Court Opinion

ID: 4160554
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-04-14 20:01:25.926239+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:23:37.141350
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 14 2017
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ANTHONY J. DELEVIN, AKA Gabriel of              No.    15-16765
Urantia; et al.,                                       16-15850

                Plaintiffs-Appellants,          D.C. No. 4:12-cv-00118-FRZ

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM *
TED HOLTEEN; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Arizona
                    Frank R. Zapata, District Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted April 6, 2017
                              Pasadena, California

Before: McKEOWN and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges, and QUIST,** District
Judge.

      Anthony Delevin, Daniel Steinhardt, and Stacy Luther-Myszka are members

of an Arizona-based music band, and Shannon Plyler is the band’s publicist

(collectively, “the band”). After Plyler received an email from Ted Holteen, an

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
            The Honorable Gordon J. Quist, United States District Judge for the
Western District of Michigan, sitting by designation.
editor at The Durango Herald, the band sued Holteen and the newspaper for

intentional infliction of emotional distress (“IIED”). The band appeals the

dismissal of its IIED claim and the award of attorney’s fees. We review de novo

an order granting a motion to dismiss and for abuse of discretion the dismissal of

claims with prejudice. Ebner v. Fresh, Inc., 838 F.3d 958, 962–63 (9th Cir. 2016).

A district court’s choice-of-law decision is also reviewed de novo. Schoenberg v.

Exportadora de Sal, S.A. de C.V., 930 F.2d 777, 782 (9th Cir. 1991). We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      Under Colorado law, IIED liability results “only where the conduct has been

so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible

bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a

civilized community.” Rugg v. McCarty, 476 P.2d 753, 756 (Colo. 1970) (citation

omitted). “In determining whether a plaintiff has alleged behavior that is

outrageous as a matter of law, the trial court must analyze the totality of the

defendant’s conduct.” Han Ye Lee v. Colo. Times, Inc., 222 P.3d 957, 963 (Colo.

App. 2009).

      Holteen’s conduct was not “outrageous” as a matter of law. Although the

email may have been upsetting, insulting, and in poor taste, that would not be

enough under Colorado law. Pearson v. Kancilia, 70 P.3d 594, 597 (Colo. App.

2003) (“Mere insults, indignities, [and] threats . . . are insufficient.”). The solitary

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email, even considering the surrounding circumstances, was not “so outrageous in

character” nor “so extreme in degree” as to be “utterly intolerable in a civilized

community.” Rugg, 476 P.2d at 756. And even if we were to reach the band’s

“position of power” argument, which was not raised below, it would not alter our

conclusion. The alleged relationship and authority are not of the kind that

Colorado courts would consider legally relevant. See Pearson, 70 P.3d at 598;

Restatement (Second) of Torts § 46 cmt. e (1965).

      The band next claims that dismissal with prejudice was improper. A district

court must grant leave to amend “only . . . if a complaint can possibly be saved.”

Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1129 (9th Cir. 2000). Although courts should grant

leave freely, “that liberality does not apply when amendment would be futile.”

Ebner, 838 F.3d at 968. The band did not seek leave to amend in the district court

and it still offers no adequate basis for amendment on appeal. Because the

deficiencies in the band’s complaint “could not possibly be cured by the allegation

of other facts,” the district court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing with

prejudice. See Cook, Perkiss & Liehe, Inc. v. N. Cal. Collection Serv. Inc., 911

F.2d 242, 247 (9th Cir. 1990) (per curiam).

      Finally, the band argues that Colorado law should not govern the issue of

attorney’s fees. “In a diversity case, the district court must apply the choice-of-law

rules of the state in which it sits.” Abogados v. AT&T, Inc., 223 F.3d 932, 934 (9th

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Cir. 2000). Arizona follows the Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws (1971)

to determine which state’s law is applicable. Bates v. Superior Court, 749 P.2d

1367, 1369 (Ariz. 1988). Under the Restatement, as applied by Arizona’s courts,

the state having the most significant relationship to the parties and the claims—i.e.,

the state whose substantive law provides the rule of decision on the validity of the

claim—determines whether one of the parties is entitled to attorney’s fees. See

Aries v. Palmer Johnson, Inc., 735 P.2d 1373, 1380 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1987).

Because Colorado law governed the underlying merits of the band’s tort claims,

Colorado law also governs the entitlement to attorney’s fees, which are mandatory

because the claims were dismissed before trial. See Colo. Rev. Stat. § 13-17-201.

      AFFIRMED.

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