Court Opinion

ID: 4430400
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-20 19:40:51.842547+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:51:11.247469
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                           APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
    This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
 internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                     SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                     APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                     DOCKET NO. A-4787-16T2

U.S. BANK NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION, 4787-16T2 AS
INDENTURE TRUSTEE ON
BEHALF OF AND WITH
RESPECT TO AJAX MORTGAGE
LOAN TRUST 2016-C,
MORTGAGE-BACKED NOTES,
SERIES 2016-C,

       Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

WILLIAM J. COLEMAN and
MARILYN L. COLEMAN f/k/a
MARILYN L. ROHREY,

       Defendants-Appellants,

and

WELLS FARGO BANK,

   Defendant.
—————————————————

                Submitted April 11, 2018 – Decided October 1, 2018

                Before Judges Fuentes and Suter.
            On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
            Chancery Division, Morris County, Docket No. F-
            018337-15.

            Ast & Schmidt, PC, attorneys for appellants (David A.
            Ast and Robert L. Schmidt, on the brief).

            Pluese, Becker, & Saltzman, LLC, attorneys for
            respondent (Stuart H. West, on the brief).

      The opinion of the court was delivered by

SUTER, J.A.D.

      Defendants William J. and Marilyn L. Coleman appeal the June 1, 2017

final judgment of foreclosure. They primarily challenge two discovery orders

entered on August 5, 2016 and an order granting summary judgment on August

15, 2016 that reformed their mortgage to include a parcel of property that

included their residence. Defendants also appeal the October 31, 2016 order

that denied reconsideration. We affirm the trial court's orders and entry of the

final foreclosure judgment.

      We relate the facts from the summary judgment motions viewed in a light

most favorable to defendants. Defendants owned or had an interest in three

tracks of land in Rockaway, New Jersey. Track one, comprised of lots twenty-

five and twenty-six in tax block 40401, is a largely unimproved 14,001 square

foot parcel that contains a driveway and an underground septic tank (the

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driveway lot). Track two consists of lots six and twenty in the same tax block

(track two). Defendants sold this parcel in 1998. Track three, comprised of lot

thirty-six in the same tax block, is a 6700 square foot parcel with a house on it

where defendants live, which fronts on a pond (the house lot). Defendants lease

this parcel from Green Pond Corporation.

      On July 19, 2005, defendant William Coleman signed a $932,000 forty-

year adjustable rate note in favor of Washington Mutual Bank, F.A. (WaMu)

(the 2005 note). On the same date, defendants secured the note by executing a

mortgage to WaMu that listed two properties: the driveway lot and track two.

The note and mortgage also listed the street address for the house lot.

      This mortgage was the ninth in a series of mortgages since defendants

obtained the parcels in 1994. The HUD-1 settlement statement from the 2005

loan origination file shows proceeds from the 2005 note and mortgage were used

to pay-off two earlier mortgages. One mortgage from August 16, 2002, was to

Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Credit Corporation (Dean Witter) for $749,999

(the seventh mortgage) and the other from November 26, 2003, was to Discover

Bank for 150,000 (eighth mortgage). Both of these mortgages identified the

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house lot as the encumbered property. 1 They did not list the driveway lot or

track two as encumbered properties.

        By 2009, defendants' note and mortgage were held by JP Morgan Chase

Bank, N.A. (Chase), which had acquired WaMu's assets.             In early 2009,

defendants and Chase entered into a loan modification that changed the 2005

loan's principal balance to $1,066,773.57 and also changed its interest rate. This

loan modification expressly identified both the house lot 2 and track two as

encumbered, even though defendants sold track two in 1998.            Defendants

defaulted on the mortgage loan in November 2009.

         In May 2015, plaintiff, U.S. Bank National Association, as Indenture

Trustee on behalf of and with respect to Ajax Mortgage Loan Trust 2016-C,

Mortgage-Backed Notes, Series 2016-C, filed a foreclosure complaint against

defendants seeking to foreclose defendants' interests in the house lot and the

driveway lot. Count five of the foreclosure complaint requested reformation of

the 2005 mortgage to correct an error. Plaintiff wanted to reform the mortgage

to add the house lot because only the driveway lot and track two were mentioned

1
  The August 16, 2002 mortgage used a metes and bounds description of the
house lot.
2
    The reference is to "Lot thirty-six[], Block 40401."
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                                         4
by the mortgage in the legal description of the mortgaged property. Defendants

filed a contesting answer and the parties conducted discovery. They agreed to

dismiss the third and fourth counts of the complaint.

