Court Opinion

ID: 6907581
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-23 22:03:03.494869+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:06:25.011609
License: Public Domain

RAND, J.
— This is a suit for the specific perfor- . manee of an alleged contract. The complaint alleges that the plaintiff and M. I. Draper, one of the defendants, entered into a contract whereby the plaintiff contracted to sell and convey to Draper 315.24 acres of land owned by the plaintiff in the State of Montana for the agreed 0price of $20 per acre, and that Draper, upon his part, agreed to deed to the plaintiff certain real property belonging to him in Ontario, Oregon, for which he was to be allowed and credited the sum of $3,500 upon the purchase price of the Montana land and that Draper assumed and agreed to pay an indebtedness secured by a mortgage upon the Montana property amounting to $1,800 and to pay the balance in money to the plaintiff.
1. The complaint alleged that Draper was the owner of the Ontario property. This was denied in the answer. To establish title in Draper the plaintiff introduced certified copies of deeds of record purporting to convey the Ontario property to the defendant M. I. Draper and also introduced evidence upon the trial showing that Draper was in possession of the property. No evidence denying ownership in Draper was offered by the defendant. From this it follows that the legal title to the Ontario property was established to be in Draper as alleged in the complaint. Inserted in the answer, following the denial of ownership in Draper of the Ontario property, is a clause containing the following words:
“Admit that the defendant Mrs. M. I. Draper is the owner of the property described.”
This admission was not in response to any allegation contained in the complaint alleging ownership in her. The admission so inserted is a mere nullity *106and does not constitute any allegation of ownership in the wife. It was contended that inasmuch as no reference to this admission was made in the reply the title in her stands admitted of record. The insertion into a pleading of a clause pretending to admit a fact not pleaded by the opposite party is not a proper way to plead, raises no issue, is not capable of being denied and should not be tolerated.
2. The rule is settled in this state that in suits for the specific performance of contracts for the sale of land where the wife having a right of dower in the land is sued jointly with her husband upon a contract not binding upon her and the object of the suit is to divest her of her inchoate right of dower, the suit cannot be maintained against her nor against her husband unless prior to the decree in the lower court the plaintiff elects to accept the deed of the husband alone because as to her the contract lacks mutuality. The court will not coerce the wife to perform a contract made by her husband alone, which she is not legally bound to perform: Kuratli v. Jackson, 60 Or. 203 (118 Pac. 192, 1013, Ann. Oas. 1914A, 203, 38 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1195); Leo v. Deitz, 63 Or. 261 (127 Pac. 550). This rule, however, must be limited to cases where the wife has a present existing right of dower in the lands involved.
3. A motion to amend the prayer of the complaint was filed by the plaintiff before the entry of the decree in the court below so that the wife should be decreed to have no dower .right in the husband’s land, and demanding a decree for specific performance against Draper alone. It appears that this motion was never called to the direct attention of the court and no order was ever made concerning it. The motion so filed will not be considered to have been waived even if the *107matter was not called to thfe attention of the court in the absence of a showing that the plaintiff abandoned the motion, the motion being a part of the. files of the suit and presumably within the knowledge of the court. This constituted an election upon the part of the plaintiff to accept the deed of the defendant, M. I. Draper, alone within the rule referred to requiring the plaintiff to elect. However, the plaintiff was not required to elect because at the trial the wife when called as witness testified that she was then and for four years prior thereto had been living at Custer, Montana. Section 10073 Or. L., provides, among other things, that — 1
“Any woman residing out of the state shall be entitled to dower of the lands of her deceased husband lying in this state of which her husband died seised.”
4. This section was under consideration by this court in Cunningham v. Friendly, 70 Or. 222 (139 Pac. 928,140 Pac. 989), and it was there held that a woman residing out of the estate shall be entitled to dower in lands only of which her husband died seised, citing-in support thereof, Thornburn v. Doscher, 32 Fed. 811, that in partition suits a nonresident wife is not a necessary party to such a suit. Under the provisions of this statute as so construed by this court the wife being a nonresident of the state, had no right of dower in the lands involved and was not a necessary party to the suit as she had no interest therein.
On May 29,1918, the defendant at Custer, Montana, wrote a letter to the plaintiff at La Grande, Oregon, stating that he had some income property in Ontario, Oregon, which he would like to trade to the plaintiff for the lands owned by the plaintiff in Montana. Subsequently, he wired to the plaintiff as follows:
*108“I have four three-room houses and five lots in one block in the best part of town. One four room house and two lots in another block. I will trade this property in on your ranch at three thousand five hundred. Come down and see it.”
Plaintiff testified, and it is not disputed, that on going to Ontario the defendant Draper pointed out the Ontario property to him and that they at that time entered into a parol agreement. His testimony, as to the agreement, is as follows:
“I agreed to exchange half a section of land that I had in Custer, Montana, at $20 per acre, and I was to receive five cottages in Ontario, Oregon, for $3500 of that, and Mr. Draper was to assume a mortgage of $1,800 that was on the land there that I was turning to him and was to pay the balance in cash. There was a water right that Mr. Draper was to turn over to me, covering four of these cottages, the ones that stood together. I was to have the rent of those five cottages from that date. Mr. Draper was to have the rent of the Custer place for the year 1918.”
On August 19th the defendant Draper wrote to the plaintiff a letter of which the following is a copy :
“Custer, Mont.
