Court Opinion

ID: 9348534
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-12-20 14:05:07.189944+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:43:47.757886
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

                                       2022-NCCOA-787

                                           No. COA22-240

                                    Filed 6 December 2022

     Brunswick County, No. 18 JA 110

     IN THE MATTER OF: T.D.N.

              Appeal by Respondent-Mother from an order entered 16 September 2021 by

     Judge Pauline Hankins in Brunswick County District Court. Heard in the Court of

     Appeals 21 September 2022.

              Mark L. Hayes, for Respondent-Mother.

              Jane R. Thompson, for Brunswick County Department of Social Services,
              Petitioner-Appellee.

              N.C. Administrative Office of the Courts Guardian ad Litem Program, by
              Michelle FormyDuval Lynch, for Guardian ad Litem.

              WOOD, Judge.

¶1            Respondent-Mother appeals the modification of a permanency planning order

     that terminated efforts to reunite Mother with her child. We hold competent evidence

     supports the trial court’s factual findings, but certain factual findings, legal

     conclusions, and decrees are materially inconsistent. We vacate and remand the

     order.

                                      I.     Background
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¶2         On 24 February 2017, Todd1 was born to Mother and Father. Todd has medical

     diagnoses which affect his development such that he experiences seizures and

     requires constant medical attention.

¶3         On 18 November 2019, Brunswick County Department of Social Services

     (“DSS”) visited Mother’s home after receiving a concerning report that Mother had

     been impaired while caring for Todd. While DSS was at Mother’s home, Mother was

     not able to stand without support, spoke with slurred speech, and was not able to

     properly focus. Mother was belligerent toward DSS, Father, and law enforcement,

     who soon arrived upon the request of DSS. DSS later took custody of Todd and

     removed him from the home.

¶4         On 27 November 2019, the trial court continued nonsecure custody of Todd

     with DSS and ordered Mother to have a minimum of one hour supervised visitation

     with Todd every week. The trial court further ordered Mother to work with DSS to

     develop a case plan to “allow her to be intricately [sic] involved in the child’s care.”

¶5         On 12 December 2019, the trial court conducted another nonsecure custody

     hearing and continued custody with DSS. The trial court ordered Mother to cooperate

     with medical staff at Duke Hospital where Todd frequently was seen due to his

     developmental diagnoses.

           1   A pseudonym is used here to protect the identity of the child.
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¶6         On 31 March 2020, the trial court adjudicated Todd a neglected juvenile.

     Mother stipulated that she was not able to properly care for or supervise the child at

     the time of the 18 November 2020 incident and that she “created an environment

     injurious to the welfare of the juvenile.”     The trial court cited Mother’s mental

     instability as a contributing factor in the initial adjudication order. This same day,

     the trial court entered a disposition order. The trial court ordered Todd to remain in

     the legal and physical custody of DSS.          Mother and Father were permitted

     unsupervised time with Todd for four and a half hours every day. DSS was ordered

     to pursue reunification efforts between Todd and his parents while they worked to

     comply with their case plans. The case plans had Father and Mother pursue mental

     health treatment, cooperate with Todd’s in-home nursing staff, re-establish

     occupational and speech therapy services for Todd, and dispose of Todd’s expired

     prescription medications.

¶7         On 19 August 2020, the trial court entered a review order and authorized DSS

     to begin a trial home placement with Mother. However, on 30 October 2020, the trial

     court entered a permanency planning order which modified Mother’s contact with

     Todd due to concerns about her ability to properly supervise or care for him by herself

     following a home visit by a DSS worker on 30 September 2020. On that day, a DSS

     worker visited the home and observed Todd alone in the living room. Mother was

     nowhere to be seen, and, after forty-five minutes of repeated attempts to have
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       someone answer the door, the DSS worker gained entry with the aid of law

       enforcement. Mother was found asleep in her bed while Todd stood in hot bathwater.

       When Mother came-to, she was “incoherent” and “had to brace herself while walking.”

