Court Opinion

ID: 4694350
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-06-10 16:14:52.216305+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:05:28.784384
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Kennedy v. Stadtlander, 2021-Ohio-1954.]

                              COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                             EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

PATRICK X. KENNEDY,                                 :

                Plaintiff-Appellee,                 :
                                                          No. 109880
                v.                                  :

GEORGE J. STADTLANDER, ET AL.,                      :

                Defendants-Appellants.              :

                               JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

                JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
                RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: June 10, 2021

            Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                Case No. CV-20-932307

                                           Appearances:

                Morganstern, MacAdams & DeVito Co., L.P.A., and
                Christopher M. DeVito, for appellee.

                Meyers, Roman, Friedberg & Lewis and Peter Turner, for
                appellants George J. Stadtlander and the Stadtlander
                Family Trust.

                Wargo Co., L.P.A., and Thomas M. Wilson, for appellant
                Consoliplex Holding, L.L.C.

LARRY A. JONES, SR., P.J.:

                  Defendants-appellants, George Stadtlander, the Stadtlander Family

Trust (the “Trust”), and Consoliplex Holding (“Consoliplex”) (collectively referred
to as “Appellants”) appeal the trial court’s denial of their joint motion to compel

arbitration. Finding merit to the appeal, we reverse.

                                   Background

              Plaintiff-appellee, Patrick Kennedy (“Kennedy”), is a minority

shareholder in Consoliplex, a company that manages health plans. Stadtlander is

the sole manager of Consoliplex.     The Trust is a revocable trust controlled by

Stadtlander and his wife, Carolyn Stadtlander, as co-trustees. The company was

formed in 2012.     In 2014, Kennedy and Stadtlander executed an Operating

Agreement (“Agreement”).      At the time, Kennedy was the company’s project

manager; in 2017, he became chief operating officer.          In 2019, Stadtlander

transferred his interest in Consoliplex to the Trust and the Trust became the

majority shareholder. Kennedy, as minority shareholder, owned 30 to 35 percent

of the company, an amount that is in dispute.

              In December 2019, Consoliplex terminated Kennedy’s employment.

Under the terms of the Agreement, Kennedy requested to audit the company’s

books and records and exercise his option to sell stock, but Appellants refused his

requests.   Appellants initiated a dispute resolution process and the parties

proceeded to mediation. Mediation was unsuccessful; on April 20, 2020, the

parties served notices on each other demanding arbitration.

              Kennedy’s demand for arbitration stated:

      Notice of Demand for Binding Arbitration

      ***
      This letter confirms the timely exercise by the minority shareholder
      Patrick X. Kennedy (“Mr. Kennedy”) of his demand for binding
      arbitration under Section 12.2 of the * * * Agreement * * * .

      I am selecting Mr. Michael Ungar as the mutually agreed upon
      arbitrator, pursuant to Section 12.2(b), because your counsel
      suggested he serve in this capacity, arranged an initial telephone
      conference with my attorney on Friday April 3, 2020, and Mr. Ungar
      agreed he would be available to act as the arbitrator in this dispute
      between the parties.

      The following claims (i.e. including but not limited to breach of
      fiduciary duty, failing to act in good faith, an accounting, breach of the
      Operating Agreement, violation of the Ohio Revised Code, unjust
      enrichment, and conversion of dividends and other assets) were
      previously mediated, or attempted to be mediated, on March 24,
      2020, * * * without any resolution and are now subject to this timely
      demand for binding arbitration as follows:

      Breech [sic] of your fiduciary duty and obligation of good faith to the
      minority member of the Company, while acting as the sole manager
      and majority member, by failing to allow access and refusing to
      provide financial and business records to the minority member as
      expressly required under the terms of the Operating Agreement.

       ***
April 20, 2020 Demand for Arbitration letter.

              Kennedy also filed two separate lawsuits. On April 1, 2020, in C.P.

No. CV-20-931619, Kennedy filed an action for declaratory judgment, breach of

contract, breach of the implied duty of good faith, wrongful termination,

conversion of stock interests, civil conspiracy, legal malpractice, and tortious

interference. In March 2021, the trial court ordered the nonattorney parties to

arbitrate the majority of the claims and stayed the rest of the claims pending

arbitration; the case is currently on appeal. See Kennedy v. Stadtlander, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 110416.
               On May 4, 2020, Kennedy filed the complaint in the instant case,

seeking a declaratory judgment that he is entitled to inspect and audit

Consoliplex’s books and records pursuant to the Agreement, specific performance

to provide access to inspect and audit the books and records, a mandatory

injunction to provide the same access, “reasonable attorney’s fees, litigation

expenses, and court costs,” statutory damages, and bad faith damages of attorney

fees.

