Court Opinion

ID: 9927240
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-01-26 16:06:37.995451+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:11.200051
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA

                             COURT OF APPEAL

                               FIRST CIRCUIT

                               NO. 2023 CA 0676

                             ERICA SANDROCK

                                   VERSUS

                     KFB INVESTMENT HOLDINGS, L.L.C.

                                     Judgment Rendered:      JAN 2 5 2024

                               Appealed from the

                        City Court of East St. Tammany
                      In and for the Parish of St. Tammany
                               State of Louisiana
                            Docket No. 2022 C 4032

              The Honorable Bryan D. Haggerty, Judge Presiding

Tammy M. Nick                              Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellant,
Slidell, Louisiana                         Erica Sandrock

Hunter James Devillier                     Counsel for Defendant/Appellee,
Maurice, Louisiana                         KFB Investment Holdings, L.L.C.

Patrick S. McGoey
Andrea V. Timpa
McClain R. Schonekas
New Orleans, Louisiana

          BEFORE: McCLENDON, RESTER, AND MILLER, JJ.

          c     T Cerus
MILLER, J.

        In this summary proceeding to collect unpaid wages,            plaintiff,   Erica

Sandrock, appeals from a trial court judgment awarding her unpaid wages, attorney

fees,   and   costs,   but denying her claim for penalty wages. For the reasons that

follow, we affirm.

                       FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

        Erica Sandrock (" Sandrock")     was employed as an office manager by KFB

Investment Holdings, L.L.C. (" KFB")        at its Legacy Buick GMC dealership in

Slidell from October 2019, to April 2022. Her employment was terminated on

April 28, 2022. On November 2, 2022,             Sandrock filed a summary proceeding

against KFB, alleging that KFB violated La. R.S. 23: 631( A) because it did not pay

her for working from April 25 through April 28, 2022. Sandrock sought unpaid

wages plus interest, penalty wages, reasonable attorney' s fees, and all costs of the

proceedings.

        After a hearing on January 11,      2023,   the trial court ordered KFB to pay

Sandrock $ 1, 292. 16 plus judicial interest from the date of filing; awarded Sandrock

reasonable attorney' s fees and costs in the amount of $ 6, 232. 50;       and denied

Sandrock' s claim for statutory penalties. In denying Sandrock' s claim for statutory

penalties, the trial court found that KFB disputed the unpaid wages claim in good

faith. The judgment was signed on March 2,              2023.   Sandrock now appeals,

contending that the trial court erred in denying her claim for penalty wages.

Sandrock also requested additional attorney fees for the work necessitated by the

appeal.

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       KFB filed an answer to Sandrock' s appeal.' KFB requests for this court to

reverse, in part, the trial court' s March 2, 2023 judgment, which awarded Sandrock

past due wages, attorney' s fees, and costs.

                                    STANDARD OF REVIEW

       A court of appeal may not set aside a trial court' s finding of fact in the

absence of manifest error or unless it is clearly wrong. Coopery. Clark, 2016- 0410

La.   App.   I`   Cir. 12/ 22/ 16),     209 So. 3d 187,       189. Under the manifest error

standard, in order to reverse a trial court' s determination of a fact, an appellate

court must review the record in its entirety and ( 1)            find that a reasonable factual

basis does not exist for the finding, and ( 2)            further determine that the record

establishes that the fact finder is clearly wrong or manifestly erroneous. Benoist v.

Jackson National Life Insurance Company, 2022- 0292 ( La. App, I` Cir. 11/ 15/ 22),

356 So. 3d 448, 453, writ denied, 2022- 01820 ( La. 3114123), 357 So. 3d 820. Even

though an appellate court may feel its own evaluations and inferences are more

reasonable    than     the   fact   finder' s,   reasonable   evaluations   of credibility    and

reasonable inferences of fact should not be disturbed upon review where conflict

exists in the testimony. Where there are two permissible views of the evidence, the

fact finder' s choice between them cannot be manifestly erroneous or clearly

wrong. Cooper, 209 So. 3d at 189. Appellate review of questions of law is simply a

review of whether the trial court was legally correct or legally incorrect. Id.

