Court Opinion

ID: 4538475
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-06-03 14:11:51.849878+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:44:27.555176
License: Public Domain

06/02/2020
        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT NASHVILLE
                         Assigned on Briefs March 18, 2020

   STATE OF TENNESSEE v. ANTHONY TREMAYNE CARTWRIGHT

                Appeal from the Criminal Court for Davidson County
                     No. 2016-D-2156 Steve R. Dozier, Judge
                     ___________________________________

                           No. M2019-00519-CCA-R3-CD
                       ___________________________________

A Davidson County Criminal Court Jury convicted the Appellant, Anthony Tremayne,
Cartwright, of aggravated assault, a Class C felony, and domestic assault, a Class A
misdemeanor, and the trial court sentenced him to consecutive sentences of fourteen
years and eleven months, twenty-nine days, respectively. On appeal, the Appellant
contends that the evidence is insufficient to support his convictions because the victim’s
testimony was unreliable and actually shows he was acting in self-defense. Based upon
the record and the parties’ briefs, we affirm the judgments of the trial court.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Criminal Court Affirmed

NORMA MCGEE OGLE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT W.
WEDEMEYER and D. KELLY THOMAS, JR., JJ., joined.

Jay Allen Umerley (on appeal) and Andrew Chad Davidson (at trial), Nashville,
Tennessee, for the appellant, Anthony Tremayne Cartwright.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Renee W. Turner, Senior Assistant
Attorney General; Glenn R. Funk, District Attorney General; and Kate Melby and J.
Wesley King, Assistant District Attorneys General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                       OPINION

                                I. Factual Background

        In November 2016, the Davidson County Grand Jury indicted the Appellant for
two counts of aggravated assault against the victim, Nekedah Owens. At trial, the victim
testified that in April 2016, the Appellant was her boyfriend. On the night of April 15,
the victim consumed “about a whole pint of vodka,” “went through” the Appellant’s
cellular telephone, and discovered he had been “texting other girls.” The victim went
into her bedroom and locked the door, but the Appellant “kicked it down” to get his
telephone from her. The victim said that she hit the Appellant and that she “must have hit
him too hard” because they began “tussling.” The Appellant went to the front door and
tried to leave, but the victim hit him again. The victim ended up on the floor with the
Appellant on top of her.

       The victim testified that the Appellant started choking her with both of his hands.
The State asked the victim, “And on a scale of 1 to 10, how hard was he squeezing your
neck?” The victim answered, “About an eight and [a] half.” The victim could not
breathe and was crying, and she tried to “swing” at the Appellant to stop him. The
Appellant strangled the victim for thirty to fifty seconds, and the victim’s eyes were
“rolling behind [her] head.” The Appellant stopped choking the victim and left her home.

       The victim testified that her neighbors heard her screaming and called the police.
The victim’s neck was sore. She also had scratches on her neck but would not allow the
police to photograph her injuries because she was trying to protect the Appellant. The
victim said that she was “drunk” at the time of the incident but that she remembered what
happened.

       The victim testified that on June 19, 2016, she and the Appellant were supposed to
meet at a hotel room. The victim explained to the jury that she agreed to meet him
because he had been “messing around” with another woman and because the victim was
“going to kick his ass at the room.” The victim consumed Xanax and alcohol and “ended
up passing out” at her home, which did not have air conditioning at the time. The
Appellant arrived at the victim’s residence, woke her, and told her that it was too hot in
the house. The victim said that the Appellant made her go outside and that he was trying
to save her life.

       The victim testified that she started crying and “going off on” the Appellant. The
victim and the Appellant got into a car, but the Appellant “jumped out of the car and took
off running.” The Appellant ended up on 17th Avenue North. The victim stated that she
also ended up on 17th Avenue North and that she was “blacking in and out.” She stated,
“I didn’t even know how I got down there. I was down there without no shoes on.
That’s how I know I was tripping and I was under the influence and all of that.” The
victim said that she “cussed out some dude,” that she tried to break out the Appellant’s
car window with a brick, and that she and the Appellant argued. The victim saw a “flash
of white light” and “woke up on the ground.” The State asked who hit her, and the victim
answered, “I’m not going to say that he did or didn’t do it, but [he] was the person that I
was arguing with.” The victim said that she also remembered being dragged but that she
did not know who dragged her. The victim stated that she was lying on her back and that

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one of her ears was bleeding. The victim looked to her right and saw the Appellant’s car
“pull off.” She said the Appellant left her lying in the middle of the street.

