Court Opinion

ID: 4284134
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-06-13 18:49:59.886436+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:13.123140
License: Public Domain

J-A08030-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    J.F.D.                                     :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellant               :
                                               :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    M.A.D.                                     :   No. 3200 EDA 2017

                     Appeal from the Order August 31, 2017
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County Civil Division at
                               No(s): 2007-26322

BEFORE:      PANELLA, J., LAZARUS, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                                 FILED JUNE 13, 2018

        J.F.D. (Father) appeals, pro se, from the order, entered in the Court of

Common Pleas of Montgomery County, granting M.A.D. (Mother) primary

physical custody and sole legal custody of the parties’ two minor daughters,

ages ten and twelve.1 We affirm.

        The parties were married in 2005; they separated shortly after and

Father filed a custody complaint before the birth of their younger child. As

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1  The order, dated August 31, 2017, provided that: Mother shall have sole
legal custody of the children; the parties shall not attend any medical
appointment at the same time; the parties shall not attend any school
functions at the same time under any circumstance; the parties shall not
attend extra-curricular activities (i.e. cheerleading, gymnastics, swimming,
theater, soccer, etc.) at the same time under any circumstance; Mother shall
have primary physical custody of the two minor children; Father shall enroll
in an anger management course; and, all prior custody orders entered
between the parties are vacated. Order, 8/31/17. We note Mother has not
filed an appellee’s brief.

____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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the trial court states, the parties have been extremely litigious over the past

ten years, the court noting that there have been “no less than ten Protection

From Abuse [PFA] proceedings involving the parties during the past ten years

(with Father being the filing party in four of the five most recent ones).” Trial

Court Opinion, 12/8/17, at 2.

      In August 2011, following custody conciliation, the parties agreed to a

shared custody schedule with primary custody in Mother, and a limited

custody schedule for Father.      The court entered the parties’ stipulation.

Father’s custody was eventually expanded to a 50/50 schedule. In April 2012,

Mother filed a motion to modify custody, seeking to reduce Father’s custody

time or, alternatively, restructure the schedule so the children would not be

away from one parent for almost an entire week. Thereafter, in July 2012,

the parties were ordered to participate in a custody evaluation, and the court

held a three-day protracted hearing. On November 12, 2013, the final day of

the hearing, the court entered an order, on the record, affirming the 50/50

schedule. Thereafter, on December 26, 2013, the court entered an additional

order, this one pertaining to holiday and vacation custody; the order was

incorporated into the November 12, 2013 order.

      On April 15, 2015, Father filed a contempt petition. The court, following

a telephone conference, directed the parties to attend co-parenting

counseling. A hearing was held in May 2016 on Father’s contempt petition.

During that hearing, the parties entered into an agreed order. Thereafter, the

parties filed cross-motions for modification, and on January 9, 2017, the court

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entered an interim order directing the parties to enroll the children in therapy.

Following several more petitions for contempt and a protracted hearing, which

included over 20 hours of testimony and in camera interviews of both children,

the court stated it would keep the record open until it received the children’s

therapist’s report.

      On August 31, 2017, the court entered a fifteen-page custody order, as

well as findings of fact and an analysis of the statutory factors pursuant to 23

Pa.C.S.A. § 5328.     Father appealed, and the court ordered him to file a

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors complained of on appeal.            Father

complied with the court’s order on October 23, 2017.

      Father raises twelve issues on appeal:

       1. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
          that failed to consider the reasonable concerns and requests
          of the children?

       2. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
          that failed to consider the hundreds of documented custody
          order violations committed by Mother, for which the court
          established a May 31, 2016 agreement petition for contempt
          against Mother?

       3. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
          that failed to consider the dozens of documented custody
          order violations by Mother after the May 31, 2016 agreement
          petition for contempt?

       4. Did the Trial Court abuse its discretion by entering an order
          which failed to honor and uphold the May 31, 2016 Agreement
          Petition for Contempt?

       5. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
          based in part on communications from third-party
          professionals notwithstanding evidence that runs contrary to
          those communications?

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       6. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
          that failed to allow Father to complete his testimony, cross-
          examination [and] rebuttal?

