Court Opinion

ID: 2726368
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:01:56.867019+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:42:33.302052
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of                                              Sep 23 2013, 5:34 am
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the
case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                         ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

KAREN M. HEARD                                  GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Vanderburgh County Public Defender’s Office     Attorney General of Indiana
Evansville, Indiana
                                                JUSTIN F. ROEBEL
                                                Deputy Attorney General
                                                Indianapolis, Indiana

                              IN THE
                    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

TERRY REXING,                                   )
                                                )
       Appellant-Defendant,                     )
                                                )
              vs.                               )        No. 82A01-1212-CR-561
                                                )
STATE OF INDIANA,                               )
                                                )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                      )

               APPEAL FROM THE VANDERBURGH SUPERIOR COURT
                       The Honorable Robert J. Pigman, Judge
                          Cause No. 82D02-1208-FB-876

                                    September 23, 2013

               MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

GARRARD, Senior Judge
          Terry Rexing appeals his convictions of dealing in methamphetamine, a Class A

felony, Ind. Code § 35-48-4-1.1; possession of chemical reagents or precursors with the

intent to manufacture a controlled substance, a Class D felony, Ind. Code § 35-48-4-14.5;

maintaining a common nuisance, a Class D felony, Ind. Code § 35-48-4-13; false

informing, a Class B misdemeanor, Ind. Code § 35-44-2-2;1 and criminal recklessness, a

Class B misdemeanor, Ind. Code § 35-42-2-2. He also appeals the sentence the trial court

imposed for these convictions and for being a habitual offender. We affirm.

          Anthony Werne leased an apartment located above an insurance agency in

Evansville. An elementary school is just across the street. In March 2012, Werne

allowed Rexing to move in. Rexing slept in the apartment’s one bedroom, and Werne

slept on a couch. Rexing kept his belongings in the bedroom and frequently locked the

door to the bedroom even when he was not present.

          On August 2, 2012, Werne purchased medicine containing pseudoephedrine, a

precursor of methamphetamine.              He gave the medicine to Rexing.   In addition, at

Rexing’s request Werne contacted an acquaintance to see if he had any plastic tubing.

Later that day, Werne was watching television in the apartment when Rexing walked out

of the bedroom. Rexing told Werne that something in the bedroom had caught fire, and

he needed help. Werne went into the bedroom and saw a small fire on the floor under a

window. Werne put out the fire with water, and as he did so Rexing picked up items on

the bedroom floor.

1
    Subsequently recodified as Indiana Code section 35-44.1-2-3.
                                                     2
       Meanwhile, firefighters were dispatched to Werne’s apartment in response to a

report of smoke coming out of the building. When the firefighters arrived, Werne, acting

on Rexing’s instructions, initially refused to let them in. The firefighters entered the

apartment despite Werne’s objections and told the men to evacuate. Werne and Rexing

went outside. When a police officer arrived, Rexing tried to walk away, but the officer

stopped him from leaving.

      A fire investigator entered the apartment and found two burnt areas, one on the

floor under a window, and another in a closet. The investigator also saw precursors and

other items used in the manufacture of methamphetamine. He concluded that someone

had been making methamphetamine under the window when the apparatus caught fire,

and someone had then placed the burnt items in the closet.

      Meanwhile, a police officer interviewed Rexing. Rexing claimed that Werne slept

in the bedroom and owned the precursors and other methamphetamine-related items that

were found there.

      The State charged Rexing with dealing in methamphetamine as a Class B felony,

possession of precursors with intent to manufacture a controlled substance, maintaining a

common nuisance, false informing, criminal recklessness, and being a habitual substance

abuser. Rexing filed a request for a speedy trial. Prior to trial, the State amended the

charging information to increase the charge of dealing in methamphetamine to a Class A

felony, alleging that Rexing committed the offense within 1000 feet of a school. The

State also charged Rexing with being a habitual offender. The trial court permitted the

amendments over Rexing’s objection.

                                            3
       In addition, prior to trial the State notified Rexing that it intended to present to the

jury evidence that Rexing had purchased medicine containing pseudoephedrine several

times and that stores had blocked him from purchasing medicine containing

pseudoephedrine several times in the months prior to the fire. Rexing objected and filed

a motion in limine. The trial court denied his motion after a hearing.

       Rexing was tried on all counts except being a habitual offender. Among other

evidence, the State presented testimony and an exhibit to show that Rexing had twice

purchased medicine containing pseudoephedrine and that stores had twice blocked him

from purchasing medicine containing pseudoephedrine in the month prior to the

apartment fire. The jury found him guilty as charged. Next, Rexing pleaded guilty to

being a habitual offender. The court sentenced Rexing to an aggregate sixty-year term.

