Court Opinion

ID: 2835696
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-02 20:04:24.542943+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:45:37.365443
License: Public Domain

Filed 9/2/15 In re Madison M. CA2/2

                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                                  DIVISION TWO

In re MADISON M., a Person Coming                                     B261489
Under the Juvenile Court Law.
                                                                      (Los Angeles County
                                                                      Super. Ct. No. DK06294)
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND
FAMILY SERVICES,

         Plaintiff and Respondent.

         v.

ALLISON M.,

         Defendant and Appellant.

         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. Marilyn
Kading Martinez, Commissioner. Affirmed.

         Christopher Blake, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.

         Mark J. Saladino, County Counsel, Dawyn R. Harrison, Assistant County Counsel,
and Jeanette Cauble, Deputy County Counsel for Plaintiff and Respondent.
       Allison M. (mother) appeals from a juvenile court judgment assuming jurisdiction
of her child, Madison M. (born December 2006), placing Madison in the custody of her
father and ordering monitored visits for mother.1 Mother challenges the juvenile court’s
order restricting her to monitored visits with Madison. We find that the juvenile court did
not abuse its discretion by ordering monitored visits in light of mother’s history of drug
use.
                 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
       The family in this case consists of mother, father and Madison. Mother and father
are divorced. At the time of the incidents described below, mother and father were
sharing joint custody of Madison. Madison would spend alternate weekends and every
Monday morning through Wednesday evening with father. Mother had physical custody
at all unspecified times but with a specified schedule for holidays.
       The family had six prior cases or referrals with the Los Angeles County
Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS). Five of the referrals were either
evaluated out, deemed inconclusive or deemed unfounded. However, a January 21, 2009
referral alleged that mother abused alcohol and prescription drugs. Mother had been
observed to be intoxicated while caring for Madison, and had displayed bizarre behavior
when she separated from father. The family agreed to participate in a voluntary family
maintenance case, which was closed on June 30, 2009, after father completed the family
preservation plan and mother tested negative for drugs.
Car accident June 12, 2014, and investigation
       Mother brought Madison to the emergency room on June 12, 2014, with a broken
femur. Mother stated that Madison had been hit by a car. Mother appeared intoxicated,
was very drowsy, and kept falling asleep. Mother was unable to explain the
circumstances of how Madison was hit by the car.
       When father arrived at the hospital, the DCFS social worker interviewed him.
Father stated that he and mother do not get along, and that one of the reasons he divorced

1      Madison’s father, Alex M. (father) is not a party to this appeal.

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her was her addiction to drugs. Father said mother abused crystal meth and prescription
medication in the past, and a DCFS case was opened in 2008. Father said mother had
cleaned up, but it appeared she had relapsed.
      Mother was interviewed by a social worker at approximately 1:00 a.m. at the
hospital. Mother appeared sober at the time, and did not smell of alcohol. Mother
reported that earlier she had been on Van Nuys Boulevard between Erwin and Sylvan.
Mother stated that she was at the Victim’s Assistance Program seeking resources because
she had been threatened by her neighbor, Alicia.2 Mother claimed that Alicia was
father’s girlfriend. Mother claimed she and Madison were crossing the street legally in a
crosswalk when a car came speeding towards them. Mother attempted to pull Madison
out of the way, but she went forward and was struck by the car.
      Mother stated she had been suffering from depression for the last five years --
since her split from father. She accused father of assaulting her and stalking her. Mother
is prescribed Prozac and Xanax, denied substance abuse, and denied any prior open cases
with DCFS.
      The social worker telephoned the hospital on June 13, 2014. It was reported that
mother had thrown up in the morning, stating she felt very sick and exhausted. Father
was at the hospital, and every hour, the parents were switching off seeing Madison
because they could not be in the same room together. A security guard was placed in
Madison’s room due to the parents’ behavior. The following day, the hospital social
worker reported again to DCFS that mother was throwing up but would not say why.
The child was to be discharged home with father with a cast on her leg on June 15, 2014.
      Mother was interviewed again at her home on June 17, 2014. Mother stated that
she was holding Madison’s hand when the accident happened, and that she had warned
Madison to stop walking ahead of her. She said the car appeared out of nowhere and
struck Madison. Mother denied a history of drug abuse or criminal arrests. There were
no safety threats in the home and there was an adequate supply of food.

2     Mother had filed a restraining order against Alicia, but the matter was dropped.

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          Mother denied she was under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the hospital, but
admitted currently taking Sudafed, Xanax, Tussin DM, Nyquil, steroids, Albuterol and
Advair. Mother said she was diagnosed with anxiety due to domestic violence with
father.
          On June 18, 2014, the DCFS social worker discovered that mother had tested
positive for amphetamines and methamphetamines on June 13, 2014. The social worker
checked and determined that none of mother’s prescription medications would have
resulted in a positive test for amphetamines and methamphetamines.
          The following day, the social worker and her supervisor visited mother. Mother
became flustered when they discussed the positive drug test, and denied using
amphetamines or methamphetamines. Mother brought up the possibility of a false result.
          The social worker received a traffic collision report regarding the motor vehicle
accident. The driver of the car that struck Madison said she observed an adult female
trying to cross the street mid-block. She applied the brake, but noticed a child running in
front of her car. She struck the child, then noticed that the female crossing the street mid-
block was the child’s mother.
          Police interviewed mother, who admitted that due to heavy traffic, she attempted
to cross the street mid-block with Madison. She said after they made it to the middle of
the road, Madison let go of her hand and ran in front of the car. Mother stated that she
shouted for Madison to stop, but Madison did not listen to her. A collateral witness also
stated that mother and Madison were attempting to cross the street mid-block. Another
witness observed Madison crossing the street, lane-by-lane in traffic.
          Father was again interviewed. Given his concerns about the accident, father had
driven by the intersection where the accident took place and stated that it was not a good
place to cross due to the heavy traffic and he believed the accident was avoidable. He
also believed that mother was under the influence of methamphetamines when he arrived
at the hospital on June 12, 2014. When the social worker inquired about the neighbor
Alicia, father confirmed that Alicia is not his girlfriend and that he has only spoken to her

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one or two times. Father believed that mother’s recent use of methamphetamine had
caused her to lose weight and made her absentminded.
       On June 23, 2014, mother tested negative for drugs. Father also tested negative
for drugs.
       On July 7, 2014, DCFS obtained a removal warrant detaining Madison from
mother.
Section 300 petition and detention hearing
       On July 11, 2014, DCFS filed a petition on behalf of Madison pursuant to Welfare
& Institutions Code section 300.3 The petition, as amended, contained one allegation
against mother under section 300, subdivision (b) (failure to protect):
               “The child Madison[]’s mother . . . has a history of substance abuse
       including prescription medication and tested positive for methamphetamine
       the day after she caused the child to jaywalk on a busy public street
       resulting in the child being struck by an on-coming vehicle. The child
       sustained a left distal femur fracture. Hospital staff opined that mother
       appeared under the influence. Such a detrimental and endangering situation
       established for the child by the mother endangers the child’s physical health
       and safety and places the child at risk of physical harm and danger.”

       The initial hearing took place on July 11, 2014. Both parents appeared and were
appointed counsel. Father was found to be the presumed father of Madison. The court
found that there was a substantial danger to Madison if left with mother, and ordered that
Madison be released to father.
Jurisdiction/disposition report
       The jurisdiction/disposition report was filed August 15, 2014. DCFS reported that
Madison was now walking with crutches and a leg brace. She stated that she was happy
living with father, but wanted to be with both parents. She denied any knowledge of
mother using drugs or alcohol, and denied being neglected by mother. In describing the
accident, Madison reported that she and mother had been crossing in the middle of the
street, and that her hand slipped out of mother’s hand when she was hit by the car.