       The victim testified that she was “in and out of consciousness” during the incident.
She said that she did not see the Appellant hit her but that he was “right in front of [her]”
before she ended up on the ground and that she thought he hit her. The police arrived at
the scene, and the victim was transported to a hospital. She said that one of her ears was
“ripped apart” and that her eardrum was ruptured. The victim received twenty-four
stitches and suffered nerve damage to her ear. At the time of the Appellant’s trial, she
was still experiencing ear pain. The victim said that her damaged ear was “smaller” than
her other ear and that she tried to keep her hair pulled down over it. She said that
although she consumed alcohol and Xanax that night, she remembered what happened.

       The victim acknowledged testifying at the Appellant’s preliminary hearing.
During the hearing, the victim frequently said she did not remember what happened on
April 15 and June 19. She said she lied at the hearing because she was trying to protect
the Appellant. The victim said she was five feet, three inches tall and weighed about one
hundred fifteen pounds.

       On cross-examination, the victim testified that she was a single parent with five
children and that she first met the Appellant in September 2012. She said she had been
diagnosed with bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression,
schizoaffective disorder, and “[p]robably posttraumatic stress.” The victim was not
taking any medications for her mental illnesses in April or June 2016. The victim took
Xanax on June 19, but she did not have a prescription for the drug. The victim
acknowledged that she “blacked out” during both incidents and said that no one ever told
her not to consume Xanax with alcohol.

        The victim testified that she had “anger issues” but that she had never been
diagnosed with an anger problem. She stated, “I feel like all of this could have been
avoided if he would have been honest with me about a lot of stuff. . . . And he knows how
I react.” She said that she loved the Appellant, that she was not afraid of him, and that
“[h]e’s probably afraid of me.”

        Officer Phillip Black of the Metropolitan Nashville Police Department (MNPD)
testified that at 12:21 a.m. on April 15, 2016, he responded to an address on 22nd Avenue
North. He arrived at the scene three minutes later and found it “pretty chaotic.” Medical
personnel and other officers were present, and the victim was “kind of distraught.” She
had scratches on her neck, upper left cheek, right elbow, and right knee and named the
Appellant, who was not present, as her assailant. The victim was transported to a
hospital. Officer Black went into the victim’s home and saw that a door “was knocked
                                            -3-
off of the hinges in the back bedroom.” He acknowledged that the door was “completely
off” its hinges and said that the door was “laying on the floor.”

       Officer Black testified that on June 19, 2016, he was dispatched to 17th Avenue
North and Cockrill Street, which was a couple of streets east of the previous address.
When he arrived, the victim had a “severe” injury to her ear and was bleeding
“profusely.” The victim’s ear had been “ripped partially off.” The victim was
“[e]xtremely distraught and upset” and was transported to a hospital.

       On cross-examination, Officer Black testified that the victim refused to let him
photograph her neck on April 15. He said that he did not see any swelling to her neck but
that “sometimes it takes some days or hours to show up.” The victim told Officer Black
that she did not lose consciousness during the incident. Officer Black said that when he
arrived on the scene on June 19, the victim was “angry upset belligerent, in a lot of pain.”
He said she did not appear to be intoxicated on April 15 or June 19.

       Jason Holley, the victim’s uncle, testified that on April 15, 2016, he learned the
victim had gone to a hospital. Holley went there and saw that the victim had scratches on
her neck. In the early morning hours of June 19, Holley learned the victim was in the
hospital again. He said that he went there and that “like a piece of her ear was off.”

