Court Opinion

ID: 7232711
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-25 04:31:56.594865+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:38:36.943589
License: Public Domain

OPINION AND ORDER
THOMAS W. THRASH, JR., District Judge.
This is a breach of contract action. It is before the Court on the Defendant’s *1378Motion to Compel [Doc. 103], the Defendant’s Motion for Extension of Time to Move for Summary Judgment on the Grounds That Plaintiff has Suffered no Actual Damages. [Doc. 131], the Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 134], the Plaintiff’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment [Doc. 150 and Doc. 167], the Defendant’s Motion .for Leave to File Declarations Authenticating Expert Reports [Doc, 196], the Defendant’s Motion for Leave to File a Sur-' Reply in Opposition to Plaintiffs Motion for Partial Summary Judgment [Doc. 197], arid the Defendant’s Motion to Exclude Opinions and Testimony of Dr. Seamas Grant [Doc.' 210 and Doc. ;230]. For the reasons stated below, the Defendant’s Motion to Compel, the Defendant’s Motion for Extension of Time, the Defendant’s Motion for Leave to File Declarations, and the Defendant’s Motion to Exclude Opinions and Testimony of Dr. Grant are DENIED as moot. The Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED. The Plaintiffs Motion for Partial Summary Judgment is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. The Defendant’s Motion for Leave to File a Sur-Reply is DENIED.
I. Background
The Plaintiff, Chemence Medical Products, Inc., manufactures medical adhesives.1 The Defendant, Medline Industries, Inc., distributes medical products.2 On- August 1, 2010, Medline and Chemence entered into a Supply Agreement (“the Agreement”), under which Chemence would supply a surgical closure adhesive to Medline.3 The Agreement provided. that Chemence, would supply “a 2-octyl cya-noacrylate surgical closure adhesive with the exact specifications, or substantially similar specifications” as those set forth in the Agreement.4 Chemence sold that product to Medline under the trade name Octylséal, but also manufactured the same product under two other names — Der-ma + Flex QS and Sure + Close II — consistent with the Agreement.5
The Agreement’s terms required Med-line to pay Chemence $400,000 upon FDA approval of the product and an additional $227,000 upon execution of the Agreement.6 Under the Agreement, Medline was required to purchase a minimum annual amount of the product and, as long as Medline met that requirement, Chemence was required to supply the product for a fixed transfer price of $5.50 through December 31, 2012.7 After December 31, 2012, Chemence could increase the transfer price annually to reflect changes in raw material, labor costs, and manufacturing, providéd it gave Medlirie thirty days’ notice.8 The Agreement then gave Medline the right to reject price increases and terminate the contract upon thirty days’ notice, with no further liability.9
On November 28, 2012, Chemence notified Medline that sales of Octylseál could be subject to a 2.3% federal excise tax on medical devices.10 Medline expressed concern about Chemence passing this cost to Medline.11 On December 20, 2012, Che-*1379menee informed Medline that it would add 13 cents per unit to the cost of Oetylseal as a charge for the excise tax.12 Medline responded on the same day, stating that it did not believe the Agreement allowed the charge.13 Chemence replied that it would review the Agreement, but that Medline was “given notice on November 28th that the tax (as a price increase) would take effect on January 1st.”14 Medline further responded that nothing in Section 5.6 of the Agreement (the section governing price increases) allowed for an increase based on taxes.15 Chemence then stated on December 28, 2012, that “[e]ven though the Federally Mandated Tax is not a price increase per se, its absorption ... would amount to a price decrease 'which can be reasonably argued as being the same thing and having the same effect.”16 Additionally, Chemence informed Medline that the increase was proper because notice had been given on November 28.17 Medline subsequently rejected the increase in cost.18 Chemence then told Medline that if it did not pay the tax, the amount would become overdue and Chemence would eventually stop shipping the product.19 On January 30, 2013, Medline requested to inspect Ch'emence’s books and records, as allowed under the Agreement, and reserved its right to terminate the contract if Chemence did not rescind imposition of the .tax.20
Chemence then filed its initial complaint in this matter on February 15, -2013, seeking a declaratory judgment as to whether the tax was ^federally mandated payment or a permissible price increase.21 On February 19, 2013, Medline notified Chemence that it would terminate the Agreement in thirty days, .pursuant to. Section 5.6 of the Agreement, the section governing price increases.22 Chemence responded, stating that it difl -not believe Medline had a right to terminate the Agreement and that it would honor Medline’s orders through March 20, 2013.23 Then, on March 7, 2013, Medline sent a letter stating that it rescinded its termination of the Agreement and forwarded a purchase order for the month of May.24 On March 8, 2013, Che-mence wrote to Medline that it would not accept the May purchase order because the-Agreement wás due to terminate on March 21, 2013.25 On' March 19, 2013, Medline informed its sales representatives, through an internet portal and through email, that Oetylseal would no,longer be available from Chemence.26 On March 26, 2013, Chemence issued a press release, stating that it would discontinue manufacturing Oetylseal and replace it with 'an identical product — derma+flex QS.27 Che-mence then finished shipping Oetylseal for *1380Medline’s April purchase order on May 29, 2013.28 Following fulfillment of the April order, Chemence had 953 extra cases of Octylseal remaining, which it then sold to Medline.29 After those 953 cases, Che-mence no longer made Octylseal available to Medline.30
