Court Opinion

ID: 4233982
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-01-03 14:23:49.367872+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:46:09.063320
License: Public Domain

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Nancy G. Jenkins                                 :
                                                 :
                 v.                              : No. 71 C.D. 2017
                                                 : Submitted: November 13, 2017
Fayette County Tax                               :
Claim Bureau                                     :
                                                 :
                 v.                              :
                                                 :
Scott D. Bush,                                   :
                        Appellant                :

BEFORE:          HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
                 HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
                 HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge

OPINION
BY PRESIDENT JUDGE LEAVITT                                           FILED: January 3, 2018

                 Scott D. Bush (Purchaser) appeals an order of the Court of Common
Pleas of Fayette County (trial court) setting aside the September 19, 2016, upset tax
sale of property owned by Nancy Jenkins (Taxpayer). Purchaser asserts that the trial
court erred because the Fayette County Tax Claim Bureau followed the tax sale
procedures mandated by the Real Estate Tax Sale Law (Tax Sale Law).1 Discerning
no merit to this contention, we affirm the trial court.
                 Taxpayer owns a residential property located at 64 Vances Mill Road
in Uniontown, Pennsylvania (Property). When the 2014 real estate taxes on the
Property were not paid, the Tax Claim Bureau listed the property for upset sale. At
the tax sale on September 19, 2016, Purchaser bought the Property.
                 On November 17, 2016, Taxpayer filed a petition to set aside the upset
tax sale. Taxpayer contended that the Tax Claim Bureau did not comply with the

1
    Act of July 7, 1947, P.L. 1368, as amended, 72 P.S. §§5860.101 - 5860.803.
tax sale notice provisions required by the Tax Sale Law. Purchaser petitioned to
intervene, and it was granted. At the hearing on December 20, 2016, both the Tax
Claim Bureau and Taxpayer presented evidence.
             Marjory Stefanini, First Assistant of the Tax Claim Bureau, testified.
She explained that the Property was listed for a tax sale because the 2014 real estate
taxes were two years in arrears. The Tax Claim Bureau’s records showed that the
Property’s tax delinquency totalled $1,446.32. Reproduced Record at 73a (R.R. __).
The Tax Claim Bureau notified Taxpayer of the tax sale by the following means: (1)
a published notice in the newspaper; (2) a certified mailed notice sent on April 22,
2016, and on April 29, 2016, both of which were returned as unclaimed; and (3) a
notice posted on the Property on July 5, 2016. Then, ten days before the sale, the
Tax Claim Bureau sent a notice to Taxpayer by first-class mail to the Property’s
address stating that if the “taxes weren’t paid on or in full on the 16 th, or made in a
legal agreement, then [the Property] would go into tax sale on the 19 th.” Notes of
Testimony (N.T.), 8/11/2016, at 10; R.R. 28a. Finally, Stefanini testified that
nothing in the file suggested that Taxpayer had an agreement with the Tax Claim
Bureau to make installment payments on the delinquent taxes.                On cross-
examination, Stefanini acknowledged that had Taxpayer brought sufficient cash to
the office, she would have been eligible for an installment agreement.
             Taxpayer is a 79-year-old widow. She testified that she purchased the
property in 2014 for $115,000. She does not live at the Property; rather, she rents it.
Taxpayer testified that in 2015 she made a payment of $17,000 to the Tax Claim
Bureau for taxes owed on the Property and on three other properties she owns. This
did not discharge her outstanding tax obligation, so Taxpayer agreed to make
monthly payments of $400, to be applied to the taxes owed on the Property as well

                                           2
as on the other three properties. Taxpayer conceded that this installment agreement
had not been reduced to writing. When Taxpayer saw the notice posted on the
Property, she did not construe it to mean that the installment agreement was no
longer in effect; rather, she believed she could continue making payments on the
taxes for the Property.
              On September 16, 2016, Taxpayer went to the Tax Claim Bureau to
make payment on the taxes owed on the Property and on another property. Her
proffered cash payment for taxes owed on the Property was refused. She was
informed that she could not proffer payment because the Property was “already in
the tax sale.” N.T. 26; R.R. 44a. Further, although Taxpayer did not have enough
money to pay off the balance of the past due taxes, she did have enough to enter into
a written installment agreement to remove the Property from tax sale.
              On December 21, 2016, the trial court set aside the tax sale of the
Property. Purchaser requested reconsideration, but it was denied. Purchaser then
appealed to this Court.
              On appeal,2 Purchaser raises one issue. He contends that the trial court
erred because the Tax Claim Bureau fully complied with the requirements of the Tax
Sale Law. Taxpayer responds that Purchaser has waived all issues on appeal because
he did not comply with Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b) by filing
a timely concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. The trial court’s Rule
1925(a) opinion concluded that Purchaser’s late filing of the Rule 1925(b) statement
caused all his issues to be waived. Even so, the trial court explained that its decision
to vacate the tax sale fully complied with the Tax Sale Law. In the alternative,

