Court Opinion

ID: 1041041
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-09-17 22:06:14.268308+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:20:34.338563
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                                        r
                                                                                            1        S
                                                                                                         APP

                                                                                      2013ZP17 AM8 9
                                                                                                   :?
    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHI
                                                                                                   1 aSN!     TO
                                         DIVISION II                                  BY
                                                                                              DE         iY
STATE OF WASHINGTON,                                          No. 42441 0 II
                                                                        - -

                              Respondent,
                                                            UNPUBLISHED OPINION
       V.

SHERRI A.BOSESKI,

        BJORGEN, J. —Sherri A.Boseski appeals the trial court's denial of her motion to

withdraw her guilty plea as untimely. Boseski argues that her motion was not time barred

because: (1) judgment and sentence was invalid, 2)
           her                                  ( equitable tolling applies, and (3)she

presents new evidence. On the merits, she argues that her plea was not knowing, intelligent, and

voluntary because: (1) lacked factual basis, 2) did not plead guilty to the elements of the
                      it                     ( she

offense, 3) lacked competency at arraignment, and (4) received ineffective assistance of
         ( she                                       she

counsel. Additionally, in her statement of additional grounds, Boseski argues that ( ) court
                                                                                   1 the

never arraigned her on the amended charges; 2)
                                            ( police violated her rights by attempting to enter

her home without a search warrant; 3)
                                   ( after her imprisonment, she was illegally tased, tackled,

and refused medical care; 4)
                          ( authorities illegally held her on a military base; 5) court
                                                                               ( the

ordered that she take any medically prescribed medications, including antipsychotic medication,

which interfered with her rights to a fair trial; and (6) court denied her a public defender,
                                                         the

which interfered with her right to a fair trial. Finding that her motion is time barred, we affirm

the trial court.
No. 42441 0 II
          - -

                                               FACTS

                                      1. UNDERLYING ASSAULT

       Responding to a domestic dispute report, police knocked several times on Boseski's

apartment door. In response, Boseski yelled, F] *
                                             "[ ck you, get a warrant."Clerk's Papers (CP)

at 270. The police officers were concerned about possible domestic violence and instructed her

to come to the door. Boseski refused, announcing, If anyone comes in,someone's going to
                                                  "

die!"
    CP of 267.

       After several more minutes of knocking, Boseski came to the door with a gun in her

hand,positioned across her stomach and pointed in the direction of one of the officers. Police

used a taser gun on Boseski and she fell over, dropping her gun. Boseski resisted the police

officers' efforts to bring her to a patrol car, attempting to kick the officers. Eventually, they

carried her to the patrol car and transported her to jail.

                                       II.PROCEDURAL FACTS

        The trial court found probable cause for a charge of first degree assault and also ordered

that Boseski receive a " afe- be atlarge evaluation"based on concerns for her mental health.
                       s    to - - -

Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP)Jan. 8,2009)at 7. The State charged Boseski with
                                     (

second degree assault with a deadly weapon and third degree assault on a law enforcement

officer. Boseski entered a not guilty plea to both counts. In an amended information, the State

s
    RCW 9A. 6.
        c):
        021(
           1)(
           3
        1)A person is guilty of assault in the second degree if he or she, under
        circumstances not amounting to assault in the first degree:

        c)Assaults another with a deadly weapon.

2 RCW 9A. 6.
      g).
      031(
         1)(
         3
                                                   2
No. 42441 0 II
          - -

added a firearm enhancement to the second degree assault charge.

           Boseski made a plea bargain with the State. Her statement on the plea read,

           I   charged with Assault
               am                          2&   Assault 3. The elements      In [the] state of
                                                                          are:

           Washington, intentionally       assaulted another & intentionally assaulted a law
           enforcement officer while performing their official duties.

CP at 49. Her statement also acknowledged that she pleaded guilty to " ount I -Assault II"
                                                                     c                    and

count II-
        Assault III in the amended information."CP at 55.

           In exchange for her plea, the State removed the firearm enhancement and, in a second

amended information, re-
                       alleged the charges for second degree assault with a deadly weapon and

third degree assault on a law enforcement officer. When Boseski entered her guilty plea, the

court asked if she understood that second degree assault is a strike offense, informed her of the

maximum sentence range for each charge, informed her of the State's sentencing

recommendations, and Boseski affirmed that she understood. The trial court read her factual

statement into the record:

           I intentionally assaulted a person and inflicted reckless substantial bodily harm. I
           also intentionally assaulted a police officer who was performing his official duties
           at the time of the assault. [

VRP ( une 22, 2009)at 6.
    J

           On July 9,2009, the court sentenced Boseski to 10 months for second degree assault and

8 months for third degree assault, with the sentences running concurrently. Boseski's judgment

and sentence informed her in writing that she had one year to move to withdraw her guilty plea,

but the trial court did not verbally inform her of that fact.

3
    This                        a) 03 I ( g).
           language mirrors RCW 9A. 6. RCW 9A. 6. 1)(
                                021( and
                                   1)(
                                   3         3
No. 42441 0 II
          - -

       Two years after receiving her sentence, Boseski moved to withdraw her guilty plea. She

argued that her claim was not time barred because she did not mention a deadly weapon in her

guilty plea statement and that, therefore, her judgment and sentence was invalid on its face.

Boseski told the court that she did not know that she could move to withdraw her plea and she

did not review her judgment and sentence. The trial court rejected her argument, finding that the

judgment and sentence was valid on its face and that Boseski's motion was time barred. The

trial court denied Boseski's reconsideration motion. Boseski appeals.

                                               ANALYSIS

                                              I. TIMELINESS

       Boseski argues that her motion was not time barred because: (1) trial court failed to
                                                                     the

advise her that she could collaterally attack, making her judgment and sentence invalid, 2)
                                                                                         (

equitable tolling applies, and (3) presents new evidence. The State responds that Boseski's
                                  she

collateral attack is time barred because ( ) judgment is valid on its face, 2)
                                         1 her                              ( equitable tolling

does not apply, and (3) does not meet the standard for new evidence. The State is correct.
                       she

A.     Standard of Review

       We review the trial court's decision to deny a motion to withdraw a guilty plea for abuse

of discretion. State v. A. .168 Wn. d 91, 106, 225 P. d 956 (2010). "` trial court abuses its
                        J., 2
                         N                          3             A

discretion when it bases its decisions   on   untenable   or   unreasonable   grounds. "' State v. Martinez,

161 Wn. App. 436, 440, 253 P. d 445, review denied, 172 Wn. d 1011 259 P. d 1109 (2011)
                            3                             2             3

quoting State v. Pierce, 155 Wn. App. 701, 710, 230 P. d 237 (2010)).
                                                     3

                                                     11
No. 42441 041
          -

B.      Judgment And Sentence Valid On Its Face

        Under RCW 10. 3 0904 Boseski could move to withdraw her guilty plea on any ground
                    7 .

within one year from the time her judgment became final. After that one year period, the plea
                                                                        -

could be withdrawn only if the judgment were invalid on its face or were rendered by a court

without jurisdiction, RCW 10. 3. if one or more of six specific grounds listed in RCW
                          090(
                             1 or
                             7 ),

10. 3.100 were present.
  7

        Generally, the judgment and sentence is invalid for purposes of RCW 10. 3.when the
                                                                            090
                                                                              7

trial court imposes an unlawful sentence, unauthorized by statute. In re Pers. Restraint ofCoats,

173 Wn. d 123, 135, 267 P. d 324 (2011).Examples of a sentence unauthorized by statute
      2                  3

include: ( ) sentence exceeding the statutory maximum, 2) sentence for a nonexistent crime,
         1a                                            ( a

and (3) sentence that included a washed out prior offense. Coats, 173 Wn. d at 135 36.
       a                                                                2          -

         Although we will look beyond the judgment and sentence's four corners, we limit our

review to only the documents that reveal facially validity. Coats, 173 Wn. d at 138 39.
                                                                         2          -

Consequently, we may review, among other documents, charging documents, verdicts, and a

defendant's guilty plea statement in order to determine whether a judgment and sentence is valid

4
    RCW 10. 3.provides, in relevant part:
        090
          7
         1) petition or motion for collateral attack on a judgment and sentence in a
             No
         criminal case may be filed more than one year after the judgment becomes final if
         the judgment and sentence is valid on its face and was rendered by a court of
         competent jurisdiction.
         2)For the purposes of this section, "collateral attack" means any form of
         postconviction relief other than a direct appeal. "Collateral attack" includes, but
         is not limited to, a personal restraint petition, a habeas corpus petition, a motion to
         vacate judgment, a motion to withdraw guilty plea, a motion for a new trial, and a
         motion to arrest judgment.

                                                   5
No. 42441 0 II
          - -

on its face. Coats, 173 Wn. d at 140. However, we will not examine documents related to the
                          2

fairness of a trial, such as jury instructions or trial motions. Coats, 173 Wn. d at 140.
                                                                              2

       Although we will examine a plea statement to evaluate a claim that a judgment and

sentence is riot valid on its face, we will not examine the judgment and sentence to determine

whether the plea was voluntary. Coats, 173 Wn. d at 142. An involuntary plea does not render
                                             2

a judgment and sentence facially invalid. Coats, 173 Wn. d at 141. In In re Pers. Restraint of
                                                       2

Hemenway, 147 Wn. d 529, 531, 55 P. d 615 (2002), one informed the defendant that a
                2                 3             no

consequence of his guilty plea was mandatory community placement. Nevertheless, our

