Court Opinion

ID: 3176226
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-02-10 15:25:31.210278+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:28:35.465293
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                    No. 15-0356
                              Filed February 10, 2016

DLR GROUP, INC.,
     Petitioner-Appellant,

vs.

OSKALOOSA COMMUNITY SCHOOL
DISTRICT; M&M ENTERPRISES; and
STORY CONSTRUCTION CO.,
     Respondents-Appellees.
________________________________________________________________

        Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Richard G. Blane II,

Judge.

        DLR Group, Inc. appeals the district court’s denial of its motion to vacate

the arbitration award and the court’s approval of the arbitration award.

AFFIRMED.

        Keith A. Harvat and Daniel J. Epstein of Houghton, Vandenack, Williams,

Whitted, Weaver, Parsonage, L.L.C., Omaha, Nebraska, for appellant.

        Edward W. Remsburg and Jason M. Craig of Ahlers & Cooney, P.C., for

appellee Oskaloosa Community School District.

        Mark A. Schultheis of Nyemaster Goode P.C., Des Moines, for appellee

Story Construction.

        F. Richard Lyford of Dickinson, Mackaman, Tyler & Hagen, P.C., Des

Moines, for appellee M&M Enterprises.

        Heard by Tabor, P.J., and Bower and McDonald, JJ. Blane, S.J., takes no

part.
                                         2

BOWER, Judge.

       DLR Group, Inc. (DLR) appeals the district court’s denial of its motion to

vacate the arbitration award and the court’s approval of Oskaloosa Community

School District’s (District) motion to confirm the arbitration award. We affirm.

I.     BACKGROUND FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS

       We incorporate the district court’s summary of the factual background:

               This case involves construction at the Oskaloosa High
       School. The District entered into separate contracts with DLR,
       Story [Construction Company], and M&M [Enterprises]. The design
       for the project was prepared by DLR in 2001 and 2002. The District
       hired Story to perform construction management services on the
       project. The District hired M&M to perform general construction
       services, including pouring the concrete floors at the high school.
               M&M constructed the floors for the school in three layers.
       The first layer was a vapor barrier, the second was three to four
       inches of rock fill, and the third layer was concrete. The concrete
       slab-on-grade floors in the high school were poured by M&M from
       March 2003 through May 2003. The floor slabs were poured by
       M&M in such a way that humps and unlevel floors resulted.
       Repairs to fix the levelness issues generally occurred in November
       of 2003. M&M and Skold Construction used leveling compounds to
       level the floor. All of the leveling work and leveling products used
       by M&M and Skold were approved by DLR.
               After the repair work in 2003, vinyl composite tiles were
       placed on the floor slabs by another contractor, Poindexter. As
       early as 2004, the vinyl composite tiles started to bubble. As a
       result of this condition, the vinyl floor tiles had to be removed, the
       leveling compounds had to be removed to expose the original
       concrete floor slabs, a moisture resistant floor sealer with leveling
       materials installed, and then the vinyl floor tiles had to be
       reinstalled.

       The parties agreed their dispute concerning the flooring defects should be

submitted to arbitration.   The District claimed DLR breached sections 1.1.1,

1.2.3.8, 2.4.4.1, 2.6.2.1, and 2.6.2.2 of the contract.      Before the arbitration

hearing, on July 2, 2013, DLR filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing the
                                           3

District’s claims were barred by the statute of limitations. DLR asserted, although

the District’s requests were pled as a breach of contract, their claims were

actually for professional negligence and barred by the five-year statute of

limitations pursuant to Iowa Code section 614.1(4) (2013). After reviewing the

resistances filed by M&M and the District, the arbitrator found the District’s claims

were properly submitted as contract claims and denied DLR’s motion.

       The arbitration hearing was held December 10 through 12, 2013. On the

morning of December 10, DLR notified the parties it had retained a court reporter

to transcribe the proceedings but the court reporter would be late. DLR’s counsel

agreed the parties should begin the proceeding without the reporter.

Consequently, the direct examination of the District’s first witness, David

Dickinson,1 was not reported.

       The arbitrator issued his decision on January 28, 2014, finding in favor of

the District.   The arbitrator found the three respondents had breached the

contract and were jointly and severally liable for damages in the amount of

$304,500. Concerning DLR, the arbitrator found it had violated “section 1.2.3.6

of its agreement with the District when it recommended both the process and

products to be used in correcting the unlevel floors” and it had not “acted in the

best interest of the District.”

