Court Opinion

ID: 4504407
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-02-04 21:00:28.378483+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:38:50.116740
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                             C.A. Nos. 17-3298 and 18-1404
                                     (consolidated)
                                     ___________

                           JUNIOR NATHANIEL RICKETTS
                            a/k/a Junior Mohammed Ricketts
                                 a/k/a Paul Milton Miles,
                                                   Petitioner

                                             v.

                            ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE
                            UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                       ____________________________________

                       On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                            Board of Immigration Appeals
                             (Agency No. A027 024 434)
                     Immigration Judge: Honorable Walter Durling
                      ____________________________________

                  Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                  January 6, 2020
          Before: JORDAN, GREENAWAY, Jr., and FISHER, Circuit Judges

                            (Opinion filed: February 4, 2020)
                                     ___________

                                        OPINION *
                                       ___________

PER CURIAM

*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
       Junior Nathaniel Ricketts, proceeding pro se, petitions for review of an order of

the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA” or “Board”), which denied his motion to

reopen, and the BIA’s order denying his subsequent motion to reconsider. We will

dismiss these two consolidated petitions for review for lack of jurisdiction. 1

       This case has a long and complicated background. In short, Junior Ricketts

claimed that he was a United States citizen and that he was born in Brooklyn, New York.

However, an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) found that he was a Jamaican citizen, and he was

removed to Jamaica in 2000, based on his criminal convictions: he was convicted on

January 9, 1995, in the United States District Court, Southern District of New York, of

the offenses of embezzlement of funds from a federally funded local government agency,

in violation of title 18 U.S.C. § 666(a)(1)(A), illegal entry and harboring of aliens in the

United States, in violation of title 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1), fraud and misuse of an alien

registration card, in violation of title 18 U.S.C. § 1546, and illicit transportation of a

minor with intent to engage in sexual activity, in violation of title 18 U.S.C. § 2423. He

eventually returned to the U.S. and filed several motions to reopen and/or reconsider,

based on his claim of U.S. citizenship. Denials of two of those motions resulted in the

petitions for review docketed at C.A. 10-1875 and 10-2400. Those cases were stayed

       1
         These petitions are also consolidated with two of Ricketts’ earlier petitions for
review, docketed at C.A. Nos. 10-1875 and 10-2400. Ricketts is represented by counsel
in those two proceedings, which concern whether the agency erred in applying the
“departure bar regulation,” 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(d), to deny Ricketts’ earlier motions to
reopen and reconsider, and the effect of the Second Circuit’s ruling that Ricketts is not a
                                             2
pending resolution of a criminal matter, 2 and then the matter was transferred out of circuit

for a citizenship determination under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(5), see Ricketts v. Att’y Gen.,

897 F.3d 491 (3d Cir. 2018). 3

       In the meantime, in August 2017 Ricketts filed another motion to reopen with the

BIA. A.R. 39-66 (all page references to the Administrative Record in this opinion refer

to the record filed in C.A. No. 18-1404). His motion claimed that as a gay man, he would

face torture if he is returned to Jamaica. He claimed that his motion was brought under 8

C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii), which permits motions to reopen to apply for withholding of

removal beyond the usual 90-day deadline and numerical limit when an alien shows

qualifying changed country conditions. 4 The BIA denied the motion as untimely and

number-barred, A.R. 14-16, and Ricketts’ timely petition for review was docketed at C.A.

No. 17-3298. Ricketts also filed a motion for reconsideration with the BIA. A.R. 8-10.

