Court Opinion

ID: 9381186
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-22 07:00:15.606817+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:30.555690
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                   MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

GREGORIO M. BAGAT,                              DOCKET NUMBER
             Appellant,                         SF-0831-16-0798-I-1

             v.

OFFICE OF PERSONNEL                             DATE: March 21, 2023
  MANAGEMENT,
              Agency.

        THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

      Rufus F. Nobles, I, Zambales, Philippines, for the appellant.

      Carla Robinson, Washington, D.C., for the agency.

                                      BEFORE

                          Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                           Raymond A. Limon, Member
                           Tristan L. Leavitt, Member 2

1
   A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
2
  Member Leavitt’s name is included in decisions on which the three -member Board
completed the voting process prior to his March 1, 2023 departure.
                                                                                         2

                                      FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     affirmed the reconsideration decision of the Office of Personnel Management
     (OPM).      Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the following
     circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact;
     the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation
     or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative
     judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision
     were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion,
     and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material
     evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due
     diligence, was not available when the record closed.        Title 5 of the Code of
     Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).             After fully
     considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not
     established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review.
     Therefore, we DENY the petition for review. Except as expressly MODIFIED by
     this Final Order to find that the appellant did not seek to make a deposit into the
     Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund (Fund) and to instead find that he
     did not prove his entitlement to a deferred annuity, we AFFIRM the initial
     decision.

                                      BACKGROUND
¶2         The appellant is a former employee of the Department of the Navy (Navy)
     in Subic Bay, Philippines. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 2 at 10-17. The Navy
     initially appointed him to a GS-5 Jungle Survival Instructor position on
     January 16, 1971, in the excepted service, which had a not-to-exceed date of
     January 15, 1972. Id. at 17. The Navy continued to employ and promote him.
     Id. at 11-16. Upon his termination from Federal service on April 15, 1992, he
     held the position of GS-9 Training Instructor (Jungle Survivor School) and had
                                                                                           3

     21 years, 4 months, and 28 days of service in accordance with the Filipino
     Employees     Personnel   Instructions    (FEPI)   and    the   collective   bargaining
     agreement. Id. at 10.
¶3         Although the Navy terminated the appellant in April 1992, he submitted an
     application for a deferred annuity pursuant to the Civil Service Retirement
     System (CSRS) on May 18, 2014—over 20 years later. Id. at 8-9. On August 4,
     2016, OPM issued a reconsideration decision denying his application. Id. at 6-7.
     The letter stated that, although the appellant had performed civilian service for
     the Federal government, he had not performed service covered by the Civil
     Service Retirement Act (CSRA). IAF, Tab 2 at 6. Further, the letter explained
     that, to be eligible for a civil service annuity, an employee must have been
     employed by the Federal Government for at least 5 years with at least 1 year
     within the 2-year period immediately preceding the employee’s separation having
     been covered by the CSRS. Id. The letter informed the appellant that he could
     not meet this requirement for non-deduction service by making a deposit because
     he was not a current employee serving in a covered position. Id. Thus, he was
     not entitled to an annuity or to make a deposit. Id.
¶4         The appellant filed the instant appeal challenging the reconsideration
     decision of OPM to the extent that he was denied a CSRS annuity for his service
     ending on September 30, 1982. IAF, Tab 1. He did not request a hearing. Id.
     The administrative judge issued an initial decision affirming the reconsideration
     decision. IAF, Tab 3, Initial Decision (ID). 3

     3
       This appeal was originally consolidated with seven other simultaneously filed appeals
     making virtually identical claims, but the administrative judge terminated the
     consolidation and issued a separate initial decision for each appellant . ID at 1-2 n.1;
     see Eight Philippine Retirement Applicants v. Office of Personnel Management, MSPB
     Docket No. SF-0831-16-0806-I-1.
                                                                                           4

¶5         The appellant has filed a petition for review, and OPM has responded in
     opposition to the appellant’s petition. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tabs 1, 4. 4

                      DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶6         In appeals from OPM reconsideration decisions involving retirement
     benefits under the CSRA, the appellant has the burden of proving entitlement to
     benefits by preponderant evidence. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.56(b)(2)(ii). To qualify for
     an annuity under the CSRA, an employee ordinarily must have completed at least
     5 years of creditable civilian service and at least 1 of the 2 years before
     separation must be in “covered service.”       5 U.S.C. § 8333(a)-(b); Quiocson v.
     Office of Personnel Management, 490 F.3d 1358, 1360 (Fed. Cir. 2007). While
     almost all Federal service is creditable, covered service includes only
     appointments subject to the CSRA for which employees must deposit part of their
     pay into the Fund. See Noveloso v. Office of Personnel Management, 45 M.S.P.R.
     321, 323 (1990), aff’d, 925 F.2d 1478 (Fed. Cir. 1991) (Table). The service of
     employees appointed under temporary, intermittent, term, and excepted indefinite
     appointments is usually creditable, but it has been excluded from coverage under
     the CSRA. Encarnado v. Office of Personnel Management, 116 M.S.P.R. 301, ¶ 8
     (2011); 5 C.F.R. § 831.201(a). Thus, an employee who has only served in such
     appointments is not entitled to a CSRS annuity. Quiocson, 490 F.3d at 1360.

     4
       The appellant has attached an annuity check and Standard Form 50s of two other
     employees to his petition for review. PFR File, Tab 1 at 20-25. The Board generally
     will not consider evidence submitted for the first time on review absent a showing that
     the documents and the information contained in the documents were unavailable before
     the record closed despite due diligence and that the evidence is of sufficient weight to
     warrant an outcome different from that of the initial decision. See Cleaton v.
     Department of Justice, 122 M.S.P.R. 296, ¶ 7 (2015), aff’d, 839 F.3d 1126 (Fed. Cir.
     2016); 5 C.F.R. § 1201.115(d). Here, the appellant has not alleged or shown that the
     documents, all of which predate the close of the record, were unavailable below or that
     they are material to the dispositive issue on review. Therefore, we do not consider
     them for the first time on review.
                                                                                            5

¶7           The   administrative   judge   issued   an   initial   decision   affirming   the
     reconsideration decision of OPM, finding that the appellant was not entitled to a
     CSRS annuity. ID at 6-11. She found that the appellant served in temporary,
     indefinite appointments or certain permanent positions in the excepted service, all
     of which were subject to FEPI, and none of which were covered under the CSRA.
     ID at 7-8, 11; IAF, Tab 2 at 10-17. Thus, she concluded that the appellant was
     not entitled to the deferred annuity that he sought. 5 ID at 11.
¶8           On review, the appellant admits that each of his appointments was either
     temporary or indefinite and that none was covered by the CSRA. PFR File, Tab 1
     at 2.    However, he asserts that, according to his interpretation of 5 C.F.R.
     § 831.303(a), he was entitled to a deferred annuity under CSRS for his s ervice
     beginning on January 16, 1971, and ending on September 30, 1982. PFR File,
     Tab 1 at 1-17; IAF, Tab 1. He argues that, because, under section 831.303(a), a
     deposit was constructively made for this period of service, he was an “employee”
     with “covered service” during that period and thus entitled to a CSRS annuity for
     his service beginning on January 16, 1971, and ending on September 30, 1982.
     PFR File, Tab 1 at 1-17; IAF, Tab 1.
¶9           In Lledo v. Office of Personnel Management, 886 F.3d 1211 (Fed. Cir.
     2018), the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit rejected a sufficiently
     similar argument raised by another former employee of the Navy in Subic Bay,
     Philippines seeking to have his creditable service in a position that was not
     covered under the CSRS be deemed covered service for the purposes of an

