Court Opinion

ID: 4353457
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-12-21 17:49:50.492521+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:45:05.485720
License: Public Domain

J-S08015-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 IN THE INTEREST OF: D.S., A         :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                     :
                                     :
 APPEAL OF: L.J., NATURAL MOTHER     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :   No. 1377 WDA 2017

               Appeal from the Order Dated August 3, 2017
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Orphans' Court at
                     No(s): CP-02-AP-0000023-2017

                                 *****

 IN THE INTEREST OF: D.J., A         :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                     :
                                     :
 APPEAL OF: L.J., NATURAL MOTHER     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :   No. 1378 WDA 2017

                   Appeal from the Order August 3, 2017
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Orphans' Court at
                     No(s): CP-02-AP-0000024-2017

                                 *****

 IN THE INTEREST OF: D.J., A         :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                     :
                                     :
 APPEAL OF: L.J., NATURAL MOTHER     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :   No. 1379 WDA 2017
J-S08015-18

                   Appeal from the Order August 3, 2017
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Orphans' Court at
                     No(s): CP-02-AP-0000025-2017

                                 *****

 IN THE INTEREST OF: D.J., A         :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                     :
                                     :
 APPEAL OF: L.J., NATURAL MOTHER     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :   No. 1380 WDA 2017

                   Appeal from the Order August 3, 2017
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Orphans' Court at
                     No(s): CP-02-AP-0000026-2017

                                 *****

 IN THE INTEREST OF: D.J., A         :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                     :
                                     :
 APPEAL OF: L.J., NATURAL MOTHER     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :   No. 1381 WDA 2017

               Appeal from the Order Dated August 3, 2017
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Orphans' Court at
                     No(s): CP-02-AP-0000027-2017

                                 *****

 IN THE INTEREST OF: D.J., A         :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                     :
                                     :
 APPEAL OF: L.J., NATURAL MOTHER     :
                                     :
                                     :

                                 -2-
J-S08015-18

                                        :
                                        :    No. 1382 WDA 2017

                Appeal from the Order Dated August 3, 2017
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Orphans' Court at
                      No(s): CP-02-AP-0000028-2017

                                    *****

 IN THE INTEREST OF: D.J., A            :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR .                                :         PENNSYLVANIA
                                        :
                                        :
 APPEAL OF: L.J., NATURAL MOTHER        :
                                        :
                                        :
                                        :
                                        :    No. 1383 WDA 2017

                    Appeal from the Order August 3, 2017
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Orphans' Court at
                        No(s): CP-02-AP-029-2017

BEFORE:    LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                      FILED DECEMBER 21, 2018

      L.J. (“Mother”) appeals from the trial court’s orders involuntarily

terminating her parental rights to her seven minor children, D.S. (born

10/2007), Devon J. (born 7/2008), Dejaun J. (born 9/2009), Deale J. (born

10/2010), Deylyn J. (born 8/2013), Devlin J. (born 9/2014), and Deneya J.

(born 9/2016) (collectively, “Children”). After careful review, we affirm.

____________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

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       The Allegheny County Office of Children, Youth and Families (“CYF”)

became involved with Mother1 and Children in February 2011 amidst concerns

of domestic violence in the home, lack of parental supervision, parental

criminal activity, lack of appropriate medical care for Children, parental mental

health issues, housing concerns, educational concerns and general parenting

issues. In 2012, Mother was charged with endangering the welfare of a child

when one of the children presented to the hospital with a two-week-old

fractured elbow.      Mother entered a guilty plea to the charge in November

2012, and the court sentenced her to 18 months of probation.

       In September 2015, Children were removed from Mother’s care when

CYF became suspicious that they were being physically abused and that

Mother had failed to implement a safety plan. The Children were adjudicated

dependent on December 2, 2015; at that time, criminal charges of

endangering the welfare of children and aggravated assault were pending

against Mother due to injuries sustained by Children while in her care. A no-

contact order was entered with regard to Mother and Children.2

____________________________________________

1 On August 3, 2017, D.S.’s Father, J.A., consented to her adoption and, in
accordance with 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2504, J.A.’s parental rights were voluntarily
terminated. The father of Devon J. is unknown. D.J. is the Father to the
remaining 5 children, Dejaun J., Deale J., Deylyn J., Devlin J., and Deneya J.
2 Mother was ultimately convicted in May 2017 with regard to both criminal

charges.

