Court Opinion

ID: 3193358
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-04-12 20:13:00.176193+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:57:51.556914
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                               April 12, 2016
                                                        In the Office of the Clerk of Court
                                                      WA State Court of Appeals, Division III

           IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                              DIVISION THREE

STATE OF WASHINGTON,                          )         No. 32607-1-111
                                              )
                     Respondent,              )
                                              )
              v.                              )         UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                              )
KAMMIE J. JENSEN,                             )
                                              )
                     Appellant.               )

       LAWRENCE-BERREY, J. - Kammie Jensen appeals her convictions for second

degree identity theft, second degree possession of stolen property, and third degree theft.

She argues the State's evidence was insufficient to sustain her convictions. In addition,

she argues the trial court erred when it included two prior out-of-state convictions in her

offender score. We conclude that the State presented sufficient evidence to support her

convictions. However, we remand for a new sentencing hearing because the record is

insufficient to determine whether her conduct underlying one of her two Oregon

fraudulent use of a credit card convictions would have violated a comparable Washington

statute.
No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

                                             FACTS

       On November 20, 2013, Lowell Compton purchased some items at a Bi-Mart

store. After he paid for his items, Mr. Compton inadvertently left his wallet on the

checkout counter. Shortly after Mr. Compton left the store, Jeffrey Stevens and his

roommate Ms. Jensen went through the same cashier's lane that Mr. Compton had used.

Mr. Stevens saw the wallet lying on the counter, looked around, and slid the wallet away

from the cashier. Mr. Stevens paid the cashier and picked up Mr. Compton's wallet on

his way out of the store. Mr. Stevens and Ms. Jensen then walked to Mr. Stevens' pickup

truck in the parking lot.

       Once in the pickup truck, Mr. Stevens told Ms. Jensen he took the wallet and put

the wallet on the dash. Mr. Stevens and Ms. Jensen then drove to a local skate park.

While Mr. Stevens and Ms. Jensen sat in the pickup truck at the skate park, Mr. Stevens

took the wallet off the dash and laid its contents on the seat between himself and Ms.

Jensen. The wallet contained $22.00, a driver's license, a debit card, a small piece of

paper with the debit card's personal identification number (PIN) written on it, a health

insurance card, and several other cards. Ms. Jensen watched Mr. Stevens but did not dig

through the wallet or handle its contents.

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No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

       Mr. Stevens and Ms. Jensen drove to Walmart. Before walking into the store, the

two discussed using the debit card Mr. Stevens had found in the wallet to purchase items.

Mr. Stevens and Ms. Jensen then walked into Walmart. In order to see if the debit card

worked, the two went through the register together and purchased soda, a candy bar, a

Frappuccino, bronzer, hair color, and fragrance. Mr. Stevens ran the card as debit,

entered the PIN, and withdrew $60.00 cash back for a total purchase of $135.63. After

this test run of the card the two briefly returned to Mr. Stevens' truck.

       Ms. Jensen left Mr. Stevens' truck and went back into the Walmart. Twenty

minutes later, Mr. Stevens followed. Roughly 90 minutes later, Ms. Jensen went through

the check-out lane. The cashier rang up her items, which totaled $334.16. Ms. Jensen

swiped Mr. Compton's credit card, typed in the PIN, and attempted to get $100.00 cash

back. The register declined the transaction. Ms. Jensen swiped the card again and typed

in the PIN. The register declined the transaction again. Ms. Jensen then ran the card as

credit, and the card worked. Ms. Jensen scribbled on the register's signature pad. Ms.

Jensen then left the Walmart with her items and unloaded her shopping cart into the

pickup truck. Ms. Jensen then took her shopping cart back inside and remained there for

several minutes.

                                              3
No. 32607-1-III
State v. Jensen

       Several minutes later, Mr. Stevens used Mr. Compton's debit card to purchase

$302.51 worth of items at a different register. Mr. Stevens tried to run the card as debit

two times, and the register declined both transactions. Mr. Stevens then ran the card as

credit, and the card worked. Mr. Stevens then left the Walmart, and he and Ms. Jensen

drove away in his pickup truck. They later dumped the debit card in a dumpster in

Pullman, Washington.

