Court Opinion

ID: 9960912
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-17 16:03:51.767901+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:20:02.495860
License: Public Domain

Third District Court of Appeal
                                State of Florida

                          Opinion filed April 17, 2024.
        Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                             ________________

                               No. 3D23-600
                        Lower Tribunal No. 19-27480
                           ________________

                        Jeffrey Grossfeld, et al.,
                                  Appellants,

                                      vs.

           Security National Mortgage Company, et al.,
                                  Appellees.

    An Appeal from a non-final order from the Circuit Court for Miami-
Dade County, Pedro P. Echarte, Jr., Judge.

      Michael S. Spoliansky (Fort Lauderdale), for appellants.
      Duane Morris LLP and Danielle Rundlett Burns (Boca Raton),
for   appellee TD Bank, N.A.

Before FERNANDEZ, GORDO and LOBREE, JJ.

      FERNANDEZ, J.
      Jeffrey and Patricia Grossfeld appeal the trial court’s order granting

TD Bank, N.A.’s motion for surplus funds after a foreclosure sale. We affirm

the order finding that TD Bank’s lien took priority over the rights of

the Grossfelds.

      The underlying case concerns a foreclosure action, in which Security

National Mortgage Company (“Security National”) sought to foreclose its lien

against Jeffrey and Patricia Grossfeld. The real property encumbered by the

lien was owned by the Grossfelds, a married couple, as tenants by the

entirety. The property was not homestead property. TD Bank filed an answer

confirming its subordinate lien position to Security National but asserting its

priority status over all other defendants in the action including that of the

Grossfelds.

      Jeffrey Grossfeld executed a note and mortgage with TD Bank,

which purported to encumber the same real property owned by the

Grossfelds as tenants by the entirety. Patricia Grossfeld never signed

the TD Bank mortgage, never consented to the mortgage, and the

Grossfelds remain married.

      A judicial default was entered against the Grossfelds on March 21,

2020, and Final Judgment was entered in Security National’s favor on

November 10, 2021, in the amount of $332,776.32. The subject property was

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sold on January 3, 2022 to Keep the Dream Alive, Inc., for the amount of

$446,200.00. 1

      A certificate of title was issued in favor of the third-party purchaser on

May 25, 2022, and a certificate of disbursements reflecting a surplus of

$111,292.54 remaining. TD Bank filed a motion for surplus funds on June 27,

2022, asking the trial court to disburse $62,841.12. The Grossfelds filed their

response in opposition and objected to any disbursement to TD Bank on the

basis that the subject property was owned by the marital unit, as tenants by

the entirety, and TD Bank’s mortgage was never signed by or consented to

by Patricia Grossfeld. After a hearing, the trial court entered an order on

September 27, 2022, granting TD Bank’s motion for surplus funds finding

that TD Bank’s lien took priority over the rights of the Grossfelds. The

Grossfelds filed a motion for rehearing and/or reconsideration. The trial court

denied the motion on March 27, 2023, finding that TD Bank was entitled to

priority status in the surplus distribution. The Grossfelds appealed.

1
 The Grossfelds filed an objection to sale on January 5, 2022. Third party
purchasers, Keep the Dream Alive, Inc., obtained relief from stay, and the
motion to vacate the sale was denied by the trial court on May 19, 2022. On
appeal, this Court upheld the order denying the motion to vacate on March
15, 2023.

                                       3
     “Because the issue before this court is purely a question of law, our

review is de novo.” Pineda v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 143 So. 3d 1008, 1010

(Fla. 3d DCA 2014).

     The Florida Supreme Court in Beal Bank, SSB v. Almand & Associates,

780 So. 2d 45 (Fla. 2001), stated generally:

     [W]hen property is held as a tenancy by the entireties, only the
     creditors of both the husband and wife, jointly, may attach the
     tenancy by the entireties property; the property is not divisible on
     behalf of one spouse alone, and therefore it cannot be reached
     to satisfy the obligation of only one spouse.

Id. at 53. However, this Court in Hillman v. McCutchen, 166 So. 2d 611 (Fla.

3d DCA 1964), held:

     [A] mortgage on an estate by the entirety executed by only one
     of the owners is ineffective as a mortgage of an interest in the
     property so long as the estate by the entirety exists, but this
     does not mean that the warranty contained in the mortgage was
     ineffective as a contract between the parties. This warranty is
     effective as an expression of an intention to create a lien on the
     mortgagor's interest for the debt. The ineffectiveness of the
     mortgage at its inception does not affect the fact that an
     equity arises in the mortgagee who accepts the ineffective
     security.

Id. at 613 (emphasis added). 2

2
  See Pitts v. Pastore, 561 So. 2d 297, 301 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990) (explaining
that though the Florida Supreme Court in Sharp v. Hamilton, 520 So. 2d 9
(Fla. 1988), disapproved of a portion of Hillman, it “did not disapprove that
portion of Hillman which held that a mortgage of jointly owned property is not
void when it is signed only by the husband.”).

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       Based on this Court’s holding in Hillman, TD Bank’s note and mortgage

signed by only the husband was not void from its inception but voidable.

When signed, the security was ineffective due to the status of the property

held as a tenancy by entirety. However, once the property was sold in the

foreclosure sale, encumbered by Security National’s note and mortgage

signed by both spouses, the property was severed from the unities required

for the property to retain its tenancy by entirety protections, and it is

undisputed that the property was not held as homestead property. The

warranty contained in TD Bank’s mortgage was “effective as an expression

of an intention to create a lien on the mortgagor’s interest for the debt.” Id.;

see also Pitts, 561 So. 2d at 301-02 (“Just as a mortgage of jointly owned

property can attach as a mortgage lien of after-acquired property when the

mortgagor receives sole title, this mortgage lien attached when the property's

homestead status came to an end.”). On this basis, the trial court did not err

in granting TD Bank’s motion to obtain the surplus amount. Gen. Bank, F.S.B.

v. Westbrooke Pointe, Inc., 548 So. 2d 736, 736 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989) (“[A]ny

surplus remaining after a foreclosure sale should be paid to the junior

lienholders in accordance with the priority of their liens on the property . . .

.”).

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      Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s order granting TD Bank’s motion

for surplus funds finding that TD Bank’s lien took priority over the rights of

the Grossfelds.

      Affirmed.

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