Court Opinion

ID: 9398526
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-31 16:11:00.37476+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:19:34.134891
License: Public Domain

J-S16031-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    IN THE INTEREST OF: K.S., A                :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    MINOR                                      :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: S.S., MOTHER                    :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 3133 EDA 2022

               Appeal from the Order Entered November 9, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Juvenile Division at
                        No(s): CP-51-DP-0001315-2020

    IN THE INTEREST OF: K.J.S., A              :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    MINOR                                      :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: S.S., MOTHER                    :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 3134 EDA 2022

              Appeal from the Decree Entered November 9, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Juvenile Division at
                       No(s): CP-51-AP-0000654-2021

BEFORE: DUBOW, J., MURRAY, J., and McCAFFERY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY McCAFFERY, J.:                               FILED MAY 31, 2023

       In these consolidated appeals,1 S.S. (Mother) appeals from the decree

entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas involuntarily

____________________________________________

1On January 4, 2023, this Court entered an order consolidating these appeals
sua sponte. Order, 1/4/23.
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terminating her parental right to K.J.S. (Child),2 born in September of 2012,

and the order, entered that same day, which changed Child’s permanency goal

from reunification to adoption.3 Upon our review, we affirm the termination

decree and dismiss as moot the appeal from the goal change order.

        Child was born to Mother in September of 2012. Father is not listed on

Child’s birth certificate, and his whereabouts are unknown. See Petition for

Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights, 11/2/21, Exhibit B, Child’s

Certification of Birth; Trial Ct. Op., 1/27/23, at 1.

        On December 9, 2020, the Philadelphia Department of Human Services

(DHS) applied for emergency protective custody of Child, after Mother was

arrested for theft and trespassing; the trial court granted an order of

protective custody that same day.              See DHS’s Application for Order of

Protective Custody, 12/9/20, at 2 (unpaginated); Order, 12/9/20. Following

a    shelter   care   hearing    on   December     11th,   the   court   adopted   the

recommendation of DHS that Child should remain in foster care placement.

Order, 12/11/20. Child was subsequently adjudicated dependent on February

23, 2021. Order of Adjudication & Disposition, 2/23/21. Although Mother was

____________________________________________

2   K.J.S. and K.S. are the same child.

3 That same day, the trial court also terminated the parental rights of J.M.
(presumptive Father), as well as any unknown putative father. See N.T.,
11/9/22, at 65-66. Neither presumptive Father, nor any other putative father,
participated in these proceedings, or appealed from the termination order.

                                           -2-
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released from prison in February of 2021, she was later incarcerated in August

of 2021, following her arrest for murder. See N.T. at 13, 16.

       On November 2, 2021, DHS filed a petition for goal change to adoption,

and a petition seeking the involuntary termination of the parental rights of

both Mother and presumptive Father. See DHS’s Petition for Goal Change to

Adoption, 11/2/21, 1-2; DHS’s Petition for Involuntary Termination of Parental

Rights, 11/2/21, at 3-6. The scheduled hearing was continued several times

due to the unavailability of the parties. The goal change/termination hearing

was finally conducted on November 9, 2022, at which time the following

testimony was presented.4

       Community Umbrella Agency (CUA) Case Manager Supervisor Shiera

Williams, who has been Mother’s case manager since Child’s initial placement,

detailed DHS’s involvement with Mother and Child. She testified that DHS

received a General Protective Services (GPS) report in January of 2020 that

Mother’s home did not have “any gas, any electric, [or] running water for

almost five to six months[,]” there was no food in the home, and Child “was

sleeping in the car.” N.T. at 10. The report also indicated that Mother was

using drugs, and Child “[p]resented late to school and unkept.” Id. Case

Manager Williams did not elaborate as to what services were provided to

Mother at that time. However, on December 9, 2020, DHS applied for, and

____________________________________________

4Child’s interests were represented by Child Advocate Aaron Mixon, Esquire,
and Guardian Ad Litem (GAL) James DeMarco, Esquire.

