Court Opinion

ID: 4363993
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-02-01 19:01:13.807519+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:39:26.787408
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                             JAN 29 2019
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                        SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK
                                                                           U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
                                                                           OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT

             UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
                       OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT

In re:                                               BAP No. CC-18-1144-KuTaF
                                                             CC-18-1160-KuTaF
ELAINE MARIE ROACH,                                            (related)

             Debtor.                                 Bk. No. 8:17-bk-12091-TA
ELAINE MARIE ROACH,
             Appellant,

v.                                                    MEMORANDUM*

RICHARD A. MARSHACK, Chapter 7
Trustee,
            Appellee.

                    Argued and Submitted on January 24, 2019
                            at Pasadena, California

                               Filed – January 29, 2019

                 Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
                      for the Central District of California

             Honorable Theodor C. Albert, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding

         *
        This disposition is not appropriate for publication. Although it may be cited for
whatever persuasive value it may have, see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1, it has no precedential
value, see 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1.
Appearances:        William Miles Burd of Ringstad & Sanders LLP argued
                    for appellant Elaine Marie Roach; David Edward Hays of
                    Marshack Hays LLP argued for appellee Richard A.
                    Marshack, Chapter 7 Trustee.

Before: KURTZ, TAYLOR, and FARIS, Bankruptcy Judges.

      Chapter 71 debtor, Elaine Marie Roach, appeals from the bankruptcy

court's orders approving the motions filed by the chapter 7 trustee, Richard

A. Marshack (Trustee) to: (1) sell Ms. Roach's property (Property) free and

clear of liens (Sale Order) (BAP No. 18-1144) and (2) distribute the sale

proceeds with payment in full to the first and second lien holders with the

remaining proceeds split evenly between the estate and Mutual of Omaha

Bank (Omaha Bank) pursuant to a court-approved compromise

(Distribution Order) (BAP No. 18-1160). We AFFIRM both orders on

appeal.

                                       FACTS

A.    Prebankruptcy Events

      Ms. Roach was the president and owner of Sesa, Inc. (Sesa), a

California corporation. In 2012, Sesa borrowed $937,000 from Omaha Bank.

Ms. Roach signed a guaranty of Sesa's obligation which was secured by a

      1
       Unless specified otherwise, all chapter and section references are to the
Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532, and “Rule” references are to the Federal Rules
of Bankruptcy Procedure.

                                          2
third deed of trust against her Property. Sesa defaulted on the loan in

November 2016 and soon after closed its doors.

B.    Bankruptcy Events

      In May 2017, Ms. Roach filed a chapter 7 petition. Mr. Marshack was

appointed chapter 7 trustee.

      In amended schedules, Ms. Roach valued her Property at $1.2 million

and listed four secured creditors who held liens against the Property in the

total amount of $1,550,095.89: (1) Citimortgage, Inc. - $426,645.17; (2) Bank

of America - $468,619.61; (3) Omaha Bank - $634,831.11; and (4) Merhab

Robinson, Jackson & Clarkson (Merhab) - $20,000. In amended Schedule C,

Ms. Roach claimed a homestead exemption in the amount of $75,000. The

deadline for objecting to her homestead exemption passed without

objection.

      Ms. Roach did not schedule any litigation claims against Omaha

Bank in either her original schedules or her amended schedules but

testified at the initial meeting of creditors that she may have such claims

against Omaha Bank or its attorney for alleged improper conduct and

threats (Litigation Claims).

