Court Opinion

ID: 4001388
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-06 10:58:01.76765+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:56:13.420776
License: Public Domain

1 Reported in 157 P.2d 927.
In December, 1939, public utility district No. 1 of Okanogan county, a county-wide district, passed the necessary resolutions to institute a condemnation of the major part of the electric power properties of The Washington Water Power Company, situated in that county. The judgment in the condemnation case was, however, not entered until February 4, 1943. On appeal, modifications were ordered by this court in a decision rendered on April 7, 1944 (20 Wash. 2d 384, 147 P.2d 923), and final judgment incorporating them was entered on October 30, 1944.
On November 30, 1944, the district, as a step toward financing the transaction, purported to amend or supplement the resolutions of 1939, upon which the condemnation action was based, by providing for a bond issue of a face value of $2,702,000, a much larger amount than that contemplated by the resolutions passed in 1939. It was provided that the bonds to be issued should bear date December 1, 1944. On the same date, that is, November 30, 1944, the district, by resolution No. 49, accepted the bid of the Ballard-Hassett Company of Des Moines, Iowa, in the amount of $2,608,943.12. This agreement, as is shown *Page 726 
by resolution No. 50, also passed the same day, was upon the condition that a decree of appropriation should be entered in the condemnation suit.
The appellants began this action for an injunction on December 6, 1944. The commission demurred to the complaint on December 19, 1944, and on December 26th the district notified the condemnee, The Washington Water Power Company, that it would present a decree of appropriation in the condemnation suit on January 17, 1945. A day or two previously, the appellants filed an amended complaint in which they prayed for the following relief: (1) a temporary injunction enjoining the defendants from issuing, or contracting to issue, or from consummating the sale of, bonds in excess of $2,000,000, and enjoining the defendants from using any moneys realized in excess of $2,000,000 from the sale of bonds for payment in connection with the entry of a decree of appropriation; (2) for a permanent injunction to the same effect.
By stipulation and agreement between the parties, a hearing was held on the merits on January 5, 1945, before the Honorable Ralph O. Olson, judge of the superior court of Whatcom county, who had tried the condemnation action. He was asked to make a prompt decision. He notified the parties on January 10th that he would deny the injunction and suggested a dismissal. A formal judgment to that effect was entered on January 16th, from which this appeal was taken on January 17th.
On January 22nd, appellants filed a petition seeking to restrain the district from going forward with the matter until the appeal should have been heard and determined. It will be sufficient for our present purpose to say that a temporary restraining order was issued on appellants' filing a $25,000 cash bond, and another date was set for a hearing on the matter of the temporary injunction. The department which heard the matter the second time was unable to reach a decision, and the court was assembled to hear it En Banc. In the meantime, the parties had stipulated that the appeal might be heard on its merits on March 30th. The court, sitting En Banc, on February *Page 727 
14th replaced the restraining order by an injunction pendentelite. The case was heard on its merits on March 30th.
To a certain degree, the merits of the matter were argued on all four of these hearings, since it was incumbent upon appellants to show some possible merit to the appeal in order to secure the stay orders. The records of the court show that all nine of the judges have heard argument on the matter twice; three of them, four times; and six, three times. We call attention to this to indicate that the merits have been thoroughly considered, because that may not seem clearly apparent from this opinion. For, since we have concluded to affirm the judgment and order appealed from, we think it important to both parties that our decision be announced as promptly as may be; important to the district, since it will enable it to take the necessary steps at once to complete the condemnation which has now been pending for more than five years; and to the appellants, because the decision will prevent the possible accrual of further liability on their bond. Accordingly, this opinion must be somewhat hastily prepared.
The position taken by the adversary parties makes it necessary to discuss at least two questions: (1) Did the appellants have the legal capacity to bring this action? (2) Will the district, by issuing, or attempting to issue, bonds in the amount of $2,702,000, so far depart from the statute as to vitiate the whole condemnation proceedings?
[1] As to the first question, it is our opinion that the condemnee, The Washington Water Power Company, must have the right, until the condemnation is finally concluded by a decree of appropriation, to raise a question as to the effectiveness of the condemnation, although it cannot go behind the judgment directed by this court on its appeal from the condemnation award.
[2] The individual appellants assert rights as taxpayers and as long-time users of electric power who are so situated that they must remain so if the property passes into the hands of the district. As taxpayers, their position seems somewhat tenuous, since the bonds involved are *Page 728 
payable from revenues only. But, as persons dependent upon the utility, they have an interest in the matter, somewhat minor, of course, as individuals. However, in such an action as this, we think they should be regarded as representatives of all of the great number of persons similarly situated. From that point of view, we think they had the capacity to join in prosecuting this action. With this somewhat summary disposition of the first question — perhaps, too summary — we pass to the merits.
