Court Opinion

ID: 4182895
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-06-30 20:08:56.645042+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:39:08.026879
License: Public Domain

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                                                               Electronically Filed
                                                               Supreme Court
                                                               SCWC-13-0000129
                                                               30-JUN-2017
                                                               08:03 AM

                             SCWC-13-0000129

             IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF HAWAI#I

      LEIMOMI LESLIE FRESCH, Individually and as Next Friend
    for Howard K. Leslie, Jr., Respondent/Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                    and

         HOWARD K. LESLIE, SR., Petitioner/Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                     and

      HOWARD K. LESLIE, JR., Respondent/Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                     vs.

             JEFFREY K. KANUI, as Personal Representative
              of the Estate of Jamie K. Tavares, Deceased,
                     Respondent/Defendant-Appellee.

            CERTIORARI TO THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS
                  (CAAP-13-0000129; CIV. NO. 97-0448)

                        MEMORANDUM OPINION
   (By: Recktenwald, C.J., Nakayama, Pollack, and Wilson, JJ.,
     and Intermediate Court of Appeals Associate Judge Chan,1
                in place of McKenna, J., recused)

     1
            The Honorable Derrick H.M. Chan was a Judge of the Circuit Court
of the First Circuit when he was assigned as a substitute justice in this
case. On April 13, 2017, Judge Chan was sworn in as an Associate Judge of the
Intermediate Court of Appeals (ICA).
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            In December 1996, Howard K. Leslie, Jr. (Leslie Jr.)

was driving his employer’s vehicle when Jamie Tavares’s (Tavares)

vehicle struck Leslie Jr.’s head-on.         Tavares was killed and

Leslie Jr. was hospitalized for several months.           Howard K.

Leslie, Sr. (Leslie Sr.) sued the Tavares Estate, with Leimomi

Fresch (Fresch), Leslie Jr.’s mother, joining as a named

plaintiff both individually and as next friend for Leslie Jr.

Leslie Jr., Leslie Sr., and Fresch settled their claims against

the Tavares Estate in consideration for a total payment of

$320,000.    The case was subsequently dismissed with prejudice in

July 1997.

            In April 1998, Leslie Jr. filed a motion to vacate the

dismissal and rescind the settlement.2         That motion was denied,

and Leslie Jr. appealed.       We vacated and remanded for proceedings

to assess the fairness of the apportionment.           Leslie v. Estate of

Tavares, 91 Hawai#i 394, 405, 984 P.2d 1220, 1231 (1999).

            At the fairness hearing, the circuit court found that

Leslie Jr., Leslie Sr., and Fresch, with the help of their

attorney, agreed to a reallocation of settlement proceeds where

Leslie Sr. and Fresch would each receive roughly $50,000 and

      2
            The Honorable Eden Elizabeth Hifo, then known as B. Eden Weil,
presided over the 1998 motion to vacate the dismissal and rescind the
settlement. Judge Hifo also presided over the 2001 fairness hearing. The
case was reassigned to the Honorable Rhonda A. Nishimura on December 9, 2010,
and Judge Nishimura presided over Leslie Jr.’s 2010 motion to enforce and 2012
renewed motion to enforce.

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“kick back” any proceeds in excess of $25,000 to Leslie Jr. to

help him avoid a lien against him belonging to the Hawai#i

Department of Human Services (DHS) for medical expenses incurred

in connection with the accident.         Based on case law holding that

“a court may refuse to enforce contracts that violate [] public

policy[,]” the circuit court ruled that the original settlement

was fair and equitable, and that reallocating the settlement

funds to “effectively enforce the kickback scheme” was not

warranted.

          Leslie Jr. entered into a workers’ compensation

settlement with the State and his former employer in August 2007.

He received a lump sum of $262,500 and the DHS lien was paid off.

          In December 2010, Leslie Jr. filed a motion to enforce

the kickback arrangement or, in the alternative, for relief from

the fairness hearing order.      Leslie Sr. did not oppose the motion

or attend the hearing, and on February 18, 2011, Leslie Jr.’s

request to enforce the kickback agreement was granted.

          In February 2012, Leslie Sr. filed a motion to set

aside the order granting Leslie Jr.’s request to enforce the

original settlement.     Leslie Sr. argued that his counsel

inadvertently failed to oppose the motion, and that the motion

was partially granted because it was unopposed by Leslie Sr.             The

circuit court granted Leslie Sr.’s motion to set aside.            Leslie

Jr. subsequently filed a renewed motion to enforce, which was

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denied, and Leslie Jr. appealed to the ICA.

