Court Opinion

ID: 9398438
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-31 14:04:21.974704+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:19:33.649362
License: Public Domain

Cite as 2023 Ark. App. 323
                      ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                       DIVISIONS III & IV
                                         No. CV-22-666

                                                    Opinion Delivered   May 31, 2023

LESTER PERRY                                  APPEAL FROM THE LONOKE COUNTY
                                    APPELLANT CIRCUIT COURT
                                              [NO. 43JV-20-146]
V.
                                                    HONORABLE BARBARA ELMORE,
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN                        JUDGE
SERVICES AND MINOR CHILDREN
                          APPELLEES REVERSED AND REMANDED

                                   BART F. VIRDEN, Judge
       Lester Perry appeals the circuit court’s order terminating his parental rights to MC2, MC3,

and MC4. We reverse and remand.

                                          I. Background

       On October 1, 2020, the Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) received a report

that Lester Perry and Tequila Rice were leaving their minor children in their rented room in a home

with no supervision arrangements. The children involved were MC1 (female, born 2005); MC2

(male, born 2011); MC3 (female, born 2015); and MC4 (female, born 2019). During the

investigation, the home’s owner told DHS that Tequila repeatedly went out for indeterminate times

and left MC2, MC3, and MC4 at the home, expecting him to watch the children but without

consulting him. When interviewed, Lester told DHS he was working when this occurred, and he

thought Tequila was watching the children. On November 2, 2020, DHS exercised a hold on all

four children. MC1 was taken into custody that day, but DHS could not locate the younger children.

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The affidavit accompanying the petition for ex parte emergency custody stated that Lester was found

to be the parent of all four children in a prior foster-care case from 2015. The ex parte order entered

on November 5, 2020, lists Lester as the “legal parent” of the four children. Lester and Tequila were

appointed separate parent counsel, each being designated as a “parent or custodian from whom

custody was removed.”

       At the probable-cause hearing, Lester was ordered to complete several services, including

homemaker services, parenting classes, individual counseling, random drug screens, a drug-and-

alcohol assessment, attend NA/AA meetings twice a week, and obtain a psychological evaluation.

He was allowed supervised visits with the four children. Additionally, he was ordered to remain

drug-free, follow the recommendations of any assessments, maintain stable housing and income,

comply with the case plan, cooperate with DHS, maintain contact with DHS, and demonstrate

improved parenting. At the January 5, 2021 adjudication hearing, the circuit court found that the

children were dependent-neglected due to inadequate supervision. The goal of the case was set as

reunification, with a concurrent goal of permanent custody with a family member. Both parents

were allowed supervised visitation twice weekly with the children. Lester was also ordered to obtain

a hair-follicle and nail-bed drug screen. At the review hearing on March 31, 2021, all prior services

were continued. Lester’s compliance was not addressed. The court “withheld” a reasonable-efforts

finding regarding DHS’s attempts to provide services to achieve the goals of the case. DHS was

ordered to conduct random drug-and-alcohol screens at least twice a month, provide Lester with

transportation to his psychological evaluation and drug-and-alcohol assessment, and visit the parents’

home. Lester was not present for the August 4, 2021 review hearing, but his services remained the

same. His compliance was not addressed. At that hearing, the circuit court adjudicated Lester to be

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the father of MC2 and MC3, but DNA testing was ordered as to MC1 and MC4. Tequila’s visitation

was suspended until she “completes 3 services.” At the November 23, 2021 permanency-planning

hearing, the circuit court found Lester in compliance with the case plan and court orders such that

he was making significant and measurable progress and diligently working towards reunification. The

court found that Tequila was not complying with the case plan and court orders. The goal of the case

changed to placement with a parent, guardian, or custodian. DHS was ordered to take Lester within

the next twenty-four hours to have a hair-follicle and nail-bed drug test, complete a walk-through of

Lester’s home, and continue with drug-and-alcohol screens at least twice a month. If Lester was

negative on his hair-follicle and nail-bed drug test, and if there was an approved walk-through of his

home, a motion was to be submitted to facilitate a trial home placement. The record is silent as to

whether DHS completed the court’s directions from this hearing. A fifteen-month hearing was held

on March 29, 2022. At this time, MC1’s goal was changed to another planned-permanent-living

arrangement (“APPLA”), with DHS ordered to work on an independent-living-services plan for her.

The goal for MC2, MC3, and MC4 changed to adoption. The order noted that the younger children

were placed with a relative; however, that relative was not interested in adoption, and the court

found that pursuing termination of parental rights would be in the best interest of the juveniles. Lester

was found to be in partial compliance with the case plan and court orders, and visitation remained as

previously ordered.

