Court Opinion

ID: 4235655
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-01-10 17:24:15.537596+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:42:44.163212
License: Public Domain

J-S75028-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: S.P.Z.             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
APPEAL OF: E.K., NATURAL MOTHER        :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :   No. 1043 WDA 2017

                     Appeal from the Order June 16, 2017
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Lawrence County
              Orphans' Court at No(s): 20034 of 2016, O.C.-A.,
                                3 of 2013 DP

IN THE INTEREST OF: S.A.Z.             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
APPEAL OF: E.K., NATURAL MOTHER        :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :   No. 1044 WDA 2017

                  Appeal from the Order June 16, 2017
           In the Court of Common Pleas of Lawrence County
          Orphans' Court at No(s): No. 20033 of 2016 O.C.-A.,
                       No. 4 of 2013 DP Juv. Div.

IN THE INTEREST OF: K.R.Z.             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
APPEAL OF: E.K., NATURAL MOTHER        :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :   No. 1045 WDA 2017

              Appeal from the Order Entered June 16, 2017
           In the Court of Common Pleas of Lawrence County
        Orphans' Court at No(s): 5 of 2013 DP/ No. 20036 of 201
J-S75028-17

    IN THE INTEREST OF: K.E.Z.                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: E.K., NATURAL MOTHER            :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 1046 WDA 2017

                      Appeal from the Order June 16, 2017
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Lawrence County
                Orphans' Court at No(s): 20035 of 2016 O.C.-A,
                                 6 OF 2013 DP

BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., OTT, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.:                                FILED JANUARY 10, 2018

        E.K. (“Mother”) appeals from the orders entered on June 16, 2017,

changing the placement goals and involuntarily terminating her parental

rights with respect to her son, S.P.Z., born in September of 2009, and her

daughters, S.A.Z., born in April of 2008; K.R.Z., born in March of 2006; and

K.E.Z., born in April of 2005 (collectively, “the Children”). 1    Upon careful

review, we affirm.2

____________________________________________

1
 The subject orders also involuntarily terminated the parental rights of the
Children’s father, J.Z. (“Father”). Father did not file notices of appeal.
2
  During the subject proceedings, the Children were represented by the
Guardian ad litem, Deborah Shaw, Esquire, and by legal counsel, Adrienne
Langer, Esquire. Ms. Schaw and Ms. Langer filed separate appellee briefs to
this Court in support of the goal change and involuntary termination orders.

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       In its opinion that accompanied the subject orders, the orphans’ court

set forth the factual and procedural history of this case, which the

testimonial and documentary evidence supports.           As such, we adopt it

herein. See Trial Court Opinion, 6/16/17, at 1-12.

       On December 22, 2016, Lawrence County Children and Youth Services

(“CYS”) filed petitions to change the Children’s placement goal from

reunification to adoption.          CYS simultaneously filed petitions for the

involuntary termination of Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. §

2511(a)(8) and (b).

       On April 25, 2017, the first day of the hearing, CYS presented the

testimony of its caseworker, Kayla Gould.         Mother testified on her own

behalf.   On May 5, 2017, the second day of the hearing, Ms. Langer, the

Children’s legal counsel, presented the testimony of the three female

children, who, along with their brother, S.P.Z., reside in separate foster

homes.3     K.E.Z., then age twelve, testified that she does not want to see

Mother or speak to her. N.T., 5/5/17, at 9-10. She testified that she “really

didn’t like” receiving letters from Mother. Id. at 18. She testified that she is

happy and feels safe in her current foster home. Id. at 8. When asked on

direct examination whether she would prefer to be adopted or to live with

____________________________________________

3
  S.P.Z. was seven years old at the time of the hearing. In her appellee
brief, Ms. Langer stated that S.P.Z. did not testify because of his “age and
emotional maturity.” Children’s brief at 8, n. 1.

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her siblings, K.E.Z. testified, “Probably . . . adopted, so I do not start fights

with my siblings.”      Id. at 19.     She acknowledged that it is difficult to be

around her siblings all the time.4 Id. K.R.Z., then age eleven, testified, “I

do not want to live with my mom. I just want to be adopted.” Id. at 25.

S.A.Z., then age nine, testified that she would not feel safe if she returned to

Mother’s custody. Id. at 31. She testified that she “would feel fine” if she

never again received cards, letters, or gifts from Mother. Id. at 32. S.A.Z.

testified that she wishes to be adopted. Id.

       By separate orders dated June 15, 2017, and entered on June 16,

2017, the orphans’ court granted CYS’s request to change the Children’s

placement goals5 and to involuntarily terminate Mother’s parental rights.

Mother timely filed notices of appeal and concise statements of errors

complained of on appeal, which this Court consolidated sua sponte.

       On appeal, Mother presents the following issues for our review:

       1. Whether the [orphans’] court erred or committed an abuse of
       discretion when it found that [CYS] had proven by clear and
       convincing evidence that grounds for termination existed?

____________________________________________

4
 Ms. Gould testified that the Children initially were placed with their paternal
grandparents. She testified that they were placed in therapy and then in
separate foster homes because they were acting out with each other, both
physically and sexually. N.T., 4/25/17, Vol. I, at 70-71.
5
  By orders entered on June 22, 2017, the court amended the goal change
orders with respect to K.E.Z. and K.R.Z. for the sole purpose of correcting
the docket numbers.

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      2. Whether the [orphans’] court erred when it found that the
      termination of parental rights was in the best interest of the
      minor children?

      3. Whether the [orphans’] court erred or committed an abuse of
      discretion when it granted [CYS’s] motion for a goal change?

      4. Whether the [orphans’] court erred when it found that a goal
      change was in the best interests of the minor children?

Mother’s brief at 6.

      We first consider Mother’s issues relating to the goal change orders,

which we review for an abuse of discretion. In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179, 1190

(Pa. 2010).   Section 6351(f) of the Juvenile Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 6301-6375,

provides as follows, in relevant part.

      (f) Matters to be determined at permanency hearing.—

      At each permanency hearing, a court shall determine all of the
      following:

      (1) The continuing necessity for and appropriateness of the
      placement.

      (2) The appropriateness, feasibility and extent of compliance
      with the permanency plan developed for the child.

      (3) The extent of progress made toward alleviating the
      circumstances which necessitated the original placement.

      (4) The appropriateness and feasibility of the current placement
      goal for the child.

      (5) The likely date by which the placement goal for the child
      might be achieved.

      (5.1) Whether reasonable efforts were made to finalize the
      permanency plan in effect.

      (6) Whether the child is safe.

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                                        ...

      (9) If the child has been in placement for at least 15 of the last
      22 months . . . whether the county agency has filed or sought
      to join a petition to terminate parental rights and to identify,
      recruit, process and approve a qualified family to adopt the child.
      ...

42 Pa.C.S. § 6351(f)(1)-(6), (9). “These statutory mandates clearly place

the trial court’s focus on the best interests of the child.”      In re S.B., 943
A.2d 973, 978 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation omitted). “Safety, permanency,

and   well-being   of   the   child   must    take   precedence   over   all   other

considerations.” Id. (citation omitted) (emphasis in original). Moreover, the

burden is on the child welfare agency “to prove the change in goal would be

in the child’s best interest.” In re D.P., 972 A.2d 1221, 1227 (Pa. Super.

2009).

      In her third and fourth issues on appeal, Mother asserts that the court

abused its discretion in changing the Children’s placement goals to adoption.

However, Mother does not support her assertion by legal argument or

citation to relevant legal authority.        Therefore, Mother has waived these

issues. See In re W.H., 25 A.3d 330, 339 n.3 (Pa. Super. 2011) (stating

that issues are waived if appellate brief fails to provide meaningful

discussion with citation to relevant authority); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2119(b).

      Even if Mother’s third and fourth issues were not waived, we would

conclude that they are without merit. Mother claims that the court abused

its discretion in changing the Children’s placement goals because the CYS

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caseworker, Ms. Gould, testified that a bond existed between Mother and the

Children. The court concluded that a bond no longer exists between Mother

and the Children and explained as follows.

     [Ms.] Gould testified that during the earlier period of time in
     which [Mother] was visiting with the children, there was
     evidence that a bond existed between [Mother] and the children.
     However, at the time of the hearings, over a year had gone by
     since [Mother] had seen the children. Although [Mother] sent
     cards and letters to the children, as time passed, the two oldest
     children rejected [Mother’s] correspondence.       Most tellingly,
     K.E.Z., now 12 years old; K.R.Z., now 11 years old; and S.A.Z.,
     now 9 years old, testified at the hearing that they did not want
     to return to the care of their mother, expressing their desire to
     remain with the foster parents.       Although some bond with
     [Mother] might have existed at an earlier point during
     placement, at the time of the hearings, any bond had dissipated.

