Court Opinion

ID: 9890564
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-13 16:10:21.059415+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:20:31.947162
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Tolson, 2023-Ohio-3734.]

                               IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                  SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                        GREENE COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO                                     :
                                                   :
       Appellee                                    :   C.A. No. 2022-CA-31
                                                   :
 v.                                                :   Trial Court Case No. 2018CR0692
                                                   :
 RUSSELL W. TOLSON                                 :   (Criminal Appeal from Common Pleas
                                                   :   Court)
       Appellant                                   :
                                                   :

                                              ...........

                                              OPINION

                                      Rendered on October 13, 2023

                                              ...........

ADAM JAMES STOUT, Attorney for Appellant

MEGAN A. HAMMOND, Attorney for Appellee

                                             .............

LEWIS, J.

        {¶ 1} Defendant-Appellant Russell W. Tolson appeals from a judgment filed after

a resentencing hearing in the Greene County Common Pleas Court. For the following

reasons, we vacate the May 16, 2022 judgment of the trial court.

           I.    Facts and Procedural History
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       {¶ 2} On September 13, 2018, Tolson was charged by way of bill of information

with one count of sexual battery, in violation of R.C. 2907.03(A)(2), a felony of the third

degree.     That same day, Tolson entered a negotiated guilty plea to the offense as

charged, understanding that he would be classified as a Tier III sex offender and be

subject to a mandatory period of post-release control (“PRC”) for five years. While the

State agreed to recommend a prison term of four years, Tolson was free to argue for any

sentence.

       {¶ 3} On December 13, 2018, Tolson was sentenced to a prison term of 48 months

and ordered to register as a Tier III sex offender. Tolson was advised that he would be

required to serve a mandatory five-year term of PRC upon his release from prison and

was informed that, as a potential consequence of violating a condition of PRC, he could

be sent back to prison for up to one-half of the original prison term. That same day, a

judgment entry was issued reflecting the above-described sentence with the exception

that the mandatory term of PRC was listed as three years, not five years. Neither party

appealed from the December 13, 2018 judgment entry.

       {¶ 4} On May 12, 2022, the trial court issued a notice for a hearing on a “motion

for resentencing,” although no motion for resentencing had been filed. On May 16, 2022,

a resentencing hearing was held at which the trial court re-imposed Tolson’s sentence as

stated at the original sentencing hearing and “corrected” the mandatory term of PRC to

five years. A new judgment entry was filed on May 16, 2022, reflecting the correct PRC

as a mandatory term of five years. It is from this judgment that Tolson appeals.

       {¶ 5} Initially, Tolson’s appointed appellate counsel filed a brief pursuant to Anders
                                                                                         -3-

v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967), indicating that counsel

could not find any non-frivolous issues on appeal. Following our Anders review, we

found at least one non-frivolous issue regarding whether the trial court had complied with

any necessary statutory requirements to justify the resentencing hearing or even whether

the resentencing hearing was permissible.        Consequently, we set aside counsel’s

Anders brief and appointed new counsel.

       {¶ 6} Tolson now raises two assignments of error related to his resentencing.

Tolson first requests this Court to vacate the May 16, 2022 judgment entry, because the

resentencing was barred by the doctrine of res judicata and the trial court failed to comply

with R.C. 2929.191(C). Alternatively, Tolson argues in his second assignment of error

that the resentencing hearing was void because there was no motion filed before the trial

court to invoke a hearing under Crim.R. 47. The State agrees that res judicata barred

the trial court from resentencing Tolson but argues that neither R.C. 2929.191(C) nor

Crim.R. 47 apply. We agree the May 16, 2022 judgment entry should be vacated, but

for reasons other than those suggested by either party.

        II.   Analysis

       {¶ 7} Beginning in 1996 with the comprehensive revision of Ohio’s Criminal Code

that occurred as a result of Am.Sub.S.B.No. 2, felony offenders sentenced to prison were

no longer placed on parole but were subject to a period of supervision called “post-release

control” by the adult parole authority (“APA”) upon their release from prison. Woods v.

