Court Opinion

ID: 1044214
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 02:10:23.039481+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:53:14.507072
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT JACKSON
                            Assigned on Briefs May 7, 2013

                    ERIC CATHEY v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

              Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County
                     No. 06-09596    James M. Lamey, Jr., Judge

                No. W2012-01460-CCA-R3-PC - Filed August 30, 2013

The petitioner, Eric Cathey, filed in the Shelby County Criminal Court a petition for post-
conviction relief from his convictions of felony murder and aggravated child abuse, alleging
that his trial counsel was ineffective. After an evidentiary hearing, the post-conviction court
denied the petition, and the petitioner appeals. Upon review, we affirm the judgment of the
post-conviction court.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court is Affirmed.

N ORMA M CG EE O GLE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which J ERRY L. S MITH and
A LAN E. G LENN, JJ., joined.

Scottie O. Wilkes, Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellant, Eric Cathey.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Sophia S. Lee, Senior Counsel; Amy
P. Weirich, District Attorney General; and Jessica Banti, Assistant District Attorney General,
for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                         OPINION

                                  I. Factual Background

       On direct appeal, see State v. Eric Cathey, No. W2008-01446-CCA-R3-CD, 2010 WL
2836632 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Jackson, July 20, 2010), this court summarized the proof
adduced at trial as follows: In the late afternoon of May 9, 2006, the victim, who was the
two-month-old daughter of the petitioner and Jennifer Pegg, stopped breathing and became
unresponsive. The victim was initially taken to Delta Medical Center and was then
transported to Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital for further care. Doctors at Le Bonheur
Children’s Hospital determined that the victim had irreversible brain damage due to serious
brain injuries, which included bleeding, swelling, and subdural hematomas. The injuries
were the result of extreme trauma from physical abuse, namely shaking, which was likened
to the severity of injuries caused by a car accident. Additionally, x-rays revealed multiple,
non-accidental bone fractures to the victim’s clavicle, ribs, humerus, both femurs, and both
tibias. There were also hemorrhages to both of the victim’s retinas. After six days in the
hospital, the victim was removed from life support and passed away on May 15, 2006. The
proof revealed that the victim’s death was caused by injuries that were intentionally inflicted
sometime between 5:00 and 5:30 p.m. on May 9, 2006, at which time the victim was in the
sole care of the petitioner. The petitioner testified that when he realized the victim was
unresponsive, he tried to administer CPR. The petitioner later told the police that he shook
the victim in an attempt to wake her but that he had not shaken her hard enough to cause the
injuries. The petitioner could not explain the victim’s injuries. Id. at *1-9.

       The jury convicted the petitioner of felony murder, aggravated child abuse, and
aggravated child neglect. Id. at *1. The trial court merged the child neglect conviction into
the child abuse conviction and imposed a sentence of twenty years. Id. The court imposed
a concurrent sentence of life imprisonment for the murder conviction. Id. On direct appeal,
this court affirmed the petitioner’s convictions and sentences. Id.

        Subsequently, the petitioner filed a petition for post-conviction relief, alleging that his
trial counsel was ineffective by failing to investigate the case and by failing to hire a medical
expert.

        At the post-conviction hearing, the appellant’s sister, Latasha Cathey, testified that
trial counsel represented the petitioner for approximately sixteen months. During that time,
the petitioner’s mother was usually the person with whom counsel spoke, but Ms. Cathey
occasionally left voicemail messages for trial counsel. Ms Cathey stated that counsel failed
to investigate the case, noting that few of the petitioner’s family members were contacted to
speak about his character. Ms. Cathey acknowledged that an investigator also worked on the
petitioner’s case but maintained that she did not speak with the investigator. She stated that
the petitioner had babysat for children and that her children liked being around him. In her
opinion, the petitioner would not have harmed his own child.

       Ms. Cathey said that the petitioner and Pegg frequently argued and that Pegg had
threatened the petitioner. Counsel should have investigated the petitioner and Pegg’s
contentious relationship and presented proof about Pegg’s character.