       Until this incident, DSS recommended that Mother should receive custody of Todd at

       the next hearing. The trial court ordered Todd could remain in Mother’s home but

       that Mother “shall be supervised at all times around [Todd] by an individual vetted

       and approved by the Department.” DSS had in-home nursing care provide nineteen

       hours of supervision while Father supervised five hours after he finished work for the

       day. At this point, Todd remained in DSS’ custody and reunification with Mother

       remained a primary plan.

¶8           Shortly after the previous incident, Mother enrolled in a twelve-week drug

       rehabilitation program. Todd was removed from Mother’s home and placed in a foster

       home on 12 November 2020, while Mother was absent. Todd remained in foster care

       after Mother’s return.

¶9           On 31 December 2020, the trial court ordered DSS to arrange for Todd to

       participate in a developmental screening. This was necessary so that DSS could

       coordinate daycare services for Todd; however, Mother refused to consent to the

       screening.

¶ 10         On 11 January 2021, the trial court entered another permanency planning

       order which relieved DSS of reunification efforts with Father, largely due to Father
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       not having housing and his unwillingness to participate in services to assist him in

       finding housing. However, Father was still permitted to visit with Todd unsupervised

       and was allowed to serve as a respite provider. Todd’s foster parents noted Todd

       “struggled with engaging with the other children and appears to lack social skills”

       but believed that he could excel if placed in a program with proper assistance and

       training. Todd bit other children in the home. He was not permitted to be placed in

       a daycare due to Mother’s objections to immunizations for religious reasons. He was

       subsequently placed in the home of a married couple without other children where

       the foster parents noticed that Todd appeared to struggle with separation anxiety.

       Mother was able to participate in shared parenting with these providers. At this

       time, Mother was willing to attend an inpatient treatment program so that she could

       work to regain her ability to properly care for Todd. The trial court noted that Mother

       was making adequate progress with her case plan and was cooperating with the

       court, DSS, and the Guardian ad Litem. However, the trial court did not return

       custody of Todd to Mother “as it is contrary to the juvenile’s health and safety,

       however, it may be possible within the next six months, provided his parents are able

       to satisfactorily complete the requirements of the Family Services Case Plan and

       demonstrate an ability to provide proper care for the child.” Thus, Todd remained in

       DSS’ legal and physical custody.

¶ 11         On 18 February 2021, the trial court entered another permanency planning
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       order maintaining Todd in the custody of DSS and reinstating reunification efforts

       with Father. The court noted that Todd was currently residing in his fourth foster

       home but that there were no concerns about his well-being. Mother, at this time, was

       able to visit with Todd for a minimum of one hour per week and remained opposed to

       immunizing him. The court noted that during a visit, Mother became concerned

       about a diaper rash and accused the social worker of sexually abusing Todd. The

       caregiver took him to the doctor and confirmed that Todd merely suffered from a

       diaper rash. The trial court noted that Mother was “relentlessly” calling Todd’s foster

       parents from 9:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m. and questioning and criticizing their care of Todd.

       DSS reported that she had done this with other placement providers as well. These

       incidents took place almost one year after Mother participated in a comprehensive

       clinical assessment on 13 March 2020. The assessment recommended that Mother

       take part in an outpatient program “to manage depressive symptoms and anxiety.”

¶ 12         On 20 May 2021, the trial court entered an order denying DSS’ request to have

       Todd vaccinated because he was enrolled in a daycare that did not require

       vaccinations.   Mother remained opposed to Todd receiving any vaccinations for

       religious reasons and from fear that, due to his Epilepsy and other medical issues, he

       might suffer greater harm.

¶ 13         During the hearing, a medical expert testified that he did not see a problem

       with Todd receiving vaccinations, but he would not vaccinate Todd against Mother’s
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       wishes. On this same day, the trial court entered another permanency planning

       order. The order did not materially alter the prior order except that visitation with

       the parents was modified, and the trial court noted that Mother continued to call the

       foster parents at odd hours of the night and had called Todd to tell him that he would

       be coming home with her that day.

