Court Opinion

ID: 6071826
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-13 17:10:59.137761+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:52:56.699491
License: Public Domain

J-A29004-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    ROBERT M. LETHAM                           :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 1259 WDA 2020

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 24, 2020
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-02-CR-0008685-2018

BEFORE:      BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.:                       FILED: January 13, 2022

        Appellant, Robert M. Letham, appeals from the aggregate judgment of

sentence of two to four years’ incarceration, followed by five years’ probation,

imposed after he was convicted of various offenses, including two counts of

unlawful contact with a minor (counts one and six), 18 Pa.C.S. § 6318(a)(1).

Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain his unlawful

contact conviction at count six, as well as a condition of his sentence of

probation dictating that he not possess a computer or have Internet access.

After careful review, we reverse Appellant’s unlawful contact conviction at

count six, vacate the at-issue sentencing condition, and affirm his judgment

of sentence in all other respects.

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A29004-21

      The trial court summarized the facts established at Appellant’s trial, as

follows:

      Two minor females (referred to herein as “Minor 1” and Minor 2”)
      testified that [Appellant] had indecent contact with them in 2008
      and/or 2009. Minor 1 testified that in 2008, when she was
      approximately eight years old, she resided in an apartment with
      her parents and her younger brother in Turtle Creek,
      Pennsylvania. At this time, [Appellant] was approximately 27
      years old. [Appellant’s] parents resided next door. [Appellant]
      would sometimes stay with his parents and visit with Minor 1’s
      family. The families were close and enjoyed a good relationship.
      [Appellant] would often go to their apartment. Minor 1 and her
      brother would also go to [Appellant’s] apartment to watch
      television.

      On various occasions during this time period, [Appellant] would
      go to Minor 1’s residence to play with her younger brother. There
      were also times that Minor 1 would go to [Appellant’s] residence.
      On one occasion, [Appellant] had Minor 1 sit on his lap. He pulled
      a blanket over them[,] … placed his hand on her vagina[,] and
      moved it up and down. Over the course of the next week,
      [Appellant] did the same thing to Minor 1. All of the incidents
      occurred at [Appellant’s] apartment. Sometimes he would place
      a blanket over them and sometimes he would not. Minor 1 did
      not disclose these assaults until 2018, after she disclosed the
      assaults to her boyfriend. Minor 1 spoke with a therapist who
      reported the incidents to police. An investigation ensued and
      [Appellant] was charged as set forth above.

      Minor 2 was the older sister of Minor 1. Minor 2 was her father’s
      child from a previous relationship and Minor 2 generally resided
      with her mother. Minor 2 would, however, spend the weekends
      with her father in his apartment with Minor 1, her brother[,] and
      mother. Minor 2 testified at trial that on one day in 2009, when
      she was 15 years old, she was staying with her father at his
      apartment. She was in the kitchen and [Appellant] came into the
      kitchen, walked toward her[,] and grabbed her breasts over her
      clothing. Her back was against the wall and [Appellant] grabbed
      each breast with each of his hands. His hands remained on her
      breasts for four to five seconds and she pushed him away. She
      did not disclose the assault until 2018, when the investigation into
      the assaults on Minor 1 occurred.

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Trial Court Opinion (TCO), 4/8/21, at 2-3.

      Based on this evidence, Appellant was convicted of the two counts of

unlawful contact set forth, supra, as well as two counts of corruption of a

minor, 18 Pa.C.S. § 6301(a)(1), three counts of indecent assault of a person

less than 13 years of age, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3126(a)(7), and one count of indecent

assault of a person less than 16 years of age, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3126(a)(8). On

February 24, 2020, Appellant was sentenced to consecutive terms of six to

twelve months’ incarceration for each of his indecent assault convictions,

totaling an aggregate term of two to four years’ incarceration. The court also

imposed concurrent terms of five years’ probation for each of his two counts

of corruption of a minor, to run consecutively to his term of incarceration. No

further penalty was imposed for Appellant’s unlawful contact convictions.

      Appellant filed a timely post-sentence motion, which the court ultimately

denied. He then filed a timely notice of appeal, and he complied with the trial

court’s order to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal. The court thereafter filed a Rule 1925(a) opinion.

Herein, Appellant states two issues for our review:

      I. Whether there was sufficient evidence to convict Appellant at
      [c]ount 6 for unlawful contact with a minor when the
      Commonwealth failed to prove Appellant contacted the victim
      pursuant to the definition and purpose of 18 Pa.C.S. § 6318?

      II. Whether the trial court abused its discretion and/or erred when
      it imposed a probation condition on [A]ppellant that he could not
      possess or have access to a computer, or otherwise access to the
      internet in violation of Commonwealth v. Houtz[, 982 A.2d 537
      (Pa. Super. 2009),] when Appellant never used a computer during
      the criminal episodes?

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Appellant’s Brief at 6.

      Appellant first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain his

unlawful contact conviction pertaining to Minor 2.     To begin, we note our

standard of review:

      In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we must
      determine whether the evidence admitted at trial, as well as all
      reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, when viewed in the light
      most favorable to the verdict winner, are sufficient to support all
      elements of the offense. Commonwealth v. Moreno, 14 A.3d
      133 (Pa. Super. 2011). Additionally, we may not reweigh the
      evidence or substitute our own judgment for that of the fact
      finder. Commonwealth v. Hartzell, 988 A.2d 141 (Pa. Super.
      2009). The evidence may be entirely circumstantial as long as it
      links the accused to the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
      Moreno, supra at 136.

Commonwealth v. Koch, 39 A.3d 996, 1001 (Pa. Super. 2011).

      A person commits the offense of unlawful contact “if he is intentionally

in contact with a minor, or a law enforcement officer acting in the performance

of his duties who has assumed the identity of a minor, for the purpose of

engaging in an activity prohibited under any of the following, and either the

person initiating the contact or the person being contacted is within this

Commonwealth: (1) Any of the offenses enumerated in Chapter 31 (relating

to sexual offenses).” 18 Pa.C.S. § 6318(a)(1). Section 6318 defines “contact”

as “[d]irect or indirect contact or communication by any means, method or

device, including contact or communication in person or through an agent or

agency, through any print medium, the mails, a common carrier or

communication common carrier, any electronic communication system and

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any telecommunications, wire, computer or radio communications device or

system.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 6318(c).

       Instantly, Appellant contends that the Commonwealth failed to prove

that he had “contact” with Minor 2 in furtherance of his indecent assault of

her.    According to Appellant, the Commonwealth’s evidence instead

demonstrated only that he “walked into the room where [Minor 2] was

standing with her back against the wall and grabbed her breasts. There was

no evidence showing that Appellant communicated with [Minor 2] to get in

such a vulnerable position to cause an indecent assault.” Appellant’s Brief at

12.

       In rejecting Appellant’s argument, the trial court acknowledged that

“[w]hether [Appellant] had contact with Minor 2 presents a much closer case”

than his unlawful contact with Minor 1. TCO at 6. Nevertheless, the court

found the evidence sufficient, explaining:

       In a light most favorable to the Commonwealth, this [c]ourt
       believes that the evidence suggested that [Appellant] was facing
       Minor 2 at the time of the assault. Minor 2 and [Appellant] were
       alone in the kitchen at the time of the assault. Minor 2’s back was
       to the wall as [Appellant] approached her. He reached his hands
       out and grabbed her breasts with his hands. This [c]ourt believes
       that this evidence suggests that [Appellant] communicated in
       some way with Minor 2 in order to get her into a position to commit
       his assault on Minor 2 and, thus, the evidence was sufficient to
       convict.

Id.

       In support of its decision, the trial court relied on Commonwealth v.

Velez, 51 A.3d 260 (Pa. Super. 2012). There,

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      [t]he [victim’s] mother testified that when she saw [Velez]
      touching the victim’s vagina, the victim had her pants removed
      and her knees were in the air. The victim would not have had her
      pants removed and her legs in that position absent previous
      contact by [Velez], either verbal or physical. In order to engage
      in the assault, it is reasonable to infer that [Velez] directed the
      victim, either verbally or nonverbally, to unclothe below the waist
      and to assume that pose. Thus, the Commonwealth proved
      beyond a reasonable doubt that [Velez] had contact with the
      victim beyond that required to sustain the aggravated indecent
      assault conviction.

Id. at 267.

      Appellant insists that the present facts are distinguishable from Velez.

