Court Opinion

ID: 9898159
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-14 19:28:51.362904+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:16:12.139303
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

STATE OF WASHINGTON,                                    No. 84527-6-I

                    Appellant,                          DIVISION ONE

             v.                                         UNPUBLISHED OPINION

WILLIAM DOUGLAS LANCE,

                    Respondent.

       FELDMAN, J. — The State appeals a trial court order granting William

Douglas Lance’s postconviction motion for relief from judgment. Because the trial

court’s ruling contradicts CrR 7.8(c)(2), which requires that Lance’s motion be

transferred to this court for consideration as a personal restraint petition (PRP), we

reverse.

                                          I

       Lance was convicted by a jury of one count of murder in the first degree and

was sentenced, with an offender score of 10, to 548 months of confinement on a

standard sentencing range of 411-548 months. The judgment and sentence

became final in 2009. Approximately 13 years later, Lance filed a motion for relief

from judgment arguing that he is entitled to resentencing because the offender

score erroneously included a prior conviction for possession of a controlled
No. 84527-6-I/2

substance which is now invalid under State v. Blake, 197 Wn.2d 170, 481 P.3d

521 (2021). In response, the State filed a motion to transfer Lance’s motion to the

Court of Appeals, arguing that the motion is time-barred under RCW 10.73.900

and must therefore be transferred to this court for consideration as a PRP under

CrR 7.8(c)(2).

      The trial court initially agreed with the State and entered an order granting

the State’s motion to transfer, denying Lance’s motion for relief from judgment, and

transferring Lance’s motion to this court for consideration as a PRP as required by

CrR 7.8(c)(2). Lance then filed a motion for reconsideration, and the trial court

granted that motion.      The trial court’s order granting Lance’s motion for

reconsideration states as follows:

      Although the Judgment and Sentence in this case is not facially
      invalid, as the sentencing range remains the same, Defendant is
      correct that the judgment and sentence contains a reference to a
      conviction that was vacated on constitutional grounds. Moreover,
      Defendant has provided information that within this county, other
      similarly situated defendants whose score remains a 9+ have been
      granted resentencing. Considering those facts, and taking into
      account the interest of judicial economy Defendant’s Motion to
      Reconsider is GRANTED.

Having reconsidered its prior rulings, the trial court this time granted Lance’s

motion for relief from judgment, denied the State’s motion to transfer, and stated,

“the Court will conduct a resentencing hearing on a date convenient for the Court

and parties.” The State appeals.

                                         II

      The State’s principal argument on appeal is that a trial court cannot properly

grant a postconviction motion for relief from judgment under CR 7.8 if, as here, it

determines that the motion is time-barred. “We review a trial court’s ruling on a

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CrR 7.8 motion for abuse of discretion.” State v. Robinson, 193 Wn. App. 215,

217, 374 P.3d 175 (2016) (citing State v. Zavala-Reynoso, 127 Wn. App. 119, 122,

110 P.3d 827 (2005)). “A trial court abuses its discretion by misinterpreting a

statute or rule.” Diaz v. State, 175 Wn.2d 457, 462, 285 P.3d 873 (2012). Because

the trial court misinterpreted and misapplied CrR 7.8, we reverse.

       The trial court’s ruling granting Lance’s motion for reconsideration is

contrary to both the plain language of CrR 7.8(c)(2) and controlling precedent. In

State v. Molnar, 198 Wn.2d 500, 497 P.3d 858 (2021), our Supreme Court held as

follows:

       Collateral attacks filed in superior court are governed by CrR 7.8, and
       “when a superior court receives a CrR 7.8 motion, it should follow the
       CrR 7.8(c) procedures.” State v. Waller, 197 Wash.2d 218, 220, 481
       P.3d 515 (2021). CrR 7.8(c)(2) provides,

              The court shall transfer a motion filed by a defendant to the
              Court of Appeals for consideration as a personal restraint
              petition unless the court determines that the motion is not
              barred by RCW 10.73.090 and either (i) the defendant has
              made a substantial showing that he or she is entitled to relief
              or (ii) resolution of the motion will require a factual hearing.

       Therefore, if the superior court determines that the collateral attack
       is untimely, then the court must transfer it to the Court of Appeals
       without reaching the merits.

198 Wn.2d at 508-09 (emphasis added). In State v. Frohs, 22 Wn. App. 2d 88,

511 P.3d 1288 (2022), this court similarly held, “CrR 7.8(c)(2) requires transfer of

a postconviction motion to this court for consideration as a [PRP] unless the motion

is not time barred and ‘either the defendant has made a substantial showing of

merit or a factual hearing is required to decide the motion.’” Id. at 92-93 (quoting

In re Pers. Restraint of Ruiz-Sanabria, 184 Wn.2d 632, 638, 362 P.3d 758 (2015)

(citing CrR 7.8(c)(2)).

