Court Opinion

ID: 9726753
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-26 13:06:50.640423+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:25:30.387860
License: Public Domain

ROBERTS, P. J.
The contract entered into between plaintiff Alton G. Anderson and defendant Sheehan-Bartling, Inc., was in the form of a written order executed by plaintiff and accepted by the defendant. The order for two motor scrapers described as Michigan Models 110 was prepared on July 7, 1958, but not then executed. Payment was to be made by the acceptance of two scrapers owned by the plaintiff at ihe agreed value of $9,500 and by the delivery of bankable paper for the balance.
Plaintiff and a salesman for defendant company went to Benton Harbor, Michigan, where plaintiff at the factory inspected and operated a Michigan Model 110. On their return they were met at the airport in Sioux Falls by Art Bartling, vice president of the defendant company, and there was discussion with reference to the signing of the purchase order. The words “These .machines must prove satisfactory for 10 days” were inserted in the .order. The date of the *532order was changed to July 16, 1958, and it was then signed by plaintiff. On August 1, 1958, delivery of the new machines was made to the plaintiff at a place near Oldham, South Dakota, by a trucking firm in Sioux Falls on two lowboys and to avoid -the additional expense of returning for the trade-ins they were loaded and taken to defendant’s place of business. It was agreed that the trade-ins would not be sold or leased until plaintiff within the terms of the contract indicated his satisfaction.
Plaintiff instituted this action to recover the value of the trade-ins alleging that defendant converted such property on its own use. Defendant counterclaimed seeking to recover $45,882.28, the balance of the purchase price of the two Michigan Model 110' scrapers. The case was submitted to the jury which found for the plaintiff.
Counsel for defendant assert that the questions presented by the assignments of error are:
“1. Did the phrase in the contract that ‘These machines must prove satisfactory for 10 days, mean that they must be satisfactory to the respondent and that the respondent had the sole and arbitrary right to determine if they were satisfactory, or does it mean that the machines must be satisfactory for the purposes intended as determined by the reasonable man standard?”
“2. Is the respondent estopped from now claiming that he had the sole and arbitrary right to determine and declare the machines to be unsatisfactory? ”
The term “satisfactory” in contracts containing provisions of the character under consideration; without designating the person, as stated by this Court in Janssen v. Muller, 38 S.D. 611, 162 N.W. 393, and Reedy v. Davidson, 58 S.D. 274, 235 N.W. 710, means satisfactory to the promisor or purchaser. To the same effect are Manning v. School District, 124 Wis. 84, 102 N.W. 356; Campbell Printing-Press Co. v. Thorp, C.C., 36 F. 414, 1 L.R.A. 645; Singerly *533v. Thayer, 108 Pa. 201, 2 A. 230; Soloman v. Ford, 108 Pa. Super. 43, 164 A. 92; Williams v. Hirshorn, 91 N.J.L. 419, 103 A. 23. In Campbell Printing-Press Co. v. Thorp, the Court said [36 F. 418]: “When, in common language, we speak of making a thing satisfactory, we mean it shall be satisfactory to the person to whom we furnish it. It would be nonsense to say that it should be satisfactory to the vendor. It would be indefinite to say that it should be satisfactory to a third person, without designating the person. It can only be intended that it shall be satisfactory to the person who is himself interested in its satisfactory operation, and that is the vendee.” This construction is particularly applicable where as in the instant case the promisor or purchaser insisted on use of the term in the contract. Peck-Williamson Heating & Ventilating Co. v. McKnight’ & Merz. 140 Tenn. 563, 205 S.W. 419.
These contracts for performance to the satisfaction of a party are ordinarily divided into two classes: (1) Where the fancy, taste, sensibility, or judgment of the promisor are involved; and (2) where the question is merely one of operative fitness or mechanical utility. 17 C.J.S. Contracts § 495a.
