Court Opinion

ID: 4165411
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-05-02 20:06:19.528079+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:38:08.163720
License: Public Domain

In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                     Filed: March 8, 2017
                                     [Not to be Published]

* * * * * * *               *   *      *   *   *   *
ALEXANDRA TOES,                                    *
                                                   *          16-007v
                         Petitioner,               *
       v.                                          *          Chief Special Master Dorsey
                                                   *
                                                   *          Final Attorneys’ Fees and Costs;
SECRETARY OF HEALTH                                *          Reasonable Basis; Gardasil;
AND HUMAN SERVICES,                                *          Lichen Sclerosus; Lichen Simplex
                                                   *          Chronicus; Adjusted Hourly Rate;
                                                   *          Reduction for Duplicative Entries
                         Respondent.               *
*   * *     *   *   *    * * * *           *   *   *

Andrew D. Downing, Van Cott & Talamante, PLLC, Phoenix, AZ for petitioner.
Voris Edward Johnson, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC for respondent.

                        DECISION ON ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1

       On January 4, 2016, Alexandra Toes (“petitioner”) filed a petition on pursuant to the
National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.2 She filed an Amended Petition on April 28,
2016. Petitioner alleged that she suffered a severe adverse reaction as a result of receiving her
third Gardasil vaccination on December 17, 2012. Petition (“Pet.”) (ECF No. 1); Amended Pet.
(ECF No. 14). On petitioner’s motion, a Decision dismissing the petition for insufficient proof
was issued December 9, 2016.

1
  Because this decision contains a reasoned explanation for the undersigned’s action in this case,
the undersigned intends to post this ruling on the website of the United States Court of Federal
Claims, in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-347, § 205, 116
Stat. 2899, 2913 (codified as amended at 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012)). As provided by
Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party has 14 days within which to request redaction “of any
information furnished by that party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial in
substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similar files, the
disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine Rule
18(b).
2
  The Program comprises Part 2 of the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, 42 U.S.C.
§§ 300aa-10 et seq. (hereinafter “Vaccine Act” or “the Act”). Hereafter, individual section
references will be to 42 U.S.C. § 300aa of the Act.

                                                       1
       On January 12, 2017, petitioner filed an application for an attorneys’ fees and costs,
requesting $12,025.00 in attorneys’ fees and $4,160.11 in attorneys’ costs. On January 23, 2017,
respondent filed a response, asserting that the claim lacked a reasonable basis and objecting to
any award of fees or costs in this case. Respondent’s (“Resp.”) Response at 1. On January 26,
2017, petitioner filed a reply in support of her motion. On January 31, 2017, she filed a
supplemental application for attorneys’ fees and costs, requesting an additional $4,108.50 in
attorneys’ fees and an additional $186.13 in attorneys’ costs. Therefore, petitioner’s final
application is for $16,133.50 in attorneys’ fees and $4,346.24 in attorneys’ costs, for a total of
$20,479.74 in attorneys’ fees and costs.

       For the reasons discussed below, the undersigned finds that petitioner has demonstrated a
reasonable basis for filing her claim and therefore may receive an award of reasonable attorneys’
fees and costs of $20,218.54.

   I.      Procedural History

        On January 4, 2016, petitioner filed her petition, alleging that her third Gardasil
vaccination received on December 17, 2012, caused “a severe adverse reaction” beginning in
January 2013, which was subsequently diagnosed as “autoimmune Lichen Sclerosus.” Petition
(“Pet.”) at ¶¶ 1, 2. Petitioner notes that she “recently contacted Counsel as to a potential claim”
and was filing the petition “to ensure that the statute of limitations period does not lapse.” Pet. at
1, n. 1. No medical records or other documentation were filed with the petition. Petitioner
pledged to “supplement this Petition accordingly, and file a Witness Statement of Alexandra
Toes, once more medical records become available.” Id.

