Court Opinion

ID: 4186749
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-07-17 19:14:37.277259+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:39:57.611548
License: Public Domain

J-S32018-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    IN THE INTEREST OF: K.F.M.R., A            :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    MINOR                                      :        PENNSYLVANIA
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    APPEAL OF: C.S.A., MOTHER                  :   No. 1979 EDA 2016

                      Appeal from the Decree May 26, 2016
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
                  Family Court at No: CP-51-AP-0000392-2013

BEFORE:      GANTMAN, P.J., STABILE, and FITZGERALD*, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                                 FILED JULY 17, 2017

        C.S.A. (“Mother”) appeals from the decree entered May 26, 2016 in

the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, which involuntarily

terminated her parental rights to her minor daughter, K.F.M.R. (“Child”),

born in February 2011.1 After careful review, we affirm.

        The trial court summarized the relevant factual and procedural history

of this matter as follows.

        On January 9, 2012, the Department of Human Services (DHS)
        received a General Protective Services (GPS) report which
        alleged that [Child] had been admitted to St. Christopher’s
        Hospital for Children on January 4, 2012. It was reported
____________________________________________

*
    Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
  The trial court entered a separate decree that same day, terminating the
parental rights of Child’s father, C.R. (Father). Father did not appeal the
termination of his parental rights, nor did he file a brief in connection with
this appeal.
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     [Child] had an abscess on her thigh which required
     hospitalization for surgery.       [Child’s m]other was initially
     unavailable to sign the necessary authorization forms for
     [Child’s] surgery. The Philadelphia Police [were] enlisted to
     locate [Child’s m]other. Mother signed the forms for [Child] to
     receive medical treatment.       Mother failed to return to the
     hospital to visit [Child]. The report was substantiated.

     On January 11, 2012, DHS learned that [Child] was ready to be
     discharged from St. Christopher’s Hospital and that Mother failed
     to return to [the] hospital after signing medical authorization
     forms for [Child] on January 4, 2012.

     On January 11, 2012, DHS visited Mother’s home. [Child’s]
     father answered the door and stated Mother was not home.
     Father stated [Child’s] sibling was at the home of her uncle, but
     refused to give DHS the name or address of [Child’s] sibling’s
     uncle. DHS observed that approximately ten people were in the
     home at the time of the visit and that Father appeared to be
     under the influence of drugs. Father refused to provide his
     address or any other information. Father had also given DHS
     conflicting information regarding his name.

     On January 11, 2012, DHS obtained an Order of Protective
     Custody (OPC) and [Child] and her sibling were placed in a
     Bethanna foster home.

     At the Shelter Care Hearing held on January 13, 2012, the Court
     lifted the OPC and the temporary commitment to DHS was
     ordered to stand.

     At the Adjudicatory Hearing held on January 23, 2012, the Court
     discharged the temporary commitment, [and] adjudicated
     [Child] dependent . . . .

Trial Court Opinion, 1/31/2017, at 1-2.

     DHS filed a petition to terminate Mother’s parental rights to Child

involuntarily on July 3, 2013. However, due to a series of continuances, a

termination hearing did not take place until May 26, 2016.    Following the

hearing, the trial court entered a decree terminating Mother’s parental

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rights. Mother timely filed a notice of appeal on June 22, 2016, along with a

concise statement of errors complained of on appeal.

      Mother now raises the following issues for our review.

      1. Did Petitioner, DHS, fail to establish by clear and convincing
      evidence that the mother’s [p]arental rights should be
      terminated where the mother was found, at the hearing
      [i]mmediately preceding the termination hearing, to be in full
      compliance with the [p]ermanency plan and only lacked
      housing[?]

      2. Did the trial judge err in terminating the mother’s parental
      rights when she refused to grant Mother’s counsel a continuance
      and opportunity to obtain the proper documentation needed to
      represent Mother, where the actual termination hearing was the
      first time counsel had met with and spoken to his client[?]

Mother’s Brief at 4 (trial court answers omitted).

      We address Mother’s claims mindful of our well-settled standard of

review.

