Court Opinion

ID: 4423746
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-08 11:52:26.089143+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:36:57.800495
License: Public Domain

Modify and affirm as modified; Opinion Filed August 5, 2019.

                                             In The
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      No. 05-17-01114-CV

                            MATTHEW D. STERN, Appellant
                                       V.
                         BELLA CUSTOM HOMES, INC., Appellee

                       On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2
                                   Dallas County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. CC-16-00079-B

                             MEMORANDUM OPINION
                          Before Justices Bridges, Brown, and Nowell
                                  Opinion by Justice Nowell
       Following a bench trial, the trial court granted appellee Bella Custom Homes, Inc.’s

(“BCH”) motion to file a post-trial pleading amendment over the objection of appellant Matthew

D. Stern. The trial court subsequently entered a final judgment in favor of BCH, which included

awards of attorney’s fees. In three issues, Stern asserts the trial court erred by allowing BCH to

file its post-trial pleading amendment and awarding appellate attorney’s fees to BCH. We modify

the trial court’s judgment and affirm as modified.

                            FACTUAL & PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       BCH and Stern entered into a New Residential Construction Contract in which BCH agreed

to construct a home for Stern. During construction, a dispute arose between the parties, and BCH

terminated the contract pursuant to the contract’s terms. Stern sued BCH for negligence, negligent
misrepresentation, fraud, fraud in the inducement, fraud in a real estate transaction, violations of

the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act, conversion/unjust enrichment/constructive trust, breach

of contract, and breach of express and implied warranties. BCH’s original answer included a

general denial and asserted that paragraph 16(P) of the contract entitled BCH to recover its

reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees.

       In addition to its answer, BCH filed its Amended Counterclaim and Petition for Declaratory

Judgment, which includes a section titled “Claim for Relief.” In that section, BCH pleaded: “The

Defendant and Counter-Plaintiff seeks monetary relief over $100,000 but not more than $200,000,

and non-monetary relief. TEX. R. CIV. P. 47(c)(3).” In its prayer, BCH requested, among other

things, “its attorneys’ fees, pursuant to Sections 37.009 and 38.001(8) of the Texas Civil Practice

and Remedies Code, and Section 16, Subpart P of the Contract.”

       BCH filed a motion for partial summary judgment on its counterclaim for declaratory

judgment, which the trial court granted; the trial court held the parties’ contract is valid and

enforceable. The case proceeded to a bench trial on March 28, 2017, and, after Stern presented

his evidence, BCH moved for directed verdict on all claims. Stern agreed to judgment in favor of

BCH on the following causes of action: negligence, negligent misrepresentation, fraud in a real

estate transaction, and breach of warranty. The trial court subsequently concluded BCH was

entitled to judgment against Stern on all remaining causes of action.

       On the issue of attorney’s fees, the parties stipulated they would submit attorney fee

affidavits to be treated “as if they’re presented in [their] respective cases in chief.” Both parties

submitted affidavits with supporting documentation to the trial court. BCH’s evidence shows it

incurred attorney’s fees of $497,773.42 from inception of the dispute through April 20, 2017. The

affidavit also states BCH is entitled to an additional sum of $40,500 “in the event of any subsequent

unsuccessful appeal by BCH [sic] to a Court of Appeals”; an additional sum of $20,250 “in the

                                                –2–
event of any subsequent unsuccessful petition to the Texas Supreme Court”; and an additional sum

of $20,250 “if the review is accepted but unsuccessful.” Stern provided a rebuttal affidavit to show

the time spent by BCH’s counsel was unreasonable and also asserted BCH’s live pleading limited

its damages to $200,000.

       On May 16, 2017, the trial court sent a letter containing its factual findings to counsel. The

letter states BCH, as the prevailing party, is entitled to an award of reasonable and necessary

attorney’s fees, which are: $350,000 through the time of trial; $40,000 in the event Stern

unsuccessfully appeals to the Court of Appeals; $20,000 “if a petition for review is filed by [Stern]

but not granted by the Supreme Court of Texas”; and an additional $20,000 “if the petition for

review is granted but the appeal to the Supreme Court of Texas is unsuccessful.” Two weeks later,

BCH filed a proposed judgment consistent with the terms of the trial court’s May 16 letter. Stern

objected to the proposed judgment on two grounds: (1) it would grant more relief to BCH than

BCH sought in its pleadings, and (2) it provided for a double recovery.

