Court Opinion

ID: 3122024
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 14:17:39.574315+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:53:09.685134
License: Public Domain

Opinion issued August 30, 2012

                                   In The

                            Court of Appeals
                                  For The

                        First District of Texas
                         ————————————
                            NO. 01-10-00713-CV
                          ———————————
                    KENT ALLEN TRAMEL, Appellant
                                     V.
                      LORI ANN TRAMEL, Appellee

                  On Appeal from the 434th District Court
                         Fort Bend County, Texas
                   Trial Court Case No. 06-DCV-151515

                      MEMORANDUM OPINION

     Kent Allen Tramel appeals the trial court’s judgment in a divorce and suit

affecting the parent-child relationship (SAPCR).    In three issues and four

unnumbered sub-issues, appellant contends that (1) the trial court was without
plenary power with respect to this case when it issued the final divorce decree and

order of contempt,1 (2) there is no evidence to support the trial court’s award of

$35,000 in unpaid temporary alimony, and (3) there is no evidence to support the

trial court’s award of $54,000 in spousal maintenance. We affirm.

                                 BACKGROUND

      On August 17, 2006, Kent filed for divorce from Lori Ann Tramel, his wife

of almost twenty years. One week later, Lori filed her counter-petition seeking,

among other things, sole managing conservatorship of the couples’ four youngest

children.   By temporary orders entered September 22, 2006, the trial court

appointed both parents joint managing conservators and set forth each parent’s

rights and duties. Kent was ordered to pay child support on the 20th day of each

month beginning on September 20, 2006.

      Almost two and half years from the filing of the original petition, and more

than two dozen hearings later, a bench trial was held on April 7, 2009, at the

conclusion of which the trial judge stated on the record: “Now, I’m granting the

divorce between Kent Allen Tramel and Lori Ann Tramel, effective immediately.

It is granted now.” The court also noted the need to interview the youngest child

prior to ruling on the custody and outstanding property issues. When asked if the
1
      Even were Kent to concede his point as to plenary power, he argues in a sub-issue,
      the trial court was barred from holding him in contempt because of res judicata,
      collateral estoppel, double jeopardy, and because the motion to enforce did not
      meet the standard of a charging instrument.
                                          2
temporary orders were still in effect, the judge replied: “the temporary orders

survive until the final is signed.”

      Three months later, on July 9, 2009, the trial court ruled on the outstanding

custody and child support issues (July Ruling). Among other things, the court

found that Kent had violated the temporary orders by failing to pay child support

for September, October, November, and December 2007. The trial court again

named both parents as joint managing conservators of the children and provided

special access orders with respect to the youngest child.

      On January 14, 2010, Lori filed a motion seeking enforcement of previous

child support orders. That same day, pursuant to the court’s directive to Kent’s

attorney to draft a decree based upon the court’s previous rendition, Kent filed a

proposed draft along with a motion to enter and sign the decree of divorce. After

several subsequent hearings during which counsel for both parties had

opportunities to weigh in on the terms of the final decree, the trial court, on May 3,

2010, issued what it entitled a “Final Decree of Divorce and Order of Contempt”

(May Decree). Kent contends that the May Decree is consistent with the July

Ruling as to spousal maintenance and the money judgment for unpaid temporary

alimony, but varies dramatically from the July Ruling with respect to the terms of

contempt and the amount of child support arrearages owed. The trial court’s July

Ruling found that Kent had failed to pay $2,100 a month in child support for

                                          3
September, October, November, and December 2007 in violation of the temporary

orders. The May Decree sets out his failure to pay $2,100 a month in child support

for only October, November, and December 2007 and that he owed a total of

$40,843.31 in child support arrearages, including interest for the period between

October 20, 2007 and August 20, 2009.

                                     Discussion

      Kent’s first issue contends that the trial court’s plenary power had lapsed

prior to the May Decree. In four sub-issues, Kent further argues that in addition to

one or more of the doctrines of res judicata, collateral estoppel and double

jeopardy operating to bar the trial court from its contempt finding, the motion to

enforce did not meet the standard of a charging instrument.2

1) Plenary Power

      Kent argues that, having orally granted the parties’ divorce at the conclusion

of the April 7, 2009 bench trial, the trial court rendered its judgment final when it

signed and filed the July 2009 Ruling with the District Clerk. He maintains that

2
      Kent claims on appeal that the conduct of Lori, and her then-current counsel,
      subjected him to “triple jeopardy” and constitutes “malicious prosecution.” Kent
      has waived these issues. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i); see also Howeth Inv., Inc. v.
      City of Hedwig Village, 259 S.W.3d 877, 902 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
      2008, pet. denied) (declining to reach, for want of citation to authority and legal
      analysis); Fredonia State Bank v. Gen. Am. Life Ins. Co., 881 S.W.2d 279, 284–85
      (Tex. 1994) (discussing “long-standing rule” that point may be waived due to
      briefing).

