Court Opinion

ID: 4673663
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-04-01 15:13:32.457319+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:03:15.198367
License: Public Domain

J-S03018-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 TMC DEVELOPMENT, INC., A              :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 PENNSYLVANIA BUSINESS                 :        PENNSYLVANIA
 CORPORATION, AS GENERAL               :
 PARTNER OF AND TRADING AS TMC         :
 PARTNERS, L.P., A PENNSYLVANIA        :
 LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND DAVID         :
 F. BAKER, III, EX REL. TMC            :
 DEVELOPMENT, INC.                     :
                                       :   No. 277 WDA 2020
                                       :
              v.                       :
                                       :
                                       :
 AMERICAN BRIDGE COMPANY, A            :
 DELAWARE CORPORATION;                 :
 RICHARD J. SWARTZ AND TERRI           :
 BLUMLING, TRUSTEES OF THE             :
 SWARTZ FAMILY TRUST                   :
                                       :
                                       :
              v.                       :
                                       :
                                       :
 LIBERTY STATE CREDIT, INC.            :
                                       :
                                       :
              v.                       :
                                       :
                                       :
 TMC PARTNERS, L.P., ET AL.            :
                                       :
                                       :
 APPEAL OF: TMC DEVELOPEMENT,          :
 INC. AND DAVID F. BAKER, III, EX      :
 REL. TMC DEVELOPMENT, INC.            :

            Appeal from the Order Entered February 13, 2020
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Civil Division at
                  No(s): GD 08-000324, GD 12-013946
J-S03018-21

BEFORE:      DUBOW, J., MURRAY, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.:                         FILED: April 1, 2021

        TMC Development, Inc. and David F. Baker, III, ex. Rel. TMC

Development, Inc. (Appellants) appeal from the order granting the motion of

American Bridge Company (American Bridge) for summary judgment. Upon

review, we quash this appeal as interlocutory.

        The trial court detailed the underlying facts and procedural history as

follows:

        The instant matter involves several commingled entities and the
        consolidation of two cases. In the spring of 2004, the Swartz
        Family Trust (hereinafter the “Trust”), as lessor, entered into a
        ten-year lease agreement with the American Bridge Company
        (“American Bridge”), as lessee, for a 5.5 acre parcel of land owned
        by the Trust in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania (“Coraopolis property”).
        The lease agreement (the “Lease”), which terminated on June 14,
        2014, required American Bridge to tender monthly rent payments
        in the amount of $7,150.00 to the Trust.

        On May 12, 2005, Richard J. Swartz and Terri Blumling, trustees
        of the Swartz Family Trust, conveyed[a] the Coraopolis property to
        TMC Partners, LP (the “Partnership”) by General Warranty Deed.
        . . . The Partnership is, at the minimum, comprised of TMC
        Development Inc. (“TMC”), a corporation formed and existing
        pursuant to the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
        Richard J. Swartz, and David F. Baker III. David F. Baker III has
        two capacities in this matter—partner of TMC, Partners L.P., and
        Trustee of the Swartz Family Trust.[b] Richard J. Swartz is also a
        shareholder of TMC, along with his accountant, one Richard J.
        Connell.

              [a]The parties are in disagreement as to the extent of
              this conveyance. Trustees, Richard J. Swartz and
              Terri Blumling, assert this was a temporary
____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

                                           -2-
J-S03018-21

           conveyance for the limited purpose of giving the
           Partnership collateral to obtain financing. TMC alleges
           this was a permanent conveyance.

           [b] Plaintiffs have asserted that David F. Baker III is
           also President of the Partnership. This, however, is
           debated by Defendants. The parties also disagree as
           to Mr. Baker’s ownership stake in the Partnership. It
           has furthermore been alleged by Liberty State, at oral
           argument before this Court on February 13, 2020,
           that Richard J. Swartz is the Vice President and
           Secretary to the Partnership. The exact composition
           of the entities and their management structure is
           murky and has been consistently debated factually by
           all parties.

