Court Opinion

ID: 4562988
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-09-04 14:05:02.664589+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:10:12.844549
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF IOWA
                              No. 20–0298

           Submitted July 14, 2020—Filed September 4, 2020

IOWA SUPREME COURT ATTORNEY DISCIPLINARY BOARD,

      Complainant,

vs.

JOHN P. BEAUVAIS JR.,

      Respondent.

      On review of the report of the Iowa Supreme Court Grievance

Commission.

      In an attorney disciplinary action, the grievance commission

recommends a three-month suspension for violation of attorney ethics

rules. LICENSE SUSPENDED.

      McDermott, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which all

justices joined.

      Tara van Brederode and Crystal W. Rink, Des Moines, for

complainant.

      John P. Beauvais Jr., Sioux City, pro se.
                                     2

McDERMOTT, Justice.

      With trial looming and a discovery sanctions motion pending, a

woefully underprepared lawyer told opposing counsel and the court that

his client had accepted the opponent’s $15,000 settlement offer. But the

client had forcefully rejected that offer, saying she’d rather get nothing.

The lawyer then pressured the client into accepting the $15,000 settlement

using false information.

      This case is a cautionary tale to the unprepared lawyer to avoid

attempts to whitewash one’s poor performance by pressuring a client to

settle to end the case. Here, the settlement ended the lawsuit but triggered

this attorney disciplinary matter.

      A division of our grievance commission heard the evidence and

concluded the lawyer committed multiple violations of the Iowa Rules of

Professional Conduct and recommended a three-month suspension of the

lawyer’s license. Upon our review, we find all the same violations of our

ethics rules and impose the recommended three-month suspension.

      I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

      John Beauvais Jr. graduated from law school in 2013 and was

admitted to practice law in Iowa that same year. He started his legal career

as an associate with a Sioux City law firm, but after a couple years (in

March 2016), he left to start a solo practice.

      In September 2014, while still at his prior firm, Beauvais filed a

personal injury lawsuit on behalf of Sharel Banks and her minor child

against the owner and manager of a rental property where Banks and the

child previously lived.    The lawsuit sought damages for the child’s

exposure to lead paint while residing at the rental property.

      Beauvais gave a phoned-in performance as Banks’s advocate in the

litigation. He had to file a motion to extend time for service because he
                                      3

failed to serve one of the defendants within the required time period. On

November 23—shortly after Beauvais had served the lawsuit on both

defendants—the defendants’ counsel asked Beauvais to provide a

settlement demand. Beauvais failed to provide one. On January 7, 2015,

defendants’ counsel made the request again.      Beauvais again failed to

provide one.     On February 5, and again on February 26, defendants’

counsel made requests for a settlement demand.         Beauvais failed to

respond each time.

      On March 9, the defendants served discovery requests. Beauvais

didn’t contact Banks to discuss these requests or provide her a copy of

them. He never served any discovery requests on behalf of his clients at

any point. He also never requested or took depositions of the defendants

or any other witnesses.

      On March 9, Beauvais did file an expert witness designation on his

clients’ behalf, identifying Heather Christiansen as an expert.        The

problem: Christiansen and Beauvais had never communicated about the

matter. Beauvais didn’t know what opinions, if any, she would offer in the

case. On March 14, opposing counsel requested Christiansen’s expert

report. Beauvais didn’t respond.

      On March 18, Beauvais notified the court that he’d left his law firm

and started his solo practice. But he didn’t notify Banks, who learned

Beauvais left when she later tried to contact Beauvais at his prior firm to

get an update on her case.

      Defendants’ counsel sent Beauvais a letter on April 14, again

requesting Christiansen’s expert report, and another letter on April 25,

requesting the overdue discovery responses. Beauvais never responded to

either letter.   On May 10, defendants’ counsel left Beauvais a phone

message. Beauvais didn’t return it.
                                       4

        On May 11, defendants’ counsel filed a motion to compel the overdue

discovery responses. The district court set a hearing for May 25. Beauvais

didn’t file a resistance to the motion and didn’t appear for the hearing. The

district court granted the motion to compel and gave Beauvais fifteen days

to provide responses. Beauvais didn’t provide responses by the deadline

but did provide responses several days after the deadline. Defendants’

counsel later filed motions to compel and for sanctions alleging deficiencies

in the discovery responses.

