Court Opinion

ID: 2987983
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-23 01:00:17.763638+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:49:52.313964
License: Public Domain

Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed January 10, 2013.

                                      In The

                    Fourteenth Court of Appeals

                              NO. 14-12-00832-CV

 NABILCO INC. and D. HOUSTON, INC. D/B/A TREASURES, Appellants

                                        V.

     THE STATE OF TEXAS and THE CITY OF HOUSTON, Appellees

                   On Appeal from the 164th District Court
                           Harris County, Texas
                     Trial Court Cause No. 2012-28683

                 MEMORANDUM                     OPINION

      This is an interlocutory appeal from a temporary injunction that was sought
by the State and the City of Houston to abate a common nuisance at Treasures, a
gentlemen’s club, pursuant to Chapter 125 of the Texas Civil Practice and
Remedies Code. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §§ 125.001—.047. Appellants
raise five issues challenging the propriety of the temporary injunction order and
some of the restrictions imposed therein. We affirm.
                            PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       Appellees filed suit in May 2012 alleging that the business operated by D.
Houston, Inc. d/b/a Treasures (Treasures),1 and its landlord and owner of the
property, Nabilco Inc., maintained a nuisance by tolerating and failing to take
reasonable steps to abate drug activity and prostitution occurring on the property.
See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §§ 125.0015(a)(4); (a)(6). On September 10,
2012, at the conclusion of a four-day evidentiary hearing, the trial court made its
oral ruling from the bench. The trial court found that Treasures (1) was habitually
used for purposes of prostitution and the sale and/or possession of drugs; (2)
knowingly tolerated this activity; and (3) failed to make reasonable efforts to abate
the activity. Appellants immediately filed a notice of appeal, and the appeal was
assigned to this court.

       On September 11, 2012, Treasures filed a notice of removal of the case to
the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas. Although
Treasures advised this court of the removal on September 18, 2012, the notice
required by statute was not filed with this court until October 19, 2012. See 28
U.S.C. § 1446(d). We then abated the appeal.

       The trial court signed the injunction order that is the subject of this appeal on
October 12, 2012, after the case was remanded from federal court. The injunction
order included ten specific provisions requiring appellants to take steps necessary
to prevent the use of the premises as a common nuisance pending final trial. On
October 18, 2012, appellants filed an emergency motion asking this court to stay

1
  In 2011, this court affirmed the decision to deny Treasures additional time to comply with the
City of Houston’s 1997 ordinance regulating sexually oriented businesses (SOBs). See D.
Houston, Inc. v. City of Houston, 14-10-00384-CV, 2011 WL 2536162 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] Jun. 28, 2011, no pet.) (mem. op.). The issues in this appeal do not involve the City’s
SOB ordinance. Treasures denies that it is operating as a SOB, referring to its business as a
“bikini bar,” and asserts that its status is the subject of a separate suit pending in another Harris
County District Court.

                                                 2
portions of the injunction. The motion was denied, among other reasons, because
the case had been removed to federal court. After the motion for stay was denied,
Treasures filed a copy of the federal court’s October 3, 2012 remand order. The
appeal then was reinstated.

        Appellants filed a petition for writ of mandamus in the Texas Supreme Court
on October 19, 2012. On October 26, 2012, the Texas Supreme Court issued an
order staying parts of the injunction. See In re Nabilco Inc. and D. Houston Inc.
d/b/a Treasures, No. 12-0852 (Tex. Oct. 26, 2012) (order). The original proceeding
remains pending at the Texas Supreme Court.

        Appellants filed an amended notice of appeal with this court to evidence
their intent to appeal from the trial court’s temporary injunction order signed on
October 12, 2012. The record and the parties’ briefs were then filed. On December
27, 2012, the City of Houston advised this court that it has reached a settlement
with appellants and will not file a brief in this appeal. No motion to dismiss the
City as a party to the appeal has been filed as of the date of this opinion. The
appeal was set at issue and ready for submission to the court on December 27,
2012.