       7. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
          that failed to conclude that Mother’s continued substance
          abuse issues raised by the children, as well as by the police
          and other third parties, presents a genuine risk to the
          children’s safety?

       8. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
          that failed to conclude that the evidence presented
          demonstrates Father’s consistent willingness to follow, and
          adherence of, the custody order, including the “Custody-
          General Rules of Conduct” and “Joint Legal Custody?”

       9. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
          that failed to conclude that the evidence presented shows the
          Mother’s consistent refusal to follow the Custody Order,
          including the 'Custody – General Rules of Conduct' and 'Joint
          Legal Custody'?

       10. Did the Trial Court abuse its discretion by entering an Order
          which failed to conclude that the evidence presented
          demonstrates Father's ongoing attempts to co-parent and
          Mother's ongoing refusal to co -parent?

       11. Did the Trial Court abuse its discretion by entering an Order
          which failed to conclude that the evidence presented shows
          the Mother's actions, not the Father's, amount to systematic
          parent alienation?

       12. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
          based in part on ex parte communications from and on behalf
          of Mother?

Appellant’s Brief, at 9-13.

      In any custody case decided under the Custody Act, 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§

5321 et seq., the paramount concern is the best interests of the child. See

23 Pa. C.S.A. §§ 5328, 5338. Section 5338 of the Act provides that, upon

petition, a trial court may modify a custody order if it serves the best interests

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of the child. 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5338; see also E.D. v. M.P., 33 A.3d 73, 80–81

n.2 (Pa. Super. 2011). Section 5328(a) sets forth a list of statutory factors2
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2   § 5328. Factors to consider when awarding custody

        (a)   Factors.—In ordering any form of custody, the court shall
              determine the best interest of the child by considering all
              relevant factors, giving weighted consideration to those
              factors which affect the safety of the child, including the
              following:

              (1) Which party is more likely to encourage and permit
              frequent and continuing contact between the child and
              another party.

              (2) The present and past abuse committed by a party or
              member of the party's household, whether there is a
              continued risk of harm to the child or an abused party
              and which party can better provide adequate physical
              safeguards and supervision of the child.

              (2.1) The information set forth in section 5329.1(a)(1)
              and (2) (relating to consideration of child abuse and
              involvement with protective services).

              (3) The parental duties performed by each party on
              behalf of the child.

              (4) The need for stability and continuity in the child's
              education, family life and community life.

              (5) The availability of extended family.

              (6) The child’s sibling relationships.

              (7) The well-reasoned preference of the child, based on
              the child’s maturity and judgment.

              (8) The attempts of a parent to turn the child against
              the other parent, except in cases of domestic violence
              where reasonable safety measures are necessary to
              protect the child from harm.

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that the trial court must consider when making a “best interest of the child”

analysis under the statute.

       Our scope and standard of review is as follows:

          In reviewing a custody order, our scope is of the broadest type
          and our standard is abuse of discretion. We must accept
          findings of the trial court that are supported by competent
          evidence of record, as our role does not include making
          independent factual determinations. In addition, with regard to
          issues of credibility and weight of the evidence, we must defer
          to the presiding trial judge who viewed and assessed the
          witnesses first-hand. However, we are not bound by the trial

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              (9) Which party is more likely to maintain a loving,
              stable, consistent and nurturing relationship with the
              child adequate for the child’s emotional needs.

              (10) Which party is more likely to attend to the daily
              physical, emotional, developmental, educational and
              special needs of the child.

              (11) The proximity of the residences of the parties.

              (12) Each party’s availability to care for the child or
              ability to make appropriate child-care arrangements.

              (13) The level of conflict between the parties and the
              willingness and ability of the parties to cooperate with
              one another. A party’s effort to protect a child from abuse
              by another party is not evidence of unwillingness or
              inability to cooperate with that party.

              (14) The history of drug or alcohol abuse of a party or
              member of a party’s household.

              (15) The mental and physical condition of a party or
              member of a party's household.

              (16) Any other relevant factor.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5328(a).

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         court's deductions or inferences from its factual findings.
         Ultimately, the test is whether the trial court’s conclusions are
         unreasonable as shown by the evidence of record. We may
         reject the conclusions of the trial court only if they involve an
         error of law, or are unreasonable in light of the sustainable
         findings of the trial court.

