Court Opinion

ID: 4240864
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-01-31 16:29:51.217322+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:43:41.500057
License: Public Domain

AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed January 26, 2018.

                                                                   In The
                                             Court of Appeals
                                      Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                                        No. 05-15-00667-CV

                   BASIC ENERGY SERVICES, L.P., Appellant
                                   V.
EXCO RESOURCES, INC., EXCO SERVICES, INC., EXCO OPERATING COMPANY,
    L.P., EXCO OPERATING COMPANY, L.P. FORMERLY KNOWN AS EXCO
PARTNERS OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P., EXCO OPERATING COMPANY, L.P.
  DOING BUSINESS AS EXCO PARTNERS OPERATING PTSH, L.P., SUPERIOR
  ENERGY SERVICES, L.L.C., SUPERIOR ENERGY SERVICES, INC., WARRIOR
ENERGY SERVICES CORPORATION, TEXAS CES, INC., HALLIBURTON ENERGY
      SERVICES, INC., CHILDRESS FISHING & RENTAL SERVICES, INC.,
 WEATHERFORD U.S., L.P., BENOIT MACHINE, INC., SMITH INTERNATIONAL,
            INC., AND THOMAS ENERGY SERVICES, LLC, Appellees

                                     On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 5
                                                 Dallas County, Texas
                                         Trial Court Cause No. CC-11-07735-E

                                           MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                       Before Justices Bridges, Myers, and Schenck
                                               Opinion by Justice Schenck
            Basic Energy Services, L.P. (“Basic”) appeals the trial court’s grant of summary judgment

in favor of appellees1 on their claims that Basic owed a duty to defend and indemnify each appellee

     1
         Appellees are as follows:
      1) EXCO Resources, Inc.; EXCO Services, Inc.; EXCO Operating Company, L.P.; EXCO Operating Company, L.P. formerly known as
EXCO Partners Operating Partnership, L.P.; EXCO Operating Company, L.P. doing business as EXCO Partners Operating PTSH, L.P.
(collectively, “EXCO”);
     2) Superior Energy Services, L.L.C.; Superior Energy Services, Inc.; Warrior Energy Services Corporation; and Texas CES, Inc. (collectively,
“Superior/CES”);
     3) Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. (“Halliburton”);
pursuant to a Master Service and Supply Agreement (“MSA”) between Basic and EXCO. In its

first set of issues, Basic argues the trial court erred in imposing defense and indemnity obligations

on Basic because the trial court erred in its construction of terms and language in the MSA. Basic

also argues the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on appellees’ claims for attorney’s

fees because questions of material fact existed and because Basic had no duty to defend claims

that did not fall within the scope of the MSA. Finally, Basic argues that even if underlying defense

fees were authorized for the non-EXCO appellees, the trial court erred in awarding attorney’s fees

for separate contractual claims against EXCO because the defense obligations did not extend to

extra-contractual claims. We affirm the trial court’s judgment. Because all issues are settled in

law, we issue this memorandum opinion. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.

                                      FACTUAL & PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

        In November 2010, Pablo Rosas, an employee of Basic, died at an oil well site. The

following year, Mr. Rosas’s family members (collectively, “Rosas Plaintiffs”), on behalf of

themselves and Mr. Rosas’s estate, filed claims against Basic, appellees, and other entities not a

part of this appeal under state survival and wrongful death statutes (“the Rosas lawsuit”). The

Rosas Plaintiffs alleged the oil well at which Mr. Rosas was working “suffered a catastrophic

failure that caused a metal tubing to be propelled into the air” that fell back to the ground and

struck Mr. Rosas, “thereby causing his death.” The Rosas Plaintiffs further alleged that Basic,

EXCO, and the non-EXCO appellees committed certain acts, omissions, or both that constituted

negligence and were a proximate cause of their and Mr. Rosas’s injuries and damages. EXCO and

   4) Childress Fishing & Rental Services, Inc. (“Childress”);
   5) Weatherford U.S., L.P. (“Weatherford”);
   6) Benoit Machine, Inc. (“Benoit”); and
   7) Smith International, Inc. and Thomas Energy Services, LLC (“Smith/Thomas”).
   Superior/CES, Halliburton, Childress, Weatherford, Benoit, and Smith/Thomas will be referred to collectively as “the non-EXCO appellees.”

