Court Opinion

ID: 4331993
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-14 00:28:30.913832+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:34:50.261439
License: Public Domain

111 T.C. No. 14

                     UNITED STATES TAX COURT

    HALLMARK CARDS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES, Petitioner
         v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent

     Docket No. 27306-92.              Filed October 30, 1998.

          In a decision which has become final, this Court
     determined that P had an overpayment of Federal income
     tax for the taxable year 1987, due to a foreign tax
     carryback from 1989. Prior to the application of the
     carryback, P had a deficiency for 1987. P filed a
     timely motion to redetermine interest under sec.
     7481(c), I.R.C. Thereafter, P filed a motion for leave
     to withdraw its earlier motion on jurisdictional
     grounds. Held, this Court has jurisdiction over P's
     motion to redetermine interest. Held, further, the
     exercise of such jurisdiction is mandatory, and, thus,
     P's motion to withdraw is denied. Held, further, P's
     motion to redetermine interest is denied. Intel Corp.
     & Consol. Subs. v. Commissioner, 111 T.C. 90 (1998).

     Jerome B. Libin, James V. Heffernan, Bradley M. Seltzer, and

James B. Overman, for petitioner.

     Michael L. Boman, for respondent.
                                   - 2 -

                                  OPINION

        TANNENWALD, Judge:    On January 28, 1997, the Court entered a

decision in the instant case, which became final within the

meaning of section 7481(a)1 on April 28, 1997.      On March 26,

1998, petitioner timely filed a motion under section 7481(c) and

Rule 261 to redetermine interest on deficiency for the taxable

year 1987 (motion to redetermine interest).       Subsequently, on

August 27, 1998, petitioner filed a motion for leave to withdraw

motion to redetermine interest on deficiency (motion to

withdraw).       Petitioner filed its motion to withdraw in order to

pursue remedies in another forum, citing concerns about this

Court's jurisdiction to redetermine interest under the facts of

the instant case.

     Petitioner is a corporation whose principal offices were in

Kansas City, Missouri, at the time its petition was filed.         The

Court's decision, pursuant to the stipulation of the parties,

determined that there were overpayments for each of the taxable

years 1987 and 1988.       According to the stipulation, the

overpayment for 1987 was due to a foreign tax carryback from

1989.       The amount of the carryback exceeded the amount of the

deficiency (as shown in the stipulation) computed without taking

such foreign tax carryback into effect.       Petitioner has paid the

        1
        Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to
the Internal Revenue Code as amended, and all Rule references are
to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.
                               - 3 -

unreduced deficiency and the interest thereon.     Respondent has

refunded the 1987 overpayment resulting from the carryback, a

portion of overpayment interest thereon, and a portion of

previously assessed deficiency interest for that year.

     Petitioner's motion to redetermine interest alleges that

respondent erred in computing interest on that portion of the

previously existing deficiency that was satisfied by the

application of the foreign tax carryback.     Respondent computed

interest on such deficiency during the period beginning with the

due date for petitioner's 1987 tax return and ending with the due

date of the 1989 return, March 15, 1990.     It is petitioner's

position that, in any event, interest on the deficiency should

stop accruing as of December 31, 1989, the end of the taxable

year in which the carryback arose.     Petitioner's position on

these issues is identical to that of the taxpayer in Intel Corp.

& Consol. Subs. v. Commissioner, 111 T.C. 90 (1998), in which we

denied the taxpayer's motion to redetermine interest.

     Petitioner adopts an indecisive approach to support its

motion to withdraw.   Thus, it does not directly seek to persuade

us to decide that we do not have jurisdiction, apparently

assuming that we would decide the issue unfavorably to

petitioner, see Bankamerica Corp. v. Commissioner, 109 T.C. 1, 7

(1997).   Further, it is apparent that petitioner's concern over

our jurisdiction became a critical element in petitioner's

strategy only after our decision in Intel Corp. & Consol. Subs.
                               - 4 -

v. Commissioner, supra.   Petitioner obviously assumes that we

would deny its motion to redetermine interest on the authority of

that case.   It seeks to avoid this result by suggesting in its

motion to withdraw that the Court of Appeals for the Eighth

Circuit, to which an appeal of this case would lie, would hold

that we did not have jurisdiction over petitioner's motion to

redetermine interest, at a time when a remedy in another forum

might be barred by the 2-year period of limitations on suits for

refund after a denial by respondent of the claim for refund.2

With due regard for petitioner's resourcefulness in seeking to

avoid adverse precedent in this case, for the reasons hereinafter

stated, we are not persuaded to follow its blandishments.    In

reaching this conclusion, we note that any question as to our

jurisdiction existed at the time the motion to redetermine

interest herein was filed, and if, indeed, it presented as

serious a problem as petitioner now seeks to portray, petitioner

should not have filed such motion in the first place, but rather

should have sought relief from one of the other forums to which

it now seeks to go.

