Court Opinion

ID: 2820734
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-07-28 05:13:23.464261+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:30:58.002340
License: Public Domain

AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed July 27, 2015.

                                          S   In The
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       No. 05-14-00661-CV

                IN THE MATTER OF THE MARRIAGE OF S.C. AND M.C.
                                     AND
                       IN THE INTEREST OF C.E.C., A CHILD

                       On Appeal from the 417th Judicial District Court
                                    Collin County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. 417-52684-2012

                              MEMORANDUM OPINION
                          Before Justices Bridges, Fillmore, and Brown
                                  Opinion by Justice Fillmore

       Pro se appellant M.C. appeals from the final decree of divorce (the divorce decree)

dissolving his marriage with S.C. In five issues, M.C. contends the trial court erred: (1) in the

division of the marital estate and the order of child support; (2) in ordering supervised visitation;

(3) by failing to sign the divorce decree in a timely manner; (4) by failing to rule on matters other

than conservatorship, child support, and visitation in the divorce decree; and (5) by not applying

the doctrine of quantum meruit in distribution of the assets and debts of the marital estate. In his

sixth issue, M.C. argues that section 117.54(B) of the Texas Local Government Code violates his

right to due process. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
                                          Background

       M.C. and S.C. married on March 14, 2009. They lived in the home in Wichita Falls,

Texas, that M.C. purchased before their marriage. M.C. was later honorably discharged from the

military and began employment with Argo Data Resources Corporation in Richardson, Texas.

M.C. moved to McKinney, Texas in November or December 2009 so that he could reside near

the location of his new job. M.C. and S.C. subsequently purchased a home in McKinney. S.C.

moved from Wichita Falls to McKinney in May 2010 when her employment with the Social

Security Administration was transferred to the agency’s Sherman, Texas office. Their child,

C.E.C., was born on April 5, 2012.

       M.C. and S.C. separated on May 11, 2012, when S.C. and C.E.C. moved out of the

marital home in McKinney. S.C. and C.E.C. relocated to Sherman. S.C. filed for divorce on

May 29, 2012, alleging irreconcilable differences. M.C. filed a counter-petition for divorce

alleging the marriage had become insupportable because of discord or conflict of personalities.

Before trial, S.C. filed an amended petition for divorce in which she alleged she left the marital

home because: M.C. is mentally unstable, threatened to commit suicide, and has an addiction to

pornography; she feared for her and C.E.C.’s safety; and M.C. committed adultery. In her

amended petition for divorce, S.C. requested M.C.’s visitation with C.E.C. be supervised. She

also requested the community estate be reimbursed by M.C. for funds expended by the

community estate for the benefit of M.C.’s separate real property and for payment by the

community estate of debts incurred by M.C. prior to their marriage.

       A trial before the court was conducted on November 18, 2013. On May 8, 2014, the trial

court signed the divorce decree. M.C. filed this appeal of the divorce decree.

                                               –2–
                                      Child Support and Division of Marital Estate

           In his first issue, M.C. contends the trial court “entered an inordinately lop-sided” divorce

decree in favor of S.C. 1 More specifically, M.C. argues the trial court abused its discretion in the

division of the community property and debts and the child support ordered in the divorce

decree. M.C. notes that the trial court made no findings of fact in connection with the divorce

decree; however, M.C. made no request for findings of fact. M.C. stated he would “like a new

trial;” however, M.C. did not file a motion for new trial in the trial court.

                                                            Standard of Review

           We review a trial court’s judgment concerning child support and division of property for

an abuse of discretion. See Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex. 1990); Reisler v.

Reisler, 439 S.W.3d 615, 619 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2014, no pet.); see also In re A.B.P., 291
S.W.3d 91, 95 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.) (most appealable issues in family law cases are

evaluated for abuse of discretion). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts arbitrarily or

unreasonably, or without any references to guiding rules and principles. Worford, 801 S.W.2d at

109; see also Gonzalez v. Gonzalez, 331 S.W.3d 864, 866 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.).

