Court Opinion

ID: 9411614
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-07-27 14:01:53.024077+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:39:31.713744
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                             FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

    ANESHA PARKER,
               Plaintiff
                                                         Civil Action No. 21-2523 (CKK)
          v.
    DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, et al.,
               Defendants.

                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                      (July 27, 2023)

         Plaintiff Anesha Parker, who proceeds pro se, filed suit against the District of Columbia

(“District Defendant”) and three federal agencies, the United States Department of Justice, United

States Department of Defense, and Central Intelligence Agency (collectively, “Federal

Defendants”). See generally Second Am. Compl., ECF No. 17 (“Compl.”). She brought claims

against District Defendant under the following theories: D.C. Whistleblower Protection Act, D.C.

Code §§ 1-615.53, et seq. (Count I); Constructive Termination (Count II); Driver’s Privacy

Protection Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2724 (Count III); Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2701

(Count IV); Federal Wiretap Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2511 (Count V); and 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for violations

of the Fourth Amendment (Count VI). Plaintiff brought claims against Federal Defendants under

the following theories: Driver’s Privacy Protection Act (Count III), Stored Communications Act

(Count IV), Federal Wiretap Act (Count V), 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for violations of the Fourth

Amendment (Count VII), and Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1346 (Count VII).

         Now pending before the Court are the District Defendant’s [24] Motion to Dismiss and

Federal Defendants’ [28] Motion to Dismiss. Upon consideration of the briefing1, the relevant

1
    The Court’s consideration has focused on the following:
      • Plaintiff’s Second Amended Complaint, ECF No. 17 (“Compl.”);
                                                 1
authorities, and the record as a whole, the Court will GRANT both [24] and [28] Motions.

                                          I. BACKGROUND

       For the purposes of the motion before the Court, the Court accepts as true the well-pleaded

allegations in Plaintiff’s Complaint. The Court does “not accept as true, however, the plaintiff’s

legal conclusions or inferences that are unsupported by the facts alleged.” Ralls Corp. v. Comm.

on Foreign Inv. in U.S., 758 F.3d 296, 315 (D.C. Cir. 2014). Further, because Plaintiff proceeds in

this matter pro se, the Court must consider not only the facts alleged in Plaintiff’s Complaint, but

also the facts alleged in Plaintiff’s briefs filed in response to the Motions to Dismiss. See Brown

v. Whole Foods Mkt. Grp., Inc., 789 F.3d 146, 152 (D.C. Cir. 2015) (“a district court errs in failing

to consider a pro se litigant’s complaint ‘in light of’ all filings, including filings responsive to a

motion to dismiss”) (quoting Richardson v. United States, 193 F.3d 545, 548 (D.C. Cir. 1999));

Fillmore v. AT & T Mobility Servs. LLC, 140 F. Supp. 3d 1, 2 (D.D.C. 2015) (“the Court, as it must

in a case brought by a pro se plaintiff, considers the facts as alleged in both the Complaint and

Plaintiff's Opposition to Defendant's Motion to Dismiss.”). The Court recites only the background

necessary for the Court’s resolution of the pending Motions to Dismiss.

       In broad strokes, Plaintiff’s alleges that after she uncovered issues during an internal audit,

   •    Defendant District of Columbia’s Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 24 (“District Def.’s
        Mot.”);
    • Plaintiff’s Response to Defendant District of Columbia’s Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 26
        (“Pl.’s Opp’n to District Def.’s Mot.”);
    • Defendant District of Columbia’s Reply in Support of their Motion to Dismiss, ECF No.
        30 (“District Def.’s Reply”);
    • Errata to Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 31 (“Fed. Defs.’ Mot.”);
    • Plaintiff’s Response to Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 32 (“Pl.’s
        Opp’n to Fed. Defs.’ Mot.”);
    • Federal Defendants’ Reply in Support of their Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 33 (“Fed.
        Defs.’ Reply”).
In an exercise of its discretion, the Court finds that holding oral argument in this action would
not be of assistance in rendering a decision. See LCvR 7(f).
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the District of Columbia and various federal government agencies retaliated against her, forcing

her to leave her job, and then began a campaign of surveillance, stalking, extortion, and even

poisoning. See Pl.’s Opp’n to District Def.’s Mot. at 2, 7; Pl.’s Opp’n to Fed. Defs.’ Mot. at 2.

       Plaintiff Anesha Parker was employed at the Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services

(“DYRS”) in Washington, D.C. as a Management and Program Analyst. Compl. ¶ 9. In this role,

she was tasked with conducting an internal audit of DYRS’s gift card distribution program after

an external audit report revealed issues with the program. Id. ¶ 10. During her audit, she found

that at least 695 gift cards, valued at $20,260, were unaccounted for and missing documentation

of the youth-recipient. Id. ¶ 11. She reported these findings to DYRS executives and was asked

to provide weekly updates over the next few months. Id. ¶¶ 12–13.

       Shortly thereafter, Plaintiff was instructed to stop conducting the internal audit and call out

sick from an upcoming check-in meeting; she was also encouraged to submit a letter of resignation.

Id. ¶ 14. In April 2019, Plaintiff reported these issues to the Defendants, and the following month,

they reassigned her to a different division. Id. ¶¶ 15–16. Defendants arranged for her and two

other DYRS employees to present the results of the internal audit to the former director of DYRS.

Id. ¶ 17. Then, on July 26, 2019, she was transferred locations to a center in Maryland. Id. ¶ 18.

       On August 21, 2019, she was interviewed by investigators from the Board of Ethics and

Government Accountability about the results of the internal audit and the requests for her

resignation. Id. ¶ 19. On October 29, 2019, Defendants marked Plaintiff as absent without leave

after learning of her participation in the investigation, although she was approved to work a flexible

schedule to fulfill duties under her reassigned role. Id. ¶ 20. Plaintiff claims this was part of a

“scheme to create a paper trail to terminate [her].” Id. ¶ 22. Later during the pandemic, Defendants

reassigned her responsibilities to her colleagues. Id. ¶ 26.

                                                  3
       Next, Plaintiff alleges that Roseberte Clervil, who Plaintiff claims is “a self-proclaimed spy

for the Central Intelligence Agency” (“CIA”) and employed by the U.S. Department of Defense

(“DOD”), then “directed others to unlawfully enter[] Ms. Parker’s home to install hidden recording

devices owned by the U.S. government.” Id. ¶¶ 5, 23. Clervil also allegedly “used her U.S.

government credentials to claim[] Ms. Parker’s cell phone from United Arab Emirates’ lost [and]

found.” Id. Plaintiff submitted reports to the CIA and DOD about this but did not receive a

response. Id.

       Next, Plaintiff claims that Defendants began surveilling her through an array of methods.

She says that they installed recording and tracking devices on her cars, id. ¶ 25; parked outside of

her home, id. ¶ 27; followed her to and from the office to a new apartment, where they observed

“unique items and private conversations,” id. ¶¶ 28–29; watched her disrobe, id. ¶ 30; installed

spyware or malware on her work and personal computers and cell phones to intercept, monitor,

and record her electronic communications, id. ¶ 37; gained unauthorized access to her internal

routers, personal contacts, social media accounts, email accounts, bank accounts, and rideshare

accounts, id. ¶ 38; and linked her Apple watch to Defendants’ television to eavesdrop on private

conversations, id. She reported some of her concerns to Defendants and requested permission to

telework for her safety, but they denied her request. Id. ¶ 32. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants

disseminated the information unlawfully gathered about her among her friends, family, and

colleagues. Id. at ¶ 40. She also claims that Defendants “cancelled and transferred [her] Florida

driver’s license out of the state in 2020.” Id. ¶ 39.

       In September 2021, Defendants again marked Plaintiff as absent without leave, made

suggestive remarks about giving her a poor performance evaluation, and withheld a promotion and

pay increase. Id. ¶¶ 34–35. Plaintiff alleges that “[a]s a result of Defendants’ actions, [she] felt

                                                  4
left with no alternative except to resign from DYRS.” Id. ¶ 39. She claims that after she resigned

and relocated to Florida, Defendants continued to retaliate against her and violate her rights. Id. ¶

43. She claims that they intercepted her mail, including tax returns, laced her food and drink with

opiates, and engaged in “ongoing gang-stalking, intimidation, threats and harassment” such that

Plaintiff does not leave her home out of fear. Id. ¶¶ 44–47. Plaintiff also states that Clervil has

continued to interfere with her by trying to watch Plaintiff sleep after providing her with opiate-

laced meals, pretending to disconnect her cell service provider, and causing a tow company to

pretend to repossess her vehicle. Id. ¶¶ 48–49.

         Plaintiff initially filed suit in September 2021, see ECF No. 1, before filing an Amended

Complaint in June 2022, see generally Compl. She alleges claims against District Defendant under

the following theories: D.C. Whistleblower Protection Act, D.C. Code §§ 1-615.53, et seq. (Count

I); Constructive Termination (Count II); Driver’s Privacy Protection Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2724 (Count

III); Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2701 (Count IV); Federal Wiretap Act, 18 U.S.C. §

2511 (Count V); and 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for violations of the Fourth Amendment (Count VI).

Plaintiff brought claims against Federal Defendants under the following theories: Driver’s Privacy

Protection Act (Count III), Stored Communications Act (Count IV), Federal Wiretap Act (Count

V), 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for violations of the Fourth Amendment (Count VII), and Federal Tort

Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1346 (Count VII). Plaintiff sued other parties as well, including Roseberte

Clervil, who have since been dismissed from the action. See Order, ECF No. 11 (dismissing

Defendant Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services); Order, ECF No. 16 (dismissing

Defendant Krista Scalise); Order, ECF No. 22 (dismissing Defendant Roseberte Clervil).

       Defendant District of Columbia filed a Motion to Dismiss in October 2022, see District

Def.’s Mot., shortly followed by the Federal Defendants’ filing of a Motion to Dismiss in

                                                  5
November 2022, see Fed. Defs.’ Mot. Both Motions are now ripe for the Court’s consideration.

                                    II. LEGAL STANDARD

       A. Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction

       On a Rule 12(b)(1) motion, the plaintiff “bears the burden of establishing jurisdiction by a

preponderance of the evidence.” Bagherian v. Pompeo, 442 F. Supp. 3d 87, 91–92 (D.D.C. 2020)

(JDB); see also Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 561 (1992). In determining whether

there is jurisdiction, the court may “‘consider the complaint supplemented by undisputed facts

evidenced in the record, or the complaint supplemented by undisputed facts plus the court's

resolution of disputed facts.’” Coal. for Underground Expansion v. Mineta, 333 F.3d 193, 198

(D.C. Cir. 2003) (citations omitted) (quoting Herbert v. Nat’l Acad. of Scis., 974 F.2d 192, 197

(D.C. Cir. 1992)). Courts must accept as true all factual allegations in the complaint and construe

the complaint liberally, granting the plaintiff the benefit of all inferences that can be drawn from

the facts alleged. See Settles v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 429 F.3d 1098, 1106 (D.C. Cir. 2005).

       However, “the factual allegations in the complaint “will bear closer scrutiny in resolving a

12(b)(1) motion than in resolving a 12(b)(6) motion for failure to state a claim.” Grand Lodge of

Fraternal Order of Police v. Ashcroft, 185 F. Supp. 2d 9, 13–14 (D.D.C. 2001) (RMU). A court

need not accept as true “‘a legal conclusion couched as a factual allegation’” or an inference

“‘unsupported by the facts set out in the complaint.’” Trudeau v. Fed. Trade Comm’n, 456 F.3d

178, 193 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (quoting Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 286 (1986)).

       B. Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim

       Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), a party may move to dismiss a complaint on grounds that it

“fail[s] to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). A complaint

is not sufficient if it “tenders ‘naked assertion[s]’ devoid of ‘further factual enhancement.’”

                                                 6
Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544,

557 (2007)). To survive a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), a complaint must contain

sufficient factual allegations that, if accepted as true, “state a claim to relief that is plausible on its

face.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual

content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the

misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. “In evaluating a motion to dismiss, the Court must

accept the factual allegations in the complaint as true and draw all reasonable inferences in favor

of plaintiff.” Nat’l Postal Prof’l Nurses v. U.S. Postal Serv., 461 F. Supp. 2d 24, 27 (D.D.C. 2006)

(PLF).

         When considering a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, courts may consider “the facts alleged in the

complaint, documents attached as exhibits or incorporated by reference in the complaint” or

“documents upon which the plaintiff's complaint necessarily relies even if the document is

produced not by the plaintiff in the complaint but by the defendant in a motion to dismiss.” Ward

v. D.C. Dep’t of Youth Rehab. Servs., 768 F. Supp. 2d 117, 119 (D.D.C. 2011) (internal quotation

marks omitted) (quoting Gustave–Schmidt v. Chao, 226 F. Supp. 2d 191, 196 (D.D.C. 2002)

(RBW); Hinton v. Corr. Corp. of Am., 624 F. Supp. 2d 45, 46 (D.D.C. 2009)).

                                          III. DISCUSSION

         The Court begins by addressing the District of Columbia’s Motion to Dismiss before

turning to the Motion to Dismiss filed by the United States Department of Justice, United States

Department of Defense, and Central Intelligence Agency.

    A. Defendant District of Columbia’s Motion to Dismiss

         Plaintiff is suing Defendant District of Columbia under six theories: D.C. Whistleblower

Protection Act (“DCWPA”), D.C. Code §§ 1-615.53, et seq. (Count I); Constructive Termination

                                                    7
(Count II); Driver’s Privacy Protection Act (“DPPA”), 18 U.S.C. § 2724 (Count III); Stored

Communications Act (“SCA”), 18 U.S.C. § 2701 (Count IV); Federal Wiretap Act (“FWA”), 18

U.S.C. § 2511 (Count V); and 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for violations of the Fourth Amendment (Count

VI).

       Defendant District of Columbia raises two arguments in support of dismissal: first, that

Plaintiff’s federal and constitutional claims should fail, as they are “patently insubstantial and

involve bizarre conspiracy theories,” and second, that the Court should decline supplemental

jurisdiction on the remaining state law claims. District Def.’s Mot. at 1. The Court addresses these

two arguments in turn.

       1. Plaintiff’s Federal and Constitutional Claims

       Of Plaintiff’s six claims against District Defendant, four are federal or constitutional

claims: DPPA, SCA, FWA, and 42 U.S.C. § 1983. As for her DPPA claim, Plaintiff argues that

Defendants have knowingly obtained, disclosed, or used her personal information from a motor

vehicle record in an unlawful manner. Compl. ¶ 66. Next, to support her SCA claim, Plaintiff

states that “Defendants violated the SCA by intentionally using illicit means, including spyware,

malware, and device theft to access Plaintiff’s stored electronic communications on her personal

and work devices without her knowledge or consent.” Id. ¶ 71. Defendants’ alleged FWA

violation was “intentionally intercept[ing] Plaintiff’s communications at her workplace, home

and private vehicle,” “procur[ing] other people to intercept and to endeavor to intercept such

communications,” “using concealed electronic recording devices that transmit such recordings

through a wire or by radio,” “direct[ing] others to record private conversations without her

knowledge or consent,” “hack[ing] Plaintiff’s devices,” “monitor[ing] contemporaneously

transmitted emails,” and “plac[ing] listening devices in Plaintiff’s homes and vehicles.” Id. ¶¶

                                                 8
78–79. Finally, Plaintiff states that District Defendant’s actions, including “unlawfully entering

Plaintiff’s homes in Virginia; installing government-issued recording and tracking devices in

Plaintiff’s homes and vehicles; hacking and/or cloning Plaintiff’s phone; monitoring Plaintiff’s

phone calls and text messages; recording Plaintiffs’ communications without a warrant and

where no party to the communication consented to the recording; [and] recording in homes and

other places where Plaintiff had a reasonable expectation of privacy against video and audio

recording,” were a violation of her Fourth Amendment rights. Id. ¶ 84.

       District Defendant argues that these claims must be dismissed because they are

predicated on Plaintiff’s insubstantial conspiracy theories. The Court agrees.

       District courts lack jurisdiction where a plaintiff’s complaint is “‘patently insubstantial,’

presenting no federal question suitable for decision.” Best v. Kelly, 39 F.3d 328, 330 (D.C. Cir.

1994) (quoting Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 427 n.6 (1989)); see also Hagans v. Lavine,

415 U.S. 528, 536–37 (1974) (“Over the years, this Court has repeatedly held that the federal

courts are without power to entertain claims otherwise within their jurisdiction if they are ‘so

attenuated and unsubstantial as to be absolutely devoid of merit.’”) (quoting Newburyport Water

Co. v. Newburyport, 193 U.S. 561, 579 (1904)). More specifically, a court may dismiss claims

that are “essentially fictitious”––for example, when they suggest “bizarre conspiracy theories…

[or] fantastic government manipulations.” Best, 39 F.3d at 330–31. Judges of this court have

routinely dismissed cases in which plaintiffs allege similar conspiracy theories involving

government surveillance or harassment. See Tooley v. Napolitano, 586 F.3d 1006, 1010 (D.C.

Cir. 2009) (collecting cases dismissed for “for patent insubstantiality”).2 Where, as here, a

2
  For other examples, see Roum v. Fenty, 697 F. Supp. 2d 39, 42–43 (D.D.C. 2010) (HHK)
(dismissing claims involving alleged government conspiracy where federal agencies tapped
plaintiff’s phones, monitored conversations, tracked him, and used “various chemicals and
                                                 9
plaintiff offers only “a laundry list of wrongful acts and conclusory allegations to support her

theory of a conspiracy,” such allegations are “insufficient to allow the case to go forward.”

Richards v. Duke University, 480 F. Supp. 2d 222, 233 (D.D.C. 2007) (RCL).

       Plaintiff’s DPPA, SCA, FWA, and § 1983 claims allege the exact sort of “bizarre

conspiracy theories” that must be dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. These federal

and constitutional law claims are predicated on allegations that, among others, Defendants

installed recording and tracking devices on Plaintiff’s cars, installed spyware or malware on her

computers and cellphones to intercept communications, and gained access to her social media

accounts, bank accounts, and more. Compl. ¶¶ 25, 37, 38. She presents no additional

information nor evidence to support these allegations, but instead rattles off a list of supposed

government actions taken as part of their campaign against her. Plaintiff acknowledges that “her

astonishing… tale of cross-country monitoring, extortion, and poisoning by District of

Columbia… officials… may sound unbelievable,” but then doubles down that “the facts ring

technologies to regularly conduct experiments and surveillance on him over a period spanning
more than ten years”); Roum v. Bush, 461 F. Supp. 2d 40, 46–47 (D.D.C. 2006) (RMC)
(dismissing “inherently unrealistic” claims that alleged a government conspiracy to use
radioactive waves and lethal chemicals to attempt to kill the plaintiff); Walsh v. Hagee, 900 F.
Supp. 2d 51, 54, 58–60 (D.D.C. 2012) (dismissing plaintiff’s claim because it stemmed “from
the frivolous allegation of a widespread government conspiracy involving government
surveillance and fanatical meddling” and to “harass and assault his family”); Curran v. Holder,
626 F. Supp. 2d 30, 33–34 (D.D.C. 2009) (PLF) (dismissing case where “[p]laintiff’s complaint
strings together a series of unconnected events to support her conclusion that she has been
singled out for harassment by the government” and surveillance); Tartt v. United States, No. 19-
1615 (TJK), 2019 WL 5328737, at *1–3 (D.D.C. Oct. 12, 2019) (dismissing case where plaintiff
alleges, among other claims, that the United States abused and tortured him with radio frequency
implant devices); Bickford v. Gov’t of U.S., 808 F. Supp. 2d 175, 181–82 (D.D.C. 2011) (PLF)
(dismissing plaintiff’s “government torture, surveillance, and harassment” claims under Rule
12(b)(1)); Newby v. Obama, 681 F. Supp. 2d 53, 55–56 (D.D.C. 2010) (EGS) (dismissing claims
involving government surveillance and stalking); Riles v. Giethner, 693 F. Supp. 2d 1, 3 (D.D.C.
2009) (PLF) (dismissing case where plaintiff alleges the government was monitoring his
thoughts, among other allegations).
                                                 10
true.” Pl.’s Opp’n to District Def.’s Mot. at 1.

       Although the Court is mindful that a pro se complaint “must be held to less stringent

standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers,” Brown v. District of Columbia, 514 F.3d

1279, 1283 (D.C.Cir. 2008) (internal quotations and citation omitted), Plaintiff’s Complaint falls

far short of the required threshold to survive District Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss due to its

insubstantial and fictitious claims. Accordingly, the Court will GRANT Defendant District of

Columbia’s [24] Motion to Dismiss Counts III, IV, V, and VI.

       2. Supplemental Jurisdiction

       Now that Plaintiff’s federal and constitutional law claims have been dismissed, Plaintiff’s

two remaining claims against Defendant District of Columbia are for violation of the DCWPA

and Constructive Termination. District Defendant requests that the Court decline to exercise

jurisdiction over these state law claims. District Def.’s Mot. at 6–7. The Court, again, agrees.

       A federal district court may exercise supplemental jurisdiction over state law claims if

they are “so related to the claims in the action within such original jurisdiction that they form

part of the same case or controversy[.]” 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a). However, a court’s decision to

exercise supplemental jurisdiction is discretionary, Shekoyan v. Sibley Int’l, 409 F.3d 414, 423

(D.C. Cir. 2005) (citing United Mine Workers of Am. v. Gibbs, 383 U.S. 715, 726 (1966), and a

“district court[ ] may decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over a claim… if… the

district court has dismissed all claims over which it has original jurisdiction,” 28 U.S.C. §

1367(c)(3). “[I]n the usual case in which all federal-law claims are dismissed before trial, the

balance of factors to be considered under the pendent jurisdiction doctrine—judicial economy,

convenience, fairness, and comity—will point toward declining to exercise jurisdiction over the

remaining state-law claims.” Carnegie–Mellon Univ. v. Cohill, 484 U.S. 343, 350 n. 7 (1988).

                                                   11
        Here, the Court in its discretion will, considering the balance of factors, dismiss

Plaintiff’s remaining state law claims. The Court has dealt with these claims only in the context

of the instant Motions to Dismiss, and the parties have not yet engaged in any discovery in

connection with this action. There exists no reason to believe that the parties or potential

witnesses would be inconvenienced by trying this matter in D.C. Superior Court. Nor is there

reason to believe Plaintiff will be prejudiced, as all statute of limitations periods relevant to her

state law claims have been tolled while this case is pending and will remain tolled for thirty days

after this Order. See 28 U.S.C. § 1367(d). Furthermore, principles of comity weigh in favor of

allowing local District of Columbia courts to decide matters of District of Columbia law. Lowe

v. District of Columbia, 669 F.Supp.2d 18, 31–31 (D.D.C. 2009) (CKK) (“[I]n the interests of

comity, federal judges should refrain from deciding cases founded solely on local law when the

requirements for diversity jurisdiction are not present.”) (quoting Mitchell v. Yates, 402 F. Supp.

2d 222, 235 (D.D.C. 2005) (JDB)). Finally, using the judicial resources of the federal courts to

try local claims is not in the interest of judicial economy.

        Accordingly, in its discretion, the Court finds that all of the relevant considerations weigh

in favor of the Court declining to exercise jurisdiction over the state law claims. The Court will

therefore GRANT Defendant District of Columbia’s [24] Motion to Dismiss Counts I and II.

                                           *       *       *

        As explained above, the Court GRANTS Defendant District of Columbia’s [24] Motion

to Dismiss in its entirety.

    A. Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss

        Plaintiff is also suing Defendants United States Department of Justice, United States

                                                  12
Department of Defense, and Central Intelligence Agency under four theories: Driver’s Privacy

Protection Act (Count III), Stored Communications Act (Count IV), Federal Wiretap Act (Count

V), 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for violations of the Fourth Amendment (Count VII), and Federal Tort

Claims Act (“FTCA”), 28 U.S.C. § 1346 (Count VII). Plaintiffs’ support for her DPPA, SCA,

FWA, and § 1983 claims were included above in the context of the District Defendants’ Motion

to Dismiss. As for her FTCA claim, Plaintiff alleges that “[t]he conduct of the CIA/DoD

employees acts were intentional overt act[s] to deprive Plaintiff of her right to possession of her

cell phone, emails, and driver’s license.” Compl. ¶ 91.

       The Federal Defendants argue that Plaintiffs’ claims should be dismissed under Federal

Rules of Procedure 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6). The Court agrees.

       For same reasons stated above when discussing the District Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss

Plaintiff’s DPPA, SCA, and FWA claims, the Court holds that Plaintiff’s claims brought against

Federal Defendants under the same theories of liability are “bizarre conspiracy theories” that must

be dismissed. Plaintiff contends that they are “not the type of irrational, frivolous, and insubstantial

claims warranting dismissal,” Pl.’s Opp’n to Fed. Defs.’ Mot, but case law cuts clearly the other

way. The Court finds that the same analysis applies to Plaintiff’s FTCA claims as well.

       The Court GRANTS the Federal Defendants’ [28] Motion to Dismiss in its entirety.

                                        IV. CONCLUSION

       For the reasons set forth above, the Court shall GRANT both [24] and [28] Motions to

Dismiss and DISMISS Plaintiffs’ [17] Complaint in its entirety.

       An appropriate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.

                                                            /s/
                                                       COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY
                                                       United States District Judge

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