Court Opinion

ID: 5124380
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-11-08 23:18:43.233928+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:22:41.802356
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                                   November 8, 2021
                                                                                    EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                                    SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA                                   OF WEST VIRGINIA
                              SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

In re R.W., A.B.-W., W.C., C.S., D.S., and J.F.

No. 21-0448 (Kanawha County 19-JA-468, 19-JA-469, 19-JA-470, 19-JA-471, 19-JA-472, and
20-JA-404)

                                 MEMORANDUM DECISION

       Petitioner Mother E.S., by counsel Joseph A. Curia III, appeals the Circuit Court of
Kanawha County’s April 30, 2021, order terminating her parental rights to R.W., A.B.-W., W.C.,
C.S., D.S., and J.F. 1 The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”),
by counsel Patrick Morrisey and Mindy M. Parsley, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s
order. The guardian ad litem, Sharon K. Childers, filed a response on behalf of the children in
support of the circuit court’s order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in
denying her motions for an improvement period and post-termination visitation. 2

       This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons,
a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        The DHHR filed the initial abuse and neglect petition in July of 2019, alleging that
petitioner’s parental rights to at least one older child were involuntarily terminated in a prior
proceeding. The DHHR also alleged that petitioner’s home lacked electricity. Further, the DHHR
alleged that petitioner permitted the children, then between the ages of two and six years old, to
remain outside unsupervised for long periods. The petition also alleged the children had attendance
issues at school, arrived with soiled diapers, were behind on their vaccinations, and frequently had
head lice. Finally, the DHHR alleged that petitioner would become upset when W.C., a male, was

       1
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W. Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W. Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W. Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183 W.
Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
       2
           Petitioner does not assign as error the termination of her parental rights.
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dressed in male clothing and that petitioner made inappropriate sexual comments to the child. At
the preliminary hearing, petitioner admitted that she had recently abused methamphetamine and
marijuana. Because of counsel’s concerns, the circuit court found it appropriate to appoint a
guardian ad litem for petitioner. 3 At this time, the court ordered petitioner to participate in a
forensic parental fitness evaluation. In November of 2019, the DHHR filed an amended petition
to include allegations concerning petitioner’s substance abuse and ongoing mental health issues.

        In December of 2019, petitioner stipulated to the allegations against her and was
adjudicated as an abusive and neglectful parent. The court held petitioner’s motion for an
improvement period and visitation with the children in abeyance pending the completion of her
forensic examination. Petitioner did not complete the evaluation until February of 2020 as a result
of her failure to appear as scheduled.

         Over the next several months, multiple hearings were continued as a result of ongoing
attempts to obtain paternity testing, the DHHR’s failure to timely file case plans, and the birth of
J.F. In October of 2020, the DHHR filed another amended petition to include child J.F. in the
proceedings. According to that petition, when the DHHR arrived at the hospital, a nurse stated that
petitioner and her boyfriend had been in a fight, shoved one another, screamed at each other, and
tried to pull the two-day-old infant away from each other. Petitioner’s boyfriend was escorted from
the hospital and banned from the premises. Testimony later confirmed that J.F. was born drug
exposed, as he had amphetamine in his system. That same month, the court held a hearing on
petitioner’s improvement period and denied the same upon petitioner’s lack of progress, continued
poor decision making, and the results of her parental fitness evaluation and poor prognosis for
improved parenting. The court also terminated petitioner’s reunification services. At a preliminary
hearing on the newly amended petition, petitioner moved to have her services reinstated. The
circuit court denied the motion, finding that petitioner had not made sufficient progress during the
proceedings.

         In January of 2021, petitioner was adjudicated as an abusive and neglectful parent in regard
to J.F. upon the circuit court finding that petitioner “subjected the child to domestic violence upon
his birth, her failure to remedy the conditions that led to the prior involuntary termination of her
parental rights, and her ongoing mental health issues.” The court then set the matter for disposition
as to all the children. The court also denied petitioner’s renewed motion for an improvement
period.

        In March of 2021, the court held a dispositional hearing. In ordering that petitioner’s
parental rights be terminated, the court noted that petitioner continued to use methamphetamine
for the first four months of the proceedings and failed to complete the parental fitness evaluation
until February of 2020. Despite her initial failure to comply, the court ordered that petitioner
continue to participate in services. The court noted that although petitioner completed a substance
abuse program and “mostly complied” with parenting and adult life skills services, there were
continued concerns about petitioner’s ability to properly parent the children if returned to her care.

