Court Opinion

ID: 1072472
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:50:16.711701+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:07:26.705356
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                             AT NASHVILLE
                          February 5, 1999 Session
                WADE CUMMINS, ET AL. v. OPRYLAND PRODUCTIONS

                Direct Appeal from the Chancery Court for Davidson County
                    No. 96-3436-I     Irvin H. Kilcrease, Jr., Chancellor

                     No. M1998-00934-COA-R3-CV - Filed March 7, 2001

This case involves the alleged breach of an oral contract and a claim of negligent misrepresentation.
Defendant’s agent contacted the plaintiffs, an Elvis impersonator, the members of his band, and
members of the Jordanaires to book them for a performance nine months hence. Plaintiffs reserved
the time, but no written agreement was ever executed. Weeks before the performance, Defendant
informed Plaintiffs that their services would not be required. Plaintiffs sued alleging breach of an
oral contract and negligent misrepresentation and now appeal the trial court’s decision to grant
summary judgment to Defendant on both issues. We affirm in part and reverse in part.

          Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court
                          Affirmed in Part and Reversed in Part

PATRICIA J. COTTRELL , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which BEN H. CANTRELL , P.J., M.S.,
and WILLIAM C. KOCH , JR., J. joined.

Bryan E. Pieper, Nashville, Tennessee for the appellants, Wade Cummins, Gordon Stoker, Ray
Walker, Neil Matthews, Duane West, Sandy Posey, Mary Fielder, Mike Schrimpf, Roger Bradley
and Keith Ellis.

L. Webb Campbell, William L. Harbison, and J. Scott Hickman, Nashville, Tennessee, for appellee,
Opryland Productions.

                                            OPINION

        This case involves the alleged breach of an oral contract and a claim of negligent
misrepresentation. The plaintiffs, Wade Cummins, an Elvis impersonator using the stage name Elvis
Wade, the members of his band, and members of the Jordanaires (collectively “the Elvis act”) appeal
the trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment to the defendant, Opryland Productions
(“Opryland”). For the following reasons, we affirm in part and reverse in part.
        In October 1995, Opryland’s agent, Jan Thrasher, contacted Wade Cummins’s agent, Barye
Cassell, about booking the Elvis act for Atlanta’s 1996 Summer Olympics. As a result of this and
several other conversations, the Elvis act reserved the period between July 19, 1996 through August
4, 1996 for the Atlanta engagement. It is undisputed that all parties contemplated that the agreement
to perform would be reduced to writing. However, no written contract was ever executed, despite
the fact that Mr. Cassell sent one to Ms. Thrasher. In June of 1996, Ms. Thrasher informed Mr.
Cassell that the venue had been leased to another entertainment corporation and the Elvis act’s
services would not be required.

        After the Olympics concluded and the Elvis act received no compensation, it commenced this
action, alleging breach of an oral agreement and negligent misrepresentation. The complaint stated
that “the terms of the express oral contract were offered by Opryland Productions in October of 1995
and accepted by Wade Cummins in October of 1995.” Finding that there was no meeting of the
minds regarding the formation of an oral contract, the trial court granted Opryland’s motion for
summary judgment on the contract claim. The court declined to reach the negligent
misrepresentation claim, reasoning that its finding that no contract was formed disposed of the issue.
This appeal ensued.

                                                  I.

         Summary judgment is appropriate only if the moving party establishes that no genuine issues
of material fact remain to be tried and, under the undisputed facts, judgment is required as a matter
of law. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56; White v. Lawrence, 975 S.W.2d 525, 528 (Tenn. 1998)(citing Byrd v.
Hall, 847 S.W.2d 208, 210 (Tenn. 1993)). Courts reviewing motions for summary judgment must
consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, draw all reasonable inferences
in favor of that party and discard all countervailing evidence. White, 975 S.W.2d at 529. The
motion must be denied unless the only conclusion that can reasonably be drawn from the undisputed
facts is that the movant is entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law. McCall v. Wilder, 913
S.W.2d 150, 153 (Tenn.1995); Carvell v. Bottoms, 900 S.W.2d 23, 26 (Tenn. 1995). Because it is
solely a legal question, our determination of whether the requirements of Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56 have
been satisfied is de novo, and the trial court’s determination does not enjoy a presumption of
correctness. Hunter v. Brown, 955 S.W.2d 49, 50-51 (Tenn.1997); Mason v. Seaton, 942 S.W.2d
470, 472 (Tenn.1997).

                                                  II.

