Court Opinion

ID: 2829083
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-08-20 20:16:22.330432+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:31:33.776545
License: Public Domain

J-S49037-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA
                        Appellee

                   v.

EMILIO CONCEPCION,

                        Appellant                   No. 890 MDA 2014

           Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence April 30, 2014
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
            Criminal Division at No(s): CP-06-CR-0002859-2013

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., ALLEN AND OLSON, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                          FILED AUGUST 20, 2015

     Appellant, Emilio Concepcion, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered on April 30, 2014. We vacate and remand for resentencing.

     In 2013, the Commonwealth charged Appellant with numerous

violations of the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device, and Cosmetic Act,

including eight counts of possession of cocaine with the intent to deliver

(hereinafter “PWID”).   See 35 P.S. §§ 780-101 – 780-144.        Thereafter,

counsel was appointed to represent Appellant.

     On January 21, 2014, the Commonwealth filed notice that, in the

event Appellant was convicted of any or all of the PWID counts, it intended

to seek mandatory minimum sentencing terms and fines, as provided in 18

Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(3)(i) and (ii).    See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(3)(i)

(providing for a mandatory minimum term of three years’ imprisonment and
J-S49037-15

a $10,000.00 fine where the aggregate weight of the cocaine is “at least 2.0

grams and less than ten grams” and “at the time of sentencing the

defendant has been convicted of another drug trafficking offense”); 18

Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(3)(ii) (providing for a mandatory minimum term of five

years’ imprisonment and a $30,000.00 fine where the aggregate weight of

the cocaine is “at least ten grams and less than 100 grams” and “at the time

of sentencing the defendant has been convicted of another drug trafficking

offense”); but see Commonwealth v. Mosley, 114 A.3d 1072 (Pa. Super.

2015)     (holding     that        18   Pa.C.S.A.        § 7508       is   unconstitutional);

Commonwealth v. Fennell, 105 A.3d 13 (Pa. Super. 2014) (holding that

18   Pa.C.S.A.     § 7508     is    unconstitutional      in   its    entirety);   see    also

Commonwealth v. Hopkins, ___ A.3d ___, 2015 WL 3949099 (Pa. 2015)

(holding that numerous provisions of another, but similarly structured,

mandatory      minimum        sentencing       statute    were       unconstitutional    under

Alleyne v. United States, ___ U.S. ___, 133 S. Ct. 2151 (2013) and that

the unconstitutional provisions of the statute were not severable from “the

remaining unoffending provisions of” the statute).

       On January 31, 2014, Appellant entered an open guilty plea to corrupt

organizations, criminal use of a communication facility, conspiracy, and eight

counts of PWID.1        That same day, the trial court sentenced Appellant to

____________________________________________

1
  18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 911(b)(4), 7512(a), and 903(a)(1), and 35 P.S. § 780-
113(a)(30), respectively.

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serve an aggregate term of nine to 25 years in prison and to pay an

aggregate fine of $180,000.00 for the above convictions.          Six out of

Appellant’s eight PWID convictions involved mandatory minimum prison

terms under Section 7508. In addition, the trial court ordered Appellant to

pay the mandatory minimum fine under Section 7508 for all eight of his

PWID convictions.   See N.T. Guilty Plea & Sentencing, 1/31/14, at 25-30.

Specifically, Appellant’s sentence was structured in the following manner:

           Count 1 – Corrupt Organizations: two-and-a-half to ten
            years in prison (to run concurrent with the sentence at
            Count 4);

           Count 3 – Criminal Use of a Communication Facility: one
            to five years in prison (to run concurrent with the
            sentence at Count 4);

           Count 4 – PWID (32.2 grams of cocaine): mandatory
            minimum sentence of five to 12 ½ years in prison and a
            mandatory minimum $30,000.00 fine, pursuant to 18
            Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(3)(ii);

