Court Opinion

ID: 4108638
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-12-19 21:14:33.913732+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:34:28.361921
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Hilton, 2016-Ohio-8219.]

                                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                      PORTAGE COUNTY, OHIO

STATE OF OHIO,                                  :       OPINION

                 Plaintiff-Appellee,            :
                                                        CASE NOS. 2015-P-0062
        - vs -                                  :             and 2015-P-0063

ALBERT M. HILTON,                               :

                 Defendant-Appellant.           :

Criminal Appeal from the Portage County Court of Common Pleas, Case Nos. 2014
CR 00952 and 2015 CR 00325.

Judgment: Affirmed.

Victor V. Vigluicci, Portage County Prosecutor, and Kristina Drnjevich, Assistant
Prosecutor, 241 South Chestnut Street, Ravenna, OH 44266 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).

Kimberly Anne Valenti, P.O. Box 1149, Hudson, OH 44236 (For Defendant-Appellant).

COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J.

        {¶1}     Appellant, Albert M. Hilton, appeals from the August 6, 2015 judgment of

the Portage County Court of Common Pleas, sentencing him in two cases, Case Nos.

2014 CR 00952 and 2015 CR 00325, involving failure to comply with order or signal of

police officer, resisting arrest, and five counts of violating a protection order following

jury trials. In this consolidated appeal, appellant raises issues regarding sufficiency and

manifest weight of the evidence. Finding no error, we affirm.
       {¶2}   In Case No. 2014 CR 00952, appellant was indicted by the Portage

County Grand Jury on two counts: count one, failure to comply with order or signal of

police officer, a felony of the third degree, in violation of R.C. 2921.331; and count two,

resisting arrest, a misdemeanor of the second degree, in violation of R.C. 2921.33(A).

       {¶3}   A jury trial commenced on June 16, 2015. Three witnesses testified for

appellee, the state of Ohio: Gordan Fischer, Portage County chief investigator;

Benjamin Vecchio, an officer with the Ravenna Police Department (“RPD”); and Kevin

Lafferty, a patrolman with the RPD.

       {¶4}   The RPD received a call concerning a reckless operation involving a silver

Jeep in the Shadowlawn Hills allotment. Officer Vecchio and Patrolman Lafferty were

dispatched.   Officer Vecchio arrived first and observed the silver Jeep, driven by

appellant, make a U-turn. The officer followed appellant but saw that the Jeep had

turned around and started coming toward him. The officer activated his cruiser’s lights

and sirens. The cruiser video captured most of the incident. Appellant ran a stop sign

and kept driving.

       {¶5}   The pursuit continued through a residential area where people were

outside of their homes and there were other vehicles in the area. The posted speed

limit is 25 to 35 m.p.h. During the pursuit, appellant reached speeds of 44 m.p.h. and

ran additional stop signs. Officer Vecchio indicated that appellant went left of center,

two or three vehicles had to pull over to get out of appellant’s way, appellant almost hit

Patrolman Lafferty’s cruiser, and appellant almost ran head on into a truck. Patrolman

Lafferty also indicated that appellant almost hit other vehicles, including his cruiser, and

that there was a person standing near the road during the pursuit.

                                             2
       {¶6}   Appellant ended up jumping out of his vehicle while it was still moving,

running up a driveway, and jumping over a fence.            The officers eventually found

appellant in his nearby residence. Appellant’s father, James Hilton, answered the door.

Appellant ran upstairs, a struggle ensued, and he was arrested.

       {¶7}   At the close of the state’s case, defense counsel moved for an acquittal

pursuant to Crim.R. 29 which was overruled by the trial court. Appellant presented no

witnesses and did not testify.     Appellant was found guilty of both counts, failure to

comply with order or signal of police officer and resisting arrest.

       {¶8}   In Case No. 2015 CR 00325, appellant was indicted by the Portage

County Grand Jury on two counts of domestic violence, felonies of the fourth degree, in

violation of R.C. 2919.25. A protection order was filed on May 11, 2015, subjecting

appellant to the following:

       {¶9}   “Only the Court may change this Protection Order. The Petitioner/Alleged

Victim [Carol Anderla] cannot give you legal permission to change this Order. If you go

near the Petitioner/Alleged Victim or other protected person, even with their permission,

you may be arrested. Only the Court may modify or terminate this Protection Order.