       On April 25, 2014, DLR filed a petition at law in the district court to vacate

the arbitration award, claiming the arbitrator had exceeded his powers and

1
  Dickinson served as an Oskaloosa School Board member from 2002–2005. He has
formal education and training in construction matters and has taught construction-related
classes at Iowa State University. Dickinson testified about the concrete floors being
poured in 2003 before the building was enclosed.
                                          4

substantial evidence did not support the arbitrator’s ruling.       See Iowa Code

§ 679A.12(1)(c), (f). DLR noted substantial evidence did not support the finding

DLR had breached section 1.2.3.6 because the District had never claimed DLR

had violated that section and there was no evidence presented to support this

claim. The District then filed a motion to submit the case to the arbitrator for a

nunc pro tunc order or, in the alternative, for permission to obtain an affidavit

from the arbitrator. The District believed the arbitrator likely made a clerical error

in finding DLR breached 1.2.3.6 of the agreement, instead of section 1.2.3.8., as

the District had never alleged violation of 1.2.3.6 and the language used by the

arbitrator was consistent with the language from section 1.2.3.8.

       The district court granted the District’s motion on September 22, and

returned the case back to the arbitrator for “clarifying by him as to whether he

made a drafting or typographical error in referring to section 1.2.3.6 instead of

section 1.2.3.8.” The arbitrator responded to the request by filing an amended

award. The amended award changed the citation on page fourteen from 1.2.3.6

to 1.2.3.8—no other changes were made.

       On October 3, 2014, DLR filed a motion to vacate the amended arbitration

award. Following oral arguments, on January 28 the district court denied DLR’s

motion to vacate. On February 19, the District filed a motion to confirm the

amended arbitration award. On February 25, DLR filed a notice of appeal from

the denial of its motion to vacate the arbitration award. On February 26, the

district court entered an order confirming the arbitration award, which was
                                           5

appealed by DLR on March 27. The two appeals were consolidated for our

review.

II.     SCOPE AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

        A party may appeal a district court order confirming or entering judgment

on an arbitration award pursuant to Iowa Code section 679A.17(1)(c) and (f).

Section 679A.17(2) provides we review the appeal of an arbitration award “in the

manner and to the same extent as from orders or judgments in a civil action.”

Our review is therefore for correction of errors at law.           Ales v. Anderson,

Gabelmann, Lower & Whitlow, P.C., 728 N.W.2d 832, 839 (Iowa 2007).

        Arbitration is viewed favorably as an alternative to civil litigation because it

“avoids the expense and delay generally associated with traditional civil

litigation.”   $99 Down Payment, Inc. v. Garard, 592 N.W.2d 691, 694 (Iowa

1999). Our law indulges every reasonable presumption in favor of the legality of

arbitration awards. Humphreys v. Joe Johnston Law Firm, P.C., 491 N.W.2d

513, 514 (Iowa 1992). Judicial involvement in arbitration is thus “very limited”

because allowing “courts to ‘second guess’ an arbitrator . . . would nullify the very

advantages of arbitration.” $99 Down Payment, 592 N.W.2d at 694.

III.    MERITS

        A.      Motion to Vacate Arbitration Award

        DLR claims the arbitration award should be set aside because the

arbitrator exceeded his powers (Iowa Code section 679A.12(1)(c)) and

substantial evidence does not support the award (Iowa Code section

679A.12(1)(f)).
                                          6

       Iowa Code chapter 679 regulates arbitration in Iowa and reflects limited

judicial involvement. Once an arbitration award has been issued, a party may

apply to the district court to confirm, vacate, or correct the award. See Iowa

Code §§ 679A.11–13. Section 679A.12 sets forth specific circumstances for

vacating an arbitration award. “The fact that the relief awarded could not or

would not be granted by a court of law or equity is not grounds for vacating . . .

the award.” Id. § 679A.12(2); see also Ales, 728 N.W.2d at 839. “As long as an

arbitrator’s award does not violate one of the provisions of section 679A.12(1),

we will not correct errors of fact or law.” Ales, 728 N.W.2d at 839.

       [A]rbitration decisions are not . . . closely scrutinized. A refined
       quality of justice is not the goal in arbitration matters. Indeed, such
       a goal is deliberately sacrificed in favor of a sure and speedy
       resolution. Under our common-law view, the purpose of arbitration
       is to end disputes without court participation. It is no idle
       coincidence that the words “arbitration” and “arbitrary” are both
       derived from the same Latin word.

Reicks v. Farmers Commodities Corp., 474 N.W.2d 809, 811 (Iowa 1991).

              1.     The Arbitrator Exceeded His Powers

       DLR asks us to find the arbitrator exceeded his powers by finding the

District’s claims were contractual and not negligence claims and, as a result, are

barred by the applicable statute of limitations.

