Court Opinion

ID: 2767314
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-01-07 17:06:57.43834+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:27:31.108923
License: Public Domain

1      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

 2 Opinion Number: ___________

 3 Filing Date: January 6, 2014

 4 NO. 32,510

 5 LEA COUNTY STATE BANK,

 6        Plaintiff-Appellee,

 7 v.

 8   MARKUM RANCH PARTNERSHIP,
 9   a New Mexico General Partnership, BURRELL
10   MARKUM and ELIZABETH MARKUM,
11   husband and wife, individually and as
12   general partners to Markum Ranch and,
13   BRANDON MARKUM, individually and as
14   general partner to Markum Ranch, and
15   KATHRYN YATER f/k/a KATHRYN MARKUM,

16        Defendants-Appellants.

17 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF LEA COUNTY
18 Mark T. Sanchez, District Judge

19   Arland & Associates, LLC
20   William J. Arland III
21   Aletheia V.P. Allen
22   Albuquerque, NM

23 for Appellee
1 Tucker Law Firm, P.C.
2 Steven L. Tucker
3 Santa Fe, NM

4 Templeman & Crutchfield
5 James E. Templeman
6 Lovington, NM

7 for Appellants
 1                                       OPINION

 2 GARCIA, Judge.

 3   {1}   This case involves three separate promissory notes between Lea County State

 4 Bank (the Bank) and the Markum Ranch Partnership (the Ranch) and its three

 5 partners, Burrell Markum (Burrell), Elizabeth Markum (Elizabeth), Brandon Markum

 6 (Brandon), as well as one non-partner guarantor, Kathryn Markum (Kathryn)

 7 (collectively, Appellants). Appellants appeal the district court’s order granting

 8 summary judgment in favor of the Bank. Appellants no longer dispute the Bank’s

 9 ability to enforce one of the promissory notes. They argue that the statute of

10 limitations barred the Bank’s claims against them regarding the remaining two

11 promissory notes. The Bank argues that the statute of limitations for its claims against

12 Appellants was revived when the Ranch sold its real property in 2006 and 2008 and

13 paid the proceeds of those sales to the Bank. We conclude that the 2006 and 2008

14 payments revived the Bank’s claims against the Ranch and its three partners,

15 therefore, we affirm the summary judgment in that respect. We further conclude that

16 the 2006 and 2008 payments did not automatically revive the Bank’s claims against

17 Kathryn, therefore we reverse the summary judgment against Kathryn regarding the

18 two disputed promissory notes and remand this matter to the district court for further

19 proceedings regarding Kathryn’s personal guaranty.
 1 I.      BACKGROUND

 2   {2}   The district court granted summary judgment in favor of the Bank. The actual

 3 basis for the district court’s decision and ruling was not clearly stated. However, the

 4 facts relevant to the primary issue on appeal–the statute of limitations–are not

 5 disputed by the parties. In August 1999, Burrell, Elizabeth, and Brandon—but not

 6 Kathryn—agreed to be general partners in the Ranch. In September 1999, the Ranch

 7 signed a promissory note so that it could borrow $325,000 from the Bank. About a

 8 month later, the Ranch signed a second promissory note to borrow another $200,000

 9 from the Bank. And in May 2000, the Ranch signed a third promissory note for a

10 $650,000 line of credit from the Bank. We refer to these three notes individually as

11 the $325,000 note, the $200,000 note, and the $650,000 note. These three notes were

12 secured by a mortgage on the Ranch’s real property and guaranties that were signed

13 by Burrell, Elizabeth, Brandon, and Kathryn.

14   {3}   The Ranch defaulted on all three notes. The parties agree that the statute of

15 limitations started to run on the Bank’s claim to enforce the $200,000 note when it

16 matured in 2004 and Appellants had not paid it off. They agree that the statute of

17 limitations on the Bank’s claim to enforce the $650,000 note started when that note

18 matured in 2001. Appellants now concede that the Bank’s claim on the $325,000 note

19 is not barred by the statute of limitations because that note was not scheduled to

                                              2
 1 mature until 2014. Therefore, they do not appeal the summary judgment ruling as it

 2 pertains to the $325,000 note.

