Court Opinion

ID: 9890573
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-13 16:11:28.610804+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:20:39.593170
License: Public Domain

J-A19015-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  ANTINO SINGLETON                             :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 2664 EDA 2022

    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered September 19, 2022
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-51-CR-0005908-2018,
                         CP-51-CR-0007350-2014

  COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  ANTINO SINGLETON                             :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 2665 EDA 2022

    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered September 19, 2022
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-51-CR-00059082018,
                        CP-51-CR-0007350-2014

BEFORE:      BOWES, J., STABILE, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                              FILED OCTOBER 13, 2023

       Antino Singleton appeals from the aggregate sentence of twelve to

thirty-six months of incarceration, followed by two years of probation,

imposed upon his violation of probation (“VOP”). We affirm.

____________________________________________

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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       In January 2017, Appellant pled guilty to charges filed in 2014 for

possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver (“PWID”) and was

sentenced to five years of probation (“2014 case”). However, he failed to

comply with the conditions of his probation when he did not enroll in court-

ordered drug treatment or parenting classes, participate in a mental health

evaluation, or pay money toward his court fees.

       New PWID charges were filed in 2018 against Appellant on an unrelated

matter (“2018 case”). He pled guilty in the 2018 case and was sentenced to

six to eighteen months of confinement with immediate parole, followed by one

year of probation. The VOP court also revoked Appellant’s five-year probation

term in the 2014 case and resentenced him to three years of probation, to run

concurrent with the one-year probation imposed in the 2018 case.

       In 2019, Appellant neglected to report to probation as frequently as

required, tested positive for THC in November, and reported to probation for

the last time in December. A bench warrant was subsequently issued after

Appellant failed to appear at a court hearing. He did not report to probation

at all in 2020 or 2021 and absconded from supervision until May 2022, when

he was arrested in Philadelphia on new charges.1

       As a result of the foregoing, the VOP court revoked Appellant’s

probation.     Appellant was sentenced to consecutive sentences of six to
____________________________________________

1 Appellant was also arrested in New Jersey in 2021. The charges stemming
from his New Jersey arrest were dropped, and he continued to remain in
probation absconder status. Appellant’s most recent charges had no bearing
on the VOP court’s determination.

                                           -2-
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eighteen months of incarceration on both the 2014 and 2018 cases. Each

sentence also carried a one-year probationary tail.       Appellant’s motion to

reconsider was denied, and this consolidated, timely appeal followed.2

       Both Appellant and the VOP court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

Appellant presents the following issues for our review:

       A. Did not the [VOP] court violate the requirements of 42 Pa.C.S.
          § 9771(c) of the Sentencing Code when, after revoking his
          probation, it sentenced [A]ppellant to a period of total
          confinement where: 1) he had not been convicted of a new
          crime; 2) the record did not demonstrate any likelihood that he
          would commit a new crime if not incarcerated; and 3)
          incarceration was not essential to vindicate the authority of the
          court?

       B. Was not the [VOP] court’s imposition of one to three years [of]
          state incarceration[,] followed by two years [of] probation for
          technical violations of probation, manifestly excessive and an
          abuse of discretion where the court failed to give individualized
          consideration to [A]ppellant’s personal history, rehabilitative
          needs[,] or background, and without explaining how, as a
          matter of law, this sentence was the least stringent one
          adequate to protect the community and to serve the
          rehabilitative needs of the [A]ppellant?

       C. Did not the [VOP] court err and abuse its discretion by
          sentencing [A]ppellant to an excessive period of incarceration?

Appellant’s brief at 5 (cleaned up).

       We begin with the pertinent legal principles. “[I]n reviewing an appeal

from a judgment of sentence imposed after the revocation of probation, this

Court’s scope of review includes the validity of the hearing, the legality of the

____________________________________________

2 This Court granted Appellant’s motion to consolidate the two cases.

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final sentence, and if properly raised, the discretionary aspects of the

appellant’s sentence.”     Commonwealth v. Starr, 234 A.3d 755, 759

(Pa.Super. 2020) (cleaned up). All three of Appellant’s issues implicate the

discretionary aspects of his VOP sentence. It is well-settled that:

      An appellant wishing to appeal the discretionary aspects of a
      probation-revocation sentence has no absolute right to do so but,
      rather, must petition this Court for permission to do so. Before
      this Court can address such a discretionary challenge, an appellant
      must invoke this Court’s jurisdiction by establishing that (1) the
      appeal was timely filed; (2) the challenge was properly preserved
      by objecting during the revocation sentencing or in a post-
      sentence motion; (3) his or her brief includes a concise statement
      of the reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal of the
      discretionary aspects of the sentence pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.
      2119(f); and (4) the concise statement raises a substantial
      question that the sentence is inappropriate under the Sentencing
      Code.

