Court Opinion

ID: 1044419
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 02:12:23.24848+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:51:37.779190
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT NASHVILLE
                                  April 12, 2013 Session

       TRACY LYNN MUHLSTADT v. LARRY DAVID MUHLSTADT

                   Appeal from the Circuit Court for Wilson County
                      No. 2011CV215      Clara W. Byrd, Judge

                  No. M2012-01267-COA-R3-CV - Filed July 19, 2013

Petition to modify child support obligation was filed by Father; Mother filed a counter-
petition requesting that the court make a determination as to where their child would attend
school. The trial court dismissed Father’s petition when he did not provide information to
support his assertion that he no longer received a portion of the income upon which his child
support obligation was based and therefore he failed to show a change of circumstance
relative to his income. The court found that it would be in the child’s best interest to attend
school in the school for which Mother’s residence was zoned and granted Mother’s counter-
petition; the court also awarded attorney fees to Mother. We affirm the court’s decision
relative to the child’s school enrollment. We reverse the order dismissing Father’s petition
for modification and remand the case for reconsideration; we reverse the award of attorney
fees.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed In
                    Part and Reversed In Part; Case Remanded

R ICHARD H. D INKINS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which F RANK G. C LEMENT,
J R. and A NDY D. B ENNETT, JJ., joined.

John B. Holt, Springfield, Tennessee, for the Appellant, Larry David Muhlstadt.

Amanda G. Crowell, Lebanon, Tennessee, for the Appellee, Tracy Lynn Muhlstadt (Chilelli).

                                         OPINION

       Tracy Muhlstadt (“Mother”) and Larry Muhlstadt (“Father”), the parents of one child
born July 19, 2007, were divorced on July 10, 2008 in Robertson County Circuit Court. An
Agreed Permanent Parenting Plan Order was incorporated into the final decree in which
Mother was named Primary Residential Parent; residential parenting time was split equally
and Father ordered to pay $365.00 per month in child support.

        On April 1, 2011, Father filed a Petition for modification of child support, alleging
that there had been significant variances in the parties’ incomes, and that a material change
in circumstances existed warranted a reconsideration of child support.1 On August 26,
Mother filed a counter-petition, requesting the court issue an order requiring the child to
attend Castle Heights Elementary, the school for which Mother’s residence was zoned. On
February 24, 2012, Father filed an answer.

       At a hearing on March 29, 2012, the case was continued to April 30 to allow Father
to provide documentation showing income and other documents relating to a trust in his
father’s name, the Andrew C. Muhlstadt Trust (the “Muhlstadt trust”), from which he
received funds at the time the original child support obligation was set. Following the April
30 hearing, the court entered an order on May 9 dismissing Father’s petition and granting
Mother’s request that the child attend Castle Heights Elementary. On May 23, 2012, the
court entered an order granting Mother attorneys’ fees and costs totaling $6,384.75 for her
defense of the action. Father filed a notice of appeal on June 8.

        Father raises the following issues:

        1. Did the trial court err in the finding of [Father’s] income for a determination
        of child support?
        2. Did the trial court err in its determination that the minor child should attend
        school in [Mother’s] zoned school district?
        3. Did the trial court err in the award to [Mother] of attorney fees?

                                            DISCUSSION

       We review the trial court’s findings of fact de novo, presuming them to be correct
unless the evidence preponderates against the findings. Demers v. Demers, 149 S.W.3d 61,
68 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003) (citing Huntley v. Huntley, 61 S.W.3d 329, 334 (Tenn. Ct. App.
2001)). We review the court’s conclusions of law de novo with no presumption of
correctness. Id.

        1
         Mother requested that the case be transferred to Wilson County Circuit Court because both parties
had resided in Wilson County since 2008; the case was transferred on May 3 and Mother filed an answer
on May 4.

                                                   -2-
I. F ATHER’S P ETITION FOR M ODIFICATION OF C HILD S UPPORT

       Father asserts that the trial court erred when it dismissed his petition based upon the
finding that he was receiving income that, in fact, he was not receiving; Father contends that
the evidence shows that he was no longer receiving an annual payment of $22,000 from the
Muhlstadt trust that he had been receiving at the time child support was set.

