Court Opinion

ID: 2681822
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-07-02 23:00:57.36555+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:12:20.416904
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                             JUL 02 2014
 1                         NO FO PUBL A IO
                             T R     IC T N
                                                         SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK
 2                                                         U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
                                                           OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 3                  UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
 4                            OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 5   In re:                        )        BAP No.   EC-13-1378-JuTaKu
                                   )
 6   KHAMLA SIHABOUTH and          )        Bk. No.   10-52564
     MANYSAY SIHABOUTH,            )
 7                                 )        Adv. No. 13-02016
                    Debtors.       )
 8   ______________________________)
                                   )
 9   KHAMLA SIHABOUTH;             )
     MANYSAY SIHABOUTH,            )
10                                 )
                    Appellants,    )
11   v.                            )        M E M O R A N D U M*
                                   )
12   THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELON,   )
                                   )
13                  Appellee.      )
     ______________________________)
14
                      Argued and Submitted on May 15, 2014
15                         at Sacramento, California
16                            Filed - July 2, 2014
17             Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
                   for the Eastern District of California
18
        Honorable Michael S. McManus, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding
19                      _________________________
20   Appearances:     Clark Dwayne Nicholas, Esq. argued for appellants
                      Khamla and Manysay Sihabouth; Bernard Kornberg,
21                    Esq., of Severson & Werson, argued for appellee
                      The Bank of New York Mellon.
22                         ________________________
23   Before:   JURY, TAYLOR, and KURTZ, Bankruptcy Judges.
24
25
26       *
          This disposition is not appropriate for publication.
27 Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may
   have (see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1), it has no precedential value.
28 See 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8013-1.

                                      -1-
 1            Chapter 131 debtors Khamla and Manysay Sihabouth appeal
 2   from the bankruptcy court’s order dismissing their adversary
 3   proceeding in favor of appellee, the Bank of New York Mellon
 4   (BONY).      We AFFIRM.
 5                       I.    FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
 6            Debtors obtained two loans from Decision One Mortgage
 7   Company, LLC.      The first loan for $164,000 was secured by a
 8   first deed of trust encumbering debtor’s property on Blue View
 9   Street in Redding, California.       The deed of trust named Mortgage
10   Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. (MERS) as beneficiary,
11   solely as nominee for Decision One and its successors and
12   assigns.      Decision One later assigned its interest in debtors’
13   loan and deed of trust to BONY, but debtors contend the
14   assignment was invalid.       The other loan was for $41,000 and was
15   secured by a second deed of trust against debtor’s property on
16   Blue View.      Decision One evidently assigned this loan to Saxon
17   Mortgage Services, Inc.       Only the first loan is at issue in this
18   appeal.
19   A.       Debtors’ Bankruptcy And Confirmation Of Their Plan
20            Debtors filed their chapter 13 petition on December 13,
21   2010.      In Schedule A, they listed their real property on Blue
22   View Street.      In Schedule F, they listed the $164,000 loan owed
23   to Decision One as unsecured and disputed.       The claims bar date
24   was April 13, 2011.
25
          1
26        Unless otherwise indicated, all chapter and section
   references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532.
27 “Rule” references are to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy
   Procedure and “Civil Rule” references are to the Federal Rules of
28 Civil Procedure.

                                         -2-
 1        Debtors’ chapter 13 plan filed with their petition did not
 2   mention or provide for BONY’s secured claim.    BONY objected to
 3   confirmation of the plan on the grounds that it did not provide
 4   for $19,640.99 in arrearages owed to BONY, was infeasible, and
 5   was not filed in good faith.   Attached to the objection was a
 6   copy of the note for the $41,000 loan.    On February 14, 2011,
 7   the court denied confirmation of debtors’ plan and a few days
 8   later dismissed BONY’s objection as moot.
 9        Debtors filed a first amended plan (FAP) on February 21,
10   2011, which again did not provide for BONY’s secured claim.
11   Regardless of whether BONY had a valid lien against debtors’
12   property, neither of debtors’ plans provided for payment of
13   arrearages on the loan secured by the first deed of trust.
14   Moreover, at the hearing on this matter, debtors’ counsel
15   acknowledged that they were not making any payments on the loan.
16   In connection with their FAP, debtors filed a motion to modify
17   their plan and have it confirmed.    The chapter 13 trustee
18   objected to confirmation because the FAP did not provide for the
19   secured proof of claim (POC) filed by Saxon in the amount of
20   $45,718.66.   The trustee acknowledged that debtors had objected
21   to Saxon’s POC and that the hearing on the objection was
22   scheduled for the same day as plan confirmation.
23        BONY objected to confirmation of the FAP on the same
24   grounds as its first objection.   In the objection, BONY states:
25   “As set forth in Creditor’s Proof of Claim, the pre-petition
26   arrears due total $19,640.99,” although BONY had not yet filed a
27   formal POC.   Attached to the objection was the note related to
28   the $41,000 loan and the adjustable rate note and deed of trust

                                    -3-
 1   relating to the $164,000 loan.
 2          On April 5, 2011, the day of the confirmation hearing, the
 3   bankruptcy court issued a civil minute order in connection with
 4   BONY’s objection which stated:    “The matter was improperly
 5   calendared as a stand-alone objection to plan confirmation, and
 6   is therefore dropped from calendar.    The court will consider the
 7   merits elsewhere on this calendar.”    At the confirmation hearing
 8   the court continued the matter to September.
 9          The bankruptcy court granted debtor’s motion to modify and
10   confirmed their FAP on September 9, 2011.    The court overruled
11   the trustee’s objection on the ground that Saxon had voluntarily
12   withdrawn its POC on August 5, 2011.    BONY’s objection to plan
13   confirmation was never addressed.
14          Almost a year after confirmation, on September 4, 2012,
15   BONY, through its servicer Bank of America, N.A., filed a formal
16   POC.    The POC listed the amount of the secured claim as
17   $183,287.66 and showed arrearages of $19,826.99.    The POC
18   attached supporting documents including the note relating to the
19   $164,000 loan, the deed of trust showing MERS as beneficiary,
20   and the assignment of deed of trust.    The trustee objected to
21   the POC asserting that it was untimely.    In response, BONY
22   argued that the POC was a timely amendment of its informal POC
23   that arose when it objected to confirmation of debtors’ plans
24   prior to the bar date.    The bankruptcy court agreed with BONY,
25   finding that its objections to confirmation of debtors’ plan
26   constituted informal proofs of claim filed before the bar date
27   and thus the formal POC related back.    The court thus overruled
28   the trustee’s objection based on untimeliness.

                                      -4-
 1        Although they were not a party to trustee’s objection,
 2   debtors moved for reconsideration of the court’s ruling.    The
 3   court denied the motion, finding that the issues raised by
 4   debtors could be raised in an independent objection to the POC,
 5   but could not be considered in the context of a motion for
 6   reconsideration.
 7        Debtors then filed an objection to the claim alleging BONY
 8   did not have standing to enforce the note, the assignment was
 9   invalid, and that BONY’s objections to confirmation of debtors’
10   plan should not be considered as an informal POC.    Debtors
11   requested the court to disallow the claim.    The bankruptcy court
12   issued a civil minute order denying the objection without
13   prejudice.    In its findings of fact and conclusions of law
14   (FFCL), the court observed that the confirmed plan revested
15   debtors’ home in debtors and thus it was no longer property of
16   the bankruptcy estate.    Because BONY’s claim was not being paid
17   by the plan and the security for the claim was no longer
18   property of the bankruptcy estate, the bankruptcy court
19   concluded that if there were some dispute regarding the validity
20   of the claim, it would have to be resolved in a nonbankruptcy
21   forum.   The court entered the order overruling the objection
22   without prejudice on January 14, 2013.
23   B.   The Adversary Proceeding
24        Four days before the bankruptcy court’s ruling on debtors’
25   objection to BONY’s POC, debtors filed an adversary complaint to
26   determine the nature and extent of BONY’s lien and to object to
27   BONY’s POC.    Debtors’ complaint essentially alleged that BONY
28   lacked standing to enforce the note or deed of trust because it

