Court Opinion

ID: 4403281
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-06-04 20:00:33.469524+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:49:17.411704
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUN 4 2019
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

CONSERVATION CONGRESS,                          No.    17-16153

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                2:13-cv-01977-JAM-DB
 v.

UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE;                   MEMORANDUM*
UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE
SERVICE,

                Defendants-Appellees,

TRINITY RIVER LUMBER,

      Intervenor-Defendant-
      Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of California
                    John A. Mendez, District Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted May 16, 2019
                              Seattle, Washington

Before: HAWKINS and W. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges, and SEEBORG,**
District Judge.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
            The Honorable Richard Seeborg, United States District Judge for the
Northern District of California, sitting by designation.
      On cross motions for summary judgment, the district court largely rejected

appellant Conservation Congress’s claims that appellees United States Fish and

Wildlife Service (“FWS”) and the United States Forest Service (“USFS”) violated

both the National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”) and the Endangered

Species Act (“ESA”) when approving “the Smokey Project”—a plan to administer

fuel and vegetative treatments to further habitat and fire management goals in the

Mendocino National Forest in Northern California. The district court initially

issued a “Final Judgment” that ordered a limited remand for USFS to prepare a

supplemental NEPA analysis and enjoined the removal of trees in the project area

having a diameter of 20 inches or greater. The district court subsequently issued an

order granting appellee’s motion to amend the judgment and dissolve the

injunction, which represents a final judgment over which we have appellate

jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm.

      We review de novo a grant of summary judgment. See League of Wilderness

Defs. v. USFS, 689 F.3d 1060, 1068 (9th Cir. 2012). The agency’s compliance with

the law, however, is reviewed under the Administrative Procedure Act’s

deferential “arbitrary and capricious” standard. 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A); Lands

Council v. McNair, 537 F.3d 981, 993 (9th Cir. 2008)), overruled on other grounds

by Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7 (2008). To the extent the

appeal implicates the district court’s lifting of the injunction, the court reviews for

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abuse of discretion. Native Ecosystems Council v. Marten, 883 F.3d 783, 789 (9th

Cir. 2018).

      There was no error in finding that USFS’s clarification on remand that

“Limited Operating Periods” (“LOPs”) applied only to “units” near known spotted

owl activity centers, rather than to “all units,” did not constitute a “post-decisional

elimination” of a “core mitigation measure” that would give rise to a NEPA

violation. The record fully supports the district court’s conclusion that on remand

USFS “provided a reasoned, clear, and thorough analysis for its conclusions,” and

that the Project had not changed. The application of the LOPs was disclosed

throughout the decision-making process, and whatever ambiguity may have been

introduced by the erroneous inclusion of the phrase “all units” in one appendix did

not cause prejudice or skew the results such that the clarification on remand could

not cure the issue.

      The district court also correctly determined USFS did not violate NEPA by

analyzing the impacts of the Smokey Project in too limited of a geographical area.

USFS’s environmental assessment (which incorporated the analysis of the FWS

biological assessment), considered impacts in 35,023 acres comprising the

treatment units and land within a 1.3-mile radius of those units. That scope was

based on FWS’s recommendation to analyze impacts within the spotted owl’s

“home range,” and appears to account for the location and movement patterns of

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the spotted owls, thereby warranting deference to the agencies’ judgment.

Conservation Congress’s suggestion that a meaningful analysis required

consideration of the entire Buttermilk late successional reserve reflects a different

judgment as to the best way to evaluate the project, but it does not establish a

NEPA violation.

      The district court did not err in finding that USFS adequately analyzed

potential alternatives to the project. On remand, USFS specifically considered

alternatives with several different diameter cap limits on trees to be felled and

concluded none were viable. Although Conservation Congress suggests the

alternatives considered were arbitrary, it makes no attempt to show USFS’s

conclusions were unsound. Conservation Congress instead argues that USFS

should have considered undertaking forest thinning at federal expense. Whatever

arguments might support such a policy, however, Conservation Congress has not

shown it is improper for USFS to carry out its forest management mandates by

contracting with private parties for timber removal.

      The district court also did not err in declining to require a full Environmental

Impact Statement (“EIS”) for the Smokey Project. The district court appropriately

held the agency to its “hard look” obligations, League of Wilderness Defenders v.

Connaughton, 752 F.3d 755, 762-3 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing 40 C.F.R. § 1502.1),

when it issued the limited remand. Conservation Congress has not shown how the

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district court’s subsequent determination that the injunction should be lifted

without requiring a full EIS was erroneous.

      Finally, the district court correctly found no ESA violation. Conservation

Congress contends both that there is no valid biological opinion from the FWS and

that USFS was required under ESA Section 7(a)(2) to re-initiate formal

consultation with FWS upon clarifying the LOP requirements of the plan. Both

arguments, however, rest on the premise that the LOP requirements were

substantively modified on remand, a position that, as noted above, is untenable.

      AFFIRMED.

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