Court Opinion

ID: 7797304
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-03 06:11:43.722019+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:28:35.706087
License: Public Domain

Affirmed as Modified and Opinion Filed July 26, 2022

                                    S  In The
                            Court of Appeals
                     Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                               No. 05-20-00116-CR

                   MOISES ISMAEL VASQUEZ, Appellant
                                 V.
                     THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

               On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. 5
                            Dallas County, Texas
                    Trial Court Cause No. F-1847148-L

                         MEMORANDUM OPINION
             Before Justices Myers, Partida-Kipness, and Pedersen, III
                        Opinion by Justice Partida-Kipness
      We deny the State’s motion for rehearing and, on our own motion, withdraw

our opinion dated June 27, 2022, and vacate the judgment of that date. This is now

the opinion of the Court.

      Appellant Moises Ismael Vasquez appeals his conviction for aggravated

sexual assault of one of his step-granddaughters. In a single issue, Vasquez contends

the trial court lost jurisdiction when it quashed the indictment and, as a result, all

subsequent proceedings and the conviction are void. In five cross-points, the State

asks this Court to modify the judgment to correct five errors. For the following

reasons, we overrule Vasquez’s sole appellate issue, sustain three of the State’s
cross-points, overrule two of the State’s cross-points, and affirm the judgment as

modified.

                                BACKGROUND

      Vasquez was indicted for continuous sexual abuse of a child based on

allegations that he committed sexual acts against his two step-granddaughters, J.Z.

and B.Z. After being reset twice, trial was set to begin on November 12, 2019. Due

to an insufficient number of available venire persons, however, the trial court

continued the case to November 18, 2019. Between November 12 and November

18, the State discovered a grammatical error in the indictment. Although both of the

step-granddaughters were identified as “complainants,” the portion of the indictment

that specified Vasquez’s sexual acts used the singular terms “complainant’s” and

“complainant”:

      That MOISES ISMAEL VASQUEZ, hereinafter called Defendant, on
      or about the 1st day of October, 2013 in the County of Dallas, State of
      Texas, did then and there intentionally and knowingly, during a period
      that was 30 or more days in duration, when the defendant was 17 years
      of age or older, commit two or more acts of sexual abuse against J.Z.
      and B.Z., children younger than 14 years of age, hereinafter called
      complainants, namely by: the penetration of the complainant’s female
      sexual organ by the Defendant’s finger AND by the contact between
      the hand of the Defendant and the genitals of the complainant with the
      intent to arouse and gratify the sexual desire of the Defendant

(emphasis added). The State filed a motion to amend the indictment seeking to

change the singular terms “complainant’s” and “complainant” to the plural

“complainants’ ” and “complainants.”

                                        –2–
      The trial court heard the motion to amend on November 18, 2019, before voir

dire began. Vasquez’s counsel told the court that Vasquez would not agree to waive

the statutory ten-day period if the court allowed the amendment. In response, the

State said it would just proceed on the original indictment “if the court is insistent”

on giving Vasquez a ten-day continuance. The trial judge verbally denied the motion

to amend. Vasquez’s counsel then made an oral motion to quash the indictment,

arguing that the grammatical error and change from plural to singular made the

indictment unintelligible. He maintained that the indictment as written failed to

notify Vasquez whether “he has to defend against singular or plural violations” and

left Vasquez not knowing if he has “to defend against a singular, maybe two actions

against one complainant to multiple actions against both complainants.” The State

argued that the law did not require the indictment “to specify which act goes to which

child.” After a recess to consider the motion to quash, the trial court stated:

      The Motion to Amend that you filed is absolutely correct. It needs to
      read complainants [sic] and complainants and it doesn’t. It’s not really
      –- I understand what these cases say, but that’s not really the question
      that I’ve got or the concern that I had.

      And so I think where we are is I’m going to –- I will grant the Motion
      to Quash. I will allow you all to amend and we’ll give him his ten days.
      That way it’s clear. I mean, this is a twenty-five to life case. I don’t
      want this messed up. That’s the easiest way to do it.

In response to the judge’s statements, the prosecutor stated that, in light of the

judge’s view, the State would prefer to abandon portions of the indictment:

      Your Honor, if that’s the case the State’s gonna be willing to abandon
      some of the language of the indictment and go on an Aggravated Sexual
                                          –3–
      Assault of a child, identifying complainant J.Z. as the one. An
      abandonment is not a –- The Defense has had sufficient notice.
      Obviously there’s no limits required at that point. The State can
      abandon any time.

The judge responded, “Okay. Let’s be clear on the record. What is it that you’re

abandoning?” The prosecutor then set out the exact language of the indictment the

State was abandoning, and explained that the remaining indictment would read as

follows:

      That Moises Ismael Vasquez, hereinafter called Defendant, on or about
      the 1st day of October, 2013, in the County of Dallas, State of Texas,
      did then and there intentionally and knowingly commit sexual abuse
      against J.Z., a child younger than fourteen years of age, hereinafter
      called complainant, namely by the penetration of the complaint’s [sic]
      female sexual organ by the Defendant’s finger.

Vasquez’s counsel initially argued that this change still presents a notice problem;

namely, that Vasquez had no notice that he would be defending against an

aggravated sexual abuse claim as to only one child. But after discussing the issue

with Vasquez, defense counsel told the court that Vasquez “agreed to go to trial on

the first degree Aggravated Sexual Assault of a child.” The judge responded “All

right. Now we know where we are. Now, where are we on a jury,” and the hearing

ended.

      That afternoon, the State arraigned Vasquez on the reduced charge of

aggravated sexual assault of J.Z., and Vasquez pleaded not guilty. Voir dire began,

a jury was picked, and the case proceeded to trial. The jury found Vasquez guilty of

aggravated sexual assault of a child as charged in the indictment as revised in

                                        –4–
pretrial. Vasquez elected to have the trial court assess punishment. The trial court

sentenced Vasquez to twenty-five years’ imprisonment. Vasquez’s motion for new

trial was overruled by operation of law, and this appeal followed.

                            STANDARD OF REVIEW

      In his sole issue on appeal, Vasquez contends the trial court lost jurisdiction

when it quashed the indictment and therefore all subsequent proceedings and the

conviction are void. Because this is a question of law, we conduct a de novo review.

Smith v. State, 309 S.W.3d 10, 13-14 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (de novo review of

trial court’s decision to permit amendment to the indictment); Conservation Comm’n

v. IT-Davy, 74 S.W.3d 849, 855 (Tex. 2002) (“Whether a trial court has subject-

matter jurisdiction is a question of law subject to de novo review.”); Chabot v. Estate

of Sullivan, 583 S.W.3d 757, 760 (Tex. App.—Austin 2019, pet. denied) (whether a

court’s order is void for want of jurisdiction is a question of law reviewed de novo).

                               APPLICABLE LAW

      The Texas Constitution requires that the accused be charged by indictment for

felony offenses. TEX. CONST. art. I, § 10; see also Riney, 28 S.W.3d at 564. The

presentment of a valid indictment vests the district court with jurisdiction of the

cause. TEX. CONST. art. V, § 12(b); Studer v. State, 799 S.W.2d 263, 268 (Tex. Crim.

App. 1990); Garcia, 596 S.W.2d at 527. To that end, trial courts do not have an

inherent authority to dismiss a charging instrument without the consent of the State.

State v. Harbor, 425 S.W.3d 508, 512 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, no

                                         –5–
pet.) (citing State v. Mungia, 119 S.W.3d 814, 816 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003)). Any

authority to dismiss a charging instrument without the consent of the State must

derive from a statute, the common law, or the state or federal constitutions. Harbor,

425 S.W.3d at 512.

      The requisites of a valid indictment are also controlled by statute. See TEX.