         The initial status conference was held on March 15, 2016. Mr. Andrew Downing
appeared on behalf of petitioner and Ms. Julia McInerny appeared on behalf of respondent.
During the status conference, petitioner stated that she first contacted counsel in December 2015
and that she filed her case quickly in an effort to avoid the statute of limitations. Petitioner was
in the process of obtaining all records of medical care and treatment she received since 2010, the
year in which she received the first Gardasil vaccine, primarily medical records from her
university. Petitioner would then assess the claim and determine how she wanted to proceed.
The undersigned ordered petitioner to file a status report indicating how she would like to
proceed by April 14, 2016. If petitioner wished to remain in the Program, she was also ordered
to file all medical records since 2010, a Statement of Completion, and an amended petition.
Scheduling Order entered on March 16, 2016 (ECF No. 8).

        Petitioner filed medical records on April 7, 2016 and April 8, 2016. Notices of Filing
Medical Records (ECF Nos. 9-10). She filed a Statement of Completion on April 12, 2016.
Statement of Completion (ECF No. 11). On April 28, 2016, petitioner filed her signed statement
and her amended petition. Amended Pet. (ECF No. 14); Pet. Statement (ECF No. 15).
Petitioner’s statement alleges that she began experiencing itching and pain in her genital area on
or about January 16, 2013, while the Amended Petition alleges that onset was in mid-January
2013. Petitioner’s statement and the Amended Petition both state that petitioner has been
diagnosed with lichen sclerosus. The amended petition provides that lichen sclerosus is

                                                  2
“believed to be an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks
and injures the skin.” Amended Pet. at 2. The petition cited one article for the proposition that
lichen sclerosus was an autoimmune disorder and two articles for the proposition that similar
inflammatory dermatoses have been causally linked to vaccination.

       On June 13, 2016, respondent filed a status report, in which he declined to pursue
settlement negotiations at that time. Status Report (ECF No. 16). Respondent proposed to file
the Rule 4(c) report by July 29, 2016. Id. The undersigned granted this request. Scheduling
Order (ECF No. 17).

        On July 28, 2016, respondent filed a report recommending against compensation, in
accordance with Rule 4(c). Respondent’s (“Resp’s”) Report (ECF No. 18). Respondent
“reserve[d] the right to challenge the reasonable basis of petitioner’s claim under the Vaccine
Act, as presently there does not appear to be any evidence of a vaccine-related injury.” Id. at 2,
n. 2. The Rule 4(c) report noted that on November 27, 2013, petitioner received a diagnosis of
lichen simplex chronicus. Id. at 4-5 (citing Pet. Ex. 12 at 6-8). But subsequent medical records,
as well as the petition and the affidavit, diagnose petitioner with lichen sclerosus. Id. at 5-7
(citing various exhibits).

        The Rule 4(c) report recommended against compensation for petitioner’s alleged lichen
sclerosus, for two reasons. Resp.’s Report. First, according to the medical records, petitioner
began experiencing vaginal itching in or before November 2012. Petitioner filed her claim in
January 2016. If vaginal itching constitutes a symptom of lichen sclerosus, petitioner did not file
her claim within the statute of limitations. Id. at 9.3 Second, respondent stated that petitioner
was not entitled to compensation because she had not produced medical records or an expert
report establishing “a causal connection between the HPV vaccine and her lichen sclerosus.” Id.
at 10-12.

        The undersigned then held a status conference on August 30, 2016. Scheduling Order
(ECF No. 20). During the status conference, the undersigned and the parties discussed the best
way to proceed. Id. They agreed that petitioner should file an expert report explaining the
diagnosis of lichen sclerosus; its cause; its initial manifestation; and onset in petitioner’s case.
Id. Petitioner’s expert was also directed to explain why the HPV vaccine, rather than petitioner’s
other infections, was the initial triggering event that led to itching, and then to her ultimate
diagnosis of lichen sclerosus. Id.

        The undersigned ordered petitioner to file her expert report by November 28, 2016. Id.
An expert report was not received by this date. On December 1, 2016, the undersigned ordered
petitioner to file the expert report no later than January 3, 2016. Scheduling Order (ECF No. 22).