2
 Our review determines whether the trial court committed an error of law, abused its discretion,
or rendered a decision without supporting evidence. Darden v. Montgomery County Tax Claim
Bureau, 629 A.2d 321, 323 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1993).
                                               3
Taxpayer argues that the Tax Claim Bureau did not comply with the Tax Sale Law
because it refused to accept her payments proffered before the day of the scheduled
upset tax sale.
                  We begin with Taxpayer’s issue of waiver. In its Rule 1925(a)3
opinion, the trial court found that Purchaser waived all issues because Purchaser did
not file a timely Rule 1925(b) statement of errors complained of on appeal.
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b)(2) states, in pertinent part, as
follows:

                  (b) Direction to file statement of errors complained of on
                  appeal; instructions to the appellant and the trial court.--If the
                  judge entering the order giving rise to the notice of appeal
                  (“judge”) desires clarification of the errors complained of on
                  appeal, the judge may enter an order directing the appellant to
                  file of record in the trial court and serve on the judge a concise
                  statement of the errors complained of on appeal (“Statement”).
                                                         ***

                          (2) Time for filing and service.--The judge shall
                          allow the appellant at least 21 days from the date of

3
    PA. R.A.P. 1925(a). This rule states, in pertinent part:
          (1) General rule.--Except as otherwise prescribed by this rule, upon receipt of the
          notice of appeal, the judge who entered the order giving rise to the notice of appeal,
          if the reasons for the order do not already appear of record, shall forthwith file of
          record at least a brief opinion of the reasons for the order, or for the rulings or other
          errors complained of, or shall specify in writing the place in the record where such
          reasons may be found.

       If the case appealed involves a ruling issued by a judge who was not the judge
       entering the order giving rise to the notice of appeal, the judge entering the order
       giving rise to the notice of appeal may request that the judge who made the earlier
       ruling provide an opinion to be filed in accordance with the standards above to
       explain the reasons for that ruling.
PA. R.A.P. 1925(a)(1).
                                                     4
                    the order’s entry on the docket for the filing and
                    service of the Statement. Upon application of the
                    appellant and for good cause shown, the judge may
                    enlarge the time period initially specified or permit
                    an amended or supplemental Statement to be filed.
                    Good cause includes, but is not limited to, delay in
                    the production of a transcript necessary to develop
                    the Statement so long as the delay is not attributable
                    to a lack of diligence in ordering or paying for such
                    transcript by the party or counsel on appeal. In
                    extraordinary circumstances, the judge may allow
                    for the filing of a Statement or amended or
                    supplemental Statement nunc pro tunc.

PA. R.A.P. 1925(b)(2) (emphasis added). We have held that when a trial court orders
the appellant to file a Rule 1925(b) statement, “the appellant must comply in a timely
manner.” In re Clinton County Tax Claims Bureau Consolidated Return for Sale of
September 24, 2012, 109 A.3d 331, 334 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015). Failure to comply with
the trial court’s order will result in waiver of all issues raised on appeal. Id.
             In our early jurisprudence, this Court held that an untimely Rule
1925(b) statement did not waive all issues where the trial court issued an opinion
addressing the merits of the appellant’s issues. See In re Corignani, 873 A.2d 790
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2005). Here, as Purchaser observes, in spite of his untimely filing of
a Rule 1925(b) statement, the trial court issued a Rule 1925(a) opinion. This is true
but of no moment because In re Corignani has been overruled. In Commonwealth
v. Castillo, 888 A.2d 775, 780 (Pa. 2005), our Supreme Court held that if an appellant
fails to timely comply with a trial court’s order to file a Rule 1925(b) statement, all
issues raised on appeal are automatically waived.             This was reaffirmed in
Commonwealth v. Schofield, 888 A.2d 771, 774 (Pa. 2005). The Supreme Court
specifically disapproved “prior decisions of the intermediate courts to the extent that