This Court has already found that the excise tax did not qualify either as a permissible price increase under the Agreement or a federally mandated payment. Remaining before this Court are Che-mence’s claim for breach of contract and Medline’s counterclaims for breach of contract. Both parties move for summary judgment on Chemence’s claim, and Che-mence moves for summary judgment on Medline’s counterclaims.
II. Legal Standard
Summary judgment is appropriate only when the pleadings, depositions, and affidavits submitted by the parties show no genuine issue of material fact exists and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.31 The court should view the evidence and any inferences that may be drawn in the light most favorable to the nonmovant.32 The party seeking summary judgment must first identify grounds to show the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.33 The burden then shifts to the nonmovant, who must go beyond the pleadings and present affirmative evidence to show that a genuine issue of material fact does exist.34 “A mere ‘scintilla’ of evidence supporting the opposing party’s position will not suffice; there must be a sufficient showing that the jury could reasonably find for that party.”35
III. Discussion
A. Cross Motions for Summary Judgment on Chemence’s Claim
Medline moves for summary judgment on Chemence’s claims for breach of contract, arguing that it could not have breached the contract because it simply exercised its right to terminate, as allowed under the Agreement. Additionally, Med-line argues that it did not breach the Agreement by selling other surgical glues. Chemence also moves for summary judgment on its breach of contract claims, agreeing with Medline that the facts are not in dispute. To determine whether Medline breached the contract, the Court must construe the Agreement. If a contract is unambiguous, courts enforce it as written.36 When a court finds an ambiguity, however, it must attempt to resolve that ambiguity using the rules of construction.37 The contract is considered as a whole and should be interpreted so that its parts all harmonize.38 Courts should give reasonable, lawful, and effective meaning to the provisions of the contract, avoiding unreasonable interpretations.39
*1381This Court finds that Medline did not breach the Agreement by giving a notice of termination following Chemence’s attempt to impose the excise tax. Where a party simply exercises its rights under a contract, there is no breach of that contract.40 The plain lánguage of the contract allows Medline to terminate the Agreement following the imposition of a price increase. Here, it is undisputed that the tax would increase the amount paid by Medline to Chemence. Additionally, Che-mence gave thirty days’ notice before imposing the tax, as required by Section 5.6 of the Agreement — the section governing price increases.41 Chemence also stated that the tax would have the same effect as a price increase.42 Chemence cannot have it both ways. It treated the imposition of the tax like a price increase, and Medline responded by exercising its rights under the Agreement in the case of a price increase. Chemence cannot now argue that Medline breached the Agreement when Medline simply responded to Chemence’s actions as allowed under that contract. Furthermore, if this Court were to hold that'Medline breached the contract by terminating following an impermissible price increase, it would create the absurd result whereby Medline could terminate the contract if Chemence raised the price legitimately, but not if it raised the price illegitimately. This Court therefore finds that Medline did not breach the contract by exercising its right to terminate following notice of a price increase.
Additionally, Medline did not breach the Agreement by selling Derma-bond and Surgiseal. Chemence is correct that the Agreement defines “Product” as “a 2-octyl cyanoacrylate surgical closure adhesive with the exact specifications, or substantially similar specifications, as those attached hereto on Exhibit A, under any or no trade name or brand.”43 Although Chemence argues that this definition includes similar surgical glue products such as Dermabond and Surgiseal, the use of the term “Product” at other places in the Agreement indicates otherwise. For example, Section 5.1 of the Agreement requires Medline to pay Chemence a fixed sum “[u]pon FDA 510(k) Regulatory Approval of the Product.”44 If Chemence’s argument were correct, Medline would have been required to pay Chemence upon FDA approval of Dermabond ■ and Surgi-seal, products that are not.even manufactured by Chemence. Of course this cannot be the case. Taking the definition provision in isolation, Chemence’s position might have merit, but reading the contract as a whole, “Product” includes only Octyl-seal in the formulation described in the Agreement or a substantially similar formulation. Medline therefore did not breach the contract by selling Dermabond and Surgiseal. Medline’s motion for summary judgment should be granted, and Chemence’s motion for summary judgment on its breach of contract claim should be denied. Medline objects to the Battisti Declaration filed by Chemence in response to Medline’s motion for summary judgment. The Court finds that paragraph 11 of that Declaration contains a legal conclusion. ' The objection to that paragraph is therefore sustained. The remaining objections are overruled.
