Court Opinion

ID: 4204791
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-09-20 16:15:54.412003+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:41:15.410195
License: Public Domain

J-S51001-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN RE: ADOPTION OF: O.R.L., A MINOR            IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                     PENNSYLVANIA

                   v.

APPEAL OF: J.A.L., FATHER

                                                    No. 844 EDA 2017

                Appeal from the Judgment February 3, 2017
           In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
                   Orphans' Court at No(s): 2016-AO185

IN RE: ADOPTION OF: K.N.L., A MINOR            IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                     PENNSYLVANIA

                   v.

APPEAL OF: J.A.L., FATHER

                                                    No. 846 EDA 2017

               Appeal from the Order Dated February 3, 2017
           In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
                   Orphans' Court at No(s): 2016-AO184

IN RE: ADOPTION OF: A.H.L., A MINOR            IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                     PENNSYLVANIA

                   v.

APPEAL OF: J.A.L., FATHER

                                                    No. 853 EDA 2017

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S51001-17

                  Appeal from the Order Dated February 3, 2017
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
                      Orphans' Court at No(s): 2016-AO183

IN RE: ADOPTION OF: H.D.L., A MINOR                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                             PENNSYLVANIA

                       v.

APPEAL OF: J.A.L., FATHER

                                                               No. 862 EDA 2017

                  Appeal from the Order Dated February 3, 2017
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
                      Orphans' Court at No(s): 2016-AO182

BEFORE: BOWES, J., SHOGAN, J., AND STEVENS, P.J.E.,*

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                              FILED SEPTEMBER 20, 2017

       J.A.L. (“Father”) appeals from the orphans’ court order terminating his

parental rights to his four children, K.N.L. (born September 2004), O.R.L.

(born April 2008), A.H.L. (born January 2010), and H.D.L. (born October

2013) pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a) and (b). We affirm.

       All   four   children   were    born    of   Father’s   relationship   with   C.G

(“Mother”).1 Both parents have debilitating drug addictions that required the

____________________________________________

1
  On the same date, the orphans’ court terminated the parental rights of
C.G. (“Mother”) to all four children. Both parents filed timely notices of
appeal, but due to Father’s delays in filing the required docketing statements
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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intervention of Montgomery County Office of Children and Youth (“OCY”) as

early as 2012.     The children were initially adjudicated dependent between

December 2012 and May 4, 2014, due to Mother and Father’s substance

abuse and criminal activity. The cases were closed on June 2014. However,

on September 22, 2015, the juvenile court reopened the cases and ordered

Mother and Father to comply with OCY, to utilize ongoing services, and

submit random drug screens.

      On October 30, 2015, police went to arrest Mother at the family home,

and discovered a woman in the home who had overdosed.                       In addition, it

was evident that the family had been living in squalor. The residence was in

deplorable condition, and the odor of natural gas drifted through the home.

Authorities from the police and fire departments deemed the residence

uninhabitable and sealed it. The two youngest children, A.H.L. and H.D.L.,

were present in the home during the episode.

      All four children were placed into protective custody, and the juvenile

court adjudicated them dependent eleven days later.                 The court awarded

legal custody and physical custody to OCY, who placed the four children

together   with   Foster      Parents,    a      pre-adoptive   resource.      The   initial

permanency goal was reunification, with a concurrent goal of adoption. The
                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

with this Court, Mother’s appeals were assigned to an earlier panel, which
affirmed the order terminating her parental rights. In re: Adoption of
H.D.L., 2017 WL 3131197 (Pa.Super. filed on July 24, 2017).

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juvenile court granted Father weekly supervised visitation for a duration of

one hour.

     Pursuant to OCY’s family service plan (“FSP”), Father was required to

maintain suitable housing, complete parenting class, abstain from drugs and

alcohol, address mental health concerns, refrain from criminal activities,

complete anger management, and cooperate with OCY and its service

providers.   Father’s compliance was minimal.    While Father attended the

nine supervised visitations that he received with the children at the

Montgomery County jail, he attended only four of the eight visitations that

were scheduled during the periodic gaps in his incarceration.    Father was

chronically noncompliant with both OCY’s directives and the conditions of his

probation.   In January 2016, Father was arrested for a probation violation

after he ingested marijuana. He was jailed for the violation and remained

incarcerated until June 2016. He violated probation again in August 2016,

after he failed to complete drug treatment, persisted in abusing drugs, and

incurred a new criminal charge for retail theft. Father also admitted to his

probation officer that he continued to consume alcohol and that he used

heroin three to four times per week.        He was re-incarcerated, and he

remained in jail when the evidentiary hearing commenced before the

orphans’ court on February 1, 2017.

     Meanwhile, on November 14, 2016, OCY filed petitions to involuntarily

terminate Father’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (2),

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(8) and (b). Following an evidentiary hearing, the orphans’ court terminated

Father’s parental rights pursuant to § 2511(a)(2), (8), and (b). 2         These

timely appeals ensued.3         Father complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) by

concurrently filing concise statements of errors complained of on appeal.

        Father presents one broad question for our review:

        Did the Montgomery County Office of Children and Youth fail to
        present clear and convincing evidence sufficient to justify the
        Trial Court’s conclusion that the needs and welfare of the
        children would be best served by terminating [Father’s] parental
        rights?

Father’s brief at 4.

____________________________________________

2
   We are cognizant of our Supreme Court’s recent decision in In Re
Adoption of L.B.M., 161 A.3d 172 (Pa. 2017), wherein the majority of the
justices held 23 Pa.C.S. § 2313(a) required that counsel be appointed to
represent the legal interests of any child involved in a contested involuntarily
termination proceeding. The High Court recognized, however, that Part II–B
of the opinion was not precedential and did not overrule our holding in In re
K.M., 53 A.3d 781 (Pa.Super. 2012), insofar as a guardian ad litem who is
an attorney may act as counsel so long as the dual roles do not create a
conflict between the child’s best interest, which is determined by the trial
court, and the child’s legal interest, which the High Court defined as
synonymous with the his or her preferred outcome.

Instantly, the children’s guardian ad litem supported the termination of
Father’s parental rights as serving the children’s best interests. Our review
of the record does not reveal any conflict between this positon and the
children’s legal interests as neither K.N.L., O.R.L., A.H.L., nor H.D.L.
opposed the involuntary termination of Father's parental rights.
3
    We consolidated the appeals sua sponte.

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      The pertinent scope and standard of review of an order terminating

parental rights is as follows:

            When reviewing an appeal from a decree terminating
      parental rights, we are limited to determining whether the
      decision of the trial court is supported by competent evidence.
      Absent an abuse of discretion, an error of law, or insufficient
      evidentiary support for the trial court's decision, the decree must
      stand. Where a trial court has granted a petition to involuntarily
      terminate parental rights, this Court must accord the hearing
      judge's decision the same deference that we would give to a jury
      verdict. We must employ a broad, comprehensive review of the
      record in order to determine whether the trial court's decision is
      supported by competent evidence.

In re M.M., 106 A.3d 114, 117 (Pa.Super. 2014) (quoting In re S.H., 879

A.2d 802, 805 (Pa.Super. 2005)).       The burden is upon the petitioner to

prove by clear and convincing evidence that the asserted grounds for

seeking the termination of parental rights are valid.    In the Interest of

T.M.T., 64 A.3d 1119, 1124 (Pa.Super. 2013).

      The standard of clear and convincing evidence is defined as
      testimony that is so "clear, direct, weighty and convincing as to
      enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without
      hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue." In re
      R.N.J., 985 A.2d 273, 276. The trial court is free to make all
      credibility determinations, and may believe all, part, or none of
      the evidence presented. In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74
      (Pa.Super. 2004). If the findings of the trial court are supported
      by competent evidence, we will affirm even if the record could
      also support the opposite result. In re Adoption of T.B.B., 835
      A.2d 387, 394 (Pa.Super. 2003).

