Court Opinion

ID: 4243108
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-07 21:04:12.454527+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:44:18.290318
License: Public Domain

ORiGif AL
                        1Jn tbe Wntteb ~tates cteourt of jfeberal ctelatms
                                                          No. 16-1662C
                                                    (Filed: February 7, 2018)

               **************************
                                            *                                                    FILED
               GINA PATRICE BIGELOW et al., *                                                  FE3 - 7 2018
                                            *
                         Plaintiffs,        *                                                 U.S. COURT OF
                                            *                                                FEDERAL CLAIMS
                         v.                 *
                                            *
               THE UNITED STATES,           *
                                            *
                         Defendant.         *
                                                                  *
               * * ** ** * * ******** *** *******

                                                  ORDER OF DISMISSAL

              WILLIAMS, Judge.
                     This matter comes before the Court on Defendant's motion to dismiss. For the reasons
             stated below, Defendant's motion to dismiss is granted.

                                                         Background 1
                     Plaintiffs pro se Gina Patrice Bigelow, Wsydom Ali Y'sra El, Daniel Biggers, John
             Thomas Grissom, Diana Hunt, Joyce Sasnett, and Jean M . and Lyman E. Stewart, allege that their
             children, and in the case of the Stewarts, their nieces, were unlawfully removed from their care in
             a scheme they call "Kids for Cash." Compl. 3, 51 -58. Plaintiffs claim that the states of New
             Jersey, North Carolina, Arizona, and Indiana fraudulently removed the children from their homes
             as pa1t of a forcible adoption arrangement, in which the states pa1ticipated to receive federal
             funding. Id. at 101. Plaintiffs allege a number of civil rights violations, as well as Constitutional
             and criminal violations, and seek class ce1tification, the return of the children, a writ of habeas
             corpus, and damages of $1,000,000 per child for each year the child was taken and $1,000,000 for
             each Plaintiff for each year each child was taken. Plaintiffs fu1ther seek damages in the following
             amounts "in treble": $250,000 for "violation of oath of office," $250,000 for slavery, $1,000,000
             for genocide, $10,000 for conspiracy, $5,000 for extortion, $10,000 for fraud, $10,000 for

                     This background is derived from Plaintiffs' 125-page complaint.

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falsification of documents, $2,000 for perjury, $2,000 for subornation of perjury, $250,000 for
grand theft, and $25,000 for racketeering. Id. at 109-10.

                                            Discussion

       Plaintiff has the burden of establishing subject-matter jurisdiction in this Comt. See
Reynolds v. Army & Air Force Exch. Serv., 846 F.2d 746, 748 (Fed. Cir. 1988). The Court must
dismiss the action if it finds subject-matter jurisdiction to be lacking. Adair v. United States, 497
F.3d 1244, 1251 (Fed. Cir. 2007). The Court assumes all factual allegations as true, and will
construe the complaint in a manner most favorable to Plaintiff when ruling on a motion to dismiss
pursuant to Rule 12(b)(l). Pennington Seed, Inc. v. Produce Exch. No. 299, 457 F.3d 1334, 1338
(Fed. Cir. 2006).

        The filings of pro se litigants are held to '"less stringent standards than formal pleadings
drafted by lawyers."' Naskar v. United States, 82 Fed. Cl. 319, 320 (2008) (quoting Haines v.
Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972)). However, prose plaintiffs still bear the bmden of establishing
the Court's jurisdiction and must do so by a preponderance of the evidence. See Reynolds, 846
F.2d at 748; Tindle v. United States, 56 Fed. Cl. 337, 341 (2003).

       The Tucker Act provides that this Comi:

       shall have jurisdiction to render judgment upon any claim against the United States
       founded either upon the Constitution, or any Act of Congress or any regulation of
       an executive department, or upon any express or implied contract with the United
       States, or for liquidated or unliquidated damages in cases not sounding in tort.