1 Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 2133( A) provides:

       An appellee shall not be obliged to answer the appeal unless he desires to have the
       judgment modified, revised, or reversed in part or unless he demands damages
       against the appellant. In such cases, he must file an answer to the appeal, stating
       the relief demanded, not later than fifteen days after the return day or the lodging
       of the record whichever is later. The answer filed by the appellee shall be
       equivalent to an appeal on his part from any portion of the judgment rendered
       against him in favor of the appellant and of which he complains in his answer.
       Additionally,   however,     an appellee may by answer to the appeal,       demand
       modification, revision, or reversal of the judgment insofar as it did not allow or
       consider relief prayed for by an incidental action filed in the trial court. If an
       appellee files such an answer, all other parties to the incidental demand may file
       similar answers within fifteen days of the appellee' s action.

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                                         DISCUSSION

        In its answer to the appeal, KFB contends that the trial court erred in finding

that it owed Sandrock unpaid wages plus judicial interest because she was a

salaried      employee,      paid   twice    per       month.   Louisiana    Revised      Statutes

23: 63 1 ( A)( 1)(   a) provides that upon the discharge of any employee, it shall be the

duty of the person employing such employee to pay the amount then due under the

terms of employment,           whether the employment is by the hour, day, week, or

month, on or before the next regular payday or no later than fifteen days following

the date of discharge, whichever occurs first. Further, payment shall be made at the

place and in the manner which has been customary during the employment, except

that payment may be made via United States mail to the employee, provided

postage has been prepaid and the envelope properly addressed with the employee' s

current address as shown in the employer' s records. La. R. S. 23: 631( A)(2).

         When the court finds that an employer' s dispute over the amount of wages

due was in good faith, but the employer is subsequently found by the court to owe

the amount in dispute, the employer will only be liable for the amount of wages in

dispute plus judicial interest incurred from the date that the suit is filed. La. R.S.

23: 632( B). However, if the court determines that the employer' s failure or refusal

to pay the amount of wages owed was not in good faith, then the employer shall be

subject to the penalty provided for in La. R.S. 23: 632( A).z La. R.S. 23: 632( B).

Reasonable attorney fees shall be allowed the employee by the court, in the event a

well- founded suit for any unpaid wages is filed by the employee after three days

2 Louisiana Revised Statutes 23: 632( A) provides,

         Except as provided for in Subsection B of this Section, any employer who fails or
         refuses to comply with the provisions of R.S. 23: 631 shall be liable to the
         employee either for ninety days wages at the employee' s daily rate of pay, or else
         for full wages from the time the employee' s demand for payment is made until the
         employer shall pay or tender the amount of unpaid wages due to such employee,
         whichever is the lesser amount of penalty wages.

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shall have elapsed from time of making the first demand following discharge. See

La. R.S. 23: 632( 0).

       After reviewing the record in its entirety, we find that there is a reasonable

factual basis for the trial court' s finding, and the trial court was not manifestly

erroneous in its determination that KFB owed Sandrock unpaid wages plus judicial

interest.   Sandrock' s last day of employment was April 28,                2022. However,

according to Sandrock' s testimony, the earnings statement, and the payroll detail

register,   Sandrock was not paid for working April 25 through April 28, 2022.

Sandrock was paid on April 29, 2022, for the pay period that ended on April 23,

2022. While the owner of KFB, Adam Bowen, testified that Sandrock was paid

 7, 000. 00 per month as a salaried employee, and she was paid in full on April 29,

2022, he did not introduce any evidence other than his own testimony to support

his position. Therefore, the trial court' s finding that KFB owed Sandrock unpaid

wages in the amount of $ 1, 292. 163 for April 25 through April 28, 2022,                  plus

judicial interest was not clearly wrong or manifestly erroneous.

       Next,   KFB contends that the trial court erred in awarding Sandrock

attorney' s fees and costs in the amount of $6, 232. 50. The award of reasonable

attorney fees under La. R.S. 23: 632 is mandatory when an employee brings a

 well- founded"    suit for unpaid wages. Berard v. L-3 Communications Vertex

Aerospace, LLC, 2009- 1202 ( La. App. I"              Cir. 2112/ 10), 35 So. 3d 334, 345, writ

denied, 2010- 0715 ( La. 6/ 4/ 10), 38 So. 3d 302. If the employee brings a well-

founded suit for unpaid wages that was filed by the employee at least three days

after the employee made her first demand following discharge, then the court shall

award reasonable attorney fees, which shall be taxed as costs to be paid by the

employer. See La. R.S. 23: 632( 0). A suit is considered " well- founded" when the

3 The trial court determined that Sandrock was paid $ 40. 38 per hour or $ 323. 04 per day for
working eight hours. The trial court then multiplied $ 323. 38 times four days to calculate that
Sandrock was owed $ 1, 292. 16 in unpaid wages.

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employee brings a successful suit and recovers unpaid wages. DiVittorio v. Seale

   Ross, PLC, 2022- 0392 ( La.       App.    1'         Cir. 12/ 27122),     360 So. 3d 8411 851.

Further, pursuant to La. C. C. P.    art.   1920,         a trial judge has great discretion in

awarding costs. While the general rule is that the party cast in judgment should be

assessed with court costs, the trial court may assess costs in any equitable manner

and against any party in any proportion it deems just, even against the party

prevailing on the merits. See La. C. C. P.                  art.    1920;   Scarbrough v. Lymnar

Holdings, LLC, 2021- 1566 ( La. App. 1St Cir. 8/ 31122), 349 So. 3d 34, 40, writ

denied, 2022- 01474 ( La. 11122122), 350 So. 3d 500.

      Sandrock made several demands for past due wages following her discharge.

In May 2022, Sandrock sent text messages to Bowen requesting her past due

wages. Sandrock then sent a demand letter dated May 19, 2022, to Bowen, and

Sandrock' s attorney sent a demand letter dated June 13, 2022, to KFB through its

registered agent. Sandrock did not receive payment of the past due wages, so she

filed a summary proceeding on November 2, 2022. Sandrock brought a successful

suit and recovered unpaid wages in the trial court, and as discussed above, we

agree with the trial court' s determination that Sandrock is owed the unpaid wages.

Thus, she is entitled to reasonable attorney fees. See La. R.S. 23: 632( C).

      Factors to be taken into consideration in determining the reasonableness of

attorney fees include: ( 1)    the   ultimate           result     obtained; (   2)   the responsibility

incurred; ( 3) the importance of the litigation; ( 4) the amount of money involved;

 5) the extent and character of the work performed; ( 6) the legal knowledge,

attainment, and skill of the attorneys; ( 7)        the number of appearances involved; ( 8)

the intricacies of the facts involved; ( 9) the diligence and skill of counsel; and ( 10)

the court' s own knowledge. Spearsy. Grambling State University, 2012- 0398 ( La.

App. 1St Cir. 12/ 17/ 12), 111 So. 3d 392, 400, writ denied, 2013- 0428 ( La. 4/ 5113),

                                                  Ce"
110 So. 3d 596. These factors are derived from Rule 1. 5( a) of the Louisiana Rules

of Professional Conduct, which require that a lawyer' s fees be reasonable.' id.

        At the hearing, the trial court admitted an invoice from Nick Law Firm into

evidence. The invoice indicates that Sandrock owed $ 5, 862. 50 for attorney fees

and $   370. 00 for court costs. The trial court reviewed the invoice in connection with

this matter and awarded attorney fees and costs of $6,232. 50, which the trial court

deemed reasonable. In considering the reasonableness of the attorney fees, we note

that Sandrock prevailed in the trial court and the trial court determined that the

hours billed and the rate charged are reasonable in light of the work performed.

Thus, we agree with the trial court' s determination that $ 5, 862. 50 is a reasonable

amount for attorney fees and costs in this matter. Further, since Sandrock was the

prevailing party, we do not find that the trial court abused its discretion in ordering

KFB to pay reasonable costs of $370. 00. Therefore, the trial court did not err in

awarding Sandrock reasonable attorney fees and costs in the amount of $6, 232. 50.

        Lastly, in her appeal, Sandrock contends that the trial court erred in denying

her claim for penalty wages. Any employer who fails or refuses to comply with the

provisions of La. R.S. 23: 631 shall be liable to the employee either for ninety days

wages at the employee' s daily rate of pay or for full wages from the time the

employee' s demand for payment is made until the employer shall pay or tender the

amount of unpaid wages due to such employee, whichever is the lesser amount of

a Rule 1. 5( a) of the Louisiana Rules of Professional Conduct provides:

         a) A lawyer shall not make an agreement for, charge, or collect an unreasonable
         fee or an unreasonable amount for expenses. The factors to be considered in
         determining the reasonableness of a fee include the following:
          1) the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions
         involved, and the skill requisite to perform the legal service properly;
         2) the likelihood, if apparent to the client, that the acceptance of the particular
         employment will preclude other employment by the lawyer;
          3) the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services;
         4) the amount involved and the results obtained;
         5) the time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances;
         6) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client;
         7) the experience, reputation, and ability of the lawyer or lawyers performing the
         services; and

          8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent.

