Court Opinion

ID: 892489
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-06-05 18:39:03.912397+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:51:40.424400
License: Public Domain

1       IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

 2 CITY OF SANTA FE,

 3         Plaintiff-Appellant,

 4 v.                                                NO. 28,944

 5 TRAVELERS CASUALTY
 6 & SURETY COMPANY,

 7         Defendant-Appellee,

 8 and

 9 LONE MOUNTAIN
10 CONTRACTING, INC.,

11         Defendant.

12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SANTA FE COUNTY
13 Daniel A. Sanchez, District Judge

14   Sheehan, Sheehan & Stelzner, P.A.
15   Timothy M. Sheehan
16   Jaime L. Dawes
17   Albuquerque, NM

18 for Appellant

19   Keleher & McLeod, P.A.
20   Ann M. Conway
21   Deron B. Knoner
22   Albuquerque, NM

23 for Appellee
 1                             MEMORANDUM OPINION

 2 CASTILLO, Judge.

 3        The City of Santa Fe hired Lone Mountain Contracting, Inc. to repair a water

 4 tank. As part of that arrangement Lone Mountain was required to post a performance

 5 bond, which was posted by Travelers Casualty & Surety Co. At some point, the City

 6 determined that the work had not been up to standard. [RP 1-5; DS 2-4] The bond

 7 contains a two-year time to sue provision, [RP 7, ¶ 9] but the statute of limitations for

 8 claims under bonds is six years. See NMSA 1978, § 37-1-3 (1975).

 9        The City filed this declaratory judgment action seeking to establish that the

10 longer statute of limitation applied. [RP 1-5] The court granted summary judgment

11 determining that the two-year provision in the contract applies, and the City appeals.

12 Our notice proposed to affirm.        The City has filed a timely memorandum in

13 opposition, and Defendant Travelers has filed a timely memorandum in support. We

14 have considered the arguments in the City’s memorandum, but we are not persuaded.

15 We affirm.

16 DISCUSSION

17        “Summary judgment is appropriate where there are no genuine issues of

18 material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. . . . We review

19 these legal questions de novo.” Self v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 1998-NMSC-046,

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 1 ¶ 6, 126 N.M. 396, 970 P.2d 582 (citation omitted).

 2 A.     Public Policy

 3        The City argues that public policy precludes reliance on a time-to-sue provision

 4 that sets a shorter time frame than the statute of limitations. The City has recognized

 5 that some of our appellate cases have refused to enforce a time-to-sue provision, but

 6 others have enforced such an agreement. [DS 7-8] Our notice proposed to hold that

 7 this case is governed by State ex rel. Udall v. Colonial Penn Ins. Co., 112 N.M. 123,

 8 812 P.2d 777 (1991). That case involved a performance bond with a three-year time-

 9 to-sue provision and the State’s argument that it should not be applied because it

10 would violate public policy. The public policy advanced there, as here, was that the

11 protection of the public fisc required that the longer, statutory limitations period be

12 applied. See id. at 125-26, 812 P.2d at 779-80. Our Supreme Court rejected that

13 argument, reasoning that parties are free to contract, and having clearly expressed a

14 time-to-sue provision, will be bound by it. See id. We believe we are bound to follow

15 Udall. See Alexander v. Delgado, 84 N.M. 717, 718, 507 P.2d 778, 779 (1973)

16 (stating that this Court must follow precedents of our Supreme Court). Because we

17 have New Mexico authority on point, we are not inclined to follow the Minnesota and

18 Maryland cases cited in its docketing statement [DS 8] holding that a time limitation

19 in a bond is against public policy.

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 1        We recognize that Sandoval v. Valdez, 91 N.M. 705, 580 P.2d 131 (Ct. App.

 2 1978), declined to enforce a one-year time-to-sue provision in an auto insurance

 3 policy because it violated public policy. Sandoval involved a one-year limitation and

 4 a public policy of critical importance: uninsured motorist coverage. See id. at 708,

 5 580 P.2d at 134. By contrast, here there is a two-year time-to-sue provision, no claim

 6 that the contract was one of adhesion [Tr. 13] [Note: Transcript references are to the

 7 partial transcript attached to the City’s docketing statement], and the public policy

 8 claim is based on potential injury to the public fisc. That, however, has already been

 9 rejected as a sufficiently weighty interest to create a public policy exception. See

10 Udall, 112 N.M. at 125-26, 812 P.2d at 779-80. The City contends that this case is

11 more like Sandoval, [MIO 3, 9-10], but we are not persuaded. Sandoval deals with

12 a short limitations period in an automobile insurance contract made between parties

13 with unequal bargaining power.           By contrast, Udall deals with whether a

14 governmental entity is bound by a limitations period in a performance bond. Udall

15 is more on point.

16        The City argued below, and argues in its memorandum in opposition, that it did

17 not “execute or enter into the contract containing the two-year limitations period,” and

18 “is not a party to the performance bond.” [RP 146, MIO 5-6] We disagree. The City

19 entered into the contract with the contractor, required a bond, and the bond itself states

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 1 that Travelers and the contractor “bind themselves” to the City, “for the performance

 2 of the Construction Contract, which is incorporated herein by reference.” [RP 150,

 3 ¶ 1] The bond was required by statute, and the statute requiring a bond for public

 4 projects states that the bond shall be delivered to the state agency or local public body

 5 and “shall become binding on the parties upon the execution of the contract.” See

 6 NMSA 1978, § 13-4-18(A) (1987). Consequently, under the language of the contract,

 7 and under the relevant statute, the City is a party to and is bound by the bond.

