Court Opinion

ID: 9388005
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-19 16:08:14.358449+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:16.884287
License: Public Domain

J-A08045-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                    :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                    :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                                    :
                v.                                  :
                                                    :
                                                    :
    JASON MICHAEL FRAZIER                           :
                                                    :
                       Appellant                    :   No. 616 WDA 2022

              Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered April 25, 2022
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-02-CR-0011969-2000

BEFORE: STABILE, J., SULLIVAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PELLEGRINI, J.:                            FILED: April 19, 2023

        Jason Michael Frazier (Frazier) appeals from the April 25, 2022 order of

the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County (PCRA court) denying as

untimely his fourth petition filed pursuant to the Post-Conviction Relief Act

(PCRA).1 We affirm.

                                               I.

                                               A.

        We glean the following facts from the certified record.            In the early

morning hours of July 4, 2001, Sherdina Jones (the victim) was shot multiple

times and killed on Kelly Street in Pittsburgh. Eight shell casings from a .22

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1   42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541 et seq.
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caliber rifle were recovered from the scene and the murder weapon was found

in a dumpster based on an anonymous tip a few weeks later. Law enforcement

did not recover any additional cartridge casings from the scene. At trial, the

Commonwealth presented expert testimony that the shell casings recovered

from the scene of the shooting matched the rifle that was recovered from the

dumpster.     A .22 caliber bullet and a large fragment were additionally

recovered from the victim’s abdomen and shoulder, along with smaller

fragments that the expert believed, but could not confirm, were of that same

caliber. He testified that the bullet and large fragment were fired from the

rifle recovered by law enforcement, but admitted that he could not say with

certainty that the remaining fragments originated from that weapon.

      The day prior to the murder, police had responded to a report of a

different shooting on Bennett Street.    They spoke to Frazier, who was the

target of the shooting, and he said that “Kelly Street [was] responsible” and

that “somebody [was] going to pay.” N.T., 1/12 & 16/01, at 97. When police

then interviewed Frazier about the shooting on Kelly Street the next day, he

claimed that he was not in Pittsburgh at the time. However, after his arrest a

few weeks later, he admitted that he had purchased the rifle, cut off the stock,

and was driving down Kelly Street with a friend, Geoffrey Warren (Warren),

at the time of the victim’s shooting. He said that he spotted three men hiding

in the bushes, told Warren to duck and then heard two shots. He claimed that

Warren then grabbed the rifle and returned fire.

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        Later in the interview, Frazier ultimately admitted that he was the one

who fired the rifle. He said that after he saw the men hiding, he pulled the

rifle out of the backseat, propped it on the windowsill of the vehicle, and fired

11 shots at the men before driving away. At his trial, Frazier contended that

he fired on the men in self-defense and the victim had been caught in the

crossfire. The jury rejected this defense and found him guilty of first-degree

murder2 and this Court affirmed his judgment of sentence. Commonwealth

v. Frazier, 387 WDA 2001, at *25 (Pa. Super. Feb. 13, 2003) (unpublished

memorandum).

                                               B.

        Since his conviction, Frazier has filed multiple PCRA petitions seeking

relief based on after-discovered evidence. In his first PCRA petition, Frazier

sought a new trial based on after-discovered evidence of six witnesses who

corroborated Frazier’s defense that other men fired at his vehicle, causing him

to fear for his life, before Frazier fired back. Commonwealth v. Frazier,

1624 WDA 2007, at *7-13 (Pa. Super. Mar. 10, 2008) (unpublished

memorandum). We concluded that the affidavits were not timely obtained

through due diligence, were merely corroborative of the self-defense theory

he presented at trial, and would not have altered the outcome of the case.

Id.

____________________________________________

2   18 Pa.C.S. § 2502(a).

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      In his second PCRA petition, Frazier presented two additional affidavits.

One of the affidavits was from a new witness who identified Paul Pierce

(Pierce)   as   the   individual   who    first   fired   upon   Frazier’s   vehicle.

Commonwealth v. Frazier, 1869 WDA 2009, at *5 (Pa. Super. Feb. 28,

2014) (unpublished memorandum). The affidavit further alleged that Pierce,

who was by that time deceased, had told the affiant he had killed the victim.

Id.   The second affidavit was produced by a witness who had submitted

affidavits in support of Frazier’s first PCRA petition. Id. at *8. We held that

Frazier had not exercised due diligence with respect to either witness and that

the affidavits merely rehashed facts regarding self-defense previously known

to Frazier. Id. at *9-11.

      In his third PCRA petition, Frazier once again submitted affidavits from

three witnesses who averred that Pierce had confessed to shooting the victim

and two additional witnesses who allegedly saw Pierce shoot at Frazier’s

vehicle. Commonwealth v. Frazier, 296 WDA 2015, at *5-7 (Pa. Super.

