Court Opinion

ID: 4678878
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-04-20 17:00:25.791195+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:03:47.273089
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
             FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                      No. 20-1182

      TIO WESLEY LEGORE, a/k/a TIO LEGORE,

                                                Petitioner
                           v.

ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

         On Petition for Review of a Final Order
          Of the Board of Immigration Appeals
               (BIA No.: A207-528-982)
           Immigration Judge: Leo A. Finston

       Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                  on April 19, 2021

Before: AMBRO, RESTREPO, and RENDELL, Circuit Judges

             (Opinion Filed: April 20, 2021)
                                        OPINION *

AMBRO, Circuit Judge

       When the attorney for petitioner Tio Wesley Legore stopped showing up to his

removal proceedings, the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) ordered Legore removed. He is seeking

a remand to the IJ, claiming his right to counsel and due process was violated. Legore also

claims that he was not required to show prejudice because the IJ violated a regulation

promulgated to protect his fundamental rights. None of his claims are persuasive. We thus

deny the petition for review.

                                             I.

       Legore is a citizen of Jamaica and entered the United States in 2009 on a tourist

visa. He overstayed his visa and was placed in removal proceedings in 2018.

       Through counsel, Legore denied the removability charge in his Notice to Appear.

He stated that he planned to marry his United States citizen fiancée, which would make

him potentially eligible for certain forms of relief from removal, but he could not do so

because the fiancée was still a minor. The IJ granted multiple continuances based in part

on counsel’s promise that Legore would soon marry his fiancée after she turned 18. But

there is no record evidence that Legore and his fiancée ever married.

*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.

                                             2
       At a later hearing, the IJ asked Legore’s counsel if he would be filing an asylum

application and stated that it would have to be filed at the next hearing. Counsel said he

would have to investigate to determine if asylum would be appropriate. However, counsel

did not show up at the next hearing or the hearing after that. The IJ concluded Legore was

unrepresented, deemed all his applications for relief abandoned, and ordered his removal.

       Through new counsel, Legore appealed to the Board of Immigration Appeals

(“BIA”), arguing the IJ violated his right to counsel and due process rights by failing to

continue his case when his attorney failed to appear. The BIA dismissed the appeal. It

concluded that, although Legore’s counsel let him down, he was not denied the right to

counsel or the opportunity to obtain counsel of his choice. It also noted that Legore had not

brought an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim. It further determined Legore was not

prejudiced by any error on the part of the IJ even if the IJ should have continued the

proceedings to allow Legore to prepare his own applications. Legore filed a petition for

review in February 2020 and was deported to Jamaica in May 2020. 1

                                             II.

       Legore raises three arguments. None has merit. 2

    1. Right to Counsel

1
  We grant the Government’s motion for leave to file a supplemental appendix. It shows
that the BIA denied Legore’s motion to reopen in order to apply for asylum. But as Legore
has not argued on appeal that the BIA erred in denying his motion to reopen, we do not
address this issue.
2
  The BIA had jurisdiction under 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(b)(3). We have jurisdiction under 8
U.S.C. § 1252(a)(5).
                                             3
       First, Legore argues the IJ violated his right to counsel. “It is well-established that

an alien at an immigration hearing has some form of right to counsel.” Ponce-Leiva v.

Ashcroft, 331 F.3d 369, 374 (3d Cir. 2003). But Legore was not denied this right. He had

representation at four different hearings. At his final two hearings, Legore’s attorney failed

to appear—but Legore does not argue that counsel lacked notice of the hearings or

otherwise had a valid reason for this failure. See A.R. at 45 (noting the date of the next

hearing with Legore’s counsel present). Thus, he was not denied the right to counsel.

Rather, his attorney simply failed to come through for him. And we have already held that

a noncitizen’s right to counsel is not violated when counsel knew of his obligations but

failed to appear for proceedings. See Ponce-Leiva, 331 F.3d at 376. If counsel had a good

reason for failing to appear, he had a duty to explain himself. See id. (concluding that even

when there is no evidence of bad faith on counsel’s part, “the onus [is] on counsel to

provide an adequate reason for his failure to appear”).

