Court Opinion

ID: 4103060
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-11-29 20:14:04.513595+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:51:18.878183
License: Public Domain

J-S58026-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA

                    v.

MARCIAL ANTON COOPER, II

                         Appellant                   No. 244 MDA 2016

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence February 4, 2016
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County
            Criminal Division at No(s): CP-36-CR-0001419-2015

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., BOWES AND PLATT,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                        FILED NOVEMBER 29, 2016

      Marcial Anton Cooper, II appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed following his conviction for the sole count of delivery of a controlled

substance. We affirm.

      The following facts were adduced at trial.       Trooper Noel Velez, a

member of the Vice Unit of Pennsylvania State Police Troop J, utilized a

female confidential informant (hereinafter “CI”), to arrange for the purchase

of an ounce of cocaine.       N.T., 12/14/15, at 63.      The operation was

conducted on January 31, 2013, at approximately 5:00 p.m. Id. at 95. On

that date, the CI informed Trooper Velez that an individual known to the CI

only as “Juan” agreed to sell her cocaine in a Wal-Mart parking lot. Id. at

67. Trooper Velez, along with Corporal John Comerford, proceeded to the

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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area. The CI, who was driving her own vehicle, met the officers in a parking

lot across from the Wal-Mart. Trooper Velez conducted the controlled buy

procedure and gave the CI $800.        She then proceeded to the Wal-mart

parking lot.   Id. at 71.

      Trooper Velez followed the CI’s vehicle and maintained visual contact.

He observed her vehicle as she parked next to a silver, four-door vehicle.

The officer parked where he could see through the target vehicle’s

windshield.    The CI exited her vehicle, approached the silver car, and

entered the passenger seat. Trooper Velez observed the CI and the driver,

later identified as Appellant, having a brief conversation. Appellant and the

CI exchanged unidentified items. Id. at 67-69.

      Following the transaction, the CI returned to her vehicle and Appellant

immediately exited the parking lot.    Trooper Velez wrote down the license

plate and contacted Corporal Comerford, who was in a separate vehicle and

parked nearby.     Id. at 70-71; 109.       He related everything he had just

observed, and described Appellant’s vehicle and its license plate. Id. at 70-

71.   The corporal began to follow Appellant’s vehicle and the two cars

merged onto a highway.

      Meanwhile, the CI returned to the original meeting location across the

street. She handed Trooper Velez a plastic bag of white powder, which was

determined to contain 28.7 grams of cocaine. Id. at 135.

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      Since the authorities did not know Appellant’s name, Trooper Travis

Martin, who was part of the police operation and waiting on the highway,

was instructed to stop the vehicle.        Following the drug sale, Corporal

Comerford called Trooper Martin and told him the sale had been completed,

and described the seller’s vehicle, including its license plate number.

Trooper Martin stopped the vehicle, obtained Appellant’s driver’s license and

information, and allowed him to leave.     Id. at 127-129.   The plan was to

continue the investigation, but the CI was unable to make further contact

with Appellant. Id. at 78.

      On December 14, 2015, Appellant was found guilty of delivery of a

controlled substance. He was sentenced on February 4, 2016, to a period of

one year less one day to two years less one day incarceration.       Appellant

timely filed a notice of appeal, and complied with the trial court’s order to

prepare a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement. The trial court issued an opinion on

April 5, 2016. The matter is now ready for our review. Appellant raises two

issues for our consideration.

      I.     Whether the trial court erred in denying Appellant's motion
      to suppress the identification of the Appellant following a traffic
      stop conducted by Trooper Martin as the Commonwealth failed
      to offer evidence at the pre-trial hearing to establish articulable
      facts to support reasonable suspicion and/or probable cause that
      the Appellant and his vehicle had been involved in a criminal
      offense?

      II.   Whether there was sufficient evidence to convict the
      Appellant on the charge of delivery of a controlled substance as
      the Commonwealth failed to offer testimony from the

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      confidential informant that the Appellant had provided her
      cocaine while inside the Appellant's vehicle?

Appellant’s brief at 4.

      The first claim pertains to the denial of Appellant’s motion to suppress.

Our standard of review of the denial of a suppression motion is well-settled.

