Court Opinion

ID: 4550515
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-07-23 12:00:27.149494+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:39:55.613325
License: Public Domain

Case: 19-13357   Date Filed: 07/23/2020   Page: 1 of 10

                                                         [DO NOT PUBLISH]

            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________

                            No. 19-13357
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                   D.C. Docket No. 1:18-cv-02819-AT

EDWARD G. HARRIS,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                  versus

MARIETTA CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT,

                                                          Defendant-Appellee.

                      ________________________

               Appeal from the United States District Court
                  for the Northern District of Georgia
                     ________________________

                              (July 23, 2020)

Before WILLIAM PRYOR, Chief Judge, JILL PRYOR and LAGOA, Circuit
Judges.

PER CURIAM:
                Case: 19-13357       Date Filed: 07/23/2020      Page: 2 of 10

       Edward Harris, proceeding pro se, appeals from the final judgment in favor

of his former employer, the Marietta City School District (the “school district”), in

his employment discrimination action alleging claims under Title VII of the Civil

Rights Act of 1964 (“Title VII”), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq., and the Americans

with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq. On appeal, Harris raises

two arguments. First, he argues that the school district was unresponsive during

litigation and acted in bad faith. Second, he argues that the district court should

have required the parties to confer about the “case value/award.” Appellant’s Br.

at 4. Because neither of these arguments addresses the district court’s dismissal of

Harris’s claims, we affirm.

                                               I.

       In the district court, Harris filed a pro se amended complaint alleging that

while he was employed as a bus driver, the school district violated his rights under

the ADA and Title VII by failing to accommodate his disability, retaliating against

him, and harassing him. 1 He alleged that: the school district was aware that he

suffered from congestive heart failure; he discussed the possibility of receiving a

pacemaker implant with the school district’s transportation director, Kim Ellis,

who laughed and said he “should not be working at all”; the school district denied

       1
         Harris filed his amended complaint after the magistrate judge—in its order granting
Harris leave to proceed in forma pauperis—instructed him to allege with more specificity the
challenged discriminatory employment actions he identified in his original complaint.
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his request for an accommodation by “restrict[ing] and limit[ing]” his doctor visits

to his primary care physician; he filed an administrative complaint with the school

district about “harassment[,] denial of medical treatment[,] and several discharge

and rehire procedures”; and the school district terminated, rehired, and terminated

him again. Doc. 1-1 at 7; Doc. 6 at 8. 2 To his complaint, he attached the charge

form he filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”)

alleging that the school district discriminated against him because of his disability,

his right-to-sue letter from the EEOC, and medical documents. As relief, he

requested that the school district rehire him, pay his medical bills, and pay him

$300,000 in damages.

      In addition to his amended complaint, Harris filed a “motion for summary

judgment by default.” Doc. 5. He argued that the school district had engaged in

“negative, repetitive behavior during the entire litigation process” through its “non-

responsiveness on three scheduled mediation dates with the [EEOC].” Id. at 1.

Citing Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 7.1, he asserted that the school district’s

unresponsiveness created “an [u]ncontested [l]egal [e]nvironment.”

      A magistrate judge reviewed Harris’s amended complaint under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and issued a non-final report and recommendation (“R&R”)

recommending that the district court dismiss Harris’s claims under Title VII but

      2
          Citations in the form “Doc. #” refer to entries on the district court’s docket.
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allow his ADA claims to proceed. The magistrate judge also recommended that

the district court deny Harris’s motion for summary judgment, noting that Harris

provided no authority for his position that he was entitled to summary judgment

based on the school district’s unresponsiveness at the administrative level. The

magistrate judge further concluded that the motion was premature because, at that

point, the school district had not been served with the summons and complaint.

      Harris filed objections to the R&R, in which he appeared to challenge the

magistrate judge’s recommendation that the court deny his motion for summary

judgment. He cited Northern District of Georgia Local Rule 7.1 and contended

that the school district’s “continued [] [un]responsiveness” had “generated an

[u]ncontested [e]nvironment.” Doc. 9 at 2. The district court adopted the R&R

over Harris’s objections and dismissed his Title VII claims but permitted his ADA

claims to proceed.

