Court Opinion

ID: 4166303
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-05-04 19:17:45.463614+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:37:48.937655
License: Public Domain

J-S27034-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                       PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

CALVIN ATKERSON,

                            Appellant                No. 1861 EDA 2015

              Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence June 8, 2015
              in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
               Criminal Division at Nos.: CP-51-CR-0012812-2011
                            CP-51-CR-0012813-2011
                            CP-51-CR-0012814-2011

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., OTT, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.:                                   FILED MAY 04, 2017

        Appellant, Calvin Atkerson, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered following his jury conviction for first-degree murder, carrying a

firearm without a license, possessing an instrument of a crime, attempted

murder, recklessly endangering another person, and possession with intent

to deliver a controlled substance.1 We affirm.

        We take the relevant facts and procedural history of this case from our

review of the certified record and the trial court’s February 24, 2016 opinion.

On September 9, 2011, Appellant was walking down Fairhill Street in
____________________________________________

*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2502, 6106(a)(1), 907(a), 901(a), and 2705; 35 P.S. §
780-113(a)(30), respectively.
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Philadelphia, when he encountered Jasper Washington. Appellant asked Mr.

Washington what he was looking at. (See N.T. Trial, 6/03/15, at 68). Mr.

Washington responded “[y]ou got it; you got it[,]” which he explained meant

“I don’t want no problems.”      (Id. at 68, 71).    After Appellant and Mr.

Washington had a brief argument, Appellant walked away and told Mr.

Washington that he would be back. (See id. at 68).

      When Appellant returned a few minutes later, Mr. Washington was

standing outside his mother’s house. Appellant pulled out a gun and aimed

it at him, misfiring once, and then firing eleven bullets in his direction. Mr.

Washington hid behind a nearby car while Appellant was shooting, and

Claudette Faulkner Johnson, Mr. Washington’s mother, observed the

shooting from her front porch.     (See id. at 21-25, 79-80).      One of the

bullets that Appellant fired struck James Hall, who had been sitting on a

nearby stoop reading a magazine. When police arrived, they rushed Mr. Hall

to the hospital; however, he died soon thereafter as a result of the gunshot

wound. (See N.T. Trial, 6/04/15, at 33, 35).

      After the shooting, Appellant fled and hid in his friend Jorge Santiago’s

house at 2449 Fairhill Street.   (See N.T. Trial, 6/02/15, at 96-97).    Upon

arriving at Mr. Santiago’s house, Appellant told him that he had gotten into

an argument where a “dude threatened his son’s life,” so he pulled out the

gun and shot him to make an example of him. (Id. at 114; see id. at 118-

19, 154). Appellant hid the gun and his clothing in Mr. Santiago’s basement.

(See id. at 123-24).

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      Police arrived on the scene soon thereafter and were told that the

shooter, Appellant, was inside 2449 Fairhill Street. (See N.T. Trial, 6/03/15,

at 116). They obtained a search warrant for the house, and found Appellant

inside. In a search incident to arrest, officers recovered thirty dollars from

Appellant’s pockets, as well as 9.463 grams of crack cocaine. (See id. at

150-51; N.T. Trial, 6/04/15, at 12).       A further search of the residence

revealed a bag containing a t-shirt and a 9-millimeter gun, which matched

the eleven fired cartridge casings recovered from the scene. (See N.T. Trial,

6/02/15, at 66, 172-73; N.T. Trial, 6/04/15, at 81, 83).

      Appellant’s grandmother and cousin testified for the defense, claiming

that Mr. Washington had thrown a brick through the front window of their

house two days before the shooting. (See N.T. Trial, 6/05/15, at 8-9, 16).

Appellant also called his uncle, Eric Wilson, who testified that he was present

when Appellant and Mr. Washington had argued earlier in the day and that

Mr. Washington had threatened Appellant.

      Appellant also took the stand to testify on his own behalf; however,

soon after taking the stand, Appellant started to offer his personal opinion

on the case and stated: “These racist jurors got their mind made up. . . .

The DA, the jurors, they don’t like me. They winking at the D.A.” (Id. at

36). The court sustained the Commonwealth’s objection and took the jury

out of the courtroom.        Defense counsel requested a mental health

examination for his client, which the court denied, explaining that it

considered Appellant’s outburst a planned tactic.       (See id. at 38-39).

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Appellant explained that he did not want to continue testifying.     He then

asked the court for a non-jury trial, which the court also denied, noting that

the Commonwealth had not agreed to Appellant’s earlier request for a non-

jury trial. (See id. at 42-43). The court denied Appellant’s request for a

mistrial. (See id. at 46).