      1.     Trustee's Compromise With Omaha Bank

      Trustee filed a motion seeking an order approving a compromise of

the Litigation Claims with Omaha Bank under Rule 9019. The compromise

included the following provisions:

                                       3
     3.1 Subordination of one-half of [Omaha Bank's] Claim:
     Pursuant to § 510(c)(1), [Omaha Bank] agrees to subordinate
     50% of its [Omaha Bank] secured claim to be treated as a
     general unsecured claim. The other half of the secured [Omaha
     Bank] Claim shall retain the same validity, priority, and extent
     that would otherwise exist under California law. Upon a sale of
     the Property, and after all costs of sale have been paid, senior
     liens including the approximate $465,000 owed to Bank of
     America and the approximate $412,000 claim owed to
     Citimortgage will be paid with the balance otherwise owed to
     [Omaha Bank] to be split evenly between Omaha Bank and the
     Estate;

     3.2 The lien securing the subordinated portion of [Omaha
     Bank's] Claim shall be transferred to the Estate. Pursuant to
     § 510(c)(2), the lien securing the subordinated half of the
     [Omaha] Bank's claim would be transferred to the Estate with
     the Estate receiving all associated rights held by [Omaha] Bank
     as to the subordinated half of [Omaha] Bank's claim.

     ...

     3.4 Release of Estate Claim. In consideration of the
     subordination provisions of the Agreement, the Estate releases
     [Omaha Bank], its officers, directors, shareholders,
     representatives, employees, lawyers, including the law firm of
     Mirman, Bubman, & Nahmias, LLP and its attorneys,
     shareholders, officers, directors, and employees, of any liability
     arising out of or related to the alleged Litigation Claim.

     In a footnote, Trustee explained that he did not believe the

subordination provisions set forth in the agreement constituted a "carve-

                                      4
out" subject to the standards set forth in In re KVN Corporation, 514 B.R. 1, 8

(9th Cir. BAP 2014). He asserted, however, that even if considered a carve-

out, those standards were met; i.e.: (1) Trustee fulfilled his basic duties;

(2) there was a benefit to the estate because up to $317,500 would be

distributed; and (3) the terms of the carve-out agreement were fully

disclosed to the bankruptcy court.

      Although Ms. Roach did not file a written opposition to the

compromise, her newly hired counsel appeared at the hearing. New

counsel advised the bankruptcy court that Ms. Roach did not believe she

had any claims against Omaha Bank or its counsel and, therefore, she did

not object to the release of those claims. However, Ms. Roach argued that

approval of a carve-out agreement with Omaha Bank was premature until

there was an actual offer on the Property; only then could the court

determine whether a meaningful distribution to unsecured creditors would

be made.

      In December 2017, the bankruptcy court approved the compromise.

No appeal was taken, and the order became final.

      2.    Trustee's Motion to Sell Real Property and Motion to
            Distribute the Proceeds of the Sale

      Trustee filed a motion to sell the Property for $1.3 million and a

motion to distribute the proceeds of the sale. Trustee proposed to pay the

senior first and second liens in full, current property taxes, a broker's

                                        5
commission, and title and escrow fees. He then proposed to split the

remaining proceeds evenly between Omaha Bank and the bankruptcy

estate based on the court-approved compromise. Trustee explained that the

estate was projected to receive approximately $160,000 from the sale

proceeds, which was sufficient to pay administrative claims capped at

$100,000, priority claims of $31,700 in full, and to make pro rata

distributions to general unsecured creditors. Trustee proposed to reduce

his and his firm's administrative fees such that at least $18,520 or about

15% would be distributed to unsecured creditors.

      Because the sale proceeds would be exhausted by the first three

deeds of trust recorded against the Property, Trustee maintained that there

would be no proceeds available to pay any portion of the fourth deed of

trust held by Merhab or anything to Ms. Roach on account of her

homestead exemption.

      In addition, Trustee argued that Ms. Roach could not claim an

exemption against the projected $160,000 recovered pursuant to the

subordination agreement with Omaha Bank because such a claim would be

prohibited by § 522(g). That statute provides that exemptions in property

recovered by a trustee under § 510(c)(2) may only be claimed where the

recovered property was not voluntarily transferred by the debtor. Here,

Ms. Roach had voluntarily transferred an interest in her Property to Omaha

Bank as security for its loan made to Sesa.

