Court Opinion

ID: 623221
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2012-02-21 20:57:47+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:51:03.717942
License: Public Domain

CLD-086                                                         NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                       No. 11-3173
                                       ___________

                                   STEVEN A. McGEE,
                                                Appellant

                                             v.

                            WARDEN WILLIAM SCISM;
                             US ATTORNEY GENERAL
                       ____________________________________

                       Appeal from the United States District Court
                          for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                                (D.C. Civil No. 10-cv-02463)
                      District Judge: Honorable Richard P. Conaboy
                       ____________________________________

         Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)
         or Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
                                   January 12, 2012

              Before: RENDELL, HARDIMAN and ROTH, Circuit Judges

                            (Opinion filed: February 21, 2012)
                                        _________

                               OPINION OF THE COURT
                                     _________

PER CURIAM

       Steven A. McGee filed a petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241 to challenge

allegedly retaliatory prison disciplinary proceedings. He claimed that, in retaliation for

having filed administrative grievances and an earlier habeas petition, correctional officers
placed him in administrative segregation, and charged him with being unsanitary, which

led to the loss of his telephone privileges for 30 days, and with possessing an

unauthorized radio, which led to the loss of 13 days of good time credits. In the District

Court, McGee also sought a preliminary injunction or temporary restraining order barring

his transfer to another prison, any confiscation or destruction of his legal documents, and

any retaliatory acts. The District Court denied his petition and his motion for injunctive

relief. McGee appeals.

       After McGee filed a notice of appeal, the Clerk of this Court sent him a letter with

case opening information, including information about fees on appeal. McGee then filed

letters relating to the assessment of filing and docketing fees in his case. On September

30, 2011, the Clerk issued an order construing his letters as motions to clarify what the

Clerk told him about the relevant fees. Granting the motion, the Clerk explained that

McGee either had to pay the fees or file an application to proceed in forma pauperis

(“ifp”) on appeal. In response to an argument raised by McGee, the Clerk explained that

he was correct that the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) does not apply to an

appeal from the denial of a habeas petition (and further stated that if McGee qualified for

ifp status, he would not have to pay the filing fee). McGee then filed a motion to proceed

ifp on appeal, which was granted. McGee also filed a motion to “reconsider, vacate, or

modify” the Clerk’s order of September 30, 2011. In his motion, he states that the Clerk

                                             2
erred in requiring him to file an ifp application because the PLRA does not apply to

habeas actions.

         McGee also presents a motion to stay this appeal so that he can seek review by

certiorari in the United States Supreme Court of “issues and collateral matters at stake” in

this case. He nonetheless also requests that we take summary action to vacate the District

Court’s judgment. In that motion, he claims that the District Court did not properly

adjudicate his § 2241 petition1 and violated the Suspension Clause because the District

Court did not permit him to file a reply to the response to his petition. In argument that

he has submitted in support of his appeal, McGee further elaborates on the arguments in

his other filings, including his need for certiorari review related to what he describes as a

systematic transfer of prisoners from the jurisdictions where they have filed habeas

petitions. He also contends that the District Court intentionally misconstrued his

retaliation claims, and erred in ruling that those claims could not be raised in his habeas

petition.

         We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. ' 1291. We “exercise plenary review

over the District Court’s legal conclusions and apply a clearly erroneous standard to its

findings of fact.” See O’Donald v. Johns, 402 F.3d 172, 173 n.1 (3d Cir. 2005); see also

United States v. Friedland, 83 F.3d 1531, 1542 (3d Cir. 1996) (“Our review of the district

court’s order denying . . . relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 is plenary.”). We will affirm the

1
    More specifically, he calls the District Court adjudication of his petition a “sham

                                                3
District Court’s denial of preliminary injunctive relief “unless the court abused its

discretion, committed an obvious error of law, or made a serious mistake in considering

the proof.” Campbell Soup Co. v. ConAgra, Inc., 977 F.2d 86, 90 (3d Cir. 1992) (citing

Bradley v. Pittsburgh Bd. Of Educ., 910 F.2d 1172, 1175 (3d Cir. 1990). Upon review,

we will summarily affirm the District Court’s judgment because no substantial issue is

presented on appeal. See 3d. L.A.R. 27.4; 3d Cir. I.O.P. 10.6.

       To the extent that McGee complained about the temporary loss of telephone

privileges or the transfer to administrative segregation, his claims were not cognizable in

habeas. Neither claim was a challenge to the fact or duration of imprisonment, which is

the essential purpose of the writ of habeas corpus. See Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S.

475, 484, 498-99 (1973). Although a prisoner may also challenge the execution of his

sentence pursuant to § 2241, see Coady v. Vaughn, 251 F.3d 480, 495 (3d Cir. 2001), the

simple or garden variety transfer to administrative segregation and temporary loss of the

use of a phone fall short of implicating how a sentence is being “executed.” See Woodall

v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 432 F.3d 235, 243 (3d Cir. 2005).

