Court Opinion

ID: 6569712
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-20 19:23:03.892576+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:56:51.883022
License: Public Domain

HENRIOD, Justice.
I dissent. At the outset, let it be remembered that ■ all of the material facts and any contradictions therein were established by plaintiff's own witnesses. No *436witness called by plaintiff was treated as .an adverse witness under our rules, so that it would appear that upon reviewing this case, we should examine the record in the light of plaintiff’s evidence which is least favorable to her. Her own witnesses testified variously that the accident occurred either 75 feet or 400 feet from the crest of a hill, or some distance in between these two figures. Her own witness testified that from the point of the accident, one could not see beyond the crest of the hill. If we take the distance as being 75 feet from the crest of the hill, it is pretty obvious that Section 41-6-67, U.C.A.1953 was violated, since that section provides that “No vehicle shall be turned so as to proceed in the opposite direction * * * near the crest of a grade, where such vehicle cannot be seen by the driver of any other vehicle approaching from either direction within 500 feet.” I am convinced that on this review the plaintiff should be charged with the testimony placing the point of impact at 75 feet from the crest of the hill. However, taking the testimony of plaintiff’s witnesses to the effect that it may have been 400 feet from the crest, another witness for plaintiff testified without contradiction that from the point of impact a person could not see over the crest of the hill, so that Section 41-6-67 would have been violated even if - plaintiff were given the benefit of the doubt with respect to the distance that the collision took place from the crest of the hill. It seems quite unreasonable to conclude that plaintiff would have suffered injury whether she violated this statute or not, since the statute obviously is designed to prevent exactly what happened in this case, and any other conclusion, in my opinion, would be unreasonable and would be arrived at by a jury to which the question was submitted by way of nothing but conjecture.
The trial court should be affirmed for other reasons. The plaintiff testified without any hesitation whatsoever, that she saw no cars at all anyzvhere, — either parked or in motion, — and by her own witnesses it was established that there was a northbound car stopped in the highway within feet of her, that there were southbound cars stopped on the other side of the highway within yards of her, and there was a northbound car in motion which struck her. This car in motion was there to be seen, as were the parked cars, if plaintiff had but looked, since she admitted that she saw its headlights a moment before the impact. This negligent failure to pay attention to what was around her, happened on a transcontinental, multi-lane, highly travelled highway, on the grade of a hill within a distance where the statute prohibited a U-turn. Under fact of other cases which were as little or less impressive, this court has held that there could be no recovery because the injured party was *437guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law,1 and therefore it is difficult for this writer to determine how Mr. Justice WADE arrives at the conclusion he does in the instant case.
It appears that the main opinion lays down a principle that is dangerous, to-wit: That irrespective of the establishment of negligence on the part of the plaintiff, the case nevertheless must go to the jury on the question as to whether such negligence was a proximate cause of the injury. If a person may make a U-turn below the crest of a hill in direct violation of a statute prohibiting it, without bothering to look, admitting that he sees nothing around him when he, through his own witnesses establishes without contradiction that there were vehicles all round him, and then demand the right to have his case submitted to a jury on the question of proximate cause, my heart bleeds for a defendant. In such event a losing defendant more justifiably should be heard to complain that he did not get a fair trial than that the plaintiff should complain of not having a jury trial. Facile it is to say that proximate cause is for the jury. True, proximate cause generally is for the jury, but not always. It is never for the jury where it is obvious that but for a failure to look and see what is there to see, the accident would not have happened. It is unrealistic in this case to say that if plaintiff had not been negligent, as admittedly she had been, defendant might have hit her anyway, and that irrespective of the cold facts we must appeal to the omniscience (or possible caprice) of the jury to arrive at a mythical conclusion quite irreconcilable with the reasonably apparent inevitable.
It is suggested respectfully that the conclusion of Mr. Justice WADE in the main opinion is not in harmony with some of his own previous pronouncements. In Mingus v. Olsson, supra, a case strikingly similar to the instant case, a man and wife, without looking for oncoming traffic, walked in front of a car. Except for the fact that a pedestrian was involved there, and a motorist here, the cases seem to be almost identical insofar as negligence and causation are concerned. It was said there in a decision disallowing recovery because contributory negligence barred it as a matter of law, that “On this evidence, it must be said as a matter of law that deceased either failed to look, or having looked, failed to see what he should have seen.” [114 Utah 505, 201 P.2d 498] Mr. Justice WADE, in concurring with such language, had this to say: “If he *438looked and inattentively failed to see the approaching- car or absentmindedly failed to realize his danger, or he realized his danger but still continued on into the course of the car, he would be in the same situation as to contributory negligence as though he failed to look at all.” Apply the quoted language of Mr. Justice WADE in that case to the facts of this case, and it becomes difficult to determine how two such strikingly similar cases could arrive at such diametrically opposed results and both be approved by the same author.
Mr. Justice WADE’S decision here also seems unexplainable to the light of Ceder-loff v. Whited, supra, a case which he himself authored. In that case a southbound defendant turned into the path of a northbound plaintiff, and Mr. Justice WADE had this to say: “The defendant’s testimony that he looked but did not see any car coming does not help his situation, because if he had paid attention to what was there to be seen he would have seen plaintiff’s car coming, as it was approaching in the immediate vicinity.” [110 Utah 45, 169 P.2d 778]
Mr. Justice WADE also concurred in Cox v. Thompson, where a pedestrian walked in front of an oncoming vehicle after paying no attention to the traffic about him. We said in that case that “.Crossing a highway at a point where there was no marked cross walk, decedent was duty bound to yield the right of way to a vehicle upon the roadway. See 41-6-79 Utah Code Annotated 1953. This he failed to do. He, in addition, apparently failed to look, or having looked failed to see what he should have seen and paid heed to it. He said nothing and did nothing which indicated he was in any way aware of the danger presented. Decedent was properly found negligent as a matter of law. See Mingus v. Olsson supra.” [254 P.2d 1051] It seems to me that Mr. Justice WADE’S conclusion here is a departure from his concurrence there and in the other cases mentioned. In every one of these cases it could have been said, as Mr. Justice WADE says here, that irrespective of the fact that appellant admittedly was negligent, the question whether such negligence was a proximate cause of the injury still must be determined by the jury, but in not one of those cases did we have any difficulty determining that the negligence was a proximate cause of the injury as a matter of law.
I am convinced that the main opinion simply confuses, and ignores a line of cases that we have decided, applicable to one of the few areas of our automobile collision law where there is at least some degree of clarity.
The judgment of the trial court should be affirmed.

. Cederloff v. Whited, 110 Utah 45, 169 P.2d 777; Mingus v. Olsson, 114 Utah 505, 201 P.2d 495; Cox v. Thompson, Utah, 254 P.2d 1047; Wilkinson v. Oregon S. L. R. Co., 35 Utah 110, 99 P. 466; Benson v. D. R. G. W. Ry., 4 Utah 2d 38, 286 P.2d 790.