Court Opinion

ID: 9963154
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-24 17:05:34.881101+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:24:41.510263
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                    No. 23-0591
                                Filed April 24, 2024

STATE OF IOWA,
     Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

PRESTON DOUGLAS ENLOW,
     Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

      Appeal    from     the   Iowa   District   Court   for   Washington   County,

Shawn Showers, Judge.

      A defendant appeals his criminal convictions, arguing the search of his

vehicle was unsupported by probable cause. AFFIRMED.

      Webb L. Wassmer of Wassmer Law Office, PLC, Marion, for appellant.

      Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Katherine Wenman, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee.

      Considered by Tabor, P.J., and Badding and Buller, JJ.
                                          2

BADDING, Judge.

         Preston Enlow appeals his convictions for possession of methamphetamine

and being a person ineligible to carry dangerous weapons, raising a belated

challenge to evidence seized from his vehicle. He claims that his constitutional

right to be free from unreasonable searches was violated when law enforcement

looked through the window of his van without probable cause and saw

methamphetamine and a firearm case. Enlow’s claim suffers from three fatal

flaws.

         First, Enlow did not properly raise this issue through a pretrial motion to

suppress. See Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.11(2)(c) (identifying “[m]otions to suppress

evidence on the ground that it was illegally obtained including, but not limited to,

motions on any ground listed in rule 2.12” as pretrial motions that “must be raised

prior to trial”); see also Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.12(1) (providing bases for suppression

of evidence obtained by unlawful search and seizure).1 Instead, Enlow mentioned

it as part of his motion for judgment of acquittal at the close of the State’s evidence

at trial and in arguing his generic post-trial motions for a new trial and in arrest of

judgment at sentencing. In resistance, the State argued the probable-cause issue

had to be raised by a pretrial motion to suppress. The district court denied the

motions, finding sufficient evidence to submit the case to the jury and that the

1 Rule 2.11 has since been amended, but it similarly provides that “[m]otions to

suppress illegally obtained evidence pursuant to rule 2.12” are pretrial motions that
“must be raised prior to trial.” Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.11(4)(c). Rule 2.12 has also been
amended, but it still provides for the same basis for suppression that Enlow asserts
here. Those amendments took effect on July 1, 2023, which was several months
after Enlow was sentenced.
                                           3

verdicts were not contrary to the weight of the evidence, but did not rule on the

probable-cause argument.

       Now, on appeal, Enlow argues his motions for judgment of acquittal and a

new trial should have been granted based on his probable-cause argument.

Because Enlow did not raise the issue by pretrial motion to suppress or receive a

ruling, the State contests error preservation. Expecting that challenge, Enlow

argues there is “no case law which prohibits raising the issue of probable cause in

a motion for new trial or a motion for judgment of acquittal and arguing that the

evidence introduced at trial should have been suppressed.”

       We side with the State. The rules require that motions to suppress be raised

before trial, specifically no later than forty days after arraignment. Iowa R. Crim.

P. 2.11(4). A failure to do so “shall constitute waiver thereof, but the court, for good

cause shown, may grant relief from such waiver.” Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.11(3). Enlow

does not argue good cause on appeal, nor did he in the district court. See State

v. Hrbek, 336 N.W.2d 431, 435 (Iowa 1983) (finding failure to “allege or establish

good cause for having failed to” file a motion to suppress amounts to waiver of the

objection); see also State v. Miller, No. 22-0832, 2023 WL 4759452, at *6 (Iowa

Ct. App. July 26, 2023) (“While Miller hints at good cause for raising the issue late,

that issue was not litigated below and is therefore waived and not preserved.”

(internal citation omitted)).   Because Enlow did not “raise his constitutional

challenge via pretrial motion to suppress, [he] failed to preserve error on that

issue.” See State v. Ortega, No. 19-1948, 2021 WL 1907132, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App.

May 12, 2021).
                                           4

       Second, Enlow failed to object to the evidence on constitutional grounds as

it came in at trial. See id. (“[E]ven if we were to disregard [t]he failure to raise the

issue by pretrial motion to suppress, he also failed to object to the introduction of

any evidence at trial.    In order to preserve error based on the admission of

evidence, objections to the evidence ‘must be timely and be raised at the earliest

time the error becomes apparent.’” (quoting State v. Reese, 259 N.W.2d 771, 775

(Iowa 1977))).

       Third, Enlow did not obtain a ruling on the issue when it was improperly

raised as part of his motions for judgment of acquittal and a new trial. See, e.g.,

Lamasters v. State, 821 N.W.2d 856, 862 (Iowa 2012) (“When a district court fails

to rule on an issue . . . raised by a party, the party who raised the issue must file a

motion requesting a ruling in order to preserve error for appeal.” (citation omitted));

State v. Willard, 756 N.W.2d 207, 215 (Iowa 2008) (finding error not preserved

where defendant “failed to obtain a ruling” on issue).

       Finding Enlow’s challenge to his convictions was not preserved, we affirm.

       AFFIRMED.