Court Opinion

ID: 4541732
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-06-16 17:12:17.202273+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:46:46.589072
License: Public Domain

J-S14011-20
                               2020 PA Super 142

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
              v.                          :
                                          :
                                          :
 LADY U. SAVAGE                           :
                                          :
                   Appellant              :   No. 1345 EDA 2019

                Appeal from the Order Entered April 5, 2019
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                    No(s): CP-51-MD-0001854-2019

BEFORE: BOWES, J., KING, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

OPINION BY BOWES, J.:                                  FILED JUNE 16, 2020

     Lady U. Savage appeals from the April 5, 2019 order denying her

petition for leave to appeal nunc pro tunc. After careful review, we reverse

and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

     The trial court has provided an apt summary of the facts in this case:

     On November 18, 2018, Appellant was operating a gray Mercedes
     southbound on 63rd Street near where it intersects with Lancaster
     Avenue in Philadelphia. A Philadelphia police officer stopped
     Appellant and issued traffic citation [JJ 052507-0] based on an
     alleged violation of [75 Pa.C.S. § 3112]. According to the remarks
     on the citation, the officer observed that Appellant “ran a red light
     traveling [southbound] on 63rd.”

     Appellant signed the citation and it was given to her by the officer.
     Unfortunately, she failed to read it. The citation had listed on it a
     trial date of January 6, 2019, at 9:00 a.m. Although the case was
     listed for a January 6, 2019 trial, it was not heard until January
     16, 2019, at 9:00 a.m. due to what appears to be a clerical error.
     [Appellant], however, did not appear for trial on either January 6,
     2019, or January 16, 2019. On January 16, 2019, the [trial] court
     found Appellant guilty.
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       The court mailed a notice to Appellant at 8[XXX] Fenton Road,
       Glenside, PA 19038.[1] Appellant confirmed that she was residing
       at that address at the time that the notice was mailed to her by
       the court. She denied ever receiving the notice. The notice
       informed Appellant that she had been found guilty in absentia and
       that she had thirty days from January 16, 2019, to take an appeal
       to the Court of Common Pleas.

       ....

       It was not until March 8, 2019, that Appellant filed a petition
       seeking permission to appeal nunc pro tunc. In the petition,
       Appellant checked the box for the delay in filing the appeal being
       caused by non-negligent happenstance or unique and compelling
       factual circumstances.

       After holding an April 5, 2019 hearing, the [trial] court denied the
       petition and entered an [o]rder to that effect. On April 30, 2019,
       [Appellant] filed a timely appeal from the [trial] court’s April 5,
       2019 Order denying the petition.

Trial Court Opinion, 9/6/19, at 1-2 (cleaned up).

       On May 1, 2019, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a concise

statement of errors pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Appellant did not comply.

Nonetheless, the trial court filed an opinion pursuant to Rule 1925(a).2

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1 We have obscured the precise numbers of Appellant’s street address in order
to safeguard the litigant’s privacy.

2  The trial court maintains Appellant has waived her claim by failing to file a
Rule 1925(b) concise statement. We cannot agree. The trial court’s order
directing Appellant to file a concise statement of errors does not comply with
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(3), which requires that such an order specify, inter alia,
that: (1) the statement “shall be served on the judge;” and (2) “any issue not
included in the Statement timely filed and served pursuant to subdivision (b)
shall be deemed waived.” Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(3)(iii)-(iv). The trial court’s
order merely directs Appellant to file a concise statement of errors and sets a
deadline, while neglecting to advise Appellant that she must serve a copy of
the concise statement upon the judge or warn her concerning the possibility

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       Appellant has raised a single question for our consideration: “Whether

the trial court erred in denying Appellant’s motion for allowance of appeal nunc

pro tunc where there is error, negligent acts and a breakdown in court

procedures that demonstrates a violation of Pennsylvania criminal procedures,

Pennsylvania civil procedures, and extraordinary circumstances.” Appellant’s

brief at 3 (cleaned up).

       An abuse of discretion standard governs our review of the propriety of

a trial court’s grant or denial of a petitioner’s request for an appeal nunc pro

tunc. See Commonwealth v. Stock, 679 A.2d 760, 762 (Pa. 1996). In this

context, an abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment, but occurs

when the law is “overridden or misapplied, or the judgment exercised is

manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will as

shown by the evidence or the record.” Raheem v. University of the Arts,

872 A.2d 1232, 1234 (Pa.Super. 2005).

       Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 460 provides that an appeal

from a summary proceeding “shall be perfected by filing a notice of appeal

within 30 days after . . . the conviction.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 460(a).         Instantly,

Appellant had until February 15, 2019, to file a timely appeal from her

summary conviction. Id. Appellant allowed this window of time to expire.

