Court Opinion

ID: 4507741
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-02-14 16:03:44.751367+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:37:36.656586
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                      FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any                              Feb 14 2020, 8:52 am
court except for the purpose of establishing                               CLERK
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                          Court of Appeals
estoppel, or the law of the case.                                           and Tax Court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy P. Broden                                        Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Lafayette, Indiana                                       Attorney General of Indiana
                                                         Tiffany A. McCoy
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Danielle A. Leavell,                                     February 14, 2020
Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         19A-CR-2097
        v.                                               Appeal from the Tippecanoe
                                                         Superior Court
State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable Steven P. Meyer,
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Judge
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         79D02-1808-F5-157

Riley, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020              Page 1 of 11
                                STATEMENT OF THE CASE
[1]   Appellant-Defendant, Danielle Leavell (Leavell), appeals the sentence imposed

      by the trial court following her guilty plea to neglect of a dependent, a Level 6

      felony, Ind. Code § 35-46-1-4(a)(1); cruelty to an animal, a Class A

      misdemeanor, I.C. § 35-46-3-7(a); conspiracy to commit child exploitation, a

      Level 5 felony, I.C. §§ 35-42-4-4(b); -41-5-2; and two Counts of possession of

      child pornography, Level 5 felonies, I.C. § 35-42-4-4(e)(1).

[2]   We affirm.

                                                    ISSUE
[3]   Leavell presents this court with one issue, which we restate as: Whether her

      sentence is inappropriate given the nature of her offenses and her character.

                      FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
[4]   Leavell married Anthony Leavell (Anthony) in 2001, and they have a daughter,

      E.L., who was eleven years old in March 2018. Leavell was a licensed practical

      nurse who provided in-home care for patients. During her career as a nurse,

      Leavell provided in-home care for E.W. for seven years, starting when E.W.

      was four years old. E.W. was born with congenital cytomegalovirus, a

      condition that renders her non-mobile and non-verbal. When E.W. was ten

      years old and in Leavell’s care, after discussing the matter with Anthony,

      Leavell took a photograph of E.W.’s exposed genitals, sent the image

      electronically to Anthony, possessed the image on her cell phone, and saved the

      image to her email.
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020   Page 2 of 11
[5]   Leavell also provided in-home care for L.B., a female child who was born with

      physical and mental disabilities that caused her developmental delays, seizures,

      and reduced physical size. L.B. is incapable of moving, talking, or any manner

      of self-care. When L.B. was eight years old and in Leavell’s care, after

      discussing the matter with Anthony, Leavell photographed L.B.’s exposed

      genitals, sent the image electronically to Anthony, possessed the image on her

      cell phone, and saved the image to her email.

[6]   On March 26, 2018, officers of the Lafayette Police Department went to the

      Leavell home on South 21st Street to investigate a report that there were dead

      animals inside. Leavell and Anthony had over eighty rabbits in the home, the

      floors of which were covered in rabbit feces and bedding. The rabbits were in

      poor physical condition, and three had to be euthanized. Child Protective

      Services workers inspecting the home found a camera hidden in the shower of

      the home’s only bathroom. The camera was a live feed that connected to a

      television and recording device in the attic. Also discovered in the attic was a

      recording of E.L. using the restroom. When confronted about the camera,

      Leavell told investigators that she had been aware of the camera for a year but

      that Anthony had told her that he only used it to watch Leavell as a means of

      sexual release.

[7]   A search of Anthony’s cell phone and computer revealed child pornography

      depicting children aging from toddlers to teenagers, and Anthony was

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020   Page 3 of 11
      subsequently arrested.1 Anthony called Leavell from jail and reminded her

      about the images of E.W. and L.B. that she had sent him. After this call,

      Leavell attempted to delete the images and other incriminating text messages

      between her and Anthony. While in police custody, Anthony reported that

      Leavell had sent him the images of E.W. and L.B., but investigators were still

      able to retrieve the images. As part of the investigation, the parents of E.W.

      and L.B. viewed the images and identified their daughters. When investigators

      confronted Leavell with Anthony’s report, Leavell admitted that she had made

      and sent the images and admitted deleting the images of E.W. and L.B. from

      her email. She also admitted deleting an image of E.L.’s genitals.

[8]   On April 4, 2018, the State filed an Information, charging Leavell with Level 6

      felony neglect of a dependent and Class A misdemeanor cruelty to an animal.

      On August 13, 2018, the State filed a second Information, adding charges of

      Class C felony conspiracy to commit child exploitation, Level 5 felony

      conspiracy to commit child exploitation, Class C felony child exploitation,

      Level 5 felony child exploitation, and two Counts of Level 5 felony possession

      of child pornography. On June 28, 2019, Leavell pleaded guilty to neglect of a

      dependent, cruelty to an animal, Level 5 felony conspiracy to commit child

      exploitation, and the two charges of Level 5 felony possession of child

      pornography. Leavell pleaded guilty pursuant to an agreement with the State

      1
        This court affirmed Anthony’s twelve-year sentence following his guilty plea to Class A misdemeanor
      cruelty to an animal, Level 5 felony conspiracy to commit child exploitation, and Level 5 felony possession
      of child pornography. See Leavell v. State, No. 19A-CR-397 (Ind. Ct. App. August 2, 2019).

