Court Opinion

ID: 1002998
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-07-04 18:19:15.143617+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:11:28.686545
License: Public Domain

UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                 FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

J. B. PINER; JUDY BROWN; STEPHEN         
C. BYRD; WILLIAM CLEMMONS;
THOMAS E. GRADY; NORMAN HORNE;
STEVENS MCLEAN; JEFFERY L.
STEALER; C. D. STOKES; JAMES H.
WEBB; LARRY WHITLEY, on behalf of
themselves and all others similarly
situated,
                Plaintiffs-Appellants,             No. 00-1082
                  v.
E. I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS &
COMPANY; THE BOARD OF
BENEFITS AND PENSIONS OF E. I.
DUPONT DE NEMOURS; DUPONT
PENSION AND RETIREMENT PLAN,
              Defendants-Appellees.
                                         
            Appeal from the United States District Court
     for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Wilmington.
                    James C. Fox, District Judge.
                           (CA-99-48-7-F)

                       Argued: September 25, 2000

                       Decided: November 14, 2000

       Before WIDENER and LUTTIG, Circuit Judges, and
      Jackson L. KISER, Senior United States District Judge
    for the Western District of Virginia, sitting by designation.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
2                          PINER v. DUPONT
                             COUNSEL

ARGUED: Fred Thurman Hamlet, Sr., Greensboro, North Carolina,
for Appellants. James Patrick McElligott, Jr., MCGUIRE, WOODS,
BATTLE & BOOTHE, L.L.P., Richmond, Virginia, for Appellees.
ON BRIEF: David F. Dabbs, MCGUIRE, WOODS, BATTLE &
BOOTHE, L.L.P., Richmond, Virginia, for Appellees.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).

                              OPINION

PER CURIAM:

   Piner, et al., ("appellants") sued their employer, E.I. DuPont De
Nemours and Company ("DuPont"), for alleged violations of the Fed-
eral Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"),
29 U.S.C. § 1001 et seq., on claims related to DuPont’s implementa-
tion of an enhanced benefits plan, the Voluntary Separation Program
Prime ("VSP Prime"), in which appellants were not selected to partic-
ipate. The district court granted summary judgment for DuPont. For
the reasons that follow, we affirm.

                                   I.

   Appellants are employees and former employees of DuPont’s Cape
Fear facility in Leland, North Carolina. All appellants are participants
in DuPont’s tax-qualified pension plan, the Pension and Retirement
Plan ("P&RP"), which provides pension and other benefits, including
retiree health benefits, for eligible employees. These participants are
entitled to a pension benefit calculated in accordance with defined
formulas based on length of service, age at retirement, and average
monthly pay.

  DuPont began downsizing its workforce and, in order to encourage
early retirements and separations, the company implemented —
                           PINER v. DUPONT                           3
within the P&RP — several incentive voluntary separation programs
("VSPs"). The purpose of these VSPs was to reduce positions at the
Cape Fear site by encouraging employees to separate or retire early.
The VSPs were implemented by plan amendments to the P&RP and
were part of, and funded by, the P&RP Trust. Any qualified employee
"who voluntarily elect[ed] to retire or separate under the incentive
program provided" by the VSPs contained within the P&RP received
enhanced severance benefits (if not entitled to early retirement bene-
fits), or, for "qualified employees who meet the age and service
requirements for an Optional Retirement," enhanced pension benefits.
J.A. 191-92.

   While ERISA itself does not include non-discrimination rules, the
VSP benefits were required to comply with the complex non-
discrimination rules applicable under section 401(a)(4) of the Internal
Revenue Code because the P&RP is a tax-qualified retirement plan.
As such, VSP benefits were limited to a non-discriminatory group of
employees. Consequently, DuPont could not utilize the VSPs within
the P&RP to encourage the separation or early retirement of all
employees it wished to separate voluntarily.