Id.
      As noted, the orphans' court terminated Father's parental rights

pursuant to § 2511(a)(2), (8) and (b). We need only agree with the orphans'

court's decision as to one subsection of 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a), and §

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2511(b), in order to affirm the termination of parental rights. In re B.L.W.,

843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa.Super. 02004) (en banc). Herein, we agree with the

orphans' court's decision to terminate Father's parental rights pursuant to

subsection 2511(a)(8) and (b), which provides as follows:

     (a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child
     may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
     grounds:

           ....

        (8) The child has been removed from the care of the parent
        by the court or under a voluntary agreement with an
        agency, 12 months or more have elapsed from the date of
        removal or placement, the conditions which led to the
        removal or placement of the child continue to exist and
        termination of parental rights would best serve the needs
        and welfare of the child.

           ....

            (b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the
     rights of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
     developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
     child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the
     basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing,
     furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be
     beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition
     filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not
     consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions
     described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the
     giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8) and (b).

     In order to satisfy the requirements of § 2511(a)(8) in the case at bar,

OCY was required to produce clear and convincing evidence that: (1) K.N.L.,

O.R.L., A.H.L., and H.D.L. have been removed from Father for at least

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twelve months; (2) the conditions which led to the children’s removal

continue to exist; and (3) involuntary termination of parental rights would

best serve the children’s needs and welfare.       See In Re Adoption of

M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1275–1276 (Pa.Super. 2003). “Notably, termination

under Section 2511(a)(8), does not require an evaluation of [Father's]

willingness or ability to remedy the conditions that led to placement of [his]

children.” In re Adoption of R.J.S., 901 A.2d 502, 511 (Pa.Super. 2006)

(emphasis in original).

      Presently, the four children have been in OCY's care since October 30,

2015, due to, inter alia, concerns about Father's drug and alcohol abuse,

criminal activity, and the family’s deplorable living conditions. Since OCY did

not file its petition to terminate Father's parental rights until November 14,

2016, approximately twelve and one-half months later, the agency satisfied

the threshold requirement of § 2511(a)(8). Next, we address whether the

substance abuse, neglect, and criminal activity that led to the children’s

removal continue to exist.

      The lack of clarity in Father’s statement of the questions presented

carries through to his legal argument.     Father does not assail any specific

components of the orphans’ court’s determination as to §2511(a)(8).

Instead, Father proffers a brief, almost prose-like, homily on the evils of the

recent drug pandemic, generally, and his personal battles with addiction

specifically. War stories aside, the only legal arguments that can be gleaned

                                     -8-
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from Father’s flowery rhetoric are two related assertions: 1) “the record

does not contain any testimony or evidence from which an inference of

physical abuse [nutritional malfeasance, or educational neglect] of the

children can be reasonably inferred[;]” and 2) “The record demonstrates

forgetfulness, irresponsibility, and selfishness, but it certainly does not

demonstrate the kind of virulent, abusive conduct . . . from which a settled

purpose of abandonment can reasonably be inferred.” Father’s brief at 8, 9-

10.

      Notwithstanding Father’s protestations to the contrary, OCY was not

required to proffer evidence of virulent abuse or malfeasance to sustain its

burden of proof, and more importantly, the certified record confirms that

OCY did, in fact, adduce clear and convincing evidence to establish the

statutory   grounds   to   terminate   Father’s parental rights pursuant     to

2511(a)(8), a provision that implicates neither the abusive conduct nor

abandonment that Father argues is lacking herein.        Accordingly, Father’s

present position is irrelevant to the question of whether his parental rights

were properly terminated.

      During the evidentiary hearing, Jennifer Hall, Father’s probation officer

since January 2016, testified about his excessive history of substance abuse

and criminal activity.     See N.T., 2/1/17, at 60-65.   She also noted that

Father has made no effort to address his substance abuse. During January

2016, Father admitted to using heroin, alcohol, and benzodiazepines. Id. at

                                       -9-
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63. As recently as August 2016, three months before OCY filed its petition

to terminate parental rights, Father indicated that he was abusing heroin

and alcohol roughly four times per week.        Id. at 63.     He has never

participated in drug treatment on a consistent basis or completed treatment.