       On June 15, 2017, BCH filed a motion for leave to file an amended pleading for the purpose

of conforming its pleadings to the evidence at trial. BCH sought to amend the “Claim for Relief”

section of its counterclaim “to state that the claim for relief exceeds $200,000 but not more than

$1,000,000.” Stern filed a verified response stating the amendment would constitute surprise and

prejudice. Stern stated he relied “upon the $200,000 maximum since the time that Bella pleaded

that maximum on May 5, 2016. . . . Of course, it is a surprise to Stern that, after all this time, Bella

wants to change its maximum sought from $200,000 to $1,000,000.” Stern stated he would be

prejudiced “to have planned his case on his liability being capped (by Bella’s own pleadings) at

$200,000 only to learn—months after trial—that his liability would instead be capped at

$1,000,000.”

                                                 –3–
        Without conducting a hearing, the trial court granted BCH’s motion for leave to file an

amended pleading. The court subsequently entered a final judgment in favor of BCH. The

judgment awards $350,000 in reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees through trial, as well as

appellate attorney’s fees if Stern unsuccessfully appeals the judgment to an intermediate court of

appeals or the Texas Supreme Court. This appeal followed.

                                           LAW & ANALYSIS

        In his first issue, Stern asserts the trial court abused its discretion by permitting BCH to file

a post-trial pleading amendment and awarding BCH attorney’s fees in excess of $200,000 because

Stern was surprised and prejudiced when BCH changed its “Claim for Relief” to seek $200,000 to

$1,000,000 instead of $100,000 to $200,000.

        Rule 47 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, titled “Claims for Relief,” sets forth specific

requirements for a party’s “original pleading which sets forth a claim for relief, whether an original

petition, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third party claim.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 47. Subsection (c)

requires a party setting forth a claim for relief to state it seeks:

                (1) only monetary relief of $100,000 or less, including damages of any kind,
        penalties, costs, expenses, pre-judgment interest, and attorney’s fees; or
                (2) monetary relief of $100,000 or less and non-monetary relief; or
                (3) monetary relief over $100,000 but not more than $200,000; or
                (4) monetary relief over $200,000 but not more than $1,000,000; and
                (5) a demand for judgment for all other relief to which the party deems
        himself entitled.

TEX. R. CIV. P. 47(c). BCH’s Amended Counterclaim and Petition for Declaratory Judgment

states: “The Defendant and Counter-Plaintiff seeks monetary relief over $100,000 but not more

than $200,000, and non-monetary relief. TEX. R. CIV. P. 47(c)(3).” After the trial court sent its

May 16 letter stating BCH was entitled to attorney’s fees of $350,000 through the time of trial as

well as additional fees if Stern unsuccessfully appealed the judgment, BCH amended its pleading

                                                   –4–
to state it sought monetary relief over $200,000 but not more than $1,000,000 and non-monetary

relief pursuant to rule 47(c)(4).

       We need not decide whether the trial court erred by permitting BCH to amend its pleading

because a separate, independent, unchallenged ground supports the trial court’s judgment. An

appellant must attack all independent bases or grounds that fully support a complained of ruling

or judgment. Blackstone Med., Inc. v. Phoenix Surgicals, L.L.C., 470 S.W.3d 636, 648 (Tex.

App.—Dallas 2015, no pet.) (citing Creech v. Columbia Med. Ctr. of Las Colinas Subsidiary, L.P.,

411 S.W.3d 1, 6 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.); Oliphant Fin. L.L.C. v. Angiano, 295 S.W.3d
422, 423–24 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.)). If an independent ground fully supports the

complained-of ruling or judgment, but the appellant assigns no error to that independent ground,

an appellate court must accept the validity of that unchallenged independent ground, and any errors

in the grounds challenged on appeal are harmless. Id. (citing Oliphant, 295 S.W.3d at 423–24;

Prater v. State Farm Lloyds, 217 S.W.3d 739, 740–41 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, no pet.)).

