Court Opinion

ID: 9945509
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-27 21:07:44.989479+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:25:31.110153
License: Public Domain

Attorney Grievance Commission of Maryland v. Vernon Charles Donnelly, AG No. 53,
September Term, 2022. Opinion by Hotten, J.

ATTORNEY DISCIPLINE – SANCTIONS – DISBARMENT

Respondent, Vernon Charles Donnelly, violated Maryland Attorneys’ Rules of
Professional Conduct 19-301.4 (Communication), 19-301.8(a) (Conflict of Interest;
Current Clients; Specific Rules), 19-303.1 (Meritorious Claims and Contentions), 19-
303.3(a) (Candor Toward the Tribunal), 19-308.1(a) (Bar Admission and Disciplinary
Matters), and 19-308.4(a)–(d) (Misconduct). These violations stemmed from Respondent
entering into a loan agreement with a client without first advising the client, in writing, of
the desirability of seeking the advice of independent counsel regarding the transaction;
failing to repay the loan on time; continually refusing to fully repay the loan; failing to
communicate with the client regarding his proposed change to the loan; misrepresenting
the terms of the loan agreement before the Circuit Court for Calvert County, Bar Counsel,
and during the disciplinary hearing; and engaging in conduct that is prejudicial to the
administration of justice.

Considering the nature of the misconduct, the lack of mitigating factors, and the presence
of various aggravating factors, the Supreme Court of Maryland concluded that disbarment
is the appropriate sanction.
Circuit Court for Calvert County
Case No. C-04-CV-23-000066                               IN THE SUPREME COURT
Argued: December 5, 2023

                                                              OF MARYLAND

                                                                  AG No. 53

                                                            September Term, 2022

                                                    __________________________________

                                                         ATTORNEY GRIEVANCE
                                                       COMMISSION OF MARYLAND
                                                                        v.
                                                      VERNON CHARLES DONNELLY
                                                    __________________________________

                                                         Fader, C.J.,
                                                         Watts,
                                                         Hotten,
                                                         Booth,
                                                         Biran,
                                                         Gould,
                                                         Eaves,

                                                                    JJ.
                                                    __________________________________

                                                            Opinion by Hotten, J.
                                                    __________________________________

                                                         Filed: February 27, 2024

Pursuant to the Maryland Uniform Electronic Legal
Materials Act (§§ 10-1601 et seq. of the State
Government Article) this document is authentic.

                                2024.02.27
                                15:15:46
                                -05'00'

Gregory Hilton, Clerk
       The Attorney Grievance Commission of Maryland (“Petitioner”), acting through

Bar Counsel, filed a Petition for Disciplinary or Remedial Action against Vernon Charles

Donnelly (“Respondent”) pursuant to Maryland Rule 19-721(a)(1).1 In accordance with

Maryland Rule 19-722(a),2 we referred the matter to Judge Andrew S. Rappaport of the

Circuit Court for Calvert County (“hearing judge”).

       On August 16, 2023, an evidentiary hearing was held, following which the hearing

judge issued findings of fact and conclusions of law. The hearing judge found clear and

convincing evidence that Respondent violated Maryland Attorneys’ Rules of Professional

Conduct (“MARPC”) 19-301.4 (Communication), 19-301.8(a) (Conflict of Interest;

Current Clients; Specific Rules), 19-303.1 (Meritorious Claims and Contentions), 19-

303.3(a) (Candor Toward the Tribunal), 19-308.1(a) (Bar Admission and Disciplinary

Matters), and 19-308.4(a)–(d) (Misconduct). Respondent took several exceptions to the

hearing judge’s findings of fact and conclusions of law.

       For the following reasons, disbarment is warranted.

                  THE HEARING JUDGE’S FINDINGS OF FACT

       We summarize and, where indicated, quote the hearing judge’s findings of fact,

which have been established by clear and convincing evidence.              We begin with

       1
          Maryland Rule 19-721(a)(1) states in relevant part: “Upon approval or direction
of the [Attorney Grievance] Commission, Bar Counsel, on behalf of the Commission, shall
file a Petition for Disciplinary or Remedial Action in the Supreme Court.”
       2
         Maryland Rule 19-722(a) states in relevant part: “Upon the filing of a Petition for
Disciplinary or Remedial Action, the Supreme Court may enter an order designating (1) a
judge of any circuit court to hear the action, and (2) the clerk responsible for maintaining
the record.”
Respondent’s background and note “Respondent was admitted to the Maryland Bar on May

25, 1982[]” and “[a]t all times relevant to this matter, Respondent maintained an office for

the practice of law in Calvert County, Maryland.” On February 15, 2018, this Court

suspended Respondent from the practice of law for thirty days with the right to apply for

reinstatement. Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Donnelly, 458 Md. 237, 182 A.3d 743 (2018).

Respondent was reinstated on May 8, 2018.

                 Respondent’s 2013 Loan From Mr. Kenneth Langley

       In 2011, a legal dispute arose between Mr. Kenneth Langley (“Mr. Langley”) and

his siblings regarding the administration of their deceased mother’s estate. Langley, et al.,

v. Langley (“Langley v. Langley”), Case No. 04-C-11-001414. Mr. Langley retained

Respondent in the matter and Respondent entered his appearance on April 9, 2012. In

September 2012, the circuit court appointed Mark S. Davis as trustee to sell real property

retained by the estate and to equally disburse the proceeds between the Langley children.

Following the March 2013 sale, Mr. Langley received a disbursement of approximately

$50,000. That same month, in an unrelated matter, a judgment was entered against

Respondent for $540,793.59.

       In April 2013, cognizant his client was going to receive approximately $50,000,

Respondent requested Mr. Langley loan him $40,000. “Respondent did not advise Mr.

Langley to seek independent counsel, nor did [Respondent] advise [Mr. Langley] of the

recent [judgment] entered against him.” Respondent drafted a promissory note for the loan,

                                             2
which required monthly interest payments of $167 and repayment by September 30, 2013.

On April 5, 2013, Mr. Langley signed the agreement and loaned Respondent $40,000.

       “From April 5, 2013, until September 30, 2013, Mr. Langley made repeated requests

that Respondent honor the promissory note and make his monthly payments. Despite these

entreaties, Respondent claimed he had no money and made no monthly payments on the

loan.” Respondent failed to meet the September 30, 2013 deadline for repayment. In the

ensuing years, Respondent made “sporadic payments” upon the insistence of Mr. Langley.

As of 2019, Respondent had repaid $24,000 on the loan, but still owed $16,000 in principal

and $8,000 in interest.3

           Respondent’s Representation of Mr. Langley over “Pier Rights”

       In 2012, Respondent initiated litigation on behalf of himself and others who owned

property in Solomon’s Island, Maryland, against Calvert County and the State regarding

contractual rights to develop commercial piers (“Pier Rights” litigation).      In 2014,

Respondent discussed the case with Mr. Langley and convinced him to purchase

commercial pier rights. Following the purchase, on September 16, 2014, Mr. Langley

signed a retainer and contingency fee agreement (“2014 retainer”) with Respondent for

representation in the ongoing suit. The 2014 retainer made no reference to the personal

loan between Mr. Langley and Respondent. In April of 2015, Respondent added Mr.

