Court Opinion

ID: 8213135
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-10-11 17:02:11.499984+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:42:20.245588
License: Public Domain

In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                 OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                          No. 21-1082V
                                      Filed: August 15, 2022

    ************************* *
                                           *
    ADRIENNE FALZON, as legal              *
    representative of and administrator of *
                                           *               TO BE PUBLISHED
    ESTATE OF PAUL GIACCIO,                *
                                           *
                           Petitioner,     *
                                           *               Special Master Katherine E. Oler
    v.                                     *
                                           *
    SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND                *               Dismissal of Petition; Timeliness of
    HUMAN SERVICES,                        *
                                           *               Filing; Equitable Tolling; Vaccine Act.
                                           *
                           Respondent.     *
                                           *
    ************************* *

David Gregory Rogers, Rogers, Hofrichter & Karrh, LLC, Fayetteville, GA, for Petitioner
Voris Johnson, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent

                               DECISION DISMISSING PETITION1

        On March 18, 2021, Adrienne Falzon (“Petitioner” and mother of Mr. Paul Giaccio), as
legal representative of and administrator of the Estate of Paul Giaccio, filed a petition for
compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program,2 alleging that Paul
Giaccio (“vaccinee”) died from sepsis related to streptococcal necrotizing myositis that was caused
or exacerbated Mr. Giaccio’s infection, as a result of the influenza (“flu”) vaccination he received

1
  This Decision will be posted on the United States Court of Federal Claims’ website, in accordance with
the E-Government Act of 2002, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 (2012). This means the Decision will be available to
anyone with access to the internet. As provided by 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-12(d)(4)(B), however, the parties
may object to the Decision’s inclusion of certain kinds of confidential information. Specifically, under
Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party has fourteen days within which to request redaction “of any information
furnished by that party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged
or confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute
a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the Decision in its present form
will be available. Id.
2
  The Vaccine Program comprises Part 2 of the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L.
No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3758, codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-10 through 34 (2012) (“Vaccine
Act” or “the Act”). Individual section references hereafter will be to § 300aa of the Act (but will omit that
statutory prefix).
on November 13, 2018. Pet. at 1-2. For the reasons discussed in this decision, I find the petition
must be dismissed because it was filed more than 24 months after Mr. Giaccio’s death.

       I. Summary of Medical Records and Other Fact Evidence

        I have provided a brief medical summary concerning the details relevant to the statute of
limitations issue in this case.

        Mr. Giaccio was 43 years old at the time of the allegedly causal influenza vaccination. Ex.
1; Ex. 2 at 13. On November 13, 2018, Mr. Giaccio saw PA Margaret Renn Freuchtel for a routine
check up and reported a number of symptoms including left shoulder pain and back pain that
decreased his range of motion (“ROM”) for the past several months and led to his inability to sleep
on his left side. Ex. 2 at 13. Mr. Giaccio was diagnosed with acute pain of the left shoulder. Id. at
15. He received the influenza vaccine during this visit. Id.

         On November 16, 2018, Mr. Giaccio returned to his PCP and stated that since he received
the flu shot three days prior in his left arm, he had been experiencing right shoulder pain that was
in his right upper back down to his shoulder and into his armpit region. Ex. 2 at 11. He also reported
increased fatigue and a headache. Id. Mr. Giaccio was diagnosed with trapezius muscle spasms,
prescribed NSAIDs and a muscle relaxer. Id. at 12. PA Margaret Renn Freuchtel advised Mr.
Giaccio to retain his orthopedic appointment because his presentation of right shoulder pain was
“unlikely [] due to flu shot in left arm.” Id.

        On November 18, 2018, Marquis Foster, Mr. Giaccio’s roommate, found Mr. Giaccio
unresponsive in the bathroom. See Cobb County Office of the Medical Examiner Investigator’s
Report (Ex. 3) at 19. Mr. Foster called 911 and began CPR. Id. Cobb County uniformed officers
and firefighters responded to the scene. Id. Mr. Giaccio did not have any vital signs. Id. He was
pronounced dead at 1:52am on November 19, 2018. Id.

        Pathologist Cassie Boggs, M.D. performed an autopsy on November 20, 2018. Ex. 3 at 3.
Her pathological diagnoses included: necrosis and acute inflammation of the right pectoralis
muscle; pleuritis of the right chest cavity with pneumonia of right lung; myocardial necrosis;
softening with prominence of white pulp of spleen; hemorrhagic change of adrenal glands;
diffusely enlarged lymph nodes; pulmonary congestion and edema; and cerebral edema. Id. Dr.
Boggs identified Mr. Giaccio’s cause of death as “sepsis due to Group A streptococcal necrotizing
myositis.” Id.

       II. Procedural History

       On March 18, 2021, Ms. Falzon (“Petitioner”) filed a petition as legal representative and
administrator of the Estate of Paul Giaccio. Pet. Petitioner filed a number of exhibits, including
Mr. Giaccio’s birth certificate, Mr. Giaccio’s medical records preceding his death, Mr. Giaccio’s
autopsy report, a piece of medical literature regarding streptococcal necrotizing myositis, and Ms.
Falzon’s affidavit. See Exs. 1-5. On June 11, 2021 and January 7, 2022, Petitioner filed statements
of completion. ECF Nos. 8, 13.

                                                  2
       On April 15, 2022, Petitioner filed a motion for an extension of time to obtain probate
documents. ECF No. 18. I granted that request the same day. See non-PDF Order on April 15,
2022.3

       On April 18, 2022, Respondent filed a status report stating he did not identify any “critical
missing records” and wished to proceed on a litigation track. ECF No. 19.

        On May 19, 2022, Respondent filed a Rule 4(c) Report stating it was his position that this
case was not appropriate for compensation under the Vaccine Act. Resp’t’s Rep. at 1-2. In this
report, Respondent noted that this case should be dismissed because the petition was not timely
filed, Mr. Giaccio cannot meet the severity requirement for an injury claim, and the evidence
submitted did not support vaccine-causation. See generally id. Specifically, Respondent noted that
Mr. Giaccio passed away on November 19, 2018 and the petition was filed more than 24 months
after his death. Id. at 6. According to Section 16 of the Vaccine Act, a petition must be filed “24
months from the date of the death and no . . . more than 48 months after the date of the occurrence
of the first symptom or manifestation of onset or of the significant aggravation of the injury from
which the death resulted.” See id.; see also 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-16(a)(3).

        On May 23, 2022, I held a status conference with the parties to discuss Respondent’s Rule
4(c) Report and concerns regarding the statute of limitations. Petitioner requested 30 days to file a
brief regarding the statute of limitations issue and Respondent requested 14 days to file a response.
See Scheduling Order dated May 23, 2022, ECF No. 24. I granted those requests. Id.

        On June 22, 2022, Petitioner filed a brief regarding the statute of limitations. ECF No. 25.
On July 5, 2022, Respondent filed a response to Petitioner’s brief. ECF No. 26. This matter is now
ripe for a determination concerning whether Petitioner’s claim is time barred.

        III. Parties’ Arguments

         Petitioner argues “the Covid 19 pandemic, the worst pandemic in over 100 years, created
the circumstances that caused litigant’s delay, that were both extraordinary and beyond Petitioner’s
control.” Pet’r’s Br. at 11. Accordingly, Petitioner argues that equitable tolling renders her petition
timely filed. Petitioner cited Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 544 U.S. 408, 418 (2005) and Irwin v.
Department of Veterans Affairs, 498 U.S. 89, 96 (1990). These cases establish that for equitable
tolling to apply, matters must be beyond the litigant’s control, and that the litigant must have acted
diligently in pursuing their rights during the extraordinary circumstances. See also Menominee
Indian Tribe v. United States, 577 U.S. 250, 257 (2016).

3
  As of the date of this decision, Petitioner has not filed probate documents demonstrating that she (or
someone else) is the administrator of Mr. Giaccio’s estate. In her motion for extension of time, Petitioner
states that “There has been considerable controversy in the handling of the estate, with the first administrator
Althea Caces being removed by the Probate Court, and replaced by Hillary Cranford, esq.” ECF No. 18.
On May 16, 2021, Petitioner filed documents entitled “Amended Petition” and “Probate Documentation”.
ECF Nos. 20, 22. However, none of the information filed establishes that Ms. Cranford was appointed as
the executor of Mr. Giaccio’s estate. As this matter does not prevent me from deciding whether Petitioner’s
claim was time barred, I have not ordered the production of additional documentation.

                                                       3
        Petitioner argues that the doctrine of equitable tolling applies in the case of her counsel’s
delay in submitting the petition. Addressing the second prong of the Irwin test, Petitioner charges
that the illness and death of counsel’s father, counsel’s own health issues, and illness experienced
by other staff members in counsel’s law office and by Petitioner’s expert, were sufficient
extraordinary circumstances to justify equitable tolling. See generally Pet’r’s Br.; see also Aff. of
David Gregory Rogers. In particular, she emphasizes that the unique scale and severity of the
COVID-19 pandemic were “extraordinary”, citing public health data for case incidence in Georgia
to support her argument. Pet’r’s Br. at 1, 18. Addressing the first prong, Petitioner claims that her
counsel diligently pursued his charge of filing the case given the extraordinary circumstances he
faced, pointing to intermittent emails and calls made between counsel and Dr. Stern on September
18, October 8, October 9, October 27, and November 4, 2020 despite the circumstances. Id. at 14-
15.

         Respondent argues that the doctrine of equitable tolling does not apply to Petitioner’s delay
in filing her claim. Respondent notes that Petitioner does not cite any legal authority to support her
argument that the COVID-19 pandemic was an extraordinary circumstance for the purposes of
equitable tolling, and Respondent points to court guidelines issued since the beginning of the
pandemic and electronic filing procedures that enable regular filings to occur despite the pandemic.
Resp’t’s Br. at 5. Respondent charges that the pandemic therefore was not an event outside of
Petitioner’s control, but rather that the events described were counsel’s responses to challenges
posed by the pandemic and personal situation, and they were actions within counsel’s control. Id.
at 6. Respondent also notes that Petitioner’s counsel was not completely absent from the office
during the period of alleged extraordinary circumstances, and that Petitioner’s counsel was in fact
working on matters for other clients and even Petitioner’s case to an extent, as evidenced by the
email and phone communications between Petitioner’s counsel and Dr. Stern. Id.

       IV. Legal Standard

       The statute of limitations, or the timeframe within which a person who has sustained a
vaccine-related injury must file a claim, is outlined in § 16(a)(3) of the Vaccine Act:

       [I]f a death occurred as a result of the administration of such vaccine, no petition
       may be filed for compensation under the Program for such death after the expiration
       of 24 months from the date of the death and no such petition may be filed more
       than 48 months after the date of the occurrence of the first symptom or
       manifestation of onset or of the significant aggravation of the injury from which
       the death resulted.

42 U.S.C. § 300aa-16(a)(3).

        In Cloer, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit recognized that
equitable tolling, an extension of the statute of limitations, can be applied in vaccine cases under
very rare and extraordinary circumstances, for example, those involving fraud or duress. Cloer v.
Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 654 F.3d 1322, 1334-35 (Fed. Cir. 2011). The Cloer court also
cited to Irwin v. Department of Veterans Affairs, noting that “equitable tolling is to be used
‘sparingly’ in federal cases and has been limited to cases involving deception or the timely filing
of a procedurally defective pleading”. 498 U.S. 89 (1990).
                                                  4
        In Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin, the Supreme Court noted, “To be entitled to
equitable tolling of a statute of limitations, a litigant must establish ‘(1) that he has been pursuing
his rights diligently, and (2) that some extraordinary circumstance stood in his way and prevented
timely filing.’” Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin v. United States, 577 U.S. 250, 136 S.Ct.
750, 755 (2016); citing Holland v. Florida, 560 U.S. 631, 649, 130 S.Ct. 2549, 177 L.Ed.2d 130.
In order to constitute extraordinary circumstances, “the circumstances that caused a litigant’s delay
[must be] both extraordinary and beyond its control.” Id.

        Several Circuit Courts have held that the COVID-19 pandemic does not automatically
warrant equitable tolling of the statute of limitations. See Powell v. United States, 2022 WL
2811987 (11th Cir. 2022) (holding that “lockdowns and similar limitations imposed because of
the COVID-19 pandemic were not extraordinary circumstances which by themselves
justify equitable tolling.”); Lamebull v. City and County of Denver, 2022 WL 2951689 (10th Cir.
2022) (finding the COVID-19 pandemic did not warrant equitable tolling of the applicable statute
of limitations).

        In Sneed v. Shinseki, the Federal Circuit held that attorney abandonment can justify the
equitable tolling of the statute of limitations. 737 F.3d 719, 726–27 (Fed. Cir. 2013).
“[U]nprofessional attorney conduct may, in certain circumstances, prove ‘egregious’ and can be
‘extraordinary,’” thus forming a basis for equitable tolling. Holland, 130 S.Ct. at 2564 (citations
omitted). In contrast, “a garden variety claim of excusable neglect, such as a simple miscalculation
that leads a lawyer to miss a filing deadline does not warrant equitable tolling.” Id.

       V. Discussion

       Mr. Giaccio passed away on November 19, 2018. 24 months from his date of death was
November 19, 2020. The petition in this case was filed on March 18, 2021, 120 days after
November 19, 2020. Thus, in order to be timely, equitable tolling must apply to 120 days of this
period of time. For the reasons discussed below, I find that it does not.

       Petitioner contends that “[t]he extraordinary circumstance in [her] case ran from August
2020 until February 2021 when the circumstances were dire.” Pet’r’s Br. at 5. Petitioner described
the events that took place during this time. She noted the following:

       [I]n August 2020, counsel’s father became seriously ill with cancer and heart failure
       had to be placed in hospice care. Counsel’s father ultimately passed away at the end
       of September, requiring planning for a sequestered grave side out of state funeral
       conducted in the first part of October 2020.

       Counsel spent the following week in Georgia juggling 6 Social Security telephone
       hearings and appointments, all the while trying clean out his father’s belongings
       from the facility where he resided and handle his affairs.

       Counsel under the stress developed stomach illness requiring a colonoscopy of
       November 9, 2020, and being absent on November 13, 2020 due to stomach pain,

                                                  5
        preceded by scrambling to cover 16 Social Security Disability hearings between
        October 19, 2020 and November 9, 2020 upon his return to the office.

        Counsel’s paralegal became sick with Covid in November 2020, left work on
        November 17, 2020 and missed three weeks of work.

        In December 2020, Dr. Rita McConn Stern became ill for 6 weeks from
        complications from a medical procedure.

        On December 31, 2020, counsel and his wife both contracted Covid 19.
        Unfortunately, counsel developed bilateral viral pneumonia, missing the entire
        month of January returning to work in poor health in February 2021.

Id. at 3-7.

        The following table depicts the timeline outlined by Petitioner in her brief.

 Reason                                               Start Date     End Date           Number
                                                                                        of Days
 Counsel’s father’s illness, subsequent death,        8/1/2020       10/5/2020          66
 and funeral.
 “Counsel spent the following week in Georgia         10/7/2020      10/11/2020         5
 juggling 6 Social Security telephone hearings
 and appointments, all the while trying clean
 out his father’s belongings from the facility
 where he resided and handle his affairs.”
 “Counsel under the stress developed stomach          11/9/2020      11/9/2020          1
 illness requiring a colonoscopy of November          11/13/2020     11/13/2020         1
 9, 2020, and being absent on November 13,
 2020 due to stomach pain.”
 This was preceded by “scrambling to cover 16         10/19/2020     11/9/2020          22
 Social Security Disability hearings between
 October 19, 2020 and November 9, 2020
 upon his return to the office.”
 Counsel’s paralegal became sick with Covid           11/17/2020     12/8/2020          21
 in November 2020, left work on November
 17, 2020 and missed three weeks of work.
 “In December 2020, Dr. Rita McConn Stern             Unclear,       Unclear,           ~42
 became ill for 6 weeks from complications            sometime in    sometime in
 from a medical procedure.”                           12/2020        1/2021
 “On December 31, 2020, counsel and his wife          12/31/2020     2/1/2021           33
 both contracted Covid 19. Unfortunately,
 counsel developed bilateral viral pneumonia,
 missing the entire month of January returning
 to work in poor health in February 2021.”

                                                  6
        This list of “extraordinary circumstances” can be grouped into several categories: counsel’s
health, counsel’s personal family issues, counsel’s other work commitments, counsel’s paralegal’s
health, and Petitioner’s expert’s health. I find that three of these categories -- counsel’s other work
commitments, counsel’s paralegal’s health, and Petitioner’s expert’s health do not constitute
extraordinary circumstances that trigger the application of the equitable tolling doctrine.4 I briefly
address each in turn.

       Mr. Rogers was clearly busy the week of October 7 and between October 19 and November
9, 2020. However, being busy with other work commitments did not render him unable to perform
work on the case at bar. The prioritization of one case over another does not constitute an
extraordinary circumstance which prevented Petitioner from diligently pursuing her rights in the
Vaccine Program.

       Although counsel for Petitioner works in a small law office, composed of three attorneys
and five support staff members (Pet’r’s Br. at 4) the fact that one paralegal was sick for a three
week period of time did not prevent counsel from filing the petition in this case. A different
paralegal, Mr. Rogers, or one of the other attorneys could have drafted and filed the petition.

       Finally, while it can be helpful to file an expert report at the same time as the petition, it is
not required. The Vaccine Rules provide that the petition must set forth:

          (A) a short and plain statement of the grounds for an award of compensation, including:
                  (i) the name of the individual to whom the vaccine was administered;
                  (ii) the date and place of the vaccination;
                  (iii) a specific description of the injury alleged; and
                  (iv) whether the injury claimed is contained within the Vaccine Injury Table (see
                  “Guidelines for Practice Under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation
                  Program,” Attachment 8, posted on the court’s website at
                  www.uscfc.uscourts.gov); and
          (B) a specific demand for relief to which the petitioner asserts entitlement or a statement
          that such demand will be deferred pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §300aa- 11(e).

Appendix B, Vaccine Rules of the United States Court of Federal Claims, Rule 2(c)(1)(A-B).
Required attachments to the petition include medical records, affidavits, and proof of authority to
file in a representative capacity. Vaccine Rule 2(c)(2)(A-C). An expert report is not enumerated in
this list of required filings. Accordingly, Dr. Stern’s six week illness does not trigger the equitable
tolling doctrine in that the absence of an expert report did not prevent Petitioner from filing her
petition. In fact, she ultimately filed her petition without a report from Dr. Stern.

        There is no evidence that Mr. Rogers abandoned his client in the case at bar. Instead, this
circumstances of this case amount to “a garden variety claim of excusable neglect.” Holland, 130
S.Ct. at 2564. Ultimately, no evidence has been presented which suggests that the application of
the equitable tolling doctrine is appropriate in this case. There is no indication that any type of
fraud or duress occurred which prevented Petitioner from bringing her claim. Further, there is no

4
    Because the remaining categories do not add up to 120 days, I have not analyzed them.
                                                      7
indication in the record that Petitioner “diligently pursued h[er] rights, but that ‘some extraordinary
circumstances stood in h[er] way.’” Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 544 U.S. at 418.

       VI. Conclusion

        The petition in this case was filed more than 24 months after Mr. Giaccio’s death. Petitioner
has not justified the tolling of the statute of limitations.

       The case is hereby DISMISSED because it is barred by the statute of limitations. The
Clerk shall enter judgment accordingly.

       IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                               s/ Katherine E. Oler
                                                               Katherine E. Oler
                                                               Special Master

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