       The Elvis act argues that summary judgment was improperly granted on its contract claim.
They maintain that whether there was a meeting of the minds on the essential terms of the contract
was a disputed issue of material fact.

       A contract may be expressed or implied, written or oral, but, to be enforceable, it must,
among other elements, result from a mutual assent to its terms, be predicated upon sufficient
consideration, and be sufficiently definite for its terms to be enforced. Johnson v. Central Nat’l Ins.

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Co., 210 Tenn. 24, 34-35, 356 S.W.2d 277, 281 (1962); Jamestowne on Signal, Inc. v. First Fed.
Sav. & Loan Ass'n, 807 S.W.2d 559, 564 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1990). With respect to oral contracts, the
court in Jamestowne, 807 S.W.2d at 564, also cited the Restatement Second of Contracts § 33 for
the proposition that

       [e]ven though a manifestation of intention is intended to be understood as an offer,
       it cannot be accepted so as to form a contract unless the terms of the contract are
       reasonably certain. The terms of a contract are reasonably certain if they provide a
       basis for determining the existence of a breach and for giving an appropriate remedy.
       The fact that one or more terms of a proposed bargain are left open may show that
       a manifestation of intention is not intended to be understood as an offer or as an
       acceptance.

       Further, the basic rules of contract formation in Tennessee are well established:

       An acceptance, to be effectual, must be identical with the offer and unconditional.
       Where a person offers to do a definite thing, and another accepts conditionally or
       introduces a new term into the acceptance, his answer is either a mere expression of
       willingness to treat, or it is a counter proposal, and in neither case is there an
       agreement. . . .

       In order that there may be a meeting of the minds which is essential to the formation
       of a contract, the acceptance of the offer must be substantially as made. There must
       be no variance between the acceptance and the offer. Accordingly a proposal to
       accept, or an acceptance, upon terms varying from those offered, is a rejection of the
       offer and puts an end to the negotiation unless the party who made the original offer
       renews it, or assents to the modifications suggested.

Canton Cotton Mills v. Bowman Overall Co., 149 Tenn. 18, 31, 257 S.W. 398, 402 (1924) (citations
omitted). Therefore, it is possible that parties can make an oral agreement to bind themselves to
prepare and execute a final written contract, but the oral agreement must include all essential terms
to be incorporated in the final document. Engenius Entertainment, Inc. v. Herenton, 971 S.W.2d 12,
17 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997). Additionally,

       [t]hat document is understood to be a mere memorial of the agreement already
       reached. If the document or contract that the parties agree to make is to contain any
       material term that is not already agreed on, no contract has yet been made; the so-
       called “contract to make a contract” is not a contract at all.

Id. at 17-18 (citations omitted).

       Precedent requires us to use an objective test to determine mutual assent, rather than the
outdated “meeting of the minds” theory. Higgins v. Oil, Chem., & Atomic Workers Int’l Union, 811

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S.W.2d 875, 879 (Tenn. 1991). Even so, looking beyond the words themselves to assess the parties’
subjective intent may be instructive. See id. As one federal court has observed in applying the
objective standard:

       It is quite true that contracts depend upon the meaning which the law imputes to the
       utterances, not what the parties actually intended; but, in ascertaining what meaning
       to impute, the circumstances in which the words are used is always relevant, and
       usually indispensable. The standard is what a normally constituted person would
       have understood them to mean, when used in their actual setting.

Id. (quoting New York Trust Co. v. Island Oil and Transp. Corp., 34 F.2d 655, 656 (2nd Cir. 1929)).

       However, it is also well established that

       [t]he contemplated mutual assent and meeting of the minds cannot be accomplished
       by the unilateral action of one party, nor can it be accomplished by an ambiguous
       course of dealing between the two parties from which differing inferences regarding
       continuation or modification of the original contract might reasonably be drawn. In
       addition, a mere expression of intent or a general willingness to do something does
       not amount to an “offer.”

Jamestowne on Signal, Inc., 807 S.W.2d at 564 (citations omitted).

        Here, the trial court properly determined that there was no contract because there was no
mutual assent as to the terms of the agreement and not all of the essential terms of the contract were
included in the initial oral agreement. The record clearly shows that the negotiations were ongoing
and never memorialized in a written contract as the parties undisputedly intended. Even after Mr.
Cassell felt there was a binding oral agreement, he testified that he expected substantial changes in
the terms of the written contract he submitted to Ms. Thrasher. In fact, he testified that should the
artist not agree to the changes made by the buyer, there was no contract.

        Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the Elvis act, as we must, it is undisputed
that during the initial negotiations in October 1995, Ms. Thrasher informed Mr. Cassell that
Opryland Productions intended to obtain talent for a production during the Olympics and resell it to
another party in Atlanta. The performances were to be held at the Tabernacle, a venue adjoining one
of the main Olympic staging areas. Ms. Thrasher expressed interest in the period between July 19
and August 4 and inquired about reserving several additional days in case she needed to book the
Elvis act for a longer run.

       Based on the initial conversations, on October 25, Mr. Cassell faxed Ms. Thrasher the
following letter outlining and confirming his understanding of the agreement:

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       The purpose of this letter is to confirm our conversation this morning on Elvis Wade
       and the Jordanaires. We have put a hold on the days from July 19, 1996 through
       August 4, 1996. The venue would provide lights, sound, five single and five double
       hotel rooms. Additionally Elvis would have the right to sell concessions. We will
       be waiting to issue a contract upon the confirmation of Elvis Wade and the
       Jordanaires with your venue. I enjoyed meeting with you this morning. I feel our
       services and sources will allow us to work together as a team in the future on many
       projects. Please contact me as soon as you hear anything on the initial 18 days and
       the additional days.

       According to Mr. Cassell, sometime between October 25 and November 6, 1996, Ms.
Thrasher informed him the Elvis act had been approved by the venue in Atlanta and she wanted to
book the act under the previously discussed terms. Mr. Cassell testified that Ms. Thrasher asked him
to send her a contract.

        Mr. Cassell sent a written contract to Ms. Thrasher in early November. However, the
contract presented by Mr. Cassell to Ms. Thrasher included, in addition to the initial terms agreed
on, provisions such as the contract was void if not signed within ten (10) days of issue, when
payment was to be made (i.e., it required a 10% payment to be returned with the contract, 40% due
by March 1, 1996, and 50% due at the conclusion of the performances), the cancellation penalties
to be paid in the event the show was cancelled, the rights of the Elvis act to cancel prior to the event,
complimentary tickets to be provided to the Elvis act, provisions regarding meals and transportation
to be provided by Opryland, among other things. The contract was never executed by either
representatives of Opryland nor the Elvis act.

       The proposed written contract Mr. Cassell sent to Opryland also included the following
additional provision:

        ENTIRE AGREEMENT: The Modified Agreement sets forth the entire
        understanding between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof,
        and no modification or amendment of or supplement to the Modified Agreement
        shall be valid or effective unless the same is in writing and signed by the party
        against whom it is sought to be enforced.

This language provides additional proof of the parties’ intent not to be bound by the oral
negotiations.

        When asked why he sent the contract to Opryland for its signature before sending it to Mr.
Cummins, Mr. Cassell testified, “[b]ecause it must go to the end user [the buyer of the act] to make
sure the contract is a valid contract.” He explained:

        An artist never signs a contract until the buyer signs it because until you’ve signed
        it you haven’t agreed to all of the stipulations that the artist may want on there, i.e.,

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        he had a rider that says I need so many lights, I need so many dressing rooms, and
        typically if you have a problem with that you will cross things out or make notation
        or changes to the contract. Then the contract will come back to me. I will take the
        contract, review it, and see what the changes are. Take it and pass the information
        on to the artist or send the contract to them. At that point in time they will decide if
        that’s what they want to agree to. If not, I will go back and renegotiate with you as
        to what the differences may be. If everything is acceptable then he signs the
        agreement.

        Further, at around the same time that Mr. Cassell sent the proposed contract for the Olympics
engagement, he also issued contracts to Opryland for additional Elvis act performances in April and
July of 1996. The contracts were submitted to Opryland’s legal department which extensively
revised them. Opryland omitted the language stating the contract became void after ten days if not
signed and returned and changed some provisions relating to merchandising and percentages of
merchandising in their favor. Opryland also struck a provision requiring prepayment of half of the
Elvis act’s fee. In February, Opryland signed and returned one of the contracts to Mr. Cassell. He
sent it to Mr. Cummins who also executed it. Mr. Cassell explained that Opryland’s legal
department had a reputation for delay and its handling of these contracts led him to believe that the
reason Opryland had not executed the Olympics contract was because the legal department was
rewriting it.

