Court Opinion

ID: 4154333
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-03-21 17:12:52.636403+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:07:19.919962
License: Public Domain

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

ZOKAITES CONTRACTING, INC., THE                 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
GENERAL PARTNER, TRADING AS                           PENNSYLVANIA
ZOKAITES PROPERTIES, LP.

                        Appellant

                         v.

BELL-PUG, INC.

                                                    No. 1025 WDA 2016

                      Appeal from the Order July 7, 2016
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
                     Civil Division at No(s): GD 15-023272

BEFORE: BOWES, OLSON AND STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                            FILED MARCH 21, 2017

        Zokaites Contracting, Inc., the general partner, trading as Zokaites

Properties, LP. (“Zokaites”), appeals from the order denying its motion for

injunctive relief. We affirm.

        This appeal arises in the midst of an ongoing dispute regarding rental

payments, and money purportedly owed to Zokaites by Bell-Pug, Inc. (“Bell-

Pug”). Zokaites initiated this matter by filing a complaint on December 31,

2015.      Bell-Pug responded by filing an answer and new matter and

counterclaim.     After Zokaites replied to Bell-Pug’s pleading, Bell-Pug

discontinued its counterclaim.      Zokaites then filed an amended complaint

which alleged the following relevant to this matter.     Bell-Pug owned and

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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operated the Penn-Monroe restaurant located at 3985 William Penn

Highway, Monroeville, Allegheny County. Bell-Pug leased the property from

Sigma Six Associates, LLC. (“Sigma Six”). Sigma Six executed a note and

mortgage in favor of Zokaites, and assigned it the lease and rent controlling

the   property     upon    which     Penn-Monroe   was   situated.   Sigma   Six

subsequently defaulted on its obligations under the mortgage. Zokaites took

control of the property after it initiated a mortgage foreclosure action against

Sigma Six, and purchased it at a Sheriff’s sale. Bell-Pug remained a tenant

under the lease agreement throughout this process.

       Bell-Pug did not remit rental payments to Zokaites. On December 2,

2015, Zokaites served a notice of distraint on Bell-Pug to recover unpaid

rent and legal fees totaling $34,287.66.1           Bell-Pug allegedly obtained

personal property subject to the notice of distraint and sold it to third

parties.   Of import to this action, Bell-Pug acquired Penn-Monroe’s liquor

license, and began the process of transferring it to another entity for a total

sale price of $45,000. Bell-Pug placed these proceeds in an escrow account

while it awaited approval for the transfer from the Pennsylvania Liquor

Control Board.

____________________________________________

1
  Under 68 P.S. § 250.302, after sufficient notice is provided, “personal
property located upon premises occupied by a tenant shall . . . be subject to
distress for any rent reserved and due.” 68 P.S. § 250.302.

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       Upon learning that Bell-Pug sought to divest itself of the liquor license,

Zokaites filed an emergency motion for injunctive relief.        In that motion,

Zokaites argued, inter alia, that, since Bell-Pug ceased operations of the

Penn-Monroe restaurant and otherwise sold its assets, the only means by

which Zokaites could recover damages from Bell-Pug was from the proceeds

of the sale of the liquor license. As such, it requested that the court order

Bell-Pug to retain the proceeds from the sale of the liquor license in an

escrow account. Zokaites claimed it had no other adequate remedy at law

absent future access to these earnings. Thus, it contended that injunctive

relief was appropriate to protect its interests.

       The court declined to grant Zokaites’ requested relief. Zokaites filed a

timely notice of appeal.2          It then served a copy of its Rule 1925(b)

statement of errors complained of on appeal to the trial court, but failed to

ensure it was properly filed.3         The trial court authored its Rule 1925(a)

opinion addressing Zokaites’ claimed errors.        This matter is now ready for

our review.

____________________________________________

2
   An appeal as of right may be taken from a court order denying an
injunction, except in situations not relevant here. See Pa.R.A.P. 311(4).
3
  Zokaites’ Rule 1925(b) statement does not appear in the certified record.
However, since the court received a copy of that document, addressed the
issues on the merits, and Bell-Pug did not otherwise object, we will ignore
Zokaites’ procedural misstep and reach the merits of this appeal.

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      Zokaites raises one question for our consideration:           “Whether the

lower court erred in denying Zokaites’ Emergency Motion for Injunctive

Relief on the grounds that Zokaites failed to show that an injunction was

necessary to prevent irreparable harm that could not be compensated by

damages, i.e., that Zokaites had an adequate remedy at law.” Appellant’s

brief at 3.

      We review an order disposing of a motion for preliminary injunction for

an abuse of discretion. Duquesne Light Co. v. Longue Vue Club, 63 A.3d
270, 276 (Pa.Super. 2013). Our standard of review in this regard is “highly

deferential.”   WMI Group, Inc. v. Fox, 109 A.3d 740, 747 (Pa.Super.