Id. (cleaned up).

      In the instant case, Appellant satisfied the first three requirements by

filing a timely notice of appeal, preserving his issues in a motion to reconsider

sentence, and including a Rule 2119(f) statement in his brief. As to the fourth

prong, “[t]he determination of what constitutes a substantial question must

be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.” Id. at 768 (cleaned up). This Court

has stated: “A substantial question exists only when the appellant advances

a colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were either: (1)

inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary

to the fundamental norms which underlie the sentencing process.”             Id.

(cleaned up).

                                      -4-
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       Appellant argues that the VOP court imposed a manifestly excessive

sentence of total confinement in response to technical violations of his

probation and did not consider the factors set forth in § 9771(c).3 We conclude

that his claims raise a substantial question.          See Commonwealth v.

Malovich, 903 A.2d 1247, 1253 (Pa.Super. 2006) (determining that the

defendant raised substantial questions where he claimed that his VOP

sentence of total confinement was excessive in light of the technical violations

at issue and was imposed without discussing the applicable statutory factors).

       Therefore, Appellant has successfully invoked this Court’s jurisdiction,

and we may consider his contentions. It is well-settled that “sentencing is a

matter vested in the sound discretion of the sentencing judge, and a sentence

will not be disturbed on appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion.”

Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 828 A.2d 1126, 1128 (Pa.Super. 2003).

Moreover, “[a]n abuse of discretion is more than a mere error of judgment;

____________________________________________

3 That provision states as follows:

       The court shall not impose a sentence of total confinement upon
       revocation unless it finds that:

       (1)    the defendant has been convicted of another crime; or

       (2)    the conduct of the defendant indicates that it is likely that
              he will commit another crime if he is not imprisoned; or

       (3)    such a sentence is essential to vindicate the authority of the
              court.

42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(c).

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thus, a sentencing court will not have abused its discretion unless the record

discloses that the judgment exercised was manifestly unreasonable, or the

result of partiality, prejudice, bias[,] or ill-will.” Commonwealth v. Walls,

926 A.2d 957, 961 (Pa. 2007).        Our Supreme Court has explained that

sentencing following revocation of probation

      is qualitatively different than an initial sentencing proceeding. At
      initial sentencing, all of the rules and procedures designed to
      inform the court and to cabin its discretionary sentencing
      authority properly are involved and play a crucial role. However,
      it is a different matter when a defendant reappears before the
      court for sentencing proceedings following a violation of the mercy
      bestowed upon him in the form of a probationary sentence. For
      example, in such a case, contrary to when an initial sentence is
      imposed, the Sentencing Guidelines do not apply, and the
      revocation court is not cabined by [the] requirement that the
      sentence imposed should call for confinement that is consistent
      with the protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it
      relates to the impact on the life of the victim and on the
      community, and the rehabilitative needs of the defendant.

            Upon revoking probation, the sentencing alternatives
      available to the court shall be the same as were available at the
      time of initial sentencing, due consideration being given to the
      time spent serving the order of probation. Thus, upon revoking
      probation, the trial court is limited only by the maximum sentence
      that it could have imposed originally at the time of the
      probationary sentence, although once probation has been
      revoked, the court shall not impose a sentence of total
      confinement unless it finds that:

            (1) the defendant has been convicted of another
            crime; or

            (2) the conduct of the defendant indicates that it is
            likely that he will commit another crime if he is not
            imprisoned; or

            (3) such a sentence is essential to vindicate the
            authority of the court.

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Commonwealth v. Pasture, 107 A.3d 21, 27–28 (Pa. 2014) (cleaned up).

     Appellant first argues that the sentencing court violated § 9771(c).

Particularly, Appellant avers that the VOP court sentenced him to total

confinement for mere technical violations of his probation, which was improper

because he was not convicted of another crime, his behavior does not indicate

a likelihood of committing another crime if he is not imprisoned, and his

sentence is not necessary to vindicate the authority of the court.           See

Appellant’s brief at 20. Therefore, Appellant contends that incarceration was

impermissible. See id. at 22.