Telb, 89 Ohio St.3d 504, 508, 733 N.E.2d 1103 (2000). “Post-release control” means a

period of supervision by the APA after a prisoner's release from imprisonment, other than
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under a term of life imprisonment, that includes one or more PRC sanctions imposed

under R.C. 2967.28. R.C. 2967.01(N). R.C. 2967.28 created a statutory scheme to

impose PRC on qualifying offenders sentenced to prison, specified whether the PRC

imposed by the parole board would be mandatory or discretionary, and identified the

length of time the PRC term would last depending on the nature and level of offense for

which the defendant had been convicted. Although the applicable statutes, including

R.C. 2967.28 and 2929.19, have been renumbered and amended over the years, the

substantive requirements of notification have essentially stayed the same. Accordingly,

trial courts are required to inform felony offenders at the sentencing hearing that they

either will be supervised or that they may be supervised under R.C. 2967.28 upon their

release from prison. R.C. 2929.19(2)(d) and (e). Additionally, trial courts are required

to inform felony offenders at the sentencing hearing that, if a period of supervision is

imposed following their release from prison and the offender violates that supervision or

a condition of PRC, the parole board may impose a prison term, as part of the sentence,

of up to one-half of the prison term originally imposed. R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(f).

      {¶ 8} Early on, the Supreme Court advised that a trial court was required to notify

offenders at the sentencing hearing of their PRC requirements and was required to

incorporate the PRC notifications into the judgment entry. State v. Jordan, 104 Ohio

St.3d 21, 2004-Ohio-6085, 817 N.E.2d 864, ¶ 22, overruled on other grounds by State v.

Harper, 160 Ohio St.3d 480, 2020-Ohio-2913, 159 N.E.3d 248. More recently, the Ohio

Supreme Court has advised that “to validly impose [PRC] when the court orally provides

all the required advisements at the sentencing hearing, the sentencing entry must contain
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the following information: (1) whether [PRC] is discretionary or mandatory, (2) the duration

of the [PRC] period, and (3) a statement to the effect that the Adult Parole Authority * * *

will administer the [PRC] pursuant to R.C. 2967.28 and that any violation by the offender

of the conditions of [PRC] will subject the offender to the consequences set forth in that

statute.” State v. Grimes, 151 Ohio St.3d 19, 2017-Ohio-2927, 85 N.E.3d 700, ¶ 1,

overruled on other grounds by Harper.         The question that repeatedly arose and,

unfortunately, continues to arise is what to do when the trial court errs in notifying the

offender of PRC at the time of sentencing or when the court fails to include that

information in the sentencing entry.

       {¶ 9} In Jordan, the Supreme Court advised that, because the trial court must

statutorily provide notice of PRC at the sentencing hearing, failure to do so resulted in a

sentence that was contrary to law and therefore void. Where a sentence was void, the

proper remedy was to resentence the defendant. Jordan at ¶ 23, citing State v. Beasley,

14 Ohio St.3d 74, 471 N.E.2d 774 (1984). The case law that followed clarified that,

because a void sentence was treated as though no sentence had been entered, the

sentence could be corrected at any time prior to the expiration of the journalized entry so

long as the trial court provided a de novo sentencing hearing. Harper at ¶ 30-31.

       {¶ 10} Shortly after Jordan, the Ohio Supreme Court again considered the effect

of a trial court’s failure to properly impose PRC in Hernandez v. Kelly, 108 Ohio St.3d

395, 2006-Ohio-126, 844 N.E.2d 301. In Hernandez, following a resentencing hearing,

the trial court failed to notify Hernandez that he would be subject to PRC and failed to

incorporate a period of PRC into its judgment entry. Id. at ¶ 4. Nevertheless, upon his
                                                                                        -6-

release from prison, Hernandez was placed on PRC, which he then violated. Due to the

PRC violations, the APA imposed a prison term and ordered supervision to continue upon

his release. Hernandez filed a writ of habeas corpus upon his return to prison. Id. at

¶ 7. In deciding to grant a writ, the Supreme Court held that the APA “was not authorized

to put Hernandez on [PRC] and sanction him for violating the terms of that control in the

absence of appropriate notification of [PRC] by the trial court and incorporation of [PRC]

in its sentencing entry.” Id. at ¶ 32. Furthermore, because Hernandez had completed

his prison sentence, PRC could not be corrected, and the only proper remedy was to

grant the writ and release him. Id.

