Court Opinion

ID: 4996472
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-09-30 14:28:47.691439+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:16:56.483703
License: Public Domain

On Motion for Rehearing.
On a former day of the term the judgment herein was affirmed out of deference to the opinion of my Brethren, citing, the recent case of Franklin v. State, 164 S. W. 375. I did not then believe the judgment ought to be affirmed; nor do I yet believe on the facts appellant ought to be convicted. The state’s witness is named Livsey. He testified that he got the whisky from appellant under the following circumstances: “I saw the defendant and asked him if he had any whisky; he said he did. I told him I wanted some; he said all right, and called his son and told him to let me have a bottle of whisky that was in the wagon. His son let me have the bottle of whisky, and I paid the defendant $2 for it.” He further testified: “I was employed by the county attorney to hunt for ‘bootleggers,’ and was paid some money once or twice. I got money along as I needed it. You might call me a spotter or detective. I was employed to. find out if anybody was selling whisky.” The defendant, Toney Al-bright, and Elmer Albright testified positively that no such sale occurred; that this “detective” or “spotter” came to where their father was and asked him for whisky, and was informed that he had no whisky but that his son Toney Albright had some. Toney Albright did not want to let Livsey have the whisky, but his father told him to let him have it; he was a good fellow and was all right. All three of these witnesses testified positively that it was a gift and not a sale. The usual rule is that the jury are the exclusive judges of the facts proved and credibility of the witnesses, and under the local option law a purchaser is said not to be an accomplice, and his testimony would afford the basis for a conviction. The legislature so provided, and it is not my business here to question the wisdom of this policy or act of the Legislature, but I am persuaded that this statute does not cover such a witness as this, and was not intended to do so. This statute, as I understand it, does not apply to a case where the “detective” or “spotter” or “spy” himself originates the ease and induces men to commit crime. If such are the facts, then he would be a particeps crimi-nis under the rule laid down by this court in the cases of Dever v. State, 37 Tex. Cr. R. 396, 30 S. W. 1071, and Bush v. State, 151 S. W. 554. Those cases draw the distinction between men who are ferreting out crime and officers who are ferreting out crime, and those who institute and bring about an occasion for crime and induce the crime. A purchaser may be a witness who does not need corroboration, where he is a purchaser under ordinary circumstances, but where, as a detective or spy or spotter, he is employed and receives a salary to go around and institute and organize crimes and cases against people, in my judgment, he does not come within the provision of the legislative enactment. He himself is a criminal in that he brings *1003about a criminal transaction, and sets himself to work to do so in order that he may punish people for the pay that his employer gives him. In that sort of a ease he himself is a criminal, a particeps criminis, and needs corroboration. However, my Brethren believe the case ought to be affirmed. These are my individual views above expressed. I do not believe this judgment ought to be affirmed on the testimony of this man Liv-sey, who himself brought about and induced this crime, if it is one. Of course all the other testimony shows that appellant did hot sell any whisky, but it was a present to this “detective” or “spotter.”
In my judgment this motion for rehearing ought to be granted, and the judgment reversed, but, in accordance with the wishes of by Brethren and their views of it, it will be overruled.
PRENDERGAST, P. X, and HARPER, J.
We copy in full the evidence-of the state’s witness Livsey, as follows: “I live in Rusk county, Tex. Know the defendant, John Al-bright. On the morning of September 29, 1913, I went down to the fair grounds in Longview, Gregg county, Tex. Saw the defendant, John Albright, and asked him if he had any whisky. He said he did. I told him I wanted some. He said all right, and called his son and told him to let me have a bottle of whisky that was in the wagon. His son let me have a bottle of whisky, and I paid the defendant $2 for it. This occurred in Longview, Gregg county, Tex. (The state then exhibited to the witness a bottle of I. W. Harper whisky; witness stating, ‘That is the bottle I got from the defendant.’)” Cross-examined: “I was employed by the county attorney to hunt for ‘bootleggers,’ and was paid some money once or twice. I got as much as $15. I would get money along as I needed it. You might call me a spotter or detective. I was employed to find out if anybody was selling' whisky.”
