Court Opinion

ID: 9377004
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-06 17:05:16.426139+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:11.194630
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA
                            COURT OF APPEAL
                               FIRST CIRCUIT

                              DOCKET NUMBER
                               2022 CA 1010

                              ISAAC ROBINSON

                                 VERSUS

                      WAYNE AND BEVERLY PAPANIA
                     AND PYRENEES INVESTMENTS, LLC

                                         Judgment Rendered      MAR 0 6 2023

                            ON APPEAL FROM THE
               22ND JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT, DIVISION A
                       ST. TAMMANY PARISH, LOUISIANA
                         DOCKET NUMBER 2005- 11357

        HONORABLE RAYMOND S. CHILDRESS, JUDGE PRESIDING

James E. Moorman, III             Attorney for Defendants/
Covington, Louisiana              Third -Party Plaintiffs/ Appellants
                                  Wayne and Beverly Papania

William J. Faustermann, Jr.       Attorney for Defendants/
Slidell, Louisiana                Third -Party Defendants/ Appellees
                                  Pyrenees Investments, LLC and
                                  Samuel C. LeBlanc, Jr.

 BEFORE:         McCLENDON, HOLDRIDGE, and GREENE, ]].

               061PC4'`j-
GREENE, J.

        Appellants, Wayne and Beverly Papania, appeal a judgment dismissing their third -

party demand for breach of contract claims, fraud claims, and claims under the New

Home Warranty Act ( NHWA), against appellees, Pyrenees Investments, LLC, and its sole

member, Samuel C. LeBlanc, Jr. Pyrenees and Mr. LeBlanc answered the appeal, seeking

attorney fees and costs. After review, we affirm the judgment and deny the answer to

the appeal.

                        FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUNDI

        In 2004, the Papanias and Pyrenees signed a construction contract whereby

Pyrenees, as the general contractor, would construct a new house for the Papanias in the

Maple Ridge Subdivision in Covington, Louisiana.                Mr. LeBlanc signed the construction

contract on behalf of Pyrenees as its " Managing Member." In 2005, Isaac Robinson, a

subcontractor on the job, filed suit on an open account against the Papanias and

Pyrenees .2 The Papanias then filed a third -parry demand against Pyrenees claiming it

was liable for any amounts they owed to Mr. Robinson. After terminating the contract in

the fall of 2006, the Papanias twice amended their third -party demand to add Mr. LeBlanc

as a third -party defendant, to assert additional claims for damages due to defective

construction of the house, and to allege that Mr. LeBlanc fraudulently induced them to

sign the construction contract by misrepresenting to them that Pyrenees held a valid

contractor's license and proper insurance.            Pursuant to certain exceptions and a motion

for summary judgment, the trial court ultimately rendered judgment dismissing all of the

Papanias' third -party claims against Pyrenees and Mr. LeBlanc.

        In Robinson v. Wayne and Beverly Papania and Pyrenees Investments, LLC, 15-

1354 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 10/ 31/ 16), 207 So -3d 566, 581, writ denied, 16- 2113 ( La. 3/ 13/ 17),

216 So. 3d 808 ( Robinson I),this Court reversed the trial court's judgment insofar as it

1 we adopt certain facts and procedural history from this Court's previous opinion in Robinson v. Wayne
and Beverly Papania and Pyrenees Investments, LLC, 15- 1354 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 10/ 31/ 16),    207 So. 3d 566,
570, 577, 581, writ denied, 16- 2113 ( La. 3/ 13/ 17), 216 So -3d 808 ( Robinson I).

2 The Papanias and Pyrenees each filed a reconventional demand against Mr. Robinson. The Papanias
later settled their claim against Mr. Robinson. Claims involving Mr. Robinson are not at issue in this appeal.

                                                      2
dismissed the Papanias' non- NHWA claims ( i.e., breach of contract and fraud) 3 and their

NHWA claim under La. R. S. 9: 3145( A).             On remand, the trial court conducted a trial, and

thereafter, on May 12, 2022, signed a judgment dismissing all of the Papanias' remaining

third -party claims against Pyrenees and Mr. LeBlanc with prejudice. The Papanias appeal

the adverse judgment.

                                                DISCUSSION

          In three assignments of error, the Papanias contend the trial court erred in

dismissing their breach of contract claim, their fraud claim, and their NHWA claim under

La. R. S. 9: 3145( A). 4     Relying on former La.             R. S. 37: 2160 and La. C. C. art. 2033, the

Papanias also contend their contract with Pyrenees is an absolute nullity, because

Pyrenees, the contracting party, did not have a contractor's license and was not permitted

to use Mr. LeBlanc' s contractor's license in place of its own. We first determine the validity

of the construction contract between the Papanias and Pyrenees, as this determination

affects the analysis of the remaining issues raised by the assignments of error.

Nullity of the Construction Contract

           Under the NHWA, specifically La. R. S. 37: 2160(A) and 37: 2167( A), 5 it is unlawful

for a contractor or builder — who is required to be licensed by the Louisiana State

Licensing Board — to enter into a construction contract or work as a residential building

contractor without the proper license.                  Quaternary Resource Investigations, LLC v.

Phillips, 18- 1543 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 11/ 19/ 20), 316 So. 3d 448, 459, writ denied, 20- 01450

    La. 3/ 2/ 21), 311 So. 3d 1059. These statutes embody rules of public order, and, under

3 The Robinson Icourt affirmed the trial court's judgment insofar as it granted an exception of peremption
and dismissed the Papanias' NHWA claims against Mr. LeBlanc under the one- year and two-year warranties
set forth in La. R. S. 9: 3144( A)( 1) and ( 2). Robinson I, 207 So. 3d at 580- 81.

4    The Robinson I court also reversed the trial court' s judgment insofar as it dismissed the Papanias'
negligent misrepresentation claim and statutory violation claim.        Robinson I, 207 So. 3d at 576- 77.   The
Papanias do not appeal the dismissal of those claims.

5 The applicable version of the NHWA is the one in effect on the date the homeowners first occupy the
house. Siragusa v. Bordelon, 15- 1372 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 15/ 16), 195 So. 3d 100, 104. We apply the 2007
version of the statutes, because the Papanias moved into the house in March 2007. We note, however,
the substance of former La. R. S. 37: 2160 and 2167 is now found at La. R. S. 37: 2163. See 2022 La. Acts.
No. 195, §§ 1- 2, effective August 1, 2022.

                                                         103
La. C. C. art. 2030, 6 any contract made in violation of a rule of public order is an absolute

nullity.      See Quaternary, 316 So. 3d at 459; also see Igen Construction, LLC v. Raw

Materials, LLC, 20- 0862 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 16/ 21), 2021 WL 14387261 *                   2- 3; Korrapati v.

Augustine Brothers Construction, LLC, 19- 426 ( La. App. 5 Cir. 7/ 31/ 20), 302 So. 3d 147,

153.    In this case, it is undisputed that Pyrenees, the party who contracted with the

Papanias, did not possess a residential building contractor's license.                   Mr. LeBlanc admits

that it was he, Pyrenees' sole member, who held the license.                           Thus, the Papanias'

construction contract with Pyrenees is indeed an absolute nullity. See Quaternary, 316

So. 3d at 459.

           An absolutely null contract is deemed to never have existed.                 La. C. C. art. 2033.'

Therefore, an absolutely null contract is unenforceable, and a party to such cannot assert

a cause of action for breach of the absolutely null contract. See " We the People" Paralegal

Services, L. L. 0 v. Watley, 33,480 ( La. App. 2 Cir. 8/ 25/ 00), 766 So. 2d 744, 749; Jones

v. Chevalier, 579 So. 2d 1217, 1218 ( La. App. 3 Cir. 1991); Williams v. Enmon, 380 So -2d

144, 146 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 1979), writ denied, 383 So. 2d 12 ( 1980) ( finding no rights can

flow to either party from a null and void contract). Further, the NHWA does not apply to

a construction contract that is absolutely null due to the builder's failure to obtain the

proper residential building contractor's license. Quaternary, 316 So. 3d at 460- 61.                       Thus,

6 Louisiana Civil Code article 2030 provides:

           A contract is absolutely null when it violates a rule of public order, as when the object of
           a contract is illicit or immoral. A contract that is absolutely null may not be confirmed.

           Absolute nullity may be invoked by any person or may be declared by the court on its own
           initiative.

