Court Opinion

ID: 3185338
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-03-14 23:13:12.033002+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:36:02.817497
License: Public Domain

Filed 3/14/16 Stadish v. Giant Inland Empire RV Center CA4/3

                        NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                DIVISION THREE

LYN M. STADISH,

     Plaintiff and Appellant,                                          G052139

                   v.                                                  (Super. Ct. Nos. CIVRS810504,
                                                                        1370449)
GIANT INLAND EMPIRE RV CENTER,
INC. et al.,                                                           OPINION

     Defendants and Respondents.

                   Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Bernardino County,
Keith D. Davis, Judge. Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
                   Law Offices of Gary A. Dordick and Gary A. Dordick; Law Offices of
John B. Richards and John B. Richards for Plaintiff and Appellant.
                   Sutton & Murphy, Michael S. Sutton and Krisann S. Kurosu for Defendant
and Respondent Giant Inland Empire RV Center, Inc.
              AlvaradoSmith, Theodore E. Bacon and Nanette B. Barragan for
Defendants and Respondents Power Gear and Kwikee Products, Co., Inc.

                                   *           *           *

              Plaintiff Lyn M. Stadish sued defendants Giant Inland Empire RV Center,
Inc. (Giant) and Power Gear and Kwikee Products Co., Inc. (collectively Power
Gear), seeking damages for injuries she suffered allegedly due to a malfunction in
electronic steps installed on her motor home. The complaint asserted causes of action for
negligence and products liability. Defendants jointly moved for summary judgment in
their favor. (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c; all further undesignated statutory reference are to
this code.) The trial court granted the motion, denying plaintiff’s request for a
continuance to correct defects in her experts’ declarations (§ 2015.5) and finding she
failed to establish a triable issue of material fact as to either cause of action. The court
entered judgment for defendants and denied plaintiff’s postjudgment motions for a new
trial (§ 657) and for relief under section 473.
              Plaintiff appeals. She contends the trial court erred in finding defendants
established the absence of a triable issue of material fact as to their liability, abused its
discretion in denying her continuance request, and in denying her postjudgment motions.
              We conclude the trial court properly granted summary judgment for Giant.
The undisputed evidence shows Giant’s allegedly deficient repair efforts concerned only
a step system subsequently replaced by the motor home’s manufacturer. Thus, Giant’s
actions were not a substantial factor in causing plaintiff’s injuries. As to Power Gear, we
conclude the trial court abused its discretion in denying plaintiff’s continuance request to
correct the defective experts’ declarations, and erred in finding no triable issue of fact as
to Power Gear’s liability. Consequently, we affirm the judgment as to Giant, but reverse
it as to Power Gear.

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                                           FACTS

              In July 2007, plaintiff purchased a motor home from Giant. The motor
home had been manufactured by Fleetwood. The vehicle included an electronically
powered step system used to access the motor home’s living area. Power Gear
manufactured the step system’s components and sold them to Fleetwood, which installed
the equipment on the motor home.
              The system consisted of steps attached to the undercarriage of the coach
below the door leading to the living area that extend and retract in response to signals
from a solid-state controller. The controller, in turn, responded to magnetic sensors on
the door jamb, issuing signals for the steps to extend when the door opened and to retract
when the door closed. The controller was designed to preclude the steps from operating
if the electrical power fell below 9 volts. In addition, the system included an override
switch mounted inside the motor home adjacent to the door. When the switch is placed
in the “on” position, the system was designed to extend the steps when the door opens
and for them to remain extended even if the door closes. Power Gear provided a warning
sticker that was placed above the override switch. The sticker advised an occupant to
“[v]isually confirm that the step is fully extended prior to exiting the vehicle.”
              At the time she purchased the motor home plaintiff received an owner’s
manual that contained warnings about the step system. At her deposition, plaintiff
testified she read portions of the manual “when a problem c[a]me[ up] or [she] c[ould
not] figure something out,” but acknowledged never reading the entire booklet.
              Plaintiff subsequently returned it to Giant for repairs on three occasions,
each time complaining the step system did not function properly. When deposed,
plaintiff testified she normally left the override switch in the “on” position. Nonetheless,
“There were . . . several incidents [where] I would open the door and the steps would be
up,” or “would come back [to the motor home] and the steps would be up.”

