Court Opinion

ID: 863604
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-04-27 00:02:36.378737+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:19:49.584939
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
                                     NO. 1999-KA-00411-SCT
KELVIN TURNER
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                             02/15/1999
TRIAL JUDGE:                                  HON. MARCUS GORDON
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                    SCOTT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                       EDMUND J. PHILLIPS, JR.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:                       OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                              BY: SCOTT STUART
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:                            KEN TURNER
NATURE OF THE CASE:                           CRIMINAL - FELONY
DISPOSITION:                                  BRIEFING SCHEDULE REOPENED - 06/07/2001
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

     EN BANC.

     COBB, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

¶1. Kelvin Turner comes before this Court appealing the decision of a Scott County Circuit Court jury
which found him guilty of aggravated assault upon a law enforcement officer. The trial judge sentenced
Turner to serve thirty years without parole as a habitual criminal. Turner timely filed a notice of appeal and
on December 28, 1999, his court- appointed counsel filed a Killingsworth brief(1) with this Court. On
June 13, 2000, Turner filed a pro se supplemental brief. No reply brief or any further response was filed by
Turner's counsel. Turner's pro se brief raises the following issue:

     WHETHER THE EVIDENCE ADDUCED AT TRIAL IS INSUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT
     TURNER'S CONVICTION BECAUSE TURNER NEVER POINTED HIS WEAPON AT
     THE OFFICER, THE OFFICER SUFFERED NO BODILY HARM AND TURNER
     NEVER EVEN ATTEMPTED TO CAUSE THE OFFICER BODILY HARM?

¶2. Because the Killingsworth procedure followed by Turner's counsel did not afford Turner adequate
and effective appellate advocacy, we direct that the briefing schedule should be reopened for additional
briefing consistent with this opinion.

                                                  FACTS

¶3. While on duty as a uniformed patrol officer for the Forest Police Department, Jimmy Dean saw a
pickup truck parked in the driveway of a vacant lot. Dean shined his lights into the truck and saw two males
sitting inside. One of them got out of the truck, began walking toward the patrol car, explaining why he was
parked in the driveway of the vacant lot. The other man, later identified as Kelvin Turner, was asked by
Officer Dean if he would talk to him. Turner then ran because he was a convicted felon and was in
possession of a pistol. As Officer Dean ran in pursuit, Turner stumbled and fell to the ground with his hands
underneath him. When Dean told Turner to put his hands out where he could see them, Turner continued to
hold them beneath his body where Dean could not see them. As Dean attempted to pull Turner's left arm
out from underneath his body, Turner rolled over and put his gun to Dean's forehead. Dean backed off,
Turner pulled the trigger but the gun merely clicked and did not fire.

¶4. Officer Dean called for backup, then pursued Turner, who ran back to where the truck was parked. By
that time a second officer, Thompson, arrived, and Dean and Turner began to struggle again. Officer Dean
subdued Turner with mace, and the officers then arrested him.

¶5. The testimony of the witnesses at trial was in direct conflict regarding whether Turner ever pointed his
pistol at Dean's head and pulled the trigger. Officer Dean testified that he did, but Turner testified that he
threw the gun away during the chase because he did not want to be caught with the gun and also because he
was about to fall and did not want to fall on the gun. Turner denied ever pointing the gun at Dean and
denied ever pulling the trigger. Turner was found guilty by the jury in the Scott County Circuit Court. The
State called only two witnesses, Officer Dean and the Forest police chief. Turner was the only witness for
the defense. The trial judge sentenced Turner to serve thirty (30) years without parole as a habitual criminal
for the crime of aggravated assault upon a law enforcement officer. Taking exception with the proceedings
below, Turner now appeals to this Court.

                                                DISCUSSION

      WHETHER THE EVIDENCE ADDUCED AT TRIAL IS INSUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT
      TURNER'S CONVICTION BECAUSE TURNER NEVER POINTED HIS WEAPON AT
      THE OFFICER, THE OFFICER SUFFERED NO BODILY HARM AND TURNER
      NEVER EVEN ATTEMPTED TO CAUSE THE OFFICER BODILY HARM?

