Court Opinion

ID: 4447613
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-10-17 17:11:05.90116+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:44:57.805898
License: Public Domain

J-S43007-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellee                :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
    TOMAS MIGUELE MATTHEWS                     :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :       No. 224 MDA 2019

      Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 15, 2018
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County
             Criminal Division at No(s): CP-36-CR-0003987-2017

BEFORE:      GANTMAN, P.J.E., DUBOW, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.E.:                 FILED: OCTOBER 17, 2019

        Appellant, Tomas Miguele Matthews, appeals from the judgment of

sentence entered in the Lancaster County Court of Common Pleas, following

his jury trial convictions for two counts of unlawful restraint and one count

each of aggravated assault and simple assault.1 We affirm and grant counsel’s

petition to withdraw.

        The relevant facts and procedural history of this appeal are as follows.

On April 3, 2017, while incarcerated at Lancaster County Prison, Appellant

assaulted two inmates, Victims 1 and 2. Appellant followed Victims back to

their cell during blockout (prison free time) and closed the door behind him,

causing it to lock. Victim 2 heard the door close and turned around. Appellant

____________________________________________

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2902(a)(1), 2702(a)(1), and 2701(a)(1), respectively.
____________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S43007-19

punched Victim 2 in the eye. Appellant then began beating Victim 1. During

the assault, Victim 1 struck his head on a corner wall causing him to fall to

the ground.     Appellant continued to kick and punch Victim 1 until he was

rendered unconscious. Due to Appellant’s attack, Victim 1 suffered a brain

injury that resulted in internal bleeding. Victim 1 also suffered facial and skull

fractures, as well as severe bruising. Victim 2 suffered an eye injury and a

nosebleed.

        On August 28, 2018, a jury convicted Appellant of the offenses. With

the benefit of a presentence investigation (“PSI”) report, the court sentenced

Appellant on November 15, 2018, to an aggregate term of sixteen (16) to

thirty-two (32) years’ incarceration. On November 24, 2018, Appellant filed

a timely post-sentence motion, which the court denied on January 7, 2019.

Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal on February 6, 2019. On the same

day, the court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). In lieu of a concise

statement, counsel filed a Rule 1925(c)(4) statement on February 27, 2019,

of her intent to file an Anders2 brief. On June 17, 2019, counsel filed an

application to withdraw and an Anders brief in this Court.

        As a preliminary matter, counsel seeks to withdraw her representation

pursuant to Anders, supra and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 602 Pa. 159,

____________________________________________

2   Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967).

                                           -2-
J-S43007-19

978 A.2d 349 (2009). Anders and Santiago require counsel to: (1) petition

the Court for leave to withdraw, certifying that after a thorough review of the

record, counsel has concluded the issues to be raised are wholly frivolous; (2)

file a brief referring to anything in the record that might arguably support the

appeal; and (3) furnish a copy of the brief to the appellant and advise him of

his right to obtain new counsel or file a pro se brief to raise any additional

points the appellant deems worthy of review. Santiago, supra at 173-79,

978 A.2d at 358-61.      Substantial compliance with these requirements is

sufficient.   Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 934 A.2d 1287, 1290 (Pa.Super.

2007). After confirming that counsel has met the antecedent requirements to

withdraw, this Court makes an independent review of the record to confirm

that the appeal is wholly frivolous. Commonwealth v. Palm, 903 A.2d 1244,

1246 (Pa.Super. 2006). See also Commonwealth v. Dempster, 187 A.3d

266 (Pa.Super. 2018) (en banc).

      In Santiago, supra, our Supreme Court addressed the briefing

requirements where court-appointed appellate counsel seeks to withdraw

representation:

          Neither Anders nor [Commonwealth v. McClendon, 495
          Pa. 467, 434 A.2d 1185 (1981)] requires that counsel’s brief
          provide an argument of any sort, let alone the type of
          argument that counsel develops in a merits brief. To repeat,
          what the brief must provide under Anders are references
          to anything in the record that might arguably support the
          appeal.

                                  *    *    *

                                      -3-
J-S43007-19

         Under Anders, the right to counsel is vindicated by
         counsel’s examination and assessment of the record and
         counsel’s references to anything in the record that arguably
         supports the appeal.

Santiago, supra at 176, 177, 978 A.2d at 359, 360. Thus, the Court held:

         [I]n the Anders brief that accompanies court-appointed
         counsel’s petition to withdraw, counsel must: (1) provide a
         summary of the procedural history and facts, with citations
         to the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that
         counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set forth
         counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4)
         state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is
         frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
         record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that
         have led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.

