Court Opinion

ID: 4562010
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-09-01 19:00:38.839931+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:52:10.219877
License: Public Domain

Case: 19-13424    Date Filed: 09/01/2020   Page: 1 of 9

                                                            [DO NOT PUBLISH]

               IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                        FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                          ________________________

                                No. 19-13424
                            Non-Argument Calendar
                          ________________________

                    D.C. Docket No. 6:18-cv-00079-PGB-DCI

LORI PARKER,

                                                              Plaintiff - Appellant,

                                      versus

ANNETTE EVELINE PARKER,
ANNETTE EVELINE PARKER,
as Trustee for the Annette Eveline Parker Trust,
JOHN IRWIN PARKER, JR.,

                                                           Defendants - Appellees.
                          ________________________

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Middle District of Florida
                         ________________________

                               (September 1, 2020)

Before MARTIN, BRANCH, and FAY, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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       Lori Parker, proceeding pro se, appeals the grant of summary judgment and

dismissal of her amended complaint alleging that her stepmother and brother used

fraud to deprive her of her inheritance. On appeal, she argues that the district court

abused its discretion by denying her motion for additional discovery and erred by

dismissing her amended complaint and granting summary judgment to defendants.

She also challenges the denial of her motion to compel discovery for failure to

comply with Middle District of Florida Local Rule 3.01(g), which requires parties

to confer with opposing counsel before filing certain motions. Also before us is

the defendant-appellees’ motion for sanctions. After careful review, we affirm the

district court and deny the motion for sanctions.

                                              I.

       In November 2018, Lori Parker filed an amended complaint against her

brother, John Irwin Parker, Jr.; her stepmother, Annette Eveline Parker; and her

stepmother’s trust (together, “Defendants”). The complaint asserts, in sum and

substance, that Defendants conspired to defraud Lori of assets she was entitled to

inherit from her father, John Irwin Parker, Sr., upon his death in 2002. 1 It alleges

that, in 2014, John Jr. confessed to taking part of the inheritance that John Sr. had

left for Lori, though he did not tell her the nature or value of the assets. The

       1
        Because all parties share the same surname, we will address them here as “Lori,”
“Annette,” “John Jr,” and “John Sr.”
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complaint says that, to do so, John Jr. and Annette made false representations to

the holders of her father’s accounts that they were his only two legal heirs, thereby

depriving Lori of her inheritance. John Jr. and Annette then engaged in a

conspiracy to conceal from Lori that she was the beneficiary of certain assets. And

they used the fraudulently obtained portions of the inheritance to purchase a beach

home and vacation property. Based on these facts, the complaint alleges a number

of instances of fraud, conversion, fraudulent concealment, civil conspiracy, and

fraudulent conveyance and conversion.

      Defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint. While that motion

was pending, the parties proceeded with discovery. After conducting depositions

of John Jr. and Annette, Lori moved for an order compelling discovery answers

and holding Defendants in contempt for asserting privacy grounds to object to, and

refuse to answer, numerous deposition questions. Lori claimed that, by refusing to

answer her questions on privacy grounds, Defendants violated the magistrate

judge’s prior order denying Defendants’ motion to stay discovery and for a

protective order. She asked the magistrate judge to order Defendants to answer

questions regarding her father’s “medical or financial affairs.” She also asked that

the discovery deadline be extended so she could depose John Jr. and Annette a

second time. The magistrate judge denied Lori’s motion for failure to comply with

Middle District of Florida Local Rule 3.04(a). This rule requires that motions to

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compel discovery include, among other things, quotations of the deposition

question at issue, the objection and response, and the reason why the motion

should be granted. See M.D. Fla. R. 3.04(a).

      Lori filed an amended motion to compel discovery. The magistrate judge

denied this motion as well. First, it held that Lori failed to comply with Middle

District of Florida Local Rule 3.01(g), which requires that, before filing a motion,

parties confer with opposing counsel in a good faith effort to resolve the issues

raised therein. M.D. Fla. R. 3.01(g). Second, it held that the motion to compel

was not timely because it was filed after the discovery deadline. Finally, it

addressed the merits of Lori’s motion to compel answers to her interrogatory and

request for production seeking documents identifying persons and entities with

whom Annette communicated regarding the distribution of John Sr.’s assets. The

magistrate judge rejected Lori’s contention that Annette should have, but did not,

disclose as witnesses Merrill Lynch, Wachovia Bank, PNC Bank, and Navy

Federal Credit Union. The magistrate judge accepted Annette’s response to the

motion to compel certifying that she did not have documents responsive to that

request and did not believe those institutions had information relevant to the

lawsuit. After finding that Lori failed to show Annette’s answers were insufficient,

the magistrate judge stated that the court could not “compel something that does

not exist.”

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      Lori objected to the magistrate judge’s order, pursuant to Federal Rule of

Civil Procedure 72(a), and the district court convened a hearing. At the hearing,

the district court ordered discovery reopened for the limited purpose of requesting

origination documents, signature cards, and changes in beneficiary for accounts

held by John Sr. at Merrill Lynch, Wachovia, PNC, or Navy Federal at the time of

his death, if such accounts existed. The district court decided to inspect these

documents in camera. If the documents indicated a change in beneficiary

involving Lori, then they were to be disclosed to her.

      The district court reviewed the responsive records and found no evidence

supporting Lori’s claims. It then granted Defendants’ motion to dismiss and

motion for summary judgment. It held that the amended complaint “fails to allege

essentially all of the critical details of Defendants’ alleged conspiracy to steal

[Lori’s] inheritance.” Because the complaint did not allege “the location of the

accounts, when they were looted, how the theft was executed, and what became of

the proceeds,” the district court found its “general accusations” were not plausible.

