Court Opinion

ID: 4219871
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-11-13 21:22:11.39409+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:42:04.664366
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

                                            )
In the Matter of the Marriage of            )       No. 75466-1-1
                                            )
DANA LYNN GORDON,                           )       DIVISION ONE                         -71      77

                                            )                                                  -1-
                                                                                                 .4
                                                                                                    r

                      Appellant,            )                                      =I*         rrl LT,

                                            )                                      y;          r-
       and                                  )                                      CJ1   or:).—
                                            )                                            =_^
ROBERT EARL GORDON,                         )       UNPUBLISHED
                                            )
                      Respondent.           )       FILED: November 13, 2017
                                            )

       COX, J. — Dana Gordon appeals from the trial court's order denying in

part her petition to modify several provisions of a child support order. But the

record fails to support Gordon's claim that the trial court based its child support

calculation on erroneous or incomplete financial information. Nor has Gordon

demonstrated that substantially changed circumstances warranted modification

of the parties' prior agreement for funding postsecondary educational expenses

and other miscellaneous expenses. We affirm.

       Appellant Dana Gordon and respondent Robert Gordon were married in

1997 and dissolved their marriage in 2012. At the time of the dissolution, the

couple's three children were 15, 13, and 11. Under the terms of an agreed

property settlement, Dana' received assets worth more than $4 million, including

two houses and a brokerage account worth about $700,000.

     To avoid confusion, we refer to the parties by their first names.
No. 75466-1-1/2

      The parties also entered into an agreed final child support order. Among

other things, the order specified that the parents had funded separate accounts

to pay college expenses for each of the three children. If the accounts became

insufficient, the parties agreed that Robert would pay 54 percent and Dana 46

percent of any additional postsecondary educational expenses, up to the yearly

cost "at a state-supported institution in the State of Washington." The parties had

also funded trust accounts for all three children to cover car expenses when they

became old enough to drive. The parties' oldest son began attending Gonzaga

University in 2015.

       On February 26, 2016, Dana petitioned for modification of the agreed

2012 child support order, asking the court to modify Robert's child support

obligation and to modify the postsecondary education provision.

       Following a hearing on June 24, 2016, at which both parties were

represented by counsel, the trial court entered a final order of child support. The

court set Robert's gross monthly income at $21,250, approximately the same

amount that he was earning in 2012. The court set Dana's gross monthly income

at $8,186, a decrease over 2012 as a result of a decrease in her monthly

maintenance.

       The court modified the monthly child support obligations based in part on

the decrease in Dana's monthly income, and set Robert's transfer payment at

$1,373.16 per month, the standard calculation, for the two children who had not

yet turned 18. The court declined to modify the parties' postsecondary education

agreement, finding "no substantial change of circumstances." But the court            •

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No. 75466-1-1/3

clarified the provision to specify that the cap on college expenses for a state

institution would be the costs of attending the University of Washington. The

court also found that both parties had "substantial financial resources" to pay any

college expenses not covered by the college accounts.

         On appeal, Dana contends the trial court erred by relying on inaccurate

income calculations and by refusing to modify the parties' 2012 postsecondary

education agreement.

         At the outset, we note that most of the factual allegations and legal

arguments in Dana's appellate brief are unsupported by any meaningful

reference to the record or relevant authority, in violation of the Rules of Appellate

Procedure (RAP). Dana's Statement of the Case and other supporting factual

allegations consist primarily of conclusory recitations of her own thoughts and

intentions, argumentative allegations of Robert's wrongdoing, and inadmissible

hearsay.

         For example, RAP 10.3(a)(5) requires that the statement of the case be

"[a] fair statement of the facts and procedure relevant to the issues presented for

review, without argument. Reference to the record must be included for each

factual statement."2 Legal argument in the brief must include "citations to legal

authority and references to relevant parts of the record."3

         Dana's violations of the appellate rules are not mere technicalities. An

appellate court will not search through the record for evidence relevant to a

    2   RAP 10.3(a)(5)(emphasis added).
    3   RAP 10.3(a)(6).

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No. 75466-1-1/4

litigant's arguments.4 Moreover, this court may decline to consider issues

unsupported by legal argument and citation to relevant authority.5 Although we

recognize that Dana is pro se on appeal, we hold self-represented litigants to the

