Court Opinion

ID: 3179614
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-02-23 19:27:13.377768+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:18:35.505741
License: Public Domain

J-S13012-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                        IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                          PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

ROBERT REAGAN

                            Appellant                    No. 529 WDA 2015

             Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence March 12, 2015
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-11-CR-0002403-2013

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., STABILE, J., and FITZGERALD, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                          FILED FEBRUARY 23, 2016

        Robert Reagan appeals from the judgment of sentence entered in the

Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County after a jury convicted him of one

count each of delivery of a controlled substance1 and possession of a

controlled substance.2 Upon careful review, we affirm.

        The trial court set forth the facts of this case as follows:

        On January 17, 2012, the Cambria County Drug Task Force
        executed a controlled buy after receiving information that
        [Reagan] illegally distributed bath salts. An undercover police
        officer, Detective Lia DeMarco, and an undercover police
        informant testified regarding their participation in the controlled
____________________________________________

*
    Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
    35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30).
2
    35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(16).
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      buy. The informant testified he called [Reagan] to arrange a
      deal to buy bath salts for $150.00. Detective DeMarco drove the
      informant to meet [Reagan] at his home and then to a pull-off to
      purchase the bath salts. At the pull-off, the informant and
      [Reagan] exchanged cash for two vials, which were submitted
      into evidence without objection.

      At trial, Detective Kevin Price, Drug Task Force Field Supervisor,
      testified that a controlled buy includes photocopying the official
      funds to be used; strip searching the informant before and after
      the buy; activating a video device on the informant; and
      conducting surveillance of the buy. Detective Price confirmed
      that the Drug Task Force properly implemented these techniques
      during the controlled buy from [Reagan].

      Douglas Samber, a forensic scientist for the Pennsylvania State
      Police Greensburg Regional Laboratory, testified as an expert in
      laboratory analysis, laboratory procedures, and analysis of
      controlled substances. Mr. Samber tested the contents of the
      vials purchased from [Reagan] and concluded they contained
      Pyrovalerone, a Schedule V controlled substance.

Trial Court Opinion, 5/18/15, at 1-2 (internal citations to record and footnote

omitted).

      On January 21, 2014, the Commonwealth filed an information in which

it alleged that Reagan possessed and delivered “Bath Salts, a Schedule I

Controlled   Substance.”     Information,   1/21/14.      Just   prior   to   the

commencement of jury selection on October 2, 2014, the Commonwealth

moved for a continuance to enable it to amend its information to properly

classify the drug involved – pyrovalerone – as a Class V controlled

substance.    The court granted the continuance and the information was

amended to reflect the proper classification of the drug, which the

Commonwealth continued to refer to as “bath salts.”

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      A jury trial was held on December 11 and 12, 2014. At the conclusion

of the Commonwealth’s case, Reagan moved for judgment of acquittal,

arguing that the Commonwealth did not prove he possessed or delivered

“bath salts.”   The motion was denied and Reagan was found guilty of the

above offenses. On March 12, 2015, the court sentenced Reagan to 6 to 12

months’ imprisonment, to run consecutively to another sentence he is

currently serving.    Reagan filed a timely notice of appeal, followed by a

court-ordered concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant

to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).     On appeal, Reagan asserts that the Commonwealth

failed to present sufficient evidence to convict him of possession and delivery

of “bath salts,” as alleged in the information, where the actual substance

contained pyrovalerone.

      As a general matter, our standard of review of sufficiency claims
      requires that we evaluate the record in the light most favorable
      to the verdict winner giving the prosecution the benefit of all
      reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence. Evidence
      will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict when it
      establishes each material element of the crime charged and the
      commission thereof by the accused, beyond a reasonable doubt.
      Nevertheless, the Commonwealth need not establish guilt to a
      mathematical certainty. The facts and circumstances established
      by the Commonwealth need not be absolutely incompatible with
      the defendant’s innocence. Any doubt about the defendant’s
      guilt is to be resolved by the fact finder unless the evidence is so
      weak and inconclusive that, as a matter of law, no probability of
      fact can be drawn from the combined circumstances.

Commonwealth v. Mauz, 122 A.3d 1039, 1040-41 (Pa. Super. 2015)

(citation omitted).