           In its August 6, 2015 Summary Disposition Order (SDO),

the ICA reversed the circuit court’s order granting Leslie Sr.’s

motion to set aside.     Noting that “[t]he conduct of [Leslie

Sr.’s] counsel appears to be the result of mere carelessness,

which he did not seek to remedy until nearly a full year after

the subject order was entered[,]” the ICA held that “[Leslie

Sr.’s] failure to oppose the motion to enforce was inexcusable

neglect which did not warrant relief under [Hawai#i Rules of

Civil Procedure (HRCP)] Rule 60(b)(1).”         Based on its HRCP Rule

60 holding, the ICA did not reach the underlying substance of the

dispute.   The ICA entered judgment pursuant to its SDO on

November 3, 2015.

           On certiorari, Leslie Sr. asks us to consider whether

his counsel’s failure to oppose the motion to enforce was

excusable neglect, and whether the ICA erred in affirming the

order granting Leslie Jr.’s motion to enforce a kickback scheme

that was previously ruled illegal and unenforceable.

           As set forth below, Leslie Jr.’s appeal of the circuit

court’s July 27, 2012 order granting Leslie Sr.’s motion to set

aside (2012 Order Setting Aside) was untimely, and the ICA lacked

jurisdiction to act on Leslie Jr.’s appeal of this order.             We

therefore vacate the ICA’s November 3, 2015 judgment on appeal as

it pertains to the circuit court’s 2012 Order Setting Aside, and

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reinstate the 2012 Order Setting Aside.         In addition, we hold

that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion when it

denied Leslie Jr.’s renewed motion to enforce.          We therefore

vacate the ICA’s judgment on appeal as it pertains to the circuit

court’s February 1, 2013 order and affirm the circuit court’s

February 1, 2013 order denying Leslie Jr.’s renewed motion to

enforce.   We also vacate the portion of the ICA’s judgment on

appeal granting Leslie Jr.’s request for appellate costs, but

affirm the ICA’s denial of Leslie Jr.’s request for appellate

attorneys’ fees.

                              I. BACKGROUND

A.   Motor Vehicle Accident, Settlement, and Prior Proceedings

           This case has been ongoing for almost twenty years and

has involved two separate civil lawsuits, one worker’s

compensation agreement, three ICA decisions, and five

applications for writ of certiorari, four of which were granted,

including the one we are deciding today.         The following facts and

procedural history are relevant to this appeal.

           On December 22, 1996, Leslie Jr. was driving his

employer’s vehicle when Tavares’s vehicle allegedly crossed the

center line and struck Leslie Jr.         Tavares was killed, and Leslie

Jr. suffered extensive life-threatening injuries and was

hospitalized for several months.         Leslie Sr. sued the Tavares

Estate for negligence, with Fresch joining as a named plaintiff

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both individually and as next friend for Leslie Jr.

(collectively, Plaintiffs).      Plaintiffs settled their claims

against the Tavares Estate in consideration for $250,000, and in

July 1997, the Plaintiffs’ complaint was dismissed with

prejudice.   Plaintiffs also reached settlements in the amount of

$70,000 with the insurers of the vehicle driven by Leslie Jr.

Plaintiffs’ total gross settlement was $320,000.

           In November 1997, DHS faxed to Leslie Jr.’s attorney a

listing of medical expenses that it had paid on Leslie Jr.’s

behalf, stating that the current amount of DHS’s lien against

Leslie Jr. was $47,178.50.

           In April 1998, Leslie Jr. filed a motion to vacate the

dismissal and rescind the settlement, which the circuit court

denied.   Upon appeal to this court, we held in part that the

circuit court abused its discretion in failing to closely

scrutinize the apportionment of the settlement proceeds.            Leslie

v. Estate of Tavares, 91 Hawai#i 394, 405, 984 P.2d 1220, 1231

(1999).   We “remand[ed] for further proceedings . . . concerning

the fairness of the apportionment,” directing the circuit court

to exercise its “duty to insure that [the] settlement agreement

is fair to its ward.”     Id.

           The fairness hearing was held in February 2001.            The

circuit court issued its Findings of Fact (FOF), Conclusions of

Law (COL), and Order on August 22, 2001.         The following FOFs and

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COLs are relevant to this appeal:            Leslie Jr. had “incurred

medical bills in excess of $1.75 million by March of 1997,” and

the “Department of Human Services (DHS) began paying medical

claims in May 1997;” both Mr. Wildman, Plaintiffs’ attorney, and

Plaintiffs “believed the DHS lien would exceed several hundreds

of thousands of dollars;” the State of Hawai#i Child Support

Enforcement Agency (CSEA) imposed a $60,000 lien against Leslie

Jr.’s assets; Mr. Wildman facilitated a kickback scheme between

Leslie Jr., Leslie Sr., and Fresch, where Leslie Sr.’s and

Fresch’s allocations above $25,000 would be informally returned

to Leslie Jr. after the DHS lien was satisfied; and

“overwhelming” evidence showed that the scheme was designed to

maximize Leslie Jr.’s financial recovery and to avoid Leslie Jr.

having to utilize settlement proceeds to satisfy the DHS and CSEA

liens.    The circuit court also found that, by November 1997, Mr.