However, Appellant asserts that an alleged breakdown in the court processes

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of waiver. See Order, 5/1/19. These deficiencies in the trial court’s order
preclude a finding of waiver under Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii).          See
Commonwealth v. Bush, 197 A.3d 285, 287 (Pa.Super. 2018).

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occurred and asks that her failure to file a timely notice of appeal from her

summary conviction be excused. In relevant part, Appellant has alleged that

she failed to properly receive notice of her in absentia conviction and that the

trial court erred in failing to grant her relief as a result of these circumstances.

      Appellant filed a petition seeking leave to file an appeal nunc pro tunc

under the theory that her noncompliance is “excusable as it was the result of

non-negligent circumstances and/or a breakdown in the court’s operations.”

Commonwealth v. Alaouie, 837 A.2d 1190, 1192 (Pa.Super. 2003). A party

seeking leave to appeal from a summary conviction nunc pro tunc has the

burden of demonstrating two things: (1) that the delay in the filing of the

appeal was caused by “extraordinary circumstances” involving fraud or a

wrongful or negligent act of a court official resulting in injury to that party;

and (2) that upon learning of the existence of the grounds relied upon for nunc

pro tunc relief, the party acted promptly to seek such relief. Commonwealth

v. Yohe, 641 A.2d 1210, 1212 (Pa.Super. 1994). Overall, the touchstone for

our inquiry is whether Appellant was denied her right of appeal by

circumstances not of her own doing so as to merit the grant of this

“extraordinary remedy.”       Commonwealth v. White, 806 A.2d 45, 46

(Pa.Super. 2002) (citing Stock, supra at 763-64 (collecting cases)).

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       In pertinent part, Appellant has averred that she never received notice

of her summary conviction in the mail,3 and that she would have taken a

timely appeal if she had received such a notification. See Appellant’s brief at

7-8 (“The Commonwealth has not presented any evidence that [Appellant]

was sent or received the [notice] that she was found guilty in absentia.”).

Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 455, the trial court was

required “to give notice by first class mail to the defendant of the conviction

and sentence, and of the right to file an appeal within 30 days for a trial de

novo.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 455(D). A defendant “tried in absentia and found guilty

must be notified of [her] conviction and sentence.” White, supra at 46.

       In pertinent part, Appellant testified that she failed to receive any notice

of her conviction in absentia.            See N.T. Hearing, 4/15/19, at 11-12.

Appellant’s allegation is that the notice of her conviction was incorrectly

addressed and, consequently, she never received it.           See N.T. Hearing,

4/15/19, at 11-12; see also Appellant’s brief at 10 (“[T]he incorrect

____________________________________________
3   Appellant has argued that the trial court should have stayed proceedings
and sent Appellant a summons via certified mail under Pennsylvania Rule of
Criminal Procedure 451. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 451(B). However, her reliance
upon this provision is inapposite. A certified mailing under Rule 451(B) is only
appropriate where the initial notice or summons to a defendant is made via
first-class mail. Id. Appellant was personally served with a copy of the
citation by law enforcement. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 451(A) (permitting personal
service upon a defendant). Accordingly, no certified mailing was mandated.

                                           -5-
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addresses4 that the trial court has for Appellant sheds doubt on whether a

mailed notice was ever received.” (cleaned up)). The specific error referenced

by Appellant is that the notice of her conviction mailed by the trial court was

addressed to 8XXX Fenton Road, Glenside, Pennsylvania 19038, while

Appellant actually lived at 8XXX Fenton Road, Laverock, Pennsylvania

19038.5 See Appellant’s brief at 7-10.

       In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court confirmed that the notice of

Appellant’s conviction was mistakenly addressed to Glenside and not to

Laverock.6    See Trial Court Opinion, 9/6/19, at 1.     However, it avers that

because the remainder of Appellant’s address was correct and the notice was

deposited in the mail, there was a presumption that Appellant received the

notice pursuant to the venerable “mailbox rule.” Id. at 5 (“In the present

____________________________________________
4  The top of the citation issued to Appellant incorrectly identified Appellant as
living at the same street address and zip code, but located in Philadelphia.
See Citation JJ 052507-0, 11/18/18. Immediately below on the same
document, Appellant’s correct address in Laverock is listed as the address of
the owner of the vehicle.        Id.   Aside from the marked difference in
municipalities, the respective addresses are identical.

5 Although we have obscured the precise house number in the interest of
Appellant’s privacy, we note these respective street addresses are identical.

6 The trial court suggests that Appellant admitted to residing at the Glenside
address listed on the notice of conviction. See Trial Court Opinion, 9/6/19, at
1 (“[Appellant] confirmed that she was residing at that address at the time
that the notice was mailed to her by the court.”). There is no support for this
conclusion in the record, as the transcript of the hearing clearly indicates that
Appellant only confirmed her address after noting that she resided in
Laverock, and not in Glenside. See N.T. Hearing, 4/5/19, at 11. Tellingly, all
subsequent mailings from the trial court were directed to Laverock.

