Court Opinion

ID: 4420167
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-07-25 18:48:16.165903+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:50:59.746745
License: Public Domain

J-S30043-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :         PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
               v.                         :
                                          :
                                          :
 DEMETRIUS YOUNG,                         :
                                          :
                     Appellant            :        No. 881 EDA 2018

                   Appeal from the PCRA Order March 15, 2018
              in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0015003-2012

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., KUNSELMAN, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.:                            FILED JULY 25, 2019

      Demetrius Young (“Young”) appeals from the Order dismissing his first

Petition for relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).

See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.

      This Court previously set forth the relevant facts underlying this appeal

as follows:

      Young’s convictions stem from an altercation outside of a
      Philadelphia nightclub that resulted in the death of one man,
      Marcus Smith (“Victim”). … In 2011, Victim, Felicia Madison
      [(“Madison”)], Victim’s fiancée, and Cortez Pryor [(“Pryor”)] were
      living together. In May [] 2011, Pryor was stopped by the police
      while driving Victim’s car. Pryor ran from the police into Madison
      and Victim’s house. The police arrested Victim instead of Pryor.
      After that incident, Pryor and Victim’s relationship deteriorated.

            On April 1, 2012, at about 3:45 a.m., Sheila Williams
      [(“Williams”)] was outside waiting to enter the Wheels of Soul
      nightclub [(hereinafter, “the nightclub”),] located at 61st and
J-S30043-19

       Market Streets in Philadelphia.[1] A red car pulled up and Williams
       heard Young, who was sitting in the passenger seat, comment
       “there go that niggah right there.” Williams paid attention to the
       men because she believed there was going to be a fight. The
       driver, later identified as [] Pryor, exited the car and met Victim
       at the back of the car.[2] Victim punched Pryor. Young got out of
       the car and grabbed Victim. Pryor retrieved a firearm from the
       car and returned to the altercation. As soon as Victim broke free
       of Young’s hold, Pryor shot Victim. Victim immediately fell to the
       ground[,] and Williams heard twenty to thirty shots.[3] After the
       shooting, Young and Pryor drove away in the red car towards 60th
       Street. [While Pryor was driving, patrons outside of the nightclub
       returned fire in the direction of the car, striking Pryor with a bullet
       in the jaw and incapacitating him. After the car came to a stop,
       Young flagged down a passing motorist, who transported Young
       and Pryor to Mercy Philadelphia Hospital (hereinafter, “Mercy
       Hospital”).] On April 2, 2012, Williams identified co-defendant
       Pryor as the shooter from a photo array. On May 2, 2012, Williams
       identified Young from a photo array.

              On the night of the shooting, Darryl Seals [(“Seals”)],
       Victim, and James McGill [(“McGill”)] were at the … nightclub at
       60th and Market Streets. At around 3:45 a.m., McGill and Victim
       left the nightclub. Seals heard gunshots[,] [] ran outside[,] and
       saw that Victim had been shot. Seals got his car and drove Victim
       to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania [(hereinafter,
       “Penn Hospital”)].

             At 3:58 a.m., Victim was pronounced dead at [Penn]
       Hospital …. According to Dr. Sam Gulino, the Chief Medical
       Examiner for the County of Philadelphia, [Victim] suffered ten
       gunshot wounds: four to the leg, three to the chest, two to the
____________________________________________

1Notably to the instant appeal, Williams testified at trial that prior to arriving
at the nightclub, she had consumed two or three alcoholic beverages and
smoked marijuana. See N.T., 12/2/14, at 152.

2Williams testified that when she had initially noticed the interaction between
Victim and Pryor, she was located approximately 50 feet away. See id. at
192-93. However, she then moved closer to get a better view. See id. at
154, 198-200.

3 Once the shooting began, Williams hid behind a pillar for protection. See
id. at 158-59, 160-61, 204-05.
                                           -2-
J-S30043-19

      arm, one to the back, and one to the hip. Victim suffered injuries
      to the lung, heart, diaphragm, liver, and spine as a result of these
      gunshots.