     2
        Petitioner does not elaborate on this assertion.
However, it would appear to rest on the prohibition set forth in
sec. 6512(a) against bringing a suit for refund while a
proceeding is pending in this Court with the result that any suit
for refund would be dismissed, exposing petitioner to the running
of the 2-year period of limitations on any subsequent suit for
such refund instituted after action by the Court of Appeals for
the Eighth Circuit.
                               - 5 -

     At the outset, we are constrained to observe that we cannot

accept petitioner's invitation to leave open the question of our

jurisdiction of its motion to redetermine interest under section

7481(c).   Even where the parties fail to raise the issue, we are

required to resolve a question as to our jurisdiction on our own

initiative.   Powell v. Commissioner, 96 T.C. 709, 710 (1991).

     We turn first to the scope of section 7481(c), which

currently provides:

           (c) Jurisdiction Over Interest Determinations.--

                (1) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection
           (a), if, within 1 year after the date the decision
           of the Tax Court becomes final under subsection
           (a) in a case to which this subsection applies,
           the taxpayer files a motion in the Tax Court for a
           redetermination of the amount of interest
           involved, then the Tax Court may reopen the case
           solely to determine whether the taxpayer has made
           an overpayment of such interest or the Secretary
           has made an underpayment of such interest and the
           amount thereof.

                (2) Cases to which this subsection applies.--
           This subsection shall apply where--

                     (A)(i) an assessment has been made by
                the Secretary under section 6215 which
                includes interest as imposed by this title,
                and

                     (ii) the taxpayer has paid the entire
                amount of the deficiency plus interest
                claimed by the Secretary, and

                     (B) the Tax Court finds under section
                6512(b) that the taxpayer has made an
                overpayment.

                (3) Special rules.--If the Tax Court
           determines under this subsection that the taxpayer
           has made an overpayment of interest or that the
                              - 6 -

          Secretary has made an underpayment of interest,
          then that determination shall be treated under
          section 6512(b)(1) as a determination of an
          overpayment of tax. An order of the Tax Court
          redetermining interest, when entered upon the
          records of the court, shall be reviewable in the
          same manner as a decision of the Tax Court.

Section 7481(c) was amended by the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997

(the amendment), Pub. L. 105-34, sec. 1452, 111 Stat. 1054,

effective on the date of enactment, August 5, 1997.   Prior to the

amendment, section 7481(c) read:

          (c) Jurisdiction Over Interest Determinations.--
     Notwithstanding subsection (a), if--

               (1) an assessment has been made by the
          Secretary under section 6215 which includes
          interest as imposed by this title,

               (2) the taxpayer has paid the entire amount
          of the deficiency plus interest claimed by the
          Secretary, and

               (3) within 1 year after the date the decision
          of the Tax Court becomes final under subsection
          (a), the taxpayer files a petition in the Tax
          Court for a determination that the amount of
          interest claimed by the Secretary exceeds the
          amount of interest imposed by this title,

     then the Tax Court may reopen the case solely to
     determine whether the taxpayer has made an overpayment
     of such interest and the amount of any such
     overpayment. * * *

     Specifically, petitioner argues that, since the decision in

this case became final under section 7481(a) prior to the

amendment, the earlier version of section 7481(c) applies, and

such version may be viewed as giving this Court jurisdiction to

determine interest only where a deficiency is assessed under
                               - 7 -

section 6215.   Because our decision in this case did not

determine any deficiency for 1987, no deficiency was assessed

under section 6215, and therefore, petitioner argues, the Court

may not have jurisdiction under the earlier version of section

7481(c).

     As indicated, the amendment has an effective date of

August 5, 1997.   Unlike some statutory amendments, the effective

date is not tied to a specific event.3   Although the decision in

this case became final under section 7481(a) before the effective

date, the motion to redetermine interest was filed after the

effective date.   Thus, at the time of filing the motion to

redetermine interest, the Court's jurisdiction undoubtedly

extended to interest where the Court's decision on its face has

determined only an overpayment, as is the case herein.

     Aside from the effective date issue, we do not share

petitioner's concern as to our jurisdiction because no deficiency

was determined by this Court and assessed pursuant to section

6215 as provided in section 7481(c)(1) as it existed prior to the

amendment.

     Section 6215 provides in pertinent part:

     3
        Cf., e.g., Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of
1988 (TAMRA), Pub. L. 100-647, sec. 6246, 102 Stat. 3751
(jurisdiction to review interest assessed on deficiency
determined by the Tax Court effective with assessments made after
date of enactment); TAMRA, sec. 6247, 102 Stat. 3751
(jurisdiction to reopen estate tax cases to determine deduction
for interest paid on installments of taxes effective for cases
for which the decision is not final on date of enactment).
                                 - 8 -

     SEC. 6215.     ASSESSMENT OF DEFICIENCY FOUND BY TAX
                  COURT.

