Court Opinion

ID: 9376644
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-03 15:04:08.371136+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:08.037276
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: FEBRUARY 24, 2023; 10:00 A.M.
                       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                Commonwealth of Kentucky
                           Court of Appeals

                              NO. 2021-CA-1171-MR

KEITH E. PORTER                                                      APPELLANT

                   APPEAL FROM BOYD CIRCUIT COURT
v.                 HONORABLE JOHN F. VINCENT, JUDGE
                       ACTION NO. 19-CR-00417-002

COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY                                               APPELLEE

                                    OPINION
                                   AFFIRMING

                                   ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: COMBS, EASTON, AND MCNEILL, JUDGES.

EASTON, JUDGE: Appellant Keith Porter (“Porter”), pro se, appeals from an

order of the Boyd Circuit Court entered on October 4, 2021, dismissing his request

for post-conviction relief. Having reviewed the record in conjunction with all

applicable legal authority, we affirm.
             On January 23, 2020, Porter entered a plea of guilty to one count of

first-degree complicity to trafficking in a controlled substance (a sale of heroin in

an observed purchase), first offense, and one count of first-degree complicity to

trafficking in a controlled substance (less than two grams of methamphetamine),

first offense, for a total concurrent sentence of five (5) years. Porter waived the

requirement of consideration of a pre-sentence investigation (“PSI”) at a

sentencing hearing and was sentenced that same day.

             On October 4, 2021, Porter, pro se, filed a document styled as a

“Petition for a Declaratory Judgment to Correct time to the Parole Board from 50%

to 20% as Required by Statute.” Porter filed this document in this criminal case in

the Boyd Circuit Court. Citing Kentucky Revised Statute (“KRS”) 218A.1412 as

his grounds, Porter requested the Kentucky Department of Corrections (“DOC”) be

ordered to change his parole eligibility from fifty percent (50%) to twenty percent

(20%) of his sentence and “a new Presentence Report [be] done and submitted” to

the DOC because he had a substance use disorder, which should have led to a

reduction of his parole eligibility percentage. The circuit court summarily denied

the request. This appeal followed.

             We should first determine the procedural status of Porter’s request. If

the question involves a dispute with the DOC, the proper process is a declaratory

judgment action. Smith v. O’Dea, 939 S.W.2d 353, 355 (Ky. App. 1997) (“A

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petition for declaratory judgment pursuant to KRS 418.040 has become the

vehicle, whenever Habeas Corpus proceedings are inappropriate, whereby inmates

may seek review of their disputes with the Corrections Department.”). A motion in

the circuit court criminal case cannot be used to order the DOC to change parole

eligibility. The DOC is not a party to Porter’s criminal case, which precludes the

entry of an order against it for this purpose. See Mason v. Commonwealth, 331

S.W.3d 610, 629 (Ky. 2011).

             The venue of a declaration of rights action is not in the county of the

criminal conviction but rather where the defendant resides (the county where the

prisoner is held). See KRS 452.005. Porter is housed at the Blackburn Correctional

Complex in Fayette County. In any such action, Porter would have been required

to show he had exhausted any administrative review of the DOC’s decision. KRS

454.415. Saying so is not sufficient; documentation must be provided. Porter did

not provide such documentation with his petition. KRS 454.415(3).

             On closer examination, Porter’s complaint is with respect to his

sentencing, not with something under the province of the DOC. Porter believes a

finding should have been made by the circuit court about his substance use

disorder which would have then impacted his parole eligibility percentage. The

DOC could not act to reduce the parole eligibility percentage in the absence of

such a circuit court finding.

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              Porter’s related concern was the waiver of his PSI, for which he

appears to blame his counsel. Porter argues the PSI would have revealed Porter’s

substance use disorder and guided the decision of the circuit court which could

have then impacted the parole issue. If Porter intended a Kentucky Rule of

Criminal Procedure (“RCr”) 11.42 motion regarding his counsel, the pleading is

insufficient as it is not verified. RCr 11.42(2). See Roach v. Commonwealth, 384

S.W.3d 131, 140 (Ky. 2012); Stanford v. Commonwealth, 854 S.W.2d 742, 748

(Ky. 1993).

              We could review the pleading as requesting relief under Kentucky

Rule of Civil Procedure (“CR”) 60.02, although that is not what it says, and the

circuit court did not treat it this way. Were we to review the petition as a CR 60.02

motion, we would review the circuit court’s denial of Porter’s request for abuse of

discretion. See White v. Commonwealth, 32 S.W.3d 83, 86 (Ky. App. 2000).

              While we give some leeway to pro se pleadings, we should not

practice the case for the party by resolving the case through avenues the party did

not choose to travel. As we shall see, the procedure is to some extent academic.

Porter has not shown any entitlement to the relief sought.

              We find no legal error or abuse of discretion because the underlying

claims are wholly without merit. Porter maintains he suffered from a substance

use disorder and was entitled to a twenty percent (20%) parole eligibility under a

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prior version of KRS 218A.1412 which was in effect at the time he committed the

offenses for which he was convicted. That version in place on the date (February

27, 2018) of Porter’s crimes stated:

             (1) A person is guilty of trafficking in a controlled
             substance in the first degree when he or she knowingly
             and unlawfully traffics in:

             ...

