Court Opinion

ID: 4892392
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-09-02 23:52:01.909223+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:09:45.317873
License: Public Domain

Moore, J.
The only question in this case is, whether a judgment of the District Court awarding a peremptory, mandamus for the restoration of the plaintiff to an office, can be superseded or suspended by an appeal to this court. This question, we are clearly of opinion, must be answered in the affirmative. Such, we believe, has been the uniform usage and practice in mandamus cases ever since such proceedings as this have been authorized in the District Court.
It is unquestionably true, that at common law, a writ of mandamus could not be stayed or suspended by a writ of error or appeal, for indeed no writ of error or appeal could under it be prosecuted from the order of the court awarding the writ. But it is quite evident that the common-law proceeding, whereby relief was had by aid of the great original, or prerogative, writ of mandamus, was altogether, different from that by which with us the judgment of the court granting the relief, though of a similar character, is carried 'into effect, and the right adjudged by the court is secured to the plaintiff by writ of mandamus, as it is termed in our statute.
At common law a proceeding by madamus did not partake of the nature of a suit between parties, but the relief sought was granted immediately by and through means of the writ itself. It was not in the nature of a judicial writ requiring a defendant to appear and plead. It was a direct and immediate command to the party to immediately fulfill the requirement of the writ, or show, by a return to it, cause why he had not done so. This return, whether true or false, could not be gainsaid or questioned. If sufficient cause to refuse the demand was shown in the return, the writ was discharged, if not, it was made absolute, and immediate obedience to it required under pain of attachment. Prior to the statute of Ann, no issue of fact could be made upon the return. If false, the remedy was *516not to be had by the mandamus, or a judicial proceeding inaugurated by it, but by an action against the respondent for a false return to the writ.
That the writ of mandamus which may be awarded by the District Court under our statute is essentially different in almost every particular, is too obvious for comment. The relief sought to be effected through its aid is asked, as in any other case, by a petition alleging the facts by virtue of which it is claimed, with a prayer for such judgment as the facts warrant. The defendant is served and required to answer as in any other suit, and the case proceeds to trial and judgment as any other.action, and there is no distinguishable difference in principle in the course of proceeding' and result attained in it and any other suit in the District Court. When the judgment is rendered by the court, unless superseded or suspended by writ of error or appeal, it is earned into effect by the appropriate writ for this purpose, termed in the statute a writ of mandamus, from analogy, no doubt, drawn from the nature of the matters complained of in the petition, to cases in which relief is granted by this writ at common law. Plainly, then, unless we discard principles, and are controlled merely by names, it must be treated and regarded as a judicial writ, based upon and issuing by virtue of, and to carry into effect, a judgment of the District Court. And so it has been in effect held by the Supreme Court of the United States.
If this is a suit, it is unquestionably a civil case. And as this court has appellate jurisdiction in all manner of pleas, plaints, motions, causes and controversies, which may be brought before it from the District Court, we think it clear that the right of this court to review the judgment of the District Court cannot be denied. It must follow, as no distinction is made by the law authorizing an appeal in this and other cases, that the judgment of the District Court may be superseded by an appropriate bond for this purpose, pending the appeal in this court. That the term of office of the applicant for the writ may expire pending the appeal, is an incident equally applicable to the *517suit while in course of litigation in the court below, as while pending an appeal in this court.
There is no error in the judgment, and it is affirmed.
Affirmed.