Court Opinion

ID: 1068739
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:31:05.6952+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:42:59.384136
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judges Bumgardner and Felton
Argued at Salem, Virginia

ROBERT HENRY PERKINS, S/K/A
 ROBERT HENRY PERKINS, III
                                          MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.   Record No. 2944-01-3             JUDGE RUDOLPH BUMGARDNER, III
                                             NOVEMBER 12, 2002
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

        FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF MARTINSVILLE
                     Charles M. Stone, Judge

          Joseph H. M. Schenk, Jr. (Office of the
          Public Defender, on brief), for appellant.

          Eugene Murphy, Assistant Attorney General
          (Jerry W. Kilgore, Attorney General, on
          brief), for appellee.

     A jury convicted Robert Henry Perkins of unlawful wounding

and forcible sodomy.   He contends he was twice put in jeopardy

because he was previously convicted of assault and battery that

arose out of the same acts that constituted proof of the

unlawful wounding.   We conclude the acts constituting the

assault and battery were separate and distinct acts from those

acts constituting the unlawful wounding and affirm his

conviction.

     We view the evidence and all reasonable inferences

therefrom in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth.

     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not
designated for publication.
Commonwealth v. Taylor, 256 Va. 514, 516, 506 S.E.2d 312, 313

(1998).   The defendant assaulted the victim as she returned home

after an evening with friends.    The defendant hit her in the

back of her head as she unlocked the door to her house.      He

struck her again before she escaped down the hall.     The

defendant chased her to the bathroom, hit her, but fell into the

tub as they struggled.   The victim tried to flee from the house,

but the defendant grabbed her and pulled her hair.     The victim

reached the kitchen where the defendant grabbed a knife from the

dish drain.    He swung the knife at her face, and the victim

raised her arms in defense.    The defendant cut her thumb to the

bone, and punctured her leg.    The defendant then locked the door

so no one could leave, picked up a chair, and hit the victim in

the face and on her back.   He kicked her as she lay on the floor

until she lost consciousness.

     The defendant was arrested and charged initially with rape,

forcible sodomy, and malicious wounding.     Later he was charged

with domestic assault and battery, a misdemeanor.     The district

court simultaneously heard the preliminary hearing for the three

felonies and tried the misdemeanor.      It certified the three

felonies and convicted the defendant of the misdemeanor, assault

and battery.

     Before his trial in circuit court, the defendant moved to

dismiss claiming the prosecution constituted double jeopardy.

The only evidence he presented was a copy of the district court

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judge's handwritten trial notes summarizing the testimony

presented at the earlier hearing.   The defendant maintained the

evidence presented in the district court was the same as that

which would form the basis for the malicious wounding charge.

     The trial court found the evidence showed the defendant

committed several assaults, some of which amounted to malicious

wounding.   "There's evidence of several assaults and there's

evidence of a potential malicious or unlawful wounding . . . ."

It noted that the district court judge's notes provided no way

of determining that the district court convicted the defendant

for the acts that constituted the felony.   The defendant

conceded, "We simply don't know," which set of facts constituted

the assault and battery.   The trial court held the defendant

failed to prove that the evidence of the cutting formed the

basis for the assault and battery conviction.

     The Double Jeopardy Clause is not abridged if the two

offenses are supported by separate and distinct acts.   Stephens

v. Commonwealth, 263 Va. 58, 63, 557 S.E.2d 227, 230 (2002)

(each act of shooting from vehicle constituted separate and

distinct act); Martin v. Commonwealth, 242 Va. 1, 8, 406 S.E.2d
15, 19 (1991) (attempted murder conviction not barred by prior

obstruction of justice conviction); Brown v. Commonwealth, 230
Va. 310, 314, 337 S.E.2d 711, 713-14 (1985) (abduction and rape

are distinct acts); Jones v. Commonwealth, 218 Va. 757, 760, 240
S.E.2d 658, 661 (1978) (theft of money and theft of automobile

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during motel robbery are distinct and separate offenses); Brown

v. Commonwealth, 37 Va. App. 507, 517, 559 S.E.2d 415, 420

(2002) (robbery of purse separate and distinct act from seizure

of car); Ganzie v. Commonwealth, 24 Va. App. 422, 429, 482
S.E.2d 863, 867 (1997) (multiple acts of perjury may occur on

one occasion); Henry v. Commonwealth, 21 Va. App. 141, 146, 462
S.E.2d 578, 581 (1995) (obstruction of justice is distinct and

separate act from escape).

