Court Opinion

ID: 4264616
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-04-17 15:07:05.532539+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:30:36.508720
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
      Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
                                                                                FILED
      this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                Apr 17 2018, 8:11 am

      regarded as precedent or cited before any                                 CLERK
                                                                            Indiana Supreme Court
      court except for the purpose of establishing                             Court of Appeals
                                                                                 and Tax Court
      the defense of res judicata, collateral
      estoppel, or the law of the case.

      ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
      Leanna Weissmann                                          Jennifer A. Joas
      Lawrenceburg, Indiana                                     Madison, Indiana

                                                 IN THE
          COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

      In Re: The Paternity of A.P.,                             April 17, 2018

      Sarah M. Perkins,                                         Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                                15A01-1709-JP-2236
      Appellant-Petitioner,
                                                                Appeal from the Dearborn Circuit
              v.                                                Court
                                                                The Honorable James D.
      Brian L. Kuntz,                                           Humphrey, Judge
                                                                Trial Court Cause No.
      Appellee-Respondent
                                                                15C01-1109-JP-88

      Altice, Judge.

                                                Case Summary

[1]   Sarah Perkins (Mother) appeals from the trial court’s order modifying Brian

      Kuntz’s (Father) child support for the parties’ minor child, A.P. (Child).

      Mother presents three issues for our review:

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018         Page 1 of 11
               1. Did the trial court abuse its discretion in denying Mother’s
              request for reimbursement for Father’s unused visitation credits?

              2. Did the trial court abuse its discretion in granting Father
              credit for ninety-eight overnight visits in calculating his current
              support obligation?

              3. Did the trial court abuse its discretion in failing to account for
              Mother’s prior born children in calculating Father’s child support
              obligation?

[2]   We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.

                                        Facts & Procedural History

[3]   Child was born on September 15, 2011, and Mother filed a Petition to Establish

      Paternity shortly thereafter. A Paternity and Support Order was entered on

      January 12, 2012, pursuant to which Father was ordered to pay child support

      and granted parenting time. In the order, the court noted that Father was living

      with Mother a “majority of the time & cares for [C]hild while [Mother] works.

      Split time w/ [C]hild.” Appellant’s Appendix Vol. 2 at 19. In light of this

      arrangement, the court credited Father with 185 overnight visits in calculating

      his child support obligation. The court also noted that Father had contributed

      to Mother’s monthly bills, paid Child’s daycare expenses, and purchased

      diapers and other necessities for Child.

[4]   In a May 17, 2012 order on a motion to correct error, the court noted that the

      parties agreed to joint legal custody with Mother having primary physical

      custody and clarified that Father could exercise parenting time at his home.
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018   Page 2 of 11
      The court also determined that, at that time, there was no need to modify

      Father’s credit for overnight visits.

[5]   After Father’s paternity of Child was established, Father spent a great deal of

      time at Mother’s home, often caring for Child while Mother worked second

      shift, and for a short period of time, the night shift. Father would pick Child up

      from daycare and would stay at Mother’s home until three or four in the

      morning1 when he would return to his home to get ready for work. This

      arrangement continued until May 2012, when Mother began working the day

      shift. Thereafter, Father visited with Child in the evenings. During this time,

      Child did not spend the night at Father’s home. Mother claimed that Father

      cared for Child only at her house because Father’s family did not acknowledge

      Child’s existence. Father, who was still legally married to his wife with whom

      he shared two children, claimed that Mother did not want him to take Child to

      his home. Father first exercised overnight visitation in his home with Child in

      October 2014. Father began exercising alternating weekend visitation with

      Child in 2015.

[6]   Following Child’s birth, Mother and Father had an on-again, off-again

      relationship. Initially, Father essentially lived with Mother. In addition to

      child support, Father contributed to Mother’s living expenses and paid for

      childcare. After an apparent parting of ways, they “got back together briefly” in

      1
       Mother testified that she “didn’t tell [Father] to leave but [she] didn’t tell him to stay either.” Transcript at
      48.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018                  Page 3 of 11
      October 2014 and again in October 2015. Transcript at 62. In late 2015, Mother

      rebuked Father’s attempt to “hook back up again” and in February 2016,

      Mother told Father to leave her house. Id. Thereafter, their relationship

      deteriorated. As reported by the Guardian ad Litem (GAL), Mother and

      Father continue to harbor “extreme animosity” for one another, making

      communication between them difficult. Id. at 6.