¶6. Turner's court-appointed counsel for appeal believed the appeal to be without merit and followed the
Killingsworth procedure approved by this Court in 1986 for use when counsel believes an appeal to be
frivolous:

      Where counsel regards the appeal without merit and deems it his obligation to so state to the Court,
      the full protection of the rights of the accused requires that he receive a copy of the representation
      counsel has made to the Court and be furnished a reasonable opportunity to file his own comments
      and raise any additional points that he chooses.

Killingsworth v. State, 490 So. 2d 849, 851 (Miss. 1986).

¶7. The legal argument portion of the brief filed by Turner's counsel contained only three sentences, stating
"[t]he record in this case is almost devoid of objection by Appellant overruled and motion by Appellant
denied. Counsel for Appellant regards this appeal without merit." The final sentence was counsel's
certification that he mailed a copy to Turner, and he requested the Court to allow Turner 25 days to file
such comments or raise points as he desired. Turner subsequently filed his pro se Supplemental Brief for
Appellant, stating the single issue set forth above.

¶8. The State has requested this Court find this appeal to be frivolous. In the alternative, the State requested
that if this "Court finds that there are no nonfrivolous issues . . . that the Court specifically so find, and that
also it specifically find that counsel for the defendant properly has notified his client in compliance with
Killingsworth." In the event an issue is determined to be nonfrivolous, the State requested this Court "set
a briefing schedule directing counsel for the defendant to brief said issue or issues, and allow a reasonable
time for the state to respond."

¶9. The Fifth Circuit strongly criticized the Killingsworth procedure recently in Hughes v. Booker, 220
F.3d 346 (5th Cir. 2000). Simeon Hughes was convicted of armed robbery and sentenced to thirty-four
years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections. Id. at 348. Hughes's appointed counsel
filed a Killingsworth brief, and Hughes failed to file a supplemental brief. Id. The Mississippi Court of
Appeals affirmed the conviction and sentence, stating:

      [T]his Court will not assume the burden of briefing any issue which the Appellant, aided by counsel,
      cannot find or claim as error. The brief filed on behalf of Hughes contains neither argument nor
      support authorities. Accordingly, Hughes cannot overcome the presumption of correctness accorded
      to the trial court's judgment.

Id. at 352. Following the affirmance of his conviction by the Mississippi Court of Appeals, Hughes
unsuccessfully filed for post-conviction relief in state court.

¶10. Hughes then filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in federal court under 28 U.S.C. § 2254,
alleging ineffective assistance of counsel. The district court announced that it would grant the petition unless
the State agreed to grant Hughes an out-of-time direct appeal with the assistance of competent counsel. Id.
at 348. The State refused to do so, the district court granted the petition, and the State appealed. Id. The
Fifth Circuit affirmed and found that "the Killingsworth procedure fails to erect sufficient safeguards to
protect a defendant's right to appellate counsel." Id. at 352.

¶11. The Fifth Circuit's analysis of Hughes's claim contained an excellent review of the various procedures
found by the U.S. Supreme Court to safeguard a defendant's right to counsel when the current counsel feels
the appeal is frivolous. See Smith v. Robbins, 528 U.S. 259, 120 S. Ct. 746, 145 L. Ed. 2d 756 (2000);
Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 109 S. Ct. 346, 102 L. Ed. 2d 300 (1988); McCoy v. Ct. of Appeals, 486
U.S. 429, 108 S. Ct. 1895, 100 L. Ed. 2d 440 (1988); Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S. Ct.
1396, 18 L. Ed. 2d 493 (1967). See also People v. Wende, 600 P.2d 1071, 1073 (Cal. 1979). After
considering the merits of the various procedures approved by the United States Supreme Court and the
instructive language of Hughes, this Court today adopts the following procedures to be utilized in situations
heretofore controlled by Killingsworth. The appellate counsel must:

      (1) determine that the defendant is "unlikely to prevail on appeal." Robbins, 528 U.S. at 279, 120
      S.Ct. at 761,

      (2) file a brief indicating "that he scoured the record thoroughly." Hughes, 220 F.3d at 351 n.3, and
      "referring to anything in the record that might arguably support the appeal." Anders, 386 U.S. at 744,
      89 S.Ct. at 1400, and

      (3) advise client of his right to file a pro se supplemental brief. Wende, 600 P.2d at 1073.

