Court Opinion

ID: 4312906
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-09-17 15:06:58.205166+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:44:41.987433
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
                                                                                  FILED
      Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
      Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as                           Sep 17 2018, 9:31 am

      precedent or cited before any court except for the                          CLERK
      purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,                    Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                                 Court of Appeals
      collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.                                 and Tax Court

      APPELLANT PRO SE                                          ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
      Dwayne E. Gray                                            STATE FARM FIRE AND
      Indianapolis, Indiana                                     CASUALTY CO.
                                                                Dennis F. Cantrell
                                                                Keith D. Mundrick
                                                                Cantrell Strenski & Mehringer, LLP
                                                                Indianapolis, Indiana

                                                   IN THE
          COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

      Dwayne E. Gray,                                          September 17, 2018

      Appellant-Plaintiff,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                               49A02-1712-PL-2799
              v.                                               Appeal from the Marion Superior
                                                               Court

      PPS of Indiana, LLC, and State                           The Honorable Gary L. Miller, Judge
      Farm Fire and Casualty Co.,
                                                               Trial Court Cause No.
      Appellees-Defendants.                                    49D03-1702-PL-5757

      Shepard, Senior Judge.

[1]   The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of appellee State Farm Fire

      and Casualty Company (State Farm) on appellant Dwayne E. Gray’s complaint

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-PL-2799 | September 17, 2018       Page 1 of 8
      for damages. Concluding the trial court correctly entered judgment in State

      Farm’s favor, we affirm.

                               Facts and Procedural History
[2]   On September 1, 2015, Gray submitted a claim to State Farm under his renter’s

      policy for damage to furniture and other personal property from a leak due to a

      clogged bathtub. State Farm requested that Gray complete a Personal Property

      Inventory Form (PPIF) and provide a plumber’s report and photos of the

      damaged property so that it could investigate his claim. Gray submitted

      documents to State Farm, most of which did not fulfill its requests. After

      several exchanges between the two parties, Gray filed a small claims action

      against State Farm and PPS of Indiana, LLC, the entity that allegedly caused

      the damage to Gray’s property.

[3]   Following a bench trial, the small claims court entered judgment in favor of

      Gray in the amount of $927. The court ordered PPS to pay Gray’s deductible

      of $500 and ordered State Farm to pay the remainder of $427. Gray then

      sought trial de novo in the Marion Superior Court.

[4]   State Farm moved for summary judgment, claiming the evidence is undisputed

      that Gray breached the contract of insurance by not providing the PPIF and

      other documentation and by bringing suit without first complying with the

      provisions of his policy. In response, Gray also filed a motion for summary

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-PL-2799 | September 17, 2018   Page 2 of 8
      judgment against both State Farm and PPS. The court granted summary
                                                                                           1
      judgment in favor of State Farm and denied Gray’s motion.

                                                         Issues
                                                                                               2
[5]   Gray presents three issues on appeal, which we restate as two:

               I. Whether the court erred by granting summary judgment for
               State Farm; and
               II. Whether the court deprived Gray of his rights to due process
               by denying his discovery motions.

                                      Discussion and Decision
                                          I. Summary Judgment
[6]   On appeal from a grant of summary judgment, our standard of review is similar

      to that of the trial court: whether there exists a genuine issue of material fact

      and whether the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. City of

      Indianapolis v. Cox, 20 N.E.3d 201 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied; see also Ind.

      Trial Rule 56(C). Appellate review of a summary judgment motion is limited

      to those materials designated to the trial court. Sheehan Const. Co., Inc. v. Cont’l

      Cas. Co., 938 N.E.2d 685 (Ind. 2010). All facts and reasonable inferences drawn

      1
       We note that the trial court granted summary judgment to State Farm only; accordingly, Gray’s action
      against PPS remains pending in the trial court.
      2
        In his brief, Gray claims the trial court’s entry of summary judgment denied him his right to a jury trial. A
      grant of summary judgment brings a case to a close when one party or the other has no evidence that creates
      a material question of fact for a jury to decide. See Ind. Trial Rule 56(C); see also Winney v. Bd. of Comm’rs of
      Vigo Cty., 174 Ind. App. 624, 628, 369 N.E.2d 661, 663 (1977) (stating that if a claim presents only questions
      of law and presents no question of fact, there is no function for a jury). Such is the situation here.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-PL-2799 | September 17, 2018             Page 3 of 8
      from those facts are construed in favor of the non-movant. Id. Further, the trial

      court’s grant of summary judgment is clothed with a presumption of validity,

      and the party who lost in the trial court has the burden of demonstrating on

      appeal that the grant of summary judgment was erroneous. Auto-Owners Ins. Co.

      v. Benko, 964 N.E.2d 886 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied.

[7]   Gray’s policy contains the following pertinent provisions:

                                 SECTION I – LOSSES INSURED
              COVERAGE B – PERSONAL PROPERTY
              We insure for accidental direct physical loss to property described
              in Coverage B caused by the following perils, except as provided
              in SECTION I – LOSSES NOT INSURED:
              *****
              12. Sudden and accidental discharge or overflow of water or
              steam from within a plumbing, heating, air conditioning or
              automatic fire protective sprinkler system, or from within a
              household appliance.
              This peril does not include loss:
              a. to the system or appliance from which the water or steam
              escaped;
              b. caused by or resulting from freezing;
              c. caused by or resulting from water or sewage from outside the
              residence premises plumbing system that enters through sewers
              or drains, or water which enters into and overflows from within a
              sump pump, sump pump well or any other system designed to
              remove subsurface water which is drained from the foundation
              area; or
              d. caused by or resulting from continuous or repeated seepage or
              leakage of water or steam which occurs over a period of time and
              results in deterioration, corrosion, rust, mold, or wet or dry rot.
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-PL-2799 | September 17, 2018   Page 4 of 8
Appellee’s App. Vol. 2, pp. 47-48.