  Louisiana Civil Code article 2033 provides:

           An absolutely null contract, or a relatively null contract that has been declared null by the
           court, is deemed never to have existed. The parties must be restored to the situation that
           existed before the contract was made.        If it is impossible or impracticable to make
           restoration in kind, it may be made through an award of damages.

           Nevertheless, a performance rendered under a contract that is absolutely null because its
           object or its cause is illicit or immoral may not be recovered by a party who knew or should
           have known of the defect that makes the contract null.            The performance may be
           recovered, however, when that party invokes the nullity to withdraw from the contract
           before its purpose is achieved and also in exceptional situations when, in the discretion of
           the court, that recovery would further the interest of justice.

           Absolute nullity may be raised as a defense even by a party who, at the time the contract
           was made, knew or should have known of the defect that makes the contract null.

                                                         4
because their construction contract was absolutely null, the Papanias do not have a

breach of contract claim or an NHWA claim against Pyrenees or Mr. LeBlanc. We affirm

the trial court's judgment insofar as it dismissed these claims and now determine if the

                                             a
Papanias have any other remedy.

         Although an absolutely null contract is deemed never to have existed, La. C. C. art.

2033 requires that the parties be restored to the situation that existed before the contract

was made, if such is possible.             If it is impossible or impractical to make restoration in

kind, restoration may be made by an award of damages.                          See La. C. C. art. 2033.         Here,

it is clear that the Papanias and Pyrenees cannot be restored to the situation that existed

before they entered into the construction contract. The record shows that the Papanias`

house was substantially completed in the fall of 2006 ( albeit not to their satisfaction),

they moved into the house in March 2007, and as of the time the trial concluded in 2021,

they still lived in the house. Thus, although the Papanias have no breach of contract

claim or NHWA claim against Pyrenees or Mr. LeBlanc, we must determine if they are

entitled to an award of damages under La. C. C. art. 2033.

        The Robinson I Court found that the Papanias minimally alleged facts " which, if

proven,    would result in damages for increased costs and unmet expectations, i. e.,

amounts they would have incurred in connection with securing completion of the

construction after termination of the construction contract." s                      Robinson I, 207 So. 3d at

573.    After the Robinson I remand and the subsequent trial, however, the trial court

concluded that the Papanias ( not Mr. LeBlanc) terminated the purported contract and

ordered Mr. LeBlanc to leave the job site and would not allow him the opportunity to

complete or repair the work.             Although the record contains conflicting stories about the

termination of the purported contract, the trial court was in the best position to assess

B We note that the trial court dismissed the breach of contract claim and NHWA claim for other reasons.
However, this Court reviews judgments, not reasons for judgment, and may affirm a judgment for reasons
other than those given by the trial court. See LAD Services of Louisiana, L. L. C. v. Superior Derrick Services,
L. L. C., 13- 0163 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 11/ 7/ 14), 167 So. 3d 746, 753- 54, writ notconsidered, 15- 0086 ( La. 4/ 2/ 15),
162 So. 3d 392.

9 In their third party demand, the Papanias claimed Pyrenees and Mr. LeBlanc were liable to them for
damages for deficiencies in the house' s foundation, structural integrity, roof construction, driveway
construction, plumbing, electrical work, carpentry, painting, and stucco. The Papanias claimed Pyrenees
and Mr. LeBlanc should be required to reimburse them for remedial work they undertook and collateral
damages they incurred after they fired Mr. LeBlanc.

                                                           W7
the credibility of the witnesses, particularly, Mr. Papania and Mr. LeBlanc. See Catalanotto

v. Homes, 14- 1274 (      La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 24/ 15), 2015 WL 1882588, * 6, writ denied, 15-

1010 ( La. 9/ 11/ 15), 176 So. 3d 1040. Mr. Papania testified that he gave Mr. LeBlanc a

long list of problems three months before he fired him in September 2006, that Mr.

LeBlanc did not correct the problems, and that after Mr. Papania fired him, Mr. LeBlanc

then continued to come to the house for another three weeks trying to correct the

problems.   On the other hand, Mr. LeBlanc testified that Mr. Papania did not give him the

problem list before firing him, and that he did not see the problem list until the Papanias

filed suit against him.    Mr. LeBlanc acknowledged that he did return to the house after

Mr. Papania fired him to see if they could reconcile and finish the job, but such did not

happen, because Mr. Papania threatened to have him arrested.

