Court Opinion

ID: 9954825
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-27 06:13:51.935478+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:15:03.550390
License: Public Domain

AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed March 20, 2024

                                      S   In The
                              Court of Appeals
                       Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                  No. 05-22-01294-CV

   TERESA CASTANEDA AND GUADALUPE CASTANEDA, Appellants
                           V.
   LARRY RAY NEWSOM, CAROLYN SUE NEWSOM, AND ABACUS
               FUNDING GROUP, LLC, Appellees

                On Appeal from the 160th Judicial District Court
                             Dallas County, Texas
                     Trial Court Cause No. DC-20-15852

                          MEMORANDUM OPINION
              Before Justices Partida-Kipness, Pedersen, III, and Garcia
                              Opinion by Justice Garcia
       This case involves a suit on a real estate transaction that occurred over twenty

years ago. In three issues, Teresa Castaneda and Guadalupe Castaneda (together, the

“Castaneda”) argue the trial court erred (i) in excluding her testimony and exhibits

at trial, (ii) in ruling that her claims are barred by the statute of limitations, and (iii)

in ruling that her pleadings do not raise a fact issue and do not support a contractual

or fraud claim against Ray and Carolyn Newsom (together, the “Newsoms”). We

conclude the trial court did not err by excluding untimely disclosed evidence. After

that evidence was excluded, the only evidence before the court conclusively proved
that the Newsoms were entitled to judgment as a matter of law on Castaneda’s

statutory fraud and breach of contract claims. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                 I.   Background

      In 1997, Castaneda entered into a seller-financed purchase of the Newsoms’

home. To finance the purchase, Castaneda executed a Real Estate Lien Note (the

“Note”) secured by a vendor’s lien (the “Lien”) payable to the Newsoms. Castaneda

also executed and delivered a deed of trust (the “Deed”) securing the debt for the

benefit of the Newsoms.

      The Newsoms contend that Castaneda did not consistently make the required

payments or pay property taxes and insurance for the property. Abacus Funding

Group, LLC (“Abacus”) purchased the Note from the Newsoms on March 30, 2020.

Castaneda began making payments to Abacus.

      In September 2020, Abacus sent Castaneda notice of non-judicial foreclosure.

A month later, Castaneda filed the underlying lawsuit against Abacus and the

Newsoms.

      The verified petition and application for injunctive relief alleged claims

against the Newsoms for statutory fraud and breach of contract and against Abacus

for statutory fraud. The Deed, the Lien, and the Note were attached to the petition,

and Castaneda alleged that these documents constituted the contract the Newsoms

allegedly breached. Regarding statutory fraud, the petition alleged that the Newsoms

made false representations of material fact that they would transfer title to the

                                        –2–
property to induce Castaneda to enter into a contract to purchase the property and

Castaneda relied on this false representation to enter into and make payments on the

contract.

      Abacus moved for summary judgment and the trial court granted the motion

and severed those claims from the case. The same day, Castaneda amended the

petition to assert new claims against the Newsoms.

      The case was set and reset for trial four times, and the court declined to reopen

discovery. On July 8, 2022, thirty days before the fourth trial setting, Castaneda

served the Newsoms with a document entitled “First Amended Response to . . .

Request for Disclosure.” Thereafter, the Newsoms moved to strike the amended

petition and evidence and witnesses disclosed under the “Amended Disclosures” as

untimely because pursuant to the court’s scheduling order, discovery closed on

September 24, 2021. Moreover, according to the Newsoms, Castaneda had never

served any responses to the initial disclosure request until she served the document

entitled “Amended Disclosures.”

      On July 20, 2022, the Newsoms filed a traditional and no-evidence motion for

summary judgment, or alternatively, motion for directed verdict. Castaneda did not

respond, and the motion was not set for hearing.

      On August 8, 2022, the day before the case was set for trial, the Newsoms

filed a motion based on TEX. R. CIV. P. 248 for “Pre-Trial Rulings and Judgment as

a Matter of Law.” The motion requested that the court construe the parties’

                                         –3–
contractual obligations pursuant to the Lien, Note, and Deed, arguing that, as a

matter of law, the documents contain no legal obligations for the Newsoms to breach.