[7]   On March 23, 2016, Father filed a petition to modify custody and support. On

      August 1, 2016, Mother filed her petition to modify support along with a

      request for a refund for Father’s unused visitation credits. The trial court held a

      hearing on the pending motions on February 28, 2017. On April 4, 2017, the

      court issued its order modifying Father’s child support obligation retroactive to

      March 23, 2016, the day Father filed his petition. In modifying Father’s child

      support obligation, the court included a parenting-time credit for ninety-eight

      overnights, which accounts for the court’s order that Father exercise parenting

      time in accordance with the Indiana Parenting Time Guidelines (the

      Guidelines). The court also determined that Father “misrepresented and

      understated” his weekly gross income in 2011 and that, had the court been

      accurately informed, its judgment would have been different. Appellant’s

      Appendix Vol. 2 at 9. The court therefore invoked its equitable jurisdiction and

      recalculated Father’s child support obligation based on Father’s actual income

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018   Page 4 of 11
      in 2011 and the years that followed, resulting in an arrearage for Father.2 While

      the court granted Mother’s requested relief in this regard, the court was “not

      inclined to make adjustments” in the form of a refund or restitution to Mother

      for the parenting-time credit Father received for overnight visits which Mother

      claimed he did not exercise. Id.

[8]   On May 4, 2017, Mother filed a motion to correct error challenging the court’s

      order in several respects. Specifically, Mother argued that the court abused its

      discretion (1) by failing to order Father to make restitution to her for underpaid

      child support that stemmed from the credit granted him for overnight visits and

      (2) by overstating Father’s parenting-time credit in calculating Father’s

      modified child support obligation. She also argued that the trial court erred

      when it left out of its current child support computation a sum attributable to

      Mother’s legal duty to support her prior born child.

[9]   The court held a review hearing as well as a hearing on Mother’s motion to

      correct error on July 11, 2017.3 On August 14, 2017, the court entered an order

      denying Mother’s motion to correct error. With regard to the review issues, the

      court found that the parties were following the GAL’s recommendations to

      which they had agreed. The court also determined that Father’s arrearage for

      2
       The court did not calculate the amount of Father’s arrearage for the underpayment of child support on
      account of his understated income.
      3
        The parties stipulated and agreed on the record that the time limitation for the court to rule on the motion
      to correct error would not apply. See Ind. Trial Rule 53.3(B)(2).

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018              Page 5 of 11
       his underpayment of support from 2011 to 2016 was $4,804 and ordered Father

       to pay an additional sum of $25 toward such arrearage until paid in full.

       Mother now appeals. Additional facts will be provided where necessary.

                                            Discussion & Decision

                                              Standard of Review

[10]   A trial court’s calculation of child support is presumed valid, and we will review

       its decision only for an abuse of discretion. Thompson v. Thompson, 811 N.E.2d

       888, 924 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied. The trial court in this case entered

       findings of fact and conclusions thereon. See Ind. Trial Rule 52(A).

       Accordingly, this court “shall not set aside the findings or judgment unless

       clearly erroneous, and due regard shall be given to the opportunity of the trial

       court to judge the credibility of the witnesses.” T.R. 52(A). In reviewing T.R.

       52(A) findings and conclusions, we apply a two-tiered standard of review, first

       determining whether the evidence supports the findings and then whether the

       findings support the judgment. Masters v. Masters, 43 N.E.3d 570, 575 (Ind.

       2015). “Findings are clearly erroneous only when the record contains no facts

       to support them either directly or by inference.” Quillen v. Quillen, 671 N.E.2d

       98, 102 (Ind. 1996). A judgment is clearly erroneous only if its findings of fact

       do not support its conclusions or if its conclusions do not support its judgment.

       Id.

                                              1. Reimbursement

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018   Page 6 of 11
[11]   Mother argues that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing her

       reimbursement request for overnight credits granted Father in 2011 that she

       claims Father did not use.4 Mother asserts that Father exercised no more than

       fifty overnights per year, which is far less than the 185 overnights per year with

       which he was originally credited. As a result, Mother maintains that Father has

       been unjustly enriched, having received a windfall of nearly $20,000 for

       overnight credits he did not use through March 2016.

[12]   When the court determined Father’s child support obligation in 2011, it noted

       the unusual arrangement between the parties and determined that Mother and

       Father “Split time w/[C]hild.” Appellant’s Appendix Vol. 2 at 19. In accordance

       with this finding, the court granted Father credit for 185 overnights. In a

       subsequent order on a motion to correct errors, the court reaffirmed the 185

       overnight credits granted Father.

[13]   The record reveals that Father and Mother had an on-again, off-again

       relationship for several years, with Father essentially living with Mother at

       various times. Father paid his child support, contributed to Mother’s living

       expenses, paid for childcare expenses, carried insurance for Child, and

       purchased necessities. The court was presented with conflicting reasons as to

       why Father did not exercise overnight visitation at his home, with Father

       asserting that Mother did not want Child to stay at his home and Mother

       4
        The court’s order in this regard was in effect from September 28, 2011, when Mother filed the paternity
       action, through March 23, 2016, when Father sought modification of his child support.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018           Page 7 of 11
       claiming Child did not stay with Father because Father’s family did not

       acknowledge Child’s existence.

