Court Opinion

ID: 9898296
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-14 19:29:45.27079+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:15:01.841677
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

 In the Matter of the Marriage of:          No. 84532-2-I

 KRISTIN HARPER,                            DIVISION ONE

                         Respondent,
               v.                           UNPUBLISHED OPINION

 BENJAMIN STONER-DUNCAN,

                         Appellant.

       SMITH, C.J. — Kristin Harper and Benjamin Stoner-Duncan have been

together for nearly two decades and have two children. In 2010, when Stoner-

Duncan was in medical school, the couple decided that Harper would forego her

academic career to be the children’s primary caretaker and the family’s primary

breadwinner until Stoner-Duncan finished his residency and began working as an

emergency physician in Seattle in 2019. Harper petitioned for dissolution in 2021

and the parties agreed to resolve the matter by arbitration. The arbitrator

awarded the parties’ house and maintenance to Harper, along with a $171,000

judgment to offset Stoner-Duncan’s remaining medical school loans, which had

been rolled into the home’s mortgage.

       Stoner-Duncan, appealing the trial court’s refusal to vacate or modify the

arbitrator’s decision, asserts that the arbitrator committed an error of law by

assigning a value to Stoner-Duncan’s medical degree when distributing property.

He also asserts that they erred when awarding the house to Harper. And he
No. 845322-I/2

contends that they exceeded their powers in giving most of the couple’s assets to

Harper. We disagree and affirm.

                                     FACTS

      Kristin Harper and Benjamin Stoner-Duncan1 met in 2000, began

cohabitating in 2003 and married in 2008. They have two children: a son, born in

2004, and a daughter, born in 2010. Over the course of their relationship, both

parties pursued and received advanced degrees. Harper received a Master of

Public Health in global epidemiology and a Ph.D. in genetics and microbiology

from Emory University in 2008 and worked at Columbia University as a post

doctoral (postdoc) scholar. Stoner-Duncan entered Columbia Medical School in

2010 and began his residency in 2014.

      Harper’s education was paid for by fellowships from the National Science

Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, which included stipends

the couple used to support themselves. During this period—which was before

Stoner-Duncan began medical school—Stoner-Duncan worked a variety of jobs,

including as a lab technician, a busboy, an artist, a bartender, a stagehand, and

running his own business, Ben’s Bikes. When the couple moved to New York so

that Harper could pursue her postdoc research, Stoner-Duncan sold his business

and began to contemplate medical school. Because he needed additional

      1 Briefing on appeal and the record below both refer to the parties by their

first names, as is customary in family law matters because individuals often
share family names. Because Harper and Stoner-Duncan do not share a name,
however, we will not follow suit.

                                        2
No. 845322-I/3

pre-med requirements before applying, Stoner-Duncan attended Columbia for a

year, with tuition paid by his grandfather.

       The couple’s daughter was born around the time Stoner-Duncan was

accepted to Columbia Medical School. The next year, their son was diagnosed

with Asperger’s syndrome and began attending therapy five times a week.

Faced with suddenly increased family demands, the couple concluded that one

of them would have to give up their career prospects to become a primary

caregiver, at least for a time. Because of Stoner-Duncan’s considerably higher

potential earnings—Harper estimated her income as a professor would at most

reach $260,000—they decided that Harper would stop pursuing an academic

career.

          In 2013, knowing that their residence would be determined by the location

of Stoner-Duncan’s medical residency and reluctant to commit to any specific

employer, Harper began a freelance writing business, Harper Health and Science

Communication. The couple moved to Seattle for Stoner-Duncan’s residency at

the University of Washington. They purchased a house for $535,000 using a

$230,000 gift from Stoner-Duncan’s mother as a down payment.

       The residency period put significant strain on their relationship, with

Stoner-Duncan working 80-100 hours a week. During the residency, Stoner-

Duncan made roughly $55,000 annually and Kristin worked 20 hours a week at

her business.

