Court Opinion

ID: 4583555
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-04 16:03:52.865698+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:48:12.243731
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                        FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any                               Nov 04 2020, 9:15 am
court except for the purpose of establishing
                                                                             CLERK
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                  Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                            Court of Appeals
estoppel, or the law of the case.                                             and Tax Court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                  ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Jennifer L. Koethe                                      Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Navarre, Florida                                        Attorney General of Indiana
                                                        Caryn Nieman-Szyper
                                                        Deputy Attorney General
                                                        Indianapolis, Indiana

                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Marcus L. Manns,                                        November 4, 2020
Appellant-Defendant,                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                        20A-CR-105
        v.                                              Appeal from the LaPorte Superior
                                                        Court
State of Indiana,                                       The Honorable Michael Bergerson,
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                     Judge
                                                        Trial Court Cause Nos.
                                                        46D01-1901-F2-82 & 46D01-
                                                        0610-MR-174

Riley, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020                  Page 1 of 12
                               STATEMENT OF THE CASE
[1]   Appellant-Defendant, Marcus Manns (Manns), appeals his conviction for

      burglary, a Level 2 felony, Ind. Code § 35-43-2-1(3)(A), and robbery, a Level 3

      felony, I.C. § 35-42-5-1(a)(1).

[2]   We affirm.

                                                  ISSUES
[3]   Manns presents this court with three issues on appeal, which we restate as:

          (1) Whether the State presented sufficient evidence beyond a reasonable

              doubt to sustain his conviction;

          (2) Whether the trial court abused its discretion at sentencing; and

          (3) Whether Manns sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the

              offenses and his character.

                      FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
[4]   On the evening of March 7, 2018, Jabar Wilson (Wilson) was washing dishes in

      his home when he heard an unexpected knock on the door. Wilson asked who

      it was, and the person on the other side of the door identified himself as

      “Dontu.” (Transcript Vol. III, p. 82). Because Wilson had a family friend

      named Dontu, he opened the door. A man armed with a handgun entered his

      home and two other men followed. Wilson back-pedaled into the couch, and

      as he began to fall, one of the men struck him in the head with a gun. Wilson

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 2 of 12
      then heard one of the men yell, “[g]rab him,” but Wilson succeeded in running

      out of the house. (Tr. Vol. III, p. 86). As he fled his home, he hurt his knee on

      a concrete slab. Wilson however picked himself up and limped over to his

      neighbor’s house and his neighbor called 911.

[5]   Wilson’s wife and three children, ages nine, eleven, and fourteen, were still

      inside the house. After Wilson fled his home, one of the robbers forced open

      the door to a bedroom and pointed a gun at Wilson’s eleven-year-old son. The

      gunman and a second robber then moved on to another bedroom where they

      searched under the mattress and opened drawers. Before the men ran out of the

      house, one of them took Wilson’s wallet which was sitting on the kitchen

      counter.

[6]   Shortly after the robbers had left, Officer Deshone Harris (Officer Harris) of the

      Michigan City Police Department arrived at the scene. Officer Harris spoke

      with Wilson and Wilson’s wife. The following day, March 8, 2018, Wilson’s

      wife sent video clips to Officer Harris of their home surveillance video which

      showed three men approaching Wilson’s house on the day of the robbery,

      Wilson hobbling, and the robbers fleeing Wilson’s home. On the same day,

      Detective Melissa Sopher (Detective Sopher) was assigned to the case. After

      watching the surveillance video from Wilson’s house, Detective Sopher took

      several screen shots of the men. She noticed that one of the men had a beard.

[7]   On March 15, 2018, Detective Sopher spoke with Wilson, and Wilson stated

      that the three robbers were African American men—the first suspect was “a

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 3 of 12
      lighter skinned black male” with short hair, the second suspect was a “dark

      skinned black male with dread locks and the third suspect had a thick beard.”

      (Appellant’s App. Vol. II, p. 19). Wilson claimed that the first suspect, the

      armed gun man, was possibly Cary Arnold Jr. (Arnold Jr.). Wilson’s wife

      identified the bearded man as Manns. Then during a forensic interview, two of

      Wilson’s children consistently stated that one of the robbers had dreadlocks.

