Court Opinion

ID: 2925136
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-11 21:15:26.705137+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:46:13.628548
License: Public Domain

NUMBER 13-06-00545-CV

                             COURT OF APPEALS

                   THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                      CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

MARY LOUISE SWANTNER-CARTER,                                                   Appellant,

v.

THE FROST NATIONAL BANK AS
SUCCESSOR TRUSTEE, BILLY
TOSHEFF, MICHELLE EMURA,
STEVE TOSHEFF, AND ALEX TOSHEFF,                                              Appellees.

     On appeal from the 148th District Court of Nueces County, Texas.

                          MEMORANDUM OPINION
             Before Justices Rodriguez, Garza, and Benavides
                 Memorandum Opinion by Justice Garza
       Appellant, Mary Louise Swantner-Carter (“Carter”), challenges the trial court’s denial

of her request to modify or terminate the testamentary trust established by her father,

George Robert Swantner (“Swantner”). See TEX . PROP. CODE ANN . § 112.054 (Vernon

2007) (providing for judicial modification or termination of trusts). By three issues, Carter

contends that: (1) the trial court erred by failing to find controlling facts and make
necessary conclusions of law; (2) the trial court’s denial of her request to modify or

terminate the trust was error; and (3) the evidence was legally insufficient to support the

trial court’s findings and conclusions. We affirm.

                                      I. BACKGROUND

       By his will dated November 8, 1966, Swantner left a one-quarter interest of his

estate in a spendthrift trust for his daughter, Carter, with a remaining interest in Carter’s

heirs. Swantner also left one-quarter interests in his estate to two of his sons outright and

to his third son in a separate, more liberal trust. Swantner appointed Guaranty National

Bank and Trust (“Guaranty”) as independent executor of his will and as trustee for Carter’s

trust. According to the will, Carter was to receive $600 per month from the trust principal.

The trust instrument also contained spendthrift provisions, protecting the trust from liability

for Carter’s debts. By a codicil dated July 25, 1974, Swantner designated a tract of land

to vest in fee simple to Carter. Swantner died in 1978.

       In 1981, Carter, suffering from physical and mental health problems, filed suit

against Citizens State Bank (“Citizens”), which succeeded Guaranty as trustee, seeking

modification of the trust to provide her with additional funds. On December 14, 1981, the

trial court rendered an order modifying the trust terms to provide that Carter could be paid

a maximum of $3,000 per month, which would be indexed to inflation.                 The court

specifically ordered that these monthly distributions would be paid for Carter’s

“maintenance, support, medical care and hospitalization” and would be made exclusively

from the net income of the trust. However, since the district court’s modification, the trust

has not consistently generated $3,000 in monthly income. Presently, the approximately

$466,500 in trust assets generate around $2,000 per month in interest, which is distributed

entirely to Carter.

       Contending that the trust income failed to meet her maintenance and medical care

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needs, Carter filed suit on September 27, 2004, seeking a further modification or

termination of the trust. Specifically, Carter sought a declaration permitting Frost National

Bank (“Frost”), which succeeded Citizens as trustee, to pay Carter up to the $3,000

maximum amount out of the trust principal as well as the trust income. Carter named Frost

and her four children, William M. Tosheff, II, Michelle L. Emura, Stephen D. Tosheff, and

George A. Tosheff (collectively “the Tosheffs”) as defendants in the suit. The Tosheffs,

who stand to inherit the trust principal upon Swantner’s death as remainder beneficiaries,

opposed allowing their mother to receive funds out of the trust principal.

        In her first amended petition filed on January 5, 2005, Carter specified the grounds

on which she based her request for modification, stating: “The beneficiary’s [Carter’s]

circumstances was [sic] not, and could not have been anticipated when the trust was

created, and her current medical and psychological needs substantially impair the

accomplishment of the purposes of the trust.” See id. § 112.054(a)(1), (2). After a bench

trial, the trial court rendered judgment on June 15, 2006, denying Carter’s petition and

reaffirming the modification made by the court in 1981.

        Carter filed a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law on June 19, 2006.

