Court Opinion

ID: 4466107
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-12-19 22:01:09.266072+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:53:44.079924
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                           DEC 19 2019
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

BANJOSA HOSPITALITY, LLC, a                      No. 18-35905
Montana limited liability company,
                                                 D.C. No. 1:17-cv-00152-TJC
              Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.                                              MEMORANDUM*

HISCOX, INC.,

              Defendant-Appellee.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Montana
                   Timothy J. Cavan, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

                          Submitted December 12, 2019**
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: GRABER and BERZON, Circuit Judges, and EZRA,*** District Judge.

      Plaintiff Banjosa Hospitality, LLC, timely appeals the district court’s grant

of summary judgment for Defendant Hiscox, Inc., in this diversity action raising

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable David A. Ezra, United States District Judge for the
District of Hawaii, sitting by designation.
claims concerning Montana insurance law. Reviewing de novo, Davis v. Guam,

932 F.3d 822, 829 (9th Cir. 2019), we affirm.

      1. The district court correctly held that the insured did not report the claim

within the time allowed by the claims-made-and-reported insurance policy.

Because the question of coverage "is readily determined from the insurance policy

in question and does not challenge or depend on the veracity of the allegations in

the underlying complaint," we must assess coverage. Emp’rs Mut. Cas. Co. v.

Estate of Buckles, 443 P.3d 534, 538 (Mont. 2019). For that reason, the Montana

Supreme Court’s decision in Tidyman’s Mgmt. Serv., Inc. v. Davis, 330 P.3d 1139

(Mont. 2014), does not require a different approach.

      The insured reported the claim to Hiscox in May 2014 but the reporting

condition clearly required reporting no later than January 2014; accordingly, the

insured reported the claim too late. The reporting condition is clear: It required

that the insured report the claim by a certain time from when "a Claim is first made

against any Insured." (Emphasis added.) If, as Banjosa asserts, the claim was first

made in emails in 2013, then the reporting of the claim was too late, because the

reporting deadline was January 2014 at the latest.

      In the alternative, if the claim was first made when the pertinent complaint

was filed in 2014, then the policy did not cover the claim because it was not

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"made," as clearly required by the policy, within the policy period, and the

reporting requirement has no relevance. The policy defines a "claim" as, in

relevant part, "any notice received by the Insured of a demand for Damages or for

non-monetary relief." The two emails cited by Banjosa threaten possible future

legal action against the insured (or third parties), but the emails do not contain a

present demand against the insured for damages or non-monetary relief. Under

this alternative approach, because the claim was not made until 2014 and the policy

period expired in 2013, the claim was made too late, so there was no coverage.

      Either way, the policy clearly excludes coverage.

      2. The "notice-prejudice" rule announced in Estate of Gleason v. Cent.

United Life Ins. Co., 350 P.3d 349 (Mont. 2015), and Atlantic Cas. Ins. Co. v.

Greytak, 350 P.3d 63 (Mont. 2015), does not apply to claims-made-and-reported

policies. See, e.g., Safeco Title Ins. Co. v. Gannon, 774 P.2d 30, 33–36 (Wash. Ct.

App. 1989) (persuasively explaining why the notice-prejudice rule does not apply

to claims-made-and-reported policies under Washington law). Banjosa has not

pointed to a single jurisdiction that has applied the rule to claims-made-and-

reported policies and, "[n]ationwide," other jurisdictions "uniform[ly]" have

rejected the argument. Sherwood Brands, Inc. v. Great Am. Ins. Co., 13 A.3d
1268, 1283 (Ct. App. Md. 2011); e.g., Pac. Emp’rs Ins. Co. v. Superior Ct, 270

                                           3
Cal. Rptr. 779, 784 (Ct. App. 1990); Gannon, 774 P.2d at 33–36; Anderson v. Aul,

862 N.W.2d 304, 317 (Wisc. 2015). We see nothing in Montana law suggesting

that the Montana Supreme Court would reach the opposite conclusion.

      3. The insured’s reasonable expectations do not require coverage here.

"[T]he reasonable expectations doctrine is inapplicable where the terms of the

policy at issue clearly demonstrate an intent to exclude coverage." Fisher ex rel.

McCartney v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 305 P.3d 861, 867 (Mont. 2013)

(citation omitted). The insured could not reasonably have expected coverage under

a claims-made-and-reported policy for a claim that was neither made nor reported

in time.

      AFFIRMED.

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