3
  Respondent also states that this would place onset before petitioner received the vaccine at
issue, in December 2012. Id. at 9.

                                                 3
        On December 7, 2016, petitioner filed a motion for a decision dismissing her case.
Petitioner’s (“Pet’r’s”) Motion (“Mot.”) (ECF No. 23). Pursuant to the Order entered on August
31, 2016, petitioner had retained an expert, who reviewed petitioner’s medical records. The
expert stated that the working diagnosis of lichen sclerosus was incorrect. Id. at 1-2. Rather, the
original biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of lichen simplex chronicus. Id. at 2. Furthermore,
“lichen simplex chronicus would not be autoimmune in nature or triggered by vaccination at a
site remote from the injection site.” Id. Therefore, petitioner stated that she is unlikely to
demonstrate entitlement to compensation and requested that the case be dismissed. Id. The
undersigned issued a decision dismissing the petition for insufficient proof on December 9, 2016.
Decision Dismissing Petition (ECF No. 24).

       On January 12, 2017, petitioner filed an application for attorneys’ fees and costs. Pet’r’s
Application (“App.”) (ECF No. 29). Petitioner requested $12,025.00 in attorneys’ fees and
$4,160.11 in attorneys’ costs. Id. at 6.4 Petitioner’s counsel represented that he paid the expenses
associated with prosecuting this claim out of his own pocket, for eventual reimbursement. Id.

        On January 23, 2017, respondent filed a response opposing petitioner’s application for
attorneys’ fees and costs, on the grounds that reasonable basis did not exist when the claim was
filed and was never established during the pendency of the claim. Resp’s Response (ECF No.
30). On January 26, 2017, petitioner filed a reply in support of her application for attorneys’ fees
and costs. Pet’r’s Reply (ECF No. 31).

        On January 31, 2017, petitioner filed a supplemental application for attorneys’ fees and
costs, requesting an additional $4,108.50 in attorneys’ fees and an additional $186.13 in
attorneys’ costs. Pet’r’s Supplemental (“Supp.”) App., Exhibit A at 2.

        Therefore, petitioner’s final application is for $16,133.50 in attorneys’ fees and $4,346.24
in attorneys’ costs, for a total of $20,479.74 in attorneys’ fees and costs. Petitioner’s application
for attorneys’ fees and costs is now ripe for a decision.

4
  In his application, petitioner requested $13,891.50 in attorneys’ fees and $4,160.11 in
attorneys’ costs, for a total of $18,000.00 in attorneys’ fees and costs. Pet’rs’ App. at 6.
However, this does not appear to be accurate. Review of the billing record indicates the
following amounts:

Andrew Downing                         $ 6,405.00
Robert W. Cain                         $ 3,090.00
Danielle P.Avery                       $ 2,530.00
Total Attorneys’ Fees                  $12,025.00

Attorneys’ Costs                       $ 4,106.11
Total Attorneys’ Fees & Costs          $16,185.11

Pet’rs’ App., Exhibit A at 4, 8, 18, 20.

                                                  4
   II.     Good Faith and Reasonable Basis

           a. Legal Standard

        Section 15(e) of the Vaccine Act governs attorneys’ fees. 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-15(e).
When awarding compensation on a petition, the special master “shall also award” reasonable
attorney’s fees and costs. Id. at §15(e)(1)(A)-(B). Even when compensation is not awarded, the
special master “may award” reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs “if the special master or court
determines that the petition was brought in good faith and there was a reasonable basis for the
claim for which the petition was brought.” Id. at § 15(e)(1).

        “Good faith” is a subjective standard and petitioners are entitled to a presumption of good
faith. Hamrick v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-683V, 2007 WL 4793152, at *3
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 19, 2007); Grice v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 36 Fed. Cl. 114,
121 (1996). Respondent does not challenge the presumption of good faith in this case, and the
undersigned finds that this case was brought in good faith. Therefore, the question at issue is
whether petitioner had a reasonable basis to file and pursue her claim.