Trial Court Opinion, 6/16/17, at 19 (citations to record omitted).         The

testimonial evidence supports the court’s findings. With respect to Mother’s

son, S.P.Z., who did not testify, he was seven years old at the time of the

hearing.   The record reveals that he was three years old at the time of

placement. Therefore, he had spent the majority of his life in foster care.

There is no testimonial evidence of a bond between him and Mother.          In

addition, Ms. Gould testified that the Children continue to suffer from trauma

arising from the physical abuse inflicted upon them by Mother.            N.T.,

4/25/17, Vol. I, at 69; Trial Court Opinion, 6/16/17, at 3-4. The Children

receive ongoing counseling and therapy for their trauma. N.T., 4/25/17, at

69-73.

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      Further, Ms. Gould testified that Mother failed to satisfy her Family

Service    Plan   (“FSP”)   goals   requiring   her     to     comply      with   the

recommendations of the psychological and psychiatric evaluations; complete

the Time Limited Family Reunification program; maintain consistent visits

with the Children and demonstrate appropriate parenting skills; and

maintain a safe and stable home environment for the Children. Trial Court

Opinion,   6/16/17,   at    9-12.    As    such,   the       testimonial    evidence

overwhelmingly supports the goal change orders as being in the Children’s

best interests.

      In her first and second issues on appeal, Mother argues that the record

evidence does not support the involuntary termination of her parental rights

pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8) and (b).          Specifically, Mother claims

that the conditions that led to the Children’s placement no longer exist.

Mother acknowledges that the Children desire adoption.              However, she

speculates that the Children “had other influences over the last several years

that may not have encouraged a healthy relationship between herself and

her children.” Mother’s brief at 21. Mother baldly asserts that the orphans’

court erred in terminating her parental rights pursuant to Section 2511(b)

because it disregarded the “other influences” affecting her relationship with

the Children.

      We consider Mother’s issues according to the following standard.

      The standard of review in termination of parental rights cases
      requires appellate courts to accept the findings of fact and

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      credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported
      by the record. If the factual findings are supported, appellate
      courts review to determine if the trial court made an error of law
      or abused its discretion. A decision may be reversed for an
      abuse of discretion only upon demonstration of manifest
      unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will. The trial
      court’s decision, however, should not be reversed merely
      because the record would support a different result. We have
      previously emphasized our deference to trial courts that often
      have first-hand observations of the parties spanning multiple
      hearings.

In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa. 2013) (citations and quotation marks

omitted).

      Termination of parental rights is governed by Section 2511 of the

Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 2101-2938, which requires a bifurcated

analysis.

      Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party
      seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing
      evidence that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory
      grounds for termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if
      the court determines that the parent’s conduct warrants
      termination of his or her parental rights does the court engage in
      the second part of the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b):
      determination of the needs and welfare of the child under the
      standard of best interests of the child. One major aspect of the
      needs and welfare analysis concerns the nature and status of the
      emotional bond between parent and child, with close attention
      paid to the effect on the child of permanently severing any such
      bond.

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).

      In this case, the relevant provisions of Section 2511 are as follows.

      (a) General Rule.—The rights of a parent in regard to a child
      may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
      grounds:

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                                     ...

         (8)    The child has been removed from the care of the
         parent by the court or under a voluntary agreement with
         an agency, 12 months or more have elapsed from the
         date of removal or placement, the conditions which led to
         the removal or placement of the child continue to exist
         and termination of parental rights would best serve the
         needs and welfare of the child.
                                  ...

      (b) Other considerations.―The court in terminating the rights
      of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
      developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
      child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on
      the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing,
      furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be
      beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition
      filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall
      not consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions
      described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the
      giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8), (b).

     “Section 2511(a)(8) sets a 12-month time frame for a parent to

remedy the conditions that led to the children’s removal by the court.” In

re A.R., 837 A.2d 560, 564 (Pa. Super. 2003). Once the 12-month period

has been established, the court must next determine whether the conditions

that led to the child’s removal continue to exist, despite the reasonable good

faith efforts of CYS supplied over a realistic time period. Id. Termination

under Section 2511(a)(8) does not require the court to evaluate a parent’s

current willingness or ability to remedy the conditions that initially caused

placement or the availability or efficacy of CYS services. In re Adoption of

T.B.B., 835 A.2d 387, 396 (Pa. Super. 2003); In re Adoption of M.E.P.,

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825 A.2d 1266, 1275-76 (Pa. Super. 2003).        The “relevant inquiry in this

regard is whether the conditions that led to removal have been remedied

and thus whether reunification of parent and child is imminent at the time of

the hearing.” In re I.J., 972 A.2d 5, 11 (Pa. Super. 2009).