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was granted, an emergency order for protective custody of Child when Mother

was arrested for theft and trespassing. See id. at 10-11; DHS’s Application

for Order of Protective Custody at 2 (unpaginated). Child was placed in the

pre-adoptive foster home where he currently resides.            See N.T. at 19.

Although he was removed for a few months to kinship care, he returned to

the pre-adoptive foster home in April of 2021.5 See id.

        Mother was released from prison in February of 2021. See N.T. at 13.

On February 23, 2021, Child was adjudicated dependent and committed to

DHS. Id. at 11. Case Manager Williams stated that she prepared “single case

plans” for Mother, which she updated regularly. Id. at 13-14. She testified

Mother’s objectives, which have remained the same throughout Child’s

placement, were as follows:

        . . . to comply with CUA case management services, to comply
        with all court orders, which is a [Behavioral Health Services
        (BHS)] Eval[uation], CUA dual assessment and random[ drug
        screenings], . . . [a referral to Achieving Reunification Center
        (ARC)] for parenting, housing, and employment, supervised visits
        at [C]hild’s discretion once a week in person at that time, and to
        obtain and maintain employment and to provide a lease for
        housing.

Id. at 14. Case Manager Williams testified that the only objective with which

Mother was compliant was visitation. Id.         Although she was provided with a

copy of her objectives and received the pertinent referrals, Mother failed to

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5   Child’s kinship care was with a maternal cousin. See N.T. at 26.

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schedule any evaluations or avail herself of any services. Id. at 15, 30. She

also did not provide adequate proof of housing or employment.6 Id.at 15.

       Case Manager Williams explained that Mother was generally consistent

with supervised visitations, and the visits she personally supervised were

“good.” N.T. at 15-16, 27, 39. However, both his foster parents and kinship

caregivers noticed that Child would “act out behaviorally when he returned . .

. home” after his visits. Id. at 26. Child indicated that Mother “told him to

do stuff[,]” such as “drag[ging]” the kinship caregiver’s daughter, although

Mother denied that allegation. Id.

       In May of 2021, Mother was “removed from the visitation list” because

she missed three consecutive visits. N.T. at 27, 35. Also around that time,

Mother’s in-person visits were suspended due to an “altercation where

[M]other tried to remove [C]hild” from the agency, and the police were called.

Id. at 35. Mother was late to that visit and was “really upset” because it was

going to be cancelled. Id. After that incident, Mother’s visits were virtual.

Id.   Case Manager Williams stated that Mother missed a “few” of the virtual

visits because she tried to log on late (past the 15-minute grace period) or

she failed to confirm the visit 48 hours in advance. Id. at 36.
____________________________________________

6  Under cross-examination, Case Manager Williams acknowledged that
although Mother was employed, she failed to provide the requested
documentation of her employment. N.T. at 33. The case manager also
conceded that Mother was “staying in” her paramour’s house, but explained
that it was not appropriate for Child. Id. at 33-34 (explaining there were
“derogatory sayings” written “all over the walls[,]” the ceiling was falling down
in the bathroom, the basement was inaccessible, the sleeping arrangements
were “improper,” and “there was no heat in the home”).

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      In August of 2021, Mother was arrested for murder, and has remained

incarcerated since that time.    N.T. at 16.   Following her arrest, the court

determined visitation would be at the discretion of Child’s therapist, and the

therapist did not “make a recommendation” for visitation. See id. at 27-28.

Case Manager Williams also confirmed that Child did not want to visit Mother

after her incarceration.   See id. at 40.   Subsequently, on June 23, 2022,

Mother entered an open guilty plea to charges of third-degree murder and

possessing an instrument of crime. See id. at 17, Exhibit DHS-5 (Mother’s

criminal docket).   In September of 2022, she was sentenced to serve an

aggregate term of 7½ to 17 years’ imprisonment. Id.

      Case Manager Williams confirmed that Child’s foster parents provide

Child with “love, stability, safety, and support” and meet all of his “emotional,

medical, educational, developmental and daily needs[.]” N.T. at 20. She also

testified that his foster mother “share[s] his primary parent child bond[.]” Id.