                                                                  –2–
some of the non-EXCO appellees tendered the Rosas lawsuit to Basic and requested a defense and

indemnity as to same under the MSA. Basic eventually accepted these tenders.

          In 2013, because EXCO interpreted many communications from Basic and its insurance

carriers as renouncing Basic’s contractual defense and indemnity obligations, EXCO filed a cross-

action against Basic, seeking to compel Basic to comply with its obligations under the MSA.2

Basic responded that “there are no contractual agreements existing between Basic Energy and

[EXCO] that require Basic Energy to assume a defense for or indemnify [EXCO] or [EXCO’s]

Contractors or subcontractors.” EXCO then moved for summary judgment on its claim that Basic

was contractually obliged to provide for the defense and indemnification of the EXCO Contractor

Group as to the Rosas lawsuit.3 After Basic’s response and a hearing, the trial court signed an

interlocutory order granting EXCO’s motion for summary judgment and finding

          Basic is contractually obligated to defend . . . [and] . . . indemnify EXCO [and] the
          EXCO Contractors in and as to this action as to the claims asserted against them by
          Rosas; [and] . . . to reimburse EXCO and the EXCO Contractors for any and all
          necessary and reasonable attorney’s fees defense costs and expenses incurred in
          defending against [the Rosas lawsuit].

          In January 2014, the trial court ordered all of the parties in the Rosas lawsuit to participate

in mediation, during which the Rosas Plaintiffs agreed to settle their claims against Basic, the

appellees, and other entities that are not parties to this appeal for $985,000 (“Rosas Settlement”).

Thereafter, in conjunction with the Rosas Settlement, the trial court in the Rosas lawsuit signed a

partial final judgment, disposing of all of the Rosas Plaintiffs’ claims against Basic and appellees.4

   2
       The non-EXCO appellees filed similar actions in 2013 and early 2014.
   3
       Non-EXCO appellees Superior/CES and Weatherford filed briefing with the trial court in support of EXCO’s motion for summary judgment.
   4
       Those parties not a part of this appeal were disposed of by another summary judgment or dismissal order not at issue in this appeal.

                                                                      –3–
        Basic filed a motion to reconsider the trial court’s interlocutory summary judgment order.

EXCO and most of the non-EXCO appellees filed responses to Basic’s motion. After conducting

a hearing, the trial court entered an order denying Basic’s motion for reconsideration.

       All of the appellees filed a supplemental motion for summary judgment against Basic, in

which they sought to recover their attorney’s fees and other fees, costs, and expenses as a result of

the Rosas Plaintiffs’ claims and the litigation expenses they incurred pursuing and prosecuting

their claims for defense and indemnity against Basic, as well as for the non-EXCO appellees’

claims against EXCO. Basic responded and objected to the evidence appellees offered in support

of their supplemental summary judgment motion. Appellees filed a reply brief and objections to

Basic’s proffered summary judgment evidence.

       On January 30, 2015, the trial court conducted a hearing on the supplemental motion for

summary judgment. On March 6, 2015, the trial court signed a final judgment that granted the

following relief:

              Appellees’ supplemental summary judgment motion was granted in all respects;

              Basic was contractually obliged to appellee Childress in the amount of, and
               reimburse Childress for the, $10,000.00 paid as part of the settlement of the claims
               of the Rosas Plaintiffs;

              Basic was contractually obliged to defend and indemnify the non-EXCO appellees
               in the instant litigation and as to claims of the Rosas Plaintiffs based on the
               companies’ intended third-party beneficiary status under the MSA;

              Appellees were entitled to recover from Basic any and all attorney’s fees, litigation
               expenses, and court costs incurred by them and arising from the claims of the Rosas
               Plaintiffs or incurred in the instant litigation, including, but not limited to, those
               fees, costs, and expenses incurred defending against the claims of the Rosas
               Plaintiffs and pursuing contractual defense or indemnity from Basic or EXCO;

              Based on the operative contractual language in the MSA, appellees were not
               required to prove the attorney’s fees they incurred were reasonable and necessary,
               however, the trial court found appellees established the reasonableness and
               necessity of their attorney’s fees as a matter of law;

                                                –4–
               As set forth in the supplemental summary judgment motion, EXCO was entitled to
                indemnity from Basic pursuant to the MSA as to all claims for defense and
                indemnity asserted against EXCO by the non-EXCO appellees pursuant to the
                master service agreements between EXCO and the non-EXCO appellees;