                   (d) Any quantity of heroin, fentanyl, carfentanil, or
                   fentanyl derivatives; lysergic acid diethylamide;
                   phencyclidine; gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB),
                   including its salts, isomers, salts of isomers, and
                   analogues; or flunitrazepam, including its salts,
                   isomers, and salts of isomers; or

                   (e) Any quantity of a controlled substance specified in
                   paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this subsection in an
                   amount less than the amounts specified in those
                   paragraphs.

             ...

             (3) (a) Any person who violates the provisions of
             subsection (1)(a), (b), (c), or (d) of this section shall be
             guilty of a Class C felony for the first offense and a Class
             B felony for a second or subsequent offense.

               (b) Any person who violates the provisions of
               subsection (1)(e) of this section:

                     1. Shall be guilty of a Class D felony for the first
                     offense and a Class C felony for a second or
                     subsequent offense; and

                     2. a. Except as provided in subdivision b. of this
                     subparagraph, where the trafficked substance was

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                   heroin and the defendant committed the offense
                   while possessing more than one (1) items of
                   paraphernalia, including but not limited to scales,
                   ledgers, instruments and material to cut, package, or
                   mix the final product, excess cash, multiple
                   subscriber identity modules in excess of the number
                   of communication devices possessed by the person
                   at the time of arrest, or weapons, which given the
                   totality of the circumstances indicate the trafficking
                   to have been a commercial activity, shall not be
                   released on parole until he or she has served at least
                   fifty percent (50%) of the sentence imposed.

                   b. This subparagraph shall not apply to a person
                   who has been determined by a court to have had a
                   substance use disorder relating to a controlled
                   substance at the time of the offense. “Substance use
                   disorder” shall have the same meaning as in the
                   current edition of the American Psychiatric
                   Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
                   Mental Disorders.

               (c) Any person convicted of a Class C felony offense or
               higher under this section shall not be released on
               probation, shock probation, parole, conditional
               discharge, or other form of early release until he or
               she has served at least fifty percent (50%) of the
               sentence imposed in cases where the trafficked
               substance was heroin, fentanyl, carfentanil, or fentanyl
               derivatives.

KRS 218A.1412 (emphases added).

             This prior version of the statute had an internal inconsistency. A

Class C felony for trafficking of heroin cannot be released prior to the service of

50%, but a subsection of what appears to be a provision relating to non-heroin

substances creates an exception for those committing heroin trafficking offenses if

                                         -6-
they are shown to have a substance use disorder. Porter’s conviction was entered

in accordance with KRS 218A.1412(1)(d) not (1)(e) because the trafficked

substance was heroin, and per KRS 218A.1412(3)(a), a first offense is categorized

as a Class C felony not subject to a lesser parole eligibility. During the short life of

these peculiar provisions, this Court applied a plain reading of the statute (as a

whole) to rule a Class C felony for trafficking heroin must have a 50% parole

eligibility. Howard v. Commonwealth, No. 2019-CA-1377-MR, 2021 WL

1936069 (Ky. App. May 14, 2021); Cobb v. Commonwealth, No. 2019-CA-

000373-MR, 2020 WL 598407 (Ky. App. Feb. 7, 2020).

             KRS 218A.1412 was amended after Porter committed his crimes, but

that amendment removed the confusing, arguable option of reducing the parole

eligibility percentage. This certainly would not have been to Porter’s benefit. A

defendant may insist on more lenient sentencing options passed after he committed

his crimes, but that does not apply here, because the later change removed any

argument for a reduced parole eligibility percentage for Porter. See KRS 446.110.

             As to the waiver of the PSI, the record reflects Porter signed a pre-

sentence waiver dispensing with the preparation and introduction of a pre-sentence

report to the circuit court prior to sentencing. See RCr 11.02(1); Roe v.

Commonwealth, 493 S.W.3d 814, 830 (Ky. 2015) (holding that the statutory right

to a pre-sentence report under KRS 532.050 can be waived).

                                          -7-
             Porter did not argue to the circuit court he suffered from a substance

use disorder, and no motion was ever filed requesting a hearing on that matter.

Thus, there was nothing before the circuit court at the time of sentencing that

would have allowed it to entertain a finding under KRS 218A.1412(3)(b)2.b.,

which could not apply anyway. If we gave the benefit of the doubt and

acknowledged the right of Porter to take advantage of the ambiguity of the former

version of the statute, Porter did not proceed with a proper CR 60.02 motion and

provided no offered evidence to justify a hearing on such a motion. The circuit

court would not have abused its discretion with a denial of CR 60.02 relief in these

circumstances.

             If we consider the petition for what it purports to be, it was not filed in

the proper venue and did not have the required documentation of exhaustion of

administrative remedies. While KRS 454.415(5) requires the circuit court to make

specific findings for the dismissal, the deficiencies here were apparent from the

record. Considering the relief sought would be inconsistent with the applicable

law, we need not remand this case for the circuit court to state these findings.

             For the foregoing reasons, the order of the Boyd Circuit Court

denying Porter’s petition for a declaratory judgment is AFFIRMED.

             ALL CONCUR.

                                          -8-
BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:    BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

Keith Porter, pro se    Daniel Cameron
Lexington, Kentucky     Attorney General of Kentucky

                        Perry T. Ryan
                        Assistant Attorney General
                        Frankfort, Kentucky

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