Court Opinion

ID: 3011951
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Date Created: 2015-10-13 21:04:34.949212+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:48:51.796264
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Opinions of the United
2002 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

10-10-2002

Lamb Road Assoc v. Liberty Mutl Ins Co
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 02-1082

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Recommended Citation
"Lamb Road Assoc v. Liberty Mutl Ins Co" (2002). 2002 Decisions. Paper 645.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2002/645

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                                             NOT PRECEDENTIAL

     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
          FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                    __________

                   NO. 02-1082
                   __________

          LAMB ROAD ASSOCIATES,

                          Appellant

                            v.

  LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY;
      MAGNECRAFT-STRUTHERS-DUNN;
     STRUTHERS-DUNN, INC.; MSD, INC.;
    JOHN DOE, 1-100; ABC CORPORATION,
                   2-100
                __________

   On Appeal from the United States District Court
             for the District of New Jersey
            (D.C. Civil No. 99-cv-02866)
   District Judge: Honorable Stephen M. Orlofsky

                    __________

               Argued August 1, 2002

Before: ROTH, RENDELL and AMBRO, Circuit Judges

          (Opinion filed October 9, 2002)
                                                        Louis Giansante [ARGUED]
                                                        23 East Main Street
                                                        Moorestown, NJ 08057
                                                           Counsel for Appellant
                                                           Lambs Road Associates

                                                        John C. Sullivan [ARGUED]
                                                        Post & Schell
                                                        1800 JFK Boulevbard, 19th Floor
                                                        Philadelphia, PA 19103
                                                           Counsel for Appellee
                                                           Liberty Mutual Insurance Company

                                                        Paul R. Levenson [ARGUED]
                                                        Kaplan, Gottbetter & Levenson
                                                        630 third Avenue
                                                        New York, NY 10017
                                                           Counsel for Appellee
                                                           MSD Inc.

                                              _________

                                     OPINION OF THE COURT
                                           __________

RENDELL, Circuit Judge.

        Lambs Road Associates1 appeals the District Court’s grant of summary judgment in

favor of Liberty Mutual. Because we find no error in the District Court’s determinations,

  1
    Hereafter, “Lambs Road.” We note that the official caption lists the entity’s name
inaccurately as “Lamb Road Associates.”

                                                  -2-
we will affirm the District Court’s Order in all respects.

        Lambs Road is a New Jersey partnership that invests in and develops real estate. The

claims before the District Court arose out of the contamination of one of the parcels of

land it owns, which is adjacent to land that was owned by Struthers Dunn, Inc. (“SDI”). SDI

used the parcel for manufacturing electronic relays for use in military and aerospace

products from approximately 1954 until 1994, when it moved its operations to

Connecticut. It is not contested that hazardous materials from the manufacturing leached

onto the land owned by Lambs Road.

        In 1985, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s (“DEP”)

Division of Water Resources asked SDI to remove contaminated soil and cap a lagoon that

it had used to store sludge from its wastewater treatment system. In 1986, SDI entered into

an administrative consent order with DEP allowing SDI to sell the property while posting

assurance funds and remediating the site.

        In 1995, pursuant to complaints, the DEP’s Bureau of Emergency Response found

several uncovered fiberglass vats in the production building, as well as other storage

containers. When the EPA responded to a request for assistance, it found hydrogen

peroxide, sulfuric acid, chromic acid, copper cyanide, potassium hydroxide, methyl ethyl

ketone and methanol in the building. In the flammables storage building there were

solvents, oils, and gasoline. There was also an outside storage vat containing cylinders of

compressed gases. In July 1995, SDI agreed to remove the hazardous wastes, and a

“substantial portion” of the removal was completed before the Order became effective.

                                                    -3-
        SDI notified Lambs Road in 1988 that its property might be contaminated. Lambs

Road filed suit against SDI and its parent, Nytronics Components Inc. in 1990 in New

Jersey state court for damages and clean-up costs. The suit was settled prior to trial. One

of the provisions of the settlement was that SDI would purchase Lambs Road’s land, and

make payments secured by a mortgage on the land. Lambs Road then sued several of SDI’s

insurers for the remainder of its damages from the contamination.

        In April 1999, during trial, the parties reached a settlement. Liberty Mutual was not

initially named a defendant by Lambs Road. When Lambs Road sought to add Liberty

Mutual, shortly before trial, the court severed the claims against Liberty Mutual, because

trial was imminent.

        When SDI failed to meet its mortgage obligations under the terms of the original

settlement agreement, Lambs Road initiated foreclosure action, which resulted in a default

judgment, and the land was returned to the ownership of Lambs Road.

        In June 1999, Lambs Road filed suit in the United States District Court for the

District of New Jersey, asserting claims for damages based on the Resource Conservation

and Recovery Act (“RCRA”), 42 U.S.C. § 6972, and state law, against Liberty Mutual, SDI,

and against SDI’s putative successor corporation, MSD. The District Court dismissed its

complaint in November 2000 for lack of subject matter jurisdiction because the citizen suit

provisions of RCRA provide for injunctive relief but not for damages.