                                              3
              When she returned the motor home to Giant for repair a fourth time, again
complaining about the step system, Fleetwood agreed to install a new step system. Using
Power Gear components, Fleetwood installed a new system, including the controller, in
April 2008. Plaintiff testified that she used the step system several times thereafter
without any problems.
              On July 4, plaintiff was injured when, upon leaving the motor home to walk
her dogs, and with the override switch in the “on” position, she fell because the steps
were not extended.
              There is a dispute in the record on what plaintiff observed before the
accident. Defendants claim plaintiff “never actually saw the steps spontaneously retract.”
They cite deposition testimony where plaintiff stated that she opened the motor home’s
door, observed the steps were extended, and let the first dog step out without any
problem. Plaintiff then called to her second dog to follow her as she stepped out only to
discover there were “no steps.”
              Plaintiff disputes this allegation, citing other deposition testimony that she
and the second dog simultaneously began to leave the motor home. According to
plaintiff, she saw “the steps retract[]” as her second dog left the motor home: “Q So the
steps were retracting as the [second] dog was moving down the steps? [¶] A Correct.
[¶] . . . [¶] Q Okay. So were the steps moving as the dog left the coach and stepped onto
the first step? [¶] A Yes.” Plaintiff claimed she “tried” to stop herself as she stepped out
of the motor home, “but . . . couldn’t.”

                            PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

              Plaintiff sued Giant and Fleetwood, alleging causes of action for negligence
and products liability, based on manufacturing and design defect, negligence, and breach
of warranty. Power Gear and Kwikee Products were later named in place of doe

                                              4
defendants. Fleetwood was subsequently dismissed from the case, apparently because it
filed for bankruptcy.
              Giant and Power Gear jointly moved for summary judgment. The motion
was originally scheduled to be heard on August 29, 2013. On August 21, by stipulation,
the parties agreed to continue the hearing to September 10. Later, the trial court ordered
a further 10-day continuance, resulting in the motion being heard on September 20.
              Defendants’ motion argued plaintiff could not establish the elements of a
negligence cause of action because: (1) Power Gear was not involved in the first two
vehicle repairs; (2) Fleetwood installed the new step system; (3) there were no
subsequent repairs or service of the system before the accident; and (4) “[t]he step
assembly and controller operated perfectly at [a] March 2013 inspection.” They also
claimed any negligence could not be a substantial factor in causing plaintiff’s injuries,
citing their experts’ declarations which purported to debunk her purported theory that the
steps spontaneously retracted due to a “reduced power supply.” Defendants disputed
reliance on a failure to warn theory, citing: (1) plaintiff’s admission that she “did not
read the owner’s manual”; (2) “knew of the . . . warning” sticker; and (3) her own
testimony “that she did not trust the [s]teps so always made sure to look before she went
down the [s]teps—except during the July accident.” As for the product liability cause of
action, defendants primarily argued plaintiff could not prevail on either a design or
manufacturing defect theory, again citing the expert evidence challenging the
spontaneous retraction due to low voltage theory.
              The supporting evidence included declarations from two experts. Tom
Paterson, an engineer employed by Power Gear, summarized how the step system’s
components operated, plus the results of an inspection and two tests of the system.
According to Paterson, in March 2013, the step system on plaintiff’s motor home was
inspected and tested. The inspection confirmed that the correct controller had been
installed on the vehicle and the testing established the system operated as designed.

                                              5
Paterson stated he “found no evidence that the Power Gear step and controller had been
manufactured, or functioned, differently than intended.”
              In June, Paterson participated in a second test conducted on a Power Gear
step system identical to the model installed on plaintiff’s motor home. According to
Paterson, this test was performed in response to what defendants assert was plaintiff’s
contention that the steps on her motor home spontaneously retracted due to a reduction in
the electrical power supplied to the system. Paterson declared “[t]he testing confirmed
that [with a] power supply voltage[] of 9 volts or above, the steps operated exactly as
intended and there was no spontaneous retraction,” but “when the power supply voltage
level diminished to below 9 volts, the steps simply would not operate.”
              A second independent engineer, H. Clark Bell, submitted a declaration
largely corroborating Paterson’s conclusions. Bell attended the March 2013 inspection
and test of the step system on plaintiff’s motor home and viewed a videotape of the June
2013 voltage test. He agreed the system performed as designed during the March 2013
test, and stated that he “saw no evidence that the particular step[s] on [p]laintiff’s motor
home w[ere] manufactured differently than designed.” Bell concluded “there [was] no
evidence that the design of the steps was a substantial factor in causing the injuries
[p]laintiff alleges occurred as a result of her July 4, 2008 accident.” As for the June 2013
test, he opined “there is no evidence that the steps can unexpectedly or spontaneously
retract due to low voltage.”
              Plaintiff filed opposition to the motion on August 27. First, she contended
defendants’ summary judgment motion “attempted to rule out only one” of “thirteen most
likely causes for the malfunctioning of [the] steps.” Second, on the negligence count,
plaintiff argued triable factual issues remained as to whether (1) Giant’s negligence in
repeatedly failing to repair the step system, and (2) Power Gear’s negligence in failing to
incorporate any warning mechanisms into the system were substantial factors in causing
her injuries. Finally, on the product liability cause of action, she argued triable issues of

