Court Opinion

ID: 2643029
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-11-20 01:02:05.374251+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:52:23.176301
License: Public Domain

Filed 11/19/13 P. v. Ward CA3
                                           NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
                                      THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                                     (Sacramento)
                                                            ----

THE PEOPLE,                                                                                  C070462

                   Plaintiff and Respondent,                                     (Super. Ct. No. 11F00913)

         v.

DELANIOUS AUBRA WARD,

                   Defendant and Appellant.

         Leslie Ligons and defendant Delanious Aubra Ward began as friends, but over
time their relationship deteriorated. Defendant left numerous threatening messages on
the phone Ligons shared with her longtime companion, James Dalbert. Defendant’s
threats escalated and he made several trips to the couple’s home. Ultimately, defendant
pulled a knife and began to tussle with Dalbert. Dalbert and Ligons both suffered stab
wounds.
         An information charged defendant with making criminal threats, misdemeanor
vandalism, and assault with a deadly weapon. (Pen. Code, §§ 422, 594, subd. (a), 245,

                                                             1
subd. (a)(1).)1 The jury convicted defendant of all counts except misdemeanor
vandalism. Sentenced to state prison for a determinate term of 65 years plus four
consecutive terms of 25 years to life, defendant argues he received ineffective assistance
of counsel, sentencing error, and erroneous calculation of custody credits. We shall
affirm the judgment.
                   FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
        In February 2011 officers responded to a 911 call reporting a stabbing involving
Ligons and Dalbert. Subsequently, an amended information charged defendant with
making criminal threats (counts one & five), misdemeanor vandalism (count two), and
assault with a deadly weapon (counts three & four.) The information alleged that in
conjunction with count three defendant had personally inflicted great bodily injury on the
victim, Leslie Ligons, and with respect to count four had personally inflicted great bodily
injury on the victim, James Dalbert, who was 70 years of age and older. (Former
§ 12022.7, subds. (a), (c).)
        The amended information also alleged that defendant had three prior strikes
pursuant to sections 667, subdivisions (b) through (i) and 1170.12. The prior strikes
included two convictions for lewd and lascivious acts with a child and one for voluntary
manslaughter. The information alleged these convictions were serious felonies under
section 667, subdivision (a). (§§ 288, subd. (a), 192, subd. (a).) The information also
alleged two prior prison commitments pursuant to section 667.5, subdivision (b).
        A jury trial followed. The following evidence was adduced at trial.
The Relationships
        Dalbert and Ligons, who considered themselves married, lived together in
Sacramento. Dalbert and Ligons had been a couple for approximately nine years.

1   All further references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise designated.

                                              2
       Ligons and defendant became friends about five years prior to trial. Over the
years, their relationship deteriorated. Ligons believed defendant was obsessed with her
and jealous of Dalbert.
       Dalbert only knew defendant through Ligons. Ligons and Dalbert shared the same
cell phone.
The Threats Begin
       Defendant began calling Ligons and Dalbert’s cell phone and leaving messages.
Defendant called Ligons a bitch and said he was going to “kick [her ass],” and “he was
gonna kill [Ligons] and kill Mr. Dalbert.” Defendant would sometimes call back and
apologize for his behavior. The calls made Ligons feel threatened and angry.
       On January 31, 2011, defendant called the cell phone and said he was coming to
Ligons’s home to kill her “if it took a year or two years.” Defendant demanded Ligons
return his “stuff.” Ligons did not know what he was talking about and said she was going
to call the police.
       When Dalbert asked defendant where he was, defendant told him to look out the
window. Dalbert looked out and saw defendant coming down the street with his pit bull.
Defendant stopped across the street and screamed threats that he would kill Ligons.
       Ligons also saw defendant and his dog across the street from her house, “[r]anting
and raving” and threatening to kill both Ligons and Dalbert. Defendant said he was
going to set Ligons’s house on fire and break all the windows.
       Ligons called the police. The 911 call was played for the jury. Defendant left
before the police arrived.
       Defendant returned the following day. Ligons heard the doorbell, heard defendant
threatening to kill her, and heard him banging on the security screen. After defendant