On July 11, 2006, Carter filed a notice of past due findings of fact and conclusions of law,

and a motion for new trial alleging that the court’s judgment failed to follow the evidence
and wrongly applied the law, and requesting that the trial court “make the correct legal and

moral judgment.” The trial court filed findings of fact and conclusions of law on July 12,

2006.    Carter then filed a request for additional or amended findings of fact and

conclusions of law, and on August 15, 2006, the trial court provided amended findings of

fact and conclusions of law. Dissatisfied with the trial court’s response, Carter filed a

second request for additional or amended findings of fact and conclusions of law on August

16, 2006. The trial court denied the request. This appeal ensued.

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                                        II. DISCUSSION

A.     Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law

       By her first issue, Carter alleges that the trial court abused its discretion by failing

to make necessary findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding the testator’s intent

and the actual dollar amount required for Carter’s current monthly maintenance, medical

care, and hospitalization. Carter further claims that because the trial court declined to

make these additional requested findings and conclusions, she has been prevented from

properly presenting her case to this Court.

       “In any case tried in the district or county court without a jury, any party may request

the court to state in writing its findings of fact and conclusions of law.” TEX . R. CIV. P. 296.

If a party deems the court’s findings and conclusions deficient in some respect, he may

request specified additional or amended findings or conclusions. TEX . R. CIV. P. 298. The

trial court need only enter findings, or additional findings, on ultimate or controlling issues,

rather than on mere evidentiary issues. Flanary v. Mills, 150 S.W.3d 785, 793 (Tex.

App.–Austin 2004, pet denied) (citing Lifshutz v. Lifshutz, 61 S.W.3d 511, 515 (Tex.

App.–San Antonio 2001, pet. denied)).

       An ultimate fact issue is one that is essential to the cause of action and would have

a direct effect on the judgment. Id. (citing Clear Lake City Water Auth. v. Winograd, 695
S.W.2d 632, 639 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 1985, writ ref’d n.r.e.)). An evidentiary

issue is one the trial court may consider in deciding the controlling issue, but is not a

controlling issue itself. Id. at 793-94. When a party makes a proper and timely request for

findings under rule 296 and the trial court fails to comply, harm to the complaining party is

presumed unless the contrary appears on the face of the record. Tenery v. Tenery, 932
S.W.2d 29, 30 (Tex. 1996). Moreover, harm will be found if an error prevents an appellant

from properly presenting its case to the appellate court. Id.; see TEX . R. APP. P. 44.1(a)(2).

       Carter contends that her father’s original intent and the actual dollar amount

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required for her maintenance are “ultimate or controlling issues” and, therefore, that the

trial court’s failure to make additional findings and conclusions was error. We disagree.

The only issue before the trial court was whether to modify or terminate the trust pursuant

to section 112.054(a) of the property code, which provides in relevant part as follows:

         (a) On the petition of a trustee or a beneficiary, a court may order that the
         trustee be changed, that the terms of the trust be modified, that the trustee
         be directed or permitted to do acts that are not authorized or that are
         forbidden by the terms of the trust, that the trustee be prohibited from
         performing acts required by the terms of the trust, or that the trust be
         terminated in whole or in part, if:

         (1)      the purposes of the trust have been fulfilled or have become illegal or
                  impossible to fulfill; [or]

         (2)      because of circumstances not known to or anticipated by the settlor,
                  the order will further the purposes of the trust . . .

TEX . PROP. CODE ANN . § 112.054(a). Moreover, section 112.054(b) provides that, although

“[t]he court shall exercise its discretion to order a modification or termination under

Subsection (a) in the manner that conforms as nearly as possible to the probable intention

of the settlor,” the court “is not precluded from exercising its discretion to modify or

terminate solely because the trust is a spendthrift trust.” Id. § 112.054(b).1

         Therefore, while the “probable intention of the settlor” is an important consideration

in determining whether to modify or terminate a trust, it is not necessary or controlling to

the disposition of the case. Rather, the only findings “essential to the cause of action” were
those pertaining to the conditions outlined in sections 112.054(a)(1) and (2) of the property

code; that is, whether “the purposes of the trust have been fulfilled or have become illegal

         1
          Section 112.035 of the Texas Property Code, entitled “Spendthrift Trusts,” provides in relevant part
the following:

         (a) A settlor m ay provide in the term s of the trust that the interest of a beneficiary in the
         incom e or in the principal or in both m ay not be voluntarily or involuntarily transferred before
         paym ent or delivery of the interest to the beneficiary by the trustee.

         (b) A declaration in a trust instrum ent that the interest of a beneficiary shall be held subject
         to a “spendthrift trust” is sufficient to restrain voluntary or involuntary alienation of the interest
         by a beneficiary to the m axim um extent perm itted by this subtitle.

