Court Opinion

ID: 4284516
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-06-14 20:00:35.644387+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:08:13.739609
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                               JUN 14 2018
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MICHAEL HEIT,                                    No.   16-35981

              Plaintiff-Appellant,               D.C. No. 2:15-cv-01805-JCC

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
AEROTEK, INC.,

              Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Western District of Washington
                  John C. Coughenour, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted June 12, 2018**
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: D.W. NELSON and WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and PREGERSON,***
District Judge.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable Dean D. Pregerson, United States District Judge for
the Central District of California, sitting by designation.
      Michael Heit (“Heit”) appeals the district court’s granting summary

judgment to Aerotek, Inc. (“Aerotek”) on his claims for disability discrimination

under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) and the Washington Law

Against Discrimination (“WLAD”). We “review the district court’s grant . . . of

motions for summary judgment de novo.” Animal Legal Defense Fund v. U.S.

Food & Drug Admin., 836 F.3d 987, 988 (9th Cir. 2016) (citations and internal

quotation marks omitted). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we

AFFIRM.

      1. Heit failed to raise a genuine dispute of fact as to whether he actually

suffers from Shy Bladder Syndrome.1 He produced a doctor’s note stating he has

this condition, but that doctor later testified she never conducted any medical

examination on Heit, did not review his records, and merely wrote down what he

told her during their conversation. Without the note, Heit is left with only his own

      1
         According to Heit, Shy Bladder Syndrome, also known as paruresis, is
characterized by the inability to “urinate in a public restroom if others are there, if
under pressure, or if [the individual has] any sense that someone is looking over
[his] shoulder.” The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth
Edition categorizes paruresis as a type of Social Anxiety Disorder. An individual
diagnosed with the Disorder fears certain social situations where “he or she [might]
be negatively evaluated.” The fear is “out of proportion to the actual threat posed,”
“is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance . . . or another
medical condition,” and “is not better explained by the symptoms of another
mental disorder.”

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testimony regarding his condition. “[L]ay witnesses [like Heit, however, are]

incompetent to testify as to the existence . . . of [medical] illnesses.” Frisone v.

United States, 270 F.2d 401, 403 (9th Cir. 1959) (citations omitted). While he is

competent to testify about the effects of the alleged condition—that he was unable

to urinate during the drug tests—the “cause of such a condition is a medical

question . . . not within the certain knowledge of laymen,” and “must be proved by

expert testimony.” Nelson v. Murphy, 42 Wash. 2d 737, 740 (1953); see also

Frisone, 270 F.2d at 403 (citations omitted); Felkins v. City of Lakewood, 774 F.3d

647, 651–52 (10th Cir. 2014) (citing Fed. R. Evid. 701). Accordingly, Heit cannot

rely on his testimony alone to raise a genuine dispute of fact about whether he

actually suffers from paruresis.

      2. Even if Heit had raised a dispute about whether he suffers from paruresis,

summary judgment was still proper because he raises no issues with respect to his

failure-to-accommodate claims. The record establishes that Aerotek did not

accommodate Heit’s request for alternative drug testing because it did not have the

requisite documentation to determine what kind of testing would be appropriate.

An employer has a right to this documentation under both the ADA and the

WLAD. See Vinson v. Thomas, 288 F.3d 1145, 1153 (9th Cir. 2002) (citation

omitted) (ADA); Wash. Rev. Code § 49.60.040(7)(d)(ii) (requiring “medical

                                           3
documentation” for accommodation purposes). Because Heit was responsible for

the breakdown of the interactive process, the district court properly granted

summary judgment in favor of Aerotek. See Dep’t of Fair Emp’t & Hous. v.

Lucent Techs., Inc., 642 F.3d 728, 743 (9th Cir. 2011) (dismissing failure-to-

accommodate claim under California law where the plaintiff was responsible for

breakdown); Maxwell v. State, Dep’t of Corr., 91 Wash. App. 171, 180 (1998)

(same, under Washington law).

      AFFIRMED.

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