                                            3
left, Ligons discovered the side of the security screen had been kicked in and the lock
was damaged. Defendant smashed in the mailbox and slashed a window screen.2
The Stabbing
        The following day defendant left more threatening messages on the cell phone.
Defendant said he was on his way to their home and was going to kill Ligons. Dalbert
and Ligons saw defendant walking down the street. He arrived and began ranting and
raving, and calling Ligons names. Dalbert asked defendant to leave.
        Ligons went outside. Defendant pulled out a knife and threw it into the grass.
Ligons told him she was going to call the police.
        Defendant grabbed the knife, and he and Dalbert began to struggle. Ligons saw
blood and knew Dalbert had been stabbed. When Ligons attempted to intervene and
protect Dalbert, defendant stabbed her in the shoulder.
        Dalbert used a mop handle to knock the knife out of defendant’s hand. Dalbert hit
defendant in the head, and Ligons ran into the house to call 911. Ligons gave police
defendant’s address. Dalbert picked up the knife and brought it in the house. When
officers arrived, Dalbert told them where the knife was and gave them the handle he had
used to fight off defendant.3
        Dalbert bled profusely from the cut on his cheek and was taken to the hospital by
ambulance. His wound required 64 stitches, caused nerve damage and dental problems,

2   Dalbert thought the incident occurred prior to the incident with the pit bull.
3 Dalbert’s recollection of events differed from Ligons’s in some of the details.
Defendant approached the house and Ligons went out to talk to him. Dalbert saw
defendant swing at Ligons, who screamed that she had been cut. Dalbert, who is in his
midseventies, picked up the mop handle that he had placed by the door for protection.
Defendant swung at Dalbert and stabbed him in the face, cutting his cheek. Dalbert
swung the mop handle and knocked the knife out of defendant’s hand. Defendant kept
coming, so Dalbert hit him again. He hit defendant in the head because defendant kept
coming at him, trying to get the knife.

                                               4
and impacted his speech. Ligons also went to the hospital, where her shoulder was
stitched up.4
Defendant’s Arrest
        When an officer arrived, he found a blood trail from the street, up the driveway, to
the kitchen. Blood “trailed off down the sidewalk” as well. The officer encountered the
wounded Dalbert and Ligons, requested medical aid, and questioned the pair. They
identified the knife.
        Another officer saw defendant walking nearby and thought he might be involved
in the incident. Defendant appeared to have blood on his shirt, face, and hands.
Defendant told the officer that Dalbert and Ligons had beaten him up. An ambulance
took defendant to the hospital.
        At the hospital, after being advised of his Miranda rights,5 defendant told officers
that Ligons had been at his house on January 31, 2011, and had stolen his hair clippers,
worth $50 or $60. He went to Ligons’s house to get his money back.
        When defendant arrived at Ligons’s house, Ligons and Dalbert came out and
asked him to get rid of his knife. Defendant took his knife out of his pocket and threw it
onto the grass. After defendant gave up his knife, Ligons and Dalbert beat him with a
wooden cane. The only provocation was defendant’s request for reimbursement.
        According to defendant, he never retrieved the knife or stabbed anyone. He had
no idea how Ligons and Dalbert were injured. He left when the pair told him they were
calling the police.

4 During cross-examination, Ligons admitted a misdemeanor check fraud conviction in
2003.
5   Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436 [16 L.Ed.2d 694] (Miranda).