        Ms. Cathey said that she, her mother, and her cousin, Crystal Brown, met with trial
counsel only once. The meeting occurred approximately two weeks prior to trial and lasted
thirty to sixty minutes. Counsel did not tell them what motions had been filed or explain the

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theory of defense. Instead, they discussed the petitioner’s statement and what happened on
the day of the offense.

       Ms. Cathey stated that on May 9, 2006, after the victim was taken to the hospital, she
went to the hospital. She saw the petitioner, and he was distressed, distraught, and crying.
The petitioner did not sleep while Ms. Cathey was at the hospital. Pegg was also at the
hospital, and she was unemotional, nonchalant, and quiet.

        On cross-examination, Ms. Cathey acknowledged that she testified at the petitioner’s
trial, mostly about the petitioner’s character. She conceded that she was not present during
meetings the petitioner had with trial counsel and did not know what they had discussed.
Prior to trial, counsel never asked about the petitioner’s relationship with Pegg, and Ms.
Cathey never volunteered the information. Additionally, Ms. Cathey did not inform trial
counsel about potential character witnesses. Ms. Cathey acknowledged that she was aware
the petitioner had two prior assault convictions and that the victim of one of the assaults was
the mother of the petitioner’s other child. Ms. Cathey conceded that any character witness
could have been asked about the petitioner’s violent criminal past on cross-examination.

       The petitioner’s first cousin, Crystal Shavonne Brown, testified that she, Ms. Cathey,
and the petitioner’s mother met with trial counsel once, shortly before trial. Trial counsel
“showed [them] a lot of paperwork of the docket, what was going on” and asked about the
relationship between the petitioner and the victim. Brown stated that trial counsel did not
give them much information and failed to answer many of the family’s questions.

        Brown said that she wanted Pegg to be investigated because she was also home with
the victim on the day she was injured. However, Pegg was not investigated. Brown did not
know of any problems in the petitioner’s relationship with Pegg but had heard that Pegg went
to the petitioner’s workplace, “cutting up people a couple of times.”

        Brown acknowledged that she did not know the petitioner provided trial counsel with
a list of potential character witnesses. Brown was unaware of any other investigation that
occurred. Brown would have testified that the petitioner was good with children, loved the
victim, and would not have done anything to hurt her.

       Brown said that she went to the hospital after the victim was admitted and saw that
the petitioner was distraught and crying. Pegg was also at the hospital, but she showed no
emotion.

      On cross-examination, Brown acknowledged that she was not present for the meetings
between the petitioner and trial counsel and did not know what they discussed. Brown

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informed trial counsel that the petitioner was good with children. Brown said that she would
have testified that the petitioner had good character even though she knew he had two prior
convictions for assault. Brown said that she watched the petitioner’s entire trial and heard
Ms. Cathey testify about the petitioner’s character and about Pegg’s behavior.

       The petitioner testified that trial counsel represented him for fourteen to sixteen
months. During that time, they met four or five times at the jail, and each visit lasted one to
one and one-half hours. At each of the petitioner’s numerous court dates, trial counsel spoke
with him for a few minutes. Each of his meetings with counsel consisted of “recapping what
happened in the case and not findings of the case or any evidence that [trial counsel] may
have c[o]me across or investigated or anything like that. It was[] never a conversation about
anything . . . being productive as evidentiary wise.”

        The petitioner contended that counsel should have filed a motion to suppress his
statement to police. He explained that at the time he was interviewed, he had been awake
for approximately thirty-two hours. The petitioner was concerned about the victim and did
not understand why the investigation was focused on him. The petitioner was handcuffed
and was not advised that he could leave, that he did not have to give a statement, and that he
could have an attorney. The petitioner signed an “Interrogation Advice of Rights” form prior
to the interview because he wanted to cooperate. He asserted that he was not in the “right
state of mind” to give a statement. Trial counsel never asked the petitioner about the
circumstances surrounding the statement.

        The petitioner maintained that he told counsel to investigate whether Pegg committed
the offense. He thought Pegg was jealous of his relationship with the victim. He explained
that he and the victim had a strong bond and that he was capable of soothing the victim when
Pegg could not. The petitioner recalled that two days before the incident, he was holding the
victim when he and Pegg began arguing about a check stub she found in his wallet. Pegg
“snatched” the victim from his hands, and the petitioner tried retrieve the victim. Pegg
“jerk[ed]” the victim away, and the victim’s head hit the wall. The petitioner told trial
counsel about the injury, but counsel never investigated the incident or mentioned it at trial.
Additionally, the petitioner alleged that Pegg was an angry person, that she had harassed him
at work, and that she had vandalized his car.