This appeal followed.

                                          ISSUES

       Rexing raises five issues, which we consolidate and restate as:

       I.     Whether the trial court erred in allowing the State to amend the charging
              information.

       II.    Whether the trial court abused its discretion in admitting evidence.

       III.   Whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain Rexing’s conviction for
              dealing in methamphetamine.

       IV.    Whether Rexing’s sentence is inappropriate.

                                              4
                            DISCUSSION AND DECISION

               I. AMENDMENT OF THE CHARGING INFORMATION

      Rexing argues that the trial court should not have permitted the State to amend the

charging information to charge him with dealing in methamphetamine within 1000 feet of

a school and with being a habitual offender. The State claims that Rexing has waived

this argument. We address the State’s claim of waiver.

      The governing statute provides, in relevant part:

      The indictment or information may be amended in matters of substance and
      the names of material witnesses may be added, by the prosecuting attorney,
      upon giving written notice to the defendant at any time:

      *****

      (2) before the commencement of trial;

      if the amendment does not prejudice the substantial rights of the defendant.

Ind. Code § 35-34-1-5(b). A defendant’s failure to request a continuance after a trial

court allows a pre-trial substantive amendment to the charging information over

defendant’s objection results in waiver of the issue for appellate review. Wilson v. State,

931 N.E.2d 914, 918 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans. denied.

      Rexing generally objected to the State’s amendments but did not request a

continuance. Consequently, Rexing has waived this claim.

      Rexing notes that he had requested a speedy trial, and he contends that being

required to request a continuance to preserve this claim for appellate review would have

effectively forced him to abandon his right to a speedy trial. Our supreme court has

determined that a speedy trial request does not negate waiver in this circumstance. See

                                            5
Haymaker v. State, 667 N.E.2d 1113, 1114 (Ind. 1996). In any event, Rexing could have

requested a continuance and contemporaneously refiled his request for a speedy trial. See

Miller v. State, 563 N.E.2d 578, 582 (Ind. 1990).

                            II. ADMISSION OF EVIDENCE

       Rexing argues the trial court erred in admitting into evidence a surveyor’s map

and testimony and evidence showing that Rexing had purchased and unsuccessfully

attempted to purchase medicine containing pseudoephedrine several times during the

month prior to the fire.

       The decision to admit or exclude evidence lies within the trial court’s discretion.

Sisson v. State, 985 N.E.2d 1, 14 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied. An abuse of

discretion occurs when the trial court’s decision is against the logic and effects of the

facts and circumstances before it. Id. Evidence admitted in error may not require

reversal if the error is found to be harmless. Overstreet v. State, 783 N.E.2d 1140, 1156

(Ind. 2003).   Evidence meets this standard if it does not prejudice the defendant’s

substantial rights. Id. If erroneously admitted evidence is cumulative of other evidence,

the erroneous admission is harmless error and does not require reversal. Teague v. State,

978 N.E.2d 1183, 1189 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012).

       We begin with the surveyor’s map. The State offered the map at trial to establish

that Rexing’s apartment was located within 1000 feet of a school. Rexing argues: (1) the

State failed to disclose the map to him prior to trial, (2) the map was not properly

authenticated, (3) the map is hearsay, and (4) introduction of the map into evidence

                                            6
without testimony from the person or entity that prepared the map violated his right to

confront witnesses under the federal and state constitutions.

       We conclude that any error in the admission of the map was harmless. An officer

testified at trial that the school was “across the street” from Rexing’s apartment. Tr. p.

67. The jury also saw numerous photographs depicting the school and the apartment

building, and they could have reasonably determined from the photographs that the

school was located well within 1000 feet of Rexing’s apartment. Consequently, the map

was cumulative of the officer’s testimony and the photographs, and there was no

reversible error.

       Next, Rexing contends the court should not have admitted testimony and an

exhibit regarding his purchases and attempted purchases of pseudoephedrine in the month

prior to the fire at his apartment. He claims the admission of such evidence violated

Indiana Evidence Rule 404(b), which provides, “Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or

acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in

conformity therewith.”    Rule 404(b) further provides that evidence of other crimes,

wrongs, or acts may “be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, intent,

preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.”

       Rule 404(b) is designed to prevent a jury from assessing a defendant’s guilt on the

basis of past propensities. Wilhelmus v. State, 824 N.E.2d 405, 414 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005).

