Court Opinion

ID: 9456864
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-04 20:04:32.463703+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:35:07.565582
License: Public Domain

JAMES M. CARTER, Circuit Judge
(concurring).
In United States v. Scott (in banc 1970) 9 Cir., 425 F.2d 55, we held that Leary v. United States (1969) 395 U.S. 6, 89 S.Ct. 1532, 23 L.Ed.2d 57, was fully retroactive. If the decision in Scott is correct, then I would have no problem with the opinion in this case.
However, Leary, for its holding on self incrimination, relied on Marchetti v. United States, 390 U.S. 39, 88 S.Ct. 697, 19 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968); Grosso v. United States, 390 U.S. 62, 88 S.Ct. 709, 19 L.Ed.2d 906 (1968); and Haynes v. United States, 390 U.S. 85, 88 S.Ct. 722, 19 L.Ed.2d 923 (1968). On April 5, 1971, the Supreme Court decided Mackey v. United States, 401 U.S. 667, 91 S.Ct. 1160, 28 L.Ed.2d 404, holding that Mar-chetti and Grosso were not retroactive and were to be applied only to prosecutions begun after the date they were announced. Thus the underpinning for our decision in Scott, as to the retroactive effect of Leary, seems to have been cut away.
In our case the defendant was sentenced on May 16, 1968, one year prior to Leary which came down on May 19, 1969. If Leary is not to be retroactive then we should also affirm counts IV, V, VIII and IX as well as the remaining counts.
However, since the defendant has five concurrent sentences to serve on the remaining counts, I concur in the majority opinion.