Court Opinion

ID: 6112530
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-25 21:00:46.91105+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:54:24.787190
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JAN 25 2022
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No.    21-10120

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                2:18-cr-01420-SPL-2
 v.

BRANDON TREVOR BALL,                            MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant-Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Arizona
                   Steven Paul Logan, District Judge, Presiding

                           Submitted January 11, 2022**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: GOULD, BENNETT, and R. NELSON, Circuit Judges.

      Brandon Ball appeals the denial of his compassionate release motion. A court

may reduce a sentence, after considering the sentencing factors in 18 U.S.C.

§ 3553(a), if it finds that extraordinary and compelling reasons warrant a reduction.

18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i). Ball argues the court misapplied this standard. We

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.

      Ball “organized telemarketing rooms . . . where interstate telephone calls were

placed purporting to offer an investment opportunity. The calls targeted senior

citizens.” A magistrate judge detained Ball pretrial, noting in part that his “repeated

and significant gambling . . . demonstrates that [he] is not a stable individual.” Ball

pleaded guilty to one count of Mail Fraud in Connection with Telemarketing, 18

U.S.C. § 1341.1

      Ball filed a motion for compassionate release under 18 U.S.C.

§ 3582(c)(1)(A)(i). Ball is morbidly obese, which the CDC recognized creates a

higher risk for severe COVID-19 infection. The government agreed that as a result,

Ball “demonstrated an ‘extraordinary and compelling reason’ making him eligible

for compassionate release.” The government conceded that Ball “meets the requisite

threshold condition for the Court to apply its discretion and weigh danger and the

sentencing factors.”

      The government argued that Ball’s “remote history . . . presents a more than

de minimis level of physical danger,” and that Ball presents an economic danger

based on “the very recent and multi-year felonious activity” of the instant offense.

Ball argued that 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A) does not require a dangerousness

1
  Ball was sentenced to sixty months in prison and ordered to pay $2,704,325.00 in
restitution. His scheduled release date is January 28, 2023.

                                          2
analysis under 18 U.S.C. § 3142(g). He also argued that because he has not received

any disciplinary infractions while incarcerated, and because his offense was non-

violent, he does not pose a danger to the community.

      The district court applied a four-factor test created to determine, in the bail

hearing context, whether to grant temporary pretrial release under 18 U.S.C.

§ 3142(i) during the pandemic. Courts evaluate “the original grounds for . . . pretrial

detention;” “the specificity of the . . . COVID-19 concerns;” “the extent to which the

proposed release plan is tailored to mitigate or exacerbate other COVID-19 risks to

the defendant;” and “the likelihood that the defendant’s proposed release would

increase COVID-19 risks to others.” United States v. Steinbart, No. CR-20-004850-

01-PHX-SPL, 2020 WL 7123027, at *3 (D. Ariz. Dec. 4, 2020) (quoting United

States v. Terrone, 454 F. Supp. 3d 1009, 1022 (D. Nev. 2020)). The district court

found that “[b]ecause [Ball] has already contracted the COVID-19 virus, he is

unlikely to contract or spread COVID-19 again, at least any time soon,” and that

Ball “has not shown a susceptibility to COVID-19 reinfection.” The court also found

that Ball “is a danger to the community” based on the instant offense, his prior false

reporting conviction, his gambling addiction, and his “history generally.”

“Weighing the fact that [Ball] is an economic danger to the community together with

the fact that he has not shown a susceptibility to COVID-19 reinfection,” the court

did not find an extraordinary and compelling reason to grant compassionate release.

                                          3
      This court reviews “§ 3582(c)(1) sentence reduction decisions for abuse of

discretion.” United States v. Aruda, 993 F.3d 797, 799 (9th Cir. 2021). “A district

court may abuse its discretion if it does not apply the correct law or of it rests its

decision on a clearly erroneous finding of material fact.” Id. (quoting United States

v. Dunn, 728 F.3d 1151, 1155 (9th Cir. 2013)).

      The district court abused its discretion by applying an incorrect legal standard.

See Bateman v. U.S. Postal Serv., 231 F.3d 1220, 1224 (9th Cir. 2000) (finding that

the district court “abused its discretion by omitting the correct legal standard

altogether”). The four-factor test governs the temporary release of a person whose

“pretrial detention was warranted on the grounds that no condition or combination

of conditions would reasonably assure defendant is not a flight risk and/or not pose

a risk of harm to others.” Terrone, 454 F. Supp. 3d at 1022. The test does not apply

to a motion for the modification of a sentence.

      But as the government argued, the district court’s dangerousness finding

makes the court’s error harmless.2 See United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 734

(1993) (noting that an error “must have affected the outcome of the district court

proceedings”).    “[D]anger [to the community] may, at least in some cases,

2
  Because we find the dangerousness analysis sufficient for denying compassionate
release, we do not reach the other alleged abuses of discretion regarding the district
court’s conflation of the two steps of 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i), or its findings on
COVID-19 reinfection.

                                          4
encompass pecuniary or economic harm.” United States v. Reynolds, 956 F.2d 192,

192 (9th Cir. 1992). Though the court did not “mention[] ‘§ 3553(a),’ it may be

clear from the court’s experience and consideration of the record that the factors

were properly taken into account.” United States v. Trujillo, 713 F.3d 1003, 1009

(9th Cir. 2013). The court noted its receipt of the parties’ filings, which discussed

§ 3553(a). See United States v. Carty, 520 F.3d 984, 992–93 (9th Cir. 2008) (en

banc). The court stated that Ball “is serving a 60-month sentence [for] leading a

telemarketing operation that defrauded elderly consumers of over a million dollars.”

This reference considers “the nature and circumstances of the offense,” 18 U.S.C.

§ 3553(a)(1), “the need for the sentence imposed . . . to reflect the seriousness of the

offense, to promote respect for the law, and to provide just punishment for the

offense,” id. § 3553(a)(2)(A), and “the need for the sentence imposed . . . to afford

adequate deterrence to criminal conduct,” id. § 3553(a)(2)(B). The court explicitly

considered Ball’s “history and characteristics,” id. § 3553(a)(1), noting Ball “has a

prior false reporting conviction and has an admitted gambling addiction.”

Considering Ball’s charges and history, the court found him “a danger to the

community,” reflecting “the need for the sentence imposed . . . to protect the public

from further crimes of the defendant,” id. § 3553(a)(2)(C).

      AFFIRMED.

                                           5