Court Opinion

ID: 4579735
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-10-22 18:10:53.1184+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:28:14.386339
License: Public Domain

J-A10022-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    AISHA MONROE                               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellant               :
                                               :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    CBH20, LP, D/B/A CAMELBACK SKI             :   No. 1862 EDA 2019
    RESORT D/B/A CAMELBACK SKI                 :
    CORPORATION                                :

                   Appeal from the Order Dated May 16, 2019
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County Civil Division at No(s):
                                 8184-CV-2016

BEFORE:      BOWES, J., SHOGAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.:                                 Filed: October 22, 2020

        Appellant, Aisha Monroe (“Monroe”), appeals from the May 16, 2019

order dismissing with prejudice all of her claims against CBH20, LP, d/b/a

Camelback Ski Resort d/b/a Camelback Ski Corporation (“Camelback”) in the

underlying personal-injury action. After review, we affirm.

        In Monroe’s First Amended Complaint, she alleged that on September

26, 2015, she engaged in zip-lining at Camelback. First Amended Complaint,

1/25/17, at ¶¶ 3-5. She stated that on her first round of using the zip-line,

there were no issues. Id. at ¶ 7. However, on her second round, Monroe

claimed that the Camelback employee who was assisting riders at the top of

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A10022-20

the hill was different from the person who assisted her on her first round. Id.

at ¶ 8. Monroe stated that she asked this person to decrease the speed of the

zip-line. Id. at ¶¶ 8-10. Monroe averred that her request was ignored, and

when she descended the zip-line the second time, the Camelback employee

assisting riders at the bottom of the hill failed to help her stop safely on the

platform. Id. at ¶¶ 10-11.    Monroe complained that she injured her legs

severely upon conclusion of her descent. Id. at ¶ 12. Monroe asserted that

Camelback’s employees failed to assist her, and the on-site medical support

believed she had broken her ankle. Id. at ¶¶ 13-15. Monroe stated that she

was taken by ambulance to Pocono Medical Center and diagnosed with a

broken fibula and tibia. Id. at ¶¶ 16-17. Monroe asserted that her injuries

were caused by Camelback’s negligence, and as a result of these injuries, she

incurred substantial medical expenses, emotional distress, and preclusion

from her daily activities. Id. at ¶¶ 17-18.

      The trial court set forth the procedural history in this case as follows:

            [Monroe] filed a Complaint on June 26, 2016 in Philadelphia
      County. The case was transferred to Monroe County on November
      7, 2016. Upon [Camelback’s] preliminary objections, [Monroe]
      amended her Complaint on January 25, 2017, alleging a single
      count of negligence against [Camelback]. (Compl. ¶ 19-22.) In
      [Monroe’s] single count Complaint for negligence, she at one point
      describes [Camelback’s] actions as “recklessness, carelessness
      and negligence.” (Compl. ¶ 21) (emphasis added). Notably, the
      immediately following list of alleged wrongs included terms
      typically reserved for negligence claims, such as “properly” and
      “reasonable prudence,” and omitted terms typically reserved for
      a recklessness claim, such as “conscious disregard.” Id.

                                      -2-
J-A10022-20

           On March 29, 2017, [Camelback] filed an Answer, New
     Matter, and Counterclaim with an “Activity Release and
     Agreement Not to Sue” [form] allegedly signed by [Monroe],
     attached as Exhibit A. On April 12, 2017, [Monroe] filed her Reply
     to New Matter and Answer in which she admitted that she indeed
     executed the “Activity Release and Agreement Not to Sue.” A Case
     Management Order was issued June 16, 2017, with a final
     discovery deadline of November 7, 2017. Neither party requested
     an extension of our discovery deadlines.

          On January 8, 2018 [Camelback] filed [its] first Motion for
     Summary Judgment. [Camelback] argued that [Monroe’s] single
     count for negligence was waived by her “Activity Release and
     Agreement Not to Sue” form, executed on September 26, 2015.
     In an abundance of caution, this [c]ourt denied [Camelback’s]
     Motion for Summary Judgment by Order on June 13, 2018, on the
     grounds that recklessness was alleged in [Monroe’s] Complaint.