We are limited to

      determining whether the factual findings are supported by the
      record and whether the legal conclusions drawn from those facts
      are correct. [Since] the prosecution prevailed in the suppression
      court, we may consider only the evidence of the prosecution and
      so much of the evidence for the defense as remains
      uncontradicted when read in the context of the record as a
      whole. Where the record supports the factual findings of the trial
      court, we are bound by those facts and may reverse only if the
      legal conclusions drawn therefrom are in error.

Commonwealth v. Postie, 110 A.3d 1034, 1039 (Pa.Super. 2015) (citation

omitted). When this Court evaluates the propriety of an officer detaining a

citizen for investigative purposes, we apply the following principles:

      A police officer may detain an individual in order to conduct an
      investigation if that officer reasonably suspects that the
      individual is engaging in criminal conduct. This standard, less
      stringent than probable cause, is commonly known as
      reasonable suspicion. In order to determine whether the police
      officer had reasonable suspicion, the totality of the
      circumstances      must     be    considered. In    making    this
      determination, we must give due weight to the specific
      reasonable inferences the police officer is entitled to draw from
      the facts in light of his experience.

Commonwealth v. Roberts, 133 A.3d 759, 771 (Pa.Super. 2016) (citing

Commonwealth v. Ranson, 103 A.3d 73, 77 (Pa.Super. 2014)). When a

motion to suppress has been filed, the burden is on the Commonwealth to

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establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the challenged evidence is

admissible.     Commonwealth v. Joseph, 34 A.3d 855, 860 (Pa.Super.

2011).

       Appellant asserts that the trial court should have suppressed the

identification evidence1 because the Commonwealth failed to call any witness

who directly observed the controlled buy. According to Appellant, Trooper

Martin’s testimony was insufficient to satisfy the Commonwealth’s burden to

supply articulable facts justifying the seizure, and the Commonwealth was

required to call one of the troopers who witnessed the actual drug sale. In

urging affirmance of the trial court’s order, the Commonwealth cites to the

principle that officers may rely on information from their fellow officers in

effectuating a seizure, and argues that Trooper Martin was permitted to

seize the vehicle since Corporal Comerford clearly would have been able to

do so.

       It is well-settled that a police officer may validly rely on information

related by a fellow officer in effectuating a seizure. The officer who actually

makes the stop need not have personal knowledge of the facts justifying the

____________________________________________

1
   Appellant does not clarify whether he means Trooper Martin should have
been precluded from identifying Appellant at trial, or that the case should be
entirely dismissed, as the police learned Appellant’s name from that
encounter. We need not resolve that question given our disposition of the
claim.

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seizure.   We summarized this concept in Commonwealth v. Chernosky,

874 A.2d 123 (Pa.Super. 2005) (en banc):

      It is entirely permissible for an officer to engage in the
      investigation of a suspect based on the observations of another
      officer even when the officer conducting the investigation has
      not been supplied with the specific facts needed to support the
      seizure; however, the officer who made the observations must
      have the necessary facts to support the ordered interdiction.
      See United States v. Hensley, 469 U.S. 221, 105 S.Ct. 675,
      83 L.Ed.2d 604 (1985) (police may conduct investigatory stop in
      reliance on another police department's wanted flyer as long as
      flyer was issued based on articulable facts supporting reasonable
      suspicion); Commonwealth v. Kenney, 449 Pa. 562, 297 A.2d
      794 (1972) (officer making warrantless arrest pursuant to order
      from superior need not have probable cause for arrest provided
      superior had information necessary to support probable cause to
      order arrest). This precept flows from the realities of police
      investigation, which often relies upon the cooperation of many
      police officers.

Id. at 126.

      We briefly examine Hensley. Therein, an officer with the St. Bernard,

Ohio police department received information on December 10, 1981 from an

informant,    who   told   the   officer   that   Thomas   Hensley   had   recently

participated in an armed robbery of a tavern. Based on this information, the

officer distributed a “wanted flyer” to other police departments in the area.

The flyer simply stated that Hensley was wanted for investigation of a

robbery and gave a description. Id. at 223.

      The Covington Police Department, located approximately five miles

from St. Bernard, received the flyer on December 10, 1981. Several officers

were acquainted with Hensley and began periodically checking areas he was

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known to frequent.    On December 16, 1981, several officers saw Hensley

driving in the area, and stopped him. Firearms were recovered, leading to

federal charges and a conviction.

