Court Opinion

ID: 9346545
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-12-19 19:07:23.729023+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:31:41.215318
License: Public Domain

J-S41044-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    CARMINE A. MADEJCZYK                       :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 188 MDA 2022

             Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 13, 2022
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-40-CR-0001377-2018

BEFORE:      LAZARUS, J., MURRAY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.:                 FILED: DECEMBER 19, 2022

        Appellant, Carmine A. Madejczyk, appeals from the order entered in the

Luzerne County Court of Common Pleas denying as untimely his first petition

filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A §§ 9541-

9546.      Appellant's counsel, Matthew Kelly, Esquire (Counsel), has filed

a Turner/Finley1 brief and application to withdraw as counsel. We vacate the

PCRA court’s order, deny Counsel’s petition, and remand for further

proceedings consistent with this decision.

        The PCRA court has filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion providing a salient

history of pertinent facts and procedural history relating to the untimely filing

of the present PCRA petition, as follows:
____________________________________________

*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth v.
Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).
J-S41044-22

        While represented by Assistant Public Defender Brian Corcoran,
        the Defendant [hereinafter referred to as “Appellant”] pleaded
        guilty to one count of aggravated assault, 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
        2702(a)(1) (F1). With the benefit of a presentence investigation
        report (PSI), [the trial court] imposed a lower-end guideline range
        sentence of fifty-four (54) months to one hundred eight (108)
        months incarceration, to be served in a state correctional
        institution. N.T. 7/18/18 at 3-4.

        A counseled motion for reconsideration of sentence was filed on
        Appellant’s behalf, but while that motion was pending, Appellant
        filed a pro se notice of appeal to the Superior Court, and, shortly
        thereafter, a pro se motion for post-conviction collateral relief that
        raised, among other things, an allegation that Attorney Corcoran
        had rendered ineffective assistance. The [trial court] denied the
        counseled motion for reconsideration of sentence, but took no
        action on Appellant’s pro se PCRA petition.

        In light of the allegation of ineffectiveness contained in the pro se
        PCRA petition, the Public Defender’s Office filed a motion for the
        appointment of conflict counsel. Attorney Matthew Kelly was
        appointed, and a counseled direct appeal was filed on September
        11, 2018.fn 1 After Attorney Kelly filed a timely[, court-ordered]
        Rule 1925(b) Statement . . . , [the trial court] filed a responsive
        Rule 1925(a) Opinion and transmitted the record to the Superior
        Court.

              FN 1 Attorney Kelly moved to quash the pro se
              [direct] appeal, and the Superior Court dismissed it as
              duplicative of the counseled appeal.

        Attorney Kelly then filed an Anders [2] brief with the Superior
        Court, seeking to withdraw as counsel. Appellant was notified of
        the request to withdraw. After reviewing the Anders brief and
        making a full examination of the proceedings, the Superior Court
        affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence and granted Attorney
        Kelly’s request to withdraw.
____________________________________________

2   Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967).

                                           -2-
J-S41044-22

     In the Superior Court’s memorandum opinion, it indicated that
     “[t]he trial court properly took no action on the PCRA petition, as
     a petition for PCRA ‘relief may only be filed after direct appeal is
     concluded.’” [Commonwealth v. Madejczyk, 1524 MDA 2018,
     2019 WL 1752806 at *1, n. 1, unpublished memorandum (Pa.
     Super. filed April 17, 2019)]. Additionally, the Superior Court
     stated that “[t]o the extent that Appellant averred in this
     premature PCRA petition that his plea was unlawfully induced by
     counsel, that claim is properly pursued through the PCRA after
     Appellant’s judgment of sentence becomes final. See 42 Pa.C.S.
     § 9543(a)(2)(iii).” [Madejczyk, 1524 MDA 2018, 2019 WL
     1752806 at *4, n. 4.]

     Appellant did not seek review to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court,
     nor did he file a PCRA [petition] to pursue the claim that his plea
     was unlawfully induced by counsel, as suggested by the Superior
     Court’s memorandum. The record was thus returned to [the trial
     court] and stored.