At this point, the appellate court shall then make its own independent review of the record, in the manner
followed in all other cases.
¶12. Killingsworth is overruled with regard to the procedure to be followed by counsel who regards his
client's appeal to be without merit.

                                                CONCLUSION

¶13. The Killingsworth procedure did not afford Turner adequate and effective appellate advocacy.
Having adopted a procedure to more effectively safeguard the rights of appellants such as Turner, this
Court directs that the briefing schedule in this appeal be reopened for additional briefing consistent with this
opinion. The Clerk of this Court shall notify the parties of the new briefing schedule. See M.R.A.P. 31.

¶14. BRIEFING SCHEDULE REOPENED.

      BANKS AND McRAE, P. JJ., MILLS AND WALLER, JJ., CONCUR. SMITH, J.,
      CONCURS IN PART AND DISSENTS IN PART WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN
      OPINION JOINED BY PITTMAN, C.J., DIAZ AND EASLEY, JJ.

      SMITH, JUSTICE, CONCURRING IN PART AND DISSENTING IN PART:

¶15. The majority opines that Turner did not receive adequate and effective appellate advocacy due to a
flaw in the Killingsworth procedure. The majority adopts a new procedure that requires appellate counsel
to: (1) determine that the defendant was "unlikely to prevail on appeal," (2) file a brief indicating "that he
scoured the record thoroughly" and include in the brief "anything in the record that might arguably support
the appeal," and (3) advise the client of his right to file a pro se supplemental brief. Finding that Turner's
counsel satisfied even this new heightened procedure, the briefing schedule should not be reopened.

¶16. In the new procedure adopted by this Court, appellate counsel must first determine that the defendant
is "unlikely to prevail on appeal." Smith v. Robbins, 528 U.S. 259, 279, 120 S. Ct. 746, 761, 145 L. Ed.
2d 756 (2000). In the case sub judice, counsel for the appellant found that "this appeal is without merit." In
essence, counsel noted the improbability for success on this appeal which satisfies this requirement.

¶17. Second, counsel must file a brief indicating "that he scoured the record thoroughly," Hughes v.
Booker, 220 F.3d 346, 351 (5th Cir. 2000), and include in the brief "anything in the record that might
arguably support the appeal." Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744-45, 87 S. Ct. 1396, 18 L. Ed. 2d
493 (1967). Again, counsel for Turner stated that "[t]he record in this case is almost devoid of objection . .
.." In my opinion, this satisfies the second requirement. The majority does not require that counsel make a
written statement that he "scoured the record." All that is required is that the brief indicate that counsel
examined the record thoroughly. I believe that this statement indicates that examination. Similarly, the
majority suggests that anything in the record arguably supporting the appeal must be included in the brief.
However, if nothing in the record supports the appeal, nothing is required. It is clear from appellate
counsel's brief that he was of the opinion that the appeal was without merit and nothing in the record
supported such an appeal.

¶18. Third, counsel is required to advise the client of his right to file a pro se supplemental brief. In this case,
counsel stated that he had forwarded a copy of this brief to Turner and asked the Court to allow twenty-
five days for Turner to file comments or raise points that he may desire. Turner did file a supplemental brief
that is now before this Court for review.

¶19. While I agree with the majority's new procedure which conforms with Hughes and Anders, in my
view, the safeguards of the new requirements have been satisfied here, and this Court can decide this case
on the merits without additional briefing. I respectfully concur in part and dissent in part.

     PITTMAN, C.J., DIAZ AND EASLEY, JJ., JOIN THIS OPINION.

1. This brief, so named because it was filed in accord with this Court's ruling in Killingsworth v. State,
490 So. 2d 849, 852 (Miss. 1986), contained no issues and consisted of only three sentences saying, in
essence, this appeal is without merit.