Court Opinion

ID: 5851207
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-13 00:02:47.936648+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:44:06.067435
License: Public Domain

Kupferman, J. P.,
dissents with respect to Appeal No. 12422 in a memorandum as follows: I would reverse and declare for the plaintiff. Plaintiff-appellant, publisher of Playbill, has been exempt from city sales and compensating use tax (former Administrative Code of City of New York, § A46-6.0, subd [a], par [5]) and then New York State sales and compensating use tax (Tax Law, art 28, § 1115, subd [a], par [5]), as a periodical for a total of 37 years. Originally, Playbill was considered exempt pursuant to a New York City Comptroller’s letter in 1941. In 1965, the State assumed the duty of collecting sales tax and the exemption was continued. On September 1, 1977, an amendment to the Tax Law was made which added “shopping papers” to the list of exempt publications (§ 1115, subd [i]) and specifically excluded “theatre programs” (§ 1115, subd [i], pars [A], [D]) from the sales tax exemption. The exclusion of “theatre programs” should not apply to a publication like Playbill. It is conceded that a small part of the publication is a program for the theatre in which it is distributed, but this does not transform the entire publication into a theatre program. Playbill is published every month and each edition contains news items and articles on the general topic of theatre. Each theatre has a customized edition, which shows the current production on the cover and an insert in the middle giving the cast of characters, all other aspects of the publication being the same for all theatres that month. Although it does contain a “theatre program” in each copy, the essence of the publication is that of a monthly periodicál of and concerning the theatre. Certainly, the plain and ordinary meaning (McKinney’s Cons Laws of NY, Book 1, Statutes, § 94) of the words “theatre program” would not encompass a publication that is distributed in almost every major theatre and results in a circulation that exceeds one million readers a month. The State Tax Commission also argues that, even if Playbill was not considered a “theatre program,” it still did not conform to the requirements specified in article 53 of the New York City Sales Tax Regulations for “periodicals.” “3a.- It must be published at stated intervals, at least as frequently as four times a year, b. It must have the element of general availability to the public, c. It must have continuity as to title and general nature of content from issue to issue, d. It must not, either singly or, when successive issues are put together, constitute a book, and e. Each issue must contain a variety of articles by different authors devoted either to literature, *572the sciences or the arts, some special industry, profession, sport or other fields of endeavor.” (These same elements have now been formally adopted by the State Tax Commission in 20 NYCRR 528.6 [c] [1] [i]-[v].) Clearly, four of the five requirements are met by Playbill; Playbill is published 12 times a year, it does not constitute a book, there has been continuity of title and content, and each issue contains a variety of articles by different authors on cultural and theatrical subjects. At issue is whether Playbill is available for general circulation to the public. Playbill, although not widely advertised, was available to subscribers as well as all theatregoers. The exact phrase “general availability” must be understood to mean that “any member of the public with the inclination and available funds could subscribe” (Business Statistics Organization v Joseph, 299 NY 443, 451). Recently, in a Tax Commission advisory opinion, Playbill was acknowledged to be a periodical on the basis that they had increased their subcription solicitation. This Tax Commission opinion, dated July 21, 1981, stated: “The present policy of Playbill’s management is vigorously to solicit subscribers * * * Accordingly, since July 1,1979 Petitioner’s publication, Playbill, has constituted a ‘periodical’ within the meaning and intent of section 1115(a)(5) of the Tax Law, thus qualifying for the exemption there provided.” It seems, therefore, that the Tax Commission no longer contends that Playbill is really a “theatre program.” Nowhere in the statute or regulations is there a requirement that a periodical must be sold on newsstands or subscriptions actively solicited, and the commission’s reversal in position on this reasoning further supports Playbill’s claim to the exemption during the period in dispute. From its inception, Playbill has been held exempt from sales taxes and it should continue to be, absent any showing of a change in legislative intent. (Matter of Consolidated Edison Co of N. Y. v State Tax Comm., 24 NY2d 114.) Playbill should be considered an “exempt periodical” and the benefits inuring to those publications which are exempt should be applied here.