Court Opinion

ID: 9908302
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-08 15:06:35.965056+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:49:05.560770
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: DECEMBER 1, 2023; 10:00 A.M.
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

           Commonwealth of Kentucky
                  Court of Appeals
                    NO. 2022-CA-0514-MR

CARRINGTON MORTGAGE
SERVICES, LLC                                       APPELLANT

           APPEAL FROM POWELL CIRCUIT COURT
v.       HONORABLE LISA HAYDEN WHISMAN, JUDGE
                  ACTION NO. 16-CI-00195

RED RIVER DEVELOPMENT LLC;
TONY G. MORTON, MEMBER,
SUCCESSFUL BIDDER AT MASTER
COMMISSIONER’S SALE; TONY G.
MORTON, MEMBER, RED RIVER
DEVELOPMENT, LLC; ROSE
ARNETT; CHRIS ARNETT;
CENTRAL KENTUCKY
MANAGEMENT SERVICES, INC., A
KENTUCKY CORPORATION;
ASSIGNEE OF UK MEDICAL
CENTER & ASSIGNEE OF KY
MEDICAL SERVICES
FOUNDATION, INC.; AND MONICA
S. LACY, MASTER COMMISSIONER                        APPELLEES
     AND                        NO. 2022-CA-0516-MR

CARRINGTON MORTGAGE
SERVICES, LLC                                                               APPELLANT

                  APPEAL FROM POWELL CIRCUIT COURT
v.              HONORABLE LISA HAYDEN WHISMAN, JUDGE
                         ACTION NO. 16-CI-00195

RED RIVER DEVELOPMENT LLC;
TONY G. MORTON, MEMBER,
SUCCESSFUL BIDDER AT MASTER
COMMISSIONER’S SALE; TONY G.
MORTON, MEMBER, RED RIVER
DEVELOPMENT, LLC; ROSE
ARNETT; CHRIS ARNETT;
CENTRAL KENTUCKY
MANAGEMENT SERVICES, INC., A
KENTUCKY CORPORATION;
ASSIGNEE OF UK MEDICAL
CENTER & ASSIGNEE OF KY
MEDICAL SERVICES
FOUNDATION, INC.; AND MONICA
S. LACY, MASTER COMMISSIONER                                                 APPELLEES

                                       OPINION
                                      AFFIRMING

                                      ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: ACREE, DIXON,1 AND JONES, JUDGES.

1
 Judge Donna Dixon concurred in the Opinion prior to her retirement effective November 20,
2023. Release of this Opinion was delayed by administrative handling.

                                            -2-
JONES, JUDGE: The Appellant, Carrington Mortgage Services, LLC

(“Carrington”), appeals two orders arising out of a foreclosure action and judicial

sale at which the Appellee, Red River Development LLC (“Red River”), purchased

a piece of real property for $1.00. On appeal, Carrington asserts that the Powell

Circuit Court erred when it overruled Carrington’s objection and approved the sale.

Having reviewed the record, we can discern no basis upon which to reverse.

The circuit court correctly applied the law, which required consideration of all the

attendant circumstances, not just the sales price. Because the circuit court did not

abuse its discretion, we affirm.

                                     I. BACKGROUND

              Carrington loaned $82,314.00 to Chris Arnett as set forth in a

promissory note he executed on April 3, 2007. The loan was secured by a

mortgage on real property located at 411 Adams Ridge Road in Clay City,

Kentucky, and owned by Chris and his wife, Rose. On October 19, 2016,

Carrington filed a complaint in Powell Circuit Court against Chris, Rose, and

Central Kentucky Management Services, Inc.2 Carrington alleged that Chris was

in default and sought to enforce the promissory note and mortgage. As of the date

2
  Central Kentucky Management was joined as a defendant on the basis that it had filed a
judgment lien on the same property in October 2011.

                                              -3-
of the complaint, Carrington alleged that Chris owed it $71,426.09 plus interest,

fees, and costs.

