Court Opinion

ID: 3046556
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Date Created: 2015-10-13 23:19:16.178069+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:05:59.926178
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Opinions of the United
2009 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

3-20-2009

Zeglen v. Pappert
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 08-2096

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Recommended Citation
"Zeglen v. Pappert" (2009). 2009 Decisions. Paper 1716.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2009/1716

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                                                              NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                               Nos. 08-2096 & 08-2256

                                 LANCE A. ZEGLEN

                                          v.

                    GERALD PAPPERT; PAUL EVANKO;
               JEFFREY MILLER; LT. COL. CYNTHIA TRANSUE;
                      JOHN DUBY; FARZAD SHARIF;
                 BARRY TITLER; CHRISTOPHER CARUSONE;
                   NICHOLAS SAITES; DR. RICK BROWN;
             MICHAEL PATRICK; GARRETT RAIN; BROOKE QUICK

                        Lance A. Zeglen, Appellant in 08-2096
                        Brooke Quick, Appellant in 08-2256

             APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
               FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
                           (D.C. Civil No. 04-cv-01940)
                   District Judge: Honorable James M. Munley

                      Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                   March 5, 2009

  Before: BARRY, GREENBERG, Circuit Judges, and ACKERMAN,* District Judge

                           (Opinion Filed: March 20, 2009)

   *
    Honorable Harold A. Ackerman, Senior United States District Judge for the District
of New Jersey, sitting by designation.
                                         OPINION

BARRY, Circuit Judge

       Lance A. Zeglen (“Zeglen”) appeals the March 12, 2008 order of the District Court

granting the separate motions for summary judgment of the appellees, the

“Commonwealth Defendants”1 and Brooke Quick (“Quick”). That order resolved the

only pending federal claims in Zeglen’s complaint: (1) retaliation in violation of the First

Amendment; and (2) malicious prosecution in violation of the Fourth Amendment. The

Court declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the state law claims and

dismissed the matter in its entirety. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and

will affirm.2

                                             I.

       This dispute arises from allegations that surfaced in 2001 regarding inappropriate

sexual contact between Zeglen, a Pennsylvania State Police (“PSP”) trooper then in his

mid-forties, and several female minors. The PSP launched an investigation into these

   1
     The “Commonwealth Defendants” are: Jeffrey B. Miller, Commissioner of the
Pennsylvania State Police (“PSP”) at relevant times; Cynthia Transue, PSP Deputy
Commissioner for Administration; Christopher Carusone, a PSP attorney; and State
Troopers John R. (Rick) Brown, Robert B. Titler, John Duby, Farzad Sharif, Christopher
Saites, Michael Patrick, and Garrett Rain.
   2
     The District Court also declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over Quick’s
cross-claims against Zeglen, and she appealed. She has not prosecuted that appeal, and
therefore No. 08-2256 will be dismissed.
                                           -2-
allegations, in the course of which dozens of potential witnesses were questioned and

physical evidence was collected and tested. The most damaging evidence against Zeglen

was the statement of Brooke Quick, who claimed that she engaged in sexual relations

with Zeglen on multiple occasions when she was sixteen years old. Zeglen steadfastly

denied the allegations to PSP investigators, but was recorded during several phone

conversations with Quick pleading with her not to cooperate with the investigation. At no

point during these recordings did he deny engaging in sexual activity with her.

       In May 2002, the lead-investigator, Trooper John Duby, prepared a criminal

complaint, supported by an affidavit of probable cause, charging Zeglen with one count

of corruption of minors, 18 Pa. C.S. § 6301(a)(1). A state prosecutor reviewed the

complaint and affidavit, and approved them for filing. The matter proceeded to trial in

January 2004, and Zeglen was found not guilty by a jury.

       While the criminal case was pending, Zeglen had been placed under a number of

restrictions by the PSP. After the acquittal, the PSP continued to treat the allegations as

an administrative matter and suspended Zeglen without pay. When the PSP received

reports that Zeglen had attempted to contact witnesses to discourage their cooperation in

the investigation, Zeglen was ordered to cease and desist all future communications.

Zeglen was officially terminated by the PSP in 2004. His termination was upheld by an

arbitrator.

       Zeglen maintains that the allegations of sexual impropriety—and the criminal

proceeding and termination incident thereto—were a pretext for retaliation. Zeglen

                                            -3-
claims that he was dismissed because he vociferously protested the PSP’s planned troop

reduction in 1996 and 1997. Moreover, he contends, high-ranking PSP officials exerted

pressure on the state prosecutor to ensure that he would be criminally charged despite the

lack of evidence.