       Stoner-Duncan completed his residency in 2018 and is now an emergency

room doctor at Northwest Hospital in Seattle. As of the arbitration of this case,

                                          3
No. 845322-I/4

his gross monthly income was $27,703. Harper’s was $10,025. Her work has

been featured in a number of publications, including the New York Times, BBC,

and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and her clients have included the Bill and

Melinda Gates Foundation, Medscape, the World Health Organization, and the

National Institute of Health. In 2020, the couple refinanced their house to roll

Stoner-Duncan’s remaining $171,000 student loans into their mortgage.

       Harper petitioned for dissolution of the marriage in March 2021. The

parties stipulated to proceed by arbitration rather than in superior court. The

arbitrator issued their decision in May 2022. They issued parenting plan and

child support orders that are not at issue in this appeal. They also ordered

maintenance payments from Stoner-Duncan to Harper at $5,000 per month for

78 months. The arbitrator based this award on the 10 years of support Harper

provided to Stoner-Duncan as he pursued his current position as an emergency

room doctor, as well as her sacrifice of her own academic career and earning

potential. Taking into account Stoner-Duncan’s future earning potential, the

arbitrator awarded Harper the house and ordered Stoner-Duncan to pay a

judgment to Harper of $171,000 to compensate for the medical school loans that

are now part of the mortgage. In a somewhat unusual move, when determining

the distribution of the parties’ property, the arbitrator valued Stoner-Duncan’s

medical degree and license at roughly half a million dollars and used this value in

determining the appropriate distribution of assets.

                                         4
No. 845322-I/5

       Much of the equitable reasoning behind the arbitrator’s decision appears

to be reflected by this table, which lays out the parties’ respective contributions to

their marital community:
             YEAR      [Harper]        [Harper]      [Stoner-    Stoner-
                                                    Duncan]      Duncan]
            2002          $0         Undergrad        $1,312
            2003          $0         Undergrad         $102
            2004       $26k-30k     Grad School       $5,824
            2005       $26k-30k     Grad School       $5,241
            2006       $26k-30k     Grad School      $11,763
            2007       $26k-30k     Grad School       $5,432
            2008        $23,878     Grad School         $0
            2009        $77,616      Post Doc        $17,013
            2010        $66,112      Post Doc        $22,704     Med Sch
            2011        $37,985                         $0       Med Sch
            2012        $44,356                         $0       Med Sch
            2013        $29,385                         $0       Med Sch
            2014        $11,914                      $24,598    Residency
            2015        $96,555                      $51,301    Residency
            2016        $97,482                      $55,072    Residency
            2017        $93,800                      $60,329    Residency
            2018        $94,800                      $77,543    Indep K’tr
            2019        $97,600                     $237,079
            2020       $116,000                     $311,558              [2]

In short, Harper served as the couple’s primary source of income throughout their

relationship, including when she was in school. The marriage ended only shortly

after the community began to realize the financial benefits of Stoner-Duncan’s

degree.

       Harper moved for reconsideration, which the arbitrator denied as to most

of the issues raised, though they did grant Stoner-Duncan some partial relief,

including reducing the valuation of his medical degree from $542,400 to

       2 Minor edits have been made to this table to alter formatting and remove

citations to exhibits reviewed by the arbitrator when assembling it.

                                          5
No. 845322-I/6

$470,000. Stoner-Duncan moved the superior court to modify, correct, or vacate

the arbitration. This request was denied, and the court awarded fees to Harper.

          Stoner-Duncan appeals.
                                      ANALYSIS
                                  Standard of Review

          Appellate review of property divisions and other orders coming out of the

arbitrated dissolution of a marriage is strictly limited by the courts’ interests in

carving out a space for finality in arbitration. Davidson v. Hensen, 135 Wn.2d

112, 118, 954 P.2d 1327 (1998). Arbitration is governed by the Washington

uniform arbitration act, chapter 7.04A RCW. Broom v. Morgan Stanley DW Inc.,

169 Wn.2d 231, 236, 236 P.3d 182 (2010).

          RCW 7.04A.240 and RCW 7.04A.230 lay out, respectively, the scope of a

trial court’s ability to modify and vacate arbitration awards, and therefore the

scope of appellate review of the trial court’s orders. As relevant here,

modification is required where “[t]here was an evident mathematical

miscalculation or an evident mistake in the description of a person, thing, or

property referred to in the award.” RCW 7.04A.240(1)(a). Vacation is required

where, among other possibilities, there was evident partiality on the part of the

arbitrator, misconduct by the arbitrator that prejudiced the rights of a party, or the

“arbitrator exceeded the arbitrator’s powers.” RCW 7.04.230(1)(b)(i), (1)(b)(iii),

(1)(d).

