Court Opinion

ID: 182831
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2011-01-14 19:36:36+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:26:01.400582
License: Public Domain

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

              IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                     FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________                  FILED
                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                             No. 10-10025                ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                         Non-Argument Calendar             JANUARY 14, 2011
                       ________________________               JOHN LEY
                                                               CLERK
                   D.C. Docket No. 1:07-cv-01565-BBM

CRYSTAL COMMODORE PIPPEN,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                  versus

GEORGIA-PACIFIC GYPSUM, LLC,

                                                         Defendant-Appellee.

                      ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Northern District of Georgia
                      ________________________

                            (January 14, 2011)

Before TJOFLAT, CARNES and WILSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
      Crystal Commodore Pippen filed pro se a complaint against her former

employer, Georgia-Pacific Gypsum LLC, claiming discrimination and retaliation

in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e–2(a),

2000e–3(a). Pippen committed numerous discovery violations, resulting in

multiple court orders compelling her to provide specified information and

imposing various monetary and evidentiary sanctions. On October 26, 2009, the

district court entered an order holding Pippen in contempt and dismissing her

action with prejudice under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 37(b)(2)(A)(v) and

41(b). Although recognizing it was an extreme remedy, the district court found

that dismissal with prejudice was warranted “based on [Pippen’s] repeated refusals

to provide discovery information, contravention of a clear court order, deceit in

denying that she received a copy of [an order dated October 3, 2008 compelling

her to attend her reconvened deposition], relitigation of already-decided issues,

and continued obstreperousness after the imposition of lesser sanctions.”

Consistent with its October 26 order, on that same day the district court entered

judgment in favor of Georgia-Pacific.

      On November 13, 2009, Pippen filed a motion for reconsideration, which

the district court denied in a December 3, 2009 order. Pippen filed her notice of

                                         2
appeal on December 23, 2009, appealing “the judgment of the trial court entered

on the 3rd day of December 2009.”

                                          I.

      Georgia-Pacific contends that we lack jurisdiction because Pippen’s notice

of appeal from the October 26, 2009 final judgment was untimely, not having been

filed until December 23, 2009. While the motion for reconsideration Pippen filed

on November 13, 2009 was labeled a Federal Rule of Procedure 59 motion, we

construe it as a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) motion. See Finch v. City of

Vernon, 845 F.2d 256, 257–59 (11th Cir. 1988) (construing a motion to reconsider

that was filed under Rule 60 to be a Rule 59(e) motion); see also Mahone v. Ray,

326 F.3d 1176, 1177–78 n.1 (11th Cir. 2003) (construing an undesignated motion

to reconsider as a Rule 60(b) motion). As a Rule 60(b) motion, it operated to toll

the time for filing a notice of appeal until it was denied on December 3, 2009

because it was timely filed on November 13, 2009. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(vi)

(“If a party timely files in the district court any of the following motions under the

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the time to file an appeal runs . . . from the entry

of the order disposing of the last such remaining motion . . . for relief under Rule

60 if the motion is filed no later than 28 days after the judgment is entered.”). The

filing of the notice of appeal on December 23, 2009 was timely because it was

                                          3
filed within 30 days of the denial of the motion for reconsideration. Fed. R. App.

P. 4(a)(1)(A), 4(a)(4)(A)(vi).

      Georgia-Pacific also contends that because the pro se notice of appeal failed

to expressly “designate the judgment, order or part thereof being appealed,”

Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 3(c)(1)(B) confines our review to the

reconsideration order and places the judgment itself and all orders leading up to it

outside of this Court’s jurisdiction. But we “liberally construe the requirements of

Rule 3.” KH Outdoor, LLC v. City of Trussville, 465 F.3d 1256, 1260 (11th Cir.

2006) (quoting Smith v. Barry, 502 U.S. 244, 248, 112 S.Ct. 678, 681 (1992)).

Doing so allows judgments and orders that are not expressly designated to be

reviewed “where the intent to appeal an unmentioned or mislabeled ruling is

apparent and there is no prejudice to the adverse party.” Campbell v. Wainwright,

726 F.2d 702, 704 (11th Cir.1984). And when we have jurisdiction over a final

judgment, we also have jurisdiction over all earlier interlocutory orders that

produced the judgment. Barfield v. Brierton, 883 F.2d 923, 931 (11th Cir. 1989).

      The notice of appeal sufficiently shows an intent to appeal the October 26,

2009 judgment because it expressly mentions “judgment” and asserts that

“because the dismissal was with prejudice, it can be appealed.” No prejudice to

Georgia-Pacific will result from our construction of the notice of appeal to include

                                          4
the final judgment because Georgia-Pacific has fully briefed the merits of the

district court’s final judgment, dismissal order, and the interlocutory orders that

Pippen challenges.1

                                               II.

       Turning to the merits of Pippen’s appeal, she appears to contend that the

district court improperly ruled on two motions in an interlocutory order dated June

10, 2009—the grant of Georgia-Pacific’s motion to compel and for sanctions and

the denial of Pippen’s motion to disqualify;2 improperly held her in contempt and

dismissed her case in its October 26, 2009 final judgment and order; and

improperly denied her motion for reconsideration.

                                               A.

       1
         Georgia-Pacific also contends we have no jurisdiction to review the order denying
Pippen’s motion for reconsideration. It argues that the district court lacked power under Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 6 to extend time limits on filing and decide the motion. Fed. R. Civ. P.
6(b)(2). And because of that we have no jurisdiction to review that order.

        Rule 6(b)(2), however, is a claims-processing rule and does not affect the scope of our
jurisdiction. Advanced Bodycare Solutions, LLC v. Thione Intern., Inc., 615 F.3d 1352, 1359
(11th Cir. 2010). Because Georgia-Pacific alternatively argues that the decision on the merits of
the reconsideration order was within the district court’s discretion and we agree, we need not
address its objection regarding the district court’s lack of claims-processing power.
       2
         Pippen has abandoned any arguments about the other rulings in the June 10, 2009 order
by failing to challenge those specific rulings in her appeal. See Denney v. City of Albany, 247
F.3d 1172, 1182 (11th Cir. 2001).

                                                5
      We review rulings on motions to compel and for sanctions under Federal

Rule of Civil Procedure 37(a)(2) only for an abuse of discretion. As we have

already mentioned, Pippen committed various violations of discovery requests and

orders including repeated refusals to fully answer interrogatories and deposition

questions pertaining to discoverable information. The district court did not abuse

its discretion in granting that motion.

      Pippen’s “motion to disqualify” was also properly denied. Pippen argues

that because the magistrate judge and the principal counsel in Georgia-Pacific’s

litigation department teach adjunct at the same university, recusal of the magistrate

judge is required. Under 28 U.S.C. § 144, a judge must recuse herself when a

party “files a timely and sufficient affidavit that the judge . . . has a personal bias

or prejudice . . . in favor of any adverse party.” 28 U.S.C. § 144. To warrant

recusal, “the moving party must allege facts that would convince a reasonable

person that bias actually exists.” Christo v. Padgett, 223 F.3d 1324, 1333 (11th

Cir. 2000). Under § 455(a), a judge must “disqualify [her]self in any proceeding

in which [her] impartiality might reasonably be questioned.” 28 U.S.C. § 455(a).

This Court looks to “whether an objective, disinterested, lay observer fully

informed of the facts underlying the grounds on which recusal was sought would

entertain a significant doubt about the judge’s impartiality.” Parker v. Connors

                                            6
Steel Co., 855 F.2d 1510, 1524 (11th Cir. 1988). Teaching as an adjunct at the

same university would not, without more, convince a reasonable person that bias

exists or create doubt about impartiality to a disinterested lay observer.

                                          B.

      We also review orders granting motions for contempt under Rule 37(b)(2)

and orders granting motions to dismiss with prejudice under Rule 37(b)(2) and

41(b) only for an abuse of discretion. Betty K. Agencies Ltd. v. M/V MONADA,

432 F.3d 1333, 1337 (11th Cir. 2005); see also Citronelle-Mobile Gathering, Inc.

v. Watkins, 943 F.2d 1297, 1305 (11th Cir. 1991). Dismissal under those rules,

while an extreme sanction, is appropriate where “a party engages in a clear pattern

of delay or willful contempt (contumacious conduct); and the district court

specifically finds that lesser sanctions would not suffice.” Betty K. Agencies Ltd.,

432 F.3d at 1337–38. As we have already mentioned, Pippen has engaged in a

“clear pattern” of “contumacious conduct” by repeatedly refusing to provide

discoverable information, contravening clear court orders, deceitfully denying

receipt of a court order, and regularly rehashing already-decided issues. The

district court also specifically found that given Pippen’s “continued

obstreperousness” in the face of lesser sanctions, imposing lesser sanctions would

                                          7
be an exercise in futility. The district court did not abuse its discretion by holding

Pippen in contempt or by dismissing Pippen’s action with prejudice.

                                      C.

      Finally, we review a district court’s denial of a motion for reconsideration

only for an abuse of discretion. Because Pippen identified no newly-discovered

evidence or manifest errors of law or fact and merely attempted to relitigate

matters the district court had already decided, that court did not abuse its

discretion in denying Pippen’s motion for reconsideration. See Arthur v. King,

500 F.3d 1335, 1343 (11th Cir. 2007) (per curiam).

      AFFIRMED.

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