Court Opinion

ID: 806237
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2012-08-08 18:57:58+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:26:11.636580
License: Public Domain

Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 1 of 34

                                                        [DO NOT PUBLISH]

           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                   FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                    ________________________

                           No. 12-10211
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 8:02-cr-00450-SCB-EAJ-4

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                versus

JULIAN DELEON MONROE,
a.k.a. Julu,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-10357
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 8:08-cr-00195-SCB-MAP-1
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 2 of 34

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                versus

WILLIE LLOYD,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

                            No. 12-10416
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                D.C. Docket No. 8:06-cr-00199-SCB-MSS-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                versus

PAUL DAVID LAMAR,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

                            No. 12-10417
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                D.C. Docket No. 8:08-cr-00230-SCB-EAJ-1

                                   2
             Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 3 of 34

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                               Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                    versus

LAMARCUS WALTHUGH STILLING,
a.k.a. Lamarcus Walthugh Stillings,
                                                            Defendant-Appellant.

                         ________________________

                               No. 12-10418
                           Non-Argument Calendar
                         ________________________

                   D.C. Docket No. 8:08-cr-00015-SCB-EAJ-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                               Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                    versus

JOHN A. MILLS,
a.k.a. John A. Benton,
a.k.a. John A. Mielo,
a.k.a. Bird,
a.k.a. Blood God,

                                                            Defendant-Appellant.

                                       3
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 4 of 34

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-10572
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

             D.C. Docket No. 8:08-cr-00412-RAL-MAP-4

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                versus

KERLIN BELLOT,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-10574
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

             D.C. Docket No. 3:00-cr-00054-HES-MCR-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                versus

                                   4
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 5 of 34

TERRANCE DALONE PARKER,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                    ________________________

                           No. 12-10593
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 8:04-cr-00247-SCB-EAJ-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                versus

ADRIAN DONNELL JENKINS,
a.k.a. Psych,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                    ________________________

                           No. 12-10725
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

             D.C. Docket No. 6:06-cr-00002-GKS-DAB-1

                                   5
           Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 6 of 34

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                             Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                  versus

RORY GERALD GIBSON,
a.k.a. Rojo,

                                                          Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

                             No. 12-10729
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

                D.C. Docket No. 6:08-cr-00005-GKS-KRS-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                             Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                  versus

DERRICK LEON HARDEN,
a.k.a. Derrick Harden,
a.k.a. Derrick L. Harden,

                                                          Defendant-Appellant.

                                     6
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 7 of 34

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-10763
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 6:05-cr-00114-GAP-KRS-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                versus

CARL DENNIS JOHNSON,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-10767
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

             D.C. Docket No. 6:06-cr-00135-GAP-DAB-2

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                   7
           Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 8 of 34

                                  versus

JOSEPH LEE HOLMES, JR.,
a.k.a. Joseph Lee Holmes,
a.k.a. Joseph L. Holmes,

                                                          Defendant-Appellant.

                       ________________________

                             No. 12-10773
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 6:99-cr-00200-GKS-DAB-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                             Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                  versus

ERIC K. RICHARDSON,

                                                          Defendant-Appellant.

                       ________________________

                             No. 12-10904
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 6:11-cr-00340-GAP-DAB-1

                                     8
             Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 9 of 34

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                               Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                    versus

ELVIS BRANDY,

                                                            Defendant-Appellant.

                          ________________________

                                No. 12-10909
                            Non-Argument Calendar
                          ________________________

                     D.C. Docket No. 8:96-cr-00079-SCB-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                               Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                    versus

KEVIN WILSON,
a.k.a. Clinton Edwards,
a.k.a. Kevin Edwards,
a.k.a. Keevie,

                                                            Defendant-Appellant.

                                       9
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 10 of 34

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-10959
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 2:07-cr-00019-JES-DNF-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

LAWRENCE SMITH,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-10960
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 2:06-cr-00070-JES-SPC-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

WILLIE LASHAWN BELL,

                                   10
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 11 of 34

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

                            No. 12-10961
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 2:04-cr-00087-JES-SPC-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

CHARLES E. DANIELS,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

                            No. 12-10964
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                 D.C. Docket No. 2:01-cr-00093-JES-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

                                   11
           Case: 12-10211      Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 12 of 34

WILLIAM MCGRAW,

                                                             Defendant-Appellant.