        The Vaccine Act does not define “reasonable basis,” and neither the Federal Circuit nor
the Court of Federal Claims has defined “reasonable basis” for purposes of fee awards under the
Vaccine Act. Chuisano v. United States, 116 Fed. Cl. 276, 285 (Fed. Cl. 2014). The Court of
Federal Claims has held that the statutory language of 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-15(e)(1)(B) grants the
special master “maximum discretion in applying the standard.” Silva v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 108 Fed. Cl. 401, 402 (Fed. Cl. 2012).

        Many special masters, as well as judges at the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, have
determined that the reasonable basis requirement is an “objective consideration determined by
the totality of the circumstances.” McKellar v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 101 Fed. Cl.
297, 303 (Fed. Cl. 2011); Chuisano, 116 Fed. Cl. at 286. In determining reasonable basis, the
court looks “not at the likelihood of success, but more to the feasibility of the claim.” Di Roma
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 90-3277V, 1993 WL 496981, at *1 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Nov. 18, 1993). Factors to be considered include factual basis, medical support, and the
circumstances under which a petition is filed. Turner, 2007 WL 4410030, at *6-9. A reasonable
basis can exist even if medical records are not filed simultaneously with the petition. McKellar,
101 Fed. Cl. at 303. An attorney’s pre-filing investigation into the feasibility of the claim is also
a relevant factor in analyzing whether a petition had a reasonable basis. Cortez v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 09-176V, 2014 WL 1604002, at *6 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 26,
2014).

        The burden is on petitioner to affirmatively demonstrate a reasonable basis, though
“petitioner need not establish entitlement to compensation, or even that a claim is likely to
succeed.” McKellar v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 09-841V, 2012 WL 362030, at *6-
7 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan 13, 2012), reversed on other grounds, 2012 WL 1884703 (Fed. Cl.
2012). Petitioner must furnish “some evidence” supporting the claims in the petition, but the
evidentiary showing required is less than a preponderance of the evidence. Chuisano v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 07-452V, 2013 WL 6234660, at *1, 13 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct.
25, 2013).

                                                  5
        As the undersigned recently explained, “it is well established that claims filed on the eve
of the expiration of the Vaccine Act's statute of limitations are subject to a more lenient standard
when determining if reasonable basis exists.” Solomon v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No.
14-0784V, 2016 WL 8257673, *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 27, 2016); see also Hamrick v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-683V, 2008 WL 4793152, at *5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Jan. 9, 2008) (noting this “long recognized” proposition). “However, this greater latitude should
not be interpreted to allow for a finding of reasonable basis for every claim filed in this manner.”
Solomon, 2016 WL 82575673 at *3. The undersigned does not agree with respondent’s
contention that considering the statute of limitations creates a “presumption of reasonable basis
in the absence of any supporting evidence.” Resp’s Response at 11. Petitioner must establish “a
reasonable basis in fact, science, and law for [their] causal allegations.” Id. at 10.

        Furthermore, even if reasonable basis exists at the time the petition is filed, it “may later
come into question if new evidence becomes available or the lack of supporting evidence
becomes apparent.” Chuisano, 116 Fed. Cl. at 288; see also Perreira, No. 93-5055V, 33 F.3d
1375, 1377 (Fed. Cir. 1994) (affirming the special master's finding that reasonable basis existed
until the evidentiary hearing); Hamrick, 2208 WL 4793152, at *4 (observing that “[p]etitioner's
counsel must review periodically the evidence supporting petitioner's claim”).

           b. Petitioner had a Reasonable Basis for her Claim

        Based on the totality of the circumstances, and considering the factual basis, the medical
records, the circumstances under which the petition was filed, and the conduct of petitioner’s
attorney, the undersigned finds that there was a reasonable basis for petitioner’s claim up until it
was dismissed on December 9, 2016. Specifically, petitioner’s claim centered on a working
diagnosis of lichen sclerosus. Petitioner’s claim for this disorder, which may be immune-
mediated, was feasible until petitioner retained an expert who reviewed the medical records and
refuted that diagnosis.

