Court Opinion

ID: 4288058
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-06-25 20:00:29.649661+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:10:17.684692
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUN 25 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

CARA BARBER; et al.,                            No.    18-15149

                Plaintiffs-Appellees,           D.C. No.
                                                1:14-cv-00217-HG-KSC
 v.

OHANA MILITARY COMMUNITIES,                     MEMORANDUM*
LLC and FOREST CITY RESIDENTIAL
MANAGEMENT, INC.,

                Defendants-Appellants.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Hawaii
                   Helen W. Gillmor, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted June 22, 2018**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: FISHER, PAEZ, and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges.

      Ohana Military Communities, LLC and Forest City Residential

Management, Inc. (“Defendants”) appeal the denial of their motion for preliminary

injunction and motion to disqualify counsel. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
U.S.C. §§ 1291 & 1292(a)(1) and reverse.

      1.       Defendants seek to enjoin Barber’s online activities that they contend

violate the non-disparagement and non-participation provisions of the parties’

settlement agreement. In denying Defendants’ preliminary injunction motion, the

district court relied solely on our July 27, 2017 memorandum disposition. We

must therefore clarify the scope of our previous ruling.

      The prior appeal concerned the only issue the district court addressed in its

August 26, 2016 order: whether a preliminary injunction was warranted for

Barber’s violation of the confidentiality provision. In fact, the district court

explicitly limited its ruling to the confidentiality provision, reserving ruling on the

non-disparagement provision for another day.1 We concluded that Barber’s

violations of the confidentiality provision “were relatively mild” and unlikely to

cause irreparable harm. No. 16-16688, Dkt. 51 at 3. Moreover, “[m]ost of her

online postings . . . did not appear to violate the confidentiality provision.” Id. We

therefore vacated the preliminary injunction, but expressly declined to “consider

whether Barber violated the non-disparagement provision of the settlement

agreement, as the district court [had] not reach[ed] that issue.” Id. at n.1. Nor

could we have considered that issue without the benefit of factual findings and a

      1
          The district court did not mention the non-participation provision at all.

                                            2
ruling on it from the district court.2 Thus, the district court erred when it

interpreted our prior disposition as holding that the entire record failed to

demonstrate a likelihood of irreparable harm for all relevant settlement provisions

instead of limiting our ruling to the confidentiality provision.

      2.       Defendants also appeal the district court’s order summarily denying

their motion to disqualify counsel because it concluded it lacked subject matter

jurisdiction. Defendants seek to disqualify Barber’s counsel for alleged conflicts

of interest stemming from the solicitation letter counsel sent to prospective class

members and Barber’s involvement in that process. This disqualification motion

apparently arises from some of the same conduct for which Defendants sought a

preliminary injunction—namely, Barber’s involvement in soliciting additional

clients for the firm, which Defendants allege violates the non-participation

provision. Barber’s conduct was properly before the district court pursuant to its

retention of jurisdiction over issues related to the settlement agreement and brought

to its attention prior to August 25, 2016. See No. 16-16688, Dkt. 51 at 2;

Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 381 (1994). Because the

district court has jurisdiction over Barber’s conduct, it might be able to exercise

inherent and/or ancillary jurisdiction over the issue of counsel’s alleged related

misconduct involving improper solicitation. See Erickson v. Newmar Corp., 87

      2
          The same is true of the non-participation provision.

                                           3
F.3d 298, 303 (9th Cir. 1996); Jackson v. United States, 881 F.2d 707, 709–10 (9th

Cir. 1989).

      We express no opinion on the merits of Defendants’ arguments regarding the

district court’s jurisdiction over the motion to disqualify; we do, however, hold that

the district court erred in concluding that our prior disposition barred it from

entertaining them. We ruled that the district court “retained jurisdiction to

adjudicate any purported violations of the settlement agreement brought to its

attention prior to” August 25, 2016. No. 16-16688, Dkt. 51 at 2. We noted that

matters “pertaining to the settlement agreement” which were not raised during the

six-month window of jurisdiction the court created were off the table, since a

district court does not have the inherent power to enforce settlement agreements.

See id.; Kokkonen, 511 U.S. at 380–81. Because our prior disposition was limited

to matters pertaining to the settlement agreement and did not speak to any issues

that may have arisen outside of, or ancillary to, those matters, the district court

should have considered Defendants’ motion to disqualify. See United States v.

Kellington, 217 F.3d 1084, 1092–94 (9th Cir. 2000).3

      3
         We note that it appears the district court recognized counsel’s possible
conflicts prior to August 26, 2016, when it stated that “[r]eview of the issues in the
preliminary injunction have raised questions about a possible conflict between
Plaintiff Cara Barber and her attorneys.” In that case, it is possible the conflicts
may be subsumed by the retention of jurisdiction upheld in our prior disposition as
pertaining to the settlement agreement and arising by August 25, without the need
for inherent or ancillary jurisdiction.

                                           4
                                         ***

      With this clarification of the scope of our prior disposition, we leave it to the

district court on remand to consider Defendants’ preliminary injunction and

disqualification motions in the first instance.

      REVERSED.

                                           5