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        On February 21, 2017, CYF filed a petition to voluntarily terminate

Mother’s parental rights to Children pursuant to sections 2511(a)(1), (2), (5),

(8) and (b) of the Adoption Act.3              KidsVoice, a non-profit agency that

advocates for children in juvenile court, had been appointed as guardian ad

litem (“GAL”) for Children in their dependency proceedings. At a pre-hearing

conference held via audiotape on June 9, 2017, KidsVoice Child Advocate,

Jennifer McGarrity, Esquire, asked the court to appoint KidsVoice as counsel

for each child in the termination proceedings. N.T. Pre-Hearing Conference,

6/9/17, at 5. Specifically, McGarrity stated:

        Since the last scheduled pre-hearing conference, that was
        continued[,] we have been able to meet with the [C]hildren [and
        t]alk to the [C]hildren who are verbal and able to have a
        conversation.   And based on the information that we have
        obtained, we believe that the best and legal interest for each
        child aligns.

        We have not identified any conflict that would preclude us
        or prevent us from being appointed as counsel for these
        children  in   the   [termination    of   parental    rights
        proceedings]. And as such, we would ask the Court to appoint
        us.

Id. at 5-6 (emphasis added).

        Mother’s counsel objected to KidsVoice’s request to appoint the GAL as

counsel in the termination proceedings, citing In re: Adoption of L.B.M.,

161 A.3d 172 (Pa. 2017), and alleging an inherent conflict existed due to

KidsVoice’s continued representation as GAL in the concurrent dependency

____________________________________________

3   23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2101-2910.

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proceedings. N.T. Pre-Hearing Conference, 6/9/17, at 7. Specifically, Mother

argued that a determination of what is the best interest for each of the

Children must be made by the court. Id. at 6. After considering the parties’

arguments, the court entered an order on June 9, 2017, appointing KidsVoice

as counsel for Children in the termination proceedings. Id. at 10.

      Following a two-day hearing held on July 11, 2017 and August 3, 2017,

the trial court entered orders terminating Mother’s parental rights to the oldest

six children under sections 2511(a) (2), (8) and (b) of the Adoption Act and

under sections 2511(a)(2) and (b) with regard to Mother’s youngest child,

Deneya J.    Mother filed timely notices of appeal from the orders and has

complied with the trial court’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) order.         On appeal she

presents the following issues for our consideration:

      (1)    Did the trial court abuse its discretion and/or err as a matter
             of law in appointing KidsVoice as counsel for the Children
             when an apparent conflict between the legal interests of the
             Children and the interest of KidsVoice in representing the
             best interests of the Children in the underlying dependency
             proceedings was raised by [Mother]?

      (2)    Did the trial court abuse its discretion and/or err as a matter
             of law in concluding that termination of [Mother’s] parental
             rights would serve the needs and welfare of the Child[ren]
             pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 2511(b)?

Mother’s Brief, at 18.

      In her first issue, Mother contends that the trial court erred in appointing

KidsVoice,   who    represents    Children   in   the   underlying   dependency

proceedings, as counsel for Children in the termination proceedings where

there was an apparent conflict between the Children’s legal and best interests.

                                      -6-
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      Section 2313(a) of the Adoption Act, which mandates the appointment

of counsel in contested involuntary termination proceedings, provides as

follows:

      (a) Child.--The court shall appoint counsel to represent the
      child in an involuntary termination proceeding when the
      proceeding is being contested by one or both of the
      parents. The court may appoint counsel or a guardian ad litem
      to represent any child who has not reached the age of 18 years
      and is subject to any other proceeding under this part whenever
      it is in the best interests of the child. No attorney or law firm shall
      represent both the child and the adopting parent or parents.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2213(a) (emphasis added). In In re L.B.M., 161 A.3d 172

(Pa. 2017), our Supreme Court noted the distinction between a child’s “legal”

and “best” interests as follows:

      “Legal interests” denotes that an attorney is to express the child’s
      wishes to the court regardless of whether the attorney agrees with
      the child’s recommendation. “Best interests” denotes that a
      guardian ad litem is to express what the guardian ad litem
      believes is best for the child’s care, protection, safety, and
      wholesome physical and mental development regardless of
      whether the child agrees.

Id. at 174 n.2 (quoting Pa.R.J.C.P. 1154 cmt.).

      Recently in In re: K.R. & In re: E.R., 2018 Pa. Super. LEXIS 1223 (Pa.