           On April 6, 2018, [Monroe] filed an uncontested motion for
     compulsory, nonbinding arbitration. Following one continuance,
     the parties commenced with arbitration on October 17, 2018. The
     panel of three arbitrators announced their decision on October 17,
     2018[,] finding for [Camelback] on [Monroe’s] Complaint and
     against [Camelback] on its Counterclaim. [Monroe] appealed from
     the arbitrator[s’] decision on November 13, 2018, which once
     again brought the instant action before this [c]ourt. In our Order
     dated November 15, 2018, we directed the Prothonotary to place
     the matter on the April 2019 Civil Trial List.

           [Camelback] filed a Motion in Limine on January 14, 2019,
     arguing [Monroe] should be precluded from referencing any claim
     regarding negligence during trial. In an off-the-record pretrial
     conference before this [c]ourt on March 20, 2019, [Monroe’s]
     counsel represented that [Camelback’s] Motion in Limine would
     proceed unopposed. [Monroe’s] agreement to [Camelback’s]
     motion was noted in our March 20, 2019 Order, granting
     [Camelback’s] Motion in Limine, striking the matter from the April
     2019 trial term, and providing [Camelback’s] counsel thirty days
     in which to file a Motion for Summary Judgment on the issue of
     recklessness.

          [Camelback’s] Motion for Summary Judgment was received
     by this [c]ourt on April 16, 2019. [Camelback] argued for
     judgment on the pleadings due to [Monroe’s] failure to properly

                                   -3-
J-A10022-20

       plead or preserve a recklessness claim. In the alternative,
       [Camelback] argued for summary judgment due to insufficiency
       of evidence showing Camelback was reckless in the maintenance
       or operation of the zip line. [Monroe] filed a Response and Brief in
       Opposition on May 16, 2019. [Monroe] attached as Exhibit A to
       [her] Brief in Opposition an expert report authored by Steve Wolf
       on May 13, 2019. We note that [Monroe’s] pretrial statement, filed
       March 14, 2019 does not indicate there will be expert testimony
       by Steve Wolf, nor does it indicate [Monroe] would seek to have
       Steve Wolf’s expert report admitted as an exhibit at trial. We also
       note that according to the parties’ Case Management Order dated
       June 16, 2017, discovery ended and [Monroe’s] expert reports
       were due on November 7, 2017. As stated above, neither party
       ever requested an extension of our discovery or expert report
       deadlines in this case. On May 16, 2019, we granted
       [Camelback’s] Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings/Motion for
       Summary Judgment.

Trial Court Opinion, 8/16/19, at 1-4.

       On June 17, 2019, Monroe filed a timely appeal.1 Both the trial court

and Monroe complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

       On appeal, Monroe avers that the trial court erred in granting

Camelback’s motions for judgment on the pleadings and summary judgment.

Monroe’s Brief at 15-16. Monroe asserts the trial court erred in concluding

that she failed to file an expert’s report and did not plead recklessness

adequately. Id.

____________________________________________

1The order was entered on May 16, 2019. Monroe filed her notice of appeal
on Monday, June 17, 2019. Because the thirtieth day fell on Saturday, June
15, 2019, the appeal is timely. See Pa.R.A.P. 903(a) (notice of appeal shall
be filed within thirty days of entry of order appealed); see also 1 Pa.C.S. §
1908 (when last day of appeal period falls on Saturday, Sunday, or a legal
holiday, that day is omitted from computation of appeal period).

                                           -4-
J-A10022-20

      The May 16, 2019 order dismissed Monroe’s cause of action against

Camelback, and it granted both Camelback’s motion for judgment on the

pleadings and motion for summary judgment.          Order, 5/16/19.    We are

cognizant that a motion for judgment on the pleadings and a motion for

summary judgment involve similar considerations; “however, the motions

differ in relation to the trial court’s scope of inquiry.” Aubrey v. Precision

Airmotive LLC, 7 A.3d 256, 266 (Pa. Super. 2010).         “While a motion for

judgment on the pleadings is limited to the averments contained in the

pleadings, a motion for summary judgment may rely on outside material

contained in the record.” Id. As will be discussed infra, the trial court first

granted Camelback’s motion for judgment on the pleadings; however, due to

the procedural posture of the case, the trial court granted Camelback’s motion

for summary judgment as an alternate basis for dismissing Monroe’s action.

