Court Opinion

ID: 4374119
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-03-06 10:37:43.097083+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:25:37.345027
License: Public Domain

Opinion issued March 5, 2019

                                     In The

                             Court of Appeals
                                    For The

                         First District of Texas
                            ————————————
                             NO. 01-17-00959-CR
                           ———————————
                    SANDRA LOPEZ FLORES, Appellant
                                       V.
                      THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                   On Appeal from the 209th District Court
                           Harris County, Texas
                       Trial Court Case No. 1439487

                         MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Without an agreed sentencing recommendation, Sandra Lopez Flores pleaded

guilty to the first-degree-felony offense of misapplication of fiduciary property
valued over $200,000.1 Following the preparation of a presentence investigation

(“PSI”) report, the trial court conducted a sentencing hearing. At the end of the

hearing, the trial court found Flores guilty and sentenced her to six years in prison.

In one issue on appeal, Flores complains that her due-process rights were violated

by the State’s alleged failure to correct certain testimony by one of its witnesses

during the sentencing hearing.

      We affirm.

                                    Background

      Late in 2004, A. Acosta hired Flores as an escrow agent for his business,

which operated as a fee office for Texas Nations Title. As an escrow agent, Flores

had access to funds paid on the day of closing for real property purchases and for

property refinancing. Over the course of nearly a year, starting in 2008, Flores

redirected, for her own use, funds she received in her role as escrow agent. The

funds Flores took were involved in over three dozen home refinancing transactions

intended to pay off the first mortgage on the properties and to pay property taxes.

Multiple property owners were threatened with foreclosure because Flores had taken

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      Flores’s indictment alleged that she had committed misapplication of fiduciary
      property valued at more than $200,000 from 2008 until 2009. In 2015, the
      legislature amended Penal Code Section 32.45 to require a misapplication of an
      amount over $300,000, rather than over $200,000, for a first-degree felony. See Act
      of May 31, 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., ch. 1251, § 21, 2015 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. 4208,
      4217 (current version TEX. PENAL CODE § 32.45(b)).
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the funds intended to pay off the mortgages. In all, Flores’s actions affected over

one million dollars’ worth of transactions. Acosta lost his business, in part, due to

Flores’s actions.

      Related to Flores’ actions, Acosta enlisted the help of an attorney, A. Gabbert,

to represent him and to assist the homeowners affected by Flores’s scheme. Gabbert

spent over 5 years and 500 attorney hours untangling Flores’s scheme and helping

the affected homeowners avoid foreclosure.

      In 2014, Flores was indicted for the first-degree-felony offense of

misapplication of fiduciary property valued at over $200,000. Flores pleaded guilty

to the offense, and the trial court ordered the preparation of a PSI report. After the

report’s preparation, the trial court conducted the sentencing hearing.

      At the start of the sentencing hearing, the parties agreed that there were no

outstanding liens pending against any of the named complainants’ properties. The

State informed the trial court that its investigator had confirmed that liens on the

properties had been released.

      The State called Gabbert to testify. After questioning by the State and the

defense, the trial court asked Gabbert whether there was restitution the court could

order Flores to pay if the court decided to place Flores on community supervision.

Gabbert answered,

      There are two of the homeowners who were affected in this. Those
      were the Duartes and . . . the Carlos[es]. And when I checked before I
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      came to testify, because we could never figure out exactly what
      happened to their properties because the Department of Insurance,
      that’s one that we couldn’t work out. And Bank of America owns both
      of their properties and those individuals are actually living in their
      homes and renting their homes from Bank of America. So I think that’s
      something that should be looked at . . . .

            Those two properties, [A.] Carlos. . . and [C.] Duarte, the Bank
      of America owns their properties and they are renting those properties
      from them. So that’s something I think would need to be addressed.

      On re-cross examination, the following exchange then occurred between the

defense and Gabbert:

      [Defense counsel:] Ms. Gabbert, are you aware that the probation
            officer interviewed Mr. Duarte?

      [Gabbert:] No, I’m not. Like I said, that’s what I was looking at before
           I came into the courtroom. I said that needs to be checked out.

      Q. And Mr. Duarte says the only money that he is owed is some lost
           wages?

      A. Okay.

      Q. And no other money?

      A. Well, that’s why I said that needs to be checked out.

      Q. And are you aware that on July 26, 2011 all liens against the property
           of Mr. Duarte were released and he has title to the property?

      A. That’s not what is reflected in the HCAD records.

      Q. So the release of lien that was filed on July, in July 2011 doesn’t
            apply to Mr. Duarte?

      A. No, I’m saying if that’s accurate, that’s wonderful. I said that needs
            to be checked out. But I have a concern about that.

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      The State agreed that the lien had been released on the Duartes’ property. It

reiterated that its investigator had confirmed that the liens had been released on the

complainants’ properties.

      The trial court then noted that Gabbert had “said she was under the impression

[the Carloses] are paying rent on property they own.”          The State’s attorney

responded, “I’m not aware of any [such] arrangement.”

      Defense counsel then showed the physical lien release to the trial court for the

Carloses’ property. The court asked Gabbert whether she had any concern that the

lien release was not correct. Gabbert answered, “No, if that’s what’s recorded. I

just thought those two [the Duarte and Carlos properties] needed to be checked out.”