        On June 8, 2022, DHS and the attorney ad litem filed a joint termination-of-parental-rights

petition regarding MC2, MC3, and MC4. The petition did not differentiate between the grounds

that applied to Tequila and the grounds that applied to Lester. The grounds pled were as follows:

twelve-month failure to remedy; twelve-month unable to place with a noncustodial parent; failure

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to provide material support or maintain meaningful contact; other subsequent factors; abandonment;

and aggravated circumstances, specifically, little likelihood of reunification. The petition contained

several pages of allegations that were not reflected in the court’s prior orders.

       On July 5, 2022, Lester filed a motion for a trial home placement or, in the alternative,

increased visitation. Lester argued in the motion that he was in full compliance with the case plan and

court orders and that he had obtained a four-bedroom home appropriate for himself and the children.

In the alternative, Lester argued that his compliance warranted an increase to unsupervised overnight

or weekend visitation so he could show the ability to care for his children. Lester requested a hearing

on the motion before the scheduled termination hearing. Attached to the motion was a copy of

Lester’s lease signed on May 24, 2022, and pictures of his apartment. A separate review hearing as

to MC1 was held on July 6, 2022. The circuit court ordered that Lester and MC1 would have

unsupervised visits two times a week from nine a.m. to five p.m. on Lester’s days off from work. At

no time during the visits was MC1 to have any contact with Tequila.

       The termination hearing regarding MC2, MC3, and MC4 was held on July 28, 2022. Lester

was present with counsel, but Tequila was not present. Family service worker (“FSW”) Whitney

Bradley testified that DHS recommended Lester’s and Tequila’s parental rights as to MC2, MC3,

and MC4 be terminated. Whitney testified about how the case opened and said that the children

were adjudicated dependent-neglected due to inadequate supervision. She testified that Lester had

completed his psychological evaluation and that he had moved into a new apartment a month and a

half before the termination hearing. She said she had not been able to do a walk-through of the new

apartment, claiming communication issues with Lester and his work schedule hampered her efforts

to visit the home. Whitney admitted that Lester had completed all the services in the case plan and

                                                   4
had been compliant for at least thirteen months. Whitney testified at length about a visit to Lester’s

former residence on May 5 during which she observed a person under a sheet on a bed in the front

bedroom. Whitney testified that Lester would not tell her who the individual was; and despite never

seeing the person’s face or speaking to the person, Whitney was positive that the person was Tequila.

Whitney also testified that at the staffings in February and June 2022, Lester stated he needed help

from Tequila and did not understand why she could not be around the children. The incident on May

5 and Lester’s statements at the staffings led Whitney to believe that if placed with Lester, the

children would “possibly” be around Tequila. She believed that Tequila is mentally ill, and Lester

“might not be able to protect his kids” from their mother. Whitney also believed that Lester was still

involved with Tequila, who had shown violent behavior when she “busted out the door” at the DHS

office. Whitney did not believe that Lester could take care of the children on his own because he had

never had to do so in the past. Whitney testified that Lester’s work schedule and lack of a driver’s

license hampered increased visitation and progress toward placement, as did his not having a large

enough or appropriate home. Whitney acknowledged that at the beginning of the case, Lester tested

positive for THC, but subsequent drug-and-alcohol screens were consistently negative. He also

submitted to a hair-follicle test on November 24, 2021, as directed by the court at the permanency-

planning hearing, that came back negative for all substances. A copy of the hair-follicle test results

was introduced at that time. Whitney believed that Lester did not start to comply with the case plan

and court orders until about eight months into the case. She also testified that she was not aware of

any issues Lester had with his HUD application, despite admitting that she knew he submitted one

application and that she then helped him with a second application in March. Whitney acknowledged

that Lester never received an opportunity to show that, on his own, he would be able to care for his

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children and keep them safe. She then denied ever seeing any pictures of Lester’s new apartment.

During later testimony, she admitted that she saw them at the hearing regarding MC1 earlier that

month but explained she did not “physically have them in [her] hand.” After reviewing the pictures,

Whitney could not see anything that would be an issue with the home. She testified that Lester stated

in a staffing that the person at his home on May 5 was one of Tequila’s cousins. Other than the

incident on May 5, Whitney did not have any reason to believe that Lester had been around Tequila

or that they had any direct contact with each other. She admitted there were never any allegations

that Tequila had abused any of the children. Whitney at first said Lester was ordered not to have

contact with Tequila, which she later changed to “he knows that he’s not supposed to have contact

with her if he wants the kids back.” Whitney testified that DHS recommended at a hearing earlier

that month that MC1 have unsupervised visits with Lester, but DHS recommended termination for

MC2, MC3, and MC4 because they are younger. She acknowledged that if rights were terminated,

it would sever the younger children’s relationship with MC1 and split up the siblings. Whitney still

thought termination was in the younger children’s best interest. She also believed the children are

adoptable and that there are no barriers to an adoption.

       Phillip Liddekee testified that he worked for DHS. He said he was with Whitney at the visit

to Lester’s home on May 5. He also observed a person in the bed but did not see the person’s face.

