Court Opinion

ID: 2749001
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-11-07 15:02:41.486825+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:08:57.650511
License: Public Domain

FOR PUBLICATION

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS:                  ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

MARK W. BAEVERSTAD                         DAVID VAN GILDER
ANDREW L. PALMISON                         Van Gilder & Trzynka, P.C.
Rothberg Logan & Warsco LLP                Fort Wayne, Indiana
Fort Wayne, Indiana

KARL L. MULVANEY
JESSICA WHELAN
                                                                 Nov 07 2014, 9:49 am
Bingham Greenebaum Doll LLP
Indianapolis, Indiana

                             IN THE
                   COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

ANONYMOUS PHYSICIAN and                    )
ANONYMOUS MEDICAL GROUP,                   )
                                           )
      Appellants-Defendants,               )
                                           )
             vs.                           )    No. 02A03-1401-CT-1
                                           )
RICHARD LOUCKS ROGERS,                     )
                                           )
      Appellee-Plaintiff.                  )

                   APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT
                       The Honorable Stanley A. Levine, Judge
                           Cause No. 02D01-1212-CT-624

                                 November 7, 2014

                            OPINION - FOR PUBLICATION

ROBB, Judge
                                         Case Summary and Issue

        Richard Rogers, pro se, filed with the Indiana Department of Insurance a proposed

complaint for medical malpractice on March 4, 2011 against Anonymous Physician and

Anonymous Medical Group (collectively, “Physican”). Physician filed in the trial court a

Motion for Preliminary Determination and for Summary Judgment, alleging Rogers’s

complaint was not timely filed under the Indiana Medical Malpractice Act. The trial court

initially granted summary judgment to Physician but later granted Rogers’s motion to

correct error and denied summary judgment. The parties present several issues on appeal,

which we consolidate as the following single issue: whether the trial court erred in denying

summary judgment upon finding that genuine issues of material fact exist as to whether

Rogers timely filed his proposed complaint. Concluding that Rogers’s claim was not

timely filed under the Indiana Medical Malpractice Act and summary judgment for

Physician was appropriate, we reverse.

                                      Facts and Procedural History1

        Rogers was experiencing painless blood in his urine and made his first appointment

with Physician, a licensed urologist, on August 4, 2006. At that appointment, Physician

performed a renal ultrasound which showed several lesions on Rogers’s bladder and

performed a flexible cystoscopy which showed defects on both sides of his bladder walls.

Rogers was diagnosed with bladder cancer less than two weeks later. Physician placed

Rogers on chemotherapy with periodic cystoscopy examinations so the cancer could be

        1
           We held oral argument in this case on October 20, 2014, in Indianapolis, Indiana and would like to thank
the attorneys for their excellent argument.

                                                        2
monitored.       Between August 2006 and January 2009, Physician performed several

cystoscopies on Rogers. Before performing each cystoscopy, Physician always disinfected

the urology equipment with Cidex OPA; he did so without informing Rogers that

manufacturer warnings, Cidex OPA package warnings, and medical literature had all

advised that Cidex OPA was contraindicated for patients with bladder cancer. Rogers

suffered no ill effects from the use of Cidex OPA until March 2008.

         After a cystoscopy on March 10, 2008, Rogers experienced minor itching. Rogers

was treated with Benadryl. On July 14, 2008, Rogers had another cystoscopy and another

allergic reaction ensued. His symptoms worsened—he experienced redness and swelling

in both his face and lips. Rogers was treated with Solu-Medrol and Benadryl at Lutheran

Hospital. On January 7, 2009, Rogers had another cystoscopy performed, followed by his

third allergic reaction. Rogers experienced swelling in his hands and developed a rash, so

Physician prescribed him steroids. Later in the day, however, Rogers went to Dupont

Hospital where he was further treated with intravenous steroids and Benadryl; he was also

admitted for overnight observation.

