Court Opinion

ID: 4880202
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-08-31 09:25:04.983578+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:01:27.001274
License: Public Domain

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

                                      NO. 03-20-00411-CV

                               Dean Orson Clark, II, Appellant

                                                v.

                              Joanne Crompton Clark, Appellee

              FROM THE 201ST DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY
 NO. D-1-FM-14-005514, THE HONORABLE AMY CLARK MEACHUM, JUDGE PRESIDING

                            MEMORANDUM OPINION

               Dean Orson Clark, II appeals the trial court’s denial of his petition to modify the

parent-child relationship, requesting a reduction in the amount of his monthly child-support

obligation.1 See Tex. Fam. Code §§ 156.401-.409. Because we conclude that the trial court did

not abuse its discretion in refusing to modify Dean’s child-support obligation, we will affirm.

                                        BACKGROUND

               Dean and Joanne Crompton Clark were married in 2008 and divorced in 2015.

During the marriage, the couple had two children, who were four and two years old at the time of

the divorce. In the final decree of divorce, the trial court appointed Dean and Joanne as joint

managing conservators and awarded Joanne the exclusive right to determine the children’s

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          Because the parties share the same last name, for clarity we will refer to them by their
first names.
primary residence. The decree also ordered Dean to pay $1,600 a month in child support to

Joanne and to maintain health, dental, and vision insurance for the children.

               In November 2019, Joanne filed a petition to modify the parent-child relationship,

requesting that the trial court modify the decree’s medical-support provision to require her and

not Dean to maintain medical insurance for the children. Dean filed a counterpetition to modify

the parent-child relationship, seeking to reduce the amount of his monthly child support based on

his assertion that his employment had changed since the divorce and that he was now earning

substantially less income.

               On July 22, 2020, the trial court conducted a hearing on the parties’ competing

petitions to modify the decree. At the hearing, Dean testified that when he and Joanne divorced,

he was earning an annual salary of $102,648 and that after the divorce he “changed jobs a few

times” but continued to earn an annual salary between $108,000 and $202,000 from 2015 to

2019. In October 2019, Dean was terminated from his position as Director of Human Resources,

and following a period of unemployment, he accepted a position as an associate at Charles

Schwab with an annual base salary of $42,000.

               At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court denied both Joanne’s request to

assign to her the responsibility of maintaining the children’s health insurance and Dean’s request

to reduce his child-support obligation. The trial court later signed an order consistent with its

oral pronouncement and, on Dean’s request, filed findings of fact and conclusions of law. See

Tex. R. Civ. .P. 296, 297. The trial court issued the following findings of fact and conclusions of

law relevant to Dean’s request for modification:

       [1]    [Dean] failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that there has
       been a material and substantial change in circumstances to support a modification

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       in child support.

       [2.]    [Dean] failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that a reduction
       in child support is in the best interest of the children.

       [3.]  [Dean] is intentionally underemployed in accordance with Texas Family
       Code Section 154.066.

       [4.]   [Dean] has sufficient assets to pay his monthly child support obligation of
       $1600.00 per month.

       [5.]  It is in the children’s best interest for [Dean] to continue to pay the
       monthly child support of $1600.00 per month.

               Dean timely filed his notice of appeal in this Court.

                                  STANDARD OF REVIEW

               We review a trial court’s order setting or modifying child support for an abuse of

discretion. Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex.1990); In re T.D.C., 91 S.W.3d 865,

872 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, pet. denied). A trial court abuses its discretion when it

acts arbitrarily or unreasonably, without reference to guiding rules or principles. Iliff v. Iliff,

339 S.W.3d 74, 78 (Tex. 2011); Legere v. Legere, No. 03-12-00046-CV, 2013 WL 692450, at *2

(Tex. App.—Austin Feb. 22, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.). A trial court also abuses its discretion

by failing to analyze or apply the law correctly. Iliff, 339 S.W.3d at 78 (citing Walker v. Packer,

827 S.W.2d 833, 840 (Tex. 1992)).

               In modification suits, traditional sufficiency standards of review overlap the

abuse-of-discretion standard. Zeifman v. Michels, 212 S.W.3d 582, 587-88 (Tex. App.—Austin

2006, pet. denied).    Challenges to legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence are not

independent grounds of error but are relevant factors in assessing whether the trial court abused

its discretion. Coburn v. Moreland, 433 S.W.3d 809, 823 (Tex. App.—Austin 2014, no pet.).

