Court Opinion

ID: 9911504
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-20 03:02:17.041253+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:50:32.735620
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

        CORY M. PATTON,                                     )
                                                            )
                   Plaintiff,                               )
                                                            )
             v.                                             )     C.A. No.: N23C-08-316 EMD
                                                            )
        QUALITY ENTERPRISES, LLC,                           )
                                                            )
                    Defendant.                              )

                                         Submitted: December 15, 2023
                                          Decided: December 19, 2023

                                     Upon Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss
                                                DENIED

Patrick C. Gallagher, Esquire, Jacobs & Crumplar, P.A., Wilmington, Delaware. Attorney for
Plaintiff Cory M. Patton.

Anthony N. Delcollo, Esquire, Michael K. DeSantis, Esquire, Alpa V. Batia, Esquire, Offit
Kurman, P.A., Wilmington, Delaware. Attorneys for Defendant Quality Enterprises, LLC.

DAVIS, J.

                                           I.       INTRODUCTION

           This is a civil action concerning claims of employment discrimination. Plaintiff Cory M.

Patton alleges that his former employer, Defendant Quality Enterprises, LLC (“Quality” or

“Defendant”), fired him following a diabetic health incident in violation of Delaware’s Persons

with Disabilities Employment Protections Act (“DPDEPA”).1 On August 31, 2023, Mr. Patton

filed his Complaint with this Court alleging counts of (i) Disparate Treatment; and (ii) Failure to

Accommodate.

1
    Complaint ¶ 28 (hereinafter “Compl.”) (D.I. No. 1). The DPDEPA is 19 Del. C. §§ 702, et. seq.
         Quality filed a Motion to Dismiss (the “Motion”) pursuant to Superior Court Civil Rule

12(b)(6) on October 2, 2023.2 Quality argued that Mr. Patton has failed to state a claim upon

which relief can be granted because (i) his diabetes does not qualify as a disability under the law;

and (ii) even if it did, he has failed to sufficiently plead facts supporting his claims.3 Mr. Patton

opposed the Motion and filed his Response on October 22, 2023.4 The Court held a hearing on

the Motion on December 15, 2023.5 At the conclusion of the Hearing, the Court took the Motion

under advisement.

         For the reasons set forth below, the Motion is DENIED.

                                        II.       RELEVANT FACTS

    A. THE PARTIES

       i.    Plaintiff

         Mr. Patton is a resident of New Castle, Delaware.6 He was employed by Quality as a

Shop Laborer between 2017 and March 25, 2022, the date of his termination.7

      ii.    Defendant

         Quality is a Delaware Limited Liability Company located in New Castle, Delaware.8

According to Plaintiff, Quality “performs fleet automotive repair and commercial building

maintenance” and has somewhere between four and twenty employees.9

2
  Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss (hereinafter “Mot.”) (D.I. No. 4).
3
  See generally Mot.
4
  Resp. to Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss (hereinafter “Resp.”) (D.I. No. 5).
5
  D.I. No. 6.
6
  Compl. ¶ 1.
7
  Id. ¶ 4.
8
  Id. ¶ 2 (All facts here are supplied by Plaintiff. Defendant has not filed an Answer with the Court or provided any
facts outside of its Motion to Dismiss).
9
  Id. ¶ 3.

                                                          2
     B. QUALITY’S TERMINATION OF MR. PATTON

         Mr. Patton has diabetes and wears an insulin pump.10 Mr. Patton had previously

experienced a diabetic attack while at work, “[o]ne or two years prior” to his termination date.11

While responding to this first incident, David Laird, Jr., the owner of Quality, was informed by

Mr. Patton’s husband Robyn Jones that Mr. Patton was a diabetic and Mr. Laird, Jr. should

“either call an ambulance or get sugar into Mr. Patton immediately.”12

         After that incident, Mr. Patton’s medication was stored in Quality’s refrigerator in case

he suffered another attack.13 In addition, Mr. Patton “usually carried orange juice with him at all

times while at work in case of such an emergency.”14 Mr. Patton claims that Mr. Laird, Jr. was

aware that he kept his medication in the refrigerator and carried orange juice.15

         On March 25, 2022, Mr. Patton and David Laird, Sr., Mr. Laird’s father, were working

off-site at M-Cubed Technologies (“M-Cubed”).16 M-Cubed is a company in Newark, Delaware

for which Quality was a sub-contractor.17 Mr. Patton had worked at M-Cubed’s facility for one

month in 2021.18 Mr. Patton had also been to the site approximately twenty times in 2022 prior

to March 25, 2022.19

         Mr. Patton claims he was “not allowed” to take his orange juice or other food or drink to

M-Cubed.20 Mr. Patton also alleges that his medication “was not transported with him.”21 Mr.

