Court Opinion

ID: 9376500
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-02 20:04:09.044129+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:07.198223
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA

                               COURT OF APPEAL

                                FIRST CIRCUIT

                                NO. 2022 CA 0790

              STATE OF LOUISIANA IN THE INTEREST OF
            TAMARA KIRKLAND V. SHEDRICK KIRKLAND

                                Judgment Rendered.       MAR 0 3 2023

                                Appealed from the
                          21st Judicial District Court
                      In and for the Parish of Tangipahoa
                                State of Louisiana
                              Case No. 2020- 0002+
                                                 256

                The Honorable Jeffrey Cashe, Judge Presiding

DaShawn P. Hayes                            Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellant
New Orleans, Louisiana                      Tamara Kirkland

Scott M. Perrilloux                         Counsel for Appellee
District Attorney                           State of Louisiana
Amite, Louisiana
Cassandra Butler
Assistant District Attorney
Independence, Louisiana

Angela F. Lockett                           Counsel for Defendant/ Appellee
Baton Rouge, Louisiana                      Shedrick Kirkland

             BEFORE:     THERIOT, CHUTZ, AND HESTER, JJ.
THERIOT, J.

          This appeal arises from a judgment rendered in a child support enforcement

proceeding. For the reasons set forth herein, we dismiss the appeal.

                             FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

          On September 1, 2020, the State of Louisiana, Department of Children and

Family Services ("          the Department") filed a Rule to Show Cause against Shedrick

Kirkland on behalf of Tamara Kirkland to set child support for the parties' minor

children.
               At the hearing on the rule to set support, counsel informed the hearing

officer' that the parties had entered into a consent judgment, which was filed into

the record.        The March 1,          2021 consent judgment ordered Shedrick to pay child

support in the amount of $785. 38 per month, plus an administrative fee of 5%,

effective September 1, 2020. The consent judgment further provided that Shedrick

would either obtain medical insurance for the minor children and pay 53. 09%                                          of all

extraordinary medical expenses not covered by private insurance, or pay $                                             18. 70

per month in the event private insurance is not available.                                      In addition to the

monthly support payment, Shedrick was ordered to pay $ 25. 00                                    per month, plus a

5% administrative fee, effective March 1, 2021, towards the arrearage owed, and to

pay court costs and public defender fees.                         The consent judgment set a review date

of May 7, 2021, for prospective modification only.

         The court minutes reflect that at the May 7, 2021 review hearing,                                              the

Department moved for the " Interim Judgment" to be made permanent. The review

hearing was subsequently continued a number of times by the hearing officer, and

 Louisiana Revised Statutes 46: 236. 5 sets forth procedures establishing an expedited process for certain family and
domestic matters using hearing officers. Under La. R. S. 46: 236. 5( C)( 3), the hearing officer " shall act as a finder of
fact and shall make written recommendations to the court concerning any domestic and family matters," including
the   establishment,   modification,   method    of   collection,   and   enforcement   of   child   support.   The   written

recommendations of the hearing officer shall contain a statement of the pleadings; a statement as to the findings of
fact by the hearing officer; a statement as to the findings of law based on the pleadings and facts, including the
hearing officer' s opinion thereon; and a proposed judgment. La. R.S. 46236.5( C)( 5). In the event a party disagrees
with the hearing officer' s judgment or ruling, he or she may file a written objection to be heard by the district court
to whom the case is assigned. Upon the filing of such an objection, the district court shall schedule a contradictory
 hearing where the judge shall accept, reject, or modify in whole or in part the findings of the hearing officer. The
judge in his discretion may also receive additional evidence at the hearing or remand the proceedings to the hearing
officer to receive evidence.    La. R.S. 46: 236. 5( 0)(6).   A hearing officer may also accept stipulated agreements
setting forth the amount of support to be paid. La. R.S. 46: 236.5( C)( 4)( h).

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on November 5, 2021, the matter was continued until February 7, 2022, to be heard

by District Court Judge Jeffrey Cashe.

         On January 31,         2022, Tamara filed a " Memorandum of Law" in which she

objected to "       the hearing officer' s recommendation that is set for hearing on
                            Z
February 8,        2022."        Tamara requested that the court "                    overrule[]     the hearing

officer' s recommendation regarding child support" because the Department had

proffered a child support obligation worksheet to the hearing officer for the

calculation       of    support       wherein       Shedrick "       sought      to    be     credited      several

reimbursements from his alleged self-employment" to which he was not entitled.

