Court Opinion

ID: 1076580
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:19:33.509681+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:41:58.188662
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Baker, Annunziata and Senior Judge Cole
Argued by Teleconference

COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
                                       MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.        Record No. 0265-97-4       JUDGE ROSEMARIE ANNUNZIATA
                                           JULY 15, 1997
MOUNCEY FERGUSON, JR.

            FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF LOUDOUN COUNTY
                    James H. Chamblin, Judge
          Eugene Murphy, Assistant Attorney General
          (James S. Gilmore, III, Attorney General, on
          brief), for appellant.

          Rodney G. Leffler (Timothy B. Hyland; Delmara
          F. Bayliss; Leffler, Hyland & Thompson, on
          brief), for appellee.

     Mouncey Ferguson, Jr. is charged with possession of

marijuana with intent to distribute.    Ferguson filed a motion to

suppress certain statements he made to the police during the

search of his home.   Following an evidentiary hearing, the trial

court granted Ferguson's motion in part.    The Commonwealth

appeals the suppression order pursuant to Code § 19.2-398.     We

find that Ferguson was not in custody for purposes of Miranda and
reverse the trial court's suppression order.

     On appeal from a trial court's decision to suppress

evidence, this Court views the evidence in the light most

favorable to the prevailing party.     O'Toole v. Commonwealth, 20
Va. App. 540, 541, 458 S.E.2d 595, 596 (1995).
     *
      Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
designated for publication.
       On the evening in question, Ferguson returned home to find

police officers searching his house.    Deputy Beaver met Ferguson

at the driveway and escorted him to Investigator Pratt, who was

standing outside the house.   Pratt told Ferguson what was going

on, read him the search warrant and gave him Miranda warnings.

Pratt and Beaver believed that Ferguson had invoked his right to

counsel when he inquired whether he could call his lawyer.     Pratt

conveyed his belief to the other officers on the scene and

instructed them not to question Ferguson.
       Ferguson returned with Beaver to the driveway area where

Beaver allowed Ferguson to make a call from a telephone in his

car.   Pratt had refused to allow Ferguson to enter the house,

intending to wait until the officers conducting the search had

secured an area in which Ferguson could be placed.   After about

an hour, Pratt allowed Ferguson to enter a first floor room of

the house which the officers had finished searching.   Deputy

Finney, who had relieved Deputy Beaver, supervised Ferguson for

the next two hours while the search continued, waiting with

Ferguson in the living room and escorting him to the bathroom and

elsewhere to smoke.   During that time, the officers brought

snacks to Ferguson and prepared his dinner, although, as Pratt

testified, Ferguson was not free to leave.

       Investigator Garis, assigned to search the rooms on the

first floor of the house, completed his search and remained on

the first floor while another officer collected evidence.    Garis

                                - 2 -
and Ferguson then engaged in discourse, the substance of which

was the impetus for Ferguson's motion to suppress.

     Following the search, Ferguson was arrested for possession

of marijuana with intent to distribute.

     The trial court found that "Ferguson was in custody for

Miranda purposes when he arrived at his house and was told that

he must remain with an officer."    "A person in Ferguson's

position," the court found, "would have then reasonably perceived

that he was not free to leave."    The court suppressed statements

made by Ferguson during his discourse with Garis, having found

Ferguson had invoked his right to counsel and that Garis had

posed the functional equivalent of an investigative question.
     The trial court's finding that Ferguson was in custody for

Miranda purposes is a mixed question of law and fact which is,

ultimately, reviewable on appeal.     Thompson v. Keohane, __ U.S.

__, __, 116 S. Ct. 457, 465 (1995).

     The officers in the present case were justified in detaining

Ferguson while they executed the search of his home.     See

Michigan v. Summers, 452 U.S. 692, 705 (1982).    Contrary to the

trial court's conclusion, that "Ferguson was in custody for

Miranda purposes when he arrived at his house and was told that

he must remain with an officer," "custody" for purposes of

Miranda does not result ipso facto from the detention of a

suspect during the execution of a search of the suspect's home.

                              - 3 -
See id. 1

     "`In determining whether an individual was in custody, a

court must examine all of the circumstances . . . but "the

ultimate inquiry is simply whether there [was] a `formal arrest

or restraint on freedom of movement' of the degree associated

with a formal arrest."'"     Novak v. Commonwealth, 20 Va. App. 373,

385, 457 S.E.2d 402, 407 (1995) (citations omitted).    The issue

is whether "the objective circumstances would lead a reasonable

person to believe he was under arrest, thereby subjecting him or

her to pressure impairing the free exercise of the privilege

against self-incrimination."     Cherry v. Commonwealth, 14 Va. App.
135, 139, 415 S.E.2d 242, 244 (1992).

     Here, Ferguson remained on the premises of his own house for

the duration of his detention.    While a number of police officers

occupied the scene, Ferguson was supervised by only one officer.

 At no time was Ferguson physically restrained by the officer or

handcuffed, and the officers brought Ferguson dinner and

permitted him to use the telephone in his car and to move about

his house.    The evidence established that Ferguson was not free

to leave his home and that he was given Miranda warnings by the
police.     In view of the totality of the circumstances, however,

we believe that Ferguson was not placed under formal arrest nor
     1
      This is not to suggest, however, that the execution of a
search warrant renders, ipso facto, such a detention
"non-custodial" for purposes of Miranda. See Wass v.
Commonwealth, 5 Va. App. 27, 33-35, 359 S.E.2d 836, 839-41
(1987).

                                 - 4 -
was his freedom of movement restrained to the degree associated

with a formal arrest.
          The purposes of the safeguards prescribed by
          Miranda are to ensure that the police do not
          coerce or trick captive suspects into
          confessing, to relieve the "`inherently
          compelling pressures'" generated by the
          custodial setting itself, "`which work to
          undermine the individual's will to resist'"
          . . . .

May v. Commonwealth, 3 Va. App. 348, 354-55, 349 S.E.2d 428, 431

(1986) (quoting Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420, 433 (1984)).

Such concerns are simply not implicated by the facts of the

present case.   We find that Ferguson was not subject to

"custodial" interrogation and that he made his statements

voluntarily.    Accordingly, the trial court should not have

suppressed them.
     The trial court's order is reversed.

                                                           Reversed.

                                - 5 -