        Thereafter, Lambs Road filed an amended complaint, and the District Court granted

summary judgment to the defendants in December 2001. The District Court reasoned that

                                                  -4-
the citizen suit provision of the RCRA – 42 U.S.C. § 6972 – provided for actions only to

enforce the terms of clean-up requirements, and could not be the basis of a direct action

for collection of money damages against violators. It further held that Lambs Road did not

provide adequate evidence that it gave statutorily-required notice to SDI or MSD. The

District Court also noted that Liberty Mutual could invoke the same defenses as the alleged

violator, thus relying on res judicata and the entire controversy doctrine available to SDI

and MSD. Finally, the court granted summary judgment in favor of defendants on all of the

state law claims.2

         Before us, Lambs Road alleges that the District Court made procedural and

substantive errors, raising five specific challenges.

         We will deal with appellant’s arguments in the order addressed in its brief.

         1.       Procedural Errors.

                  (a)    Summary judgment and discovery.

                         Lambs Road complains that it was “prevented” from conducting

discovery during the two years the case was pending, and that the motion to dismiss was

“improperly converted” into a summary judgment motion without adequate discovery as to

factual issues.

                         We note that, from the outset, the motion to dismiss was captioned in

the alternative as a motion to dismiss or for summary judgment; thus, Lambs Road was put

  2
      We have jurisdiction over this appeal from a final order based on 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

                                                        -5-
on notice as to the prospect of summary judgment and the need for discovery. Lambs Road

has not pointed to any request or motion for discovery, and the record reflects that its

assertion of the need for discovery was less than aggressive. In the District Court’s initial

order staying discovery, the Court indicated that counsel had indicated the need for little if

any discovery. Accordingly, we do not find any abuse of discretion on the part of the

District Court.

                  (b)    Dismissal as against Liberty Mutual.

                         Lambs Road cites as its second procedural error the District Court’s

dismissal of its complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction as against Liberty Mutual

based upon 42 U.S.C. § 6924(t)(2). The District Court’s initial order dismissed the cause

of action against Liberty Mutual based upon the Court’s view that the “citizen’s suit”

provisions of RCRA provided injunctive relief, and the “guarantor” provision relied upon,

namely § 6924(t)(2), could not be used as a vehicle to collect damages for cleanup. We

conclude that we need not rule on the applicability of this section to the collection of

monies in this factual setting, because the District Court also held – and, we think, properly

– that Liberty Mutual was entitled to judgment in its favor because it could avail itself of

the same defenses as the alleged violator, thus relying on res judicata and the entire

controversy doctrine available to SDI/MSD. Therefore, dismissal was appropriate.

        (c)       Notice of suit as to Struthers-Dunn.

                         Lambs Road also complains that the District Court incorrectly

concluded that there had been inadequate notice of suit provided to Struthers-Dunn (“SDI”).

                                                    -6-
Here, Lambs Road’s evidentiary offering was more argument than proof. The District

Court found the hearsay nature of the proof of notice objectionable, and Lambs Road has

not convinced us that this was error on the part of the District Court. Accordingly, we find

little merit to this argument.

                 (d)      Confusion created by docket.

                          Lambs Road also raises as an issue the “apparent confusion” created

by the docket regarding the relationship between SDI and MSD. We do not find the

confusion Lamb Road asserts and see no merit to this argument.

        2.       Substantive Errors

                 (a)      Preemption/bar of environmental claims.

                          Lambs Road contends that its claims could not have been asserted

until 1998, when SDI abandoned its cleanup of the plaintiff’s property. We find this

argument to be misplaced, since Lambs Road had sued SDI numerous times, and it clearly

was aware of all the environmental problems with the property. Lambs Road argues that its

environmental claims “were preempted” as long as SDI was subject to a consent order.

However, we find no preemption or “bar” as asserted by Lambs Road, either based on fact

or law. Further, Lambs Road’s claim that it could not proceed while an order was in effect

seems to run counter to the entire thrust of RCRA and to demonstrate that Lambs Road’s

claims were in fact essentially damage claims brought after the fact, which are barred by

res judicata and the entire controversy doctrine.

                 (b)      Money damages.

                                                    -7-
                         Lambs Road contends that it is entitled to damages based upon our

opinion in United States v. Price, 688 F.2d 204 (3d Cir. 1982). There, we noted that “the

fact that an injunction may require the payment or expenditure of money does not

necessarily foreclose the possibility of equitable relief.” Id. at 214. Here, Lambs Road is

not seeking payment of money incidental to an injunction; rather, its claim for injunctive

relief is in essence a suit for damages.

        Accordingly, we conclude that the District Court did not err in either its procedural

or substantive rulings. We will AFFIRM.

                                                   -8-
___________________________                By the Court,

                                    /s/ Marjorie O. Rendell
                                    Circuit Judge

Dated:   October 9, 2002

                              -9-