                                              5
Defendant in the Hospital
       A hospital emergency room nurse testified that after his admission, defendant was
belligerent, cursing, angry, and making inappropriate comments. Defendant made threats
and said, “I’m gonna go back and kill that mother fucker.” An officer at defendant’s
bedside also heard defendant make the statement; defendant was agitated and angry.
       Another nurse who treated defendant described him as combative, yelling and
cursing at the staff. The staff treated defendant for a cut on his forehead and put on a
neck brace. Defendant tried to remove the brace and get off of the gurney. Although he
was handcuffed to the bed, it took additional medical staff to restrain him.
Additional Evidence
       Kenneth Rapier knew defendant. He last saw defendant prior to the stabbing
incident, when defendant came to his house to show him his dog. Defendant appeared to
have been drinking but did not seem intoxicated. Rapier later saw defendant walking his
dog. As Rapier drove by, defendant shouted out, asking where “the girl” lived.
Defendant also called the woman he was asking about a derogatory name.
       Rapier told a district attorney’s investigator that defendant appeared to be “high.”
Defendant told Rapier his shaver was missing and he believed Ligons had taken it.
Rapier also testified that Ligons said she and defendant had an intimate relationship. He
had seen Ligons at defendant’s home on several occasions.
Defense Case
       A detective spoke with Ligons on March 1, 2011. Ligons told the detective she
had received unwanted phone calls from defendant at some point in the past, prompting
her and Dalbert to relocate.
       On February 1, 2011, defendant came to her home and pounded on the door, but
she did not see him actually damage the mailbox or the door. As for the stabbing
incident, Ligons stated she had received a threatening phone call from defendant and saw
him walking down the street with a knife. Defendant and Dalbert struggled, and Ligons

                                             6
hit defendant with a cane. Defendant stabbed her in the shoulder. Dalbert hit defendant
with a metal object, and defendant stabbed Dalbert in the face.
       During cross-examination, the detective testified Ligons appeared confused about
the sequence of events. The detective’s report described Ligons as unclear as to the exact
order of events.
       Lynn Richards, a neighbor of defendant, identified photographs of Ligons that
showed Ligons in defendant’s bedroom. Ligons told Richards that defendant was her
lover; Richards had seen Ligons enter defendant’s home at night. Ligons also said she
told Dalbert she was not seeing defendant even though she was.
       During cross-examination, Richards stated that on the day of the stabbing she
spoke with defendant and he appeared to have been drinking. Defendant was angry
because his hair clippers were missing and he believed Ligons was the thief.
       Julie Scott, who knows both Ligons and defendant, testified Ligons told her that
she and defendant had a romantic relationship. Ligons said the relationship had endured
for four years. Scott also testified Dalbert knew about the relationship, and she saw
Dalbert and Ligons argue about it. Scott had been previously convicted of child cruelty,
assault with a deadly weapon, and theft.
Verdict and Sentencing
       The jury found defendant guilty on all counts except count two, misdemeanor
vandalism. With respect to count three, the jury found defendant had not inflicted great
bodily injury on Ligons, but with respect to count four found that defendant had inflicted
great bodily injury on Dalbert. The court found defendant had suffered three prior
strikes.
       The court sentenced defendant as follows: count one, making criminal threats,
25 years to life; count three, assault with a deadly weapon, 25 years to life; count four,
assault with a deadly weapon, 25 years to life; and count five, making criminal threats,
25 years to life. In addition, the court sentenced defendant to an additional five years

                                              7
under former section 12022.7, subdivision (c). The sentences are to be served
consecutively.
       The court also sentenced defendant to an additional five years for each of his three
prior convictions and ordered the enhancements to be imposed individually as to each of
the three strikes counts. The court did not impose sentence for the two prior prison term
commitments. Defendant’s total sentence is a determinate prison term of 65 years and
four consecutive indeterminate terms of 25 years to life. Defendant filed a timely notice
of appeal.
                                       DISCUSSION
                             Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
       Defendant argues counsel performed ineffectively in failing to object under
Evidence Code sections 352 and 1101 to the admission of the threat he made in the
hospital, “ ‘I’ll go back and kill that motherfucker.’ ” Defendant also faults defense
counsel for failing to request a limiting instruction once the statement was admitted.
Background
       Prior to trial, defense counsel asked that some of defendant’s statements in the
hospital be excluded. The trial court agreed to exclude several statements.
       Defense counsel argued defendant’s statement, “ ‘I’ll go back and kill that
motherfucker,’ ” was irrelevant. Defense counsel reasoned: “Now, we have to remember
what’s happened at this point. He’s in -- there is some sort of altercation between my
client and the two complaining witnesses here. My client has this -- was struck very hard
on the head. In fact, I think the court might be able to see that he still has that scar on his
head from the blow that he received. [¶] If he at that point is angry and says, ‘I’ll go
back and kill that motherfucker,’ that is a statement, if said and if believed, expressing his
feeling 30 minutes after the event. The fact that he might be angry and might wish them
ill is not relevant to what his state of mind was at the time of the event.”

