Court Opinion

ID: 4619242
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-21 02:40:13.217383+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:55:36.274406
License: Public Domain

APPEALS OF AMERICAN CENTRAL FRUIT AUCTION CO.American Cent. Fruit Auction Co. v. CommissionerDocket Nos. 3084, 3169.United States Board of Tax Appeals3 B.T.A. 199; 1925 BTA LEXIS 2011; December 1, 1925, Decided Submitted October 5, 1925.  *2011  Personal service classification denied.  Robert Ash, Esq., for the taxpayer.  J. A. Adams, Esq., for the Commissioner.  SMITH *200  Before LITTLETON, SMITH, and TRUSSELL.  These are appeals from determinations of deficiencies in income and profits tax for the years 1918 and 1919 in the amounts of $15,896.37 and $18,236.29, respectively.  The questions in issue are: (1) Whether during the years 1918 and 1919 the taxpayer was a personal service corporation within the meaning of section 200 of the Revenue Act of 1918, and (2) whether the taxpayer is entitled to deduct from its income for the years 1918 and 1919 amounts for salaries of officers in excess of the amounts actually paid.  For the purpose of the hearing the appeals were consolidated.  FINDINGS OF FACT.  The taxpayer is a corporation organized in 1913 under the laws of the State of Arizona, with its principal office at St. Louis, Mo.  During the years 1918 and 1919 the outstanding capital stock was $200,000, par value, divided into 2,000 shares, which were issued $165,000 for good will and $35,000 for cash.  It was organized for the purpose of carrying on a wholesale fruit business*2012  at auction on a commission basis and was the successor to two preceding organizations engaged in the same business in St. Louis.  The assets and liabilities of the corporation were stated on its books of account as follows: 1918.ASSETS.Good will$165,000.00Furniture and fixtures2,944.50United States Liberty loan bonds (par)25,000.00Deed of trust10,000.00Cash13,153.34216,097.84LIABILITIES.Capital stock200,000.00Surplus invested in Liberty loan bonds5,000.00Surplus in reserve5,100.00Undivided profits5,997.84216,097.841919.ASSETS.Good will$165,000.00Furniture and fixtures2,825.90United States Liberty bonds (par)35,000.00Deed of trust10,000.00Cash19,425.63232,251.53LIABILITIES.Capital stock$200,000.00Surplus invested in Liberty loan bonds15,000.00Surplus in reserve10,700.00Undivided profits6,551.53232,251.53*201  During the tax years involved in this appeal there were 27 stockholders, 7 of whom were officers or employees of the company.  The number of shares of stock, the amount of time devoted to the company, and the compensation of each officer was*2013  as follows: Number of sharesTime devotedSalaryH. C. Pixley (general manager and auctioneer)20All $80 week.J. H. Snyder (cashier and bookkeeper)10do $35 week.Edw. A. Schopp (president)53Part $25 year.O. A. Sommers (secretary and treasurer)100doDo.V. R. Fiorita (vice president)24 3/8doNone.Bob Milligan (director)107DirectorDo.H. M. Smith (director)61doDo.375 3/8The total amount of stock owned by the officers of the company was 375 3/8 shares, or 18.77 per cent of the total stock outstanding.  There were other full-time employees who owned no stock in the company.  The sole business of the company was the sale of fruit at auction.  The fruit was turned over to the company in carload lots by the owner or agent of the shipper and auctioned off to the highest bidder, either in carload lots or in minimum lots of 20 boxes.  The company acted as selling agent and never as principal.  The sales were made for cash and the proceeds, less the company's 2 per cent commission and a "terminal charge" of 1 cent per package for handling, were immediately turned over to the owner or agent for whom the fruit was*2014  sold.  It was customary for the company to pay the freight charges on cars of fruit received, which were deducted from the proceeds of the sale on completion of the transaction.  The auctions were held daily at the Wabash Railroad Terminal, which the company rented, beginning at 9 o'clock in the morning and lasting about two hours.  They were open to the public generally and the sale was made to the highest bidder.  About 20 per cent of the buyers were stockholders of the taxpayer.  