Court Opinion

ID: 4688965
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-05-21 14:06:38.182867+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:04:51.258357
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: MAY 14, 2021; 10:00 A.M.
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

           Commonwealth of Kentucky
                  Court of Appeals

                    NO. 2019-CA-1496-MR

JOSEPHINE MCCLURE,
INDIVIDUALLY, AS
ADMINISTRATRIX OF THE ESTATE
OF JAMES E. MCCLURE, AND AS
ADMINISTRATRIX OF THE ESTATE
OF CHARLES MCCLURE; EDWARD
MCCLURE; NANCY MCCLURE
DAVIS; RICHARD MCCLURE;
NATHAN MCCLURE; WANDA
MCCLURE DRY; MARK MCCLURE;
ESTATE OF VERLA MCCLURE;
ESTATE OF PHILIP L. MCCLURE;
AND MARY ANN MCCLURE
COLLINS, AS ADMINISTRATRIX OF
THE ESTATE OF STANLEY R.
MCCLURE, SR.                                      APPELLANTS

            APPEAL FROM RUSSELL CIRCUIT COURT
v.         HONORABLE VERNON MINIARD, JR., JUDGE
                   ACTION NO. 10-CI-00697

MCCLURE CORPORATION; JERRI
MCCLURE FRENCH,
INDIVIDUALLY, AS REGISTERED
AGENT FOR MCCLURE
CORPORATION, AND AS
EXECUTRIX OF THE ESTATE OF
STANLEY MCCLURE, JR.; MITZA
MCCLURE SMITH, AS EXECUTRIX
OF THE ESTATE OF STELLA SIMS
MCCLURE; LATISHA MCCLURE,
INDIVIDUALLY AND AS
EXECUTRIX OF THE ESTATE OF
BART MCCLURE; AND SUSAN
MCCLURE MAYBERRY                                                        APPELLEES

                                     OPINION
                                    AFFIRMING

                                   ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: ACREE, DIXON, AND MCNEILL, JUDGES.

DIXON, JUDGE: Josephine McClure, individually, and as Administratrix of the

Estates of James E. McClure and Charles McClure; Edward McClure; Nancy

McClure Davis; Richard McClure; Nathan McClure; Wanda McClure Dry; Mark

McClure; Estates of Verla McClure and Philip L. McClure; and Mary Ann

McClure Collins, as Administratrix of the Estate of Stanley R. McClure, Sr.,

appeal from several orders entered by the Russell Circuit Court. Following a

careful review of the record, briefs, and law, we affirm.

                FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

             This case consists of many parties with varying versions of events and

interpretations of the law. In an effort to provide clarity, rather than promote

confusion, we choose to discuss only the most relevant facts to this appeal and

                                         -2-
avoid recitation of extraneous information to the greatest extent possible. Our aim

is neither to oversimplify nor overcomplicate the facts or applicable law herein.

             According to its Articles of Incorporation, McClure Corporation was

formed and organized in February 1962 “[t]o engage in the business[] of farming;

mining of gravel and any other product; buying, selling and leasing of farm lands;

buying, selling, manufacturing or leasing all types of property and products,

whether or not related to any of the foregoing purposes.” In this document,

Stanley was issued 250 shares of corporate stock. Apparently, the sole property

owned by the corporation consisted of approximately 324 acres of land originally

owned by Stanley, Sr., and Verla, and transferred to the corporation on April 7,

1962. Stanley used this transfer as consideration for the 250 shares of McClure

Corporation stock previously issued to him. Stanley then, in turn, assigned half of

these shares to his wife, Verla. These shares were issued via the corporation’s

stock certificate number one on April 7, 1962. On that date, the first meeting of

stockholders was held, and bylaws were adopted. Stanley, Verla, James, and Leon

were recorded as present. While the minutes of that meeting indicate each of the

four present was given 250 votes, no accompanying recorded shares were issued to

Verla, James, or Leon. In fact, the minutes authorize the issuance of only 250

shares to Stanley and Verla in consideration of the ownership transfer of their

farm.

