Court Opinion

ID: 4678175
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-04-16 20:00:28.602434+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:03:43.452715
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 16 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

LOUIS BRANCH,                                   No.    20-15185

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                1:08-cv-01655-AWI-SAB
 v.

D. UMPHENOUR, Building 250 Officer,             MEMORANDUM*
Avenal Prison; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellees,

and

N. GRANNIS, Chief, Inmate Appeals
Branch, Sacramento; et al.,

                Defendants.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Eastern District of California
                   Anthony W. Ishii, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted February 10, 2021
                            San Francisco, California

Before: CHRISTEN and BADE, Circuit Judges, and FEINERMAN,** District
Judge.

      *
          This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
         The Honorable Gary Feinerman, United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Illinois, sitting by designation.
      Louis Branch appeals the denial of his motion to withdraw consent to

magistrate judge jurisdiction and dismissal with prejudice of his Third Amended

Complaint (TAC). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm

in part, reverse in part, and remand for additional proceedings.1

      1.     Branch argues that the magistrate judge who presided over his trial

lacked subject-matter jurisdiction because Branch filed his magistrate judge

consent form seven years before Defendants filed their form. He argues that the

Federal Magistrates Act (FMA) requires the parties’ contemporaneous consent.

See 28 U.S.C. § 636(c)(2). We review de novo, Branch v. Umphenour, 936 F.3d

994, 1000 (9th Cir. 2019) (“Branch I”), and we reject this argument. Nothing in

the text of the FMA requires that all parties consent “contemporaneously,” as

Branch argues. Moreover, Branch points to no authority to support his assertions

that 28 U.S.C. § 636(c)(2)’s reference to “the parties’ consent” implies

“contemporaneity” based on the concept of “joint ownership,” that we should

apply “contract principles” to the FMA’s consent procedures, or that a

contemporaneous consent requirement is necessary to avoid constitutional

      1
        The parties are familiar with the factual and procedural background of this
matter. Therefore, we recite only those facts necessary for this disposition.

                                          2
concerns or to protect pro se litigants.2

      2.     Branch also argues that the district court abused its discretion by

denying his motion to withdraw consent. He asserts that the district court should

have sua sponte considered several “obvious factors” such as his “pro se status, the

existence of an issue of first impression involving the magistrate judge’s

jurisdiction, the lack of prejudice to Defendants, and the failure of the local rules to

comply with the [FMA]” when evaluating his withdrawal motion. However,

Branch failed to raise any of these arguments in his withdrawal motion, and while

a court should apply certain procedures leniently when dealing with pro se

litigants, see, e.g., Eldridge v. Block, 832 F.2d 1132, 1135–36 (9th Cir. 1987),

Branch cites no authority requiring a district court to sua sponte consider

arguments that a pro se litigant entirely fails to raise in his motion.3 Moreover,

considering the arguments Branch did raise in his withdrawal motion—in essence,

      2
        Defendants also argue that Branch “acknowledged, in his prior appeal, that
the parties’ consents vested the magistrate judge with jurisdiction,” and they
request judicial notice of a portion of Branch’s earlier briefing, in a previous
appeal, which mentions that the magistrate judge was “vested with the consent of
the parties.” Dkt. 14. Branch’s offhand statement in this brief does not resolve the
issue before us now, and we deny Defendants’ motion for judicial notice.
      3
        Branch also argues that the district court should have considered these
factors “given the extensive discussion of them during the previous appeal.” But
nothing in the Branch I opinion would have alerted the district court to any
obligation to consider factors beyond those Branch briefed in his motion. See
Branch I, 936 F.3d at 1004.

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that the magistrate judges made legal and factual errors and exhibited bias by

accepting Defendants’ allegedly erroneous legal arguments—the district court did

not abuse its discretion in determining that Branch failed to clear the “high bar,”

Branch I, 936 F.3d at 1004 (quoting Savoca v. United States, 199 F. Supp. 3d 716,

721 (S.D.N.Y. 2016)), of demonstrating “good cause” or “extraordinary

circumstances” to justify granting his withdrawal motion, id. (quoting 28 U.S.C.

§ 636(c)(4)).

      3.        Branch also argues that the district court erred by dismissing several

of his claims for failure to state a claim. We review de novo, Disability Rts. Mont.,

Inc. v. Batista, 930 F.3d 1090, 1096 (9th Cir. 2019), and we find no error.

      The district court correctly dismissed Branch’s First Amendment retaliation

claim against Umphenour because his statement that his property was “sabotaged,”

gives no details about the nature of the adverse action. Thus, there is no way to

determine whether the damage was sufficiently serious to “chill or silence a person

of ordinary firmness from future First Amendment activities” or cause him to

“suffer[] some other harm that [was] more than minimal,” as Branch would have to

show to prevail on a retaliation claim. Watison v. Carter, 668 F.3d 1108, 1114

(9th Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). These “[v]ague

and conclusory allegations . . . are not sufficient to withstand a motion to dismiss.”

Ivey v. Bd. of Regents of Univ. of Alaska, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982)

                                             4
(citations omitted).4

      The district court correctly held that Branch failed to state claims against

Szalai and Alvarez for retaliation because he failed to allege that they were aware

of any protected First Amendment activity or that they acted because of such

activity. Watison, 668 F.3d at 1114. The only language in Branch’s TAC that

addressed these elements of a retaliation claim was his statement that “Szalai and

Alvarez’s deliberate indifference to plaintiff’s attempted murder was consonant

with a policy and custom of retaliation for plaintiff’s exercise of his Fourteenth

Amendment right to petition for redress.” An allegation that their behavior was

“consistent with” retaliation, offering no facts that “tend to exclude a plausible and

innocuous alternative explanation,” is insufficient to overcome dismissal. Eclectic

Props. E., LLC v. Marcus & Millichap Co., 751 F.3d 990, 998 (9th Cir. 2014).

Furthermore, although Branch alleged that other officers knew he had engaged in

protected activity, he offers no authority for imputing these other officers’

knowledge to Szalai and Alvarez.

      The district court also correctly held that Branch failed to state claims

      4
        Branch’s citations to Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 568–69 (9th Cir.
2005), and Lavan v. City of Los Angeles, 693 F.3d 1022, 1025 (9th Cir. 2012), are
inapposite because in both those cases, the plaintiffs described the alleged property
destruction in much greater detail than Branch did in his TAC.

                                          5
against Mendoza-Powers and Mancinas for retaliation.5 The TAC does not allege

that either defendant was personally involved in Branch’s transfers between

facilities, and therefore, it does not support a plausible inference that they acted in

retaliation for Branch’s protected First Amendment activities. See Eclectic Props.

E., LLC, 751 F.3d at 1000.

      4.     Finally, Branch argues that the district court abused its discretion

when, on remand from a prior appeal in this case, it sua sponte dismissed the TAC

with prejudice for failure to state a claim without giving Branch notice or an

opportunity to respond. We review a district court’s decision to dismiss with

prejudice for abuse of discretion. Zucco Partners, LLC v. Digimarc Corp., 552

F.3d 981, 989 (9th Cir. 2009).

      The district court did not abuse its discretion by evaluating Branch’s TAC

sua sponte without giving him notice or an opportunity to respond. The Prison

Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) provides that a district court should evaluate a

prisoner’s complaint “as soon as practicable”—even “before docketing, if

feasible”—and to “dismiss the complaint, or any portion of the complaint,” if it

fails to state a claim. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a)–(b). Branch argues that the PLRA’s

      5
         Because our conclusion that Branch failed to allege these defendants’
personal involvement is sufficient to affirm the dismissal, we do not reach the
district court’s alternative holding that Branch failed to plead that “intra-facility
transfers . . . constituted ‘adverse action.’”

                                           6
screening procedures are irrelevant because “the district court did not ‘screen’ [his]

complaint,” but instead cited and relied on Federal Rule of Civil Procedure

12(b)(6). Regardless of whether the district court explicitly invoked § 1915A,

Branch’s complaint was subject to that statute’s provisions, and those provisions

required the district court to screen his complaint.

      The district court did, however, abuse its discretion by dismissing Branch’s

complaint with prejudice based solely on the lengthy screening process before

magistrate judges, during which the “problems identified by the various

[m]agistrate [j]udges had not been corrected” despite Branch’s repeated

amendments. Although a court may dismiss with prejudice when a plaintiff has

“failed to plead properly after repeated opportunities,” Destfino v. Reiswig, 630

F.3d 952, 959 (9th Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted), the

previous screening activity in this case took place before magistrate judges who

lacked jurisdiction to dismiss Branch’s complaints, and is therefore “a nullity,”

Branch I, 936 F.3d at 1000 (citation omitted). Moreover, insofar as the magistrate

judges’ analyses were inconsistent with each other, it is doubtful that they reliably

gave Branch “notice of the deficiencies in his complaint in order to ensure that [he]

use[d] the opportunity to amend effectively.” Akhtar v. Mesa, 698 F.3d 1202,

1212 (9th Cir. 2012) (citation omitted). Therefore, we reverse the district court’s

dismissal with prejudice and remand with instructions to permit Branch to amend

                                           7
his complaint.

      The parties will bear their own costs on appeal.

      AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED.

                                         8