        The petitioner said that he gave counsel a list of the names, telephone numbers, and
addresses of potential character witnesses who knew of Pegg’s prior aggressive acts toward
the petitioner and who had seen him interact with children, including the victim. He and trial
counsel discussed having them testify at trial, but counsel never contacted them. One of the
prospective witnesses was Yolanda Marshall, the petitioner’s former girlfriend, who attended
the petitioner’s trial but was not called to testify. The petitioner maintained that he thought

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the investigation into his case was “ignored.” The petitioner wanted more witnesses called
on his behalf.

       The petitioner acknowledged that on cross-examination, trial counsel asked Pegg if
she was jealous of the petitioner’s relationship with the victim. However, he contended that
the cross-examination was not “detailed.” He asserted that the witnesses he suggested “could
have brought this information out.”

        The petitioner said that he did not know the theory of defense until opening statements
when he heard counsel emphasize that the State had the burden of proof. The petitioner
stated, “I knew then that we didn’t really have . . . any kind of offense [sic] going into this
trial.” The petitioner said that trial counsel did not prepare him to testify. She told him that
the State would try to upset him but that he needed “to keep [his] cool and just tell [his]
story.” The petitioner stated that counsel never informed him of any plea offers and that he
would have considered a plea offer.

        The petitioner acknowledged that he had two prior assault convictions. The victims
were the mother and grandmother of the petitioner’s oldest son. The petitioner said that his
son’s mother was on his potential witness list. The petitioner said that his sister, Ms. Cathey,
testified at his trial, and he acknowledged that counsel stopped her direct examination of Ms.
Cathey prior to opening the door to evidence of the petitioner’s criminal history. The
petitioner would have preferred that character witnesses testify on his behalf, even if such
testimony risked revealing his criminal past. Trial counsel did not ask his opinion on the
matter. The petitioner stated that trial counsel never discussed the witnesses she would call.
The petitioner wanted to call more witnesses than just himself and Ms. Cathey.

        The petitioner said that trial counsel should have obtained a medical expert. He
explained that the doctors who testified at trial had differing opinions regarding how the
victim’s injuries occurred. He believed another expert could have clarified what happened
to the victim and when it happened.

       Approximately one week prior to trial, trial counsel told the petitioner that she would
speak with the medical examiner. The petitioner said that trial counsel gave him a copy of
the medical examiner’s report, but she did not give him a complete copy of the victim’s
medical records. He acknowledged that trial counsel gave him a “medical and social work
note from LeBonheur,” which indicated that Pegg or Pegg’s mother told a social worker that
she overheard Marshall tell the petitioner not to mention that Marshall had been at his home
on the day of the offense. The petitioner thought the note indicated that Pegg was attempting
to “[]point the finger at [him] and get more attention off her.”

                                              -5-
         On cross-examination, the petitioner said that he gave the list of potential witnesses
to trial counsel the day they met. However, he conceded that none of the witnesses were at
the house on the day of the offense and that the witnesses could only have testified regarding
the petitioner’s or Pegg’s character. The petitioner acknowledged that one of the witnesses
on his list, Ms. Cathey, testified on his behalf at trial.

        Regarding his statement, the petitioner maintained that trial counsel should have filed
a motion to suppress his statement to the police. He stated that he was not advised that he
did not have to give a statement. He acknowledged that in the statement, he did not admit
to killing the victim or to intentionally causing her injuries; however, he did state that he
shook the victim. He further acknowledged that the police advised him of his Miranda rights
prior to the statement.

       Trial counsel testified that she began representing the petitioner in January or February
2007. The petitioner’s trial was originally scheduled for November 2007 but was postponed
until April 2008. Trial counsel spoke with the petitioner at each court appearance and met
with him several times at the jail. They discussed the case, including the State’s proof, the
defense’s response to that proof, and any potential witnesses.

