Court Opinion

ID: 2804251
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-05-28 20:40:32.771244+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:22:36.908253
License: Public Domain

J-A08011-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

JOSEPH CAMPISI, JR.,                            IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellant

                       v.

CARMELLA V. CAMPISI,

                            Appellee

                       v.

CHESAPEAKE APPALACHIA, L.L.C.,

                            Appellee                No. 1326 MDA 2014

            Appeal from the Judgment Entered September 18, 2014
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Bradford County
                     Civil Division at No(s): 11 QT 000347

BEFORE: SHOGAN, WECHT, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.:                              FILED MAY 28, 2015

       Appellant, Joseph Campisi, Jr., appeals from the judgment entered in

the Court of Common Pleas of Bradford County. We affirm.

       On October 13, 1981, Appellant, his father, Joseph Campisi, Sr., and

Appellee, Carmella V. Campisi (“Carmella”), the wife of Joseph Campisi, Sr.

and mother of Appellant, purchased seventy-plus acres in Albany Township,

Bradford County. Deed, 10/13/81, at 1-4. The deed provided that title to

the property was held as a one-half interest in favor of Appellant and a one-
____________________________________________

*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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half interest in favor of Joseph Campisi, Sr. and his wife, Carmella.      Id.;

N.T., 12/10/13 A.M. Session, at 49; N.T., 12/10/13 P.M. Session, at 35-37.

       Appellant maintains that after the death of his father in May 2005,

Carmella expressed her desire to sell the property.       N.T., 12/10/13 P.M.

Session, at 50. Appellant wanted to keep the property because he and his

family used it, and he convinced Carmella not to sell it.     Id. at 50.   Both

parties, he asserts, agreed to investigate the possibility of gas leases for the

property. N.T., 12/10/13 P.M. Session, at 49-51.

       Chesapeake Appalachia, L.L.C. (“Chesapeake”) conducted testing on

the property.     As a result of the test, Chesapeake issued a check to the

parties in the approximate amount of $7,300.00.          N.T., 12/10/13 P.M.

Session, at 51.      The parties agreed that the funds received from the gas

testing were used to make repairs to the property. Id. at 51-52.

       On June 15, 2007, a “paid-up oil and gas lease” with Chesapeake was

executed.     Paid-Up Oil & Gas Lease, 6/15/07, at 1-4.     It was a five-year

lease and provided for Appellant and Carmella to receive royalties. Id.1

       Appellant avers that after receiving a few royalty payments, the

checks ceased, and as a result, Appellant contacted Chesapeake.            N.T.,

____________________________________________

1
  The original lease referred to “Joseph Campisi and Carmella V. Campisi,
husband and wife” as the Lessors. Paid-Up Oil and Gas Lease, 6/15/07, at
2. A lease modification was subsequently executed, which clarified that
Appellant and Carmella were not husband and wife, and that Carmella was a
widow. Lease Modification, 9/4/09, at 2.

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12/10/13 PM session, at 81-82.       Chesapeake advised Appellant that they

could not provide any information to Appellant and that Appellant should

contact an attorney. Id. Appellant contacted an attorney and conducted a

title search and learned of a deed dated March 12, 1992, which purported to

convey the property to Appellant’s parents.      Deed, 3/12/92, at 1-3; N.T.,

12/10/13 P.M. Session, at 83-87.          Appellant asserts that he had no

knowledge of this deed prior to the title search and contends that the deed

was forged. N.T., 12/10/13 P.M. Session, at 83-87.

      Carmella, on the other hand, asserts that after a falling out between

Appellant, Carmella and Joseph Campisi, Sr., Appellant executed a deed

dated March 12, 1992, thereby selling his one-half interest in the property to

Carmella and his father.       N.T., 12/10/13 A.M. Session, at 59.            An

independent witness, the lawyer handling the deed transaction, Attorney

D’Ambrosio, testified at trial that although he did not remember this specific

transaction, it was his consistent practice to require all sellers to sign a deed

in his presence. N.T., 12/10/13 P.M. Session, at 8-21.

