Court Opinion

ID: 3093521
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 04:16:10.44664+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:26:53.124983
License: Public Domain

IN THE
                         TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

                                No. 10-11-00206-CV

                      IN RE MARK RANDALL WALLEN

                          From the 413th District Court
                             Johnson County, Texas
                          Trial Court No. D2010005128

                          MEMORANDUM OPINION

       Relator, Mark Wallen, requests habeas corpus relief from the April 5, 2011 order

holding him in contempt and ordering his commitment to county jail. We deny habeas

corpus relief.

                                 BACKGROUND FACTS

       Mark Wallen and Cathryn Maybin Wallen divorced in May 2010. On August 16,

2010, the trial court entered an agreed modification order.     The August 16 order

contained an injunction provision stating that the parties are permanently enjoined

from certain actions including making disparaging remarks regarding the other party or

the other party’s family in the presence or within hearing of the children, hiding or

secreting the children from the other party, and permitting an unrelated adult with
whom the other party has an intimate or dating relationship to remain in the same

residence with the children between the hours of 8:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m.

       On March 8, 2011, the trial court signed a temporary restraining order that stated

in pertinent part:

       It is therefore ordered … that [Mark] is immediately restrained from:
               Communicating with [Cathryn] in person, by telephone, or in
       writing in vulgar, profane, obscene, or indecent language or in a coarse or
       offensive manner.
               Threatening [Cathryn] in person, by telephone, or in writing to take
       unlawful action against any person.
               Placing one or more telephone calls, anonymously, at any
       unreasonable hour, in an offensive and repetitious manner, or without a
       legitimate purpose of communication.
               Disturbing the peace of the children or of another party.
               Making disparaging remarks regarding [Cathryn] or [Cathryn’s
       family] in the presence or within the hearing of the children.
               Discussing the case with the children and/or showing the children
       any paperwork, emails, text messages, etc concerning the case or the
       children the subject of this suit.

       Cathryn filed a motion for enforcement alleging, among other things, that Mark

sent her text messages calling her a “bitch” and a “skank.”        Mark maintains that

“skank” can mean either “a person and especially a woman of low or sleazy character”

or a “rhythmic dance performed while swinging the arms and bending the knees…”.

Evidently, the trial court did not construe Mark’s text message as a comment on

dancing because after a hearing, the trial court found that Mark violated provisions of

the August 16 order and the March 8 temporary restraining order. The trial court found

thirteen violations and ordered Mark confined for ten days for each violation. The trial

court ordered each period of confinement to run consecutively and stated a beginning

and ending date for each period of confinement. The last period of confinement ends

In re Wallen                                                                          Page 2
on August 14, 2011.      The trial court also ordered Mark to pay attorney’s fees to

Cathryn’s attorney. The trial court further ordered that Cathryn has the exclusive right

to designate the primary residence of Mark and Cathryn’s son until August 14, 2011.

                                   STANDARD OF REVIEW

       The purpose of a habeas corpus proceeding is not to determine the ultimate guilt

or innocence of the relator, but only to ascertain whether the relator has been

unlawfully confined.       Ex parte Gordon, 584 S.W.2d 686, 688 (Tex. 1979).             The

presumption is that the order or judgment challenged is presumed to be valid. In re

Turner, 177 S.W.3d 284, 288 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, orig. proceeding). In

a habeas corpus action challenging confinement for contempt, the relator bears the

burden of showing that the contempt order is void. In re Coppock, 277 S.W.3d 417, 418-

19 (Tex. 2009) (orig. proceeding). An order is void if it is beyond the power of the court

to enter it, or if it deprives the relator of liberty without due process of law. Id.

       To be enforceable by contempt, an order must set out the terms of compliance in

clear and unambiguous terms. In re Coppock, 277 S.W.3d at 418; Ex parte Brister, 801
S.W.2d 833, 834 (Tex. 1990) (orig. proceeding). Moreover, a person cannot be sentenced

to confinement unless the order unequivocally commands that person to perform a

duty or obligation. In re Coppock, 277 S.W.3d at 418; Ex parte Padron, 565 S.W.2d 921, 921

(Tex. 1978) (orig. proceeding).

                                   RESTRAINT ON SPEECH

       Mark argues in his first issue that the order preventing the parties from

communicating in a coarse or offensive manner is an unconstitutional prior restraint on

In re Wallen                                                                            Page 3
speech. An administrative or judicial order that forbids certain future communications

constitutes a prior restraint on speech. Alexander v. United States, 509 U.S. 544, 550, 113
S. Ct. 2766, 2771, 125 L. Ed. 2d 441 (1993). None of the cases cited by Mark involve suits

affecting the parent-child relationship in which the court orders parents to refrain from

disparaging each other in the presence of the children. The cited cases do not address

the negative effect of offensive communication between parents on their children. We

do not find that the trial court’s orders preventing Mark and Cathryn from

communicating with each other in an offensive manner is an unconstitutional prior

restraint on speech. We overrule Mark’s first issue.

                                      VAGUE ORDERS

       In his second issue on appeal, Mark argues that the orders he was found to have

violated were too vague for a finding of contempt. Mark contends that the provisions

are not specific enough to be enforced citing In re Coppock as authority. However, in

Coppock the judgment did not order or mandate compliance. There was no injunctive

language commanding or ordering the parties not to engage in the described activity.