10
   Id. ¶¶ 9, 11.
11
   Id. ¶ 9.
12
   Id.
13
   Id. ¶ 12.
14
   Id. ¶ 13.
15
   Id. ¶; Resp. ¶ 1.
16
   Compl. ¶ 14, 16.
17
   Id.
18
   Id. ¶ 15.
19
   Id.
20
   Id. ¶ 17, 19; see also Resp. ¶ 1 (“On March 25, 2022, Defendant sent Patton to work off-site without his
medication or any food or drink.”).
21
   Compl. ¶ 19.

                                                          3
Patton says he suffered a diabetic attack on March 25, 2022 during which he “became

incoherent” and has limited memory.22 Mr. Patton does recall sitting outside at M-Cubed

following the incident.23 Mr. Laird, Jr. was also present. 24 Mr. Patton states that “[n]either

Laird Sr. or Laird Jr. attempted to provide Mr. Patton with sugar.”25

         After this, Mr. Patton claims that “Laird Jr. called Jones, requesting Jones pick up Mr.

Patton [at] M-Cubed and informing Jones that Mr. Patton was fired.”26 Later that day, Mr.

Patton says that he overheard the following conversation between Mr. Jones and Mr. Laird:

         JONES:              I don’t know, Dave. He’s been here for five years, man. You’ve
                             known he’s had diabetes. It’s not a real reason to fire him.

         LAIRD, JR.: Well . . . he’s not going to get hurt on my dime like this, man. I’ve
                     had a talk with him. Where’s his insulin and stuff?

         JONES:              It’s on him. He’s got a pump right here.

         LAIRD, JR.: Well, I mean . . . why is it not working?

         JONES:              It does work. . . . He’s gotta have orange juice readily available. He
                             said his problem was . . . he didn’t have access to his orange juice. .
                             ..

         LAIRD, JR.: . . . Ok, I can’t babysit him all day.27

         As a result of his termination, Mr. Patton filed a pro se Charge of Discrimination

(“Charge”) with the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) in

October 2022.28 The EEOC subsequently “transferred the handling” of Mr. Patton’s Charge to

the Delaware Department of Labor Office of Anti-Discrimination (“OAD”).29 Mr. Patton was

22
   Resp. ¶ 1; Compl. ¶ 21.
23
   Compl. ¶¶ 21-23.
24
   Id.
25
   Id.
26
   Id. ¶ 24.
27
   Id. ¶ 26.
28
   Id. ¶ 5.
29
   Id. ¶ 6.

                                                       4
issued Right to Sue Letters from the OAD and the EEOC on June 6, 2023 and July 12, 2023,

respectively.30

         Mr. Patton was required to file suit within ninety days of the issuance of the Letters, and

timely filed his Complaint with this Court on August 31, 2023.31

                                    III.     PARTIES’ CONTENTIONS

     A. DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS

         Quality seeks to dismiss the Complaint pursuant to Civil Rule 12(b)(6). Quality argues

that Mr. Patton’s charges of disparate treatment and failure to accommodate in violation of the

DPDEPA should be dismissed because Mr. Patton has failed to state a claim for which relief can

be granted in three respects.

         First, Quality claims that Mr. Patton has failed to plead a demonstrable disability as

contemplated by the statute because his diabetes does not qualify as such a disability.32 Next,

Quality maintains that, even if Mr. Patton’s diabetes was a qualifying disability under the

DPDEPA, Mr. Patton has nevertheless failed to sufficiently plead disparate treatment by

Quality.33 Finally, Quality contends that Mr. Patton has failed to plead failure to accommodate

because his Complaint states only a “conclusory allegation” that he requested accommodations

from Quality, and that this is insufficient to support the claim.34

30
   Id. ¶¶ 7, 8.
31
   Id. See also, e.g. Paitsel v. State, 2016 WL 1424828 at *4 (Del. Super. Apr. 7, 2016) (“A charging party may file a
civil action for discrimination in the Superior Court only after exhausting all administrative remedies and receiving a
Delaware or Federal Right to Sue Notice.”).
32
   Mot. ¶ 2.
33
   Id. ¶ 4.
34
   Id. ¶¶ 5-6.