      Thereafter, the school district filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings

under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(c). The school district contended that

Harris failed to state a failure-to-accommodate, retaliation, or harassment claim

under the ADA. As such, the school district argued that it was entitled to judgment

as a matter of law.

      Harris again filed a motion for summary judgment. He argued that the

school district failed to adequately respond to his ADA claims and instead had

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“launched a frenzy of [f]ishing [e]xpeditions [that] lack[ed] substance.” Doc. 25 at

1. He alleged that Ellis not only laughed when he told her about his congestive

heart failure but also walked out of the meeting entirely and falsely claimed she

was unaware of his disability.

       The magistrate judge, in a second and final R&R, recommended that the

district court grant the school district’s motion for judgment on the pleadings and

deny Harris’s second motion for summary judgment. The magistrate judge

determined that judgment in favor of the school district was appropriate because

Harris’s amended complaint had failed to state a plausible claim for relief under

the ADA. First, the magistrate judge concluded that Harris’s reasonable-

accommodation claim failed because he did not plausibly allege that he requested

an accommodation that would allow him to perform the essential functions of his

job. 3 Second, the magistrate judge concluded that Harris’s unlawful retaliation

claim failed because he did not allege sufficient facts showing that he was

terminated because of his participation in statutorily protected activity. 4 Lastly, the

       3
         See Holdbrook v. City of Alpharetta, Ga., 112 F.3d 1522, 1526 (11th Cir. 1997)
(explaining that, to establish a prima facie case of discrimination under the ADA, the plaintiff
must prove, in part, that he “is an individual with a disability who, with or without reasonable
accommodation, can perform the essential function of the employment position”) (internal
quotation marks omitted).
       4
          See Shotz v. City of Plantation, Fla., 344 F.3d 1161, 1180 (11th Cir. 2003) (explaining
that a plaintiff establishes a prima facie case of retaliation under the ADA when he shows that he

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magistrate judge concluded that Harris’s harassment claim failed because his

allegations that Ellis laughed at him, told him he should not be working, and

walked out of a meeting did not constitute severe or pervasive harassment. 5 For

the same reasons, the magistrate judge recommended that the court deny Harris’s

motion for summary judgment.

       Harris objected to the final R&R, arguing that the magistrate judge failed to

afford him the liberal construction he was due as a pro se litigant and reiterating

two points: The school district was “[un]responsive” in the administrative

proceedings, and its “[un]responsiveness . . . generated the legal uncontested forum

of undisputed material facts.” Doc. 35 at 2–3. The district court adopted the

magistrate judge’s final R&R over Harris’s objections, granted the school district’s

motion for judgment on the pleadings, and denied Harris’s motion for summary

judgment.

       This appeal followed.

                                                 II.

engaged in statutorily protected activity, he suffered an adverse employment action, and the
adverse action was causally related to the protected activity).
       5
          See Harris v. Forklift Sys., Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 21 (1993) (holding that a plaintiff alleging
a harassment claim must show that “the workplace is permeated with discriminatory
intimidation, ridicule, and insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of
the victim’s employment and create an abusive work environment”) (internal quotation marks
and citations omitted).
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      “We review de novo a district court’s entry of judgment on the pleadings,

accepting the facts in the complaint as true and viewing them in the light most

favorable to the nonmoving party.” Horsley v. Feldt, 304 F.3d 1125, 1131 (11th

Cir. 2002). Likewise, we review de novo a district court’s denial of summary

judgment. See Burton v. Tampa Hous. Auth., 271 F.3d 1274, 1276 (11th Cir.

2001). “Summary judgment is appropriate when there are no genuine issues of

material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” McCaleb

v. A.O. Smith Corp., 200 F.3d 747, 750 (11th Cir. 2000).

                                          III.

      On appeal, Harris argues that the district court improperly “accepted the

[school district’s] unacceptable condition of absent[ee]ism[] [and] bad faith,”

which created an “[u]ncontested [l]egal [e]nvironment.” Appellant’s Br. at 4, 6.

He also asserts that the district court should have required the parties to confer

about “the case value/reward.” Id. at 4. He urges us to take his pro se status into

account and disregard any “filing deficiencies[] as moot.” Reply Br. at 1. The

school district responds that Harris has failed to set forth any errors or raise any

substantive objections to the district court’s dismissal of his claims or denial of his

motion for summary judgment, and in any event, the court properly concluded that

Harris failed to state a claim for relief under the ADA or Title VII.

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      We agree with the school district that Harris has abandoned any challenge to

the district court’s dismissal of his ADA and Title VII claims by failing to address

these claims in his opening brief. Although we read briefs filed by pro se litigants

like Harris liberally, “issues not briefed on appeal by a pro se litigant are deemed

abandoned.” Timson v. Sampson, 518 F.3d 870, 874 (11th Cir. 2008) (internal

citations omitted). We further conclude that Harris forfeited his argument that the

parties should have conferenced about the “case value/award” by failing to raise

that argument in the district court. See Access Now, Inc. v. Sw. Airline Co., 385
F.3d 1324, 1331 (11th Cir. 2004) (noting that we have “repeatedly held that an

issue not raised in the district court and raised for the first time in an appeal will

not be considered by this court”) (internal quotation marks omitted). But even if

Harris had not forfeited the issue, he has not explained how it relates to the

dismissal of his Title VII and ADA claims.

      Turning to Harris’s argument about the school district’s unresponsiveness

during the litigation—which he raised in his motions for summary judgment and

objections to the initial and final R&Rs, as well as in his briefing on appeal—we

conclude that it is without merit. To the extent Harris challenges the school

district’s purported unresponsiveness or bad faith during the underlying EEOC

proceedings, he has failed to provide any factual or legal support for his claim. See

Sapuppo v. Allstate Floridian Ins. Co., 739 F.3d 678, 681 (11th Cir. 2014) (“[A]n

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appellant abandons a claim when he either makes only passing references to it or

raises it in a perfunctory manner without supporting arguments or authority.”)

      Nor has he shown that the school district acted in bad faith or failed to

adequately respond to his filings in the district court. In support of his argument

that the school district’s purported unresponsiveness created an “[u]ncontested

[l]egal [e]nvironment,” he cites Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 7.1. Appellant’s

Br. at 6. However, he has not explained how that rule, which requires

nongovernmental corporate parties to file disclosure statements, applies to his case.

Fed. R. Civ. P. 7.1.

      Likewise, even if we liberally construe Harris’s argument and assume that

he intended to cite to Local Rule 7.1, his argument still fails. Local Rule 7.1(B)

requires a party to respond to a motion for summary judgment within 21 days after

the service of the motion. N.D. Ga. L. R. 7.1(B). Failure to do so “indicate[s] that

there is no opposition to the motion.” Id. Here, the school district could not have

responded to Harris’s first motion for summary judgment—which the district court

denied as premature—because he filed it before the school district was served with

the summons and complaint. As to Harris’s second motion for summary judgment,

a review of the record shows that he served it on the school district on March 4,

2019, and the school district responded on March 26, 2019—22 days after Harris

served the motion. Even if we assume that the school district’s response was

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untimely under Local Rule 7.1, thus making his second summary judgment motion

unopposed, he was not entitled to automatic relief on his motion. See Magluta v.

Samples, 162 F.3d 661, 664 (11th Cir. 1998) (noting that dismissal under Local

Rule 7.1(B) is not “automatic” when a party fails to timely respond to a summary

judgment motion). Beyond his conclusory assertion that the school district created

an “[u]ncontested [l]egal [e]nvironment,” Harris has not argued that it was error for

the court to decline to grant him relief due to the school district’s late response.

See Sapuppo, 739 F.3d at 681. We thus reject this argument.

      Harris has advanced no other arguments challenging the district court’s

denial of his motion for summary judgment and grant of the school district’s

motion for judgment on the pleadings. Accordingly, the judgment of the district

court is

      AFFIRMED.

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