Court Opinion

ID: 4030939
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-02 15:00:24.404715+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:29:35.275892
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     DUANE JAMES BARNES,                             DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         AT-1221-16-0204-W-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS                          DATE: September 2, 2016
       AFFAIRS,
                 Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Duane James Barnes, Pensacola, Florida, pro se.

           Alyssa W. Silberman, Esquire, Jackson, Mississippi, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                              Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
                                 Mark A. Robbins, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     dismissed his individual right of action (IRA) appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
     Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only when: the initial decision
     contains erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                           2

     erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of
     the law to the facts of the case; the administrative judge’s rulings during either
     the course of the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent with required
     procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the
     outcome of the case; or new and material evidence or legal argument is available
     that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record
     closed. See title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R.
     § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that
     the petitioner has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting
     the petition for review.      Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and
     AFFIRM the initial decision, which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R.
     § 1201.113(b).

                                       BACKGROUND
¶2         The appellant is a social worker employed as a Case Manager with the
     agency’s Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System (GCVHCS) in Pensacola,
     Florida. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 1 at 1, Tab 2 at 5‑7, 15. The following
     facts are undisputed. On or about August 13, 2015, the appellant was sitting in a
     waiting area with a veteran who was waiting to be seen by other agency
     employees when the appellant’s supervisor, E.W., approached the appellant and
     directed him to attend a weekly staff meeting. 2 IAF, Tab 2 at 6‑7, 10, 15. The
     appellant refused, asserting that he had to stay with the veteran because he
     believed that she was suicidal. Id. at 6‑7, 10, 15. E.W. reiterated the direction to
     attend the weekly staff meeting, and the appellant again refused, calling E.W. a
     “fool.” Id. at 6‑8, 10, 15.

     2
       The appellant alleged that the events at issue occurred on August 13, 2015. IAF,
     Tab 2 at 1, 3, 6. However, other evidence in the record indicates that the events
     occurred on August 12, 2015. Id. at 7‑8, 10. We need not resolve the precise date that
     the events occurred, because it is not material to the issue of the Board’s jurisdiction
     over the appeal.
                                                                                       3

¶3        On December 11, 2015, the appellant filed an IRA appeal, alleging that, in
     retaliation for his refusal to obey E.W.’s order to leave the veteran and attend the
     staff meeting, GCVHCS officials issued him a verbal warning (reduced to a
     written memorandum) and a separate performance counseling memorandum.
     IAF, Tab 1 at 3. The appellant further alleged that E.W.’s order would have
     required him to violate:    (1) 38 C.F.R. § 17.38, which defines the hospital,
     outpatient, and extended care services that constitute a “medical benefits
     package”; and (2) 38 C.F.R. § 17.49, which establishes priorities for scheduling
     appointments for outpatient medical services and inpatient hospital care. IAF,
     Tab 1 at 3; see 38 C.F.R. §§ 17.38, 17.49.       The appellant did not request a
     hearing. IAF, Tab 1 at 2.
¶4        In support of his appeal, the appellant submitted documentation, including
     correspondence from the Office of Special Counsel (OSC), which indicated that
     he had filed a complaint with OSC alleging that E.W.’s order would require him
     to violate two GCVHCS memoranda, in addition to the regulations cited in his
     Board appeal, and that OSC had terminated its investigation into the complaint.
     IAF, Tab 2 at 15‑19.
¶5        The administrative judge issued a jurisdictional order setting forth the
     burden and elements of proof for establishing Board jurisdiction over an IRA
     appeal, and ordered the appellant to submit evidence and argument regarding the
     Board’s jurisdiction over his appeal. IAF, Tab 4. The appellant’s sole response
     was a pleading certifying that he had served the documentation that he provided
     to the Board on the agency. IAF, Tab 5 at 3. The agency moved to dismiss the
     appeal for lack of jurisdiction, arguing, among other things, that the appellant
     failed to raise a nonfrivolous allegation that he engaged in protected activity.
     IAF, Tab 7 at 3.
¶6        Thereafter, the administrative judge issued an initial decision dismissing the
     appeal for lack of jurisdiction. IAF, Tab 8, Initial Decision (ID) at 1, 5‑6. She
                                                                                       4

     found that the appellant failed to raise a nonfrivolous allegation that he engaged
     in protected activity under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(D). 3 ID at 5‑6.
¶7        The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision. Petition
     for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1. The agency has not responded to the petition for
     review.

