Court Opinion

ID: 2726829
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:09:11.584037+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:06:35.667662
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this                               Jul 24 2013, 6:25 am
Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                          ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

PETER L. BOYLES                                  GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Rhame & Elwood                                   Attorney General of Indiana
Portage, Indiana
                                                 KARL M. SCHARNBERG
                                                 Deputy Attorney General
                                                 Indianapolis, Indiana

                              IN THE
                    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

CHRISTOPHER BATTISHILL,                          )
                                                 )
       Appellant-Defendant,                      )
                                                 )
              vs.                                )      No. 64A05-1211-CR-589
                                                 )
STATE OF INDIANA,                                )
                                                 )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                       )

                    APPEAL FROM THE PORTER SUPERIOR COURT
                         The Honorable William E. Alexa, Judge
                            Cause No. 64D02-1204-FC-3371

                                       July 24, 2013

               MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION

RILEY, Judge
                             STATEMENT OF THE CASE

      Appellant-Defendant, Christopher Battishill (Battishill), appeals his conviction for

one Count of intimidation, a Class C felony, Ind. Code § 35-45-2-1, and one Count of

disorderly conduct, a Class B misdemeanor, I.C. § 35-45-1-3.

      We affirm.

                                          ISSUES

      Battishill raises four issues on appeal, which we restate as follows:

          (1) Whether the State presented sufficient evidence of probative value to

             sustain his conviction for intimidation;

          (2) Whether the trial court properly excluded Battishill’s YouTube video

             depicting a prior arrest of Battishill;

          (3) Whether Battishill’s conviction was subject to mandatory minimum

             sentencing; and

          (4) Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it failed to advise

             Battishill of his right to allocution prior to his sentencing.

                       FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

      On March 31, 2012, Battishill’s mother, Karen Carlson (Carlson), contacted the

Porter County Sheriff Department and reported that Battishill was acting erratically and

was concerned for his well-being. She told the Sheriff’s department that Battishill had

been making delusional statements and had threatened her life. Not knowing where the

house was, Officer Brian Gill (Officer Gill) and Sergeant Mathew Edwards (Sergeant

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Edwards) followed Carlson to Battishill’s residence. When Officer Gill and Sergeant

Edwards pulled up on the drive way, Battishill came out of the house, started waving his

hands in the air, and started screaming nonsensical statements. He thereafter ran back to

the house, locked himself in, and barricaded the door. Officer Gill and Sergeant Edwards

went to the front door and attempted to speak with Battishill. They knocked several

times. They could hear Battishill breaking things inside and shouting. He was screaming

that he was the reincarnation of Jesus Christ and that his mother, Carlson, was the devil.

He also made a comment that if Officer Gill and Sergeant Edwards entered the house

they would have to kill him because he was going to kill them.

      At that point, Officer Gill and Sergeant Edwards felt that Battishill was a threat to

himself or to someone else and they decided to enter the house. They obtained a key

from Carlson and attempted to open the door but were unable to since Battishill had

barricaded the door. Sergeant Edwards then instructed Officer Gill to go around the

house to the back door and see whether he could gain access to the house there.

Meanwhile, Sergeant Edwards remained at the front door. Sergeant Edwards once again

tried opening the front door. He lunged into it and this time, the door flung open. When

Officer Gill heard the commotion, he ran back to the front of the house and found that

Sergeant Edwards and his K-9 partner, Joker, were already in the house.

      As soon as he got in, Sergeant Edwards observed that Battishill was standing with

his “body bladed with his left hand behind his back, holding some kind of silver object

protruding out of the back.” (Transcript p. 110) He noticed that the object was a samurai

                                            3
sword. Upon seeing this, Sergeant Edwards released Joker. Joker lunged at Battishill

and bit his left arm. The samurai sword fell on the ground. Sergeant Edwards then

proceeded to handcuff Battishill. Battishill refused and a tussle ensued between him and

Sergeant Edwards where he also tried to bite Sergeant Edwards’ right hand. Battishill

was later transported to Porter County Hospital, where he continued making delusional

statements and became uncooperative. He began thrashing around, punched two of the

security guards, punched Officer Gill, and kicked Sergeant Edwards in the hand.

       On April 2, 2012, the State filed Information, charging Battishill with: Count I,

intimidation, a Class C felony, I.C. § 35-45-2-1; Count II, disarming a law enforcement

officer, a Class C felony, I.C. § 35-44-3-3-5; Counts III and IV, battery, Class D felonies,

I.C. § 35-42-2-1; Counts V and VI, battery, Class A misdemeanors, I.C. § 35-42-2-1;

Count VII, resisting law enforcement, a Class A misdemeanor, I.C. § 35-44-3-3; and

Count VIII, disorderly conduct, a Class B misdemeanor, I.C. § 35-45-1-3.

       On May 4, 2012, Battishil notified the court that he was going to proceed pro se.

On June 25, 2012, the State filed a motion for psychiatric examination and a hearing was

held on June 29, 2012, where the trial court appointed doctors to determine Battishill’s

competency to stand trial. On August 31, 2012, the trial court found that Battishill was

competent to stand trial and appointed a public defender to act as a standby counsel. On

September 17 -19, 2012, a jury trial was conducted. The jury found Battishill guilty of

intimidation and disorderly conduct and not guilty on all other charges. On October 19,

2012, the trial court held a sentencing hearing and Battishill was sentenced to four years

                                             4
in the Indiana Department of Correction with two years suspended on the intimidation

offense. The trial court also sentenced him to 180 days for disorderly conduct. These

sentences were to run concurrently.

       Battishill now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.

                             DISCUSSION AND DECISION

                                            I. Sufficiency

       Battishill contends that the State’s evidence was insufficient to establish beyond a

reasonable doubt his conviction for intimidation. In reviewing a sufficiency of the

evidence claim, this court does not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the

witness. Perez v State, 872 NE.2d 208, 212-13 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), trans denied. We

will consider only the evidence most favorable to the judgment and the reasonable

inferences to be drawn therefrom and will affirm if the evidence and those inferences

constitute substantial evidence of probative value to support the judgment. See id. at

213. Reversal is appropriate only when a person would not be able to form inferences as

to each material element of the offense. Id.

       To convict Battishill of intimidation, a Class C felony, the State was required to

establish that Battishill communicated a threat to another person, namely Sergeant

Edwards, with the intent to place him in fear of retaliation for a prior lawful act. See I.C.

§ 35-45-2-1(a)(2). Battishill now maintains that the threat was conditioned upon future

conduct and did not in any way place Sergeant Edwards in fear or retaliation for a prior

lawful act. We disagree.

                                               5
       The record shows that there was sufficient evidence establishing that Battishill’s

threat placed Sergeant Edwards in fear. Carlson contacted the Sherriff’s Department and

asked them to check up on Battishill since he had been making delusional statements and

had threatened her life.      Officer Gill and Sergeant Edwards followed Carlson to

Battishill’s residence. At trial, Officer Gill testified that Battishill “also made a comment

that if we entered the house we would have to kill him because he was going to attempt to

kill us.” (Tr. p 68). Further, Sergeant Edwards testified that:

       I observed Mr. Battishill standing with his body bladed with his left hand behind
       his back with some kind of silver object protruding out of the back. At that point
       in time, you only have split seconds. I [perceived] him to be a threat by the
       statement he had made that if we entered we would have to kill him or he would
       kill us.

(Tr. p. 110).

       Battishill argues that the threat was futuristic and it did not in any way mean that

he was going to act on it. In Norris v. State, 755 N.E.2d 190 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001), trans.

Denied, this court affirmed a conviction for intimidation base upon Norris’s threat to the

victim that he was “going to get” her for having denied him custody of his children.

