Court Opinion

ID: 9903560
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-27 15:53:27.521181+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:22:24.317829
License: Public Domain

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
                      FIFTH DISTRICT

                                   NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
                                   FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
                                   DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED
RANDY RHOADES, III,

            Appellant,
                                           Case No. 5D21-2295
v.                                         LT Case No. 2014-CA-25416

LILMISSETTE RODRIGUEZ,

          Appellee.
________________________________/

Opinion filed February 3, 2023

Appeal from the Circuit Court
for Brevard County,
Curt Jacobus, Judge.

Derek J. Angell, of Roper, P.A.,
Orlando, for Appellant.

Maegen Peek Luka, of Newsome
Melton, P.A., Orlando, and Jeffrey M.
Byrd, of Jeffrey M. Byrd, P.A.,
Orlando, for Appellee.

PER CURIAM.

      Appellee, Lilmissette Rodriguez, (“Plaintiff”) filed a negligence action

against Appellant, Randy Rhoades, III, (“Defendant”) for injuries sustained
when the motor vehicle she was driving was struck by Defendant’s motor

vehicle. The first trial in the case ended during the presentation of testimony

when the predecessor trial judge declared a mistrial. Prior to the second trial,

Plaintiff filed a Motion for Sanctions Against Defendant for Fraud on the Court

and a Motion for Sanctions due to Ongoing Illegal Conduct. The motions

alleged that defense counsel, Dale Gobel, had intentionally made misleading

and deceptive statements to the judge and jury in the first trial resulting in

the mistrial, and that defense counsel had utilized improper discovery

procedures in the case to obtain medical records from Plaintiff’s treating

physicians. The court held a lengthy hearing on Plaintiff’s motions and

ultimately granted the motions and struck Defendant’s pleadings. The

second trial proceeded to verdict, where the jury awarded far less damages

than the amount sought by Plaintiff. The trial court subsequently granted

Plaintiff’s motion for additur. When Defendant rejected the additur, a new trial

was ordered.

      On appeal, Defendant seeks review of the order granting new trial and

the order imposing sanctions. We affirm, in part, reverse, in part, and remand

for a new trial on all issues.

      First, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

ordering a new trial after Defendant rejected an additur. See Van v. Schmidt,

                                       2
122 So. 3d 243, 253–54 (Fla. 2013) (holding that highly deferential abuse of

discretion standard applies on appellate review where trial court grants new

trial on grounds that jury verdict was contrary to manifest weight of evidence;

mere showing that there was evidence in record to support jury verdict does

not demonstrate abuse of discretion).

      Next, we conclude that sufficient evidence supported the trial court’s

determination that in the first trial and in the motions for sanctions hearing,

defense counsel made “intentionally misleading and deceptive statements”

regarding his prior professional relationship and experiences with one of the

physician witnesses. As the determiner of witness credibility, the trial court

could properly reject attorney Gobel’s claims of having failed to remember

prior interactions with the witness. We also find no error in the determination

that defense counsel had utilized improper discovery procedures in his effort

to obtain Plaintiff’s medical records. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s

decision that sanctions were warranted as a result of defense counsel’s

misconduct. The more difficult decision is determining whether the trial court

abused its discretion in striking Defendant’s pleadings.

      In Kozel v. Ostendorf, 629 So. 2d 817, 818 (Fla. 1993), our Supreme

Court set forth guidelines to assist trial courts in their task of sanctioning

parties for “acts of malfeasance and disobedience.” Those factors were:

                                      3
            1)    whether the attorney’s disobedience was willful,
       deliberate, or contumacious, rather than an act of neglect or
       inexperience;

            2)   whether     the   attorney   has   previously   been
       sanctioned;

             3)   whether the client was personally involved in the act
       of disobedience;

            4)   whether the delay prejudiced the opposing party
       through undue expense, loss of evidence, or in some other
       fashion;

            5)   whether the attorney offered reasonable justification
       for noncompliance; and

             6)   whether the delay created significant problems of
       judicial administration.