                                              6
fact existed on whether (1) Power Gear’s “negligent design” or its “failure to adequately
warn . . . of a known danger” were substantial factors in causing her injuries, and (2)
whether the controller was defective when Power Gear sent it to Fleetwood.
                In support, she submitted documents describing the repairs performed by
Giant, portions of her deposition testimony, and what were purported to be two expert
declarations.
                Michael Eidsmoe, who had over 40 years experience in servicing
recreational vehicles, concluded Giant was negligent because, although plaintiff returned
the vehicle three times, in part, because of complaints about the step system, it failed to
trouble shoot that equipment each time and never followed Power Gear’s 16-step
protocol for testing components. He also noted that while the service records indicated
Giant replaced or reinstalled certain components, it never replaced the magnetic door
switch. Eidsmoe listed 13 likely causes for the malfunctioning of the step when plaintiff
was injured and concluded Giant was negligent in failing to investigate or repair these
potential causes.
                Plaintiff’s second expert was John Nicholas, a licensed electrical contractor
and master electrician. Nicholas stated that he had reviewed the documentation
produced by defendants, the exhibits, and “all available documentation and reporting of
[Power Gear] electronic step failure [he] could locate” on the internet. He disputed
defendants’ claim that it was impossible for the steps to spontaneously retract, citing
not only plaintiff’s complaints and Giant’s repair records, but also “blog entries from
owners of [Power Gear] steps which reference the exact same set of circumstances
wherein the . . . steps do, in fact, extend and retract on their own with no input actions by
the owners.” According to Nicholas, the March 2013 inspection and test did not
investigate “all of the components in the system.” And he expressed his belief the
“electrical steps controllers may, in fact, respond to variant electrical signals from
grounded or shorted wiring with the coach and without any safeguards or alarms, can and

                                               7
do, spontaneously retract or extend without any input from the occupants.” Referring to
the videotape of the June 9 test on the exemplar step system, Nicholas claimed it depicted
“the steps . . . vacillating in and out at a voltage level below 6 volts.” He also questioned
the validity of the test, noting defendants failed to “replicate[] the exact conditions
(battery charge, temperature, same controller, same age of unit, same wiring conditions,
etc.) of the . . . steps” on the day plaintiff was injured.
               Nicholas agreed with Eidsmoe’s conclusion that there were 13 possible
causes for the July 4, 2008 malfunction of the steps on plaintiff’s motor home. Based on
his review of the documentation produced in the case and other materials, Nicholas
opined “the most likely cause[s] of the malfunctioning of the steps” were problems with
“the magnetic door switch” and “the controller.”
               Nicholas further concluded Power Gear negligently designed the steps’
electrical controls because they lacked a warning system, such as a light “indicating the
position of the steps,” an “audible indicator” to notify an occupant “that the steps are
about to change position,” and “[a] low voltage warning system.” According to Nicholas,
these “modifications . . . would have cost less than $50.00 each to implement per unit.”
               However the Eidsmoe’s and Nicholas’s declarations, while dated and
signed, failed to (1) specify the place of execution, and (2) be “certified or declared by
him or her to be true under penalty of perjury.” (§ 2015.5.)
               Defendants filed replies to the opposition in early September. In part, they
objected to plaintiff’s expert declarations, citing the noncompliance with section 2015.5.
               The trial court granted defendants’ motion. It sustained defendants’
objection to the use of Eidsmoe’s and Nicholas’s declarations due to the lack of
compliance with section 2015.5, and denied the request of plaintiff’s counsel for a
continuance to obtain properly executed declarations from her experts.
               As for plaintiff’s testimony, the court concluded: “[L]eaving aside for the
moment the argument raised by defendants that at her deposition, plaintiff . . . testified

