Court Opinion

ID: 4169026
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-05-17 15:12:08.123268+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:23:15.035924
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 16-0811
                              Filed May 17, 2017

AHKINEA DEON COX,
     Applicant-Appellant,

vs.

STATE OF IOWA,
     Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________

      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Marsha A. Bergan,

Judge.

      Ahkinea Cox appeals the district court’s denial of his postconviction-relief

application. AFFIRMED.

      Thomas J. Viner of Viner Law Firm, P.C., Cedar Rapids, for appellant.

      Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Linda J. Hines, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee.

      Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and Mullins, JJ.
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MULLINS, Judge.

      Ahkinea Cox appeals the district court’s denial of his postconviction-relief

(PCR) application, challenging the district court’s finding trial counsel was not

ineffective for failing to prepare a full and fair diminished-capacity defense. Our

review is de novo. See Castro v. State, 795 N.W.2d 789, 792 (Iowa 2011). In

2013, Cox pled guilty to one count of robbery in the first degree and two counts

of robbery in the second degree. Cox claims he pled guilty “for fear that his

attorney was not prepared to present the diminished capacity defense.”

Following trial on Cox’s PCR application, the district court entered a thorough

and well-reasoned opinion that provided, in part:

             A review of the three felony court files, as well as
      consideration of the evidence at the post-conviction trial, leads the
      Court to conclude that Counsel’s zealous representation of Cox in
      the three robbery cases was significantly beyond the minimum level
      of competency required by the federal and Iowa constitutions. At
      one point in 2010, Counsel successfully obtained the dismissals of
      all three actions against Cox on the basis of the criminal
      defendant’s right to a speedy trial. Once the actions were
      reinstated pursuant to the procedendo issued by the Court of
      Appeals, Counsel immediately proceeded to obtain psychologist
      Jack Baker to testify at trial, filed a lengthy motion to dismiss on the
      bases of double jeopardy, due process, and equal protection laws,
      and obtained depositions of Cox’s relatives to buttress Cox’s
      defense.     Counsel negotiated an extremely favorable plea
      agreement for Cox. Then, even after Cox had entered pleas of
      guilty to the robbery charges, Counsel filed an impressive and
      creative constitutional challenge to the mandatory sentencing
      provisions in the Iowa Code that follow a conviction of robbery.
             Counsel’s assistance of Cox throughout the course of
      Counsel’s representation was diligent. His work was dogged.
      Counsel’s effort in evaluating Cox’s competency to stand for trial
      demonstrates Counsel’s zealous representation. Counsel first
      obtained a competency evaluation from Dr. Frank Gersh, who was
      unable to reach a conclusion to a reasonable degree of certainty.
      Counsel then secured Dr. Luis Rosell, who determined that Cox
      was competent. After psychologist Jack Baker raised the issue of
      competency along with [his] determination on diminished
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       responsibility, Counsel again sought leave to conduct a
       competency evaluation, which was rejected by the Court. After the
       State’s expert Dr. Michael Taylor, who was supposed to evaluate
       Cox for the purpose of the diminished responsibility defense,
       reached the conclusion of incompetency, Counsel again sought
       leave to evaluate Cox’s competency to stand trial. This time, the
       Court determined there was sufficient evidence to find Cox
       incompetent, suspended all actions against Mr. Cox indefinitely,
       and committed him to the [Iowa Medical and Classification Center]
       for treatment.
               Evidence shows that Counsel’s preparation for the trial . . . is
       adequate.        Counsel resisted the State’s effort to exclude
       psychologist Mr. Baker and Dr. Johnson from testifying on the
       diminished responsibility defense, filed proposed jury instructions
       explaining the defense to be raised, filed a motion in limine seeking
       to exclude statements that would prejudice Cox at trial, and filed a
       trial memorandum urging the Court to consider the alternative
       charge of extortion, which carries a lighter sentence.
               It is true that Defendant’s Notice of Expert Witness, filed
       back on July 13, 2009, listed only Dr. David Baker. It is clear,
       however, from the filings immediately before trial that the State
       expected the defense to call both Dr. Johnson and Mr. Baker. This
       is shown in the State’s Motion in Limine filed on August 12, 2012, in
       which the State specifically objected to the admission of testimony
       from Jack Baker regarding the defense of diminished responsibility.
       Similarly, the defense made abundantly clear its position on the
       matter when [trial counsel] wrote in Defendant’s Trial
       Memorandum, filed on May 6, 2013, at page 5: “Mr. Cox intends to
       call Jack Baker, psychologist, and Dr. David Johnson to testify
       about Mr. Cox’s limited ability to think in support of his justification
       defense.”

The district court went on to consider, in the alternative, that even had Cox’s trial

counsel not intended to call Baker,1 this would not constitute ineffective

assistance, as Dr. Johnson may have been more credible, Baker had less

impressive credentials, and Baker had given some problematic testimony during

a deposition. We note Cox’s trial counsel also testified at the PCR hearing that

he was prepared to proceed to trial. On appeal, Cox does not dispute the facts

1
 Mr. Baker is sometimes referenced in the record as Dr. Baker. He is identified as a
psychologist, but the record is not clear as to whether he has a doctorate or a master’s
degree.
                                        4

as outlined by the district court. He simply maintains his trial counsel was not

prepared because his trial counsel “was going to call the doctor who evaluated

[Cox] in 2008 as to competency instead of the doctor (Dr. Jack Baker) who

evaluated Mr. Cox in 2012.” Upon our de novo review, we affirm the finding of

the district court without further opinion pursuant to Iowa Court Rule 21.26(1)(d)

and (e).

      AFFIRMED.