       Mr. Compton reported the card stolen and his bank shut the card off. Mr.

Compton also called the police. Detective Brock Germer called Ms. Jensen and asked her

to come to the police department for an interview. During the interview, Ms. Jensen

stated that Mr. Stevens let her use his debit card to purchase items at Walmart because

Mr. Stevens owed her money, and that Mr. Stevens had instructed her to scribble on the

credit card receipt when she paid. Ms. Jensen denied knowing the card was stolen.

       The State charged Ms. Jensen with second degree identity theft, second degree

possession of stolen property, and third degree theft. 1 At trial, Ms. Jensen's defense was

that she did not know the debit card was stolen. Mr. Stevens testified for the State. He

testified that he told Ms. Jensen he had stolen the wallet, that Ms. Jensen watched him go

through the wallet's contents at the skate park, and that the two discussed using the card

       1
           Before trial, Mr. Stevens pleaded guilty to second degree theft, third degree theft,

                                                4
No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

to buy items in Walmart. Mr. Stevens testified that he never owed Ms. Jensen any money

nor did he lend Ms. Jensen his card.

       The jury convicted Ms. Jensen on all three counts. At sentencing, the State argued

that Ms. Jensen's offender score was 6. Ms. Jensen agreed that 4 of the 6 points in her

offender score were appropriate. However, Ms. Jensen asked the trial court not to include

her two prior Oregon convictions for fraudulent use of a credit card under ORS 165.055,

arguing that ORS 165.055 is broader than comparable Washington felonies. The State

presented certified judgments from both of Ms. Jensen's prior fraudulent use of a credit

card convictions, but presented the complaint from only one of those cases. The trial

court agreed with the State's calculation of Ms. Jensen's offender score based on its

review of the certified judgments. The trial court did not conduct a comparability

analysis. The trial court sentenced Ms. Jensen to 20 months' incarceration. This appeal

followed.

                                       ANALYSIS

1.     Whether the State 's evidence was sufficient to support the convictions.

       In a criminal case, the State must provide sufficient evidence to prove each

element of the charged offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S.

and second degree identity theft.

                                             5
No. 32607-1-III
State v. Jensen

307, 316, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979). When a defendant challenges the

sufficiency of the evidence, the proper inquiry is "whether, after viewing the evidence in

the light most favorable to the State, any rational trier of fact could have found guilt

beyond a reasonable doubt." State v. Salinas, 119 Wash. 2d 192, 201, 829 P.2d 1068

(1992). "[A]ll reasonable inferences from the evidence must be drawn in favor of the

State and interpreted most strongly against the defendant." Id. Furthermore, "[a] claim of

insufficiency admits the truth of the State's evidence and all inferences that reasonably

can be drawn therefrom." Id. In a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence,

circumstantial evidence and direct evidence carry equal weight. State v. Goodman, 150
Wash. 2d 774, 781, 83 P.3d 410 (2004).

       A person commits second degree identity theft when that person knowingly

obtains, possesses, transfers, or uses a means of identification or financial information

with the intent to commit or to aid and abet any crime. RCW 9.35.020(1), (3). A person

commits second degree possession of stolen property when that person knowingly

receives, retains, possesses, conceals, or disposes of stolen property knowing that the

property has been stolen. RCW 9A.56.140(1); RCW 9A.56.160. Finally, a person

commits third degree theft when that person wrongfully obtains or exerts unauthorized

                                              6
No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

control over someone else's property, and intends to deprive the other person of his or her

property. RCW 9A.56.020(1)(a); RCW 9A.56.050.

       "Intent" means acting "with the objective or purpose to accomplish a result which

constitutes a crime." RCW 9A.08.010(1)(a). "Intent is rarely provable by direct

evidence, but may be gathered, nevertheless, from all of the circumstances surrounding

the event." State v. Gallo, 20 Wash. App. 717, 729, 582 P.2d 558 (1978). Criminal intent

may be inferred "from conduct that plainly indicates such intent as a matter of logical

probability." State v. Abuan, 161 Wash. App. 135, 155, 257 P.3d 1 (2011). Similarly, a

person acts knowingly when "he or she is aware of a fact, facts, or circumstances or

result" that a criminal statute describes, or "he or she has information which would

lead a reasonable person in the same situation to believe that [those] facts exist."

