Court Opinion

ID: 8188859
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-09 23:11:43.154375+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:40:22.656929
License: Public Domain

Keewist, J.
The only questions for determination upom this appeal are: (1) Whether George Bartle, deceased, occupied the Hotel Grand as his homestead. (2) If he did, did' he ever forfeit his homestead rights? (3) Has the plaintiff" a purchase-money lien on defendant’s portion of the proceeds, of the hotel property, or is she entitled to subject such proceeds to the claims of creditors ?
*3961. Counsel for appellant attacks the law respecting homestead rights in real estate held by tenants in common as it stood before it was amended by eh. 269, Laws of 1901, and contends that ch. 269, Laws of 1901, does not apply, because it went into’ effect after the plaintiff’s debt was contracted. West v. Ward, 26 Wis. 579, is cited to our attention upon this point. When this case was decided there was no statute allowing homestead rights in lands held in common, and this court, in referring to the fact that the statute made no provision in such case, said, at page 581:
“The law might very reasonably provide that in such case the undivided interest should be exempt. So it might also very reasonably provide that a homestead might be claimed in any undivided interest, establishing at the same time some mode by which it should be set apart and ascertained. Perhaps such provisions would be no more than the spirit of the constitutional provision upon this subject fairly requires. But the legislature has done neither, and the courts cannot supply the defect, if it is one. The law as made provides only for a homestead to be set apart by metes and bounds out of that which is owned and occupied in severalty.”
After this decision the legislature sought to remedy the defect pointed out in West v. Ward, and we find in sec. 2983, R. S. 1878, the provision that “such exemption shall extend to land, not exceeding, altogether, the amount aforesaid, owned by a husband and wife jointly, or in common, and to the interest therein of a tenant in common or two or more tenants in common having a homestead thereon, with the consent, expressed or implied, of the cotenants, and to any estate less than a fee held by any person by lease or otherwise.” This provision was continued in sec. 2983, Stats. (1898), and substantially in ch. 269, Laws of 1901, the latter amendment limiting the value of the homestead to .$5,000. Before this amendment the cotenant was entitled to the undivided interest for a home'stead with the consent of his cotenant, regardless of its value, and in case of sale the proceeds were ex*397empt. There can be no doubt, therefore, that the law as it stood before 1901 as effectually protected a cotenant’s homestead right as it does since the passage of eh. 269, Laws of 1901, so we see no force in the position of counsel that the amendment of 1901 went into effect after the debt of plaintiff had been contracted. The law as it stood in sec. 2983, Stats. (1898), prior to 1901, was ample to protect a cotenant when the occupation was with the consent, express or implied, of the cotenant. West v. Ward, 26 Wis. 579; Phelps v. Rooney, 9 Wis. 70; Upman v. Second Ward Bank, 15 Wis. 449; Harriman v. Queen Ins. Co. 49 Wis. 71, 5 N. W. 12; Binzel v. Grogan, 67 Wis. 147, 29 N. W. 895; Palmer v. Hawes, 80 Wis. 474, 50 N. W. 341; 21 Cye. 458. Moreover, in the instant case the homestead interest is of less value than $5,000, hence comes within eh. 269, Laws of 1901.
But it is insisted that the findings to the effect that George Bartle had a homestead in the hotel are not supported by the evidence. It is too well settled to admit of discussion or citation of authorities that this court cannot disturb the findings below unless against the clear preponderance of the evidence. Treseder v. Burgor, 130 Wis. 201, 109 N. W. 957; Philip Meyer Co. v. Sheboygan C. Co. 102 Wis. 535, 78 N. W. 1119; Crawford v. Christian, 102 Wis. 51, 78 N. W. 406; Guetzhow Bros. Co. v. A. H. Andrews & Co. 92 Wis. 214, 66 N. W. 119. It is insisted that the evidence is conclusive that the hotel was built to. rent. But the acts and declarations of George Bartle do not support this contention. As the court below found, he occupied the hotel as his dwelling and left it because of ill health; that at the time he so occupied it he had no other homestead, and had no other up to the time of his death. There is evidence that he sold the homestead he owned and put the proceeds into the hotel building; that he intended to keep the hotel as his homestead, and return to and reoccupy it as his homestead when able. There is direct evidence that the hotel was not built to rent; *398also considerable evidence that George Bartle intended to oc-•eupy the hotel as his dwelling, coupled with the fact that he did so occupy it until his health failed, and that he ceased to -occupy it because of ill health, leaving household furniture stored therein, and stating that he intended to- return when he regained his health.
But it is argued there was no consent, express or implied, on the part of J. L. Bartle. Exemption laws should be liberally construed to carry out the legislative purpose, and it is quite clear from the language used in the statute, “expressed or-implied” consent, that the legislature intended to 'make acquiescence on the part of the cotenant, under such circumstances as raise a presumption of consent, sufficient without further proof. The word “consent” is sometimes "treated as synonymous with “assent,” “acquiescence,” and '“concurrence.” 2 Words & Phrases, 1439. And the word “consent” has been defined to be an agreement of the inind to what is proposed or stated by another. Plummer v. Comm. 1 Bush, 76. It has also been defined as “the accord of minds,” “to think alike,” “approval,” “approbation.” 8 Cyc. 584. “Implied consent” is defined to- be “that manifested by signs, actions, or facts, or by inaction or silence, which raise a presumption that the consent has been given.” Black, Law Dict. 254; Bouv. Law Dict. 400. It is manifest that the use of the words “expressed or implied” consent in the statute was for the purpose of obviating the necessity of proof of consent directly given either viva voce or in writing. White v. People, 81 Ill. 333, 337; State v. Millain, 3 Rev. 409; Eldridge v. Adams, 54 Barb. 417, 421; Bouv. Law Dict. 400.
