Court Opinion

ID: 4327222
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-02 15:09:11.677025+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:19:54.140129
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION                                                        FILED
                                                                      Nov 02 2018, 5:39 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as                               CLERK
                                                                       Indiana Supreme Court
precedent or cited before any court except for the                        Court of Appeals
                                                                            and Tax Court
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE MSI EAST
Linda H. Havel                                         GREYHOUND CARMEL GROCERY,
Havel Law Office, PC                                   LLP
Fishers, Indiana                                       Rori L. Goldman
                                                       Brandais H. Hagerty
                                                       Hill Knotts & Goldman, LLC
                                                       Indianapolis, Indiana

                                             IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Richard D. Wakefield,                                     November 2, 2018
Appellant-Plaintiff,                                      Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                          18A-CT-1238
        v.
                                                          Appeal from the Hamilton
                                                          Superior Court
MSI East Greyhound Carmel
Grocery, LLP, and Marsh                                   The Hon. Steven R. Nation,
                                                          Judge
Supermarkets, LLC,
                                                          The Hon. Todd Ruetz,
Appellees-Defendants.
                                                          Magistrate
                                                          Trial Court Cause No.
                                                          29D01-1705-CT-4365

Bradford, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CT-1238| November 2, 2018                Page 1 of 10
                                          Case Summary
[1]   In May of 2017, Richard Wakefield sued MSI East Greyhound Carmel

      Grocery, LLP (“MSI”), and Marsh Supermarkets, LLC (“Marsh”), alleging

      that he had been injured on land MSI owned and leased to Marsh. Soon after,

      Marsh filed for bankruptcy. Meanwhile, Wakefield attempted unsuccessfully to

      serve MSI by serving its registered agent as listed on the Indiana Secretary of

      State’s website. MSI, however, had filed to change its registered agent

      approximately two weeks before, and there is some reason to believe that there

      may have been a delay in updating the Secretary of State’s online database.

      Although Wakefield did make some attempt to serve MSI at its principal place

      of business in New York City, MSI still did not appear. In October of 2017, the

      trial court entered default judgment against MSI. At this point, Wakefield

      again checked the Secretary of State’s website, which now correctly identified

      MSI’s new registered agent. In December of 2018, MSI moved for relief from

      judgment, which relief the trial court granted. Wakefield contends that the trial

      court abused its discretion in granting MSI relief from default judgment.

      Because we disagree, we affirm.

                            Facts and Procedural History
[2]   On May 9, 2017, Wakefield sued MSI and Marsh, alleging that he had

      sustained injuries in January of 2016 after slipping on an icy sidewalk and

      falling on Hamilton County property owned by MSI and leased to Marsh (“the

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CT-1238| November 2, 2018   Page 2 of 10
      Premises”), on which Marsh operated a supermarket. The lease between Marsh

      and MSI provided, in part, as follows,

              [Marsh] shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, in good order
              and condition the Premises, including the Building and any other
              improvements located thereon, the equipment therein serving the
              Building, and the other improvements located thereon[.]
              [….]
              [MSI] shall not be required to furnish any services, utilities or
              facilities whatsoever to the Premises, nor shall [MSI] have any
              duty or obligation to make any alteration, change, improvement,
              replacement, restoration or repair to, or to demolish, the Building
              or any other improvements presently or hereafter located on the
              Premises. [Marsh] assumes the full and sole responsibility for the
              condition, operation, repair, alteration, improvement,
              replacement, maintenance and management of the Premises,
              including any Building or any other improvements.
      Appellee’s App. pp. 29, 30.

[3]   On May 18, 2017, Wakefield attempted to serve MSI with the summons and

      complaint through MSI’s former agent, National Corporate Research, LTD.

      As it happened, MSI had filed a notice of change of registered agent with the

      Indiana Secretary of State on May 3, 2017, naming Cogency Global, Inc., as its

      new agent. The summons and complaint Wakefield attempted to mail to

      National Corporate Research were returned labeled as undeliverable.

[4]   Meanwhile, on May 19, 2017, Marsh, who had filed for bankruptcy one week

      before, appeared and filed its notice of automatic stay on behalf of itself and

      MSI. MSI was not represented by counsel at this proceeding. On July 5, 2017,

      Wakefield moved for relief from the automatic stay as to MSI and certified that

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CT-1238| November 2, 2018   Page 3 of 10
      he had attempted to serve MSI with the summons and complaint a second time.

      Wakefield’s attorney indicated in a certificate of reissuance that she had

      researched MSI and “was directed to a company known as AAG

      Management” and that when she contacted AAG she was told by a man named

      Ed Balazs that New-York-City-based attorney John Hughes was authorized to

      accept service on behalf of MSI. Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 39. Balazs later

      averred that he had not told Wakefield’s attorney that Hughes was authorized

      to accept service of process on behalf of MSI or that she should serve Hughes

      with the summons and complaint. Wakefield’s attorney did not indicate that

      she had checked the Secretary of State’s website again.

[5]   In any event, the July 5, 2017, cover letter for the complaint and summons was

      addressed to, “John Hughes, Esq., AAG Management, 421 7th Avenue, New

      York, New York 10001.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 42. This cover letter did

      not state that the complaint and summons were enclosed, nor did it include an

      enclosure notation at the bottom of the letter. On July 10, 2017, Wakefield

      filed proof of return service and attached a copy of the tracking results from the

      postal service showing, “Delivered, Front Desk/Reception” to “New York, NY

      10001.” Appellant’s App. Vol. III p. 107. On July 14, 2017, the trial court clerk

      noted in the chronological case summary that the green card was returned

      signed by “Patti Mule” on July 5, 2017. Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 4.

[6]   Hughes later averred that he had been diagnosed with cancer of the bile duct in

      December of 2016 and underwent surgery followed by six months of high-dose

      chemotherapy. Hughes averred that he was out of the office for much of this

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CT-1238| November 2, 2018   Page 4 of 10
      time, his office was being downsized and renovated at the time, and his

      receptionist Mule worked on a different floor of the building from his other two

      employees. Hughes did not recall ever receiving the summons and complaint in

      this case and was not authorized to accept service on behalf of MSI in any

      event. Wakefield did not attempt to serve MSI with the motion for relief from

      the stay as it had not yet entered an appearance in the case. On August 24,

      2017, the trial court lifted the stay as to MSI.

[7]   On September 18, 2017, Wakefield moved for default judgment against MSI.

      As with the motion for relief from stay, Wakefield did not attempt to serve MSI

      with the motion for default judgment. On October 11, 2017, the trial court

      entered default judgment in favor of Wakefield against MSI, awarding

      Wakefield $500,000.00 in damages plus 8% annual interest. On October 19,

      2017, Wakefield filed a notice of supplement to a declaration of Wakefield’s

      attorney in which she stated that she had searched the Secretary of State’s

      website on October 11, 2017, and had found out then that Cogency Global was

      now MSI’s registered agent and had been since May 3, 2017. Wakefield’s

      attorney indicated that she had telephoned the Secretary of State’s office and

      had been told that there can be a delay between the time that a foreign company

      files a request to change its registered agent and when that change appears on

      the website.

[8]   On December 22, 2017, MSI moved to set aside the default judgment pursuant

      to Indiana Rule of Trial Procedure 60(B)(6) as void for lack of personal

      jurisdiction; pursuant to Trial Rule 60(B)(1) because the default was entered as

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CT-1238| November 2, 2018   Page 5 of 10
      a result of mistake or excusable neglect and MSI could establish a meritorious

      defense; and pursuant to Trial Rule 60(B)(8) for equitable purposes due to

      exceptional circumstances justifying relief. On May 7, 2018, the trial court

      granted MSI’s motion to set aside the default judgment, concluding that MSI

      had “established grounds to set aside the default judgment pursuant to Trial

      Rules 60(B)(1), 60[(B)](6) and 60[(B)](8) and has also shown a meritorious

      defense.” Order p. 1.

                                    Discussion and Decision
[9]   Wakefield contends that the trial court abused its discretion in granting MSI’s

      motion for relief from judgment. Trial Rule 60(B) provides, in part, that “[o]n

      motion and upon such terms as are just the court may relieve a party or his legal

      representative from a judgment, including a judgment by default[.]” The trial

      court concluded that MSI was entitled to relief pursuant to three separate

      provisions of Trial Rule 60(B), including (B)(8), which allows for relief for any

      reason (other than those mentioned in subsections (B)(1) through (B)(4) 1)

      1
          Subsections (B)(1) through (B)(4) of Trial Rule 60 provide for relief from judgment on the following bases:

                (1) mistake, surprise, or excusable neglect;
                (2) any ground for a motion to correct error, including without limitation newly
                discovered evidence, which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to
                move for a motion to correct errors under Rule 59;
                (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation, or
                other misconduct of an adverse party;
                (4) entry of default or judgment by default was entered against such party who was served
                only by publication and who was without actual knowledge of the action and judgment,
                order or proceedings[.]

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CT-1238| November 2, 2018                      Page 6 of 10
       justifying relief from the operation of the judgment. We choose to address this

       ground first and conclude that it is dispositive.