Phillip concluded that the person in the bed was Tequila due to “moaning and groaning and some

twitching” that he claimed was identical to how Tequila groaned and moaned when she was mad and

“animated vocally.” He also claimed that he saw Tequila in the parking lot of Lester’s apartment

complex, but Phillip acknowledged that it was a large complex with numerous residents. Also, earlier

in the case, he saw Tequila get into Lester’s car while Lester was inside the DHS office having a visit

                                                  6
with the children. However, Phillip acknowledged that Tequila knew when the weekly visits would

occur because the schedule had not changed. Phillip stated that, except for one court hearing, it had

been over a year since he had any real contact with Tequila. He claimed to know all of both Lester’s

and Tequila’s cousins, and on the basis of that knowledge, Phillip concluded that it was not Tequila’s

cousin at Lester’s house on May 5. Phillip stated that Lester had done everything asked of him, and

Lester is a “good father” who brought his children presents and food to every visit. He stated that

DHS wanted to terminate parental rights because Tequila is unpredictable, and DHS did not believe

that Lester had stayed away from her.

       The foster parent testified that MC2, MC3, and MC4 had been in her home for over a year,

and they were doing well. She wished to adopt the children.

       Lester then testified. He said that when the case opened, he was not aware that Tequila was

leaving the children with their landlord because he was working when this would occur. Lester

acknowledged that the home at that time was not appropriate, but around a month after the children

had been taken into DHS’s custody, he found a three-bedroom trailer. Lester said there were

multiple FSWs throughout the case, and one of the FSWs came out to the trailer and told him it was

not adequate. Lester said he moved into a four-bedroom apartment about two months prior to the

termination hearing after being on a waiting list for HUD housing for approximately eight months.

He said he separated from Tequila around the time of the adjudication hearing, and they had not lived

together since their separation. A copy of the lease and pictures of the apartment were introduced

into evidence. He testified that the apartment is set up and ready for the children to come home that

day. Lester said he had constant contact with MC1, and he saw her almost every day at work. He

said getting transportation set up was the main impediment to her having unsupervised visits at his

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home. He testified that he had worked for over twenty years at McDonald’s, beginning when he was

seventeen years old. Lester said he is able to support himself and the children with his income, and

he would apply for government assistance if needed. He admitted he needed to get his driver’s

license reinstated, and he still owed about $700 in fines. He said he had paid approximately $1300

on his fines, which he paid on a regular basis since this case opened. Lester testified that there is an

affordable taxi service he could use in Jacksonville and that the grocery store is within walking

distance of his home. He knew which schools the children would attend if placed with him, and he

was already on the wait list for daycare and after-school care. Lester submitted additional job

applications at the apartment complex where he lived and at a nursing home; however, he testified

that he has job stability at McDonald’s. Lester admitted he used marijuana at the start of the case but

that he had last used marijuana over a year ago. He still attended NA/AA meetings and produced

sign-in sheets that were introduced as an exhibit. His last positive drug screen was around Mother’s

Day in 2021. Lester testified that it was difficult to start services because, at the beginning of the

case, he was living in Lonoke, while his classes and services were in other places such as Jacksonville,

Cabot, and Little Rock. He explained that he missed the first appointment for his psychological

evaluation because he did not have transportation. Lester stated that there is nothing going on

between him and Tequila. He had not heard from her and did not know where she was living. He

did not believe Tequila knew where he lived because he had only told three or four people that he

moved. He did not have a working number for Tequila, and she had not shown up where he works.

The last time Lester saw her was when she showed up at a visitation and entered his car. His intent

was to keep Tequila from having contact with the children, in part, because she had not done anything

requested by DHS. Lester said his statements at the staffings that Whitney referred to in her

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testimony, were intended to express how he did not understand why Tequila would not “step up”

and do what she needed to do to participate in raising their children. He said it aggravates him that

she had not participated in the case. According to Lester, the person at his home on May 5 was

Tequila’s cousin, Octavia, whom he had not seen since that day. Lester asked for an opportunity to

show that he is able to care for his children and keep them safe. He said he is willing to do “whatever

it takes,” and if Tequila showed up, he would call the police. He acknowledged that Tequila has

mental-health problems, but he stated that she had never hit or hurt any of their children. He did not

think that it was in his younger children’s best interest for his rights to be terminated and for their

relationship with MC1 to be permanently severed. Lester knows his children are “great” and well

behaved, and he would do anything for them. He brought Christmas presents for the children and

brought food and other items to the visits. Lester acknowledged that there a prior DHS foster-care

case that started in 2015 and lasted approximately a year when MC3 was born with drugs in her

system. He admitted that at the time of the hold in the current case, MC1 was living with a twenty-

two-year-old man. He admitted that there was a time when Tequila called during a visit, and he let

her talk to the children. Lester was never asked to pay child support, and DHS had not asked him to

provide any specific items for the children.