       Iowa Code section 679A.12(1)(c) states, upon application of a party, the

district court shall vacate an award if “[t]he arbitrators exceeded their powers.”

The arbitrator’s power and authority is defined by any arbitration agreement

between the parties and Iowa Code section 679A. Humphreys, 491 N.W.2d at

516. Our supreme court has described the role of the arbitrator, stating:
                                          7

       Put most simply, the arbitrator is the parties’ officially designated
       “reader” of the contract. He (or she) is their joint alter ego for the
       purpose of striking whatever supplementary bargain is necessary to
       handle the anticipated unanticipated omissions of the initial
       agreement. Thus, “misinterpretation” or “gross mistake” by the
       arbitrator becomes a contradiction in terms. In the absence of
       fraud or an overreaching of authority on the part of the arbitrator, he
       is speaking for the parties, and his award is their contract. That is
       what the “final and binding” language of the arbitration clause says.
       In sum, the arbitrator’s award should be treated as though it were a
       written stipulation by the parties setting forth their own definitive
       construction of the labor contract. . . . Absent limitation by the
       parties to the contrary, the arbitrator becomes the final judge of the
       facts and law. Thus, “[m]istakes of either fact or law are among the
       contingencies the parties assume when they submit a dispute to
       arbitration.”

Id. (citations omitted)

       Here, the agreement between DLR and the District included an arbitration

clause. The clause states that “[a]ny claim or dispute or other matter in question

arising out of or related to this Agreement may be subject to arbitration if both

parties agree.” DLR agreed to participate in arbitration after the District allowed it

to choose between arbitration or suit in the district court.

       DLR’s argument on appeal does not claim the arbitrator exceeded his

authority as defined in the agreement, rather DLR argues the arbitrator exceeded

his authority by misapplying the law. Our role, on appeal, is merely to determine

if the district court made an error of law in its application of the grounds listed in

section 679A.12 for vacating an arbitration award. Our role is not to inquire into

the propriety of the arbitrator’s application of the law—we merely determine if he

acted within the powers granted by the arbitration agreement. See id. Upon our

review, we conclude the district court properly found the arbitrator did not exceed
                                          8

his powers due to the arbitrator acting within the scope of the arbitration

agreement.

              2.        Substantial Evidence

       DLR claims substantial evidence does not support the arbitrator’s finding

DLR breached its contract with the District; therefore, the district court should

have vacated the arbitration award.

       Iowa Code section 679A.12(1)(f) states the district court shall vacate an

arbitration award if:

       Substantial evidence on the record as a whole does not support the
       award. The court shall not vacate an award on this ground if a
       party urging the vacation has not caused the arbitration
       proceedings to be reported, if the parties have agreed that a
       vacation shall not be made on this ground, or if the arbitration has
       been conducted under the auspices of the American arbitration
       association.

Here, the parties did not agree “a vacation shall not be made on this ground” and

the arbitration was not “conducted under the auspices of the American arbitration

association.” While DLR had a majority of the arbitration proceedings reported,

the direct examination of the District’s first witness was not reported.

       “Generally, evidence is substantial if a reasonable person would accept

the evidence as sufficient to reach a conclusion.”        Id.   This court does not

consider evidence to be insubstantial merely because different conclusions can

be drawn from the evidence. State v. Dohlman, 725 N.W.2d 428, 430 (Iowa

2006). “[T]he ultimate question is whether the evidence supports the finding

actually made, not whether the evidence would support a different finding.” Id.
                                         9

      The arbitrator found DLR had violated section 1.2.3.8 of its agreement

with the District, which provides: “The Architect shall provide all services in

compliance with requirements of the Contract Documents and in the best interest

of the Owner.” In reviewing the arbitration award, the district court reasoned:

              [T]he Court finds substantial evidence supports the
      Arbitrator’s finding that DLR violated section 1.2.3.8. The Arbitrator
      found that section 1.2.3.8 was breached:
              when [DLR] recommend both the process and
              products to be used in correcting the unlevel floors.
              Had it acted in the best interest of the District, it would
              have warned the District that such products should
              not be used when it should have known that water
              was trapped beneath the floor slab: In addition, [DLR
              did not assure] that a proper bonding agent was used
              to adhere the floor leveling product.
      . . . DLR argues that this finding is incorrect as DLR told the District
      that a moisture test should be performed before the products were
      used. The Court finds that this evidence does not upset the
      Arbitrator’s finding that DLR did not tell the District that the product
      should not be used. Rather, it only shows that DLR put the task on
      a different party to figure out if the product should be used.
      According to the Arbitrator, this placing of responsibility on others
      was not acting in the “best interest” of the District as required by the
      Contract.
              Additionally, the finding that DLR should have known that the
      water was trapped beneath the floor slab if it performed the
      services in the best interest of the District is supported by
      substantial evidence. DLR designed the vapor barrier to go below
      the rock fill. Although the Arbitrator found this was not a breach of
      the Contract, the Arbitrator recognized the drawbacks of this
      design, the potential for moisture to become trapped in the
      aggregate fill. . . . The Arbitrator also noted that the conditions
      were wet during construction. . . . There was evidence DLR knew
      about the wet conditions in April 2003 as well. . . . Therefore, the
      finding that DLR should have known that the water was trapped
      beneath the floor slab is based on substantial evidence in the
      record as DLR chose a design that traps moisture and construction
      was performed during a rainy period.
                                         10