       The District Court disagreed, stressing the lack of any evidence, aside from

Zeglen’s own testimony, suggesting wrongdoing on the part of defendants. First, with

regard to the retaliation claim, the Court found that Zeglen had failed to show any causal

or temporal link between his protected speech and the allegedly culpable actions of

appellees.3 Turning to the malicious prosecution claim, the Court determined that

probable cause supported the charging decision, which was made by the non-party

prosecutor on the basis of information provided by the PSP investigators. That

information, the Court concluded, was the product of a thorough, reasonable investigation

and there was no evidence, aside from Zeglen’s speculation, to the contrary. On appeal,

Zeglen argues that the Court overlooked evidence raising issues of material fact and

impermissibly resolved key credibility determinations in favor of appellees.

                                            II.

       We exercise plenary review over grants of summary judgment. Ye v. United States,

484 F.3d 634, 636 (3d Cir. 2007). Summary judgment is appropriate where “there is no

   3
     Zeglen’s First Amendment claims are limited by virtue of the District Court’s earlier
ruling on the statute of limitations. Zeglen filed his complaint on August 31, 2004, and
the Court held that all events occurring prior to August 31, 2002 were time-barred.
Zeglen does not challenge that ruling on appeal.
                                           -4-
genuine issue as to any material fact” and judgment may be granted as a matter of law.

Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). The non-moving party must set forth more than its own speculation

or conjecture in order to defeat a motion for summary judgment. See Robertson v. Allied

Signal, Inc., 914 F.2d 360, 382 n.12 (3d Cir. 1990); see also Fedorczyk v. Caribbean

Cruise Lines Ltd., 82 F.3d 69, 75 (3d Cir. 1996).

       Zeglen argues, with reference to the retaliation claim, that the PSP

investigation—which began in 2001—and his eventual termination were undertaken in

retaliation for statements he made in protest of planned troop reductions in 1996 and

1997. We apply a three-step test in assessing this claim. See Hill v. City of Scranton, 411
F.3d 118, 125 (3d Cir. 2005). Zeglen must demonstrate “that the activity is in fact

protected,” and “that the protected activity ‘was a substantial factor in the alleged

retaliatory action.’” Id. (citations omitted). If he is able to make such a showing,

appellees could “defeat [his] claim by demonstrating that the same adverse action would

have taken place in the absence of the protected conduct.” Id.

       Zeglen has failed to demonstrate the causal link between his protected activity and

the retaliatory actions. He cites only his own deposition testimony, in which he relies on

second-hand statements and sets forth his own unsubstantiated version of events. This is

no more than he alleged in his complaint and is patently insufficient to sustain a claim

beyond the summary judgment stage, especially in light of the evidence marshaled by the

Commonwealth Defendants. The record demonstrates, for example, that high-ranking

officers of the PSP had not even heard of Zeglen or his protected speech until after the

                                            -5-
investigation into sexual misconduct had begun. Given the number of years that elapsed

between his speech and the allegedly improper actions of appellees, there is simply

nothing to suggest that the PSP acted in retaliation for that speech. See Estate of Smith v.

Marasco, 318 F.3d 497, 513 (3d Cir. 2003) (noting that, in the absence of a suggestive

temporal link, the plaintiff must come forward with other evidence suggestive of

retaliatory animus). Summary judgment was properly granted on the retaliation claim.

       The malicious prosecution claim suffers from the same lack of evidentiary support.

To prevail on a claim of malicious prosecution, a plaintiff must establish that: (1) the

defendant initiated a criminal proceeding against the plaintiff, (2) the proceeding ended in

plaintiff’s favor, (3) the defendant was motivated by malice, (4) the proceeding was

brought without probable cause, and (5) the plaintiff “suffered a deprivation of liberty

consistent with the concept of seizure as a consequence of a legal proceeding.” Estate of

Smith, 318 F.3d at 521.

       The District Court did not err in granting summary judgment on the malicious

prosecution claim. It is beyond dispute that there was probable cause for the criminal

proceeding to be initiated against Zeglen. Quick, for one, told investigators that Zeglen

had engaged in several acts of sexual conduct with her while she was under the age of

eighteen, an allegation that, if true, would state a claim for corruption of a minor under

state law. Quick’s statements, which, to this day, have not been disputed, were similar to

those of several other witnesses interviewed by the PSP. Moreover, the criminal

                                            -6-
complaint was approved by a prosecutor, and was bound over for trial by the state court,

which, after a preliminary hearing, concluded that there was probable cause to proceed.

                                           III.

      We will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

                                          -7-