                                               8
       The prosecution responded: “Well, I believe that might be his argument for the
jury. It’s highly relevant to his state of mind at the time of the event; I mean, especially
when you have a [section] 422 charge and a specific element that must be proven is the
defendant’s intent that the statement be taken as a threat. [¶] The jury is being asked to
get into his mind, and what better way to get into his mind than to hear and see what he is
doing in the time surrounding the event in the moments before and the moments after.”
The trial court ruled: “I find that that statement is relevant, and it is admissible.”
       During trial, the prosecution asked the court to revisit its ruling on the other
statements defendant made at the hospital. The court again found the evidence
inadmissible under Evidence Code section 352.
Discussion
       To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show counsel’s
performance was deficient and fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, and it
is reasonably probable that a more favorable result would have been reached absent the
deficient performance. (Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668, 687-688
[80 L.Ed.2d 674].) A reasonable probability is a “probability sufficient to undermine
confidence in the outcome.” (Id. at p. 694.)
       In addition, we review a trial court’s decision on the admissibility of evidence
under the abuse of discretion standard. We reverse only if the court acted in an arbitrary,
capricious, or patently absurd manner that resulted in a miscarriage of justice. (People v.
Rodriguez (1999) 20 Cal.4th 1, 9-10.)
       According to defendant, defense counsel’s failure to object under Evidence Code
sections 352 and 1101, and failure to request a limiting instruction once the trial court
admitted his hospital statement, deprived defendant of the effective assistance of counsel,
thereby violating his rights under the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Defendant further argues there could be no reasonable tactical basis for defense counsel’s
failure to object, and defendant was prejudiced by the admission of the hospital threat.

                                               9
       Any objection by defense counsel based on Evidence Code section 352 would
have been futile. Defense counsel objected on grounds of relevance, and the trial court
rejected the challenge.
       Under Evidence Code section 352, the trial court enjoys broad discretion in
assessing whether the probative value of particular evidence is outweighed by concerns
of undue prejudice, confusion, or consumption of time. Even though the record must
show the trial court weighed prejudice against probative value, we may infer the
necessary showing from the record in the absence of an express statement by the trial
court. (People v. Prince (2007) 40 Cal.4th 1179, 1237.)
       Defendant was charged with making criminal threats against Ligons, and with
assaulting Ligons and Dalbert with a knife. Defendant told police he was attacked by
Ligons and Dalbert and that he had abandoned his knife in the grass. Defendant’s
comments to the nurse at the hospital, a continuation of his threats against Ligons, were
probative of his state of mind. Nor was the statement more inflammatory than his threats
made prior to the stabbing. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding the
statement admissible under Evidence Code section 352.
       Defendant also argues defense counsel should have objected under Evidence Code
section 1101, subdivision (b). According to defendant, the “evidence did not logically
tend to prove the ‘intent’ as to the charged threats, was not offered on a material issue in
the case, and was overwhelmingly cumulative on the issue of [defendant’s] threats and
intent.” However, nothing in the record supports defendant’s contention that the threat
defendant uttered to the nurse was admitted under section 1101, subdivision (b), evidence
of prior uncharged acts. The court admitted the statement purely on relevance grounds.
Therefore, any objection under section 1101 would also have been futile.
                                  Consecutive Sentences
       Defendant challenges the court’s decision to sentence him to consecutive
sentences, contending the court erred in “failing to understand that the