 8        In its memorandum, the City argues that this case is distinguishable from Udall

 9 because the City did not negotiate the terms of the bond. [MIO 5] We are not

10 persuaded. Udall considered the same argument and rejected it. See Udall, 112 N.M.

11 at 127, 812 P.2d at 781 (“Even if, as the state claims, it did not negotiate actively over

12 the [bond] provisions, the limitations on the right to sue were part of the agreement

13 and represented part of the consideration.”). Therefore, whether the City actively

14 negotiated the terms of the bond is not the critical fact. In our view, the dispositive

15 facts are that the City had the opportunity to negotiate and ultimately entered into the

16 contract. The City does not dispute that it had the opportunity to review the bond and

17 that it expressed no disagreement with it. The comments of the City’s counsel even

18 suggest that it was reviewed by someone at the City who just did not catch the shorter

19 limitations period (or perhaps that the contract and bond language was not reviewed

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 1 at all). [Tr. 13: “The City of Santa Fe is made up of a lot of people who do the best

 2 every day to perform city services . . . . ”] Because the City had the opportunity to

 3 review the bond and ultimately entered into the contract, which included the bond, the

 4 City is bound by the terms of the bond.

 5        Additionally, our notice proposed to hold that, since the City claims that it is

 6 entitled to recover against the bond, it is incongruous to argue that it is not a party to

 7 it and is not bound in any way by the bond. In its memorandum, the City argues that

 8 it is not incongruous. It argues that it is a third-party beneficiary and can enforce bond

 9 provisions as such without necessarily being a party to the bond. [MIO 6] We

10 disagree. In support of this argument the City cites case law about third-party

11 beneficiaries in general. However, these cases do not involve a public entity as a

12 third-party beneficiary to a bond. More importantly, as we have discussed, the City

13 was bound as a party by the terms of bond. The City is not a third-party beneficiary.

14        Finally, the City argues that statutory bonds are for the benefit and protection

15 of the public and that the bond obligations are strictly construed in favor of the

16 beneficiaries of the bonds. [DS 7] We accept that as a general proposition, but neither

17 the general purpose nor the rule requiring construction in favor of the beneficiary

18 overrides Udall, or the plain language of the parties’ contract.

19        For all of these reasons, we hold that the bond is part of the City’s construction

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 1 contract, and the City is bound by that contract. In our view, the Supreme Court’s

 2 opinion in Udall is dispositive. We believe the City’s arguments that Udall is

 3 distinguishable are more appropriately addressed to our Supreme Court.              See

 4 Alexander, 84 N.M. at 718, 507 P.2d at 779 (stating that this Court must follow

 5 precedents of our Supreme Court). We, however, are not persuaded by the City’s

 6 attempt to distinguish Udall.

 7 B.     Immaterial Factual Issues

 8        The City also contends that the court’s comments, made during the summary

 9 judgment hearing, indicate that there are disputed issues of material fact and,

10 therefore, summary judgment is inappropriate. [DS 6, 8-9; MIO 10-15] These

11 comments consist of the court asking if the City had to approve the bid package

12 including the bond form [Tr. 8] and counsel for the City asserting that he did not know

13 if the City had reviewed an executed copy of the bond, or he did not think that the City

14 had [Tr. 12, MIO 11], a question about the premium paid [Tr. 13], and the court’s

15 ruling. [Tr. 20-21]

16        These comments do not create a genuine issue of material fact. These

17 comments were general questions about the bid process or indicated the court’s

18 thought process in resolving the case. The lone comment from the City’s counsel

19 about whether the “executed” copy of the bond was reviewed by someone at the City

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 1 does not raise an issue of fact because the speaker does not appear to know what

 2 happened or to have any personal knowledge. Moreover, as we have discussed, the

 3 point is not whether the bond was reviewed, but whether the City had the opportunity

 4 to review the contract and whether the City was bound by the contract. As we have

 5 discussed under Udall, once the contract was executed and the bond was delivered,

 6 the City was bound by the bond’s two-year limitation on lawsuits.

 7        The asserted factual issues surrounding the making of the contract, even if

 8 somewhat disputed or undeveloped, were not material. See Oschwald v. Christie, 95

 9 N.M. 251, 253, 620 P.2d 1276, 1278 (1980) (stating that it is not enough that there are

10 factual issues because issues must be material; immaterial facts create no triable

11 issue). The facts that the City attempts to create are nothing more than gloss on the

12 obvious facts that the City made and signed the contract. Beyond that, the facts

13 underlying that process or decision, including whether someone from the City was not

14 as careful in reviewing the contract as he or she should have been, do not appear to be

15 relevant or material. See id.

16        In its memorandum the City disagrees with this reasoning. It argues that it is

17 not an “obvious fact” that the City “made and signed the contract.” [MIO 13] We are

18 not persuaded. Again, the City relies on the contract and bond when it is to its

19 advantage—and it brought this declaratory action so that it could do so. The City’s

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 1 contract with the contractor required a bond by law, the City had the opportunity to

 2 review the bond, and the City obtained its bond. The contract was made and the

 3 project was completed. Contrary to the City’s argument, the City entered into the

 4 contract. Therefore, the facts underlying the process leading up to the execution of

 5 the contract, on which the City now relies in an attempt to create a disputed issue, do

 6 not establish a genuine issue of material fact.

 7        For all of these reasons, we affirm.

 8        IT IS SO ORDERED.

 9                                                   ________________________________
10                                                   CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Judge

11 WE CONCUR:

12 ________________________________
13 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Chief Judge

14 ________________________________
15 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge

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