Court Opinion

ID: 9748770
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-27 16:12:32.557042+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:25:39.236472
License: Public Domain

*289HAERLE, J., Concurring.
I agree completely with both the result and the path by which it is reached in Justice Ruvolo’s majority opinion. However, what is not addressed in Presiding Justice Kline’s dissent leads me to add this brief separate concurrence.
As both of my colleagues demonstrate repeatedly in their opinions, the special relationship doctrine is reserved for situations in which the authorities have created a relationship of “dependency” with a “vulnerable” individual, here of course the decedent. It is for this reason that, at various points in his dissent, Justice Kline references a “situation of dependency” or a “relationship of dependence” allegedly created here. (Dis. opn. of Kline P. J., post, at pp. 292, 295, 307.) He also suggests that the police action here amounted to an “ ‘undertaking to rescue’ ” by which they “ ‘voluntarily assume[d] a protective duty’ ” {id. at pp. 292, 310), and that the resulting special relationship triggers a duty to take “affirmative action to assist or protect another.” {Id. at p. 292.)
All of this and much more in the dissent might lead the unwary reader to suspect that we are dealing with a “vulnerable” and “dependent” victim, e.g., one who was standing on the proverbial ledge of a skyscraper and was allowed to step off the same. We are not. We are addressing the case of a man with a loaded gun who had already discharged that gun in his own household. This crucial, indeed overriding, fact is totally ignored by the dissent. More importantly, though, the explicit proposition in the dissent that, by entering into this situation and trying to disarm the decedent, the police thereby forged a “special relationship” with him constitutes a radical extension of that principle. It should be, I submit, self-evident that a man with a loaded gun is not exactly “vulnerable” and certainly not in a “dependent” relationship with the police who, for the safety of themselves and the community, are trying to disarm him.