Court Opinion

ID: 3205635
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-05-20 22:07:51.868198+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:28:54.857899
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT KNOXVILLE
                          Assigned on Briefs April 27, 2016

                CONNIE ARNOLD v. DOUG COOK, WARDEN

                  Appeal from the Circuit Court for Bledsoe County
                     No. 2015-CR-49      J. Curtis Smith, Judge

                 No. E2015-02214-CCA-R3-HC – Filed May 20, 2016
                        _____________________________

The Petitioner, Connie Arnold, appeals the summary dismissal of his petition for writ of
habeas corpus, in which he challenged the legality of his judgments of conviction for rape
of a child and aggravated sexual exploitation of a minor. The Petitioner asserts that his
indictment and judgments of conviction are illegal and void on their face because the
offense date listed in the documents is incorrect. Further, the Petitioner asserts that his
judgment for rape of a child contains an illegal sentence, entitling him to habeas corpus
relief. Following our review, we affirm the judgment of the habeas court.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

ROBERT L. HOLLOWAY, JR., J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which JAMES
CURWOOD WITT, JR., and D. KELLY THOMAS, JR., JJ., joined.

Connie Arnold, Pikeville, Tennessee, pro se.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Nicholas W. Spangler, Assistant
Attorney General; and J. Michael Taylor, District Attorney General, for the appellee,
State of Tennessee.
                                               OPINION

       In 1995, a Carter County jury convicted the Petitioner of rape of a child1 and
especially aggravated sexual exploitation of a minor, for which the Petitioner received an
effective sentence of thirty-seven years. This court affirmed the Petitioner‟s judgments
of conviction on direct appeal. See State v. Connie L. Arnold, No. 03C01-9902-CR-
00081, 2000 WL 14691, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. Jan. 11, 2000), perm. app. denied
(Tenn. Sept. 25, 2000).

       The Petitioner filed for post-conviction relief, but his petition was summarily
dismissed after the post-conviction court deemed it deficiently pleaded. See Connie Lee
Arnold v. State, No. E2001-02526-CCA-R3-PC, 2002 WL 31512404, at *1 (Tenn. Crim.
App. Nov. 13, 2002). This court affirmed the decision of the post-conviction court. Id. at
*4. However, the Tennessee Supreme Court reversed and remanded to this court for
reconsideration of the trial court‟s summary dismissal of his post-conviction petition
under Burnett v. State, 92 S.W.3d 403 (Tenn. 2002). See Connie Lee Arnold v. State,
No. E2003-00691-CCA-RM-PC, 2003 WL 1877236, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. Apr. 15,
2003). On remand, this court again affirmed the decision of the post-conviction court.
Id. at *6. Thereafter, our supreme court reversed and remanded the case to the post-
conviction court for the appointment of counsel. Arnold v. State, 143 S.W.3d 784, 787
(Tenn. 2004). Upon remand, the post-conviction court appointed counsel and conducted
an evidentiary hearing. See Connie Lee Arnold v. State, No. E2006-00440-CCA-R3-PC,
2007 WL 2216554, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App. Aug. 3, 2007), perm. app. denied (Tenn.
Dec. 26, 2007). Following the hearing, the post-conviction court denied relief. Id. at *4.
This court affirmed the ruling of the post-conviction court, and the supreme court denied
further review. Id. at *7.

       On September 15, 2015, the Petitioner filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in
the Circuit Court of Bledsoe County, where the Petitioner was incarcerated. The
Petitioner alleged that (1) he was actually innocent; (2) he was in jail at the time the
crimes were allegedly committed; and (3) his indictment and judgments of conviction
were illegal. On October 26, 2015, the habeas court summarily dismissed the petition,
finding that the petition failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. This
timely appeal follows.

