Court Opinion

ID: 4158100
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-04-05 14:14:46.99165+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:28:21.927830
License: Public Domain

04/05/2017

        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT NASHVILLE
                               February 15, 2017 Session

                ROBERT KIZER v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                 Appeal from the Circuit Court for Houston County
                       No. 4999     Larry J. Wallace, Judge

                            No. M2016-01215-CCA-R3-PC

In 2009, the Petitioner, Robert Kizer, pleaded guilty to sale of cocaine and was sentenced
to twelve years of incarceration, with all but ninety days to be served on Community
Corrections. In 2010, a Community Corrections violation warrant was issued, prompting
the Petitioner to file a motion for post-conviction relief alleging that his sentence was
incorrect and that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel. In 2012, a second
violation warrant was issued, and, in 2013, the trial court revoked the Petitioner’s
Community Corrections sentence and dismissed his post-conviction petition. Later in
2013, the Petitioner filed a second petition for post-conviction relief. The post-conviction
court held a hearing in 2015 following which it denied the petition. On appeal, the
Petitioner claims that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel during his guilty
plea hearing because his attorney lacked “legal authority” to represent him and because
his attorney had a conflict of interest. After review of the record and applicable
authorities, we affirm the post-conviction court’s judgment.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT L.
HOLLOWAY and TIMOTHY L. EASTER, JJ., joined.

James L. Baum, Burns, Tennessee, for the appellant, Robert Kizer.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Jonathan H. Wardle, Assistant
Attorney General; Wendell Ray Crouch, Jr., District Attorney General; and Talmage M.
Woodall, Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                       OPINION
                            I. Facts and Procedural History
       This case arises from two convictions for felony drug charges, for which the
Petitioner received Community Corrections sentences. Thereafter, the trial court issued
probation violation warrants and ultimately revoked the Community Corrections
sentences. The Petitioner filed a petition for post-conviction relief, which the lower court
dismissed as untimely and the Petitioner appealed. This Court provided a summary of
the procedural history of the Petitioner’s cases as follows:

              [The] Petitioner entered into plea agreements on two charges of
       selling cocaine to confidential informants. One charge was based on a sale
       that occurred in Houston County on March 16, 2007. The other charge was
       based on a sale that occurred in Stewart County on April 16, 2008. [The]
       Petitioner appeared before the Stewart County Circuit Court on November
       24, 2009, where he was represented by a public defender and pled guilty to
       both charges. He affirmed that he was aware of his rights and that he had
       entered into his pleas willingly and knowingly. The trial court accepted his
       pleas and sentenced him to six years for each charge, with his sentences to
       run consecutively. [The] Petitioner was ordered to serve the sentences on
       community corrections.

              The trial court issued a probation violation warrant on June 30, 2010,
       and an amended warrant on November 8, 2010, and [the] Petitioner was
       taken into custody. The warrant alleged that [the] Petitioner tested positive
       for marijuana and cocaine, missed scheduled office visits, failed to make
       monthly payments on his court costs and supervision fees, and failed to
       perform community service work. After a hearing, he was found in
       violation of the conditions of his non-incarcerative sentence and was
       reinstated to community corrections with time served.

              On November 23, 2010, [the] Petitioner filed a timely hand-written
       pro se petition for post-conviction relief in the Houston County Circuit
       Court. The post-conviction court subsequently filed an order in which it
       noted that the pro se petition was timely filed, granted a post-conviction
       relief hearing, appointed an attorney to represent the [P]etitioner in the
       post-conviction proceeding, and ordered the attorney to file an amended
       petition that complied with the statutory requirements.

              The amended petition, filed on May 13, 2011, claimed that [the]
       Petitioner was deprived of effective assistance of counsel because the
       public defender who represented him had a conflict of interest and did not
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       make him aware that consecutive meant back-to-back. [The] Petitioner
       stated that he believed that he was only being sentenced to six years total
       for both the Houston County and the Stewart County convictions. He
       further stated that he would not have agreed to the sentence if he had
       effective counsel.

              [The] Petitioner was subsequently served with another probation
       violation warrant for driving on a suspended license, evading arrest and not
       reporting to his probation officer. The trial court, sitting in Stewart County,
       conducted a second revocation hearing on March 25, 2013. The court
       heard testimony about [the] Petitioner’s violations from several law
       enforcement officers. [The] Petitioner called several witnesses including
       his long-time girlfriend, the mother of three of his children.