               Basic was obliged to pay and reimburse appellees all of their attorney’s fees,
                litigation expenses, and court costs arising from the claims of the Rosas Plaintiffs
                or incurred in this matter including, but not limited to, those fees, costs, and
                expenses incurred defending against the claims of the Rosas Plaintiffs and pursuing
                contractual defense or indemnity from Basic or EXCO;

               Basic was further obliged to pay and reimburse EXCO its contingent attorney’s
                fees, litigation expenses, and court costs;

               Basic was obliged to pay each appellee post-judgment interest on all amounts
                awarded to that appellee; and

               All court costs incurred by appellees were assessed against Basic.

       Basic filed a motion for new trial, which the trial court denied after considering the motion

and appellees’ response. This appeal follows.

                      INDEMNITY PROVISION BETWEEN BASIC AND EXCO

       All of Basic’s arguments relate to the defense and indemnity provision of the MSA. It

provides:

       Contractor [Basic] shall defend, indemnify, hold harmless, and release Company
       Group [EXCO and non-EXCO appellees] from and against any and all claims,
       losses, damages, demands, causes of action, suits, and liability of every kind,
       including all expenses of litigation, court costs and attorneys’ fees which may be
       incurred by Company Group [EXCO and non-EXCO appellees] as a result of such
       claims, demands, or suits brought or asserted against Company [EXCO] by
       Contractor Group arising from any claim of loss, damage, injury, illness or death
       described in subparagraphs (a) through (h) below, regardless (except as expressly
       provided herein) of who may be at fault or otherwise responsible under any statute,
       rule or theory of law, including but not limited to theories of strict liability, and
       even though the subject loss, damage, injury, illness or death may have been caused
       in whole or in part by: (1) the sole, concurrent, active or passive negligence of
       Company Group or (2) a defect in the property or equipment of either party,
       including but not limited to those defects preexisting the effective date of this
       agreement.

                                                –5–
                                         STANDARD OF REVIEW

          We review a summary judgment de novo. Mann Frankfort Stein & Lipp Advisors, Inc. v.

Fielding, 289 S.W.3d 844, 848 (Tex. 2009). We review the evidence presented in the motion and

response in the light most favorable to the non-movant, crediting evidence favorable to the non-

movant if a reasonable fact-finder could, and disregarding contrary evidence unless a reasonable

fact-finder could not. See id. The movant bears the burden of showing no genuine issue of material

fact exists and it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id.

                                           APPLICABLE LAW

          An indemnity agreement is a promise to safeguard or hold the indemnitee harmless against

either existing loss liability, future loss liability, or both. Dresser Indus., Inc.v . Page Petroleum,

Inc., 853 S.W.2d 505, 508 (Tex. 1993). We construe indemnity agreements under normal rules of

contract construction. Gulf Ins. v. Burns Motors, Inc., 22 S.W.3d 417, 423 (Tex. 2000). The

primary goal is to ascertain and give effect to the parties’ intent as expressed by the plain language

they used in the contract. See Great Am. Ins. Co. v. Primo, 512 S.W.3d 890, 893 (Tex. 2017). We

assign terms their ordinary and generally accepted meaning unless the contract directs otherwise.

See id.

          The rule of strictissimi juris applies so that the indemnitor is entitled to have its agreement

strictly construed. See Irvin v. Guarantee Co. of N. Am., U.S.A., 05-07-01230-CV, 2008 WL
2971806, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 5, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Hudson v. Hinton,

435 S.W.2d 211, 214 (Tex. Civ. App.—Dallas 1968, no writ)). However, this rule is not one of

construction but of substantive law that applies only after the parties’ intent has been ascertained

through ordinary rules of construction. Id. We thus begin by reviewing the agreement language

to ascertain whether the trial court properly determined that its intent was sufficiently plain to

support the summary judgment. See id., at *4.

                                                   –6–
                                            DISCUSSION

I.     Did the Trial Court Correctly Construe the MSA?

       In its first set of issues, Basic urges the trial court erred in imposing defense and indemnity

obligations on it by incorrectly construing what it urges as the plain, unambiguous language of the

indemnity provision in the MSA. When parties disagree over the meaning of an unambiguous

contract, we determine the parties’ intent by examining and considering the entire writing in an

effort to give effect to the parties’ intentions as expressed in the contract.        See Ascendant

Anesthesia PLLC v. Abazi, 348 S.W.3d 454, 459 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.). We give

contract terms their plain, ordinary, and generally accepted meanings unless the contract itself

shows them to be used in a technical or different sense. See Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett,

164 S.W.3d 656, 662 (Tex. 2005).

          A.      Did the MSA Cover Claims from Basic’s Employee’s Heirs and Beneficiaries?

       The Rosas Plaintiffs’ claims fell into two categories: (1) a survival claim asserted by Pablo

Rosas’s estate, and (2) wrongful death claims asserted by the heirs and beneficiaries of Pablo

Rosas. According to Basic, the MSA unambiguously imposes defense and indemnity obligations

on Basic for suits by a member of the Contractor Group, which includes employees of Basic, but

not the heirs or beneficiaries of Basic or its employees. Basic argues that the wrongful death claims

asserted by the heirs and beneficiaries of Pablo Rosas were only to the benefit of his heirs and

beneficiaries such that any claimed defense or litigation expenses associated with the wrongful

death claim were not covered by the MSA. Basic further urges that by not including the heirs or

beneficiaries of Basic’s employees in the definition of “Contractor Group,” EXCO deliberately

excluded suits by heirs or beneficiaries of Basic’s employees, such as the wrongful death claims

asserted by the Rosas Plaintiffs.

                                                –7–
           Reviewing the language of the indemnity agreement, Basic agreed to “defend [and]

indemnify . . . Company Group . . . from and against any and all claims, . . . damages, . . . and

liability of every kind, including all expenses of litigation, court costs and attorneys’ fees which

may be incurred by Company Group as a result of such claims, demands, or suits brought or

asserted against Company [EXCO] by Contractor Group arising from any claim of loss, damage,

injury, illness or death described in subparagraphs (a) through (h) below.”5 Subparagraph (a)

provides for “personal injury to, bodily injury to, . . . [or] death of . . . [Basic’s] employees.”

           Thus, the agreement plainly and unambiguously obliges Basic to defend and indemnify the

Company Group from and against any and all claims, litigation expenses, and attorneys’ fees that

appellees incurred as a result of suits brought against EXCO by Contractor Group arising from

any claim of death of one of Basic’s employees. To interpret the agreement to provide for claims

for the death of a person but to exclude actions brought by heirs or beneficiaries does not make

any logical sense. Moreover, the supreme court has consistently held that the right of beneficiaries

to maintain a wrongful death action is entirely derivative of the decedent’s right to have sued for

his own injuries immediately prior to his death. See Russell v. Ingersoll-Rand Co., 841 S.W.2d
343, 347 (Tex. 1992). Given that precedent and the umambiguous language of the MSA, we

cannot conclude the trial court erred by interpreting all of the Rosas Plaintiffs’ claims as covered

by the MSA.

               B.         Was Basic Obliged to Defend or to Indemnify the Non-EXCO Appellees?

           Basic next urges that the trial court erred by requiring Basic to defend or to indemnify

claims the Rosas Plaintiffs brought against non-EXCO appellees. Basic relies on the fact that the

      5
         We note that the indemnity agreement’s definition of Contractor Group includes commercial entities and “agents, directors, officers,
employees . . . .” As commercial entities do not suffer natural deaths and employees may not bring survivorship claims to recoup losses arising
from death, reading the indemnity provision to exclude the only people who might bring a claim to recoup for an employee’s death would require
us to give no effect to that language. See Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d at 662 (“[C]ourts should examine the entire writing to harmonize and give effect to
all the provisions of the contract so that none will be rendered meaningless.”).

                                                                      –8–
MSA distinguishes between Company and Company Group and thus the indemnity provision only

applies to suits against EXCO and not against EXCO’s other contractors, or the non-EXCO

appellees. Basic interprets the MSA to require Basic to defend “suits brought or asserted against

[EXCO] by Contractor Group arising from any claim of loss . . . injury . . . or death described in

subparagraph (a).” Neither party disputes that all non-EXCO appellees are part of the Company

Group.

