Court Opinion

ID: 9386201
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-11 17:08:43.147151+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:38.392602
License: Public Domain

J-S03031-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 IN THE INTEREST OF: L.S., A MINOR     :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
 APPEAL OF: T.C., MOTHER               :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :   No. 2453 EDA 2022

             Appeal from the Order Entered August 26, 2022
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Juvenile Division at
                    No(s): CP-51-DP-0001864-2015

 IN THE INTEREST OF: L.E.C.-S., A      :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                                 :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
                                       :
 APPEAL OF: T.C., MOTHER               :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :   No. 2454 EDA 2022

             Appeal from the Decree Entered August 26, 2022
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Juvenile Division at
                     No(s): CP-51-AP-0000076-2020

 IN THE INTEREST OF: L.S.-C., A        :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                                 :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
                                       :
 APPEAL OF: T.C., MOTHER               :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :
                                       :   No. 2455 EDA 2022

             Appeal from the Order Entered August 26, 2022
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Juvenile Division at
                    No(s): CP-51-DP-0001865-2015
J-S03031-23

    IN THE INTEREST OF: L.T.S.-C., A           :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    MINOR                                      :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: T.C., MOTHER                    :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 2456 EDA 2022

                Appeal from the Decree Entered August 26, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Juvenile Division at
                        No(s): CP-51-AP-0000077-2020

BEFORE: BOWES, J., McCAFFERY, J., and SULLIVAN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY SULLIVAN, J.:                              FILED APRIL 11, 2023

       T.C. (“Mother”) appeals from the decrees granting the petitions filed by

the Philadelphia Department of Human Services (“DHS”) involuntarily

terminating her parental rights to her son, L.S., a/k/a L.E.C.-S., born in June

2013, and her daughter, L.S.-C., a/k/a L.T.S.-C., born in February 2015

(collectively, “Children”).1      Mother also appeals from the orders changing

Children’s permanency goals from reunification to adoption.        Following our

review, we affirm the termination decrees and dismiss the appeals from the

goal change orders as moot.

       The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows. DHS became

aware of the family in July 2018 after it received a General Protective Services

____________________________________________

1 The trial court also voluntarily terminated the parental rights of L.E.S.
(“Father”) to Children. Father did not file an appeal and is not a party to the
instant appeal.

                                           -2-
J-S03031-23

(“GPS”) report.   The GPS report alleged that Mother struggled with crack

cocaine abuse and the family’s home was uninhabitable because it did not

have electricity, running water, or food. See N.T., 6/13/22, at 49. Thereafter,

in July 2018, DHS obtained orders of protective custody for Children. At this

time, Children were placed with their paternal aunt, M.S. (“Paternal Aunt”),

where they have remained. See id. at 52; see also N.T., 4/26/22, at 6. At

a shelter care hearing on July 23, 2018, the trial court ordered legal custody

to DHS and ordered Children’s temporary commitment to stand. On August

2, 2018, the court adjudicated Children dependent.

      In furtherance of Children’s permanency goal of reunification, Mother

was required to comply with the following single case plan (“SCP”) objectives:

(1) complete a dual diagnosis assessment; (2) submit to random drug

screens; (3) comply with Community Umbrella Agency (“CUA”) case

management; (4) attend Achieving Reunification Center (“ARC”) for housing,

parenting, and financial counseling; and (5) maintain supervised visitation.

See N.T., 6/13/22, at 53-54. During the pendency of the case, Mother failed

to complete any of her objectives. See id. at 69. Mother never completed a

dual diagnosis assessment, did not submit to any drug screens, and did not

provide documentation that she has participated in drug or alcohol treatment.

See id. at 54-55, 64-65. Additionally, despite being referred to ARC, she did

not engage these services, and by February 2022, she had not visited or seen

Children for approximately three years. See id. at 54-55, 64-65, 71.

