Court Opinion

ID: 3150582
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-29 15:04:07.534054+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:56:53.898711
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                             Oct 29 2015, 9:32 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael P. Quirk                                         Gregory F. Zoeller
Muncie, Indiana                                          Attorney General of Indiana
                                                         Larry D. Allen
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Christina L. Reber,                                      October 29, 2015
Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         18A02-1503-CR-153
        v.                                               Appeal from the Delaware Circuit
                                                         Court
State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable Marianne L.
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Vorhees, Judge
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         18C01-1204-FB-9

Pyle, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A02-1503-CR-153 | October 29, 2015   Page 1 of 7
[1]   Christina L. Reber (“Reber”) appeals her conviction for Class C felony battery.1

      On appeal, she claims that the trial court erred in granting the State’s motion in

      limine and that insufficient evidence existed rebutting her claim of self-defense.

      Concluding that Reber failed to preserve the trial court’s limine ruling for

      appeal and that the record contained sufficient evidence to rebut her claim of

      self-defense, we affirm Reber’s conviction.

[2]   We affirm.

                                                        Issues
          1. Whether Reber preserved the trial court’s ruling on the State’s
             motion in limine for appeal.

          2. Whether insufficient evidence existed rebutting Reber’s claim of self-
             defense.

                                                        Facts
[3]   Reber had been involved in a romantic relationship with Dennis Newman

      (“Newman”) for about eight months. Apparently, as of March 30, 2012, the

      relationship was over, unbeknownst to Reber. On the same day, Reber held a

      birthday party for her son and had invited Newman to attend. Newman did not

      attend the party. During the party, Reber learned that Newman had made

      1
       IND. CODE § 35-42-2-1 (2012). We note that, effective July 1, 2014, a new version of this battery statute was
      enacted and that Class C felony battery is now a Level 5 felony. Because Reber committed this offense in
      2012, we will apply the statute in effect at that time.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A02-1503-CR-153 | October 29, 2015             Page 2 of 7
      some negative remarks about a friend of Reber’s. Reber believed that Newman

      did not come to the party in order to avoid a confrontation about his remarks.

[4]   Later that evening, Newman received a phone call from Reber, but he did not

      answer it. Reber left a voice message and told Newman that he was “afraid to

      answer his phone” and “he should be.” (State’s Ex. 1). Reber eventually went

      to Newman’s home and entered his house through his unlocked front door.

      Newman had not invited her inside, and he asked her to leave his house. Reber

      turned toward the front door, and Newman followed behind her. Instead of

      leaving, Reber turned toward Newman and slapped his face two to three times.

[5]   After Reber slapped him, Newman saw “flashes in his eye” and felt

      excruciating pain in his testicles. (Tr. 73). After slapping him, Reber had

      placed her hands up Newman’s gym shorts and had begun squeezing his

      testicles. To get Reber to release her grip on his testicles, Newman hit her two

      to three times on the top of her head. Reber let go, and Newman went to the

      bathroom. Newman checked his injuries and saw that Reber had torn his

      scrotum, causing pain and bleeding. Reber had not left Newman’s home, and

      he asked her to call for help. Instead, she ran out of his front door.

[6]   On April 4, 2012, the State charged Reber with aggravated battery as a Class B

      felony. The State later amended the charge to battery resulting in seriously

      bodily injury as a Class C felony. After numerous delays and continuances, a

      bench trial was scheduled for July 17, 2014. Before trial, the State filed a

      motion in limine to prevent Reber from mentioning allegedly irrelevant details

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A02-1503-CR-153 | October 29, 2015   Page 3 of 7
      about her and Newman’s past relationship. In response, Reber argued that

      emails and text messages between the two were relevant evidence toward

      Newman’s character. Reber, however, did concede that some evidence in the

      motion was inadmissible.

[7]   The trial court issued its ruling on the State’s motion in limine and excluded the

      evidence as conceded by Reber. As for the rest of the motion, the trial court

      ruled that it would entertain admitting the remaining evidence if Reber

      complied with the requirements of Indiana Rule of Evidence 404(b). The trial

      went on as scheduled, and, by agreement, both parties submitted proposed

      findings of fact and written arguments instead of closing argument at trial. The

      trial court entered its findings of fact and conclusions thereon and found Reber

      guilty on August 27, 2014. Reber now appeals.

                                                  Decision
[8]   On appeal, Reber essentially argues that the trial court erred in its ruling on the

      motion in limine and that there was insufficient evidence to rebut her claim of

      self-defense. We address her arguments in turn.