        On June 8, Beauvais filed a designation of rebuttal expert witnesses

identifying Brett Kuhn and Cynthia Ellis as rebuttal experts. But these

designations had the same problem as the prior one: Beauvais hadn’t

communicated with Kuhn or Ellis and thus didn’t know what opinions, if

any, they might offer in the case.

        On June 23, defendants’ counsel once again asked for a settlement

demand from Beauvais to resolve the case. Beauvais once again didn’t

respond to opposing counsel.         Beauvais never informed Banks of the

defendants’ repeated requests for a settlement demand throughout the

case.

        Meanwhile, defendants’ counsel requested from Beauvais open

dates for depositions in the case. Beauvais didn’t respond, so defendants’

counsel unilaterally scheduled depositions, including the deposition of

Banks. After Banks’s deposition, defendants’ counsel twice requested a

lead paint pamphlet that Banks referenced in her testimony. Beauvais

never contacted Banks asking for the pamphlet and never responded to

opposing counsel’s request.

        On August 8—the day before the scheduled hearing on defendants’

motions to compel and for sanctions, one month before the September 6

jury trial date, and more than eight months after defendants first
                                       5

requested it—Beauvais finally sent a settlement demand to defendants’

counsel. The amount demanded: $356,000.

      The next day, Banks asked Beauvais for a copy of the settlement

demand letter and an update on the case. Beauvais responded but didn’t

provide the email containing the settlement demand.           He also didn’t

mention the impending hearing on the motions to compel and for

sanctions,   or   the   need   to   supplement   the   discovery   responses.

Defendants’ counsel made two more requests for the lead paint pamphlet,

again without action by Beauvais. When Beauvais later informed Banks

about the hearing on the motions, he misrepresented to her that its

scheduling was “very much a last minute thing.”

      On August 23, defendants’ counsel presented Beauvais with a

settlement offer of $10,000. Beauvais never communicated the offer to

Banks. The next day, Beauvais filed a motion to continue the September 6

trial date. The defendants resisted the motion.

      On August 30, the defendants also filed a motion in limine seeking

to prevent the plaintiffs from presenting testimony about damages based

on the failure to respond adequately to the defendants’ damages

interrogatory. The motion in limine also sought to prevent the plaintiffs’

designated experts from testifying about causation and to prevent

testimony from a potential as-yet undesignated medical expert who’d not

yet been disclosed.     (The same day, well beyond the expert deadline,

Beauvais filed a supplemental expert designation listing a new doctor as

an expert.) Beauvais failed to file any trial witness or exhibit lists, or any

proposed jury instructions, seven days before the trial as required.

      On August 31, the district court held a telephonic hearing on

Beauvais’s motion to continue the trial and on the defendants’ various

motions. The district court granted the motion to continue the trial but
                                     6

noted the plaintiffs’ failures to disclose damages, experts, or any witnesses

on causation. In its order the court said the “entire cause” for the case

not being ready for trial was “Beauvais’s inexperience and unfamiliarity

with the rules.” Beauvais never provided this court order to Banks.

      The next day, on September 1, the defendants made a $15,000

settlement offer. This time Beauvais promptly emailed Banks about it,

telling her, “I strongly advise you to accept this offer.” But Banks firmly

rejected the offer, emailing Beauvais that she’d “rather get NOTHING.”

Beauvais continued to urge Banks to accept the $15,000 settlement offer

and told her the court was likely to dismiss her lawsuit if she didn’t settle

it. Banks reiterated to Beauvais that she had no interest in settling for

$15,000.

      Notwithstanding Bank’s decision, on September 2, Beauvais told

defendants’ counsel that Banks accepted the $15,000 settlement offer.

But Beauvais didn’t tell Banks. Four days later, Banks appeared at the

courthouse to attend the hearing scheduled on the pending motions. Only

then she learned—from courthouse staff—that there would be no hearing

because her case had settled.

      On September 14, defendants’ counsel sent Beauvais the settlement

check, release, and dismissal with prejudice.       On October 5, having

received no response from Beauvais, defendants’ counsel sent a follow-up

letter. Beauvais still didn’t respond. On October 21, defendants’ counsel

filed a motion to enforce the settlement agreement.       The district court

scheduled a hearing for November 18. Beauvais didn’t inform Banks of

the pending motion or the hearing.

      At the hearing, Beauvais told the district court that Banks had

previously agreed to the $15,000 settlement offer. The court thus granted

the motion to enforce the settlement. The order required Banks to sign
                                    7

the agreement, and if she didn’t, the court would dismiss her case with

prejudice. Beauvais didn’t provide Banks a copy of the order.

      On November 29, Beauvais sent Banks both a letter and an email

informing her that if she didn’t sign the agreement she would be “in

contempt of the Court order.” But the court’s order made no mention or

threat of holding Banks in contempt. When Banks sent Beauvais a text

asking what would happen if she didn’t sign the agreement, Beauvais

responded that she could have to pay over $3000 in attorney fees and

could be assessed court costs. These repercussions, again, were nowhere

in the court’s order.

      Several days later, Banks emailed Beauvais stating she didn’t want

to owe $3000 in attorney fees, be assessed court fees, or have her case

dismissed. Saying she felt she had no “other option at this point,” Banks

signed the settlement agreement.        Beauvais filed the dismissal with

prejudice ending the litigation. During the course of the case, Beauvais

never provided Banks with copies of any pleadings, court orders, or any of

the many pieces of correspondence from defendants’ counsel that he’d

received.

      Banks complained to the Iowa Supreme Court Attorney Disciplinary

Board. The Board thereafter filed a complaint against Beauvais with the

Iowa Supreme Court Grievance Commission alleging multiple violations of

the Iowa Rules of Professional Conduct.        Beauvais filed an answer

admitting to some facts and violations and denying others. A division of

the grievance commission held a hearing and found the Board proved all

the rule violations alleged and recommended a three-month suspension.

      II. Standard of Review.

      We conduct a de novo review of attorney disciplinary cases. Iowa

Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Ricklefs, 844 N.W.2d 689, 696 (Iowa
                                     8

2014).   While we respectfully consider the findings of the grievance

commission, we aren’t bound by them. Id. The Board has the burden of

proving rule violations by a “convincing preponderance of the evidence,”

which is more demanding than the “preponderance of the evidence”

standard, but less demanding than proof “beyond a reasonable doubt.”

Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. McGinness, 844 N.W.2d 456,

461 (Iowa 2014).

      III. Ethical Violations.

      A. Competence. Iowa Rule of Professional Conduct 32:1.1 requires

lawyers to provide “competent representation” to clients.      “Competent

representation requires the legal knowledge, skill, thoroughness, and

preparation reasonably necessary for the representation.” Id. To establish

a violation of this rule, the Board must prove the lawyer “did not possess

the requisite legal knowledge and skill to handle the case or that the

attorney did not make a competent analysis of the factual and legal

elements of the matter.”     Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v.

Kennedy, 837 N.W.2d 659, 668 (Iowa 2013) (quoting Iowa Supreme Ct.

Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Thomas, 794 N.W.2d 290, 293 n.2 (Iowa 2011)).