                                                          5
     B. PLAINTIFF’S RESPONSE

        Mr. Patton responds that Quality’s Motion to Dismiss should be denied because: (i) he

has sufficiently pled that his diabetes qualifies as a disability for purposes of the DPDEPA;35 (ii)

he has established a prima facie case of disparate treatment sufficient to survive a motion to

dismiss;36 and (iii) he has pled facts to show that Quality was on notice of his need for an

accommodation.37 Mr. Patton asserts that this is sufficient for the claims in the Complaint to

proceed.

                                   IV.     STANDARD OF REVIEW

        Upon a motion to dismiss, the Court (i) accepts all well-pleaded factual allegations as

true, (ii) accepts even vague allegations as well-pleaded if they give the opposing party notice of

the claim, (iii) draws all reasonable inferences in favor of the non-moving party, and (iv) only

dismisses a case where the plaintiff would not be entitled to recover under any reasonably

conceivable set of circumstances.38 However, the court must “ignore conclusory allegations that

lack specific supporting factual allegations.”39

                                           V.      DISCUSSION

        Delaware courts analyze discrimination claims under the McDonnel Douglas burden-

shifting framework.40 First, the employee must make a prima facie case of discrimination by a

preponderance of the evidence.41 If the employee is successful, the burden then shifts to the

employer to show “legitimate non-discriminatory” reasons for its actions.42 If the employer

35
   Resp. ¶ 3.
36
   Resp. ¶ 5.
37
   Resp. ¶ 6.
38
   See Central Mortg. Co. v. Morgan Stanley Mortg. Capital Holdings LLC, 227 A.3d 531, 536 (Del. 2011); Doe v.
Cedars Academy, No. 09C-09-136, 2010 WL 5825343, at *3 (Del. Super. Oct. 27, 2010).
39
   Ramunno v. Crawley, 705 A.2d 1029, 1034 (Del. 1998).
40
   McGlothlin v. Petrunich Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 2020 WL 2783811, at *3 (Del. Super. July 15, 2022).
41
   Id.
42
   Id. (quoting Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 142 (2000)).

                                                       6
meets that burden, the burden shifts back to the employee to show that the reasons offered by the

employer are merely pretextual.43

        On a motion to dismiss, “a claim of employment discrimination necessarily survives . . .

so long as the requisite prima facie elements have been established. That is so because ‘it may

be difficult’ for a plaintiff to prove discrimination ‘[b]efore discovery has unearthed relevant

facts and evidence.’”44 In other words, “an employment discrimination pleading does not have

to meet the prima facie standard used to evaluate employment discrimination [and therefore the]

‘plausible’ standard applies to the evaluation of a Motion to Dismiss in an employment

discrimination case.”45

        Therefore, Mr. Patton’s Complaint must “plead[] factual content that allows the court to

draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged…” to defeat

Quality’s Motion.46 The Court finds that the Complaint properly pleads factual content to satisfy

the required pleading standards at this stage in the proceedings.

     A. PLAINTIFF HAS SUFFICIENTLY PLED A DISPARATE TREATMENT CLAIM

        To state a claim for disparate treatment under the Americans with Disabilities Act

(“ADA”), and therefore the DPDEPA,47 “an individual must show that: ‘(1) he is a disabled

person within the meaning of the ADA; (2) he is otherwise qualified to perform the essential

43
   Id.
44
   Castleberry v. STI Group, 863 F.3d 259, 266 (3d Cir. 2017) (quoting Swierkiewicz v. Sorema, 534 U.S. 506, 512,
(2002)).
45
   Apau v. Printpack Inc., 722 F. Supp. 2d 489, 492 (D. Del. 2010) (emphasis added).
46
   Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 663 (2009).
47
   Because the DPDEPA “mirrors” the ADA, federal case law may provide guidance to state law claims. See
Tolliver v. Delmarva Found. for Med. Care, 2020 WL 4335521, at *3 (D. Del. July 28, 2020) (“Delaware’s
employment discrimination laws are substantially the same as their federal counterparts, and it is appropriate to
apply federal case law to discrimination claims raised under the . . . DPDEPA.”).