       After all parties gave their closing statements, the court ruled from the bench that it was

granting the termination petition. An order reflecting the ruling was entered on August 5, 2022.

The court specifically found Lester’s testimony not credible while finding that the testimony of

Whitney Bradley, Phillip Liddekee, and the foster mother was credible. The court terminated both

Lester’s and Tequila’s rights on the grounds of twelve-month failure to remedy conditions that caused

removal and other subsequent factors. Regarding Lester specifically, the court found that

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        [Lester] has not internalized the services that he has received. The testimony from the
        caseworker and program assistant establishes that [Lester] has continued a relationship with
        [Tequila] and wants her to be a part of the children’s lives. It is clear to the Court that [Lester]
        does not understand why [Tequila] cannot be around the children and he would not protect
        the children from her. The Court finds that his testimony today is not credible.

It also stated, “[T]he parents continue to be unstable and parental fitness continues to be a concern.”

        Lester appealed from the termination decision.

                                          II. Standard of Review

        We review termination-of-parental-rights cases de novo. Hune v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs.,

2010 Ark. App. 543. We will not reverse the circuit court’s ruling unless its findings are clearly

erroneous. Holmes v. Ark. Dep’t. of Hum. Servs., 2016 Ark. App. 495, 505 S.W.3d 730. To terminate

parental rights, the court must find the existence of at least one statutory ground and that it is in the

child’s best interest to terminate. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341 (Supp. 2021); Kohlman v. Ark. Dep’t of

Hum. Servs., 2018 Ark. App. 164, 544 S.W.3d 595. A best-interest finding under the Arkansas

Juvenile Code must include consideration of two factors: the likelihood of adoption and potential

harm. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(A)(i) & (ii). Potential harm must be viewed in a forward-

looking manner and in broad terms. Riggs v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2019 Ark. App. 185, at 5–6,

575 S.W.3d 129, 132.

                                              III. Discussion

                                            A. Paternity of MC4

        On appeal, Lester argues that the circuit court erred in terminating his parental rights to MC4

because he was never legally found to be her parent. We agree. Pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 9-

27-303(41) (Supp. 2021), “parent” means:

            (A) A biological mother;

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            (B) An adoptive parent; or
            (C) A man:
            (i) To whom the biological mother was married at the time of conception or birth;
            (ii) Who has signed an acknowledgment of paternity pursuant to § 9-10-120;
            (iii) Who has been found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be the biological father
        of the juvenile or to have otherwise established paternity; or
            (iv) Who is listed as the parent on the birth certificate of the child.

There is no evidence in the record involving Lester regarding MC4 that satisfies any of those statutory

requirements. The initial finding that he was a “parent” relied on paternity established in a prior DHS

case that occurred before MC4 was born. A DNA test was ordered for Lester regarding MC4, but

the results are not in the record. At the termination hearing, the circuit court stated, “Now, the

Court did order that a DNA on [MC4] be done. She’s part of this case. As far as I know there was

never any DNA, but there has been significant contact. I do find that he was a father of [MC4] with

the significant contact that he’s had.” However, this finding was not reduced to writing or contained

in the termination order. It is essential that an order be entered finding a person to be a parent as

defined in section 9-27-303 (41) in order to terminate the person’s parental rights; acquiescence by

the “father” is not sufficient. Campos v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2022 Ark. App. 221, 644 S.W.3d

465; Earls v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2017 Ark. 171, 518 S.W.3d 81. Lester was adjudicated the

father of MC2 and MC3, so his being named as “father” in pleadings and his receiving parent counsel

is not determinative of the issue regarding MC4. Therefore, the circuit court clearly erred in

terminating Lester’s parental rights to MC4 because his parental status regarding MC4 had not been

sufficiently established.

                                        B. Statutory Grounds

        Next, Lester argues that there was insufficient evidence for the circuit court to terminate his

parental rights to MC2 and MC3. Numerous grounds were jointly pled against Lester and Tequila,

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but the circuit court made findings only with regard to twelve-month failure to remedy conditions

that caused removal and other subsequent factors.

       Lester was identified in initial pleadings as being a parent from whom custody was removed.

Termination on the “failure to remedy” ground requires:

           (i)(a) That a juvenile has been adjudicated by the court to be dependent-neglected and has
       continued to be out of the custody of the parent for twelve (12) months and, despite a
       meaningful effort by the department to rehabilitate the parent and correct the conditions that
       caused removal, those conditions have not been remedied by the parent.

Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a). The termination order does not indicate which conditions

that caused removal Lester had not remedied. The adjudication order made no findings as to whether

or how much each parent contributed to the inadequate supervision or if Lester was even aware that

Tequila was leaving the children unsupervised. DHS and the attorney ad litem argue in their brief

that Lester’s housing was “unstable,” but the evidence in the record shows that each housing stop was

an improvement. Lester admitted that the original one-bedroom arrangement was not suitable. He

then found a trailer, which he said a caseworker had deemed insufficient. From the record, it appears

his next stop was the four-bedroom apartment. DHS had not done a walk-through, but the FSW

testified she had made only two phone contacts to try to set it up, despite knowing that the

termination hearing was imminent. The circuit court generally found Lester’s testimony to be not

credible, but nothing in the record disputes his testimony that he had filled out paperwork with HUD

eight months prior to receiving the four-bedroom home. In fact, Whitney testified that she knew he

had previously filled out a HUD application on his own, and she helped him with a second one the

following March. There was no evidence in the record to indicate that Lester had turned down other

appropriate housing during the course of this case.

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        Further, Lester had taken steps for appropriate childcare if the children were returned to his

custody. Lester knew where the children would be enrolled in school, and he was on a waitlist for

daycare and after-school care. MC2 and MC3 were elementary-school aged at the time of the

termination hearing. Lester had been employed by McDonald’s for many years, and he remained

employed throughout the case. There are no allegations that his employment was unsuitable or that

he would be unable to provide for the children. MC1 was authorized to have unsupervised visitation

with Lester in her portion of the case, so there were no environmental or physical conditions that

would indicate a general lack of safety in the home. There is likewise no explanation or support for

the circuit court’s finding of continued instability and parental unfitness that would support

termination of Lester’s parental rights on this ground.

        To terminate parental rights on the “other subsequent factors” ground, the following must be

proved:

            (vii)(a) That other factors or issues arose subsequent to the filing of the original petition
        for dependency-neglect that demonstrate that placement of the juvenile in the custody of the
        parent is contrary to the juvenile’s health, safety, or welfare and that, despite the offer of
        appropriate family services, the parent has manifested the incapacity or indifference to
        remedy the subsequent issues or factors or rehabilitate the parent’s circumstances that
        prevent the placement of the juvenile in the custody of the parent.

Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vii)(a). Lester completed the case plan, per testimony from

the caseworker. He remained employed, visited the children regularly (and brought them food and

gifts each time he did), and had even been granted unsupervised visitation with MC1. His drug use

was no longer an issue. The circuit court made the following oral statements regarding this ground

for the first time at the termination hearing:

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        The --subsequent to the petition was the anger of [Tequila] and the fact that [Lester] was not
        able to keep her away, not even during visits. And then allowing her to talk to the children
        while he’s at visits on his phone. He does not understand the gravity of the issue.

However, “subdivision (b)(3)(B)(vii)(a) of this section [other subsequent factors] does not apply if the

factors or issues have not been adjudicated by the court or the parent is not provided with proper

notice of the factors or issues.” Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vii)(d). While Tequila’s

visitation with the children was suspended at one point, there is no indication in the record that Lester

was ordered to not have contact with her. All of the testimony of Lester’s alleged continued contact

with Tequila, even if taken as true, shows that his contact occurred when the children were not

around. There was no time frame given for when Tequila entered Lester’s car at the DHS office after

a visitation or for when Lester allowed Tequila to talk to the children during a visitation that was

allegedly supervised by DHS personnel. Phillip’s testimony about seeing Tequila in the parking lot

of Lester’s apartment complex was very vague and without relation to proximity to Lester’s

apartment itself. Most importantly, however, there is no evidence in the record that Lester was told

to not have contact with Tequila or to not let her have any contact with the children. Lester cites

Duncan v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2014 Ark. App. 489, to argue that termination based

on speculation of continued contact is clearly erroneous. We agree. While there was testimony that

Tequila destroyed property at a DHS office, there was no testimony that she had ever physically

harmed the children, Lester, or anyone else. Property damage alone might be sufficient justification

to order discontinuing contact, but there must be actual proof—not just allegations in the

termination petition—that Lester was advised to sever contact with Tequila, and failed to do so, for

the circuit court to terminate on this ground for this reason.

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       A blanket finding by the circuit court that Lester’s testimony was not credible cannot fulfill

the standard of review. Allegations in a termination petition do not, in and of themselves, rise to the

level of proven facts to support termination grounds. We defer to the circuit court on matters of

credibility. Bradbury v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2012 Ark. App. 680, at 7, 424 S.W.3d 896, 900.

But we must also balance that deference with the due-process rights of the parent. The orders in the

record contained sparse details. There was no documentation of Lester’s progress or compliance

from the time of removal until the November 23, 2021 permanency-planning hearing when the court

found he was making significant, measurable progress and that he was working diligently to complete

the goals of the case. At the March 29, 2022 fifteen-month hearing, he was found to be in “partial

compliance,” but the record does not indicate what changed over those four months. In the absence

of actual proof of other subsequent factors—along with indifference to remedying them—

termination is clearly erroneous. Credibility findings alone are insufficient.