RCW 9A.08.010(l)(b)(i)-(ii). The State may prove the defendant's guilt through an

accomplice's testimony, and a cautionary instruction is not required when the

accomplice's testimony is corroborated. See State v. Jennings, 35 Wash. App. 216, 221,

666 P.2d 381 (1983).

       Ms. Jensen only contested the mens rea elements of the three charges at trial.

Likewise, on appeal, she only challenges the sufficiency of the State's evidence insofar as

the jury found she acted intentionally or knowingly. In this case, the State presented both

                                              7
No. 32607-1-III
State v. Jensen

direct and circumstantial evidence that Ms. Jensen knew Mr. Compton's credit card was

stolen, that she knowingly possessed it, and that she intended to deprive Mr. Compton of

the funds in his bank account.

       There was direct evidence of Ms. Jensen's guilt. While Ms. Jensen was not aware

that Mr. Stevens took the wallet while the two were in the Bi-Mart, Mr. Stevens testified

that he told her when they got to his truck. Mr. Stevens testified that Ms. Jensen watched

him go through the wallet, and watched him lay its contents on the seat between them in

the truck. Mr. Stevens also testified that he and Ms. Jensen discussed using the card to

purchase items at Walmart before they entered the store. Finally, Mr. Stevens testified he

never told Ms. Jensen it was his credit card, never owed Ms. Jensen any money, and never

authorized Ms. Jensen to use the card to repay a debt. Although Ms. Jensen denied

knowing that the card was stolen in her interview, this court assumes the truth of the

State's evidence on review.

       In addition to direct evidence, the State also introduced circumstantial evidence of

Ms. Jensen's criminal intent, which carries the same weight as direct evidence. 2 Ms.

Jensen told Detective Germer that she assumed the debit card belonged to Mr. Stevens,

      2
        This circumstantial evidence also corroborated Mr. Stevens' accomplice
testimony, which made a cautionary instruction on accomplice testimony unnecessary.
See Jennings, 35 Wash. App. at 221.

                                             8
No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

but Mr. Compton's name was written across the front. Further, Ms. Jensen tried to run

Mr. Compton's card as debit twice and get cash back, but the register declined the card

both times. Rather than asking why the PIN or the cash advance was rejected, Ms. Jensen

ran the card as credit. Then, rather than signing her own name or Mr. Stevens' name, Ms.

Jensen scribbled on the signature pad, directly underneath the name "Lowell Compton."

Ex. P4. Assuming the truth of the State's evidence, and drawing all reasonable inferences

from the evidence in favor of the State, the foregoing evidence was sufficient to prove

that Ms. Jensen knowingly possessed Mr. Compton's debit card, knew that it was stolen,

and intended to deprive Mr. Compton of the funds in his bank account as required by

RCW 9.35.020(3), RCW 9A.56.140(1), and RCW 9A.56.020(l)(a).

2.     Whether the superior court erred by including Ms. Jensen's two Oregon
       convictions for fraudulent use of a credit card in her offender score

       A.     Standard of review and rules of law

       This court reviews a superior court's offender score calculation and the trial

court's classification of an out-of-state conviction de novo. State v. Tili, 148 Wash. 2d 350,

358, 60 P.3d 1192 (2003); State v. Labarbera, 128 Wash. App. 343, 348, 115 P.3d 1038

(2005). When sentencing a criminal defendant, a trial court determines the standard

sentencing range by finding the intersection of the current offense's "seriousness level"

and the defendant's offender score on the sentencing grid. RCW 9.94A.530(1). The

                                             9
No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

offender score measures a defendant's criminal history and is calculated by totaling the

defendant's prior convictions for felonies and certain juvenile offenses. 3 State v. Ford,

137 Wash. 2d 472, 479, 973 P.2d 452 (1999). The existence of a prior conviction is a

question of fact, and the State must prove the existence of these prior convictions by a

preponderance of the evidence. Id. at 479-80; In re Pers. Restraint ofAdolph, 170 Wash. 2d
556, 566, 243 P.3d 540 (2010).

      If the convictions are from another jurisdiction, the State also must prove that the

conviction would be a felony under Washington law. Ford, 137 Wash. 2d at 480. To

determine whether an out-of-state conviction counts, the sentencing court compares the

elements of the out-of-state offense with the elements of potentially comparable

Washington crimes and makes a factual determination as to whether the crimes are

comparable. Id. at 479; State v. Morley, 134 Wash. 2d 588, 601, 952 P.2d 167 (1998).

"[T]he elements of the out-of-state crime must be compared to the elements of

Washington criminal statutes in effect when the foreign crime was committed." Morley,
134 Wash. 2d at 606. If the two crimes are comparable, the out-of-state conviction can be

      3
         Prior misdemeanors are generally not included in the offender score. State v.
Wiley, 124 Wash. 2d 679, 683, 880 P.2d 983 (1994). However, an out-of-state misdemeanor
conviction can be included in the offender score if it is comparable to a Washington
felony. See State v. Bush, 102 Wash. App. 372, 383-84, 9 P.3d 219 (2000) (affirming
classification of Kansas misdemeanor as class C felony under Washington law).

                                             10
No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

included in the offender score. State v. Thiefault, 160 Wash. 2d 409, 415, 158 P.3d 580

(2007).

       Washington has a two-part analysis for determining whether an out-of-state

conviction is comparable to a Washington conviction. Id. at 414-15. First, the trial court

determines whether the offenses are legally comparable-whether the elements of the

out-of-state offense are substantially similar to the elements of the Washington offense.

Id. at 415. If the elements of the out-of-state offense are broader than the elements of the

Washington offense, they are not legally comparable. In re Pers. Restraint ofLavery, 154
Wash. 2d 249, 258, 111 P.3d 837 (2005).

       Second, even if the offenses are not legally comparable, the sentencing court can

still include the out-of-state conviction in the offender score if the offense is factually

comparable. Id. at 255. Determining factual comparability involves analyzing whether

the defendant's conduct underlying the out-of-state conviction would have violated the

comparable Washington statute. Thiefault, 160 Wash. 2d at 415.

       If an out-of-state conviction involves an offense that is neither legally nor factually

comparable to a Washington offense, the sentencing court may not include the conviction

in the defendant's offender score. Id.

                                              11
No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

       B.     Legal comparability of ORS 165.055 to RCW 9A.56.290

       The State argues that ORS 165.055 is legally comparable to Washington's

unlawful factoring of transactions statute, specifically RCW 9A.56.290(1)(a), which

makes it a felony for a person to

       [u]se[] a scanning device to access, read, obtain, memorize, or store,
       temporarily or permanently, information encoded on a payment card
       without the permission of the authorized user of the payment card or with
       the intent to defraud the authorized user, another person, or a financial
       institution.

Br. ofResp't at 15. In their briefs, both parties forget that "the elements of the out-of-

state crime must be compared to the elements of Washington criminal statutes in effect

when the foreign crime was committed." Morley, 134 Wash. 2d at 606. Ms. Jensen has two

convictions for fraudulent use of a credit card under ORS 165.055 for conduct that

occurred in 2002. 4 The legislature amended RCW 9A.56.290 in 2003. LAWS OF 2003,

ch. 52, § 2. The 2003 amendments added both subsection (l)(a) and subsection (l)(b).

LA ws OF 2003, ch. 52, § 2. Prior to the 2003 amendments, RCW 9A.56.290 read:

       4
         The one complaint the State provided, Oregon Case No. 020051 CM, says that
Ms. Jensen committed that particular fraudulent use of a credit card offense on
August 22, 2002. The State did not provide the complaint from Ms. Jensen's second
fraudulent use of a credit card conviction, Oregon Case No. 020050 CM. However, Ms.
Jensen certainly committed that crime in 2002-the State lists the date of that crime in its
brief as May 18, 2002, the Oregon trial court held the sentencing hearing on May 29,
2002, and the Oregon trial court filed both judgments on June 21, 2002.