       3
         Petitioner’s guardian joined in the filing of the notice of appeal in this matter. In
petitioner’s brief, counsel indicates that he consulted with petitioner’s guardian and the guardian
agreed that the appeal would serve petitioner’s best interests.
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This included the circuit court’s concern over petitioner’s inappropriate paramours, one of whom
is a registered sex offender. Petitioner was repeatedly told that she could not be in a relationship
with this individual. Further, one potential father of A.B. was a drug addict whose parental rights
to his own children were previously terminated. The court also cited the events of the altercation
between petitioner and a third paramour two days after J.F.’s birth. Further, the court noted that
testimony from a DHHR worker confirmed that J.F. was born with amphetamine in his system.
The court stressed that the events surrounding J.F.’s birth occurred after petitioner received months
of services and illustrated her inability to improve her parenting and to make decisions that are in
the children’s best interests. In ordering termination, the court noted petitioner’s “substance abuse,
. . . prior termination, . . . record of putting (inappropriate) men ahead of [her] children, untreated
mental health issues, . . . personal history of domestic violence, poor parenting decision making,
lack of maturity, [and] failure to acknowledge . . . problems” as a basis for its decision to terminate
her parental rights. Based on the evidence, the court found that there was no reasonable likelihood
that the conditions of abuse and neglect could be substantially corrected in the near future and that
the children’s best interests required termination. The court then terminated petitioner’s parental
rights. 4 The court also denied petitioner’s request for post-termination visitation, citing the
children’s young ages and the length of the proceedings in finding that they either lost or never
had a bond with petitioner. 5 It is from the dispositional order that petitioner appeals.

          The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

                  “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
          novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
          facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
          evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether such
          child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a reviewing
          court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there
          is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left
          with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. However,
          a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply because it would have decided
          the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if the circuit court’s account of the
          evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In
          Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W. Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).

          4
         The court also terminated the parental rights of A.B.-W.’s father, and the permanency plan
for that child is adoption in the current foster home. W.C.’s father successfully completed an
improvement period, and the petition against him was dismissed. W.C. remains in the father’s
permanent custody. The parental rights of the father of C.S. and D.S. were also terminated. The
permanency plan for those children is adoption. According to the guardian, the proceedings
regarding the fathers of R.W. and J.F. are still ongoing.
          5
              The court permitted petitioner to have visitation with W.C. at the discretion of the child’s
father.

                                                       3
         On appeal, petitioner first argues that she was entitled to an improvement period.
According to petitioner, she demonstrated significant improvement during the proceedings, having
completed a residential substance abuse program and followed this up with additional services to
address her substance abuse. Petitioner argues that she had been sober for fifteen months at the
time of the dispositional hearing. This argument, however, ignores the fact that when petitioner
gave birth to J.F. in October of 2020, the child tested positive for amphetamine. This was six
months prior to the dispositional hearing, meaning that petitioner could not have been sober for
the fifteen months leading up to disposition. The fact that the child was born drug-exposed also
undercuts petitioner’s argument that she should have been entitled to an improvement period
because she obtained appropriate prenatal care for J.F. As such, these arguments cannot entitle
petitioner to relief because they are not supported by the record.

       Petitioner also argues that an improvement period was appropriate because her
psychological examiner indicated that petitioner could gradually improve if she realized the extent
of her problems, demonstrated prolonged abstinence from drugs, and actively participated in
psychological and substance abuse treatment. Petitioner asserts that she did all of these things,
while again ignoring her continued substance abuse during a time she claims to have been sober.
Further, petitioner ignores the many factors upon which the evaluator based the poor prognosis for
improved parenting, including petitioner’s

       untreated mental health symptoms and maladaptive personality traits, her substance
       abuse despite being under CPS supervision, her past CPS involvement (including a
       prior termination of her parental rights over one child), her level of defensiveness
       during the testing process, and her lack of acknowledgment of some of the referral
       concerns.

Petitioner’s reliance on the limited language from the evaluation is unpersuasive, as the evaluator
included the caveat that she could possibly improve gradually, but not to such a degree that she
would be able to properly parent the children. In fact, the evaluator concluded that petitioner’s
poor prognosis meant that it was “unlikely that CPS intervention will facilitate the reliable
attainment of minimally adequate parenting within an acceptable time frame.” Further, while it is
true that petitioner completed substance abuse treatment and participated in treatment for
depression and anxiety, she ignores the fact that the evaluator indicated that her gradual
improvement would also require that she recognize the extent of her personal problems, which the
record does not support.

