Court Opinion

ID: 2768088
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-01-09 00:51:45.902981+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:11:29.585924
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES ARMY COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
                                        Before
                              YOB, KRAUSS, and BURTON
                               Appellate Military Judges

                          UNITED STATES, Appellee
                                       v.
                    Sergeant WILLIS L. HATFIELD-REAVIS
                         United States Army, Appellant

                                   ARMY 20110252

                      Headquarters, 82d Airborne Division (trial)
    Headquarters, Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth (DuBay Hearing)
    Patrick J. Parrish, Karin G. Tackaberry, and Jeffrey R. Nance, Military Judges
            Colonel Lorianne M. Campanella, Staff Judge Advocate (trial)
             Colonel Fred Taylor, Staff Judge Advocate (DuBay Hearing)

For Appellant: Colonel Patricia A. Ham, JA; Lieutenant Colonel Imogene M.
Jamison, JA; Major Jacob D. Bashore, JA; Captain Jack D. Einhorn, JA (on brief).

For Appellee: Lieutenant Colonel Amber J. Roach, JA; Major Katherine S. Gowel,
JA; Captain Kenneth W. Borgnino, JA (on brief).

                                  21 December 2012

                              ----------------------------------
                               SUMMARY DISPOSITION
                              ----------------------------------

KRAUSS, Judge:

       A military judge, sitting as a general court-martial, convicted appellant,
pursuant to his pleas, of five specifications of violation of a lawful general
regulation, one specification of escape from custody, one specification each of
wrongful use and possession of heroin, and fifteen specifications of larceny, in
violation of Articles 92, 95, 112a, and 121, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10
U.S.C. §§ 892, 895, 912a, 921 (2006) [hereinafter UCMJ], respectively. 1 The
convening authority approved the adjudged sentence of a bad-conduct discharge,

1
  One specification of failure to go to appointed place of duty in violation of Article
86, UCMJ, was dismissed with prejudice on government motion.
HATFIELD-REAVIS—ARMY 20110252

confinement for twenty-two months, total forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and
reduction to the grade of E-1. 2

       This case is before the court for review under Article 66, UCMJ. Appellant
asserts that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel in relation to matters of
pretrial punishment and his pretrial agreement and also raises an additional matter
pursuant to United States v. Grostefon, 12 M.J. 431 (C.M.A. 1982). In light of
appellant’s assertion of ineffective assistance of counsel, we ordered a hearing
pursuant to United States v. DuBay, 17 U.S.C.M.A. 147, 37 C.M.R. 411 (1967) on 22
May 2012. The DuBay hearing was completed on 9 July 2012 and the military
judge responsible for presiding over same completed his findings on 24 July 2012.
Having reviewed the record of trial, the proceedings of the DuBay hearing, and the
judge’s associated findings, we find that appellant’s assigned error lacks merit. We
also find the matter raised by appellant pursuant to Grostefon to be without merit.
However, concluding our independent review under Article 66, UCMJ, we do find
that a substantial basis in law and fact exists to warrant disapproval of two of
appellant’s convictions for violation of a general regulation under Article 92, UCMJ,
and his conviction for escape from custody under Article 95, UCMJ. See generally
United States v. Inabinette, 66 M.J. 320 (C.A.A.F. 2008).

       Under Specifications 4 and 5 of Charge II, appellant pled guilty to violating a
general regulation by requesting loans of money from soldiers junior in rank to him.
The 82d Airborne Division regulation in question purports to establish a blanket
prohibition against the “[r]equest or accept[ance of] loans of money from [s]oldiers
junior in rank or their dependents.” Such a blanket prohibition is beyond the
authority of any issuing official. See, e.g., United States v. Light, 36 C.M.R. 579
(A.C.M.R. 1965); Manual for Courts-Martial, United States (2008 ed.) [hereinafter
MCM], pt. IV, ¶¶ 16.c(1)(c) & 14.c(2)(a)(iv); Army Reg. 600-20, Army Command
Policy, para. 4-14b (18 Mar. 2008). It was error for the judge to accept the
regulation as lawful in this respect and an abuse of discretion to accept appellant’s
plea. We therefore disapprove those findings of guilty in light of the authorities
cited above.

       In relation to Charge III and its Specification, appellant never admitted facts
sufficient to establish a completed escape from custody. Therefore, his plea of
guilty to that offense is improvident. See United States v. White, 39 M.J. 796, 803
(N.M.C.M.R. 1994); MCM, pt. IV, ¶¶ 19.c(4)(c) & (5)(c); Inabinette, 66 M.J. 320.
We decline to approve a finding of a lesser offense of attempted escape from custody

2
  However, it is apparent from the record that the convening authority intended to
disapprove the adjudged forfeitures and waive automatic forfeitures in accordance
with Article 58(b), UCMJ. We will make the appropriate correction in our decretal
paragraph.

                                           2
HATFIELD-REAVIS—ARMY 20110252

in light of the lack of any discussion of appellant’s specific intent on the record in
that respect. United States v. Redlinski, 58 M.J. 117, 119 (C.A.A.F. 2003).

       We therefore disapprove the findings of guilty as to Specifications 4 and 5 of
Charge II and Charge III and its Specification. The remaining findings of guilty are
affirmed. We resolve that, under the circumstances of this case, a rehearing on
sentence is unwarranted. United States v. Sales, 22 M.J. 305 (C.M.A. 1986).
Reassessing the sentence on the basis of the errors noted, the entire record, and in
accordance with the principles of Sales, 22 M.J. 305 (C.M.A. 1986), and United
States v. Moffeit, 63 M.J. 40 (C.A.A.F. 2006), to include the factors identified by
Judge Baker in his concurring opinion in Moffeit, we are confident that appellant
would have received a sentence at least as severe as that adjudged. However, in
light of the convening authority’s discernible intent to ensure financial assistance to
appellant’s dependents under Article 58(b), UCMJ, we disapprove the adjudged
forfeitures. As such, the court affirms only so much of the sentence as provides for
a bad-conduct discharge, confinement for twenty-two months, and reduction to the
grade of E-1. All rights, privileges, and property, of which appellant has been
deprived by virtue of that portion of his sentence set aside by this decision, are
ordered restored. See UCMJ arts. 58b(c) and 75(a).

      Senior Judge YOB and Judge BURTON concur.

                                        FOR
                                         FORTHE
                                             THECOURT:
                                                 COURT:

                                        MALCOLM H. SQUIRES, JR.
                                         MALCOLM
                                        Clerk of CourtH. SQUIRES, JR.
                                         Clerk of Court

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