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020                Page 4 of 11
       which provided that the sentences imposed for the conspiracy to commit child

       exploitation and the two child pornography possession convictions would be

       served concurrently. In addition, the two Class C felony charges and the Level

       5 felony child exploitation charge pending against Leavell were to be dismissed.

[9]    The pre-sentence investigation report (PSI) filed in this matter had appended to

       it the results of a psychological evaluation done on Leavell as part of the Child

       in Need of Services (CHINS) case that was opened for E.L. Leavell was

       diagnosed with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder,

       Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Dependent Personality Disorder.

       According to the evaluator, people with Leavell’s psychological profile “are

       passive, submissive, and unassertive in their personal relationships[]” and “are

       highly suspicious and likely to harbor self-referential beliefs that they are being

       targeted or victimized by others.” (Appellant’s App. Vol. II, pp. 194-95).

       Leavell reported to the PSI investigator that she had divorced Anthony. She

       also reported that during the pendency of this case, she had given birth to the

       child of, and was living with, a man who was a registered sex offender due to

       his conviction for sexual misconduct with a minor and child solicitation.

[10]   On August 23, 2019, the State filed a sentencing memorandum with the trial

       court. Leavell had no objection to the trial court’s consideration of this

       memorandum for sentencing. Several text message exchanges between Leavell

       and Anthony were attached as exhibits to the memorandum. The following

       exchange took place between Leavell and Anthony on June 24, 2015:

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020   Page 5 of 11
               Anthony: Does it taste good

               Leavell: I didn’t do that today. She is actually screaming at the
               moment

               Anthony: Did you rub it?

               Leavell: Real quick

               Anthony: No pic of that?

               Leavell: Not easy taking pic from my shirt. Have to hide camera

       (Appellant’s App. Vol. II, pp. 103-08). In another exchange dated June 23,

       2015, Anthony advised Leavell that she should “take some good pics of E*** (if

       you know what I mean) as you won’t see her alone again after you start new

       job[]” and asked Leavell, “Have you rubbed?” (Appellant’s App. Vol. II, p.

       110-11). Leavell responded that she had not had time, noted that another child

       was also present, and sent Anthony a photo of the child seated in a manner that

       revealed the child’s inner thigh. Anthony responded, “You need a better crotch

       shot,” to which Leavell replied, “Well that’s what I could get[.]” (Appellant’s

       App. Vol. II, pp. 110-18). In an exchange dated June 21, 2015, Leavell and

       Anthony discussed suggesting to their daughter that she sleep in their bed and

       giving their daughter melatonin in a milkshake to keep her asleep. Leavell

       chose to do this the next night. Anthony told Leavell, “Then you lick,” with

       Leavell responding, “ok[.]” (Appellant’s App. Vol. II, pp. 139, 141). Later that

       day, Leavell reported to Anthony that she had purchased some ice cream.

[11]   On August 26, 2019, the trial court held Leavell’s sentencing hearing. By that

       time, Leavell’s choice to live with a registered sex offender had resulted in the

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020   Page 6 of 11
       CHINS court placing E.L. with her paternal grandparents. During her

       allocution, Leavell stated, “What I did to appease my then husband was

       something I could never see myself doing, especially to someone I thought of as

       family. . . The woman who took those pictures was a weak person who let a

       man control her.” (Tr. Vol. II, p. 48). E.W.’s mother related in her victim’s

       impact statement that because of Leavell’s betrayal, she was no longer able to

       trust any care providers, placing a strain on her ability to earn a living and have

       relief from caregiving that she herself needed. L.B.’s father read a statement

       detailing the pain Leavell had caused their family, especially L.B.’s brothers,

       who trusted Leavell as a friend.

[12]   The trial court found as aggravating factors that Leavell’s crimes were

       committed against severely mentally and physically disabled children; Leavell

       was in a position of trust over her victims; the impact the offenses had on the

       families of her victims; and Leavell attempted to evade detection by deleting

       incriminating material from her email. The trial court found as mitigating

       circumstances that Leavell had pleaded guilty, the significance of which was

       diminished by the benefits she received as a result of her plea; the fact that she

       was currently in counseling; her lack of a criminal record; her history of mental

       health issues, the significance of which was reduced by her failure to procure

       treatment; her employment history, and her showing of remorse. The trial

       court found that the aggravating circumstances outweighed the mitigating ones

       and sentenced Leavell to one year each for the neglect of a dependent and

       cruelty to an animal convictions, to be served consecutively. The trial court

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020   Page 7 of 11
       sentenced Leavell to five years each for her conspiracy to commit child

       exploitation and two Counts of possession of child pornography convictions, to

       be served concurrently to each other but consecutively to the other sentences

       imposed. The trial court ordered Leavell to execute six years of her aggregate

       seven-year sentence, with one year suspended to probation.

[13]   Leavell now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.