T EX . P R O P . C OD E A N N . § 112.035(a), (b) (Vernon Supp. 2007).

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or impossible to fulfill” or whether “because of circumstances not known to or anticipated

by the settlor, the order will further the purposes of the trust.” See id. § 112.054(a)(1), (2).

The trial court specifically stated in its amended findings of fact that “[t]he purposes of the

Trust are being fulfilled and have not become illegal or impossible to fulfill” and that “[t]here

are no circumstances not known to or anticipated by George Robert Swantner, relating to

his daughter, Plaintiff Mary Louise Swantner-Carter.”

       We conclude that the trial court’s specific findings and conclusions with respect to

Swantner’s original intent and the exact dollar amount necessary for Carter’s maintenance

were not “essential to the cause of action” and would not have had a “direct effect on the
judgment”; therefore, they were not “ultimate or controlling” issues. See Flanary, 150
S.W.3d at 793. Accordingly, the decision of the trial court not to issue findings of fact or

conclusions of law with respect to those issues was not error. See id. We overrule

Carter’s first issue.

B.     Modification and Termination of the Trust

       By her second issue, Carter claims that the trial court erred in denying her petition

to modify or terminate the trust. By her third issue, Carter asserts that the evidence was

legally insufficient to support the trial court’s findings of fact numbers five and six2 and

conclusions of law numbers one and two.3 She specifically contends that “overwhelming
       2
           The trial court’s am ended findings of fact num bers five and six stated as follows:

       (5)        There are no circum stances not known to or anticipated by George Robert
                  Swantner, relating to his daughter, Plaintiff Mary Louise Swantner-Carter.

       (6)        The purposes of the Trust are being fulfilled and have not becom e illegal or
                  im possible to fulfill.
       3
           The trial court’s am ended conclusions of law numbers one and two stated as follows:

       (1)        Modification of the Trust created under the Last W ill of George Robert Swantner, for
                  his daughter Mary Louise Swantner-Carter, and his grandchildren, Stephen Tosheff,
                  Michelle L. Em ura (form erly Michelle L. Tosheff), W illiam M. Tosheff, II, and George
                  Alexander Tosheff, beyond that authorized by this Court’s Judgm ent of Decem ber
                  17, 1981, is not justified under Section 112.054, Texas Property Code or otherwise,
                  and is therefore denied.

       (2)        No paym ents to or for the benefit of Plaintiff Mary Louise Swantner-Carter are
                  authorized beyond the Trust incom e up to the m axim um am ount per m onth as set
                  out in the Judgm ent of Decem ber 17, 1981.
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evidence shows that the Trust’s purposes are not being fulfilled, that the trust’s purposes

have become impossible to fulfill, and that circumstances exist today which were not

known or anticipated by the testator.”

       We review a trial court’s determination regarding modification or termination of a

trust for abuse of discretion. See TEX . PROP . CODE ANN . §§ 112.054(a) (stating that “a

court may order that the terms of the trust be modified . . .”), 112.054(b) (stating that “the

court shall exercise its discretion to order a modification or termination under Subsection

(a) . . .”). A trial court abuses its discretion if it acts in an arbitrary or unreasonable manner,

or without reference to any guiding rules or principles. Downer v. Aquamarine Operators,
Inc., 701 S.W.2d 328, 241-42 (Tex. 1985). Under this standard, we may not substitute our

own judgment for the trial court’s judgment. See Bowie Mem’l Hosp. v. Wright, 79 S.W.3d
48, 52 (Tex. 2002). Moreover, under an abuse of discretion standard, legal insufficiency

of the evidence is not an independent reversible ground of error but is a relevant factor in

assessing whether the trial court abused its discretion. See Beaumont Bank, N.A. v.

Buller, 806 S.W.2d 223, 226 (Tex. 1991); see also Weingarten Realty Investors v. Harris

County Appraisal Dist., 93 S.W.3d 280, 283 (Tex. App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.)

(op. on reh’g); In re T.D.C., 91 S.W.3d 865, 872 (Tex. App.–Fort Worth 2002, pet. denied).

We therefore consider Carter’s second and third issues, challenging the discretion of the

trial court and the sufficiency of the evidence respectively, together.

