Court Opinion

ID: 9374922
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-24 17:04:18.840684+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:54.105196
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA

                               COURT OF APPEAL

                                 FIRST CIRCUIT

                                NO, 2022 KA 0995

                              STATE OF LOUISIANA

                                      VERSUS

                                DEDRICK LABEE

                                               Judgment Rendered:   FEB. 2 4 20

                                 On Appeal from the
                              21 st Judicial District Court
                      Parish of Tangipahoa, State of Louisiana
                               Trial Court No. 2002627

              The Honorable Brenda Bedsole Ricks, Judge Presiding

Lieu T. Vo Clark                         Attorney for Defendant -Appellant,
Mandeville, Louisiana                    Dedrick Labee

Scott M. Perrilloux                      Attorneys for Appellee,
District Attorney                        State of Louisiana
Zachary Daniels
Assistant District Attorney
Livingston, Louisiana

             BEFORE: GUIDRY, C. J., WOLFE, AND MILLER, JJ.
WOLFE, I

         The defendant, Dedrick Labee,'      was charged by grand jury indictment with

second degree murder (count 1),       a violation of La. R.S. 14: 30. 1; armed robbery with

the use of    firearm (count 2), a violation of La. R.S. 14: 64; and obstruction ofjustice

by tampering with evidence (count 3),       a violation of La. R.S. 14: 130. 1.   He pled not

guilty and, following a jury trial, was found guilty as charged on counts 1 and 3.        He

was found not guilty on count 2, the armed robbery charge.             He filed a motion for

post -verdict judgment of acquittal, which was denied. For the second degree murder

conviction, the trial court sentenced the defendant to life imprisonment at hard labor

without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. For the obstruction

of justice by tampering with evidence conviction,              the trial court sentenced the

defendant to forty -years imprisonment at hard labor.          The sentences were ordered to

run consecutively.      The defendant now appeals, designating two assignments of

error.
         For the following reasons, we affirm the convictions and sentences.

                                           FACTS

         Kenneth Zahn owns Z Equipment (hereinafter " the shop")           in Hammond that

sells and repairs tractors and lawn equipment.              His cousin, Wayne Bourliea, Jr.,

worked at the shop. According to the testimony of Barbara Labee, the defendant' s

ex -sister-in-law, and Kenneth, Barbara brought her mower to the shop for repairs on

June 25, 2020. Some of the repairs were for blades and a tube for a front tire. Wayne

did the repairs and prepared the work order ticket. Kenneth testified that Barbara

paid a $45 deposit with an outstanding balance of $92. 16. On July 17, 2020, Barbara

paid the balance for the repairs and the mower was picked up.            Behind his counter,

Kenneth kept a gun inside a gun bag with the grip of the gun protruding outside of

the bag.

1 Throughout the appellate record the defendant is referred to by the name Dedrick L. Labee;
however, the defendant' s correct middle name is Charles.

                                               2
        Lawrence Labee, IV, the defendant' s nephew, testified that on July 29, 2020,

the day of the incident, he spoke to the defendant several times on the phone.

Lawrence, who was in Texas at the time, indicated the defendant told him that on

the morning of July 29, the defendant went to the shop to discuss a price discrepancy

over the repairs to Barbara' s mower. The defendant and the man behind the counter

 Wayne) began arguing about the receipt. As the argument escalated, the defendant

felt his life was in danger. The defendant produced a gun and shot Wayne several

times. The defendant left the shop then returned shortly thereafter and took Wayne' s
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cell phone.
              Lawrence informed the police of the shooting.

        Law enforcement officers learned that the defendant shot Wayne five times,

including in the back of the head, killing him. Wayne' s body was found behind the

shop counter.   The defendant had a permit to carry a gun. Wayne did not have any

weapon in his hands nor on his person, and the gun that Kenneth kept behind the

counter appeared to be partially out of the gun bag, but it was not clear if this is how

the gun was always holstered. Also, the gun was loaded but never fired.

        Other than the defendant, there was no eyewitness to the shooting.                The

defendant used his estranged wife' s truck to drive to the shop.       After the defendant

shot and killed Wayne, he left the shop, then returned shortly thereafter.         When he

left the shop the second time, he dropped the truck off at his wife' s place of

employment, then called his nephew, Brennen Labee, to pick him up and bring him
home.    The defendant did not contact the police that day. The following day,

however, the defendant communicated with Detective Wiley Foster, whom the
defendant knew, and turned himself in. The gun the defendant used to kill Wayne

was never found.    No cash was taken from the register or safe in the shop.