     Despite the execution of the above-described conveyance,
     American Bridge was never formally notified of any transfer of the
     Coraopolis property. Moreover, American Bridge never received
     a written request for amendment from the Partnership, as
     required by the terms of the Lease. Nonetheless, whether by the
     terms of the Lease, or by court order, American Bridge
     consistently proffered timely rental payments for the entire life of
     the Lease. American Bridge, lacking actual knowledge of the
     conveyance and abiding by the terms of the Lease, did not pay
     rent proceeds to the Partnership.

     On October 18, 2006, following the Trust’s conveyance of the
     Coraopolis property, the Partnership secured a loan from Liberty
     State Mutual (“Liberty State”) in the principal amount of
     $342,000.00. This loan was secured by a promissory note and
     mortgages on the Coraopolis property. The Partnership was
     represented at the closing by David F. Baker III, whom, in addition
     to executing the promissory note as the “General Partner,” also
     executed a surety agreement in which he personally guaranteed
     the obligation to Liberty State.      The Partnership ultimately
     defaulted on its loan payments, and Liberty State subsequently
     filed suit.

                                    ***

     Liberty State filed a Complaint against the Partnership in 2008 at
     GD-08-000324. Liberty State sought an in personam judgment
     against David F. Baker III and the Partnership in the amount of

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     $403,179.00. Liberty State also sought to impose a constructive
     trust or an equitable lien against the mortgaged Coraopolis
     property.[c]

           [c]The Partnership, while acknowledging that David F.
           Baker III authorized the mortgage and promissory
           note at issue, nonetheless denies that the Partnership,
           in and of itself, ever executed any writings in favor of
           Liberty State on the Coraopolis property.           The
           Partnership argues that David F. Baker III lacked any
           authority to sign on behalf of the Partnership and,
           therefore, Liberty State is barred from recouping
           unpaid monies from the Partnership.

     Additional litigation was subsequently filed with this Court in
     January 2013, at GD 12-013946—seven years after the transfer
     of the Coraopolis property to TMC. TMC brought the action, as
     both a general and trading partner, in conjunction with the
     Partnership and David F. Baker III, ex rel. TMC commenced the
     action, alleging that American Bridge, as the lessee of the
     property, improperly paid rent to the Trust instead of TMC. The
     Complaint plead five counts against American Bridge: [I]
     declaratory judgment; [II] quantum valebat; [III] action for
     mesne profits; [IV] in equity; and [V] in contract. The Complaint
     also plead several counts against Trustees, Richard J. Swartz and
     Terri Blumling: [I] in tort (conversion and conspiracy to convert);
     [II] interference with presently existing contractual obligations;
     [III] in contract (unjust enrichment); [IV] accounting at law; and
     [V] accounting in equity. On August 14, 2015, the Honorable
     Christine A. Ward entered an Order consolidating the cases at GD-
     12-013946 and GD-08-000324.

     On March 28, 2017, the Department of Court Records issued a
     Rule to Show Cause why Barbara Fleisher and Michael Ginn should
     not be substituted as Plaintiffs in the action at GD-08-000324.
     James R. Mail, Esq., accepted service of the Rule to Show cause
     on May 17, 2017, for Barbara Fleisher and Michael Ginn. On
     November 3, 2017, American Bridge filed a Motion for Summary
     Judgment, moving this Court to enter an Order in its favor.
     Thereafter, on November 29, 2017, the Partnership filed a Motion
     for Summary Judgment as to the claims of Barbara Fleisher and
     Michael Ginn. This Court heard oral argument on the Motions for
     Summary Judgment on February 13, 2020.

                                    -4-
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     Following oral argument by the parties, this Court granted
     American Bridge’s Motion for Summary Judgment, and denied the
     Partnership’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to the claims of
     Barbara Fleisher and Michael Ginn. All claims against American
     Bridge were dismissed. On February 24, 2020, David F. Baker III,
     by his attorney, Albert J. Zangrilli, Esq., subsequently filed a
     Notice of Appeal to [the Superior] Court. On March 6, 2020, David
     F. Baker III filed a Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal
     Pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. § 1925(b), on behalf of “All Plaintiffs.”