Commonwealth v. Young, 134 A.3d 493 (Pa. Super. 2015) (unpublished

memorandum at 1-3) (footnotes added; citations to transcript and trial court

Opinion omitted, some brackets omitted).

      Shortly after Pryor and Young arrived at Mercy Hospital, Philadelphia

Police Officer Tanya Brown (“Officer Brown”) responded to a radio call to check

on Pryor, as the victim of a shooting. See N.T., 12/3/14, at 57. Officer Brown

was unable to speak to Pryor due to his injuries, but encountered Young in

the hallway outside of Pryor’s operating room. See id. at 60. Officer Brown

approached Young and asked him whether he knew anything about the

shooting. See id. Young responded that he had been driving with Pryor,

Young’s cousin, in the area of 60th and Market Streets, when he heard two

gunshots. See id. Young turned and saw that Pryor had been shot in the

jaw. See id. at 60-61. While Officer Brown was talking with Young, medical

personnel decided to transfer Pryor to Penn Hospital for more intensive

treatment. See id. at 61. Per police protocol, Officer Brown “secured” Young

as a witness to Pryor’s shooting, called in another police officer, Tamika Reid

(“Officer Reid”), to stay with Young, and accompanied Pryor to Penn Hospital.

See id. at 61, 73-74. Notably to this appeal, on cross-examination, Officer

Brown stated that she had told Young, who had made no attempt to terminate

the interview or leave the hospital, that “he wouldn’t be able to leave because

he needed to give a statement” as a witness. Id. at 69.

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       Officer Reid testified that while she was with Young at Mercy Hospital,

Young gave a second statement to her, after Officer Brown was called away.

See id. at 82-83. Young’s eyewitness statement to Officer Reid mirrored the

above-mentioned statement that he had given to Officer Brown. See id. at

83-85. Officer Reid subsequently transported Young to the police station for

a statement. See id. at 85-86.4

       In the morning after the shooting, a pedestrian discovered a discarded

handgun lying in the road, a few blocks away from the nightclub. See N.T.,

12/2/14, at 218-20. Subsequent forensic analysis of the handgun revealed

that it was the gun used in the shooting of Victim, and that it contained DNA

from both Pryor and Young. See N.T., 12/3/14, at 186-92, 239-42.

       In May 2012, the Commonwealth charged Young with homicide and

related offenses. The matter proceeded to a jury trial, wherein Young was

represented by Fred Harrison, Esquire (hereinafter, “trial counsel”). At the

close of trial, the jury found Young guilty of third-degree murder, possession

of an instrument of crime, and firearms not to be carried without a license.5

On December 5, 2014, the trial court sentenced Young to an aggregate term

of 19½ to 39 years in prison.

____________________________________________

4While at the police station, Young gave a witness statement to another police
officer, Detective Donald Marano (“Detective Marano”), which was consistent
with his prior statements. See N.T., 12/3/14, at 255-59.

5See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2502(c), 907(a), 6106(a)(1). The jury acquitted Young
of criminal conspiracy. See id. § 903(a).
                                           -4-
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       Young, through trial counsel, filed a timely direct appeal, challenging the

weight and sufficiency of the evidence supporting his convictions. This Court

affirmed the judgment of sentence. See Young, 134 A.3d 493 (unpublished

memorandum). Young did not seek allowance of appeal with the Pennsylvania

Supreme Court.

       On November 2, 2016, Young timely filed a pro se PCRA Petition, his

first, raising claims of trial counsel’s ineffectiveness. Young later filed a pro

se Supplemental PCRA Petition. The PCRA court appointed Young counsel,

who thereafter filed an Amended PCRA Petition, reasserting trial counsel’s

ineffectiveness. On November 9, 2017, the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P.

907 Notice of Intent to Dismiss Young’s Petition without an evidentiary

hearing. Young responded by filing a pro se Supplemental PCRA Petition, and

requesting the appointment of new PCRA counsel.

