Court Opinion

ID: 2726054
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 20:57:38.692377+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:39:23.067070
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
 Memorandum Decision shall not be
 regarded as precedent or cited before any
 court except for the purpose of establishing               Nov 21 2013, 8:53 am
 the defense of res judicata, collateral
 estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                           ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

M. BRUCE SCOTT                                    JAN BARTEAU BERG
Helmke Beams, LLP                                 Indianapolis, Indiana
Fort Wayne, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

JENNIFER K. STEVENSON,                            )
                                                  )
       Appellant-Petitioner,                      )
                                                  )
               vs.                                )    No. 11A01-1304-DR-160
                                                  )
DAVID C. STEVENSON,                               )
                                                  )
       Appellee-Respondent.                       )

                       APPEAL FROM THE CLAY SUPERIOR COURT
                           The Honorable J. Blaine Akers, Judge
                             Cause No. 11D01-1202-DR-106

                                       November 21, 2013

                MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

CRONE, Judge
                                       Case Summary

       Jennifer K. Stevenson (“Mother”) appeals a trial court order awarding primary

physical and legal custody of her two minor children to their father, David C. Stevenson

(“Father”). Finding that she has failed to establish that the trial court’s custody determination

was clearly erroneous, we affirm.

                               Facts and Procedural History

       Mother and Father were married in March 2003 and subsequently had two sons: E.S.,

born in September 2005, and N.S., born in August 2007. When the children were young,

both Mother and Father worked outside the home, and the children were in daycare. During

that time, Father was working at Rose Hulman Institute of Technology and often had to work

late. Mother spent the evenings caring for the children.

       In 2009, Mother began to exhibit mental health issues, including severe depression

and bipolar disorder, with hallucinations. She lost her job and was treated by a psychiatrist,

who prescribed medications to control her symptoms. She reported that she had become

physically aggressive with Father and had discontinued her medications on a couple

occasions. In addition to her mental health issues, Mother also suffered from Crohn’s

disease. She filed for marital dissolution, but dismissed the petition when she and Father

reconciled. Father began caring for the children in the evenings so that Mother could attend

classes at Ivy Tech. When she was not at class, Mother slept much of the time.

       In the summer of 2011, Father’s position at Rose Hulman was reclassified. In August

2011, he and Mother moved the family from Terre Haute to Center Point, Father’s former

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hometown, where he had numerous relatives and where E.S. could begin kindergarten. In

February 2012, Father came home and found a note on the door, in which Mother stated that

she wanted a divorce. Mother had taken the children, the van, and numerous household

items and moved to Fort Wayne. That same day, she filed a petition for dissolution. She

moved in with her mother and enrolled E.S. in a Fort Wayne school.

       In April 2012, Mother and Father entered into a preliminary agreement concerning

custody and parenting time, and the trial court approved the agreement by issuing a

preliminary order. Pursuant to the agreement, Mother had primary physical custody. At that

time, she was unemployed and could spend time with the children during the week. The

parties agreed that Father would have parenting time every weekend and that they would

meet halfway between Center Point and Fort Wayne each Friday and Sunday to make the

exchanges.

       A few months later, Mother moved from Fort Wayne to a rental home in Ossian and

enrolled E.S. in school there. Neither Father nor the trial court was notified of the changes.

Mother’s income was insufficient to cover her expenses, so she unilaterally discontinued

Father’s parenting time to save money on gas. In September 2012, Mother filed a petition to

modify the preliminary order, and Father filed an affidavit for rule to show cause why Mother

should not be held in contempt for failure to abide by the parenting time designations laid out

in the preliminary order. The trial court held a hearing and on October 10, 2012, issued an

order holding Mother in contempt and granting temporary physical custody of the children to

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Father. On October 12, 2012, Mother filed a motion to reconsider and a motion to correct

error, which the trial court denied.

       On January 4, 2013, the trial court entered its final decree of dissolution, awarding

primary physical and legal custody of the children to Father. Mother now appeals.

Additional facts will be provided as necessary.

                                  Discussion and Decision

       Mother contends that the trial court erred in awarding primary physical and legal

custody of E.S. and N.S. to Father. When reviewing a custody determination, we give

considerable deference to the trial court, which observes the parties’ conduct and demeanor.

In re Paternity of C.S., 964 N.E.2d 879, 883 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied. Where, as

here, the trial court sua sponte issues special findings of fact and conclusions thereon

pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 52(A), we apply a two-tiered standard of review in which we

first determine whether the evidence supports the findings and then determine whether the

findings support the judgment. In re Marriage of Duckworth, 989 N.E.2d 352, 353 (Ind. Ct.

