. At the hearing, Ms.

Ryon Solis, Mother’s probation officer; Krista Welter, a licensed professional

counselor      for   Forensic   Treatment   Services;   Rebecca   Sager,5   a   CYF

5
 Ms. Sager worked with the family from July of 2010 through November of
2011. N.T. at 74.

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caseworker; Kristy Bernard,6 a CYF caseworker; Talia Cestone,7 a CYF

caseworker; Donna Reeck,8 a CYF caseworker; Father 1; and Father 2

testified. On August 26, 2014, the trial court entered its decrees terminating

Mother, Father 1, and Father 2’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.

§ 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8) and (b), and changing Children’s permanency

goals to adoption.

       Mother filed a timely notice of appeal, along with a concise statement

of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and

(b).   The trial court filed a statement “specify[ing] that the place in the

record where the reasons of this lower court for the Order terminating the

parental rights of [Mother] may be found in the Opinion and Order . . . dated

August 15, 2014.”       Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(a)

Statement, 9/16/14.

       Mother raises the following issues for our review:

       1. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err in finding that the repeated and
          continued incapacity, neglect or refusal of [M]other have
          caused [Children] to be without parental care, control and
          subsistence necessary for their physical and mental well-
          being and the conditions and cause of this incapacity,
          neglect or refusal, as well as the conditions which led to

6
  Ms. Bernard received the case from Ms. Sager in November of 2011. N.T.
at 132.
7
 Ms. Cestone received the case from Ms. Bernard in August of 2012. N.T. at
183.
8
 Ms. Reeck received the case in May of 2013 from Ms. Cestone.            N.T. at
232.
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         placement of [Children], cannot or will not be remedied by
         [M]other within a reasonable period of time?

      2. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err in finding that the services or
         assistance made available to [M]other are not likely to
         remedy the conditions which led to the placement of
         [Children] in the foreseeable future?

      3. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err in finding that the termination of
         parental rights and changing the goal to adoption would
         best serve the needs of [Children]?

Mother’s Brief at 3.

      Our review is governed by the following principles.

         When reviewing an appeal from a decree terminating
         parental rights, we are limited to determining whether the
         decision of the trial court is supported by competent
         evidence. Absent an abuse of discretion, an error of law,
         or insufficient evidentiary support for the trial court’s
         decision, the decree must stand. Where a trial court has
         granted a petition to involuntarily terminate parental
         rights, this Court must accord the hearing judge’s decision
         the same deference that we would give to a jury verdict.

In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 383 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc) (citations

omitted).

      This Court has stated

         [i]n a proceeding to terminate parental rights involuntarily,
         the burden of proof is on the party seeking termination to
         establish by clear and convincing evidence the existence of
         grounds for doing so. Our appellate review, however, does
         not require us to find clear and convincing evidence. We
         will affirm if the trial court’s findings are supported by
         competent evidence, even if the record could also support
         an opposite result.

            In addition, we need only find competent evidence to
         support the trial court’s decision as to any one subsection
         of 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a) to affirm the termination.

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In re S.H., 879 A.2d 802, 806 (Pa. Super. 2005).

     In terminating Mother’s parental rights, the trial court relied upon

Section 2511(a)(1) and (b) which provide:

        (a) General rule.─The rights of a parent in regard to a
        child may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the
        following grounds:

           (1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at
           least six months immediately preceding the filing of the
           petition either has evidenced a settled purpose of
           relinquishing parental claim to a child or has refused or
           failed to perform parental duties.

                           *    *   *

        (b) Other considerations.─The court in terminating the
        rights of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
        developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare
        of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated
        solely on the basis of environmental factors such as
        inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and
        medical care if found to be beyond the control of the
        parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant to
        subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider
        any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions
        described therein which are first initiated subsequent to
        the giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (b).

     We have explained this Court’s review of a challenge to the sufficiency

of the evidence to support the involuntary termination of parental rights

pursuant to section 2511(a)(1) as follows:

           To satisfy the requirements of section 2511(a)(1), the
        moving party must produce clear and convincing evidence
        of conduct, sustained for at least the six months prior to
        the filing of the termination petition, which reveals a

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        settled intent to relinquish parental claim to a child or a
        refusal or failure to perform parental duties. In addition,

           Section 2511 does not require that the parent
           demonstrate both a settled purpose of relinquishing
           parental claim to a child and refusal or failure to
           perform parental duties. Accordingly, parental rights
           may be terminated pursuant to [s]ection 2511(a)(1)
           if the parent either demonstrates a settled purpose
           of relinquishing parental claim to a child or fails to
           perform parental duties.

           Once the evidence establishes a failure to perform
           parental duties or a settled purpose of relinquishing
           parental rights, the court must engage in three lines
           of inquiry: (1) the parent’s explanation for his or her
           conduct; (2) the post-abandonment contact between
           parent and child; and (3) consideration of the effect
           of termination of parental rights on the child
           pursuant to [s]ection 2511(b).

In re Z.S.W., 946 A.2d 726, 730 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citations omitted).