               The decision of whether [to] grant a Trial Rule 60(B)(8) motion is
               left to the equitable discretion of the trial court, and is reviewable
               only for abuse of discretion. Gipson v. Gipson, 644 N.E.2d 876,
               877 (Ind. 1994). “An abuse of discretion occurs if the decision is
               clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances
               before the court, or the reasonable, probable, and actual
               deductions to be drawn therefrom.” McElfresh v. State, 51 N.E.3d
               103, 107 (Ind. 2016) (internal quotations and citations omitted).
               The reviewing court does not reweigh the evidence. Gipson, 644
               N.E.2d at 877.
               [….]
               A motion for relief from judgment filed for reason (8) shall be
               filed within a reasonable time and must allege a meritorious
               claim or defense. Ind. Trial Rule 60(B). [A] meritorious claim or
               defense is “one that would lead to a different result if the case
               were tried on the merits.” Butler v. State, 933 N.E.2d 33, 36 (Ind.
               Ct. App. 2010) (quoting Bunch v. Himm, 879 N.E.2d 632, 637
               (Ind. Ct. App. 2008)). Additionally, in order to be granted relief
               pursuant to Ind. Trial Rule 60(B)(8), the moving party must
               demonstrate some extraordinary or exceptional circumstances
               justifying equitable relief.
       State v. Collier, 61 N.E.3d 265, 268 (Ind. 2016).

                                         A. Reasonable Time
[10]   On October 11, 2017, the trial court entered default judgment in favor of

       Wakefield against MSI, and MSI moved for relief on December 22, 2017,

       before three months had elapsed. We conclude that the trial court was justified

       in concluding that MSI filed within a reasonable time.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CT-1238| November 2, 2018   Page 7 of 10
                               B. Extraordinary Circumstances
[11]   We also conclude that the record is sufficient to support a finding of

       extraordinary circumstances justifying equitable relief. It is undisputed that

       MSI updated their registered agent information on May 3, 2017, and that

       Wakefield filed his suit six days later, unsuccessfully attempting to serve MSI’s

       previous registered agent. Even if we assume that there is a delay in updating

       online records in the Secretary of State’s office, and that this somehow excused

       Wakefield’s failure to serve MSI, this strikes us as a rather inequitable basis for

       a default judgment against MSI. There is no indication that MSI did anything

       wrong, and yet it was hit with a rather substantial $500,000.00 judgment with

       no recourse against Marsh, which is in bankruptcy. The trial court did not

       abuse its discretion in concluding that the circumstances of this case warranted

       equitable relief.

                                      C. Meritorious Defense
[12]   Finally, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding

       that MSI had shown a meritorious defense. Wakefield sued Marsh and MSI for

       negligence, a tort that requires proof of “(1) a duty owed by the defendant to the

       plaintiff; (2) a breach of that duty; and (3) injury to the plaintiff resulting from

       the defendant’s breach.” Rhodes v. Wright, 805 N.E.2d 382, 385 (Ind. 2004).

       “In premises liability cases, whether a duty is owed depends primarily upon

       whether the defendant was in control of the premises when the accident

       occurred.” Id. “The rationale is to subject to liability the person who could

       have known of any dangers on the land and therefore could have acted to

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CT-1238| November 2, 2018   Page 8 of 10
       prevent any foreseeable harm.” Id. “[A] landlord who gives a tenant full

       control and possession of the leased property will not be liable for personal

       injuries sustained by the tenant or other persons lawfully upon the leased

       property.” Rogers v. Grunden, 589 N.E.2d 248, 254 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992)

       (citation omitted), trans. denied. “Generally, once possession and control of

       property have been surrendered, a landlord does not owe a duty to protect

       tenants from defective conditions.” Id. (citation omitted).

[13]   MSI contends, and Wakefield does not dispute, that MSI had no control over

       the Premises. The lease between Marsh and MSI explicitly gave full control

       over, and sole responsibility for the maintenance of, the Premises to Marsh, and

       there is no indication whatsoever that this contractual arrangement was not

       followed. Indeed, Wakefield has never claimed that MSI had any control over

       the Premises, alleging in his complaint that while MSI owned the Premises,

       “Marsh … is and/or was responsible for maintaining [the Premises] as well as

       procuring insurance to cover bodily injuries” thereon. Appellant’s App. Vol. II

       p. 12. Without control over the Premises, MSI had no duty to Wakefield to

       ensure that it was maintained properly. See, e.g., Yost v. Wabash Coll., 3 N.E.3d

       509, 516 (Ind. 2014) (“Wabash, as the party moving for summary judgment,

       established that it was the lessor, and the local fraternity as tenant thus had the

       exclusive right to possess and control the premises… We therefore find as a

       matter of law that Wabash did not have a duty to protect Yost from the injuries

       he claims [he suffered at the fraternity].”). The trial court did not abuse its

       discretion in concluding that MSI had shown a meritorious defense to

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CT-1238| November 2, 2018   Page 9 of 10
       Wakefield’s negligence action. In summary, we conclude that the trial court

       did not abuse its discretion in granting MSI’s request for relief from judgment

       on Trial Rule 60(B)(8) grounds.

[14]   The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

       Bailey, J., and Mathias, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CT-1238| November 2, 2018   Page 10 of 10