Court Opinion

ID: 9912451
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-22 15:05:20.744248+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:59:25.810730
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: DECEMBER 15, 2023; 10:00 A.M.
                       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                Commonwealth of Kentucky
                          Court of Appeals
                             NO. 2022-CA-1083-MR

JARROD MICHAEL WEISS                                                 APPELLANT

               APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT
v.                HONORABLE MITCH PERRY, JUDGE
             ACTION NOS. 14-CR-002387-001 AND 14-CR-002531

COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY                                               APPELLEE

                     OPINION AND ORDER DISMISSING

                                  ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: ACREE, KAREM, AND LAMBERT, JUDGES.

LAMBERT, JUDGE: Jarrod Michael Weiss appeals from the Jefferson Circuit

Court’s denial of his Kentucky Rule of Criminal Procedure (“RCr”) 11.42 motion

for post-conviction relief. We dismiss the appeal as being from a nonfinal order.

            Weiss was found guilty of murder, tampering with physical evidence,

and being a persistent felony offender in the second degree. He was sentenced to

thirty years’ imprisonment. Our Supreme Court affirmed on direct appeal. Weiss

v. Commonwealth, No. 2016-SC-000183-MR, 2017 WL 5034472 (Ky. Nov. 2,
2017) (unpublished). Weiss timely filed a pro se RCr 11.42 motion. The trial

court denied the motion without having first held a hearing, but the trial court’s

terse order did not resolve all of Weiss’s claims. Specifically, the order did not

address Weiss’s ineffective assistance of appellate counsel (“IAAC”) claim, nor

did the order contain finality language. Weiss then filed this appeal.

             Weiss raises two issues. One of them involves whether trial counsel

was ineffective for not subpoenaing a firearms expert. The trial court addressed

that argument and determined it did not entitle Weiss to relief. Second, Weiss

argues his counsel on direct appeal was ineffective for not raising as an issue the

Commonwealth having belatedly provided certain DNA results. Weiss has waived

all the remaining issues contained in his RCr 11.42 motion which he did not

discuss on appeal. Commonwealth v. Pollini, 437 S.W.3d 144, 148 (Ky. 2014).

             We must dismiss this appeal as being from a nonfinal order. The

parties did not raise that issue, but we must nonetheless ensure that we have

jurisdiction before proceeding. Wilson v. Russell, 162 S.W.3d 911, 913 (Ky. 2005)

(“However, even though not raised, jurisdiction may not be waived, and it can not

[sic] be conferred by consent of the parties. This [C]ourt must determine for itself

whether it has jurisdiction.”) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).

“Generally, our appellate jurisdiction is restricted to final judgments.” Steffan v.

Smyzer by and through Rankins, 540 S.W.3d 387, 390 (Ky. App. 2018).

                                          -2-
              Kentucky Rule of Civil Procedure (“CR”) 54.01 defines a final and

appealable judgment as “a final order adjudicating all the rights of all the parties in

an action or proceeding, or a judgment made final under Rule 54.02.” Even though

this is a criminal law case, CR 54.01 applies. See, e.g., Dillard v. Commonwealth,

475 S.W.3d 594, 596 (Ky. 2015) (“In both civil and criminal matters, finality is

assessed under CR 54.01 . . . .”); Commonwealth v. Taylor, 945 S.W.2d 420, 422

(Ky. 1997) (“CR 54.01, applicable to criminal actions pursuant to RCr 13.04,

defines a final or appealable judgment as ‘a final order adjudicating all the rights of

all the parties in an action or proceeding.’”). See also RCr 13.04 (providing that

“[t]he Rules of Civil Procedure shall be applicable in criminal proceedings to the

extent not superseded by or inconsistent with these Rules of Criminal Procedure.”).

              The order from which Weiss appealed is not inherently final and

appealable under CR 54.01 because it did not resolve all of Weiss’s claims for

relief. Specifically relevant here, the order did not address his IAAC claim(s) and

so it did not resolve “all the rights of all the parties . . . .”

              Moreover, the trial court did not attempt to make the otherwise

interlocutory order final and appealable under CR 54.02. That rule generally

allows a trial court to make an order conclusively resolving a portion of a case

involving multiple parties or claims final and appealable by adding two clauses: 1)

the order is final; and 2) there is no just cause for delay. “Strict compliance” with

                                              -3-
CR 54.02 is mandatory, so “[a] trial court’s failure to conclude both recitations in a

judgment renders it interlocutory and nonappealable.” Vorherr v. Coldiron, 525

S.W.3d 532, 540 (Ky. App. 2017). Here, the order contains neither recitation.

             In sum, the order at issue is not final. Consequently, though we regret

the additional delay it will cause, we must dismiss this appeal. Common Cause of

Kentucky v. Commonwealth, 143 S.W.3d 634, 635-36 (Ky. App. 2004) (“If the

order from which review is sought is not final or otherwise immediately

reviewable, then the Court is required, on its own motion if need be, to

acknowledge its lack of authority and to dismiss the appeal.”).

             Where an underlying order appears to lack finality, we must raise the

jurisdictional issue sua sponte. Since the order challenged by Weiss is not final

and appealable, this appeal must be, and is hereby, dismissed.

             ALL CONCUR.

ENTERED: _December 15, 2023
                                               JUDGE, COURT OF APPEALS

                                         -4-
BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT:    BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

David L. Stewart         Daniel Cameron
La Grange, Kentucky      Attorney General of Kentucky

                         Thomas A. Van De Rostyne
                         Assistant Attorney General
                         Frankfort, Kentucky

                        -5-