           Count 5 – PWID (24 grams of cocaine): mandatory
            minimum sentence of five to 12 ½ years in prison and a
            mandatory minimum $30,000.00 fine, pursuant to 18
            Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(3)(ii) (to run concurrent with the
            sentence at Count 4);

           Count 6 – PWID (23.3 grams of cocaine): mandatory
            minimum sentence of five to 12 ½ years in prison and a
            mandatory minimum $30,000.00 fine, pursuant to 18
            Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(3)(ii) (to run concurrent with the
            sentence at Count 4);

           Count 7 – PWID (14 grams of cocaine): non-mandatory
            sentence of four to 12 ½ years in prison but a mandatory
            minimum $30,000.00 fine, pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.A.

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            § 7508(a)(3)(ii) (to run consecutive to the sentence at
            Count 4);

           Count 8 – PWID (11.3 grams of cocaine):            non-
            mandatory sentence of four to 12 ½ years in prison but a
            mandatory minimum $30,000.00 fine, pursuant to 18
            Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(3)(ii) (to run consecutive to the
            sentence at Count 4 and concurrent with the sentence at
            Count 7);

           Count 9 – PWID (9 grams of cocaine):         mandatory
            minimum sentence of three to ten years in prison and a
            mandatory minimum $10,000.00 fine, pursuant to 18
            Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(3)(i) (to run consecutive to the
            sentence at Count 4 and concurrent with the sentence at
            Count 7);

           Count 10 – PWID (9 grams of cocaine): mandatory
            minimum sentence of three to ten years in prison and a
            mandatory minimum $10,000.00 fine, pursuant to 18
            Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(3)(i) (to run consecutive to the
            sentence at Count 4 and concurrent with the sentence at
            Count 7);

           Count 11 – PWID (9 grams of cocaine): mandatory
            minimum sentence of three to ten years in prison and a
            mandatory minimum $10,000.00 fine, pursuant to 18
            Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(3)(i) (to run consecutive to the
            sentence at Count 4 and concurrent with the sentence at
            Count 7);

           Count 12 – Conspiracy: four to ten years in prison (to
            run consecutive to the sentence at Count 4 and
            concurrent with the sentence at Count 7).

N.T. Guilty Plea & Sentencing, 1/31/14, at 25-30; see also Guideline

Sentencing Form, 2/12/14, at 1-11.

      On February 6, 2014, Appellant filed a pro se “Motion to Modify or for

Reconsideration of Sentence” – even though he was still represented by trial

counsel at the time.    The Berks County Clerk of Courts forwarded the

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document to Appellant’s attorney-of-record, the district attorney, and the

trial court and notified Appellant that his pro se post-sentence motion had

been “filed and docketed on February 6, 2014.” See Clerk of Courts Letter,

dated 2/10/14, at 1. On February 11, 2014, the trial court entered an order,

declaring that a hearing on Appellant’s post-sentence motion was to occur in

April. Trial Court Order, 2/11/14, at 1.

       In the interim, Appellant filed another pro se motion – entitled “Motion

to Withdraw[] Guilty Plea.” Within this pro se motion, Appellant claimed that

he was entitled to withdraw his guilty plea because his trial counsel was

ineffective. See Appellant’s Pro Se Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea, 2/14/14,

at 1. The Berks County Clerk of Courts again filed and docketed Appellant’s

pro se motion and forwarded the document to Appellant’s attorney-of-

record, the district attorney, and the trial court. See Clerk of Courts Letter,

dated 2/19/14, at 1.

