Court Opinion

ID: 4702814
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-07-12 14:10:00.33061+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:06:26.928417
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-0214-19

LISA BONANNO,

           Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

COUNTY OF UNION
NEW JERSEY,

     Defendant-Respondent.
_________________________

                    Argued January 21, 2021 – Decided July 12, 2021

                    Before Judges Alvarez and Mitterhoff.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Union County, Docket No. L-0928-19.

                    Steven J. Kossup argued the cause for appellant.

                    Courtney M. Knight argued the cause for respondent
                    (Florio Perrucci Steinhardt & Cappelli, LLC, attorneys;
                    Courtney M. Knight, on the brief).

PER CURIAM
      Plaintiff Lisa Bonanno appeals an August 27, 2019 order dismissing, with

prejudice, her complaint in lieu of prerogative writs against defendant County

of Union. On appeal, she challenges the dismissal of her complaint for failure

to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, R. 4:6-2(e), due to the failure

to exhaust her administrative remedies.      R. 4:69-5. Alternatively, plaintiff

maintains the judge erred in dismissing the complaint in lieu of prerogative writ s

with prejudice. After careful review of the record, and in light of the applicable

law, we affirm the dismissal for failure to exhaust administrative remedies. We

agree, however, that dismissal with prejudice was not warranted and, therefore,

remand for modification of the order of dismissal.

      We discern the following facts from the limited record before us, giving

plaintiff "the benefit of all [the] favorable inferences." Stubaus v. Whitman, 339

N.J. Super. 38, 52 (App. Div. 2001). In 1988, plaintiff was initially employed

by defendant as a clerk, which was classified as a permanent position. From

1990 to 2007, she was continuously employed by defendant in various capacities

that were purportedly deemed "temporary" because they were funded, at least

partially, pursuant to the Job Training Partnership Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 1501 to

1792(b), and its successor program, the Workforce Investment Act, 29 U.S.C.

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§§ 2801 to 2945, repealed by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act,

29 U.S.C. §§ 3101 to 3361.

      In 2017, plaintiff sought to purchase past service credits in the Public

Employees' Retirement System (PERS). The Division of Pensions and Benefits

(the Division) requested that defendant fill out the appropriate employment

verification forms for the period between 1994 and 2008. Defendant completed

the forms and provided the documentation to the Division.         The Division

determined that plaintiff was only eligible to purchase service credits for a

twelve-month period from July 1, 2007, until June 30, 2008. Plaintiff was

apparently ineligible to purchase service credit from 1994 to 2007 because she

was a "temporary employee" who was "employed under the federal Workforce

Investment Act" and "the federal Job Training Partnership Act."        N.J.S.A.

43:15A-7(h).

      In October 2018, plaintiff sent defendant letters requesting an accounting

of her period of employment from 1994 to 2007, and for records indicating the

source of payment pursuant to the Open Public Records Act (OPRA), N.J.S.A.

47:1A-1 to -13. These documents were later emailed to plaintiff's counsel.

      In March 2019, plaintiff filed a complaint in lieu of prerogative writs

against defendant alleging that defendant incorrectly classified her as a

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                                       3
temporary employee between 1994 and 2007. Plaintiff sought affirmative relief

in the form of a court order requiring defendant to perform "a ministerial act or

duty." Specifically, plaintiff requested an accounting to determine that the

period be deemed "creditable service" and eligible for enrollment in PERS.

Defendant subsequently filed a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim

upon which relief can be granted. R. 4:6-2(e). Defendant argued plaintiff failed

to exhaust her administrative remedies and that the Law Division was not the

proper forum.1

      On August 27, 2019, following oral argument, the judge entered an order

dismissing plaintiff's complaint in lieu of prerogative writs with prejudice. In

the accompanying written opinion, the judge determined that:

            plaintiff's dispute as to her employment status and
            pension credits is properly [heard] before an
            administrative agency and not the Superior Court. . . .
            This type of dispute must be adjudicated before the
            appropriate agency. Additionally, the administrative
            agency permits parties to engage in discovery and[,]
            therefore[,] the documents that plaintiff is seeking
            could be part of a document request, and if they are
            critical and not furnished, an application may be made
            to the administrative tribunal.

