Court Opinion

ID: 6594023
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-20 20:00:34.418737+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:30:53.110116
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUL 20 2022
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

LONNIE E. LARSON, an individual,                No.    20-16496

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                1:19-cv-00150-JAO-RT
 v.

LIBERTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE                   MEMORANDUM*
COMPANY; JOHN/JANE DOES, I-X,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Hawaii
                      Jill Otake, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted March 18, 2022**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: CHRISTEN and BRESS, Circuit Judges, and LYNN,*** District Judge.

      Appellant Lonnie Larson appeals the district court’s grant of summary

judgment for Appellee Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Company (“Liberty”),

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable Barbara M. G. Lynn, Chief United States District
Judge for the Northern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
holding, based on a prior settlement agreement and the applicable statute of

limitations, that Larson’s tort claims arising out of the handling of his workers’

compensation claim are barred. We have jurisdiction to review Larson’s appeal

under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

      In February 2002, Larson filed for workers’ compensation under a policy

issued by Liberty, claiming he was struck by lightning while at work (the

“Incident”). The Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations determined

that Larson’s claim was compensable. Liberty appealed. From 2008–12, Larson

filed five lawsuits against Liberty, alleging that Liberty handled Larson’s workers’

compensation claim in bad faith.

      On May 11, 2015, Larson and Liberty entered into a “Release, Settlement

and Indemnification Agreement” (the “2015 Agreement”), which settled Larson’s

suit against Liberty and released Larson’s claims against Liberty “arising out of

[its] handling of [his] claim for Workers Compensation Benefits” relating to the

Incident. The 2015 Agreement “applies to all injuries, damages and losses

resulting from matters related to the subject accident, even though now

unanticipated, unexpected and unknown,” and states Larson’s intent to release

Liberty “of and from any and all claims that he may have against [it] for all items

of damage . . . and/or any other past or future damages claimed or that could be

claimed by [Larson] in connection with the Claims Released,” and Larson also

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acknowledges that he had entered the 2015 Agreement with full knowledge, and

advice of counsel, and that the release constituted the parties’ entire agreement.

Larson signed the release and was paid consideration. In 2017, Larson settled his

underlying workers’ compensation claim.

      On March 26, 2019, Larson filed the suit against Liberty at issue here,

alleging that Liberty interfered with Larson’s receiving workers’ compensation and

payment of medical bills resulting from the Incident. Larson contended he

understood the 2015 Agreement did not release those claims.

      Both sides moved for summary judgment. The district court granted

summary judgment to Liberty based on the 2015 Agreement. In the alternative, the

district court found Larson’s claims untimely.

      We review de novo the summary judgment and may affirm on any ground

supported by the record. Chemehuevi Indian Tribe v. Newsom, 919 F.3d 1148,

1150–51 (9th Cir. 2019). This Court “must determine whether there are any

genuine issues of material fact and whether the district court correctly applied the

relevant substantive law.” Christian v. Umpqua Bank, 984 F.3d 801, 808 (9th Cir.

2020) (quoting Dominguez-Curry v. Nev. Transp. Dep’t, 424 F.3d 1027, 1033 (9th

Cir. 2005). We affirm.

      1.     Larson’s claims are barred by the 2015 Agreement. We review de

novo the district court’s interpretation of the settlement agreement. Parsons v.

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Ryan, 949 F.3d 443, 453 (9th Cir. 2020), cert. denied sub nom. Shinn v. Jensen,

141 S. Ct. 1054 (2021). Under Hawaiian law, “[a] properly executed settlement

agreement generally precludes future litigation for its parties.” State Farm Fire &

Cas. Co. v. Pac. Rent-All, Inc., 978 P.2d 753, 761 (Haw. 1999). Here, the 2015

Agreement’s plain language resolves all claims relating to the handling of Larson’s

workers’ compensation claim, excluding only the workers’ compensation claim

itself. All of Larson’s claims relate to Larson filing for workers’ compensation and

Liberty’s handling of that claim. These claims are covered by the release in the

2015 Agreement.

      Larson argues that the 2015 Agreement is ambiguous, and that parol

evidence must be consulted to determine the parties’ intent. The parol evidence

rule “precludes the use of extrinsic evidence to vary or contradict the terms of an

unambiguous and integrated contract.” Hawaiian Ass’n of Seventh-Day Adventists

v. Wong, 305 P.3d 452, 461 (Haw. 2013). “A contract is ambiguous when its terms

are reasonably susceptible to more than one meaning.” Id. The 2015 Agreement is

not ambiguous as to the broad release given.

      Larson makes two arguments for the first time on appeal: that he

misunderstood the release in the 2015 Agreement because he was defrauded by

Liberty’s attorneys, and that in any case, Hawaii’s public policy counsels against

release of future claims.

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      Unless there are exceptional circumstances, this Court does not consider

arguments raised for the first time on appeal. El Paso City v. Am. W. Airlines, Inc.,

217 F.3d 1161, 1165 (9th Cir. 2000). Here, there are no such circumstances.

Larson contends that his declaration filed below said Liberty’s attorneys used

“vague, ambiguous, confusing, and contradictory language that didn’t make sense

to me at the time . . . they were tricking me to insulate themselves.” This claim

was not briefed below, and so it was not preserved for appeal.

      As to his public policy argument, the district court expressly noted that

Larson “has not argued that, under Hawai’i law, a release of future claims . . . is

unenforceable as a matter of public policy or otherwise.” Accordingly, this

argument was waived and will not be considered.

      2.     In the alternative, the district court properly found that Larson’s

claims were barred by the two-year statute of limitations. See Haw. Rev. Stat.

§ 657-7; EEOC v. NCL Am., 535 F. Supp. 2d 1149, 1169 (D. Haw. 2008);

Christiansen v. First Ins. Co. of Haw., 967 P.2d 639, 647 (Haw. Ct. App. 1988), as

amended (Apr. 22, 1998), aff’d in part, rev’d in part on other grounds, 963 P.2d

345 (Haw. 1998). Hawaii tort claims accrue when the plaintiff “discovers or

should have discovered the negligent act, the damage, and the causal connection

between the former and the latter.” Hays v. City & Cnty. of Honolulu, 917 P.2d

718, 723 (Haw. 1996).

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      The pertinent date for assessing timeliness here is March 26, 2017, two years

before the Complaint was filed. The Complaint contains no allegations of

wrongful acts occurring or discovered after March 26, 2017, nor did Plaintiff

identify any such acts at the summary judgment hearing. The statute of limitations

thus ran before this lawsuit was filed.

      Larson’s contention that the statute of limitations was tolled until March 28,

2017, when Liberty paid his workers’ compensation claim, is without merit. See

generally Hun v. Ctr. Props., 626 P.2d 182 (Haw. 1981) (holding that plaintiffs’

claims were time-barred and that the limitations period was not “tolled during the

pendency of the worker’s compensation proceedings” because the “purposes

underlying the statute of limitations would clearly be frustrated by tolling the

statute” during such proceedings).

      In his Reply, Larson argues for the first time that Hawaii’s six-year statute of

limitations for breach of contract should apply. Because Larson did not make this

argument before the district court or in his Opening Brief, this argument was

forfeited.

      AFFIRMED.

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