Court Opinion

ID: 9373109
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-22 16:02:47.638936+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:39.669894
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     DEBRA A. FOSTER,                                DOCKET NUMBER
                   Appellant,                        CH-1221-16-0563-W-1

                  v.

     SOCIAL SECURITY                                 DATE: January 17, 2023
       ADMINISTRATION,
                   Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Debra A. Foster, Chicago, Illinois, pro se.

           Amy Baines, Esquire, and James Hail, Esquire, Chicago, Illinois, for the
            agency.

                                           BEFORE

                               Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                Raymond A. Limon, Member
                                 Tristan L. Leavitt, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     dismissed for lack of jurisdiction her individual right of action (IRA) appeal.
     Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the following

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                         2

     circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact;
     the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation
     or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative
     judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision
     were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion,
     and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material
     evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due
     diligence, was not available when the record closed.        Title 5 of the Code of
     Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).             After fully
     considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not
     established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review.
     Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision,
     which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).
¶2           The agency took a performance-based removal action against the appellant,
     a GS-0105-11 Social Insurance Specialist Claims Authorizer, effectiv e January 8,
     2016.     Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 1 at 14.    It appears that the Office of
     Personnel Management approved her application for disability retirement at some
     point after her removal. IAF, Tab 13 at 79. The appellant filed a complaint with
     the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) and, after receiving a closure letter, filed an
     IRA appeal in which she alleged that the agency took a number of personnel
     actions against her in reprisal for her alleged protected disclosures. IAF, Tab 1
     at 10-12, Tab 9 at 11-26.
¶3           The administrative judge issued proper notice affording the appellant
     accurate and complete notice of her burden of establishing jurisdiction over her
     IRA appeal.      IAF, Tab 3.      After considering the parties’ responses, the
     administrative judge issued an initial decision that dismissed the appeal for lack
     of jurisdiction upon finding that the appellant failed to make a nonfrivolous
     allegation that any of her disclosures were protected. The appellant petitions for
     review of the initial decision. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tabs 1, 5. The
                                                                                         3

     agency responds in opposition to the petition for review, and the appellant replies
     to the agency’s response. PFR File, Tabs 6-7.
¶4         The Board has jurisdiction over an IRA appeal if the appellant exhausts her
     administrative remedies before OSC and makes nonfrivolous allegations that
     (1) she made a disclosure that was protected under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
     engaged in protected activity described in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C),
     or (D), and (2) the disclosure or protected activity was a contributing factor in the
     agency’s decision to take or fail to take a personnel action as defined by 5 U.S.C.
     § 2302(a)(2)(A). Linder v. Department of Justice, 122 M.S.P.R. 14, ¶ 6 (2014).
     Here, the appellant did not clearly explain which issues she raised to OSC. She
     submitted a partial copy of her original OSC complaint on Form 11 (“Complaint
     of Possible Prohibited Personnel Practice or Other Prohibited Activity”) and
     copies of correspondence from OSC concerning her complaint.             IAF, Tab 1
     at 7-13, Tab 9 at 11-26.      The initial decision accurately characterizes those
     disclosures (described in more detail below) that the appellant exhausted before
     OSC. IAF, Tab 16, Initial Decision (ID) at 4-5. The appellant appears to contend
     on review that the administrative judge incorrectly excluded other disclosures and
     incorrectly refused to consider disclosures raised only in the appellant’s OSC
     Form 12 (“Disclosure of Information”). PFR File, Tab 1 at 6, 8. However, the
     appellant has identified nothing in the record below to show she raised any
     disclosures to OSC that the administrative judge neglected to consider.
     Moreover, the Board has found that making disclosures to OSC’s D isclosure Unit
     via Form 12 does not satisfy the exhaustion requirement under 5 U.S.C.
     § 1214(a)(3). Mason v. Department of Homeland Security, 116 M.S.P.R. 135,
     ¶ 16 (2011) (finding that, unlike OSC’s Complaints Examining Unit, which
     investigates complaints filed on OSC Form 11, the Disclosure Unit does not
     review allegations of prohibited personnel practices).
¶5         Having satisfied the exhaustion requirement as to some of her alleged
     protected disclosures, the next step in the appellant’s jurisdictional burden is to
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     make a nonfrivolous allegation that she made a disclosure that was protected
     under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or engaged in protected activity described in
     5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).      Prior to the enactment of the
     Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012 (WPEA),                  5 U.S.C.
     § 2302(b)(9) made it a prohibited personnel practice to retaliate against an
     employee or applicant for employment because of the exercise of any appeal,
     complaint, or grievance right granted by any law, rule, or regulation. Reprisal in
     violation of 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9) was seen as reprisal based on exercising a right
     to complain. Linder, 122 M.S.P.R. 14, ¶ 7. After the enactment of the WPEA,
     the Board has jurisdiction to hear appeals of violations of               5 U.S.C.
     § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), i.e., allegations of reprisal for exercising a right to complain,
     when the substance of that complaint seeks redress for a violation of 5 U.S.C.
     § 2302(b)(8). Mudd v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 120 M.S.P.R. 365, ¶ 7
     (2013).   However, the WPEA did not extend the Board’s jurisdiction in IRA
     appeals to claims arising under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(ii), which covers
     retaliation for exercising any appeal, complaint, or grievance right that does not
     seek to remedy a violation of section 2302(b)(8). See Young v. Merit Systems
     Protection Board, 961 F.3d 1323, 1329 (Fed. Cir. 2020) (explaining that claims
     of reprisal for activity protected under section 2302(b)(9)(A)(ii) are remediable
     through different mechanisms, and not by an IRA appeal to the Board) .
¶6         Here, the administrative judge correctly identified seven alleged disclosures
     at issue: (1) a 2011 equal employment opportunity (EEO) complaint followed by
     an action in U.S. District Court; (2) a 2013 union grievance; (3) letters to Senator
     Durbin and Representative Rush in 2013; (4) an unfair labor practice (ULP)
     charge in 2015; (5) a 2015 EEO complaint; (6) a Board appeal in 2015; and (7) a
     March 2016 Inspector General (IG) complaint.        ID at 4 -5.   The IG complaint
     post-dates the appellant’s removal and therefore cannot be the basis of a
     retaliation claim. Mason, 116 M.S.P.R. 135, ¶ 27. The 2011 EEO complaint and
     the letters to Congress are not in the record, but the appellant nowhere asserts that
                                                                                        5