   In order to provide enhanced benefits that could not be offered
under the P&RP or its VSPs, DuPont created "VSP Prime," offered
at "management discretion," J.A. 110, 113, for "designated employ-
ees," J.A. 110; see also J.A. 118 (summary plan description). Unlike
the original VSPs, VSP Prime did not involve a plan amendment to
the P&RP and was not part of the P&RP. Rather, VSP Prime was an
entirely separate plan, intended for application in those instances
where use of the regular VSPs was "inappropriate/impossible," but
where DuPont nonetheless wanted to further downsize its workforce
to eliminate excess employees. J.A. 111. Employees selected to par-
ticipate in VSP Prime also remained participants in the P&RP, and
retained the defined pension benefits they had accrued under the
P&RP.

   After appellants were not selected to participate in VSP Prime, they
filed suit complaining that the "benefits and features of ‘VSP Prime’
were not made known or available to all Cape Fear employees,"
Appellants’ Br. at 8, and that VSP Prime was funded by the P&RP.
4                           PINER v. DUPONT
The district court disagreed and granted summary judgment to
DuPont.

                                   II.

   Appellants argue that the district court erred in granting summary
judgment to DuPont on their ERISA claims. Repeating their claims
made before the district court, they contend that DuPont breached its
fiduciary duty under section 404(a)(1)(D) of ERISA to administer
retirement plans for the "sole and exclusive benefit of the participants
and beneficiaries," by granting enhanced pensions to select upper
management employees through the VSP Prime plan and by funding
the VSP Prime plan with funds from the P&RP Trust. J.A. 15-18.
Appellants further claim that DuPont’s failure to provide VSP Prime
plan documents violates the requirement under section 104(b)(4) of
ERISA that an administrator "shall upon written request of any partic-
ipant or beneficiary" furnish the summary plan description and "other
instruments under which the plan is established or operated."

   The district court held that the claim under section 404(a)(1)(D) of
ERISA did not survive summary judgment because VSP Prime was
"by its terms and in fact, a separate benefit paid from general corpo-
rate assets [so that] there is no factual predicate to support the [appel-
lants’] substantive ERISA claim." J.A. 292. Moreover, because it was
undisputed that appellants are not participants in VSP Prime, the dis-
trict court held that the claim for statutory penalties under section
104(b)(4) also failed because appellants lacked standing to demand
documents related to VSP Prime, and because the circumstances did
not warrant the imposition of statutory penalties with regard to the
P&RP documents. We agree with the district court.

                                   A.

   We address first appellants’ contention that the "discriminatory"
availability of VSP Prime somehow constitutes a breach of ERISA.
Appellants offer no authority for this argument, a fact which is hardly
surprising given that ERISA nowhere requires that benefits offered to
some employees must be offered to all employees or even that a pen-
sion be provided at all. Rather, ERISA requires only that an employee
be provided those benefits set forth in the pension plan in which he,
                            PINER v. DUPONT                             5
or she, is a participant. While appellants are participants in the P&RP,
appellants were not selected to participate in VSP Prime. Accord-
ingly, appellants have no "right" — statutory, contractual, or other-
wise — to the enhanced benefits provided by VSP Prime. Moreover,
appellants fail to articulate how, if at all, the fact that some employees
received enhanced benefits under VSP Prime affects the benefits to
which appellants are entitled under P&RP. ERISA simply does not
prohibit an employer from offering some employees and not others
access to separate, additional plans with enhanced benefits. Conse-
quently, appellants wholly fail to allege any redressable injury result-
ing from the selective availability of VSP Prime.

   Furthermore, while appellants allege in their complaint that VSP
Prime was funded by the P&RP Trust, J.A. 16, this unsupported alle-
gation is directly contradicted both by DuPont’s affidavits and by the
VSP Prime documents. Appellants’ claim that VSP Prime is funded
by the P&RP Trust rests entirely on language in a memorandum
regarding the VSP Prime incentive at J.A. 111, which states in perti-
nent part that "[i]ncentive is paid from operating expense and regular
accrued benefit from the Pension Trust." Appellants contend that this
reference to payment of accrued benefit from the Pension Trust
creates a genuine issue of material fact because it is in conflict, they
insist, with the affidavit of Anne M. Cole, DuPont’s Manager of Ben-
efits, which states "VSP Prime benefits were paid from DuPont’s gen-
eral corporate assets or operating funds." J.A. 140.

   Even assuming a facial conflict between these two statements, a
conflict we do not concede, the need to resolve actual conflicts and
ambiguities in the light most favorable to the party opposing summary
judgment does not require that we afford language a meaning
divorced from relevant facts in order to create an ambiguity. And, as
the record makes clear, VSP Prime, by its own terms, does not pro-
vide a "regular accrued benefit," so that the only accrued benefits paid
from the P&RP Trust were those required and payable under the
terms of the P&RP. These accrued benefits from the P&RP are rele-
vant to VSP Prime only insofar as they are used as a figure from
which the VSP Prime incentive is calculated and adduced:1 VSP
  1
   Furthermore, the VSP Prime plan summary clearly states that the
lump sum payments are "not from a qualified plan" (which the P&RP is),
6                          PINER v. DUPONT
Prime pays an amount that is "the actuarial equivalent of [an employ-
ee’s] pension benefit determined under Section XI of the Pension and
Retirement Plan, less the normal pension benefit determined under the
Pension and Retirement Plan." J.A. 118.

   In final clarification of the difference between the VSP incentive
on the one hand, and accrued benefit under the P&RP on the other,
VSP Prime provides only a lump sum payment, payable in one or two
installments, as an incentive for the early separation and retirement of
employees specifically invited to participate. It is not, and does not
purport to be, a pension plan paying any "regular accrued benefit."2
J.A. 118-19. Consequently, appellants’ reliance on a passing reference
to accrued benefits under the Pension Trust as singular evidence that
the VSP Prime is funded by the Pension Trust is, at best, misplaced.
We need not, and do not, consider such unsupported speculation as
evidence of a controverted fact sufficient to withstand summary judg-
ment. See Ash v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 800 F.2d 409, 411-12 (4th
Cir. 1986). Ergo, we agree with the judgment of the district court that
there is no evidence that VSP Prime is funded by the P&RP Trust
and, for the reasons stated above, we affirm the grant of summary
judgment to DuPont on appellants’ claim for breach of fiduciary duty
under section 404(a)(1)(D) of ERISA.

                                  B.

   Appellants also contend that the district court erred in failing to
award them statutory penalties under section 104(b)(4) of ERISA for
DuPont’s failure to provide requested documents. However, the
claims under section 104(b)(4) lack at least one factor necessary for

compare J.A. 25 with J.A. 150, that VSP Prime is "in addition to any
pension rights for which the employee may be eligible," J.A. 118, and
that "the payment under this Program is payable from the Company’s
general assets, not from the P&RP Pension Trust Fund." J.A. 118-19.
  2
    It remains undisputed that "[t]here was no enhancement for VSP
Prime participants to any benefit paid from the DuPont Pension and
Retirement Plan (P&RP) Trust. VSP Prime participants remained eligible
for the same benefits under the P&RP that they were eligible for without
regard to VSP Prime, no more, no less." J.A. 140 (Affidavit of Anne
Cole).
                           PINER v. DUPONT                             7
relief, and the district court clearly acted within its discretion. For,
while section 104(b)(4) requires that, upon written request of a partic-
ipant or beneficiary, an administrator "shall" furnish the summary
plan description and "other instruments under which the plan is estab-
lished or operated," section 502(c) of ERISA provides the exclusive
remedy for an administrator’s failure or refusal to comply with such
requests. And, as provided for in section 502(a)(1)(A), a civil action
may be brought "for the relief provided for in subsection (c)" only by
a plan "participant" or "beneficiary." None of the appellants were
invited to participate in VSP Prime and, consequently, they are not
VSP Prime participants as defined in ERISA: "‘[P]articipant’ means
any employee or former employee . . . who is or may become eligible
to receive a benefit of any type from an employee benefit plan which
covers employees of such employer." 29 U.S.C. § 1002(7) (§ 3(7) of
ERISA). See Stanton v. Gulf Oil. Co., 792 F.2d 432, 435 (4th Cir.
1986) (citing cases). Because appellants were never covered by VSP
Prime, the district court correctly held that DuPont had no duty to
provide them information about it, and appellants have no standing to
file suit or claim statutory penalties with respect to it.

   To the extent that appellants allege a failure to provide P&RP doc-
uments, Pier’s statement that he "verbally requested a plan descrip-
tion, the plan document, and the IRS qualification number," J.A. 138,
also fails to support a right to statutory penalties, because the request
for P&RP documents was not in writing, as section 104(b)(4)
requires. Moreover, the later affidavit of DuPont’s Human Resources
Manager, Shelby Harper, specifically stated that a copy of the P&RP
documents was sent "by internal plant mail" within two weeks of an
oral request by Piner, and that Piner did not inform her for two years
that he had not received a copy of the P&RP documents, at which
time she presented another copy of the P&RP plan document to him.
J.A. 141-42. Even if we were to determine, contrary to any common-
sense reading of the record, that the request for P&RP documents was
in writing, we would nonetheless find that the district court did not
abuse its discretion in declining to impose a statutory penalty based
on the facts of this case. The district court’s judgment with respect to
both the VSP and P&RP documents is affirmed.

                                  III.

  We are similarly unpersuaded by appellants’ claim that the district
court abused its discretion by ruling on DuPont’s motion for summary
8                          PINER v. DUPONT
judgment without providing an opportunity for additional discovery.
Appellants argue that the district court erred in converting DuPont’s
Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment
without providing appellants notice of the conversion and a reason-
able opportunity to conduct discovery.

   While "reasonable opportunity" requires notice that the court is
"treating the 12(b)(6) motion as a motion for summary judgment, with
the consequent right in the opposing party to file counter affidavits or
pursue reasonable discovery," Gay v. Wall, 761 F.2d 175, 177 (4th
Cir. 1985), it does not require formal notification by the court. And,
in this case, appellants had ample notice that DuPont’s motion was a
motion for summary judgment. First, the motion caption was "Defen-
dant’s Motion to Dismiss [pursuant to 12(b)(1) and/or 12(b)(6)] or in
the Alternative for Summary Judgment." J.A. 21-A (emphasis added).
Additionally, attached to the motion were an affidavit and 110 pages
of exhibits, J.A. 22-132, and DuPont filed additional affidavits with
exhibits two months later. J.A. 140-290. Moreover, appellants’
response to DuPont’s motion was captioned "Plaintiffs’ Response and
Memorandum in Opposition to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss, or In
the Alternative for Summary Judgment," and referenced DuPont’s
affidavit and the exhibits attached thereto. J.A. 135 (emphasis added).
Finally, appellants also attached an affidavit to their response. J.A.
137-9.

   This case, in which appellants were represented by a licensed attor-
ney, is directly controlled by Laughlin v. Metropolitan Washington
Airports Authority, 149 F.3d 253 (4th Cir. 1998), where, on facts
which exactly mirror the notice extant in this case, the court found
both that "notice was ample," and that Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) does not
impose on the court "an obligation to notify parties of the obvious."
Id. at 261.

   Despite having ample notice that the motion was one for summary
judgment and almost three months between receipt of DuPont’s
motion and the court’s grant of summary judgment to DuPont, appel-
lants failed to submit an affidavit under Fed R. Civ. P. 56(f) explain-
ing why an opposing affidavit could not be filed without additional
discovery. Appellants’ procedural default in failing to file such an
                           PINER v. DUPONT                            9
affidavit is dispositive of their claim that they had inadequate oppor-
tunity for discovery:

    [A]n appellate court will not overturn a district court’s grant
    of summary judgment on bald assertions of inadequate dis-
    covery when the party did not make an appropriate motion
    under Rule 56(f).

Laughlin, 149 F.3d at 261. For the above reasons, and especially in
light of appellants’ inability to articulate — even at this late date —
the specific discovery it would seek given the opportunity, we decline
to find that the district court’s consideration of the motion for sum-
mary judgment without formal notice or additional time for discovery
constitutes an abuse of discretion.

                           CONCLUSION

   For the reasons stated herein, the judgment of the district court is
affirmed.

                                                           AFFIRMED