         Petitioner claims that she received the third Gardasil vaccine on December 17, 2012; that
she began experiencing itching and pain in her genital area in mid-January 2013; and that she
subsequently received a diagnosis of “autoimmune lichen sclerosus.” Pet. at 1. Petitioner
retained counsel on December 28, 2015. Pet’r’s App. at 4. Recognizing a possible statute of
limitations issue, petitioner initially filed a brief petition without any medical records, on January
4, 2016. The petition specifically noted that petitioner had recently contacted counsel as to a
potential claim; the petition was being filed at that time to comply with the statute of limitations;
and that the petition would be supplemented accordingly. Id. As discussed above, an impending
statute of limitations may affect the determination of reasonable basis, in certain circumstances.
In this case, petitioner believed that the onset of new or aggravated symptoms occurred in mid-
January 2013 and that the limitations period would close in mid-January 2016. Therefore, some
leniency may be appropriate while evaluating whether reasonable basis existed.

        After filing her claim, petitioner maintained that onset was in mid-January 2013.
Amended Pet. at 1; Pet’r’s Statement at 1. Respondent disputed this alleged onset. Respondent
asserted that the medical records show that petitioner experienced vaginal itching before the
vaccine; she received the vaccine in December 2012; and afterwards, she did not experience

                                                  6
further symptoms until at least March 2012. Resp’s Report at 9. However, this does not
necessarily show that petitioner lacked a reasonable basis for her claim.

        Petitioner also filed many medical records listing a diagnosis of lichen sclerosus, based
on a possibly erroneous interpretation of the initial diagnosis or a confusing clinical course.
Specifically, on November 27, 2013, petitioner saw Mark Spitzer, M.D., a gynecologic
specialist, for chronic vaginal itching. Pet’r’s Ex. 12 at 6-8. Dr. Spitzer recorded her symptoms
and performed a colposcopy. Id. at 6-7. Dr. Spitzer concluded that petitioner had “lichen
simplex chronicus” and prescribed two oral medications and a clobetasol propionate topical
ointment. Id. at 8. At a follow-up visit on December 30, 2013, Dr. Spitzer wrote that
petitioner’s “lichen simplex chronicus . . . had resolved completely.” Id. at 4.

        However, three treating physicians subsequently recorded petitioner’s condition as
“lichen sclerosus.” On May 7, 2014, Jennifer Hillman, M.D. at Student Health Services in St.
Louis wrote that petitioner was diagnosed with “lichen sclerosis [sic]” in January 2014 and that
petitioner “uses clobetasol for that.” Pet’r’s Ex. 2 at 49.5

        Petitioner was then referred to Andrew Goldstein, M.D. at the Center for Vulvovaginal
Disorders in Washington, D.C. During the initial consult on March 3, 2015, Dr. Goldstein wrote
that petitioner “was seen by Dr. Spitzer one year ago and was diagnosed with lichen sclerosus
after a vulvar biopsy.” Pet’r’s Ex. 8 at 1. Dr. Goldstein’s initial assessment was “lichen
sclerosus – active disease.” Id. at 2. At a follow-up on May 14, 2015, Dr. Goldstein stated that
petitioner had “lichen sclerosus – no active disease.” Id. at 4.

       Petitioner’s primary gynecologist received Dr. Spitzer’s initial assessment of lichen
simplex chronicus in December 2015. Pet’r’s Ex. 7 at 11-12. However, on May 27, 2015, the
primary gynecologist wrote that petitioner had “hx lichen sclerosis [sic] – sees Andrew
Goldstein.” Pet’r’s Ex. 7 at 2.

        As detailed above, several treating physicians recorded petitioner’s condition as lichen
sclerosus. It was reasonable for petitioner to accept this diagnosis at the outset of her claim.6 It
also seems that petitioner was preparing to argue that lichen sclerosus is caused by an adverse
immune response, which may be triggered by the HPV vaccine. The original petition alleged
that the vaccine caused “autoimmune lichen sclerosus.” Pet. at 1 (emphasis added). The
amended petition went into more detail: it asserted that lichen sclerosus may be due to an
“immune system dysfunction” and that “similar inflammatory dermatoses like lichen planus have
5
 Clobetasol ointment is recommended for the use of both lichen simplex chronicus and lichen
sclerosus. See, e.g., Hope K. Haefner, M.D., University of Michigan Center for Vulvar
Diseases, Presentation: Learn to Like the Lichens: Lichen Sclerosus, Lichen Simplex Chronicus,
and Lichen Planus (2013), available at
http://obgyn.med.umich.edu/sites/obgyn.med.umich.edu/files/Learn%20to%20like%20the%20lic
hens%20written%20text_0.pdf (last accessed March 8, 2017).
6
 The undersigned notes that respondent did not challenge the diagnosis of lichen sclerosus. See
Resp.’s Report at 9-12 (arguing that compensation should be denied for various other reasons).

                                                 7
been causally linked to vaccination.” Amended Pet. at 3. The amended petition also cited to a
few journal articles. Respondent argued that petitioner’s “mere reference to unfiled journal
articles [was] insufficient to establish causation.” Resp’s Response at 11-12. However, at the
status conference on August 30, 2016, “the parties discussed the best way to proceed and agreed
to move forward with petitioner filing an expert report” addressing lichen sclerosus, its cause,
and its manifestation in petitioner’s case. Scheduling Order (ECF No. 20). Petitioner complied
by retaining an expert, who reviewed the medical records, including the “original biopsy
performed on petitioner.”7 Pet’r’s Mot. at 2. The expert opined that petitioner did not have
lichen sclerosus, instead, she had lichen simplex chronicus. Id. at 1-2. Furthermore, “lichen
simplex chronicus would not be autoimmune in nature or triggered by vaccination at a site
remote from the injection site.” Id. at 2. Petitioner accepted this expert’s opinion and
subsequently requested a decision dismissing her claim. Id.

        The undersigned finds that there was a reasonable basis for petitioner’s claim, based on
the totality of the circumstances, including the impending statute of limitations and three treating
physicians’ working diagnosis of lichen sclerosus. After filing the claim, petitioner properly
supplemented the record and her claim about lichen sclerosus. She complied with the
undersigned’s order to retain an expert. Once the expert refuted this diagnosis, petitioner
promptly recognized that she would not be able to prevail and moved for a decision dismissing
the petition. Accordingly, petitioner is entitled to an award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and
costs.

    III.   Reasonable Attorneys’ Fees and Costs

           a. Attorneys’ Fees

         The Federal Circuit has approved use of the lodestar approach to determine reasonable
attorneys’ fees and costs under the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 515
F.3d 1343, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2008). Using the lodestar approach, a court first determines “an
initial estimate of a reasonable attorneys’ fee by ‘multiplying the number of hours reasonably
expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly rate.’” Id. at 1347-58 (quoting Blum v.
Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). Then, the court may make an upward or downward
departure from the initial calculation of the award based on other specific findings. Id. at 1348.

        Counsel must submit fee requests that include contemporaneous and specific billing
records indicating the service performed, the number of hours expended on the service, and the
name of the person performing the service. See Savin v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 85
Fed. Cl. 313, 316-18 (Fed. Cl. 2008). Counsel should not include in their fee requests hours that
are “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434
(1983)). It is “well within the special master’s discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in
[her] experience and judgment, [is] reasonable for the work done.” Id. at 1522. Furthermore, the
special master may reduce a fee request sua sponte, apart from objections raised by respondent

7
 Based on the undersigned’s review of the records, this “original biopsy’ would appear to be the
colposcopy performed by Dr. Spitzer on November 27, 2011.