        1
         For the offense of rape of a child, the trial court sentenced the Petitioner, as a Range I offender,
to twenty-five years with a thirty percent release eligibility. In May 2000, the trial court entered a
corrected judgment for rape of a child to reflect that the Petitioner was sentenced as a “Range I, child
rapist.”
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                                         Analysis

       On appeal, the Petitioner contends that the habeas court erred when it summarily
dismissed his petition without appointing counsel and requiring the State to respond. He
asserts that his indictment and judgments of conviction are illegal and void on their face
because the offense date listed in the documents—the month of October, 1994—is
incorrect. The Petitioner asserts that he was in jail on unrelated charges from September
26, 1994, to October 12, 1994, and thus, he could not have committed the offenses.
Additionally, the Petitioner contends that his corrected judgment for rape of a child
contains an illegal sentence because the statute requiring a child rapist to serve a sentence
at a 100 percent service rate did not become law until 1996—two years after the
Petitioner was alleged to have committed the offense of rape of a child. The State
responds that the petition did not comply with the strict procedural requirements of
Tennessee Code Annotated section 29-21-107(b) and that the petition failed to state a
cognizable claim.

      Tennessee Code Annotated section 29-21-107 sets forth the mandatory statutory
procedural requirements for petitions for habeas corpus relief, stating:

       (a) Application for the writ shall be made by petition, signed either by the
       party for whose benefit it is intended, or some person on the petitioner‟s
       behalf, and verified by affidavit.

       (b) The petition shall state:

              (1) That the person in whose behalf the writ is sought, is
              illegally restrained of liberty, and the person by whom and
              place where restrained, mentioning the name of such person,
              if known, and, if unknown, describing the person with as
              much particularity as practicable;

              (2) The cause or pretense of such restraint according to the
              best information of the applicant, and if it be by virtue of any
              legal process, a copy thereof shall be annexed, or a
              satisfactory reason given for its absence;

              (3) That the legality of the restraint has not already been
              adjudged upon a prior proceeding of the same character, to
              the best of the applicant‟s knowledge and belief; and

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             (4) That it is the first application for the writ, or, if a previous
             application has been made, a copy of the petition and
             proceedings thereon shall be produced, or satisfactory reasons
             be given for the failure so to do.

“These procedural requirements „are mandatory and must be followed scrupulously.‟”
Summers v. State, 212 S.W.3d 251, 259 (Tenn. 2007) (quoting Archer v. State, 851
S.W.2d 157, 165 (Tenn. 1993)). The habeas court may summarily dismiss a petition for
failure to comply with the statutory procedural requirements. Id. at 260.

        Further, habeas corpus relief may only be granted in limited circumstances.
Edwards v. State, 269 S.W.3d 915, 920 (Tenn. 2008). Unlike petitions for post-
conviction relief, “the purpose of the habeas corpus petition is to contest void and not
merely voidable judgments.” Potts v. State, 833 S.W.2d 60, 62 (Tenn. 1992) (citing State
ex rel. Newsome v. Henderson, 424 S.W.2d 186, 189 (Tenn. 1968)). Rather, “[h]abeas
corpus relief is available in Tennessee only when „it appears upon the face of the
judgment or the record of the proceedings upon which the judgment is rendered‟ that a
convicting court was without jurisdiction or authority to sentence a defendant, or that a
defendant‟s sentence of imprisonment or other restraint has expired.” Archer, 851
S.W.2d at 164 (quoting State v. Galloway, 45 Tenn. (5 Cold.) 362, 336-37 (1868)).
“Whether habeas corpus relief should be granted is a question of law[,]” which we review
de novo. Edwards, 269 S.W.3d at 919.

        In this case, the State correctly notes that the petition did not comply with the
mandatory statutory procedural requirements by failing to state whether the legality of the
restraint had been previously adjudicated and by failing to state whether or not previous
applications had been made. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 29-21-107(b)(3), (4). In addition,
the petition was not verified by affidavit, as required by Tennessee Code Annotated
section 29-21-107(a). Although grounds existed, the habeas court did not dismiss the
petition due to these procedural deficiencies. See Hickman v. State, 153 S.W.3d 16, 21
(Tenn. 2004) (“A habeas corpus court may properly choose to dismiss a petition for
failing to comply with the statutory procedural requirements; however, dismissal is not
required.”). Accordingly, we will address the merits of the Petitioner‟s claims.