       By an Opinion and Order entered on March 15, 2018, the PCRA court

dismissed Young’s PCRA Petition, without conducting a hearing, based on the

court’s finding that all of Young’s claims lack merit.     Young then filed the

instant timely appeal.6

       Young presents the following issues for our review:

       1. Did the PCRA [c]ourt err and/or abuse its discretion when it
          denied [Young’s] [P]etition (without a hearing) under the
          PCRA[,] seeking a new trial based upon a claim that trial
          counsel was ineffective for failing to request that the court give
____________________________________________

6 The PCRA court did not order Young to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal.

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          a charge to the jury pursuant to Commonwealth v. Kloiber,
          106 A.2d 820 (Pa. 1954)[7]?

       2. Did the PCRA [c]ourt err and/or abuse its discretion when it
          denied [Young’s] [P]etition (without a hearing) under the
          PCRA[,] seeking a new trial based upon a claim that trial
          counsel was ineffective for failing to seek suppression of a
          statement that [Young] made to the police without being
          advised of his rights under Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436
          (1966)[,] and its progeny?

Brief for Appellant at 4 (issues numbered, footnote added).

       The applicable standards of review regarding the dismissal of a PCRA

petition, a petitioner’s right to an evidentiary hearing, and ineffectiveness

claims are as follows:

              This Court’s standard of review regarding an order
       [dismissing] a petition under the PCRA is whether the
       determination of the PCRA court is supported by the evidence of
       record and is free of legal error. The PCRA court’s findings will not
       be disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the
       certified record.

              The right to an evidentiary hearing on a post-conviction
       petition is not absolute. It is within the PCRA court’s discretion to
       decline to hold a hearing if the petitioner’s claim is patently
       frivolous and has no support either in the record or other evidence.
       …

              To prevail on a claim alleging counsel’s ineffectiveness
       under the PCRA, [a petitioner] must demonstrate (1) that the
       underlying claim is of arguable merit; (2) that counsel’s course of
       conduct was without a reasonable basis designed to effectuate his
       client’s interest; and (3) that he was prejudiced by counsel’s
____________________________________________

7 In Kloiber, the Supreme Court held that “where the witness is not in a
position to clearly observe the assailant,” or her identification is “weakened
by failure to identify the defendant on one or more prior occasions, the
accuracy of the identification is so doubtful that the [trial c]ourt should warn
the jury that the testimony as to identity must be received with caution.”
Kloiber, 106 A.2d at 827.
                                           -6-
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      ineffectiveness, i.e.[,] there is a reasonable probability that but
      for the act or omission in question the outcome of the proceeding
      would have been different.

Commonwealth v. Wah, 42 A.3d 335, 338 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citations and

brackets omitted); see also Commonwealth v. Solano, 129 A.3d 1156,

1162-63 (Pa. 2015) (stating that failure to establish any prong of the test will

defeat an ineffectiveness claim). Finally, “[w]hen evaluating ineffectiveness

claims, judicial scrutiny of counsel’s performance must be highly deferential.”

Commonwealth v. Lesko, 15 A.3d 345, 380 (Pa. 2011) (citation and

quotation marks omitted).

      In his first issue, Young argues that trial counsel was ineffective for

failing to ask the trial court to issue a cautionary instruction, pursuant to

Kloiber, supra, concerning the testimony of Williams, the only eyewitness to

identify Young as being involved in the crime. See Brief for Appellant at 32-

42. Specifically, Young avers that Williams (1) was under the influence of

alcohol and marijuana at the time of the shooting; (2) was too far away from

Young to clearly view him; and (3) hid behind a pillar after the shooting began.

See id. at 37-38, 40. According to Young, trial counsel acted unreasonably

in failing to request a cautionary instruction, and this failure deprived Young

of a fair trial, since it could have called into question the credibility of the sole

identification witness. See id. at 40-42.