          An error of law on the face of the award demonstrates that an arbitrator

has exceeded their powers under RCW 7.04A.230(1)(d). Broom, 169 Wn.2d

                                           6
No. 845322-I/7

at 237. Such error may be shown either through “adoption of an erroneous rule

or mistake in applying the law.” Lindon Commodities, Inc. v. Bambino Bean Co.,

Inc., 57 Wn. App. 813, 816, 790 P.2d 228 (1990). But the evidence before the

arbitrator will not be considered. Lindon Commodities, 57 Wn. App. at 816.

“Judicial review of an arbitration award, therefore, does not include a review of

the merits of the case.” Davidson, 135 Wn.2d at 119.

                                 The $230,000 Gift

       We first address Stoner-Duncan’s contention that the arbitrator committed

an error of law in the characterization of the $230,000 gift that his mother made

while the couple was purchasing their house. He asserts that the arbitrator erred

by treating the gift as community rather than separate property, and therefore

committed a downstream error by awarding the couple’s house to Harper. The

arbitrator’s characterizations are supported by their factual findings. And the

arbitrator’s ultimate distribution of the house is not dependent on the

characterization of either the house or the gift as separate or community

property, but rather on their determination as to the equitable distribution of the

communities’ assets and liabilities given all the circumstances. We

correspondingly reject this argument.

       Washington is a community property state. Chapter 26.16 RCW.

Property acquired by either spouse during a marriage is typically owned and

managed by both partners equally. RCW 26.16.030. Property acquired before

the marriage is and remains separate, as is any property acquired after the

marriage but gained by “gift, bequest, devise, descent, or inheritance.”

                                          7
No. 845322-I/8

RCW 26.16.010. Notably, RCW 26.09.080 permits property’s distribution at the

end of a marriage regardless of whether it is separate or community, though it

does direct the trial court to consider the nature of the property when distributing

assets.

       A gift of property acquired during a marriage is presumed to be community

property. In re Smith's Estate, 73 Wn.2d 629, 631, 440 P.2d 179 (1968). This

presumption can be rebutted by clear and convincing evidence of intent by the

donor to make the gift to one spouse specifically, rather than to the community.

Matter of Marriage of Olivares, 69 Wn. App. 324, 331, 848 P.2d 1281 (1993).

       A trial court’s characterization of property as either community or separate

is a mixed question of law and fact. Matter of Marriage of Watanabe, 199 Wn.2d

342, 348-49, 506 P.3d 630 (2022). Factual findings—reviewable when made by

a trial court, but not typically when made by an arbitrator—are reviewed for

substantial evidence. Watanabe, 199 Wn.2d at 348-49. Where factual findings

are not challenged or are supported—as here—our review is limited to whether

those findings support the characterization of property as a matter of law, and

review is de novo. Watanabe, 199 Wn.2d at 348-49.

       In this case, Stoner-Duncan’s mother gifted $230,000 toward the down

payment used to purchase the couple’s house. The gift letter itself named only

Stoner-Duncan as a recipient. Stoner-Duncan relied on this fact to argue that the

gift was meant for him along, increasing his stake in the house itself. The

arbitrator disagreed. The gift was made as a part of the process of securing a

mortgage and title to the house, title was in both Stoner-Duncan and Harper’s

                                          8
No. 845322-I/9

names, and the gift letter itself was required by the lender as a condition of the

mortgage. Harper testified that Stoner-Duncan’s mother represented the gift as

meant for both of them. And Harper used some of her separate property to

purchase the house and mortgage payments were made from community funds.