Id. at 178-79, 978 A.2d at 361.

      Instantly, Appellant’s counsel has filed a petition to withdraw.      The

petition states counsel conducted a conscientious review of the record and

determined the appeal is wholly frivolous. Counsel also supplied Appellant

with a copy of the brief and a letter explaining Appellant’s right to retain new

counsel or to proceed pro se to raise any additional issues Appellant deems

worthy of this Court’s attention.   In the Anders brief, counsel provides a

summary of the facts and procedural history of the case. Counsel’s argument

refers to relevant law that might possibly support Appellant’s issues. Counsel

further states the reasons for the conclusion that the appeal is wholly

frivolous.   Therefore, counsel has substantially complied with the technical

requirements of Anders and Santiago.

      Appellant has not responded to the Anders brief pro se or with newly-

                                     -4-
J-S43007-19

retained private counsel. Counsel raises the following issue on Appellant’s

behalf:

          SHOULD APPELLATE COUNSEL BE GRANTED LEAVE TO
          WITHDRAW AS COUNSEL BECAUSE ANY APPELLATE ISSUES
          IN THE INSTANT CASE ARE FRIVOLOUS?

(Anders Brief at 5).

      Appellant initially argues that the evidence presented at trial was

insufficient to sustain his convictions for aggravated assault, simple assault,

and unlawful restraint. We disagree.

      When examining a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence:

          The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
          evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at
          trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there
          is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every
          element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In
          applying the above test, we may not weigh the evidence and
          substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In addition, we
          note that the facts and circumstances established by the
          Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of
          innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may
          be resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak
          and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of
          fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances. The
          Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every
          element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means
          of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying the
          above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all
          evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the
          trier of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses
          and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe
          all, part or none of the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011), appeal

denied, 613 Pa. 642, 32 A.3d 1275 (2011) (quoting Commonwealth v.

                                      -5-
J-S43007-19

Jones, 874 A.2d 108, 120-21 (Pa.Super. 2005)).

      The Pennsylvania Crimes Code defines aggravated assault, in relevant

part, as follows:

            § 2702. Aggravated assault

            (a) Offense defined.—A person is guilty of aggravated
            assault if he:

               (1) attempts to cause serious bodily injury to another,
               or causes such injury intentionally, knowingly or
               recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme
               indifference to the value of human life;

                                    *        *       *

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(1).        The Crimes Code defines simple assault, in

relevant part, as:

            § 2701. Simple Assault

            (a) Offense defined.—Except as provided under section
            2702 (relating to aggravated assault), a person is guilty of
            assault if he:

               (1) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or
               recklessly causes bodily injury to another;

                                        *        *       *

18 Pa.C.S.A § 2701(a)(1). Finally, unlawful restraint is defined, in relevant

part, as:

            § 2902. Unlawful restraint

            (a) Offense defined.—A person commits a misdemeanor
            of the first degree if he knowingly:

               (1) restrains another unlawfully in circumstances
               exposing him to risk of serious bodily injury;

                                            -6-
J-S43007-19

                                   *     *   *

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2902(a)(1).

      Instantly, the Commonwealth presented at trial, inter alia: (1)

testimony from both Victims describing how Appellant entered their cell,

locked the door, and assaulted them; (2) testimony from multiple Lancaster

County Prison corrections officers who responded to the medical emergency

at Victims’ cell, observed Appellant in the locked cell with blood dripping from

his hands, and discovered an unresponsive Victim 1 and an injured Victim 2;

(3) testimony from several Lancaster County Prison corrections officers that

Appellant admitted to beating Victim 1 and hitting Victim 2; (4) testimony

from Lancaster County Prison nurses concerning the extent of Victims’

injuries, and the lack of injury to Appellant; (5) testimony from Lancaster

County Prison volunteer minister, Reverend Charles Ray, concerning a letter

he received from Appellant in which Appellant confessed to assaulting two

men and almost killing one of them; and (6) testimony from neurosurgeon,

Dr. Pawel Ochalski, regarding Victim 1’s injuries and the life-saving surgery

required to drain the fluid gathering around Victim 1’s brain as a result.

Viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict-winner,

the evidence was sufficient to convict Appellant of aggravated assault, simple

assault, and unlawful restraint. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2702(a)(1), 2701(a)(1),

and 2902(a)(1); Hansley, supra.