       As noted above, sections 112.054(a)(1) and (2) of the property code permit a court

to modify or terminate a trust if “the purposes of the trust have been fulfilled or have

become illegal or impossible to fulfill” or if “because of circumstances not known to or

anticipated by the settlor, the order will further the purposes of the trust.” See TEX . PROP.

CODE ANN . § 112.054(a)(1), (2). Swantner alleged that her physical and mental disabilities

were not known by her father at the time he formulated his will. She further contended that

the purpose of the trust was to provide for her health and maintenance, and that this

purpose would be impossible to fulfill if the trustee was limited to making distributions to
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her out of the net income of the trust.

       Carter bore the burden of proof as the petitioner in the trial court seeking judicial

modification or termination of the trust. See id. When a party attacks the legal sufficiency

of an adverse finding on an issue on which she has the burden of proof, she must

demonstrate on appeal that the evidence establishes, as a matter of law, all vital facts in

support of the issue. Dow Chem. Co. v. Francis, 46 S.W.3d 237, 241 (Tex. 2001) (citing

Sterner v. Marathon Oil Co., 767 S.W.2d 686, 690 (Tex. 1989); W. Wendell Hall,

Standards of Review in Texas, 29 ST . MARY’S L.J. 351, 481-82 (1998)). In reviewing a such

a challenge, we must first examine the record for evidence that supports the finding, while
ignoring all evidence to the contrary. Id. If there is no evidence to support the finding, we

will then examine the entire record to determine if the contrary proposition is established

as a matter of law. Id. The issue should be sustained only if the contrary proposition is

conclusively established. Id. (citing Croucher v. Croucher, 660 S.W.2d 55, 58 (Tex. 1983)).

       Here, there was ample evidence supporting the trial court’s findings.           John

Swantner, Carter’s brother, testified that their father knew Carter well and was concerned

about her well-being. George Tosheff testified that Carter has had psychological problems

for most of her adult life, including schizophrenia and depression, as well as a history of

dependence on prescription drugs. The evidence supported the conclusion that there were

no circumstances not known or anticipated by Swantner relating to Carter, and that the

purposes of the trust are presently being fulfilled.

       In construing the provisions of a trust, the settlor’s intent is to be ascertained by

looking to the provisions of the instrument as a whole, as set forth within the four corners

of the instrument. Perfect Union Lodge No. 10 v. Interfirst Bank of San Antonio, 748
S.W.2d 218, 220 (Tex. 1988) (citing Stewart v. Selder, 473 S.W.2d 3, 7 (Tex. 1971);

Sellers v. Powers, 426 S.W.2d 533, 536 (Tex. 1968)). Here, the original trust document

provided for a spendthrift trust and required the trustee to distribute $600 per month from

the trust principal to Carter, without regard to how the funds would be used. The 1981
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judicial modification increased the maximum amount that could be distributed to Carter to

$3,000 per month and mandated that those funds be distributed from the net income of the

trust rather than the trust principal. The 1981 judgment also stated that the funds were to

be provided for Carter’s “maintenance, support, medical care and hospitalization” and that

the original spendthrift provisions of the trust were still applicable. Carter urges us to find

that the 1981 judgment thereby created in her an entitlement to receive funds from the trust

sufficient to compensate her for her medical needs, no matter how much the cost. We

decline to do so. A court must not redraft the trust document or add provisions under the

guise of construction in order to effectuate some presumed intent of the settlor. See id.

(citing Shriner’s Hosp. for Crippled Children v. Stahl, 610 S.W.2d 147, 151 (Tex. 1980);

Huffman v. Huffman, 161 Tex. 267, 273, 339 S.W.2d 885, 888 (1960)).

         We find that there was legally sufficient evidence supporting the trial court’s findings

of fact and conclusions of law. See Dow Chem. Co., 46 S.W.3d at 241. Moreover, we

conclude that the trial court did not act arbitrarily or unreasonably or without reference to

guiding rules and principles in declining to modify or terminate the trust. Accordingly, the

trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Carter’s requested relief. See Downer,
701 S.W.2d at 241-42. Carter’s second and third issues are overruled.

                                        III. CONCLUSION

         Having overruled Carter’s three issues on appeal, we affirm the judgment of the trial

court.

                                                    _________________________
                                                    DORI CONTRERAS GARZA,
                                                    Justice

Memorandum Opinion delivered and
filed this the 7th day of August, 2008.

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