      In its Opinion and Order, the PCRA court cogently addressed Young’s

claim and set forth the relevant law. See PCRA Court Opinion and Order,

3/15/18, at 7-9. As the PCRA court’s analysis is supported by the law and

                                        -7-
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record, we incorporate it as though fully set forth herein. See id. We conclude

that, under the circumstances, wherein Williams had a clear view of Young

and never equivocated in her identification, a Kloiber instruction was not

warranted. See Commonwealth v. Dennis, 715 A.2d 404, 411 (Pa. 1998)

(stating that where an eyewitness has had “protracted and unobstructed

views” of the defendant and consistently identified the defendant throughout

the investigation and at trial, there is no need for a Kloiber instruction);

Kloiber, 106 A.2d at 826 (stating that “[w]here the opportunity for positive

identification is good and the witness is positive in his [or her] identification

and his [or her] identification is not weakened by prior failure to identify, but

remains, even after      cross-examination, positive     and   unqualified, the

testimony as to identification need not be received with caution[.]”). Since

there was no arguable merit to requesting a Kloiber instruction, trial counsel

rendered effective assistance by not requesting one. See Commonwealth

v. Laird, 726 A.2d 346, 355 (Pa. 1999) (stating that counsel cannot be

deemed ineffective for declining to present a meritless claim). Accordingly,

Young’s first issue entitles him to no relief.

      In his second issue, Young contends that trial counsel was ineffective

for failing to file a motion to suppress his statements to Officers Brown and

Reid at Mercy Hospital, where the police had not read Young Miranda

warnings prior to his statements. See Brief for Appellant at 43-55.

      “[W]here a defendant alleges that counsel ineffectively failed to pursue

a suppression motion, the inquiry is whether the failure to file the motion is

                                       -8-
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itself objectively unreasonable, which requires a showing that the motion

would be meritorious.” Commonwealth v. Johnson, 179 A.3d 1153, 1160

(Pa. Super. 2018).    “[T]he defendant must establish that there was no

reasonable basis for not pursuing the suppression claim and that if the

evidence had been suppressed, there is a reasonable probability the verdict

would have been more favorable.” Commonwealth v. Watley, 153 A.3d
1034, 1044 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citation omitted).

      Young contends that he was in custody at the time of his statements at

Mercy Hospital, and emphasizes the testimony of Officer Brown that she had

“clearly told [] Young … that he wouldn’t be able to leave because he needed

to give a statement.” Brief for Appellant at 49 (quoting N.T., 12/3/14, at 69).

Additionally, Young stresses that he “did not present himself at the police

station, but was transported there in a police vehicle by a uniformed officer.”

Brief for Appellant at 51.    Under these circumstances, Young urges, no

reasonable person would have believed that he or she was free to leave and

discontinue interacting with the police.   Id.   Finally, Young avers that the

police held him at the police station for more than 24 hours and questioned

him without informing him of his Miranda rights. Id. at 52.

      In its Opinion and Order, the PCRA court addressed Young’s claim and

set forth the law concerning Miranda. See PCRA Court Opinion and Order,

3/15/18, at 4-7. We incorporate the court’s analysis as though fully set forth

herein. See id. The PCRA court’s rationale is supported by the record and

the law, and we agree with its determinations that (1) suppression of Young’s

                                     -9-
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statements at Mercy Hospital was not warranted, as he was not subject to a

custodial interrogation at the time; and (2) trial counsel was therefore not

ineffective for failing to file a suppression motion.8

       Accordingly, the PCRA court did not err or abuse its discretion in

dismissing Young’s first PCRA Petition without a hearing.

       Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/25/19

____________________________________________

8Moreover, even if Young’s police statements (which did not implicate him in
any crimes) had been suppressed, there is no reasonable probability that the
verdict would have been different, see Watley, supra, particularly in light of
Williams’s testimony and the murder weapon bearing DNA from Young and
Pryor.
                                          - 10 -
                                                                                                  Circulated 06/28/2019 12:49 PM

                                                                                                                   FJLEO
                                IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS                                                MAR 16 ZOtS-
                           FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
                                    CRIMINAL TRIAL DIVISION                                             cP Crfmlna,
                                                                                                            PCRAUnlt
                                                                                                                     Uat111Qt

    COMMONWEALTH Of PENNSYLVANIA                                    CP-51-CR-OO 15003-2012

            v.

