Court Opinion

ID: 4562404
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-09-02 20:00:29.643225+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:46:24.789707
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                               FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
                                                                                SEP 2 2020
                                                                           MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                             U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
MIGUEL HILARIO MARCOS                            No.    18-72063
VICENTE,
                                                 Agency No. A208-604-288
              Petitioner,

 v.                                              MEMORANDUM*

WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

              Respondent.

                      On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                           Board of Immigration Appeals

                            Submitted August 31, 2020**

Before: HAWKINS, GRABER, and CLIFTON, Circuit Judges.

      Miguel Hilario Marcos Vicente, a native and citizen of Guatemala, petitions

for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ order dismissing his appeal from

an immigration judge’s decision denying his application for asylum, withholding

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture. We review for

substantial evidence the agency’s factual findings, Garcia-Milian v. Holder, 755
F.3d 1026, 1031 (9th Cir. 2014), and we review questions of law de novo, Guo v.

Sessions, 897 F.3d 1208, 1212 (9th Cir. 2018). We deny the petition for review.

      Marcos fails to challenge, and therefore waives, the agency’s denial of CAT

relief. See Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072, 1079–80 (9th Cir. 2013)

(issues not specifically raised and argued in a party’s opening brief are waived).

      The BIA did not err in declining to consider Marcos’s arguments concerning

a claim based on his Mayan heritage or an unidentified particular social group,

theories that were raised for the first time to the BIA. Honcharov v. Barr, 924 F.3d
1293, 1297 (9th Cir. 2019) (per curiam) (BIA did not err in declining to consider

argument raised for the first time on appeal); In Re J-Y-C-, 24 I. & N. Dec. 260,

261 n.1 (BIA 2007) (issues not raised to the IJ are not properly before the BIA on

appeal).

      As to asylum and withholding of removal, substantial evidence supports the

agency’s determination that Marcos failed to establish that the threats, extortion,

and physical harm he suffered were on account of his political opinion or

membership in a particular social group.

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      The IJ denied the application on the ground that the persecution he suffered

was not on account of his political opinion. Although the IJ found that Marcos had

testified credibly that he was a member of the UNE political party, that he had been

asked to join a rival political party by men wearing uniforms and had refused, and

that he was later extorted and attacked by masked men wearing the same uniforms,

the IJ found that he had not established that the extortion and attack were

connected to the earlier recruitment attempts.

      The IJ was not compelled to accept Marcos’s inference that, because the

unidentified uniforms were the same in both encounters, he was targeted due to his

UNE involvement or his failure to join the rival political party. Several months had

elapsed between the day he attended the rally and the extortion, and his abusers

never mentioned his involvement with the UNE. In addition, the IJ noted that at

least two of Marcos’s friends who were UNE members remained in Guatemala

without any evidence of harm.

      The Supreme Court has held that being targeted because of resistance to

recruitment, even forced recruitment, does not necessarily constitute persecution

on account of a political opinion. I.N.S. v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 482

(1992) (“Thus, the mere existence of a generalized ‘political’ motive underlying . .

. forced recruitment is inadequate to establish . . . the proposition that Elias-

                                            3
Zacarias fears persecution on account of political opinion.”) (emphasis omitted)).

Neither does fear of criminal misconduct nor resistance to extortion constitute an

enumerated ground for relief.

      Accordingly, the IJ’s denial of asylum and withholding of removal was

supported by substantial evidence.

      PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.

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