      Appellant’s second, third, and fourth arguments implicate the trial

                                       -7-
J-S43007-19

court’s decision to admit certain evidence at trial.      “The admissibility of

evidence is at the discretion of the trial court and only a showing of an abuse

of that discretion, and resulting prejudice, constitutes reversible error.”

Commonwealth v. Ballard, 622 Pa. 177, 197-98, 80 A.3d 380, 392 (2013),

cert. denied, 573 U.S. 940, 134 S.Ct. 2842, 189 L.Ed.2d 824 (2014).

      The term “discretion” imports the exercise of judgment,
      wisdom and skill so as to reach a dispassionate conclusion,
      within the framework of the law, and is not exercised for the
      purpose of giving effect to the will of the judge. Discretion
      must be exercised on the foundation of reason, as opposed to
      prejudice, personal motivations, caprice or arbitrary actions.
      Discretion is abused when the course pursued represents not
      merely an error of judgment, but where the judgment is
      manifestly unreasonable or where the law is not applied or
      where the record shows that the action is a result of partiality,
      prejudice, bias or ill will.

Commonwealth v. Goldman, 70 A.3d 874, 878-79 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal

denied, 624 Pa. 672, 85 A.3d 482 (2014). “To constitute reversible error, an

evidentiary ruling must not only be erroneous, but also harmful or prejudicial

to the complaining party.”     Commonwealth v. Lopez, 57 A.3d 74, 81

(Pa.Super. 2012), appeal denied, 619 Pa. 678, 62 A.3d 379 (2013).

      In his second issue, Appellant argues the trial court should have barred

Sergeant Thomas Jenkins’ testimony regarding Appellant’s statement, “[he]

did what [he] had to do,” which he made in response to Sergeant Jenkins’

comment that Appellant would have avoided punishment if he had not gotten

into a fight. (N.T. Trial, 8/27/18, at 192.) Appellant asserts the trial court

improperly admitted the statement where Appellant had not received

                                     -8-
J-S43007-19

Miranda3 warnings prior to his conversation with Sergeant Jenkins.        We

disagree.

        The principles surrounding Miranda warnings are well settled:

          The prosecution may not use statements stemming from a
          custodial interrogation of a defendant unless it
          demonstrates that he was apprised of his right against self-
          incrimination and his right to counsel. Thus, Miranda
          warnings are necessary any time a defendant is subject to
          a custodial interrogation. …[T]he Miranda safeguards
          come into play whenever a person in custody is subjected
          to either express questioning or its functional equivalent.
          Moreover, in evaluating whether Miranda warnings were
          necessary, a court must consider the totality of the
          circumstances.

          In conducting the inquiry, [a court] must also keep in mind
          that not every statement made by an individual during a
          police encounter amounts to an interrogation. Volunteered
          or spontaneous utterances by an individual are admissible
          even without Miranda warnings.

Commonwealth v. Gaul, 590 Pa. 175, 180, 912 A.2d 252, 255 (2006), cert.

denied, 552 U.S. 939, 128 S.Ct. 43, 169 L.Ed.2d 242 (2007) (internal citations

and quotations marks omitted).

        Instantly, in response to Appellant’s complaints regarding solitary

blockout, Sergeant Jenkins told Appellant he could have avoided this

punishment by not getting into a fight. Appellant replied, “[He] did what [he]

had to do.” (See N.T. Trial, 8/27/18, at 192.) Appellant’s comment was made

in the course of a conversation initiated by Appellant’s complaints. Sergeant

____________________________________________

3   Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966).

                                           -9-
J-S43007-19

Jenkins’ response to the comment was not a question; it was a simple

statement of fact.     Though Appellant was in custody at the time of the

conversation, Sergeant Jenkins’ response was not intended to prompt an

incriminating response or constitute a form of custodial interrogation. See

Gaul, supra. Thus, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting

Appellant’s statement to Sergeant Jenkins. See Ballard, supra.

      In his third issue, Appellant contends the letter he sent from prison to

Reverend Ray, a volunteer minister who visited Appellant in prison,

constituted a confidential communication to clergy.         As a result, Appellant

maintains the trial court improperly admitted the letter as evidence at trial.

We disagree.

      Pennsylvania provides a number of statutory protections for confidential

communications between certain persons. See, e.g., 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5916

(attorney-client   privilege   in criminal     matters);   Section 5943   (clergy-

communicant privilege); Section 5944 (psychiatrist-patient privilege); Section

5945.1 (sexual assault counselor-victim privilege). The right to a statutory

privilege can be waived, however. See generally Commonwealth v. Davis,

543 Pa. 628, 674 A.2d 214 (1996) (holding victim and his family waived

absolute privilege afforded sexual assault counselor’s records by permitting

prosecution to have access to records); Commonwealth v. Santiago, 541

Pa. 188, 662 A.2d 610 (1995), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1053, 116 S.Ct. 722,

133 L.Ed.2d 674 (1996) (stating defendant waived psychiatrist-patient

                                      - 10 -
J-S43007-19

privilege by deciding to pursue insanity defense at trial). Additionally, this

Court has stated that an individual generally “has no constitutional right to

privacy in his non-privileged prison mail.” Commonwealth v. Moore, 928

A.2d 1092, 1102 (Pa.Super. 2007).

      The Pennsylvania statute protecting confidential information acquired by

members of the clergy provides:

         No clergyman, priest, rabbi or minister of the gospel of any
         regularly established church or religious organization,
         except clergymen or ministers, who are self-ordained or
         who are members of religious organizations in which
         members other than the leader thereof are deemed
         clergymen or ministers, who while in the course of his duties
         has acquired information from any person secretly and in
         confidence shall be compelled, or allowed without consent
         of such person, to disclose that information in any legal
         proceeding, trial or investigation before any government
         unit.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5943.     “Pennsylvania courts have interpreted our clergy-

communicant privilege as applying only to confidential communications

between a communicant and a member of the clergy in [the] role as confessor

or spiritual counselor.” Commonwealth v. Stewart, 547 Pa. 277, 283, 690

A.2d 195, 197-98 (1997) (internal emphasis omitted).

      Instantly, Appellant sent a letter to Reverend Ray while Appellant was

in Lancaster County Prison.      At trial, Lancaster County Prison Criminal

Investigator, Charles Stevens, authenticated a prison Property Receipt Form

that contained the following warning:

         [A]ll incoming and outgoing inmate mail is subject to
         inspection, examination and review at any time.    In

                                    - 11 -
J-S43007-19

         accordance with Pennsylvania law, inmates have no
         [expectation] of privacy in their mail, and the purpose of
         this notice is to advise inmates of such and to clarify that
         there is nothing in the policies or protocols of Lancaster
         County Prison that would create an expectation.

         The only exception is mail which is properly identified as
         legal correspondence between the inmate and his/her
         designated counsel.

(See N.T. Trial, 8/27/18, at 218-19.) Appellant’s signature appeared on the

bottom of the form, showing Appellant acknowledged he knew about the

prison mail inspection policy. Appellant was therefore aware that his letter to

Reverend Ray, which did not constitute legal correspondence, was subject to

possible review by prison officials and was no longer confidential.         By

voluntarily sending the letter through the prison mailing system anyway,

Appellant waived his clergy-communicant privilege. See generally Davis,

supra; Santiago, supra.       Absent any right to the privacy in his non-

privileged letter, we conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

admitting the letter as evidence. See Ballard, supra; Moore, supra.

      In his fourth issue, Appellant further alleges Victim 2’s statement to

prison officials at the scene of the assault, which was recorded on Sergeant

Jenkins’ body camera, was hearsay and was not subject to any hearsay

exception.    Appellant contends the trial court improperly admitted the

statement as evidence at trial. We disagree.

      Pennsylvania Rule of Evidence 613 governs prior consistent statements

as follows:

                                    - 12 -
J-S43007-19

         Rule 613. Witness’s Prior Inconsistent Statement to
         Impeach; Witness’s Prior Consistent Statement to
         Rehabilitate

                                  *     *      *

         (c) Witness’s Prior Consistent Statement to
         Rehabilitate. Evidence of a witness’s prior consistent
         statement is admissible to rehabilitate the witness’s
         credibility if the opposing party is given an opportunity to
         cross-examine the witness about the statement and the
         statement is offered to rebut an express or implied charge
         of:

         (1) fabrication, bias, improper influence or motive, or
         faulty memory and the statement was made before that
         which has been charged existed or arose; or

         (2) having made a prior inconsistent statement, which the
         witness has denied or explained, and the consistent
         statement supports the witness’ denial or explanation.

Pa.R.E. 613(c).

