Court Opinion

ID: 4168227
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-05-12 21:05:28.627955+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:38:37.577604
License: Public Domain

Filed 5/12/17
                          CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION

                IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                             FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                     DIVISION ONE

In re A.V., a Person Coming Under the
Juvenile Court Law.
THE PEOPLE,
        Plaintiff and Respondent,                 A148307
v.
A.V.,                                             (Sonoma County
                                                  Super. Ct. No. J-38094)
        Defendant and Appellant.

                                    INTRODUCTION
        This case presents a question of statutory interpretation: Whether, under Welfare
and Institutions Code section 786,1 a ward’s compliance with his or her probation can be
satisfactory for dismissal purposes, and yet unsatisfactory for record-sealing purposes.
We hold it cannot. The court has the discretion under section 786 to find the ward has or
has not substantially complied with his probation so as to be deemed to have
satisfactorily completed it; but if the court finds the ward in substantial compliance so
that he or she has satisfactorily completed probation, the court must dismiss the petition
and seal the ward’s records in accordance with the statute. We remand this matter to the
juvenile court for sealing of A.V.’s juvenile records, as specified in section 786.

        1
         Unless otherwise indicated, all further statutory references are to the Welfare and
Institutions Code.
              INTEGRATED STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS
       In September 2014, the Sonoma County District Attorney filed a section 602
wardship petition charging minor A.V., age 15, with felony possession of marijuana for
sale and misdemeanor possession of concentrated cannabis. (Health & Saf. Code,
§§ 11359, 11357, subd. (a).) Three juveniles were caught with hash oil and an electronic
vapor cigarette on their high school campus. One of the juveniles told the police he
bought them from A.V. When questioned by police, A.V. admitted he sold the items to
his classmate. He later admitted to probation he used marijuana regularly.
       A.V. admitted the truth of the allegations with the understanding the court would
consider placing him on deferred entry of judgment (DEJ) probation. At disposition, the
court placed A.V. on DEJ probation on the conditions, among others, that he complete
150 hours of community service work, write a 1,000-word essay about the effects of
marijuana on the adolescent brain, refrain from using or possessing alcohol or drugs,
particularly marijuana, and participate in and complete outpatient substance abuse
counseling.
       On March 2, 2015, probation filed a report indicating that A.V. was regularly
attending school, passing all of his classes, had zero disciplinary referrals, was actively
working towards completion of his community service hours and was attending an
alcohol and drug offender class. He had tested negative for intoxicating substances since
his review hearing in December 2014.
       Then, on March 4 and 17, probation filed notices of noncompliance, alleging A.V.
violated his DEJ probation by using marijuana and cocaine. On March 2, he tested
positive for THC and cocaine. He also tested positive for THC on March 18. On April 1,
2015, probation reported that A.V. admitted he had smoked some marijuana he had
acquired before he was placed on probation, because he was depressed about a medical
diagnosis he had received. He was unsure why he tested positive for cocaine, because he
did not use cocaine. His mother confirmed the medical diagnosis and depression. In

                                              2
other respects, A.V. was in compliance with his probation. He had completed the drug
and alcohol offender class through California Offender Program Services, had submitted
the essay as directed by the court, and had begun Interactive Journaling.
       On April 9, 2015, the court vacated deferred entry of judgment, imposed
judgment, declared A.V. a ward of the court, and placed him on juvenile probation on the
same and additional conditions of probation, including fines and DNA testing. The court,
Judge Hardcastle presiding, stated: “[Y]ou still have an opportunity to successfully
complete probation. If you do that, you will then have to petition the court for a sealing
of the records at the appropriate time. It won’t be done automatically, as it would have
been done before. So it’s not the end of the world. You still have a chance, as I say, to
get it sealed, but that depends on 100 percent compliance.”
       On April 20, 2015, the probation department filed a notice of probation violation
(§ 777) alleging that A.V. used marijuana and violated his 7:00 p.m. curfew and the terms
of his community detention, by testing positive for marijuana on April 9, 2015, and
leaving his house in the middle of the night while on community detention. This resulted
in A.V.’s first experience in juvenile hall, where he had no negative behavioral reports
and excelled in sports activities. A.V. attributed his marijuana use to stress and the
influence of his current peer group, from which he intended to disassociate himself. Due
to A.V.’s “record of successfully completing probation programs, excellent reports from
his school, and his family support network,” the probation department’s screening
committee unanimously agreed that home removal would not be appropriate at this time.
       On April 21, 2015, A.V. admitted a probation violation. On May 5, 2015, the
juvenile court reinstated probation on the same and additional terms and conditions,
including that A.V. spend 30 to 45 days in juvenile hall.
       On October 19, 2015, the probation department filed a notice of probation
violation (§ 777) alleging that A.V. used marijuana on October 12 and was cited by

