Court Opinion

ID: 9948096
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-06 15:11:49.396971+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:29:05.615780
License: Public Domain

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Collier Township Police Association,            :
                                                :
                              Appellant         :
                                                :
                   v.                           : No. 483 C.D. 2023
                                                : Argued: February 6, 2024
Collier Township                                :

BEFORE:        HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
               HONORABLE LORI A. DUMAS, Judge
               HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE WOJCIK                                                    FILED: March 6, 2024

               Collier Township Police Association (Union) appeals the order of the
Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas (trial court) dismissing the Union’s
Petition to Review/Vacate Arbitration Award (Petition) and entering judgment in
favor of Collier Township (Township).1 We affirm.
               Officer Robert Spencer (Employee) was hired by the Township on
February 19, 2019. On November 30, 2021, Officer David Brown, another longtime

       1
          The Union is the collective bargaining representative for the officers in the Township’s
Police Department (Department) pursuant to the Policemen and Firemen Collective Bargaining
Act, Act of June 24, 1968, P.L. 237, as amended, 43 P.S. §§217.1-217.12 (Act 111). In addition,
we note that the Township is a Township of the First Class. See 126 The Pennsylvania Manual 6-
114 (2023); Emert v. Larami Corporation, 200 A.2d 901, 902 n.1 (Pa. 1964) (“Courts will take
judicial notice of geographical facts such as the county in which a town or city is located.”)
(citations omitted).
Township officer on active duty, died while off-duty. At the request of Officer
Brown’s family, Chief Craig Campbell (Chief) arranged for the Township’s officers
to provide ceremonial honors at Officer Brown’s funeral.2 The ceremonial honors
included all members of the Township’s Police Department (Department) entering
the 2:00 p.m. viewing service at the funeral home on December 5, 2021, in a
formalized procession in dress uniforms, and then Casket Duty for the duration of
the viewing period. Casket Duty involved two officers standing at the foot and the

       Article VIII, Section 16 of the parties’ Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA), entitled
        2

“Management Rights,” states, in pertinent part:

               The [Township] reserves all rights and powers conferred upon it by
               the Constitutions and laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
               and of the United States, except as expressly limited by a specific
               provision of this [CBA]. It is understood and agreed that the
               [Township], at its sound discretion, shall have and retain, solely and
               exclusively, in accordance with applicable laws, all managerial
               responsibilities including, but not limited to, the right to manage all
               operations; to determine the mission, . . . policies, programs and
               functions, standards of service, and organizational structure of the
               [Township]; . . . to establish, change, combine or abolish . . . the job
               content of any classification; . . . to determine the number and types
               of employees required and to assign work to such employees in
               accordance with the operation[al] needs of the [Township], and
               direct the workforce. Matters of inherent managerial policy are
               reserved exclusively to the [Township].

Reproduced Record (RR) at 429a-30a. To this end, the Departmental Standard of Conduct in
Order No. 16-1, 3.34.1 states, in relevant part:

               A member . . . of the [Department] shall work such hours and
               perform such duties as may be prescribed by the [Chief] in
               accordance with the [CBA]. Members . . . , although assigned to a
               particular shift and pass days, etc., may be assigned anywhere with
               the [Department] where their services may be needed on an
               emergency basis.

Id. at 497a.
                                                  2
head of Officer Brown’s casket. The Chief intended for every Township officer to
participate in Casket Duty, rotating the officers in at 15-minute intervals. See
Reproduced Record (RR) at 30a.
             At that time, the Department had a COVID-19 masking policy in effect
that required officers who were not fully vaccinated to wear a mask at all times while
in uniform or while working as an officer.         There were four officers in the
Department who were not vaccinated, including Employee.
             On December 2, 2021, the Chief sent an e-mail to the entire Department
explaining the plan for the viewing and instructing that “[a]ll officers are expected
to attend the viewing and the funeral,” “[i]f anyone is unable to attend, please let me
know asap,” and that “[i]f anyone has any questions or problems please contact
Sergeant Lamb asap.” RR at 32a. On December 3, 2021, Sergeant Lamb had a
conversation with several officers, including Employee, indicating that the Chief had
purchased plain black surgical masks for the unvaccinated officers to wear for the
viewing and funeral so that all would match while in their dress uniforms. Employee
reacted with disbelief, exclaiming, “Are you f[***]ing kidding me?” then stating
“I’m not doing it. This is ridiculous.” Id. at 135a. Employee continued that the
Chief would have no recourse if he failed to wear his mask because “I’m part of the
funeral.” Id. at 136a. Sergeant Lamb advised the Chief that there might be an issue
with the officers wearing masks, which prompted the Chief to send a follow-up e-
mail on December 3, 2021, to the Department as “a reminder that officers who are
not fully vaccinated are required to wear a mask at all times for the viewing and the
funeral.” Id. at 32a.
             Sergeant Robert Ferrance learned of Employee’s objections to the
Chief’s plan for the viewing and funeral and sought out Employee to personally

                                          3
encourage him to follow the Chief’s directives. Sergeant Ferrance testified that he
“was pleading with” Employee to follow the Chief’s directives “because [he] knew
that there was going to be ramifications if [Employee] didn’t.” RR at 123a.
Ultimately, Employee did not attend the 2:00 p.m. viewing with the other officers,
but he did attend the 6:00 p.m. viewing in civilian clothes and without a mask.
Employee attended the funeral, and wore a mask for most of the service, but removed
it toward the end and did not wear a mask during the graveside portion of the funeral.
See id. at 33a.
              The Chief considered Employee’s actions to be insubordinate and
directed Sergeants Lamb and Ferrance to investigate Employee’s failure to
participate in the viewing and services as directed by him. On December 9, 2021,
the Sergeants interviewed Employee and issued a report to the Chief. On December
16, 2021, a Disciplinary Action Report (DAR) was issued recommending to the
Township’s Board of Supervisors (Board) that Employee’s employment be
terminated3 based on his deliberate and intentional disobedience of the Chief’s

       3
          Section 644(a)(2) and (4) of The First Class Township Code, Act of June 24, 1931, P.L.
1206, as amended, added by the Act of May 27, 1949, P.L. 1955, 53 P.S. §55644(a)(2) and (4)
states, in relevant part:

              (a) An individual employed in a police . . . force of a township may
              not be suspended without pay, removed or demoted except for the
              following reasons:

                                              ***

              (2) Neglect or violation of any official duty.

                                              ***

              (4) Inefficiency, neglect, intemperance, disobedience of orders or
              conduct unbecoming an officer.

                                                4
directives regarding participation in the viewing and funeral services. See RR at
342a-43a.4 The Township provided Employee with the DAR and held a Loudermill5
hearing on December 20, 2021.                 The Board voted to terminate Employee’s

       4
            Specifically, the DAR asserted that Employee violated the following Departmental
Standards of Conduct (DSOC): (1) Order No. 16-1, 3.1 (obedience to orders and laws); (2) Order
No. 16-1, 3.4 (members to read and understand all written directives); (3) Order No. 16-1, 3.6
(conduct unbecoming an officer or employee); (4) Order No. 16-1, 3.8 (conduct toward superior
officers and other employees); (4) Order No. 16-1, 3.9 (insubordination); (5) Order No. 16-1, 3.13
(neglect of duty); and (6) Order No. 16-2, 2.0 (lawful orders). See RR at 342a-43a. In turn, in
relevant part, Order No. 16-1, 3.1.1 states: “All members and employees of the [Department] must
obey and enforce . . . all lawful written or verbal orders of a supervisor.” Id. at 493a; see also id.
at 494a, Order No. 16-1, 3.3.1 (“Members . . . shall not escape liability for a violation of any . . .
order . . . by pleading ignorance or that they thought it did not apply to them.”). Order No. 16-1,
3.4.1 states: “It will be the duty and responsibility of every member . . . to read and understand all
. . . orders . . . .”. Id. DSOC 16-1, 3.4.2 states: “If in doubt as to the meaning, content or
application of any . . . order, . . . they will consult their immediate supervisor or the [Chief] for an
explanation.” Id. Order No. 16-1, 3.6.3 states: “Conduct unbecoming a member . . . of the
[Department] is any conduct which adversely affects the morale, effectiveness or efficiency of the
[Department] . . . .” Id. Order No. 16-1, 3.8.1 states: “Proper respect to superior officers will be
rendered at all times. The use of indecent, profane, . . . insolent or uncivil language is prohibited.”
Id. Order No. 16-1, 3.9.2 states: “A member . . . shall be considered insubordinate when [he] is
unwilling to submit to authority, will not follow orders, is willfully disobedient, or uses
disrespectful, mutinous, insolent or abusive language . . . toward a supervisor.” Id. at 495a. Order
No. 16-1, 3.13.2 states, in relevant part: A member will be considered in neglect of duty when [he]
fails to give suitable attention to the performance of duty or fails to perform the duties prescribed
in [Department] . . . orders . . . .” Id. Order No. 16-1, 3.14.1 states: A member . . . will promptly
and sincerely cooperate with other members . . . of the [Department] in the performance of duties
. . . which will enable the objectives of the [Department] to be accomplished.” Id. Order No. 16-
1, 2.1 states: “Members shall promptly obey and execute any and all lawful orders of a supervisor.
This shall include orders relayed from a supervisor by a member of the same or lesser rank.” Id.
at 502a. Finally, Order No. 16-2, 4.1.l states: “The member shall respectfully inform the issuing
officer of an order’s illegality.” Id. at 503a.

       5
          Referring to Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532 (1985), which
requires that a union member be given notice and an opportunity to respond to any charges leveled
against him in a formal hearing before being terminated.
                                                   5
employment, and he was notified of his termination on December 29, 2021. See id.
at 33a-34a, 209a-10a.6
                On January 5, 2022, Employee filed a grievance against the Township
based on his discharge. See RR at 444a-45a. On January 10, 2022, a Step One

      6
          Specifically, the termination letter stated the following, in relevant part:

                As more fully set forth in the Statement of Charges, the Board has
                determined that you knowingly and intentionally disobeyed direct
                orders of [the Chief] that officers who are not vaccinated against
                COVID-19 wear a face mask at the December 5 viewing and
                December 6 funeral of a deceased member of the [Department], and
                also, that you wear your departmental dress uniform at the
                December 5 viewing.

                        To knowingly disregard the orders of a superior officer is
                conduct which is wholly incompatible with the requirements of a
                police department, in which adherence to the paramilitary structure
                is required and respect for the chain of command is paramount. The
                Township cannot tolerate direct disobedience and insubordination
                of this nature and the Board has therefore determined that your
                conduct on December 5 and December 6, whether considered
                together or individually, warrants your termination from
                employment. The Board’s conclusion in this regard is supported by
                your employment record, including the fact that you were recently
                counseled regarding your obligations to treat [the Chief] in a
                professional manner, as well as your failure to acknowledge any
                wrongdoing or apologize to [the Chief] at your December 20, 2021
                Loudermill meeting. While your open disregard of [the Chief’s]
                directives on December 5 and December 6 are alone and
                individually unacceptable and egregious enough to support your
                discharge, these additional facts further support the conclusion that
                you are either unable or unwilling to conduct yourself in accordance
                with the heightened standards of conduct and expectations placed
                upon you as a law enforcement officer. The Township cannot
                accept conduct which undermines the good order and effectiveness
                of the [Department].

RR at 209a-10a.
                                                   6
meeting was held and the grievance was denied.7 On February 7, 2022, a Step Two
meeting was held, and the grievance was also denied. Employee requested a Step
Three meeting, but the Board declined to conduct the public hearing. As a result, on
March 24, 2022, Employee then appealed the matter to the Arbitrator. See id. at
450a.
                  The Arbitrator conducted hearings on August 23, 2022, and September
7, 2022.8 Ultimately, on November 16, 2022, the Arbitrator issued an Opinion and
Award denying Employee’s grievance. See RR at 24a-63a. The Union then filed a
petition to vacate the Award in the trial court, and then filed the instant timely appeal
of the trial court’s order dismissing its petition.9

        7
            In relevant part, the Chief’s Memorandum #22-05 states, in pertinent part:

                  At the meeting you were invited to provide any information which
                  you wished to provide in support of the grievance or to identify any
                  mistakes or misstatements of fact contained in the Statement of
                  Charges which formed the basis for your discharge. However, you
                  declined to provide any information whatsoever at the meeting
                  despite several invitations and opportunities to do so. Because you
                  opted to provide no information at the meeting, there is no basis
                  upon which to conclude that any fact determined, or conclusion
                  reached regarding your discharge was in error. Therefore, your
                  grievance is denied.

RR at 446a.

        8
         In his post-hearing brief, Employee asserted that the Chief’s orders with respect to the
viewing and funeral were “illegal because [they] deprived [Employee] and all of the [Township]
police officers their right to pray, grieve, mourn, and participate in Officer Brown’s viewing and
funeral as private citizens.” RR at 272a-73a.

        9
          In Act 111 cases, our review is limited to “narrow certiorari,” which allows inquiry only
into: (1) the jurisdiction of the arbitrator; (2) the regularity of the proceedings; (3) whether the
arbitrator exceeded his powers; or (4) the deprivation of constitutional rights. Pennsylvania State
(Footnote continued on next page…)
                                                   7
              On appeal, Employee claims that the trial court: (1) improperly failed
to apply the plenary and non-deferential standard of review to the Arbitrator’s
award;10 (2) erred in failing to rule that Employee’s due process rights were violated
by the Arbitrator’s failure to determine whether the Chief’s order for funeral duty
was illegal; (3) erred in failing to rule that a public employee is not required to
respond, acknowledge wrongdoing, and apologize at his Loudermill hearing; and (4)
erred in failing to rule that the Township’s failure to give notice and the opportunity
to be heard on the actual reason for Employee’s termination violates his due process
rights under Loudermill.11

Police v. Pennsylvania State Troopers’ Association (Betancourt), 656 A.2d 83, 90 (Pa. 1995). If
an award cannot be vacated on one of these bases, then it must be upheld. Id.

       10
          Specifically, Employee asserts that the narrow certiorari standard as enunciated in
Betancourt does not apply, and that the less deferential plenary standard used in City of
Philadelphia v. Fraternal Order of Police Lodge No. 5 (Breary), 932 A.2d 274, 278 n.6 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2007), applies herein.

       11
         Finally, the Township seeks the award of attorneys’ fees and costs under Pa.R.A.P. 2744
based on Employee’s purported dilatory and vexatious conduct in pursuing this meritless appeal.
Pa.R.A.P. 2744 states:

              In addition to other costs allowable by general rule or Act of
              Assembly, an appellate court may award as further costs damages
              as may be just, including

                (1) a reasonable counsel fee and

                (2) damages for delay at the rate of 6% per annum in addition to
              legal interest,

              if it determines that an appeal is frivolous or taken solely for delay
              or that the conduct of the participant against whom costs are to be
              imposed is dilatory, obdurate or vexatious. The appellate court may
              remand the case to the trial court to determine the amount of
              damages authorized by this rule.
(Footnote continued on next page…)
                                                8
               However, after reviewing the Original Record, Employee’s appellate
brief, and the relevant case law, we conclude that the foregoing appellate issues have
been ably resolved in the thorough and well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Alan
Hertzberg. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s Order on the basis of his Opinion
in the matter of Collier Township Police Association v. Collier Township (C.P.
Allegheny, No. GD-22-015325, filed July 6, 2023).

                                              MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge

       However, as this Court has explained:
            The imposition of counsel fees is solely within the discretion of the
            court. In determining the propriety of such an award, the court is
            “ever guided by the principle that an appeal is not frivolous simply
            because it lacks merit. Rather, it must be found that the appeal has
            no basis in law or fact.” Such a high standard is imposed “in order
            to avoid discouraging litigants from bringing appeals for fear of
            being wrongfully sanctioned.”

Canal Side Care Manor, LLC v. Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission, 30 A.3d 568, 576
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2011) (citations omitted).

        Upon review of the relevant considerations, we exercise our discretion and decline to award
costs and attorneys’ fees in this case. Ultimately, the instant matter flows from the trial court’s
refusal to disturb the Arbitrator’s Award, and we are the first appellate court asked to review the
trial court’s actions in this regard. Although we have determined that the claims raised in this
appeal are without merit, we do not believe that the instant appeal meets the high standard outlined
above to support an award of costs and attorneys’ fees. See, e.g., Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Motor Vehicles v. Kosak, 639 A.2d 1252, 1257 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1994) (“Further costs, by
way of requiring the car dealer to reimburse the [D]epartment [of Transportation] for legal costs,
will not be imposed because the car dealer’s attempt to evade this court’s final order, although not
well founded in law, does not appear to be contumacious.”). Accordingly, based on the foregoing,
the Township’s request is denied.
                                                 9
         IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Collier Township Police Association,     :
                                         :
                        Appellant        :
                                         :
               v.                        : No. 483 C.D. 2023
                                         :
Collier Township                         :

                                    ORDER

            AND NOW, this 6th day of March, 2024, the order of the Allegheny
County Court of Common Pleas is AFFIRMED; Collier Township’s request for the
award of costs and attorneys’ fees is DENIED.

                                       __________________________________
                                       MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge