Court Opinion

ID: 4272096
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-05-02 20:00:33.502145+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:33:28.167444
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        MAY 2 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JAMES BUSEY, an individual,                     No.    16-35308

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 2:13-cv-05022-TOR

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
RICHLAND SCHOOL DISTRICT; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Eastern District of Washington
                    Thomas O. Rice, Chief Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted April 9, 2018
                              Seattle, Washington

Before: HAWKINS, TASHIMA, and GRABER, Circuit Judges.

      Dr. James Busey appeals the adverse grant of summary judgment on his 42

U.S.C. § 1983 due process claim as well as his state law declaratory relief and wage

claims against the Richland School District (the “District”) and its Board members.

We review de novo, Zetwick v. Cty. of Yolo, 850 F.3d 436, 440 (9th Cir. 2017), and

affirm.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      In this appeal, Dr. Busey contends that a genuine dispute of material fact

precluded summary judgment. He contends that a news article quoting a Board

member’s statement that his termination was “effective immediately” following the

Board’s January 22, 2013 meeting and a letter regarding his benefits sent the

following day create a factual dispute as to the date of his termination. Contrary to

Dr. Busey’s contention, the news article and letter do not create a dispute of material

fact sufficient to withstand summary judgment.

      The critical date for purposes of federal due process is the date on which the

deprivation becomes final. See Brewster v. Bd. of Educ. of Lynwood Unified Sch.

Dist., 149 F.3d 971, 985 (9th Cir. 1998). Even viewing the article and letter in the

light most favorable to Dr. Busey and accepting that the Board voted to terminate

him effective immediately on January 22, 2013, the undisputed facts demonstrate

that his deprivation did not become final on that date. Dr. Busey concedes that his

salary and benefits continued after January 22, 2013, and that his employment

contract was not closed officially until the end of February 2013. Before then, and

as the District advised him in writing, Dr. Busey could have requested a hearing

before a neutral hearing officer, who would decide whether the Board’s discharge

decision would take effect. See Wash. Rev. Code §§ 28A.405.300 & 28A.405.310.

Because the hearing officer had the power to override the Board’s vote before the

District officially closed Dr. Busey’s employment contract, his deprivation did not

                                          2                                    16-35308
become final until he waived the right to that hearing, thereby rendering the Board’s

vote final. See Brewster, 149 F.3d at 985–86. Summary judgment, therefore, was

proper on Dr. Busey’s due process claim.1 See id.

      Similarly, summary judgment was proper on Dr. Busey’s state law claims for

a declaration that the Board violated Washington Revised Code § 28A.405.300 and

owed unpaid wages. Again, even assuming the Board should have provided formal

notice before its January 22, 2013 meeting, it is undisputed that Dr. Busey received

the Board’s Notice of Probable Cause, which he concedes was substantively

adequate, and an opportunity for a hearing before the date on which his salary and

benefits ceased and his employment contract was closed. See Martin v. Dayton Sch.

Dist. No. 2, 536 P.2d 169, 170 (Wash. 1975). Dr. Busey’s claim for unpaid wages

under Washington Revised Code § 49.52.070 depends on the success of his due

process and declaratory relief claims. Because summary judgment was proper on

his process-based claims, summary judgment was also proper on his claim for

unpaid wages.

      AFFIRMED.

1
      The dissent argues that the record supports an inference that, even though Dr.
Busey could have requested an additional hearing, the hearing officer might not have
been neutral. We do not decide whether that argument has merit because Dr. Busey
did not raise it in his briefing. McKay v. Ingleson, 558 F.3d 888, 891 n.5 (9th Cir.
2009).

                                         3                                    16-35308
                                                                                FILED
Busey v. Richland School District, No. 16-35308
                                                                                 MAY 2 2018
TASHIMA, Circuit Judge, dissenting:                                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                              U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

      Because there is a question of material fact as to whether Dr. Busey’s

termination was effectively final on January 22, 2013, I respectfully dissent. The

majority mistakenly relies on the assumption that “Dr. Busey could have requested

a hearing before a neutral hearing officer, who would decide whether the Board’s

discharge decision would take effect.” Maj. Disp. at 2. Contrary to the majority’s

assumption, however, Dr. Busey’s hearing officer would not have been neutral.

      The Washington statutory provision concerning the appointment of a

hearing officer provides, “Nothing herein shall preclude the board of directors and

the employee from stipulating as to the identity of the hearing officer in which

event the foregoing procedures for the selection of the hearing officer shall be

inapplicable.” Wash. Rev. Code § 28A.405.310(4). Dr. Busey’s employment

contract with the Board states, “In the event of discharge Superintendent shall have

the right to service of written charges, notice of hearing, and a hearing before the

Board sitting in executive session.” Confirming that understanding, before

litigation, the Board’s attorney stated in a letter that, pursuant to that contract, “Dr.

Busey [] has a right to a hearing before the School Board.” Dr. Busey’s hearing

officer, therefore, would not have been independent or neutral, but instead is the

same Board that had already decided that Busey was terminated “effectively
immediately” on January 22. It is therefore a contested issue of fact whether such

a biased hearing officer would ever “override [its own] vote before the District

officially closed Dr. Busey’s employment contract.”1 Maj. Disp. at 2.

      Regardless of when Dr. Busey’s employment contract was formally

terminated, the record supports the inference that Dr. Busey’s termination was a

“fait accompli” on January 22, 2013. Giedra v. Mt. Adams Sch. Dist. No. 209, 110

P.3d 232, 236 (Wash. 2005) (citing Martin v. Dayton Sch. Dist. No. 2, 536 P.2d

169, 170 (Wash. 1975) (en banc)). Because there are questions of fact about the

adequacy of the process Dr. Busey received before that date, on this record,

summary judgment against Dr. Busey was unwarranted.

      I would reverse the grant of summary judgment in favor of the School

District and remand for trial.

      I respectfully dissent.

      1
              In its footnote 1, the majority states that it will not decide whether the
argument that “the hearing officer might not have been neutral” has merit “because
Dr. Busey did not raise it in his briefing.” In fact, the issue was raised by the
majority itself in its assertion that “Dr. Busey could have requested a hearing
before a neutral hearing officer . . . .” Maj. Disp. at 2 (emphasis added). This
assertion has no support in the record. Thus, the majority appears to be advancing
the remarkable proposition that it can rely on a factual assertion unsupported by the
record, which then cannot be disputed, although the contrary fact is clearly stated
in the record, as I have demonstrated above, because Dr. Busey did not raise the
issue in his brief.
                                           2