                                     -5-
 1   offered no proof of its ownership of the debt.
 2          BONY moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a
 3   claim or, alternatively, requested the bankruptcy court to
 4   abstain as the complaint raised only state law claims.     BONY
 5   requested that the bankruptcy court take judicial notice of,
 6   among other things, the docket report for debtors’ chapter 13
 7   case, its POC, and the docket report for debtors’ adversary
 8   proceeding.
 9          After hearing, the bankruptcy court issued civil minutes
10   setting forth its reasoning.    In its ruling, the court
11   considered its post-confirmation jurisdiction under the “close
12   nexus” test set forth in Montana v. Goldin (In re Pegasus Gold
13   Corp.), 394 F.3d 1189, 1193 (9th Cir. 2005).    In applying the
14   standards set forth in that case, the bankruptcy court found no
15   “close nexus” between the claims asserted in the adversary
16   proceeding and the plan or bankruptcy proceeding for essentially
17   the same reasons that it had denied debtors’ objection to BONY’s
18   POC.    Accordingly, the court concluded it did not have
19   post-confirmation subject matter jurisdiction over the complaint
20   challenging BONY’s interest in the note and its collateral.       The
21   court also found it did not have subject matter jurisdiction
22   when upon confirmation, all estate property, including the
23   property purportedly securing the promissory note, revested in
24   debtors.    See 28 U.S.C. § 1334; Black v. United States Postal
25   Serv. (In re Heath), 115 F.3d 521, 524 (9th Cir. 1997)
26   (bankruptcy court is without jurisdiction to control disposition
27   of chapter 13 debtor’s property that is not property of the
28   bankruptcy estate unless the property is related to the

                                     -6-
 1   bankruptcy proceedings of the Code); see also Cal. Franchise Tax
 2   Bd. v. Jones (In re Jones), 420, 506, 514-15 (9th Cir. 2009)
 3   (confirmation of chapter 13 plan changes estate property to
 4   property of the debtor unless the plan or confirmation order
 5   specifically states otherwise).          The bankruptcy court entered
 6   the order dismissing the adversary proceeding on July 24, 2013.
 7   This appeal followed.
 8                                II.   JURISDICTION
 9           As discussed below, the bankruptcy court did not have
10   subject matter jurisdiction over debtors’ adversary proceeding
11   under 28 U.S.C. § 1334.       However, we have jurisdiction to review
12   the court’s dismissal order under 28 U.S.C. § 158.
13                                   III.    ISSUE
14           Whether the bankruptcy court erred by dismissing debtors’
15   adversary proceeding for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.2
16                          IV.    STANDARDS OF REVIEW
17           We review de novo questions of subject matter jurisdiction.
18   In re Pegasus Gold Corp., 394 F.3d at 1193; Davis v. Courington
19   (In re Davis), 177 B.R. 907, 910 (9th Cir. BAP 1995) (dismissal
20   of a complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction).
21           We also review de novo dismissal of a complaint for failure
22   to state a claim under Civil Rule 12(b)(6).          Ta Chong Bank Ltd.
23   v. Hitachi High Techs. Am., Inc., 610 F.3d 1063, 1066 (9th Cir.
24
25       2
          The orders upholding BONY’s POC as an amendment to a
26 timely filed informal POC were not referenced in debtors’ notice
   of appeal. Whether the bankruptcy court erred in ruling that
27 BONY’s objections to confirmation of debtors’ plan constituted an
   informal POC is not properly before us and, therefore, we do not
28 address debtors’ arguments on this issue.

                                            -7-
 1   2010).
 2                                V.   DISCUSSION
 3   A.       Standards Applicable to Motions to Dismiss
 4            In considering a motion to dismiss for failure to state a
 5   claim under Civil Rule 12(b)(6), incorporated by Rule 7012, the
 6   court generally accepts as true the allegations in the
 7   complaint, construes the pleading in the light most favorable to
 8   the party opposing the motion, and resolves all doubts in the
 9   pleader’s favor.      Lazy Y Ranch Ltd. v. Behrens, 546 F.3d 580,
10   588 (9th Cir. 2008).      “On a motion to dismiss . . ., a court may
11   take judicial notice of facts outside the pleadings.”       Mack v.
12   S. Bay Beer Distrib., Inc., 798 F.2d 1279, 1282 (9th Cir. 1986).
13            “Consideration of a motion for abstention3 is akin to a
14   motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction [under
15   Civil Rule 12(b)(1)], in which the court may review affidavits
16   and other evidence to resolve factual disputes concerning its
17   jurisdiction to hear the action.”        DeLoreto v. Ment, 944 F. Supp.
18   1023, 1028–29 (D. Conn. 1996); see also McCarthy v. United
19   States, 850 F.2d 558, 560 (9th Cir. 1988).       The burden of
20   establishing subject matter jurisdiction rests on the party
21   asserting that the court has jurisdiction.       McNutt v. GM
22   Acceptance Corp., 298 U.S. 178, 182–83 (1936); Luckett v. Bure,
23   290 F.3d 493, 497 (2d Cir. 2002).
24
25
26        3
          “Abstention can exist only where there is a parallel
27 proceeding in state court.” Sec. Farms v. Int’l Bhd. of
   Teamsters, Chauffers, Warehousemen & Helpers, 124 F.3d 999, 1009
28 (9th Cir. 1997). Here, there was no state court action pending.