                                                 8
and without providing petitioners notice and opportunity to respond. See Sabella v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 209 (Fed. Cl. 2009). A special master need not engage
in a line-by-line analysis of petitioner’s fee application when reducing fees. Broekelschen v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 102 Fed. Cl. 719, 729 (Fed. Cl. 2011). Just as “[t]rial court
courts routinely use their prior experience to reduce hourly rates and the number of hours
claimed in attorney fee requests . . . [v]accine program special masters are also entitled to use
their prior experience in reviewing fee applications.” Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1521 (citing Farrar v.
Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 1992 WL 336502 at * 2-3 (Cl. Ct. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 2, 1992)).

                 i.   Hourly Rates

       Petitioner requests the following hourly rates:

                                           2016               2017
        Attorneys
        Andrew D. Downing                $350.00            $375.00
        Courtney Van Cott                  N/A              $195.00
        Paralegals
        Danielle P. Avery                $100.00              N/A
        Robert W. Cain                   $100.00              N/A

       Pet’r’s App. - Exhibit A, p. 21; Pet’r’s Supp. App. - Exhibit A, p. 3.

        An hourly rate of $350.00 will be awarded for Mr. Downing’s work in 2016. The
undersigned and other special masters have found that this was an appropriate rate for his work,
in several recent cases. See, e.g., Weggen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-1338V,
2016 WL 6576568 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 13, 2016); Fuller v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 15-1470V, 2016 WL 3999798 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 5, 2016); Uscher v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 15-798V, 2016 WL 3670518 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 15, 2016);
Al-Uffi v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 13-956V, 2015 WL 6181669 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Sept. 30, 2015). It is also reasonable in the present case.

         However, the undersigned will not approve the requested hourly rate of $375.00 for Mr.
Downing’s work in 2017. This would constitute a 7.14% increase from the rate awarded in
2016. Petitioner does not provide any rationale for this requested increase. Furthermore, it
would exceed the 3.7% growth rate for attorneys’ fees which is customary in the Program. See
McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323 at *16 (Fed.
Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015). The undersigned will apply the McCulloch growth rate, which
results in an hourly rate of $363.00 for Mr. Downing’s 10.1 hours of work in 2017. Thus, the fee
award is reduced by $121.20.

       The undersigned finds that the requested rate of $195.00 per hour for work performed by
Ms. Courtney Van Cott in 2017 is reasonable, based on her experience and qualifications. In
McCulloch, Special Master Gowen wrote that an attorney with under four years’ experience may
be appropriately awarded $150.00 to $225.00 per hour. See McCulloch, 2015 WL 5634323 at
*19. Research did not identify any prior decisions determining the appropriate rate for Ms. Van

                                                  9
Cott, and petitioner did not provide any support for this rate. However, the firm’s website
provides that Ms. Van Cott graduated from the University of Southern California in 2010, magna
cum laude, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Biological Sciences. Id. She worked for one year
researching breast cancer at the Translational Genomics Research Institute in Phoenix, Arizona.
Id. She graduated from the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University in
2014. She was in private practice before joining Van Cott & Talamante PLLC.8 Ms. Van Cott
was admitted to the State Bar of Arizona on October 20, 2014.9 Accordingly, the undersigned
awards $195.00 per hour for Ms. Van Cott’s work in 2017.

        Petitioner requests $100.00 per hour for work performed by the firm’s paralegals
Danielle P. Avery and Robert W. Cain in 2016. This rate has been awarded in previous cases.
See, e.g., Weggen, 2016 WL 6576568 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 13, 2016); Fuller, 2016 WL
3999798 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 5, 2016); Uscher, 2016 WL 3670518 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
June 15, 2016). It is appropriate in the present case.

                 ii.   Hours Expended

        On review of the billing record, the undersigned finds the hours expended reasonable.
Mr. Downing was contacted by an individual who strongly believed that a vaccine caused her
injuries, beginning approximately two years and eleven months prior. Mr. Downing recognized
the possibility that the statute of limitations would run; he filed a petition to preserve her rights;
and then he worked diligently to develop her claim. After obtaining an expert’s opinion against
causation, Mr. Downing and his client conferred and agreed to drop the case. The time spent
under the circumstances was generally reasonable. The undersigned also finds that the hours
expended in litigating the fee issue, billed in petitioner’s supplemental application for attorneys’
fees and costs, were reasonable.