         Basic’s argument ignores the first part of the provision, which requires Basic to “defend

[and] indemnify . . . Company Group . . . from and against any and all claims, . . . damages, . . .

and liability of every kind, including all expenses of litigation, court costs and attorneys’ fees

which may be incurred by Company Group.” See Heritage Res., Inc. v. NationsBank, 939 S.W.2d
118, 121 (Tex. 1996) (“We presume that the parties to a contract intend every clause to have some

effect.”). Reading the provision as a whole, we cannot conclude the trial court erred by requiring

Basic to defend or to indemnify non-EXCO appellees for claims brought against them as they

plainly fall within the contract’s definition of Company Group, as all readily admit non-EXCO

appellees are part of the Company Group. See Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d at 662 (“[C]ourts should

examine the entire writing to harmonize and give effect to all the provisions of the contract so that

none will be rendered meaningless.”).

           C.      Was Basic Obliged to Indemnify EXCO for Claims the Non-EXCO Appellees
                   Asserted against EXCO?

         Basic argues that the plain language of the MSA does not provide for any pass-through

indemnity, and that, absent express language in the MSA, Basic was not obliged to indemnify

EXCO for EXCO’s separate contractual indemnity provisions.

         In addition to the MSA with Basic, EXCO signed master service agreements with each of

the non-EXCO appellees. Those agreements provided for EXCO’s indemnity obligations to the

non-EXCO appellees and for the non-EXCO appellees’ indemnity obligations to EXCO. In those
                                                –9–
agreements, the non-EXCO appellees agreed to indemnify EXCO for all claims, losses, and

expenses incurred by EXCO as a result of such claims, demands, or suits brought or asserted

against EXCO by any party, “including any third party to whom [EXCO] is obligated to provide

indemnity by contract or otherwise.”

       Basic argues that such language is missing from the indemnity provision in the MSA, such

that the MSA did not impose any obligation on Basic to indemnify EXCO for EXCO’s separate

contractual indemnity agreements with the non-EXCO appellees. Basic urges that failing to list a

specific type of claim precludes indemnification for that claim. However, Basic appears to be

relying on the legal doctrine of “the express negligence test,” which is “very narrow, requiring

simply that parties seeking to indemnify the indemnitee from the consequences of its own

negligence must express that intent in specific terms.” See Ard v. Gemini Expl. Co., 894 S.W.2d
11, 13 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1994, writ denied).

       Basic relies on an opinion from the Fort Worth Court of Appeals to contend that the MSA

must have apprised Basic that EXCO had separate contracts and expected indemnification under

those separate contracts. See Nabors Drilling USA, L.P. v. Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc., 02-12-

00166-CV, 2013 WL 3488152, at *5 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2013, pet. denied) (mem. op.). In

Encana, the court noted that a plain reading of the contract at issue did not reveal an intention that

extra-contractual liabilities obligations would be passed through and noted three ways that a party

could have provided for pass-through liability. Id., at *5 n.5. The third and last of those three

methods was “to expand the categories of persons or companies entitled to indemnity protection

such that the indemnity agrees to indemnify the indemnitee and its contractors and subcontractors

(excluding [indemnitor] and its subcontractors).” Id.

       We note that the language at issue here obliges Basic to defend, indemnify, hold harmless,

and release the “Company Group,” defined in the MSA as including EXCO and its contractors

                                                –10–
and subcontractors. Therefore, the MSA expanded the categories of persons or companies entitled

to indemnity protection in a manner specified by Encana. See id. Accordingly, we conclude the

trial court did not err by requiring Basic to indemnify EXCO for EXCO’s separate contractual

indemnity obligations to non-EXCO appellees.

          D.      Is the MSA Ambiguous?

       Basic finally argues in the alternative that the MSA is ambiguous, urging that its

interpretation of the indemnity and defense provision is reasonable and that if this Court concludes

appellees’ interpretation is also reasonable, then an ambiguity exists. We have concluded,

however, that Basic’s interpretation is in fact in conflict with the plain language of the MSA as

detailed above. Accordingly, we reject any assertion that the MSA is ambiguous. See Gulf Ins. v.

Burns Motors, Inc., 22 S.W.3d 417, 423 (Tex. 2000) (“When the contract is worded so that it can

be given a certain or definite legal meaning it is not ambiguous and the court will construe the

contract as a matter of law.”).

II.    Attorney’s Fees

       In a second set of issues, Basic urges the trial court erred in granting summary judgment

on appellees’ claims for attorney’s fees.