       In its answer, BCH asserted it was entitled to recover reasonable and necessary attorney’s

fees pursuant to the terms of the parties’ contract. Paragraph 16, subpart P of the contract includes

the following provision:

       ATTORNEY FEES - The prevailing party in any court proceedings brought under
       or with relation to this Contract may be entitled to recover from the non-prevailing
       party all costs of such proceeding and reasonable attorney’s fees.

The trial court’s unchallenged findings of fact include the following: Stern failed to prove BCH

breached any contract, BCH proved Stern breached the Contract, BCH is the prevailing party and

is entitled to an award of attorney’s fees and also a conditional award of its appellate attorney’s

fees; and both parties provided expert testimony that their claims were “so intertwined that it would

not be possible to segregate fees associated with each of the respective claims.” We defer to a trial

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court’s unchallenged findings of fact supported by some evidence. Tenaska Energy, Inc. v.

Ponderosa Pine Energy, LLC, 437 S.W.3d 518, 523 (Tex. 2014).

          On appeal, Stern does not challenge the trial court’s award of attorney’s fees to BCH on

the ground that BCH was the prevailing party and, pursuant to the terms of the parties’ contract,

was entitled to an award of fees. BCH’s entitlement to its attorney’s fees pursuant to the contract

is separate from the claims for relief it pleaded and separate from its rule 47(c) pleading; the

contract permitted BCH to recover its fees because it prevailed on Stern’s claims for relief.

Because the parties’ contract provided the prevailing party may be entitled to recover attorney’s

fees from the non-prevailing party, and the trial court’s unchallenged findings of fact state BCH

was the prevailing party entitled to its fees which could not be segregated, we conclude this is an

independent ground fully supporting the trial court’s award of attorney’s fees to BCH. If BCH

had not pleaded any claims for relief, it still would have been able to recover its reasonable and

necessary attorney’s fees based on the trial court’s findings. Therefore, we conclude that even if

the trial court erred by granting the pleading amendment, any error is harmless because Stern failed

to challenge an independent ground that fully supports the trial court’s judgment. We overrule

Stern’s first issue.

          In his second issue, Stern asserts the trial court erred by making two $20,000 awards to

BCH related to any unsuccessful appeal to the Texas Supreme Court. Stern argues the judgment

provides for an impermissible “double recovery” if he unsuccessfully appeals the judgment to the

Texas Supreme Court. Stern only cites Waite Hill Services v. World Class Metal Works, Inc., 959
S.W.2d 182 (Tex. 1998) as authority supporting his argument. There the supreme court stated: “A

double recovery exists when a plaintiff obtains more than one recovery for the same injury.” Id.

at 184.

                                                –6–
       The trial court’s judgment states:

              If [Stern] unsuccessfully petitions this matter for review to the Texas
       Supreme Court, Bella is additionally awarded from [Stern] the amount of $20,000,
       representing the reasonable and necessary fees and expenses that would be incurred
       by Bella in responding to the petition for review.
              If [Stern] unsuccessfully appeals to the Texas Supreme Court, Bella is
       additionally awarded from [Stern] the amount of $20,000, representing reasonable
       and necessary fees and expenses that would be incurred by Bella in responding to
       the appeal.

Stern asserts the judgment allows a double recovery because any appeal to the Texas Supreme

Court begins with a petition and, therefore, so long as Stern unsuccessfully petitions the supreme

court, he has appealed to the supreme court, and BCH would be entitled to both $20,000 awards.

In his prayer, Stern asks, among other things, that we modify the language in the judgment to

condition the second $20,000 award on a petition for review being granted.

       A party seeking to alter the judgment of the court of appeals must file a petition for review

with the supreme court. See TEX. R. APP. P. 53.1; see also OIC Holdings, LLC v. Gleason, No.