[8]   Detective Sopher searched Facebook for Arnold Jr, but found Arnold Jr.’s

      father, Cary Arnold Sr. (Arnold Sr.). Upon further research, she discovered

      that Arnold Sr.’s son and Arnold’s brother, Keenan Arnold (Keenan), had

      dreadlocks, which made it more likely that he was one of the suspected robbers.

      Detective Sopher later prepared separate photo line ups of Arnold Jr., Keenan,

      and Manns. Wilson recognized Arnold Jr as the gun man that entered his

      house first. He also identified Keenan, however, he “could not be positive” if

      Keenan was one of the robbers, but Keenan’s eyes did stand out to him.

      (Appellant’s App. Vol. II. p. 21). Wilson also identified Manns from the photo

      lineup but he “could not be positive [if Manns] was one of the suspects” but

      stated that “he recognized the beard.” (Appellant’s App. Vol. II, p. 21).

[9]   In August 2018, Arnold Jr. was arrested and detained at the Laporte County

      Jail. At a subsequent interview, Arnold Jr. denied any involvement in the

      home invasion and he claimed that he was in Minnesota at the time the crimes

      occurred. On December 17, 2018, Arnold Jr. was again interviewed with his

      attorney present at the Laporte County Jail. Arnold Jr. admitted his

      involvement in the home invasion, and he claimed that his brother, Keenan,

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 4 of 12
       and Manns, whom he knew as “Nine,” were the other two robbers.

       (Appellant’s App. Vol. II, p. 21).

[10]   On January 16, 2019, the State filed an Information, charging Manns with

       Level 2 felony burglary and Level 3 felony robbery. A jury trial was held on

       October 21 through 24, 2019. Arnold Jr admitted that he participated in the

       home invasion to look for drugs in Wilson’s home, and that Keenan and

       Manns were the other two robbers. Counsel for both Manns and Keenan

       attempted to undercut the reliability of Arnold Jr.’s testimony claiming that he

       had a motive to lie, emphasized that Wilson’s children were unable to identify

       the perpetrators, offered alternative suspects, and suggested that the police

       investigation was inadequate and incomplete. At the close of the evidence, the

       jury found both Manns and Keenan guilty of Level 2 felony burglary and Level

       3 felony robbery.

[11]   On December 12, 2019, the trial court conducted a sentencing hearing. At the

       time of his sentencing hearing, Manns was thirty-two years old. The trial court

       acknowledge Manns’ criminal history which involved a conviction for a Class B

       felony aggravated battery and a Class C felony reckless homicide in 2007, and a

       2016 conviction for a Level 6 felony resisting law enforcement. Manns

       apologized to the victim’s family but maintained his innocence. Manns

       submitted letters from a few family members describing his positive character

       traits, but the trial court found the letters “hard to believe” given that Manns

       committed the instant offenses while on probation. (Tr. Vol. IV, p. 204).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 5 of 12
       Manns also reported that his fiancée had given birth to his daughter while he

       was incarcerated and mentioned that he hoped to get back to her.

[12]   The trial court recognized Manns’ criminal history as an aggravating factor and

       found no mitigating factors. The trial court then sentenced Manns to

       concurrent terms of twenty years for the Level 2 felony burglary, and ten years

       for the Level 3 felony robbery conviction.

[13]   Manns now appeals. Additional information will be provided as necessary.

                               DISCUSSION AND DECISION
                                        I. Sufficiency of the Evidence

[14]   When reviewing a claim of insufficient evidence, it is well-established that our

       court does not reweigh evidence or assess the credibility of witnesses. Walker v.

       State, 998 N.E.2d 724, 726 (Ind. 2013). Instead, we consider all the evidence,

       and any reasonable inferences that may be drawn therefrom, in a light most

       favorable to the verdict. Id. We will uphold the conviction “‘if there is

       substantial evidence of probative value supporting each element of the crime

       from which a reasonable trier of fact could have found the defendant guilty

       beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Id. (quoting Davis v. State, 813 N.E.2d 1176, 1178

       (Ind. 2004)).

[15]   “A person who breaks and enters the building or structure of another person,

       with intent to commit a felony or theft in it, commits burglary.” I.C. § 35-43-2-

       1. The offense is “a Level 2 felony if it is committed while armed with a deadly

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 6 of 12
       weapon. I.C. § 35-43-2-1(3)(A). “[A] person who knowingly or intentionally

       takes property from another person or from the presence of another person . .

