Court Opinion

ID: 4256801
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-03-21 16:27:19.012517+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:28:05.763836
License: Public Domain

J-S84002-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA           :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
            v.                         :
                                       :
                                       :
EDWIN G. CASTILLO MELO                 :
                                       :
                  Appellant            :   No. 831 MDA 2017

                Appeal from the PCRA Order April 17, 2017
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-40-CR-0001776-2015

BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., LAZARUS, J., and OTT, J.

MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.:                        FILED MARCH 21, 2018

     Appellant, Edwin G. Castillo Melo, appeals from the April 17, 2017

order denying his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act

(“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.

     The PCRA court provided the background in this matter as follows:

           On April 16, 2015, [Appellant] was charged with two
     counts of delivery of a controlled substance, one count of
     criminal use of communication facility, possession of controlled
     substance and possession of drug paraphernalia. These charges
     resulted from sales of heroin made by [Appellant] to a
     confidential informant on April 15, 2015 and April 16, 2015 in
     the City of Hazleton.

           [Appellant] pled guilty to two counts of delivery of a
     controlled substance[, 35 P.S. § 780–113(a)(30),] on December
     4, 2015. Sentencing took place on February 19, 2016.
     [Appellant] received concurrent sentences of twenty-four months
     in the county intermediate punishment program with first six
     months being served on house arrest.
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            [Appellant] filed no post-sentence motions or appeal. [On
      July 14], 2016, [Appellant] filed a [timely] Motion for Post-
      Conviction Collateral Relief.

PCRA Court Memorandum, 4/17/17, at unnumbered 1. In an order filed on

April 17, 2017, the PCRA court denied Appellant’s PCRA petition.

      On May 16, 2017, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. The PCRA

court did not order Appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained

of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).       On July 12, 2017, the PCRA

court filed a statement in lieu of opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) and

attached a copy of its April 17, 2017 memorandum as support for its order

denying Appellant’s PCRA petition.

      On appeal, Appellant argues that the PCRA court erred when it denied

his PCRA petition. Specifically, Appellant, who is not a United States citizen,

alleges plea counsel was ineffective in failing to advise him of the

consequences that entering guilty pleas would have on his immigration

status.   Appellant’s Brief at 4.   Appellant claims that his guilty pleas were

involuntary due to the incomplete information provided by counsel, and

Appellant would not have pleaded guilty had he known of the deportation

risks. Id. at 19-22.

      Our standard of review of an order denying PCRA relief is whether the

record supports the PCRA court’s determination and whether the PCRA

court’s determination is free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Phillips, 31

A.3d 317, 319 (Pa. Super. 2011).        The PCRA court’s findings will not be

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disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the certified record.

Id.    We defer to the PCRA court’s factual findings and credibility

determinations that are supported by the record.          Commonwealth v.

Henkel, 90 A.3d 16, 20 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc). Our scope of review

“is limited to the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence on the record

of the PCRA court’s hearing, viewed in the light most favorable to the

prevailing party.”   Commonwealth v. Sam, 952 A.2d 565, 573 (Pa. 2008)

(internal quotation omitted).

      When considering an allegation of ineffective assistance of counsel,

counsel is presumed to have provided effective representation unless the

PCRA petitioner pleads and proves that: (1) the underlying claim is of

arguable merit; (2) counsel had no reasonable basis for his conduct; and (3)

petitioner was prejudiced by counsel’s action or omission. Commonwealth

v. Spotz, 84 A.3d 294, 311 (Pa. 2014).        “In order to meet the prejudice

prong of the ineffectiveness standard, a defendant must show that there is a

‘reasonable probability that but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result

of the proceeding would have been different.’” Commonwealth v. Reed,

42 A.3d 314, 319 (Pa. Super. 2012).        A claim of ineffective assistance of

counsel will fail if the petitioner does not meet any one of the three prongs.

Commonwealth v. Simpson, 66 A.3d 253, 260 (Pa. 2013). The burden of

proving ineffectiveness rests with the petitioner. Commonwealth v. Rega,

933 A.2d 997, 1018 (Pa. 2007).        Moreover, claims of ineffectiveness in

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connection with a guilty plea do not warrant relief unless counsel’s

ineffectiveness caused an involuntary, unknowing, or unintelligent plea.

Commonwealth v. Escobar, 70 A.3d 838, 841 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation

omitted).

      Appellant avers pursuant to the holding in Padilla v. Kentucky, 559

U.S. 356 (2010), that plea counsel was ineffective for failing to advise him

regarding the consequences that pleading guilty to felony drug charges

would have on his immigration status.      Appellant’s Brief at 11.   Appellant

also cites to Commonwealth v. Barndt, 74 A.3d 185 (Pa. Super. 2013) as

support for his claim that counsel was ineffective in failing to provide

accurate information regarding the collateral consequences of his plea.

Appellant’s Brief at 14. We conclude that Appellant is not entitled to relief.

      In Padilla, the United States Supreme Court held that counsel’s failure

to advise a client in a criminal case about the possible immigration

consequences of a guilty plea constituted a denial of the right to counsel.

Padilla, 559 U.S. at 374. Additionally, “when the deportation consequence

is truly clear … the duty to give correct advice is equally clear.” Id. at 359;

see also Barndt, 74 A.3d at 193-194 (discussing, inter alia, Padilla and

counsel’s duty to provide accurate information).

      In the case at bar, Appellant was aware of his risk of deportation. As

the PCRA court noted:

           [Appellant] testified that he entered the United States in
      1998. He also testified that he is a legal resident of the United

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     States and not a citizen. After meeting with his attorney twice at
     his office as well as in court, [Appellant] pled guilty. A discussion
     regarding possible deportation took place in the hallway
     following the entry of his guilty plea. During that discussion,
     [Appellant] asked his counsel if he would be deported and
     counsel allegedly responded by saying “maybe yes, maybe no.”
     [Appellant] further testified that he would not have pled guilty
     had he known he would be deported. On cross examination,
     [Appellant] did admit that he discussed citizenship during his
     first meeting with counsel.

           The testimony of an attorney who was qualified as an
     expert in immigration law was also presented by [Appellant].
     This attorney testified that [Appellant] was subject to
     guaranteed deportation based upon his guilty plea to the two
     deliveries. He also testified that [Appellant] had applied to
     become a United States citizen on October 1, 2015 but was
     denied because he couldn’t speak English or pass a civics test.
     On cross examination, the attorney conceded that [Appellant]
     had a meeting with United States Immigration Services in May,
     2015 which was the month after he initially met with counsel.

           The Commonwealth presented the testimony of Attorney
     Joseph F. Sklarosky, Sr. He testified that he has been an
     attorney for forty-four years and ninety-eight percent of his
     practice focused on criminal defense. Attorney Sklarosky
     referred to a criminal intake sheet he prepared on April 24, 2015
     during his initial meeting with [Appellant]. On the sheet,
     Attorney Sklarosky indicated [Appellant’s] race to be Dominican.
     He also noted that [Appellant] had a green card. Attorney
     Sklarosky testified that it was his practice to advise [Appellant]
     to consult an immigration attorney since the charges he was
     facing may affect his immigration status. Although he had no
     independent recollection of telling [Appellant] about the possible
     immigration consequences, he did testify that it was his custom
     to always do so.

                                    ***

           [Appellant] testified that he initially raised the deportation
     issue with Attorney Sklarosky following the entry of his guilty
     plea. Clearly he had concerns regarding his immigration status.
     [Appellant’s] expert acknowledged that [Appellant] met with
     United States Immigration Services approximately one month

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       after his initial meeting with counsel. He also applied for
       citizenship on October 1, 2015. Both of these events occurred
       prior to the entry of his guilty plea on December 4, 2015. The
       actions taken by [Appellant] support a finding that he had
       knowledge of his possible deportation. Finally, this Court finds
       the testimony provided by Attorney Sklarosky at the PCRA
       Hearing to be credible. This Court has no hesitation in concluding
       that Attorney Sklarosky followed his practice by advising
       [Appellant] to consult an immigration attorney since the charges
       filed against him may affect his immigration status.

PCRA Court Memorandum, 4/17/17, at unnumbered 3-5.

       We conclude that Attorney Sklarosky’s testimony does not precisely

establish what he told Appellant. However, the PCRA court determined that

Attorney Sklarosky credibly testified it was his custom to inform non-citizens

that immigration issues and possible deportation could occur if there was a

conviction    or   guilty   plea.      PCRA    Court   Memorandum,   4/17/17,   at

unnumbered 5.        Indeed, counsel was required to inform Appellant of his

deportation risk, but counsel was not required to tell Appellant that

deportation was a forgone conclusion. Escobar, 70 A.3d at 841.

       Based on the record before us, and viewing the evidence in the light

most favorable to the Commonwealth,1 we conclude that the PCRA court had

support for its finding that Appellant entered his guilty plea knowingly,

voluntarily, and intelligently and that Appellant was apprised that his guilty

pleas carried a risk of deportation. N.T., 4/3/17, at 11-14. Accordingly, we
____________________________________________

1   Sam, 952 A.2d at 573.

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conclude that Appellant is entitled to no relief, and we affirm the order

denying Appellant’s PCRA petition.

     Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 03/21/2018

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