¶ 14         On 16 September 2021, the trial court entered another permanency planning

       order and eliminated reunification with the parents as a permanent plan due to

       inadequate progress in their case plan to address the issues that led to Todd coming

       into the custody of DSS. In its order, the trial court referenced several incidents

       tending to show Mother had not demonstrated mental stability and was no longer

       cooperating with DSS. For instance, Mother accused the foster parents of not feeding

       Todd and claimed he was losing weight, although his pediatrician confirmed his

       weight gain. Mother “would not allow the nursing staff to complete required tasks,

       like evaluating [Todd’s] vitals.” Mother missed therapy appointments and tested

       positive for Fentanyl on 19 July 2021. The trial court found concerns about Mother’s

       use of her prescribed medications due to DSS’ report. Additionally, Mother and

       Father continued to raise suspicions with Todd’s placement and said that Todd “will

       die in foster care.” In another instance, Mother falsely alerted the hospital that Todd

       had been kidnapped and pointed to bruises on his body which she claimed were needle

       marks. She alleged that he had been subjected to abuse. The examining doctor did
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       not notice any issues but ordered a chest and pelvic X-Ray due to Mother’s concerns.

       Mother, at one point, called 911 to have an officer visit Todd’s placement provider to

       perform a welfare check at approximately midnight before also contacting a detective

       with concerns about her son. An anonymous report from “[Mother’s] friend” was

       made to the Horry County Abuse and Neglect Hotline alleging abuse to Todd. Mother

       claimed that Todd had a broken rib before an X-Ray revealed otherwise. Mother

       eventually revoked her consent to allow Columbus County Schools to conduct a child

       development assessment of Todd so that he could enter kindergarten. In sum, the

       trial court noted generally that Mother had “not demonstrated mental stability” and

       was “minimally cooperating with the Department and the Guardian ad Litem.”

¶ 15         The trial court ordered Mother and Father to continue with their case plans,

       Mother to cooperate with medical service providers, and Mother to “participate in a

       psychological assessment that includes a parental capacity assessment.” The trial

       court noted that Todd was now four years old and in his sixth foster home, had

       learned some sign language, and was potty trained. Although the daycare had not

       reported any concerns during pick-up and drop-off, DSS expressed concerns that

       Mother returned Todd to the caretaker numerous times naked or wearing pullups,

       although being potty trained.

¶ 16         The trial court made findings about many other occurrences to support its

       finding that Mother had not demonstrated mental stability and was no longer
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       cooperating with DSS. Finally, the court found that

                    51. Continued efforts toward reunification clearly would
                    be unsuccessful, futile, inconsistent and contrary to the
                    health, safety and best interests of the child to secure a
                    safe, stable home within a reasonable period of time and
                    the Department should continue to be relieved of same.

                    52. That legal custody of the juvenile cannot be returned
                    to the parents today as it is contrary to the juvenile’s health
                    and safety, however, it may be possible within the next six
                    months, provided his parents are able to satisfactorily
                    complete the requirements of the Family Services Case
                    Plan and demonstrate an ability to provide proper care for
                    the child.

¶ 17         Upon these findings, the trial court relieved DSS of reunification efforts and

       established the new concurrent plan, “the primary plan being custody with a court-

       approved caregiver and the secondary plan being guardianship.”

¶ 18         On 14 December 2021, Mother filed a timely notice of appeal of the permanency

       planning order alleging that material portions of the order were improperly

       contradictory and that several findings of fact were not supported by competent

       evidence.

                                   II.   Standard of Review

¶ 19         We review a permanency planning order to determine “whether there is

       competent evidence in the record to support the findings and whether the findings

       support the conclusions of law.” In re J.T., 252 N.C. App. 19, 20, 796 S.E.2d 534, 536

       (2017) (quoting In re P.O., 207 N.C. App. 35, 41, 698 S.E.2d 525, 530 (2010)). “If the
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       trial court’s findings of fact are supported by any competent evidence, they are

       conclusive on appeal.” Id. Conclusions of law are reviewed de novo. Id.

                                      III.     Discussion

¶ 20         After a child is adjudicated neglected and the court orders an initial

       disposition, the court holds review or permanency planning hearings. N.C. Gen. Stat.