          A.      Were There Any Questions of Material Fact?

       Basic urges that appellees’ requested attorney’s fees can be divided into three categories:

(1) defense fees and costs for the underlying Rosas lawsuit; (2) fees and costs for cross-claims

against Basic for defense and indemnification; and (3) fees for cross-claims against EXCO for

defense and indemnity. According to Basic, appellees’ attorneys’ affidavits did not establish they

were entitled to all three fee categories because at least the second and third categories were

governed by the “reasonable and necessary” standard set forth in the civil practice and remedies

code. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 38.001. Basic continues that the supporting affidavits

                                               –11–
were not specific enough, leaving questions of fact. Basic further urges that appellees’ affidavits

supporting their attorney’s fees did not meet the requirements to establish their reasonableness as

set forth in the supreme court opinions of El Apple I, Ltd. v. Olivas, 370 S.W.3d 757, 760–64 (Tex.

2012), and Arthur Anderson & Co. v. Perry Equipment Corp., 945 S.W.2d 812, 818 (Tex. 1997).

       Appellees respond that Basic’s “questions of fact” argument is premised on the notion that

appellees were required to prove their attorney’s fees were reasonable, despite the contract’s

governing language and the fact that the fees had already been paid. Appellees reject this notion

instead pointing to the plain language of the contract which provides for “all expenses of litigation,

court costs, and attorneys’ fees which may be incurred by Company Group . . . .” We agree with

appellees.

       Basic relies on section 38.001 of the civil practice and remedies code and opinions from

this Court in support of its argument that appellees’ attorney’s fees are subject to reasonableness

requirements. See CIV. PRAC. & REM. § 38.001 ((providing a person may recover “reasonable

attorney’s fees” for claims of, among others, breach of contract); Roberts v. Roper, 373 S.W.3d
227, 233 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.) (in summary judgment proceedings, non-movant may

raise fact issue as to attorney’s fees by filing affidavit of attorney contesting reasonableness of

movant’s attorney’s affidavit). Regardless of the reasonableness requirement of section 38.001,

appellees sought and obtained recovery of their attorney’s fees pursuant to a contract, the MSA.

Therefore, we will now address whether the MSA required appellees to prove their attorney’s fees

were reasonable. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.

       The plain language of the contract provides for “all expenses of litigation, court costs, and

attorneys’ fees which may be incurred by Company Group . . . ” and does not include any

requirement that such amounts must be subsequently subjected to scrutiny for reasonableness. See

Great Am. Ins. Co. v. Primo, 512 S.W.3d 890, 893 (Tex. 2017). Basic relies on our opinion in

                                                –12–
Roberts v. Roper to argue that an agreement for attorney’s fees implies those fees must be

reasonable. See Roberts, 373 S.W.3d at 233. We find that decision distinguishable because that

decision involved a promissory note in which an individual “borrower promise[d] to pay all

attorney’s fees of [an individual] lender” whereas here, two sophisticated, commercial entities

negotiated that one would “defend, indemnify, hold harmless, and release” another and its

subcontractors “from and against . . . liability of every kind, including all expenses of litigation,

court costs and attorneys’ fees . . . .” See Roberts, 373 S.W.3d at 233.6 Basic and EXCO agreed

that EXCO could either (1) tender its defense to Basic thus allowing Basic to control the costs of

litigation or (2) incur litigation expenses itself, negotiating with attorneys for fees that it would

then submit to Basic for indemnification, risking Basic’s refusal or inability to pay and assuring

itself of the reasonableness of the fees it was paying in the process. Accordingly, in view of the

fact that the agreement at issue here was between two sophisticated, commercial entities presently

familiar with the expenses of litigation, court costs and attorney’s fees and free to negotiate and

structure their affairs as they sought fit, we see no reason to impose additional procedures beyond

those they chose for themselves.

           Accordingly, we overrule this issue.

               B.         Did the Non-EXCO Claims Fall within the Scope of the MSA?

           Basic next argues that it had no obligation to pay the non-EXCO appellees’ defense costs

and fees because the claims against them were not within the scope of the MSA. It argues the

indemnity provision must be strictly construed against appellees and in Basic’s favor. However,

the strict construction Basic would have us apply is a rule of substantive law that applies only after

     6
        We further distinguish all our other opinions concluding that “[a]n agreement to pay an unspecified amount of attorney’s fees implies
payment of a reasonable fee for the attorney’s services” because those cases similarly involved individuals who had agreed to pay unspecified
amounts of attorney’s fees. See In Interest of A.N.Z., 05-15-01443-CV, 2017 WL 2464677, at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 7, 2017, no pet.) (mem.
op.) (fee provision of divorce decree); In re B.N.L.-B., 375 S.W.3d 557, 566 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.) (indemnification provision in donor
agreement between individuals); Girard Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Koenigsberg, 65 S.W.2d 783, 785 (Tex. Civ. App.—Dallas 1933, no writ)
(indemnity contract between an individual, insurance company, and insurance company’s agency “to refund all loss or damage and all attorney’s
fee”).

