Court Opinion

ID: 9324581
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-12-12 18:02:22.542456+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:14:55.670733
License: Public Domain

Filed 12/12/22 P. v. Herrera CA4/2

                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
  California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
                                      or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

           IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                   FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION TWO

 THE PEOPLE,

           Plaintiff and Respondent,                                      E079657

 v.                                                                       (Super.Ct.No. CR37320)

 MARK HERRERA,                                                            OPINION

           Defendant and Appellant.

         APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. John D. Molloy, Judge.

Affirmed with directions.

         Mark Herrera, in pro. per., and James M. Kehoe, under appointment by the Court

of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.

         No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent.

                                                              1
       Defendant and appellant Mark James Herrera appeals the Riverside County

Superior Court’s denial of his petition for resentencing made pursuant to section 1172.6

of the Penal Code.1 We affirm.

                                        BACKGROUND

       In 1990, when defendant was seventeen years old, he shot and killed a man who

was trying to break up a fight at a house party. A year later, a jury found defendant guilty

of second degree murder (§ 187) and personal use of a firearm (§ 12022.5). The trial

court sentenced him to a prison term of 19 years to life (15 years to life for the murder

plus 4 years for the firearm enhancement), and imposed a restitution fine of $10,000.2

Defendant appealed his conviction to this court and we affirmed. (People v. Herrera

(Dec. 2, 1992, E010080) [nonpub. opn.].)

       On January 1, 2019, Senate Bill No. 1437 became effective. (Stats. 2018,

ch. 1015.) That measure amended sections 188 (defining malice) and 189 (defining

degrees of murder) to limit the reach of the felony murder rule and to eliminate the

natural and probable consequences liability for murder. (Stats. 2018, ch. 1015.) The bill

also added section 1172.6, which creates a procedure for convicted persons who could

       1  Section 1170.95 was renumbered as section 1172.6 without change in the text,
effective June 30, 2022 (Stats. 2022, ch. 58, § 10). For the sake of simplicity, we refer to
the provision by its new numbering. All further statutory references are to the Penal
Code.
       2 In April 2022, the court struck the initial restitution fine and replaced it with a
$200 fine. It also imposed and stayed a probation revocation fee of $200. Thereafter, an
amended abstract of judgment was filed to reflect the changes, which incorrectly states
that defendant was sentenced to life with the possibility of parole. We will order
correction of the error. (People v. Mitchell (2001) 26 Cal.4th 181, 185 [the reviewing
court has authority to correct clerical errors to reflect the true facts].)

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not be convicted under the statutes as amended to retroactively obtain relief. In 2021, the

Senate amended the statute to make clear that defendants convicted of attempted murder

under a natural and probable consequences theory or manslaughter were also entitled to

resentencing relief. (§ 1172.6; Senate Bill No. 775; Stats. 2021, ch. 551, §§ 1-2, eff. Jan.

1, 2022.)

       In June 2022, defendant filed a section 1172.6 petition to vacate his murder

conviction and to be resentenced. The trial court set the matter for a status conference

and appointed counsel for defendant. At the August 2022 hearing, the People argued for

denial of the petition on the grounds it was a one-defendant case, defendant shot the

victim, and the review of the jury instructions established that none were given on the

subjects of aiding or abetting, the natural and probable consequences doctrine, or felony

murder. Defendant’s counsel submitted, explaining he had confirmed the People’s

statements.3 The court denied the petition, and defendant appealed.

                                          DISCUSSION

       Defendant’s appointed appellate counsel has filed an opening brief that sets forth

statements of the case and facts but does not present any issues for adjudication. He

posits that we are required to independently review the record on appeal pursuant to

People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436.

       3  The minutes of the hearing state that defendant’s counsel “objected for the
record,” which is contrary to counsel’s remarks as they appear in the reporter’s transcript.
Where there is a discrepancy between the reporter’s transcript and the minutes that
cannot be harmonized, which record will prevail depends on the circumstances of each
particular case. (People v. Harrison (2005) 35 Cal.4th 208, 226.) Here, we deem the
reporter’s transcript to be the accurate record.

                                             3
       Counsel suggests a potentially arguable issue: whether the trial court erred when

it denied defendant’s petition for relief under section 1172.6.

       We offered defendant an opportunity to file a personal supplemental brief, which

he has done. In his brief, he argues (i) the gun enhancement must be stricken, (ii) his

Miranda4 and due process rights were violated, and (iii) he should have been afforded a

transfer hearing under the juvenile court law because he was seventeen years old when he

committed the crime.

       Contrary to defendant’s claim, section 12022.5 does not require this court to strike

the firearm enhancement. The provision as amended effective January 1, 2018 (Stats.

2017, ch. 682, § 2), authorizes the trial court – not this court – to exercise its discretion

“in the interest of justice pursuant to section 1385 and at the time of sentencing, to strike

or dismiss an enhancement otherwise required to be imposed his section.” (§ 12022.5,

subd. (c).)

       With respect to the issues of due process violations and the lack of a transfer

hearing, defendant is foreclosed from raising them in this appeal because his time to

appeal those issues has long since passed. California Rules of Court, rule 8.308(a)

provides (subject to exceptions not applicable to the issues defendant tenders) that a

notice of appeal must be filed within 60 days after the rendition of the judgment or the

making of the order being appealed. We note this court has previously denied

defendant’s writs of habeas corpus claiming violation of his Miranda rights (case number

       4   Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436 (Miranda).

                                               4
E076509) and asserting his case should have been transferred to the juvenile court for a

determination whether he should have been tried as an adult (case number E070411).

       Although we are not required to independently review the record for potential

errors in a postjudgment appeal, we exercised our discretion to do so in keeping with our

opinion in People v. Griffin (Nov. 14, 2022, E079269) ___ Cal.App.5th ___. We found

no arguable issues but found the two aforementioned errors in the record needing

correction.

                                         DISPOSITION

       The judgment is affirmed with directions to (i) correct the August 19, 2022 minute

order to delete the statement “Defense objects for the record,” and to add the statement,

“Defendant submitted,” and (ii) to correct the abstract of judgment filed April 11, 2022

by removing the checkmark from item 5, and adding a checkmark to item 6.a. to reflect

that defendant’s sentence for count 1 was 15 years to life, and thereafter forward a

certified copy of the amended abstract to the Director of the Department of Corrections

and Rehabilitation.

       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
                                                               RAMIREZ
                                                                                       P. J.

We concur:

McKINSTER
                          J.

FIELDS
                          J.

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