Court Opinion

ID: 9672829
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-24 04:01:01.519545+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:16:18.603328
License: Public Domain

WAHL, Justice
(concurring specially).
I concur with the opinion of Mr. Justice Todd on first and second issues and in the result but would prefer that the court take the following stance on the third issue:
The remaining issue on this appeal concerns defendant Hedlund only. He argues that the indictment against him should have been dismissed because of a promise of immunity made to him by the state before his grand jury testimony in June 1975 and that an evidentiary hearing should have been held on this question. It is incredible to this court that such a knowledgeable, sophisticated defendant, who was represented by competent counsel from the time he testified at the first grand jury hearing, did not raise a known issue of this magnitude in a motion under Rule 10, Rules of Criminal Procedure, to be heard and determined at the omnibus hearing which was held on February 9 and 10,1976.1 The issue could have been fully litigated at that time. Counsel from the attorney general’s office, who had allegedly made the promise, were present in court and could have been examined. Instead, defendant Hedlund chose to wait until February 25, 1976, to move for dismissal of the indictment on the ground of promised immunity and until even later to petition for an evidentiary hearing to explore the issue.
It is interesting to noté that in affidavits to this court, in support of a petition for a writ of prohibition, both Hedlund and the attorney who represented him at the grand jury proceeding stated that the only immunity offered to Hedlund prior to his appearance before the grand jury was use and derivative use immunity, while on appeal it is contended that he was offered full transactional immunity. Further, in none of the affidavits presented in support of defendant Hedlund’s motion or petitions has he delineated any specific evidence derived from his grand jury testimony which became the basis for his conviction.
We would have preferred that the issue be litigated and on the record for review, but under the facts and circumstances of this case we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s denial of defendant Hed-lund’s motion to dismiss the indictment and his petition for a further evidentiary hearing.
Affirmed.

. Failure to include in a Rule 10 motion all defenses, objections, issues and requests then available to the moving party constitutes a waiver thereof unless the court grants relief from the waiver for good cause shown. Rule 10.03, Rules of Criminal Procedure. The court in defendant Hedlund’s case did not grant relief from the waiver, nor did the issue raised go to the jurisdiction of the court.