Because this Court grants summary judgment to Medline on Chemence’s claims for breach of contract, Medline’s *1382motion to compel on the issue of damages is now moot. Medline’s motion for extension of time to move for summary judgment on the issue of damages is also moot. Additionally, because this Court finds no need to reference Medline’s expert reports to. determine that “substantially similar” does not include products such as Derma-bond and Surgiseal, Medline’s motion for leave to file declarations authenticating expert reports is now moot as well. For the same reasons, Medline’s objections to the Lynch Declaration and Raeh Declaration, as well as its motion to exclude Dr. Grant’s testimony are moot'.
B. Chemence’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment
Chemence also moves for summary judgment on two of Medline’s counterclaims. First, Chemence moves for summary judgment on Medline’s counterclaim for breach of Section 15.2 of the Agreement. Section 15.2 provides that the parties will not issue'any oral or written publicity regarding the performance or amendment of the Agreement unless there is prior agreement.45 Chemence . argues either that any alleged breach took place after the termination of the Agreement, or that Medline waived any claim for breach by making its own public statement. Che-mence is entitled to summary judgment on this claim for two reasons. First, Medline agrees that Section 15.2 did not survive termination of the Agreement.46 Medline sent its Notice of Intent to Terminate the Agreement on February 19, 2013, stating that the Agreement would terminate on March 21, 2013. Georgia law allows the repudiating party to retract its repudiation unless the other party has “canceled or materially changed his position or otherwise indicated that he considers the repudiation final.”47 ■ Although Medline attempted to rescind its termination on March 7, by that point, Chemence had already treated the contract as terminated. By that point, Chemence had already filed its amended, complaint for breach of contract in this matter, indicating both a material change in position and that it treated the repudiation as final. By the time Che-mence made its public statement on March 26, 2013, therefore, the Agreement was no longer in effect and Section 15.2 did not apply. Furthermore, Medline made statements to its sales representatives on March 19 regarding the termination of the Agreement. •' Those statements were intended to inform customers why Medline would no longer be selling' Octylseal. Regardless of when the Agreement terminated, therefore, Medline waived any claim under Section 15.2 by making its own statement. Chemence’s motion for summary judgment on that claim should be granted.
Second, Chemence moves for summary judgment on Medline’s counterclaim for Chemence’s failure to timely ship product. Chemence argues that the claim has been waived pursuant to the clause in the contract that bars the recovery of consequential damages in most circumstances. That clause, Section 11.2 of the Agreement, states that neither party shall “be liable to the other for consequential damages even if either party has been advised of the possibility of such damages” except in the case of breach of the exclusivity provisions or third party indemnity claims.48 The alleged breach here, failure to deliver shipments on time, is not related to exclusivity, so there is no dispute that *1383the clause applies. Medline does not dispute that it cannot recover consequential damages for this alleged breach.49 The parties dispute, however, whether Medline suffered any direct damages as a result of the breach. Summary judgment on Med-line’s counterclaim for breach of contract resulting from late shipments should therefore be denied.
C. Medline’s Motion for Leave to File a Surreply
Medline moves for leave to file a surreply in opposition to Chemence’s motion for partial summary judgment on the ground that Chemence raised new arguments in its reply in support of its motion for summary judgment. Generally, surre-plies are not authorized and may only be filed under unusual circumstances, such as when a party raises new arguments in a reply brief.50 If, however, the new arguments simply respond to arguments raised in a response brief, no surreply is warranted.51 Here, both arguments that Medline claims are new merely respond to arguments raised by Medline in its response brief. No surreply is warranted, and Med-line’s motion should be denied. Medline also objects to the Wilson Declaration on the ground that it raises the same new arguments. Because the Court finds that the arguments are not new, it overrules that objection.
IV. Conclusion
For the reasons stated above, the Defendant’s Motion to Compel [Doc. 1033 is DENIED as moot, the Defendant’s Motion for Extension of Time to Move for Summary Judgment on the Grounds That Plaintiff has Suffered no Actual Damages [Doc. 131] is DENIED as moot, the Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Doe. 134] is GRANTED, the Plaintiffs Motion for Partial Summary Judgment [Doc. 150 and Doc. 167] is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part, the Defendant’s Motion for Leave to File Declarations Authenticating Expert Reports [Doc. 196] is DENIED as moot, the Defendant’s Motion for Leave to File a Sur-Reply in Opposition to Plaintiffs Motion for Partial Summary Judgment [Doc. 197] is DENIED, and the Defendant’s Motion to Exclude Opinions and. Testimony of Dr. Seamas Grant [Doc. 210 and Doc. 230] is DENIED as moot.