       On June 8, 2015, a jury convicted Appellant on all counts.     On the

same date, the court sentenced Appellant to a mandatory term of life

imprisonment on the first-degree murder charge, and imposed consecutive

sentences of imprisonment of not less than ten nor more than twenty years

for attempted murder, and not less than five nor more than ten years for

possession with intent to deliver. Appellant did not file any post-sentence

motions. This timely appeal followed.2

       Appellant raises four issues on appeal:

       I. [Whether] the evidence presented was inconsistent [sic] to
       sustain a conviction[?]

       II. [Whether] the weight of the evidence presented was not
       sufficient to support the Appellant’s conviction[?]

       III. [Whether] the court erred in failing to grant [Appellant’s]
       motion for a mistrial[?]

       IV. [Whether] the court erred in failing to grant the defense
       counsel’s request for a mental health examination[?]

____________________________________________

2
 Appellant filed a notice of appeal on June 19, 2015. Pursuant to the court’s
order, he filed a timely statement of errors complained of on appeal on
December 30, 2015. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). The trial court entered its
opinion on February 24, 2016. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).

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(Appellant’s Brief, at 6) (most capitalization omitted).

      In his first issue, Appellant purports to challenge the sufficiency of the

evidence to support his conviction. (See id. at 10-12). However, he has

waived this claim.

      In order to preserve a challenge to the sufficiency of the
      evidence on appeal, an appellant’s Rule 1925(b) statement must
      state with specificity the element or elements upon which the
      appellant alleges that the evidence was insufficient.      Such
      specificity is of particular importance in cases where, as here,
      the appellant was convicted of multiple crimes each of which
      contains numerous elements that the Commonwealth must
      prove beyond a reasonable doubt. . . .

Commonwealth v. Garland, 63 A.3d 339, 344 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citations

and quotation marks omitted).

      Here, Appellant’s concise statement of errors complained of on appeal

merely states: “The evidence was insufficient to sustain a conviction on any

of the charges.”     (See Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal

Pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), 12/30/15).        Appellant’s statement of the

questions involved is equally vague. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 6). Appellant

fails to specify the crimes and element or elements for which he alleges the

evidence was insufficient. Thus, we conclude Appellant has waived his first

issue. See Garland, supra at 344.

      Moreover, we observe that even if Appellant had not waived his

sufficiency claim, his argument that “witness statements were inconsistent,

unreliable and failed to prove [his] participation in the alleged crime[,]”

challenges the credibility of the witnesses. (Appellant’s Brief, at 10) (most

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capitalization omitted).    Such argument concerning witnesses’ credibility

goes   to   the   weight   of   the   evidence,   not   the   sufficiency.    See

Commonwealth v. Griffin, 65 A.3d 932, 939 (Pa. Super. 2013), appeal

denied, 76 A.3d 538 (Pa. 2013) (“[A]rgument [concerning] the credibility of

the witness’s testimony, [] is . . . not an attack on the sufficiency of the

evidence, but an allegation regarding the weight it should have been

afforded.”) (citation omitted). Therefore, Appellant’s sufficiency claim would

fail even if he did not waive it.

       In his second question on appeal, Appellant claims that the verdict was

against the weight of the evidence.          (See Appellant’s Brief, at 12-13).

Appellant has not preserved his argument, thus it is waived.

       “[A] weight of the evidence claim must be preserved either in a post-

sentence motion, by a written motion before sentencing, or orally prior to

sentencing. [See] Pa.R.Crim.P. 607. Failure to properly preserve the claim

will result in waiver, even if the trial court addresses the issue in its opinion.”

Griffin, supra at 938 (case citations omitted). Here, Appellant did not raise

a weight of the evidence claim in a post-sentence motion, nor did he address

the issue via motion or orally prior to sentencing. Consequently, his claim

related to the weight of the evidence is waived.

       In his third issue, Appellant claims that the trial court erred when it

denied his request for a mistrial.         (See Appellant’s Brief, at 13-14).

Specifically, he argues that the jury was so prejudiced after he referred to

them as “these racist jurors” that the court’s instruction for them to ignore

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his outburst could not rectify the prejudicial effect of his remarks, and the

jury could no longer render a fair and impartial verdict. (Id. at 14) (quoting

N.T. Trial, 6/05/15, at 36). We disagree.

            A motion for a mistrial is within the discretion of the trial
      court. [A] mistrial [upon motion of one of the parties] is
      required only when an incident is of such a nature that its
      unavoidable effect is to deprive the appellant of a fair and
      impartial trial.  It is within the trial court’s discretion to
      determine whether a defendant was prejudiced by the incident
      that is the basis of a motion for a mistrial. On appeal, our
      standard of review is whether the trial court abused that
      discretion.