                        ________________________

                              No. 12-10965
                          Non-Argument Calendar
                        ________________________

                    D.C. Docket No. 2:03-cr-00008-JES-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                                Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                      versus

TERRENCE TIMONE BELL,
a.k.a. Damar Lafred McCrary,

                                                             Defendant-Appellant.

                        ________________________

                              No. 12-10966
                          Non-Argument Calendar
                        ________________________

                  D.C. Docket No. 2:04-cr-00057-JES-DNF-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                        12
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 13 of 34

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

AGUSTIN AVILA,
a.k.a. Tingo,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-10978
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

                 D.C. Docket No. 8:00-cr-00409-SCB-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

MICHAEL JOB BRITTON,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11039
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 6:00-cr-00157-GAP-GJK-1

                                   13
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 14 of 34

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

SANFORD KNIGHT,
a.k.a. Pee Wee,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11040
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 6:02-cr-00110-GKS-GJK-12

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

WILLIE H. MURPHY,
a.k.a. Coop,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                                   14
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 15 of 34

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11054
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 8:07-cr-00450-SCB-TGW-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

NORRIS ANTONIO SINGLETARY,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11055
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 8:08-cr-00156-SCB-TBM-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

JAMES A. BATTISTE,

                                   15
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 16 of 34

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11099
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 8:09-cr-00304-SCB-MAP-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

MARIO SINCLAIR JELKS,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11103
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

                 D.C. Docket No. 8:02-cr-00240-SCB-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

                                   16
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 17 of 34

DANIEL BELLAMY,
a.k.a. G-Man,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11142
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 3:04-cr-00113-HWM-JRK-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

JASON JAMAAL JACKSON,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11181
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 8:07-cr-00437-SCB-TBM-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                   17
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 18 of 34

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

ANTHONY HENDRICKS,
a.k.a. T-Red,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11182
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

                D.C. Docket 8:09-cr-00534-RAL-AEP-2

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

SHIRLEY DANIELS,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                                   18
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 19 of 34

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11187
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

                 D.C. Docket No. 8:03-cr-00310-SCB-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

LONNIE CAMEL, JR.,
a.k.a. Cameo,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11248
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 2:05-cr-00071-VMC-DNF-5

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

                                   19
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 20 of 34

TERRENCE DENMARK,
a.k.a. Tick,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11249
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 2:00-cr-00041-JES-DNF-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

WILLIAM R. DOWNS,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11318
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 3:05-cr-00135-HES-TEM-1

                                   20
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 21 of 34

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

MARCELLUS MATSON,
a.k.a. Pee Wee,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11319
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 3:09-cr-00104-HES-JRK-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

KOLON MANN,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11322
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

                                   21
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 22 of 34

              D.C. Docket No. 3:06-cr-00339-HES-TEM-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

ANTHONY BUTLER,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11324
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 2:03-cr-00007-JES-DNF-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

CARL MICHAEL CROWE,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                                   22
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 23 of 34

                      ________________________

                            No. 12-11354
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                D.C. Docket No. 6:07-cr-00014-GKS-KRS-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

ANDRAE LERON JOHNSON,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

                            No. 12-11361
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                D.C. Docket No. 8:05-cr-00406-EAK-EAJ-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

ALVIN BARNES,

                                   23
           Case: 12-10211     Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 24 of 34

                                                            Defendant-Appellant.

                          ________________________

                                No. 12-11403
                            Non-Argument Calendar
                          ________________________

                      D.C. Docket No. 2:93-cr-00102-JES-19

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                               Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                     versus

ROBERT UPSHAW,
a.k.a. Robert Epps,

                                                            Defendant-Appellant.

                          ________________________

                                No. 12-11405
                            Non-Argument Calendar
                          ________________________

                 D.C. Docket No. 8:02-cr-00122-SCB-EAJ-9

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                               Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                       24
            Case: 12-10211      Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 25 of 34

                                       versus

LEROY SULLIVAN,
a.k.a. Chicken Hawk,

                                                              Defendant-Appellant.

                          ________________________

                                 No. 12-11407
                             Non-Argument Calendar
                           ________________________

                       D.C. Docket No. 8:02-cr-00033-SCB-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                                 Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                       versus

ELDRED TRACY KELLUM,
a.k.a. Eldridge Tracy Kellum,

                                                              Defendant-Appellant.