                                             10
concurrent/consecutive determination is governed by the pertinent Three Strikes law
provisions.” As a consequence, defendant requests the matter be remanded for
resentencing.
Background
       At sentencing the trial court provided a lengthy explanation of its sentencing
decisions. The court reviewed defendant’s extensive criminal record and declined to
exercise its discretion and strike a prior conviction.
       The court found numerous circumstances in aggravation. The crime involved
great violence, great bodily harm, and other acts disclosing a high degree of callousness.
The crime indicated planning: defendant went to Ligons’s house armed with a knife.
Defendant’s conduct indicates he is a serious danger to society. Defendant has prior
convictions of increasing seriousness. Finally, defendant’s prior performance on parole
was unsatisfactory. (California Rules of Court, rule 4.421(a)(1), (8) & (b)(1), (2), (5).)
       The court then sentenced defendant to 25 years to life on counts one, three, four,
and five. The sentences are to run consecutively “in that each of the crimes and their
objectives were predominantly independent of each other, pursuant to Rule of
Court 4.425(a)(1).”
Discussion
       Defendant contends the trial court did not understand its discretion under the three
strikes law to impose concurrent rather than consecutive sentences. However, stripped to
its essence, defendant’s argument is that the offenses were committed on the same
occasion or arose from the same set of operative facts. Therefore, consecutive sentences
were not warranted and resentencing is required.
       Under the three strikes law, section 667, subdivision (c)(6) and (7) provides:
“(6) If there is a current conviction for more than one felony count not committed on the
same occasion, and not arising from the same set of operative facts, the court shall
sentence the defendant consecutively on each count pursuant to subdivision (e). [¶]

                                              11
(7) If there is a current conviction for more than one serious or violent felony as
described in paragraph (6), the court shall impose the sentence for each conviction
consecutive to the sentence for any other conviction for which the defendant may be
consecutively sentenced in the manner prescribed by law.”
       Section 667, subdivision (c)(6) mandates consecutive sentences for any current
felony convictions “ ‘not committed on the same occasion, and not arising from the same
set of operative facts.’ ” (People v. Lawrence (2000) 24 Cal.4th 219, 222-223
(Lawrence).) Conversely, consecutive sentences are not mandatory if the current felony
convictions are committed on the same occasion or arise from the same set of operative
facts. (People v. Deloza (1998) 18 Cal.4th 585, 591 (Deloza).)
       The Supreme Court found that “same occasion” refers to a close temporal and
spatial proximity between the acts underlying the convictions. (Deloza, supra, 18 Cal.4th
at p. 594.)
       In Deloza the defendant committed four robberies simultaneously in a furniture
store. One victim approached the defendant as he was robbing the other three. The court
concluded defendant’s “criminal activity was not thereby interrupted, but merely
continued with her as an additional victim.” (Deloza, supra, 18 Cal.4th at p. 596.)
Therefore, the offenses occurred on the same occasion within the meaning of the three
strikes law and consecutive sentences were not mandatory. (Id. at pp. 596, 600.)
       The court reached the opposite conclusion in Lawrence, supra, 24 Cal.4th 219. In
Lawrence the defendant stole alcohol from a store, ran away, and jumped a nearby fence.
The homeowner chased and tackled the defendant. The two men fought until the
homeowner’s girlfriend approached them with a baseball bat. The defendant struck the
girlfriend in the head with the bottle. (Id. at pp. 223-224.)
       The Lawrence court applied the close spatial and temporal proximity test and
concluded the aggravated assault against the girlfriend that took place two to three
minutes after the theft from the market at a spot one to three blocks away was not

                                             12
committed on the same occasion as the theft within the meaning of section 667,
subdivision (c)(6). (Lawrence, supra, 24 Cal.4th at p. 229.) In addition, the court set
forth several factors to consider in applying the test: “[T]he nature and elements of the
current charged offenses—for example, the extent to which common acts and elements of
such offenses unfold together or overlap, and the extent to which the elements of one
offense have been satisfied, rendering that offense completed in the eyes of the law
before the commission of further criminal acts constituting additional and separately
chargeable crimes.” (Id. at p. 233.)
       Defendant faults the trial court for not clearly articulating its authority under the
three strikes law to impose consecutive sentences. However, we presume the trial court
was aware of and followed the applicable law in imposing sentence. (People v. Mosley
(1997) 53 Cal.App.4th 489, 496.) In order to overcome this presumption, defendant must
affirmatively demonstrate error. (People v. Sanghera (2006) 139 Cal.App.4th 1567,
1573.) Defendant cannot meet this burden.
       There is no reason to suspect the trial court was unaware of its authority, as we
have discussed, or its discretion to determine whether sentences are to run concurrently or
consecutively. In the absence of a clear showing of abuse, we may not disturb the court’s
exercise of its discretion. The court abuses its discretion when, after considering all the
circumstances, its sentencing decision exceeds the bounds of reason. (People v. Bradford
(1976) 17 Cal.3d 8, 20.) We presume the court considered the relevant criteria in the
California Rules of Court in deciding whether to impose consecutive or concurrent
sentences. (California Rules of Court, rule 4.425.)
       The trial court listed numerous factors in aggravation and specifically cited the
appropriate California Rules of Court on which it based its decision to sentence defendant
consecutively. With respect to counts one and five, the court noted the crimes were
predominately independent of one another. The two counts of criminal threats were
committed on different days. Counts three and four, the assaults on Ligons and Dalbert,

