Court Opinion

ID: 3083762
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 02:23:13.458536+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:50:03.939484
License: Public Domain

Opinion issued January 27, 2015

                                     In The

                             Court of Appeals
                                    For The

                         First District of Texas
                            ————————————
                             NO. 01-14-00281-CV
                           ———————————
     FORREST LAKE TOWNHOUSE ASSOCIATION, INC., Appellant
                                       V.
                        BILLY B. MARTIN, Appellee

                   On Appeal from the 157th District Court
                            Harris County, Texas
                      Trial Court Case No. 2012-72008

                         MEMORANDUM OPINION

      This is a dispute between a homeowner and his neighborhood homeowners’

association. In three issues, Forrest Lake Townhouse Association appeals summary

judgment on its lawsuit for damages and injunctive relief against homeowner Billy
Martin for flying the American flag in violation of the HOA’s guidelines. We

affirm.

                                     Background

        Martin owns a townhome in Forrest Lake Townhomes, a residential

development. Martin’s home has a recessed front porch. A small front yard, which

is part of the common property of the development, separates the porch from the

road.

        Martin flies the American flag on a flagpole in front of his house. Martin has

attached the flagpole to a beam that extends a few inches beyond the porch into the

front yard. He has anchored the other end of the beam to his porch by placing it

under a wooden bench, which is weighted down with cinder block. Neither the

beam nor the flagpole touches the ground in front of the porch.

        The HOA filed this lawsuit to enjoin Martin from displaying the flag in this

manner. Martin moved for traditional and no-evidence summary judgment; the trial

court granted Martin’s motion without specifying the grounds upon which it

granted summary judgment. The HOA timely appealed.

                                Summary Judgment

        In three issues, the HOA contends that the trial court erred when it granted

Martin’s motion for summary judgment.

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A.    Standard of review

      We review a trial court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Mann

Frankfort Stein & Lipp Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding, 289 S.W.3d 844, 848 (Tex.

2009). Traditional summary judgment is proper if, having viewed all of the

evidence in the light most favorable to the non-movant, there are no genuine issues

of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX. R.

CIV. P. 166a(c); Amedisys, Inc. v. Kingwood Home Health Care, LLC, 437 S.W.3d
507, 511 (Tex. 2014). To prevail on a motion for traditional summary judgment, a

defendant-movant must conclusively negate at least one element of each of the

plaintiff’s causes of action or establish each element of an affirmative defense. Sci.

Spectrum, Inc. v. Martinez, 941 S.W.2d 910, 911 (Tex. 1997). In reviewing a no-

evidence summary judgment, we determine whether the non-movant produced

more than a scintilla of probative evidence to raise a genuine issue of material fact

for each challenged element. Smith v. O’Donnell, 288 S.W.3d 417, 424 (Tex.

2009); see TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i).

B.    The Freedom to Display the Flag Act

      Martin contends that the HOA may not prevent him from displaying his flag

under the federal Freedom to Display the American Flag Act, as well as the Texas

state law. See Freedom to Display the American Flag Act of 2005, Pub. L. No.

                                          3
109-243, 120 stat. 572 (2005); 4 U.S.C.A. § 5 note; TEX. PROP. CODE ANN. §

202.012. The Flag Act says:

      A condominium association, cooperative association, or residential
      real estate management association may not adopt or enforce any
      policy, or enter into any agreement, that would restrict or prevent a
      member of the association from displaying the flag of the United
      States on residential property within the association with respect to
      which such member has a separate ownership interest or a right to
      exclusive possession or use.

4 U.S.C.A. § 5 note § 3. According to Martin, the HOA is prohibited from

restricting his display of the flag because: (1) the HOA qualifies as a

“condominium association,” “cooperative association,” or “residential real estate

management association” as those terms are defined by the Act; (2) Martin is a

“member” of the HOA, as that term is defined by the Act; and (3) he displays his

flag on residential property for which he “has a separate ownership interest or a

right to exclusive possession or use.” See id. He concedes that the Flag Act allows

the HOA to place “reasonable restriction[s]” on displaying the American flag

“necessary to protect a substantial interest of the [HOA].” Id. § 5 note § 4.

      Martin flies the flag of the United States from a flagpole suspended above

his front yard (the HOA’s property). The flagpole is attached to a beam anchored

(but not affixed) to his front porch (Martin’s private property). At oral argument,

the HOA contended that this display does not meet the “separate ownership

interest or a right to exclusive possession or use” requirement. It also argued that

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the flagpole was a safety hazard, and thus the HOA was acting to protect the safety

of its residents.

C.     Martin’s summary-judgment motion

       We need not decide whether the Flag Act bars the HOA from enforcing its

guideline regarding flag display because the HOA failed to challenge summary

judgment under the Flag Act in its response to Martin’s motion and in its brief.

“When the trial court does not specify the basis for its summary judgment, the

appealing party must show it is error to base it on any ground asserted in the

motion.” Star–Telegram, Inc. v. Doe, 915 S.W.2d 471, 473 (Tex. 1995). “If

summary judgment may have been rendered, properly or improperly, on a ground

not challenged, the judgment must be affirmed.” Ellis v. Precision Engine

Rebuilders, Inc., 68 S.W.3d 894, 898 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no

pet.); accord Miner Dederick Const., LLP v. Gulf Chem. & Metallurgical Corp.,

403 S.W.3d 451, 463 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied).

       Martin’s motion discusses the Flag Act at the beginning of the “argument

and analysis” section. The motion asserts:

       Both federal and state law in Texas take a dim view of efforts to
       restrict the display of the flag of the United States. In 2005, the United
       States Congress enacted the Freedom to Fly the American Flag Act,
       Public Law 109-243, 120 Stat. 572, (the “Act”). The Act was signed
       into law by the signature of former President George W. Bush. In
       relevant part, the Act reads:

                                           5
              A condominium association, cooperative association, or
              residential real estate management association may not
              adopt or enforce any policy, or enter into any agreement,
              that would restrict or prevent a member of the association
              from displaying the flag of the United States on
              residential property within the association with respect to
              which such member has a separate ownership interest or
              a right to exclusive possession or use.

      As stated in the preamble to the Act, the intent of the Act is “To
      ensure that the right of an individual to display the flag of the United
      States of America on residential property not be abridged.” ld. It is
      undisputed in this case that the Defendant’s front porch is residential
      property in which he has a separate ownership interest or a right to
      exclusive possession or use.
      The Plaintiff’s efforts in this lawsuit also violate TEX. PROP. CODE
      § 202.011 . . . .
(Emphasis supplied).

      The portion of the motion quoted above can be fairly read to constitute an

entirely self-contained legal argument for summary judgment against the HOA’s

attempt to enforce deed restrictions by forcing Martin to remove his American flag.

The intent to include the federal law as one specific ground is also indicated by the

transition sentence stating that the HOA’s petition “also” violated state law.

Moreover, the motion ends with a “conclusion and prayer” that argues “the display

of our national flag is understandably given great deference by both federal and

state law.”

      Therefore, we conclude that the motion sufficiently raises the Flag Act as a

possible ground for summary judgment. The trial court did not specify on which

                                          6
grounds it granted summary judgment. Because the HOA failed to challenge this

possible ground for granting summary judgment, we must affirm the judgment. We

therefore overrule the HOA’s three issues.

                                   Conclusion

      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                             Harvey Brown
                                             Justice

Panel consists of Justices Massengale, Brown, and Huddle.

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