Court Opinion

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Opinions of the United
2007 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

4-16-2007

Bray v. Pharmacia Corp
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 06-2038

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Recommended Citation
"Bray v. Pharmacia Corp" (2007). 2007 Decisions. Paper 1292.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2007/1292

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                                                                  NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                       No. 06-2038

                                     LINDA BRAY,
                                         Appellant

                                            v.

                         PHARMACIA CORP./PFIZER, INC.;
                         FRANK ESTRADA; STACY FRANK;
                          LLOYD SANDERS, as individuals

                      Appeal from the United States District Court
                               for the District of New Jersey
                               (D.C. Civil No. 04-cv-02296)
                      District Judge: Honorable Anne E. Thompson

                       Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                   March 26, 2007

             Before: RENDELL, BARRY and CHAGARES, Circuit Judges

                                 (Filed: April 16, 2007)

                               OPINION OF THE COURT

RENDELL, Circuit Judge.

       Appellant Linda Bray appeals from the March 1, 2006 Order of the United States

District Court for the District of New Jersey granting Appellee Pfizer’s motion for

summary judgment with respect to Bray’s claims for sexual discrimination in violation of
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (“Title VII”), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5, et seq.;

disability discrimination in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

(“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. § 12101, et seq.; and age discrimination in violation of the Age

Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”), 29 U.S.C. § 621, et seq. Additionally,

Bray appeals from the District Court’s grant of summary judgment for Pfizer with respect

to Bray’s state common law claims for intentional infliction of emotional distress, tortious

interference with economic gain and negligent hiring and supervision.1 We will affirm

the Order of the District Court.

                                             I.

       Linda Bray began her employment with Pfizer as a pharmaceutical sales person in

1986. Throughout her employment, Bray was responsible for selling pharmaceutical

products to physicians within a designated geographic area in Florida and appears to have

been successful in this capacity for most of her tenure. However, Bray’s experience with

the company worsened in August 2000, when she began reporting to a new District

Manager, Frank Estrada, and worsened further in January 2001, when Pfizer made her

responsible for selling a colorectal cancer drug with which she was not previously

familiar. Over the course of the following year, both Bray’s sales and her relationship

 1
   The District Court concluded that Bray’s state law claims are governed by the common
law of Florida. Indeed, this choice of law determination gave rise to the District Court’s
dismissal of Bray’s additional claims under the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination
(“LAD”), N.J.S.A. 10:5-1, et seq. Because Bray does not dispute that Florida law
governs this case, she has not appealed the District Court’s dismissal of her New Jersey
state law claims. We will also apply Florida law.

                                             2
with Estrada suffered. For instance, Bray alleges that Estrada often ignored her, failed to

invite her to meals with other co-workers and frequently chastised her in public. In

February 2002, Estrada placed Bray on a “Performance Improvement Plan” (“PIP”), a

program designed by Pfizer to help struggling sales people improve their performance.

Bray strongly disagreed that a PIP was warranted and, in a March 2002 letter to Estrada’s

superiors, alleged that Estrada had placed her on the PIP because of her age. Officials

from Pfizer’s Human Resources department conducted a formal investigation into Bray’s

claim, but concluded that it was unfounded. Estrada left the company soon after, in July

2002.

        On August 16, 2002, Bray took short-term disability leave for a heart condition.

She remained on leave for several months and, on February 14, 2002, Pfizer converted

Bray’s leave from short- to long-term disability. During the period of her leave, Bray did

not report to work and, generally, was not involved in the day-to-day activities associated

with her employment. On March 3, 2003, Richard Stein, Estrada’s successor as Bray’s

supervisor, met with Bray and requested that she hand in various items of Pfizer property

(e.g., a company credit card, computer equipment, sales records, etc.) that, while on leave,

she was not using. Bray was clearly upset by this meeting and describes it as a

“termination,” although she does not dispute that she continued to receive Pfizer

disability benefits through May 2, 2005.

        On September 22, 2003, Bray filed a complaint with the Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”), alleging that Pfizer had discriminated against her on

                                             3
account of her age (56, upon the date of her EEOC filing), her sex and her disability (the

heart condition). On February 11, 2004, the EEOC dismissed Bray’s charge. Soon after,

on May 13, 2004, Bray commenced this action in the District of New Jersey, alleging the

theories described above, against Estrada, Pfizer and two Pfizer employees involved in

investigating Bray’s claims.2

                                             II.

       At the conclusion of extensive discovery, Pfizer moved for summary judgment on

the grounds that Bray failed to timely file her EEOC complaint within the statutory period

and, therefore, that her claims under Title VII, the ADA and the ADEA could not go

forward. The District Court agreed.3

       As Bray readily concedes, “[e]mployees filing a discrimination lawsuit pursuant to

Title VII, ADA or ADEA must [first] file a discrimination charge with the EEOC within

300 days of the challenged employment action.” Brief for App. at 29. The dispute, in

this case, is the date from which this 300-day period began to run.

       Both parties agree that, if the last allegedly discriminatory act occurred around the

time of Bray’s last day of work, prior to her taking leave in August 2002, or around the

time of Estrada’a last day of work, in July 2002, Bray’s September 2003 EEOC complaint

 2
  The District Court dismissed Estrada as a defendant for lack of personal jurisdiction.
Bray has not appealed this ruling to us.
 3
  “We have jurisdiction to review a final decision of the District Court pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 1291. A district court’s grant of summary judgment is reviewed de novo.”
Yurecka v. Zappala, 472 F.3d 59, 62 (3d Cir. 2006).

                                             4
was well beyond the 300-day limit. However, Bray argues that the March 2003 meeting

with Stein was the last in a series of related discriminatory acts and that, therefore, under

the “continuous violations doctrine,” see, e.g., Nat’l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536
U.S. 101, 105 (2002), Bray’s EEOC complaint relates back to all of the previous

discriminatory actions taken by Estrada and Pfizer. Pfizer, on the other hand, argues that

there was nothing discriminatory about the March 2003 meeting and that, because Bray

did not file her EEOC claim within 300 days of any of the discriminatory actions Bray

alleges to have suffered, she may not now maintain her claims in court.

       In reaching this argument, the District Court rejected Bray’s contention that the

March 2003 meeting with Stein constituted a discriminatory action and concluded that

Bray’s “date of completing this experience of discrimination as she viewed it was clearly

August of 2002. There’s no way to make it 2003.” Appendix at 40. Additionally, the

Court concluded that “when [Bray] went out on short-term disability in August [2002],

her experience of discrimination as she saw it was complete.” Id. Having reviewed the

record, we see no reason to disturb this conclusion. Bray has simply not sufficiently

demonstrated how the March 2003 meeting with Stein was discriminatory or adverse.

Although Bray maintains that the meeting constituted a discriminatory “termination,” she

cannot account for the fact that she continued to receive benefits from Pfizer for a period

of over two years after the meeting occurred. Moreover, Bray has put forward nothing

specific even to describe, let alone to sufficiently allege, how the meeting was

discriminatory in nature. Therefore, we will affirm the District Court’s ruling that Bray’s

                                              5
claims under Title VII, the ADA and the ADEA must be dismissed because her EEOC

filing was outside the 300-day window.

                                             III.

       Bray also appeals from the District Court’s dismissal of her Florida law claims for

intentional infliction of emotional distress, tortious interference with contract and

negligent hiring and supervision. With respect to these claims, the District Court

concluded that there “was no outrageous conduct such to make out the . . . emotional

distress [claim]. There was no conduct that would make out tortious interference with

economic advantage.” Appendix at 41. Additionally, the Court held that it could not “see

how there could possibly be . . . a negligent hiring claim here” and that it would be

“irresponsible” to let it continue. Id.

       Having reviewed the record, we again agree with the District Court that these

claims must fail. Although, if established, Bray’s allegations about Estrada’s behavior

would certainly establish that he was rude and inconsiderate, they simply do not rise to

the level of outrageousness necessary under Florida law to maintain an action for

intentional infliction of emotional distress. With respect to her tortious interference

claim, Bray does not explain how, under Florida law, she can maintain such an action

when the party alleged to have interfered (here Pfizer) was itself a party to the

relationship. Indeed, Bray does not cite to even one Florida case setting forth the

contours of this novel theory. Finally, we have considered Bray’s claim for negligent

hiring and find it meritless.

                                              6
                                     IV.

For these reasons, we will affirm the Order of the District Court.

                                      7