Super. filed Dec. 10, 2018) (“K.R.”), our Court was faced with determining

whether a trial court abused its discretion when it failed to appoint legal

counsel for children in a contested termination proceeding pursuant to section

2313(a). The juvenile court had entered separate orders appointing KidsVoice

as GAL in the children’s dependency proceedings, specifically providing that

“KidsVoice is hereby appointed [GAL] . . . to represent the legal interests and

                                       -7-
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best interest of Child in connection with any proceedings related to

dependency[.]” Id. at *24 (citations omitted). When termination proceedings

commenced, KidsVoice, through its counsel, indicated that it was appearing

as GAL for the children. Id. However, during cross-examination, counsel for

KidsVoice indicated that she was the “attorney” for the children. Id. at *24-

25. At the conclusion of the termination proceeding, counsel indicated that

the children expressed their wish to be adopted by their foster care family,

and agreed that CYS had met its burden to terminate parental rights. Id. at

25.4 Ultimately, our Court5 affirmed the orphans’ court’s termination orders,

finding no reversible error in the court’s decision not to appoint counsel for

the children’s legal interests under section 2313, where “the Children were

able to express their preferences to counsel, counsel expressed those

preferences, as well as the Children’s best interests to the orphans’ court, and

there was no conflict in th[o]se positions.” Id. at *39.

       In reviewing the mother’s claim on appeal in K.R., our Court found that

its holding was controlled by our Supreme Court’s recent decision, In re: T.S.,

____________________________________________

4Notably, our Court recognized that the orphans’ court docket did not contain
a separate order appointing counsel for the children for the termination
proceedings. Id.

5 Although not relevant to the issues raised in this appeal, the K.R. Court also
found that the mother did not waive the issue of whether the orphans’ court
erred in appointing counsel for children in the termination proceedings when
she raised it for the first time on appeal. K.R., 2018 Pa. Super. LEXIS, at *39.
Additionally, the Court found that the mother, as well as any party, can raise
the non-waivable issue of a child’s legal representation. Id.

                                           -8-
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192 A.3d 1080 (Pa. 2018). Likewise, we conclude that we are bound by the

holding of T.S., and, accordingly, affirm.

      In T.S., the Supreme Court considered whether this Court erred in

failing to require the orphans’ court to appoint a separate attorney for children,

to represent their legal interests, in a contested termination of parental rights

hearing as required by section 2313(a) and L.B.M.       T.S., 192 A.3d at 1082.

The Supreme Court in T.S. attempted to clarify the fractured holding in L.B.M.

on the issue of whether an attorney-GAL representing a child’s best interests

can ever satisfy the mandate embodied in section 2313. Id.           Specifically,

the T.S. Court found that with regard to young, pre-verbal children (aged 2-

3) whose preferred outcome is incapable of being ascertained, there can be

no conflict between the child’s legal and best interests under section 2313.

Id. at 1092. In such cases, section 2313’s mandate that counsel be appointed

“‘to represent the child’ is satisfied where the court has appointed an attorney-

guardian ad litem who represents the child’s best interests during such

proceedings.” Id. Moreover, the Court found that where there is no conflict

between an older, verbal child’s legal and best interests, an attorney-guardian

ad litem representing the child’s best interests can also represent the child’s

legal interests. Id.

      In the present case, representatives of KidsVoice met with each of

Mother’s verbal Children and determined that the best and legal interests for

each one was aligned and that no conflict existed that would preclude

KidsVoice from being appointed as counsel for each of them in the termination

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proceedings.   Moreover, the trial judge in the instant case entered seven

separate orders, all dated June 9, 2017, decreeing that KidsVoice be appointed

as counsel for each child in the contested termination of parental rights

proceedings.    See K.R., supra (requiring that in every contested TPR

proceedings, courts place order on record formalizing appointment of counsel

for child under section 2313(a)).

      Here, it is clear that the parties and the trial court recognized the

discrete functions of counsel and GALs in such cases and, critically, made a

determination with regard to each child as to whether there was a conflict

between his or her legal and best interests, while also recognizing that the

preferred outcomes of the youngest children, Devlin J. and Deneya J., were

incapable of being ascertained. T.S., supra at 1092 (attorney-GAL who is

present and representing child’s best interests can properly fulfill the role of

section 2313(a) counsel, “where . . . child at issue is too young to be able to

express a preference as to the outcome of the proceedings.”).

      Where Mother’s objection to KidsVoice’s appointment as counsel in the

termination proceedings was based on pure speculation that the situation

posed the “risk” of a conflict of interest arising, we have no reason to disturb

the court’s order appointing KidsVoice as counsel in light of the holding of T.S.