                                             3
police for possessing marijuana on school grounds on October 16. On October 20, 2015,
A.V. admitted he violated his probation.
       On November 18, 2015, probation reported that since October 20, 2015, A.V. had
followed his court-ordered conditions of probation and abided by his parents’ directives.
He was helpful around the house and respectful to his parents. He was a junior in high
school, was passing all of his classes, and did not have any tardies, unexcused absences,
or behavioral referrals. He had completed Interactive Journaling, and spent most of his
summer break successfully completing 150 hours of community service. He had
competed three weekends of weekend work crew and was attending drug and alcohol
counseling once a week. He had submitted two chemical tests since October 19; both
showed diminishing levels of THC.
       On November 23, 2015, the court, Judge Hardcastle presiding, commended A.V.
on his progress. “All right. [A.], this is the kind of report we want to see. This is great.
I’m glad to see you’re doing so well at school, getting tested, testing clean. You’ve done
your community service and everything else we’ve thrown at you. Now we want a
period of no violations.” “If you continue the good behavior you had from the last VOP
to this date going forward, I think you will end up with a dismissal in February. But you
have to show us you can do it for more than a couple months.” The court continued A.V.
as a ward, reinstated his probation, with all prior orders remaining in effect, and
continued the matter to February 2016 for review.
       In February 2016, probation reported on A.V.’s progress. A.V. had completed all
of his conditions of probation, including 150 hours of community service, Interactive
Journaling, and substance abuse counseling. A.V. spent his free time with his girlfriend
and applying for jobs. His mother described his behavior at home as “exceptional.”
Since A.V.’s last hearing in November 2015, he had submitted five chemical tests, all of
them negative for intoxicating substances. He had no disciplinary issues or unexcused
absences at school. However, his grades had suffered. He had one A, three Ds and was

                                              4
failing English and algebra. On February 19, 2016, the court expressed overall
satisfaction with the report but continued the matter to April for evidence of improved
grades.
       On April 25, 2016, probation reported that A.V. had brought his F in English up to
a D. He now had one C, four Ds and an F in algebra. A.V. reported he was working
toward improving his grades so he could return to his high school of choice in the fall.
He had no disciplinary issues or unexcused absences. Mother continued to find A.V.
well behaved and helpful at home. He walked the family dog almost daily, cleaned the
pool, and worked from 5:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. as a dishwasher at a local restaurant
several nights a week. Since the last hearing in February, A.V. had submitted six more
chemical tests, all negative for intoxicating substances. The probation department
recommended “that all proceedings be dismissed” because A.V. had “completed all of his
Court ordered obligations, has continued to submit chemical tests negative for
intoxicating substances, and is now actively employed.”
       On April 29, 2016, A.V.’s attorney asked the court to follow probation’s
recommendation to dismiss the petition and requested the sealing of A.V.’s records. The
court, Judge Gnoss presiding, agreed to dismiss the proceedings. The court asked for the
People’s and the probation department’s “position regarding [section] 786. And what the
Court would have to find is he, substantially, complied with the conditions of his
Probation.” The court officer from probation did not oppose sealing, saying, “Your
Honor, we’ll leave it to the discretion of the Court.” The prosecutor objected, given the
fact that A.V.’s DEJ was “lifted” and A.V. then sustained two probation violations. The
court agreed with the prosecutor and refused to seal the records, advising A.V., “I’m not
trying to . . . say that you didn’t do well on Probation. And as soon as you turn 18, you
can petition the Court under [section] 781 to have this record sealed. It’s not the
automatic sealing under [section] 786. [¶] . . . [¶] So but the proceedings are dismissed
today though; okay.”