       Trial counsel said the petitioner told her that his family and friends did not visit him
often while he lived with Pegg and the victim and that he was the only person at the
residence when the victim became unresponsive. Trial counsel stated that the petitioner did
not give her a list of potential witnesses and asserted that if she had been provided the list,
she would have had an investigator contact the individuals. The petitioner provided the
names and telephone numbers of his sister and his mother because they were the only people
who had seen him interact with the victim. Trial counsel met with the petitioner’s mother
and sister, and they told her they had seen the petitioner with the victim once for a short
amount of time when the petitioner helped his mother move. During the meeting, they
decided that Ms. Cathey would be a better witness and that the petitioner’s mother would not
have been able to add anything to Ms. Cathey’s testimony. Trial counsel informed the
petitioner that Ms. Cathey would be a character witness.

       Trial counsel said that she provided the petitioner with “a social work note” from the
victim’s medical records in order to question whether he was “covering up for someone
else.” The petitioner consistently told counsel “that the baby became unresponsive, there had
been no other trauma, no other violence to the baby throughout that whole day, that he was
the only one that was there with the baby when the baby became unresponsive and he was
the one that shook her.” The statements given to police by Pegg and Pegg’s mother
corroborated the petitioner’s version of events.

                                              -6-
       Trial counsel acknowledged that the petitioner told her that he and Pegg argued
frequently and that Pegg was violent. Trial counsel did not recall the petitioner mentioning
that Pegg came to his work place and slashed his tires.

       Trial counsel said that she consulted an emergency room nurse in the public
defender’s office and that they reviewed the victim’s medical files. Trial counsel stated that
“the doctor’s reports . . . were consistent with basically right along the time when she was
injured.” Accordingly, trial counsel felt that hiring a medical expert was unnecessary.

       Trial counsel did not think that a motion to suppress the petitioner’s statement would
have been successful. Moreover, counsel noted that in his statement, the petitioner had not
admitting killing the victim. Counsel believed the statement was beneficial and helped
demonstrate that the petitioner was a considerate caregiver. She said that the petitioner’s trial
testimony was consistent with his statement.

       Trial counsel said she asked the State to make a plea offer, but she was informed that
the victim’s mother insisted upon a trial. Counsel advised the petitioner that no plea offer
was forthcoming.

        On cross-examination, trial counsel said that at each of the petitioner’s court
appearances, they spoke for at least ten to fifteen minutes and that they once spoke for thirty
minutes. Trial counsel acknowledged that the petitioner gave her Sheena Collins’s name and
telephone number as a potential witness and that she did not recall ever speaking with
Collins. Trial counsel also did not recall speaking with Yolanda Marshall. Trial counsel said
that if Marshall had called counsel’s office, counsel would have instructed an investigator
to return the call.

       Trial counsel acknowledged that the petitioner told her about the argument he and
Pegg had before the victim’s death. Trial counsel went over the medical reports with the
petitioner. Counsel said that she did not meet with the medical examiner until approximately
one week before trial but that she had the medical examiner’s report much earlier.

        Trial counsel said that she considered filing a motion to suppress the petitioner’s
statement but that she did not have any grounds to suppress. Moreover, she thought the
statement was more helpful than harmful because it revealed the petitioner was “caring and
compassionate” with the victim. She said that if the petitioner had been awake for thirty-two
hours prior to making the statement, it was “a factor but not a determining factor” in having
the statement suppressed.

       Trial counsel said that during her visits with the petitioner at the jail, they often

                                               -7-
“rehash[ed]” the facts of the case because “[n]othing had changed in the case. Nothing new
had developed. There was nothing more to share with [the petitioner]. He hadn’t given me
anything new. I had nothing new for him.” Trial counsel acknowledged that the petitioner’s
statement revealed that he was the only person with the victim after 3:00 p.m.; however, she
said, “That’s the only hurtful thing I saw in the statement, double-edged sword, basically.”
She stated that without the petitioner’s statement, the testimony of Pegg and her mother could
have placed the petitioner with the victim at the time she became unresponsive.

