Court Opinion

ID: 9460736
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-04 21:58:58.421021+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:36:45.520362
License: Public Domain

MacKINNON, Circuit Judge
(concurring) :
I concur in the conclusions as to the transcript and in the result which flows as to the other points from Judge Leventhal’s opinion, but I do not believe that the alleged error in the malice charge is as egregious as Judge Leventhal’s opinion asserts. The difference *1060between the charge as given and the recommended charge is not substantial1 and United States v. Bush, 135 U.S.App.D.C. 67, 70, 416 F.2d 823, 826 (1969), did not require it. It was not until Carter v. United States, 141 U.S.App.D.C. 259, 264, 437 F.2d 692, 697 (1970), decided some 16 months after Bush, that we stated such “definition should be used in instructions given after the Bush decision. . . . ”2 I would thus not remand the case, as we do, solely on the basis of this portion of the malice instruction. However, as to the portion dealing with intent it is my view that, in the absence of an en banc reversal, our prior decisions require that I concur with the disposition of the case as set forth in Judge Leventhal’s opinion. Green v. United States, 132 U.S.App.D.C. 98, 405 F.2d 1368 (1968); United States v. Wharton, 139 U.S.App.D.C. 273, 433 F.2d 451 (1970).

. 28U.S.C. §2111.

. Such retroactivity would be impossible to accomplish. This trial, however, began on June 17, 1971.