     The evidence in this case demonstrates the assault and

battery and the unlawful wounding were separate and distinct

criminal acts, were not committed simultaneously, and occurred

in different parts of the house.    The victim fled after the

initial blows struck at the door.    The defendant chased her into

the bathroom and struck her again.      The victim got away and ran

into the kitchen. 1   There the defendant grabbed a knife and cut

     1
       During an unrelated part of the trial, the defendant
tendered a purported transcript of the preliminary hearing,
which was typed from a recording made by the defendant's
attorney. It was not prepared by a court reporter, see Code
§ 19.2-185, nor authenticated in any way. It was admitted for
the limited purpose of determining witness credibility. We only
consider it to note that it verifies the trial court's factual
finding. The transcription reflects an even more complete
interruption between events in the bathroom and hall and those
later occurring in the kitchen with the knife. The victim
testified that after she left the bathroom she went to the
kitchen where her sister and friend were sitting around a table.
The victim walked around the table to a chair at the washroom
door. She was pulling the chair around to sit down at the table
when the defendant came at her and renewed his attack.

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her.   He then locked the door and struck her with a chair until

she lost consciousness.

       The cutting in the kitchen that constituted the unlawful

wounding offense was separate and distinct from the acts

constituting the earlier assault and battery.   Both the

misdemeanor and the felony could be proven without resorting to

evidence necessary to prove the other.   "In this case, the

conduct used to support the second prosecution was not the same

conduct as that used to support the first conviction.   Evidence

of separate, discrete conduct by the defendant supported each

offense."    Johnson v. Commonwealth, 13 Va. App. 515, 518, 412
S.E.2d 731, 732 (1992).

       In pleading double jeopardy, the defendant has the burden

to establish the identity of the offenses.    Low v. Commonwealth,

11 Va. App. 48, 50, 396 S.E.2d 383, 384 (1990).   The defendant

relies on the fact that evidence about the cutting was presented

at the misdemeanor trial and at the felony trial.   However, the

presentation of evidence that might have been used in a previous

trial does not, alone, provide a double jeopardy violation.

Brown, 230 Va. at 316, 337 S.E.2d at 715.    "A successive

prosecution is not barred if the earlier prosecution was for an

offense based on different conduct than the second, even though

the offenses may have arisen out of the same incident or

transaction."    Johnson, 13 Va. App. at 517-18, 412 S.E.2d at

732.

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     The defendant presents no argument that the defendant's

acts constituted a single criminal act.   He assumes the premise

that is essential to establishing his plea of double jeopardy;

he assumes the acts of violence against the victim were a single

offense and not distinct, separate offenses.   The evidence

supports a finding of several separate, distinct criminal

assaults.   Nothing suggests the district court used the evidence

of the felony, cutting with a knife, to convict the defendant of

the misdemeanor, assault and battery.

     The district court judge was well aware he was trying the

misdemeanor and conducting a preliminary hearing for the

felonies, which included a malicious wounding charge.   "Absent

clear evidence to the contrary, we will presume that the trial

judge applied the correct standard to the facts."    Yarborough v.

Commonwealth, 217 Va. 971, 978, 234 S.E.2d 286, 291 (1977).    We

presume the district judge did not use the same evidence to

convict of the misdemeanor and to certify the felony.

     The defendant did not establish that he was twice placed in

jeopardy for the same offense.    Accordingly, we affirm his

conviction.

                                                         Affirmed.

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