Court Opinion

ID: 4660506
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-02-16 20:04:47.165584+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:07.441782
License: Public Domain

FOURTH DIVISION
                              DILLARD, P. J.,
                        RICKMAN, P. J., and BROWN, J.

                    NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                    physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                    days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                               https://www.gaappeals.us/rules

                    DEADLINES ARE NO LONGER TOLLED IN THIS
                    COURT. ALL FILINGS MUST BE SUBMITTED WITHIN
                    THE TIMES SET BY OUR COURT RULES.

                                                                    February 5, 2021

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A20A1582. JERVIS et al. v. AMOS et al.

      BROWN, Judge.

      In this personal injury action filed in the State Court of Rockdale County,

plaintiffs Jay Jervis and Lisa Jervis (the “Jervises”) appeal from the trial court’s order

granting defendants Jonathan Amos and Vivian Amos’ (the “Amoses”) motion to

enforce a settlement agreement and ordering the parties to draft and exchange a

Limited Liability Release “as set forth in paragraph 4 of the [Jervises’] Offer Letter

and corresponding payment of $25,000 made payable to the Plaintiffs and their

counsel within 10 days of the execution of this Order.” The Jervises argue that the

trial court erred in finding an enforceable settlement agreement because the Amoses

could not prove that American Claims Management (“American”) provided written

acceptance of the five material terms required by OCGA § 9-11-67.1 or that American
performed the acts necessary for acceptance of the Jervises’ offer. They also contend

that the trial court lacked the equity jurisdiction to order the parties to draft and

exchange a Limited Liability Release. For the reasons explained below, we reverse.

             We apply a de novo standard of review to a trial court’s order on
      a motion to enforce a settlement agreement. Because the issues raised
      are analogous to those in a motion for summary judgment, in order to
      succeed on a motion to enforce a settlement agreement, a party must
      show the court that the documents, affidavits, depositions and other
      evidence in the record reveal that there is no evidence sufficient to
      create a jury issue on at least one essential element of the Appellant’s
      case. Thus, we view the evidence in a light most favorable to the
      nonmoving party.

(Citation and punctuation omitted.) Duenas v. Cook, 347 Ga. App. 436, 436-437 (818

SE2d 629) (2018). So viewed, the record shows that Jay Jervis was injured on May

15, 2017, when his motorcycle collided with a vehicle being driven by Jonathan

Amos, and owned by his mother, Vivian Amos. The Amoses’ vehicle was insured by

Everest Security Insurance Company and American was the third-party administrator

for Everest. On February 22, 2018, counsel for the Jervises emailed American, noting

that Jay Jervis had medical expenses exceeding $2,000,000, and asking that American

provide a letter confirming Everest’s tender of policy limits. On February 27, 2018,

                                         2
American sent a letter to counsel acknowledging receipt of the Jervises’ “demand,”

and stating that “we are meeting your demand and tendering our limits of $25,000.00

to resolve Mr. Jervis’ claim. We will issue the settlement check to your office; it will

be mailed regular mail. . . . Attached is our proposed Limited Release for your review

and execution.” Counsel responded, thanking American for offering to pay its policy

limits, but noting that he had requested American “issue a ‘tender letter’ advising the

policy limits of your insured would be offered. We have not made a formal demand

and will advise your office when we do.” The letter also advised American not to

issue a settlement check “at this time as it will be returned to your office.”

      Almost a year later, on February 4, 2019, the Jervises’ attorney sent an email

to the new claims adjuster assigned to the claim, stating that he would send a demand

letter. On February 19, 2019, the Jervises sent American a letter making a settlement

offer pursuant to OCGA §§ 9-11-67.1 and 51-12-14. The letter provided as follows:

             Pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-67.1 and the common law, we are
      providing this reasonable opportunity to settle claims against your
      insured under the terms below. Please note that some of the material
      terms are conditions of acceptance and not conditions of performance.
      If you fail to timely perform a condition of acceptance, there will be no
      settlement agreement and we will be forced to file a lawsuit against your
      insured. Time is of the essence for each and every condition.

