Court Opinion

ID: 4402117
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-05-30 20:00:43.995432+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:32:03.207603
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAY 30 2019
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

RANDY NUNEZ, on Behalf of Himself and           No.    17-56821
All Others Similarly Situated,
                                                D.C. No.
                Plaintiff-Appellant,            3:15-cv-02717-JAH-WVG

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
SAKS INCORPORATED, a Tennessee
corporation; DOES, 1-50, Inclusive,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Southern District of California
                    John A. Houston, District Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted May 15, 2019
                              Pasadena, California

Before: WARDLAW and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and KORMAN,** District
Judge.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The Honorable Edward R. Korman, United States District Judge for
the Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.
      Randy Nunez appeals the district court’s dismissal of his Third Amended

Complaint with prejudice. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We

reverse and remand.

1.    Nunez has both Article III and statutory standing to pursue his individual

claims for damages under California’s False Advertising Law (FAL), Consumer

Legal Remedies Act (CLRA), and Unfair Competition Law (UCL). He alleges

sufficient economic injury: that he purchased a pair of Saks Fifth Avenue branded

shoes and that he would not have purchased the shoes but for his reliance on the

allegedly fictitious inflated “Market Price” on the shoes’ price tag. See Kwikset

Corp. v. Superior Court, 246 P.3d 877, 885, 889–91 (Cal. 2011); Hansen v.

Newegg.com Ams., Inc., 236 Cal. Rptr. 3d 61, 67, 71 (Ct. App. 2018), review

denied (Oct. 17, 2018); Hinojos v. Kohl’s Corp., 718 F.3d 1098, 1104–05 (9th Cir.

2013), as amended on denial of reh’g and reh’g en banc (July 8, 2013).

2.    The district court erred by concluding at the pleading stage that Nunez

lacked standing to assert claims on behalf of putative class members. Because

Nunez has demonstrated standing to pursue his individual claims, the district court

should have deferred consideration of whether he was an adequate class

representative until the class certification stage of proceedings. See Melendres v.

Arpaio, 784 F.3d 1254, 1261–62 (9th Cir. 2015).

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3.    Nunez’s allegations are insufficient to demonstrate standing to pursue

injunctive relief.1 See Davidson v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 889 F.3d 956, 969–70

(9th Cir.), cert. denied, 139 S. Ct. 640 (2018). Nunez alleges that he may shop at

Off Fifth in the future, but he has not alleged any intent to purchase a Saks Fifth

Avenue branded product in the future. Absent such an allegation, Nunez has failed

to allege that he “may suffer an ‘actual and imminent, not conjectural or

hypothetical’ threat of future harm.” Id. at 969; see id. at 969–70 (“[T]he threat of

future harm may be the consumer’s plausible allegations that she will be unable to

rely on the product’s advertising or labeling in the future, and so will not purchase

the product although she would like to.”). However, because Nunez filed his Third

Amended Complaint before we decided Davidson, which resolved the open

question whether a previously deceived consumer has standing to seek injunctive

relief for false advertising, id. at 966–67, he should be allowed to amend his

complaint to allege facts supporting standing to pursue injunctive relief on remand.

See Doe I v. Nestle USA, Inc., 766 F.3d 1013, 1028 (9th Cir. 2014).

4.    The district court erred by concluding that Nunez failed to satisfy Federal

Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b)’s particularity requirement for his claims under the

FAL, CLRA, and UCL. Nunez has pleaded “the who, what, when, where, and

1
      Saks raised this issue below, but the district court did not rule upon it. We
have an independent obligation to consider standing on appeal. Am. Civil Liberties
Union of Nev. v. Lomax, 471 F.3d 1010, 1015 (9th Cir. 2006).

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how” of Saks’s alleged misconduct. Kearns v. Ford Motor Co., 567 F.3d 1120,

1124 (9th Cir. 2009). Nunez alleges he purchased a pair of Saks Fifth Avenue

branded shoes at an Off Fifth store in San Diego, California (the Where) on July

15, 2015 (the When). He further alleges that Saks (the Who) used a uniform

pricing scheme for its price tags for Saks Fifth Avenue branded clothing (the

What) sold exclusively at Off Fifth stores. These price tags include a fictious

“Market Price” alongside a “You Pay” price at which the product is sold, but the

products are never in fact offered for sale or sold at the “Market Price” (the How).

Nunez also alleges that the “Market Price” is likely to mislead a reasonable

consumer into believing he is purchasing a discounted product. See Hinojos, 718
F.3d at 1106 (“Misinformation about a product’s ‘normal’ price is . . . significant

to many consumers in the same way as a false product label would be.”); see also

Cal. Civ. Code § 1770(a)(13); Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17501. The district court

did not address whether the claims as pleaded state a cause of action under

California law, and we express no opinion on that subject.

      REVERSED AND REMANDED.

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