Court Opinion

ID: 9385082
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-05 20:09:57.421017+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:58.648951
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                                     April 5, 2023
                              STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA                               EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                                   SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                            SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS                                   OF WEST VIRGINIA

State of West Virginia,
Plaintiff Below, Respondent

vs.) No. 21-0669 (Mingo County A20-F72)

Heather Musick,
Defendant Below, Petitioner

                               MEMORANDUM DECISION

       Petitioner Heather Musick appeals the order of the Circuit Court of Mingo County, entered
on June 2, 2021 (adjudging her guilty of first-degree robbery, grand larceny, burglary, conspiracy
to commit robbery, conspiracy to commit grand larceny, and conspiracy to commit burglary), and
the subsequent order, entered on June 22, 2021, sentencing her to a term of sixty-five to one
hundred years of confinement in a state correctional facility. 1 Ms. Musick was resentenced for
appeal purposes on July 22, 2021. Upon our review, we determine that oral argument is
unnecessary and that a memorandum decision is appropriate. See W. Va. R. App. P. 21.

        Ms. Musick presents five assignments of error to attack her criminal conviction. She asserts
that the circuit court erred in: (1) failing to address the mention of her prior criminal history in the
presence of a juror; (2) excluding evidence of the details of a prior confidential settlement for
which the victim received a monetary distribution; (3) prohibiting witness examination about the
same settlement; (4) failing to find that there was insufficient evidence to support her criminal
conviction; and (5) failing to address the State’s failure to provide an updated Criminal
Identification Bureau (“CIB”) report of its witness prior to trial.

                                                  1.

       We begin with Ms. Musick’s fourth assignment of error, concerning the sufficiency of the
evidence supporting her conviction, to present the central narrative relevant to the remainder of
Ms. Musick’s assignments of error.

      At Ms. Musick’s trial, the State presented a witness (“the victim”) who testified that Ms.
Musick burst into her home at approximately 1:00 a.m. in mid-2020. The victim knew and

       1
        Petitioner appears by counsel Rico Moore. Respondent State of West Virginia appears by
counsel Attorney General Patrick Morrisey and Assistant Attorney General William E. Longwell.

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recognized Ms. Musick. The victim testified that Ms. Musick left the home but returned
approximately three hours later with an accomplice who aided Ms. Musick’s attack on the victim.
The accomplice began to search the home while Ms. Musick continued to beat the victim. The
victim testified that before the two women left her home, Ms. Musick put a handgun into her mouth
and told her that she would kill the victim and her children. The victim reported that several items
were taken from her home during the attack, including a gun and currency totaling $27,000.
Several of the items later were recovered from Ms. Musick’s home, along with approximately
$7,000 in cash.

       We measure these facts against the following gauge:

                The function of an appellate court when reviewing the sufficiency of the
       evidence to support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at
       trial to determine whether such evidence, if believed, is sufficient to convince a
       reasonable person of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Thus, the
       relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable
       to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements
       of the crime proved beyond a reasonable doubt.

Syl. Pt. 1, State v. Guthrie, 194 W. Va. 657, 461 S.E.2d 163 (1995).

        We find that Ms. Musick’s argument supporting her fourth assignment of error falls short
of demonstrating error under this standard. First, we note that a jury could find, on the face of these
facts, that Ms. Musick committed a crime. Second, though Ms. Musick was convicted of the
several crimes listed at the outset of this decision, she briefly and broadly argues that a lack of
physical evidence rendered the entirety of the evidence insufficient, without discussing her specific
criminal convictions. 2 We have explained that “when reviewing a conviction, we may accept any
adequate evidence, including circumstantial evidence, as support for the conviction.” Id. at 668,
461 S.E.2d at 174. Furthermore, we have established that “[a] criminal defendant challenging the
sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction takes on a heavy burden.” Id. at Syl. Pt. 3, in
part. An appellant fails to meet that burden when he or she offers a mere cursory argument without
discussing the criminal elements for the conviction or convictions he or she challenges, and
without specifically identifying the State’s failures of proof.

                                                  2.

      Having provided the necessary background, we return to chronological consideration of
Ms. Musick’s assignments of error. 3 In her first assignment of error, Ms. Musick argues that the

       2
        Ms. Musick’s assertion that the State failed to offer physical evidence discounts testimony
concerning the items recovered from her home.
       3
         The facts and arguments supporting each assignment of error are cursory at best. In
support of her first assignment of error, for example, Ms. Musick offers a four-sentence argument
suggesting that “[o]nce this matter was brought to the attention of the lower court it should have
(continued. . .)
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circuit court erred because it did not “address or rule upon” a juror’s mention of Ms. Musick’s
prior involvement with “either day report or drug court” during voir dire. Ms. Musick asserts that
this occurred in the presence of individuals who eventually would be empaneled, but our review
of the appendix record on appeal reveals that it is far from a foregone conclusion that the
communication occurred openly. Importantly, Ms. Musick failed to raise an objection to this
communication with the trial judge, who would have been positioned to commit the circumstances
to the record. Because Ms. Musick did not object, we would review this assignment of error only
for plain error. “To trigger application of the ‘plain error’ doctrine, there must be (1) an error; (2)
that is plain; (3) that affects substantial rights; and (4) seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or
public reputation of the judicial proceedings.” Syl. Pt. 7, State v. Miller, 194 W. Va. 3, 459 S.E.2d
114 (1995). As already noted, it is not clear that an error occurred, and we decline to further address
this issue.

                                                   3.