                                           3
      1. You have 30 days from your receipt of this offer to provide to
us a written statement pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-67.1 (b) as to whether
you agree to all of the terms of this offer. The 30-day period shall be
conclusively established by the green return-receipt-requested postcard
provided by the US postal service.

      2. The amount of monetary payment demanded is $25,000.00. If
you choose to make the payment in a method other than cash, the
payment must be made payable to Jay D. Jervis, Lisa D. Jervis and
Samuel J. Crowe, P.C. The monetary payment must be actually received
by the undersigned not less than ten (10) days after you provide a
written statement of agreement. Our timely receipt of payment is an
essential element of acceptance. If you do not ensure that we receive
timely payment within the deadline, there will be no settlement, and we
will be forced to file a lawsuit against your insured.

       3. The parties to be released are Vivian L. Amos, Jonathan F.
Amos and Everest Security Insurance Company under policy
#8700715207-02.

      4. The type of release to be executed in exchange for payment is
a Limited Liability Release pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 33-24-41.1.

      5. The claims to be released are for all personal injury/bodily
injury claims of Jay D. Jervis and Lisa D. Jervis arising from the bodily
injuries of Mr. Jay D. Jervis in the collision of May 15, 2017.

                                     4
             6. The enclosed Affidavit of Jonathan F. Amos regarding other
      Insurance must be executed and returned with your letter of acceptance.

             If you do not timely fulfill all conditions of acceptance, this offer
      will be deemed rejected, and we will file a lawsuit against your insured
      to recover the total amount of losses caused by your insured instead of
      the limited amount afforded by your coverage and other coverage that
      may be available.

                                          ...

             This demand is additionally made pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 51-12-
      14. However, in order to harmonize the terms of O.C.G.A. § 51-12-14
      with the terms of O.C.G.A. § 9-11-67.1, the time period for you to pay
      the amount demanded shall be the longer period contained in O.C.G.A.
      § 9-11-67.1 as set forth in this demand. If you fail to accept this demand
      and timely pay the amount demanded, this demand is automatically
      withdrawn and we will seek interest against your insured on the amount
      demanded.

(Emphasis in original.) On February 22, 2019, American’s claims adjuster emailed

the Jervises’ attorney asking for his firm’s W-9 “to enter into [the] system so I am

able to process settlement payment.” Counsel responded via email, stating that a copy

of the firm’s W-9 was attached. In a letter also dated February 22, 2019 (“the First

Letter”), American’s claims adjuster advised the Jervises’ attorney as follows:

                                           5
      This letter serves to acknowledge American Claims Management, Inc.’s
      (“Everest”) receipt referenced notice of loss. American . . . is the third
      party administrator for Everest regarding the above-mentioned claim.
      We have evaluated this bodily injury claim and I am authorized to
      extend an offer of $25,000.00 for your client’s injury claim. Please
      consult with your client and let me know of your response at your
      earliest convenience.

A second letter from the claims adjuster to the Jervises’ attorney dated February 22,

2019 (“the Second Letter”), provides: “Enclosed is the check and limited release. We

sent the Affidavit of Jonathan F[.] Amos regarding other insurance to the Jonathan

Amos/Vivian Amos. Once we received (sic) the signed from (sic), we will forward

to your office.” A draft check in the amount of $25,000, dated February 23, 2019, as

well as a limited liability release were attached to the letter. There is no evidence in

the record that then-counsel responded to either letter.

      On March 21, 2019, new counsel for the Jervises emailed American’s counsel,

opining that rather than providing written acceptance of the material terms of the

Jervises’ February 19, 2019 offer and performing the acts required for acceptance,

American sent the First Letter, characterized by counsel as “Counteroffer 1,” which

“extinguished the Offer sent on behalf of Mr. and Mrs. Jervis pursuant to O.C.G.A.

