Court Opinion

ID: 9881372
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-02 11:08:12.072686+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:08:30.172041
License: Public Domain

In the
        Court of Appeals
Second Appellate District of Texas
         at Fort Worth
     ___________________________

          No. 02-22-00278-CR
     ___________________________

 MEGAN ELISE MAYBERRY, Appellant

                      V.

          THE STATE OF TEXAS

   On Appeal from the 43rd District Court
          Parker County, Texas
       Trial Court No. CR21-0929

Before Sudderth, C.J.; Birdwell and Walker, JJ.
 Memorandum Opinion by Justice Birdwell
                           MEMORANDUM OPINION

      A jury convicted Megan Mayberry of the offense of tampering with a

government record with intent to harm or defraud another and assessed her

punishment at two years’ confinement in a state jail facility. The jury recommended that

the confinement portion of the sentence be suspended and that Mayberry be placed on

community supervision. The trial court sentenced Mayberry accordingly and placed her

on community supervision for a period of five years. Mayberry argues in two points on

appeal that the trial court erred by denying her requested instruction on the statutory

defense to tampering with a government record and by requiring her to reimburse the

cost of her appointed counsel. We affirm the judgment and modify the trial court’s

order requiring reimbursement of attorney’s fees.

                                    I. Background

      Mayberry entered into a plea agreement to resolve a speeding ticket she received

in Parker County. Pursuant to the plea agreement, Mayberry was to perform 22.5 hours

of community service in lieu of $278 in fines and fees. Mayberry returned her Certificate

of Community Service and certified that she worked the required hours of community

supervision at the Weatherford Public Library and the Weatherford Parker County

Animal Shelter.

      A clerk from the justice court attempted to verify that Mayberry worked the

required hours. Mayberry had certified that she worked 4 hours at the Weatherford

Public Library. When the clerk called to verify the hours, the library could not confirm

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Mayberry worked 4 hours. The employee who supervised Mayberry at the library

testified at trial that he “signed off” for 1 hour on Mayberry’s time sheet. The employee

reviewed Mayberry’s certificate of community service and stated that “4” on the form

did not appear to be his handwriting.

       Mayberry had certified that she worked 9.5 hours at the animal shelter on May 26,

2021, and that on June 3, 2021, she worked 9 hours at the animal shelter. Again, the

clerk of the justice court was unable to verify that Mayberry worked those hours.

Mayberry was supposed to sign in upon arriving at the animal shelter and sign out when

leaving. An employee from the animal shelter testified at trial that Mayberry worked on

June 26, 2021, and July 3, 2021, and that on both days she signed in around 11:00 a.m.

but did not sign out. The employee testified that it was not possible for Mayberry to

have worked 9 or more hours on those days because Mayberry arrived at 11:00 that

morning, and the animal shelter closes at 4:00 p.m.

                                  II. Jury Instruction

       In her first point, Mayberry argues that the trial court erred by denying her

requested jury instruction on the statutory defense to tampering with a government

record.

A. Standard of Review

      We must review “all alleged jury-charge error . . . regardless of preservation in

the trial court.” Kirsch v. State, 357 S.W.3d 645, 649 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). In reviewing

                                            3
a jury charge, we first determine whether error occurred; if we determine no error

occurred, our analysis ends. Id.

B. Tampering with a Government Record

       A person commits the offense of tampering with a governmental record if she

“makes, presents, or uses any record, document, or thing with knowledge of its falsity

and with intent that it be taken as a genuine governmental record” or “makes, presents,

or uses a governmental record with knowledge of its falsity.” Tex. Penal Code Ann.

§ 37.10(a)(2), (5). An offense is a Class A misdemeanor unless the actor’s intent is to

“defraud or harm another, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.” Id.

§ 37.10(c)(1).

       The indictment alleged in two paragraphs that Mayberry,

       with intent to harm or defraud another, namely Dusty Vinson, Justice of
       the Peace Precinct 3, used or presented a document, namely a Certificate
       of Community Service, with falsified hours and/or signatures, with
       knowledge of its falsity and with intent that it be taken as a genuine
       governmental record, [Tex. Penal Code. Ann. § 37.10(a)(2), and]

       . . . with intent to defraud or harm another, namely Dusty Vinson, Justice
       of the Peace Precinct 3, used or presented a government record, namely a
       Certificate of Community Service, with knowledge of its falsity, namely:
       with falsified hours and/or signatures[, Tex. Penal Code. Ann.
       § 37.10(a)(5)].

       Dusty Vinson, Justice of the Peace Precinct 3, testified at trial and acknowledged

that he was listed in the indictment as the injured party. Judge Vinson stated that he did

not personally suffer any harm or loss, but that it was his office that was harmed. When

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asked if his office lost any revenue, Judge Vinson responded that it did not. Judge

Vinson testified that Mayberry’s actions added extra court proceedings.

C. Defensive Instructions

         “It is well settled that an accused has the right to an instruction on any defensive

issue raised by the evidence, whether that evidence is weak or strong, unimpeached or

contradicted, and regardless of what the trial court may or may not think about the

credibility of the evidence.” Granger v. State, 3 S.W.3d 36, 38 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999).

