Court Opinion

ID: 4340928
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-14 08:48:52.672918+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:48:50.503437
License: Public Domain

T.C. Memo. 2017-241

                         UNITED STATES TAX COURT

                     CREDEX, INC., Petitioner v.
           COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent

      Docket No. 13736-12L.                         Filed December 5, 2017.

      Robert E. Kovacevich, for petitioner.

      Fred Edward Green, Jr., and Ric D. Hulshoff, for respondent.

                           MEMORANDUM OPINION

      FOLEY, Judge: The issues for decision are whether respondent’s Appeals

officer abused his discretion in sustaining a levy notice regarding petitioner’s

Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax liabilities relating to the periods

ending March 31 and June 30, 1996; March 31, June 30, September 30, and

December 31, 1997; June 30, September 30, and December 31, 1998; and March
                                        -2-

[*2] 31, 1999 (periods in issue), and whether petitioner is entitled to challenge the

underlying liability. The parties submitted this case fully stipulated pursuant to

Rule 122.1

                                    Background

      On February 12, 2008, respondent issued petitioner, a subchapter C

corporation, a notice of determination of worker classification relating to the June

30, 1995, through March 31, 1999, tax periods.2 In the notice respondent

determined that Robert E. Kovacevich was petitioner’s employee for Federal

employment tax purposes and that petitioner was not entitled to relief pursuant to

section 530 of the Revenue Act of 1978. On April 28, 2008, petitioner timely filed

a petition with the Court relating to the notice of determination of worker

classification. W. Mgmt., Inc. v. Commissioner, T.C. Dkt. No. 9745-08 (filed

Apr. 28, 2008). The Court, on June 11, 2009, filed two stipulations of settled

issues in which the parties resolved the issues raised in the notice of determination

of worker classification and agreed that respondent would credit $195,708 to

      1
      Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to the Internal
Revenue Code in effect at all relevant times, and all Rule references are to the Tax
Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.
      2
       Petitioner’s name was Western Management, Inc., when the notice was
issued. Petitioner changed its name to Credex, Inc., sometime thereafter.
                                         -3-

[*3] petitioner’s 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 income tax withholding.3 On

August 25, 2009, the Court granted respondent’s motion for entry of decision and

entered a decision in accordance with the parties’ stipulations. Shortly thereafter,

petitioner appealed the Tax Court’s decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the

Ninth Circuit, and respondent assessed the taxes and additions to tax reflected in

the decision. Respondent did not, however, take into account the $195,708 of

stipulated income tax withholding.

      As the parties awaited the Court of Appeals’ ruling, respondent issued

petitioner, on February 25, 2011, a levy notice relating to petitioner’s FICA tax

liabilities for the periods in issue. On March 15, 2011, petitioner filed a timely

request for a collection due process (CDP) hearing in which it alleged, among

other things, that respondent had failed to take into account the stipulated credits.

      On June 20, 2011, the Court of Appeals affirmed the Tax Court’s decision.

W. Mgmt., Inc. v. Commissioner, 438 F. App’x 619 (9th Cir. 2011). In its opinion

the court recounted respondent’s assurance that “any credits due to * * *

[petitioner] will be administratively applied to * * * [its] tax accounts after the

[Tax Court’s] [d]ecision becomes final.” Id. at 621.

      3
       Respondent agreed to credit $34,860 relating to 1995, $45,316 relating to
1996, $51,132 relating to 1997, $51,625 relating to 1998, and $12,775 relating to
1999.
                                        -4-

[*4] During petitioner’s CDP Hearing, Appeals Officer Charles Duff failed to

consider the stipulated credits. On May 7, 2012 (i.e., after the Tax Court’s

decision became final), he issued a notice of determination sustaining the levy

notice. Petitioner, whose principal place of business was Spokane, Washington,

timely filed a petition with the Court on May 30, 2012. The Court, on October 1,

2014, remanded petitioner’s case to allow an Appeals officer’s consideration of

“any credits, specifically credits for income tax withholding, to which [p]etitioner

may be entitled.” Steve Lerner, the Appeals officer assigned to the remand,

determined that petitioner was entitled to $195,708 of credits but applied only

$125,084 to petitioner’s accounts.4 On April 16, 2015, Appeals Officer Lerner

issued petitioner a supplemental notice of determination that again sustained the

levy notice.

                                     Discussion

      Petitioner had a prior opportunity to dispute his FICA taxes and thus cannot

challenge the underlying liability. See sec. 6330(c)(2)(B); Baltic v.

Commissioner, 129 T.C. 178, 183 (2007); sec. 301.6330-1(e)(3) Q&A-E2, Proced.

      4
       Appeals Officer Lerner credited $11,620 to the March 31, 1996, period;
$11,232 to each of the June 30, 1996, and March 31, 1997, periods; $13,300 to
each of the June 30, September 30, and December 31, 1997, periods; and $12,775
to each of the June 30, September 30, and December 31, 1998, and March 31,
1999, periods.
                                         -5-

[*5] & Admin. Regs. We must therefore ascertain whether Appeals Officer Lerner

abused his discretion. See sec. 6330(c); Pough v. Commissioner, 135 T.C. 344,

351 (2010); Giamelli v. Commissioner, 129 T.C. 107, 111 (2007); Goza v.

Commissioner, 114 T.C. 176, 182 (2000); Woodral v. Commisisoner, 112 T.C. 19,

23 (1999).

      On remand Appeals Officer Lerner agreed petitioner was entitled to

$195,708 of income tax withholding but inexplicably credited petitioner only

$125,084. By not taking into account $70,624 (i.e., $195,708 less $125,084) of

stipulated credits, he reneged on respondent’s assurances to the Court of Appeals;

failed to consider relevant issues relating to the unpaid tax; inappropriately

balanced respondent’s need for the efficient collection of taxes with petitioner’s

concern regarding the levy’s intrusiveness; and contravened applicable law and

administrative procedure (i.e., section 3402(d) and Internal Revenue Manual pt.

4.23.8.4.3 (Dec. 11, 2013)) requiring respondent to abate an employer’s

employment tax liability to the extent it is paid by an employee. See sec. 6330(c);

Mescalero Apache Tribe v. Commissioner, 148 T.C. ___, ___ (slip op. at 2-3)

(Apr. 5, 2017); Dixon v. Commissioner, 141 T.C. 173, 178-179 (2013); Freije v.

Commissioner, 125 T.C. 14, 27-28 (2005) (stating that the Court can consider

facts and issues relating to nondetermination years in evaluating a taxpayer’s
                                        -6-

[*6] claim that the liability has been paid). The administrative record belies

respondent’s contention that Appeals Officer Lerner applied all of the stipulated

credits to petitioner’s accounts. Because his determination lacked a sound basis in

law and fact, Appeals Officer Lerner abused his discretion. See Giamelli v.

Commissioner, 129 T.C. at 111. Accordingly, the levy notice is not sustained.

      Contentions we have not addressed are irrelevant, moot, or meritless.

      To reflect the foregoing,

                                                    Decision will be entered for

                                              petitioner.