                                                        7
functions of the job, with or without reasonable accommodations by the employer; and (3) he has

suffered an otherwise adverse employment decision as a result of discrimination.’”48

       i.    Plaintiff has sufficiently pled that he is disabled.

         In language nearly identical to that of the ADA, the DPDEPA defines “Person with a

disability” as:

         [A]ny person who satisfies any 1 of the following:

         a. Has a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits 1 or more major life
            activities.
         b. Has a record of such impairment.
         c. Is regarded as having such an impairment.49

         “Whether an individual is substantially limited in performing a major life activity is a

question of fact.”50 The Court does not decide contested questions of fact on a motion to

dismiss, but instead draws all reasonable inferences in favor of the non-moving party.51 Here,

the Court finds that Mr. Patton has sufficiently pled facts supporting the inference that he is a

“person with a disability” under the DPDEPA.

         First, Mr. Patton maintains that diabetes qualifies as a disability under the relevant

statutory provisions.52 Mr. Patton notes that Quality’s reliance on Schultz v. Potter to argue

otherwise is “misplaced” because that 2005 decision predated the Americans with Disabilities

Act Amendments Act of 2008 (“ADAAA”).53 Among the changes under the ADAAA, the

endocrine function was identified as a “major bodily function” and therefore part of “major life

48
   Shaner v. Synthes, 204 F.3d 494, 500 (3d Cir. 2000).
49
   19 Del. C. § 722 (4).
50
   Stokes v. Ctr., 2016 WL 3344375, at *4 (D. Del. June 13, 2016).
51
   See, e.g., Doe 30's Mother v. Bradley, 58 A.3d 429, 445 (Del. Super. 2012) (“While it is true that the Court need
not accept conclusory assertions as true when deciding a motion to dismiss, the Court will not adjudicate contested
issues of fact on a motion to dismiss, nor will it deem a pleading inadequate under Rule 12(b)(6) simply because a
defendant presents facts that appear to contradict those plead by the plaintiff.”).
52
   Resp. ¶ 2.
53
   Id. ¶ 4 (see Schultz v. Potter, 142 Fed.Appx. 598 (3d Cir. 2005)).

                                                          8
activities.”54 A 2021 provision added to the DPDEPA “put[s] the DPDEPA in line”55 with the

ADAAA, and further defines “major life activities” as:

        [A]lso including the operation of a major bodily function, including functions of the
        immune system, normal cell growth, digestive, bowel, bladder, neurological brain,
        respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive functions.56

        Mr. Patton relies on Cloutier v. GoJet Airlines, LLC as “a subsequent case evaluating

whether diabetes, which affects the endocrine system, was a disability under the [ADA] as

amended.”57 Mr. Patton points out that the court in that case “noted ‘[a] number of courts have

observed that, under the ADAAA and its implementing regulations, diabetes will generally

qualify as a disability for purposes of the [ADA].’”58

        Quality does not argue that Mr. Patton does not have diabetes, but rather that diabetes

does not qualify as a disability for purposes of state and/or federal law.59 Quality states that an

impairment that “can be corrected by medication or other measures . . . does not rise to the level

of “substantially limit[ing] a major life activity.”60 Quality cites Sutton v. United Airlines, a

1999 decision that stated no disability could exist where it ‘might,’ ‘could,’ or ‘would’ be

substantially limiting if mitigating measures were not taken.”61

        However, through the ADAAA, “Congress amended the ADA to clarify and broaden the

scope of prong three—the ‘regarded as’ provision—and explicitly rejected the Supreme Court's

interpretation in Sutton.”62 Instead, the Third Circuit has held that the current test “is whether the

54
   Id. ¶ 3 (The relevant provision of the ADAAA is codified at 42 U.S.C. § 12102(2)(B)).
55
   Id. (quoting 19 Del. C. 722(4)(c)(1)).
56
   19 Del. C. § 722(4)(c)(1).
57
   Resp. ¶ 3 (citing Cloutier v. GoJet Airlines, LLC, 311 F. Supp. 3d 928, 937 (N.D. Ill. 2018)).
58
   Id.
59
   Mot. ¶ 5. See also Compl. ¶¶ 10-11 (“In its Position Statement with the OAD, Quality acknowledged it was aware
of Mr. Patton’s diabetes diagnosis . . . .” and that Mr. Patton wore an insulin pump.).
60
   Id.
61
   Id. (see Sutton v. United Airlines, 527 U.S. 471, 482-83 (1999).
62
   Bardell v. Banyan Delaware, LLC, 2023 WL 6810092, at *3 (D. Del. Oct. 16, 2023). Prong three of the DPDEPA
is 19 Del. C. § 722(4)(c).

                                                       9
employer ‘perceived’ [the employee] as impaired, ‘whether or not the [perceived] impairment

limits or is perceived to limit a major life activity.’”63

         Mr. Patton has presented facts that he has diabetes, and that diabetes may be considered a

disability under current interpretations of the ADA and related statutes. The Court finds,

therefore, that Mr. Patton has pled facts sufficient to survive a motion to dismiss as to whether he

is a person with a disability under the ADA and DPDEPA.

         Mr. Patton additionally—and persuasively—argues that his Complaint is sufficient to

survive a motion to dismiss even without the statutory changes to the ADA and DPDEPA.64 Mr.

Patton asserts that a Complaint “must only ‘put the opposing party on notice of the claim brought

against it . . . .’” in order to withstand a motion to dismiss.65 Here, Mr. Patton states that Quality

“knows Patton asserts diabetes as his disability; the Complaint is sufficient under Delaware

procedure even without the amendments to the DPDEPA.”66

      ii.    Plaintiff has sufficiently pled that he was otherwise qualified to perform the
             essential functions of the job.

         Mr. Patton states in his Complaint that “[d]espite his disability, Mr. Patton was qualified

for his job. With the accommodations provided to him (i.e., his medication in Quality’s

refrigerator and his carrying of food and beverage with him), Mr. Patton was able to perform the

functions of his job at Quality.”67 Mr. Patton was employed at Quality from 2017 to March,

63
   Id. at *4 (D. Del. Oct. 16, 2023) (quoting Gibbs v. City of Pittsburgh, 989 F.3d 226, 229 (3d Cir. 2021) (quoting 42
U.S.C. § 12102(3)(A))). See also 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2 (“The primary object of attention in cases brought under the
ADA should be whether covered entities have complied with their obligations and whether discrimination has
occurred, not whether an individual's impairment substantially limits a major life activity. Accordingly, the threshold
issue of whether an impairment “substantially limits” a major life activity should not demand extensive analysis.”).
64
   Resp. ¶ 4.
65
   Id . (quoting Martinez v. E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Co., 2012 A.3d 1, 14-15 (Del. Super. Dec. 5, 2012) (citing
Doe v. Cahill, 884 A.2d 451, 458 (Del. 2005)).
66
   Id.
67
   Compl. ¶ 31.

                                                          10
2022. This extended period of employment alone suggests that Mr. Patton was qualified for

purposes of stating a claim sufficient to withstand a motion to dismiss.68

      iii.    Plaintiff has sufficiently pled that he suffered an otherwise adverse employment
              decision as a result of discrimination.

         Under the ADA, “[a]n adverse employment action is one which alters the employee's

compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, deprives him or her of

employment opportunities, or adversely affects his or her status as an employee.”69 Mr. Patton

has pled that he was terminated and that this constitutes an adverse employment action.70 The

Court agrees and finds that Mr. Patton has pled facts sufficient to infer that his termination was a

result of discrimination.

         Mr. Patton claims that his termination was due to his diabetes. Quality asserts that Mr.

Patton supports this claim “solely [with] a conversation he recalled overhearing between his

husband and David Laird” and that this is “insufficient under the law.”71 Quality allows that Mr.

Patton “need not provide evidentiary support for each element of his disparate treatment claim at

this early juncture,” but argues that “he still must aver something ‘more than [a] naked assertion’

that his termination was due to his medical condition . . . .”72

         Applying the applicable legal standard, the Court finds that Mr. Patton has sufficiently

pled facts to support the inference that his termination was due to his diabetes. Even if the

conversation alleged to have occurred between Mr. Laird and Mr. Jones did not occur, or could

ultimately not be proven to have occurred, Mr. Patton has also presented facts that he was

68
   See, e.g., Taylor v. Phoenixville School Dist., 184 F.3d 296, 311 (3d Cir. 1999) (“Because Taylor held her position
as secretary to the principal for many years . . . there is no serious dispute that she satisfies the prerequisites for the
position.”).
69
   Speer v. Norfolk Southern Ry. Corp., 121 Fed. Appx. 475 (3d Cir. 2005).
70
   Compl. ¶ 24.
71
   Mot. ¶ 8.
72
   Id. (quoting Blades v. Mosaic of Delaware, 2017 WL 3868238, at *6 (D. Del. Aug. 31, 2017)).