      Carmella also maintains that, after the death of Joseph Campisi, Sr. in

2005, she acquiesced to Appellant’s urging to have the property tested for

gas deposits and authorized Appellant to have the property tested.         N.T.,

12/10/13 A.M. Session, at 51-52. Carmella argues that, instead of simply

having the test performed, however, Appellant negotiated and signed a

“paid-up oil and gas lease” with Chesapeake for the property without

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informing her. Id. at 79-80. Carmella claims that she had no knowledge of

the lease until she contacted Chesapeake. Id. at 58-62. Upon her inquiry

with Chesapeake, all royalty payments were halted and held in escrow

pending the outcome of the dispute.2

       Appellant initiated the instant action in September of 2011 against

Carmella and Chesapeake.           Appellant pled five separate counts including:

Count I - Quiet Title; Count II - Declaratory Judgment; Count III -

Interpleader (against Chesapeake Appalachia, LLC); Count IV - Breach of

Contract (against Chesapeake Appalachia, LLC); and Count V - Conversion.

Complaint, 9/12/11, at 1-10.

       At a pretrial conference on December 9, 2013, the parties signed a

consent motion that released Chesapeake from the case. Order, 12/9/13, at

1.   On December 10, 2013, Appellant filed a motion seeking to add the

following counts against Carmella: profit-a-prendre, breach of contract, and

unjust enrichment. The trial court granted the motion in part and denied the

motion in part, allowing only the count for breach of contract.           Order,

12/11/13, at 1.

       On December 11, 2013, after trial, the jury returned a verdict in favor

of Carmella. The jury specifically determined that a signature on the 1992

____________________________________________

2
  Evidence of record also establishes that Carmella executed a ratification of
the oil and gas lease, in which she ratified and confirmed the lease.
Ratification of the Oil and Gas Lease, 6/15/07, at 1-2.

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deed was not a forgery and that there was no oral agreement between

Appellant and Carmella regarding the division of the proceeds and royalties

of the oil and gas lease. Verdict Slip, 12/11/13, at 1. Judgment in favor of

Carmella was entered on the same date. Order, 12/11/13, at 1. Further,

the trial court determined that the title was quieted and the March 12, 1992

deed was operative and in full force and effect. Id.

      Appellant filed a timely motion for post-trial relief pursuant to

Pa.R.C.P. 227.1.   Motion for post-trial relief pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 227.1,

12/19/13, at 1-7. Appellant specifically argued three issues in that motion:

1) that the trial court erred in allowing the notary register to be entered into

evidence as a business record; 2) that the trial court committed an error of

law by prohibiting Appellant from using the consent motion during trial for

cross-examination and/or impeachment purposes; and 3) that Appellant was

entitled to judgment notwithstanding the verdict (“jnov”).       Id.   The trial

court denied these post-trial motions by order dated June 30, 2014.

Appellant filed a timely appeal on July 21, 2014. Appellant filed his court-

ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement, and the trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P.

1925(a) statement. Judgment was entered on September 18, 2014.

      Appellant presents the following issues for our review:

      (a) Whether the trial court erred when it admitted the notary
      register as a business record of George D’Ambrosio, Esquire
      without authentication by the notary public?

      (b) Whether the trial court erred by failing to permit [Appellant]
      to cross-examine [Carmella] on the contents of the consent

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      motion as agreed by the parties and filed previously with the
      court[?]

      (c) Whether the trial court erred by failing to set aside the
      verdict when said verdict was against the weight of the evidence
      and the undisputed, uncontradicted testimony of [Appellant] and
      [Carmella] established that the 1992 deed lacked adequate
      consideration or any consideration at all?

      (d) Whether the trial court erred by failing to set aside the
      verdict when said verdict was against the weight of the evidence
      and the undisputed, uncontradicted testimony of [Appellant] and
      [Carmella] established that an oral contract existed between
      [Appellant] and [Carmella] to divide the lease payments in a
      “50/50” manner?

Appellant’s Brief at 4-5.

      In his first claim, Appellant argues that the notary register, maintained

by notary Alma Walters, should not have been admitted through the

testimony of Attorney D’Ambrosio. Appellant’s Brief at 17. Appellant asserts

that the trial court erred in admitting it as a business record of Attorney

D’Ambrosio’s. Id. Appellant contends that the Notary Public Law, 57 P.S. §

161, makes it clear that Ms. Walters’ notary register was not a business

record of Attorney D’Ambrosio’s, but rather, was the exclusive property of

Ms. Walters and was her “statutorily mandated record to keep and retain.”