         On January 22, 2009, Rogers had an appointment with Dr. Mahan Menon

(“Allergist”).2 After an initial consultation with Rogers, Allergist performed a skin test

that confirmed Rogers was allergic to Cidex OPA.                          Allergist informed Rogers and

Physician of the Cidex OPA allergy by letter on March 6, 2009. Although Physician

         2
           Physician and Rogers disagree as to who referred Rogers to Allergist. Physician says he referred Rogers to
Allergist. Rogers says his family practitioner referred him to Allergist.

                                                         3
remained Rogers’s urologist until July 2009, Physician did not use Cidex OPA to disinfect

the urology equipment used on Rogers after the allergy diagnosis.

         Rogers, pro se, filed a proposed complaint with the Indiana Department of Insurance

on March 4, 2011, alleging that the treatment rendered by Physician from August 2006

through July 2009 was negligent and below the appropriate standard of care. Physician

responded by filing a Motion for Preliminary Determination and for Summary Judgment

in the trial court, alleging that Rogers’s claim was barred by the Medical Malpractice Act’s

two-year statute of limitations period. The trial court granted the motion. Rogers filed a

motion to correct error, alleging there was a genuine issue of material fact as to how the

statute of limitations applied. After a hearing, the trial court granted Rogers’s motion to

correct error and denied Physician’s motion for summary judgment. This appeal followed.3

                                           Discussion and Decision

                                            I. Standard of Review

         Physician appeals the trial court’s grant of Rogers’s motion to correct error. It is

well established that we review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to correct error for an

abuse of discretion. Old Utica Sch. Pres., Inc. v. Utica Twp., 7 N.E.3d 327, 330 (Ind. Ct.

         3
            Generally, the denial of summary judgment is an interlocutory order. Hrezo v. City of Lawrenceburg, 934
N.E.2d 1221, 1223 n.2 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans. denied. An appeal from such an order requires the trial court to
certify the order and this court to accept jurisdiction over the appeal. See Ind. Appellate Rule 14(B). In this case,
although the trial court’s order has the effect of denying Physician’s motion for summary judgment, Physician is
actually appealing the grant of Rogers’s motion to correct error. Appellate Rule 2(H) states that a judgment is a final
judgment if “it is a ruling on either a mandatory or permissive Motion to Correct Error . . . .”
          In addition, after Rogers filed his appellee’s brief, Physician filed with this court a Notice of Appellee’s
Cross-Appeal and Alternative Verified Motion for Extension of Time asserting that the Brief of Appellee raises several
new issues and constitutes a cross-appeal, entitling Physician to thirty days to respond. This court accepted the notice,
designated Rogers’s brief a cross-appeal, and set deadlines for the filing of both parties’ reply briefs.

                                                           4
Ohio App. 2014), trans. denied. “An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court’s decision

is contrary to the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it or the reasonable

inferences therefrom.” Id.

       Here, the effect of granting the motion to correct error was to set aside the entry of

summary judgment for Physician. When a trial court’s denial of summary judgment is

challenged on appeal, “our well-settled standard of review is the same as it is for the trial

court: whether there is a genuine issue of material fact, and whether the moving party is

entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Kroger Co. v. Plonski, 930 N.E.2d 1, 4-5 (Ind.

2010); Ind. Trial Rule 56(C). A factual issue is material if it bears on the ultimate resolution

of a relevant issue, and it is genuine if it is incapable of being conclusively foreclosed by

reference to undisputed facts. Simon Prop. Grp., L.P. v. Michigan Sporting Goods

Distribs., Inc., 837 N.E.2d 1058, 1070 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005), trans. denied. The moving

party bears the initial burden of making a prima facie showing that there are no genuine

issues of material fact and it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Manley v. Sherer,

992 N.E.2d 670, 673 (Ind. 2013). If the moving party fails to meet that burden, summary

judgment is improper; if it succeeds, then the non-moving party must come forward with

evidence establishing the existence of a genuine issue of material fact. Id. “All factual

inferences must be construed in favor of the non-moving party, and all doubts as to the

existence of a material issue must be resolved against the moving party.” Plonski, 930
N.E.2d at 5. “If the nonmovant fails to meet his burden, and the law is with the movant,

summary judgment should be granted.” CFS, LLC v. Bank of America, 962 N.E.2d 151,

152 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). On review, although we are limited to the designated evidence

                                               5
that was before the trial court, we are not constrained by the claims or arguments presented

to the trial court, nor the rationale behind the trial court’s ruling. Manley, 992 N.E.2d at

673. The party appealing the summary judgment decision bears the burden of persuading

this court that the trial court’s ruling was improper. Boonville Convalescent Ctr., Inc. v.

Cloverleaf Healthcare Servs., Inc., 790 N.E.2d 549, 555 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied.

                                    II. Summary Judgment

       Physician argues that the Medical Malpractice Act’s statute of limitations, found at

Indiana Code section 34-18-7-1(b), bars Rogers’s claim because the last injury occurred

January 7, 2009, which places Rogers’s proposed complaint—filed on March 4, 2011—

outside of the two-year occurrence-based statute of limitations period. Rogers does not

disagree that the last procedure occurred on January 7, 2009, but argues that the doctrine

of continuing wrong applies, because Physician engaged in an entire course of negligent

conduct from August 2006 through at least March 6, 2009, the day Rogers’s allergy was

discovered. Rogers contends that, at the very least, there is a genuine issue of material fact

as to whether the doctrine of continuing wrong applies which precludes summary

judgment.

                                   A. Statute of Limitations

       The Medical Malpractice Act’s statute of limitations is found in Indiana Code

section 34-18-7-1(b), which provides:

       A claim, whether in contract or tort, may not be brought against a health care
       provider based upon professional services or health care that was provided
       or that should have been provided unless the claim is filed within two (2)
       years after the date of the alleged act, omission, or neglect . . . .

                                              6
This is an occurrence-based statute of limitations, “meaning that an action for medical

malpractice generally must be filed within two years from the date the alleged negligent

act occurred rather than from the date it was discovered.” Houser v. Kaufman, 972 N.E.2d
927, 933 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012) (quotation omitted), trans. denied.

      [I]n determining whether a medical malpractice claim has been commenced
      within the medical malpractice statute of limitations, the discovery or trigger
      date is the point when a claimant either knows of the malpractice and
      resulting injury, or learns of facts that, in the exercise of reasonable diligence,
      should lead to the discovery of the malpractice and the resulting injury. . . .
      The issue to be determined is the point at which a particular claimant either
      knew of the malpractice and resulting injury, or learned of facts that would
      have led a person of reasonable diligence to have discovered the malpractice
      and resulting injury. If this date is less than two years after the occurrence of
      the alleged malpractice, the statute of limitations bars the claim unless it is
      not reasonably possible for the claimant to present the claim in the remaining
      time, in which case the claimant must do so within a reasonable time after
      the discovery or trigger date. If such date is more than two years after the
      occurrence of the malpractice, the claimant has two years within which to
      commence the action.

David v. Kleckner, 9 N.E.3d 147, 152-53 (Ind. 2014) (emphasis added) (citation omitted).

“When a defendant in a medical malpractice action asserts the statute of limitations as an

affirmative defense, the defendant bears the burden of establishing that the action was

commenced outside the statutory period.” Manley, 992 N.E.2d at 674.

                                 B. Physician’s Argument

      Physician designated evidence in support of his motion for summary judgment

establishing that the last procedure he performed on Rogers using Cidex OPA and the last

time Rogers suffered an allergic reaction occurred on January 7, 2009. Physician and

Rogers both acknowledge that the date Rogers learned of the malpractice was March 6,

2009, when Allergist informed both of them by letter that Rogers’s allergic reactions

                                              7
stemmed from Physician’s use of Cidex OPA to disinfect urology equipment used during

Rogers’s cystoscopy procedures.4                  Accordingly, Physician argues that Indiana Code

section 34-18-7-1(b) bars Rogers’s claim because the last injury occurred on January 7,

2009, he discovered the injury within two years of that occurrence, and it was reasonably

possible for him to file his claim within the remaining time.

         Physician argues that the only exception to Rogers’s claim being barred is if after

discovery, “it [wa]s not reasonably possible for the claimant to present the claim within the

remaining time.” See David, 9 N.E.3d at 152-53. Physician argues that Rogers had twenty-

two months to file the claim after discovering it in March 2009, and therefore, the exception

does not apply.

                                               C. Rogers’s Argument

         Rogers argues that the doctrine of continuing wrong applies, or that at least there is

a genuine issue of material fact as to whether it applies, because although he had allergic

reactions to three separate cystoscopies (March 10, 2008; July 14, 2008; and January 7,

2009), the Physician 1) provided treatment below the requisite standard of care from

August 2006 through March 2009; 2) failed to investigate the cause of the allergic

reactions; 3) should have discovered the cause of the allergic reactions sooner by reading

         4
             The trial court found in its order granting Rogers’s motion to correct error that there was a genuine issue
of material fact as to “whether the prior allergic reactions Mr. Rogers suffered following any one of his previous
exposures to Cidex OPA on March 10, 2008, July 14, 2008, or January 7, 2009, would have led a reasonably diligent
person to the discovery of [Physician’s] alleged medical malpractice.” Appellants’ Public Appendix at 13. Physician
does not contend that Rogers should have, in the exercise of reasonable diligence, discovered the malpractice earlier
than March 6, 2009. Moreover, even if there is an issue of fact about whether he knew of facts that should have led
him to this discovery earlier, it is not a material issue of fact. An earlier discovery date would only mean that Rogers’s
complaint should have been filed even earlier than the date Physician argues it should have been filed and would not
preclude summary judgment on these facts.

                                                            8
manufacturer warnings and medical literature that was available; and 4) did not refer

Rogers to an allergist for diagnosis.5 Pointing out that each subsequent use of Cidex OPA

made the ensuing allergic reaction more severe—which was prolonged by Physician’s

failure to diagnose—Rogers argues that Physician’s combined negligence was a continuing

wrong which lasted until Allergist made the diagnosis on March 6, 2009. Thus, he argues

the statute of limitations period did not begin to run until that date.

                          D. Applicability of the Doctrine of Continuing Wrong

         Physician has established that Rogers did not file his complaint until March 4, 2011,

which is outside of the statute of limitations period if the last negligent act occurred January

7, 2009. Rogers argues that the doctrine of continuing wrong saves his claim because

Physician’s negligence continued until March 6, 2009. This, Rogers argues, is the day the

statute of limitations period began to run.

                The doctrine of continuing wrong applies where an entire course of
         conduct combines to produce an injury. When this doctrine attaches, the
         statutory limitations period begins to run at the end of the continuing
         wrongful act. In order to apply the doctrine, the plaintiff must demonstrate
         that the alleged injury-producing conduct was of a continuous nature. The
         doctrine of continuing wrong is not an equitable doctrine; rather, it defines
         when an act, omission, or neglect took place.

Gradus-Pizlo v. Acton, 964 N.E.2d 865, 871 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012) (emphasis added)

(citations omitted). For the doctrine to apply, the physician’s conduct must be more than

a single act. See id.

         5
          As noted in the facts, and acknowledged at oral argument, there is a dispute about whether or not Physician
referred Rogers to Allergist. This does not appear to be a material dispute, however, given the resolution of this issue.