      The standard of review in termination of parental rights cases
      requires appellate courts to accept the findings of fact and
      credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported
      by the record. If the factual findings are supported, appellate
      courts review to determine if the trial court made an error of law
      or abused its discretion. A decision may be reversed for an
      abuse of discretion only upon demonstration of manifest
      unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will. The trial
      court’s decision, however, should not be reversed merely
      because the record would support a different result. We have
      previously emphasized our deference to trial courts that often
      have first-hand observations of the parties spanning multiple
      hearings.

In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa. 2013) (citations and quotation marks

omitted).

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       Termination of parental rights is governed by Section 2511 of the

Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S.A §§ 2101-2938, which requires a bifurcated

analysis.

       Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party
       seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing
       evidence that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory
       grounds for termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if
       the court determines that the parent’s conduct warrants
       termination of his or her parental rights does the court engage in
       the second part of the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b):
       determination of the needs and welfare of the child under the
       standard of best interests of the child. One major aspect of the
       needs and welfare analysis concerns the nature and status of the
       emotional bond between parent and child, with close attention
       paid to the effect on the child of permanently severing any such
       bond.

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).

       In this case, the trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights

pursuant to Section 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). We need only agree

with the court as to any one subsection of Section 2511(a) in order to affirm.

In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc), appeal

denied, 863 A.2d 1141 (Pa. 2004). Here, we analyze the court’s decision to

terminate under Section 2511(a)(2) which provides as follows.2

____________________________________________

2
  In her concise statement of errors complained of on appeal, statement of
questions involved, and in the argument section of her brief, Mother
challenges the trial court’s finding that she failed to comply with her Single
Case Plan (SCP) objectives. Mother does not make an effort to challenge the
court’s finding that terminating her parental rights will serve Child’s needs
and welfare. Therefore, we conclude that Mother preserved a challenge as
to Section 2511(a) only, and that any challenge to Section 2511(b) is
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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      (a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child
      may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
      grounds:

                                            ***

              (2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,
              neglect or refusal of the parent has caused the child
              to be without essential parental care, control or
              subsistence necessary for his physical or mental
              well-being and the conditions and causes of the
              incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will
              not be remedied by the parent.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2).

      This Court has discussed our analysis pursuant to Section 2511(a)(2)

as follows.

      In order to terminate parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A.
      § 2511(a)(2), the following three elements must be met: (1)
      repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal; (2)
      such incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal has caused the child to
      be without essential parental care, control or subsistence
      necessary for his physical or mental well-being; and (3) the
      causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will
      not be remedied.

In re Adoption of M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1272 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation

omitted).     “The grounds for termination due to parental incapacity that

cannot be remedied are not limited to affirmative misconduct.         To the

contrary, those grounds may include acts of refusal as well as incapacity to

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

waived. See In re M.Z.T.M.W., 2017 WL 2153892, at *3 (Pa. Super. May
17, 2017) (holding that the appellant waived her challenge to Section
2511(b) by failing to include it in her concise statement and statement of
question involved, and that the appellant abandoned any challenge to
Section 2511(a)(2) and (5)).

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perform parental duties.”    In re A.L.D., 797 A.2d 326, 337 (Pa. Super.

2002) (citations omitted).

     Instantly, Mother argues that the trial court erred by terminating her

parental rights, because she was found to be in full compliance with her

permanency plan during a review hearing held on January 9, 2016. Mother’s

Brief at 7, 10.    Mother argues that the only thing she lacked was stable

housing.   Id.    Mother contends that her compliance level was changed to

moderate during the termination hearing without sufficient explanation, and

that the court terminated her parental rights based largely on Mother’s

failure to produce documentation in support of her testimony. Id. at 7, 11.

     In its opinion, the trial court found that Child has been placed in foster

care for thirty-nine months, and that Mother failed to complete her SCP

objectives “in a way that would permit reunification to occur.” Trial Court

Opinion, 1/31/2017, at 6. The court further found that psychologist, William

Russell, Ph.D., conducted a parenting capacity evaluation of Mother, and

that Mother failed to address the concerns raised by Dr. Russell. Id.