        Modification of an award of child support is governed by Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-
101(g)(1); the modification must be based on a “significant variance, as defined in the child
support guidelines . . . between the guidelines and the amount of support currently ordered.”
Id. Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1240-02-04-.05(2)(c) defines a significant variance as “at least
a fifteen percent (15%) change between the amount of the current support order (not
including any deviation amount) and the amount of the proposed presumptive support order.”
Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1240-02-04-.05(3) sets forth the procedure for determining whether
a significant variance is present under the circumstances presented in this case:

       To determine if a modification is possible, a child support order shall first be
       calculated on the Child Support Worksheet using current evidence of the
       parties’ circumstances. . . . If the current child support order was calculated
       using the income shares guidelines, compare the presumptive child support
       order amounts in the current and proposed orders. . . . If a significant variance
       exists between the two amounts, such a variance would justify the
       modification of a child support order unless, in situations where a downward
       modification is sought, the obligor is willfully and voluntarily unemployed or
       underemployed, or except as otherwise restricted by paragraph (5) below or
       1240-2-4-.04(10) above.

Once a significant variance has been shown, Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1240-02-04-.05(5)
directs the court as follows:

       [T]he tribunal shall increase or decrease the support order as appropriate in
       accordance with these Guidelines unless the significant variance only exists
       due to a previous decision of the tribunal to deviate from the Guidelines and
       the circumstances that caused the deviation have not changed. If the
       circumstances that resulted in the deviation have not changed, but there exist
       other circumstances, such as an increase or decrease in income, that would
       lead to a significant variance between the amount of the current order,
       excluding the deviation, and the amount of the proposed order, then the order
       may be modified.

                                              -3-
       The statement of evidence introduced at the hearing2 included the following matters
related to Father’s receipt of payments from the Muhlstadt trust:

        30. Father’s employment income for 2011 was Forty Thousand, Six Hundred
        Thirteen and 54/100 ($40,613.54) Dollars.
        ***
        32. Mother testified that [Father] has always received gifts from a Trust Fund
        in Illinois. The parties received Forty-Four Thousand Dollars in trust fund
        income from paternal grandmother during the six years of their marriage.
        Mother testified that after the divorce, Father would receive Twenty-Two
        Thousand Dollars per year from the trust fund and the minor child would
        receive Twenty-Two Thousand Dollars per year from the trust fund.
        33. [Father] acknowledges that his Father, upon his passing, set up a Trust
        Fund for the benefit of the [child’s] paternal grandmother, and that the
        [child’s] paternal grandmother receives income from the Trust.
        34. Father stated that he is not the owner of the trust, that he has no control of
        the Trust and that he has not and does not receive any benefits directly from
        the Trust.
        35. Father testified that the gifts received by Father in the past had come
        directly from the [child’s paternal] grandmother.
        36. [Father] submitted a letter from the attorney managing the trust in Chicago,
        Illinois, indicating that the [child’s paternal] grandmother is the only
        beneficiary that is required to receive distributions from the Trust and all other
        distribution[s] were at the discretion of the Northern Trust Company, located
        in Chicago Illinois, as Trustee.
        ***
        47. Father testified that he now receives distributions from the Trust on an “as
        needed” basis.

Other evidence at trial included Father’s 2011 W-2 wage statement from his employment
with the Metropolitan Board of Education and his 2011 federal income tax return; both list
Father’s 2011 wages as $40,614.00. Also introduced were statements from Father’s account
at Wilson Bank & Trust from July 2009 through February 2012. The statements showed

        2
           There was no transcript of the March 29 or April 30 hearings filed as part of the record on appeal.
The record shows that Mother filed a Statement of Evidence with the trial court on August 15, 2012, to which
Father filed objections on August 27. The record on appeal did not contain an order from the trial court
approving Mother’s statement of evidence or resolving Father’s objections; as a consequence the case was
remanded for the court to approve a statement of the evidence in accordance with Tenn. R. App. P. 24(f).
The trial court entered an Order Regarding Statement of the Evidence on June 26, 2013.

                                                     -4-
regular monthly deposits from the Metropolitan Government, consistent with Father’s
employment with the Metropolitan Board of Education. The statements also showed
periodic, unassigned deposits, totaling $15,301.46 in 2009; $15,798.19 in 2010; and
$2,330.20 in 2011.3

       With respect to Father’s continued receipt of the $22,000 gift, the court concluded:

       The Court finds that Father has the ability to provide documentation with
       regard to the trust and/or its distributions and has not provided it. Father has
       not proved that he cannot obtain $22,000 per year from the trust at this time
       and has testified that he now receives distributions on an “as needed” basis.
       It is not clear to the court that the Father could not obtain even more than
       $22,000 per year from the trust if he requested it. Father has failed to provide
       trust documents, K-1s or any documentation regarding gifts which could be
       indicated on his mother’s tax returns.

        We disagree with the court’s conclusion; the dismissal of his petition is not supported
by the record. The evidence is consistent with Father’s testimony that he no longer receives
the $22,000.00 he was receiving at the time the original child support obligation was set and
that he receives money from his mother on an “as needed” basis. The evidence also shows
that he is not a beneficiary of the Muhlstadt trust and, thereby has no ability to compel the
trustee to provide him with information regarding the trust; that he does not receive
distributions directly from the trust; and that he has no ability to compel payments to him
from the trust. There is no evidence showing or a finding by the court that Father’s failure
to provide the trust documentation was wilful or contrived; indeed, a wilful failure to provide
the information would be contrary to Father’s interest in presenting the petition. While Tenn.
Comp. R. & Reg.§ 1240-02-04-.04(3)(a)(1)(xviii), governing the determination of child
support, provides that “gross income” for purposes of setting support includes “[g]ifts of
cash”, Father’s inability to provide the specific information which the court referenced in its
order does not permit the court to effectively impute gift income to him in the absence of
proof that he continued to receive such.4

       3
          The monthly deposits were: $15,000.00 in August 2009; $248.00 in November 2009; $53.46 in
December 2009; $1,770.00 in January 2010; $5,472.89 in March 2010; $6,565.11 in June 2010; $1,465.03
in October 2010; $1,500.00 in November 2010; $25.15 in December 2010; $60.00 in January 2011; $435.28
in February 2011; $217.83 in March 2011; $1,000.00 in April 2011; $36.09 in May 2011; $200.00 in
November 2011; and $381.00 in December 2011; $1,060.00 in January 2012; and $1,025.00 in February
2012..
       4
           We note also the following observation relative to Father’s receipt of funds from his Mother in the
                                                                                                 (continued...)

                                                     -5-
       Accordingly, we reverse that portion of the judgment dismissing Father’s petition to
modify child support and remand the case for a redetermination of Father’s support
obligation.

II. M OTHER’S C ROSS-P ETITION R ELATIVE TO THE C HILD’S S CHOOL Z ONE

        In Mother’s counter-petition, she alleged that the parties were unable to agree on a
preschool for the child and requested the court order that the child be enrolled in public
school in the school to which Mother’s residence was zoned; Mother asserted that to do so
would be in the child’s best interest. Father contends that the court, in its order, “gave no
deference to the parenting plan,5 the parties’ employment circumstances, and the financial
situation.”

        As we have previously noted,

        Trial courts have broad discretion to fashion parenting plans that best serve the
        interests of the children. They must, however, base their decisions on the
        evidence presented to them and upon the proper application of the relevant
        principles of law. While we are reluctant to second-guess a trial court's
        decisions regarding a parenting plan, we will not hesitate to do so if we
        conclude that the trial court's decision is not supported by the evidence, that
        the trial court's decision rests on an error of law, or that the child's interests
        will be best served by another parenting arrangement.

Shofner v. Shofner, 181 S.W.3d 703, 716 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2004). In Eldridge v. Eldrige, 42
S.W.3d 82 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001) the Tennessee Supreme Court laid out the abuse of
discretion standard in domestic relations cases:

        Under the abuse of discretion standard, a trial court's ruling “will be upheld so
        long as reasonable minds can disagree as to propriety of the decision made.”

        4
            (...continued)
in the portion of the order in which the court discussed Mother’s cross-petition:

        Father’s mother has signed a letter of intent to pay all private school tuition for the minor
        child at Ezell Harding Christian School in Nashville, Tennessee. For her to do so when
        Father filed a Petition that he is no longer receiving a monetary gift upon which child
        support should be based indicates that there may be a control issue between Father and his
        mother.
        5
             In the parenting plan, the parties were given joint authority to make educational decisions.

                                                       -6-
       A trial court abuses its discretion only when it “applie[s] an incorrect legal
       standard, or reache[s] a decision which is against logic or reasoning that
       cause[s] an injustice to the party complaining.” The abuse of discretion
       standard does not permit the appellate court to substitute its judgment for that
       of the trial court.

Eldridge, 42 S.W.3d at 85 (internal citations omitted).