An abuse of discretion generally does not occur if some evidence of a substantive and probative

character exists to support the trial court’s decision. Gonzalez, 331 S.W.3d at 866; In re A.L.E.,

279 S.W.3d 424, 428 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, no pet.). Where, as here, a party

does not request findings of fact, we infer that a trial court made all the necessary findings to

support its judgment. Roberson v. Robinson, 768 S.W.2d 280, 281 (Tex. 1989).

     1
       We note that in their appellate briefs, both parties reference documents that are attached to their briefs as appendixes but are not part of the
record on appeal. In addition, M.C. references in his appellate brief documents that were not offered or admitted as evidence at trial. The trial
court specifically advised the parties at trial that it would not consider documents not admitted as evidence at trial. On appeal, we do not consider
documents not admitted as evidence and made part of the appellate record. See Monsanto Co. v. Davis, 25 S.W.3d 773, 781 (Tex. App.—Waco
2000, pet. dism’d w.o.j.) (when reviewing merits of trial court’s decision, we are limited to considering material before the court at time it ruled;
as general rule, documents not admitted into evidence are not considered by appellate court).

                                                                        –3–
                                         Property Division

       In a divorce decree, the trial court shall order a division of the parties’ estate in a manner

that the court deems just and right, having due regard for the rights of each party and any

children of the marriage. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 7.001 (West 2006). The trial court is afforded

broad discretion in dividing the community estate, and we must indulge every reasonable

presumption in favor of the trial court’s proper exercise of its discretion. In re C.A.S., 405
S.W.3d 373, 384 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.); see also Murff v. Murff, 615 S.W.2d 696,

698 (Tex. 1981).

       The property division need not be equal, and a trial court may consider many factors

when exercising its broad discretion to divide the marital property. Murff, 615 S.W.2d at 699; In

re C.A.S., 405 S.W.3d at 384. Such factors include the nature of the marital property, the relative

earning capacity and business opportunities of the parties, the parties’ relative financial condition

and obligations, the parties’ education, the size of separate estates, the age, health, and physical

conditions of the parties, fault in breaking up the marriage, the benefit the innocent spouse would

have received had the marriage continued, and the probable need for future support. Murff, 615
S.W.2d at 699; In re C.A.S., 405 S.W.3d at 384. The party complaining of the division of the

community estate has the burden of showing from the evidence in the record that the trial court’s

division of the community estate was so unjust and unfair as to constitute an abuse of discretion.

In re C.A.S., 405 S.W.3d at 384.

       In the divorce decree, M.C. was awarded the 2011 Ford F-150 truck in his possession,

S.C. was awarded the 2010 Lexus ES350 in her possession, and M.C. and S.C. were each

assigned the debt remaining on the respective vehicles. M.C. complains the couple had equity of

about $2,000 in S.C.’s vehicle for which he was not awarded compensation in the divorce

                                                –4–
decree. However, the evidence at trial establishes neither the equity in M.C.’s vehicle nor the

debt owed on the respective vehicles at the time of trial.

       M.C. and S.C. were each awarded rights to, and proceeds from, their respective profit-

sharing, retirement, Keogh, pension, 401(k), stock option, employee savings, and disability

plans, and accrued unpaid bonuses and other benefits, existing by reason of past, present, or

future employment. Evidence admitted at trial established M.C.’s retirement savings was valued

at $28,912.30, and S.C.’s thrift savings plan through her employer was valued at $27,283.11.

       M.C. was awarded cash, including funds on deposit in banks, savings institutions, or

other financial institutions, in accounts held by M.C. individually or from which M.C. has the

sole right to withdraw funds. Evidence admitted at trial established the balances in those

accounts awarded to M.C. totaled $432.60. S.C. was awarded cash, including funds on deposit

in banks, savings institutions, or other financial institutions, in accounts held by S.C. individually

or from which S.C. has the sole right to withdraw funds. Evidence admitted at trial established

the balances in those accounts awarded to S.C. totaled $1,630.93.

       With regard to division of debts, M.C. is required to pay the balance due on the

promissory note relating to the purchase of the McKinney home. However, the trial court

awarded the McKinney home, the single largest asset of the marital community, to M.C. as his

sole and separate property, subject to a judgment lien in favor of S.C. “[f]or the purpose of a just

and right division of property made in the decree” in the amount of $11,104.96, which

represented half of the amount of equity in that property at the time of trial.

       Evidence at trial established the credit card debt allocated to M.C. in the divorce decree

totaled $30,137.26. However, of that sum, $9,170.40 represents debt owed on a credit card

account opened by M.C. after the date of separation. Further, the evidence established that of the

total credit card debt, over $2,682.22 was owed by M.C. prior to the marriage and over $8,300 in

                                                 –5–
cash advances and charges were incurred to repair and update M.C.’s Wichita Falls home, and

increase the value of that separate property, prior to its sale. M.C. was assigned the balance of

the debt owing on a $15,000 personal loan obtained by M.C. after the date of separation. 2 In his

brief, M.C. complains that the divorce decree did not require S.C. to reimburse him “for

community money” in the amount of $6,300 withdrawn by S.C. However, evidence at trial

established that M.C. agreed that S.C., who was on maternity leave at the time the couple

separated, should withdraw the $6,300 to provide for the needs of S.C. and C.E.C.

          The record contains limited evidence of the value of assets or debts of the community

estate. However, as set out above, the record contains evidence of a substantive and probative

character to support the trial court’s division of the community property. We see nothing in the

record that indicates the trial court’s property division was punitive, as argued by M.C., and we

therefore conclude M.C. failed to establish the trial court’s division of property was punitive.

See Halleman v. Halleman, 379 S.W.3d 443, 453 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2012, no pet.)

(overruling appellant’s complaint property division was punitive because a reasonable basis

supported disproportionate property division).                           Based on the record before us, we cannot

conclude that the trial court either clearly abused its discretion or made an inequitable division of

marital assets. Therefore, we will not disturb the trial court’s judgment regarding the property

division.

                                                            Child Support

          M.C. argues that the trial court incorrectly calculated his monthly child support obligation

as “above the 20% guidelines, and includes [his United States Department of Veterans Affairs]

disability.” We disagree.

     2
       At the time of filing his counter-petition for divorce, M.C. was represented by an attorney. Although M.C. testified the loan proceeds
were for payment of his attorney’s fees and for psychiatric examinations ordered by the trial court, there was no documentary evidence
substantiating that testimony.

                                                                   –6–
           The family code establishes guidelines for setting monthly child support obligations in

suits affecting the parent-child relationship. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 154.121–.133 (West

2014). These guidelines are presumptively reasonable and an order of support conforming to the

guidelines is presumed to be in the best interest of the child.                                              Id. § 154.122(a); see also

Grotewold v. Meyer, 457 S.W.3d 531, 534 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2015, no pet.). The

guidelines set child support obligations for a single child at 20% of the parent’s net resources.

TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 154.125(b).

           In the divorce decree, the trial court ordered that M.C. is obligated to pay monthly child

support of $1,106.63. This amount was based on evidence admitted at trial, and to which M.C.

specifically stated he had no objection, that as of the date of trial, M.C.’s net resources available

for child support totaled $5,533.16 per month. Therefore, his support obligation for C.E.C. per

month—20% of his net resources—was calculated to be $1,106.63 per month, the amount

ordered by the trial court as M.C.’s monthly child support obligation.

            M.C. incorrectly asserts on appeal that his service-connected Department of Veterans

Affairs (V.A.) disability benefit is not to be included as net resources under the family code.

Evidence admitted at trial substantiated that M.C.’s disability is service-connected. Section

154.062 of the family code provides, in pertinent part, that:

           (a) The court shall calculate net resources for the purpose of determining child
           support liability as provided by this section.