      The Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit reversed the conviction,

finding that the flyer omitted a description of the specific and articulable

facts which led the St. Bernard Police to suspect Hensley’s involvement in a

completed crime.    The Supreme Court reversed, holding that “if a flyer or

bulletin has been issued on the basis of articulable facts supporting a

reasonable suspicion that the wanted person has committed an offense, then

reliance on that flyer or bulletin justifies a stop to check identification.” Id.

at 232.   Therefore, provided the St. Bernard authorities who issued the

bulletin possessed reasonable suspicion, based on specific and articulable

facts, the Covington authorities were permitted to briefly detain Hensley.

Id. at 233-34.

      Our Supreme Court discussed Hensley in Commonwealth v. Queen,

639 A.2d 443 (Pa. 1994), which Appellant relies upon. In Queen, Officer

Bryant of the Philadelphia Police Department proceeded to a scene following

a police radio request.    When he arrived, three detectives were standing

behind a vehicle occupied by Queen. One of these detectives, Mr. Mango,

approached Officer Bryant and stated that Queen “resembled a male wanted

for robbery.” Id. at 444. Based on this information, Officer Bryant seized

Queen, which ultimately led to the recovery of a firearm.          Id.    At the

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suppression hearing, the Commonwealth called only Officer Bryant.         The

High Court concluded that the Commonwealth was required to call Detective

Mango to sustain its burden, relying in part on Hensley:

     . . . Hensley clearly supports the proposition that a stop and
     frisk may be supported by a police radio bulletin only if evidence
     is offered at the suppression hearing establishing the articulable
     facts which support the reasonable suspicion. To hold otherwise
     would permit the government to bypass the protections of the
     Fourth Amendment and Article I, Section 8, of the Pennsylvania
     Constitution by always having a second police officer summoned
     for assistance for the purpose of making the inquiry of a suspect
     on the basis of an initial police officer's suspicion. At no time
     would the government have to establish any articulable facts,
     thus completely emasculating the protections against illegal
     searches and seizures.

     Applying the above principles to this record, it is clear that the
     suppression court erred in refusing to suppress Appellant's
     weapon. The suppression court assumed that Detective
     Mango possessed the required facts to conduct an
     investigatory stop.

Id. at 445-46 (emphasis added).

     By relying on Queen, Appellant argues that the Commonwealth was

required to call the witnesses who directly observed the conduct.          We

disagree.   Neither Hensley nor Queen commands that the prosecution

present the testimony of the officer who directly observed the conduct in

question.   Queen’s holding that the Commonwealth was required to call

Detective Mango to sustain its burden simply reflected the reality that only

Detective Mango possessed the relevant information.        The focus is not on

the person who observed the conduct, but rather upon the requirement that

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the “evidence . . . offered at the suppression hearing establish[es] the

articulable facts.” Id. at 445. Herein, the Commonwealth clearly satisfied

that requirement by establishing that officers visually observed a CI

purchasing drugs from Appellant, and stopped Appellant’s vehicle shortly

thereafter. Those facts simply came in through Trooper Martin.2

       We note that Trooper Martin was directly involved in the investigation

of the criminal conduct.       He was part and parcel of the investigation, and

was therefore permitted to rely upon, and testify to, his fellow officer’s

observations. See United States v. Ventresca, 380 U.S. 102, 111 (1965)

(“Observations of fellow officers of the Government engaged in a common

investigation are plainly a reliable basis for a warrant applied for by one of

their number.”); Hensley, supra at 231 (“[E]ffective law enforcement

cannot be conducted unless police officers can act on directions and

information transmitted by one officer to another and that officers, who

must often act swiftly, cannot be expected to cross-examine their fellow

officers about the foundation for the transmitted information.”) (citation
____________________________________________

2
   We are mindful that our scope of review limits our analysis to the evidence
presented at the suppression hearing. In re L.J., 79 A.3d 1073 (Pa. 2013).
At the suppression hearing, Trooper Martin testified that Corporal Comerford
told him of the pending controlled buy, and, following the sale, called
Trooper Martin. The corporal described a 2001 Chrysler Sebring, bearing a
particular license plate, told the trooper the driver had just sold drugs to a
CI, and told him the direction it was traveling on a particular highway. N.T.
12/14/15, at 7.

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omitted).3       Thus, the Commonwealth satisfied its burden and offered

articulable facts justifying the seizure.

       Appellant’s second claim pertains to the sufficiency of the evidence.

The standard we apply is well-settled.