         As we have explained, a parent’s “entitlement to an improvement period is conditioned
upon the ability of the [parent] to demonstrate ‘by clear and convincing evidence, that the [parent]
is likely to fully participate in the improvement period.’” In re Charity H., 215 W. Va. 208, 215,
599 S.E.2d 631, 638 (2004) (citation omitted). Contrary to petitioner’s arguments, the record
shows that petitioner could not satisfy this burden because she repeatedly failed to fully participate
in the lengthy services offered below. Petitioner admitted to her continued abuse of
methamphetamine over the course of the first several months of the proceedings, and the record
shows that petitioner delayed the proceedings significantly by refusing to appear for her
psychological evaluation for approximately seven months. Even more importantly, the circuit

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court noted that the domestic violence incident that occurred two days after petitioner gave birth
to drug exposed J.F. occurred after petitioner had received extensive services, thereby
underscoring her inability to correct her abusive and neglectful conduct through an improvement
period. Accordingly, we find no abuse of the circuit court’s discretion in denying petitioner’s
motion. See In re M.M., 236 W. Va. 108, 115, 778 S.E.2d 338, 345 (2015) (“West Virginia law
allows the circuit court discretion in deciding whether to grant a parent an improvement period.”);
Syl. Pt. 6, in part, In re Katie S., 198 W. Va. 79, 479 S.E.2d 589 (1996) (“It is within the court’s
discretion to grant an improvement period within the applicable statutory requirements . . . .”).

       Finally, petitioner argues that she was entitled to post-termination visitation. We have
explained as follows:

                “When parental rights are terminated due to neglect or abuse, the circuit
       court may nevertheless in appropriate cases consider whether continued visitation
       or other contact with the abusing parent is in the best interest of the child. Among
       other things, the circuit court should consider whether a close emotional bond has
       been established between parent and child and the child’s wishes, if he or she is of
       appropriate maturity to make such request. The evidence must indicate that such
       visitation or continued contact would not be detrimental to the child’s well being
       and would be in the child’s best interest.” Syl. Pt. 5, In re Christina L., 194 W.Va.
       446, 460 S.E.2d 692 (1995).

Syl. Pt. 11, In re Daniel D., 211 W. Va. 79, 562 S.E.2d 147 (2002). On appeal, petitioner presents
no evidence to indicate that continued contact would not be detrimental to the children and would,
in fact, be in their best interests. Instead, she simply asserts that the five oldest children resided
with her for the entirety of their lives prior to removal. This is simply insufficient to entitle
petitioner to relief. As such, we find no error in the circuit court’s denial of post-termination
visitation.

       Lastly, we note that the proceedings regarding the other adult respondents are still ongoing.
As such, this Court reminds the circuit court of its duty to establish permanency for the children.
Rule 39(b) of the Rules of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings requires that

       [a]t least once every three months until permanent placement is achieved as defined
       in Rule 6, the court shall conduct a permanent placement review conference,
       requiring the multidisciplinary treatment team to attend and report as to progress
       and development in the case, for the purpose of reviewing the progress in the
       permanent placement of the child.

Further, this Court reminds the circuit court of its duty pursuant to Rule 43 of the Rules of
Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings to find permanent placement for the children
within twelve months of the date of the disposition order. As this Court has stated,

              [t]he [twelve]-month period provided in Rule 43 of the West Virginia Rules
       of Procedure[] for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings for permanent placement
       of an abused and neglected child following the final dispositional order must be

                                                  5
       strictly followed except in the most extraordinary circumstances which are fully
       substantiated in the record.

Cecil T., 228 W. Va. at 91, 717 S.E.2d at 875, syl. pt. 6. Moreover, this Court has stated that

               [i]n determining the appropriate permanent out-of-home placement of a
       child under [West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(c)(6)], the circuit court shall give
       priority to securing a suitable adoptive home for the child and shall consider other
       placement alternatives, including permanent foster care, only where the court finds
       that adoption would not provide custody, care, commitment, nurturing and
       discipline consistent with the child’s best interests or where a suitable adoptive
       home [cannot] be found.

Syl. Pt. 3, State v. Michael M., 202 W. Va. 350, 504 S.E.2d 177 (1998). Finally, “[t]he guardian
ad litem’s role in abuse and neglect proceedings does not actually cease until such time as the child
is placed in a permanent home.” Syl. Pt. 5, James M. v. Maynard, 185 W. Va. 648, 408 S.E.2d 400
(1991).

       For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its April
30, 2021, order is hereby affirmed.

                                                                                           Affirmed.

ISSUED: November 8, 2021

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Evan H. Jenkins
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Tim Armstead
Justice John A. Hutchison
Justice William R. Wooton

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