Court Opinion

ID: 9952993
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-21 08:14:19.640754+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:45:35.325070
License: Public Domain

In The
                                  Court of Appeals
                         Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo

                                          No. 07-23-00362-CV

                          CHAUDHARI PARTNERSHIP, APPELLANT

                                                     V.

                  AHFC PECAN PARK PSH NON-PROFIT CORPORATION
                          AND CITY OF AUSTIN, APPELLEES

                              On Appeal from the 480th District Court
                                     Williamson County, Texas
                 Trial Court No. 22-0826-C368, Honorable Scott K. Field, Presiding

                                            March 19, 2024
                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION 1
              Before QUINN, C.J., and PARKER and YARBROUGH, JJ.

        Prologue

        This appeal concerns the 1) acquisition of a hotel, 2) its conversion into housing

for the homeless, 3) a restrictive covenant and plat notes allegedly barring use of the

realty for residential purposes, 4) duplicate suits for declaratory relief, 5) intervention, 6)

        1 Because this matter was transferred from the Third Court of Appeals, we apply its precedent when

it conflicts with that of the Seventh Court of Appeals. TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3.
a plea to the jurisdiction founded on governmental immunity, and 7) dismissal based on

the plea to the jurisdiction. Those acquiring the hotel and pursuing the housing project

were the City of Austin and AHFC Pecan Park PSH Non-Profit Corporation (Austin).

Those initiating duplicate suits were Chaudhari Partnership (an entity purportedly owning

realty adjacent to the hotel) and Dee Hobbs, in his official capacity as Williamson County

Attorney. The Partnership sued first. Yet, upon discovering that Hobbs filed a separate

proceeding against Austin alleging like claims, the Partnership intervened in that

proceeding and nonsuited “with prejudice” the action it initiated.

       During the interim, Austin invoked governmental immunity and filed its plea to the

jurisdiction of the trial court. The trial court convened a joint hearing to consider both the

jurisdictional plea and motion for summary judgment filed by Hobbs and the Partnership.

It granted the jurisdictional plea and dismissed the suit with prejudice.           Only the

Partnership appealed. The sole issue before us is whether the trial court erred in granting

the jurisdictional plea. We affirm.

       Discussion

       The aforementioned hearing was bifurcated. The trial court first heard arguments

regarding the plea to the jurisdiction. Austin began by voicing several reasons the plea

should be granted. One consisted of the Partnership’s failure to aver a claim after

intervening into the Hobbs’ action. According to Austin, the partnership’s “live pleading

doesn’t assert any causes of action against anyone. It is a plea in the intervention that

simply says they have an interest in the litigation that Hobbs has filed. They don’t assert

any specific claim for relief in that pleading, and they don’t assert any specific causes of

action.”

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       Another potential ground concerned the effect of the Partnership’s earlier nonsuit

with prejudice of its own action. The trial court broached the topic with counsel for the

Partnership while entertaining argument on the plea to the jurisdiction.

       Ultimately, the trial court granted the plea to the jurisdiction and withheld ruling on

the motions for summary judgment. Furthermore, its ensuing order dismissing the cause

failed to specify the particular ground upon which it acted. The trial court’s withholding

mention of the ground upon which it acted affected the Partnership’s burden on appeal.

Simply put, the duty fell upon the latter to negate the viability of each potential ground.

See Carter v. Dallas City Plan Comm’n, No. 05-20-00190-CV, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS

1469, at *7-8 (Tex. App.—Dallas Mar. 1, 2021, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (involving a plea

to the jurisdiction and concluding that “[b]ecause appellants have not challenged each

independent, standalone ground on which the dismissal of their claims could properly

have been based, we will affirm”). In urging us to reverse the trial court’s decision, the

Partnership failed to address the ground implicating the failure to aver a cause of action.

That alone warrants affirmance of the dismissal, per Carter.

       Nor did it discuss the impact of dismissing with prejudice its earlier suit. Though

one may suggest the topic was actually a component of the motion for summary

judgment, we reiterate that the trial court broached the issue when discussing the plea to

the jurisdiction. It may have done so for a simple reason. Stating a facially valid cause

of action is a component to defeating a claim of immunity. See Klumb v. Houston Mun.

Emps. Pension Sys., 458 S.W.3d 1, 13 (Tex. 2015) (holding that “immunity from suit is

not waived if the constitutional claims are facially invalid”); Nelson v. True Texas Project,

No. 07-23-00031-CV, ___ S.W.3d ___, ___, 2024 Tex. App. LEXIS 555, at *11-12 (Tex.

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App.—Amarillo Jan. 25, 2024, no pet.) (noting same); see also City of Crowley v. Ray,

558 S.W.3d 335, 346 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2018, pet. denied) (stating that

“[g]overnmental immunity is not waived when a plaintiff fails to allege a valid inverse-

condemnation claim”). This becomes of import when one realizes that a nonsuit with

prejudice effectively adjudicates the proceeding on the merits in a way adverse to the

nonsuiting party. See Epps v. Fowler, 351 S.W.3d 862, 868-69 (Tex. 2011) (stating that

a dismissal or nonsuit with prejudice is tantamount to a judgment on the merits working a

permanent, inalterable change in the parties’ legal relationship to the defendant’s benefit,

and the defendant can never again be sued by the plaintiff for claims arising out of the

same subject matter).

       That the Partnership’s initial suit concerned the same subject matter as that of

Hobbs cannot be doubted. Indeed, it acknowledged as much when representing to the

trial court that the two proceedings had “significantly overlapping parties, issues and

claims . . . .” Again, those issues and claims related to the impropriety of the housing

project given restrictive covenants prohibiting residential use of the lands involved. Nor

can it be denied that that the Partnership’s claims were dismissed with prejudice due to

the nonsuit with prejudice. Thus, per Epps, Austin could never again be sued by the

Partnership for claims encompassed within the dismissed proceeding. Austin never again

being subject to suit means the Partnership lacked a facially valid cause of action with

which to defeat governmental immunity. That too requires affirmance.

       We further note that the lynchpin of the Partnership’s argument on appeal is the

alleged proprietary nature of Austin’s desire to house the homeless. Being proprietary,

the effort supposedly falls outside the shield of immunity. While it may be that proprietary

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endeavors by a governmental entity may not benefit from immunity, see Wasson

Interests, Ltd. v. City of Jacksonville, 489 S.W.3d 427, 436-37 (Tex. 2016) (stating as

much), others have characterized the provision of public housing a governmental

function. See Moore v. Lorain Metro. Hous. Auth., 905 N.E.2d 606, 607 (Ohio 2009)

(holding that the operation of a public housing authority providing public housing is a

governmental function); Evans v. Hous. Auth., 602 S.E.2d 668, 672 (N.C. 2004) (holding

the same); see also Bullard v. Inkster Hous. & Redevelopment Comm’n, No. 265095,

2007 Mich. App. LEXIS 763, at *8-9 (Mich. Ct. App. 2007) (per curium) (same); accord

Collin Cent. Appraisal Dist. v. Garland Hous. Fin. Corp., No. 05-19-01417-CV, 2021 Tex.

App. LEXIS 1260, at *7 (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 22, 2021, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (noting

that nonprofits created by local governments to provide a means of residential ownership

and development perform essential governmental functions on behalf of and for the

general public, local government, and Texas). We see no reason to disagree at this

juncture.

       The sole issue of Chaudhari Partnership is overruled, and we affirm the trial court’s

order of dismissal with prejudice.

                                                        Brian Quinn
                                                        Chief Justice

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