Court Opinion

ID: 5122019
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-10-29 14:06:12.745976+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:22:25.759607
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: OCTOBER 22, 2021; 10:00 A.M.
                          TO BE PUBLISHED

                Commonwealth of Kentucky
                           Court of Appeals

                              NO. 2020-CA-1357-MR

ROBERT E. JAMES                                                      APPELLANT

                  APPEAL FROM BOYD CIRCUIT COURT
v.              HONORABLE GEORGE W. DAVIS, III, JUDGE
                       ACTION NO. 13-CI-01100

KIMBERLY B. JAMES (NOW WOODS);
AND KENTUCKY FARMERS BANK                                             APPELLEES

                                   OPINION
                              AFFIRMING IN PART,
                              REVERSING IN PART,
                               AND REMANDING

                                   ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: ACREE, COMBS, AND MAZE, JUDGES.

MAZE, JUDGE: Robert E. James (Robert) appeals from post-decree orders of the

Boyd Circuit Court in matters relating to the dissolution of his marriage to

Kimberly B. James, now Kimberly Woods (Kimberly). The trial court entered

these orders as part of a sale of the parties’ real property following remand from a
prior opinion of this Court. Robert first argues that the trial judge improperly

denied his motion to recuse. However, he fails to direct this Court to any properly

supported motion or the order denying the motion. Therefore, that issue is not

properly presented on appeal.

             Robert next argues that the trial court erred by holding that the sale

proceeds were subject to a mortgage issued to Kimberly following entry of the

decree. We conclude that the trial court acted within its jurisdiction when it

allowed the mortgage holder to intervene to assert a claim to the sale proceeds.

Furthermore, the trial court did not err in finding that the mortgage holder was

entitled to priority in the sale proceeds. However, we further conclude that the trial

court erred by failing to charge Kimberly for the deduction of a non-marital debt

out of the sale proceeds. Lastly, we conclude that the trial court did not clearly err

in its calculation of the other credits to which Kimberly was entitled. Hence, we

affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for a recalculation and reallocation of

the sale proceeds due to Robert and Kimberly respectively.

             The relevant facts of this appeal are as follows. Robert and Kimberly

were married in 1987 and separated in 2013. Kimberly filed a petition for

dissolution of the marriage on December 23, 2013. The disputed issues concerned

custody and support of their then-minor child, and division of marital property and

                                          -2-
debt. The trial court assigned the issues to a Domestic Relations Commissioner

(DRC) for a hearing.

             Following the hearing, the DRC issued a Report and

Recommendation. In pertinent part, the DRC recommended that the marital

residence be sold with the marital debts paid off from the proceeds and the

remaining proceeds divided equally between the parties. The parties each filed

objections to the report. On September 3, 2014, the trial court overruled most of

the objections.

             Thereafter, on September 17, 2014, the trial court entered a decree

dissolving the marriage and setting out the disposition of marital property and

debts. The decree incorporated the DRC’s recommendation regarding the marital

residence, setting out as follows:

             It is hereby ordered that the parties[’] marital residence
             shall be sold and after a reduction for the costs associated
             with the sale of the house the net proceeds shall first be
             applied to the payment of the parties[’] credit card debt
             and/or other marital indebtedness and the remainder if
             any shall be divided equally between [Kimberly] and
             [Robert].

             Neither party sought to modify the decree or filed a notice of appeal.

The parties continued to have other disputes regarding custody and visitation

which are not relevant to this appeal. In addition, the parties could not reach an

agreement regarding the listing and sale of the marital residence. On October 21,

                                         -3-
2014, Robert filed a motion, which, among other things, asked the trial court to set

conditions for the listing and sale of the marital residence from the judgment.

             The trial court entered an order on November 12, 2014, directing

Kimberly to cooperate in the preparation and the signing of a listing agreement to

facilitate the offering of the marital residence for sale. On January 20, 2015, the

trial court entered an amended order directing the parties as follows:

             the parties shall agree on an appraiser to value the marital
             residence at [Kimberly’s] expense. The appraisal shall
             take place within ten (10) days. [Kimberly] shall then
             within twenty (20) days tender to [Robert] an amount
             equal to half of said value. If the parties are unable to
             agree upon an appraiser, the Court shall appoint one.

