Court Opinion

ID: 9942838
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-21 21:09:30.016166+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:44:44.745164
License: Public Domain

251 W. 74 Owners Corp. v New York State Div. of
             Hous. & Community Renewal
               2024 NY Slip Op 30488(U)
                    February 14, 2024
           Supreme Court, New York County
        Docket Number: Index No. 159165/2023
                  Judge: Arlene P. Bluth
Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip
 Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York
 State and local government sources, including the New
   York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.
 This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official
                       publication.
                                                                                                                       INDEX NO. 159165/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 25                                                                                             RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/14/2024

            SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
            COUNTY OF NEW YORK: PART 14
            -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------X
                251 WEST 74 OWNERS CORP.,                                                          INDEX NO.         159165/2023

                                                         Petitioner,
                                                                                                   MOTION DATE        01/19/2024
                                                -v-
                                                                                                   MOTION SEQ. NO.        001
                NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF HOUSING AND
                COMMUNITY RENEWAL, PAMELA TRESTER,
                SALVATORE VITTO, MARK BLACK, LAURIE WOLKO
                                                                                                    DECISION + ORDER ON
                                                         Respondents.                                     MOTION
            -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

            HON. ARLENE P. BLUTH:

            The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 001) 1- 13, 14, 15, 16,
            17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
            were read on this motion to/for                             ARTICLE 78                            .

                      The petition to vacate the decision by New York State Division of Housing and

            Community Renewal (“DHCR”) is granted.

            Background

                      Petitioner is the owner of a co-op building located at 251 West 74th Street in Manhattan.

            Respondents Trester, Vitto, Black and Wolko (rent stabilized tenants, hereinafter “tenants1”) rent

            their units from the shareholder Covington Realty, LLC (“Covington”). Covington owns the

            shares associated with several units in the building. The tenants filed a DHCR complaint against

            petitioner seeking a rent reduction after the building’s washer and dryer became inoperable.

                      Although the DHCR complaint raised the possibility that Covington might receive less

            rent from the tenants, Covington was never named or served in the underlying DHCR case.

            1
             Technically, these people are actually subtenants because they rent the unit from the proprietary lessee and not
            directly from the petitioner. Nevertheless, they are rent stabilized tenants and will be referred to here as tenants.
            But it is important to note that they are not tenants of petitioner and do not pay rent to petitioner.

                159165/2023 251 WEST 74 OWNERS CORP., vs. NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF HOUSING                           Page 1 of 6
                AND COMMUNITY RENEWAL ET AL
                Motion No. 001

                                                                           1 of 6
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                                                                                                  INDEX NO. 159165/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 25                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/14/2024

            Instead, the DHCR complaint named “251 West 74 Owners Corp c/o Sackman Enterprises,

            LLC.” (NYSCEF Doc. No. 21). Although Sackman Enterprises, LLC is the managing agent for

            both petitioner and Covington, Covington was never directly named as a party or served in the

            administrative proceeding.

                   Petitioner claims it never received notice of the underlying proceeding wherein DHCR

            issued an initial rent reduction to the tenants (although the DHCR did not deem that assertion

            credible [NYSCEF Doc. No. 2, n 4]). Following the initial decision, petitioner filed a Petition

            for Administrative Review (“PAR”), claiming that it was the wrong entity to receive the rent

            reduction order because Covington owns the apartment shares and is the entity collecting rent

            from the tenants. Petitioner requested that the order be vacated because petitioner had no

            landlord/tenant relationship with Tenants and there was no basis to impose the order.

                   DHCR denied petitioner’s request. According to DHCR, the Rent Stabilization Code and

            the General Business Law must be read in conjunction with one another to understand what the

            term “owner” contemplates. Specifically, General Business Law (“GBL”) § 352-eeee (3)

            provides:

                   All dwelling units occupied by non-purchasing tenants shall be managed by the
                   same managing agent who manages all other dwelling units in the building or group
                   of buildings or development. Such managing agent shall provide to non-purchasing
                   tenants all services and facilities required by law on a non-discriminatory basis. The
                   offeror shall guarantee the obligation of the managing agent to provide all such
                   services and facilities until such time as the offeror surrenders control to the board
                   of directors or board of managers, at which time the cooperative corporation or the
                   condominium association shall assume responsibility for the provision of all
                   services and facilities required by law on a non-discriminatory basis.