same standard as an attorney.6

                                Standard of Review

        The trial court has authority to modify a child support order under various

conditions, including a substantial change of circumstances, the passage of more

than one year, and a showing that the original support order "in practice works a

severe economic hardship on either party or the child."' We review the trial

court's decision on a petition for child support modification for an abuse of

discretion.° Consequently, to prevail on appeal, Dana must demonstrate that the

trial court's decision was manifestly unreasonable or was based on untenable

grounds or untenable reasons.° We will not disturb findings of fact supported by

substantial evidence.'°

        Generally, we do not consider issues raised for the first time on appeal

unless the claimed error is a manifest error affecting a constitutional right."'

    4See Mills v. Park, 67 Wn.2d 717, 721,409 P.2d 646 (1966).
    5 See Saunders v. Lloyd's of London, 113 Wn.2d 330, 345, 779 P.2d 249(1989).
   6 See In re Pers. Restraint of Rhem, 188 Wn.2d 321, 328, 394 P.3d 367(2017).
   7 RCW 26.09.170(1),(5), (6)(a).
   8 In re Marriage of Griffin, 114 Wn.2d 772, 776, 791 P.2d 519(1990).
   9 In re Marriage of Littlefield, 133 Wn.2d 39, 46-47, 940 P.2d 1362(1997).
   10 In re Marriage of Lutz, 74 Wn. App. 356, 370, 873 P.2d 566(1994).
   11 Vernon v. Aacres Al!vest, LLC, 183 Wn. App. 422, 427, 333 P.3d 534 (2014);
RAP 2.5(a)(3).

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No. 75466-1-1/5

                                Incomplete Evidence

       Dana contends the trial court erred in conducting the modification hearing

without having all of the evidence before it. She contends the court failed to

consider 14 exhibits that were "missing" from the court's copy of Robert's trial

notebook. She claims the "missing" exhibits caused the court to underestimate

Robert's income. This contention is frivolous.

       The verbatim report shows that at the beginning of the hearing, the trial

court informed counsel that it was missing 14 exhibits from its copy of the trial

notebook. Robert's counsel explained that he had intended to use the exhibits

during the hearing. Rather than continuing the hearing, the parties and court

agreed that counsel could simply hand up counsel's copies of the exhibits as

necessary during argument. The hearing then proceeded. Dana fails to

demonstrate that any exhibits were "missing," that she was unable to present all

of her evidence to the court, or that the court failed to consider all available

evidence.

                                  Parents'Income

       Dana argues that the trial court erred in overestimating her income and

underestimating Robert's income. These claims are meritless.

       Dana asserts that her gross income should be calculated at either $3,750

per month, or $5,050 per month. She provides no meaningful citation to the

record to support these calculations. At the modification hearing, Dana's counsel

asserted that her monthly gross income "should be roughly [$6,508]."

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No. 75466-1-1/6

       Moreover, in support of her modification petition, Dana submitted a

financial declaration calculating her monthly gross income to be $10,197. She

now alleges that she was somehow misled by her counsel and that she "did not

know she could amend or update her financial declaration." These allegations

are not part of the record and therefore do not demonstrate any error in the trial

court's calculation of the parties' income.12

       The trial court calculated Dana's gross monthly income as $8,186, based

on her $5,000 monthly maintenance and the monthly income of $1,666 from her

Palm Springs rental home and $1,520 in dividends that Dana reported in her

financial declaration. The court declined to impute additional income to Dana.

Substantial evidence supports the court's calculation.

       Dana also acknowledges that the trial court accepted her calculation of

Robert's gross monthly income as $21,250. On appeal, she does not allege,

much less demonstrate, that the evidence before the trial court failed to support

this calculation.

       Rather, Dana now alleges, among other things, that Robert concealed

vast amounts of income from the court. Nothing in the record supports her

claims.

       Dana also contends that the trial court should have (1) imputed monthly

income to Robert in excess of $21,250 "based on his extravagant and selfish

lifestyle"; (2)found Robert voluntarily underemployed;(3) deviated upward from

    12 See State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322, 338, 899 P.2d 1251 (1995)(appellate
court will not consider matters outside the record).

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No. 75466-1-1/7

the standard child support calculation; and (4)found all three children dependent

and ordered Robert to pay an addition $2,000 monthly in child support until the

children turn 23. Because all of these issues are raised for the first time on

appeal, we decline to address them.

                         Postsecondaty Educational Expenses

         Dana contends that the trial court erred in denying her petition to modify

the parties' agreement on funding postsecondary educational expenses. She

contends the college accounts created at the time of the dissolution are

insufficient to fund the costs of in-state private colleges or out-of-state colleges.

She claims the court should have eliminated the cap on college expenses in the

parties' agreement and ordered Robert "to fully fund college for all the boys."

         The trial court has broad discretion to order support for postsecondary

education.13 When exercising its discretion to award postsecondary educational

support, the trial court considers a variety of factors, including:

         Age of the child; the child's needs; the expectations of the parties
         for their children when the parents were together; the child's
         prospects, desires, aptitudes, abilities or disabilities; the nature of
         the postsecondary education sought; and the parents' level of
         education, standard of living, and current and future resources.
         Also to be considered are the amount and type of support that the
         child would have been afforded if the parents had stayed
         together.041
         On appeal, Dana argues that the trial court failed to consider these

factors, and provides a lengthy account of the children's activities and academic

skills, the parents' education opportunities, and the parents' pre-dissolution

    13   In re Marriage of Sprute, 186 Wn. App. 342, 354, 344 P.3d 730(2015).
    14   RCW 26.19.090(2); Marriage of Sprute, 186 Wn. App. at 354-55.

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No. 75466-1-1/8

intentions for their children's education. But Dana does not identify any evidence

in the record that supports these allegations or indicates how she presented this

issue to the trial court.

       Dana also alleges that if she pays the remaining college expenses of the

oldest son "by herself, it will affect her ability to take care"15 of the remaining two -

children. Once again, Dana identifies no support in the record for this claim. The

trial court's finding that "both parties have substantial financial resources" to pay

college expenses not covered by the existing accounts is essentially

unchallenged on appeal.

       Moreover, Dana's arguments ignore the fact that the trial court here was

not asked to consider an initial award of postsecondary support. Rather, Dana

petitioned the court to modify an already existing agreement on postsecondary

education expenses.

       During its oral decision, the court observed that "[t]tle mother has not

argued to this Court what change in circumstances has occurred that I should be

modifying this provision."16 On appeal, Dana has not presented any coherent

argument challenging the court's observation.17 The trial court did not err or

abuse its discretion in denying the petition to modify the parties' 2012 agreement

on postsecondary education expenses.

     15 See Marriage of Sprute, 186 Wn. App. at 355 (trial court abuses its discretion if it
awards postsecondary support that would force a parent into bankruptcy or prevent a .
parent from meeting obligation to minor child).
     16 Report of Proceedings (June 24, 2016) at 29.
     17 See In re Marriage of Moore, 49 Wn. App. 863, 865, 746 P.2d 844(1987)(A
substantial change of circumstances must be something that was not contemplated at
the time that the last child support order was entered.).

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No. 75466-1-1/9

                             Extracurricular Expenses

       Dana contends that there are extracurricular expenses "that need to be

divided between the parents according to proportionate income" and that there

needs to be "an allowance [for the children]for cars, computer, insurance, car

maintenance etc. and spending money." Dana's conclusory allegations fail to

identify the precise nature of the alleged error.

       Dana's arguments appear to be directed primarily to a dispute over the

funding of the children's cars. In her petition for modification, Dana asked the

court to order Robert to pay a proportionate share of the "cost of a reasonable

car" for each of the three children. Dana proposed that the reasonable cost of a

car would be $25,000 to $35,000.

       The trial court denied the request, noting the parties' existing 2012

agreement that car-related expenses, including "vehicle acquisition costs" and

maintenance, would be paid from each child's trust fund. On appeal, Dana

acknowledges that she purchased cars for each of the three children at a total

cost of about $75,000, without using funds from any of the trust accounts. Under

the circumstances, Dana has failed to demonstrate any error in the trial court's

refusal to modify the parties' agreement regarding vehicle purchase and

maintenance.

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No. 75466-1-1/10

         We affirm the order denying in part the petition to modify the child support

order.

WE CONCUR:

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