Court Opinion

ID: 9744474
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-26 22:03:48.958824+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:24:49.390946
License: Public Domain

*1103HOFFMAN, Judge,
dissenting.
I dissent from the denial of rehearing on the basis asserted by the majority. The double jeopardy analysis in Games v. State, 684 N.E.2d 466 (Ind.1997) specifically noted:
In presenting the general claim that his sentences violate the double jeopardy provisions of the Indiana and United States Constitutions, the defendant [Games] cites both constitutions. However, the defendant does not provide Indiana authority, and we find none from this Court, establishing an independent state double jeopardy protection based upon an analysis of the Indiana Constitution.
Id., 684 N.E.2d at 473 n. 7. I interpret this to mean that no viable authority exists which would allow Valentin to launch a constitutional double jeopardy attack, based upon Article I, § 14 of Indiana’s Constitution, against the convictions in the situation presented here.
The court in Games and Grinstead v. State, 684 N.E.2d 482 (Ind.1997), found that Indiana cases which had held that a full double jeopardy analysis went further than Blockburger and included viewing the factual elements in the charging information and the jury instructions, are no longer “accurate statements] of federal double jeopardy law.” Grinstead, 684 N.E.2d at 486.
If no state constitutional analysis exists and federal constitutional analysis now dictates “that we look only to the relevant statutes in applying Blockburger, and no further,” id., no double jeopardy protection can be invoked in the present case. In Buie v. State, 633 N.E.2d 250, 260, the court reiterated:
Our eases have said repeatedly that it does ' not violate the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment or Article I, § 14 of the Indiana Constitution to charge and convict a person for both a substantive offense and a conspiracy to commit the substantive offense.
Id.;1 citing e.g. Derado v. State, 622 N.E.2d 181, 184 (Ind.1993), Witte v. State, 550 N.E.2d 68, 71 (Ind.1990), Hammers v. State, 502 N.E.2d 1339, 1343 (Ind.1987). Ultimately, in Derado and Buie, the court found double jeopardy violations in the sentencing for conspiracy and the substantive offense. In both cases, the court found no Blockbur-ger violation, but instead found that the charging information relied upon the substantive offense to prove the overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy. After Games and Grinstead, it is clear-that courts will not engage in double jeopardy review which extends beyond the Blockburger test.
Pursuant to the pronouncements in Games and Grinstead vitiating certain components of the double jeopardy inquiry which had evolved in Indiana case law, I would vote to grant rehearing and affirm the judgment of the trial court.

. The majority correctly notes that Buie also contains a later statement finding both federal and Indiana protections against double jeopardy for conspiracy and the substantive offense where the overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy is the substantive offense. However, Games and Grin-stead explicitly and implicitly overrule previous decisions which are counter to their analysis.