Court Opinion

ID: 4313267
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-09-18 17:32:35.358088+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:27:33.824201
License: Public Domain

Filed
                                                                                         Washington State
                                                                                         Court of Appeals
                                                                                          Division Two

                                                                                        September 18, 2018

    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

                                         DIVISION II
 BRIAN MATTHEWS,                                                     No. 50835-4-II

                                Appellant,

          v.

 STATE OF WASHINGTON,                                         UNPUBLISHED OPINION

                                Respondent.

         JOHANSON, J. — Brian Matthews appeals the trial court’s order granting the State’s CR

12(b)(6) motion and dismissing Matthews’s breach of contract action. Matthews’s breach of

contract claim sought to enforce a specific provision of articles of incorporation that he filed with

the State that provided he would be immediately released from prison where he is serving time for

a felony offense and that his legal financial obligations would be stricken. Matthews also

challenges the trial court’s finding that this action was frivolous for purposes of RCW 4.24.430.

Even presuming, but not deciding, that the articles of incorporation were a contract with the State,

the provision Matthews seeks to enforce violates public policy. Accordingly, we affirm the trial

court.

                                              FACTS

         Matthews is an inmate who is currently under the jurisdiction of the Department of

Corrections. On April 14, 2015, Matthews filed a “Declaration of Charter” purporting to establish

a corporate fraternal society entitled American Security Agency (ASA) with the Washington

secretary of state.
No. 50835-4-II

       The “Declaration of Charter” included the following article:

                                            Article XXV
              That in order to facilitate the prompt initiation of operations under this
       Charter document, the STATE OF WASHINGTON shall expediently adjust to a
       zero ($0) balance the entirety of its accounts receivable (judgment) number
       999107790 under Pierce County Superior Court Cause No. 98-1-05430-3;
       FURTHER, the STATE OF WASHINGTON shall expediently dismiss with
       prejudice the entirety of said Pierce County Superior Court Cause No. 98-1-05430-
       3. The STATE OF WASHINGTON and its officers and agents are directed to
       affirmatively perform pursuant to and under this mandate.

Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 17.

       Matthews paid a $70 filing fee to the secretary of state. The secretary of state subsequently

issued a certificate of incorporation for ASA.

       On April 3, 2017, after unsuccessfully seeking release from his criminal conviction in the

Pierce County Superior Court based on article XXV, Matthews filed a breach of contract action

against the State in his own name. Matthews alleged that the State had breached the contract

created by Matthews’s filing of the “Certificate of Incorporation” and articles of incorporation for

ASA because the Pierce County Superior Court had refused to comply with article XXV.

       The State moved to dismiss the action under CR 12(b)(6)1 and for “an order specifically

finding [the action] frivolous for purposes of RCW 4.24.430.”2 CP at 72. The State argued that

(1) there was no binding contract with the State of Washington and (2) Matthews could not sue

1
 CR 12(b)(6) provides that a claim may be dismissed if it fails to state a claim upon which relief
can be granted.
2
 Subject to certain exemptions and conditions, RCW 4.24.430 prohibits the waiver of filing fees
on civil actions if the person filing the action has previously brought three or more actions or
appeals against the State or a state agency that were dismissed as frivolous or malicious.

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No. 50835-4-II

because he is not the real party in interest in the case and had not sued in the name of the

corporation.

       The trial court granted the State’s motion to dismiss the breach of contract claim and found

that the claim was frivolous for purposes of RCW 4.24.430. The trial court also denied Matthews’s

motion for reconsideration. Matthews appeals.

                                           ANALYSIS

       Matthews argues that the trial court erred in granting the State’s motion to dismiss because

(1) the “Charter of Incorporation” is a contract with the State of Washington, (2) he is a party to

the contract and can therefore represent himself, and (3) there is a factual basis for the breach of

contract action. Because article XXV violates public policy, we affirm the trial court.

                                     I. STANDARD OF REVIEW

       We review a trial court’s CR 12(b)(6) dismissal de novo. Trujillo v. Nw. Tr. Servs., Inc.,

183 Wash. 2d 820, 830, 355 P.3d 1100 (2015). Dismissal is proper if the plaintiff can prove no set

of facts that would justify recovery. Trujillo, 183 Wash. 2d at 830.