In re Coppock, 277 S.W.3d at 419.

       The August 16 order “ordered” that the parties are permanently enjoined from

engaging in the described conduct.        The March 8 order “ordered” that Mark is

immediately restrained from engaging in the described conduct. The orders contain

sufficient language to advise the parties that refraining from or engaging in the

described conduct is mandatory. In re Coppock, 277 S.W.3d at 419. We find that the

order sets forth the terms in clear and specific terms.

In re Wallen                                                                         Page 4
       Mark further contends that the language in the order is susceptible to different

sensibilities and interpretations. The order underlying a contempt judgment must set

forth the terms of compliance in clear, specific, and unambiguous terms so that the

person charged with obeying the order will readily know exactly what duties and

obligations are imposed upon him. Ex parte Chambers, 898 S.W.2d 257, 259 (Tex.1995). If

the court's order requires inferences or conclusions about which reasonable persons

might differ, it is insufficient to support a judgment of contempt. Chambers, 898 S.W.2d

at 260. Only reasonable alternative constructions, however, prevent enforcement of the

order. Id. The order need not be full of superfluous terms and specifications adequate

to counter any flight of fancy a contemnor may imagine in order to declare it vague. Id.

       Mark primarily complains of the provisions in the orders that prohibit the parties

from making “disparaging” remarks and from communicating in a “coarse or offensive

manner.”       We do not find that the standard language contained in the orders is

ambiguous so that reasonable persons would find it susceptible to multiple

interpretations. We find that the orders are sufficient to support a finding of contempt.

       Mark argues that he did not willfully violate the orders. Mark does not cite

authority to support his argument that any violation of the order must be willful. TEX.

R. APP. P. 38.1(f). We overrule Mark’s second issue.

                               MODIFICATION OF CUSTODY

       In his third issue, Mark argues that the contempt order modifies the custody of

Mark and Cathryn’s son, C.W. Mark was the joint managing conservator with the right

In re Wallen                                                                        Page 5
to establish the residence of C.W. The contempt order provided that Cathryn has the

exclusive right to designate the primary residence of C.W. until August 14, 2011.

       The purpose of a habeas corpus proceeding is to ascertain whether the relator

has been unlawfully confined.      Ex parte Gordon, 584 S.W.2d at 688.        The issue of

modification of custody is not properly before us in this proceeding. We express no

opinion on whether the temporary provision for the care of C.W. is an improper

modification of the parent-child relationship.

                                    ATTORNEY’S FEES

       Mark argues in his fourth issue that the trial court’s order incorrectly provides

that attorney’s fees may be collected as child support. The order awarded $2,500 to

Cathryn’s attorney.   The order provided that Cathryn’s attorney could enforce the

judgment by any means available in his own name for the enforcement of a judgment

for debt. The order further stated that the award of attorney’s fees could be enforced by

any means available for the enforcement of child support including contempt, but not

including income withholding.

       The trial court may render judgment for attorney’s fees in a suit affecting the

parent-child relationship, and the judgment may be enforced in the attorney’s name by

any means available for the enforcement of a debt. TEX. FAM. CODE. ANN. § 106.002

(Vernon 2008). It is also generally held, however, that Texas law forbids collection of

attorney's fees by contempt proceedings.         In re Bielefeld, 143 S.W.3d 924, 928 (Tex.

App.—Fort Worth 2004, orig. proceeding).           Unless attorney fees were incurred to

enforce orders for spousal or child support, law forbids collection of attorney fees by

In re Wallen                                                                         Page 6
contempt proceedings. In re Bielefeld, 143 S.W.3d at 930. We delete the statement in the

order that “the attorney’s fees and costs awarded herein may be enforced by any means

available for the enforcement of child support including contempt but not including

income withholding.” We sustain Mark’s fourth issue on appeal.

                              ENDING DATE FOR CONTEMPT

       In the fifth issue, Mark complains that the trial court erred in setting an end date

for each contempt violation. A trial court has no authority to set an ending date on a

criminal contempt sentence because it denies the contemnor the right to be considered

for “good time,” a statutory credit he may receive as a reward for good behavior in jail.

In re Davis, 305 S.W.3d 326, 333 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, orig.

proceeding). Cathryn concedes that the trial court had no authority to set an end date

on the sentence. The portion of the order setting an ending date for each violation is

therefore void. Accordingly, we delete the ending date for each violation from the

order. Id. Mark’s fifth issue is sustained.

                                       CONCLUSION

       We deny habeas corpus relief. The sentences for each violation are ordered to

run consecutively. We delete the statement in the order that “the attorney’s fees and

costs awarded herein may be enforced by any means available for the enforcement of

child support including contempt but not including income withholding.” We also

delete the portion of the order stating an ending date for each violation.

                                          AL SCOGGINS
                                          Justice

In re Wallen                                                                         Page 7
Before Chief Justice Gray,
       Justice Davis, and
       Justice Scoggins
Denied
Opinion delivered and filed July 12, 2011
[OT06]

In re Wallen                                Page 8