 3   {4}    In October 2006, the Ranch sold part of its real property. Burrell, on behalf of

 4 the Ranch, signed a settlement statement when the sale closed. This settlement

 5 statement showed that the net proceeds of the sale—about $80,000—were to be paid

 6 to the Bank. In May 2008, the Ranch sold the rest of its real property. Burrell,

 7 Elizabeth, and Brandon signed the settlement statement on behalf of the Ranch at that

 8 sale’s closing, and the net proceeds—about $382,680—were to be paid to the Bank.

 9 After both of these sales, the Bank distributed the net proceeds among all three of the

10 debts. The Bank filed this lawsuit in 2011 to collect the remaining balance of the

11 debts.

12   {5}    The following chart summarizes the time-line for these events.

13           Year                  Event
14           1999                  Burrell, Elizabeth, and Brandon become
                                   partners in the Ranch
15           1999-2000             The Ranch signs the $325,000, $200,000,
                                   and $650,000 notes, all of which are secured
                                   by a mortgage on the Ranch’s real property
                                   and guaranties signed by Burrell, Elizabeth,
                                   Brandon, and Kathryn

                                               3
 1         2001                   The $650,000 note matures, Appellants are
                                  in default, and the six-year statute of
                                  limitations starts to run on the Bank’s right
                                  to enforce this note
 2         2004                   The $200,000 note matures, Appellants are
                                  in default, and the six-year statute of
                                  limitations starts to run on the Bank’s right
                                  to enforce this note
 3         2006                   The Ranch sells some of its real property;
                                  Burrell signs the settlement statement on
                                  behalf of the Ranch showing that the net sale
                                  proceeds will be paid to the Bank and the
                                  Bank applies the proceeds to the balances on
                                  all three notes
 4         2008                   The Ranch sells the rest of its real property;
                                  Burrell, Brandon, and Elizabeth sign the
                                  settlement statement on behalf of the Ranch
                                  showing that the net sale proceeds will be
                                  paid to the Bank and the Bank applies the
                                  proceeds to the balances on all three notes
 5         2011                   The Bank files this lawsuit against the
                                  Appellants to collect the remaining balance
                                  of debts on all three notes

 6   {6}   Both the Bank and Appellants moved for summary judgment. Appellants

 7 contended that the statute of limitations had run on the Bank’s claims. During a

 8 hearing on these motions, the district court discussed the statute of limitations issue,

 9 and it asked the parties to file supplemental briefs addressing certain issues of law

10 in this regard that were not adequately addressed in the parties’ summary judgment

11 motions. The district court eventually entered an order granting summary judgment

                                              4
 1 in favor of the Bank but did not explain the basis for its decision in that order.

 2 Thereafter, the district court signed a final judgment prepared by the Bank’s counsel.

 3 The district court’s judgment included detailed findings regarding factual issues that

 4 had been disputed during the summary judgment proceedings, and it contained no

 5 mention of the statute of limitations issue. Unfortunately, this ruling created

 6 complications for the parties and this Court on appeal.

 7   {7}   The pertinent issues in this appeal are: (1) whether the Ranch’s partial

 8 payments to the Bank from the 2006 and 2008 sales of the Ranch’s real property re-

 9 started the statute of limitations on the Bank’s claims against the Ranch, and (2)

10 whether the 2006 and 2008 payments also revived the statute of limitations on the

11 Bank’s right to enforce Kathryn’s guaranty.

12   {8}   Appellants also raised several alternative issues on appeal. These issues include

13 whether oral statements allegedly made by Burrell to the Bank created a disputed

14 factual issue as to the Bank’s equitable estoppel claim, whether Appellants’

15 admissions of certain facts in discovery constituted a written acknowledgment of the

16 debts under the revival statute, and whether a payment made by Brandon in 2009

17 revived the statute of limitations as to the $650,000 note. Based upon the undisputed

18 facts, this Court can still partially affirm the summary judgment ruling in favor of the

19 Bank. Because the 2006 and 2008 payments from the net proceeds received from the

                                               5
 1 sale of the Ranch’s real property revived the statute of limitations against the Ranch

 2 and its three partners, summary judgment against the Ranch and its three partners can

 3 be affirmed. As a result, it is not necessary to address the alternative issues because

 4 they would not change the outcome on appeal.

 5 II.     DISCUSSION

 6 A.      Standard of Review

 7   {9}   We review a district court’s order granting summary judgment de novo. Juneau

 8 v. Intel Corp., 2006-NMSC-002, ¶ 8, 139 N.M. 12, 127 P.3d 548. “Summary

 9 judgment is appropriate where there are no genuine issues of material fact and the

10 movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Joslin v. Gregory, 2003-NMCA-

11 133, ¶ 6, 134 N.M. 527, 80 P.3d 464 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

12 Where “the facts underlying the application of the statute of limitations and the

13 revival statute are undisputed, we review [a] partial payment issue as a pure question

14 of law.” Id. We review issues of statutory interpretation de novo. Little v. Jacobs,

15 2014-NMCA-105, ¶ 7, 336 P.3d 398. And “when determining the meaning of a

16 statute, courts will often construe the language in light of the preexisting common

17 law.” Sims v. Sims, 1996-NMSC-078, ¶ 23, 122 N.M. 618, 930 P.2d 153 (“The

18 common law fills in gaps not addressed by a statute.”).

                                              6
 1 B.       The Final Judgment

 2   {10}   In their briefs, both Appellants and the Bank discuss the content of the final

 3 judgment entered by the district court. Appellants argue that the judgment’s findings

 4 contain disputed facts, along with its lack of any legal conclusions about the statute

 5 of limitations or the voluntariness of the 2006 and 2008 payments, establish that the

 6 district court improperly granted summary judgment. The Bank argues that

 7 Appellants cannot challenge the content of the final judgment on appeal after they

 8 have approved it in the district court. We note that the district court directed the

 9 Bank’s counsel to “prepare the form of judgment consistent with [its summary

10 judgment] order . . . and propose it to [Appellants’] counsel . . . for approval as to

11 form[.]” Thus, we are not persuaded by the Bank’s argument that Appellants are

12 bound by factual findings that the Bank’s counsel included in the judgment that are

13 inconsistent with the order’s conclusion that “there is no genuine issue as to any

14 material fact[.]” We agree with Appellants that it is difficult to reconcile why the

15 district court would enter an order granting summary judgment that makes no legal

16 conclusions, and then enter a final judgment that contains findings about disputed

17 factual issues and omits the core issue raised during the summary judgment

18 proceedings—whether the statute of limitations had run on the Bank’s claims.

19 However, we need not further address the content of the summary judgment order and

                                               7
 1 the final judgment because we review the district court’s decision to grant summary

 2 judgment de novo, and the disputed facts that Appellants point to in the judgment are

 3 not material to our resolution of the case. See Juneau, 2006-NMSC-002, ¶ 8; Scott v.

 4 Murphy Corp., 1968-NMSC-185, ¶ 10, 79 N.M. 697, 448 P.2d 803 (stating that the

 5 reason for a trial court’s decision on a matter of law—in [that] case, a directed

 6 verdict—is immaterial because “[i]t is hornbook law that the decision of a trial court

 7 will be upheld if it is right for any reason”).

 8 C.       Revival of the Statute of Limitations by Partial Payment

 9   {11}   The applicable statute of limitations on actions involving promissory notes is

10 six years. NMSA 1978, § 37-1-3(A) (1975). One way to revive an action on a contract

11 and extend the statute of limitations is “by the making of any partial . . . payment” on

12 the contract. See NMSA 1978, § 37-1-16 (1957). When a debt is revived, the statute

13 of limitations starts anew. See § 37-1-16 (stating that “[s]uch a cause of action shall

14 be deemed to have accrued upon the date of such partial . . . payment”); Corona v.

15 Corona, 2014-NMCA-071, ¶ 12, 329 P.3d 701 (recognizing that revival causes the

16 statute of limitations clock to “run[] anew”). Although the term “revival” suggests

17 that the thing being revived has “expired[,]” see Black’s Law Dictionary 1515 (10th

18 ed. 2014), our case law and other legal authorities are clear that “revival” works to

                                               8
 1 restart1 the running of the statute of limitations before, as well as after, the statute of

 2 limitations has expired. See Davis v. Savage, 1946-NMSC-011, ¶ 28, 50 N.M. 30, 168

 3 P.2d 851 (“In considering the revival of causes of action upon the indebtedness by

 4 acknowledgment that the debt is unpaid, . . . it is generally regarded as immaterial

 5 whether the acknowledgment precedes or follows the bar.”); Romero v. Hopewell,

 6 1922-NMSC-037, ¶ 26, 28 N.M. 259, 210 P. 231 (stating that New Mexico’s revival

 7 statute “applies . . . to admissions or new promises made before the debt becomes

 8 barred as [well as] to those made afterwards”); 51 Am. Jur. 2d Limitation of Actions

 9 § 320 (2011) (“Except in jurisdictions in which a statute requires a part[ial] payment

10 to be made before the cause of action is barred to toll the statute of limitations, the

11 limitation period may be started anew by a part[ial] payment made either before or

12 after the original obligation has become barred.” (footnote omitted)). However, for

13 a partial payment to revive an action, the partial payment must be voluntary. Joslin,

14 2003-NMCA-133, ¶ 19 (“[O]nly voluntary payments can trigger the revival statute

15 because only voluntary payments represent the debtor’s acknowledgment of the debt

16 giving rise to a new promise.”).

          1
17          Other similar terms for “revival” such as “renew,” “restart,” and “tolling”
18 are utilized by the various authorities cited throughout this case. We have limited
19 the use of these similar terms as much as possible.

                                                9
 1 1.       The Burden of Proof

 2   {12}   Appellants argue that the Bank failed to meet its burden to make a prima facie

 3 showing that the statute of limitations was revived because it did not mention the

 4 statute of limitations or revival of actions in its initial motion for summary judgment.

 5 Appellants seem to argue that, because they raised the statute of limitations as an

 6 affirmative defense in their answer to the complaint, the Bank was required to address

 7 the defense in its motion for summary judgment, and, because it did not, the order

 8 granting summary judgment in favor of the Bank should be reversed. Although we

 9 agree with Appellants that the Bank should have addressed the statute of limitations

10 defense in its motion for summary judgment, we recognize that the statute of

11 limitations and revival issues were thoroughly addressed during the course of the

12 summary judgment proceedings. Appellants raised the defense in their response to the

13 Bank’s motion, the Bank addressed the defense in its reply, the district court

14 requested supplemental briefing on the issue, and the parties filed supplemental briefs

15 on the issue before a ruling was entered. Under these circumstances, we conclude that

16 the Bank met its burden to address all of the undisputed factual issues required for

17 this Court to issue a de novo ruling on the Bank’s summary judgment motion.

                                              10
 1 2.       Voluntariness of the Payments

 2   {13}   The Bank submitted a sworn affidavit of its president during the summary

 3 judgment proceedings, which stated that “[Appellants] requested that [the Bank]

 4 permit [Appellants] to make the deal resulting in the 2006 [and 2008] [p]ayment[s.]”

 5 Appellants did not dispute this fact during the summary judgment proceedings.

 6 Appellants submitted the settlement statements for the 2006 and 2008 sales approved

 7 by the Ranch, showing that the net proceeds from each sale were to be paid to the

 8 Bank. Appellants did not dispute that the Ranch approved these settlement

 9 statements. Appellants did not dispute that the Ranch intended and directed the

10 proceeds from 2006 and 2008 sales be paid to the Bank. Appellants did not present

11 any evidence to create an inference that its actions regarding the payments to the

12 Bank in 2006 and 2008 were not voluntary. Under these circumstances, we conclude

13 that, as a matter of law, the 2006 and 2008 payments to the Bank from the proceeds

14 of the sales of the Ranch’s real property were voluntary partial payments by the

15 Ranch.

16   {14}   We are not persuaded by Appellants contention that the payments made from

17 the 2006 and 2008 sales were involuntary because they were made through “the sale

18 of property.” In support of this argument, Appellants cite a statement made by this

19 Court in Joslin:

                                            11
 1                 The general requirement that a partial payment must be voluntary
 2          to revive a debt gives rise to the rule that partial payments made on a
 3          debt through the sale of property, execution or other legal process, or
 4          through the application of the proceeds of a sale of property after
 5          foreclosure, are involuntary and consequently do not constitute partial
 6          payments that would restart the statute of limitations.

 7 2003-NMCA-133, ¶ 16 (emphasis added).

 8   {15}   To the extent Appellants argue that all partial payments made on a debt after

 9 a debtor effectuates the sale of secured property must be recognized as involuntary,

10 they misconstrue Joslin. See id. ¶¶ 16-17 (noting that the quoted statement was part

11 of the “backdrop” that involved the sale of property after foreclosure and whether the

12 resulting partial payments required after foreclosure must be recognized as

13 voluntary); see also State v. Erickson K., 2002-NMCA-058, ¶ 20, 132 N.M. 258, 46

14 P.3d 1258 (“It is well established that cases are not authority for propositions not

15 considered.” (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)). Further, the authority

16 cited in Joslin does not support Appellants’ interpretation. See 2003-NMCA-133, ¶

17 16 (citing 51 Am. Jur. 2d Limitation of Actions § 349 (2003)); see also 51 Am. Jur.

18 2d Limitation of Actions § 328 (2011) (“A payment made on a debt by the sale of

19 property on execution or other legal process . . . does not stop the running of the

20 statute. Similarly, a payment is not voluntary and does not restart the statute of

21 limitations if it is made through the application of the proceeds of a sale of property

22 after the foreclosure of a trust deed or mortgage or repossession of personal

                                              12
 1 property.” (emphasis added)); United States v. Lorince, 773 F. Supp. 1082, 1086

 2 (N.D. Ill. 1991) (dealing with collateral that was sold at auction by the creditor, not

 3 the debtor); Zaks v. Elliott, 106 F.2d 425, 426 (4th Cir. 1939) (involving collateral

 4 that was sold by the creditor, not the debtor). Because Appellants do not cite any

 5 authority to support their proposition that a payment made through the debtor’s own

 6 sale of his or her collateral is deemed to be involuntary, we presume that none exists

 7 under these circumstances. See McNeill v. Rice Eng’g & Operating, Inc., 2010-

 8 NMSC-015, ¶ 11, 148 N.M. 16, 229 P.3d 489 (stating that where parties fail to cite

 9 authority for their legal propositions, appellate courts “will presume that no such

10 authority exists”).

11   {16}   Appellants also urge us to conclude that the sale of collateral by the debtor “on

12 his own” is just as involuntary as a forced sale or a foreclosure sale, because

13 otherwise, “debtors would be encouraged to force the lender to go through [costly]

14 foreclosure proceedings, . . . instead of simply selling the collateral and allowing the

15 proceed[s] to be applied to one or more of the loans.” We cannot conclude that a

16 partial payment made through the debtor’s discretionary sale of his or her own

17 collateral is any different than a voluntary partial payment made with any other

18 sources of funds that are available to the debtor. See State v. Davis, 2003-NMSC-022,

19 ¶ 13, 134 N.M. 172, 74 P.3d 1064 (stating that appellate courts “will not construe

                                               13
 1 statutes in a manner contrary to the intent of the Legislature and in a manner that

 2 leads to absurd or unreasonable results”).

 3 3.       Identification of the Debt

 4   {17}   Appellants next argue that, even if the 2006 and 2008 payments were

 5 voluntary, they did not revive the Bank’s claims on the $200,000 note and the

 6 $650,000 note because Appellants did not identify the particular debts that those

 7 payments were to be applied. They argue that, in order to revive the statute of

 8 limitations, a debtor making a partial payment must clearly identify the debt or debts

 9 that he or she intends to direct and apply the payment. The Bank counters that,

10 without any specific instructions from the Appellants on how to apply the payments,

11 it had the discretion to distribute them among all three of the notes. We agree with the

12 Bank.

13   {18}   We begin by recognizing that, at the time that Appellants made the partial

14 payment from the 2006 sale, all three of the debts where the Bank applied the

15 payment were enforceable. The six-year statute of limitations had not yet run on the

16 Bank’s claims involving any of the three debts. Appellants concede that the Bank’s

17 claim on the $200,000 note matured in 2004 (payment was applied two years after it

18 matured), the claim on the $650,000 note accrued in 2001 (payment was applied five

19 years after it matured), and that the $325,000 note would not mature until 2014.

                                              14
 1   {19}   The general rule is that:

 2                 A debtor owing two or more debts has the right to direct the
 3          application of his or her payment to a specific debt or debts, but in the
 4          absence of such a direction, the creditor may usually apply the payment
 5          as the creditor chooses with respect to the tolling of the statute of
 6          limitations. Thus, the creditor may apply a portion of a payment to each
 7          debt and, by such action, suspend the statute of limitations as to all[.]

 8 54 C.J.S. Limitations of Actions § 383 (2010); see also 51 Am. Jur. 2d Limitation of

 9 Actions § 323 (2011) (“If a debtor fails to direct that a payment be applied to a

10 particular debt, the creditor may make the application. If a creditor on multiple debts

11 applies an undesignated partial payment by a debtor to a debt on which the statute of

12 limitations has not yet run, the payment tolls the statute of limitations on that debt.

13 If a creditor holds several distinct claims, none of which is barred by the statute, and

14 the debtor makes a payment without any direction concerning its application, the

15 creditor may apply it to any one or distribute it among all the claims, for this

16 purpose.” (footnotes omitted)). Where neither the debtor nor the creditor directs how

17 the debtor’s payment should be applied, the common law rule also allows the

18 payment to be apportioned among the debts in order to prevent the statute of

19 limitations from running on any of those debts. See 60 Am. Jur. 2d Payment § 71

20 (2014) (“[W]ithout specific application by either the debtor or the creditor, the law

21 will apply payments ratably to prevent any of several notes from being barred by the

22 statute of limitations.”).

                                               15
 1   {20}   The requirement for a debtor to identify the particular debt that a partial

 2 payment applies to will become a material factor when the statute of limitations on

 3 that particular debt has already run. See Drake v. Tyner, 914 P.2d 519, 523 (Colo.

 4 Ohio App. 1996) (holding that, “when a creditor on multiple debts applies an undesignated

 5 partial payment by the debtor to a debt on which the statute of limitations has not yet

 6 run, the payment tolls the statute of limitations on that debt”); accord Neal v. Gideon,

 7 138 P.2d 419, 420 (Kan.1943); Samuel v. Samuel’s Adm’r, 151 S.W. 676, 678 (Ky.

 8 1912); Anderson v. Nystrom, 114 N.W. 742, 743 (Minn. 1908); Anderson v. Stanley,

 9 753 S.W.2d 98, 100 (Mo. Ct. App. 1988); see also 51 Am. Jur. 2d Limitation of

10 Actions 2d § 323 (“[I]f the creditor holds several separate claims, all of which are

11 then barred by the statute, and the debtor makes a payment without directing or

12 authorizing its application to any one of them, the bar of the statute is not removed

13 with regard to any of the debts, because such a payment does not satisfy the

14 requirement that the debtor recognize or acknowledge a particular debt.” (footnote

15 omitted)); 51 Am. Jur. 2d Limitation of Actions § 330 (2011) (“To take a debt out of

16 the statute of limitations by a part payment, the evidence of the identification of the

17 debt must be clear[.]” (emphasis added)); 28 Richard A. Lord, Williston on Contracts

18 § 72:9 (4th ed. 2003) (“Where the creditor has the power to direct the application of

19 a payment, it is allowed to make the appropriation in the way most advantageous for

                                              16
 1 itself without regard to the interests of the debtor. Thus, the payment may be applied

 2 to . . . one that is unenforceable because of . . . the [s]tatute of [l]imitations. . . .