                                     -3-
J-S03031-23

       On February 17, 2022, DHS filed petitions to change Children’s

permanency goals from reunification to adoption and for the involuntary

termination of Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1),

(2), (5), (8), and (b).     On April 26, 2022, June 13, 2022, August 16, 2022,

and August 26, 2022, the trial court conducted hearings. Children, then ages

seven and nine, were represented by a guardian ad litem (“GAL”) and separate

legal counsel.2 DHS presented the testimony of CUA case manager Raymond

Bynes (“Mr. Bynes”). The GAL presented the testimony of Molly Reeves, a

trauma clinician for L.S.-C. Mother, who was represented by counsel, also

testified.

       The testimony presented at the various hearings was as follows. Mr.

Bynes testified that Mother had made no progress toward completing her ARC

objectives, and that she was no closer to reunification with Children by the

time of the hearing than she had been at the dependency adjudication hearing

in 2018. See N.T., 6/13/22, at 69. Mother never completed a dual diagnosis

assessment, did not submit to any drug screens, and did not provide

documentation that she has participated in drug or alcohol treatment. See

____________________________________________

2 The trial court appointed counsel to represent Children’s legal interests at
the June 13, 2022 hearing. Children’s counsel was subsequently appointed to
the judiciary and consequently withdrew; on July 22, 2022, the court
appointed new counsel for Children. The trial court continued the case to
allow Children’s new legal counsel the opportunity to interview them, and on
August 26, 2022, the trial court reopened the record solely to hear second
counsel’s report on Children’s preferred outcome.

                                           -4-
J-S03031-23

id. at 54-55, 64-65. Mr. Bynes testified that, prior to DHS filing the petitions

on February 17, 2022, Mother had not attended any visits with Children since

2019. See id. at 65, 73-74. Mr. Bynes referred Mother to ARC for parenting,

housing, and financial counseling, but she did not engage these services until

after the petitions were filed. See id.3

       Mother admitted that she has not seen Children “in quite some time.”

N.T., 4/26/22, at 27; see also N.T., 6/13/22, at 54-55, 64-65, 71 (testimony

regarding    Mother’s     admission     that   she   had   not   seen   Children   for

approximately three years). Mother conceded that she has been in and out

of jail since Children were adjudicated dependent. See N.T., 4/26/22, at 27-

28. She testified that she participated in an inpatient program “at Fairmount”

and was on a waitlist for an outpatient program. Id. at 28-29. Additionally,

Mother stated she is willing to complete a dual diagnosis assessment at the

courthouse and was willing to submit to a drug screen. Id. at 29. Mother did

not testify as to why she failed to comply with any of her SCP objectives.

       Mr. Byrnes testified that Paternal Aunt provides Children with love,

safety, stability, and support, and that she meets their emotional, medical,

educational, developmental, and daily needs. See N.T., 6/13/22, at 70-71.

Mr. Bynes testified that Children never asked for Mother, and whenever

____________________________________________

3 Mr. Bynes also testified that, prior to April 2022, he was only able to speak
with Mother three times, exclusively over the telephone, despite numerous
attempts to reach her. See N.T., 6/13/22, at 60-61.

                                           -5-
J-S03031-23

Children were dealing with behavioral issues, they looked to Paternal Aunt.

See id. at 74-76, 79. He further testified that Children have not received

cards or telephone calls from Mother on their birthdays, Mother has never

attended any medical appointments, and she has never attended any school

meetings. See id. at 79-80. Mr. Bynes also testified that L.S., the older male

child, has dealt with some “hardships,” but he is involved in a “Tiger program”

that helps with his behavioral issues, and Paternal Aunt has been extremely

supportive. See id. at 74. Mr. Bynes opined that Children share the primary

bond with Paternal Aunt, he had no knowledge of any parent/child bond

between Children and Mother, and Children would not suffer irreparable harm

if Mother’s parental rights were terminated. See id. at 70-71.

      Ms. Reeves, trauma clinician for L.S.-C, the younger female child,

testified that she has worked with L.S.-C. for two and a half years and that

L.S.-C. has only talked about Mother “a few times but nothing that really

stands out.” Id. at 89-90. L.S.-C. was referred to Ms. Reeves due to her

trauma history, and when she was first referred, she was experiencing

“frequent temper tantrums, emotional dysregulation, physical aggression,

[and] sleep troubles.”   Id. at 88.    Ms. Reeves testified that L.S.-C. has

improved significantly over the years stating that “[h]er temper tantrums at

home were almost non-existent. She was still having some difficulty in school

but she has definitely improved a lot with her emotional dysregulation.” Id.