      Beauvais admitted multiple times at the hearing that he lacked the

experience to handle this type of case. Although he was aware toxic tort

litigation generally required expert testimony on causation and damages,

Beauvais failed to secure an expert on either subject.          He instead

designated four different experts at various points despite never speaking

to any of them about their opinions, preparing expert reports, or testifying

at trial. And despite the complexity of the claims in the case, he served no

written interrogatories, requests for production of documents, or

subpoenas, and took no depositions.
                                     9

      Both Beauvais’s actions and failures to act lay bare his admitted

lack of legal knowledge and skill to handle this case. The Board proved a

violation of rule 32:1.1.

      B. Abiding by Client Decisions and Candor Toward the Court.

Iowa Rule of Professional Conduct 32:1.2(a) states that “a lawyer shall

abide by a client’s decisions concerning the objectives of representation”

and “consult with the client as to the means by which they are to be

pursued.” As to settlement, our ethics rules are explicit about who calls

the shots: “A lawyer shall abide by a client’s decision whether to settle a

matter.” Id.; see also 16 Gregory C. Sisk & Mark S. Cady, Iowa Practice

Series™: Lawyer and Judicial Ethics § 5:2(b) author’s cmt., at 162 (2020

ed.) [hereinafter Lawyer and Judicial Ethics] (“Rule 1.2(a) explicitly places

certain decisions under the client’s exclusive authority. The client in civil

litigation has the right to decide whether to settle a matter and on what

basis.”). The Board proved Beauvais failed to abide by his client’s firmly

held, and firmly stated, decision to reject the $15,000 settlement offer.

      Iowa Rule of Professional Conduct 32:3.3(a)(1) prohibits a lawyer

from “knowingly” making any “false statement of fact or law to a tribunal,”

or its corollary, failing to correct a previously made false statement.

“Knowingly” means “actual knowledge of the fact in question,” and “may

be inferred from circumstances.”      Id. r. 32:1.0(f).   The Board proved

Beauvais knowingly made a false statement to the district court when he

reported that his client had agreed to settle the case when he knew she

hadn’t.

      C. Diligence. Rule 32:1.3 requires lawyers to “act with reasonable

diligence and promptness in representing a client.” Id. r. 32:1.3. Beauvais

demonstrated neglect of Banks’s case most obviously in his failure to

pursue proof on the linchpin elements of causation and damages.
                                    10

      Neglect of a client’s case “often involves procrastination, such as a

lawyer doing little or nothing to advance the interests of a client after

agreeing to represent the client.” Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd.

v. Humphrey, 812 N.W.2d 659, 666 (Iowa 2012) (quoting Iowa Supreme Ct.

Bd. of Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Moorman, 683 N.W.2d 549, 552 (Iowa

2004)). Examples of Beauvais’s procrastination in this case are many. He

failed to timely contact Banks concerning defendants’ counsel’s repeated

requests for a settlement demand. He failed to respond timely to discovery,

prompting a motion to compel, and then failed to respond by the court-

ordered response deadline after the district court granted the motion to

compel. After receiving a second motion to compel, he waited almost two

months to notify his client about the need to provide supplemental

responses. He failed to communicate with any expert witnesses, despite

designating four different ones, and filed a late supplemental expert

witness designation. And he failed to file a witness or exhibit list, or any

proposed jury instructions, by the deadline seven days before trial.

      Beauvais didn’t act with reasonable diligence in this matter. The

Board proved a violation of this rule.

      D. Communication. The Board charged several violations relating

to Beauvais’s failures to communicate with Banks.            Iowa Rule of

Professional Conduct 32:1.4(a)(1) commands a lawyer to “promptly inform

the client of any decision or circumstance” that requires the client’s

informed consent. Rule 32:1.4(a)(3) requires a lawyer to “keep the client

reasonably informed about the status of the matter.” Id. r. 32:1.4(a)(3).

And rule 32:1.4(b) compels a lawyer to “explain a matter to the extent

reasonably necessary to permit the client to make informed decisions

regarding the representation.” Id. r. 32:1.4(b).
                                      11

      Settlement decisions require a client’s informed consent. When an

opposing party makes a settlement offer, a lawyer “must promptly inform

the client of its substance unless the client has previously indicated that

the proposal will be acceptable or unacceptable or has authorized the

lawyer to accept or to reject the offer.” Id. r. 32:1.4 cmt. 2. Banks testified

that she never discussed with Beauvais a “zone of possible settlement” and

had never given him authority to accept any particular settlement amount.