2 Customer Andrew Thomas was the first person to discover Wayne' s body and called 911.

                                              3
        The defendant testified at trial, giving his version of events that led to the

shooting of Wayne. The defendant went with Brennen to the shop in June of 2020

to have the tire and blades repaired on Barbara' s mower. The defendant paid $ 15

for the tire repair,3 but did not tell Barbara this. When Barbara got the mower back,

the tire was still flat and the defendant noted on Barbara' s receipt that she had been

charged for the tire repair.       The defendant went to the shop alone on July 20, 2020,

to discuss the overcharge for repairs. The defendant approached the counter and told

Wayne that he had a dispute with the receipt. The defendant showed Wayne the

receipt.   While Wayne agreed he had written that receipt, the defendant told Wayne

there was another receipt.         They began to argue. When the defendant told Wayne

there was an extra charge on the receipt, Wayne got agitated and began shaking and

banging on the counter. Wayne told the defendant he was a " lying [n ----r.]"                When

the defendant told Wayne the tire was not even fixed, Wayne became even more

irate and told the defendant, " I' m       going to kill your black ass."

        Wayne then made a motion and went down behind the counter.                             The

defendant, having seen people who carry guns on their ankles, thought that Wayne

was going for a gun around his ankle.             The defendant retrieved a gun from a holster

in his waistband and shot at Wayne several times.                   While shooting, the defendant

could not see Wayne' s face, but shot Wayne as he was bent over. The defendant

then grabbed Wayne' s phone and ran out the store.                 After driving away in the truck,

the defendant returned to the shop and retrieved his holster that had fallen near the

shop door. The defendant then dropped the truck off to his wife and called Brennen

to pick him up.

3 It is not clear if the defendant paid $ 15 or $27 for the tire repair.

                                                     4
                    ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR NOS. 1 AND 2

       In these related assignments of error, the defendant argues, respectively, the

evidence was insufficient to convict him of second degree murder because the State

failed to prove he did not act in self-defense; and the trial court erred in denying his

motion for post -verdict judgment of acquittal.

                               STANDARD OF REVIEW

       A conviction based on insufficient evidence cannot stand as it violates Due

Process. See U.S. Const. amend. XIV; La. Const. art. 1, §         2. The standard of review

for the sufficiency of the evidence to uphold a conviction is whether or not, viewing

the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact

could have found that the State proved the essential elements of the crime beyond a

reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789, 61

L.Ed.2d 560 ( 1979).     See La. Code Crim. P. art. 821( B); State v. Ordodi, 2006-

0207 ( La. 11129106), 946 So. 2d 654, 660.              The Jackson standard of review,

incorporated in Article 821, is an objective standard for testing the overall evidence,

both direct and circumstantial, for reasonable doubt. When analyzing circumstantial
evidence, La. R.S. 15: 438 provides that the factfinder must be satisfied the overall

evidence excludes every reasonable hypothesis of innocence.                 State v. Patorno,

2001- 25 85 ( La. App. 1 st Cir. 6/ 21/ 02),   822 So. 2d 141, 144.

                                       DISCUSSION

       Second degree murder is the killing of a human being when the offender has

a specific intent to kill or to inflict great bodily harm.            La. R.S. 14: 30. 1( A)( 1).

Specific criminal intent is " that state of mind which exists when the circumstances

indicate that the offender actively desired the prescribed criminal consequences to

follow his act or failure to act."    La. R. S. 14: 10( 1).   Specific intent may be formed

in an instant.   State v. Mickelson, 2012- 2539 ( La. 913/ 14), 149 So. 3d 178, 183.

Because it is a state of mind, specific intent need not be proven as a fact, but may be

                                                5
inferred from circumstances surrounding the offense and the defendant' s actions.

Mickelson, 149 So. 3d at 182.    It has long been recognized that specific intent to kill

may be inferred from a defendant' s act of pointing a gun and firing at a person. State

v. Reed, 2014- 1980 ( La. 917116), 200 So. 3d 291, 309, cert. denied, _      U.S. _,   137

S. Ct. 787, 197 L.Ed.2d 258 ( 2017).   See State v. Eby, 2017- 1456 ( La. App. 1 st Cir.

416/ 16), 248 So. 3d 420, 424, writ denied, 2018- 0762 ( La. 2111119), 263 So. 3d 1153.

Specific intent to kill may also be inferred from the extent and severity of the

victim' s injuries and the defendant' s use of a deadly weapon to produce those

injuries, which involved serious risk of death.     State v. Thomas, 2019- 0409 ( La.

App. 1st Cir. 10125119), 289 So. 3d 1030, 1038.

      In the instant case, the defendant does not deny that he shot and killed Wayne.