The arbitrator therefore found that Stoner-Duncan had not demonstrated that the

gift was intended for him as separate property, regardless of its nominal

assignment to him alone. Additionally, when refinancing the mortgage, title

remained in both the parties’ names. The arbitrator found as a result that no

evidence supported the notion that the house itself was intended to be anything

other than community property.

       As findings of fact going to intent, and with intent determinative of the legal

character of property, this panel is not in a position to decide that either the

house or the gift of $230,000 are anything other than community property. This

is because our review is limited to errors of law or mathematical miscalculations,

and Stoner-Duncan’s challenge goes instead to the merits of the arbitrator’s

decision. We see no error of law or mathematical miscalculation here.

       Additionally, though RCW 26.09.080 requires consideration of the

separate or communal nature of property before it is divided, property of either

nature may be distributed to either spouse if it is just and equitable to do so.

Regardless of the nature of the property, then, the arbitrator did not error.

                   Division of Property and Maintenance Award

       We now address Stoner-Duncan’s challenges to a number of the

arbitrator’s decisions in deciding how to divide the couple’s property and whether

                                          9
No. 845322-I/10

to award maintenance. He raises two primary concerns in this context. He

asserts, first, that the arbitrator erred in assigning a value to his professional

degree. He then asserts that the arbitrator did not properly account for the

$171,000 judgment against him. He characterizes these as errors of law or

evident mathematical miscalculations that led to an inequitable distribution of

property and an inequitable maintenance award.

       We disagree. The arbitrator’s division of property and award of

maintenance both took into account a range of equitable factors. Their treatment

of Stoner-Duncan’s professional degree assigned it a monetary value as an aid

to provide understanding of their thought process about the property division.

More broadly, the distribution of assets and liabilities and award of maintenance

do not constitute an error of law. Despite Stoner-Duncan’s attempt to paint the

arbitrator’s responsibility as equally distributing assets, their duty was instead to

create an equitable distribution.

       1. Principles of Property Division and Maintenance

       A brief overview of the dissolution process’s treatment of property

distribution and maintenance is useful. Asset distribution at the end of a

marriage is guided by RCW 26.09.080, which, although statutory, retains many of

the equitable characteristics that courts have traditionally applied. The statute

directs the dividing tribunal to, “without regard to misconduct, make such

disposition of the property and the liabilities of the parties, either community or

separate, as shall appear just and equitable after considering all the relevant

factors.” RCW 26.09.080. It lists four non-exclusive factors to consider:

                                          10
No. 845322-I/11

              (1) The nature and extent of the community property;
              (2) The nature and extent of the separate property;
              (3) The duration of the marriage or domestic partnership;
       and
             (4) The economic circumstances of each spouse or domestic
       partner at the time the division of property is to become effective.

RCW 26.09.080.

       A tribunal’s powers when seeking to place the parties on just and

equitable footing are not limited to distribution of property held by the parties at

the time of their dissolution. Tribunals may also award maintenance, ongoing

monetary support from one former spouse to another. RCW 26.09.090(1).

Maintenance is awarded “in such amounts and for such periods of time as the

court deems just” and, like property distribution, is made without consideration of

misconduct. RCW 26.09.090(1). The statute again lists a number of non-

exclusive factors for the tribunal to consider when awarding maintenance:
              (a) The financial resources of the party seeking
       maintenance, including separate or community property
       apportioned to him or her, and his or her ability to meet his or her
       needs independently, including the extent to which a provision for
       support of a child living with the party includes a sum for that party;
              (b) The time necessary to acquire sufficient education or
       training to enable the party seeking maintenance to find
       employment appropriate to his or her skill, interests, style of life,
       and other attendant circumstances;
            (c) The standard of living established during the marriage or
       domestic partnership;
              (d) The duration of the marriage or domestic partnership;
              (e) The age, physical and emotional condition, and financial
       obligations of the spouse or domestic partner seeking maintenance;
       and
             (f) The ability of the spouse or domestic partner from whom
       maintenance is sought to meet his or her needs and financial

                                          11
No. 845322-I/12

       obligations while meeting those of the spouse or domestic partner
       seeking maintenance.