Id. at 18.       Thus, Appellant contends, Attorney D’Ambrosio was legally

incompetent      and    incapable   of   laying   the   proper   foundation   for   its

admissibility.    Id.   Appellant further asserts that by admitting the notary

register through Attorney D’Ambrosio, Appellant was prejudiced and denied

the right to cross-examine Ms. Walters regarding the disputed deed

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transaction and whether Ms. Walters actually witnessed the disputed

signatures. Id. As a result, Appellant contends that the jury was unaware

that Ms. Walters had testified that she signed the notary book, indicating

that an individual had appeared before her, even if he or she did not actually

sign the document in her presence. Id. at 19. Appellant further maintains

that after allowing the introduction of the notary register through Attorney

D’Ambrosio, the trial court erred in prohibiting questioning of Attorney

D’Ambrosio about the deposition testimony of Ms. Walters. Id. at 17.

      Our standard of review is well settled: “When we review a trial court

ruling on admission of evidence, we must acknowledge that decisions on

admissibility are within the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be

overturned absent an abuse of discretion or misapplication of law.”

Commonwealth Financial Systems, Inc. v. Smith, 15 A.3d 492, 496 (Pa.

Super. 2011).

      An abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment, but if
      in reaching a conclusion the law is overridden or misapplied, or
      the judgment exercised is manifestly unreasonable, or the result
      of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will, as shown by the evidence
      or the record, discretion is abused.

Id.

      Hearsay is defined as “an extra judicial declaration offered to prove the

truth of the matter asserted.” Keystone Dedicated Logistics, LLC v. JGB

Enterprises, Inc., 77 A.3d 1, 12 (Pa. Super. 2013).          A document itself

qualifies as hearsay when it contains such hearsay statements.               Id.

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Anything qualifying as hearsay is inadmissible as evidence unless an

exception applies. Pa.R.E. 802.

      The business records exception is found in Pa.R.E. 803, which

provides, in pertinent part:

      Rule 803.    Exception to the Rule Against Hearsay
      Regardless of Whether the Declarant is Available as a
      Witness

                                    ***

      (6) Records of a Regularly Conducted Activity. A record
      (which includes a memorandum, report, or data compilation in
      any form) of an act, event or condition if,

            (A)   the record was made at or near the time by—
                  or from information transmitted by—someone
                  with knowledge;

            (B)   the record was kept in the course of a regularly
                  conducted activity of a “business”, which term
                  includes business, institution, association,
                  profession, occupation, and calling of every
                  kind, whether or not conducted for profit;

            (C)   making the record was a regular practice of
                  that activity;

            (D)   all these conditions are shown by the
                  testimony of the custodian or another qualified
                  witness, or by a certification that complies with
                  Rule 902(11) or (12) or with a statute
                  permitting certification; and

            (E)   neither the source of information nor other
                  circumstances    indicate   a     lack   of
                  trustworthiness.

Pa.R.E. 803(6).      While a qualified witness need not have personal

knowledge, the individual must be able to “provide sufficient information

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relating to the preparation and maintenance of the records to justify a

presumption of trustworthiness.”     Keystone Dedicated, 77 A.3d at 13

(citing Boyle v. Steiman, 631 A.2d 1025, 1032 (Pa. Super. 1993)).

     Additionally, the Uniform Business Records as Evidence Act, codified at

42 Pa.C.S. § 6108, provides:

     A record of an act, condition or event shall, insofar as relevant,
     be competent evidence if the custodian or other qualified witness
     testifies to its identity and the mode of its preparation, and if it
     was made in the regular course of business at or near the time
     of the act, condition or event, and if, in the opinion of the
     tribunal, the sources of information, method and time of
     preparation were such as to justify its admission.