        Trial of the permanent injunction had been set for December 10, 2012, but
was reset for reasons not disclosed in the appellate record. According to the parties,
trial is scheduled to commence February 4, 2013.

                              STANDARD OF REVIEW

        Our review of an order granting a temporary injunction is limited to a
determination of whether the trial court clearly abused its discretion. Butnaru v.
Ford Motor Co., 84 S.W.3d 198, 211 (Tex. 2002). In reviewing the trial court’s
order granting temporary injunctive relief, we do not review the merits of the
underlying case. Davis v. Huey, 571 S.W.2d 859, 862 (Tex. 1978).

                                          3
       To determine whether a trial court abused its discretion, we must decide if it
acted without reference to any guiding rules or principles; in other words, we must
decide whether the trial court’s order was arbitrary or unreasonable. See Downer v.
Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241–42 (Tex. 1985). Any factual
issues decided by the court in reaching the decision under review are not reviewed
by legal and factual sufficiency standards, but the facts determined by the court
must have some support in the evidence. Haddock v. Quinn, 287 S.W.3d 158, 170
n.2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2009, pet. denied). If some evidence supports the trial
court’s decision, no abuse of discretion has been shown. Butnaru, 84 S.W.3d at
211.

       We must not substitute our judgment for the trial court’s judgment unless the
trial court’s action was so arbitrary that it exceeded the bounds of reasonable
discretion. Butnaru, 84 s3 at 211. We review the evidence submitted to the trial
court in the light most favorable to its ruling, drawing all legitimate inferences
from the evidence, and deferring to the trial court’s resolution of conflicting
evidence. Sonwalkar v. St. Luke’s Sugar Land P’ship, L.L.P., ___ S.W.3d ___, No.
01-11-00473-CV, 2012 WL 3525384, *5 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 16,
2012, no pet.) (citing Davis, 571 S.W.2d at 862). An abuse of discretion does not
exist if the trial court bases its decisions on conflicting evidence. Bailey v.
Rodriguez, 351 S.W.3d 424, 426 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2011, no pet.) (citing Davis,
571 S.W.2d at 862).

       When, as here, an applicant relies upon a statutory source for injunctive
relief, the statute’s express language supplants the common law injunctive relief
elements such as imminent harm, irreparable injury, and lack of an adequate
remedy at law. Butnaru, 84 S.W.3d at 210 (recognizing that requirements for
establishing right to common law injunctive relief differ from those where
injunctive relief is authorized by statute).

                                               4
                                   CHAPTER 125

      Suits to enjoin a common nuisance are addressed in Chapter 125 of the
Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §
125.001—.047. A common nuisance exists if the defendant:

      1. maintains a place to which persons habitually go for certain illegal
      purposes;
      2. knowingly tolerates the activity; and
      3. fails to make reasonable attempts to abate the activity.
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 125.0015(a). Two of the illegal purposes
enumerated in the statute are:

      1. delivery or possession of a controlled substance in violation of
      Chapter 481 of the Health and Safety Code.; and
      2. prostitution, as prohibited by the Penal Code.
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 125.0015(a)(4), (6).

      If the trial court determines that the party seeking to enjoin the nuisance is
likely to succeed on the merits of its suit, section 125.0045(a) authorizes the court
to impose reasonable requirements to prevent use of the premises as a nuisance
pending final trial. The statute provides in relevant part as follows:

      If, after notice and hearing on a request by a petitioner for a temporary
      injunction, a court determines that the petitioner is likely to succeed
      on the merits in a suit brought under Section 125.002, the court:
      (1) may include in its order reasonable requirements to prevent the use
          or maintenance of the place as a nuisance. . . .
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 125.0045(a).

      An appeal from a temporary injunction granted in a suit to abate a common
nuisance is required to be decided within ninety days of the injunction order. See
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 125.003(c). Accordingly, we have expedited
consideration of this appeal without the benefit of the Texas Supreme Court’s

                                           5
decision on appellants’ pending petition for writ of mandamus.

