Court Opinion

ID: 2765262
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-12-30 16:03:18.973425+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:30:02.082140
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be
                                                           Dec 30 2014, 9:38 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                        ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

BRIAN R. GATES                                  ROBERT J. PALMER
J. THOMAS VETNE                                 May, Oberfell, Lorber
Jones Obenchain, LLP                            Mishawaka, Indiana
South Bend, Indiana

                              IN THE
                    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

TIMOTHY S. ENDERS,                              )
                                                )
       Appellant-Respondent,                    )
                                                )
              vs.                               )       No. 71A04-1407-PL-332
                                                )
ESTATE OF RANDALL ENDERS,                       )
                                                )
       Appellee-Petitioner.                     )

                    APPEAL FROM THE ST. JOSEPH CIRCUIT COURT
                          The Honorable Michael G. Gotsch, Judge
                      The Honorable Larry L. Ambler, Magistrate Judge
                              Cause No. 71C01-1208-PL-188

                                    December 30, 2014

               MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION

BAKER, Judge
      Timothy Enders appeals from the trial court’s order providing that Timothy and

the estate of his deceased brother, Randall Enders, are each entitled to 50% of the net

proceeds of the liquidation of their family business. Timothy argues that he and Randall

owned all corporate shares as joint tenants and that, consequently, he is entitled to all

proceeds of the liquidation. Finding that a 1991 attempted transfer of shares owned as

individuals to shares owned as joint tenants was invalid, and that the brothers each owned

50% of the corporate shares, we affirm.

                                          FACTS

      The relevant underlying facts in this case were described by this Court in the first

appeal stemming from the dissolution of Enders & Longway Builders, Inc. (the

Company):

             The Company is a general contracting firm that Timothy and
      Randall’s father started in 1981. Their father was the supervisor and
      worked with Timothy, who was a bricklayer and a carpenter, and Randall,
      who was a carpenter. After their father died in 1987, Randall and Timothy
      inherited the Company with each owning 500 shares of stock or fifty
      percent of the Company.
             On June 24, 1988, Randall and Timothy entered into a Buy–Sell
      Agreement. On March 13, 1991, Randall and Timothy executed a First
      Amendment to the Buy–Sell Agreement (the “Agreement”). The
      Agreement provided that “no Stockholder shall . . . in any manner
      encumber or otherwise dispose of the whole or any part of any interest of
      any kind in the whole or any part of the shares . . . or the certificates.”
      Additionally, the Agreement stated that all stocks in the Company “will be
      jointly held” and that upon the death of a stockholder, any shares of stock
      not jointly held “shall be sold and purchased by the remaining Stockholder
      for ONE AND NO/100 ($1.00) DOLLAR per share.” The Agreement also
      provided that before a stockholder could transfer any shares during his
      lifetime, he had to first offer them to the Company or the other stockholder
      “at a price of ONE AND NO/100 ($1.00) DOLLAR per share.”
                                            2
                                    ***
      In 2004, Timothy became disabled, and the business began to wind
down as Timothy ended his active participation in the Company. . . .
       Despite Timothy’s decision to not be involved, he was critical of the
way in which his brother ran the Company. More particularly, Timothy
commented that the business would be more successful if Randall would
“get out of the bed and go to work.” Randall was in bed because he had
been diagnosed with terminal cancer in 2012. . . .
       Because of Randall’s deteriorating health, the business had been
winding down, and Randall had incurred significant medical bills; he tried
to speak to Timothy about dissolving the Company's corporate structure.
The brothers, however, disagreed over the distribution of assets, including
the certificates of deposit owed by the corporation, but over which Timothy
had exclusive control.
       On August 21, 2012, Randall filed a petition for judicial dissolution
of the corporation. The petition alleged that Timothy had not been involved
with the management of the Company in over a year and that Randall
wanted to wrap up the affairs of the Company and dissolve it but Timothy
would not agree. The petition also alleged that the shareholders were
deadlocked in the management of the corporate affairs. The petition
requested that the trial court enter an order dissolving the corporation and
directing the shareholders to wind up and liquidate its business and affairs
or to appoint a receiver to windup and liquidate the business and affairs.
                                    ***
       At the October 11 hearing, Mark McNamee, a CPA who had acted
as the brothers’ individual accountant and the Company's accountant for the
past ten to fifteen years testified. . . .
                                    ***
      McNamee had been advising Randall and Timothy to dissolve the
corporation for several years because the corporation was a “one-man
show,” and there was no legitimate reason to keep the complexity of the
corporation, together with the related expenses, open. Randall could have
just as easily been a sole proprietor. Timothy disagreed with the
recommendation because of the tax consequences of dissolution.
      Randall and Timothy disputed over whether the corporation should
be dissolved. That disagreement created a deadlock in the corporate
management. From McNamee’s experience as an accountant and from an
accountant's perspective, the business affairs of the corporation could not
                                     3
       be conducted to the advantage of the shareholders and directors with the
       deadlock that existed. . . . Put another way, the Company was not sustaining
       itself with its operations, but rather with its existing assets such as
       certificates of deposit totaling $330,000 and forty acres of land in Niles
       with access to the St. Joe River.

