Court Opinion

ID: 9388008
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-19 17:00:31.600789+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:16.909840
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                       No. 19-3796
                                       __________

                                  QUINTEZ TALLEY,
                                             Appellant

                                             v.

             C/O GRIESMER; SGT. ALIMON; C/O WOODWARD; LT. KULL;
              M. NASH; JOHN E. WETZEL; C/O DALE SCHOENEBERGER;
                       PA. DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
                       ____________________________________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                         (D.C. Civil Action No. 2:19-cv-01587)
                      District Judge: Honorable Timothy J. Savage
                      ____________________________________

                  Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                  April 18, 2023
        Before: JORDAN, GREENAWAY, JR., and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges

                              (Opinion filed: April 19, 2023)
                                      ___________

                                       OPINION *
                                      ___________

PER CURIAM

*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
       Quintez Talley, a Pennsylvania prisoner, appeals pro se from orders of the United

States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania denying his motion for a

default judgment and rejecting claims that he brought in an action under the Americans

with Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and state law. For the following reasons,

we will affirm in part, vacate in part, and remand for further proceedings consistent with

this opinion.

       While Talley was housed in the Diversionary Treatment Unit at SCI Graterford, he

was provided a razor for shaving but refused to return it to prison staff. He then asserted

that he was suicidal and used the razor to cut himself. Talley claimed that the defendants,

who were aware of his threats and wounds, left him in his cell unsupervised for over an

hour. Ultimately, Talley relinquished the razor and was treated for his injuries at the

medical triage area. Later, Talley was issued a misconduct, but the hearing examiner

dismissed the charges based on a policy prohibiting punishment for engaging in self-

injurious behavior.

       Talley filed a complaint in the District Court, naming as defendants the

Pennsylvania Department of Corrections (DOC), DOC Secretary Wetzel, and several

corrections officers and medical staff. (ECF 2.) The District Court sua sponte dismissed

the claims that were brought against the DOC and the individual defendants in their

official capacities, holding that they were not “persons” subject to suit under § 1983.

(ECF 5.) The defendants then filed a motion to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil

Procedure 12(b)(6). (ECF 10.) Talley responded by filing a motion for entry of default
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judgment, arguing that the defendants’ response to the complaint was late. (ECF 14.)

The District Court denied the motion for entry of default judgment without explanation.

(ECF 15.) Thereafter, the District Court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss,

holding that, although it was unclear whether Talley exhausted administrative remedies,

his claims lacked merit. (ECF 16 & 17.) Talley timely appealed. 1 (ECF 18.)

       We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we review the order

denying Talley’s motion for default judgment for abuse of discretion. See Chamberlain

v. Giampapa, 210 F.3d 154, 164 (3d Cir. 2000). We apply the same de novo standard of

review to the grant of a motion to dismiss and to a sua sponte dismissal under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(B). See Fleisher v. Standard Ins. Co., 679 F.3d 116, 120 (3d Cir. 2012);

Allah v. Seiverling, 229 F.3d 220, 223 (3d Cir. 2000). In reviewing a dismissal under

Rule 12(b)(6), we must accept all factual allegations in the complaint as true and construe

them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. See Fleisher, 679 F.3d at 120.

       Talley challenges the District Court’s denial of his motion for entry of a default

judgment. (Doc. 31, at 7-9 of 16; Doc. 54, at 3-9 of 15.) In particular, he claims that a

1
  We note that Talley has forfeited several claims by failing to meaningfully raise them in
his “Brief in Support of Appeal” (Doc. 31), in his additional “Brief in Support of Appeal”
(Doc. 44), or in his “Supplemental Brief” (Doc. 54). See M.S. ex rel. Hall v.
Susquehanna Twp. Sch. Dist., 969 F.3d 120, 124 n.2 (3d Cir. 2020) (holding that
arguments not raised in an opening brief on appeal are forfeited); United States v.
Gonzalez, 905 F.3d 165, 206 n.18 (3d Cir. 2018) (declining to consider argument that
party sought to incorporate by reference to submissions in District Court). In particular,
Talley does not challenge the dismissal of his ADA claims, the dismissal of his challenge
to the defendants’ alleged failure to “contact psychological/psychiatric personnel capable
of evaluating [him],” and the dismissal of his state law breach of contract claim.
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default judgment was warranted because the defendants “filed their Rule 12(b)(6) motion

to dismiss … three days beyond their deadline to file such a motion.” (Doc. 54, at 6 of

15.) Although the District Court provided no explanation for the denial of Talley’s

motion for default judgment, we may affirm on any basis supported by the record. See

Murray v. Bledsoe, 650 F.3d 246, 247 (3d Cir. 2011) (per curiam). “Three factors

control whether a default judgment should be granted: (1) prejudice to the plaintiff if

default is denied, (2) whether the defendant appears to have a litigable defense, and (3)

whether defendant’s delay is due to culpable conduct.” Chamberlain, 210 F.3d at 164

(citing United States v. $55,518.05 in U.S. Currency, 728 F.2d 192, 195 (3d Cir. 1984)).