       § 7B-906.1(a) (2021). At the conclusion of each permanency planning hearing, the

       court must make specific findings as to the best permanent plan to achieve a safe,

       permanent home for the juvenile within a reasonable period of time. Id. By statute,

                    [r]eunification shall be a primary or secondary plan unless
                    the court made written findings under G.S. 7B-901(c) or
                    G.S. 7B-906.1(d)(3), the permanent plan is or has been
                    achieved . . . , or the court makes written findings that
                    reunification efforts clearly would be unsuccessful or would
                    be inconsistent with the juvenile’s health or safety.

       N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-906.2(b) (emphasis added). Since here the trial court did not

       make findings pursuant to sections 7B-901(c) or 7B-906.1(d)(3) and did not conclude

       that the permanent plan was unachieved, we look to see if the trial court made

       “written findings that reunification efforts clearly would be unsuccessful or would be

       inconsistent with the juvenile’s health or safety.” Id. We note here that the trial

       court did appropriately make both findings. Within this framework, we now consider

       Mother’s arguments.

       A. Material Contradictions

¶ 21         Mother first argues that several findings, conclusions, and decrees materially
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       contradict others within the trial court’s order. As with orders terminating parental

       rights,

                    [i]t is not unusual for an order . . . to include both favorable
                    and unfavorable findings of fact regarding a parent’s
                    efforts to be reunited with a child, and the trial court then
                    weighs all the findings of fact and makes a conclusion of
                    law based upon the findings to which it gives the most
                    weight and importance.

       In re A.B., 239 N.C. App. 157, 166, 768 S.E.2d 573, 578 (2015). Such competing

       findings are not forbidden and should be encouraged. See In re A.B. J.B., 245 N.C.

       App. 35, 47, 781 S.E.2d 685, 693 (2016). However, this Court cannot uphold an order

       supported by findings which “are actually antagonistic, inconsistent, or contradictory

       such that the reviewing court cannot ‘safely and accurately decide the question.’ ”

       Spencer v. Spencer, 70 N.C. App. 159, 168, 319 S.E.2d 636, 643-44 (1984) (quoting

       Lackey v. Hamlet City Bd. of Ed., 257 N.C. 78, 84, 125 S.E.2d 343, 347 (1962)).

¶ 22         Here, Mother specifically challenges findings of fact 24 and 52, conclusion of

       law 4, and decrees 5 and 8. She claims these writings are irreconcilable with the

       cessation of reunification efforts.

                    [Finding] 24. There are continued concerns regarding
                    medications that [Mother] is currently taking, and the
                    Department would like for [Mother] to receive a medication
                    evaluation.

                    [Finding] 52. That legal custody of the juvenile cannot be
                    returned to the parents today as it is contrary to the
                    juvenile’s health and safety, however, it may be possible
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                    within the next six months, provided his parents are able
                    to satisfactorily complete the requirements of the Family
                    Services Case Plan and demonstrate an ability to provide
                    proper care for the child.

                    [Conclusion] 4. [Mother] should make her best efforts to
                    fully comply with the goals and objectives of her case plan.

                    [Decree] 5. The Respondent parents are ordered to work
                    with the social worker, the placement providers and the
                    treatment team at Duke in a productive manner moving
                    forward.

                    [Decree] 8. [Mother] shall participate in a psychological
                    assessment that includes a parental capacity assessment.

¶ 23         Competent evidence in the record supports finding of fact 24. Though Mother

       urges this Court to consider the contradictory nature of DSS’ recommended

       medication evaluation when reunification efforts have ceased, the trial court is not

       prohibited from noting DSS’ concerns. Although DSS is seeking to be relieved of

       reunification efforts with Mother, nothing precludes Mother from continuing to

       address DSS’ and the trial court’s concerns in an attempt to ultimately reunify with

       her child. The court did not order termination of mother’s parental rights. It changed

       “the primary plan [to] custody with a court-approved caregiver and the secondary

       plan [to] guardianship.”

¶ 24         Finding of fact 52, on the other hand, is troubling. Immediately preceding this

       finding, in finding 51, the trial court writes, “[R]eunification clearly would be

       unsuccessful [and] futile.” This finding is necessary before the trial court may allow
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DSS to cease reunification efforts with the parents in accordance with N.C. Gen. Stat.