Ms. Reeves further testified that Paternal Aunt is very involved with L.S.-C.’s

                                      -6-
J-S03031-23

treatment and has learned skills to support L.S.-C’s emotional regulation. See

id. at 89.

      At the June 13, 2022 hearing, Children’s first counsel reported that L.S.

was conflicted about the termination of Mother’s parental rights and being

adopted. L.S. stated, through counsel, that he did not want Mother’s parental

rights terminated nor did he want to be adopted; but he then stated he did

want to be adopted by Paternal Aunt, though he still wanted to see Mother.

See id. at 95. Counsel also reported that L.S.-C. did not want to be adopted

and that she would be upset if she did not get to see Mother. See id. At the

August 26, 2022 hearing, Children’s second counsel, following the withdrawal

of prior counsel, reported that L.S. “absolutely said he wanted to continue to

live with his aunty, and he wanted . . . her to adopt him,” though he would

still like to see Mother. See N.T., 8/26/22, at 5-6. Children’s second counsel

also explained that while he attempted to have a discussion with L.S.-C., he

found that she was “unable to,” though counsel ascertained that L.S.-C. would

like to live with Mother, but also wanted to continue living with Paternal Aunt.

See id. at 6-7.

      By decrees dated and entered on August 26, 2022, the trial court

involuntarily terminated Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. §

2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). In addition, by orders entered the same

date, the court changed Children’s permanency goals to adoption. Mother

filed timely notices of appeal and concise statements of errors complained of

                                     -7-
J-S03031-23

on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b).       Pursuant to Rule

1925(a), the trial court filed an opinion, referring to its reasoning stated on

the record at the August 26, 2022 hearing. On October 31, 2022, this Court

consolidated Mother’s appeals sua sponte.

      Mother presents the following issues for our review:

      1.    Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion
            when it [involuntarily] terminated Mother’s parental rights,
            where such determination was not supported by clear and
            convincing evidence under the Adoption Act[,] 23
            Pa.C.S.[A.] § 2511(a)?

      2.    Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion
            when it involuntarily terminated Mother’s parental rights
            without giving primary consideration to the effect that the
            termination would have on the developmental, physical[,]
            and emotional needs of [] Child[ren] under [s]ection
            2511(b) of the Adoption Act?

      3.    Whether [] Children were adequately represented by an
            attorney when their attorney was vacated sometime after
            the evidence closed but before closing argument and the
            court’s decision, when their new attorney had not heard any
            of the evidence, nor had any reported consultation with the
            attorney who had heard the evidence, and had observed []
            Children with their Mother, and had a different position from
            the original attorney[?]

      4.    Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion by
            changing [] Children’s permanency goals to adoption when
            DHS had not met its burden of proof that such changes
            would best serve the needs and welfare of [Children?]

Mother’s Brief at 6-8 (footnote omitted; issues re-ordered for ease of

disposition).

      Our standard of review is as follows:

                                     -8-
J-S03031-23

      [I]n cases involving involuntary termination of parental rights[,
      our review] is limited to determining whether the trial court’s
      determination is supported by competent evidence.               When
      applying this standard of review, an appellate court must accept
      the findings of fact and credibility determinations of the trial court
      if they are supported by evidence of record. Where the trial
      court’s factual findings are supported by the evidence, an
      appellate court may not disturb the trial court’s ruling unless it
      has discerned an error of law or abuse of discretion. An abuse of
      discretion is found where there is a demonstration of manifest
      unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill will. It matters
      not that an appellate court might have reached a different
      conclusion, as it is well-established that absent an abuse of
      discretion, an error of law, or insufficient evidentiary support for
      the trial court’s decision, the decree must stand.

In re Adoption of L.A.K., 265 A.3d 580, 591 (Pa. 2021) (internal citations

omitted).