                                                8
that she was focused on her dog . . . and then turned to get out of the coach without
looking where she was going and fell, . . . it seems to me that there still is no triable
issue of fact because there is nothing that I have from plaintiff that constitutes any
evidence demonstrating some sort of design or manufacturing defect with regard to
the electronically retracting steps or any negligence on the part of the manufacturer or
seller . . . . [¶] The mere fact that plaintiff may have seen the steps retract, to me at least,
doesn’t rise to constitute some triable issue of material fact sufficient to defeat the
summary judgment motion.”
              The trial court entered judgment for defendants. Plaintiff timely filed a
notice of intention to move for a new trial, citing the “[s]ufficiency of the evidence to
justify a judgment in [her] favor,” and the judgment for defendants was “against the law”
as grounds for relief.
              She also filed a motion for relief under section 473, supporting it with
declarations from the Eidsmoe, Nicholas, and John Richards, one of the two attorneys
representing her. Richards explained that in preparing the opposition to the summary
judgment motion, he sent each expert witness an e-mail with a declaration template as an
attachment. When Eidsmoe and Nicholas used the template to draft their declarations, a
software glitch apparently deleted the language required by section 2015.5, and neither of
the experts nor Richards noticed the deletion. Richards also explained that he was a sole
practitioner and, due to the loss of his only assistant, he did not have time to review
defendants’ reply to the opposition until the night before the summary judgment hearing.
              The trial court denied both motions. On the section 473 motion, the court
found Richards established excusable neglect for the defects in the expert’s declarations.
But it concluded there was no comparable showing of excusable neglect for plaintiff’s
other attorney who had served the opposition.
              Plaintiff timely appealed.

                                               9
                                        DISCUSSION

              1. Introduction
              Plaintiff challenges the judgment, raising substantive and procedural
grounds in her opening brief.
              Substantively, she argues that her testimony “the steps did, in fact, retract
spontaneously, effectively disputed [d]efendants’ . . . claims.” Further, while defendants’
summary judgment motion “singled out” and rebutted “one cause of spontaneous
retraction — low voltage,” her opposing evidence showed there were “other possible
causes” that could have triggered spontaneous retraction on the day of the accident.
(Italics omitted.) Procedurally, plaintiff argues the denial of her continuance request
constituted an abuse of discretion because it “[p]unish[ed]” her for “a technical defect in
[the] expert[s’] declaration[s]” and did not “allow the motion to be heard on the merits.”
Finally, plaintiff claims the trial court erred in declining to grant the postjudgment
motions.
              In separate briefs, defendants object to plaintiff’s reliance on the defective
expert declarations, citing their noncompliance with section 2015.5. Giant also argues it
is not liable, noting the last repair of the step system before plaintiff’s accident was
Fleetwood’s installation of a new system. As for plaintiff’s own testimony, defendants
dispute that it suffices to show a triable issue of material fact on either cause of action.

              2. Standard of Review
              “A trial court properly grants summary judgment where no triable issue of
material fact exists and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
(Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, subd. (c).)” (Merrill v. Navegar, Inc. (2001) 26 Cal. 4th 465,
476.) “To satisfy this burden, a defendant moving for summary judgment must establish
that one or more of the elements of a cause of action cannot be established or that a

                                              10
complete defense exists to the cause of action. [Citation.] If the defendant meets this
burden, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to show a triable issue of material fact exists as
to either the particular cause of action or the proffered defense thereto. [Citation.] The
plaintiff may not rely on mere allegations or denials of the pleadings but instead must set
forth specific facts demonstrating a triable issue of material fact exists.” (McCabe v.
American Honda Motor Co. (2002) 100 Cal. App. 4th 1111, 1119.)
              In applying the foregoing rules, “The evidence presented by the moving
party is strictly construed while that of the opposing party liberally construed to include
any inferences reasonably deducible from the evidence. [Citation.] We do not engage in
a credibility determination or a weighing of the evidence; instead, all doubts or
evidentiary conflicts are to be resolved against the moving party.” (McCabe v. American
Honda Motor Co., supra, 100 Cal.App.4th at p. 1119.)
              On appeal, “We review the trial court’s decision de novo.” (Merrill v.
Navegar, Inc., supra, 26 Cal.4th at p. 476; Shin v. Ahn (2007) 42 Cal. 4th 482, 499.) “As
existing case law explains, because summary judgment deprives a party of his or her right
to a jury trial, the erroneous granting of a motion for summary judgment will ordinarily
be reversible error and will be found harmless only where the trial court’s error was
technical.” (Hawkins v. Wilton (2006) 144 Cal. App. 4th 936, 942-943.)

