Court Opinion

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Opinions of the United
2005 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

7-12-2005

Mezini v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 04-3001

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                                                                   NOT PRECEDENTIAL

         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                        No. 04-3001

                                   ASLLAN I. MEZINI,
                                          Petitioner

                                               v.

                  ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,*
                                              Respondent

               *(Caption amended pursuant to Rule 43(c), Fed. R. App. Pro.)

                              Petition for Review of an Order
                           of the Board of Immigration Appeals
                                       (A95-356-281)

                        Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                     July 11, 2005

        Before: SLOVITER, McKEE, Circuit Judges, and FULLAM, District Judge *

                                  (Filed:    July 12, 2005)

                                            OPINION

_______________

*   Hon. John P. Fullam, Senior Judge, United States District Court for the Eastern
    District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
SLOVITER, Circuit Judge.

       Asllan I. Mezini, a native and citizen of Albania, seeks review of a final order

issued by the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) on June 4, 2004, denying his

Motion to Reopen and Reconsider the BIA’s September 22, 2003, decision to sustain the

government’s appeal of the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ’s”) grant of asylum. This court has

jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252. For the reasons stated below, we will deny the

Petition for Review.

                                             I.

       Because the parties are familiar with the factual and procedural background of this

case, we refer only to those facts that are pertinent to our disposition. Mezini entered the

United States as a nonimmigrant visitor on or around March 16, 2001, with authorization

to remain for a period not to exceed six months. In October, he applied for asylum. He

was interviewed by an INS 1 asylum officer who placed him in removal proceedings. At

the subsequent immigration hearing on July 31, 2002, Mezini conceded the charge of

removability, but renewed his application for asylum.

                    1
                    Effective March 2003, the Immigration and Naturalization
            Service (“INS”) ceased to exist as an independent agency within
            the Department of Justice and its functions were transferred to the
            Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services within the
            Department of Homeland Security. The BIA remains within the
            Department of Justice. Homeland Security Act of 2002, 6 U.S.C.
            §§ 271, 291.

                                              2
       In support of his application, Mezini testified that his godfather, an uncle, a

cousin’s spouse, and two friends were all killed by the Albanian government over a span

of more than fifty years. He recounted his own experiences with the Albanian secret

police, and his fear of persecution if removed to Albania. Mezini also testified that both

of his parents had been granted asylum in the United States, and his sister had been

granted withholding of removal. Although his father and sister were both available to

testify at the hearing, only Mezini testified.

       The IJ issued an oral decision on August 28, 2002, finding Mezini’s testimony

credible and granted him asylum. Less than a month later, the government filed a Notice

of Appeal with the BIA, arguing that the IJ’s decision was “arbitrary, capricious, and an

abuse of discretion,” made without any corroborating evidence, and that Mezini had not

met his burden of proof to establish eligibility for asylum. The government also argued

that the IJ improperly relied on facts not found in the record.2

       The government requested, and received, an extension to file its brief. One day

after the deadline, the government submitted a brief along with a Motion to Consider Late

Filed Appellate Brief. The BIA denied the motion, returned the brief, and refused to

consider any additional motions to accept the late filed brief. Nevertheless, the

                    2
                      The IJ partially relied on the movie The Hunt for Red
             October to overcome Mezini’s lack of corroborating evidence and
             deficiencies in testimony.

                                                 3
government filed a Motion to Reconsider Decision not to Accept Late Filed Appellate

Brief, along with said brief. That same day, in light of the government’s failure to submit

a timely brief, Mezini filed a letter with the BIA stating his intent to rely on the IJ’s

decision instead of submitting a brief.

       On September 22, 2003, the BIA sustained the government’s appeal, vacated the

IJ’s opinion, and ordered Mezini’s removal. Mezini did not appeal that order but instead

filed a timely Motion to Reopen and Reconsider, arguing that he was not given an

opportunity to present a full case or submit a brief to the BIA. He offered previously

unpresented evidence, including a statement from his father and a 1988 arrest declaration.

However, Mezini admitted in the accompanying affidavit that his father had been

available to testify, and the arrest declaration had been available at the time of the hearing

as well. Thus the BIA rejected Mezini’s Motion to Reopen and Reconsider on June 4,

2004, noting that he had an opportunity to present additional evidence but chose not to do

so, despite the government’s stated intent to appeal. Moreover, Mezini chose to rely upon

the IJ’s decision when he could have submitted a brief. This appeal followed.

                                              II.

       Because INS decisions involve foreign relations issues, the reasons for giving

deference to agency decisions apply with greater force in the immigration context. INS

v. Abudu, 485 U.S. 94, 110 (1988). This is even more applicable in the deportation

context because delays work in favor of the alien who “wishes merely to remain in the

                                               4
United States.” INS v. Doherty, 502 U.S. 314, 323 (1992). Thus, a decision by the BIA

to deny a motion to reopen or reconsider is reviewed for abuse of discretion, regardless

of the underlying basis for the request, and will only be disturbed if it is “‘arbitrary,

irrational, or contrary to law.’” Borges v. Gonzales, 402 F.3d 398, 404 (3d Cir. 2005)

(quoting Guo v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 556, 562 (3d Cir. 2004). Finally, the court reviews

de novo its own jurisdiction. Nugent v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 162, 165 (3d Cir. 2004).

                                              III.

       Under 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(b), a motion to reconsider must “specify[] the errors of

fact or law in the prior Board decision and shall be supported by pertinent authority.” A

motion to reopen is granted when “the evidence sought to be offered is material and was

not available and could not have been discovered or presented at the former hearing.” 8

C.F.R. § 1003.2(c).

       Mezini’s brief suggests that the court reviews discretionary decisions by the BIA

de novo, but offers no authority to support this contention. Nor have we found any

authority to support this claim. Because of his reliance on the more lenient standard of

review, much of Mezini’s brief is devoted to arguing that the IJ’s decision was “fair and

correct as a matter of fact and law” rather than showing that the BIA abused its discretion.

Br. for Pet’r at 14.

       However, even if Mezini did argue that the BIA abused its discretion, this court

would not reverse the BIA’s ruling. In order for this court to disturb the BIA’s decision

                                               5
to deny the Motion to Reconsider, Mezini must show that the BIA made a decision that

was “arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to law.” Guo, 386 F.3d at 562. But as the BIA

noted, Mezini’s attorney completed his questioning and did not present additional

evidence or testimony. Mezini also chose to rely on the IJ’s decision even though he had

time and opportunity to submit a brief to rebut the issues raised in the government’s

notice of appeal.

       When the BIA denies a motion to reopen, it does so on one of three grounds: (1)

failure to establish a prima facie case; (2) failure to introduce previously available,

material evidence that would justify reopening; or (3) if discretionary relief 3 is sought, the

BIA determines that the movant would not be entitled to relief even if he met both

requirements. Abudu, 485 U.S. at 104-05. In this case, the BIA denied the motion

because Mezini failed to introduce previously unavailable, material evidence.

       In an affidavit in support of the Motion to Reopen, Mezini conceded that although

additional evidence 4 was available at the time of the hearing, he was unable to present it

“due to exceptional circumstances.” App. at 18. The BIA rejected this justification based

on Mezini’s own admission that the evidence was not new. Moreover, other than the

statement and the arrest declaration, neither Mezini’s nor his lawyer’s affidavits contained

                       3
                      Discretionary relief includes asylum, suspension of
             deportation, and adjustment of status. Abudu, 485 U.S. at 104-05.
                       4
                           An arrest declaration from 1988, and a statement from his
             father.

                                                  6
any new material evidence.

       Because the court reviews the BIA’s decision to deny a motion to reopen and

reconsider under the deferential abuse of discretion standard, and Mezini failed to show

that the BIA’s decision was “arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to law,” we will reject the

Petition for Review.

                                             IV.

       Mezini’s final argument challenges the merits of the BIA’s September 22, 2003,

decision directing his removal. Under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(1), a petition for review of a

final order of removal must be filed within thirty days of the date of the order. This

deadline is mandatory and jurisdictional. See Pomper v. Thompson, 836 F.2d 131, 132-

33 (3d Cir. 1987) (per curiam). Moreover, it cannot be tolled by a motion to the BIA to

reopen and reconsider. See Stone v. INS, 514 U.S. 386, 395 (1995). Because Mezini

filed a Motion to Reopen and Reconsider instead of a Petition for Review to this court,

Mezini’s challenge to the removal order is untimely and we may not consider the merits

of the argument.

                                             V.

       For the above reasons, Mezini’s Petition for Review will be denied.

________________________