28 U.S.C. § 149l(a)(l) (2016). The Tucker Act is not money-mandating, but rather is a
jurisdictional statute. United States v. Testan, 424 U.S. 392, 398 (1976). To establishjurisdiction,
a plaintiff must seek money damages under a source of substantive law. "[T]he claimant must
demonstrate that the source of substantive law he relies upon 'can fairly be interpreted as
mandating compensation by the Federal Government for the damages sustained."' United States
v. Mitchell, 463 U.S. 206, 216-17 (1983) (quoting Testan, 424 U.S. at 400); see Jan's Helicopter
Serv. Inc. v. Fed. Aviation Admin., 525 F.3d 1299, 1306 (Fed. Cir. 2008) ("[A] plaintiff must
identify a separate source of substantive law that creates the right to money damages." (internal
citation and quotation marks omitted)).

        Plaintiffs name the Depaiiment of Justice, the Depaiiment of Health and Human Services,
and over 200 state and local agencies and officials from the states of Arizona, Nevada, Vermont,
Indiana, Kentucky, New Jersey, Georgia, Pennsylvania, California, North Carolina, and the
District of Columbia, as well as the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland. Comp!. 4-41. The
only proper defendant in this Court is the United States. United States v. Sherwood, 312 U.S. 584,
588 (1941); Berdick v. United States, 612 F.2d 533, 536 (Ct. Cl. 1979). To the extent that Plaintiffs
allege claims against parties other than the United States, this Comi lacks jurisdiction to entertain
those claims.

        The gravamen of Plaintiffs' complaint is that state and local agencies and officials, using
the comi system, improperly removed their children from their care, as paii of a criminal scheme
to receive federal funding, what the Plaintiffs refer to as "Kids for Cash." However, this Court has
no authority to review decisions rendered by state courts. See D.C. Ct. App. v. Feldman, 460 U.S.

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462, 482 (1983) (stating that review of state court judgments "may be had only in [the Supreme]
Court"); Landers v. United States, 39 Fed. Cl. 297, 301 (1997) ("This Court does not have the
power to review state court actions."). Plaintiffs allege that as a result of this criminal enterprise,
their civil and Constitutional rights have been violated. Plaintiffs invoke 28 U.S.C. §§ 1332 and
1443 as the basis for jurisdiction in this Court, however jurisdiction based upon diversity and civil
rights claims is vested in the district courts, not this Cowi. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1332, 1443 (2016); Shame
v. United States, 112 Fed. Cl. 468, 476 (2013) (stating that "the Cowi of Federal Claims is not a
district cowi").

        Plaintiffs allege violations of the Eighth, Fifth and Fowieenth Due Process Clause as well
as the Equal Protection Clause of the Fowieenth, Seventh, Sixth, First, Ninth, and Fourth
Amendments to the Constitution, as well as the Supremacy Clause of Article VI. However,
because none of these provisions are money-mandating, they cannot form a basis for this Court's
jurisdiction. Trafny v. United States, 503 F.3d 1339, 1340 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (per curiam) (finding
that the Eighth Amendment is not money-mandating); LeBlanc v. United States, 50 F.3d 1025,
1028 (Fed. Cir. 1995) (finding that the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fowieenth
Amendments, as well as the Equal Protection Clause of the Fowieenth Amendment, are not
money-mandating and therefore are insufficient as a basis for jurisdiction); Abbas v. United States,
124 Fed. Cl. 46, 55-56 (2015) (finding that the Seventh Amendment is not money-mandating);
Turpin v. United States, 119 Fed. Cl. 704, 707 (2015)(finding that Sixth Amendment is notmoney-
mandating); Hernandez v. United States, 93 Fed. Cl. 193, 198 (2010) (stating that the First
Amendment is not money-mandating); Fry v. United States, 72 Fed. Cl. 500, 507-08 (2006)
(finding that the Ninth Amendment is not money-mandating); LaChance v. United States, 15 Cl.
Ct. 127, 130 (1988) (finding that the Fourth Amendment is not money-mandating); see also Lord
Noble Kato Bakari El v. United States, 127 Fed. Cl. 700, 705 (2016) (finding that the Supremacy
Clause of Article VI of the Constitution is not money mandating).

