Court Opinion

ID: 4652347
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-01-19 21:00:33.819115+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:01:46.948624
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JAN 19 2021
                                                                     MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No.   19-50198

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                2:17-cr-00378-ODW-2
 v.

TOMARI AHMON CASELLAS,                          MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant-Appellant.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No.   19-50209

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                2:17-cr-00378-ODW-4
 v.

RICHARD DANELLE DURDEN, AKA
Daniel, AKA Richard Durden, AKA John
Jones, AKA Malik R. Kirkland AKA John
Mack,

                Defendant-Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Central District of California
                   Otis D. Wright II, District Judge, Presiding

                           Submitted January 14, 2021**

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
                                Pasadena, California

Before: CALLAHAN and WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and RAKOFF,*** District
Judge.

      Tomari A. Casellas and Richard D. Durden were convicted and sentenced

for their involvement in a fraudulent identification scheme. Casellas was

convicted of conspiracy to commit access device fraud and of aggravated identify

theft based on that conspiracy. 18 U.S.C. §§ 1029(b)(2), 1028A. Durden was also

convicted of those offenses, along with two counts of access device fraud, 18

U.S.C. § 1029(a)(2), and two additional counts of aggravated identify theft. We

have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.1

      1. The district court did not violate Casellas’s speedy trial rights. Although

the Speedy Trial Act generally requires a defendant to be tried within seventy days

of his initial appearance or indictment, 18 U.S.C. § 3161(c)(1), it excludes from

this period reasonable continuances granted to a codefendant, United States v.

Lewis, 611 F.3d 1172, 1176 (9th Cir. 2010) (discussing 18 U.S.C. § 3161(h)(6)).

The reasonableness inquiry turns on the totality of the circumstances, including

      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Jed S. Rakoff, United States District Judge for the
Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.
      1
            Because the parties are familiar with the facts of this case, we do not
discuss them at length here.

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whether a continuance is needed to preserve the possibility of a joint trial. Id.

Such was the case here. In stipulating to the challenged continuances, a

codefendant stated that her counsel needed more time to familiarize herself with

recent and voluminous discovery. Unless the court wanted that party to proceed

unprepared, it had two choices: sever or continue the trials. Since severances are

disfavored in conspiracy cases, United States v. Jenkins, 633 F.3d 788, 807 (9th

Cir. 2011), and no party requested one, the court reasonably decided to grant the

continuances.

      Casellas protests that the delay was really aimed at allowing the codefendant

to avoid a joint trial. He likens his case to United States v. Hall, 181 F.3d 1057,

1062 (9th Cir. 1999), where we found unreasonable a continuance premised on

allowing a codefendant to complete plea negotiations. Here, however, the delay

allowed the codefendant to prepare for trial in case “a pretrial resolution does not

occur.” It does not matter that she wound up pleading guilty; the continuances

preserved the “possibility” of joint proceedings. United States v. Messer, 197 F.3d

330, 338 (9th Cir. 1999) (emphasis added); see also Lewis, 611 F.3d at 1178.

Moreover, the court had released Casellas on bond well before granting the

opposed continuances, which further supports finding that they were reasonable.

See, e.g., Messer, 197 F.3d at 340.

      2. The district court properly instructed the jury on the elements of the

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conspiracy’s object, access device fraud. Because Casellas jointly proposed the

instructions, he waived challenging them on appeal. See United States v. Cain, 130

F.3d 381, 383-84 (9th Cir. 1997); see also United States v. Guthrie, 931 F.2d 564,

567 (9th Cir. 1991). And, in any event, the court did provide the jury with access

device fraud’s elements, albeit in its instructions concerning Durden’s charges for

that crime. The placement of an instruction elsewhere does not render the

instructions erroneous, so long as the jury would have understood them on the

whole. See United States v. Moran, 493 F.3d 1002, 1009 (9th Cir. 2017); see also

9th Cir. Model Crim. Jury Instr. 8.20 cmt. (2019) (directing courts to provide the

jury with the elements of the conspiracy’s object “if other jury instructions do

not”). Taken together, the instructions here apprised the jury of the necessary

information.

      3. Sufficient evidence supported Durden’s convictions for aggravated

identify theft, which requires the defendant to have known that the fraudulent

“means of identification at issue belonged to another person.” Flores-Figueroa v.

United States, 556 U.S. 646, 657 (2009) (discussing 18 U.S.C. § 1028A). When

Durden applied for and opened a jewelry-store credit card under a victim’s name,

he supplied the store with the victim’s social security number, address, birthdate,

and employment information. A rational juror could have inferred that Durden

would not have applied for and expected approval of his application unless the

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information he provided was real. In addition, several recordings of Durden’s

phone calls with Casellas indicate that Durden possessed the requisite knowledge

of his victims. For example, he mentioned that there were “no victims” when he

applied for another card on a separate occasion, as “they cancelled the card before

it got to the dude.”

      4. Finally, we reject Durden’s double jeopardy challenge to his convictions

for aggravated identify theft. 18 U.S.C. § 1028A punishes the use of another’s

means of identification “during and in relation to” certain predicate offenses.

Arguing that the evidence tied him to only two uses of someone else’s

identification, Durden asserts that one of his three § 1028A convictions was

multiplicitous, even if there were three distinct predicate offenses. He cites no

controlling authority in support of this argument, however. Thus, even assuming

that the district court erred, it did not do so plainly.2 See United States v. Gonzalez

Becerra, 784 F.3d 514, 518 (9th Cir. 2015).

      AFFIRMED.

      2
             Because we affirm Durden’s § 1028A convictions on plain-error
grounds, we need not address whether, as the government argues, the trial evidence
established that he had used another’s means of identification on other occasions.

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