Langley as a plaintiff to the Pier Rights litigation. Between 2015 and 2019, Respondent

       3
         While the promissory note required the loan be repaid six months following the
execution, the promissory note provided an annual interest rate of five percent and a five
percent late fee on any of the monthly interest payments that were missed.
                                             3
regularly communicated with Mr. Langley regarding the Pier Rights litigation, but did not

indicate the 2014 retainer modified or affected the 2013 loan, or that Mr. Langley would

owe money in the litigation prior to success in the suit. In February of 2019, Respondent

contacted Mr. Langley concerning his proportionate costs of the litigation. “Ostensibly

referring to Respondent’s outstanding debt to Mr. Langley, Respondent stated[:]

‘Therefore, I am not about to go borrow money to in effect refund [] your costs. I encourage

you to get off the horse named stupid and [let’s] work together to solve your immediate

needs.’”

                              Bar Counsel’s Investigation

       In April 2019, Mr. Langley demanded full repayment via notarized letter, but

Respondent did not repay the balance of the loan. Following this, Mr. Langley filed a

complaint against Respondent with Petitioner. Upon receipt of the complaint, Petitioner

notified Respondent that a complaint had been filed against him. In a May 2019 written

response to Bar Counsel, Respondent asserted the following:

       On or about April 1, 2013, [Mr. Langley] came into my office with no
       appointment carrying a bag with $40,000 in cash apparently from his share
       of the proceeds from the sale of his mother’s house, which was sold by a
       Trustee, Mark S. Davis, Esquire, pursuant to Court Order. He announced
       that he wanted me to keep it as safekeeping for him. I suggested he put it in
       a bank. He said he didn’t trust banks. I suggested he keep it at his place. He
       ventured that he was moving to a new location, the Locust Inn, Solomons,
       Maryland and it was not a secure place. He wanted me to put it in my office
       safe and he really did not need a note.

                                            ***

       When the Promissory Note matured in September 2013, [Mr. Langley] and I
       agreed orally to an extension of the Note and at one point I encouraged him
                                             4
       to begin withdrawing principal amounts for the loan which he did beginning
       on January 14, 2014. He would call and request a sum of money and I would
       give it to him. By September 2014, he had requested and received $9,000.00.

In November 2019, Bar Counsel took Respondent’s statement under oath.4 Respondent

testified:

       [Mr. Langley] walked in the office with a bag of money . . . . But he wanted
       to give the money to me. And he wanted to give it to me because I had
       always been good to his family, is what he said. I told him I couldn’t do that.

                                              ***

       I know [Mr. Langley] was -- [Mr. Langley] was primarily interested in my
       holding the money after we got through the initial stage, holding it for him.

                                              ***

       So, I took it. I think, given the date of the note, I believe it is -- and I’m just
       talking straight out here. I’m not saying I know exactly the moment. But as
       I recall, [the note] was something for him to take home and think about
       whether or not he wanted to invest it or leave it with me or find use or
       whatever.

                                              ***

       I mean, it’s basically a standard, if there’s such a thing, of a promissory note.
       Sets the amount. Sets the date. Sets the terms. Kept very short for six
       months for reason. That’s all that I saw was an opportunity for him. He
       wanted me to invest it in what we call a commercial pier project that was
       around. He wanted to be a part of the commercial pier project.

       We had talked about all this before this happened, months or two months
       before. And I think it sets forth the fact that it is a confessed judgment note,
       acknowledges it’s for a business investment[.]

       4
        Maryland Rule 19-712(a) allows Petitioner to authorize Bar Counsel to issue a
subpoena compelling a person to give testimony on a disciplinary matter. Maryland Rule
19-712(d) requires “[a]ll testimony by the subpoenaed witness [] be under oath” and
“contemporaneously recorded[.]”
                                           5
The hearing judge found Respondent’s “version of facts in his statement under oath

differed from the version of facts he provided” in his prior written response.

                         Mr. Langley’s Suit Against Respondent

       On January 13, 2020, Mr. Langley filed suit in the Circuit Court for Calvert County.

Langley v. Donnelly, Case No. C-04-CV-20-000060. This suit prompted Bar Counsel to

place the investigation of Respondent on their deferred docket.5 At trial in April 2021,

Respondent testified, under oath, to the following:

       [Mr. Langley] walks into the office carrying a bag of money and wants me
       to take the bag of money. And we joked about it afterwards, he wanted to
       give it to me.

                                             ***

       What happened [were] no requests for any money, no requests for any
       interest. When we came together at that September period of time to talk
       about it, my recollection is that [Mr. Langley] said something to the
       equivalent -- it wouldn’t have been this, but -- let it ride. And I said, no,
       you’ve got to start getting this money out of here. And that’s why all of a
       sudden the payments began in January of 2014.

       Now, with that said I’m worried about my safe being broken into, because I
       don’t know who I’m dealing with and what I’m dealing with. He was to get
       it out of there, because I told him I couldn’t find any investments.

       He didn’t want to get it out of there. So we just -- I said, well, start taking
       the money out. And you’ll notice the list of payments that are made all begin
       in January 2014 and they move right along.

       5
          Maryland Rule 19-711(b)(5) allows Bar Counsel, with the permission of
Petitioner, to defer action on a complaint where “a civil or criminal action involving
material allegations against the attorney substantially similar or related to those alleged in
the complaint is pending in any court of record in the United States[.]”
                                             6
      The hearing judge found these statements were knowingly false as Respondent was

shown checks he provided to Mr. Langley reflecting they were for a “loan” or for “loan

repayment.” He also found Respondent contradicted his previous testimony: “The note --

the note was modified in that September -- in that meeting that we had in 2014, in my

office, and it was modified in terms of we’re not going to be paying interest, too.” The

hearing judge further noted that Mr. Langley contradicted Respondent and found Mr.

Langley more credible.

      At the conclusion of Langley v. Donnelly, the circuit court ruled against Respondent.

      The Circuit Court for Calvert County entered judgment against Respondent
      and in favor of Mr. Langley for $25,081.68. Additionally, the Court ordered
      Respondent to pay attorney’s fees in the amount of $11,572.00 within thirty
      (30) days. Respondent failed to pay the attorney’s fees as ordered, which
      precipitated [Mr. Langley’s attorney] filing a motion to reduce the award to
      a judgment on May 20, 2021.

Approximately six months later, Respondent paid in full the judgments entered against him

in favor of Mr. Langley.

                                  Procedural History

      Following the conclusion of Langley v. Donnelly, Bar Counsel resumed their

investigation of Respondent. On August 29, 2022, Petitioner directed Bar Counsel to file

a Petition for Disciplinary or Remedial Action against Respondent (“Petition”). The

Petition was filed with this Court on January 27, 2023. On April 21, 2023, following our

transmission of the matter to the circuit court, Respondent was served with process

informing him of the Petition. On May 5, 2023, Respondent filed a pro se answer to the

                                            7
Petition and a motion to dismiss. Respondent asserted he “did not represent Mr. Langley

in March 2013.” Respondent further asserted:

      On April 1, 2013, Mr. Langley appeared in [my] office without an
      appointment, carrying a bag with $40,000 in cash. He explained that this
      was his share of the proceeds from the Partition Sale of his deceased mother’s
      home sold by a court appointed trustee, Mark S. Davis, Esquire. The
      statement in his complaint that I demanded his “inheritance” money is simply
      untrue. There was no demand for payment by me of $40,000 or any other
      amount.

      During our April 1, 2013, discussion, Mr. Langley wanted to know if there
      was an opportunity to invest in the Commercial Pier Litigation by perhaps
      buying into a contract right. . . . He asked me to hold the money for an
      investment in the pier right litigation and I drafted the Promissory Note. I
      signed it several days later on April 5, 2013. The handwriting at the bottom
      of the Note confirms that it was “cash” and it was signed by me individually.

