Court Opinion

ID: 3021328
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Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:24:34.143074+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:14:39.875369
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Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

6-1-2006

USA v. Jackson-El
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 05-4570

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Recommended Citation
"USA v. Jackson-El" (2006). 2006 Decisions. Paper 974.
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BPS-229                                                      NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                               ________________

                                     No. 05-4570
                                  ________________

                           UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                           v.

                        WILLIAM GREGORY JACKSON-EL,
                                            Appellant

                                  ________________

                    On Appeal From the United States District Court
                       For the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                              (D.C. Crim. No. 93-cr-281-4)
                    District Judge: Honorable Mary A. McLaughlin
                                  ________________

 Submitted For Possible Dismissal Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) or Summary Action
                    Under Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
                                    May 18, 2006

            Before: RENDELL, AMBRO and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges

                                  (Filed: June 1, 2006)
                                   ________________

                                      OPINION
                                  ________________

PER CURIAM

      William Jackson was convicted by a jury in the United States District Court for the

Eastern District of Pennsylvania of bank robbery and related crimes. In April 1994, he
was sentenced to a term of 198 months imprisonment to be followed by five years of

supervised release. The sentencing court also imposed an order of restitution in the

amount of $12,320. The judgment and commitment order set no formal schedule for the

amount or timing of payments. Instead, the court specified that the “monetary penalties”

were due “in full immediately” and payable during the period of incarceration.

       From October 2004 to February 2005, while incarcerated at USP Terre Haute,

Jackson made monthly $35 restitution payments pursuant to an agreement he made with

the Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) under the Inmate Financial Responsibility Program

(“IFRP”). The IFRP encourages inmates to develop a plan to meet various financial

obligations, including orders of restitution. See 28 C.F.R. §§ 545.10-545.11. Non-

participation in the program can lead to the loss of some privileges, including, inter alia,

limitations on inmate pay, work and housing restrictions, and eligibility for community-

based programs. See § 545.11(d).

       In March 2005, Jackson filed a motion for modification of his order of restitution

in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. He claimed

that he lacked sufficient funds to make further monthly restitution payments and asked

the district court to set a restitution payment schedule. Jackson also noted that the

sentencing court’s failure set such a schedule ultimately rendered him ineligible for the

IFRP and, in turn, subjected him to various “sanctions.”

       The District Court denied the motion, concluding that the sentencing court is under

no obligation to set a schedule for restitution payments. It further determined that

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because the IFRP is a voluntary program, Jackson could restore his privileges by re-

enrolling. Jackson appealed.

         A request that the District Court “set a schedule of payment and the amount to be

paid during [his] period of incarceration” is properly brought pursuant to 18 U.S.C.

§ 3664(k). That statute provides that, upon notice “of any material change in the

defendant’s economic circumstances that might affect the defendant’s ability to pay

restitution,” the District Court may “adjust the payment schedule, or require immediate

payment in full, as the interests of justice require.” 18 U.S.C. § 3664(k). Before

adjusting a defendant’s restitution payment schedule, the District Court must receive

certification from the Attorney General that those owed restitution have been informed of

the defendant’s changed circumstances. United States v. Grant, 235 F.3d 95, 100 (2d Cir.

2000).

         We conclude that the District Court could not grant Jackson’s request under

§ 3664(k). Jackson does not allege a material change in his economic circumstances, nor

has he followed the procedural requirements for obtaining an adjustment in his restitution

payment schedule. Nothing in the record suggests that the District Court received

certification from the Attorney General of any changed circumstances. In short, the

District Court correctly denied Jackson’s request to set a payment schedule.

         Jackson also relied on 18 U.S.C. § 3664(f)(2) in asking the District Court to set a

restitution payment schedule. In United States v. Coates, 178 F.3d 681 (3d Cir. 1999), we

examined § 3664(f)(2), which requires the sentencing court, after ordering full restitution,

                                               3
to “specify in the restitution order the manner in which, and the schedule according to

which, the restitution is to be paid.” Coates, 178 F.3d at 683 (quoting 18 U.S.C.

§ 3664(f)(2)). In Coates, we held that the fixing of restitution payments is an exclusively

judicial act and that a sentencing court commits plain error where it does not comply with

the specification requirements of § 3664(f)(2). Coates, 178 F.3d at 685.

       We are convinced that § 3664(k) does not provide an avenue for raising a

challenge under Coates. As described previously, § 3664(k) provides a procedural device

by which a defendant can petition the District Court to adjust his restitution payment

schedule based on a change in economic circumstances. Section 3664(k), however, does

not provide a vehicle by which a defendant can challenge the validity of the restitution

order itself. Thus, Jackson may not raise in his § 3664(k) motion a contention that the

sentencing court impermissibly delegated to the BOP the duty to set a schedule for his

payments.

       Even assuming, arguendo, that § 3664(k) could be used by Jackson to allege that

the sentencing court impermissibly delegated its judicial authority, we would reject the

claim. The sentencing court did not delegate the scheduling of Jackson’s restitution

payments to the BOP. Rather, it simply exercised its authority to direct that “monetary

penalties,” including the restitution payment of $12,320, be paid “in full immediately.”

See 18 U.S.C. § 3572(d)(1). Ordering immediate payment is not an impermissible

delegation because “such directives generally are interpreted to require not immediate

payment in full but payment to the extent that the defendant can make it in good faith,

                                             4
beginning immediately.” See McGhee v. Clark, 166 F.3d 884, 886 (7th Cir. 1998)

(finding no conflict between a restitution order directing immediate payment and the BOP

initiating an IFRP payment plan). Jackson’s alleged inability to make the $35 monthly

payments under the IFRP agreement does not require that the District Court establish a

payment schedule.

       In sum, this appeal presents “no substantial question,” see 3rd Cir. LAR 27.4 and

I.O.P. 10.6, and thus we will summarily affirm the District Court’s order.

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