               At the conclusion of testimony and argument, the court ruled from
       the bench. The court summarized the evidence it had heard and revoked
       the suspension of [the] Petitioner’s sentences. In the course of its ruling,
       the trial court characterized the pending petition for post-conviction relief
       as a house-keeping matter that needed to be addressed. The court
       dismissed the petition summarily because it found that it was not timely
       filed. The probation revocation order which resulted from that hearing does
       not mention the petition for post-conviction relief.

State v. Robert Kizer, No. M2013-01036-CCA-R3-CD, 2014 WL 2884548, at *1-3
(Tenn. Ct. Crim. App, at Nashville, Feb. 12, 2014). This Court reversed the dismissal of
the Petitioner’s petition for post-conviction relief, finding that his petition was timely and
should have been heard by the post-conviction court and remanded the case for a hearing
on the merits. Id.

       On remand, the post-conviction court held a hearing on November 18, 2015,
during which the following evidence was presented: Drew Taylor testified that he was
appointed to represent the Petitioner in 2009 (hereinafter “Counsel”). At some point
during his representation of the Petitioner, Counsel filed a motion to withdraw based
upon a conflict with the Petitioner’s case in Houston County. Counsel explained the
conflict, stating that he had previously represented the confidential informant who would
be testifying in the Petitioner’s Houston County case. Because it appeared to Counsel
that the Petitioner’s Houston County case would be going to trial, necessitating Counsel
cross-examining the confidential informant, Counsel withdrew but remained on the
Petitioner’s Stewart County case. Another attorney was appointed to represent the
Petitioner in the Houston County case. Counsel denied having a conflict of interest in the
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Stewart County case.

       Counsel testified that a plea agreement was developed that encompassed both the
Houston and Stewart County cases, but he could not recall the details of how it was
developed. Because Counsel had initially been appointed to both cases, he had explained
to the Petitioner the facts and potential outcomes, as well as possible sentences. Once it
became clear that the Houston County case would not go to trial and that the Petitioner
would enter a plea in both cases, Counsel felt that he could “stand in” for the Petitioner’s
attorney in the Houston County case. Counsel explained to the Petitioner that he had
withdrawn from the Houston County case because of his conflict of interest but that he
could represent the Petitioner at his guilty plea hearing if the Petitioner wanted to settle
both cases on the same day. Counsel recalled, “to the best of [his] recollection,” that the
Petitioner wanted to go forward and resolve both his Stewart and Houston County cases
on the same day because it might get him released from jail sooner. Counsel reiterated to
the Petitioner that he had a conflict but would represent the Petitioner if he wished.
Counsel testified that he should have made part of the record that the Petitioner was
aware of the conflict and had chosen to go forward with Counsel.

       Counsel agreed that the Petitioner’s guilty plea hearing for the Houston County
case was held in Stewart County. Counsel discussed the plea agreement with the
Petitioner three weeks before the guilty plea was entered and, on the day of the hearing,
Counsel reviewed the plea agreement item by item, including that the Petitioner would be
pleading guilty to offenses in both counties and would be receiving consecutive
sentences. Counsel felt that the Petitioner understood what consecutive sentencing
meant.

       Counsel recalled that, in the Houston County case, the Petitioner’s voice was not
on the recording of the drug transaction, which was why Counsel initially believed the
case would go to trial. Counsel agreed that, in the Houston County case, he was granted
authority by the Petitioner’s attorney of record (hereinafter “Houston County attorney”)
on that case to “stand in” for him at the guilty plea hearing.

        On cross-examination, Counsel reiterated that it was the Petitioner who wanted to
“settle” both cases on the same day. Counsel agreed that the transcript of the guilty plea
hearing showed that the trial court explained to the Petitioner that he would be receiving
consecutive six-year sentences.

       Upon further questioning by the post-conviction court, Counsel testified that he
felt comfortable “standing in” for the Petitioner’s attorney on the Houston County case
because it was clear that the case was ultimately not going to trial. The Petitioner did not
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express any objection and seemed “comfortable” with Counsel representing him.

        On further redirect-examination, Counsel agreed that the Petitioner filed several
disciplinary complaints against him, one of which accused Counsel of colluding with the
trial judge and the State to make sure the Petitioner was convicted.

       The Petitioner testified that he met with Counsel at the Stewart County
courthouse, and Counsel told the Petitioner that he might be able to “work out” the
Petitioner’s cases for him. The Petitioner stated that he was not in court for the Houston
County case. He agreed that he planned to “take the blame” for the Stewart County case
but was innocent of the Houston County charges; however, Counsel told him that if he
did not plead guilty to both offenses he would receive a twenty-year sentence based upon
his prior record. The Petitioner stated that he planned to take his Houston County case to
trial with the Houston County attorney but, when that attorney did not come to his
Stewart County court appearance, the Petitioner felt he was forced to do what Counsel
advised.

