Court Opinion

ID: 9964823
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-30 21:06:53.44248+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:25:43.897548
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA

                             COURT OF APPEAL

                                FIRST CIRCUIT

                                 2023 CA 0911

                            TIBBERLY RICHARD

                                   VERSUS

                            BONNIE WILLIAMS

                                          Judgment Rendered:       APR 3 o 2024

                 On Appeal from the 19th Judicial District Court
                    In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge
                               State of Louisiana
                  Trial Court Docket Number C657902, Sec. 24

                 Honorable Donald R. Johnson, Judge Presiding

Burgundy C. Hammond                        Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellant,
Port Allen, Louisiana                      Tibberly Richard
      and

Elizabeth A. B. Goree
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Bonnie Williams, Pro Se                    Counsel for Defendant/ Appellee,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana                     Bonnie Williams

            BEFORE: THERIOT, PENZATO, AND GREENE, JJ.
PENZATO, J.

        Plaintiff, Tibberly Richard, appeals from the trial court' s December 29, 2022

judgment denying her motion to annul a purportedly absolutely null order. In that

motion, plaintiff sought to annul the trial court' s June 18, 2022 order, which granted

a motion to dismiss with prejudice filed by defendant, Bonnie Williams.               For the

following reasons, we reverse the December 29, 2022 judgment, grant the plaintiff' s

motion to annul, and vacate the June 18, 2022 order granting the defendant' s motion

to dismiss. This matter is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings.

                      FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        Tibberly Richard and Bonnie Williams allegedly entered an oral agreement

wherein Bonnie agreed to sell immovable property to Tibberly for the sum of

 60,000. Tibberly maintains she paid all but $9,300 of the purchase price to Bonnie,

and the sale was never completed.        Instead, Bonnie purportedly agreed to sell the

property to someone else. In May 2017, Tibberly, through counsel, filed a petition

for specific performance of the agreement to sell real estate, seeking a judgment

ordering Bonnie to complete the agreement to sell or, in the alternative, to return all

money paid to Bonnie, with interest. Bonnie, who appeared pro se throughout this

proceeding,   filed an answer to the petition in June 2017 generally denying the

allegations in Tibberly' s petition and urging that Tibberly breached the contract

between the parties.

        The record contains minimal filings over the next five years.'        In April 2022,

Bonnie filed a motion to dismiss with prejudice, urging Tibberly' s suit should be

dismissed due to, among other reasons, the "[ fJailure of legal counsel and Plaintiff

not being present at court appearances." Bonnie also asserted various defenses to

the merits of Tibberly' s suit.   An " X" appears over the text of the order filed with

 Tibberly filed a motion for summaryjudgment in April 2021, which was set for hearing in August
2021. For reasons not apparent from the record, it appears this hearing did not take place.

                                              2
Bonnie' s motion,2 and it appears typed language was added, ordering Tibberly to

appear and show cause on June 6, 2021 at 10: 00 am why Bonnie' s motion to dismiss

should not be granted.        The order was signed on May 6, 2022, making it evident the

hearing date was June 6, 2022, not June 6, 2021 as indicated on the order. The order

stated, " Please       Serve: Bonnie Williams."       There was no certificate of service, and

no request for service on Tibberly or her counsel of record.

         The transcript from the hearing on Bonnie' s motion to dismiss is not included

in the record. The minutes reflect the contradictory hearing on Bonnie' s motion was

held on June 6, 2022 via teleconference.           Bonnie was present, but Tibberly did not

make an appearance.         According to the minutes, the trial court granted the motion to

dismiss, and instructed Bonnie to prepare and submit a judgment to the court for

signature.

         On June 18, 2022, the trial court signed an order ruling on Bonnie' s motion

to dismiss, which stated, " Considering the             failure of plaintiff to [ participate] in

requested conferences and after plaintiff has been given opportunities to argue the

merits    of their [ sic]    case.    This matter is dismissed at plaintiff' s cost,           with

              3
prejudice."          The order also bears Bonnie' s signature but was not signed by

Tibberly.'

