Court Opinion

ID: 9370077
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-10 19:00:34.962277+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:19.173599
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                               FEB 10 2023
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JUSTIN EUGENE RICE,                              No.   22-15648

              Petitioner-Appellant,              D.C. No.
                                                 1:18-cv-00111-JLT-JDP
 v.

DANIEL PARAMO, Warden,                           MEMORANDUM*

              Respondent-Appellee.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Eastern District of California
                   Jennifer L. Thurston, District Judge, Presiding

                           Submitted February 7, 2023**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: BYBEE and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges, and BENNETT,*** District
Judge.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
              The Honorable Richard D. Bennett, United States District Judge for
the District of Maryland, sitting by designation.
      Petitioner-Appellant, Justin Eugene Rice, appeals the district court’s denial

of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Rice seeks

relief from his conviction on three counts of second-degree murder on the grounds

of ineffective assistance of counsel and insufficient evidence.

      Rice argues that he was rendered ineffective assistance of counsel because

his attorney informed the trial court that it could not accept an initial verdict for the

lesser offense of involuntary manslaughter without the jury first returning a not-

guilty verdict on second degree murder. After the jury deliberated further, it

returned a guilty verdict on the greater charges. Rice also argues that there was

insufficient evidence to support his second-degree murder charges.

      We have jurisdiction over the final judgment of the district court under 28

U.S.C. § 1291 and review the district court’s denial of a habeas petition de novo.

Martinez v. Cate, 903 F.3d 982, 991 (9th Cir. 2018). We affirm.

      Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

(“AEDPA”), habeas relief may only be granted on claims that have been

“adjudicated on the merits in State court proceedings” and where that adjudication

resulted in a decision “contrary to, or involv[ing] an unreasonable application of,

clearly established Federal law.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d). “A state court's

determination that a claim lacks merit precludes federal habeas relief so long as

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fairminded jurists could disagree on the correctness of the state court's decision.”

Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 101 (2011) (internal quotations and citation

omitted); see also Lockyer v. Andrade, 538 U.S. 63, 75 (2003) (holding that relief

under AEDPA is only appropriate where the state court’s determination is

“objectively unreasonable” as opposed to simply “incorrect or erroneous”).

          Under AEDPA’s deferential standard of review, we must deny relief on

the ineffectiveness of counsel claim.1 A fairminded jurist could conclude that

Rice’s attorney’s performance was within the range of professional norms and that

there is no reasonable probability that the outcome would be different if counsel

remained silent. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 694 (to

demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel a petitioner must show that trial

counsel’s performance “fell below an objective standard of reasonableness” and

that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors,

the result of the proceeding would have been different”).

      The state court could reasonably have concluded that counsel’s performance

was reasonable due to his “duty of good faith and candor in dealing with the

      1
        The state argues that Rice has failed to exhaust his claim of ineffective
assistance. Rather than resolve the issue of exhaustion, however, we opt to reach
the merits of Rice’s claim and reject it, as it is “perfectly clear” that Rice “does not
raise even a colorable federal claim.” Cassett v. Stewart, 406 F.3d 614, 623–24
(9th Cir. 2005).
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judiciary.” United States v. Associated Convalescent Enters., Inc., 766 F.2d 1342,

1346 (9th Cir. 1985). Alternatively, it could have concluded that counsel’s

performance was reasonable because he made a quick decision to ensure the not-

guilty verdicts on second degree murder were recorded as required. Although the

improperly completed verdict forms would have resulted in a valid acquittal on the

greater charges, People v. Fields, 13 Cal. 4th 289, 311 (1996), counsel could

reasonably have believed the jury intended to acquit based on repeated instruction

and been unaware that improperly completed verdict forms would result in a valid

acquittal. See Richter, 562 U.S. at 110 (“[A]n attorney may not be faulted for a

reasonable miscalculation or lack of foresight or for failing to prepare for what

appear to be remote possibilities.”). Because a reasonable jurist could find that

counsel’s performance was not deficient, we do not reach the issue of whether Rice

was prejudiced. See Runningeagle v. Ryan, 686 F.3d 758, 777 n.9 (9th Cir. 2012).

      We do not reach the merits of Rice’s sufficiency of the evidence claim

because it was forfeited. “[W]e will not ordinarily consider matters on appeal that

not specifically and distinctly raised and argued in appellant’s opening brief.” In

re J.T. Thorpe, Inc., 870 F.3d 1121, 1124 (9th Cir. 2017) (quoting Int'l Union of

Bricklayers & Allied Craftsman Loc. Union No. 20 v. Martin Jaska, Inc., 752 F.2d

1401, 1404 (9th Cir. 1985)). In his opening brief, Rice did not raise the argument

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that there was insufficient evidence to convict him of second degree murder. As

such, he forfeited the argument.

      AFFIRMED.

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