Court Opinion

ID: 6139917
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-05 14:36:59.731851+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:54:35.843379
License: Public Domain

By the Court.
Daly, F. J.
The averment in the complaint is that John S. Kelso hid not authority to select an arbitrator to determine what the rent under the renewed lease should be, other than his general authority to let and collect rents. This would not he sufficient to authorize him to appoint an arbitrator for the plaintiffs, and the proceedings on the part of the arbitrators were without authority, and not binding upon the plaintiffs.
The plaintiffs aver further that they notified the defendant that they would not he hound by the award, and that they were ready to proceed with the arbitration, as provided by the lease, but that the defendant refused; and as in consequence of that refusal, they cannot have the rent fixed in the maimer prescribed by the lease, they ask that the Court shrill ascertain and "fix it.
"Where a valid contract has been entered into for the renewal of a lease, by which it is provided that the amount of root to he paid shall be settled by arbitration, and the puny wh<> is give the lease refuses to appoint an arbitrator, a court of equity will compel a specific performance, and order a reference to ascertain what the amount of the rent should be. Tills v-ws *422held in the cases of Gregory v. Mighell (18 Ves. 328), Gourlay v. The Duke of Somerset (19 Id., 430), Johnson v. Conger (14 Abbott, 195). In the first of these cases there was a paroi agreement for a lease of twenty-one years, the amount of rent annually to be fixed by two indifferent persons, under which the lessee entered and made improvements. This was regarded as a part performance of the contract, which took the agreement out of the statute of frauds ; and Sir William Grant held that the failure of the arbitrator to 'fix the rent could not affect the agreement, and that the court would find some means of completing its execution. A specific performance was accordingly decreed, and it was referred to a master to . ascertain what the rent ought to ho.
In the next case (Gourlay v. The Duke of Somerset) a lease was to he given with such condition as the defendants’ steward should judge to be reasonable and proper; or, in the event of his death, by some other person, to be mutually agreed upon between the parties. The matter having been brought before the court by a bill filed by the tenant, the question arose whether the lease to he executed by the defendant should bo settled by his steward, or by a master of the court; and Sir William Grant held that when the agreement to give a lease is binding, and such as ought to be executed, it does not require foreign aid to carry the details into execution ; and in the last case (Johnson v. Conger), it was expressly held by the Supreme Court of this district at General Term, that where there is a covenant in a lease for a renewal which one party is bound to give and the other to accept, the rent to be fixed by arbitration, and the landlord refuses to appoint an 'arbitrator, the court will compel the performance of the covenant, either by .a renewal of the lease at the old rent, or will ascertain what should be the rent.
In two cases in this State, (Whitefeld v. Duffield, Hoff. C. R., 110, and Robinson v. Kettletas, 4 Edwds. R. 67), it has been said that if the rent upon a covenant of renewal is left to be determined by arbitration, a court of equity will not compel a.q«H-fie performance of the covenant. The last of these eases need not be examined, as it is founded upon the authority- of the first, and the- point -was not involved. 2sor was it involved in the first ease, Whitefeld v. Duffield, as the covenant fur a iv*423newal there was, that a new lease should he granted for twenty years tiyxm such terms as the lessor might think proper, and the lessee might approve, which was held void for uncertainty—as the lessors, if they thought proper, might tender one upon such terms as to make it impossible for the lessee to approve and accept—and upon the ground that the lessors had expressly reserved to themselves the privilege of settling the amount and fixing'the condition according to their own notion of'what might be their interest. The decision of Vice-Chancellor Hoffman was sustained hy the Court of Errors (Duffield v. Whitlock, 26 Wend., 55). In delivering his opinion the learned Vice Chan-cellar reviews a number of cases, the conclusion from which is expressed in the marginal note of the case in Hofihaan’s Report, probably written by Vice-Chancellor Hoffman himself, to this effect—“A distinction exists between a clause to grant a new lease and one to renew the lease. In