              3. Analysis
              Plaintiff sought recovery for her injuries against both defendants based on
causes of action for negligence and strict products liability.
              “In order to establish liability on a negligence theory, a plaintiff must prove
duty, breach, causation, and damages.” (Conroy v. Regents of University of California
(2009) 45 Cal. 4th 1244, 1250.) “Under the strict products liability doctrine, ‘[a]
manufacturer is strictly liable in tort when an article [it] places on the market, knowing
that [the article] is to be used without inspection for defects, proves to have a defect that

                                              11
causes injury to a human being.’” (Arriaga v. CitiCapital Commercial Corp. (2008) 167
Cal. App. 4th 1527, 1534.) “Strict liability has been invoked for three types of defects —
manufacturing defects, design defects, and ‘warning defects,’ i.e., inadequate warnings or
failures to warn.” (Anderson v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. (1991) 53 Cal. 3d 987,
995.) “Beyond manufacturers, anyone identifiable as ‘an integral part of the overall
producing and marketing enterprise’ is subject to strict liability. [Citation.] Accordingly,
retailers engaged in the business of distributing goods to the public are strictly liable in
tort for personal injuries caused by defects in those goods.” (Arriaga v. CitiCapital
Commercial Corp., supra, 167 Cal.App.4th at p. 1534.)
              As for Giant, we agree the trial court properly granted summary judgment
in its favor. In her opening brief, plaintiff argues Giant is liable, primarily citing the
evidence of its repeated inability to repair the step system originally installed on her
motor home. The only other basis cited for Giant’s liability was its failure to replace the
magnetic door switch.
              But as Giant points out the undisputed evidence shows Fleetwood
subsequently replaced the motor home’s step system. After installation of the new step
system, Giant performed no further repairs on the motor home and plaintiff
acknowledged she used the vehicle several times with the new step system working as
designed until the date of her accident. Consequently, Giant met its burden of showing
plaintiff “has ‘not established, and cannot reasonably expect to establish, a prima facie
case of causation, a showing that would forecast the inevitability of a nonsuit in [Giant’s]
favor,’” thereby shifting to plaintiff the burden “to produce specific, admissible evidence
showing that a triable issue of material fact exists on the issue of causation.” (Nardizzi v.
Harbor Chrysler Plymouth Sales, Inc. (2006) 136 Cal. App. 4th 1409, 1414.)
              The only evidence cited by plaintiff to establish a material fact issue on
whether Giant’s actions were a substantial factor in causing plaintiff’s injuries was a
statement in Eidsmoe’s declaration criticizing Giant for never replacing the magnetic

                                              12
door switch. Giant argues the trial court properly found the purported declarations
submitted by plaintiff were inadmissible due to their noncompliance with section 2015.5.
As we will later discuss, we conclude the trial court abused its discretion in denying
plaintiff’s request for a short continuance to correct the technical defects in Eidsmoe’s
and Nicholas’ declarations.
              But, in any event, Eidsmoe’s conclusory assertion that Giant never replaced
the magnetic door switch, without more, did not satisfy plaintiff’s burden of establishing
a material issue of fact as to Giant’s liability. “In adjudicating summary judgment
motions, courts are ‘not bound by expert opinion that is speculative or conjectural.
[Citations.] Plaintiffs cannot manufacture a triable issue of fact through use of an expert
opinion with self-serving conclusions devoid of any basis, explanation, or reasoning.’”
(Nardizzi v. Harbor Chrysler Plymouth Sales, Inc., supra, 136 Cal.App.4th at p. 1415.)
Eidsmoe did not explain how a defective magnetic door switch could trigger the step
system to malfunction. And as noted, plaintiff admitted that after Fleetwood replaced the
step system, including the controller, she used the motor home several times and the steps
“worked great” until the date of her accident.
              “[A]n expert’s opinion rendered without a reasoned explanation of why the
underlying facts lead to the ultimate conclusion has no evidentiary value because an
expert opinion is worth no more than the reasons and facts on which it is based.”
(Bushling v. Fremont Medical Center (2004) 117 Cal. App. 4th 493, 510.) Given the lack
of any explanation connecting a defective magnetic door switch to the malfunctioning of
the replaced step system on the motor home, we conclude plaintiff failed to carry her
burden of establishing Giant’s repairs were a substantial factor in causing her injuries.
              Insofar as the trial court concluded plaintiff’s evidence failed to establish a
triable issue of fact on the causes of action against Power Gear, we disagree. In
concluding no triable issue of fact existed, the trial court focused on plaintiff’s deposition
testimony. We conclude this approach was unnecessarily narrow in scope.