                                        -8-
 1   B.   Overview of the Bankruptcy Court’s Jurisdiction
 2        Because subject matter jurisdiction goes to the power of
 3   the court to hear a case, it is a threshold issue and may be
 4   raised at any time and by any party.      See Civil Rule 12(b)(1),
 5   incorporated by Rule 7012.   Even if the parties do not address
 6   the question of subject matter jurisdiction, bankruptcy courts
 7   still have a duty to satisfy jurisdictional questions.      United
 8   Investors Life Ins. Co. v. Waddell & Reed Inc., 360 F.3d 960,
 9   967 (9th Cir. 2004)([bankruptcy] court’s duty to establish
10   subject matter jurisdiction is not contingent upon the parties’
11   arguments).
12        The bankruptcy court’s subject matter jurisdiction is
13   defined by statute.   Under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b), a bankruptcy
14   court has jurisdiction over “all civil proceedings arising under
15   title 11, or arising in or related to cases under title 11.”
16   “Arising under title 11” describes those proceedings that
17   involve a cause of action created or determined by a statutory
18   provision in the bankruptcy code.      Harris v. Wittman (In re
19   Harris), 590 F.3d 730, 737 (9th Cir. 2009).      “Proceedings
20   ‘arising in’ a bankruptcy are generally referred to as ‘core’
21   proceedings, and essentially are proceedings that would not
22   exist outside of bankruptcy. . . .”      In re Pegasus Gold Corp.,
23 394 F.3d at 1193.
24        The bankruptcy court also has jurisdiction over “those
25   proceedings that are ‘related to’ a bankruptcy case.”      Id.
26   Under the Pacor test, a bankruptcy court has “related to”
27   jurisdiction over a matter if:
28        the outcome of the proceeding could conceivably have

                                      -9-
 1        any effect on the estate being administered in
          bankruptcy. Thus, the proceeding need not necessarily
 2        be against the debtor or against the debtor's
          property. An action is related to bankruptcy if the
 3        outcome could alter the debtor’s rights, liabilities,
          options, or freedom of action (either positively or
 4        negatively) and which in any way impacts upon the
          handling and administration of the bankrupt estate.
 5
 6   Fietz v. Great W. Savings (In re Fietz), 852 F.2d 455, 457 (9th
 7   Cir. 1988) (citing Pacor, Inc. v. Higgins, 743 F.2d 984, 994 (3d
 8   Cir. 1984).   The United States Supreme Court endorsed Pacor’s
 9   conceivability standard with the caveats that “related to”
10   jurisdiction “cannot be limitless,” and that the critical
11   component of the Pacor test is that “bankruptcy courts have no
12   jurisdiction over proceedings that have no effect on the estate
13   of the debtor.”   Celotex Corp. v. Edwards, 514 U.S. 300, 308 &
14   n.6 (1995).
15        Since Fietz, the Ninth Circuit decided that the bankruptcy
16   court’s post-confirmation “related to” jurisdiction is not as
17   broad as the Pacor standards.    In re Pegasus Gold Corp.,
18 394 F.3d at 1194.   Instead, the court adopted the “close nexus”
19   test for “related to” post-confirmation jurisdiction because
20   that test more closely aligned with the limited nature of
21   post-confirmation jurisdiction and, at the same time, retained a
22   certain flexibility.   Under the “close nexus” test, the
23   essential inquiry is whether “there is a close nexus to the
24   bankruptcy plan or proceeding sufficient to uphold bankruptcy
25   jurisdiction over the matter.”    Id.   “[M]atters affecting ‘the
26   interpretation, implementation, consummation, execution, or
27   administration of the confirmed plan will typically have the
28   requisite close nexus.’”   Id.

