Court Opinion

ID: 4537254
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-05-28 18:00:46.497872+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:42:33.872549
License: Public Domain

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
                                 File Name: 20a0297n.06

                                            No. 17-6507

                           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
                                                                                     FILED
  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                               )                   May 28, 2020
                                                          )               DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
          Plaintiff-Appellant,                            )
                                                          )
                                                                  ON APPEAL FROM THE
  v.                                                      )
                                                                  UNITED STATES DISTRICT
                                                          )
                                                                  COURT FOR THE EASTERN
  JASON S. MORGAN,                                        )
                                                                  DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE
                                                          )
          Defendant-Appellee.                             )
                                                          )

BEFORE: GRIFFIN, THAPAR, and READLER, Circuit Judges.

       PER CURIAM:

       In 2010, Jason Morgan pleaded guilty to being a felon in possession of a firearm, in

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). At the time, he had eight prior convictions in Tennessee state

court for aggravated burglary. Based on those convictions, the district court found that Morgan

qualified as an armed career criminal under 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1), which imposes a mandatory

minimum sentence of fifteen years if the defendant has at least three prior convictions “for a violent

felony or a serious drug offense, or both.” This court had previously held that “Tennessee

aggravated burglary represents a generic burglary capable of constituting a violent felony for

ACCA purposes.” United States v. Nance, 481 F.3d 882, 888 (6th Cir. 2007). The district court

imposed a sentence of 188 months of incarceration followed by five years of supervised release.

Morgan did not appeal.
No. 17-6507, United States v. Morgan

       Morgan eventually moved to vacate his sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. (R. 25.) After

the Supreme Court invalidated the residual clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act (“ACCA”)

as unconstitutionally vague, Morgan amended his petition to argue that his Tennessee aggravated

burglary convictions no longer qualified as ACCA predicates. See Johnson v. United States,

135 S. Ct. 2551 (2015). The government argued that those convictions qualified as violent felonies

under the ACCA’s enumerated-offense clause, which was “not call[ed] into question” in Johnson.

Id. at 2563. Then this court, sitting en banc, considered the statute of Morgan’s convictions and

held that it did not qualify as an ACCA predicate under the enumerated-offense clause because its

definition of the word “structure” was overbroad. United States v. Stitt, 860 F.3d 854, 862 (6th

Cir. 2017) (en banc). This had the effect of overruling Nance. In light of Johnson and Stitt, the

district court granted Morgan’s § 2255 motion, vacated his sentence, and resentenced him to time

served followed by three years of supervised release.

       Morgan’s victory, however, was “short-lived.” United States v. Hamilton, 774 F. App’x

283, 283 (6th Cir. 2019). The Supreme Court granted certiorari in Stitt and reversed. United States

v. Stitt, 139 S. Ct. 399, 404, 408 (2018). Perhaps anticipating this outcome, the government had

filed a timely notice of appeal after Morgan’s resentencing. After the Supreme Court’s opinion in

Stitt issued, the government requested that Morgan’s original sentence be reinstated because

“Nance’s holding . . . is once again the law of this circuit.” Brumbach v. United States, 929 F.3d

791, 794 (6th Cir. 2019), cert. denied, 140 S. Ct. 974 (2020).

       Morgan now argues that Tennessee’s aggravated burglary statute does not qualify as an

ACCA predicate, but for a different reason not considered by either court in Stitt. According to

Morgan, generic burglary under the ACCA “requires a generic ‘entry,’” and the Tennessee statute

defines “entry” to encompass attempted entries in addition to completed entries. As a result,

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No. 17-6507, United States v. Morgan

Morgan argues, Tennessee aggravated burglary does not fit within the generic offense of burglary

under the ACCA’s enumerated-offense clause. See United States v. Brown, 957 F.3d 679, 684

(6th Cir. 2020) (explaining the “subtle common-law distinction” on which this argument hinges).

       We need not dive too deep into Morgan’s argument, however, for two reasons. First,

“[e]ven if there is merit to [Morgan’s] arguments concerning Tennessee’s definition of entry, a

panel of this court cannot overrule Nance.” Brumbach, 929 F.3d at 795. Second, “[w]e have also

repeatedly rejected the argument since Brumbach.” Brown, 957 F.3d at 683. Most notably, in

Brown, we analyzed its merits, characterized the “entry-by-instrument distinction [as] perhaps the

prototypical ‘arcane distinction’ that Taylor would disavow,” and concluded that the Supreme

Court would not “adopt Brown’s view of generic ‘entry.’” Id. at 684–85 (quoting Taylor v. United

States, 495 U.S. 575, 593 (1990)). Because Morgan’s arguments are clearly foreclosed by

precedent, we need not remand this case for further consideration.

       We vacate Morgan’s modified sentence and remand with instructions to reinstate his

original sentence.

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