With regard to Mother, Case Manager Williams described her relationship with

Child as “[s]trained.” Id. at 21. She stated: “I don’t think that he looks to

her for any care or safety. When I speak to him he doesn’t really want to talk

about [Mother].” Id. Case Manager Williams reported that Child told her that

although he would like to visit with his extended family, “he does not want to

reside with them” and “he would like to be adopted.”          Id. at 22.   Child

Advocate Attorney Mixon confirmed that he spoke with Child in August of

2021, and Child confirmed that he “did understand adoption” ─ which Child

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described as “[l]iving with [his foster family] forever” ─ and he wanted to be

adopted by his foster parents. Id. at 57-58 (quotation marks omitted).

      Case Manager Williams opined that a goal change to adoption and

termination of Mother’s parental rights was in Child’s best interest to “establish

permanency” and “a sense of belonging.” N.T. at 23-24. She also opined that

termination would not result in “irreparable harm” to Child, and that Child did

not have a bond with Mother “at this point[.]” Id. at 20-21, 23.

      Mother testified at the termination hearing and explained that she

participated in an anger management program during her first stint in jail

(December 2020 until February 2021) but was unable to complete it before

she was released.    N.T. at 42-43.     She described her visits with Child as

“lovable” and “emotional.”     Id. at 44.   Mother stated that “for him to be

snatched away from [her] was very traumatic for him as well as it was for

[her].” Id.    She claimed she was late for visitation appointments because

she worked in New Jersey and had explained that to Case Manager Williams.

Id. at 44-45. Mother also stated that she provided proof of employment via

text, i.e., screenshots of her paystubs. Id. at 45-46. She further claimed

that she cleaned up her house so that it would be appropriate for Child to

return, and that Case Manager Williams told her she “did a remarkable job[.]”

Id. at 47.

      With regard to the altercation during the May 2021 visit, Mother

acknowledged that she arrived 10 minutes late because she was coming from

work. N.T. at 49. Although Case Manager Williams permitted her to meet

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with Child in the lobby, Mother claimed that Child’s foster father “didn’t like

the fact that he still had to wait on [her.]” Id. at 49-50. She stated that she

was the one who called police for help, and she was not “trying to take [her]

son.” Id. at 50.

       Mother further testified that Child “never expressed to [her] that he

wanted to be adopted” or that he “didn’t want to live with [her] anymore.”

N.T. at 52. She acknowledged that her prison release date is February 13,

2029, but that she hoped she could complete programs to receive an “early

release.” Id.

       At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court stated that it found Case

Manager Williams’ testimony “credible” and that Mother failed to comply with

“any of her single case plan objectives outside of visits with [C]hild while she

was out of custody until August of 2021” or while in prison from August 2021

until the date of the hearing. N.T. at 64-65. Thus, the court determined DHS

met its burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that termination

was in Child’s best interest pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and

(8), and (b).      Id. at 65-66.       That same day, the trial court entered a

permanency review order changing Child’s goal from reunification to adoption,

and a decree involuntarily terminating Mother’s parental rights to Child. These

timely appeals follow.7

____________________________________________

7 Mother filed a separate notice of appeal from each order, accompanied by
identical concise statements of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                           -8-
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       Mother raises the following three issues for our review:

       1. Did the [trial] court . . . err in finding that [DHS] had met its
          burden in proving grounds for termination of parental rights
          under 23 Pa.C.S.[ ]§ 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and (8)?

       2. Did the [trial] court . . . err in finding that DHS had met its
          burden to prove that termination would be in [C]hild’s best
          interests, under § 2511(b)[?]

       3. Did the [trial] court . . . err when it found that DHS by clear
          and convincing evidence had met its burden to change [C]hild’s
          goal to adoption?

