Court Opinion

ID: 4271217
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-04-30 20:00:30.192592+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:32:30.607692
License: Public Domain

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                            File Name: 18a0223n.06

                                          No. 17-6158

                          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                               FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

REGIONS BANK, an Alabama banking corporation,
                                          )
                                                                                FILED
                                                                            Apr 30, 2018
                                          )
                                                                       DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
     Plaintiff-Appellee,                  )
                                          )
v.                                        )                    ON APPEAL FROM THE
                                          )                    UNITED STATES DISTRICT
GATEWAY HOUSING FOUNDATION, a District )                       COURT FOR THE MIDDLE
of Columbia non-profit corporation; TERRY )                    DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE
MCNELLIS, individually,                   )
                                          )
     Defendants-Appellants.               )
                                          )

       Before: SUHRHEINRICH, GIBBONS, and KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judges.

       KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judge. Gateway Housing Foundation and Terry McNellis appeal

the district court’s award of sanctions to Regions Bank. All agree that the award should be

reversed as to Gateway. We affirm the rest.

       Gateway and McNellis (the defendants) guaranteed a real-estate loan, whose borrower

eventually defaulted. Regions, the lender, sought to collect the debt from them, and the dispute

went to arbitration. Two years later, the arbitrators awarded Regions $4.5 million. The district

court confirmed the arbitration award and entered judgment against the defendants. Regions’s

efforts to enforce that judgment prompted this dispute.

       Regions was entitled to discovery from the defendants about the assets available to

satisfy the judgment. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 69(a)(2). Regions asked the defendants for five years

of financial information. They failed to respond timely, so Regions filed a motion to compel.

The magistrate judge ordered the defendants to produce one year of financial information.
No. 17-6158, Regions Bank v. Gateway Hous. Found.

       As soon as the defendants produced that information, Regions registered the judgment in

Minnesota, where McNellis lived. Regions also issued garnishment summonses to McNellis’s

financial institutions, freezing the moneys in his bank and investment accounts. See Minn. Stat.

Ann. §§ 571.71, 571.911. In response, McNellis renewed an earlier motion to pay the judgment

in installments (which the magistrate judge had denied) and also sought to stop the garnishments.

He relied on Tenn. Code Ann. § 26-2-216, which allows a judgment debtor to pay the judgment

out of his wages or other periodic income when he lacks assets to pay otherwise. See Harrington

v. Harrington, 759 S.W.2d 664, 668 (Tenn. 1988). To support that motion, McNellis submitted

an affidavit saying that he had “liquidated all readily available assets” and that he did “not have

the present ability to make any payment larger than [$100,000] per month[.]” At a hearing on

his motion, however, McNellis admitted that he in fact held millions of dollars in cash and

securities; he just did not want to sell them for tax reasons. Days later, McNellis paid off the

judgment, evidently expecting the magistrate judge to rule against him, which the judge later did.

       Regions thereafter sought sanctions against the defendants.         The magistrate judge

recommended a sanction of $43,500: $3,500 for failing to cooperate in discovery, see Fed. R.

Civ. P. 37(a)(5), and $40,000 for seeking installment payments in bad faith. The district court

adopted the recommendation and ordered the defendants to pay the $43,500.             This appeal

followed.

       The defendants challenge only the $40,000 sanction. Regions consents to reversal of that

sanction as to Gateway, which itself did not join McNellis’s motion or seek to pay the judgment

in installments. That leaves the district court’s decision to sanction McNellis. We review that

decision for an abuse of discretion. See Metz v. Unizan Bank, 655 F.3d 485, 489 (6th Cir. 2011).

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No. 17-6158, Regions Bank v. Gateway Hous. Found.

       Courts have the inherent power to sanction a party who litigates in bad faith, i.e., a party

who knowingly advances a meritless claim for an improper purpose, such as to delay the

litigation or to hinder enforcement of a court order. See id. Here, McNellis testified that he

could have liquidated cash and securities to pay the judgment. Thus he was ineligible to pay in

installments under Tenn. Code Ann. § 26-2-216(a)(1). His testimony also showed that he had

lied about his ability to pay the judgment: his affidavit said that he had already “liquidated all

readily available assets” and could pay only $100,000 per month “without defaulting on existing

obligations[.]” Neither of those things was true and the district court reasonably concluded that

McNellis knew his motions to pay in installments were meritless. Hence the district court did

not abuse its discretion in sanctioning McNellis. Cf., e.g., Scott v. Metro. Health Corp., 234 F.

App’x 341, 368 (6th Cir. 2007).

       For his part, McNellis maintains that the $40,000 sanction is unfair because the

magistrate judge chided Regions for its litigation conduct. For example, the judge was surprised

that Regions had garnished McNellis’s accounts, because the judge had expected (though not

required) Regions to seek court approval before doing so. McNellis says that he should not be

penalized for filing his second motion to pay in installments, since it responded to Regions’s

unexpected actions. As the magistrate judge later recognized, however, Regions had every right

to execute the judgment by garnishing McNellis’s accounts; McNellis had no right to stop

Regions by misleading the court. See, e.g., Fed. R. Civ. P. 69(a)(1); Minn. Stat. Ann. § 571.71;

Tenn. Code Ann. § 26-2-202.

       McNellis also claims that the district court denied him due process. Due process requires

fair notice and an opportunity for a hearing on the record. See Metz, 655 F.3d at 491-92.

McNellis received both. Regions asked for sanctions three times: in its response to McNellis’s

                                               -3-
No. 17-6158, Regions Bank v. Gateway Hous. Found.

second motion to pay the judgment in installments, in the joint statement of unresolved issues,

and in its motion for sanctions. McNellis was able to and in fact did respond to Regions’s

arguments. Moreover, he never asked for an evidentiary hearing. The court gave McNellis all

the process that he was due. See id.

       McNellis also challenges the amount of the sanctions. He argues generally that the

district court awarded Regions more than the relevant legal standard permits, i.e., the amount of

attorney’s fees that Regions paid to defend against McNellis’s bad-faith behavior. See Goodyear

Tire & Rubber Co. v. Haeger, 137 S. Ct. 1178, 1186-87 (2017). But $40,000 approximated “a

reasonable rate for the time reasonably spent in defending against” McNellis’s motions to pay

the judgment in installments. McNellis fails to identify any specific problem with the rates or

hours used, and thus gives us no reason to change the award.

       Finally, Regions and McNellis each move for sanctions on appeal. Regions asserts that

McNellis’s appeal was frivolous, and that it is therefore entitled to damages, costs, and sanctions.

See Fed. R. App. P. 38. Although McNellis’s motions for installment payments were frivolous,

his appeal of the sanctions award was not; hence we deny Regions’s motion. See Stalley ex rel.

United States v. Mountain States Health All., 644 F.3d 349, 353 (6th Cir. 2011). But that motion

itself was not brought in bad faith, so we deny McNellis’s motion as well. See Metz, 655 F.3d at

489.

       We affirm the district court’s judgment in full as to McNellis. As to Gateway, we affirm

$3,500 of the judgment and reverse $40,000 of the judgment. We deny the parties’ motions for

sanctions. Since Regions substantially prevailed against McNellis, we tax costs against him. See

Fed. R. App. P. 39(a)(4).

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