             The parties eventually agreed on an appraisal of the property by

Prichard Realty. Prichard Realty’s report appraised the property at $39,580.

Robert disputed that appraisal and the trial court resubmitted the matter to the

DRC. The DRC directed the parties to submit additional appraisals, which varied

from between $18,000 to $55,000.

             After additional proceedings, Kimberly filed a motion asking the trial

court to value the property at $28,000. She further requested that the trial court

allow her to purchase Robert’s share for $14,000, to allow her to present proof of

her payments on the marital debt, and to deduct one-half that amount from the

gross purchase price for Robert’s share of the residence. In response, Robert

                                         -4-
argued that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to amend the decree. However, he

also requested that he be allowed to purchase the property.

                On November 20, 2015, the court entered an order permitting

Kimberly to purchase the residence for $28,000. The court directed Kimberly to

pay $14,000 into escrow as consideration for Robert’s share. After additional

proceedings, the trial court entered an order on June 13, 2016, directing Robert to

sign a quitclaim deed to convey his interest in the property to Kimberly. The order

specifically noted that the quitclaim deed was necessary for Kimberly to obtain a

loan to finance her purchase of the property.

                Robert then appealed from this order. This Court vacated the trial

court’s order, concluding that it lacked jurisdiction to modify the decree in the

absence of a proper motion pursuant to CR1 60.02. James v. James, No. 2016-CA-

000993-MR, 2017 WL 6188409, at *2 (Ky. App. Dec. 8, 2017). This Court

remanded the matter to the trial court “with instructions to enforce the decree as

entered.” Id. at *1.

                While that appeal was pending, Kimberly recorded the quitclaim deed

from Robert. Kimberly also obtained a mortgage from Kentucky Farmers Bank

1
    Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.

                                           -5-
(KFB). She used some of the proceeds to pay off the marital credit cards and

deposited the rest into escrow.

             Following the remand from this Court, Robert filed a motion

requesting the sale of the property by the Master Commissioner. Kimberly filed a

motion requesting a credit of $16,942.12 for the monies paid toward the marital

debt, and of $9,108.35 representing the remaining proceeds from the KFB

mortgage.

             To protect its interest, KFB filed a motion for leave to intervene,

which was granted on October 1, 2019. KFB’s intervening complaint requested a

declaratory judgment that it had a valid mortgage lien and that the lien be

determined to have priority over all other liens or debts. Shortly after the filing of

the intervening complaint, KFB moved for summary judgment. The trial court

granted KFB’s motion on October 21, 2019. The court concluded that KFB

properly relied upon the quitclaim deed executed by Robert. Consequently, the

court found that KFB’s mortgage is a lien on the property free and clear of any

interest by Robert. Finally, the court directed that any order of sale be subject to

KFB’s mortgage. The trial court designated this order as final and appealable

pursuant to CR 54.02.

             Robert filed a CR 59.05 motion objecting to the inclusion of the

finality language. However, he conceded that KFB’s interest was valid and should

                                          -6-
have priority in the sale proceeds. The trial court denied the motion on November

13, 2019. In a separate order entered the same day, the trial court ordered the

property sold by the Master Commissioner. The order further directed the Master

Commissioner to hold the proceeds of the sale pending further order of the court.

              The property was sold at Master Commissioner’s Sale on January 3,

2020 for a purchase price of $39,000.2 Robert did not file any objections to the

sale, but he objected to payment of KFB’s attorney fees from his portion of the sale

proceeds. Robert also took the position that the mortgage debt and the associated

attorney fees claimed by KFB were solely Kimberly’s non-marital debt.

              On July 10, 2020, the trial court entered an order directing the Master

Commissioner to pay out the proceeds from the sale as follows:

              Kentucky Farmers Bank                                $20,244.77
              Master Commissioner Sale Fee                          $1,170.00
              Master Commissioner Report Fee                           $50.00
              Master Commissioner Deed Fee                             $50.00
              Master Commissioner Expenses                             $56.30
              C. Stone – Appraisal Fee                               $150.00
              B. Prichard Appraisal – Appraisal Fee                  $150.00
              Ashland Daily Independent                              $642.60
              Kimberly Woods                                        $8,243.16
              Robert E. James                                       $4,125.67
              KFB Attorney Fee                                      $4,117.50

2
  The Commissioner reported that Robert Mitchell Woods was the purchaser of the property at
the sale. Robert notes that Woods is Kimberly’s brother, but he does not object to the sale.

