Court Opinion

ID: 1036742
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-08-07 17:34:05.669581+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:27:45.126044
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                     FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                          ___________

                              No. 12-4555
                              ___________

                          MANINDER SINGH,

                                                 Petitioner
                                    v.

      ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                           Respondent
                ____________________________________

                On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                      Board of Immigration Appeals
                       (Agency No. A095-584-628)
             Immigration Judge: Honorable Andrew R. Arthur
               ____________________________________

              Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                             August 1, 2013

       Before: RENDELL, CHAGARES and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges

                      (Opinion filed August 7, 2013)
                              ___________

                               OPINION
                              ___________

PER CURIAM
       Maninder Singh petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’s

(“BIA”) denial of his request to reopen his removal proceedings. For the reasons that

follow, we will deny the petition.

                                             I.

       Because we write primarily for the parties, we discuss the background of this case

only briefly. Singh, a native and citizen of India, entered the United States in 2002.

Later that year, he filed an asylum application. In 2006, the Department of Homeland

Security initiated removal proceedings against him, charging him with being removable

pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i) for having entered the United States without

being admitted or paroled. Singh conceded his removability and requested asylum,

withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”),

claiming that he had been persecuted in India on account of his Sikh religion, his

membership in the All India Sikh Student Federation, and his actual or imputed political

opinions.

       In January 2010, the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denied Singh’s requests for relief,

citing several different grounds for that denial. After the BIA upheld the IJ’s decision on

appeal in May 2010, Singh filed a petition for review in this Court. In June 2011, we

denied that petition. See Singh v. Att’y Gen., 433 F. App’x 63, 68 (3d Cir. 2011). In

doing so, we concluded, inter alia, that substantial evidence supported the agency’s

determination that, due to changed country conditions in India, Singh lacked a well-

founded fear of future persecution. Id. at 67.

                                             2
         In July 2012, Singh filed a motion with the BIA, requesting both reopening of his

removal proceedings and reconsideration of the BIA’s decision. Singh, principally

relying on affidavits from family members living in India, alleged that, in June 2010,

December 2010, and March 2012, respectively, police officers in India went to his

family’s home looking for him. On the first such occasion, the officers allegedly

threatened that if they found him they would kill him. On the second and third occasions,

they allegedly arrested Singh’s father, beat him, and released him only after receiving a

bribe.

         In November 2012, the BIA denied Singh’s motion. The BIA concluded that,

because Singh “ha[d] not submitted any objective evidence to establish the context for his

claim that he would be subjected to persecution as a Sikh in India,” he had “failed to meet

the heavy burden of demonstrating that the new evidence proffered with the motion

would likely change the result in this case.” (J.A. at 3 (citing Matter of Coelho, 20 I. &

N. Dec. 464 (BIA 1992).) The BIA also concluded that sua sponte reopening was not

warranted, and that Singh’s request for reconsideration of its prior decision was untimely.

         Singh now petitions for review of the BIA’s November 2012 decision.

                                             II.

         Our review here is limited, for Singh has waived any challenge to the BIA’s denial

of sua sponte reopening and the BIA’s denial of his request for reconsideration of its

prior decision. See Laborers’ Int’l Union of N. Am., AFL-CIO v. Foster Wheeler Corp.,

26 F.3d 375, 398 (3d Cir. 1994) (“An issue is waived unless a party raises it in [his]

opening brief, and for those purposes a passing reference to an issue will not suffice to

                                              3
bring that issue before this court.”) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).1 We

have jurisdiction to review the remaining part of the BIA’s November 2012 decision —

its denial of Singh’s request for reopening — pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1). We

review that denial for abuse of discretion, see Shardar v. Att’y Gen., 503 F.3d 308, 311

(3d Cir. 2007), and may not disturb it unless it is “arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to

law.” Id. (quotation marks and citation omitted).

       Having carefully reviewed the record, we cannot conclude that the BIA abused its

discretion in denying Singh’s request to reopen. Although his family’s alleged

encounters with the police in India are troubling, it is unclear whether the police’s alleged

interest in Singh is on account of a ground protected under the Immigration and

Nationality Act.2 Indeed, none of the four affidavits from his family members makes

clear why the police have allegedly been looking for him. Granted, the affidavit from his

grandfather does briefly state, “I am sure that the police will kill him, because the police

kills young [S]ikhs very quickly as soon as [it] find[s] them.” (J.A. at 40.) But that

averment appears to be nothing more than speculation, and it does not address why the

police were allegedly looking for Singh on the three occasions in question. Accordingly,

we find no error in the BIA’s determination that Singh failed to “establish the context”

for his claim that he would be persecuted in India on account of his being a Sikh, and that

1
  Even if Singh had not waived the issue of sua sponte reopening, we would still lack
jurisdiction to consider it. See Pllumi v. Att’y Gen., 642 F.3d 155, 159 (3d Cir. 2011).
2
  Although relief under the CAT is not contingent upon an alien’s suffering torture on
account of a particular ground, Ambartsoumian v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 85, 89 (3d Cir.
2004), Singh has failed to demonstrate that the BIA abused its discretion by not
reopening his removal proceedings to allow him to further pursue CAT relief.

                                               4
he had not met his “heavy burden” of showing that his new evidence would likely change

the result in his case. See Coelho, 20 I. & N. Dec. at 472-73.

       In light of the above, we will deny Singh’s petition for review.3

3
 We have considered the various arguments raised in Singh’s brief and conclude that
none justifies disturbing the BIA’s denial of reopening.

                                             5