CONST. art. V, § 12(b)(“The practice and procedures relating to the use of

indictments and informations, including their contents, amendment, sufficiency, and

requisites, are as provided by law.”); Studer, 799 S.W.2d at 272 (“[R]equirements

of an indictment are not mandated by the constitution, but rather only by statute.”).

Article 21.02 of the code of criminal procedure sets out nine requirements for an

indictment to be deemed sufficient, including that “[t]he offense must be set forth in

plain and intelligible words.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 21.02(7).

      The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure authorizes a defendant to file three

pleadings to challenge the indictment: (1) a motion to set aside the indictment; TEX.

CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 27.03; (2) an exception to the indictment’s form; TEX. CODE

CRIM. PROC. art. 27.09; and (3) an exception to the indictment’s substance; TEX.

CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 27.08. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 27.02(1) (including

“A motion to set aside or an exception to an indictment or information for some

matter of form or substance” in the list of pleadings and motions a defendant may

file). Although each of these pleadings have different grounds and different

remedies, orders sustaining these pleadings are “in practice referred to as dismissing

                                         –6–
or ‘quashing’ the charging instrument even though that action is not explicitly

authorized in those terms by the Code.” George E. Dix & John M. Schmolesky, 43

TEX. PRAC. SERIES: CRIMINAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE § 37:2 (3d ed.); see TEX.

CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 28.05 (titled “Quashing indictment in felony” and addressing

only a motion to set aside an indictment and an exception to the indictment); State

v. Salinas, 982 S.W.2d 9, 11, n.1 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, pet. ref’d)

(“The Code of Criminal Procedure uses the terminology ‘motion to set aside’ rather

than ‘motion to quash’ and ‘motion to dismiss,’ even though these designations are

common in practice.”).

      Every order “quashing” an indictment, however, does not leave the trial court

without jurisdiction over the defendant. Compare TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 28.05

(titled “Quashing indictment in felony,” and clarifying that “If the motion to set aside

or the exception to the indictment” is sustained, the defendant “shall not be

discharged.”); with TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 28.061 (“If a motion to set aside an

indictment, information, or complaint for failure to provide a speedy trial is

sustained, the court shall discharge the defendant.”). It is the substance of the

pleading and the applicable statutory penalty that control whether a case is dismissed

for jurisdictional purposes, not whether a party used the term “quash” in requesting

relief. State v. Young, 810 S.W.2d 221, 223 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991) (“[t]he mere

label attached either to the defendant's motion or to the trial court's order ruling on

                                          –7–
same cannot determine its appealability.”) (quoting State v. Moreno, 807 S.W.2d

327, 332 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991)).

         For example, a defendant may move to set aside an indictment if there were

improprieties in the grand jury process or “any other grounds authorized by law,”

such as the State’s failure to provide a speedy trial. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. arts.

27.03; 28.061. If such a motion is sustained, the trial court must discharge the

accused, and the State must either appeal the ruling or re-indict the defendant. See

Ray v. State, 561 S.W.2d 480, 481 (Tex. Crim. App. 1977) (“It is well settled that

when the evidence shows that unauthorized persons were present during the

deliberations of the grand jury the indictment must be invalidated and a new trial

ordered.”); see also TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 28.061 (“If a motion to set aside an

indictment, information, or complaint for failure to provide a speedy trial is

sustained, the court shall discharge the defendant.”); TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art.

44.01(a)(1) (the State may appeal an order of a court in a criminal case if the order

dismisses all or part of an indictment).

         But that is not the case when the exception is to the form of the indictment.

The Code permits the following exceptions to the form of an indictment:

         1. That it does not appear to have been presented in the proper court as
         required by law;

         2. The want of any requisite prescribed by Articles 21.02 and 21.21.1

   1
       Article 21.21 sets out the requisites of an information and is not applicable here.

                                                     –8–
      3. That it was not returned by a lawfully chosen or empaneled grand
      jury.

TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 27.09. A claim that the indictment uses unintelligible

language is an exception to form because the use of “plain and intelligible words” is

a statutory requisite of an indictment. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. arts. 21.02, 27.09;

Am. Plant Food Corp. v. State, 508 S.W.2d 598, 602 (Tex. Crim. App. 1974).

Likewise, a claim that the indictment charges an offense but fails to provide adequate

notice is an exception to form. Janecka v. State, 739 S.W.2d 813, 817–20 & n.4

(Tex. Crim. App. 1987).”

      When an exception to the form of an indictment is sustained, the “indictment

may be amended if permitted by Article 28.10 of this code, and the cause may

proceed upon the amended indictment or information.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art.

28.09. Article 28.10 provides:

      (a) After notice to the defendant, a matter of form or substance in an
      indictment or information may be amended at any time before the date
      the trial on the merits commences. On the request of the defendant, the
      court shall allow the defendant not less than 10 days, or a shorter period
      if requested by the defendant, to respond to the amended indictment or
      information.

      (b) A matter of form or substance in an indictment or information may
      also be amended after the trial on the merits commences if the
      defendant does not object.

      (c) An indictment or information may not be amended over the
      defendant’s objection as to form or substance if the amended indictment
      or information charges the defendant with an additional or different
      offense or if the substantial rights of the defendant are prejudiced.

TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ART. 28.10.

                                         –9–
                                    ANALYSIS

      This case turns on how we characterize the trial court’s pretrial actions

regarding the indictment. Vasquez contends the trial court set aside the indictment

by granting his motion to quash and, as a result, had no jurisdiction to put him to

trial and convict him. See Garcia v. Dial, 596 S.W.2d 524, 528 (Tex. Crim. App.

1980) (trial court loses jurisdiction over the accused when it sustains a motion to

dismiss the indictment). The State, in contrast, maintains the trial court merely

sustained Vasquez’s exception to the form of the indictment and properly permitted

the State to abandon parts of that indictment and proceed to trial. See TEX. CODE

CRIM. PROC. art. 28.10; see also Eastep v. State, 941 S.W.2d 130, 134 (Tex. Crim.

App. 1997), overruled on other grounds, Riney v. State, 28 S.W.3d 561 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2000) and Gollihar v. State, 46 S.W.3d 243 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001) (altering

the indictment to reduce the prosecution to a lesser included offense is an

abandonment, not an amendment). We agree with the State.

I.    Trial court’s continuing jurisdiction

      Vasquez maintains that the trial court’s jurisdiction ended when it granted his

motion to quash. We disagree. Vasquez moved to quash the indictment based solely

on his contention that the indictment was unintelligible. This allegation constituted

an assertion that the indictment failed to comply with article 21.02(7), which

provides that “[t]he offense must be set forth in plain and intelligible words.” TEX.

CODE CRIM. PROC. art 21.02(7). Vasquez’s exception was, therefore, to the form of

                                       –10–
the indictment. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 27.09(2). As such, when the trial court

granted Vasquez’s motion, it was sustaining an exception to the form of the

indictment. Id. By doing so, the Code expressly provided the State with the

opportunity to amend the indictment. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 28.09; Studer, 799

S.W.2d at 271.

      The Code did not, however, allow the trial court to discharge Vasquez. On the

contrary, article 28.09’s directive that trial may proceed on an amended indictment

following an order sustaining an exception to its form necessarily means that the trial

court does not automatically lose jurisdiction by sustaining an exception to the form

of the indictment. Indeed, this conclusion is consistent with the basic tenet of Texas

law that a trial court does not have an inherent authority to dismiss a charging

instrument without the consent of the State. See Harbor, 425 S.W.3d at 512.