                     DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶8        To establish the Board’s jurisdiction over an IRA appeal, the appellant must
     demonstrate that he exhausted his administrative remedies before OSC and make
     nonfrivolous allegations that: (1) he made a disclosure described under 5 U.S.C.
     § 2302(b)(8), or engaged in protected activity described under 5 U.S.C.
     § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D); and (2) the disclosure or protected activity
     was a contributing factor in the agency’s decision to take or fail to take a
     personnel action as defined by 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a).        5 U.S.C. §§ 1214(a)(3),
     1221(e)(1); Yunus v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 242 F.3d 1367, 1371
     (Fed. Cir. 2001); Linder v. Department of Justice, 122 M.S.P.R. 14, ¶ 6 (2014).
¶9        Here, the administrative judge found, and we agree, that the appellant’s
     allegations should be construed as a claim that the agency violated 5 U.S.C.
     § 2302(b)(9)(D), which prohibits an agency from taking or failing to take a
     personnel action based on an employee’s refusal “to obey an order that would
     require the individual to violate a law.” 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(D); ID at 5. We
     further agree with the administrative judge that the appellant demonstrated that he
     exhausted his administrative remedies before OSC regarding this claim,
     ID at 4-5; IAF, Tab 2 at 15‑19, and that a dispositive jurisdictional issue is

     3
        Having dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction on other grounds, the
     administrative judge did not make any findings regarding whether the verbal warning
     memorandum and the performance counseling memorandum constituted “personnel
     actions” under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(A). See ID.
                                                                                               5

      whether the appellant raised a nonfrivolous allegation that he engaged in
      protected activity under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(D), ID at 5‑6.
¶10           On review, the appellant reiterates his arguments that E.W.’s order would
      have required him to violate 38 C.F.R. §§ 17.38 and 17.49. 4 PFR File, Tab 1 at 2.
      However, relying on the Board’s decision in Rainey v. Department of
      State, 122 M.S.P.R. 592, (2015), aff’d sub nom. Rainey v. Merit Systems
      Protection Board, 824 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2016), the administrative judge
      correctly found that 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(D) extends only to orders that would
      require an individual to violate a statute, and not to orders that would require an
      individual to violate regulations or agency memoranda. 5 ID at 5‑6; Rainey, 122
      M.S.P.R. 592, ¶ 11. Furthermore, after the initial decision in the present appeal
      was issued, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit issued a
      precedential opinion affirming the Board’s decision in Rainey. Rainey, 824 F.3d
1359.     The Federal Circuit found that “the protection granted by section
      2302(b)(9)(D) is limited to orders that are contrary to a statute, and does not
      encompass orders that are contrary to a regulation.” Id. at 1364. Thus, in the
      instant appeal, because the appellant did not allege that E.W.’s order would
      4
       Although the appellant incorrectly characterizes these regulations as part of the “U.S.
      Code,” PFR File, Tab 1 at 2, they are instead regulations published in title 38 of the
      Code of Federal Regulations. See 38 C.F.R. §§ 17.38, 17.49.
      5
        Prior to issuing the initial decision, the administrative judge did not notify the
      appellant of the jurisdictional requirement that the order at issue compel an individual
      to take an action barred by statute. IAF, Tab 4; see Burgess v. Merit Systems Protection
      Board, 758 F.2d 641, 643‑44 (Fed. Cir. 1985) (finding that an appellant must receive
      explicit information on what is required to establish an appealable jurisdictional issue).
      The agency’s pleading below alluded to this requirement, but did not provide clear or
      explicit notice. IAF, Tab 7 at 3. However, the administrative judge’s oversight was
      cured by the initial decision, which set forth the jurisdictional requirement, affording
      the appellant the opportunity to meet his jurisdictional burden in his petition for review.
      ID at 5‑6; see Easterling v. U.S. Postal Service, 110 M.S.P.R. 41, ¶ 11 (2008) (finding
      that an administrative judge’s failure to provide an appellant with proper jurisdictional
      notice can be cured if the initial decision puts the appellant on notice of what he must
      do to establish jurisdiction, thus affording him the opportunity to meet his jurisdictional
      burden in the petition for review).
                                                                                             6

      require him to violate a statute, the administrative judge properly dismissed the
      appeal for lack of jurisdiction. 6 ID at 5‑6; see Rainey, 824 F.3d at 1364-65.
¶11         On review, the appellant contends that, in enacting the Whistleblower
      Protection Act (WPA), Congress intended for the right‑to‑disobey provision at
      section 2302(b)(9)(D) to extend to orders that would require an individual to
      violate a regulation. 7 PFR File, Tab 1 at 2. However, in Rainey, the Federal
      Circuit   held   that    the   restrictive   language    chosen     by   Congress     in
      section 2302(b)(9)(D), the legislative history of section 2302(b)(9)(D), and the
      U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Department of Homeland Security v.
      MacLean, 135 S. Ct. 913, 919‑21 (2015), constrained the court to find that the
      protection granted by section 2302(b)(9)(D) does not extend to orders that are
      contrary to a regulation. Rainey, 824 F.3d at 1360-65. Precedential decisions of
      the Federal Circuit, such as Rainey, are controlling authority for the Board, which
      we are bound to follow unless modified by our reviewing court. See Conner v.
      Office of Personnel Management, 120 M.S.P.R. 670, ¶ 6 (2014) (finding that