App. 2013). Findings and conclusions will be set aside only if they are clearly erroneous. Id.

A judgment is clearly erroneous if it leaves us with a firm conviction that a mistake has been

made or if it applies the wrong legal standard to properly found facts. Kondamuri v.

Kondamuri, 852 N.E.2d 939, 944 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006). In conducting our review, we neither

reweigh evidence nor judge witness credibility. C.S., 964 N.E.2d at 883. Instead, we

consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences most favorable to the judgment.

Duckworth, 989 N.E.2d at 354.

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                                             I. Contempt Order

          At the outset, we address Mother’s claim that the trial court erred in imposing a

sanction not allowed by the indirect civil contempt statute, i.e., temporary modification of

custody.1 According to Indiana Code Section 34-47-3-6(c), if a defendant fails to deny,

explain, or avoid the facts set forth in the rule to show cause, the court may punish the

defendant by imposing a fine, imprisonment, or both. Clearly, the statute contemplates only

two types of sanctions, and Mother is correct in her assertion that the trial court erred in

deviating from the statutory sanctions. Notwithstanding, the nature of the sanction imposed

pursuant to the order to show cause did not figure into the trial court’s final dissolution

decree. Rather, the trial court was concerned with the behavior that precipitated the order to

show cause in the first place. In other words, Mother’s behavior in refusing to continue

Father’s parenting time as outlined in the preliminary order was a legitimate factor in the trial

court’s final determination concerning custody.

                                             II. Custody Order

          Mother also appeals the final dissolution decree, contending that the trial court clearly

erred in awarding physical and legal custody to Father. Indiana Code Section 31-17-2-8

states,

                 The court shall determine custody and enter a custody order in
          accordance with the best interests of the child. In determining the best
          interests of the child, there is no presumption favoring either parent. The court
          shall consider all relevant factors, including the following:

          1
          Father asserts that Mother waived her right to raise the issue in this appeal because she failed to file a
timely appeal of the order to show cause pursuant to Indiana Appellate Rule 9. Because the order to show
cause was not a final, appealable order, Father’s assertion is incorrect.

                                                         5
             (1) The age and sex of the child.
             (2) The wishes of the child’s parent or parents.
             (3) The wishes of the child, with more consideration given to the
             child’s wishes if the child is at least fourteen (14) years of age.
             (4) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with:
                     (A) the child’s parent or parents;
                     (B) the child’s sibling; and
                     (C) any other person who may significantly affect the child’s
                     best interests.
             (5) The child’s adjustment to the child’s:
                     (A) home;
                     (B) school; and
                     (C) community.
             (6) The mental and physical health of all individuals involved.
             (7) Evidence of a pattern of domestic or family violence by either
             parent.
             (8) Evidence that the child has been cared for by a de facto custodian,
             and if the evidence is sufficient, the court shall consider the factors
             described in section 8.5(b) of this chapter.

      In the dissolution decree, the trial court made the following findings concerning

custody:

             7. Approximately August 1, 2011, the parties, both agreed to move the
      boys from the Terre Haute address into a home in Clay County, Indiana
      (owned by father’s family) so the minor child [E.S.], could commence
      kindergarten, because both parents desired for the boys to attend Jackson
      Township Elementary School. Two (2) weeks after the move from Terre
      Haute, the parties placed [E.S.] in the Jackson Township Elementary School
      kindergarten program.

              8. Mother primarily took care of the minor children during father’s
      work days. However, mother would go to night school at Ivy Tech wherein
      father would assume the primary caretaking role of the children. Both parents
      testified they were both actively involved in raising the minor children and
      made joint decisions with each other regarding “major decisions” affecting the
      children’s lives, such as what school they would attend.

             9. Evidence (Respondent’s Exhibit 1), which the parties stipulated be
      sealed as confidential and not for public disclosure, was presented (Note: For
      purposes of any appeallate [sic] review, Respondent’s Exhibit 1 is of record.)

                                            6
In summary, the documents produced at trial show June 5, 2009, Mother
commenced being treated at Hamilton Center on or about June 5, 2009,
reporting depressed mood, sleep disturbance, irritability, agitation, increased
anxiety and having auditory and visual hallucinations. Mother also reported
feeling paranoid, seeing shadows of people following her and suicidal
thoughts. A review of Mother’s mental health records show that Mother has
an extensive history of mental health therapy and that Mother remains under
treatment in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Mother also suffers from Crohn’s Disease.
       Father argued at the final hearing that Mother’s health care and mental
health situation were concerns that should warrant him having custody. The
Court finds the Mother was open and candid about her entire situation,
including all of her health care treatment, and it appears she has taken
substantial steps to treat and counsel for any issues she has had or has, which is
a consideration this Court has taken into account. The Mother testified the
Father trusted Mother to care for the children on a daily basis throughout the
entirety of the marriage even after she was hospitalized and when she asked for
divorce shortly thereafter.
       Also, Mother presented concerns about Father which included his use
of physical punishment with objects such as belts and yardsticks for pre-school
aged children, and his obsession with pornography.

