Court Opinion

ID: 9533286
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-07 04:30:12.152721+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:28:59.612137
License: Public Domain

Griffin, J.
(dissenting). On the basis of the stipulated set of facts, it appears that because of a mutual mistake,1 Michigan resident2 Toni Boothe and Michi*45gan authorized insurer defendant Allstate Insurance Company entered into an illegal contract for automobile insurance. The majority upholds the validity of the insurance contract despite its illegality. I respectfully dissent.
i
On April 16, 1994, fifteen-year-old Treneil Boothe sustained significant chest and head injuries as a result of a motor vehicle accident that occurred in Cass County, Michigan. Treneil Boothe is the son of Allstate insured Toni Boothe. Plaintiff Farm Bureau Insurance Company is the insurer of the owner of the automobile that was occupied by Treneil Boothe at the time of the accident.
This is a declaratory judgment action to determine priority between plaintiff and defendant for the payment of Michigan personal protection insurance benefits (pip) owed Treneil Boothe arising out of the accident. Under the no-fault priority scheme, MCL 500.3114(1); MSA 24.13114(1), defendant Allstate is primarily responsible for the no-fault benefits if (1) Treneil Boothe and his mother were Michigan residents domiciled in the same household at the time of the accident and (2) Toni Boothe’s Allstate automobile insurance policy afforded Michigan’s personal protection insurance. The lower court ruled in favor of plaintiff with regard to the first issue, holding that Toni Boothe was a Michigan resident3 and that Treneil *46Boothe resided in the Michigan household of his mother. The majority and I agree that the lower court did not err in this ruling. However, the majority *47reverses on the basis that the Allstate automobile insurance policy did not provide security for compulsory Michigan no-fault insurance protection.
I agree with the majority that MCL 500.3163(1); MSA 24.13163(1)4 is not directly applicable in light of the finding that Toni Boothe was a Michigan resident and therefore not “an out-of-state resident.” However, I would affirm on the basis of a rationale different than the one used by the lower court. It is well settled that “[w]here a trial court reaches the correct result for the wrong reason, its decision need not be reversed on appeal.” In re People v Jory, 443 Mich 403, 425; 505 NW2d 228 (1993). See also Porter v Royal Oak, 214 Mich App 478, 488; 542 NW2d 905 (1995). Here, the lower court reached the right result.
n
The majority reaches an incongruous result by concluding that an automobile insurance policy issued to an out-of-state resident must be reformed to comply with Michigan law (MCL 500.3163[1]; MSA 24.13163[1]) while a policy issued to a Michigan resident need not. Overlooked or ignored is the Legisla*48ture’s intent and goal of providing a system of compulsory no-fault insurance for all Michigan motorists. Shavers v Attorney General, 402 Mich 554, 578-579; 267 NW2d 72 (1978). Under the present circumstances, I would hold that the public policy of the state of Michigan, as reflected by our Insurance Code and our case law, compels that the Boothe insurance policy be reformed to comply with Michigan law.5
Subsection 3101(1) of the no-fault act, MCL 500.3101(1); MSA 24.13101(1), provides in pertinent part:
The owner or registrant of a motor vehicle required to be registered in this state shall maintain security for payment of benefits under personal protection insurance, property protection insurance, and residual liability insurance.
Subsection 216(a) of the Michigan Vehicle Code, MCL 257.216(a); MSA 9.1916(a), exempts “nonresidents” from the Michigan registration requirement. “Nonresident” is straightforwardly defined by MCL 257.34; MSA 9.1834 as “every person who is not a resident of this state.”
In the context of required liability insurance, the Insurance Code provides:
Such a liability insurance policy issued in violation of sections 3004 through 3012 shall, nevertheless, be held valid but be deemed to include the provisions required by such sections, and when any provision in such policy or rider is in conflict with the provisions required to be contained by such sections, the rights, duties and obligations of the *49insured, the policyholder and the injured person shall be governed by the provisions of such sections: Provided, however, That the insurer shall have all the defenses in any action brought under the provisions of such sections that it originally had against its insured under the terms of the policy providing the policy is not in conflict with the provisions of such sections. [MCL 500.3012; MSA 24.13012 (emphasis added).]
Here, Toni Boothe was a Michigan resident. Because her vehicle was required to be registered in Michigan, her insurance must conform to the minimum requirements of the Michigan Insurance Code. Otherwise, the insurance contract violates public policy and subjects Toni Boothe to misdemeanor criminal liability. MCL 500.3102; MSA 24.13102.
In Blakeslee v Farm Bureau Mut Ins Co of Michigan, 388 Mich 464, 474; 201 NW2d 786 (1972), our Supreme Court addressed the now repealed uninsured motorist statutory provision and held that when the language of an automobile insurance contract is at odds with a statutory mandate, the automobile insurance contract must be reformed to comply with our law;
Given this clear purpose and the mandatory language of the statute, such language must be read into those provisions of a policy of insurance that differ or vary from the statutory language.
Following the repeal of compulsory uninsured motorist protection, the Supreme Court reiterated that in regard to statutorily mandated coverages, Michigan automobile insurance policies must be construed to satisfy the minimum statutory requirements. As the Supreme Court stated in Rohlman v Hawkeye*50Security Ins Co, 442 Mich 520, 524-525; 502 NW2d 310 (1993), and the footnote contained therein:
Pip benefits are mandated by statute under the no-fault act, MCL 500.3105; MSA 24.13105, and, therefore, the statute is the “rule book” for deciding the issues involved in questions regarding awarding those benefits.3 On the other hand, the insurance policy itself, which is the contract between the insurer and the insured, controls the interpretation of its own provisions providing benefits not required by statute. Therefore, because uninsured motorist benefits are not required by statute, interpretation of the policy dictates under what circumstances those benefits will be awarded.
Recently, in both State Farm Mut Automobile Ins Co v Enterprise Leasing Co, 452 Mich 25; 549 NW2d 345 (1996), and Citizens Ins Co v Federated Mut Ins *51Co, 448 Mich 225; 531 NW2d 138 (1995), the Supreme Court held that provisions of automobile insurance policies that violate the Insurance Code are void and that such contracts must be reformed to comply with compulsory insurance requirements.
In the present case, I would follow these authorities and hold that the automobile insurance policy issued by defendant to Michigan resident Toni Boothe must be reformed to comply with the compulsory Michigan no-fault automobile insurance law. After doing so, it is clear that defendant Allstate is first in priority for the benefits at issue because the injured party was a relative domiciled in the same household of the named insured. MCL 500.3114(1); MSA 28.13114(1).
For these reasons, I respectfully dissent. I would affirm.

 Both parties moved for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10). The stipulated facts contain no indication of fraud or misrepresentation by Toni Boothe. Were fraud or material misrepresentation proved, our disposition would likely be different.
The majority implies that Toni Boothe may have had an economic motive in securing the Indiana Allstate automobile insurance policy. There is no record evidence to support such conjecture. Further, I note that “[t]he no-fault insurance act was intended to provide prompt monetary relief for losses sustained in vehicular accidents at the lowest cost to the system, and the individual.” Walker v Farmers Ins Exchange, 226 Mich App 75, 78; 572 NW2d 17 (1997) (emphasis added). Cost-savings was one of the reasons the Michigan insurance industry supported the enactment of the no-fault automobile insurance statute. See, generally, Shavers v Attorney General, 402 Mich 554; 267 NW2d 72 (1978).

 Throughout this opinion I use the terms “resident” and “domicile” synonymously.

 The stipulated set of facts contain the following relevant information regarding the domicile of Toni Boothe:
Toni Boothe had several addresses at which she has spent time other than the Chain Lakes Road [Michigan] address in the last two years. Her driver’s license shows an address of 401 State Street, *46Apt. 1, Elkhart, Indiana. She would also occasionally stay with her sister and her family at 637 James Street, Elkhart, Indiana. Ms. Boothe used that address as her Indiana vehicle registration address and the address she used for her automobile insurance with Allstate.
At her sister’s address in Elkhart, Toni Boothe received mail, had clothes at that location and had a place to stay in the basement with a bed. She also gave her sister money, whatever she could, in the way of “rent” to stay there.
Toni testified that she also occasionally stayed with her son Walter in Elkhart. Toni Boothe also spent time at the Chain Lakes Road address in Cassopolis, Michigan. She estimated that in the 2>lk months of 1994 prior to the automobile accident, she spent probably most of the time, half the time or more, at the Chain Lakes Road address. She maintained custody of her three children who resided at the Chain Lakes Road address and went to school in Cassopolis. The school had emergency phone numbers where Ms. Boothe could be reached, that included the Chain Lakes Road address and the telephone number at Mr. Williams’ home. Toni Boothe received public assistance checks for Aid to Families with Dependent Children through the State of Michigan, and those checks were mailed to the Chain Lakes Road address. Toni Boothe had registered to vote in the State of Michigan in the 1980’s, although she could not remember when she had last voted. She also paid Mr. Williams money for the bills in exchange for living at the Chain Lakes Road address. She kept clothes at the Chain Lakes Road address and had a place to sleep in the front room on the other couch. She also acknowledged that she was “staying” at the Chain Lakes Road address in Cassopolis. She also testified that on the day she found out about Treneil’s accident, April 16, 1994, she was sleeping on the couch at the Chain Lakes Road address. She explained that she was “staying there temporarily until I found a place.”
Treneil was under the distinct impression that his mother was living with him, his sisters and father. When asked how often Toni Boothe stayed at the Chain Lakes Road address, Treneil testified “like everyday.” [Transcript citations deleted.]
Although the issue is close, I conclude that the Workman v DAIIE, 404 Mich 477; 274 NW2d 373 (1979), factors predominate in favor of finding Toni Boothe to be a Michigan resident at the time of both contracting and the accident.

 MCL 500.3163(1); MSA 24.13163(1) provides:
An insurer authorized to transact automobile liability insurance and personal and property protection insurance in this state shall file and maintain a written certification that any accidental bodily ipjuiy or property damage occurring in this state arising from the ownership, operation, maintenance or use of a motor vehicle as a motor vehicle by an out-of-state resident who is insured under its automobile liability insurance policies, shall be subject to the personal and property protection insurance system set forth in this act.
There is no dispute that defendant Allstate is a Michigan-authorized insurer that has filed and maintained a written certification regarding its out-of-state insureds.

 With regard to this issue, the present case is distinguishable from Mate v Wolverine Mut Ins Co, 233 Mich App 14; 592 NW2d 379 (1998). In Mate, the coverage, which was disputed, was optional, contractually based underinsured motorist protection, not compulsory insurance.

 “The policy and the statutes relating thereto must be read and construed together as though the statutes were a part of the contract, for it is to be presumed that the parties contracted with the intention of executing a policy satisfying the statutory requirements, and intended to make the contract to carry out its purpose.
“A policy of insurance must be construed to satisfy the provisions of the law by which it was required, particularly when the policy specifies that it was issued to conform to the statutory requirements; and where an insurance policy has been issued in pursuance of the requirement of a statute which forbids the operation of a motor vehicle until good and sufficient security has been given, the court should construe this statute and the policy together in the light of the legislative purpose.” [12A Couch, Insurance, 2d (rev ed), § 45:694, pp 331-332.]
“The definition[s] in an automobile liability insurance policy required by statute, of the motor vehicles covered by it, [are] to be construed with reference to statutes with which it was intended to comply .... [Id., § 45:695, p 333.]”