       On April 30, 2014, Appellant, Appellant’s trial counsel, and the

assistant district attorney appeared before the trial court for Appellant’s

post-sentence motion hearing.          However, at the beginning of the hearing,

Appellant’s trial counsel argued that the court should permit him to withdraw

because Appellant filed a pro se motion claiming that he was ineffective.2
____________________________________________

2
  But see Commonwealth v. Tedford, 960 A.2d 1, 10 n.4 (Pa. 2008) (“a
criminal defendant currently represented by counsel is not entitled to ‘hybrid
representation’ – i.e., he cannot litigate certain issues pro se while counsel
forwards other claims”); see also Commonwealth v. Quel, 27 A.3d 1033,
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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The trial court agreed with counsel and declared that counsel was “removed

from any further responsibility in this case.” N.T. Post-Sentence Motion &

Resentencing Hearing, 4/30/14, at 4.              The court did not appoint another

attorney to represent Appellant and the court did not conduct a colloquy to

determine whether Appellant knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waived

his right to counsel.       Instead, the trial court simply allowed Appellant to

proceed through the remainder of the hearing pro se.                   The above-

summarized events transpired as follows:

         [Assistant District Attorney]: [Appellant] entered a plea
         back on January 31st of 2014. Subsequent to that, Your
         Honor, he has filed a motion to modify or for
         reconsideration of sentence which was docketed on
         February 6th which is within the [ten] days and subsequent
         to that, Your Honor, he filed a motion to withdraw guilty
         plea which was docketed on February 14th of 2014.

         . . . And if I can just say for the record these two matters
         were filed pro se by [Appellant] even though he was
         represented by [trial counsel] at the time and is still
         represented by [trial counsel].          He also filed an
         ineffectiveness of counsel. I’m not sure when that was
         filed, Your Honor.

         Those are the three motions before Your Honor for this
         morning, and the Commonwealth is ready to address all
         three. . . .
                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

1036-1037 (Pa. Super. 2011) (explaining that an ineffective assistance of
counsel claim is generally not subject to review on direct appeal; the
appellant must, therefore, wait to raise the claim in a subsequent petition
under the Post-Conviction Relief Act); Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d
726, 738 (Pa. 2002) (“as a general rule, a petitioner should wait to raise
claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel until collateral review”).

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         [Appellant’s Trial Counsel]: With the filing of ineffectiveness
         of assistance motion, I don’t believe that would be proper
         for me to continue representing [Appellant].

         [Trial Court]: That’s fine.

                                           ...

         [Trial Court]: . . . [Trial counsel,] you are removed from any
         further responsibility in this case. Prepare a one paragraph
         order. You may do so, and you will be out of the case.

         [Appellant’s Trial Counsel]: I will do that, Your Honor.
         Thank you.

         [Trial Court]: [Appellant,] do you want an attorney to
         represent you in regard to the motion that you filed?

         [Appellant]: Well, I would like to go forward with the
         reconsideration.

         [Trial Court]: You have three – basically you have two
         motions left.

         [Appellant]: Understandable.

         [Trial Court]: I don’t know that your interpretation of
         whether or not your attorney was effective is going to be as
         valuable as that of another attorney who knows the legal
         ramifications of that particular accusation. As far as the
         petition to modify sentence, at this point in time, I would
         tell you I think you are going to need counsel for that. Do
         you want to proceed? I will proceed.

         [Appellant]: Yes. I would like to proceed.

N.T. Post-Sentence Motion & Resentencing Hearing, 4/30/14, at 3-5.3
____________________________________________

3
 During the post-sentence motion hearing, Appellant orally withdrew his pro
se “Motion to Withdraw[] Guilty Plea.”     N.T. Post-Sentence Motion &
Resentencing Hearing, 4/30/14, at 12.

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      Appellant then litigated the entirety of his post-sentence motion on his

own behalf.

      At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court declared that

Appellant’s sentence was illegal because the relevant mandatory minimum

sentencing statutes were unconstitutional.      Id. at 12 (the trial court

explained to Appellant: “[t]he mandatories are no longer in effect. Berks

County has ruled the mandatory sentences under which [Appellant] was

prosecuted are unconstitutional”). In essence, the trial court then vacated

Appellant’s sentence and resentenced Appellant without appointing counsel.

