Court Opinion

ID: 2814824
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-07-07 15:09:44.811631+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:30:33.555199
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
                                                                   Jul 07 2015, 9:50 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Octavia Florence Snulligan                                Roberta L. Ross
Indianapolis, Indiana                                     Ross & Brunner
                                                          Indianapolis, Indiana

                                             IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Peter D. Nugent,                                          July 7, 2015

Appellant-Petitioner,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                          49A04-1410-DR-466
        v.                                                Appeal from the Marion Superior
                                                          Court.
                                                          The Honorable David Dreyer,
Phyllis N. Nugent,                                        Judge.
Appellee-Respondent                                       Cause No. 49D10-1009-DR-40005

Baker, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1410-DR-466 | July 7, 2015        Page 1 of 9
[1]   Peter Nugent (Father) appeals the trial court’s order denying his petition to

      modify his child support obligation for his remaining minor child with Phyllis

      Nugent (Mother) and awarding Mother attorney fees in the amount of $3,000.

      Finding no error, we affirm.

                                                       Facts
[2]   Father and Mother were married on June 30, 1990. Two children were born of

      the marriage: A.N., born June 29, 1993, and M.N., born February 12, 1996.

      The parties’ marriage was dissolved on April 15, 2011, and pursuant to their

      dissolution decree, Father was to pay weekly child support in the amount of

      $232.55. Appellant’s App. p. 17.

[3]   Father is a self-employed attorney who earns additional income by working as a

      staff attorney for the Legislative Services Agency and by receipt of an annual

      payout from a family-owned business. Mother is a probation officer who was

      employed part-time, at thirty-two hours per week, until 2014, when she became

      a full-time employee working forty hours per week.

[4]   On June 12, 2012, Father filed a petition to emancipate A.N. and to modify his

      child support obligation.1 A.N. was emancipated as a matter of law when she

      turned nineteen on June 29, 2012. These proceedings were continued eleven

      1
       The petition is not included in the record on appeal. We direct counsel’s attention to Indiana Rule of
      Appellate Procedure 50(A)(f), which requires that the appendix contain pleadings and other documents
      necessary for resolution of the issues raised on appeal.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1410-DR-466 | July 7, 2015                Page 2 of 9
times—three at Mother’s request, five at Father’s request, and three at the trial

court’s request. An evidentiary hearing was finally held on March 21 and April

11, 2014. Father requested that the trial court enter findings of fact and

conclusions thereon pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 52.2 On July 17, 2014, the

trial court issued its order denying Father’s petition to modify.3 In pertinent

part, the trial court found and concluded as follows:

         34.      . . . Father’s income in 2011 was $3,022.67 per week. In 2012,
                  Father’s income was $2,644.57 a week. There is insufficient
                  information to determine Father’s income for 2013 but by
                  averaging his income in the two other years where he was
                  working the Legislature and receiving the [annual family
                  business] distribution, the court can income average for 2013
                  and forward. Father’s decision to not submit any tax return or
                  other verification and the wholly unsubstantiated exhibit Father
                  prepared handicaps the court. In addition, Father withheld any
                  information about his [annual family business] distribution.
                  Third, Father chose to not work for the Indiana Legislature for
                  only 2013. By the time of the hearing in March and April 2014,
                  Father was again working for the Legislature.
         35.      Mother’s income for 2011 was $767.46 per week. For 2012,
                  Mother’s income was $770.71 and for 2013 $774.30. Going
                  forward, beginning in 2014, Mother will earn $1,090.82.
                                                     ***
         38.      Taking Father’s income, minus reasonable expenses, and
                  including the income from the [family business] the Court finds

2
  Father has not included his proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law submitted to the trial court in
the record on appeal.
3
  While this order—the order being appealed from—is appended to the back of the appellant’s brief, it is not
included in the Appendix. We direct counsel’s attention to Indiana Rule of Appellate Procedure 50(A)(2)(b),
which requires that the order being appealed from be included in the appendix. We will cite to this order
with consecutive pagination in the appellant’s brief.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1410-DR-466 | July 7, 2015                  Page 3 of 9
                  Father’s gross income for 2013 to be $143,156, for a weekly
                  income of $2,753.00.
         39.      Going forward, Mother’s income is set by Marion County and
                  is $1,090.82 per week.
         40.      There is already a college plan in place for the daughter who is
                  emancipated and said college plan shall remain in full effect.
         41.      Mother is seeking payment of her attorney fees for defending
                  this action.
         42.      The court has broad discretion, based upon I.C. 31-15-10-1 to
                  determine who should be responsible for fees.
         43.      The court finds it appropriate to order Father to pay Mother’s
                  attorney fees in the amount of Six Thousand Dollars
                  ($6,000.00) . . . within thirty (30) days. . . .
                                                    ***
         47.      As none of the figures for any of the years reaches a Twenty
                  percent (20%) change in support, no support modification is
                  appropriate.
Appellant’s Br. p. 25-30. The trial court ordered that Father’s child support

obligation with respect to A.N. ceased as of July 5, 2012, with his responsibility

for her secondary school expenses remaining as set forth in the dissolution

decree. It found that “there is not a Twenty Percent (20%) change in the

amount of support owed by [F]ather to Mother” and denied his petition to

modify. Finally, the trial court ordered Father to pay Mother’s attorney fees in

the amount of $3,000.4 Father now appeals.

4
  There is no explanation in the order for the variance between the $6,000 noted in the findings of fact and
the $3,000 ordered at the end of the order.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1410-DR-466 | July 7, 2015                  Page 4 of 9
                                   Discussion and Decision
                                     I. Standard of Review
[5]   Where, as here, the trial court has entered special findings and conclusions

      thereon pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 52, our standard of review is well

      settled:

              “First, we determine whether the evidence supports the findings and
              second, whether the findings support the judgment. In deference to the
              trial court’s proximity to the issues, we disturb the judgment only
              where there is no evidence supporting the findings or the findings fail
              to support the judgment. We do not reweigh the evidence, but consider
              only the evidence favorable to the trial court’s judgment. Challengers
              must establish that the trial court’s findings are clearly erroneous.
              Findings are clearly erroneous when a review of the record leaves us
              firmly convinced a mistake has been made. However, while we defer
              substantially to findings of fact, we do not do so to conclusions of law.
              Additionally, a judgment is clearly erroneous under Indiana Trial Rule
              52 if it relies on an incorrect legal standard. We evaluate questions of
              law de novo and owe no deference to a trial court’s determination of
              such questions.”
      Kwolek v. Swickard, 944 N.E.2d 564, 570 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011) (quoting McCauley

      v. Harris, 928 N.E.2d 309, 312 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010)).

[6]   We also observe that Father is appealing from the denial of his petition to

      modify, which is a negative judgment. Thus, we will reverse the decision only if

      the evidence is without conflict and all reasonable inferences to be drawn from

      the evidence lead to a conclusion other than that reached by the trial court.

      Capital Drywall Supply, Inc. v. Jai Jagdish, Inc., 934 N.E.2d 1193, 1199 (Ind. Ct.

      App. 2010).

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1410-DR-466 | July 7, 2015   Page 5 of 9
                             II. Modification of Child Support
[7]   Father contends that the trial court erred by denying his petition to modify his

      child support obligation. Modification of a child support order is governed by

      Indiana Code section 31–16–8–1(b), which provides as follows:

              (b)      Except as provided in section 2 of this chapter, modification
                       may be made only:
                       (1)     upon a showing of changed circumstances so substantial
                               and continuing as to make the terms unreasonable; or
                       (2)     upon a showing that:
                               (A)      a party has been ordered to pay an amount in
                                        child support that differs by more than twenty
                                        percent (20%) from the amount that would be
                                        ordered by applying the child support guidelines;
                                        and
                               (B)      the order requested to be modified or revoked
                                        was issued at least twelve (12) months before the
                                        petition requesting modification was filed.
      In this case, as noted above, Father has not included his petition to modify in

      the record on appeal. Therefore, we are unable to discern whether he sought

      modification based upon a showing of changed circumstances or based upon a

      20% variance. His brief on appeal sheds no light on the issue.