Id. at 63-64.   Father was not scheduled to be released from commitment

until April 2017, and Ms. Hall recommended that he be admitted into an

inpatient treatment program or a half-way house prior to release. Id. at 64-

65.

      As Father was incarcerated for eleven of the fifteen months that the

children have been in placement since the October 2015 episode, his

relationship with the children is fragile. Id. at 170 He attended only four of

eight supervised visitations outside of jail. Id. Similarly, Father contacted

the children by telephone only periodically.   Id.   His compliance with the

remaining goals FSP goals relating to substance abuse, mental health

treatment, parenting education, and employment were all inconsistent. Id.

at 169. Indeed, as it relates to the employment and housing components of

the FSP, Father testified during the hearing that he does not have steady

employment or suitable housing arranged for the children when he finally is

released from supervision. N.T., 2/2/17, at 46. Instead, he anticipates living

in a recovery home for several months. Id.

      The foregoing evidence sustains the orphans' court's determination

that OCY proved by clear and convincing evidence the statutory grounds to

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terminate Father’s parental rights to K.N.L., O.R.L., A.H.L., and H.D.L.

pursuant to § 2511(a)(8). The children were removed from the household

for more than twelve months due to all the issues that flowed from Mother

and Father’s addiction, including Mother’s incarceration and Father’s criminal

activity and inability to maintain appropriate employment and housing for

the children. The conditions that led to the children’s removal continue to

persist, and termination would best suit the children’s needs and welfare in

relation to Father’s weaknesses.

      Although Father’s brief highlights his new-found commitment to “find

steady employment, . . . secure a decent place to live, [and comply with]

whatever [OCY] is asking me to do with visitation and counseling service[,]”

the fact remains that for the fifteen months between OCY’s most recent

involvement with the family and the evidentiary hearings, Father refused to

satisfy the obligations that he is now presumably committed to performing in

the future. Father’s brief at 10. While Father’s intentions are commendable,

they are irrelevant insofar as the orphans’ court was not required to examine

Father’s willingness to rectify his deficiencies at this late juncture. See In

re Adoption of R.J.S., supra at 511, (“Section 2511(a)(8), does not

require an evaluation of [Father’s] willingness or ability to remedy the

conditions that led to placement[.]”) (emphasis in original).

      More importantly, the lives of K.N.L., O.R.L., A.H.L., and H.D.L.

“simply cannot be put on hold in the hope that [Father] will summon the

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ability to handle the responsibilities of parenting.” In re J.T. and R.T., 817

A.2d 505 (Pa.Super. 2003). This principle is particularly applicable where,

as here, OCY has been engaged with the family since 2012 and the identical

issues with substance abuse and criminal activity continue to persist.

      Having found that the certified record supports the orphans’ court’s

finding that OCY established the statutory grounds to terminate Father’s

parental rights pursuant to § 2511(a)(8), we next address the court’s needs

and welfare analysis pursuant to 2511(b). While Father does not challenge

the orphans’ court’s analysis explicitly, we review it in an abundance of

caution to ensure that the termination of Father’s parental rights will serve

the children’s developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare.

      With respect to § 2511(b), this Court has explained the requisite

analysis as follows:

      Subsection 2511(b) focuses on whether termination of parental
      rights would best serve the developmental, physical, and
      emotional needs and welfare of the child. In In re C.M.S., 884
      A.2d 1284, 1287 (Pa.Super. 2005), this Court stated,
      “Intangibles such as love, comfort, security, and stability are
      involved in the inquiry into the needs and welfare of the child.”
      In addition, we instructed that the trial court must also discern
      the nature and status of the parent-child bond, with utmost
      attention to the effect on the child of permanently severing that
      bond. Id. However, in cases where there is no evidence of a
      bond between a parent and child, it is reasonable to infer that no
      bond exists. In re K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 762-63 (Pa.Super.
      2008).    Accordingly, the extent of the bond-effect analysis
      necessarily depends on the circumstances of the particular case.
      Id. at 63.