Unless the Court modifies or terminates this Order, you may be arrested for violating

this Protection Order. You act at your own risk if you disregard this WARNING.”

(Emphasis sic.)

       {¶10} The protection order further specified the following:

       {¶11} “DEFENDANT SHALL NOT INITIATE OR HAVE ANY CONTACT with

the protected persons named in this Order. * * * Contact includes, but is not limited to,

landline, cordless, cellular or digital telephone; text; instant messaging; fax; e-mail;

                                              3
voice mail; delivery service; social networking media; blogging; writings; electronic

communications; or communications by any other means directly or through another

person.     Respondent may not violate this Order even with the permission of a

protected person.” (Emphasis sic.)

       {¶12} Appellant acknowledged service of the protection order and signed the

document on May 11, 2015.

       {¶13} On June 26, 2015, an amended indictment was filed charging appellant

with seven additional counts: one count of felonious assault, a felony of the second

degree, in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1); five counts of violating a protection order,

felonies of the fifth degree, in violation of R.C. 2919.27; and one count of intimidation of

a crime victim or witness, a felony of the third degree, in violation of R.C. 2921.04(B).

       {¶14} A jury trial commenced on July 21, 2015. Five witnesses testified for the

state: Edward Panzeter, a general surgeon at Robinson Memorial Hospital; Carol

Anderla, who was involved in a romantic relationship with appellant and was named as

the alleged victim in the protection order; Jennifer Lohr, a previous ex-girlfriend of

appellant’s; Elizabeth Hurd, a Deputy Sheriff with the Portage County Sheriff’s

Department (“PCSD”); and Gregory Johnson, Lieutenant and Chief of the Detective

Bureau with the PCSD.

       {¶15} The protection order violations stemmed from incidents of alleged

domestic violence and felonious assault.         Ms. Anderla indicated that appellant had

abused her.    She voiced the abuse during a follow-up doctor appointment with Dr.

Panzeter.

                                             4
      {¶16} Ms. Anderla knew there was a protection order issued in this case. She

received a copy of it in the mail before leaving to go to Florida. She received another

notice when she returned from Florida. Ms. Anderla was aware that appellant could not

contact her via phone, mail, or in person. She explained that her primary phone was a

cell phone that had belonged to appellant, referred to as the “Obama phone.”

      {¶17} The evidence revealed that appellant made five recorded phone calls to

Ms. Anderla from jail after the protection order was issued against him on May 11, 2015,

which were played for the jury: (1) May 13, 2015 at 7:47 p.m. (Ms. Anderla heard the jail

recording and identified appellant’s voice); (2) May 14, 2015 at 7:00 p.m.; (3) May 15,

2015 at 5:12 p.m.; (4) May 28, 2015 at 6:19 p.m.; and (5) May 28, 2015 at 6:39 p.m.

(Ms. Anderla heard the jail recording, the caller identified himself as “Wes,” and she

recognized the voice as appellant’s).

      {¶18} Lieutenant Johnson testified that part of his job duties includes reviewing

and monitoring jail phone calls. He explained that the jail contracts with Securis, a

Texas company, which maintains and runs the jail inmate recording system. He also

explained that as part of the booking process, each inmate gains access to the jail

phone system through the use of a pin number, i.e., his or her social security number.

      {¶19} Lieutenant Johnson conducted a search by Ms. Anderla’s outgoing phone

number from the jail.    He listened to the calls, downloaded, and recorded them.

Lieutenant Johnson determined and testified regarding the five calls placed by appellant

to Ms. Anderla beginning on May 13, 2015, which were played for the jury.             He

confirmed that the two voices heard in all five calls were Ms. Anderla’s and appellant’s.

                                           5
Although appellant had used Wes’, another inmate, pin number, Lieutenant Johnson

explained that inmates often share their phone access pins at the jail.

       {¶20} Lieutenant Johnson further testified that appellant was the subject of a

protection order. The order stated that appellant may be arrested for contacting Ms.