                                           ***

      [I] had no obligation to inform [Mr. Langley] of the March 11, 2013,
      judgment entered against [me], nor to tell him to seek other counsel. Mr.
      Langley was insistent on investing the money in the pier right litigation and
      I sent him away to return later so we could talk further about it and available
      opportunities, if any.

On May 22, 2023, the hearing judge denied Respondent’s motion to dismiss.               An

evidentiary hearing in this matter was held on August 26, 2023.

                              CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

      The hearing judge concluded that there was clear and convincing evidence that

Respondent violated MARPC 19-301.4, 19-301.8(a), 19-303.1, 19-303.3(a), 19-308.1(a),

                                            8
and 19-308.4(a)–(d).6 Petitioner filed no exceptions. Respondent filed several exceptions

which we address infra.

                               STANDARD OF REVIEW

       “[T]his Court has original and complete jurisdiction and conducts an independent

review of the record.” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. O’Neill, 477 Md. 632, 658, 271 A.3d

792, 807 (2022) (quotation marks and citation omitted). “In an attorney disciplinary

proceeding, this Court reviews for clear error a hearing judge’s findings of fact and reviews

without deference a hearing judge’s conclusions of law.” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v.

Cassilly, 476 Md. 309, 339–40, 262 A.3d 272, 289 (2021). “This Court shall not disturb

the hearing judge’s findings where there is any competent evidence to support the finding

of fact.” O’Neill, 477 Md. at 658, 271 A.3d at 808 (quotation marks and citation omitted).

       Where, as here, a respondent files exceptions, Maryland Rule 19-740(b)(2)(B)

requires that:

       the Supreme Court shall determine whether the findings of fact have been
       proved by the requisite standard of proof set out in [Maryland] Rule 19-
       727(c). The Court may confine its review to the findings of fact challenged
       by the exceptions. The Court shall give due regard to the opportunity of the
       hearing judge to assess the credibility of witnesses.

Maryland Rule 19-727(c) reads: “Bar Counsel has the burden of proving the averments of

the petition by clear and convincing evidence. If the attorney asserts . . . a matter of

       6
         The hearing judge indicated that he “made findings of fact and conclusions of law
as to each charge[.]” However, the Petition charged twelve MARPC violations of which
the hearing judge only addresses six. Given that Petitioner did not take exception to the
hearing judge’s conclusions, we will proceed without discussion of those charges.
                                             9
mitigation or extenuation, the attorney has the burden of proving the defense or matter by

a preponderance of the evidence.” “If the hearing judge’s factual findings are not clearly

erroneous and the conclusions drawn from them are supported by the facts found,

exceptions to conclusions of law will be overruled.” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Tanko,

408 Md. 404, 419, 969 A.2d 1010, 1019 (2009).

                                      DISCUSSION

                           RESPONDENT’S EXCEPTIONS

                 Exception One: Respondent’s Lack of Representation

       Respondent argues that the hearing judge erred in requiring him to proceed while

unrepresented by counsel. Respondent argues the four months following the scheduling of

the hearing was insufficient to secure counsel. The hearing judge found that Respondent

was given sufficient notice and participated substantially pro se in the disciplinary matter.

During the August 2023 hearing, the hearing judge stated:

       Obviously, Mr. Donnelly, you are barred in the State of Maryland. You are
       a lawyer, but there has been no mention of any continuance request
       throughout the entire proceedings, and there was nothing filed prior to today,
       other than this morning as we called the case, and you’re requesting a
       continuance.

In Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Stewart, we held “a lawyer is entitled to the basic elements

of due process[,] notice[,] and the opportunity to defend in a full and fair hearing.” 285

Md. 251, 259, 401 A.2d 1026, 1030 (1979).            Following Mr. Langley’s complaint,

Respondent was given notice and frequently kept apprised of the status of the investigation.

                                             10
Respondent received his due process in this disciplinary proceeding and, therefore, we

overrule this exception.

    Exception Two: The Hearing Judge Did Not Consider Respondent’s Pleadings

       Respondent argues that the hearing judge did not “properly evaluate the truth of the

precise facts in issue in considering the representations and admissions in the pleadings in

this matter[.]” “[A]s far as what evidence a hearing judge must rely upon to reach his or

her conclusions, we have said that the hearing judge may pick and choose what evidence

to believe.” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Kalarestaghi, 483 Md. 180, 220 n.7, 291 A.3d

728, 751 n.7 (2023) (quotation marks and citation omitted). The hearing judge is not

required to cite Respondent’s pleadings with more frequency or accord them more weight.

See id., 291 A.3d at 751 n.7. The hearing judge reviewed Respondent’s pleadings and the

evidence presented, including Respondent’s testimony, and did not find Respondent

credible. We defer to the hearing judge’s assessment and, therefore, overrule Respondent’s

exception.

                 Exception Three: The Creation of the Loan Agreement

       First, Respondent argues he did not solicit the loan and that Mr. Langley made the

loan freely. Mr. Langley testified that “Mr. Donnelly asked if he could borrow $40,000[,]”

and the hearing judge found Mr. Langley credible. We defer to the hearing judge’s

credibility determination. Id., 291 A.3d at 751 n.7. Further, whether Mr. Langley entered

into the loan willingly is not disputed and has no bearing on Respondent’s choice not to

repay the loan. Thus, we overrule this first portion of Respondent’s exception.

                                            11
      Second, Respondent contends there was no clear and convincing evidence that he

and Mr. Langley were in an attorney-client relationship when they executed the loan.

Respondent argues his representation of Mr. Langley ended following Langley v. Langley,

and filings from the case were not clear and convincing evidence of any representation

afterwards. “[T]he hearing judge may pick and choose what evidence to believe[,]” and

“we defer to the hearing judge’s assessment of the witnesses’ credibility.” Id., 291 A.3d

at 751 n.7 (quotation marks and citations omitted). Mr. Langley testified that Respondent

was his attorney at the execution of the loan, and Bar Counsel was able to demonstrate the

relationship via Respondent’s signature on pertinent filings from Langley v. Langley. The

hearing judge credited Mr. Langley’s testimony and the evidence presented by Petitioner.

We defer to that finding and, therefore, we overrule this second portion of Respondent’s

exception.

      Third, Respondent argues the hearing judge erred in finding that he did not inform

Mr. Langley of the reason for the loan. The hearing judge found “that just weeks prior to

receiving this cash, the Respondent received a judgment against him in the amount of

$540,793.59[,]” and that “Respondent testified his portion of the judgment was reduced to

less than Fifty Thousand dollars ($50,000.00).” We will “not disturb the hearing judge’s

findings where there is any competent evidence to support the finding of fact.” O’Neill,

477 Md. at 658, 271 A.3d at 808 (quotation marks and citation omitted) (emphasis added).

Given that there was competent evidence presented to infer the reason for the loan was to

satisfy Respondent’s judgment, the hearing judge had clear and convincing evidence to

                                           12
find that Respondent did not advise Mr. Langley of the reason for the loan. Accordingly,

we overrule this third portion of Respondent’s exception.

       Fourth, Respondent argues the hearing judge did not have clear and convincing

evidence that he failed to advise Mr. Langley to seek independent counsel. MARPC 19-

301.8(a) requires advice to seek independent counsel be given in writing. Respondent

concedes “[t]here is no evidence showing there was written advice by Respondent

informing Mr. Langley he should seek independent legal advice before he made the loan

to Respondent.” Thus, we overrule this fourth portion of Respondent’s exception.