§ 7B-906.2(b) (2021) (“Reunification shall be a primary or secondary plan unless the

court . . . makes written findings that reunification efforts clearly would be

unsuccessful . . . .”). In finding 52, by contrast, the court states that reunification

“may be possible within the next six months.” A finding that “reunification clearly

would be unsuccessful [and] futile” and a finding that reunification “may be possible

within the next six months,” are materially contradictory. Reunification cannot be

both futile and possible. This contradiction amounts to more than a mere clerical

error and cannot be reconciled with the previous finding in order to relieve DSS of

reunification efforts. See In re A.S., 275 N.C. App. 506, 511, 853 S.E.2d 908, 912

(2020); In re A.P.W., 378 N.C. 405, 2021-NCSC-93, ¶ 31 (“the trial court satisfied the

substance of N.C.G.S. § 7B-906.2(b) by finding that ‘[i]t is not possible for the children

to be returned to the home of a parent or within the next six months and it would be

contrary to the children’s health and safety and their general welfare to be returned

to the home of a parent.’ ”). Certainly, reunification “efforts” by DSS could be “futile”

based on mother’s uncooperative history but be “possible” if Mother changes her

behaviors. We emphasize, however, that a permanency planning order directs the

efforts of DSS—not the efforts of Mother to regain reunification. In re E.A.C., 278

N.C. App. 608, 2021-NCCOA-298, ¶ 37. Though “[t]he focus of [Section 7B-906.2(b)]

is on the actions of the parents,” In re J.M., 276 N.C. App. 291, 2021-NCCOA-92, ¶
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       24, the permanency planning order must direct DSS “to make efforts toward

       finalizing the primary and secondary permanent plans.”           N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-

       906.2(b) (2021).

¶ 25         Also in finding 51, the trial court states that DSS should “continue” to be

       relieved of reunification efforts when the prior primary plan had been reunification.

       Standing alone, this apparent oversight might be considered clerical error or needless

       “surplusage” as the Guardian ad Litem suggests. Yet, taken together, “the internal

       inconsistencies of the order go far beyond” this one issue, and we cannot ignore it. In

       re A.B., 239 N.C. App. 157, 167, 768 S.E.2d 573, 579 (2015).

¶ 26         Contrary to the Guardian ad Litem and DSS’ contention, this case is

       distinguishable from In re M.T.-L.Y.          In that case, the mother also alleged a

       contradiction in the findings of fact.

                    In finding of fact 30, the trial court found that “[t]here is a
                    slim likelihood of reunification with [Mother] within the
                    next six months as [she] may have completed some of the
                    court ordered requirements in [Virginia],” but “has failed
                    to provide verification of this to date.” (emphasis added).
                    But finding of fact 33 determined that “[Mother is] not
                    making adequate progress within a reasonable period of
                    time under the plan.”

       In re M.T.-L.Y., 265 N.C. App. 454, 467, 829 S.E.2d 496, 505 (2019). This Court did

       not take issue with the apparent contradiction when “the trial court was merely

       performing its statutory mandate in determining the likelihood of reunification
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       between [the child] and Mother in the following months” consistent with the

       requirements of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-906.1(e)(1). Id. at 467, 829 S.E.2d at 506. More

       specifically, this Court held that the finding could not have been contradictory

       because “partially performing a required condition does not necessarily preclude a

       conclusion that the performance is inadequate.” Id. Here, by contrast, the finding

       that reunification efforts would clearly be unsuccessful and futile and DSS’ release

       from all reunification efforts most certainly would thwart the possibility of Mother

       being reunited with her child given the court’s findings about her mental health

       instability.

¶ 27          Concerning conclusion of law 4, a decision that Mother should continue with

       her case plan could be perceived as contradictory because, by removing reunification

       efforts as a primary plan, it does not follow that Mother should continue to pursue a

       case plan as if reunification were still an objective. However, DSS is the party

       relieved of making reunification efforts, not she. If Mother still desires to reunify

       with her child before a permanent plan is achieved, then it follows that she should

       continue to comply with her case plan to correct the conditions which led to the

       removal of her child from her home.

