Court Opinion

ID: 3032675
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:48:18.009488+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:48:20.654150
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                              JAN 26 2010

                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MARY ABBOTT,                                     No. 08-16237

             Plaintiff - Appellant,              D.C. No. 2:08-cv-00445-GEB-
                                                 DAD
  v.

CHRIS OKOYE,                                     MEMORANDUM *

             Defendant - Appellee.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of California
                    Garland E. Burrell, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted January 15, 2010
                            San Francisco, California

Before: NOONAN, HAWKINS and M. SMITH, Circuit Judges.

       Mary Abbott (“Abbott”) appeals the district court’s adverse summary judgment

grant, arguing the district court erred in finding that the Rooker-Feldman doctrine

barred jurisdiction over her claims. See Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413

(1923); District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983).

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      “The Rooker-Feldman doctrine provides that federal district courts lack

jurisdiction to exercise appellate review over final state court judgments.” Henrichs

v. Valley View Dev., 474 F.3d 609, 613 (9th Cir. 2007). As the Supreme Court has

explained, we must construe Rooker-Feldman narrowly, Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi

Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 284 (2005), and the doctrine “applies only when the

federal plaintiff both asserts as her injury legal error or errors by the state court and

seeks as her remedy relief from the state court judgment,” Kougasian v. TMSL, Inc.,

359 F.3d 1136, 1140 (9th Cir. 2004).

      With the exception of the breach of contract claim, the district court correctly

found Rooker-Feldman barred Abbott’s claims. In her other claims, Abbott sought

“equitable relief from the default judgment in California,” requested the district court

order the “default judgment be set aside and held a nullity,” urged the district court to

find the California judgment “void and/or voidable, null and . . . set aside,” and argued

Okoye was unjustly enriched because of the state court judgment.

      Though we recognize the narrowness of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, all of

these claims fall squarely within the Rooker-Feldman prohibition against de facto

appeals. The request for relief is unambiguous, essentially “inviting district court

review and rejection” of a state court judgment. Exxon Mobil Corp., 544 U.S. at 284;

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see also Henrichs, 474 F.3d at 614-16 (“A request to declare the state court judgment

void seeks redress from an injury caused by the state court itself.” (citation omitted)).

      Abbott’s breach of contract claim would also be barred by Rooker-Feldman if

“inextricably intertwined” with the state court decision. Noel v. Hall, 341 F.3d 1148,

1158 (9th Cir. 2003). We conclude it is not. The contract, the settlement reached on

the remaining viable Nevada claim, was allegedly breached when Okoye filed suit on

that same claim in California. Simply because the measure of damages Abbott seeks

by her breach of contract claim equals what Okoye recovered under the California

judgment does not make the breach of contract claim “inextricably intertwined” with

the state court judgment. See Kougasian, 359 F.3d at 1140.

      In other words, “[a]t first glance, a federal suit alleging a cause of action for”

breaching a settlement agreement by filing “a state court [action] might appear to

come within the Rooker-Feldman doctrine,” but “[a] plaintiff alleging [breach of a

settlement agreement] is not alleging a legal error by the state court; rather, he or she

is alleging a wrongful act by the adverse party.” Id. at 1140-41 (citation omitted).

      Abbott’s breach of contract claim is not barred by California preclusion law.

The suit is not res judicata because “California law defines a cause of action by

focusing on the ‘primary right’ at stake.” Tensor Group v. City of Glendale, 17 Cal.

Rptr. 2d 639, 642 (Ct. App. 1993) (internal quotation marks omitted). The injury to

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Okoye from Abbott’s fraudulent transfer, and the alleged injury to Abbott from

Okoye’s purported breach of contract, do not implicate the same right, and the action

thus does not seek to relitigate the same cause of action. See id.

      Abbott did not forfeit her claim for breach of contract by failing to plead it as

a defense in the California action because California’s usual compulsory cross-claim

statute does not apply where “[t]he person who failed to plead the related cause of

action did not file an answer to the complaint against him.” Cal. Civ. Proc. Code §

426.30(b)(2) (2004).

      Nor does California collateral estoppel doctrine bar Abbott’s breach of contract

claim. The judgment against her was a default judgment and the complaint and order

in the California action show no consideration of, nor the state court’s need to

implicitly consider, the purported effect of the settlement agreement. See Gottlieb v.

Kest, 46 Cal. Rptr. 3d 7, 34 (Ct. App. 2006) (default judgment with express findings);

Four Star Elec., Inc. v. F & H Constr., 10 Cal. Rptr. 2d 1, 3 (Ct. App. 1992) (quoting

Mitchell v. Jones, 342 P.2d 503, 586-87 (Cal. Ct. App. 1959)).

      AFFIRMED in part. VACATED and REMANDED in part. Each party

shall bear its own costs and fees on this appeal.

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