    DEMETRIUS YOUNG

                                             ORDER AND OPINION

McDermott, J.                                                                               March 15, 2018

Procedural History

           On May 11, 2012, the Petitioner, Demetrius Young, and his co-defendant, Cortez Pryor,

were arrested and charged with Murder and related offenses. On December 1, 2014, the

Defendant appeared before this Court and elected to be tried by jury. On December 4, 2014, the

jury convicted the Petitioner of Third-Degree Murder, Carrying a Firearm Without a License

("VUFA 6106"), and Possession of an Instrument of Crime ("PTC").1 On December 5, 2014, this

Court sentenced the defendant to sixteen to thirty two years of imprisonment for Murder, three

and a half to seven years of imprisonment for Carrying a Firearm without a License to run

consecutively, and a concurrent term of imprisonment of one to two years for PIC, for a total

sentence of nineteen and a half to thirty nine years of imprisonment.2

I
    The jury acquitted the Petitioner of Conspiracy. The charge of Carrying a Firearm in Philadelphia was 110/le
prossed.
2
  For the purposes of sentencing, this Court used a pre-sentence and mental health report that had been completed
for the Petitioner's previous, unrelated gun charge. See CP-5I-CR-0003197-2012. The reports in that matter were
generated on July 17, 2013. Since the Petitioner was in custody for the duration of time between the completion of
reports and the instant sentencing hearing, the Petitioner's sentencing considerations memorialized in the reports had
not changed.
         The Petitioner appealed and on November 16, 2015, the Superior Court affirmed his

judgment of sentence. The Petitioner did not file a Petition for Allowance of Appeal with the

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.

         On November 2, 2016, the Petitioner filed a timely prose Post-Conviction Relief Act

("PC.RA") petition. On June 29, 2017, the Petitioner filed a prose supplemental petition. On

September 7, 2017, through appointed PCRA counsel, the Petitioner filed an Amended Petition.

On November 9, 2017, upon independent review, this Court found the Petitioner's claims

meritless and issued a Notice oflntent to Dismiss pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907.3 On November

29, 2017, the Petitioner filed a Motion for New Counsel." On December 8, 2017, this Court

continued the instant matter for PCRA counsel to send a copy of the Amended Petition to the

Petitioner. On February 22, 2018, PCRA counsel sent this Court confirmation that the Amended

Petition had been delivered. On February 27, 2018, the Petitioner filed a supplemental petition.'

         In its November 16, 2015 Opinion, the Superior Court adopted this Court's summary of

the facts and recited them as follows:

                      In 2011, [the decedent], Felicia Madison, [the decedent's]
                  fiancec, and Cortez Pryor were living together. In May of 2011,
                  Pryor was stopped by the police while driving [the decedent's] car.
                  Pryor ran from the police into Madison and [the decedent's) house.
                  The police arrested [the decedent] instead of Pryor. After that
                  incident, Pryor and [the decedent's] relationship deteriorated.
                      On April I, 2012, at about 3:45 a.m., Sheila Williams was
                  outside waiting to enter the Wheels of Soul nightclub located at 61st

3 This Court did not require the Commonwealth to file a response.
4 In his November 29, 2017 Motion, the Petitioner alleged that PCRA counsel failed to provide him with a copy of
the September 7, 2018 Amended Petition. He did not raise any new issues.
5 The Petitioner raises three additional issues in his supplemental petition, alleging that trial counsel was ineffective
for failing to request a jury instruction concerning eyewitness Sheila William's drug use, file a motion to suppress
William's identification of the Petitioner in her second statement, and object to an unascertained detective's
testimony. Since PCRA Counsel is presumed to raise all meritorious issues within an Amended Petition, this Court
need not address the above prose claims. See Commonwealth v. Jette, 23 A.3d I 032, 1044-104 5 (Pa. 2011 );
Commonwealth v. Baumhammers, 92 A.Jd 708, 714 (Pa 2014).