[14]   In denying Mother’s request for reimbursement, the court first noted that it had

       made specific findings about parenting time in the paternity order issued in

       January 2012, and that if the parties had “[a]ny disagreement with those

       findings” such “should have been addressed with a Motion to Correct Error

       pursuant to the Trial Rules.” Id. Mother did not challenge the number of

       overnight credits granted Father until after their relationship ended, which was

       over four years after the support order was entered. While Mother presented

       the court with a spreadsheet she created purporting to detail Father’s visits with

       Child, the court was not obligated to accept its veracity in light of contrary

       testimony. Indeed, the court acknowledged that it had “heard testimony and

       evidence about parenting time credit” and that based on such, it was “not

       inclined to make adjustments” thereto. Appellant’s Appendix Vol. 2 at 9. This

       determination was wholly within the court’s discretion. Mother has not

       established that the trial court abused its discretion in denying her request for a

       reimbursement of what she claims was unused parenting-time credit.

                                              2. Visitation Credit

[15]   Mother argues that in modifying Father’s child support, the trial court abused

       its discretion in crediting Father with ninety-eight overnights. Mother asserts

       that the court credited Father for more visits than he had used in any prior year,

       which, by her calculations, never exceeded fifty overnight visits. Mother

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018   Page 8 of 11
       challenges the trial court’s finding that Father exercising less than ninety-eight

       overnights was not “wholly based upon his personal choice.” Appellant’s

       Appendix at 8.

[16]   Mother’s argument assumes that her testimony and evidence were accepted as

       true. Father, however, presented contrary testimony indicating that he lived

       with Mother and even acted as Child’s primary caregiver for periods of time

       and that he visited with Child as much as he could. Father also testified that he

       did not exercise his visitation with Child at his house because Mother “would

       not let [him].” Transcript at 30. When Mother and Father were not in a

       relationship, Father had Child in his home for overnights.

[17]   Here, a credit for ninety-eight overnights is consistent with the court’s order that

       Father exercise parenting time pursuant to the Guidelines. Further, since

       Father filed his petition to modify custody, he has exercised his parenting time

       with Child on alternating weekends and as further provided by the Guidelines.

       The court did not abuse its discretion in crediting Father with ninety-eight

       overnight visits in calculating Father’s modified child support obligation. We

       also find that there is no basis in the record to support Mother’s argument that

       the visitation credit granted to Father was intended to punish her.

                                                   3. Omission

[18]   Mother argues that the trial court abused its discretion in calculating Father’s

       modified child support obligation by failing to account for her legal duty to

       support a prior-born child.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018   Page 9 of 11
[19]   The child support worksheet prepared by the court and adopted in the January

       12, 2012 paternity order included a support credit of $62.18 for Mother’s prior

       born child. At that time, no such credit was granted to Father because, as the

       court noted, there was “[n]o information . . . available as to his legal obligation

       to support [his two prior-born] children.” Appellant’s Appendix Vol. 2 at 20. In

       calculating Father’s arrearage based on his understated income from 2011 to

       2016, the court did not include such credit to Mother on its child support

       worksheet. Father concedes this was error.

[20]   In modifying Father’s child support obligation retroactive to March 23, 2016,

       the trial court did not include a credit for prior born children for either Mother

       or Father. Father asserts that because neither party presented evidence

       regarding their legal duty to support their prior born children, the trial court

       properly excluded both parent’s credit for prior born children. In the

       alternative, Father argues that if the matter is remanded so that his child

       support obligation can be recalculated in light of Mother’s credit for a prior

       born child, he should be given the opportunity to present evidence relevant to

       his legal duty to support his prior born children as he resides with them and is

       equally responsible for their support with his ex-wife.

[21]   Pursuant to Indiana Child Support Guideline 3(C), after weekly gross income is

       determined for each parent, certain reductions are allowed in computing weekly

       adjusted income, which is the amount upon which child support is based.

       These reductions include court orders for support of prior-born children and a

       legal duty to support prior-born children. “Where a party has a legal support

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018   Page 10 of 11
       duty for the child(ren) born prior to the child(ren) for whom support is being

       established, not by court order, an amount reasonably necessary for such

       support actually paid, or funds actually expended shall be deducted from

       weekly gross income to arrive at weekly adjusted income.” Child Supp. G.

       3(C)(3).

[22]   As Father acknowledged, the court should have included in its calculation of

       Father’s arrearage for understated income from 2011 to 2016 a credit for

       Mother’s prior-born child, just as it did when it calculated the initial support

       obligation. Likewise, this credit to Mother should have been part of the

       calculation of Father’s modified support obligation that is retroactive to March

       23, 2016. With respect to a credit for Father’s legal duty to support his prior-

       born children, on remand, the trial court may consider evidence in support of

       such and make a determination based thereon. We therefore remand with

       instructions to recalculate Father’s arrearage accruing between 2011 and 2016

       and his modified support obligation taking into consideration Mother and

       Father’s respective legal duties to support prior-born children.

[23]   Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded with instructions.

       Najam, J. and Robb, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 15A01-1709-JP-2236 | April 17, 2018   Page 11 of 11