        During his deposition, Mr. Cummins explained his perception of how the contract formation
procedure worked: once an artist has “confirmed the date to the buyer and once a date is confirmed
and contracts have been issued it’s a done deal . . . [e]ven though [the contracts] have not been
signed . . . In the business if a buyer makes an offer and the act agrees to it, you have a deal. It’s
confirmed.” Mr. Cummins agreed with the statement that “the only material terms with respect to
that offer is [sic] the date to make sure that it’s routable and to make sure that the artist is available
and the amount of money.” To the contrary, during his deposition, Mr. Cassell testified that there
was more to a contract than date and price, like rooms, meals, sound, light, travel expenses, and the
length of the show. He testified that these factors were material because the price was based on
them.

        According to the record, the performer’s fee cannot be fairly evaluated without knowledge
of the arrangements for rooms, meals, the number of people the performer must bring, the prices of
and ability to sell souvenirs, travel time and expenses for the band. Thus, while the parties had orally
reached a price for the performance, other factors had not been negotiated. What the price actually
involved, in terms of profit, was not firmly established. The value of the fee, particularly with regard
to the concessions, was still being negotiated when Mr. Cassell sent the proposed agreement to
Opryland in early November. This conclusion is supported by Mr. Cassell’s statement that after he
sent the proposed contract to Opryland,

        I had no question that I was not only going to get changes back but you [Opryland’s
        legal department] probably would basically rewrite the whole contract . . .

                                                    6
        Having reviewed the record, we find the Elvis act failed to establish that the terms of the
agreement were sufficiently definite to be enforceable. Castelli v. Lien, 910 S.W.2d 420, 426-27
(Tenn. Ct. App. 1995). In a transaction so complicated, where the evidence shows that the parties
did not even discuss many of the terms included on the numerous riders Mr. Cassell included with
his contract, the record fails to show mutual assent sufficient to bind the parties.

       Where the parties continue to negotiate regarding the material terms of a contract, there has
been no mutual assent. Peoples Bank v. ConAgra Poultry Co., 832 S.W.2d 550, 553 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1991). Proof of an ambiguous course of dealing between the parties from which differing inferences
might be drawn regarding additions to or modifications of what was a limited and incomplete
agreement is not sufficient to establish the required mutual assent. Lay v. Fairfield Dev., 929 S.W.2d
352, 353-56 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996); Jamestowne on Signal, Inc., 807 S.W.2d at 564. Because the
Elvis act cannot prove mutual assent, which is essential to the formation of a contract, summary
judgment was proper on the contract claim.

                                                 III.

       The Elvis act argues that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on the negligent
misrepresentation claim. It specifically disputes the trial court’s conclusion that the existence of a
contract is necessary as an element of negligent misrepresentation.

       Tennessee law recognizes three distinct actions in tort based upon misrepresentation: (1)
fraud or deceit; (2) misrepresentation under Section 402B of the Restatement (Second) of Torts
(1965); and (3) negligent misrepresentation under Section 552 of the Restatement (Second) of Torts
(1977). See Ritter v. Custom Chemicides, Inc., 912 S.W.2d 128, 130 (Tenn. 1995); see also John
Martin Co. v. Morse/Diesel, Inc., 819 S.W.2d 428 (Tenn. 1991). This case involves only the third
cause of action, negligent misrepresentation.

       Tennessee adopted Section 552 of the Restatement (Second) of Torts “as the guiding
principle in negligent misrepresentation actions against other professionals and business persons.”
Robinson v. Omer, 952 S.W.2d 423, 427 (Tenn. 1997); Bethlehem Steel Corp. v. Ernst & Whinney,
822 S.W.2d 592, 595 (Tenn. 1991). Section 552 provides in pertinent part:

       (1) One who, in the course of his business, profession or employment, or in any other
       transaction in which he has a pecuniary interest, supplies false information for the
       guidance of others in their business transactions, is subject to liability for pecuniary
       loss caused to them by their justifiable reliance upon the information, if he fails to
       exercise reasonable care or competence in obtaining or communicating the
       information.

       (2) Except as stated in Subsection (3), the liability stated in Subsection (1) is limited
       to loss suffered

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       (a) by the person or one of a limited group of persons for whose benefit and guidance
       he intends to supply the information or knows that the recipient intends to supply it;
       and

       (b) through reliance upon it in a transaction that he intends the information to
       influence or knows that the recipient so intends or in a substantially similar
       transaction.

Restatement (Second) of Torts, § 552 (1977).