                                              13
                The unrebutted evidence showed that before the accident plaintiff had
returned the motor home to the dealer for repairs on several occasions, each time
complaining that the original step system, also manufactured by Power Gear,
malfunctioned by spontaneously retracting the steps even though the override switch was
in the “on” position. Power Gear acknowledged it provided a warning sticker that was to
be placed above the override switch, cautioning users to ensure the steps were extended
before stepping out of a motor home. Then, according to plaintiff’s testimony, only a
little more than two months after Fleetwood installed a second Power Gear step system
on her motor home, the steps again spontaneously retracted, resulting in her injuries.
                Defendants cite to the portion of plaintiff’s testimony in which she
acknowledged not looking to see if the steps were extended before stepping out of the
motor home. Power Gear also cites to Bell’s declaration concerning the subsequent test
of the step system and urges the steps “could not possibly have retracted as alleged by
[plaintiff].”
                But we conclude plaintiff’s testimony supports an inference that the steps
spontaneously retracted. The undisputed evidence reflects that just before the accident
the override switch was in the “on” position, the motor home’s door open, and the steps
extended as plaintiff’s first dog left the vehicle. But when plaintiff stepped out of the
motor home seconds later, the steps had retracted. The evidence of the repeated
spontaneous retraction of the steps on the originally installed Power Gear step system
along with the recurrence of the same malfunction on the newly installed replacement
step system suffice to create a triable issue of fact on the negligence cause of action.
                Further, Nicholas’s declaration supports the finding of a triable issue of
material fact on both the negligence and products liability claims. He noted the existence
of documentation of similar complaints by other persons owning motor home’s with a
Power Gear step system. He questioned the scope of both the March 2013 test of the step
system on plaintiff’s motor home and the subsequent power supply test of a similar

                                              14
system. Nicholas also claimed that, according to the videotape of the latter test, there was
some fluctuation in the steps when the power supply was below 9 volts.
              “An expert declaration is admissible to support or defeat summary
judgment if the expert’s testimony would be admissible at trial in accordance with
Evidence Code section 720,” and “[a]n expert may testify to an opinion on a subject ‘that
is sufficiently beyond common experience that the opinion of an expert would assist the
trier of fact.’” (Bozzi v. Nordstrom, Inc. (2010) 186 Cal. App. 4th 755, 761, quoting (Evid.
Code, § 801, subd. (a).) The opinions may be based “on matter (including his special
knowledge, skill, experience, training, and education) perceived by or personally known
to the witness or made known to him at or before the hearing, whether or not admissible,
that is of a type that reasonably may be relied upon by an expert in forming an opinion
upon the subject to which his testimony relates.” (Evid. Code, § 801, subd. (b).)
              Power Gear objects to this court considering the experts’ declarations
submitted by plaintiff, noting the trial court excluded them due to the lack of compliance
with the requirements of section 2015.5. In response, plaintiff contends “[t]he [t]rial
[c]ourt should have considered the . . . declarations under the liberality accorded papers
filed in opposition to a motion for summary judgment.”
              On the latter point, plaintiff’s argument lacks merit. Section 437c,
subdivision (d) declares, “Supporting and opposing affidavits or declarations . . . shall set
forth admissible evidence.” To be admissible, section 2015.5, subdivision (a) requires a
declaration executed in California to include the date and place of execution and “‘certify
(or declare) under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.’” The
declarations of Eidsmoe and Nicholas did not satisfy these requirements. Thus, the trial
court was correct in sustaining defendants’ objections to the use of plaintiff’s experts’
declarations as originally submitted. (Witchell v. De Korne (1986) 179 Cal. App. 3d 965,
975, superseded by statute on another point as noted in Reid v. Google, Inc. (2010) 50
Cal. 4th 512, 530 [“Technical defects in a declaration, [including failure to specify the

