Court Opinion

ID: 4358944
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-01-15 20:08:54.6652+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:07:27.826604
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

                                NO. 2017-KA-00716-COA

STEPHEN VIRGIL McGILBERRY A/K/A                                              APPELLANT
STEPHEN McGILBERRY

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI                                                           APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                          04/25/2017
TRIAL JUDGE:                               HON. ROBERT P. KREBS
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                 JACKSON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                   OFFICE OF STATE PUBLIC DEFENDER
                                           BY: GEORGE T. HOLMES
                                           STACY L. FERRARO
                                           ROBERT MICHAEL CUNNINGHAM II
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:                    OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                           BY: KATY TAYLOR GERBER
                                           JOSEPH SCOTT HEMLEBEN
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:                         ANTHONY N. LAWRENCE III
NATURE OF THE CASE:                        CRIMINAL - FELONY
DISPOSITION:                               REVERSED AND REMANDED - 01/15/2019
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

       BEFORE GRIFFIS, C.J., BARNES AND CARLTON, P.JJ.

       BARNES, P.J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    In 1994, sixteen-year-old Stephen McGilberry was indicted on four counts of capital

murder for the bludgeoning deaths of Patricia Purifoy, his mother; Kenneth Purifoy, his

stepfather; Kimberly Self, his half-sister, and Kristopher Self, his three-year-old nephew and

Kimberly’s son. On February 8, 1996, after a jury trial in Jackson County Circuit Court,
McGilberry was convicted on all counts and sentenced to death.1

¶2.    Following the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S.

551 (2005)—holding it is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for crimes

committed before age eighteen—the trial court resentenced McGilberry to life without

eligibility for parole (LWOP) on all four counts, with the sentences to run consecutively in

the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections.

¶3.    In 2012, the Supreme Court held in Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012), that

imposing a mandatory sentence of LWOP on an offender under the age of eighteen violated

the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. The Miller

Court identified several factors the sentencing authority must consider before sentencing a

juvenile offender to LWOP, stating:

       Mandatory life without parole for a juvenile precludes consideration of his
       chronological age and its hallmark features—among them, immaturity,
       impetuosity, and failure to appreciate risks and consequences. It prevents
       taking into account the family and home environment that surrounds him—and
       from which he cannot usually extricate himself—no matter how brutal or
       dysfunctional. It neglects the circumstances of the homicide offense, including
       the extent of his participation in the conduct and the way familial and peer
       pressures may have affected him. Indeed, it ignores that he might have been
       charged and convicted of a lesser offense if not for incompetencies associated
       with youth—for example, his inability to deal with police officers or
       prosecutors (including on a plea agreement) or his incapacity to assist his own
       attorneys. . . . And finally, this mandatory punishment disregards the
       possibility of rehabilitation even when the circumstances most suggest it.

Id. at 477-78 (citations omitted). In light of Miller’s holding, McGilberry filed a motion to

       1
        The Mississippi Supreme Court affirmed McGilberry’s convictions and sentences
on June 3, 1999. McGilberry v. State, 741 So. 2d 894, 925 (¶137) (Miss. 1999).
McGilberry subsequently filed a petition for post-conviction relief, which the supreme court
denied on March 6, 2003. McGilberry v. State, 843 So. 2d 21, 34 (¶35) (Miss. 2003).

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vacate his sentences with the Mississippi Supreme Court in 2014. The supreme court granted

McGilberry leave to file a motion for post-conviction relief (PCR) in the trial court.

¶4.    On November 23, 2015, the trial court denied McGilberry’s PCR motion in part, and

deferred ruling in part until a Miller resentencing hearing could be held. A motions hearing

was held on November 7, 2016, with McGilberry arguing that he should be resentenced to

life with eligibility for parole and that he be resentenced by a jury. The court denied

McGilberry’s motion to be resentenced by a jury; his motion to be resentenced to life with

eligibility for parole was held in abeyance until after a hearing on December 6, 2016.2

¶5.    At the Miller hearing, the State offered the trial transcript and testimony from two

victim-impact witnesses. McGilberry presented the expert testimonies of three witnesses:

Dr. Marc Zimmerman, Dr. Sarah Deland, and Dr. Julie Teater. Dr. Zimmerman, an expert

in forensic psychology who had examined McGilberry in 2001, testified that it was his belief

McGilberry had been “neglected and abused.” He found McGilberry to be “more mature”

since 2001 and said he would not assess him as “incorrigible.”               Dr. Zimmerman

acknowledged, however, that prison, with its structure and restrictions, had likely contributed

to McGilberry’s progress.