      {¶ 11} In response to Hernandez, the General Assembly enacted Am.Sub.H.B.

137, which added a new related statute, R.C. 2929.191, which became effective July 11,

2006. State v. Clark, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2012-CA-16, 2013-Ohio-299, ¶ 17, 19. The

statute compelled a trial court to hold a hearing before a corrected sentencing entry could

be issued and set forth specific requirements that had to be satisfied both prior to and

during the hearing. R.C. 2929.191(C). Although the statute was intended to apply to

all offenders subject to PRC, the Ohio Supreme Court held that the procedures

established in R.C. 2929.191 to correct errors in the imposition of PRC were not

retroactive and only applied to sentences imposed on and after the effective date, July

11, 2006. State v. Singleton, 124 Ohio St.3d 173, 2009-Ohio-6434, 920 N.E.2d 958,

paragraph two of the syllabus.     Thus, for sentences that were imposed prior to the

statute’s effective date, trial courts were to continue using the previous procedures,

namely, finding that the sentence was void and subject to a de novo sentencing hearing.
                                                                                         -7-

Id. at paragraph one of the syllabus. Accordingly, which procedure applied depended

upon whether the offender had been sentenced before or after July 11, 2006.

       {¶ 12} Subsequent cases challenged the voidness doctrine that applied to errors

that arose in the imposition of PRC. For example, in State v. Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d

92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, the Supreme Court held that “[a] sentence that

does not include the statutorily mandated term of [PRC] is void, is not precluded from

appellate review by principles of res judicata, and may be reviewed at any time, on direct

appeal or by collateral attack.” Id. at paragraph one of the syllabus, overruled by Harper,

160 Ohio St.3d 480, 2020-Ohio-2913, 159 N.E.3d 248. However, Fischer further held

that if the error was in the imposition of PRC, then only that portion of the sentence was

void, and the new sentencing hearing was limited solely to the proper imposition of PRC;

res judicata still applied to other aspects of the merits of a conviction. Id. at paragraphs

two and three of the syllabus. Likewise, a sentencing hearing held pursuant to R.C.

2929.191 to correct errors in the imposition of PRC was limited solely to the proper

imposition of PRC. State v. Minkner, 194 Ohio App.3d 694, 2011-Ohio-3106, 957 N.E.2d

829 (2d Dist.).

       {¶ 13} In 2020, the Court decided State v. Harper, 160 Ohio St.3d 480, 2020-Ohio-

2913, 159 N.E.3d 248, in which it addressed the interplay between the imposition of PRC

and a void judgment. In 2013, Harper pleaded guilty to a third-degree felony. At his

sentencing hearing, Harper was sentenced to three years in prison and a mandatory

three-year term of PRC upon his release from prison. Id. at ¶ 7-8. Harper was orally

informed at his sentencing hearing of the consequences of violating PRC, but that notice
                                                                                          -8-

was not incorporated into the judgment entry. Id. Neither Harper nor the State filed a

direct appeal.

       {¶ 14} In 2017, Harper was released from prison and placed on PRC, which he

subsequently violated. After he was charged with violating his PRC, Harper attempted

to vacate that portion of his sentence, claiming that it was void because the judgment

entry had failed to comply with the Court’s requirement in State v. Grimes, 151 Ohio St.3d

19, 2017-Ohio-2927, 85 N.E.3d 700, that notice of the failure to comply with PRC must

be contained in the judgment entry to be enforced. Harper at ¶ 9. The trial court denied

Harper’s motion to vacate, and he appealed.         The Tenth District Court of Appeals

affirmed the denial of Harper’s motion to vacate but remanded the matter to the trial court

and ordered the court to enter a nunc pro tunc entry to correct the error. Id. at ¶ 10.

       {¶ 15} The Ohio Supreme Court accepted the case for review. In reviewing the

history of its jurisprudence involving sentencing errors, the Court attempted to “realign

[the Court’s] precedent in cases involving the imposition of [PRC] with the traditional

understanding of what constitutes a void judgment.” Id. at ¶ 4. In so doing, the Court

held that “[w]hen a case is within a court’s subject-matter jurisdiction and the accused is

properly before the court, any error in the exercise of that jurisdiction in imposing [PRC]

renders the court’s judgment voidable, permitting the sentence to be set aside if the error

has been successfully challenged on direct appeal.” Id.

       {¶ 16} In Harper’s case, the trial court had had subject-matter jurisdiction and

Harper had been properly before the court. Therefore, “[a]ny error in imposing the [PRC]

sanction in his sentence was an error in the exercise of the trial court’s jurisdiction that
                                                                                           -9-

could have been objected to at trial and may have been reversible error on direct appeal.”

Id. at ¶ 41. Notably, if a judgment is merely voidable, not void, the doctrine of res judicata

bars a party from raising and litigating in any proceeding, except a direct appeal of that

judgment, claims that were raised or could have been raised in the trial court. State v.

Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 178-180, 226 N.E.2d 104 (1967). Accordingly, the Court held

that, because Harper’s sentencing error involving PRC had been voidable, not void, he

could have raised his argument to correct PRC on direct appeal. His failure to do so,

however, precluded him from raising it later due to the doctrine of res judicata. Harper

at ¶ 41.

       {¶ 17} The Ohio Supreme Court reaffirmed this holding in State v. Hudson, 161

Ohio St.3d 166, 2020-Ohio-3849, 161 N.E.3d 608, and State v. Bates, 167 Ohio St.3d

197, 2022-Ohio-475, 190 N.E.3d 610. As in Harper, the judgment entry in Hudson did

not include notice of the consequences of violating PRC, in violation of Grimes. Hudson

at ¶ 3. The Court reiterated that “the failure to include notice of the consequences of

violating [PRC] as required by Grimes renders the sentence voidable, not void, and

subject to the doctrine of res judicata.” Id. at ¶ 2, citing Harper at ¶ 41. Accordingly, “[a]

sentence is void when the sentencing court lacks jurisdiction over the subject-matter of

the case or personal jurisdiction over the accused. When the sentencing court has

jurisdiction to proceed to judgment, sentencing errors in imposing [PRC] render the

sentence voidable, not void, and the doctrine of res judicata will apply to collateral attacks

on it.” Id. at ¶ 17.

       {¶ 18} In Bates, though the transcript of the sentencing hearing was not included
                                                                                         -10-

in the record, it was uncontested that the trial court had failed to include in the original

judgment entry a statement that PRC was mandatory and that a violation of PRC would

subject Bates to the consequences set forth in R.C. 2967.28. Bates at ¶ 1. Ten years

after his original sentencing, and while he was still serving his sentence, the court held a

classification hearing on Bates’ sexual-predator status. In the midst of the hearing, the

prosecutor raised an issue concerning the lack of PRC notifications. Id. at 4. The trial

court advised Bates of his PRC obligations and journalized them in a new sentencing

entry, from which Bates appealed.

       {¶ 19} The Supreme Court in Bates reaffirmed the holdings in Harper and Hudson

that “[a]n attack on a trial court’s imposition of [PRC] in a sentence must be brought on

direct appeal or it will be barred by res judicata.” Id. at ¶ 32. The issue in Bates,

however, focused on whose burden it was to raise the PRC error on direct appeal.

Because the trial court's error in imposing the PRC portion of the sentence was to Bates's

benefit, the Court held that the State had been the aggrieved party and, therefore, it had

been the State’s burden to challenge the trial court’s error on direct appeal. Id. at ¶ 22.

       {¶ 20} In this case, Tolson was sentenced for his conviction of a felony sex offense.

Therefore, at the December 13, 2018 sentencing hearing, the trial court was required to

inform Tolson that he would be subject to a mandatory term of PRC supervision for a five-

year period upon his release from prison. R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(d); R.C. 2967.28(B)(1).

