Court Opinion

ID: 2773332
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-01-26 20:45:02.575682+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:30:32.634958
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                         DIVISION ONE

DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND                          No. 72462-2-
INDUSTRIES OF THE STATE OF
WASHINGTON,

               Respondent,

               v.

BOARD OF INDUSTRIAL
INSURANCE APPEALS OF THE
STATE OF WASHINGTON; MARK                                                         TO
JAFFE, in his official capacity; JANET                                            O't

WHITNEY, in her official capacity;
CHARLES MCCULLOUGH, in his
                                                                                  CO
official capacity,                                                                en

               Defendants,

TESORO REFINING & MARKETING
COMPANY, LLC,

               Intervenor/Appellant,

               and

UNITED STEEL WORKERS OF                          UNPUBLISHED OPINION
AMERICA,
                                                 FILED: January 26, 2015
               Intervenor.

       Verellen, A.C.J. — Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company, LLC (Tesoro)

appeals from a superior court order issuing a statutory writ of review and directing the

Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals (Board) to allow the Department of Labor and
No. 72462-2-1/2

Industries (Department) to present one month of testimony "in colloquy" regarding 29

citations for worker-safety violations vacated by the Industrial Appeals Judge (lAJ) on

partial summary judgment. Because the Department's right to appeal the lAJ's orders

denying colloquy provides an adequate remedy, the extraordinary remedy of a writ of

review is unavailable.

      We reverse the superior court's order granting a statutory writ of review and

remand to the Board for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

                                         FACTS

      A 2010 explosion at Tesoro's Anacortes oil refinery killed several workers. The

Department issued 45 citations to Tesoro after a six-month investigation. In January

2011, Tesoro appealed, and the Board assigned lAJ Mark Jaffe as the hearing officer.

Tesoro moved for partial summary judgment in March 2012. IAJ Jaffe granted partial

summary judgment for Tesoro, vacating 29 citations. The remaining citations are

scheduled for hearings beginning in February 2015.

       In March 2014, the Department sought to present one month of testimony in

colloquy related to the 29 vacated citations. The Board's regulation authorizing the

colloquy procedure provides:

              Offers of proof in colloquy. When an objection to a question is
       sustained an offer of proof in question and answer form shall be permitted
       unless the question is clearly objectionable on any theory of the case.t1]

IAJ Jaffe denied the Department's request to place evidence in colloquy, concluding

that the offer of proof regulation did not apply. At the Department's request, a senior

        WAC 263-12-115(9).
No. 72462-2-1/3

IAJ reviewed the order denying colloquy and denied any relief.2 The Department then

sought a statutory writ of review in Skagit County Superior Court. Tesoro and the

United Steel Workers of America intervened. The superior court granted the statutory

writ of review and directed the Board to allow the testimony in colloquy.

       Tesoro appeals.

                                         ANALYSIS

       "A writ of review is an extraordinary remedy granted by statute."3 We review a

superior court's order granting a statutory writ of review de novo.4 We review "the

challenged administrative decision on the record of the administrative tribunal, not of the

superior court operating in its appellate capacity."5

       RCW 7.16.040 states the grounds for granting a writ of review:

               A writ of review shall be granted by any court, except a municipal or
       district court, when an inferior tribunal, board or officer, exercising judicial
       functions, has exceeded the jurisdiction of such tribunal, board or officer,
       or one acting illegally, or to correct any erroneous or void proceeding, or a
       proceeding not according to the course of the common law, and there is
       no appeal, nor in the judgment of the court, any plain, speedy and
       adequate remedy at law.

