Court Opinion

ID: 4079147
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-10-04 04:43:57.601106+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:35:03.139850
License: Public Domain

J-A22003-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

RICHARD S. FRIEDMAN                             IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA
                         Appellant

                    v.

JAMES A. PASCOTTI AND L’EQUIP, INC.

                         Appellee                     No. 237 MDA 2016

              Appeal from the Order Entered January 21, 2016
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County
                  Civil Division at No(s): 2014-CV-08150-NT

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., PANELLA, J., and JENKINS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY JENKINS, J.:                        FILED OCTOBER 03, 2016

      Richard Friedman appeals from an order striking a judgment by

confession that Friedman entered against L’Equip, Inc. and James Pascotti.

We affirm.

      L’Equip, a corporation, had two owners: Pascotti, the majority (90%)

shareholder and president, and Friedman, the minority (10%) shareholder.

On September 18, 2000, Commerce Bank loaned L’Equip $500,000.00 in

exchange for a promissory note. Pascotti signed the note in his capacity as

president of L’Equip.    The note contained a confession of judgment and

warrant of attorney clause applicable to “Borrower” (L’Equip) and provided

that the “obligations under this note are joint and several.”

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      On the same date, September 18, 2000, L’Equip signed a business

loan agreement.    The agreement did not have a confession of judgment

clause, but it did identify Pascotti and Friedman as guarantors of the loan

and stated that they were each jointly and severally liable for the

$500,000.00 principal sum.

      Finally, on the same date, Pascotti and Friedman signed separate but

identical guarantees that guaranteed repayment of the         note.    The

guarantees had confession of judgment and warrant of attorney clauses

applicable to “guarantor”.

      On July 14, 2005, Pascotti entered into a mortgage with Commerce

Bank and pledged his home in Harrisburg as further collateral for the

business loan.

      On June 16, 2008, L’Equip, as “Borrower”, executed a change-in-terms

agreement in which it agreed to pay the remaining principal balance of

$320,739.26 on the loan in 59 consecutive monthly installments of principal

and interest at a rate of 6.5% per annum, with a final payment of all

remaining principal and interest in the amount of $190,152.28 due on April

18, 2013.

      On August 4, 2008, L’Equip, Pascotti and Friedman entered into a

purchase agreement with Kitchen Resource in which Kitchen Resource

agreed to purchase certain assets of L’Equip to facilitate payment of the

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Commerce Bank loan. The purchase agreement provided that Friedman and

Pascotti continued to remain as guarantors on the Commerce Bank loan.

      On or about May 16, 2012, L’Equip, through Friedman, entered into an

amendment of the August 4, 2008 purchase agreement which reduced the

purchase price for L’Equip’s assets.       Pascotti later “acquiesced” to this

amendment.

      On January 11, 2013, Friedman entered into an agreement with

Commerce Bank to purchase the foregoing instruments -- the 2000

promissory note, the 2000 business loan agreement, the 2000 guarantees of

Friedman and Pascotti, the 2005 mortgage on Pascotti’s home, the June 16,

2008 change in terms agreement, and the May 16, 2012 amendment to the

change in terms agreement -- for $148,460.70.

      On September 8, 2014, Friedman confessed judgment against Pascotti

and L’Equip for $189,148.86, consisting of principal of $148.460.70 (the

amount Friedman paid to Bank for the purchase of the instruments), plus

interest, attorney fees and late charges. It appears from the record that the

sheriff served the confession of judgment papers on September 9, 2014. On

October 9, 2014, Pascotti and L’Equip filed a timely petition to strike or open

the confessed judgment.

      On July 24, 2015, Pascotti and L’Equip moved to admit bank loan

documents into the record as supplemental exhibits. On December 9, 2015,

Friedman stipulated to the admission of most of the documents, including

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documents in which Commerce Bank officials stated that the loan was paid

off in full. In particular, the bank records stated “loan is being paid off with

guarantor’s cash,” “loan paid off and closed 1/11/13,” “the note and all

documents will be assigned to Mr. Friedman in consideration of payment in

full of all principal, interest, and costs of the Metro Bank loan,” and “the

above file has been sold to Richard Friedman, one of the guarantors.         He

already paid the ‘purchase price’.”

      On January 21, 2016, the trial court entered an order striking the

judgment. Friedman filed a timely appeal, and both Friedman and the trial

court complied with Rule 1925.

      Following Friedman’s appeal, this Court directed him to show cause

why we should not quash his appeal.          Our concern was that the order

striking Friedman’s judgment was not appealable, because it appeared that

the order did not end the case but merely resulted in additional litigation

between the parties.    Friedman filed a response to the show cause order,

and the matter was referred to this panel for consideration.

      Friedman raises the following issues on appeal, which we have re-

ordered for purposes of disposition:

      1. Whether or not Friedman’s appeal is proper and can be heard
      when the trial court’s order striking the confessed judgment
      meets the definition of a final order under Pa.R.A.P. 341 because
      it disposes of “all claims and all parties”?

      2. Whether or not the court erred as a matter of law by granting
      [Pascotti’s and L’Equip’s] motion to strike when a fatal defect did
      not exist?

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            a. Whether or not the court erred as a matter of law by
            granting [Pascotti’s and L’Equip’s] motion to strike when
            Friedman was not suing himself but rather a guarantor of
            the note?

            b. Whether or not the court erred as a matter of law by
            granting [Pascotti’s and L’Equip’s] motion to strike when
            Friedman was transferred and assigned the right to
            confess judgment from the bank?

Brief For Friedman, at 4.

