Court Opinion

ID: 9555989
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-15 18:12:06.07836+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:35:53.244723
License: Public Domain

J-S15041-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  CHRISTOPHER ROBERTS                          :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 1347 MDA 2022

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered August 22, 2022
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County
            Criminal Division at No(s): CP-22-CR-0004840-2018

BEFORE: BOWES, J., STABILE, J., and SULLIVAN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY SULLIVAN, J.:                    FILED: AUGUST 15, 2023

       Christopher Roberts (“Roberts”) appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed following the revocation of his probation.         Additionally, Roberts’s

counsel (“Counsel”) has filed a petition to withdraw and an accompanying brief

pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967) and Commonwealth

v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).              We grant Counsel’s petition to

withdraw and affirm.

       The relevant factual and procedural history of this case is as follows.

Following allegations that, in August 2018, Roberts took his boyfriend’s dog

and then cut and stabbed it to death, the Commonwealth charged Roberts

with burglary, theft by unlawful taking, and aggravated cruelty to animals.1

See Criminal Complaint, 9/10/18; see also Information, 11/26/18.               In

December 2018, Roberts pleaded guilty to all three offenses. See Guilty Plea,
____________________________________________

1 See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3502(a)(2), 3921(a), and 5534(a)(1).
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12/4/18. The trial court sentenced Roberts to, inter alia, eleven-and-a-half to

twenty-three months of incarceration for the burglary, and five years of

consecutive probation for the aggravated cruelty to animals conviction. See

Disposition Sheet, 1/9/19.2 Roberts’s sentence also included, among other

things, the following conditions: he was prohibited from residing “in any home

that has [an] animal”; and he was required to continue with mental health

treatment and medication. See id.

       Following sentencing, Roberts violated the conditions of his parole by,

inter alia, drinking alcohol while under the age of twenty-one and being

convicted of a new criminal offense, i.e., accidents involving damage,

stemming from a car accident, the scene of which Roberts left without

providing the requisite information to the other person involved in the

accident. See N.T., 7/21/20, at 3, 5. The violation-of-probation (“VOP”) court

subsequently revoked Roberts’s parole on July 21, 2020 and, inter alia,

ordered him to serve the balance of his sentence.      See Disposition Sheet,

7/21/20. The VOP court also reiterated, at that time, the conditions that were

part of Roberts’s sentence, including, among other things, a prohibition on

residing with animals, and a requirement that Roberts continue with his

mental health treatment. See id.

____________________________________________

2 The theft by unlawful taking conviction merged for sentencing purposes with

the burglary conviction. See Disposition Sheet, 1/9/19.

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       There was a second VOP brought against Roberts as a result of a home

visit on July 12, 2022. The probation officer testified that at the visit he heard

a dog from outside Roberts’s home, entered, and inquired about the dog.

Though Roberts initially denied there was a dog present, he ultimately

admitted there was a dog in the apartment, and that it had been there for “a

couple of weeks.”       See N.T., 8/22/22, at 4-5.   The probation officer then

discovered that Roberts had attempted to hide the dog in his locked bedroom

closet behind a dresser. See id. at 4. Roberts explained at the time that the

dog belonged to another male who was staying at the residence. See id. at

5. On August 22, 2022, at the conclusion of the hearing for the VOP, the court

revoked Roberts’s probation and sentenced him to two-and-a-half to seven

years of imprisonment.         See Sentencing Order, 8/23/22.     Roberts timely

appealed. See Notice of Appeal, 9/21/22. The VOP court ordered Roberts to

file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). See Order, 9/28/22. Counsel filed a statement pursuant

to Rule 1925(c)(4) indicating his intent to file a brief pursuant to

Anders/Santiago.3

       When presented with an Anders brief, this Court may not review the

merits of the underlying issues without first passing on the request to

withdraw. See Commonwealth v. Garang, 9 A.3d 237, 240 (Pa. Super.

____________________________________________

3 Given Counsel’s   indication of his intent to file an Anders/Santiago brief,
the trial court declined to author an opinion pursuant to Rule 1925(a). See
Memorandum Statement in Lieu of Opinion, 11/10/22, unnumbered at *1-*2.

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2010). Pursuant to Anders, when counsel believes an appeal is frivolous and

wishes to withdraw from representation, he or she must do the following:

      (1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that after
      making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
      determined the appeal would be frivolous; (2) file a brief referring
      to any issues that might arguably support the appeal, but which
      does not resemble a no-merit letter; and (3) furnish a copy of the
      brief to the defendant and advise him of his right to retain new
      counsel, proceed pro se, or raise any additional points he deems
      worthy of this Court’s attention.

Commonwealth v. Edwards, 906 A.2d 1225, 1227 (Pa. Super. 2006)

(internal citation omitted). In Santiago, our Supreme Court addressed the

second requirement of Anders, i.e., the contents of an Anders brief, and

required that the brief:

      (1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
      citations to the record;

      (2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
      supports the appeal;

      (3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and

      (4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is
      frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record,
      controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the
      conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.

Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.        “Once counsel has satisfied the [Anders]

requirements, it is then this Court’s duty to conduct its own review of the trial

court’s proceedings and render an independent judgment as to whether the

appeal is, in fact, wholly frivolous.” Edwards, 906 A.2d at 1228 (internal

citation omitted).

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       Here, Counsel avers in his petition to withdraw that he has reviewed

the record and determined that no non-frivolous issues exist. See Motion to

Withdraw, 1/12/23, at ¶ 3.           Counsel has further averred that he mailed

Roberts a copy of his petition to withdraw along with his Anders brief and a

letter explaining Roberts’s right to retain new counsel, file a pro se brief or

response in this Court, or to raise any additional matters before this Court

himself. See id. at ¶ 5; see also Anders Brief at Ex. C.4 Counsel’s brief

includes a summary of the factual and procedural history of the case, identifies

the issues that could arguably support Roberts’s appeal, and explains his

reasons for concluding the appeal is frivolous, with analysis of the pertinent

facts and applicable law. See Anders Brief at 2-19. As Counsel is in technical

compliance with Anders and Santiago, we proceed to conduct an

independent review to determine whether this appeal is wholly frivolous.

       Counsel identifies the following issues for our review: (1) Whether the

probation revocation was legal; and (2) whether the trial court abused its

discretion in sentencing Roberts to two-and-a-half to seven years of

incarceration? See Anders Brief at 10, 16.

       Our standard of review for probation revocations is as follows:

             When considering an appeal from a sentence imposed
       following the revocation of probation, our review is limited to
       determining the validity of the probation revocation proceedings
____________________________________________

4 We note that Roberts filed a pro se response on March 20, 2023 to Counsel’s

Anders brief, which this Court addressed in its March 23, 2023 order directing
that this appeal shall proceed. See Order, 3/23/23.

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      and the authority of the sentencing court to consider the same
      sentencing alternatives that it had at the time of the initial
      sentencing.

             Revocation of a probation sentence is a matter committed
      to the sound discretion of the trial court, and that court’s decision
      will not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of an error of law
      or an abuse of discretion.

Commonwealth v. Parson, 259 A.3d 1012, 1019 (Pa. Super. 2021) (internal

citation omitted).

      The first issue Counsel identifies is whether the VOP court erred in

revoking Roberts’s probation based on its finding that Roberts violated a

condition of his probation. Initially, we note that a trial court may impose

reasonable conditions of probation.    See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Starr,

234 A.3d 755, 761 (Pa. Super. 2020).        If a condition of probation is not

followed, section 9771(b) of the Sentencing Code “grants the court the

authority to revoke an order of probation upon proof of the violation of

specified conditions of the probation.” See id. (citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9771(b)).

Our Supreme Court has provided that “the VOP court must find, based on the

preponderance of the evidence, that the probationer violated a specific

condition of probation or committed a new crime to be found in violation.”

Commonwealth v. Foster, 214 A.3d 1240, 1243 (Pa. 2019).

      We discern no error in the VOP court’s probation revocation. Here, as

noted above, a condition of Roberts’s probation was that he abstain from

residing with any animals.       See Disposition Sheet, 1/9/19; see also

Disposition Sheet, 7/21/20. The VOP court heard evidence from Roberts’s

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probation officer that, during a home visit on July 12, 2022, Roberts was living

with a dog in his apartment, in violation of his condition of supervision, and

attempted to conceal this fact from his probation officer. See N.T., 8/22/22,

at 4-5.      Accordingly, the VOP court was authorized to revoke Roberts’s

probation based on his violation of a specific condition of his probation. See

Foster, 214 A.3d at 1243. As such, this issue is wholly frivolous and merits

no relief.

      The next issue Counsel identifies is whether the VOP court abused its

discretion in sentencing Roberts to two-and-a-half to seven years of

imprisonment.      Regarding a challenge to the discretionary aspects of a

probation-revocation sentence, we have stated:

      An appellant wishing to appeal the discretionary aspects of a
      probation-revocation sentence has no absolute right to do so but,
      rather, must petition this Court for permission to do so. Before
      this Court can address such a discretionary challenge, an appellant
      must invoke this Court’s jurisdiction by establishing that (1) the
      appeal was timely filed; (2) the challenge was properly preserved
      by objecting during the revocation sentencing or in a post-
      sentence motion; (3) his or her brief includes a concise statement
      of the reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal of the
      discretionary aspects of the sentence pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.
      2119(f); and (4) the concise statement raises a substantial
      question that the sentence is inappropriate under the Sentencing
      Code.

Starr, 234 A.3d at 759 (internal citation and quotations omitted). As noted

above, Roberts timely appealed.       While Counsel omitted a Rule 2119(f)

statement, this does not preclude our review of this issue in an Anders

context. See Commonwealth. v. Zeigler, 112 A.3d 656, 661 (Pa. Super.

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2015). Further, this Court has noted that “the imposition of a sentence of

total confinement after the revocation of probation for a technical violation,

and not a new criminal offense, implicates the fundamental norms which

underlie the sentencing process,” and thus presents a substantial question.