RCW 26.09.090(1).

       The tribunal’s powers are plainly broad. And both maintenance and

property distribution are guided principally by concerns about equity and justice

in light of the parties’ circumstances. Fundamentally, “[a]n equitable division of

property does not require mathematical precision, but rather fairness, based

upon a consideration of all the circumstances of the marriage, both past and

present, and an evaluation of the future needs of parties.” Matter of Marriage of

Crosetto, 82 Wn. App. 545, 556, 918 P.2d 954 (1996).

       Of particular concern to Stoner-Duncan is the arbitrator’s treatment of his

professional degree, to which they assigned a monetary value of roughly half a

million dollars when dividing property, and then considered when awarding

Harper a maintenance award.

       Washington’s treatment of professional degrees in cases like the present

one is best described in the seminal decision on the subject, Washburn v.

Washburn:
       When a person supports a spouse through professional school in
       the mutual expectation of future financial benefit to the community,
       but the marriage ends before that benefit can be realized, that
       circumstance is a “relevant factor” which must be considered in
       making a fair and equitable division of property and liabilities
       pursuant to RCW 26.09.080, or a just award of maintenance
       pursuant to RCW 26.09.090. A professional degree confers high
       earning potential upon the holder. The student spouse should not
       walk away with this valuable advantage without compensating the
       person who helped him or her obtain it.

101 Wn.2d 168, 178, 677 P.2d 152 (1984). The tribunal “may compensate a

                                         12
No. 845322-I/13

spouse who has assisted the student spouse in obtaining his or her professional

degree . . . through property division, maintenance, or a combination of these.”

Fernau v. Fernau, 39 Wn. App. 695, 707, 694 P.2d 1092 (1984) (emphasis

added).

       Washburn lists a number of factors for tribunals to consider while

distributing assets and awarding maintenance based on one spouse’s support for

the other during professional school: (1) the amount of community funds

expended for educational costs, though not living expenses that would have

been incurred regardless; (2) the amount the community would have earned had

the student spouse not been pursuing professional school; (3) any education or

career opportunities foregone by the supporting spouse; (4) the future earnings

of each spouse. 101 Wn.2d at 179-80. These first two standards consider the

past conditions of the marriage, while the third and fourth allow adjustment of any

corresponding award to account for future circumstances as well. Washburn,

101 Wn.2d at 180-81. Where maintenance is concerned, Washburn emphasizes

that it “is not just a means of providing bare necessities, but rather a flexible tool

by which the parties’ standard of living may be equalized for an appropriate

period of time.” 101 Wn.2d at 179.

       2. The Arbitrator’s Awards

       The arbitrator in this case considered Stoner-Duncan’s professional

degree and license both in distributing assets and in awarding maintenance, as

Washburn allows. The basic distribution of the assets was simple and, in the

arbitrator’s calculation, reflected an equitable split between the Stoner-Duncan

                                          13
No. 845322-I/14

and Harper accounting for Stoner-Duncan’s degree. Harper was awarded the

couple’s Ballard house, valued at $970,000 but encumbered by a $389,043

mortgage, leaving an actual value of $580,957. She also received her business,

Harper Health and Science Communications, LLC, valued at $41,000, $31,126 of

the couple’s bank accounts, $24,786 of their investment accounts, and $221,352

of their retirement accounts. These assets total $899,221.

       Stoner-Duncan, meanwhile, received $59,993 of the bank accounts,

$63,223 of their investment accounts, and $284,658 of their retirement

accounts.3 He also retained his share of ownership of an island in Canada,

valued at $14,500. And the arbitrator gave a value of $472,000 to his medical

degree and license to determine how they arrived at an equitable split of the

parties’ assets and liabilities. In making this determination the arbitrator

considered two components: (1) the money spent in obtaining the degree, and

(2) the lifetime earnings that would not be realized by the community. 4 This

provided an illustrative value of $894,374 to Stoner-Duncan’s assets. The

couple’s personal property was divided more or less evenly.