2. The court below found that George Bartle moved out of the hotel because of ill health, and intended to return and reoccupy the same as a homestead when his health would permit, and that he reserved rooms therein, kept the key, and stored household furniture therein, and did not forfeit his homestead rights. We shall not review the evidence upon *399this point, hut 'will say that after careful examination we find it sufficient to support the findings. The mere temporary removal under the circumstances disclosed by the evidence with the intention to reoccupy was not sufficient to impair the homestead rights of George Bartle in the hotel property. Sec. 2983, Stats. (1898); McDermott v. Kernan, 72 Wis. 268, 39 N. W. 537; Herrick v. Graves, 16 Wis. 157; Phillips v. Root, 68 Wis. 128, 31 N. W. 712; Shirland v. Union Nat. Bank, 65 Iowa, 96, 21 N. W. 200; Tumlinson v. Swinney, 22 Ark. 400, 76 Am. Dec. 432; Omaha B. Asso. v. Zeller, 4 Neb. (Unof.) 198, 93 N. W. 762; Blumer v. Albright, 64 Neb. 249, 89 N. W. 809; Black v. Black’s Adm’r (Ky.) 12 S. W. 147; Davis v. Prichard (Ky.) 7 S. W. 549; Kenley v. Hudelson, 99 Ill. 493; Edwards v. Reid, 39 Neb. 645, 58 N. W. 202; Duffey v. Willis, 99 Mo. 132, 12 S. W. 520; Reske v. Reske, 51 Mich. 541, 16 N. W. 895.
3. It is further insisted that plaintiff has a purchase-money lien. This claim is based upon the fact that the money of plaintiff was furnished to construct the hotel and was actually nsed for that purpose. We have been cited to no case, and have found none, where a lien has been enforced independent of statute upon facts similar to those in the case before us. If upon equitable principles a lien can be enforced against real estate merely because the creditor’s money has gone into buildings situate thereon, no reason is perceived why such lien should not be enforced in equity on account of building material furnished and attached to the realty independent of compliance with mechanic’s lien statute. It is very clear, therefore, that where money is loaned, as in this case, upon a promissory note, the mere fact that it was understood it should be used and was in fact used in the construction of buildings upon real estate gives the creditor no lien upon such real estate. The cases cited by plaintiff are purchase-money lien cases, and rest upon entirely different principles. Tobey v. McAllister, 9 Wis. 463, was where this court enforced a lien on real estate for the purchase money, when the *400vendor was induced by fraud to accept notes and mortgages for balance of purchase money wbicb were worthless. The court bases the decision on the principle that the purchaser of property ought not to be allowed to keep it, and not pay the consideration money, under the circumstances disclosed. The decision was based upon the doctrine of the right, to enforce a vendor’s lien. Willard v. Reas, 26 Wis. 540, was also an action to enforce a vendor’s lien for unpaid purchase money, and in this case the doctrine is recognized that taking a note or bond or distinct security by itself, or taking the responsibility of a third person, is evidence that the seller did not repose upon the lien, but upon independent security, and it discharged the lien. De Forest v. Holum, 38 Wis. 516, was an action to enforce payment of purchase money by foreclosure on the ground of vendor’s lien. Crowe v. Colbeth, 63 Wis. 643, 24 N. W. 478, is also an action to enforce a vendor’s lien. It will be seen that the doctrine of the foregoing cases cited by appellant have no analogy to the instant case. Counsel for appellant sees no equity in allowing a vendor’s lien for the purchase money of a lot and denying it to one who furnishes money to build a house on the lot; but, whatever the reason of the rule may be, it is clear under the authorities that the lien is not allowed in the latter case, but is confined to the vendor’s lien. 2 Warvelle, Vendors (2d ed.) § 690; Wilkinson v. Parmer, 82 Ala. 367, 3 South. 4; Peters v. Tunell, 43 Minn. 473, 45 N. W. 867; Exch. & D. Bank v. Bradley, 15 Lea, 279; 2 Warvelle, Vendors (2d ed.) §§ 678, 686. Sec. 2983 exempts homesteads from the debts of the owner, except laborers’, mechanics’, purchase-money liens, mortgages, and taxes. The purchase-money liens referred to in this statute clearly mean vendors’ liens for purchase money. Carey v. Boyle, 53 Wis. 574, 581, 11 N. W. 47; Spear v. Evans, 51 Wis. 42, 8 N. W. 20; Chopin v. Runte, 75 Wis. 361, 44 N. W. 258.
4. It is further insisted by appellant that if she cannot maintain her claim for a lien, still the proceeds can be reached *401in this action under sec. 3835, Stats. (1898), and several authorities are cited upon this proposition. The interest of George Bartle in tbe hotel being his homestead was exempt from all claims of his creditors, and the transfer to defendant was valid and cannot be set aside by his creditors nor the proceeds in defendant’s hands subjected to their claims under sec. 3835, Stats. (1898). The authorities cited under this branch of appellant’s argument, therefore, have no application, since they all relate to property not exempt from execution.
We therefore hold that the findings are supported by the evidence; that the interest of George Bartle in the Hotel Grand property was his homestead, and that the conveyance thereof to defendant was valid; that plaintiff had no lien upon the hotel property or the assets in the hands of defendant derived therefrom. It follows, therefore, that the judgment must be affirmed.
By the Qowrt. — The judgment of the court below is affirmed.