Court Opinion

ID: 2713827
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-08-05 21:01:24.967339+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:17:06.467460
License: Public Domain

Filed 8/5/14 HP Production v. McDonald CA2/4
                    NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or
ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for
purposes of rule 8.1115.

                IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                          SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                        DIVISION FOUR

HP PRODUCTION, INC.,                                                              B252175

          Plaintiff and Respondent,                                               (Los Angeles County
                                                                                  Super. Ct. No. SS023595)
          v.

DEANNE MCDONALD,

          Defendant and Appellant.

          APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County,
Allan J. Goodman, Judge. Affirmed.
          Lavely & Singer, Martin D. Singer and Allison S. Hart for Plaintiff and
Respondent.
          Deanne McDonald, in pro. per., for Defendant and Appellant.
                                          _____________________________
         Defendant Deanne McDonald appeals from a judgment confirming an arbitration
award. Finding no error, we affirm.

                                      BACKGROUND
         The parties to this litigation are plaintiff and respondent HP Production, Inc. (HP),
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and defendant and appellant McDonald. HP is owned by Adam Sandler, and is managed
by his brother Scott Sandler, neither of whom is a party to this action. HP employs and
pays the individuals who work for Adam Sandler.
         In 2009, HP employed McDonald to work as a nanny for Adam Sandler’s
children. After her employment ended, she raised employment-related claims against HP
that were resolved in 2010 pursuant to a confidential settlement agreement. Pursuant to
the settlement agreement, HP paid $80,000, of which $48,000 was paid directly to
McDonald and $32,000 was paid to her attorneys; in return, McDonald agreed not to
disclose confidential information and not to disparage HP or the Sandlers.
         The settlement agreement called for binding arbitration of any future disputes
between McDonald and HP, including any claims arising from alleged unauthorized
disclosure of confidential information, or the alleged breach, nonperformance,
enforcement, interpretation or validity of the settlement agreement. The settlement
agreement authorized the arbitrator to impose any and all legal or equitable remedies,
including injunctive relief, damages, punitive damages, and specific performance. The
settlement agreement specified that the arbitration was to be conducted by Judicial
Arbitration and Mediation Services Endispute (JAMS), with all costs, fees, and expenses
to be borne pursuant to JAMS rules, subject to reassessment in favor of the prevailing
party.

         1
         McDonald, who is in propria persona, designated a limited record on appeal. HP
moved to augment the record to include the parties’ arbitration agreement, the arbitrator’s
final award, HP’s motion to confirm the arbitrator’s award, McDonald’s opposition to the
petition, and HP’s reply to the opposition. We granted the motion to augment, which
McDonald did not oppose.
                                               2
       In 2013, McDonald purported to terminate and rescind the settlement agreement
and threatened to sue HP and Scott Sandler. In response, HP filed a demand for
arbitration with JAMS. After McDonald accused HP and Sandler of criminal activity,
slavery, and legal malpractice, HP demanded that she cease disclosing confidential
information and cease disparaging HP and the Sandlers. HP also cautioned her against
filing a lawsuit in violation of the mandatory arbitration provision of the settlement
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agreement.
       The matter proceeded to arbitration before JAMS arbitrator Diane Wayne, a
retired superior court judge. The arbitrator issued a final award in which she concluded
that McDonald had breached the settlement agreement by repudiating it, disclosing
confidential information, disparaging HP and its principals, and threatening to sue Scott
Sandler. The final award: (1) ordered McDonald to return to HP the $48,000 that she
had received pursuant to the 2010 settlement agreement; (2) permanently enjoined and
restrained her from filing a lawsuit related to this case against HP and its principals,
employees, agents, or representatives, including the Sandlers, and disclosing
“confidential information” as that term is defined in the settlement agreement; and (3)
directed that she pay HP its attorney fees and costs incurred in the arbitration in the
amount of $33,265.50. That amount included the fees paid to JAMS by HP.
       HP petitioned to confirm the arbitration award and enter judgment accordingly. It
sought prejudgment interest, costs, and attorney fees, as well as the entry of a permanent
injunction in accordance with the award. In opposition, McDonald sought to vacate the
award on the grounds that HP had breached the settlement agreement, and that the
agreement was unconscionable and not supported by adequate consideration. HP argued
in reply that McDonald had failed to identify any ground to vacate the award under Code

       2
      In her opening brief, McDonald attached a complaint that she said was filed in
New Hampshire against Scott Sandler for alleged breach of the settlement agreement (the
New Hampshire complaint). The record contains no information concerning the New
Hampshire complaint, and we express no opinion regarding it.

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of Civil Procedure section 1286.2. HP also argued that, pursuant to section 1293.2, it
was entitled to its costs and attorney fees under the contract as the prevailing party in the
arbitration.
       No appearance was made by McDonald, who was self-represented. The trial court
granted the petition and entered judgment in favor of HP in accordance with the final
award. The judgment awarded HP $48,000, plus $33,265.50 in attorney fees incurred in
the arbitration. McDonald timely appealed from the judgment.