      Pennsylvania’s Adoption Act (“the Act”) governs involuntary termination

of parental rights proceedings. See 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2101-2938. Subsection

2511(a) provides grounds for the involuntary termination of parental rights.

If the trial court finds clear and convincing evidence supporting the existence

of one of the grounds for termination set forth in subsection (a), the court

must then consider whether termination would best serve the child under

subsection (b). See id. § 2511(b). This Court need only agree with one of

the grounds set forth in subsection (a) to affirm, provided subsection (b) is

also satisfied. See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004).

      The trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23

Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). As we need only agree with

                                      -9-
J-S03031-23

the trial court’s determination as to one section of 2511(a), we limit our

discussion to section 2511(a)(1) and (b), which provide as follows:

      (a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child may
      be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
      grounds:

         (1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at
         least six months immediately preceding the filing of the
         petition either has evidenced a settled purpose of
         relinquishing parental claim to a child or has refused or
         failed to perform parental duties.

                                    ****

      (b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the rights
      of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental,
      physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights
      of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of
      environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings,
      income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the
      control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant
      to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any
      efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions described therein
      which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the
      filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (b).

      In her first issue, Mother argues that DHS failed to provide clear and

convincing evidence that Mother’s rights should be terminated pursuant to 23

Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1).     See Mother’s Brief at 15-16.       This Court has

explained that grounds for the involuntary termination of parental rights arise

under section 2511(a)(1) when a parent demonstrates a settled purpose of

relinquishing parental claim to child or fails to perform parental duties. See

In re Z.S.W., 946 A.2d 726, 730 (Pa. Super. 2008) (internal citations

                                    - 10 -
J-S03031-23

omitted, emphasis added). Regarding the definition of “parental duties,” this

Court has stated:

           There is no simple or easy definition of parental duties.
     Parental duty is best understood in relation to the needs of a child.
     A child needs love, protection, guidance, and support. These
     needs, physical and emotional, cannot be met by a merely passive
     interest in the development of the child. Thus, this Court has held
     that the parental obligation is a positive duty which requires
     affirmative performance.

           This affirmative duty encompasses more than a financial
     obligation; it requires continuing interest in the child and a
     genuine effort to maintain communication and association with
     the child.

           Because a child needs more than a benefactor, parental duty
     requires that a parent exert himself to take and maintain a place
     of importance in the child’s life.

            Parental duty requires that the parent act affirmatively with
     good faith interest and effort, and not yield to every problem, in
     order to maintain the parent-child relationship to the best of his
     or her ability, even in difficult circumstances. A parent must utilize
     all available resources to preserve the parental relationship[] and
     must exercise reasonable firmness in resisting obstacles placed in
     the path of maintaining the parent-child relationship. Parental
     rights are not preserved by waiting for a more suitable or
     convenient time to perform one’s parental responsibilities while
     others provide the child with . . . her physical and emotional
     needs.

In re B., N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 855 (Pa. Super. 2004) (internal citations and

indentation omitted).

     As it relates to the crucial six-month period prior to the filing of the

petition, this Court has instructed, “[i]t is the six months immediately

preceding the filing of the petition that is most critical to our analysis.

However, the trial court must consider the whole history of a given case and

                                    - 11 -
J-S03031-23

not mechanically apply the six-month statutory provisions, but instead

consider the individual circumstances of each case.” In re D.J.S., 737 A.2d

283, 286 (Pa. Super. 1999) (internal citations omitted). This requires that

the Court “examine the individual circumstances of each case and consider all

explanations offered by the parent facing termination of his or her parental

rights, to determine if the evidence, in light of the totality of the

circumstances, clearly warrants the involuntary termination.” In re B., N.M.,

856 A.2d at 855 (internal citation omitted).

      Once the evidence establishes a parent’s failure to perform parental

duties, or a settled purpose of relinquishing parental rights, “the court must

engage in three lines of inquiry: (1) the parent’s explanation for his or her

conduct; (2) the post-abandonment contact between parent and child; and

(3) consideration of the effect of termination of parental rights on the child

pursuant to Section 2511(b).” In re Z.S.W., 946 A.2d at 730. Further, we

have stated:

      [T]o be legally significant, the [post-abandonment] contact must
      be steady and consistent over a period of time, contribute to the
      psychological health of the child, and must demonstrate a serious
      intent on the part of the parent to recultivate a parent-child
      relationship and must also demonstrate a willingness and capacity
      to undertake the parental role. The parent wishing to reestablish
      his parental responsibilities bears the burden of proof on this
      question.

In re Z.P., 994 A.2d 1108, 1119 (Pa. Super. 2010) (internal citation omitted).

                                    - 12 -
J-S03031-23

       In her first issue, Mother contests the sufficiency of the evidence

supporting the trial court’s finding of grounds for termination.4 Specifically,

Mother argues that the testimony of Mr. Bynes was insufficient for the court

to find clear and convincing evidence under section 2511(a)(1). See Mother

Brief at 20-21.

       With respect to Mother’s claim that Mr. Bynes’s testimony was

insufficient to terminate her parental rights under section 2511(a)(1), the trial

court explained as follows:

____________________________________________

4 Mother contends that the trial court improperly allowed, and relied on,
hearsay testimony from Mr. Bynes. See Mother’s Brief at 16. The GAL
contends that Mother’s argument regarding inadmissible hearsay is waived for
failure to assert this error in her concise statement of errors complained of on
appeal. See GAL Brief at 10-11.

We observe that, because Mother did not include her hearsay issue in her Rule
1925(b) statement, the trial court did not address this argument in its Rule
1925(a) opinion; we further note that Mother also did not raise this issue in
her statement of questions involved in her brief.              See Pa.R.A.P;
1925(b)(4)(vii) (providing that issues not included in the concise statement
of errors complained of on appeal are waived); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a)
(providing that “[n]o question will be considered unless it is stated in the
statement of questions involved or is fairly suggested thereby”). Additionally,
Mother fails to cite to the places in the record where she lodged hearsay
objections to Mr. Bynes’s testimony, apart from a single instance where she
objected to Mr. Bynes testifying about Mother’s contact with CUA during the
pendency of the case. Compare Mother’s Brief at 16 (citing N.T., 6/13/22,
at 55-56) with Pa.R.A.P. 2119(e) (requiring that parties set forth a reference
to the place in the record where the appellate issue was raised below). As
such, we conclude that Mother has waived her claim regarding the court’s
consideration of allegedly inadmissible hearsay evidence.         See In re
M.Z.T.M.W., 163 A.3d 462, 466 (Pa. Super. 2017) (stating that “it is well-
settled that issues not included in an appellant’s statement of questions
involved and concise statement of errors complained of on appeal are
waived”).

                                          - 13 -
J-S03031-23

            The [petitions] in this case were filed on February 17, 2022.
      In the six months preceding that time, [Mother] did not establish
      or take any action to demonstrate any parental claim to
      [Children].

            She did not engage in any of her [SCP] objectives, she did
      not have visits [with Children] for several years prior to the
      [termination] petition being filed, and [DHS] has met its burden
      under [section] 2511(a)(1).

N.T., 8/26/22, at 11-12.

      Following our review, we conclude the evidence was sufficient to support

the trial court’s conclusion. On direct examination, Mr. Bynes, the CUA case

manager, testified that Mother’s compliance with her ARC objectives was

minimal and that she was no closer to unification with Children by the time of

the hearing than she was in 2018. See N.T., 6/13/22, at 69. Mother never

completed a dual diagnosis assessment, did not submit to any drug screens,

and did not provide documentation that she has participated in drug or alcohol

treatment.   See id. at 54-55, 64-65. Importantly, prior to DHS filing the

petitions on February 17, 2022, Mother did not attend any visits with Children

since 2019. See id. at 65, 71, 73-74. Mr. Bynes referred Mother to ARC for

parenting, housing, and financial counseling, but she did not engage these

services until after the petitions were filed. See id.; see also 23 Pa.C.S.A. §

2511(b) (providing that efforts by a parent made after the filing of a

termination petition may not be considered when termination is sought

pursuant to subsection (a)(1)). Based on the foregoing, the record supports

the court’s determination that Mother failed to perform her parental duties in

                                    - 14 -
J-S03031-23

excess of the six months prior to the filing of the February 17, 2022

termination petitions. As we discern no error of law or abuse of discretion,

Mother is due no relief.