The commission didn’t find credible Beauvais’s claim that Banks

preemptively told Beauvais she wouldn’t accept a $10,000 settlement offer,

and the commission thus determined Beauvais committed an ethics

violation in failing to contact her about that offer.     We agree with the

commission’s finding and its related determination that the Board proved

a violation of rule 32:1.4(a)(1) based on Beauvais’s failure to communicate

the defendants’ $10,000 settlement offer.

      Beauvais admitted that he generally failed to keep Banks reasonably

informed about her case.          But Beauvais failed in particular to

communicate about subjects that would have alerted Banks to Beauvais’s

lack of diligence throughout the case.       For example, Beauvais didn’t

provide Banks copies of court orders and motions that negatively

portrayed his performance in the case, including the motions to compel

and motion for sanctions, the district court order stating the entire cause

for the trial delay was Beauvais’s “inexperience and unfamiliarity with the

rules,” and the motion to enforce settlement related to Banks’s made-up

acceptance of the $15,000 settlement offer. See Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y

Disciplinary Bd. v. Noel, 933 N.W.2d 190, 200 (Iowa 2019) (finding violation

when lawyer failed to disclose a motion to compel). A lawyer’s duty to keep

clients reasonably informed “applies even when the information to be
                                     12

shared does not cast the lawyer in a positive light.” Lawyer and Judicial

Ethics § 5:4(e) author’s cmt., at 198.

      The Board proved Beauvais similarly failed to explain matters to

enable Banks to make informed decisions in the case. Beauvais’s failure

to inform Banks of the motions to compel or sanctions—or the

ramifications of those motions—ensured she didn’t have enough

information to make informed decisions or to participate in those aspects

of her case. See Noel, 933 N.W.2d at 200.

      At a minimum, lawyers in litigation “should explain the general

strategy and prospects of success.” Iowa R. Prof’l Conduct 32:1.4 cmt. 5.

But it’s not clear Beauvais developed, let alone communicated, much of

any strategy about how he intended to advance her case.          Beauvais

testified that he never figured out how he’d prove causation or damages.

Beauvais’s failure to inform and involve Banks understandably spurred

Banks’s confusion and anger when Beauvais later pushed her to accept

settlement to avoid dismissal of the case or payment of attorney fees and

court costs.

      E. Discovery Response Failures. Rule 32:3.4(d) prohibits a lawyer

from failing to make “a reasonably diligent effort to comply with a legally

proper discovery request.” Id. r. 32:3.4(d). In Iowa Supreme Court Attorney

Disciplinary Board v. Noel, we found a violation of this rule when a lawyer

failed to respond to discovery, forcing opposing counsel to inquire

repeatedly about the missing responses; failed to timely respond to

opposing counsel’s reasonable inquiries; provided late responses despite a

court order granting a motion to compel that gave a specific date for

production; and delayed in responding, causing the opposing party to file

a motion for sanctions and motion in limine to exclude evidence not
                                      13

produced in discovery. 933 N.W.2d at 202–03. Beauvais’s conduct checks

each of these boxes.

      Beauvais said he didn’t timely respond to opposing counsel’s

requests because he was “trying to cover for the fact that we did not have

the evidence, the link, the proof of damages that we needed.” But the

defendants had a right to obtain evidence and information about

Beauvais’s clients’ claims, and his stonewalling to prevent disclosure of

the lack of evidence likely drove up unnecessary costs for the defendants

and certainly caused unreasonable delay as they sought to defend against

the claims. The Board proved a violation of this rule.

