Court Opinion

ID: 9793390
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-31 02:46:48.159669+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:04:40.978223
License: Public Domain

JOHNSON, Justice
(dissenting).
I am unable to agree with the decision of the majority and am firmly of the opinion that the result reached is contrary to the established law in this jurisdiction. First: As I view the majority opinion it is now the law in this state that individual creditors of members of a partnership can have the partnership assets applied in liquidation of their claims before an accounting is had of the partnership and before the creditors of the partnership are satisfied. Second: By virtue of the majority opinion it is now possible under A.R.S. § 25-321, to modify a final judgment without filing a petition seeking a modification, without service of process on the defendant and without the presentation of evidence showing a change in circumstances and conditions.
The majority, decision correctly states the facts giving rise to this litigation, how*408ever, the record reveals additional facts which I believe are material to a correct answer to the problems involved and these will be set forth in discussing the various issues.
The majority opinion comes to the conclusion that the Arizona Hotel property is the community property of Gladys E. Porter and William Arnold Porter, because Gladys E. Porter in her complaint for separate maintenance alleged that the Arizona Hotel was community property and that the trial court in the final decree made a finding that “all of the allegations contained in the complaint are true.” The decree is silent as to any specific finding or conclusion that the Arizona Hotel property is community property, and as a matter of fact the court apparently declined to make such a conclusion, for we find this language in the decree entered on the 14th day of May, 1959:
“ * * * 5. That any community interest of the parties hereto in the Arizona Hotel, being Lots 1, 3 and 5 of Block 74, original townsite of Phoenix, according to the map of record in the office of the County Recorder of Maricopa County, Arizona, is hereby charged with payment of the support to the plaintiff, and that the lien hereinabove set forth is to affix to any community interest in the Arizona Hotel.” (Emphasis supplied.)
I cannot agree with the majority that merely because the trial court made a finding in the final decree of separate maintenance that all the material allegations of the complaint were true that this constituted an adjudication of the property rights of the parties. Such a finding is not a judgment, but merely the foundation for the judgment. This well established general rule of law is plainly stated in Higley v. Kinsman, Iowa, 216 N.W. 673, 676, as follows:
“It is a well established rule that it is only the decretal portion of a decree that is binding and becomes res adjudicata. The recital of facts in a decree is usual and is proper, but the rights of the parties are adjudicated, not by the recital of facts, but solely by the decretal portion of the decree. It is this -and this only that becomes the final judgment of the court, from which an appeal will lie.” (Citing cases.)
The language used in Galiger v. McNulty, 80 Mont. 339, 260 P. 401, 403 is particularly pertinent on this matter: “A judgment does not reside in its recitals but in the mandatory portion of it.” See also Holmes v. Holmes, 66 Wyo. 317, 211 P.2d 946.
I am therefore of the opinion that the trial court made no adjudication of the ownership of the Arizona Hotel, as the court’s finding that “ * * * all of the *409allegations contained in the complaint are true * * *was not followed by a corresponding provision in the decree that such property constituted community property of the parties.
Prior to the 14th day of May, 1959, when the decree of separate maintenance was entered the respondent court had issued an order to show cause to the receiver to appear and to show cause why he should not pay to Gladys E. Porter, the defendant in intervention, an amount for her support and the support of the minor children and also a sum for attorney’s fees, from the Arizona Hotel. In response the petitioners herein filed their motion to quash the order to show cause upon the grounds that it would be improper for the court to require the receiver of the Arizona Hotel property to pay the funds requested from property entrusted to him as receiver until a legal determination had been made as to whether the hotel property is the property of the partnership or the community property of William Arnold Porter and his wife, Gladys E. Porter. The respondent court denied the motion to quash.
The hearings on the order to show cause began on May 15, 1959, after the decree of separate maintenance had been entered and continued at various times until the 26th day of June, 1959. During the hearing of June 19, 1959, the following proceedings were had:
“Mr. Francis Wilson: I would like to ask you to clarify, or set the date, for the hearing on the determination of the ownership of the hotel.
“The Court: That matter, I am going to make some temporary orders to take care of things until then, but the matter as to ownership of the hotel is going to have to be tried out in the case in the main.” (Emphasis supplied.)
This language of the trial court made after the date of the decree of separate maintenance, shows beyond any question of a doubt that the court did not finally determine or decree that the Arizona Hotel was community property of the parties. How, then, when this question was not settled, can the majority decision hold that the decree of separate maintenance is res judicata as to the issue of the ownership of this property. This Court has stated in Manor v. Stevens, 61 Ariz. 511, 152 P.2d 133, 135, “ * * * it is a fundamental precept of the law of res judicata that the questions raised by the issues, actually litigated and determined by the judgment or decree, are settled thereby, and the judgment or decree may be relied upon as an estoppel by any party against any other party * * *(Emphasis supplied.)
At the conclusion of the hearing on the order to show cause on June 19, 1959, the court made the following orders:
*410“Therefore, it is ordered that the interest of William Arnold Porter in the Arizona Hotel be charged with the payment of the support and maintenance of Gladys E. Porter, and the minor children, in the sum of $300 per month, commencing May 15, 1959, and the payment of attorney’s fees in the sum of $5,000, as heretofore ordered by this Court, in the decree of separate maintenance.
“Mr. Francis Wilson: You mean $3,000?
“The Court: Did I say, $3,000 for support money and $5,000 attorney’s fees as set forth in the decree of separate maintenance. It is further ordered that until the issue of whether the plaintiff and defendant are the sole owners of the Arizona Hotel, or are partners with the interveners, Pearline Porter and Pauline P. Leonard, the receiver, Mr. Eubank, shall pay to said Gladys E. Porter towards the support for herself and the minor children the sum of $1,000 per month on the 15th day of each month, commencing June 15th —no, make it on the first day of each month, commencing on the first day of July, 1959, and on the first day of each month thereafter until a further order of the court.” .
The petitioners herein objected to the making of the above order upon the ground that the Court, by the making of the order, was indirectly ruling that the Arizona Hotel' was the community property of William A.. Porter and Gladys E. Porter, and not the-property of a partnership of which the petitioners were partners and that the ruling-was in effect deciding this question in a summary manner rather than in a trial of the issues created by the petitioners’ complaint in intervention and the answer of the-defendant in intervention.
I am of the opinion that the respondent court exceeded its jurisdiction in entering-the order requiring the receiver to pay to-Gladys E. Porter support money from the assets of the Arizona Hotel in view of the-complaint in intervention and answer thereto which were then at issue. The trial court had no jurisdiction to summarily determine-the question of the ownership of the hotel. The reason is, that to make such an order-directing the application of the property claimed by Gladys E. Porter would in effect be to deprive the petitioners herein of their property upon a summary proceeding and' without due process of law, Miller v. Gregory, 82 Cal.App. 634, 256 P. 431; Takahashi v. Kunishima, 34 Cal.App.2d 367, 93 P.2d 645; the trial court should have refrained from making any order requiring, the receiver to make payments to Gladys E. Porter, until the ownership and title to the hotel property was tried upon the complaint in intervention and a judgment regularly-entered which would bind the parties thereto.
*411It is further stated in the majority decision that “ * * * The presumption that it (Arizona Hotel) is community property therefore obtains and will continue to prevail in favor of Gladys E. Porter until it is •destroyed by evidence to the contrary.” I .am definitely of the opinion that whatever presumption prevailed in favor of Gladys E. Porter that the hotel property was community property completely disappeared “in the sunshine of actual facts,” Seiler v. Whiting, 52 Ariz. 542, 84 P.2d 452, 455; for at the hearing of June 19, 1959, the respondent court admitted in evidence a lease executed by Gladys E. Porter, leasing space in the Arizona Hotel, the preamble of which recited that the lessors, William A. Porter, Gladys E. Porter, and the petitioners herein were partners; and as we said in the Seiler case “ * * * The presumption, when the opposite party has produced prima facie evidence, has spent its force and served its purpose, and the party then, in whose favor the presumption operated, must meet his opponent’s prima facie evidence with evidence, and not presumptions. * * * ”
The net result of the majority opinion in upholding the action of the trial court in •ordering the receiver to pay to Gladys E. Porter the sum of $1,000 per month for support of herself and minor children from the Arizona Hotel prior to an adjudication and a decree that such property was community property of William A. Porter and Gladys E. Porter, permits an individual creditor of a member of a partnership to have partnership property applied in liquidation of her claim before an accounting is had of the partnership and before the creditors of the partnership are satisfied.
Until an accounting is had it cannot be known what property will have to be used to satisfy the partnership creditors and what property will remain after the partnership creditors are satisfied which would be available for the satisfaction of creditors of the individual partners. Prior to that time a partner’s interest in partnership property is subj ect neither to attachment or to levy under execution to satisfy a judgment against him individually as distinguished from a judgment based on a claim against the partnership itself. Sherwood v. Jackson, 121 Cal.App. 354, 8 P.2d 943.
This Court has decided in Olds Bros. Lumber Co. v. Marley, 72 Ariz. 392, 236 P.2d 464, following the generally established rule, that members of a partnership have a right to have partnership assets applied in liquidation of partnership debts before any one of the partners or his individual creditors can claim any right or title to such assets. •
I disagree with the statement in the majority opinion that the trial court had jurisdiction to temporarily reduce the amount of support money from $3,000 to $1,000 per month.
*412While this question was not raised by the pleadings in this court nor did the parties dispute the trial court’s order reducing the amount of support money as provided in the decree of separate maintenance, nevertheless, the effect of the opinion of the majority is so contrary to our established principles of law that I feel constrained to take issue.
I concede that if Gladys E. Porter had petitioned the lower court for a modification of the decree of separate maintenance and had secured service, either personal or constructive, of said petition and notice of hearing, upon her husband, William A. Porter, then under the authority of A.R.S. § 25-321, after an appearance or default of her husband, and a hearing on the petition, the decree could be modified, assuming of course, that the court was satisfied from the evidence that there had been a change of circumstances and conditions since the entering of the original decree. Cone v. Righetti, 73 Ariz. 271, 240 P.2d 541, Burk v. Burk, 68 Ariz. 305, 205 P.2d 583 and Gotthelf v. Gotthelf, 38 Ariz. 369, 300 P. 186.
However, it appears from the record before this court that the respondent trial court, after the decree of separate maintenance had become final, and without any request or petition therefor and without any type of notice to or service upon the defendant husband, modified the judgment by reducing the amount of support money; entirely disregarding the provisions of A.R.S. § 25-321, which provides that “ * * * on petition of either party * * * ”, the final judgment may be modified. It is elementary that such final judgment cannot be modified without service of process, Article 2, Section 4, Arizona Constitution, A.R.S., and notice to the defendant, an opportunity to be heard and the presentation of evidence warranting a change in the original decree. None of these jurisdictional steps were taken — therefore the respondent trial court was completely without jurisdiction to modify the decree. McDonnell v. Southern Pacific Company, 79 Ariz. 10, 281 P.2d 792.
I would make permanent the writ of prohibition heretofore issued.