Court Opinion

ID: 4449456
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-10-23 20:00:34.422509+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:45:29.602688
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       OCT 23 2019
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

STEVEN C. LEVI,                                 No. 19-35282

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 3:18-cv-00282-RRB

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
STATE OF ALASKA,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Alaska
                   Ralph R. Beistline, District Judge, Presiding

                           Submitted October 15, 2019**

Before:      FARRIS, LEAVY, and RAWLINSON, Circuit Judges.

      Steven C. Levi appeals pro se from the district court’s judgment sua sponte

dismissing his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action for failure to state a claim. We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo, Omar v. Sea-Land

Service, Inc., 813 F.2d 986, 991 (9th Cir. 1987), and we affirm.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      The district court properly dismissed Levi’s action for failure to state a claim

because neither a State nor a state agency is a person for purposes of § 1983

liability and Levi failed to allege any facts showing a constitutional violation. See

Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona, 520 U.S. 43, 69 (1997) (Section 1983

“creates no remedy against a State”); Howlett v. Rose, 496 U.S. 356, 365 (1990) (a

governmental agency that is an arm of the state is not a person for purposes of

§ 1983); Gasperini v. Center for Humanities, Inc., 518 U.S. 415, 432 (1996) (“The

Seventh Amendment . . . governs proceedings in federal court, but not in state

court.”).

      The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying leave to amend

because amendment would have been futile. See Cervantes v. Countrywide Home

Loans, Inc., 656 F.3d 1034, 1041 (9th Cir. 2011) (setting forth standard of review

and explaining that dismissal without leave to amend is proper when amendment

would be futile); see also Sparling v. Hoffman Const. Co., Inc., 864 F.2d 635, 638

(9th Cir. 1988) (court may sua sponte dismiss for failure to state a claim without

notice or an opportunity to respond where plaintiff cannot possibly win relief).

       We do not consider matters not specifically and distinctly raised and argued

in the opening brief. See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009).

      Levi’s motion to transmit exhibit (Docket Entry No. 3) is denied.

See Kirshner v. Uniden Corp. of Am., 842 F.2d 1074, 1077 (9th Cir. 1988)

                                                                                19-35282
(“Papers not filed with the district court or admitted into evidence by that court are

not part of the clerk’s record and cannot be part of the record on appeal.”). Levi’s

motion to accept supplemental brief (Docket Entry No. 18) is granted.

      AFFIRMED.

                                                                               19-35282