       Upon our review, we agree with the district court’s conclusion substantial

evidence supports the arbitrator’s decision DLR violated section 1.2.3.8 of its

agreement with the District.

       B.     Nunc Pro Tunc Order

       DLR claims the district court erred in granting the District’s motion for an

order nunc pro tunc. DLR claims the District sought to clarify more than a mere

“clerical error,” rather the District sought an order from the arbitrator changing the

basis for his decision.    DLR also claims the requested nunc pro tunc order

requested relief going beyond the parameters of such an order, the requested

relief was untimely, and the requested relief was beyond the scope of limited

relief allowed in Iowa Code section 679A.9.

       Section 679A.9 provides, “On application of a party or, if an application to

the district court is pending under sections 679A.11 to 679A.13, on submission to

the arbitrators by the district court under the conditions the district court orders”

the arbitrator may “modify or correct the award upon the grounds stated in

section 679A.13, subsection 1, paragraphs ‘a’ and ‘c,’ or for the purpose of

clarifying the award.   The application shall be made within twenty days after

delivery of the award to the applicant.” Section 679A.13 (1)(a) and (c) provides:

       1. Upon application made within ninety days after delivery of a copy
       of the award to the applicant, the district court shall modify or
       correct the award if any of the following apply:
              a. There is an evident miscalculation of figures or an evident
              mistake in the description of a person, thing, or property
              referred to in the award.
              ....
              c. The award is imperfect in a matter of form, not affecting
              the merits of the controversy.
                                          11

       In finding the District’s motion was timely, the district court reasoned:

               Thus, this Court finds that there is no time restriction within
       Iowa Code section 679A.9 for the district court to submit to the
       arbitrator to modify, correct, or clarify the award. The arbitrator’s
       authority to clarify the award would include issuing a nunc pro tunc
       award, if appropriate. Further, this construction of the statute is
       supported by the last sentence of section 679A.9, which provides:
       “The modified or corrected award is subject to section 679A.11 to
       679A.13.” Allowing for application to the district court would not be
       necessary if the first use of the word “application” did not mean an
       application made directly to the arbitrator.

       The district court found the relief sought by the District was the kind of

relief contemplated by Iowa Code section 679A.9 and may be permitted.

       We affirm the district court’s decision to submit the arbitration award to the

arbitrator for clarification on whether his decision to cite section 1.2.3.6 instead of

1.2.3.8 was merely a clerical error or not.

       C.     Other Issues

       Finally, DLR claims the amended arbitration decision does not support the

State’s policy of favoring arbitration and the district court erred in granting the

District’s motion to confirm the arbitration award. DLR has not provided citations

for either claim. A party’s failure in a brief to cite authority in support of an issue

may be deemed a waiver of that issue. Iowa R. App. P. 6.903(2)(g)(3) (stating

the argument section shall include “[a]n argument containing the appellant’s

contentions and the reasons for them with citations to the authorities relied on

and references to the pertinent parts of the record . . . [and f]ailure to cite

authority in support of an issue may be deemed waiver of that issue”); see also

Metro. Jacobson Dev. Venture v. Bd. of Review, 476 N.W.2d 726, 729 (Iowa Ct.

App. 1991). We do not consider conclusory statements not supported by legal
                                         12

argument. See, e.g., Baker v. City of Iowa City, 750 N.W.2d 93, 103 (Iowa 2008)

(holding that a party’s “conclusory contention” was waived when the party failed

to support it with an argument and legal authorities). Therefore, we find these

issues waived.

IV.    CONCLUSION

       We affirm the district court’s ruling that concluded the arbitrator did not

exceed his authority and substantial evidence supports the arbitration award.

The district court properly used a nunc pro tunc order to allow the arbitrator to fix

a clerical error in the arbitration award. We find DLR’s other issues on appeal

are waived due to its failure to comply with our rules of appellate procedure.

       AFFIRMED.