Wildman allocated the $320,000 settlement proceeds as follows:3
            Wildman Fees plus costs:       $111,529.67
            Leimomi Leslie [Fresch]        $ 61,465.75
            Leslie Sr.                     $ 52,889.67
            Leslie Jr.                     $ 46,936.41
            DHS Lien                       $ 47,178.50

            In its COL relevant to this appeal, the circuit court

concluded that “disturbing the allocation would effectively

enforce the kickback scheme[,] which this Court declines to

do[,]” citing Inlandboatmen’s Union v. Sause Brothers, Inc., 77

      3
            This allocation does not reflect the kickback amounts to be paid
by Leslie Sr. and Fresch to Leslie Jr.

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Hawai#i 187, 194, 881 P.2d 1255, 1262 (App. 1994), for the

proposition that “a court may refuse to enforce contracts that

violate law or public policy.”

            The circuit court thus affirmed the November 1997

allocation of settlement funds without the kickback amounts being

paid to Leslie Jr.      The circuit court entered Judgment pursuant

to its August 22, 2001 FOF, COL, and Order on November 9, 2001,

which the ICA affirmed in an SDO.         Fresch v. Estate of Tavares,

No. 28273 (App. Jan. 15, 2009) (SDO).

            On August 15, 2007, Leslie Jr. entered into a separate

compromise, settlement, and release agreement with his employer

and the State of Hawai#i Special Compensation Fund (SCF),4 in

which SCF agreed to pay Leslie Jr. a lump sum of $262,500 and to

reimburse DHS for the lien amount of $47,178.50.

B.    Leslie Jr.’s Motion to Enforce the Original Settlement

            On December 9, 2010, Leslie Jr. filed a motion to

enforce the original settlement proceeds allocation agreement

between himself, Fresch, and Leslie Sr.--the kickback agreement.

Leslie Sr. does not dispute that the motion was properly served.

Nonetheless, Leslie Sr. did not file a memorandum in opposition

      4
            According to this workers’ compensation settlement, which is
separate from the settlement at issue in Leslie Sr.’s application, Leslie Jr.
filed a WC-5 Employee’s Claim for Workers’ Compensation Benefits on
February 9, 1998. The Director of Labor and Industrial Relations denied
Leslie Jr.’s claim on June 25, 1999, and Leslie Jr. appealed to the Labor and
Industrial Relations Appeals Board (LIRAB) on June 29, 1999. The appeal to
LIRAB was apparently still pending at the time of settlement.

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to Leslie Jr.’s motion to enforce.         Following a hearing, on

February 18, 2011, the circuit court entered an order granting

Leslie Jr.’s motion to enforce, finding that enforcing the

agreement could no longer affect the State of Hawaii’s lien

rights.    Neither Leslie Sr. nor his attorney attended the

hearing.

            On May 18, 2011, the circuit court entered Final

Judgment against Leslie Sr. (2011 Final Judgment) in the amount

of $27,889.75 –- his settlement award of $52,889.67 minus

$24,999.92.    On May 18, 2011, the circuit court entered a

separate final judgment against Fresch in the principal amount of

$36,465.75--her settlement award of $61,465.75 minus $25,000.

C.    Leslie Sr.’s Motion to Set Aside

            On February 13, 2012, more than eight months after the

2011 Final Judgment was entered against Leslie Sr., Leslie Sr.

filed a motion to set aside both the 2011 order granting Leslie

Jr.’s motion to enforce and the 2011 Final Judgment filed against

Leslie Sr.    Leslie Sr. argued that he was not at fault for his

counsel’s inadvertent failure to oppose Leslie Jr.’s motion, for

which the circuit court could grant relief pursuant to HRCP Rule

60(b),5 and that Leslie Jr. would not be prejudiced by reopening.
      5
            HRCP Rule 60 (2006), “Relief from Judgment or Order,” provides in
pertinent part:

            (b) Mistakes; Inadvertence; Excusable Neglect; Newly
            Discovered Evidence; Fraud, etc. On motion and upon
            such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party
                                                                 (continued...)

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           Leslie Jr. argued in response that the motion to set

aside was untimely and that it should be denied because Leslie

Sr.’s actions did not constitute excusable neglect.           Leslie Jr.

also argued that he would be prejudiced if the motion was granted

because he had already instituted collection proceedings against

Leslie Sr. and Fresch based on the final judgments.