“Mr. E. Woolsey,
“La Grande, Ore.
“Dear Sir:
“Tour instructions to Mr. Sharp does not jibe with our agreement. Tou say to Mr. Sharp that I am to pay you $6400 less mortgage $1800. Less $3500 value of my Ontario property. Now your abstract only calls for 215.24 acres at $20 per acre which I agreed to pay you per acre would be only $6305.00. I told you I would take your property at $20 per acre not $6400.00. I will guarantee the house I showed you are the ones I own in Ontario, Oregon. Tou must be in the habit of trading with a lot of crooks to think this. I have a water right with the property that has the four cottages on and will sent *109it to you. The banking corporation of Helena who has a mortgage on that property says you have an insurance on the house which is of no value to you as there has not been any one living in the house to my knowledge for two years. I wish you would transfer that policy to me.
“Please attend to this at once if I am to get this place I want to know at once, if not, lets forget it.
“Tours truly
“M. I. Draper.”
Other letters were introduced and from them it appears that the plaintiff directed his lessee upon the Montana land to pay the rent to Draper and Draper directed his Ontario agent to pay the rent on the Ontario premises to the plaintiff and at Draper’s request the insurance upon the buildings on the Montana land was made payable in case of loss to Draper. Abstracts were prepared and delivered and no question was raised as to the sufficiency of the title to the property of either party. The plaintiff executed a deed for his Montana property and delivered the same to a bank at Custer, to be delivered to the defendant Draper upon his compliance with the contract, but the deed was never delivered. On September 1, 1918, the defendant wrote to the plaintiff a letter stating in effect, that owing to the condition of the money market, he was not able to raise the money necessary to carry out the contract and stating that he would call the deal off.
5. In order to make a contract binding under the statute of frauds, it is not necessary that it should be all contained in one paper. Letters passing between the parties may supply such evidence as the statute requires: Fry on Specific Performance, § 537. There is, however, no such evidence in this case.
6. The telegram and letters offered in evidence wholly fail to show any written contract between the *110parties, but from them it is obvious that a parol contract was entered into for tbe transfer of land by each to the other. Tbe offer made in tbe telegram is a mere proposal or offer to negotiate for tbe making of a contract and is so indefinite and incomplete in its terms that its acceptance before withdrawal could not ripen into a contract. Nor is it claimed that it was accepted, but on tbe contrary tbe plaintiff testifies, that after receiving tbe telegram be went to Ontario, saw tbe property and entered into a parol contract with tbe defendant. Tbe letter of August 19th recites what Draper admits be bad obligated himself to do and what be claimed tbe plaintiff was obligated to do, but nowhere in any writing can be found any promise or agreement by tbe plaintiff to do any of those things. His promises are wholly in parol and being within tbe statute of frauds, cannot be specifically enforced. Therefore, there is no mutuality of remedy between tbe parties, without which neither party can obtain specific performance against tbe other.
7. In cases of this kind it is an elementary rule that whenever a contract is intended to bind both of tbe parties, if for any reason one of them is not bound, be cannot compel performance by tbe other: Pom. on Specific Performance of Contracts (2 ed.), § 164, and cases cited.
8. Again, if everything appearing in the record had been included in a written contract signed by both parties, this suit would fail, because there is no sufficient description of tbe property to be affected by tbe contract to be found anywhere therein.
Tbe rule was established in this state in -the early case of Whiteaker v. Vanschoiack, 5 Or. 113, where it was held that before tbe court will exercise its *111extraordinary jurisdiction of enforcing the specific performance,
“not only must a contract for the sale of lands be in writing, under the statute, but the lands must be certainly described in the writing, so as to be capable of identification without reference to extrinsic proof.”
And again the same rule was announced in the case of Knight v. Alexander, 42 Or. 521 (71 Pac. 657), as follows:
“Before a court can decree the specific performance of a contract to convey real estate, whether in writing or parol, such contract must be certain in its terms, both as to the description of the property and the estate to be conveyed; and, unless the land is so described therein that it can be identified, specific performance will be denied: Browne, Stat. Frauds (4 ed.), 385; Whiteaker v. Vanschoiack, 5 Or. 113; Brown v. Lord, 7 Or. 302, 311; Wagonblast v. Whitney, 12 Or. 83 (6 Pac. 399); Ferguson v. Blackwell, 8 Okl. 489 (58 Pac. 647); Preston v. Preston, 95 U. S. 200 (24 L. Ed. 494, see, also, Rose’s U. S. Notes). Courts do not permit parol evidence to be given to describe the property intended to be included in the contract, and then apply such description to the terms thereof.”
The court then cited numerous cases illustrating the principle, and said:
“Numerous other cases of similar import are referred to in 22 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law, 963, from all of which it appears that, to entitle the vendee to a decree for the specific performance of a contract relating to real estate, the land involved must be described therein with such accuracy and clearness that it can be identified and its boundaries determined beyond the possibility of any future controversy.”
See, also, Riggs 1. Adhins, 95 Or. 414, 419 (187 Pac. 303), and Freenaughty v. Beall, 91 Or. 654, 667 (178 Pac. 600).
*112There was no testimony tending to show part performance to take the case out of the statute of frauds. Neither party entered into possession of the real property he was trading for, or expended any money, or made any valuable improvements thereon. In fact, nothing was done by either party to change the position of the other.
The decree of the lower court will therefore be affirmed, neither party to recover costs in this court.
Affirmed.