                                                           9
       In Garneau v. Bush, 838 N.E.2d 1134, 1146 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005), trans. denied, we

reversed the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of the doctor pursuant to

Indiana Code section 34-18-7-1(b). The patient in Garneau had her hip replaced on March

17, 1998, with an obsolete prosthesis. Id. at 1138. After the replacement, the patient

experienced pain and dislocated her new prosthesis twice. Id. Instead of recommending

revision, the doctor treated the patient by prescribing pain medication, ordering x-rays,

evaluations, and physical therapy for more than six months before the patient ultimately

had to have a different prosthesis installed on November 8, 1999. Id. at 1139. The patient

filed a complaint for malpractice on August 28, 2000, and the trial court found it untimely

and granted summary judgment to the doctor. Id. On review, we first held that the initial

act of malpractice occurred on March 17, 1998, the day the obsolete prosthesis was

installed. That is the date the statute of limitations would have begun to run if the doctrine

of continuing wrong did not apply.

       However, the patient asserted that the doctrine of continuing wrong should apply,

because the doctor’s negligent treatment was continuous until November 8, 1999, thus

tolling the commencement of the statute of limitations. Id. at 1143-46. We held that under

these facts and circumstances, the patient had established a genuine issue of material fact

as to whether the doctor’s installation of an obsolete prosthesis, followed by continuous

treatment with prescription pain medication and failure to recommend revision at any point

six months or more following the surgery, constituted a continuing wrong. Id. at 1145.

Noting that “a plaintiff may not sit idly by if they discover facts that alert them that they

have a cause of action,” and that the doctrine of continuing wrong only tolls the statute of

                                             10
limitations until such time as the plaintiff learns facts which should lead to the discovery

of the cause of action, we stated that if a jury determined that the doctor’s actions

constituted a continuing wrong, the statute of limitations would have begun to run on

November 8, 1999. Id. Because the patient filed the complaint within two years of that

date, the doctrine of continuing wrong, if applicable, would save the patient’s complaint

from dismissal based on the statute of limitations. Id. Accordingly, summary judgment

was improper because there were genuine issues of material fact about when the statute of

limitations began to run. Id.

       Here, the only conduct Rogers has shown to be continuous—the cystoscopy

procedures over the three year period—were injury-producing on three separate occasions.

This conduct is unlike the injury-producing conduct in Garneau, where the doctor’s

affirmative actions were sufficient to raise a genuine issue of material fact as to whether

all of the physician’s conduct combined produced an injury. Id. at 1143. Rogers has not

shown any continuous conduct by Physician beyond the date of the last injury-producing

cystoscopy—January 7, 2009—that, combined, caused an injury.

       More recently, we refused to apply the doctrine in a case more analogous to the

current one. In Gradus-Pizlo, we reversed a trial court’s denial of summary judgment

because there was no genuine issue of material fact regarding whether the plaintiff’s claim

was untimely pursuant to Indiana Code section 34-18-7-1(b). 964 N.E.2d at 871. The

plaintiff filed a malpractice claim against a doctor on April 1, 2008, claiming the doctor

had prescribed his wife, the patient, medicine on March 12, 2006 that ultimately led to her

death. Id. at 867-68. The patient took the medicine for over two weeks before a high

                                            11
potassium level attributable to the medicine led to cardiac arrest on March 29, 2006, at

which time the medication was discontinued. The patient died on April 12, 2006. Id. The

doctor filed a motion for summary judgment alleging the April 1, 2008 complaint was

untimely.

       To avoid the claim being barred by the statute of limitations, the plaintiff alleged

that the doctor’s “entire course of care” throughout the patient’s hospitalization until the

day of her death resulted in a continuing wrong, claiming the statute of limitations should

be tolled. Id. at 871. Despite the patient’s daily consumption of medicine, we granted

summary judgment to the doctor, holding that the alleged medical malpractice consisted of

a single act—the prescription of medicine—not an entire course of conduct. Id. In

determining when the injury occurred, we did not include the entire period of time that the

patient was under the doctor’s care, nor the two weeks during which the patient continued

to take the medication after the doctor prescribed it. We held the act of malpractice

occurred on March 12, 2006, when the doctor prescribed the medication, and the discovery

date was March 29, 2006, when the patient’s condition brought to light the possibility that

the doctor may have been negligent in doing so. Id. at 870. With “1 year, 11 months, and

2 weeks” of the statute of limitations period remaining on the date of discovery, we held

the April 1, 2008 complaint was barred by the statute of limitations. Id. at 870-71.