           At a hearing on the motion to set aside, Leslie Sr.’s

counsel explained why he failed to appear at the January 14, 2011

hearing on the motion to enforce:
           What happened in this particular case is it came in
           right before I was going on vacation. I sent it off
           to the client, went on vacation, came back. My
           secretary had not calendered it. I had forgotten
           completely all about it. And a few days after the
           hearing, my client called up and said what happened?
           I completely spaced out that there was a hearing or
           there was a motion, and I didn’t even recognize the
           significance of it until afterwards.

           Leslie Sr.’s counsel explained that he eventually

became aware of his failure, and that, at a subsequent hearing on
     5
      (...continued)
           or a party’s legal representative from a final
           judgment, order, or proceeding for the following
           reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or
           excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered evidence which
           by due diligence could not have been discovered in
           time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b); (3)
           fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or
           extrinsic), misrepresentation, or other misconduct of
           an adverse party; (4) the judgment is void; (5) the
           judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged,
           or a prior judgment upon which it is based has been
           reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer
           equitable that the judgment should have prospective
           application; or (6) any other reason justifying relief
           from th operation of the judgment. The motion shall
           be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1),
           (2), and (3) not more than one year after the
           judgment, order, or proceeding was entered or taken.

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a motion for fees and costs, he informed the court of his mistake

and said that a motion to set aside “would be coming.”            Although

he did not explain why he did not raise these issues sooner,

Leslie Sr.’s counsel claimed that Leslie Sr. had a “meritorious

defense” based on the November 9, 2001 Judgment, which was

affirmed by the ICA.     Leslie Sr.’s counsel contended that there

should be an argument on the merits so that the circuit court

could decide if “the circumstances have changed such that [the

kickback] has now become enforceable.”

           On July 27, 2012, the circuit court entered an order

granting Leslie Sr.’s motion to set aside, finding that Leslie

Jr.’s post-collection efforts did not rise to the level of

prejudice and that Leslie Sr. had a potentially meritorious

defense.

D.   Leslie Jr.’s Renewed Motion to Enforce

           Leslie Jr. filed a renewed motion to enforce on

November 26, 2012, in which he largely reiterated his arguments

from his previous motion to enforce.

           Leslie Sr. filed a memorandum in opposition to Leslie

Jr.’s renewed motion to enforce, contending that, after

“successfully defraud[ing]” the State of Hawai#i out of

settlement funds, Leslie Jr. could not now argue that the

kickback scheme could no longer be against public policy.

           In his reply to Leslie Sr.’s opposition, Leslie Jr.

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argued in part that there was no legal or equitable basis for

allowing Leslie Sr. to retain the portion that was supposed to be

kicked back because the DHS lien had been satisfied.

           The circuit court held a hearing on Leslie Jr.’s

renewed motion to enforce on January 11, 2013.           At the hearing,

Leslie Jr. argued that the kickback agreement no longer had any

fraudulent effect because the lien had been satisfied, and that

the kickback agreement should therefore be revisited.

           The circuit court filed its order denying Leslie Jr.’s

renewed motion to enforce on February 1, 2013.6           The court found

that nothing during the intervening period changed the court’s

August 22, 2001 finding that the agreement constituted an

informal kickback scheme.       The court also decided that relief was

not warranted under either HRCP Rule 60(b)(5) or (6), which are

both “extraordinary” remedies.

E.   Leslie Jr.’s Appeal to the ICA

           On March 4, 2013, Leslie Jr. filed a notice of appeal,

appealing from (1) the 2012 Order Setting Aside and (2) the

      6
            The circuit court’s February 1, 2013 order also denied Leslie
Jr.’s December 9, 2010 motion to enforce. However, the circuit court
previously ruled on Leslie Jr.’s motion to enforce on February 18, 2011 and
entered final judgments pursuant to this order on May 18, 2011. Although
Leslie Sr. could have appealed the final judgment, as discussed supra, Leslie
Sr. filed a motion to set aside pursuant to HRCP Rule 60. Therefore, the
circuit court’s denial of Leslie Jr.’s motion to enforce in its February 1,
2013 order was superfluous. See Ditto v. McCurdy, 103 Hawai#i 153, 159-60, 80
P.3d 974, 980-81 (2003) (finding that the time for appealing matters
conclusively decided by an order commenced upon entry of the order, not upon
entry of the superfluous judgment on the order). Leslie Jr.’s November 26,
2012 Renewed motion to enforce did not resurrect his previous mtion to
enforce, and thus Leslie Jr.’s December 9, 2010 motion to enforce was not
before the circuit court when it entered its February 1, 2013 order.