     Then, on June 4, 2020, more than a year after [Appellant’s
     judgment of sentence became final], a motion for the appointment
     of conflict counsel was filed by the Luzerne County Public
     Defender’s Office. In light of the procedural posture of this case,
     as outlined above, where there were no pending matters before
     this (or any) court, [the trial court] denied the motion to appoint
     counsel.

     Nonetheless, when the Public Defender’s Office filed a second
     motion for appointment of conflict counsel [the trial court] granted
     the motion out of an abundance of caution as to the protection of
     Appellant’s rights and appointed Attorney Jeffrey Yelen as conflict
     counsel. Attorney Yelen filed a PCRA petition on Appellant’s
     behalf, seeking to raise a claim that trial counsel’s ineffectiveness
     caused Appellant’s plea to be involuntary. A hearing was held,
     and the parties were permitted to submit briefs, limited to the
     issue of whether Appellant’s request for post-conviction relief was
     timely.

     Based on the testimony at this hearing, the procedural history of
     this case, and the applicable case and statutory law, [the trial
     court] determined that it was without jurisdiction to address the
     merits of Appellant’s request for relief because he had not
     complied with the time requirements of the PCRA.

                                     -3-
J-S41044-22

     A counseled appeal of the dismissal of Appellant’s PCRA petition
     was filed, and Attorney Michael Kostelaba was appointed to
     represent Appellant for purposes of that appeal.         Attorney
     Kostelaba later requested and was granted permission to
     withdraw as counsel because he was leaving the Office of Conflict
     Counsel, and Attorney Kelly was re-appointed in his stead.
     Attorney Kelly filed a timely Rule 1925(b) Statement, arguing that
     Appellant’s August 13, 2018 pro se PCRA petition was not a legal
     nullity and that the Appellant’s request for post-conviction relief
     should have been deemed timely.

PCRA Court’s Pa.R.A.P. Opinion, 7/25/2022, at 1-3.

     Preliminarily, we must address Counsel’s motion to withdraw before we

may proceed to the merits of the claims raised on appeal. Counsel is required

to adhere to all of the Turner/Finley requirements, stated as follows:

     Counsel petitioning to withdraw from PCRA representation must
     proceed under Turner, supra[,] and Finley, supra[,] and must
     review the case zealously. Turner/Finley counsel must then
     submit a “no-merit” letter to the trial court, or brief on appeal to
     this Court, detailing the nature and extent of counsel's diligent
     review of the case, listing the issues which petitioner wants to
     have reviewed, explaining why and how those issues lack merit,
     and requesting permission to withdraw.

     Counsel must also send to the petitioner: (1) a copy of the “no[-
     ]merit” letter/brief; (2) a copy of counsel's petition to withdraw;
     and (3) a statement advising petitioner of the right to proceed pro
     se or by new counsel.

     Where counsel submits a petition and no-merit letter that satisfy
     the technical demands of Turner/Finley, the court—[PCRA] court
     or this Court—must then conduct its own review of the merits of
     the case. If the court agrees with counsel that the claims are
     without merit, the court will permit counsel to withdraw and deny
     relief.

                                    -4-
J-S41044-22

Commonwealth v. Doty, 48 A.3d 451, 454 (Pa. Super. 2012) (original

brackets and ellipses omitted), quoting Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 931

A.2d 717, 721 (Pa. Super. 2007).

      Instantly,   Counsel   has   satisfied   the   technical   requirements   of

Turner/Finley.     In his appellate brief, Counsel raised two issues for our

review and explained why he deemed the issues meritless. Appellant's Brief

at 7-8, 11-26. Counsel also filed a petition to withdraw with this Court and

sent Appellant a no-merit letter pursuant to Commonwealth v. Friend, 896

A.2d 607, 615 (Pa. Super. 2006) informing him of his right to proceed pro

se or retain new counsel in this appeal. Appellant has not filed a response to

Counsel's letter, the appellate brief, or the petition to withdraw. Accordingly,

we proceed to conduct an independent review of the record to determine if

the appeal lacks merit.

      In addressing Appellant's appeal, we are mindful of our well-settled

standard and scope of review of an order denying a PCRA petition. Proper

appellate review of a PCRA court's denial of a petition is limited to the

examination of “whether the PCRA court's determination is supported by the

record and free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Miller, 102 A.3d 988,

992 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation omitted). “The PCRA court's findings will not

be disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the certified

record.”   Commonwealth v. Lawson, 90 A.3d 1, 4 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(citations omitted). “This Court grants great deference to the findings of the

PCRA court, and we will not disturb those findings merely because the record

                                      -5-
J-S41044-22

could support a contrary holding.” Commonwealth v. Hickman, 799 A.2d

136, 140 (Pa. Super. 2002) (citation omitted). In contrast, we review the

PCRA court's legal conclusions de novo. Commonwealth v. Henkel, 90 A.3d

16, 20 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc), appeal denied, 101 A.3d 785 (Pa. 2014).

      We begin by noting that Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final

on May 17, 2019, after the time to file a notice of appeal to the Pennsylvania

Supreme Court had expired. See Pa.R.A.P. 903(a) (stating that “the notice

of appeal required by Rule 902 (manner of taking appeal) shall be filed within

30 days after the entry of the order from which the appeal is taken.”).

Accordingly, Appellant had until Monday, May 18, 2020, to file a timely PCRA

petition. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). Because the Defender’s Office filed

its motion seeking PCRA filing rights on behalf of Appellant 17 days beyond

this date, the motion was patently untimely.

      However, Pennsylvania courts may consider an untimely PCRA petition

where the petitioner can explicitly plead and prove one of three exceptions:

      (i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
      interference by government officials with the presentation of the
      claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
      or the Constitution or laws of the United States;

      (ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to
      the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise
      of due diligence; or

      (iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized
      by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court
      of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and
      has been held by that court to apply retroactively.

                                      -6-
J-S41044-22

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1).

      Counsel’s Turner/Finley brief identifies two discrete issues Appellant

wishes to raise in an attempt to qualify for a statutory exception, and it

explains why Counsel believes they lack merit. Specifically, each issue claims

a different exception to the PCRA time-bar, with the first asserting that the

trial court’s failure to notify Appellant that it would not act on his premature,

pro se PCRA petition implicates the government interference exception, and

the second asserting that Conflict Counsel’s failure to advise Appellant that his

PCRA petition had been ignored as a nullity left him incapable of ascertaining

this fact, thus implicating the newly-discovered fact exception.

      Turning to the Turner/Finley brief’s first issue, we observe the trial

court followed well-settled, controlling decisional law when it regarded as a

legal nullity Appellant’s premature, pro se PCRA petition filed while he was

represented by counsel. Commonwealth v. Mojica, 242 A.3d 949, 953 (Pa.

Super. 2020) (holding it is error for a court to accept a pro se petition from a

petitioner represented by counsel; PCRA court should consider such a filing to

be a legal nullity). Similarly, the trial court possessed an alternate basis on

which to consider the pro se petition a legal nullity, as it was clear Appellant

did not wish to waive his direct appeal rights given his filing of both a pro se—

albeit invalid—direct appeal and a subsequent counseled direct appeal.

Commonwealth v. Smith, 244 A.3d 13, 16-17 (Pa. Super. 2020) (holding a

PCRA petition may be filed only after petitioner has waived or exhausted his

direct appeal rights; PCRA court has no jurisdiction to accept, hold, and later

                                      -7-
J-S41044-22

dispose of a premature PCRA petition, which shall instead be deemed a legal

nullity).

      Thus understood as a legal nullity under our jurisprudence, the

premature, pro se petition in the case sub judice was to be regarded as if it

had never been filed in the first place. It was for this reason we observed in

Appellant’s direct appeal that the trial court properly took no action on the pro

se PCRA petition. Accordingly, we discern no merit to Appellant’s claim that

the trial court’s lack of overt action on the pro se petition amounted to

government interference with his ability to present a timely PCRA petition.

      Appellant’s remaining claim posits that the failure of both Conflict

Counsel and the Defender’s Office to inform him of the need to file a new PCRA

petition within one year after judgment of sentence became final entitles him

to the benefit of the exception for newly-discovered facts as provided in

Section 9545(b)(1)(ii).

      Our appellate courts have explained:

      The timeliness exception set forth in Section 9545(b)(1)(ii)
      requires a petitioner to demonstrate he did not know the facts
      upon which he based his petition and could not have learned those
      facts earlier by the exercise of due diligence. Commonwealth v.
      Bennett, 593 Pa. 382, 395, 930 A.2d 1264, 1271 (2007). Due
      diligence demands that the petitioner take reasonable steps to
      protect his own interests. Commonwealth v. Carr, 768 A.2d
      1164, 1168 (Pa. Super. 2001). A petitioner must explain why he
      could not have learned the new fact(s) earlier with the exercise of
      due diligence. Commonwealth v. Breakiron, 566 Pa. 323, 330-
      31, 781 A.2d 94, 98 (2001); Commonwealth v. Monaco, 996
      A.2d 1076, 1080 (Pa. Super. 2010), appeal denied, 610 Pa. 607,
      20 A.3d 1210 (2011).         This rule is strictly enforced.    Id.
      Additionally, the focus of this exception “is on the newly

                                      -8-
J-S41044-22

      discovered facts, not on a newly discovered or newly willing source
      for previously known facts.” Commonwealth v. Marshall, 596 Pa.
      587, 596, 947 A.2d 714, 720 (2008) (emphasis in original).

Commonwealth v. Brown, 111 A.3d 171, 176-77 (Pa. Super. 2015).

      “In other words, the “new facts” exception at [S]ubsection (b)(1)(ii) has

two components, which must be alleged and proved. Namely, the petitioner

must establish that: 1) the facts upon which the claim was predicated were

unknown and 2) could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due

diligence.”     Commonwealth v. Trivigno, No. 1779 EDA 2020, 2021 WL

3465926, at *3 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 6, 2021).

      It   is    well-settled   that   “a   conclusion   that   previous   counsel

was ineffective is not a newly discovered fact entitling [a PCRA petitioner] to

the benefit of the time-bar exception for newly-discovered facts. In sum, a

conclusion that previous counsel was ineffective is not the type of [newly-

discovered fact] encompassed by the exception.”             Commonwealth v.

Mitchell, 141 A.3d 1277, 1285 (Pa. 2016) (citation omitted).

      There is, however, an exception to this general rule if a PCRA petitioner

discovers that prior counsel abandoned him. Commonwealth v. Bennett,

930 A.2d 1264 (Pa. 2007).         See also Commonwealth v. Peterson, 192

A.2d 1123, 1130 (Pa. 2018) (discussing how ineffectiveness of counsel cannot

constitute a newly discovered “fact” unless counsel was ineffective per se, that

is, his or her inaction or malfeasance resulted in the petitioner’s complete

failure to obtain appellate review). In such cases, a petitioner can satisfy the

                                        -9-
J-S41044-22

newly-discovered fact exception if he files the petition within one year of

learning of the abandonment. Id.

      At the PCRA evidentiary hearing held on May 10, 2021, Appellant

testified that no one had ever told him that he filed his PCRA petition

prematurely or improperly such that it represented a legal nullity.        N.T.,

5/10/21, at 17-18. In fact, he maintained, neither the Public Defender’s Office

nor Conflicts Counsel who represented him in his direct appeal discussed the

pro se petition with him, N.T. at 18, and he claimed it was not until he inquired

sometime in May of 2020 that the Defender’s Office informed him about the

resolution of his pro se PCRA petition. No testimony was offered to refute

Appellant’s contention.

      Luzerne County Chief Public Defender Steven Greenwald testified that

the very reason he recommended the appointment of Conflicts Counsel to

represent Appellant was because Appellant had filed a pro se PCRA petition

alleging that his public defender ineffectively handled his guilty plea. Defender

Greenwald thus expected that Conflicts Counsel would represent Appellant in

both a direct appeal and a subsequent PCRA filing, and he viewed the

withdrawal of Conflicts Counsel’s representation during the direct appeal with

surprise. N.T. at 31.

      Defender Greenwald therefore explained that he had advised the Office

of Conflict Counsel at the time of its appointment that it had an obligation to

follow up with Appellant regarding his wish to pursue an ineffective assistance

claim:

                                     - 10 -
J-S41044-22

      Public Defender Greenwald:          My    first    instance     of
      attempting to protect the rights of Mr. Madejczyk as far as the
      PCRA was concerned was when I originally conflicted it out
      because of his own PCR petition. I spoke with the head of Conflict
      Counsel’s Office and asked him to follow up and make sure that
      whoever this case got assigned to was aware of a PCRA issue and
      raised the issue in a timely way.

N.T. at 28. Noting that Appellant never received counsel’s advice or assistance

with respect to filing a proper PCRA petition following direct review, Defender

Greenwald suggested Appellant had gone without representation during the

relevant timeframe. N.T. at 39.

      Under the particular circumstances of the present case, we agree with

the Chief Public Defender’s assessment that Appellant’s failure to file a timely

PCRA petition was the product of the abandonment of counsel at the end of

direct review. It is apparent from the present record that Appellant wished to

pursue an ineffectiveness claim against the Defender’s Office through a PCRA

petition, and the Chief Public Defender specifically notified the Conflicts

Counsel’s Office of this fact at the time reassignment of Appellant’s

representation was proposed. Defender Greenwald believed at this time that

Conflicts Counsel would represent Appellant in both the direct appeal and, if

still necessary, a collateral appeal under the PCRA.

      Furthermore, while we observed on direct appeal that the trial court

properly regarded Appellant’s pro se petition a legal nullity and took no action

thereon, we are constrained, nonetheless, also to observe that our

memorandum decision affirming judgment of sentence did not explicitly state

                                     - 11 -
J-S41044-22

in the most direct terms that Appellant would be required to file a new PCRA

petition raising his ineffectiveness claim once he had exhausted his direct

appeal rights.3 As such, it would not have represented a lack of due diligence

on Appellant’s part if, left to his own layperson’s interpretation of this passage

as he apparently was, he misconstrued it to mean his petition would undergo

PCRA court review only after judgment of sentence became final.4

       Concluding that the record supports Appellant’s newly-discovered fact

exception to the PCRA time bar, we deny counsel’s petition to withdraw,

vacate the order entered below, and remand to the PCRA court, where

appointed counsel shall file a first PCRA petition on Appellant’s behalf raising

and developing his claim of ineffective assistance of plea counsel along with

any other claim that counsel considers appropriate.

____________________________________________

3 As noted supra, our memorandum decision stated, ““[t]o the extent that
Appellant averred in this premature PCRA petition that his plea was unlawfully
induced by counsel, that claim is properly pursued through the PCRA after
Appellant’s judgment of sentence becomes final.           See 42 Pa.C.S. §
9543(a)(2)(iii).”

4  Of further note on Appellant’s due diligence in filing a timely PCRA petition
was Chief Public Defender Greenwald’s testimony that Appellant contacted the
Defender’s Office and inquired about his PCRA petition prior to the May 18,
2020 expiration of the PCRA’s one-year filing deadline applicable to his case.
In this respect, Defender Greenwald opined that the newly emergent Covid
pandemic was causing significant case processing delays in his office, and he
estimated that were it not for the pandemic his office would have timely filed
its motion for the appointment of Conflicts Counsel to represent Appellant in
the PCRA matter approximately 21 days earlier than its eventual June 4, 2020
filing date. N.T. at 28-30.

                                          - 12 -
J-S41044-22

      Order vacated. Petition to withdraw denied. Case remanded for further

proceedings consistent with this decision. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 12/19/2022

                                    - 13 -