Court Opinion

ID: 1068718
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:31:00.365157+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:05:36.767735
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Elder, Annunziata and Agee
Argued at Alexandria, Virginia

LORETTA A. McMANUS
                                         MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.   Record No. 0731-02-4                 JUDGE LARRY G. ELDER
                                            NOVEMBER 19, 2002
STEVEN J. NEUSCHULZ

             FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY
                      R. Terrence Ney, Judge

           Dorothy M. Isaacs (Cory A. Frederick;
           Surovell Markle Isaacs & Levy PLC, on
           briefs), for appellant.

           David E. Roop (Dov M. Szego; Condo &
           Masterman, P.C., on brief), for appellee.

     Loretta McManus (wife) appeals from an order entered

February 21, 2002, dividing certain property owned by her and

her former husband, Steven J. Neuschulz (husband).     On appeal,

she contends the trial court erroneously divided the disputed

property based on 2001 account values rather than the values set

out in the parties' property settlement agreement of October 8,

1993, which was incorporated into the parties' 1993 divorce

decree.   In the alternative, she contends that the 2001

valuation failed to take into consideration her post-separation

contributions to her Lufthansa 401(k) plan and, thus,

     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not
designated for publication.
erroneously awarded husband a portion of those contributions and

their growth.   Finally, she contends the trial court abused its

discretion in awarding husband attorney's fees and costs.

     We hold that the trial court erroneously divided the

disputed property based on 2001 account values rather than the

1993 values set out in the parties' property settlement

agreement.   Thus, wife's post-agreement contributions to the

account were irrelevant to the division, and we need not reach

wife's second assignment of error.     Finally, because we hold

that wife should have prevailed on the question of the values to

be used in making the division, we remand to the trial court to

reconsider its award of attorney's fees and costs.    Thus, we

reverse and remand.

                                 I.

                                 A.

             PRESERVATION OF VALUATION ISSUE FOR APPEAL

     Rule 5A:18 provides that "[n]o ruling of the trial court

. . . will be considered as a basis for reversal unless the

objection was stated together with the grounds therefor at the

time of the ruling, except for good cause shown or to enable the

Court of Appeals to attain the ends of justice."    As we

previously have made clear, a party "may meet the mandates of

Rule 5A:18 in many ways."   Lee v. Lee, 12 Va. App. 512, 515, 404

S.E.2d 736, 738 (1991) (en banc).     The party

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            may make clear the ground for his objection
            in a motion to strike the evidence[,] . . .
            closing argument[,] . . . a motion to set
            aside the verdict or a motion to reconsider.
            Likewise, [a party] may, if he or she has
            previously failed to do so, include an
            objection, and the reasons therefor in the
            final order . . . .

Id. at 515-16, 404 S.E.2d at 738 (emphasis added) (citations

omitted).

     Thus, the Supreme Court has held that where a party "during

[a specific motion hearing] repeatedly made known to the court

his position," filed a timely motion for rehearing arguing the

same grounds, and endorsed the final order as "'SEEN: and all

Exceptions noted,'" the party sufficiently preserved his stated

position for appeal.    Id. at 516, 404 S.E.2d at 738 (quoting

Wiedman v. Babcock, 241 Va. 40, 44, 400 S.E.2d 164, 167 (1991)).

As Code § 8.01-384 expressly states,

            Formal exceptions to rulings . . . [are]
            unnecessary; but for all purposes for which
            an exception has heretofore been necessary,
            it shall be sufficient that a party, at the
            time the ruling or order of the court is
            made or sought, makes known to the court the
            action which he desires the court to take or
            his objections to the action of the court
            and his grounds therefor.

     Here, the court made the first ruling to which wife objects

in its order of October 12, 2001, when it held that "the parties

shall equally divide the present value of the accounts listed in

Paragraph 1 of the Property Settlement Agreement."   (Emphasis

added).   At the December 14, 2001 hearing, wife specifically

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argued that the accounts should be divided as per the 1993

agreement and that husband was due only $18,000.    In entering

the February 21, 2002 order, the trial court noted generally

"wife's exceptions to this order."     Thus, wife's specific

objection to the use of 2001 account values rather than 1993

account values as contained in the agreement was sufficient to

preserve this issue for appeal.