¶ 28          As to decree 5 that orders Mother to work with the social workers, placement

       providers, and hospital staff, DSS was relieved of reunification efforts, but Mother is

       still afforded visitation. In order to effectuate visitation or to be able to participate
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       in Todd’s medical treatment, she will necessarily need to work with the social worker,

       placement providers, and hospital staff. Again, DSS was relieved of making efforts

       toward reunification, but that does not preclude Mother from making her own efforts,

       as she is able, to “possibly” reunify with her child.

¶ 29         We agree, however, with Mother’s contention that decree 8 is contradictory at

       this stage of the proceedings.       The trial court ordered Mother to undergo a

       psychological evaluation that includes a parental capacity assessment. Mother has

       been working with DSS for four years and has undergone mental health evaluations.

       This evaluation specifically would have Mother also complete a “parental capacity

       assessment.” Such an evaluation would be unnecessary if reunification were no

       longer a goal. Further, the trial court did not make a finding that such an evaluation

       would be in the child’s best interest. If reunification were still the goal, then a

       presumption could be made that Mother completing the evaluation would be in the

       child’s best interest. As the DSS worker noted in her testimony, this evaluation would

       “give us some guidance regarding the best and most appropriate permanent plan.”

       Paradoxically, by ordering the evaluation, the trial court held that such measure

       might aid in a reunification determination while simultaneously holding that

       reunification was futile.

¶ 30         DSS and the Guardian ad Litem argue that these apparent inconsistencies

       amount to mere clerical errors and that the overwhelming majority of the trial court’s
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       findings logically support the conclusion that reunification efforts should cease.

       Clerical error, in this context, “is an error resulting from a minor mistake or

       inadvertence, especially in writing or copying something on the record, and not from

       judicial reasoning or determination.” In re A.S., 275 N.C. App. 506, 511, 853 S.E.2d

       908, 912 (2020) (quoting In re R.S.M., 257 N.C. App. 21, 23, 809 S.E.2d 134, 136

       (2017)). For the reasons outlined above, it is not clear to us that the trial court’s

       inclusion of findings 51 and 52 and decree 8 was the result of “a minor mistake or

       inadvertence.”

                                         IV.     Conclusion

¶ 31         Because the trial court’s findings and decrees contain irreconcilable

       contradictions to the trial court’s cessation of reunification as a permanent plan, we

       vacate and remand to the trial court for further consideration and findings not

       inconsistent with this opinion.

             VACATED AND REMANDED.

             Judge TYSON concurs.

             Judge CARPENTER concurs in part and dissents in part by separate opinion.
        No. COA22-240 – In re T.D.N.

             CARPENTER, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part.

¶ 32         I respectfully disagree with my colleagues in holding that finding of fact 51 and

       finding of fact 52 collectively constitute a “material contradiction,” requiring the trial

       court’s order to be vacated and remanded.          Furthermore, I disagree with the

       majority’s reason for vacating decree 8. Therefore, I dissent in part. I would hold

       finding of fact 52 is unsupported by the evidence, and the remaining findings and the

       record support the trial court’s cessation of reunification efforts. In addition, I would

       hold the trial court erred in entering decree 8 because it did not find that T.D.N.’s

       best interests require Respondent-Mother to undergo a psychological evaluation.

¶ 33         North Carolina General Statute § 7B-906.2(b) governs when reunification

       efforts may be eliminated by the trial court:

                    Reunification shall be a primary or secondary plan unless
                    the court made written findings under [N.C. Gen. Stat. §]
                    7B-901(c) or [N.C. Gen. Stat. §] 7B-906.1(d)(3), the
                    permanent plan is or has been achieved in accordance with
                    subsection (a1) of this section, or the court makes written
                    findings that reunification efforts clearly would be
                    unsuccessful or would be inconsistent with the juvenile’s
                    health or safety. The finding that reunification efforts
                    clearly would be unsuccessful or inconsistent with the
                    juvenile’s health or safety may be made at any permanency
                    planning hearing, and if made, shall eliminate
                    reunification as a plan.

