Court Opinion

ID: 2677671
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-06-10 05:00:35.062922+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:35:47.855036
License: Public Domain

Case: 13-31133         Document: 00512656463         Page: 1    Date Filed: 06/09/2014

            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                     FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
                                                                             United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                      Fifth Circuit

                                       No. 13-31133                                  FILED
                                     Summary Calendar                              June 9, 2014
                                                                               Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                    Clerk
CALLOU CORPORATION,

                                                    Plaintiff–Appellant
v.

3600 ALVAR, L.L.C.; AGGREGATE & RECYCLED MATERIAL, L.L.C.,

                                                    Defendants–Appellees

                     Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Eastern District of Louisiana
                                USDC No. 2:13-CV-45

Before REAVLEY, JONES, and PRADO, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
       Justice Holmes said, “General propositions do not decide concrete
cases.” 1 Well, in this case, our general rule of waiver does. The underlying
dispute in this case is over who owns a pile of 20,000 tons of recycled processed
concrete lingering in a yard at 3600 Alvar Street, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Plaintiff–Appellant Callou Corporation (“Callou”) asserts it is entitled to the

       * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
CIR. R. 47.5.4.
       1   Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45, 75 (1905) (Holmes, J., dissenting).
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concrete under an agreement it had with Clifford Smith, the owner of
Defendant–Appellee 3600 Alvar, L.L.C. (“3600 Alvar”). Smith later declared
bankruptcy, and the bankruptcy trustee allegedly sold the concrete to
Defendant–Appellant Aggregate & Recycled Material, L.L.C. (“Aggregate”).
Callou filed a declaratory judgment action against 3600 Alvar and Aggregate
seeking a court order declaring that the concrete belongs to Callou and
authorizing Callou to remove the concrete from 3600 Alvar Street. The district
court granted 3600 Alvar and Aggregate’s (“Defendants”) motion for summary
judgment and entered final judgment. We affirm.
                            I.   BACKGROUND
      The facts in this case are essentially undisputed. In 2010, Callou agreed
to loan Clifford Smith $20,000; in exchange, Smith agreed to transfer
ownership of 20,000 tons of processed recycled concrete to Callou.         They
memorialized their agreement in a written contract which said, in pertinent
part: “in consideration of Callou writing $20,000 for deposit on said equipment,
Smith transfers immediately to Callou 20,000 tons of processed recycled
concrete. Callou will have the choice of Smith’s locations from which to take
the concrete such as Smith’s Almonaster or Alvar yards in New Orleans.”
Callou also filed a UCC-1 financing statement in which Callou listed itself as
the “creditor” and Smith as the “debtor,” and described the collateral as “20,000
tons of processed concrete.”
      Callou never collected the concrete.
      In 2012, Smith filed for bankruptcy. Aggregate purchased concrete and
rock aggregate from the trustee of Smith’s bankruptcy estate. Callou alleges
this concrete is located in Smith’s yard at 3600 Alvar Street, New Orleans, and
belongs to Callou.

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       Callou sued in federal court seeking a judgment declaring that Callou is
the owner of the concrete and authorizing Callou to remove the concrete from
the yard at 3600 Alvar Street.
       The Defendants together moved for summary judgment arguing, inter
alia, that even if the agreement was a valid contract for sale, ownership never
transferred. The Defendants argued this was so because the agreement sold
the concrete “by weight”—i.e., “Smith transfers . . . 20,000 tons of processed
recycled concrete”—and under Louisiana law, ownership does not transfer
when things are sold “by weight” unless and until the owner “weighs, counts,
or measures the thing.” See La. Civ. Code art. 2458. 2 Because the concrete
was never weighed, the Defendants argued, ownership had never transferred
to Callou.
       Before the district court, Callou did not file an opposition to the
Defendants’ motion for summary judgment. Review of the record reveals that
Callou presented only one argument to the district court, and that argument
was in its cross-motion for summary judgment. The entirety of Callou’s only
argument before the district court is as follows.                Callou averred, “it is
undisputed that Callou is the owner of the 20,000 tons” of concrete, and argued
“[a]s such, there is no genuine issue of material fact as all parties agree that
Callou is the owner of the 20,000 tons of [concrete] in question, and therefore,
Callou is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
       The district court granted summary judgment for the Defendants and
denied Callou’s cross-motion for summary judgment. The court concluded
Callou and Smith had a valid contract that intended to transfer ownership of
the 20,000 tons to Callou, but found that the concrete was sold under the