. Def.’s Statement of Facts in Supp. of its Mot. for Summ: J. ¶ 1.

. Id.

. Id. 12.

. Id.

. Id. ¶¶ 5, 7, 9, 10.

. IdA 14.

. Id. ¶¶ 15-16.

. IdA 17.

. Id. ¶ 18.

. IdA 46.

. IdA 47.

. Id. ¶ 48.

. Id. ¶ 49.

. Id. ¶ 50.

. Id. ¶ 51.

. Id. ¶ 52.

. Id.

. Id. ¶¶ 53, 54.

. Id. ¶ 55.

. Id. ¶ 58.

. Id:59-61.

. Id. ¶ 65.

. Pl.'s Resp. to Def.’s Statement of Facts in Supp. of its Mot. for Summ. J. 1! 66.

. Def.'s Statement of Facts in Supp. of its Mot, for Summ. J. ¶¶ 67-68.

. Id. ¶70.

. Pl.’s Statement of Facts in Supp. of its Mot. for Partial Summ. J. ¶¶ 170-71.

. Def.'s Statement of Facts in Supp. of its Mot. for Summ. J. ¶ 72,

. Id. ¶ 73.

. Id.n 75-76.

. Id. ¶ 77.

. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).

. Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 158-59, 90 S.Ct. 1598, 26 L.Ed.2d 142 (1970).

. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323-24, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986).

. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 257, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986).

. Walker v. Darby, 911 F.2d 1573, 1577 (11th Cir.1990).

. Thomas v. B & I Lending, LLC, 261 Ga. App. 39, 41, 581 S.E.2d 631 (2003).

. Id. at 41-42, 581 S.E.2d 631.

. Id. at 42, 581 S.E.2d 631.

. Id.

. Heritage Creek Dev. Corp. v. Colonial Bank, 268 Ga.App. 369, 374, 601 S.E.2d 842 (2004).

. Def.’s Statement of Facts in Supp. of its Mot. for Summ. J. ¶ 52.

. Id.

. Pl,'s Mot. for Partial Summ. J., Ex. 1.

. Id., Ex. 1, § 5.1(a)(i).

. Pl.’s Mot. for Partial Summ. J., Ex. 1, § 15.2.

. Def.’s Resp. in Opp’n to Pl.'s Mot. for Partial Summ. J., at 47.

. O.C.G.A. § 11-2-611(1).

. Pl.’s Mot. for Partial Summ. J., Ex. 1, § 11.2.

. Def.’s Resp. in Opp’n to Pl.’s Mot. for Partial Summ. J., at 48.

. Roelle v. Cobb Cnty. Sch. Dist, No, 1:13— cv-3045-WSD, 2014 WL 4457235, at *9 (N.D.Ga. Sept. 10, 2014).

. Id.