Court Opinion

ID: 9900764
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-20 13:11:52.895751+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:21:17.446371
License: Public Domain

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VERMONT SUPERIOR COURT
Environmental Division                                                      Docket No. 23-ENV-29
32 Cherry St, 2nd Floor, Suite 303,
Burlington, VT 05401
802-951-1740
www.vermontjudiciary.org

                           Fife Jurisdictional Opinion (#4-351) Appeal

                                  ENTRY REGARDING MOTIONS
  Motion #1:      Motion for Summary Judgment
  Filer:          Alexander J. LaRosa, Attorney for Appellant, John Fife
  Filed Date:     June 15, 2023
  Opposition to Appellant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, filed on July 31, 2023, by Jenny E. Ronis,
        Attorney for the Vermont Natural Resources Board
  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  Motion #2:      Cross Motion for Summary Judgment
  Filer:          Jenny E. Ronis, Attorney for the Vermont Natural Resources Board
  Filed Date:     March 16, 2023
  Opposition to NRB’s Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment, filed on August 31, 2023, by Alexander
        LaRosa, Attorney for Appellant, John Fife
  Reply to Appellant’s Response to Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment, filed on September 7, 2023,
         by Jenny Ronis, Attorney for the NRB.
  Appellant’s motion is DENIED; NRB’s motion is GRANTED.
           In 2022, John Fife (“Appellant”) commenced reconstruction of a single-family home located
  at 377 Cobblestone Ct. in South Burlington, Vermont (“the Property”). The Property is subject to
  Act 250 Permit #4C1013R. In February 2023, the Vermont Natural Resources Board (“NRB”) issued
  a notice of alleged violation to Appellant, alleging that material changes were made to the Property
  without first receiving a necessary Act 250 permit amendment. In response, Appellant requested a
  jurisdictional opinion that his improvements to the Property did not require a permit amendment.
  The District #4 Commission Coordinator issued Jurisdictional Opinion # 4-351 on March 10, 2023,
  determining that Appellant’s improvements constituted a material change to the development
  authorized by the Property’s existing Act 250 permit, and thus required a permit amendment (the

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“JO”). Appellant appealed the JO to this Court. Presently before the Court are the parties’ cross-
motions for summary judgment.
        Appellant presents one question on appeal. It asks: “Does the renovation and reconstruction
of a single-family residence located at 377 Cobblestone Ct. in South Burlington constitute a change to
a permitted development (LUP 4C1013R) such that an Act 250 permit amendment is required?”
Appellant’s Statement of Questions, filed on April 18, 2023, at 1.

                                            Legal Standard
        To prevail on a motion for summary judgment, the moving party must demonstrate “that there
is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of
law.” V.R.C.P. 56(a), applicable here through V.R.E.C.P. 5(a)(2). When considering a motion for
summary judgment, the nonmoving party receives the benefit of all reasonable doubts and inferences.
Robertson v. Mylan Labs., Inc., 2004 VT 15, ¶ 15, 176 Vt. 356. When considering cross-motions for
summary judgment, the Court considers each motion individually and gives the opposing party the
benefit of all reasonable doubts and inferences. City of Burlington v. Fairpoint Commc’ns, Inc., 2009
VT 59, ¶ 5, 186 Vt. 332. In determining whether there is any dispute over a material fact, “we accept
as true allegations made in opposition to the motion for summary judgment, so long as they are
supported by affidavits or other evidentiary material.” White v. Quechee Lakes Landowners’ Ass’n,
Inc., 170 Vt. 25, 28 (1999) (citation omitted); V.R.C.P. 56(c)(1)(A).

                                     Undisputed Material Facts
        We recite the following factual background and procedural history, which we understand to
be undisputed unless otherwise noted, based on the record now before us and for the purpose of
deciding the pending motions. The following are not specific factual findings relevant outside the
scope of this decision on the pending motions. See Blake v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 2006 VT 48, ¶ 21,
180 Vt. 14 (citing Fritzeen v. Trudell Consulting Eng’rs, Inc., 170 Vt. 632, 633 (2000) (mem.)).

