Court Opinion

ID: 4079051
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-10-03 20:01:24.432512+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:45:21.535250
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT                          OCT 03 2016
                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

SHAWNDRA STAR BOODE,                             No.   15-16057

              Petitioner-Appellant,              D.C. No. 3:13-cv-02438-EMC

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
D. K. JOHNSON, Warden,

              Respondent-Appellee.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Northern District of California
                    Edward M. Chen, District Judge, Presiding

                          Submitted September 13, 2016**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: W. FLETCHER, CHRISTEN, and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges.

      Petitioner-Appellant Shawndra Star Boode brings a federal habeas petition

under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 challenging her jury conviction of two counts of first-

degree murder. The district court denied the petition. We have jurisdiction under

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253 and review de novo the district court’s decision to

deny Boode’s habeas petition. See Yee v. Duncan, 463 F.3d 893, 897 (9th Cir.

2006). The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA)

governs our review. To warrant habeas relief under AEDPA, a petitioner must

show “that the earlier state court’s decision was contrary to federal law then clearly

established in the holdings of [the Supreme] Court, § 2254(d)(1); or that it

involved an unreasonable application of such law, § 2254(d)(1); or that it was

based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the record before

the state court, § 2254(d)(2).” Hedlund v. Ryan, 815 F.3d 1233, 1239 (9th Cir.

2016) (quoting Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 100 (2011)). We affirm the

district court’s denial of Boode’s habeas petition for the following reasons.

      1. The state trial court’s refusal to discharge a juror who perceived Boode’s

co-defendant, Jorge Rodriguez, to act in a threatening manner toward a witness

during trial did not violate Boode’s Sixth or Fourteenth Amendment rights to an

impartial jury. The alleged presence of juror bias presents a “question . . . of

historical fact: did a juror swear that he could set aside any opinion he might hold

and decide the case on the evidence, and should the juror’s protestation of

impartiality have been believed.” Patton v. Yount, 467 U.S. 1025, 1036 (1984).

      In light of the record in the state court proceedings, we conclude that the trial

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court did not make an unreasonable determination of the facts. See 28 U.S.C.

§ 2254(d)(2). The juror ultimately testified that she thought she could still fairly

evaluate the case, and the trial court determined that the juror could continue to

serve fairly and impartially. “The trial court was in a superior position to observe

[the juror’s] physical appearance and demeanor and thereby to determine her

ability to continue deliberating.” Perez v. Marshall, 119 F.3d 1422, 1427 (9th Cir.

1997).

      Given the juror’s statements that she thought she could be fair and the

deference due to the trial court’s assessment of the juror’s demeanor, Boode has

not shown that the trial court unreasonably found that the juror was impartial. See

Bashor v. Risley, 730 F.2d 1228, 1237 (9th Cir. 1984) (holding that a juror who

initially equivocated as to her impartiality could be found impartial after she

affirmatively said she thought she could be fair). Nor has Boode shown that the

California Court of Appeal’s decision was based on an unreasonable determination

of the facts. Boode therefore is not entitled to habeas relief on this claim.

      2. The district court also analyzed Boode’s claim using a juror misconduct

framework. The district court concluded that a constitutional error occurred

because the prosecution did not meet its burden of disproving prejudice. See

Remmer v. United States, 347 U.S. 227, 229 (1954). We need not reach the merits

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of the constitutional claim because we agree with the district court that the error, if

any, was harmless under Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 (1993). During the

trial court’s hearing, the juror stated that she had not discussed her observations

with other jurors, and the court instructed her not to do so in the future. The jury

heard witness testimony implicating the defendants. This included compelling

testimony from Jeffery DeTar and Peter Elisary. The jury also learned that

Rodriguez’s sister gave a statement to police consistent with Boode’s and

Rodriguez’s involvement in the murders. The trial court correctly instructed the

jury that it “must decide all questions of fact in this case from evidence received in

this trial and not from any other source.” After twenty-one trial days, the jury

deliberated for only two hours. On this record, Boode has not shown that juror

misconduct, if any, “had substantial and injurious effect or influence in

determining the jury’s verdict.” Id. at 638 (internal quotation marks omitted).

      3. Boode also argues that the state trial court denied her the right to due

process by declining to give her recently-appointed counsel more time to prepare

for trial. Boode’s trial counsel had approximately four months to review the record

and prepare for trial. Boode does not identify any Supreme Court authority that

would support this claim. We conclude that any error was harmless under Brecht,

507 U.S. 619. Boode argues that her counsel’s rushed preparation prevented

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counsel from adequately identifying the discrepancies between the prosecution

witnesses’ various prior statements. Boode does not, however, identify any actual

evidentiary discrepancies that her counsel failed to tease out, and the trial court

specifically found that Boode’s counsel “didn’t seem to have any trouble cross-

examining the witnesses.” Boode therefore has failed to show prejudice.1

      AFFIRMED.

      1
           Boode also appears to argue that the trial court prejudiced her right to
present a defense by failing to approve her drug expert’s access to certain evidence
and by failing to fund her drug expert adequately for him to devote sufficient time
to the case. This claim is unexhausted because it appears nowhere in Boode’s
petition for review to the California Supreme Court. The State has not expressly
waived this exhaustion requirement, and therefore the claim is not properly before
us. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(3).
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