                                             5
                                        DISCUSSION
       At the section 786 hearing on April 29, 2016, the court dismissed the petition but
refused to order sealed A.V.’s juvenile records, citing A.V.’s failure on DEJ supervision
and two violations of his juvenile probation as demonstrating a lack of “substantial
compliance.” The trial court’s ruling raises a question of statutory interpretation:
whether, under section 786, a ward’s compliance with his or her probation can be
satisfactory for dismissal purposes, and yet unsatisfactory for record-sealing purposes.
       We apply the usual rules of statutory construction to answer this question. “[O]ur
primary task is to determine the lawmakers’ intent. [Citation.] . . . To determine intent,
‘ “The court turns first to the words themselves for the answer.” ’ [Citations.] ‘If the
language is clear and unambiguous there is no need for construction, nor is it necessary to
resort to indicia of the intent of the Legislature (in the case of a statute). . . .’ ” (Delaney
v. Superior Court (1990) 50 Cal. 3d 785, 798.) “We give the language of the statute its
‘usual, ordinary import and accord significance, if possible, to every word, phrase and
sentence in pursuance of the legislative purpose. A construction making some words
surplusage is to be avoided. The words of the statute must be construed in context,
keeping in mind the statutory purpose . . . . Both the legislative history of the statute and
the wider historical circumstances of its enactment may be considered in ascertaining the
legislative intent.’ ” (Kane v. Hurley (1994) 30 Cal. App. 4th 859, 862, quoting Dyna–
Med, Inc. v. Fair Employment & Housing Com. (1987) 43 Cal. 3d 1379, 1386–1387.) In
addition, “ ‘[w]e must harmonize “the various parts of a statutory enactment . . . by
considering the particular clause or section in the context of the statutory framework as a
whole.” [Citations.] We must also avoid a construction that would produce absurd
consequences, which we presume the Legislature did not intend.’ ” (In re Greg F. (2012)
55 Cal. 4th 393, 406.)
       Section 786 authorizes the juvenile court to employ a streamlined, court-initiated
procedure for dismissing juvenile delinquency petitions and sealing juvenile records in

                                                6
the custody of the juvenile court, law enforcement agencies, the probation department,
and the Department of Justice, when a ward “satisfactorily completes” probation or
supervision, as long as the offense is not one listed in section 707, subdivision (b).
(§ 786, subds. (a), (d).) Upon the court’s order dismissing the petition, the ward’s arrest
and other proceedings in the case “shall be deemed not to have occurred,” allowing him
or her to inform employers, educational institutions, or other persons that he or she has
had no arrests or delinquency proceedings. (§ 786, subd. (b).) “Satisfactory completion”
of probation or supervision has occurred if the person has no new findings of wardship,
or a felony conviction, or a misdemeanor conviction involving moral turpitude, and he or
she “has not failed to substantially comply with the reasonable orders of supervision or
probation that are within his or her capacity to perform.” (§ 786, subd. (c)(1).) Failure to
pay restitution or restitution fines does not constitute “unsatisfactory completion.” (§
786, subd. (c)(2), italics added.) The court is also authorized to seal and dismiss records
relating to prior petitions that “appear to the satisfaction of the court to meet the sealing
and dismissal criteria” described above and, upon request by an individual, to seal a
record pertaining to an eligible record, “if the court determines that sealing the additional
record will promote the successful reentry and rehabilitation of the individual.” (§786,
subds. (e)(1), (e)(2).) The balance of the statute sets forth the circumstances under which
authorized persons and entities may access sealed records (§ 786, subds. (f)(1), (f)(2)),
provisions related to the enforcement of victim restitution orders (§ 786, subds. (g)(1),
(g)(2)) and reporting requirements (§ 786, subd. (h)), and charges the Judicial Council
with promulgating rules and forms “providing for the standardized implementation of this
section by the juvenile courts” (§ 786, subd. (i)).2

       2
        As relevant here, section 786 provides: “(a) If a person who has been alleged or
found to be a ward of the juvenile court satisfactorily completes (1) an informal program
of supervision pursuant to Section 654.2, (2) probation under Section 725, or (3) a term
of probation for any offense, the court shall order the petition dismissed. The court shall
order sealed all records pertaining to the dismissed petition in the custody of the juvenile