United States citizen. Our judgment today does not dispose of the proceedings in C.A.
Nos. 10-1875 and 10-2400.
        2
          Ricketts was charged, inter alia, with making a false claim of citizenship, but that
charge later was dismissed as part of a plea bargain. See C.A. No. 10-1875, Final Status
Report filed April 3, 2014.
        3
          The United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York determined
that Ricketts is not a United States citizen, and the Second Circuit affirmed that decision.
See C.A. No. 18-2244 (2d Cir. Feb. 26, 2019), motion for reconsideration denied, April
25, 2019.
        4
          A motion filed outside of the 90-day period and beyond the usual one-only limit
is allowed if it is “based on changed circumstances arising in the country of nationality or
in the country to which deportation has been ordered, if such evidence is material and
was not available and could not have been discovered or presented at the previous
hearing.” 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii).
                                               3
The BIA denied that motion as well, A.R. 2-3, and Ricketts’ timely petition for review

was docketed at C.A. No. 18-1404.

       We generally have jurisdiction to review a Board order denying a motion to

reopen or reconsider, see Kucana v. Holder, 558 U.S. 233, 253 (2010), and we review

such decisions for abuse of discretion, see Zhu v. Att’y Gen., 744 F.3d 268, 271 (3d Cir.

2014). But because Ricketts is removable for having been convicted of an aggravated

felony, our jurisdiction is limited to review of constitutional claims and questions of law.

See Desai v. Att’y Gen., 695 F.3d 267, 269 (3d Cir. 2012); see also 8 U.S.C.

§ 1252(a)(2)(C), (D); Cruz v. Att’y Gen., 452 F.3d 240, 246–47 (3d Cir. 2006).

       Under the statute, a “court of appeals shall decide the petition only on the

administrative record on which the order of removal is based.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(A).

The administrative record produced in these consolidated cases does not reflect that

Ricketts’ original removal order was reinstated at any point. We take judicial notice,

however, as we think we must, that the removal order was reinstated by an order dated

April 22, 2005. See Ricketts v. Att’y Gen., C.A. No. 06-4612, Respondent’s Motion to

Dismiss, Reinstatement Order attached. And if a removal order has been reinstated, the

agency lacks the authority to reopen removal proceedings. See 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5);

Cuenca v. Barr, 941 F.3d 1213, 1217 (9th Cir. 2019).

       There is an exception to the bar on reopening, however: “An alien may seek

withholding of removal if he has a reasonable fear of persecution.” Bonilla v. Sessions,

891 F.3d 87, 90 (3d Cir. 2018). Ricketts claims that the agency is required to refer him to
                                             4
an asylum officer to conduct a “reasonable fear” determination. But reasonable fear

proceedings are to occur as part of the reinstatement proceedings, which occurred in

Ricketts’ case in 2005. The regulation that Ricketts cites, 8 C.F.R. § 208.31, provides for

a reasonable fear interview when an alien “in the course of the administrative removal or

reinstatement process expresses a fear of returning to the country of removal,”

§ 208.31(a) (emphasis added), and provides that “[i]n the absence of exceptional

circumstances, this determination will be conducted within 10 days of the referral,”

§ 208.31(b). Ricketts cites no applicable regulation or statute that would obligate the

agency to provide him with a reasonable fear interview over a decade after his removal

order was reinstated. See Pareja v. Att’y Gen., 615 F.3d 180, 187 (3d Cir. 2010) (“If a

claim is frivolous, . . . we lack jurisdiction to review it, no matter its label.”).

       Even if Ricketts were not subject to a reinstated removal order, we would lack

jurisdiction to consider his claim that the agency should have reopened proceedings

because he met the burden of showing changed country conditions. Cf. Sukwanputra v.

Gonzales, 434 F.3d 627, 635 (3d Cir. 2006) (concluding that a claim that a petitioner met

his burden of demonstrating changed circumstances materially affecting asylum

eligibility did not raise a constitutional claim or question of law). See also Jarbough v.

Att’y Gen., 483 F.3d 184, 189 (3d Cir. 2007) (“[A]rguments such as that an [IJ] or the

BIA incorrectly weighed evidence, failed to consider evidence or improperly weighed

equitable factors are not questions of law under § 1252(a)(2)(D)).”

                                                5
       Because Ricketts fails to raise any colorable legal or constitutional issues, we lack

jurisdiction to consider these consolidated petitions for review. We thus will dismiss the

petitions.

                                             6