      Plaintiff filed a motion for summary judgment. Victoria Shkutnik, an

authorized representative of plaintiff, certified based on her review of the

records relating to the defendants' loan, and her "personal knowledge of how

[the records] are kept and maintained," that plaintiff had possession of the 2005

note and that the mortgage was assigned to it. She certified that defendants

defaulted on the mortgage in November 2009, and timely sent a notice of

intention to foreclose. Further, plaintiff was "obliged to make all tax and

property insurance payments" since the default.

      Defendants opposed the summary judgment motion, claiming that only

the driveway lot was encumbered because the house lot was subject to a land-

lease. Defendants asserted the house lot was "never offered as collateral to the

lender in connection with this mortgage refinance."

      The court granted plaintiff's motion for summary judgment on counts one

and two of the foreclosure complaint, striking defendants' answer on those

counts. The court found "the elements of foreclosure for the plaintiff to succeed

are all there. The documents are genuine, there's been a default and the plaintiff

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has standing . . . ." However, the court denied the summary judgment motion

on count five of the complaint without prejudice, saying "[t]he only remaining

issue is did the parties intend for the mortgage to cover [the house lot]." The

court noted that "logic suggests they must have" but declined to resolve the issue

that day "particularly in the face of Mr. Coleman's certification that says he

never intended that lot to be included."

      The parties conducted additional discovery, including a deposition of

plaintiff's representative Adam Simms and of defendant William Coleman.

Plaintiff produced "all remaining documents contained in the origination file

that were within [p]laintiff's possession." When defendants served a subpoena

for an additional deposition, plaintiff filed a motion to quash it because

plaintiff's witness had been deposed a month earlier.

      Plaintiff also filed a new motion for summary judgment, seeking judgment

on count five, to reform the 2005 mortgage to include the house lot. Defendants

opposed both motions, cross-moved to compel additional discovery and for an

order to prevent plaintiff from introducing documents at trial that it had

produced in discovery after the depositions. Defendants again claimed they had

not offered the house lot as collateral for the WaMu loan, because defendants

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were seeking financing to invest in their business, and not to refinance the

existing primary mortgage.

      On August 5, 2016, the court granted plaintiff's motion to quash the

deposition of plaintiff. It stated:

             the present dispute is limited to whether [the house lot]
             had or should have been encumbered by the mortgage
             when the loan was originated. The lack of post-
             origination documentation is no reason to compel
             [p]laintiff to appear for another deposition. The only
             relevant documents are those which relate to the
             original loan.

      On August 15, 2016, the trial court granted plaintiff's motion for summary

judgment, reformed the mortgage to include the house lot and struck defendants'

answer to count five of the complaint. The court did not find that there were

material facts in dispute because it was "clear" that "the intention of the parties,

certainly the bank, was to provide a loan for both the front lot and the back lot.

That's consistent with all the documents that have been submitted." The trial

court observed that "[no lender is] going to loan $900,000 to a driveway lot."

The court found the "loan was to cover the back lot and the front lot." 3

3
   The "back and front lot" were references to the house lot in the back and
driveway lot in the front.
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      Defendants sought reconsideration claiming the court erred because a

material dispute existed "as to the intent of the parties at the time of loan

origination." They claimed the house lot was not offered as collateral because

it was subject to a ground lease. They contended that Chase acquiesced to this

when it modified the mortgage in 2009.         Defendants were critical of the

"unauthenticated" documents upon which plaintiff relied. They also claimed

that documents were altered, the title policy was fraudulent and others were

forged. Defendants assert there was a conspiracy of sorts between the broker

and the title company to earn certain fees.

      The court denied defendants' motion for reconsideration, finding that

lease-hold mortgages were valid in general. It also had the authority to correct

draftsmen mistakes "in equity" because the house lot was intended to be

included in the mortgage. With respect to defendants' argument that they had

new evidence, the court said that this "consist[ed] of speculation of conspiracies

between the broker and title company, as well as allegations of forged

signatures."   The court "refuse[d] to entertain speculations unsupported by

evidence."

      With defendants' answer stricken by the summary judgment orders, the

case proceeded as uncontested.       See R. 4:64-1(c).     A final judgment of

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                                        8
foreclosure in favor of plaintiff was entered on June 1, 2017, in the amount of

$1,690,795.10. This included a schedule of payments made by plaintiff for real

estate taxes and insurance premiums on defendants' property in Rockaway.

      On appeal, defendants argue the trial court applied the wrong standard

when granting summary judgment because it did not draw inferences in favor of

the non-moving party and relied on unauthenticated documents, such as an

appraisal of the property, which should have been barred. Defendants claim the

trial judge erred by reforming the mortgage to include the house lot because

plaintiff failed to show that there was mutual mistake. Defendants assert there

was a genuine issue of material fact about whether they intended to grant a

mortgage on the house lot. They also argue that when they modified the loan,

Chase acquiesced in the terms of the original mortgage. We find no merit in any

of these issues.

