Court Opinion

ID: 5612438
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-11 04:05:48.284447+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:37:08.945785
License: Public Domain

Stephens, J.,
dissenting. Where one owns and operates a building wherein offices are leased to tenants, and where the public by express or implied invitation enter for lawful purposes, he is bound to exercise ordinary care in keeping the hallways and approaches to the offices therein safe. Civil Code (1910), § 4420. Where, in the hallway of such a building, the floor, which is constructed of very smooth and slick tile, is allowed to become covered *371with water and thus rendered slippery and dangerous to walk upon, such condition of the floor, if permitted in the middle of the day and during business hours and while the building is frequented by persons entering under an implied invitation, may amount to a failure to keep the hallway safe, and thus constitute negligence on the part of the owner or person operating the building. Any one passing along the hallway of such building who is, without any fault on his part, injured by reason of slipping and falling, caused by such negligent condition of the floor, may recover damages for such injuries. He has a right to assume that the floor is safe, and is chargeable with only ordinary care and diligence in observing its condition. Where he has no knowledge of the unsafe condition of the floor, and there is nothing to indicate it other than the bare existence of the water on the floor, and such person, only a half hour before the injury and before the placing of the water upon the floor, has passed over it in safety, it is a question for the jury whether or not under such circumstances such person by the exercise of ordinary care could have discovered the dangerous and unsafe condition of the floor, and thereby prevented the injury. The condition of a tile floor covered with water without anything calling attention thereto is not necessarily patent. It is likely not to attract attention, and may not be observed by one exercising ordinary care.
It cannot be said that the only inference to be drawn from the facts alleged in the petition is that the plaintiff, under the circumstances, could by the exercise of ordinary care have'discovered the dangerous condition of the floor and prevented his injury. While the facts alleged may strongly demand this -inference, they may nevertheless, on the contrary, authorize the inference that the plaintiff could not by the exercise of ordinary care have discovered such dangerous condition. In Frost v. McCarthy, 200 Mass. (1910), 445, it was held that whexe a woman went into a store in which she often transacted business and as she entered noticed on the steps mortar or plaster around which she had to pick her way, and after remaining in the store a few minutes she came out and slipped upon the substance upon the steps and was injured, and where there was evidence to warrant the finding that the condition of the steps had existed for such a period of time that the proprietor of the store ought to have known of it, the questions *372of negligence on the part of the person injured and the proprietor were for the jury. The court, in that case, speaking through Mr. Justice Bugg, now its eminent Chief Justice, says: “The question as to the plaintiffs due care, although close, was properly submitted to the jury. Albeit she observed the presence upon the steps of the powdered and lumped mortar before she entered, and had to pick her way along and feared that she might slip, the door was open leading into the store and business was in fact being conducted there as usual. An invitation on the part of the defendant was thus held out to customers to enter his store, which to some extent carried an implication of safety, if the invitation was accepted. The principle is too well settled to require a citation of authorities to support it, that mere knowledge of the danger of doing a certain act without a full appreciation of the risk involved is not sufficient to preclude a plaintiff from recovery, even though there may be added to the knowledge of danger a comprehension of some risk. It is still in most cases a question of fact whether, taking into account all the circumstances, including the knowledge and appreciation as well as every other material condition, the plaintiff is guilty of such negligence as to preclude recovery. Such knowledge and appreciation no doubt oftentimes, perhaps generally, constitute weighty evidence of negligence. They do not invariably rise to such clear and conclusive manifestation of want of ordinary prudence as to warrant a court in ruling as a matter of law that there is want of due care. Facts are often present which require the court to say as a matter of law that no person of ordinary prudence would do the act which accompanied the injury. . . The established standard is whether, taking everything into account, the act is one which the common sense of mankind pronounces want of such prudence as the ordinarily careful, person would use in a like situation. It is hard to conceive of anything more universally known to be plainly liable to cause a person to slip than ice, yet it has not infrequently been held that knowledge of the presence of ice on the part of one attempting to pass over it, sometimes even when there is another way open, is not such evidence of negligence as to warrant the court in ruling as a matter of law that the person injured by the attempt to get over the slippery place is precluded from recovery by negligence," citing authorities. See also Anjou v. Boston Elevated *373Ry. Co., 208 Mass. (1911) 273; 31 Am. & Eng. Anno. Cases, p. 133, note; L. R. A. 1915F, 572, note.
I am therefore of the opinion that the petition set out a cause of action and was improperly dismissed on general demurrer.