Court Opinion

ID: 7108026
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-24 12:23:07.252846+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:13:38.494811
License: Public Domain

Robinson, J.
The case was called for trial; a jury was impaneled; and a witness sw'orn in behalf of the state. Thedefendant at that time objected to the offering of testimony, on the alleged ground that the indictment did not charge the crime of incest, nor any other crime, under the statutes of this state. The objection wais sustained, and we infer that subsequent rulings of the court were also based upon the theory that the indictment did not charge a crime.

1

*212 *20I. Section 4337 of the Code of 1873 authorized the setting aside of an indictment upon motion when any one of several grounds specified was shown to exist. That section did not, however, authorize the setting aside of an indictment on the ground that it did not charge a crime. That defect could have been presented by demurrer. Code 1873, sections 4345, *214352. In case .a demurrer to an indictment were sustained, the court could, on being shown that the defect might be remedied or avoided in another indictment, re-submit the case to another grand jury. Code 1878, section 4357. The usual and better co urse for the defendant to pursue when the indictment is believed to be defective is to demur to it. But that was not the only means of defeating a defective indictment. Section 4444 of the Code of 1873 provided that “the court may also discharge the jury when it appears * * * thart the facts as charged in the indictment do not constitute an offense punishable by law;” and section 4450 provided that, “if the jury be discharged because the facts set forth do not constitute an offense punishable by law, the court must order that the defendant, if in custody, be discharged therefrom, or if admitted to bail, that his bail be exonerated, or if he has deposited money instead of bail, that the money deposited be refunded, unless in its opinion, a new indictment can be framed upon which the defendant can be legally convicted, in which- case the court may direct that the case be submitted to the same or another grand jury.” These sections apply to a case in which the court is convinced after the jury has been impaneled, that the indictment is defective. The method of invoking the action of the court in such a case is not pointed out, and we are of the opinion that the court may act on its own motion without a request from either party. Certainly the court would not be required to permit a useless trial to be continued merely because neither party objected to it. A further reason for not permitting the trial in such a ease to proceed is the fact that a conviction or acquittal by a judgment upon a verdict would have barred another prosecution for the same offense. Code 1873, section 4364. In this cáse the alleged defect was pointed out *22by an objection to evidence, and we think that, if the indictment was defective as claimed, the court was authorized to refuse to receive evidence, and to end the trial. It was within the discretion of the court, if it believed that a new indictment could be framed upon which the defendant could be. convicted, to re-submit the case to the same or another grand jury; but the statute does not require the court to do so, although that •should 'always be done Avben it will tend to prevent the failure of justice.
Numerous .authorities have been cited which are claimed to support the theory that the court erred in sustaining the objection to the introduction of evidence, but they are from other states, and our decision in this case rests upon the statutes of this state. The objection made by the defendant has been spoken of as a demurrer to evidence, but, while intended to exclude evidence, the ruling which sustained it was based upon the conclusion of the court that, whatever the evidence might be, it could not authorize a conviction, because no crime for which a conviction could be had was charged by the indictment. The effect of what was done was to adjudge that the indictment was insufficient in that it did not charge the commission of a crime.
3 II. It is claimed1 that the indictment was sufficient in law to sustain a conviction for the crime of incest, and.we are told that the defect claimed in the district court to exist is the omission of the indictment to aver that the parties1 to the alleged crime had carnal knowledge of each other. The indictment charges that the defendant “did unlawfully and feloniously carnally know and have sexual intercourse with” the daughter of his wife, but it does not allege that the daughter had carnal knowledge of him. The precise question thus presented was determined in *23State v. Hurd, 101 Iowa, 391, where we held that an indictment which charged carnal knowledge on the part of the accused only was sufficient. We are of the opinion that the indictment in this case was sufficient, and that the court erred in refusing to receive evidence, and in dismissing the jury, and in discharging the defendant. The judgment of the district court is, for the reasons shown, reversed.