                   Thus, DHCR found that “all owners, including managing agents, have overlapping

            virtually concurrent responsibility to provide required services,” (NYSCEF Doc. No. 18 at 5).

            Additionally, DHCR held that if an agent does not provide required services, “responsibility lies

             159165/2023 251 WEST 74 OWNERS CORP., vs. NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF HOUSING         Page 2 of 6
             AND COMMUNITY RENEWAL ET AL
             Motion No. 001

                                                          2 of 6
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                                                                                                  INDEX NO. 159165/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 25                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/14/2024

            with the sponsor, co-op corporation/condo association, as well as the proprietary lessee/condo

            unit owner.” (id. at 5). Thus, DHCR found that owner does not just mean individual unit owner,

            and petitioner, as owner of the co-op, is obligated to maintain building-wide services.

                   Petitioner now brings this proceeding to vacate the PAR decision issued by DHCR.

            Petitioner contends that the decision twisted the definition of owner too much and disregarded

            the fact that tenants did not name the unit shareholder, Covington, in the complaint, and that the

            tenants do not pay any rent directly to petitioner.

                   In opposition, respondent DHCR contends that the PAR decision was neither arbitrary

            nor capricious. DHCR argues that it properly named the petitioner as the owner of the building

            and properly reduced the rents of the tenants. Furthermore, it contends that the administrative

            record clearly shows that the PAR decision has a rational basis. DHCR asserts that owners of

            buildings with rent regulated apartments must maintain services to the rent-stabilized tenants,

            and any lack of maintenance may result in a reduction of rent for the tenants. Respondent argues

            that DHCR properly relied on General Business Law to conclude that petitioner is the

            appropriate entity named in the complaint, as it bears responsibility to provide services to rent

            stabilized tenants. Furthermore, the Rent Stabilization Code defines an owner to include co-

            operative corporations, as control of the building area is held by petitioner, not any one

            apartment owner such as a landlord.

                   In reply, petitioner contends that DHCR erroneously relied on General Business Law

            because this statutory framework was meant to apply to condominiums that were undergoing a

            conversion to a cooperative. Because the building at issue converted over thirty years ago, this

            law does not apply. Petitioner further argues that DHCR erroneously conflated the owner and the

            managing agent of a building (Sackman Enterprises, LLC), when the statute does not

             159165/2023 251 WEST 74 OWNERS CORP., vs. NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF HOUSING         Page 3 of 6
             AND COMMUNITY RENEWAL ET AL
             Motion No. 001

                                                           3 of 6
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                                                                                                    INDEX NO. 159165/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 25                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/14/2024

            contemplate these separate entities as interchangeable. Petitioner asserts that the rent reduction

            affects only non-party Covington and is therefore a clear violation of due process.

            Discussion

                   “In reviewing an administrative agency determination, [courts] must ascertain whether

            there is a rational basis for the action in question or whether it is arbitrary and capricious. An

            action is arbitrary and capricious when it is taken without sound basis in reason or regard to the

            facts. If the court finds that the determination is supported by a rational basis, it must sustain the

            determination even if the court concludes that it would have reached a different result than the

            one reached by the agency. Further, courts must defer to an administrative agency's rational

            interpretation of its own regulations in its area of expertise” (Matter of Peckham v Calogero, 12

            NY3d 424, 431, 883 NYS2d 751 [2009] [internal quotations and citations omitted]).