      Moreover, the trial court did not discharge Vasquez or dismiss the indictment,

either verbally or in writing. During the pretrial hearing, the trial court stated “And

so I think where we are is I’m going to –- I will grant the Motion to Quash. I will

allow you all to amend and we’ll give him his ten days. That way it’s clear.” This

statement and description of the court’s proposed remedy suggests the trial court did

not intend to dismiss the prosecution. Indeed, immediately following this oral ruling,

the trial court accepted the State’s decision to abandon portions of the indictment

and then proceeded to trial on the lesser-included offense. We conclude the trial

court did not discharge Vasquez or lose its jurisdiction over him. This is consistent

                                        –11–
with notations written on the trial court’s docket sheet showing the following orders

and actions of the court on November 18, 2019: “Ruling on motions, state abandons

all by 1 count on 1 victim – voir dire – jury selected and recessed.”

        Vasquez also relies on a handwritten motion and handwritten order to support

his contention that the trial court ordered him discharged when it granted his motion

to quash. The clerk’s record includes a handwritten document captioned “Motion to

Quash.”2 In the motion, Vasquez asks the court “to set aside and quash the

indictment” because “[t]he wording in this indictment fails to allege in clear and

intelligible language the allegations against Defendant Vasquez. The wording is

confusing as to the sexual acts and/or person to which they refer.” The handwritten

order states simply that the court heard Vasquez’s “Motion to Quash indictment and

it appears to the Court that this motion should be granted.” To the extent this motion

and order were filed of record with proper notice to the State, our analysis remains

the same as our analysis of the verbal ruling. The written motion, like the verbal

motion, presents an exception to the form of the indictment. See TEX. CODE CRIM.

PROC. arts. 27.09(2), 28.09; Studer, 799 S.W.2d at 271. Like the trial court’s

    2
       The handwritten motion and the accompanying handwritten (and signed) order are barely legible, not
file-stamped, and do not include a certificate of service showing service on the State. In the upper right
corner of the motion, someone wrote “Bench filed 10/18/19 at 10:53AM.” The motion is, thus, dated a
month before trial. There are no statements in the pretrial transcript indicating that Vasquez offered a
handwritten motion to the trial court during the hearing or that the trial court bench-filed any motion or
signed an order related to the motion to quash. The lack of discussion of the motion combined with a “bench
filed” date a month before trial, leaves the Court with doubt regarding the veracity of these documents.
Nonetheless, for purposes of our analysis, we will assume without deciding that the handwritten motion
and order were timely and properly presented to the trial court and the order was signed by the trial judge.
                                                  –12–
statements on the record, the written order does nothing more than sustain Vasquez’s

exception to the form of the indictment. Neither the verbal ruling nor the written

order include any language discharging Vasquez or dismissing the indictment.

      For these reasons, we reject Vasquez’s contention that the order or orders

granting his motion to quash discharged him and left the court with no jurisdiction

over him.

II.   Abandonment rather than amendment

      Vasquez also takes issue with the State’s decision to abandon the primary

offense in favor of the lesser included offense rather than amending the indictment.

We conclude, however, that abandoning the defective language was a proper

response to the sustained exception.

      Article 28.09 does not mandate amendment as the exclusive means of curing

a “quashed” indictment. Rather, article 28.09 permits the State to amend the

indictment. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 28.09 (“If the exception to an indictment or

information is sustained, the information or indictment may be amended if permitted

by Article 28.10 of this code, and the cause may proceed upon the amended

indictment or information.”) (emphasis added). Moreover, the State may “opt to

abandon some counts before they are submitted to the jury for consideration.” Ex

parte Chapa, No. 03-18-00104-CR, 2018 WL 3999741, at *10 (Tex. App.—Austin

Aug. 22, 2018, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication). For example,

when a statute provides two means for the commission of an offense and the State

                                       –13–
alleges those means conjunctively, the State may abandon any one of the alleged

means. Eastep v. State, 941 S.W.2d 130, 133 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). The State is

not required to take affirmative action or obtain permission from the trial court to

abandon such language. Saxon v. State, 430 S.W.3d 555, 558–59 (Tex. App.—

Dallas 2014, no pet.). Further, when the State abandons such an allegation, the

provisions of article 28.10(a) are not implicated. Williams v. State, 946 S.W.2d 886,

901 (Tex. App.—Waco 1997, no pet.) (when the State abandons one of the means

for the commission of an offense, the accused is not entitled to article 28.10(a)’s ten-

day response time because “the provisions of article 28.10(a) are not implicated”)

(citing Eastep, 941 S.W.2d at 135).