                               DISCUSSION AND DECISION
[14]   Leavell argues that the sentences for her Level 5 felony conspiracy to commit

       child exploitation and two Level 5 felony possession of child pornography

       convictions are inappropriate given the nature of those offenses and her

       character. “Even when a trial court imposes a sentence within its discretion,

       the Indiana Constitution authorizes independent appellate review and revision

       of this sentencing decision.” Hoak v. State, 113 N.E.3d 1209, 1209 (Ind. 2019).

       Thus, we may revise a sentence if, after due consideration of the trial court’s

       decision, we find that the sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the

       offense and the character of the offender. Id. The principal role of such review

       is to attempt to leaven the outliers. Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1225

       (Ind. 2008). The defendant bears the burden to persuade the reviewing court

       that the sentence imposed is inappropriate. Robinson v. State, 91 N.E.3d 574,

       577 (Ind. 2018).

[15]   When assessing the nature of an offense, the advisory sentence is the starting

       point that the legislature selected as an appropriate sentence for the particular

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020   Page 8 of 11
       crime committed. Perry v. State, 78 N.E.3d 1, 13 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017). Leavell

       pleaded guilty to three Level 5 felonies pursuant to an agreement that provided

       that the sentences for those offenses would be served concurrently. The

       sentencing range for a Level 5 felony is between one and six years, with the

       advisory sentence being three years. I.C. § 35-50-2-6(b). The trial court

       sentenced Leavell to five years for each of the Level 5 felonies, to be served

       concurrently. Thus, the trial court imposed the near-maximum sentence for the

       Level 5 felonies that could be imposed pursuant to the terms of Leavell’s plea

       agreement.

[16]   When reviewing the nature of an offense, we look to the “the details and

       circumstances of the commission of the offense and the defendant’s

       participation.” Perry, 78 N.E.3d at 13. The victims of Leavell’s offenses were

       among the most vulnerable members of society. E.W. and L.B. suffered from

       severe physical and mental disabilities that rendered them unable to evade her

       or report what she did. Leavell coordinated with Anthony to exploit this

       vulnerability and her position of trust with E.W. and L.B. as their care giver to

       take, send, and save images of her victims’ exposed genitalia, all for her and

       Anthony’s sexual gratification. We conclude that the extreme vulnerability of

       the victims and depravity of these offenses do not render a near-maximum, five-

       year sentence for the Level 5 felonies inappropriate.

[17]   In addition, upon reviewing a sentence for inappropriateness, we look to a

       defendant’s life and conduct as illustrative of her character. Morris v. State, 114

       N.E.3d 531, 539 (Ind. Ct. App. 2018), trans. denied. Leavell argues that her

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020   Page 9 of 11
       remorse and her mental health should result in a lesser sentence. We

       acknowledge that Leavell expressed remorse and has been diagnosed with

       mental health issues. However, Leavell has contended throughout this case

       that Anthony abused and pressured her into committing the offenses. On

       appeal, Leavell argues that “her mental impairments played a role in the instant

       offenses as she was verbally abused by Anthony and threatened with physical

       abuse” into committing the offenses. (Appellant’s Br. p. 12).

[18]   At sentencing, the trial court observed, “I don’t buy it, honestly[,]” and neither

       do we. (Tr. Vol. II, p. 63). Leavell’s psychological evaluation revealed that she

       could be passive in her relationships, but it also revealed that she could feel as

       though she was being targeted or victimized by others, and so it is not at all

       clear to us that Leavell’s mental health issues rendered her sentence

       inappropriate. In addition, although we do not assume that the potentially

       criminal conduct discussed in the text messages between Leavell and Anthony

       that were made part of the sentencing record actually occurred, those messages

       demonstrate to us that Leavell was capable of independent thought and action

       and was a willing participant in her conduct with Anthony.

[19]   Leavell also contends that her guilty plea rendered her sentence inappropriate.

       It is well-settled that a guilty plea is not automatically a significant mitigating

       circumstance for sentencing. See Sensback v. State, 720 N.E.2d 1160, 1165 (Ind.

       1999). Leavell received a significant benefit for her plea with the dismissal of

       two additional Class C felony Counts and one Level 5 felony and with an

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020   Page 10 of 11
       agreement that all her sentences for the remaining Level 5 felonies would be

       served concurrently, so we decline to reduce her sentence on that basis.

[20]   We also reject Leavell’s contention that her good employment history should

       persuade us to decrease her sentence, as her employment was what facilitated

       the offenses. We acknowledge, as did the trial court, that Leavell has no

       previous criminal record. However, other factors reflecting poorly on Leavell’s

       character convince us that her character does not merit a lesser sentence, such

       as Leavell’s attempt to thwart investigation of the offenses by deleting the

       images of E.W. and L.B. from her email. Leavell also chose to live with a

       convicted sex offender while E.L.’s CHINS case was pending, causing her to

       lose the possibility of reunification with E.L., which demonstrates to us that

       Leavell continued to lack insight into her conduct. In short, we decline to

       revise Leavell’s sentence in light of her character.

                                             CONCLUSION
[21]   Based on the foregoing, we conclude that nothing about the nature of Leavell’s

       offenses or her character renders her sentence inappropriate.

[22]   Affirmed.

[23]   Baker, J. and Brown, J. concur

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2097 | February 14, 2020   Page 11 of 11