      F. Misrepresentation.        Rule 32:8.4(c) prohibits a lawyer from

engaging    in   “conduct      involving   dishonesty,   fraud,   deceit,   or

misrepresentation.” Iowa R. Prof’l Conduct 32:8.4(c). To show a violation,

the Board must prove that the attorney “acted with ‘some level of scienter’

rather than mere negligence.” Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v.

Meyer, 944 N.W.2d 61, 69 (Iowa 2020) (quoting Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y

Disciplinary Bd. v. Green, 888 N.W.2d 398, 403 (Iowa 2016)). We must

sort out “whether the effect of the lawyer’s conduct is to mislead rather

than to inform.” Id. at 404.

      Beauvais misrepresented to opposing counsel, and later to the court,

that his client had accepted the $15,000 settlement offer when she hadn’t.

Falsehoods have a tendency to metastasize like cancers, as happened

here: When the district court granted the motion to enforce the settlement,

Beauvais emailed Banks with unsupported threats that if she didn’t sign

the agreement the court would hold her in contempt, make her pay over

$3000 in attorney fees, and assess court costs against her. The district

court’s order said none of this.
                                     14

         Beauvais testified that he misused the word “contempt” and wasn’t

trying to misrepresent the court’s order. But he also testified that his

threat about Banks risking payment of $3000 concerned his potential

refusal to lower his own fee, not a fee shifting in which Banks would be

made to pay defendants’ legal fees.       This appears at odds with their

communications in the written correspondence. And we must view all of

these statements in the context of the litigation. Beauvais had done hardly

any of the necessary work on the case when, with trial imminent, he falsely

told opposing counsel that his client had accepted the $15,000 settlement

offer.    There’s a strong link between Beauvais’s misrepresentations to

convince Banks to settle to end the case and his earlier performance

failures in the litigation.   The Board proved Beauvais knowingly and

intentionally made misrepresentations in violation of the rule.

         G. Prejudice to the Administration of Justice.      Rule 32:8.4(d)

prohibits conduct “prejudicial to the administration of justice.” Iowa R.

Prof’l Conduct 32:8.4(d).      While there is no “typical” conduct that

prejudices the administration of justice, it includes conduct that hampers

“the efficient and proper operation of the courts,” such as unnecessary

court proceedings, delays, or dismissals.        Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y

Disciplinary Bd. v. Vandel, 889 N.W.2d 659, 666 (Iowa 2017) (quoting Iowa

Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Templeton, 784 N.W.2d 761, 768 (Iowa

2010)).

         Beauvais’s repeated failures to respond to discovery requests

required the defendants to file two motions to compel and a motion for

sanctions and for the court to hold hearings on these motions.        More

importantly, the district court delayed the trial in this matter days before

the scheduled start date, blaming Beauvais.        Beauvais’s neglect and

“untimely handling of discovery matters resulted in additional court
                                   15

proceedings and caused other court proceedings to be delayed.” Noel, 933

N.W.2d at 204 (finding violation of rule 32:8.4(d)). The Board proved a

violation of this rule.

      IV. Sanction.

      The purposes of lawyer discipline include protection of the public,

the need for deterring other lawyers from similar misconduct, upholding

the integrity of the legal system, and assuring the fair administration of

justice. See, e.g., Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Kozlik, 943

N.W.2d 589, 595 (Iowa 2020); Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v.

Van Ginkel, 809 N.W.2d 96, 109 (Iowa 2012); see also Am. Bar Ass’n,

Annotated Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions § 1.1, at 1 (2015).

      We have no standard sanction for particular types of misconduct.

Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Clarity, 838 N.W.2d 648, 660

(Iowa 2013). We determine the appropriate sanctions based on the unique

circumstances of the case before us, but we aim for consistency with our

prior cases in imposing sanctions. Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd.

v. Rhinehart, 827 N.W.2d 169, 182 (Iowa 2013); McGinness, 844 N.W.2d

at 464. In determining the appropriate sanction, we analyze the nature of

ethical duty the lawyer violated, the lawyer’s mental state, the extent of

the actual or potential injury caused by the lawyer’s misconduct, and any

aggravating and mitigating circumstances. See, e.g., Iowa Supreme Ct.

Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Schall, 814 N.W.2d 210, 214 (Iowa 2012); Iowa

Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Lustgraaf, 792 N.W.2d 295, 301 (Iowa

2010); see also Am. Bar Ass’n, Annotated Standards for Imposing Lawyer

Sanctions § 3.0, at 113.

      We give respectful consideration to the commission’s findings and

recommendations but may impose a greater or lesser sanction than what

the commission recommends. Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v.
                                    16

Stoller, 879 N.W.2d 199, 207 (Iowa 2016). The commission recommended

a three-month suspension. The Board asks us to follow the commission’s

recommendation, while Beauvais argues for a one-month suspension.

      Attorney neglect cases typically result in sanctions anywhere from a

public reprimand to a six-month suspension. Kennedy, 837 N.W.2d at

675. “In cases involving neglect in one or two cases and other misconduct

such as misrepresentations associated with the neglect, the suspensions

have been in the range of three months.” Id. (quoting Van Ginkel, 809

N.W.2d at 109).

      Sanctions for misconduct involving misrepresentations have varied

depending on the nature of the misrepresentation and other unethical

conduct proved in the case. See, e.g., McGinness, 844 N.W.2d at 467 (six-

month suspension for falsifying civil discovery and making repeated

misrepresentations about it); Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v.

Kallsen, 814 N.W.2d 233, 240 (Iowa 2012) (one-year suspension for forging

guilty plea document); Van Ginkel, 809 N.W.2d at 110–11 (two-month

suspension for filing interlocutory report with a false statement and other

violations); Comm. on Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Bauerle, 460 N.W.2d 452,

454 (Iowa 1990) (six-month suspension for alteration and backdating of

partnership documents with false notarization).     As we noted in Iowa

Supreme Court Attorney Disciplinary Board v. McGinness, a number of our

disciplinary cases imposing six-month suspensions for dishonesty or

misrepresentation have involved additional unethical conduct.          844

N.W.2d at 465 (six-month suspension for misrepresentations as well as

neglect and other violations); see also Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary

Bd. v. Wagner, 768 N.W.2d 279, 288–89 (Iowa 2009) (per curiam) (same);

Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Powell, 726 N.W.2d 397, 408

(Iowa 2007) (six-month suspension for misrepresentation and various
                                      17

other disciplinary violations); Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics &

Conduct v. Stein, 586 N.W.2d 523, 526 (Iowa 1998) (six-month suspension

for intentional misrepresentations and neglect).

      In Iowa Supreme Court Attorney Disciplinary Board v. Kennedy, a

lawyer   severely    neglected   multiple   client   matters    and   failed   to

communicate with his clients, violating five of the same ethics violations

as in this case. 837 N.W.2d at 667–72. We suspended the lawyer’s license

for one year. Id. at 678. But Kennedy involved neglect of many more

clients that suffered harm than in this case, and the lawyer had a

disciplinary history with similar prior ethics violations, suggesting the

lawyer hadn’t adequately addressed the problems. Id. at 677 (noting prior

sixty-day suspension primarily for neglect).

      In Iowa Supreme Court Board of Professional Ethics & Conduct v.

Hohenadel,    a     lawyer   neglected   two   client   matters     and      made

misrepresentations to the court and his clients about the status of those

matters. 634 N.W.2d 652, 653 (Iowa 2001). We determined the conduct

warranted a four-month suspension. Id. at 657; see also Comm. on Prof’l

Ethics & Conduct v. Horn, 379 N.W.2d 6, 9–10 (Iowa 1985) (finding a

lawyer’s failure to cooperate in his disciplinary matter, neglect of a client

matter, and misrepresentations warranted a three-month suspension).

