Court Opinion

ID: 9352038
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-01-04 18:01:43.536327+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:57:48.843011
License: Public Domain

Appellate Case: 22-3261     Document: 010110792589       Date Filed: 01/04/2023    Page: 1
                                                                                   FILED
                                                                       United States Court of Appeals
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                          Tenth Circuit

                              FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                          January 4, 2023
                          _________________________________
                                                                          Christopher M. Wolpert
                                                                              Clerk of Court
  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

        Plaintiff - Appellee,

  v.                                                          No. 22-3261
                                                    (D.C. No. 5:21-CR-40075-TC-1)
  STEVEN DEWAYNE MILLS,                                        (D. Kan.)

        Defendant - Appellant.
                       _________________________________

                              ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
                          _________________________________

 Before HOLMES, Chief Judge, KELLY and CARSON, Circuit Judges.
                    _________________________________

       This matter is before the court on the government’s motion to enforce the

 appeal waiver in Steven Dewayne Mills’s plea agreement pursuant to United States v.

 Hahn, 359 F.3d 1315 (10th Cir. 2004) (en banc) (per curiam). Exercising jurisdiction

 under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we grant the motion and dismiss the appeal.

       Mr. Mills pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud. As part of his

 plea agreement, he waived his right to appeal his conviction and sentence. Mr. Mills

 reserved his right to challenge his conviction in a proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 2255

 based on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel or prosecutorial misconduct.

       *
          This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines
 of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for
 its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
Appellate Case: 22-3261    Document: 010110792589        Date Filed: 01/04/2023    Page: 2

 And the waiver includes two exceptions to the bar on appeals of the sentence

 imposed: it permits Mr. Mills to appeal his sentence if the government appealed it or

 if the court imposed a sentence above the Guidelines range determined by the court.

       Mr. Mills acknowledged in the plea agreement that he was entering his plea

 knowingly and voluntarily and that he understood its consequences, including the

 sentences that could be imposed. He also acknowledged he was waiving his right to

 appeal his conviction and a within-Guidelines sentence. At the change-of-plea

 hearing, the district court reminded him of the possible sentences and broad appeal

 waiver, and he confirmed that he understood and that he wanted to plead guilty.

 Based on his responses to the court’s questions and its observations of his demeanor,

 the court accepted his plea as having been knowingly and voluntarily entered.

       The court then sentenced Mr. Mills to 24 months’ imprisonment. The sentence

 is at the bottom of the Guidelines range, which the court determined was 24 to 30

 months. The government did not appeal the sentence.

       Despite the broad appeal waiver, Mr. Mills filed a notice of appeal. His

 docketing statement indicates that the appeal issues are that he did not knowingly and

 voluntarily enter his plea and that the court erred in calculating the Guidelines range.

       In ruling on a motion to enforce, we consider whether the appeal falls within

 the scope of the appeal waiver, whether the defendant knowingly and voluntarily

 waived his right to appeal, and “whether enforcing the waiver would result in a

 miscarriage of justice.” Hahn, 359 F.3d at 1325.

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Appellate Case: 22-3261    Document: 010110792589        Date Filed: 01/04/2023        Page: 3

       In response to the government’s motion to enforce, Mr. Mills, through counsel,

 explained the substance of his sentencing challenge and his claim that his plea was

 invalid because, despite the change-of-plea transcript reflecting the court’s

 advisement about the appeal waiver, he “does not recall that discussion or recall

 being advised that he would be unable to appeal a sentencing error such as the one at

 issue.” Resp. to Mot. to Enforce at 3. Nevertheless, Mr. Mills

       acknowledge[d] that under this Court’s controlling precedent, he cannot
       show on the present record on direct appeal that his plea or his appeal
       waiver was not knowing or voluntary, that his appeal is outside the scope of
       the waiver, or that enforcement of the waiver would be a miscarriage of
       justice under [Hahn].
 Id. at 4-5. He thus indicated that he does not object to the enforcement of the waiver

 and dismissal of his appeal, provided the dismissal does not “prejudice . . . [his]

 reserved 28 U.S.C. § 2255 rights.” Id. at 1.

       Because Mr. Mills concedes that the appeal waiver is enforceable under Hahn,

 we need not analyze the Hahn factors. See United States v. Porter, 405 F.3d 1136,

 1143 (10th Cir. 2005) (court need not address uncontested Hahn factors). And based

 on his concession and our review of the record, we grant the government’s motion to

 enforce the appeal waiver and dismiss the appeal. This dismissal is without prejudice

 to Mr. Mills’s reserved rights to pursue relief under § 2255.

                                             Entered for the Court
                                             Per Curiam

                                             3