Court Opinion

ID: 9841329
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-09-21 22:05:22.427672+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:48:33.013004
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA

                                 5000141t* Kel

                                     FIRST CIRCUIT

                                      2023 CA 0076

                                     FEBEE LOUKA

                                         VERSUS

       THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF
       LOUISIANA SYSTEM D/ B/A UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA AT
               LAFAYETTE; and ABC INSURANCE COMPANY

                                                 Judgment Rendered:       SEP 212023

                     On Appeal from the 19th Judicial District Court
                       In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge
                                     State of Louisiana
                     Trial Court Docket Number C669227, Sec. 21

                       Hon. Ronald R. Johnson, Judge Presiding

G. Karl Bernard                                  Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellant,
New Orleans, Louisiana                           Febee Louka

Shirley Stepney                                  Plaintiff/Appellant,
Lafayette, Louisiana                             appearing pro se

Jeff Landry                                      Counsel for Defendant/Appellee,
Attorney General                                 Board of Supervisors for the
Caitlyn Paige Beyt                               University of Louisiana System
Daniel J. Phillips
Patrick B. McIntire,
Assistant Attorneys General
Lafayette, Louisiana

            BEFORE:        THERIOT, PENZATO, AND GREENE, JJ.
PENZATO, J.

        On appeal, plaintiff/appellant, Febee Louka, asserts that the trial court erred

by dismissing her suit with prejudice when it granted the motion for summary

judgment filed by defendant/ appellee, the Board of Supervisors for the University

of Louisiana System.         Ms. Louka maintains that the trial court should have,

instead, dismissed her suit without prejudice because she was unable to retain legal

counsel to oppose the Board' s motion for summary judgment. For the following

reasons, we affirm the judgment rendered in favor of the Board and against Febee

Louka, granting the Board' s motion for summary judgment and dismissing Ms.
Louka' s suit with prejudice.

        We grant the Board' s motion to dismiss the appeal by plaintiff/appellant,

Shirley Stepney, finding this court lacks jurisdiction to consider her appeal.

                       FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        Febee Louka and Shirley Stepney have been employed by the University of

Louisiana at Lafayette ( ULL) since 2007 and 2008, respectively. Ms. Louka is an

associate professor of chemistry, and Ms. Stepney is a laboratory technician. Both

work in Montgomery Hall on ULL's campus. Ms. Louka and Ms. Stepney allege

that they experienced " severe health issues" caused by " prolonged and continuous"

exposure to " toxic"   or " harmful mold" growing in Montgomery Hall.

        Ms. Louka filed suit against the Board on May 11, 2018, and Ms. Stepney
joined as plaintiff on April 10, 2019. At the time, both plaintiffs were represented

by counsel with the law firm of Davidson, Meaux, Sonnier, McElligott, Fontenot,
Gideon &      Edwards, LLP.     On October 8, 2020, the trial court signed an order

allowing the attorneys with Davidson, Meaux to withdraw as counsel for Ms.

Louka and Ms. Stepney. Three months later, on January 11, 2021, the Board filed

the subject motion for summary judgment. The Board asserted that the plaintiffs

could   not   prove    causation,   an essential element of their burden of proof.

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Therefore, the Board maintained it was entitled to summary judgment as a matter

of law. A contradictory hearing on the motion was set for April 8, 2021.

      At the time the Board' s motion was filed, the plaintiffs were unrepresented.

However, on February 1, 2021, the trial court signed an order enrolling an attorney

with the Stanford Law Firm as counsel on behalf of Ms. Louka and Ms. Stepney.

An unopposed motion to continue the hearing on the Board' s motion for summary

judgment, filed by plaintiffs' new counsel, was granted on March 12, 2021.        The

hearing on the Board' s motion was continued without date. Shortly thereafter, on

May 17, 2021, the attorney with the Stanford Law Firm filed a motion to withdraw

as counsel on behalf of the plaintiffs. The motion to withdraw was set for a

contradictory hearing on August 16, 2021. The order granting the motion, signed

on September 14, 2021, reflects that the motion to withdraw was granted at the

conclusion of the August 16, 2021 hearing.

      On September 22, 2021, the Board filed a motion to reset the hearing on its

motion for summary judgment. The hearing was set for January 20, 2022.              It

appears the time of the hearing was changed after the order was served, and the

plaintiffs were not notified; therefore, the hearing did not go forward as set.   On

January 21,   2022,
                      the Board filed a second motion to reset the hearing on its
motion for summary judgment. Although the order set the hearing for December

22, 2022, a minute entry dated February 1, 2022, reflects that the trial court reset

the hearing date from the December setting to February 17, 2022. The trial court

confirmed that all parties received notice of the new hearing date via email.     The

transcript from the February 17, 2022 hearing further reflects that both plaintiffs

attended the hearing and confirmed their receipt of the court' s notice of the

February 2022 hearing date.

