Court Opinion

ID: 4246098
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-16 22:22:21.527219+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:27:12.794348
License: Public Domain

02/16/2018
        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT NASHVILLE

           STATE OF TENNESSEE v. ROGER TERRY JOHNSON

                Appeal from the Criminal Court for Davidson County
                      No. 94-B-1113   Steve R. Dozier, Judge

                            No. M2017-01249-CCA-R3-CD
                         _____________________________

Defendant, Roger Terry Johnson, is appealing the trial court’s denial of his motion to
correct an illegal sentence filed pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 36.1
The State has filed a motion asking this Court to affirm pursuant to Court of Criminal
Appeals Rule 20. Said motion is hereby granted.

   Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Order of the Criminal Court Affirmed
                 Pursuant to Court of Criminal Appeals Rule 20

TIMOTHY L. EASTER, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which THOMAS T.
WOODALL, P.J., and ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., joined.

Roger Johnson, Pro Se.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Brent C. Cherry, Senior Counsel,
for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                             MEMORANDUM OPINION

        In 1994, Defendant pled guilty to one count of first degree murder and one count
of second degree murder. Defendant received consecutive sentences of life imprisonment
and thirty years, respectively. The thirty-year sentence for second degree murder was
subsequently modified to twenty-five years and eight months. Defendant did not timely
appeal his guilty pleas or sentences. Defendant was unsuccessful in his subsequent
pursuit of post-conviction relief, habeas corpus relief (four times), and error coram nobis
relief. See Roger Terry Johnson v. State, No. 01C01-9705-CR-00172, 1998 WL 458101
(Tenn. Crim. App. Aug. 7, 1998 (appealing denial of post-conviction petition), perm.
app. denied (Tenn. Mar. 15, 1999); Roger T. Johnson v. Ricky Bell, Warden, No. M2011-
00945-CCA-R3-HC, 2012 WL 683105 (Tenn. Crim. App. Feb. 27, 2012) (appealing
denial of fourth habeas corpus petition), perm. app. denied (Tenn. June 20, 2012); Roger
T. Johnson v. State, No. M2012-00845-CCA-R3-CO, 2013 WL 557014 (Tenn. Crim.
App. Feb. 14, 2013) (appealing denial of error coram nobis petition), no perm. app. filed.

       In May 2017, Defendant filed a motion to correct an alleged illegal sentence
pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 36.1. The trial court summarily
denied the motion and this appeal ensued. Following the filing of the record and
Defendant’s brief, the State filed a motion to affirm the ruling of the trial court pursuant
to Rule 20. For the reasons stated below, said motion is hereby granted.

        In the motion he filed in the trial court, Defendant argued his sentence for second
degree murder is illegal because the trial court amended the judgment without his consent
or knowledge to reflect a sentence of twenty-five years and eight months instead of a
sentence of thirty years. Rule 36.1 permits a defendant to seek correction of an unexpired
illegal sentence at any time. See State v. Brown, 479 S.W.3d 200, 211 (Tenn. 2015).
“[A]n illegal sentence is one that is not authorized by the applicable statutes or that
directly contravenes an applicable statute.” Tenn. R. Crim. P. 36.1(a). Our supreme
court recently interpreted the meaning of “illegal sentence” as defined in Rule 36.1 and
concluded that the definition “is coextensive, and not broader than, the definition of the
term in the habeas corpus context.” State v. Wooden, 478 S.W.3d 585, 594-95 (Tenn.
2015). The court then reviewed the three categories of sentencing errors: clerical errors
(those arising from a clerical mistake in the judgment form), appealable errors (those for
which the Sentencing Act specifically provides a right of direct appeal), and fatal errors
(those so profound as to render a sentence illegal and void). Id. Commenting on
appealable errors, the court stated that those “generally involve attacks on the correctness
of the methodology by which a trial court imposed sentence.” Id. In contrast, fatal errors
include “sentences imposed pursuant to an inapplicable statutory scheme, sentences
designating release eligibility dates where early release is statutorily prohibited, sentences
that are ordered to be served concurrently where statutorily required to be served
consecutively, and sentences not authorized by any statute for the offenses.” Id. The
court held that only fatal errors render sentences illegal. Id. A trial court may summarily
dismiss a Rule 36.1 motion if it does not state a colorable claim for relief. Tenn. R. Crim.
P. 36.1(b)(2).

        Defendant previously raised the exact same issue regarding the amended judgment
in his pursuit of habeas corpus relief. In affirming the denial of habeas corpus relief, this
Court previously held Defendant’s argument regarding the amended judgment presented,
at most, a claim that the judgment was merely voidable, not void. See Roger T. Johnson,
2012 WL 683105, at *4-5. As noted above, the Supreme Court recently interpreted the
meaning of “illegal sentence” as defined in Rule 36.1 and concluded that the definition
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“is coextensive, and not broader than, the definition of the term in the habeas corpus
context.” Wooden, 478 S.W.3d at 594-95. Indeed, that Court observed the language of
Rule 36.1 “mirrors” the definition of an illegal sentence for habeas corpus purposes. Id.
Accordingly, this Court’s analysis in Defendant’s habeas corpus actions controls the
outcome herein. The trial court correctly ruled that Defendant did not state a colorable
claim for relief pursuant to Rule 36.1.

       Any other challenges by Defendant to the voluntariness of his guilty plea,
including claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, are insufficient to state a colorable
claim for relief in a Rule 36.1 motion. As this Court has emphasized, Rule 36.1
“provide[s] an avenue for correcting allegedly illegal sentences. The Rules does not
provide an avenue for seeking the reversal of convictions.” State v. Jimmy Wayne
Wilson, No. E2013-02354-CCA-R3-CD, 2014 WL 1285622, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App.
Mar. 31, 2014) (emphasis in original), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Nov. 19, 2014).

       Rule 20, Rules of the Court of Criminal Appeals provides inter alia:

              The Court, with the concurrence of all judges participating in the
       case, when an opinion would have no precedential value, may affirm the
       judgment or action of the trial court by memorandum opinion rather than by
       formal opinion, when:

              The judgment is rendered or the action taken in a proceeding before
       the trial judge without a jury, and such judgment or action is not a
       determination of guilt, and the evidence does not preponderate against the
       finding of the trial judge . . . .

        We determine that this case meets the criteria of the above quoted rule and,
therefore, we grant the State’s motion filed under Rule 20. Accordingly, the ruling of the
trial court is hereby affirmed.

                                                 _________________________________
                                                 TIMOTHY L. EASTER, JUDGE

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