Court Opinion

ID: 9469190
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-05 02:34:46.717738+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:41:16.626447
License: Public Domain

KENNEDY, Circuit Judge,
concurring:
Though we might have done so, the opinion does not address the precise question of what intent is required to sustain a conviction of an aider and abettor, or a principal, under 18 U.S.C. § 2113(e) (1976). I do interpret the opinion to hold that there must be more than an intent to commit a bank robbery. In this posture of the case, if there is a retrial, the district court must devise an appropriate instruction. I am somewhat uncomfortable about our failure to give further guidance, but I suppose there is ample justification in the failure of counsel for either party thoroughly to brief the issue.