      In her second issue, Mother contends that the trial court abused its

discretion by finding that termination of his parental rights was in Children’s

best interest pursuant to section 2511(b). Regarding the section 2511(b) best

interest analysis, this Court has explained:

             While a parent’s emotional bond with his or her child is a
      major aspect of the subsection 2511(b) best-interest analysis, it
      is nonetheless only one of many factors to be considered by the
      court when determining what is in the best interest of the child.
      The mere existence of an emotional bond does not preclude the
      termination of parental rights. Rather, the [trial] court must
      examine the status of the bond to determine whether its
      termination would destroy an existing, necessary and beneficial
      relationship. . . ..

             In addition to a bond examination, the trial court can equally
      emphasize the safety needs of the child, and should also consider
      the intangibles, such as the love, comfort, security, and stability
      the child might have with the foster parent. Additionally, . . . the
      trial court should consider the importance of continuity of
      relationships and whether any existing parent-child bond can be
      severed without detrimental effects on the child.

In re N.A.M., 33 A.3d 95, 103 (Pa. Super. 2011) (internal citations,

quotations, brackets, and indentation omitted). Furthermore, our Supreme

Court has stated that, “[c]ommon sense dictates that courts considering

termination must also consider whether the children are in a pre-adoptive

home and whether they have a bond with their foster parents.” In re T.S.M.,

71 A.3d 251, 268 (Pa. 2013). In weighing the bond considerations pursuant

                                     - 15 -
J-S03031-23

to section 2511(b), “courts must keep the ticking clock of childhood ever in

mind.” Id. at 269. Children “are young for a scant number of years, and we

have an obligation to see to their healthy development quickly. When courts

fail . . . the result, all too often, is catastrophically maladjusted children.” Id.

      Mother argues that because DHS failed to meet its burden under section

2511(a), the trial court erred in analyzing section 2511(b). Mother’s Brief at

12-13, 21. Alternatively, Mother contends that the court failed to give primary

consideration to the emotional needs of Children.        See id. at 21.     Mother

argues that the court must analyze the impact of severing “close parental ties”

and the resulting pain this may cause when considering the best interests of

Children. See id. at 23.

      The trial court explained its section 2511(b) analysis as follows:

            With regard to [section] 2511(b) while [Children] may know
      [Mother], and enjoy the brief times they’ve had to spend with her
      for the last four years, they do not have a parental bond with
      [Mother].

            [Children] have both indicated they wished to be living in
      the home of their current resource parent, and I do not believe
      [Children] would suffer any irreparable harm if [Mother’s] rights
      were terminated.

N.T., 8/26/22, at 15-16.

      Following our review, we conclude that the trial court’s finding is

supported by the record and contains no error of law. As stated supra, Mother

did not visit Children and she had not seen Children for approximately three

years.   See N.T., 6/13/22, at 54-55, 64-65, 71.          Additionally, Mr. Bynes

                                      - 16 -
J-S03031-23

testified that Paternal Aunt provides Children with love, safety, stability, and

support,   and   that   she   meets   their    emotional,   medical,   educational,

developmental, and daily needs. See id. at 70-71. Conversely, Mother met

none of Children’s emotional, medical, educational, developmental, or daily

needs; Mother had no bond with Children; and Mr. Bynes opined that

termination of Mother’s parental rights would not cause irreparable harm to

Children. See id. Mr. Bynes testified that Children never asked for Mother,

and whenever Children were dealing with behavioral issues, they looked to

Paternal Aunt. See id. at 74-76, 79, 88-90. The record this supports the trial

court’s conclusion that termination of Mother’s parental rights was in

Children’s best interest. Accordingly, Mother is due no relief.

