Court Opinion

ID: 4151575
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-03-09 19:12:12.878483+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:03:11.546416
License: Public Domain

J-S95031-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

A.D.H.                                        :       IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                              :             PENNSYLVANIA
              v.                              :
                                              :
M.H.,                                         :
                                              :
                     Appellant                :            No. 2458 EDA 2016

                     Appeal from the Order entered July 11, 2016
                   in the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County,
                        Civil Division, No(s): A06-15-60073-C

BEFORE: STABILE, MOULTON and MUSMANNO, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.:                             FILED MARCH 09, 2017

        M.H. (“Father”) appeals from the Custody Order finding A.D.H.

(“Mother”) in contempt of the trial court’s prior interim custody Order (the

“Interim Custody Order”), and awarding Mother primary physical custody of

the parties’ four children (“Children”),1 and Father having partial physical

custody in accordance with a schedule. We vacate and remand.

         In its Opinion, the trial court set forth the factual and procedural

history underlying the instant appeal, which we adopt as though fully

restated herein. See Trial Court Opinion, 9/14/16, at 1-7.

        On appeal, Father presents the following claims for our review:

        I. Is it proper for a trial court to grant primary physical custody
        to one parent after finding the custody factors either to favor the
        other parent or weigh equally between both parents?
        Specifically, is it proper for a trial court to grant primary physical
        custody to the parent whom it found (i) alienated [Children]

1
  Mother and Father have twelve-year-old twin boys and ten-year-old twin
girls.
J-S95031-16

      from the other parent, (ii) “poisoned” the relationship between
      the other parent and [Children,] and (ii) “clearly” was in
      contempt of the Custody Order?

      II. Is it proper for a trial court to grant primary physical custody
      to one parent and award less physical custody time to the other
      parent than (i) either parent requested[,] and (ii) the custodial
      evaluator recommended, after finding that all of the custody
      factors either favor the other parent or weigh equally between
      both parents[,] and that the primary physical custodian parent
      “clearly” was in contempt of the [prior, Interim] Custody Order?

Brief for Appellant at 6. We will address Father’s claims together, as they

are related.

      Father first claims that the trial court improperly awarded primary

physical custody of Children to Mother, after finding that most of the 23

Pa.C.S.A. § 5328(a) factors weighed in Father’s favor, and the remaining

factors favored neither party.     Brief for Appellant at 30.   Father compares

the instant case to the circumstances presented in W.C.F. v. M.G., 115 A.3d
323 (Pa. Super. 2015).       In W.C.F., Father argues, this Court reversed a

trial court’s order awarding the mother primary physical custody, concluding

that the award was unreasonable in light of the court’s factual findings.

Brief for Appellant at 31.     Father contends that this Court’s decision in

W.C.F. mandates the “identical result here, given the similarities between

the facts of the two cases.” Id.

      In his second claim, Father argues that the trial court improperly

awarded him less custodial time than what was (a) awarded in the Interim

Custody Order, (b) recommended in the Court Conciliation & Evaluation

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Service (“CCES”) Report, and (c) requested by Mother.              Id. at 39.

According to Father, the trial court failed to render any findings that would

justify a reduction in Father’s custodial time. Id.

      In reviewing a trial court’s custody order,

      our scope is of the broadest type and our standard is abuse of
      discretion. We must accept findings of the trial court that are
      supported by competent evidence of record, as our role does not
      include making independent factual determinations. In addition,
      with regard to issues of credibility and weight of the evidence,
      we must defer to the presiding trial judge who viewed and
      assessed the witnesses firsthand. However, we are not bound
      by the trial court’s deductions or inferences from its factual
      findings.   Ultimately, the test is whether the trial court’s
      conclusions are unreasonable as shown by the evidence of
      record. We may reject the conclusions of the trial court only if
      they involve an error of law, or are unreasonable in light of the
      sustainable findings of the trial court.

J.M. v. M.L.G., 63 A.3d 331, 334 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation omitted).