However, during resentencing, the trial court did not alter Appellant’s terms

of incarceration.   Rather, the trial court declared that it was resentencing

Appellant “as previously sentenced,” but that it was “vacating” all of the

originally-imposed fines. Id. at 12-13. The trial court explained:

        [Trial Court]: [T]he lower end of the standard [sentencing]
        range [was] 25 years in jail. That’s the lower end of the
        standard range. I think you got a good deal. I think you
        should have taken the original deal [offered by the
        Commonwealth,] which was [five to ten years in prison,]
        but I think you got a good deal, even with the [nine year
        minimum term of incarceration]. I think the fines should be
        reduced to zero, none of the mandatory [minimum] fines.
        I’m not worried about the fines and I will dictate that.

        [Appellant]: I was hoping you would run everything
        concurrent.

        [Trial Court]: I ran concurrent what I thought was proper to
        be run concurrent. Okay. Realistically you had an offer of
        [five] to [ten]. You said, no, I don’t want that offer. I will
        enter an open plea. Even on the open plea, I gave you a
        break. Okay. It was minimal but it was a break. And you

                                     -8-
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        come back and say, well, I didn’t like what you did so
        reconsider it again. I’m not going to reconsider it again.

        You have an existing prior record score of [five]. What does
        that mean?      It means, you know, you are a criminal.
        You’ve been a criminal. Maybe you are not going to be a
        criminal in the future. I hope. But you’ve been a criminal.
        Now you are still a criminal. Okay. And you got to take the
        punishment.

        [Appellant]: But you sentenced me as a second drug
        offense on the weight level.

        [Trial Court]: The mandatories are no longer in effect.
        Berks County has ruled the mandatory sentences under
        which you were prosecuted are unconstitutional so the
        recommendation remains the same. But I’m talking about
        just standard range, not mandatories, standard range you
        are looking at 25 years. You’ve got [nine].

                                     ...

        In consideration of [Appellant’s] pro se motion to reconsider
        sentence, the [trial court] resentences [Appellant] as
        previously sentenced; however, with regard to Count 4, the
        fine is vacated. With regard to Count 5, the fine is vacated.
        With regard to Count 6, the fine is vacated. With regard to
        Count 7, the fine is vacated. With regard to Count 8, the
        fine is vacated. With regard to Count 9, the fine is vacated.
        With regard to Count 10, the fine is vacated. With regard to
        Count 11, the fine is vacated. By the court.

N.T. Post-Sentence Motion & Resentencing Hearing, 4/30/14, at 11-13.

      Appellant was not represented during this resentencing hearing and

the trial court did not appoint counsel to represent Appellant for purposes of

filing a post-sentence motion or an appeal to this Court.

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       On May 23, 2014, Appellant filed a timely, pro se notice of appeal from

the judgment of sentence entered on April 30, 2014.4 Following Appellant’s

notice of appeal, the trial court ordered Appellant to file and serve a concise

statement of errors complained of on appeal, pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule

of Appellate Procedure 1925(b). Appellant complied and filed a timely, pro

____________________________________________

4
  Since Appellant was represented by counsel at the time he filed his pro se
post-sentence motion, the argument could be made that the motion
constitutes a “legal nullity.” See Commonwealth v. Nischan, 928 A.2d
349, 355 (Pa. Super. 2007) (holding that a represented defendant’s pro se
post-sentence motion “was a nullity, having no legal effect”); but see
Commonwealth v. Cooper, 27 A.3d 994, 1007 (Pa. 2011) (pro se filings
by represented defendants may have legal effect and are not per se “legal
nullities”). However, in this case, the trial court scheduled a hearing on the
pro se post-sentence motion and then granted Appellant partial relief on the
motion. See Cooper, 27 A.3d at 1007 (the Supreme Court held: “[u]nder
the circumstances of this case, where the trial court ruled on the
[represented defendant’s] post-sentence motion and thus entered a final
appealable order, we view the pro se appeal as merely premature,
duplicative of the later counseled appeal, and subject to withdrawal or
quashal on those grounds. But . . . it definitely was not a ‘nullity’”).
Further, Appellant’s trial counsel effectively abandoned Appellant after the
January 31, 2014 sentencing. Certainly, the Berks County Clerk of Courts
forwarded Appellant’s post-sentence filings to trial counsel – and trial
counsel simply did nothing to preserve Appellant’s post-sentence and
appellate rights. Therefore, since Appellant was effectively abandoned by
counsel following sentencing, Appellant was the only individual who could
have filed the post-sentence motion. Appellant’s pro se post-sentence
motion thus did not offend the prohibition against hybrid representation and
the trial court had jurisdiction to vacate Appellant’s judgment and
resentence Appellant on April 30, 2014.             See Commonwealth v.
Leatherby, 116 A.3d 73, 78-79 (Pa. Super. 2015) (holding that where the
defendant “was effectively abandoned by counsel and the trial court failed to
timely appoint new counsel, [the defendant’s] pro se filing [did] not offend
considerations of hybrid representation”) (emphasis omitted).

