Court Opinion

ID: 7275402
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-25 15:02:15.898201+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:18:49.391420
License: Public Domain

THIRD DIVISION
                             DOYLE, P. J.,
           REESE, J., and SENIOR APPELLATE JUDGE PHIPPS

                    NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                    physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                    days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                               https://www.gaappeals.us/rules

                                                                       July 25, 2022

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A22A0811. O’NEILL v. HAIRSTON.

      PHIPPS, Senior Appellate Judge.

      Defendant Rosemary O’Neill1 appeals the trial court’s grant of partial summary

judgment to plaintiff Cheree Hairston in this boundary dispute between neighboring

property owners. On appeal, O’Neill argues that the trial court erred in finding there

are no genuine issues of material fact as to the boundary line location between the

two properties and whether a fence she erected extends onto Hairston’s property. For

the reasons that follow, we agree and reverse.

      1
         The defendant’s name appears in the record as Rosemary O’Neal, but in an
affidavit and the notice of appeal, she states that her last name is spelled O’Neill, and
the parties both use the O’Neill spelling in their appellate briefs. We therefore use the
O’Neill spelling in this opinion.
      A trial court may grant summary judgment when there is no genuine issue as

to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.

OCGA § 9-11-56 (c). Thus, “on appeal from the grant or denial of a motion for

summary judgment, the issue is whether there is any genuine issue of fact.” King v.

Ingram, 250 Ga. 887, 888 (302 SE2d 105) (1983). “When a plaintiff moves for

summary judgment, [s]he has the burden of establishing the absence or non-existence

of any defense raised by the defendant.” 905 Bernina Avenue Coop. v. Smith/Burns

LLC, 342 Ga. App. 358, 361 (1) (802 SE2d 373) (2017) (citation and punctuation

omitted). This Court reviews a grant or denial of summary judgment de novo,

construing the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant. Id.

      So viewed, the evidence shows that O’Neill and Hairston are owners of

adjoining real property. At some point, O’Neill erected a wooden fence that

purportedly encroaches on Hairston’s property. In August 2019, Hairston sued

O’Neill. The complaint sought (1) a declaratory judgment finding that, among other

things, O’Neill’s fence is located on Hairston’s property, (2) an injunction barring

O’Neill from trespassing on Hairston’s property, (3) damages for trespass, and (4)

attorney fees. Hairston included with her complaint a survey from a registered land

surveyor dated May 30, 2019, purportedly depicting the boundary line between the

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parties’ properties. O’Neill answered and counterclaimed for damages allegedly

resulting from Hairston allowing her dogs to roam in O’Neill’s yard. O’Neill also

requested bad faith attorney fees.

      In July 2021, Hairston moved for summary judgment, claiming she was

“entitled to judgment as a matter of law on the issues of location of the boundary line

between the properties, trespass, and injunctive relief.” She also argued that O’Neill’s

fence constitutes a “spite” fence, erected solely to injure her. Hairston attached to her

motion a copy of the May 30, 2019 land survey purportedly marking the boundary

line between the parties’ properties, as well as an affidavit averring that O’Neill

erected the fence on Hairston’s property and that the fence blocks access to her

property.

      O’Neill responded to Hairston’s motion. Her response included an affidavit and

photographs that she claimed “show colored surveyor flags marking the boundary line

and [also] show the wooden fence is on [her] side of the [property] line.”2 In her

affidavit, O’Neill averred as follows: (a) she has “personal knowledge of the corners

of the property that [she] own[s] from living there for about 19 years”; (b) a number

      2
        O’Neill also included in her responses to discovery a number of photographs
of the properties at issue, including photographs of colored surveyor flags, the fence,
and a pulled string she claims marks the property boundary line.

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of years earlier, Hairston’s husband hired a surveyor who installed a marker stake

with red tape between Hairston’s property and O’Neill’s property; (c) the marker

stake purportedly is shown on Hairston’s submitted survey “as a diamond shape”; (d)

O’Neill tied a string to the marker stake and pulled the string to the corner of

Hairston’s property labeled “point of beginning” on Hairston’s survey; (e)

photographs showing the marker stake and the pulled string (attached to O’Neill’s

affidavit) show that O’Neill’s fence does not encroach on Hairston’s property.

According to O’Neill’s affidavit, her photographs show that the fence is on her side

of the property line. O’Neill also testified by deposition that the fence is on her side

of the property line and that she received permission from the city building inspector

to erect the fence.

      In addition to this evidence, O’Neill submitted during discovery a 1994 survey,

as well as a February 6, 2019 survey by the same land survey company that performed

the May 2019 survey. O’Neill argued at the motion for summary judgment hearing

that the February 2019 survey contains “some differences” from the May 2019

survey.

      The trial court held a hearing and granted partial summary judgment to

Hairston, finding as follows: (1) the May 30, 2019 survey presented by Hairston

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“accurately reflects the location of the boundary lines between the parties’ respective

properties”; (2) O’Neill’s fence extends beyond the boundary of her property and

onto Hairston’s property; and (3) the portion of the fence extending onto Hairston’s

property constitutes a trespass. The court ordered O’Neill to remove the portion of her

fence extending onto Hairston’s property and enjoined O’Neill from trespassing on

Hairston’s property or blocking access to Hairston’s property from the main road. The

court found that Hairston was entitled to a jury trial on compensatory damages,

denied Hairston’s motion for summary judgment as to whether the fence constitutes

a “spite” fence, and specifically stated that it was not addressing O’Neill’s

counterclaims. O’Neill appeals the trial court’s ruling that her fence extends beyond

the boundary of her propery.

