Court Opinion

ID: 4228327
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-12-13 16:11:01.868483+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:16:02.616636
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                   Dec 13 2017, 8:46 am

                                                                        CLERK
                                                                    Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                       Court of Appeals
                                                                         and Tax Court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
Jason R. Delk                                         Karl L. Mulvaney
Delk McNally LLP                                      Nana Quay-Smith
Muncie, Indiana                                       Bingham Greenebaum Doll LLP
                                                      Indianapolis, Indiana

                                                      Chad Bradford
                                                      O’Bryan Brown & Toner, PLLC
                                                      Indianapolis, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Diana Zelman,                                          December 13, 2017
Appellant-Plaintiff,                                   Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                       18A02-1705-PL-1121
        v.
                                                       Appeal from the Delaware Circuit
Central Indiana Orthopedics, P.C.,                     Court
and Francesca D. Tekula, M.D.,                         The Honorable Marianne L.
Appellees-Defendants.                                  Vorhees, Judge
                                                       Trial Court Cause No.
                                                       18C01-1505-PL-11

Brown, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017                Page 1 of 13
[1]   Diana Zelman appeals the trial court’s entry of summary judgment in a medical

      malpractice action in favor of Dr. Francesca D. Tekula and Central Indiana

      Orthopedics (“CIO”). Zelman raises one issue which we restate as whether the

      court erred in entering summary judgment in favor of Dr. Tekula and CIO. We

      reverse.

                                       Facts and Procedural History

[2]   In March of 2010, Zelman began to experience right-side, low back pain, with

      no known injury and of unknown etiology. At some point later, she sought

      treatment and received a diagnosis of a synovial cyst on her lumbar spine.

      Zelman sought a consultation at CIO in Anderson, Indiana, where Dr. Tekula

      recommended that she undergo a procedure to remove the cyst. At a second

      appointment, where she was fitted for a post-operative back brace and to have

      pre-operative x-rays, Dr. Tekula recommended Zelman undergo a spinal fusion

      surgery.

[3]   Zelman agreed to proceed, and Dr. Tekula performed the surgical procedure on

      May 27, 2010. Before Zelman was released from the hospital, Dr. Tekula

      shared with her that:

              a couple of unusual things had happened while [Zelman] was on
              the table in surgery, and that, while doing this fusion . . . cutting
              out the cyst and doing the one-level fusion, . . . [Dr. Tekula] had
              looked around in that area and had found another cyst and an
              even greater instability at another level.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 2 of 13
      Appellant’s Appendix Volume 2 at 35-36. Dr. Tekula also shared at that time

      that she “went ahead and did a second-level fusion while she was in there, at

      the same time,” because the “second instability was even greater than the first.”

      Id. at 36. Dr. Tekula also shared that Zelman’s “spinal lamina . . . was

      exceptionally long” and “longer than most other patients” seen by her, and as a

      result she “cut [Zelman’s] lamina down.” Id. When Zelman inquired if a

      medical reason existed to cut the lamina, Dr. Tekula answered negatively and

      shared that “she just found them to be unusually long.” Id. at 37. At that time,

      Zelman was also told that the reason she was “probably experiencing a higher

      level of pain postoperatively” was “the fact that they had done so much in

      there.” Id. at 38.

[4]   Following the procedure, Zelman felt an intense pain “unique to the

      postsurgical period” that was with her “chronically . . . in the region of the

      lumbar surgery” and “radiated from there up into [her] upper buttocks and a

      little bit bilaterally into [her] hips.” Id. at 43-44. During this period, Zelman

      asked Dr. Tekula to tell her if something went wrong in the surgery “because it

      feels like something happened” and stated that it was driving her crazy that she

      did not “know what’s going on.” Id. at 68. In response to Zelman’s inquiries,

      Dr. Tekula told Zelman that “everything went great and everything was great

      and everything was fine.” Id. at 61. Dr. Tekula saw Zelman in Anderson at

      least two or three more times, and on October 7, 2010, ordered an MRI of the

      lumbar spine, lumbar flexion, and extension x-rays. Dr. Tekula shared with

      Zelman that the MRI showed that she was healing beautifully, that “everything

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 3 of 13
      inside was fine. And the healing was coming along at the pace that she would

      have expected it to be, and that there was no reason, medical reason that she

      could see on the MRI for [Zelman’s] continued pain.” Id. at 70. Zelman was

      examined by Dr. Tekula, at the latest, on February 28, 2011.

[5]   After a post-op office visit approximately a week or two after the procedure at

      which Zelman complained her foot was in a lot of pain that had not been fixed

      by the surgery, Dr. Tekula referred her to Dr. Steven Herbst, a foot specialist, to

      see about her foot specifically distinct from her upper leg. Zelman saw Dr.