42 Pa.C.S. § 6108.    We have stated the following regarding the Uniform

Business Records as Evidence Act:

            The purpose of [the] Uniform Business Records as
     Evidence Act is to create an additional exception to the hearsay
     rule in circumstances where a record of an act, a condition or an
     event was made in the regular course of business, at or near the
     time of the act, condition or event and where the sources of
     information, method and time of preparation were such as to
     justify its admission. The question of whether documents should
     be admitted under the “business records” exception to the
     hearsay rule is within the discretionary power of the trial court
     provided such discretion is exercised within the Uniform Business
     Records as Evidence Act. It is not essential under the Uniform
     Business Records as Evidence Act to produce either the person
     who made the entries or the custodian of the record at the time
     the entries were made. Moreover, the law does not require that
     a witness qualifying business records even have a personal
     knowledge of the facts reported in the business record. As long
     as the authenticating witness can provide sufficient information
     relating to the preparation and maintenance of the records to
     justify a presumption of trustworthiness for the business records
     of a company, a sufficient basis is provided to offset the hearsay
     character of the evidence.

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Boyle, 631 A.2d at 1033 (internal citations omitted).

      At trial, Attorney D’Ambrosio was questioned regarding the notary

register maintained by his employee, Ms. Walters.       Attorney D’Ambrosio

testified that he was an attorney with his own general practice located in

West Chester, Pennsylvania, and had been practicing, at the time of the

trial, for forty-four years. N.T., 12/10/13, at 3-4. He estimated that he had

represented the Campisi family over the course of twenty-five to thirty years

in various legal matters. Id. at 4. During his years of practice, he employed

a secretary named Ms. Walters, who worked for him for twenty-six years.

Id. at 10. Ms. Walters was also a Notary Public. Id. Attorney D’Ambrosio

testified that there were typically three notaries employed at his office. Id.

at 19.   During his testimony, counsel presented Attorney D’Ambrosio with

Ms. Walter’s notary register. Id. at 17. Attorney D’Ambrosio testified that

the notary register was maintained at his office. Id. Attorney D’Ambrosio

explained that the notary register reflected an entry for the following:

“deed, Campisi, Joseph, Sr., Carmella V., . . . and Joseph, Jr. to Campisi,

Joseph Sr. and Carmella.” Id. at 18. Attorney D’Ambrosio testified that the

entry was dated March 12, 1992. Id. Appellant’s counsel objected to any

reference to and admission of this evidence, but the trial court permitted it

under the business records exception. Id. at 16.

      The evidence of record reflects that this notary register was properly

admitted into evidence under the business record exception. The record was

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made at the time of the transaction by Ms. Walters. The record was kept in

the course of Attorney D’Ambrosio’s regularly conducted business of his legal

practice. Making record of legal documents notarized was a regular practice

of that business.   Further, all of these conditions were established by

Attorney D’Ambrosio, who was obviously intrinsically involved in the

workings of his own legal practice.         Attorney D’Ambrosio’s testimony

regarding the regular business activity of notarizing legal documents

provided “sufficient information relating to the preparation and maintenance

of the records to justify a presumption of trustworthiness.”      Keystone

Dedicated, 77 A.3d at 13.      Moreover, no factors were established that

would indicate a lack of trustworthiness. As such, the notary register was

properly introduced under the business records exception. Additionally, for

the same reasons, the admission of the notary register was permitted

pursuant to the Uniform Business Records as Evidence Act, 42 Pa.C.S. §

6108(b).

     We find no merit to Appellant’s claim that pursuant to the Notary

Public Law, the notary register could not be admitted through the testimony

of Attorney D’Ambrosio because it was not a business record of Attorney

D’Ambrosio’s.   Appellant’s Brief at 17.    Although the Notary Public Law

provides that the notary register is the responsibility and property of the

notary, we cannot agree that such explanation of the maintenance of the

notary register precludes admittance of the notary register under the

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business records exception or under the Uniform Business Records as

Evidence Act.

       Further, we conclude that the trial court properly denied Appellant’s

request to question Attorney D’Ambrosio about Ms. Walters’ deposition

testimony.3      These out-of-court statements made by Ms. Walters were

properly precluded under the rule against the admission of such testimony

which constitute hearsay.        Pa.R.E. 802.      Appellant’s counsel did not argue

any exception to the general hearsay rule that would allow introduction of

this testimony either at the time of trial or in his brief.            Furthermore,

Appellant’s counsel failed to call Ms. Walters as a witness during the trial, at

which time she could have arguably testified to the information Appellant

was seeking to admit.4 Accordingly, Appellant’s first issue lacks merit.

       In his second claim, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in

prohibiting him from “questioning [Carmella] on the substantive factual and

legal averments regarding the key documents in this case as set forth in the

Consent Motion to Dismiss [Chesapeake] as a party to this action.”
____________________________________________

3
  Although Appellant makes reference to statements made in Ms. Walters’
deposition, that deposition is not part of the certified record; therefore, we
cannot consider any such evidence or testimony. Ruspi v. Glatz, 69 A.3d
680, 691 (Pa. Super. 2013) (“[F]or purposes of appellate review, what is not
in the certified record does not exist.”).
4
  We note references made to Ms. Walters’ possible unavailability in
Carmella’s brief.   We discern no reference in the trial transcript to
Appellant’s request that the trial court deemed Ms. Walters as being
unavailable, nor does Appellant direct us to such a request.

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Appellant’s Brief at 20.    Appellant maintains that he should have been

permitted to use the consent motion to cross-examine and impeach

Carmella on false or contradictory statements she made under oath while

testifying before the jury. Id. Appellant contends that Pa.R.E. 607 permits

the credibility of a witness to be impeached by any evidence relevant to that

issue, “except as otherwise provided by statute or these rules.”            Id.

Appellant further asserts that pursuant to Monaco v. Gula, 180 A.2d 893

(Pa. 1962), “prior statements within a pleading that contradict the testimony

of that party at trial are substantive evidence and admissible at trial.” Id. at

20. Appellant contends that, as a result, the verdict should be set aside and

a new trial ordered to remedy this error. Id. at 21.

      As noted previously, “[a]dmission of evidence is within the sound

discretion of the trial court and we review the trial court’s determinations

regarding the admissibility of evidence for an abuse of discretion.”

American Future Systems, Inc. v. BBB, 872 A.2d 1202, 1212 (Pa. Super.

2005). “To constitute reversible error, an evidentiary ruling must not only

be erroneous, but also harmful or prejudicial to the complaining party.” Id.

“For evidence to be admissible, it must be competent and relevant.”         Id.

Additionally, Pa.R.E. 607 provides as follows: “The credibility of a witness

may be impeached by any evidence relevant to that issue, except as

otherwise provided by statute or these rules.”

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      A review of Appellant’s argument, however, reveals his failure to

develop it with any specificity.     We note the following legal principles

regarding appellate briefs:

             This Court will not act as counsel and will not develop
      arguments on behalf of an appellant. When deficiencies in a
      brief hinder our ability to conduct meaningful appellate review,
      we may dismiss the appeal entirely or find certain issues to be
      waived. Pa.R.A.P. 2101. It is not this Court's responsibility to
      comb through the record seeking the factual underpinnings of
      [a] claim.

Irwin Union Nat. Bank and Trust Co. v. Famous, 4 A.3d 1099, 1103 (Pa.

Super. 2010) (some internal citations omitted). The brief must support the

claims with pertinent discussion, with references to the record, and with

citations to legal authorities. Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a), (b), (c).

      In this case, Appellant has failed to sufficiently develop his argument

for our review. Appellant has set forth a vague, one-page argument on this

issue. Although Appellant cites to some legal authority, he fails to support

his claim with pertinent discussion or references to the record.         Most

notably, Appellant fails to identify which statements in the consent motion

would be used to impeach Carmella, or how use of those statements would

result in impeachment of her credibility. Moreover, we are unable to discern

from Appellant’s limited discussion what trial testimony is being challenged.

As a result, we are unable to determine whether statements in the consent

motion are relevant to Carmella’s trial testimony and her credibility.   This

Court will not develop arguments on behalf of an appellant. Irwin Union

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Nat. Bank and Trust Co., 4 A.3d at 1103. Because these defects impede

our ability to conduct meaningful appellate review, we find this issue waived.

Id.

       In his remaining two issues, Appellant argues that he is entitled to

jnov   because     the   evidence     was      insufficient   to   sustain   the   verdict.

Appellant’s Brief at 21.       This Court has stated the following standard of

review in an appeal from the trial court’s decision to deny jnov:

       [W]e must consider the evidence, together with all favorable
       inferences drawn therefrom, in a light most favorable to the
       verdict winner.      Our standard of review when considering
       motions for a directed verdict and judgment notwithstanding the
       verdict are identical. We will reverse a trial court’s grant or
       denial of a judgment notwithstanding the verdict only when we
       find an abuse of discretion or an error of law that controlled the
       outcome of the case. Further, the standard of review for an
       appellate court is the same as that for a trial court.

