Court Opinion

ID: 1081348
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:48:20.942454+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:39:30.921920
License: Public Domain

FILED
          IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

                               AT NASHVILLE
                                                         May 21, 1999
                           FEBRUARY 1999 SESSION
                                                     Cecil W. Crowson
                                                    Appellate Court Clerk
STATE OF TENNESSEE,                  )
                                     )
             Appellee,               )      C.C.A. No. 01C01-9805-CR-00234
                                     )
vs.                                  )      Sumner County
                                     )
GEORGE MATTHEWS,                     )      Hon. Jane W. Wheatcraft, Judge
                                     )
             Appellant.              )      (Sentencing-Evading Arrest)

FOR THE APPELLANT:                          FOR THE APPELLEE:

DAVID ALLEN DOYLE                           JOHN KNOX WALKUP
District Public Defender                    Attorney General & Reporter

ZOE LAAKSO (sentencing)                     ELIZABETH B. MARNEY
Assistant Public Defender                   Assistant Attorney General
117 East Main St., Suite 2C                 425 Fifth Ave. N., 2d Floor
Gallatin, TN 37066                          Nashville, TN 37243-0493

REGAN L. RUDLAND (on appeal)                LAWRENCE RAY WHITLEY
Assistant Public Defender                   District Attorney General
117 East Main St., Suite 2C
Gallatin, TN 37066                          LYTLE ANTHONY JAMES
                                            Assistant District Attorney
                                            113 West Main Street
                                            Gallatin, TN 37066

OPINION FILED:________________

AFFIRMED

JAMES CURWOOD WITT, JR., JUDGE

                                  OPINION
                The defendant, George Matthews, appeals from his sentence imposed

for evading arrest,1 a Class E felony, in the Sumner County Criminal Court. The trial

court imposed a sentence of four years at 35 percent as a Range II offender to be

served in the Tennessee Department of Correction consecutively to a Davidson

County conviction. In this direct appeal, the defendant raises two issues: (1)

whether the trial court correctly sentenced the defendant to serve four years at 35

percent in the Department of Correction, and (2) whether the trial court properly

ordered the defendant to serve this sentence consecutively to Davidson County

case number 97-I-237. After a review of the record, the briefs of the parties, and

the applicable law, we affirm the sentence.

                The evidence of the circumstances of the offense was presented at

the sentencing hearing after the defendant pleaded guilty. On January 14, 1997,

the defendant was driving his vehicle at a speed of 80 miles per hour in a 50 mile

per hour zone. Officer Clark passed the defendant driving in the opposite direction

and turned to follow the defendant after clocking his speed. Officer Clark activated

his blue lights and drove beside the defendant. He observed the defendant’s

vehicle swerving through traffic and continuing to accelerate. They continued

driving for approximately a mile and a half until the defendant stopped his vehicle

and submitted to the arrest.

                At the time of sentencing, the 38-year old defendant had spent most

of his adult life in and out of confinement. The presentence report contained an

extensive criminal record. The defendant did not complete high school, but he

obtained a GED in 1981. He plans to start his own business of building pallets after

he is released.

       1
           Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-16-603 (1997).

                                          2
              When there is a challenge to the length, range, or manner of service

of a sentence, it is the duty of this court to conduct a de novo review of the record

with a presumption that the determinations made by the trial court are correct.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401(d) (1997). This presumption is “conditioned upon the

affirmative showing in the record that the trial court considered the sentencing

principles and all relevant facts and circumstances.” State v. Ashby, 823 S.W.2d
166, 169 (Tenn. 1991). “The burden of showing that the sentence is improper is

upon the appellant.” Id. In the event the record fails to demonstrate the required

consideration by the trial court, review of the sentence is purely de novo. Id. If

appellate review reflects the trial court properly considered all relevant factors and

its findings of fact are adequately supported by the record, this court must affirm the

sentence, “even if we would have preferred a different result.” State v. Fletcher, 805
S.W.2d 785, 789 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1991).

              In making its sentencing determination, the trial court, at the

conclusion of the sentencing hearing, determines the range of sentence and then

determines the specific sentence and the propriety of sentencing alternatives by

considering (1) the evidence, if any, received at the trial and the sentencing hearing,

(2) the presentence report, (3) the principles of sentencing and arguments as to

sentencing alternatives, (4) the nature and characteristics of the criminal conduct

involved, (5) evidence and information offered by the parties on the enhancement

and mitigating factors, (6) any statements the defendant wishes to make in the

defendant’s behalf about sentencing, and (7) the potential for rehabilitation or

treatment. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-210(a), (b) (1997); Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-

103(5) (1997); State v. Holland, 860 S.W.2d 53, 60 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1993).