                                               7
court, and in the custody of law enforcement agencies, the probation department, or the
Department of Justice. The court shall send a copy of the order to each agency and
official named in the order, direct the agency or official to seal its records, and specify a
date by which the sealed records shall be destroyed. Each agency and official named in
the order shall seal the records in its custody as directed by the order, shall advise the
court of its compliance, and, after advising the court, shall seal the copy of the court’s
order that was received. The court shall also provide notice to the person and the
person’s counsel that it has ordered the petition dismissed and the records sealed in the
case. The notice shall include an advisement of the person’s right to nondisclosure of the
arrest and proceedings, as specified in subdivision (b).
        “(b) Upon the court’s order of dismissal of the petition, the arrest and other
proceedings in the case shall be deemed not to have occurred and the person who was the
subject of the petition may reply accordingly to an inquiry by employers, educational
institutions, or other persons or entities regarding the arrest and proceedings in the case.
       “(c)(1) For purposes of this section, satisfactory completion of an informal
program of supervision or another term of probation described in subdivision (a) shall be
deemed to have occurred if the person has no new findings of wardship or conviction for
a felony offense or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude during the period of
supervision or probation and if he or she has not failed to substantially comply with the
reasonable orders of supervision or probation that are within his or her capacity to
perform. The period of supervision or probation shall not be extended solely for the
purpose of deferring or delaying eligibility for dismissal of the petition and sealing of the
records under this section.
           “(2) An unfulfilled order or condition of restitution, including a restitution fine
that can be converted to a civil judgment under Section 730.6 or an unpaid restitution fee
shall not be deemed to constitute unsatisfactory completion of supervision or probation
under this section.
        “(d) A court shall not seal a record or dismiss a petition pursuant to this section if
the petition was sustained based on the commission of an offense listed in subdivision (b)
of Section 707 that was committed when the individual was 14 years of age or older
unless the finding on that offense was dismissed or was reduced to a lesser offense that is
not listed in subdivision (b) of Section 707.
       “(e)(1) The court may, in making its order to seal the record and dismiss the
instant petition pursuant to this section, include an order to seal a record relating to, or to
dismiss, any prior petition or petitions that have been filed or sustained against the
individual and that appear to the satisfaction of the court to meet the sealing and
dismissal criteria otherwise described in this section.” (Italics added.) The balance of
section 786 codifies the circumstances under which an authorized entity may access
sealed juvenile records.

                                               8
Legislative History of Section 786.
       Section 786 was added to the Welfare and Institutions Code in 2014 by Senate Bill
No. 1038. (Stats. 2014, ch. 249, §2, p. 2506.) According to the Legislative Counsel’s
Digest, in contrast to existing law, Senate Bill No. 1038 “would additionally require the
juvenile court to order the petition of a minor who is subject to the jurisdiction of the
court dismissed if the minor satisfactorily completes a term of probation, as specified”
and “would require the court to seal all records in the custody of the juvenile court
pertaining to that dismissed petition or a petition dismissed upon satisfactory completion
of a program of supervision.” (Legis. Counsel’s Dig., Sen. Bill No. 1038 (2013-2014
Reg. Sess.), italics added.)3 As the bill analysis of Senate Bill No. 1038 described it, the
bill provided for the “automatic dismissal” of juvenile petitions and the sealing of records
if the person “satisfactorily completes” an informal program of supervision or probation.
(Sen. Rules Com., Off. of Sen. Floor Analyses, Rep. on Sen. Bill No. 1038 (2013-2014
Reg. Sess.) as amended June 4, 2014, p. 1.)
       According to the bill analysis, Senate Bill No. 1038 was enacted to address a
“serious shortcoming of our juvenile justice system.” (Sen. Com. on Public Safety,
Analysis of Sen. Bill No. 1038 (2013-2014 Reg. Sess.) as amended Mar. 28, 2014, p. K.)

       3
         As originally enacted, section 786 provided: “If the minor satisfactorily
completes (a) an informal program of supervision pursuant to Section 654.2,
(b) probation under Section 725, or (c) a term of probation for any offense not listed in
subdivision (b) of Section 707, the court shall order the petition dismissed, and the arrest
upon which the judgment was deferred shall be deemed not to have occurred. The court
shall order sealed all records pertaining to that dismissed petition in the custody of the
juvenile court, except that the prosecuting attorney and the probation department of any
county shall have access to these records after they are sealed for the limited purpose of
determining whether the minor is eligible for deferred entry of judgment pursuant to
Section 790. The court may access a file that has been sealed pursuant to this section for
the limited purpose of verifying the prior jurisdictional status of a ward who is petitioning
the court to resume its jurisdiction pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 388. This
access shall not be deemed an unsealing of the record and shall not require notice to any
other entity.” (Stats. 2014, ch. 249, §2, p. 2506, italics added.)