He explains that “Velez was found with the victim on her back with his head

between her legs, which gave sufficient circumstantial evidence that the victim

was communicated with into getting into that position.” Appellant’s Brief at

21. In contrast, here,

      Appellant made no contact, verbal or non-verbal, in his attempt
      to elicit sexual contact with the minor. In fact, the incident
      testified to by the victim shows that the sexual contact was wholly
      random and instantaneous. Appellant walked into the kitchen,
      uttered no words[,] and just grabbed the victim’s breasts. The
      victim was not coaxed or forced into a precarious position. She
      testified that her back was against the wall when Appellant walked
      up to her[,] and no words were spoken. This incident and the
      testimony simply do not support “contact” as defined by the
      legislature and [was] insufficient to convict for unlawful contact
      with a minor.

Id. at 21-22.

      Appellant also argues that his case is distinguishable from another case

cited by the trial court, Commonwealth v. Davis, 225 A.3d 582 (Pa. Super.

2019).   There, we found the evidence sufficient to prove that Davis had

unlawful contact with the victim based on his describing “to her … what he

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was about to do with his private area and why he was manipulating the

victim’s private area….” Id. at 588. We concluded that Davis’s statements to

the victim “were directly related to his engaging in sexual contact with her,

and    these    discussions     demonstrate[d]      the   kind   of   communication

contemplated by the statute.” Id.

       We agree with Appellant that the facts of this case do not align with

Velez or Davis. Appellant did not speak to Minor 2, as Davis spoke to his

victim. Moreover, unlike in Velez, Minor 2’s body was not positioned in such

a way as to circumstantially establish that Appellant indirectly or directly

communicated directions to her to accomplish the assault.             There were no

movements, words, or actions by Appellant or Minor 2 that indicated Appellant

unlawfully contacted her to facilitate the indecent assault.            Instead, the

evidence established only that Appellant approached the victim and

immediately grabbed her breasts.               As Appellant aptly observes, “[t]he

indecent assault[,] alone, does not constitute the unlawful contact.” Id. at

23.   Accordingly, we agree with Appellant that his conviction for unlawful

contact with Minor 2 must be reversed.1

____________________________________________

1 We note that the Commonwealth effectively concedes that the evidence was
insufficient to prove Appellant contacted Minor 2. See Commonwealth’s Brief
at 9 (acknowledging the “the lack of evidence” in regard to Appellant’s
contacting Minor 2, and stating “that this Court may see fit to determine that
the evidence was insufficient as to count 6 of [u]nlawful [c]ontact with a
[m]inor”). We appreciate the Commonwealth’s candor with this Court.

                                           -7-
J-A29004-21

       Next, Appellant contends that the court erred by imposing, as a

condition of his probation, that he not have access to a computer or the

Internet.   Appellant claims that this condition was improper because his

offenses did not involve the use of a computer or the Internet. In support of

his argument, Appellant relies on Houtz. There, we vacated Houtz’s probation

condition that she not have computer or Internet access, reasoning that the

condition was inappropriate where there was no evidence that Houtz had used

a computer or the Internet in committing her offenses. Houtz, 982 A.2d at

540-41.

       In the present case, the trial court now “agrees that the imposition of

the condition of probation restricting [Appellant’s] access to the computer and

the [I]nternet was in error.     [Appellant] is correct that the offenses of

conviction did not involve the use of any electronic devices and, therefore,

there was ‘no nexus between the offense charged and access to a

computer/Internet[.’]”   TCO at 7 (quoting Houtz, 982 A.2d at 540).        The

Commonwealth also concedes that the at-issue probation condition is

improper. See Commonwealth’s Brief at 10 (“[T]he condition of probation

prohibiting [A]ppellant’s access to a computer and the [I]nternet is

improper.”). In light of Houtz, and the court’s and parties’ agreement, we

vacate the condition of Appellant’s probation restricting his computer and

Internet access.

       In sum, we reverse Appellant’s conviction for unlawful contact at count

six.   Because Appellant received no further penalty for that offense, our

                                     -8-
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disposition does not upset the court’s overall sentencing scheme and remand

is unnecessary. We also vacate the above-discussed probation condition. In

all other respects, we affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed in part, vacated in part. Conviction at

count six reversed. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/13/2022

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