           (b) Resources include:
                                                     ***
                       (5) all other income actually being received, including . . . United States
                       Department of Veterans Affairs disability benefits other than non-service
                       connected disability pension benefits, as defined by 38 U.S.C. Section
                       101(17) 3 . . . .

     3
       Under section 101(17), “non-service-connected” means, “with respect to disability or death, that such disability was not incurred or
aggravated, or that the death did not result from a disability incurred or aggravated, in line of duty in the active military, naval, or air service.” 38
U.S.C.A. 101(17) (2014).

                                                                         –7–
TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 154.062 (West 2014). 4 M.C.’s service-connected V.A. disability benefit

would, therefore, be included in his net resources for purposes of calculation of child support

liability under section 154.062 of the family code. Based on this record, we cannot conclude the

trial court abused its discretion with regard to the amount of child support ordered in the divorce

decree.

                                                                Attorney’s Fees

           M.C. argues the trial court abused its discretion by ordering in the divorce decree that he

pay $9,441.50, representing one-half of S.C.’s attorney’s fees. In a divorce proceeding, the trial

court may within its sound discretion award attorney’s fees. See In re Jackson, 506 S.W.2d 261,

268 (Tex. Civ. App.—Amarillo 1974, writ dism’d). 5 The allowance of attorney’s fees in a

divorce action involves the sound discretion of the trial court which is not to be reviewed on

appeal in the absence of allegations of abuse of discretion. Sailes v. Sailes, 394 S.W.2d 248, 249

(Tex. Civ. App.—Beaumont 1965, no writ). That is, in a divorce suit, the trial court has the

equitable power to award either spouse attorney’s fees as a part of the just and right division of

the marital estate. Mandell v. Mandell , 310 S.W.3d 531, 541 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2010, pet.

denied). M.C. did not request findings of fact, and therefore it is implied that the trial court made

all necessary findings to support its judgment. Roberson, 768 S.W.2d at 281.

           Evidence was admitted at trial that S.C. filed her suit for divorce in good faith and upon

probable grounds for divorce. Evidence was also admitted at trial regarding the reasonable and

necessary amount of attorney’s fees S.C. incurred in order to prosecute her divorce action against

     4
        The provision of section 154.062(b)(5) providing for inclusion of service-connected Department of Veterans Affairs disability benefits in
income for purposes of calculation of child support applies to the case at bar as it is “a proceeding to establish . . . child support pending in a trial
court . . . on or after” the effective date of September 1, 2013. See Act of May 20, 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., ch. 1046, §§ 4, 5, 2013 Tex. Gen. Laws
2504, 2505.
     5
        Section 6.708(c) of the family code, applicable to suits for dissolution of marriage filed on or after September 1, 2013, provides that , “In a
suit for dissolution of a marriage, the court may award reasonable attorney’s fees and expenses.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 6.708(c) (West Supp.
2014).

                                                                         –8–
M.C. On this record, we cannot conclude the trial court abused its discretion in ordering M.C. to

pay one-half of S.C.’s attorney’s fees.

       As discussed above, we cannot conclude the trial court abused its discretion in the

division of the marital estate, calculation of child support, or assessing one-half of S.C.’s

attorney’s fees against M.C. We resolve M.C.’s first issue against him.

                                       Supervised Visitation

       In his second issue, M.C. asserts the trial court abused its discretion by ordering that he

have supervised visitation with C.E.C. “based upon the false and/or grossly exaggerated claims

of [S.C.], even though no actual proof was ever submitted by [S.C.].” In effect, M.C. complains

that the trial court abused its discretion in determining the best interest of the child required that

M.C. have supervised visitation.

       Section 153.001 of the family code pronounces Texas public policy relating to suits

affecting the parent-child relationship:

       (a) The public policy of this state is to:
               (1) assure that children will have frequent and continuing contact with
       parents who have shown the ability to act in the best interest of the child;
               (2) provide a safe, stable, and nonviolent environment for the child; and
               (3) encourage parents to share in the rights and duties of raising their
       child after the parents have separated or dissolved their marriage.

TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 153.001(a) (West 2014); see Lenz v. Lenz, 79 S.W.3d 10, 14 (Tex.

2002). Courts must endeavor to give meaning to these public policy imperatives as they interpret

the family code. See Lenz, 79 S.W.3d at 14. The best interest of the child shall always be the

primary consideration of the court in determining the issues of conservatorship and possession of

and access to the child. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 153.002 (West 2014).

       A trial court has broad discretion in determining the best interest of a child in family law

matters such as custody, visitation, and possession. Niskar v. Niskar, 136 S.W.3d 749, 753 (Tex.

App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.). A trial court’s determination of the best interest of the child will
                                                 –9–
only be reversed upon a determination of an abuse of discretion because a trial court “is in the

best situation to observe the demeanor and personalities of the witnesses and can ‘feel the forces,

powers, and influences that cannot be discerned by merely reading the record.’” In re N.A.S.,

100 S.W.3d 670, 673 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, no pet.) (quoting In re T., 715 S.W.2d 416, 418

(Tex. App.—Dallas 1986, no writ).

          The trial court may place conditions on visitation if they are necessary in the best interest

of the child. In re R.D.Y., 51 S.W.3d 314, 323 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2001, pet.

denied) (placing conditions on mother’s right to visit not abuse of discretion if found to be in

child’s best interest); Capello v. Capello, 922 S.W.2d 218, 220 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1996,

no writ). 6 Restrictions or limitations on a parent’s right to possession of or access to a child may

not “exceed those that are required to protect the best interest of the child.” TEX. FAM. CODE

ANN. § 153.193 (West 2014); see George v. Jeppeson, 238 S.W.3d 463, 470 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.).

          C.E.C. was two years and one month of age at the time the divorce decree was signed. In

the divorce decree, the trial court appointed M.C. possessory conservator of C.E.C. and ordered

M.C.’s visitations with C.E.C. were to be supervised by his “live-in VA Caregiver” or, if M.C.’s

V.A. caregiver was not available to supervise visitation, by S.C., until C.E.C. reached the age of

three. These provisions in the divorce decree were ordered after the trial court heard testimony,

and considered admitted evidence, regarding among other things, M.C.’s suicidal ideations

contained in an e-mail he sent to S.C. which precipitated her separating from him, the

medications M.C. was prescribed and the effects of those medications on him, and M.C.’s own

need for caregiver supervision. The trial court also heard S.C.’s testimony regarding the fear she

     6
       See also Sedgwick v. Sedgwick, No. 05-01-00711-CV, 2002 WL 651607, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas Apr. 22, 2002, no pet.) (not designated
for publication) (primary consideration in determining conservatorship and possession of and access to the child is child’s best interest).

                                                                 –10–
had for her own safety and that of C.E.C., including testimony regarding a telephone call she

received from M.C.’s parents in which they expressed their fear for S.C.’s and C.E.C.’s safety

based on a communication they had with M.C. At trial, M.C. testified he is accompanied by a

V.A. caregiver to help him remember things, such as taking medications, and to “help provide

stress or anxiety relief.” M.C. testified that things “not immediately relevant . . . tend[ ] to slip

[his] mind,” and his V.A. caregiver reminds him of those things. S.C. testified regarding her

concerns about the medications M.C. was taking and their sedative effects on him.

        Based on these facts, we conclude there was record evidence of a substantive and

probative character supporting the trial court’s decision that supervised visitation by M.C. until

C.E.C. reached the age of three was in C.E.C.’s best interests. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 153.002; see also Gray v. Gray, 971 S.W.2d 212, 216 n.2 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 1998, no

pet.) (holding of no abuse of discretion by trial court naturally implied that evidence contained in

the record rebutted presumption that standard possession order was reasonable and was in child’s

best interest). Accordingly, we resolve M.C.’s second issue against him.