       “Credibility describes a quality of the witness (the quality of being believable or trustworthy,
       not an independent fact or circumstance).” We went on to say, “[s]tated more plainly, we
       defer to a circuit court’s credibility determinations, but those determinations must relate to
       testimony or evidence regarding material facts” in order to support the circuit court’s
       findings. Geren Williams [v. Green], 2015 Ark. App. 197, at 15–16, 458 S.W.3d 759, 769. As
       in Geren Williams, we hold that the circuit court erroneously substituted its credibility
       determination for substantive evidence sufficient to support its finding.

Guthrey v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2017 Ark. App. 19, at 8–9, 510 S.W.3d 793, 798 (reversing a

termination where, despite the circuit court finding mother’s testimony was self-serving and not

credible, there was insufficient evidence to support the termination grounds pled). Also squarely on

point is Mason v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2022 Ark. App. 124, 642 S.W.3d 260, which

was recently applied in Richie v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2023 Ark. App. 219. In Richie,

                                                  15
this court reversed an order terminating a father’s parental rights that was based largely on credibility

findings, despite proof of compliance, progress, and a bond between the father and his children. We

therefore rely on Mason and Richie in reversing the termination of Lester’s parental rights regarding

MC2 and MC3.

        Because we reverse the termination decision on the basis of the statutory-grounds issue, we

need not address Lester’s best-interest challenge at this time. Tovias v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2019

Ark. App. 228, 575 S.W.3d 621.

        Reversed and remanded.

        ABRAMSON, GLADWIN, and THYER, JJ., agree.

        GRUBER and BROWN, JJ., dissent.

       WAYMOND M. BROWN, Judge, dissenting. I agree with the majority’s finding that the

circuit court erred in terminating Perry’s parental rights to MC4 because Perry was never found to

be MC4’s “parent” as required under the Arkansas Juvenile Code. However, the majority and I part

ways in the analysis of the termination of Perry’s parental rights to MC2 and MC3. While the

majority holds that the circuit court erroneously terminated Perry’s parental rights to MC2 and MC3

because it was based exclusively on speculation and credibility determinations, I would hold that the

evidence sufficiently chins the bar outlined in the applicable standard of review.

        As discussed in the majority opinion, the circuit court terminated Perry’s parental rights on

two grounds: failure to remedy and subsequent factors. Under the subsequent-factors ground, the

court may terminate parental rights if subsequent to the filing of the original petition for dependency-

neglect, other factors arose that demonstrate that return of the juvenile to the custody of the parent

is contrary to the juvenile’s health, safety, or welfare, and despite the offer of appropriate family

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services, the parent manifests the incapacity or indifference to remedy the subsequent factors or

rehabilitate the parent’s circumstances that prevent placement with the parent.1

       Perry contends that while the children were out of his custody for over twelve months, the

evidence demonstrated that he completed all services provided by the Arkansas Department of

Human Services (DHS) and was in compliance with the case plan and court orders. He asserts that

he maintained stable employment throughout the case, obtained a home appropriate for his children,

and attended visitations. Perry argues that “[t]he barrier to placement with [him] and what ultimately

led the court to terminate his parental rights was the belief that he was still in a relationship with

Tequila.” He asserts that this “belief” was based on speculation stemming from four incidents:

“[Perry’s] alleged statements that he did not understand why Tequila could not be around the

children; one visit at the DHS office out of all the visits throughout the case where Tequila was seen

getting into [Perry’s] car; DHS’s belief that Tequila was seen one time in the parking lot of the

apartment complex where [Perry] lived; and the home visit in May 2022 where DHS believed

Tequila to be present.” Perry contends that “even if he did [previously] state that he did not

understand why Tequila could not be around the children, it was clear that by the time of the

termination hearing, he understood and stated that he would call the police if Tequila showed up

while the children were in his custody.” Additionally, Perry argues there was no testimony that he

was aware of Tequila’s presence at his apartment or that he arranged for her to be there. He also

urges that there was no proof that Tequila was the person present at the home visit. He stated that

there was no evidence or testimony provided that indicated he and Tequila were living together, had

       1   Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vii)(a) (Supp. 2021).

                                                  17
been around one another, or had been in direct contact with each other. Perry argues that it was

clear at the termination hearing that he had “made the decision to separate from Tequila.”

       In support of his contention that the termination of his parental rights was clearly erroneous,

Perry relies on Duncan v. Arkansas Department of Human Services,2 in which we found speculation of a

continued romantic relationship between the parents insufficient to terminate parental rights. Perry

argues that without any more evidence of his continued involvement with Tequila, the termination

was based on pure speculation. Duncan is readily distinguishable. Here, unlike in Duncan, the circuit

court specifically found Perry to be not credible, including his self-serving testimony that he

separated from Rice. Further, in Duncan, there were no specific incidents cited that would indicate

a continued relationship between the parents nor was there a pattern of being less than truthful to

DHS or the court. Caseworkers testified to multiple occasions in which Tequila was either believed

to be in Perry’s home or actually seen near Perry’s home or vehicle. Despite Perry’s argument to

the contrary, the testimony of the caseworker and the program assistant that Perry and Tequila

continued to be involved in a relationship and remained in contact extends beyond mere speculation.