      Herbst on June 28, 2010, he asked for imaging of her foot, and she stopped

      seeing him by December 2010. At some point before October 7, 2010, Zelman

      received sacroiliac and bursa injections with a Dr. Lillo. Zelman requested and

      completed physical therapy at both a facility near CIO in Muncie and a

      separate location, treated her pain by seeing a pain management specialist, Dr.

      Mariam Ibrahim, who tried various opioid pain medications until they found

      one that seemed to work better for Zelman than anything else, and located and

      saw a neurologist, Dr. Karen Vogel, who told her that, “based on her

      experience, [Zelman] was describing what, to her, sounded like nerve damage.”

      Id. at 83. Dr. Vogel referred Zelman to two surgeons, Dr. Mobasser and Dr.

      Michael Coscia.

[6]   In the single meeting they had, Dr. Mobasser shared with Zelman that, in his

      opinion, he “did not yet know what was wrong” based on his review of the

      records and their meeting and that he did not want to perform a surgery that he

      “felt fairly certain” would be “brutal” and had no guarantee to be one hundred

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 4 of 13
      percent successful. Id. at 84-85. Zelman met with Dr. Coscia in November of

      2013, and he performed Zelman’s second surgery in 2014, sharing with her

      afterward in June of 2014 that during the surgery he “had found that there was

      no fusion, that there were no pedicle screws, that that was extremely unusual,

      because they’ve known for more than two decades that you have to use pedicle

      screws or you don’t get a fusion.” Id. at 90.

[7]   On January 9, 2015, Zelman filed with the State of Indiana Department of

      Insurance a proposed complaint alleging medical negligence against Dr. Tekula

      and CIO. On January 20, 2017, Dr. Tekula and CIO filed a motion for

      summary judgment. In support of the motion, Dr. Tekula and CIO designated

      portions of Zelman’s deposition in which she testified that, in early 2011, her

      “insurance company no longer deemed my visits post-op,” that “too much time

      had gone by” and she was “suddenly getting charged for these new office

      visits,” and that she remembers “asking Dr. Tekula why she was still seeing

      me” because “it was very different than any experience I’d had with any other

      surgeon in my past.” Id. at 42-43. She testified that “still seeing the surgeon”

      was new to her because she had previously undergone surgical procedures and

      that she remembers “thinking it was around eight months post-op when [she]

      finally . . . didn’t want to go anymore” and canceled her appointment with Dr.

      Tekula scheduled for March 2011. Id. at 43-45.

[8]   When asked if she started to go to another orthopedic doctor after Dr. Tekula

      could not give her a reason for wanting her to come back, Zelman responded

      negatively and stated that she had “started with a pain management physician.”

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 5 of 13
      Id. at 46. Zelman testified that, prior to the cancelled March appointment, she

      “decided that [she] wasn’t getting relief, enough adequate relief from the TENS

      unit or any of the therapies,” and that she remembered “being surprised that

      [she] was in so much pain” and stated “I have always, in the past, prided myself

      on my ability to, for instance, live with the chronic neck pain, because I was

      trying to avoid a second neck surgery, cervical spine surgery.” Id. at 34, 46.

      Zelman also testified that at some point “no longer did it feel like surgical pain

      that was healing,” which “had abated pretty much most of the way,” that prior

      to June 22, 2012, she thought about obtaining her medical records from Dr.

      Tekula, and that she was not seeing an orthopedic doctor in June 2012. Id. at

      43.

[9]   On March 10, 2017, Zelman filed a memorandum of law in opposition to the

      motion for summary judgment and designated additional selections from her

      deposition as evidence. In her testimony, Zelman answered affirmatively when

      asked if her pain decreased before she left the hospital. Id. at 62. Zelman

      testified that “the assumption was that as I healed from this surgery, I would

      feel better,” and that she “was still in a lot of pain with [her] foot and it had not

      been fixed by the surgery.” Id. at 63-64. Zelman also testified that the

      “chronic, intense ache that sometimes would get sharp” was a “very separate

      and distinct pain that [she] did not have before her surgery,” that she was

      becoming “increasingly upset over the months” and Dr. Tekula “never had an

      explanation . . . as to why [she] was in this level of pain that was so different

      from what had already happened . . . with the fusion in [Zelman’s] neck,” and

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 6 of 13
       that Zelman reached a point where she “was upset enough that [she] literally

       begged [Dr. Tekula] to do an MRI postoperatively . . . and find out what was

       going on inside of [her].” Id. at 67-68. Zelman testified that she remembered

       distinctly that Dr. Tekula told her that the MRI showed she was healing

       beautifully and that she was hoping that “something would show and be

       obvious.” Id. at 70-71. Zelman also testified that she “was looking for an

       answer” by October 2010, and that a Dr. Peterson told her in an October 2012

       office visit that he would get some surgical clinic names “so she can do a little

       more research on the back surgery.” Id. at 71, 82. When asked if she thought

       she needed a second opinion, Zelman stated:

               No, not at that point. It sounds dumb, maybe, but no. I was told
               [by] Dr. Tekula the surgery went well, nothing happened in the
               surgery unusually [sic] other than she had done this extra work
               that I didn’t know about in advance, that everything looked good
               in October at that MRI, I was healing beautifully. Everything
               was at the place it was supposed to be.