C.R.F., III v. S.E.F., 45 A.3d 441, 443 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation omitted).

See also E.R. v. J.N.B., 129 A.3d 521, 527 (Pa. Super. 2015). This Court

has held that

      the discretion that a trial court employs in custody matters should
      be accorded the utmost respect, given the special nature of the
      proceeding and the lasting impact the result will have on the lives
      of the parties concerned. Indeed, the knowledge gained by a trial
      court in observing witnesses in a custody proceeding cannot
      adequately be imparted to an appellate court by a printed record.

Ketterer v. Seifert, 902 A.2d 533, 540 (Pa. Super. 2006) (quoting Jackson

v. Beck, 858 A.2d 1250, 1254 (Pa. Super. 2004)).          Further, on issues of

credibility and weight, we defer to the trial court, which has had the

opportunity to observe the proceedings and demeanor of the witnesses.

R.M.G., Jr. v. F.M.G., 986 A.2d 1234, 1237 (Pa. Super. 2009).

      The parties cannot dictate the amount of weight the trial court
      places on evidence. Rather, the paramount concern of the trial
      court is the best interest of the child. Appellate interference is
      unwarranted if the trial court’s consideration of the best interest
      of the child was careful and thorough, and we are unable to find
      any abuse of discretion.

Id. (internal citations omitted).

      At the core of this custody case is the palpable acrimony between the

parties, the trial court’s serious concerns that Father is attempting to alienate

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the minor children from Mother and the resulting emotional harm to the

children. It is clear both parents love their children and provide well for them;

however, failure to consider how “high conflict” and the inability to co-parent

impacts the children is not only short-sighted, but incomprehensible to this

Court. As the trial court notes, the fact that the parties cannot maintain a

minimum level of cooperation weighs against a shared custody arrangement.

See Findings of Fact, supra at 7 n.5, citing Yates v. Yates, 963 A.2d 535,

542 (Pa. Super. 2008).         The court noted that Paul Bukovec, Director and

Clinical Supervisor of Menergy, reported that Father had acknowledged being

“domineering,      entitled,    argumentative,   contemptuous,      loud,   critical,

ridiculing, and belittling,” and, the court noted, after 19 co-parenting sessions,

“[l]ittle has changed[.]”      Findings of Fact, supra at 12.     Father has been

described by Dr. Gerald Bellettirie, a psychologist of 36 years who was

assigned as the co-parenting specialist, as “extremely controlling and

arrogant,” id. at 16, 19, and exhibiting a serious lack of empathy. Id. at 16.

Dr. Gerald Cooke, Ph.D., who performed the parties’ custody evaluation,

provided a detailed clinical observation of “narcissistic behavior and a sense

of entitlement on the part of Father.” Id. at 20.3         Father belittles Mother,

attempts to “program” the children’s therapy sessions, and believes he knows

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3 In his report, Dr. Bellettirie stated that illustrative of Father’s attitude is his
statement that “Judge Tolliver is an idiot, Dr. Cooke is incompetent, Laurent
Potts is incompetent and Judge Clifford makes knee-jerk reactions.” Report
of Dr. Bellettirie, 10/10/16, at 5. Notably, Dr. Bellettirie asked to be relieved
of this assignment.

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better than the professionals and judicial officials. With this backdrop, the

court’s concerns that Father’s pattern of conduct is symptomatic of parental

alienation is not without basis.

      After our review of Father’s brief on appeal, the record and the relevant

law, we conclude that Father’s claims are meritless. The Honorable Daniel J.

Clifford’s opinion and findings of fact provide a careful and detailed

examination of the evidence and a comprehensive analysis of each of the

section 5328(a) custody factors and each of Father’s claims on appeal. See

Findings of Fact, 8/31/17, at 1-22, and Trial Court Opinion, 12/8/17, at 8-30.

We find no abuse of discretion or error in the trial court’s findings of fact and

custody analysis, and, therefore, we affirm the court’s order based on Judge

Clifford’s opinion. Ketterer, supra. We direct the parties to attach a copy of

Judge Clifford’s opinion in the event of further proceedings.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 6/13/18

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