Court Opinion

ID: 3821085
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-06 07:55:57.662034+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:13:44.366289
License: Public Domain

This is an action brought by the defendant in error against the plaintiff in error to recover upon an account for goods, wares, and merchandise sold by defendant in error to plaintiff in error, in the sum of $839.21. Plaintiff in error filed an answer denying each and every allegation of the petition. Hereafter the parties will be designated as they were in the trial court. *Page 133 
The evidence was in conflict as to whether the said credit was extended to the defendant individually, or the goods, wares, and merchandise were purchased by the defendant as agent of the Comanche Mercantile Company, a corporation. The case was tried to a jury, and among other instructions the court gave the following:
"Upon the other hand if, after fair and impartial consideration of all the testimony in this case, you believe that the plaintiff has failed to establish by a preponderance of the testimony the things set out in the last instruction, or you believe that at the time of the purchase the evidence clearly establishes that the defendant was acting for a corporation known as the 'Comanche Mercantile Company,' and disclosed that fact to the plaintiff, and did not purposely conceal anything from the plaintiff with reference thereto, for the purpose of deceiving the plaintiff, and that the transaction was in good faith upon his part, as the agent of the Commanche Mercantile Company, it would be your duty to find for the defendant."
To which instruction the defendant duly excepted. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, which was duly excepted to, a timely motion for a new trial made, which was overruled and exceptions saved, and this appeal perfected.
There is but one issue involved in this case: Was the credit extended to the defendant individually, or to the defendant as the agent of the Commanche Mercantile Company? The petition averred that the credit was extended to the defendant individually, and it averred that he was doing business as the "Commanche Mercantile Companv." This averment is denied by the defendant. The burden was upon the plaintiff to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the credit was extended *Page 134 
to the defendant individually. The latter part of the instruction under review was calculated to mislead the jury and cause them to believe that the burden of proof was shifted to the defendant, and required him to "clearly establish that he was acting for the said corporation."
It being averred by the plaintiff and denied by the defendant that the credit was individually extended to the defendant, the plaintiff could not legally recover, unless this contention for the plaintiff was sustained by a preponderance of the evidence. If the evidence on this, the vital issue in this case, was in equipose, the defendant should have had the verdict. Certainly it was not the duty of the defendant to clearly establish by evidence that this material averment of the petition was untrue.
We are of the opinion that the giving of said instruction was reversible error.
"The burden of establishing the entire case by a preponderance of the evidence is at all times upon the party having the affirmative, and remains during the entire case where the pleadings originally placed it." (Standard MarineIns. Co. v. Traders' Compress Co., 46 Okla. 356,148 P. 1019.)
"So far as the party having the burden of proof is concerned, two results obviously follow from the rule: (1) The two burdens are upon the same person at the begining of the trial. Until the party having the burden of proof establishes a prima facie
case in his own favor, his adversary need do nothing. The actor has failed. A motion to direct a verdict is in order. The inertia of the court is not yet overcome, and that is victory for the reus. Upon the establishment of the actor's prima facie
case, the burden of evidence shifts to the reus, the party on the defensive, with the negative of the issue. It is not incumbent upon the nonactor to deprive his adversary's case of its prima facie quality. Preponderance in his *Page 135 
own favor would be of advantage, because just so much harder for the actor to overcome, but equilibrium suffices for the nonactor's purpose." (2 Chamberlayne on Evidence, p. 1097.)
As the errors pointed out must work a reversal of this case, we do not deem it necessary to review the other errors assigned.
This case should be reversed and remanded.
By the Court: It is so ordered.