    1. John Fife owns property at 377 Cobblestone Ct., South Burlington, Vermont (previously
defined as the “Property”).
    2. The Property is subject to Act 250 Permit 4C1013R issued on December 4, 2000, (the “2000
Permit”) by the District # 4 Environmental Commission.
    3. The 2000 Permit incorporates all findings of fact and conclusions of law issued by the District
# 4 Environmental Commission (“District Commission”), including the factual finding that the single
family dwellings in the development will be two story structures. See Appellant’s Exhibit 5, filed on

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June 15, 2023. This Exhibit 5 includes copies of the 2000 Permit and the Findings of Fact,
Conclusions of Law, and Order upon which the Permit is based. Finding No. 66 of the Findings
(found on page 16 of the Findings, which is on page 24 of Exhibit 5), states that “[t]he proposed
single-family dwellings will be two story structures ([containing] 2000-2400 sf)….”
    4. Pursuant to the 2000 Permit, a single-family home was constructed on the Property (the “Old
Home”).
    5. The Old Home consisted of two stories of livable space, as well as an unfinished basement
and attic.
    6. In 2022, Appellant began reconstructing the Old Home into a new home with more livable
space (the “New Home”).
    7. Appellant did not seek or obtain an Act 250 permit amendment prior to reconstruction of the
New Home.
    8. Appellant made several improvements during reconstruction including excavating under the
existing garage to create a furnished basement, adding a second floor above the garage, and framing a
new roof to allow for livable space at the top level of the house (the “Improvements”).
    9. The New Home has four stories, including a finished basement and an attic that contains three
additional bedrooms and a bathroom.
    10. The New Home has approximately 1,500 square feet more living area than the Old Home.
Affidavit of Douglas Viehmann, filed June 15, 2023, at ¶ 11.
                                          Conclusions of Law
        Appellant moves for summary judgment on the grounds that the Improvements do not
constitute a material change to the 2000 Permit. Specifically, Appellant argues that the reconstructed
house has the same footprint as the old house, as well as the same height and color palate, such that
the changes are neither cognizable nor significant. Conversely, the NRB argues that there is a material
change because the reconstruction increased the number of stories beyond the two-story limitation
set forth in the 2000 Permit. For the following reasons, we agree with the NRB.
        A permit amendment shall be required for any material change to a permitted development or
subdivision. Act 250 Rules, Rule 35(A). A “material change” is defined as “any cognizable change to
a development or subdivision… which has a significant impact on any finding, conclusion, term or
condition of the project’s permit…” Act 250 Rules, Rule 2(C)(6). A change is cognizable if it involves
a physical alteration or change in use. In re Request for Jurisdictional Opinion re Changes in Physical
Structures and Use at Burlington Int’l Airport for F-35A, 2015 VT 10, ¶ 25, 198 Vt. 510. To determine

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whether an alteration took place, we look at whether the activity or physical change was contemplated
as part of the initially approved project. Id. If there is a departure from the original permit, we then
look at whether the change has the potential to significantly impact any finding or condition of the
permit or any of the Act 250 criteria. Id.
          Factual Finding 66 states that “[t]he proposed single-family dwellings will be two story
structures….” The Van Stricklen Limited Partnership, Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law and
Order, dated December 4, 2000, at ¶ 66, p. 16, a copy of which was included in Exhibit 5 to Appellant’s
Statement of Material Facts, filed June 15, 2023.
          There is no genuine dispute that Appellant added an additional story to the home and that the
New Home is more than two stories. See Appellant’s Exhibit 1 to the Affidavit of Douglas Viehmann
(showing the proposed reconstruction as being four stories including the basement as a story of livable
space).
          This change is cognizable because it required physical alterations to the home that were not
contemplated in the 2000 Permit. Further, this change has a significant impact on Factual Finding 66
because it is in direct conflict therewith. Factual Finding 66 states that the home will be two stories.
The uncontroverted evidence shows that the New Home is more than two stories.1 Accordingly, this
is a material change that requires a permit amendment as a matter of law.2
                                                     Conclusion
          For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that there is no genuine dispute of material fact
concerning the increased number of stories in Appellant’s newly reconstructed house. Factual Finding
66, as incorporated by Condition Two of the 2000 Permit, requires all single-family dwellings to be
two story structures. Despite Appellant’s assertion to the contrary, the uncontroverted evidence shows
that the New House is no longer two stories. Accordingly, we DENY Appellant’s motion for
summary judgment and GRANT the NRB’s motion.

          A Judgment Order accompanies this Entry Order. This completes the current proceedings
before this Court concerning this appeal.

          1
            Appellant argues that the reconstruction conforms with Factual Finding 66 because the New Home retains a
technical two-story construction, as viewed from the outside. While this assertion may be relevant in the context of a
permit amendment application, because it is undisputed the New Home is more than two stories as specifically stated in
Factual Finding 66, it is irrelevant to the Court’s conclusion that Appellant’s improvements constituted a material change
necessitating a permit amendment.
          2 Having reached this conclusion, we need not address other improvements to the Property that the parties’

dispute give rise to a material change.

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So Ordered.

       Electronically signed at Newfane, Vermont on Thursday, October 26, 2023, pursuant to
V.R.E.F. 9(d).

Thomas S. Durkin, Superior Judge
Superior Court, Environmental Division

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