               I had no reason to think I needed a new spine or orthopedic
               physician. I just thought I was dealing with pain management
               issues, unexplained pain management issues.

       Id. at 78-79.

[10]   After hearing argument on the motion, the trial court granted summary

       judgment in favor of Dr. Tekula and CIO on April 20, 2017. In its order, the

       court found:

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 7 of 13
               The undisputed evidence in this case shows that [Zelman] had
               the ability, with reasonable diligence, to discover the alleged
               negligence on or before March 1, 2013. She continued to suffer
               extreme pain after March 1, 2011. She continued to seek
               opinions from other physicians. The fact that she did not
               actually have the “brutal surgery” that allowed her to “discover”
               Dr. Tekula’s alleged negligence in June, 2014, does not change
               the analysis in that she could have actually discovered the alleged
               negligence prior to March, 2013.

       Id. at 127 (citations omitted).

                                                    Discussion

[11]   The issue is whether the trial court erred in entering summary judgment in

       favor of Dr. Tekula and CIO. We review an order for summary judgment de

       novo, applying the same standard as the trial court. Hughley v. State, 15 N.E.3d

       1000, 1003 (Ind. 2014). Our review of a summary judgment motion is limited

       to those materials designated to the trial court. Mangold ex rel. Mangold v. Ind.

       Dep’t of Natural Res., 756 N.E.2d 970, 973 (Ind. 2001). In reviewing a trial

       court’s ruling on a motion for summary judgment, we may affirm on any

       grounds supported by the Indiana Trial Rule 56 materials. Catt v. Bd. of Comm’rs

       of Knox Cnty., 779 N.E.2d 1, 3 (Ind. 2002). The moving party bears the initial

       burden of making a prima facie showing that there are no genuine issues of

       material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Manley v.

       Sherer, 992 N.E.2d 670, 673 (Ind. 2013). Summary judgment is improper if the

       moving party fails to carry its burden, but if it succeeds, then the nonmoving

       party must come forward with evidence establishing the existence of a genuine

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 8 of 13
       issue of material fact. Id. We construe all factual inferences in favor of the

       nonmoving party and resolve all doubts as to the existence of a material issue

       against the moving party. Id. A medical malpractice case based upon

       negligence is rarely an appropriate case for disposal by summary judgment.

       Chaffins v. Kauffman, 995 N.E.2d 707, 711 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013).

[12]   Zelman contends that the discovery rule allows her claim to be filed outside of

       the initial two-year limitation on medical malpractice claims imposed by the

       Indiana Medical Malpractice Act. Specifically, she argues she could not have

       discovered, and did not discover, Dr. Tekula’s malpractice until after

       undergoing a brutal and intrusive surgery in June 2014, the delay in discovering

       the malpractice is attributable to repeated assurances by Dr. Tekula that her

       pain was unrelated to the May 2010 surgery, and there are genuine issues of fact

       regarding whether she was reasonably diligent in her actions post-operation in

       light of Dr. Tekula’s representations.

[13]   Dr. Tekula and CIO contend that the facts demonstrate that Zelman had

       information which would have led a reasonably diligent person to investigate

       and she produced no evidence showing that she used reasonable diligence to

       discover the alleged malpractice following her surgery. They further contend

       that she did not articulate a continuing wrong argument or a fraudulent

       concealment argument to extend the limitations period, and that the trial court

       correctly determined she had not created a question of fact that would

       overcome CIO and Dr. Tekula’s showing that her proposed complaint was

       untimely under the occurrence-based Indiana Medical Malpractice Act.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 9 of 13
       Specifically, they argue that Zelman seeks to be excused from her failure to

       investigate the cause of her alleged unique, intense and continuing chronic back

       pain on the basis that Dr. Tekula allegedly told her that the surgery was healing

       nicely. They also argue that, even if her theory had merit, her relationship with

       Dr. Tekula ended by March 1, 2011, so her time to file suit expired at the latest

       by March 1, 2013, yet she did not file suit until January 9, 2015.

[14]   Indiana’s Medical Malpractice Statute of Limitations states:

       (b) A claim, whether in contract or tort, may not be brought against a
       healthcare provider based on professional services or health care that
       was provided or that should have been provided unless the claim is filed
       within two (2) years after the date of the alleged act, omission, or
       neglect . . . .

