Court Opinion

ID: 6590748
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-20 19:57:14.817768+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:57:38.982317
License: Public Domain

Maxwell, J.
This is a supersedeas to an order of the circuit court of Calhoun county made on the 25th day of June, 1866, declaring the result of a vote taken in the said county whether they would retain the county seat at Arnoldsburg, the place then fixed by law, or remove the same to Simon P. Stump’s farm, opposite the mouth of Philip’s run, in said county. The vote was taken by virtue of an act of the general assembly of Virginia, passed February 13th, 1862. The first section of this act provides, “ That it shall be lawful to open polls at the various places of voting in the county of Calhoun on the fourth Thursday in May, after the present war is over, for the purpose of taking the sense of the voters of said county,” &c. Under the law of Virginia in force at the time of the passage of this act every act of assembly was to commence and be in force upon and after the first day of May next succeeding the passage thereof, unless another day for the commencement thereof was particularly mentioned in the act itself or otherwise expressly provided. Code of Virginia, 1860, chap. 16, sec. 8, p. 118.
The general assembly did not leave this act to take effect on the first day of May next succeeding its passage under the general law. Uor does the act mention another certain day for its commencement, but it provides that the polls shall be opened at a certain time after the happening of an uncertain event. It therefore becomes material to inquire whether or not the condition or contingency on which this act depended for its vitality had happened on the fourth Thursday in May, 1866, the time the vote was taken under it.. *419At the time the act was passed an insurrection amounting to a civil war existed in the United States, and it. must be supposed that this is the war to which the act refers. Prize cases, 2 Black’s Rep., 635; Hedges vs. Price, 2 West Virginia Rep., 192; Hawver, et al., vs. Seldenridge, et al., Ibid, 274. Was that civil war over at the time the poll was taken? If not the event had not happened on which the act was to take effect. How are we to determine that question? It is a question to be determined by the political department of the government, and not by the judicial. The President of the United States by a proclamation issued on the 2nd day of April, 1866, declared that the insurrection which before that time existed in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, iTorth Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi and Florida was then at an end, and was thenceforth to be so regarded. And by another proclamation issued by him on the 20th day of August, 1866, he declared that the insurrection which before that time existed in the State of Texas was then at an end, and was thenceforth to.be so regarded. And by the last named proclamation the President further proclaimed, “that the said insurrection is at an end, and that peace, order, tranquility and civil authority now exist in and throughout the whole of the United States of America.” Of these proclamations this court must take notice judicially.
According to this last proclamation the insurrection was at an end and peace prevailed throughout the United States of America on the 20th day of August, 1866, so that on that day the 'war referred to in the act was over and the condition on which the act was to take effect then happened. On the fourth Thursday of the May then next following, according to the terms of the act, and not before that time, the vote might have been taken under the act. The vote, however, was taken before the act had vitality, and consequently is a mere nullity. But suppose that the condition had happened on which tbe act was to take effect, at the time the vote was taken it is claimed that the act is repealed •by chapter 78, section 8, Acts of 1863, page 69, in relation *420to the mode of removing county seats. In regard to the mode in which laws may be repealed by subsequent legislation it is laid down as a rule, that a general statute without negative words will not repeal the particular provisions of a former one, unless the two acts are irreconcilably inconsistent. Sedgwick on Statutory and Common Law, page 123; Brown vs. County Com., 21 Penn., 37. But if the two acts are irreconcilably inconsistent the first must give way to the last. Another rule is that a statute is impliedly repealed by a subsequent one revising the whole subject matter of the first. Sedgwick on Statutory and Common Law, page 126; 12 Mass. Sep., 537; 5 Pick., 168. To apply the first of these rules to the case under consideration, can the act of February 13th, 1862, he reconciled with the act of 1863, referred to ? The act of 1862 provides, “that it shall he lawful to open polls at the various places of voting- in the county of Calhoun, on the fourth Thursday in May,” &c. Section 8, of the act of 1863, provides that, “if it became necessary or desirable to remove the c&anty seat of any county to any place within the same, and such removal is deemed advisable by a majority of the hoard of supervisors of such county,” &c., and it is approved by three-fifths of the voters, &e. Under the act of 1862, it shall be lawful to open polls without the approval of the board of supervisors of Calhoun county, while under the act of 1863 the removal of the county seat must be deemed advisable by a majority of the board of supervisors of such county before a vote of the people could he had. I think, therefore, that the operative part of the act of 1862 is repealed by the 8th section of the act of 1863. But suppose the first act be tried by the test of the other rale above quoted, that a statute is impliedly repealed by a subsequent one revising the whole subject matter of the first. The constitution of the State of West Virginia took effect after the passage of the act of 1862. The 4th section of the 7th article of the constitution provides that, “the board of supervisors of each county, a majority of whom shall bo a quorum, shall under such general regulations as may be prescribed by law, have the snperiuten-*421denee of the internal affairs and fiscal concerns of their county,” &e. The legislature in prescribing general regulation to carry into effect the constitutional provision, on the subjeet of the removal of county seats, enacted seetion 8, of chapter 78, Acts of 1868, page 69, revising, as it seems to me the whole subjeet matter of the act of 1862, and impliedly repealed it.
As the county seat has been located at Stump’s farm by an aet of the legislature, passed on the 22nd day of January, 1867, since this ease has been in this court, there is nothing in the case but a question of costs.
I think the judgment or order complained of will have to ‘foe reversed with costs to the plaintiffs in error and the proceeding dismissed by this court.
The President concurred.
Obdeji reversed, and proceeding dismissed.