      In Iowa Supreme Court Attorney Disciplinary Board v. Van Ginkel, a

lawyer neglected an estate case and made false statements to the court,

violating multiple ethics rules. 809 N.W.2d at 109–10. We considered

Van Ginkel’s misrepresentation to the district court “a particularly

disturbing factor” in our analysis of the sanction.            Id. at 111.     We

suspended his license for sixty days. Id. But unlike here, there was no

evidence the ethics violations in Van Ginkel harmed the client. Id. at 110.
                                    18

      We turn to aggravating and mitigating factors.         Multiple rule

violations, as we have here, are an aggravating factor. Iowa Supreme Ct.

Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Parrish, 925 N.W.2d 163, 181 (Iowa 2019). Client

harm, also present here, is likewise an aggravating factor. Iowa Supreme

Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Kingery, 871 N.W.2d 109, 122 (Iowa 2015).

      There are also several mitigating factors to consider. The foremost

is Beauvais’s acute inexperience when he took on this case. A lawyer’s

inexperience can be a mitigating factor.        Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y

Disciplinary Bd. v. Turner, 918 N.W.2d 130, 155 (Iowa 2018). Beauvais

now recognizes that he had no business taking on a complicated toxic tort

case of this type considering his lack of training and support. He had no

experience evaluating, engaging, and assisting the types of expert

witnesses he was relying on to prove causation and damages, and he

apparently had no mentors or other experienced hands available to help

train or assist him on these things as the case proceeded.

      Beauvais expressed remorse and admitted to many of his failures in

this case. Remorse is a mitigating factor, as are admissions to violations.

Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Jacobsma, 920 N.W.2d 813,

820–21 (Iowa 2018). Although Beauvais could have been more fulsome in

his admission of certain mistakes he made (as the Board points out), his

acknowledgment of mistakes on many aspects of his conduct is

noteworthy. His admissions are borne out in his self-limitation of practice

areas in the future to avoid repeating the mistakes in this case. Voluntary

remedial efforts are, similarly, mitigating factors. Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y

Disciplinary Bd. v. West, 901 N.W.2d 519, 528 (Iowa 2017).

      Beauvais testified to suffering from depression, attention deficit

hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety. Beauvais testified that each played a

role in some aspect of his misconduct in this case. Each can constitute a
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mitigating condition if the lawyer seeks treatment to address it.      See

Turner, 918 N.W.2d at 156. Beauvais disclosed the steps he’s taking to

address them.

      Finally, Beauvais’s legal work with an underserved part of the

community is a mitigating factor. Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd.

v. Weiland, 862 N.W.2d 627, 643 (Iowa 2015).           Beauvais provides

substantial services to indigent people and clients, and he provided free

legal assistance at the self-help desk at the Woodbury County Courthouse

and in two different legal aid clinics. We’ve recognized such service as a

mitigating factor. See Iowa Supreme Ct. Att’y Disciplinary Bd. v. Ackerman,

786 N.W.2d 491, 497–98 (Iowa 2010).

      While Beauvais’s inexperience when he handled this case is a

significant mitigating factor, “neglect compounded by misrepresentation

will warrant a more severe sanction because of the critical importance of

honesty in our profession.”    Humphrey, 812 N.W.2d at 666 (quoting

Thomas, 794 N.W.2d at 294).      Even inexperienced lawyers must know

better than to make misrepresentations to their clients, opposing counsel,

and the court.

      His inexperience in the practice and lack of support had Beauvais

in a hole seemingly from the outset. His severe neglect only deepened the

hole. Having found himself in a hole as trial drew near, he would have

been wise to abide the adage to “stop digging.” But he instead pursued a

path to paper over his failures with misrepresentations that harmed his

clients.   We find the commission’s recommendation of a three-month

suspension is appropriate.

      V. Disposition.

      We suspend the license to practice law of John P. Beauvais Jr. with

no possibility for reinstatement for three months. This suspension applies
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to all facets of the practice of law. He must comply with the notification

requirements in Iowa Court Rule 34.24. We tax the costs of this action to

Beauvais under Iowa Court Rule 36.24(1).

      LICENSE SUSPENDED.