Court Opinion

ID: 5140227
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-12-23 17:16:28.709728+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:24:22.152005
License: Public Domain

J-S30017-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    LUIS MANUEL ALMODOVAR-RIVERA               :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 211 MDA 2021

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 30, 2020
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Lebanon County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-38-CR-0001040-2019

BEFORE:      BENDER, P.J.E., McCAFFERY, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY McCAFFERY, J.:                   FILED: DECEMBER 23, 2021

        Luis Manuel Almodovar-Rivera (Appellant) appeals from the judgment

of sentence entered in the Lebanon County Court of Common Pleas following

his jury conviction of one count of attempted possession with intent to

distribute (PWID), cocaine.1        Appellant challenges the denial of his pretrial

suppression motion, arguing his arrest was not supported by probable cause.

For the reasons below, we affirm.

        The facts relevant to Appellant’s suppression claim are as follows.2 Prior

to May 30, 2019, the US Postal Service notified Pennsylvania State Police they
____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1   18 Pa.C.S. § 901(a); 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30).

2At Appellant’s pretrial hearing, the Commonwealth presented no testimony,
but instead rested on the preliminary hearing transcript. See N.T., Pretrial
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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received a package containing cocaine addressed to Appellant’s residence in

Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. N.T., Preliminary H’rg, at 8 (unpaginated);

Trial Ct. Op. 1/9/20, at 2. After notifying police, the post office delivered the

package to Appellant’s address on May 30, 2019. N.T., Preliminary H’rg, at

1, 9; Trial Ct. Op. 1/9/20, at 2.              Pennsylvania State Trooper Clint Long

conducted surveillance on the package after delivery. N.T., Preliminary H’rg,

at 2. Trooper Long observed Appellant in the area “approximately 45 minutes”

after the package was delivered. Id. He stated “it looked like [Appellant] was

conducting counter-surveillance [ ] prior to going to his residence[,] checking

for anyone that could be out of place as far as police officers or law

enforcement.”      Id.    After 15 minutes of “counter-surveillance,” Appellant

“drove to his residence, left the driver’s door open, walked up to the front

stoop, picked up the parcel[,] walked back to his vehicle, [and] closed the

door.” Id. Appellant had the package for “a minute at most” before Trooper

Long arrested him. Id. at 12. Trooper Long arrested Appellant “as soon as

he got to his vehicle [because he] didn’t want a pursuit or anything like that.”

____________________________________________

H’rg, 11/6/19, at 2-3. From our review of the record, it seems neither party
requested a certified copy of the preliminary hearing transcript. An unofficial
copy, typed by the Commonwealth, was included in the reproduced record.
See Reproduced Record at 16a-29a; N.T., Pretrial H’rg, at 2. Appellant
stipulated to the accuracy of the Commonwealth’s typed transcript. N.T.,
Pretrial H’rg, at 5. Upon this Court’s inquiry, on November 8, 2021, the trial
court issued an order making this copy part of the certified record. See Order
11/8/21, Exhibit A. Although the preliminary hearing transcript is not dated,
the docket reveals Appellant’s charges were held for court on June 27, 2019.
We will refer to the transcript as “N.T., Preliminary H’rg.”

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Id. The package contained an amount of cocaine that was consistent with

intent to deliver. Id. at 8. The name on the package was “Manuel Rivera,”

Appellant’s middle and last names. Id. at 3.

       Appellant was charged with one count each of PWID and criminal

attempt. On September 3, 2019, Appellant filed a pretrial motion, seeking,

inter alia, suppression of the evidence obtained as a result of the warrantless

arrest. Appellant’s Omnibus Pretrial Motion, 9/3/19, at 3 (unpaginated). On

November 6, 2019, the trial court held a hearing on the motion.

       On January 9, 2020, the trial court denied Appellant’s pretrial motion,

and the case proceeded to a jury trial on November 19, 2020.            At the

conclusion of the Commonwealth’s case-in-chief, Appellant moved for

acquittal on both charges. The trial court granted Appellant acquittal on the

charge of PWID and the jury convicted Appellant on one count of attempted

PWID. On December 30, 2020, the trial court sentenced Appellant to a term

of 5 to 10 years’ incarceration.

       Appellant filed a notice of appeal and timely complied with the trial

court’s order to file a concise statement of matters complained of on appeal

pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). 3
____________________________________________

3Appellant’s 1925(b) statement alleged six additional issues which Appellant
has abandoned on appeal. The trial court issued an opinion on April 8, 2021,
addressing Appellant’s abandoned claims. See Trial Ct. Op. 4/8/21. The trial
court did not address Appellant’s suppression claim in its April 8, 2021,
opinion. However, it addresses this issue in detail in its January 9, 2020,
opinion, accompanying the order denying his motion to suppress physical
evidence.

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      Appellant raises one issue on appeal:

      Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt erred by denying [Appellant’s pretrial]
      motion to suppress the use of evidence obtained after an
      unconstitutional search and seizure and arrest without a
      warrant[?]

Appellant’s Brief at 4.

      In his sole claim on appeal, Appellant argues the Commonwealth

presented no evidence the package containing cocaine was mailed to him or

that he knew its contents. Appellant’s Brief at 10. Appellant avers his name

was not on the package, but it was merely “a name close to” his. Id. He

maintains that because Trooper Long did not “wait to observe [his] reaction”

upon opening the package, there was no evidence he knew the package

contained cocaine.    Id. at 10-11.   Appellant contends Trooper Long thus

“acted without probable cause” in his arrest. Id. at 11. Appellant states the

trial court erred when it “relied heavily” on post-arrest evidence and evidence

not admitted at the preliminary or pretrial hearings. Id. Further, Appellant

contends that under Commonwealth v. Alexander, 243 A.3d 177 (Pa.

