Court Opinion

ID: 9767977
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-29 05:37:24.14566+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:30:35.264043
License: Public Domain

HENRY, Justice
(dissenting).
I respectfully dissent from the views of my brothers. I would affirm the judgment of the Court of Criminal Appeals.
Seates was motivated by one purpose, intent, aim or objective, viz freedom from *933incarceration. The taking of the truck was for the sole purpose of effectuating his escape.
I find no fault with the decision of this Court in Young v. State, 487 S.W.2d 305 (Tenn.1972). To the contrary I regard it as being supported by reason, logic and, above all, fairness. The Court held that the public policy of the state precluded the imposition of two convictions and two punishments arising out of a single transaction.
The majority reaffirms Duchac v. State, 505 S.W.2d 237 (Tenn.1973). In State v. John Edward Black, 524 S.W.2d 913 (1975), (opinion released June 16, 1975), the same majority admits that “(i)t is also somewhat difficult to agree with the actual result reached in the Duchac case . . . ”. The actual result reached was that Duchac was convicted of burglary and of the possession of the tools of the burglary, a lesser included offense. I find it impossible to agree with or justify Duchac and yet it is again being applied to convict twice for a single offense.
I would apply the standards set forth in the American Law Institute’s Model Penal Code as follows:
When the same conduct of a defendant may establish the commission of more than one offense, the defendant may be prosecuted for each such offense. He may not, however, be convicted of more than one offense if:
(a) one offense is included in the other; or
(b) One offense consists only of a conspiracy or other form of preparation to commit the other;1 or
(c) inconsistent findings of facts are required to establish the commission of the offenses; or
(d) the offenses differ only in that one is defined to prohibit a designated kind of conduct generally and the other to prohibit a specific instance of such conduct; or
(e) the offense is defined as a continuing course of conduct and the defendant’s course of conduct was uninterrupted, unless the law provides that specific periods of such conduct constitute separate offenses.
All charges grew out of the same transaction. The vehicle was taken in furtherance or preparation of the escape. He was motivated by a single continuing intent.
My dissent in Black, supra, will shed additional light upon this dissent.

. As pointed out in the comment under Sec. 1.08 (now 1.07) of the Code, “the limitation of the draft is confined to the situation where the completed offense was the sole criminal objective of the conspiracy. Therefore, there may be conviction of such a conspiracy if the prosecution shows that the objective of the conspiracy was the commission of additional offenses.”