Court Opinion

ID: 2748853
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-11-06 20:05:51.130853+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:17:06.503390
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

                               NO. 2012-CT-01299-SCT

IN THE MATTER OF THE ESTATE OF BOYCE
ELMORE, DECEASED: KATHLEEN ELMORE
JAMISON, ADMINISTRATOR

v.

CEDRIC WILLIAMS

                            ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                        07/06/2012
TRIAL JUDGE:                             HON. EDWIN H. ROBERTS, JR.
TRIAL COURT ATTORNEYS:                   WILLIAM SCHNELLER
                                         CHRISTIAN GOELDNER
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:               MARSHALL COUNTY CHANCERY
                                         COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                 R. BRADLEY BEST
                                         EDWARD RUSSELL McNEES
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:                   WILLIAM F. SCHNELLER, JR.
NATURE OF THE CASE:                      CIVIL - WILLS, TRUSTS, AND ESTATES
DISPOSITION:                             THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF
                                         APPEALS IS AFFIRMED. THE JUDGMENT
                                         OF THE CHANCERY COURT OF
                                         MARSHALL COUNTY IS REVERSED AND
                                         RENDERED - 11/06/2014
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

      EN BANC.

      DICKINSON, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

¶1.   Boyce Elmore died on November 5, 2000.          More than ten years later, Cedric

Williams—claiming to be Boyce’s son—filed a paternity action in an effort to recover under

Boyce’s estate. After the chancellor held that Cedric’s action was timely, Boyce’s estate
appealed and the Court of Appeals reversed. We agree with the Court of Appeals that the

chancellor’s decision must be reversed, but for a different reason.

                                          ANALYSIS

¶2.    In Mississippi, a nonmarital child may file an action to establish paternity “within one

(1) year after the death of the intestate or within ninety (90) days after the first publication

of notice to creditors to present their claims, whichever is less . . . .” 1 Boyce’s estate was not

opened during the year following his death, so the statute’s provision related to the

publication of notice to creditors is not applicable.

¶3.    Two years after Boyce’s death, his wife Kathleen filed a petition for letters of

administration in the Marshall County Chancery Court and was named administrator of

Boyce’s estate. Because she failed to provide Cedric notice of the estate, the chancellor held

that Cedric’s paternity action was timely filed because the estate’s failure to provide him

notice tolled the ninety-day limitation period.

¶4.    The Court of Appeals stated it was “inclined to find that the one-year statute of

limitations applie[d],” and that “Cedric is barred from seeking relief because he filed outside

       1
         Miss. Code Ann. § 91-1-15(3)(c) (Rev. 2013). In 2005, the Legislature amended
the statute and clarified that “[t]his one-year limitation shall be self-executing and may not
be tolled for any reason, including lack of notice.” Miss. Code Ann. § 91-1-15(3)(c). For
purposes of this appeal, this Court will apply the version of the statute in effect when Boyce
Elmore died. See Mladinich v. Kohn, 186 So. 2d 481, 483 (Miss. 1966) (“A statute will not
be given retroactive effect unless it is manifest from the language that the legislature
intended it to so operate.”).

                                                2
of this time period . . . .” 2 But because the estate did not argue to the chancellor that the one-

year statute of limitations applied, the Court of Appeals refused to apply it. The Court cited

the familiar rule that “‘a trial court will not be put in error on appeal for a matter not

presented to it for decision.’” 3 However, the “matter” the estate raised was the running of

the statute of limitations under Section 91-1-15. Thus, the matter was presented squarely for

the chancellor’s decision.

¶5.    It is true that the estate’s trial counsel mistakenly told the chancellor during oral

arguments that he believed the ninety-day provision, rather than the one-year provision,

applied. But how a statute of limitations applies is a legal question.4 An attorney’s opinion

of the law expressed during an oral argument does not absolve the chancellor from his duty

to apply the correct law and the plain language of the statute.5

                                        CONCLUSION

¶6.    Cedric’s paternity action brought nearly eleven years after Boyce’s death is time-

barred. The chancery court erred in not granting Kathleen’s motion to dismiss. The Court

       2
       In re Estate of Elmore, No. 2012-CA-01299-COA, 2013 WL 6171283, at * 3 (Miss.
Ct. App. Nov. 26, 2013).
       3
           Id. (quoting McDonald v. McDonald, 39 So. 3d 868, 885 (Miss. 2010)) (emphasis
added).
       4
         See, e.g., Stringer v. Trapp, 30 So. 3d 339, 341 (Miss. 2010) (citing Wayne Gen.
Hosp. v. Hayes, 868 So. 2d 997, 1000 (Miss. 2004)) (“The issue of whether the applicable
statute of limitations has run is a question of law.”).
       5
         See, e.g., Caldwell v. N. Miss. Med. Ctr., Inc., 956 So. 2d 888, 890-91 (Miss. 2007)
(citing Pinkton v. State, 481 So. 2d 306, 309 (Miss. 1985)) (“When construing the meaning
of a statute, we must look at the words of the statute.”).

                                                3
of Appeals correctly reversed the chancellor’s judgment but failed to apply Section 91-1-

15(3)(c)’s one-year period of limitations. Under Mississippi law, failure to bring a timely

paternity claim bars the nonmarital child’s right to inherit as an heir under our statute.

¶7.    We affirm the judgment of the Court of Appeals, although for different reasons, and

likewise reverse and render the judgment of the Chancery Court of Marshall County.

¶8. THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF APPEALS IS AFFIRMED. THE
JUDGMENT OF THE CHANCERY COURT OF MARSHALL COUNTY IS
REVERSED AND RENDERED.

    WALLER, C.J., LAMAR, KITCHENS, CHANDLER, PIERCE, KING AND
COLEMAN, JJ., CONCUR. RANDOLPH, P.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY
WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.

                                              4