                                       6
      Ms. Roach objected to Trustee's motions on the grounds, among

others, that Trustee was improperly attempting to sell the Property without

paying her on account of her homestead exemption and that the sale failed

to meet the KVN standards for approval of a carve-out agreement.

Ms. Roach further argued that the funds going to the estate as part of the

carve-out were proceeds from the sale of her Property and subject to her

homestead exemption under the holdings in In re Wilson, 492 B.R. 502, 506

(Bankr. C.D. Cal. 2013), and In re Reade, 2014 WL 1329808 (Bankr. C.D. Cal.

2014). Finally, Ms. Roach maintained that Trustee's § 522(g) argument was

"nonsensical" since that section applies to property which was voluntarily

transferred by the debtor and has been recovered by the trustee. Here,

Trustee had recovered nothing.

      The bankruptcy court issued a tentative ruling, granting Trustee's

motions. The court found that In re Wilson and In re Reade were factually

and legally distinguishable from the instant case because in this case there

was an assignment of Omaha Bank's lien to the estate as part of the court-

approved compromise. The court noted that homesteads cannot be used to

trump voluntary liens and there was no reason that should change just

because a lien is assigned to the estate. The court further found that the

previously approved compromise met all the requirements of KVN and

noted that the 15% distribution to unsecured creditors was not de minimus.

Finally, the bankruptcy court agreed with Trustee that Ms. Roach

                                       7
voluntarily liened the Property for far more than its value. Accordingly,

there was no legal or equitable reason for allowing Ms. Roach to receive

proceeds, at the expense of her creditors, that Trustee was able to pry out of

the Property.

      At the hearing on the matter, the court considered whether the

subordination provisions constituted a carve-out agreement or an

assignment of the money portion of Omaha Bank's lien. The court

acknowledged that the agreement between the parties was unclear as to

what portion of Omaha Bank's lien was subordinated, but the court did not

find the agreement fatally vague. When reading all the motions and orders

together, the bankruptcy court found that it was clear there was an

assignment to the bankruptcy estate consisting of one-half of the money

portion of Omaha Bank's lien such that monies owed to Omaha Bank

would be evenly split between Omaha Bank and the estate. In the end, the

court found the assignment of the lien made this case different from the

carve-out cases. The bankruptcy court granted Trustee's motions and

entered orders accordingly. Ms. Roach filed a single notice of appeal from

those orders.

C.    Post-appeal Events

      By order, the Panel required Ms. Roach to file a separate appeal and

pay a separate filing fee for each order so that the appeals would proceed

as separate matters. The appeal of the Distribution Order was assigned

                                      8
BAP No. 18-1160.

       Trustee moved to dismiss the appeal of the Sale Order (BAP No. 18-

1144), arguing that it was moot because escrow had closed, there was no

stay pending appeal, and the buyers qualified as good faith purchasers

under § 363(m). The Panel denied the motion, finding that effective relief

could be granted because the Sale Order granted two types of relief: it

approved a sale and it allocated the proceeds. The Panel found that the

portion of the order concerning the actual sale transaction was moot since

the sale of the Property was made to a good faith purchaser and was not

stayed pending appeal. Paulman v. Gateway Venture Partners III, L.P. (In re

Filtercorp, Inc.) 163 F.3d 570, 576 (9th Cir. 1998). However, the Panel found

that the appeal as to the second relief was not moot because the proceeds

had not been distributed (and even if they had, such proceeds could be

recovered). Accordingly, the Panel denied the motion without prejudice to

reconsideration by the merits panel assigned to this appeal.2

       2
        Generally, a merits panel is not bound by the decisions of a motions panel.
Stagecoach Utils., Inc. v. Cty. of Lyon (In re Stagecoach Utils., Inc.), 86 B.R. 229, 230 (9th Cir.
BAP 1988). We see no reason to reconsider the decision made by the motions panel. The
scope of our review in these related appeals is limited to the bankruptcy court's decision
regarding the distribution of the sale proceeds.

                                                9
                                JURISDICTION

      The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1334

and 157(b)(2)(A) and (N). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158.