                                         -3-
             Subsequently, and inexplicably, on April 27, 1962, the original stock

issued to Stanley and Verla via certificate number one was cancelled, as noted in

writing on the face of the certificate. Instead, 15 shares were issued to each of

Stanley and Verla’s seven children,1 via stock certificate numbers two through

eight. Stock certificate number nine certified 145 shares of McClure Corporation

stock was reissued to Stanley and Verla, thus distributing 250 shares of corporate

stock.

             Thereafter, corporate minutes provide little information about its

operation or ownership of its stock in the ensuing years. On June 5, 1972,

annotations on the stock certificates indicate that all McClure Corporation stock

was transferred to Bobby, Leon, and Willis.

             Subsequently, on November 20, 1986, after Leon passed away, his

widow, Janis, transferred his shares to Bobby and Willis, who then became the

only two remaining stockholders of McClure Corporation.

             Eventually, in May 1990, Bobby filed a petition for dissolution of

McClure Corporation. As a result of an agreement reached during that litigation,

1
 Stanley (“Bobby”) McClure, Jr.; James McClure; Leon McClure; Willis McClure; Philip
McClure; Gladys Carnes; and Mary Ann Grider.

                                           -4-
Willis transferred all his shares to Bobby, who then became the sole shareholder on

November 22, 1991.2

               Over 19 years later, on December 29, 2010, this action was filed

alleging conversion, fraud and misrepresentation by concealment, fraudulent

conveyances, breach of fiduciary duties, and requesting a declaration of rights. It

is unclear from the record what precipitated this action. Nevertheless, the plaintiffs

(the Estates of Stanley and Verla; their only living children, Gladys and Mary, as

well as the Estates of Phillip and James; James’s widow, Josephine; and James’s

living children—Edward, Nancy, Richard, Nathan, Wanda, and Mark—and the

Estate of his son, Charles) filed this declaration of rights suit against the Estates of

Bobby and Leon; Willis’s widow, Stella;3 Bobby’s living children, Jerri and Susan,

and the Estate of his son, Bart, as well as Bart’s widow, Latisha;4 and McClure

2
   On February 15, 1999, Bobby purported to convey 333 shares of McClure Corporation stock to
each of his three children: Jerri McClure, Susan Mayberry, and Bart McClure. Another lawsuit
is pending in Russell Circuit Court regarding the changes of ownership of shares which occurred
after this date. On December 27, 1999, Bobby purportedly transferred all shares to Jerri. On
December 27, 2000, Jerri’s siblings transferred any shares they may or may not have had to Jerri,
making her the sole stockholder of McClure Corporation. For purposes of this litigation, no
proof has been presented that more than 250 shares were ever subscribed to, paid for, or issued.
3
  Mitza McClure Smith is the only child of Willis and Stella. Willis passed away long before
this litigation began. Stella was originally a defendant to this lawsuit but has also since passed.
Consequently, Mitza, as the administratrix of her mother’s estate, was substituted as a defendant
in this action.
4
  Latisha has also been referred to as “Lutisha” in this action. We choose to refer to her here as
her name appears in the complaint.

                                                -5-
Corporation, alleging defendants had fraudulently obtained all shares of McClure

Corporation to the plaintiffs’ detriment. The plaintiffs asked the trial court to

declare them owners of shares of McClure Corporation stock and to grant them

access to the corporate records.

             On August 7, 2019, Mitza moved the trial court to dismiss the action

or, in the alternative, for summary judgment. She filed an affidavit in conjunction

with her motion asserting that Bobby and Willis were the sole shareholders of

McClure Corporation after November 20, 1986. On August 12, 2019, Jerri and

McClure Corporation also moved the trial court to dismiss the action or, in the

alternative, for summary judgment. They rely on the agreed order in the corporate

dissolution case in which Bobby became the sole shareholder on November 22,

1991, as proof the plaintiffs in the case herein have no claim to McClure

Corporation. On September 4, 2019, after the matter was briefed and argued, the

trial court granted Jerri’s and McClure Corporation’s motion for summary

judgment. Thereafter, on September 10, 2019, the trial court granted Mitza’s

motion for summary judgment. This appeal followed.