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February 1, 2013 order denying Leslie Jr.’s motion to enforce and

renewed motion to enforce.      Leslie Jr. argued that the circuit

court erred in entering the 2012 Order Setting Aside because

Leslie Sr. had not filed his motion within a reasonable time, and

Leslie Sr.’s failure to oppose the motion constituted inexcusable

neglect.   Leslie Jr. further argued that the court erred in

denying the motion to enforce.

           On August 6, 2015, the ICA issued its SDO reversing the

2012 Order Setting Aside.      The ICA determined that “[t]he conduct

of [Leslie Sr.’s] counsel appears to be the result of mere

carelessness, which he did not seek to remedy until nearly a full

year after the subject order was entered.”         It concluded that

Leslie Sr.’s failure to oppose the original motion to enforce was

“inexcusable neglect which did not warrant relief under HRCP Rule

60(b)(1),” and that the circuit court abused its discretion in

granting Leslie Sr.’s motion to set aside.         Based on these

conclusions, the ICA held that Leslie Jr.’s renewed motion to

enforce was moot and vacated the circuit court’s February 1, 2013

order denying this motion.      Thus, the 2011 order granting Leslie

Jr.’s motion to enforce the kickback allocation was reinstated.

In light of its conclusions, the ICA did not reach the question

of whether the circuit court erred in entering the order denying

Leslie Jr.’s renewed motion to enforce.

           On August 31, 2015, Leslie Jr. filed a request with the

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ICA for appellate costs and attorneys’ fees.           Leslie Jr. sought

to be reimbursed for costs in the amount of $300 and for

attorneys’ fees in the amount of $7,463.50.           Leslie Sr. opposed

Leslie Jr.’s request for attorneys’ fees and costs.            On

September 23, 2015, the ICA issued an order denying the request

for attorneys’ fees and granting the request for costs in the

amount of $300.

          On November 3, 2015, the ICA entered judgment pursuant

to its SDO and its order denying the request for attorneys’ fees

and granting the request for costs.

F.   Leslie Sr.’s Application for Certiorari

          Leslie Sr. timely filed his application for writ of

certiorari on December 31, 2015.          He presents two questions:
          1.      Whether the ICA erred when it determined in its
                  August 6, 2015 Summary Disposition Order that
                  the Circuit Court abused its discretion in
                  ruling that Petitioner-Plaintiff-Appellee’s
                  failure to oppose a Motion to Enforce an illegal
                  kickback scheme was excusable neglect.

          2.      Whether the terms of a 1997 written settlement
                  agreement entered into by all three Plaintiffs
                  and Defendant can be reversed by one Plaintiff’s
                  2010 Motion to Enforce a contradictory alternate
                  oral kickback scheme which was previously ruled
                  illegal and unenforceable by the Circuit Court
                  and the ICA.

                         II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

          An order denying a motion for relief from a judgment

made pursuant to HRCP Rule 60(b) is reviewed on appeal under the

abuse of discretion standard.        Hawai#i Hous. Auth. v. Uyehara, 77

Hawai#i 144, 147, 883 P.2d 65, 68 (1994).         “[T]o constitute an

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abuse of discretion a court must have clearly exceeded the bounds

of reason or disregarded rules or principles of law or practice

to the substantial detriment of a party litigant.”           Amfac, Inc.

v. Waikiki Beachcomber Inv. Co., 74 Haw. 85, 114, 839 P.2d 10, 26

(1992).

                            III.   DISCUSSION

            We conclude that Leslie Jr.’s appeal from the circuit

court’s order granting Leslie Sr.’s motion to set aside was

untimely, and that the ICA lacked jurisdiction to consider this

appeal.    We also conclude that the circuit court did not abuse

its discretion when it denied Leslie Jr.’s renewed motion to

enforce.

A.   Leslie Jr.’s Appeal of the Circuit Court’s July 27, 2012
     Order Granting Leslie Sr.’s Motion to Set Aside Was
     Untimely, and the ICA Lacked Jurisdiction to Hear Leslie
     Jr.’s Appeal of This Order

            We find that the ICA lacked jurisdiction to hear Leslie

Jr.’s appeal of the circuit court’s 2012 order granting Leslie

Sr.’s motion to set aside.      We therefore vacate the portion of

the ICA’s November 3, 2015 judgment on appeal reversing the 2012

Order Setting Aside, and reinstate the 2012 Order Setting Aside.

            “[C]ompliance with the requirement of the timely filing

of a notice of appeal is jurisdictional.”         Ditto v. McCurdy, 103

Hawai#i 153, 157, 80 P.3d 974, 978 (2003).         An appellate court is

obliged to ensure that it has jurisdiction to hear and determine

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each case before it, and to sua sponte dismiss an appeal when it

lacks jurisdiction.     Id.   A judgment rendered by a court without

subject matter jurisdiction is void, and questions about subject

matter jurisdiction may be raised at any stage of the case.             Bush

v. Hawaiian Homes Comm’n, 76 Hawai#i 128, 133, 879 P.2d 1272,

1277 (1994).