      During the hearing, the trial court first heard from the plaintiffs about their
inability to obtain counsel.   After reviewing the history of the case, the court

                                         3
concluded that the plaintiffs had several months prior to the February 2022 hearing

to find new counsel to oppose the Board' s motion. The trial court determined that

the plaintiffs had reasonable and sufficient time to obtain counsel and had simply

been unsuccessful.       Recognizing the Board was entitled to its day in court and

could not be required to wait indefinitely for a decision on its motion, the trial

court proceeded with the hearing on the Board' s motion for summary judgment.

       On the merits, the trial court confirmed that the plaintiffs did not file an

opposition to the Board' s motion and supporting evidence as required by La.

C. C. P. art. 966( B)( 2). The Board objected when the plaintiffs attempted to offer

evidence, asserting it had no opportunity to see or review the documents. The trial

court sustained the Board' s objection and refused to consider the plaintiffs'

evidence, instead allowing them to proffer their evidence.

       After hearing argument from the Board and the plaintiffs, the trial court

found that the Board satisfied its summary judgment burden of proving that the
plaintiffs would be unable to prove the causation element of their burden of proof

at trial and granted the Board' s motion. See La. C. C. P. art. 966( D)( 1).   A judgment

in conformity with this ruling was signed on March 9, 2022, and dismissed the

plaintiffs' suit with prejudice. This appeal followed.

           MOTION TO DISMISS SHIRLEY STEPNEY' S APPEAL

       On April    11,   2022,   Ms. Louka, appearing pro se,        filed a motion for

devolutive appeal on her own behalf and purportedly on behalf of Ms. Stepney.

The motion for appeal was signed only by Ms. Louka.

       After the appeal was lodged, the Board filed a motion to dismiss Ms.

Stepney' s appeal, which was referred to this panel for decision. The Board asserts

that the motion for appeal filed and signed by Ms. Louka was without effect as to
Ms.   Stepney, because Ms. Louka is not an attorney. Thus, Ms. Louka had no

                                            V
authority to file the motion for appeal on Ms. Stepney' s behalf 1 We agree.

         Ms. Louka is not licensed to practice law in Louisiana; therefore, she cannot

represent Ms. Stepney in proper person and was not permitted by law to file a

motion for appeal on Ms. Stepney' s behalf.                See La. R.S. 37: 212; Senior' s Club

ADHC and PCA Center a State, 2015- 1165 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 12/ 22/ 16), 2016 WL

7439328, * 2 (       unpublished),    writ   not   considered,    2017- 0342 ( La. 4/ 7/ 17),      218

So. 3d 117.        Ms. Stepney did not file a motion for appeal on her own behalf and,

therefore, failed to timely file an appeal.

         An appeal is taken by obtaining an order therefor, within the delay allowed,

from the court which rendered the judgment.2                   La. C. C. P. art. 2121. Appellate

courts do not acquire jurisdiction of an appeal that is not timely perfected. Phillips

u Exxon Chemical Louisiana, LLC, 2022- 1290 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 6/ 23/ 23), ---

So. 3d ---, ---,     2023 WL 4140759, * 2.         An appellant' s failure to file a devolutive

appeal timely is a jurisdictional defect, in that neither the court of appeal nor any

other court has the jurisdictional power and authority to reverse, revise, or modify

a final judgment after the time for filing a devolutive appeal has elapsed. See La.
C. C. P. art. 2087. See also Senior's Club, 2016 WL 7439328, * 2; Phillips, --- So. 3d

           2023 WL 4140759 at *          2. Consequently, we grant the motion to dismiss

filed by the Board and dismiss Ms. Stepney' s appeal.
                                 FEBEE LOUKA' S APPEAL

         On appeal, Ms. Louka. does not assert that the trial court erred by granting
the Board' s motion for summary judgment on the merits.                      Ms. Louka does not

1 Ms. Stepney did not file an opposition to the Board' s motion. Additionally, we note that G.
Karl Bernard with Karl Bernard Law, LLC enrolled as counsel on behalf of the plaintiffs on
April 18, 2022. Although Mr. Bernard filed an appellate brief on behalf of "Febee Louka, et al.,"
he represented to the court during oral argument that he was appearing on behalf of Ms. Louka
only.

2
    Perfecting an appeal of a judgment, pursuant to the requirements of La. C. C.P. art. 2121,
requires ( 1) a petition or motion for appeal, ( 2) an order of appeal, and ( 3) a notice of appeal. See
Maraist, F., 1 La. Civ. L. Treatise, Civil Procedure § 14: 7, n. l ( 2d ed. Nov. 2021 update).

                                                   9
contend that the Board' s evidence was insufficient to satisfy its summary judgment

burden of proof, nor does she maintain that a genuine issue of fact remains. See

La. C. C. P. art. 966( D)( 1).    Instead, in a single assignment of error, Ms. Louka

asserts that the trial court erred by dismissing her suit with prejudice when it

granted the Board' s motion for summary judgment.                     Ms. Louka argues that

dismissal should have been without prejudice since she was unable to retain legal

counsel to oppose the Board' s motion.

       During argument before this court, Ms. Louka' s counsel conceded that the

trial court did not err by granting the Board' s motion for summary judgment.