      Instantly, on Sergeant Jenkins’ body camera video, Victim 2 can be

heard saying that Appellant hit Victim 2 in the face when Appellant entered

Victim 2’s cell while Victim 2 was using the toilet.    Prior to trial, defense

counsel argued this statement was hearsay and was not subject to any

hearsay exception. The Commonwealth agreed not to introduce the evidence

of Victim 2’s video recorded statement unless defense counsel challenged

Victim 2’s credibility. On cross examination, defense counsel tested Victim 2’s

recollection of the assault, suggesting Victim 2 had told differing stories to

various prison officials, for example, Victim 2 told Officer Evan Marin that

Appellant punched Victim 2 while he was leaving the cell and Victim 2 told

                                      - 13 -
J-S43007-19

Sergeant Michael Hersh that Appellant punched Victim 2 while he was trying

to pull Appellant off of his cellmate, Victim 1. Victim 2 denied these differing

stories. Instead, Victim 2 repeatedly asserted that Appellant hit Victim 2 in

the face when he turned around while using the toilet in his prison cell. Later

in the trial, the Commonwealth introduced Victim 2’s video recorded

statement regarding the details of the assault, which matched his trial

testimony concerning how Appellant hit him as he turned around while using

the toilet in his cell. Defense counsel even agreed that the statement had

become relevant as a prior consistent statement. Thus, the Commonwealth

properly introduced Victim 2’s video recorded statement as a prior consistent

statement intended to rehabilitate Victim 2’s credibility. See Pa.R.E. 613(c).

The trial court, therefore, did not abuse its discretion in admitting the

statement as evidence at trial. See Ballard, supra.

      In his fifth issue, Appellant asserts the Commonwealth improperly

remarked on the credibility of witnesses during the Commonwealth’s closing

argument.      Appellant contends that, in doing so, the district attorney

committed prosecutorial misconduct. We disagree.

      “Our standard of review for a claim of prosecutorial misconduct is limited

to whether the trial court abused its discretion.” Commonwealth v. Harris,

884 A.2d 920, 927 (Pa.Super. 2005), appeal denied, 593 Pa. 726, 928 A.2d

1289 (2007).

         In considering this claim, our attention is focused on
         whether the defendant was deprived of a fair trial, not a

                                     - 14 -
J-S43007-19

           perfect one.

           Not every unwise remark on a prosecutor’s part constitutes
           reversible error. Indeed, the test is a relatively stringent
           one. Generally speaking, a prosecutor’s comments do not
           constitute reversible error unless the unavoidable effect of
           such comments would be to prejudice the jury, forming in
           their minds fixed bias and hostility toward [the defendant]
           so that they could not weigh the evidence objectively and
           render a true verdict. Prosecutorial misconduct, however,
           will not be found where comments…were only oratorical
           flair.  In order to evaluate whether comments were
           improper, we must look to the context in which they were
           made. Finally, when a trial court finds that a prosecutor’s
           comments were inappropriate, they may be appropriately
           cured by a cautionary instruction to the jury.

Id. at 927.     “[A] new trial is required only when a prosecutor’s improper

remarks are prejudicial, i.e., when they are of such a nature or delivered in

such a manner that they may reasonably be said to have deprived the

defendant of a fair and impartial trial.” Commonwealth v. Davis, 554 A.2d

104, 111 (Pa.Super. 1989), appeal denied, 524 Pa. 617, 571 A.2d 380 (1989).

      “A prosecutor has great discretion during closing argument. Indeed,

closing ‘argument’ is just that: argument.” Commonwealth v. Brown, 911

A.2d 576, 580 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal denied, 591 Pa. 722, 920 A.2d 830

(2007). “[T]he prosecutor may fairly respond to points made in the defense

closing.    Moreover, prosecutorial misconduct will not be found where

comments were based on the evidence or proper inferences therefrom….”

Commonwealth v. Hogentogler, 53 A.3d 866, 878 (Pa.Super. 2012),

appeal denied, 620 Pa. 720, 69 A.3d 600 (2013).

      Instantly, defense counsel’s closing argument challenged Victim 2’s

                                      - 15 -
J-S43007-19

credibility and argued that Appellant was credible. The prosecutor responded

to defense counsel’s argument as follows:

         And I’d suggest to you when you go back there and you
         weigh the credibility of the witness, and [Appellant] had no
         obligation to testify, but because he did, you can weigh his
         credibility equally as everybody else. And I suggest to you
         when you go back there and weigh those, that [Victim 1]
         and [Victim 2] are credible, [Appellant] is not.

(See N.T. Trial, 8/27/18, at 351.)           Defense counsel objected to the

prosecutor’s comments and requested a mistrial, which the court denied.

Here, in closing, defense counsel had attacked Victim 2’s credibility and

vouched for Appellant’s credibility, thereby opening the door for the

prosecutor to comment on Appellant’s credibility. The prosecutor’s comments

constituted fair response to defense counsel’s closing argument.          See

Hogentogler, supra.      Thus, Appellant’s claim of prosecutorial misconduct

warrants no relief. See Harris, supra.

      Appellant next claims that his 2010 kidnapping conviction in Arizona

does not qualify as a previous “crime of violence” under 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9714.

As a result, Appellant concludes the trial court erred when it deemed Appellant

a “second-strike” offender subject to a mandatory minimum sentence of ten

(10) years for his current aggravated assault conviction. We disagree.

      Collateral estoppel, also known as issue preclusion, is embodied in the

Fifth Amendment’s guarantee against double jeopardy. Commonwealth v.

Tolbert, 670 A.2d 1172, 1178 (Pa.Super. 1995), appeal denied, 548 Pa. 617,

693 A.2d 588 (1997), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 891, 118 S.Ct. 230, 139 L.Ed.2d

                                    - 16 -
J-S43007-19

162 (1997). “[W]hen an issue of ultimate fact has once been determined by

a valid and final judgement, that issue cannot again be litigated between the

same parties in any future court proceeding.” Id. While collateral estoppel

does not automatically bar a subsequent prosecution,             it “does bar

redetermination in a second prosecution of those issues necessarily

determined between the parties in a first proceeding that has become a final

judgment.” Commonwealth v. States, 595 Pa. 453, 458, 938 A.2d 1016,

1020 (2007). Traditionally,

         Pennsylvania courts have applied the collateral estoppel
         doctrine only if the following threshold requirements are
         met: 1) the issues in the two actions are sufficiently similar
         and sufficiently material to justify invoking the doctrine; 2)
         the issue was actually litigated in the first action; and 3)
         final judgment on the specific issue in question was issued
         in the first action. An issue is actually litigated when it is
         properly raised, submitted for determination, and then
         actually determined. For collateral estoppel purposes, a
         final judgment includes any prior adjudication of an issue in
         another action that is sufficiently firm to be accorded
         conclusive effect.

Commonwealth v. Holder, 569 Pa. 474, 479, 805 A.2d 499, 502-03 (2002)

(internal citations omitted).

      Instantly, Appellant was convicted of kidnapping in Arizona in 2010. On

January 27, 2017, Appellant was convicted in Lancaster County of, inter alia,

aggravated assault and rape at Docket No. 3836-2015. Based on Appellant’s

prior conviction for kidnapping in Arizona, the court determined Appellant was

a second-strike offender pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9714. Consequently, the

court sentenced Appellant on August 4, 2017, to the ten-year mandatory

                                     - 17 -
J-S43007-19

minimum sentences for his aggravated assault and rape convictions. In his

appeal from his 2017 judgment of sentence, Appellant questioned whether

the elements of the Arizona kidnapping statute were sufficiently comparable

to the elements of the Pennsylvania kidnapping statute in order for his Arizona

kidnapping conviction to constitute a previous crime of violence under Section

9714. The Superior Court affirmed the trial court’s decision on August 22,

2018, and adopted the trial court’s thorough analysis including the court’s

determination that the kidnapping statutes were sufficiently similar.      Our

Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal on February 13, 2019.

      Here, Appellant was convicted of aggravated assault. Because Appellant

committed the current offense before his sentencing for rape and aggravated

assault at Docket No. 3836-2015, the court in the present case again

sentenced Appellant as a second-strike offender under Section 9714 to a ten-

year mandatory minimum sentence. As he did in his 2017 appeal, Appellant

now attempts to argue that the Arizona kidnapping statute was not similar

enough to the Pennsylvania kidnapping statute for his 2010 Arizona

kidnapping conviction to count as a prior crime of violence under Section 9714.

This exact question, however, has already been finally determined in

Appellant’s previous appeal. Thus, Appellant is precluded from relitigating it

now. See id.; Tolbert, supra.