05-18-00029-CV, 2019 WL 2098616, at *6 (Tex. App.—Dallas May 14, 2019, no pet.) (mem. op.)

(“An appeal to the supreme court is initiated by the filing of a petition for review.”). With or

without granting the petition for review, the supreme court may request the parties file briefs on

the merits. See TEX. R. APP. P. 55.1. Whether to grant review is a matter of judicial discretion.

See TEX. R. APP. P. 56.1.

       Because filing a petition for review is the first stage of an appeal to the Texas Supreme

Court, we agree with Stern that the trial court’s judgment does not clearly delineate the two-stage

process of an appeal to the supreme court and, therefore, could be interpreted to award a total of

$40,000 to BCH if Stern files a petition for review and is unsuccessful.

       This Court is empowered to modify the trial court’s judgment when it has the necessary

information available to do so. See Morgan Keegan & Co., Inc. v. Purdue Ave. Inv’rs LP, No. 05-

15-00369-CV, 2016 WL 2941266, at *9 (Tex. App.—Dallas May 18, 2016, pet. denied) (mem.
                                               –7–
op.) (citing Mullins v. Mullins, 202 S.W.3d 869, 878 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, pet. denied)); TEX.

R. APP. P. 43.2(b). BCH’s attorney’s fee affidavit states BCH is entitled to $20,250 “in the event

of any subsequent unsuccessful petition to the Texas Supreme Court” and an additional sum of

$20,250 “if the review is accepted but unsuccessful.” The trial court reduced these awards to

$20,000 each. Because the necessary information is in the record, we modify the judgment to

state:

                  If Plaintiff unsuccessfully petitions this matter for review to the Texas
           Supreme Court, Bella is additionally awarded from Plaintiff the amount of $20,000,
           representing the reasonable and necessary fees and expenses that would be incurred
           by Bella in responding to the petition for review.
                  If the Texas Supreme Court requests briefs on the merits, but Plaintiff is
           unsuccessful in his appeal to the Texas Supreme Court, Bella additionally is
           awarded the amount of $20,000 from Plaintiff, representing reasonable and
           necessary fees and expenses that would be incurred by Bella in preparing a
           response.

We sustain Stern’s second issue to this extent.

           In his third issue, Stern argues there is no evidence supporting the trial court’s award of

$40,000 to BCH in the event Stern unsuccessfully appeals to the court of appeals. 1 A legal

sufficiency or “no evidence” point will be sustained when (1) there is a complete absence of

evidence of a vital fact, (2) the court is barred by rules of law or of evidence from giving weight

to the only evidence offered to prove a vital fact, (3) the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is

no more than a mere scintilla, or (4) the evidence conclusively establishes the opposite of a vital

fact. Scott Pelley P.C. v. Wynne, No. 05-18-00550-CV, 2019 WL 2462801, at *4 (Tex. App.—

Dallas June 13, 2019, no pet.) (citing Merrell Dow Pharms., Inc. v. Havner, 953 S.W.2d 706, 711

(Tex. 1997); Thompson & Knight LLP v. Patriot Expl., LLC, 444 S.W.3d 157, 162 (Tex. App.—

Dallas 2014, no pet.)). More than a scintilla of evidence exists when, as a whole, the evidence

     1
        Stern’s issue states there is no evidence or insufficient evidence to support the trial court’s award. Stern provides no legal authority to
support this argument; he does not provide any standard of review. Because Stern’s prayer requests that we render judgment deleting the award of
attorney’s fees and without further guidance from Stern in his briefing, we construe his third issue as a legal sufficiency challenge, not a factual
sufficiency one. See Scott Pelley P.C. v. Wynne, No. 05-18-00550-CV, 2019 WL 2462801, at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 13, 2019, no pet.).