                       OVERVIEW OF ISSUES PRESENTED

       Appellants raise five issues in this appeal challenging both the bases for
issuance of the injunctive order and the reasonableness of some of the restrictions
imposed therein. Appellants have framed some of the issues as challenges the
sufficiency of the evidence. We will apply the appropriate abuse of discretion
standard outlined above.

       Appellants have not challenged provisions 1, 7, and 8 in the temporary
injunction. The Texas Supreme Court has stayed provisions 5, 6, 9 and part of 10.2
Treasures is not currently bound to comply with these provisions; therefore, they
are not at issue in this appeal. Because a court of superior jurisdiction has stayed
these provisions, any declaration by this court about the propriety of these
provisions would have no practical legal effect on the controversy between the
parties. See Morton v. City of Boerne, 345 S.W.3d 485, 489 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 2011, pet. denied). This is particularly true with respect to a temporary
injunction order in a case set for trial on the merits in less than a month. As long as
the stay is in effect, any decision by this court would be advisory. See id.
Therefore, we will consider appellants’ issues only with respect to the remaining
provisions in the injunction. These are provisions 2, 3, 4, and the portion of
provision 10 that was not stayed by the Texas Supreme Court.

       The provisions at issue in this appeal require appellants to:

       2. Thoroughly check all bags of all independent contractors and

2
  The Texas Supreme Court stayed, pending further orders, the provisions in the October 12,
2012, temporary injunction that require appellants to (1) terminate all employees or contractors
with a felony conviction in the last ten years; (2) install 14 additional video cameras on the
premises and deliver the recordings to the appellees; (3) perform random drug tests on
employees and contractors and deliver the results to appellees; and perform criminal background
checks on employees and contractors and deliver these results to appellees.

                                               6
       employees each time they enter [appellants’] premises. Bag checks
       must be performed at the front desk and be captured on camera
       surveillance;
       3. Enforce a dress code as to all employees and independent
       contractors requiring that they fully cover their buttocks while on
       [appellants’] premises;
       4. Enforce a dress code for all patrons on the [appellants’] premises,
       specifically, shirts must be tucked in;
       10. Use existing cameras in [appellants’] premises . . . to record
       activity at all times that [appellants’] premises are open.3

       In addressing appellants’ issues, appellees have re-stated the fundamental
issues in our review of the temporary injunction as follows:

       1. Whether the trial court clearly abused its discretion in determining
          that the State of Texas was entitled to temporary injunctive relief
          to attempt to enjoin or abate a common nuisance (prostitution and
          drug activity) at Treasures until trial for permanent injunctive
          relief.
       2. Whether the trial court clearly abused its discretion in crafting a
          temporary injunction order that contained reasonable requirements
          to prevent the use or maintenance of Treasures as a common
          nuisance.
                                       DISCUSSION

       A temporary injunction to prevent the use or maintenance of Treasures as a
common nuisance pending the final trial is appropriate if some evidence shows that
(1) appellants maintain a place to which persons habitually go for drugs and
prostitution;4 (2) appellants knowingly tolerate the activity; and (3) appellants

3
  The videotapes are to be delivered weekly to the County Attorney’s office, with restrictions to
limit their dissemination.
4
 The Texas Penal Code defines solicitation of prostitution as follows:
       A person commits an offense if he knowingly: (1) offers to engage, agrees to
       engage, or engages in sexual conduct for a fee; or (2) solicits another in a public
       place to engage with him in sexual conduct for hire.
Tex. Penal Code § 43.02(a).

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failed to make reasonable attempts to abate the activity. See Tex. Civ. Prac. &
Rem. Code § 125.0015(a). Because the trial court found that appellees are likely to
succeed on the merits, the injunction included requirements to prevent Treasures’s
use or maintenance as a nuisance pending final trial. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.
Code § 125.045(a). We will address the elements necessary to show a common
nuisance first, and then consider the reasonableness of the restrictions imposed in
the injunction, taking appellants’ issues out of order.