       {¶ 21} When this Court conducted its Anders review, the record did not include the

transcript from the December 13, 2018 sentencing hearing. Following the appointment

of new counsel and subsequent briefing, the record was supplemented with a copy of the
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December 13, 2018 sentencing transcript. The transcript revealed that the trial court had

correctly imposed a mandatory term of five years PRC at the December 13, 2018

sentencing hearing and had informed Tolson of the possible consequences of violating

PRC. Thus, the only error was in the trial court’s judgment entry, which erroneously

stated that Tolson was subject to a mandatory three years of PRC instead of five years.

      {¶ 22} Because Tolson was charged with a felony, the common pleas court was

the proper forum for trying his case, and it had both subject-matter jurisdiction over the

case and personal jurisdiction over the parties.     See Article IV, Section 4(B), Ohio

Constitution; R.C. 2931.03; and Harper, 160 Ohio St.3d 480, 2020-Ohio-2913, 159

N.E.3d 248, at ¶ 23-26. Relying on Harper and its progeny, both Tolson and the State

suggest that res judicata applied to prevent the trial court from resentencing Tolson to

correct the PRC in its judgment entry. We disagree.

      {¶ 23} In 2022, two years after Harper was decided, the Ohio Supreme Court

decided State ex rel. Randlett v. Lynch, 168 Ohio St.3d 568, 2022-Ohio-3260, 200 N.E.3d

236. In Randlett, the defendant was convicted in four different cases with an total of

more than 60 felony offenses that had occurred over the span of several years. One of

the four cases did not involve PRC, as the offenses were committed prior to when PRC

became part of Ohio’s sentencing scheme.        Id. at ¶ 3.   But because Randlett was

convicted of felony sex offenses in each of the other three cases, he was subject to a

mandatory five-year term of PRC. Id. at ¶ 4. Two of those cases presented situations

in which Randlett had been properly informed of PRC at the sentencing hearing, but the

judgment entry had not adequately reflected the PRC notifications. Prior to Randlett’s
                                                                                         -12-

release from prison, the State had requested that the court issue nunc pro tunc entries to

correct the PRC errors, which it did. Randlett then filed an original action in the court of

appeals seeking a writ of mandamus to compel the trial court to vacate the nunc pro tunc

entries. Id. at ¶ 9.

       {¶ 24} The Tenth District Court of Appeals held that Randlett had not shown a clear

legal right to relief in mandamus and denied the writ. Randlett appealed to the Ohio

Supreme Court, which accepted the case for review. Id. at ¶ 9-10.

       {¶ 25} Randlett argued that “the trial court's failure in 2003 to issue Grimes-

compliant sentencing entries benefited him and that the state therefore was the party that

had to appeal. In fact, he argue[d] that under State v. Harper, 160 Ohio St.3d 480, 2020-

Ohio-2913, 159 N.E.3d 248, and State v. Hudson, 161 Ohio St.3d 166, 2020-Ohio-3849,

161 N.E.3d 608, a direct appeal by the state was the only way to correct the trial court's

error.” (Emphasis sic.) Id. at ¶ 14. The Supreme Court rejected Randlett’s argument

and distinguished his case in a significant way.

       {¶ 26} According to the Court, because the trial court gave the statutorily required

notice at Randlett’s original 2003 sentencing hearing, the trial court was permitted to

correct the errors in its judgment entries with nunc pro tunc entries. Id. at ¶ 15, citing

Qualls, 131 Ohio St.3d 499, 2012-Ohio-1111, 967 N.E.2d 718; Crim.R. 36. The Court

explained: “In Bates, we concluded that res judicata barred the state from collaterally

attacking a sentence and from seeking a new sentencing entry imposing [PRC]. * * * Here,

in contrast, the state did not collaterally attack Randlett’s sentence; a proper nunc pro

tunc entry is not a collateral attack on the judgment it corrects.” (Emphasis sic.) Id. at
                                                                                          -13-

¶ 16.