Mother’s Brief at 5.8

       Mother’s first two issues challenge the trial court’s decree involuntarily

terminating her parental rights to Child. Our review of a termination decree

is well-settled:

             In cases concerning the involuntary termination of parental
       rights, appellate review is limited to a determination of whether
       the decree of the termination court is supported by competent
       evidence. This standard of review corresponds to the standard
____________________________________________

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) (in a family fast track appeal, concise statement “shall
be filed and served with the notice of appeal”).

      We note that Mother’s concise statement does not present any challenge
to the goal change order. See Mother’s Concise Statement of Matters
Complained of on Appeal, 12/9/22, at 1-2 (unpaginated). Moreover, she
presents two claims in the concise statement that she does not address in her
brief ─ (1) Mother was not properly served with notice of the termination
hearing, and (2) Mother’s due process rights were violated. See id. Thus,
we conclude she has abandoned these issues on appeal.

8 DHS filed an appellee brief opposing Mother’s claims. Child’s GAL Attorney
DeMarco, did not submit a responsive brief, but rather filed a letter indicating
that he joined the brief filed by DHS. See Letter, 3/31/23. Child Advocate
Attorney Mixon did not respond to Mother’s appeal, although he advocated for
the termination of her parental rights at the hearing. See N.T., at 64.

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      employed in dependency cases, and requires appellate courts to
      accept the findings of fact and credibility determinations of the
      trial court if they are supported by the record, but it does not
      require the appellate court to accept the lower court’s inferences
      or conclusions of law. That is, if the factual findings are supported,
      we must determine whether the trial court made an error of law
      or abused its discretion. An abuse of discretion does not result
      merely because the reviewing court might have reached a
      different conclusion; we reverse for an abuse of discretion only
      upon demonstration of manifest unreasonableness, partiality,
      prejudice, bias, or ill will. Thus, absent an abuse of discretion, an
      error of law, or insufficient evidentiary support for the trial court's
      decision, the decree must stand. We have previously emphasized
      our deference to trial courts that often have first-hand
      observations of the parties spanning multiple hearings. However,
      [w]e must employ a broad, comprehensive review of the record in
      order to determine whether the trial court’s decision is supported
      by competent evidence.

In re Adoption of C.M., 255 A.3d 343, 358–59 (Pa. 2021) (citations &

quotation marks omitted).

      Section 2511 of the Adoption Act governs the involuntary termination of

parental rights and requires the trial court to conduct a bifurcated analysis.

See 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511.

      Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party
      seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing evidence
      that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory grounds for
      termination delineated in [Subs]ection 2511(a). Only if the court
      determines that the parent’s conduct warrants termination of his
      or her parental rights does the court engage in the second part of
      the analysis pursuant to [Subs]ection 2511(b): determination of
      the needs and welfare of the child under the standard of best
      interests of the child. One major aspect of the needs and welfare
      analysis concerns the nature and status of the emotional bond
      between parent and child, with close attention paid to the effect
      on the child of permanently severing any such bond.

In re Adoption of J.N.M., 177 A.3d 937, 942 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation

omitted). In recognition of the “the significant gravity” of the termination of

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parental rights, as well as its “far-reaching and intentionally irreversible

consequences[,] . . . the burden of proof is upon the party seeking termination

to establish by clear and convincing evidence the existence of the statutory

grounds for doing so.” In re Adoption of C.M., 255 A.3d at 358 (citation &

quotation marks omitted).

      [C]lear and convincing evidence is defined as testimony that is so
      clear, direct, weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of fact
      to come to a clear conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of
      the precise facts in issue.

Id. (citation & quotation marks omitted).

      In the present case, the trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights

pursuant to Subsections 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). See Decree of

Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights, 11/9/22, at 1-2; Trial Ct. Op. at

7. However, in order to affirm the termination of parental rights, we need

only agree with the trial court’s decision as to any one subsection of Section

2511(a), as well as subsection (b). See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384

(Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc).        Accordingly, we confine our analysis to

Subsection 2511(a)(2) and (b).

      Subsection 2511(a)(2) provides for the termination of parental rights

upon proof of the following:

      The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal
      of the parent has caused the child to be without essential parental
      care, control or subsistence necessary for his physical or mental
      well-being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse,
      neglect or refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent.

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23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(2). If the court determines termination is warranted

under subsection (a), it must then consider the needs and welfare of the child

under subsection (b):

      The court in terminating the rights of a parent shall give primary
      consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs
      and welfare of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be
      terminated solely on the basis of environmental factors such as
      inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and medical
      care if found to be beyond the control of the parent. With respect
      to any petition filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the
      court shall not consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the
      conditions described therein which are first initiated subsequent
      to the giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(b).

      Relevant herein, we note that the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held

that a parent’s incarceration,

      while not a litmus test for termination, can be determinative of
      the question of whether a parent is incapable of providing
      “essential parental care, control or subsistence” and the length of
      the remaining confinement can be considered as highly relevant
      to whether “the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse,
      neglect or refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent,”
      sufficient to provide grounds for termination pursuant to
      [Subsection] 2511(a)(2).

In re Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817, 830 (Pa. 2012) (citations omitted).

Nevertheless, a parent’s incarceration itself is not determinative. Rather, as

noted above, a trial court must also consider the child’s needs and welfare

under Subsection 2511(b). Thus, the Supreme Court has explained that “trial

courts must carefully review the individual circumstances for every child to

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determine, inter alia, how a parent’s incarceration will factor into an

assessment of the child’s best interest.” Id. at 830-31.

      Turning to Mother’s first issue on appeal, she contends that DHS failed

to establish, by clear and convincing evidence, grounds for the involuntarily

termination of her parental rights under Subsection 2511(a). See Mother’s

Brief at 12. Although she addresses each of the statutory subsections, we will

focus on her argument concerning Subsection (a)(2).              First, Mother

emphasizes that under Subsection 2511(a)(2), at trial court is permitted to

consider any efforts she made after the termination petition was filed “to

remedy the conditions described therein[.]” Id. at 14. Her entire argument

regarding subsection (a)(2) is as follows:

            In many instances, Mother did initiate such efforts. Mother
      did make progress with her objectives. And if the law permits the
      court to consider efforts, even when initiated after notice that
      the [termination p]etition has been filed, then a fortiori, there is
      no requirement that the efforts be completed at some arbitrary
      date.

           DHS failed to prove by “clear and convincing” evidence that
      grounds exist to terminate parental rights, under § 2511(a)(2).

Id. at 14. Mother does not state what “efforts” she “initiated” to meet her

objectives either before or after the termination petition was filed, nor does

she provide any citations to the hearing testimony. See id.

      Upon our review, we conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion

in finding grounds for termination under Subsection 2511(a)(2). First, it is

evident that the “repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal

of [Mother] caused [C]hild to be without essential care, control or subsistence

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necessary for his physical or mental well-being[.]”        See 23 Pa.C.S. §

2511(a)(2). Indeed, Mother does not even argue to the contrary.

      Child was initially removed from Mother’s care in December of 2020,

when Mother was arrested and imprisoned for theft. See DHS’s Application

for Order of Protective Custody at 2 (unpaginated).      At the time, Mother’s

home did not have any food, electricity or running water, and Child was

sleeping in the car.   See N.T. at 10.   Although Mother was released from

custody in February of 2021, she failed to comply with any of her case plan

objectives, other than visitation with Child. See id. at 13-15. Her in-person

visits ceased, however, in May of 2021, after she tried to leave with Child. Id.

at 35. In August of 2021, Mother was, once again, arrested and incarcerated

on a charge of murder. Id. at 16. Thus, Mother’s incarceration, as well as

her refusal to comply with her service plan objectives, has left Child without

essential care. See 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(2).

      To the extent Mother argues that the cause of her incapacity or neglect

can be remedied within a reasonable period of time, we disagree.          First,

Mother failed to make any progress toward her reunification goals before her

August 2021 arrest. In fact, the trial court commented that Mother “took no

accountability for her actions and blamed others for” her missed visits and the

May 2021 altercation that led to cessation of in-person visits. See Trial Ct.