                                              13
were committed against two different victims. The court’s listing of aggravating factors,
along with defendant’s criminal history and the recommendation of the probation
department, all support the court’s decision to impose consecutive sentences. We find no
error.6
                                          Section 654
          Defendant asserts that section 654 prohibits multiple punishment for counts one,
three, and five, and the five year former section 12022.7, subdivision (c) personal
infliction of great bodily injury enhancement attached to count four. Accordingly,
defendant argues the punishment for two of the counts and the enhancement should be
stayed.
Background
          Defendant had a prior conviction for voluntary manslaughter (§ 192, subd. (a)) and
two prior convictions for lewd and lascivious acts with a child (§ 288, subd. (a)). The
court sentenced defendant on count one, making criminal threats, to 25 years to life; on
count three, assault with a deadly weapon, to 25 years to life; and on count five, making
criminal threats, to 25 years to life. In connection with count four, assault with a deadly
weapon, the court sentenced defendant to 25 years to life and an additional five years
under former section 12022.7, subdivision (c). All sentences are to be served
consecutively.
Discussion
          Section 654, subdivision (a) provides, in part: “An act or omission that is
punishable in different ways by different provisions of law shall be punished under the
provision that provides for the longest potential term of imprisonment, but in no case

6 Since we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in imposing consecutive
sentences, we need not address defendant’s claim that counsel performed ineffectively in
failing to object at sentencing.

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shall the act or omission be punished under more than one provision.” Under
section 654, if the offenses are incidental to one objective, the defendant may be punished
for any one of them, but not for more than one. Conversely, if the evidence reveals the
defendant entertained multiple criminal objectives independent of one another, the court
may impose punishment for independent violations committed in pursuit of each
objective even if the violations shared common acts or were parts of an otherwise
indivisible course of conduct. (People v. Liu (1996) 46 Cal.App.4th 1119, 1135.)
       Here, defendant committed four discrete, independent acts. In count one,
defendant made criminal threats on January 31, 2011, against Ligons. In count five,
defendant made criminal threats on February 2, 2011, against Ligons. Count three refers
to defendant’s stabbing Ligons, and count four refers to defendant’s attack on Dalbert,
both of which also occurred on February 2, 2011.
       Defendant argues counts one, three, and five “constitute an indivisible course of
conduct pursuant to one objective -- [defendant] was angry because he believed Leslie
stole property from him.” We disagree.
       Count one occurred on a different day than the other three counts. On January 31,
2011, defendant called Ligons and threatened to kill her. On February 2, 2011, defendant
called Ligons and told her he was on the way to her house and was going to kill her.
Defendant arrived at the house and stabbed both Ligons and Dalbert. Although two of
the counts involved criminal threats by defendant against Ligons, they occurred on
different days. In the first, defendant demanded his property back and threatened Ligons.
In the second, defendant announced his intent to come to Ligons’s house and harm her.
Section 654 does not bar punishments for counts one, three, four, and five.
       Defendant also contends section 654 bars punishment for both count four, assault
with a deadly weapon against Dalbert, and the former section 12022.7, subdivision (c)
enhancement for inflicting great bodily injury on the victim, who was 70 years of age or
older. Defendant asserts both were based upon the very same act, and defendant had