      2 "[Ijnterlocutory rulings of the industrial appeals judge are not subject to direct
review by the board," but a party that receives "an adverse ruling from an industrial
appeals judge [may] request a review by a chief industrial appeals judge or his or her
designee." WAC 263-12-115(6)(a).
       3 City of Seattle v. Holifield. 170 Wn.2d 230, 239, 240 P.3d 1162 (2010); see City
of Seattle v. Williams, 101 Wn.2d 445, 455, 680 P.2d 1051 (1984) ("[Statutory writs
should be granted sparingly when used as a method of review of interlocutory decisions
of courts of limited jurisdiction.").
       4 Nichols v. Seattle Hous. Auth., 171 Wn. App. 897, 902-03, 288 P.3d 403
(2012).
       5 Id. at 904.
No. 72462-2-1/4

A superior court may grant a statutory writ of review only if (1) there is no appeal or

adequate remedy at law and (2) the inferior tribunal, board, or officer acted illegally.6

Both requirements must be satisfied.7

       Tesoro contends that the Department has an adequate remedy by appeal. We

agree. If a party has a statutory right to appeal, a statutory writ of review is

unavailable.8 "The fact that an appeal will not lie directly from an interlocutory order is

not a sufficient basis for a [statutory] writ of review if there is an adequate remedy by

appeal from the final judgment.'"9

       Here, the Department has no right to an immediate appeal to the Board. But

once the IAJ enters a proposed decision and order, the Department may file a petition

for review with the Board.10 The Board reviews an lAJ's proposed decision and order

de novo and can substitute its judgment for that of the IAJ.11 Review extends to

interlocutory rulings, including evidentiary matters.12 Taking testimony in colloquy under

WAC 263-12-115(9) is a form of an offer of proof, analogous "to an 'offer of proof under

       6 RCW 7.16.040.
      7 Commanda v. Carv, 143 Wn.2d 651, 655, 23 P.3d 1086 (2001); State v. Epler,
93 Wn. App. 520, 524, 969 P.2d 498 (1999).
       8 Eg,, Coballes v. Spokane County, 167 Wn. App. 857, 865, 274 P.3d 1102
(2012).
       9 Commanda, 142 Wn.2d at 656 (quoting Epler, 93 Wn. App. at 525).
       10 RCW 51.52.104; WAC 263-12-145.
       11 Rosales v. Dep't of Labor & Indus.. 40 Wn. App. 712, 715, 700 P.2d 748
(1985); Stratton v. Dep't of Labor & Indus., 1 Wn. App. 77, 79, 459 P.2d 651 (1969);
WAC 263-12-145(4)(c) ("After review of the record, the board may set aside the
proposed decision and order and remand the appeal to the hearing process, with
instructions to the [IAJ] to whom the appeal is assigned on remand, to dispose of the
matter in any manner consistent with chapter 263-12 WAC").
          12 RCW 51.52.104-.106; WAC 263-12-145.
No. 72462-2-1/5

Evidence Rule 103(a) and (b)."13 Specifically, the denial of a request to present

testimony in colloquy may be raised in a petition for review.14 Therefore, the

Department may challenge the lAJs' orders declining to take testimony in colloquy as

part of its statutory appeal.

       The Department contends that the issue is likely to evade review because the

Board may reach the merits of the partial summary judgment orders without addressing

whether the testimony should have been taken in colloquy. But on a petition for review,

the Board can determine what its regulation means in this context and fashion an

appropriate remedy if the IAJ improperly denied colloquy. The Board has broad

authority to order the IAJ to take additional evidence.15 Even if the remedy takes the

form of the Board reversing the lAJ's partial summary judgment orders and directing the

