Court Opinion

ID: 9554496
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-09 13:08:42.896786+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:34:46.093844
License: Public Domain

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Michael J. Smith,                         : CASES CONSOLIDATED
                          Petitioner      :
                                          :
                 v.                       : No. 1045 C.D. 2022
                                          : No. 1046 C.D. 2022
City of Philadelphia (Workers’            :
Compensation Appeal Board),               :
                         Respondent       : Submitted: June 6, 2023

BEFORE:       HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
              HONORABLE LORI A. DUMAS, Judge
              HONORABLE STACY WALLACE, Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE WALLACE                                      FILED: August 9, 2023

        Michael J. Smith (Smith) petitions for review of the September 7, 2022 order
of the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Board) affirming the Workers’
Compensation Judge’s (WCJ) February 18, 2022 order that granted the City of
Philadelphia’s (Employer) Petition to Modify Compensation Benefits (Modification
Petition). On appeal, Smith argues the Board erred in affirming the WCJ’s decision
because it was not supported by substantial, competent evidence and was wrong as
a matter of law. After review, we affirm the Board.
   I.      Factual and Procedural Background
        Smith worked for Employer as a youth detention counselor. WCJ Decision,
2/28/22 (WCJ Dec.), Findings of Fact (F.F.) ¶ 8.a. Smith explained the position
involved, “counseling, physical restraining of aggressive kids — male and female,
and transporting children to court, medical appointments and/or trips to the
hospital.” Id. While acting in his role as a counselor, Smith sustained injuries on
two separate occasions: September 21, 2017, and July 10, 2019. Id. ¶ 8.b & c.
        On September 21, 2017, while assisting his partner with restraining a resident,
Smith was injured. Id. ¶ 8.b. On October 12, 2017, Employer submitted a Notice
of Compensation Payable (NCP) acknowledging Smith’s work injury as a strain or
tear injury to his left shoulder and low back. Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 284.
Employer paid Smith workers’ compensation benefits beginning September 22,
2017. Id. at 285. On December 8, 2017, Smith returned to full-duty work. WCJ
Dec., F.F. ¶ 8.b.
        On July 10, 2019, staff had to physically restrain a resident when escorting
him to his room. Id. ¶ 8.c. Smith tripped and fell during this incident and injured his
lower back. Id. After this injury, Employer issued an Amended NCP accepting
Smith’s July 10, 2019 work injury as a lower back area strain or tear. R.R. at 1.
Employer paid Smith workers’ compensation benefits beginning July 15, 2019. Id.
at 2.
        On October 30, 2020, Employer filed a Petition to Terminate or Suspend
Workers’ Compensation Benefits (Petition to Suspend) averring Smith was fully
recovered from his September 21, 2017 injury. R.R. at 5. Also on October 30, 2020,
Employer filed a Petition to Terminate Workers’ Compensation Benefits
(Termination Petition) asserting Smith was fully recovered from his July 10, 2019
injury. Id. at 8. In support of these two petitions, Employer offered a medical
opinion that Smith was fully recovered from his September 21, 2017, and July 10,
2019 work injuries as of May 28, 2020. Id. at 6, 8-9.

                                           2
            On November 17, 2020, Smith filed a Petition to Review Compensation
Benefits (Review Petition), alleging the description of his July 10, 2019 injury was
incorrect and should include “aggravation of lumbar degenerative disc disease.” Id.
at 11.
            On April 27, 2021, Employer filed the Modification Petition based on a
“Specific Job Offer.” Id. at 14. Employer alleged Smith was “capable of light[-]
duty work and as of April 8, 2021, a light[-]duty position is available, which was
offered to Claimant and to which he returned to work, but then stopped due to
personal reasons.” Id.
            The WCJ granted Smith’s Review Petition and denied Employer’s Petition to
Suspend and its Termination Petition.                 WCJ Dec., at 13.        The WCJ granted
Employer’s Modification Petition, modifying Smith’s benefits as of April 8, 2021.
Id. On September 7, 2022, the Board affirmed the WCJ. Board Opinion, 9/7/22
(Bd. Op.), at 9.
            On September 27, 2022, Smith filed a Petition for Review presenting the
following issue: “The [WCJ’s] decision to modify [Smith’s] benefits as of April 8,
2021, was not supported by substantial and competent evidence and was wrong as a
matter of law.” Petition for Review ¶ III.A.1
      II.      Discussion
            In a workers’ compensation appeal, we are limited to determining whether the
necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence, whether the Board
committed an error of law, or whether the Board’s decision violates a party’s
constitutional rights. See Elberson v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Elwyn, Inc.), 936
A.2d 1195, 1198 n.2 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007). Substantial evidence is such relevant

1
    On October 28, 2022, this Court consolidated the cases for disposition.

                                                  3
evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.
Republic Steel Corp. v. Workmen’s Comp. Appeal Bd. (Shinsky), 421 A.2d 1060,
1062 (Pa. 1980).
         Questions of credibility, conflicting medical evidence and evidentiary weight
fall within the WCJ’s authority, and the WCJ is free to accept the testimony of any
witness, including medical witnesses, in whole or in part. Ingrassia v. Workers’
Comp. Appeal Bd. (Universal Health Servs., Inc.), 126 A.3d 394, 399 n.5 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2015). The WCJ is the ultimate factfinder, but a WCJ must provide reasons
for accepting or rejecting evidence. Id. at 402-03.
         Under the Workers’ Compensation Act (Act),2 Section 306(b)(2),3 an
employer may seek modification of a claimant’s benefits by either offering the
claimant an available, specific job he can perform, or by establishing the claimant’s
earning power through expert opinion evidence. 77 P.S. §512(2).                  In this case
Employer did not establish Smith’s earning power with an expert opinion, but rather
relied on the offer of a specific job to support its Modification Petition.
         When an employer has an open position and seeks to modify a claimant’s
benefits, the employer must prove 1) the claimant is physically capable of
performing the work, and 2) the employer offered the specific job to claimant. South
Hills Health System v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Kiefer), 806 A.2d 962 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2002).

2
    Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §§ 1-1041.4, 2501-2710.

3
  Section 306(b)(2) was most recently amended by the Act of December 23, 2003, P.L. 371, No.
53.

                                                4
      Physically Capable
      On September 29, 2021, Smith testified before the WCJ via videoconference.
WCJ Dec., F.F. ¶ 8. Smith testified he had persistent, constant back pain. Id. ¶ 8.d.
He took “Flexeril, ibuprofen and a lidocaine patch,” as prescribed. Id. Smith said
he had pain across his low back every day, with some days worse than others. Id.
      Smith testified Employer asked him twice to return to work since July 10,
2019. Id. ¶ 8.e. The first time Smith returned to work, in March 2021, the job
required him to stand for eight hours. Id. Smith performed this job for two days and
claimed it caused him low back problems. Id. Smith testified Employer then offered
him a light-duty office clerk job on April 8, 2021. Id. ¶ 8.f. Smith worked for one
half-day in that position, then said his pain was unbearable and told a supervisor he
could not finish the day. Id. Employer sent Smith for an evaluation by one of its
designated workers’ compensation doctors at WorkNet. Id. ¶ 8.g. The WorkNet
doctors released Smith to light-duty work. Id.     The WCJ noted WorkNet doctors
already had released Smith to light-duty work as of August 2020. Id. ¶ 8.e.
      The WCJ accepted Smith’s testimony he was unable to return to his pre-injury
job as a youth detention counselor and was not fully recovered from either work
injury based on “the testimony and credibility in part of [Smith] himself.” Id. ¶ 19.
      In addition to Smith’s testimony, the WCJ received the testimony of two
medical witnesses. Employer submitted the deposition testimony of Scott Rushton,
M.D. (Dr. Rushton). Dr. Rushton is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon with a
subspecialty in spinal surgery. Id. ¶ 10.a. Dr. Rushton examined Smith on May 28,
2020, reviewed records and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and took Smith’s
account of his injuries. Id. ¶ 10.b, .e, .f. Dr. Rushton reviewed a functional capacity
evaluation of Smith that concluded he could perform medium-duty work. Id. ¶ 10.f.

                                          5
Dr. Rushton opined Smith was capable of returning to his pre-injury job as a youth
detention counselor. R.R. at 148.
       Smith submitted the deposition testimony of Kevin O’Donnell, D.O. (Dr.
O’Donnell), an orthopedic physician, board certified since 2018. WCJ Dec., F.F. ¶
12.a. Dr. O’Donnell examined Smith on three occasions and reviewed his MRI
reports. Id. ¶ 12.b, .d, .f, .h, .i. Dr. O’Donnell did not believe Smith could perform
his pre-injury job as a youth detention counselor. Id. ¶ 12.g. Dr. O’Donnell
reviewed a letter from Employer and understood in the office clerk job, Smith would
answer phones, type letters, walk around an office and hand out mail. R.R. at 71-
72. Dr. O’Donnell opined if Smith could get up, move around, and did not have to
sit the entire time, Smith could perform the office clerk job. WCJ Dec., F.F. ¶ 12.k.
       The WCJ accepted the testimony of Dr. O’Donnell over that of Dr. Rushton
based on “Dr. O’Donnell’s greater familiarity with [Smith’s] medical status.” Id. ¶
19. The WCJ accepted Smith’s testimony he was unable to return to his pre-injury
job and was not fully recovered from either work injury. Id. ¶ 19. The WCJ noted
that while the medical experts disagreed in part, “[b]oth medical witnesses . . . find
[Smith] able to do the office clerk job.” Id. The WCJ relied upon the testimony of
Employer’s medical witness, Smith’s medical witness, and Smith himself to
determine Smith was not physically capable of returning to his pre-injury job as a
youth detention counselor but was physically capable of performing the office clerk
job.
       Specific Job
       After establishing Smith’s physical capabilities, Employer must show it
offered Smith a specific position within those capabilities. South Hills Health Sys.,
806 A.2d 962. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court, in Kachinski v. Workmen’s

                                          6
Compensation Appeal Board (Vepco Construction Co.), 532 A.2d 374 (Pa. 1987),
set forth guidelines for proving work availability for injured employees as follows:

         1. The employer who seeks to modify a claimant’s benefits on the basis
         that he has recovered some or all of his ability must first produce
         medical evidence of a change in condition.
         2. The employer must then produce evidence of a referral (or referrals)
         to a then open job (or jobs), which fits in the occupational category for
         which the claimant has been given medical clearance, e.g., light work,
         sedentary work, etc.
         3. The claimant must then demonstrate that he has in good faith
         followed through on the job referral(s).
         4. If the referral fails to result in a job then claimant’s benefits should
         continue.

Kachinski, 532 A.2d at 380.
         After Kachinski, the General Assembly enacted amendments to Section
306(b)(2) in 1996, which revision is known as Act 57.4 These amendments impacted
the application of the Kachinski guidelines, however, this Court declared “[d]espite
the amendments . . . known as Act 57 dealing with earning power
assessments, Kachinski and its progeny still remain applicable in situations where
an employer seeks a modification or suspension of benefits based on an offer of a
specific job within its organization.” Vaughn v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd.
(Carrara Steel Erectors), 19 A.3d 545, 548 n.5 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2011)
(citing Phoenixville Hosp. v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Shoap), 2 A.3d 689, 693
n.7 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010)).
         In Employer’s Modification Petition, Employer stated, “as of April 8, 2021, a
light[-]duty position is available, which was offered to [Smith] . . . .” R.R. at 14.
Smith testified he performed the office clerk job for one half-day, then he reported

4
    Act of June 24, 2996, P.L. 350, No. 57.

                                              7
pain to his supervisor. Id. at 210-11. According to Smith, the job involved “sitting
and dealing with paperwork, mailing envelopes, submitting court documents.” Id.
at 210.
      Dr. O’Donnell reviewed a letter from Employer entitled “City of Philadelphia
temporary assignment,” and testified the letter stated Employer had “identified a
position at One Parkway.” Id. at 70. Dr. O’Donnell read the job restrictions in the
letter, including “no ladder climbing,” no “stair climbing,” and “no crouching,
bending at waist and twisting.” Id. at 70. Dr. O’Donnell said the letter “just kind of
goes on what [Smith] will be doing.” Id. at 70.
      Smith argues it was error for the WCJ and Board to grant Employer’s
Modification Petition because “relevant case law holds a job-offer letter must
include the rate of pay in order to provide sufficient notice under Section 306(b)(2),
77 P.S. § 512(2).” Petitioner’s Brief at 6. Smith cites Vaughn as support for this
proposition.
      In Vaughn, this Court affirmed the grant of an employer’s modification
petition concluding the employer’s letter informing the claimant he could return to
a modified-duty position was sufficient to provide notice to the claimant of what the
job entailed. This Court noted the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held “an employer’s
job ‘referral should be reviewed in a common sense manner in order to determine
whether a suitable position has been made available to the claimant.’” Vaughn, 19
A.3d at 548 (citing Eidem v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Gnaden–Huetten Mem’l
Hosp.), 746 A.2d 101, 104 (Pa. 2000)). Unlike the circumstances in this case, when
an employer provides referrals to a job an employee has not been employed in
before, “the employer must provide information related to the job duties and
classification so that the claimant can make an informed decision regarding whether

                                          8
the position offered is within her capabilities.” Vaughn, 19 A.3d at 548 (citation
omitted). However, as is the case with Smith, when an employer offers claimant a
job he previously performed, “no job position or duties must be specified . . . since
the claimant can ‘reasonably assume that he is being offered the same position’ that
he has previously worked, and thus, is familiar with the requirements of that
position.” Id. Therefore, having been employed in the office clerk position before,
Smith should be familiar with the job requirements, and he may reasonably assume
Employer is offering him the same position he performed before. Contrary to
Smith’s argument, Vaughn does not stand for the proposition an employer must
include the rate of pay in its offer of employment.
       Ultimately, the WCJ determined “Employer has met its burden of proof that
[Smith] was able to work in a modified-duty position of office clerk which was open
and available as of April 8, 2021, whereby his benefits should be modified as of
April 8, 2021.” WCJ Dec., F.F. ¶ 18.5 The WCJ adequately considered Smith’s
physical capabilities and Employer’s job offer, and the Board affirmed the WCJ’s
decision concluding it was based on substantial evidence and there was no error of
law. We discern no error in the Board’s affirmation of the WCJ’s decision.
    III.     Conclusion
           For the foregoing reasons, we conclude the Board did not err when it affirmed
the WCJ’s order granting Employer’s Modification Petition. Accordingly, we affirm
the Board’s order.
                                                      ______________________________
                                                      STACY WALLACE, Judge

5
  Employer did not provide the pay rate for the office clerk position in its Modification Petition
or elsewhere in the record. In the absence of this information, while the Board’s order modifies
the status of Smith’s benefits to partial disability benefits, it does not change the rate of Smith’s
benefits.

                                                 9
         IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Michael J. Smith,                      : CASES CONSOLIDATED
                        Petitioner     :
                                       :
               v.                      : No. 1045 C.D. 2022
                                       : No. 1046 C.D. 2022
City of Philadelphia (Workers’         :
Compensation Appeal Board),            :
                         Respondent    :

                                     ORDER

      AND NOW, this 9th day of August 2023, the September 7, 2022 order of the
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board is AFFIRMED.

                                       ______________________________
                                       STACY WALLACE, Judge