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Consequently, to determine whether a trial court abused its discretion, we engage in a two-

pronged inquiry: (1) whether the trial court had sufficient information upon which to exercise its

discretion, and (2) if so, whether the trial court erred in its exercise of that discretion. Id.;

Zeifman, 212 S.W.3d at 588.

               When a trial court issues findings of fact, as it did here, those findings are subject

to review under the same legal and factual sufficiency standards as jury findings. Robbins v.

Robbins, 550 S.W.3d 846, 854 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2018, no pet.); see Sparks v. Rutkowski,

No. 03-17-00452-CV, 2018 Tex. App. LEXIS 6097, at *4 (Tex. App.—Austin Aug. 3, 2018,

no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Ortiz v. Jones, 917 S.W.2d 770, 772 (Tex. 1996)). In conducting

our legal-sufficiency review, we consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the

finding and indulge every reasonable inference that would support it. City of Keller v. Wilson,

168 S.W.3d 802, 822 (Tex. 2015). We will not substitute our judgment for that of the factfinder

and will uphold the finding if the evidence falls within the zone of reasonable disagreement. Id.

Evidence is factually insufficient to support a finding only if the evidence adverse to the finding

at issue preponderates so overwhelmingly against the challenged finding that the finding is

clearly wrong and manifestly unjust. See Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176, (Tex. 1986). As

long as some probative and substantive evidence exists in the record to support the trial court’s

order, there is no abuse of discretion. Coburn,433 S.W.3d at 823; Zeifman, 212 S.W.3d at 588.

                                          DISCUSSION

               In one issue on appeal, Dean asserts that the trial court abused its discretion

by finding that he failed to prove that there had been a material and substantial change in

circumstances to support a modification in child support. Specifically, Dean argues that “the

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overwhelming weight of the evidence presented at trial” shows that his salary has decreased

significantly since the divorce and that “by denying [his] requested relief, the trial court required

[him] to pay child support that exceeds 50% of his net resources.”

               A trial court may modify a parent’s child-support obligation if “the circumstances

of the child or a person affected by the order have materially and substantially changed” since

the date of the previous child-support order. See Tex. Fam. Code § 156.401(a)(1). The trial

court determines whether a material and substantial change has occurred by examining “the

circumstances of the child and parents at the time the prior decree was rendered, in relation to

the circumstances existing at the time modification of the prior order is sought.”            Sparks,

2018 Tex. App. LEXIS 6097, at *5 (citations omitted); Melton v. Toomey, 350 S.W.3d 235, 238

(Tex. App.—San Antonio 2011, no pet.). The party seeking the modification bears the burden

of establishing that there has been a material and substantial change in circumstances by a

preponderance of the evidence. In re N.H.N., 580 S.W.3d 440, 445 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th

Dist.] 2019, no pet.); Downey v. Downey, No. 03-12-00037-CV, 2014 Tex. App. LEXIS 3490, at

*16 (Tex. App.—Austin Apr. 1, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Zeifman, 212 S.W.3d at 589).

               It is left to the trial court’s sound discretion to weigh all the relevant factors when

deciding whether there has been a substantial and material change and whether that change

warrants a modification of child support. Downey, 2014 Tex. App. LEXIS 3490, at *16. Section

156.402 of the Texas Family Code provides that in making this determination, the trial court

may consider the child-support guidelines under Chapter 154. Tex. Fam. Code § 156.402(a).