     In sentencing Appellant to total confinement, the VOP court stated that

imprisonment was warranted because of Appellant’s “willful noncompliance

and failure to report.” VOP Court Opinion, 1/5/23, at 7. The court continued:

     Appellant incurred numerous violations while on probation,
     including failed drug tests, exceeding the jurisdictional limitations
     of probation, and an especially prolonged period of absconding
     from his reporting responsibilities. Though these violations are
     technical in nature, they are sufficiently flagrant and indicate an
     inability to reform. As such, the [c]ourt was justified in its
     imposition of an incarceration sentence to vindicate [its]
     authority, as well as attend to Appellant’s rehabilitative needs,
     since he has shown himself unable to reform otherwise.

Id. at 10 (cleaned up).

     We discern no abuse of discretion. The VOP court’s accurate recitation

of Appellant’s numerous violations of his probation establishes that probation

has not proven to be an effective vehicle to accomplish his rehabilitation.

While on probation, Appellant tested positive for THC, was arrested for new

                                     -7-
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charges, failed to appear for court hearings, neglected to consistently report

to supervision, and even absconded from supervision for more than two years.

Appellant’s actions plainly demonstrate a “lack of willingness to comply with

. . . multiple court orders.” Commonwealth v. McAfee, 849 A.2d 270, 277

(Pa.Super. 2004).4        Accordingly, because of the number of Appellant’s

violations and his lack of compliance with court orders, the VOP court did not

abuse its discretion in determining that confinement was proper to “vindicate

the authority of the court.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(c). Therefore, Appellant is not

entitled to relief on this basis.

       We next turn to the second and third issues raised by Appellant, in which

he alleges that the VOP court abused its discretion by imposing an excessive

sentence.     Specifically, Appellant contends that the sentence violated the

norms underlying the sentencing process, was manifestly excessive, and the

court failed to consider his personal history, rehabilitative needs, or

background. See Appellant’s brief at 25, 28.

____________________________________________

4 For support of his claim, Appellant relies on Commonwealth v. Cottle, 426

A.2d 598 (Pa. 1981). In Cottle, our Supreme Court reversed a maximum
sentence of total confinement for a technical violation of probation. However,
unlike the High Court in Cottle, we cannot say that Appellant accomplished
“that which the probation was designed to achieve.” Id. at 601. Appellant’s
conduct and disregard for his probation orders far surpasses that of the
defendant in Cottle, as Appellant took no material steps toward following
court-ordered rehabilitation orders and absconded from supervision. We find
Appellant’s circumstances more akin to those in Commonwealth v. Finnecy,
135 A.3d 1028, 1038 (Pa.Super. 2016), (stating that Finnecy’s “repeated
misconduct and inability to reform” justified a vindication of the court’s
authority through incarceration).

                                           -8-
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       The VOP court was aware of the reasons that Appellant proffered for

why he should not be confined, such as the birth of his son and past trauma.

See N.T. VOP Sentencing, 9/19/22, at 16. Moreover, the court highlighted

how it had given Appellant a chance to reform in sentencing him to immediate

parole and probation in the 2018 case.           See id. at 14.    As the VOP court

stressed, Appellant did not report to probation for over two years and,

therefore, had not followed court orders in the past.             See id. at 14-15.

Appellant’s ongoing absence from reporting clearly demonstrated that

probation is “an ineffective vehicle to accomplish rehabilitation.” VOP Court

Opinion, 1/5/23, at 8 (cleaned up).5

       Consequently, for the foregoing reasons, Appellant’s sentence is not

violative of the Sentencing Code nor the fundamental norms underlying the

sentencing process.       Appellant has not shown that “that the [VOP] court

ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality,

prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.”

Commonwealth v. Antidormi, 84 A.3d 736, 760 (Pa.Super. 2014).

Therefore, he is entitled to no relief from this Court.

____________________________________________

5 Furthermore, the VOP court noted that it sentenced Appellant within the
statutory limits. See N.T. VOP Court Opinion, 1/5/23, at 8-9. Although
sentencing guidelines do not apply to sentences imposed as a result of
probation revocations, see Commonwealth v. Pasture, 107 A.3d 21, 27–
28 (Pa. 2014), we note that the sentence imposed on Appellant would have
fallen well within the sentencing guidelines. Thus, we cannot conclude that
such a sentence was an abuse of discretion under these circumstances.

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     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Date: 10/13/2023

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