      This is what occurred here. To avoid an additional ten-day delay, the State

chose to abandon certain allegations rather than amend the indictment. The State

abandoned all allegations of abuse of B.Z., and the allegations of indecency by

contact and continuous acts of abuse against J.Z. What remained was an indictment

charging Vasquez with the lesser-included offense of aggravated sexual assault of

J.Z. We conclude the State’s decision to abandon portions of the indictment and

charge Vasquez with the lesser-included offense was proper under Texas law. See

Eastep, 941 S.W.2d at 133; Saxon, 430 S.W.3d at 558–59. Accordingly, the trial

court did not err by permitting the State’s actions and proceeding to trial on the

remaining indictment. We overrule Vasquez’s sole appellate issue.

                                         –14–
                            STATE’S CROSS-POINTS

      The State asserts five cross-points in which the State requests modification of

the judgment to correct clerical errors in the trial court’s judgment. The State

requests we modify the judgment to: (1) reflect the correct offense for which

Vasquez was convicted, (2) state that Vasquez entered a plea of not guilty, (3) show

that the age of the victim was eleven, (4) include the special finding that the victim

was less than fourteen years old, and (5) remove the Article 42.017 special finding

because Vasquez is not a young offender within four years of the victim’s age.

      We have the power to modify a judgment to speak the truth when we have the

necessary information to do so. TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v. State, 865 S.W.2d

26, 27–28 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993); Asberry v. State, 813 S.W.2d 526, 529 (Tex.

App.—Dallas 1991, pet. ref’d) (en banc). The record supports some of the requested

modifications and we, therefore, agree with the State that the judgment needs to be

modified in part.

      First, the record shows Vasquez was convicted of “Aggravated Sexual Assault

of a Child” under section 22.021 of the Texas Penal Code. The original judgment,

however, reflects that he was convicted of continuous sexual abuse of a young child

under section 21.02 of the penal code. The original judgment, therefore, required

modification to reflect the correct offense for which Vasquez was convicted and the

correct statute for the offense. On January 13, 2020, the trial court signed a nunc pro

tunc order amending the judgment to read that Vasquez was convicted of the offense

                                        –15–
of “Aggravated Sexual Assault of Child” under section 22.021(a)(2)(B) of the penal

code. Accordingly, we overrule the State’s first cross-point as moot.

      Next, the State asks us to modify the judgment to reflect that Vasquez pleaded

not guilty. The record confirms that Vasquez entered a plea of not guilty. The

judgment, however, reflects a guilty plea. The judgment should be modified to

reflect the truth. We, therefore, modify the “Plea to Offense” field of the trial court's

judgment by replacing “GUILTY” with “NOT GUILTY.” We sustain the State’s

second cross-point.

      The State also asks us to modify the sex offender registration information in

the judgment to show that the victim was eleven years old at the time of the offense.

Article 42.01 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure provides that a judgment for

conviction of an offense requiring the defendant to register as a sex offender under

Chapter 62 must include “a statement of the age of the victim of the offense.” TEX.

CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 42.01, § 1(27). Aggravated sexual assault is a registrable

offense, so the judgment convicting Vasquez of that offense must reflect the age of

the victim. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 62.001(5)(A). Here, the judgment shows that

the sex offender registration requirements apply and states “The age of the victim at

the time of the offense was <14 years.” The State asks this Court to replace “<14

years” with “11.” The record, however, does not support the request.

      The record shows the victim was born August 6, 2002. She testified that she

was ten or eleven years old at the time of the offense. The indictment alleged the

                                         –16–
offense occurred on or about October 1, 2013. The State argues the victim was

eleven years old on October 1, 2013 and, as such, her age at the time of the offense

was eleven. The indictment date, however, is not evidence of the date of the offense.

