Court Opinion

ID: 9925959
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-01-23 16:02:34.268285+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:21:54.545072
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                           FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT

No. 22-1269                                                  September Term, 2023
                                                             FILED ON: JANUARY 23, 2024

GEOFFREY ORLANDI,
                      PETITIONER

v.

BILLY NOLEN, ACTING ADMINISTRATOR, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION,
                   RESPONDENT

                               On Petition for Review of an Order
                             of the Federal Aviation Administration

       Before: PILLARD and GARCIA, Circuit Judges, and GINSBURG, Senior Circuit Judge

                                       JUDGMENT

        This appeal was considered on the record from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
and on the briefs of the parties. See D.C. Cir. R. 34(j). The Court has accorded the issues full
consideration and has determined that they do not warrant a published opinion. See D.C. Cir. R.
36(d). It is hereby

       ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that the petition for review be DENIED.

        Petitioner Geoffrey Orlandi challenges the FAA’s decision to rescind its authorization of
Orlandi as a Designated Pilot Examiner. As a Pilot Examiner, Orlandi acted on behalf of the FAA
to arrange and conduct practical testing of applicants for FAA pilot licenses. Orlandi maintained
a policy of collecting non-refundable fees from applicants before determining whether they were
eligible to proceed with the practical test. For example, in January 2022, Orlandi collected about
$800 in fees from an applicant on his scheduled practical test date before determining that the
applicant had inadequate logged flight experience so was ineligible to proceed with the test.
Orlandi refused to refund the fees or credit them toward a rescheduled test, offering only to
discount a second fee to conduct the test on a rescheduled date.

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        That applicant’s instructor complained to an FAA hotline. The FAA investigated Orlandi’s
fee practices, determined that his policy of collecting nonrefundable fees before verifying
applicants’ test eligibility violated agency guidance, and rescinded his Pilot Examiner designation.
The FAA’s rescission notice also cited Orlandi’s inability to work constructively with the agency,
explaining that “during several hours[’] worth of phone calls,” he was “argumentative and
unreceptive” to his supervisors’ suggestion that he evaluate each applicant’s eligibility before the
day of the test. An agency appeals board upheld the decision.

        We lack jurisdiction over Orlandi’s claim that the rescission of his delegation was an abuse
of discretion. Pursuant to 49 U.S.C. § 44702(d)(2), the FAA “may rescind a delegation . . . at any
time for any reason the Administrator considers appropriate.” We have interpreted the broad terms
of that provision as committing to the FAA’s unreviewable discretion the substantive bases for
rescinding delegations. Sheble v. Huerta, 755 F.3d 954, 957 (D.C. Cir. 2014) (citing Steenholdt v.
F.A.A., 314 F.3d 633, 638 (D.C. Cir. 2003)).

         Orlandi’s claims that the FAA violated its internal procedural requirements in rescinding
his delegation fare no better. We retain authority to review the FAA’s compliance with its own
procedural requirements, Accardi v. Shaughnessy, 347 U.S. 260 (1954), and remand to the agency
where an affected examiner shows “that the FAA ‘fell substantially short’ of the applicable
procedural requirements, ‘resulting in prejudice to him.’” Sheble, 755 F.3d at 957 (quoting Lopez
v. F.A.A., 318 F.3d 242, 248 (D.C. Cir. 2003)). Orlandi identifies what he contends are four
material flaws in the FAA’s compliance with its procedures: (1) he was denied a meeting with the
managing specialists investigating his conduct; (2) the FAA’s stated concerns shifted between the
initiation of the investigation and rescission of his Pilot Examiner designation; (3) the FAA appeals
board failed to consider his entire file and document its deliberations; and (4) his supervisors fell
short of their duty to oversee him.

       None of those assertions supports relief.

        First, Orlandi was not entitled to a meeting with the managing specialists conducting his
investigation. The manager’s noncommittal email in response to Orlandi’s request for an in-person
meeting—offering to “contact [him] mid next week to arrange a Zoom meeting for possibly the
following week,” FAA Email to Orlandi (J.A. 74)—is a far cry from the internal agency regulations
or binding policies to which courts hold agencies accountable under Accardi, 347 U.S. 260. See
Steenholdt, 314 F.3d at 638 (quoting Padula v. Webster, 822 F.2d 97, 100 (D.C. Cir. 1987)).

       Second, no FAA rule prevents the agency from clarifying its reasons for the recission of a
delegation over the course of an investigation. Under the relevant procedural rules, the agency
need only document the recission action and “include the specific reason(s),” as it did here. See
Designee Management Policy, FAA Order 8000.95B, ch. 9, ¶ 4.a.1. (April 12, 2022) (J.A. 122).

       Third, Orlandi is correct that the FAA appeals board was required to consider his full
designee file and to document its decision, see id. at ch. 11, ¶ 4.a. & c. (“Review File” and
“Document Outcomes”) (J.A. 128), but he failed to demonstrate that the appeals board fell short

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of those duties. The board indicated that it reviewed Orlandi’s record. His arguments to the
contrary are entirely speculative. As to the agency’s documentation of its decision, even assuming
this procedural requirement calls for a more detailed description, Orlandi has not demonstrated
that he suffered any resulting prejudice. That is especially so given our lack of authority to review
the substantive grounds of the FAA’s decision.

         Fourth, Orlandi argues that the FAA violated its own procedures by poorly supervising
him. Managers must “monitor [designees] to ensure that they continue to meet the requirements
of their designations,” including by “determin[ing] the designee’s compliance with regulatory
requirements.” See Designee Management Policy, FAA Order 8000.95A, ch. 6, ¶ 2.b. (December
7, 2020) (J.A. 133). Orlandi urges that the FAA failed to meet this standard because his supervisors
did not inform him during their earlier observations of his examinations that his fee policy was
inappropriate. Orlandi’s contention is not just that he had the right to oversight before recission—
as the rule requires, and which he received—but to oversight that notified him of any potentially
actionable deficiencies in his performance. That is not a rule the FAA has promulgated. Indeed,
it runs counter to the agency’s broad statutory authority, reiterated in its regulations, to rescind
designations “at any time for any reason.” 49 U.S.C. § 44702(d)(2); FAA Order 8000.95B at ch.
9, ¶ 4 (J.A. 122). If a designee could only lose his delegation after he was given an opportunity to
correct his misconduct, the FAA would not be able to rescind a delegation “at any time.”

       For the foregoing reasons, we deny Orlandi’s petition for review.

        Pursuant to D.C. Circuit Rule 36, this disposition will not be published. The Clerk is
directed to withhold issuance of the mandate until seven days after resolution of any timely petition
for rehearing or rehearing en banc. See Fed. R. App. P. 41(b); D.C. Cir. R. 41(b).

                                           Per Curiam

                                                              FOR THE COURT:
                                                              Mark J. Langer, Clerk

                                                      BY:    /s/
                                                             Daniel J. Reidy
                                                             Deputy Clerk

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