        {¶ 27} Randlett further argued that under Harper, the trial court was prohibited from

issuing nunc pro tunc entries, because res judicata applied and the State did not

challenge the error on direct appeal. The Court also rejected this argument, explaining

that Harper did not prohibit issuing a nunc pro tunc entry to correct a clerical error. Id. at

¶ 17-18. Although not mentioned specifically by the Court, we note that in both Bates

and Harper, the cases could not have been remanded to the respective trial courts to

issue a corrected nunc pro tunc entry or conduct a R.C. 2929.191 hearing because both

defendants had been released from prison by the time the Ohio Supreme Court decided

the cases. Bates at ¶ 28; Harper at ¶ 8. In Randlett, on the other hand, the trial court

issued nunc pro tunc entries prior to his release from prison and, therefore, the entries

were valid.

        {¶ 28} Based on these most recent decisions from the Ohio Supreme Court, we

conclude that the trial court’s sole avenue to correct Tolson’s sentencing entry error was

through a nunc pro tunc entry, not through a resentencing hearing. Trial courts lack

authority to reconsider their own valid final judgments in criminal cases subject to two

exceptions under which the trial court retains continuing jurisdiction.        State ex rel.

Cruzado v. Zaleski, 111 Ohio St.3d 353, 2006-Ohio-5795, 856 N.E.2d 263, ¶ 18-19. A

trial court retains jurisdiction to correct a void sentence or to correct clerical errors in

judgments. Id. at ¶ 19. An error in the imposition of PRC does not render the judgment

void but merely voidable such that res judicata applies when the error is not raised on

direct appeal. Harper at ¶ 41. But “when a trial court properly notifies a defendant about
                                                                                         -14-

[PRC] at the sentencing hearing but fails to incorporate those advisements into the

sentencing entry, it may correct the omission as a clerical mistake under Crim.R. 36, to

reflect the notice that was in fact given at the hearing.” Randlett, 168 Ohio St.3d 568,

2022-Ohio-3260, 200 N.E.3d 236, at ¶ 15, citing Qualls at ¶ 24, 30. In these situations,

“[t]he original sentencing entry can be corrected to reflect what actually took place at the

sentencing hearing, through a nunc pro tunc entry, as long as the correction is

accomplished prior to the defendant's completion of his prison term.” Qualls at ¶ 24.

       {¶ 29} Under Randlett and Qualls, Tolson’s sentencing entry error could have been

corrected with a nunc pro tunc entry prior to his release from prison. Had the trial court

erred in imposing the PRC term at the time of the sentencing hearing, the parties would

have been correct that res judicata applied, since neither party challenged the error in a

direct appeal. But because the PRC error was merely clerical, res judicata would not

have prevented the trial court from correcting the error with a nunc pro tunc entry prior to

Tolson’s release from prison. Randlett at ¶ 15-16.

       {¶ 30} Although neither party contends that the trial court’s May 16, 2022 judgment

entry should be construed as a nunc pro tunc entry, for purposes of clarity we expressly

conclude that it cannot reasonably be considered a proper nunc pro tunc entry. See

Cruzado at ¶ 20, fn.1, overruled on other grounds by Harper (error in PRC in judgment

entry was not treated as a clerical error by the judge when he held a resentencing hearing

before entering the new judgment entry). “Crim.R. 36(A) permits trial courts to correct

clerical mistakes in judgments or orders arising from oversight or omissions, using a nunc

pro tunc entry.” (Citation omitted.) State v. Roach, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23317,
                                                                                           -15-

2010-Ohio-566, ¶ 3. “ ‘Nunc pro tunc’ means ‘now for then’ and is commonly defined as

‘[h]aving retroactive legal effect through a court's inherent power.’ * * * Therefore, a nunc

pro tunc entry by its very nature applies retrospectively to the judgment it corrects.”

(Citation omitted.) State v. Lester, 130 Ohio St.3d 303, 2011-Ohio-5204, 958 N.E.2d 142,

¶ 19.

        {¶ 31} The May 16, 2022 judgment entry was not issued to correct the clerical error

that occurred in the December 13, 2018 judgment entry, but to correct the court’s

perceived erroneous sentence and reflect what had happened at the May 16, 2022

resentencing hearing. This is emphasized by the de novo proceedings conducted on

May 16, 2022.