     the subject matter of these alleged disclosures concerned whistleblower reprisal.
     Instead, the appellant’s focus throughout her appeal and on review is on her
     assertions of personally having been subjected to discrimination and unequal
     treatment, not on (b)(9) complaints of retaliation for making protected
     disclosures. PFR File, Tab 1 at 11-13; Spruill v. Merit Systems Protection Board,
     978 F.2d 679, 690-92 (Fed. Cir. 1992) (recognizing that, in enacting
     sections 2302(b)(8) and 2302(b)(9), Congress purposefully distinguished between
     “reprisal based on disclosure of information and reprisal based upon exercising a
     right to complain”; the former is covered in section 2302(b)(8), the latter in
     section 2302(b)(9)(A)).
¶7         There is sufficient information in the record concerning the remainin g four
     alleged protected disclosures to conclude that none of them involved allegations
     of reprisal for whistleblowing. The grievance concerned the appellant’s claims
     about how her supervisors and mentors expected her to do her work. IAF, Tab 5
     at 59-62. The Federal Labor Relations Authority’s decision not to issue a ULP
     complaint followed the appellant’s ULP charge that the union wrongly refused to
     take a grievance to arbitration. Id. at 76. The 2015 EEO complaint concerned
     allegations of harassment, inadequate training, poor performance evaluations and
     the denial of a within-grade increase. Id. at 94, 97, 100, 105. The Board appeal
     also concerned the denial of a within-grade increase.         Although the WPEA
     expanded the Board’s jurisdiction to include certain (b)(9) claims, the
     administrative judge correctly found that the appellant did not make a
     nonfrivolous allegation that any of her disclosures concerned subject matter
     covered in (b)(8).     Therefore, we find the administrative judge correctly
     dismissed the IRA appeal for lack of jurisdiction. 2

     2
      We have reviewed the relevant legislation enacted during the pendency of this appeal
     and have concluded that it does not affect the outcome of the appeal.
                                                                                        6

                           NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 3
      You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By
statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such
review and the appropriate forum with which to file.               5 U.S.C. § 7703(b).
Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit
Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most
appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a
statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their
jurisdiction.   If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should
immediately review the law applicable to your claims and carefully follow all
filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file within the applicable time
limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum.
      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions
about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.                5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you    must   submit   your   petition   to   the   court    at   the
following address:

3
  Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                    7

                             U.S. Court of Appeals
                             for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                            Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or   EEOC     review   of   cases     involving    a   claim   of
discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court ( not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.     5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. ____ , 137 S. Ct. 1975 (2017).              If you have a
representative in this case, and your representative receives this decision before
you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar days
after your representative receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of
discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling
condition, you may be entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and
                                                                                  8

to waiver of any requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security. See
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                  P.O. Box 77960
                             Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant   to   the   Whistleblower    Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Boar d’s
                                                                                      9

disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section
2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i),
(B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either with the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 4   The court of appeals must receive your petition for
review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                               U.S. Court of Appeals
                               for the Federal Circuit
                              717 Madison Place, N.W.
                              Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit ou r website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

4
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115-195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                       10

      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:                                  /s/ for
                                        Jennifer Everling
                                        Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.