Although        La.     R.S.     46: 236. 5( C)      requires      that     both      the   hearing       officer' s

recommendation and any objection filed thereto be in writing, neither was attached

to Tamara' s memorandum, nor are they contained elsewhere in the record.                                   Tamara

attached the following exhibits to her " Memorandum of Law":                                 the November 6,

2020     child     support      obligation       worksheet;        an     untitled,    undated       spreadsheet

containing income and expense data and handwritten calculations; and copies of

two of Shedrick' s paystubs.

         The court minutes for February 7, 2022 state that a review hearing was held

on that date on the " Interim Order," and thereafter, the " Court denied exception

and ordered interim order become final order."                          Although the February 7, 2022

court minutes suggest that this hearing was held before the hearing officer, the

record also contains a transcript of a February 7, 2022 hearing before Judge Cashe.

See Williams v. Cooper, 2005- 2360, p. 6 ( La.App. 1 Cir. 1016/ 06),                             945 So. 2d 48,

51 (   where there is a discrepancy between a minute entry and a transcript, the

transcript prevails).        On April 1, 2022, Judge Cashe signed a judgment stating:

z It is unclear from a review of the record whether this date is an error. Although the court minutes reflect that the
 Review of Interim Order" was continued to February 7, 2022, and the record contains a transcript of a hearing on
February 7, 2022 on the " Exception to Hearing Officer Recommendation," the judgment appealed in this case states
that it was issued following a February 8, 2022 hearing on the " Plaintiff' s Objection to Hearing Officer
Recommendation."

                                                          3
                This matter came before this Honorable court on the Plaintiff's
         Objection      Hearing Officer
                       to                               Recommendation                            child
                                                                                     regarding
         support on February 8, 2022.

                The Court, considering the law and evidence, and stipulations
         of the parties,does hereby make the following Judgment of this
         Honorable Court:

               IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the
         Plaintiff's objection to the hearing officer' s recommendation
         regarding     child    support      calculation           is   OVERRULED.                 The

         recommendation of the hearing officer regarding the child support
         obligation is adopted.

                IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED
         that this judgment be designated as final for appeal purposes pursuant
         to La. C. C.P. art. 1915, et seq.

         Tamara filed a devolutive appeal, arguing that the trial court erred in making

 the interim order of child support permanent" and in denying her " objection to the

interim order of support and hearing officer' s recommendation."                            After the appeal

record was lodged, this court issued a rule to show cause, ordering the parties to

show cause why the appeal should not be dismissed.                        The show cause order states,

in part:

         The April 1,       2022 judgment that is at issue in the instant appeal
         references    a    document       that    is       not   attached      to    the   judgment.
         Specifically, the judgment references the " recommendation of the
         hearing officer regarding the child support obligation." A valid
         judgment      must     be "    precise,        definite,       and     certain."        These
         determinations should be evident from the language of a judgment
         without reference to other documents in the record, such as pleadings
         and reasons for judgment. ( Citations omitted)

         Tamara, Shedrick, and the Department each filed a response to the rule to

show cause order.           Tamara averred that the April 1, 2022 judgment is "                       precise,

definite     and     certain"    because      it "      references        the        only   hearing    officer

recommendation that is within the record, which is the interim order on March 1,

2021."      As such, Tamara requested that her appeal be maintained, or in the

alternative, that this court " order that a modified judgment be submitted to the

district court for signature."         Shedrick contended that the reference in the judgment

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to the hearing officer' s recommendation was an error, and the judgment should

have referenced the consent judgment.                    Further, he urged that the April 1, 2022

judgment is not a valid judgment for purposes of appeal. The State also took the

position that the April 1, 2022 judgment should be dismissed " due to the judgment

not being complete with the specifics of what the child support was set at."

         Thereafter, this court issued an Interim Order on November 7, 2022, stating,
in part:

           T] he April 1, 2022 judgment at issue in this appeal references the
           hearing   officer' s    recommendation,"            but   the     hearing    officer' s

         recommendation is not attached to the judgment.                     We recognize that
         the   appellees   submit     that   there       was   never   a "   hearing    officer' s

         recommendation,"
                                  but only a consent judgment. In either event, the
         judgment itself does not attach any extrinsic document that reflects the
         child support award nor does the judgment itself otherwise specify the
         child support award therein without reliance on an outside document.