1
  Defendant also argued that plaintiff's complaint was time-barred pursuant to Rule
4:69-6(a). We conclude that this argument lacks sufficient merit to warrant
discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
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                                        4
      We review "de novo the trial court's determination of the motion to

dismiss under Rule 4:6-2(e)."      Dimitrakopoulos v. Borrus, Goldin, Foley,

Vignuolo, Hyman and Stahl, P.C., 237 N.J. 91, 108 (2019) (citing Stop & Shop

Supermarket Co., LLC v. Cnty. of Bergen, 450 N.J. Super. 286, 290 (App. Div.

2017)). Such review "is limited to examining the legal sufficiency of the facts

alleged on the face of the complaint," and, in determining whether dismissal

under Rule 4:6-2(e) is warranted, the court should not concern itself with

plaintiff's ability to prove her allegations. Printing Mart-Morristown v. Sharp

Elecs, Corp., 116 N.J. 739, 746 (1989).

      Pursuant to Rule 4:69-5, an action in lieu of prerogative writs "shall not

be maintainable as long as there is available a right of review before an

administrative agency which has not been exhausted." This requirement exists

unless "it is manifest that the interest of justice requires otherwise." Ibid. Our

Court has noted that:

            [T]he exhaustion of remedies requirement is a rule of
            practice designed to allow administrative bodies to
            perform their statutory functions in an orderly manner
            without preliminary interference from the courts.
            Therefore, while it is neither a jurisdictional nor an
            absolute requirement, there is nonetheless a strong
            presumption favoring the requirement of exhaustion of
            remedies.

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                                        5
             [Brunetti v. New Milford, 68 N.J. 576, 588 (1975)
             (citation omitted).]

      As the motion judge implicitly recognized:

             the doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies
             serves three primary goals: (1) the rule ensures that
             claims will be heard, as a preliminary matter, by a body
             possessing expertise in the area; (2) administrative
             exhaustion allows the parties to create a factual record
             necessary for meaningful appellate review; and (3) the
             agency decision may satisfy the parties and thus obviate
             resort to the courts.

             [Atlantic City v. Laezza, 80 N.J. 255, 265 (1979).]

      While we agree with the motion judge that the matter is better suited to be

adjudicated before the proper administrative agency, 2 we disagree with the

decision to dismiss plaintiff's complaint with prejudice. "Generally, a dismissal

that is 'on the merits' of a claim is with prejudice, but a dismissal that is 'based

on a court's procedural inability to consider a case' is without prejudice." Alan

J. Cornblatt, P.A. v. Barow, 153 N.J. 218, 243 (1998) (quoting Watkins v.

Resorts Int'l Hotel & Casino, Inc., 124 N.J. 398, 415-16 (1991)). Indeed, "a

dismissal for failure to state a claim is [ordinarily] without prejudice." Pressler

2
   "Exceptions exist when only a question of law need be resolved; when the
administrative remedies would be futile; when irreparable harm would result; when
jurisdiction of the agency is doubtful; or when an overriding public interest calls for
a prompt judicial decision." Garrow v. Elizabeth Gen. Hosp. & Dispensary, 79 N.J.
549, 561 (1979) (citations omitted). None of these exceptions apply here.
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& Verniero, Current N.J. Court Rules, cmt. 4.1.1 on R. 4:6-2(e) (2020); see also

Nostrame v. Santiago, 213 N.J. 109, 128 (2013). Accordingly, we remand to

the trial judge for the limited purpose of modifying the order of dismissal to

provide that plaintiff's complaint is dismissed without prejudice.

      Affirmed as modified and remanded for correction of the order.

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