Op. at 13. Presently, Mother is serving a minimum term of 7½ to 17 years’

imprisonment, with a minimum release date of February 13, 2029. See N.T.

at 16-17, 52, Exhibit DHS-5 (Mother’s criminal docket). At that time, Child

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will be nearly 17 years old.           While Mother maintains that “there is no

requirement that [her] efforts [towards meeting her reunification objective]

be completed at some arbitrary date[,]”9 we emphasize that “[p]arental rights

are not preserved by waiting for a more suitable or convenient time to perform

one’s parental responsibilities while others provide the child with his or her

physical and emotional needs.” See Interest of K.M.W., 238 A.3d 465, 474

(Pa. Super. 2020) (en banc) (citation & quotation marks omitted). Indeed, it

is axiomatic that a parent must make “diligent efforts” and “utilize all

resources” to preserve and maintain her relationship with her child. See id.

(citations omitted). Accordingly, we conclude the record supports the trial

court’s determination that DHS presented clear and convincing evidence to

support     termination     of   Mother’s      parental   rights   under   Subsection

2511(a)(2).10

        In her second issue, Mother contends DHS failed to provide clear and

convincing evidence that termination was warranted under Subsection

2511(b).     See Mother’s Brief at 16.          She insists “there was insufficient

evidence that the bond between [C]hild and . . . Mother has been broken[,]”

and “inadequate testimony concerning the likely effect . . . severing any bond”

____________________________________________

9   Mother’s Brief at 14 (emphasis omitted).

10 Because we conclude termination was warranted under Subsection
2511(a)(2), we need not consider Mother’s arguments regarding the lack of
evidence supporting termination under Subsections (a)(1), (5), and (8). See
In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d at 384.

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would have on Child. Id. at 17. Mother maintains the facts of her case are

similar to In re T.F., 847 A.2d 738 (Pa. Super. 2004).

     The trial court provided the following analysis with regard to termination

under Subsection 2511(b):

            In regard to 2511(b) and the best interest of [Child, Case
     Manager] Williams testified that [Child] is currently placed in a
     preadoptive home though New Foundations since April 2, 2021.
     She testified that [Child] has established close personal
     relationships with his current caregivers which is the resource
     parent, her husband, and their daughter.            [Case Manager]
     Williams further testified that the [foster] mother and father
     provide [Child] with love, stability, safety, and support and that
     they meet all of his emotional, medical, educational,
     developmental, and daily needs.          [Case Manager] Williams
     testified that at this point [Child] shares his primary parent child
     bond with the current caregivers. There is no parent child bond
     between [Child] and his Mother according to [Case Manager]
     Williams and she described the relationship as “strained” as
     [Child] does not look to Mother for any care or safety. [Case
     Manager] Williams further testified that Mother does not meet any
     of [Child’s] emotional, medical, educational, developmental, or
     daily needs and has not done so at all during the life of this case.
     [Case Manager] Williams has no concerns in regard to the current
     caregiver. [Child] told [her] that he wishes to remain in his
     current setting and would like to be adopted. [Child] wants to
     visit with his family but does not want to reside with them. The
     Child Advocate, Aaron Mixon, Esq., also testified at trial that
     [Child] indicated to him when he last met with [Child] on August
     12, 2022, that [Child] wishes to remain with his current caregivers
     forever because [Child] understands that to be adoption.

           The most recent time that [Case Manager] Williams saw
     [Child] was November 8, 2022. He was safe and his basic needs
     were being met. [Case Manager] Williams testified that she
     believed that it was in the best interest of [Child] to terminate the
     rights of Mother and any father of [Child] so that permanency and
     a sense of belonging could be established for him. [She] did not
     believe that the termination of parental rights of Mother or
     unknown father would cause any irreparable harm to [Child].

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      [Further, Case Manager] Williams believed that it is in the best
      interest of [Child] to change his goal to adoption.

