Court Opinion

ID: 4704958
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-07-20 20:02:44.27057+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:05:58.526043
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUL 20 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

U.S. COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING                  No.    21-55002
COMMISSION,
                                                D.C. No.
                Plaintiff-Appellee,             8:17-cv-01868-JVS-DFM

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
MONEX CREDIT COMPANY; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellants.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Central District of California
                    James V. Selna, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted July 19, 2021**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: TASHIMA, McKEOWN, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.

      Monex Credit Company, Monex Deposit Company, Newport Services

Corporation, Louis Carabini, and Michael Carabini (collectively, “Monex”) appeal

from the district court’s grant of a preliminary injunction sought by the United

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). We have jurisdiction

under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1), and we affirm.

      Monex below advanced a preliminary injunction standard that it now

challenges as error on appeal. Despite this change in position, the CFTC

responded to Monex’s argument on the merits. Nonetheless, we have discretion to

conclude that issues are waived or forfeited. See United States v. Macias, 789 F.3d

1011, 1017 n.3 (9th Cir. 2015); United States v. Depue, 912 F.3d 1227, 1232 (9th

Cir. 2019) (en banc). We ordered supplemental briefing on the issue and conclude

that Monex forfeited the argument it raised on appeal, such that we decline to

review Monex’s challenge to the applicable legal standard. See also Grocery

Outlet Inc. v. Albertson’s Inc., 497 F.3d 949, 951 (9th Cir. 2007) (per curiam).

      Monex asserts that the record establishes that its practices satisfy the “actual

delivery” exception. The district court considered the evidence and arguments

Monex presses on appeal, and the court’s factual findings were consistent with that

evidence and not clearly erroneous, so we uphold its conclusion. See All. for the

Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1131 (9th Cir. 2011).

      Monex also argues that the CFTC did not provide fair notice about how

Monex could comply with the statute. But United States v. AMC Entertainment,

Inc., 549 F.3d 760, 769–70 (9th Cir. 2008), is inapposite because the court in that

case modified an injunction that remedied conduct occurring prior to when the

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defendant had fair notice of regulatory requirements. This preliminary injunction

ensures prospective compliance with the law.

      Monex finally contends that the preliminary injunction is overbroad. Given

the district court’s factual findings and its conclusion that Monex’s leveraged Atlas

transactions are likely unlawful, the court did not abuse its discretion in tailoring

the preliminary injunction as it did.

      AFFIRMED.

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