Court Opinion

ID: 4639789
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-12-04 22:00:12.15564+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:59:00.392270
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                     For the First Circuit

No. 17-1731

 HEALTHPROMED FOUNDATION, INC., f/k/a Dr. Jose S. Belaval, Inc.;
  CORP. DE SERVICIOS INTEGRALES DE SALUD INTEGRAL EN LA MONTAÑA,
   INC.; MIGRANT HEALTH CENTER, INC.; NEOMED CENTER, INC., f/k/a
  Gurabo Community Health Center, Inc.; MOROVIS COMMUNITY HEALTH
CENTER, INC.; CONCILIO DE SALUD INTEGRAL DE LOIZA, INC. (CSILO);
    CORPORACION DE SERVICIOS DE SALUD Y MEDICINA AVANZADA, INC.,
                              (COSSMA),

                    Plaintiffs, Appellants,

                              and

   CAMUY HEALTH SERVICES, INC.; ATLANTIC MEDICAL CENTER, INC.;
     CENTRO DE SALUD FAMILIAR DR. JULIO PALMIERI FERRI, INC.;
 CORPORACION DE SERV. MÉDICOS PRIMARIOS Y PREVENCION DE HATILLO,
  INC.; COSTA SALUD, INC., f/k/a Rincón Health Center, Inc.; EL
CENTRO DE SALUD DE LARES, INC.; HOSPITAL GENERAL CASTAÑAR, INC.;
RIO GRANDE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, INC.; TOA ALTA COMPREHENSIVE
            URBAN/RURAL ADVANCED HEALTH SERVICES, INC.,

                          Plaintiffs,

                               v.

  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES; DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO; LORENZO GONZÁLEZ-FELICIANO,
 Secretary, Department of Health for the Commonwealth of Puerto
                              Rico,

                     Defendants, Appellees,

                              and

COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO; ALEX MICHAEL AZAR, II, as Secretary
    of United States Department of Health and Human Services,

                          Defendants.
No. 17-1812

   ATLANTIC MEDICAL CENTER, INC.; CAMUY HEALTH SERVICES, INC.;
 CENTRO DE SALUD FAMILIAR DR. JULIO PALMIERI FERRI, INC.; CIALES
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES, INC.; CORPORACION DE SERV. MÉDICOS
   PRIMARIOS Y PREVENCION DE HATILLO, INC.; COSTA SALUD, INC.,
     f/k/a Rincón Health Center, Inc.; EL CENTRO DE SERVICIOS
PRIMARIOS DE SALUD DE PATILLAS, INC.; HOSPITAL GENERAL CASTAÑAR,
             INC.; EL CENTRO DE SALUD DE LARES, INC.,

                       Plaintiffs, Appellants,

                                 and

RIO GRANDE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, INC.; TOA ALTA COMPREHENSIVE
  URBAN/RURAL ADVANCED HEALTH SERVICES, INC.; CONCILIO DE SALUD
 INTEGRAL DE LOIZA, INC. (CSILO); CORP. DE SERVICIOS INTEGRALES
 DE SALUD INTEGRAL EN LA MONTAÑA, INC.; CORPORACION DE SERVICOS
    DE SALUD Y MEDICINA AVANZADA, INC., (COSSMA); HEALTHPROMED
    FOUNDATION, INC., f/k/a Dr. Jose S. Belaval, Inc.; MIGRANT
   HEALTH CENTER, INC.; MOROVIS COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, INC.;
NEOMED CENTER, INC., f/k/a Gurabo Community Health Center, Inc.;
                     MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JUAN,

                             Plaintiffs,

                                  v.

LORENZO GONZÁLEZ-FELICIANO, as Secretary of Department of Health
 for Puerto Rico; ALEX MICHAEL AZAR, II, as Secretary of United
         States Department of Health and Human Services,

                        Defendants, Appellees,

                                 and

              JOHNNY RULLAN; COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO

                             Defendants.

          APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                 FOR THE DISTRICT OF PUERTO RICO

        [Hon. Gustavo A. Gelpí, Jr., U.S. District Judge]
                              Before

                    Lynch, Lipez, and Barron,
                         Circuit Judges.

     Nicole M. Bacon, with whom James L. Feldesman, Khatereh S.
Ghiladi, and Feldesman Tucker Liefer Fidell LLP were on brief, for
appellants Atlantic Medical Center, Inc., Camuy Health Services,
Inc., Centro de Salud Familiar Dr. Julio Palmieri Ferri, Inc.,
Ciales Primary Health Care Services, Inc., Corporacion de Serv.
Médicos Primarios y Prevención de Hatillo, Inc., Costa Salud, Inc.,
El Centro de Salud de Lares, Inc., El Centro de Servicios Primarios
de Salud de Patillas, Inc., and Hospital General Castañar, Inc.

     Robert A. Graham, with whom Iyen A. Acosta and Reno &
Cavanaugh, PLLC were on brief, for appellants HealthproMed, Salud
Integral en la Montaña, Migrant Health Center, COSSMA, Morovis
Community Health Center, NeoMed Center, and Concilio de Salud
Integral de Loiza.
     Carlos Lugo-Fiol, with whom Solicitor General of Puerto Rico
Isaías Sánchez-Báez was on brief, for appellees Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico and Lorenzo González-Feliciano, in his official
capacity as Secretary of the Department of Health for Puerto Rico.

                         December 4, 2020
              LYNCH, Circuit Judge.       These consolidated appeals, and

the companion appeal No. 19-1336, arise out of the long-running

litigation between Puerto Rico and several Federally Qualified

Health Centers (FQHCs) over the Commonwealth's failure to make

payments to the FQHCs.            The FQHCs assert new claims that the

Commonwealth has again failed to pay in full the statutorily

required reimbursement amounts for the services they provide to

poor patients under the Medicaid Act.               We dismiss these appeals

without reaching the merits, because we conclude that the orders

appealed from are void -- having been issued in violation of the

stay entered by the Title III court.

                                  I. Background

              The Medicaid Act requires FQHCs to provide care to

underserved populations.         States must reimburse the FQHCs for the

full cost of these services through a Prospective Payment System

(PPS).   42 U.S.C. § 1396a(bb)(1)-(3).         Puerto Rico has contracted

with Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) to run its Medicaid program.

The MCOs in turn contract with FQHCs to deliver services as

required.         When the MCOs pay less than the PPS rate, Puerto Rico1

must   make       up   the   difference   through    quarterly   supplemental

"wraparound" payments.         Id. § 1396a(bb)(5).

              1  Puerto Rico is a state for purposes of the Medicaid
statute.    42 U.S.C. § 1301(a)(1).

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           This litigation has been ongoing since 2003, when the

FQHCs first sued the Commonwealth for failure to make the required

wraparound payments.     The factual and procedural history behind

these appeals is described in our eight prior opinions in this

matter, including most recently in Municipality of San Juan v.

Puerto Rico, 919 F.3d 565 (1st Cir. 2019).2

               In 2009, the district court appointed a Special Master

to oversee the Medicaid payment calculations.          In 2010, at the

recommendation of the Special Master, the district court entered

a   preliminary   injunction3   requiring   the   Commonwealth   to   make

interim payments calculated by the Special Master, and directing

the parties to calculate the actual PPS rates and then reconcile

the interim payments with the amount actually due under the

appropriate PPS formula.4

           2   These are: Rio Grande Community Health Center, Inc.
v. Rullan, 397 F.3d 56 (1st Cir. 2005); Dr. Jose S. Belaval, Inc.
v. Peréz-Perdomo, 465 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2006); Dr. Jose S. Belaval,
Inc. v. Peréz-Perdomo, 488 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2007); Concilio de
Salud Integral de Loiza, Inc. v. Peréz-Perdomo, 551 F.3d 10 (1st
Cir. 2008); Concilio de Salud Integral de Loiza, Inc. v. Peréz-
Perdomo, 625 F.3d 15 (1st Cir. 2010); Consejo de Salud de la
Comunidad de la Playa de Ponce, Inc. v. González-Feliciano, 695
F.3d 83 (1st Cir. 2012); Rio Grande Community Health Center, Inc.
v. Armendáriz, 792 F.3d 229 (1st Cir. 2015); and Municipality of
San Juan v. Puerto Rico, 919 F.3d 565 (1st Cir. 2019).
           3   The district court previously entered a preliminary
injunction in 2004, but vacated it after Puerto Rico created a PPS
office. We reversed that decision in Concilio de Salud Integral
de Loiza, Inc., 551 F.3d at 19.
           4  The FQHCs represent that during the period of 2010-
2014, "[t]he bulk of the efforts of both the parties and the

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             By the fourth quarter of 2014, the scope of services

that the FQHCs provide had changed.           The Medicaid Act obligates

the Commonwealth to recalculate the PPS rates to account for the

changes in the scope of service.            42 U.S.C. § 1396a(bb)(3)(B).

The district court ordered the Special Master to calculate the

appropriate PPS rates for the period beginning with the fourth

quarter of 2014, and reconcile those rates with the interim

payments that the Commonwealth continued to make.

             In April 2017, the Special Master issued a report and

recommendation, which resolved the parties' disputes over the

methodology for calculating the PPS rates, but which led to these

appeals. The Special Master recommended that the revised PPS rates

be   made    effective    January   1,    2017,   rather     than   the   full

reconciliation period beginning in the fourth quarter of 2014, in

order   to   "promote[]   finality,      efficiency,   and   realistic    cost

saving targets . . . [and] prevent the administrative burden and

uncertainty that . . . retroactive application would imply."

             In 2016, Congress passed the Puerto Rico Oversight,

Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA), which authorized

Puerto Rico to file for the equivalent of bankruptcy protection

under Title III of the Act.         48 U.S.C. §§ 2161-2177.         On May 3,

Special Master . . . were devoted to resolving disputes
over . . . payment rates and . . . the court's interim payment
order(s) rather than to reconciliation of the interim payments."

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2017, Puerto Rico invoked Title III under PROMESA, and triggered

an automatic bankruptcy stay.5

          After the PROMESA stay took effect, on May 10, 2017, the

district court in this litigation adopted the Special Master's

April 2017 report and recommendation, approved an agreed-upon

formula   for    calculating   Medicaid   wraparound   payments   going

forward, and made the new formula effective from January 1, 2017.

In August, 2017, the FQHCs brought these consolidated appeals.

          In 2019, this court held that the automatic stay applies

to the orders at issue in this appeal.     Mun. of San Juan, 919 F.3d

at 581-82.      On June 21, 2019, this court stayed these appeals,

which were already in abeyance,6 in light of our decision in

Municipality of San Juan.

     5    Title III of PROMESA incorporates parts of the
Bankruptcy Code, including 11 U.S.C. § 362(a)(1), which
automatically stays "the commencement or continuation, including
the issuance or employment of process, of a judicial,
administrative, or other action or proceeding against the debtor
that was or could have been commenced before the commencement of
the case under this title, or to recover a claim against the debtor
that arose before the commencement of the case under this title."
     6    On December 21, 2017, we ordered the parties to show
cause whether the automatic stay applies to these appeals. Both
parties stated that this litigation should move forward despite
the stay. The FQHCs argued the stay simply should not apply, and
the Commonwealth stated "[it] would have no objection to a lift of
the stay should Plaintiffs-Appellants so request it pursuant to
the procedures established for such purpose in the Title III
proceedings." We then placed these appeals in abeyance to permit
the parties to seek relief from the automatic stay to the extent
that it applied to these appeals.

                                 - 7 -
           On July 29, 2019, the parties entered and submitted a

stipulation to the Title III court in an effort on their part to

permit these appeals to move forward.        The stipulation states:

           The Title III Stay is hereby modified solely
           to the limited extent necessary to allow (a)
           the pending appeals for the United States
           Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in
           Appeals Nos. 17-1731, 17-1812, and 19-1336 to
           proceed to judgment [and (b) to continue to
           allow the Commonwealth to make the wraparound
           payments under the existing formula.]

The Title III court adopted this stipulation without modification

in its Eleventh Omnibus Order Granting Relief from the Automatic

Stay.   We then ordered briefing.

           After these appeals were filed, on December 31, 2018,

the   Special   Master   issued   another   report   and   recommendation,

which, among other things, recommended that the district court

revise the effective date of the new PPS rates to January 1, 2019,

in light of Puerto Rico's financial circumstances.           The district

court did not adopt this proposal, and left the January 1, 2017,

effective date in place.     The Commonwealth appealed that decision

in appeal No. 19-1336.

                             II. Discussion

           As to the merits, the FQHCs attempt to challenge the

effective date of the revised PPS rates and other portions of the

district court's order adopting the Special Master's report and

                                   - 8 -
recommendation.    Because the orders are void, we cannot reach the

merits of these issues, and dismiss for lack of jurisdiction.

            Our decision in Municipality of San Juan makes clear

that the automatic stay applies to the Medicaid litigation.          919

F.3d at 581-82.    The stay became effective May 3, 2017, seven days

before the district court's order.         An order which post-dates the

stay is void.     In re Soares, 107 F.3d 969, 976-77 (1st Cir. 1997)

(an order issued after a bankruptcy stay is void absent "unusual

and unusually compelling" circumstances). A void order is a "legal

nullity."    United Student Aid Funds, Inc. v. Espinosa, 559 U.S.

260, 270 (2010).     It is "without legal effect."      Baella-Silva v.

Hulsey, 454 F.3d 5, 10 (1st Cir. 2006) (quoting Fafel v. DiPaola,

399 F.3d 403, 410 (1st Cir. 2005)).

            If the orders underlying this appeal are "without legal

effect," we lack jurisdiction to decide their merits.        See Preiser

v. Newkirk, 422 U.S. 395, 401 (1975) ("[A] federal court has

neither   the    power   to   render advisory opinions nor    to   decide

questions that cannot affect the rights of litigants in the case

before them." (quoting North Carolina v. Rice, 404 U.S. 244, 246

(1971))).

            The FQHCs argue that the parties' stipulation and the

Title III court's Omnibus Order permit us to reach the merits of

these appeals.    We disagree.    The stipulation and order state only

that "[t]he Title III Stay is . . . modified solely to the limited

                                   - 9 -
extent necessary to allow . . . the pending appeals for the United

States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in Appeals Nos. 17-

1731, 17-1812, and 19-1336 to proceed to judgment."             The Title III

court was not asked to and did not lift the stay retroactively.7

No party has adequately argued the Title III court order has that

effect.

             In the companion appeal No. 19-1336 the Commonwealth

also took the position that In re Soares and 11 U.S.C. § 362(d)

permit this court to retroactively lift the automatic stay in

appropriate circumstances.          The FQHCs endorsed this view.          We

reject that argument.       Neither In re Soares nor the statute gives

the court of appeals as opposed to the bankruptcy court such

authority.       The parties appear to read In re Soares and 11 U.S.C.

§ 362(d) to give any court confronted with an automatic stay the

power   to   grant    retroactive   relief    in    "unusual   and   unusually

compelling circumstances."      We see no support for this proposition

in the text of 11 U.S.C. § 362(d) or In re Soares.             The Bankruptcy

Code specifically refers to the powers of the bankruptcy court in

particular.       In re Soares also states that "11 U.S.C. § 362(d)

permits      bankruptcy    courts     to     lift    the   automatic      stay

retroactively."      107 F.3d at 976 (emphasis added).

             7 This does not change the Commonwealth's existing
obligation to make wraparound payments under the 2010 preliminary
injunction and prior district court orders. The Commonwealth has
stipulated that it will continue to make these payments.

                                    - 10 -
           This   court   articulated   these   same   jurisdictional

concerns to the parties at oral argument.       We ordered that the

parties,

           report whether they agree to seek the
           following relief from the Title III court: (1)
           An   order   from    the   Title   III   court
           retroactively lifting the automatic stay as to
           the district court's May 10, 2017, January 22,
           2019, and January 28, 2019 orders, as well as
           any related orders by the district court, such
           that no portion of those orders are void under
           the automatic stay; and (2) An order from the
           Title III court stating the automatic stay
           does not limit this court's consideration of
           the merits of appeal numbers 17-1731; 17-1812;
           and 19-1336, and this Court has jurisdiction
           to reach all questions on the merits of these
           appeals.

But for reasons not stated, the parties responded to our order by

stating they "agreed to refrain from seeking any further relief

from the PROMESA Title III court with respect to their July 29,

2019 stipulation and the court's Eleventh Omnibus Order."

           We decide only that we lack jurisdiction to resolve the

merits of the underlying orders, given that they are void.        We

order dismissal of these appeals.

           No costs are awarded.

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