Court Opinion

ID: 9733334
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-26 17:03:44.265094+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:26:40.611846
License: Public Domain

Per Curiam.
Plaintiff, Ronald Fiser, appeals the entry of summary judgment for defendants City of Ann Arbor and Ann Arbor police officers David L. Miller, Donald Terry, and Walter Lunsford. In his complaint against these defendants, plaintiff sought damages for injuries sustained in an automobile accident involving plaintiff’s car and a car driven by Michael Lehman, who was being chased by an Ann Arbor police car driven by defendant Lunsford at the time of the accident.
In the early morning hours of October 19, 1975, plaintiff was driving his automobile south on South Main Street in Ann Arbor. At the same time an automobile driven by Michael Lehman was proceeding east on Madison Street toward the intersection of Madison and South Main. Lehman was being pursued by a fully marked Ann Arbor police car with activated emergency sirens and overhead oscillating lights. Traveling at a high rate of speed, Lehman disregarded the flashing red light at the intersection, entered the intersection without stopping, and struck plaintiff’s car, causing personal injury to plaintiff.
*370All three of the defendant police officers had been involved in the chase of the vehicle driven by Lehman. Lehman had first been seen by defendants Miller and Terry when he failed to stop for a flashing stoplight. Lehman ignored the officers’ signal to stop. Officer Miller, the driver of the police car, activated the overhead emergency lights and began to pursue Lehman. Lehman increased his speed. At some point in the pursuit Lehman lost control of his vehicle. After being struck by the police car, Lehman’s car came to a stop. As Officer Terry left the police car, Lehman sped away again, nearly running down Officer Terry.
Officer Miller continued to pursue Lehman’s vehicle. After following him the wrong way on a one-way street, Miller lost track of the Lehman car. Officer Lunsford, who was also operating a fully marked Ann Arbor police car and who had received a radio report of the high-speed chase, the collision with Officer Terry, and a description of the Lehman vehicle spotted Lehman’s car and began pursuit with his emergency light and siren activated. Lunsford pursued Lehman for approximately six blocks at a maximum speed of about 55 miles per hour. Lunsford saw Lehman ignore a stop sign, make an improper turn, disregard the flashing red light at Madison and South Main, and strike the car driven by plaintiff. According to Lunsford, Lehman’s car had been going faster than 55 miles per hour.
Plaintiff alleged that his injuries were caused by the negligence of defendant police officers. Defendants moved for summary judgment. In ruling on the motion, the trial court reviewed the affidavits of the police officers, the allegations of plaintiff’s amended complaint, and testimony given by Offi*371cer Lunsford at the hearing on the motion for summary judgment. The court identified two theories of negligence advanced by plaintiff: (1) defendant officers’ negligent decisions to continue their pursuit of Lehman, and (2) defendant officers’ negligent operation of their police cars. Summary judgment was entered for all defendants on both theories.
With respect to plaintiff’s first theory, we affirm entry of summary judgment for defendants. Defendant City of Ann Arbor is statutorily immune from liability under this theory since the operation of a police department is a governmental function. MCL 691.1407; MSA 3.996(107). Walkowski v Macomb County Sheriff, 64 Mich App 460; 236 NW2d 516 (1975), Berger v City of Berkley, 87 Mich App 361; 275 NW2d 2 (1978), lv den 406 Mich 969 (1979).
The defendant police officers are protected from liability for tortious acts committed in the scope of their employment if their acts are "discretionary” and not "ministerial”. Antkiewicz v Motorists Mutual Ins Co, 91 Mich App 389, 397; 283 NW2d 749 (1979), Bush v Oscoda Area Schools, 405 Mich 716, 734; 275 NW2d 268 (1979) (opinions of Moody, J., and Coleman, C.J.). In our judgment, the decision of a police office to pursue and to contine to pursue a fleeing motorist, under circumstances like those in this case, is a discretionary act which is protected by immunity from tort liability. See Bratt v City and County of San Francisco, 50 Cal App 3d 550, 553; 123 Cal Rptr 774 (1975), Sparks v City of Compton, 64 Cal App 3d 592, 596; 134 Cal Rptr 684 (1976).
Under his second theory of liability for negligence, plaintiff sought to avoid governmental immunity through the motor vehicle exception:
*372"Governmental agencies shall be liable for bodily injury and property damage resulting from the negligent operation by any officer, agent, or employee of the governmental agency, of a motor vehicle of which the governmental agency is owner, as defined in Act No. 300 of the Public Acts of 1949, as amended, being sections 257.1 to 257.923 of the Compiled Laws of 1948.” MCL 691.1405; MSA 3.996(105).
With respect to defendants Officers Miller and Terry, we affirm entry of summary judgment under plaintiff’s second theory. It is undisputed that these officers did not operate or even occupy the police car which was pursuing the Lehman car at the time of the accident with plaintiff’s car. Their sole participation, if any, at the time of the accident was in making the decision to chase. As noted above, they are protected from liability for any negligence in making that decision.
We next address the question concerning the liability of Officer Lunsford and the City of Ann Arbor with respect to Lunsford’s allegedly negligent operation of the police vehicle.
We are of the view that plaintiff’s injury was not caused by any "negligent operation * * * of a motor vehicle” by an employee of the City of Ann Arbor within the meaning of MCL 691.1405; MSA 3.996(105).
Certainly, an officer responding in an emergency situation must act in a reasonable manner. Officer Lunsford was required to pursue Lehman with due regard for the safety of the public in mind. But even if Officer Lunsford was operating his police vehicle negligently during the course of his pursuit of Lehman, that negligence was not a proximate cause of plaintiff’s injuries since Officer Lunsford’s vehicle was not involved in the accident in which plaintiff was injured. The accident was directly *373caused by the negligent driving of Lehman, who was attempting to flee from an officer performing his duties. Whereas Lunsford’s decision to chase may have been a contributing cause of the injuries suffered by plaintiff, the manner in which Luns-ford drove the police vehicle was not. Since both the city and the officers are immune from liability for the making of the decision to pursue, summary judgment was properly granted.
The decision of the circuit court is affirmed.