Court Opinion

ID: 4778500
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-08-18 20:03:39.401697+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:09:36.325682
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       AUG 18 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ALLCAPCORP LTD, DBA Allegiance                  No.    20-55457
Capital Corporation,                                   20-55758

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                8:19-cv-00206-JVS-JDE
 v.

CHC CONSULTING LLC; et al.,                     MEMORANDUM*

                Defendants-Appellees.

ALLCAPCORP LTD, DBA Allegiance                  No.    20-55513
Capital Corporation,
                                                D.C. No.
                Plaintiff-Appellee,             8:19-cv-00206-JVS-JDE

 v.

CHC CONSULTING LLC; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellants.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Central District of California
                    James V. Selna, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted August 2, 2021
                              Pasadena, California

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Before: PAEZ, CALLAHAN, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.

      Allcapcorp Ltd. Co. (Allcap) sued CHC Consulting LLC (CHC), alleging

that it was entitled to a “Success Fee” based on their Engagement Agreement and

the eventual sale of CHC to Congruex LLC (Congruex). The district court granted

summary judgment for CHC finding that the Engagement Agreement was not

enforceable under California law, and awarded CHC $771,996.15 in attorneys’

fees. Allcap appeals the grant of summary judgment and the award of attorneys’

fees, and CHC cross-appeals, arguing that the Agreement is void under California

law on a ground presented to, but not adopted by, the district court. We have

jurisdiction over all three appeals. 28 U.S.C. § 1291; see also Mahach-Watkins v.

Depee, 593 F.3d 1054, 1063 (9th Cir. 2010). We affirm the district court’s orders.

      1. Allcap asserts that Texas law, rather than California law, applied to the

Agreement. The parties agree that the district court properly looked to Texas law

to determine which state’s law applied to the Agreement. The parties also agree

that Texas follows the Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws to determine

which state has the most significant relationship to the transaction and the parties.

      The district court’s choice-of-law determination is reviewed de novo and the

district court’s factual findings are reviewed for clear error. See Zinser v. Accufix

Rsch. Inst., Inc., 253 F.3d 1180, 1187 (9th Cir. 2001). The choice-of-law

provisions of Texas apply, Ferens v. John Deere Co., 494 U.S. 516, 519 (1990),

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and the district court properly applied the factors set forth in sections 188 and 6 of

the Restatement for contracts that do not contain an express choice-of-law

provision. See Sonat Expl. Co. v. Cudd Pressure Control, Inc., 271 S.W.3d 228,

231 (Tex. 2008). We conclude, noting that the Agreement concerned the sale of a

California corporation, that Allcap has not shown that the district court erred in

holding California law applies in this case.

      2. Allcap challenges the district court’s determination that the Agreement

was not enforceable under California law because it violates the provision of

California Business & Professions Code § 10176(f) by not having “a definite,

specified date of final and complete termination.” Allcap asserts that § 10176(f)

authorizes the Real Estate Commissioner to investigate a contract but does not

necessarily invalidate a contract. It further contends that a sale of a business

opportunity is exempt from § 10176(f) if the broker/dealer exception in California

Business & Professions Code § 10008.5 applies.

      Allcap’s first argument was rejected by the California courts in Dale v.

Palmer, 235 P.2d 650, 652 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1951) (“The imposition by statute

of a penalty implies a prohibition of the act to which the penalty is attached, and a

contract founded upon such act is void.”). Allcap’s second argument is not

persuasive because it does not appear that the presence of a broker is likely to

avoid the concerns that underlie § 10008.5 and Allcap offers no case law directly

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supporting its argument. Allcap has not shown that the district court

misinterpreted or misapplied California law in holding that the Agreement did not

have a termination date and was unenforceable.1

      3. Even if the Agreement were enforceable under California law, the grant

of summary judgment would have been proper because the record shows that there

was no sale of CHC within two years of the termination of the Agreement. Allcap

asserts that in the Agreement the terms “consummate” and “close” have different

meanings and that the sale of CHC to Congruex should have been “consummated”

in July 2017. The Agreement cannot reasonably be read as creating distinct

meanings for “consummate” and “close” as to when a Success Fee could be

calculated and become due. Furthermore, nothing in the record suggests that CHC

had any obligation to complete the sale to Congruex within the Agreement’s two-

year tail period.

      4. Allcap argues that the award of attorneys’ fees should be reversed or

significantly reduced. It first asserts that because the district court held that the

Agreement was not enforceable, the right to attorneys’ fees under the contract

never matured. This assertion is contrary to California’s mutuality of remedy

1
      Because we hold that the Agreement was unenforceable under California
law because it lacked “a definite, specified date of final and complete termination,”
§ 10176(f), we need not, and do not, consider the argument raised in CHC’s cross-
appeal that the Agreement is unenforceable because Allcap did not have a broker
as required by California Business and Professions Code § 10130.

                                            4
doctrine. See Cal.-Am. Water Co. v. Marina Coast Water Dist., 227 Cal. Rptr. 3d

110, 114 (Cal. App. 2017) (citing Santisas v. Goodin, 951 P.2d 399, 407 (Cal.

1998), as holding that if a party would have been exposed to fees had the court

found against it, then that party is entitled to fees if it prevails); see also Golden

Pisces, Inc. v. Fred Wahl Marine Constr., Inc., 495 F.3d 1078, 1083 (9th Cir.

2007) (recognizing that the California Supreme Court has upheld California’s

mutuality of remedy doctrine). Allcap has not shown that CHC was not entitled to

attorneys’ fees.

      Allcap also challenges the amount of fees awarded. We review the amount

of attorneys’ fees awarded for abuse of discretion. PSM Holding Corp. v. Nat’l

Farm Fin. Corp., 884 F.3d 812, 828 (9th Cir. 2018). In doing so, we consider

whether the district court’s decision is illogical, implausible, or without support in

inferences that may be drawn from the facts. United States v. Hinkson, 585 F.3d

1247, 1262 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc). Allcap objects to the hours spent on the

case, the hourly rates of the attorneys, the number of attorneys who worked on the

case, blocked-billed time, and quarterly-hour billing. The district court, however,

found that “the hourly rates billed by the three law firms were reasonable and

commensurate with the respective attorneys’ experience and skill,” and that its

review of most of the billing entries revealed “no duplicative, excessive,

redundant, unrelated, clerical or unnecessary work.” Nonetheless, the district court

                                            5
gave the fee request a 10% “haircut,” noting that it could have “alternatively

impose[d] a similar reduction as a result of the block billing and quarter-hour

billing practices.” Allcap has not supported its objections to the amount of fees

awarded with the type of fact-based assertions that would allow us to determine

whether the district court’s 10% “haircut” was an abuse of discretion.

      Accordingly, in appeals Nos. 20-55457 and 20-55758, we AFFIRM the

district court’s grant of summary judgment and award of attorneys’ fees, and we

DISMISS CHC’s cross-appeal, No. 20-55513, as moot. CHC shall recover its

costs on appeal.

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