              The record of the case at bar reflects that the trial court engaged in a

thorough review of the relevant principles and considerations. Accordingly, its

                                          3
determination is entitled to the presumption of correctness.

                                          I.

              In determining the sentence, the trial court enhanced the defendant’s

sentence by applying the following factors:

              (1) The defendant has a previous history of criminal
              convictions or criminal behavior in addition to those
              necessary to establish the appropriate range;

              (8) The defendant has a previous history of
              unwillingness to comply with the conditions of a
              sentence involving release in the community;

              (10) The defendant had no hesitation about committing
              a crime when the risk to human life was high.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-114(1), (8), (10) (1997).          The trial court found no

applicable mitigating factors and that the defendant was not amenable to

rehabilitation. Therefore, the court imposed the maximum sentence of four years.

The court ordered the defendant to serve this sentence consecutively to a Davidson

County sentence because he has an extensive criminal record and his behavior

indicated little or no regard for human life. The court found confinement to be

necessary in order to deter others likely to commit this type of offense and to avoid

depreciating the seriousness of the offense.

              The defendant claims the trial court based its application of

enhancement factor (1) on unreliable hearsay contained in the presentence report.

Specifically, the defendant argues that the court could not find that the defendant

had a prior criminal record unless the state had entered certified copies of the

judgments into evidence at the sentencing hearing. The defendant relies on State

v. Buck, 670 S.W.2d 600 (Tenn. 1984), for the proposition that computer print-outs

are unreliable hearsay and are not admissible. In Buck, the supreme court held that

“computer print-outs from the N.C.I.C. are not admissible as a substitute for certified

                                          4
copies of court convictions nor for any other purpose.” Buck, 670 S.W.2d at 607.

              However, as the defendant concedes, the presentence report is not

a computer print-out from the N.C.I.C. The preparer of this presentence report

testified that information contained in the presentence report was obtained from

various sources, including a computer print-out from the N.C.I.C. The defendant

objected to information derived from the N.C.I.C. computer print-out, and the trial

judge ordered this information to be stricken from the report. Therefore, any

information from the N.C.I.C. computer print-out was not considered by the trial

court.

              This court has consistently held the presentence report to be reliable

hearsay. See State v. Baker, 956 S.W.2d 8, 17 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997) (“[T]he

information [in a presentence report] is reliable because it is based upon the

presentence officer’s research of the records, contact with relevant agencies, and

the gathering of information which is required to be included in a presentence

report.”); State v. Dale Nolan, No. 01C01-9511-CC-00387, slip op. at 31-32 (Tenn.

Crim. App., Nashville, June 26, 1997); State v. Dewayne Foster, No. 01C01-9501-

CC-00008, slip op. at 6-7 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, Nov. 21, 1995); State v.

Richard J. Crossman, No. 01C01-9311-CR-00394, slip op. at 10-12 (Tenn. Crim.

App., Nashville, Oct. 6, 1994); State v. Richardson, 875 S.W.2d 671, 677 (Tenn.

Crim. App. 1993). In both Foster and Crossman, the defendants contended, as the

defendant does here, that certified copies of convictions are required to prove prior

criminal history. This court held that certified copies are not necessary to prove a

prior criminal history; therefore, courts could rely upon the presentence report in

finding a prior criminal history. Crossman, slip op. at 11-12. Most importantly, the

defendant had an opportunity at the sentencing hearing to challenge any

information contained in the presentence report as inaccurate or incorrect.

                                         5
              Excluding the N.C.I.C. computer print-out information, the defendant‘s

prior criminal history contained convictions for escape, theft of property, cocaine

possession, receipt of stolen property, and burglary in the second degree. Three

felony convictions were used to enhance the defendant to a Range II multiple

offender pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-106.                  The

remaining convictions were used to enhance the length of the defendant’s sentence

by applying enhancement factor (1). We find the trial court properly applied

enhancement factor (1).

              Next, the defendant contends that the trial court improperly applied

enhancement factors (8) and (10). Additionally, the defendant claims mitigation

factor (1), defendant’s conduct neither caused nor threatened serious bodily injury,

should apply to this case. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-113(1) (1997).

              The enhancement factor regarding high risk to human life applies to

evading arrest convictions when the circumstances warrant the application of this

factor. See State v. Virginia Ailene Gann, No. 01C01-9704-CC-00164, slip op. at

14 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, May 27, 1998); State v. James Ray Bartlett, No.