      In their third issue, appellants challenge the trial court’s finding that
Treasures is habitually used for prostitution and drug-related activities, the first
element of a common nuisance. Specifically, appellants assert that evidence of
numerous convictions, not mere accusations, should be required to establish that a
premises is habitually used for one of the enumerated crimes. They argue that the
injunction should be reversed because the number of convictions for prostitution
and drug crimes resulting from arrests at Treasures is so small that it cannot
constitute habitual use.

      There was evidence admitted at the hearing that in the three-year period
immediately preceding the underlying suit, there were forty arrests at Treasures.
The offense reports of the arrests were admitted as evidence. The reports contain
the circumstances surrounding the twenty-one prostitution arrests and ten drug
arrests at Treasures during the three-year period. At the time of the hearing, only
five of the prostitution cases had resulted in convictions, and there were three
convictions for possession of controlled substances. Therefore, during this three-
year period there were eight convictions for offenses covered by Chapter 125.

      We disagree with appellants’ contention that multiple convictions for
Chapter 125 crimes must be shown to establish a common nuisance. The plain
language of the statute demonstrates otherwise. The statute provides that
“[e]vidence of the general reputation of the place involved is admissible to show

                                           8
the existence of the nuisance.” See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 125.004(c).
This provision would be meaningless if the existence of a common nuisance could
be established only with evidence of convictions. The statute expressly provides
that evidence of convictions and arrests for enumerated offenses are admissible to
show knowledge of the nuisance. Id. § 125.004(b) (emphasis added).5 The statute
does not contain a similar provision to show habitual use; but because arrests are
expressly permitted to establish that the owner of the premises had knowledge of
the illegal activities, it would be absurd to interpret the statute in a manner in
which arrests may not be considered to show the premises are habitually used for
those crimes.

       The term “habitually” is not defined in the statute, and the few cases offering
guidance on its meaning applied the predecessor statute to Chapter 125.6 For
example, in Otten v. Town of China Grove, 660 S.W.2d 565, 569 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 1983, writ dism’d), the appellate court determined that “a few incidents of
alleged gambling” on two of the three Sundays that a horse race track was open
were insufficient to show habitual use of the race tract for gambling.

       At the other end of the spectrum, in Deblo, Inc. v. State, 654 S.W.2d 807,
810-11 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1983, writ dism’d), this court upheld an
injunction because the record was “replete with testimony of solicitations for

5
  “Evidence that persons have been arrested for or convicted of offenses for an activity described
in Section 125.0015 in the place involved is admissible to show knowledge on the part of the
defendant with respect to the act that occurred.” See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 125.004(b).
6
 See Former Arts. 4664 to 4667, Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. (repealed by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959,
§ 9(1), eff. Sept. 1, 1985., enacting the Civil Practice and Remedies Code). Former Tex. Rev.
Civ. Stat. art. 4667(a)(2)(a) provided in relevant part:
        (a) The habitual use, actual, threatened or contemplated, of any premises, place or
        building or part thereof, for any of the following uses shall constitute a public
        nuisance and shall be enjoined at the suit of either the State or any citizen thereof:
                                *       *      *
        (2) For the promotion or aggravated promotion of prostitution, or compelling
        prostitution . . . .

                                                9
prostitution” on the premises. We rejected the contention that the injunction should
be reversed because the evidence of these solicitations was insufficient to support
convictions, finding the evidence showed that the premises were used for
prostitution. Id.