Anderla through various communications including, inter alia, phone, even with her

permission. Lieutenant Johnson indicated that appellant received service of the order,

appellant’s signature appeared next to the “service acknowledged by,” and the order

was served on May 11, 2015. Appellant received a copy, the court received a copy,

and the sheriff’s department maintained a copy.

       {¶21} Regarding service of the protection order, Lieutenant Johnson specifically

testified on direct examination (pages 400-402):

       {¶22} “Q. Can you tell me if the Defendant, Albert Hilton, was served a copy of

that document?

       {¶23} “A. Yes, he was.

       {¶24} “Q. How do you know?

       {¶25} “A. Service acknowledged by there’s a signature and I believe to be of

Albert Hilton and it was served on May 11, 2015.

       {¶26} “Q. Are you familiar with the procedure on how protection orders get

served to Portage County inmates?

       {¶27} “A. Depending on how - - if they’re getting released from the jail, a lot of

times the Booking Officer will serve them. It will get faxed over and they’re served with

that copy before they walk out of the jail.

                                              6
         {¶28} “If not, a lot of times it will be sent down to my Department and then a

Deputy will go back and make the service.

         {¶29} “Q. Making the service, you talked about signing an acknowledgment,

right?

         {¶30} “A. Providing them a copy of it and then getting the receipt that it was

signed.

         {¶31} “Q. So they get to keep their copy?

         {¶32} “A. Yes.

         {¶33} “Q. Okay. And that receipt of service, do you know where it goes?

         {¶34} “A. We maintain a copy of it and it also comes back to the Courts.

         {¶35} “Q. We meaning Sheriff’s Department?

         {¶36} “A. I’m sorry, the Sheriff’s Department. Because we make a record of

those in our Dispatch Center.

         {¶37} “Q. Yes, sir.

         {¶38} “So can you tell me what day Albert Hilton was served with that copy of

the Protection Order?

         {¶39} “A. May 11, 2015.”

         {¶40} At the close of the state’s case, defense counsel moved for an acquittal

pursuant to Crim.R. 29 which was overruled by the trial court. The defense presented

one witness, James Hilton, appellant’s father. Defense counsel renewed its Crim.R. 29

motion for acquittal which was overruled by the trial court. Appellant was found not

guilty on count one, domestic violence, and count nine, intimidation of a crime victim or

witness. The jury could not make a decision on count two, domestic violence, or count

                                             7
three, felonious assault.         Appellant was found guilty of the five protection order

violations.

        {¶41} The trial court sentenced appellant in both cases to a total prison term of

eight years.1 In Case No. 2014 CR 00952, appellant was sentenced to three years in

prison for failure to comply with order or signal of police officer (consecutive) and 90

days for resisting arrest (concurrent).          In Case No. 2015 CR 00325, appellant was

sentenced to one year for each of the five counts of violating a protection order

(consecutive). The court notified appellant that following his release from prison, he

may be supervised under post-release control for three years. Appellant filed timely

appeals and raises the following two assignments of error:2

        {¶42} “[1.] The State failed to present sufficient evidence to support the offense

of violating a protection order and the jury’s verdicts, Appellants’ (sic) convictions as a

matter of law and/or was the jury’s verdicts against the manifest weight of the evidence.

        {¶43} “[2.] The trial court erred in overruling Appellants’ (sic) Crim.R. 29 motions

for acquittal; as originally made and renewed.”

        {¶44} We note that appellant had two separate and distinct trials. Thus, the

facts are different. However, the legal issues are the same. Appellant does not take

issue with his sentence. Rather, appellant’s appeal centers around issues related to his

trials. Appellant’s two assignments of error focus on sufficiency (involving failure to

comply with order or signal of police officer in Case No. 2014 CR 00952 and violating a

protection order in Case No. 2015 CR 00325) and manifest weight of the evidence

1. The trial court issued a sentencing entry on July 29, 2015 and a nunc pro tunc entry on August 6, 2015.

2. This court sua sponte consolidated both appeals, Case Nos. 2015-P-0062 and 2015-P-0063, for all
purposes.

                                                    8
(finding him guilty of the five protection order violations in Case No. 2015 CR 00325).

Because the assignments are interrelated, we will address them together.