                                              9
Because existing procedures under current law required the participation of the probation
department, the district attorney, and the court, the process for sealing juvenile records
often involved “lengthy delays as well as significant costs . . . .” (Ibid.) In addition,
“many youth are unaware of their right to seal their juvenile record, or are unable to
complete the process due to procedural, logistical or financial barriers.” (Ibid.) Senate
Bill No. 1038 sought to remedy the problem by “streamlining the process for sealing a
juvenile’s record . . . .” (Ibid.) “In doing so, this bill will further the dual purposes of the
juvenile justice system: rehabilitation and reintegration, by better ensuring that juveniles
have a clear pathway to clearing their records, when in compliance with existing statutory
and probationary requirements. The bill recognizes the established role of California’s
Juvenile Courts as institutions of reform, not punishment, and will help individuals with
juvenile records to find and hold jobs, and become fully functioning members of
society.” (Id. at pp. K–L; see Assem. Com. on Public Safety, Analysis of Assem. Bill
No. 666 (2015-2016 Reg. Sess.) as amended April 9, 2015, p. 7.)
       Section 786 was amended in 2015 by Assembly Bill Nos. 666 (Stats. 2015,
ch. 368, §1, p. 3442) and 989 (Stats. 2015, ch. 375; §1.5, p. 3465.) With respect to the
issue under consideration here, Assembly Bill No. 666 added section (c)(1), which
requires that “satisfactory completion” of supervision or probation “shall be deemed to
have occurred if the person has no new findings of wardship or conviction for a felony
offense or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude during the period of supervision or
probation and if he or she has not failed to substantially comply with the reasonable
orders of supervision or probation that are within his or her capacity to perform.” As
stated by its author, the goal of Assembly Bill No. 666 was to “ ‘reduce recidivism and
. . . open pathways to college and jobs for justice-loving youth whose criminal records
and histories stand in the way of employment and other re-entry opportunities.’ ”
(Assem. Com. on Public Safety, analysis of Assem. Bill No. 666, at p. 6.) To that end,
Senate Bill No. 1038 had “ ‘revised the central policy and process for the sealing and

                                              10
dismissal of charges in non-violent juvenile delinquency cases,’ ” but “ ‘in the past few
months experience in the courts has revealed implementation concerns. If passed AB 666
will provide for statewide standards for the courts and ensure access of youth to jobs and
higher education.’ ” (Assem. Com. on Public Safety, Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 666, at
p. 6.)
         The Assembly Committee report included comments by Commonweal, the bill’s
sponsor, expressing support for “ ‘better guidance to courts in determining what
constitutes “satisfactory completion” of probation or supervision under Section 786.’ ”
As relevant here, Commonweal recommended that “ ‘ “satisfactory completion” be
defined utilizing two criteria. First (drawing from . . . Section 781, the “older” sealing
statute) that the individual not have been adjudicated or convicted for a new felony or
misdemeanor involving moral turpitude during the period of supervision. Second, that
the person did not fail substantially to comply with the reasonable orders of probation
that were within his or her capacity to perform. This latter criterion is viewed as
providing a “passing grade” standard for “satisfactory” completion. Many probation
orders in delinquency cases are checklists of conditions that are difficult or impossible for
many adolescents to perform at an “A” grade level . . . . On occasion, children on
probation backslide by perhaps failing a drug test or skipping an appointment—but this
does not mean that they cannot or do not rebound to a level of satisfactory overall
performance. . . . [¶] Our goal, after all, is to support the re-entry, rehabilitation and
employability of juveniles having justice system histories, and not to impose lifetime
barriers to success based on probation performance criteria that are too rigid or unrealistic
from an adolescent development perspective.’ ” (Assem. Com. on Public Safety,
Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 666, at p. 10.)4

         4
        Assembly Bill No. 989 primarily addressed who may access sealed records, and
under what circumstances they may do so. (Stats. 2015, ch. 375, §1.5, p. 3465; see
generally Sen. Com. on Public Safety, Analysis of Assem. Bill No. 989 (2015-2016 Reg.