               Appellants moved to compel arbitration and stay the case pending

arbitration. Kennedy objected, and the trial court held a hearing on the matter. In

August 2020, the trial court denied Appellants’ motion to compel arbitration.

Appellants filed this appeal, raising the following assignments of error, which we

consider together:

        I. The trial court erred when it denied Appellants’ Joint Motion for
        Order Compelling Arbitration and Staying Case Pending Arbitration.

        II. The trial court erred when it determined, under the circumstances
        presented herein, that the Specific Performance provision of the
        Consoliplex Holding, LLC Operating Agreement effectively nullified
        the mandatory binding arbitration provision of the Consoliplex
        Holding, LLC Operating Agreement.

                       Arbitration ─ Standard of Review

               Ohio recognizes a “strong public policy” in favor of arbitration and

the enforcement of arbitration provisions. Hayes v. Oakridge Home, 122 Ohio

St.3d 63, 2009-Ohio-2054, 908 N.E.2d 408, ¶ 15; Taylor Bldg. Corp. of Am. v.

Benfield, 117 Ohio St.3d 352, 2008-Ohio-938, 884 N.E.2d 12, ¶ 24; R.C.

2711.01(A). When ruling on a motion to compel arbitration, however, the “proper
focus” is on whether the parties actually agreed to arbitrate the matter at issue, i.e.,

the language and scope of the arbitration provision, not the general policies of the

arbitration statutes. Taylor v. Ernst & Young, L.L.P., 130 Ohio St.3d 411, 2011-

Ohio-5262, 958 N.E.2d 1203, ¶ 20.

               A “presumption favoring arbitration” arises when a claim in dispute

“falls within the scope of the arbitration provision.” Williams v. Aetna Fin. Co., 83

Ohio St.3d 464, 471, 700 N.E.2d 859 (1998); Taylor Bldg. at ¶ 27; Natale v. Frantz

Ward, L.L.P., 2018-Ohio-1412, 110 N.E.3d 829, ¶ 9 (8th Dist.). Although a party

cannot be compelled to arbitrate a dispute the party has not agreed to submit to

arbitration, Council of Smaller Ent. v. Gates, McDonald & Co., 80 Ohio St.3d 661,

665, 687 N.E.2d 1352 (1998), “[a]ny doubts regarding arbitrability should be

resolved in favor of arbitration.” Natale at id., citing Academy of Medicine of

Cincinnati v. Aetna Health, Inc., 108 Ohio St.3d 185, 2006-Ohio-657, 842 N.E.2d

488, ¶ 14.

               This court applies an abuse of discretion standard when addressing

whether a trial court has properly granted a motion to stay litigation pending

arbitration. Seyfried v. O'Brien, 2017-Ohio-286, 81 N.E.3d 961, ¶ 18 (8th Dist.),

citing McCaskey v. Sanford-Brown College, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97261, 2012-

Ohio-1543, ¶ 7. This court applies a de novo standard of review, however, when

reviewing the scope of an arbitration agreement, that is, whether a party has

agreed to submit a certain issue to arbitration. Seyfried at id., citing McCaskey at

id. When determining whether a party has agreed to arbitrate, a trial court applies
ordinary principles of contract formation. Seyfried at id.; see also Palumbo v.

Select Mgt. Holdings, Inc., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 82900, 2003-Ohio-6045, ¶ 18

(“The question whether the parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute is * * * a

matter of contract. The terms of a contract are a question of fact.”). Any doubts

concerning the scope of arbitrable issues should be resolved in favor of arbitration.

Moses H. Cone Mem. Hosp. v. Mercury Constr. Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 24-25, 103 S.Ct.

927, 74 L.Ed.2d 765 (1983).

Agreement

              The Agreement contained the following dispute resolution clause:

      Section 12 Dispute Resolution

      (a) Any claims or disputes arising out of this Agreement (“Claims”),
      shall be subject to mediation.

      ***

       Section 12.2 Binding Arbitration

      (a) Any Claim arising out of or related to this Agreement, within thirty
      (30) days after submission of the Claim to the Mediator * * * shall be
      subject to arbitration. Prior to arbitration, the parties shall endeavor
      to resolve disputes by mediation in accordance with the provisions of
      Section 12.1.

      (b) Claims not resolved by mediation shall be decided by private
      arbitration * * *.

              The Agreement also contained a Specific Performance clause, which

Kennedy argues governs his demand to audit Consoliplex’s books and records:

      15.11 Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction

      The laws of the State of Ohio, without regard to its laws of conflicts,
      will govern the validity of this Agreement, the construction of its
      terms, and the interpretation of the rights and duties of the Members.
      Each Member hereby consents to the jurisdiction of any state or
      federal court located in the State of Ohio for purposes of the
      enforcement of this Agreement and waives personal service and all
      process. Each Member waives any objection to venue of any action
      instituted under this Agreement.