      {¶45} With regard to sufficiency, in State v. Bridgeman, 55 Ohio St.2d 261, 381

(1978), the Ohio Supreme Court established the test for determining whether a Crim.R.

29 motion for acquittal is properly denied. The Court stated that “[p]ursuant to Crim.R.

29(A), a court shall not order an entry of judgment of acquittal if the evidence is such

that reasonable minds can reach different conclusions as to whether each material

element of a crime has been proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”             Id. at syllabus.

“Thus, when an appellant makes a Crim.R. 29 motion, he or she is challenging the

sufficiency of the evidence introduced by the state.” State v. Patrick, 11th Dist. Trumbull

Nos. 2003-T-0166 and 2003-T-0167, 2004-Ohio-6688, ¶18.

      {¶46} As this court stated in State v. Schlee, 11th Dist. Lake No. 93-L-082, 1994

Ohio App. LEXIS 5862, *13-14 (Dec. 23, 1994):

      {¶47} “‘Sufficiency’ challenges whether the prosecution has presented evidence

on each element of the offense to allow the matter to go to the jury, while ‘manifest

weight’ contests the believability of the evidence presented.

      {¶48} “‘“The test (for sufficiency of the evidence) is whether after viewing the

probative evidence and the inference[s] drawn therefrom in the light most favorable to

the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found all of the elements of the

offense beyond a reasonable doubt.         The claim of insufficient evidence invokes an

inquiry about due process. It raises a question of law, the resolution of which does not

allow the court to weigh the evidence.”’

                                             9
      {¶49} “In other words, the standard to be applied on a question concerning

sufficiency is: when viewing the evidence ‘in a light most favorable to the prosecution,’

‘(a) reviewing court (should) not reverse a jury verdict where there is substantial

evidence upon which the jury could reasonably conclude that all of the elements of an

offense have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt.’” (Emphasis sic.) (Citations

omitted.)

      {¶50} “[A] reviewing court must look to the evidence presented * * * to assess

whether the state offered evidence on each statutory element of the offense, so that a

rational trier of fact may infer that the offense was committed beyond a reasonable

doubt.” State v. March, 11th Dist. Lake No. 98-L-065, 1999 Ohio App. LEXIS 3333, *8

(July 16, 1999).    The evidence is to be viewed in a light most favorable to the

prosecution when conducting this inquiry. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, paragraph

two of the syllabus (1991). Further, the verdict will not be disturbed on appeal unless

the reviewing court finds that reasonable minds could not have arrived at the conclusion

reached by the trier of fact. State v. Dennis, 79 Ohio St.3d 421, 430 (1997).

      {¶51} With regard to manifest weight, this court stated in Schlee, supra, at *14-

15:

      {¶52} “‘[M]anifest weight’ requires a review of the weight of the evidence

presented, not whether the state has offered sufficient evidence on each element of the

offense.

      {¶53} “‘In determining whether the verdict was against the manifest weight of the

evidence, “(* * *) the court reviewing the entire record, weighs the evidence and all

reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in

                                           10
resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its way and created such a

manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial

ordered. (* * *)”’ (Citations omitted.) * * *” (Emphasis sic.)

       {¶54} A judgment of a trial court should be reversed as being against the

manifest weight of the evidence “‘only in the exceptional case in which the evidence

weighs heavily against the conviction.’” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387

(1997).

       {¶55} With respect to the manifest weight of the evidence, we note that the jury

is in the best position to assess the credibility of witnesses. State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio

St.2d 230, paragraph one of the syllabus (1967).

       {¶56} “A finding that a judgment is not against the manifest weight of the

evidence necessarily means the judgment is supported by sufficient evidence.”

Patterson v. Godale, 11th Dist. Lake Nos. 2014-L-034 and 2014-L-042, 2014-Ohio-

5615, ¶23, citing State v. Arcaro, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2012-A-0028, 2013-Ohio-

1842, ¶32 (“‘Since there must be sufficient evidence to take a case to the jury, it follows

that “a finding that a conviction is supported by the weight of the evidence necessarily

must include a finding of sufficiency.”’” (Emphasis sic.) (Citations omitted.))

       {¶57} For the reasons addressed below, we determine the judgment is not

against the manifest weight of the evidence and, thus, further conclude it is supported

by sufficient evidence.

       {¶58} Appellant takes issue with the guilty finding in Case No. 2014 CR 00952,

failure to comply with order or signal of police officer, a felony of the third degree, in

violation of R.C. 2921.331, which states in part:

                                              11
       {¶59} “(B) No person shall operate a motor vehicle so as willfully to elude or flee

a police officer after receiving a visible or audible signal from a police officer to bring the

person’s motor vehicle to a stop.

       {¶60} “* * *

       {¶61} “(5)

       {¶62} “(a) A violation of division (B) of this section is a felony of the third degree

if the jury or judge as trier of fact finds any of the following by proof beyond a

reasonable doubt:

       {¶63} “* * *

       {¶64} “(ii) The operation of the motor vehicle by the offender caused a

substantial risk of serious physical harm to persons or property.”

       {¶65} As stated, the RPD received a call concerning a reckless operation

involving a silver Jeep in the Shadowlawn Hills allotment.             Officer Vecchio and

Patrolman Lafferty were dispatched.        Officer Vecchio arrived first and observed the

silver Jeep, driven by appellant, make a U-turn. The officer followed appellant but saw

that the Jeep had turned around and started coming toward him. The officer activated

his cruiser’s lights and sirens.      The cruiser video captured most of the incident.

Appellant ran a stop sign and kept driving.

       {¶66} The pursuit continued through a residential area where people were

outside of their homes and there were other vehicles in the area. The posted speed

limit is 25 to 35 m.p.h. During the pursuit, appellant reached speeds of 44 m.p.h. and

ran additional stop signs. Officer Vecchio indicated that appellant went left of center,

two or three vehicles had to pull over to get out of appellant’s way, appellant almost hit

                                              12
Patrolman Lafferty’s cruiser, and appellant almost ran head on into a truck. Patrolman

Lafferty also indicated that appellant almost hit other vehicles, including his cruiser, and

there was a person standing near the road during the pursuit.

       {¶67} Appellant ended up jumping out of his vehicle while it was still moving,

running up a driveway, and jumping over a fence.            The officers eventually found

appellant in his nearby residence. Appellant’s father, James Hilton, answered the door.

Appellant ran upstairs, a struggle ensued, and he was arrested.

       {¶68} The testimonial evidence along with the cruiser video establish sufficient

evidence for the jury to have found appellant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of failure

to comply with order or signal of police officer and that he, through the operation of his

motor vehicle, created a substantial risk of serious physical harm to persons or property

during the pursuit. R.C. 2921.331(B)(5)(a)(ii).

       {¶69} In addition, appellant also takes issue with the guilty finding of the five

protection order violations in Case No. 2015 CR 00325, felonies of the fifth degree, in

violation of R.C. 2919.27, which states in part:

       {¶70} “(A) No person shall recklessly violate the terms of any of the following:

       {¶71} “(1) A protection order issued or consent agreement approved pursuant to

section 2919.26 or 3113.31 of the Revised Code;

       {¶72} “(2) A protection order issued pursuant to section 2151.34, 2903.213, or

2903.214 of the Revised Code;

       {¶73} “* * *

       {¶74} “(B)

       {¶75} “(1) Whoever violates this section is guilty of violating a protection order.

                                            13
        {¶76} “* * *

        {¶77} “(3) If the offender previously has been convicted of, pleaded guilty to, or

been adjudicated a delinquent child for a violation of a protection order * * * or one or

more violations of this section, violating a protection order is a felony of the fifth degree.”

        {¶78} R.C. 2901.22(C) states: “A person acts recklessly when, with heedless

indifference to the consequences, the person disregards a substantial and unjustifiable

risk that the person’s conduct is likely to cause a certain result or is likely to be of a

certain nature. A person is reckless with respect to circumstances when, with heedless

indifference to the consequences, the person disregards a substantial and unjustifiable

risk that such circumstances are likely to exist.”

        {¶79} R.C. 2945.75(B)(1) provides: “Whenever in any case it is necessary to

prove a prior conviction, a certified copy of the entry of judgment in such prior conviction

together with evidence sufficient to identify the defendant named in the entry as the

offender in the case at bar, is sufficient to prove such prior conviction.”