            The Court found credible the testimony from [Case
      Manager] Williams regarding the close bond between [Child] with
      the current caregivers, that they are meeting all of his needs and
      that there is no bond between Mother and [Child]. The Court also
      found credible the testimony from [Case Manager] Williams and
      [Child Advocate] Mixon that [Child] wishes to remain in his current
      placement and to be adopted by the current caregivers.
      Consequently, the termination of Mother’s parental rights would
      be in the best interest of [C]hild pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.[ ] §
      2511(b). Additionally, termination of parental rights would not
      have a detrimental effect on the developmental, physical and
      emotional needs of [Child].

Trial Ct. Op. at 15-16 (record citations omitted).

      Upon our review, we agree with the determination of the trial court that

DHS presented sufficient clear and convincing evidence to support termination

of Mother’s parental rights under Subsection 2511(b). Contrary to Mother’s

assertion, Case Manager Williams ─ who has been involved in the matter since

Child’s initial placement ─ testified that Child no longer has a bond with

Mother, and that termination of her parental rights would not be detrimental

to him.    See N.T. at 20-21, 23.          Rather, Child has “close personal

relationships” with his foster family, who provide him with all of his “emotional,

medical, educational, developmental, and daily needs.” Id. at 20. Child has

expressed his desire to be adopted by his foster parents to both Case Manager

Williams and Child Advocate Mixon.       See id. at 22, 57-58.     Further, Case

Manager Williams testified that Child’s primary parent child bond is with his

foster mother. Id. at 20. The trial court specifically credited her testimony.

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See id. at 64; Trial Ct. Op. at 16. See also In re Adoption of C.M., 255

A.3d at 358.

      We also conclude that Mother’s reliance on In re T.F. is misplaced. In

that case, the trial court involuntarily terminated the mother’s parental rights

to her two children. See In re T.F., 847 A.2d at 740-41. A panel of this

Court reversed on appeal, concluding that the trial “court’s analysis with

regard to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the

children [was] lacking.” Id. at 743. Although the trial court concluded that

the children were adjusting well to their foster homes, the panel found nothing

in the record to support that determination. Id. Moreover, the panel noted:

      [T]here is no discussion about bonding or a lack thereof between
      the children and Mother, or between the children themselves.
      Nothing was submitted into evidence about the children’s health,
      their schooling and whether or not they are content in their
      surroundings. Therefore, we have no way of knowing what effect
      the termination of Mother’s parental rights will have on the
      children. Nor can we conclude that the trial court’s conclusion is
      based on any evidence in the record.

Id.

      Conversely, in the present case, Case Manager Williams explicitly

testified that Child no longer had a bond with Mother, and that Child looked

to his foster family for all of his physical and emotional needs. See N.T. at

20-21. Further, Child ─ who was 10 years old at the time of the hearing ─

expressed to both Case Manager Williams and Child Advocate Mixon his desire

to be adopted by his foster family. See id. at 22, 57-58. Thus, unlike In re

T.F., the trial court’s ruling in the case sub judice is supported by the

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testimony presented at the termination hearing. Accordingly, Mother’s second

claim fails.

      In her final claim, Mother argues that the trial court’s order changing

Child’s placement goal from reunification to adoption was not supported by

clear and convincing evidence.    Mother’s Brief at 19.   However, given our

disposition affirming the termination decree, Mother’s argument concerning

the goal charge order is moot. Therefore, we need not review this claim. See

In re Adoption of A.H., 247 A.3d 439, 446 (Pa. Super. 2021) (“[T]he effect

of [a] decision to affirm [an] orphans’ court’s termination decree necessarily

renders moot [a] dependency court’s decision to change [a c]hild’s goal to

adoption.”), appeal denied, 258 A.3d 1144 (Pa. 2021).

      Based on the foregoing, we affirm the decree terminating Mother’s

parental rights and dismiss as moot Mother’s appeal from the order changing

Child’s permanency goal to adoption.

      Termination decree affirmed. Appeal from goal change order dismissed.

Jurisdiction relinquished.

       Judge Dubow Did Not Participate in the consideration or decision of
this case.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/31/2023

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