Court Opinion

ID: 4361654
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-01-24 17:12:38.615703+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:48:20.731411
License: Public Domain

J-S78003-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :          PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    DOMINICK WHITE                             :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :     No. 436 EDA 2018

           Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence September 29, 2017
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-51-CR-0008747-2016

BEFORE:      LAZARUS, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                              FILED JANUARY 24, 2019

        Dominick White appeals from his judgment of sentence, entered in the

Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, after a jury found him guilty

of robbery1, conspiracy to commit robbery2, and theft by unlawful taking3.

Counsel has petitioned this Court to withdraw from his representation of White

pursuant to Anders and Santiago.4                  Upon review, we affirm White’s

judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.

        The trial court set forth the facts of this case as follows:

____________________________________________

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701.

2   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903.

3   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3921.

4 Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and Commonwealth v.
Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).
____________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S78003-18

     Mr. Jackson[, (complainant),] testified that, on May 21, 2015, at
     approximately 11:15 p.m., he had just returned home from his
     work shift at the Fresh Grocer Supermarket; he was 19 years old
     at the time. After changing out of his work clothes, Mr. Jackson
     went outside to sit on the front steps of his home, located at 806
     North 16th Street, near Poplar Street, in Philadelphia. While
     speaking with his girlfriend on the telephone, Mr. Jackson felt a
     hard metal object being pressed against the back of his neck. At
     first, he thought it was one of his cousins or his little brother
     playing a joke on him, but when he turned around he realized it
     was not a joke. Mr. Jackson described the assailant as an 18 [to
     ]19[-]year[-]old, dark[-]skinned, African-American male, wearing
     a black hoodie and cargo pants. This male grabbed [Mr. Jackson]
     by his hood and ordered him into the entrance of an adjacent
     alleyway. As Mr. Jackson was complying, he observed [White]--
     whom he would describe to police as a light-skinned male wearing
     a black hoodie and black jeans with shoulder-length dreadlocks--
     walking toward him from the street. The male with tan pants
     ordered Mr. Jackson to remove his clothing. When Mr. Jackson
     did not immediately comply, the male struck him in the face with
     the butt of his handgun. Mr. Jackson then removed his shirt, jeans
     and sneakers, while [White], who was brandishing a black
     semiautomatic handgun, “stood guard” a few steps away.

     Mr. Jackson testified that after stripping down to his underwear,
     [White] and his cohort made him lie down on the ground.
     [White’s] cohort took Mr. Jackson’s cell phone and rummaged
     through his clothing; as he was doing this, [White] asked Mr.
     Jackson, “Do you have any bread?” Mr. Jackson responded in the
     negative, stating that all his money was in the bank. When
     [White] and his cohort realized that Mr. Jackson did not have any
     money, they threw his clothing and his sneakers over the fence of
     an adjacent property. The males then ordered Mr. Jackson to lie
     still for ten seconds, “Or we [sic] going to blow your brains out.”

     Mr. Jackson testified that he [laid] still for ten seconds. When
     [White] and his cohort [were] no longer [] in sight, he climbed
     over the fence to retrieve his clothing; he found his shirt and
     jeans, but could not find his sneakers. Still in his underwear, Mr.
     Jackson entered his home, where his mother immediately asked,
     “What is going on?”       Mr. Jackson explained what had just
     occurred, and called the police, who arrived within five minutes.

                                    -2-
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     Mr. Jackson testified that he flagged down the officer--Officer
     Jeffrey Holden--and told him that he had just been robbed. Mr.
     Jackson reported that his assailants had taken his white Galaxy
     S4 cell phone and provided a “good description” of them. Officer
     Holden relayed the description over the police radio, and told Mr.
     Jackson to “hop in” so that they could drive through the area and
     try to find them. After patrolling the area for a few minutes,
     Officer Holden transported Mr. Jackson a few blocks from the
     crime scene, where four suspects had been stopped. Mr. Jackson
     took one look at them and “automatically knew that wasn’t them.”
     Officer Holden and Mr. Jackson then proceeded to Girard Avenue,
     where they encountered three males--two of whom were [White]
     and his cohort.

     Mr. Jackson testified that when Officer Holden stopped his police
     cruiser (bringing it into view), each of the three males immediately
     “took off [running] in their own direction.” More specifically, the
     male in the tan cargo pants ran in the opposite direction of the
     third male, while [White] ran into a nearby Chinese store. Mr.
     Jackson remained in the police car while Officer Holden ran into
     the Chinese Store, returning with [White]. Mr. Jackson positively
     identified [White] as his assailant. Officer Holden then recovered
     a white Samsung Galaxy S4 phone from [White’s] pocket. Mr.
     Jackson initially was unsure if it was his phone because his phone
     was “brand new” when it was taken from him, whereas the phone
     recovered from [White] had a shattered screen and “the back
     piece was missing.” However, once the phone was turned on, a
     big picture of Mr. Jackson’s mother popped up on the screen. As
     he put it “[t]hat’s when I knew it was my phone.” Officer Holden
     then transported [White] and Mr. Jackson to the police station,
     where Mr. Jackson provided a statement to detectives.

     Finally, Mr. Jackson testified that in addition to positively
     identifying [White] on the street, he positively identified him at
     the preliminary hearing, and once again at trial without any
     equivocation:

           Q.    And as we sit here today, how confident are you
           that this defendant right here is the person that took
           you into the alley and held you at gunpoint and robbed
           you of your phone?

           A.    100 percent.

                                    -3-
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     Philadelphia Police Officer Jeffrey Holden testified next for the
     Commonwealth. Officer Holden testified that, on May 21, 2015,
     at 11:26 p.m., he received a police radio call for “robbery in
     progress” at 16th and Reno Streets. Officer Holden, who was one
     block away from that location, arrived at the scene, where he
     encountered Mr. Jackson, waiving and [] flailing his arms. Officer
     Holden told Mr. Jackson to calm down, get in the passenger’s seat,
     and describe the assailants.       Officer Holden recorded the
     description as two males between 20 and 35 years old, one
     wearing a black pullover hoodie with tan cargo pants, and the
     other wearing a black hoodie and black jeans with dreadlocks.
     After relaying that information over police radio, he and Mr.
     Jackson started to canvass the area, driving only 5 to 10 miles per
     hour. Officer Holden noted that, since it was a Wednesday night,
     there were not many people out. At approximately 11:42 a.m.,
     police broadcast that two suspects were stopped outside a bar at
     17th and Fairmount Avenue. Officer Holden proceeded to that
     location, where Mr. Jackson took one look at the males and stated,
     “No, those are not the guys that robbed me.”

     Following the above encounter, Officer Holden proceeded
     westbound on Fairmount Avenue until 25th Street, where he
     turned right and proceeded northbound until Poplar Street; he
     then drove two blocks westbound on Poplar until 27th, where he
     turned northbound toward Girard Avenue. Officer Holden testified
     that as soon as he turned onto 27th Street, he saw two males
     walking side by side--one wearing a black hoodie and tan cargo
     pants and the other wearing a black hoodie and black pants with
     dreadlocks--along with a third male walking several steps behind
     them. At that point, Officer Holden asked Mr. Jackson, “Are these
     the guys?” Mr. Jackson looked at them and said, “Yes, that’s
     them.” Officer Holden then radioed for backup and proceeded to
     the corner of 28th and Girard. [White] and his cohort both looked
     over their shoulders and, upon seeing the police car, took off in
     different directions. [White] ducked inside a Chinese store located
     at 2817 Girard Avenue. Officer Holden pursued [White] into the
     store, and with his gun drawn, ordered [White] to get down;
     [White] complied and was taken into custody. Officer Holden
     recovered a cell phone with a detached battery from [White’s]
     front pants pocket. Upon turning on the phone, a picture of Mr.
     Jackson’s mother appeared on the screen.

Trial Court Opinion, 10/11/18, at 2-5 (citations and footnotes omitted).

                                    -4-
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        On June 22, 2017, White was convicted by a jury of the above offenses.

On September 29, 2017, the court sentenced him to an aggregate term of 6-

12 years’ incarceration. Appellant filed a pro se motion for reconsideration of

sentence, which was denied by the trial court on February 2, 2018.5 That

same day, appellant’s then-attorney filed a timely notice of appeal.

Appellant’s current counsel thereafter filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c) statement in

which he notified the trial court of his intent to file an Anders brief.

        In seeking to withdraw from representation, counsel’s Anders brief

must:
        (1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
        citations to the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that
        counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set forth
        counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state
        counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous.
        Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling
        case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion
        that the appeal is frivolous.

Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 361 (Pa. 2009).

        Additionally, counsel must furnish a copy of the brief to Appellant, advise

him of his right to retain new counsel, proceed pro se or raise any additional

points that he deems worthy of the court’s attention, and attach to the Anders

____________________________________________

5  In this Commonwealth, hybrid representation is not permitted. See
Commonwealth v. Jette, 23 A.3d 1032, 1036 (Pa. 2011). Thus, any pro se
post-sentence motion filed while a defendant is still represented by counsel is
a nullity, having no legal effect. Commonwealth v. Piscanio, 608 A.2d
1027, 1029 n.3 (Pa. 1992). Here, White had no right to file a pro se motion
for reconsideration of his sentence, as he was still represented by trial counsel
at the time the document was filed. It is unclear from the record why the trial
court addressed White’s pro se motion under these circumstances.

                                           -5-
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petition a copy of the letter sent to the client. Commonwealth v. Daniels,

999 A.2d 590, 594 (Pa. Super. 2010).

       Instantly, counsel’s petition states that he has made an examination of

the record and concluded the appeal is wholly frivolous. Counsel indicates

that he supplied White with a copy of the brief and a letter explaining his right

to proceed pro se, or with privately-retained counsel, and to raise any other

issues he believes might have merit.6 Counsel has also submitted a brief,

setting out the two issues raised by White and, pursuant to the dictates of

Santiago, explains in his petition to withdraw why he believes the appeal to

be frivolous. Thus, counsel has substantially complied with the requirements

for withdrawal.

       Counsel having satisfied the procedural requirements for withdrawal,

this Court must conduct its own review of the proceedings and render an

independent judgment as to whether the appeal is, in fact, wholly frivolous.

See Commonwealth v. Yorgey, 188 A.3d 1190, 1196 (Pa. Super. 2018).

       White raises the following issues for our review:

       1. The evidence was insufficient to sustain the convictions because
       the identification of [White] by the complaining witness was
       erroneous.

       2. The verdicts were against the weight of the evidence because
       of the many inconsistencies in the testimony of the complaining
       witness regarding his description of the robber he [identified] as
       [White].

____________________________________________

6 White has not submitted any supplemental filings to this Court in response
to counsel’s letter.

                                           -6-
J-S78003-18

Anders Brief, at 12.

      White first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence.       Where an

appellant raises such a challenge,

      [t]he standard we apply in reviewing the [claim] is whether[,]
      viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light most
      favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to
      enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond
      a reasonable doubt. In applying the above test, we may not weigh
      the evidence and substitute our judgment for [that of] the fact-
      finder. In addition, we note that the facts and circumstances
      established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every
      possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt
      may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak
      and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of fact may
      be drawn from the combined circumstances.

Commonwealth v. Vargas, 108 A.3d 858, 867-68 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(citation omitted).

      White’s sole argument in support of his sufficiency claim is that the

victim’s identification of him as the assailant is erroneous. This, however, is

a credibility argument that goes to the weight, not the sufficiency, of the

evidence. See Commonwealth v. Gibbs, 981 A.2d 274, 281-82. (Pa. Super.

2009). In any event, our review of the record reveals that there was sufficient

evidence for the jury to find that Jackson was accosted by two men, one of

whom was White. Jackson was able to dismiss other suspects as the culprits

and repeatedly identified White as his assailant.         Furthermore, White

personally demanded money, or “bread,” from Jackson during the robbery.

Moreover, there was evidence tending to show that White worked in concert

                                     -7-
J-S78003-18

with another robber.      Accordingly, the evidence is not “so weak and

inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of fact may be drawn.”

Vargas, 108 A.3d at 867. Therefore, there was more than sufficient evidence

to convict White of robbery, conspiracy to commit robbery, and theft by

unlawful taking.

      White also claims that the verdict was against the weight of the

evidence.    Specifically, he asserts that there were inconsistencies in the

description of the assailant. White has waived this claim.

      To preserve a challenge to the weight of the evidence, a litigant must

raise the claim: (1) orally on the record at any time before sentencing; (2)

by written motion at any time before sentencing; or (3) in a post-sentence

motion. Pa.R.Crim.P. 607. Failure to do so results in waiver of the claim for

purposes of appellate review. Commonwealth v. Mack, 850 A.2d 690, 694

(Pa. Super. 2004) (failure to raise weight claim before trial court results in

waiver, even where trial court addresses claim on merits). Here, White failed

to preserve his challenge to the weight of the evidence in the manner required

pursuant to Rule 607. Accordingly, the claim is waived.

      Even if White had properly preserved the claim, however, he would be

entitled to no relief.

      A claim alleging the verdict was against the weight of the evidence
      is addressed to the discretion of the trial court. Accordingly, an
      appellate court reviews the exercise of the trial court’s discretion;
      it does not answer for itself whether the verdict was against the
      weight of the evidence. It is well settled that the jury is free to
      believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to determine the

                                      -8-
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      credibility of the witnesses, and a new trial based on a weight of
      the evidence claim is only warranted where the jury’s verdict is so
      contrary to the evidence that it shocks one’s sense of justice. In
      determining whether this standard has been met, appellate review
      is limited to whether the trial judge’s discretion was properly
      exercised and relief will only be granted where the facts and
      inferences of record disclose a palpable abuse of discretion.

Commonwealth v. Houser, 18 A.3d 1128, 1135-36 (Pa. 2011) (citations

and internal quotation marks omitted).

      Here, the jury reasonably found that White robbed Jackson.            Even

though Jackson did not note White’s facial tattoos, the jury could have

reasonably found Jackson to be credible, and infer guilt from White’s

possession of Jackson’s cell phone within 30 minutes of the time of the robbery

in the same geographical area.        Contrary to White’s assertion, Jackson

consistently identified White as his assailant: he identified White on the night

of the incident, at a pretrial hearing, and again at trial. Furthermore, Jackson’s

testimony was corroborated by that of Officer Holden.         The sole evidence

offered by White was his own testimony that he bought the phone for $10

immediately before he was arrested.       See N.T. Trial, 9/29/17, at 166-67.

However, “the jury is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence.” Id.

It does not shock one’s sense of justice that the jury did not find White to be

a credible witness. Accordingly, the court did not abuse its discretion in finding

White’s weight claim to be without merit.

      We have undertaken a thorough examination of record and concluded

there are no non-frivolous issues to be raised on appeal. Yorgey, supra.

                                      -9-
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Accordingly, we affirm White’s judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s

petition to withdraw.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed. Petition to withdraw granted.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/24/19

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