Other stockholders attended the auctions when they had fruit of their own to offer, to observe the market, and to stimulate interest in the buying.  The stockholders, most of whom were fruit dealers or brokers frequently and continuously sought to secure business for the auction *202  company through their personal acquaintance with fruit growers and shippers and through constant communication with the fruit dealers they represented in their individual businesses.  The united support of the principal fruit dealers in St. Louis thus assured the company a substantial business and at the same time benefited the individual interests of the stockholders.  The earnings and expenses of the company*2015  for the years 1918 and 1919 were as follows: 1918.EARNINGS.Commission for selling$58,378.67Terminal charges10,763.52Interest on bank certificates500.00Interest on deed trust600.00Interest on daily bank balances333.66Interest on United States Government Liberty loan bonds149.00$70,724.85EXPENSES.Labor:Office$12,226.10Warehouse15,332.1627,558.2625.00Officers' salary25.0050.00Fuel, light, and power246.17Rent one month, December200.00Furniture and fixtures372.61Insurance and surety bond premium867.03Stationery883.94Telephone, etc254.61Postage77.47Adv. and market letters67.50Donations:Salvation Army$25.00Red Cross50.00U.W. Workers150.00225.00Repairs99.43Miscellaneous expenses409.78Taxes and licenses:Federal income paid at source$4,108.50Federal capital stock112.50State and city1,000.265,221.2636,685.66Total profits for year34,039.19Total sales, $2,905,775.50.1919.EARNINGS.Commission for selling$77,971.77Terminal charges13,717.80Interest on deed of trust600.00Interest on daily bank balances444.65Interest on United States Government Liberty loan bonds1,176.10$93,910.32EXPENSES.Labor:Office$14,731.40Warehouse23,080.6037,812.0025.00Officers' salary25.0050.00Fuel, light and power359.07Rent2,400.00Furniture and fixtures353.40Insurance and S.B. premium248.60Stationery721.23Phones, etc277.05Postage39.45Attorney fees, etc41.93Advertising and market letters105.00Repairs67.90Hardware, brooms, and sacks188.71Auditing books25.00Miscellaneous150.43Taxes:Estate and city$636.36Federal280.50916.8643,756.63Total profits for the year50,153.69Total sales, $3,871,276.95.*2016 *203 The corporation paid dividends of $19.07 per share in 1918 and $24.49 per share in 1919.  The salaries paid the officers of the corporation for each of the years 1918 and 1919, and claimed as deductions from gross income in tax returns, amounted to $50.  DECISION.  The determination of the Commissioner is approved.  OPINION.  SMITH: One of the requirements of a personal service corporation is that its income shall be ascribable primarily to the activities of *204  the principal owners or stockholders who are themselves regularly engaged in the active conduct of the affairs of the corporation.  In the instant appeal holders of more than 80 per cent of the stock are not officers or employees of the taxpayer corporation.  They are interested in the success of the corporation, but there is no evidence that they are "regularly" engaged in the active conduct of its affairs.  In view of this fact the corporation fails to meet one of the essential requirements of a personal service corporation.  The taxpayer claims the right to deduct from gross income for the years 1918 and 1919 amounts for salaries of officers is excess of the amounts ever paid or incurred. *2017  The statute permits the deduction of ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year in carrying on any trade or business, "including a reasonable allowance for salaries or other compensation for personal services actually rendered." It is the contention of the taxpayer that salaries of only $50 per year to its two principal officers is not reasonable compensation for services actually rendered, and, therefore, that in computing net income the taxpayer should be entitled to the deduction of a large amount for compensation of officers.  Salaries or other compensation of officers which are neither paid nor incurred are not ordinary and necessary expenses and are not legal deductions from gross income under section 234(a)(1) of the Revenue Act of 1918.