       Trial counsel said that Dr. Bugnitz testified that the injuries had occurred within
twelve to twenty-four hours prior to the victim’s admission to the hospital. She said that Dr.
Chancellor may have stated that the injuries occurred six or seven days prior to her
examining the victim, but counsel explained that “by the time Dr. Chancellor got the baby,
the baby had been on life support that long.” Trial counsel further stated that Dr. Chancellor
“could not pinpoint the exact time [of injury] because of all that.”

      Trial counsel asserted that she investigated the case, spoke with the witnesses
suggested by the petitioner, and attempted to interview Pegg, who refused to cooperate.
Counsel frequently spoke with the petitioner about the case.

         At the conclusion of the hearing, the post-conviction court said that the petitioner’s
statement was self-serving, logical, and did not appear to have been given by someone who
was “punch-drunk from being awake so long.” The court further found that trial counsel did
not err by failing to file a motion to suppress, noting that there was no basis for the motion.
The court observed that, in addition to the petitioner’s statement, Pegg’s testimony also put
the petitioner alone with the victim at the estimated time of the injury. The court accredited
trial counsel’s testimony that the petitioner did not provide her an extensive list of possible
witnesses. Moreover, the court noted that testimony regarding the petitioner’s good character
would have allowed the jury to hear evidence regarding his two assault convictions. The
court noted that evidence of the petitioner’s abuse of his girlfriend could have led the jury
to believe the petitioner would not hesitate to hurt his child. Therefore, the post-conviction
court determined that trial counsel made a sound, tactical decision to not have numerous
witnesses testify regarding the petitioner’s general good character. The court found that the
petitioner presented no evidence to show that further investigation or more meetings with the
petitioner would have been helpful. Finally, the court said, “[Y]ou can’t say that counsel’s
performance prejudiced this [petitioner]. Clarence Darrow couldn’t have done anything with
this. . . . I can’t even imagine what – without absolutely making up things, what else could
have been done.” In sum, the court found that counsel was not ineffective. On appeal, the
petitioner challenges this ruling.

                                              -8-
                                         II. Analysis

       To be successful in a claim for post-conviction relief, a petitioner must prove the
factual allegations contained in the post-conviction petition by clear and convincing
evidence. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f). “‘Clear and convincing evidence means
evidence in which there is no serious or substantial doubt about the correctness of the
conclusions drawn from the evidence.’” State v. Holder, 15 S.W.3d 905, 911 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1999) (quoting Hodges v. S.C. Toof & Co., 833 S.W.2d 896, 901 n.3 (Tenn. 1992)).
Issues regarding the credibility of witnesses, the weight and value to be accorded their
testimony, and the factual questions raised by the evidence adduced at trial are to be resolved
by the post-conviction court as the trier of fact. See Henley v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 579
(Tenn. 1997). Therefore, the post-conviction court’s findings of fact are entitled to
substantial deference on appeal unless the evidence preponderates against those findings. See
Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001).

       A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is a mixed question of law and fact. See
State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999). We will review the post-conviction court’s
findings of fact de novo with a presumption that those findings are correct. See Fields, 40
S.W.3d at 458. However, we will review the post-conviction court’s conclusions of law
purely de novo. Id.

       When a petitioner seeks post-conviction relief on the basis of ineffective assistance
of counsel, “the petitioner bears the burden of proving both that counsel’s performance was
deficient and that the deficiency prejudiced the defense.” Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363,
369 (Tenn. 1996) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984)). To establish
deficient performance, the petitioner must show that counsel’s performance was below “the
range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.” Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d
930, 936 (Tenn. 1975). To establish prejudice, the petitioner must show that “there is a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the
proceeding would have been different. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient
to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. Moreover,

                       [b]ecause a petitioner must establish both prongs of the
              test, a failure to prove either deficiency or prejudice provides a
              sufficient basis to deny relief on the ineffective assistance claim.
              Indeed, a court need not address the components in any
              particular order or even address both if the [petitioner] makes an
              insufficient showing of one component.

Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 370 (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697).

                                              -9-
         The petitioner contends that trial counsel was ineffective by failing to investigate the
petitioner’s case, specifically arguing that counsel should have contacted all of the people on
a list provided by the petitioner. The petitioner wanted the witnesses to verify that Pegg was
angry, violent, and jealous of the petitioner’s relationship with the victim. The post-
conviction court accredited trial counsel’s testimony that the petitioner did not provide her
a list of over twenty potential witnesses and that the petitioner told trial counsel that his
mother, his sister, and Marshall were the only witnesses who could potentially testify on his
behalf. Moreover, the only witnesses to testify at the post-conviction hearing were Ms.
Cathey and Brown. Generally, “[w]hen a petitioner contends that trial counsel failed to
discover, interview, or present witnesses in support of his defense, these witnesses should
be presented by the petitioner at the evidentiary hearing.” Black v. State, 794 S.W.2d 752,
757 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990). We may not speculate on any benefit these witnesses would
have offered to the petitioner’s case, nor may we guess as to what evidence further
investigation may have uncovered. Id.

         Regarding Ms. Cathey and Brown, we note that Ms. Cathey testified at the petitioner’s
trial that the petitioner had a good relationship with the victim, but she did not testify about
Pegg’s violent acts. Brown did not testify at trial; however, she stated at the post-conviction
hearing that she heard Pegg went to the petitioner’s workplace, “cutting up people a couple
of times.” At the post-conviction hearing, Ms. Cathey and Brown conceded that they knew
the petitioner had two prior convictions for assault. The post-conviction court found that trial
counsel made a well-reasoned, tactical decision to not call witnesses or delve into areas
which could potentially result in the admission of evidence of the petitioner’s prior criminal
convictions. Generally, “[a]llegations of ineffective assistance of counsel relating to matters
of trial strategy or tactics do not provide a basis for post-conviction relief.” Taylor v. State,
814 S.W.2d 374, 378 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1991). There is nothing to preponderate against the
post-conviction court’s finding that the petitioner is not entitled to relief on this basis.

        The petitioner also contends that counsel should have filed a motion to suppress his
statement on the basis that he was awake for thirty-two hours before giving the statement and
“was not in his right mind” to give the statement. Generally, in determining whether a
statement was knowingly and voluntarily made, courts look to the totality of the
circumstances. State v. Smith, 42 S.W.3d 101, 109 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2000). Notable
factors in determining the voluntariness of a confession are the appellant’s age; education or
intelligence level; previous experience with the police; the repeated and prolonged nature of
the interrogation; the length of detention prior to the confession; the lack of any advice as to
constitutional rights; the unnecessary delay in bringing the appellant before the magistrate
prior to the confession; the appellant’s intoxication or ill health at the time the confession
was given; deprivation of food, sleep, or medical attention; any physical abuse; and threats
of abuse. See State v. Huddleston, 924 S.W.2d 666, 671 (Tenn. 1996). The post-conviction

                                              -10-
court found that the petitioner’s statement was voluntarily made. The court further found that
there was no basis to suppress the statement. There is nothing in the record to preponderate
against this finding.

        Finally, the petitioner maintains that trial counsel should have hired a medical expert.
The petitioner asserts that the doctors who testified at trial had differing opinions regarding
the time the victim’s fatal injuries were inflicted. Trial counsel testified that Dr. Bugnitz
opined that the injuries occurred twelve to twenty-four hours prior to the victim being
admitted to the hospital. She said that Dr. Chancellor may have stated that the injuries
occurred six or seven days prior to her seeing the victim, but counsel explained that “by the
time Dr. Chancellor got the baby, the baby had been on life support that long.” The transcript
of the petitioner’s trial confirms trial counsel’s testimony. The petitioner failed to adduce any
proof that another medical expert would have testified any differently than those who
testified at his trial. Moreover, the post-conviction court stated that “ if the child was on life
support for six days, . . . I don’t think there is an expert in the world that could pinpoint
exactly when this happened.” Accordingly, there is nothing in the record to preponderate
against the post-conviction court’s finding that the petitioner is not entitled to relief.

                                       III. Conclusion

       In sum, we conclude that the record does not preponderate against the post-conviction
court’s ruling that counsel was not ineffective and that the petitioner’s statement was
voluntary. Therefore, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.

                                                     _________________________________
                                                     NORMA McGEE OGLE, JUDGE

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