           The jurisdiction of appellate courts over civil appeals

is limited to review of “final judgments, orders, or decrees.”

Hawai#i Revised Statutes (HRS) § 641-1(a) (1993).          Post-judgment

orders are appealable final orders under HRS § 641-1(a) “if the

order ends the proceedings, leaving nothing further to be

accomplished.”    Ditto v. McCurdy, 103 Hawai#i at 157, 80 P.3d at

978 (citation omitted).       “Correlatively, an order is not final if

the rights of a party involved remain undetermined or if the

matter is retained for further action.”         Id.   (citation omitted).

           In Ditto v. McCurdy, the circuit court entered a

garnishee order against the Defendants in September 1998.             Id. at

156, 80 P.3d at 977.      In May 1999, this court reversed the

garnishee order, and on November 16, 1999, the Defendants moved

for return of garnished funds and for attorneys’ fees and costs.

Id.   On March 24, 2000, the circuit court granted the motion as

to the garnished funds and costs, but denied the motion as to

attorneys’ fees.    Id.    On September 28, 2000, the circuit court

entered a “Final Judgment on Collateral Issue” based on its

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March 24, 2000 order.     Id.   On October 30, 2000, the Plaintiff

filed a notice of appeal from the March 24, 2000 order and

September 28, 2000 judgment.      Id. at 157, 80 P.3d at 978.         This

court held that the March 24, 2000 order was an appealable order

because it disposed of all issues raised in the November 16, 1999

motion and ended the post-judgment proceeding.          Id.   This court

further held that, because HRCP Rule 58’s separate document rule

applies only “to circuit court orders disposing of claims raised

in a circuit court complaint,” the September 28, 2000 judgment

was “superfluous,” and the time for appealing the issues

conclusively decided in the March 24, 2000 order commenced upon

entry of that order.     Id. at 159-60, 80 P.3d at 980-81 (emphasis

in original).   Therefore, this court held that the Plaintiff’s

October 30, 2000 notice of appeal was untimely, and sua sponte

dismissed the appeal of the March 24, 2000 order and

September 28, 2000 judgment for lack of jurisdiction.            Id. at

160, 80 P.3d at 981.

           Meanwhile, on October 9, 2000, the Plaintiff in Ditto

v. McCurdy filed a motion to set aside the September 28, 2000

judgment pursuant to HRCP Rule 60(b).        Id. at 156-57, 80 P.3d at

977-78.   The circuit court denied this motion on November 20,

2000.   Id. at 157, 80 P.3d at 978.       This court held that an

“order denying a motion for post-judgment relief under HRCP

[Rule] 60(b) is an appealable final order under HRS § 641-1(a).”

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Id. at 160, 80 P.3d at 981.7       This court found that the

Plaintiff’s December 20, 2000 notice of appeal from the

November 20, 2000 order was timely.8         Id. at 161, 980 P.3d at 982.

            Here, the circuit court’s 2012 order granting Leslie

Sr.’s motion to set aside disposed of all issues raised in Leslie

Sr.’s February 13, 2012 motion to set aside, and ended the post-

judgment proceeding regarding the 2011 Final Judgment entered

against Leslie Sr.      The circuit court’s 2012 Order Setting Aside

granted all relief requested in Leslie Sr.’s February 13, 2012

motion to set aside, leaving nothing further to be accomplished

with regard to that motion, and was therefore final.

Accordingly, the 2012 Order Setting Aside was appealable under

HRS § 641-1(a).     See id. at 158, 80 P.3d at 979.

            Hawai#i Rules of Appellate Procedure (HRAP) Rule 4(a)(1)

(2016) provides in relevant part:          “TIME AND PLACE OF FILING.

When a civil appeal is permitted by law, the notice of appeal

shall be filed within 30 days after entry of the judgment or

appealable order.”

      7
            In Bailey v. Duvauchelle, this court held that an order denying an
HRCP Rule 60(b) motion was not appealable because the underlying ruling the
motion sought to vacate was not appealable. 135 Hawai#i 482, 488, 353 P.3d
1024, 1030 (2015). We note that the instant case differs from Bailey v.
Duvauchelle in that Leslie Sr.’s motion to set aside sought relief from the
2011 order granting Leslie Jr.’s motion to enforce and 2011 Final Judgment,
which were appealable orders under HRS § 641-1(a).
      8
            Although this court concluded that the time for appeal began on
entry of the March 24, 2000 order, it found that because HRCP Rule 60(b)
allowed the Plaintiff one year to bring a motion to set aside based on new
evidence, the circuit court had authority to hear the Plaintiff’s October 9,
2000 motion to set aside. Id. at 981, 80 P.3d at 981.