                                            15
already been punished for count four. Since section 654 applies to enhancements, his
five-year sentence for the enhancement must be stricken.
       The interplay of section 654 with enhancements was explored by the Supreme
Court in People v. Ahmed (2011) 53 Cal.4th 156 (Ahmed). The court determined courts
“should first examine the specific sentencing statutes. If, as is often the case, these
statutes provide the answer, the court should apply that answer and stop there. Because
specific statutes prevail over general statutes, consideration of the more general
section 654 will be unnecessary.” (Ahmed, at p. 159.) Accordingly, section 654 applies
to bar multiple punishment “[o]nly if the specific statutes do not provide the answer.”
(Ahmed, at pp. 159-160.) Ultimately, the court determined that “when applied to multiple
enhancements for a single crime, section 654 bars multiple punishment for the same
aspect of a criminal act.” (Ahmed, at p. 164.)
       Here, we consider former section 12022.7, subdivision (c), which states: “Any
person who personally inflicts great bodily injury on a person who is 70 years of age or
older, other than an accomplice, in the commission of a felony or attempted felony shall
be punished by an additional and consecutive term of imprisonment in the state prison for
five years.” The enhancement was found true in connection with defendant’s offense of
assault with a deadly weapon on Dalbert.
       Former section 12022.7 is “a narrowly crafted statute intended to apply to a
specific category of conduct. It represents ‘a legislative attempt to punish more severely
those crimes that actually result in great bodily injury.’ [Citations.]” (People v. Chaffer
(2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 1037, 1045.) The five-year enhancement under former
section 12022.7 is imposed because of the age and vulnerability of the victim, a different
aspect of the crime from the simple fact of great bodily injury. Under the test set forth in
Ahmed, section 654 does not bar punishment under former section 12022.7.

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                            Abuse of Discretion in Sentencing
       Defendant contends the trial court abused its discretion in relying on California
Rules of Court, rule 4.425(a)(1) for imposing consecutive sentences on each 25-years-to-
life count. According to defendant, “on this record, the trial court’s finding that each of
[defendant’s] crimes and objectives were independent, is irrational.”
       California Rules of Court, rule 4.425 lists the criteria the trial court may consider
in determining whether to impose consecutive rather than concurrent sentences.
Rule 4.425, subdivision (a) provides: “(1) The crimes and their objectives were
predominantly independent of each other; [¶] (2) The crimes involved separate acts of
violence or threats of violence; or [¶] (3) The crimes were committed at different times
or separate places, rather than being committed so closely in time and place as to indicate
a single period of aberrant behavior.” Rule 4.425, subdivision (b) provides, in part:
“Any circumstances in aggravation or mitigation may be considered in deciding whether
to impose consecutive rather than concurrent sentences, except: [¶] (1) A fact used to
impose the upper term; [¶] (2) A fact used to otherwise enhance the defendant’s prison
sentence; and [¶] (3) A fact that is an element of the crime may not be used to impose
consecutive sentences.”
       In considering whether to impose consecutive sentences, rule 4.425 of the
California Rules of Court provides criteria to guide the trial court in making the
determination. In contrast, section 654 operates to bar punishment in certain cases. The
statute and the rule of court do not conflict. Nor is the rule of court irrational.
       Here, the court noted numerous circumstances in aggravation and also found the
offenses were predominantly independent. We find no abuse of discretion. Counts one

                                              17
and five involve criminal threats that occurred on different days. Counts three and four
involve different victims.7
                                      Custody Credits
        Finally, defendant argues the trial court erred in calculating his custody credits.
According to defendant the court used the wrong date and “the abstract should be
corrected to reflect: (1) 387 days of actual custody; (2) 58 days of conduct credit; and
(3) a total of 445 days of credit.”
        At sentencing, the court awarded defendant 377 days of actual credit plus 56 days
of good time/work time credit, for a total award of 433 days’ credit for time served. A
few months later, defendant contacted the court and requested a correction. The court
issued an amended abstract of judgment and a minute order awarding defendant 387 days
of actual custody credit and 58 days of conduct credit, for a total of 445 days of credit.
As defendant acknowledges, the amended abstract of judgment renders his argument
moot.
                                       DISPOSITION
        The judgment is affirmed.

                                                              RAYE              , P. J.

We concur:

         BLEASE               , J.

         BUTZ                 , J.

7 Since we find the court did not abuse its discretion, we need not consider defendant’s
claim that counsel performed ineffectively in failing to object to the court’s consideration
of the California Rules of Court.

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