       The statement of evidence included the following pertinent to the granting of the
cross-petition:

       6. The Mother has remarried and has a child born to that marriage.
       ***
       8. The Mother has been employed for more than ten (10) years in the
       insurance industry, with her office being located in Brentwood, Tennessee.
       ***
       10. The Father has been employed for eight (8) years as a school teacher at
       Antioch High School, located in Davidson County, Tennessee.
       11. The Mother’s residence is zoned for Castle Heights Elementary School in
       Lebanon Special School District.
       12. The Father’s residence is zoned for Gladeville Elementary School in the
       Wilson County School District.
       13. The Father desires that the minor child attend private school at Ezell-
       Harding Academy, located at 574 Bell Road, Antioch, TN 37013.
       14. The Father proposed that the tuition to the private school be paid as a gift
       from the paternal Grandmother.
       15. The paternal Grandmother signed a financial responsibility form in which
       she agreed to be “responsible party number two” (or cosigner) with regard to
       the financial responsibility for Ezell-Harding Academy as set forth in Trial
       Exhibit #3.
       ***
       17. Ezell-Harding is less than ten (10) minutes from Father’s employment.
       18. The Mother desires that the child attend Castle Heights Elementary School,
       which is the public school where she is zoned.
       19. Castle Heights is approximately five (5) minutes from where Mother
       resides.
       20. The Mother states that the maternal grandmother lives close to Castle
       Heights Elementary School, and could be there to assist picking up the child
       in an emergency, as neither parent works in Lebanon.

                                             -7-
        21. Castle Heights is approximately twenty (20) minutes from Father’s
        residence, and approximately forty (40) minutes from where Father works.
        ***
        41. The Mother is opposed to the minor child attending school in Nashville
        and has asked that the Court allow her to enroll the child in the public school
        for which she is zoned.
        42. The Mother testified that she desired for the child to be an active part of
        the community in which he and his younger sister reside and to participate in
        school, sports, and extracurricular activities in Wilson County, Tennessee.
        43. The Father did not request that the Court order the child to attend the
        public school for which he is zoned.

In its order granting the cross-petition, the court discussed the testimony referenced above
at length and the best interest of the child, giving consideration to the parties’ financial
situation6 and the fact that, while Mother and Father both lived in Wilson County, neither
worked there; the court noted that “there is an advantage to enrollment at Castle Heights
because the child has a great-grandmother in good health who can take him or pick him up
from school as needed.”

       The court’s determination that the best interest of the child would be served by
enrolling him in Castle Heights Elementary School is supported by the evidence; the court
did not abuse its discretion in granting Mother’s petition.

III. A WARD OF A TTORNEYS’ F EES TO M OTHER

          We next address Father’s contention that the trial court’s award of attorneys’ fees to
Mother was error. The decision to award attorney fees and the amount awarded are
d is c re tio n a ry w i t h th e tria l c o u rt. M e lv in v . J o h n s o n – M e lv in , N o .
M2004–02106–COA–R3–CV, 2006 WL 1132042, at *9 (Tenn. Ct. App. Apr. 27, 2006).
Accordingly, a trial court’s decision will be upheld unless the court abuses its discretion;
such abuse will be found if the court applies “incorrect legal standards, reach[es] an illogical
conclusion . . . , or employ[s] reasoning that causes an injustice to the complaining party.”
Kline v. Eyrich, 69 S.W.3d 197, 203 (Tenn. 2002); Konvalinka v. Chattanooga–Hamilton
Cnty. Hosp. Auth., 249 S.W.3d 346, 358 (Tenn. 2008).

        6
          The court noted that “[b]ased on the parties’ income, neither is able to pay private school tuition”
and that the Court “cannot order the Father’s mother to pay [the tuition at Ezell-Harding].”

                                                     -8-
        In Tennessee, generally each party must pay their own attorneys’ fees unless there is
a statute or a contractual provision that provides otherwise. Taylor v. Fezell, 158 S.W.3d
352, 359 (Tenn. 2005) (citation omitted). Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-103(c) provides:

       The plaintiff spouse may recover from the defendant spouse, and the spouse
       or other person to whom the custody of the child, or children, is awarded may
       recover from the other spouse reasonable attorney fees incurred in enforcing
       any decree for alimony and/or child support, or in regard to any suit or action
       concerning the adjudication of the custody or the change of custody of any
       child, or children, of the parties, both upon the original divorce hearing and at
       any subsequent hearing, which fees may be fixed and allowed by the court,
       before whom such action or proceeding is pending, in the discretion of such
       court.

This statute has been interpreted by the courts as “allowing for the award of attorney's fees
to a party defending an action to change a prior order on the theory that the defending party
is enforcing the prior order.” Hansen v. Hansen, 2009 WL 3230984, No. M2008-02378-
COA-R3-CV, at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. Oct. 7, 2009) (citations omitted).

       In light of our holding that Father’s child support obligation should be reconsidered
on remand, we vacate the award of attorney fees to Mother; the award of fees should be
reconsidered in accordance with the disposition of Father’s petition to modify.

                                       CONCLUSION

        For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed in part, reversed
in part, and the case remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.

                                            ___________________________________
                                            RICHARD H. DINKINS, JUDGE

                                              -9-