                Rose was served by a sheriff’s deputy on December 3, 2016. Chris

proved exceedingly more difficult to locate, but he was ultimately served via a

warning order attorney on June 21, 2017. For reasons that are not relevant to this

appeal, the proceedings dragged on for some time. On November 3, 2021, the

circuit court entered an In Rem Final Judgment and Order of Sale.3 The circuit

court then directed the Powell County Master Commissioner to sell 411 Adams

Ridge Road pursuant to KRS4 426.205.

                The Master Commissioner appointed Gary Hall and H.T. Derickson,

III to appraise the property. Following their inspection, the appraisers filed a joint

report assigning the property a fair market value of $60,000.00. The sale was first

noticed to take place at 5:00 p.m. on November 29, 2021, at the Powell County

Courthouse, outside the Front Entrance, Courthouse Door, Stanton, Kentucky.

Upon Carrington’s request, this sale was canceled and later re-noticed for February

21, 2022. The Master Commissioner served the notice for the upcoming sale on

February 1, 2022, and the sale was duly advertised on February 10, 2022, as to the

3
  The judgment is in the amount of $95,781.26 plus interest at the rate of 6.5% per annum from
July 3, 2019, plus costs and attorneys’ fees.
4
    Kentucky Revised Statutes.

                                              -4-
time, place, and terms of sale, together with a description of the property to be

sold.

             Pursuant to the notice, the Master Commissioner called for bids

outside the Powell County Courthouse at 5:00 p.m. on February 21, 2022. Tony

Morton bid $1.00 on behalf of Red River. After receiving no other bids, the

Master Commissioner concluded the sale. The following day, February 22, 2022,

the Master Commissioner filed a report of sale confirming that Red River became

the purchaser of the property having submitted “the highest and best bid in the

amount of $1.00.” (Record (“R.”) at 268.) The report further confirmed that,

because the bid was not more than two-thirds of the appraised value, Red River’s

purchase was subject to the right of redemption. That same day, Red River filed an

acknowledgment of successful bidder confirming it was the successful bidder of

the property for the price of $1.00. The parties to the underlying action were sent a

notice advising that they had ten days from February 22, 2022, to serve written

objections to the Commissioner’s report.

             On March 3, 2022, Carrington timely filed its exceptions to the

Master Commissioner’s report along with a motion to vacate the sale. Carrington

explained that it had instructed its local counsel, Attorney Emmett Daniel Clifford,

to attend the sale and bid on Carrington’s behalf but that Attorney Clifford was

faced with several unforeseen problems that resulted in him arriving a minute after

                                         -5-
the time of the sale, and by that time the Master Commissioner had already

declared Red River to be the highest bidder. Carrington argued that the grossly

inadequate sales price, coupled with the “irregularities in the proceedings” faced

by its counsel on the day of the sale, justified sustaining its exceptions and setting

aside the sale.

             Carrington filed Attorney Clifford’s affidavit in support of its motion.

Therein, Attorney Clifford explained what occurred on the day of the sale as

follows:

             1) I am attorney Emmett Daniel Clifford. I attended the
             [M]aster Commissioner sale of the Chris Arnett property
             on February 21, 2022, in Stanton, Kentucky.

             2) I left Cynthiana with sufficient time to attend the sale,
             which is about an hour and 10 minutes. I had made the
             trip previously on several occasions.

             3) I called Master Commissioner Monica Lacy at 4:12
             p.m. on her cell phone and left a voice mail that I would
             attend the sale. I generally have the cell phone numbers
             of all master commissioners.

             4) I was delayed in Paris on US 460 with road
             construction work. However, I still had time to arrive in
             Stanton at the proper time.

             5) Because I was familiar with the location of the Powell
             County Courthouse so [sic] I did not have on my GPS.

             6) When I arrived in Stanton, I began to make a left turn
             after the Mexican restaurant, which was always my
             landmark. The restaurant apparently had burned up and
             was unrecognizable, so I was not sure of the proper turn.

                                          -6-
             7) As I recall I turned left at the next road or perhaps the
             next one after that. Another building, a blue one, and
             also a landmark, also had been razed, which was
             confusing.