                                  Timeliness of Divorce decree

        The trial of this divorce case was conducted on November 18, 2013, and the trial court

signed the divorce decree on May 8, 2014. M.C. contends in his third issue that the trial court

“failed to render a decision on the final decree in a timely manner in violation of [his] due

process right; highly prejudicing [his] parental rights.” According to M.C., the “untimely ruling

was the ultimate statement of [the trial court’s] displeasure with the case, with [him] and it

emphasized the court prejudice against [him.]” M.C. acknowledges the divorce decree was

signed, thus generating this appeal, and in his appellate brief, he seeks no relief with regard to

this issue.

                                               –11–
          This issue, based on the trial court’s alleged failure to timely sign the divorce decree, is

moot. See In re Douglas, No. 14-10-00820-CV, 2010 WL 3504760, at *1 (Tex. App.—Houston

[14th Dist.] 2010, orig. proceeding [mand. denied]) (mem. op.) (failure to rule on motion for

entry of default judgment rendered moot by final judgment entered in case). We resolve M.C.’s

third issue against him.

                            Other Matters Addressed in Divorce Decree

          In his fourth issue, M.C. contends the trial court ruled on conservatorship, child support,

and visitation in the divorce decree but “fail[ed] to make[ ] orders on all other issues relevant to

the case.” Specifically, M.C. argues the trial court failed to make orders on property division,

division of debts, attorney’s fees, and a permanent injunction. According to M.C.’s argument, a

proposed divorce decree was submitted to the trial court by S.C.’s counsel following trial, and

the trial court “failed to object” to the proposed divorce decree; instead, M.C. asserts the trial

court signed the divorce decree without objection by the trial court, and the matters contained in

the proposed divorce decree that did not concern conservatorship of C.E.C., child support, and

visitation were not ruled upon by the trial court in the divorce decree.

          Assuming M.C. is complaining that the trial court’s divorce decree did not resolve all

matters “relevant to the case,” M.C. did not point out to the trial court any matters purportedly

“relevant to the case” that were omitted from the divorce decree. M.C. did not file a motion for

new trial in the trial court, and he did not request findings of fact after the divorce decree was

signed.

          Further, M.C. apparently has a fundamental misunderstanding of the matters contained in

the divorce decree. Contrary to his assertion that the trial court’s divorce decree did not address

property division, division of debts, attorney’s fees, and a permanent injunction, those matters

are specifically addressed in the divorce decree signed by the trial judge. A final divorce decree

                                                 –12–
is a judgment. See Reiss v. Reiss, 118 S.W.3d 439, 441 (Tex. 2003) (we interpret a divorce

decree like any other judgment, reading the decree as a whole); Shanks v. Treadway, 110 S.W.3d
444, 447 (Tex. 2003) (we construe divorce decrees, like judgments, as a whole to harmonize and

give effect to the entire decree); Brown v. Brown, 236 S.W.3d 343, 347 (Tex. App.—Houston

[1st Dist.] 2007, no pet) (res judicata applies to a final divorce decree just as it does to any other

final judgment).

           On appeal, M.C. does not request any relief with regard to his fourth issue. We resolve

M.C.’s fourth issue against him.

                                                          Quantum Meruit

           In his fifth issue, M.C. argues the trial court “rubber-stamped [S.C.’s] version of the final

decree and entered it into the record; failing to apply the doctrine of quantum meruit to the case

in failing to assign [him] a fair portion of assets and debts—an abuse of discretion.” 7 M.C. did

not allege any cause of action in the trial court seeking relief on the theory of quantum meruit.