      15.12 Specific Performance

      The parties acknowledge that it is impossible to measure, in money,
      the damages that will accrue to a party or to the personal
      representative of a decedent from a failure of a party to perform any of
      the obligations under this Agreement. Therefore, if any party or the
      personal representative or executor of any party enters into any action
      or proceeding to enforce the provisions of this Agreement, any Person
      (including the Company) against whom the action or proceeding is
      brought waives the claim or defense that the moving party or
      representative has or will have an adequate remedy at law, and the
      Person will not urge in the action or proceeding the claim or defense
      that an adequate remedy at law exists.

Did the Parties Agree to Arbitrate their Claims?

              Appellants contend that all claims stemming from the Agreement,

including those in Kennedy’s complaint, are subject to arbitration. The trial court

disagreed:

      The arbitration clause in this Agreement does not include equitable
      remedies or specific performance; however, in two other sections the
      Agreement does provide for equitable remedies and specific
      performance, and it requires consent to jurisdiction in a civil court in
      the State of Ohio, as indicated above. The express and unambiguous
      terms in the Agreement, read as a whole and together, thus provide
      for specific performance through a civil action to require performance
      of obligations in the contract. The Agreement contemplates that it
      would be “impossible to measure, in money, the damages that will
      accrue to a party . . . from a failure of a party to perform any of the
      obligations under this Agreement.”

              The threshold question is whether the parties agreed to arbitrate

their claims. Based on our de novo review and the specific facts of this case, we
find that Kennedy has so agreed. On April 20, 2020, just prior to the May 4 filing

of the complaint in this case, Kennedy sent Appellants a “Notice of Demand for

Binding Arbitration,” requesting “binding arbitration under Section 12.2 of the

Consoliplex Holding L.L.C. Operating Agreement.” In the demand, Kennedy noted

that the parties attempted to mediate certain claims without resolution, and those

claims were now subject to his demand for binding arbitration. Kennedy stated his

choice for arbitrator, that his attorney had spoken with the arbitrator, and the

arbitrator was available for arbitration.   Kennedy requested the following be

subject to binding arbitration:

      Breech [sic] of your fiduciary duty and obligation of good faith to the
      minority member of the Company, while acting as the sole manager
      and majority member, by failing to allow access and refusing to
      provide financial and business records to the minority member as
      expressly required under the terms of the Operating Agreement.

              Thus, prior to filing the complaint in this case, Kennedy availed

himself of the Agreement’s dispute resolution provision, including the arbitration

provision.   When mediation was unsuccessful, Kennedy sent his demand for

binding arbitration. Less than two weeks later, he instituted this lawsuit. Kennedy

utilized the Agreement’s dispute resolution provision by sending his notice of

demand for binding arbitration. By doing so, he “agreed to arbitrate the matter at

issue.”
Damages

               As further evidence that the specific performance provisions of the

Agreement govern his claims, Kennedy argues that his complaint did not request

damages.

               The complaint states as follows:

      Prayer For Relief

      Plaintiff Patrick X. Kennedy seeks a declaratory judgment, specific
      performance, mandatory injunction, statutory damages, including but
      not limited to R.C. 1701.94, and bad faith damages of reasonable
      attorneys fees against all the Defendants, jointly and severally, to be
      determined and ordered by the Court as expeditiously as possible.

               Kennedy’s complaint sought statutory damages. He also sought bad

faith damages of reasonable attorney fees. Ohio follows the “American Rule,”

which provides that a prevailing party in a civil action may not generally recover its

attorney fees as part of the “costs of litigation” unless attorney fees are provided for

by statute, the nonprevailing party acts in bad faith, or there is an enforceable

contract that “specifically provides for the losing party to pay the prevailing party’s

attorney fees.” Wilborn v. Bank One Corp., 121 Ohio St.3d 546, 2009-Ohio-306,

906 N.E.2d 396, ¶ 7. Because the complaint requests “bad faith damages of

reasonable attorney fees against all Defendants,” Kennedy’s claim for attorney fees

is one for compensatory damages.

               Sections 15.11 and 15.12 of the Agreement do not apply to Kennedy’s

claims for monetary damages; therefore, the trial court improperly denied

Appellants’ motion to compel arbitration.
              In light of the above, Appellants’ assignments of error are sustained.

              Kennedy’s claims fall within the scope of the Agreement’s

arbitration clause. Thus, the trial court erred in denying Appellants’ joint motion

to stay the case and compel arbitration.

              Judgment reversed; case remanded.

      It is ordered that appellants recover from appellee costs herein taxed.

      The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this

judgment into execution.

      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule

27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

LARRY A. JONES, SR., PRESIDING JUDGE

EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., and
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J., CONCUR