Order, 5/16/19; Trial Court Opinion, 8/16/19, at 10.

      “Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1034 authorizes entry of judgment

on the pleadings after the pleadings are closed, but within such time as not to

delay trial.” Mellon Bank, N.A. v. National Union Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh,

PA, 768 A.2d 865, 868 (Pa. Super. 2001); Pa.R.C.P. 1034(a). We review an

order granting a motion for judgment on the pleadings as follows:

      [A]ppellate review of a trial court’s decision to grant or deny
      judgment on the pleadings is limited to determining whether the
      trial court committed an error of law or whether there were facts
      presented which warrant a jury trial. In conducting this review,
      we look only to the pleadings and any documents properly
      attached thereto. Judgment on the pleadings is proper only where

                                     -5-
J-A10022-20

       the pleadings evidence that there are no material facts in dispute
       such that a trial by jury would be unnecessary.

              In passing on a challenge to the sustaining of a motion
              for judgment on the pleadings, our standard of review
              is limited. We must accept as true all well pleaded
              statements of fact of the party against whom the
              motion is granted and consider against him only those
              facts that he specifically admits. We will affirm the
              grant of such a motion only when the moving party’s
              right to succeed is certain and the case is so free from
              doubt that the trial would clearly be a fruitless
              exercise.

John T. Gallaher Timber Transfer v. Hamilton, 932 A.2d 963, 967 (Pa.

Super. 2007) (quoting Maryland Cas. Co. v. Odyssey Contracting Corp.,

894 A.2d 750 (Pa. Super. 2006)).

       Prior to addressing the trial court’s rationale for granting Camelback’s

motion for judgment on the pleadings, we briefly address Monroe’s argument

concerning the trial court’s refusal to consider an expert’s report. Monroe’s

Brief at 15. We note that the trial court addressed Monroe’s improper attempt

to supplement the record with the expert report in its analysis of Camelback’s

motion for summary judgment.               Trial Court Opinion, 8/16/19, at 11.2

However, we consider it prudent to address the circumstances surrounding

the attempted filing of the expert report in our discussion concerning the order

granting judgment on the pleadings. If the expert report had been filed as an

____________________________________________

2 As noted, when considering a motion for summary judgment, materials
outside the pleadings may be considered. Aubrey, 7 A.3d at 266.

                                           -6-
J-A10022-20

attachment to a properly filed pleading, the trial court could have considered

it in rendering its decision on Camelback’s motion for judgment on the

pleadings. See John T. Gallaher Timber Transfer, 932 A.2d at 967 (stating

that when reviewing a motion for judgment on pleadings, we look only to the

pleadings and any documents properly attached thereto). Because the

expert report was not attached to a properly filed pleading, but rather to a

brief filed with the trial court, which is neither a pleading,3 nor part of the

record,4 the trial court was not permitted to consider the expert report.5

Accordingly, we proceed with our discussion of the trial court’s order granting

judgment on the pleadings.

        The trial court provided its rationale for granting Camelback’s motion for

judgment on the pleadings as follows:

              [Monroe’s] First Amended Complaint, filed on January 25,
        2017, listed a single count for Negligence/Negligent entrustment.
        [Camelback] responded by raising an affirmative defense in their
        Answer and New Matter, filed on March 29, 2017, based on the
        express exculpatory release provision contained in the Camelback
        “Activity Release and Agreement not to Sue” (“Camelback
        Release”). [Monroe] specifically admitted to signing the
        Camelback Release in her reply to [Camelback’s] Answer and New
        Matter, filed on April 12, 2017. Similar exculpatory releases have
____________________________________________

3   Pa.R.C.P. 1017.

4 See Scopel v. Donegal Mut. Ins. Co., 698 A.2d 602, 606 (Pa. Super.
1997) (discussing the supplementation of the record for purposes of summary
judgment).

5In its opinion, the trial court addresses its preclusion from considering the
expert report when ruling on the motion for summary judgment. Trial Court
Opinion, 8/16/19, at 11.

                                           -7-
J-A10022-20

     been upheld by Pennsylvania Courts to the extent of releasing a
     party from negligent conduct, but not from reckless conduct. See
     Chepkevich v. Hidden Valley Resort, 2 A.3d 1174 (Pa. 2010).
     Based on the available case law, language in the release itself,
     and [Monroe’s] admi[ssion] to knowingly signing the Camelback
     Release, [Camelback] requested this [c]ourt prevent [Monroe]
     from moving forward on their claim of negligence or negligent
     entrustment through a Motion in Limine. We granted
     [Camelback’s] motion by Order on March 20, 2019, after
     [Monroe’s] counsel indicated [Monroe] was not in opposition.
     Therefore, when deciding [Camelback’s] Motion for Judgment on
     the Pleadings, we reviewed all the pleadings solely examining
     [Monroe’s] claims as to recklessness. For the following reasons,
     we found the pleadings regarding recklessness to be insufficient.

           As detailed above, [Monroe’s] Complaint contained a single
     count for Negligence and Negligent Entrustment. Only one
     paragraph      within     that    count     specifically mentions
     “recklessness[.]” … While [Monroe] uses the term “recklessness,”
     none of [her] allegations approach the type of culpable conduct
     necessary to plead or prove a claim for reckless conduct. In fact,
     [Monroe’s] list of alleged wrongs only includes terms reserved for
     negligence claims, such as “properly” and “reasonable prudence,”
     and omits terms reserved for a recklessness claim, such as
     “conscious disregard” or “reckless disregard” or “extreme
     departure from ordinary care.” (Id.) Moreover, [Monroe] does not
     allege facts to support a recklessness claim anywhere else in her
     Complaint, and repeatedly identifies [Camelback’s] negligence as
     the sole cause of her injuries. (Id. at ¶ 18, 22.)

            Looking in the light most favorable to [Monroe] and taking
     all [Monroe’s] allegations as true, we found that the pleadings are
     both factually and legally insufficient to support her recklessness
     claim. Based on legal insufficiency of the Complaint, as evidenced
     by [Monroe’s] failure to allege the culpable conduct necessary to
     plead a recklessness claim, the lack of factual support in
     [Monroe’s] Complaint for a recklessness claim, and [Monroe’s]
     specific admi[ssion] that negligence was the sole cause of her
     injuries, we determined that judgment for [Camelback] on the
     pleadings was appropriate. …

          We recognize in considering [Camelback’s] Motion for
     Judgment on the Pleadings that the procedural posture of this
     matter is unusual given our earlier hesitancy in the case to grant

                                    -8-
J-A10022-20

      summary judgment upon [Camelback’s] request on June 13,
      2018. At the time, we acted in an abundance of caution denying
      such motion because the parties only addressed the negligence
      claim, and did not mention the allegation of recklessness. Looking
      in the light most favorable to [Monroe], we found the single
      allegation of recklessness within the negligence count muddied
      the waters so that summary judgment could not be clearly
      granted. We are now able to view [Camelback’s] Motion for
      Judgment on the Pleadings more clearly, having dealt with the
      negligence claims through [Camelback’s] Motion in Limine.
      However, we do so knowing [Camelback’s] Motion came well after
      the parties had already undergone arbitration, [Monroe] appealed,
      and the matter had been rescheduled for a new trial date. As such,
      we acknowledge that a motion for judgment on the pleadings may
      at this point be considered untimely. In the alternative, we found
      that [Camelback’s] accompanying supplementary Motion for
      Summary Judgment appropriately considers the entirety of the
      record and supports our finding that a claim for recklessness
      cannot be sustained based on [Monroe’s] failure to produce
      evidence to sustain her burden at trial.

Trial Court Opinion, 8/16/19, at 7-10.

      The trial court duly considered Pa.R.C.P. 1034 and explained its

reasoning for the timing of its order. After review, we conclude that any delay

in the disposition of Camelback’s motion for judgment on the pleadings caused

no prejudice to Monroe. See Leidy v. Deseret Enterprises, Inc., 381 A.2d
164, 166 n.1 (Pa. Super. 1977) (finding no unreasonable delay under Rule

1034 as there was no injury to the complaining party where only one trial

term passed as a result of the court’s consideration of the motion). Herein,

although the matter was removed from the April 2019 civil trial term, “A lower

court will not be reversed either for waiving or refusing to waive non-

compliance with the procedural rules in the absence of a showing of an abuse

of discretion which has caused manifest and palpable injury to the complaining

                                     -9-
J-A10022-20

party[.]” Id. (citation omitted).6 We discern no abuse of discretion in the

trial court considering and ruling upon Camelback’s motion for judgment on

the pleadings. Moreover, we agree with the trial court’s reasoning for granting

the motion for judgment on the pleadings. Monroe admitted signing a release,

did not oppose Camelback’s motion in limine to preclude the issue of

negligence from going to the jury if there was a trial, and failed to support any

prayer for relief outside the claim of negligence.      Monroe’s only possible

remaining issue, based on the pleadings, was recklessness. However, Monroe

merely mentioned the word “reckless” in her pleading; she provided no basis

for the claim.     Accordingly, we agree with the trial court’s rationale and

conclude that there was no issue of fact—a jury trial based on the transient

use of the word reckless, without factual support, would be a fruitless exercise.

See Toney v. Chester County Hosp., 961 A.2d 192, 203 (Pa. Super. 2008)

(concluding that where the complaint does not provide factual allegations to

support the legal conclusion of recklessness or intentional acts, the trial court

committed no error when it dismissed the cause of action for intentional

____________________________________________

6 Compare Cagnoli v. Bonnell, 611 A.2d 1194, 1196 (Pa. 1992) (reversing
a trial court’s order granting a motion for judgment on the pleadings where
the moving party submitted the motion on the morning of trial because, inter
alia, the late filing precluded the non-moving party from opposing the motion).
In the case at bar, however, Appellant had ample opportunity, and in fact, did
oppose Camelback’s motion. Appellant’s Response to Motion for Judgment on
the Pleadings, 5/16/19.

                                          - 10 -
J-A10022-20

conduct7); see also Valentino v. Philadelphia Triathlon, LLC, 150 A.3d
483, 489 (Pa. Super. 2016) (en banc) (stating that claims of ordinary

negligence arising from inadvertence, mistake, or error in judgment do not

support a claim involving outrageous behavior or a conscious disregard of risk

or recklessness). Thus, we affirm the order granting Camelback’s motion for

judgment on the pleadings, and we need not reach Camelback’s motion for

summary judgment.8

       For the reasons set forth above, we conclude that Monroe is entitled to

no relief. Accordingly, we affirm the May 16, 2019 order granting Camelback’s

motion for judgment on the pleadings.

       Order affirmed.

       Judge Pellegrini joins this Memorandum.

       Judge Bowes files a Dissenting Memorandum.

____________________________________________

7 “Section 46 of the Restatement (Second) of Torts does not recognize liability
for mere negligent infliction of emotional distress. However, reckless conduct
causing emotional distress renders an actor as liable as if he had acted
intentionally.” Toney v. Chester County Hosp., 961 A.2d 192, 203 n.9 (Pa.
Super. 2008) (en banc) (quoting Pierce v. Penman, 515 A.2d 948, 951 (Pa.
Super. 1986) (internal brackets omitted)).

8  If we had concluded that judgment on the pleadings was improper, we
nevertheless would find that Monroe was entitled to no relief. Indeed, we
would affirm the trial court’s order granting Camelback’s motion for summary
judgment, and we would do so on the basis of the rationale provided in the
trial court’s August 16, 2019 opinion.

                                          - 11 -
J-A10022-20

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 10/22/20

                          - 12 -