Enders v. Enders, 991 N.E.2d 154, 155-58 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013) (internal citations and

footnote omitted), trans. denied. Randall passed away the day after the hearing was held,

but the trial court later granted his petition to dissolve the Company retroactively to the

date of the hearing. Timothy appealed, and this Court affirmed the dissolution. On

rehearing, this Court explicitly noted that its opinion had—intentionally—not addressed

whether the corporation’s shares were jointly owned with rights of survivorship. Instead,

“the issue regarding the effect of the shares certificates should be resolved by the trial

court during the winding up of the corporate affairs and distribution of the corporate

assets.” Enders v. Enders, 4 N.E.3d 667, 667 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013).

       On May 15, 2014, the trial court held a bench trial on the issues of corporate

ownership and asset distribution following the Company’s liquidation. On June 20,

2014, the trial court issued an order providing, in salient part, as follows:

       2.    Petitioner and Respondent each own fifty percent (50%) of the
             outstanding corperate [sic] shares of the Corporation.

       3.    Therefore Petitioner and Respondent are each entitled to a 50/50
             split of the net proceeds of liquidation after the corporate affairs
             are wound up.

Appellant’s App. p. 8-9. Timothy now appeals.

                                              4
                             DISCUSSION AND DECISION

       The trial court’s order is a general judgment, which we will affirm upon any legal

theory consistent with the evidence. Perkins v. Brown, 901 N.E.2d 63, 65 (Ind. Ct. App.

2009). In conducting our review, we will neither reweigh the evidence nor assess witness

credibility. Id. We will reverse only if the judgment is clearly erroneous. Id.

       In 1987, the Company issued identical Shares Certificates to Timothy and Randall,

providing them each with 500 shares of stock. Appellant’s App. p. 90, 93. The 1987

Certificates are signed by the Secretary of the Company and by Randall, as President of

the Company. Id.

       In 1991, an attempt was made to transfer the 1987 Certificates to the Company in

exchange for a new certificate. An assignment provision was placed on the back of the

1987 Certificates. That provision is signed by Timothy and Randall, respectively, but the

line for a witness’s signature is left blank on both documents. Id. at 91, 94.

       The 1991 Certificate, which provided that Timothy and Randall owned 1,000

shares as joint tenants with right of survivorship, was signed by Randall but not by the

Secretary. Id. at 96. Additionally, the 1991 Certificate does not contain the required

restrictive language that is present on the 1987 Certificates: “The transfer of the shares of

stock represented by the within certificate is restricted under the terms of a Buy and Sell

Agreement dated June 24, 1988, a copy of which is on file at the office of the

Corporation.” Id. at 91, 94, 97.

                                             5
          Indiana Code section 23-1-26-6(d)(1) requires that all corporate shares certificates

must be signed by at least two officers1 designated by the bylaws or the board of

directors. The Company’s By-Laws require that all shares certificates must be signed by

(1) the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the President, or the

Vice President, and (2) the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, Secretary, or Assistant

Secretary. Appellee’s App. p. 1. Finally, the Buy and Sell Agreement requires that

shares certificates include a paragraph containing the restrictive language set forth above.

Appellant’s App. p. 27.

          The 1991 attempted transfer of shares from 50/50 ownership to ownership as joint

tenants with right of survivorship fails to comply with the Indiana Code, the By-Laws, or

the Buy-Sell Agreement. Inherent to the trial court’s order is an implicit conclusion that

this transfer was invalid.2 Given our standard of review, we will defer to that conclusion.

Because the transfer was invalid, what remains is the share distribution as it originally

occurred in 1987, with each brother owning 500 shares individually. Consequently, we

find that the trial court did not err by holding that Timothy and Randall each own 50% of

the corporate shares and are each entitled to a 50/50 split of the liquidation proceeds.

          The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

VAIDIK, C.J., and RILEY, J., concur.

1
    Corporations that have only one officer need only have one signature. I.C. § 23-1-26-6(d)(1).
2
  Timothy argues that even if the 1991 Certificate was invalid, the transfer to the Company of the 1987
Certificates was valid, with the result that all shares reverted to the Company itself. We cannot agree, as
the conveyance of the 1987 Certificates to the Company was part and parcel of the transfer transaction.
We find that the entire transaction was invalid.
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