Court Opinion

ID: 4688285
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-05-19 20:00:49.364574+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:04:46.925580
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAY 19 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ELOY MENDOZA-GONZALEZ,                          No.    19-72677

                Petitioner,                     Agency No. A098-297-280

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                          Submitted February 10, 2021**
                            San Francisco, California

Before: CHRISTEN and BADE, Circuit Judges, and FEINERMAN,*** District
Judge.

      Eloy Mendoza-Gonzalez, a citizen of Mexico who identifies as indigenous,

petitions for review of a Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) decision that adopted

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Gary Feinerman, United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Illinois, sitting by designation.
and affirmed an Immigration Judge (IJ) order denying his application for

withholding of removal under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) and that

dismissed his appeal. “We review constitutional claims and questions of law de

novo and review factual findings under the deferential substantial evidence standard,

treating them as conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled

to conclude to the contrary.” Lopez-Cardona v. Holder, 662 F.3d 1110, 1111 (9th

Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks omitted). Because the BIA adopted the IJ’s

reasoning and conclusions, we review “both decisions and treat the IJ’s reasons as

those of the BIA.” Gutierrez v. Holder, 662 F.3d 1083, 1086 (9th Cir. 2011). We

have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and deny the petition.

      1. Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s and BIA’s conclusions that the

government met its burden to show, by a preponderance of the evidence, a

“fundamental change in circumstances” rebutting the presumption that Mendoza-

Gonzalez will face future persecution in Mexico on account of his indigenous status.

See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b)(1)(i)(A).

      First, at the time the IJ ruled on Mendoza-Gonzalez’s withholding

application, fifteen years had elapsed since police officers had beaten him in Oaxaca,

Mexico, where he is from, and there is no evidence in the record to suggest that those

officers have any continuing interest in him. See Belayneh v. INS, 213 F.3d 488,

                                          2
491 (9th Cir. 2000) (upholding the denial of the petitioner’s withholding application,

and relying on the passage of twenty-five years since she had been persecuted);

Prasad v. INS, 47 F.3d 336, 339 (9th Cir. 1995) (upholding the denial of the

petitioner’s withholding application, and stressing that there was no evidence that

his persecutors had any continuing interest in him).

      Second, Mendoza-Gonzalez returned to Oaxaca within a year of the beating

and remained there with his indigenous wife for several months, suffering no harm.

See Boer-Sedano v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 1082, 1091 (9th Cir. 2005) (noting that

return trips to the petitioner’s country of origin can support a finding that the

presumption of a well-founded fear of persecution has been rebutted).

      Third, the country conditions evidence in the record—including a 2018 report

on indigenous human rights in Mexico—does not compel the conclusion that

Mendoza-Gonzalez will more likely than not suffer future persecution on account of

his indigenous status. As the IJ observed, the report focuses on violence against

indigenous journalists and activists, and Mendoza-Gonzalez is neither. Moreover,

the IJ properly gave weight to the report’s finding that the Mexican government has

taken steps to protect indigenous persons, while acknowledging the report’s

assertion that such persons continue to face discrimination and violence. See

Gonzalez–Hernandez v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 995, 1000 (9th Cir. 2003) (“[W]here the

                                          3
BIA rationally construes an ambiguous or somewhat contradictory country report

and provides an individualized analysis of how changed conditions will affect the

specific petitioner’s situation, substantial evidence will support the agency

determination.”) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

      2. The BIA correctly determined that the IJ’s exclusion of testimony from

Mendoza-Gonzalez’s psychological expert did not deny him due process. “To

prevail on a due process challenge,” an applicant for withholding of removal “must

show error and substantial prejudice.” Grigoryan v. Barr, 959 F.3d 1233, 1240

(9th Cir. 2020) (quoting Lata v. INS, 204 F.3d 1241, 1246 (9th Cir. 2000)).

Mendoza-Gonzalez has demonstrated neither. Excluding the expert’s testimony

was not an error because the IJ fully credited the expert’s written report. And

Mendoza-Gonzalez did not suffer any prejudice because there is no evidence in the

record to suggest that the testimony—which pertained only to the genuineness of

Mendoza-Gonzalez’s fear of returning to Mexico, which the IJ had credited—

could have affected the outcome of his case.

      PETITION DENIED.

                                         4