       During a random home visit to Perry’s prior residence in May 2022, only a few months

before the termination hearing, a female was found hiding under blankets on a mattress in the front

room. When caseworker Bradley inquired about the person’s identity, Perry said it was a “white

girl” he works with. Bradley, however, saw the arm of a black person. Perry refused to state who

the person was, laughed about the situation, and just stated it was someone he works with.

Caseworker Phillip Liddekee testified that the person in Perry’s bed was Tequila. He did not see

       2   2014 Ark. App. 489.

                                                 18
her face, but he recognized the vocal sounds, moaning, and groaning as those identical to sounds

Tequila makes when she is angry. The majority argues there is no proof that the person was Tequila

and that Perry claims it was Tequila’s cousin.

        After a visitation between Perry and the children, Tequila was seen getting into Perry’s

vehicle. There is no dispute that it was, in fact, Tequila. The majority, however, minimizes this

incident by stating that there was no time frame given for when Tequila entered the vehicle. During

another visitation, Perry allowed Tequila to call and talk to the children.

       Tequila was also spotted in the parking lot of Perry’s new apartment complex. Liddekee

stated that Tequila “took off running” when she saw him. When asked if it was possible that Tequila

was there visiting someone else when she was spotted in the parking lot of his new apartment

complex, Perry responded, “No. No.” The majority diminishes this incident by stating there was no

testimony regarding proximity to Perry’s apartment.

       Perry was aware of Tequila’s mental-health issues and explosive anger. He was also aware

that Tequila repeatedly volunteered to relinquish her parental rights to the children and refused to

participate in services, and as a result, she was prohibited from having contact with the children. The

emotional well-being of the children cannot arguably be served by access to such a parent, yet Perry

stated throughout the case that he did not understand why Tequila could not be around the children.

Although he testified at the hearing that he would “call the police” if Tequila showed up and would

not allow her to be around the children, his pattern of dishonesty and evasiveness supports the circuit

court’s determination that, regarding Perry, “There’s no credibility there whatsoever.”

       The majority does not describe one incident regarding Perry’s “speculative” continued contact

with Tequila; there are many incidents discussed. However, the majority downplays each one,

                                                  19
assesses each in isolation instead of cumulatively. Catching Perry and Tequila arm in arm or obtaining

photographic proof is not the standard to prove continued contact, is it? The majority focuses on

what the evidence lacks by way of picking apart the instances and testimony of the witnesses.

However, the ability to minimize each instance does not equate to lack of evidence to support the

circuit court’s finding. Taken in the aggregate, I would hold there is sufficient proof of a continued

relationship between Perry and Tequila, not mere speculation.

       As a reminder, in the initial stages of the case, Perry refused to disclose the location of the

children. At the probable-cause hearing, Perry stated that the children were being cared for by a

family member and that he did not know Tequila’s location. The probable-cause order states that

“Mr. Perry shall be held at the Lonoke County Jail until he discloses the location of the children and

the children are located.”

        The circuit court then issued an order to hold providing:

                On the 10th day of November 2020, Lester Perry continued to refuse to give the
        physical location of three of his children, [MC2, MC3, and MC4]. The children had
        previously been left with an individual that did not want to care for the children. DHS took
        a hold on the children and have not been able to locate the children. The Department has
        gone to a location that Lester Perry stated the children would be with his sister. His sister
        did not live at that location.

               Based upon the Court’s concern for the children, the Court ordered Lester Perry into
        custody of the Lonoke County Sheriff’s Department.

                When Lester Perry gives DHS the location of the children and the children have been
        located at that address, then Mr. Perry may be released from the Lonoke County Jail.

        An order to release Perry from the Lonoke County Detention Center was entered on

November 16, stating that the children had been located and taken into the physical custody and care

                                                 20
of DHS. Tequila brought the children to the police department on November 16 after Perry was

detained. Perry admitted that the children were with Tequila the entire time.

        At the adjudication hearing, Tequila informed the court that she did not want to work

services and that she wanted Perry to have custody of the children. At the November 2021 hearing,

Tequila acknowledged that she is mentally ill. During a violent episode, Tequila “busted out the

door” at the DHS office. The majority states that while “there was testimony that Tequila destroyed

property at a DHS office, there was no testimony that she had ever physically harmed the children,

[Perry], or anyone else.” Is that the requirement? Is continued contact with a person admittedly

suffering from mental-health and anger-management issues safe for children to be around until

physical harm or injury actually occurs? That has never been the standard and it should not be here.