[4] The reporter will copy in full the balance of the statement of facts. Our statute expressly enacts that such witness as Livsey “shall not constitute such person an accomplice.” Article 602, Pen. Code. That he was an accomplice was in no way raised, suggested, or hinted at in this court or the court below, until in Judge DAVIDSON’S opinion on rehearing above. Even if the question had been raised in this or the court below, and there had been no statute as above cited, said witness would not have been an accomplice. Minter v. State, 159 S. W. 300; Holmes v. State, 156 S. W. 1172, and authorities cited and quoted in said decisions; Ausbrook v. State, 156 S. W. 1178. Neither of the cases of Dever or Bush, cited by Judge DAVIDSON, are in point, and especially as there was no statute applying to either of those cases, as there is to this.
This motion for rehearing in this case is properly overruled, and the case, and also the Eranklin Case, too, correctly affirmed.
The following is the balance of the evidence referred to in the opinion of the court:
“John Albright, the defendant, being sworn, testified that he did not sell the state’s witness T. G. Livsey any whisky; that on the morning of September 29, 1913, the state’s witness Livsey came down to the faiy grounds, ‘where I was at work, and told me he was going hunting and wanted some whisky, and asked me if I had any. I told him that my son Toney Albright had some in his wagon, and I called my son and told him to let Livsey have a bottle of whis-ky. My son said he did not want to do it; and I said, “Oh, Livsey was a good fellow and let him have it;” and I suppose he did. Livsey drove up to the little house that I was running a restaurant in, at the fair grounds, and did not get out of his buggy, and when my son went to his wagon, which was at the back of the house, Livsey drove around to the back of the house. I state positively that I did not sell Livsey a bottle of whisky, and that he did not pay me $2 for some or any other amount. I do not deny the fact that I drink whisky, and when I have it I do not refuse to let any one who would ask me for some have it, but I do not sell it.’ Cross-examined: T frequently order whisky by the case, and I have oftentimes given to my friends as much as a quart at a time. No, I never did ship a barrel of whisky to Gamp’s Switch.’
“Toney Albright testified: ‘The defendant is my father. I am a married man. I let T. G. Livsey have a bottle of whisky on the 29th day of September, 1913. On that morning I was going to the country in my wagon. I went by the express office and got a case of whisky that I had ordered and put same in my wagon. I then went by the fair grounds, where my father was at work, to get some canvass roofing to take out in my wagon. While I was there T. G. Livsey came out there in a buggy and drove up to where my father was and said he was going hunting and asked him for some whisky. My father told him that he did not have any, but told Livsey that I had some in my wágon, and told me to let Livsey have a bottle. I at first refused, but father said, “Oh, let Green have some; that he was a good fellow.” Livsey then drove around to the back of the house, where my wagon was. I then went to my wagon and got a bottle of I. W. Harper whisky and give it to Mr. Livsey.. He did not pay me a cent, nor did he pay my father, for it. Livsey did not get out of his buggy.’ Cross-examined: T was present when Livsey drove up. He did not get out of his buggy. He asked my father to let him have some whisky, and my father told him that he did not have any, but that I had some, and he then requested me to let Livsey have a bottle, which I did, and he did not give my father any money for same, *1004neither did he pay me anything for it. I got the whisky from the express office in the town of Longview, Gregg county, Tex.,-that morning. This whisky was shipped to me, and I receipted the express office for same.’
“Elmer Albright testified for the defendant: T heard my brother Toney Albright refuse to let Livsey have .the whisky, but my father, John Albright, said, “Let Livsey have it; that he was a good fellow.” Then my brother let Livsey have a bottle of whisky. I was present when Livsey was talking to my father and when my brother let him have the whisky, and knew that he did not pay anything for it.’ Gross-examined: ‘Mr. Livsey came up in Ms buggy and did not get out, when my father reguested Toney to let Livsey have a bottle of whisky, my brother did not want to let him have it, but my father told him that Livsey was a good fellow and to let him have it, which he did. Livsey drove his buggy around the house to where the wagon was and got the whisky. He did not pay anything for it.’
“Upon the trial of this case it was agreed by and between the state’s counsel and the attorney for the defendant that local option was in effect in Gregg county, Tex., at the date of the alleged sale and at the time of the trial, and had been in effect for several years prior thereto, and it was further agreed by and between the parties that all orders upon the minutes of the commissioners’ court record of said county, pertaining to the local option election heretofore held in said county, was considered introduced in evidence upon the trial of said cause.
“We, McCord and Campbell, attorneys for defendant, and P. A. Taylor, county attorney of Gregg county, Tex., hereby agree that the above and foregoing is a true and correct statement of the evidence and all the evidence introduced on the trial of above cause.”