Counsel confirmed that Ms. Louka' s sole argument is that the trial court erred by

dismissing her suit with prejudice when it granted the Board' s motion. Therefore,

we do not consider whether the trial court properly granted the Board' s motion for

summary judgment on the merits.3

       Ms.    Louka' s argument,       advocating for dismissal without prejudice,                is

contrary to Louisiana law. When summary judgment is proper, the resulting

judgment is final, granting a party part or all of the requested relief. See La. C.C. P.
art. 968.
             The relief granted is final and not subject to revision by the trial court
outside of new trial procedures.       Just as it is erroneous to grant a dismissal without

prejudice after a trial on the merits, it is erroneous to grant a dismissal without

prejudice pursuant to the granting of a motion for summary judgment. By its

nature the granting of summary judgment indicates that there is nothing left to
determine and the law requires judgment be entered for one party. Vega v. Wal-

Mart Stores, Inc., 2003- 2239 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 9/ 17/ 04), 888 So. 2d 242, 243

3 Uniform Rules—Courts of Appeal Rule 1- 3 provides that a court of appeal shall review issues
that were submitted to the trial court and that are contained in specifications or assignments of
error, unless the interest of justice requires otherwise. In light of Ms. Louka' s unequivocal
position that the trial court did not err by granting the Board' s motion for summary judgment
but, instead, only erred by dismissing her suit with prejudice, we find that the interest ofjustice
does not warrant this court to consider the merits of the Board' s motion for summary judgment.

                                                Cel
 finding the trial court erred in granting summary judgment without prejudice and

amending the judgment to reflect a dismissal with prejudice).     See also Jackson v.

State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co., 27, 611 ( La. App. 2d Cir. 12/ 6/ 95), 665

So. 2d 661,   664.    Therefore, the trial court followed the proper procedure in

dismissing Ms. Louka' s suit with prejudice after finding the Board was entitled to

summary judgment as a matter of law. See La. C. C. P. art. 966( D)( 1).

      Even if a judgment without prejudice were allowed, we also agree with the

trial court that Ms. Louka had sufficient time to retain counsel, and her failure to

do so would not have merited a dismissal of her suit without prejudice. More than

one year lapsed between the time the Board filed its motion for summary judgment

 January 2021) and the contradictory hearing ( February 2022).       The motion was

pending in the fall of 2021, when the Stanford Law Firm was allowed to withdraw

as counsel for the plaintiffs.    Ms. Louka knew for approximately six months that

she needed to retain new counsel to oppose the Board' s motion.

      Time periods far shorter than this have been held to be sufficient to allow the

plaintiff to retain counsel.   See Moity v. New Iberia Bank, 612 So.2d 140, 142 ( La.

App. 3d Cir. 1992) ( finding thirty-three days was enough time to allow the plaintiff

to retain counsel).   In Austin v. Bearden, 566 So. 2d 1003, 1006- 07 ( La. App. 3d

Cir.), writ denied, 568 So. 2d 1086 ( La. 1990), Bearden attempted to engage an

attorney to represent him in the two and one-half months between his attorney' s
withdrawal and the trial date.     He was simply unsuccessful. The court of appeal

recognized that the trial court was bound to consider the rights of the other parties

to the suit, besides Bearden, and it would have been grossly unfair to the other
parties, who were prepared for trial, to continue the scheduled trial date.   The trial

court did not abuse its wide discretion in denying Bearden a continuance. Austin,
566 So.2d at 1007.
                       In civil cases, a litigant is not guaranteed representation by
counsel, and a plaintiff is not entitled to indefinite continuances simply because she

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contends that she is unable to secure counsel. Austin, 566 So.2d at 1006; Gilcrease

v.   Bacarisse, 26, 318 ( La.   App. 2d Cir.   12/ 7/ 94),   647 So. 2d 1219, 1223,   writ

denied, 95- 0421 ( La. 3/ 30/ 95), 651 So. 2d 845 ( recognizing the trial court could not

possibly have predicted when, or if, plaintiff would retain an attorney, and the

court cannot be closed to defendants who wish to have the case resolved.)

Additionally, a trial court has wide discretion in the control of its docket. Rover

Group, Inc. v. Clark, 2021- 1365 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 4/ 8/ 22), 341 So. 3d 842, 846,

writ denied, 2022- 00766 ( La. 9/ 20/ 22), 346 So.3d 287.

        For these reasons, we find no error in the trial court' s judgment, dismissing

Ms. Louka' s suit with prejudice.

                                        DECREE

        The March 9, 2022 judgment rendered in favor of the Board of Supervisors

for the University of Louisiana System and against Febee Louka, granting the

motion for summary judgment filed by the Board and dismissing Ms. Louka' s suit
with    prejudice,   is affirmed.   The motion to dismiss filed by the Board of

Supervisors for the University of Louisiana System is granted and the appeal by
Shirley Stepney is dismissed. All costs of this appeal area assessed against Febee

Louka.

        JUDGMENT AFFIRMED. MOTION TO DISMISS GRANTED.