Commonwealth v. Crump, 995 A.2d 1280, 1282 (Pa. Super. 2010).                    As

Roberts’s issue presents a substantial question, we next determine whether

he has preserved his challenge to the discretionary aspects of his sentence.

       Counsel notes that Roberts waived any discretionary sentencing

challenge because he failed to object to his sentence at the revocation hearing

and, additionally, filed no post-sentence motions challenging the discretionary

aspects of his sentence. See Anders Brief at 17.5 Our review of the record

confirms that Roberts has failed to preserve his challenge to the discretionary

aspects of sentencing. Accordingly, he cannot invoke this Court’s jurisdiction

over this issue. See Starr, 234 A.3d at 759.

       However, even if properly preserved, Roberts’s discretionary sentencing

issue would merit no relief. Our standard of review is as follows:

       The imposition of sentence following the revocation of probation
       is vested within the sound discretion of the trial court, which,
       absent an abuse of that discretion, will not be disturbed on appeal.
       An abuse of discretion is more than an error in judgment—a
       sentencing court has not abused its discretion unless the record
       discloses that the judgment exercised was manifestly
       unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will.
____________________________________________

5 The record shows that after the September 21, 2022 filing of his notice of

appeal, Roberts filed an untimely pro se post-sentence motion, which the VOP
court forwarded to his attorney. See Motion, 10/3/22.

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Commonwealth v. Colon, 102 A.3d 1033, 1043 (Pa. Super. 2014). Upon

revocation, the sentencing alternatives available to the VOP court shall be the

same as were available at the time of initial sentencing, although the court’s

ability to order total confinement following a violation of probation is

statutorily circumscribed by subsection 9771(c). See Starr, 234 A.3d at 761.

Further, “[u]nder 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9771(c), a court may sentence a defendant

to total confinement subsequent to revocation of probation if[, inter alia,] . . .

such a sentence is essential to vindicate the authority of th[e] court.” Crump,

995 A.2d at 1282–83. Additionally,

      in all cases where the court resentences an offender following
      revocation of probation . . . the court shall make as a part of the
      record, and disclose in open court at the time of sentencing, a
      statement of the reason or reasons for the sentence imposed and
      failure to comply with these provisions shall be grounds for
      vacating the sentence or resentence and resentencing the
      defendant. A trial court need not undertake a lengthy discourse
      for its reasons for imposing a sentence or specifically reference
      the statute in question, but the record as a whole must reflect the
      sentencing court’s consideration of the facts of the crime and
      character of the offender.

Colon, 102 A.3d at 1044 (internal citations, quotations, and brackets

omitted). Total confinement may be necessary to vindicate the authority of

the court where a defendant demonstrates a “lack of willingness to comply

with . . . multiple court orders entered in [his] case.” Commonwealth v.

McAfee, 849 A.2d 270, 277 (Pa. Super. 2004).

      In this case, we note that, while on parole following his original

sentence, Roberts violated the conditions of his supervision by, inter alia,

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drinking while under the age of twenty-one and being convicted of a new

criminal offense, i.e., accidents involving damage. See N.T., 7/21/20, at 3,

5.   Following his parole revocation, Roberts later committed the probation

violation sub judice, namely, residing with a dog, which he attempted to

conceal from his probation officer.            This condition of supervision stemmed

directly from the nature of Roberts’s underlying convictions, e.g., cruelty to

animals. As the VOP court explained:

       . . . [W]ith the underlying background in this case, I’m sure the
       primary condition . . . was dealing with possession of any dogs
       going forward[,] and [the court] reiterated that at the [first]
       revocation [hearing]. [The court] made clear what the
       consequences would be for a violation of that[,] . . . [and] here
       we are with a dog in [Roberts’s] residence . . ..

                                         ****

             So, you know, based on the original sentence, what was
       reiterated at the revocation . . ., [Roberts’s] probation is revoked.
       He’s resentenced to a term of incarceration, the minimum of which
       shall be two and a half, the maximum of which shall be seven
       years . . ..

N.T., 8/22/22, at 16-17. Based on our review of the foregoing, we conclude

that even if Roberts’s challenge to the discretionary aspects of his sentence

were preserved, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding that

Roberts required a sentence of total confinement in order to vindicate the

authority of the court. See McAfee, 849 A.2d at 277.6 Thus, we conclude

____________________________________________

6 We also note that a defendant may also challenge the legality of the sentence

imposed following revocation.         See Commonwealth v. Shires, 240 A.3d
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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the issues identified in this appeal are frivolous, and our independent review

of the record reveals no additional issues of arguable merit. Accordingly, we

grant Counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm the judgment of sentence.

       Petition to withdraw granted. Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 8/15/2023

____________________________________________

974, 977 (Pa. Super. 2020). It is beyond cavil that Roberts’s cruelty to
animals conviction was a third-degree felony, and, therefore, punishable by
up to seven years of imprisonment. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 5534(a)(1), (b);
1103(3). A challenge to the legality of Roberts’s sentence would likewise be
wholly frivolous.

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