        10. The Father testified on February 15, 2012, he came home from
work, after having worked a full day, only to find certain items in his home
missing as well as [Mother] and the two (2) children gone; a note was attached
to the front door stating that Mother had filed for divorce and moved to Fort
Wayne. He further testified, without any knowledge or consent by him,
Mother enrolled [E.S.] in a kindergarten class in Fort Wayne, Indiana, initially,
but has subsequently moved, once again, to another home and another school
district in Ossian, Indiana.
        Mother testified she moved to Fort Wayne before the preliminary
hearing because she lived and worked there before the marriage, and her own
Mother was there to help her with a temporary place to stay, and to help her
care for the children, while Mother sought employment and found a decent
place to live. The parties clearly had troubles in their marriage before. Mother
previously filed for and pursued divorce, only to reconcile. The Mother
contends she knew that continuing this situation was not good, and the
marriage was simply not sustainable, and she desired to avoid a potentially
ugly confrontation in front of the children she would have anticipated to occur
given Father’s desires for the marriage to not end. Mother did not have
immediate family in this area, and she understood she would need to have
money to help support her children. Mother claims her concerns about the
Father were designed to help take the children from a bad situation into a

                                        7
potentially more stable situation, and were calculated to be in their best
interests, even though such a move would understandably hurt Father’s
feelings.
        The Mother testified the Father agreed to Mother having the children
the majority of the time while this case was pending. She said the Father
agreed to a situation where he would see the children on weekends and this
agreement was made at the same time an agreement was made to have a final
hearing in July 2012. Mother [sic] mediation ordered by the Court was not
completed. Mother maintains there was no evidence she intentionally
frustrated or delayed the mediation process. Mother testified the frequency of
parenting time exchanges were clearly designed to last until that July hearing.
Also the Mother testified the children were adapting well to their living
environment and the oldest child had done very well in completing
kindergarten and in starting first grade.

      11. During the pendency of this action, in order to reserve a contested
custody action for the final hearing herein, the parties entered into a
Preliminary Agreement wherein the parties agreed as follows:

       “1.    The parties will share joint legal custody of the minor children.
              [Mother] will have primary physical custody of the children.
              [Father] will have parenting time at all reasonable times agreed
              upon by the parties, and particularly, the parties agree to the
              following schedule and conditions about parenting time:

              a.     [Father] will have regular parenting time every weekend
                     from Friday at 6:30 p.m. until Sunday at 6:00 p.m. This
                     will begin Friday April 13, 2012.

              b.     Exchanges will occur at a mutually agreeable location on
                     Exit 1, off of Interstate 69 on the north side of
                     Indianapolis, Indiana. [Father]’s sister … will be able to
                     assist in transportation for [Father] if his work schedule
                     prevents him from participating ….”

       12. On September 10, 2012, Father filed an Affidavit for Rule to Show
Cause to hold Mother in contempt of court in that Father alleged the Mother
refused to grant to Father parenting time consistent with the Preliminary Order
and stated that she would only provide parenting time on “alternating”
weekends. During the the [sic] Rule to Show Cause hearing, the Mother
asserted:

                                      8
               a. the planned parenting time of every weekend and alternating
       weeks in the summer was unquestionably complied with by the parties
       until the date of the first Final Hearing in July, as well as up until when
       first grade started for the oldest child in August;

              b. it was only after the previously anticipated date of that first
       Final Hearing that Mother had serious concerns she could not afford
       transportation, and there was no evidence that Mother was to be solely
       blamed for that continuance;

              c. Mother was working full time when the problems arose and
       was trying to meet a variety of expenses and obligations she had with
       limited funds for which she was receiving minimal support for from
       Father.

        This Court entered a[n] order October 10, 2012 on [Father]’s affidavit
for Rule to Show Cause and this order was entered pending the entry of the
final dissolution decree. This Court found and ordered:

       “It is obvious to the Court that the [Mother] wants to control and does
what she wants, when she wants to do it, even though her actions conceivably
are damaging the relationship between the children and their father. Her
leaving Clay County with the children only posting a note to the door of their
residence may have been for a variety of legitimate reasons, but [Mother]
presented no evidence other than to answer the Court’s question of why she
moved, stating ‘I didn’t want [Father] to know’ and ‘I wanted to move in my
direction,’ inferring she wanted control of the situation regardless of
[Father]’s feelings or relationship with the children.”

       13. One of the primary reasons the parties originally decided to move
the boys to Clay County, Indiana is so that they could go to Jackson Township
Elementary School with teachers and the principal known to Father, as he went
to said elementary school as a child. Further, his mother had taught there,
previously. Further, Clay County, Indiana is the county where ten (10)
extended paternal family members reside, including the paternal grandparents;
two (2) aunts; two (2) uncles; and four (4) cousins. One of [E.S.]’s cousins …
was in his kindergarten class at Jackson. The Mother disputes the closeness of
the children with the Father’s extended family, claiming their contact is about
once a month.

       14. Mother testified that her mother lives in Fort Wayne as does her
father and his wife; however, Mother testified that she does not have a

                                        9
        relationship with her father. Father testified that Clay County, Indiana
        provides positive male role models for the minor boys in this matter, including
        Father, grandfather, and two (2) uncles.

               15. Another reason the parties moved to Clay County, Indiana was for
        purposes of daycare. Father and another witness testified daycare could be
        provided by the paternal grandmother or an aunt. Testimony revealed the boys
        are very close to their Clay County relatives. Further, testimony revealed the
        paternal grandmother has a master’s degree in elementary school education
        and could be very valuable for purposes of homework should she provide
        daycare when necessary.

                16. Due to the distance between the parties present residences, and
        taking into consideration the behavior of the Mother while this cause was
        pending and, in part because of her mental well-being, the Court finds it is not
        in the best interest to award joint custody.

Appellant’s App. at 33-36.2

        Mother challenges each of the findings above. However, her arguments focus on

parsing particular words from each finding instead of challenging the information as taken in

context. For example, in Finding 7, she disputes the trial court’s use of the word “because”

in stating that both she and Father wanted to move to Clay County “because both parents

desired for the boys to attend Jackson Township Elementary School.” Id. at 33. She

similarly complains that Finding 13 (covering the reasons for moving to Clay County) is not

supported by evidence. Both of these findings are supported by Mother’s own testimony

admitting that while the schools were not the only reason that the couple desired to move, it

        2
            Notably, several of the trial court’s findings of fact include the phrases, “Mother testified” or “Father
testified.” Appellant’s App. at 33-36. Although Mother does not specifically challenge the trial court’s
findings on this basis, we remind the trial court that “merely reciting that a witness testified to X, Y, or Z” does
not amount to finding that X, Y, or Z is a fact as contemplated by Indiana Trial Rule 52(A). In re Adoption of
T.J.F., 798 N.E.2d 867, 874 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). Instead, “the trier of fact must find that what the witness
testified to is the fact.” Id.

                                                        10
was “one of the primary reasons.” Tr. at 70. She likewise parses the term “joint decisions”

in Finding 8. The record is replete with evidence indicating that until Mother unilaterally

decided to leave home with the children, joint decisions were common practice in the

marriage.

       Mother continues the hairsplitting by challenging the trial court’s characterization of

her reason for absconding with the children as her desire “to avoid a potentially ugly

confrontation in front of the children.” Appellant’s App. at 34 (Finding 10). The sum of the

evidence supports this, as she admitted to physical altercations with Father in the past.

Additionally, she challenges the trial court’s characterization of the children’s relationships

with paternal extended family as being “close,” “positive,” and “valuable.” Id. at 36

(Findings 13-15). The only challenged reference that finds no support in the record is the

trial court’s general reference in Finding 9 to Mother being “hospitalized.” Id. at 33. We

find this reference to be innocuous, especially when taken in context of the entire finding,

which references her physical maladies and not merely her mental health issues.

       In sum, Mother’s arguments consist of invitations to reweigh evidence and judge

witness credibility, which we may not do. The trial court’s conclusion concerning the best

interests of the children was based on a number of factors, including extended family

support, Mother’s mental and financial instability and how those factors affect her

decisionmaking and conduct concerning the children, and the distance that she voluntarily

placed between herself and Father. The record supports the trial court’s findings, and the

findings support its conclusion that awarding physical custody to Father is in the children’s

                                              11
best interests. As such, we conclude that the trial court’s custody order is not clearly

erroneous. Accordingly, we affirm.

      Affirmed.

BARNES, J., and PYLE, J., concur.

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