                                  Incorrect Offense Date

       We first note that, even if we accredited the Petitioner‟s claim that he was in jail
from September 26, 1994, to October 12, 1994, this would still leave nineteen days in the
month of October 1994 in which the Petitioner could have committed the offenses of rape
of a child and especially aggravated sexual exploitation of a minor. Additionally, any
question concerning the accuracy of the offense date may be answered only by consulting
                                            -4-
sources beyond the face of the judgments and the record of the underlying proceedings.2
In this case, the judgments are facially valid, and hence, habeas corpus relief is not
available. See Archer, 851 S.W.2d at 164.

       Moreover, an error in the offense date listed in the indictment in this case would
not render the indictment invalid. As our supreme court has stated:

                The rule of law is well-established in Tennessee that the exact date,
        or even the year, of an offense need not be stated in an indictment or
        presentment unless the date or time is a material ingredient in the offense.
        In fact, in order to establish the legal sufficiency of that charging
        instrument, the [S]tate need allege only that the offense was committed
        prior to the finding of the indictment or presentment.

State v. Byrd, 820 S.W.2d 739, 740 (Tenn. 1991) (internal quotations and citations
omitted). The indictment alleged that the offenses were committed “on or about the
month of October, 1994,” a date prior to the return of the indictment. Thus, the trial court
had jurisdiction over the case. Any discrepancy in the date would render the conviction
at most voidable, rather than void, and therefore does not present a cognizable claim for
habeas corpus relief. Finally, to the extent that the Petitioner‟s claim may be understood
as a claim that he is actually innocent of the offense, we note that “evidence of actual
innocence is not a ground for habeas corpus relief in Tennessee.” Steve Wallace v. State,
No. M2010-00769-CCA-R3-HC, 2010 WL 5141668, at *3 (Tenn. Crim. App. Dec. 15,
2010).

                                Illegal Sentence for Rape of a Child

        “An illegal sentence is one which is „in direct contravention of the express
provisions of [an applicable statute], and consequently [is] a nullity.‟” Cantrell v.
Easterling, 346 S.W.3d 445, 452 (Tenn. 2011) (quoting State v. Burkhart, 566 S.W.2d
871, 873 (Tenn. 1978)). Also included within the rubric of “illegal sentences” are those
sentences which are not authorized under the applicable statutory scheme. Id. (citing
Davis v. State, 313 S.W.3d 751, 759 (Tenn. 2010)).

       Pursuant to statute, “child rapist” means a person convicted one or more times of
rape of a child as defined by Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-13-522. See Tenn.

        2
           On appeal, the Petitioner has attached to his brief—as Exhibit E—what appears to be a
handwritten letter from the Petitioner requesting the dates of his incarceration during 1994. At the bottom
of the Petitioner‟s letter is a handwritten list of dates, times, and charges, presumably written by someone
in response to the Petitioner‟s inquiry.
                                                   -5-
Code Ann. § 39-13-523(a)(1). A child rapist is required to serve the entire sentence
imposed by a trial court, undiminished by any sentence reduction credits the person may
be eligible for or earn. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-523(b).

        In this case, the corrected judgment for rape of a child properly reflects a sentence
of twenty-five years as a “child rapist” and is not an illegal sentence. The relevant statute
requiring child rapists to serve their entire sentence undiminished by any sentence
reduction credits was enacted in 1992—two years before the Petitioner committed the
instant offense. See 1992 Tenn. Pub. Acts, c. 878, § 1. Accordingly, the Petitioner is not
entitled to habeas corpus relief based upon this claim, and the habeas court did not err in
dismissing the petition without appointing counsel and conducting a hearing.

                                        Conclusion

       For the aforementioned reasons, the judgment of the habeas court is affirmed.

                                                  _________________________________
                                                  ROBERT L. HOLLOWAY, JR., JUDGE

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