       McGee’s challenge to the disciplinary proceeding that resulted in the loss of good

time credits was cognizable, however. Due process protections attach in prison

disciplinary proceedings in which the loss of good-time credits is at stake. See Wolff v.

McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 564-65 (1974). In Wolff, the Supreme Court held that an

proceeding.”

                                             4
inmate must receive “(1) advance written notice of the disciplinary charges; (2) an

opportunity, when consistent with institutional safety and correctional goals, to call

witnesses and present documentary evidence in his defense; and (3) a written statement

by the factfinder of the evidence relied on and the reasons for the disciplinary action.”

Superintendent v. Hill, 472 U.S. 445, 454 (1985).

       In Hill, the Supreme Court further explained that to meet the minimum

requirements of due process, the findings of the prison disciplinary board must also be

supported by some evidence in the record. See id. The “some evidence” standard “does

not require examination of the entire record, independent assessment of the credibility of

witnesses, or weighing of the evidence.” Id. at 455. “[T]he relevant question is whether

there is any evidence in the record that could support the conclusion reached by the

disciplinary board.” Id. at 455-56.

       As the District Court explained with citations to the record, McGee received

advance written notice of the disciplinary charge; he was provided with a staff

representative; and he had the opportunity to present evidence. McGee, himself,

provided a statement at his hearing. At the conclusion of his hearing, McGee was given a

written statement of the evidence relied on and the reasons for the disciplinary action

against him. In short, McGee received the procedural protections set forth in Wolff.

Also, in light of McGee’s own statement at the proceeding (as well as a photograph and a

an incident report), the “some evidence” standard of Hill was satisfied.

                                             5
         McGee’s retaliation claim, as it related to the loss of his good time credits, was

also properly presented in his habeas petition, because it affects the duration of his

sentence. See Queen v. Miner, 530 F.3d 253, 255 n.2 (3d Cir. 2008). However, the

District Court did not err in denying this aspect of the petition. Assuming that McGee

met his burden to show that his exercise of a constitutional right was a substantial or

motivating factor for the correctional officers’ action, there is evidence in the record

(namely the record of the disciplinary proceeding) that shows that the officers would

have made the same decision absent the protected conduct for reasons reasonably related

to a legitimate penological interest. See Carter v. McGrady, 292 F.3d 152, 159 (3d Cir.

2002) (applying Rauser v. Horn, 241 F.3d 330, 334 (3d Cir. 2001)); Henderson v. Baird,

29 F.3d 464, 469 (8th Cir. 1994) (holding that if a prison disciplinary committee’s

finding of a violation of prison rules is based on some evidence, that “finding essentially

checkmates [a] retaliation claim”).

         Furthermore, to the extent that McGee’s retaliation claim did not relate to the loss

of his good time credits, 2 the District Court properly dismissed the claim because it could

not be brought in habeas. See Leamer v. Fauver, 288 F.3d 532, 542 (3d Cir. 2002)

(“[W]hen the challenge is to a condition of confinement such that a finding in plaintiff's

favor would not alter his sentence or undo his conviction, [a civil rights action] is

appropriate.”)

2
    For example, he claimed that his transfer into administrative segregation was retaliatory.

                                               6
       In sum, the District Court properly denied McGee’s habeas petition. In addition,

the District Court did not abuse its discretion by denying McGee’s motion for

preliminary injunctive relief. McGee failed to demonstrate, among other relevant factors,

a reasonable likelihood of success on the merits of his case. See Council of Alt. Political

Parties v. Hooks, 121 F.3d 876, 879 (3d Cir. 1997); see also Erie Telecomm. v. Erie, 853

F.2d 1084, 1089 (3d Cir. 1988) (holding that we may affirm on any basis supported by

the record).

       For these reasons, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment. We also deny

McGee’s motion for summary action to vacate the District Court’s judgment, motion for

a stay, and motion to reconsider, vacate, or modify the Clerk’s order of September 30,

2011. In reference to one of the arguments that McGee presents in his motion for

summary action, we note that the District Court did accept a partial reply brief out of time

when McGee asked for an extension of time to file a reply. Although McGee asserts that

the Suspension Clause was violated because the District Court ruled before McGee had

an opportunity to submit a fuller brief, we disagree. In no way was the proceeding

inadequate or ineffective. See Swain v. Pressley, 430 U.S. 372, 381-82 (1977)

(explaining that the Suspension Clause is violated only where the remedy of habeas

corpus is rendered inadequate or ineffective). Also, in relation to the motion to

reconsider, vacate, or modify the Clerk’s order, we note that it is essentially as our Clerk

already explained. The filing fee payment requirements of the PLRA do not apply in

                                              7
habeas proceedings. See Santana v. United States, 98 F.3d 752, 756 (3d Cir. 1996).

However, to be excused from paying the filing fee, a litigant must apply for, and be

granted, ifp status. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915.

                                             8