The respondent district is organized under and pursuant to chapter 1, p. 3, Laws of 1931. This act, which is codified in Remington's Revised Statutes as §§ 11605 — 11616 [P.C. §§ 4498-11 — 4498-22], inclusive, is commonly referred to as the Bone power bill. It was first proposed to the legislature by the people under the procedure provided in amendment seven to the state constitution. The legislative history of the act is concisely shown on page 30 of the Laws of 1931, as follows:
"Filed in office of secretary of state October 25, 1928.
"Submitted to the Legislature January 21, 1929.
"Rejected by the Legislature February 1, 1929.
"Passed by vote of the people at the general election November 4, 1930."
The act contains twelve sections, and is, in all, thirty pages in length. The first five sections provide for the establishment of public utility districts by popular vote. Section 6 (Rem. Rev. Stat., § 11610 [P.C. § 4498-16] (b)) confers extremely broad powers upon the commissions of such districts when organized. It is with the following language of that section, and particularly that which we italicized with which we are now concerned:
"All public utility districts organized under the provisions of this act shall have power: . . .
"(b) To . . . condemn and purchase . . . plants, plant facilities and systems for generating electric energy by water power, steam or other methods, . . . buildings, structures, poles and pole lines, and cables and conduits and any and all other facilities, and to exercise the right of eminent domain to effectuate the foregoing purposes . . . and such right ofeminent domain shall *Page 729 be exercised and instituted pursuant to resolution of thecommission and conducted in the same manner and by the sameprocedure as is or may be provided by law for the exercise of thepower of eminent domain by incorporated cities and towns of theState of Washington in the acquisition of like property andproperty rights. . . ."
We are also vitally concerned with a portion of § 7 of the act (Rem. Rev. Stat., § 11611 [P.C. § 4498-17]), and particularly with that language which we have italicized:
"Whenever the commission shall deem it advisable that the public utility district purchase, purchase and condemn, acquire, or construct any such public utility, or make any additions or betterments thereto, or extensions thereof, the commission shallprovide therefor by resolution, which shall specify and adopt thesystem or plan proposed, and declare the estimated cost thereof,as near as may be, and specify whether general or utilityindebtedness is to be incurred, the amount of such indebtedness, the amount of interest and the time in which all general bonds (if any) shall be paid, not to exceed thirty years. In the event the proposed general indebtedness to be incurred will bring the indebtedness of the public utility district to an amount exceeding one and one-half per cent (1 1/2%) of the taxable property of the public utility district, the proposition of incurring such indebtedness and the proposed plan or system shall be submitted to the qualified electors of said public utility district for their assent at the next general election held in such public utility district.
"Whenever the commission (or a majority of the qualified voters of such public utility district, voting at said election, when it is necessary to submit the same to said voters) shall have adopted a system or plan for any such public utility, as aforesaid, and shall have authorized indebtedness therefor by a three-fifths vote of the qualified voters of such district, voting at said election, general or public utility bonds may be used as hereinafter provided. . . ."
While we have the above quotation directly before us, we desire to point out that the act — as could be even more readily demonstrated if we had space to quote the remaining two and one-half pages of § 7 — sets up, mingled in one section, two different methods of procedure: one where *Page 730 
the funds to be used to pay for the property condemned are to be secured by issuing bonds having no other security behind them than the rosy prospects of the venture; the other, where that security is buttressed by a reserve power to tax. It is easy to see why, under the latter plan, it is required that the resolution shall state the amount of indebtedness to be incurred; otherwise, it could not be determined whether or not an election was required. It seems even easier to see that, if an election were required — and was had — then that amount could not be validly increased thereafter. This was the question presented inUhler v. Olympia, 87 Wash. 1, 151 P. 117, on rehearing, 152 P. 998. The case of Bremerton v. North Pacific Public ServiceCo., 243 Fed. 980, upon which appellants place much reliance, follows the Uhler case and is, in essence, a case of the same type.
It is, however, impossible to assign a plausible reason why the amount of the indebtedness to be incurred is of any special importance when that indebtedness is to be utility indebtedness. Counsel on both sides of this case appeared unable to give any such reason, and we are not able to do so. It was suggested that the provision is so worded merely because the draftsman of the statute was struggling to cover two different situations in the same paragraph in an attempt to achieve a reasonable brevity, and that we may reasonably construe the provision as mandatory when general indebtedness is to be incurred, but no more than directory when utility indebtedness only is involved. The suggestion is by no means fantastic when it is noted that the vast and sweeping powers which this statute gives to the district commissioners are supplemented by the following provision appearing near the end of the act:
"The rule of strict construction shall have no application to this act, but the same shall be liberally construed, in order to carry out the purposes and objects for which this act is intended." Laws of 1931, chapter 1, p. 29, § 11; Rem. Rev. Stat., § 11615 [P.C. § 4498-21]. *Page 731 
However, we do not base our decisions upon that ground. The position taken by the appellants may be outlined as follows:
(1) The statute requires that the condemnation proceedings shall be initiated by a resolution which shall specify and adopt a system or plan declaring the estimated cost thereof, as near as may be, and specify whether general or utility indebtedness is to be incurred, the amount of such indebtedness, the amount of interest, and so forth.
(2) The initiatory resolution passed in December, 1939, stated the estimated cost as $2,000,000 and the amount of indebtedness to be incurred is $2,000,000.
(3) The statute also provides that the right of eminent domain shall be exercised and instituted pursuant to resolution of the commission and in the same manner as is provided by law for the exercise of that right by incorporated cities and towns in the state of Washington in the acquisition of like property.
(4) Those statutes (Rem. Rev. Stat., §§ 9217, 9218, 9488, and 9489 [P.C. §§ 7547, 7548, 1214, and 1215]) provide that, when the right of eminent domain is exercised, an ordinance shall be passed declaring the necessity, adopting the plan, and declaring the estimated cost thereof, as near as may be, and that the petition to condemn shall contain a copy of that ordinance. Hence, the condemnation petition in this case was required to contain a copy of the initial ordinance, and such copy was in fact attached to the complaint in the condemnation action.
(5) After the jury returned their verdict for $2,227,531 on January 2, 1943, upon which judgment was rendered, and later affirmed, with modifications as to interest on the condemnee's appeal, the district purported to amend or supplement its initial resolution of December, 1939, on November 30, 1944, by another resolution stating the estimated cost at $2,702,000 and changing the amount of indebtedness to be incurred to $2,702,000, to be secured by first lien revenue bonds not to exceed $2,300,000, and second lien revenue bonds not to exceed $402,000. *Page 732 
These are true statements as to the law and the facts. The prayer is that the issue of any bonds, other than in the amount of $2,000,000, be permanently enjoined. If the prayer is granted, it is apparent that all the proceedings taken in the condemnation action since its initiation in December, 1939, must go for naught, for lack of funds to pay the judgment and take the property.
We think that the condemnation was conducted pursuant to the resolution. The case was heard, a verdict was returned, judgment was rendered, and that judgment affirmed on appeal to this court. The real question in this case is whether the district could subsequently issue sufficient bonds to acquire funds with which to pay that judgment.
It would seem that the question now raised could, and should, have been raised on the appeal of the condemnation action; for the judgment was $227,531 in excess of the amount stated in the initiatory resolution, and it was known that the district had no way of securing funds other than by issuing bonds. However, the initial resolution provided that the interest rate might be as high as six per cent, and, since it appears that, in November, 1944, $2,702,000 of the district's bonds could be sold for $2,608,943.12, although bearing but three per cent interest, it may be that, on February 4, 1943, when the condemnation judgment was entered, $2,000,000 of six per cent bonds could have been sold at such a premium as to pay the award. We do not know.
[3] But, quite independent of whether or not the appellant power company is foreclosed by not raising the question now raised on its appeal, we think that it has no standing to claim that the district cannot now legally issue bonds for a greater amount than that contemplated in the original resolution. That in no way that we can conceive affects its rights as condemnee. If it receives the amount adjudged to it in the condemnation action, what right has it been denied, and what damage will it suffer? In praying for the injunction pendente lite, it was suggested, or rather argued, that, if the district is allowed *Page 733 
to sell the bonds, as per its agreement with the Ballard-Hassett Company, and pay for, and take, the property, the bonds may subsequently be declared illegal, and the property may come back on the company's hands, its business disrupted, its employees scattered, and its contractual relations with its customers interfered with, for which damage it can have no possible remedy. As an argument for a stay until this appeal is determined, this has merit, but as an argument for the relief ultimately asked, a permanent injunction, it does not; for this decision will in and of itself obviate those dangers.