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No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

               ( 1) A person commits the crime of unlawful factoring of a credit
       card transaction if the person, with intent to commit fraud or theft against a
       cardholder, credit card issuer, or financial institution, causes any such party
       or parties to suffer actual monetary damages that in the aggregate exceed
       one thousand dollars, by:
               (a) Presenting to or depositing with, or causing another to present to
       or deposit with, a financial institution for payment a credit card transaction
       record that is not the result of a credit card transaction between the
       cardholder and the person;
               (b) Employing, soliciting, or otherwise causing a merchant or an
       employee, representative, or agent of a merchant to present to or deposit
       with a financial institution for payment a credit card transaction record that
       is not the result of a credit card transaction between the cardholder and the
       merchant; or
               (c) Employing, soliciting, or otherwise causing another to become a
       merchant for purposes of engaging in conduct made unlawful by this
       section.

                 (3) Unlawful factoring of a credit card transaction is a class C
       felony.

Former RCW 9A.56.290 (1993); see also LAWS OF 1993, ch. 484, § 2.

                 1.     Ordinary credit card fraud v. factoring credit card transactions

       Before analyzing whether the elements of ORS 165.055 are substantially similar to

the elements of former RCW 9A.56.290, it is important to note that credit card fraud and

factoring of credit card transactions are very different crimes. Washington prosecutes a

person who takes another person's credit card and makes unauthorized purchases under

its statutes prohibiting possessing stolen property, theft, and identity theft. See, e.g., State

v. Leyda, 122 Wash. App. 633, 635, 94 P.3d 397 (2004), rev'd, 157 Wash. 2d 335, 138 P.3d
13
No. 32607-1-III
State v. Jensen

610 (2006). In contrast, the unlawful factoring statute deals with merchants laundering

money from illegitimate businesses to banks. The Washington Legislature summarized

the crime of unlawful factoring when it first introduced the bill in 1993:

       A business that wishes to accept credit cards from its customers must first
       enter into a merchant agreement with a financial institution. Credit card
       factoring occurs when a business that has a merchant agreement (the factor)
       processes the credit card transactions of a second business that has been
       unable or unwilling to obtain its own merchant agreement. In return, the
       second business pays a fee to the factor, which often is based on a
       percentage of the credit sales processed.

       It has been reported that certain "disreputable" operators use factoring in
       connection with schemes to defraud or deceive consumers. These deceptive
       transactions can produce significant losses to consumers who do not receive
       bargained-for products or services, and to financial institutions who must
       reimburse injured consumers.

       It has been suggested that criminalizing factoring used to facilitate unfair or
       deceptive trade practices would help to reduce the operations of "disreputable"
       businesses in this state.

       This bill will discourage "fly-by-night" businesses from committing consumer
       fraud in Washington and will help prevent losses to consumers and banks.

S.B. REP. ON S.B. 5704, 53rd Leg., Reg. Sess. (Wash. 1993). In other words, these

factoring statutes are intended to prohibit a merchant from defrauding a bank by passing

off the credit card transactions of an illegitimate business as his or her own sales, when

the merchant knows otherwise.

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No. 32607-1-III
State v. Jensen

       Within former RCW 9A.56.290, subsection (l)(a) was targeted at a factoring

merchant who presents the transaction to the bank. This subsection focused on whether

the transaction really was between that merchant and the cardholder. In other words, it

prohibited the merchant from passing off someone else's sales as his or her own. Former

subsections ( 1)(b) and ( 1)( c) targeted persons who enlisted the merchant's help in

laundering transactions. In other words, those subsections made it unlawful to recruit

someone to open a merchant account at a bank for the purpose of laundering credit card

transactions through that account. Again, this is consistent with the understanding that

this statute was intended to outlaw the practice of laundering credit card transactions.

              11.    Whether the elements of ORS 165.055 and former RCW 9A.56.290
                     were substantially similar at the time Ms. Jensen committed the
                     offenses

       ORS 165.055 provides that

      [a] person commits the crime of fraudulent use of a credit card if, with
      intent to injure or defraud, the person uses a credit card for the purpose of
      obtaining property or services with knowledge that:
              (a) The card is stolen or forged;
              (b) The card has been revoked or canceled; or
              (c) For any other reason the use of the card is unauthorized by either
      the issuer or the person to whom the credit card is issued.

              (4) Fraudulent use of a credit card is:
              (a) A Class A misdemeanor if the aggregate total amount of
              property or services the person obtains or attempts to obtain is less
              than $1,000.

                                             15
No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

              (b) A Class C felony if the aggregate total amount of property or
              services the person obtains or attempts to obtain is $1,000 or more.

       Thus, ORS 165.055's elements are: (1) fraudulent intent, (2) using the credit card

to obtain property or services, (3) knowledge that the card is stolen, forged, revoked,

canceled, or that the card's use was unauthorized for any other reason. Conversely,

former RCW 9A.56.290's elements are: (1) fraudulent intent, (2) causing the victim to

suffer actual monetary damages that exceeds $1,000, (3) presenting or depositing a credit

card transaction record to a financial institution that is not the result of a credit card

transaction between the cardholder and the merchant.

       Here, the elements of these two statutes are not substantially similar. First, former

RCW 9A.56.290 requires over $1,000 in monetary damages. While ORS 165.055 makes

it a felony to fraudulently obtain over $1,000, a person can still be convicted of a

misdemeanor under ORS 165.055 if that person obtains less than $1,000. 5 Second,

former RCW 9A.56.290 requires the person to present a credit card transaction

record to a financial institution, whereas ORS 165.055 does not. For these reasons, it is

possible for Ms. Jensen to have violated ORS 165.055 without necessarily meeting the

       5  The complaint the State submitted from Oregon Case No. 020051 CM indicates
that this fraudulent use of a credit card conviction was a misdemeanor. The judgment for
the other conviction included a compensatory fine of $600, which would have made it a
misdemeanor as well if this were the actual amount Ms. Jensen fraudulently obtained.

                                               16
No. 32607-1-III
State v. Jensen

elements of former RCW 9A.56.290. ORS 165.055 is therefore broader than former

RCW 9A.56.290. The two statutes are not legally comparable.

       C.     Whether Ms. Jensen's conduct was factually comparable to a Washington
              felony

       When conducting a factual comparability analysis, the trial court can consider only

facts that were proved to a trier of fact beyond a reasonable doubt or that the defendant

admitted or stipulated to. State v. Thomas, 135 Wash. App. 474, 482, 144 P.3d 1178

(2006).

       Here, Ms. Jensen pleaded guilty to each Oregon fraudulent use of a credit card

offense. We may therefore consider the elements listed in the complaint and the two

judgments to determine whether Ms. Jensen's conduct would have been a felony in

Washington.

       The Oregon complaint in Case No. 020051 CM alleged that Ms. Jensen,

      on or about 08/22/2001, in the County of Hood River and State of Oregon,
      did unlawfully, with intent to injure and defraud, use a credit card, to-wit: a
      Texaco credit card, for the purposes of obtaining money, with the
      knowledge that her use of the card was not authorized by Carlos Linares,
      the holder of the card.

Clerk's Papers at 124. The judgment establishes that Ms. Jensen pleaded guilty to and

was convicted of the charges as alleged in this complaint. The State argues that these

facts are factually comparable to Washington's second degree identity theft offense, a

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No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

felony, which provides that "[n]o person may knowingly obtain, possess, use, or transfer a

means of identification or financial information of another person, living or dead, with the

intent to commit, or to aid or abet, any crime." RCW 9.35.020(1). The State is correct.

The facts with which the state of Oregon charged Ms. Jensen in the complaint satisfy the

elements of second degree identity theft in Washington: ( 1) Ms. Jensen knowingly used

the card, (2) she knew the cardholder was Carlos Linares, and that she was not authorized

to use the card, and (3) she acted with intent to injure and defraud. Therefore, Ms.

Jensen's Oregon fraudulent use of a credit card conviction that is accompanied by the

complaint is factually comparable to a Washington felony.

       The State acknowledges it did not provide a complaint for the Oregon

fraudulent use of a credit card conviction in Oregon Case No. 020050 CM. The

State argues this court can deduce that Ms. Jensen's conduct would have been factually

comparable to some Washington felony regardless of how she violated ORS 165.055-if

she used a stolen or forged card under ORS 165.055(1)(a), that could be either unlawful

factoring under RCW 9A.56.290(1)(a), second degree possession of stolen property under

RCW 9A.56.160(l)(a), or forgery under RCW 9A.60.020(1).

      However, the State only lists Washington felonies that would be factually

comparable if Ms. Jensen had specifically violated ORS 165.055(1)(a)-that the card was

                                            18
No. 32607-1-III
State v. Jensen

stolen or forged. But the June 21, 2002 Oregon judgment does not specify that Ms.

Jensen committed the offense under subsection (l)(a). Ms. Jensen could have violated

ORS 165.055(1)(b), which prohibits using a credit card that has been revoked or

canceled, or ORS 165.055(1)(c), which prohibits using a card that is unauthorized "[t]or

any other reason." These subsections do not require the card to be stolen, forged, or even

belong to another person. See State v. Franke, 13 Or. App. 278, 282, 508 P.2d 454

( 1973) ("[I]t is clear that a person can commit the crime of fraudulent use of a credit card

without committing the crime of forgery."). For example, a person could violate either of

these subsections by using his or her own credit card that has been revoked. Assuming

that Ms. Jensen stole or forged the credit card when she committed the offense, like the

State asks this court to do, would be assuming evidence that was not presented in the

foreign proceeding and would violate Apprendi. 6 See Lavery, 154 Wash. 2d at 256.

Therefore, because the judgment from Ms. Jensen's Oregon conviction under Case No.

020050 CM fails to establish that she used a stolen or forged credit card, the State failed

to prove Ms. Jensen's conduct was factually comparable to a Washington felony. 7

       6   Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S. Ct. 2348, 147 L. Ed. 2d 435
(2000).
       7The judgment for Oregon Case No. 020050 CM ordered Ms. Jensen to pay a
$600 compensatory fine to Peggy's Roost Tavern. In a footnote, the State argues that
"[a]ssuming this is the amount she charged to the card, this would have constituted Theft

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No. 32607-1-111
State v. Jensen

       D.     Remedy on remand

       Under State v. Jones, 182 Wash. 2d 1, 10-11, 338 P.3d 278 (2014), a sentencing court

is permitted to consider new, permissible evidence on remand. We therefore remand for a

resentencing hearing where the State will have the opportunity to present "all relevant

evidence regarding criminal history, including criminal history not previously presented"

relating to Oregon Case No. 020050 CM, in order to establish factual comparability. See

RCW 9.94A.530(2).

                                         CONCLUSION

       We affirm the conviction, affirm that Ms. Jensen's conviction in Oregon Case No.

020051 CM is factually comparable to a Washington felony, but remand for a new

sentencing hearing to determine whether Ms. Jensen's conviction in Oregon Case No.

020050 CM is factually comparable to a Washington felony.

in the Second Degree under the version of the theft statute then in effect 2001 [sic]." Br.
ofResp't at 19 n.4. Without a complaint, there are simply no facts supporting this
assumption-the $600 could have been aggregated from the other two counts in the
complaint, one of which, forgery, was already included in Ms. Jensen's offender score.
Without examination of the actual complaint, it would violate Apprendi to assume this

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No. 32607-1-III
State v. Jensen

      Affirmed in part, remanded.

      A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to

RCW 2.06.040.

                                         Lawrence-Berrey, A.CJ.
                                                                              j
WE CONCUR:

Siddoway, J.

$600 fine is factually comparable to a second degree theft conviction.

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