Court Opinion

ID: 3040258
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 23:02:35.365143+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:37:59.131756
License: Public Domain

Opinions of the United
2008 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

1-14-2008

USA v. Venord
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 06-2880

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Recommended Citation
"USA v. Venord" (2008). 2008 Decisions. Paper 1752.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2008/1752

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                                                            NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                        FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                 ____________

                                  No. 06-2880
                                 ____________

                       UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                       v.

                               SEIDE VENORD,

                                                    Appellant
                                 ____________

                 On Appeal from the United States District Court
                    for the District of Eastern Pennsylvania
                         District Court No.: 05-cr-0226
                   District Judge: Honorable John R. Padova
                                 ____________

                   Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                               January 8, 2008

          Before: FISHER, HARDIMAN and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.

                            (Filed: January 14, 2008)

                           OPINION OF THE COURT
                                ____________

HARDIMAN, Circuit Judge.
       Seide Venord appeals his judgment of conviction on forty-three counts of money

laundering following a jury trial. “We construe the evidence in the light most favorable

to the government, as the verdict winner.” United States v. Kemp, 500 F.3d 257, 265 n.4

(3d Cir. 2007) (citation omitted).

       Venord owned and operated a Philadelphia check-cashing business which was the

target of a sting operation by the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

Beginning in August 2003, a male informant using twenty different identification cards

— five of which depicted photographs of women — purchased blank money orders with

cash that he sometimes told Venord was “drug money.” The informant wired some

$150,000 in cash, exchanged nearly $118,000 for money orders, and paid almost $42,000

in fees to Venord, who was either present for, or participated in, all forty-three

transactions for which he was convicted.

       On appeal, Venord claims that the District Court erred when it instructed the jury

that the trial was a “quest for truth” and defined reasonable doubt as an “honest doubt.”

Because Venord failed to object to the jury charge, we review for plain error, see United

States v. Milan, 304 F.3d 273, 284 (3d Cir. 2002), which requires Venord to show: (1) an

error; (2) which is clear or obvious; and (3) which affects substantial rights; and (4) which

“seriously affect[ed] the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.”

United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 733-34 (1993). “It is the rare case in which an

improper instruction will justify reversal of a criminal conviction when no objection has

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been made in the trial court.” Albrecht v. Horn, 485 F.3d 103, 129 (3d Cir. 2007)

(quoting Henderson v. Kibbe, 431 U.S. 145, 154 (1977)).

       Because the Due Process Clause requires the government to prove a criminal

defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, “trial courts must avoid defining reasonable

doubt so as to lead the jury to convict on a lesser showing than due process requires.”

United States v. Hernandez, 176 F.3d 719, 728 (3d Cir. 1999) (citation omitted). When a

trial court defines the term “reasonable doubt,” no particular words are required; instead,

“[t]he law requires only that the concept be correctly conveyed to the jury when it is

defined.” Id. (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). When faced with a

challenge to jury instructions, “we consider the totality of the instructions and not a

particular sentence or paragraph in isolation. The issue is whether [. . .] the charge as a

whole fairly and adequately submits the issues in the case to the jury.” United States v.

Thayer, 201 F.3d 214, 221 (3d Cir. 1999) (internal citations and quotation marks

omitted).

       When we apply the foregoing principles to Venord’s case, it is clear that the

District Court did not err. First, we note that twice the District Court properly defined

guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. See Appendix at 606-08 and 630-32. Moreover, the

District Court repeatedly stated that the Government bore the burden of proving Venord’s

guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. See id. at 615, 619, 621, 623-24. For these reasons, and

because we have held that jury instructions defining “reasonable doubt” as “honest doubt”

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are not erroneous, see, e.g., United States v. Polan, 970 F.3d 1280, 1286 (3d Cir. 1992),

we find no error in the District Court’s use of the phrase “honest doubt.”

       Although the District Court defined the trial as “a quest for truth as to the facts,” it

did not define “reasonable doubt” as the “quest for truth.” Instead, the District Court was

merely explaining to the jury the purpose of trials. See Smith v. Borough of Wilkinsburg,

147 F.3d 272, 278 (3d Cir. 1998) (“[i]t is black letter law that it is the inescapable duty of

the trial judge to instruct the jurors, fully and correctly, on the applicable law of the case,

and to guide, direct, and assist them toward an intelligent understanding of the legal and

factual issues involved in their search for the truth.”) (citation, alterations, and internal

quotation marks omitted) (emphasis added). The District Court in no way equated — or

even connected — the Government’s burden of proof with this quest. That being so, we

cannot see how this reference could have confused the jury about the Government’s

burden of proof, particularly when the trial judge repeatedly reminded the jury of the

Government’s burden and its parameters. See Milan, 304 F.3d 273, 285-86 (explaining

that a court’s “single, isolated utterance of the phrase ‘moral certainty’” in its discussion

of reasonable doubt did not require reversal where the jury instructions viewed as a whole

included the proper burden of proof and the meaning of reasonable doubt was explained

at length).

       Read in context, the phrase “quest for truth” did not encourage jurors to convict

Venord based on their individual views of the truth. Thus, the instructions at issue here

are materially distinguishable from the improper charge given in Hernandez. See 176
4
F.3d at 729-31 (finding unconstitutional this instruction: “[i]t’s what you in your own

heart and your own soul and your own spirit and your own judgment determine is proof

beyond a reasonable doubt”).

       For the foregoing reasons, Venord’s is not the “rare case” in which reversal is

required. Accordingly, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

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