Court Opinion

ID: 4606836
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:39:24.359437+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:00:07.706614
License: Public Domain

Estate of William A. Carey, Deceased, The Marine National Bank of Erie, Executor, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, RespondentCarey v. CommissionerDocket No. 7882United States Tax Court7 T.C. 859; 1946 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 70; September 25, 1946, Promulgated *70 Decision will be entered under Rule 50.  The decedent, who died domiciled in Pennsylvania, made bequests to charitable organizations.  The probate court having jurisdiction held that the bequests were valid and ordered them paid by the executor out of the decedent's estate.  Held, the bequests are deductible from the gross estate under section 812 (d) of the Internal Revenue Code.  Samuel Y. Rossiter, Esq., for the petitioner.Stanley L. Drexler, Esq., for the respondent.  Harron, Judge.  HARRON *859  A deficiency in estate tax has been determined by the Commissioner in the amount of $ 4,198.66.  The question, hereinafter stated, relates to a claim of the estate for deductions under section 812 (d) of the Internal Revenue Code.  The petitioner contends that there should be deducted from the gross estate sums which were received by charitable and religious institutions.The estate tax return was filed with the collector for the twenty-third district of Pennsylvania.The facts have been stipulated by the parties.FINDINGS OF FACT.Petitioner is the executor of the estate of William A. Carey, deceased. The decedent died, testate, on November 13, 1942, a resident of Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania.  His last will was executed on October 21, 1942, which was less than thirty days before his death.  The will was duly admitted to probate by the Orphans' Court of Erie County.Items IV, V, VI, and VII of said will contained a bequest for the use of St. Joseph's Home for Children, *72  Erie, Pennsylvania, and bequests to the Zem Zem Hospital for Crippled Children, St. Andrew's Church, and St. Vincent's Hospital Association, all of Erie, Pennsylvania, having an aggregate value for the purpose of this proceeding of $ 14,912.50.  The aforesaid corporations are organized and operated exclusively for charitable or religious purposes within the meaning of section 812 of the Internal Revenue Code.A document reading as follows was filed in the Orphans' Court of Erie County, Pennsylvania:Erie, Pa., November 18, 1942.Know all men by these presents:That we the undersigned, residuary legatees of the Estate of William A. Carey, Deceased, do hereby consent, direct and authorize The Marine National Bank of Erie, as the executor of the Estate of William A. Carey, to make payment of all *860  the charitable bequests enumerated in the last will of William A. Carey, to the charities named and in the amounts named respectively to them.In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals.Witness:[Signed] S. Y. Rossiter[Signed]Doris M. Wholihan(Seal)Elizabeth M. Higgins(Seal)Jennie Leary(Seal)Rose Leary(Seal)On March 29, 1944, the Orphans' *73  Court of Erie County, Pennsylvania, entered an adjudication and decree confirming absolutely the account of the executor and ordering that distribution be made to the charities named in items IV, V, VI, and VII of the will.In an opinion filed in the case, the court stated:Testator's will dated 10/21/42 contains several bequests to charity. Because of his death occurring on 11/13/42, less than 30 days after the date of the will, these bequests were ineffective. In order to carry out the testator's expressed intention as to these charitable bequests, an agreement was made and signed by all of his heirs and residuary legatees whereby these charitable bequests are to be paid in full.Petitioner has made distribution to the charities named above of the money and property provided in the will.The decedent, by his last will, made some bequests, in addition to the bequests to the charitable and religious institutions named above, and then he devised and bequeathed the residue of his estate to four residuary legatees.OPINION.The question is whether amounts paid to charities by the executor of the estate of William A. Carey were bequests under his will and, therefore, deductible from*74  the gross estate under section 812 (d) of the Internal Revenue Code.  1 It is agreed that the bequests were charitable under section 812 (d).  Therefore, to warrant the deduction under this section, it is necessary only that the charities took the gifts by bequest, legacy, devise, or transfer from the decedent.William A. Carey devised and bequeathed sums to an individual and to charitable organizations, and left the residue of his estate to four cousins who were his only heirs at law.  He died within 30 days after the execution of*75  his will.  This circumstance rendered the bequests *861  to charities subject to being defeated 2 by the residuary legatees, but did not render the will invalid.  Carson's Estate, 241 Pa. 117">241 Pa. 117. The residuary legatees, the heirs of the decedent, filed consents dated November 18, 1942, (which was 5 days after the death of the decedent) to the payment of the charitable bequests by the executor under the will in accordance with its terms.  The will, being valid, was admitted to probate.  When the time came for the adjudication of the executor's accounts and the approval of the distributions under the will by the Orphans' Court of Erie County, no question was raised by those who had a right to object regarding the validity of the bequests in the will to the charities. The Orphans' Court in its decree of distribution approved the will in its entirety, and the executor made all of the distributions according to the terms of the will.  Thus, the bequests to the charities did not fall into the residuary estate, and the executor distributed to the residuary legatees the residue after making distributions of the charitable bequests according to the will.