2020), a warrantless vehicle search requires both probable cause and exigent

circumstances. Id. at 10.

      Our standard of review is well-settled:

         Our standard of review in addressing a challenge to a trial
         court’s denial of a suppression motion is whether the factual
         findings are supported by the record and whether the legal
         conclusions drawn from those facts are correct. When
         reviewing the ruling of a suppression court, we must
         consider only the evidence of the prosecution and so much
         of the evidence of the defense as remains uncontradicted
         when read in the context of the record as a whole. Where

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           the record supports the findings of the suppression court,
           we are bound by those facts and may reverse only if the
           legal conclusions drawn therefrom are in error.

        It is within the suppression court’s sole province as factfinder to
        pass on the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given
        their testimony.

Commonwealth v. Clemens, 66 A.3d 373, 378 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citations

and punctuation omitted).

        This Court has stated:

        Probable cause is made out when the facts and circumstances
        which are within the knowledge of the officer at the time of the
        [stop], and of which he has reasonably trustworthy information,
        are sufficient to warrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief
        that the suspect has committed or is committing a crime. The
        question we ask is not whether the officer’s belief was correct or
        more likely true than false. Rather, we require only a probability,
        and not a prima facie showing, of criminal activity. In determining
        whether probable cause exists, we apply a totality of the
        circumstances test.

Commonwealth v. Bozeman, 205 A.3d 1264, 1277 (Pa. Super. 2019)

(emphasis and citation omitted).

        In the instant case, Appellant challenges whether police had probable

cause to effectuate his arrest based on the information known to them at the

time.    The trial court found the following factors supported a finding of

probable cause:       (1) the package was addressed to and delivered to

Appellant’s home; (2) the package was addressed to Appellant’s middle and

last names, “Manuel Rivera;” (3) Appellant “spent approximately [15] minutes

surveilling   the   package,     seemingly   to   ensure   the   absence   of   law

enforcement[;]” and (4) when Appellant went to obtain the package, he

“parked his vehicle near the residence[ ], left the driver’s side door open,

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retrieved the package and, attempted to drive away[.]”4 Trial Ct. Op. at 5-6.

We agree with the trial court that the Commonwealth established probable

cause for Appellant’s arrest.

       The United States Post Office notified the police that they intercepted a

package with a large amount of cocaine. N.T., Preliminary H’rg, at 8; Trial Ct.

Op. 1/9/20, at 2. After receiving this tip, Trooper Long set up a controlled

delivery where he observed Appellant engaging in “counter-surveillance” of

the package. N.T., Preliminary H’rg, at 2; Trial Ct. Op. 1/9/20, at 2. Trooper

Long has been a Pennsylvania State Trooper since 2010 where he has

participated in drug law enforcement strike force units, received “specialized

training in drug deliveries, identification[,] and use[,]” and “has filed charges

on individuals who possessed controlled substances with the intent to deliver

more than [25] times.” N.T., Preliminary H’rg, at 3, 5-7; Trial Ct. Op. at 6.

Trooper Long knew the package contained cocaine before approaching

Appellant.    Thus, under the totality of the circumstances, based upon the

“reasonably trustworthy information” about the package contents, and

Appellant’s behavior “indicative of someone who knew that contraband was
____________________________________________

4 The trial court also relied on screenshots tracking the package, which were
obtained from Appellant’s phone after his arrest. This information cannot
retroactively be applied to a probable cause determination. See Bozeman,
205 A.3d at 1277 (“Probable cause is made out when the facts and
circumstances which are within the knowledge of the officer at the time of
the [stop]” are sufficient to establish a crime was committed) (emphasis
added). Nevertheless, Trooper Lang’s knowledge and observations before the
arrest, without the information from Appellant’s phone, rose to the level of
probable cause.

                                           -6-
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located” in the package,    we agree with the trial court’s conclusion that

Trooper Long had probable cause to arrest Appellant. Trial Ct. Op. at 5, 8;

see Bozeman, 205 A.2d at 1277. The combination of this reliable information

and observation of Appellant gave Trooper Lang a reasonable “belief that

[Appellant had] committed or [was] committing a crime.” See Bozeman,

205 A.2d at 1277.

      With regard to Appellant’s contention that the Supreme Court’s recent

decision in Alexander is applicable, we remind Appellant that Alexander

applies to the search of vehicles.       In this appeal, Appellant does not

challenge the search of his vehicle, but only the search of his person.

Appellant fails to argue how Alexander applies to the present facts. Thus,

we do not reach this claim. See Commonwealth v. Murchinson, 899 A.2d

1159, 1162 (Pa. Super. 2006) (finding waiver where Appellant did not develop

meaningful argument).

      Furthermore, to the extent that Appellant argues the Commonwealth

did not present evidence that he knew the contents of the package, this claim

goes to the weight and sufficiency of the evidence supporting his conviction,

not whether the officers had probable cause to arrest him. Appellant does not

challenge the weight or sufficiency of the evidence on appeal, nor does he cite

to any legal authority supporting any such claim.     Thus, this claim is also

waived. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) (appellant’s argument must cite to authorities

as are deemed pertinent); see Murchinson, 899 A.2d at 1162.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 12/23/2021

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