                                  B.

             INTERPRETATION OF THE PARTIES' AGREEMENT
               AND APPRECIATION IN VALUE OF ACCOUNTS

     On appeal, wife contends the trial court erred in ordering

her to execute a qualified domestic relations order (QDRO)

requiring a transfer of funds to husband which was based on the

2001 values of their marital accounts rather than the values the

parties assigned to those accounts in their 1993 property

settlement agreement.   Wife relies on our decision in Fahey v.

Fahey, 24 Va. App. 254, 481 S.E.2d 496 (1997) (en banc), in

support of her argument.   Based on the language of the

agreements at issue, we hold that Fahey is controlling, and we

reverse the ruling of the trial court.

     Fahey involved a property settlement agreement in which the

parties agreed to divide three Keogh accounts owned by Mr.

Fahey.   Id. at 255-56, 481 S.E.2d at 496.    The agreement valued

the accounts at $214,000 and required Mr. Fahey to "'promptly

arrange to transfer to [Mrs. Fahey] one-half (1/2) of each of

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these accounts . . . [,] pursuant to a [QDRO], if requested by

either party.'"    Id. at 256, 481 S.E.2d at 496.    The agreement,

dated July 28, 1994, was incorporated into a consent order dated

August 31, 1994.     Id. at 256-57, 481 S.E.2d at 496.   A dispute

arose over the division, but the parties were able to resolve

it.   At the request of the parties, the court entered an order

of June 6, 1995, which established a QDRO for the account

referred to as the "IDEX" plan.     Id. at 256, 481 S.E.2d at

496-97.   That QDRO "allotted 'one-half of the accrued value of

the Plan as of July 28, 1994,' the date of the agreement, to

Mrs. Fahey, and neither party appealed that order."       Id. at 256,

481 S.E.2d at 497.

      A dispute then arose between the Faheys over whether the

amount divided should include appreciation on the account after

the date of the July 28, 1994 agreement.     Id.    The court

concluded that it should and entered an amended QDRO, "which

assigned to Mrs. Fahey 'one-half of the shares of the Plan as of

July 28, 1994, together with any appreciation or depreciation

that has accrued since that time until the time of

distribution.'"    Id.

      On appeal, we noted that the court retained the authority

under Code § 20-107.3(K)(4)

           "to revise or conform [the] terms [of the
           QDRO] so as to effectuate the expressed
           intent of the [original decree]," Code
           § 20-107.3(K)(4), provided such modification
           is "consistent with the substantive

                                 - 5 -
           provisions of the original decree" and not
           "simply to adjust its terms in light of the
           parties' changed circumstances[,]" Caudle v.
           Caudle, 18 Va. App. 795, 798, 447 S.E.2d
           247, 249 (1994).

Id. at 256-57, 481 S.E.2d at 497.       Based on the language in the

"original order" of July 28, 1994, which valued the accounts at

$214,000 and directed that Mr. Fahey "promptly" transfer to Mrs.

Fahey "one-half (1/2) of each of these accounts," we held that

the "manifest intent of the original order was to allot Mrs.

Fahey one-half of the value of the IDEX account on July 28,

1994."   Id. at 256-57, 481 S.E.2d at 496-97.      We "recognize[d]

that this method of division later disfavored Mrs. Fahey because

the account increased in value," but we held that "the court was

without authority to substantively modify its order to redress

this changed circumstance."     Id. at 257, 481 S.E.2d at 497; see

also Wilson v. Wilson, 25 Va. App. 752, 758, 492 S.E.2d 495, 498

(1997) (holding that court entering QDRO "was without authority

to substantively modify its original order equitably

distributing [Mr. Wilson's] pension benefits, irrespective of

any agreement by the parties to the contrary" because "[t]he

jurisdiction of the court cannot be established by consent").

     In reaching this decision in Fahey, we rejected the view

advanced by the panel dissent.        See Fahey v. Fahey, Nos.

