Court Opinion

ID: 9390669
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-28 06:00:13.098458+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:36.018600
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     JAMES J. MATHIAS,                               DOCKET NUMBER
                   Appellant,                        AT-844E-20-0743-I-1

                  v.

     OFFICE OF PERSONNEL                             DATE: April 27, 2023
       MANAGEMENT,
                   Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Leah Bachmeyer Kille, Esquire, Lexington, Kentucky, for the appellant.

           Jo Bell, Esquire, Washington, D.C., for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                               Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                Raymond A. Limon, Member
                                Tristan L. Leavitt, Member 2

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The agency has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     reversed the reconsideration decision of the Office of Personnel Management

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
     2
       Member Leavitt’s name is included in decisions on which the three -member Board
     completed the voting process prior to his March 1, 2023 departure.
                                                                                      2

     (OPM) and granted the appellant’s application for disability retirement benefits
     under the Federal Employees’ Retirement System (FERS). Generally, we grant
     petitions such as these only in the following circumstances: the initial decision
     contains erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an
     erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of
     the law to the facts of the case; the administrative judge’s rulings during either
     the course of the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent with required
     procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the
     outcome of the case; or new and material evidence or legal argument is available
     that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record
     closed. Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R.
     § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that
     the petitioner has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting
     the petition. Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial
     decision, which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

                     DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶2        To be eligible for a disability retirement annuity under FERS, an appellant
     must establish the following elements: (1) he completed at least 18 months of
     creditable civilian service; (2) while employed in a position subject to FERS, he
     became disabled because of a medical condition, resulting in a deficiency in
     performance, conduct, or attendance, or, if there is no such deficiency, the
     disabling medical condition is incompatible with either useful and efficient
     service or retention in the position; (3) the disabling medical condition is
     expected to continue for at least 1 year from the date that the application for
     disability retirement benefits was filed; (4) accommodation of the disabling
     medical condition in the position held is unreasonable; an d (5) the employee did
     not decline a reasonable offer of reassignment to a vacant position. Chavez v.
     Office of Personnel Management, 111 M.S.P.R. 69, ¶ 6 (2009).                   The
                                                                                        3

     administrative judge found that the appellant met his burden of proving each of
     the aforementioned elements. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 19, Initial Decision
     (ID) at 2, 9-12.   The parties do not challenge the findings that the appellant
     established elements 1, 4, and 5, and we see no reason to disturb them. Petition
     for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1 at 5.
¶3         OPM argues that the administrative judge erred in finding that the
     appellant’s medical conditions were incompatible with useful and efficient
     service because he submitted no competent medical evidence to support his claim
     to FERS disability retirement annuity benefits. Id. at 6-7. Specifically, OPM
     argues that the appellant’s medical evidence from 2016 and 2017 is too stale and
     not revived by objective medical evidence surrounding his 2019 resignation. Id.
     at 7. We are unpersuaded.
¶4         An appellant can establish that his medical conditions are incompatible with
     useful and efficient service by showing the condition is inconsistent with working
     in general, working in a particular line of work, or working in a particular type of
     setting.   Rucker v. Office of Personnel Management, 117 M.S.P.R. 669, ¶ 10
     (2012). A determination on eligibility for disability retirement shou ld take into
     account all competent medical evidence, including both objective clinical
     findings and qualified medical opinions based on the applicant’s symptoms.
     Chavez, 111 M.S.P.R. 69, ¶ 7.        In addition, the determination should include
     consideration of the applicant’s own subjective evidence of disability and any
     other evidence of the effect of his condition on his ability to perform in the
     position he last occupied. Id.
¶5         Contrary to OPM’s assertion, the appellant submitted medical evidence
     from just before his January 2019 resignation and from a few months following
     his January 2020 application for disability retirement. Specifically, he submitted
     records of a December 2018 physical examination and audiogram, which predate
     his resignation by just a month. IAF, Tab 11 at 108 -14, Tab 12 at 92-94, Tab 13
     at 59. He additionally submitted a functional capacity evaluation and statem ents
                                                                                        4