Mayberry requested the trial court to instruct on the defense provided in Penal Code

Section 37.10, which states: “It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(1),

(a)(2), or (a)(5) that the false entry or false information could have no effect on the

government’s purpose for requiring the governmental record.” Tex. Penal Code Ann.

§ 37.10(f).

         Mayberry argues on appeal that Judge Vinson’s testimony shows that his office

suffered no adverse consequences from her actions and “implicitly raises the ‘safety

valve’ put in place by the legislature where a tampering with a governmental record

allegation—even if accurate—implicates nothing more than de minimus consequences,”

citing as authority Chambers v. State, 523 S.W.3d 681, 687–88 (Tex. App.—Corpus

Christi–Edinburg 2017), aff’d in part & rev’d in part, 580 S.W.3d 149 (Tex. Crim App.

2019).

         In Chambers, a police chief instructed another officer to fill out firearms

qualifications forms indicating that fourteen different reserve police officers had passed

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a firearms qualification practical pistol course when they had not passed the course. Id.

at 684–85. The police chief was convicted on fourteen counts of tampering with

government records. Id. at 684. The police chief argued that the firearms qualification

forms were not governmental records because they were not legally required to be kept.

Id. at 686. In concluding that the firearms qualification forms were governmental

records, the court stated that the State did not need to prove that the firearms

qualification records were required by law to be kept. Id. at 686–87. In response to the

police chief’s contentions that the broad determination of the definition of

governmental record would lead to an absurd result, the court stated:

       [T]he defense set forth in section 37.10(f) serves as a safety valve that
       would generally prevent conviction in cases where the record at issue,
       though ‘kept’ by a government entity ‘for information,’ is insignificant or
       otherwise unrelated to the entity’s governmental function. The existence
       of the section 37.01(f) defense therefore undercuts [the police chief’s]
       argument that a broad interpretation of ‘governmental records’ would lead
       to absurd results.

Id. at 687–88 (footnote omitted). The court’s statement was not a holding related to the

elements of the Section 37.10(f) statutory defense or the evidence required to raise the

defense. See id.

       The Court of Criminal Appeals agreed with the appellate court’s holding that the

firearms qualification forms were governmental records. Chambers, 580 S.W.3d at 156.

The Court of Criminal Appeals remanded the case to the intermediate court to

“evaluate the meaning of ‘government’s purpose for requiring the governmental record’

in § 37.10(f) and, based on its determined meaning, consider whether the evidence was

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sufficient to overcome the statutory defense.” Id. at 161. On remand, the court of

appeals stated:

      Again, the § 37.10(f) defense applies if “the false entry or false information
      could have no effect on the government’s purpose for requiring the
      governmental record.” Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 37.10(f). The plain
      language of § 37.10(f) seems to assume the existence of two facts: (1) that
      the government “requir[ed]” the record at issue; and (2) that the
      government had a “purpose” for requiring the record. See id. These facts
      are not essential elements of the offense which the State must allege or
      prove. See id. § 37.10(a); Chambers, 580 S.W.3d at 156 (“Under the plain
      text of the statute, the purpose is relevant to the defense to prosecution,
      not an element of the offense.”). But if appellant met his burden to
      produce evidence supporting these facts and the other elements of the
      § 37.10(f) defense, then he would be entitled to an instruction on the
      defense, and the State’s burden would include proving beyond a
      reasonable doubt that the defense is untrue. See Zuliani [v. State], 97 S.W.3d
      [589,] 594 [(Tex. Crim App. 2003)].

Chambers v. State, No. 13-16-00079-CR, 2020 WL 1856465, at *3 (Tex. App.—Corpus

Christi–Edinburg Apr. 9, 2020, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication).

Therefore, Chambers does not provide authority for Mayberry’s argument that she was

entitled to the defensive instruction because Judge Vinson’s testimony shows that his

office suffered no adverse consequences from her actions.

      Mayberry’s burden of production requires her to adduce some evidence that

would support a rational finding in her favor on the defensive issue. See Braughton v.

State, 569 S.W.3d 592, 608–09 (Tex. Crim. App. 2018). The elements of the

Section 37.10(f) defense are (1) proof of the government’s purpose for requiring the

governmental record, and (2) proof that the false document could have no effect on

that purpose. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 37.10(f); Shelley v. State, No. 08-02-00031-CR,

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2002 WL 31777637, at *2 (Tex. App.—El Paso Dec. 12, 2002, no pet.) (not designated

for publication). The State’s burden of persuasion does not require it to introduce

evidence disproving the defense; rather, it requires the State to prove its case beyond a

reasonable doubt. Braughton, 569 S.W.3d at 608–09.