                                               11
The Language of Section 786 Does Not Permit the Juvenile Court to Use Two
Different Standards to Dismiss and Seal.
       “When referring to the completion of probation, judges and litigants often use the
terms ‘successful’ and ‘satisfactory’ interchangeably. But the terms are not always
interchangeable and even the same term can have different statutory definitions.
Differing statutes require that care be taken to identify the statute at issue, use the correct
statutory term, and apply the definition specific to that statute to avoid confusion as to the
nature of the court’s finding and its effect.” (In re J.G. (2016) 3 Cal.App.5th 521, 525.)
For example, successful completion of probation, for purposes of dismissal under Penal
Code section 1203.4, “requires that a defendant successfully complete every condition of
probation for ‘the entire period’ of probation.” (In re Timothy N. (2013) 216 Cal. App. 4th
725, 738.) By contrast, section 786 requires only “satisfactory completion” with
probation and, to underscore the point, specifically defines “satisfactory completion” as
“substantial compliance.” (§ 786, subd. (c)(1).) Substantial compliance is not perfect
compliance. Substantial compliance is commonly understood to mean “compliance with
the substantial or essential requirements of something (as a statute or contract) that
satisfies its purpose or objective even though its formal requirements are not complied
with.” (Merriam-Webster’s Dict. of Law ( (as of May 12, 2017).)
       “Welfare and Institutions Code section 786, particularly as amended, is a broadly
written statute, which requires sealing the records of certain juvenile offenders.” (In re
Joshua R. (2017) 7 Cal.App.5th 864, 868.) “Satisfactory completion of probation under
section 786 has significant benefits for a juvenile offender. A minor who satisfactorily
completes probation is entitled to have the petition of wardship dismissed and the records

Sess.) as amended Apr. 16, 2015.) Senate Bill No. 1171 made technical, nonsubstantive
changes to the statute. (Stats. 2016, ch. 86, § 312.) Assembly Bill No. 858 added
subdivision (H) and made some technical, nonsubstantive changes. (Stats. 2016, ch. 858,
§ 1.)

                                              12
pertaining to the petition sealed. (§ 786, subd. (a).) With satisfactory completion of
probation, ‘the arrest and other proceedings in the case shall be deemed not to have
occurred and the person who was the subject of the petition may reply accordingly to any
inquiry by employers, educational institutions,’ and others. (§ 786, subd. (b).)” (In re
J.G., supra, 3 Cal.App.5th at p. 525.)
       The language of section 786 is noteworthy in several respects. First, it
consistently uses the word “shall.” “If a person who has been alleged or found to be a
ward of the juvenile court satisfactorily completes [supervision or probation], the court
shall order the petition dismissed . . . [and] shall order sealed all records pertaining to the
dismissed petition . . . .” (§ 786, subd. (a), italics added.) “Upon the court’s order of
dismissal of the petition, the arrest and other proceedings in the case shall be deemed not
to have occurred . . . .” (§ 786, subd. (b), italics added.) “For purposes of this section,
satisfactory completion of [supervision or probation] shall be deemed to have occurred if
the person has not . . . failed to substantially comply with the reasonable orders of
supervision or probation . . . .” (§ 786, subd. (c)(1), italics added.) “The word ‘shall’ is
usually deemed mandatory, unless a mandatory construction would not be consistent with
the legislative purpose underlying the statute.” (West Shield Investigations & Security
Consultants v. Superior Court (2005) 82 Cal. App. 4th 935, 949, citing People v. Superior
Court (Zamudio) (2000) 23 Cal. 4th 183, 194.) Section 786 by its terms requires both
dismissal and sealing of the records upon a proper showing.
       It is noteworthy also that section 786 consistently uses the terms “dismiss” and
“seal” together. Subdivision (a) provides that “the court shall order the petition
dismissed. The court shall order sealed all records pertaining to the dismissed petition.”
(Italics added.) It states, in subdivision (b), that “[u]pon the court’s order of dismissal of
the petition, the arrest and other proceedings in the case shall be deemed not to have
occurred.” (Italics added.) Subdivision (d) provides that “[a] court shall not seal a record
or dismiss a petition pursuant to this section” in a section 707, subdivision (b) case.

