Court Opinion

ID: 4587210
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-17 21:01:53.9873+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:49:35.890864
License: Public Domain

In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                   OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                       (Filed: October 29, 2020)

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
L.M. a minor by and through her *
parent and guardian,            *
CHAD MCCLELLAN,                 *                                UNPUBLISHED
                                *                                No. 14-714V
             Petitioner,        *
                                *                                Special Master Dorsey
v.                              *
                                *                                Attorneys’ Fees and Costs
                                *
SECRETARY OF HEALTH             *
AND HUMAN SERVICES,             *
                                *
             Respondent.        *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

David C. Richards, Christensen & Jensen, P.C., Salt Lake City, UT, for petitioner.
Ryan D. Pyles, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for respondent.

                         DECISION ON ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1

       On August 7, 2014, Chad McClellan (“petitioner”) filed a petition for compensation
under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42 U.S.C. §300aa-10, et seq.,2
(“Vaccine Act”) on behalf of his minor child, L.M. Petitioner initially alleged that L.M.’s seizure
disorder was caused or significantly aggravated by the pneumococcal (Prevnar) vaccine
administered on December 30, 2011. Petition at 2. L.M.’s family subsequently learned that she
1
  This Decision will be posted on the website of the United States Court of Federal Claims' website, in accordance
with the E-Government Act of 2002. 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012). This means the Decision will be available to
anyone with access to the internet. As provided by 44 U.S.C. § 300aa-12(d)(4)B), however, the parties may object
to the published Decision’s inclusion of certain kinds of confidential information. Specifically, Under Vaccine Rule
18(b), each party has 14 days within which to request redaction “of any information furnished by that party: (1) that
is a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes medical
filed or similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine
Rule 18(b). Otherwise the whole decision will be available to the public in its current form. Id.

2
  The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program is set forth in Part 2 of the National Childhood Vaccine
Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755, codified as amended, 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-1 to -34 (2012)
(“Vaccine Act” or “the Act). All citations in this decision to individual sections of the Vaccine Act are to 42 U.S.C.
§§ 300aa.
has a rare genetic condition: a mutation in the SCN8A gene. Petitioner therefore moved forward
with a revised claim, asserting that the vaccine significantly aggravated L.M.’s epileptic
encephalopathy/seizure disorder. An entitlement hearing was held on September 10-12, 2018. On
July 23, 2019, the previously assigned special master issued his decision denying compensation.
(ECF No. 91).3

        On February 18, 2020, petitioner filed an application for attorneys’ fees and costs.
Motion for Attorney Fees and Costs (ECF No. 97). Petitioner requests compensation in the
amount of $380,851.19, representing $249,627.10 in attorneys’ fees and $131,224.09 in costs.
Fees App. at 2-3.4 Pursuant to General Order No. 9, petitioner warrants that he has not personally
incurred any costs in pursuit of her claim for compensation. Id. at 4. Respondent filed his
response on February 20, 2020, indicating that he “is satisfied the statutory requirements for an
award of attorneys’ fees and costs are met in this case.” Response at 2 (ECF No. 98). Petitioner
did not file a reply thereafter. The matter is now ripe for disposition.

       For the reasons discussed below, the undersigned GRANTS petitioner’s motion and
awards a total of $345,236.69.

                I.       Discussion

        Under the Vaccine Act, the special master shall award reasonable attorneys’ fees and
costs for any petition that results in an award of compensation. 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-15(e)(1).
When compensation is not awarded, the special master “may” award reasonable attorneys’ fees
and costs “if the special master or court determines that the petition was brought in good faith
and there was a reasonable basis for the claim for which the petition was brought.” Id. at
§15(e)(1). Here, although the petition was eventually dismissed, the undersigned does not
doubt the petition was brought in good faith, and the case had a reasonable basis to proceed for
as long as it did. Respondent also has not challenged the good faith or reasonable basis of the
petition. Accordingly, petitioner is entitled to a final award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and
costs

                             a. Reasonable Attorneys’ Fees

         The Federal Circuit has approved use of the lodestar approach to determine reasonable
attorney’s fees and costs under the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 515
F.3d 1343, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2008). Using the lodestar approach, a court first determines “an
initial estimate of a reasonable attorney’s fee by ‘multiplying the number of hours reasonably
expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly rate.’” Id. at 1347-58 (quoting Blum v.
Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). Then, the court may make an upward or downward
departure from the initial calculation of the fee award based on other specific findings. Id. at
1348.

