Court Opinion

ID: 5577491
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-11 01:28:47.093791+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:35:53.451179
License: Public Domain

Beck, J.
(After stating the foregoing facts.)
1. The court below properly refused to allow the defendant to introduce in evidence, as a part of the testimony of the witness G. S. Jennings, a statement showing the date on which the boilers were in use, the number of boilers in use, and the amount of coal consumed, although this statement was'identified by the witness as having been made by him and taken from the records of the defendant company, which records the witness testified had been destroyed, and although it was shown by him and by others that a daily record had been kept of the amount .of coal that had been consumed, and the statement offered in evidence was taken from such record; for it appears that no witness testified as to who made these records or as to their correctness.
2. It is not insisted that time was of the essence of the contract sued on in this case; and letters merely complaining of delays in shipping certain material and in the commencement of the work of installing certain machinery were immaterial and were properly repelled as evidence.
8. The exclusion of various other letters than those referred to in the foregoing is complained of; but we are of the opinion that the court below properly held them to be inadmissible. It was unnecessary for the defendant, in order to establish the defense set up in this ease, to show that it had given notice of defects in the machinery installed by the plaintiff, in respect to those qualities covered by the express warranties set forth in the contract under the head of “Guarantees.” It the machinery was actually defective *202in those respects and failed to measure up to those guarantees, that was a matter which could be shown by competent evidence, and not by letters written by the party complaining of such defects to the party furnishing and ereeting the machinery.
4. While the contract expressly provides for certain tests of the machinery a.s necessary to determine the guarantees stipulated in the contract, and in the petition it is allegéd that the plaintiff “did install and operate the two Jones Underfeed Stokers described [this being the machinery in controversy], in connection with the boilers used in the fertilizer plant of the defendant, in strict accordance with agreement Exhibit ‘A’ [the contract sued on] as modified as aforesaid, and in strict accordance with the specification items furnished by the petitioner,” we are of the opinion that it was competent for the plaintiff to show that the tests of the machinery contemplated in the written contract had been waived or that another test had been agreed upon and substituted for the particular test contemplated by both parties when the contract was executed; and there was evidence in this case authorizing the jury to find that the tests originally intended by both parties to be made had been waived, and that another test, considered sufficient by the plaintiff and by the authorized figent of the defendant, had been substituted therefor. The test stipulated in the contract was but a means of ascertaining and determining whether or not the machinery furnished by the plaintiff measured up to and fulfilled the requirements of the express warranties. The jury could find, under the evidence in the ease, that that particular test was not the only one from which it could be determined whether the guarantees in the contract were fulfilled. It was competent for the defendant, before -or during the installation of the machine^, to waive that particular test and rely upon other means of determining whether the machinery was such as it was warranted to be in those respects covered by the guarantees; and if the evidence showed that the tests had been waived, or another test substituted therefor, and that the guarantees in respect to those matters covered thereby had been' fulfilled, the plaintiff’s allegation of compliance with the contract would be sustained. Under the pleadings and the evidence in the casé, the charges of the court in reference to the tests and the waiver of tests were authorized and were proper.
*2035. The court charged the jury- as follows: “These guarantees-might be waived by the conduct of the defendant’s officers. If they paid a part of the second payment before the fulfillment of the guarantee, you would determine whether by so doing they did waive such fulfillment.” It is contended that this was error upon the following grounds: (a) Because there was no pleading or evidence of any waiver. ' (6) Because a payment for one of the stokers, which was the payment made in this case, would not constitute a waiver of test on the other stoker, defendant having the right to pay for one stoker if it saw proper and retain the amount contracted to be paid for the other stoker until plaintiff had complied with its contract with reference to testing such second stoker.
While in this charge the court used the expression, “these guarantees might be waived,” we are of the opinion that the court had reference merely to the tests provided for in the contract. This is made manifest when we consider that portion of the charge immediately preceding the portion excepted to.- The extract from the charge excepted to, together with what. immediately precedes it, reads as follows: “In making these stoker tests the boilers must be operated at or beyond the rated capacity, and the test must be made on both boilers. These requirements, however, can be waived by the defendant. If the ¡Dlaintiff’s agent and Mr. Yan Winkle, the president of the defendant company, or any other agent of the defendant company who had authority so to do, agreed that the test on one boiler should determine the guarantees with reference to both boilers, that would waive the right to have both boilers tested; and if they agreed that the boilers, in making the test, should be operated below the rated capacity, that would waive the requirements that they should be operated at or beyond the rated capacity, as to both parties. These guarantees might be waived by the conduct of the defendant’s officers. If they paid a part of the second payment before the fulfillment of the guarantee, you would determine whether by so doing they did waive such fulfillment.” And immediately after the instructions contained in the excerpt complained of, the jury were told by the court that they could only find for the plaintiff'in case it had complied with the guarantees in the contract, and they were charged in express terms that they could not find for the plaintiff unless the guarantees had been complied with. And it will be observed that movant so *204construed, the charge iu stating the grounds upon which counsel contended that the instructions complained of were erroneous. In fact that portion of the exception to the charge, wherein counsel attempts to specially point out the error in the portion of the charge complained of, would not be applicable to the charge thus criticised, unless we treat the expression, “these guarantees,” as referring to the “tests,” as appears from a reading of the criticism upon the charge. Treating the expression, “these guarantees” as referring to the tests, we do not think the charge was error. There was evidence from which the jury might have found that when the payment to which the court referred in this part of the charge was made, ■ it was impossible to carry out the plan for making the tests as contemplated in the contract; and inasmuch as the defendant had made a payment without directing "the application oí that payment to either particular stoker of the two installed by the plaintiff, and at a time when the tests could not be made of; both of the stokers furnished, the jury would have had the right to say, from the fact of the payment, whether or not there had been a waiver of the right on defendant’s part to a carrying out of the .tests as provided in the contract.
6. The charge of the court in this case fully and fairly submitted to the jury the'issues proper for their consideration. The requests to charge, so far as they were legal and pertinent, were sufficiently covered by the general charge, and there was sufficient evidence to support the verdict.

Judgment affirmed.

All the Justices concur.