     from his doctor and nurse practitioner dated within 6 months after his application
     for disability retirement. IAF, Tab 11 at 21-37, Tab 13 at 70-71. To the extent
     this medical evidence was not submitted to OPM prior to its reconsideration
     decision, the Board is not limited to review of the record before OPM ; rather, the
     Board must consider all relevant evidence in adjudicating a disability retirement
     appeal. Cook v. Office of Personnel Management, 31 M.S.P.R. 683, 686 (1986).
     Moreover, an appellant need not establish his disability retirement eligibility
     solely on objective medical evidence but may rely on subjective evidence,
     including the appellant’s own description of his symptoms as reported to a
     medical professional.     Vanieken-Ryals v. Office of Personnel Management,
     508 F.3d 1034, 1040-41 (Fed. Cir. 2007); Henderson v. Office of Personnel
     Management, 117 M.S.P.R. 313, ¶¶ 21, 23 (2012); Cook, 31 M.S.P.R. at 686.
¶6        The administrative judge here evaluated all of the relevant evidence and
     concluded, based on sound reasoning, that the appellant ’s medical conditions
     were incompatible with useful and efficient service. ID at 7-12. This included
     the records of the December 2018 physical examination, which noted that the
     appellant suffered from hearing loss, swollen and painful joints, severe
     headaches, leg cramps, arthritis, trick knee, and foot trouble and did not show as
     checked for either box asking whether the appellant “is qualified for” or “is not
     qualified for” his position. IAF, Tab 11 at 108-09, 114. This is corroborated by
     the audiogram conducted on the same date, which revealed that hearing loss was
     present, including mild hearing loss in the appellant’s right ear and severe hearing
     loss in his left ear. IAF, Tab 12 at 93. The medical evidence demonstrates that
     the appellant’s hearing loss had been worsening in both ears. Id. at 82, 84, 93.
¶7        The administrative judge further considered a post-resignation evaluation of
     the appellant, which noted limitations on sitting for more than 1 hour, standing
     for more than 40 minutes, or walking more than 0.3 miles.         ID at 6, 8; IAF,
     Tab 13 at 37-40. The evaluation noted a moderate pain profile during the testing,
     finding the appellant’s reports of pain correlated with observed behaviors during
                                                                                         5

     testing.    Id. at 37.   The appellant’s reports of pain ranged from functionally
     disabling pain to very disabling pain concentrated over the left wrist, lef t elbow,
     and hips and knees. Id. Ultimately, the evaluation found the appellant functional
     at the “light-medium to medium” physical demand level.             Id. at 39.    The
     administrative judge noted that, although the examination would have been more
     helpful had it been closer to the date of the appellant’s resignation, it nonetheless
     provided some value.       ID at 11.    Post-resignation medical evidence can be
     probative of a prior disability if “proximity in time, lay testimony, or some other
     evidence provides the requisite link to the relevant period.” Reilly v. Office of
     Personnel Management, 571 F.3d 1372, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2009).                      The
     administrative judge specifically found that the limitations noted in the
     post-resignation evaluation were corroborated by the testimony of the appellant
     and his wife as well as the medical evidence from prior to his resignation . ID
     at 11.
¶8            Regarding the testimony, the administrative judge credited the appellant’s
     assertion that he could not safely or effectively perform the duties of the position.
     Id. She further credited the appellant’s wife’s testimony that, at the end of his
     career, the appellant could barely walk down a flight of steps and had to watch
     television at full volume and with closed captions due to his hearing loss. ID
     at 6, 8, 11. It is well established that subjective evidence including testimony
     may be entitled to great weight on the matter of disability, especially whe n such
     evidence is uncontradicted by the record. Henderson, 117 M.S.P.R. 313, ¶ 23.
     The Board must defer to an administrative judge’s credibility determinations
     when they are based, explicitly or implicitly, on observing the demeanor of
     witnesses testifying at a hearing; the Board may overturn such determinations
     only when it has “sufficiently sound” reasons for doing so. Haebe v. Department
     of Justice, 288 F.3d 1288, 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2002). OPM has not challenged these
     credibility determinations, and we see no sufficiently sound reasons to disturb
     them.
                                                                                         6

¶9         Ultimately, the administrative judge found the appellant’s medical
      conditions and limitations incompatible with his position as a Federal Air
      Marshal, which required him to perform “arduous tasks,” including lifting,
      pushing, pulling, subduing individuals, bending, walking up to 2 miles per day,
      and standing up to 3.3 hours at a time. ID at 8; IAF, Tab 12 at 98 -106. She
      further found the appellant’s hearing loss to be incompatible with his position,
      which required him to hear orders and instructions from up to 15 feet away,
      communicate and overhear conversations in a noisy environment, and “process
      auditory information on a continual basis and be capable of differentiating
      between auditory inputs.” ID at 8; IAF, Tab 12 at 98, 104.
¶10        In reaching her conclusion, the administrative judge properly considered the
      December 2018 physical examination and audiogram from before the appellant’s
      resignation, his post-resignation functional capacity evaluation, and testimony
      from the appellant and his wife. ID at 7-12; see Henderson, 117 M.S.P.R. 313,
      ¶ 19 (noting that the Board should consider objective clinical findings, diagnosis
      and medical opinions, and subjective evidence of pain and disability in
      determining entitlement to disability retirement).    Indeed, nothing in the law
      mandates that a single provider tie all of this evidence together.      Henderson,
      117 M.S.P.R. 313, ¶ 19. Accordingly, OPM’s argument that the appellant failed
      to submit competent medical evidence surrounding his resignation is simply not
      supported by the record.
¶11        OPM additionally argues that, because the appellant failed to prove his
      disability was incompatible with useful and efficient service, there was no
      disability expected to last at least 1 year after the date of application. PFR File,
      Tab 1 at 6-7. As set forth above, the administrative judge correctly determined
      that the appellant’s medical condition was incompatible with useful and efficient
      service. The appellant’s doctor and nurse practitioner both certified to OPM that
      the appellant’s conditions would last at least 1 year from their assessments of the
      appellant. IAF, Tab 11 at 21-27. Accordingly, we agree with the administrative
                                                                                        7

