Court Opinion

ID: 9726834
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-26 13:10:16.64735+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:25:31.192302
License: Public Domain

HOFFMAN, Presiding Judge.
This is an appeal from an order waiving juvenile jurisdiction over Kathy Jonaitis. Following the Porter County Juvenile Court’s waiver of jurisdiction, Jonaitis pled guilty to dealing in marijuana, a class D felony,1 in exchange for an agreement by the State to dismiss two charges of dealing in phencyclidine.2 She received a two-year sentence which was suspended with certain conditions.
The issues raised by Jonaitis have been combined and restated as follows:
(1) whether Jonaitis was charged with an act that was part of a repetitive pattern of delinquent acts;
(2) whether Jonaitis was beyond rehabilitation under the juvenile justice system;
(3) whether there was sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s finding that it was in the best interests of the community that Jonaitis stand trial as an adult; and
(4) whether Jonaitis’ Sixth Amendment right of confrontation was denied when the trial court admitted into evidence laboratory reports on the substances delivered by Jonaitis to an undercover police officer.
IC 1971, 31-6-2-4 (Burns Code Ed.) provides:
“(a) Waiver of jurisdiction refers to an order of the juvenile court that waives the case to a court that would have jurisdiction had the act been committed by an adult. Waiver is for the offense charged and all included offenses.
“(b) Upon motion of the prosecutor and after full investigation and hearing, the juvenile court may waive jurisdiction if it finds that:
(1) the child is charged with an act:
*142(A) that is heinous or aggravated, with greater weight given to acts against the person than to acts against property; or
(B) that is a part of a repetitive pattern of delinquent acts, even though less serious;
(2) the child was fourteen (14) years of age or older when the act charged was allegedly committed;
(3) there is probable cause to believe that the child committed the act;
(4) the child is beyond rehabilitation under the juvenile justice system; and
(5) it is in the best interests of the safety and welfare of the community that he stand trial as an adult.”
The charges against Jonaitis involved drug transactions on March 1, March 18, and April 24, 1980. Prior to this time, Jonaitis had had no contact with the juvenile justice system. Jonaitis basically contends that before the trial court could find that there was a repetitive pattern of delinquent acts, there should have been evidence of prior referrals of Jonaitis to the juvenile court.
IC 1971, 31-6-4—1(a)(1) (1980 Burns Supp.) provides: “A child commits a delinquent act if, before his eighteenth birthday, he: (1) commits an act that would be a crime if committed by an adult....” The statute does not provide for a fact-finding hearing and judgment. It merely defines “delinquent act.” It is this definition which must be applied in waiver hearings.
IC 1971, 31-6-4-14 does provide for a fact-finding hearing and judgment in a juvenile delinquency proceeding. In such cases, the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the juvenile committed the delinquent acts. Matter of Ort (1980), Ind.App., 407 N.E.2d 1162. This is not a delinquency hearing however. We are concerned here only with the waiver of jurisdiction by the juvenile court. In waiver cases, the State need only prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the prerequisites to the waiver exist. Imel v. State (1976), 168 Ind.App. 384, 342 N.E.2d 897. To accept Jonaitis’ definition of “delinquent act” would mean requiring the State to first obtain an adjudication of delinquency, with the required criminal standard of proof, in order to establish by a preponderance of the evidence in the waiver hearing that a delinquent act was committed. This result clearly could not have been intended by the Legislature. To the contrary, the Legislature defined “delinquent act” in IC 1971, 31-6-4-1. The State must establish by only a preponderance of the evidence that the child has committed acts which would be crimes if committed by an adult in order to support the trial court’s waiver.
Additionally, this Court and the Indiana Supreme Court both have held that a waiver is not an adjudication of delinquency. To hold otherwise would mean that an adjudication of delinquency would be res judi-cata in the criminal trial subsequent to any waiver, not to mention the grave double jeopardy problems which would be created by such reasoning.
See Walker v. State (1976), 265 Ind. 8, 349 N.E.2d 161, cert. den., 429 U.S. 943, 97 S.Ct. 363, 50 L.Ed.2d 313; Bey v. State (1979), Ind.App., 385 N.E.2d 1153 and the cases therein.
Jonaitis was charged with two counts of dealing in a Schedule III controlled substance and one count of dealing in marijuana as a result of three separate transactions which occurred on three separate occasions. All three were acts which would be offenses if committed by an adult.3 The trial court did not err in finding Jonaitis was charged with acts which were repetitive and constituted a pattern of delinquent acts.
Jonaitis also contends that the trial court erred in finding that she was beyond rehabilitation under the juvenile justice system. She alleges that there was insufficient evidence to support such a finding and that the trial court found that she was beyond rehabilitation under the juvenile justice system simply because she was eighteen years of age.
*143The waiver order states, in pertinent part:
“4. The acts as charged are repititive [sic] and constitute a pattern of delinquent acts occurring on three separate dates. Said child is beyond rehabilitation under the juvenile justice system inasmuch as since she has now turned 18 years of age, should she be found delinquent in the juvenile system, the most restrictive disposition available to the Court would be that of ‘probation’ or, placing the child under the supervision of the Probation Department, should [sic] such probation in any [sic] be violated by the juvenile, there would be no more restrictive disposition available to the juvenile [sic] Court.”
Record at 31.
The trial judge did not find that simply because Jonaitis was eighteen years of age she was beyond rehabilitation in the juvenile justice system. Instead, he recognized the limited options for disposition available to him in the juvenile system due to her age, and determined that those options were not adequate for Jonaitis and therefore she was beyond rehabilitation under the juvenile justice system.
The question then becomes whether the finding that Jonaitis was beyond rehabilitation under the juvenile justice system was supported by sufficient evidence. It was.
In reviewing an order waiving jurisdiction, the appellate court does not weigh the evidence, but looks only to that evidence which supports the trial court’s judgment. The record of the waiver hearing may be used to supplement the reasons for waiver as stated by the juvenile judge. Bey v. State (1979), Ind.App., 385 N.E.2d 1153.
Martin Swinehart, Juvenile Probation Officer for Porter County, testified as follows:
“Q. All right, Mr. Swinehart, is there any placement in the juvenile system which you think would be appropriate for Kathy Jonaitis?
♦ # # # sk *
“A. At this point, I don’t know if I could make an absolute judgment on that. But from the circumstances that I know of and all the information that I have, I don’t believe, no, that any of the institutions regarding juveniles, group homes, state institutions, I don’t believe there are any that would be appropriate.
“Q. Then what would be the only alternative that would be left for Kathy if she were to remain in the juvenile system?
“A. As in my earlier testimony, I stated that I don’t think that I would recommend probation but the only possible alternative would be probation, and under those circumstances, regarding the needs of the juvenile which in this ease could possibly be substance abuse, drug abuse counseling, that type of thing. That would be my concern and under the juvenile jurisdiction if she was placed on probation at the time that a violation against that probation would be made, we would have no alternatives at that point. She could not have—there is no clout as far as the possibility of using state institutions like Girls’ School or anything like that, and there would be no other possible alternatives. So probation actually would be useless, I would say.
“Q. Do you think that in light of all the testimony and in your opinion, is Kathy a good candidate for rehabilitation within the juvenile system?
“A. No.
“Q. What is your recommendation for disposition in this case?
“A. As I stated earlier, from all the indications I have and all the information I have, it would lean toward and suggest a waiver to adult court.
“Q. Are you saying that you would suggest that?
“A. Yes.”
Record at 160-163.
It is not necessary for the trial court to recount all possible alternative juvenile dis*144positions available to it before concluding that none are appropriate. The court is aware of its resources. Strosnider v. State (1981), Ind.App., 422 N.E.2d 1325. The trial court in this instance could have concluded from the evidence produced that the dispositions available within the juvenile justice system were inadequate in this particular case. There was no error in finding that Jonaitis was beyond rehabilitation in the juvenile justice system.
Likewise, the trial court did not err in finding that it was in the best interests of the community that Jonaitis stand trial as an adult. Because she was involved in a repetitive pattern of delinquent acts and because she was beyond rehabilitation under the juvenile justice system, it was in the best interests of the community that Jonai-tis stand trial as an adult.4 Being beyond rehabilitation in the juvenile system, had Jonaitis not stood trial as an adult, there would have been no means of either prohibiting her actions or making her accountable for her illegal conduct. Therefore, it was in the best interests of the community that Jonaitis stand trial as an adult in order to inhibit drug dealing in the community.
Finally, Jonaitis argues that her Sixth Amendment right of confrontation was denied when the trial court admitted into evidence the laboratory reports on the substances delivered by Jonaitis to the undercover police officer. She claims that the reports were hearsay evidence in that they were prepared by someone other than an in-court witness.
This issue was previously addressed by this Court in Clemons v. State (1974), 162 Ind.App. 50, 317 N.E.2d 859. At that time we held that fundamental fairness does not require the exclusion of hearsay evidence in a juvenile jurisdiction waiver hearing.
Jonaitis has demonstrated no reversible error. Therefore, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Affirmed.
GARRARD, J., concurs.
STATON, J., dissents with opinion.

. IC 1971, 35 -48 4-10 (1981 Burns Supp.).

. IC 1971, 35—48—4-2 (1981 Burns Supp.).

. IC 1971, 35-48-4-2 and IC 1971, 35-48-4-10.

. See Redding v. State (1977), Ind.App., 370 N.E.2d 397.