                                                            11
terminated directly following a diabetic attack after having worked for Quality for over four

years. This alone is “factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that

the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.”73

         Therefore, having sufficiently pled all elements, Mr. Patton has stated a claim for

disparate treatment.

     B. PLAINTIFF HAS SUFFICIENTLY PLED FAILURE TO ACCOMMODATE

         Under the ADA, an employee bringing a failure to accommodate claim must show: “(1)

he was disabled, and his employer knew it; (2) he requested an accommodation or assistance; (3)

his employer did not make a good faith effort to assist; and (4) he could have been reasonably

accommodated.”74 The Court finds that Mr. Patton has sufficiently pled facts in support of each

of these elements.

       i.    Plaintiff Has Sufficiently Pled He Was Disabled and Quality Knew It.

         Mr. Patton’s Complaint states facts to show that Quality was aware he has diabetes, and

that the basis of his claim is that he was wrongfully terminated because he has diabetes. Quality

disputes whether diabetes qualifies as a disability; however, that is not material at this stage of

the proceedings. The Complaint is sufficient to “put the opposing party on notice” as required to

state a claim and survive a motion to dismiss.75

73
   Ashcroft, 556 U.S. at 663.
74
   Rodriguez v. Cap. Vision Servs., 2023 WL 2018904, at *13 (D. Del. Feb. 15, 2023) (citing Capps v. Mondelez
Global, LLC, 847 F.3d 144, 157 (3d Cir. 2017). Failure to accommodate claims under the ADA may also be
subsumed into claims of disparate treatment, as the failure may constitute discrimination under the third prong of
that test. See, e.g., Twillie v. Erie School District, 575 Fed.Appx. 28, 33 (3d Cir. 2014) (“[d]iscrimination under the
ADA . . . includes failing to make reasonable accommodations for a plaintiff's disabilities.”) (quoting Taylor, 184
F.3d at 306).
75
   Martinez, 2012 A.3d at 14-15.

                                                          12
         Quality does not argue that it was unaware of Mr. Patton’s diabetes. In fact, Quality

states that Mr. Patton’s Complaint “establish[es] that Defendant, through Laird, was aware of the

Plaintiff’s medical condition and the steps he took to manage that condition while on the job.”76

         The Court has already found that Mr. Patton has sufficiently pled he is a person with a

disability due to his “medical condition.” Quality here admits it was aware of that condition.

This is sufficient to plead the first prong of Mr. Patton’s failure to accommodate claim.

      ii.     Plaintiff has sufficiently pled he requested an accommodation or assistance.

         Quality argues that it “is not required to speculate as to the nature the Plaintiff’s desire for

an accommodation, merely by virtue of being aware of the Plaintiff’s medical condition.”77

Quality further asserts that any duty it may have had would not have been triggered “until it was

placed on notice” by Mr. Patton that an accommodation was necessary.78

         Quality states the proper standard for evaluating this prong fully.79 However, at the

pleading stage, Mr. Patton has nevertheless alleged specific facts which, taken as true, support

the reasonable inference that Quality was on notice that he needed assistance.80

         Mr. Patton argues that Quality was on notice even if he “did not ask for a specific

accommodation,” because Quality knew he needed “some sort of an accommodation.”81 Mr.

76
   Mot. ¶ 10 (emphasis added).
77
   Id. ¶ 11 (citing Conneen v. MBNA Am. Bank, N.A., 182 F. Supp. 2d 370, 377 (D. Del. 2002), aff'd, 334 F.3d 318
(3d Cir. 2003).
78
   Id.
79
   See, e.g., Herman v. Kvaerner of Phila. Shipyard, Inc., 461 F. Supp. 2d 332, 337 (E.D. Pa. 2006) (internal citations
and quotations omitted):
          The touchstone of the law of reasonable accommodations in the Third Circuit is the requirement that an
          employee initiate and engage in an interactive process with the employer regarding the employee's need for
          an accommodation. Although the employee bears the burden of informing the employer as to his or her
          disability and initiating the interactive process, the employer must participate in the process in good faith.
          The employee need not request a specific accommodation in order to meet his or her burden.
80
   See, e.g., Twillie, 575 F. App'x at 32 (dismissing a complaint which “did not allege any specific acts or conduct . . .
which suggest that the Defendants failed to reasonably accommodate [plaintiff’s] disability.”).
81
   Resp. ¶ 6 (citing Herman, 461 F. Supp. 2d at 338) (District Court denied the employer’s motion for summary
judgment where employer was aware of diabetic employee’s condition and need to eat and take medication at certain
times).