         Tibberly, appearing through new counsel, filed the subject " EXPEDITED

MOTION            TO    ANNUL        JUDGMENT         OF      DISMISSAL,      EXCEPTION          OF

2 The original text of the order granted the motion for dismissal with prejudice, among other things.
3 Bonnie refiled her motion to dismiss with an accompanying order on June 7, 2022.          The trial
court' s ruling on the motion to dismiss is memorialized in the order submitted with Bonnie' s
second motion to dismiss, which is identical to the first. Again, an " X" appears over the original
text of the order.

a On June 3, 2022, Tibberly, appearing pro se, fax filed a motion to continue the hearing on
Bonnie' s motion to dismiss. Tibberly asserted she was not served in accordance with the Louisiana
Code of Civil Procedure. Tibberly' s motion to continue was denied by an order signed on June 21,
2022, with an instruction to refer to the minutes of court.

                                                  3
INSUFFICIENT SERVICE &                   OTHER RELIEF"            in September 2022. 5          In the

motion, Tibberly asserted she was not served with notice of the June 6, 2022 hearing

on Bonnie' s motion to dismiss. Tibberly pointed out the court record showed she

was not personally served, nor was there evidence of an attempt to serve.

        A contradictory hearing on Tibberly' s motion to annul was held in October

2022.    Counsel appeared on behalf of Tibberly, and Bonnie appeared pro se via

teleconference.      After hearing from both parties, the trial court denied Tibberly' s

motion to annul, without providing reasons. A written judgment denying Tibberly' s

motion to annul was signed on December 29, 2022.

        Tibberly filed this appeal.6 In a single assignment of error, Tibberly asserts

the trial court committed an error of law when it denied her motion to annul.

                                  LAW AND DISCUSSION

        Absent an express waiver, citation and service thereof are essential in all civil

actions, except summary and executory proceedings, divorce actions under La. C. C.

art. 102, and proceedings under the Louisiana Children' s Code. La. C. C. P. art. 1201;

Butler v. Sandberg, 2018- 0917 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 10/ 23/ 19), 289 So. 3d 638, 640.

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 1312 provides that every pleading

subsequent to the original petition must be served on the adverse party in accordance

with La. C. C. P. art. 1313 or art. 1314. Butler, 289 So. 3d at 640. Louisiana Code of

Civil Procedure article 1313( C) pertinently states that, if a pleading or order sets a

5 The record contains an unsigned notice of limited appearance by Tibberly' s current counsel.
However, the record does not contain a motion and signed order allowing the withdrawal of
Tibberly' s original attorney, who appeared on her behalf and filed the petition. Unless an attorney
is making a limited appearance, the filing of the initial petition constitutes enrollment and no
further notice of enrollment is needed. See La. Dist. Ct. Rule 9. 12 — Comments ( Paragraph 2);
Butler v. Sandberg, 2018- 0917 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 10/ 23/ 19), 289 So. 3d 638, 642 n. 3. Counsel of
record remains enrolled until a matter is concluded or the court has granted the attorney permission
to withdraw, which requires a formal motion. See La. Dist. Ct. Rule 9. 13 and La. R. Prof. Conduct
1. 16( c). Until such a withdrawal, counsel of record maintains a continuing obligation to the court,
opposing counsel, and most importantly, his client. Butler, 289 So. 3d at 642 n. 3.
6 See United Most Worshipful King George' s Grand Lodge A. F. & A. Masons v. Lewis, 2021- 1326
 La. App. 1 st Cir. 4/ 8/ 22), 342 So. 3d 36, 40, and Bracken v. Payne & Keller Co., 2014- 0637 ( La.
App. 1 st Cir. 8/ 10/ 15), 181 So. 3d 53, 56- 7, considering appeals from the denial of motions to annul
purportedly null judgments.

                                                   C!
court date, service shall be made by registered or certified mail or as provided in La.
                       7
C.C. P. art. 1314,         by actual delivery by a commercial courier, or by emailing the

document to the email address designated by counsel or the party.                    The purpose of

La. C.C. P. art. 1313( C) is to fulfill the due process requirements under the Louisiana

Constitution and United States Constitution and should be strictly construed. Butler,

289 So. 3d at 641, citing U.S. Const. Amend. 14; La. Const. art. I, § 2; and La. C. C. P.

art. 1313.

