Court Opinion

ID: 9843233
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-09-24 02:31:17.104036+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:15:04.455051
License: Public Domain

PAEZ, Circuit Judge,
concurring.
I join the court’s opinion, except for the discussion of Duffield v. Robertson Stephens & Co., 144 F.3d 1182 (9th Cir.1998). The assault on the validity of Duffield is entirely unnecessary in light of the dissimilarity between the issues raised in Duf-field and those arising in the instant case. In Duffield, we held that the Civil Rights Act of 1991 precludes compulsory arbitration, as a condition of employment, of a civil rights claim brought under Title VII, id. at 1190, and state law claims brought in conjunction with the Title VII claim, id. at 1187 n. 3. Najd did not allege a Title VII claim. Thus, there is no need to step beyond the boundaries of the case before us in search of issues that, although interesting, are irrelevant to the outcome. The majority’s attack on Duffield’s holding is merely gratuitous.