      Friedman’s first argument concerns whether we have jurisdiction over

this appeal as a final order.   We hold that the order striking Friedman’s

judgment is immediately appealable.

      In general, an order striking a judgment is not appealable, because

“[s]uch an order anticipates further litigation because the parties are placed

back in the position they were in prior to the entry of the judgment.” UPS

v. Hohider, 954 A.2d 13, 16 (Pa.Super.2008). An order striking judgment

is appealable, however, when its effect is to end the existing litigation and

require the filing of a new action. Id. (worker’s compensation judge ordered

that employer had subrogation interest of $67,223.23 in employee’s lawsuit

against third party, and employer entered judgment in common pleas court

against employee for this amount; court granted employee’s motion to strike

judgment, and employer appealed; order held appealable because it

effectively required employer to file new, separate civil action to enforce its

subrogation rights).

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       Under Hohider’s rationale, the present order striking Friedman’s

judgment is immediately appealable.            Confession of judgment actions are

stand-alone actions; different rules of procedure govern confession actions

than standard contract or tort actions. For example, in a confession action,

the Rules prohibit the confession complaint from having a notice to plead,

Pa.R.Civ.P. 2952(b), whereas civil complaints must have a notice to plead.

As a result, Friedman’s complaint only had a single count seeking confession

of judgment – so when the court struck Friedman’s judgment, the order

effectively ended Friedman’s confession action. He can still file a new action

to prosecute other civil claims,1 but he cannot prosecute these claims in the

present action.

       In his second argument on appeal, Friedman contends that the trial

court erred in striking his judgment, because there was no fatal defect on

the face of the record.         We conclude that the trial court’s decision was

proper.

       A petition to strike a judgment

       may be granted only if a fatal defect or irregularity appears on
       the face of the record. Similarly, we review [an] order denying
       [an] Appellant’s petition to open [a] confessed judgment for an
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1
  Pascotti and L’Equip agree that Friedman can file another action against
them, notwithstanding the order striking the judgment against them in the
present case. See Pascotti’s and L’Equip’s brief at 37 (“even though the
confessed judgment was stricken, Friedman can, and undoubtedly will,
further pursue Pascotti and L’Equip for indemnification under the note and
business loan, as the applicable statute of limitations has not run”).

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      abuse of discretion. In considering the merits of a petition to
      strike, the court will be limited to a review of only the record as
      filed by the party in whose favor the warrant is given, i.e., the
      complaint and the documents which contain confession of
      judgment clauses. Matters dehors the record filed by the party
      in whose favor the warrant is given will not be considered. If the
      record is self-sustaining, the judgment will not be stricken.
      However, if the truth of the factual averments contained in such
      record are disputed, then the remedy is by a proceeding to open
      the judgment and not to strike. An order of the court striking a
      judgment annuls the original judgment and the parties are left
      as if no judgment had been entered… When determining a
      petition to open a judgment, matters dehors the record filed by
      the party in whose favor the warrant is given, i.e., testimony,
      depositions, admissions, and other evidence, may be considered
      by the court.

Hazer v. Zabala, 26 A.3d 1166, 1169 (Pa.Super.2011) (citations omitted).

      Normally, in reviewing a petition to strike, the court is limited to the

record in existence at the time the plaintiff confesses judgment. Hazer, 26
A.3d at 1169.    This rule, however, has one exception: the court may also

consider additional facts admitted by the confessing party subsequent to

confession of judgment.        Peterson v. Schultz, 58 A.2d 360, 363

(Pa.Super.1948) (“when the fact on which the court is asked to strike off a

judgment … is admitted or not questioned, the judgment [may] be stricken

off”). In this case, subsequent to confessing judgment, Friedman stipulated

to the admission of bank loan records into the record. The trial court was

authorized to take these records into account in its review of Pascotti’s and

L’Equip’s petition to strike. Id.

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      With these standards in mind, we examine the reasons given by the

trial court for striking judgment. We agree with the court’s second reason

for striking the judgment:

      The record shows that [Friedman] paid the remaining principal
      balance of the Promissory Note as consideration for the
      assignment from Commerce Bank. An assignment does not
      confer upon the assignee any greater right, power, or interest
      than that possessed by the assignor. … [Friedman], as Guarantor
      of the Promissory Note, satisfied the same by paying the
      remaining balance to Commerce Bank. Commerce Bank cannot
      confess judgment on a Note that has been satisfied. Therefore,
      Commerce Bank had no right to confession of judgment that
      could be conferred upon [Friedman], thus evidencing a fatal
      defect to the record.

Pa.R.A.P. 1925 Opinion, at 3 (citations omitted).

      Under the law of assignment, the assignee, Friedman, stood in the

shoes of the assignor, Commerce Bank, and “succeed[ed] to no greater

rights than those possessed by the assignor.”       Crawford Central School

District v. Commonwealth, 888 A.2d 616, 619 (Pa.2005).              The bank

records that Friedman admitted into the record via stipulation establish that

on January 11, 2013, the date Friedman received the assignment,

Commerce Bank deemed the loan paid in full. Since Commerce Bank could

not have confessed judgment on a fully satisfied loan, neither could

Friedman in his capacity as assignee of Commerce Bank’s rights.

      Friedman attempts to escape this outcome by arguing that he

“purchased” the debt instead of satisfying it.      We agree with L’Equip and

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Pascotti that labeling the transaction as a “purchase” does not overcome the

fact that Commerce Bank treated the loan as paid in full.

     Because we agree with the trial court’s second reason for striking

judgment, we need not address its other reason for this decision.

     Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 10/3/2016

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