     Our review of the record supports the trial court’s findings. During the

termination hearing, Dr. Russell testified that he completed his parenting

capacity evaluation of Mother in April 2015.    N.T., 5/26/2016, at 15.    Dr.

Russell explained that he identified several concerns during his evaluation,

but that his biggest concern was Mother’s failure to understand how her

actions impact Child.    Id. at 17.   Dr. Russell also noted Mother’s mental

health issues, substance abuse history, history of unstable housing, and her

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history of using drug sales and her children’s Supplemental Security Income

(“SSI”) to support herself.   Id. at 17-18.    Dr. Russell summarized his

conclusions as follows.

      If you look at the history, the history of the parenting with no
      income, with unstable housing, with drug sales, with substance
      abuse. [Mother] has a long standing substance abuse issue.
      She’s told me that she started smoking marijuana when she was
      about 15 years old and had smoked daily up until recently. She
      was also using PCP and crack cocaine. So she had a fairly strong
      substance abuse issue. She had told me at the time of my
      evaluation she was getting into D[rug] and A[lcohol] treatment.
      She had had a drug and alcohol evaluation done a couple of
      months before my report where it was clearly recommended that
      she needed treatment. All these factors combined do not make
      a safe environment for children.

Id. at 19.

      In order to address these concerns, Dr. Russell recommended that

Mother obtain a legal source of income, such as employment or SSI, as well

as stable housing.   Id. at 19-20.   Dr. Russell further recommended that

Mother attend individual mental health therapy, as well as drug and alcohol

treatment with frequent urine screens. Id. at 20.

      The trial court also heard the testimony of Community Umbrella

Agency caseworker, Khaliah Moody. Ms. Moody testified that she was

assigned to this case in October 2014.        Id. at 28-29.    Mother was

incarcerated at that time, as a result of drug convictions and a parole

violation, and was not released until December 2015.    Id. at 29, 33. Ms.

Moody explained that Mother was asked to complete a series of SCP

objectives, which included obtaining suitable housing, meeting Child’s basic

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needs by providing food and clothing, participating in a drug and alcohol

evaluation, complying with recommendations from the provider, achieving

and maintaining recovery from drug and alcohol abuse, “sign[ing] any and

all evaluations” for Child “including physical health, vision, hearing and

dental problems,” complying with Child’s Individual Family Service Plan,

attending visitation, completing job training, and staying employed. Id. at

31-32, 51. Mother also was court-ordered to complete a parenting capacity

evaluation and a bonding evaluation with Child. Id. at 32.

     Concerning Mother’s progress in completing these objectives, Ms.

Moody rated Mother’s compliance as moderate.        Id. at 37.    Ms. Moody

testified that Mother completed a parenting capacity evaluation and a

bonding evaluation, and attended her visits with Child consistently.   Id. at

32, 38.   However, Ms. Moody reported that Mother failed to address a

number of her other objectives, and questioned Mother’s ability to provide

Child with safety and permanency. Id. at 37.

     With respect to housing, Ms. Moody testified that Mother was

discharged unsuccessfully from the Achieving Reunification Center’s housing

program on three occasions since October 2014.      Id. at 32.    Ms. Moody

explained that Mother currently has housing.      Id. at 33.     Ms. Moody’s

coworker conducted an assessment of Mother’s housing, and deemed it to

be appropriate. Id. Despite this assessment, Ms. Moody expressed concern

that the people Mother resides with have “multiple drug offenses on the

record,” even though those offenses are “non-prohibitive.” Id.

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      Concerning Mother’s substance abuse issues, Ms. Moody testified that

Mother attends drug and alcohol treatment at Casa de Consejeria.       Id. at

35. However, Ms. Moody reported that she recently received an e-mail from

Mother’s counselor, indicating that Mother has not attended treatment since

April 21, 2016, more than a month before the hearing, and that Mother had

two positive drug screens for which she did not provide a prescription. Id.