       Holley testified that after the first incident but prior to May 1, 2016, the Appellant
telephoned him. Holley asked the Appellant why he had assaulted the victim, and the
Appellant told Holley to “stay out” of their relationship. Holley said, “[He] stated if I
didn’t, he would F-me up.”

      On cross-examination, Holley acknowledged that he loved the victim. He said his
conversation with the Appellant lasted one minute or less.

       Officer Trevin Tolbert of the MNPD testified that on April 15, 2016, he responded
to a home on 22nd Avenue North. Officer Black was present when Officer Tolbert
arrived. Officer Tolbert said that he went into the victim’s house and that the interior was
“pretty disheveled and one of the rear bedroom doors had been forced open and kicked
down.” The victim was present, but Officer Black did not speak with her.

       Officer Tolbert testified that on June 19, 2016, he received a call “about a young
lady that was laying in the street or on the sidewalk bleeding.” Officer Tolbert went to
17th Avenue North and found the victim lying on the sidewalk. She was bleeding and
appeared to have a severe laceration around her ear. Officer Tolbert put on gloves and
applied pressure to the wound until medics arrived. He said that the victim was in pain,
that she was “pretty upset,” and that she “wasn’t really able to say much.” The victim
                                            -4-
was transported by ambulance to a hospital, and Officer Tolbert followed her. He said
that when they arrived at the hospital, he could see that “the top of her ear looked like it
was basically ripped in half.” The Appellant was the only suspect in this case and was
described as an African-American male; five feet, eleven inches to six feet tall; and
weighing about two hundred thirty pounds.

       On cross-examination, Officer Tolbert testified that the victim “didn’t appear to be
intoxicated at all” during the June incident but that she was “very upset.” He explained
that the victim “would be excited and then not excited” and acknowledged that she was
not “as responsive” at times. The victim “basically said” the Appellant attacked her. At
the conclusion of Officer Tolbert’s testimony, the State rested its case.

        The Appellant testified that he began dating the victim in 2012. On April 15,
2016, he went to her house, and they had sex. The Appellant left the victim’s home but
had to return to get his telephone. He said that the victim had “went through” his
telephone, that she had “seen some texts,” and that she started hitting him. The Appellant
tried to leave, but the victim pulled his hair. The Appellant asked the victim for his
telephone, but she hit him with it. The Appellant said that he was trying to keep the
victim from hitting him and that he was holding her hands so she could not hit him in the
face. He stated, “I . . . probably held her for a few seconds to see if she will calm down.
Sometimes she will calm down, sometimes she won’t.” The Appellant got off the victim
and “took off running.” He said that he did not kick down the victim’s bedroom door and
that the door “was already tore up from a fight she had with her cousin.” The Appellant
stated that the door was already off its hinges and that he “moved the door to the side” so
he could get into the bedroom and get his telephone from her. The Appellant said that he
was “seeing other [women]” and that he “got caught.” He said that he never hit or
strangled the victim and that he thought the victim was intoxicated.

        The Appellant testified that on June 19, 2016, the victim was “kind of mad” at him
because he had posted information on Facebook about a trip he took with his children and
another woman. The victim worked at KFC, so the Appellant went there and apologized
to her. The victim agreed to meet him at a hotel room. That night, the Appellant stopped
by the victim’s home. He found her front door “wide open” and the victim asleep. She
was “drenched” in sweat, so he made her go outside to get some air. The victim tried to
hit the Appellant, and he “jumped in the backseat” of his friend’s car. The victim got into
the front seat of the car, climbed into the back seat, and was hitting and kicking the
Appellant. The Appellant “jumped out of the car and took off running.”