                                      -10-
 1         The Ninth Circuit later warned against any mechanical
 2   application of the test, noting that “[t]he Pegasus Gold ‘close
 3   nexus’ test requires particularized consideration of the facts
 4   and posture of each case, as the test contemplates a broad set
 5   of sufficient conditions and ‘retains a certain flexibility.’”
 6   Wilshire Courtyard v. Cal. Franchise Tax Bd. (In re Wilshire
 7   Courtyard), 729 F.3d 1279, 1289 (9th Cir. 2013).    “Such a test
 8   can only be properly applied by looking at the whole picture.”
 9   Id.   Bankruptcy courts have applied the “close nexus” test to
10   post-confirmation matters in the context of chapter 13.     See
11   Uber v. Nelnet, Inc. (In re Uber), 443 B.R. 500, 507     (Bankr.
12   S.D. Ohio 2011); In re Janssen, 396 B.R. 624, 632-33 (Bankr.
13   E.D. Pa. 2008).
14         Finally, besides defining the bankruptcy court’s
15   jurisdiction over civil proceedings, 28 U.S.C. § 1334 further
16   expands bankruptcy jurisdiction by granting exclusive
17   jurisdiction “of all the property, wherever located, of the
18   debtor as of the commencement of such case, and of property of
19   the estate” in subsection (e)(1).     The bankruptcy court’s
20   jurisdiction over property, however, is temporal.     When property
21   is no longer “property of the estate” the court’s jurisdiction
22   ends.   Gardner v. United States (In re Gardner), 913 F.2d 1515,
23   1518 (10th Cir. 1990).
24         [T]here are two dimensions on which to assess ‘related
           to’ jurisdiction: substantive and temporal. A matter
25         may be unrelated to a bankruptcy estate because it
           substantively has no impact on that estate, or it may
26         be unrelated because the estate does not exist
           anymore. Either way, if a given dispute is unrelated
27         to a bankruptcy estate, a bankruptcy court . . . has
           no subject-matter jurisdiction over that dispute.
28

                                    -11-
 1   United States v. Fleet Nat’l Bank (In re Calore Express Co.,
 2   Inc.), 288 B.R. 167, 169–70 (D. Mass. 2002).
 3   C.   Analysis
 4        There is no doubt that the allegations in debtors’
 5   adversary complaint are intertwined with the claims allowance
 6   and disallowance process.   Generally, bankruptcy courts have
 7   jurisdiction over the allowance or disallowance of claims
 8   against the estate under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) because such
 9   matters are core proceedings under 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(1)(B).
10   However, the jurisdictional analysis shifts where, as here,
11   debtors initiated the civil proceeding after confirmation of
12   their bankruptcy plan.
13        The bankruptcy court did not have jurisdiction over the
14   claim-objection adversary proceeding under 28 U.S.C. §§ 157(b)
15   or (c) (establishing core and non-core bankruptcy court
16   jurisdiction) because debtors’ challenge to BONY’s ownership of
17   the debt came after confirmation of their FAP.   At that point,
18   pursuant to the terms of their confirmed plan, the real property
19   allegedly subject to BONY’s lien revested in debtors.   The
20   bankruptcy court’s exclusive jurisdiction over a debtor’s
21   property under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(e)(1) is for a limited period of
22   time — until confirmation and the property vests in the debtor.
23   See § 1327(b) (“Except as otherwise provided in the [chapter 13]
24   plan or the order confirming the plan, the confirmation of a
25   plan vests all of the property of the estate in the debtor.”).
26   Therefore, unless the plan provides otherwise, upon
27   confirmation, all property of the estate revests in the debtor
28   and the estate is terminated.   In re Jones, 420 B.R. 506 (9th

