Court Opinion

ID: 4592326
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:07:42.956329+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:50:50.773198
License: Public Domain

APPEAL OF WHITNEY COAL MINING CO.Whitney Coal Mining Co. v. CommissionerDocket No. 4933.United States Board of Tax Appeals4 B.T.A. 310; 1926 BTA LEXIS 2318; July 21, 1926, Decided *2318 Willard M. Whitney for the petitioner.  George G. Witter, Esq. for the Commissioner.  SMITH *310  Before SMITH, LITTLETON, and TRUSSELL.  This is an appeal from the determination of a deficiency in income and profits tax for the year 1919 in the amount of $1,314.07.  The *311  deficiency results from the disallowance of the claim of the taxpayer that it was a personal service corporation during 1919.  The taxpayer does not base its appeal upon such disallowance, but upon the claim that it is entitled to deduct from gross income $35,400 for salaries of officers, instead of the amount of $5,400 claimed on its original personal-service-corporation tax return for the year 1919.  FINDINGS OF FACT.  The taxpayer was incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania on February 26, 1918, and began business on July 1, 1918.  It succeeded to the assets and business of a partnership, which began business on January 1, 1918.  There were three members of the partnership, namely, Willard M. Whitney, Mae A. Kelley, and John P. Kelley.  The capital stock of the corporation was $15,000, and each of these individuals paid $5,000 for $5,000 par value of the capital*2319  stock.  These individuals constituted all of the stockholders and all of the officers of the taxpayer during 1919, Willard M. Whitney being president, Mae A. Kelley, secretary and treasurer, and John P. Kelley, vice president.  The taxpayer was, during the year 1919, in the business of buying and selling coal, under an arrangement whereby it purchased coal from various operators at one price, sold it to customers at another price, made the bills to the customers due before the bills from the operators, and from the proceeds thereof paid the operators.  it never owned any mines but its officers were interested in certain mines, the coal of which the taxpayer chiefly sold.  Besides the officers above named, the taxpayer had a business organization consisting of an extra stenographer and a bookkeeper and one salesman.  At a meeting of the board of directors of the corporation on March 14, 1918, the compensation of the officers for the ensuing year was fixed as follows: Willard M. Whitney, president$13,600Mae A. Kelley, secretary and treasurer11,800John P. Kelley, vice president10,000It was provided, however, that if the officers should receive said salaries, *2320  or a pro rata part thereof, from the partnership, or if the salaries should be chargeable against the partnership, "then said salaries or the pro rata part thereof of the officers shall not commence until July 1, 1918." At a meeting of the board of directors held March 3, 1919, the following minute was adopted: Upon motion duly seconded and unanimously passed the compensation of the officers for the ensuing year was fixed as follows: Per year.President$13,600Vice president10,000Secretary and treasurer11,800*312  At the end of the year 1919, the taxpayer found that it did not have sufficient profits from which to pay the salaries it had voted, and the directors agreed among themselves that they would draw only $5,400 of the total amount authorized, and that this amount would be shared by Willard M. Whitney and Mae A. Kelley, and that John P. Kelley would draw no salary whatsoever for the year 1919.  Following this agreement, the bookkeeper of the company was advised of the agreement and made an entry in the books crediting the full amount of salaries to the officers.  Later he charged back to the officers all except $5,400, which amount was*2321  actually paid to the officers, Willard M. Whitney and Mae A. Kelley.  The corporation, in its tax return filed for 1919, claimed a deduction of only $5,400 as salary paid to its officers and was allowed that deduction.  The taxpayer had a very successful year in 1920 and reported in its tax return for that year a net taxable income of over $92,000.  Salaries during that year were paid to its officers at the rates shown in the minute of the meeting of the board of directors of March 3, 1919, that is, the total officers' salaries paid for the year was $35,400.  It paid nothing in that year, however, nor has it since paid anything on account of officers' salaries undrawn in the year 1919.  After the deduction from gross income of $5,400 for officers' salaries for the year 1919, the taxpayer returned a net income of $7,525.78.  If the taxpayer had deducted from gross income $35,400 for compensation of officers, its return would have shown a net loss for the year of $22,474.22.  The taxpayer's books of account for the year 1919 were kept on the accrual basis.  OPINION.  SMITH: The taxpayer paid to its officers during the year 1919 $5,400.  In March, 1919, the taxpayer had agreed*2322  to pay its officers salaries of $35,400.  By reason of the fact that it did not earn enough to pay the full amount of salaries, there was an agreement among the officers that the full amount should not be paid.  The evidence is not clear as to whether this agreement resulted in a relinquishment on the part of the officers of the undrawn salaries, or whether there was merely an agreement that the payment of them should be deferred.  The income-tax return of the corporation, made out by the bookkeeper but executed by the president, and secretary and treasurer, shows the deduction from gross income of only $5,400 for salaries of officers.  Although the taxpayer earned a large amount of money in 1920, no back salaries were paid to the officers and no back salaries have been paid up to the present time.  In view of this fact, *313  the Board is of the opinion that the amount of officers' salaries which was an expense to the corporation in 1919 was only $5,400.  Order of redetermination will be entered on 15 days' notice, under Rule 50.