       In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we consider
       whether the evidence presented at trial, and all reasonable
       inferences drawn therefrom, viewed in a light most favorable to
       the Commonwealth as the verdict winner, support the jury's
       verdict beyond a reasonable doubt. The Commonwealth can
       meet its burden by wholly circumstantial evidence and any doubt
       about the defendant's guilt is to be resolved by the fact finder
       unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that, as a
       matter of law, no probability of fact can be drawn from the
       combined circumstances. As an appellate court, we must review
       the entire record and all evidence actually received. The trier of
       fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the
       weight of the evidence produced is free to believe all, part or
____________________________________________

3
    We note that in Commonwealth v. Yong, 120 A.3d 299 (Pa.Super.
2015), appeal granted, 137 A.3d 573 (Pa. 2016), we rejected an extension
of the fellow-officer rule to the situation where knowledge of one officer is
imputed to another. Therein, Officer Gerald Gibson arrested Yong while
executing a search warrant. The Commonwealth presented Officer Joseph
McCook, who had observed Yong participate in a controlled buy two days
before the execution of the warrant. The Commonwealth did not present
any evidence that Officer McCook shared his knowledge with Officer Gibson
or directed him to take any action, instead arguing that his knowledge could
be imputed to Officer Gibson.

We reversed the trial court’s denial of suppression, concluding that imputing
knowledge under those facts stretched the fellow officer doctrine to its
breaking point. “At Yong's suppression hearing, it was the Commonwealth's
burden to establish that Officer McCook directed Officer Gibson to arrest
Yong.” Herein, the Commonwealth established that Corporal Comerford
directed Trooper Martin to effectuate the stop, and that the two officers were
in communication regarding a joint investigation. Those actions comfortably
fit within the fellow-officer rule.

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      none of the evidence. Because evidentiary sufficiency is a
      question of law, our standard of review is de novo and our scope
      of review is plenary.

Commonwealth v. Dawson, 132 A.3d 996, 1001-02 (Pa.Super. 2016)

(citation omitted).

      Instantly, Appellant’s sole conviction was for delivery of a controlled

substance, codified at 35 P.S. § 780–113(a)(30) of The Controlled

Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, which states in relevant part:

      (a)    The following acts and the causing thereof within the
             Commonwealth are hereby prohibited:
      ....

             (30) Except as authorized by this act, the
             manufacture, delivery, or possession with intent to
             manufacture or deliver, a controlled substance by a
             person not registered under this act, or a practitioner
             not registered or licensed by the appropriate State
             board, or knowingly creating, delivering or
             possessing with intent to deliver, a counterfeit
             controlled substance.

35 P.S. § 780-113.      Delivery is defined as “the actual, constructive, or

attempted transfer from one person to another of a controlled substance,

other drug, device or cosmetic whether or not there is an agency

relationship.” 35 P.S. § 780-102.

      Herein, the Commonwealth’s theory of delivery derived from the CI’s

exchange of currency for the plastic bag that was turned over to the police.

Since Appellant stipulated at trial that the substance in that bag was

cocaine, the only element at issue was the delivery.       Appellant maintains

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that the absence of the CI’s testimony is fatal to the Commonwealth’s ability

to prove the charge beyond a reasonable doubt.

      We disagree.    The Commonwealth may secure a conviction through

circumstantial evidence.   Trooper Velez testified that, immediately prior to

the controlled buy, he searched both the CI and her vehicle with negative

results. She was wearing skintight clothing that, in the Trooper’s estimation,

could not possibly have concealed drugs on her person without his

knowledge. N.T., 12/14/15, at 100. Moreover, Appellant left the Wal-Mart

parking lot immediately after finishing the observed exchange and did not go

into the Wal-Mart.       The Trooper maintained constant visual contact

throughout the entire encounter. While the Trooper admitted he could not

see exactly what was exchanged in the vehicle, he saw something being

passed between Appellant and the CI. The jury was permitted to infer that

the object Appellant transferred to the CI was the cocaine that was turned

over to Trooper Velez.

      Appellant argued at trial and in this appeal that the authorities could

have strip-searched the CI and failed to check for traps in her vehicle that

may have contained drugs.      Those asserted deficiencies clearly go to the

weight of the evidence, not its sufficiency. Therefore, this evidence, deemed

credible by the jury in its role as fact-finder and viewed in the light most

favorable to the Commonwealth, was sufficient to sustain the conviction for

delivery of a controlled substance.

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     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/29/2016

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