Court Opinion

ID: 4659998
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-02-12 16:12:26.787201+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:03.088650
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Cleveland Firefighters Assn. IAFF Local 93 v. Cleveland Dept. of Law, 2021-Ohio-399.]

ASSOCIATION OF CLEVELAND                              Case No. 2020-00373PQ
FIREFIGHTERS IAFF LOCAL 93
                                                      Judge Dale A. Crawford
       Requester
                                                      DECISION AND ENTRY
       v.

CITY OF CLEVELAND, DEPARTMENT
OF LAW

       Respondent

        {¶1}    Respondent City of Cleveland, Department of Law (City) objects to a
special master’s report and recommendation in this public-records dispute.
    I. Background
        {¶2}    On June 11, 2020, Requester Association of Cleveland Firefighters IAFF
Local 93 (Association) brought a lawsuit against the City. The Association stated in the
complaint: “On May 11, 2020, we filed public records request reference #C000836-
051120 with the City of Cleveland through their online public records request website.
To date, we have yet to receive the requested documents.” The Clerk of this Court
appointed a special master who referred the case to mediation. After mediation failed to
successfully resolve all disputed issues between the parties, the court returned the case
to the special master’s docket.
        {¶3}    On December 30, 2020, the special master issued a report and
recommendation (R&R). The special master found that the City’s assertion of attorney-
client privilege “is based solely on conclusory statements. [The City] has not met its
minimal burden to identify and explain the nature of any legal issue upon which advice
was sought or provided through a given communication.” (R&R, 8.) The special master
recommended: “Upon consideration of the pleadings, attachments, and affidavits filed in
this case, the special master recommends the court order respondent to disclose all
Case No. 2020-00373PQ                                -2-                           DECISION & ENTRY

records that were withheld or redacted based on attorney-client privilege. It is
recommended that court costs be assessed to respondent.” (R&R, 9.)
        {¶4}    On January 13, 2021, the City filed written objections to the R&R. A week
later the Association filed a response in opposition.1
    II. Law and Analysis
        {¶5} R.C. 2743.75(F)(2) governs objections to a special master’s report and
recommendation. Pursuant to R.C. 2743.75(F)(2), either party “may object to the report
and recommendation within seven business days after receiving the report and
recommendation by filing a written objection with the clerk and sending a copy to the
other party by certified mail, return receipt requested. * * * If either party timely objects,
the other party may file with the clerk a response within seven business days after
receiving the objection and send a copy of the response to the objecting party by
certified mail, return receipt requested. The court, within seven business days after the
response to the objection is filed, shall issue a final order that adopts, modifies, or
rejects the report and recommendation.”
        {¶6} According       to   R.C. 2743.75(F)(2), any objection to a                       report and
recommendation “shall be specific and state with particularity all grounds for the
objection.” The City presents the following objections:

1         Joseph A. Konys, Secretary of IAFF Local 93 who does not identify himself as an attorney,
appears to have prepared the Association’s Response. (Response.) The Ohio Supreme Court has
“explained that ‘[a]ny definition of the practice of law inevitably includes representation before a court, as
well as the preparation of pleadings and other legal documents, the management of legal actions for
clients, all advice related to law, and all actions taken on behalf of clients connected with the law.’”
Disciplinary Counsel v Harris, 137 Ohio St.3d 1, 2013-Ohio-4026, 996 N.E.2d 921, ¶ 7, quoting Cleveland
Bar Assn. v. CompManagement, Inc., 111 Ohio St.3d 444, 2006-Ohio-6108, 857 N.E.2d 95, ¶ 22.
Whether in this instance Konys has engaged in the unauthorized practice of law is not within this Court’s
jurisdiction. See Gov.Bar R. VII, Section 2; R.C. 2743.03(A). The undersigned is required by canons of
professional conduct to report suspected unauthorized practice of law for investigation. See Jud.Cond.R.
1.1 (requiring a judge to comply with the law, which encompasses court rules, including the Ohio Code of
Judicial Conduct and the Ohio Rules of Professional Conduct, statutes, constitutional provisions, and
decisional law).
Case No. 2020-00373PQ                           -3-                        DECISION & ENTRY

