Court Opinion

ID: 4183019
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-07-03 13:17:38.02503+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:39:12.141281
License: Public Domain

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Colleen Dubaskas,                             :
                      Petitioner              :
                                              :   No. 1543 C.D. 2016
                v.                            :
                                              :   Submitted: March 17, 2017
Unemployment Compensation                     :
Board of Review,                              :
                 Respondent                   :

BEFORE:         HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
                HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
                HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE McCULLOUGH                                            FILED: July 3, 2017

                Colleen Dubaskas (Claimant) petitions for review of the August 2,
2016 order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) that
affirmed the Referee’s decision that Claimant is ineligible for unemployment
compensation benefits under section 402(e) of the Unemployment Compensation
Law (Law).1 Claimant argues that the evidence was insufficient to support the
denial of benefits. We disagree.

       1
           Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S.
§802(e).
             Claimant worked as a personal care assistant (PCA) at Wyoming
Valley West School District (Employer), providing care for special needs students
from September 1, 2012 to her last day of work on November 18, 2015. Claimant
was given a medical restriction by her doctor that reduced her work week from five
days to three days. Claimant communicated this medical restriction to Employer
and, at a meeting on November 10, 2015, Employer offered Claimant alternative
work at one of two schools as a substitute PCA at a lower rate of pay. After
Claimant was suspended for failing to respond to Employer’s offer, Claimant met
with Employer’s Personnel Director, Joseph Muth (Muth), on December 18, 2015
and discussed the alternative employment options that would accommodate
Claimant’s medical restrictions. Employer did not offer Claimant any assignments
as they were approaching Christmas break and told Claimant to get in touch after
the break.   Employer also reminded Claimant that she needed to update her
clearances, which were required every four years, by the end of the year.
(Referee’s Findings of Fact Nos. 1-7.) Claimant was told in September 2015 that
her clearances were due by the end of the calendar year. (Original Record (O.R.)
at Item No. 13.)
             On February 5, 2016, Muth mailed a letter to Claimant stating that he
had not heard from her since before Christmas break and that her repeated failure
to maintain contact is considered abandonment of employment and that she must
immediately contact Employer or she would be terminated. (Referee’s Findings of
Fact No. 12.)
             On February 10, 2016, Claimant received the letter telling her to
contact Employer immediately around 3:30 p.m., after the end of the school day.
On the evening of February 10, 2016, after not receiving a phone call from
Claimant, the school board met and terminated Claimant’s employment due to
insubordination and abandonment of employment. On February 11, 2016, a letter

                                        2
was mailed to Claimant to inform her of her termination. Prior to receiving the
termination letter, Claimant called Employer on February 13, 2016 and was
notified that she had been terminated. Claimant then received the termination
letter dated February 11, 2016 on February 14, 2016. (O.R. at Item No. 4.)
               Claimant applied for benefits with the Department of Labor and
Industry (Department). On May 10, 2016, the Department stated that Claimant
was eligible for benefits because Employer did not provide information to show
that “Claimant was involved in the incident that caused the separation.” (O.R. at
Item No. 4.)
               Employer appealed the Department’s decision, and a hearing was held
before a Referee on June 21, 2016. (O.R. at Item No. 8.) It is undisputed that
Claimant did not report to work from November 18, 2015 to February 10, 2016,
the date of her termination.
               Muth, testifying on behalf of Employer, acknowledged that Claimant
could not work without her clearances and testified that, “[t]here was a state
mandate that every employee that worked for [Employer] must have their
clearances [updated] before the end of the year, December 31” and that employees
were notified of this at the beginning of the school year. (O.R. at Item No. 8,
Pages 12, 37-38.)
               Claimant testified that she was told not to return to work until she had
her clearances. Claimant stated that she sought the clearances as of or shortly after
the meeting on December 18, 2015, and that two clearances could be obtained the
same day they were requested, but that one clearance, the child abuse clearance,
takes two-to-eight weeks.       Claimant further testified that there were several
complications in obtaining her clearances, including that she was out of the school
system and did not have a computer at home.           (O.R. at Item No. 8, Page 18.)
Claimant testified that she called Employer on January 4 and 8, 2016, to discuss

                                           3
the trouble she experienced in trying to obtain her clearances. (O.R. at Item No. 8,
Page 25.) However, Claimant stated that she did not inform Employer prior to the
end of the 2015 calendar year that she was experiencing trouble obtaining her
clearances and acknowledged that Employer informed her at the beginning of the
school year that she needed her clearances before the end of the calendar year.
(O.R. at Item No. 8, Pages 37-38.)
            Claimant further testified that she obtained two of her three clearances
around February 1-2, 2016, and that the remaining clearance was one that could
have been obtained immediately.      (O.R. at Item No. 8, Page 32.) However,
Claimant did not explain why she waited to obtain this clearance.          Further,
Claimant offered no explanation of why she waited to contact Employer until
February 13, 2016.
            On June 23, 2016, the Referee issued a decision and order reversing
the Department and denying benefits, finding that Claimant was not diligent in
obtaining her clearances and did not take “all reasonable steps necessary to try to
maintain the employment relationship, and that her insubordination and not
contacting the personnel director as directed, and her essentially abandoning her
employment without any credible evidence of good cause” amounted to willful
misconduct. (O.R. at Item No. 9.) Claimant appealed to the Board.
            On review, the Board affirmed the Referee’s decision, holding that
Claimant “failed to credibly establish why she did not complete her clearances
when she was informed of the need for such clearances at the start of the school
year in September” and that Claimant also “failed to credibly establish why she did

                                         4
not timely contact the employer after Christmas.” (O.R. at Item No. 13.) Claimant
now appeals to this Court.2
              On appeal, Claimant challenges the Board’s conclusion that she
abandoned her employment and was discharged due to willful misconduct. More
specifically, Claimant argues that the evidence is insufficient to support a finding
of ineligibility because she called Employer on January 4, 2016, and January 8,
2016, to say that she had difficulty getting one of her clearances because she was
out of the school system and because one of the clearances took several weeks to
obtain and therefore, could not have returned to work after the Christmas break.
Claimant further argues that she did not abandon her employment because she did
not receive the February 5, 2016, letter requesting her to contact the school
immediately or else she would be terminated until February 10, 2016, after the end
of the school day. Claimant states that she called Employer on February 13, 2016,
but was informed that she had been terminated.
              In response, the Board noted that the findings that Claimant engaged
in willful misconduct without good cause regarding her ongoing absence from
work are supported by substantial evidence. More specifically, the Board found
that Claimant did not pursue obtaining her clearances in a diligent or timely
manner. As a matter of fact, the Board found that Claimant was informed in
September 2015 that she needed her clearances by the end of the calendar year and
did not apply for them, despite knowing that one could take several weeks, until
December 23, 2015. (Referee’s Finding of Fact No. 11.) The Board held that
Claimant failed to establish good cause for waiting so long. The Board further

       2
          Our scope of review is limited to determining whether constitutional rights have been
violated, whether errors of law were committed, or whether findings of fact are supported by
substantial evidence. Procyson v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 4 A.3d 1124,
1127 n.4 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010).

                                              5
held that Claimant failed to contact Employer after receiving the February 5, 2016
letter, noting that she did not attempt to call or leave a message on February 10,
2016, when she stated she received the letter, but waited until after she was
terminated to contact Employer.       The Board concluded that this delay was
unjustified and her actions constitute willful misconduct without good cause. We
agree.
             An employee is ineligible for unemployment compensation benefits
for any week “[i]n which his unemployment is due to his discharge or temporary
suspension from work for willful misconduct connected with his work.” 43 P.S.
§802(e). While “willful misconduct” is not statutorily defined, the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court has defined the term as, “a) wanton or willful disregard for an
employer's interests; b) deliberate violation of an employer's rules; c) disregard for
standards of behavior which an employer can rightfully expect of an employee; or
d) negligence indicating an intentional disregard of the employer's interest or an
employee's    duties   or   obligations.”       Caterpillar,   Inc.   v.   Unemployment
Compensation Board of Review, 703 A.2d 452, 456 (Pa. 1997). The employer
bears the initial burden of establishing a claimant engaged in willful misconduct.
Id.
             Excessive absences and a failure to contact an employer during a
period of absences may constitute willful misconduct.                 Schwarzenbach v.
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 387 A.2d 519, 521 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1978) (holding that a five-day leave of absence without written authorization
amounts to “voluntary termination when the employee fails to manifest his
intention not to abandon his employment [as the claimant here failed to do]”); see
generally Pettey v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 325 A.2d 642
(Pa. Cmwlth. 1988) (excessive absences, lack of good or adequate cause for the

                                            6
absence, and disregard of warnings regarding absenteeism can be considered
willful misconduct).
             The Board is the ultimate fact-finder, vested with the power to resolve
questions of witness credibility and evidentiary weight.              Pedersen v.
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 459 A.2d 869, 872 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1983). This Court is “bound by findings of facts that are supported by substantial
evidence; even though there is contradicting evidence which, if believed, would
dictate a different result.” Id.
             Here, it is undisputed that Claimant made only one attempt to report
for work after the meeting on December 18, 2015, to her discharge on February 11,
2016. Although Employer offered to accommodate her medical restrictions, and
provided suitable alternative work, Claimant did not submit her clearances by the
end of the 2015 calendar year and Claimant did not contact Employer until
February 13, 2016, several days after receiving the February 5, 2016 letter telling
her to contact Employer immediately or she would be terminated.           As these
findings are undisputed, they are binding and provide substantial evidence to
support the Board’s conclusion that Claimant’s excessive absences, failure to
diligently obtain her clearances, and failure to contact Employer constitute willful
misconduct. Claimant’s lack of diligence in obtaining her clearances is further
demonstrated by the fact that, after she obtained the child abuse clearance in the
beginning of February 2016, she failed to apply for her final clearance, which
could have been obtained the same day she requested it.
             Once the employer meets its burden of proving willful misconduct,
the burden shifts to the claimant to prove she had good cause for her actions.
Mulqueen v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 543 A.2d 1286, 1287
(Pa. Cmwlth. 1981).

                                         7
             Here, Claimant argues that she did not report for work because she
was waiting for her clearances to arrive. She argues that she had several problems
obtaining them, including being removed from the school system in December, not
having a personal computer at home, and that one of the clearances took several
weeks to obtain. Further, Claimant argues that she called Employer twice, on
January 4 and 8, 2016, to discuss her problems in obtaining her clearances.
             However, Claimant was instructed in September 2015 that her
clearances were needed by the end of the calendar year and did not begin the
process of obtaining them until December 23, 2015, despite knowing that the child
abuse clearance could take several weeks. Further, once Claimant obtained her
child abuse clearance, she failed to obtain the final clearance that she could have
obtained immediately. Although Claimant argues she attempted to discuss her
delay in obtaining the clearances in January of 2016, at no point prior to the end of
the 2015 calendar year did Claimant inform Employer that she was having
difficulty with clearances. Further, Claimant did not offer a reason as to why she
did not attempt to obtain her clearances sooner, given that she had notice in
September. Therefore, we conclude that Claimant has neither established good
cause for her excessive absences nor for her failure to obtain her clearances by
Employer’s deadline.
             Regarding Claimant’s failure to timely contact Employer following
the letter dated February 5, 2016 telling Claimant to contact Employer immediately
or she would be terminated, Claimant argues that she did not receive the letter until
February 10, 2016, after the end of the school day. She further argues that she
contacted Employer on February 13, 2016. While Claimant argues that school was
closed for the day on February 10, 2016, she did not leave a message and waited
three days prior to contacting Employer, despite February 11th and 12th both being

                                         8
school days. Therefore, we conclude that Claimant has also not established good
cause for her failure to contact Employer.3
               For the foregoing reasons, the order of the Board is affirmed.

                                                    ________________________________
                                                    PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge

       3
          While Claimant’s lack of diligence alone may not have been sufficient to constitute
willful misconduct, her actions in this case coupled with her failure to maintain contact with
Employer is sufficient here to establish willful misconduct and abandonment of employment
given that she was suspended for failing to respond to Employer’s alternative job offer in
December 2015, failed to contact Employer regarding her trouble obtaining her clearances prior
to the December 31, 2015 deadline, failed to contact Employer after she obtained her child abuse
clearance, and did not contact Employer for several days after receiving the letter dated February
5, 2016 informing her to contact Employer immediately or she would be terminated.

                                                9
     IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Colleen Dubaskas,                    :
                    Petitioner       :
                                     :    No. 1543 C.D. 2016
           v.                        :
                                     :
Unemployment Compensation            :
Board of Review,                     :
                 Respondent          :

                                  ORDER

           AND NOW, this 3rd day of July, 2017, the order of the
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review dated August 2, 2016, is affirmed.

                                         ________________________________
                                         PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge