Court Opinion

ID: 2788570
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-03-23 20:06:34.818216+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:28:47.200540
License: Public Domain

This opinion will be unpublished and
                         may not be cited except as provided by
                         Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                              STATE OF MINNESOTA
                              IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                    A14-1457

                              Danny Hamilton, petitioner,
                                     Appellant,

                                          vs.

                                  State of Minnesota,
                                     Respondent.

                                Filed March 23, 2015
                                      Affirmed
                                    Hooten, Judge

                            Hennepin County District Court
                              File No. 27-CR-10-17596

Danny Hamilton, Owatonna, Minnesota (pro se appellant)

Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and

Michael O. Freeman, Hennepin County Attorney, Jean Burdorf, Assistant County
Attorney, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for respondent)

      Considered and decided by Schellhas, Presiding Judge; Stauber, Judge; and

Hooten, Judge.

                       UNPUBLISHED OPINION

HOOTEN, Judge

      Pro se appellant challenges the denial of his postconviction petition following his

direct appeal, arguing that the postconviction court erred by concluding that his claims
were without merit and were barred under State v. Knaffla, 309 Minn. 246, 252, 243
N.W.2d 737, 741 (1976). We affirm.

                                          FACTS

       In 2010, appellant Danny Hamilton was charged with first-degree criminal sexual

conduct and first-degree aggravated robbery.        After the sexual assault, the victim

underwent a sexual-assault examination. A nurse swabbed the victim’s mouth, vagina,

rectum, and perineal area.      A serologist from the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal

Apprehension (BCA) determined that the best source of potential DNA evidence was

from the perineal swab. A BCA forensic scientist tested the perineal swab, but the

remaining swabs were not tested. Upon testing of the perineal swab, DNA from the

sperm of an unidentified male was found, but Hamilton’s DNA was not found.

       At trial, the victim testified that Hamilton sexually assaulted her orally, vaginally,

and anally. In addition to the victim’s testimony, the state’s evidence against Hamilton

included evidence of the victim’s numerous physical injuries, testimony about “fresh”

wounds on Hamilton’s hands and blood on his clothes on the night of the incident, and a

neighbor’s testimony that she heard a woman “wailing” and “crying” at the scene of the

crime. Hamilton testified in his own defense, admitting that he had oral sex with the

victim, but claiming that it was consensual.

       Hamilton was convicted of both offenses. He appealed his convictions directly to

this court, arguing that: (1) prosecutorial misconduct in his first trial barred re-

prosecution under the Double Jeopardy Clause; (2) the prosecutor’s peremptory strike of

the only African American member of the jury panel was racially motivated; (3) the

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postconviction court erred by excluding evidence under the rape shield rule; and (4) the

evidence was insufficient to convict him. State v. Hamilton, No. A11-115, 2012 WL
5747, at *1 (Minn. App. Jan. 3, 2012), review denied (Minn. Mar. 28, 2012). We

affirmed. Id.

       Subsequently, Hamilton sought postconviction relief, arguing that the failure of his

trial and appellate counsel to request and obtain independent DNA testing of the victim’s

rectal and vaginal swabs constituted ineffective assistance of counsel, and that DNA

testing should now be performed on the swabs. The postconviction court concluded that

Hamilton’s claims were without merit and were procedurally barred under Knaffla. This

appeal followed.

                                     DECISION

       When direct appeal is no longer available, a person convicted of a crime who

claims that the conviction violated his or her rights may file a postconviction petition to

vacate and set aside the judgment.        Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 1 (2014).        “In

postconviction proceedings, the burden is on the petitioner to establish, by a fair

preponderance of the evidence, facts that warrant relief.” Williams v. State, 692 N.W.2d
893, 896 (Minn. 2005). “Allegations in a postconviction petition must be more than

argumentative assertions without factual support.” McKenzie v. State, 754 N.W.2d 366,

369 (Minn. 2008) (quotations omitted).          “We review a denial of a petition for

postconviction relief . . . for an abuse of discretion. A postconviction court abuses its

discretion when its decision is based on an erroneous view of the law or is against logic

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and the facts in the record.” Riley v. State, 819 N.W.2d 162, 167 (Minn. 2012) (quotation

and citations omitted).

                                               I.

       Hamilton argues that, where the state did not conduct DNA testing of the victim’s

rectal and vaginal swabs, his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to

conduct such tests. He alleges that his trial counsel failed to conduct DNA testing of the

swabs because the tests were too expensive or would take too long, and he argues that

these reasons are insufficient to excuse his trial counsel’s lack of diligence in performing

such tests.

       “[W]here direct appeal has once been taken, all matters raised therein, and all

claims known but not raised, will not be considered upon a subsequent petition for

postconviction relief.” Knaffla, 309 Minn. at 252, 243 N.W.2d at 741. “There are two

exceptions to the Knaffla rule: (1) if a novel legal issue is presented, or (2) if the interests

of justice require review.” Schleicher v. State, 718 N.W.2d 440, 447 (Minn. 2006)

(quotation omitted).      “A claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel that can be

decided on the basis of the trial court record must be brought on direct appeal and is

procedurally barred when raised in a [subsequent] postconviction petition.” White v.

State, 711 N.W.2d 106, 110 (Minn. 2006) (quotation omitted).