3      All further statutory references are to the Welfare & Institutions Code.

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       Mother continued to deny that she had a drug problem, and insisted that the
positive drug test was for Sudafed. However, mother enrolled in a drug treatment
program through Kaiser and was attending Narcotics Anonymous meetings. Mother was
attending therapy with Dr. Nichols, who reported that mother was making good progress
in dealing with her clinical depression. Mother continued to take Xanax and Prozac,
which she claimed to have been taking since Madison was born. Mother now admitted
that due to traffic congestion, she and Madison decided to walk a little outside of the
crosswalk.
       Father reported that he and mother married in 2003 and he first started having
suspicions about her drug use in 2008 when they were on a cruise. At the time, the two
separated and went through a voluntary family maintenance case. Father reported that
when mother called father from the hospital to report that Madison was in an accident,
father panicked and mother stated “Oh stop being a drama queen” and hung up the phone
on him.
       Mother had been receiving regular monitored visits with Madison, which were
going well. Mother continued to deny any drug use or drug history. Father remained
concerned about mother’s drug use.
       Based on the investigation, DCFS concluded that the child and the mother were
jaywalking at the time of the accident that caused Madison’s injury. Mother denied that
they were jaywalking and explained Madison’s injury as “only one injury” which was an
indication of mother’s nonchalant attitude regarding the incident. Mother denied any
drug problems and continued to insist that her positive drug test was a result of Sudafed.
Despite mother’s compliance with all programs during the 2008 case, the new case
presented similar problems and mother was in denial regarding her drug use. DCFS took
the position that mother should accept responsibility as to her drug abuse in order to fully
benefit from the programs she was attending. DCFS asked that the petition be sustained.
However, because Madison was safe in father’s home, DCFS recommended that
jurisdiction be terminated granting father sole physical custody, with joint legal custody
per the current family law order.

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Jurisdiction hearing
       At the hearing on December 15, 2014, mother offered documents from her
therapist and drug treatment programs. She also offered the results of drug tests. All of
the documents were entered into evidence. Mother’s therapist, Dr. Nichols, wrote a letter
expressing her belief that it was in Madison’s best interest to be able to be with her
mother without restricted visits. Dr. Nichols also had the opportunity to be involved in a
conjoint counseling session with the family and everything had gone well. Dr. Nichols
had observed loving interaction between mother and Madison. Mother had participated
in regular group and individual drug treatment sessions between August and October
2014. Mother’s drug screens were all negative for amphetamines. Mother had entered
Tarzana Treatment Center on October 30, 2014, and had been testing weekly with
negative results.
       The DCFS social worker testified that she had monitored two visits between
mother and Madison, and observed mother engaging in inappropriate conversations with
Madison, including referring to when and if Madison came home to mother’s house. In
addition, the social worker observed mother whispering to Madison during the first visit,
but mother stopped after the social worker told her it was inappropriate. The social
worker had never observed mother to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol, but
father had informed the social worker that he was concerned because mother had slurred
her speech and been nonresponsive during monitored telephone contact. The social
worker testified that mother still did not believe that she had a substance abuse issue, and
did not take responsibility for the accident.
       Dr. Nichols testified that she had been seeing mother weekly since July.
Dr. Nichols stated that mother had taken full responsibility for the accident. Mother had
said she wished she had never walked across the street without being in a crosswalk.
Dr. Nichols was aware that mother had tested positive for methamphetamine, but she
believed mother when she said that it was because she was taking Sudafed. Dr. Nichols
did not observe mother to have any addiction issues during the therapy sessions.

