Court Opinion

ID: 9484186
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-05 09:43:11.621094+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:50:04.573438
License: Public Domain

TROTT, Circuit Judge,
dissenting:
I respectfully dissent. I do so because of the time Latimer spent in a federal penitentiary between June 4, 1979 and September 14, 1978 for five bank robberies, which in my calculation would put him in prison for those robberies within the relevant fifteen-year period. See U.S.S.G. § 4A1.2(e). This *1518would make Latimer, who has committed seven bank robberies in Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and California, eligible to be treated as a career offender.
I
Latimer began serving his 1967 sentence for five separate bank robberies on March 4, 1967, and was paroled on June 20, 1972. A parole violation warrant was issued on June 16, 1977 because Latimer committed another bank robbery in 1973, his sixth. A detainer was also issued because Latimer was then incarcerated for his 1973 bank robbery. On June 4, 1979, Latimer was paroled on the 1973 charges to the detain-er. Latimer was then held in custody on the parole violation warrant stemming from his 1967 sentence from June 4, 1979 to August 27, 1979 — the day of his parole revocation hearing. Latimer was finally placed in a community treatment center on September 14, 1979, where he stayed until December 19th, when he was released on parole.
The warrant which held Latimer prior to his parole revocation hearing explicitly stated that once executed he’was to be held in federal custody. Therefore, from June 4, 1979 to August 27, 1979, Latimer was in a federal penitentiary because of the parole violation of his sentence for the 1967 robberies. The sentencing court is to count a defendant’s parole violation as part of the sentence originally imposed. United States v. Harrington, 923 F.2d 1371, 1375-76 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 112 S.Ct. 164, 116 L.Ed.2d 128 (1991).
Moreover, after Latimer’s parole was revoked, on August 27, 1979, the parole board did not choose to release Latimer pending his placement at a community treatment center. Instead, they chose to keep him in a federal penitentiary where Latimer remained until September 14,1979. By my definition of the term, he was “incarcerated.” I would hold that Latimer was in prison for the five 1967 robberies between June 4, 1979 and September 14, 1979. This places Latimer in prison for the 1967 robberies within the fifteen-year period.
Under the circumstances, I am unable to agree with my respected colleagues that a defendant physically confined behind the walls of the United States Penitentiary at McNeil Island and serving time against the sentence at issue is not “incarcerated” on that sentence. Accordingly, I do not find it necessary to reach the difficult question of whether confinement in a community treatment center constitutes incarceration under the meaning of § 4A1.2(e)(l).
Hence, although I concur in the memorandum disposition referred to in footnote 1 of the majority opinion, I dissent as to the holding that Latimer is not a career offender.