Court Opinion

ID: 9393355
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-09 21:00:37.52537+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:52.544617
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                          MAY 9 2023
                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ANTONIO ISRAEL MEJIA SILIEZAR,                    No. 21-1401
                                                  Agency No.
               Petitioner,                        A206-190-867
    v.
                                                  MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

               Respondent.

                      On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                          Board of Immigration Appeals

                       Argued and Submitted March 27, 2023
                            San Francisco, California

Before: BOGGS, M. SMITH, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.**

         Antonio Israel Mejia Siliezar (“Mejia”),1 a native and citizen of El

Salvador, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”)

dismissal of his appeal from the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of asylum,

withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture

         *
            This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not
precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
         **
            The Honorable Danny J. Boggs, United States Circuit Judge for the
Court of Appeals, 6th Circuit, sitting by designation.
1
 Although Petitioner’s name is misspelled as Mejias throughout the record, his
name is properly spelled Mejia.
(“CAT”). As the parties are familiar with the facts, we do not recount them

here. We exercise jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and deny the petition.

      This court reviews only the BIA’s decision except to the extent that the

BIA expressly adopts the IJ’s decision or relies on its reasoning. Budiono v.

Lynch, 837 F.3d 1042, 1046 (9th Cir. 2016). We review legal questions de

novo. Id. And we review factual findings for substantial evidence; under this

standard, factual findings are “conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator

would be compelled to conclude the contrary.” Flores Molina v. Garland, 37

F.4th 626, 632 (9th Cir. 2022) (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B)).

      1. Review of the record. As an initial matter, Mejia failed to establish

that the agency did not review the entire record. Where the agency “does not

consider all the evidence before it, either by misstating the record or failing to

mention highly probative or potentially dispositive evidence, its decision is

legal error and cannot stand.” Id. (quoting Cole v. Holder, 659 F.3d 762, 772

(9th Cir. 2011)) (cleaned up). However, the petitioner bears the burden of

overcoming the presumption that the agency has reviewed all the evidence.

Larita-Martinez v. INS, 220 F.3d 1092, 1095-96 (9th Cir. 2000).

      Mejia failed to meet this burden. While the IJ’s list of items in the record

does not include the expert witness testimony, the IJ heard the expert testify on

the same day that Mejia himself testified, and explicitly included the

accompanying expert declaration in the list of exhibits. Nothing in the record

suggests that the expert witness testimony and declaration were not considered

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in substance, even if the former was omitted from a summary list.

      2. Asylum and withholding of removal. To establish that harm bears a

nexus to a protected ground for the purposes of asylum, a petitioner must show

that “race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or

political opinion was or will be at least one central reason” for the alleged

persecution. Barajas-Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 351, 358 (9th Cir. 2017)

(quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(i)). Withholding of removal requires only

that one of those enumerated grounds was “a reason” for the persecution, 8

U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(C) (emphasis added), a “less demanding standard” than

that for asylum, Barajas-Romero, 846 F.3d at 360. Substantial evidence

supports the BIA’s conclusion that Mejia failed to establish, under either

standard, that any harm he faced or fears was or would be on account of a

protected ground.

      The agency found that the gang members were not motivated by Mejia’s

membership in his proposed particular social groups but rather that their “sole

motivation in this case was extortion and criminal activities.” Though Mejia

presented some evidence of possible mixed motives, the agency disagreed, and

the record does not compel the conclusion that the gang members Mejia fears

were or would be motivated by anything beyond extortion. See Zetino v.

Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010) (“[A person]’s desire to be free

from harassment by criminals motivated by theft or random violence by gang

members bears no nexus to a protected ground.”).

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      Further, substantial evidence supports the agency’s finding that Mejia

failed to show that he was or will be persecuted because of an actual or imputed

political opinion. He contends that the gang members would impute an anti-

gang political opinion to him due to his failure to pay the full amount demanded

of him when he was extorted, the fact that he closed his business and later fled

to the United States, or his relation to a deceased former mayor. But the record

does not compel the conclusion that his persecutors knew of or would impute

such a political opinion to him, let alone that he would be harmed on that basis.

Thus, Mejia failed to establish nexus for asylum or withholding of removal.

      3. Convention Against Torture. The agency properly denied CAT relief.

Mejia bears the burden of showing that it is more likely than not that he would

suffer future torture if removed to El Salvador. Xochihua-Jaimes v. Barr, 962

F.3d 1175, 1188 (9th Cir. 2020) (citing 8 C.F.R. §§ 1208.16(c)(2)-(3)).

Substantial evidence supports a finding that Mejia failed to show a likelihood of

harm rising to the level of torture because none of his past harm rose to this

level and because he failed to show that he was or would be sought out for

torture if removed to El Salvador. None of the evidence in the record, including

expert testimony and general country conditions, compels the opposite

conclusion.

      The stay of removal remains in place until the mandate issues.

      PETITION DENIED.

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