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Dr. Nichols stated that mother and Madison were very close and bonded, and that she did
not believe there should be any restrictions during visits.
       The matter was continued to January 6, 2015, for argument. Following argument,
the juvenile court found true by a preponderance of the evidence the allegations of the
amended petition, and declared Madison to be a child described by section 300,
subdivision (b).
       At the dispositional phase of the proceeding, the juvenile court announced its
decision to maintain jurisdiction of Madison, with family maintenance services for father
and services for mother including drug rehabilitation, random testing, conjoint counseling
with Madison, and individual counseling. The court strongly recommended that mother
enter therapy with a new therapist, so that she could “perhaps be able to acknowledge that
she was using illegal substances at or about the time of the accident, that she was not
sufficiently coherent and that led to her making, what she said, is the worst decision or
mistake of her life.” The juvenile court felt “[t]hat is what we are lacking here.”
       Mother’s visits were to remain monitored, with DCFS discretion to liberalize.
       On January 9, 2015, mother filed a notice of appeal from the findings and orders
of the court on January 6, 2015.
                                       DISCUSSION
       Mother’s sole claim of error on appeal is that the trial court abused its discretion in
requiring supervised visitation between mother and Madison rather than unmonitored
visitation.
I. Standard of review
       An order setting visitation terms is reviewed for abuse of discretion. (In re
Michael B. (1992) 8 Cal.App.4th 1698, 1704.) Visitation should be as frequent as
possible, consistent with the well-being of the child. (§ 362.1, subd. (a)(1)(A)). The
juvenile court must balance the rights of the parent with the best interest of the child. (In
re John W. (1996) 41 Cal.App.4th 961, 973-974; In re Jennifer G. (1990) 221 Cal.App.3d
752, 757.) A visitation order may not jeopardize the safety of the child. (§ 362.1, subd.
(a)(1)(B).)

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       An abuse of discretion does not occur unless the juvenile court has exceeded the
limits of legal discretion by making an arbitrary, capricious or patently absurd
determination. (In re Tamneisha S. (1997) 58 Cal.App.4th 798, 806.) When applying the
abuse of discretion test, the reviewing court should reverse only if no judge could have
reasonably made the order being challenged. (In re Jasmine D. (2000) 78 Cal.App.4th
1339, 1351.)
II. The juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in making the visitation order
       In this case, mother’s actions placed Madison in an extremely dangerous situation,
causing a severe injury to the child. At the time the juvenile court made the visitation
order, mother had yet to acknowledge methamphetamine use, despite a positive test for
this drug following the accident. Mother not only denied that she had a substance abuse
problem at the time of the accident, she denied that she ever had a substance abuse
problem. However, contrary to mother’s statements, the record shows that she not only
had a substance abuse problem in the past but that it led to prior involvement by DCFS.
       DCFS and the trial court were concerned with mother’s failure to admit to drug
use and failure to admit that drug use caused the danger to Madison. The juvenile court
noted that mother has a history of substance abuse and has been in treatment programs
since the case began. The court further explained:
              “I must take the history and the occurrence of the accident, the
       positive test the day after the accident, the opinions of medical
       professionals on the day of the accident . . . . I don’t have sufficient
       evidence that [mother] accepts responsibility of reasonably likely being
       under the influence on the day of the accident.”

       The court felt that mother failed to acknowledge that “not only did she make a
terrible mistake and use poor judgment, she likely was impaired in her thinking or
cognition from drugs given the positive test and the opinions of medical staff.”
       The juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in ordering monitored visitation
under the circumstances. Mother’s failure to acknowledge her own drug use leaves open
the possibility that she might use drugs again with Madison in her care. This in turn

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leaves open the possibility that mother might put Madison in another dangerous situation.
In short, mother’s insistence that she will never jaywalk again does not address the more
critical problem, which is her drug use.
       The juvenile court was clearly concerned for Madison’s safety in the care of
mother given that mother continued to deny any substance abuse problem, past or
present. Under the circumstances, it was within the juvenile court’s discretion to order
monitored visits.
                                     DISPOSITION
       The judgment is affirmed.
       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS.

                                                 ____________________________, J.
                                                 CHAVEZ
We concur:

__________________________, P. J.
BOREN

__________________________, J.
HOFFSTADT

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