      1. Motion in Limine

[9]   Reber argues that the “[t]rial [c]ourt erred in excluding evidence of text

      messages, emails, conversations or other communications [relating]” to their

      past sexual and violent encounters. (Reber’s Br. 16). We note, however, that

      the trial court did not exclude this evidence. Rather, the trial court instructed

      Reber to submit specific instances to be considered in accordance with Rule
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A02-1503-CR-153 | October 29, 2015   Page 4 of 7
       404(b). (App. 125-26). Not only did Reber not submit any 404(b) evidence

       prior to trial, she also did not seek to offer any evidence of the kind during trial.

[10]   “‘A motion in limine is not a final ruling on the admissibility of evidence, and a

       ruling on the motion does not preserve the error for appeal.’” Watson v. State,

       972 N.E.2d 378, 386 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012) (quoting Simmons v. State, 760 N.E.2d
1154, 1158 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002) (internal citations omitted)). In order to

       preserve an error in the overruling of a pre-trial motion in limine for appellate

       review, a party must do more than challenge the ruling on the motion in limine.

       Hollowell v. State, 753 N.E.2d 612, 615 (Ind. 2001). Absent either a ruling

       admitting evidence accompanied by a timely objection or a ruling excluding

       evidence accompanied by a proper offer of proof, there is no basis for a claim of

       error. Id. at 616; See also Ind. Evidence Rule 103(a). Here, because there was

       no ruling at trial excluding her evidence, Reber has no ability to claim error,

       and her argument regarding the trial court’s ruling on the motion in limine fails.

       2. Sufficiency

[11]   Reber does not dispute the fact that she battered Newman and caused serious

       bodily injury. Instead, her challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence is that

       the State failed to present sufficient evidence to rebut her claim that she battered

       him in self-defense.

[12]   The standard of review for a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence to rebut a

       claim of self-defense is the same as the standard for any sufficiency of the

       evidence claim. Wilson v. State, 770 N.E.2d 799, 801 (Ind. 2002). We neither

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A02-1503-CR-153 | October 29, 2015   Page 5 of 7
       reweigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of witnesses. Id. Additionally, if

       there is sufficient evidence of probative value to support the conclusion of the

       trier of fact, then the verdict will not be disturbed. Id.

[13]   A valid claim of self-defense is legal justification for an otherwise criminal act.

       Coleman v. State, 946 N.E.2d 1160, 1165 (Ind. 2011). “A person is justified in

       using reasonable force against any other person to protect the person or a third

       person from what the person reasonably believes to be the imminent use of

       unlawful force.” IND. CODE § 35-41-3-2(c). However, a person is not justified

       in using force if the person has “entered into combat with another person or is

       the initial aggressor unless the person withdraws from the encounter and

       communicates to the other person the intent to do so and the other person

       nevertheless continues or threatens to continue unlawful action.” I.C. § 35-41-

       3-2(g)(3).

[14]   In order to prevail on a claim of self-defense, a defendant must show: (1) she

       was in a place where he had a right to be; (2) she acted without fault; and (3)

       she had a reasonable fear of death or great bodily harm. Coleman, 946 N.E.2d

       at 1165. “When a claim of self-defense is raised and finds support in the

       evidence, the State has the burden of negating at least one of the necessary

       elements.” Wilson, 770 N.E.2d at 800. “The State may meet this burden by

       rebutting the defense directly, by affirmatively showing the defendant did not

       act in self-defense, or by simply relying upon the sufficiency of its evidence in

       chief.” Miller v. State, 720 N.E.2d 696, 700 (Ind. 1999). Id. Whether the State

       has met its burden is a question of fact for the fact-finder. Id.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A02-1503-CR-153 | October 29, 2015   Page 6 of 7
[15]   Reber argues that she presented a valid claim of self-defense because she had a

       key to Newman’s house, only grabbed and squeezed Newman’s testicles after

       he struck her, and because she had a reasonable fear of death or great bodily

       harm. However, the State’s case-in-chief showed that Reber had no right to be

       in Newman’s home and that she was the initial aggressor. Newman told Reber

       to leave his home and only hit her after she grabbed and squeezed his testicles.

       Essentially, Reber is asking us to reweigh the trial court’s credibility

       determination between her and Newman, which we will not do. See Drane v.

       State, 867 N.E.2d 144, 146 (Ind. 2007).

[16]   Because Reber did not preserve a claim of error regarding the trial court’s

       motion in limine ruling and because the State’s case-in-chief rebutted Reber’s

       claim of self-defense, we affirm her conviction.

[17]   Affirmed.

       Vaidik, C.J., and Robb, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A02-1503-CR-153 | October 29, 2015   Page 7 of 7