        {¶ 32} Because the May 16, 2022 judgment entry did not constitute a nunc pro

tunc entry, the next question for us consider is whether the May 16, 2022 judgment entry

was otherwise valid. The trial court did not identify under what legal basis it was holding

the resentencing hearing, but the parties suggest two possibilities: Crim.R. 47 and R.C.

2929.191.

                  a. Crim.R. 47

        {¶ 33} With regard to Tolson’s second assignment of error, both Tolson and the

State agree that the resentencing hearing was not properly held pursuant to Crim.R. 47.

We agree.

        {¶ 34} Crim.R. 47 does not specifically authorize a trial court to correct a sentence,

nor does it grant a trial court the ability to sua sponte hold a hearing. Rather, it dictates

the form that motions in criminal matters must take when filed in the trial court.   Crim.R.
                                                                                        -16-

47 states in relevant part that:

              An application to the court for an order shall be by motion. A motion,

       other than one made during trial or hearing, shall be in writing unless the

       court permits it to be made orally.     It shall state with particularity the

       grounds upon which it is made and shall set forth the relief or order sought.

       It shall be supported by a memorandum containing citations of authority,

       and may also be supported by an affidavit.

       {¶ 35} In this case, no motion requesting a resentencing hearing was filed by either

party. Nor is there any indication in the record that an opportunity occurred wherein the

trial court would have permitted a Crim.R. 47 motion to be made orally for a resentencing

hearing. Rather, it appears the trial court sua sponte decided to hold the hearing and,

therefore, Crim.R. 47 was inapplicable.       Accordingly, we sustain Tolson’s second

assignment of error.

                  b. R.C. 2929.191

       {¶ 36} The parties also addressed whether the trial court could have held the

resentencing hearing pursuant to R.C. 2929.191. While Tolson suggests that the trial

court could have utilized the procedural remedy in R.C. 2929.191, he argues that the trial

court failed to comply with the necessary statutory requirements in order for the May 16,

2022 judgment entry to be valid. The State, on the other hand, contends that R.C.

2929.191 did not apply to the facts at hand, because Tolson did not fall into one of the

three enumerated categories of defendants to whom R.C. 2929.191 applies.

       {¶ 37} R.C. 2929.191 applies to offenders “who have not yet been released from
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prison and who fall into at least one of three categories: those who did not receive notice

at the sentencing hearing that they would be subject to [PRC], those who did not receive

notice that the parole board could impose a prison term for a violation of [PRC], or those

who did not have both of these statutorily mandated notices incorporated into their

sentencing entries.” Singleton, 124 Ohio St.3d 173, 2009-Ohio-6434, 920 N.E.2d 958,

at ¶ 23. R.C. 2929.191(C) requires the trial court to hold a hearing, limited to correcting

the errors in PRC, prior to issuing a new sentencing entry. The rationale for holding a

new hearing to correctly impose PRC is that the court did not properly impose PRC in the

first place, and the defendant had either no notice or inadequate notice of all the

requirements of PRC. Qualls, 131 Ohio St.3d 499, 2012-Ohio-1111, 967 N.E.2d 718, at

¶ 23. But where a trial court properly notifies a defendant about PRC at the sentencing

hearing, the defendant had been put on notice of all the PRC requirements.

Consequently, if the trial court erroneously omits that information from the judgment entry,

that is merely a clerical mistake and may be corrected by a nunc pro tunc entry pursuant

to Crim.R. 36 prior to the defendant’s release from prison. Randlett, 168 Ohio St.3d 568,

2022-Ohio-3260, 200 N.E.3d 236, at ¶ 15. A proper nunc pro tunc entry does not create

a new judgment entry and is not a collateral attack on the judgment it corrects, because

it relates back to the original judgment entry “so that the record speaks the truth.” Id. at

¶ 16, quoting Qualls at ¶ 13.

