Court Opinion

ID: 7805100
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-31 13:07:52.285449+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:29:56.517991
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. O'Neal, 2022-Ohio-3017.]

                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                 FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
                      HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO

 STATE OF OHIO,                              :   APPEAL NO. C-190736
                                                 TRIAL NO. B-1903562
         Plaintiff-Appellant,                :

   VS.                                       :      O P I N I O N.

 WILLIAM O’NEAL,                             :

       Defendant-Appellee.                   :

Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas

Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded

Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: August 31, 2022

Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Paula E. Adams,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellant,

Raymond T. Faller, Hamilton County Public Defender, and Krista Gieske, Assistant
Public Defender, for Defendant-Appellee.
                   OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

WINKLER, Judge.

       {¶1}   The state of Ohio brings this appeal that challenges the trial court’s

judgment declaring the indefinite sentencing provisions of the Reagan Tokes Law,

enacted through 2018 Am.Sub.S.B. 201 (“S.B. 201”), to be unconstitutional, and

sentencing defendant-appellee William O’Neal under the pre-S.B. 201 sentencing law

instead of S.B. 201 for a qualifying second-degree-felony offense. Because the Reagan

Tokes Law is not unconstitutional, we reverse the challenged portion of O’Neal’s

sentence and remand the matter for resentencing consistent with this opinion.

                       I. Facts and Procedural History

       {¶2}   The Reagan Tokes Law, as defined under R.C. 2901.011, departs from

the existing definite sentencing scheme and provides an indefinite sentencing scheme

for non-life-sentence felony offenses of the first or second degree committed on or

after March 22, 2019. In November 2019, O’Neal pled guilty to one count of felonious

assault with a three-year-firearm specification and one count of having weapons under

a disability. Because these offenses occurred on or about June 24, 2019, and the

felonious-assault offense was a second-degree felony, O’Neal was subject to the newly

enacted indefinite sentencing provisions under the Reagan Tokes Law for that offense.

       {¶3}   The trial court sua sponte determined that the indefinite sentencing

provisions of the Reagan Tokes Law violated the constitutional safeguards of

separation of powers and procedural due process. Later, the trial court sentenced

O’Neal to an aggregate prison term of five years that included a definite two-year

prison term for the felonious-assault offense.

       {¶4}   The state now appeals pursuant to R.C. 2953.08(B)(2), which

authorizes an appeal of a felony sentence on the ground that it is contrary to law. In

                                          2
                      OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

two assignments of error argued together, the state contends the trial court

erroneously found the Reagan Tokes Law unconstitutional and that the definite

sentence imposed for the felonious-assault offense is contrary to law.

          {¶5}   O’Neal agrees with the trial court’s conclusion that the Reagan Tokes

Law is unconstitutional on its face. He argues the Reagan Tokes Law violates the

separation-of-powers doctrine, fails to afford sufficient procedural due process to

offenders, and additionally, violates substantive-due-process and equal-protection

guarantees under the United States and Ohio Constitutions. He urges this court to

affirm.
                                      II. Analysis

          {¶6}   This court recently considered the constitutionality of the Reagan Tokes

Law upon a facial challenge to the indefinite sentencing provisions. See State v.

Guyton, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-190657, 2022-Ohio-2962.              Noting the strong

presumption of constitutionality afforded legislation, we determined that Guyton

failed to demonstrate that the indefinite sentencing scheme embodied in the Reagan

Tokes Law was on its face unconstitutional beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. at ¶ 18-19

and 69.

          {¶7}   Specifically, we held that the law does not violate the separation-of-

powers doctrine, because the judiciary imposes the sentence that is enforced by the

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections (“ODRC”), an executive branch

agency, using a presumptive release date. Id. at ¶ 27-28. Moreover, the law does not

violate substantive-due-process rights or the right to equal protection under the law,

because the indefinite sentencing scheme, creating a presumptive release date that

affects only those convicted of non-life-sentence felony offenses of the first and second

                                             3
                    OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

degree, is rationally related to the state’s goal in reducing recidivism for serious

offenders by incentivizing good conduct in prison as observed by those overseeing the

prisons. Id. at ¶ 37 and 68. Finally, we concluded that where the statute directing

ODRC action that affects the deprivation of an offender’s liberty interest does not

preclude notice to an offender, and specifically contemplates a hearing, it must be read

as one with the constitutional requirements of procedural due process. Id. at ¶ 51 and

57. Therefore, a set of circumstances exists under which the challenged statute satisfies

the guarantee of procedural due process. Id. at ¶ 57.

       {¶8}   In sum, this court has upheld the constitutionality of the indefinite

sentencing provisions that the trial court determined were facially unconstitutional.

The trial court should have sentenced O’Neal under the Reagan Tokes Law’s indefinite

sentencing provisions, and the court’s failure to do so renders O’Neal’s sentence for

the felonious-assault offense contrary to law.

                                   III. Conclusion

       {¶9}   The definite sentence imposed by the trial court for the felonious-

assault offense is contrary to law. Pursuant to Guyton, we sustain the state’s two

assignments of error. Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand

for resentencing on the felonious-assault offense.

                                               Judgment reversed and cause remanded.

MYERS, P.J., concurs.
BERGERON, J., concurs separately.

Bergeron, J., concurring separately.

       {¶10} For the reasons explained in my partial dissent in Guyton, 1st Dist.

Hamilton No. C-190657, 2022-Ohio-2962, I believe that the Reagan Tokes Law

                                           4
                   OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

violates procedural due process. However, I believe that Guyton should be followed as

precedent from this district unless and until the Supreme Court of Ohio tells us

otherwise. Therefore, I concur in this opinion and do not intend to write separately in

future Reagan Tokes Law cases.

Please note:

       The court has recorded its entry on the date of the release of this opinion.

                                           5