the latter, there is an implied covenant to give a new one for -the same terms, rent, and conditions. The rent to he paid is as essential a part of the contract to give a lease, as the price is upon a contract to sell. If the agreement does not contain it, and it is not supplied by other competent evidence, no performance can he enforced.” And in the comse of his opinion he says—“ The rent to be paid is as essential a part of the contract to lease, as the price upon a contract to sell.” The inference from this language would seem to be that which was drawn hy Vice-Chancellor McCoun in Robinson v. Keteltas, supra, that if the implied covenant to renew upon the same terms is repelled hy a clause in the covenant for renewal, declai’ing that the rent of the additional term shall he fixed by arbitration, the covenant is left uncertain as to the amount of rent, and if the parties refxiso to arbitrate, the Coxu't cannot compel a performance of the contract. -
This is directly in conflict with the cases that have been cited from Vesey, which aré not referred to ixx the opinion of Vice-Chancellor Hoffman, and with the decision of the Sxipremo Comt of this district. Nor do any of the cases to which the ViueChancellor has refei’red xvarrant, in my judgment, sxieh a conclusion. He refers especially to Clinan v. Cook (1 Sch. & Lef., 22), but in that carethe term for which the lease was to be given was not mentioned in the agreement, and the Court of course could nut a-cerhiinit. But if the rent is to bo fixed, not hy the parties but by arbi*424tration, the Court can, by taking proof, ascertain and fix it with as much certainty as the arifitrators could do; and if the mode of determining it by arbitration cannot ho resorted to through the refusal of one of the parties to appoint an arbitrator, there is no reason wdiy the other party should lose the benefit of a contract in all other respects valid and binding, when the Court has the means of fixing what so eminent a judge as Sir William Grant regarded as a mere matter of detail.
In this case tile covenant for a renewal formed part of the original lease, and was-valid—being in writing, and founded upon a consideration sufficiently expressed. The testator was to have the privilege of a renewal of the lease for a further term of five years; hut he died before the original lease expired, and the defendant, who is his widow, his sole devisee, and his executrix, continued in possession after the expiration of the term, thereby indicating her intention to avail herself of the benefit of the covenant for a renewal. It was equivalent to an election to take the further lease for five years, and she might hold the premises subject only to the rent reserved by the original lease, until the plaintiffs performed their covenant by executing a lease for the additional term (Holsman v. Abrams, 2 Duer, 446; Van Rensselaer v. Penniman, 6 Wend., 569 ; Cure v. Crawford, 5 How., 293).
The plaintiffs were hound to give, and she to accept a new lease—for if, by her electing to continue the possession, the covenant became binding- upon the one, the obligation was mutual, and was equally binding upon the other (Platt on Covenants, 21 Holsman v. Abrams, 2 Duer, 117).
But the plaintiffs cannot give the new lease until the amount of the rent is fixed, and as the defendant will not appoint an arbitrator, the plaintiffs are entitled to the equitable aid of the Coui-c to ascertain it—that being the only mode under the circumstances in which it can he ascertained and fixed. The relief sought is purely of an equitable nature, to which the plaintiffs are end clod if they have no adequate legal remedy.
It is suggested that if the defendant will not appoint an arbitrator, the plaintiffs are not bound to give a new lease—but this would he to suffer her to remain in possession, subject to the former rent, which the plaintiffs may not think adequate: or it is suggested that if she has broken the covenant by refusing to *425appoint an arbitrator, they may remove her from the possession by taking summary proceedings under the statute. It is suffieient, without stopping to inquire whether they have that remedy or npt, to say that they may not desire to take hack the premises, hut prefer that the defendant should, under the existing circumstances, be held to the covenant to take a further lease— and if the equitable aid of the Court is necessary to put the plaintiff in a position to give the lease, it will not be refused. If the remedy which the party may have at law will not put Mm in a situation as beneficial to him as if the agreement were specifically performed, relief will he afforded in equity (Harnett v. Fielding, 3 Sch. & Lef., 553).
The judgment of the Special Term should he affirmed,