       {¶ 38} In this case, Tolson was orally advised at his original sentencing hearing

that he would be subject to a mandatory term of PRC upon his release from prison. He

was further informed that if he violated any of the conditions of PRC, the parole board
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could impose a prison term, as part of the sentence, of up to one-half of the prison term

originally imposed. Tolson’s judgment entry reflected the same notifications. Thus,

Tolson did not fall into one of the three designated categories identified in Singleton. The

only error was in the judgment entry insofar as it included the wrong length of time for

which Tolson was required to remain on PRC. As established in Randlett and Qualls,

this error did not mandate a hearing such as that which is required for R.C. 2929.191,

and a nunc pro tunc entry would have been adequate.

       {¶ 39} We are mindful that this Court has previously reversed and remanded cases

for a R.C. 2929.191 hearing when a nunc pro tunc entry would have sufficed. See e.g.,

State v. Marriott, 189 Ohio App.3d 98, 2010-Ohio-3115, 937 N.E2d 614 (2d Dist.)

(reversing and remanding case for a R.C. 2929.191 hearing where the defendant was

properly notified of the mandatory five-year term of PRC at sentencing, but the judgment

entry stated he would face “up to a maximum” of five years of PRC). However, based

on the state of the current case law, we conclude that R.C. 2929.191 did not apply in this

case because, absent a direct appeal, a nunc pro tunc entry would have been the sole

proper remedy. Thus, although well intentioned, the trial court’s attempt to correct its

mistake by having a resentencing hearing was misguided. Tolson’s first assignment of

error is sustained.

       {¶ 40} While agreeing that this Court should vacate the May 16, 2022 sentencing

entry, the State asks this Court to “reinstate the December 13, 2018 sentencing, including

the imposition of five (5) years mandatory post[-]release control.” Brief of Appellant, p.

9. Because we sustain Tolson’s first assignment of error, albeit for other reasons, we
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will vacate the May 16, 2022 judgment entry, which, in effect, reinstates the December

13, 2018 judgment entry. However, we will not correct the December 13, 2018 judgment

entry to reflect the five-year mandatory term of post-release control.          Under similar

circumstances, the May 16, 2022 judgment entry would be vacated and the trial court

ordered to issue a nunc pro tunc entry to correct the clerical error. However, we take

judicial notice that Tolson has been released from prison on the charge underlying this

appeal. See https://appgateway.drc.ohio.gov/OffenderSearch/Search/Details/A749902

(accessed August 18, 2023); see also Appellant’s Brief, p. 6. Pursuant to Qualls, the

trial court can no longer issue a nunc pro tunc entry to correct the PRC portion of Tolson’s

judgment entry, because it cannot be “accomplished prior to the defendant's completion

of his prison term.” Qualls, 131 Ohio St.3d 499, 2012-Ohio-1111, 967 N.E.2d 718, at

¶ 24.

        {¶ 41} Finally, the State also asks this Court to waive the costs of this appeal

completely or, in the alternative, to order the parties to share the costs equally. The State

argues that because “the State did not create the error” from which Tolson appeals, “the

interests of justice do not support the State bearing full responsibility for the costs of this

appeal.” Brief of Appellee, p. 10. Tolson did not file a reply brief and therefore did not

address the State’s request.

        {¶ 42} App.R. 24 permits this Court to award costs as provided by law or as this

Court may order. If the judgment appealed “is affirmed or reversed in part or is vacated,”

it is in this Court’s discretion to decide which party is liable for costs. App.R. 24(A)(4).

The State is correct in that it did not create the error from which Tolson appeals. It is
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equally true that Tolson did not create it. But in this instance, Tolson appealed from the

trial court’s erroneous resentencing entry, which resulted in the judgment being vacated.

Whether or not it was the State’s fault, Tolson’s appeal was successful. Accordingly, we

deny the State’s request and order the State to pay the costs.

       III.   Conclusion

      {¶ 43} Having sustained Tolson’s assignments of error, we will vacate the May 16,

2022 judgment entry of the trial court, which effectively reinstates the December 13, 2018

judgment entry as imposing Tolson’s sentence. Judgement vacated.

                                    .............

TUCKER, J. and EPLEY, J., concur.