                                                                                                                        2
               and Market Streets in Philadelphia. A red car pulled up and Williams
               heard [the Petitioner], who was sitting in the passenger seat,
               comment "there go that niggah right there." Williams paid attention
               to the men because she believed there was going to be a fight. The
               driver, later identified as Cortez Pryor, exited the car and met [the
               decedent] at the back of the car. [The decedent] punched Pryor. [The
               Petitioner] got out of the car and grabbed (the decedent]. Pryor
               retrieved a firearm from the car and returned to the altercation. As
               soon as [the decedent] broke free of [the Petitioner's] hold, Pryor
               shot [the decedent]. [The decedent] immediately fell to the ground
               and Williams heard twenty to thirty shots. After the shooting, [the
               Petitioner] and Pryor drove away in the red car towards 60th Street.
               On April 2, 2012, Williams identified codefendant Pryor as the
               shooter from a photo array. On May 2, 2012, Williams identified
               fThe Petitioner] from a photo array.
                    On the night of the shooting, Darryl Seals, [the decedent], and
               James McGill were at the Wheels of Soul nightclub at 60th and
               Market Streets. At around 3:45 a.m., McGill and [the decedent] left
               the nightclub. Seals heard gunshots and ran outside and saw that [the
               decedent] had been shot. Seals got his car and drove [the decedent]
               to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.
                    At 3:58 a.m., [the decedent] was pronounced dead at the
               Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. According to Dr. Sam
               Gulino, the Chief Medical Examiner for the County of Philadelphia,
               Smith suffered ten gunshot wounds: four to the leg, three to the
               chest, two to the arm, one to the back, and one to the hip. [The
               decedent] suffered injuries to the lung, heart, diaphragm, liver, and
               spine as a result of these gunshots.

Commonwealth v. Demetrius Young, 460 EDA 2015 at *I {Pa. Super. Nov. 16, 2015) (non-

precedentia] decision).

Discussion

       The Petitioner raises two issues for review, alleging that trial counsel was ineffective for

failing to: (I) file a Motion to Suppress the Petitioner's statements; and, (2) request a Kloiber

identification instruction. To warrant relief based on an ineffectiveness claim, a petitioner must

show that such ineffectiveness "in the circumstances of the particular case, so undermined the

truth-determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken

place." Commonwealth v. Bardo, 105 A.3d 678, 684 (Pa. 2014); 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(ii).

                                                                                                      3
Counsel is presumed to have rendered effective assistance. Commonwealth v. Weiss, 81 A.3d
767, 783 (Pa. 2013) (citing Commonwealth v. Sepulveda, 55 A.3d 1108, 1117 (Pa. 2012)).

       To overcome the presumption, the Petitioner has to satisfy the performance and prejudice

test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 ( 1984). The Supreme Court of

Pennsylvania has applied the Strickland test by looking to three elements, whether ( L) the

underlying claim has arguable merit; (2) no reasonable basis existed for counsel's action or

failure to act; and (3) the petitioner has shown that he suffered prejudice as a result of counsel's

lapse, i.e., that there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceeding would have been

different. Commonwealth v. Pierce, 527 A.2d 973, 975 (Pa. L 987). If a claim fails under any

necessary element of the Pierce test, the court may proceed to that element first. Commonwealth

v, Bennett, 57 A.3d 1185, ·1195-1196 (Pa. 2011). Counsel will not be deemed ineffective for

failing to raise a meritless claim. Commonwealth v. Rivera, 108 A.3d 779, 789 (Pa. 2014) (citing

Commonwealth v. Jones, 912 A.2d 268, 278 (Pa. 2006)).

       The Petitioner contends that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to file a motion to

suppress his police statement after officers failed to properly Mirandize him. The Petitioner

claims that he provided two verbal interviews to police: one at the hospital where his co-

defendant Pryor was being treated for wounds, and again with homicide detectives at the Police

Administration Building.

       When a petitioner asserts ineffective assistance of counsel based upon the failure to

pursue a suppression motion, proof of the merit of the underlying suppression claim is necessary

to demonstrate ineffective assistance. Commonwealth v. Watley, 152 A.3d 1034, 1044 (Pa.

Super. 2016) (citing Commonwealth v. Metzger, 441 A.2d 1225, 1228 (Pa Super. 1981)). An

individual is entitled to Miranda warnings when subject to a custodial interrogation. Miranda v.