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In re Adoption of J.M., 991 A.2d 321, 324 (Pa.Super. 2010). Neither the

Adoption Act nor authoritative precedent requires the orphans’ court to enlist

a formal bonding evaluation, and the court’s needs and welfare analysis

need not hinge upon expert testimony.         In re Z.P., 994 A.2d 1108, 1121

(Pa.Super. 2011).

      In relation to §2511(b), the orphans’ court provided as follows:

      I conclude that the emotional needs and welfare of the children
      can best be met by termination of the parental rights of both
      Parents, and that the children will not suffer a detriment as a
      result of termination of the parental rights of both Parents.

      In this case I find that the parental bond between Birth Mother
      and each child is minimal. I also find that the parental bond
      between the Birth Father and each child is minimal. By contrast I
      find that the bond has developed between the foster parents and
      the children that has been described as warm and nurturing from
      the testimony of the caseworker.

      Therefore, I find from the evidence and testimony that
      termination of Birth Mother and Birth Father's rights best serves
      the needs and the welfare of each of these children, and
      termination of the parental rights of Birth Mother and Birth
      Father will not irrevocably harm any of the children.

N.T., 2/2/17, at 147.

      The certified record sustains the orphans’ court’s determination. Joan

Dolan, the OCY caseworker who is currently assigned to the family, testified

that terminating Father’s parental rights in order to facilitate adoption by the

Foster Parents is in the best interest of all four children. N.T., 2/1/17, at

171, 175.    The three oldest children, K.N.L., O.R.L. and A.H.L., were in

placement a total of thirty months as of the date of the termination

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proceedings. Id. at 177. The youngest child, then three-year-old H.D.L.,

was in placement for seventeen months. Id.

     As it relates to the parent-child bond, Ms. Dolan described Father’s

relationship with the children as a “very casual” connection.    Id. at 171.

She explained that, during the supervised visitations, the children do not

interact with Father and they are not disappointed when the visitations end.

Id. Ms. Dolan testified that the children would not suffer any detriment if

Father’s parental rights were terminated.     Id.     She expounded, “they

expressed fear [and] witnessed domestic violence in the [family] home.

They don’t have the connection with [Father].       As I said, it’s more of a

causal connection.”   Id.   In sum, she opined that Father is closer to a

“playmate” then a parent. Id.

     In contrast to the meager relationship that the children have with

Father, they each maintain significant bonds with Foster Parents. Ms. Dolan

described how the children feel secure in the foster home, which she

characterized as a “stable, healthy, and secure environment.”    Id. at 174.

As a result of Mother and Father’s parenting, all four children require some

type of service. K.N.L receives therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder,

H.D.L. hoards food and restricts his bowel movements, and A.H.L. and

O.R.L. both receive therapy for different behavioral concerns.   Id. at 172,

175. Despite their unpleasant history with Mother and Father, the children

are currently thriving academically and socially.   Id.   Ms. Dolan stressed

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that, unlike Mother and Father, Foster Parents place the children’s needs

before their own, and for the first time in their short lives, K.N.L., O.R.L.,

A.H.L., and H.D.L. are allowed to behave like typical children. Id. at 176.

      As demonstrated by the foregoing evidence, the orphans’ court

properly considered the children’s existing relationships with Father, as well

as the obvious parent-child bond they share with Foster Parents, and the

importance of nurturing those beneficial relationships.     See Adoption of

C.J.P., 114 A.3d 1046, 1054 (Pa.Super. 2015) (“In addition to a bond

examination, the trial court . . . should also consider the intangibles, such as

the love, comfort, security, and stability the child might have with the foster

parent [and] the importance of continuity of [those] relationships[.]”).

      As the record sustains the orphans’ court’s conclusion that terminating

Father’s parental rights would best serve the developmental, physical, and

emotional needs and welfare of K.N.L., O.R.L., A.H.L., and H.D.L., we will

not disturb it.

     Orders affirmed.
Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 9/20/2017

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