         Accordingly, this court remanded the matter for the limited purpose of

instructing the trial court,        in accordance with La. C. C. P.            art.   1951, to sign an

amended judgment that corrects the deficiencies and complies with La. C. C.P. art.

1918,.     and instructing the Clerk of Court' s Office of Tangipahoa Parish to

supplement the appellate record with the amended judgment by December 7, 2022.

Although the appellate record was supplemented with a number of items on

December 29, 2022, the supplement did not contain an amended judgment as

ordered by this court.      In addition, all of the items included in the supplement were

already part of the appellate record and predated this court' s rule to show cause

order, with the exception of the November 7, 2022 Interim Order.

                                         DISCUSSION

         As an appellate court,        we have the duty to examine our subject matter

jurisdiction and to determine sua sponte whether such subject matter jurisdiction

exists, even when the issue is not raised by the litigants. Advanced Leveling &

Concrete Solutions v. Lathan Company, Inc.,                    2017- 1250, p. 3 (      La.App.       1 Cir.

                                                     R
12120/ 18), 265 So. 3d 1044, 1046 ( en banc).             This court' s appellate jurisdiction

only extends to " final judgments."       Rose v. Twin River Development, LLC, 2017-

0319, p. 4 ( La.App. 1 Cir. 1111/ 17),     233 So. 3d 679, 653; see also La. C. C. P. art.

2083( A).

        Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article                1918 mandates that a final

judgment be identified as such by appropriate language.                It is well settled that a

final judgment must be precise, definite, and certain, and must contain decretal

language.     Carter v. Carter, 2021- 1173, p. 4 ( La.App. 1 Cir. 5112122),            342 So. 3d

391, 394.     Decretal language must name the party in favor of whom the ruling is

ordered, the party against whom the ruling is ordered, and the relief that is granted

or denied. Id. The specific relief granted must be determinable from the judgment

so that a third person is able to determine from the judgment the amount owed

without reference to other documents.       Hill International, Inc. v. JTS Realty Corp.,

2021- 0157, p. 5 ( La.App. 1 Cir. 12/ 30/ 21), 342 So. 3d 322, 326. Where the amount

of an award must be determined by a future contingency or ascertained by extrinsic

reference, it is not a proper judgment. Carter, 2021- 1173 at n. 1, 342 So. 3d at 394,

n. 1.   In the absence of such decretal language, the ruling is not a valid final

judgment, and in the absence          of a valid final judgment, this Court lacks

jurisdiction. Carter, 2021- 1173 at 4, 342 So. 3d at 394.

        The April 1, 2022 judgment before us on appeal is lacking in specificity as

to the relief granted.      The judgment states only that Tamara' s objection to the

hearing     officer' s   recommendation     is       overruled   and   the   hearing    officer' s

recommendation regarding the child support obligation is adopted.                However, the

judgment does not set forth the substance of the hearing officer' s recommendation

that is to be adopted, nor is the hearing officer' s recommendation attached to the

judgment.     Moreover, the parties contend in response to this court' s rule to show

cause order that there never was a hearing officer recommendation issued in this

                                                 6
matter, and the hearing that resulted in the April 1, 2022 judgment was actually a

review of the interim order of support contained in the March 1, 2021 consent

judgment.   The judgment before us is so lacking in detail that the relief granted

simply cannot be determined from the judgment. Accordingly, the April 1, 2022

judgment is not a proper judgment.

       We recognize that this Court has discretion to convert an appeal of a non -

appealable judgment to an application for supervisory writs.           Simon v. Ferguson,

2018- 0826, p. 4 ( La.App. 1 Cir. 212$ 119),       274 So. 3d 10, 14. However, an appellate

court will generally refrain from the exercise of its supervisory jurisdiction when

an adequate remedy exists by appeal, particularly when an adequate remedy by

appeal will exist upon the entry of the requisite precise, definite,           and   certain

decretal language necessary for appellate review. Simon, 2018- 0826 at p. 5, 274

So. 3d at 14.   Accordingly, we decline to exercise our discretion to convert this

appeal of a defective judgment to an application for supervisory writs.        See Carter,

2021- 1173 at p. 5, 342 So. 3d at 395.

                                   CONCLUSION

      For the reasons set forth above, the appeal of the April 1, 2022 judgment is

dismissed. Costs of this appeal are assessed to appellant, Tamara Kirkland.

      APPEAL DISMISSED.

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