       .by using or threatening the use of force on any person; or . . . by putting any

       person in fear . . . commits robbery.” I.C. § 35-42-5-1(a). The “offense is a

       Level 3 felony if it is committed while armed with a deadly weapon or results in

       bodily injury to any person other than a defendant.” I.C. § 35-42-5-1(a).

[16]   Manns contends that the evidence was insufficient to establish his identity as

       the robber and burglar. In particular, he claims that Arnold’s Jr.’s testimony

       identifying him as one of the perpetrators was uncorroborated, and that Arnold

       Jr only testified against him since Arnold Jr. wanted to receive a favorable

       outcome from the State as to his involvement in the robbery and burglary. It is

       well-settled that uncorroborated testimony of one witness is sufficient, by itself,

       to sustain a conviction on appeal. Toney v. State, 715 N.E.2d 367, 369 (Ind.

       1999). At Manns’ and Keenan’s joint jury trial, Arnold Jr confessed that he

       participated in the home invasion and he unequivocally testified that Manns,

       whom he also knew as Nine, was one of the perpetrators to the robbery and

       burglary.

[17]   Even disregarding Arnold Jr’s testimony, the State presented evidence

       implicating Manns and placing him at the scene of the crime. Following the

       home invasion, Wilson’s wife handed over the surveillance footage of her home

       security system. From the security footage, Wilson’s wife identified Manns as

       the bearded man. When the police presented Wilson with separate photo

       lineups, Wilson selected Manns, as the bearded man. Then, during forensic

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 7 of 12
       interviews, one of Wilson’s children identified one of the robbers as having had

       a beard. In light of the testimony and evidence admitted at trial, we conclude

       that the State presented sufficient evidence beyond a reasonable doubt to

       sustain Manns’ convictions.

                                        II. Mitigating Circumstance

[18]   Manns asserts that the trial court abused its discretion at sentencing when it

       failed to consider a certain mitigating factor. So long as a sentence imposed by

       a trial court is within the statutory range for the offense, it is subject to review

       only for an abuse of discretion. Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind.

       2007), clarified on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (Ind. 2007). An abuse of the trial

       court’s sentencing discretion occurs if its decision is clearly against the logic and

       effect of the facts and circumstances before the court, or the reasonable,

       probable, and actual deductions to be drawn therefrom. Id. A trial court abuses

       its discretion when it fails to enter a sentencing statement at all, its stated

       reasons for imposing sentence are not supported by the record, its sentencing

       statement omits reasons that are clearly supported by the record and advanced

       for consideration, or its reasons for imposing sentence are improper as a matter

       of law. Id. at 490-91.

[19]   Manns claims that the trial court abused its discretion by failing to find that his

       incarceration would result in an undue hardship to his newborn daughter. The

       State argues that Manns’ proposed mitigator was not raised in the trial court

       and he waives his claim on appeal. A review of the sentencing transcript

       indicates that Manns testified that he wished to return to his daughter, however,
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 8 of 12
       he did not claim that his incarceration would prove undue hardship to his

       newborn daughter nor did he submit it as a mitigating factor. Accordingly,

       Manns is precluded from arguing that this circumstance is mitigating for the

       first time on appeal. See Henley v. State, 881 N.E.2d 639, 651 (Ind. 2008)

       (holding that where a mitigating factor is not argued at sentencing, it is

       presumed that it is not significant and it may not be argued on appeal).

[20]   Waiver notwithstanding, Manns failed to meet his burden to establish that his

       incarceration would cause an undue hardship on his daughter. Indiana Code

       section 35-38-1-7.1(b)(10) provides that the court may consider it to be a

       mitigating circumstance that “[i]imprisonment of the person will result in

       undue hardship to the person or the dependents of the person.” But, “a trial

       court is not required to find that a defendant’s incarceration would result in

       undue hardship on [his or] her dependents.” Benefield v. State, 904 N.E.2d 239,

       247 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied. Indeed, “[m]any persons convicted of

       serious crimes have one or more children and, absent special circumstances,

       trial courts are not required to find that imprisonment will result in an undue

       hardship.” Dowdell v. State, 720 N.E.2d 1146, 1154 (Ind.1999).