       Stoner-Duncan was also ordered to pay a judgment of $171,000 to

Harper. This accounted for his outstanding medical education debt, which the

       3 As Stoner-Duncan points out, the arbitrator’s property division sheet

contains a scrivener’s error. It awards Stoner-Duncan a Fidelity account valued
at $52,564.08 as well as a Vanguard 401k valued at $57,525.69, but erroneously
counts both accounts as worth $52.564 in the column totaling the valuation of his
assets. The correct total is $284,658.
       4 The arbitrator initially valued the degree at $542,500, 10 percent of an

expert witness’s valuation of his future earnings. On reconsideration, it lowered
this amount slightly to the $472,000 figure.

                                         14
No. 845322-I/15

couple had rolled into their mortgage several years earlier and which, as a result,

Harper would otherwise have been responsible for paying off.

       In addition to the property division, the arbitrator awarded Harper

maintenance of $5,000 a month for 78 months—a total of $390,000. The

arbitrator found that Harper “set aside her career and her professional and

financial advancement to support through . . . 4 years of medical school, through

4 years of his residency, through a lap year, and while he established his current

position as an ER doctor.” The arbitrator viewed maintenance as “a reasonable

and appropriate way to compensate her for the income she has foregone and the

financial gain Stoner-Duncan will enjoy.”

       The arbitrator’s decision may also have been informed by testimony that

Harper is going blind. Harper asserted that she is losing her eyesight and might

become blind because of a hereditary disease. Stoner-Duncan presented

Harper’s condition as less severe, limited to “droopy eyelids and dry eyes,” and

not one that would significantly affect her ability to work or live. The arbitrator did

not make a finding on this factual dispute, but did state in passing that Harper “is

slowly going blind, which [Stoner-Duncan] verified.”

       Much of the dispute in this case arise out of the arbitrator’s use of a

property division spreadsheet. Stoner-Duncan’s degree was included on the

spreadsheet as an asset he possessed, valued at $472,000. The $171,000

judgment against him however, was excluded from the spreadsheet. The result

is that the spreadsheet creates the appearance of an equal property distribution,

with each spouse awarded roughly half of their total shared assets.

                                          15
No. 845322-I/16

       3. Valuation of the Degree

       Stoner-Duncan contends, first, that the arbitrator’s decision to assign a

monetary value to his degree and include it in the property division spreadsheet

was error, saying that “a spouse’s earning capacity or future earning potential,

like a professional degree, is not an asset that can be valued and used to offset

an award of other assets.” We conclude that the arbitrator acted within their

powers when considering Stoner-Duncan’s degree.

       Washburn is clear that a professional degree or license may be a “relevant

factor” in distributing property. 101 Wn.2d at 178. In this case, the heuristic used

by the tribunal was to assign a monetary value to the degree to equitably weigh

property distribution to Harper by accounting for Stoner-Duncan’s future earning

potential. That value was then included in the property division spreadsheet as

an asset on Stoner-Duncan’s side of the ledger. This is unusual, and does not

conform to the usual practices when making a property division spreadsheet.

These spreadsheets typically tally assets and liabilities understood as financial

items that are fungible, transferable, and either monetary or easily reducible to a

monetary value. Professional degrees and licenses are not typically included as

assets on these spreadsheets. By including the degree’s value on the

spreadsheet, the arbitrator included an atypical asset to demonstrate the

financial parity they determined in the asset distribution.

       Though the arbitrator’s approach was unusual, their property distribution,

understood holistically, nevertheless did not exceed their statutory powers.

Instead, by assigning Stoner-Duncan’s degree a monetary value, they quantified

                                         16
No. 845322-I/17

how a just and equitable distribution was accomplished without an entirely equal

distribution. An entirely equal distribution would have ignored the resulting

inequity caused by Stoner-Duncan’s professional prospects and earning potential

in comparison to Harper’s.