   2. Right to Due Process

       Legore also argues that by proceeding with the final hearing outside the presence of

counsel, the IJ deprived him of his constitutional right to a fundamentally fair hearing. We

review this issue de novo. Leslie v. Att’y Gen., 611 F.3d 171, 175 (3d Cir. 2010). “A

petitioner claiming a procedural due process violation because he was not afforded the

opportunity to argue on his own behalf is required to show ‘(1) that he was prevented from

reasonably presenting his case[,] and (2) that substantial prejudice resulted.’” Serrano-

Alberto v. Att’y Gen., 859 F.3d 208, 213 (3d Cir. 2017) (alteration in original) (quoting

Fadiga v. Att’y Gen., 488 F.3d 142, 155 (3d Cir. 2007)). A petitioner proves substantial

                                              4
prejudice by “showing that the infraction has the potential for affecting the outcome of”

the removal proceeding. Serrano-Alberto, 859 F.3d at 213 (internal quotation marks and

emphasis omitted).

       Legore has not demonstrated that he suffered any prejudice from the IJ’s failure to

give him a chance to find new counsel or continue the hearing to give him a chance to file

a pro se application for relief. Specifically, Legore has not met his burden of proving the

IJ’s conduct affected the outcome of his proceedings because he has not shown even that

he would potentially be eligible for any kind of relief. The only reference to a potential

asylum claim in the record from Legore’s initial removal proceedings was a statement in

Legore’s notice of appeal that political gangs killed his grandmother. See Cham v. Att’y

Gen., 445 F.3d 683, 693 (3d Cir. 2006) (“An applicant cannot rely solely on the persecution

of [his] family members to qualify for asylum.” (internal quotation marks omitted)). But

Legore has not argued this claim on appeal. 3 Plus he has provided no evidence that he

married his fiancée. Thus the denial of a continuance had no potential to affect the outcome

of the removal proceeding. In this context, we discern no denial of due process.

    3. 8 C.F.R. § 1240.11(c)(1)

       Finally, Legore argues the IJ violated 8 C.F.R. § 1240.11(c)(1) by not advising

3
 In his motion to reopen, which he has not appealed, Legore requested that the BIA exercise
its sua sponte authority to permit him to file an asylum application on the ground that he
would be persecuted in Jamaica for being bisexual. But Legore admitted that he purposely
did not raise this issue before the IJ in his initial removal proceedings and had only
“recent[ly]” disclosed his sexual orientation to his attorney. See Supp. App. at 1. Thus the
IJ’s failure to grant a continuance in Legore’s initial proceedings did not affect his ability
to seek asylum on that basis. And Legore does not argue on appeal that he is eligible for
asylum because of his sexual orientation.
                                              5
him that he could file an asylum application without his attorney. 4 By violating this

regulation, Legore argues he was not required to show prejudice. See Leslie, 611 F.3d at

180. We review this issue de novo. Id. at 175. In part, the regulation states that “if the

alien expresses fear of persecution or harm upon return to any of the countries to which the

alien might be removed[,] . . . the [IJ] shall . . . [a]dvise the alien that he or she may apply

for asylum . . . .” 8 C.F.R. § 1240.11(c).

       This regulation is not implicated here. The record does not show Legore ever

expressed to the IJ in his initial removal proceedings a fear of returning to his home

country. See Pacheco-Mazetas v. Att’y Gen., 532 F. App’x 203, 204 (3d Cir. 2013)

(concluding that because the petitioner never expressed a fear of returning to his home

country, the IJ was not required to inform him of his right to apply for asylum). Moreover,

the IJ provided some protection under the regulation. He specifically asked counsel if

Legore would be filing an asylum application, and counsel indicated he might. Because

Legore was present at that hearing via videoconference, he should have been aware asylum

relief was available. And even after he failed to submit his asylum application by the IJ’s

clear deadline, the IJ gave him another continuance before deeming his application

abandoned. Legore therefore had ample opportunities to seek asylum relief if he so chose.

                             *      *        *       *     *

       For these reasons, we deny the petition for review.

4
 The Government argues that we lack jurisdiction over this claim because Legore did not
exhaust it before the BIA. Because he does not prevail on this issue, we assume without
deciding that he exhausted this claim.
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