                                                                                                       4
Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966). In order to trigger the Miranda safeguards, there must be both

custody and interrogation; statements not made in response to a custodial interrogation are

classified as gratuitous and not subject to suppression. Commonwealth v. Cruz, 71 A.3d 998,

1003 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citing Commonwealth v. Heggins, 809 A.2d 908, 914 (Pa. Super. 2002)).

       A custodial interrogation is defined as questioning initiated by law enforcement officers

after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any

significant way. Commonwealth v. Cooley, 118 A.3d 370, 376 (Pa. 2015) (citing id. at 444). In

deciding whether a suspect is in custody, a court must (1) examine the circumstances

surrounding the interrogation and (2) determine whether a reasonable person would have felt that

they were at liberty to terminate the interrogation and leave. Commonwealth v. Yandamuri, 159
A.3d 503, 520 (Pa. 2017) (citing J.D.B. v. North Carolina, 564 U.S. 261, 270 (2011)). An

individual is deemed to be in custody when he is physically denied his freedom of action in any

significant way or is placed in a situation in which he reasonably believes that he freedom of

action or movement is restricted by interrogation. Cruz at 1004 (citing In re K.Q.M, 873 A.2d
752, 755 (Pa. Super. 2005)).

       Suppression of the Petitioner's statement at the hospital was not warranted, as he was not

subject to a custodial interrogation at the time. At trial, Officer Tanya Brown testified that she

responded to a radio call at 3:45 a.m. on the night of the shooting and was asked to check on

gunshot victim Cortez Pryor. N.T. 12/3/2014 at 57. Officer Brown was unable to speak to

Pryor, but encountered the Petitioner outside of the operating room. Id. at 60. There, Officer

Brown asked the Petitioner if he knew Pryor, and the Petitioner responded that they were

cousins. Id. The Petitioner further volunteered that that be and Pryor drove along Market Street,

whereupon Pryor suffered a gunshot wound to the face. Id. at 60, 66. The Petitioner explained

                                                                                                     5
that he flagged down the driver of a green minivan, who transported them to emergency care.

Id.; Commonwealth Exhibit C-27.

       The Petitioner does not allege that he was significantly deprived of his freedom of action

at any time during his conversation with Officer Brown. After speaking to the Petitioner, Officer

Brown informed him that he needed to give a statement as a potential witness. Id. at 69. Officer

Brown never handcuffed the Petitioner, and he did not make an attempt to leave the hospital at

any time during his correspondence with Officer Brown. Id. Petitioner fails to prove that he

was arrested or legally detained at the time of his statement.

       The facts of the instant case are comparable to those found in Yandamuri. In Yandamuri,

the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania held that an appellant was not in custody for Miranda

purposes when police officers questioned the appellant at a casino and later at the police station.

In that matter, the appellant was removed from a casino table and escorted to a private hallway,

where he was questioned by to police detectives about a murder and kidnapping. Then the

appellant voluntarily agreed to accompany officers to the police station, where he provided

incriminating videotaped and written statements. Yandamuri, 159 A.3d at 509. The Supreme

Court held that the appellant was not subject to custodial interrogation at either the casino or in

the police station, has his presence was voluntary. Therefore, suppression was unwarranted.

        In the instant matter, the Petitioner spoke to Officer Brown in a public hallway, and

voluntarily described his self-serving version of the shooting. Since the Petitioner was not

subject to a custodial interrogation, trial counsel had no basis to file a motion to suppress. At the

end of his discussion with Officer Brown, the Petitioner voluntarily accompanied officers to the

Police Administration Building. Unlike the appellant in Yandamuri, the Petitioner did not

provide a statement at the Police Administration Building, beyond expressing that he no longer

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wished to talk to the police. Police officers honored bis request, did not take a statement from

him, and did not seek to admit any evidence concerning the Petitioner's alleged statement. There

was no statement taken at the Police Administration Building for the Petitioner to suppress. The

claims have no merit.

       The Petitioner further fails to demonstrate that police detectives took a written statement

from him at the Police Administration Building. At trial, Detective Marano testified that after

the Petitioner arrived at the Police Administration Building, he spoke to detectives for a matter of

minutes before refusing to give a formal statement. N.T. 12/3/2014 at 264. This Court did not

admit any written record of the Petitioner's verbal interviews as evidence. The Petitioner's

claims are without merit.