*76  Respondent contends in this proceeding, as he has done in many others, that the charities took from others than the decedent because of the limitation in the state statute upon charitable bequests. Upon this postulate he contends that there were no charitable bequests within section 812 (d), and that the claim of the executor of the estate for deductions under that section should be denied.The general question has been considered several times, and in each case a state statute similar to the Pennsylvania statute involved here has been the source of the respondent's contention.  See Estate of Dudley S. Blossom, 45 B. T. A. 691 (involving an Ohio statute); First National Bank of Atlanta, 36 B. T. A. 491; affd., 102 Fed. (2d) 129 (involving a Georgia statute); Dimock v. Corwin, 99 Fed. (2d) 799; and Humphrey v. Millard, 79 Fed. (2d) 107 (both cases involving a New York statute).  3 The question presented arises under the Federal estate tax statutes, but a particular type of state statute, limiting charitable bequests and found*77  in the statutes of seven states, creates a special question for the executors of estates of citizens who die domiciled in those seven states.  Thus it is evident that the decision of the particular question has wide application even though it is a special question.  In *862  such instance some consideration should be given to the principle that the revenue acts are to be interpreted, in the absence of language evidencing a different purpose, "so as to give a uniform application to a nation-wide scheme of taxation." Burnet v. Harmel, 287 U.S. 103">287 U.S. 103, 110. Unless there is a real difference in the Pennsylvania statute from the corresponding statutes of Georgia, Ohio, and New York, which were considered in the above cited cases, and we do not perceive any substantial differences, the result reached in this case should be the same as in the cited cases, because the facts in this case are much the same as the facts in the cited cases, and, in our opinion, the factual differences are immaterial.  Lyeth v. Hoey, 305 U.S. 188.*78 The question is whether the distributions to charities were made by petitioner under the decedent's will.  After careful consideration and examination of decisions of Pennsylvania courts, we conclude that the distributions were made under the decedent's will under an adjudication of the court which had jurisdiction over the administration and construction of the will.  The estate of the decedent was before the Orphans' Court for distribution under the will.  The decree in distribution was "a quasi-proceeding in rem," binding upon the whole world, especially binding those who were actual parties, and settling all matters raised and matters which might have been raised.  The decree of the court settled the question of the right of the charitable organizations to take the bequests under the will.  Channon's Estate, 28 Pa. Dist. 479, 481; affd., 266 Pa. 417">266 Pa. 417; Crozer Estate, 341 Pa. 75">341 Pa. 75; 18 Atl. 323. See Humphrey v. Millard, supra;Dimock v. Corwin, supra.The Pennsylvania courts have said frequently *79  that the time to question the validity of bequests to charities is on distribution.  Carson's Estate, supra. When the estate of William A. Carey came before the Orphans' Court for distribution, there were on file the consents, or waivers, of the heirs, the residuary legatees, to distributions to charities under the will, and no question of the validity of the bequests was raised.  The Orphans' Court said, in effect, in its decree that the consents which had been filed relieved the provisions in the will relating to the charitable bequests from being ineffective on account of the time at which the decedent died. The matter of the invalidity of the bequests was waived.  The Orphans' Court awarded by its decree the bequests made in the will to the charitable organizations.  Such decree is recognized by Pennsylvania courts as constituting an adjudication that the charitable bequests conformed to the law.  Channon's Estate, 28 Pa. Dist. 479, 482. This brings this case within the principle enunciated in First National Bank of Atlanta, supra;Dimock v. Corwin, supra;*80  and Estate of Dudley S. Blossom, supra.*863  The sums paid to the charitable organizations did not pass to the residuary legatees, but passed under William A. Carey's will, and therefore the distributions fall within section 812(d), and are deductible in computing the amount of the net estate. It is held that respondent erred in disallowing the deductions.Decision will be entered under Rule 50.  Footnotes1. SEC. 812. NET ESTATE.For the purpose of the tax the value of the net estate shall be determined, in the case of a citizen or resident of the United States by deducting from the value of the gross estate --* * * *(d) Transfers for Public, Charitable, and Religious Uses.  -- The amount of all bequests, legacies, devises, or transfers, * * * to or for use of any corporation organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes * * *↩2. Purdon's Pennsylvania Statutes Annotated, title 20:"Section 195.  Charitable bequests or devises: requisites."No estate, real or personal, shall be bequeathed or devised to any body politic, or to any person in trust for religious or charitable uses, except the same be done by will at least thirty days before the decease of the testator, which period shall be so computed as to exclude the first and to include the last day thereof; and all dispositions of property contrary hereto shall be void and go to the residuary legatee or devisee, heirs or next of kin, according to law.  As amended, 1935, July 2, P. L. 573, section 1; 1939, May 16, P. L. 141, section 1."↩3. See Page on Wills, sec. 40, where it is said: "In many states it is provided by statute that a testator cannot devise or bequeath property to a charitable corporation or charitable use unless by a will which is executed a specific time before the death of the testator." Such states are California, Georgia, Illinois, Montana, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.↩