       The Physician’s actions here are similar to the physician’s actions in Gradus-Pizlo.

There, this court rejected the plaintiff’s argument that the doctor’s entire course of care

created a continuing wrong and held that the two year statute of limitations period began

to run the day the medicine was prescribed, not the day the patient stopped taking the

                                            12
medicine and not the day the patient died. Id. We did this even though the medicine led

to the patient’s death. Rogers makes the same argument but does so without distinguishing

the present case from Gradus-Pizlo. Rogers alleges that Physician was negligent from his

first treatment of Rogers in August 2006 through at least March 6, 2009,6 when he did not

investigate the cause of the allergic reactions, read the warning labels or medical literature,

or recognize on his own that Cidex OPA was causing Rogers’s increasingly-serious allergic

reactions. Rogers has failed to show an issue of material fact regarding the doctrine of

continuing wrong.

         Rogers alleged several questions of fact both in his brief and at oral argument.

However, we conclude that these questions of fact are immaterial to the application of the

Medical Malpractice Act’s occurrence-based statute of limitations period. Although it is

plausible that all of Physician’s negligence prior to Rogers’s last allergic reaction would

have fallen under the doctrine of continuing wrong, thus raising an issue of fact, it is not

disputed that Physician last saw Rogers on January 7, 2009. This was the last opportunity

Physician had to diagnose Rogers.7 See Hopster v. Burgeson, 750 N.E.2d 841, 858-59

(Ind. Ct. App. 2001) (holding the date that the doctor last had an opportunity to diagnose

         6
           Rogers alleges that he was still under Physician’s care until July 2009 and that he continued to experience
injuries related to his Cidex OPA exposure well into 2010. However, “[t]he doctrine of continuing wrong will not
prevent the statute of limitations from beginning to run when the plaintiff learns of [the malpractice] even if his
relationship with the tortfeasor continues beyond that point.” Garneau, 838 N.E.2d at 1145 (quoting E Corp. v. Ramco
Indus., Inc., 717 N.E.2d 642, 645 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999)). Therefore, Physician’s continuing treatment of Rogers past
March 6, 2009, is of no consequence.
          7
            The dissent believes that Physician’s course of conduct did not end on January 7, 2009, but rather, it
continued until at least March 6, 2009 when Allergist informed Rogers of the allergy. However, this argument
conflates an occurrence based statute of limitations with a discovery based statute of limitations. Although Physician
remained Rogers’s urologist until July 2009, January 7, 2009 is the date of the last occurrence from which the statute
of limitations is measured.

                                                         13
patient was the date of patient’s last appointment, and therefore, that is the day the statute

of limitations began to run). Accordingly, any dispute of fact about the doctrine’s

application prior to the January 7, 2009 appointment is immaterial and insufficient to

preclude summary judgment for Physician.

       We would have to ignore our case law refusing to apply the doctrine to isolated

instances of negligence in order to accept Rogers’s argument. See Babcock v. Lafayette

Home Hosp., Woman’s Clinic, 587 N.E.2d 1320, 1323 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992) (refusing to

apply the doctrine of continuing wrong to the defendant hospital’s two isolated acts of

negligence). On these facts, the doctrine of continuing wrong does not apply.

                           E. Exception To Claim Being Barred

       Because the doctrine of continuing wrong does not apply, Rogers’s claim will only

be saved if it was not reasonably possible for him to file the claim within the two-year

statutory limitations period. See David, 9 N.E.3d at 153.

       When Rogers discovered the alleged malpractice, he had twenty-two months

remaining to present his claim—almost the full two years granted by the statute. He has

not alleged any disability or other reason why he could not bring his claim within this time.

Accordingly, it was reasonably possible for him to present the claim within the statute of

limitations period. See Coffer v. Arndt, 732 N.E.2d 815, 821 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000) (holding

that where claimant discovered malpractice twenty-two months prior to the expiration of

the statute of limitations, he was required to file within that time), trans. denied; see also

Boggs v. Tri-State Radiology, Inc., 730 N.E.2d 692, 697-98 (Ind. 2000) (holding that where

claimant discovered malpractice eleven months before the expiration of the statute of

                                             14
limitations, it was reasonably possible to file a claim within that time); cf. Moyer v. Three

Unnamed Physicians, 845 N.E.2d 252, 259 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006) (holding that where

discovery of alleged malpractice by one doctor was made with only eleven days remaining

before expiration of statute of limitations, filing within that time was not reasonably

possible and claimant just had to file within a reasonable time; further holding with respect

to a second doctor that it was reasonably possible to file within the statute of limitations

when discovery of alleged malpractice was made with six months remaining).

       Physician has met his burden of proving that the action was commenced outside the

statutory period. He last saw Rogers on January 7, 2009. The malpractice was discovered

on March 6, 2009, which was within the two year period following the last negligent act.

It was also reasonably possible for Rogers to file his claim within a twenty-two month time

period. We conclude the purely occurrence-based limitation period is applicable and

Rogers was required to file his claim by January 7, 2011.

                                        Conclusion

       Concluding that Physician’s last act of negligence occurred January 7, 2009 and that

the doctrine of continuing wrong does not apply, Rogers’s claim is barred by the Medical

Malpractice Act’s occurrence-based statute of limitations.          Accordingly, summary

judgment is appropriate for Physician, and the trial court abused its discretion in finding

otherwise and granting Rogers’s motion to correct error. We reverse.

       Reversed.

BAKER, J., concurs.

KIRSCH, J., dissents with opinion.

                                             15
                             IN THE
                   COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

ANONYMOUS PHYSICIAN and                       )
ANONYMOUS MEDICAL GROUP,                      )
                                              )
      Appellants-Defendants,                  )
                                              )
             vs.                              )    No. 02A03-1401-CT-1
                                              )
RICHARD LOUCKS ROGERS,                        )
                                              )
      Appellee-Plaintiff.                     )

KIRSCH, Judge, dissenting.

      I respectfully dissent.

      The doctrine of continuing wrong applies where an entire course of conduct

combines to produce an injury. Boggs v. Tri-State Radiology, Inc., 730 N.E.2d 692,

699 (Ind. 2000). When the doctrine attaches, the statutory limitations period begins

to run at the end of the continuing wrongful act. Havens v. Ritchey, 582 N.E.2d 792,

795 (Ind. 1991). In order to apply the doctrine, the plaintiff must demonstrate that

the alleged injury-producing conduct was of a continuous nature. Burton v. Elskens,

730 N.E.2d 1281, 1284 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000). “The doctrine of continuing wrong is

not an equitable doctrine; rather, it defines when an act, omission, or neglect took

place.” Coffer v. Arndt, 732 N.E.2d 815, 821 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), trans. denied.

                                         16
      Here, Anonymous Physician was Richard Rogers’ urologist from the date of

his first appointment in August 2006 through July 2009. The course of conduct

giving rise to this action was Physician’s use of Cidex OPA to disinfect the urology

equipment, contrary to the standard of care, and his failure to diagnose and advise

Rogers of such usage after Rogers’ repeated allergic reactions. This course of

conduct commenced in August 2006. It continued at least until March 6, 2009, the

date that the Allergist to whom Physician stated he referred Rogers, advised both

Rogers and Physician that Rogers was allergic to Cidex OPA. Because Rogers’

Proposed Complaint for Medical Malpractice was filed on March 4, 2011, it was

timely filed.

                                         17