Court Opinion

ID: 2642838
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-11-18 16:24:27.715646+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:16:20.144674
License: Public Domain

No. 12-0774	             Wayne A. LeMasters and Mary Joan LeMasters v. Nationwide Mutual
                         Insurance Company.
                                                                           FILED
                                                                       November 18, 2013

                                                                      RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK

                                                                    SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                        OF WEST VIRGINIA

Davis, J., dissenting:

               In this case, the Majority opinion found that the circuit court correctly

concluded that a plaintiff who prevailed in an action against an insurer alleging a violation

of the Unfair Trade Practices Act (“UTPA”) was not entitled to attorney’s fees incurred in

litigating the UTPA action. This conclusion is based upon flawed reasoning and overrules

precedent established by this Court in Jenkins v. J.C. Penney Casualty Insurance Co., 167
W. Va. 597, 280 S.E.2d 252 (1981), overruled on other grounds by State ex rel. State Farm

Fire & Casualty Co. v. Madden, 192 W. Va. 155, 451 S.E.2d 721 (1994), and its progeny.

Accordingly, I dissent.

               The Majority opinion discussed Jenkins, along with Dodrill v. Nationwide

Mutual Insurance Co., 201 W. Va. 1, 491 S.E.2d 1 (1996), and concluded that those cases

stand for the proposition that “attorney fees [are] awardable only for fees ‘incurred in the

underlying action against a tortfeasor.’” Majority Slip. Op. at 12 (quoting Dodrill, 201
W. Va. at 16, 491 S.E.2d at 16) (emphasis added). Based upon this misled conclusion, the

Majority erroneously reasoned that attorney’s fees incurred in pursuing the subsequent UTPA

claim may not be awarded. An examination of these cases demonstrates the Majority’s error.

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              Jenkins is a landmark case in which this Court established a private cause of

action for violations of the UTPA: “An implied private cause of action may exist for a

violation by an insurance company of the unfair settlement practice provisions of W. Va.

Code, 33-11-4(9); but such implied private cause of action cannot be maintained until the

underlying suit is resolved.” Syl. pt. 2, Jenkins, 167 W. Va. 597, 280 S.E.2d 252. In

discussing the need to resolve the underlying direct action against an insurance company

prior to pursuing a related UTPA claim, the Jenkins Court observed that resolution of the

underlying claim is necessary to ascertain the amount of reasonable damages that may be

recovered in the UTPA claim. The Jenkins Court elaborated that damages in a Jenkins claim

should not duplicate damages obtained in the contract claim against the insurer and further

commented that attorneys fees are recoverable:

                     [w]e do not attempt to delineate the entire damage issue
              on a statutory claim but it obviously does not serve to replicate
              the damages obtained in the underlying claim. Certainly,
              increased costs and expenses including the increase in attorney’s
              fees resulting from the failure to offer a prompt fair settlement
              could be recovered. In an appropriate case, punitive damages
              may be recovered.
167 W. Va. at 609 n.12, 280 S.E.2d at 259 n.12. Accord McCormick v. Allstate Ins. Co., 197
W. Va. 415, 423, 475 S.E.2d 507, 515 (1996) (“A prevailing plaintiff in a Jenkins claim may

recover his increased costs and expenses, including increased attorney fees, resulting from

the insurance company’s use of an unfair business practice in the settlement or failure to

settle fairly the underlying claim.”). The Court’s declaration that “increased costs and

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expenses including the increase in attorney’s fees resulting from the failure to offer a prompt

fair settlement could be recovered,”1 is clearly intended to include the cost of pursuing the

UTPA claim.

              I am further persuaded that this interpretation is correct insofar as the

availability of attorney’s fees for the underlying claim are governed by this Court’s holdings

in Hayseeds, Inc. v. State Farm Fire & Casualty, 177 W. Va. 323, 352 S.E.2d 73 (1986) and

Marshall v. Saseen, 192 W. Va. 94, 450 S.E.2d 791 (1994).2 Pursuant to Hayseeds and

Marshall, an award of attorney’s fees incurred in the underlying suit is dependent upon a

finding that the plaintiff substantially prevailed. A different standard is applied to obtain

              1
                  Jenkins, 167 W. Va. at 609 n.12, 280 S.E.2d at 259 n.12 (emphasis added).
              2
                In Syllabus point 1 of Hayseeds, Inc. v. State Farm Fire & Casualty, 177
W. Va. 323, 352 S.E.2d 73 (1986), this Court held that “[w]henever a policyholder
substantially prevails in a property damage suit against its insurer, the insurer is liable for:
(1) the insured’s reasonable attorneys’ fees in vindicating its claim; (2) the insured’s damages
for net economic loss caused by the delay in settlement, and damages for aggravation and
inconvenience.”

             This holding was subsequently extended to apply specifically in the context of
uninsured and underinsured motorist claims in Syllabus point 6 of Marshall v. Saseen, 192
W. Va. 94, 450 S.E.2d 791 (1994):

                     When a policyholder of uninsured or underinsured
              motorist coverage issued pursuant to W. Va. Code, 33-6-31(b)
              substantially prevails in a suit involving such coverage under
              W. Va. Code, 33-6-31(d), the insurer issuing such policy is
              liable for the amount recovered up to the policy limits, the
              policyholder’s reasonable attorney fees, and damages proven for
              aggravation and inconvenience.

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attorney’s fees in connection with a UTPA claim. To succeed in a UTPA claim, and thereby

become entitled to an award of reasonable attorney’s fees, a plaintiff must establish a

violation of the UTPA that arises from a general business practice of the insurer:

                      The conditions and predicate for bringing a case under
              Jenkins v. J.C. Penney Casualty Insurance Company, 167
W. Va. 597, 280 S.E.2d 252 (1981), are wholly different from
              those necessary for bringing an underlying contract action or for
              bringing an action under Hayseeds, Inc. v. State Farm Fire &
              Casualty, 177 W. Va. 323, 352 S.E.2d 73 (1986). Whereas
              under Hayseeds it is necessary that a policyholder substantially
              prevail on an underlying contract action before he may recover
              enhanced damages, under Jenkins there is no requirement that
              one substantially prevail; it is required that liability and damages
              be settled previously or in the course of the Jenkins litigation.
              Jenkins instead predicates entitlement to relief solely upon
              violation of the West Virginia Unfair Trade Practices Act,
              W. Va. Code § 33-11-4(9), where such violation arises from a
              “general business practice” on the part of the insurer.

Syl. pt. 9, McCormick v. Allstate Ins. Co., 197 W. Va. 415, 475 S.E.2d 507.

              Furthermore, the facts of McCormick3 dispel any doubt as to whether a plaintiff

is entitled to seek reasonable attorney’s fees expended in a successful Jenkins action. The

trial court in McCormick bifurcated the trial. The Hayseeds issues were tried first and the

Jenkins issues were to follow. In the Hayseeds portion of the bifurcated trial, the circuit

court found that, because the plaintiff’s recovery in the underlying suit against the insurance

company was significantly less than what the plaintiff had initially demanded, the plaintiff

              3
                  Justice Albright authored both Jenkins and McCormick.

                                               4

did not substantially prevail and, therefore, was not entitled to pursue attorney’s fees and

punitive damages. Based upon this ruling, the trial court additionally refused to allow the

plaintiff to proceed to trial on the Jenkins issues. On appeal, this Court affirmed the circuit

court’s conclusion that the plaintiff was not entitled to attorney’s fees under Hayseeds.

However, the Court found that the circuit court erred in refusing to allow the Jenkins claims

to proceed. Accordingly, the case was remanded for additional proceedings on the Jenkins

claims. Specifically, this Court commented that:

              Pursuit of the Jenkins claim . . . will afford full opportunity to
              litigate the substance of the remaining issues that were not
              adequately addressed during the first phase trial had below,
              including, . . . whether appellant should be awarded attorney
              fees for vindicating his Jenkins-type claim and, if so, in what
              amount.

McCormick, 197 W. Va. at 428, 475 S.E.2d at 520.

              Finally, I note that the Majority’s reliance on Dodrill v. Nationwide Mutual

Insurance Co., 201 W. Va. 1, 491 S.E.2d 1, is misleading. The Majority asserts that “[i]n

Dodrill, we clarified the fee issue, stating that attorney fees were awardable only for fees

‘incurred in the underlying action against a tortfeasor.’” Maj. Slip. Op. at 12 (second

emphasis added). The Majority’s assertion that Dodrill limited the attorney’s fees that may

be recovered to only those incurred in the underlying action is simply wrong. Dodrill

contained no such limitation. Rather, the issue in Dodrill was whether the plaintiff was

entitled to an award of his attorney’s fees that had been incurred in the underlying action.

                                              5

The Dodrill Court stated that “[i]n note 12 of our opinion in Jenkins, we addressed briefly

some elements of damages recoverable in a claim of the nature before us, and we clearly

sanctioned the recovery of attorney fees and costs incurred in the underlying action against

a tortfeasor.” Dodrill, 201 W. Va. at 16, 491 S.E.2d at 16. Thus, while Dodrill does opine

that the recovery of attorney’s fees incurred in the underlying action against the tortfeasor is

available under Jenkins, Dodrill in no way limited the recovery to only those attorney’s fees.

              In the instant case the plaintiffs prevailed in their UTPA claims, and, thus, they

should have been awarded their reasonable attorney’s fees incurred in pursuing those claims.

For the reasons stated above, I respectfully dissent. I am authorized to state that Justice

Workman joins me in this dissenting opinion.

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