Court Opinion

ID: 65905
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-26 06:04:30+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:43.492028
License: Public Domain

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

             IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                     FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________                   FILED
                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                                         ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                             No. 08-11044                  September 16, 2008
                         Non-Argument Calendar            THOMAS K. KAHN
                       ________________________                 CLERK

                  D. C. Docket No. 05-02222-CV-JEC-1

JAMEEL CORNELIUS,

                                                          Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                  versus

HOME COMINGS FINANCIAL NETWORK, INC.,
1ST NATIONAL BANK OF ARIZONA,

                                                       Defendants-Appellees.

                       ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Northern District of Georgia
                     _________________________

                          (September 16, 2008)

Before BIRCH, DUBINA and CARNES, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
      Jameel Cornelius, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s grant of

summary judgment to the defendants, Homecomings Financial Network, Inc. and

First National Bank of Arizona. He contends that summary judgment should not

have been entered and also argues that the district court erred in granting the

defendants’ motions to strike an amendment to his pleadings and two amendments

to his objections to the magistrate judge’s report and recommendation.

                                          I.

      In June 2004 First National gave Cornelius a loan backed by a security

deed. First National later notified Cornelius that it had sold the loan to

Homecomings and that Cornelius should send his payments to Homecomings

starting on October 1, 2004. Cornelius mailed a check to Homecomings on

October 9, and it was applied to his December 2004 and January 2005

installments. In November 2004 Cornelius mailed Homecomings another check,

which was applied to an escrow account. Homecomings then performed an

escrow analysis that projected a shortfall in Cornelius’ escrow account and

increased his monthly payment. In May 2005 Cornelius misaddressed an envelope

containing another check to Homecomings, and the United States Postal Service

returned it as undeliverable. Once the address was corrected, the payment reached

Homecomings in June 2005, and the bank waived its late fees and corrected

                                          2
Cornelius’ credit report. Cornelius was also billed for “previously unpaid escrow”

based on the November 2004 recalculation of his monthly payment.

      Cornelius filed a three-count complaint against Homecomings and First

National in the Superior Court of Fulton County, Georgia on July 27, 2005. Count

1 asked the court to order the banks to properly charge and apply the October and

November 2004 payments and to correctly adjust Cornelius’ accounts. Count 2

alleged that the banks were stubbornly litigious and had acted in bad faith, causing

$75,000 in damages to Cornelius. Count 3 requested litigation expenses and

attorney’s fees of $15,000. Cornelius attached to his complaint excerpts from the

Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (“RESPA”), 12 U.S.C. § 2601 et seq., and

the Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq.

      Defendants First National and Homecomings removed the case to the

United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia on diversity and

federal-question grounds. As to Cornelius’ federal claims, the defendants filed a

joint motion for summary judgment, which the district court granted after

reviewing the magistrate judge’s report and recommendation. However, the

district court returned the case to the magistrate judge to identify and resolve any

potential state law claims. On July 12, 2007, the magistrate judge issued his report

and recommendation, which identified three potential state law claims, having to

                                          3
do with the defendants allegedly: (1) erroneously creating an escrow account and

misapplying funds to it; (2) failing to act in a “business-like manner” by not

paying a United States Postal Service forwarding fee; and (3) acting in bad faith

and stubborn litigiousness. The report and recommendation found no merit in any

of the claims.

      In response to the magistrate judge’s report, Cornelius filed an amendment

to his complaint on August 7, 2007. He also objected to the magistrate judge’s

report and thereafter, on August 2 and again on August 17, filed amendments to

his objections. The banks filed motions to strike the three amendments as

untimely. Cornelius did not respond to those motions.

      The district court adopted the magistrate judge’s report and

recommendation, granted as unopposed the banks’ three motions to strike, denied

summary judgment to Cornelius, and granted it to the banks on the three state

claims. Cornelius filed a motion for reconsideration, arguing that the original

removal had been inappropriate for lack of a federal question. The district court

denied that motion on February 26, 2008. Cornelius then filed a notice of appeal,

which mentioned only the denial of his motion for reconsideration. He attached

the order denying reconsideration to his notice of appeal.

                                          4
                                                 II.

       First National and Homecomings contend that because the notice of appeal

specifies only the denial of the motion for reconsideration, this Court’s appellate

jurisdiction is limited to reviewing that order. Federal Rule of Appellate

Procedure 3(c) requires that a notice of appeal “designate the judgment, order, or

part thereof being appealed.” Fed. R. App. Proc. 3(c)(1)(B). “The general rule in

this circuit is that an appellate court has jurisdiction to review only those

judgments, orders or portions thereof which are specified in an appellant’s notice

of appeal.” Osterneck v. E.T. Barwick Indus., Inc., 825 F.2d 1521, 1528 (11th Cir.

1987).

       Cornelius’ notice of appeal does state that the appeal is from the denial of

the motion for reconsideration without mentioning any other orders or judgments.

As a result, we ordinarily would have jurisdiction to consider only that particular

order. However, we “liberally construe” the requirements of Rule 3, and “an

appeal is not lost if a mistake is made in designating the judgment appealed from

where it is clear that the overriding intent was effectively to appeal.” Kicklighter

v. Nails by Jannee, Inc., 616 F.2d 734, 738–39 n.1 (5th Cir. 1980).1 Further, pro

       1
         See Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc) (adopting
as binding precedent in the Eleventh Circuit all decisions of the former Fifth Circuit announced prior
to October 1, 1981).

                                                  5
se litigants’ pleadings are also liberally construed. Tannenbaum v. United States,

148 F.3d 1262, 1263 (11th Cir. 1998).

      When the “overriding intent was effectively to appeal” the original

judgment, a notice of appeal stating that it appeals from an order on a tolling post-

judgment motion must be construed as an appeal from the original judgment and

not merely from the denial of the post-trial motion. Kicklighter, 616 F.2d at

738–39 n.1. Cornelius demonstrates “overriding intent” to effectively appeal the

grant of summary judgment to the banks on the state law claims. Two of the three

sections in his appellate brief are devoted to arguments concerning the summary

judgment denied to him and granted to the banks. His brief addresses the

underlying merits of the summary judgment order and the order granting the

defendants’ motions to strike his three amendments. It does not even mention the

order denying his motion to reconsider.

      Where the defect in the notice of appeal “did not mislead or prejudice the

respondent,” we do not narrowly read the notice of appeal. Foman v. Davis, 371
U.S. 178, 181–82, 83 S. Ct. 227, 229–30 (1962) (holding appellate court should

have construed notice of appeal from denial of motion as an attempt to appeal

from underlying judgment). There is no indication that Cornelius’ limited notice

                                          6
of appeal prejudiced or misled the banks. They briefed the merits of the summary

judgment order and the order striking the amendments.

      For these reasons, we have and will exercise jurisdiction over Cornelius’

contentions concerning the grant of summary judgment against him on the state

law claims and the district court’s order granting the motions to strike.

                                         III.

      “We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo,

viewing the record and drawing all inferences in favor of the non-moving party.”

Fisher v. State Mut. Ins. Co., 290 F.3d 1256, 1259–60 (11th Cir. 2002). Summary

judgment is proper if “the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on

file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact

and that the movant is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P.

56(c). “A party opposing a properly submitted motion for summary judgment may

not rest upon mere allegations or denials of his pleadings, but must set forth

specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Eberhardt v. Waters,

901 F.2d 1578, 1580 (11th Cir. 1990) (quotation marks omitted). Although pro se

pleadings are liberally construed, “a pro se litigant does not escape the essential

burden under summary judgment standards of establishing that there is a genuine

                                          7
issue as to a fact material to his case in order to avert summary judgment.” Brown

v. Crawford, 906 F.2d 667, 670 (11th Cir. 1990).

      The district court granted summary judgment on Cornelius’ three

conceivable state law claims: (1) that the banks created an unauthorized escrow

account and misapplied funds to that account; (2) that the banks failed to act in a

“business-like manner” when they did not pay a forwarding fee; and (3) that the

banks acted in bad faith and were stubbornly litigious.

                                         A.

      Cornelius argues that the banks created an unauthorized escrow account and

misapplied funds to that account. However, Cornelius admitted that the banks

were authorized to create an escrow account. After conceding the legitimacy of

the escrow account, Cornelius continues to argue that his funds were

“misapplied,” but at summary judgment, he may not rely solely on “mere

allegations.” Eberhardt, 901 F.2d at 1580. Cornelius has not presented any

evidence that the banks’ application of funds to the escrow account was improper.

Summary judgment for the defendants was proper on this claim.

                                        B.

      Cornelius argues that the banks “failed to act in a business-like manner” by

not paying a forwarding fee that would have caused the United States Postal

                                          8
Service to forward his misaddressed checks in May 2005. The Georgia Fair

Business Practices Act (“FBPA”) prohibits “[u]nfair or deceptive acts or practices

in the conduct of consumer transactions and consumer acts or practices in trade or

commerce.” Catrett v. Landmark Dodge, Inc., 560 S.E.2d 101, 105 (Ga. App.

2002); Ga. Code Ann. § 10-1-393(a).

      Taken in its best possible light, Cornelius’ claim is that the banks’ alleged

failure to pay the forwarding fee was an unfair business practice within the FBPA

because it was designed to generate late fees based on misaddressed mail that

failed to reach the bank on time. However, he has failed to produce any evidence

that such a practice existed, or that he suffered any damages; in fact, all of the

evidence indicates that the banks deleted negative entries on Cornelius’ credit

report and waived all late fees for that incident.

      The correction of Cornelius’ credit report and waiver of his late fees mean

that he suffered no injury and is entitled to no damages from this alleged practice.

Under the FBPA, “the measure of damages. . . is that of ‘actual injury suffered.’”

Regency Nissan, Inc. v. Taylor, 391 S.E.2d 467, 471 (Ga. App. 1990). Summary

judgment was proper on this claim.

                                           9
                                         C.

      Cornelius claims that the banks acted in bad faith and were “stubbornly

litigious.” Georgia law allows for the recovery of litigation expenses if the

defendant “has acted in bad faith, has been stubbornly litigious, or has caused the

plaintiff unnecessary trouble and expense.” Ga. Code Ann. § 13-6-11.

      A plaintiff cannot claim stubborn litigiousness when “a bona fide

controversy exists between the parties.” Marshall v. King & Morgenstern, 613
S.E.2d 7, 13 (Ga. App. 2005). The gist of this case is Cornelius’ claim that the

banks misapplied his payments. The banks have defended themselves against this

allegation. This dispute is a “bona fide controversy” between the parties, and

defending against this claim is not “stubbornly litigious.” Therefore, in order to

recover litigation expenses, Cornelius was required to present some evidence of

bad faith by the banks.

      Bad faith is more than “bad judgment or negligence”; it requires a

“dishonest purpose” and “conscious doing of wrong.” Rapid Group, Inc. v.

Yellow Cab of Columbus, Inc., 557 S.E.2d 420, 426 (Ga. App. 2001). The

affidavits of Cornelius and Ali S. Muhammad state only conclusory allegations

that accuse the banks of wrongdoing without any supporting facts. To have any

probative value, affidavits must be supported by specific facts, not conclusory

                                         10
allegations. Evers v. Gen. Motors Corp., 770 F.2d 984, 986 (11th Cir. 1985); Fed.

R. Civ. P. 56(e). The only evidence in the record shows that the banks properly

applied the payments, deleted negative credit reporting, and waived any late fees

for the delay in receiving the misaddressed mail. The district court properly

denied summary judgment in favor of Cornelius and granted it against him.

                                         IV.

      Cornelius contends that the district court should not have granted the

defendants’ motions to strike his amendment to the complaint and his two

amendments to his objections to the magistrate judge’s report and

recommendation.

      A party has ten days to file specific written objections to the proposed

findings or recommendations of a magistrate judge. Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(2). The

magistrate judge’s order in this case is dated July 12, 2007. Cornelius did not file

the amendments to his objections until August 2 and 17, 2007, well after the

deadline for doing so. The district court did not abuse its discretion in granting

the defendants’ motions to strike those amendments.

      On August 7, 2007 Cornelius filed a document entitled “Third Modification

of the Second Amendment to the Complaint,” which was an attempted

amendment to the original complaint that he had filed on July 27, 2005. Under

                                         11
Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a), this amendment required written consent of the defendants

or leave from the court. Although leave should be freely given “when justice so

requires”, Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a), the court “need not allow an amendment (1) where

there has been undue delay, bad faith, dilatory motive, or repeated failure to cure

deficiencies by amendments previously allowed; (2) where allowing amendment

would cause undue prejudice to the opposing party; or (3) where amendment

would be futile.” Corsello v. Lincare, Inc., 428 F.3d 1008, 1014 (11th Cir. 2005)

(quotation marks omitted). “[W]e review the denial of a motion to amend a

complaint for abuse of discretion.” Id. at 1012. An amendment filed

approximately two years after the complaint it seeks to amend is an unduly

delayed one. It was not an abuse of discretion for the district court to strike

Cornelius’ belated “Third Modification of the Second Amendment to the

Complaint.”

      AFFIRMED.

                                          12