                                      ISSUE

      Whether the bankruptcy court erred in concluding that Ms. Roach

was not entitled to claim a homestead exemption in the estate's share of

proceeds received from the sale of her Property due to Omaha Bank's

assignment to the estate one-half of the money portion of its lien.

                          STANDARD OF REVIEW

      We review a bankruptcy court's interpretation of its own order for an

abuse of discretion. Rosales v. Wallace (In re Wallace), 490 B.R. 898, 906 (9th

Cir. BAP 2013) (citing Arenson v. Chicago Mercantile Exch., 520 F.2d 722, 725

(7th Cir.1975)); see also Hallett v. Morgan, 296 F.3d 732, 739–40 (9th Cir. 2002)

(special consideration is given to the trial court's interpretation of its own

orders); Colonial Auto Ctr. v. Tomlin (In re Tomlin), 105 F.3d 933, 941 (4th

Cir.1997) (the bankruptcy judge who has presided over a case from its

inception is in the best position to clarify the court's rulings).

      A bankruptcy court abuses its discretion if it applied the wrong legal

standard or its findings were illogical, implausible or without support in

the record. TrafficSchool.com, Inc. v. Edriver Inc., 653 F.3d 820, 832 (9th Cir.

2011).

                                        10
                                 DISCUSSION

      These appeals are about Ms. Roach's homestead exemption in

proceeds received by the bankruptcy estate after the sale of her Property. In

California, the homestead exemption may exceed home equity on the

petition date. Wilson v. Rigby (In re Wilson), 909 F.3d 306, 310 (9th Cir. 2018).

The allowed amount of the debtor's homestead is determined when the

subject property is sold rather than being fixed as of the date the debtor

files bankruptcy. Robertson v. Alsberg (In re Alsberg), 161 B.R. 680, 684 (9th

Cir. BAP 1993), aff'd 68 F.3d 312 (9th Cir. 1995). In this case, the

disbursement of proceeds is a result of the bankruptcy court's order

approving the compromise between Omaha Bank and Trustee. That order

became a final order after the time for appeal passed. Accordingly, we

cannot address whether the approval of the compromise or the distribution

of proceeds was appropriate or not.

      Further, in ruling on Trustee's motions, the bankruptcy court re-

examined the meaning of the compromise agreement to determine whether

the subordination provisions constituted a carve-out agreement or an

assignment of the money portion of Omaha Bank's lien. The bankruptcy

court found that although the agreement was unclear as to what portion of

Omaha Bank's lien (i.e., the unsecured portion or the secured portion) was

subordinated, the agreement was not fatally vague. The bankruptcy court

concluded that reading all the motions and orders together, it was clear

                                        11
that there was an assignment to the bankruptcy estate consisting of one-

half of the money portion of Omaha Bank's lien such that monies owed to

Omaha Bank would be evenly split between Omaha Bank and the estate.

      "'We owe substantial deference to the bankruptcy court's

interpretation of its own orders and will not overturn that interpretation

unless we are convinced that it amounts to an abuse of discretion.'"

Marciano v. Fahs (In re Marciano), 459 B.R. 27, 35 (9th Cir. BAP 2011)

(quoting Ill. Inv. Trust No. 92 7163 v. Allied Waste Indus., Inc. (In re Resource

Tech. Corp.), 624 F.3d 376, 386 (7th Cir. 2010)). The bankruptcy court was in

the best position to construe the subordination provisions in the

compromise agreement. Considering the record and the plain text of the

compromise, we are not convinced that the bankruptcy court's

interpretation was an abuse of discretion. Because Omaha Bank assigned

the money portion of its lien to the bankruptcy estate, the bankruptcy court

properly determined that under the terms of the compromise, Ms. Roach

was not entitled to claim a homestead exemption in the sale proceeds

attributed to the transferred lien.

                                CONCLUSION

      For these reasons, we AFFIRM both orders on appeal.

                                        12