Court Opinion

ID: 4688118
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-05-19 14:09:06.337041+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:04:45.443575
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-4685-18

KYUNG OK SON,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

KAYA SUSHI RESTAURANT,
MONTAUK SEAFOOD, CO.,
INC.,

     Defendant-Respondent.
___________________________

                   Submitted March 2, 2021 – Decided May 19, 2021

                   Before Judges Moynihan and Gummer.

                   On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                   Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-6657-16.

                   Michael S. Kimm, attorney for appellant.

                   Respondent has not filed a brief.

PER CURIAM

          Plaintiff Kyung Ok Son became ill after eating a marinated raw crab dish

at Kaya Sushi Restaurant. Plaintiff alleged defendant Montauk Seafood Co.,
Inc. was among the entities that "engaged in sub-standard food sales,

manufacturing,     distribution,   and/or       handling   practices   and   permitted

contaminated food to be served to the general public in violation of the required

food standards."

      After plaintiff had settled with Kaya Sushi Restaurant and default had

been entered against defendant, Judge Estela M. De La Cruz conducted a proof

hearing regarding plaintiff's claim against defendant which the judge synopsized

in her written decision: "[T]he product plaintiff consumed was detected to

contain two separate organisms which were directly traceable to the raw crab

meat. Plaintiff argues that the defaulted [defendant's] violation of the Products

Liability Act[,] [(PLA)] N.J.S.A. 2A:58C-1 to -11[,] proximately caused

plaintiff to suffer her injuries and damages."

      The judge considered plaintiff's: testimony; amended complaint; request

for default; medical expert's report, de bene esse video deposition testimony and

concomitant transcript; and hospital medical records, and dismissed plaintiff's

complaint with prejudice, concluding plaintiff failed to present any evidence of

defendant's breach of any duty, statute or law to support entry of a judgment.

      Plaintiff appeals from that order arguing reversal is required because,

although the judge "seemed to have no problem with recognizing [defendant's]

                                                                                A-4685-18
                                            2
liability under the PLA[,] [t]he problem is that [the judge] then committed a

quantum leap by holding that, because plaintiff settled for an adequate sum of

money, she should receive nothing from the defaulting defendant." The judge

said no such thing, and we affirm substantially for the reasons Judge De La Cruz

set forth in her cogent written decision.

      The judge considered plaintiff's expert's opinion that plaintiff's illness was

caused by two microorganisms that contaminated the crab meat, one of which

had an incubation period that "could last as long as ten days." Judge De La Cruz

found the expert "prominently refer[red]" to a sanitary inspection municipal

health department inspectors had conducted at the restaurant some two weeks

prior to plaintiff's hospitalization that "documented an environment conducive

to transmitting the infectious agents to the host." The unsanitary conditions

included inadequate hand-washing facilities in the toilet and food-preparation

areas, food products maintained at improper temperatures and flies.

      The judge further found the restaurant owner's deposition "revealed . . .

he never worked in a kitchen[,] . . . the chef and his subordinates did not have

food[-]safety[-]handling training" and the owner

            admitted he did not know what was required for cold
            storage temperatures and described his practice of
            purchasing live crabs in boxes and then freezing the live
            ones for three days. The crabs were washed with tap

                                                                              A-4685-18
                                         3
            water of unknown temperature and put in low[-]salt soy
            sauce and placed in a refrigerator for two days before
            service to customers.

The judge also considered that the expert

            noted as "particularly relevant to this case" that
            researchers found that [foodborne] infectious agents
            survive in raw ready-to-eat crab marinated in soy sauce
            [and] . . . that freezing the crab product for long periods
            of time is insufficient to exterminate any harmful
            organisms including E. coli and vibrio, which have
            been known to survive up to three months at frozen
            temperatures.

      Judge De la Cruz recognized that a manufacturer or seller of a product is

liable under the PLA if the plaintiff proves by a preponderance of the evidence

"that the product was defective, that the defect existed when the product left the

manufacturer's control, and that the defect proximately caused injuries to the

plaintiff, a reasonably foreseeable or intended user." See Myrlak v. Port Auth.

of N.Y. & N.J., 157 N.J. 84, 97 (1999). And the judge held plaintiff to the

requirement that she prove causation. See Cruz-Mendez v. ISU/Ins. Servs. of

San Francisco, 156 N.J. 556, 574 (1999).

      After a careful review of the evidence, the judge concluded plaintiff had

not met her burden:

            There is no evidence presented in this record that shows
            the product was defective when it was distributed by
            [defendant] and under the control of [defendant]. There

                                                                            A-4685-18
                                        4
             is a complete absence of this evidence since the entire
             crux and heart of plaintiff's expert's opinion is that the
             food was contaminated as a result of the extremely
             unsanitary environment and habits of the host
             restaurant. There is no evidence in this record that the
             product was defective when it was distributed by
             [defendant]. There is simply no evidence to show that
             the product [defendant] delivered to Kaya Sushi
             Restaurant was defective. What the evidence does
             show is that the host restaurant, co-defendant Kaya
             Sushi Restaurant's, procedures and environment in food
             preparation was likely the cause of the contamination.

        "New Jersey's salutary practice has been to allow the trial judge the

discretion to require proof of liability at a default hearing."      Heimbach v.

Mueller, 229 N.J. Super. 17, 20-21 (App. Div. 1988); R. 4:43-2(b). Although a

plaintiff is only required to "adduce proofs that the facts alleged 'might have

been the case,'" Heimbach, 229 N.J. Super. at 23 (quoting Trans World Airlines

v. Hughes, 449 F.2d 51, 64 (2d Cir. 1971), rev'd on other grounds, 409 U.S. 363

(1973)), denial of judgment for a plaintiff is appropriate if a "necessary element

of plaintiff's prima facie case was missing," ibid. "[T]he question of what proofs

are necessary is inherently within the judge's discretion." See Chakravarti v.

Pegasus Consulting Grp., Inc., 393 N.J. Super. 203, 210 (App. Div. 2007). The

record fully supports Judge De La Cruz's well-reasoned determination that

plaintiff failed to proffer any evidence defendant distributed the contaminated

crab.

                                                                            A-4685-18
                                         5
Affirmed.

                A-4685-18
            6