        Generally, a judgment rendered against a defendant who has not been served

with process as required by law is an absolute nullity due to a " vice of form."                See

La. C. C. P.   arts.       2001 and 2002( A)( 2);       Butler, 289 So. 3d at 641; Adair Asset

Management, LLC/US Bank v. Honey Bear Lodge, Inc., 2012- 1690 ( La. App. 1st

Cir. 2/ 13/ 14), 138 So. 3d 6, 11. Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 2002( A)(2)

has also been interpreted to provide for a nullity action by a defendant -in -rule, as

Tibberly was in this case. See Zenon v. Liberty Mutual Fire & Casualty Ins. Co.,

2003- 0971 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 4/ 2/ 04), 871 So. 2d 642, 644, writ denied, 2004- 1549

 La. 10/ 1/ 04), 883 So. 2d 988.

        An action to annul a judgment for a vice of form may be brought by any

interested person at any time, before any court, and through a collateral proceeding,

such as a contradictory motion or rule.                  La. C. C. P.   art.   2002( B); Adair Asset

Management, LLC/ US Bank, 138 So. 3d at 11.                  The absolute nullity of a judgment

may be raised in any proceeding where the validity of such a judgment is asserted.

See Edwards v. First Bank and Trust, 2012- 0423 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 4/ 8/ 13), 181

So. 3d 726, 729- 30 ( affirming a judgment of nullity, finding service on the plaintiff,

a self -represented attorney, through his legal secretary was improper pursuant to La.

C. C. P. art. 1235( B)).       Generally, a party attacking citation and service must prove

7 Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 1314, not applicable here, sets forth the methods of
service of a pleading, which is required to be served but may not be served under La. C. C. P. art.
1313.

                                                    5
by a preponderance of the evidence that there was lack of service of process. Butler,

289 So. 3d at 641.

        Given the evidence in the record, this court finds Bonnie failed to properly

serve notice of the June 6, 2022 hearing on Tibberly as required under La. C.C. P.

art.   1313( C). 8 There is no evidence in the record indicating Tibberly was served

with notice of the hearing. Neither Tibberly nor her counsel of record appeared at

the hearing on Bonnie' s motion to dismiss, and nothing in the record suggests any

waiver by Tibberly of the formal service requirements.                 As service of process on

Tibberly was not made as required by law, the trial court' s June 18, 2022 order

granting Bonnie' s motion to dismiss with prejudice is an absolute nullity. La. C. C. P.

arts. 2001 and 2002( A)(2); Butler, 289 So. 3d at 641- 42. The trial court erred as a

matter of law by denying Tibberly' s motion to annul.'

                                            DECREE

        For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the December 29, 2022 judgment

denying the motion to annul filed by Tibberly Richard, grant the motion to annul,

and vacate the June 18, 2022 order granting Bonnie Williams' s motion to dismiss

with prejudice, dismissing Tibberly Richard' s suit with prejudice, as an absolute

nullity. This matter is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings. Costs of

this appeal are assessed to defendant, Bonnie Williams.

MOTION TO ANNUL GRANTED. DECEMBER 29, 2022 JUDGMENT
REVERSED; JUNE 18, 2022 ORDER VACATED; REMANDED.

8 On appeal, courts have determined whether service was made as required by law by examining
the record. See Adair Asset Management, LLC/US Bank, 138 So. 3d at 14; Tucker v. Hill, 2019-
0547 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 1/ 9/ 20), 2020 WL 104614, * 2 ( unpublished); Butler, 289 So. 3d at 641;
Wilson v. Calamia Construction Co., 2011- 0639 (La. App. 4th Cir. 9/ 28/ 11), 74 So. 3d 1198, 1200.
9 Appellate review of questions of law is a review of whether the trial court was legally correct or
incorrect. On legal issues, the appellate court gives no weight to the findings of the trial court but
exercises its constitutional duty to review questions of law de novo, after which it renders judgment
on the record. Terrell v. Derouen, 2021- 1327 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 7/ 5/ 22), 345 So. 3d 1065, 1070.
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