3
    On October 8, 2019, this case was reassigned to the undersigned for resolution of final attorneys’ fees and costs.
4
    Petitioner was previously awarded interim attorneys’ fees in the amount of $225,280.67 on September 29, 2017.
                                                             2
        Counsel must submit fee requests that include contemporaneous and specific billing
records indicating the service performed, the number of hours expended on the service, and the
name of the person performing the service. See Savin v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs., 85
Fed. Cl. 313, 316-18 (2008). Counsel should not include in their fee requests hours that are
“excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs.,
3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). It
is “well within the special master’s discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in [her]
experience and judgment, [is] reasonable for the work done.” Id. at 1522. Furthermore, the
special master may reduce a fee request sua sponte, apart from objections raised by respondent
and without providing a petitioner notice and opportunity to respond. See Sabella v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 209 (2009).

        A special master need not engage in a line-by-line analysis of a petitioner’s fee
application when reducing fees. Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 102 Fed. Cl.
719, 729 (2011). Special masters may rely on their experience with the Vaccine Program and its
attorneys to determine the reasonable number of hours expended. Wasson v. Sec’y of Health
and Human Servs., 24 Cl. Ct. 482, 484 (Fed. Cl. Nov. 19, 1991) rev’d on other grounds and aff’d
in relevant part, 988 F.2d 131 (Fed. Cir. 1993). Just as “[t]rial courts routinely use their prior
experience to reduce hourly rates and the number of hours clamed in attorney fee requests …
[v]accine program special masters are also entitled to use their prior experience in reviewing fee
application.” Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1521.

                                   i. Reasonable Hourly Rates

         Petitioner requests the following hourly rates for the work of her counsel: for Mr.
 David Richards, $312.00 per hour for work performed in 2017, $321.00 per hour for work
 performed in 2018, $332.00 per hour for work performed in 2019, and $343.00 per hour for
 work performed in 2020; for Ms. Erika Larsen, $210.00 per hour for work performed in 2018;
 and for Ms. Tanner Lenart, $200.00 per hour for work performed in 2017, $250.00 per hour for
 work performed in 2018, and $270.00 per hour for work performed in 2019. Fees App. at 28.
 These hourly rates require further discussion.

         The hourly rates requested for Mr. Richards for 2017-2019 and for Ms. Lenart for 2017
 are consistent with what they previously have been awarded for their Vaccine Program work.
 See Smith v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 17-302V, 2019 WL 7557790, at *2 (Fed.
 Cl. Spec. Mstr. Dec. 20, 2019). Additionally, Mr. Richards’ requested 2020 hourly rate is
 reasonable. However, the 2018-2019 rates for Ms. Lenart, and the 2018 rate for Ms. Larsen are
 excessive in the undersigned’s experience. The previously assigned special master in this case
 utilized the producer price index for the office of lawyers (“PPI-OL”) as a rate inflator to
 calculate reasonable hourly rates for Mr. Richards. McClellan v. Sec’y of Health & Human
 Servs., No. 14-714V, 2017 WL 5382907 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 29, 2017). Therefore, the
 undersigned shall use the same metric to determine reasonable hourly rates for Ms. Lenart.
 Based upon this metric with her established rate of $200.00 per hour for 2017, the undersigned

                                                 3
    finds reasonable hourly rates to be as follows: $210.00 per hour for 2018 and $220.00 per hour
    for 2019.5

            Ms. Larsen, on the other hand, has no previously established rate for her Vaccine
    Program work. However, given that the undersigned has now established $210.00 per hour as a
    reasonable rate for Ms. Lenart, a reasonable hourly rate for Ms. Larsen would have to be
    lower. Ms. Larsen has been licensed to practice law since 2017, giving her approximately one
    year of experience when she performed work in this matter. Fees App. at 113. By contrast, in
    2018 Ms. Lenart had approximately 7 years of experience. Upon consideration, a reasonable
    hourly rate for Ms. Larsen’s work in 2018 is $155.00 per hour.6

           Application of these rates results in a reduction of $13,705.00.

