Court Opinion

ID: 4613497
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:53:32.672873+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:54:37.651075
License: Public Domain

T. A. POTTER, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.Potter v. CommissionerDocket No. 12443.United States Board of Tax Appeals14 B.T.A. 784; 1928 BTA LEXIS 2909; December 18, 1928, Promulgated *2909  The evidence fails to overcome the presumption that the Commissioner's computation of gain from the sale of certain shares of stock and his determination of tax liability on such gain are correct.  A. F. Schaetzle, Esq., for the petitioner.  Benton Baker, Esq., for the respondent.  LANSDON *784  The respondent asserts deficiencies in income and surtaxes for the years 1919 and 1920 in the respective amounts of $17,121.53 and $90.94.  The petitioner alleges that his income in the year 1919 was erroneously increased by the addition thereto representing gain resulting from the sale of shares of stock acquired prior to March 1, 1913.  The only issue to be decided is the correct basis for computing the gain, if any, realized from the sale of 1,662 shares of stock in the taxable year.  FINDINGS OF FACT.  The petitioner is an individual, residing and having his principal place of business at Mason City, Iowa.  From about 1895 until April 21, 1905, he was engaged in the promotion, organization and operation of telephone exchanges and toll lines in northwestern Iowa and the adjacent sections of Minnesota and South Dakota.  During such period he devoted*2910  his entire time to the telephone business and received no salary for his services.  On April 21, 1905, he owned substantial stock interests in telephone properties known as the Green & Western Telephone Co., the Iowa, Dakota & Minnesota Telephone Co., and the Western Electric Telephone Co., all of which were corporations under the laws either of Iowa or South Dakota and hereinafter designated as the old companies, or the vendors.  On or about March 13, 1905, the Western Electric Telephone System, hereinafter sometimes designated as the new company, was incorporated under the laws of Iowa, with its principal office at Des Moines.  On April 21, 1905, it entered into a contract to purchase all the tangible and intangible assets of the old companies for a recited consideration of $1,150,000.  The properties as then acquired were encumbered by mortgages executed as security for outstanding bonds in the amount of $150,000.  Pursuant to the terms of the purchase contract it paid $160,000 in cash to the vendor *785  and issued 9,900 shares of its common capital stock of the par value of $990,000.  In conformity with the purchase contract the new company issued 9,792 shares of stock*2911  to the Iowa, Dakota & Minnesota Telephone Co. and the Western Electric Telephone Co. jointly, and 108 shares to certain individuals.  Of the stock so issued 4,900 shares were later transferred and distributed to the shareholders of the old companies in payment for their respective interests therein and the remaining shares, together with other shares originally issued to incorporators, all in the total amount of 5,100, were transferred and reissued to E. B. Smith as trustee for the American Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co., hereinafter designated as the Bell Company, for considerations not disclosed by the record other than the payment of $42,000 in cash to the old companies.  The tangible property transferred by the old companies to the new company on April 21, 1905, consisted of the following categories of physical assets which were not inventoried either as to cost or value: 1.  Four telephone exchanges, located at Osage, Charles City, Mason City and Sheldon, with installed telephones in the respective numbers of 168, 267, 625 and 206, together with lines, poles, instruments, furniture and fixtures, equipment installed or otherwise and material on hand owned or used in connection*2912  therewith; and 2.  Approximately 1,800 miles of long distance telephone lines.  The intangible property transferred by the old companies to the new company on April 21, 1905, consisted of certain perpetual franchises for the operation of telephone exchanges at Osage, Charles City, Mason City and Sheldon; working agreements for connections between the transferred toll lines and a number of local exchanges; an agreement with the American Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co. for toll line connection and service in Minneapolis, Minn.; and the good will acquired by or developed in the operation of the properties sold.  In the distribution of the stock of the new company to the shareholders of the vendors the petitioner received 1,224 shares thereof as full payment for all his stock interests in the said vendors of which the par value was $122,400.  In 1910 or 1911 he acquired 442 shares of the new company at a cost not disclosed by the record.  At March 1, 1913, he still retained the ownership of all such shares.  In 1919 he sold 1,662 shares acquired as above, and received $90 per share therefor, or a total of $149,580.  In his income-tax return for that year he reported that the cost*2913  of such shares of stock was $162,842.76 and that no gain resulted from the sale thereof.  Upon examination and audit the Commissioner determined that the value of such stock at March 1, 1913, was $50 per share and upon that basis *786  computed a gain of $40 per share, or a total of $66,480, added such amount to the income of the petitioner for the year 1919, and asserted the deficiency here involved.  In the course of his activities in the telephone business the petitioner organized and acquired an interest in a company that owned 575 miles of toll lines in the neighborhood of Mitchell, S. Dak.  These toll lines were sold in 1903 for $127,500.  The density of population in the vicinity of Mitchell in 1903 was much below that in the territory of the old companies in 1905.  The book value of the stock of the Western Electric Telephone System at March 1, 1913, was $981,466, but this value included intangibles in the amount of $773,198.82.  OPINION.  LANSDON: There is no dispute over the transaction upon which the respondent based his determination that the petitioner in 1919 realized profit from the sale of capital assets in the amount of $66,480.  The sole controversy*2914  here relates to the basis upon which the profit from such sale, if any, should be computed.  The respondent has determined that the March 1, 1913, value is the proper basis and has held that the stock in question had a value of $50 per share at that date.  The petitioner separates the 1,662 shares of stock sold in 1919 into lots, one of which he avers was acquired in 1905 at a cost in excess of the sales price and the other much later, but prior to March 1, 1913, at a cost which he does not attempt to show, and undertakes to prove that the 1,224 shares first acquired cost him more than the sales price and that the 442 shares had a value at March 1, 1913, in excess thereof.  The transaction in which the petitioner acquired 1,224 shares of stock in 1905 was complicated, but by cutting through all the forms and verbiage of the sales contract and the issue and reissue of stock it is easily understood.  The three old companies in which the petitioner owned an undisclosed stock interest were in financial difficulties just prior to April 21, 1905.  They had outstanding bonds in the amount of $150,000; they owed large amounts on current and unfunded obligations; and they were without free*2915  capital for use in operations.  They tried, without success, to float additional bonds.  In this situation a deal was made with the Bell Company, which caused the new company to be organized to acquire and operate the properties of the vendors.  The deal was carried out and the new company issued its stock and paid cash as provided in the sales contract and thereby acquired all the tangible and intangible assets of the old companies.  Thereafter the vendors distributed 4,900 shares of such stock to their several shareholders and transferred 5,100 *787  shares to a trustee for the benefit of the Bell Company for $42,000 in cash.  When all the details of the transaction were complete, the petitioner had disposed of all his stock interest in the old companies and in payment or liquidation thereof had received 1,224 shares of stock of the new company.  The petitioner contends that the cost of the stock so acquired must be measured by his interest in the fair market value of the assets of the old companies as and when transferred, and that such interest was greatly in excess of the par value of the stock received.  If his theory is sound and he proves that the assets of the vendor*2916  companies at April 21, 1905, had the value which he alleges, he must prevail here, since it is now well established that gain from the sale of capital assets, acquired prior to March 1, 1913, must be based on cost if such cost is greater than the fair market value or price at March 1, 1913.  He argues that inasmuch as he received 1,224 of the 4,900 shares distributed by the old companies to their stockholders, his interest in the old companies was 1224/4900 of the value of their assets at the date of their transfer to the new company, and that the cost of the shares which he received in liquidation of his interests in the old companies was that fraction of the total net value of the assets of the vendor companies at April 21, 1905.  Since the petitioner owned none of the assets of any of the old companies by reason of his stockholdings therein, it is clear that the cost of the stock to him can not be ascertained by a mere evaluation of a fraction of such property.  What the petitioner owned was stock in the old companies, and whatever he received in the circumstance here must have been in liquidation of such stock.  The real problem here is to determine the value of the stock of*2917  the new company which was distributed to the petitioner in exchange for his stock interests in the old companies.  It is in evidence that the Bell Company paid $42,000 to the old companies and received 5,100 shares of the stock of the new company.  This would seem to establish the value of the stock at a little below $8 per share, but it is not at all clear that the acquisition of stock by the Bell Company was a transaction at arm's length or of such a nature as to establish the actual or the cash value of the shares.  We must, therefore, if possible, determine the value of the stock by ascertaining the value of the assets back of it.  ; . In support of his theory of the cost of the stock to him the petitioner adduced much evidence for the purpose of proving the value of the assets transferred to the new company.  Charles Webster, Chairman of the Board of Railway Commissioners, was the principal witness examined on this point.  He has been a member of such *788  board for 11 years.  He was at one time vice president of the Western Electric Telephone Co., one of the vendors.  He has*2918  built several telephone properties in Minnesota.  He has financed telephone, electric light, and gas companies at Prescott and Bisbee, in Arizona, and at Kansas City, and for a long time, and especially during the year preceding the hearing, has been more or less in touch with the telephone business.  He testified that in his opinion toll lines similar to those sold to the new company were worth not less than $222 per mile in 1905, and that at that date a lical telephone exchange in a small city had a value of from $125 to $150 per installed telephone.  He also testified that he was familiar with the toll lines in Dakota which the petitioner sold for $222 per mile and that the similar lines transferred by the vendors to the new company were more valuable than such Dakota property.  The petitioner, testifying in his own behalf, agreed with Webster on the valuation of toll lines and telephone exchanges in 1905.  He also testified that the intangible property transferred to the new company had a very substantial value in 1905, but gave no figures except as to the perpetual franchise which one of the vendor companies had for the operation of an exchange at Mason City, which he regarded*2919  as worth at least $75,000.  If there were no collateral conflicting or contradictory facts affecting the weight of the evidence above summarized, we might reach the conclusion that the assets transferred by the old companies were worth approximately $1,000,000.  It is certain, however, that against such assets in the hands of the vendors there were obligations in amounts not disclosed by the record.  We do not know when the toll lines and exchanges were built, or at what cost, or to what extent depreciation had been sustained prior to the transfer.  Except the petitioner's unsupported opinion of the value of the perpetual franchise for the operation of a telephone exchange at Mason City, we have no evidence of the cost or value of the intangibles which were taken into the accounts of the new company at a figure in excess of $500,000.  Nor is there any evidence of an immediate appreciation of the value of the property resulting from its acquisition by the new company.  With so many unknown or uncertain factors affecting the value of the property in question, we are unable, on the record here, to find the value at the date of issue of the shares of stock of the new company which the*2920  petitioner received in liquidation of his stock interests in the old companies.  The only evidence offered by the petitioner in support of his contention that the 442 shares acquired in 1910 or 1911 had a fair market value or price at March 1, 1913, greater than the sales price received in 1919 is a trial balance of the new company as of February 28, *789  1913, which shows a book value of $98.246 per share.  If such evidence were proof of value, there would be no tax controversy here since the book value at March 1, 1913, is greater than the sales price received in the taxable year.  The record discloses that from its organization in 1905 until after March 1, 1913, the new company earned no operating profits and that included in the assets account at the basic date was a great mass of intangibles concerning which we have no information either as to cost or value.  There is no evidence as to either lot of stock sufficient to overcome the presumption that the Commissioner's determination of value at March 1, 1913, is the proper basis for computing the gain resulting from the sale thereof in 1919.  Decision will be entered for the respondent.