Court Opinion

ID: 1070742
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:39:20.695521+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:00:49.697520
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Elder, Bray and Bumgardner
Argued at Richmond, Virginia

RODNEY J. MILLER
                                           MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.   Record No. 2094-99-2              JUDGE RUDOLPH BUMGARDNER, III
                                                MAY 16, 2000
ELIZABETH W. EASTER, F/K/A
 ELIZABETH MILLER

            FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF POWHATAN COUNTY
                     Thomas V. Warren, Judge

          Paul W. Cella for appellant.

          No brief or argument for appellee.

          Lucretia A. Carrico (Blandford, Carrico &
          Newlon, P.C., on brief), Guardian ad litem
          for the minor children.

     The trial court suspended Rodney J. Miller's visitation

with his children.    The father contends the trial court erred in

(1) admitting the hearsay statements of one of his children, and

(2) ruling that he forfeited his right to visitation because of

his incarceration.    We conclude the trial court erred in

admitting the child's statements and remand for rehearing.

     Two daughters were born to the father and Elizabeth Miller:

Jessica Lynn aged seven years, and Ashley Nicole aged ten years.

The father received a ten-year sentence for rape of the mother

     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, recodifying Code
§ 17-116.010, this opinion is not designated for publication.
and for breaking and entering her house with the intent to

commit rape, robbery, or murder.   After that trial, the juvenile

and domestic relations district court granted the father

visitation, and the children visited him eight times during his

incarceration.

     Both daughters told their guardian ad litem that they want

no further visits with their father, and Ashley emphasized that

she wanted no contact with him.    The guardian ad litem reviewed

letters that the father wrote the children and consulted the

children's psychologist.   The guardian ad litem believed that

further visitation in prison would be damaging and injurious.

She filed a motion in the juvenile and domestic relations

district court to suspend the father's visitation.   She alleged

that the children's counselor reported that the father was

damaging to the girls by "using" them to "remediate" his

situation, that he was telling them details of incarceration

which were not appropriate, and that he apparently tried to get

Ashley to "recant" her allegations of his sexual abuse.

     The juvenile and domestic relations district court

suspended the father's visitation on November 19, 1997 until the

children's counselor advised that visitation could resume.    It

ordered the father to participate in counseling to develop his

ability to visit with the children.    The juvenile and domestic

relations district court reviewed the matter for nearly a year,

but the father never participated in counseling, though the

                               - 2 -
children's counselor continued to recommend it.   The court made

the order suspending visitation final, and the father appealed.

     In the circuit court, the mother testified Ashley told her

that her father sexually abused her.    The mother testified

Ashley said that the father "was touching her in ways that he

shouldn't have been touching her," and "had touched her vagina

area and in her anal area."    The mother had Ashley use her doll

to show her where the father had touched her.   She testified

Ashley used the doll to show that "her father was taking his

penis and rubbing it around her anal area, and he was taking his

finger and touching her in her vagina area."

     The evidence presented to the trial court consisted of the

mother's recitation of Ashley's complaint of sexual abuse by her

father.   Ashley did not testify.   There was no medical,

psychological, or other evidence that corroborated the mother's

hearsay evidence.   At trial, the guardian ad litem conceded that

the evidence of Ashley's statements to her mother was hearsay.

However, on appeal she argues it was admissible to explain the

mother's conduct afterwards.   After Ashley made the accusations,

the mother took her to medical doctors, and based upon their

findings and recommendations, she had the father leave the

marital home.   The crimes for which the father received his

penitentiary sentence occurred after the two separated during

the summer of 1997.

                                - 3 -
      Hearsay is defined as "'testimony in court . . . of a

statement made out of court, the statement being offered as an

assertion to show the truth of matters asserted therein, and

thus resting for its value upon the credibility of the

out-of-court asserter.'"    Jenkins v. Commonwealth, 254 Va. 333,

338, 492 S.E.2d 131, 134 (1997) (citations omitted).     The

purpose for which the content of a statement is introduced

determines whether it is hearsay.

      Under the facts presented, the admission of Ashley's

statements regarding her father's sexual abuse were out-of-court

statements admitted to prove the truth of the matter asserted;

they were hearsay.   Based upon this record, we cannot say that

the admission of Ashley's otherwise unsubstantiated allegations

of sexual abuse did not affect the decision to suspend

visitation.   Error is harmless when "'it plainly appears from

the record and the evidence given at trial that the parties have

had a fair trial on the merits and substantial justice has been

reached.'"    Lavinder v. Commonwealth, 12 Va. App. 1003, 1005,

407 S.E.2d 910, 911 (1991) (en banc) (quoting Code § 8.01-678).

Where the error affects the verdict, it is not harmless.       See

id.   Accordingly, we remand the matter for rehearing.

      The father also contends that the trial court erred because

it ruled that he forfeited his right to visitation because of

his incarceration.   However, the guardian ad litem contends that

the trial court did not prohibit visitation but ordered that it

                                - 4 -
was in the mother's discretion and that the trial court declined

to order the mother to take the children to the prison.   We do

not read the trial court's oral explanation of its decision 1 as

the father characterizes it.   However, we need not decide the

issue because on remand exercise of discretion by the trial

court will be based on further evidence of whether to modify the

visitation. The trial court is vested with broad discretion to

make the decisions necessary to safeguard and promote the

children's best interest.   See Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326,

327, 387 S.E.2d 794, 795 (1990).   Its decision is entitled to

great weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly

wrong or without evidence to support it.   See Piatt v. Piatt, 27

Va. App. 426, 432, 499 S.E.2d 567, 570 (1998).   The proceedings

might even permit the introduction of the very evidence which

     1
       The trial court ruled: "The defendant is not standing in
the position that a non-custodial parent normally stands in.
He's a convicted felon pulling time in the penitentiary system
and forfeits significant rights, and in my view forfeits the
right to have the mother, required by the court, to take those
two children to the penitentiary. This ought to be a decision
to be made by the custodial mother. Considering the wishes of
the children, considering all of those things, this ought to be
her decision. She seems to me presumed to have the best
interest of those two children in her mind, whether it's to take
or not to take them, and I don't think the Court ought to be
involved for the next nine and a half years while he's in prison
as to what the children are saying or what effect this has on
the children to go to prison. In my view of the custodial
mother – custodial parent views that it's not in the best
interest of these children to go to the penitentiary but once a
year or once every six months or once every three months or once
every month or not at all, then that's her decision, and I'm
going to deny any right to [court ordered] visitation."
(Emphasis added).

                               - 5 -
was improper to admit when it was the sole evidence presented.

Cf. Mitchell v. Commonwealth, 25 Va. App. 81, 85-86, 486 S.E.2d

551, 553   (1997) (victim's brother could testify as to what

victim said after being sexually solicited because it

corroborated victim's testimony).

     For the reasons stated, we reverse and remand for further

hearing.

                                            Reversed and remanded.

                               - 6 -