                                            5
they have created exceptions to [PA. R.A.P. 1925] and have addressed issues that
should have been deemed waived.” Castillo, 888 A.2d at 780.
             Since Castillo, this Court has repeatedly held that an appellant waives
all issues for appeal where the Rule 1925(b) statement is not filed on time. See, e.g.,
In re Clinton County Tax Claims Bureau, 109 A.3d at 335; Commonwealth v.
Holtzapfel, 895 A.2d 1284, 1289 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2006). Waiver is not cured by the
trial court’s filing of a Rule 1925(a) opinion addressing the merits of the issues on
appeal.
             Nevertheless, Purchaser directs our attention to several decisions where
the Superior Court addressed the merits of the issues raised on appeal, despite the
untimely filing of a Rule 1925(b) statement, because the trial court had issued a Rule
1925(a) opinion on those issues. Purchaser cites Commonwealth v. Rodriguez, 81
A.3d 103 (Pa. Super. 2013) (Rule 1925(b) statement filed 4 days late);
Commonwealth v. Priest, 18 A.3d 1235, 1238 n.5 (Pa. Super. 2011) (where
defendant filed Rule 1925(b) statement late, Superior Court noted that “we shall
overlook this fact and not find waiver as a result thereof.”); Commonwealth v.
Burton, 973 A.2d 428 (Pa. Super. 2009) (Rule 1925(b) statement filed one day late);
and Commonwealth v. Sohnleitner, 884 A.2d 307, 311 (Pa. Super. 2005) (Rule
1925(b) statement filed “nearly one month late.”). We are not persuaded. These
holdings are contrary to the Supreme Court’s decision in Castillo and to this Court’s
precedent in In re Clinton County Tax Claims Bureau, which is binding here.
             In the alternative, Purchaser contends that he had good cause for the
untimely filing of his Rule 1925(b) statement. In support, he directs the Court to
Rule 1925(b)(2), which states:

             (2) Time for filing and service.--The judge shall allow the
             appellant at least 21 days from the date of the order’s entry on
                                          6
               the docket for the filing and service of the Statement. Upon
               application of the appellant and for good cause shown, the judge
               may enlarge the time period initially specified or permit an
               amended or supplemental Statement to be filed. Good cause
               includes, but is not limited to, delay in the production of a
               transcript necessary to develop the Statement so long as the delay
               is not attributable to a lack of diligence in ordering or paying for
               such transcript by the party or counsel on appeal. In
               extraordinary circumstances, the judge may allow for the filing
               of a Statement or amended or supplemental Statement nunc pro
               tunc.

PA. R.A.P. 1925(b)(2) (emphasis added).
               Purchaser explains that he filed the Rule 1925(b) statement untimely
because he was waiting for the transcript of the December 20, 2016, hearing. The
21-day period may be enlarged to account for a delay in obtaining a transcript, but
the appellant must request an enlargement of time from the trial court. Purchaser
did not make this request, and he did not raise the issue of good cause until this
appeal. It is too late.4
               In sum, on January 23, 2017, the trial court directed Purchaser to file a
Rule 1925(b) statement within 21 days, i.e., on or before February 13, 2017.
Purchaser filed it on February 17, 2017, which was four days late.                        We are
constrained to hold that his statement was untimely filed and that Purchaser has
waived all issues on appeal.

4
  In any event, Purchaser has not established good cause. Purchaser submitted the transcript
request form but did not use the correct docket number. On February 23, 2017, after the deadline
to submit the Rule 1925(b) statement had passed, Purchaser submitted the correct form with the
correct docket number. Supplemental Reproduced Record at 1b (S.R.R. __). Additionally, the
transcript was not necessary to the filing of the Rule 1925(b) statement. Purchaser had not received
the transcript when he filed the Rule 1925(b) statement. S.R.R. 4b, ¶5.
                                                 7
             However, even if Purchaser had filed a timely Rule 1925(b) statement,
he would not have prevailed on the merits. The trial court credited Taxpayer’s
testimony that she attempted to pay the delinquent taxes three days before the sale
and that her proffered payment was improperly refused.
             The Tax Sale Law assists in the collection of taxes and is not intended
to create investment opportunities for others. Stanford–Gale v. Tax Claim Bureau
of Susquehanna County, 816 A.2d 1214, 1216 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003); see also Hess v.
Westerwick, 76 A.2d 745, 748 (Pa. 1950) (“The purpose of tax sales is not to strip
the taxpayer of his property but to insure the collection of taxes.”). Due process is
implicated in any taking of property for the collection of taxes. As explained by the
United States Supreme Court:

             People must pay their taxes, and the government may hold
             citizens accountable for tax delinquency by taking their property.
             But before forcing a citizen to satisfy his debt by forfeiting his
             property, due process requires the government to provide
             adequate notice of the impending taking.

Jones v. Flowers, 547 U.S. 220, 234 (2006). Because of these due process concerns,
this Court has explained that

             the focus is not on the alleged neglect of the owner, which is
             often present in some degree, but on whether the activities of the
             Bureau comply with the requirements of the statute.