      Finally, Appellant contends the sentence was an abuse of discretion

because the court sentenced Appellant (1) beyond the aggravated range for

                                    - 18 -
J-S43007-19

unlawful restraint, (2) to consecutive sentences for each offense, and (3) to a

sentence that runs consecutively to the sentence imposed on August 4, 2017

at Docket No. 3836-2015.            As presented, Appellant challenges the

discretionary aspects of his sentence. See Commonwealth v. Austin, 66

A.3d 798, 808 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal denied, 621 Pa. 692, 77 A.3d 1258

(2013) (considering challenge to imposition of consecutive sentences as claim

involving discretionary aspects of sentencing); Commonwealth v. Dunphy,

20 A.3d 1215 (Pa.Super. 2011) (stating claim that sentencing court failed to

offer adequate reasons to support sentence challenges discretionary aspects

of sentencing).

         Challenges to the discretionary aspects of sentencing do not entitle an

appellant to an appeal as of right. Commonwealth v. Sierra, 752 A.2d 910

(Pa.Super. 2000). Prior to reaching the merits of a discretionary sentencing

issue:

           [W]e conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether
           appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P.
           902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved
           at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify
           sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; (3) whether appellant’s
           brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether
           there is a substantial question that the sentence appealed
           from is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42
           Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).

Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal

denied, 589 Pa. 727, 909 A.2d 303 (2006) (internal citations omitted).

         When appealing the discretionary aspects of a sentence, an appellant

                                      - 19 -
J-S43007-19

must invoke the appellate court’s jurisdiction by including in his brief a

separate concise statement demonstrating that there is a substantial question

as to the appropriateness of the sentence under the Sentencing Code.

Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 571 Pa. 419, 812 A.2d 617 (2002); Pa.R.A.P.

2119(f). “The requirement that an appellant separately set forth the reasons

relied upon for allowance of appeal furthers the purpose evident in the

Sentencing Code as a whole of limiting any challenges to the trial court’s

evaluation of the multitude of factors impinging on the sentencing decision to

exceptional cases.”      Commonwealth v. Phillips, 946 A.2d 103, 112

(Pa.Super. 2008), appeal denied, 600 Pa. 745, 964 A.2d 895 (2009), cert.

denied, 556 U.S. 1264, 129 S.Ct. 2450, 174 L.Ed.2d 240 (2009) (quoting

Commonwealth v. Williams, 562 A.2d 1385, 1387 (Pa.Super. 1989) (en

banc)) (emphasis in original) (internal quotation marks omitted).

      “The determination of what constitutes a substantial question must be

evaluated on a case-by-case basis.”      Commonwealth v. Anderson, 830

A.2d 1013, 1018 (Pa.Super. 2003). A substantial question exists “only when

the appellant advances a colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s

actions were either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing

Code; or (2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the sentencing

process.” Sierra, supra at 913 (quoting Commonwealth v. Brown, 741

A.2d 726, 735 (Pa.Super. 1999) (en banc), appeal denied, 567 Pa. 755, 790

A.2d 1013 (2001)).       “A claim that the sentencing court imposed an

                                     - 20 -
J-S43007-19

unreasonable sentence by sentencing outside the guideline ranges raises a

‘substantial question’ which is reviewable on appeal.”     Commonwealth v.

Davis, 737 A.2d 792 (Pa.Super. 1999). Additionally,

         Pennsylvania law affords the sentencing court discretion to
         impose [a] sentence concurrently or consecutively to other
         sentences being imposed at the same time or to sentences
         already imposed. Any challenge to the exercise of this
         discretion does not raise a substantial question. In fact, this
         Court has recognized the imposition of consecutive, rather
         than concurrent, sentences may raise a substantial question
         in only the most extreme circumstances, such as where the
         aggregate sentence is unduly harsh, considering the nature
         of the crimes and the length of imprisonment.

Austin, supra at 808 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).

      Instantly, Appellant properly preserved his discretionary aspects of

sentencing claim in his post-sentence motion.       Additionally, the failure of

Appellant’s counsel to include a Rule 2119(f) statement is not fatal to our

review of Appellant’s discretionary aspects of sentencing issue.            See

Commonwealth v. Ziegler, 112 A.3d 656, 661 (Pa.Super. 2015) (explaining

failure to include Rule 2119(f) statement in Anders brief does not preclude

review of discretionary aspects of sentencing claim, even if Commonwealth

objects, because we still have “to examine the merits of the appeal to

determine if it is ‘wholly frivolous’ so as to permit counsel’s withdrawal”). See

also Commonwealth v. Lilley, 978 A.2d 995, 998 (Pa.Super. 2009) (noting

Anders situation allows review of issues otherwise waived on appeal due to

defective Rule 2119(f) statement).            As presented, Appellant’s claim

concerning a sentence beyond the aggravated range for unlawful restraint

                                     - 21 -
J-S43007-19

appears to raise a substantial question. See Davis, supra.