                                             -7-
             Robert filed a motion to reconsider this order of distribution. He

noted that the prior Court of Appeals decision directed that only the debts of the

parties set out in the decree could be deducted from the sale proceeds. Contrary to

his prior concession, Robert also argued that the property should be sold subject to

KFB’s mortgage indebtedness. For the same reasons, Robert objected to payment

of KFB’s attorney fees from the proceeds of the sale. Finally, Robert argued that

the court improperly credited Kimberly for payment of a credit card debt which

was still outstanding.

             Following a hearing, the trial court denied Robert’s motion to

reconsider. In pertinent part, the court stated, “the issues [Robert] raised were

addressed upon appeal and upon subsequent [o]rder of the [c]ourt following the

Appellate Court’s direction which was not appealed and is now the law of the

case.” Robert now appeals.

             As an initial matter, Robert argues that the trial judge should have

recused himself due to alleged bias and ex parte communication. We find no basis

for questioning the impartiality of the trial judge. The asserted belief that a judge

will not afford a fair and impartial trial must be based upon substantial facts as set

forth in a supporting affidavit. See Abbott, Inc. v. Guirguis, 626 S.W.3d 475, 481

(Ky. 2021), reh’g denied (Jun. 17, 2021).

                                          -8-
                We find no indication that Robert filed an affidavit supporting his

motion to recuse. Id. at 481-82 (citing KRS3 26A.020(1)). In any event, Robert

fails to identify either where in the record he filed the motion or the order denying

his motion to recuse. In the absence of a properly supported motion or

preservation of the issue, we decline to address the issue further.

                Kimberly also argues that Robert’s brief fails substantially to comply

with the appellate rules. His statement of the case includes a rough chronological

summary of the facts and procedural events in the trial court with citations to the

trial court record. CR 76.12(4)(c)(iv). However, his brief fails to include any

citations to legal authority pertinent to the issues presented on appeal or any

references to the record showing that these issues were preserved for review. CR

76.12(4)(c)(v). It is not the task of an appellate court to construct arguments for

parties, Smith v. Smith, 235 S.W.3d 1, 5 (Ky. App. 2006), or to determine how an

issue is preserved for review. Phelps v. Louisville Water Co., 103 S.W.3d 46, 53

(Ky. 2003). This Court has held that “[a]ssertions of error devoid of any

controlling authority do not merit relief[,]” and so we may summarily affirm a trial

court if an appellant’s brief fails to comply with CR 76.12. Koester v. Koester, 569

3
    Kentucky Revised Statutes.

                                           -9-
S.W.3d 412, 414 (Ky. App. 2019). See also Clark v. Workman, 604 S.W.3d 616

(Ky. App. 2020).

             Despite Robert’s failure to comply with the appellate rules, we are

still constrained to address several of the issues to the extent they are affected by

the law of the case. Where an appellate court has passed on a legal question and

remanded the case to the court below for further proceedings, the legal

determinations may not be revisited on a subsequent appeal in the same case.

Inman v. Inman, 648 S.W.2d 847, 849 (Ky. 1982). The trial court must strictly

follow the mandate set out in the prior appellate decision. Id. In a subsequent

appeal following remand, this Court’s role is limited to whether the trial court

properly construed and applied the mandate. Id.

             In the prior appeal, this Court held that the trial court lacked

jurisdiction to modify the provisions of the decree except under the provisions of

CR 60.02. Since no such motion had been filed, this Court vacated the trial court’s

June 13, 2016, order with specific directions to sell the marital property and to

divide the proceeds of the sale as set forth in the September 17, 2014, decree. The

existence of KFB’s mortgage on the property was a complicating factor in the trial

court’s task on remand.

             Robert argues that KFB should be responsible for the mortgage and

charges associated with the litigation. However, he does not argue that the trial

                                         -10-
court abused its discretion by granting KFB’s motion to intervene. See CR 24.01.