Drake Mfg. Co., Inc. v. Polyflow, Inc., 109 A.3d 250, 258-259 (Pa.

Super. 2015).

       Appellant first argues that the jury failed to give adequate deference to

the undisputed testimony showing lack of consideration in the 1992 Deed

transfer.5    Appellant’s Brief at 23.          Appellant asserts that both he and

Carmella testified that the property was originally purchased for $21,000

and that Appellant had contributed one-half of that amount.                   Id. at 24.
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5
  We note that in his Statement of Questions Involved, Appellant lists this as
his third issue. In his argument section, however, Appellant has developed
this issue as his fourth claim. We have addressed this issue in accordance
with the order set forth in the Statement of Questions Involved.

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Appellant maintains that he did not receive any compensation for the alleged

1992 Deed transfer, and Carmella testified that although the Deed indicates

$1.00 of consideration, nominal in and of itself, Appellant was not paid $1.00

or any other consideration for the transfer. Id. Appellant maintains that the

jury’s failure to give due deference to this uncontroverted fact entitles

Appellant to a jnov. Id.

      In addressing this issue, the trial court provided the following

discussion:

      [Appellant] contends that the nominal consideration for the 1992
      deed was never received. Specifically, [Appellant] argues that
      the jury failed to take this into consideration. However, as
      [Carmella’s] brief points out, [Appellant] did not cite to the
      record in any way to support this claim, nor did [he] make this
      claim at trial. Moreover, it is clearly established in the record
      that the jury was asked to determine whether or not the 1992
      deed was a forgery, not whether or not [Appellant] did receive
      nominal consideration. [Appellant] has failed to establish any
      reason for this court to grant JNOV.

Trial Court Opinion, 9/2/14, at 6.

      A review of the trial transcript supports the trial court’s analysis.

Indeed, the basis upon which Appellant proceeded at trial in support of his

claim was that the signature on the deed was forged. We cannot agree that

Appellant pursued the theory that the deed was invalid on the basis of his

failure to receive consideration for the transfer. In fact, the two questions

placed on the jury slip were:        1)   whether the 1992 deed signature of

Appellant was forged, and 2) whether Appellant and Carmella Campisi had

an oral contract whereby Appellant is to receive fifty percent of the gas

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profit.   Verdict slip, 12/11/13, at 1; see also N.T., 12/11/13, at 60, 104,

110.      Issues raised for the first time on appeal are deemed waived.

Pa.R.A.P. 302(a); See also Rivera v. Home Depot, 832 A.2d 487, 491 (Pa.

Super. 2003) (quoting Commonwealth v. York, 465 A.2d 1028, 1032 (Pa.

Super. 1983) (new or different theory of relief may not be advanced for first

time on appeal).6

        In his final issue, Appellant asserts that the testimony presented at

trial   by   both   Carmella     and   Appellant   establishes   an   oral   contract,

independent of any lease document, that payments under the lease would

be split evenly between the two parties.              Appellant’s Brief at 22-23.

Appellant contends that the testimony established a binding and enforceable

contract between the parties, “under Pennsylvania law, irrespective of any

issues with regard to the ownership of the Property and the forgery on the

1992 Deed.” Id. at 23. Accordingly, Appellant argues, he is entitled to jnov

as to this issue. Id.

        After reviewing the testimony presented at trial, we cannot agree with

Appellant’s assertion that the testimony established the existence of an

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6
  We note that although Appellant raised the claim that the contract was
invalid on the basis of lack of consideration in his post-trial motion, he did
not pursue this theory of liability at trial. The issue is waived for Appellant’s
failure to raise it until post-trial motions. Goods v. Pennsylvania Bd. of
Probation and Parole, 912 A.2d 226, 234 (Pa. 2006) (citing
Commonwealth v. Lopez, 318 A.2d 334, 336 (Pa. 1974)) (appellant
waived his claim by failing to raise it until post-trial motions.).

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agreement between the parties to split payments evenly.        The record

supports the jury’s verdict that no such agreement to split the profits

existed.   As such, we cannot conclude that the trial court committed an

abuse of discretion in denying Appellant’s request for jnov.

      Judgment affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/28/2015

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