Dec. 2, 2016) (unpublished memorandum). We concluded that Frazier had

not exercised due diligence in uncovering the first three witnesses. Id. at

*11-13.    With regard to the final two witnesses, we held that Frazier had

timely presented their affidavits but was nonetheless not entitled to relief

because the affidavits were again merely cumulative of his self-defense claim

and would not have altered the result of the trial. Id. at 15-16.

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                                       C.

      In the instant petition, Frazier again proffers affidavits from alleged

witnesses to the shooting: Jesse Lumberger and James Hill. The affidavits

differed from the prior witness affidavits in that they averred that after Frazier

fled the scene, Pierce walked over to the victim and fired two shots into her

abdomen as she lay on the ground.           The PCRA court held an evidentiary

hearing at which Lumberger and Hill testified, consistent with their affidavits,

as follows:

      Mr. Lumberger testified that on the day [the victim] was killed, he
      was eleven years old and staying with his cousin, Mr. Hill, who
      lived on Kelly Street in Homewood. According to Mr. Lumberger,
      he and Mr. Hill (of a similar age to Mr. Lumberger) left Mr. Hill’s
      house late in the evening to walk to a “girl Tiffany’s house”—which
      was also on Kelly Street—so that they “could both have sex with
      her.” Mr. Lumberger explained that after he and Mr. Hill departed
      from Tiffany’s house and were walking back to Mr. Hill’s house,
      they observed, among other things, Mr. Pierce emerge from some
      bushes and shoot [the victim] “like twice” in the stomach with a
      pistol/revolver. Mr. Hill provided testimony about the day of [the
      victim’s] death and her shooting that was similar to the version of
      events advanced by Mr. Lumberger, i.e., among other things, he
      observed Mr. Pierce shoot [the victim] with a handgun.

      Mr. Lumberger further testified that he was currently serving a ten
      to twenty-year sentence for bank robbery and theft by unlawful
      taking, that he was on the eighth year of his term of incarceration,
      and that he had spent the majority of his prison time at SCI
      Somerset. According to Mr. Lumberger, Mr. Frazier is also
      incarcerated at SCI Somerset. Mr. Lumberger maintained that he
      had not talked to Mr. Frazier in detail and–in fact—did not really
      know him. Indeed, Mr. Lumberger claimed that he only came
      forward with his version of the events of July 4, 2000, after he (i)

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       encountered [Eddie] Green[3] in the SCI Somerset prison yard in
       the summer of 2019; (ii) explained to Mr. Green, whom he
       recognized as being with [the victim] at the time shots were fired
       on July 4, 2000, that he was also present at that time and saw Mr.
       Pierce shoot [the victim]; (iii) and was convinced by Mr. Green to
       assist Mr. Frazier by allowing Mr. Green to type up an affidavit for
       Mr. Lumberger’s signature, which affidavit Mr. Lumberger signed
       and returned to Mr. Green, who apparently provided it to Mr.
       Frazier for his use in these proceedings. . . . Lumberger asserted
       that Mr. Frazier did not ask him to lie on his behalf, that he was
       not threatened to assist in these proceedings, and that no one
       offered to pay him for aiding Mr. Frazier.

       Mr. Hill testified that he had been incarcerated at SCI Somerset
       since 2015 and that he also had a typed affidavit prepared for his
       signature in an attempt to assist Mr. Frazier in the above-
       captioned matter. According to Mr. Hill, he and Mr. Lumberger
       talked about Mr. Frazier and that they “should come forward and
       let them know like what really happened.” Mr. Hill then explained
       that he “wrote [his] name and gave it to [Mr. Lumberger], and
       [Mr. Lumberger] brought [Mr. Hill] back an affidavit to sign[,]”
       which he did. Mr. Frazier, Mr. Hill testified, did not pay him for his
       testimony at the Hearing; and Mr. Hill also claimed that he was
       not threatened to prepare his affidavit or to testify.

PCRA Court Opinion, 8/3/22, at 6-7 (citations omitted, cleaned up).

       The PCRA court ultimately dismissed Frazier’s petition as untimely,

explicitly concluding that Lumberger and Hill were not credible, that they “did

not truthfully testify that they saw [the] shooting on July 4, 2000,” and that

“[t]hey also did not credibly testify that the information in their respective

affidavits was accurate or that they disclosed their purported knowledge about

____________________________________________

3 Green had authored one of the affidavits Frazier submitted in support of his
third petition. Green had averred that he was walking with the victim on the
night of the shooting and that he saw Pierce fire at Frazier’s vehicle.