[8]   Similarly, Father’s brief on appeal does not set forth the amount he believes he

      should be ordered to pay in child support. Moreover, the record on appeal does

      not contain an updated Child Support Order Worksheet setting forth the figures

      and calculations he contends are correct, nor does it contain his proposed

      findings of fact and conclusions thereon submitted to the trial court. Without

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1410-DR-466 | July 7, 2015    Page 6 of 9
       this information or his petition to modify, we cannot determine the figure he

       believes to be appropriate. We will not endeavor to do his math for him.

[9]    Father’s income has not changed substantially since the dissolution decree was

       entered in 2011. He is still a self-employed attorney, he still works for the

       Legislative Services Agency (with the exception of one year when he chose not

       to do so), and he still receives an annual payout from a family business for

       which he does not work. While the income amounts from these sources vary

       slightly from year to year, there is nothing that has changed substantially since

       2011.5

[10]   The Child Support Order Worksheet supporting Father’s child support

       obligation in the dissolution decree lists Mother’s weekly income as $1,035 in

       2010. Appellant’s App. p. 27. There is some question about the accuracy of

       that figure—it may have been too high. Regardless, that is the figure that was

       used to arrive at Father’s weekly support obligation of $232.55. In 2014, her

       weekly income was $1,090.82—slightly higher than the figure used in the

       dissolution decree, but not by a substantial amount.

       5
        We also note that the primary evidence supporting Father’s calculation of his own income is two pages of
       his own typed notes, with no substantiation of the figures included therein. The trial court was well within its
       discretion to discount this evidence. Additionally, Father made much of the fact that Mother’s attorney did
       not request certain income information from him as part of discovery. Inasmuch as it was his petition to
       modify being considered by the trial court, it was his burden to provide the relevant documents to support his
       case. He failed to do so. Indeed, the only verified documents put into evidence about Father’s income were
       two of his tax returns, which were admitted into evidence by Mother.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1410-DR-466 | July 7, 2015                  Page 7 of 9
[11]   The parties do not dispute the number of overnights credited to Father or the

       amount that Mother pays for M.N.’s health and dental insurance. Given that

       there has not been a significant change in either party’s income since the

       dissolution decree was entered in 2011, there is no basis to conclude that there

       was a substantial and continuing change in circumstances or that the amount of

       child support deviated from the Guidelines by more than 20%. Therefore, we

       find that the trial court did not err by denying Father’s petition to modify his

       child support obligation with respect to M.N.

                                          III. Attorney Fees
[12]   Finally, we address Father's claim that the trial court erred in ordering him to

       pay $3,000.00 in attorney fees to Mother. The trial court ordered the payment

       of fees pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-15-10-1. “When determining

       whether to award attorney’s fees, a trial court ‘must consider such factors as the

       resources of the parties, the relative earning ability of the parties, and other

       factors, which bear on the reasonableness of the award.” Connolly v. Connolly,

       952 N.E.2d 203, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011) (quoting Walters v. Walters, 901

       N.E.2d 508, 515 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009)). This Court has held that “a trial court is

       not required to give reasons for its determination” and that it need not explicitly

       weigh the factors set forth above. Id. at 209.

[13]   In this case, the trial court implicitly weighed the parties’ resources and relative

       earning ability, as well as other factors, such as Father’s annual payout from his

       family business and recent money gained from selling his home. Indeed, much

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1410-DR-466 | July 7, 2015   Page 8 of 9
       of its order discussed precisely those issues. Wife requested $6,000 in attorney

       fees, and the trial court elected to order Father to pay half of her requested

       amount. We cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion when it

       ordered Father to pay a portion of Mother’s attorney fees. 6 See id. (upholding

       attorney fee award where trial court did not explicitly weigh factors but took

       judicial notice of prior orders in the divorce cause, which incorporated those

       factors, and affirming order that wife pay a portion of husband’s attorney fees).

[14]   The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

       Najam, J., and Friedlander, J., concur.

       6
        Although Father makes much of a scrivener’s error contained in the document supporting Mother’s
       attorney fee request, we can only find that the award of $3,000 was well within the scope of the evidence
       presented to the trial court.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1410-DR-466 | July 7, 2015                 Page 9 of 9