       In Benton v. City of Houston, 605 S.W.2d 679, 682 (Tex. Civ. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 1980, no writ), this court identified evidence in the appellate
record showing the owners had promoted prostitution, warranting injunctive relief.
There was evidence that when the undercover officers visited the Crystal Pistol and
sat down at a table, a female employee would sit in the officer’s lap and offer
sexual relations at a “party table” at the back of the club in return for the purchase
of a high-priced drink. Id.; see also Morgan v. State, 596 S.W.2d 220, 221 (Tex.
Civ. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1980, no writ) (affirming temporary injunction to
abate prostitution at a club based on testimony from two vice squad officers and a
civilian that on three different occasions they were repeatedly solicited to engage
in sexual activities at the premises in exchange for pre-determined fees).

       The quantum of proof in the case relied on by appellants, Morgan v. City of
Humble, 598 S.W.2d 364 (Tex. Civ. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1980, no writ), is
far less than the evidence in this record. In City of Humble, we reversed a
temporary injunction granted against a club because prostitution was alleged to
have occurred there. Id. at 365-66. We rejected reliance upon the testimony of a
single police officer who had no personal knowledge. Id. The arrest of two alleged
prostitutes was insufficient to show that the premises were “dedicated to the
solicitation of prostitution.” Id. The testifying officer was not present at the arrests,
and we observed that “[t]here is nothing in the record to indicate whether the
arrestees were apprehended while soliciting or while merely present at the club. No
connection between them and the club management is shown.” Id.

       Here, in contrast to City of Humble, undercover police officers visited

                                           10
Treasures at least eight times over several months. Three officers testified about
their personal observations and experiences while working undercover at
Treasures. They testified to repeated offers of sex for money when they visited the
premises. Officers visited the “VIP” area upstairs at the club twice and both times
witnessed sex acts in progress. Officers also purchased controlled substances
(cocaine and methamphetamine) from dancers at Treasures on two occasions.

      These officers’ testimony at the temporary injunction hearing constitutes
some evidence that Treasures was habitually used as a locale for soliciting
prostitution and selling illegal drugs. We overrule appellants’ third issue.

      In their fifth issue, appellants contend the evidence is insufficient to show
that they “knowingly tolerated” the prostitution and drug violations at Treasures,
the second element of a common nuisance under Chapter 125. See Tex. Civ. Prac.
& Rem. Code § 125.0015(a). The statute contains specific provisions about
evidence and the burden of proof for this element. First, “[p]roof that an activity
described by Section 125.0015 is frequently committed at the place involved or
that the place is frequently used for [such an activity] . . . is prima facie evidence
that the defendant knowingly tolerated the activity.” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code
§ 125.004(a). Second, as mentioned above, proof of arrests and convictions is
admissible to show knowledge. Id. § 125.004(b). In addition, the posting of a sign
prohibiting the crime is not conclusive evidence that the defendant did not tolerate
the crime. Id.

      In addition to the officers’ testimony about numerous specific instances of
solicitation of prostitution and two drug sales, our record contains evidence of
thirty-one arrests and eight convictions for drug activity and prostitution that
occurred at Treasures. The record also reveals that David Davari, the club’s
president, was actually aware of many, if not all, of the arrests and convictions.
The frequency of the illegal activity is some evidence that the activity was

                                          11
knowingly tolerated.

      To show that they did not tolerate prostitution and illegal drugs, appellants
provided evidence of Treasures’ company policies and claimed strict enforcement
or a “zero tolerance” policy regarding instances of prostitution and drug activity.
Dancers at Treasures are required to sign an Independent Contractor Packet
containing the club’s rules and policies, which include the following:

      1. Dancers must sign forms acknowledging the club’s policies before
         every shift;
      2. Bag checks are performed on all employees and dancers before
         every shift to ensure that no drugs, drug paraphernalia, or condoms
         are brought to the club;
      3. Signs are posted throughout the club alerting employees and
         contractors of the zero tolerance policy and that prostitution is a
         crime;
      4. All potential employees and dancers are screened to determine if
         they have ever been convicted of a drug crime or prostitution;
      5. Managers routinely patrol the club to ensure that no improper
         behavior occurs;
      6. Customers are expelled if found engaging in either sex acts or
         seeking drugs;
      7. All association with dancers and employees who commit a crime is
         terminated; and
      8. Police are called if issues arise and police are allowed to enter the
         club.
The club reserves the right to terminate dancers’ employment for any violation of
these rules. The rules are enforced by four shift managers on duty each night.