       Fifth, Respondent unequivocally denies that Mr. Langley made repeated demands

for repayment. Mr. Langley testified, during Langley v. Donnelly and before the hearing

judge, about his repeated requests for repayment. The hearing judge possessed clear and

convincing evidence Mr. Langley made repeated demands for repayment. Assuming,

arguendo, Mr. Langley had not made repeated requests, this failure would not have

excused Respondent’s choice not to repay the loan. Accordingly, we overrule this fifth

portion of the exception and overrule the third exception in its entirety.

                 Exception Four: Respondent’s Testimony on the Loan

       Next, Respondent takes exception to the finding that his testimony in Langley v.

Donnelly was false. “This Court shall not disturb the hearing judge’s findings where there

is any competent evidence to support the finding of fact.” O’Neill, 477 Md. at 658, 271

A.3d at 808 (quotation marks and citation omitted). “[T]he hearing judge is in the best

position to evaluate the credibility of the witnesses and to decide which one to believe and,

                                             13
as we have said, to pick and choose which evidence to rely upon.” Kalarestaghi, 483 Md.

at 220 n.7, 291 A.3d at 751 n.7 (quotation marks and citations omitted). Respondent

provides four arguments for this exception.

       First, Respondent asserts the hearing judge was not allowed to find that

Respondent’s testimony in Langley v. Donnelly was false absent a specific finding from

the presiding judge. Respondent contends “[t]here was no specific transcript of the trial of

[Langley v. Donnelly,] nor a specific finding by the other judge that such a statement was

knowingly falsely made[.]” The transcript of Langley v. Donnelly provided to the hearing

judge reflects the following testimony by Respondent: “I did not ask [Mr. Langley] for a

business loan. I did not ask him for any money. He showed up in the office with a bag

with money in it.” This statement denied the existence of the loan and provided the hearing

judge with clear and convincing evidence that Respondent testified falsely. Thus, we

overrule this part of Respondent’s exception.

       Second, Respondent asserts:

       In light of Mr. Langley’s prior inconsistent statements about whether
       Respondent told him at the time the loan was made it would be used for
       expert witness fees or didn’t tell him what the use of the loan would be at the
       time it was made, Mr. Langley’s statement that Respondent solicited or asked
       for a loan is not clear and convincing evidence Respondent did in fact solicit
       or ask for the loan.

We previously overruled Respondent’s exception that he did not solicit the loan, noting we

defer to the hearing judge’s finding that Mr. Langley was credible. Accordingly, we

overrule this part of Respondent’s exception.

                                              14
       Third, Respondent asserts whether he provided false testimony to the circuit court

is moot because of his repayment following Langley v. Donnelly. “A case is moot if there

is no longer an existing controversy between the parties, so that there is no longer any

effective remedy which the court can provide.” Powell v. Md. Dep’t of Health, 455 Md.

520, 539, 168 A.3d 857, 868–69 (2017) (quotation marks and citation omitted). Presently,

the “dispute” concerns Respondent’s alleged MARPC violations, not the loan obligation

itself. This Court acts in attorney discipline matters to “protect members of the public from

attorneys who have demonstrated that they are unfit for the practice of law[,]” not merely

to rectify the specific harm suffered by an attorney’s client. Att’y Grievance Comm’n v.

Keating, 471 Md. 614, 651, 243 A.3d 520, 543 (2020). Respondent’s repayment does not

render the issue moot, and we therefore overrule this portion of Respondent’s exception.

       Finally, Respondent argues his testimony on the modification of the loan is evidence

that he understood the agreement with Mr. Langley to be a loan. Indeed, Respondent

testified the loan was modified by the 2014 retainer, acknowledging he understood his

agreement with Mr. Langley to be a loan. Respondent also testified as if the loan was not

a loan. Accepting that Respondent understood the agreement was a loan does not lead this

Court to override the hearing judge’s finding. In fact, quite the opposite. We note that this

exception highlights clear and convincing evidence of Respondent’s choice to repeatedly

mischaracterize the loan in order to justify not repaying it. Accordingly, we overrule this

portion of the exception and the entirety of Respondent’s fourth exception.

                                             15
                               Exceptions Five, Six, and Seven

      Respondent’s fifth and sixth exceptions focus on the hearing judge having found an

absence of mitigating factors and several aggravating factors. His seventh exception

disputes the hearing judge’s conclusions of law, except for one. We address these infra.

                      RESPONDENT’S MARPC VIOLATIONS

      We begin with the hearing judge’s conclusions of law, which this Court reviews

without deference. Cassilly, 476 Md. at 339–40, 262 A.3d at 289. “If the hearing judge’s

factual findings are not clearly erroneous and the conclusions drawn from them are

supported by the facts found, exceptions to conclusions of law will be overruled.” Tanko,

408 Md. at 419, 969 A.2d at 1019. The hearing judge concluded that Respondent violated

MARPC 19-301.4 (Communication), 19-301.8(a) (Conflict of Interest; Current Clients;

Specific Rules), 19-303.1 (Meritorious Claims and Contentions), 19-303.3(a) (Candor

Toward the Tribunal), 19-308.1(a) (Bar Admission and Disciplinary Matters), and 19-

308.4(a)–(d) (Misconduct). For the following reasons, we agree with the conclusions

reached by the hearing judge.

                         MARPC 19-301.4 (Communication)

      MARPC 19-301.4 reads in full:

      (a) An attorney shall:

             (1) promptly inform the client of any decision or circumstance
             with respect to which the client’s informed consent, as defined
             in Rule 19-301.0(g) (1.0), is required by these Rules;

             (2) keep the client reasonably informed about the status of the
             matter;
                                           16
              (3) promptly comply with reasonable requests for information;
              and

              (4) consult with the client about any relevant limitation on the
              attorney’s conduct when the attorney knows that the client
              expects assistance not permitted by the Maryland Attorneys’
              Rules of Professional Conduct or other law.

       (b) An attorney shall explain a matter to the extent reasonably necessary to
       permit the client to make informed decisions regarding the representation.

MARPC 19-301.0(g) defines informed consent as “the agreement by a person to a proposed

course of conduct after the attorney has communicated adequate information and

explanation about the material risks of and reasonably available alternatives to the

proposed course of conduct.”

       In concluding Respondent violated MARPC 19-301.4, the hearing judge wrote:

       Hav[ing] no reference to, or incorporation of, the 2013 loan agreement in the
       2014 attorney client agreement pertaining to the loaned funds being used for
       litigation costs lends itself to the more plausible explanation that the
       Respondent failed to obtain Mr. Langley’s informed consent and unilaterally
       modified the 2013 loan agreement.

In effect, the hearing judge found Respondent unsuccessfully asserted a retroactive change

to both the promissory note and the 2014 retainer without informing Mr. Langley.

       Respondent takes exception and asserts he did not unilaterally modify the

promissory note by interpreting his remaining loan balance to be offset by Mr. Langley’s

attributable costs for the Pier Rights litigation. “If the hearing judge’s factual findings are

not clearly erroneous and the conclusions drawn from them are supported by the facts

found, exceptions to conclusions of law will be overruled.” Tanko, 408 Md. at 419, 969

                                              17
A.2d at 1019 (emphasis added). While Langley v. Donnelly shows Respondent was

unsuccessful in his attempt to bind the loan to the 2014 retainer, the February 2019 letter

from Respondent to Mr. Langley shows Respondent attempted to unilaterally enforce the

modification. The hearing judge had clear and convincing evidence Respondent had

attempted to treat the agreement as modified and failed to inform Mr. Langley of this

change and we overrule Respondent’s exception.