      [O]n issues of credibility and weight of the evidence, we defer to
      the findings of the trial court, which has had the opportunity to
      observe the proceedings and demeanor of the witnesses. The
      parties cannot dictate the amount of weight the trial court places
      on evidence. Rather, the paramount concern of the trial court is
      the best interest of the child.         Appellate interference is
      unwarranted if the trial court’s consideration of the best interest
      of the child was careful and thorough, and we are unable to find
      any abuse of discretion. The test is whether the evidence of
      record supports the trial court’s conclusions.

W.C.F., 115 A.3d at 327.

      To determine the child’s best interest, the trial court must consider the

factors set forth in Section § 5328(a):

      (1) Which party is more likely to encourage and permit frequent
      and continuing contact between the child and another party.

                                  -3-
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     (2) The present and past abuse committed by a party or
     member of the party’s household, whether there is a continued
     risk of harm to the child or an abused party and which party can
     better provide adequate physical safeguards and supervision of
     the child.

     (2.1) The information set forth in section 5329.1(a) (relating to
     consideration of child abuse and involvement with protective
     services).

     (3) The parental duties performed by each party on behalf of the
     child.

     (4) The need for stability and continuity in the child’s education,
     family life and community life.

     (5) The availability of extended family.

     (6) The child’s sibling relationships.

     (7) The well-reasoned preference of the child, based on the
     child’s maturity and judgment.

     (8) The attempts of a parent to turn the child against the other
     parent, except in cases of domestic violence where reasonable
     safety measures are necessary to protect the child from harm.

     (9) Which party is more likely to maintain a loving, stable,
     consistent and nurturing relationship with the child adequate for
     the child’s emotional needs.

     (10) Which party is more likely to attend to the daily physical,
     emotional, developmental, educational and special needs of the
     child.

     (11) The proximity of the residences of the parties.

     (12) Each party’s availability to care for the child or ability to
     make appropriate child-care arrangements.

     (13) The level of conflict between the parties and the willingness
     and ability of the parties to cooperate with one another. A
     party’s effort to protect a child from abuse by another party is

                                  -4-
J-S95031-16

      not evidence of unwillingness or inability to cooperate with that
      party.

      (14) The history of drug or alcohol abuse of a party or member
      of a party’s household.

      (15) The mental and physical condition of a party or member of
      a party’s household.

      (16) Any other relevant factor.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5328(a).

      In W.C.F., the case upon which Father relies, this Court found that the

trial court had abused its discretion in granting mother primary custody,

where the trial court’s consideration of the statutory factors weighed heavily

in favor of father. W.C.F., 115 A.3d at 331. This Court concluded that the

trial court had improperly given weighted consideration to mother’s status as

primary caregiver, when the legislature did not include giving weighted

consideration to this factor in Section 5328(a). Id. at 331. Ultimately, this

Court concluded that the trial court had abused its discretion in denying

Father primary custody, “where all factors point otherwise.” Id. at 330.

      In this case, at the close of testimony, the trial court reviewed each of

the factors required by Section 5328(a), finding that all but one of the

factors weighed in favor of each parent equally, or in favor of Father:

      (1)    “Mother is not prepared emotionally, mentally, or
      psychologically to encourage continuing contact. In fact, she
      wants no contact …. Father is more likely to encourage that
      contact.” N.T., 7/11/16, at 204. The trial court found that
      Mother continued to withhold Children for visitation “in clear
      contravention of the Court Order.” Id. at 194. The trial court

                                  -5-
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     further pointed out Mother’s efforts to frustrate visitation, by
     sending one, two, three or none of Children. Id. at 193.

     (2), (2.1) “There is no abuse committed by a party.” Id. at 205.

     (3) Both parents are “equally capable” of performing parental
     duties. Id. at 205-06.

     (4), (5), (6) Father and Mother both have the support of
     extended family members. Id. at 206.

     (7) The trial court noted Children’s preference not to see Father,
     but found that the preference is “not well-reasoned. That well
     has been poisoned by [M]other.” Id. at 206.