             8) A track hoe was working in the middle of the road, so
             I turned around and went back out to the highway, turned
             left and attempted to a make a left to the courthouse by
             another method, I turned on my GPS (rather than to guess
             the roads), which created a delay, and it told me that my
             chosen new route was not the way to the courthouse so I
             went back around to where the track hoe was working,
             which I now know is Court Street, and after delaying for
             a few seconds drove around the operating track hoe.

             9) Presumably the track hoe operator, unless he or she
             was putting in some overtime, would still be working at 5
             o’clock.

             10) I parked my car at the courthouse and hurried over to
             [M]aster Commissioner Monica Lacy. My cell phone
             said 5:01. I was informed that the sale was over, and that
             Ms. Lacy had recorded it.

             11) Ms. Lacy said she either had not received my call or
             did not have a signal, but I do not recall which.

             12) I am quite sure the track hoe blockage in Stanton
             delayed me by several minutes.

(R. at 280-81.)

                                          -7-
               Following a hearing, the circuit court entered an order overruling

Carrington’s exceptions and denying its motion to set aside the sale.5 The order

states:

               In the case at hand, we are dealing with a piece of
               property that has an appraised value of $60,000 that was
               sold for $1.00. The Court finds no irregularities occurred
               in the sale process. In fact, counsel admitted in argument
               that they saw no irregularities on how the sale was
               conducted. Counsel who was retained to attend the sale
               testified he was delayed by various traffic/road
               construction issues and his prior stated “landmarks” for
               directions were no longer in place. He was driving from
               Cynthiana and did not arrive [until] after the stated sale
               time of 5:00 p.m. Even though his arrival time was only
               a few minutes afterwards, the sale had already been
               completed and recorded by the Master Commissioner.
               Although it is unfortunate for the Plaintiffs and Hon.
               Clifford start times must mean something. If not, the
               Master Commissioner would never have finality in sales.

               In his affidavit, Hon. Clifford indicated that he called the
               Master Commissioner on her cell phone; however, the
               Master Commissioner stated during arguments that the
               call was on her office number, and she did not receive the
               message until the next day as she had not been in her
               office. The message indicated that Hon. Clifford was on
               his way. However, this Court does not find any
               responsibility or requirement placed on the Master
               Commissioner to delay sales beyond the stated time even
               if she had received this message timely.

5
  Based on the circuit court’s order, it appears that the court held a hearing at which it heard
from the parties including Attorney Clifford and the Master Commissioner; however, the record
certified by the Powell Circuit Court does not include a DVD recording of the hearing. “It is
incumbent upon Appellant to present the Court with a complete record for review.” Chestnut v.
Commonwealth, 250 S.W.3d 288, 303 (Ky. 2008). When the record is incomplete, this Court
must assume that the omitted record supports the trial court. Commonwealth v. Thompson, 697
S.W.2d 143, 145 (Ky. 1985).

                                               -8-
             The Court further finds there is no indication of fraud or
             misdoings on any of the parties. Mr. Morton did what
             any good businessman would do. He showed up and bid.
             Although there is a discrepancy between the appraisal
             value and bid value; this Court does not find it is of such
             a difference that “shocks the conscience.”

             For the reasons stated above, the Plaintiff’s motion to
             vacate the sale is HEREBY OVERRULED and IT IS
             HEREBY ORDERED THAT THE SALE FROM
             FEBRUARY 21, 2021 [SIC] is AFFIRMED. This is a
             final Judgment and there is no reason to delay its entry of
             execution.

(R. 293-94.) On April 20, 2022, the circuit court entered an Order Confirming

Report of Sale, Approval of Deed and Order for Delivery of Deed.

             Carrington filed separate notices of appeal for each order, which

generated two separate appellate actions, No. 2022-CA-00514 and No. 2022-CA-

00516. Because two appeals arise from the same underlying action and present

identical issues, this Court consolidated them by order entered September 23,

2022.

                             II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

             “The circuit court’s decision to confirm or vacate a judicial sale is

reviewed for an abuse of discretion.” U.S. Bank National Association v.

Courtyards University of Kentucky, 594 S.W.3d 205, 209 (Ky. App.