        Plaintiffs also allege violations of 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983, 1985, 1986, and 14141,2 however
jurisdiction over civil rights violations is vested exclusively in the district courts. Harris v. United
States, No. 16-658C, 2016 WL 6236606, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Oct. 25, 2016), affd, 686 F. App'x 895
(Fed. Cir. 2017); Del Rio v. United States, 87 Fed. Cl. 536, 540 (2009). Similarly, this Court does
not have the authority to hear Plaintiffs' claim pursuant to the False Claims Act ("FCA"), 31 U.S.C.
§§ 3729 et seq., as jurisdiction is vested exclusively in the district cowis. 31 U.S.C. § 3732(a)
(2012); see also LeBlanc, 50 F.3d at 1031; Schweitzer v. United States, 82 Fed. Cl. 592, 595-96
(2008). 3

        Plaintiffs also allege violations of a panoply of criminal statutes in co1111ection with their
claim that state and local officials unlawfully removed their children from their custody: 18 U.S.C.
§§ 4 (Misprison of felony), 201 (Bribery of public officials and witnesses), 215 (Receipt of
commissions or gifts for procuring loans), 241 (Conspiracy against right), 242 (Deprivation of
rights under color of law), 371 (Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States), 641
(Public money, prope1iy or records), 654 (Officer or employee of United States conve1iing

2
        As of September 1, 2017, 42 U.S.C. § 14141 was re-codified as 34 U.S.C. § 12601.

3      In contract disputes, this Court has jurisdiction to entertain FCA claims, as counterclaims
by the United States. See, e.g., Ulysses, Inc. v. United States, 110 Fed. Cl. 618, 641-47 (2013).
                                                   3
property of another), 666 (Theft or bribery concerning programs receiving Federal funds), 1001
(Statements or entries generally), 1091 (Genocide), 120 1 (Kidnapping), 1341 (Frauds and
swindles), 1346 (Definition of "scheme or artifice to defraud"), 1349 (Attempt and conspiracy),
1506 (Theft or alteration of record or process; false bail), 1512 (Tampering with a witness, victim,
or an informant), 1622 (Subornation of pe1jury), 1623 (False declarations before grand jury or
comt), 1951 (Interference with commerce by tlu·eats or violence), 1956 (Laundering of monetary
instruments), 23 31 (Definitions), and the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, 18
U.S.C. §§ 1961-68. However, this Court lacks jurisdiction over criminal matters. Joshua v. United
States, 17 F.3d 378, 379 (Fed. Cir. 1994); Dumont v. United States, 85 Fed. Cl. 425 , 430 (2009),
aff'd, 345 F. App'x 586 (Fed. Cir. 2009).

        Plaintiffs allege that Defendant's behavior constitutes "trespass on the case," violation of
the "assumption of duty," defamation of character, trespass, and slander, and claim that they have
suffered from dmess, mental anguish, and emotional distress. As each of these sound in tort, this
Comt does have jurisdiction over these claims. Rick's Muslu·oom Serv., Inc. v. United States, 521
F.3d 1338, 1343 (Fed. Cir. 2008); Lord Noble Kato Bakari El, 127 Fed. Cl. at 704 (finding that
trespass sounds in tmt).

        Plaintiffs allege violation of the United Nations' Declaration of Human Rights, but this
Court lacks jurisdiction over alleged violations of international agreements. Pikulin v. United
States, 97 Fed. Cl. 71, 77-78 (2011) (finding that generally, "multinational agreements do not
create enforceable obligations"). Plaintiffs allege a violation of 28 U.S.C. § 1691, Seal and teste
of process, but this Comt lacks jurisdiction over this claim, as this provision is not money-
mandating.

        In addition to their request for monetary damages, Plaintiffs seek equitable relief, asking
that this Comt return the children and locate those that "have aged out and have been
emancipated." Compl. 108. However, this Court's authority to grant equitable relief is limited to
ce1tain tax cases, bid protests, and situations where such relief is an "incident of and collateral to"
a monetary judgment. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1491(a)(2)-(b), 1507-08 (2016); Martinez v. United States,
333 F.3d 1295, 1303 (Fed. Cir. 2003). As these conditions are not met here, this Comt lacks the
authority to grant Plaintiffs' requested equitable relief. Plaintiffs also seek a writ of habeas corpus,
but this Court does not have the authority to grant writs of habeas corpus. 28 U.S.C. § 2241(a)
(2016); see Ledford v. United States, 297 F.3d 1378, 1380-81 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (per cmiam).

                                                 Conclusion

        Defendant's motion to dismiss is GRANTED. The Clerk is directed to dismiss this action.

                                                        Judge

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