     On February 13, 2020, this Honorable Court additionally entered
     a second order, in which the trial dates for these consolidated
     actions were set for April 15 and April 16, 2020. To this, David F.
     Baker III filed a Motion to Vacate, again on behalf of “All Plaintiffs,”
     in which he argues that the Superior Court of Pennsylvania has
     exclusive jurisdiction over the matter. On March 9, 2020, in
     response to the Appeal and Motion to Vacate, the Partnership filed
     an Answer and New Matter in which they argue that David F. Baker
     III lacks authority to act on behalf of the Partnership and TMC.[d]
     [On July 1, 2020, the trial court filed an opinion requesting this
     Court quash the appeal as interlocutory.]

             The Partnership contends that David F. Baker III
           [d]

           was removed from his position as an officer of TMC on
           August 21, 2008, by a resolution of the corporation’s
           Board of Directors.

Trial Court Opinion, 7/1/20, at 1-5, 7 (some footnotes omitted).

     On March 9, 2020, this Court issued a rule upon Appellants to show

cause why the appeal should not be quashed; we stated, inter alia:

     Appellant has filed this appeal from an order granting summary
     judgment as to one, but not all, defendants. Moreover, a trial has
     been scheduled for April 2020. Therefore, it appears that the
     order is interlocutory and not appealable. See Druot v. Coulter,
     946 A.2d 708 (Pa. Super 2008) (Where multiple defendants in a
     single action were removed from the case in a piecemeal fashion
     each separate judgment becomes appealable when the suit is
     resolved against the final defendant).

     Additionally, this appeal appears to have been filed from two
     different lower court docket numbers. Under Commonwealth v.

                                      -5-
J-S03018-21

      Walker, 185 A.3d 969, 977 (Pa. 2018), Rule 341(a), in
      accordance with its Official Note, requires that when a single order
      resolves issues arising on more than one lower court docket,
      separate notices of appeal must be filed. The failure to do so will
      result in quashal of the appeal.

Order, 5/9/20.

Appellants filed a response, emphasizing that the trial court consolidated the

two underlying actions, and the parties in the two actions are different.

Response, 3/15/20, at unnumbered 1-2. Appellants asserted that where the

trial court has consolidated cases and summary judgment has been entered

against one party, they have “the right to an immediate appeal.”         Id. at

unnumbered 2, citing Malanchuk v. Tsimura, 137 A.3d 1283 (Pa. 2016).

Appellants further claimed Walker “was not apposite or controlling.” Id. at

unnumbered 3.     Then, returning to Malanchuk, Appellants referenced the

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and federal case law, stating that “the United

States Supreme Court supports the reasoning of Malanchuk.” Id. at 4.

      Having received Appellants’ response, this Court entered an order

discharging the rule to show cause, but stating:

      This ruling, however, is not binding upon this Court as a final
      determination as to the propriety of the appeal. The parties are
      advised that the issue may be revisited by the panel to be
      assigned to the case, and the parties should be prepared to
      address, in their briefs or at the time of oral argument, any
      concerns the panel may have concerning this issue.

Order, 3/17/20.

      In its brief, American Bridge argues the trial court’s order was not final

and this appeal should be quashed.         American Bridge’s Brief at 9-12.

                                     -6-
J-S03018-21

Conversely, Appellants argue that the court’s order was final and appealable,

and repeat the argument from their response to this Court’s rule to show

cause. Appellants’ Brief at 35-42.

      “Generally, only final orders are appealable, and final orders are defined

as orders disposing of all claims and all parties.” Spuglio v. Cugini, 818 A.2d

1286, 1287 (Pa. Super. 2003). See also Pa.R.C.P. 341(b)(1) (“A final order

is any order that . . . disposes of all claims and of all parties, or is entered as

a final order pursuant to [Pa.R.C.P. 341(c) ].”). “‘The finality of an order is a

judicial conclusion which can be reached only after an examination of its

ramifications.’ If the practical effect of an order is to put an appellant out of

court by precluding him from presenting the merits of his claim, the order is

appealable.”      West v. West, 446 A.2d 1342 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations

omitted). “It is beyond cavil in this jurisdiction that an order dismissing some,

but not all, counts of a multi-count complaint is generally interlocutory and

not immediately appealable.” Bell v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 634

A.2d 1137, 1138 (Pa. Super. 1993). See also Druot, 946 A.2d at 710 (order

that dismissed all counts of original complaint but not seven counterclaims

was not final).

      The   Pennsylvania    Supreme     Court   carved    out   an   exception   in

Malanchuk v. Tsimura, 137 A.3d 1283 (Pa. 2016). The Court addressed the

issue of “whether an order awarding summary judgment in one of two civil

cases consolidated for purposes of discovery and trial was immediately

                                       -7-
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appealable as of right.” Malanchuk, 137 A.3d at 1284. The Court held that

where cases are consolidated at the trial level, and the court subsequently

grants summary judgment in one of the actions, the order may be

immediately appealable.      Id. at 1284.    The Supreme Court explained that

“complete consolidation between actions involving non-identical parties,

subject matter, issues and defenses, is simply untenable.” Id. at 1286. Thus,

“whether a separate-judgment rule pertains hinges upon whether . . .

consolidated actions merge, thereby erasing the separate identities of the

actions.” Id. Merger only occurs when there is “complete identity of parties

and claims. . . .” Id. at 1288.

        Here, there is not complete identity of parties and claims with Case GD-

12-013946 (the case arising from the lease), and Case GD-08-00324 (the

case arising from the loan). Thus, merger of the consolidated cases did not

occur. Id. at 1288. However, that does not end our inquiry.

        Under Malanchuk, we must examine the order granting partial

summary judgment and determine whether it was a final in case GD-12-

013946. Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 341 provides in pertinent

part:

        (c) Determination of finality.--When more than one claim for
        relief is presented in an action, whether as a claim, counterclaim,
        cross-claim, or third-party claim, or when multiple parties are
        involved, the trial court or other government unit may enter a final
        order as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims and
        parties only upon an express determination that an
        immediate appeal would facilitate resolution of the entire
        case. Such an order becomes appealable when entered. In the

                                       -8-
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       absence of such a determination and entry of a final order, any
       order or other form of decision that adjudicates fewer than
       all the claims and parties shall not constitute a final order.

Pa.R.A.P. 341(c) (emphases added).

       In Case GD-12-013946, there were three defendants: American Bridge,

Richard J. Swartz, and Terri Blumling. Complaint, 1/25/13, at 3. The trial

court’s February 13, 2020 order only dismissed the claims against American

Bridge, not the remaining two defendants, Swartz and Blumling. Moreover,

the trial court did not certify the order as appealable; to the contrary, it

requests we quash this appeal as interlocutory. Trial Court Opinion, 7/1/20,

at 7. Thus, even under Malanchuk, the order in case GD-12-013946 is not

a final, appealable order because claims remain outstanding against two of

the three defendants. See Adams v. Erie Insurance Co., 238 A.3d 428,

432-33 (Pa. Super. 2020) (holding insured’s separate actions against insurer

and putative insurer did not merge under Malanchuk, but quashing appeal

where no final appealable order existed in either action); see also Pa.R.A.P.

341(c); Druot, 946 A.2d at 710; Bell, 634 A.2d at 1138. Accordingly, we

quash this appeal as interlocutory.1

       Appeal quashed.

____________________________________________

1We therefore decline to address whether Appellants have complied with
Walker, supra.

                                           -9-
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      Judge Dubow joins the memorandum.

      Judge Strassburger did not participate in the consideration or decision

of this case.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/1/2021

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