§ 9-11-67.1.” Counsel for the Jervises characterized the Second Letter as

                                           6
“Counteroffer 2” which “did not provide anything that could be viewed as an

unequivocal acceptance of the material terms of the [Jervises’] Offer without variance

of any sort as required by O.C.G.A. § 9-11-67.1. Additionally, Counteroffer 2

included terms and sworn representations in the limited release that, for multiple

reasons, could not be accepted by Mr. and Mrs. Jervis.” The Jervises “respectfully”

declined Counteroffers 1 and 2. On April 9, 2019, Jonathan Amos signed the

Affidavit of No Insurance.

      On April 9, 2019, the Jervises filed a personal injury suit against Jonathan

Amos and Vivian Amos. The Amoses moved to enforce the parties’ settlement.

Following a hearing, where the Jervises’ attorney returned the draft check sent by

American, the trial court granted the motion and dismissed the complaint with

prejudice against the Amoses and entered a final judgment in their favor. The trial

court ordered the parties to exchange a Limited Liability Release as set forth in the

Jervises’ Offer and corresponding payment of $25,000 within ten day of the order.

This appeal followed.

      1. The Jervises contend that the trial court erred by enforcing the settlement

agreement. We agree.

      We note at the outset that

                                          7
      well-established principles guide our inquiry into whether the parties
      entered into a settlement agreement. In order to prevent litigation,
      compromises of doubtful rights are upheld by general policy. At the
      same time, courts are certainly limited to those terms upon which the
      parties themselves have mutually agreed. Indeed, apart from such mutual
      agreement, no enforceable contract exists between the parties. And
      settlement agreements must meet the same requirements of formation
      and enforceability as other contracts. Thus, an answer to an offer will
      not amount to an acceptance, so as to result in a contract, unless it is
      unconditional and identical with the terms of the offer. The offer must
      be accepted unequivocally and without variance of any sort. And if a
      purported acceptance of the plaintiff’s settlement offer imposes any new
      conditions, it constitutes a counteroffer rather than an acceptance.
      Furthermore, the party asserting the existence of a contract has the
      burden of proving its existence and its terms.

(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Hansen v. Doan, 320 Ga. App. 609, 611-612

(740 SE2d 338) (2013). The trial court concluded that the correspondence between

the two parties on February 22, 2019, demonstrated “unequivocal evidence the deal

was consummated” regardless of the fact that the correspondence did not contain the

specific words “‘accept’ or ‘agree.’” The trial court also noted the sharp contrast

between counsel’s actions in 2019 and his actions in 2018: “when this same counsel

was told that [Everest] was sending a check[, he] disavowed any agreement” and

                                         8
advised that if Everest issued a settlement check, it would be returned. With regard

to Jonathan Amos’ affidavit of other insurance, the trial court found that the initial

statement in the offer (“Please note that some of the material terms are conditions of

acceptance and not conditions of performance”) (emphasis in original) did not define

the term “some” or indicate that the affidavit was a condition of acceptance, and

concluded that,

      [t]he Plaintiffs did not condition acceptance upon return of the Affidavit
      and, as such, the Affidavit was not required in order to accept the
      Plaintiffs’ offer. Plaintiffs’ counsel himself made clear that such an
      affidavit was not a condition of acceptance when he provided his W-9
      to cause the agreed-to check to be issued pursuant to the parties’
      agreement.

The Jervises contend that the trial court’s conclusions are erroneous because (a)

American never provided written acceptance of all five statutory material terms in the

Jervises’ offer as required by OCGA § 9-11-67.1, and (b) American never performed

the act of delivering an affidavit of Jonathan Amos regarding other insurance with

written acceptance as required by the offer.

      We need not decide whether American’s First or Second Letter should be

construed as written acceptance because Jonathan Amos’ affidavit of “other

                                          9
[i]nsurance” was not executed or returned as provided in the Jervises’ offer. “Georgia

law holds that an offer may be accepted either by a promise to do the thing

contemplated therein, or by the actual doing of the thing. And if an offer calls for an

act, it can be accepted only by the doing of the act.” (Citation and punctuation

omitted.) Barnes v. Martin-Price, 353 Ga. App. 621, 624 (1) (838 SE2d 916) (2020).

