Court Opinion

ID: 904152
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-06-21 18:33:39.434398+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:09:01.169870
License: Public Domain

Case: 12-31114       Document: 00512281843         Page: 1     Date Filed: 06/20/2013

           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                    Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                           June 20, 2013

                                     No. 12-31114                          Lyle W. Cayce
                                   Summary Calendar                             Clerk

TYRONE BELLA, Individually, and on behalf of his minor son H.B.; KATHY
BELLA, Individually, and on behalf of her minor son H.B.,

                                                  Plaintiffs–Appellants
v.

CAROL DAVIS, Individually and in her official capacity as Assistant
Superintendent of the Terrebonne School Board; MARTIN PHILLIP,
Individually, and in his official capacity as a member of the Terrebonne
Parish School Board; M. TORBERT, Individually and in his official capacity
as Principal of Evergreen Junior High School; J. MARTIN, Individually and
in his official capacity as Assistant Principal of Evergreen Junior High
School; D. DILLARD, Individually and in his official capacity as Assistant
Principal of Evergreen Junior High School; TERREBONNE PARISH
SCHOOL BOARD,

                                                  Defendants–Appellees

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of Louisiana
                             USDC No. 2:11-cv-02614

Before SMITH, PRADO, and HIGGINSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*

       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
    Case: 12-31114       Document: 00512281843   Page: 2    Date Filed: 06/20/2013

                                  No. 12-31114

      Tyrone Bella and Kathy Bella filed this suit on behalf of themselves and
their minor son, H.B. (collectively “Appellants”), alleging a series of claims
arising out of a fight that injured H.B. at school. Some claims were voluntarily
dismissed and others were settled.       The district court granted summary
judgment against Appellants on their remaining claims. This appeal followed.
                               I. BACKGROUND
      H.B., a student at Evergreen Junior High, was involved in a fight at school
on August 23, 2011. The fight was allegedly the culmination of bullying and
threats H.B. had previously received. School officials had not been informed that
H.B. was being bullied or that a fight was being planned.           According to
Appellants, H.B. suffered a variety of injuries to his face and jaw as a result of
the fight.
      Appellants filed this suit on October 18, 2011, alleging various claims
arising under both state and federal law. Appellants pleaded claims against the
school board, school officials, the sheriff’s office, law enforcement officials,
students involved in the fight, and those students’ parents. On August 2, 2012,
Appellants settled their claims against the sheriff’s office and the law
enforcement officials. On October 25, 2012, Appellants voluntarily dismissed
their claims against the students and their parents.
      The remaining defendants—the school board and school officials—filed for
summary judgment on August 22, 2012. The district court granted summary
judgment on all remaining claims on September 26, 2012. Appellants thereafter
filed a timely appeal.
                              II. JURISDICTION
      Appellants seek review of a final decision of the district court. Therefore,
this Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

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     Case: 12-31114        Document: 00512281843          Page: 3     Date Filed: 06/20/2013

                                        No. 12-31114

                                    III. DISCUSSION
       A.     Supplemental Jurisdiction
       Appellants first argue that the district court erred in exercising
supplemental jurisdiction over their state-law negligence claim, discussed
below.1 The district court may exercise supplemental jurisdiction over state
claims that do not independently come within the court’s jurisdiction so long as
they form part of the same case or controversy as the claims which do fall within
the court’s original jurisdiction. Halmekangas v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co.,
603 F.3d 290, 293 (5th Cir. 2010); 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a). Under § 1367(a), the
question is whether the supplemental claims are so related to the original claims
that they derive from a common nucleus of operative fact. Id. We review the
district court’s exercise of supplemental jurisdiction for abuse of discretion.
Enochs v. Lampasas Cnty., 641 F.3d 155, 158 (5th Cir. 2011).
       Here, the district court did not abuse its discretion in exercising
supplemental jurisdiction over Appellants’ state law claims since those claims
arose from the same set of facts as their federal claims. Namely, Appellants’
entire suit was premised on alleged violations of law that occurred when H.B.
was injured during a fight at school. Since Appellants’ claims all focus on the
circumstances leading up to and following the fight, the claims arise from a
common nucleus of operative fact. Therefore, since Appellants were pressing a
combination of state and federal claims, it was within the district court’s
discretion to exercise supplemental jurisdiction. See Halmekangas, 603 F.3d at
293; 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a).

       1
         The parties’ briefs treat this case as one where the district court, having dismissed
all federal causes of action, nevertheless retained jurisdiction over pending state law claims.
Having reviewed the record, it does not appear that the district court retained jurisdiction over
state law causes of action. Rather, the summary judgment briefing and resultant order from
which this appeal arises involved both federal and state law claims, belying the suggestion
that the district court retained jurisdiction over state law claims after previously dismissing
all federal claims.

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                                        No. 12-31114

       B.     Negligence
       Appellants also challenge the district court’s decision to grant summary
judgment in Appellees’ favor on their state-law negligence claim. We review the
district court’s summary judgment determination de novo. Tolan v. Cotton, 713
F.3d 299, 304 (5th Cir. 2013). Summary judgment is appropriate if the movant
shows that there is no genuine dispute of material fact and that the movant is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id. (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a)). A
dispute is genuine if a reasonable jury could rule in favor of the nonmoving
party; and a fact issue is material if its resolution could affect the outcome of the
action. Id. As explained below, summary judgment was appropriate because
Louisiana law requires foreseeability or notice regarding the conduct at issue
and Appellants failed to present evidence on point.
       While Appellants’ complaint did not specify which statute they relied upon
to claim negligence, there are two statutory provisions which could support such
a claim: Louisiana Civil Code articles 23152 and 2320.3 Louisiana courts have
treated the two statutes “interchangeably;” liability under either statute
requires that school officials breach their duty of reasonable supervision over
students. Wallmuth v. Rapides Parish Sch. Bd., 813 So. 2d 341, 347 (La. 2002).
School boards, school officials, and teachers discharge their duty of reasonable
supervision when they provide reasonable, competent, and age-appropriate
supervision under the circumstances. Id. at 346. “Constant supervision of all
students is not possible nor required for educators to discharge their duty to
provide adequate supervision.” Id. Importantly, school officials cannot be found

       2
        “Every act whatever of man that causes damage to another obliges him by whose fault
it happened to repair it.” La. Civ. Code Ann. art. 2315.
       3
           “Teachers and artisans are answerable for the damage caused by their scholars or
apprentices, while under their superintendence. . . . [R]esponsibility only attaches, when the
. . . teachers . . . might have prevented the act which caused the damage . . . .” La. Civ. Code.
Ann. art. 2320.

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                                 No. 12-31114

negligent in their supervision unless the risk of unreasonable injury was
foreseeable, constructively known, or actually known.        Id.; Creekbaum v.
Livingston Parish Sch. Bd., 80 So. 3d 771, 773 (La. Ct. App. 2011); Agnor v.
Caddo Parish Sch. Bd., 936 So. 2d 865, 872 (La. Ct. App. 2006); Frazer v. St.
Tammany Parish Sch. Bd., 774 So. 2d 1227, 1232 (La. Ct. App. 2000).
      Here, Appellees were entitled to judgment as a matter of law because at
no point have Appellants alleged or presented evidence suggesting that the fight
that injured H.B. was foreseeable, constructively known, or actually known. No
such claim was made in their complaint, their briefing before the district court,
nor on appeal. In fact, Appellants undercut their own negligence claim insofar
as they state in their response to the motion for summary judgment that
“administrators knew nothing of the activity on their campus until it was
reported to them.” Furthermore, H.B. testified that he did not inform school
officials or his parents about bullying and fighting at school. Appellants have
not identified any evidence suggesting that Appellees foresaw or had notice of
fights in general or H.B.’s fight in particular. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(A).
Therefore, Appellants cannot maintain a negligence claim and summary
judgment was appropriate. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).
                             IV. CONCLUSION
      For the foregoing reasons, the district court’s judgment is AFFIRMED.

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