Consequently, we conclude, that the threats were communicated within the meaning of

I.C. § 35-45-2-1(a)(2), and that the State presented sufficient evidence for the jury to find

Battishill guilty of the intimidation offense.

                                      II. Admission of Evidence

       Battishill contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it failed to admit

his YouTube video as evidence. Our standard of review in this area is well settled. The

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admission of evidence is within the sound discretion of the trial court, and the decision

whether to admit evidence will not be reversed absent a showing of manifest abuse of the

trial court resulting in the denial of a fair trial. Spires v. State, 670 N.E.2d 1313, 1315

(Ind. Ct. App. 1996). In determining the admissibility of evidence, the reviewing court

will only consider the evidence in favor of the trial court’s ruling and unrefuted evidence

in the defendant's favor. Reaves v. State, 586 N.E.2d 847, 857 (Ind. 1992).

       In the present case, the State filed a motion in limine requesting that Battishill’s

YouTube video entitled ‘Arrested for Videotaping the Police’, be prohibited from

presentation to the jury. (Tr. pp. 2-3) The video depicted a prior unrelated arrest of

Battishill by the same police department. In response, Battishill argued that:

       It’s a video of me being arrested for videotaping. It is an old charge from 2007. I
       wanted it [] I originally want it in this case, and it was denied by the judge. I
       couldn’t even make mention of it. But that’s what that is the relevance of it is the
       video. I was arrested for resisting law enforcement. It’s the same police
       department. It’s Porter County police. It shows that I’ve had prior incidents with
       this police department. It helps to explain why I was barricading the door, you
       know, in an attempt to not having anything to do with the police. I was scared. So
       that’s what it shows.

(Tr. pp. 173-74). (emphasis added).

       To determine the relevancy of the YouTube video, we rely on Ind. Evidence Rule

401 which provides that relevant evidence is that evidence having any tendency to make

the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more

probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence. The standard under

Evidence Rule 401 is a liberal one, and an appellate court reviews the trial court’s

determination as to relevance for an abuse of discretion. Jackson v. State, 712 N.E.2d
                                             7
986, 988 (Ind. 1999). However, relevant evidence “may be excluded if its probative

value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of issues,

or misleading the jury, or by considerations of undue delay, or needless presentation of

cumulative evidence.” Id. (citing Evid. R. 403).

      We find Battishill’s argument unpersuasive. He argues that the video would show

why he was barricading the door. However, Battishill was not charged with refusing to

open the door. Therefore, Battishill’s video would not have helped in determining the

issues before the trial court as being more probable or less probable under the

circumstances.   We, therefore, conclude that the trial court properly exercised its

discretion by not admitting the YouTube video as evidence.

                            III.    Mandatory Minimum Sentencing

      Next, Battishill alleges that the trial court abused its discretion when it concluded

that he was subject to mandatory minimum sentencing. Sentencing decisions are within

the sound discretion of the trial court and are reviewed only for an abuse of that

discretion. Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind.2007), clarified on reh’g, 875

N.E.2d 218. An abuse of discretion occurs if the decision is clearly against the logic and

effect of the facts and circumstances before the court, or the reasonable, probable, and

actual deductions to be drawn therefrom. Id.

      Batttishill argues that the trial court abused its discretion when it relied on the pre-

sentence investigation report. He argues that the report relates a “Hot Check Violation, a

Class C felony”, he committed between March 8, 2000 and March 9, 2000 in Green

                                             8
County, Arkansas, and which states that he had been sentenced to a fine, court costs, and

60 months of unsupervised probation.          (Appellant’s App. p. 290)       Battishill main

contention focuses on the additional information in the pre-sentence report which stated

that:

        The Green County Probation Department or Clerk’s Office were unable to provide
        a release date, therefore it’s believed his Probation was terminated on 6-4-08.

(App. p. 290).

