Court Opinion

ID: 1040006
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-09-05 20:17:20.48065+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:49:40.298782
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                                SEP 04 2013

                                                                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

In re: THE NVIDIA GPU LITIGATION.               No. 11-15186

                                                D.C. No. 5:08-CV-04312-JW
STEVEN NAKASH; et al.,

              Plaintiffs - Appellees,           MEMORANDUM*

       v.

NVIDIA CORPORATION,

              Defendant - Appellee,

       v.

FRANK BARBARA,

              Objector - Appellant.

In re: THE NVIDIA GPU LITIGATION.               No. 11-15190

                                                D.C. No. 5:08-CV-04312-JW
STEVEN NAKASH; et al.,

              Plaintiffs - Appellees,

  v.

        *
         This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
STEVEN F. HELFAND,

            Objector - Appellant,

 v.

NVIDIA CORPORATION; et al.,

            Defendants - Appellees,

 v.

APPLE INC.,

            Third-party-defendant -
Appellee.

In re: THE NVIDIA GPU LITIGATION.         No. 11-15191

                                          D.C. No. 5:08-CV-04312-JW
STEVEN NAKASH; et al.,

            Plaintiffs - Appellees,

 v.

CHASE A. THOMPSON,

            Objector - Appellant,

 v.

NVIDIA CORPORATION; et al.,

            Defendants - Appellees,

                                      2
 v.

APPLE INC.,

            Third-party-defendant -
Appellee.

In re: THE NVIDIA GPU LITIGATION.            No. 11-15192

                                             D.C. No. 5:08-CV-04312-JW
STEVEN NAKASH; et al.,

            Plaintiffs - Appellees,

 v.

NIKKI JOHNSON,

            Objector - Appellant,

 v.

NVIDIA CORPORATION; et al.,

            Defendants - Appellees,

 v.

APPLE INC.,

            Third-party-defendant -
Appellee.

                 Appeals from the United States District Court

                                      3
                       for the Northern District of California
                       James Ware, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted August 13, 2013
                            San Francisco, California

Before: GRABER, BEA, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.

      This is a nationwide class action involving claims by purchasers of

computers containing allegedly defective graphics processing units designed and

sold by Defendant NVIDIA Corporation. The district court approved a settlement

and awarded attorney fees. Nine objectors timely appeal. We affirm.

      1. The district court did not abuse its discretion, Radcliffe v. Experian Info.

Solutions Inc., 715 F.3d 1157, 1162 (9th Cir. 2013), in approving the settlement.

Claimants whose computers exhibit problems can receive replacement computers

or motherboards or be reimbursed for the costs of repairing their computers.

Accordingly, the settlement provides "fundamentally fair, adequate and

reasonable" relief. Torrisi v. Tucson Electric Power Co., 8 F.3d 1370, 1375 (9th

Cir. 1993) (internal quotation marks omitted).

      (a) Some objectors argue that the district court abused its discretion in

approving a settlement that provides no remedy to class members who discarded

their defective computers or who bought replacements. But such members could

opt out to preserve their claims. Additionally, class members who discarded

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computers could pursue relief through other litigation under Amendment 3 to the

settlement. The fact that the other litigation was ultimately unsuccessful does not

show that the district court abused its discretion here. Finally, we note that the

record shows only 5 objectors who asserted that they had abandoned their

computers, after individual notice was given to about 5 million consumers; in the

absence of any evidence that there is a substantial group affected, the settlement

remains reasonable.

      (b) One objector argues that the settlement was unfair because consumers

must be able to prove purchase of one of the affected computers. This is a

reasonable requirement to prevent fraud, and it recognizes the weakness of the

claim of any purported class member who lacks any documentation of purchase.

Similarly, the requirement that class members send in a computer for replacement

or repair is a reasonable method of preventing fraud.