       Here, the trial court declined to reach the negligent misrepresentation issue because its
“ruling that no contract was formed disposes of” that claim. Our Supreme Court has specifically
addressed that issue:

       In discussing the requirements for recovery under Section 552, this Court has stated
       that liability in tort will result, despite the lack of contractual privity between the
       plaintiff and defendant, when,

       (1) the defendant is acting in the course of his business, profession, or employment,
       or in a transaction in which he has a pecuniary (as opposed to gratuitous) interest; and

       (2) the defendant supplies faulty information meant to guide others in their business
       transactions; and

       (3) the defendant fails to exercise reasonable care in obtaining or communicating the
       information; and

       (4) the plaintiff justifiably relies upon the information.

Robinson, 952 S.W.2d at 427 (quoting John Martin Co., 819 S.W.2d at 431).

        In cases involving commercial transactions, the absence of privity of contract has not
prevented our courts from granting relief for negligent misrepresentation. Robinson, 952 S.W.2d
at 428 (relying on Shelby v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., 842 F. Supp. 999, 1015 (M.D. Tenn. 1993)). For
example, our Supreme Court has allowed non-clients to recover from attorneys. See e.g. Collins v.
Binkley, 750 S.W.2d 737 (Tenn. 1988); Stinson v. Brand, 738 S.W.2d 186 (Tenn. 1987) (non-client
participants to real estate transactions recovered after justifiably relying on erroneous information
negligently provided by the lawyers). Likewise, a manufacturer recovered against a national
accounting firm where the manufacturer extended credit to a customer in justifiable reliance on an
audit report regarding the customer negligently prepared by the accounting firm. Bethlehem Steel
Corp., 822 S.W.2d at 592. In John Martin Co., 819 S.W.2d at 429, a construction manager who
negligently supplied information regarding the construction project was held liable to a subcontractor
who relied upon the information in performing work at the site. This court also permitted recovery

                                                  8
by sellers of property against a land surveyor who negligently prepared a plat for the purchasers
because he had full knowledge that the survey was to be used for describing the property in the
warranty deed upon which both the sellers and buyers would rely. Tartera v. Palumbo, 224 Tenn.
262, 453 S.W.2d 780 (Tenn. 1970). Thus, the lack of a binding contract will not defeat the Elvis
act’s claim.

        It is undisputed that Ms. Thrasher was acting in the course of her employment and in a
transaction on behalf of her employer who had a pecuniary interest in the transaction. Whether she
supplied faulty information is disputed. The Elvis act asserts that Ms. Thrasher told Mr. Cassell and
Gordon Stoker, the Jordanaires’ agent, that the Atlanta arrangements were firm. Mr. Cassell testified
that Ms. Thrasher repeatedly assured him that Opryland “was the guarantor of the date, [and] the date
was good.” He reiterated:

       Ms. Thrasher told me from – like I said, from January on, ‘We’re the guarantor of the
       dates. We’re guaranteeing the dates. The dates are good. We’re the ones that are
       responsible.’ So I had no reason to doubt that Opryland was not of the feeling –
       because I don’t think, unless Mr. Gaylord has changed his operating procedures, that
       he would put money out for something just to be throwing money out; that he would
       see money coming in. So, it was my impression that whatever they were doing with
       that event down there, that was on their end of the working deal and they were
       working with that individual to make sure they were going to be paid thereafter so
       that they could pay on this side. And I was not told until around the first of June that
       the date was off; that they didn’t have the venue. That was the first time I had heard
       the whole thing was dead, gone, over. It was not going to happen.

        Mr. Stoker testified that Ms. Thrasher informed him that the people in Atlanta had sent
Opryland a partial payment before the dates. He stated, “Jan always, always assured me this is a
good deal, that she was excited about it and, you know, everything was a sure thing.” He testified
that he talked with Ms. Thrasher “at least four or five times” between October 1995 and the point
when she told him the deal was off and “every time I talked with her she was always excited about
it, always said everything was on go, everything looked good . . . every time I talked to her she
always assured me everything to be, you know, as it should be . . . She always assured me, ‘Gordon,
don’t you worry. We’re going to take care of you. You’re going to get paid. No problem at all.
Don’t you worry about it.’ She said, ‘We stand behind’ – the exact words she told me, more than
once, ‘We stand behind our deal.’” The fact that Mr. Stoker had known Ms. Thrasher for some time
because she and Mr. Stoker’s sons had worked together and were “very close friends” gave her
additional credibility in his eyes.