                                             15
place of execution and that it was made under penalty of perjury] prevent its
consideration as a declaration by the trial court” in ruling on a summary judgment
motion]; Kulshrestha v. First Union Commercial Corp. (2004) 33 Cal. 4th 601, 610
[rejecting application of substantial compliance doctrine to allow the use of
noncomplying declaration].)
              Alternatively, plaintiff argues the trial court should have granted her request
for a short continuance to submit declarations from her experts that complied with section
2015.5. We agree.
              Under section 437c, subdivision (h), where “from the affidavits submitted
in opposition to a motion for summary judgment” a trial court concludes “that facts
essential to justify opposition may exist but cannot, for reasons stated, then be presented,
the court shall deny the motion, order a continuance to permit affidavits to be obtained or
discovery to be had, or make any other order as may be just.” In Bahl v. Bank of America
(2001) 89 Cal. App. 4th 389, we noted that where an opposing party satisfies the statutory
requirements, this “provision mak[es] continuances—which are normally a matter within
the broad discretion of trial courts — virtually mandated.” (Id. at p. 395; Park v. First
American Title Co. (2011) 201 Cal. App. 4th 1418, 1428 [“When a party makes a good
faith showing by affidavit demonstrating that a continuance is necessary to obtain
essential facts to oppose a motion for summary judgment, the trial court must grant the
continuance request”].)
              As Power Gear notes, plaintiff’s continuance request did not comply with
section 437c, subdivision (h). Nonetheless, even “‘in the absence of an affidavit that
requires a continuance under section 437c, subdivision (h), we review the trial court’s
denial of appellant’s request for a continuance for abuse of discretion.’” (Park v. First
American Title Co., supra, 201 Cal.App.4th at p. 1428.)
              Here, the trial court abused its discretion by refusing to grant plaintiff a
continuance in this case to correct the technical defects in her experts’ declarations. One

                                             16
relevant factor is whether the evidence the opponent seeks to obtain is essential to the
motion. (Chavez v. 24 Hour Fitness USA, Inc. (2015) 238 Cal. App. 4th 632, 644.)
Eidsmoe’s and Nicholas’s declarations rebutted the evidence contained in the expert
declarations filed by defendants. Further, unlike the circumstances contemplated by
subdivision (h) of section 437c, plaintiff did not seek a continuance to obtain additional
evidence or conduct discovery. The trial court already had before it the substance of each
expert witness’s opinions and conclusions. Rather, plaintiff’s request was to correct
technical deficiencies in their declarations that, as the trial court subsequently
acknowledged, resulted from a computer glitch.
              Power Gear suggests a continuance would have been prejudicial because
trial was set to begin in mid-November and the parties had scheduled several
“depositions . . . to begin on September 30th, if the [summary judgment motion] was
denied.” The motion was heard on September 20. A short 24- or 48-hour continuance
limited to allowing plaintiff to submit new declarations from Eidsmoe and Nicholas
identical to their original statements, save for compliance with the requirements of
section 2015.5, would not have forced the parties to scrap the forthcoming depositions.
“‘Though often said, it appears necessary to again reiterate that a summary judgment is a
drastic measure which deprives the losing party of trial on the merits.’” (Bahl v. Bank of
America, supra, 89 Cal.App.4th at p. 395.) As we have recognized “the interests at stake
are too high to sanction the denial of a continuance without good reason.” (Frazee v.
Seely (2002) 95 Cal. App. 4th 627, 634; Knapp v. Doherty (2004) 123 Cal. App. 4th 76,
100.)
              We conclude the evidence submitted and proposed by plaintiff sufficed to
create triable issues of material fact on both the negligence and product liability causes of
action as against Power Gear. Therefore, the trial court abused its discretion by denying
plaintiff’s request for a short continuance to correct the defects in her experts’
declarations and by granting the motion for summary judgment.

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                                      DISPOSITION

              The judgment in favor of Giant Inland Empire RV Center, Inc. is affirmed.
The judgment in favor of Power Gear and Kwikee Products Co., Inc. is reversed. The
parties shall bear their own costs on appeal.

                                                     RYLAARSDAM, ACTING P. J.

WE CONCUR:

MOORE, J.

ARONSON, J.

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