              With respect to factual findings, the City objects to the R&R
       because it (1) omits procedural history that provides the Court with
       relevant context; (2) improperly publishes information about the headers
       and content of the emails at issue prior to ultimate resolution of the
       privilege issue, despite the City’s clear position that this information is
       privileged; (3) inexplicably omits the salient fact that the sender expressly
       identified all of the emails at issue as Attorney-Client Privileged in the
       subject lines/headers; and (4) incorrectly states there is “no evidence
       supporting attorney-client privilege.”
              With respect to legal conclusions, the City objects to the R&R
       because it (1) improperly imposes the burden of proof on the City to show
       by clear and convincing evidence that the emails at issue are exempted
       from the Public Records Act under R.C. 149.43(A)(1)(v) as a result of the
       attorney-client   privilege;   (2)   cites     inapplicable   authority;   and   (3)
       mischaracterizes the City’s authority and analysis.
              The City also objects to the R&R because it was not signed by the
       Special Master assigned to this case.
(Objections, 1.)
       {¶7} The Court does not find well-taken the City’s factual challenges, e.g., claims
that relevant procedural history was omitted in the R&R, that certain information was
improperly published in the R&R, and that a statement in the R&R concerning a lack of
evidence to support attorney-client privilege is error.
       {¶8} The City contends that the special master improperly imposed a clear-and-
convincing burden of proof on the City to show that certain emails were exempt under
R.C. 149.43(A)(1)(v) due to attorney-client privilege. The special master stated in the
R&R: “Cleveland invites the court to assume that because Chief Asst. Dir. Menzalora
has duties that include providing legal advice to officials of the Fire Department, the
Case No. 2020-00373PQ                      -4-                      DECISION & ENTRY

court should assume that department correspondence directed or copied to him must
concern legal advice. However, ‘an assumption does not rise to the level of clear and
convincing proof necessary to apply an exception to the Public Records Act.’ (Citation
omitted.)” R&R, 8, quoting State ex rel. Summers v. Fox, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-
5585, ¶ 33. In Summers the Ohio Supreme Court has stated that “an assumption does
not rise to the level of clear and convincing proof necessary to apply an exception to the
Public Records Act. See State ex rel. Cincinnati Enquirer v. Jones-Kelley, 118 Ohio
St.3d 81, 2008-Ohio-1770, 886 N.E.2d 206, ¶ 22-23 (public-records custodian bears the
burden of proving that a statutory exception to disclosure applies to the facts of the
specific case).” The City’s contention that the special master improperly imposed a
clear-and-convincing burden on the City is not well-taken.
        {¶9} Additionally, the Court does not find well-taken the City’s claims that the
special master cited inapplicable authority and that the special master mischaracterized
the City’s authority and analysis. The Court further does not find well-taken the City’s
suggestion that the R&R should be declared void because the Court’s Clerk, who is a
magistrate, signed the R&R for the assigned special master. A magistrate and a special
master are judicial officers. See Black’s Law Dictionary 1308 (11th Ed.2019).      Under
R.C. 2743.75(A), the Court’s Clerk has authority to designate employees or hire one or
more individuals to serve as special masters in public-record disputes.        Here, the
Court’s Clerk appointed the special master who prepared the R&R. In the Court’s view,
because the Clerk—the appointing authority—signed the R&R for the special master,
such a circumstance does not require the R&R to be declared void.
   III. Conclusion
        {¶10} For reasons set forth above, the Court OVERRULES the City’s objections
of January 13, 2021. The Court adopts the special master’s R&R of December 30,
2020.    The Court ORDERS the City to disclose all records that were withheld or
redacted based on attorney-client privilege in accordance with the special master’s
Case No. 2020-00373PQ                       -5-                      DECISION & ENTRY

recommendation. Court costs are assessed to the City. The Association is entitled to
recover from Respondent the amount of the filing fee of twenty-five dollars and any
other costs associated with the action that are incurred by the Association, but the
Association is not entitled to recover attorney fees. The clerk shall serve upon all
parties notice of this judgment and its date of entry upon the journal.

                                           DALE A. CRAWFORD
                                           Judge

Filed January 26, 2021
Sent to S.C. Reporter 2/12/21