Court Opinion

ID: 9738833
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-26 20:03:53.811101+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:24:08.708700
License: Public Domain

Kelly, J.
(dissenting). Appellant’s contention that the trial judge’s ruling is contra to Elliott v. A. J. Smith Contracting Co., 358 Mich 398, is without merit, and Justice Black’s opinion (hereinafter referred to as the “opinion”) would allow the introduction of evidence of the defendant driver’s participation in previous accidents contrary to the statute. I, therefore, dissent.
After the case was at issue and after the pretrial conference, plaintiff sought leave to amend her declaration by adding the following paragraph:
“That a further proximate cause of said collision was the negligence of defendant Henry Peuler, Sr., in permitting defendant Henry J. Peuler to operate his aforesaid vehicle, when he knew that said Henry J. Peuler had been guilty of repeated traffic violations, had been involved in prior accidents, and had, shortly prior thereto, undergone a temporary suspension of his operator’s license for habitual negligence.”
The statute (CL 1948, § 616.1 [Stat Ann § 27.838]) provided that the trial court may permit amendments “for the furtherance of justice, on such terms as shall be just.” 
*248Appellant contends that the court’s failure to follow Elliott v. A. J. Smith Contracting Co., supra, constitutes a clear failure to exercise discretion, if not, in fact, an abuse of discretion.
The majority opinion in Elliott (the writer of this opinion wrote the dissenting opinion) was based on servants, agents, and employment of improper persons, and the majority opinion discloses that it was not an opinion deciding a question such as is presented in this appeal, as is evidenced by the following-quotation from that opinion (pp 413, 414):
“Appellant claims that the admission of evidence concerning its employee’s past driving record violated the following Michigan statute:
“ ‘No evidence of the conviction of any person for any violation of this chapter or of a local ordinance pertaining to the use of motor vehicles shall be admissible in any court in anv civil action.’ (CLS 1956, § 257.731 '[Stat Ann 1957 Cum Supp § 9.2431].) The above statute has not been previously construed by this Court.
“Even though we were to assume, without deciding, that in a negligence action against the driver himself, evidence of the type mentioned, supra,, is ‘evidence of the conviction’ of the driver and thus within the proscription of the legislature, such an assumption would not answer the problem here presented.
“The principal evils sought to be cured by the statute arise in this way: A driver has been convicted of a criminal offense in connection with a traffic accident. In addition, he is sued civilly with respect to the same accident. There is a danger that the civil jury might, if permitted, consider the criminal conviction as evidence of negligence in the civil action, or, in civil cases, that negligence in a prior case will be regarded as evidence of negligence in a later case. These, principally, are what the *249statute seeks to prevent. 3 Wigmore, Evidence (3d ed), § 987.
“We do not have such a case. Here the suit is brought not against the driver himself but against his employer on a totally different theory: his personal negligence in entrusting the operation of a truck to a person totally incompetent to handle it. See Tanis v. Eding, 265 Mich 94. Section 213 of the Restatement of Agency (2d), states the principle relied upon in the following terms:
“ ‘A person conducting an activity through servants or other agents is subject to liability for harm resulting from his conduct if he is negligent or reckless : * * *
“ ‘ (b) in the employment of improper persons or instrumentalities in ivork involving risk of harm to others.’ ”
The majority finding in Elliott that there is danger that “negligence in a prior ease will be regarded as evidence of negligence in a later case,” and is a danger “the statute seeks to prevent,” is in sharp contrast with appellant’s untenable position that “following the introduction of such evidence in this case, the jury should be instructed that the past record of the driver has no bearing upon his negligence in this particular accident, but that it is to be considered solely in determining whether or not the owner was negligent in entrusting the vehicle to him. This would allow the evidence for its proper purpose, but uphold the statute making such evidence inadmissible against the defendant driver.”
Such an instruction would not accomplish the purpose appellant claims for it, namely, insuring that the jury will not “consider the past record of the driver” as “bearing upon his negligence in this particular accident.”
We did not rule on the question presented in this appeal in Elliott, and the “opinion” I dissent from *250does not contradict this statement, as is disclosed by the paragraph in the “opinion” calling attention that Elliott merely allowed the jury to determine an employer’s negligence in employing an unfit truck driver; that the action was “solely against the employer and not against the employee truck driver,” and with a conclusion that we should go further in the present case now before us than we did in Elliott by the statement that “We do not conceive the rule there laid down to be confined solely to the employer-employee relationship.”
Appellant failed to disclose any reason why we should reverse the trial judge and the denial of the motion should be affirmed.
The “opinion” seeks to have this Court carry on from Elliott’s “employer-employee relationship” rule and for the first time include facts and relationships such as are presented in this appeal.
Before commenting upon the inadvisability of adopting such a course, I want to make it clear that if the majority so decide, I believe it would be unfair to claim the trial court erred in not anticipating in advance such a departure from the past.
The “opinion” endeavors to reconcile such action with the provisions of the statute by adopting a different interpretation of the statute than we did in Elliott, as is disclosed by the following from the “opinion”:
“Is the language of the statute so broad as to bar all evidence with regard to a driver’s past actions! We think not; The statute directs itself to ‘evidence of the conviction’ and nothing further. Conviction implies, and, in fact, is a judgment with regard to an occurrence that has taken place. This is undoubtedly the reason for the statutory prohibition. However, the facts of past occurrences are not barred by the statute.”
*251I cannot subscribe to a construction that the legislature deemed it necessary to prevent proof of a “judgment with regard to an occurrence that has taken place” by a duly authorized judicial officer after a fair hearing but saw no clanger in allowing the jury in a subsequent civil case to review all of the facts connected with a previous accident, and I contrast the new construction in the “opinion” with the more logical interpretation in Elliott, namely, that the statute seeks to prevent the possibility that evidence in a prior case will be considered as evidence in a later case.
The “opinion” grants to appellant the right to introduce proofs requested in her amendment and that includes proof that defendant driver “had been involved in prior accidents.” What is meant by this word “involved?” Does it mean the driver was at fault, or can it mean he was driving 1 of the automobiles that collided with another automobile? Are we approving a new type of trial where we call upon a jury to decide in 1 hearing responsibility for 2 or more accidents separated by 1 week, 1 month, or a period of time?
The legislative mandate,  using terms “any person,” “any' court,” “any civil action,” is very definite and very broad. Any change in this mandate should come from the legislature and not by judicial legislation. The trial court’s denial of plaintiff’s motion to amend did not constitute a failure to use discretion or an abuse of discretion.
The order should be affirmed. Costs to appellee.
Carr, C. J., and Dethmers, J., concurred with Kelly, J.
O’Hara, J., took no part in the decision of this case.