                                                                    –13–
the parties’ intent has been ascertained through ordinary rules of construction. See Irvin v.

Guarantee Co. of N. Am., U.S.A., 05-07-01230-CV, 2008 WL 2971806, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas

Aug. 5, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Hudson v. Hinton, 435 S.W.2d 211, 214 (Tex. Civ.

App.—Dallas 1968, no writ)).

       As noted above, the plain language of the indemnity provision and the agreement as a

whole requires Basic to defend or to indemnify non-EXCO appellees for claims brought against

them. Accordingly, we cannot conclude the claims fell outside the scope of the MSA.

          C.     Did the MSA Cover Separate Claims against EXCO by Non-EXCO Appellees?

       Finally, Basic argues that even if underlying defense fees were authorized for the non-

EXCO appellees, the trial court erred in awarding attorney’s fees for separate contractual claims

against EXCO because the MSA did not cover extra-contractual claims. Because we have already

declined to conclude the trial court erred by requiring Basic to indemnify EXCO for EXCO’s

separate contractual indemnity obligations to non-EXCO appellees, we similarly decline to

conclude the trial court erred by requiring Basic to pay defense costs and fees for claims arising

from EXCO’s separate contractual indemnity obligations to non-EXCO appellees.

                                          CONCLUSION

       We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                 /David J. Schenck/
                                                 DAVID J. SCHENCK
                                                 JUSTICE

150667F.P05

                                               –14–
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

 BASIC ENERGY SERVICES, L.P.,                        On Appeal from the County Court at Law
 Appellant                                           No. 5, Dallas County, Texas
                                                     Trial Court Cause No. CC-11-07735-E.
 No. 05-15-00667-CV          V.                      Opinion delivered by Justice Schenck,
                                                     Justices Bridges and Myers participating.
 EXCO RESOURCES, INC., EXCO
 SERVICES, INC., EXCO OPERATING
 COMPANY, L.P., EXCO OPERATING
 COMPANY, L.P. FORMERLY KNOWN
 AS EXCO PARTNERS OPERATING
 PARTNERSHIP, L.P., EXCO
 OPERATING COMPANY, L.P. DOING
 BUSINESS AS EXCO PARTNERS
 OPERATING PTSH, L.P., SUPERIOR
 ENERGY SERVICES, L.L.C., SUPERIOR
 ENERGY SERVICES, INC., WARRIOR
 ENERGY SERVICES CORPORATION,
 TEXAS CES, INC., HALLIBURTON
 ENERGY SERVICES, INC., CHILDRESS
 FISHING & RENTAL SERVICES, INC.,
 WEATHERFORD U.S., L.P., BENOIT
 MACHINE, INC., SMITH
 INTERNATIONAL, INC., AND
 THOMAS ENERGY SERVICES, LLC,
 Appellees

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

    It is ORDERED that appellees EXCO SERVICES, INC., EXCO OPERATING
COMPANY, L.P., EXCO OPERATING COMPANY, L.P. FORMERLY KNOWN AS EXCO

                                              –15–
PARTNERS OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P., EXCO OPERATING COMPANY, L.P.
DOING BUSINESS AS EXCO PARTNERS OPERATING PTSH, L.P., SUPERIOR ENERGY
SERVICES, L.L.C., SUPERIOR ENERGY SERVICES, INC., WARRIOR ENERGY SERVICES
CORPORATION, TEXAS CES, INC., HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC.,
CHILDRESS FISHING & RENTAL SERVICES, INC., WEATHERFORD U.S., L.P., BENOIT
MACHINE, INC., SMITH INTERNATIONAL, INC., AND THOMAS ENERGY SERVICES,
LLC recover their costs of this appeal from appellant BASIC ENERGY SERVICES, L.P..

Judgment entered this 26th day of January, 2018.

                                             –16–