The Newsoms further requested that the court determine, as a matter of law, that

Castaneda’s claims are time barred. In support of the motion, the Newsoms included

Castaneda deposition testimony that the dispute arose in 2014, and the alleged

fraudulent misrepresentations were made after they purchased the property. The

Note, Lien, and Deed were also attached to the motion.

      The case was called to trial on August 9, 2022. Prior to jury selection, the

court heard arguments on the Newsoms’ motion to strike and exclude evidence and

the motion filed pursuant to Rule 248. The Deed, Lien, and Note were admitted into

evidence by stipulation. After hearing the arguments of counsel, the court granted

the motion to strike the petition. The court also granted the motion to exclude. That

order specifically states that Castaneda is “prohibited from offering any evidence of

Plaintiffs’ claims for breach of contract, statutory fraud and/or violations of the

Texas Property Code against [the Newsoms],” and any evidence of alleged damages

and attorney’s fees.

      The court also granted the motion made pursuant to Rule 248, and made the

following determinations as a matter of law:

      1. the pleadings in this case do not raise a fact issue;

      2. the documents made the basis of Appellants’ suit are construed not
      to support any basis for liability or contractual obligations owed by
      [Castaneda];

                                         –4–
      3. based on Castaneda’s affidavit in support of . . . request for injunctive
      relief, along with arguments of Castaneda, there is no dispute as to
      when Castaneda’s claims accrued; and

      4. as a matter of law, Castaneda’s suit occurred after the applicable
      statute of limitations period had expired.

      Two days later, the trial court entered a final judgment that Castaneda take

nothing on the claims against the Newsoms. The judgment stated, in pertinent part:

      The Court considered and entered evidence as stipulated between the
      parties.

      The Court further considered [the Newsoms’] pre-trial motions to
      construe Plaintiffs’ pleadings/as a matter of law and to exclude.
      evidence. The Court notes that it granted such pre-trial motions.

      There being no evidence to support a judgment in favor of Plaintiffs,
      the [Newsoms] moved the Court for a judgment as a matter of law,
      which was granted by the Court.

The trial court also made findings of fact and conclusions of law.

      Castaneda filed a motion for new trial, but the motion was not set for hearing.

Castaneda subsequently filed this appeal.

                                    II.   Analysis

A.    Excluding the Untimely Disclosed Evidence

      Castaneda’s first issue argues the trial court erred in excluding her untimely

disclosed evidence; specifically, the witnesses and evidence identified in her July 8,

2022 disclosure response. A trial court’s decision to admit or exclude evidence is

reviewed for abuse of discretion. Horizon/CMS Healthcare Corp. v. Auld, 34 S.W.3d

887, 906 (Tex. 2000).

                                          –5–
      According to Castaneda, the exclusion constituted an improper death penalty

sanction under TEX. R. CIV. P. 215. Castaneda’s characterization is misplaced. There

was no Rule 215 motion before the court and the court did not impose a Rule 215

sanction. The motion to exclude was based on TEX. R. CIV. P. 193, and that is the

rule the trial court considered and applied.

      TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6 governs untimely discovery responses:

      (a) Exclusion of Evidence and Exceptions. A party who fails to make,
      amend, or supplement a discovery response in a timely manner may not
      introduce in evidence the material or information that was not timely
      disclosed, or offer the testimony of a witness (other than a named party)
      who was not timely identified, unless the court finds that:

      (1) there was good cause for the failure to timely make, amend, or
      supplement the discovery response; or

      (2) the failure to timely make, amend, or supplement the discovery
      response will not unfairly surprise or unfairly prejudice the other
      parties.

      (b) Burden of Establishing Exception. The burden of establishing good
      cause or the lack of unfair surprise or unfair prejudice is on the party
      seeking to introduce the evidence or call the witness. A finding of good
      cause or of the lack of unfair surprise or unfair prejudice must be
      supported by the record.

TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6(a), (b). The penalty under Rule 193.6 for a party’s failure to

respond to a discovery request is the mandatory exclusion of the unidentified witness

or evidence sought. See Alvarado v. Farah Mfg. Co., 830 S.W.2d 911, 914

(Tex.1992).

      The trial court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law include the following

findings:

                                         –6–
        On or about November 23, 2020, [the Newsoms’] served Castaneda
        with [the Newsoms’] request for disclosures, and

        Castaneda’s’ disclosure responses were made for the first time on or
        about July 8, 2022, and 30 days before the fourth trial setting in this
        matter.1

        Castaneda does not challenge these findings on appeal and the record supports

the findings. Accordingly, the findings are binding on appeal. See McGalliard v.

Kuhlmann, 722 S.W.2d 694, 696 (Tex. 1986).

        During the hearing, Castaneda argued that the responses to the disclosures had

been timely served by e-filing with a cover letter to counsel and the court but

produced no evidence to establish that such service occurred. The court confirmed

there was no such filing in the court’s records.2

        Castaneda argues that even if the disclosure response was untimely, exclusion

was not mandatory because the Newsoms were not surprised or prejudiced.

Specifically, she contends that the Newsoms were copied on the discovery responses

she served on Abacus. This is neither adequate nor established in the record. Absent

a showing of surprise or prejudice, the exclusion of untimely produced evidence is

mandatory and automatic. Cornejo v. Jones, 05-12-01256-CV, 2014 WL 316607, at

    1
      The scheduling order does not appear in our record, but there is no dispute that discovery had closed
and a filing in July 2022 was untimely.
    2
      The untimely produced billing records also do not include an entry for drafting the disclosure
responses Castaneda claims were timely filed and served.
                                                   –7–
*3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Jan. 29, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.). Therefore, the trial court

did not err by excluding the evidence.

B.       Rulings on Limitations and Support for Castaneda’s Claims

         Castaneda’s second issue argues the trial court erred in ruling that her claims

are barred by the statute of limitations, and her third issue argues the court

erroneously concluded that her pleading does not support claims for statutory fraud

or breach of contract. We note at the outset that Castaneda does not challenge the

propriety of utilizing TEX. R. CIV. P. 248 to make these determinations as a matter of

law.3 Instead, she argues, without identifying the rule or standard at issue, that there

are “material fact issues” about when the alleged breach and fraudulent conduct

occurred.

         We are aware that some courts have entertained requests for document

construction and other legal determinations pursuant to Rule 248. See Rodriguez v.

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 04-14-00342-CV, 2015 WL 3772110, at *6–7

(Tex. App—San Antonio June 17, 2015, pet. denied) (mem. op.); AIC Management

Co. v. AT&T Mobility, LLC, No 01-16-00896-CV, 2018 WL 1189865, at *4–5 (Tex.

App.—Austin March 8, 2018, pet. denied) (mem. op.) but express no opinion on

whether a motion made pursuant to Rule 248 is the proper procedural vehicle to

     3
     TEX. R. CIV. P. 248 states, “[w]hen a jury has been demanded, questions of law . . . and other
unresolved pending matters shall, as far as practicable, be heard and determined by the court before the trial
commences . . . . .”
                                                    –8–
obtain the rulings at issue here. Our inquiry is limited to the unique procedural

posture of this case and the issues raised by Castaneda.

       The complained-of rulings are tantamount to a directed verdict. A directed

verdict is proper when the evidence conclusively proves the fact that establishes a

party’s right to judgment as a matter of law, or the evidence is insufficient to raise

an issue of fact. Keys Helium Co. v. Regency Gas Servs., L.P., 393 S.W.3d 858, 864

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.). Castaneda’s pleadings and evidence were

stricken as untimely. In addition to the Rule 248 motion, the Newsoms had a pending

request for a directed verdict.4 The final judgment recites, “there being no evidence

to support a judgment in favor or Plaintiffs, [the Newsoms] moved the court for a

judgment as a matter of law, which was granted by the court.” We examine

Castaneda’s argument concerning the existence of material facts in this context.