       The Petitioner argues that he was entitled to a Kloiber instruction on the grounds that

eyewitness Sheila Williams was intoxicated at the time of her observation, she did not know the

witness, and failed to identify the Petitioner on a prior occasion when shown a photo array. A

petitioner is entitled to a Kloiber instruction warning the jury that testimony is to be received

with caution if a witness: (1) was not in a position to clearly observe or positively identify the

Petitioner; (2) equivocated on the identification; or (3) failed to identify the Petitioner previously.

Commonwealth v. Johnson, 139 A.3d 1257, 1281 (Pa. 2016) (citing Commonwealth v. Ali, 10
A.3d 282, 303 (Pa. 2010)). The instruction alerting the jury that a witness might be physically

incapable of making a reliable observation is distinct from the credibility determination a fact-

finder must make. Commonwealth v. Collins, 70 A.3d 1245, 1255 (Pa. Super. 2013).

        The Petitioner is not entitled to relief, as his contention that Wil1iams previously failed to

identify him via photo array is contradicted by the record. On April 2, 2013, Williams gave a

statement to police detectives and identified co-defendant Cortez Pryor via photo array.

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Williams was not provided a photo array containing the Petitioner's image. On May 2, 2013,

Williams agreed to provide a second statement lo police detectives and identified the Petitioner

via a photo array. Nothing in the record indicates that Williams failed to identify or

misidentified the Petitioner during the April 2, 2013 or May 2, 2013 interviews.

        Moreover, the Petitioner's claim that WilJiams was intoxicated at the time of the shooting

relates to the credibility of her testimony, not her physical ability to observe and identify him as a

shooter. See Commonwealth v. Smith, 70 A.3d 1245, 1255-1256 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citing

Commonwealth v. Paolello, 665 A.2d 439, 455 (Pa. 1995)) (where a challenge relates to the

credibility of an eyewitnesses testimony, such as a witness' intoxication, a Kloiber instruction is

not required). The fact that Williams was not acquainted with the Petitioner similarly speaks to

her credibility, and the claim must fail on similar grounds.

       Ultimately, this Court provided the jury with the following standard instruction regarding

witness credibility:

                    You must consider and weigh the testimony of each witness and
               give it such weight as in your judgment it is fairly entitled to receive.
               The matter of the credibility of the witness, that is, whether the
               testimony is believable and accurate in whole or in part is solely for
               your determination. I am going to mention some of the factors which
               might bear on that determination: Whether the witness has any
               interest in the outcome of the case or has friendship or animosity
               toward other persons concerned in the case; the behavior of the
               witness on the witness stand; the witness' demeanor; the witness'
               manner of testifying and whether the witness shows any bias or
               prejudice which might color that testimony; the accuracy of the
               witness' memory and recollection; the witness' ability and
               opportunity to acquire knowledge of or to observe the matters
               concerning which the witness testifies; the consistency or
               inconsistency of the witness' testimony as well as its reasonableness
               or unreasonableness in light of all of the evidence in this case.
                   If you conclude that one of the witnesses testified falsely and did
               so intentionally about any fact which is necessary to your decision
               in this case, then for that reason alone, you may, if you wish,
               disregard everything that the witness said. However, you are not

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               required to disregard everything that the witness said for this reason.
               It is entirely possible that the witness testified falsely and
               intentionally so in one respect, but truthfully about everything else.
               If you find that lo be the situation, then you may accept that part of
               the testimony which you find to be truthful and which you believe,
               and you may reject that part which you find to be false and not
               worthy of belief.

N.T. 12/4/2014 at 91-93. Trial counsel had no basis to request an additional instruction.

       For the foregoing reasons, the petition is hereby DISMISSED. The Petitioner is hereby

notified that he has thirty (30) days from the date of this Order and Opinion to file an appeal with

the Superior Court.

                                                             DY THE COURT

                                                             Barbara A. McDermott, J.

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