Court Opinion

ID: 3003207
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-24 20:40:26.3106+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:02:04.774686
License: Public Domain

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
                           To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

                     United States Court of Appeals
                                    For the Seventh Circuit
                                    Chicago, Illinois 60604
                                      Submitted May 27, 2009*
                                       Decided June 19, 2009

                                                Before
                                FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Chief Judge
                                ANN C LAIRE WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge

                                JOHN DANIEL TINDER, Circuit Judge

No. 08-3783
C RAIG FRANKE, doing business as                                   Appeal from the United
Diversified Unclaimed Asset Consulting,                            States District Court for the
       Plaintiff-Appellant,                                        Southern District of Indiana,
                                                                   Indianapolis Division.
                v.
                                                                   No. 1:08-cv-01307-RLY-TAB
C ANA INVESTMENTS, LLC,                                            Richard L. Young, Judge.
      Defendant-Appellee.

                                                 Order
    Some of Brian Bowman’s real property was sold at auction in Indiana in 2006 after
he failed to pay his property taxes. The sale produced a surplus of $32,275, which Bow-
man could claim by redeeming within a year. Toward the end of that year, Cana In-
vestments, LLC, bought the right of redemption from Bowman for $3,000. Craig
Franke says that Bowman assigned the right of redemption to him, too, and he asked a
state court to award the surplus to him rather than to Cana. (Franke does business as
Diversified Unclaimed Asset Consulting. Franke is the real party in interest, and we use
his name even though he captions all of his documents in the proprietorship’s name.
Apparently Franke believes that litigating under a trade name insulates him from sanc-
tions and other adverse outcomes; he is wrong.)
    The state court ruled in Cana’s favor and ordered Franke to pay a sanction of $1,000
for peppering the court with inappropriate filings that did not comply with the rules of
procedure. Franke sought review by appeal and then a petition for transfer to the Su-
preme Court of Indiana. After these requests were unavailing, Franke filed a notice of

   * After examining the briefs and the record, we have concluded that oral argument is unnecessary. See
Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); Cir. R. 34(f).
No. 08-3783                                                                            Page 2

removal purporting to move further proceedings to the United States District Court for
the Southern District of Indiana.
    Removal suffers from several problems. First, although the state court is located in
the Northern District of Indiana, Franke tried to remove to the Southern District. Sec-
ond, only a defendant can remove a case, see 28 U.S.C. §§ 1441, 1446; Shamrock Oil & Gas
Corp. v. Sheets, 313 U.S. 100, 108 (1941), while Franke is the plaintiff. Third, a suit must be
removed within 30 days of its initiation (or an event creating federal jurisdiction),
§1446(b), while Franke took more time than that. Fourth, there is no federal jurisdic-
tion. Franke’s claim for the surplus arises under his purported contract and state law, so
removal would be possible only if the stakes exceed $75,000 and the parties are of di-
verse citizenship. The stakes of this case are less than $35,000, and the notice of removal
does not allege any of the material details about Cana’s citizenship. (It is a limited liabil-
ity company, so it is essential to know all of its members and the citizenship(s) of each.
See Belleville Catering Co. v. Champaign Market Place, L.L.C., 350 F.3d 691 (7th Cir. 2003).)
    A case removed without jurisdiction must be remanded. 28 U.S.C. §1447(c). Had the
district court done so, we would lack jurisdiction to entertain Franke’s appeal. 28 U.S.C.
§1447(d). Unfortunately, however, the district court did not remand. Instead it dis-
missed the case for lack of federal jurisdiction. That step would have been appropriate
had the suit begun in federal court, but it is not appropriate for a removed suit.
    The district judge may have assumed that, when a case is removed despite the ab-
sence of federal jurisdiction, it continues in state court without further action by the fed-
eral judge. What §1446(d) provides, however, is that the notice of removal itself pre-
vents the state court from taking any further action. Only a formal remand restores the
state court’s power. So the proper disposition is a remand rather than a dismissal.
    Franke should count himself lucky that the district judge did not award attorneys’
fees, or other sanctions, under 28 U.S.C. §1447(c). The standards of that statute, see Mar-
tin v. Franklin Capital Corp., 546 U.S. 132 (2005), have been satisfied. The removal was
frivolous, as is this appeal. Franke must understand that any further attempt on his part
to bypass the state court or frustrate the conclusion of the case he himself initiated will
lead to sanctions substantially exceeding the $1,000 already awarded.
    The judgment is vacated, and the case is remanded to the district court with instruc-
tions to remand the proceeding to Allen County Circuit Court.