       In evaluating whether any set of facts can justify recovery, “[w]e presume that the

plaintiff’s factual allegations are true and draw all reasonable inferences from the factual

allegations in the plaintiff’s favor”; we may even consider hypothetical facts. Trujillo, 183 Wash. 2d

at 830. “‘But, [i]f a plaintiff’s claim remains legally insufficient even under his or her proffered

hypothetical facts, dismissal pursuant to CR 12(b)(6) is appropriate.’” Trujillo, 183 Wash. 2d at 830

(alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting FutureSelect Portfolio Mgmt.,

Inc. v. Tremont Grp. Holdings, Inc., 180 Wash. 2d 954, 963, 331 P.3d 29 (2014)). We may affirm

on any ground supported by the record. State v. Costich, 152 Wash. 2d 463, 477, 98 P.3d 795 (2004).

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No. 50835-4-II

                                 II. VIOLATION OF PUBLIC POLICY

              A contract that is either illegal or violates public policy is void and
       unenforceable. Fluke Corp. v. Hartford Accident & Indem. Co., 102 Wash. App. 237,
       245, 7 P.3d 825 (2000), aff’d, 145 Wash. 2d 137, 34 P.3d 809 (2001); Sherwood &
       Roberts-Yakima, Inc. v. Leach, 67 Wash. 2d 630, 636, 409 P.2d 160 (1965). A
       contract that “seriously offends law or public policy” is “void ab initio” or “null
       from the beginning[.]” Helgeson v. City of Marysville, 75 Wash. App. 174, 180 n.4,
       881 P.2d 1042 (1994) (citing BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1574 (6th ed.)).

In re Marriage of Hammack, 114 Wash. App. 805, 810-11, 60 P.3d 663 (2003) (alteration in

original). “In determining whether a contract is contrary to public policy, the test is not merely

what the parties actually did, or contemplated doing, in order to carry out the contract, or even the

actual result of its performance, but, rather, whether the contract as made has a tendency to evil.”

Goodier v. Hamilton, 172 Wash. 60, 62-63, 19 P.2d 392 (1933); see also Viking Properties, Inc.

v. Holm, 155 Wash. 2d 112, 126, 118 P.3d 322 (2005). “Public policy in its broad sense is that

principle of law holding that no citizen can lawfully do that which has a tendency to be injurious

to the public or against the public good.” Makinen v. George, 19 Wash. 2d 340, 354, 142 P.2d 910

(1943); see also Viking Properties, Inc., 155 Wash. 2d at 126.

       In this instance, allowing a convicted felon to unilaterally circumvent the judicial system

and obtain release from a felony conviction and its related legal financial obligations by the mere

filing of articles of incorporation is clearly against public policy and is against the public good.

Thus, even if we presume without deciding that the articles of incorporation were a contract with

the State, article XXV of the articles of incorporation is void and unenforceable, and the trial court

did not err in granting the State’s motion to dismiss.3

3
  Citing RAP 2.5(a), Matthews contends that we should not consider the State’s argument that the
contract is illegal because the State did not raise this argument in the trial court. But RAP 2.5
allows us to exercise our discretion to reach unpreserved claims of error. State v. Blazina, 182
                                                  4
No. 50835-4-II

        As to the trial court’s finding that the civil action was frivolous, we also agree. “A lawsuit

is frivolous when it cannot be supported by any rational argument on the law or facts.” Tiger Oil

Corp. v. Dep’t of Licensing, 88 Wash. App. 925, 938, 946 P.2d 1235 (1997). Because the basis of

Matthews’s contract claim clearly violated public policy, the trial court did not err in finding that

the contract claim was frivolous.

        Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s dismissal of Matthews’s civil action and its finding

that the action was frivolous for purposes of RCW 4.24.430.

        A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040,

it is so ordered.

                                                      JOHANSON, J.
 We concur:

 WORSWICK, P.J.

 MELNICK, J.

Wn.2d 827, 834-35, 344 P.3d 680 (2015) (“RAP 2.5(a) grants appellate courts discretion to accept
review of claimed errors not appealed as a matter of right.”). Because this case involves an act
that is against public policy, we exercise our discretion and address the State’s illegality argument.
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