                                        ii.      Reasonable Hours Expended

        In reducing an award of fees, the goal is to achieve rough justice, and therefore a special
master may take into account their overall sense of a case and may use estimates when reducing
an award. See Florence v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-255V, 2016 WL 6459592, at
*5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 6, 2016) (citing Fox v. Vice, 563 U.S. 826, 838 (2011). It is well
established that an application for fees and costs must sufficiently detail and explain the time
billed so that a special master may determine, from the application and the case file, whether the
amount requested is reasonable. Bell v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 18 Cl. Ct. 751, 760
(1989); Rodriguez, 2009 WL 2568468. Petitioner bears the burden of documenting the fees and
costs claimed. Id. at *8.

        Upon review of the submitted billing records, the undersigned finds that although the
majority of the billing entries appear to be reasonable, the overall amount of time billed is
slightly excessive in the undersigned’s experience. First, the undersigned notes that counsel
appeared to bill their full hourly rates for time spent traveling. Fees App. at 16, 18. In the
Vaccine Program, special masters traditionally have compensated time spent traveling when no
other work was being performed at one-half an attorney’s hourly rate. See Hocraffer v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 99-533V, 2011 WL 3705153, at *24 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 25,
2011); Rodriguez v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 06-559V, 2009 WL 2568468, at *21
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jul. 27, 2009); English v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 01-61V,
2006 WL 3419805, at *12-13 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 9, 2006). In this case, although counsel

5
 A strict application of the PPI-OL inflation rate to Ms. Lenart’s 2017 rate would yield lower hourly rates than what
is being awarded ($206.00 per hour for 2018 and $211.00 per hour for 2019). However, merely applying the PPI-OL
to an established rate does not properly account for the experience gained by that attorney due to an additional year
of practice. In the undersigned’s experience, this is particularly relevant for attorneys with fewer than 10 years of
experience such as Ms. Lenart, where an additional year of experience can yield a significant increase in the quality
of work performed.
6
  The undersigned notes that petitioner has not provided any rationale or evidence supporting the hourly rate
increases for Ms. Lenart or for establishing a reasonable baseline hourly rate for Ms. Larsen beyond their overall
years of legal experience.
                                                          4
warrants that time was spent on casework while delayed at the airport, no such indication is
made that casework was performed while actually traveling. Based upon the billing records, 15.0
hours of Mr. Richards’ time and 12.5 hours of Ms Lenart’s time in 2018 should be compensated
at one half of their typical rate.

        More concerning is the overall amount of time expended on drafting the post-hearing
briefs. Fees App. at 19-23. This can be attributed to the fact that three different attorneys plus
one paralegal all expended significant hours on its preparation. While the undersigned would
expect contributions from Mr. Richards and Ms. Lenart on its drafting (given that they
represented petitioner at the entitlement hearing), the decision to include Ms. Larsen is
questionable, given that she previously had billed no hours on this case and was therefore
presumably unfamiliar with it. The undersigned also notes that due to the inclusion of three
attorneys working on the brief, several lengthy interoffice meetings were held discuss a plan to
draft the brief, which likely would not be necessary if fewer people were working on it.

        Finally, the undersigned notes the general vagueness of many of the entries related to its
preparation - a typical entry from all three attorneys reads “Work on post-hearing brief.” An
application for fees and costs must sufficiently detail and explain the time billed so that a special
master may determine, from the application and the case file, whether the amount requested is
reasonable. Bell v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 18 Cl.Ct. 751, 760 (1989). This is
particularly crucial in situations such as this, were four individuals are all working preparing a
single document – the billing entries make it difficult for the undersigned to determine how
much, if any, time spent was duplicative in some nature. In total, approximately 176.5 hours
were expended on reviewing the entitlement hearing transcripts and preparation of this brief
(exclusive of time spent discussing various issues with petitioner’s medical experts). The time
expended on the post-hearing reply brief is similar in its excess despite the fact that Ms. Larsen
was not involved in its drafting.