       Stoner-Duncan cites to case law when attempting to rebuff this, but these

citations are unhelpful to him. Washburn, it is true, declined “to address at this

time the somewhat metaphysical question of whether a professional degree is

‘property.’ ” 101 Wn.2d at 176. It is “property” in its more usual sense that is

included on property division spreadsheets, a practice that accords with the

tribunal’s statutory mandate to distribute separate and community property held

by the spouses. See RCW 26.09.080 (requiring “disposition of the property and

liabilities of the parties”). But as already discussed, Washburn went on to allow

consideration of a degree in property distribution, leaving it to the tribunal to

determine the method to do so. And In re Marriage of Hall, which Stoner-Duncan

also cites, explicitly says that “we have emphasized future earning capacity as a

factor to be considered in property distribution in the context of professional

degrees.” 103 Wn.2d 236, 247, 692 P.2d 175 (1984). We conclude that Stoner-

Duncan’s critique of the way in which the arbitrator used his degree to

demonstrate a just and equitable property distribution does not, on its own,

establish that the arbitrator exceeded their authority.

       4. The Distribution and Maintenance Were Not Inequitable

       Stoner-Duncan next contends that the arbitrator erred by considering his

degree in three places: distribution of property, the award of maintenance, and

                                          17
No. 845322-I/18

the separate $171,000 judgment. He asserts that this counts his degree against

him three times; a mathematical error and an error of law. He points out that the

division of assets, when his professional degree is removed from consideration

and the judgment is accounted for, awards Harper roughly 80 percent of the

couple’s existing assets. He treats this as a distribution so lopsided that it

constitutes an error of law. We disagree.

       Washburn and its progeny cases are clear that a professional degree may

be considered not only when distributing property but simultaneously elsewhere.

The question is whether the final distribution and maintenance are, examined as

a whole, equitable.5 There is good reason for this. A dissolution may come at a

time when all the costs of a degree have already been borne by a community,

but the benefits of that degree have not yet accrued or are only beginning to

accrue. Where this happens, one party may reap the benefits of the other’s

sacrifices, while the other spouse is left having permanently forgone

opportunities. Asset distribution alone can, as a result, be insufficient to address

the inequities caused by the community’s dissolution, because the community

will not have had the time to accumulate sufficient assets to address the inequity.

In these circumstances, distribution of assets may be weighted toward non-

       5 Stoner-Duncan also asserts that there is an internal conflict in the

arbitrator’s decision by saying that this unequal distribution conflicted with their
stated intent. But the pages of the arbitrator’s decisions to which he cites do not
support the inference he encourages us to make that the arbitrator sought to
equally distribute the community’s assets. Instead, those portions of the
arbitrator’s decisions repeatedly reference the creation of “just and equitable”
distribution and affirm the arbitrator’s belief that the distribution in this case
matches that standard.

                                         18
No. 845322-I/19

professional spouse, but that spouse may also receive maintenance and other

benefits to account for the sacrifices they made in support of the spouse whose

earning capacity is now higher.

       That is precisely the situation here. The arbitrator’s unchallenged (and

unchallengeable) findings of fact demonstrate that Harper, for over a decade,

supported Stoner-Duncan as he applied to medical school, attended medical

school, went through residency, and established his career. She did so at a cost

to her own career, and with the assumption that she and their family as a whole

would be able to benefit from his higher earning capacity. This dissolution came

only shortly after the community began to see the benefits of Stoner-Duncan’s

degree. And the degree’s value was not doubly or triply counted, since the

arbitrator’s valuation of the degree during asset distribution only considered less

than 10 percent of its total value as measured in future earnings. Similarly, the

arbitrator’s award of a separate $171,000 judgment was also not error. This

award reflected Stoner-Duncan’s remaining medical school debt, now

incorporated into the mortgage for which Harper is responsible. Distributing that

debt to Stoner-Duncan is does not mean that the arbitrator counted his degree

against him more than once.