See In re Rawls, No. 01-00-01164-CV, 2001 WL 26138, at *1 (Tex. App.—Houston

[1st Dist.] Jan. 11, 2001, no pet.). It is well-settled the “on or about” language of an

indictment allows the State to prove a date other than the one alleged in the

indictment as long as the date is anterior to the presentment of the indictment and

within the statutory limitation period. Sledge v. State, 953 S.W.2d 253, 256 (Tex.

Crim. App. 1997). The victim’s testimony that she was ten or eleven years old places

the offense date between August 6, 2012, and August 5, 2014. Without conclusive

proof of the actual date of the offense, we cannot determine the victim’s exact age

at the time of the offense. We, therefore, conclude that the record cannot support the

State’s requested modification. Moreover, we conclude no modification is necessary

because the statement that the victim’s age at the time of the offense was “< 14

years” constitutes “a statement of the age of the victim of the offense” as required

by article 42.01. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 42.01, § 1(27). We overrule the State’s

third cross-point.

      Similarly, the State asks us to modify the judgment to include a special finding

that the victim was less than fourteen years old. Aggravated sexual assault is

considered a “sexually violent offense” when, as here, it is committed by a person

seventeen years of age or older. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 62.001(6)(a). As such,

                                         –17–
the trial court was required to “make an affirmative finding of fact and enter the

affirmative finding in the judgment in the case if the judge determines that the victim

or intended victim was younger than 14 years of age at the time of the offense.” TEX.

CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 42.015(b). The trial court found that the victim was under the

age of fourteen at the time of the offense. The judgment, however, does not include

that affirmative finding. We, therefore, modify the judgment to include the following

special finding: “The Court affirmatively finds that the victim or intended victim

was younger than fourteen years of age at the time of the offense.” We sustain the

State’s fourth cross-point.

      Finally, the State asks us to delete the trial court’s article 42.017 special

finding because Vasquez is not a young offender within four years of the victim’s

age. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. Art. 42.017 (requiring affirmative finding in the

judgment for certain age-based offenses under sections 21.11 or 22.011 of the penal

code where the victim is at least fifteen years old and the defendant is no more than

four years older). The judgment includes the following special finding concerning

the ages of Vasquez and the victim:

      The Court finds that at the time of the offense, Defendant was younger
      than nineteen (19) years of age and the victim was at least thirteen (13)
      years of age. The Court finds that the conviction is based solely on the
      ages of Defendant and the victim or intended victim at the time of the
      offense. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 42.017.

Vasquez was convicted of aggravated sexual assault of a child younger than

fourteen. Article 42.017 does not apply to that conviction. Indeed, Vasquez was

                                        –18–
older than nineteen and the victim was younger than thirteen when the offense

occurred. The special finding should not have been included in this judgment. We,

therefore, delete the special finding from the judgment, and sustain the State’s final

cross-point.

                                  CONCLUSION

      We overrule Vasquez’s sole appellate issue and sustain three of the State’s

cross-points. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment as modified.

                                           /Robbie Partida-Kipness/
                                           ROBBIE PARTIDA-KIPNESS
                                           JUSTICE
Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)
200116F.U05

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                                    S
                            Court of Appeals
                     Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                   JUDGMENT

MOISES ISMAEL VASQUEZ,                         On Appeal from the Criminal District
Appellant                                      Court No. 5, Dallas County, Texas
                                               Trial Court Cause No. F-1847148-L.
No. 05-20-00116-CR           V.                Opinion delivered by Justice Partida-
                                               Kipness. Justices Myers and
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee                   Pedersen, III participating.

   Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
MODIFIED as follows:

      The “Plea to Offense” field is modified to replace “GUILTY” with
      “NOT GUILTY.”

      The following special finding is inserted into the judgment: “The Court
      affirmatively finds that the victim or intended victim was younger than
      fourteen years of age at the time of the offense.”

      The trial court’s article 42.017 special finding is deleted.

As MODIFIED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.

Judgment entered this 26th day of July 2022.

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