 3 [H]owever, . . . application by the creditor to a debt barred by the [s]tatute of

 4 [l]imitations will not renew the obligation unless the debtor has directed the payment

 5 or otherwise consented to the renewal of the debt.”).

 6   {21}   Here, the 2006 payment was made before that statute of limitations ran on any

 7 of the three debts in question. Because none of the Bank’s claims were barred by the

 8 statute of limitations when the Ranch made the 2006 payment, and because the Ranch

 9 did not direct how that payment should have been applied, the Bank was free to

10 “distribute it among all the claims,” 51 Am. Jur. 2d Limitation of Actions § 323, and

11 thus, “suspend the statute of limitations as to all[.]” 54 C.J.S. Limitations of Actions

12 § 383. Appellants do not dispute that the Bank distributed the 2006 payment among

13 all three debts. And they do not assert or allege any facts that would show that the

14 Ranch intended that the 2006 payment be applied differently. Thus, the statute of

15 limitations was revived, or started “running anew[,]” on all three debts when the 2006

16 payment was made, and it was revived for a second time, when the 2008 payment was

17 made. See Corona, 2014-NMCA-071, ¶ 12. Therefore, no genuine dispute exists

18 regarding the material fact addressing the revival of the statute of limitations in 2006

                                              17
 1 and 2008, and, as a matter of law, the Bank’s 2011 claims against the Ranch were not

 2 barred by the six-year statute of limitations. See Joslin, 2003-NMCA-133, ¶ 6.

 3 4.       Kathryn’s Guaranty

 4   {22}   Appellants argue that, even if the 2006 and 2008 payments revived the Bank’s

 5 claims against the Ranch, it did not automatically revive the claims against Kathryn

 6 because the Bank did not show that she consented to these payments made by the

 7 Ranch. We agree that the lack of any showing of consent on Kathryn’s part precludes

 8 summary judgment against her.

 9   {23}   This Court recently held that “a payment by a principal obligor, without

10 consent or ratification by the guarantor, is not a voluntary act by the guarantor and,

11 hence, cannot bind the guarantor.” Corona, 2014-NMCA-071, ¶ 21. The parties do

12 not dispute that Kathryn was a guarantor to all three notes. It is also undisputed that

13 Kathryn was not a principal obligor because she was not a partner in the Ranch. And

14 the Bank has made no allegations and has not asserted any facts to establish that

15 Kathryn consented to or ratified the 2006 or 2008 sales of the Ranch’s real property

16 and the subsequent payments of the net proceeds to the Bank. Thus, the statute of

17 limitations on the Bank’s right to enforce the $650,000 and $200,000 notes against

18 Kathryn’s guaranty were not automatically revived by the 2006 and 2008 payments

19 made by the Ranch, in its capacity as the principal obligor. Under this factual

                                             18
 1 scenario, summary judgment with regard to Kathryn’s continued liability for the

 2 $650,000 and $200,000 notes was improperly granted. Therefore, we reverse the

 3 summary judgment ruling entered against Kathryn regarding her continuing liability

 4 on the $650,000 and $200,000 notes, and we remand for further proceedings

 5 concerning her liability on these two notes.

 6 III.     CONCLUSION

 7   {24}   We affirm the summary judgment with respect to the Bank’s claims against the

 8 Ranch, Burrell, Elizabeth, and Brandon. We affirm the summary judgment against

 9 Kathryn with respect to the $325,000 note. We reverse the summary judgment order

10 with regard to Kathryn as it pertains to her personal guaranty of the $650,000 and

11 $200,000 notes, and we remand this case to the district court for further proceedings

12 as to Kathryn.

13   {25}   IT IS SO ORDERED.

14                                         __________________________________
15                                         TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge

16 WE CONCUR:

17 _________________________________
18 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge

19 _________________________________
20 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge

                                             19