Court Opinion

ID: 1051442
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 20:20:23.164811+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:06:12.589069
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                             AT NASHVILLE
                                     May 8, 2008 Session

  ANDERSON PROPERTIES v. INTERNATIONAL KNIFE & SAW, INC.
        and SIMONDS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION

                    Appeal from the Chancery Court for Davidson County
                       No. 04-446-III  Ellen Hobbs Lyle, Chancellor

                  No. M2007-01779-COA-R3-CV - Filed November 13, 2008

This is an appeal from summary judgment granted in favor of defendant-lessee on an action to
collect back rent and other expenses pursuant to a long-term commercial lease agreement with
plaintiff-landlord. Lessee filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy prior to the filing of the instant action.
We have concluded that the commercial lease upon which landlord relies was deemed rejected by
operation of law in the bankruptcy proceedings and that landlord is therefore barred from recovering
the damages it seeks. Judgment of the chancery court is affirmed.

               Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed

ANDY D. BENNETT , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which FRANK G. CLEMENT , JR. and
RICHARD H. DINKINS, JJ., joined.

Alan C. Housholder, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Anderson Properties.

John H. Rowland, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellees, International Knife & Saw, Inc. and
Simonds International Corporation.

                                            OPINION

                                          BACKGROUND

       On March 5, 1998, International Knife & Saw, Inc. (“IKS”) entered into a five-year
commercial lease agreement with Anderson Properties (“Anderson”) for real property located at
2605 Grissom Drive, Nashville, Tennessee. On September 24, 2001, IKS filed for Chapter 11
bankruptcy in the United States Bankruptcy Court in the District of Delaware. The bankruptcy court
approved IKS’s second amended plan of reorganization on December 17, 2001. Before filing for
bankruptcy, IKS assigned the Anderson lease agreement to Dunbar Industries (“Dunbar”) in May
of 2000. Dunbar subsequently defaulted on the agreement by failing to make rental payments.
Dunbar’s default occurred after IKS’s plan was confirmed by the bankruptcy court in 2001.

        Anderson filed suit against IKS on February 11, 2004, seeking to recover back rent, late fees,
interest, and attorney’s fees.1 IKS moved for summary judgment arguing that the lease was rejected
by operation of law pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 365(d)(4) before the bankruptcy court confirmed IKS’s
second amended plan of reorganization. Anderson responded and moved for partial summary
judgment asking the court to declare that the lease agreement was assumed by IKS pursuant to the
December 17, 2001 bankruptcy order. The trial court found that the Anderson lease was rejected by
operation of law on November 23, 2001, and was not contemplated in or assumed by the plan of
reorganization. The chancellor granted summary judgment in favor of IKS and dismissed the action
with prejudice. Anderson appeals.

                                          STANDARD OF REVIEW

         Summary judgments do not enjoy a presumption of correctness on appeal. BellSouth Adver.
& Pub. Co. v. Johnson, 100 S.W.3d 202, 205 (Tenn. 2003). This court must make a fresh
determination that the requirements of Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56 have been satisfied. Hunter v. Brown, 955
S.W.2d 49, 50 (Tenn. 1997). We consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the
non-moving party and resolve all inferences in that party’s favor. Godfrey v. Ruiz, 90 S.W.3d 692,
695 (Tenn. 2002). When reviewing the evidence, we must determine whether factual disputes exist.
If a factual dispute exists, we must determine whether the fact is material to the claim or defense
upon which the summary judgment is predicated and whether the disputed fact creates a genuine
issue for trial. Byrd v. Hall, 847 S.W.2d 208, 211 (Tenn. 1993); Rutherford v. Polar Tank Trailer,
Inc., 978 S.W.2d 102, 104 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998). Under Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56, the moving party must
negate an element of the opposing party’s claim or establish an affirmative defense. Byrd, 847
S.W.2d at 215 n.5.

                                                  ANALYSIS

        Anderson contends IKS assumed the lease agreement by way of the bankruptcy court order
confirming IKS’s plan of reorganization entered December 17, 2001, thereby entitling Anderson to
enforce the lease. Specifically, Anderson takes issue with the trial court’s determination that the
reorganizational plan applied only to those executory contracts in effect at the time the plan was
confirmed by the bankruptcy court and submits that its lease was assumed by IKS pursuant to the
December 17, 2001 order. After reviewing the undisputed facts in the record and taking all
inferences in favor of Anderson, we conclude, as a matter of law, that IKS rejected the Anderson
lease and Anderson is therefore barred from recovering the rent and the damages it seeks.

        1
          IKS and Simonds Industries, Inc. merged to form Simonds International Corporation which was added as a
party defendant on February 17, 2005. Dunbar was allegedly insolvent.

                                                      -2-
        “The purpose for allowing a trustee or debtor-in-possession to assume or reject an executory
contract is to enable a trustee or troubled debtor to take advantage of a contract that will benefit the
estate by assuming it or alternatively, to relieve the estate of a burdensome contract by rejecting it.”
Phar-Mor, Inc. v. Strouss Bldg. Assocs., 204 B.R. 948, 953 n.3 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 1997). Pursuant
to Bankruptcy Code § 365 as it read in 2001, a commercial lease agreement, like the one at issue in
this case, will automatically be deemed rejected unless it is expressly assumed or rejected within the
time prescribed by statute:

         [I]n a case under any chapter of this title, if the trustee does not assume or reject an
         unexpired lease of nonresidential real property under which the debtor is the lessee
         within 60 days after the date of the order for relief, or within such additional time as
         the court, for cause, within such 60-day period, fixes, then such lease is deemed
         rejected, and the trustee shall immediately surrender such nonresidential real property
         to the lessor.