      Judge Vinson’s Order for Deferred Disposition required Mayberry to complete

22.5 hours of community supervision and to submit a certification of compliance. Upon

her compliance with the order for deferred disposition, Mayberry’s speeding case would

be dismissed. The evidence at trial showed that the purpose of the Certificate of

Community Supervision was to prove compliance with the Order for Deferred

Disposition and to allow the proper disposition of the speeding case. Therefore, to be

entitled to the defensive instruction, Mayberry was required to produce evidence that

the falsified Certificate of Community Service would have no effect on the

government’s purpose for requiring that governmental record—obtaining proof that

she complied with the terms of her deferred adjudication to allow dismissal of her

speeding case. Mayberry did not meet her burden.

      Mayberry contends that Judge Vinson’s candid testimony that his office suffered

no adverse consequences from her falsifying the Certificate of Community Service

provides evidence that entitles her to the defensive instruction; however, as previously

discussed, that testimony does not raise evidence on the elements of the defense. There

is no evidence in the record to show that Mayberry’s submission of a falsified Certificate

of Community Service had no effect on the government’s purpose of obtaining proof

                                            8
that she complied with the terms of her deferred adjudication to allow dismissal of the

speeding case. The trial court did not err by denying Mayberry’s requested jury

instruction on the statutory defense to tampering with a government record. We

overrule her first point.

                                  III. Attorney’s Fees

       In her second point, Mayberry argues that the trial court erred by requiring her

to reimburse the cost of her appointed counsel. Mayberry had retained counsel at trial

but applied to have appointed counsel for her appeal. The State agrees with Mayberry

that the trial court erred by requiring her to reimburse the cost of her appointed counsel.

       The order appointing appellate counsel contained the following provision:

        ✓ APPOINTMENT WITH REIMBURSEMENT
       The defendant is entitled to the appointment of counsel because _✓_
       defendant is indigent; ✓ it is in the interests of justice. Defendant
       presently has financial resources and/or an ability to pay all or part of the
       cost of legal services and related expenses to be provided. The defendant
       is appointed counsel in this matter; however defendant shall contribute to
       the cost of the legal services and related expenses.

The order appears to be a form used in Parker County for the appointment of counsel.

See Jones v. State, No. 02-21-00214-CR, 2023 WL 3017656, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth

Apr. 20, 2023, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Guevara v. State,

No. 02-21-00069-CR, 2022 WL 1042919, at *1 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Apr. 7, 2022,

no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Furstonberg v. State, Nos. 02-21-

00078-CR, 02-21-00079-CR, 02-21-00080-CR, 2022 WL 5240473 at *4 (Tex. App.—

                                            9
Fort Worth Oct. 6, 2022, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication). In each

of those cases, this court found error in the order requiring the reimbursement of

attorney’s fees.

       We once again find error in the order requiring reimbursement of attorney’s fees.

Article 26.05(g) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure provides that

       [i]f the judge determines that a defendant has financial resources that
       enable the defendant to offset in part or in whole the costs of the legal
       services provided to the defendant in accordance with Article 1.051(c) or
       (d), including any expenses and costs, the judge shall order the defendant
       to pay during the pendency of the charges or, if convicted, as a
       reimbursement fee the amount that the judge finds the defendant is able
       to pay.

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.05(g).

       In this case, the application for appointed counsel was reviewed by an intake

coordinator for Parker County who found that Mayberry appears to qualify as indigent.

The order checked both that Mayberry is indigent and also that appointment was in the

interest of justice. “A defendant who is determined by the court to be indigent is

presumed to remain indigent for the remainder of the proceedings in the case unless a

material change in the defendant’s financial circumstances occurs.” Id. art. 26.04(p). The

defendant’s financial resources and ability to pay are explicit critical elements in the trial

court’s determination of the propriety of ordering reimbursement of costs and fees.

Mayer v. State, 309 S.W.3d 552, 556 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). There is nothing in the

record to show a material change in Mayberry’s financial circumstances after the

appointment of counsel to represent her on appeal. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann.

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art. 26.04(p); Furstonberg, 2022 WL 5240473, at *4. In addition, there is no evidence that

Mayberry had the financial resources to meet the ability-to-pay standard. See Jones, 2023

WL 3017656, at *3; Guevara, 2022 WL 1042919, at *3.

       Moreover, the order appointing counsel is not signed by the trial judge, but rather

it is signed by the court coordinator. 1 Therefore, there is no determination by the trial

judge, as required by Article 26.05(g), that Mayberry has the financial resources to pay

all or part of the cost of her legal services. We conclude that the order requiring

reimbursement was in error. We sustain her second point.

                                 IV. Conclusion

       Because we overrule Mayberry’s first point, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

Having sustained Mayberry’s second point, we modify the trial court’s order appointing

counsel to delete the finding that Mayberry has the ability to contribute to the costs of

her legal fees.

                                                        /s/ Wade Birdwell

                                                        Wade Birdwell
                                                        Justice

Do Not Publish
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)

Delivered: September 28, 2023

       Article 26.04 authorizes the judges of the county court, statutory county courts,
       1

and district courts trying criminal cases in the county, or the judges’ designee, to appoint
counsel for indigent defendants in the county. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.04(b).
We note that neither the appointment nor the record reflects an order from the judge
making such a designation.

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