                                          - 10 -
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se Rule 1925(b) statement, where he claimed that his sentence was still

illegal. Appellant’s Pro Se Rule 1925(b) Statement, 6/25/14, at 1-3.

       On October 9, 2014, this Court entered an order instructing the trial

court to “conduct an on-the-record inquiry to determine whether [A]ppellant

desires counsel on appeal.”         Order, 10/9/14, at 1.   Following the limited

remand, the trial court determined that Appellant did, in fact, desire

counsel; therefore, the trial court appointed new counsel to represent

Appellant on appeal.         Appellant now raises the following two issues on

appeal:

          1. Did the trial court err in failing to resentence [Appellant]
          without imposing the mandatory minimum jail sentence and
          in failing to find the drug mandatory unconstitutional?

          2. Did the trial court err in allowing [Appellant] to proceed
          pro se during his post sentence motion hearing and
          “resentencing” on April 30, 2014, without conducting a
          colloquy to determine whether [Appellant] wanted to
          proceed pro se and whether [Appellant] was knowingly and
          intelligently waiving his right to counsel?

Appellant’s Brief at 3.

       We conclude that Appellant’s first claim on appeal entitles him to relief.

Therefore, we vacate Appellant’s judgment of sentence and remand.5
____________________________________________

5
  Due to our disposition, we will not independently discuss Appellant’s
second claim on appeal. However, Appellant’s second claim on appeal
obviously has merit. Moreover, we note that, in opposition to Appellant’s
second claim on appeal, the Commonwealth argues that Appellant waived
his second claim because he personally failed to object to the adequacy of
the waiver-of-counsel colloquy and did not include the issue in his pro se
Rule 1925(b) statement.      The Commonwealth’s argument lacks merit.
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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      “Legality of sentence questions are not waivable and may be raised

sua sponte by this Court.” Commonwealth v. Watley, 81 A.3d 108, 118

(Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc). Further, “[i]ssues relating to the legality of a

sentence are questions of law. Our standard of review over such questions

is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.” Commonwealth v. Ali, 112
A.3d 1210, 1225 (Pa. Super. 2015) (internal corrections omitted).

      In Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), the United States

Supreme Court held: “[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact

that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory

maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable

doubt.” Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 489. Further, in Alleyne, the United States

Supreme Court expanded “Apprendi’s basic jury-determination rule to

mandatory minimum sentences.”              Alleyne, ___ U.S. at ___, 133 S.Ct. at

2167 (Breyer, J., concurring).           Specifically, the Alleyne Court held that,

where an “aggravating fact” increases a mandatory minimum sentence, “the

fact is an element of a distinct and aggravated crime.            [The fact] must,

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

Appellant never knowingly and intelligently waived his right to counsel and,
thus, Appellant improperly proceeded pro se during the post-sentence
motion hearing, the resentencing, and the early stages of the appellate
process. See Commonwealth v. Monica, 597 A.2d 600, 603 (Pa. 1991)
(“[a]s a general rule, failure to raise an issue in a criminal proceeding
does not constitute a waiver where the defendant is not represented
by counsel in the proceeding. This rule does not apply where the
defendant knowingly and intelligently waived representation by counsel”)
(internal citations omitted) (emphasis added).

