Court Opinion

ID: 4430467
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-20 19:42:00.992865+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:50:59.912563
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                           APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
    This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
 internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                     SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                     APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                     DOCKET NO. A-3244-16T3

IN RE APPLICATION FOR
PERMIT TO CARRY A HANDGUN
OF CALVIN CARLSTROM
____________________________________

                Submitted September 12, 2018 – Decided September 21, 2018

                Before Judges Haas and Mitterhoff.

                On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                Division, Union County.

                Evan F. Nappen, attorney for appellant Calvin
                Carlstrom (Louis P. Nappen, on the brief).

                Michael A. Monahan, Acting Union County
                Prosecutor, attorney for respondent State of New Jersey
                (Milton S. Leibowitz, Special Deputy Attorney
                General/Acting Assistant Prosecutor, on the brief).

PER CURIAM

       Petitioner Calvin Carlstrom appeals a Law Division judge's February 2,

2017 order denying his application to carry a handgun in his capacity as a

security guard for AMC Movie Theaters. We affirm.
      In June 2016, petitioner applied for a permit to carry a handgun. On his

application, he listed his occupation as "Security Guard" and his employer as

"Global Security Services." He also submitted three endorsements to his good

moral character and behavior and his ability to exercise self-control, certificates

of various firearms training, and an employment application for a security guard

position. Additionally, petitioner submitted a letter from John DeVino, the

Director of Operations at Global Security Services, explaining that

            Mr. Calstrom will be performing his duties at AMC
            movie theaters in New Jersey. His duties include the
            protection of life, as well as cash transfers in the
            theaters. Large amounts of cash are moved across
            common areas of the theaters requiring an armed escort.
            Additionally, movie theaters have been included in
            Homeland Security documents and press releases as
            "soft targets" for terrorists and have been in the news
            on several occasions recently for episodes of firearms-
            related violence, necessitating an armed presence.

      In October 2016, the Roselle Park Police Chief approved petitioner's

application. On February 2, 2017, after evaluating petitioner's application and

submissions, Judge William A. Daniel denied petitioner's application without a

hearing. In a supporting written statement of reasons, Judge Daniel, relying on

N.J.S.A. 2C:58–4(d) and the Supreme Court's decisions in In re Preis, 118 N.J.

564 (1990) and Siccardi v. State, 59 N.J. 545 (1971), explained that

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petitioner's application did not establish any “justifiable need” for him to carry

a handgun. Judge Daniel stated:

            In the instant case, no specific or serious threats or
            previous attacks were cited to by the applicant in the
            letter dated May 26, 2016. Applicant failed to establish
            that he, in the course of his described employment, will
            be subjected to a substantial threat of serious bodily
            harm and that carrying a handgun is necessary to reduce
            the threat of unjustifiable serious harm to any person.
            In short, the applicant has failed to meet the rather
            stringent requirements under our case law and, as such,
            applicant's request for a permit to carry a handgun is
            [denied].

      We affirm, based on the sound reasons set forth in the Judge Daniel's

statement of reasons, adding only the following comments.

      "[E]mployees of a private-security agency have [no] preferred right by

virtue of their status to obtain a permit to carry a gun.” Preis, 118 N.J. at 566.

Thus, petitioner was required to comply with N.J.A.C. 13:54–2.4, which

provides:

            (d) Each application form shall also be accompanied by
            a written certification of justifiable need to carry a
            handgun, which shall be under oath and which:
                  ....
                  2. In the case of employees of private detective
                  agencies, armored car companies and private
                  security companies, that:

                         i. In the course of performing statutorily
                         authorized duties, the applicant is subject

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                         to a substantial threat of serious bodily
                         harm; and

                         ii. That carrying a handgun by the applicant
                         is necessary to reduce the threat of
                         unjustifiable serious bodily harm to any
                         person.

We agree with Judge Daniel's conclusion that petitioner failed to establish a

"justifiable need" and we reject petitioner's claims that Judge Daniel applied

the incorrect standard in evaluating his application.

      Petitioner also asserts he was denied due process. He argues he should

have been afforded a hearing and that the judge should have heard testimony

from the Roselle Park Police Chief regarding the reasons for granting the

permit. Petitioner has cited no authority to support his argument that a hearing

is required in matters involving perfunctory licensing applications or that t he

court must hear testimony from the chief of police who reviewed an

application. Significantly, he was afforded the opportunity to provide with his

application the information necessary to satisfy the statutory criteria.

      Likewise, we find that petitioner's reliance on In re Cayuse Corp. LLC,

445 N.J. Super. 80 (App. Div. 2016), is misplaced. In Cayuse, this court

addressed N.J.S.A. 2C:58-2, which deals with the retailing of firearms and has

different procedural requirements than N.J.S.A. 2C:58-4. Id. at 84. Because

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Cayuse dealt with a different statute with different requirements than the

statute at issue in this case, we decline to extend its hearing requirement to

cases concerning applications under N.J.S.A. 2C:58-4.

      In this case, the text of N.J.S.A. 2C:58-4 is clear as to when a hearing is

required. "Any person aggrieved by the denial by the chief police officer or

the superintendent of approval for a permit to carry a handgun may request a

hearing in the Superior Court . . . ." N.J.S.A. 2C:58-4(e). "If the

superintendent or chief police officer approves an application and the Superior

Court denies the application and refuses to issue a permit, the applicant may

appeal such denial in accordance with law and the rules governing the courts

of this State." Ibid. "When the Legislature's chosen words lead to one clear

and unambiguous result, the interpretive process comes to a close, without the

need to consider extrinsic aids." State v. Shelley, 205 N.J. 320, 323 (2011)

(citation omitted). Because the text of N.J.S.A. 2C:58-4(e) is clear as to when

a hearing is required, we reject petitioner's argument that Cayuse entitled him

to an evidentiary hearing.

      Petitioner’s contention that the statute as applied to him violates the

separation of powers doctrine is also unavailing. As our Supreme Court has

explained:

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             So concerned is the Legislature about this licensing
             process that it allows only a Superior Court judge to
             issue a permit, after applicants first obtain approval
             from their local chief of police. In this (as perhaps in
             the case of election laws) the Legislature has reposed
             what is essentially an executive function in the judicial
             branch. We have acceded to that legislative delegation
             because “[t]he New Jersey Legislature has long been
             aware of the dangers inherent in the carrying of
             handguns and the urgent necessity of their regulation,”
             although we “might well have declined the
             designation” because the “functions . . . were clearly
             non-judicial in nature.” Siccardi v. State, 59 N.J. 545,
             553 (1971).

             [Preis, 118 N.J. at 569.]

      Finally, we find petitioner's argument that N.J.S.A. 2C:58-4's "justifiable

need" standard violates the Second Amendment to be without merit. This

court has previously determined that New Jersey's "justifiable need" standard

comports with the United States Supreme Court's recent Second Amendme nt

decisions:

             We cannot conclude that the Amendment or the Court's
             recent decisions require this State to dismantle its
             statutory scheme addressing the risks of misuse and
             accidental use in public places devised long ago and
             developed over many years. This scheme is crafted to
             burden the exercise of the right to use handguns for
             lawful purposes as little as possible, without
             abandoning this effort to maintain order and safety in
             public places.

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            [In re Wheeler, 433 N.J. Super. 560, 617 (App. Div.
            2013).]

      We have considered petitioner’s remaining arguments and find them to

be without sufficient merit to warrant further discussion in a written opinion.

R. 2:11–3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.

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