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Mr. Pierce’s alleged involvement in [the victim’s] killing in the way in which

they testified or within one year of Mr. Frazier filing his October 2019 request

for PCRA relief.” Id. at 10. It observed that Frazier did not himself testify

about how he obtained the newly-discovered facts, nor did he call Green as a

witness to corroborate Lumberger and Hill’s testimony. Accordingly, it found

that Frazier had not met his burden of pleading and proving the timeliness

exception and denied the petition. Frazier timely appealed and he and the

PCRA court have complied with Pa. R.A.P. 1925.

                                               II.

       Frazier raises two issues on appeal: whether the PCRA court erred by

dismissing his petition as untimely and whether he is entitled to a new trial

based on the after-discovered evidence set forth in the Lumberger and Hill

affidavits.4

                                               A.

       “A PCRA petition, including a second and subsequent petition, shall be

filed within one year of the date the underlying judgment becomes final.”

____________________________________________

4 “The standard of review of an order dismissing a PCRA petition is whether
that determination is supported by the evidence of record and is free of legal
error.” Commonwealth v. Weimer, 167 A.3d 78, 81 (Pa. Super. 2017).
“The PCRA court’s findings will not be disturbed unless there is no support for
the findings in the certified record.” Id. (citation omitted). However, whether
a PCRA petition is timely filed is a question of law over which our standard of
review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary. Commonwealth v.
Taylor, 65 A.3d 462, 468 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citations omitted).

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Commonwealth v. Graves, 197 A.3d 1182, 1185 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation

omitted); see also 42 Pa.C.S. 9545(b)(1). “[A] judgment becomes final at

the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme

Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the

expiration of time for seeking the review.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3).

      There is no dispute that Frazier’s petition is facially untimely, as his

judgment of sentence became final in 2003 when his petition for allowance of

appeal was denied by our Supreme Court. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3). Because

he did not file the instant petition until October 8, 2019, he must plead and

prove one of the exceptions to the PCRA’s timeliness requirements: that he

was prevented from raising the claim earlier by government interference; that

the claim is based on newly-discovered facts that could not have been

ascertained earlier; or that the claim is predicated on a newly-recognized

constitutional right. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). In addition, a petitioner

must file the petition raising the claimed exception within one year of the date

the claim could have been presented. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2).

      Frazier asserts that his petition is timely under the exception for newly-

discovered facts. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii). The     newly-discovered     facts

exception “does not require any merits analysis of the underlying claim.”

Commonwealth v. Cox, 146 A.3d 221, 227 (Pa. 2016) (internal quotations

and citation omitted).     To establish timeliness pursuant to the newly-

discovered facts exception, “the petitioner must establish only that (1) the

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facts upon which the claim was predicated were unknown and (2) they could

not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence.”           Id.   “Due

diligence requires neither perfect vigilance nor punctilious care, but rather it

requires reasonable efforts by a petitioner, based on the particular

circumstances, to uncover facts that may support a claim for collateral relief.”

Commonwealth v. Burton, 121 A.3d 1063, 1071 (Pa. Super. 2015) (en

banc).   Finally, a petitioner may not merely present a new source of

previously-known facts in order to satisfy the exception. Commonwealth v.

Marshall, 947 A.2d 714, 720 (Pa. 2008).

      Here, the newly-discovered fact was not merely that additional

witnesses saw Pierce fire at Frazier, but rather that they allegedly saw him

fire directly at the victim, causing her death, after Frazier had already fled the

scene. Previous witnesses had averred that Pierce initiated the encounter and

that Frazier merely fired back in self-defense.     Accordingly, the “fact” that

Frazier discovered through the Lumberger and Hill affidavits was distinct from

those presented in prior petitions and the new affidavits were not merely

newly-discovered sources of previously-known facts.           Marshall, supra.

Further, Lumberger and Hill were not previously identified as witnesses in the

trial or numerous PCRA proceedings, and there is no indication in the record

that Frazier should have been aware of their existence prior to when they

provided him with their affidavits. Cf. Commonwealth v. Smith, 194 A.3d

126 (Pa. Super. 2018) (holding that petitioner did not exercise due diligence

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to obtain witness’s affidavit when pre-trial discovery indicated that witness

had made a statement to police but petitioner did not request the statement

or pursue affidavit for over 13 years). Finally, Frazier filed the instant petition

within one year of receiving the affidavits in August 2019.        Thus, without

considering the veracity of the Lumberger and Hill affidavits, it appears Frazier

has satisfied the elements of the newly-discovered facts exception.

      However, the PCRA court resolved the question of timeliness on

credibility grounds, concluding that because Lumberger and Hill were not

truthful, Frazier had failed to prove that the exception applies to his claim.

Though neither the PCRA court nor the parties have addressed this issue, our

Supreme Court has remained equally divided in recent years as to whether

credibility is relevant in assessing the newly-discovered facts exception.

