Court Opinion

ID: 4284517
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-06-14 20:00:35.741629+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:08:13.740947
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                              FILED
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
                                                                               JUN 14 2018
                                                                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
MELLEN, INC., a New York corporation,            No.   17-15863

              Plaintiff-counter-                 D.C. No. 2:16-cv-00648-DLR
              defendant-Appellee,

 v.                                              MEMORANDUM*

BILTMORE LOAN AND JEWELRY -
SCOTTSDALE LLC, an Arizona limited
liability company,

              Defendant-counter-claimant-
              Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Arizona
                   Douglas L. Rayes, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted May 17, 2018**
                             San Francisco, California

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
Before: N.R. SMITH and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges, and LYNN,*** Chief
District Judge.

      Biltmore Loan & Jewelry - Scottsdale, LLC (Biltmore) appeals adverse

summary judgment rulings in this dispute over the ownership of a rare, four-carat

blue, heart-shaped diamond. We affirm.1

      1. The entrustment provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C.) do

not apply. Under the U.C.C., when the owner of a good entrusts possession “to a

merchant who deals in goods of that kind,” she gives the merchant “power to

transfer all [her] rights . . . to a buyer in ordinary course of business.” U.C.C.

§ 2-403(2). Here, Biltmore did not purchase from a diamond merchant, nor did it

purchase the diamond in the ordinary course. Biltmore transacted with Joseph

Gutenkunst in purchasing the diamond, and the record is clear that Gutenkunst was

not a diamond merchant. The possibility that Gutenkunst was secretly acting as an

      ***
             The Honorable Barbara M. G. Lynn, Chief United States District
Judge for the Northern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
      1
        The district court noted that “Arizona, where Biltmore is located, has
adopted the relevant provisions of the U.C.C. at issue in this case, as has New York
where Mellen resides. See A.R.S. §§ 47-2403, 47-9102(A)(20), 47-9319; N.Y.
UCC §§ 2-403, 9-102(20), 9-319.” Accordingly the district court did not resolve
any choice of law issues. The district court’s analysis relies on cases from a variety
of jurisdictions discussing the relevant U.C.C. provisions. The parties do likewise
in their briefs on appeal. We follow the lead of the district court and the parties,
relying on relevant authority from various jurisdictions that explain the
applications of the U.C.C. provisions at issue.
                                            2
agent for diamond merchant Scott Meyrowitz does not change this fact, where the

summary judgment record contained no evidence that Biltmore was aware of any

agency relationship. See, e.g., Porter v. Wertz, 421 N.E.2d 500, 501 (N.Y. 1981)

(memorandum).

      Moreover, even if Gutenkunst were a diamond merchant (or if Biltmore

relied on an agency relationship between Gutenkunst and Meyrowitz),2 Biltmore

was not a buyer in the ordinary course. Under the U.C.C., a buyer in the ordinary

course “does not include a person that acquires goods in a transfer in bulk or as

security for or in total or partial satisfaction of a money debt.” U.C.C.

§ 1-201(b)(9). Biltmore originally acquired a security interest in the diamond as

collateral for a one million dollar pawn loan to Gutenkunst. Biltmore later

purchased the diamond outright, forgiving the one million dollar loan (plus

interest) and paying an additional $250,000 dollars for the diamond. Thus,

Biltmore initially acquired the diamond “as security” and later purchased the

      2
         The only evidence Biltmore cites to establish that it had knowledge of an
agency relationship between Gutenkunst and Meyrowitz was not presented to the
district court in the summary judgment briefing, and the district court declined to
revisit its decision in light of Biltmore’s motion for reconsideration. The district
court did not abuse its discretion in declining to consider this evidence. See Keenan
v. Allan, 91 F.3d 1275, 1279 (9th Cir. 1996) (“As other courts have noted, ‘[i]t is
not our task, or that of the district court, to scour the record in search of a genuine
issue of triable fact.’” (quoting Richards v. Combined Ins. Co., 55 F.3d 247, 251
(7th Cir. 1995)).
                                           3
diamond in “satisfaction of a money debt.” See id. The district court did not err in

concluding that the U.C.C. entrustment provisions did not afford protection to

Biltmore’s interest in the diamond.

      2. The consignment provisions of the U.C.C. are inapplicable for similar

reasons. Even assuming Mellen’s conveyance of the diamond to Meyrowitz was a

valid consignment, the U.C.C. would protect Biltmore only if Biltmore had

extended credit to a consignee. See id. § 9-319(a). But here Biltmore extended

credit to Gutenkunst, who cannot be a consignee because he is not a diamond

merchant. See id. § 9-102(a)(20)(A)(i).

      AFFIRMED.

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