                   “An elementary and fundamental requirement of due process is notice reasonably

            calculated, under all the circumstances, to apprise interested parties of the pendency of the

            action and afford them an opportunity to present their objections.” (McCann v Scaduto, 71

            NY2d 164, 173, 524 NYS2d 398 [1987] [internal citations and quotations omitted]).

                   The petition is granted. Quite simply, the DHCR ordered that these tenants did not have

            to pay to Covington the amount listed in the lease without ever naming Covington in the case or

            notifying Covington that its tenants were seeking a rent reduction. The entire process was done

            without giving Covington notice and that is a clear violation of due process. Certainly, before an

            administrative agency issues an order that, in effect, takes money away from Covington, it is

            necessary that Covington be given notice and an opportunity to be heard.

             159165/2023 251 WEST 74 OWNERS CORP., vs. NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF HOUSING            Page 4 of 6
             AND COMMUNITY RENEWAL ET AL
             Motion No. 001

                                                           4 of 6
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                                                                                                  INDEX NO. 159165/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 25                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/14/2024

                   As noted by petitioner, any rent reduction necessarily affects a party that was not

            included in the initial complaint filed with DHCR—Covington. Even though Covington and

            petitioner share the same managing agent as required by GBL § 352-eeee (3) (cited above), that

            does not mean that they are one entity or interchangeable. Sackman Enterprises LLC was only

            serving as an agent of petitioner when it received the papers naming petitioner. The Court

            cannot simply assume that this notice was “good enough” where Covington was not named in

            the DHCR complaint.

                   The fact is that due process is about fairness. Here, there is a DHCR order that reduces

            the rent owed to an entity that never had a chance to appear and have a say in the proceedings

            before DHCR. It may be that the decision would be the same had Covington appeared – no one

            contests that the laundry facilities were shut down. But Covington should still have been given

            notice and the opportunity to be heard.

                   DHCR’s reliance on General Business Law § 352-eeee(3) to extract a definition for the

            term “owner” as referred to in the Rent Stabilization Law does not compel a different outcome.

            The issue presented here is not who constitutes an owner, but what party has an interest in the

            complaint filed by the tenants. It is obvious that the party who receives monthly rental payments,

            Covington, has an interest in an administrative proceeding where the payments it receives are

            reduced.

                   No amount of sophistry concerning the definition of owner changes the simple fact that

            the DHCR issued an order directly affecting Covington despite knowing full well that Covington

            was never named, served, or appeared in this case. Not only is Covington an essential party to a

            case where monies due to it are lowered, but the petitioner here, the building owner, has no right

            to collect or forgive any rent the tenants owe to Covington. While the petitioner may be

             159165/2023 251 WEST 74 OWNERS CORP., vs. NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF HOUSING         Page 5 of 6
             AND COMMUNITY RENEWAL ET AL
             Motion No. 001

                                                          5 of 6
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                                                                                                   INDEX NO. 159165/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 25                                                                         RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/14/2024

            responsible to restore the services, no order can be made regarding the rent owed to Covington

            without Covington being named and served.

                    Accordingly, it is hereby

                    ADJUDGED that the petition is granted and the DHCR’s rent reduction order and all

            monetary findings and rent reductions are vacated as Covington was not named; and it is further

                    ORDERED that Petitioner shall recover from respondent costs and disbursements related

            to this proceeding as awarded by the Clerk upon presentation of proper papers therefor.

                    2/14/2024                                                           $SIG$
                      DATE                                                      ARLENE P. BLUTH, J.S.C.
             CHECK ONE:               X   CASE DISPOSED                  NON-FINAL DISPOSITION

                                                                                                  □
                                      X   GRANTED             DENIED     GRANTED IN PART              OTHER

             APPLICATION:                 SETTLE ORDER                   SUBMIT ORDER

                                                                                                  □
             CHECK IF APPROPRIATE:        INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN     FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT        REFERENCE

             159165/2023 251 WEST 74 OWNERS CORP., vs. NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF HOUSING          Page 6 of 6
             AND COMMUNITY RENEWAL ET AL
             Motion No. 001

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