Court Opinion

ID: 4699809
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-06-30 07:05:22.061048+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:06:05.809200
License: Public Domain

FIRST DIVISION
                                BARNES, P. J.,
                            GOBEIL and MARKLE, JJ.

                    NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                    physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                    days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                               https://www.gaappeals.us/rules

                    DEADLINES ARE NO LONGER TOLLED IN THIS
                    COURT. ALL FILINGS MUST BE SUBMITTED WITHIN
                    THE TIMES SET BY OUR COURT RULES.

                                                                      June 24, 2021

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A21A0098. HUMPHRIES v. WEEKLY.

      MARKLE, Judge.

      After Chandler Humphries was involved in a motor vehicle accident with Sean

P. Weekly, Humphries filed suit against Weekly for personal injuries he sustained as

a result of the collision. When Humphries was unable to perfect service of the suit on

Weekly, the trial court denied his motion for service by publication, and dismissed

the action. Humphries now appeals, arguing that the trial court erred by (1) applying

the wrong standard in denying his motion for service by publication; and (2)

dismissing the action with prejudice for failure to perfect service of process, despite

evidence that the statute of limitation on Humphries’s claim had been tolled. For the

reasons that follow, we vacate the trial court’s order, and remand the case with

direction for the trial court to apply the proper standard and make findings of fact and
conclusions of law under the applicable standard with this respect to its denial of the

motion for service by publication, and to reconsider the motion to dismiss after

applying the proper standard to the service issue.

      We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for service by publication
      and associated dismissal of a complaint for an abuse of discretion. When
      a question of law is at issue, such as whether the statute of limitation
      bars an action, we owe no deference to the trial court’s ruling and apply
      the plain legal error standard of review.

(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Smith v. Brooks, 354 Ga. App. 78, 79 (840 SE2d

156) (2020); see also Cascade Parc Property Owners Assn. v. Clark, 336 Ga. App.

94, 95 (783 SE2d 692) (2016).

      On August 4, 2017, Humphries was waiting to make a left turn off the highway

when Weekly rear-ended him, running him off the roadway and causing Humphries

severe injuries. Humphries filed a complaint for personal injuries against Weekly on

February 1, 2019. The record shows that the sheriff attempted, but failed, to serve the

complaint on Weekly in March 2019, at an address in Rockdale County. Thereafter,

in May 2019, Humphries filed a motion to appoint a special process server, which the

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trial court granted. In the meantime, Humphries perfected service on Weekly’s

uninsured motorist (UM) carrier.1

      Weekly filed a special appearance answer in the case, admitting to causing the

accident, but denying the allegations as to his residence, and asserting defenses

including insufficient service of process, and laches. Weekly then filed a motion to

dismiss for failure to perfect service of process, alleging that the statute of limitation

had run under OCGA § 9-3-99 on October 12, 2019. when Weekly’s traffic citation

for the accident was resolved by bond forefeiture. Humphries opposed the motion to

dismiss, arguing that the statute of limitation had been tolled under OCGA § 9-3-94

because Weekly was concealing himself and evading service of process, and he

moved the trial court for service by publication pursuant to OCGA § 33-7-11 based

on information that Weekly could not be located in, or had left, the state, and was

concealing himself. Humphries attached to his motion for service by publication

affidavits and other evidence, illustrating his attempts to perfect service on Weekly.

      The affidavits show that in April 2019, Humphries contacted Weekly’s parents,

who indicated Weekly was working out of town and living in Florida, but they

      1
        The record shows that the UM carrier filed an answer, defenses, and a cross-
claim, and opposed Humphries’s motion for service by publication, but it is not a
party to the appeal.

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refused to provide Weekly’s address. In June 2019, Humphries’s counsel requested

that Weekly’s counsel acknowledge service, which counsel declined, and she further

refused to provide Weekly’s address. Humphries’s counsel averred that he had

spoken to Weekly directly and informed him of his efforts to serve him. Weekly

acknowledged that he knew of the lawsuit and indicated that he was working between

Florida and New York, but he refused to offer an address where he could be served.

      The record further reflects that Humphries made several attempts to perfect

service on Weekly at different addresses in the state using various service methods,

including having the Rockdale sheriff’s department attempt service at the last known

address, employing a court-appointed special process server and a private investigator

who conducted a skip trace, all of which were unsuccessful. Humphries attempted

service on two addresses associated with Weekly, but was told by the current

residents that Weekly did not live there. Humphries also made several attempts to

serve Weekly at his brother’s house, but no one would answer the door. In November

2019, the claims manager for Weekly’s insurance carrier refused to provide

information on Weekly’s whereabouts, stating “I am confident you are not going to

find my guy.”

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      Following a hearing, the trial court summarily denied Humphries’s motion for

service by publication and granted Weekly’s motion to dismiss the case. Humphries

moved for reconsideration, which the trial court also denied.2 Humphries now

appeals.