       MARPC 19-301.4(a)(1) requires an attorney to communicate with their client

regarding any “circumstance with respect to which the client’s informed consent . . . is

required.” MARPC 19-301.8(a)(3) requires “the client give[] informed consent, in a

writing signed by the client, to the essential terms of the transaction and the attorney’s role

in the transaction,” when an attorney seeks to enter a business transaction with a client.

Under these rules, when Respondent pursued a loan agreement with Mr. Langley, he was

required to receive Mr. Langley’s informed consent and then “promptly inform” Mr.

Langley “of any decision or circumstance” regarding that agreement.             MARPC 19-

301.4(a)(1).

       The record does not reflect Respondent communicated with Mr. Langley regarding

a proposed modification to the 2013 promissory note. In fact, many of the communications

from Respondent regarding the Pier Rights litigation expressly stated Mr. Langley would

not owe anything unless they prevailed in the suit. These communications failed to

“promptly inform the client of any decision or circumstance with respect to which the

                                              18
client’s informed consent[]” was required. MARPC 19-301.4(a)(1). Accordingly, we

agree with the hearing judge that Respondent violated MARPC 19-301.4.

       MARPC 19-301.8 (Conflict of Interest; Current Clients; Specific Rules)

       MARPC 19-301.8(a) reads in relevant part, “[a]n attorney shall not enter into a

business transaction with a client unless: . . . (2) the client is advised in writing of the

desirability of seeking and is given a reasonable opportunity to seek independent legal

advice on the transaction[.]” The hearing judge concluded Respondent violated MARPC

19-301.8 when he entered into the loan agreement with Mr. Langley without first advising

Mr. Langley to consult with independent counsel. The hearing judge found there was an

attorney-client relationship between Mr. Langley and Respondent at the execution of the

2013 loan, and both Mr. Langley and Respondent agreed Respondent failed to provide

advice to seek independent counsel.

       Respondent takes exception and argues that he committed a “technical violation of

this Rule[]” in failing to provide written advice to Mr. Langley. The provision of written

advice is an essential element to MARPC 19-301.8. See Att’y Grievance Comm’n v.

Shapiro, 441 Md. 367, 391, 108 A.3d 394, 408 (2015) (“Respondent violated clearly

[MARPC 19-301.8](a)(2) by not providing [the client] with an appropriate written

disclosure.”). We noted supra Respondent’s admission that he did not provide Mr. Langley

with written advice. Given this admission, we overrule Respondent’s exception, and agree

with the conclusion of the hearing judge that Respondent violated MARPC 19-301.8(a).

                                            19
                MARPC 19-303.1 (Meritorious Claims and Contentions)

       MARPC 19-303.1 reads in part, “[a]n attorney shall not bring or defend a

proceeding, or assert or controvert an issue therein, unless there is a basis for doing so that

is not frivolous[.]” The hearing judge concluded that Respondent “violated [MARPC 19-

303.1] by creating [the] fictitious defense in” Langley v. Donnelly that the loan agreement

had been modified. The hearing judge found Respondent’s credibility on this claim was

eroded when confronted with his repayment of the loan following its purported

modification.

       Respondent takes exception, asserting he “had a right to contend he should have

such offset right.” We overruled Respondent’s prior exception on this issue and overrule

it here as well. See Tanko, 408 Md. at 419, 969 A.2d at 1019 (“If the hearing judge’s

factual findings are not clearly erroneous and the conclusions drawn from them are

supported by the facts found, exceptions to conclusions of law will be overruled.”).

       MARPC 19-303.1 restrains attorneys from using court processes and procedures

abusively and frivolously. See, e.g., Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Mixter, 441 Md. 416, 511,

109 A.3d 1, 59 (2015) (“[Respondent] violated [MARPC 19-303.1], by continuing to

pursue . . . litigation after it became clear that there was no good faith basis for doing so.”);

Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Sloane, 483 Md 131, 157, 290 A.3d 1026, 1041 (2023)

(sustaining a MARPC 19-303.1 violation because “[t]here was no legal basis for

[r]espondent to raise the issue of Ms. Deneroff’s driving record and diary after Judge

Callahan ruled on the matter”). We agree that Respondent violated MARPC 19-303.1 by

                                               20
inventing fictitious defenses in Langley v. Donnelly to avoid repaying Mr. Langley and

repeating them before the hearing judge.

                   MARPC 19-303.3 (Candor Toward the Tribunal)

       MARPC 19-303.3(a)(1) reads in pertinent part “[a]n attorney shall not knowingly:

(1) make a false statement of fact or law to a tribunal or fail to correct a false statement of

material fact or law previously made to the tribunal by the attorney[.]” The hearing judge

concluded Respondent violated MARPC 19-303.3(a) “for the reasons stated in reference

to [MARPC 19-301.4, 19-301.8, and 19-303.1].” Respondent takes exception to this

conclusion, arguing he made no false statements of material fact and “simply described the

facts as he remembered them[.]” As discussed, the hearing judge credited Mr. Langley’s

testimony on the loan agreement, and we will not disturb the hearing judge’s finding absent

clear error. Kalarestaghi, 483 Md. at 220 n.7, 291 A.3d at 751 n.7; Tanko, 408 Md. at 419,

969 A.2d at 1019. Accordingly, we overrule Respondent’s exception.

       MARPC 19-303.3 “sets forth special duties of attorneys as officers of the court to

avoid conduct that undermines the integrity of the adjudicative process.” MARPC 19-

303.3 cmt. 2. “[MARPC 19-303.3](a)(1) requires that a lawyer not knowingly make a false

statement of fact or law to a tribunal or fail to correct a false statement of material fact or

law previously made to the tribunal by the lawyer.” Mixter, 441 Md. at 514, 109 A.3d at

60–61 (quotation marks omitted). As we concluded that the hearing judge had clear and

convincing evidence that Respondent testified falsely before the tribunal, we agree

Respondent violated MARPC 19-303.3(a).

                                              21
              MARPC 19-308.1 (Bar Admission and Disciplinary Matters)

       MARPC 19-308.1(a) reads in pertinent part, “an attorney in connection with a bar

admission application or in connection with a disciplinary matter, shall not: (a) knowingly

make a false statement of material fact[.]” The hearing judge concluded Respondent

violated MARPC 19-308.1(a) by making false statements throughout the disciplinary

process. Respondent did not take exception to this conclusion.

       “The practice of law carries with it special responsibilities of self-regulation, and

attorney cooperation with disciplinary authorities is of the utmost importance to the success

of the process and the integrity of the profession.” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Butler, 441

Md. 352, 360, 107 A.3d 1220, 1225 (2015) (quotation marks and citation omitted). We

have held an attorney violates MARPC 19-308.1(a) where they “act[] dishonestly and

deceitfully by knowingly making false statements to Bar Counsel.” Att’y Grievance

Comm’n v. Harris, 403 Md. 142, 164, 939 A.2d 732, 745 (2008). In rendering false

statements both orally and in writing under oath before Bar Counsel and the hearing judge,

Respondent violated MARPC 19-308.1(a). Accordingly, we agree with the hearing judge’s

conclusion.

                             MARPC 19-308.4 (Misconduct)

       MARPC 19-308.4(a)–(d) reads:

       It is professional misconduct for an attorney to:

       (a) violate or attempt to violate the Maryland Attorneys’ Rules of
           Professional Conduct, knowingly assist or induce another to do so, or
           do so through the acts of another;

                                             22
      (b) commit a criminal act that reflects adversely on the attorney’s honesty,
          trustworthiness or fitness as an attorney in other respects;

      (c) engage in conduct involving            dishonesty,    fraud,   deceit   or
          misrepresentation; [or]

      (d) engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice[.]