        {¶80} Defense counsel stipulated to a certified copy of appellant’s prior

protection order conviction from a 2006 case. Defense counsel also stipulated to the

certified copy of the protection order issued in this case. Again, the order stated that

appellant may be arrested for contacting Ms. Anderla through various communications

including, inter alia, phone, even with her permission. Contrary to appellant’s assertion,

it is of no consequence whether he called Ms. Anderla on the “Obama phone,” i.e., his

own cell phone, from the telephone at the jail. The protection order specifically stated

that he was to have no contact with her whatsoever. The order was dated May 11,

2015.    The order contained appellant’s service acknowledgement and signature.

                                              14
Specifically, appellant signed his name under the heading, “Service acknowledged,” and

handwrote the date as “5-11-15.” As addressed, Lieutenant Johnson testified at trial

regarding such service. Thus, service was perfected. See R.C. 2919.26(G)(1) (“The

court shall direct that a copy of the order be delivered to the defendant on the same day

that the order is entered.”)

       {¶81} Thus, the trial testimony and evidence establish that appellant was served

with a copy of the protection order and violated it five times. Appellant’s signature

acknowledging receipt of the order shows actual service and satisfies any notice

requirement. As stated, appellant made five recorded phone calls to Ms. Anderla from

jail after the protection order was issued against him on May 11, 2015, which were

played for the jury: (1) May 13, 2015 at 7:47 p.m. (Ms. Anderla heard the jail recording

and identified appellant’s voice); (2) May 14, 2015 at 7:00 p.m.; (3) May 15, 2015 at

5:12 p.m.; (4) May 28, 2015 at 6:19 p.m.; and (5) May 28, 2015 at 6:39 p.m. (Ms.

Anderla heard the jail recording, the caller identified himself as “Wes,” and she

recognized the voice as appellant’s).

       {¶82} Lieutenant Johnson conducted a search by Ms. Anderla’s outgoing phone

number from the jail.      He listened to the calls, downloaded, and recorded them.

Lieutenant Johnson determined and testified regarding the five calls placed by appellant

to Ms. Anderla beginning on May 13, 2015. He confirmed that the two voices heard in

all five calls were Ms. Anderla’s and appellant’s. Although appellant had used Wes’,

another inmate, pin number, Lieutenant Johnson explained that inmates often share

their phone access pins at the jail.

                                           15
      {¶83} Lieutenant Johnson further testified that appellant was the subject of a

protection order. The order stated that appellant may be arrested for contacting Ms.

Anderla through various communications including, inter alia, phone, even with her

permission. Lieutenant Johnson indicated that appellant received service of the order,

appellant’s signature appeared next to the “service acknowledged by”, and the order

was served on May 11, 2015. Appellant received a copy, the court received a copy,

and the sheriff’s department maintained a copy.

      {¶84} Accordingly, the state established beyond a reasonable doubt that

appellant was served with the protection order before committing the violations, thereby

supporting his conviction for violating the order. See State v. Smith, 136 Ohio St.3d 1,

2013-Ohio-1698, syllabus.

      {¶85} Pursuant to Schlee, supra, there is sufficient evidence upon which the

juries could reasonably conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that the elements of failure

to comply with order or signal of police officer in Case No. 2014 CR 00952 and violating

a protection order in Case No. 2015 CR 00325 were proven. Thus, the trial court did

not err in overruling appellant’s Crim.R. 29 motions.

      {¶86} Also, the jury chose to believe the state’s witnesses. DeHass, supra, at

paragraph one of the syllabus. Based on the evidence presented, as previously stated,

we cannot say that the jury clearly lost its way in finding appellant guilty of the five

protection order violations in Case No. 2015 CR 00325.       Schlee, supra, at *14-15;

Thompkins, supra, at 387.

      {¶87} Appellant’s first and second assignments of error are without merit.

                                            16
      {¶88} For the foregoing reasons, appellant’s assignments of error are not well-

taken. The judgment of the Portage County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

TIMOTHY P. CANNON, J.,

THOMAS R. WRIGHT, J.,

concur in judgment only.

                                        17