      Our standard of review concerning the discretionary aspects of

sentencing is as follows:

         Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
         sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on
         appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this
         context, an abuse of discretion is not shown merely by an
         error in judgment. Rather, the appellant must establish, by
         reference to the record, that the sentencing court ignored
         or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of
         partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly
         unreasonable decision.

Commonwealth v. Hyland, 875 A.2d 1175, 1184 (Pa.Super. 2005), appeal

denied, 586 Pa. 723, 890 A.2d 1057 (2005).

      Pursuant to Section 9721(b), “the court shall follow the general principle

that the sentence imposed should call for confinement that is consistent with

the protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it relates to the

impact on the life of the victim and on the community, and the rehabilitative

needs of the defendant.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b). “[T]he court shall make as

part of the record, and disclose in open court at the time of sentencing, a

statement of the reason or reasons for the sentence imposed.”                  Id.

Nevertheless, “[a] sentencing court need not undertake a lengthy discourse

for its reasons for imposing a sentence or specifically reference the statute in

question….” Commonwealth v. Crump, 995 A.2d 1280, 1283 (Pa.Super.

2010), appeal denied, 608 Pa. 661, 13 A.3d 475 (2010). Rather, the record

as a whole must reflect the sentencing court’s consideration of the facts of the

                                       - 22 -
J-S43007-19

case and the defendant’s character. Id. “In particular, the court should refer

to the defendant’s prior criminal record, his age, personal characteristics and

his potential for rehabilitation.” Commonwealth v. Griffin, 804 A.2d 1, 10

(Pa.Super. 2002), appeal denied, 582 Pa. 671, 868 A.2d 1198 (2005), cert

denied, 545 U.S. 1148, 125 S.Ct. 2984, 162 L.Ed.2d 902 (2005).

      Instantly, the court had the benefit of a PSI report at sentencing.

Therefore, we can presume the court considered the relevant factors when

sentencing Appellant.     See Commonwealth v. Tirado, 870 A.2d 362

(Pa.Super. 2005) (stating where sentencing court had benefit of PSI, law

presumes court was aware of and weighed relevant information regarding

defendant’s character and mitigating factors).     The court also thoroughly

explained its finding of aggravating circumstances as follows:

         The [c]ourt would note that even if the mandatory 10-year
         sentence was not applicable, there are aggravating
         circumstances in this case which would warrant a sentence
         above the standard range of the sentencing guidelines on
         the charges of aggravated assault and unlawful restraint.

         The [c]ourt would cite as aggravating circumstances, first,
         the brutality of this vicious attack by [Appellant]; the fact
         that it occurred in a prison facility while [Appellant] was
         awaiting sentence after being convicted of other crimes of
         violence; the sentencing guidelines in this case do not
         adequately reflect [Appellant’s] prior crimes of violence,
         because this assault occurred while [Appellant] was
         incarcerated awaiting sentence after being convicted of
         rape, aggravated assault and other related offenses on
         Docket 3836 of 2015. Because [Appellant] had not yet been
         sentenced on those crimes, those offenses are not reflected
         on the sentencing guidelines.

         Additionally,   because   [Appellant]   had   not   yet   been

                                     - 23 -
J-S43007-19

           sentenced, the prior rape conviction does not qualify as a
           second strike. But if [Appellant] had been sentenced on that
           docket prior to this incident, he would be looking at a
           mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years in jail for a third
           strike.

           Additionally, [Appellant] is an extreme danger to society.
           And the intent of this sentence is to incarcerate [Appellant]
           for the longest period of time possible to ensure he is not
           released into society where he will no doubt commit another
           crime of violence against an innocent victim.

(See N.T. Sentencing Hearing, 11/15/18, at 24-25.) The record supports the

court’s reasoning.    Therefore, Appellant’s sentencing challenge fails.   See

Hyland, supra.

     Thus, Appellant is not entitled to relief on any of the grounds asserted.

Following an independent review of the record, we agree with counsel that the

appeal is wholly frivolous. See Dempster, supra. Accordingly, we affirm

the judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.

     Judgment of sentence affirmed; counsel’s petition to withdraw is

granted.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 10/17/2019

                                      - 24 -