                                           4
since the July Ruling decided all outstanding issues, including child support

arrears, the entry of the May 2010 Decree was no more than the mere ministerial

act of entry of judgment. See Wittau v. Storie, 145 S.W.3d 732, 735 (Tex. App.—

Fort Worth 2004, no pet.) (discussing three stages of judgment: rendition, signing,

and entry; stating that entry of judgment is purely ministerial act). As such, Kent

reasons, not only did the trial court’s plenary power expire on August 8, 2009 —

30 days after the July 9, 2009 rendition of judgment — but those portions of the

May 2010 Decree that vary from the July 2009 Ruling are void. Lori’s argument

maintains that the May 2010 Decree, not the July 2009 Ruling, was the final

judgment and, as such, the timeline of the court’s plenary power was not an issue.

Neither party argues, and we do not determine, the precise nature of the July 2009

Ruling. What that order is not, however, is a final SAPCR order3 that comports

with the Family Code’s requirements for such orders. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§105.006(a) (West 2008) (requiring final SAPCR orders include, inter alia, social

security numbers, driver’s licenses, mailing addresses, and phone numbers for

parties to suit). The July 2009 Ruling contains none of these requirements, but all

are present in the May 2010 Decree. The latter document also contains a Mother

Hubbard clause and approval as to both form and substance executed by counsel to

both parties.

3
      See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 101.032(a) (West 2008) (defining SAPCR as suit in
      which party requests appointment as managing conservator).
                                        5
       We conclude, therefore, that the July 2009 Ruling was not a final SAPCR

order, the trial court’s plenary power had not run, and the May 2010 Decree was

the final judgment in this case.

   a) Res Judicata and Collateral Estoppel

      Kent argues that the facts and claims raised by Lori’s January 2010 Motion

to Enforce were either actually litigated in the April 2009 trial and resolved by the

July Ruling or could have been, and thus barred by either res judicata, see Igal v.

Brightstar Info. Tech. Grp., 250 S.W.3d 78, 86 (Tex. 2008), or collateral estoppels,

see Van Dyke v. Boswell, O’Toole, Davis & Pickering, 697 S.W.2d 381, 384 (Tex.

1985). Both of these doctrines, however, require a final judgment. See Mower v.

Boyer, 811 S.W.2d 560, 562 (Tex. 1991); Frost Nat'l Bank v. Burge, 29 S.W.3d
580, 595 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, no pet.) Having determined that

it was interlocutory, both the res judicata and the collateral estoppel arguments are

inapplicable to the July Ruling. See Williams v. Houston Firemen’s Relief & Ret.

Fund, 121 S.W.3d 415, 437 n.21 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.).

      We overrule Kent’s res judicata and collateral estoppel arguments.

   b) Double Jeopardy

      Kent further asserts that the contempt order contained in the May Decree is

barred by double jeopardy.         Although contempt of court proceedings may be

criminal or civil, see Ex parte Johns, 807 S.W.2d 768, 770–71 (Tex. App.—Dallas

                                           6
1991, orig. proceeding), In re Johnson, 150 S.W.3d 267, 271 (Tex. App.—

Beaumont 2004, orig. proceeding), double jeopardy generally applies only to

criminal contempt. TEX. CONST., art. I, §14; see also Ex parte Hudson, 917
                                                                                     __
S.W.2d 24, 26 (Tex. 1996); Ex parte Jones, 36 S.W.3d 139, 142 (Tex. App.

Houston [1st Dist.] 2000, pet. ref’d). The distinction between criminal and civil

contempt derives from the nature and purpose of the penalty imposed. See Ex

parte Johns, 807 S.W.2d at 770–71. As a means to persuade the contemnor to

obey a previous court order, civil contempt is conditional, albeit coercive, in that it

can impose a fine, confinement, or both, unless and until the contemnor performs

the affirmative act required by the court’s order. See In re Johnson, 150 S.W.3d at

271; Ex parte Johns, 807 S.W.3d at 770. A determinate sentence containing a

“purge clause” can also be imposed by the court in a civil contempt order. See In

re Johnson, 150 S.W.3d at 271; Ex parte Johns, 807 S.W.3d at 770. Double

jeopardy principles, however, are inapposite to a civil contempt order assessing

confinement conditioned on the contemnor obtaining his release by purging the

contempt. See Ex parte Hudson, 917 S.W.2d at 26; Ex parte Jones, 36 S.W.3d at

142.

       Here, the May 2010 Decree and contempt order recites that Kent’s

confinement (Fort Bend County jail) is suspended provided that he complies with

certain requirements, including payment of all future child support when due, and

                                          7
making arrangements to pay the arrearages. Such a coercive civil order is not

subject to double jeopardy analysis. See Ex parte Hudson, 917 S.W.2d at 26; Ex

parte Jones, 36 S.W.3d at 142; see also Deltuva v. State, No. 05-05-01325-CR,

2007 WL 1054134, at *6 (Tex. App.—Dallas, Apr. 10, 2007, no pet.) (concluding

that portion of trial court’s order finding defendant in contempt and ordering him

confined until he paid child support arrearages was coercive civil contempt order

and not subject to double jeopardy analysis).

      We overrule Kent’s third sub-issue to issue one.

   c) Charging Instrument

      Kent contends that the trial court was barred from holding him in contempt

because the motion to enforce did not meet the notice standards of a charging

instrument and the court’s order based upon that motion violated his right to due

process. Specifically, Kent contends that Lori’s January 2010 motion to enforce

omitted the portion of the underlying order sought to be enforced, and failed to

specify the dates of noncompliance, as required by Texas Family Code sections

157.002 (a) and (b). See generally In re Smith, 981 S.W.2d 909, 911 (Tex. App.—

Houston [lst Dist.] 1998, no pet.). Because child support contempt proceedings are

quasi-criminal in nature, Kent was entitled to procedural due process. See id. at

911; Ex parte Conoly, 732 S.W.2d 695, 698 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1987, orig.

proceeding) (stating that purpose of enforcement order is to provide respondent

                                         8
with proper notice of allegations of contempt for which he must prepare defense at

hearing on contempt motion).

        Lori’s January 2010 motion, however, was not her only motion to enforce on

file with the trial court at the time the final decree was issued in May 2010. She

had filed a motion to enforce on December 17, 2007—which Kent does not

challenge—that did meet the standards of a charging instrument. See TEX. FAM.

CODE Ann.§ 157.002 (a), (b) (West 2008).

        Lori’s December 2007 motion alleged that Kent failed to pay $2,100/month

in child support for September and October 2007, and that based upon Kent’s

repeated past violations, she believed that Kent would continue to disregard the

court’s order and asked that he “be held in contempt, jailed, and fined for each

failure to comply with the Court’s order from the date of this filing to the date of

the hearing on this motion.” See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 157.002(e) (West 2008).

According to her motion, Kent’s next payment of $2,100 was due on December 20,

2007.    Kent’s own trial testimony concedes his failure to make the October,

November, and December 2007 child support payments. In light of this December

2007 motion—which Kent does not challenge on appeal—we cannot say that Kent

was without notice of the contempt allegations against him.

        We overrule Kent’s fourth sub-issue to issue one.

                                          9
2) Unpaid Temporary Alimony and Spousal Maintenance

      In his second and third issues, Kent argues that the trial court’s award of

$35,000 in unpaid temporary alimony and $54,000 in future spousal maintenance

is without supporting evidence.      Lori points out that the appellate record is

incomplete because there are no transcripts of the evidentiary hearings prior to the

April 7th trial date. Kent does not dispute that he did not request the court reporter

to prepare transcripts of those prior hearings. Rather, citing to the docket sheets in

the clerk’s record, Kent argues that the evidentiary hearings to which Lori referred

dealt with matters irrelevant to the spousal maintenance issues he is appealing.

      The appellant bears the burden of bringing forward a sufficient record to

show the trial court’s error. See Nicholson v. Fifth Third Bank, 226 S.W.3d 581,

583 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) A sufficient record, however,

does not necessarily mean a complete record. Indeed, Texas Rule of Appellate

Procedure 34.6(c) specifically allows an appellant to request a partial reporter’s

record. Such request must also include “a statement of the points or issues to be

presented on appeal and [the appellant] will then be limited to those points or

issues.” TEX. R. APP. P. 34.6(c)(1). If only a partial reporter’s record is requested,

and the required list of points or issues are not included, we presume that the

omitted portions of the reporter’s record support the trial court’s findings. See

Christiansen v. Prezelski, 782 S.W.2d 842, 843 (Tex. 1990) (“An appellant must

                                         10
either comply with [the predecessor to Rule 34.6] or file a complete statement of

facts; otherwise, it will be presumed that the omitted portions are relevant to the

disposition of the appeal.”); see also Long v. Long, 144 S.W.3d 64, 69 (Tex.

App.—El Paso 2004, no pet.) (applying presumption to family law case involving

unrecorded in camera interviews with minors).

      Kent here concedes that the appellate record is without transcripts of all of

the evidentiary proceedings before the trial court. Nor does the record contain

documentation of any attempt by Kent to comply with the provisions of rule 34.6

regarding a partial reporter’s record. Accordingly, we must presume the missing

portions of the reporter’s record support the trial court’s findings of fact, and we

take those findings as true. See Christiansen, 782 S.W.2d at 843.

      We overrule Kent’s second and third issues.

                                    Conclusion

      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                                    Jim Sharp
                                                    Justice

Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Sharp, and Brown.

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