Court Opinion

ID: 883713
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-06-05 02:35:02.241987+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:16:11.122204
License: Public Domain

No.    94-520
           IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
                                    1995

IN THE MATTER OF THE MENTAL
HEALTH OF D.H.,
          Respondent and Appellant.

APPEAL FROM:   District Court of the First Judicial District,
               In and for the County of Lewis and Clark,
               The Honorable Dorothy McCarter, Judge presiding.

COUNSEL OF RECORD:
          For Appellant:
               Allen Smith, Jr., and Lonnie Olson, Mental
               Disabilities Board of Visitors, Montana
               Advocacy Program, Warm Springs, Montana
          For Respondent:
               Hon. Joseph P. Mazurek, Attorney General,
               Jennifer Anders, Assistant Attorney
               General, Helena, Montana
               Mike McGrath, Lewis and Clark County
               Attorney, Vicki Frazier, Deputy County
               Attorney, Helena, Montana

                                    Submitted on Briefs:   March 2, 1995
                                                Decided:   April 11, 1995
Filed:
Justice Terry N. Trieweiler              delivered the opinion of the Court.

        On September 13, 1994, the Lewis and Clark County Attorney's

Office filed a petition in the District Court for the First

Judicial District in Lewis and Clark County, in which it alleged

that    D.H.     was    seriously mentally ill and requested that                    the

District       Court   enter    an    appropriate    treatment   order    pursuant   to

§ 53-21-127, MCA.         Later that day, the District Court ordered that

D.H.    be involuntarily committed to the custody of the Montana

Department of Corrections and Human Services for placement in the

Montana State Hospital at Warm Springs for a period not to exceed

90 days.       D.H. appeals from the District Court's order.                  We reverse

the order of the District Court.

        The following issue is dispositive on appeal:

        Were    the    procedural      safeguards    imposed   by   statute     followed

prior to the District Court's order which committed D.H. to the

State    Hospital?
                                 FACTUAL     BACKGROUND

        On September 11, 1994,            D.H. voluntarily entered a support

center at St. Peter's Hospital in Helena, where he had sought

treatment        on     prior        occasions      for   symptoms       of    paranoid

schizophrenia.         The following day, while D.H. was at the hospital,

a hospital employee, Carol Fraser, filed a mental evaluation report

and requested that a petition be filed to commit D.H. to a mental

health facility.

                                             2
       On September 13, 1994, the Lewis and Clark County Attorney's
Office filed a petition in District Court in which it              requested a

commitment order.          Attached to the petition was Frazer's evaluation

of D.H.    That same day, the District Court appointed an attorney to

represent D.H., ordered that an initial appearance be made by D.H.,

and found that probable cause existed to believe that D.H. was

seriously mentally ill.

       At or immediately following the initial appearance, the court

issued another order in which it related that D.H. had appeared and

was advised of his constitutional rights, as well as the effect of
the petition,      and directed that a hearing be held at 2:35 p.m.,

five   minutes     after    the   initial   appearance.    In that order, the

court also appointed a "friend"             of the respondent,    and   ordered

Robert E. Brown, a professional person of D.H.'s choice, to examine

him.    Finally,    the court stated that Fraser's report attached to

the petition was            sufficient to     satisfy     the requirements of

§ 53-21-123, MCA.

       The hearing to consider the merits of the petition was held

immediately following the initial appearance.              Frazer was the only

witness called to testify.
       Following the hearing, the District Court ordered that D.H. be

committed to the Montana State Hospital for a period not to exceed

90 days.    This appeal is brought on D.H.'s behalf by attorneys for

the Mental Disabilities Board of Visitors.
                                   DISCUSSION
        Were the procedural safeguards imposed by statute followed

prior to the District Court's order which committed D.H. to the

State    Hospital?

        The issue in this case involves the application of Montana

statutes to undisputed facts.                 We review a district court's

application of the law to determine whether the district court was

correct.        Barthulev. Karman (Mont. 1994), 886 P.2d 971, 975, 51. St.