                                           - 12 -
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therefore, be submitted to the jury and found beyond a reasonable doubt.”

Alleyne, 133 S. Ct. at 2162-2163.

      Therefore,    under      Alleyne,     Pennsylvania’s     mandatory    minimum

sentencing statutes were generally rendered unconstitutional insofar as the

statutes provided that:        the “aggravating facts” contained in the statutes

were not elements of the crime; notice of either the “aggravating facts” or of

the applicability of the mandatory minimum sentencing statute was not

required prior to conviction; the applicability of the mandatory minimum

statute was to be determined at sentencing; the Commonwealth need only

prove the “aggravating facts” by a preponderance of the evidence; a judge –

and not a jury – was to act as the fact-finder for purposes of determining the

“aggravated facts;” and, if the “sentencing court refuses to apply [the

mandatory minimum sentence] where applicable, the Commonwealth shall

have the right to appellate review of the actions of the sentencing court.”

See, e.g., 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(b) and (d).            We note that the mandatory

minimum sentencing statute under which the trial court sentenced Appellant

was 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7508 – and Section 7508 contains all of these

unconstitutional provisions. See, e.g., 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(b) and (d). As

such, this Court has held that Section 7508 is wholly unconstitutional.

Mosley, 114 A.3d   at   1072   (holding     that   18   Pa.C.S.A.   § 7508   is

unconstitutional); Fennell, 105 A.3d at 13 (holding that 18 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 7508 is unconstitutional in its entirety).

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       Further, in Commonwealth v. Hopkins, our Supreme Court recently

held   that   the    above-summarized,         unconstitutional   provisions   of   the

mandatory minimum sentencing statutes are not severable from “the

remaining unoffending provisions” of the statutes.           Hopkins, ___ A.3d at

___, 2015 WL 3949099 at 13. Thus, our Supreme Court has now held that

mandatory minimum sentencing statutes such as 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7508 are

unconstitutional in their entirety.

       In the case at bar, Appellant’s sentence is clearly illegal since, during

Appellant’s original sentencing hearing, the trial court sentenced Appellant to

serve six mandatory minimum terms of imprisonment under 18 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 7508(a)(3)(i) and (ii) and, during Appellant’s resentencing hearing, the

trial court simply resentenced Appellant to the terms “as previously

sentenced.” N.T. Post-Sentence Motion & Resentencing Hearing, 4/30/14, at

11-13. Given that the terms “as previously sentenced” consisted of six now-

unconstitutional     mandatory       minimum       sentences,     we   conclude     that

Appellant’s current sentence is illegal.6          We therefore vacate Appellant’s

judgment of sentence and remand for resentencing.
____________________________________________

6
  The Commonwealth claims that, if, during resentencing, the trial court had
chosen to impose a standard range sentence for all of the convictions and if
the trial court had then run all of the sentences consecutively to one
another, Appellant would have received an aggregate sentence of 26.5 years
in prison. Thus, the Commonwealth claims, Appellant’s nine to 25 year
aggregate term of imprisonment was “well within the permissible standard
range for sentencing” and not illegal. Commonwealth’s Brief at 12-13. This
argument fails, as it is based upon a hypothetical scenario that did not
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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      Judgment of sentence vacated.                 Case remanded.   Jurisdiction

relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 8/20/2015

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

actually occur. The fact remains that the trial court originally sentenced
Appellant to serve six mandatory minimum terms of imprisonment pursuant
to an unconstitutional statute and the trial court then resentenced Appellant
to serve the terms “as previously sentenced.” N.T. Post-Sentence Motion &
Resentencing Hearing, 4/30/14, at 11-13. Thus, at resentencing, the trial
court, in fact, sentenced Appellant to serve the same six unconstitutional
mandatory minimum terms of imprisonment.

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