He contends, rather, that the homicide was justifiable because he acted in self-

defense.   According to the defendant, when Wayne bent over behind counter, the

defendant thought that Wayne was retrieving a gun.

      Louisiana Revised Statutes 14: 20 ( A) provides, in pertinent part:

      A homicide is justifiable:
               1)   When committed in self-defense by one who reasonably
      believes that he is in imminent danger of losing his life or receiving
      great bodily harm and that the killing is necessary to save himself from
      that danger.

              2) When committed for the purpose of preventing a violent or
      forcible felony involving danger to life or of great bodily harm by one
      who reasonably believes that such an offense is about to be committed
      and that such action is necessary for its prevention.    The circumstances
      must be sufficient to excite the fear of a reasonable person that there
      would be serious danger to his own life or person if he attempted to
      prevent the felony without the killing.
      When a defendant in a homicide prosecution claims self-defense, the State

must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the homicide was not committed in self-

defense.   State v. Bates, 95- 1513 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 1118196),   683 So. 2d 1370, 1375.

On appeal, the relevant inquiry is whether or not, after viewing the evidence in the

light most favorable to the prosecution, a rational factfinder could have found

                                            3
beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant did not act in self-defense. State v.

Williams, 2001- 0944 ( La. App. 1 st Cir. 12128101),     804 So. 2d 932, 939, writ denied,

2002- 0399 (La. 2114/ 03),   836 So.2d 135; State v. Fisher, 95- 0430 ( La. App. 1st Cir.
5110/ 96), 673 So. 2d 721, 723, writ denied, 96- 1412 ( La. 1111196), 681 So. 2d 1259.

       The defendant testified that as the argument escalated between him and

Wayne in the shop, Wayne told him that he was going to kill him.           The defendant

further indicated that when Wayne bent over, the defendant thought Wayne was

retrieving a gun holstered on his ankle; the defendant therefore leaned over the

counter and shot Wayne several times.            Based on the defendant' s testimony, it

appears he had been in the shop only twice —once         when he spoke to Kenneth and

the other time when he disputed the charge with Wayne.         Accordingly, it seems the

defendant did not know Wayne before meeting him on the day of the shooting and

nothing in the defendant' s own testimony suggested he was even aware there was a

gun behind the counter.       Moreover, after the shooting, the gun was found still

holstered in the zip bag it had been originally placed in by the owner.       Wayne had

no weapon in his hand before or after he was shot.

       Wayne' s body was found face -down behind the counter. He was shot four

times in the back of his body and once in the right side of his chest. The shots to the

back of the body were to the right arm, upper back, lower back, and the back -right

side of his head.   All four of these wounds had stippling which, according to Dr.

Michael Defatta who performed the autopsy, meant the shooting was at a relatively

close range, or from one foot to about three -and -one- half feet away.    The wound to

the right side of Wayne' s chest did not have stippling, which indicated the shooting

was from a greater distance than the four shots to the back of the body. Accordingly,

if the defendant' s version of events is believed regarding Wayne' s actions before he

was   shot,
              the jury could have rationally concluded that,       from a distance,   the

                                             7
defendant first shot Wayne in the chest.'              As the defendant closed in on Wayne to

shoot him again, Wayne ducked behind the counter to avoid being shot again. While

Wayne was crouched behind the counter ( clearly not to get a gun strapped to his

ankle),   the defendant leaned over the counter and shot him several more times in the

back of his body. According to the defendant, Wayne was bent down for twenty to

thirty seconds. In any event, the defendant shot Wayne four times in the back of his

body, including in the back of the head. Defendant' s response to Wayne' s alleged

agitation and threat to kill the defendant, was excessive and unnecessary.                 See State

v. Mincey, 2008- 1315 ( La. App. 3rd Cir. 613109),            14 So. 3d 613, 615- 16.

        Accordingly, the jury could have reasonably found that the fatal force used by

the defendant was not reasonable under the circumstances. There was no evidence

that Wayne was armed or had armed himself with any weapon and, as such, the

defendant could not have reasonably believed it was necessary to shoot and kill

Wayne because he was in imminent danger of losing his life or receiving great bodily

harm.     See La. R.S. 14: 20( A)( 1);     State v. Eugene, 2003- 1128 ( La. App. 5th Cir.

1127/ 04), 866 So.2d 985, 992- 93, writ denied, 2004- 0515 ( La. 1114105), 889 So. 2d

263.    See also State v. Ducre, 596 So.2d 1372, 1379- 80 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 3/ 6/92),

writ denied, 600 So. 2d 637 ( La. 1992).               The instant defense did not produce any

evidence or testimony at trial to corroborate or verify the self-serving statements of

the defendant that he acted in self-defense.              See State v. Dyson, 2011- 0857 ( La.

App. 1st Cir. 3/ 23/ 12),   2012 WL 996968, * 6- 7 ( unpublished); State v, Seals, 2009-

1089 ( La. App. 5th Cir. 12/ 29/ 11), 83 So. 3d 285, 309- 10, writ denied, 2012- 0293

 La. 10/ 26/ 12), 99 So. 3d 53,       cert.   denied, 569 U.S. 1031,         133 S. Ct. 2796, 186

L.Ed.2d 863 ( 2013).

 Dr. Defatta indicated Wayne was shot in the right side of his chest and that the bullet exited the
upper portion of the left side of his chest. The trajectory of the bullet was from right to left.

                                                   8
         In finding the defendant guilty, it is clear the jury rejected the claim of self-

defense and concluded that the use of deadly force under the particular facts of this

case was neither reasonable nor necessary.        Moreover, the defendant' s actions in

failing to report the shooting and fleeing from the scene are not consistent with a

theory of self-defense. See State v. Emanuel -Dunn, 2003- 0550 ( La. App. 1 st Cir.

1117103), 868 So. 2d 75, 80, writ denied, 2004- 0339 ( La. 6125104), 876 So. 2d 829;

State v. Wallace, 612 So.2d 183, 191 (       La. App. 1st Cir. 1992),   writ denied, 614

So.2d 1253 ( La. 1993).     Flight following an offense reasonably raises the inference

of a " guilty mind."   State v. Captville, 448 So. 2d 676, 680 n.4 ( La. 1984).

         While the defendant did contact a police officer whom he knew the following

day, the defendant did nothing moments after shooting Wayne to assist him or to call

for help. Instead, the defendant fled the shop, then returned minutes later either to

take Wayne' s phone or to retrieve his gun holster he had dropped while leaving the

shop.    When asked why he went back to get his holster, the defendant responded

because his fingerprints were on it.    The defendant then drove away from the shop

and tossed Wayne' s phone out of his window. Further, the gun the defendant used

to kill Wayne was never found.      According to the defendant, he dismantled the gun,

banged it on the concrete, and threw it in the woods.

         The jury can accept or reject the testimony of any witness.           To resolve

conflicting testimony relative to factual matters, the jury must make credibility

determinations and weigh the evidence. Eby, 248 So. 3d at 426. See State v. Mire,

2014- 2295 ( La. 1127116),     269 So. 3d 698, 700- 01 (   per   curiam).    The Jackson

standard of review does not permit a reviewing court to substitute its own

appreciation of the evidence for the factfinder' s, assess the credibility of witnesses,

or reweigh evidence.      See State v. McGhee, 2015- 2140 ( La. 6129117), 223 So. 3d

1136, 1137 ( per curiam);    State v. Calloway, 2007- 2306 ( La. 1121109),    1 So. 3d 417,

422 (   per curiam).   Thus, in the absence of internal contradiction or irreconcilable

                                             01
conflict with the physical evidence, one witness' s testimony, if believed by the jury,

is sufficient to support a factual conclusion.      State v. Higgins, 2003- 1980 ( La.

411105),   898 So. 2d 1219, 1226, cert. denied, 546 U. S. 883, 126 S. Ct. 182, 163

L.Ed. 2d 187 ( 2005).    An appellate court errs by substituting its appreciation of the

evidence and credibility of witnesses for that of the factfinder and thereby

overturning a verdict based on an exculpatory hypothesis of innocence presented to,

and rationally rejected by, the jury. Eby, 248 So. 3d at 426-27.

       When a case involves circumstantial evidence and the jury reasonably rejects

the hypothesis of innocence presented by the defendant, that hypothesis falls, and

the defendant is guilty unless there is another hypothesis which raises a reasonable

doubt. Captville, 448 So. 2d at 680.    The jury heard all of the testimony and viewed

the evidence presented to it at trial and found the defendant guilty. In finding the

defendant guilty, the jury clearly rejected the defense' s theory of self-defense.

       After a thorough review of the record, we find that the evidence supports the

jury' s guilty verdict. We are convinced that viewing the evidence in the light most

favorable to the State, any rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable

doubt, and to the exclusion of every reasonable hypothesis of innocence, that the

defendant was guilty of the second degree murder of Wayne Bourliea, Jr.              See

Calloway, 1 So. 3 d at 418.

       We find the trial court did not err in denying the motion for post -verdict

judgment of acquittal.    Accordingly, these assignments of error are without merit.

       CONVICTIONS AND SENTENCES AFFIRMED.

                                            10