Casa de Consejeria did not inform Ms. Moody what Mother tested positive

for, but did inform her that the positive drug screens took place on February

29, 2016, and April 21, 2016. Id. Ms. Moody noted that Mother’s drugs of

choice include benzodiazepines, crack cocaine, PCP, and pills. Id. at 34-35.

      Although Ms. Moody did not list mental health treatment as an

objective for Mother, she expressed concern regarding Mother’s mental

health status. Id. at 34. Ms. Moody explained that Mother attends mental

health treatment at Citywide, and that she received a January 2016 progress

report regarding Mother’s treatment. Id. Mother’s progress report indicated

that Mother “was reporting of hearing voices, snapping out a lot.” Id. Ms.

Moody also received a February 2016 progress report, which indicated that

Mother was “seeking more benzos.” Id.

      Thus, the record establishes that Mother remains incapable of

parenting Child safely, despite nearly four and a half years of opportunities.

Mother continues to test positive for substances for which she does not have

a prescription, and resides in a home with other individuals who have a

history of drug offenses. Mother also suffers from significant mental health

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concerns. It was within the trial court’s discretion to conclude that Child’s

life should no longer be put on hold for the benefit of Mother. As this Court

has stated, “a child’s life cannot be held in abeyance while a parent attempts

to attain the maturity necessary to assume parenting responsibilities. The

court cannot and will not subordinate indefinitely a child’s need for

permanence and stability to a parent’s claims of progress and hope for the

future.” In re Adoption of R.J.S., 901 A.2d 502, 513 (Pa. Super. 2006).

      In her second issue, Mother contends that the trial court erred by

failing to grant her counsel’s request for a continuance, so that she could

gather   documentation    demonstrating      her   compliance   with   her   SCP

objectives.

      Because a trial court has broad discretion regarding whether a
      request for continuance should be granted, we will not disturb its
      decision absent an apparent abuse of that discretion. An abuse
      of discretion is more than just an error in judgment and, on
      appeal, the trial court will not be found to have abused its
      discretion unless the record discloses that the judgment
      exercised was manifestly unreasonable, or the results of
      partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will.

In re J.K., 825 A.2d 1277, 1280 (Pa. Super. 2003), appeal denied, 835 A.2d

710 (Pa. 2003) (citations and quotation marks omitted).

      In her brief, Mother explains that she previously was represented by

different counsel, and that her current counsel was not appointed until

January 2016.    Mother’s Brief at 12.       Mother explains that her counsel

attempted to contact her “by letter and by phone” after being appointed, but

that he “never got any response.      Counsel didn’t know if Mother would

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actually show up for the hearing.” Id. As a result, the termination hearing

was the first time that counsel had the opportunity to meet with Mother and

discuss her case.      Id.   Mother also contends that, since the termination

hearing was her counsel’s first appearance on her behalf, he should not have

been held responsible for any prior continuances. Id. at 13.

         The trial court explained that it denied Mother’s request for a

continuance because the case already had been continued repeatedly, and

because further continuing the matter would only delay permanency for

Child.     Trial Court Opinion, 1/31/2017, at 7.     The court explained that

counsel for Mother received his letter of appointment in February 2016, and

that he had three months to meet with Mother and prepare for the

termination hearing. Id.

         We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion.   At the

outset, Mother appeared at the May 26, 2016 termination hearing, and it is

undisputed that she had notice of the proceedings.      Moreover, as observed

by the court in its opinion, Mother’s counsel had months to meet with her

and prepare. To the extent Mother was not prepared to proceed with the

hearing, Mother’s brief establishes that this was her own doing, as she failed

to return her counsel’s letters and phone calls. Notably, Mother had years to

gather documentation for the hearing, as it was continued repeatedly since

2013. The record supports the court’s conclusion that permanency for Child

should not be delayed any longer, given that Mother had no reasonable

justification for not being prepared to proceed with the termination hearing

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on May 26, 2016, and given that the case had already been continued

numerous times.

      Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse

its discretion by involuntarily terminating Mother’s parental rights to Child,

or by denying Mother’s request for a continuance. Therefore, we affirm the

court’s May 26, 2016 decree.

     Decree affirmed.
Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/17/2017

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