      We review the trial judge's order that granted summary judgment and

reformed the mortgage under a de novo standard of review. Globe Motor Co. v.

Igdalev, 225 N.J. 469, 479 (2016). The question is whether the evidence, when

viewed in a light most favorable to the non-moving party, raises genuinely

disputed issues of fact sufficient to warrant resolution by the trier of fact, or

whether "the evidence is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of

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                                       9
law." Brill v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 142 N.J. 520, 540 (1995); see also

Templo Fuente De Vida Corp. v. Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh , 224

N.J. 189, 199 (2016).

      We first address the order that reformed the mortgage to include the house

lot. "For a court to grant reformation there must be 'clear and convincing proof'

that the contract in its reformed, and not original, form is the one that the

contracting parties understood and meant it to be." Central State Bank v. Hudik-

Ross Co., 164 N.J. Super. 317, 323 (App. Div. 1978). "The traditional grounds

justifying reformation of an instrument are either mutual mistake or unilateral

mistake by one party and fraud or unconscionable conduct by the other." Dugan

Constr. Co., Inc. v. N.J. Tpk. Auth., 398 N.J. Super. 229, 242-243 (App. Div.

2008). "Reformation predicated upon mutual mistake requires that both parties

are in agreement at the time they attempt to reduce their understanding to

writing, and that the writing fails to express that understanding correctly." St.

Pius X House of Retreats, Salvatorian Fathers v. Diocese of Camden, 88 N.J.

571, 579 (1982).

      Defendants contend they did not intend to mortgage the house lot. They

argue that plaintiff should not have been permitted to rely on unauthenticated

documents that were produced after the first summary judgment motion. They

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                                      10
claim there was some type of conspiracy between the broker they used and the

title company, all apparently to generate fees. We have carefully reviewed the

record here and defendants have not presented any evidence to support or

corroborate these contentions.

      We agree with the trial judge that the 2005 mortgage should be reformed

to include the house lot. The house lot had been mortgaged just a few years

earlier under mortgages seven and eight for a combined amount of $899,999,

which was very close in amount to the 2005 mortgage. There was no evidence

presented by defendants that the unimproved driveway lot was comparable

collateral to the house lot. Also, virtually every one of the mortgages from the

time the property vested with defendants' in 1994 to the time of the 2005

mortgage included the house lot either by express reference to lot thirty-six or

through a metes and bounds description for the house lot.

      The 2005 mortgage included track two as one of the mortgaged properties.

This showed unquestionably that both parties made a mistake on the 2005

mortgage because defendants sold this property in 1998. Defendants could not

have intended in good faith to have included it in the 2005 mortgage.

      Defendants do not contest that the 2005 mortgage paid off two prior

mortgages or that both of those mortgages encumbered the house lot. When the

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                                      11
2005 mortgage did not list the house lot, but only the driveway lot and a lot

defendants did not own, the effect was to unencumber the house lot with little

or no real consideration for the bank in exchange. Again, assuming good faith

on the part of defendants, we cannot presume that either the bank or defendants

intended this mutually mistaken result.

      Defendants contend the bank could not mortgage a leased property, but

this is not supported by the 2005 mortgage. It provided that "[i]f this Security

Instrument is on a leasehold, borrower shall comply with all the provisions of

the lease."

      We do not agree with defendants that the court improperly relied on

unauthenticated documents provided in the second summary judgment motion.

The bank representative certified, based on her personal knowledge about the

records, including the loan origination file, that they were maintained by

plaintiff in the course of its regularly conducted business. The certification

complied with N.J.R.E. 803(c) (6). See New Century Fin. Servs., Inc. v.

Oughla, 437 N.J. Super. 299, 326 (App. Div. 2014) (citing State v. Martorelli,

136 N.J. Super. 449, 453 (App. Div. 1975). ("There is no requirement that the

foundation witness [certifying that a record is a business record] possess any

personal knowledge of the act or event recorded.")).

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      Defendants were served with the loan origination file as part of the

original discovery. That included the loan application where defendants noted

the two prior mortgages on the house lot and the HUD-1, showing that those

prior mortgages were paid off.

      There was no abuse of discretion by the court in denying plaintiff's request

to compel discovery and in quashing the subpoena. See State in Interest of A.B.,

219 N.J. 542, 554 (2014) (providing that "appellate review of a trial court's

discovery order is governed by the abuse of discretion standard."). The parties

had already deposed a representative of the plaintiff and the issues were the

same. Much of the reliance was on recorded documents to which defendants

were signatories and had knowledge.

      Defendants also appeal the final judgment of foreclosure. They raise no

legal issues regarding the foreclosure judgment aside from the reformation of

the mortgage that we already have addressed. Thus, we also affirm entry of the

final judgment of foreclosure.

      Affirmed.

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