      In Mother’s third issue, she argues that Children received inadequate

representation such that they were effectively denied counsel.             Section

2313(a) of the Adoption Act provides that the “court shall appoint counsel to

represent the child in an involuntary termination proceeding when the

proceeding is being contested by one or both of the parents.”              See 23

Pa.C.S.A. § 2313(a); see also In re Adoption of K.M.G., 240 A.3d 1218,

1223–24 (Pa. 2020). (holding that “[s]ection 2313(a) requires that the

common pleas court appoint an attorney to represent the child’s legal interest,

i.e.[,] the child’s preferred outcome, and the failure to appoint counsel

constitutes structural error in the termination proceedings”) (internal

quotations omitted).

                                      - 17 -
J-S03031-23

      Mother asserts that Children were “effectively denied the assistance of

counsel where their attorney at the time of the court’s decrees had not heard

any of the evidence in the case, and where his report of [Children’s] wishes

and relationship to [Mother] was significantly different from the report of their

previous attorney.” Mother’s Brief at 29. Mother submits that Children’s first

attorney provided a “more complete” report that supports a finding that

Children prefer a permanency goal other than adoption. See id. at 31-32.

Mother concludes that the “break in representation” is error. See id. at 32.

      We must first consider whether Mother has preserved this issue for our

review. Mother did not raise this issue before the trial court, nor did she raise

it in her Rule 1925(b) statement; however, she asserts that the failure to

appoint counsel is non-waivable and may be raised by a parent for the first

time on appeal. See Mother’s Brief at 29. While Mother’s statement of the

law is correct, the trial court did not fail to appoint counsel for Children in the

instant matter. Rather, the first appointed counsel for Children was permitted

to withdraw and replacement counsel for Children was thereafter appointed.

Moreover, Mother’s arguments pertain to the adequacy of replacement

counsel’s representation. Our Supreme Court has also disallowed sua sponte

review by appellate courts of the adequacy of legal counsel’s representation.

See In re Adoption of K.M.G., 240 A.3d at 1237 (holding that “[w]e

additionally reject the argument that appellate courts should review sua

sponte whether a GAL/[c]ounsel sufficiently advocated for the child’s legal

                                      - 18 -
J-S03031-23

interests . . ..”). Accordingly, Mother has waived this issue. See Pa.R.A.P.

302(a); see also Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).5

       In Mother’s fourth and final issue, she contests the trial court’s orders

changing Children’s permanency goals from reunification to adoption. See

Mother’s Brief at 24-28.          However, given our disposition affirming the

termination decrees, Mother’s appeals from the goal change orders are moot.

Therefore, we dismiss the appeal in this respect. See In the Interest of

D.R.-W., 227 A.3d 905, 917 (Pa. Super. 2020) (holding that an appeal from

a goal change order is moot when this Court affirms a decree involuntarily

terminating parental rights).

____________________________________________

5 Even if Mother had preserved a challenge to the adequacy of second
counsel’s representation, we would conclude that Mother’s issue merits no
relief. On June 13, 2022, and August 26, 2022, the trial court heard from
Children’s original legal counsel regarding Children’s preferred outcome.
Children’s original counsel stated Children’s desires on the record on June 13,
2022. He stated that Children want to continue to have contact with Mother
but want to stay with Paternal Aunt. See N.T., 6/13/22, at 94-95. He also
reported that while L.S.-C. did not want to be adopted, L.S. was conflicted.
See id. at 94-95. Subsequently, Children’s original counsel withdrew his
appearance. Second counsel spoke with Children and stated their preferred
outcome on the record at the hearing on August 26, 2022. Second counsel
also stated that Children enjoy seeing Mother, but want to continue living with
Paternal Aunt. See N.T, 8/26/22, at 5-7. Second counsel reported that L.S.
affirmatively wanted to be adopted and that L.S.-C. was largely unable to
discuss the matter with him, but that, from what he could discern, she wanted
to live with both Mother and Paternal Aunt. See id. at 6-7. A review of the
record shows that Children were represented by counsel at each involuntary
termination hearing, and each attorney interviewed Children and reported
their preferred outcomes to the trial court. Accordingly, had Mother preserved
this issue, we would have concluded that the trial court complied with section
2313(a).

                                          - 19 -
J-S03031-23

     Termination decrees affirmed.   Appeals from goal change orders

dismissed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/11/2023

                                - 20 -