However, a trial court is not required to modify an order to conform with the statutory guidelines

and, in fact, may do so only if it determines that the modification would be in the child’s best

interest. See id. § 156.402(b). In determining whether to modify child support, the trial court’s

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primary consideration is always the best interest of the child.      Rumscheidt v. Rumscheidt,

362 S.W.3d 661, 666 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, no pet.); Coburn, 433 S.W.3d

at 836 (quoting Rodriguez v. Rodriguez, 860 S.W.2d 414, 417 n.3 (Tex. 1993)).

               In addition, Section 154.066 of the Family Code allows the court to consider a

parent’s “earning potential” if his or her “actual income . . . is significantly less than what

[he or she] could earn because of intentional unemployment or underemployment.” Tex. Fam.

Code § 154.066. A finding of intentional unemployment to underemployment does not require

evidence that the parent’s unemployment or underemployment was for the purpose of avoiding

child support. Iliff, 339 S.W.3d at 83 & n.8. Moreover, “[s]hort term slumps in parental income

are not sufficient to support modification of a child support order.” Watler v. Watler, No. 01-01-

01038-CV, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 2248, at *7 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 13, 2003,

no pet.) (mem. op.).

               After reviewing the record, we conclude that there was sufficient evidence to

support the trial court’s decision to deny Dean’s request to reduce his child support. First, the

trial court found and the evidence shows that Dean has a bachelor’s degree in finance, a master’s

degree in personnel, and has earned half the credits necessary for a doctor’s degree. In addition,

Dean was employed in human resources from 2014 to 2019 in a senior capacity—as a vice

president, senior manager, and then director—and was earning an annual salary of between

$108,000 and $202,000. In October 2019, Dean was terminated from his last position as director

of human resources, and following a period of unemployment, Dean accepted a position in April

2020 at Charles Schwab with an annual base salary of $42,000. Although Dean’s start date at

Charles Schwab was not until August 2020, Dean testified that he has not looked for other jobs

since April 2020, that he did not intend to look for another job, and that he views the position

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at Charles Schwab as having potential for “growth” and promotion. These underlying facts,

including Dean’s education and work experience, are supported by the record and, in turn,

support the trial court’s finding that Dean was “intentionally underemployed in accordance with

Texas Family Code Section 154.066.” See Tex. Fam. Code § 154.066.

               The trial court also heard evidence that Joanne spends on average $516 each

month during the school year for after-school care; $448 each month during the summer for

summer camps; $500 each month for extracurricular activities, such as piano and soccer; and

$352 each month for tutoring. Joanne testified that, if Dean’s child-support obligation were

reduced, she would be unable to pay for these expenses and still provide for the children’s basic

needs, such as food and clothing. We conclude that this evidence is sufficient to support the trial

court’s finding that a reduction in child support would not be in the children’s best interest.

               The undisputed evidence shows that Dean’s annual salary decreased substantially

from 2015, when he was ordered to pay $1600 a month in child support, to July 2020, when the

trial court heard his petition for modification. However, the trial court found that Dean was

intentionally underemployed and that a modification of the amount of child support was not in

the children’s best interest. Both of these findings are unchallenged by Dean and are supported

by sufficient evidence in the record. See McElwrath v. McElwrath, No. 03-14-00487-CV,

2016 Tex. App. LEXIS 3742, at *3 (Tex. App.—Austin Apr. 13, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.)

(“Unchallenged findings of fact are binding unless there is no evidence to support the finding or

the contrary is established as a matter of law.” (citing McGalliard v. Kuhlmann, 722 S.W.2d 694,

696 (Tex. 1986))). In light of these findings and the evidence, we conclude that the trial court

reasonably determined that Dean failed to meet his burden to demonstrate a material and

substantial change in circumstances. See Tex. Fam. Code 156.401(a)(1). In other words, the

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trial court had sufficient information from which it could decide, in the exercise of its discretion,

whether a modification of Dean’s child-support obligation was warranted, and it did not err in its

exercise of that discretion.

                                         CONCLUSION

               Having overruled Dean’s sole issue on appeal, we affirm the trial court’s order.

                                              __________________________________________
                                              Chari L. Kelly, Justice

Before Justices Goodwin, Triana, and Kelly

Affirmed

Filed: August 26, 2021

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