      Gene Moreno, one of the managers, testified that generally a dancer is sent
home and suspended and a customer is asked to leave if sexual contact or drugs are
observed. Moreno denied ever observing any sexual activity in the upstairs areas.
He testified that Treasures has a policy prohibiting physical contact between the
dancers and customers, and he enforces that policy. Crystal Cowart, a club hostess,

                                         12
also testified that when dancers or other employees are involved in illegal conduct,
they are immediately suspended and any customers involved are expelled from the
club. She stated that Treasures’ president, David Davari, terminates dancers who
have been arrested and only allows them to return to work if and when charges are
disposed favorably.

      The record contains ample evidence that appellants did not strictly enforce
its policies. Undercover officers testified about their observations and experiences
during numerous visits to Treasures. The officers testified that the dancers engaged
in suggestive physical contact with the officers and other customers. Even though
four managers were on duty while the officers were at the club, the officers never
saw them intervene when dancers suggestively touched them or other customers.
The officers also testified that the dancers offered sex for money, dancers offered
to obtain illegal drugs for them, and one officer observed a customer engaged in a
sex act with a female employee in the private upstairs VIP room.

      There was also evidence of a police raid at Treasures. One officer caught a
customer and a dancer engaging in a sex act upstairs in a booth in the VIP area. He
found a used condom and multiple condom wrappers littering the floor and
benches in that area. The officer testified that after the raid, the club resumed
operations the same night, “business as usual . . . as if nothing happened.” Three
months later, a male and female officer, posing as a couple, visited the club and
negotiated a fee of $500 for three-way sex with a dancer, while recording the
negotiations.

      We conclude that there is some evidence that appellants knowingly tolerated
the illegal activity. Appellants’ fifth issue is overruled.

      In issue four, appellants challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to support
a finding that they did not take “reasonable attempts to abate” the illegal activity
constituting a common nuisance, the third prong necessary for a common nuisance
                                           13
finding. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 125.0015(a). Appellants argue that
they are being held to an impossible standard requiring 100% success in abating
the illegal activity. The court has not required 100% success, however.

      The same evidence recited above also applies to this element. Although
Treasures has implemented policies to limit illegal activities, the record contains
evidence of widespread violations of Treasures’ rules and policies. Despite the
club’s “no touching” policy, the undercover officers testified that dancers sat in
their laps and touched them suggestively. There is also evidence of lax
enforcement by management. The officers testified that managers observed
violations and did not intervene. There was evidence that the lighting in parts of
the club is extremely low, high-backed chairs block the view of many activities,
and the booths upstairs are dark and secluded, all of which make improper conduct
easier to conceal. Even though appellants presented some evidence that efforts are
being made to abate prostitution and drug use, the trial court reasonably could have
concluded that appellants were not making a serious effort based on the lax
enforcement. There is some evidence to support the trial court’s finding on the
third element required for a common nuisance. We overrule appellants’ fifth issue.

      In appellants’ first issue, they have challenged the reasonableness of the
temporary injunction’s requirements to prevent the club from being used as a
common nuisance pending final trial. The requirements imposed by the court must
“directly correlate” to the elimination of the nuisance activity. Martinez v. State,
323 S.W.3d 493, 503 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (addressing a conviction for
violating the terms of a permanent injunction to abate a public nuisance).

      The provisions at issue in this appeal require appellants to thoroughly check
all bags of independent contractors and employees each time they enter appellants’
premises and videotape those checks, enforce a dress code for all patrons on the
premises requiring shirts to be tucked in, enforce a dress code for dancers to cover

                                         14
their buttocks, and use existing video cameras to record activity at all times that the
premises are open.