2019) (citations omitted). The test for abuse of discretion is whether the trial

court’s decision was “arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair, or unsupported by sound

                                         -9-
legal principles.” Commonwealth v. English, 993 S.W.2d 941, 945 (Ky. 1999)

(citations omitted). While the test for abuse of discretion is easily stated, the

definition is amorphous and applying the test in practice is exceedingly difficult. It

requires appellate courts to walk a fine line by engaging “in a meaningful review

without resorting to retrying the issue[.]” Miller v. Eldridge, 146 S.W.3d 909, 917

(Ky. 2004) (emphasis added).

                                    III. ANALYSIS

             “Whatever the value of the property, it has long been the rule in this

jurisdiction that mere inadequacy of price is an insufficient ground for setting aside

a judicial sale.” Sterling Grace Mun. Securities Corp. v. Central Bank & Trust

Co., 926 S.W.2d 670, 673 (Ky. App. 1995). “For an inadequate price to require

reversal for a new sale, the amount brought in the original sale must be so grossly

inadequate as to ‘shock the conscience’ of the circuit court or raise the presumption

of fraud.” Id. “[T]he case which shocks the conscience of the court ‘can never be

reduced to a mathematical formula.’” Combs v. Reneer, 673 S.W.3d 809, 813 (Ky.

App. 2023) (quoting Looper v. Madison Guar. Sav. & Loan Ass’n, 292 Ark. 225,

729 S.W.2d 156, 157 (1987)). Rather, the inadequacy of the sales price must be

assessed considering all the circumstances surrounding the proceeding. Id. A low

sales price in combination with irregularities in the proceedings “can be grounds

                                         -10-
for setting aside a sale if the fault lies with the Master Commissioner rather than

one of the parties.” U.S. Bank National Association, 594 S.W.3d at 210.

               Faced with a sales price of $1.00 and Carrington’s objection, the

circuit court did precisely what this Court has previously indicated as proper – it

conducted a hearing at which it received testimony from both Carrington’s counsel

and the Master Commissioner. See, e.g., Halifax Financial Group, L.P. v. Lawson,

2013-CA-001114-MR, 2014 WL 3887952, at *3 (Ky. App. Aug. 8, 2014) (“We

believe that this matter should be remanded to the trial court for an evidentiary

hearing as there have been issues raised challenging the sufficiency of notice and

service upon which the court, in its sound discretion, may take into consideration

along with the alleged inadequate valuation in determining whether to set aside the

sale.”).6

               As set forth in the circuit court’s order, the testimony indicated that

there were no irregularities in the actual proceedings. The sale was set for

February 21, 2022, and the parties were given adequate prior notice of it. The sale

was advertised with a description of the property. The Master Commissioner

started the sale at the appointed time. Red River started with a bid of $1.00, and

when no other parties countered, the property was sold to it. Had Carrington’s

6
  This unpublished opinion is not cited as binding authority, but rather for consideration of the
underlying point of law as authorized by Kentucky Rule of Appellate Procedure (“RAP”) 41(A).

                                              -11-
representative been present, it would have no doubt bid against Red River and

generated a higher sales price. However, as noted by the circuit court, Attorney

Clifford’s failure to arrive at the sale was not attributable to the Master

Commissioner or the result of anything unusual. He encountered construction and

could not remember where to turn once he arrived in Stanton because the

landmarks he had previously relied upon were no longer present. Although

regrettable, we cannot say that the problems Attorney Clifford encountered were of

an irregular or unusual nature, and they certainly were not the fault of either Red

River or the Master Commissioner.

              Moreover, even if the Master Commissioner had received Attorney

Clifford’s message, we do not believe it would have been proper to delay the sale

when he failed to appear at the designated start time, as it would have suggested

favoritism to one of the parties to this action.

              In sum, the circuit court considered the low sales price in light of all

circumstances surrounding the sale and did not find the price so shocking that it

justified setting the sale aside. The circuit court rendered this decision after a

hearing at which it heard from all interested parties. We discern no abuse of

discretion on its part.

                                          -12-
                             IV. CONCLUSION

          For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the orders of the Powell Circuit

Court.

          ALL CONCUR.

BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:                   NO BRIEF FOR APPELLEE.

Brian E. Chapman
Cincinnati, Ohio

                                    -13-