       Ind. Code § 34-18-7-1. In determining whether a medical malpractice claim has

       been commenced within the medical malpractice statute of limitations, the

       discovery or trigger date is the point when a claimant either knows of the

       malpractice and resulting injury, or learns of facts that, in the exercise of

       reasonable diligence, should lead to the discovery of the malpractice and the

       resulting injury. David v. Kleckner, 9 N.E.3d 147, 152-153 (Ind. 2014).

       Depending on the individual circumstances of each case, a patient’s learning of

       the resulting disease or the onset of resulting symptoms may or may not

       constitute the discovery or trigger date. Id. at 153. The point at which a

       particular claimant either knew of the malpractice and resulting injury, or

       learned of facts that would have led a person of reasonable diligence to have

       discovered the malpractice and resulting injury, must be determined. Id. If

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 10 of 13
       such date lies two years beyond the occurrence of the malpractice, the claimant

       has two years within which to commence the action. Id. (quoting Booth v.

       Wiley, 839 N.E.2d 1168, 1172 (Ind. 2005)). Reliance on a medical

       professional’s words or actions that deflect inquiry into potential malpractice

       can also constitute reasonable diligence such that the limitations period remains

       open. Herron v. Anigbo, 897 N.E.2d 444, 451 (Ind. 2008). Where the plaintiff

       knows of an illness or injury, but is assured by professionals that it is due to

       some cause other than malpractice, this fact can extend the period for

       reasonable discovery. Id.

[15]   The designated evidence reveals that Zelman’s medical malpractice claim arose

       from surgery conducted by Dr. Tekula on May 27, 2010, that Zelman

       experienced soon after an intense and chronic pain unique to the post-surgical

       period, and that she sought an explanation for the pain from a myriad of

       providers. Following the procedure, Zelman continued to meet with Dr.

       Tekula, who neither answered her inquiries into the causes of her pain nor

       provided a reason for wanting Zelman to keep returning months beyond the

       post-op period. Rather than identifying any potential problems from the

       surgery, Dr. Tekula instead told her that the procedure “went great.”

       Appellant’s Appendix Volume 2 at 61. Zelman eventually “literally begged”

       Dr. Tekula for a post-operative MRI, and after a review of the post-operative

       MRI, Dr. Tekula said that “everything inside was fine.” Id. at 70.

[16]   Notwithstanding Dr. Tekula’s assurances, Zelman actively pursued an

       explanation for the pain and consulted several medical professionals, including

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 11 of 13
       a foot specialist, a neurologist, and ultimately other back surgeons—one of

       whom shared his opinion that he did not know what was wrong with her after

       an examination of her medical records and described a second surgery as brutal

       with no guarantee of success.1 Only after he completed the surgery in 2014 did

       Dr. Coscia give Zelman his opinion that the May 2010 surgery was not

       performed correctly with pedicle screws.

[17]   Given that the second surgery was required to discover the malpractice, and

       given that it was described as brutal with no guarantee of success, we cannot

       say as a matter of law that Zelman was not reasonably diligent when she did

       not have the second surgery sooner than she did. Thus, we hold that a genuine

       issue of material fact exists as to when Zelman’s pain and diligent pursuit

       would have led her to discover that medical malpractice was the cause. See

       David, 9 N.E.3d at 153.            Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court erred in

       granting CIO and Dr. Tekula’s motion for summary judgment. See id.

       (observing that “the evidentiary facts, particularly Dr. Kleckner’s assurances in

       early September, 2009—that likely would have minimized the plaintiff’s

       suspicion and inquiry—support a reasonable inference that mid to late

       February, 2011, when Larry David first became suspicious of the possibility of

       1
         Dr. Mobasser told Zelman that he did not want to do a second surgery because it would be “a brutal
       experience” and would require twelve to eighteen months to recuperate, “much worse than what [she] had
       experienced with the first surgery.” Appellant’s Appendix Volume 2 at 85. Indeed, in describing the second
       surgery, Zelman explained that a vascular surgeon “basically [took] out [her] internal organs” to reach the
       spine from the front of the abdomen and then had to “put everything back” before proceeding to harvest bone
       from her pelvis and then “reopen the scar” from the first surgery to “see what was going on in there.” Id. at
       87-88.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017                   Page 12 of 13
       malpractice, was the point when Lisa or Larry David either knew of the alleged

       malpractice and resulting injury, or learned of facts that, in the exercise of

       reasonable diligence, should have led to the discovery of the malpractice and

       the resulting injury,” and reversing the trial court’s grant of the defendant’s

       motion for summary judgment).

                                                    Conclusion

[18]   For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the entry of summary judgment in favor

       of Dr. Tekula and CIO and against Zelman.

[19]   Reversed.

[20]   Najam, J., and Kirsch, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A02-1705-PL-1121 | December 13, 2017   Page 13 of 13