                                         DISCUSSION
       McDonald contends the judgment confirming the arbitration award must be
reversed, for six reasons. First, the $33,265.50 attorney fee award was “exorbitant,”
“obscene,” and entirely unsupported by any billing records in the trial court. Second, HP
and Adam Sandler breached the settlement agreement for the reasons stated in the New
Hampshire complaint. Third, the arbitration clause in the settlement agreement was
unconscionable because it required her to pay fees that she cannot afford. Fourth, in light
of the disparity in the net worth of the parties, there was inadequate consideration for the
settlement agreement. Fifth, McDonald is entitled to rescind the settlement agreement
because she signed it while under economic duress. And sixth, the trial court had no
authority to issue an injunction.
       Under section 1286.2, the only grounds on which a court may vacate an arbitration
award are the following: (1) the award was procured by corruption, fraud or other undue
means; (2) there was corruption by an arbitrator; (3) the rights of the party were
substantially prejudiced by misconduct of a neutral arbitrator; (4) the arbitrators exceeded
their powers and the award cannot be corrected without affecting the merits of the
decision upon the controversy submitted; (5) the rights of the party were substantially
prejudiced by the refusal of the arbitrators to postpone the hearing upon sufficient cause
being shown therefor or by the refusal of the arbitrators to hear evidence material to the

       3
           All further statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.
                                                4
controversy or by other misconduct of the arbitrators; (6) an arbitrator making the award
either failed to disclose within the required time for disclosure a ground for
disqualification of which the arbitrator was then aware, or was subject to disqualification
upon grounds specified in section 1281.91 but failed upon receipt of a timely demand to
disqualify himself or herself as required by that provision.
       McDonald’s contentions—that the fee award was excessive and that HP had
breached the settlement agreement, which was unconscionable, subject to rescission and
not supported by adequate consideration—are not subject to judicial review. Because the
trial court correctly refrained from reaching those issues, McDonald is precluded from
raising them as grounds for reversal on appeal. “Judicial review of an arbitrator’s award
is very limited because of the strong public policy in favor of private arbitration. (Board
of Education v. Round Valley Teachers Assn. (1996) 13 Cal.4th 269, 275; Moncharsh v.
Heily & Blase (1992) 3 Cal.4th 1, 8–13 (Moncharsh).) As a general rule, the courts may
not review an arbitrator’s decision for errors of fact or law. (Cable Connection, Inc. v.
DIRECTV, Inc. (2008) 44 Cal.4th 1334, 1361 . . . .) A contractual arbitration agreement
gives the arbitrator the power to decide the historical facts, the relevant law and the
interpretation and validity of the contract. (See id. at p. 1360 ; Burlage v. Superior Court
(2009) 178 Cal.App.4th 524, 529 (Burlage ).) Inherent in this power is the possibility the
arbitrator may make legal or factual errors. (Burlage, at p. 529.) An arbitration award
ordinarily will not be vacated due to such error because the arbitrator’s resolution of the
issues is what the parties bargained for. (Ibid.)” (Cotchett, Pitre & McCarthy v.
Universal Paragon Corp. (2010) 187 Cal.App.4th 1405, 1416.)
       As to McDonald’s final contention—that the arbitrator was not authorized to issue,
and the trial court was not authorized to confirm, an injunction that prohibited her from
suing HP—we conclude that such authorization was provided by the parties’ agreement.
According to the arbitration clause, the arbitrator was authorized to impose any and all
legal or equitable remedies, including injunctive relief. An arbitrator’s powers “‘derive
from, and are limited by, the agreement to arbitrate. (Moncharsh, supra, 3 Cal.4th at
p. 8.) “Although . . . section 1286.2 permits the court to vacate an award that exceeds the

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arbitrator’s powers, the deference due an arbitrator’s decision on the merits of the
controversy requires a court to refrain from substituting its judgment for the arbitrator’s
in determining the contractual scope of those powers. [Citations.]” ([Advanced Micro
Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp. (1994)] 9 Cal.4th [362,] 372.)’ (Jordan [v. Department of
Motor Vehicles (2002)] 100 Cal.App.4th [431,] 444.)” (Kelly Sutherlin McLeod
Architecture, Inc. v. Schneickert (2011) 194 Cal.App.4th 519, 528–529.) In this case,
because the parties authorized the grant of injunctive relief, we conclude the arbitrator did
not exceed her authority by granting, nor did the trial court exceed its authority by
confirming, injunctive relief. (See Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp., supra,
9 Cal.4th at pp. 390–391 [courts will not review the factual or legal correctness of the
arbitrator’s grant of injunctive relief in light of the inherently flexible nature of equitable
remedies, the principle of arbitral finality, and the related principle that remedies
available to a court are only the minimum available to an arbitrator unless restricted by
agreement].)

                                       DISPOSITION
       The judgment is affirmed. HP is awarded its costs on appeal.
       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

                                                   EPSTEIN, P. J.
We concur:

       WILLHITE, J.                                EDMON, J.*

        *Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant
to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.
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