[4] Nor do we find any merit in the contention made by the individual appellants. Suppose, in the initial resolution, the district had stated the amount of indebtedness to be incurred to be $2,702,000, or, for that matter, $5,000,000. What could they have done about it? Since the bonds to be issued were revenue bonds, no election was necessary. A hearing was not even necessary. A discretion to fix that amount was wholly within the commissioners' powers, not subject to question by anyone whatever. The statute is so exceptionally broad that practically the only restraints on the commissioners of a public utility district as to the amount of bonds to be issued are moral in their nature, as, for example, not to issue bonds in such amounts that there is no surety that they can be serviced and finally retired by such revenue as the utility may be reasonably expected to enjoy.
No fraud is claimed or shown in this case. There is nothing to indicate that the estimated cost stated in the initial resolution was not honestly made. It must be remembered that the estimate was made in December, 1939, and the verdict materially exceeding it was returned in January, 1943. A great deal happened between those dates which may have altered values, among them, the outbreak of the world war. On this question of estimated value, it has been interesting to consult the record in the condemnation case which was formerly here on appeal. It appears that the testimony of the three experts called by the district as to the market value of the property to *Page 734 
be taken was, respectively, as follows: $1,000,000, $1,100,000, and $1,200,000, while the testimony of the two expert witnesses for the condemnee was: $3,500,000 and $4,000,000. Under these circumstances, the estimate arrived at by the district three years earlier cannot reasonably be regarded as fraudulent.
[5] Finally, it must be remembered that an injunction, especially a permanent injunction, will not be granted to restrain acts, however irregular or unauthorized, that occasion no injury to the complainant. It is a familiar principle that the remedy is only available where the injury is actual or positive. It must be a material and actual injury, existing or presently threatened. The condemnee appealed from the judgment entered upon the condemnation verdict, and the judgment was sustained by this court. No fraud has been shown that would warrant the court in setting it aside. It is not open to the condemnee to say now that there was some irregularity in obtaining that judgment which would entitle it to claim damages. It does claim that it is threatened with damage because the district is about to issue bonds in the amount of $2,702,000; its theory being that that amount was attempted to be authorized by a resolution unlawfully passed on November 30, 1944. It is alleged, in the amended complaint in the action, that, if bonds in that amount are issued, the condemnation may be held void, and that, in that event,
". . . The Washington Water Power Company, will suffer irreparable damage and injury by being unlawfully dispossessed of its property, by having its business disorganized and disrupted, by having its employees severed from their employment with said plaintiff corporation, and by having its employees forced to seek employment elsewhere, and by having its contractual relations with its customers interrupted and interfered with."
But, if as we are about to do, we hold that the bonds can be lawfully issued, that threatened damage, however sufficient to entitle the condemnee to bring this action, will, from the moment this opinion is filed, no longer have any existence. *Page 735
[6] Furthermore, the individual appellants have shown no damage or threatened damage. At the hearing in the lower court, it was attempted to show that they would be damaged by the issue of bonds in the sum of $2,702,000. Several were called as witnesses. Mr. Monroe testified that, if the change in the original indebtedness to be incurred was made from $2,000,000 to $2,702,000, he would naturally be damaged, in that it would follow that his bill for electric power would necessarily be greater under the second figure than it would "if the original set-up was carried out." Several others of the individual appellants testified to the same effect; but these witnesses, as counsel for the district pointed out in argument, were not dealing with realities. The "original set-up" obviously can never be carried out. A judgment for $2,227,531 cannot be discharged by a payment of $2,000,000. If additional bonds cannot be issued, the property cannot be taken by virtue of the judgment entered and must remain the property of The Washington Water Power Company, at least until a new condemnation is undertaken and completed, and, as shown earlier in the opinion, it has taken more than five years for this one to arrive at the point which it has now reached. To show any threatened damage to the individual appellants, caused by the issue of bonds in the amount of $2,702,000, it would be necessary to show that, in the future, they would, in such an event, have to pay more for power than they would if the property remained in the ownership of The Washington Water Power Company. Of this there is no evidence or proof.
It is, therefore, our conclusion that, in any event, no damage or threatened damage has been shown that would warrant a court in issuing the permanent injunction which the appellants sought.
The judgment appealed from will stand affirmed. The temporary injunction pendente lite will be dissolved upon the filing of this opinion. The cash deposited in the registry to secure the stay orders and temporary injunction will *Page 736 
remain on deposit, subject to the further order of the court. The remittitur in this case will go down forthwith.
BEALS, C.J., BLAKE, JEFFERS, MALLERY, and GRADY, JJ., concur.