       Stoner-Duncan also attacks the arbitrator’s treatment of the $171,000

judgment by saying that they should have placed it on the property distribution

spreadsheet. It’s absence from that document, he asserts, makes it appear that

the distribution of property was wholly equal while ignoring a significant liability

on his side. Certainly, including the $171,000 judgment on the spreadsheet

                                          19
No. 845322-I/20

would allow for a more complete view of the parties assets and liabilities at the

end of the dissolution process. But the spreadsheet is only one part of the

arbitrator’s final order, and the treatment of the $171,000 medical school debt

and the reasoning behind the distribution and maintenance decisions is

thoroughly explained elsewhere in their decision. Our concern is whether the

arbitrator committed an error of law and exceeded their statutory authority. Once

again, the asserted error must be analyzed in light of whether it rendered the

property distribution as a whole unjust and inequitable. Where, as here, the

spreadsheet was used to illustrate the arbitrator’s thought process as a

supplement to the nearly 100 other pages of analysis and background they had

provided, this exclusion is not an error of law.6

       The arbitrator’s decision fully and completely addressed the couple’s

assets and liabilities. It is considered, thoughtful, and thorough. As a result of

this, any fault in the spreadsheet, despite the spreadsheet’s lack of total fidelity to

the reasoning behind the arbitrator’s decision, is not fatal to the decision as a

whole. Nor is the arbitrator’s treatment of Stoner-Duncan’s degree erroneous.

The value the arbitrator assigned to it at various places in the decision—

$472,000 during asset distribution, the maintenance award of $390,000, and

$171,000 payment of his medical debt—is reflective of the difference in Stoner-

Duncan’s future earning capacity as compared to Harper’s. Considering the

       6 We emphasize that our review is not de novo. We are not determining

whether we agree with the arbitrator’s decision or would have arrived at the same
decision. Our review is very narrow: whether the arbitrator committed an error of
law or a mathematical miscalculation.

                                          20
No. 845322-I/21

parties’ 20-year relationship, and the opportunities Harper forwent to support him,

the arbitrator’s decision as a whole is just and equitable. We find neither

mathematical error nor an error of law.

                               Attorney Fees Below

       Stoner-Duncan contests the trial court’s award of fees to Harper.

       RCW 7.04A.250 permits the award of fees and costs to the prevailing

party on motions to confirm, vacate, modify, or correct an arbitration award. The

trial court below, rejecting Stoner-Duncan’s challenge to the arbitrator’s decision,

awarded Harper attorney fees as the prevailing party.

       Stoner-Duncan now asks this court to reverse that award. His request,

however, is premised on us agreeing with his arguments that the arbitrator

exceeded their powers. Since we do not, we affirm the fee award.

                             Attorney Fees on Appeal

       Both sides request fees on appeal. We may rely on applicable law to

grant party’s reasonable attorney fees and costs on review. RAP 18.1(a). We

may therefore award fees to the party who prevails on appeal under RCW

7.04A.250. We award fees to Harper.

       Stoner-Duncan contends that Harper did not adequately brief this issue,

nitpicking her citations to authority and mischaracterizing her request. He latches

onto her use of the word “frivolous” and her assertion that his arguments on

appeal are not “meritorious” to characterize her request for fees as one made

because his arguments were frivolous. He then argues that she did not cite to

relevant authority to make this request. See Faulkner v. Racquetwood Vill.

                                          21
No. 845322-I/22

Condo. Ass'n, 106 Wn. App. 483, 487, 23 P.3d 1135 (2001) (failure to cite

applicable law supporting grant of attorney fees supported denial).

       But Harper’s request for fees comes directly after her discussion of RCW

7.04A.250, which supports her request as the prevailing party. Her citation to the

appellate rules is, admittedly, to RAP 18.2(c), rather than to RAP 18.1. But this is

a clear scrivener’s error; RAP 18.2, concerning voluntary withdrawal of review,

has no subparts, and RAP 18.1(c) concerns affidavits of need submitted to

support fee awards. We reject Stoner-Duncan’s attempt to read all meaning out

of Harper’s request and award her fees.7

       We affirm.

WE CONCUR:

       7 Both parties have filed affidavits of financial need and argue about

whether this is necessary and appropriate at this step. We disregard these
affidavits. Where financial need is relevant to an attorney fee award, affidavits
can be considered. RAP 18.1(c). Here, because an award is to the prevailing
party, they are superfluous.

                                        22