     5
       The administrative judge found that the appellant was not eligible to make a deposit
     for any creditable service because he is not an “employee” as defined by 5 U.S.C.
     § 8332(c). ID at 6-7. However, the appellant did not ask to make a deposit and instead
     stated that, according to his interpretation of 5 C.F.R. § 831.303, he would instead
     receive credit for his service from January 16, 1971, until September 30, 1982, without
     making a deposit. IAF, Tab 1. Accordingly, we modify the initial decision to exclude
     the administrative judge’s consideration of this issue and instead consider only the
     appellant’s entitlement to a deferred annuity.
                                                                                        6

      annuity. The court explained that 5 C.F.R. § 831.303(a) “permits an employee
      engaged in creditable civilian service before October 1, 1982, for which
      retirement deductions were not taken, to elect to make a deposit according to
      5 U.S.C. § 8334(c) or otherwise have his annuity reduced.” Id. at 1214. The
      purpose of this provision is to allow an individual who is otherwise entitled to an
      annuity to include that creditable service in the annuity computation. Id. It does
      not “convert creditable service into covered service” for the purpose of annuity
      entitlement. Id. Accordingly, we find that 5 C.F.R. § 831.303(a) is not related to
      whether the appellant is entitled to make a deposit and provides no basis for
      finding that the appellant had covered service.
¶10        The appellant also asserts that he was entitled to receive both FEPI benefits
      and a CSRS annuity. PFR File, Tab 1 at 18-19. However, an employee’s receipt
      of benefits under a non-CSRS plan, such as FEPI, indicates that this service was
      not covered under the CSRS.       Quiocson, 490 F.3d at 1360.      The appellant’s
      Standard Form 50 documenting his termination from Federal service on April 15,
      1992, indicates that he received benefits under FEPI, and he does not dispute this.
      IAF, Tab 2 at 10; PFR File, Tab 1. Thus, this is further evidence that he was not
      entitled to a CSRS annuity.       Espiritu v. Office of Personnel Management,
      114 M.S.P.R. 192, ¶ 9 (2010), aff’d per curiam, 431 F. App’x 897 (Fed. Cir.
      2011).
¶11        We otherwise find no reason to disturb the administrative judge’s
      conclusion that the appellant’s service was not covered by the CSRA and was
      instead subject to FEPI. ID at 11. Accordingly, we find that the appellant is not
      entitled to a deferred annuity under the CSRA. See Quiocson, 490 F.3d at 1361.
                                                                                      7

                         NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 6
      The initial decision, as supplemented by this Final Order, constitutes the
Board’s final decision in this matter.      5 C.F.R. § 1201.113.     You may obtain
review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By statute, the nature of
your claims determines the time limit for seeking such review and the appropriate
forum with which to file. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b). Although we offer the following
summary of available appeal rights, the Merit Systems Protection Board does not
provide legal advice on which option is most appropr iate for your situation and
the rights described below do not represent a statement of how courts will rule
regarding which cases fall within their jurisdiction. If you wish to seek review of
this final decision, you should immediately review the law appl icable to your
claims and carefully follow all filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file
within the applicable time limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your
chosen forum.
      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choic es of review
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions
about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.             5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).

6
  Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                         8

      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit    your   petition    to   the   court   at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of partic ular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or    EEOC    review     of   cases      involving    a   claim    of
discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court (not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.      5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. ____ , 137 S. Ct. 1975 (2017).                 If you have a
representative in this case, and your representative receives this decision before
you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar days
after your representative receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of
                                                                                  9

discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling
condition, you may be entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and
to waiver of any requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security. See
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                  P.O. Box 77960
                             Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant   to   the   Whistleblower     Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
                                                                                     10

other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in
section 2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or
2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial
review either with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court
of appeals of competent jurisdiction. 7 The court of appeals must receive your
petition for review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision. 5
U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                               U.S. Court of Appeals
                               for the Federal Circuit
                              717 Madison Place, N.W.
                              Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation

7
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115 -195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                           11

for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:                                    /s/ for
                                          Jennifer Everling
                                          Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.