       We begin with statutory fraud. Castaneda asserted a claim pursuant to TEX.

BUS. & COM. CODE ANN. §27.01. The statute creates a cause of action for fraud in a

real estate transaction as follows:

       (a) Fraud in a transaction involving real estate or stock in a corporation
       or joint stock company consists of a

       (1) false representation of a past or existing material fact, when the false
       representation is

   4
      There was also an outstanding motion for summary judgment, but that motion had not been on file
for the requisite twenty-one days before a properly noticed hearing. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c).

                                                –9–
      (A) made to a person for the purpose of inducing that person to enter
      into a contract; and

      (B) relied on by that person in entering into that contract[.]

Id.; see also Collective Asset Partners LLC v. Schaumburg, 432 S.W.3d 435, 443

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2014, pet. denied). As the express language of the statute

reflects, the cause of action is available when the material and false representation

is made for the purpose of inducing the plaintiff to enter the contract. See Douet v.

Romero, No. 14-21-00363-CV, 2022 WL 16942867, at *8 (Tex. App.—Houston

[14th Dist.] Nov. 15, 2022, no pet.) (mem. op.). A statutory fraud claim under

Section 27.01 must be filed within four years of its discovery. See TEX. CIV. PRAC.

& REM. CODE ANN. § 16.004(a)(4); Ford v. Exxon Mobil Chem. Co., 235 S.W.3d

615, 617 (Tex. 2007).

      The trial court found that Castaneda’s verified petition established the

applicable dates for limitations purposes. Indeed, it is undisputed that the real estate

transaction occurred in 1997. The evidence shows, by Castaneda’s own admission

that the limitations clock began running in 2014 at the latest. Using that date, the

statute of limitations had run by the time the petition was filed in October 2020.

      We reject Castaneda’s reliance on alleged misrepresentations that occurred

after the sale. Even if there were pleadings or evidence to allege such

misrepresentations, a false statement made after the parties enter a contract could not

have induced the contract. Marcontell v. Jacoby, 260 S.W.3d 686, 691 (Tex. App.—

Dallas 2008, no pet.). Therefore, the trial court did not err in concluding as a matter
                                         –10–
of law that the statutory fraud claim was barred by limitations and the live pleading

did not support the claim.

      Likewise, there was no pleading or evidence to support the breach of contract

claim. The petition alleged that the Deed, the Lien, and the Note comprised the

contract the Newsoms allegedly breached, and those documents were admitted into

evidence. The trial court found that these documents do not set forth any contractual

obligations on the part of the Newsoms. The record supports this conclusion.

Consequently, the trial court did not err in concluding there was no support in the

pleadings or evidence for Castaneda’s breach of contract claim.

                                 III.   Conclusion

      We resolve all of Castaneda’s issues against her and affirm the trial court’s

judgment.

                                           /Dennise Garcia/
                                           DENNISE GARCIA
221294F.P05                                JUSTICE

                                        –11–
                                    S
                            Court of Appeals
                     Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                   JUDGMENT

TERESA CASTANEDA AND                           On Appeal from the 160th Judicial
GUADALUPE CASTANEDA,                           District Court, Dallas County, Texas
Appellants                                     Trial Court Cause No. DC-20-15852.
                                               Opinion delivered by Justice Garcia.
No. 05-22-01294-CV           V.                Justices Partida-Kipness and
                                               Pedersen, III participating.
LARRY RAY NEWSOM,
CAROLYN SUE NEWSOM, AND
ABACUS FUNDING GROUP, LLC,
Appellees

       In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial
court is AFFIRMED.

    It is ORDERED that appellee LARRY RAY NEWSOM, CAROLYN SUE
NEWSOM recover their costs of this appeal from appellant TERESA
CASTANEDA AND GUADALUPE CASTANEDA.

Judgment entered March 20, 2024.

                                        –12–