Commonwealth v. Fears, 250 A.3d 1180, 1189-90 (Pa. 2021) (OISA); id.

at 1201 (OISR). Some Justices would hold that the veracity of the alleged

fact goes only to the merits of the underlying claim rather than to timeliness,

while others argue that the fact must be proven for the timeliness exception

to apply. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Blakeney, 193 A.3d 350, 364 (Pa.

2018) (OISR) (“Substantiating the veracity of the fact upon which the claim

is predicated is a question for merits review of the claim.”); id. at 367 (OISA)

(“Under this clear standard, a petitioner submitting a facially untimely PCRA

petition has the burden to prove the new fact upon which his claim is

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predicated.”); Commonwealth v. Robinson, 204 A.3d 326, 343-44 (Pa.

2018) (OISR); id. at 354 (OISA).

      In Fears, because the Court identified an “established disagreement on

the topic of jurisdiction,” it proceeded to address the merits of the claims

notwithstanding the opinion in support of affirmance’s holding that the petition

was untimely. Fears, supra, at 1191. Here, because the PCRA court held an

evidentiary hearing on the merits of Frazier’s claims and issued an opinion

detailing its credibility determinations, the record is sufficient to address the

merits of Frazier’s after-discovered evidence claim. Moreover, this Court may

affirm a lower court’s order on any legal basis appearing in the record.

Commonwealth v. Parker, 249 A.3d 590, 595 (Pa. Super. 2021).

Accordingly, we proceed to the merits of his claim.

                                       B.

      Recognizing that the PCRA court’s credibility determinations may not be

disregarded absent an abuse of discretion, Frazier contends that the PCRA

court’s conclusions are not adequately supported by the record. He contends

that Lumberger and Hill made eye contact throughout the hearing, admitted

when they did not know the answer to a question, and that their body

language did not suggest that they were untruthful. He asserts that it would

not be unusual for children to be out later at night on a holiday like the Fourth

of July. He points out that their testimony cannot be considered self-serving,

as they had no interest in the outcome of Frazier’s case and no obligation to

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come forward. Finally, he criticizes the PCRA court for stating that the ballistic

evidence contradicted the testimony, as the evidence at trial did not

conclusively establish that all bullet fragments recovered from the victim’s

body were fired from the rifle.

      A petitioner is entitled to relief on an after-discovered evidence claim if

he pleads and proves that his conviction resulted from “[t]he unavailability at

the time of trial of exculpatory evidence that has subsequently become

available and would have changed the outcome of the trial if it had been

produced.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(vi).

      A petitioner must establish that the evidence: (1) could not have
      been obtained prior to the conclusion of the trial by the exercise
      of reasonable diligence; (2) is not merely corroborative or
      cumulative; (3) will not be used solely to impeach the credibility
      of a witness; and (4) would likely result in a different verdict if a
      new trial were granted.

Commonwealth v. Epps, 240 A.3d 640, 653 (Pa. Super. 2020) (emphasis

and citation omitted). The credibility of an after-discovered witness’s evidence

is central to the fourth prong of the test, as an incredible witness would not

compel a different verdict if called at trial. See Commonwealth v. Small,

189 A.3d 961, 977 (Pa. 2018). The PCRA court, sitting as the fact-finder, is

in the best position to evaluate the credibility and integrity of the after-

discovered evidence and to assess its possible impact on the verdict.

Commonwealth v. Padillas, 997 A.2d 356, 365-66 (Pa. Super. 2010).

      After viewing Lumberger and Hill’s testimony at the evidentiary hearing,

the PCRA court found it to be wholly incredible. It did not believe that they

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witnessed the shooting at all, let alone that they witnessed Pierce shoot the

victim after Frazier had fled the scene. PCRA Court Opinion, 8/3/22, at 10.

In assailing the PCRA court’s conclusion, Frazier restates arguments that he

presented to that court at the evidentiary hearing and in his written post-

hearing brief. The PCRA court, thus, had the opportunity to consider these

arguments before nonetheless concluding based on its own observations that

Lumberger and Hill were not credible. While Frazier is correct that the trial

evidence does not completely foreclose the possibility that the victim was

killed by Pierce in the manner described by Lumberger and Hill,5 the question

of whether their testimony would have compelled a different verdict ultimately

hinges on the credibility that the fact-finder would have assigned that

testimony. Small, supra. As we discern no abuse of discretion or error of

law in the PCRA court’s rejection of the testimony, Frazier is not entitled to

relief on his claim.

       Order affirmed.

____________________________________________

5 The ballistics expert acknowledged the possibility that some of the smaller
bullet fragments recovered from the victim were not fired from the rifle, as
they could not be conclusively tested due to their size. He nonetheless
maintained throughout his testimony that it was common for bullets to
fragment when entering the body, and that it was likely that they originated
from the same firearm. N.T., 1/12 & 16/01, at 158-59, 178-79, 183-84, 186-
88.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/19/2023

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