        The Supreme Court has defined parental duty as follows:

           There is no simple or easy definition of parental
           duties. Parental duty is best understood in relation
           to the needs of a child.        A child needs love,
           protection, guidance, and support. These needs,
           physical and emotional, cannot be met by a merely
           passive interest in the development of the child.
           Thus, this Court has held that the parental obligation
           is a positive duty which requires affirmative
           performance.

           This affirmative duty encompasses more than a
           financial obligation; it requires continuing interest in
           the child and a genuine effort to maintain
           communication and association with the child.

           Because a child needs more than a benefactor,
           parental duty requires that a parent exert himself to
           take and maintain a place of importance in the
           child’s life.

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         Parental duty requires that the parent act affirmatively
         with good faith interest and effort, and not yield to every
         problem, in order to maintain the parent-child relationship
         to the best of his or her ability, even in difficult
         circumstances.      A parent must utilize all available
         resources to preserve the parental relationship, and must
         exercise reasonable firmness in resisting obstacles placed
         in the path of maintaining the parent-child relationship.
         Parental rights are not preserved by waiting for a more
         suitable or convenient time to perform one’s parental
         responsibilities while others provide the child with . . . her
         physical and emotional needs.

In re B., N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 855 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citations omitted).

      Instantly, the trial court found that J.D.L. and M.F.I.F.F. have been in

continuous care of CYF since 2011, and L.F.F. has been in continuous care of

CYF since 2012. Trial Ct. Op., 8/15/14, at 12. The trial court opined:

         [Mother] has repeatedly placed [C]hildren in danger at the
         hands of Father 2 and has failed to avail herself of the
         myriad of services offered to her by [CYF]. Instead, she
         continued to surreptitiously pursue her relationship with
         Father 2, going as far as to use third parties to facilitate
         phone calls and send letters to Father 2. Mother continued
         to deny Father 2’s abuse of her eldest son, A.T., and in
         fact harbored Father 2 while there was a warrant for his
         arrest on the sexual assault charges. Mother has refused
         to establish a safe home, away from Father 2, for
         [C]hildren. Mother remains incarcerated for her willful
         violations of [c]ourt orders directing her to stay away from
         Father 2. As recently as a month before trial, Mother
         continued to correspond with Father 2. Like Father 2,
         Mother has not and cannot perform her parental duties.

Id. at 11.

      Ms. Welter testified Mother was referred to her agency by CYF for

protective parenting.    N.T., 7/15/14, at 36-37.      Protective parenting is

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treatment provided to individuals in relationships with perpetrators or family

members who have abused someone. Id. at 37. Mother reported a lengthy

history of domestic violence perpetrated on her directly by Father 2. Id. at

41. When an individual denies, excuses or minimizes behaviors like those

perpetrated by Father 2, it is difficult to protectively parent a child. Id. at

42.   Mother continued to display disbelief regarding Father 2.     Id. at 43.

She did not believe Father 2 sexually abused her son. Id. at 43-44. Mother

was an unsafe parent.      Id. at 47.       Mother presented as having a job

although she had lost it. Id. at 52.

      Ms. Sager testified. She made a referral to LVFT for in-home therapy.

Id. at 80.    Mother did not get “very far with either acknowledging or

processing the domestic violence in the relationship.” Id. at 113. She “did

not believe that any of the issues that lead to the initial dependency had

been resolved or thoroughly addressed in order to feel safe having Children

returned].”   Id. at 116-17.   Mother “was ordered to comply with random

urine screens, parenting education and life skills training, in-home services,

non-offending parenting, counseling[,] the PFA that she had obtained, and to

obtain stable and legitimate income and housing.” Id. at 94.

      Ms. Bernard received the case from Ms. Sager in November of 2011.

Id. at 132.    Dr. Gill9 recommended that Father 2 have no unsupervised

contact with any minor children.       Id. at 147.   Ms. Bernard testified that

9
  We note the parties stipulated to Dr. Gill’s report. N.T. at 14. Our review
of the record does not reveal Dr. Gill’s first name.
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Mother never accepted the possibility that Father 2 could harm Children after

Father 2’s allegations of sexual abuse. Id. at 159.

      Ms. Cestone testified she received the matter through Ms. Bernard.

Id. at 183. Mother, upon her release from prison, “would have to cooperate

with random urine screens, mental health treatment, parenting instruction,

and maintain stable housing, employment, and cooperate with non-offending

parenting.”   Id. at 188.   Mother told Ms. Cestone that “she did not find

[Father 2] to be a dangerous individual to anyone.” Id. at 199. When she

was ready to transfer the case, Ms. Cestone did not think Mother was in a

position to parent Children. Id. at 207.

      Ms. Reeck testified that Mother was aware that Father 2 was

designated a sexually violent predator. Id. at 238. Ms. Sager, Ms. Bernard,

and Ms. Reeck testified that Mother did not complete her LVFT services,

parenting classes, mental health treatment, and domestic violence therapy

due to her lack of attendance and her refusal to discuss her relationship with

Father 2. Id. at 99-101, 111, 165, 173, 238-39.

      We defer to a trial court’s determination of credibility, absent an abuse

of discretion, and discern no such abuse in its finding credible the testimony

of the CYF caseworkers and Ms. Welter. See In re S.H., 879 A.2d at 806.

Moreover, the record makes apparent that Mother has failed or refused to

perform parental duties. See 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1); In re Z.S.W., 946

A.2d at 730; In re B., N.M., 856 A.2d at 855. Accordingly, we can discern

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no abuse of discretion or error of law in the trial court’s conclusion. See In

re B.L.W., 843 A.2d at 383.

      Mother argues that the trial court erred in finding that the termination

of parental rights would best serve the needs and welfare of Children.

Mother avers that a bond exists between Mother and Children, and thus

termination of her parental rights would be “contrary to the intent and

purpose of Pennsylvania statutes and appellate case law.” Mother’s Brief at

13.

      With regard to Section 2511(b), this Court has stated:

            Once the statutory requirement for involuntary
         termination of parental rights has been established under
         subsection (a), the court must consider whether the child’s
         needs and welfare will be met by termination pursuant to
         subsection (b). In this context, the court must take into
         account whether a bond exists between child and parent,
         and whether termination would destroy an existing,
         necessary and beneficial relationship.

In re Z.P., 994 A.2d 1108, 1121 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citations omitted).

            While a parent’s emotional bond with his or her child is
         a major aspect of the subsection 2511(b) best-interest
         analysis, it is nonetheless only one of many factors to be
         considered by the court when determining what is in the
         best interest of the child. The mere existence of an
         emotional bond does not preclude the termination of
         parental rights. See In re T.D., 949 A.2d 910 (Pa.
         Super. 2008) (trial court’s decision to terminate parents’
         parental rights was affirmed where court balanced strong
         emotional bond against parents’ inability to serve needs of
         child). As we explained in In re A.S., 11 A.3d 473, 483
         (Pa. Super. 2010),

               [I]n addition to a bond examination, the trial
            court can equally emphasize the safety needs of the

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             child, and should also consider the intangibles, such
             as the love, comfort, security, and stability the child
             might have with the foster parent. Additionally, this
             Court stated that the trial court should consider the
             importance of continuity of relationships and whether
             any existing parent-child bond can be severed
             without detrimental effects on the child.

In re N.A.M., 33 A.3d 95, 103 (Pa. Super. 2011).

      We note from our review that the trial court recognized Section

2511(b). However, the trial court did not complete an analysis of the nature

of the parent-child bond and the effect on Children of permanently severing

that bond.   Without the trial court’s Section 2511(b) analysis of the bond

between Mother and Children, and effect on Children from severing such a

bond, we are constrained to remand this matter to the trial court for an

opinion addressing the bond between Mother and Children, and the effect a

termination of parental rights would have on Children. On remand, the trial

court shall conduct an analysis regarding this issue.

      Additionally, the trial court shall provide an analysis of its reason for

changing the permanency goal to adoption pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 6351.

This Court has stated:

             When we review a trial court’s order to change the
             placement goal for a dependent child to adoption,
             our standard is abuse of discretion. . . . We are
             bound by the trial court’s findings of fact that have
             support in the record.        The trial court, not the
             appellate court, is charged with the responsibilities of
             evaluating credibility of the witnesses and resolving
             any conflicts in the testimony. In carrying out these
             responsibilities, the trial court is free to believe all,
             part, or none of the evidence. When the trial court’s

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            findings are supported by competent evidence of
            record, we will affirm even if the record could also
            support an opposite result.

           Next, we note that in matters of placement for a
        dependent child, the trial court must be guided by the best
        interests of the child—not those of his or her parents.

        Placement of and custody issues pertaining to dependent
        children are controlled by the Juvenile Act [, which] place
        the focus of dependency proceedings, including change of
        goal proceedings, on the child. Safety, permanency, and
        well-being of the child must take precedence over all other
        considerations, including the rights of the parents.

        At each review hearing for a dependent child who has been
        removed from the parental home, the court must consider
        the following, statutorily-mandated factors:

            the continuing necessity for and appropriateness of
            the placement; the extent of compliance with the
            service plan developed for the child; the extent of
            progress made towards alleviating the circumstances
            which necessitated the original placement; the
            appropriateness and feasibility of the current
            placement goal for the child; and, a likely date by
            which the goal for the child might be achieved. [42
            Pa.C.S. § 6351(f)].

                                *     *      *

        When the child welfare agency has made reasonable
        efforts to return a foster child to his or her biological
        parent, but those efforts have failed, then the agency must
        redirect its efforts towards placing the child in an adoptive
        home. This Court has held that the placement process
        should be completed within 18 months.

In re A.K., 936 A.2d 528, 532-33 (Pa. Super. 2007) (some citations

omitted).   We direct the trial court to address the change of goal to

adoption.

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     Accordingly, we remand this case, and direct the trial court to file an

opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a), within fourteen days of the date of

this memorandum.

     Case remanded with instructions. Jurisdiction retained. Prothonotary

instructed to issue new briefing schedule upon receipt of Rule 1925(a)

opinion.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/17/2015

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