Supreme Court rejected his argument that the judgment and sentence was facially invalid, despite

acknowledging that had he timely raised that challenge in a personal restraint petition, he likely

would have prevailed. Coats, 173 Wn. d at 141 (citing Hemenway, 147 Wn. d at 533).Stated
                                   2                                  2

another way, an invalid plea agreement cannot on its own overcome the one year time bar or
             "

render an otherwise valid judgment and sentence invalid." re Pers. Restraint ofMcKiearnan,
                                                         In

165 Wn. d 777, 782, 203 P. d 375 (2009).
      2                  3

        Boseski relies on State v. Golden, 112 Wn. App. 68, 78,47 P. d 587 (2002), argue that
                                                                   3             to

the trial court failed to advise her, either " n writing or orally, of the one year time limit in which
                                             i                                 -

to collaterally attack the sentence."Br. of Appellant at 12. She is correct that Golden does hold

that RCW 10. 3. limit is conditioned on compliance with RCW 10. 3.and
         s)'
         090(
            1
            7 time                                          110
                                                              7
that, therefore, the trial court has a duty to advise a defendant of the one year time limit when it
                                                                             -

5
    RCW 10. 3.
        110:
          7
        At the time judgment and sentence is pronounced in a criminal case, the court
        shall advise the defendant of the time limit specified in RCW 10. 3. and
                                                                      090  7
        100.
        10. 3.
          7

                                                   n
No. 42441 0 II
          - -

pronounces judgment and sentence. Golden, 112 Wn. App. at 78. In Golden, however, there

was " o record of Mr. Golden having been informed about the rights and restrictions of chapter
    n

10. 3 RCW."
  7        Golden, 112 Wn. App. at 78. In contrast, Boseski's judgment and sentence

expressly informed her of the one year time limit to move to withdraw her guilty plea. Written
                                  -

notice in the judgment and sentence satisfies RCW 10. 3.
                                                  110'
                                                     s requirement that the court advise
                                                     7

the defendant of the one year time limit. State v. Robinson, 104 Wn. App. 657, 664, 17 P. d 653
                         -                                                              3

2001).Boseski received that notice.

       Further, Golden did not base its timeliness holding on RCW 10. 3. Rather, Golden
                                                                  110.
                                                                    7

held that the defendant met the timeliness threshold because the juvenile court never held a

capacity hearing or entered capacity findings, and,thus, failed to establish jurisdiction over

Golden; therefore, the 1992 disposition was invalid on its face. Golden, 112 Wn. App. at 76, 72.

Here,the trial court had jurisdiction and nothing about the trial court's sentence is unlawful or

unsupported by statute; specifically, the trial court imposed 10 months for second degree assault

and 8 months for third degree assault, with the sentences running concurrently. See Coats, 173

Wn. d at 135 36. Under Coats and Golden, the judgment and sentence are valid on their face.
  2          -

                                     II. EQUITABLE TOLLING

       Boseski argues that equitable tolling prevents application of RCW 10. 3. year
                                                                         090'
                                                                            s one -
                                                                            7

time bar. The State responds that her equitable tolling argument is without merit because that

remedy applies in only the narrowest of circumstances. We agree with the State.

        Equitable tolling is a remedy that permits a court to allow an action to proceed when

justice requires it,even though a statutory time period has elapsed."In re Pers. Restraint of

Bonds, 165 Wn. d 135, 141, 196 P. d 672 (2008).We are, however, " eluctant to apply
             2                  3                               r

                                                  7
No. 42441 0 II
          - -

exceptions to legislative time limits."
                                      Bonds, 165 Wn. d at 143. Justice generally requires
                                                   2

equitable tolling in cases involving another's bad faith, deception, or false assurances. Bonds,

165 Wn. d at 144. Our Supreme Court has also recognized that equitable tolling is available
      2

under the " ctual innocence doctrine,"
          a                          which does not require bad faith or other malfeasance. In

re Pers. Restraint Carter, 172 Wn. d 917, 929, 263 P. d 1241 (2011).Nonetheless, it
                                 2                  3

recognized that actual innocence only allows equitable tolling in "he narrowest of
                                                                  t

circumstances" and only " here justice requires."Carter, 172 Wn. d at 929.
                        w                                      2

       Here, Boseski's judgment and sentence included written notice of the one year time limit
                                                                                -

to move to withdraw her guilty plea. As noted above, under Robinson notice of the one year
                                                                                      -

limit in the judgment and sentence satisfies the notice requirement of RCW 10. 3.
                                                                           110.
                                                                             7

Robinson, 104 Wn. App. at 664. Boseski argues that the trial court did not verbally advise her of

the time limit and that she never had the opportunity to read her judgment and sentence. The

record, though, shows that Boseski received a copy of her judgment and sentence and suggests

nothing that prevented her from reading it. More significantly, there is no evidence of

malfeasance on anyone's part. Boseski has not demonstrated that her motion was untimely

because of another's deception or due to another circumstance of the sort approved in Bonds and

Carter. Therefore, equitable tolling does not apply.