01C01-9509-CC-00302, slip op. at 14 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, Apr. 7, 1998);

State v. Wayne L. Hughes, No. 01C01-9502-CC-00033, slip op. at 16 (Tenn. Crim.

App., Nashville, June 20, 1996) (opinion on rehearing).          The defendant was

swerving in and out of traffic on a heavily traveled road. The traffic was light at the

time of this offense; however, the potential for an accident with serious bodily injury

was great, especially at the speed the defendant was driving. We agree with the

trial court that enhancement factor (10) applied under the circumstances of this

case.

              Regarding enhancement factor (8), the defendant contends that

                                          6
release on bond is not a release as part of a sentence, therefore enhancement

factor (8) is not applicable. The defendant contends that the trial judge based her

application of this factor on the fact that the defendant committed another offense

while on bail for the evading arrest offense. After a review of the sentencing hearing

and the presentence report, we find that the trial judge applied this factor on the

basis that the defendant had sentences involving community releases and he

continued to commit criminal offenses. The presentence report lists two previous

offenses for which the defendant was placed on supervised probation for one year.

During the probation period, the defendant committed three additional offenses.

Accordingly, enhancement factor (8) is applicable under these circumstances.

              The trial court found mitigation factor (1) to be inapplicable because

the defendant was involved in a high risk activity. The defendant’s conduct did not

cause serious bodily injury, but his conduct certainly threatened serious bodily

injury. The trial court properly found this mitigation factor to be inapplicable in

consideration of its finding that the defendant committed a crime with high risk to

human life.

              We find the length of the sentence imposed was appropriate given the

applicable enhancement factors and lack of any mitigating factors.

                                          II.

              The defendant challenges the imposition of consecutive sentencing.

Consecutive sentencing may be imposed in the discretion of the trial court upon a

determination that one or more of the statutory criteria exist. See Tenn. Code Ann.

§ 40-35-115(b) (1997). Consecutive sentences, however, should not be routinely

imposed even for the offender whose record of criminal activity is extensive. Tenn.

Code Ann. § 40-35-115, Sentencing Commission Comments; State v. Taylor, 739

                                          7
S.W.2d 227, 230 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1987); State v. Roscoe C. Smith, No. 01C01-

9502-CR-00031, slip op. at 10 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, Oct. 12, 1995). The

Sentencing Reform Act requires the application of the sentencing principles set forth

in the Act and a “principled justification for every sentence, including, of course,

consecutive sentences.” State v. Wilkerson, 905 S.W.2d 933, 938 (Tenn. 1995).

“The proof must also establish that the terms imposed are reasonably related to the

severity of the offenses committed and are necessary in order to protect the public

from further criminal acts by the offender.” Wilkerson, 905 S.W.2d at 938; Tenn.

Code Ann. § 40-35-102(1), (3)(B) (1997).

              The trial court found the defendant to be (1) “an offender whose

record of criminal activity is extensive” and (2) “a dangerous offender whose

behavior indicates little or no regard for human life, and no hesitation about

committing a crime in which the risk to human life is high.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-

35-115(b)(2), (4) (1997). The defendant reiterates his argument that the trial judge

relied on inadmissible hearsay in finding an extensive criminal history to support

consecutive sentencing. The Sentencing Act specifies that the court shall consider

the presentence report in determining the manner of sentencing. See Tenn. Code

Ann. § 40-35-210(b)(2) (1997). The presentence report contained information

regarding the defendant’s extensive criminal record. Therefore, the defendant is

subject to consecutive sentencing for this factor alone. Whether the defendant is

a dangerous offender need not be considered by this court because consecutive

sentencing may be imposed upon a finding of an extensive criminal history.

              The Wilkerson factors are satisfied by this record. Considering this

offense in addition to the Davidson County offense of unlawful possession of a

weapon, the aggregate sentence is reasonably related to the severity of the

offenses and is necessary to protect the public from further criminal activity by this

                                          8
defendant. This defendant has continually committed criminal offenses throughout

his adult life. He obviously is not amenable to rehabilitation, as the court below

found.

             In consideration of the foregoing and the record as a whole, the

sentence imposed by the trial court is affirmed.

                                         ________________________________
                                         JAMES CURWOOD WITT, JR., JUDGE

CONCUR:

_______________________________
DAVID G. HAYES, JUDGE

_______________________________
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, JUDGE

                                        9