                          ________________________

                                 No. 12-11408
                             Non-Argument Calendar
                           ________________________

                       D.C. Docket No. 8:89-cr-00004-EAK-3

                                         25
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 26 of 34

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

ROY LARRY LEE,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11456
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 8:08-cr-00215-SCB-EAJ-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

SHELDON SMITH,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11631
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 6:99-cr-00176-GAP-KRS-1

                                   26
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 27 of 34

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

LEONARD DESHAWN HARMON,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11632
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 6:99-cr-00002-GKS-GJK-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

LUCIOUS SCOTT,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-11651
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

                                   27
          Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 28 of 34

                  D.C. Docket No. 8:01-cr-00107-EAK-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                            Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                  versus

PHILLIP SCOTT, JR.,

                                                         Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

                            No. 12-11742
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 3:03-cr-00357-HLA-MCR-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                            Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                  versus

CHRISTOPHER LASHAWN BROWN,
a.k.a. Mudd,

                                    28
          Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 29 of 34

                                                         Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

                            No. 12-11767
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 3:91-cr-00014-HLA-TEM-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                            Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                  versus

RICHARD GEORGE MATHEWS,
a.k.a. Ricky George Williams,

                                                         Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

                            No. 12-11939
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                D.C. Docket No. 8:07-cr-00532-SCB-EAJ-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                    29
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 30 of 34

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

KEVIN E. MOORE,
a.k.a. KP,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                            No. 12-11950
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                  D.C. Docket No. 8:99-cr-00211-SCB-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

ALONZO BASKIN,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                            No. 12-12030
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                  D.C. Docket No. 8:02-cr-00029-SCB-1

                                   30
         Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 31 of 34

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

KENNETH CHARLES DANIELS,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                     ________________________

                           No. 12-12170
                       Non-Argument Calendar
                     ________________________

              D.C. Docket No. 6:05-cr-00165-GAP-GJK-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

JAMES ROOSEVELT LEE,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                                   31
          Case: 12-10211   Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 32 of 34

                      ________________________

                            No. 12-12199
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 2:05-cr-00076-VMC-DNF-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                            Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                  versus

ANDREW CRUMBLY,

                                                         Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

               Appeals from the United States District Court
                    for the Middle District of Florida
                      ________________________

                            (August 8, 2012)

Before TJOFLAT, CARNES, and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

                                    32
             Case: 12-10211     Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 33 of 34

      In these consolidated appeals, federal prisoners were convicted of crack

cocaine crimes. In each case, the district court calculated the prisoners’ guidelines

ranges using the career offender guideline because each prisoner had at least two

prior felony convictions for a controlled substance offense. See United States

Sentencing Guidelines § 4B1.1 (Nov. 2011). The prisoners later filed motions to

reduce their sentences under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2), contending that Amendment

750 to the guidelines, which lowered the base offense levels for crack cocaine

crimes in U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1, had reduced their guidelines ranges. The district

court denied those motions, and these are the prisoners’ appeals.

      The district court did not err in denying the § 3582(c)(2) motions. In United

States v. Moore, 541 F.3d 1323, 1330 (11th Cir. 2008), we held that “[w]here a

retroactively applicable guideline amendment reduces a defendant’s base offense

level, but does not alter the [career offender] sentencing range upon which his or

her sentence was based, § 3582(c)(2) does not authorize a reduction in sentence.”

Moore controls here. Amendment 750 did not alter the prisoners’ career offender

guidelines ranges, so the district court is not authorized to reduce their sentences

under § 3582(c)(2). See Moore, 541 F.3d at 1330; see also United States v.

Glover, — F.3d —, No. 12-10580, 2012 WL 2814303, at *3 (11th Cir. July 11,

2012) (“[Section 3582(c)(2)], the Sentencing Commission’s corresponding policy

                                          33
             Case: 12-10211    Date Filed: 08/08/2012   Page: 34 of 34

statement, and the commentary to that policy statement all make it clear that a

court cannot use an amendment to reduce a sentence in a particular case unless

that amendment actually lowers the guidelines range in that case. It is that

simple.”). The prisoners argue that the Supreme Court’s decision in Freeman v.

United States, 564 U.S. —, 131 S.Ct. 2685 (2011), abrogated our decision in

Moore, but we have already rejected that argument. See United States v. Lawson,

— F.3d —, No. 11-15912, 2012 WL 2866265, at *2–3 (11th Cir. July 13, 2012).

      AFFIRMED.

                                         34