Court Opinion

ID: 6343780
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-05-25 15:04:53.787535+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:43:40.447400
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 21-0817
                               Filed May 25, 2022

MICHAEL ALEXANDER LAJEUNESSE,
     Applicant-Appellant,

vs.

STATE OF IOWA,
     Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________

      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Scott D. Rosenberg,

Judge.

      Michael Lajeunesse appeals the dismissal of his second application for

postconviction relief. AFFIRMED.

      Michael Lajeunesse, Anamosa, self-represented appellant.

      Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Louis S. Sloven, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee State.

      Considered by Bower, C.J., Vaitheswaran, J., and Danilson, S.J.*

      *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206

(2022).
                                        2

DANILSON, Senior Judge.

      Michael Lajeunesse appeals the dismissal of his second application for

postconviction relief (PCR). While his pro se brief on appeal is not a model of

clarity, he appears to argue the court erred in finding his claims of ineffective

assistance of criminal trial counsel in relation to prosecutorial misconduct1 and

“deceit and collusion”2 of counsel were procedurally barred by Iowa Code

section 822.8 (2019).

I.    Background Facts and Proceedings

      Lajeunesse was convicted of attempted murder and willful injury causing

serious injury. We affirmed on direct appeal. See State v. Lajeunesse, No. 17-

0507, 2018 WL 1099024, at *1–4 (Iowa Ct. App. Feb. 21, 2018). However, we

preserved various claims of ineffective assistance of counsel for PCR—including

a claim relating to prosecutorial misconduct and a claim that his counsel engaged

in “deceit and collusion”—because he did not sufficiently develop the claims.3 Id.

at *4–6.

      Lajeunesse filed his first PCR application in April 2018. In an amended

application, he claimed counsel was ineffective in relation to cross-examining the

victim and incorporated his claims he raised on direct appeal, which included his

claims relating to prosecutorial misconduct and collusion and deceit. A second

1 Based on Lajeunesse’s appellate brief, this claim appears to center around the
State’s alleged suppression of the complaining party’s medical records.
2 This claim appears to focus on his counsel’s supposed collusion with the State

surrounding the expert testimony of the medical examiner.
3 We affirmed on Lajeunesse’s subsequent challenge to the district court’s order

for restitution. See generally State v. Lajeunesse, No. 18-0263, 2018 WL 3912180
(Iowa Ct. App. Aug. 15, 2018).
                                          3

amended application only raised claims concerning effectiveness of trial and

appellate counsel in relation to the cross-examination of the complaining party and

the sufficiency of the evidence. In denying relief, the district court only considered

the claims raised in the second amended application. The court did not rule on his

claims relating to prosecutorial misconduct or collusion and deceit. Lajeunesse

appealed, and we affirmed. Lajeunesse v. State, No. 19-1715, 2022 WL 469408,

at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. Feb. 16, 2022). In doing so, we specifically noted Lajeunesse

moved for expanded findings relating to his pro se claims he raised on direct

appeal, but a notice of appeal was filed prior to any district court ruling on the

motion.4 See id. at *4 n.5. Lajeunesse raised those claims on appeal, but we

found error was not preserved for our review because a notice of appeal was filed

before the motion for expanded findings was ruled upon. See id.

       In December 2019, after the district court’s denial of Lajeunesse’s first

application, but well before we affirmed on appeal, Lajeunesse filed a second PCR

application, generically alleging ineffective assistance of his attorney in the first

PCR proceeding.       In a subsequent filing, Lajeunesse claimed ineffective

assistance of trial counsel, appellate counsel, restitution counsel, and appellate

restitution counsel. He also touched on the allegations of prosecutorial error and

“deceit and collusion.”

       In time, the State filed a motion to dismiss, arguing all of Lajeunesse’s

claims were procedurally barred as either litigated in the first action or not proper

4We note the September 2019 motion for expanded findings was filed pro se while
Lajeunesse was represented by counsel. See Iowa Code § 822.3A (Supp. 2019).
The notice of appeal was filed by counsel.
                                         4

claims in a PCR proceeding. While the State acknowledged Lajeunesse was also

claiming ineffective assistance of first PCR counsel, the State offered no reason

why that claim should be dismissed. The court agreed with the State that all of

Lajeunesse’s claims were procedurally barred and granted the motion to dismiss.

       Lajeunesse now appeals.

II.    Standard of Review

       We review the district court’s ruling on a motion to dismiss for correction of

errors at law.5 Thongvanh v. State, 938 N.W.2d 2, 8 (Iowa 2020).

III.   Analysis

       On appeal, Lajeunesse appears to argue the district court erred in

concluding his ineffective-assistance claims concerning prosecutorial misconduct

and deceit and collusion of counsel were procedurally barred.

       On direct appeal, as noted, Lajeunesse raised multiple other claims

including ineffective-assistance claims relating to prosecutorial misconduct and

“deceit and collusion” by defense counsel. See Lajeunesse, 2018 WL 1099024,

at *5. Because he did not sufficiently develop the claims, we preserved them for

a possible PCR proceeding. Id. at *6.6

5 It is apparent from our review of the State’s motion to dismiss and the court’s
ensuing ruling thereon that, in making its conclusions of law, the court essentially
adopted the State’s legal argument. Although the ruling is not a verbatim recitation
of the motion, it is eerily close. We therefore choose to scrutinize the record more
carefully in conducting our appellate review. See, e.g., NevadaCare, Inc. v. Dep’t
of Human Servs., 783 N.W.2d 459, 465 (Iowa 2010).
6 On direct appeal, we considered two issues relating to the sufficiency of the

evidence. Lajeunesse, 2018 WL 1099024, at *1–4. We preserved the following
claims for PCR: (1) counsel was ineffective by failing to obtain a toxicology expert,
(2) counsel was ineffective by failing to provide a more definitive challenge in
closing arguments, (3) cumulative error, (4) prosecutorial misconduct,
                                          5

       Lajeunesse raised some of these same claims during his first PCR

proceeding. However, with the aid of counsel, a second amended application for

PCR was filed on May 13, 2019, and two counts identified the issues—trial counsel

was ineffective in failing to (1) properly investigate the case, properly cross-

examine the victim, and contradict the State’s evidence that the victim’s injuries

were life threatening; and (2) challenge the sufficiency of the evidence as it related

to whether the victim’s injuries rose to the level of a serious injury. After a hearing

on the merits, the first PCR court denied relief upon the issues in the second

amended application but did not rule upon any other issues. Lajeunesse, pro se,

moved for expanded findings on the claims, but his counsel filed a notice of appeal

before the district court ruled on the motion.7

       Lajeunesse raised the claims again in his second PCR proceeding. In

dismissing the second PCR application, the court reasoned Lajeunesse did not

preserve his claims “for appellate review” by raising them in the criminal

proceeding and they could not be raised for the first time on PCR. The court found

all ineffective-assistance claims were either fully litigated or waived in the first

proceeding and Lajeunesse offered no “sufficient reason . . . why these claims

were not raised in his first [PCR] proceeding.” So the court found the claims were

barred by Iowa Code section 822.8 and dismissed the second application.

(5) complaints about photographic evidence, (6) there was no record he was read
his Miranda rights, (7) the court was biased against him, (8) deceit and collusion
by counsel, (9) spoliation, and (10) other complaints about the prosecutor’s
conduct. See id. at *4–6
7 In the motion, Lajeunesse argued first PCR counsel was never his attorney and

his pleadings were the application and his “entire pro se supplemental brief.”
                                          6

       In assessing whether the court was correct, we look to Iowa Code section

822.8, which provides:

              All grounds for relief available to an applicant under this
       chapter must be raised in the applicant’s original, supplemental or
       amended application. Any ground finally adjudicated or not raised,
       or knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waived in the proceeding
       that resulted in the conviction or sentence, or in any other proceeding
       the applicant has taken to secure relief, may not be the basis for a
       subsequent application, unless the court finds a ground for relief
       asserted which for sufficient reason was not asserted or was
       inadequately raised in the original, supplemental, or amended
       application.

       On direct appeal, we preserved Lajeunesse’s claims concerning

prosecutorial misconduct and collusion of counsel for possible PCR, and he

forwarded those claims during the first PCR action.             So he satisfied the

requirement that he raise these available grounds for relief in the original action.

See Iowa Code § 822.8. After clearing that hurdle, and as we quite recently

explained, “the statute sets out three categories that may not be the basis of a

subsequent application: (1) grounds finally adjudicated, (2) ground not raised, or

(3) grounds knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waived . . . in another

proceeding that applicant has taken to secure relief.”        Hasselmann v. State,

No. 21-0483, 2022 WL 951084, at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 30, 2022).

       First, the court did not enter an adjudication on the specific claims identified

on this appeal, and second, the claims did not go unraised in the first PCR

proceeding. So the only remaining basis for barring them procedurally at this point

would be if the claims were “knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waived” in the

first proceeding. See id. The district court summarily decided any claims not fully

litigated “were waived,” but it offered no reason why. The court alternatively found
                                           7

“these claims were not raised in his first [PCR] proceeding,” and Lajeunesse failed

to present a “sufficient reason” for not raising them. See Iowa Code § 822.8.

