Court Opinion

ID: 9400170
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-06-07 16:06:36.549697+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:19:42.646954
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                    No. 23-0122
                                Filed June 7, 2023

ALEXIS FICEK,
     Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

RONALD MORGAN III,
     Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Celene Gogerty, Judge.

      A father appeals the district court’s order on remand of his petition to modify

visitation. AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED.

      Ronald Morgan, Newton, self-represented appellant.

      Elizabeth Kellner-Nelson of Kellner-Nelson Law Firm, West Des Moines, for

appellee.

      Considered by Schumacher, P.J., and Chicchelly and Buller, JJ.
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CHICCHELLY, Judge.

       Ronald (Ronnie) Morgan appeals the district court’s order on remand of his

petition to modify visitation with two minor children, A.M. and E.M. Ronnie alleges

that the court’s holiday visitation schedule is not in the children’s best interests and

that the children’s mother, Alexis Ficek, should share responsibility for

transportation to and from visitation. Upon our de novo review, we affirm the

court’s decision with respect to visitation but modify the order such that the

responsibility for transportation shall be shared. We decline Alexis’s request for

appellate attorney fees.

   I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

       The facts are substantially as we set them out in Ronnie’s last appeal:

                Ronnie and Alexis were never married but have two minor
       children together, A.M., born in 2011, and E.M., born in 2013. In
       2015, the court entered a decree establishing paternity, child
       custody, visitation, and support. Ronnie and Alexis were awarded
       joint legal custody. Alexis was awarded physical care subject to
       Ronnie’s scheduled visitation, which included alternating weekends
       and overnights during the week. The court ordered Ronnie to pay
       $667.92 per month in child support and provide health insurance for
       the children.
                Ronnie began using opiates in approximately 2017 and later
       developed an addiction to heroin. He entered an in-patient treatment
       facility in early 2019, but upon his departure, Ronnie relapsed and
       overdosed while the children were in his care. The children found
       him unresponsive and called a grandparent for assistance. Ronnie
       re-entered in-patient treatment in July and eventually transitioned to
       a sober living house from August into October. Ronnie relapsed
       upon his release but maintains he has remained sober since October
       27, 2019 and no longer requires any form of treatment.
                After Ronnie’s overdose in the children’s presence, Alexis
       filed an application for modification of the court’s 2015 decree.
       Ronnie did not participate in the modification case, and the court
       entered a default judgment in November 2019. The court awarded
       sole legal custody to Alexis and left Ronnie’s visitation rights up to
       Alexis’s discretion—with visitation to occur as deemed to be in the
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         best interests of the children and under the supervision of Alexis, a
         professional supervisor, or a third party chosen by Alexis.
                 Since then, Alexis and Ronnie’s co-parenting relationship has
         remained rocky.        As the district court noted, “they bicker
         inappropriately when discussing the children” and “clearly do not
         agree on many issues.” Ronnie faults Alexis for, among other things,
         not being more liberal with his visitation, limiting his phone
         communication with the children, and over-enrolling the children in
         extracurricular activities—particularly during the time they have
         agreed to set aside for his visitation.1 Alexis likewise faults Ronnie
         for a number of issues, including inconsistent and cancelled visits,
         lack of attendance at therapy sessions, and “hostile” communication.
                 At the same time, Ronnie has started down a better path in
         many ways. He provided five clean drug tests in the two years
         between the default modification order and the modification trial
         presently under review. Although Ronnie struggled to work and fell
         behind in child support during the height of his addiction, he has
         maintained steady employment since April 2021. He is married, and
         his wife’s three children reside in their home part-time. Ronnie is
         afforded regular, unsupervised, and overnight visitation with his
         eldest child, R.M., born out of a different relationship in 2008.
                 In December 2020, Ronnie filed a petition for modification,
         alleging a substantial change in circumstances since the default
         order. After a bench trial in November 2021, the court ordered the
         modified paternity order from 2019 to remain in full force and effect,
         except that the provision requiring supervision of Ronnie’s visitation
         be deleted.

Ficek v. Morgan, No. 22-0217, 2022 WL 4361747, at *1–2 (Iowa Ct. App. Sept. 21,

2022).

         In that appeal, we determined the district court acted equitably and in the

children’s best interests by refusing to confer legal custody or decrease child

support for Ronnie. While we also agreed with the court’s decision to remove the

supervision requirement for Ronnie’s visitation, we disagreed that his visitation

should be left entirely to Alexis’s discretion. Therefore, “we remand[ed] to the

1 The parties have engaged in mediation on at least two occasions. Most recently,
they agreed in May 2021 that Ronnie shall have parenting time with the children
every Saturday from 10:00 a.m. until 7:00 p.m.
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district court to set a gradual visitation schedule for Ronnie that progresses, over

a period of no more than six months, to every other weekend from Friday at

5:00 p.m. until Sunday at 5:00 p.m., as well as additional visitation on a weekday

or worknight, the details of which shall be set by the district court upon

consideration of the children’s best interests.”