       2 Article 2458 provides: “When things are sold by weight, tale, or measure, ownership
is transferred between the parties when the seller, with the buyer’s consent, weighs, counts
or measures the things.” La. Civ. Code art. 2458.
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contract “by weight” within the meaning of Louisiana Civil Code article 2458.
The court explained that the agreement sold the concrete “by weight” because
the contract “provided for immediate transfer of 20,000 tons of concrete but
[Callou] was allowed to make up this amount by taking it from any one of
Smith’s several yards. There was no designated pile or specific yard . . . . There
was no container . . . that contained all of [Callou’s] concrete.” The court
concluded that, because the concrete had never been weighed, ownership did
not transfer to Callou, and Callou did not own the concrete.
      The district court entered judgment for the Defendants, and Callou
timely appealed.
                            II.   DISCUSSION
      This Court has jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 to review the district
court’s final judgment. We review a grant of summary judgment de novo.
Coleman v. Hous. Indep. Sch. Dist., 113 F.3d 528, 533 (5th Cir. 1997).
Summary judgment is appropriate if “the movant shows that there is no
genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment
as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). We view all facts in the light most
favorable to the nonmovant and draw all reasonable inferences in the
nonmovant’s favor.     See Coleman, 113 F.3d at 533.        Even so, conclusory
allegations will not defeat a properly supported motion for summary judgment.
Whelan v. Winchester Prod. Co., 319 F.3d 225, 228 (5th Cir. 2003) (citing Fed.
R. Civ. P. 56(e)).
      On appeal, Callou argues the district court erred by granting the
Defendants’ motion for summary judgment for three reasons: (1) weighing the
concrete was unnecessary to transfer ownership under industry custom; (2) the
sales agreement, properly interpreted, evinces the parties’ intent to create a
joint business venture not a sale by weight; and (3) “equity requires that Callou
be declared the owner” because Callou “never received any benefit of their
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bargain.” The Defendants contend “all of the arguments raised by Callou in
it[s] [Opening] Brief are entirely new, and were never presented to or
considered by the District Court.” They argue Callou has therefore waived
these arguments. We agree.
       “Under this Circuit’s general rule, arguments not raised before the
district court are waived and will not be considered on appeal unless the party
can demonstrate ‘extraordinary circumstances.’”                  AG Acceptance Corp. v.
Veigel, 564 F.3d 695, 700 (5th Cir. 2009). 3 “Extraordinary circumstances” exist
only if the appellant establishes “the issue involved is a pure question of law
and a miscarriage of justice would result from our failure to consider it.” N.
Alamo Water Supply Corp. v. City of San Juan, 90 F.3d 910, 916 (5th Cir.
1996).
       Review of the record in this case reveals that Callou did not present the
arguments it now asserts on appeal to the district court. In its complaint,
Callou asserted only that it owned the 20,000 tons of concrete “[u]nder the
terms of the Agreement.” The Defendants argued in their motion for summary
judgment that Callou was not the owner of the 20,000 tons of concrete because
it “was never weighed by the parties,” and they specifically cited Louisiana
Civil Code article 2458, the provision on which the district court’s decision
ultimately relied. Thus, Callou was on notice of this argument; even so, Callou
declined to file an opposition to the Defendants’ summary judgment motion.
Callou did file a cross-motion for summary judgment, but even there, Callou
did not raise the arguments it now presses on appeal.                        Because these

       3 See also Singleton v. Wulff, 428 U.S. 106, 120 (1976) (“[T]he general rule . . . that a
federal appellate court does not consider an issue not passed upon below . . . is ‘essential in
order that parties may have the opportunity to offer all the evidence they believe relevant to
the issues and in order that litigants may not be surprised on appeal by final decision there
of issues upon which they have had no opportunity to introduce evidence.’” (citation and
alterations omitted) (quoting Hormel v. Helvering, 312 U.S. 552, 556 (1941))).
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arguments were not made to the district court, they are presented for the first
time on appeal, and we “will not disturb the district court’s judgment” on these
grounds. Pluet v. Frasier, 355 F.3d 381, 384–85 (5th Cir. 2004).
      Callou did not file a reply to the Appellees’ brief and, therefore, did not
elect to respond to the Defendants–Appellees’ waiver argument; however,
Callou did file a response to the Defendants–Appellees’ Federal Rule of
Appellate Procedure (“Rule”) 38 motion for sanctions and costs. 4 Therein,
Callou does not argue or otherwise establish “extraordinary circumstances”
exist allowing us to consider its waived arguments. Instead, Callou responds
that its various arguments on the sale-by-weight issue are properly before us
on appeal because the sale-by-weight issue was, as a general matter, “explicitly
discussed in the district Court’s Order and Reasons,” such that “it is part of the
record . . . available for discussion on appeal.” Callou misconstrues our waiver
rule. The onus is on the appellant to press a particular argument before the
district court so that the district court has a “sufficient opportunity to consider
this argument”; just because the district court discusses an issue as a general
matter in its ruling does not mean the court had an opportunity to consider
that particular argument. Pluet, 355 F.3d at 385 n.2. In sum, Callou seeks to
try the sale-by-weight issue “anew because it has discovered [several] more
attractive theor[ies],” and this we do not allow. McDonald v. Bd. of Miss. Levee
Comm’rs, 832 F.2d 901, 909 (5th Cir. 1987).
                                III.    CONCLUSION
      For the reasons stated above, we will not consider Callou’s arguments
raised for the first time on appeal. Therefore, we AFFIRM.
      Appellees also filed a motion under Rule 38, in which they argue Callou’s
appeal is frivolous, seeking damages. Although, for the reasons stated above,

      4   The Appellees’ Rule 38 motion is discussed infra at Part III.
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the appeal is without merit, we do not find it “entirely devoid of colorable
merit.” See Coghlan v. Starkey, 852 F.2d 806, 811–12 (5th Cir. 1988) (awarding
damages under Rule 38 on account of appellant’s “conclusory assertions of an
alleged right in an appellate brief that cites only two cases, and fails to explain
even those two.”). Therefore, Appellees’ Rule 38 motion is DENIED. However,
because the judgment of the district court is affirmed, costs are taxed against
Callou consistent with Rule 39(a)(2).

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