      judge that the appellant’s disabling conditions will last more than 1 year from the
      date of his application for disability retirement benefits. ID at 11-12. OPM has
      not otherwise challenged the administrative judge’s findings or provi ded any
      basis for reversal, and we decline to disturb those well-reasoned findings.
¶12         In response to the agency’s petition for review, the appellant argues that the
      administrative judge incorrectly determined that he was not entitled to interim
      relief. PFR File, Tab 3 at 8-9. Although an agency’s failure to provide interim
      relief can be a basis for dismissing a petition for review, 5 C.F.R. § 1201.116(d),
      we can find nothing in the record demonstrating that the administrative judge
      issued any order concerning interim relief. Thus, the agency was not obligated to
      provide interim relief.     See Francois v. Office of Personnel Management,
      64 M.S.P.R. 191, 193 n.1 (1994) (finding OPM was not required to provide
      interim relief when the administrative judge did not issue any order concerning
      such relief).    Moreover, because the issuance of this decision terminates the
      interim relief period, the appellant’s motion for interim relief is now moot.
      Erickson v. U.S. Postal Service, 120 M.S.P.R. 468, ¶ 12 (2013). If, however, the
      appellant believes that OPM is not in compliance with the now-final decision in
      this matter, he may file a petition for enforcement with the regional office. See
      Francois, 64 M.S.P.R. at 193 n.1; 5 C.F.R. § 1201.182.

                                 ORDER
¶13         We ORDER OPM to grant the appellant’s application for disability
      retirement. OPM must complete this action no later than 20 days after the date of
      this decision.
¶14         We also ORDER OPM to tell the appellant promptly in writing when it
      believes it has fully carried out the Board’s Order and of the actions it has taken
      to carry out the Board’s Order. We ORDER the appellant to provide all necessary
      information OPM requests to help it carry out the Board’s Order. The appellant,
      if not notified, should ask OPM about its progress. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.181(b).
                                                                                            8

¶15         No later than 30 days after OPM tells the appellant it has fully carried out
      the Board’s Order, the appellant may file a petition for enforcement with the
      office that issued the initial decision on this appeal if the appellant believes that
      OPM did not fully carry out the Board’s Order.          The petition should contain
      specific reasons why the appellant believes OPM has not fully carried out the
      Board’s Order, and should include the dates and results of any communications
      with OPM. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.182(a).

                       NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                             YOUR RIGHT TO REQUEST
                            ATTORNEY FEES AND COSTS
            You may be entitled to be paid by the agency for your reasonable attorney
      fees and costs. To be paid, you must meet the requirements set out at Title 5 of
      the United States Code (5 U.S.C.), sections 7701(g), 1221(g), or 1214(g). The
      regulations may be found at 5 C.F.R. §§ 1201.201, 1201.202, and 1201.203. If
      you believe you meet these requirements, you must file a motion for attorney fees
      and costs WITHIN 60 CALENDAR DAYS OF THE DATE OF THIS DECISION.
      You must file your motion for attorney fees and costs with the office that issued
      the initial decision on your appeal.

                               NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 3
            You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By
      statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such
      review and the appropriate forum with which to file.            5 U.S.C. § 7703(b).
      Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit
      Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most
      appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a
      statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their

      3
        Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
      the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
      Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                        9

jurisdiction.   If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should
immediately review the law applicable to your claims and carefully follow all
filing time limits and requirements. Failure to f ile within the applicable time
limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum.
      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions
about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit   your   petition   to   the   court    at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
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Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or   EEOC     review   of   cases     involving    a   claim   of
discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court ( not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.     5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. ____ , 137 S. Ct. 1975 (2017).              If you have a
representative in this case, and your representative receive s this decision before
you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar days
after your representative receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of
discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origi n, or a disabling
condition, you may be entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and
to waiver of any requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security. See
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
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with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. ma il, the
address of the EEOC is:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                  P.O. Box 77960
                             Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant     to   the   Whistleblower       Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section
2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i),
(B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either with the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 4   The court of appeals must receive your petition for

4
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115-195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                                 12

review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.           5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of App eals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                             U.S. Court of Appeals
                             for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                            Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:                            /s/ for
                                          Jennifer Everling
                                          Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.