       The Petitioner testified that he understood the difference between concurrent and
consecutive sentencing “to a certain extent” but reiterated that he was forced to accept the
plea agreement for consecutive sentencing. The Petitioner stated that he did not
understand that he was pleading guilty to the Houston County offense. Counsel told the
Petitioner that if he did not take the State’s offer of twelve years he would get a twenty-
year sentence. The Petitioner agreed that he signed a plea agreement that encompassed
his Houston County offense, but the Petitioner testified that he told Counsel he “did not
want to do this.” The Petitioner stated that he never gave his permission for Counsel to
“stand in” for his Houston County attorney.

       On cross-examination, the Petitioner agreed that he testified at the guilty plea
hearing that he understood what he was doing and that no one was forcing him to take the
plea. The Petitioner reiterated that he told Counsel he would not plead to the Houston
County offense, and Counsel replied that if he did not, he would receive a twenty-year
sentence. The Petitioner denied that he knew he was accepting a twelve-year sentence
and said that he thought it was “two sixes running together.” He recalled that, during the
guilty plea hearing, he had to leave the courtroom to talk with Counsel because he did not
want to enter the plea.

      The Petitioner was questioned by the post-conviction court and testified that he
“agreed with” the Stewart County conviction. He agreed that he had a prior felony on his
record and several misdemeanors. The post-conviction court asked the Petitioner to
recount how his plea was entered, and the Petitioner recalled that he was standing at the
                                             5
podium with Counsel, and the trial court sent them out of the room for Counsel to explain
to the Petitioner what was happening. The Petitioner stated that he and Counsel were
already “at odds,” and the Petitioner said he told Counsel he would not accept the plea
agreement. The Petitioner said he was not prepared to resolve both cases on the same
day and accept a twelve-year sentence. The Petitioner did not remember telling the trial
court that he understood the sentence and understood that he would be ordered to serve
twelve years if he violated his Community Corrections sentence.

        The post-conviction court issued an order denying the Petitioner relief, finding that
Counsel’s credibility outweighed the Petitioner’s. Further, the post-conviction court
accredited Counsel’s testimony that Counsel fully explained the plea agreement and
resulting sentence to the Petitioner. As to whether the Petitioner received the ineffective
assistance of counsel when advised to enter the plea and whether it was knowing and
voluntary, the post-conviction court found that the Petitioner was competent, understood
the trial court’s questions, and was familiar with the proceedings. It found that Counsel
fully explained the nature and consequences of the plea agreement to the Petitioner and
that the trial court gave the Petitioner every opportunity to back out of the agreement.
The post-conviction court found that there was good reason for the Petitioner to enter the
plea, namely that he received a lesser sentence.

        As to the Petitioner’s conflict of interest argument, the post-conviction court found
that both the Petitioner and his Houston County attorney were agreeable to Counsel
representing the Petitioner at the guilty plea hearing, and that this evidence was not
refuted. The post-conviction court did not accredit the Petitioner’s testimony that he did
not give Counsel permission to “stand in” for his other attorney during the Petitioner’s
guilty plea hearing. The post-conviction court found that the Petitioner had not proven
by clear and convincing evidence that Counsel had been ineffective in this regard. It
further found that there was no proof that Counsel did not exercise his independent
judgment free of competing interests. Lastly, the post-conviction court found that the
situation giving rise to the conflict of interest, that Counsel had represented a potential
witness at trial, did not adversely affect Counsel’s performance or the plea agreement.

       The post-conviction court went on to find that Counsel’s representation was within
the range of reasonable professional assistance of counsel and that Counsel gave the
Petitioner the best representation “every step of the way.” The post-conviction court
concluded that because the Petitioner had failed to establish his ineffective assistance of
counsel claim by clear and convincing evidence, his petition was denied. It is from the
post-conviction court’s judgment that the Petitioner now appeals.