See also Duenas, 347 Ga. App. at 440-441 (“an offer must be accepted in the manner

specified by it; and if it calls for a promise, then a promise must be made; or if it calls

for an act, it can be accepted only by the doing of the act”) (citation and punctuation

omitted); Hansen, 320 Ga. App. at 612 (1). In Grange Mutual Cas. Co. v. Woodard,

300 Ga. 848 (797 SE2d 814) (2017), the Georgia Supreme Court concluded that

OCGA § 9-11-67.1 permits a claimant to ask “the recipient of a Pre-Suit Offer to do

something to accept the offer beyond stating the recipient’s acceptance in writing,”

and noted that “if the recipient of a Pre-Suit Offer is asked to do something more to

accept, the parties do not have a meeting of the minds if the recipient does not also

perform that action.” Id. at 855-856 (2) (B). See OCGA § 9-11-67.1 (c). The Court

held that “OCGA § 9-11-67.1 permits ‘unilateral’ contracts whereby Pre-Suit Offers

may demand acceptance in the form of performance (in addition to the statutorily

                                            10
mandated written acceptance) before there is a binding enforceable settlement

contract.” Woodard, 300 Ga. at 858 (3).

      While the Jervises’ offer letter states that “some of the material terms are

conditions of acceptance and not conditions of performance,” it specifically called for

an executed affidavit of other insurance to be returned with the letter of acceptance

within 30 days, and stressed that time is of the essence for each and every condition.

The offer was extended on February 19, 2019, and Jonathan Amos’ affidavit of no

other insurance was not executed until April 9, 2019. Contrary to the trial court’s

conclusion, and regardless of the Jervises’ counsel’s action in providing his W-9,1

given that neither the First nor the Second Letter included the affidavit, there was no

binding settlement agreement. The execution and return of the affidavit within 30

days was an act necessary to acceptance of the Jervises’ offer to settle and was not a

condition of performance.2 See Benton v. Gailey, 334 Ga. App. 548, 551 (2) (779

      1
         In our view, counsel’s “tendering of his W-9” was not “unequivocal evidence
[that] the deal was consummated” and did not amount to a waiver of the conditions
of the offer. Under Paragraph 2 of the offer, timely receipt of payment was a
condition of acceptance and the only way for payment to be made was for counsel to
provide his W-9; if counsel had not provided his W-9, the Amoses would not have
been able to make prompt payment.
      2
       Regardless of the fact that the term “some” is not defined in the offer, the
wording of Paragraph 6 makes it clear that the Amoses were being asked to “do

                                          11
SE2d 749) (2015) (affirming denial of motion to enforce settlement agreement

because, inter alia, the insurer failed to deliver the settlement checks as specified in

the offer). Compare Moreno v. Strickland, 255 Ga. App. 850, 853-854 (1) (567 SE2d

90) (2002) (presentation of proper release in a form acceptable to plaintiff may have

been condition of defendant’s performance, but was not an act necessary to

acceptance of the offer to settle). Because the affidavit was not executed and returned

as required by the terms of the offer, the trial court erred in granting the Amoses’

motion to enforce settlement agreement.

      2. Given our ruling in Division 1, we need not consider the Jervises’ remaining

enumeration of error.

      Judgment reversed. Dillard, P. J., and Rickman, P. J., concur.

something more to accept.” See Woodard, 300 Ga. at 856. Indeed, execution and
return of the affidavit within 30 days was an act necessary to acceptance of the offer
to settle and not a condition of performance. See, e.g., Kitchens v. Ezell, 315 Ga. App.
444, 447-449 (1) (a) (726 SE2d 461) (2012) (physical precedent only) (delivery of
bodily injury release within 20 days of the offer was an act necessary to acceptance).

                                          12