Court Opinion

ID: 4576235
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-10-13 21:00:39.979048+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:32:28.536888
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       OCT 13 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JORGE ANTONIO ESCAMILLA, AKA                    No.    19-71524
Jorge Escamilla,
                                                Agency No. A070-077-003
                Petitioner,

 v.                                             MEMORANDUM*

WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                              Submitted October 8, 2020**
                                 Pasadena, California

Before: HURWITZ, BRESS, and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges.

      Jorge Escamilla, a citizen of El Salvador, seeks review of a Board of

Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision dismissing his appeal of the denial of special

rule cancellation of removal under the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central

American Relief Act (“NACARA”), Pub. L. No. 105-100, 111 Stat. 2160 (1997),

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
and adjustment of status. We deny the petition in part and dismiss in part.

      1.     The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of

1996 (“IIRIRA”) “expressly precludes federal courts from reviewing the agency’s

factual determination that an immigrant is ineligible for . . . special rule cancellation

of removal under NACARA § 203.” Ixcot v. Holder, 646 F.3d 1202, 1213–14 (9th

Cir. 2011); see also Lanuza v. Holder, 597 F.3d 970, 971 (9th Cir. 2010) (per

curiam). The parties agree that Escamilla was only eligible for NACARA relief if

he entered the United States prior to September 19, 1990. Cortez-Pineda v. Holder,

610 F.3d 1118, 1120 (9th Cir. 2010). Escamilla argues that the Immigration Judge

(“IJ”) and BIA erred in finding he had entered the United States after that date. We

lack jurisdiction to review that purely factual issue. Ixcot, 646 F.3d at 1213–14.

      Regardless, we note that substantial evidence supports the determination that

Escamilla entered the United States after September 19, 1990. Cortez-Pineda, 610
F.3d at 1120. It was reasonable for the IJ to rely on Escamilla’s March 1991 asylum

application, which stated he arrived in the United States in December 1990.

      2.     Escamilla’s request for adjustment of status likewise fails. The United

States Customs and Immigration Service (“USCIS”) has exclusive jurisdiction to

consider applications for adjustment of status for arriving aliens placed in removal

proceedings. See 8 C.F.R. §§ 245.2(a)(1), 1245.2(a)(1)(ii). Escamilla argues that

he is not an arriving alien, so the IJ and not USCIS should review his request for

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adjustment of status. Reviewing this legal issue de novo, Cordoba v. Barr, 962 F.3d
479, 481–82 (9th Cir. 2020), we conclude that Escamilla is an “arriving alien.”

          An “arriving alien” includes “an applicant for admission coming or attempting

to come into the United States at a port-of-entry.” 8 C.F.R. § 1001.1(q); see also id.

§ 1.2. “An arriving alien remains an arriving alien even if paroled pursuant to section

212(d)(5) of the Act [8 U.S.C. § 1182(d)], and even after any such parole is

terminated or revoked.” Id. § 1001.1(q).1 Escamilla was paroled pursuant to this

provision. Thus, the regulations treat him as an “arriving alien.” See also Bona v.

Gonzales, 425 F.3d 663, 667 (9th Cir. 2005) (holding that “an alien paroled under 8

U.S.C. § 1182(d) remains an ‘arriving alien’ regardless of her parole status”).

Accordingly, the IJ lacked jurisdiction over Escamilla’s request for adjustment of

status.

          PETITION DISMISSED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART.

1
 The BIA appears to have referenced 8 C.F.R. § 1245.2(a)(4)(ii)(B) by mistake.
Any such error was harmless. Cf. Zixiang Li v. Kerry, 710 F.3d 995, 999 n.3 (9th
Cir. 2013).

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