       It is true that we found Lajeunesse failed to preserve error on his un-ruled

upon claims because his counsel filed a notice of appeal before his motion for

expanded findings was ruled on by the court. See Lajeunesse, 2022 WL 469408,

at *4 n.5. But failure to preserve error on a claim and waiver thereof are two

different things. See Perez-Fuentes v. State, No. 15-0584, 2016 WL 4384490, at

*4 n.1 (Iowa Ct. App. Aug. 17, 2016). Also of note is the fact that the motion for

expanded findings on the claims was filed pro se. While the court may have been

without the authority to consider the motion due to a recently enacted statute at

the time, see Iowa Code § 822.3A (Supp. 2019),8 the motion was at least a signal

to counsel that Lajeunesse wanted rulings on the claims. Rather than forward a

motion that the court could undoubtedly consider, counsel filed a notice of appeal,

thus depriving the district court of jurisdiction and leading to our conclusion that

error was not preserved on the claims. Absent preservation of error, we also did

not enter an adjudication on the claims. It is certainly true that the filing of a notice

of appeal normally operates as a waiver and abandonment of a post-trial motion.

See IBP, Inc. v. Al-Gharib, 604 N.W.2d 621, 628 (Iowa 2000). But “[w]aiver is the

voluntary relinquishment of a known right,” id. at 629, and “ineffective assistance

of first PCR counsel”—which was Lajeunesse’s initial substantive claim for relief in

8 Section 822.3A prohibits an applicant “who is currently represented by counsel”
from filing any pro se document and provides the court shall not consider such
documents.
                                               8

the second action—“could prevent . . . waiver of his claims from being knowing,

voluntary, and intelligent.” Hasselmann, 2022 WL 951084, at *4.

       Before the district court was the State’s motion to dismiss. Dismissal is only

appropriate at this stage “[i]f the application . . . on its face shows no right of

recovery under any state of facts.” Belk v. State, 905 N.W.2d 185, 188 (Iowa

2017). Courts are required to “view the applicant’s allegations ‘in the light most

favorable to the [applicant] with doubts resolved in that party’s favor.’”         Id.

(alteration in original) (citation omitted).

       However, a review of the proceedings in Lajeunesse’s first PCR application

provides illumination that Lajeunesse was given an opportunity for a hearing on

the merits on all of his issues, including the issues he raises in this proceeding. In

that proceeding, an order was entered on March 7, 2019, fixing a trial date and

stating all pleadings would be closed sixty days before trial, and requiring a trial

brief setting forth the issues to be addressed to be filed ten days before the trial.

On April 25, 2019, although represented by counsel, Lajeunesse, filed a document

entitled “Pleadings before trial to begin—60 days.” In the document, Lajeunesse

sets out five issues related to medical records, prosecutorial misconduct, the

blurred photo, inconsistent statements, and jury instruction twenty-seven. Near

the end of the trial, Lajeunesse told the court that he did not get to present his

evidence. In response, the district court asked him what he wanted to present and

gave him a full opportunity to present whatever evidence he wanted to include in

the record. Lajeunesse then asked for various exhibits to be admitted, which the

court accepted, except one that was not pre-filed.        After concluding with the
                                         9

exhibits, Lajeunesse asked the court, “Are we done for the day?” The court asked

in response, “Are you ready?” And Lajeunesse responded, “Yes Sir.” The trial then

concluded. Although Lajeunesse was given the opportunity to present whatever

evidence he wanted to enter, as we have noted, the court did not rule upon

Lajeunesse’s pro se claims.

       On this record, a conclusion that Lajeunesse did not voluntarily, knowingly,

and intelligently waive the claims raised in this appeal is not inconceivable.

However, we decline to assume trial counsel was ineffective, and it is certainly

plausible that trial counsel spoke with Lajeunesse, Lajeunesse agreed to forego

his remaining claims, and, subsequently, had a change of mind when he filed the

instant application.

       Nonetheless, the most important point here is that Lajeunesse has not

alleged in this proceeding that his trial counsel was ineffective in his first PCR

proceeding by filing the notice of appeal before the district court ruled upon his

motion to enlarge. In failing to allege trial counsel was ineffective for filing the

notice of appeal prior to resolution of his motion to enlarge, he has voluntarily

waived his right to raise such a claim.9 And accordingly, the claims he has filed in

this second PCR proceeding are barred.

9 We also note the motion to enlarge only addressed a claim relating to medical
records and did not address the claims of deceit, collusion, or prosecutorial
misconduct.
                                    10

       We conclude the claims Lajeunesse pinpoints in this appeal are

procedurally barred.   We affirm the dismissal of Lajeunesse’s second PCR

application.

       AFFIRMED.