        Ind. Code section 35-50-2-2 provides in pertinent part that:

        Sec. 2. (a) The court may suspend any part of a sentence for a felony, except as
        provided in this section []

               (b) [] with respect to the following crimes listed in this subsection, the court
               may suspend only that part of the sentence that is in excess of the minimum
               sentence, []:

                      (2) The crime committed was a Class C felony and less than seven
                      (7) years have elapsed between the date the person was discharged
                      from probation, imprisonment, or parole, whichever is later, for a
                      prior unrelated felony conviction and the date the person committed
                      the Class C felony for which the person is being sentenced.

        Here, Battishill had been previously convicted for a hot check violation and

ordered to serve 60 months of unsupervised probation.            The additional information

provided for in the pre-sentencing report stated that his probation was to be terminated on

June 4, 2008. Battishill committed the current intimidation offense on March 31, 2012.

Only four years have lapsed since Battishill got discharged from his probation. Even if

the probation date was miscalculated, any error in calculation would not have spanned

                                               9
more than three years. Battishill intimidation offense puts him well within the seven year

period, thus the trial court had to sentence him to at least two years.

       Furthermore, at trial, Battshill’s counsel affirmed that the information in the pre-

sentence report as being correct:

       [TRIAL COURT]: Are there any changes, corrections, or additions that need to
       be made in that report, or is everything in there correct?

       [BATTISHILL]: No changes, corrections or addition at all.

       [TRIAL COURT]: Everything is fine?

       [BATTISHILL]: Everything is fine.

(Sent. Tr. p 4).

       Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by

concluding that Battishill was subject to mandatory minimum sentencing.

                              IV.    Right of allocution

       Lastly, Battishill argues that his sentence should be set aside because the trial court

failed to grant his counsel or himself an opportunity to speak before the trial court

imposed the sentence. I.C. § 35-38-1-5, provides in pertinent part that:

       [t]he court shall inform the defendant of the verdict of the jury or the finding of the
       court. The court shall afford counsel for the defendant an opportunity to speak on
       behalf of the defendant. The defendant may also make a statement personally in
       the defendant’s own behalf and, before pronouncing sentence, the court shall ask
       the defendant whether the defendant wishes to make such a statement.

       Battishill relies on Fields v. State, 676 N.E.2d 27, 31 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997), trans.

denied, where this court remanded the case for resentencing when the trial court did not

                                              10
inquire of the defendant as to whether he desired to make a statement at sentencing.

Here, the record shows that the following exchange occurred at the sentencing trial:

       [TRIAL COURT]: Mr. Battishill the recommendation of my probation office is
       that on Count I, intimidation, a class D felony, that the sentence be four years in
       the department of corrections [sic] with two years suspended, which is the
       minimum mandatory, which is what you’re eligible for, with two years of formal
       probation. And also substance abuse and mental health evaluation and treatment.
       [] Do you have any thoughts or comments on that sentence, Mr. Boyles?

       [BATTISHILL]: Judge, we actually have witness []

       [TRIAL COURT]: That’s fine and dandy. []

(Sent. Tr. p. 7).

       While the record reflects that Battishill’s counsel was afforded an opportunity to

make a statement before the sentencing, Battishill himself was not given an opportunity

to make a statement. However, he waived this right when he failed to pose an objection

during sentencing. In Robles v. State, 705 N.E.2d 183, 187 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998), this

court noted that a person cannot sit idly by, permit the trial court to make an error, and

attempt to take advantage of the error at a later time. We find no error here and confirm

the trial court’s sentence.

                                      CONCLUSION

       Based on the foregoing, we conclude that: (1) the State presented sufficient

evidence to sustain Battishill’s conviction for intimidation; (2) the trial court properly

excluded Battishill’s YouTube video as evidence; (3) the trial court properly imposed a

mandatory minimum sentence for his intimidation offense; and (4) the trial court did not

abuse its discretion during Batttishill’s sentencing.
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      Affirmed.

KIRSCH, J. and VAIDIK, J. concur

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