      1. Humphries first argues that the trial court abused its discretion in denying

his motion for service by publication because it applied the wrong legal standard of

due diligence when it failed to consider whether Weekly could not be found within

or had departed the state, or was concealing himself to avoid service. Because we

cannot determine which standard the trial court applied in its ruling, we must vacate

the trial court’s order, and remand this case with direction to make appropriate factual

findings and legal conclusions under the applicable standard.

      OCGA § 33-7-11 (e) provides,

      [i]n cases where the owner or operator of any vehicle causing injury or
      damage is known and either or both are named as defendants in any
      action for such injury or damages but the person resides out of the state,
      has departed from the state, cannot after due diligence be found within

      2
        The trial court ruled on Humphries’s motion for reconsideration after he filed
his notice of appeal below. Hence, the trial court was without jurisdiction to rule on
the motion for reconsideration, and thus we vacate that order, and the appeal is
properly before this Court. See Mughni v. Beyond Mgmt. Group, Inc., 349 Ga. App.
398, 402 (3) (825 SE2d 829) (2019).

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      the state, or conceals himself to avoid the service of summons, and this
      fact shall appear by affidavit to the satisfaction of the judge of the court,
      and it shall appear either by affidavit or by a verified complaint on file
      that a claim exists against the owner or driver in respect to whom service
      is to be made and that he is a necessary or proper party to the action, the
      judge may grant an order that the service be made on the owner or driver
      by the publication of summons.

See Smith, 354 Ga. App. at 80 (1); see also OCGA § 9-11-4 (f) (1) (A). “[T]he correct

legal standard for due diligence for service by publication under OCGA § 33-7-11 (e)

is diligence in determining that an uninsured motorist is either out of state or avoiding

service.” Smith, 354 Ga. App. at 81 (1); see also Luca v. State Farm Mut. Automobile

Ins. Co., 281 Ga. App. 658, 660 (1) (637 SE2d 86) (2006). As we have explained, the

standard is not simply diligence in attempting service. Smith, 354 Ga. App. at 81 (1).

      Here, the evidence clearly shows that Humphries made several attempts,

through the sheriff’s department, a court-appointed process server, and a private

investigator, to serve Weekly at different addresses within the state, but to no avail,

and that Weekly was out of state and apparently evading service. However, because

the trial court’s order denying Humphries’s motion for service by publication did not

provide the legal or factual basis for doing so, we cannot determine what standard the

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trial court applied.3 See Smith, 354 Ga. App. at 80 (1); see also Luca, 281 Ga. App.

at 660 (1). Accordingly, we vacate the trial court’s order and remand this case with

direction to the trial court to make appropriate factual findings and legal conclusions

under the applicable standard. Doxey v. Crissey, No. A21A0203, __ Ga. App. __ (__

SE2d __), 2021 WL 2373720, at * 4 (2021) (physical precedent only).

       2. Humphries next argues that the trial court erred in dismissing his action with

prejudice for failure to perfect service where the evidence showed that the statute of

limitation had been tolled under OCGA § 9-3-94 because Weekly was actively

evading service.

       Generally, pursuant to OCGA § 9-3-33, “[e]xcept as otherwise provided in this

article, actions for injuries to the person shall be brought within two years after the

right of action accrues. . .” Under OCGA § 9-3-94, however, that period is tolled

during a defendant’s absence from the state until he returns.

       Here, the accident occurred in August 2017, Humphries filed his complaint in

February 2019, and he first attempted service the following month. Ordinarily, the

statute of limitation would have run on the case in August 2019. In his motion to

       3
       In its order, the trial court specifically indicated that it considered the motions,
responses, and the oral arguments presented at the hearing.

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dismiss, Weekly asserted that the statute of limitation ran under OCGA § 9-3-99 on

October 12, 2019, when his traffic citation was resolved by bond forefeiture, and he

argues on appeal that the tolling provisions under OCGA § 9-3-94 do not apply under

the facts of this case. Humphries, however, disputes this claim, asserting instead that

the statute of limitation was tolled under OCGA § 9-3-94 due to Weekly’s act of

leaving the state, and thus actively concealing himself in order to evade service.

      Again, as with its denial of the motion for service by publication, because the

trial court did not provide the legal or factual basis for its conclusions, we can not

determine the trial court’s basis for dismissing the action.4 As such, we must vacate

the trial court’s order on this ground as well, and remand the case to the trial court.

      Accordingly, we vacate the trial court’s order, and remand the case with

direction for the trial court to apply the proper standard and make findings of fact and

conclusions of law under the applicable standard with this respect to its denial of the

      4
        It is likely that the trial court dismissed Humphries’s complaint because he
did not serve Weekly prior to expiration of the statute of limitations. However, we
cannot make that determination based on the trial court’s order here. Notably, in
Smith, we found that the grant of the motion to dismiss based on the trial court’s use
of an incorrect legal standard in denying the motion for service by publication
constituted plain legal error. Smith, 354 Ga. App. at 82 (2).

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motion for service by publication, and to reconsider the motion to dismiss after

applying the proper standard to the service issue. Doxey, No. A21A0203, __ Ga. App.

__ at __, 2021 WL 2373720, at * 4.

      Judgment vacated, and case remanded with direction. Barnes, P. J., and

Gobeil, J., concur.

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