Court Opinion

ID: 4273154
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-05-07 20:00:32.346343+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:32:51.004697
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                            FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
                                                                            MAY 07 2018
                                                                         MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
HIP HOP BEVERAGE CORPORATION, a                  No.   16-56757
Nevada corporation,
                                                 D.C. No.
              Plaintiff-Appellant,               2:16-cv-01421-SVW-FFM

 v.                                              MEMORANDUM*

MONSTER ENERGY COMPANY, a
Delaware corporation and DOES, 1 through
10,

              Defendants- Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                   Stephen V. Wilson, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted on April 9, 2018
                              Pasadena, California

Before: BOGGS,** BYBEE, and WATFORD, Circuit Judges.

      1. Hip Hop Beverage Corp. (HHBC) brought suit against Monster Energy

Co. (Monster) alleging violations of the Sherman Act, the Clayton Act, and related

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
            The Honorable Danny J. Boggs, United States Circuit Judge for the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation.
                                                                            Page 2 of 4
state laws. The district court dismissed HHBC’s amended complaint for failure to

state a claim.

      2. HHBC’s amended complaint failed to adequately plead injury to

competition, as is required to state a claim for a violation of the Sherman Act or the

Clayton Act. While HHBC’s amended complaint pleaded some injury to itself, it

fell short of pleading injury to competition generally. See Les Shockley Racing,

Inc. v. Nat’l Hot Rod Ass’n, 884 F.2d 504, 508 (9th Cir. 1989). Mere injury to

HHBC’s position as a market competitor is not sufficient. Ibid. And in a case

alleging an exclusive-dealing arrangement, HHBC needed to plead that the

arrangement “foreclose[d] competition in a substantial share of the line of

commerce affected.” Omega Envtl., Inc. v. Gilbarco, Inc., 127 F.3d 1157, 1162

(9th Cir. 1997) (quoting Tampa Elec. Co. v. Nashville Coal Co., 365 U.S. 320, 327

(1961)). “If competitors can reach the ultimate consumers . . . by employing . . .

alternative channels of distribution, it is unclear whether such restrictions foreclose

from competition any part of the relevant market.” Omega, 127 F.3d at 1163.

Here, HHBC alleged that (at most) four brokers refused to do business with HHBC

due to Monster’s conduct. But HHBC did not allege how many total brokers were

in the market in order to establish that Monster foreclosed competition. Moreover,

HHBC conceded that HHBC remained in the market without the assistance of
                                                                           Page 3 of 4
brokers. HHBC’s conclusory assertion that consumer prices had been driven

upward was insufficient because HHBC did not allege any specific pricing data or

explain how the market price supposedly increased.

      3. HHBC’s amended complaint also failed to adequately plead Monster’s

market power, as is required to state a claim for a violation of the Sherman Act or

Clayton Act. See Rick-Mik Enters., Inc., v. Equilon Enters. LLC, 532 F.3d 963,

972 (9th Cir. 2008). A firm has market power when, “by restricting its own output,

it can restrict marketwide output and, hence, increase marketwide prices.” Rebel

Oil Co., Inc. v. Atl. Richfield Co., 51 F.3d 1421, 1434 (9th Cir. 1995). To allege

market power circumstantially, the plaintiff must: “(1) define the relevant market,

(2) show that the defendant owns a dominant share of that market, and (3) show

that there are significant barriers to entry and show that existing competitors lack

the capacity to increase their output in the short run.” Ibid. While HHBC’s

amended complaint properly defined the relevant market, it did not sufficiently

allege that Monster had a dominant share of that market or that existing

competitors lacked the capacity to increase their output to offset Monster’s

conduct. The amended complaint merely stated that Monster controlled a “major

percent” of the energy-drink market and did not allege that other “entrenched”

competitors such as Red Bull and Rockstar were unable to increase their output to
                                                                             Page 4 of 4
offset Monster’s alleged conduct. Because the amended complaint failed to

adequately plead injury to competition or market power, it failed to “state a claim

to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544,

570 (2007).

      4. We also affirm the dismissal of HHBC’s related state-law claims, including

interference with contractual relations, because they are derivative of the Sherman Act

and Clayton Act claims.

      5. The district court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing the amended

complaint with prejudice. Where the amended complaint fails to cure the pleading

deficiencies explained in the district court’s original order, “[t]he district court could

reasonably conclude that further amendment would be futile.” Rutman Wine Co. v.

E. & J. Gallo Winery, 829 F.2d 729, 738 (9th Cir. 1987). Here, the district court

outlined the original complaint’s pleading deficiencies but HHBC’s amended

complaint failed to cure, or even meaningfully address, the defects noted.

              AFFIRMED.