                                     III. ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE

        Boseski also argues that her motion was not time barred because she discovered new

evidence as provided by RCW 10. 3. The State responds that the exception does not apply
                            100.
                              7

because her proffered evidence does not meet the statutory requirements for newly discovered
evidence.   Again, we   agree with the State.
No. 42441 0 II
          - -

       RCW 10. 3.
           100(
              1 provides that the one year time limit does not apply when the
              7 )                     -

petitioner bases a motion on "[ ewly discovered evidence, if the defendant acted with
                             n]

reasonable diligence in discovering the evidence and filing the petition or motion."Under this

rule, the defendant must show that the evidence:

       1) probably change the result of the trial; 2) discovered since the trial;
        will                                       ( was
       3)could not have been discovered before trial by the exercise of due diligence;
       4) material; and ( ) not merely cumulative or impeaching.
         is              5 is

In re Pers. Restraint ofLord, 123 Wn. d 296, 319 20,868 P. d 835 (1994)quoting State v.
                                    2            -       2              (

Williams, 96 Wn. d 215, 223, 634 P. d 868 (1981)) (
               2                  2             emphasis omitted).

       Boseski argues that her motion is not time barred based on the new evidence from a fire

department incident report. That report includes the text, P Exam,vs,Pt transported via TPD
                                                           " /     /

to SPH."CP at 135. With minimal elaboration, Boseski appears to argue that the report

indicates the police took her to the hospital rather than to jail. In contrast, the police report stated

that police transported Boseski to jail. Boseski argues that this is material evidence because it

reveals inconsistencies between the reports from the police department and the fire department.

        Here,the fire department's report potentially impeaches the police officer's report. But

Boseski's own declarations support the police officers' report that she did not go to the hospital

that night. Thus, it is unclear how this potential impeachment is significant. Boseski does not
address the five Williams prongs; nor does she appear to meet the first, fourth, or fifth of them.

We therefore, reject her " ew evidence"argument.
                         n

        Because we reject Boseski's arguments that her motion avoided the time bar, we do not

consider the merits of her motion to withdraw her guilty plea.

                                                   9
No. 42441 0 II
          - -

                          IV. STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL GROUNDS (SAG)

         In addition to arguments made by her attorney, Boseski further argues in her SAG that

1) court never arraigned her on the amended charges; 2)
  the                                                ( police violated her rights by

attempting to enter her home without a search warrant; 3)
                                                       ( police illegally tased and tackled her

while making the arrest and then illegally refused her medical care; 4)
                                                                     ( authorities illegally held

her on the military base; 5) court ordered that she take any medically prescribed
                          ( the

medications, including antipsychotic medication, which also interfered with her rights to a fair

trial;and (6) court denied her a public defender, which interfered with her right to a fair trial.
            the
         We do not address these claims on the merits for a number of reasons. First, Boseski has

waived her claims (1) the State did not rearraign her on the amended charges, 2) police
                     that                                                     ( that

attempted to enter her home without a warrant, 3) the trial court ordered her to take
                                               ( that

prescribed medications, and ( ) the trial court denied her a public defender. As held above,
                            4 that

her attempt to withdraw her    guilty plea   is time   barred, and the plea stands. "` [A]voluntary plea

of guilty waives all defenses other than that the complaint, information, or indictment charges no

offense. This includes the   right to   trial and the incidents thereof. "'   State v. Wilson, 25 Wn. App.

891, 895, 611 P. d 1312 (1980)quoting Woods v. Rhay, 68 Wn. d 601, 606 07,414 P. d 601
               2               (                          2            -       2

1966)).
     Thus,these claims are waived.

         We cannot review her claims that after her imprisonment, she was illegally tased, tackled,

refused medical care, and held on the military base, because they rely on information outside the

6
    RAP 10. 0(
        a).
          1
7
    Boseski does not challenge the trial court's finding that as an army captain she is not indigent.
                                                        10
No. 42441 0 II
          - -

record. A   personal   restraint   petition   is the   appropriate   means   to raise such issues. 8   State v.

McFarland, 127 Wn. d 322, 338, 899 P. d 1251 (1995).
                 2                  2

         We affirm the trial court.

         A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW

040,
2.6.it is so ordered.
 0

                                                                 oR    Q.
117-

8
    Boseski's SAG contains a portion labeled Personal Restraint Petition. As stated in the letter of
June 14, 2002 from the clerk of this court, we will not consider this as a personal restraint
petition, because such a petition is subject to a different set of rules in the RAP. Boseski may
file a personal restraint petition if consistent with the proper rules.
                                                            11