                                        II. Analysis
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       The Petitioner contends on appeal that the post-conviction court erred when it
denied his petition because he received the ineffective assistance of counsel. He contends
that Counsel’s conflict of interest was Counsel’s interest in resolving the Stewart County
case versus the Petitioner’s interest in going to trial in Houston County. He also contends
that Counsel lacked the legal authority to represent the Petitioner because the Houston
County attorney did not have the authority to assign his duties to Counsel without the
Petitioner’s permission. The State responds that Counsel did not have an “actual”
conflict of interest because there was no evidence that Counsel had a personal interest in
the outcome of the Petitioner’s case that clouded his professional judgment. The State
further responds that the Petitioner has not established any deficiency by either attorney
when the Petitioner’s Houston County attorney authorized Counsel to represent the
Petitioner at the guilty plea hearing. The State argues that the Petitioner has not provided
any authority for his argument that Counsel did not have legal authority to represent him.
We agree with the State.

       In order to obtain post-conviction relief, a petitioner must show that his or her
conviction or sentence is void or voidable because of the abridgment of a constitutional
right. T.C.A. § 40-30-103 (2014). The petitioner bears the burden of proving factual
allegations in the petition for post-conviction relief by clear and convincing evidence.
T.C.A. § 40-30-110(f) (2014). The post-conviction court’s findings of fact are conclusive
on appeal unless the evidence preponderates against it. Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450,
456-57 (Tenn. 2001). Upon review, this Court will not re-weigh or re-evaluate the
evidence below; all questions concerning the credibility of witnesses, the weight and
value to be given their testimony and the factual issues raised by the evidence are to be
resolved by the trial judge, not the appellate courts. Momon v. State, 18 S.W.3d 152, 156
(Tenn. 1999); Henley v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 578-79 (Tenn. 1997). A post-conviction
court’s conclusions of law, however, are subject to a purely de novo review by this Court,
with no presumption of correctness. Id. at 457.

       The right of a criminally accused to representation is guaranteed by both the Sixth
Amendment to the United States Constitution and article I, section 9, of the Tennessee
Constitution. State v. White, 114 S.W.3d 469, 475 (Tenn. 2003); State v. Burns, 6
S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999); Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975). The
following two-prong test directs a court’s evaluation of a claim for ineffectiveness:

       First, the [petitioner] must show that counsel’s performance was deficient.
       This requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was
       not functioning as the “counsel” guaranteed the [petitioner] by the Sixth
       Amendment. Second, the [petitioner] must show that the deficient
                                             7
      performance prejudiced the defense. This requires showing that counsel’s
      errors were so serious as to deprive the [petitioner] of a fair trial, a trial
      whose result is reliable. Unless a [petitioner] makes both showings, it
      cannot be said that the conviction or death sentence resulted from a
      breakdown in the adversary process that renders the result unreliable.

Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984); see also State v. Melson, 772
S.W.2d 417, 419 (Tenn. 1989).

       In reviewing a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, this Court must
determine whether the advice given or services rendered by the attorney are within the
range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases. Baxter, 523 S.W.2d at
936. To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, “a petitioner must show
that counsel’s representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness.” House
v. State, 44 S.W.3d 508, 515 (Tenn. 2001) (citing Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 369
(Tenn. 1996)). When evaluating an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the reviewing
court should judge the attorney’s performance within the context of the case as a whole,
taking into account all relevant circumstances. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690; State v.
Mitchell, 753 S.W.2d 148, 149 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1988). The reviewing court should
avoid the “distorting effects of hindsight” and “judge the reasonableness of counsel’s
challenged conduct on the facts of the particular case, viewed as of the time of counsel’s
conduct.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689-90. In doing so, the reviewing court must be
highly deferential and “should indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls
within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance.” Burns, 6 S.W.3d at 462.
Finally, we note that a defendant in a criminal case is not entitled to perfect
representation, only constitutionally adequate representation. Denton v. State, 945
S.W.2d 793, 796 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996). In other words, “in considering claims of
ineffective assistance of counsel, ‘we address not what is prudent or appropriate, but only
what is constitutionally compelled.’” Burger v. Kemp, 483 U.S. 776, 794 (1987) (quoting
United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 665 n.38 (1984)). Counsel should not be deemed
to have been ineffective merely because a different procedure or strategy might have
produced a different result. Williams v. State, 599 S.W.2d 276, 279-80 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1980). “The fact that a particular strategy or tactic failed or hurt the defense, does
not, standing alone, establish unreasonable representation. However, deference to
matters of strategy and tactical choices applies only if the choices are informed ones
based upon adequate preparation.” House, 44 S.W.3d at 515 (quoting Goad, 938 S.W.2d
at 369).

       If the petitioner shows that counsel’s representation fell below a reasonable
standard, then the petitioner must satisfy the prejudice prong of the Strickland test by
                                            8
demonstrating there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional
errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Strickland, 466 U.S. at
694; Nichols v. State, 90 S.W.3d 576, 587 (Tenn. 2002). This reasonable probability
must be “sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at
694; Harris v. State, 875 S.W.2d 662, 665 (Tenn. 1994).

       “[A]n accused is entitled to zealous representation by an attorney unfettered by a
conflicting interest.” State v. Thompson, 768 S.W.2d 239, 245 (Tenn. 1989). To prevail
in an action for post-conviction relief based on a conflict of interest, the petitioner must
show that there was an actual conflict of interest and that the conflict actually affected the
adequacy of counsel’s performance. Cuyler v. Sullivan, 446 U.S. 335, 348-50 (1980).
“An actual conflict of interest is usually defined in the context of one attorney
representing two or more parties with divergent interests,” State v. Tate, 925 S.W.2d 548,
552 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995), and “includes any circumstances in which an attorney
cannot exercise his or her independent professional judgment free of ‘compromising
interests and loyalties.’” State v. White, 114 S.W.3d 469, 476 (Tenn. 2003) (quoting
State v. Culbreath, 30 S.W.3d 309, 312-13 (Tenn. 2000)). When an attorney represents
more than one client in a matter, an actual conflict arises when the representation is likely
to involve the attorney in representing differing interests. Id.

       There is no presumption that counsel who may have had a potential conflict of
interest in representing multiple clients provided ineffective assistance. Netters v. State,
957 S.W.2d 844, 847 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997). If a petitioner cannot show that his
counsel “‘actively represented conflicting interests,’” then “‘he has not established the
constitutional predicate for his claim.’” George Anthony Braddock v. State, No. M2012-
01605-CCA-R3-PC, 2014 WL 546351, at *16 (Tenn. Crim. App. Feb. 11, 2014) (quoting
Cuyler, 446 U.S. at 350). In the context of a guilty plea, the actual conflict must have
adversely affected the decision to enter a guilty plea. Howard Cliften Kirby v. State, No.
9393-CR-0074, 1994 WL 525086, at *4 (Tenn. Crim. App. Sept. 28, 1994).

       We conclude that in the instant case, there was no actual conflict of interest. The
testimony of trial counsel, accredited by the post-conviction court, was that Counsel
withdrew from the Petitioner’s case in Houston County because he believed he would not
be able to effectively cross-examine a potential witness who had been a past client.
When it became obvious that the case would not go to trial, Counsel undertook
representation of the Petitioner’s case for purposes of entering a guilty plea. The
potential witness played no part in the entry of the Petitioner’s guilty plea and thus, the
potential conflict never actually arose. Furthermore, the evidence was that it was the
Petitioner’s decision to enter a plea that encompassed both his Stewart County and
Houston County cases to receive a lesser sentence and get out of jail sooner. There was
                                              9
no evidence in the record that Counsel’s conflict regarding the potential witness in the
Houston County case affected the Petitioner’s decision to enter a guilty plea in that case,
instead of proceeding to trial. Accordingly, the Petitioner cannot demonstrate an actual
conflict of interest nor can he show that his decision to enter a guilty plea was adversely
affected by the potential conflict of interest.

       We also conclude that the Petitioner has not shown that Counsel did not have the
legal authority to represent him at the guilty plea hearing. The Petitioner argues that in
the case of a “dispositional issue,” a trial or plea, an attorney cannot assign his duty to
represent his client to another attorney, as can be done in the case of “ministerial
matters.” However, the Petitioner provides no legal authority for this argument. We
agree with the State that this Court will not presume that the Petitioner was prejudiced by
Counsel’s standing in for another attorney. See William T. Johnson v. State, No. E2014-
00828-CCA-R3-PC, 2014 WL 6883653, at *5 (Tenn. Crim. App. Dec. 8, 2014) (citing
several cases that held that a petitioner was not denied the effective right to counsel when
an attorney stood in for another), no perm. app. filed. Furthermore, the Petitioner has not
shown that he was prejudiced by Counsel doing so. The evidence at the post-conviction
hearing was that the Petitioner affirmed that he was entering his guilty plea knowingly
and voluntarily and did not voice any opposition to Counsel’s representing him in that
regard. The Petitioner’s statements at the guilty plea hearing are presumed to be truthful.
See Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63, 74 (1977). We conclude that Counsel had the
proper authority to represent the Petitioner, and was effective in his representation of the
Petitioner. Accordingly, we conclude that the Petitioner is not entitled to relief.

                                     III. Conclusion

       In accordance with the aforementioned reasoning and authorities, we affirm the
post-conviction court’s judgment.

                                                   ________________________________
                                                    ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE

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