See also Hazel Enterprises, LLC v. Cmty. Fin. Servs. Bank, 382 S.W.3d 65, 68

(Ky. App. 2012). We conclude that KFB’s intervening complaint invoked the trial

court’s jurisdiction for the matters relating to the Master Commissioner’s Sale.

Consequently, the trial court acted within its jurisdiction when it addressed KFB’s

claims relating to the mortgage on the marital property.

             The trial court also concluded that KFB’s mortgage and litigation

costs would have priority from the sale proceeds. Robert did not file a notice of

appeal from these orders, which the trial court designated as final and appealable

prior to the sale. Furthermore, Robert presents no legal or factual basis which

would allow this Court to find these determinations to be clearly erroneous.

Indeed, we agree with the trial court that KFB was entitled to rely on the recorded

quitclaim deed, particularly because it had no notice of the pending appeal.

Therefore, we must affirm the trial court’s orders with respect to KFB’s claims to

the sale proceeds.

             Robert next argues that the trial court failed to properly allocate the

sale proceeds between him and Kimberly. In this matter, we agree. KFB’s

mortgage on the marital property is clearly a non-marital debt, since Kimberly

encumbered the property following the entry of the decree. In so doing, Kimberly

acted in reasonable reliance upon the trial court’s November 20, 2015 and June 13,

                                         -11-
2016 orders. On the other hand, Robert had no part in incurring that new debt, and

he promptly appealed the trial court’s order permitting Kimberly to purchase and

encumber the property.

             As noted above, KFB’s intervening complaint properly invoked the

trial court’s jurisdiction to consider its claims arising from the mortgage.

However, neither Robert nor Kimberly filed CR 60.02 motions to address the

collateral effects of those claims on the prior adjudications in the decree. Thus, the

trial court was obligated to strictly comply with the mandate of this Court’s

opinion to the extent possible. Buckley v. Wilson, 177 S.W.3d 778, 781 (Ky.

2005). In light of this Court’s prior opinion, any claims between Robert and

Kimberly arising after the entry of the decree were outside the scope of remand.

             Therefore, we conclude that the trial court erred in its allocation of the

sale proceeds after satisfaction of KFB’s claims. Of course, the costs associated

with the Commissioner’s Sale would have been incurred had the property been

sold as directed in the decree. And the decree directed that any marital debts were

to be paid from the sale proceeds. As a result, the trial court properly credited

Kimberly for payment of those marital debts from the mortgage proceeds.

             However, the trial court must treat KFB’s mortgage and the associated

litigation costs as Kimberly’s non-marital debt in any allocation of those proceeds.

Those amounts must be deducted from Kimberly’s share of the remaining sale

                                         -12-
proceeds. Any other result would allow Kimberly to modify the decree in

contravention of this Court’s mandate.

             On the other hand, we must emphasize that the only issue before the

trial court on this remand concerns the allocation of the proceeds from the

Commissioner’s Sale. As we have noted, neither party has sought to re-open the

decree to address the collateral effects of the mortgage. Consequently, any

potential deficiency in the allocation of the proceeds is beyond the scope of the

order of remand.

             Finally, Robert takes issue with the trial court’s calculation of the

credit due to Kimberly for her payment of the marital debts from the mortgage

proceeds. He contends that there was no evidence that Kimberly actually paid a

CitiBank/Steelworker’s credit card debt with a balance of approximately $6,900.

However, he presents no evidence that the trial court’s calculation of the credit due

to Kimberly was clearly erroneous. Therefore, we decline to address the matter

further.

             Accordingly, the order of the Boyd Circuit Court is affirmed in part,

reversed in part, and remanded with directions to allocate the sale proceeds

between Robert and Kimberly as set forth in this Opinion.

             ALL CONCUR.

                                         -13-
BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT:       BRIEF FOR APPELLEE KIMBERLY
                            B. WOODS:
Charles L. Douglas, Jr.
Greenup, Kentucky           Tracy D. Frye
                            Russell, Kentucky

                            BRIEF FOR APPELLEE
                            KENTUCKY FARMERS BANK:

                            Philip Q. Ratliff
                            Ashland, Kentucky

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