Court Opinion

ID: 9908046
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-07 17:09:56.043624+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:49:14.749223
License: Public Domain

J-S31035-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  RAEQUAN WILLIAMS-COOPER                      :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 733 EDA 2023

           Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered February 17, 2023
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County Criminal Division at
                      No(s): CP-09-CR-0000231-2018

BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J., and McLAUGHLIN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.:                         FILED DECEMBER 7, 2023

       Raequan Williams-Cooper appeals pro se from the order dismissing as

untimely his second Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”) petition. See 42

Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.

       Williams-Cooper pleaded guilty to multiple charges arising from the

sexual assault of his two minor sisters.1 The court sentenced him in August

2018 to six to 15 years imprisonment. Williams-Cooper filed a timely motion

for post-sentence relief, asking the court to hear the testimony of his mother,

who had been unable to attend the sentencing hearing. On September 19,

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1 Williams-Cooper pleaded guilty to two counts of involuntary deviate sexual

intercourse with a child and one count each of corruption of minors, indecent
assault of a person less than 13 years of age, sexual abuse of children, and
indecent assault without consent. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3123(b),
6301(a)(1)(ii), 3126(a)(7), 6312(b)(2), and 3126(a)(1), respectively.
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2018, after a hearing at which Williams-Cooper’s mother testified, the court

denied the motion. Williams-Cooper did not file a direct appeal.

      Roughly three months later, in November 2018, Williams-Cooper filed

his first PCRA petition. The court appointed counsel, who filed a no-merit

letter. See Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988);

Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1988) (en banc). The

no-merit letter discussed Williams-Cooper’s claim that his guilty plea had not

been entered knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily, and found the transcript

of the plea hearing and the written plea colloquy disproved this claim. The

letter also discussed Williams-Cooper’s claim that his trial counsel had been

ineffective for failing to honor his pre-sentence request to withdraw his guilty

plea and found that Williams-Cooper could not establish he was prejudiced by

counsel’s inaction. The letter explained that even assuming Williams-Cooper

had requested counsel move to withdraw his plea, a withdrawal motion would

not have been successful, as Williams-Cooper made only a bald claim of

innocence with no explanation for his lengthy confession to the police. The

court denied the petition in December 2019, following a video hearing.

Williams-Cooper did not appeal.

      A few years later, on June 15, 2022, Williams-Cooper filed the instant

PCRA petition. The petition alleged that both the trial court and counsel had

failed to inform him, at either the time of his guilty plea or sentencing, of his

right to file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea and the consequences of

failing to do so. See PCRA Petition, filed 6/15/22, at 10. He asserted his

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petition was timely due to governmental interference and because “[a]t the

time [he] was not [aware] that [he] had the right to file a motion to withdraw

[his] guilty plea.” Id. at 3. He claimed he came to know the relevant facts by

“[r]eading case law and being helped at the Law library here at S.C.I.

Waymart.” Id. at 4.

        The court dismissed the petition.2 It found the petition untimely as it

was not filed within a year of the date Williams-Cooper’s judgment of sentence

had become final — October 19, 2018 — and did not assert any exception to

the one-year requirement. See PCRA Court Opinion, filed May 8, 2023, at 3-

4. The court also concluded the petition failed on its merits, because the court

had informed Williams-Cooper at his sentencing hearing of his right to file

post-sentence motions. Id. at 6 (citing N.T., Sentencing, 8/20/18, at 32-34).

It further found that Williams-Cooper could not prove he was prejudiced by

any alleged failure to inform him of his right to move to withdraw his guilty

plea, because he had entered the plea knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily,

and there was therefore no basis on which a motion to withdraw the plea

would have been successful. Id. at 6-7 (citing N.T., Guilty Plea, 5/11/18, at

5-9).

        Williams-Cooper appealed. He states his issues as follows:

        1. Because the Rule of Criminal Procedure (Pa.R.Crim.P. 704),
        provides that a defendant be inform[ed] of his rights to file post-

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2The court did not issue an order stating its intent to dismiss the petition
without a hearing, violating Pa.R.Crim.P. 907(1).

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      guilty plea motions[, t]he Court errored when not informing
      [Williams-Cooper] of his right to file post-guilty plea motions.

      2. Because the right to file a post-guilty plea motions is a personal
      right which a defendant may relinquish only through a knowing,
      intelligent and voluntary waiver[, t]he Court errored in denying
      [Williams-Cooper]’s PCRA petition without first, considering
      whether [Williams-Cooper] made a knowing, intelligent and
      voluntary waiver of his right file a post-guilty plea motions.

      3. Because the right to appeal is a personal right which a
      defendant may relinquish only through a knowing, intelligent and
      voluntary waiver[, t]he Court errored in denying [Williams-
      Cooper’s] PCRA petition without first, considering whether
      [Williams-Cooper] made a knowing, intelligent and voluntary
      waiver of his right to appeal.

Williams-Cooper’s Br. at 4.

      Williams-Cooper argues that although the court advised him of his right

to file a post-sentence motion within 10 days of his sentencing hearing, this

was insufficient to apprise him specifically of his right to move to withdraw his

plea and warn him that he had only 10 days to do so. Id. at 9-10; see also

id. at 13-14 (“While [Williams-Cooper] had knowledge of the post sentence

motion [deadline], he did not have knowledge of the time limitations

surrounding the filing of a post-sentence motion to withdraw his pleas”). He

argues that in situations where the record does not reflect that the defendant

was ever informed of his right to file a motion to withdraw his plea, this Court

must vacate the judgment of sentence and permit the defendant to file the

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motion in the trial court nunc pro tunc. Id. at 8 (citing Commonwealth v.

Heeman, 433 A.2d 477 (Pa. 1981)).3

       “Our standard of review is well settled.” Commonwealth v. Anderson,

234 A.3d 735, 737 (Pa.Super. 2020). “When reviewing the denial of a PCRA

petition, we must determine whether the PCRA court’s order is supported by

the record and free of legal error.” Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Smith,

181 A.3d 1168, 1174 (Pa.Super. 2018)).

       The time restrictions of the PCRA are jurisdictional, and we lack

jurisdiction to address the substantive claims of an untimely petition. Id. To

be timely, the petition must be filed within one year of the date the petitioner’s

judgment of sentence became final, i.e., within one year after the conclusion

of direct appeal or the expiration of time to seek direct review. Id. at 737-38

(citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1), (b)(3)). A petitioner filing a petition after

that date must plead and prove one of three enumerated exceptions applies:

       (i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
       interference by government officials with the presentation of the
       claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
       or the Constitution or laws of the United States;

       (ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to
       the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise
       of due diligence; or

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3 In Heeman, the Supreme Court held this Court had erred in finding the
defendant had waived his challenge to his guilty plea by failing to file a motion
to withdraw his plea in the trial court, because the defendant had never been
apprised that a failure to file post-verdict motions would waive his issues for
appeal. 433 A.2d at 478.

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      (iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized
      by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court
      of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and
      has been held by that court to apply retroactively.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). If an exception applies, the petitioner must

file the petition within one year of the date the claim could have been

presented. Id. at § 9545(b)(2).

      Williams-Cooper’s judgment of sentence became final on October 19,

2018, 30 days after the court denied Williams-Cooper’s post-sentence motion,

as this was the last date Williams-Cooper could have filed a direct appeal. See

Pa.R.A.P. 903(a); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3). Williams-Cooper therefore had

until October 19, 2019, to file a PCRA petition. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1).

He filed the instant petition in June 2022, well after the deadline. Therefore,

to invoke this Court’s jurisdiction, he had to plead the application of a

timeliness exception. However, his brief makes no mention of the timeliness

of his petition.

      In his petition, Williams-Cooper asserted that he was previously

unaware that he had the right to file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea, and

that he learned this information through performing research at the prison

library. However, Williams-Cooper fails to identify when exactly he discovered

this information and assert that he filed his petition within the following year.

He presents no reason why he could not have made this claim earlier through

the exercise of due diligence. Furthermore, “discovering” the state of the law

does not generally render a PCRA petition timely. Commonwealth v.

Kennedy, 266 A.3d 1128, 1135 (Pa.Super. 2021). Williams-Cooper’s instant

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PCRA petition is therefore untimely, and the PCRA court did not err in

dismissing it as such.4

       Order affirmed.

Judge Olson joins the memorandum.

Judge Stabile concurs in the result.

Date: 12/07/2023

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4 Although we do not reach the merits of Williams-Cooper’s petition, due to its

untimeliness, we note that Williams-Cooper does not explain on what grounds
he would have filed a motion to withdraw his guilty plea. We also note that
the questions of whether Williams-Cooper entered his guilty plea knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily and whether counsel was ineffective for failing to
honor Williams-Cooper’s request to withdraw his guilty plea were already
decided when the court denied his first PCRA petition. See Commonwealth
v. Culsoir, 209 A.3d 433, 437 (Pa.Super. 2019) (stating a defendant seeking
to withdraw a guilty plea after sentencing must demonstrate that the plea was
entered involuntarily, unknowingly, or unintelligently); Commonwealth v.
Metzger, 441 A.2d 1225, 1228 (Pa.Super. 1981) (“Counsel will not be
deemed ineffective if the action which he failed to take would have been
frivolous or futile”).

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