The trial court said, “And they were [checked out].” Gabbert agreed. Later in the

hearing, the defense offered into evidence the lien releases for the Duartes’ and

Carloses’ properties without objection from the State.

      At the end of the punishment hearing, the trial court found Flores guilty of the

offense of misapplication of fiduciary financial over $200,000, and it sentenced her

to six years in prison. Flores did not file a motion for new trial. This appeal

followed.

                              Due-Process Complaint

      In her sole issue, Flores contends her due process rights were violated because

the State failed “to correct factually false testimony during the punishment hearing.”

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See U.S. CONST. amend. XIV. Specifically, Flores asserts that Gabbert’s testimony

indicating that the Duartes and Carloses “had lost their homes in foreclosure and

were paying rent to a bank to continue to live in their homes” was false testimony.

Flores asserts that the State knew this was false testimony, had a duty to correct it,

and failed to correct it. She claims that, as a result, her due-process rights were

violated.

       Flores did not raise the due-process complaint in the trial court. The State

asserts that Flores’s failure to raise the complaint in the trial court forfeited her right

to raise the complaint on appeal. We agree with the State.

A.     Legal Principles

       A conviction procured using false testimony is a denial of the due process

guaranteed by the Federal Constitution. Ex parte Ghahremani, 332 S.W.3d 470, 477

(Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (citing Napue v. Illinois, 360 U.S. 264, 269 (1959)). The

use of false testimony at the punishment phase is also a due-process violation. Id.

(citing Estrada v. State, 313 S.W.3d 274, 288 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010)). A due-

process violation may arise not only through false testimony specifically elicited by

the State, but also may arise by the State’s failure to correct testimony it knows to

be false. Id.

       To preserve an issue for review, an appellant must present to the trial court a

timely request, objection, or motion stating the specific grounds for her complaint.

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TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. We are mindful that, when the complaint involves the falsity

of testimony, an appellant’s failure to object may be excused if she could not

reasonably have known that the testimony was false at the time it was made. See

Estrada v. State, 313 S.W.3d 274, 288 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (holding that

appellant did not waive error by failing to raise timely objection in trial court to

testimony of State’s witness, who incorrectly testified about prison classification

system at punishment phase, because appellant “could not reasonably be expected

to have known that [the witness’s] testimony was false at the time that it was made”).

However, an appellant forfeits her due-process complaint, arising from the State’s

submission of—or failure to correct—false statements, when the record shows that

she was aware of the alleged falsehoods but did not make a timely and specific

objection. See Valdez v. Texas, No. AP-77,042, 2018 WL 3046403, at *7–*8 (Tex.

Crim. App. June 20, 2018) (not designated for publication) (holding appellant

waived due-process complaint based on State’s submission of—or failure to

correct—inconsistent statements contained in admitted exhibits because appellant’s

counsel had been aware of inconsistent statements and failed to object); Haliburton

v. State, 80 S.W.3d 309, 315 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, no pet.) (holding

complaint on appeal that State’s witnesses lied under oath waived because appellant

did not object at time of testimony); see also Clark v. State, 365 S.W.3d 333, 339–

40 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012) (concluding that due-process complaint based on alleged

                                          7
prosecutorial misconduct must be raised in trial court to be preserved); Saldano v.

State, 70 S.W.3d 873, 889 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (recognizing that failure to object

during trial forfeits complaints about admissibility of evidence even when alleged

error concerns constitutional right).

B.    Analysis

      Here, Flores’s trial counsel knew that Gabbert’s complained-of testimony,

indicating that the Duartes and the Carloses were renting their respective homes from

the banks and did not have title to their respective properties, was not correct

information. The record shows that defense counsel cross-examined Gabbert about

these issues. He presented lien releases for the properties, and he questioned Gabbert

about whether she knew that the lien had been released on the Duartes’ property.

Defense counsel also asked Gabbert if she was aware that Mr. Duarte had indicated

that the only money owed to him, because of Flores’s conduct, was lost wages. And

the defense was present when the trial court questioned Gabbert about the Carloses’

lien release. Finally, defense counsel presented the lien releases to the trial court

during the exchange with Gabbert and later offered the lien releases into evidence.

      In sum, the record shows that Flores’s counsel was fully aware of the

inaccuracies in Gabbert’s testimony that now form the basis of her due-process

complaint on appeal. On these facts, we hold that Flores had a duty to raise a timely

and specific objection in the trial court to the State’s alleged failure “to correct

                                          8
factually false testimony during the punishment hearing.” Because she did not

object, Flores failed to preserve for appeal her due-process complaint based on the

State’s alleged failure to correct false testimony. Cf. Estrada, 313 S.W.3d at 288;

Saldano, 70 S.W.3d at 888–90; see Valdez, 2018 WL 3046403, at *8; see also

Broxton v. State, 909 S.W.2d 912, 918 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995) (concluding that

failure to object at trial waived federal constitutional due-process claim).

      We overrule Flores’s sole issue.

                                     Conclusion

      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                               Laura Carter Higley
                                               Justice

Panel consists of Justices Keyes, Higley, and Landau.

Do not publish. Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).

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