2477-95-4, 2773-95-4 (Va. Ct. App. July 23, 1996).       That dissent

emphasized the parties' agreement to divide the assets both

"equally" and "promptly."     Id.    It noted that if one-half of Mr.

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Fahey's Keogh accounts had been distributed "promptly" after

entry of the consent order, the dispute over how to distribute

the appreciation in the plans likely would not have arisen.

Thus, the dissent would have held that failure to divide the

accounts promptly required the court to ignore the dollar value

the agreement placed on the accounts and to divide the accounts

equally to effectuate the parties' intent.

     Here, the parties' agreement set out the total value of the

listed funds as "equal[ling] $95,632.47" and expressly stated

that "[t]his figure should be divided by two to determine the

amount of money each party is to equally receive, to-wit:

$47,816.24."   Thus, here, as in Fahey, the parties not only

agreed to divide the accounts equally but also placed a dollar

value on the accounts and indicated that the division should

occur promptly, "within thirty days of the execution of [the]

Agreement."    See also Hastie v. Hastie, 29 Va. App. 776, 514

S.E.2d 800 (1999) (holding that where order made award of

specific percentage of pension but used the phrase, "to-wit," to

link that percentage to a specific dollar amount, trial court

could not alter that dollar amount when pension, and thus

spouse's proportional share, subsequently increased in value).

     As we held in Fahey, the parties' failure to comply with

the time provisions of the agreement did not permit the court to

adjust the values they had placed on the accounts or the manner

in which the agreement proposed to divide those values.   24

                                - 7 -
Va. App. at 257, 481 S.E.2d at 497.    Thus, despite the fact that

"this method of division later disfavored [husband] because the

account increased in value, . . . the court was without

authority to substantively modify its order to redress this

changed circumstance."   Id. at 257, 481 S.E.2d at 497.

     Despite husband's contention to the contrary, the parties'

failure to specify in the agreement which accounts belonged to

which spouse is not dispositive.   Although the agreement did not

specifically list all of the accounts belonging to each spouse,

the record from the present proceedings contains sufficient

evidence of this fact to permit a determination that the 1993

value of husband's accounts equals $29,739.76, and the 1993

value of wife's accounts equals $65,892.71. 1   Thus, a total of

$18,076.47 is due from wife to husband.

     Because the court should have used the 1993 values for the

accounts as listed in the agreement, wife's post-separation

contributions and withdrawals, if any, to the Lufthansa 401(k)

account are irrelevant to its value in this proceeding, and we

need not consider her claim that the trial court erroneously

failed to consider those contributions in calculating the value

of the account.

     1
       The court's October 12, 2001 order directed wife to
provide statements for the Lufthansa 401(k), Vanguard Prin LN,
and Vanguard-UAL accounts. It directed husband to provide
statements for the remaining six accounts listed in paragraph 1
of the agreement. The exhibits husband presented confirmed that
these accounts were in his name.

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                                 C.

                      ATTORNEY'S FEES AND COSTS

     Wife also challenges the trial court's award of attorney's

fees to husband.    Husband contends wife failed to preserve this

issue for appeal.

     We hold that wife's objection to the trial court's

indication in its show cause decree of October 12, 2001, that it

was considering an award of attorney's fees and costs was

sufficient to preserve for appeal her objection to the award

subsequently made.   Further, her objection on appeal is

expressly linked to her claim, properly preserved below, that

the valuation of accounts should have occurred based on 1993

values.   Thus, we review the trial court's award of attorney's

fees and costs.    Because the trial court's order is silent on

the basis for its award of fees and costs and we reverse its

decision regarding the date on which the accounts should be

valued, we vacate the award of attorney's fees and costs and

remand to the trial court to consider anew whether to award

attorney's fees and costs and, if so, in what amount.

                                 II.

     For these reasons, we hold that the trial court erroneously

divided the disputed property based on 2001 account values

rather than the 1993 values set out in the parties' property

settlement agreement, and we remand to the trial court to enter

an appropriate order dividing the property.   We vacate the award

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of attorney's fees and costs and remand that issue for

consideration anew.

                                           Reversed and remanded.

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