Court Opinion

ID: 4649476
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-01-06 17:13:50.737637+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:01:25.485694
License: Public Domain

J-S40023-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellee                :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
    MIKIEL WILMER
                                               :
                       Appellant               :        No. 313 EDA 2019

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered January 26, 2017
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
             Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0000369-2014,
                            CP-51-CR-0000373-2014

BEFORE:      SHOGAN, J., KING, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.:                               FILED JANUARY 06, 2021

        Appellant, Mikiel Wilmer, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, following his

consolidated jury trial convictions for aggravated indecent assault of a child,

endangering the welfare of children (“EWOC”), unlawful contact with a minor,

simple assault, indecent assault of a child under the age of 13, and corruption

of minors (“COM”).1       We affirm Appellant’s convictions, but we vacate the

judgment of sentence and remand with instructions.

        In its opinion, the trial court sets forth the relevant facts of this case as

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3125(b); 4304; 6318; 2701; 3126(a)(7); and 6301,
respectively.
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follows:

           This case arises from an incident that occurred when the
           complainants, twin sisters S.S. and N.S., were five years
           old.1 On the evening in question, S.S. and N.S. stayed the
           night at the home [of] Appellant, their maternal uncle. After
           washing up, the two girls went to bed on two twin beds that
           had been pulled together.

              1   S.S. and N.S. were born in May 2005.

           After falling asleep, S.S. awoke to find Appellant rubbing her
           butt. S.S. testified that she was scared so she pushed him
           and started kicking him off. Appellant, however, “kept
           trying to get back” and tried to touch her butt 3 to 4 times.

           Appellant then went to her sister, N.S.2 and placed his finger
           in N.S.’s vagina. S.S. tried to stop Appellant by pushing him
           off of N.S. and saying, “no stop.” S.S. also told Appellant
           that she was going to tell her mom (Appellant’s sister).

              2  N.S. suffers from a speech disability and was
              mentally challenged and thus, was unable to testify at
              trial.

           Appellant, however, indicated he didn’t care and smacked
           her. S.S. then laid down and cried and ended up falling
           asleep.

           The above events went unreported until S.S. disclosed the
           events to her mother, [T.W.], when she was 7-years-old.
           [T.W.] was speaking to S.S. about, “why they had to be
           careful out [there] because there [are] dangerous people,”
           to which S.S. responded, “[yeah], dangerous people like
           [U]ncle Mickey.” S.S. then related that “day that you left
           us over there, he made us go to bed with just our t-shirts
           on. And then…he woke me up, touching my butt.” S.S. told
           [T.W.] that, “she had to fight him off her. She pushed him
           off her and he kept trying and then he turned over and put
           his hands in [N.S.]” S.S. stated that, “As [she] tried to stop
           [Appellant], he started smacking her and then she went
           until she couldn’t fight [any] more.        She just heard
           screaming and crying from N.S. She was just so scared,
           she went back to sleep because [Appellant] said he was

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         going to F her up.”

         [T.W.] subsequently made an attempt to meet Appellant but
         he failed to appear. She did not report the matter right
         away because she did not know Appellant’s whereabouts.
         However, after speaking with her sister, [she] reported the
         matter to the police.

(Trial Court Opinion, filed November 19, 2019, at 3-5) (internal record

citations omitted).

      Following a consolidated trial, a jury convicted Appellant at CP-51-CR-

0000369-2014 (victim N.S) of one count each of aggravated indecent assault

of a child, EWOC, COM, and unlawful contact with a minor. At docket CP-51-

CR-0000373-2014 (victim S.S), a jury convicted Appellant of one count each

of EWOC, simple assault, indecent assault of a victim under 13, COM, and

unlawful contact with a minor. On January 26, 2017, the court imposed an

aggregate sentence of 159 to 318 months’ imprisonment, plus ten (10) years’

reporting probation. The court further ordered Appellant to comply with the

“Tier III” conditions under “Megan’s Law.”

      On Monday, February 6, 2017, Appellant timely filed post-sentence

motions, which were denied by operation of law on June 6, 2017.                   On

September     12,     2018,   Appellant    filed   a   counseled   petition   seeking

reinstatement of his direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. The court treated the

petition under the Post Conviction Relief Act at 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546,

and it reinstated Appellant’s direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc on January 25,

2019. That same day, Appellant filed separate notices of appeal nunc pro tunc

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at each underlying docket, listing both docket numbers on each notice of

appeal.

      On September 9, 2019, the court ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P.

1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. Appellant filed

a preliminary Rule 1925(b) statement on September 30, 2019, explaining he

had yet to receive all transcripts.     Appellant also filed a request for an

extension of time to file a supplemental Rule 1925(b) statement upon receipt

of all transcripts.   The court granted the request for an extension, and

Appellant filed his supplemental Rule 1925(b) statement on October 17, 2019.

      Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

          Should not this Court address the merits of Appellant’s
          appeal where he filed one timely appeal for each docket, CP-
          51-CR-0000369-2014 and CP-51-CR-0000373-2014, and
          the docket numbers represent convictions from one trial
          involving two complainants before a jury and one judgment
          of sentence imposed upon Appellant by the trial judge?

          Was not the evidence insufficient to convict Appellant of
          unlawful contact with [a] minor, 18 Pa.C.S. § 6318, for both
          juvenile complainants, N.S. and S.S., where the
          Commonwealth failed to establish the element of contact as
          required under the statute?

          Did not the trial court improperly impose a lifetime reporting
          requirement upon Appellant pursuant to SORNA whereby
          life registration violates the Pennsylvania and Federal
          Constitutions?

(Appellant’s Brief at 3).

      In his first issue, Appellant asserts that he filed separate, timely notices

of appeal for each of the underlying trial court docket numbers. Appellant

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avers the notices of appeal were e-filed nunc pro tunc on January 25, 2019,

and each notice of appeal contained both trial court docket numbers at issue.

Appellant emphasizes that the trial court consolidated the charges at each

docket number for trial and sentencing, and the docket numbers are related

to a single incident involving two complainants. Under these circumstances,

Appellant concludes this Court should not quash the appeal pursuant to

Commonwealth v. Walker, 646 Pa. 456, 185 A.3d 969 (2018). We agree.

      “Where … one or more orders resolves issues arising on more than one

docket or relating to more than one judgment, separate notices of appeal must

be filed.”   Pa.R.A.P. 341, Note (citation omitted).     On June 1, 2018, the

Pennsylvania Supreme Court decided Walker and emphasized, “[t]he Official

Note to Rule 341 provides a bright-line mandatory instruction to practitioners

to file separate notices of appeal.” Walker, supra at 467, 185 A.3d at 976-

77. This Court has recently explained that:

         Rule 341 and Walker make no mention of case numbers on
         a notice of appeal. To be sure, the error in Walker was the
         filing of a single notice of appeal affecting multiple cases and
         several defendants. The bright-line rule set forth in Walker
         only required an appellant to file a “separate” notice of
         appeal for each lower court docket the appellant was
         challenging.

Commonwealth v. Johnson, 236 A.3d 1141 (Pa.Super. 2020) (en banc).

      Instantly, Appellant properly filed a separate notice of appeal for each

trial court docket he now challenges on appeal. On this record, Appellant has

complied with the mandates of Walker, and we proceed to address the merits

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of his remaining claims on appeal. See id.

      In his second issue, Appellant alleges the Commonwealth failed to

establish the element of “contact” as required to support his convictions for

unlawful contact with a minor.     Regarding the conviction related to N.S.,

Appellant argues he never “communicated” with N.S. prior to the incident.

With respect to S.S., Appellant acknowledges that he slapped and threatened

her, but he insists that such contact was not the type of communication

prohibited under Section 6318. Moreover, Appellant contends that Section

6318 prohibits contact with a minor for the purpose of engaging in specifically

enumerated sexual offenses.     Appellant maintains that simple assault, for

which he was convicted, is not one of the enumerated offenses. Appellant

concludes the Commonwealth presented insufficient evidence to support his

convictions for unlawful contact with a minor. We disagree.

      When examining a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence, our standard

of review is as follows:

         The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
         evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at
         trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there
         is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every
         element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In
         applying [the above] test, we may not weigh the evidence
         and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In addition,
         we note that the facts and circumstances established by the
         Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of
         innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may
         be resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak
         and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of
         fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances. The
         Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every

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         element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means
         of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying the
         above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all
         evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the
         [trier] of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses
         and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe
         all, part or none of the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Jackson, 215 A.3d 972, 980 (Pa.Super. 2019) (quoting

Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011), appeal

denied, 613 Pa. 642, 32 A.3d 1275 (2011)).

      The Pennsylvania Crimes Code defines the offense of unlawful contact

with a minor, in relevant part, as follows:

      § 6318. Unlawful contact with minor

            (a) Offense defined.—A person commits an offense if
         he is intentionally in contact with a minor, or a law
         enforcement officer acting in the performance of his duties
         who has assumed the identity of a minor, for the purpose of
         engaging in an activity prohibited under any of the following,
         and either the person initiating the contact or the person
         being contacted is within this Commonwealth:

            (1) Any of the offenses enumerated in Chapter 31
            (relating to sexual offenses).

                                  *    *      *

             (c) Definitions.—As used in this section, the following
         words and phrases shall have the meanings given to them
         in this subsection:

                                  *    *      *

            “Contacts.”   Direct  or  indirect  contact  or
            communication by any means, method or device,
            including contact or communication in person or
            through an agent or agency, through any print
            medium, the mails, a common carrier or

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           communication common carrier, any electronic
           communication system and any telecommunications,
           wire, computer or radio communications device or
           system.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6318.

     The crime of unlawful contact with a minor focuses on communication,

verbal or non-verbal, and does not depend upon the timing of the

communication. Commonwealth v. Davis, 225 A.3d 582, 587 (Pa.Super.

2019). It does not matter whether the communication occurred at the outset

of or contemporaneously with the contact; once the communicative message

is relayed to a minor, the crime of unlawful contact is complete.        See

Commonwealth v. Rose, 960 A.2d 149, 152-53 (Pa.Super. 2008), appeal

denied, 602 Pa. 657, 980 A.2d 110 (2009).       “Even though the statute is

entitled ‘unlawful contact with a minor,’ it is best understood as ‘unlawful

communication with a minor.’ By its plain terms, the statute prohibits the act

of communicating with a minor for enumerated sexual purposes.” Id.

     In Commonwealth v. Velez, 51 A.3d 260 (Pa.Super. 2012), this Court

addressed the type of communication or contact necessary to sustain a

conviction for unlawful contact.    There, a woman found the defendant

molesting her daughter, who was “lying on the bed, nude from the waist down,

with her knees up and defendant’s head between her legs.” Id. at 262. The

defendant argued that the element of “contact” had not been met because no

evidence had been admitted of a verbal communication between him and the

victim. Further, the defendant claimed that he did not contact the victim via

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a communicative message, and his physical touching of the victim by itself

was not the type of contact contemplated by the statute.       On review, this

Court concluded that, despite the lack of evidence of overt verbal

communication, it was reasonable to infer that the defendant communicated

with the victim, either nonverbally or verbally, to assume the position in which

her mother found her. Id. See also Commonwealth v. Leatherby, 116

A.3d 73 (Pa.Super. 2015) (explaining jury could infer that defendant engaged

in nonverbal communication with complainant for purposes of sexual contact

by intentionally remaining silent when complainant knocked on bathroom

door, thus causing complainant to walk in on defendant while he was naked).

      Instantly, Appellant communicated with both N.S. and S.S. several

times before initiating the assaults. Specifically, Appellant gave both N.S. and

S.S. t-shirts to wear to bed, and he did not provide either child with pants or

underwear. (See N.T. Trial, 10/18/16, at 49). S.S. explained that it was not

typical for the sisters to sleep in t-shirts only.    (Id. at 48).    Appellant

positioned two beds together so N.S. and S.S. could sleep next to each other,

which provided him with access to both girls simultaneously.       (Id. at 50).

When S.S. awoke, Appellant was touching and rubbing her bare-skinned

buttocks with his hands.    (Id. at 52).   Shortly after this assault on S.S.,

Appellant initiated an assault on N.S.’s bare genitalia.    (Id. at 53).   Even

absent evidence of any overt verbal communication, it was reasonable to infer

that Appellant communicated with N.S and S.S., either nonverbally or

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verbally, instructing them about where to sleep and what to wear. See Velez,

supra.

      Additionally, regarding Appellant’s threats to S.S., the trial court stated:

         The intent of the communication was to facilitate the assault
         on N.S. and to foster a sense of hopelessness in S.S. that
         would cause her to stop her efforts to help her sister and to
         refrain from reporting the crime. The communications
         unfortunately achieved their purpose since S.S. stopped her
         efforts on behalf of her sister and lay down crying. Following
         [Appellant’s] communications, she refrained from reporting
         the incident for nearly two years.

(Trial Court Opinion at 7). We agree that Appellant’s threats allowed him to

further his goal of his sexual assault on N.S.

      Appellant clearly communicated to S.S. with verbal threats designed to

prevent her from informing her mother about the sexual assault. For instance,

after S.S. observed Appellant digitally penetrate N.S.’s vagina, S.S. attempted

several times to stop his sexual assault. (See N.T. Trial, 10/18/16, at 111).

Specifically, S.S. tried to push Appellant away from N.S., while telling him

“No,” and “Stop.” (Id. at 54). In response, Appellant “smacked” her in the

face multiple times and stated that “he would F her up.” (Id. at 55, 111).

When S.S. threatened to tell her mother, Appellant replied, “I don’t care.”

(Id. at 56). Here, Appellant communicated threats to S.S. to facilitate his

sexual assault on N.S. Further, these threats created a sense of hopelessness

in S.S., causing her to cease efforts to help her sister and refrain from

immediately reporting this assault. Thus, Appellant’s communications with

S.S. were for the purpose of carrying out his sexual acts. See Rose, supra

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at 152-53. Based upon the foregoing, the Commonwealth produced sufficient

evidence to support Appellant’s convictions for both counts of unlawful contact

with a minor.       See Jackson, supra; 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6318.            Therefore,

Appellant is not entitled to relief on his second issue.

       In his third issue, Appellant alleges the court erred by imposing lifetime

reporting requirements under the Tier III conditions of the Sexual Offender

Registration and Notification Act (“SORNA”).2          (Appellant’s Brief at 18).

Appellant avers that the imposition of such registration requirements violates

the ex post facto clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution. Further, Appellant

acknowledges that requirements of the amended Act 29 of SORNA II

Subchapter I are currently applicable to him, but he contends they are

unconstitutional because they are punitive. We disagree.

       SORNA I took effect on December 20, 2012.            See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§

9799.10-9799.41.        In 2017, our Supreme Court held that SORNA I was

punitive in effect, and retroactive application of SORNA I to an offender whose

offenses occurred before the statute’s effective date violated the ex post facto

clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution. See Commonwealth v. Muniz, 64

Pa. 699, 164 A.3d 1189 (2017). Following Muniz, the legislature amended

____________________________________________

2 The legislature has amended SORNA several times resulting in at least two
distinct versions of the Act. For clarity, we will refer to these different versions
of the law as SORNA I and SORNA II. Appellant does not specify the version
of SORNA under which he was sentenced, but we note that SORNA I was in
effect at the time of Appellant’s sentencing.

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SORNA I. Act 10 amended several provisions of SORNA I and also added

several new sections found at 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.42, 9799.51-9799.75. In

addition, the Governor of Pennsylvania signed new legislation striking the Act

10 amendments and reenacting several SORNA I provisions, effective June

12, 2018. The amended version of SORNA I, with the 2018 amendments, is

commonly referred to as “SORNA II.”

      Through Act 10, as amended in Act 29, the legislature created

Subchapter I, which addresses sexual offenders who committed offenses on

or after April 22, 1996, but before December 20, 2012. Subchapter I contains

less stringent reporting requirements than Subchapter H, which applies to

offenders who committed offenses on or after December 20, 2012, SORNA I’s

effective date.

      On July 21, 2020, our Supreme Court issued its decision in

Commonwealth v. Lacombe, ___ Pa. ___, 234 A.3d 602 (2020). The Court

noted that Subchapter I of SORNA II was “markedly different from the version

of SORNA invalidated in Muniz.” Id. at ___, 234 A.3d at 606. Accordingly,

the Court concluded that Subchapter I is nonpunitive and does not violate the

constitutional prohibition against ex post facto laws.” Id. at ___, 234 A.3d at

605-06.

      Instantly, Appellant committed the sex offenses at issue in 2009 or

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2010, prior to the effective date of SORNA I.3 See Muniz, supra. Thus, the

registration and reporting requirements of Subchapter I apply. Our Supreme

Court has specifically rejected Appellant’s claim that Subchapter I is

unconstitutional. See Lacombe, supra.

       Nevertheless, our review of the record shows that in both the sentencing

transcript and the written sentencing order, the court actually provided

Appellant with the registration and notification requirements under “Megan’s

Law” rather than the then-applicable version of SORNA. Specifically, the court

stated: “[Y]ou’re a Tier 3 offender with respect to Megan’s Law. You have a

lifetime registry.” (N.T. Sentencing, 1/26/17, at 40). Further, the sentencing

order states: “Lifetime Registration: Must register with the State Police and

comply with all Tier III under Megan’s Law requirements.” (Sentencing Order,

1/26/17).     The registration and reporting requirements which the court

imposed upon Appellant are inherently inconsistent, because Megan’s Law has

no “tiers” but does require lifetime registration for Appellant’s conviction of

aggravated indecent assault of a child. Conversely, both SORNA I and SORNA

II include a Tier III lifetime registration.

       Accordingly, the court erred in sentencing Appellant under Megan’s Law,

and we vacate only that portion of the judgment of sentence regarding

____________________________________________

3S.S. initially stated the assault occurred when she was four years old (2009),
and she later testified that it occurred when she was five years old (2010).
(See N.T. Trial, 10/18/16, at 59). In either case, Subchapter I applies.

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Appellant’s sex offender registration and reporting requirements. Further, we

remand the matter for the court to impose the applicable requirements under

Subchapter I of SORNA II.4

       Convictions affirmed; judgment of sentence vacated in part; case

remanded with instructions. Jurisdiction is relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/6/2021

____________________________________________

4 We note that both the trial court and the Commonwealth agree this case
should be remanded for the issuance of appropriate reporting requirements.

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