Court Opinion

ID: 9682546
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-24 08:13:09.640573+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:17:40.027606
License: Public Domain

John I. Purtle, Justice, dissenting. I strongly disagree with the majority opinion. I believe it necessary to overrule our prior cases holding that ineffective assistance of counsel cannot be raised on direct appeal. Article 2 § 10 of the Constitution of Arkansas and Amendment 6 to the Constitution of the United States provide that an accused shall have the right to counsel. In cases too numerous to mention, both state and federal, we have held that these provisions mean effective assistance of counsel. If an accused is denied effective assistance of counsel, he has been denied a constitutional right. He is therefore entitled to a remedy on direct appeal just the same as if he were denied counsel entirely. There is no question but that a direct appeal should be a proper method of challenging a right to counsel at the trial court level when ineffectiveness of counsel is obvious in time to include it on direct appeal. The holding in the majority opinion is to the effect that though a person may have been denied constitutional rights, they must suffer imprisonment before such miscarriage of justice can be corrected. A.R.Cr.P. Rule 37 was adopted specifically to allow persons in custody whose cases had not been appealed to the Arkansas Supreme Court to move that their sentence be vacated or corrected. So far as I am able to determine, there is nothing in any Arkansas statute or rule which would prevent a person from seeking relief from ineffective assistance of counsel on direct appeal. It is by case law only that we have held that such could not be done. In the great majority of criminal cases such relief would not be asked for on direct appeal simply because the appellant would not realize he had received ineffective assistance of counsel. It is logical and reasonable that in rare circumstances an appellant could argue ineffective assistance of counsel on direct appeal. To prohibit such argument would, as appellant rightfully contends, force a person to serve time before being able to argue ineffective assistance of counsel. This is unjust and contrary to the principles of criminal justice. There might be cases in which the attorney was absolutely and obviously ineffective resulting in the conviction of an innocent defendant. To require a person to be incarcerated under such circumstances would be nothing short of false imprisonment. No person should be required to serve time in prison because he was denied effective assistance of counsel. In Blackmon v. State, 274 Ark. 202, 623 S.W.2d 184 (1981), we stated: We have held that there is a presumption of effective assistance of counsel and that the appellant must overcome this presumption and show he was prejudiced by the conduct of his counsel. We now hold that in addition to showing prejudice the appellant must show by clear and convincing evidence that the prejudice resulting from the representation of trial counsel was such that he did not receive a fair trial. If counsel were so ineffective as to deny the appellant a fair trial, it is patently unjust to require him to serve time in prison before he can bring this to the attention of the trial court or this court. The maj ority opinion would deny the appellant a right to a hearing in this court on ineffective assistance of counsel even if the matter had been presented to the trial court in the form of a motion for a new trial. It seems to me that at the very least this court should hold that if the alleged ineffective assistance of counsel were presented to the lower court in the form of a motion for a new trial, it could be reviewed in this court on direct appeal. I do not express an opinion as to whether counsel in the present case was effective or not; that is not the issue here. The point I make is that we are, in effect, denying justice when we refuse to allow an appellant to present such a matter on direct appeal. The cases will be few and far between where such a matter can be presented on direct appeal but in those few cases I think it should be allowed. I would not allow a petitioner in such a rare instance to have two opportunities to challenge the effectiveness of counsel. I would instead limit him to questions passed upon on direct appeal, Neal v. State, 270 Ark. 442, 605 S.W.2d 421 (1980); including a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. To do anything less would be to render impotent the provisions of two constitutions and the sacred rights given the people thereunder. I would consider the matter and decide it on the merits of the arguments presented.