Id. at 818.

      In addition to finding that attorney Gobel’s misconduct was willful and

deliberate, the trial court correctly observed that other judges have found

misconduct on the part of attorney Gobel. See, e.g., Bowers v. Tillman, 323

So. 3d 322, 324 (Fla. 5th DCA 2021) (“The second event arises from

misconduct by defense counsel, Dale Gobel.”); Cemoni v. Ratner, 322 So.

3d 197, 201 (Fla. 5th DCA 2021) (Cohen, J., concurring) (“In my view, the

instant cases establish a continuing pattern of conduct by Mr. Gobel

designed to provoke the granting of mistrials. Mr. Gobel has occasioned

more mistrials in these two cases alone than most lawyers will have in an

                                     4
entire career.”); Plotkin v. Calhoun, et. al., No. 2014-CA-452 (Fla. 18th Cir.

Ct. July 8, 2020) (granting amended motion for sanctions and stating that

“[p]ursuant to Moakley v. Smallwood, 826 So. 2d 221 (2002), the court finds

that [defendant’s] counsel engaged in ‘extreme bad faith litigation’”);

Swanson v. State Farm, No. 2014-CA-009563-0 (Fla. 9th Jud. Cir. Mar. 16,

2017) (granting plaintiff’s motion for mistrial, stating “[t]he pervasiveness of

defense counsel’s comments and the cumulative nature of the comments

and improper testimony throughout the entirety of trial, as well as the

numerous violations of the Court’s orders on motions in limine mandate the

granting of a new trial”).

      However, in Ham v. Dunmire, 891 So. 2d 492, 497 (Fla. 2004), the

Court cautioned against the imposition of sanctions that “punish litigants too

harshly for the failures of counsel.” Here, there is no evidence that Defendant

participated in his counsel’s actions, nor is there evidence that Plaintiff was

prejudiced by defense counsel’s utilization of improper discovery

procedures. Furthermore, we cannot agree with the trial court’s apparent

determination that attorney Gobel’s misconduct was the sole cause of the

necessity to grant the earlier mistrial (and the resulting undue expenses and

negative impact on judicial administration emanating therefrom). Our review

                                       5
of the record reflects that both attorney Gobel and Plaintiff’s counsel, Jeffrey

Byrd, 1 had significant roles in causing the mistrial.

      After giving due consideration to the trial court’s findings, but also

giving consideration to the fact that both attorneys’ conduct contributed to

the need to declare a mistrial in the first trial, we conclude that the trial court

abused its discretion in striking Defendant’s pleadings. Instead, the trial court

should have imposed sanctions directly upon the individual who it found had

made “intentionally misleading and deceptive statements” to the court and/or

jury and who utilized improper discovery procedures. See Moakley v.

Smallwood, 826 So. 2d 221, 226 (Fla. 2002) (“We thus hold that a trial court

possesses the inherent authority to impose attorney’s fees against an

attorney for bad faith conduct.”); see also Robinson v. Ward, 203 So. 3d 984,

989 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016) (affirming imposition of sanctions against attorney

for attorney’s misconduct during jury trial in personal injury action). On

remand, the trial court is authorized to do so. It would be appropriate to

require attorney Gobel to personally pay for the reasonable costs and

attorney fees incurred by Plaintiff in preparation for, and participation in, the

      Attorney Byrd has also been criticized by our court for unprofessional
      1

conduct. See Vickers v. Thomas, 237 So. 3d 412, 415 (Fla. 5th DCA 2017);
Rasinski v. McCoy, 227 So. 3d 201, 202 n.1 (Fla. 5th DCA 2017); Beekie v.
Morgan, 751 So. 2d 694, 695–96 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000).

                                        6
hearing on Plaintiff’s motions for sanctions. Furthermore, it would be

appropriate for the trial court to require attorney Gobel to personally pay for

any fees billed by Dr. Mahan at the original trial given the trial court’s

determination that attorney Gobel had engaged in an intentionally misleading

and deceptive cross-examination of Dr. Mahan—a cross-examination that

necessitated Dr. Mahan being required to spend time and effort in gathering

documentation that tended to rebut attorney Gobel’s statements to the judge

and/or jury. Furthermore, although defense counsel’s utilization of improper

discovery procedures did not cause prejudice to Plaintiff, it was not

inappropriate for Plaintiff to seek court assistance to preclude defense

counsel from continuing to engage in such practices.

      For the benefit of the members of the Bar, we call attention to the two

particular instances where defense counsel’s utilization of improper

discovery techniques potentially serve as a basis for disciplinary sanctions.

First, the record reflects that after serving notices of intent to issue

subpoenas to non-party medical providers, defense counsel prematurely

issued the subpoenas in contravention of Florida Rule of Civil Procedure

1.351. Upon receiving a timely objection from opposing counsel, defense

counsel waited over two weeks before notifying the subpoena recipients that

they should not produce the requested documents. By that time, defense

                                      7
counsel had already received documents from four of the subpoenaed

medical providers.

      Recently, in Florida Bar v. Arugu, 350 So. 3d 1229 (Fla. 2022), the

Florida Supreme Court addressed a situation where, in a family law case,

attorney Arugu prepared and filed with the circuit court a “Notice of Production

from Non-Party,” along with a proposed subpoena duces tecum to a particular

mortgage company. Id. at 1231. The proposed subpoena listed several sets

of records Arugu wanted the mortgage company to produce pertaining to his

client’s wife and father-in-law. After the ten-day period to serve an objection

to the proposed subpoena expired, Arugu served a modified version of the

subpoena seeking the production of three additional sets of records. Id.

Despite receiving an objection from opposing counsel to the modified

subpoena, Arugu failed to notify the mortgage company, which ultimately

produced records in response to the modified subpoena. Id.

      The supreme court approved the Bar referee’s finding that Arugu had

violated the following rules of the Rules Regulating the Florida Bar: Rule 4-

3.4(c) (attorney must not knowingly disobey obligations under the rules of

tribunal); Rule 4-3.4(d) (attorney must not make frivolous discovery requests);

Rule 4-4.1 (in course of representing client, lawyer shall not knowingly make

false statement of material fact or law to third person); Rule 4-8.4(c) (lawyer

                                       8
shall not engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or

misrepresentation). Id. at 1232. Notably, the Court found that in addition to

violating the applicable discovery rules of procedure, Arugu had, in essence,

misrepresented to the mortgage company that it was obligated to produce the

requested documents. Id. at 1234. Here, in addition to violating Florida Rule

of Civil Procedure 1.351, defense counsel’s actions potentially contravened

the above-referenced Bar rules, as well.

      Second, as the trial court found, the record reflects that defense

counsel sought to obtain updated medical records from one of Plaintiff’s

medical providers without Plaintiff’s knowledge and consent by sending a

letter to the medical provider referencing a prior subpoena and the need for

“missing” records. As observed by our sister court, there is no authority for

the proposition that discovery subpoenas are continuing in nature, permitting

a treating physician subpoenaed once for records to continue to produce

updated records to the party that subpoenaed him upon an informal, ex parte

request. Figaro v. Bacon-Green, 734 So. 2d 579, 581 (Fla. 3d DCA 1999).

Such procedure improperly denies the plaintiff the opportunity to object to the

requested documents and potentially violates the Bar regulatory rules

referenced above.

                                       9
      In conclusion, we affirm the trial court’s order granting a new trial2 and

its determination that sanctions are warranted as a result of defense

counsel’s misconduct. However, we reverse the trial court’s order striking

Defendant’s pleadings. 3 On remand, the trial court may consider the

imposition of alternative sanctions as set forth in this opinion.

      AFFIRMED, in part; REVERSED, in part; REMANDED for a new trial.

EVANDER, J., concurs.
JAY, J., concurs, with opinion.
LAMBERT, C.J., concurs in part; dissents in part, with opinion.

      2
       Given our determination that Defendant’s pleadings should not have
been struck, the new trial shall be on all issues. Additionally, we have
directed the Clerk of our Court to forward a copy of this opinion to the Florida
Bar.
      3
        Our decision should not be interpreted as prohibiting a trial court
from striking a party's pleadings where the party was not involved in the
sanctionable conduct committed by his or her attorney. Rather we hold that,
under the facts of this case, it was error to do so.

                                       10
                                              5D21-2295
                                              LT Case No. 2014-CA-025416

JAY, J., concurring specially.

      I concur in the court’s opinion but write separately to address the

dissent’s argument that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in striking

Defendant’s pleadings.

      Striking a party’s pleadings is “the ultimate sanction,” Kozel v.

Ostendorf, 629 So. 2d 817, 818 (Fla. 1993), and “sounds the ‘death knell’” of

a party’s case. Rocka Fuerta Constr. Inc. v. Southwick, Inc., 103 So. 3d

1022, 1025 (Fla. 5th DCA 2012) (quoting Cox v. Burke, 706 So. 2d 43, 46

(Fla. 5th DCA 1998)). And while a client’s personal involvement in a lawyer’s

misconduct is only one of the Kozel factors, the Florida Supreme Court has

“reiterate[d] that the interests of justice . . . will not tolerate the imposition of

sanctions that punish litigants too harshly for the failures of counsel.” Ham v.

Dunmire, 891 So. 2d 492, 497 (Fla. 2004); see also Kozel, 629 So. 2d at 818

(“In our view . . . the court’s decision to dismiss the case based solely on the

attorney’s neglect unduly punishes the litigant and espouses a policy that

this Court does not wish to promote.”). Thus, “an action should not be

dismissed when the malfeasance can be adequately addressed through the

imposition of a contempt citation or lesser degree of punishment directly on

counsel.” Ham, 891 So. 2d at 498.

                                         11
      Indeed, this court has consistently held that “[i]f consideration of [the

Kozel] factors suggests the attorney was at fault and if a sanction less severe

than dismissal appears to be a viable alternative, the trial court should

employ such an alternative.” Erdman v. Bloch, 65 So. 3d 62, 66 (Fla. 5th

DCA 2011); see also Deutsche Bank Nat’l Tr. Co. v. Lippi, 78 So. 3d 81, 85

(Fla. 5th DCA 2012) (“Sanctions short of dismissing a case . . . are

appropriate when the errors are made by the attorney and not the client.”);

Am. Express Co. v. Hickey, 869 So. 2d 694, 695 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004)

(“Because dismissal is the ultimate sanction, it should be reserved for those

aggravated cases in which a lesser sanction would fail to achieve a just

result. Our review of the record suggests that dismissal with prejudice was

too severe a response to the transgressions of American Express’s

attorney.”); 5 Philip J. Padovano, West’s Fla. Practice Series § 12:2 (2022

ed.) (observing that an “appellate court is most likely to find an abuse of

discretion if the failure to comply was entirely the fault of counsel”).

      Here, the trial court found that Mr. Rhoades “was not involved in [Mr.

Gobel’s] disobedient acts.” Meaning, Mr. Rhoades played no part in his

lawyer’s misconduct. Instead, “Mr. Rhoades had little to no input on trial

strategies and procedures.” And Mr. Rhoades did not hire Mr. Gobel. Mr.

                                       12
Gobel was hired by Mr. Rhoades’ insurance carrier. 4 Given these facts, the

trial court abused its discretion when it struck Defendant’s pleadings for the

discovery actions of Mr. Gobel—actions that did not prejudice Plaintiff. See

Ham, 891 So. 2d at 499 (“[D]ismissal is far too extreme . . . in those cases

where discovery violations have absolutely no prejudice to the opposing

party.”).

      Striking a party’s pleadings is “strong medicine” that is reserved for

instances of “egregious” misconduct. Rocka Fuerta Constr. Inc., 103 So. 3d

at 1025. This means that “a fine, public reprimand, or contempt order may

often be the appropriate sanction . . . in those situations where the attorney,

and not the client, is responsible for the error.” Kozel, 629 So. 2d at 818. In

this case, reasonable alternative sanctions were available to the trial court.

Accordingly, the trial court erred in striking Defendant’s pleadings. See Ham,

891 So. 2d at 498 (“[E]xamination of the record and the circumstances

surrounding these failures plainly reveals that they did not warrant dismissal

of Ham’s action with prejudice.”); Shortall v. Walt Disney World Hosp., 997

So. 2d 1203, 1204 (Fla. 5th DCA 2008) (“Under these circumstances, it

      4
         The dissent cites Adams v. Barkman, 114 So. 3d 1021, 1024 (Fla.
5th DCA 2012), for the proposition that striking pleadings may motivate
litigants to stop hiring lawyers who engage in habitual misconduct. While that
may be true, such a rationale does not apply here where Mr. Rhoades did
not choose the lawyer his insurance company hired.

                                      13
appears that counsel’s failures did not ‘rise to the level of egregiousness

required to merit the extreme sanction of dismissal’ under Kozel.” (quoting

Scallan v. Marriott Int’l, Inc., 995 So. 2d 1066, 1068 (Fla. 5th DCA 2008)));

see also Beasley v. Girten, 61 So. 2d 179, 180–81 (Fla. 1952) (“The court

unquestionably has power to discipline counsel for refusal or failure to meet

the requirements of the rule. Such refusal may warrant a citation for contempt

or a lesser degree of punishment, but it is our view that the major punishment

for such delicts should ordinarily be imposed on counsel rather than on the

litigant.”).

                                     14
                                            5D21-2295
                                            LT Case No. 2014-CA-025416

LAMBERT, C.J., concurring, in part, and dissenting, in part.

      I concur in the majority opinion that the trial court did not abuse its

discretion in ordering a new trial after Defendant rejected an additur. I also

concur with the majority that sanctions should be imposed due to the

unprofessional behavior of defense counsel, Dale Gobel. I see no material

difference between Gobel’s misconduct here and that of the attorney in

Florida Bar v. Arugu, supra, which resulted in the Florida Supreme Court

suspending Mr. Arugu from the practice of law for ninety-one days. 350 So.

3d at 1231. As we have directed the Clerk of our Court to forward a copy of

this opinion to the Florida Bar, whether Mr. Gobel should be similarly

suspended from the practice of law (or longer) is best left to the Florida

Supreme Court, assuming that disciplinary proceedings are instituted by the

Florida Bar.

      Where I part ways with the majority is that I do not believe the trial court

abused its discretion with the sanction of striking the defendant’s pleadings.

In Adams v. Barkman, 114 So. 3d 1021, 1024 (Fla. 5th DCA 2012), this court

affirmed a final judgment awarding damages to the plaintiffs following a jury

trial after the trial court had stricken the defendant’s pleadings as a sanction

for their attorney’s misconduct during the course of the trial. We found “that

                                       15
the trial judge properly considered the Kozel factors, gave [defense counsel]

every opportunity to provide a valid explanation for his conduct, and

appropriately struck [the defendant’s] pleadings as a sanction.” Id. Pertinent

here, we wrote that “[b]y sanctioning a party as [the trial judge] did in this

case, maybe attorneys will get the message to either change their tactics or

clients will stop hiring them.” Id.

      As reflected in the majority opinion, Dale Gobel’s misconduct has been

repeatedly inflicted upon trial judges for several years in a number of cases.

By reversing the sanction imposed by the trial court, I suspect that Gobel will

not change his tactics and clients will continue to hire him, resulting in a

continuing, unabated, and unnecessary adverse effect on the administration

of justice in Florida courts.

      Accordingly, I would affirm as to the sanction imposed of striking the

defendant’s pleadings and would remand for a new trial only as to the issue

of damages.

                                      16