Court Opinion

ID: 4704144
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-07-16 14:06:59.19329+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:05:09.713975
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: JULY 9, 2021; 10:00 A.M.
                          NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                 Commonwealth of Kentucky
                           Court of Appeals

                              NO. 2020-CA-1104-MR

MELISSA NEALE                                                          APPELLANT

                  APPEAL FROM FAYETTE CIRCUIT COURT
v.                HONORABLE JULIE M. GOODMAN, JUDGE
                         ACTION NO. 18-CI-03224

GARY GINN, CORONER AND
LEXINGTON-FAYETTE URBAN
COUNTY GOVERNMENT                                                       APPELLEES

                                     OPINION
                                    AFFIRMING

                                   ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: ACREE, CALDWELL, AND LAMBERT, JUDGES.

ACREE, JUDGE: Melissa Neale appeals the Fayette Circuit Court’s August 10,

2020 order granting summary judgment on behalf of Gary Ginn and the Lexington-

Fayette Urban County Government (LFUCG). Neale contends the court erred in

granting the judgment because: (1) LFUCG was her employer and, therefore,

liable for the actions of Ginn, and (2) taken in a light most favorable to Neale,
averments of Ginn’s actions established the creation of a hostile work

environment. Finding no error, we affirm.

                                    BACKGROUND

                In 2003, the people of Fayette County elected Gary Ginn as Coroner.

An elected coroner is authorized to hire and fire his own employees, but LFUCG

sets the salary for that employee and is involved in budgetary issues. See KRS1

64.185.

                In 2015, after resigning from her previous position at the Fayette

County Detention Center, Neale began her employment as a deputy coroner in

Fayette County. During her previous employment at the Detention Center, Neale

attended sexual harassment training and understood her obligation to report such

incidents in the workplace but was never required to sit through such training for

this new employment.

                When Neale started working under Ginn, she perceived the work

environment as unprofessional. According to Neale, Ginn made multiple

workplace comments about females and told ribald jokes—essentially, according

to her, making the workplace a “men’s locker room” environment. For two years,

Neale endured the environment as it was, causing her such distress that she decided

to find new employment. She gave her resignation letter on June 5, 2017, but

1
    Kentucky Revised Statutes.

                                            -2-
never mentioned a problem with the work environment, only stating she obtained

new employment. In very little time, her new employment did not work out. Ginn

allowed Neale to rescind her resignation letter and stay long term. Then, Neale

became aware of another job offer and resigned from employment with the

Coroner a second time.

            Upon leaving, Neale reported Ginn’s conduct to City Councilwoman

Susan Lamb. Lamb instructed Neale to file a complaint with the Human Resource

Department, which Neale did on June 26, 2017. She was interviewed by Human

Resources and presented a seven-page document complaining Ginn engaged in

inappropriate comments, favoritism, misuse of public funds, and improperly

handling bodies in his custody.

            On November 15, 2017, the Human Resources’ investigation into

Ginn was completed. The report revealed a dilemma that, under Section 99 of the

Kentucky Constitution, the office of the Coroner is an elected office separate and

independent from the LFUCG; therefore, its employees are excluded from urban

county government under KRS 67A.210. The report showed that although the

Coroner’s payroll is funded by the LFUCG, its employees are unclassified

employees in the LFUCG payroll system and hired, supervised, and controlled by

the Coroner. The investigation substantiated four occasions on which Ginn

engaged in sexual innuendo, sexual banter, and inappropriate conduct; however,

                                        -3-
LFUCG could only make recommendations to establish a harassment policy and

training because it had no control over the Coroner.

             Shortly after the investigation report came out, Neale filed a charge of

discrimination with the Lexington Fayette Human Rights Commission, where she

identified her employer as the Fayette County Coroner’s Office. A year later,

Neale filed her lawsuit in Fayette Circuit Court. This time, her complaint included

LFUCG as a “joint employer” liable under KRS 344.030 for sexual harassment

perpetrated by Ginn.

             In response, LFUCG moved to dismiss the claim because Neale is not

considered an employee of LFUCG. That motion was overruled. However, after

the case was pending for over a year, LFUCG and Ginn moved for summary

judgment. Ultimately, the circuit court granted the motion because there were no

genuine issues regarding the material fact that Neale was not an employee of

LFUCG, and because she failed to present sufficient evidence to create a genuine

issue that she was subjected to sexual harassment under KRS 344.030.

             This appeal followed.

                           STANDARD OF REVIEW

             “The proper standard of review on appeal when a trial judge has

granted a motion for summary judgment is whether the record, when examined in

its entirety, shows there is ‘no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party

                                         -4-
is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.’” Hammons v. Hammons, 327 S.W.3d

444, 448 (Ky. 2010) (quoting Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure (CR) 56.03).