We do not favor entry of default or default judgments and prefer that cases are decided on

their merits. See $55,518.05 in U.S. Currency, 728 F.2d at 194-95. Here, Talley did not

show any prejudice from the defendants’ short delay in responding to his complaint or

any culpable conduct by the defendants. In addition, as explained below, the defendants

had a meritorious defense to at least some of Talley’s claims. Thus, the District Court did

not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for a default judgment. See Chamberlain,

210 F.3d at 164.

       The District Court also properly dismissed Talley’s § 1983 claims for monetary

damages against the DOC and the individual defendants in their official capacities. See

Lavia v. Pa., Dep’t of Corr., 224 F.3d 190, 195 (3d Cir. 2000); A.W. v. Jersey City Pub.

Schs., 341 F.3d 234, 238 (3d Cir. 2003) (noting that “[a] state is generally entitled to

immunity in federal court from suits by private parties,” and this protection extends to
                                              4
“state officials sued in their official capacities for monetary damages”). Talley correctly

notes that official capacity claims requesting prospective injunctive relief are not barred

by sovereign immunity. See Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908). But Talley did not

ask for injunctive relief in his complaint’s “Prayer for Relief.”

       We also discern no error in the District Court’s denial of Talley’s claims under the

Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges and Immunities and Due Process Clauses. The

Privileges and Immunities Clause is inapplicable to Talley’s assertion that he was treated

differently than inmates without mental illnesses. See Mich. Corr. Org. v. Mich. Dep’t of

Corr., 774 F.3d 895, 902 (6th Cir. 2014) (stating that “[i]n its current incarnation, the

[Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges and Immunities] Clause protects only ‘fundamental’

rights of national citizenship”). In addition, Talley failed to state a due process claim

based on the misconduct charges. The filing of false disciplinary charges does not violate

the Constitution as long as the inmate was granted a hearing and an opportunity to rebut

the charges. Smith v. Mensinger, 293 F.3d 641, 653-54 (3d Cir. 2002). Here, Talley had

a disciplinary hearing, he pleaded not guilty based on his self-injurious behavior, the

charges were dismissed, and he received no punishment. Thus, his due process rights

were not violated. See Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 563-67 (1974) (due process

requires inmate receive advance written notice of disciplinary charges, an opportunity to

present a defense, and an explanation for the decision).

       We conclude, however, that the District Court erred in dismissing Talley’s claim

that the defendants violated the Eighth Amendment by leaving him unsupervised for over
                                              5
an hour with a razor after he had cut himself and threatened suicide. To state an Eighth

Amendment claim based on deliberate indifference to the risk of suicide or self-harm, the

plaintiff must allege facts supporting plausible inferences “(1) that the individual had a

particular vulnerability to suicide, meaning that there was a ‘strong likelihood, rather than

a mere possibility,’ that a suicide would be attempted; (2) that the prison official knew or

should have known of the individual’s particular vulnerability; and (3) that the official

acted with reckless or deliberate indifference, meaning something beyond mere

negligence, to the individual’s particular vulnerability.” Palakovic v. Wetzel, 854 F.3d

209, 223-24 (3d Cir. 2017). Talley alleged that he told various prison officials that he

was suicidal. (ECF 2, at ¶ 12, 15-16.) He also claimed that prison officials knew that he

was using a razor to cut himself. (ECF 2, at ¶ 13, 18, 21.) Nevertheless, according to

Talley, the prison officials “left him in his cell unsupervised for over an hour ….” (ECF

2, at ¶ 14, 32.)

       Drawing all reasonable inferences in Talley’s favor, we conclude that these

allegations are sufficient to state a claim for deliberate indifference to serious medical

needs. See Estate of Novack ex rel. Turbin v. County of Wood, 226 F.3d 525, 529 (7th

Cir. 2000) (stating that “a prison official must be cognizant of the significant likelihood

that an inmate may imminently seek to take his own life and must fail to take reasonable

steps to prevent the inmate from performing this act” (citations omitted)); cf. Lemire v.

Cal. Dep’t of Corrs. & Rehab., 726 F.3d 1062, 1078-79 (9th Cir. 2013) (holding that

there was a triable issue on deliberate indifference where defendants had a duty to
                                              6
prevent suicides but left plaintiff unmonitored for three-and-a-half hours). The District

Court concluded that Talley’s claim of being left unsupervised after cutting himself was

contradicted by his allegations that prison personnel attempted to coax the razor from

him. (ECF 16, at 10.) To the extent that any such contradiction exists, the District Court

improperly resolved it in the defendants’ favor at the motion to dismiss stage without

providing Talley with leave to amend. See In re Stone & Webster, Inc., Sec. Litig., 414

F.3d 187, 200 (1st Cir. 2005) (“We recognize that in assessing a motion to dismiss for

insufficient pleading, we must read the Complaint in the manner most favorable to the

plaintiff, drawing reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor, … and that inconsistent

pleading does not deprive the pleader of the right to have the complaint read, as between

the inconsistencies, in the manner that supports the adequacy of the pleading.”); see also

Grayson v. Mayview State Hosp., 293 F.3d 103, 111 (3d Cir. 2002).

       For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm in part, vacate in part, and remand for

further proceedings consistent with this opinion. 2

2
  Talley’s Motion for Remand (Doc. 27) and Motion for Oral Argument (Doc. 59) are
denied. Talley has also filed a “Motion to Enforce Waiver,” which we will treat as his
reply brief, as he requests. (Doc. 62, at 1 n.1.) Any other relief requested in the Motion to
Enforce Waiver is denied.
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