      The hearing judge found that Respondent violated MARPC 19-308.4(a), (b), (c),

and (d). First, as the hearing judge concluded Respondent violated other sections of the

MARPC, he concluded Respondent violated MARPC 19-308.4(a). Second, the hearing

judge concluded that, while Respondent had not been charged, Respondent’s false

testimony during Langley v. Donnelly amounted to perjury under Md. Code Ann., Criminal

Law (“Crim. Law”) § 9-1017 and violated MARPC 19-308.4(b). Third, the hearing judge

found clear and convincing evidence Respondent violated MARPC 19-308.4(c) when he

made repeated false statements to Bar Counsel and the circuit court. Fourth, the hearing

judge found clear and convincing evidence that Respondent violated MARPC 19-308.4(d)

by pursuing the $40,000 loan while still representing Mr. Langley, failing to advise Mr.

Langley to seek independent counsel, and by making false statements to the circuit court

that he and Mr. Langley modified the 2013 loan agreement.

      Respondent takes exception to each of these and reasserts his prior exceptions

discussed supra. Further, Respondent asserts he committed no misconduct and did not

      7
        Crim. Law § 9-101(a)(1) reads, “[a] person may not willfully and falsely make an
oath or affirmation as to a material fact: (1) if the false swearing is perjury at common
law[.]”
                                            23
violate MARPC 19-308.4. As discussed supra, we overruled each of these exceptions and

also overrule them here. See O’Neill, 477 Md. at 658, 271 A.3d at 808.

      First, “we have held that [where the] respondent has violated several Rules of

Professional Conduct, [they] necessarily violated [MARPC 19-308.4](a) as well[.]” Att’y

Grievance Comm’n v. Gallagher, 371 Md. 673, 710–11, 810 A.2d 996, 1018 (2002). Since

we agree with the hearing judge’s conclusion that Respondent committed other MARPC

violations, we also agree that Respondent violated MARPC 19-308.4(a).

      Turning to MARPC 19-308.4(b), for an example we look to Att’y Grievance

Comm’n v. Bonner, 477 Md. 576, 271 A.3d 249 (2022). In Bonner, we agreed with the

hearing judge the respondent violated MARPC 19-308.4(b) where the attorney

“intentionally misappropriated more than $14,000 from [a firm] in about 35 separate

transactions[,]” which “amount[ed] to theft despite the absence of criminal charges[.]” Id.

at 595, 271 A.3d at 261 (emphasis added and footnote omitted). Here, Respondent

repeatedly made knowingly false statements which could be charged under Crim. Law §

9-101(a)(1) as perjury. Despite the absence of charges, this conduct violates MARPC 19-

308.4(b). Accordingly, we agree with the hearing judge’s conclusion.

      On MARPC 19-308.4(c), “we note the significant overlap between [MARPC 19-

303.3(a)] and [MARPC 19-308.4(c)], recognizing that a violation of the former generally

entails a violation of the latter.” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. White, 480 Md. 319, 381, 280

A.3d 722, 758 (2022). Additionally, “[w]e have said that [MARPC 19-308.1(a)] and

[MARPC 19-308.4(c)] are violated when an attorney acts dishonestly and deceitfully by

                                            24
knowingly making false statements to Bar Counsel.” Harris, 403 Md. at 164, 939 A.2d at

745 (citation omitted). As we agreed with the hearing judge’s conclusion that Respondent

violated MARPC 19-303.3(c) and 19-308.1(a), we agree Respondent violated MARPC 19-

308.4(c).

       Finally,

       MARPC 19-308.4(d) prohibits conduct that is prejudicial to the
       administration of justice. Conduct is prejudicial to the administration of
       justice when it reflects negatively on the legal profession and sets a bad
       example for the public at large or is likely to impair public confidence in the
       profession, impact the image of the legal profession and engender disrespect
       for the court[.]

White, 480 Md. at 382, 280 A.3d at 758 (cleaned up). In White, the respondent violated

MARPC 19-308.4(d) when he “failed to adequately communicate with his clients [and]

made knowing and intentional misrepresentations to various courts to cover up his

misconduct[.]” Id., 280 A.3d at 758–59. Certainly, Respondent’s failure to communicate

a proposed modification of the loan to Mr. Langley and his repeated false statements before

the circuit court in Langley v. Donnelly “set[] a bad example for the public at large[.]” Id.

at 382, 280 A.3d at 758. Repeating false statements in order to gain a personal windfall

“impair[s] public confidence in the profession[.]” Id., 280 A.3d at 758. We agree with the

hearing judge’s conclusion that Respondent violated MARPC 19-308.4(d).

                  MITIGATING AND AGGRAVATING FACTORS

       “During an attorney grievance matter, the circuit court may consider the existence

of aggravating and mitigating factors.” O’Neill, 477 Md. at 656, 271 A.3d at 806. The

                                             25
hearing judge found that Respondent failed to establish any mitigating factor and noted

several aggravating factors.

                                    Mitigating Factors

       Mitigating factors include: (1) the absence of prior attorney discipline; (2)
       the absence of a dishonest or selfish motive; (3) personal or emotional
       problems; (4) timely good faith efforts to make restitution or to rectify the
       misconduct’s consequences; (5) full and free disclosure to Bar Counsel or a
       cooperative attitude toward the attorney discipline proceeding; (6)
       inexperience in the practice of law; (7) character or reputation; (8) a physical
       disability; (9) a mental disability or chemical dependency, including
       alcoholism or drug abuse, where: (a) there is medical evidence that the
       lawyer is affected by a chemical dependency or mental disability; (b) the
       chemical dependency or mental disability caused the misconduct; (c) the
       lawyer’s recovery from the chemical dependency or mental disability is
       demonstrated by a meaningful and sustained period of successful
       rehabilitation; and (d) the recovery arrested the misconduct, and the
       misconduct’s recurrence is unlikely; (10) delay in the attorney discipline
       proceeding; (11) the imposition of other penalties or sanctions; (12) remorse;
       (13) remoteness of prior violations of the [MARPC]; and (14) unlikelihood
       of repetition of the misconduct.

Cassilly, 476 Md. at 403, 262 A.3d at 327. Respondent bears the burden of proving

mitigating factors “by a preponderance of the evidence.” Md. Rule 19-727(c).

       The hearing judge found no mitigating factors. Respondent asserts eight mitigating

factors apply: (1) the delay in the grievance proceedings; (2) the absence of a selfish

motive; (3) full and free disclosure to Petitioner; (4) his “apparent” mental disability; (5)

his “timely” repayment of the loan balance after Mr. Langley’s suit; (6) the lack of harm

to Mr. Langley; (7) the absence of prior “major” discipline; and (8) the unlikelihood of

repeated misconduct. We address each in turn and conclude that Respondent has failed to

establish any mitigating factor by a preponderance of the evidence.

                                             26
                                     Prejudicial Delay

      First, Respondent asserts there was prejudicial delay in the disciplinary process.8

Respondent contends there was delay through the initiation of the grievance process “more

than six (6) years after execution of the April 1, 2013 Promissory Note.” Respondent

further contends there was an additional three-year delay during the pendency of Langley

v. Donnelly.

      In Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Jackson, 477 Md. 174, 219, 269 A.3d 252, 279

(2022), this Court decided not to sanction an attorney who was “prejudiced in having to

explain her signature on two lines many years after they were filed[.]” Jackson identified

that the length of time Bar Counsel waits to initiate the attorney grievance process may

become prejudicial when that time has the tendency to have weakened witnesses’ and the

respondent attorney’s memories of the events. Id., 269 A.3d at 278–79. Here, assuming,

arguendo, Respondent’s asserted nine-year delay correctly includes the time Mr. Langley

did not file his grievance, Respondent was not similarly prejudiced. The loan agreement

      8
          Respondent’s argument mirrors a defense of laches. In Cassilly, we reiterated our

      doubt about the applicability of the laches defense in attorney grievance
      proceedings given the underlying purpose of attorney discipline proceedings,
      which is to protect the public. We continue to express strong reservation as
      to the applicability of the doctrine of laches in attorney discipline
      proceedings and now conclude that, with the possible exception of cases
      involving both extraordinary circumstances of delay and actual prejudice
      resulting in a clear due process violation, applying the doctrine of laches to
      attorney discipline proceedings would not be consistent with the goal of such
      proceedings, which is to protect the public.

476 Md. at 348, 262 A.3d at 295 (quotation marks and citations omitted).
                                          27
was a constant source of contention between Respondent and Mr. Langley for years as

evidenced by Mr. Langley’s repeated request for repayment and his suit against

Respondent. Respondent presents no evidence he was prejudiced by the timing of the

charges from Bar Counsel or the August 2023 hearing. In failing to present such evidence,

Respondent has failed to meet his burden to establish this mitigating factor.

                        Absence of a Dishonest or Selfish Motive

       Second, Respondent argues that an unselfish motive was demonstrated through his

“diligent” work for Mr. Langley on the Pier Rights litigation. The hearing judge found

Respondent exhibited a selfish motive by asking for and failing to repay the $40,000 loan.

Respondent’s representation of Mr. Langley in the Pier Rights litigation has no bearing or

connection to his choice not to repay Mr. Langley or misrepresent the loan in an attempt to

avoid repayment. Accordingly, we conclude Respondent has failed to establish this

mitigating factor.

                        Full and Free Disclosure to Bar Counsel

       Third, Respondent argues “[t]he entire record in this case demonstrates . . . full and

free disclosure to Bar Counsel and [a] cooperative attitude toward the attorney discipline

proceedings.” In Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Brooks, we concluded the hearing judge

found full and free disclosure where the respondent did not “ma[ke] any false statements

to the Office of Bar Counsel in the course of the investigation[,]” or “ma[ke] any

misrepresentations in connection with the acts, omissions or transactions alleged in the

Petition[.]” 476 Md. 97, 122, 258 A.3d 266, 280 (2021). In contrast here, the hearing

                                             28
judge found Respondent made false statements throughout the investigation, disciplinary

proceedings, and otherwise in connection with the allegations in the Petition. We conclude

Respondent did not meet his burden and has failed to establish this mitigating factor.

                          Respondent’s Asserted Mental Disability

          Fourth, Respondent claims “[a]n apparent mental disability” impacting his behavior

and representations to Bar Counsel and the hearing judge. In Att’y Grievance Comm’n v.

Wemple, we held the respondent failed to establish that poor health was a mitigating factor

where he failed to provide relevant medical records or other support. 479 Md. 167, 203–

04, 277 A.3d 427, 448–49 (2022). Here, Respondent does not provide medical records or

other evidence which prove by a preponderance that he suffers from his asserted mental

disability. Thus, we conclude that Respondent has failed to establish this as a mitigating

factor.

                       Timely Good Faith Efforts to Make Restitution

          Fifth, Respondent asserts he made “timely payment of the entire balance of the

[promissory n]ote after the judgment was entered against Respondent following the

Langley v. Donnelly litigation had ended.” This assertion is misleading. After nearly six

years with no repayment, Mr. Langley was required to sue Respondent to recover the

remaining loan balance. In all, it took Respondent nine years to completely satisfy the

loan. Following the suit, “Respondent failed to pay the attorney’s fees as ordered, which

precipitated [Mr. Langley’s attorney] filing a motion to reduce the award to a judgment[.]”

While Respondent is correct that he eventually repaid Mr. Langley after being forced to do

                                              29
so, he omits that he then failed to pay the attorney fees he incurred as a result. Respondent

did not make timely good faith efforts to rectify his misconduct and, therefore, has failed

to establish this mitigating factor.

                               Lack of Harm to Mr. Langley

       Sixth, Respondent asserts “[n]o financial harm to Mr. Langley, in fact Mr. Langley

profited from the full payment of interest and principal of the April 1, 2013[,] Promissory

Note[.]” Lack of harm to a client is not a mitigating factor we have so far accepted. See

Cassilly, 476 Md. at 403, 262 A.3d at 327 (listing the mitigating factors this Court

considers). “[O]ur case law does not establish that the lack of harm to a client will

automatically result in the determination of a mitigating factor.” Att’y Grievance Comm’n

v. Malone, 482 Md. 82, 112, 285 A.3d 546, 564 (2022). Accordingly, we conclude

Respondent has failed to establish this mitigating factor.

                         The Absence of Prior Attorney Discipline

       Seventh, Respondent argues an “absence of any prior major attorney discipline

sanction.” (Emphasis added). Respondent’s asserted distinction between “major” and his

own, impliedly, “minor” discipline does not exist. Respondent was previously disciplined.

Donnelly, 458 Md. at 329, 182 A.3d at 797. Thus, Respondent has failed to establish a

lack of prior discipline as a mitigating factor.

                       Unlikelihood of Repetition of the Misconduct

       Eighth, Respondent asserts that he is unlikely to repeat any of his misconduct.

However, Respondent provides no argument or evidence to support his contention. As

                                              30
such, we conclude Respondent has failed to establish this mitigating factor by a

preponderance of the evidence.

                                   Aggravating Factors

       Aggravating factors include: (1) prior attorney discipline; (2) a dishonest or
       selfish motive; (3) a pattern of misconduct; (4) multiple violations of the
       [MARPC]; (5) bad faith obstruction of the attorney discipline proceeding by
       intentionally failing to comply with rules or orders of the disciplinary agency;
       (6) submission of false evidence, false statements, or other deceptive
       practices during the attorney discipline proceeding; (7) a refusal to
       acknowledge the misconduct’s wrongful nature; (8) the victim’s
       vulnerability; (9) substantial experience in the practice of law; (10)
       indifference to making restitution or rectifying the misconduct’s
       consequences; (11) illegal conduct, including that involving the use of
       controlled substances; and (12) likelihood of repetition of the misconduct.

Donnelly, 458 Md. at 321, 182 A.3d at 792.

       The hearing judge found that Respondent: (1) had prior discipline; (2) displayed a

selfish motive in failing to repay the loan; (3) submitted false testimony; (4) demonstrated

a pattern of misconduct by failing to seek his client’s informed consent and by

mischaracterizing the loan agreement; (5) has substantial experience in the practice of law;

and (6) has failed to acknowledge the wrongful nature of his conduct. The only aggravating

factor finding to which Respondent did not except was substantial experience in the

practice of law. We agree that Respondent has substantial experience in the practice of

law and that this aggravating factor therefore is applicable.

       We now address Respondent’s exceptions to the hearing judge’s other findings

concerning aggravating factors.

                                             31
                                      Prior Discipline

       First, the hearing judge noted Respondent was previously disciplined by this Court.