      Appellants argue that bag checks and video cameras, with tapes submitted to
the State, violate the Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable searches
and seizures. This contention fails because the rights invoked by Treasures belong
to the individual employees, contractors, and patrons – not to Treasures. “Fourth
Amendment Rights are personal rights which . . . may not be vicariously asserted.”
Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 133-34, 99 S. Ct. 421, 428 (1978); see also United
States v. Pack, 612 F.3d 341, 347 (5th Cir. 2010) (“Fourth Amendment rights are
personal rights, which may be enforced only by the person whose rights were
infringed.”). A party lacks standing to complain about the invasion of someone
else’s personal rights. Kothe v. State, 152 S.W.3d 54, 59 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004).
Therefore, appellants have no standing to assert a Fourth Amendment claim on
behalf of Treasures’ dancers and customers. See Club Retro, LLC v. Hilton, 568
F.3d 181, 195 n. 5 (5th Cir. 2009) (club owner had no standing to assert Fourth
Amendment rights on behalf of its patrons).

      Next, the injunction’s dress code requirement that shirts be tucked in is
reasonably related to curbing illicit acts. Shirt tails could conceal improper
touching and conceal drugs or drug paraphernalia. Appellants only briefly referred
in their briefing to the dress code requirement that dancers keep their buttocks
covered and made no specific arguments about why it not reasonable. Treasures’
employees and dancers testified that the club is a “bikini bar,” in which the dancers
are required to wear “full bottom” bikinis. Videotapes were admitted into evidence
showing that dancers sometimes did not appear to comply with this requirement.
The trial court could have found that the dress code requirement for dancers is
reasonably related to limiting prostitution.

      We conclude that some evidence supports the reasonableness of these

                                          15
challenged restrictions. Accordingly, we overrule appellants’ first issue.

      In their second issue, appellants contend that the temporary injunction
improperly granted final relief. A final judgment in favor of a plaintiff, as opposed
to a temporary injunction, “must order that the place where the nuisance exists be
closed for one year after the date of judgment.” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §
125.002(e). Appellants argue that allowing video cameras in the club is a
“constructive padlock,” which has the effect of closing the club and accomplishing
final relief in a temporary order. In Stone Fox v. State, 668 S.W.2d 911, 912-13
(Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1984, no writ), also decided under the prior
version of the nuisance statute, we reversed part of temporary injunction ordering a
club padlocked for one year, or until either appellant posted a bond and agreed to
abate the nuisance or until the final hearing. We found the padlock order improper
because an order closing the premises is reserved for final judgment. Id.

      The only evidence supporting appellants’ claim that video cameras will
effectively result in closure of the club is in the form of opinion testimony from
club employees and a dancer. Ms. Cowart, a hostess, testified that “[n]obody really
wants to be recorded.” Floor manager Moreno stated that in his opinion,
videotaping inside Treasures would “be detrimental” because the clientele “would
not want to be in that building at all.” One of the dancers at the club testified that
most of the club’s customers are businessmen who would not want video cameras
because they may not want their wives to know they were at the club.

      There is evidence in the record that Treasures already has twelve video
cameras in the club that have been in use for years. Evidence at the hearing was
that generally there may be about 200 customers and 100 dancers at Treasures on
an average night. Therefore, the existing cameras do not appear to deter patrons.
This evidence contradicts testimony that cameras would drive away customers,
effectively closing the club. When evidence is conflicting, no abuse of discretion is

                                         16
shown. We overruled appellants’ second issue.

                                  CONCLUSION

      There is some evidence in the record supporting the trial court’s
determination that a common nuisance is maintained at Treasures warranting
temporary injunctive relief. The portions of the trial court’s injunction currently in
force are supported by some evidence and are reasonably related to preventing use
of the premises as a nuisance pending final trial. The trial court did not clearly
abuse its discretion, and the temporary injunction order is affirmed.

                                   PER CURIAM

Panel consists of Chief Justice Hedges and Justices Boyce and Donovan.

                                         17