Accordingly, we conclude that there was no error in the court’s appointment

of KidsVoice as Children’s counsel in the termination proceedings where, after

having interviewed each verbal child to determine his and her wishes, no

apparent conflict of legal and best interests existed.

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       Mother also contends that the trial court improperly terminated her

parental rights under section 2511(b) of the Adoption Act, where it found that

termination would best serve the needs and welfare of Children and where

there was insufficient evidence to determine what emotional effect termination

of Mother’s parental rights would have on Children.6       Specifically, Mother

argues that the court did not have any evidence before it to determine the

current relationship among her and Children, independent of the 14-month

no-contact period between the parties.

       In a proceeding to terminate parental rights involuntarily, the
       burden of proof is on the party seeking termination to establish
       by clear and convincing evidence the existence of grounds for
       doing so. The standard of clear and convincing evidence is defined
       as testimony that is so “clear, direct, weighty and convincing as
       to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without
       hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” It is well
       established that a court must examine the individual
       circumstances of each and every case and consider all
       explanations offered by the parent to determine if the evidence in
       light of the totality of the circumstances clearly warrants
       termination.

In re adoption of S.M., 816 A.2d 1117, 1122 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation

omitted). We review a trial court’s decision to involuntarily terminate parental

rights for an abuse of discretion or error of law. In re A.R., 837 A.2d 560,

____________________________________________

6 We note that Mother concedes CYF clearly and convincingly established
threshold grounds for termination under section 2511(a)(2).            See 23
Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2) (“The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,
neglect or refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without essential
parental care, control or subsistence necessary for his physical or mental well-
being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or
refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent.”).

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563 (Pa. Super. 2003). Our scope of review is limited to determining whether

the trial court’s order is supported by competent evidence. Id.

     Under section 2511(b):

     § 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination

         (b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the
         rights of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
         developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare
         of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated
         solely on the basis of environmental factors such as
         inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and
         medical care if found to be beyond the control of the parent.
         With respect to any petition filed pursuant to subsection[s]
         (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any efforts by
         the parent to remedy the conditions described therein which
         are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the
         filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b). The emotional needs and welfare of the child have

been properly interpreted to include “[i]ntangibles such as love, comfort,

security, and stability.” In re K.M., 53 A.3d 781, 791 (Pa. Super. 2012). In

In re E.M., 620 A.2d 481, 485 (Pa. 1993), our Supreme Court held that the

determination of the child’s “needs and welfare” requires consideration of the

emotional bonds between the parent and child. The “utmost attention” should

be paid to discerning the effect on the child of permanently severing the

parental bond.   In re K.M., 53 A.3d at 791.        However, “common sense

dictates that courts considering termination must also consider whether the

children are in a pre-adoptive home and whether they have a bond with their

foster parents.” In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 268 (Pa. 2013), citing In re

K.M., 53 A.3d at 791.

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      Here, intangible factors such as the safety, needs, love, comfort,

security and stability that Children enjoy with their foster families and the

impact that continuing those beneficial relationships has upon their emotional

and developmental well-being weigh in favor of termination under section

2511(b). Mother’s prolonged lack of contact with Children due to the court’s

no-contact order is, undeniably, a result of her criminal behavior inflicted upon

Children -- behavior that caused Children to suffer varying degrees of physical

injuries.

      At    the   termination   hearing,   Doctor   Terry   O’Hara,   a   licensed

psychologist, testified that Mother was in no position to appropriately care for

the Children’s needs and welfare, N.T. Termination Hearing, 8/3/17, at 89,

that Children would be at risk for exposure to significant psychological issues

in Mother’s care, id., and that the last time he had observed and evaluated

the three older Children interacting with Mother, he did not have “significant

evidence at that time of significant attachment of security of any of the

children with [M]other.” Id. at 101. He further testified that “there wouldn’t

[have been] the opportunity to really strengthen the attachment, the security

of attachment for the children with [M]other” since his evaluation. Id.

      Viewing the record in its entirety, we conclude that terminating Mother’s

parental rights would serve Children’s developmental, physical and emotional

needs and welfare. Any unhealthy bonds or attachments Children have with

Mother have caused them to suffer for far too long. Thus, the court did not

abuse its discretion in involuntarily terminating Mother’s parental rights to

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Children under section 2511(b).     See In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d at 251,

(termination under section 2511(b) proper where it best served children’s

needs and welfare to sever bond with mother permanently; children had been

exposed to prolonged, unhealthy, “pathological” emotional bonds with Mother

who had physically abused and neglected them).

     Orders affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 12/21/2018

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