Court Opinion

ID: 5460930
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-09 19:36:10.836157+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:32:52.838719
License: Public Domain

*397
By the Court,

James C. Smith, J.
The argument of the appellants’ counsel upon that branch of the case which relates to the validity of the assignment may be resolved into two propositions: first, that the conclusion of the referee that the assignment is fraudulent and void as against creditors, has nothing to support it except the fact found by him that the fictitious debt to Quinn was fraudulently provided for in the assignment; and secondly, that such finding of fact is against the evidence furnished by the assignment itself.
The first of these propositions overlooks the fact found by the referee, that at the time of. the execution of the assignment, the assignor “was in possession of all the property therein referred to, and has ever since continued in possession thereof, and that there was no delivery of it, or change in its possession.” This fact, alone, in the absence of proof that the assignment was made in good faith, and without any intent to defraud creditors, authorized the conclusion of the referee.
In regard to the second proposition, it is true that the instrument of assignment, which was executed on the 26th of August, did not in terms provide for the payment of the Quinn mortgages. It did provide, however, for the payment, first, of certain debts therein specified, and secondly, of “all other debts legally owing” by the assignor, which latter debts were not specified. The parties to the assignment must be deemed to have executed it in view of the provisions of chapter 348 of the Laws of 1860, (p. 594,) which require that every debtor making an assignment in trust for creditors shall, at the date thereof, or within twenty days thereafter, make and deliver to the county judge, &c., an inventory or schedule containing, among other things, a full and true account of all the creditors of such debtor, the sum owing to each, and the true cause and consideration of each debt. The referee found that on the 12th of September the assignor, with the aid of Bassett, one of the assignees, prepared and verified an inventory which was presented to the judge and *398filed, as required by said act, in which the Quinn mortgages were stated as debts owing by the assignor, to the amount of $5200. The referee also found that for all over $800 said mortgages were without consideration and were fictitious; and that the excess over $800 was fraudulently inserted in the inventory. In view of these facts and the provisions of the statute referred to, it seems to me that the inventory is to be regarded as a part of the assignment, so far as it designates the creditors of the second class, and the amount and nature of their debts, especially as in respect to those points the assignment itself is silent. Although the inventory was not prepared until the 17th day after the assignment was executed, it is of the same effect as if it was prepared at the date of the assignment. . (Sec. 2 of the act.) And although it is a separate instrument, yet as the assignor was required by law to prepare it, in order to make his assignment complete, I think it is to be treated as if it had been expressly referred to in the assignment, as a schedule thereafter to be made, of the creditors provided for in the second class. When it was made and filed it clothed the debts therein specified with apparent leg’al validity, and entitled them to be paid according to the provisions of the assignment; and I apprehend if the assignees, relying upon the statement in the schedule, had paid such debts in good faith, without knowledge of their fictitious character, they would have been protected in so doing. These views do not militate against the well established doctrine relied upon by the appellants’ counsel, that upon the execution and delivery of a general assignment in trust for the benefit of creditors, the rights of the parties to it are fixed, and the creditors provided for acquire rights which neither the assignor nor the assignee can thereafter change. The schedule 'changed no rights under the assignment. It merely supplied an omission in that instrument by designating the creditors who were embraced in the second class.
If these views are correct, it follows that the finding of *399the referee that the Quinn mortgages were provided for in the assignment, is not unauthorized.
But there is another branch of the case, in respect to which a serious difficulty exists, which does not seem to have been adverted to before the referee, and which requires a reversal of the judgment. The order appointing the plaintiff receiver was founded on a demand owing by Putnam & Butler as copartners. The property in the hands of the assignees, and which they are directed by the judgment herein to transfer to the plaintiff, is the separate property of Butler. The judgment also directs the plaintiff as receiver to apply the avails of said separate property to the payment of the said copartnership demand. In this respect I think it is erroneous. In equity, the separate estate is not liable for partnership demands, until the partnership effects are exhausted, and the separate debts are paid. In the case at bar it appears sufficiently, perhaps, that the remedy at law against the partnership property has been exhausted by the proceedings had in the legal action against Putnam and Butler set forth in the complaint and admitted on the trial. It is true the summons in that action was not served on Putnam, he being absent from the jurisdiction of the court; but he was named a party defendant; the judgment was entered against the defendants jointly, as it properly might be, (Code, § 136,) and the execution was regularly issued against their joint property, as well as the separate property of the defendants served. (2 R. S. 377, §§ 3, 4. Code, § 291.)
But there is no evidence that the separate debts of Butler have been paid. The assignment, which was given in evidence by the plaintiff, shows that at the time of its execution Butler was owing individual debts to the amount of several thousand dollars, which he was unable to pay, and which, for aught that appears, are yet outstanding. As the judgment makes no provision for the payment of the separate debts, but in effect postpones them till the plaintiffs’ claim against the firm is satisfied, out of the separate estate, *400instead of directing payment of the plaintiffs’ demand out of the surplus if any remains after payment of the separate debts, it is therefore erroneous and must be set a'side, and a new trial must be had.
[Monroe General Term,
December 5, 1864.
Ordered accordingly.
J. C. Smith, Welles and E. Darwin Smith, Justices.]