2015).    This level of deference requires us to review the record “to

determine if there were any apparently reasonable grounds for the action of

the court below.” Id. at 347-348. A trial court has apparently reasonable

grounds for denying injunctive relief if it properly finds that any one of the

essential prerequisites that a party must establish prior to obtaining

injunctive relief was not satisfied. Id. at 348. There are six prerequisites

that a party must prove:

      1) that the injunction is necessary to prevent immediate and
      irreparable harm that cannot be adequately compensated by
      damages; 2) that greater injury would result from refusing an
      injunction that from granting it, and, concomitantly, that
      issuance of an injunction will not substantially harm other
      interested parties in the proceedings; 3) that a preliminary
      injunction will properly restore the parties to their status as it
      existed immediately prior to the alleged wrongful conduct; 4)
      that the activity is seeks to restrain is actionable, that its right to

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      relief is clear, and that the wrong is manifest, or, in other words,
      must show that it is likely to prevail on the merits; 5) that the
      injunction it seeks is reasonably suited to abate the offending
      activity; and 6) that a preliminary injunction will not adversely
      affect the public interest. The burden is on the party who
      requested injunctive relief.

Id. (citation and quotation marks omitted).

      The trial court determined that Zokaites failed to establish that

injunctive relief was necessary to “prevent immediate and irreparable harm

that cannot be compensated by damages.”                  Trial Court Opinion,

9/12/16, at 9 (emphasis in original). It observed that Zokaites commenced

this action to recover money damages in the form of rents owed. The court

further   opined   that money    damages were      the   “most common        and

rudimentary form of damages the civil system offers while available as a

remedy at law,” and that it could not fathom what differentiated Zokaites’

claim from any other similar action. Id. at 9-10. Hence, it determined that

Zokaites had failed to prove that emergency relief was necessary to avoid a

harm that could not be compensated by damages, and denied relief.

      Zokaites contends that it met each element required to obtain

injunctive relief. First, it asserts that it has no adequate remedy at law. In

this vein, Zokaites maintains that Bell-Pug lacks the assets to pay any

judgment awarded, other than the proceeds of the sale of the liquor license.

It concludes that it has no adequate remedy at law since any judgment

entered against Bell-Pug would be uncollectible, which would constitute

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irreparable harm to its interests. Second, Zokaites claims that greater injury

will occur from denying the injunction since Zokaites would lose its ability to

collect damages, but Bell-Pug would not otherwise be prejudiced.          Third,

Zokaites alleges that granting an injunction would maintain the status quo

because the disputed funds would remain in escrow. Fourth, Zokaites avers

that the wrongful conduct is manifest as Bell-Pug supposedly admitted to its

failure to pay rent.4        Next, it argues that its right to relief is clearly

delineated by the terms of the lease assignment and deposition testimony

provided by one of the owners of Bell-Pug.             Lastly, as to the final

prerequisite, Zokaites fails to make any argument concerning the impact

that granting relief would have on the public interest.

       Despite arguing only five out of six of the essential elements required

to obtain a preliminary injunction, Zokaites largely centers its argument on

its belief that Bell-Pug would be rendered judgment-proof if permitted to

access the proceeds of the sale of its liquor license.          Notwithstanding

Zokaites’ failure to argue all-six prerequisites, we find the trial court had

apparently reasonable grounds to deny relief since Zokaites seeks, and may

____________________________________________

4
   In its brief, Zokaites alleges that Bell-Pug had been making rental
payments to M&T Bank pursuant to a previously executed assignment of
leases and rents, but stopped doing so in June 2015. Zokaites claims Bell-
Pug admitted that it never remitted any payment to Zokaites. Additionally,
Zokaites maintains that it paid the M&T Bank mortgage in full. Appellant’s
brief at 8 n.5.

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yet acquire, money damages if the trial court decides in its favor. Further,

Zokaites’ argument conflates Bell-Pug’s ability to pay with its liability to pay.

The court’s function at trial, if this matter proceeds to that stage, will be to

determine whether Bell-Pug must pay the rent allegedly owed to Zokaites,

not whether it can. Simply, as it pertains to the record herein, Zokaites has

not met its burden of proof.

      We are cognizant that this court has previously affirmed the grant of a

preliminary injunction to prevent the dissipation of assets in anticipation of

litigation. See Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania v. Myers, 872 A.2d 827,

836 (Pa.Super. 2005) (listing cases). However, unlike those cases, the trial

court here did not find that Bell-Pug dispersed its assets solely to avoid a

potential adverse judgment.      Likewise, our review of the record did not

disclose evidence of such misconduct. Compare Ambrogi v. Reber, 932
A.2d 969 (Pa.Super. 2007) (the court affirmed the grant of a preliminary

injunction after finding, in part, that the defendant had sold off forty-percent

of their property, and had not turned proceeds over to the court, during the

fifteen months prior to hearing).    Bell-Pug maintains that it has numerous

creditors, all of whom could benefit from the profit gained by the sale of the

liquor license.   In light of the highly deferential nature of our review, and

the lack of any evidence tending to show that Bell-Pug is attempting to sell

the liquor license to render itself judgment proof, we find Zokaites’ likely

ability to collect a monetary judgment dispositive.

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      Since Zokaites seeks recovery of owed rental payments, a definite

pecuniary award, it has not proven that injunctive relief is necessary to

prevent irreparable harm that cannot be adequately compensated by

damages.    Sovereign Bank v. Harper, 674 A.2d 1085, 1093 (Pa.Super.

1996) (noting “an injury is regarded as ‘irreparable’ if it will cause damage

which can be estimated only by conjecture and not by an accurate pecuniary

standard.”). Hence, Zokaites has an adequate remedy at law, and the trial

court did not abuse its discretion in denying injunctive relief.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/21/2017

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