¶6.    Dr. Deland, a forensic psychiatrist, examined McGilberry in 2001 and 2016. She

       2
        Although the jury had the option to sentence McGilberry to death, LWOP, or life
imprisonment, the State has not challenged the applicability of Miller to McGilberry’s
sentences. See Miller, 567 U.S. at 477-79 (“Mandatory life without parole for a juvenile
precludes consideration of his chronological age and its hallmark features . . . . We therefore
hold that the Eighth Amendment forbids a sentencing scheme that mandates life in prison
without possibility of parole for juvenile offenders.”) (Emphasis added). Therefore, we
deem this issue waived.

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noted that there had been substance abuse and mental health issues in his family and that he

had issues with controlling his impulses and was emotionally immature. With regard to her

recent examination, she testified that he was “a quite different person,” and she found no

“evidence of active mental illness.” She admitted on cross-examination that McGilberry had

violated prison rules by possessing contraband, including alcohol and two “shanks.” Dr.

Teater, an expert in forensic and clinical psychology who had recently examined McGilberry,

noted his family history of mental issues and substance abuse. But she acknowledged that

McGilberry recalled to her only two instances when his mother was abusive, pulling his hair.

¶7.    The trial court entered its “Resentencing Order” on April 25, 2017. Discussing the

Miller factors—particularly the defendant’s family and home environment, the heinousness

of the crime, the defendant’s age and attendant characteristics, and whether the defendant

was irreparably corrupt—and the experts’ testimony, the court upheld McGilberry’s

consecutive sentences of LWOP. The trial court noted that McGilberry was the “ringleader”

of the plot to commit the brutal murders of his mother, stepfather, half-sister, and nephew,

acting with deliberation in planning the murders and trying to conceal the evidence. The

court also determined that McGilberry had expressed no remorse or regret, except to tell Dr.

Deland he now realized he had other options at the time. Since being incarcerated,

McGilberry has had twenty-three rules violations, including possession of weapons and

alcohol.

¶8.    McGilberry appeals, alleging that (1) the trial court failed to comply with the legal

standards and procedures in Miller; (2) he should have been resentenced by a jury; (3) his

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sentences of LWOP are constitutionally disproportionate; and (4) his sentences constitute

cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment of the United States

Constitution. Consistent with our recent decision in Wharton v. State, 2017-CA-00441-COA,

2018 WL 4708220 (Miss. Ct. App. Oct. 2, 2018), we find that McGilberry is entitled to

resentencing by a jury because he was convicted of capital murder and sentenced under

Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-101 (Rev. 1994). Accordingly, we reverse and

remand for resentencing by a jury.

                                        DISCUSSION

¶9.    At a motions hearing on July 17, 2015, McGilberry’s counsel argued that McGilberry

“was entitled to a jury for purposes of resentencing,” since section 99-19-101 does not

provide any exception to the jury’s sentencing a capital offender. The trial court found no

merit to this argument and denied the motion. McGilberry reasserted his claim in a separate

motion for jury resentencing, which the trial court also denied, adopting its previous ruling.

On appeal, McGilberry again argues that under section 99-19-101, he “was entitled to be

resentenced by a jury” and therefore, his sentences should be vacated and the case remanded.

¶10.   Section 99-19-101(1) (Rev. 2014) provides in pertinent part:

       Upon conviction or adjudication of guilt of a defendant of capital murder or
       other capital offense, the court shall conduct a separate sentencing proceeding
       to determine whether the defendant should be sentenced to death, life
       imprisonment without eligibility for parole, or life imprisonment. The
       proceeding shall be conducted by the trial judge before the trial jury as soon
       as practicable. If, through impossibility or inability, the trial jury is unable to
       reconvene for a hearing on the issue of penalty, having determined the guilt of
       the accused, the trial judge may summon a jury to determine the issue of the
       imposition of the penalty. If the trial jury has been waived, or if the defendant
       pleaded guilty, the sentencing proceeding shall be conducted before a jury

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       impaneled for that purpose or may be conducted before the trial judge sitting
       without a jury if both the State of Mississippi and the defendant agree thereto
       in writing.