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penalty. La. R. S. 23: 632( A).   Accordingly, to recover penalties under La. R. S.

23: 632, the employee must prove that: ( 1)    wages were due and owing; ( 2) demand

for payment was made at the place where the employee was customarily paid; and

3)   the employer did not pay after demand within the time specified by La. R.S.

23: 631. See Haber v. Ocean Can on Properties, Inc., 2017- 1472 ( La. App. Pt Cir.

5/ 31/ 18), 251 So. 3d 454, 458. Because La. R.S. 23: 632 is penal in nature, it must

be strictly construed. Id.

       Equitable defenses are available, and penalty wages are not to be absolutely

imposed. Berard, 35 So. 3d at 345. A good faith non -arbitrary defense to liability

for unpaid wages, i.e., a reasonable basis for resisting liability, permits the court to

excuse the employer from the imposition of penalty wages. Scarbrough, 349 So. 3d

at 37. However, when an employer is arbitrary, sets out procedural pitfalls for the

employee, or is merely negligent in failing to pay past due wages, penalty wages

will be assessed. Berard, 35 So. 3d at 345.

       Whether there exists a valid, equitable defense to a claim of penalty wages

depends on the particular facts of each case. Berard, 35 So. 3d at 345. A trial

court' s determination of whether an employer is arbitrary or in bad faith for

purposes of imposing penalty wages is a question of fact and is, therefore, subject

to the manifest error standard of review. Scarbrough, 349 So. 3d at 38.

       After hearing the testimony of both Sandrock and Bowen, along with

viewing the exhibits introduced at the trial, the trial court determined that penalty

wages should not be imposed. Throughout the duration of this matter, in the text

message exchange between Sandrock and Bowen, in the email exchange between

Sandrock' s attorney and Bowen, and in his testimony, Bowen maintained that KFB

did not owe Sandrock any past due wages. He stated that Sandrock was a salaried

employee and that she earned $ 7, 000. 00 per month. Bowen' s position was that

since Sandrock was paid $ 7, 000. 00 on April 29, 2022, she was paid in full. This

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contention is contrary to the KFB earnings statement that states, " Pay Period:

04/ 09/ 2022 to 0412312022" and " Paycheck Date: 0412912022" and the KFB payroll

detail register that states, "   Period Ending: 0412312022"   and "   Paycheck Date:

0412912022."   However, after a review of the record, we cannot say that the trial

court' s judgment denying penalty wages was manifestly erroneous or clearly

wrong. While Bowen' s position is contrary to the KFB earnings statement and

payroll detail register, his belief that Sandrock was paid for the entire month of

April when she was paid on April 29, 2022, may be considered a reasonable basis

for resisting liability. Where there are two permissible views of the evidence, the

tact finder' s choice between them cannot be manifestly erroneous. Therefore, this

assignment of error is without merit.

       Sandrock also seeks additional attorney fees for the work necessitated by the

appeal. An increase in attorney fees is usually awarded where a party who was

awarded attorney fees by the trial court is forced to and successfully defends an

appeal. Zeigler Tree & Timber, Inc. v. Old River of New Orleans, LLC, 2022- 1247

 La. App. I" Cir. 715! 23), 371 So. 3d 82, 94. The award of additional attorney fees

is to keep the appellate judgment consistent with the underlying judgment. Lewnau

v. Board of Supervisors of Southern State University, 2019- 0943 ( La. App. 1"   Cir.

119120), 295 So. 3d 419, 427, writ denied, 2020- 00240 ( La. 5/ i/ 20), 295 So. 3d

937. Sandrock was awarded attorney fees by the trial court, but she was not forced

to defend this appeal. She is the appellant. Since we are affirming the decision of

the trial court, Sandrock did not obtain an increase in the award received. Under

these circumstances, we find that additional attorney fees for services on appeal are

not warranted.

                                    CONCLUSION

       For the above and foregoing reasons, the March 2, 2023 judgment of the city

court that awarded Erica Sandrock unpaid wages,       attorney fees, and costs and

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denied Erica Sandrock' s claim for penalty wages is affirmed. Sandrock' s request

for additional attorney fees is denied. KFB Investment Holdings, L.L.C.' s answer

to the appeal is denied. Costs of this appeal are assessed one- half to Erica Sandrock

and one- half to KFB Investment Holdings, L.L.C.

      AFFIRMED.

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