Court Opinion

ID: 9364939
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-01-20 18:02:13.315269+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:15:41.489334
License: Public Domain

Filed 1/20/23 Agajanian v. County of Orange CA4/3

                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

                IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                DIVISION THREE

 JONATHAN SCOTT AGAJANIAN,

      Plaintiff and Appellant,                                           G061076

           v.                                                            (Super. Ct. No. 30-2020-01161869)

 COUNTY OF ORANGE,                                                       OPI NION

      Defendant and Respondent.

                   Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of Orange County, Melissa
R. McCormick, Judge. Affirmed.
                   Jonathan Scott Agajanian, in pro. per., for Plaintiff and Appellant.
                   Collins + Collins, Michael L. Wroniak, Aaron L. Britton and James
C. Jardin for Defendant and Respondent.
              Appellant Jonathan Scott Agajanian sued the County of Orange (the
County) for alleged civil rights violations stemming from his prosecution for possession
of illegal drug paraphernalia. The basis for Agajanian’s lawsuit was that the subject
paraphernalia was not booked into evidence at the sheriff’s department until 10 days after
he pleaded guilty to possessing it. However, the trial court dismissed Agajanian’s case at
the demurrer stage of the proceedings on the ground he failed to amend his complaint to
allege a viable cause of action after he was granted leave to do so. As he did in the trial
court, Agajanian is representing himself on appeal. He contends the dismissal was
improper, but we disagree and affirm the trial court’s ruling.
                  FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
              According to Agajanian’s lawsuit, he was arrested and taken into custody
on January 10, 2018, for unlawfully possessing drug paraphernalia. (See Health & Saf.
Code, § 11364.) At his arraignment, he pleaded guilty to that offense and was sentenced
to 90 days in jail. He was in custody for about six weeks before being released on
February 25, 2018.
              Roughly two years later, Agajanian received a letter from the District
Attorney’s Conviction Integrity Unit (CIU) informing him the paraphernalia he pleaded
guilty to possessing was not booked into evidence at the sheriff’s department until
January 22, 2018, ten days after he entered his guilty plea. The letter advised Agajanian
this circumstance “does not necessarily mean [the paraphernalia] was booked late, the
deputy involved violated any policy or the evidence booking issue, if any, was relevant or
material” to his case. However, Agajanian was told to contact the CIU if he believed his
due process rights may have been impacted by the timing of events in his case.
              Agajanian took up the invitation, and in response to his concerns, an
attorney in the CIU notified him that she would be asking the court to permit him to
withdraw his guilty plea and to dismiss the case. However, even though those remedies

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were implemented, Agajanian still felt aggrieved, so he filed a lawsuit against the
County, the sheriff, and 10 unnamed deputies.
                  The linchpin of Agajanian’s first amended complaint was that the County
improperly withheld exculpatory information from him before he entered his guilty plea.
Relying on Brady v. Maryland (1963) 373 U.S. 83 (Brady), Agajanian claimed he had a
right to know the paraphernalia he allegedly possessed unlawfully had not been booked
into evidence at that time. And, if he had been so informed, he would not have pled
guilty, and he would not have had to spend six weeks in jail. Instead, he would have filed
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a motion to dismiss and avoided a conviction altogether.
                  As reflected in his first cause of action, Agajanian asserted the County’s
Brady violation infringed his civil rights under the state and federal Constitutions,
including the right to due process. The remaining causes of action in the complaint were
derivative in nature. Alleging the County’s Brady violation rendered him unable to enter
a knowing and intelligent plea and caused him to be illegally confined, Agajanian alleged
causes of action for lack of informed consent, false imprisonment, assault and battery,
and intentional infliction of emotional distress. He also claimed the County’s
transgression of his civil rights was so blatant it violated the Tom Bane Civil Rights Act
(Bane Act). (See Civ. Code, § 52.1 [creating a private cause of action against any
defendant who interferes, by threats, intimidation, or coercion, with the plaintiff’s legal
rights].) Agajanian sought $1 million in compensatory damages, and punitive damages in
the amount of $2 million.

