Court Opinion

ID: 4433793
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-27 21:00:34.134554+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:53:08.892160
License: Public Domain

FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                            AUG 27 2019
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JESUS ALAN FLORES,                               No.   17-73461

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A096-923-560

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

              Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                      Argued and Submitted August 14, 2019
                              Pasadena, California

Before: SCHROEDER and GRABER, Circuit Judges, and M. WATSON,**
District Judge.

      Jesus Alan Flores, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions for review of his

order of removal. He contends that his conviction under California Vehicle Code

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
            The Honorable Michael H. Watson, United States District Judge for
the Southern District of Ohio, sitting by designation.
section 10851(a) does not qualify as an aggravated theft offense supporting his

removal.

      The California statute, commonly referred to as a “joyriding statute,”

punishes the “Unlawful Taking or Driving of a Vehicle.” Cal. Veh. Code

§ 10851(a). We have held that this statute is not a categorical match for an

aggravated felony theft offense under 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(G) because Section

10851(a) criminalizes accessories after the fact, not just principal actors. See

United States v. Vidal, 504 F.3d 1072, 1086 (9th Cir. 2007) (en banc), abrogated

on other grounds as recognized in Cardozo-Arias v. Holder, 495 F. App’x 790,

792 n.1 (9th Cir. 2012).

      Petitioner contends that the statute is also overbroad in that it criminalizes

trivial offenses, like short joyrides, that should not qualify as “theft” offenses. We

have previously rejected similar arguments, ruling that even temporary takings or

“joyrides” under this statute meet the generic definition of a theft offense. See

Duenas-Alvarez v. Holder, 733 F.3d 812, 815 (9th Cir. 2013); Vidal, 504 F.3d at

1098 (9th Cir. 2007) (“[E]ven temporary deprivations of the rights and benefits of

ownership are categorically theft offenses.”). Thus, Section 10851(a) is overbroad

as compared to the generic definition of a theft offense in only one respect: Its

criminalization of accessories after the fact.

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      Because we have held that the statute is divisible in its treatment of

accessories after the fact, see Duenas-Alvarez, 733 F.3d at 815, Petitioner asks us

to look to the record of conviction under a modified categorical analysis to

determine whether he was convicted of the generically defined crime, i.e., as a

principal actor. Relying on United States v. Arriaga-Pinon, 852 F.3d 1195 (9th

Cir. 2017), Petitioner contends that the record of conviction is ambiguous on this

point. In Arriaga-Pinon, because the defendant had pled to driving “or” taking the

vehicle at issue and had not admitted any details about the conduct to which he

pled, we could not discern whether he had been convicted as a principal or

accessory. Id. at 1200.

      Here, however, there is no such ambiguity. The factual basis for Petitioner’s

plea states that he drove the car without the owner’s permission with the intent to

deprive the owner of the right to possess that car. Petitioner therefore pled to the

conduct of a principal actor, not an accessory after the fact. Because Petitioner was

unequivocally convicted of the generically defined crime, his conviction provides a

proper basis for his removal.

      Petition DENIED.

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