                              SECTION I – CONDITIONS
        *****
        2. Your Duties After Loss. After a loss to which this insurance
        may apply, you shall see that the following duties are performed:
        a. give immediate notice to us or our agent. Also notify the
        police if the loss is caused by theft. Also notify the credit card
        company or bank if the loss involves a credit card or bank fund
        transfer card;
        b. protect the property from further damage or loss, make
        reasonable and necessary temporary repairs required to protect
        the property, keep an accurate record of repair expenditures;
        c. prepare an inventory of damaged or stolen personal property.
        Show in detail the quantity, description, age, replacement cost
        and amount of loss. Attach to the inventory all bills, receipts and
        related documents that substantiate the figures in the inventory;
        d. as often as we reasonably require:
                 (1) exhibit the damaged property;
                 (2) provide us with records and documents we request and
                 permit us to make copies;
                 (3) submit to and subscribe, while not in the presence of
                 any other insured:
                         (a) statements; and
                         (b) examinations under oath; and
                 (4) produce employees, members of the insured’s
                 household or others for examination under oath to the
                 extent it is within the insured’s power to do so; and
        e. submit to us, within 60 days after the loss, your signed, sworn
        proof of loss which sets forth, to the best of your knowledge and
        belief:
                 (1) the time and cause of loss;
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-PL-2799 | September 17, 2018   Page 5 of 8
                       (2) interest of the insured and all others in the property
                       involved and all encumbrances on the property;
                       (3) other insurance which may cover the loss;
                       (4) changes in title or occupancy of the property during the
                       term of this policy;
                       (5) specifications of any damaged building and detailed
                       estimates for repair of the damage;
                       (6) an inventory of damaged or stolen personal property
                       described in 2.c.;
                       (7) receipts for additional living expenses incurred and
                       records supporting the fair rental value loss; and
                       (8) evidence or affidavit supporting a claim under the
                       Credit Card, Bank Fund Transfer Card, Forgery and
                       Counterfeit Money coverage, stating the amount and
                       cause of loss.
              *****
              7. Suit Against Us. No action shall be brought unless there has
              been compliance with the policy provisions. The action must be
              started within one year after the date of loss or damage.
      Id. at 51, 52.

[8]   In its motion for summary judgment, State Farm asserted it is entitled to

      judgment as a matter of law because Gray breached the insurance contract by

      failing to comply with the provisions requiring production of documentation

      following a loss and by violating the policy provision concerning suit against

      State Farm. In support of this contention, State Farm submitted an affidavit of

      the Claim Team Manager who handled Gray’s claim, along with copies of

      correspondence showing the documentation requested by State Farm and

      Gray’s responses to the requests. Although Gray submitted several documents,

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-PL-2799 | September 17, 2018   Page 6 of 8
       he did not provide all the necessary information for State Farm to properly

       investigate his claim. In response to State Farm’s final request, Gray instructed,

       “Save your questions for the judge we will be filing lawsuit against 3 fountains

       insurance for negligence and State Farm for breach of contract and bad faith in

       the amount of 8000.” Id. at 93. State Farm included in its designated materials

       the notice of claim Gray filed in small claims court as well as the complaint he

       subsequently filed in the superior court.

[9]    Gray’s own motion for summary judgment contained the small claims court’s

       judgments and, it appears, designated State Farm’s designated materials. On

       appeal, Gray presents this Court with nothing to overcome his burden of

       demonstrating that the grant of judgment was erroneous.

                                                II. Discovery
[10]   On this issue, Gray claims the trial court did not afford him due process when it

       denied his “properly drafted motions” and allowed State Farm to violate

       discovery rules. Appellant’s Br. p. 7. His argument on this contention is

       murky, at best.

[11]   On March 17, 2017, Gray filed with the court a “Motion to Leave and Request

       for Interrogatories and Production of Document to be Propounded to

       Defendant’s.” Appellant’s App. Vol. 2, p. 12. The motion included several

       interrogatory questions and one request for production of documents. On

       March 20, 2017, the court responded by drawing a line through the order Gray

       had submitted to the court with his motion and simply typing in “The Court

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-PL-2799 | September 17, 2018   Page 7 of 8
       orders all parties to comply with the Indiana Rules of Trial Procedure.” Id. at

       36. Gray claims that State Farm thereafter failed to respond to the discovery

       requests, prompting his filing of at least one motion for sanctions and two

       motions to compel. All were denied by the trial court, and, in denying the final

       motion to compel, the trial court added at the bottom of the order, “Plaintiff has

       failed to comply with Indiana [R]ules of Trial Procedure, including service.”

       Appellee’s App. Vol. 2, p. 9. State Farm asserts that Gray neither prepared nor

       served discovery requests in accordance with Trial Rules 33 and 34, and Gray

       points to nothing to show otherwise.

[12]   Thus, we find no violation of Gray’s due process rights. Stated simply, he did

       not follow the rules. See Thacker v. Wentzel, 797 N.E.2d 342 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2003) (stating that a litigant who chooses to proceed pro se will be held to same

       rules of procedure as trained legal counsel and must be prepared to accept

       consequences of his action).

                                                Conclusion
[13]   The trial court did not err in granting summary judgment for State Farm and it

       did not violate Gray’s due process rights.

[14]   Affirmed.

       Najam, J., and Mathias, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-PL-2799 | September 17, 2018   Page 8 of 8