11 U.S.C.A. § 365(d)(4) (2001).2 In order to prevent a nonresidential real property lease from being
deemed rejected by operation of law under section 365, the trustee must communicate the decision
in an appropriate manner, such as by filing a motion to assume, before the expiration of the 60 days
following the entry of the order for relief or any valid extensions of that period. See, e.g., In re Delta
Paper Co., Inc., 74 B.R. 58, 60 (Bankr. E.D. Tenn. 1987)). Accordingly, a failure to affirmatively
assume an unexpired commercial lease within the time limits of 11 U.S.C.A. § 365(d)(4) constitutes
a constructive renunciation of the lease and compels the debtor to immediately surrender the
premises to the creditor. In re F & M Distributors, Inc., 202 F.3d 268, No. 98-2038, 2000 WL
32014, *1 (6th Cir. Jan. 4, 2000) (unpublished table decision).

         According to Anderson, it was listed as a creditor in IKS’s petition for bankruptcy but failed
to file a claim for post-petition rent3 because it “believed that the Order confirming the Plan of
reorganization dated December 17, 2001 provided that the lease between Anderson Properties and
[IKS] had been assumed by [IKS].” In support of its argument, Anderson relies on paragraph 33 of
the December 17, 2001 order which provided that “all Executory Contracts will be deemed assumed
by [IKS]. . . .” As defined in the plan, an “Executory Contract” was “[a]ny executory contract or
unexpired lease, subject to Bankruptcy Code § 365, between any of the Debtors and any other Person
or Persons, specifically excluding contracts and agreements entered into pursuant to the Plan.”
Anderson contends that because its lease was for a term of five years and was not set to expire until
March 4, 2003, its lease was unexpired at the time the plan was confirmed. However, the plan noted
that any unexpired lease or executory contract as defined in the plan remained subject to section 365
of the Bankruptcy Code. In its statement of undisputed facts, IKS alleged it “neither assumed nor

         2
           Under the current version of section 365(d)(4), an unexpired nonresidential lease will be deemed rejected if
the trustee does not assume or reject it within the earlier of (i) 120 days after the petition for relief, or (ii) entry of the
confirmation order.

         3
         If an unexpired nonresidential lease is rejected, the creditor/lessor is permitted to file a claim for rent as
damages for breach. See 11 U.S.C.A. § 502(b)(6) (2001).

                                                             -3-
rejected the Nashville [Anderson] Lease at any time between the filing of the Petition and the Order.”
Anderson responded claiming that this fact was irrelevant and restated its position that IKS assumed
the lease on December 17, 2001. Consequently, there is no evidence to dispute the fact that IKS took
no affirmative action either assuming or rejecting the Anderson lease between September 24, 2001,
and November 23, 2001, the expiration date of the 60-day period.

         After IKS filed its petition for bankruptcy, it petitioned the bankruptcy court for an extension
of time to consider whether it would assume or reject several unexpired nonresidential commercial
lease agreements as provided by section 365(d)(4). The Anderson lease was not among the four
leases referenced in the motion. Anderson does not argue that the additional time granted applied
to its lease. Each of the unexpired leases and/or subleases subject to the time extension were
individually defined and collectively defined as “Assigned Leases” in the plan.4 Accordingly, the
Anderson lease was among those “deemed rejected” on November 23, 2001, by 11 U.S.C.A. §
365(d)(4). We find no support for Anderson’s contention that the lease still qualified as an
unexpired lease or executory contract after it had been rejected by operation of law.5 The plan
applied only to those executory contracts in effect as of December 17, 2001, and cannot reasonably
be read to “revive” leases terminated by operation of 11 U.S.C.A. § 365(d)(4).

                                                  CONCLUSION

        It is undisputed that IKS did not assume or reject the unexpired nonresidential lease
agreement with Anderson within 60 days of filing its petition for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Pursuant
to the provisions of 11 U.S.C.A. § 365(d)(4), the Anderson lease agreement was rejected by IKS.
Having failed to preserve a claim under the lease following its rejection in bankruptcy, Anderson is
now barred from pursuing a claim under the lease agreement against IKS. The summary judgment
granted in favor of IKS by the trial court was appropriate and is therefore affirmed. Costs of appeal
are assessed against the appellant, Anderson Properties, for which execution may issue, if necessary.

                                                               ____________________________________
                                                               ANDY D. BENNETT, JUDGE

         4
           The commercial leases to which the extension applied were for properties located in Washington, Georgia,
Illinois, and W isconsin.

         5
          Support for the notion that an unexpired lease cannot remain operative after it has been deemed rejected is
found in the requirement of 11 U.S.C.A. § 365(d)(4) that “the trustee shall immediately surrender such nonresidential
real property to the lessor.”

                                                        -4-