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No. 84527-6-I/4

       Lance’s motion for relief from judgment is a collateral attack, not a direct

appeal, because it was filed approximately 13 years after his judgment and

sentence became final in 2009. The trial court here concluded that Lance’s

“motion is time barred by RCW 10.73.090,” that Lance had not made a substantial

showing of merit, and that resolution of Lance’s motion will not require a factual

hearing. Having so concluded, the court was required by the mandatory language

in CrR 7.8(c)(2), Molnar, and Frohs to transfer Lance’s motion to the court of

appeals without reaching the merits. The trial court abused its discretion when it

failed to transfer the motion to this court and instead agreed to reach the merits of

the motion at an upcoming resentencing hearing.

       Lance argues, as he did in the trial court, that his motion for relief from

judgment is not time-barred because two exceptions to the one-year time limit on

collateral review under RCW 10.73.090 apply here: (1) the judgment and sentence

is invalid on its face (see RCW 10.73.090(1)); and (2) the Blake decision is a

significant change in the law that is material to his sentence (see RCW

10.73.100(6)). Both arguments are contrary to our Supreme Court’s recent order

in In re Personal Restraint of Richardson, 200 Wn.2d 845, 525 P.3d 939 (2022).

The court there held that a PRP challenging a sentence on the basis that the

offender score erroneously included a prior conviction for attempted possession of

a controlled substance—a conviction now invalid under Blake—”is not facially

invalid for purposes of exempting the [PRP] from the [one-year] time limit” on

collateral review under RCW 10.73.090(1). 200 Wn.2d at 847. That was so, the

court reasoned, because “[r]emoving from the offender score the prior conviction

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No. 84527-6-I/5

for attempted possession of a controlled substance reduces the score from 10 to

9, but at a score of 9 Richardson’s standard range remains 471 to 608 months. . .

. The superior court imposed a sentence within that range and therefore the

sentence was authorized.” Id. (internal citation omitted).

       The same reasoning and result in Richardson also apply here. Lance

conceded below, and we agree, that his “standard range remains unchanged”

(411-548 months) even after excising the prior conviction subject to Blake. The

trial court similarly concluded, “the sentencing range remains the same.”           It

necessarily follows under Richardson that the trial court’s sentence within that

range was authorized and that the judgment and sentence is not facially invalid for

purposes of exempting Lance’s motion for relief from judgment from the one-year

time limit on collateral review under RCW 10.73.090(1). And because Blake does

not affect the sentencing range applicable to Lance, and the trial court’s sentence

is and remains “authorized” under Richardson, the Blake decision is not material

to Lance’s sentence (see RCW 10.73.100(6)). Thus, these exceptions to the one-

year time limit on collateral review do not apply here.

       Lance asserts we should not follow Richardson because it “was decided by

five justices through an order and without the typical merits briefing and argument

that usually precede a significant decision.” This argument fails for two reasons.

First, we expressly adopted the Supreme Court’s order in Richardson “as our

position” in In re Personal Restraint of Taylor,No. 84036-3-I, slip op. at 4 (Wash.

Ct.         App.           Jan.          23,          2023)           (unpublished),

http://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf/840363.pdf.            While   Taylor   is   an

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No. 84527-6-I/6

unpublished opinion, we may properly cite and discuss unpublished opinions

where, as here, doing so is “necessary for a reasoned decision.” GR 14.1(c). We

adopt the reasoning of Taylor as set forth therein. Second, as we noted in Taylor,

longstanding authority demonstrates that decisions made by a department of our

Supreme Court are precedential. See, e.g., State v. Dickens, 66 Wn.2d 58, 401

P.2d 321 (1965); Green Mountain Sch. Dist. No. 103 v. Durkee, 56 Wn.2d 154,

351 P.2d 525 (1960); Hogland v. Klein, 49 Wn.2d 216, 289 P.2d 1099 (1956); State

v. Emmanuel, 49 Wn.2d 109, 298 P.2d 510 (1956) (cited in Taylor, 84036-3-I, slip

op. at 4, n.1).

       The trial court’s reasoning is similarly flawed. While the judgment and

sentence, as the trial court noted, contains a reference to a conviction that is now

invalid under Blake, Lance’s sentencing range remains the same under

Richardson when that reference is excised. Regarding the trial court’s observation

that “other similarly situated defendants whose score remains a 9+ have been

granted resentencing,” one of the appellate opinions cited by Lance in his motion

for reconsideration was reversed by the Supreme Court in Richardson and the

other opinion involves a direct appeal rather than collateral review. Contrary to the

trial court’s ruling, there is no “judicial economy” exception to the mandatory

transfer provision in CR 7.8(c)(2) that would allow resentencing here.

                                         III

       Applying Richardson, as we must, Lance’s motion for relief from judgment

is time-barred. Under CrR 7.8(c)(2) and controlling precedent, the trial court was

required to transfer the motion to this court for consideration as a PRP without

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No. 84527-6-I/7

reaching the merits. The trial court’s contrary ruling is reversed, and the matter is

remanded to the trial court to comply with the requirements of CrR 7.8(c)(2).

WE CONCUR:

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