Court Opinion

ID: 2798564
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-05-05 13:28:01.236309+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:29:28.283222
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

              Present: Judges McCullough, Decker and Senior Judge Annunziata
UNPUBLISHED

              CHARLES SAMUEL HARRIS
                                                                              MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.     Record No. 0006-15-3                                         PER CURIAM
                                                                                  MAY 5, 2015
              PATY DENISE LEONARD HARRIS

                                     FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SCOTT COUNTY
                                                John C. Kilgore, Judge

                               (Timothy W. McAfee; The McAfee Law Firm, on brief), for
                               appellant.

                               (Derrick W. Whetzel; Rachel W. Logan; BotkinRose PLC, on brief),
                               for appellee.

                     Charles Samuel Harris (husband) appeals an order holding that the trial court did not have

              the authority to modify or terminate husband’s spousal support obligation to Paty Denise Leonard

              Harris (wife). Husband argues that the trial court erred by finding that (1) “the Final Decree of

              Divorce entered in this case on April 25, 1995 was a consent Order entered by agreed disposition of

              the parties and consequently is the equivalent of a stipulation or contract described in Va. Code

              § 20-109(C);” and (2) “it was without authority to modify or discontinue [husband’s] current

              support obligation.” Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this

              appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See

              Rule 5A:27.

                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                                             BACKGROUND

         The parties were divorced on April 25, 1995. The final decree of divorce stated, in part,

“By agreement of the parties and counsel, the defendant shall pay spousal support to the

complainant in the following amounts: $300.00 per month beginning on May 1, 1995; $400.00

per month beginning on July 1, 1996; and $500.00 per month beginning on August 1, 1998, to be

paid on the first day of each month.”

         On March 26, 2014, husband filed a motion to modify support.1 On June 9, 2014, the

parties appeared before the trial court2 and presented evidence that showed husband was retired

and his income “has substantially been reduced since the last Court Order,” whereas wife’s

income “has substantially increased.” Further, the trial court found that husband did not have the

ability to pay spousal support, and wife had the ability to meet her needs. The trial court asked

the parties to submit written argument on whether the trial court had the authority to modify

spousal support because the final decree was entered pursuant to the parties’ agreement.

         Both parties submitted written memoranda. In his memorandum, husband discussed the

differences between periodic payments and lump sum awards and the court’s ability to modify

those types of awards. He argued, “Since the spousal support award was in the form of periodic

payments, a trial court has jurisdiction to modify the award.” Wife argued that the trial court did

not have the authority to modify the spousal support obligation because the divorce decree was a

stipulation or contract between the parties and there was no language in the decree regarding the

modification of spousal support.

         1
         Initially, the motion to modify support referred to child support. On June 6, 2014,
husband filed a motion to amend and clarified that the motion to modify should have referred to
spousal support.
         2
             There is no transcript for this hearing, but the record includes a written statement of
facts.
                                                    -2-
       On December 8, 2014, the trial court entered an order holding that it did not have the

authority to modify the spousal support because the final decree of divorce was “the equivalent

of a stipulation or contract described in Va. Code § 20-109(C).” Husband did not endorse the

final decree, nor did he submit any post-trial motions. This appeal followed.

                                            ANALYSIS

                                      Assignment of error #1

       For his first assignment of error on appeal, husband argues that the parties’ final decree

was not a stipulation or contract as contemplated by Code § 20-109(C). Husband raises this

argument for the first time on appeal. We “will not consider an argument on appeal which was

not presented to the trial court.” Ohree v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d
484, 488 (1998); see Rule 5A:18 (“No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis

for reversal unless an objection was stated with reasonable certainty at the time of the ruling,

except for good cause shown or to enable the Court of Appeals to attain the ends of justice.”).

Accordingly, this Court will not consider husband’s first assignment of error.

                                      Assignment of error #2

       Husband argues that the trial court erred in determining that it was without authority to

modify or terminate his spousal support obligation. He contends “the character of the spousal

support award in this matter permits modification.” He asserts that the language in the final

decree allowed for periodic payments, not a lump sum award, and consequently, the trial court

could modify the spousal support obligation.3

       3
         Since these arguments mirror the arguments in his written memorandum to the trial
court, husband preserved these arguments. See Lee v. Lee, 12 Va. App. 512, 515, 404 S.E.2d
736, 738 (1991) (en banc).
                                              -3-
       Husband relies on Mallery-Sayre v. Mallery, 6 Va. App. 471, 474, 370 S.E.2d 113, 115

(1988), which stated that

               A periodic payment is a specified amount payable at designated
               intervals with the sum total uncertain; the amount of the payment
               can be modified by the court, if one of the parties can show a
               change in circumstances, or the amount of payment can be
               modified by agreement of the parties.

       Husband’s argument fails, however, because the parties agreed to the spousal support

provision. The parties handwrote the language in the final decree that stated, “By the agreement

of the parties and counsel.” By adding this language, the parties indicated that the spousal

support award was an agreement between the parties and not a court award.

       In Newman v. Newman, 42 Va. App. 557, 562, 593 S.E.2d 533, 536 (2004) (en banc)

(quoting Blackburn v. Michael, 30 Va. App. 95, 100, 515 S.E.2d 780, 783 (1999)), the Court

stated, “‘Code § 20-109(A) empowers trial courts to modify a spousal support award, but Code

§ 20-109(C) expressly limits the court’s authority to modify an agreed upon spousal support

award according to the terms of a stipulation or contract signed by the parties.’” It further

explained, “Under Code § 20-109.1, a trial court may ‘incorporate’ by reference contractual

provisions into any decree either before or after the entry of a final order. All the more, a trial

court may incorporate verbatim the terms of an agreement into the very text of a consent decree.”

Id. at 563, 593 S.E.2d at 536.

       In this case, the final decree of divorce included the terms of the parties’ agreement

regarding spousal support, so the final decree acted as a stipulation or contract for the parties.

Therefore, as discussed in Newman, “[a]bsent equitable grounds warranting rescission, a contract

cannot be judicially modified or terminated at the unilateral request of a contract party unless the

agreement expressly authorizes such relief. The same is true for a consent decree.” Id. at

568-69, 593 S.E.2d at 539. The language in the parties’ final decree does not state that the

                                                 -4-
spousal support can be modified. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in concluding that it did

not have the authority to modify or terminate husband’s spousal support obligation.4

                                         CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.

                                                                                         Affirmed.

       4
           In his opening brief, husband raises additional arguments with respect to his second
assignment of error. However, as with his first assignment of error, he raises these arguments for
the first time on appeal, and this Court will not consider them. See Ohree, 26 Va. App. at 308,
494 S.E.2d at 488; Rule 5A:18.
                                                 -5-