        Ms. Musick’s second and third assignments of error are substantially similar. She argues,
in the second, that the circuit court erred in disallowing evidence of a confidential settlement
agreement and, in the third, that the circuit court abused its discretion when it thwarted her
attorney’s attempts to ask about the origin of settlement money. She, in fact, offers no argument
specifically supporting the second assignment of error, and appears to support the combined
assignments of error with a two-sentence argument that is not specific to the relevant facts.

        During trial, Ms. Musick’s counsel asked the victim why she had $27,000 in her home.
The victim responded, “It was mine. I just got a lawsuit settlement.” The prosecuting attorney
requested a bench conference and told the circuit court, “I provided [the settlement agreement]
because I had [it], but with the understanding that it’s confidential.” The circuit court informed
Ms. Musick’s counsel that, because the terms of the settlement were confidential, “the source is
not admissible.” When told the source was not admissible, Ms. Musick’s counsel unequivocally
stated, “That’s fine.”

        Because Ms. Musick’s counsel agreed to forego further inquiry, and because Ms. Musick

been incumbent upon [the trial court] to address it in some manner at the very least.” Of course,
the crucial point is that the matter was not brought to the attention of the trial court. Ms. Musick
fails to offer any argument concerning the actual communication of which she complains and
further fails to articulate why the plain error doctrine should apply to this issue.

       Arguments supporting the remainder of the assignments of error are similarly lacking, and
we are compelled to urge our litigant’s counsel to cautiously consider his responsibilities under
our Rules of Appellate Procedure. At the very minimum, we expect to receive briefs containing
“an argument clearly exhibiting the points of fact and law presented, the standard of review
applicable, and citing the authorities relied on . . . [and] appropriate and specific citations to the
record on appeal[.] The Intermediate Court and the Supreme Court may disregard errors that are
not adequately supported by specific references to the record on appeal.” W. Va. R. App. P.
10(c)(7).

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has offered no evidence of extenuating circumstances to persuade us otherwise, we are confronted
with no reason to find that the circuit court erred under the applicable standard of review:

               “‘“Rulings on the admissibility of evidence are largely within a trial court’s
       sound discretion and should not be disturbed unless there has been an abuse of
       discretion.” State v. Louk, 171 W.Va. 639, [643,] 301 S.E.2d 596, 599 (1983).’ Syl.
       Pt. 2, State v. Peyatt, 173 W.Va. 317, 315 S.E.2d 574 (1983).” Syl. Pt. 1, State v.
       Shrewsbury, 213 W.Va. 327, 582 S.E.2d 774 (2003).

Syl. Pt. 1, State v. Kaufman, 227 W. Va. 537, 711 S.E.2d 607 (2011). Ms. Musick has failed to
demonstrate that the circuit court abused its discretion in its treatment of the confidential settlement
agreement issue or in declining to hear explanatory testimony about the same.

                                                  4.

        In her final assignment of error, Ms. Musick argues that the circuit court was “clearly
wrong when it did not rule that the prosecution had failed to provide an updated CIB [report] of a
witness prior to trial.” 4 According to Ms. Musick, her attorney conducted a Google search on the
first morning of trial and learned that the victim’s background report provided by the State did not
reflect charges the victim faced in Kentucky and Florida. The court did not allow Ms. Musick to
introduce the fruit of her Google search because she was unable to lay a proper foundation. In
response, Ms. Musick requested that the State be made to provide an updated report, but the circuit
court denied that request on the ground that the State had provided the document that it had in its
possession.

       This assignment of error suggests that the State failed to comply with pretrial discovery.

              “Our traditional appellate standard for determining whether the failure to
       comply with court[-]ordered pretrial discovery is prejudicial is contained in
       Syllabus Point 2 of State v. Grimm, 165 W.Va. 547, 270 S.E.2d 173 (1980), and is
       applicable to discovery under Rule 16 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure. It is
       summarized: The non-disclosure is prejudicial where the defense is surprised on a
       material issue and where the failure to make the disclosure hampers the preparation
       and presentation of the defendant’s case.” Syl. Pt. 1, State v. Johnson, 179 W.Va.
       619, 371 S.E.2d 340 (1988).

Syl. Pt. 2, State v. Gary F., 189 W. Va. 523, 432 S.E.2d 793 (1993).

       4
          It is not clear whether Ms. Musick requested that the State produce a background check
prepared by the Criminal Identification Bureau of the West Virginia State Police (see W. Va. Code
§ 15-2-24) or one prepared by the National Crime Information Center (“NCIC”), a division of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation. In the discussion surrounding her motion, petitioner’s counsel
referred to the requested document interchangeably as “a background report,” “the State’s NCIC,”
and a “background check.” Counsel then requested that the circuit court direct the State to provide
“an updated CIB.”
                                                   4
        Ms. Musick fails to provide information necessary for effective review. The matter
concerns the adequacy of production responsive to discovery, but the appendix record on appeal
contains neither the discovery request nor the produced document. We recently reiterated, in State
v. Delorenzo, ___ W. Va. ___, ___ S.E.2d ___ (2022), that we take as “‘non[-]existing all facts
that do not appear in the [appendix] record’” (citation omitted). It is not apparent on the face of
the appendix record on appeal that Ms. Musick’s request encompassed material that was not
provided to her. Based on the non-existing facts of the discovery exchange, we find no evidence
that the State engaged in prejudicial non-disclosure. We conclude, therefore, that the circuit court
did not err in denying Ms. Musick’s request.

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.

                                                                                         Affirmed.

ISSUED: April 5, 2023

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Tim Armstead
Justice John A. Hutchison
Justice William R. Wooton
Justice C. Haley Bunn

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