In Wharton, our Court addressed this precise issue posed by McGilberry—whether a juvenile

capital defendant, who is convicted by a jury, is entitled to sentencing by a jury in a Miller

hearing. We determined that section 99-19-101 confers the right to be resentenced by a jury

in such circumstances, holding:

       Specifically, under section 99-19-101’s sentencing scheme, the Legislature has
       vested sentencing authority in the jury, and that authority only allows a
       sentencing proceeding to be conducted before a trial judge without a jury if the
       right to a jury was waived or the defendant pleaded guilty. . . . Moreover, the
       Mississippi Legislature has not prescribed any other resentencing authority or
       procedure to consider the postconviction Miller resentencing factors, as other
       states have done. Accordingly, the sentencing authority to consider the Miller
       factors in Wharton’s case remains with the jury, as prescribed by section 99-
       19-101.

Wharton, 2018 WL 4708220, at *4-5 (¶15).

¶11.   Since our decision in Wharton, the State has filed a motion for rehearing, asserting

that section 99-19-101 is not applicable to resentencing under Miller. As the motion directly

addresses our analysis in the present case, we find it necessary to discuss these issues. In its

motion, the State cites Cook v. State, 242 So. 3d 865 (Miss. Ct. App. 2017), and Pham v.

State, 716 So. 2d 1100 (Miss. 1998), as contrary to Wharton. We find both cases

distinguishable from the present case and from Wharton. In Cook, this Court did indeed find

that section 99-19-101 did not “grant Cook a right to a jury in a ‘Miller hearing’.” Cook, 242

So. 2d at 877 (¶44). Unlike Wharton and McGilberry, however, Jerrard Cook entered a

guilty plea, waiving his right to jury sentencing under section 99-19-101.

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¶12.   In Pham, 716 So. 2d at 1103-04 (¶¶21, 24), the Mississippi Supreme Court held that

the capital defendant was not entitled to a separate sentencing hearing before a jury under

section 99-19-101 because the State did not seek the death penalty; therefore, the trial judge

had only one option for sentencing—life without eligibility for parole.

       [G]iven the fact that there was only one sentence which Pham could receive
       upon a valid conviction of capital murder under the facts of this case, Pham’s
       right to due process was not violated by the trial judge cutting out the extra,
       but meaningless, procedural step. To hold otherwise would elevate form over
       function.

Id. at 1104 (¶24). The State argues that because the death penalty is no longer an option, the

trial court need not empanel a jury for resentencing. We disagree. Here, the Miller

sentencing hearing allows the sentencing authority to decide whether to sentence McGilberry

to life with or without eligibility for parole. Thus, we cannot say that remanding for the

appropriate sentencing authority—the jury—would be a “meaningless, procedural step”

elevating “form over function.” See Pham, 716 So. 2d at 1104 (¶24).

¶13.   As to McGilberry’s claim of a “constitutional right” to have a jury consider the Miller

factors, we expressly rejected this argument in Cook, concluding: “Unless the United States

Supreme Court’s opinions in Miller and Montgomery [v. Louisiana, 136 S. Ct. 718 (2016)]

do not mean what they specifically say—that a judge may sentence the offender to

LWOP—Cook does not have a constitutional right to be resentenced by a jury.” Cook, 242

So. 2d at 876 (¶40). As noted, Cook pled guilty to capital murder; thereby, waiving his right

to be sentenced by a jury under section 99-19-101. McGilberry has cited no authority that

would persuade us to reconsider our holding. The remaining issues are moot based on our

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decision to remand for a sentencing hearing before a jury.

¶14.   Under section 99-19-101, the Legislature has vested sentencing authority of a capital

defendant solely with the jury, except in cases where the defendant pleads guilty.

McGilberry was convicted on four counts of capital murder and sentenced by the jury under

section 99-19-101. Therefore, based on this Court’s analysis in Wharton, we remand this

case for a Miller resentencing by a jury.

¶15.   REVERSED AND REMANDED.

    GRIFFIS, C.J., CARLTON, P.J., WILSON, GREENLEE, WESTBROOKS AND
TINDELL, JJ., CONCUR. McDONALD, LAWRENCE AND McCARTY, JJ., NOT
PARTICIPATING.

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