      In related enumerations of error, O’Neill asserts that the trial court erred in

finding there are no genuine issues of material fact regarding the location of the

boundary line and whether her fence extends onto Hairston’s property. According to

O’Neill, the trial court improperly rejected her evidence and gave conclusive weight

to Hairston’s evidence. We agree.

                                          5
      In Georgia, surveys or plats made by a county surveyor pursuant to OCGA §

36-7-12 are presumptive evidence of the facts set out therein.3 However, if a survey

does not meet the requirements of OCGA § 36-7-12, “it carries no presumptive value

as evidence of the facts, although, if verified by oral testimony, it is admissible as a

part of and as illustrative of such oral testimony for whatever it may be worth.”

Durden v. Kerby, 201 Ga. 780, 782 (1) (41 SE2d 131) (1947). This rule

      is in accord with the generally accepted practice of admitting plats or
      diagrams for whatever they may be worth; not as original, independent
      evidence, but on the theory that they are nothing more than verified
      pictorial representations of matters about which the witness has properly
      testified, and as being a desirable expediency by which to illustrate the
      witness’s testimony as to the location of the land thus represented.

Id.; accord Clark v. Stafford, 239 Ga. App. 69, 70 (522 SE2d 6) (1999).

      Here, Hairston does not assert that her survey was conducted in accordance

with OCGA § 36-7-12. She, nonetheless, maintains that the trial court properly

granted her summary judgment because “it is a verifiable uncontroverted fact that

      3
        OCGA § 36-7-12 provides: “Surveys or plats of lands within his county, made
by the county surveyor under order of court and on notice to all the parties, signed by
him officially, and stating the contents, courses, and distances of any land surveyed
by him are presumptive evidence of the facts if all the requisites of the law touching
such surveys and the reports thereof are complied with.”

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[O’Neill’s] fence . . . extends onto [her] property[.]” According to Hairston,

regardless of the testimony and picture exhibits tendered by O’Neill, O’Neill failed

to demonstrate a “genuine” material issue of fact. Without citing any authority,

Hairston argues on appeal that “[t]he simple fact that a given legal issue may have

contradictory evidence involved, such as conflicting testimony, conflicting pictorial

depictions and even perhaps conflicting plats and maps, may be sufficient to establish

a dispute of material fact, but that is not enough. It must be genuine.” Hairston

continues: “Regardless of [her] plat’s official status, it is simply more persuasive and

therefore more conclusive than [O’Neill’s] evidence.”

      Hairston’s arguments lack merit and illustrate why the trial court’s grant of

summary judgment to her was improper. First, it was Hairston’s burden, as the party

seeking summary judgment, to “produc[e] evidence of the ‘necessary certitude’ to

show that no genuine issue of fact remains,” Sherman v. Thomas-Lane American

Legion Post 597, 330 Ga. App. 618, 622 (3) (768 SE2d 797) (2015), and, as the

plaintiff, to demonstrate “the absence or non-existence of any defense raised by the

defendant.” 905 Bernina Avenue Coop., 342 Ga. App. at 361 (1). Second, there is no

presumption of correctness associated with Hairston’s unofficial survey, which is

admissible only for whatever weight the trier of fact ultimately attaches to it. See

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Durden, 201 Ga. at 782 (1); Clark, 239 Ga. App. at 70. Finally, the evidence must be

construed in the light most favorable to O’Neill, as the nonmovant. 905 Bernina

Avenue Coop., 342 Ga. App. at 361 (1). So viewed, the record contains conflicting

evidence produced by each party demonstrating that a genuine issue of material fact

exists as to the location of the boundary line between their properties,4 and Hairston’s

argument that her plat is “more persuasive” and “more conclusive” than O’Neill’s

evidence is a question that must be decided by a factfinder, not by a trial court on

summary judgment. See Gibson v. Rustin, 297 Ga. App. 169, 174 (3) (676 SE2d 799)

(2009) (“Disputed lines between adverse claimants of land . . . are peculiarly

questions of fact for the factfinder.”).

      In particular, O’Neill countered Hairston’s unofficial survey with (a) deposition

testimony and an affidavit stating that her fence is not located on Hairston’s property,

(b) photographs potentially indicating that her fence does not encroach on Hairston’s

property, and (c) at least one survey potentially indicating “differences” from the May

2019 survey relied on by Hairston. Evidence of a purportedly different boundary line

than that drawn on the May 2019 survey is some evidence from which a rational trier

      4
       Hairston claims that O’Neill’s position with respect to the material facts is not
“genuine,” but she elaborates no argument in support of that conclusory and arguably
nonsensical assertion.

                                           8
of fact could find that Hairston’s survey is incorrect. See Gibson, 297 Ga. App. at 174

(3) (“The question of the meaning of [an] iron pole [alleged to be a property marker]

was for the trier of fact.”) (citation and punctuation omitted); Railey v. Heath, 92 Ga.

App. 123, 124 (88 SE2d 194) (1955) (finding evidence that “iron-pin corners were

at each end of a boundary line” was “some evidence that the line originally lay in a

straight line between them”); see also generally King, 250 Ga. at 887-888.

      Notwithstanding Hairston’s arguments, the evidence presented to the trial court

shows genuine issues of material fact regarding the location of the boundary line

between the adjoining property owners and whether the fence erected by O’Neill

extends onto Hairston’s property. The trial court, therefore, erred in granting

Hairston’s motion for partial summary judgment and not submitting these disputed

issues to a jury. See generally Clark, 239 Ga. App. at 71-74 (2). We therefore must

reverse.

      Judgment reversed. Doyle, P. J., and Reese, J., concur.

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