Commonwealth v. Tejeda, 834 A.2d 619, 623 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citations

and quotation marks omitted). We have held that “the trial court will not be

found to have abused its discretion unless the record discloses that the

judgment exercised by the trial court was manifestly unreasonable, or the

result of partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will.”   Id. (citation omitted); see

also Commonwealth v. Marinelli, 690 A.2d 203, 219 (Pa. 1997), cert.

denied, 523 U.S. 1024 (1998) (concluding that trial court did not abuse its

discretion in denying motion for mistrial where appellant’s outburst did not

deny him fair trial).

      Here, the trial court explained its reason for denying Appellant’s

motion for a mistrial as follows:

            [The trial] court is firmly of the belief that it correctly
      denied [Appellant’s] request for a mistrial. [It] finds no merit to
      this assignment of error, as the alleged prejudicial event (the
      comments about the “racist” jury were delivered by [Appellant]
      himself from the witness stand) was clearly a planned tactic on
      [Appellant’s] part utilized to abort the trial. Furthermore, [the

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      trial] court instructed the jury to ignore [Appellant’s] ourburst as
      well as not to hold against [Appellant] the fact that he ended up
      not testifying in his own defense.

           [The trial] court, therefore, is satisfied that [Appellant] was
      not denied his right to a fair and impartial trial, and that the
      extreme remedy of a mistrial was not warranted. No relief is
      due.

(Trial Court Opinion, 2/24/16, at 45).

      Our review of the record supports the trial court’s ruling.        At the

beginning of Appellant’s testimony, the trial court cautioned him that he was

not permitted to offer his personal opinions. Thereafter, when he made the

statement about racist jurors, the trial court directed that he be taken out of

the courtroom. As he was leaving, Appellant shouted, “[the jury] heard it

already.   They heard it already.”   (N.T. Trial, 6/05/15, at 37).    Upon his

return, he requested a bench trial (which had been denied prior to trial), and

a mistrial; the court denied both requests. (See id. at 42-43, 46). When

the jury returned to the courtroom, the court gave the following instruction:

      Ladies and gentlemen, I just have to caution you to totally
      ignore the outburst by [Appellant]. Pay it absolutely no mind.
      Please, in no way hold it against him. I have stricken what he
      said from the record, and as I told you at the outset, when
      anything is stricken from the record, you are to ignore it
      completely. . . .

(Id. at 47). We agree with the trial court that a mistrial was unwarranted,

and conclude that it did not abuse its discretion in denying Appellant’s

request.   See Marinelli, supra at 219; Tejada, supra at 623; see also

Commonwealth v. Laird, 988 A.2d 618, 629 (Pa. 2010) (“[A]bsent

evidence to the contrary, the jury is presumed to have followed the trial

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court’s instructions[.]”) (citation omitted). Appellant’s third issue does not

merit relief.

      In his final issue, Appellant claims that because his ability to

participate and assist in his own defense was hindered, the trial court erred

when it denied his request for a mental health examination.               (See

Appellant’s Brief, at 14-15). He argues that his “mental state was clearly at

issue when he made a damaging outburst in front of the jury. In fact, his

outburst insulted the jury.” (Id. at 15). We disagree.

      Initially, we note that Appellant does not claim specifically that he was

incompetent—that he was unable to cooperate with counsel and participate

in his own trial.   Rather, he argues that a mental health examination was

necessary to determine his competency. (See id. at 14-15). We review a

trial court’s denial of a request to order a competency examination for an

abuse of discretion. See Commonwealth v. Mayer, 685 A.2d 571, 572 n.1

(Pa. Super. 1996); see also 50 P.S. § 7402(d) (providing that court “may

order an incompetency examination”).

      Here, Appellant’s counsel requested a mental health examination after

Appellant’s outburst.   Counsel stated, “I think my client needs a mental

health exam, because after talking to him in between here and the last time

I talked to you, he tells me, I can do anything I want.” (N.T. Trial, 6/05/15,

at 38-39). The court denied counsel’s request, explaining that it thought the

outburst was a planned tactic on Appellant’s part.     (See id. at 39).    The

court explained that, based on its observations, Appellant had the ability to

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cooperate with counsel and participate in the proceedings.        (See Trial Ct.

Op., at 48).

          Upon careful review, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its

discretion in denying counsel’s request for a mental health examination.

See Mayer, supra at 572 n.1.           Appellant’s fourth issue does not merit

relief.

          Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/4/2017

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