                                                           13
Patton alleges that Quality “knew Patton had a previous diabetic attack at work, kept medication

at work, and kept orange juice on himself at all times. Defendant allowed Patton to keep some of

these things at its shop. Defendant was thus on notice such an accommodation was needed when

Patton was sent off-site.”82 The Court agrees that these facts, as pled, reasonably infer that

Quality was on notice of Mr. Patton’s need for an accommodation.

     iii.    Plaintiff has sufficiently pled Quality did not make a good faith effort to assist.

         Mr. Patton claims that his medication “was not transported with him to the off-site

facility at which he suffered his diabetic attack, nor was he “allowed to take any food or drink

with him” into the facility.83 He also alleges that neither Mr. Laird, Jr. nor his father “attempted

to provide” him with sugar after the attack.84

         Quality does not refute these claims and instead rests it argument on the contention that,

without notice of Mr. Patton’s need for an accommodation, its duty to provide such an

accommodation was not triggered.85 Again, Quality is correct that a full analysis of Mr. Patton’s

claim would require more.

         The circumstances under which the employer’s duty is triggered are explained under

EEOC guidelines:

         Once a qualified individual with a disability has requested provision of a reasonable
         accommodation, the employer must make a reasonable effort to determine the
         appropriate accommodation. The appropriate reasonable accommodation is best
         determined through a flexible, interactive process that involves both the employer
         and the [employee] with a disability.86

82
   Id.
83
   Compl. ¶ 17.
84
   Id. ¶ 23.
85
   See Mot. ¶¶ 9-11.
86
   Jones v. United Parcel Serv., 214 F.3d 402, 407 (3d Cir. 2000) (quoting 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630, App. § 1630.9).

                                                         14
         The Court notes, however, that this analysis is premature on a motion to dismiss. The

Court has already found that Mr. Patton has sufficiently pled that Quality was on notice of his

need for assistance. Having done so, the Court finds that Mr. Patton has also pled facts sufficient

to support a reasonable inference that Quality did not make a good faith effort to provide him

with that assistance. Viewed in the light most favorable to Mr. Patton and taken as true, an

employer’s prohibition of an employee’s access to medication or food under these circumstances

does not demonstrate “a flexible, interactive process” or good faith.

      iv.    Plaintiff has sufficiently pled that Quality could have provided reasonably
             accommodations.

         Under the ADA, “reasonable accommodations” are defined as “modifications or

adjustments to the work environment, or to the manner . . . under which the position held . . . is

customarily performed, that enable a qualified individual with a disability to perform the

essential functions of that position.”87 An employer is required to make such accommodations

“unless the [employer] can demonstrate that the accommodations would impose an undue

hardship on the operation of the business of the [employer].”88 The “undue hardship inquiry

focuses on the hardships imposed . . . in the context of the particular [employer’s] operations.”89

         As pled, Mr. Patton has stated facts to support an inference that he could have been

reasonably accommodated by Quality. Indeed, while Mr. Patton worked on-site at Quality,

Quality accommodated Mr. Patton because he had access to his medication and orange juice.

Even if Quality could argue that accommodating Mr. Patton presented an “undue hardship,” such

a fact-specific determination is not properly resolved on a motion to dismiss.

87
   29 C.R.F. 1630.2 (o)(1)(ii).
88
   42 U.S.C. § 12112(b)(5)(A).
89
   US Airways, Inc. v. Barnett, 535 U.S. 391, 402, (2002).

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      Therefore, having sufficiently pled all elements, Mr. Patton has stated a claim for failure

to accommodate.

                                   VI.     CONCLUSION

      For the reasons set forth above, the Court DENIES the Motion.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

December 19, 2023
Wilmington, Delaware

                                                    /s/ Eric M. Davis
                                                    Eric M. Davis, Judge

cc:   File&ServeExpress

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