          (a) General Rule.--If the taxpayer files a
     petition with the Tax Court, the entire amount
     redetermined as the deficiency by the decision of the
     Tax Court which has become final shall be assessed and
     shall be paid upon notice and demand * * *

     It cannot be gainsaid that, on its face, our decision herein

did not determine a deficiency for 1987 and that consequently no

deficiency as determined by the Court was assessed.     In this

narrow context, it can be argued that the literal language of

section 7481(c)(1) has not been satisfied.    We are satisfied that

section 7481(c)(1) should not be given such a narrow

interpretation.    This case originally involved a deficiency

notice for 1987, and the stipulated settlement which formed the

basis of our decision reflected a deficiency, albeit that it was

wiped out by the application of the 1989 foreign tax carryback.

Indeed, if there had not been a deficiency for 1987, there could

have been no basis for the assessment of deficiency interest by

respondent.   The fact is that a deficiency was the underpinning

for our determination of the amount of the 1987 overpayment.

Under these circumstances, we are satisfied that the requirements

of section 7481(c)(1) have been met.4    Bankamerica Corp. v.

Commissioner, 109 T.C. 7.

     4
        We would reach the same conclusion if the current version
(sec. 7481(c)(2)(A)(i)), containing identical language, were
found to be applicable.
                               - 9 -

     Having decided that we have jurisdiction over petitioner's

motion to redetermine interest, we turn to the question whether

to grant or deny petitioner's motion to withdraw such motion.

Respondent argues that, if our jurisdiction attaches, we must

exercise that jurisdiction and cannot grant petitioner's motion

to withdraw.

     During the pendency of a case in this Court, our

jurisdiction is exclusive and, with a few exceptions, another

proceeding may not be commenced or, if already commenced, is

stayed.   Secs. 6213(a), 6512(a), 7422(e).   Filing a petition in

this Court that is properly subject to our jurisdiction precludes

the taxpayer from later bringing a refund suit for the same type

of tax for the same taxable period.    Sec. 6512(a); Estate of Ming

v. Commissioner, 62 T.C. 519, 521 (1974) (quoting Dorl v.

Commissioner, 57 T.C. 720, 721-722 (1972)).    It is well settled

that, when the jurisdiction of this Court is properly invoked by

the filing of a valid petition to redetermine a deficiency, we

cannot refuse to exercise that jurisdiction.    Coninck v.

Commissioner, 100 T.C. 495, 498 (1993); cf. sec. 7459(d).

     The question before us is the extent to which the foregoing

principles should apply to a motion to redetermine interest under

section 7481(c).   Section 6512(a) provides in pertinent part:

     If the Secretary has mailed to the taxpayer a notice of
     deficiency under section 6212(a) (relating to
     deficiencies of income, estate, gift, and certain
     excise taxes) and if the taxpayer files a petition with
     the Tax Court within the time prescribed in section
                              - 10 -

     6213(a) (or 7481(c) with respect to a determination of
     statutory interest or section 7481(d) solely with
     respect to a determination of estate tax by the Tax
     Court), no credit or refund of income tax for the same
     taxable year, * * * to which such petition relates, in
     respect of which the Secretary has determined the
     deficiency shall be allowed or made and no suit by the
     taxpayer for the recovery of any part of the tax shall
     be instituted in any court * * * [Emphasis added.]

     We think it significant that Congress, in enacting section

7481(c) in 1988, saw fit specifically to include action under

that section in section 6512(a).5   In so doing, Congress voiced

its belief that the impact, in respect of a motion to redetermine

interest, should be the same as that in respect of a petition to

redetermine a deficiency.   In Estate of Ming v. Commissioner,

supra (which involved a motion to withdraw), and Dorl v.

Commissioner, supra (which involved a motion for removal to a

District Court), we expressly rested our decision on our

inability to renounce jurisdiction under section 6512(a).   Such

being the case, we conclude that, since we have jurisdiction over

petitioner's motion to redetermine interest under section

7481(c), we must dispose of it on the merits.   It is that task to

which we now turn.

     As stated above, the issues are the same as those involved

in Intel Corp. & Consol. Subs. v. Commissioner, 111 T.C. 90

(1998).   For the reasons stated in our opinion in that case, we

     5
        TAMRA, sec. 6246(b)(1), 102 Stat. 3751. Although the
amendment of sec. 7481(c) changed the word "petition" to
"motion", sec. 6512(a) was not similarly amended.
                             - 11 -

hold that interest accrues on petitioner's deficiency expunged by

a later foreign tax carryback and does so until the due date of

the return for the taxable year from which the carryback arises,

rather than only until the end of the taxable year in which the

carryback arose.

     Petitioner's motion to withdraw its motion to redetermine

interest and its motion for such redetermination will be denied.

                                        An appropriate order will

                                   be entered.