                            STANDARD OF REVIEW

             Summary judgment is appropriate “if the pleadings, depositions,

answers to interrogatories, stipulations, and admissions on file, together with the

affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and

                                          -6-
that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” CR5 56.03. An

appellate court’s role in reviewing a summary judgment is to determine whether

the trial court erred in finding no genuine issue of material fact exists and the

moving party was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Scifres v. Kraft, 916

S.W.2d 779, 781 (Ky. App. 1996). A grant of summary judgment is reviewed de

novo because factual findings are not at issue. Pinkston v. Audubon Area Cmty.

Servs., Inc., 210 S.W.3d 188, 189 (Ky. App. 2006) (citing Blevins v. Moran, 12

S.W.3d 698, 700 (Ky. App. 2000)).

                                         ANALYSIS

                Appellants maintain the trial court erred by granting Appellees’

motions for summary judgment. Their first basis for attacking the trial court’s

orders is that the trial court initially erred by finding stock certificate number one,

issued to Stanley and Verla on April 7, 1962, was cancelled and that its shares

were reissued. They assert the stock issued in certificate number one was never

actually cancelled and is to be treated as lost stock, citing Will’s Administrator v.

George Wiedemann Brewing Company, 171 Ky. 681, 188 S.W. 778 (1916). That

case, however, is clearly not analogous to the case herein as the record is replete

with copies of certificate one, which was never lost. In fact, a copy of that

certificate with the notation “Cancelled 4/27/62” is attached as Exhibit 5 to

5
    Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.

                                            -7-
Appellants’ brief. Moreover, no additional payment or subscription was made for

the second set of 250 stocks to be issued. Thus, there is a strong inference 250

shares were issued only once.

             Appellees cite C.I.R. v. Landers Corporation, 210 F.2d 188 (6th Cir.

1954), in support of the trial court’s finding that stock certificates two through nine

were simply a replacement and reissuance of stocks purchased and later cancelled

via certificate number one. In relevant part, that Court held:

             The ‘cancellation’ of the paper certificates did not cancel
             the stock. It is the usual practice for old certificates to be
             surrendered by a purchaser to the corporation and such
             old certificates are either marked cancelled or treated as
             cancelled thereafter by the corporation who recognizes
             the purchaser as the new stockholder. The new purchaser
             becomes the stockholder in substitution for the selling
             stockholder. The issuance of a new certificate is not
             necessary to create the status of stockholder, the
             certificate being merely the evidence of the relationship.

Id. at 192. Here, certificate number one was surrendered to McClure Corporation,

and its cancellation was noted on its face on the date the replacement stocks and

new certificates were issued. Although the purchaser and payment remained the

same, new certificates were issued to evince the new ownership of Stanley and

Verla’s children of corporate stock and the respective number held by each

shareholder. “To hold that these formalities, or the lack of them, should change the

actual character of the transaction, subordinates substance to form and ignores

realities.” Knop v. United States, 234 F.2d 760, 765 (8th Cir. 1956) (citation

                                          -8-
omitted). Accordingly, the trial court did not err in its holding that stock certificate

one was, in fact, cancelled and stock certificates two through nine represent the

reissuance of the same stock to the designated shareholders.

             Appellants next contend Appellees have presented no evidence to

support their arguments, which are based upon pure speculation. Appellants’

contentions are not supported by the record, however. Corporate documents

attached as exhibits to the complaint and those produced during discovery (such as

copies of the stock certificates and corporate meeting minutes) and other

documents that are a matter of public record (such as the agreed order regarding

stock ownership in the corporate dissolution case) all serve as ample and reliable

evidence supporting the arguments of Appellees and the grants of summary

judgment by the trial court.

             Appellants further argue the trial court erred by ignoring disputed

facts in granting summary judgments in favor of Appellees. More specifically,

they argue summary judgment was improper due to genuine issues of material fact

regarding the existence and ownership of 750 additional shares of McClure

Corporation stock. However, not one scintilla of reliable evidence has been

produced that these additional stocks were ever subscribed to or paid for. Instead,

Appellants rely on an unsworn document, titled Share Transfer Ledger, to support

their claims regarding the existence of these additional shares. It is unknown who

                                          -9-
authored this document or when it was created. Furthermore, it is beyond dispute

the document is riddled with inaccuracies and mistakes. Appellants also rely on an

excerpt from Jerri’s deposition, taken out of context, to support their assertion that

1,000 shares of corporate stock were issued. What is clear is that no stock

certificates were ever issued to James and Leon on April 7, 1962. The order of

stock certificate numbers clearly establishes this fact. After the first certificate was

cancelled, the very next number—two—was issued to Mary Ann. Thus,

sequentially, no stock certificates were issued in between. Consequently, there is

simply insufficient evidence to survive Appellees’ well-supported motions for

summary judgment on this issue.