      (c) Some objectors assert that the settlement was a product of collusion

between Plaintiffs and Defendant. The record fails to bear out this claim. Class

members received substantial benefits under the settlement. Class certification was

litigated vigorously, and extensive discovery occurred before a settlement

agreement was reached. Moreover, mediation services were required to achieve

the settlement. See, e.g., Jones v. GN Netcom, Inc. (In re Bluetooth Headset Prods.

                                          5
Liab. Litig.), 654 F.3d 935, 948 (9th Cir. 2011) (holding that the use of a "neutral

mediator" is "a factor weighing in favor of a finding of non-collusiveness").

          2. The district court did not abuse its discretion, Conn. Ret. Plans & Trust

Funds v. Amgen Inc., 660 F.3d 1170, 1174–75 (9th Cir. 2011), in certifying the

class.

          (a) One objector asserts that the class definition is too indefinite because it

will require a "mini-trial" to determine whether claimants fall within the class. But

the settlement procedure requires only the submission of a simple claim form along

with documentation of eligibility for relief, to be reviewed by the settlement

administrator. The class definition is detailed and clear and does not require mini-

trials.

          (b) One objector argues that differences in states’ consumer class-action

laws preclude the named plaintiffs from meeting the predominance and adequate

representation requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(a) and (b). We

note, though, that almost all claims arise under California law, even for class

members who reside in other states. Moreover, Rule 23 does not require that a

class share identical legal claims where, as here, the common question of fact

applicable to all class members—whether the computer chip was defective and, if

so, whether it caused the problems that some buyers experienced—is the core of

                                              6
the case. Thus, the named plaintiffs’ claims fairly encompass the class claims,

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 131 S. Ct. 2541, 2550 (2011), and the proposed

class is "sufficiently cohesive," Wang v. Chinese Daily News, Inc., 709 F.3d 829,

835 (9th Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks omitted).

      3. The class notice was adequate. See Torrisi, 8 F.3d at 1374 (holding that

we review adequacy de novo). A class settlement must provide the best notice

practicable, including individual notice where reasonable. Fed. R. Civ. P.

23(c)(2)(B). "Notice is satisfactory if it generally describes the terms of the

settlement in sufficient detail to alert those with adverse viewpoints to investigate

and to come forward and be heard." Churchill Vill., L.L.C. v. Gen. Electric, 361

F.3d 566, 575 (9th Cir. 2004) (internal quotation marks omitted).

      (a) Some objectors argue that the notice was inadequate because the

settlement’s website summary failed to clarify whether class members who

received their computers as gifts qualified for relief. This claim was waived

because it was not presented to the district court. O’Guinn v. Lovelock Corr. Ctr.,

502 F.3d 1056, 1063 n.3 (9th Cir. 2007). Even if the claim was not waived,

though, the website linked to not just a summary, but also the entire court-

approved notice. Moreover, as noted, individual notice was sent to about 5 million

                                           7
consumers, and full notice was published in USA Today and various other print

media.

      (b) One objector argues that Amendment 2 changed the definition of the

class without notice to owners of Dell computers. Amendment 2 did not change

the class definition or include any persons or computers not encompassed by the

notice. Thus we see no risk that the amendment caused any un-notified class

members to release claims.

      (c) Some objectors argue that the notice failed to explain sufficiently which

HP computers would entitle class members to the replacement remedy. But they

fail to identify any specific deficiency in the notice.

      4. The district court did not abuse its discretion, In re Bluetooth Headset,

654 F.3d at 940, in approving a negotiated award of $13 million in attorney fees.

Although the award is large, it is proportional to the time spent by counsel under

the lodestar method that the district court used; counsel provided an accounting of

more than $10 million worth of time (well over 20,000 hours). The court

permissibly took into account such factors as the vigor and length of litigation, the

complexity of issues, the risk that Plaintiffs would have recovered less or nothing

through further litigation, the significant benefits to class members, and the

mediator’s opinion that the amount was fair and reasonable.

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         5. We have reviewed the remaining arguments carefully, and we find no

error.

         AFFIRMED.

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