                                     -12-
 1   Cir. BAP 2009), aff’d, 657 F.3d 921 (9th Cir. 2011).   Because
 2   debtors elected to have the property revest, BONY’s claim was
 3   not against the bankruptcy estate, and thus the claim-objection
 4   adversary proceeding did not involve a right created by
 5   bankruptcy law or arising only in bankruptcy.
 6        “Related to” jurisdiction also does not exist for
 7   essentially the same reasons.   At the time debtors objected to
 8   BONY’s POC there was no longer a plan to be confirmed, the
 9   underlying property subject to BONY’s alleged lien was not
10   property of the estate, and BONY’s lien passed through the
11   bankruptcy unaffected.   Therefore, whether or not the bankruptcy
12   court allowed or disallowed BONY’s POC based on the claims
13   asserted in the adversary, the outcome could not conceivably
14   have had an affect on debtors’ estate.    In short, there was no
15   administrative bankruptcy purpose to be served by adjudicating
16   the claims.
17        Debtors fare no better upon application of the “close
18   nexus” test.   The state law claims raised in debtors’ adversary
19   proceeding did not involve matters affecting the interpretation,
20   implementation, consummation, execution, or administration of
21   debtors’ confirmed plan because debtors did not “provide for”
22   BONY’s claim in their confirmed FAP.   Contrary to debtors’
23   assertion, their attempt to turn BONY’s secured claim into an
24   unsecured claim by scheduling it as unsecured and disputed was
25   ineffective.   Merely scheduling the claim as unsecured did not
26   avoid or in any way impact BONY’s lien.   See Schnall v.
27   Fitzgerald (In re Schnall), 2012 WL 1888144, at *5 (9th Cir. BAP
28   2012).   Therefore, BONY’s secured claim was not “provided for”

                                     -13-
 1   in debtors’ FAP along with the other unsecured claims as debtors
 2   contend.
 3        If a debtor’s plan does not provide for a secured
 4   creditor’s lien, the creditor may look to the lien for
 5   satisfaction of the debt, including arrearages.    Brawders v.
 6   Cnty. of Ventura (In re Brawders), 503 F.3d 856, 872 (9th Cir.
 7   2007).   Secured liens pass through bankruptcy unaffected,
 8   regardless whether the creditor holding that lien ignores the
 9   bankruptcy case, or files an unsecured claim when it meant to
10   file a secured claim, or files an untimely claim after the bar
11   date has passed.    See Bisch v. United States (In re Bisch),
12   159 B.R. 546, 550 (9th Cir. BAP 1993) (“there is no duty on the
13   part of the secured party to object to the confirmation of the
14   [Chapter 13] plan, and failure to do so does not somehow
15   constitute a waiver of the party’s secured claim”).    Thus,
16   BONY’s lien — to the extent it exists — survives the bankruptcy
17   discharge of debtors.    Accordingly, debtors’ adversary
18   proceeding cannot possibly affect the consummation of their FAP.
19   For all these reasons, the standards under the “close nexus”
20   have not been satisfied.    In sum, debtors did not meet their
21   burden of establishing subject matter jurisdiction in the
22   bankruptcy court.
23        On appeal debtors expressed concern that the bankruptcy
24   court’s ruling would have a preclusive effect on litigation over
25   the validity of BONY’s secured claim in the state court.     Based
26   on Ninth Circuit authority, generally “a claim is not barred by
27   res judicata [claim preclusion] if the forum in which the first
28   action was brought lacked subject matter jurisdiction to

                                     -14-
 1   adjudicate that claim.’”     Clark v. Bear Stearns & Co., 966 F.2d
2   1318, 1320-21 (9th Cir. 1992).     Indeed, the bankruptcy court
 3   found that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction because no
 4   bankruptcy purpose would be served by a ruling that either
 5   allowed or disallowed BONY’s POC.4
 6                              VI.   CONCLUSION
 7           For the reasons stated, we discern no error with the
 8   dismissal order and AFFIRM.
 9
10
11
12                  Concurring decision begins on next page.
13
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26
         4
27        At oral argument, BONY’s counsel conceded that the
   bankruptcy court’s dismissal order would have no preclusive
28 effect on litigation between the parties in the state court.