       Hamilton’s claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel is barred under Knaffla

because, at the time of his direct appeal, he knew that the victim’s rectal and vaginal

swabs were not tested, yet he did not raise this claim. See 309 Minn. at 252, 243 N.W.2d
4
at 741. Hamilton does not argue that his claim falls under either of the two Knaffla

exceptions.

       Even if this claim were not Knaffla-barred, however, it would fail on the merits.

To prevail on his ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim, Hamilton must show

“(1) [that] his counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness,

and (2) that a reasonable probability exists that the outcome would have been different

but for counsel’s errors.” Andersen v. State, 830 N.W.2d 1, 10 (Minn. 2013); see also

Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984). Hamilton’s

claim fails both prongs of the Strickland test.

       “There is a strong presumption that counsel’s performance was reasonable.”

Schleicher, 718 N.W.2d at 447 (quotation omitted). “Analysis of the performance prong

generally does not include reviewing attacks on counsel’s trial strategy because trial

strategy lies within the discretion of trial counsel.” Id. (quotation and citation omitted).

We conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion by finding that the decision

not to order additional DNA testing of the rectal and vaginal swabs was part of the trial

counsel’s strategy. As the postconviction court articulated:

              [D]efense counsel used the lack of testing to argue reasonable
              doubt on behalf of [Hamilton]. Defense counsel argued that
              [the] lack of testing results—and the lack of a request for
              testing by the [s]tate—[w]as a failure to do good police work,
              as part of an overall attack on the [s]tate’s case. The record
              makes it clear that the defense strategy was to use the lack of
              testing as grounds for why the jury should have reasonable
              doubt as to [Hamilton’s] guilt. Seeking independent DNA
              testing may have undermined this argument.

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The postconviction court’s findings of fact are not clearly erroneous, and it correctly

applied the law. Therefore, Hamilton has not shown that his trial counsel’s performance

fell below an objective standard of reasonableness.

       As to the prejudice prong, Hamilton argues that DNA testing of the victim’s rectal

and vaginal swabs could have proven that he did not have anal or vaginal sex with the

victim, which would have supported his consent defense. But, neither anal nor vaginal

penetration is an essential element of Hamilton’s conviction. See Minn. Stat. §§ 609.342,

subd. 1e(i) (2008) (requiring “the actor [to cause] personal injury” by using “force or

coercion to accomplish sexual penetration”), .341, subd. 12 (2008) (including oral sex in

the definition of “sexual penetration”). Moreover, the jury heard ample evidence that

supported the criminal sexual conduct conviction, including the victim’s testimony,

documentary evidence of the victim’s physical injuries, testimony about “fresh” wounds

on Hamilton’s hands, and a neighbor’s testimony that she heard a woman screaming.

Hamilton has not shown that there is a reasonable probability that the result of the trial

would have been different if his trial counsel had ordered additional DNA testing.

       Accordingly, the postconviction court did not abuse its discretion by rejecting

Hamilton’s claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel.

                                              II.

       Hamilton also argues that his appellate counsel provided ineffective assistance by

failing to raise a claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel on direct appeal.

       “The basic standard for judging a claim of ineffective assistance of appellate

counsel is the same as that applied to trial counsel’s performance.” Jama v. State, 756

                                               6
N.W.2d 107, 113 n.2 (Minn. App. 2008). An ineffective assistance of appellate counsel

claim “is not barred by Knaffla because [appellant] could not have known of ineffective

assistance of his appellate counsel at the time of his direct appeal.” Schneider v. State,

725 N.W.2d 516, 521 (Minn. 2007). “[T]o prevail on [an] ineffective assistance of

appellate counsel claim” premised on appellate counsel’s failure to raise an ineffective

assistance of trial counsel claim, an appellant “must first show that his trial counsel was

ineffective.” Id.

       Because Hamilton’s ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim is without merit,

his appellate counsel did not provide ineffective assistance by failing to raise this claim

on direct appeal. See id.; see also Case v. State, 364 N.W.2d 797, 800 (Minn. 1985)

(“When an appellant and his counsel have divergent opinions as to what issues should be

raised on appeal, his counsel has no duty to include claims which would detract from

other more meritorious issues.”). The postconviction court did not abuse its discretion by

denying Hamilton’s postconviction petition on this ground.

                                             III.

       Finally, Hamilton argues that the postconviction court should have granted his

postconviction request for DNA testing of the victim’s rectal and vaginal swabs in the

interest of justice.

               A person convicted of a crime may make a motion for the
               performance of . . . forensic DNA testing to demonstrate the
               person’s actual innocence if . . . the evidence was not subject
               to the testing because either the technology for the testing was
               not available at the time of the trial or the testing was not
               available as evidence at the time of the trial.

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Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 1a(a)(2) (2014).

       Hamilton’s claim cannot be sustained because the technology for the DNA testing

that he now seeks, and the use of such testing as evidence, was available at the time of

trial, as demonstrated by the fact that DNA testing of the victim’s perineal swab was

performed and the results were used as evidence in Hamilton’s trial. See Riley, 819
N.W.2d at 172 (holding that appellant’s motion for DNA testing of evidence “fails to

satisfy the requirements of subdivision 1a(a)(2) because [appellant] has not established

any change in . . . forensic testing in the time since his trial that would materially change

the types of testing available or testing available as evidence”). Hamilton has not shown

that he is entitled to relief on this ground, and the postconviction court did not abuse its

discretion by rejecting this claim.

       Affirmed.

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