Respondent acknowledges his prior discipline but argues “[s]uch [a] prior case should be

evaluated in light of all the complexities involved and not be used as an aggravating factor

in the case now under review.” An attorney’s prior discipline is a pertinent factor for our

consideration. Compare Sloane, 483 Md. at 172, 290 A.3d at 1050 (“Respondent’s lack of

prior attorney discipline over his extensive career cautions against the ultimate sanction of

disbarment.”), with Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Myers, 333 Md. 440, 449, 635 A.2d 1315,

1319 (1994) (“Viewed in light of the respondent’s prior suspension and the nature of the

conduct for which it was imposed, we believe the proper sanction for the intentional

misrepresentation in this case is the ultimate one, disbarment.”) see also Att’y Grievance

Comm’n v. Sperling, 472 Md. 561, 615–17, 248 A.3d 224, 255–57 (2021) (observing that

“all prior disciplinary offenses are aggravating circumstances[,]” but some prior

disciplinary offenses may be particularly aggravating compared to others). We conclude

Respondent’s prior discipline is an applicable consideration, overrule Respondent’s

exception, and agree with the hearing judge that this factor applies to Respondent.

                                      Selfish Motive

       Second, the hearing judge found Respondent exhibited a selfish motive in

requesting and failing to repay the $40,000 loan. Respondent contends there was no selfish

motive. By nature of Respondent’s refusal to repay Mr. Langley and his repeated use of a

fictitious defense to avoid repayment, the hearing judge’s conclusion of a selfish motive is

                                             32
supported by clear and convincing evidence. Accordingly, we agree with the hearing judge

and overrule Respondent’s exception.

                                     False Testimony

       Third, the hearing judge found Respondent falsely testified by mischaracterizing the

loan and claiming he advised Mr. Langley to seek independent counsel. Respondent

repeats his prior exceptions on this topic. We agree with the hearing judge that Respondent

submitted false testimony. Thus, we agree with the hearing judge that these falsehoods are

an aggravating factor and, as a result, we overrule Respondent’s exception.

                                 Pattern of Misconduct

       Fourth, the hearing judge found Respondent displayed a pattern of misconduct by

failing to get Mr. Langley’s informed consent to any proposed modifications to the loan

agreement and repeatedly mischaracterizing the loan. Respondent contends there was no

pattern of misconduct. For the same reasons articulated in discussing Respondent’s false

testimony, we agree with the hearing judge that Respondent’s pattern of

mischaracterizations is an aggravating factor.

           Refusal to Acknowledge the Wrongful Nature of the Misconduct

       Finally, the hearing judge found Respondent “failed to acknowledge the wrongful

nature of his conduct, instead throughout the process and in [c]ourt he blames others for

his own misconduct[.]” Indeed, Respondent takes exception and asserts that he did nothing

wrong. As discussed supra, we agree Respondent committed various violations of the

                                            33
MARPC, and we further agree Respondent’s failure to acknowledge his wrongful conduct

is an aggravating factor and we, therefore, overrule Respondent’s exception.

                                       SANCTION

       “It is well-established that the purpose of sanctions is not to punish the attorney.

Sanctions are also designed to effect general and specific deterrence. Our guiding principle

in determining sanctions for ethical violations is our interest in protecting the public and

the public’s confidence in the legal profession.” Bonner, 477 Md. at 607, 271 A.3d at 268

(quotation marks and citations omitted). Through sanction, we “protect members of the

public from attorneys who have demonstrated that they are unfit for the practice of law.”

Kalarestaghi, 483 Md. at 243, 291 A.3d at 764 (quotation marks and citation omitted).

“[T]he appropriate sanction for [] violation[s] of the [MARPC] depends on the facts and

circumstances of each case, including consideration of any mitigating factors [and

aggravating factors]. [W]e impose a sanction that is commensurate with the nature and

gravity of the violations and the intent with which they were committed.” Id. at 244, 291

A.3d at 765 (quotation marks and citations omitted) (alterations in original).

       Petitioner recommends disbarment. Petitioner distinguishes Respondent’s conduct

from that of the attorneys in Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Collins, 477 Md. 482, 270 Md.

917 (2022) and Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Sloane to argue that Respondent’s conduct

warrants disbarment rather than suspension.        Respondent asserts he committed no

violations and no sanction is warranted. In Collins, disbarment was removed as the

standard sanction in cases where “there was no theft or intentional misappropriation of

                                            34
funds by the attorney, the attorney had not benefitted or profited from the misconduct, and

no client had been harmed.” 477 Md. at 530, 270 A.3d. at 946. Likewise, Sloane concluded

disbarment was not appropriate where the respondent’s misconduct was limited to a single

matter, and he had no prior discipline. 483 Md. at 172, 290 A.3d at 1050 (“Respondent’s

lack of prior attorney discipline over his extensive career cautions against the ultimate

sanction of disbarment.”).

       Here, unlike Collins, Respondent attempted to deprive Mr. Langley of $26,000 to

$40,000. Respondent tried to accomplish this by lying to Mr. Langley and the circuit court

in Langley v. Donnelly. Respondent’s refusal to repay also harmed Mr. Langley by forcing

him to go to court to recover and depriving him of tens of thousands of dollars for nearly a

decade. See Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Edib, 415 Md. 696, 721, 4 A.3d 957, 972 (2010)

(recognizing that clients were harmed in two cases in which attorneys took fees for no work

or incompetent work). And unlike Sloane, Respondent has been previously disciplined.

Donnelly, 458 Md. at 325–26, 182 A.3d at 794–95. Further, Respondent brought no one

to testify to his good reputation in the community. See Sloane, 483 Md. at 171, 290 A.3d

at 1050 (“Respondent maintains a good reputation among his clients and friends, as

evidenced by the testimony of his character witnesses.”).

       Respondent’s purposeful and repeated mischaracterizations in an attempt to avoid

repaying Mr. Langley and skirt discipline is not the harmless misconduct contemplated by

Collins and Sloane. Respondent’s case is closer to Wemple, as he “never acknowledged

the wrongful nature of his misconduct; rather, [r]espondent belatedly attempted to excuse

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his conduct with assertions of illness without proper documentation or support.” 479 Md.

at 204, 277 A.3d at 449.

       “Candor and truthfulness are two of the most important moral character traits of a

lawyer.” Myers, 333 Md. at 449, 635 A.2d at 1319. It is this Court’s obligation to “protect

members of the public from attorneys who have demonstrated that they are unfit for the

practice of law.” Kalarestaghi, 483 Md. at 243, 291 A.3d at 764 (quotation marks and

citation omitted). Based on Respondent’s MARPC violations, the lack of mitigating

factors, and the presence of several aggravating factors, we conclude the appropriate

sanction must be disbarment.

                                    CONCLUSION

       For the above reasons, we disbar Respondent for his violations of MARPC 19-

301.4, 19-301.8(a), 19-303.1, 19-303.3(a), 19-308.1(a), and 19-308.4(a)–(d).

                                                 IT IS SO ORDERED; RESPONDENT
                                                 SHALL PAY ALL COSTS AS TAXED
                                                 BY THE CLERK OF THIS COURT,
                                                 INCLUDING COSTS OF ALL
                                                 TRANSCRIPTS, PURSUANT TO
                                                 MARYLAND RULE 19-709(d), FOR
                                                 WHICH SUM JUDGMENT IS
                                                 ENTERED IN FAVOR OF THE
                                                 ATTORNEY           GRIEVANCE
                                                 COMMISSION AGAINST VERNON
                                                 CHARLES DONNELLY.

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