        The majority states that although there were allegations of property damage caused by

Tequila, that is insufficient to terminate Perry’s parental rights if there is no evidence that he was

explicitly ordered to have no contact with Tequila. Parents are tasked with the responsibility of

keeping their children safe and assessing situations and people that pose a possible risk to their

children’s safety, welfare, and well-being. Perry exhibits poor parenting decisions and judgment

when it comes to Tequila and the children sufficient to amount to a subsequent factor to support

termination of parental rights.

        Further, Perry has lied to the court and DHS when it comes to Tequila and the children. He

was only forthcoming about the children’s location after spending a few days in jail. It is not a stretch

for the circuit court to believe the testimony of the caseworkers and disbelieve Perry’s testimony

regarding his relationship with Tequila. The circuit court was well within its province to find Perry

not credible.

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        It is also worth noting that, at the time of the termination hearing, Perry did not have a valid

driver’s license due to outstanding tickets and fines. Perry testified that although his visitation with

MC1 had been increased, he had not yet started to exercise that increased visitation, explaining, “I

just haven’t, I guess, reached out to get that set up to get the transportation issue set up.” This is

further evidence that Perry is not stable enough to care for all of the children. He cannot even take

advantage of the time that he has been granted with the eldest child. Yet, we are to find that he has

achieved the stability to care for multiple younger children full time, on his own?

        Perry stated he had no intention of allowing Tequila to have contact with the children.

However, he also testified that he has no concerns that Tequila is mentally ill because she never hit

the children. When asked again, Perry stated that Tequila does have mental-health problems, but

he does not think she would be harmful to the children. Tequila has exhibited violent behavior and

had pending charges for battery at the time of the termination hearing. Because of Perry’s inability

to comprehend the seriousness of the situation, I am unconvinced that he would protect the children

from Tequila. I would affirm the circuit court’s termination of Perry’s parental rights.

        Perry also challenges the circuit court’s finding that termination of his parental rights was in

the children’s best interest. An analysis of best interest includes consideration of the likelihood the

children will be adopted and of the potential harm caused by returning custody of the children to the

parent.3 In challenging the circuit court’s best-interest determination, Perry does not attack the

adoptability prong of the circuit court’s best-interest finding; therefore, he abandons all arguments

       3   Norton v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2017 Ark. App. 285.

                                                   22
on appeal concerning this prong.4 Instead, he challenges the potential-harm factor of the circuit

court’s best-interest finding. In considering potential harm caused by returning the child to the

parent, the circuit court is not required to find that actual harm would result or affirmatively identify

a potential harm.5

        Perry argues that DHS failed to present any credible evidence that the children would be at

risk of harm if returned to him. Perry asserts that “[e]ven if he had a few contacts with Tequila

throughout the case, flawless compliance is not required in order to avoid termination of parental

rights.” Citing Mason v. Arkansas Department of Human Services,6 Perry contends that slight lapses in

judgment do not justify permanently removing his children from him and forever severing the bond

between them.

        In Mason, the father was in a relationship with a woman with prior felony and misdemeanor

drug convictions. While the woman had not provided any drug screens, there was no evidence that

the woman was asked to participate in a drug screen prior to the day of the termination hearing. The

woman no longer lived with Mason, was driving him to visitations, and Mason had not been informed

that preservation of his parental rights hinged on his ending the relationship. Also at the hearing, the

woman was willing to submit a blood sample. The circuit court found that in light of Mason’s

unrefuted compliance, progress, and bond with his child, his association with the woman could not

justify the severing of his parental rights. While the partner in Mason had a criminal history, the

        4   See Burkhalter v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 520.

        5
            Gulley v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2016 Ark. App. 367, 498 S.W.3d 754.

        6   2022 Ark. App. 124, 642 S.W.3d 260.

                                                     23
evidence demonstrated that she was willing to participate in services and aid Mason in working

toward reunification. In this case, Perry continued to associate with Tequila, who refused services,

failed to visit the children, exhibited violent outbursts causing property damage to the DHS office,

and suffered from mental-health issues and instability. Perry’s refusal to protect the children from

Tequila demonstrated poor parenting decisions and a risk of potential harm. We agree with Perry’s

argument that he does not have to prove that he is a “perfect parent” to retain his parental rights.

However, continuing to expose the children to a parent with mental-health issues and failing to

appreciate the necessity of protecting them from Tequila is not an isolated lapse in judgment nor is

it merely falling short of being a perfect parent.

        In sum, I would affirm the circuit court’s finding of statutory grounds and its best-interest

determination and resulting order terminating Perry’s parental rights to MC2 and MC3.

        For the reasons stated herein, I respectfully dissent.

        GRUBER, J., joins.

        Jennifer Oyler Olson, Arkansas Commission for Parent Counsel, for appellant.

        Ellen K. Howard, Ark. Dep’t of Human Services, Office of Chief Counsel, for appellee.

        Dana McClain, attorney ad litem for minor children.

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