Rep.    1423,    1425.

        D.H.    contends    that   because     the    District   Court   ignored

procedural        requirements     related     to     civil   commitments,   its

commitment order should be reversed.                The State concedes that the

procedural       issue raised by D.H. is controlled by our recent

decision in MatterofR.M       (Mont. 1995),    889 P.2d 1201, 52 St. Rep. 68.

However, during the briefing stages of this case, the parties did

not have the benefit of that result.

        Montana has enacted specific procedural safeguards which must

be complied with as part of any effort to involuntarily commit any

person.         See generally Title 53, Chapter 21, MCA.            Pursuant to

§ 53-21-121, MCA, a           county attorney may file a petition for

commitment of a person alleged to be seriously mentally ill upon
receipt of a written request from a person with direct knowledge of

relevant facts.          Once presented with a petition, a district court

must first consider whether probable cause exists to support the

petition.       Section 53-21-122(2) (a), MCA. If probable cause exists,

                                        4
the court must immediately appoint counsel for the respondent and

hold an initial hearing.          At the initial hearing, the respondent
must be      advised of his or her constitutional rights and the

substantive effect of the petition.                 Section 53-21-122(2) (b) (i),
MCA.     Finally,     the court is required to appoint a professional

person to examine the respondent,               appoint a        "friend" for the

respondent,       and set a date and time for a hearing on the petition.

Section 53-21-122(2) (b) (ii), MCA.
       Section 53-21-123(l),          MCA, states that following an initial

hearing,    and without unreasonable delay, the respondent shall be

examined by the appointed professional person who shall report to
the county attorney and the court.             If the appointed professional

person    recommends    dismissal,      the court should ordinarily dismiss

the petition.        Section 53-21-123(2) (a), MCA.            If the professional
person finds that commitment proceedings should continue, the

scheduled hearing should be held.             Section 53-21-123(2) (b), MCA.

       As we recognized in MatterofRM, "'Montana's civil commitment

laws are to be strictly followed.'" MutterofRM, 889 P.2d at 1204

(quoting MatterofU (1988), 231 Mont. 353, 355, 753 P.2d 319, 320

(citations        omitted)).     We    also   noted     that    these   procedural

safeguards are of critical importance because of the "'calamitous

effect of a commitment [,I’ including loss of liberty and damage to

a   person's      reputation."    Matter of R.M.,    889 P.2d at 1204 (quoting

MatterofShennum    (1984), 210 Mont. 442, 450-51, 684 P.2d 1073, 1078).

                                          5
     In this case, the District Court failed to strictly follow the

statutory     procedures       for    a   civil   commitment     set      forth at
§ 53-21-123,     MCA,      which     require   that,     following the initial
hearing,    the respondent be examined by the professional person

appointed at the initial hearing, and that that person immediately

notify the county attorney of his or her findings and file a

written report with the court.            Contrary to § 53-21-123, MCA, the

court relied on Frazer's examination of D.H. which was performed

before the commitment proceeding was initiated.

     The State contends that D.H. waived his right to challenge

procedural flaws on appeal because he did not object on that basis

in the District Court.         We rejected that argument in MatterofR.M,

889 P.2d at 1204-05, and held that because substantial rights of an

individual are involved in a civil commitment proceeding,                         the

general rule relied on by the State is inapplicable.                   Matter of R.M ,

889 P.2d at 1205 (citing MatterofNB. (1980), 190 Mont. 319, 323, 620

P.Zd 1228, 1231).
     We hold that the District Court erred when it failed to comply

with the specific requirements of § 53-21-123, MCA, and for that

reason     reverse   its    order     which committed D.H.       to the State

Hospital.     Because of this holding, we conclude it is unnecessary

to consider the remaining issues raised on appeal.

                                                       J stice

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We   concur: