Court Opinion

ID: 4430994
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-20 19:50:29.719533+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:51:08.910629
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                      APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
     This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court."
      Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the
        parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                       SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                       APPELLATE DIVISION
                                       DOCKET NO. A-3226-16T3

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

        Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

MARIO S. LYN, a/k/a MARIL LYN
and MARIO S. LYN, JR.

     Defendant-Appellant.
_______________________________

              Submitted June 18, 2018 – Decided July 6, 2018

              Before Judges Fisher and Fasciale.

              On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
              Law Division, Essex County, Indictment No.
              14-10-2609.

              James S. Friedman, attorney for appellant.

              Robert D. Laurino, Acting Essex County
              Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (Matthew
              E.    Hanley,   Special    Deputy    Attorney
              General/Acting   Assistant   Prosecutor,   of
              counsel and on the brief).

PER CURIAM

        After a re-trial, defendant appeals from his convictions for

second-degree conspiracy to commit robbery, N.J.S.A. 2C:5-2 and
N.J.S.A. 2C:15-1(a)(2); and first-degree robbery, N.J.S.A. 2C:15-

1.   Although the jury found him guilty of committing these crimes,

it   acquitted     defendant   of    third-degree    terroristic    threats,

N.J.S.A. 2C:12-3(b).1

      On appeal, defendant argues:

              POINT I
              THIS CASE SHOULD HAVE BEEN DISMISSED AT THE
              CONCLUSION OF THE STATE'S PRESENTATION OF
              EVIDENCE BECAUSE NO REASONABLE JURY COULD HAVE
              CONVICTED [DEFENDANT] BASED UPON THE TESTIMONY
              HEARD AT TRIAL (Partially Raised Below).

              POINT II
              THE JURY CHARGES IN THIS CASE WERE INADEQUATE
              BECAUSE THEY CONSISTED OF GENERIC STATEMENTS
              WITHOUT ANY CASE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION BASED
              UPON THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED AT TRIAL (Not
              Raised Below).

              POINT III
              THE TRIAL COURT'S FAILURE TO ALLOW THIS CASE
              TO GO TO THE JURY COUPLED WITH THE FAILURE TO
              PROVIDE TAILORED JURY INSTRUCTIONS RESULTED IN
              CUMULATIVE ERROR (Not Raised Below).

We reject these contentions and affirm.

      Defendant filed his motion for acquittal of the terroristic

threats charge – at the end of the State's case – under Rule 3:18-

1, which states in part that "if the evidence is insufficient to

warrant   a    conviction,"    the   judge   may    enter   "a   judgment    of

1
     At the first trial, where the jury was unable to reach a
verdict, the State dismissed two second-degree weapons charges.

                                       2                              A-3226-16T3
acquittal."      Defendant did not move for an acquittal of the

robbery-related charges.

      Defendant's argument in Point I is akin to a contention that

the verdict is against the weight of the evidence.                Under Rule

2:10-1, "the issue of whether a jury verdict was against the weight

of the evidence shall not be cognizable on appeal unless a motion

for a new trial on that ground was made in the trial court."                See

also R. 3:20-1 (addressing the criteria for setting aside a jury

verdict).       Defendant's assertion in Point I is therefore not

properly before us.      Nevertheless, there is no basis to set aside

the verdict.

      There exists no basis to acquit defendant of the robbery

charges, had he made such a motion.          The standard on a motion for

acquittal is well settled.          In State v. Reyes, 50 N.J. 454, 458-

59 (1967), our Supreme Court stated that

            the question the trial judge must determine
            is whether, viewing the State's evidence in
            its entirety, be that evidence direct or
            circumstantial, and giving the State the
            benefit of all its favorable testimony as well
            as all of the favorable inferences which
            reasonably could be drawn therefrom, a
            reasonable jury could find guilt of the charge
            beyond a reasonable doubt.

"On   appeal,    we   [use]   the    same   standard   as   the   [judge]    in

determining whether a judgment of acquittal was warranted."             State

v. Ellis, 424 N.J. Super. 267, 273 (App. Div. 2012).                There is

                                       3                              A-3226-16T3
ample evidence for a reasonable jury to find defendant guilty of

the charges beyond a reasonable doubt.

     As to the conspiracy to commit robbery and the robbery

charges, the victim testified that defendant and another man robbed

him of his phone, jacket, and shoes, and that defendant threatened

to pistol whip him.    The victim identified defendant in-court and

out-of-court as one of the two men, who inferentially were working

together to rob him.    And the co-defendant – who pled guilty and

testified for the State – stated that defendant agreed to rob the

victim.

     Defendant argues the judge gave a flawed jury charge because

he did not tailor the instructions to the facts adduced at the

trial.    In other words, defendant contends the judge failed to

mold the jury charge.     He makes this argument – particularly as

to the identification instructions – for the first time on this

appeal.

     "Appropriate and proper charges to a jury are essential for

a fair trial."   State v. Green, 86 N.J. 281, 287 (1981).        "Because

proper jury instructions are essential to a fair trial, erroneous

instructions   on   material   points   are   presumed   to   possess   the

capacity to unfairly prejudice the defendant."       State v. Baum, 224

N.J. 147, 159 (2016) (quoting State v. Bunch, 180 N.J. 534, 541-

42 (2004)).

                                   4                               A-3226-16T3
     But – like here — where there is no objection to the jury

charges, "it may be presumed that the instructions were adequate."

State v. Morais, 359 N.J. Super. 123, 134-35 (App. Div. 2003).     "A

claim of deficiency in a jury charge to which no objection is

interposed 'will not be considered unless it qualifies as plain

error . . . .'"       State v. R.B., 183 N.J. 308, 321-22 (2005)

(quoting State v. Hock, 54 N.J. 526, 538 (1969)).     In reviewing

the adequacy of the judge's charge to the jury, we consider the

charge as a whole in determining whether it was prejudicial.     See

State v. Figueroa, 190 N.J. 219, 246 (2007) (citing State v.

Wilbely, 63 N.J. 420, 422 (1973)).

     Here, there was nothing clearly capable of producing an unjust

result from the judge's charge to the jury, which tracked the

model jury charges.     And as to that part of the charge dealing

with identification, the judge read the in-court and out-of-court

model jury charges and added the names of defendant and appropriate

witnesses.

     The remaining argument raised by defendant – that cumulative

error requires a reversal of his convictions – lacks sufficient

merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(2).

     Affirmed.

                                 5                          A-3226-16T3