                                      -15-
 1   Taylor, Bankruptcy Judge, concurring:
 2        I concur in the result reached by the Panel and also agree
 3   with its § 1334 analysis.    I write separately in order also to
 4   evaluate whether ancillary jurisdiction existed as a result of
 5   the bankruptcy court's orders overruling the Trustee's objection
 6   to BONY's late filed claim (the "Relation Back Order") and
 7   denying the Debtors' motion requesting reconsideration of that
 8   order (the "Reconsideration Order").    As discussed below, I
 9   conclude that it does not.
10        A bankruptcy court has “jurisdiction to interpret and
11   enforce its own prior orders.”    See Travelers Indem. Co. v.
12   Bailey, 557 U.S. 137, 151 (2009); see also Battle Ground Plaza,
13   LLC v. Ray (In re Ray), 624 F.3d 1124, 1130 (9th Cir. 2010)
14   (bankruptcy court has ancillary jurisdiction to vindicate its
15   authority and effectuate its decrees).    Here, as a result of the
16   Relation Back Order, and as confirmed by the Reconsideration
17   Order, the bankruptcy court determined that BONY's late filed
18   claim ("Claim") was "deemed timely."
19        In Siegel v. Fed. Home Loan Mortgage Corp., 143 F.3d 525
20   (9th Cir. 1998), the Ninth Circuit held that a proof of claim
21   can have claim preclusive effect where a proof of claim is
22   "deemed allowed."   Deemed allowance occurs when a claim is
23   entitled to prima facie validity and in the absence of party in
24   interest objection.   Id. at 530-31.
25        The Debtors' adversary proceeding complaint includes an
26   objection to the Claim.   As the Debtors explain on appeal, they
27   initiated the adversary proceeding not only to obtain
28   substantive   relief, but also to avoid any Siegel based claim

                                      -1-
 1   preclusive effect of the Relation Back Order.      The adversary
 2   proceeding, thus, could be deemed to request, albeit obliquely,
 3   that the bankruptcy court interpret the Relation Back Order or
 4   effectuate the Relation Back Order to the extent it opened the
 5   door to an objection to the Claim, as it might if it otherwise
 6   gave the Claim "deemed allowed" status.
 7            Here, however, ancillary jurisdiction also fails.   I
 8   question whether the bankruptcy court had jurisdiction to enter
 9   the Relation Back Order, but need not decide this question.1       I
10   further question the applicability of Siegel based on the
11   procedural history and facts of this case, but similarly need
12   not make any determination in this regard.2     Instead, I conclude
13   that the Relation Back Order, as clarified by the
14   Reconsideration Order, did not require interpretation or
15   additional action to effectuate its intent, vindicate its
16
17        1
            Generally, a bankruptcy court has jurisdiction in a
     chapter 13 case to consider a post-confirmation claim objection
18
     and to make determinations regarding late filed claims. Here,
19   however, the § 1334 analysis, which clearly demonstrates a lack
     of § 1334 jurisdiction over the Debtors' adversary proceeding,
20   also raises questions as to the bankruptcy court’s jurisdiction
     to enter the Relation Back Order. Jurisdictional issues may be
21   raised at any point in time and in front of any court. Attys.
22   Trust v. Videotape Computer Products, Inc., 93 F.3d 593, 595 (9th
     Cir. 1996).
23
        At the time of the claim objection that led to the Relation
24 Back Order, the bar date had passed and the Claim was untimely,
   the Claim was filed as fully secured, the real property at issue
25 was no longer an asset of the chapter 13 estate, and the Debtors'
26 plan did not provide for the Claim in any respect.
          2
27        Siegel appears factually distinguishable in many respects.
   Most significantly, it involved timely claims and a complete
28 failure of any attempt at objection.

                                       -2-
 1   directives, or in order to make clear that it is not entitled to
 2   claim preclusive effect.
 3           The bankruptcy court clearly stated that its Relation Back
 4   Order was without prejudice to further consideration of the
 5   merits of the Debtors' objection to the Claim.    Thus, it decided
 6   that the Claim was timely, but expressly left any decision on
 7   the merits for another day and, as appropriately decided by the
 8   bankruptcy court and the Panel, another court.    Having reached
 9   this conclusion I find no basis for ancillary jurisdiction.3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
         3
26        Consistent with this view is the fact that BONY admitted
   in argument before the Panel that claim preclusion was not
27 available based on the Relation Back Order.
28                                    -3-