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                   In making this claim, Agajanian overlooks the fact the paraphernalia was not actually lost but
apparently just booked into evidence in an untimely manner. However, since his case was decided at the demurrer
stage, we will not question the merits of his claims. (Stueve Bros. Farms, LLC v. Berger Kahn (2013) 222
Cal.App.4th 303, 310 [a demurrer “‘challenges only the legal sufficiency of the complaint, not the truth of its factual
allegations or the plaintiff’s ability to prove those allegations’”].)

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              In response to the County’s demurrer, Agajanian conceded he did not plead
sufficient facts to support his claim under the Bane Act. He also agreed to dismiss the
sheriff from his lawsuit.
              After hearing argument on the matter, the trial court sustained without leave
to amend the County’s demurrer to Agajanian’s civil rights claims in his first cause of
action. As to the remaining causes of action, the court sustained the demurrer with 20
days leave to amend.
              In his second amended complaint, Agajanian did not include any of the
causes of action the trial court had granted him permission to amend. Instead, he alleged
a single cause of action under Brady for alleged violations of his civil rights under the
state and federal Constitutions. In all material respects, this claim mirrored the first cause
of action set forth in Agajanian’s previous complaint.
              In styling his second amended complaint this way, Agajanian made it clear
his Brady-related civil rights claim was the centerpiece of his lawsuit, and there was no
independent basis for his other causes of action. In fact, after the County moved to strike
the complaint, Agajanian doubled down on his civil rights claim, arguing the trial court
had erred by previously sustaining the County’s demurrer to that cause of action.
Stressing the importance of prosecutorial fairness, Agajanian insisted he had alleged a
proper claim against the County for violating his civil rights.
              The trial court disagreed. It found Agajanian’s civil rights claim
procedurally problematic because the County’s demurrer to that cause of action had
previously been sustained without leave to amend. Furthermore, to the extent Agajanian
was seeking reconsideration of that ruling, the court determined the request was untimely
and without merit. And because Agajanian did not allege any of the previous causes of
action the court had granted him leave to amend, there was nothing left to decide.
Therefore, the court struck Agajanian’s second amended complaint and dismissed his
lawsuit.

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                                      DISCUSSION
                                              I
              In challenging the dismissal order, Agajanian focuses on the trial court’s
decision to sustain without leave to amend the County’s demurrer to the first cause of
action in his first amended complaint. Agajanian contends that decision was erroneous
because he alleged a viable civil rights claim based on the County’s failure to comply
with Brady in his underlying criminal case. We cannot agree.
              On appeal from a judgment dismissing an action at the demurrer stage, we
assume the truth of the factual allegations set forth in the complaint, but we do not
assume the truth of contentions, deductions or conclusions of law. (McAllister v. Los
Angeles Unified School Dist. (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1198, 1206.) Exercising de novo
review, we must determine whether the complaint states a cause of action as a matter of
law. (Villafana v. County of San Diego (2020) 57 Cal.App.5th 1012, 1016.) “[I]f the
defendant negates any essential element, we will affirm the order sustaining the demurrer
as to the cause of action. [Citation.]” (Martin v. Bridgeport Community Assn., Inc.
(2009) 173 Cal.App.4th 1024, 1031.)
              Before examining whether Agajanian alleged a viable claim for a violation
of his civil rights, we first take up the County’s contention regarding the manner in which
Agajanian asserted that claim below. Because its demurrer to that claim was sustained
without leave to amend, the County asserts it was improper for Agajanian to amend that
claim in his second amended complaint. But there was no amendment. Agajanian did
not substantively alter his civil rights claim when he included it in his second amended
complaint. Rather, as the trial court recognized below, he simply realleged it as part of
an effort to convince the court that its ruling on the County’s original demurrer was
incorrect. Although that was not the proper method for Agajanian to seek reconsideration
of the court’s ruling, it does not preclude him from challenging that ruling on appeal.
(See National Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, PA v. Cambridge Integrated Services