        In sum, upon review the undersigned finds that a five percent reduction to the attorneys’
fees is necessary to in light of the aforementioned issues. This results in a reduction of
$11,796.10.7 Petitioner is therefore awarded final attorneys’ fees of $224,126.00.

                             b. Attorneys’ Costs

        Petitioner requests a total of $131,224.09 in attorneys’ costs. This amount is comprised
primarily of expenses related to the entitlement hearing, such as expert witness fees and travel
and lodging costs. Other expenses include legal research fees, medical literature, transcript costs,
and postage. Due to the large amount of work required by experts in this case (the matter
necessitated three experts, Dr. Marcel Kinsbourne, Dr. Richard Boles, and Dr. Vera Byers,
testifying at the entitlement hearing over the course of three days), the large sum of attorneys’
costs requested is not unusual, and upon review, the undersigned finds the requested costs to be
largely reasonable, with only minor reductions necessary.

7
    ($249,627.10 requested - $13,705.00 reduction for hourly rate adjustment) * 0.05 = $11,796.10.
                                                           5
        First, the undersigned notes that Dr. Boles has routinely been awarded $350.00 per hour
for his Vaccine Program work, including by the previously assigned special master when
awarding interim fees in this case. See Svagdis v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-
520V, 2020 WL 3969874, at *6 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jun. 4, 2020); Akers v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., No. 15-597V, 2018 WL 3216243, at *6 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 31, 2018); see
also Dempsey v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No., 2017 WL 6343870, at *9 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Nov. 16, 2017) (the undersigned awarding Dr. Boles $300.00 per hour for his work). While
petitioner notes that Dr. Boles has informed counsel that he routinely charges $500.00 per hour
for his work, petitioner has not cited any authority to show when Dr. Boles has been awarded
such an amount. Fees App. at 2 n.1. Accordingly, the undersigned shall compensate Dr. Boles’
time in this case at $350.00 per hour, resulting in a reduction of $8,925.00.

         Second, petitioner requests compensation of $588.40 as reimbursement for Dr. Boles’
airfare to the entitlement hearing. Fees App. at 30. However, Dr. Boles’ submitted invoice
indicates that he is seeking reimbursement for the same amount. Fees App. at 38. To avoid a
duplicative recovery of this cost, the undersigned shall reduce $588.40 from the final award of
attorneys’ costs.

        Petitioner also seeks reimbursement for two identical charges of $631.80 for the return
airfare of Mr. Richards and Ms. Lenart. Fees App. at 30. However, counsel had previously
booked round-trip airfare for $1,081.40 per attorney, which included return airfare. Although
counsel has not offered any explanation why a second return fare was purchased, the
undersigned can surmise that the third day of the trial ended earlier than anticipated previously
and counsel wished to return to Salt Lake City as soon as possible. While returning a day early
helped mitigate some additional lodging costs, it was more expensive to purchase an entirely
new flight and ultimately unnecessary. The undersigned shall therefore reduce the final award of
costs by $600.00 to approximate the difference between the new airfare and an additional night
of lodging.

       Accordingly, petitioner is awarded final attorneys’ costs of $121,110.69.

           II.    Conclusion

        Based on all of the above, the undersigned finds that it is reasonable compensate
petitioner and her counsel as follows:

 Attorneys’ Fees Requested                                         $249,627.10
 (Total Reduction from Billing Hours)                             - ($25,501.10)
 Total Attorneys’ Fees Awarded                                     $224,126.00

 Attorneys’ Costs Requested                                        $131,224.09
 (Reduction of Costs)                                             - ($10,113.40)
 Total Attorneys’ Costs Awarded                                    $121,110.69

                                                6
    Total Attorneys’ Fees and Costs Awarded                                      $345,236.69

Accordingly, the undersigned awards $345,236.69 in attorneys’ fees and costs, in the form
of a check payable jointly to petitioner and petitioner’s counsel, Mr. David Richards.

       In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of
Court SHALL ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance with this decision.8

         IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                               s/Nora Beth Dorsey
                                                               Nora Beth Dorsey
                                                               Special Master

8
  Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by the parties’ joint filing of notice renouncing
the right to seek review.
                                                          7