This theory was not raised in the trial court, but is raised for the first time on appeal. Where, as

here, quantum meruit was not pleaded as a theory of recovery by M.C., it cannot be raised for the

first time on appeal. See Centex Corp. v. Dalton, 840 S.W.2d 952, 955 (Tex. 1992) (even if

quantum meruit might have afforded an alternate ground of recovery, it was not pleaded, and

judgment must be based upon pleadings); Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Chapel Hill Indep. Sch. Dist.,

860 S.W.2d 667, 671 (Tex. App.—Tyler 1993, no writ) (quantum meruit cannot be urged for the

first time on appeal). We resolve M.C.’s fifth issue against him.

     7
       The right to recover in quantum meruit is “based upon the promise implied by law to pay for beneficial services rendered and knowingly
accepted.” Campbell v. Nw. Nat’l Life Ins. Co., 573 S.W.2d 496, 498 (Tex. 1978). Recognizing that quantum meruit is founded on unjust
enrichment, the essential elements of a quantum meruit claim are: (1) valuable services were rendered or materials furnished; (2) for the person
sought to be charged; (2) which services and materials were accepted by the person sought to be charged, used and enjoyed by him; (4) under
such circumstances as reasonably notified the person sought to be charged that the plaintiff in performing such services was expecting to be paid
by the person sought to be charged. Vortt Expl. Co. v. Chevron U.S.A., Inc., 787 S.W.2d 942, 944 (Tex. 1990) (citing Bashara v. Baptist Mem’l
Hosp. Sys., 685 S.W.2d 307, 310 (Tex. 1985)).

                                                                    –13–
                                  Section 117.054 Texas Local Government Code

          In his sixth issue, M.C. asserts section 117.54(B) of the Texas Local Government Code

violates his right to due process “where there is no protection afforded to cases involving

division of community property.” In a single sentence in his appellate brief regarding this issue,

M.C. states he “feels that he has been highly prejudiced in this regard.” S.C. responds that there

is no section 117.54(B) of the local government code, the provisions of chapter 117 of that code

do not appear to have any relevance or bearing on this case, 8 and, therefore, M.C.’s due process

rights could not have been violated as a matter of law.

          An appellant’s brief “must contain a clear and concise argument for the contentions

made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.” TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i).

Failure to cite applicable authority or provide substantive analysis waives an issue on appeal.

Gator Apple, LLC v. Apple Texas Rests., Inc., 442 S.W.3d 521, 538 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2014,

pet. denied). We conclude nothing is presented for our review on this issue. See id. We resolve

M.C.’s sixth issue against him.

     8
       S.C. is correct that there is no section 117.54(B) of the local government code. Chapter 117 of the local government code, entitled
“Depositories for Certain Trust Funds and Court Registry Funds,” contains a section 117.054, which provides:

                      (a) If a special or separate account earns interest, the clerk, at the time of withdrawal, shall pay in a manner
          directed by a court with proper jurisdiction the original amount deposited into the registry of the court and any interest
          credited to the account in the manner calculated in Subsection (b).

                     (b) The interest earned on a special account or a separate account shall be paid in the following amounts:

                                (1) 10 percent of the interest shall be paid to the general fund of the county to compensate the
                     county for the accounting and administrative expenses of maintaining the account; and

                                (2) 90 percent of the interest shall be credited to the special or separate account.

TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 117.054 (West 2008). We note that nothing in the record indicates any funds existed in the registry of the court
at the time the divorce decree was signed.

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                                         Conclusion

      Having resolved M.C.’s issues against him, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                 /Robert M. Fillmore/
                                                 ROBERT M. FILLMORE
                                                 JUSTICE

140661F.P05

                                            –15–
                                         S
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

IN THE MARRIAGE OF S.C. AND M.C.                       On Appeal from the 417th Judicial District
AND                                                    Court, Collin County, Texas,
IN THE INTEREST OF C.E.C., A CHILD                     Trial Court Cause No. 417-52684-2012.
                                                       Opinion delivered by Justice Fillmore,
No. 05-14-00661-CV                                     Justices Bridges and Brown participating.

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that appellee S.C. recover her costs of this appeal from appellant M.C.

Judgment entered this 27th day of July, 2015.

                                                –16–