       N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-906.2(b) (2021) (emphasis added).

¶ 34         In this case, the trial court made finding of fact 51, which is sufficient to

       eliminate reunification as a plan, pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-906.2(b). Finding
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                            Carpenter, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part

       of fact 51 provides: “Continued efforts toward reunification clearly would be

       unsuccessful, futile, inconsistent and contrary to the health, safety, and best interests

       of the child to secure a safe, stable home within a reasonable period of time and [DSS]

       should continue to be relieved of same.” In conclusion of law 7, the trial court relieved

       DSS of reunification efforts with Respondent-Parents. The trial court then set the

       new primary plan for the juvenile as custody with a court-approved caregiver and the

       new secondary plan as guardianship.

                                V.    Challenged Findings of Fact

¶ 35            In considering Respondent-Mother’s argument that finding of fact 51 and

       finding of fact 52 are inconsistent, the majority concludes “[a] finding that

       ‘reunification clearly would be unsuccessful [and] futile,’ and a finding that

       reunification ‘may be possible within the next six months,’ are materially

       contradictory” because “[r]eunification cannot be both futile and possible.” Based in

       part on this apparent discrepancy, the majority has chosen to vacate and remand the

       order in its entirety. Because I conclude the record and the remaining findings leave

       no doubt as to the trial court’s intention to cease reunification efforts, I would affirm

       the order in part. For reasons discussed in section II, I would vacate decree 8 of the

       order.

¶ 36            First, I acknowledge finding of fact 8 addresses the possibility of Respondent-

       Parents obtaining physical custody in the next six months and provides in pertinent
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                           Carpenter, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part

       part: “In accordance with [N.C. Gen. Stat. §] 7B-906.1(e)(1), it is not possible for the

       juvenile to be returned to his parents within the next 6 months due to the inadequate

       progress towards the case plan in addressing the concerns that have led to [DSS’s]

       involvement.”   Respondent-Parents do not challenge finding of fact 8, and it is

       therefore “binding on appeal.” See In re T.N.H., 372 N.C. 403, 407, 831 S.E.2d 54, 58

       (2019).

¶ 37         On the other hand, finding of fact 52 addresses the possibility of Respondent-

       Parents obtaining legal custody in the next six months:

                    That legal custody of the juvenile cannot be returned to the
                    parents today as it is contrary to the juvenile’s health and
                    safety, however, it may be possible within the next six
                    months, provided his parents are able to satisfactorily
                    complete the requirements of the Family Services Case
                    Plan and demonstrate an ability to provide proper care for
                    the child.

¶ 38         Our Juvenile Code sets forth the dispositions the trial court may order: “At any

       review hearing, the court may maintain the juvenile’s placement under review or

       order a different placement, appoint an individual guardian of the person pursuant

       to [N.C. Gen. Stat. §] 7B-600, or order any disposition authorized by [N.C. Gen. Stat.

       §] 7B-903 . . . .” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-906.1(d1) (2021).

¶ 39         The grant of legal custody to the juvenile’s parents, while physical custody

       remains with DSS or another placement, is not a disposition authorized under N.C.

       Gen. Stat. § 7B-906.1, nor is it an alternative disposition allowed under N.C. Gen.
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                                             2022-NCCOA-787

                           Carpenter, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part

       Stat. § 7B-903. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-906.1(d1); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-903 (2021).

       Therefore, the trial court erred in making two findings, which taken together, support

       a disposition not permitted by statute. See In re H.S.F., 177 N.C. App. 193, 202, 628

       S.E.2d 416, 422 (concluding the trial court’s grant of physical custody to the juvenile’s

       parent and order of physical placement with the juvenile’s grandfather was not

       permitted by the Juvenile Code), disc. rev. denied, 360 N.C. 534, 633 S.E.2d 817

       (2006).

¶ 40         DSS and the guardian ad litem both cite In re Brenner for the proposition that

       this Court can affirm an order containing inconsistencies where “[t]he record resolves

       the conflict” and no other result could follow from the evidence and remaining

       findings. 83 N.C. App. 242, 254, 350 S.E.2d 140, 148 (1986). There, two findings of

       fact, which our Court deemed conclusions of law, were “in direct conflict.” Id. at 254,

       350 S.E.2d at 148. We affirmed the trial court’s decision where the record left no

       doubt as to the trial court’s intentions. Id. at 254, 350 S.E.2d at 148.

¶ 41         Here, like In re Brenner, “[t]he record resolves the conflict” because finding of

       fact 52 is not supported by competent evidence and is inconsistent with finding of fact

       8 and numerous other findings made by the trial court. See id. at 254, 350 S.E.2d at

       148. It is clear the trial court did not intend to consider granting Respondent-Parents

       legal custody of T.D.N. within the next six months where the remaining findings

       support the cessation of reunification with Respondent-Parents and where the trial
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                                            2022-NCCOA-787

                          Carpenter, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part

       court found Respondent-Parents could not obtain physical custody of T.D.N. in the

       next six months. Moreover, at the conclusion of the 11 August 2021 permanency

       planning hearing, the trial court orally announced extensive findings, supporting its

       decision to cease reunification efforts with Respondent-Parents. The trial court noted

       it had “some serious concerns in th[e] matter,” and made specific findings relating to

       Respondent-Mother’s actions during the pendency of the case, including “her

       attempts to sabotage placement” and her making false reports concerning T.D.N.’s

       welfare. It also made findings regarding Respondent-Parents’ non-compliance with

       their case plans. The trial court expressly found legal and physical custody would

       remain with DSS. Contrary to written finding of fact 52, the trial court did not find

       at the hearing that T.D.N. may be returned to Respondent-Parents within the next

       six months. Therefore, I conclude finding of fact 52 is unsupported by competent

       evidence in the record. See In re J.T., 252 N.C. App. 19, 20, 796 S.E.2d 534, 536 (2017)

       (“This Court’s review of a permanency planning order is limited to whether there is

       competent evidence in the record to support the findings and whether the findings

       support the conclusions of law.”).

                                          VI.     Decree 8

¶ 42         Next, the majority concludes the trial court’s mandate for Respondent-Mother

       to undergo a psychological evaluation, including a parental capacity assessment,

       “would be unnecessary if reunification were no longer a goal.” Because the trial court
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                                              2022-NCCOA-787

                          Carpenter, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part

       did not satisfy the statutory requirement of determining the best interests of the

       juvenile, I would not reach the issue of whether the court’s mandate for Respondent-

       Mother to complete a psychological evaluation was needed.

¶ 43         North Carolina General Statute § 7B-904 governs the trial court’s authority

       over parents of a juvenile adjudicated as abused, neglected, or dependent. N.C. Gen.

       Stat. § 7B-904 (2021). In order for the trial court to order a parent to complete a

       psychological evaluation, it must “determine whether the best interests of the

       juvenile require” such an assessment. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-904(c).

¶ 44         In this case, the trial court’s written order is silent as to whether T.D.N.’s best

       interests require Respondent-Mother to complete a psychological evaluation.

       Therefore, the trial court did not fulfill the statutory requirement of N.C. Gen. Stat.

       § 7B-904(c). Accordingly, I would vacate decree 8.

                                       VII.     Conclusion

¶ 45          I agree with the majority that finding of fact 24 is supported by the evidence

       and that conclusion of law 4 is supported by findings of fact. Additionally, I agree

       that the trial court did not error in entering decree 5. I disagree with the majority’s

       conclusion that finding of fact 51 and finding of fact 52 create an “irreconcilable

       contradiction,” requiring this Court to vacate the entire order. I conclude finding of

       fact 52 is unsupported by the evidence. Further, I conclude the trial court erred in

       entering decree 8 because it did not determine that T.D.N.’s best interests require
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                                     2022-NCCOA-787

                   Carpenter, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part

Respondent-Mother to undergo a psychological evaluation. Accordingly, I would

vacate only decree 8 and affirm the rest of the permanency planning order. As such,

I concur in the majority’s opinion in part and dissent in part.