Smith v. Tax Claim Bureau of Pike County, 834 A.2d 1247, 1251 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2003). A failure by a tax claim bureau to comply with each and every statutory
requirement will nullify a sale. Id. at 1252.
             Purchaser contends that the Tax Claim Bureau complied with the notice
requirements in Section 602 of the Tax Sale Law and, therefore, the sale cannot be

                                          8
voided and his title to the property invalidated. In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial
court stated:

                [T]his Court found that [Taxpayer] had actual notice of the tax
                sale because she testified that she read the notice that was posted
                on her property by the Bureau on July 5, 2016…. Thus, the issue
                for this Court became whether [Taxpayer] attempted to make a
                payment on the past-due taxes prior to the tax sale, and if so,
                whether the [Tax Claim] Bureau erred in refusing said payment.

Trial Court 1925(a) op., 3/23/2017, at 4; R.R. 108a. Contrary to Purchaser’s
contention, the trial court did not void the sale of the Property because of Taxpayer’s
lack of notice.
                Prior to sale of real property for unpaid taxes, a tax claim bureau must
give a taxpayer notice and opportunity to cure the unpaid taxes. See, e.g., Sanders
v. Westmoreland County Tax Claim Bureau, 92 A.3d 97 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014). In
Sanders, this Court explained:

                When the owner of a property fails to pay real estate taxes on that
                property, the amount of those taxes becomes a first lien against
                the property and is filed with the tax claim bureau of the county
                in which the property is located. If the lien is not satisfied, the
                tax claim bureau will, after notice and opportunity to cure, offer
                the property for sale at an upset tax sale. A property owner may
                satisfy the lien(s) against his property by paying the amount of
                the lien(s) to the tax claim bureau prior to an upset sale….

Id. at 98 (quoting Commonwealth v. Sprock, 795 A.2d 1100 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002))
(emphasis added).
                Moreover, Section 603 of the Tax Sale Law states, in pertinent part:

                Any owner or lien creditor of the owner may, at the option of the
                bureau, prior to the actual sale, (1) cause the property to be
                removed from the sale by payment in full of taxes which have

                                             9
             become absolute and of all charges and interest due on these
             taxes to the time of payment, or (2) enter into an agreement, in
             writing, with the bureau to stay the sale of the property upon the
             payment of twenty-five per centum (25%) of the amount due on
             all tax claims and tax judgments filed or entered against such
             property and the interest and costs on the taxes returned to date,
             as provided by this act, and agreeing therein to pay the balance
             of said claims and judgments and the interest and costs thereon
             in not more than three (3) instalments all within one (1) year of
             the date of said agreement.… So long as said agreement is being
             fully complied with by the taxpayer, the sale of the property
             covered by the agreement shall be stayed.

72 P.S. §5860.603 (emphasis added); see also Moore v. Keller, 98 A.3d 1, 5 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2014) (holding that “where an owner has paid at least 25% of the taxes due,
the tax authority is required to inform the owner of the option to enter into an
installment agreement and that a failure to do so is a violation of the owner’s due
process rights.”).
             Here, Taxpayer attempted to make payment before the upset sale took
place, but the Tax Claim Bureau refused payment. The Tax Claim Bureau acted
contrary to the Tax Sale Law because it was required to allow Taxpayer an
“opportunity to cure” and make payment on the taxes prior to upset sale. See
Sanders, 92 A.3d at 98.
             In addition, the Tax Claim Bureau failed to determine whether the cash
payment Taxpayer sought to make on the Property on September 16, 2016, was at
least 25% of the amount of the delinquent taxes owed on the Property. As stated
above, under the Tax Sale Law, if a taxpayer offers 25% of the outstanding
delinquent taxes, a tax claim bureau is required to offer the taxpayer the option of
entering into an installment agreement for the delinquent taxes on a property. See
72 P.S. §5860.603. Here, the Tax Claim Bureau turned Taxpayer away without first

                                         10
determining whether Taxpayer’s cash payment would cover 25% of the delinquent
taxes owed on the Property, let alone offer Taxpayer an installment agreement. In
this way, the Tax Claim Bureau acted contrary to the Tax Sale Law. On these facts,
the trial court properly voided the sale.
             For the above-stated reasons, we affirm the order of the trial court.

                                     ______________________________________
                                     MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge

                                            11
            IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Nancy G. Jenkins                      :
                                      :
            v.                        : No. 71 C.D. 2017
                                      :
Fayette County Tax                    :
Claim Bureau                          :
                                      :
            v.                        :
                                      :
Scott D. Bush,                        :
                   Appellant          :

                                  ORDER

            AND NOW, this 3rd day of January, 2018, the order of Fayette County
Court of Common Pleas dated December 21, 2016, in the above-captioned matter is
AFFIRMED.
                                 ______________________________________
                                 MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge