Court Opinion

ID: 9673591
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-24 04:14:54.641717+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:16:22.927992
License: Public Domain

Darrell Hickman, Justice. Wilson was arrested for the May 27, 1979, robbery of the Magnolia Inn in Little Rock, Arkansas. By information he was charged with aggravated robbery in violation of Ark. Stat. Ann. § 41-2102 (Repl. 1977) and criminal attempt to commit felony murder in violation of Ark. Stat. Ann. § 41-701 (Repl. 1977). A jury convicted Wilson of the aggravated robbery and reduced the attempt charge to a conviction for criminal attempt to commit first degree felony murder. The trial court ordered the sentences to run consecutively. On appeal Wilson raises three issues. First, he claims that the trial court’s imposition of consecutive sentences for what he contends were the “same offense” violates his right not to be twice placed in jeopardy. However, there was no such objection made at the trial. There was a request that the sentences run concurrently rather than consecutively and Wilson argues that this was an objection. We do not consider it to be a proper objection; it was only a request. In a similar situation in Rowe v. State, 271 Ark. 20 (1980), cert. denied, No. 80-6178 (April 6, 1981), this court noted that no objection was made when the jury was given instructions defining both offenses; no alternate or substituted verdict form was requested by defendant; and no objection was made when the verdicts were returned. The same is true in the present case. We conclude as we did in Rowe that the arguments now advanced on appeal could have been raised in the trial court, but none of them were. Even though an error may be of constitutional proportion, as Wilson claims, we do not consider it for the first time on appeal. Shepherd v. State, 270 Ark. 457 (1980); Clark v. State, 264 Ark. 630, 573 S.W. 2d 622 (1978). We have no “plain error” rule. Smith v. State, 268 Ark. 282 (1980). Wilson’s second argument is that the trial court erred in denying his motion for a new trial. This motion was based on a contention that the court bailiff had discussions with the jurors and entered the jury room during the jury’s deliberations. Wilson requested and received a hearing on this matter. At the hearing Wilson and another man, Tommy Lee Driggers, testified that while they were in the holding cell they observed the bailiff responding to questions from the jury. The bailiff stated at the hearing that he had no specific memory of this case, but testified as to his customary practice which was not to give legal advice. No one testified as to what was actually said in the jury room. The record revealed that the bailiff had relayed a request from the jury for further instructions concerning attempted murder and that the court had responded that no further advice could be given on this matter. When the bailiff returned to the jury room with this response he was accompanied by attorneys for both parties. No objection to this procedure was made by the defense. On appeal of this issue Wilson relies on Williams v. State, 264 Ark. 77, 568 S.W. 2d 30 (1978) for the proposition that once deliberations have begun, the court alone should answer legal questions from the jury. Even so, Wilson failed to prove to the court’s satisfaction that the bailiff in this case counseled the jury on a point of law or acted to prejudice the appellant’s rights. The court concluded that there had been no showing of prejudice to the defendant and we cannot say the court’s decision in this regard was clearly wrong. A trial judge is never to relay any communications to the jury through a bailiff. Ark. Stat. Ann. § 43-2139 (Repl. 1977). But to reverse a decision we must find prejudicial, not harmless, error. Harrington v. California, 395 U.S. 250 (1969). Wilson’s final contention is that the trial court’s acceptance of the defense attorney’s stipulation of five prior convictions requires reversal. Again, the appellant suffered no prejudice. The five judgments entered to prove his habitual offender status were all certified copies of court judgments (as opposed to inadmissible docket sheets); each judgment gave the name of the attorney representing Wilson in that case; all were submitted to the jury and the jury returned findings. These factors distinguish this case from the Cox cases, Cox v.State, 257 Ark. 35, 513 S.W. 2d 798 (1974);Cox v. Hutto, 589 F. 2d 394 (8th Cir. 1979); Cox v. Hutto, 619 F. 2d 731 (8th Cir. 1980); and from our recent holding inMcCroskey v. State, 272 Ark. 356, 614 S.W. 2d 660 (1981). Affirmed. Purtle, J., dissents. Holt, J., not participating.