In Reedy v. Davidson, supra, [58 S.D. 274, 235 N.W. 711] this court considered a contract giving the buyer the right to cancel an order for purchase of an automobile if “changed price is not satisfactory” to him. This came within the first class of contracts above referred to. Hence the rule that where fancy, taste or judgment is involved, the promisor is the sole judge of bis satisfaction applied without regard to the reasonableness of his decision. 17 C.J.S. Contracts § 495b. It is contended by defendant that under a contract such as we have in this case involving operative or mechanical fitness it is contemplated that performance shall be satisfactory or acceptable to the reasonable man. The decisions are not in complete accord, but by the weight of authority it is held that the same rule applies where operative fitness or mechanical utility is involved. 77 C.J.S. Sales § 196; Wood Reaping & Mowing Machine Co. v. Smith, 50 Mich. 565, 15 N.W. 906, 45 Am.Rep. 57; McCormick Harvesting-Machine *534Co. v. Chesrown, 33 Minn. 32, 21 N.W. 846; Inman Mfg. Co. v. American Cereal Co., 124 Iowa 737, 100 N.W. 860; Exhaust Ventilator Co. v. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry. Co., 66 Wis. 218, 28 N.W. 343, 57 Am.Rep. 257; Goodrich v. Van Nortwick, 43 Ill. 445; Campbell Printing Press Co. v. Thorp, C.C., 36 F. 414, 1 L.R.A. 645; Tiffany v. Pacific Sewer Pipe Co., 180 Cal. 700, 182 P. 428, 6 A.L.R. 1493; Seeley v. Welles, 120 Pa. 69, 13 A. 736. In Inman Mfg. Co. v. American Cereal Co., supra, involving the purchase of .machines Which were to meet the full satisfaction of the purchaser, the following statement is pertinent [124 Iowa 737, 100 N.W. 861]: “The plaintiff [the vendor] did not undertake to make and install machines which the defendant [the vendee] ought in reason to be satisfied with, and therefore ought to pay for, but he [the vendor] undertook to furnish machines which the defendant [vendee] would be satisfied with, and by this contract he is bound, provided only that the defendant [vendee] acted in good faith, and was honestly dissatisfied. This much an'd no more the law requires of the contemplated purchaser, and if his dissatisfaction is in good faith, it matters not whether it be reasonable, or unreasonable for the law will hot make contracts for persons sui juris.”
The law regards parties competent to contract as they see fit as to the satisfactory character of an article furnished and they assume the obligations and hazards of rendering performance according to the terms of their contract. Hall v. Webb, 66 Cal.App. 416, 226 P. 403: Shepherd v. Union Central Life Ins. Co., 5 Cir., 74 F.2d 180. Professor Williston, in his treatise on Contracts, Rev.E’d.. § 675A, speaking of decisions applying the standard of the reasonable man, states: “This is an arbitrary refusal by the court ■to enforce the contract that the parties made and seems unwarranted. Moreover, it involves a distinction that is almost impossible to make between contracts involving personal taste and those Which do not.” If there was no> bad faith and plaintiff was honestly dissatisfied, his determination was conclusive. It was not enough to show that he should have been satisfied and that his dissatisfaction was without reason.
*535The cases of Richison v. Mead, 11 S.D. 639, 80 N.W. 131, and Janssen v. Muller, 38 S.D. 611, 162 N.W. 393, aré distinguishable. These were actions brought to recover upon contracts for the drilling of artesian wells. The improvement in each case became a part of the freehold and could not be severed. They were not merely executory contracts of sale, but executed contracts under which materials had been furnished and' work done. Under such facts and circumstances, it was never intended that’ the landowner retaining the fruits of the other’s labor could determine for himself whether he was satisfied. As said by the court in Hawkins v. Graham, 149 Mass. 284, 21 N.E. 312, 313: “when the consideration furnished is of such a nature that its value will be lost to the plaintiff either wholly or in part unless paid for, a just hesitation must be felt, and clear language required, before deciding that payment is left to the will, or even to the idiosyncrasies, of the interested party. In doubtful cases Courts have been inclined to construe agreements of this class as agreements to do the thing in such a way as reasonably ought to satisfy the defendant.” That reasoning does not apply where there is an intention clearly expressed as in the instant case to make the satisfaction of the buyer of machines or articles of manufacture which could be rejected the test.
Defendant contends that plaintiff having testified as to reasons for his dissatisfaction is estopped from claiming that the right of decision as to satisfaction was under the terms of the contract reserved in him. Plaintiff was entitled to try out the machines before reaching a decision. He testified that Art Bartling and a mechanic employed by the defendant company came to the job site where plaintiff was trying out the machines; that they agreed that “the machines were not working satisfactorily”; and that Mr. Bartling promised to return the scrapers that plaintiff had delivered to him. The testimony of the plaintiff on which defendant particularly relies and elicited on cross-examination was to the effect that the machines failed to work properly, especially so in slough areas, and that he would not have told the vendor to take them back if the machines worked properly.
*536The trial court had prior to examination of the plaintiff reserved its ruling and it was not until introduction of evidence by the defendant did the court rule that the question whether the machines were satisfactory was- for the sole determination of plaintiff buyer. The record clearly does not sustain counsel’s contention that the right of rejection under the contract was lost by a change of position constituting a waiver or estoppel and that therefore the court submitted the Case to the jury on an erroneous theory.
The judgment appealed from is affirmed.
HANSON and BIEGELMEIER, JJ., concur.
SMITH and RENTTO, JJ., dissent.