                                              13
(Italics added.) Section 786, subdivision (e)(1) describes the court’s order to seal the
record and dismiss the petition as a single order. Finally, subdivision (c)(1) states that
“[f]or purposes of this section, satisfactory completion of an informal program of
supervision or another term of probation described in subdivision (a) shall be deemed to
have occurred if the person . . . has not failed to substantially comply with the reasonable
orders of supervision or probation that are within his or her capacity to perform.” (Italics
added.) The statute takes pains to define a standard for judicial action under the statute.
It defines only one standard. That standard is “satisfactory completion” of probation or
supervision, as measured by substantial compliance. In our view, the plain language of
section 786 supports the proposition that the court is required to use the same standard of
conduct to measure a ward’s satisfactory completion of probation, whether the decision is
to dismiss the petition or seal the records. Put differently, nothing in the statutory
language suggests that, under this statute, the court may apply a looser standard of
satisfactory completion or substantial compliance to measure whether a ward’s conduct
on probation warrants dismissal of the petition, and a stricter standard of satisfactory
completion or substantial compliance to measure whether sealing records pertaining to
the dismissed petition is warranted.
       Our conclusion is supported by the legislative purpose evidenced by the legislative
history. The procedure adopted in section 786 was perceived as an antidote to the more
cumbersome procedure for sealing dismissed petitions set forth in section 781. The
purpose of section 786 is to speed up and facilitate the reentry into mainstream society,
rehabilitation, and employability of juveniles with nonserious, nonviolent delinquency
histories. The entire purpose of the statute would be frustrated by interpreting the
statutory language to allow the juvenile court to use a lenient version of the substantial
compliance standard to dismiss a delinquency petition, and a stricter standard to delay the
sealing of the petition until a much later time under section 781. In our view, this is not
what the Legislature intended.

                                              14
       In this case, the court dismissed the petition based on its implicit conclusion that
A.V.’s performance on probation, while not perfect, was sufficient to justify the court’s
exercise of discretion in A.V.’s favor. That performance included both failed chemical
tests (four of them) early on and, as probation wore on, 14 passed chemical tests; good
grades and bad ones; completion of 150 hours of community service and a drug and
alcohol program; exemplary behavior at home and gainful employment after school.
Clearly, in the court’s discretionary estimation, A.V. had “substantially complied” with
the essential requirements of his probation, such that he had demonstrably achieved the
rehabilitative goals of probation. That implied finding was fully supported by substantial
evidence; it was not irrational or capricious on these facts, and did not constitute an abuse
of discretion.
       However, no greater showing under the statute was required to support the sealing
of A.V.’s petition. In other words, under section 786, if A.V.’s performance was good
enough to warrant dismissal of the petition, it was good enough to warrant the sealing of
the petition. By reaching this conclusion, we do not restrict the court’s discretion to find,
or not to find, that a ward before the court has satisfactorily completed his or her
probation. We hold only that, whichever way the juvenile court exercises its discretion, it
applies to dismissing and sealing the petition. Accordingly, the court erred in refusing to
seal A.V.’s petition here. “The remedy on appeal is to direct entry of the proper orders.”
(In re J.G., supra, 3 Cal.App.5th at p. 526.)

                                                15
                                      DISPOSITION
       The juvenile court’s order is reversed. The matter is remanded with directions to
issue an order under section 786, subdivision (a) dismissing the petition, finding
satisfactory completion of probation, and ordering sealed all records pertaining to the
dismissed petition in the custody of the juvenile court, law enforcement agencies, the
probation department, and the Department of Justice. The court shall provide a copy of
its order and notice of the order’s issuance consistent with the statute.

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                                         _________________________
                                         Dondero, J.

We concur:

_________________________
Humes, P. J.

_________________________
Margulies, J.

A148307 In re A.V./People v. A.V.

                                    17
Trial Court:         Sonoma County Superior Court

Trial Judge:         Hon. Kenneth J. Gnoss

Counsel:

       Sidney S. Hollar, under appointment by the Court of Appeal under the First
District Appellate Assistant Case System, for Defendant and Appellant

      Kathleen A. Kenealy, Acting Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler and Jeffrey M.
Laurence, Assistant Attorneys General, Donna M. Provenzano and Christina Vom Saal,
Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

A148307 In re A.V./People v. A.V

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