                Appellants’ final argument is their causes of action were neither

barred by statutes of limitation nor laches. However, Appellants point to no

specific event giving rise to their concerns of fraud. KRS6 413.130(3) provides:

                In an action for relief or damages for fraud or mistake,
                referred to in subsection (11) of KRS 413.120, the cause
                of action shall not be deemed to have accrued until the
                discovery of the fraud or mistake. However, the action
                shall be commenced within ten (10) years after the time
                of making the contract or the perpetration of the fraud.

6
    Kentucky Revised Statutes.

                                           -10-
Here, ownership of McClure Corporation stock became a matter of public record in

the corporate dissolution suit. On November 22, 1991, the trial court entered an

agreed order stating Bobby was the sole owner of all the corporation’s stock.

Thus, the discovery clock began ticking no later than November 22, 1991. The

facts became a matter of public record, and knowledge will be ascribed with the

entry of the agreed order. Plaintiffs must exercise ordinary diligence to discover

fraud. Dye v Holland, 67 Ky. 635, 1869 WL 3938 (1868); Skaggs v Vaughn, 550

S.W.2d 574 (Ky. App. 1977). Where fraud is discoverable as a matter of public

record, ignorance of such public record does not prevent the running of the statute

of limitations. Stepp v. Stepp, 288 S.W.2d 337 (Ky. 1956). This suit was filed

over 19 years after ownership of the stock was judicially determined. Therefore,

Appellants’ fraud claims are clearly time-barred under the applicable statutes of

limitations.

               Concerning laches, it is well-established:

                     “Laches” in its general definition is laxness; an
               unreasonable delay in asserting a right. In its legal
               significance, it is not merely delay, but delay that results
               in injury or works a disadvantage to the adverse party.
               Thus there are two elements to be considered. As to
               what is unreasonable delay is a question always
               dependent on the facts in the particular case. Where the
               resulting harm or disadvantage is great, a relative brief
               period of delay may constitute a defense while a similar
               period under other circumstances may not. What is the
               equity of the case is the controlling question. Courts of
               chancery will not become active except on the call of

                                           -11-
             conscience, good faith, and reasonable diligence. The
             doctrine of laches is, in part, based on the injustice that
             might or will result from the enforcement of a neglected
             right.

City of Paducah v. Gillispie, 273 Ky. 101, 115 S.W.2d 574, 575 (1938) (citations

omitted). Appellants have not and cannot offer any justification for their

unreasonable delay in bringing the instant action. Moreover, most—if not all—of

the parties with knowledge of issuance of McClure Corporation stock are no longer

living. As such, the trial court did not err in dismissing Appellants’ claims.

             As a final note, we observe Appellants’ failure to present any other

arguments on appeal constitutes abandonment and/or waiver of those issues. “An

appellant’s failure to discuss particular errors in his brief is the same as if no brief

at all had been filed on those issues.” Milby v. Mears, 580 S.W.2d 724, 727 (Ky.

App. 1979) (citation omitted). Thus, we need not discuss those issues.

                                   CONCLUSION

             Therefore, and for the foregoing reasons, the orders of the Russell

Circuit Court are AFFIRMED.

             ALL CONCUR.

                                          -12-
BRIEF FOR APPELLANTS:     BRIEF FOR APPELLEES, JERRI
                          MCCLURE AND MCCLURE
Wanda McClure Dry         CORPORATION:
Danville, Kentucky
                          R. Aaron Hostettler
                          London, Kentucky

                          BRIEF FOR APPELLEE, MITZA
                          MCCLURE SMITH:

                          H. K. Cooper
                          Jamestown, Kentucky

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