       On remand, the district court set a visitation schedule consistent with our

opinion and ordered that Ronnie would be solely responsible for transportation for

his visitation. In December 2022, Ronnie filed a motion to reconsider, requesting

the court also put in place a holiday visitation schedule and modify the

transportation arrangement. The court found a holiday visitation schedule would

be in the children’s best interests and ordered the following schedule to go into

effect after completion of the six-month graduated schedule, which was anticipated

to end on March 31, 2023.

 Holiday                        Even Years               Odd Years

 Easter – 10:00 a.m. to         Respondent               Petitioner
 2:00 p.m.
 Mother’s day – 10:00 a.m.      Petitioner               Petitioner
 to 2:00 p.m.
 Memorial day – 10:00 a.m.      Petitioner               Respondent
 to 2:00 p.m.
 Father’s day – 10:00 a.m.      Respondent               Respondent
 to 2:00 p.m.
 Labor day – 10:00 a.m. to      Respondent               Petitioner
 2:00 p.m.
 Thanksgiving day –             Petitioner               Respondent
 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
 Christmas Eve –                Respondent               Petitioner
 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
 Christmas Day –                Petitioner               Respondent
 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
 New Year’s Eve –               Respondent               Petitioner
 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
                                             5

The court also denied Ronnie’s motion with regard to transportation. Ronnie filed

a timely appeal.

   II. Review.

       Our review of custody proceedings for a child born out of wedlock is de

novo. Lambert v. Everist, 418 N.W.2d 40, 42 (Iowa 1988). We give weight to the

district court’s factual findings and credibility determinations, though we are not

bound by them. Id.; Iowa R. App. P. 6.907. “Prior cases have little precedential

value, except to provide a framework for analysis, and we must base our decision

on the particular facts and circumstances before us.” In re Marriage of Will, 489

N.W.2d 394, 397 (Iowa 1992).

   III. Discussion.

       Ronnie requests that we award him a more generous holiday visitation

schedule, which either reflects that of the original 2015 decree or the proposed

holiday schedule included in his recent motion to reconsider, enlarge, or amend.

Essentially, he wishes to add additional holidays to the schedule and enjoy more

time with the children on each holiday. He also asks for extended visitation during

the children’s summer break, which was previously afforded under the parties’

2015 decree. In evaluating Ronnie’s request, we look first and foremost to the best

interests of the children. See In re Marriage of Brainard, 523 N.W.2d 611, 615

(Iowa Ct. App. 1994) (“Although liberal visitation is the benchmark, our governing

consideration in defining visitation rights is the best interests of the children, not

those of the parent seeking visitation.”).

       We find the district court’s order is consistent with our direction on remand,

which was to support the children’s best interests with a slow and steady approach
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to increased visitation.    Ronnie may not enjoy the visitation he was initially

afforded, but consistency will be key—both for his well-being and sobriety and in

his relationship with the children. We remind the parties that the court-ordered

visitation schedule is the minimum, and additional visits may occur as may be

mutually agreed to by the parties. In re Marriage of Bevers, 326 N.W.2d 896, 899

(Iowa 1982). Ultimately, we affirm the district court’s order with respect to holiday

and summer visitation.

       As for the transportation arrangement, Ronnie requests that we enter an

order requiring that he and Alexis share the burden. Ronnie argues the present

allocation is a financial hardship and is inequitable because he earns less income

than Alexis. See In re Marriage of Lambert, No. 10–1495, 2011 WL 1584585, at

*4 (Iowa Ct. App. Apr. 27, 2011) (affirming the allocation of all transportation costs

to one parent when supported by a disparity in income levels); Erdman v. Vopava,

No. 15–1030, 2016 WL 1358968, at *5 (Iowa Ct. App. Apr. 6, 2016) (declining to

impose a greater share of the transportation costs on the party who voluntarily

moved out of state when the other parent could not demonstrate a disparity in

income). He points out that both parents have reliable transportation and jobs that

allow flexibility in transporting the children. They live approximately thirty-five to

forty-five minutes apart.

       Ronnie also contends that splitting transportation to and from visits will

maximize the children’s quality time with him and be beneficial for them to see their

parents supporting each other’s relationship with the children. We agree and

determine transportation obligations should be shared. We therefore modify the

decree so that the receiving parent is responsible for transporting the children.
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       Alexis requests that Ronnie be ordered to pay her appellate attorney fees.

An award of attorney fees is a matter of our discretion and not merely a matter of

course. In re Marriage of Benson, 545 N.W.2d 252, 258 (Iowa 1996). “We are to

consider the needs of the party making the request, the ability of the other party to

pay, and whether the party making the request was obligated to defend the district

court’s decision on appeal.” In re Marriage of Ales, 592 N.W.2d 698, 703 (Iowa

1999). Given the comparable financial positions of the parties and merits of the

arguments on appeal, we decline to award appellate attorney fees to Alexis.

       AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED.