Court Opinion

ID: 9404622
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-06-23 17:00:41.059403+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:15.825031
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                       No. 22-2880
                                       __________

                                 KEITH ALEXANDER,
                                            Appellant

                                             v.

    THOMAS MCGINLEY; KATHY BISCO; JUSTIN AGOSTA; LINDSAY NYE
               ____________________________________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                          (D.C. Civil Action No. 3:20-cv-02226)
                     District Judge: Honorable Malachy E. Mannion
                      ____________________________________

                    Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                    June 13, 2023
            Before: HARDIMAN, PORTER, and FREEMAN, Circuit Judges

                                      (Opinion filed )
                                       ___________

                                        OPINION*
                                       ___________

PER CURIAM

       Keith Alexander, proceeding pro se, appeals an order of the United States District

*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania granting defendants’ motion to dismiss his

complaint. For the reasons that follow, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

      Alexander, a state prison inmate, filed a complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983

against four prison employees, seeking compensatory and punitive damages and

injunctive relief for alleged violations of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. Dkt.

No. 50 at 7. Alexander alleged that, while he was working in the prison commissary, a

fellow inmate’s cart slashed his Achilles tendons, and the employees “knew or should

have known” the circumstances could cause severe injury. Dkt. No. 50 at 3-6. Before

the defendants were served, Alexander filed a motion to subpoena his medical records,

which the District Court dismissed as premature. Dkt. Nos. 6 & 18. After the defendants

moved to dismiss Alexander’s complaint, he filed a motion to amend. Dkt. Nos. 40 &

50. He twice sought appointment of counsel. Dkt. Nos. 2 & 38.

      The District Court denied Alexander’s motions for appointment of counsel,

granted his motion to amend and defendants’ motion to dismiss, and dismissed his

amended complaint. Dkt. Nos. 7, 5, 85. Alexander filed this timely appeal.

      We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the denial of

Alexander’s discovery request and motions for appointment of counsel for abuse of

discretion. Parham v. Johnson, 126 F.3d 454, 457 (3d Cir. 1997); In re Fine Paper

Antitrust Litig., 685 F.2d 810, 817 (3d Cir. 1982). We exercise de novo review over the

District Court’s grant of a motion to dismiss. Castleberry v. STI Grp., 863 F.3d 259, 262-

63 (3d Cir. 2017).

                                            2
       On appeal, Alexander contends that the District Court abused its discretion in

dismissing without prejudice his motion to subpoena his medical records. According to

Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(1), a party may request that the court intervene in discovery only if

he has “in good faith conferred or attempted to confer” with the party that has failed to

make the requested disclosure. As the District Court correctly explained, Alexander’s

motion was premature: the defendants had not yet been served, so they had not yet been

given the opportunity to comply with discovery requirements, and Alexander could not

have attempted to confer with them.

       Alexander also asserts that the District Court erred in ruling on defendants’ motion

to dismiss without first directing a Magistrate Judge to submit a recommendation on the

motion.1 However, the Federal Magistrates Acts states that “a [district court] judge may

designate a magistrate judge” to take certain actions, including submitting a

recommendation on a dispositive motion; a judge is not required to do so. See 28 U.S.C.

§ 636(b)(1)(A-B) (emphasis added). Alexander also made no request to the District

Court regarding a recommendation from a Magistrate Judge.2

1
  As to Alexander’s argument that a Magistrate Judge should have made a
recommendation regarding his motion to amend, C.A. Dkt. No. 10 at 14-17, because
Alexander’s motion was granted, we do not have appellate jurisdiction over an appeal
from this order, see McLaughlin v. Pernsley, 876 F.2d 308, 313 (3d Cir. 1989) (“In order
to have standing to appeal a party must be aggrieved by the order of the district court
from which it seeks to appeal.”).
2
  To the extent Alexander asserts that the District Court’s adverse ruling on the motion to
dismiss demonstrates judicial bias, C.A. Dkt. No. 10 at 14 & 16-17, we note that “judicial
rulings alone almost never constitute a valid basis for a bias or partiality motion,” Liteky
v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555-56 (1994). Nothing here indicates an exception to
that proposition.
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       Alexander may have forfeited a specific challenge to the District Court’s dismissal

of his Eighth Amendment claim by failing to raise an argument about the merits of the

claim in his brief. See Barna v. Bd. of Sch. Dirs. of Panther Valley Sch. Dist., 877 F.3d

136, 145-47 (3d Cir. 2017). Regardless, the District Court was correct to dismiss

Alexander’s claim because it rested on principles of negligence, which does not satisfy

the state of mind required to establish a violation of the Eighth Amendment. See Thomas

v. Tice, 948 F.3d 133, 138 (3d Cir. 2020) (requiring a plaintiff to show that officials

“actually knew of and disregarded constitutional violations” to state an actionable Eighth

Amendment claim) (citation omitted).

       As to Alexander’s argument that the District Court abused its discretion by

denying his motions for appointment of counsel, C.A. Dkt. No. 10 at 4 & 7-12, we

disagree. In deciding whether to appoint counsel, a court must first determine whether

the litigant’s case has arguable merit. See Tabron v. Grace, 6 F.3d 147, 155 (3d Cir.

1993). As discussed, Alexander’s claims were without merit, so the District Court was

correct in its denials.

       Accordingly, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.3

3
 We deny Alexander’s motions requesting that we dismiss Appellees’ brief as untimely
or rescind the Clerk’s order granting Appellees’ request for an extension of time to file a
brief. C.A. Dkt. Nos. 20, 21, 22, 24.
                                            4