        In her affidavit, Ms. Thrasher stated that she advised Mr. Cassell that the Atlanta venue had
not been secured in December 1995, soon after she received that information. She claimed that
“[w]hen the venue had not been secured by March 1996, I told Mr. Cassell that his artists should not
hold the July 1996 dates unless they were willing to risk losing them if the venue was not ultimately
secured.” She denied telling Mr. Cassell, Mr. Cummins, or Mr. Stoker that the dates were

                                                  9
guaranteed.

        Opryland argues that the information at issue cannot provide a basis for negligent
misrepresentation because it does not consist of statements of a material past or present fact. Instead,
it contends the information at issue are merely statements about a future intent to perform.

       Without question, Tennessee courts require that the false information consist of statements
of a material past or present fact. McElroy v. Boise Cascade Corp., 632 S.W.2d 127, 130 (Tenn. Ct.
App. 1982). “[T]he tort of negligent misrepresentation cannot be based on conjecture, statements
of opinion, puffing and sales talk, or representations of future events.” Glanton v. Beckley, No.
01A01-9606-CV-00283, 1996 WL 709373 at * 9 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 11, 1996) (Koch, J.,
concurring) (no Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed).

         In Glanton, this court determined that an investor could recover from a property owner who
assured her that $1,600 per month in rental fees would be available to cover renovation and
maintenance costs. See id. at * 6. In analyzing this result, the concurrence discussed the requirement
that the information at issue be limited to past and present facts. It explained that the investor’s
success hinged on her testimony that the property owner told her that he expected that their monthly
rental income after renovating the house would be $1,600 because he and three of his associates had
agreed to lease the space for $400 per month each. See id. at * 9.

         While the statements concerning the anticipated rental income involved future
         events, they were based on the present fact that Mr. Glanton and his three associates
         had already agreed to lease offices in the building once it was renovated. The
         representations concerning these existing agreements involve a present or past fact
         and, therefore, support a claim for negligent misrepresentation.

Id.

        This same reasoning applies here. Mr. Stoker testified that while assuring him of the viability
of their agreement, Ms. Thrasher stated that the people in Atlanta confirmed the deal by sending
Opryland a partial payment before the dates. While the alleged statements concerning the anticipated
guarantee of payment and the viability of the deal involved future events, they were based at least
in part on the alleged present fact that the people in Atlanta had already committed funds to the
project. The representations concerning the partial payment involve a present or past fact and,
therefore, are sufficient to support a claim for negligent misrepresentation.1

         1
          We are unpersuaded by the Elvis act’s contention that Ms. Thrasher’s silence about securing the venue
constitutes additional proof of negligent misrepresentation. Non disclosure can provide a basis for misrepresentation
only where the re is a duty to disc lose. See Axline v. Kutner, 863 S.W .2d 421 , 423 (T enn. Ct. Ap p. 1993 ). The Elv is
act has pointed to no authority imposing such a duty in this case.

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       The Elvis act contends that if, as she attested, Ms. Thrasher knew that the arrangements for
the venue were not finalized, her continued assurances that the contract was binding and the date was
good were actionable. Whether Ms. Thrasher exercised reasonable care in obtaining or
communicating that Opryland would honor their agreement remains a disputed fact precluding
summary judgment.

        Opryland argues that the Elvis act cannot establish the element of justifiable reliance because
the Elvis act never relied on the status of the Atlanta deal. For this proposition, they rely on Mr.
Cassell’s testimony that he believed Opryland was going to buy the talent and resell it to parties in
Atlanta. We cannot agree that Mr. Cassell’s testimony necessarily precludes a finding of reasonable
reliance, in light of the testimony regarding Ms. Thrasher’s assurances and the evidence that the
Elvis act turned down offers for other bookings during the time period at issue.

        Opryland further argues that the Elvis act’s reliance was not reasonable because no contract
was ever executed. This Court has previously recognized that the reasonableness of a plaintiff's
reliance on an alleged misrepresentation is generally a question of fact inappropriate for summary
judgment. City State Bank v. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc., 948 S.W.2d 729, 737 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1996). In light of Ms. Thrasher’s alleged assurances and Opryland’s exclusive control of
information about the viability of the Atlanta engagement, we believe the issue of the reasonableness
of the Elvis act’s reliance cannot be determined as a matter of law. City State Bank, 948 S.W.2d at
737.

        Accordingly, the order granting summary judgment to Opryland is affirmed in part as to the
contract claim and reversed in part as to the negligent misrepresentation claim. Costs of this appeal
are to be divided equally between the parties. The case is remanded to the trial court for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.

                                                       ____________________________________
                                                       PATRICIA J. COTTRELL, JUDGE

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