[21]   The record shows that Manns has an infant daughter who will be taken care of

       by his fiancé while Manns serves his prison sentence. Although any negative

       impact a parent’s incarceration may have on a child is unfortunate, Manns falls

       far short of establishing special circumstances to show that the hardship is

       undue. See Roush v. State, 875 N.E.2d 801, 811 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (finding no

       sentencing error when the defendant presented no evidence that either her

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 9 of 12
       family or her friends were unable to help care for the children during her

       incarceration). Thus, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its

       discretion at sentencing.

                                        III. Inappropriate Sentence

[22]   Lastly, Manns also requests that we review the appropriateness of his sentence.

       “Even when a trial court imposes a sentence within its discretion, the Indiana

       Constitution authorizes independent appellate review and revision of this

       sentencing decision.” Hoak v. State, 113 N.E.3d 1209, 1209 (Ind. 2019). Thus,

       we may alter a sentence if, after due consideration of the trial court’s decision,

       we find that the sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense

       and the character of the offender. Id. The principal role of such review is to

       attempt to leaven the outliers. Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1225 (Ind.

       2008). The defendant bears the burden to persuade the reviewing court that the

       sentence imposed is inappropriate. Robinson v. State, 91 N.E.3d 574, 577 (Ind.

       2018).

[23]   In considering the appropriateness of a sentence, we recognize the advisory

       sentence is the starting point the Legislature selected as appropriate for the

       crime committed. Fuller v. State, 9 N.E.3d 653, 657 (Ind. 2014). A Level 2

       felony has a sentencing range of between ten and thirty years, with an advisory

       sentence of seventeen and one-half years. I.C. § 35-50-2-4.5. A Level 3 felony

       has a sentencing range of between three and sixteen years, with an advisory

       sentence of nine years. I.C. § 35-50-2-5(b). Therefore, Manns faced a potential

       sentence of forty-six years. Manns was sentenced to twenty years for the Level
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 10 of 12
       2 felony and an advisory sentence of ten years for the Level 3 felony, to be

       served concurrently.

[24]   With respect to the nature of the crimes, we do not turn a blind eye to “facts of

       the incident that brought the defendant before” us or the “nature and

       circumstances of the crime as well as the manner in which the crime is

       committed.” Bethea v. State, 893 N.E.2d 1134, 1145 (Ind. 2013). Manns and

       two other men forced their way into Wilson’s home in search of drugs while

       armed with handguns. They inflicted injury upon Wilson in their pursuit,

       terrorized the children in the home, and pointed a firearm at an eleven-year-old

       boy. Wilson has failed to persuade us that his sentence is inappropriate in light

       of the nature of his offenses.

[25]   As for his character, we note that a defendant’s willingness to continue

       committing crimes is relevant for analysis of his character under Appellate Rule

       7(B). Garcia v. State, 47 N.E. 3d 1249, 1251 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015), trans. denied.

       In 2007, Manns was convicted of aggravated battery, and reckless homicide.

       Manns was ordered to serve concurrent terms of twenty years for the

       aggravated battery conviction, and eight years for the reckless homicide, which

       was suspended to probation. While serving probation for his 2007 convictions,

       in 2016, Manns was convicted of resisting law enforcement. Manns was

       sanctioned with a year in jail for violating the terms of his probation. At the

       time Manns committed the instant offenses, he was still serving the probation

       term imposed for his aggravated battery and reckless homicide convictions.

       Manns’ criminal record speaks volumes as to his negative character, and he has

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 11 of 12
       therefore failed to convince us that his sentence is inappropriate given his

       character.

[26]   In light of the foregoing, we decline to find that Manns’ aggregate twenty-year

       sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offenses and his character.

                                            CONCLUSION
[27]   Based on the foregoing, we hold that the State presented sufficient evidence

       beyond a reasonable doubt to convict Manns of his offenses, the trial court did

       not abuse its discretion at sentencing, and Manns’ sentence is not inappropriate

       in light of the offenses and his character.

[28]   Affirmed.

[29]   May, J. and Altice, J. concur

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-105 | November 4, 2020   Page 12 of 12