IAJ to take additional evidence, that would be an adequate remedy.16

       13 In re Herman L Goddard, No. 95 1468, 1997 WL 316445, at *1 n.1 (Wash. Bd.
of Ind. Ins. Appeals Apr. 24, 1997); ER 103(b) ("The court may direct the making of an
offer [of proof] in question and answer form.").
       14 In re S. Tacoma Nissan. Inc., No. 870448, 1988 WL 169418, at *1 (Wash. Bd.
of Ind. Ins. Appeals Dec. 1, 1988) (determining that an lAJ's denial of the Department's
request to present evidence in colloquy was not prejudicial).
      15 See RCW 51.52.102 ("[T]he board may continue hearings on its own motion to
secure in an impartial manner such evidence, in addition to that presented by the
parties, as the board, in its opinion, deems necessary to decide the appeal fairly and
equitably.").
       16 Additionally, the Department may also appeal the Board's final decision and
order to the superior court where the Department may seek "to adduce additional
evidence" if "such additional evidence is material and . . . there were reasonable
grounds for the [Department's] failure to adduce such evidence in the hearing before the
[B]oard." RCW 49.17.150(1). The superior court then "may order such additional
evidence to be taken before the [B]oard and to be made part of the record." jd.
Although a superior court might decline such a process here, the Department may
pursue that additional avenue of recourse as part of its statutory right to appeal.
No. 72462-2-1/6

       The Department emphasizes the delay in having to wait for a proposed decision

and order before being able to pursue its statutory appeal. While a statutory writ of

review may resolve the colloquy issue more expeditiously, that does not render the

Department's remedy at law inadequate. "Although the writ [of review] may be

convenient, no authority supports its use as a matter of expediency."17 The

Department's theory—that a writ of review is appropriate because it may not seek

review of the interlocutory colloquy orders immediately—"would broaden the scope of

the statutory writ so as to be generally available rather than to be an extraordinary

remedy as consistently held."18 Such a broad use of the statutory writ of review would

be contrary to our Supreme Court's mandate that a "writ of review is an extraordinary

remedy."19

       Therefore, because the Department has an adequate remedy by appeal, we

conclude that the superior court erred in granting a statutory writ of review.

       Tesoro also argues the other prerequisite for a writ of review is not satisfied. But

we need not reach the question of whether the Board acted illegally when it denied the

Department's request to present evidence in colloquy. It seems inconsistent to require

an IAJ to take weeks of testimony in colloquy on citations that have been vacated on

       17 Commanda, 143 Wn.2d at 656.
      18 ]d. at 657 (rejecting the argument that a "'remedy by RALJ appeal is
inadequate because [the defendants] would have to go through unnecessary trials."'
(internal citation omitted)); see also Williams, 101 Wn.2d at 455 ("Since the RALJ
provides a 'speedy and adequate remedy at law' in most instances, we conclude that
statutory writs should be granted sparingly when used as a method of review of
interlocutory decisions of courts of limited jurisdiction.").
       19 Holifield, 170 Wn.2d at 239; Foster v. King County, 83 Wn. App. 339, 343, 921
P.2d 552 (1996) ("This is an extraordinary remedy reserved for extraordinary
situations.").
No. 72462-2-1/7

partial summary judgment when the fundamental purpose of summary judgment is to

avoid an unnecessary trial or hearing.20 Nonetheless, the Board has full discretion to

determine whether its colloquy procedure extends to this situation if that issue is raised

in a petition for review to the Board.

       We also decline to reach Tesoro's alternative arguments regarding venue and

procedural requirements for a statutory writ of review.21

                                         CONCLUSION

       The Department has an adequate remedy by appeal from the lAJ's proposed

decision and order. The statutory writ of review should not have issued because the

Department failed to establish a statutory prerequisite.

       We reverse and remand to the Board for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion.

WE CONCUR:

    6c++A

        20 Jacobsen v. State, 89 Wn.2d 104, 108, 569 P.2d 1152 (1977); 14AKarlB.
Tegland, Washington Practice: Civil Procedure § 25:1, at 100 (2d ed. 2009)
("Summary judgment is a procedural device designed to avoid the time and expense of
a trial when no trial is necessary.").
      21 At oral argument, the Department suggested that it has obtained new evidence
through ongoing discovery that may impact the citations vacated on partial summary
judgment. Nothing in this opinion precludes the Department from filing a motion before
the IAJ for relief from the partial summary judgment orders based upon newly
discovered evidence.