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      The purpose of an information is to provide the accused with sufficient

notice to prepare a defense, and to ensure that he will not be tried twice for

the same act. Commonwealth v. Alston, 651 A.2d 1092, 1095 (Pa. 1994)

(citations omitted). An information is sufficient if it sets forth the elements

of the offense intended to be charged with sufficient detail that the

defendant is apprised of what he must be prepared to meet, and may plead

double jeopardy in a future prosecution based on the same set of events.

Id.

      At an earlier stage of legal development, indictments were strictly and

technically construed, and the slightest imprecision in wording was often

considered incurable error. Commonwealth v. Pope, 317 A.2d 887, 890

(Pa. 1974).    Today, however, such arguments are unpersuasive.            Id.

Indictments must be read in a common-sense manner, and are not to be

construed in an overly technical sense. Id.

      Here, Reagan concedes that he had sufficient notice of the crimes of

which he was accused. Instead, he asserts that “the Commonwealth did not

prove what it had set out to prove in its information.” Brief of Appellant, at

17.   Reagan claims that the Commonwealth did not present sufficient

evidence to prove that “bath salts” is the street name for pyrovalerone, the

drug he sold to the informant.

      In Commonwealth v. Kelly, 409 A.2d 21 (Pa. 1979), our Supreme

Court was presented with the defendant’s claim that judgment should have

been arrested because the complaint charged that he was in possession of

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heroin, but the proof at trial showed the controlled substance to have been

methamphetamines.       The Court rejected the argument, concluding that

“[v]ariations between allegations and proof at trial are not fatal unless a

defendant could be misled at trial, prejudicially surprised in efforts to

prepare a defense, precluded from anticipating the prosecution’s proof, or

otherwise impaired with respect to a substantial right.” Id. at 23.

      In his brief, Reagan acknowledges that “Kelly appears to remain good

law, as the Supreme Court has cited to both cases in addressing claims by

defendants that are based on variances in proof.” Brief of Appellant, at 20.

However, Reagan cites the age of the case, as well as the fact that this

Court has not applied it to a drug case in over thirty years, and essentially

asks us to disregard its holding.

      In support of his claim, Reagan also cites to the decision of the U.S.

Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in United States v. Tucker, 703 F.3d
205 (3d Cir. 2012).       There, the Third Circuit addressed whether the

defendant’s previous Pennsylvania conviction for possession with intent to

deliver qualified as a “serious drug offense” under the Armed Career

Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. § 924(e) (“ACCA”). However, Tucker is not only not

binding on this Court, but also inapposite.    Specifically, Tucker does not

concern itself with the propriety of the underlying state conviction, i.e.,

whether the Commonwealth’s evidence was sufficient to convict him of the

state charges.    Indeed, the Third Circuit did not hold that Tucker was

improperly convicted under Pennsylvania law. Rather, it concluded only that

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Tucker’s Pennsylvania convictions did not satisfy the requirements necessary

for the imposition of an enhanced sentence under the ACCA. Accordingly,

Tucker provides no guidance here.

      The amended information charged Reagan with possessing and

distributing a Schedule V controlled substance. Although that substance was

described by the street name “bath salts,” we find that the amended

information provided Reagan with adequate notice of the charges against

him to enable him to prepare his defense.      Alston, supra; Kelly, supra.

Moreover, the evidence adduced at trial was sufficient to enable the jury to

infer that the street name for pyrovalerone in Cambria County is “bath

salts.” See Mauz, supra (in sufficiency claim, prosecution receives benefit

of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from evidence adduced at trial).

Specifically, Detective DeMarco testified that the informant spoke with

Reagan and made arrangements to buy a drug called “blizzard,” which she

testified is also known locally as “bath salts.” N.T. Trial, 12/11/14, at 29-30.

In addition, the informant, Donald Forshey, testified that after speaking with

Reagan on the telephone, he understood he would be purchasing bath salts

and that it would cost a total of $150. See id. at 76. Forshey further stated

that he met Reagan in Reagan’s garage and discussed obtaining bath salts.

Id. at 78. Based on this testimony, it is clear that Reagan understood that

Forshey wanted to purchase bath salts and provided him with the drug

known by that name. Accordingly, Reagan is entitled to no relief.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/23/2016

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