                                           -6-
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case, [Appellant] has failed to present sufficient evidence to rebut the mailbox

rule presumption.”). “This evidentiary rule, succinctly stated, provides that

the depositing in the post office of a properly addressed letter with prepaid

postage raises a natural presumption, founded in common experience, that it

reached its destination by due course of mail.” Commonwealth v. Thomas,

814 A.2d 754, 761-62 (Pa.Super. 2002) (quotation omitted, emphasis added).

       Succinctly stated, the trial court’s reliance upon this principle is

misplaced in this case. As noted above, the record establishes that the notice

of Appellant’s in absentia conviction was addressed to an incorrect address.7

Pennsylvania precedent clearly provides that an incorrect address on a mailing

precludes the application of the “mailbox rule.” Id. at 762 n.3 (“[W]e note

that if a mailing is not addressed correctly our Court has held that the

presumption of receipt cannot apply.”) (citing Julian C. Cohen Salvage

Corp. v. Eastern Elec. Sales Co., 206 A.2d 331, 333 (Pa.Super. 1965);

Higgins Lumber Co. v. Marucca, 48 A.2d 48, 49 (Pa.Super. 1946)).

       There is a surprising paucity of case law on this precise issue,

particularly in the context of criminal law. However, our review of the existing

precedent indicates that strict compliance is favored. See Thomas, supra at

762 n.3 (suggesting that the misordering of a party’s name on a mailing would

preclude application of the mailbox rule), Cohen, supra at 333 (incorrect first

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7  The Commonwealth’s analysis relies upon a mistaken presumption that
notice of Appellant’s conviction was mailed to her correct address. See
Commonwealth’s brief at 11. As such, we will not address it further.

                                           -7-
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names on letter invalidated presumption of receipt); Marucca, supra at 49

(incorrect last name on mailing invalidated presumption of receipt).       Read

together, these cases indicate that a “properly addressed” mailing is a firm

prerequisite to the invocation of the mailbox rule, and that even minor

oversights in this regard can preclude its application. Id.

       While these cases do not specifically state that an error in the physical

address may void the application of the rule, such an interpretation is

consistent with the powerful and coercive effect of the mailbox rule, which

cannot be rebutted by mere testimony that a party has not received the at-

issue mailing.8 The obvious mistakes detailed above concerning Appellant’s

address are difficult to ignore in light of the fact that Appellant has testified

that she never received the notice of her conviction.         See N.T. Hearing,

4/15/19, at 11-12.         Moreover, she also acted with due diligence upon

discovery of her conviction.9 Id.

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8 See Murphy v. Murphy, 988 A.2d 703, 709 (Pa.Super. 2010) (“[T]he
presumption under the mailbox rule is not nullified solely by testimony
denying receipt of the item mailed.”).

9   Appellant testified that she received notice of a default as a result of her
failure to make payments in connection with her conviction near the end of
February 2019. See N.T. Hearing, 4/5/19, at 11-13; see also Trial Court
Opinion, 9/6/19, at 2. She filed her petition on March 8, 2019. Id. No bright-
line deadline exists for this analysis. We conclude that Appellant’s action of
filing a petition within approximately two weeks of receiving notice of her
default does not demonstrate a lack of diligence requiring the denial of her
claim for relief. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Liptak, 573 A.2d 559, 561-
62 (Pa.Super. 1990) (holding defendant who waited over three months after
receiving notice of conviction before seeking relief did not act in a timely

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       Based on the foregoing discussion, we conclude that the trial court erred

by relying upon the mailbox rule to satisfy the requirement that Appellant

receive notice of her in absentia conviction. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 455(D). The

notice mailed to Appellant was incorrectly addressed, which precludes the

application of the mailbox rule’s presumption of receipt. Accord Thomas,

supra at 762 n.3.           Moreover, there is no other competent evidence

establishing that Appellant ever received any notice of the conviction.

Accordingly, we believe that it is appropriate to reverse the trial court’s order

denying Appellant’s request for leave to appeal nunc pro tunc. Id.; see also,

e.g., Commonwealth v. Yohe, 641 A.2d 1210, 1212 (Pa.Super. 1994)

(suggesting that failure to receive notice of a summary conviction would

present sufficient grounds on which to grant leave to appeal nunc pro tunc).

       Order reversed. Case remanded for further proceedings consistent with

this opinion. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 6/16/2020

____________________________________________

fashion), abrogated on separate grounds                  Commonwealth         v.
Tarnopolski, 626 A.2d 138, 141 (Pa. 1993).

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