“Because summary judgment does not require findings of fact but only an

examination of the record to determine whether material issues of fact exist, we

generally review the grant of summary judgment without deference to either the

trial court’s assessment of the record or its legal conclusions.” Id. (citing Malone v.

Kentucky Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co., 287 S.W.3d 656, 658 (Ky. 2009)).

                                     ANALYSIS

             The circuit court granted summary judgment to LFCUG and Ginn for

separate reasons. According to the order, because LFCUG was not Neale’s

employer, there was no issue of material fact that it could be liable for sexual

discrimination by Ginn. Additionally, the conduct of which Neale complained did

not raise a genuine issue of material fact demonstrating the existence of a sexually

hostile work environment. We agree with the circuit court’s ruling.

             We begin by determining whether Ginn’s conduct in the workplace

raises issues of a material fact. In determining if circumstances support a claim for

a sexually hostile work environment, the Supreme Court of the United States has

determined courts must look to “the frequency of the discriminatory conduct; its

severity; whether it is physically threatening or humiliating, or a mere offensive

utterance; and whether it unreasonably interferes with an employee’s work

                                          -5-
performance.” Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 524 U.S. 775, 787-88, 118 S. Ct.

2275, 2283, 141 L. Ed. 2d 662 (1998) (internal quotation marks and citation

omitted). However, it has “never held that workplace harassment, even harassment

between men and women, is automatically discrimination because of sex merely

because the words have sexual content or connotation.” Oncale v. Sundowner

Offshore Services, Inc. 523 U.S. 75, 80, 118 S. Ct. 998, 1002, 140 L. Ed. 2d 201

(1998). Conduct that is “merely offensive” will not support a claim for a hostile

work environment. Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 21, 114 S. Ct.

367, 370, 126 L. Ed. 2d 295 (1993). The Sixth Circuit even held that the Civil

Rights Acts were “not designed to purge the workplace of vulgarity.” Black v.

Zaring Homes, Inc., 104 F.3d 822, 826 (6th Cir. 1997) (citation omitted).

             Here, Ginn made inappropriate comments and jokes while on the job,

but that does not mean his conduct creates a hostile work environment. Although,

Neale argues that Gallagher v. C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc., 567 F.3d 263 (6th

Cir. 2009), suggests the equivalency of “locker room environments” and a hostile

work environment, the facts of that case and this are not comparable. In

Gallagher, the locker room banter was directed at the plaintiff. She was taunted by

her male co-workers, had to rebuff sexual advances, and was called derogatory

names. The co-workers shared photographs of naked women, including their own

girlfriends, while discussing sexual fantasies, telling graphic jokes, and

                                         -6-
commenting on their own sex lives. That is a stark difference from Ginn’s actions

in this case. Ginn never made advances toward Neale, never touched her in a

sexual way, did not call her derogatory terms, and did not share intimate details

about his life. Neale even acknowledged the comments were directed toward the

male employees—not her. Ginn’s actions may have been inappropriate and vulgar,

but it did not rise to a level of sexual harassment. Therefore, the circuit court was

correct in granting summary judgment in favor of Ginn. There are no genuine

issues of material fact relating to the existence of a sexually hostile work

environment.

             Neale also argues that the circuit court erred by granting summary

judgment for LFUCG because they were her employers. We disagree, given that

KRS 67A.210(1)(h)(7) specifically excludes constitutional officers and their

appointees as “employees” of LFUCG, we must conclude the circuit court’s order

is sound in ruling LFUCG was not Neale’s employer. Neale argues that elected

officials are not considered employers for the sake of the Kentucky Civil Rights

Act, according to Kearney v. City of Simpsonville, 209 S.W.3d 483, 484 (Ky. App.

2006). However, we need not address this issue, as the circuit court was correct in

granting summary judgment for a lack of material facts supporting the merits of the

claim itself. Because Ginn’s actions as described in the complaint and supported

by the record do not support a claim that Ginn created a sexually hostile work

                                          -7-
environment, LFUCG cannot be held liable, without regard to whether it was

Neale’s employer.

                                CONCLUSION

            For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Fayette Circuit Court’s

August 10, 2020 order granting summary judgment on behalf of LFUCG and Ginn.

            ALL CONCUR.

BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT:                    BRIEF FOR APPELLEE
                                         LEXINGTON FAYETTE URBAN
Shane Sidebottom                         COUNTY GOVERNMENT:
Covington, Kentucky
                                         Barbara A. Kriz
                                         Lexington, Kentucky

                                         BRIEF FOR APPELLEE GARY GIN:

                                         Cynthia L. Effinger
                                         Louisville, Kentucky

                                         Stephen G. Amato
                                         Lexington, Kentucky

                                       -8-