      6
        After finding that the Board lacked jurisdiction over the appeal because the appellant
      failed to allege that E.W.’s order would have required him to violate a statute, in a
      footnote in the initial decision, the administrative judge also stated that it did not
      appear that E.W.’s order would have required the appellant to violate 38 C.F.R.
      §§ 17.38 and 17.49. ID at 6 n.3. It was unnecessary for the administrative judge to
      make any findings regarding whether E.W.’s order would require the appellant to
      violate a regulation to dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction. ID at 6. Therefore,
      the administrative judge’s statement that it did not appear that E.W.’s order would have
      required the appellant to violate 5 C.F.R. §§ 17.38 and 17.49 is obiter dicta, and we
      need not address it further. See Co–Steel Raritan, Inc. v. International Trade
      Commission, 357 F.3d 1294, 1307 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (stating that dicta are statements
      made by a court that are “unnecessary to the decision in the case, and therefore not
      precedential . . . .”) (quoting Black’s Law Dictionary 1100 (7th ed. 1999)).
      7
        Although the appellant refers to the WPA in his petition for review, the instant appeal
      arises under the WPA as amended by the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of
      2012 (WPEA), Pub. L. No. 112-199, 126 Stat. 1465. PFR File, Tab 1 at 2; WPEA § 202
      (providing the effective date of the WPEA). Prior to the enactment of the WPEA, the
      Board lacked jurisdiction over IRA appeals alleging reprisal for the protected activity
      described in section 2302(b)(9)(D).      Rebstock Consolidation v. Department of
      Homeland Security, 122 M.S.P.R. 661, ¶ 7 (2015).
                                                                                         7

      precedential decisions of the Federal Circuit are controlling authority for the
      Board, which the Board is bound to follow unless otherwise overruled by the
      court sitting en banc), aff’d, 620 F. App’x 892 (Fed. Cir. 2015).
¶12         In sum, for the reasons discussed above, we conclude that the administrative
      judge correctly found that the appellant failed to raise a nonfrivolous allegation
      that he engaged in protected activity under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(D), and
      dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

                      NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                         YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS
            You have the right to request review of this final decision by the U.S.
      Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
            The court must receive your request for review no later than 60 calendar
      days after the date of this order.     See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A) (as rev. eff.
      Dec. 27, 2012). If you choose to file, be very careful to file on time. The court
      has held that normally it does not have the authority to waive this statutory
      deadline and that filings that do not comply with the deadline must be dismissed.
      See Pinat v. Office of Personnel Management, 931 F.2d 1544 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
            If you want to request review of the Board’s decision concerning your
      claims   of   prohibited   personnel   practices   under   5   U.S.C.   § 2302(b)(8),
      (b)(9)(A)(i), (b)(9)(B), (b)(9)(C), or (b)(9)(D), but you do not want to challenge
      the Board’s disposition of any other claims of prohibited personnel practices, you
      may request review of this final decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
      Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction. The court of
      appeals must receive your petition for review within 60 days after the date of this
      order. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(B) (as rev. eff. Dec. 27, 2012). If you choose
      to file, be very careful to file on time. You may choose to request review of the
      Board’s decision in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any other
      court of appeals of competent jurisdiction, but not both. Once you choose to seek
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review in one court of appeals, you may be precluded from seeking review in any
other court.
         If you need further information about your right to appeal this decision to
court, you should refer to the Federal law that gives you this right. It is found in
title 5 of the United States Code, section 7703 (5 U.S.C. § 7703) (as rev. eff.
Dec. 27, 2012). You may read this law as well as other sections of the United
States     Code,    at   our   website,    http://www.mspb.gov/appeals/uscode.htm.
Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is
available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular relevance
is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is contained
within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, and 11.               Additional
information about other courts of appeals can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
         If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website
at   http://www.mspb.gov/probono          for     information   regarding   pro   bono
representation for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal
Circuit.     The Merit Systems Protection Board neither endorses the services
provided by any attorney nor warrants that any attorney will accept representation
in a given case.

FOR THE BOARD:                                  ______________________________
                                                Jennifer Everling
                                                Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.