      With respect to the “needs and welfare” analysis pertinent to Sections

2511(a)(8) and (b), we have observed:

      [I]nitially, the focus in terminating parental rights is on the
      parent, under Section 2511(a), whereas the focus in Section
      2511(b) is on the child. However, Section 2511(a)(8) explicitly
      requires an evaluation of the “needs and welfare of the child”
      prior to proceeding to Section 2511(b), which focuses on the
      “developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of
      the child.”     Thus, the analysis under Section 2511(a)(8)
      accounts for the needs of the child in addition to the behavior of
      the parent. Moreover, only if a court determines that the
      parent’s conduct warrants termination of his or her parental
      rights, pursuant to Section 2511(a), does a court “engage in the
      second part of the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b):
      determination of the needs and welfare of the child under the
      standard of best interests of the child.” Accordingly, while both
      Section 2511(a)(8) and Section 2511(b) direct us to evaluate
      the “needs and welfare of the child,” we are required to resolve
      the analysis relative to Section 2511(a)(8), prior to addressing
      the “needs and welfare” of [the child], as proscribed by Section
      2511(b); as such, they are distinct in that we must address
      Section 2511(a) before reaching Section 2511(b).

In re Adoption of C.L.G., 956 A.2d 999, 1009 (Pa. Super. 2008) (en banc)

(citations omitted).

      With respect     to   Section 2511(b),   this   Court has   stated   that,

“[i]ntangibles such as love, comfort, security, and stability are involved in

the inquiry into the needs and welfare of the child.” In re C.M.S., 884 A.2d
1284, 1287 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citation omitted).       Further, the trial court

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“must also discern the nature and status of the parent-child bond, with

utmost attention to the effect on the child of permanently severing that

bond.”   Id. (citation omitted).   However, “[i]n cases where there is no

evidence of any bond between the parent and child, it is reasonable to infer

that no bond exists. The extent of any bond analysis, therefore, necessarily

depends on the circumstances of the particular case.”      In re K.Z.S., 946
A.2d 753, 762-763 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation omitted).

      Instantly, we discern no abuse of discretion by the court in terminating

Mother’s parental rights pursuant to Section 2511(a)(8).     The court found

that the Children have been in placement since January of 2013, far in

excess of the statutory minimum. The court found that the conditions that

led to the Children’s removal and placement continue to exist. Trial Court

Opinion, 6/16/17, at 15-17. Importantly, the court found that the Children

“could not now safely be reunited with” Mother. Id. at 17. In addition, the

court found that terminating Mother’s parental rights would best serve the

needs and welfare of the Children. Specifically, the court stated:

      The three oldest children testified that they do not to desire a
      return to their mother, and prefer to remain with foster parents.
      All of the children are progressing in foster care. The three
      oldest children appeared to be progressing more rapidly in foster
      care with counseling, while the youngest child, S.P.Z., although
      showing progress, still exhibits mental and behavioral issues that
      require more intensive therapy. The children are in need of
      permanence, a stable home life and the certainty afforded by the
      expectation of long[-]term residence with possible adoption.

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Id. at 18. Upon thorough review, the termination of Mother’s parental rights

pursuant to Section 2511(a)(8) is supported by clear and convincing

evidence. See In re I.J., 972 A.2d 5, 11-12 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citations

omitted) (stating, “a child’s life cannot be held in abeyance while the parent

is   unable     to    perform   the   actions    necessary to   assume   parenting

responsibilities”).

      Likewise, the record supports the termination of Mother’s parental

rights pursuant to Section 2511(b).         As discussed above, the testimonial

evidence supports the court’s finding that, although a bond may have

existed between Mother and the Children at an earlier time after their

adjudication, that bond “had dissipated” by the time of the hearing.          The

court stated:

      The children have been in foster care for over four years. Each
      of the children has experienced a severe trauma, and each has
      demonstrated serious behavioral issues that have required
      extensive therapy and counseling. That need for treatment and
      counseling has been, and continues to be, met by the foster
      homes. . . . Although the behaviors exhibited by the children
      have necessitated placement in separate foster homes, the
      children enjoy regular visits together.

Id. at 20. We discern no abuse of discretion.           Accordingly, we affirm the

orders terminating Mother’s parental rights.

      Orders affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

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Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/10/2018

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