Court Opinion

ID: 6496533
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-06-29 20:12:53.653845+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:08:04.249405
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
              APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION

                                   SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                   APPELLATE DIVISION
                                   DOCKET NO. A-0726-20

SHEILA BRYANT and LARRY
BRYANT, wife and husband,

     Plaintiffs-Appellants,               APPROVED FOR PUBLICATION
                                                     June 16, 2022
v.                                               APPELLATE DIVISION

COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND,

     Defendant-Respondent.
_____________________________

           Submitted June 7, 2022 – Decided June 16, 2022

           Before Judges Fisher, Currier, and DeAlmeida.

           On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
           Division, Cumberland County, Docket No. L-0084-20.

           Jarve Kaplan Granato Starr, LLC, attorneys for
           appellants (Mati Jarve and Katherine M. Jarve, on the
           briefs).

           The Garty Law Firm, LLC, attorneys for respondent
           (M. Lou Garty, on the brief).

     The opinion of the court was delivered by

FISHER, P.J.A.D.
        In a matter of first impression, we hold that service of a Tort Claims Act1

notice of claim on a county is sufficient when sent to the county clerk rather

than the board of county commissioners.

        Plaintiff Sheila Bryant and her husband filed this personal injury action in

February 2020, alleging Cumberland County's negligence caused her to slip and

fall in the county courthouse parking lot nearly two years earlier. Rather than

answer the complaint, the County moved to dismiss or, in the alternative, for

summary judgment, asserting that plaintiffs failed to comply with the Tort

Claims Act's notice requirements. The County did not claim some infirmity in

the notice's form or content; it argued instead that the notice was not properly

served because plaintiffs sent it to the County Clerk instead of the Clerk of the

Board of County Commissioners.2

        In her written opinion, the trial judge correctly focused on those parts of

the Tort Claims Act that govern the manner of service of a notice of claim.

N.J.S.A. 59:8-7 is specific about how to serve the State, calling for its

submission to either the Attorney General or "the department or agency involved

1
    N.J.S.A. 59:1-1 to 12-3.
2
 The entities once known as boards of chosen freeholders are now known as
boards of county commissioners. See L. 2020, c. 67 (effective Jan. 1, 2021).
                                                                              A-0726-20
                                          2
in the alleged wrongful act or omission." But, as for "local public entit[ies],"

defined as including all public bodies except the State, N.J.S.A. 59:8-2, the Act

requires only that the notice of claim be filed with "that entity," N.J.S.A. 59:8-

7, or "the entity," N.J.S.A. 59:8-10, without further elaboration. And so, there is

nothing in the Tort Claims Act that would identify for a claimant the particular

county office or officer to be served with the required notice of claim; in fact,

the Act does not even suggest there is just one county office or officer that fits

the bill.

       In her thorough opinion, the trial judge considered the various roles

performed by county clerks and boards of county commissioners. The judge

concluded that because it is the governing body and would "oversee litigation

against the County," it was Cumberland's Board of County Commissioners and

not its County Clerk that had to be served, even though the judge also recognized

the County Clerk "is an entity within the County that acts on behalf of the

County for some functions[.]"

       There is some logic in the trial judge's approach and in her conclusion that

the Board of County Commissioners is the office within the County that would

bear the responsibility for overseeing the litigation, and we would agree that the

Board of County Commissioners was an appropriate entity upon which to serve

                                                                             A-0726-20
                                         3
a notice of claim. But we also cannot overlook that a litigant's failure to draw

the same conclusion – without any guidance from the Tort Claims Act – would

lead to the barring of a meritorious claim.

      We find nothing in the broad phrasing of N.J.S.A. 59:8-7 and -10 to

suggest, as the County argues, that it is only the clerk of the board of county

commissioners that a plaintiff must serve with a notice of claim. If that is what

the Act intended, then it could have said so. We also find nothing in these

provisions to foreclose the possibility that the Legislature may have intended

that more than one county office or officer could represent the county for

purposes of receiving a notice of claim. This is suggested as well by Rule 4:4-

4(a)(8), which allows for service of process on public bodies other than the State

by personally serving the summons and complaint on "the presiding officer or

on the clerk or secretary thereof." Our courts have not previously considered or

construed Rule 4:4-4(a)(8), but its plain language plausibly supports the notion

that there is, in fact, more than one person who may accept service of a summons

and complaint for a county and that one of those persons would be "the clerk

. . . thereof," a phrase that may reasonably be understood as connoting the county

clerk. We have not been provided with a principled reason for concluding that

the Tort Claims Act's requirements for service of a notice of claim on a county

                                                                            A-0726-20
                                        4
are more exacting than Rule 4:4-4's requirements, which have constitutional

underpinnings, for serving a summons and complaint on a county.

      In short, the Tort Claims Act failed to identify who it is a claimant must

serve with a notice of claim when suing a county. And, to be sure, it is a matter

best cleared up by the Legislature. See Plastic Surgery Ctr., P.A. v. Malouf

Chevrolet-Cadillac, Inc., 241 N.J. 112, 113 (2020); E.C. v. Inglima-Donaldson,

470 N.J. Super. 41, 56 (App. Div. 2021). Until then, however, we believe the

question should be answered in a way that promotes fairness to all parties. In

the final analysis, the notice provisions of the Tort Claims Act were not intended

"as 'a trap for the unwary.'" H.C. Equities, L.P. v. County of Union, 247 N.J.

366, 383 (2021) (quoting Murray v. Brown, 259 N.J. Super. 360, 365 (Law Div.

1991)). When plaintiffs mailed their notice of claim, all they had for guidance

were the Act's provisions that the notice had to be sent to the "entity" they

intended to sue.3 See N.J.S.A. 59:8-7 and -10. Because there is a certain logic to

serving a county by serving its county clerk – just as service of a notice on a

municipality would logically be forwarded to the municipal clerk – we conclude

3
  In her written opinion, the judge referred to the county website as a source of
information about where to serve a notice of claim. But, even assuming a county
may decide on its own where a notice of claim must be sent, even now, after the
trial court's decision in this matter, Cumberland County's website gives no
direction to the public as to where it believes a notice of claim should be sent.
                                                                            A-0726-20
                                        5
that plaintiffs' service of the notice of claim on Cumberland's County Clerk was

sufficient.4 In addition, it is difficult to imagine how a county could be

prejudiced since, on receipt of a notice of claim, the county clerk would

undoubtedly understand that it should be forwarded to the official the particular

county charged with opening a file, contacting county counsel, and starting an

investigation.5

      The order under review is reversed and the matter remanded for further

proceedings. We do not retain jurisdiction.

4
  We neither consider nor opine on what would be valid service of a notice of
claim on a county that has adopted the "county executive plan" prescribed in
N.J.S.A. 40:41A-31 to -44.
5
  Although unnecessary to our decision, we observe that the record does not
permit an assumption that the notice plaintiffs sent to the County Clerk did not
inform the County of the claim. The County offered only the hearsay
certification of its attorney about whether county officers were aware of the
claim. This type of hearsay does not move the needle one way or the other on a
motion for summary judgment. See Higgins v. Thurber, 413 N.J. Super. 1, 21
n.19 (App. Div. 2010), aff’d, 205 N.J. 227 (2011).
                                                                           A-0726-20
                                       6