       The Appellant testified that he went to his aunt’s house on 17th Avenue North and
that the victim showed up five to ten minutes later. He said that she was “arguing with
everybody” and that she “almost got into a fistfight with this other man.” The Appellant
                                           -5-
stopped the man from hurting the victim, and the victim started chasing the Appellant.
The victim could not catch the Appellant, so she tried to break the windows of his car
with a brick. The victim grabbed a beer bottle off the ground and tried to hit the
Appellant, but he wrestled it away from her. He stated as follows:

             And then some kind of way man, I don’t know, I think I took my
      eyes off of her -- I think I took my eyes off of her for a split second. And
      then when I turned around, she was there with a brick trying to hit me with
      it. And all I did was just push her to keep her from hitting me with the
      brick and, you know what I’m saying, and she fell. That’s all it was.

The Appellant acknowledged he was acting in self-defense. He said he thought the
victim was intoxicated on June 19 because her cousin told him that the victim “took a
pill” and “had been drinking.”

       On cross-examination, the Appellant testified that he tried to leave the victim’s
house on April 15 but that she was holding him down. He said that the victim “got tired
and gave up” and that he “took off running.” He acknowledged that he did not call the
police on the victim and denied calling or threatening Jason Holley.

       The Appellant acknowledged that the victim’s ear may have been “damaged” on
June 19 when he pushed her. He said that she fell and was “out” and that he did not see
her bleeding. The Appellant got into his car and left the scene. He acknowledged having
prior convictions for felony theft, aggravated burglary, and attempted tampering with
evidence. He said he was five feet, nine inches tall and weighed one hundred eighty
pounds.

       At the conclusion of the Appellant’s testimony, the jury found him guilty of
domestic assault as a lesser-included offense of aggravated assault for the April 15
incident and guilty as charged in the indictment of aggravated assault for the June 19
incident. After a sentencing hearing, the trial court sentenced him as a Range III,
persistent offender to fourteen years for aggravated assault, a Class C felony, and eleven
months twenty-nine days for domestic assault, a Class A misdemeanor. The trial court
ordered that the Appellant serve the eleven-month, twenty-nine-day sentence
consecutively to the fourteen-year sentence and ordered that he serve both sentences
consecutively to a previous sentence.

                                      II. Analysis

      The Appellant claims that the evidence is insufficient to support the convictions
because the jury gave “undue” weight to the victim’s testimony. He asserts that the
                                          -6-
victim’s alcohol and drug use show that she did not have an accurate recollection of what
happened on April 15 or June 19 and that her testimony shows he was acting in self-
defense. The State argues that the evidence is sufficient. We agree with the State.

       When an appellant challenges the sufficiency of the convicting evidence, the
standard for review by an appellate court is “whether, after viewing the evidence in the
light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” Jackson v. Virginia, 443
U.S. 307, 319 (1979); Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e). The State is entitled to the strongest
legitimate view of the evidence and all reasonable or legitimate inferences which may be
drawn therefrom. State v. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d 832, 835 (Tenn. 1978). Questions
concerning the credibility of witnesses and the weight and value to be afforded the
evidence, as well as all factual issues raised by the evidence, are resolved by the trier of
fact. State v. Bland, 958 S.W.2d 651, 659 (Tenn. 1997). This court will not reweigh or
reevaluate the evidence, nor will this court substitute its inferences drawn from the
circumstantial evidence for those inferences drawn by the jury. Id. Because a jury
conviction removes the presumption of innocence with which a defendant is initially
cloaked at trial and replaces it on appeal with one of guilt, a convicted defendant has the
burden of demonstrating to this court that the evidence is insufficient. State v. Tuggle,
639 S.W.2d 913, 914 (Tenn. 1982).

       A guilty verdict can be based upon direct evidence, circumstantial evidence, or a
combination of direct and circumstantial evidence. State v. Hall, 976 S.W.2d 121, 140
(Tenn. 1998). “The jury decides the weight to be given to circumstantial evidence, and
‘[t]he inferences to be drawn from such evidence, and the extent to which the
circumstances are consistent with guilt and inconsistent with innocence, are questions
primarily for the jury.’” State v. Rice, 184 S.W.3d 646, 662 (Tenn. 2006) (quoting
Marable v. State, 313 S.W.2d 451, 457 (Tenn. 1958)). “The standard of review ‘is the
same whether the conviction is based upon direct or circumstantial evidence.’” State v.
Dorantes, 331 S.W.3d 370, 379 (Tenn. 2011) (quoting State v. Hanson, 279 S.W.3d 265,
275 (Tenn. 2009)).

