Court Opinion

ID: 2678589
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-06-16 23:01:17.959384+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:10:11.916912
License: Public Domain

Filed 6/16/14 Thompson v. OneWest Bank CA6
                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                      SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DEBBIE ALICE THOMPSON,                                               H038932
                                                                    (Santa Clara County
         Plaintiff and Appellant,                                    Super. Ct. No. 110CV186753)

         v.

ONEWEST BANK, FSB et al.,

         Defendants and Respondents.

                                              I. INTRODUCTION
         Plaintiff Debbie Alice Thompson, a self-represented litigant, filed an action
against defendants OneWest Bank, FSB (OneWest Bank)1; Bank of America; NDeX
West, LLC (NDeX West); and Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. (MERS)
alleging that defendants did not have the authority to foreclose on her property after she
stopped making payments on a loan. The trial court sustained defendants’ demurrer to
the second amended complaint without leave to amend and entered judgments of
dismissal. Thompson subsequently moved to vacate the judgment. The court denied the
motion and Thompson appeals.

         1
        OneWest Bank contends it was also erroneously sued in the name of its division
IndyMac Mortgage Services, which was erroneously named as IndyMac Mortgage
Servicing in Thompson’s pleadings.
       On appeal, we understand Thompson to contend that the trial court should not
have denied her motion to vacate the judgment, and that the court should not have
sustained the demurrer to the second amended complaint without leave to amend. For the
reasons stated below, we conclude that Thompson fails to show reversible error with
respect to the trial court’s denial of her motion to vacate the judgment and therefore we
will affirm the court’s order denying her motion. We also determine that her notice of
appeal is untimely to the extent it may be construed as an appeal from the judgments of
dismissal.
               II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
       A. Complaint
       In 2010, Thompson filed a verified complaint alleging that she purchased property
in Los Gatos in mid-2006. She subsequently refinanced with a $746,000 loan secured by
a deed of trust on the property. The loan had an adjustable interest rate, and Thompson
was ultimately “unable to continue with the escalating payments.” She stopped making
payments in August 2009. A notice of default was recorded in late 2009, and a notice of
trustee’s sale was recorded in 2010. In the complaint, which was filed before a
foreclosure sale took place, Thompson alleged causes of action for violation of the unfair
competition law (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 17200 et seq.), quiet title, declaratory relief, and
injunctive relief. Among other things, Thompson alleged that defendants did “not have
authority” to initiate the nonjudicial foreclosure process or to foreclose upon the property.
       B. First Amended Complaint
       In May 2011, in response to a demurrer by defendants, Thompson filed a first
amended complaint that contained a cause of action for “deception.” Defendants
demurred to the amended pleading. The trial court sustained the demurrer for failure to
allege sufficient facts and for uncertainty, with leave to amend.

                                             2
       C. Second Amended Complaint
       In October 2011, Thompson filed a verified second amended complaint against
defendants alleging nine causes of action, including statutory and tort claims. Thompson
sought, among other things, a declaration that defendants had “no right, title or interest in
the subject property and no power to foreclose,” and to have the foreclosure, which
allegedly took place on July 5, 2011, determined “Null and Void.”
       Defendants OneWest Bank, Bank of America, and MERS demurred to the second
amended complaint, and defendant NDex West filed a joinder to the demurrer.
Thompson filed written opposition. The trial court sustained defendants’ demurrer to the
second amended complaint on the ground of uncertainty without leave to amend.
       D. Judgments of Dismissal in Favor of Defendants
       Judgments of dismissal were subsequently filed in favor of defendants. On May 8,
2012, Thompson was served with a notice of entry of judgment in favor of defendant
NDeX West. On May 10, 2012, Thompson was served with a notice of entry of
judgment in favor of defendants OneWest Bank, Bank of America, and MERS.
       E. Motion to Vacate Judgment
       On June 11, 2012, Thompson filed a “motion to vacate void judgment – absence
of jurisdiction in personam and/or in rem.” In July 2012, she filed additional documents
in support of the motion. Defendants OneWest Bank, Bank of America, and MERS filed
opposition to the motion. After a hearing on the motion, the trial court denied
Thompson’s motion to vacate the judgment by written order filed on August 28, 2012.
The court determined that the “motion fail[ed] to establish a valid legal basis for the
requested relief.”
       On August 29, 2012, defendants OneWest Bank, Bank of America, and MERS
served Thompson with a notice of entry of order denying the motion to vacate the
judgment.

                                              3
       F. Notice of Appeal
       On October 24, 2012, Thompson filed a notice of appeal. In the notice, Thompson
indicated that she was appealing from the order denying her “Motion to Vacate
Judgment” that was entered on “August 29, 2012.”
                                      III. DISCUSSION
       We understand Thompson to contend that the trial court should have granted her
motion to vacate the judgment. We also understand Thompson to contend that the trial
court erred in sustaining defendants’ demurrer to her second amended complaint without
leave to amend. Thompson requests that this court “reverse the trial court’s order
regarding Defendants’ Demurrer to Plaintiff’s Second Amended Complaint in its entirety
reviving her action, granting leave to amend, or, remove the ‘with prejudice’ dismissal
allowing her to file a new suit for wrongful foreclosure . . . .”
       Defendants OneWest Bank, Bank of America, and MERS respond that
Thompson’s notice of appeal pertains to the order denying her motion to vacate judgment
but that order is not an appealable order. They further contend that the notice of appeal is
untimely with respect to the judgment of dismissal that was entered after the court
sustained the demurrer to the second amended complaint without leave to amend.
According to these defendants, Thompson’s motion to vacate the judgment did not
extend the time to appeal because it was not a “valid” motion to vacate the judgment
under California Rules of Court, rule 8.108(c).2 Lastly, these defendants argue that the
trial court did not err in sustaining the demurrer to the second amended complaint without
leave to amend. Defendant NDeX West joins in these arguments and raises additional
arguments as to why the demurrer was properly sustained without leave to amend.

       2
           All further rule references are to the California Rules of Court.

                                                4
       In her reply brief, we understand Thompson to contend that her motion to vacate
the judgment was based on Code of Civil Procedure section 473, subdivision (d),3 and
that this subdivision “allows a trial court to set aside a void judgment without mentioning
a time limit.”
       A. Appeal from the Order Denying the Motion to Vacate the Judgment
       Thompson indicates in her notice of appeal that she is appealing from the order
denying her “Motion to Vacate Judgment” that was entered on “August 29, 2012.”
       Defendants raise the issue of the appealability of this order. We will begin our
analysis by addressing that threshold issue.
       “The existence of an appealable order or judgment is a jurisdictional prerequisite
to an appeal. [Citation.] Accordingly, if the order or judgment is not appealable, the
appeal must be dismissed. [Citation.]” (Canandaigua Wine Co., Inc. v. County of
Madera (2009) 177 Cal. App. 4th 298, 302.) “ ‘ “While a denial of a motion to set aside a
previous judgment is generally not an appealable order, in cases where the law makes
express provision for a motion to vacate such as under Code of Civil Procedure
section 473, an order denying such a motion is regarded as a special order made after
final judgment and is appealable under Code of Civil Procedure section 904.1,
subdivision [(a)(2)].” ’ [Citation.]” (Doppes v. Bentley Motors, Inc. (2009) 174
Cal. App. 4th 1004, 1008.) Section 473, subdivision (d) provides in part that a court “may,
on motion of either party after notice to the other party, set aside any void judgment or
order.”
       In this case, Thompson did not cite section 473 in her motion to vacate the
judgment. We understand Thompson to be asserting for the first time in her reply brief
on appeal that her motion to vacate the judgment is based on section 473, subdivision (d).

       3
        All further statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless
otherwise indicated.

                                               5
Assuming that Thompson’s motion to vacate the judgment may be construed as being
based on that subdivision, and that therefore the order denying the motion is appealable,
Thompson fails to show that the trial court erred in denying the motion. Rather,
Thompson’s opening brief on appeal primarily addresses the trial court’s order sustaining
defendants’ demurrer to the second amended complaint without leave to amend and the
court’s subsequent judgments of dismissal.
       A trial court’s order is presumed correct and on appeal, error must be affirmatively
shown. (Denham v. Superior Court (1970) 2 Cal. 3d 557, 564.) The appellant therefore
has the burden of raising claims of “reversible error or other defect” and to “ ‘present
argument and authority on each point made’[citations].” (In re Sade C. (1996) 13 Cal. 4th
952, 994 (Sade C.).) Where the appellant fails to do so, “he [or she] may, in the court’s
discretion, be deemed to have abandoned his [or her] appeal. [Citation.]” (Ibid.)
       Thompson is not exempt from compliance with the rule that an appellant must
affirmatively show reversible error because she is representing herself on appeal. “Under
the law, a party may choose to act as his or her own attorney. [Citations.] ‘[S]uch a party
is to be treated like any other party and is entitled to the same, but no greater
consideration than other litigants and attorneys. [Citation.]’ [Citation].” (Nwosu v. Uba
(2004) 122 Cal. App. 4th 1229, 1246-1247.) Thus, a self-represented litigant is not
entitled to lenient treatment. (Rappleyea v. Campbell (1994) 8 Cal. 4th 975, 984-985.)
       In her opening brief on appeal, Thompson contends in a heading that the trial court
should have granted her motion to vacate the judgment. She does not fully develop the
contention in her brief and she does not support the contention with relevant legal
authority. (See Sade C., supra, 13 Cal.4th at p. 994 [an appellant must present argument
and authority on each point].) In her reply brief, we understand Thompson to argue that
the motion to vacate the judgment should have been granted because, “[i]f in fact
Defendant lacked standing to foreclose, then [the court] lacked fundamental authority
over the Defendant as it was not a party in interest of the subject property, making the

                                              6
judgment void.” Thompson does not cite relevant legal authority to support this
contention that the court lacked fundamental authority over any of the defendants. (See
Sade C., at p. 994.) We therefore determine that Thompson has not met her burden to
affirmatively show reversible error with respect to the trial court’s denial of her motion to
vacate the judgment. (See ibid.)
       We understand Thompson to argue for the first time in her reply brief that the
judgment should have been vacated because defendants obtained the judgment by fraud.
However, “[p]oints raised in the reply brief for the first time will not be considered,
unless good reason is shown for failure to present them before.” (Campos v. Anderson
(1997) 57 Cal. App. 4th 784, 794, fn. 3 (Campos).) “The California Supreme Court long
ago expressed its hostility to the practice of raising new issues in an appellate reply
brief.” (Reichardt v. Hoffman (1997) 52 Cal. App. 4th 754, 764.) “ ‘Obvious reasons of
fairness militate against consideration of an issue raised initially in the reply brief of an
appellant.’ [Citation.]” (Ibid.) Here, Thompson has not offered a reason for failing to
raise the issue of the judgment being obtained by fraud in her opening brief on appeal.
Accordingly, we will not consider this untimely issue. (Campos, supra, at p. 794, fn. 3.)
       B. Appeal from the Judgments
       As we have explained, Thompson’s notice of appeal pertains to the order denying
her motion to vacate the judgment, but her opening brief on appeal primarily addresses
the trial court’s order sustaining defendants’ demurrer to the second amended complaint
without leave to amend and the court’s subsequent judgments of dismissal. Defendants
contend that Thompson’s notice of appeal is untimely as to the judgments of dismissal.
       Assuming that Thompson’s notice of appeal may be construed as encompassing
the judgments of dismissal (but see Shiver, McGrane & Martin v. Littell (1990) 217
Cal. App. 3d 1041, 1045 [despite the rule favoring liberal construction, “a notice of appeal
will not be considered adequate if it completely omits any reference to the judgment

                                               7
being appealed”]), we determine that the notice of appeal is untimely as to those
judgments.
       “[T]he filing of a timely notice of appeal is a jurisdictional prerequisite. ‘Unless
the notice is actually or constructively filed within the appropriate filing period, an
appellate court is without jurisdiction to determine the merits of the appeal and must
dismiss the appeal.’ [Citations.] The purpose of this requirement is to promote the
finality of judgments by forcing the losing party to take an appeal expeditiously or not at
all. [Citation.]” (Silverbrand v. County of Los Angeles (2009) 46 Cal. 4th 106, 113
(Silverbrand).)
       The appropriate filing period for a notice of appeal is determined under the
California Rules of Court. Rule 8.104(a)(1) provides the general rule for filing a timely
notice of appeal: “a notice of appeal must be filed on or before the earliest of: [¶]
(A) 60 days after the superior court clerk serves on the party filing the notice of appeal a
document entitled ‘Notice of Entry’ of judgment or a file-stamped copy of the judgment,
showing the date either was served; [¶] (B) 60 days after the party filing the notice of
appeal serves or is served by a party with a document entitled ‘Notice of Entry’ of
judgment or a file-stamped copy of the judgment, accompanied by proof of service; or
[¶] (C) 180 days after entry of judgment.” (Italics added.) These time limits are not
extended when service is by mail. (§ 1013, subd. (a); Poster v. Southern Cal. Rapid
Transit Dist. (1990) 52 Cal. 3d 266, 274.)
       The time to file a notice of appeal may be extended where, as here, a motion to
vacate the judgment was filed. Rule 8.108(c) provides, “If, within the time prescribed by
rule 8.104 to appeal from the judgment, any party serves and files a valid notice of
intention to move–or a valid motion–to vacate the judgment, the time to appeal from the
judgment is extended for all parties until the earliest of: [¶] (1) 30 days after the superior
court clerk or a party serves, an order denying the motion or a notice of entry of that

                                              8
order; [¶] (2) 90 days after the first notice of intention to move–or motion–is filed; or
[¶] (3) 180 days after entry of judgment.” (Italics added.)
        In the present case, the record reflects that on May 8 and May 10, 2012,
defendants served notices of entry of the judgments of dismissal. Pursuant to rule
8.104(a)(1)(B), the time for Thompson to file a notice of appeal from the judgments of
dismissal expired 60 days later. Within that time frame, Thompson filed a motion to
vacate the judgment on June 11, 2012. Pursuant to rule 8.108(c), the time for her to file
an appeal from the judgment was therefore extended until the earliest of the three
timeframes set forth in that rule.
        The record reflects that Thompson filed the motion to vacate the judgment on
June 11, 2012. Pursuant to rule 8.108(c)(2), the time to appeal from the judgment
expired 90 days later. Because the 90th day was a Sunday, Thompson had until the next
day, September 10, 2012, to file her notice of appeal. (§§ 10, 12, 12a; Rule 8.60(a);
Silverbrand, supra, 46 Cal.4th at pp. 111-112, fn. 3.) Thompson did not file her notice of
appeal until October 24, 2012, and thus it was untimely.
        As rule 8.108(c) provides that the deadline for filing the notice of appeal is the
“earliest” of the three timeframes set forth in that rule, and in view of our determination
that the notice of appeal was untimely under subparagraph (2), we need not reach the
issue of whether the notice of appeal was untimely under the other timeframes. We
nevertheless observe that the notice of appeal was also untimely under subparagraph (1),
which provides that the notice of appeal must be filed within 30 days after service of a
notice of entry of the order denying the motion to vacate the judgment. In this case, the
notice of entry of the order denying the motion to vacate the judgment was served on
Thompson on August 29, 2012. The 30-day period expired on September 28, 2012, but
Thompson did not file her notice of appeal until the following month on October 24,
2012.

                                               9
      In view of our conclusion that Thompson’s notice of appeal is untimely as to the
judgments under rule 8.108(c), we need not address the issue of whether Thompson’s
motion to vacate the judgment was a “valid” motion as required by that rule.
                                   IV. DISPOSITION
      The August 2012 order denying plaintiff Debbie Alice Thompson’s motion to
vacate the judgment is affirmed.

                                           10
                             ___________________________________________
                             BAMATTRE-MANOUKIAN, ACTING P.J.

WE CONCUR:

__________________________
MIHARA, J.

__________________________
GROVER, J.

Thompson v. One West Bank
H038932