It also held Defendants were entitled to summary judgment because Lori failed to

produce evidence necessary for a reasonable jury to find in her favor on any claim.

      Lori timely appealed.

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                                          II.

      We review for abuse of discretion the denial of a motion to compel

discovery. Josendis v. Wall to Wall Residence Repairs, Inc., 662 F.3d 1292, 1306

(11th Cir. 2011). We review the denial of a motion for failure to comply with local

rules for abuse of discretion. Quick v. Peoples Bank of Cullman Cnty., 993 F.2d
793, 798 (11th Cir. 1993). We review de novo the grant of summary judgment and

the dismissal of a complaint for failure to state a claim. Hill v. White, 321 F.3d
1334, 1335 (11th Cir. 2003) (per curiam). We liberally construe the filings of pro

se litigants. Mederos v. United States, 218 F.3d 1252, 1254 (11th Cir. 2000).

                                          III.

      Liberally construed, Lori argues that the district court abused its discretion

by denying her Rule 72(a) appeal of the magistrate judge’s order denying her

motions to compel discovery. She argues that the information she sought was not

protected by the right to privacy set out in the Florida Constitution, Article I, § 23.

And she argues the district court erred in denying her motion to compel on the

basis of Local Rule 3.01(g), which she says imposes a “futile” requirement on

litigants. None of these arguments are persuasive.

      We need not address Lori’s arguments regarding the right to privacy under

the Florida Constitution because neither the district court nor the magistrate judge

relied on the right to privacy in denying Lori’s motion to compel discovery.

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Rather, the magistrate denied her motion because it was untimely; because Lori did

not comply with Local Rule 3.01(g); and because Lori failed to provide convincing

evidence that Defendants’ answers were not responsive to her discovery requests.

While Defendants raised the Florida right to privacy as the basis of their objections

to deposition questions, that was not the court’s basis for denying Lori’s motions to

compel. This issue is therefore not properly before us.

      We also see no abuse of discretion in the denial of Lori’s motion to compel

for failure to comply with Local Rule 3.01(g). Liberally construed, Lori’s

argument is that Local Rule 3.01(g) is futile and unduly burdensome on litigants,

because it requires them to “expend . . . time and money . . . on a conference for a

motion for sanctions that will never be agreed to by the other party no matter what

is discussed.” Br. of Appellant at 19. We reject this argument.

      A majority of district judges in a district court may adopt and amend local

rules governing court practice after giving public notice and opportunity for

comment. Fed. R. Civ. P. 83(a). Those rules must be “consistent with—but not

duplicate—federal statutes and rules.” Id. Here, Local Rule 3.01(g) states that,

before filing a motion, “the moving party shall confer with counsel for the

opposing party in a good faith effort to resolve the issues raised by the motion.”

Nothing in this rule is inconsistent with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or

any federal statute. Neither are we persuaded that this requirement is “futile,” even

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when a party seeks to move for sanctions, as Lori argues. Such conferences might

serve to resolve disputes between the parties and eliminate the necessity of seeking

sanctions in the first instance. And, to the extent Lori challenges the application of

Local Rule 3.01(g) to her motions for sanctions and to compel discovery, there is

nothing in the record suggesting that the magistrate judge abused its discretion in

finding that Lori failed to meet this requirement.

       Lori also argues that the district court erred in granting Defendants’ motions

to dismiss and for summary judgment. The only argument she raises in her

opening brief 2 in support of this is that she was “blocked during discovery from

acquiring the evidence she needed to prove her case.” Br. of Appellant at 14. As

we have explained, Lori has not shown that the lower court erred in denying her

motion to compel further discovery. Accordingly, we also reject her argument that

the district court erred in granting Defendants’ motions to dismiss and for

summary judgment.

                                                IV.

       Defendants have also filed a motion for this Court to impose sanctions

against Lori. They argue Lori’s appeal is frivolous because it is devoid of merit

and “avoid[s] discussion of every reason the lower court ruled against her.”

       2
         “[W]e do not address arguments raised for the first time in a pro se litigant’s reply
brief.” Timson v. Sampson, 518 F.3d 870, 874 (11th Cir. 2008) (per curiam).
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Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 38 authorizes courts of appeals to impose

sanctions against “appellants who raise clearly frivolous claims in the face of

established law and clear facts.” Farese v. Scherer, 342 F.3d 1223, 1232 (11th Cir.

2003) (per curiam) (quotation marks omitted). However, this Court has been

reluctant to impose sanctions on pro se appellants, even when their appeals are

plainly frivolous. See Woods v. IRS, 3 F.3d 403, 404 (11th Cir. 1993) (per

curiam) (holding that sanctions pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 38 were inappropriate

because, while the appeal was frivolous, it was brought pro se). This Court has

imposed sanctions on pro se appellants, but usually after they received a warning

from the lower court that the issues on appeal were frivolous. See Ricket v. United

States, 773 F.2d 1214, 1216 (11th Cir. 1985) (per curiam). Here, Lori received no

advance notice from the district court that her appeal was frivolous. And in any

event, we cannot say her appeal was so frivolous as to merit sanctions. Indeed, the

district court partially granted her Rule 72 motion and allowed for additional,

limited discovery before granting Defendants’ motions to dismiss and for summary

judgment. We therefore conclude that sanctions are not warranted here.

                                         V.

      For these reasons, we AFFIRM the district court and DENY Defendants’

motion for sanctions.

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