       In count one of the indictment, the Appellant was charged with aggravated assault
by strangulation for the April 15 incident; however, the jury convicted him of the lesser-
included offense of domestic assault. Domestic assault is defined as intentionally,
knowingly, or recklessly causing bodily injury to a domestic abuse victim. Tenn. Code
Ann. § 39-13-111(b). “Bodily injury” is defined as “including a cut, abrasion, bruise,
burn or disfigurement, and physical pain or temporary illness or impairment of the
function of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-11-
106(a)(2). A “domestic abuse victim” includes adults who are dating, who have dated, or
who have had a sexual relationship. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-111(a)(2), (3).
                                           -7-
       In count two of the indictment, the Appellant was charged with and convicted of
aggravated assault for the June 19 incident. Relevant to this case, a person commits
aggravated assault who intentionally or knowingly commits an assault and the assault
results in serious bodily injury. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-102(a)(1)(A)(i). A person
commits assault who intentionally or knowingly causes another reasonably to fear
imminent bodily injury. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-101(a)(2).

        Taken in the light most favorable to the State, the evidence shows that the victim
and the Appellant were dating and had a sexual relationship. On April 15, 2016, the
victim consumed a pint of vodka, looked through the Appellant’s telephone, and became
upset. When the Appellant returned to the victim’s home to get his telephone, the victim
went into her bedroom and locked the door. The Appellant kicked open the door, and the
victim hit him with the telephone. They tussled, and the Appellant ended up on top of the
victim with his hands around her neck. After the incident, the victim’s neck was sore,
and Officer Phillips saw scratches on her neck and other parts of her body. On June 19,
2016, the victim consumed alcohol and Xanax. She and the Appellant had an altercation
outside her home and ended up on 17th Avenue North. They argued, and the Appellant
hit the victim, knocking her to the ground. During the melee, the victim’s ear was
partially ripped off. Although the Appellant claims that the victim was not credible
because she had consumed alcohol and drugs, the credibility of the witnesses is within
the purview of the jury. See State v. Millsaps, 30 S.W.3d 364, 368 (Tenn. Crim. App.
2000). The victim testified that she remembered both incidents, and Officer Black
testified that the victim did not appear to be intoxicated on April 15 or June 19.
Therefore, we conclude that the evidence is sufficient to support the Appellant’s
convictions of aggravated assault and domestic assault.

      As to the Appellant’s claim that he was acting in self-defense, Tennessee Code
Annotated section 39-11-611(b)(1) provides that

      a person who is not engaged in unlawful activity and is in a place where the
      person has a right to be has no duty to retreat before threatening or using
      force against another person when and to the degree the person reasonably
      believes the force is immediately necessary to protect against the other's use
      or attempted use of unlawful force.

Self-defense is a fact question for the jury. State v. Clifton, 880 S.W.2d 737, 743 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1994). When a defendant relies upon a theory of self-defense, it is the State’s
burden to show that the defendant did not act in self-defense. State v. Sims, 45 S.W.3d 1,
10 (Tenn. 2001).

                                          -8-
       In this case, the trial court instructed the jury on self-defense, and the jury rejected
that defense. Given that the Appellant kicked down the victim’s bedroom door and
tussled with her on April 15, causing scratches to her body, and that he knocked her to
the ground, tearing her ear, on June 19, we agree that a reasonable jury could have
rejected the Appellant’s self-defense claim. We note that the victim was only five feet,
three inches tall and weighed one hundred fifteen pounds whereas the Appellant was five
feet nine inches tall and weighed at least one hundred eighty pounds. Accordingly, the
evidence is sufficient to support the Appellant’s convictions.

                                      III. Conclusion

         Based upon the record and the parties’ briefs, we affirm the judgments of the trial
court.

                                                   _________________________________
                                                   NORMA MCGEE OGLE, JUDGE

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