     (8) The trial court discussed Mother’s attempts to alienate
     Children from Father. Id. at 176. Mother calls Father “a weirdo
     or something similar in front of the [C]hildren.” Id. at 194.
     Mother has told Children that Father wants to send her to jail.
     Id. at 199. The trial court stated, “It is clear to me that all four
     [C]hildren, especially [their daughter, A.], are enmeshed and
     aligned with Mother to the point where they see Father as the
     intruding enemy. Mother’s cause is their cause.” Id. at 202.

     (9), (10) The trial court found that Father wishes to co-parent,
     but Mother “won’t allow it.” Id. at 207. “Both parents can
     attend to the daily physical needs and emotional needs of
     [C]hildren.” Id.

     (11) The trial court found that Mother and Father’s residences
     are geographically close to each other. Id. at 205-06.

     (12) The court found that the parties have made, and will
     continue to make, appropriate child care arrangements. Id. at
     206-07.

     (13) The case is high-conflict, but there is no evidence that
     Father’s behavior in any way placed Children at risk. Id. at 207.
     The trial court set forth examples of Mother’s unwillingness to
     cooperate with Father, including that Mother refused to give
     Father one child’s soccer equipment, causing the child to miss
     practice. Id. at 183. Mother refused to allow Father to take
     Children to see the Harlem Globetrotters, and to a family
     member’s first communion. Id. at 183, 186. In March 2015,

                                 -6-
J-S95031-16

      “Father did not see the [C]hildren. For approximately three
      weeks[,] he was denied time with them ….” Id. at 185. Over a
      period of five months, Mother denied Father visitation 27 times.
      Id. at 193. Other times, Mother sends “one, or two, or three, or
      sometimes none of the [C]hildren. So you’re separating siblings,
      you’re empowering them ….” Id.

      (14) There is no history of drug or alcohol abuse.

      (15) The trial court acknowledged Father’s infidelity and
      pornography fixation, but found that neither impacted custody.
      Id. at 178, 180, 204, 208.

      (16) The trial court noted the recommendation, made in the
      CCES Report, that Mother should continue to have primary
      custody, as she was primary provider of care, custody and
      control over Children from the time of their birth. Id. at 200.

      Upon review, we conclude that the trial court’s Custody Order is

unreasonable in light of the above statutory findings.2        See W.C.F., 115
A.3d at 332 (recognizing that, “[w]hile prudence dictates that this Court

exercise its authority sparingly in child custody cases, we may rectify a

manifestly unreasonable custody order.”).

      Here, as in W.C.F., the trial court weighed almost all of the statutory

2
  In its Opinion, the trial court stated that it “made it clear at the July 11 th,
2016 hearing that awarding Father a lengthy period of additional custody
would cause even more turmoil in the [C]hildren’s lives, and would not be in
their best interests.”     Trial Court Opinion, 9/14/16, at 8 (citing N.T.,
7/11/16, at 41). However, our review discloses no mention of the trial
court’s statement on page 41 of the Notes of Testimony.

                                   -7-
J-S95031-16

best interest factors in favor of Father, or in favor of both parties equally.

The trial court’s resulting Custody Order (awarding Father only partial

custody on alternating weekends) was manifestly unreasonable, in light of

the court’s own assessment of the statutory factors.3      We conclude that

under these circumstances, the trial court abused its discretion in awarding

Father only partial physical custody, on alternating weekends.       The trial

court’s own findings would support an award of increased, if not shared

physical custody of Children.     Accordingly, we vacate the trial court’s

Custody Order, and remand for an order consistent with the trial court’s own

findings.

      Order vacated.      Case remanded for entry of a custody order in

accordance with this Memorandum. Superior Court jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/9/2017

3
  As in W.C.F., parental alienation was a critical issue between the parties,
and the trial court found that Mother was unlikely to promote Children’s
relationship with Father.

                                 -8-
                                                                                Circulated 02/17/2017 04:02 PM

                         IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS -'                      Ill// · .,
                         BUCKS     ~~~i ~:~~~LV                  ANIA         J.l~:llll~,fII/11
                                                                              Code:_ 5076        Judge·36
                                                                              Patricia L. Bachtle Bue .

 ---.H---
                                                                              Rcpt: Z1606790 9/14/2k0s1CS aunty Prothonotary
                                                                                                          1:13:27 PM

                                                                    No. A06-15-60073-C

    H- v.

IVllllmll
                                                                         CUSTODY

                                                               CHILDREN'S FAST TRACK
                                                                      APPEAL

                                          OPINION

       J'vb J,H ....      ("Father") appeals from this court's Order of July 11, 2016, finding
,PA~lli'••·1rt. H...._ _.("Mother") in willful contempt of our previous Custody Order. At
                     •
the hearing of July 11, 2016, we also ordered shared custody of the parties' four (4) children. The
physical custody schedule which we entered awarded Mother primary physical custody, with
Father having partial custody on the second and fourth weekends of every month from Friday at
5:00 p.m. until Sunday at 12:00 noon.

        As a part of our final Order, we denied Mother's Motion to appoint a Guardian Ad Litem
for the children.

        This appeal has been designated as a "Children's Fast Track Appeal." Therefore, this Court
is required pursuant to Pa. R.A.P. l 925(a)(2)(ii) to file an Opinion specifying the reasons for our
Order within thirty (30) days of receipt of the Notice of Appeal and the Concise Statement of
Errors Complained of on Appeal.

        The complete Notes of Testimony have not yet been transcribed, however, the Notes of
Testimony from the July 11, 2016 Order ( 41 Pages) have been transcribed and are being forwarded
with this Opinion.
                                        This Opinion is based upon our review of our contemporaneous notes from the hearings
                     and our recollection of the testimony.

                                        Litigation in this matter commenced on January 15, 2015 with Mother's Petition for
                     Custody of the parties' minor children, two sets of twins: B RN                              S (D.O.B .. l l/03/2003), C•
                     (D.O.B. 11/03/2003), AP &                              9   (10/08/2006) and AQg I   7   (D.O.B. 10/08/2006).

                                        On June 24, 2015, an agreed Interim Order was entered in this matter by the Honorable
                     James M. McMaster of this court, pending the outcome of a Court Conciliation Evaluation for the
                     parties.

                                        The Interim Order established the following:

                                        Mother and Father were to have shared legal custody of the children. Mother was awarded
                     primary physical custody and Father was to have partial physical custody. Following the Interim
                      Order, Father was to have partial custody every other weekend on Friday at 6:00 p.m. until Sunday
                      at 8:00 p.m. and Tuesday at 6:00 p.m. until Wednesday at 10:00 a.m. On alternate weeks, Father
                     was to have partial custody form Tuesday at 6:00 p.m. until Wednesday at 10:00 a.m, and dinner
                      visits on Monday and Thursday from 5:45 p.m. until 8:45 p.m. The establishment of a holiday
                      schedule was deferred until after the completion of the evaluation. See Domestic Relations Court
                      Sheet, June 24, 2015.

                                         As part of that Interim Order, both Mother and Father agreed to use "Our Family Wizard"
                      to coordinate future scheduling                             for the custody visits by the children and as a means to
                       communicate via text message or e-mail. According to the parties, the "Our Family Wizard" app
                       also will confirm that a message has been delivered and received by the other party.

                                             On September 11, 2015, Father filed a Petition for Custody Contempt.

                                             On September 24, 2015, Mother responded with an "Amended Answer to Petition for
                       Custody Contempt and Counterclaim for Contempt."

                                             On November 5, 2015, Father filed an Amended Petition for Custody Contempt.

                                                                                               2
                                                                                               42

··A   •..••   --.   ··-··---   .. -··--···        -   ••.   • •   •----··
       On November 30, 2015, Mother responded with her "Answer to Amended Petition for
Custody Contempt and Counterclaim."

       Since then, hearings were held on January 5, 2016, May 11, 2016, and most recently on
July 11, 2016.

       The following facts were summarized prior to issuing our Order following a hearing on
July 11, 2016:

        Mother and Father's      marriage came to an end upon Mother's          discovery of Father's
extramarital infidelity, as well as Father's viewing of"pornography"      on his home computer.

         . .
        J....,S
                    ~
                        testified that she worked with Father, who was her district supervisor at Best
Buy in Montgomeryville, Pennsylvania. They began a "romantic and intimate" relationship. N.T.
July 11, 2016, 27. After ending the relationship, Ms. S'tllllllk. stated that she was repeatedly harassed
by Father, and after Ms. S ...    complained to Human Resources, Father was terminated from his
employment at Best Buy. Following his termination, Father informed Ms. ~'s                 manager that
he and Ms. ~        had an affair, and that Ms. S-       had smoked marijuana six years ago.

        Father also located Ms. ~'s        father using GPS technology in an effort to continue trying
to contact Ms. S.... Ms. ~            became so fearful of Father that she purchased a gun for self-
protection. N.T. July 11, 2016, 27.

        Dr. Kenneth Maguire testified via telephone that Father does not need treatment for a
"pornography addiction," but he did recommend that Father undergo counseling to address this
 issue. Dr. Maguire's testimony was based only upon Father's "self-reporting." N.T. July 11, 2016,
 22.

         At the hearing, Father admitted his marital infidelity and also utilized the phrase "porn
 addiction" in describing his condition. He also testified that none of the four (4) children were
 ever exposed to the pornography he viewed, as his computer was "locked" with "special
 restrictions."

         In addition to Father's viewing of pornography, he also admitted that he sent a nude
 photograph to "a woman."
                                                     3
       At the hearings, it was also established that one of the children outright refuses to go on
scheduled visits with Father, alluding to her desire to commit suicide rather than visit with her
Father. N.T. July 11, 2016, 29.

       We acknowledged, however, that much of this animosity between Father and the children
has been exacerbated by Mother's words and actions. N.T. July 11, 2016, 29.

       Father provided twenty-seven (27) dates over a period of five (5) months when Mother
withheld custody of the children.   When Mother does allow Father to see the children, she will
sometimes send only one or two of the children at a time. N.T. July 11, 2016, 23. Mother also
urged this court to direct that Father's custody visits be supervised by Mother's family.        This
request was denied. N.T. July 11, 2016, 11.

       Mother moved out of the marital home in February 2015 with the children to live with
relatives. After moving, Mother contacted PECO, and directed that the electricity and heat be shut
off at the marital home, leading to a flood in the basement when a sump pump overflowed.         N.T.
July 11, 2016, 12-13.

        Father also testified that Mother, after learning of Father's extramarital infidelity, changed
the locks on the marital home without warning.

        Mother testified that she became aware of Father's fixation upon pornography and his
"taking photos of his junk." Their daughter A                   had stated that she would rather "kill
herself' than visit Father. Their other daughter,   ,11j•   •-, had also written a "poem" referring to
a girl who contemplates suicide.

        On cross-examination, Mother admitted that she told the children that Father "broke a
marital promise" and Father wanted to send Mother to jail.

        Mother testified that the custody exchanges were tense and created anxiety in the children.
 On at least one instance, Father videotaped a custody exchange, which ended with Mother
 contacting the police. N.T. July 11, 2016, 19. On the video recording, the child A!. 08$1 CA•)
 was observed sitting on the steps of Mother's apartment and refusing to accompany Father for a

                                                    4
partial custody visit on October 16, 2015. In this same video, Mother states: "I don't think she
....   wants to go ... I won't force her."

        The acrimony and hostility between the parties is so intense that they could not even agree
upon a psychotherapist for the children; e.g. Mother insisted upon a female therapist only.

        Dr. Jill Catalanotti, a psychotherapist,   also testified.   Ms. Catalanotti was aware that the
 daughter, A.. , was not attending custody visits with her Father. She also testified that all of the
 children complained that when in Father's custody, Father often failed to wake them up, resulting
 in lateness for school. They also complained that Father does not cook and only makes "peanut
 butter and jelly and cereal."

         Dr. Catalanotti suggested that the stress and tension exhibited by the children is a product
 of the stressful relationship between the parties.

         The Court Conciliation     and Evaluation        Services Report authored by Catherine Toso
 (November 4, 2015 - 27 pages) was entered into evidence as a court exhibit. After reviewing all
 of the salient issues between the parents, Ms. Toso recommended that the best interests of the four
 children would be served by awardingjoint legal custody with Mother being the primary custodian,
  and Father having "parenting time" every Tuesday and Thursday for dinner visits and alternating
  weekends.

         The evaluation by Ms. Toso also provided the following recommendations:             The father
  should receive mental health treatment and an assessment for "addiction to pornography"           and
  should receive services, if recommended.    All four children should receive mental health services
  in the form of child/family     counseling with both parents participating.        Court Conciliation
  Evaluation, November 4, 2015, 26.

         When entering our Order, we reasoned as follows:

          Mother is not prepared emotionally, mentally, or psychologically to encourage
          continuing contact. In fact, she wants no contact, and that will not happen. Father
          is more likely to encourage that contact, and we so find.

          He will foster a relationship with Mother. This Court will have to force Mother to
          have the children in a relationship with the Father.

                                                      5
         There is no abuse committed by a party. Has he emotionally abused [Mother]?
         Absolutely.   It must be a tough thing (Father's extramarital affair) to wrap
         [Mother's] hands around, but [Father] hasn't committed any abuse to the children.

         This is what it's all about. Has he ever put the children in danger? No, absolutely
         not. Does he have a pornography fixation? Yes, but it's not child pornography. If
         he's taking nude pictures of your children, bring them in. I'll make sure he doesn't
         see his kids. Until that happens, he will.

         Prior to the breakup, it appears Father was more than capable of performing
         parental duties. He still is. Both parents are equally capable.

         I've heard that there is extended family on both sides. We assume they each support
         their side of the family.

         Is there a preference with the children? Absolutely. They don't want to see the
         father, especially Ana. It's not well-reasoned. That well has been poisoned by the
         mother. She can't separate her disdain for the father form anything else. The
         children know you feel betrayed and you have painted Father with a broad brush
         that he is unfit to be a dad, and that is just not true.

         Both parents can attend to the daily physical needs and emotional needs of the
         children.

         The parties blessedly live in close proximity to each other. Both parents have strong
         support systems with their respective families. It's clear that they have, and will
         continue to make, appropriate child care arrangements.

         N.T. July 11, 2016, 35-37.

         On July 14, 2016, Father filed his Motion for Reconsideration of our July 11, 2016 custody
order.

          On July 21,     2016, this court scheduled a hearing upon Father's Motion for
Reconsideration for August 12, 2016.

          On August 9, 2016, prior to the hearing upon the Motion for Reconsideration, Father filed
this appeal.

          Because of a pre-paid vacation by counsel for Mother, on August 16, 2016 we continued
this Reconsideration Hearing until September 22, 2016. The parties also agreed to stay the appeal,
pending the outcome of the scheduled hearing upon Father's Motion to Reconsider.

                                                   6
       Nevertheless, on August 23, 2016, the Superior Court entered an Order, holding that this
court no longer has jurisdiction to hold that hearing, and emphasized that:

       The Rule requires reconsideration to be expressly granted. It is insufficient for the
       trial court to merely set a hearing date on the reconsideration motion or issue a rule
       to show cause. Indeed a failure to "expressly" grant reconsideration within the time
       set by the rules for filing an appeal will cause the trial court to lose its power to act
       on the application for reconsideration.

       A.D.H. v. M.H., No. 2458 EDA 2016, Order dated August 23, 2016.

        Father raises the following four (5) issues on appeal, verbatim:

        1. Whether the Court erred in granting Appellee primary physical custody after
            the Court found the factors to consider when awarding custody to be in
            Appellant's favor or to be equal between the parties, finding that Appellee has
            alienated children from Appellant, finding that Appellee denied Appellant the
            ability to exercise his parental rights and holding Appellee in contempt for said
            behavior.
        2. Whether the Court erred in granting Appellee primary physical custody and
             granting Appellant less time than what Appellee was asking him to receive, less
            time than the previous interim order by agreement and less time than the CCES
             evaluation recommended, after the Court found the factors to consider when
             awarding custody to be in Appellant's favor or to be equal between the parties,
             finding that Appellee has alienated the children from Appellant, finding that
             Appellee denied Appellant the ability to exercise his parental rights and holding
             Appellee in contempt for said behavior.
        3. Whether the Court erred in not holding Appellee accountable for her
             contemptuous conduct in any way whatsoever, even though the Court found her
             "clearly in contempt."
        4. Whether the Court erred in not addressing vacations or a holiday schedule in
             the Custody Order, knowing the difficulty in the parties' communication and
             the finding of Appellee's inability to effectively co-parent.
         5. Whether the Court erred by not ordering co-parent counseling or relief from the
             problem identified with respect to Appellee's inability to co-parent or even
             communicating with Appellee.

         Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal, August 8, 2016.

         It is well-established that judges are granted broad discretion in custody matters. The
 Superior Court of Pennsylvania has held that:

         "In reviewing a custody order, our scope is of the broadest type and our standard is
          [an] abuse of discretion ... Ultimately, the test is whether the trial court's

                                                    7
          conclusions are unreasonable as shown by the evidence ofrecord. We may reject
          the conclusions of the trial court only if they involve an error of law, or are
          unreasonable in light of the sustainable findings of the trial court."

MO. v. JTR., 85 A.3d, 1058, 1061 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citingV.B. v. J.E.B., 55 A.3d 1193,
1197 (Pa. Super. 2012)).

       Father's contention that the custody Order was unreasonable because we found the
enumerated factors "to be in Appellant's favor or to be equal between the parties" is unsupported
by the record. Deciding a proper custody arrangement involves more than a raw tallying of factors,
as Father would seem to suggest. It is clear that "it is within the trial court's purview as the finder
of fact to determine which factors are most salient and critical in each particular case." MJM v.
ML.G., 63 A.3d 331, 339 (Pa. Super. 2013) (appeal denied68 A.3d 909).

          Father is correct in asserting that Mother was in contempt of our prior Order. We even
 acknowledged that Father was deserving of "make-up time" because of Mother's contemptuous
 behavior, however, we made it clear at the July 111\ 2016 hearing that awarding Father a lengthy
 period of additional custody would cause even more turmoil in the children's lives, and would
 not be in their best interests. N:T., 7/11/2016, 41.

          Father also argues that the trial court erred in failing to delineate a specific holiday and
vacation schedule, given the high conflict between the parties. This is not an accurate recitation
of our Custody Order. In our Order, we awarded Father custody for all periods he is available
from 9:00 a.m. until 6:00 p.m. on all national holidays (Mondays) when the children are not in
school. We did, however, leave the parties open to establishing their own holiday schedule for
any other relevant and important holidays.

          Father's final contention is that the trial court erred in not ordering the parties to attend co-
 parent counseling sessions. This argument is without merit. Pennsylvania law is clear that "the
 court may, as part of a custody order, require the parties to attend counseling sessions."             23
 Pa.C.S.A § 5333(a) (emphasis added). Appellant fails to provide any authority that requires a
 court to order counseling session in a custody case. The plain language of the statute unmistakably
 places the imposition of counseling sessions within the discretion of the trial court in granting its
 Order.

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       We welcomed Reconsideration      in this case, and with hindsight, this Court could have
ordered make-up time or a greater partial custody schedule to Father, and we could have considered
the imposition of counsel fees against Mother. We intended to have Father's counsel address these
issues at the hearing upon the Motion for Reconsideration.

       One reason we scheduled a hearing on Father's Motion for Reconsideration        is, perhaps
through the prism of hindsight, we should have drafted an Order which provided Father with make-
up time occasioned by Mother's arbitrary withholding of custody. As noted, we were also open
to considering the imposition of counsel fees against Mother because of Mother's contempt.

       This is a high-conflict case where Mother is clearly in contempt. Mother's withholding of
custody and refusal to comply with the prior Custody Order is unconscionable.    Nevertheless, we
urge that our July 11, 2016 order be affirmed.

DATE:

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