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Group, Inc. (2009) 171 Cal.App.4th 35, 44 [in reviewing the propriety of a civil
judgment, the appellate court may generally review any intermediate order, ruling or
decision which pertains to the merits of the judgment].) Therefore, we will proceed to
the merits of that ruling.
               Agajanian’s position on the merits is simple: Since his underlying criminal
conviction was dismissed due to Brady concerns stemming from the prosecution’s failure
to disclose potentially exculpatory evidence prior to his guilty plea, he should have the
right to sue the County for the harm he suffered because of that failure. Unfortunately for
Agajanian, the law is not that simple.
               Pursuant to section 1983 of title 42 of the United States Code (§ 1983),
municipalities and local governments are subject to suit for violating the federal civil
rights of their citizens. (Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services (1978) 436
U.S. 658, 690.) But “a local government may not be sued under § 1983 for an injury
inflicted solely by its employees or agents. Instead, it is when execution of a
government’s policy or custom, whether made by its lawmakers or by those whose edicts
or acts may fairly be said to represent official policy, inflicts the injury that the
government as an entity is responsible under § 1983.” (Id. at p. 694.)
               Thus, to make out a valid claim pursuant to § 1983, the plaintiff must allege
specific facts showing the existence of a municipal policy or custom that proximately
resulted in the deprivation of his or her civil rights. (Dougherty v. City of Covina (9th
Cir. 2011) 654 F.3d 892, 900.) The policy or custom must be “so persistent and
widespread as to practically have the force of law. [Citations.]” (Connick v. Thompson
(2011) 563 U.S. 51, 61 [deeming evidence of a single Brady violation insufficient to
sustain a § 1983 claim].)
               Reviewing Agajanian’s pleadings in this case, it is clear he failed to satisfy
the policy or custom requirement. He did allege the persons involved in violating his
Brady rights engaged in conduct that was intentional, purposeful and unlawful. But he

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did not allege the violation of which he complained was “persistent and widespread.” He
did not allege the county’s agents were acting pursuant to any policy or custom, let alone
one that essentially had the full force and effect of law. Therefore, he failed to state a
valid cause of action against the county for violating his federal civil rights. (Kreutzer v.
County of San Diego (1984) 153 Cal.App.3d 62, 70.)
              Agajanian also alleged that, by failing to comply with Brady, the County
violated his state civil rights. In particular, Agajanian alleged that failure infringed his
state constitutional rights to due process, to privacy, to speak freely and associate with
others, and to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. (See Cal. Const., Art. 1,
§§ 1, 2, 3, 7 & 13.) These infringements were not pleaded as independent and unrelated
violations. Rather, Agajanian alleged he was convicted in violation of due process by
virtue of the County’s Brady violation, and on account of that transgression, he was
unable to exercise his other constitutional rights because he was in jail.
              However, there is no right to monetary damages for a violation of the due
process clause of the California Constitution. (Katzberg v. Regents of University of
California (2002) 29 Cal.4th 300, 326; City of Simi Valley v. Superior Court (2003) 111
Cal.App.4th 1077, 1084.) And since Agajanian’s remaining constitutional claims were
dependent on the viability of his due process claim, it follows that those claims are also
not compensable. Thus, Agajanian has not only failed to allege a valid claim for a
violation of his federal civil rights, he has also failed to allege a valid claim for a
violation of his state civil rights. That being the case, the trial court properly sustained
the County’s demurrer to the first cause of action in his complaint.
                                               II
               Harkening back to his criminal case, Agajanian also complains the
prosecutor failed to offer him the opportunity to participate in a diversion program as a
way to avoid criminal prosecution. (See Pen. Code, § 1000.) He attributes this failure to
a bias against criminal defendants who proceed in propria persona. But, according to

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Agajanian’s lawsuit, he was represented by a public defender at his arraignment when he
entered his guilty plea. He’s in no position to accuse the prosecution of being unfair to
pro per defendants.
              Beyond that, Agajanian did not mention the diversion issue whatsoever in
his civil lawsuit. Therefore, regardless of whether or not he had an attorney in his
criminal proceedings, the issue is not an appropriate basis for impugning the trial court’s
rulings in this case. (See generally Knickerbocker v. City of Stockton (1988) 199
Cal.App.3d 235, 239, fn. 2 [in the context of a demurrer, the legal sufficiency of a
complaint is judged solely by the pleadings and matters judicially noticeable, not other
extrinsic materials or allegations].)
                                        DISPOSITION
              The judgment is affirmed. The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal.

                                                 BEDSWORTH, ACTING P. J.

WE CONCUR:

MOORE, J.

MOTOIKE, J.

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