Court Opinion

ID: 7109652
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-24 12:24:54.299748+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:13:41.705364
License: Public Domain

Given, C. J.
2 I. Appellant’s first complaint is against the ruling of the court sustaining the motion to transfer the case and refusing her trial by jury. Plaintiff does not ask a money judgment, but an order upon the defendant administrator as to the distribution of the assets of the estate. If the court had found for the plaintiff as to the proceeds of the life insurance or other assets either as widow or as heir at law of the deceased child, it could only have made an order as to the distribution to be made. Jurisdiction to do this is exclusively in the probate court. Code, sections 225, 3261, 3265. See, also, Hutton v. Laws, 55 Iowa, 710, and Reed v. Lane, 96 Iowa, 454. At common law issues of fact in proceedings in probate were not triable by jury, and in Gilruth v. Gilruth, 40 Iowa, 346, it was held that a trial by jury could only be demanded in cases in probate in which it was expressly allowed by statute. Our statute only provides for jury trials in probate proceedings in cases of contested wills and the allowance of claims against the estate. This is neither a contest of a will nor a dispute as to a claim against the estate, but an application for an order as to the distribution of the estate, as to which no provision is made for trial by jury. There was no error in transferring the cause nor in refusing a jury trial.
S II. Appellant makes no complaint in argument of the finding “that the plaintiff was never married to H. Y. Duffy, deceased, and that she is not the widow of said decedent,” but insists that the court erred in finding “that the said decedent never recognized the child Mary Elizabeth as required by law, and that said child is not entitled to any part of said decedent’s estate.” If the plaintiff was unmarried, her child was illegitimate, and as to 'such children it is provided, in section 3385 of the Code, that “they shall inherit from the father when the paternity is proven during his life, or they have been recognized by him as his children; but such recognition must have been general *584and notorious, or else in writing.” Appellant contends that, the evidence not only shows notorious and general recognition, but also recognition in writing. The facts are as follows: During and prior to the year 1896, Henry V. Duffy, an unmarried man, then aged about 33 years, was a member of a firm engaged in mercantile business at Waukon, Iowa, and plaintiff, an unmarried woman about the same age, was employed in the store as a clerk. These persons became intimate, and had illicit relations, which caused the plaintiff' to become pregnant. In December, 1896, she went to Minneapolis, where she remained with her sister until February, 1897. On February 17, 1897, she met Henry V. Duffy in Chicago, and he secured a single room, with one bed, in a boarding house, for her, and paid $8 in advance on account of her board and lodging. He gave his name to the man and woman keeping the boarding house as McMorrow, and introduced the plaintiff to them as his wife. The plaintiff remained there for some time after the birth of her child, June 11, 1897, for a time paying her bills with money furnished by him. During her stay, and prior to his death, April 27,. 1897, he visited and roomed with the plaintiff twice, and on each occasion represented and treated her as his wife. At these times the condition of the plaintiff was apparent, and on one occasion he saw her making infant’s clothing, for the purchase of which he had furnished the money, in anticipation of the birth of the child. Soon after the birth of the child it was christened Mary Elizabeth Duffy by Father Hessen, and taken by him and a policeman to St. Vincent’s Infant Asylum, where it was kept and cared for by the sisters in charge until its death, July 4, 1897. It cannot be doubted that • Henry V. Duffy recognized that he was the father of this child, but the inquiry remains whether that recognition was “general and notorious or else in writing.” It will be observed that Duffy died prior to the birth of the child. Appellant argues that there may be general and notorious *585recognition before tbe birtb of tbe child, but, as appellee makes no question as to this, it requires no further notice.
The recognition must be “general and notorious,” and we first inquire whether Henry Y. Duffy so recognized this child as his. “General. (1) Whole; total; that which comprehends or relates to all or the chief part; opposed to a particular object or relation; the public; the interest of the whole; vulgar. In general, in the main; for the most part; not always or universal.” “Notorious. Generally known and talked of by the public; universally believed to be true; manifest to the world; evident; usually known to disadvantage.” Webster’s Dictionary. It is apparently beyond question that plaintiff and Henry Y. Duffy during his life endeavored most strenuously not only to conceal from the public and their relatives and acquaintances the fact that he was the father of the child, but also the fact that a child was to be Bom to her.
It ma.y be said that he acknowledged by his. acts to the man and wife who kept the boarding house that he was father of the child of which the plaintiff was pregnant, but this was not a general and notorious recognition, but made with an effort at concealment rather than publicity. This recognition was to strangers in a large city distant from their Iowa home. They had gone there to conceal, rather than to make general and notorious recognition of, the facts. It docs not appear that Duffy ever recognized the child as his to any other person. While it may be said that to these persons he recognized the child as his, this cannot be said to have been a general and notorious recognition, within the meaning of the statute. At a date that does not appear, but evidently after his last visit, and shortly prior to his death, Henry Y. Duffy wrote a lengthy letter to the plaintiff, and this is relied upon as showing recognition in writing. The letter is too lengthy to be set out in full, but we have examined it with much cafe, and do not find that it refers to the fact of her pregnancy nor to the child. He writes that he took'advice *586of counsel, and was told that she could bring suit for damages, and in all probability would win, and that that was all she could do under the circumstances, “even if I were not married.” He speaks of this suit as having to be brought in their home county, and the effect it would have upon both of them and advises her to drop the matter. All that is, said about bringing a suit for damages may relate to an action for seduction or for breach of marriage contract, and, as we have said, it nowhere recognizes the child of which plaintiff was then pregnant as his child. It was not proven during the-life of Henry V. Duffy that he was the father of this child, and, under the evidence, we cannot say that the court erred in finding that he had not generally and notoriously or in writing recognized the child as his.
It follows from these conclusions that the judgment of tho district court should be aebtrmed.