                                                                       –8–
supporting the finding “rises to a level that would enable reasonable and fair-minded people to

differ in their conclusions.” Id. (quoting Merrell Dow Pharms., Inc., 953 S.W.2d at 711). If the

evidence is so weak as to do no more than create a mere surmise or suspicion of its existence, its

legal effect is that it is no evidence. Id. (citing Thompson & Knight, LLP, 444 S.W.3d at 162).

When reviewing a legal sufficiency challenge, “we must view the evidence in a light that tends to

support the disputed finding and disregard evidence and inferences to the contrary.” Id. (quoting

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Canchola, 121 S.W.3d 735, 739 (Tex. 2003)).

       The attorney’s fee affidavit from BCH’s counsel states:

       Additionally, in the event of any subsequent unsuccessful appeal by BCH to a Court
       of Appeals, it is my opinion Defendant/Counter-Plaintiff is entitled to an additional
       sum of $40,500.00 ($450.00 per hour x 90 hours) as reasonable and necessary
       attorney’s fees for such an appeal.

The affidavit incorrectly discusses an unsuccessful appeal by BCH, the prevailing party at trial,

rather than Stern, the non-prevailing party at trial. Based on the error in the affidavit, Stern argues

there is no evidence to support the award of attorney’s fees to BCH in the event of an unsuccessful

appeal by Stern. BCH responds this is a typographical error, and the affidavit supports its

conditional appellate fees. Neither party cited any authority about whether this error makes the

evidence insufficient.

       “A mere typographical error in an affidavit is not a prohibited inconsistency if it does not

cause confusion.” Kyani, Inc. v. HD Walz II Enterprises, Inc., No. 05-17-00486-CV, 2018 WL
3545072, at *5 (Tex. App.—Dallas July 24, 2018, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Rogers v. RREF II

CB Acquisitions, LLC, 533 S.W.3d 419, 437 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2016, no pet.)); see also

Hernandez v. Lukefahr, 879 S.W.2d 137, 143 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1994, no writ)

(“A mere typographical error, when viewed in the context of the entire affidavit, is not an

inconsistency if it causes no confusion.”). Nothing in the record indicates the trial court was

confused by the affidavit incorrectly discussing an appeal by BCH rather than Stern. Instead, the
                                                 –9–
record shows the trial court understood that Stern, as the non-prevailing party at trial, would be the

party appealing its judgment, not BCH. We cannot say there is no evidence supporting the trial

court’s award of appellate attorney’s fees to this Court as a result of this error. We overrule Stern’s

third issue.

                                            CONCLUSION

        We modify language in the trial court’s judgment relating to attorney’s fees awarded to

BCH if Stern unsuccessfully appeals this matter to the Texas Supreme Court. As modified, we

affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                    /Erin A. Nowell/
                                                    ERIN A. NOWELL
                                                    JUSTICE

171114F.P05

                                                –10–
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

 MATTHEW D. STERN, Appellant                         On Appeal from the County Court at Law
                                                     No. 2, Dallas County, Texas
 No. 05-17-01114-CV         V.                       Trial Court Cause No. CC-16-00079-B.
                                                     Opinion delivered by Justice Nowell.
 BELLA CUSTOM HOMES, INC.,                           Justices Bridges and Brown participating.
 Appellee

    In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
MODIFIED as follows:

       We DELETE the following words from the judgment of the trial court:

       If Plaintiff unsuccessfully appeals to the Texas Supreme Court, Bella is
       additionally awarded from Plaintiff the amount of $20,000, representing
       reasonable and necessary fees and expenses that would be incurred by Bella in
       responding to the appeal.

       We ADD the following words to the judgment of the trial court:

       If the Texas Supreme Court requests briefs on the merits, but Plaintiff is
       unsuccessful in his appeal to the Texas Supreme Court, Bella additionally is
       awarded the amount of $20,000 from Plaintiff, representing reasonable and
       necessary fees and expenses that would be incurred by Bella in preparing a
       response.

It is ORDERED that, as modified, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that appellee BELLA CUSTOM HOMES, INC. recover its costs of this
appeal from appellant MATTHEW D. STERN.

Judgment entered this 5th day of August, 2019.

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