Court Opinion

ID: 4304399
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-08-16 14:25:14.129721+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:34:51.367761
License: Public Domain

NUMBER 13-18-00224-CR

                             COURT OF APPEALS

                   THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                      CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

JAKE ARRON GONZALES,                                                        Appellant,

                                           v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,                                                         Appellee.

                    On appeal from the 24th District Court
                         of Victoria County, Texas.

                          MEMORANDUM OPINION

            Before Justices Contreras, Longoria, and Hinojosa
               Memorandum Opinion by Justice Contreras

      Appellant Jake Arron Gonzales appeals from the revocation of his community

supervision for aggravated kidnapping, a first-degree felony, and assault family violence,

a third-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 20.04, 22.01(b)(2) (West, Westlaw

through 2017 1st C.S.). The trial court sentenced appellant to concurrent terms of twenty-
five years and ten years, respectively. By one issue, appellant argues the trial court erred

when it overruled his objection to part of a witness’s testimony. We affirm.

                                   I.   BACKGROUND

       Appellant was indicted in 2012 for: (1) aggravated kidnapping, see id. § 20.04; (2)

assault family violence, see id. § 22.01(b)(2); and (3) possession of cocaine, a controlled

substance, in the amount of one to four grams, a third-degree felony. See TEX. HEALTH

& SAFETY CODE ANN. §§ 481.102(3)(D), .115(c) (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.).

Pursuant to a plea agreement, appellant pleaded guilty to the three offenses and

received: (1) ten years of deferred-adjudication community supervision, a $2,000 fine,

and $4,481.09 in restitution for the aggravated kidnapping charge; (2) ten years’

incarceration probated for ten years of community supervision for the assault family

violence charge; and (3) a suspended license and ten years’ incarceration probated for

five years of community supervision for the possession of a controlled substance charge.

See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 12.33, 12.34 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.).

       At some point, appellant completed his community supervision for the possession

of a controlled substance charge. In December 2017, appellant was arrested for a new

offense for assault family violence. The State then filed motions to adjudicate guilt and

to revoke appellant’s community supervision for the remaining two charges and alleging

four violations of the terms and conditions of his community supervision. See TEX. CODE

CRIM. PROC. ANN. arts. 42A.751, 42A.755 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.).

Specifically, the State alleged that appellant violated the terms of his supervision because

he committed a new offense, failed to pay community supervision fees, and failed to

                                             2
refrain from contact with the victim of his offenses on two occasions.1 Appellant pleaded

“true” to all the allegations.

        At the hearing on the motion to adjudicate, the State called six witnesses, including

Officer Wilmer McLeroy of the Victoria Police Department. McLeroy was one of the police

officers who responded to the domestic disturbance call in 2012 that resulted in

appellant’s arrest for the underlying charges. During McLeroy’s testimony, the State

asked McLeroy whether he located any white substances at the residence. McLeroy

responded that another officer at the scene, Sergeant Erica Vaccaro, notified him of the

presence of narcotics, and appellant objected to this testimony on the basis of hearsay.

The trial court overruled appellant’s objection, and McLeroy testified that Vaccaro had

told him that she located some possible cocaine inside the residence.

        As to the aggravated kidnapping charge, the trial court found the allegations to be

true, revoked appellant’s community supervision, adjudicated appellant guilty, and

sentenced him to twenty-five years’ incarceration in the Institutional Division of the Texas

Department of Criminal Justice. As to the assault family violence charge, the trial court

revoked appellant’s community supervision and sentenced him to ten years’

incarceration. The sentences were set to run concurrently. This appeal followed.

                                         II.    DISCUSSION

A.      Standard of Review and Applicable Law

        Appellate review of an order revoking community supervision is limited to abuse of

the trial court’s discretion. Hacker v. State, 389 S.W.3d 860, 865 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009);

        1 Appellant’s girlfriend was the victim in both the 2012 and 2017 assault family violence offenses.
The conditions of appellant’s community supervision required appellant to refrain from any contact with the
victim; however, appellant lived with the victim on and off during his community supervision.

                                                    3
Rickels v. State, 202 S.W.3d 759, 763 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (citing Cardona v. State,

665 S.W.2d 492, 493 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984) (en banc)). Likewise, we review a trial

court’s decision on the admissibility of evidence for an abuse of discretion. Torres v.

State, 71 S.W.3d 758, 760 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (citing Burden v. State, 55 S.W.3d 608,

615 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001)); see Ellison v. State, 201 S.W.3d 714, 723 (Tex. Crim. App.

2006).

         In a revocation proceeding, the State must prove by a preponderance of the

evidence that the defendant violated a condition of community supervision as alleged in

the State’s motion to revoke. Rickels, 202 S.W.3d at 763–64; Cobb v. State, 851 S.W.2d
871, 873 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) (en banc). Preponderance of the evidence “means that

greater weight of the credible evidence which would create a reasonable belief that the

defendant violated a condition” of his community supervision. Hacker, 389 S.W.3d at

865; Rickels, 202 S.W.2d at 763–64. The trial court is the sole judge of the credibility of

the witnesses and the weight to be given to their testimony, and we must view the

evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling. See Cardona, 665 S.W.2d

at 493; Garrett v. State, 619 S.W.2d 172, 174 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1981). When

the State has failed to meet its burden of proof, the trial judge abuses his discretion in

issuing an order to revoke community supervision. Cardona, 665 S.W.2d at 493–94.

         One sufficient and unchallenged violation of the terms of a defendant’s community

supervision will support the trial court’s order on appeal, and an appellate court need not

address challenges to other grounds for revocation. Sanchez v. State, 603 S.W.2d 869,

871 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1980); see Smith v. State, 286 S.W.3d 333, 342 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2009) (“We have long held that ‘one sufficient ground for revocation would

                                             4
support the trial court’s order revoking’ community supervision.”) (quoting Jones v. State,

571 S.W.2d 191, 193–94 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978)). Thus, a trial court does

not abuse its discretion if a preponderance of the evidence supports at least one of the

State’s allegations that the defendant violated a condition of his community supervision.

Lively v. State, 338 S.W.3d 140, 143 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2011, no pet.); see Leonard

v. State, 385 S.W.3d 570, 576 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). Furthermore, a single plea of true

to a violation allegation is enough to sustain the trial court’s decision to revoke a

defendant’s community supervision. See Tapia v. State, 462 S.W.3d 29, 31 n.2 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2015); Rivera v. State, 688 S.W.2d 659, 660 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1985,

no writ).

       If we find error regarding the admissibility of evidence, we will disregard the error

as harmless if it was non-constitutional and did not affect appellant’s substantial rights.

See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(a), (b); Barshaw v. State, 342 S.W.3d 91, 93 (Tex. Crim. App.

2001). An erroneous evidentiary ruling is generally non-constitutional error. See Potier

v. State, 68 S.W.3d 657, 663 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (en banc) (“Erroneous evidentiary

rulings rarely rise to the level of denying the fundamental constitutional rights to present

a meaningful defense.”); see also Casey v. State, 215 S.W.3d 870, 884–85 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2007); cf. Jones v. State, 119 S.W.3d 766, 776–77 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003) (en banc)

(noting that the admission of defendant’s confession was evidentiary error of

constitutional nature because the confession was obtained without Miranda warnings in

violation of the Fifth Amendment). An appellant’s “substantial rights are not affected by

the erroneous admission of evidence ‘if the appellate court, after examining the record as

a whole, has fair assurance that the error did not influence the [judge], or had but a slight

                                             5
effect.’” Motilla v. State, 78 S.W.3d 352, 355 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (quoting Solomon v.

State, 49 S.W.3d 356, 365 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001); Johnson v. State, 967 S.W.2d 410,

417 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998)).

B.    Analysis

      By his sole issue, appellant argues that the trial court erred when it overruled his

objection to Officer McLeroy’s testimony on the basis that it was hearsay. See TEX. R.

EVID. 801. We will assume, without deciding, that the trial court abused its discretion in

overruling appellant’s objection, and we will proceed to our analysis of whether appellant

suffered any harm as a result.

      Here, appellant complains of an alleged non-constitutional evidentiary error. See

Casey, 215 S.W.3d at 884–85; Potier, 68 S.W.3d at, 663–64; see also Jones, 119 S.W.3d

at 776–77. And appellant did not challenge any of the alleged violations of his community

supervision; instead, he pleaded “true” as to all of them. Further, the State presented

extensive testimony from six witnesses, including testimony from the victim, in support of

the alleged violations. Viewing the evidence other than the hearsay testimony in the light

most favorable to the trial court’s ruling, we conclude the State proved by more than a

preponderance of the evidence that appellant had violated the terms and conditions of

his community supervision. See Hacker, 389 S.W.3d at 865; Rickels, 202 S.W.2d at 763–

64; Cardona, 665 S.W.2d at 493.

      As noted earlier, Texas law is clear that one sufficient ground for revocation will

support the trial court’s order revoking community supervision, Smith, 286 S.W.3d at 342;

Sanchez, 603 S.W.2d at 871, and a plea of true from a defendant is sufficient standing

alone to support the revocation of community supervision. See Tapia, 462 S.W.3d at 31

                                            6
n.2; Rivera, 688 S.W.2d at 659. Thus, after examining the record as a whole, we have

fair assurance that the alleged error did not have a substantial and injurious effect or

influence in determining the judge’s verdict. See Smith, 286 S.W.3d at 342; Casey, 215
S.W.3d at 885; Motilla, 78 S.W.3d at 359–60. Accordingly, we conclude that appellant’s

alleged error did not contribute to his adjudication of guilt or revocation of his community

supervision, and any such error was harmless. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2; Smith, 286
S.W.3d at 342; Casey, 215 S.W.3d at 884–85.

       Finally, appellant briefly mentions in his brief that the admission of McLeroy’s

response “perhaps ultimately added time to his sentences.” However, appellant does not

show or otherwise discuss how that evidence somehow affected the sentence handed

down by the trial court, see TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i), and appellant did nothing in the trial

court to preserve any error regarding the punishment assessed. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1.

       Appellant’s sole issue is overruled.

                                   III.   CONCLUSION

       We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                               DORI CONTRERAS
                                                               Justice

Do not publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).

Delivered and filed the
16th day of August, 2018.

                                               7