       An appellate court may not set aside a trial court's factual findings absent manifest

error or unless they are clearly wrong.          Stobart v. State through Department of

Transportation and Development, 617 So. 2d 880, 882 ( La. 1993); Catalanotto, 2015 WL

1882588 at * 2. Where two permissible views of the evidence exist, the trial court's choice

between them cannot be manifestly erroneous or clearly wrong.         Stobart, 617 So. 2d at

882.   After reviewing the record, we conclude the trial court did not manifestly err in its

factual and credibility determinations. The trial court apparently chose to believe Mr.

LeBlanc's testimony rather than Mr. Papania' s testimony. The record reasonably supports

the trial court's finding that it was the Papanias, not Mr. LeBlanc, who terminated the

parties' dealings and refused to let Mr. LeBlanc complete or repair work at the house. As

such, we conclude, the Papanias are not entitled to damages under La. C. C. art. 2033.

The Fraud Claim

       We now address the Papanias' contention that the trial court erred in dismissing

their fraud claim.   Louisiana Civil Code article 1953 defines fraud as a misrepresentation

or a suppression of the truth made with the intention either to obtain an unjust advantage

for one party or to cause a loss or inconvenience to the other.    To succeed on an action

for fraud against a party to a contract, three elements must be proved: ( 1)               a

misrepresentation, suppression, or omission of true information; ( 2) the intent to obtain

an unjust advantage or to cause damage or inconvenience to another; and ( 3) the error
induced by a fraudulent act must relate to a circumstance substantially influencing the
victim' s consent to the contract. Robinson I, 207 So. 3d at 574.

      The Robinson I Court determined the Papanias stated a cause of action in fraud

against Pyrenees and Mr. LeBlanc, as follows:

      In the second amended, third -party demand, the Papanias averred that
       Mr.] LeBlanc advised them that Pyrenees held a valid contractor's license
      for the construction of new homes and had in effect a valid insurance policy
      that would provide coverage for "the sorts of claims" for which the Papanias
      are presently suing. The Papanias also alleged that [ Mr.] LeBlanc knew his
      misrepresentation that Pyrenees held a valid contractor's license was a
      principal cause for the contract. According to their November 4, 2009
       pleading, the Papanias claimed that these two misrepresentations by [ Mr.]
       LeBlanc induced them to execute and sign the construction contract with
       Pyrenees.   In addition to iterating that the individuality and separateness
      between [ Mr.] LeBlanc and Pyrenees ceased insofar as the construction
      contract, the Papanias claimed entitlement to reasonable damages for the
      fraudulent inducement of contract.     Taking as true all of the Papanias'
      allegations of fact, we conclude they have stated a cause of action in fraud
      against [ Mr.] LeBlanc and Pyrenees.

Robinson 1, 207 So. 3d at 574- 75.

      After the Robinson .1 remand and the subsequent trial, the trial court concluded

that, although the Papanias may have stated a fraud cause of action, they had not proved

fraud against Mr. LeBlanc and Pyrenees.      The trial court factually determined that Mr.

LeBlanc, Pyrenees' sole member, did have a contractor's license, did have insurance, and

remained a licensed contractor during the entire construction period.     The trial court also

found that the Papanias dealt with Mr. LeBlanc at all times, knew that he was the licensed

contractor, and knew that he would be building their house. The trial court found no

misrepresentation, suppression, or omission of true information and that the Papanias

had not proven intent to obtain an unjust advantage. We review these factual findings

under the manifest error standard of review.      Quaternary, 316 So. 3d at 466, n. 21.

      At trial, Mr. LeBlanc admitted that the construction contract named Pyrenees as

the contractor but also admitted that Pyrenees did not hold a contractor's license or

insurance.   He testified that, at all relevant times, the contractor's license and insurance

were instead issued to him personally.        In support of this testimony, Mr. LeBlanc

introduced documentation verifying that he held Louisiana residential contractor licenses

for 2004, 2005, and 2006, and that he had commercial general liability insurance in effect

for 2005, which he testified was renewed for 2006. Regarding the Papanias' knowledge,

                                              7
Mr. Papania testified that Mr. LeBlanc gave him the impression that Pyrenees had a valid

contractor' s license.      However,     he also testified that, even though he signed the

construction contract listing Pyrenees as the contractor, he knew Pyrenees was Mr.

LeBlanc' s company, he knew " somebody" had a license, and, to him, Pyrenees and Mr.

LeBlanc were " one in the same."        Also, Mrs. Papania signed a subdivision building permit

plainly naming Mr. LeBlanc as the builder.               After reviewing the testimony and the

documentary evidence, we conclude a reasonable factual basis exists in the record for

the trial court's finding that Mr. LeBlanc's actions regarding licensure and insurance were

not fraudulent —as     such, the trial court's finding was not clearly wrong.        Id. The Papanias'

argument to the contrary is without merit. 10 We affirm the trial court's dismissal of the

fraud claim.

                                        ANSWER TO THE APPEAL

        Pyrenees and Mr. LeBlanc answered the Papanias' appeal, claiming the trial court

erred in failing to award them attorney fees and costs for defending the fraud claim,

under the NHWA, and damages for frivolous appeal. Under Louisiana law, attorney fees

are recoverable only where specifically authorized by statute or contract.                   Courville v.

Allied Professionals Insurance Company, 16- 1354 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 12/ 17), 218 So. 3d

144, 149, writdenied, 17- 0783 ( La. 10/ 27/ 17), 228 So. 3d 1223. The Louisiana Civil Code

provides for attorney fees when rescission of a contract is granted because of fraud.                 See

La. C. C. art. 1958.   And, La. R. S. 9: 3149( A) allows a homeowner to recover attorney fees

from a builder who violates the NHWA.             However, Pyrenees and Mr. LeBlanc cite to no

statute or contract whereby attorney fees are recoverable by a party required to defend

a fraud claim or an NHWA claim.           Further, a trial court has great discretion in assessing

costs, and, on review, an appellate court will not disturb a trial court's cost assessment

absent an abuse of that discretion.         Williams v. Leeper, 21- 1177 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 8/ 22),

341 So. 3d 850, 856.

io In brief, the Papanias also argue Mr. LeBlanc committed fraud by misrepresenting that the plans they
provided to him were sufficient to complete the job. The Papanias did not rely on this basis at trial, did
not mention it in their post -trial memorandum, and the trial court did not specifically rule on this basis
when addressing the Papanias' fraud claim. we decline to address this argument. See Burniac v. Costner,
18- 1709 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 5/ 31/ 19), 277 So. 3d 1204, 1210.

                                                    M
       Regarding damages for frivolous appeal, La. C. C. P. art. 2164 does allow such an

award; but, La. C. C. P. art. 2164 is penal in nature and we must construe it strictly.   Willis

v. EAN Holdings, 15- 1538 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 12/ 17), 218 So. 3d 177, 184, writ denied, 17-

789 ( La. 9/ 22/ 17), 226 So. 3d 438.   An appellate court should only award damages for

frivolous appeal when it is obvious that the appeal was taken solely for delay, or that

counsel is not sincere in the view of the law he advocates, even though the court finds

that view to be without merit. Id. Although we find no merit in the Papanias' claims, we

do not find that this appeal meets the requirements of a frivolous appeal. Id.

       For the above reasons, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in failing

to award Pyrenees and Mr. LeBlanc attorney fees and costs, and we decline to award

damages or attorney fees for frivolous appeal. We deny the answer to the appeal filed

by Pyrenees and Mr. LeBlanc.

                                        CONCLUSION

       For the above reasons, we affirm the trial court's judgment dismissing all claims

asserted by Wayne and Beverly Papania in their third party demand, as supplemented

and amended, against Pyrenees Investments, LLC and Samuel C. LeBlanc, Jr. We deny

the answer to the appeal filed by Pyrenees Investments, LLC and Samuel C. LeBlanc, 3r.

We assess costs of the appeal to Wayne and Beverly Papania.

       IUDGMENT AFFIRMED; ANSWER TO APPEAL DENIED.

                                              G]
                                   STATE OF LOUISIANA

r                                   COURT OF APPEAL

                                     FIRST CIRCUIT

                                      2022 CA 1010

                                    ISAAC ROBINSON

                                         VERSUS

                               WAYNE AND BEVERLY PAPANIA
                           AND PYRENEES INVESTMENTS, LLC

    McClendon, I., concurs.

          Finding no legal or manifest error by the trial court, I concur with the result

    reached by the majority.