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           In this case, the circuit court issued an order

granting Leslie Sr.’s motion to set aside the order granting

Leslie Jr.’s motion to enforce on July 27, 2012.           Leslie Jr. did

not file a notice of appeal regarding the 2012 Order Setting

Aside until March 4, 2013.      Leslie Jr.’s notice of appeal was

therefore untimely.     See HRAP Rule 4(a)(1).

           In his appeal to the ICA, Leslie Jr.’s statement of

jurisdiction acknowledged that the 2012 Order Setting Aside had

the effect of setting aside the 2011 order granting Leslie Jr.’s

motion to enforce as it pertained to Leslie Sr. as well as the

2011 Final Judgment against Leslie Sr.         Despite this, Leslie Jr.

argued:
                The Order Setting Aside did not dispose of
                Leslie Jr.’s original Motion to Enforce as it
                pertained to Leslie Sr., however. It simply set
                aside the Order Granting Motion to Enforce as
                that order pertained to Leslie Sr. and set aside
                the Final Judgment against Leslie Sr. It was
                therefore preliminary and led up to the Order
                Denying Motion to Enforce entered on February 1,
                2013.

           We reject Leslie Jr.’s argument.        Leslie Sr.’s motion

to set aside requested that the circuit court enter an order

setting aside the 2011 order granting Leslie Jr.’s motion to

enforce as well as the 2011 Final Judgment entered against Leslie

Sr.   The motion to set aside was filed solely by Leslie Sr.;

Fresch did not file a corresponding motion.          The circuit court’s

2012 order granting Leslie Sr.’s motion to set aside expressly

set aside both the 2011 order granting Leslie Jr.’s motion to

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enforce and the 2011 Final Judgment as they pertained to Leslie

Sr.   As in Ditto v. McCurdy, the circuit court’s 2012 Order

Setting Aside disposed of all issues raised in Leslie Sr.’s

motion to set aside, and was therefore an appealable order.             See

Ditto v. McCurdy, 103 Hawai#i at 158, 80 P.3d at 979.           As in Ditto

v. McCurdy, where the order denying an HRCP Rule 60(b) motion for

post-judgment relief was an appealable final order, here the 2012

order granting Leslie Sr.’s HRCP Rule 60(b) motion to set aside

was an appealable final order.       See id. at 160, 80 P.3d at 981.

           Thus, the ICA did not have jurisdiction to hear or act

on Leslie Jr.’s appeal of the July 27, 2012 Order Setting Aside,

and we vacate the portion of the ICA’s November 3, 2015 judgment

on appeal pertaining to the July 27, 2012 Order Setting Aside and

reinstate the July 27, 2012 Order Setting Aside.

B.    Leslie Jr.’s Renewed Motion to Enforce Was Properly Denied
      by the Circuit Court Because Enforcement of the Kickback
      Scheme Would Have Violated Public Policy

           Leslie Jr.’s March 4, 2013 notice of appeal also

appealed the circuit court’s February 1, 2013 order denying

Leslie Jr.’s renewed motion to enforce.         The notice of appeal was

timely with respect to this post-judgment order, and this court

has jurisdiction to review issues “within the parameters” of this

order.   See Indep. Mortg. Trust v. Dolphin, Inc., 57 Haw. 554,

556, 560 P.2d 488, 489–90 (1977) (finding that although the

notice of appeal was untimely with respect to one aspect of the

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appeal and the court lacked jurisdiction to review this aspect,

the notice of appeal was timely with respect to two post-judgment

orders, and the court had appellate jurisdiction to review issues

concerning the post-judgment orders).

           The circuit court did not abuse its discretion when it

declined to enforce the kickback agreement because “no court will

lend its aid to one who founds a cause of action upon an immoral

or illegal act[.]”    United Paperworkers Int’l Union, AFL-CIO v.

Misco, Inc., 484 U.S. 29, 42 (1987).        As the ICA explained in

Inlandboatmen’s Union, we have “recognized the general common law

doctrine that a court may refuse to enforce contracts that

violate law or public policy.”       77 Hawai#i at 194, 881 P.2d at

1262; Aiea Lani Corp. v. Haw. Escrow & Title, Inc., 64 Haw. 638,

646, 647 P.2d 257, 263 (1982) (contract that provided for illegal

kickbacks was unenforceable); see also Wilson v. Kealakekua

Ranch, Ltd., 57 Haw. 124, 128, 551 P.2d 525, 528 (1976) (“Illegal

contracts are generally unenforc[ea]ble.” (citation and internal

quotation marks omitted)).