In assessing the admissibility of evidence under Rule 404(b), a court must: (1) determine

whether the evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is relevant to a matter at issue other

                                             7
than the defendant’s propensity to commit the charged act, and (2) balance the probative

value of the evidence against its prejudicial effect pursuant to Evidence Rule 403. Id.

       Here, while cross-examining Werne, Rexing questioned him about his purchase of

pseudoephedrine on August 2, 2012, the day of the apartment fire. Rexing also cross-

examined Werne about his efforts to obtain plastic tubing on the same day. Furthermore,

during closing arguments, Rexing asserted that Werne was the methamphetamine

manufacturer, not him. Thus, Rexing placed into issue the question of who prepared or

planned to manufacture methamphetamine and disputed the identity of the

methamphetamine manufacturer. Evidence that Rexing had repeatedly purchased and

attempted to purchase pseudoephedrine in the past month was relevant to establish

preparation, plan, and identity under Rule 404(b). See Wilhelmus, 824 N.E.2d at 415

(determining that in a prosecution for manufacturing methamphetamine, evidence of

Wilhelmus’s past involvement in manufacturing methamphetamine was relevant to

establish identity).

       In addition, we conclude the probative value of evidence of Rexing’s purchases

and unsuccessful attempts to purchase pseudoephedrine outweighed its prejudicial effect.

The evidence was unlikely to unduly prejudice the jury against Rexing because Werne

also admitted to the jury that he had purchased pseudoephedrine. Thus, the trial court did

not abuse its discretion in admitting such evidence.

    III. SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE – DEALING METHAMPHETAMINE

       Rexing argues there is insufficient evidence to support his conviction for dealing

in methamphetamine because he says Werne committed the crime.

                                             8
       When an appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence, we do not reweigh

the evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. Joslyn v. State, 942 N.E.2d 809,

811 (Ind. 2011). We consider only the probative evidence and reasonable inferences

supporting the verdict, and we will affirm if the evidence and reasonable inferences could

have allowed a reasonable trier of fact to find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable

doubt. Id.

       In order to convict Rexing of dealing in methamphetamine as charged, the State

was required to prove that he:      (1) knowingly or intentionally (2) manufactured or

possessed with the intent to manufacture (3) methamphetamine (4) within 1000 feet of

school property. Ind. Code § 35-48-4-1.1.

       At trial, Werne testified about Rexing’s exclusive use of the bedroom where the

methamphetamine apparatus and precursors were found and Rexing’s actions on the day

in question. This was sufficient evidence from which a reasonable jury could have

determined beyond a reasonable doubt that Rexing, not Werne, manufactured

methamphetamine. Rexing’s challenges to Werne’s testimony amount to a request to

reweigh the evidence, which our standard of review forbids.

                                    IV. SENTENCING

       Rexing asks this Court to reduce his sentence for dealing in methamphetamine,

claiming it is inappropriate when combined with the habitual offender enhancement.

       A sentence authorized by statute can be revised on appeal where it is inappropriate

in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender. Conley v. State, 972

N.E.2d 864, 876 (Ind. 2012) (citing Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B)). The goal of our

                                             9
review is not to determine whether another sentence is more appropriate but rather

whether the sentence imposed is inappropriate. Id. The burden is on the defendant to

persuade us that the sentence is inappropriate. Coleman v. State, 946 N.E.2d 1160, 1170

(Ind. 2011).

         Here, the court sentenced Rexing to thirty years for dealing in methamphetamine,

enhanced by thirty years for the habitual offender determination. The trial court ordered

that Rexing’s sentences on his other convictions, none of which exceeded one year,

would be served concurrently with the dealing conviction, for a total sentence of sixty

years.

         Turning to the nature of the offense, Rexing manufactured methamphetamine in an

upstairs apartment across the street from an elementary school. Children were present on

the school’s playground when the police arrived at Rexing’s apartment. The health

hazards of the manufacturing process are well known. Indeed, in this case Rexing’s

apparatus caught fire, posing a risk to the entire building and to neighboring structures.

         Next, we turn to the character of the offender. Rexing has seven prior felony

convictions, and several of them are for possessing or dealing in methamphetamine. In

addition, Rexing has numerous misdemeanor convictions, including several for purchases

of pseudoephedrine in amounts beyond the statutory limit. It reflects poorly on him that

he continues to commit the same crimes over and over again. In addition, Rexing, who

was forty years old at sentencing, has no work history and has used methamphetamine on

a daily basis since age twenty. He has failed to persuade us that his sixty-year sentence is

inappropriate.

                                             10
                                   CONCLUSION

     For the reasons stated above, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

     Affirmed.

FRIEDLANDER, J., and MAY, J., concur.

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