Court Opinion

ID: 5601498
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-11 03:17:03.026907+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:36:46.852654
License: Public Domain

NAHMIAS, Justice,
concurring.
I concur fully in the Court’s opinion, and particularly in the Court’s rejection of Tucker’s contention that his suspension by a federal bankruptcy court as a result of the same misconduct should qualify as a mitigating factor in determining the discipline that this Court should impose. As the Court indicates, a few years ago we clarified that the imposition of a criminal penalty relating to the same *359conduct at issue in a disciplinary matter should not be viewed as a mitigating factor. See In the Matter of Levin, 289 Ga. 170, 175 (709 SE2d 808) (2011). Levin relied on my concurring opinion in In the Matter of Ortman, 289 Ga. 130 (709 SE2d 784) (2011), where I explained that the “imposition of other penalties or sanctions” mitigating circumstance, which is included as Standard 9.32 (k) in the ABA Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions (1992), is properly interpreted, and has been interpreted by this Court, as applying only to “other penalties arising during the disciplinary proceeding itselff such as a suspension pending final resolution of the case or a lengthy delay that effectively served as such an interim suspension. See Ortman, 289 Ga. at 131-132 (Nahmias, J., concurring) (emphasis in original). Put another way, it is proper to give a lawyer facing discipline here “credit for time served” for the same misconduct in the same proceeding, but such credit is not normally given for time served in a separate proceeding conducted by a separate jurisdiction. See OCGA § 17-10-11 (a) (“Each person convicted of a crime in this state shall be given full credit for each day spent in confinement awaiting trial and for each day spent in confinement, in connection with and resulting from a court order entered in the criminal proceedings for which sentence was imposed . . . .” (emphasis added)).
I note that we have one case that says, without citation of any authority, that a disciplinary sanction imposed on a Georgia Bar member by a non-Georgia court should mitigate the discipline imposed by this Court for the same misconduct. See In the Matter of Kakol, 286 Ga. 469, 470 (689 SE2d 308) (2010) (noting in mitigation that Kakol “was subjected to penalties and sanctions by the Bankruptcy Court, whose requirements he has fulfilled”). But we have at least four other cases, decided before and after Kakol, in which a federal court imposed sanctions that this Court did not treat as mitigating. See In the Matter of Bach, 291 Ga. 50, 50 (727 SE2d 496) (2012) (stating that Bach had been suspended from practice in the bankruptcy court but not mentioning that fact as mitigating); In the Matter of Ellison, 282 Ga. 647, 648-649 (651 SE2d 746) (2007) (stating that Ellison had been suspended for 180 days by the bankruptcy court and that “[w]e find no mitigating factors”); In the Matter of Maxwell, 280 Ga. 304, 305 (627 SE2d 16) (2006) (stating that Maxwell was sanctioned by the federal district court but not mentioning that fact in listing the factors “appropriately considered in mitigation”); In the Matter of Randolph, 274 Ga. 482, 483-484 (554 SE2d 485) (2001) (stating that Randolph had been suspended for six months and otherwise sanctioned by the bankruptcy court but not mentioning that fact among others “[i]n mitigation”).
*360Moreover, this Court routinely decides discipline cases that follow the imposition of sanctions by the licensing authority in another jurisdiction where the attorney committed the misconduct at issue. The sanctions imposed by such authorities — often the supreme courts of our sister states — are accorded more deference than sanctions imposed by individual trial courts like the federal bankruptcy court in this case, see In the Matter of Stubbs, 285 Ga. 702, 703 (681 SE2d 113) (2009), and such sanctions, while imposed on lawyers also licensed in Georgia, normally relate to misconduct committed in the other jurisdiction and directly affecting the other jurisdiction. Yet by rule that this Court promulgated and regularly applies, when such “reciprocal” matters come to this Court, the discipline we impose is almost always the same as that previously imposed by the other jurisdiction. See Rule 9.4 (b) (3) of Bar Rule 4-102 (d) of the Georgia Rules of Professional Conduct. There is no hint in our reciprocal discipline rule or cases that the lawyer’s prior sanction by a court in another jurisdiction for the identical misconduct should be considered in mitigation of the discipline to be imposed by this Court.
Finally, just like the argument that criminal penalties for the same conduct should mitigate the discipline we impose, the logic of the argument leads to the conclusion that the more serious the prior sanction in some other proceeding by some other jurisdiction, the more mitigating we should consider it in our proceeding, which seems backwards. See Ortman, 289 Ga. at 132 (Nahmias, J., concurring). If Tucker were correct, this Court should be reluctant to disbar a lawyer when the poor fellow has already suffered the ultimate disciplinary penalty — disbarment —■ by another jurisdiction for the same conduct. But we are not reluctant. See, e.g., In the Matter of Sossomon, 293 Ga. 669, 669 (748 SE2d 925) (2013) (disbarring Sossomon based on his disbarment by consent in North Carolina). Indeed, the fact that another court felt so strongly about the misconduct that a Georgia attorney committed in its proceedings that it imposed its own sanction, rather than merely referring the attorney to the disciplinary authorities, should signal that the misconduct at issue is particularly serious and worthy of professional discipline — that is, it should be viewed, if anything, as an aggravating factor.
The primary purpose of attorney discipline is to protect the public from unqualified lawyers. See In the Matter of Skandalakis, 279 Ga. 865, 866 (621 SE2d 750) (2005). That purpose would not be served if this Court treated the fact that an attorney has been suspended from practice in a federal court as an indication that he is even slightly more qualified to practice as a Georgia lawyer than if he had not been suspended. Accordingly, as we did for criminal penalties in Levin, it is appropriate that the Court has clarified, for the benefit *361of the lawyers we regulate and the State Bar Counsels, Special Masters, and Review Panels who must apply our disciplinary precedents, that the imposition on a Georgia lawyer of a sanction for professional misconduct by a federal court or other jurisdiction distinct from this Court’s disciplinary proceeding will not be deemed to mitigate the discipline imposed by this Court. And it should be clear that our statement to the contrary in Kakol should not be followed.
Decided June 16, 2014.
Paula J. Frederick, General Counsel State Bar, Jonathan W. Hewett, Assistant General Counsel State Bar, for State Bar of Georgia.
I am authorized to state that Justice Blackwell joins in this concurrence.