        However, it appears that the fee application contains several duplicative entries, which
will not be compensated. On January 5, 2016, Ms. Avery made two identical billing entries, for
0.3 hours to “[r]eceive and review Court’s ECF notification; process filed copy of Petition;
receive, review, and process Court’s Notice of ECF Designation, and Notice of Assignment to
Special Master Nora Beth Dorsey.” Pet’r’s App, Exhibit A, at 10. On January 6, 2016, she
twice billed 0.2 hours to “[r]eceive, review, and process Notice of Appearance filed by Voris
Johnson, Jr., on behalf of Respondent.” Id. On January 25, 2016, she billed 0.3 hours, and then
0.2 hours, to “[r]eceive, review, and process letter from Dr. Maryann B. Schaefer regarding
Alexandra Toes.” Id. at 13. On April 7, 2016, she twice billed 0.7 hours to “[o]rganize and
prepare medical records for filing with the Court; bates stamp; draft Notice of Filing; email draft
to ADD for his review and approval.” Id. at 15. In total, Ms. Avery billed 1.4 hours at $100.00

8
 See Van Cott & Talamante, PLLC – Attorneys,
http://nationalvaccineinjurylawyer.com/attorneys.asp (last accessed March 8, 2017).
9
 See State Bar of Arizona – Find a Lawyer – Ms. Courtney Christine Van Cott,
http://www.azbar.org/FindALawyer.aspx?firstname=c&lastname=van&firmcompany=&keywor
d=#&&ECqfg/ebjPn3aS8Q7OovY/MtJojFTIU+D5UmJeVkucghA/2g+DFsg/cuoNVX8giOO1Q
xFOBKGjOrWuOi7f6S7lBP0zKWXmn6MnxilRbNKdTcPn5aJFVFbiN5cg9XSH/A (last
accessed March 8, 2017).

                                                  10
per hour, totaling $140.00, for entries that appear duplicative. Accordingly, these are deducted
from the fee award.

              b. Costs

        Like attorneys’ fees, a request for reimbursement of costs must be reasonable. Perreira,
27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (Fed. Cl. 1992). Petitioner requests $4,346.24 in attorneys’ costs. Pet’r’s
App. at 6; Pet’rs App., Ex. A at 20; Pet’r’s Supp. App., Exhibit A at 2. The costs are associated
with filing the claim; obtaining medical records; postage; photocopying and faxing; and
obtaining an expert report. The undersigned finds them to be reasonable and awards them in full.

     IV.      Conclusion

       Based on all of the above, the undersigned finds that petitioner is entitled to the following
award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs:

           Attorneys’ Fees Requested                                         $16,133.50
           (Reduction to Mr. Downing’s Hourly Rate in 2017)                    -$121.20
           (Reduction for Duplicative Entries)                                 -$140.00
           Attorneys’ Fees Awarded                                           $15,872.30

           Attorneys’ Costs Awarded                                           $4,346.24

           Total Attorneys’ Fees and Costs Awarded                           $20,218.54

       Accordingly, the undersigned awards a lump sum in the amount of $20,218.54,
representing reimbursement for attorneys’ fees and costs, in the form of a check jointly
payable to petitioner Ms. Alexandra Toes and to petitioner’s attorney, Andrew D. Downing
of Van Cott & Talamante, PLLC. 10

       In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the clerk of
the court SHALL ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance herewith.11

           IT IS SO ORDERED.
                                                              s/ Nora Beth Dorsey
                                                              Nora Beth Dorsey
                                                              Chief Special Master

10
   This amount is intended to cover all legal expenses incurred in this matter. This award
encompasses all charges by the attorney against a client, “advanced costs,” and fees for legal
services rendered. Furthermore, § 15(e)(3) prevents an attorney from charging or collecting fees
(including costs) that would be in addition to the amount awarded herein. See generally Beck v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 924 F.2d 1029 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
11
  Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment is expedited by the parties’ joint filing of
notice renouncing the right to seek review.

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