           Other jurisdictions provide guidance on what

constitutes “public policy.”      Public policy can be “expressed by

. . .   statute[,] administrative regulation[,] judicial

decision[,] the common law[,] . . . long governmental practice[,

or] obvious ethical or moral standards[.]”         17A Am. Jur. 2d,

Contracts § 235 (2017) (citations and formatting omitted).             “The

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underlying inquiry when determining whether a contract violates

public policy is whether the contract has a tendency to be

against the public good, or to be injurious to the public.”              LK

Operating, LLC v. Collection Grp., LLC, 331 P.3d 1147, 1164

(Wash. 2014) (internal quotation marks omitted).

            Here, the record strongly supports the circuit court’s

conclusion that “[t]he sole reason for this kickback scheme was

to reduce the amount of settlement proceeds ostensibly available

to [Leslie Jr.] to satisfy the State’s lien rights.”9            This

attempt to avoid the State’s lien implicates “obvious ethical or

moral standards[,]” and it would be inappropriate for the circuit

court to reward Leslie Jr. for his efforts.           Thus, the circuit

court’s refusal to enforce a contract that it believed to be

against public policy is well supported by legal authority.

            Moreover, HRS § 346-37,10 entitled “Recovery of payments

and costs of medical assistance,” provides the mechanism for DHS

      9
            Leslie Jr.’s former attorney “testified that the distribution was
designed to maximize [Leslie Jr.’s] financial recovery.” Furthermore, the
circuit court found that “[t]he evidence is overwhelming” that Leslie Sr. and
Fresch “were trying to do [Leslie Jr.] a favor” by helping him avoid his DHS
lien.
      10
            HRS § 346-37(c) (Supp. 2012) provides:

            If the department has provided medical assistance or
            burial payment to a person who was injured, suffered a
            disease, or died under circumstances creating a tort
            or other liability or payment obligation against a
            third person, the department shall have a right to
            recover from the third person an amount not to exceed
            the full amount of the costs of medical assistance or
            burial payment furnished or to be furnished by the
            department.

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to recover its long-term medical assistance through liens.

Leslie Sr.’s argument that the kickback scheme “hasn’t become

proper” despite the fact that the State is no longer actively

seeking payment of its lien from Leslie Jr. is persuasive.             The

State of Hawaii’s public policy does not tolerate a lienee

attempting to settle to avoid a government lien.11          If Leslie Jr.

had not entered into his workers’ compensation settlement, then

DHS would likely still be trying to recover funds owed to it by

Leslie Jr.   The fact that DHS no longer has an interest in Leslie

Jr.’s settlement funds does not change the original purpose of

the kickback scheme.     Thus, the circuit court did not abuse its

discretion when it declined to enforce the kickback scheme and

denied Leslie Jr.’s renewed motion to enforce the original

     11
          HRS § 346-37(f) provides in relevant part:

          If liability is found to exist, or if the issue of
          third-party liability is settled or compromised
          without a finding of liability, regardless of who
          institutes legal proceedings or seeks other means of
          recovering, the department shall have a right to
          recover up to the full amount of the costs of medical
          assistance or burial payment made from a settlement,
          award, or judgment. To aid in the recovery of the
          costs, the department shall have a first lien for up
          to the full amount of the costs of medical assistance
          or burial payment made against the proceeds from
          damages recovered in a settlement, award, or judgment.

          If the department has provided medical assistance or
          burial payment to a person who was injured, suffered a
          disease, or died under circumstances creating a tort
          or other liability or payment obligation against a
          third person, the department shall have a right to
          recover from the third person an amount not to exceed
          the full amount of the costs of medical assistance or
          burial payment furnished or to be furnished by the
          department.

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settlement.

                             IV.   CONCLUSION
          For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the ICA

lacked jurisdiction to hear Leslie Jr.’s appeal of the circuit

court’s July 27, 2012 order granting Leslie Sr.’s motion to set

aside, and that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion

when it denied Leslie Jr.’s renewed motion to enforce.

Accordingly, the ICA’s November 3, 2015 judgment on appeal is

vacated, and the circuit court’s July 27, 2012 Order Setting

Aside is reinstated.     The circuit court’s February 1, 2013 order

denying Leslie Jr.’s renewed motion to enforce is affirmed.             The

portion of the ICA’s judgment on appeal granting Leslie Jr.’s

request for appellate costs is vacated, and the ICA’s denial of

Leslie Jr.’s request for appellate attorneys’ fees is affirmed.

          DATED:    Honolulu, Hawai#i, June 30, 2017.

Paul R. Grable                            /s/ Mark E. Recktenwald
for petitioner
                                          /s/ Paula A. Nakayama
Frederick W. Rohlfing III
for respondent                            /s/ Richard W. Pollack
Howard K. Leslie, Jr.
                                          /s/ Michael D. Wilson

                                          /s/ Derrick H.M. Chan

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