Court Opinion

ID: 4561597
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-08-31 19:00:41.768271+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:32:31.887307
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                      United States Court of Appeals
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                          Tenth Circuit

                             FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                          August 31, 2020
                         _________________________________
                                                                         Christopher M. Wolpert
                                                                             Clerk of Court
 QUINN NGIENDO,

       Plaintiff - Appellant,

 v.                                                           No. 19-3239
                                                  (D.C. No. 5:18-CV-04127-SAC-TJJ)
 PEP-KU, LLC; AMELIA LUDLOW;                                   (D. Kan.)
 MADISON CLINE,

       Defendants - Appellees,

 and

 LUCY EVANS,

       Defendant.
                         _________________________________

                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
                         _________________________________

Before TYMKOVICH, Chief Judge, HOLMES and MORITZ, Circuit Judges.
                 _________________________________

       Quinn Ngiendo, proceeding pro se, appeals from the district court’s order

dismissing her amended complaint and denying her motion for leave to file a third

amended complaint. She also appeals from the district court’s order denying her

       *
        After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously to honor the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent,
except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It
may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
motion for reconsideration and request to transfer venue. Exercising jurisdiction

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.

      I. Background

      The following summary is taken from the factual allegations in Ms. Ngiendo’s

amended complaint.1 Ms. Ngiendo is a resident of Kansas and originally from

Kenya. She leased an apartment from defendant Pep-KU, LLC in April 2016 in

The Reserves, which is primarily for student housing. The living arrangement

involves roommates each leasing a private bedroom and sharing common areas

including the bathrooms, living room, and kitchen. Her original roommates left after

the 2016–2017 school year and she was assigned three new roommates—defendants

Amelia Ludlow, Madison Cline, and Lucy Evans. Ms. Ludlow and Ms. Cline moved

into the apartment on August 15, 2017.2 Ms. Ngiendo identifies as black and the

individual defendants are “all of white race.” R., Vol. I at 29. Problems developed

almost immediately after the individual defendants moved in with Ms. Ngiendo.

According to Pep-KU’s motion to dismiss, Ms. Ngiendo was a tenant at The Reserves

through September 2017.

      Ms. Ngiendo subsequently filed the lawsuit that gave rise to this appeal. In her

amended complaint, she asserted a claim under the Fair Housing Act (FHA), alleging

      1
         The district court dismissed Ms. Ngiendo’s original complaint for failure to
state a claim upon which relief may be granted, but gave her permission to file an
amended complaint.
      2
        At some point, Ms. Evans moved into the apartment, but she was not named
as a defendant in the amended complaint and she is not a party to this appeal.
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that she was constructively evicted and discriminated against based on her race and

national origin. She identified the following behaviors that she characterized as

harassing and offensive: (1) her milk would go bad, suggesting it was intentionally

taken out of the refrigerator; (2) her roommates hid the remote control to the

television; (3) Ms. Evans left a dirty undergarment on her clean bath towel and did

not sincerely apologize; (4) her roommates would take over the living room and

dining tables causing her to eat her meals in her room; (5) her roommates would

leave “violent malicious notes”3 on the stove, microwave, and refrigerator; and

(6) her roommates did not pay their share of a very large utility bill. Id. at 31-32.

Ms. Ludlow also played loud “nigga music” one day and once invited nine men into

their very small living room. Id. at 31.

      Pep-KU, Ms. Ludlow, and Ms. Cline all moved to dismiss Ms. Ngiendo’s

amended complaint pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure. The district court granted the motions, concluding that the federal claims

in the amended complaint failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted.4

In doing so, the court considered whether the complaint contained “sufficient factual

      3
        The amended complaint does not provide any information about the content
of these notes.
      4
        Ms. Ngiendo also asserted state law claims for breach of contract and
defamation, but the district court declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over
those claims. Ms. Ngiendo does not challenge that portion of the district court’s
order on appeal.
                                            3
matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.”

Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).

       The court construed Ms. Ngiendo’s FHA claim as alleging a hostile housing

environment. But the court determined Ms. Ngiendo had not alleged facts that

plausibly demonstrated: (1) her living conditions were sufficiently severe or

pervasive to create an abusive environment; (2) the alleged harassment was based

upon her race; or (3) Pep-KU knew or should have known about the harassment. The

court also considered Ms. Ngiendo’s claim that she was constructively evicted, but

noted “the facts alleged in the amended complaint do not explain the eviction

process,” and further noted that “the amended complaint . . . does not allege facts

plausibly showing there was a racial motive behind plaintiff’s alleged eviction by

defendant Pep-KU.” R., Vol. I at 254.

       While the motions to dismiss were pending, Ms. Ngiendo filed a motion for

leave to file a third amended complaint.5 In her proposed third amended complaint,

she sought to add claims under the FHA for retaliation and discrimination based on

disability. In its order dismissing the amended complaint, the district court also

denied as futile Ms. Ngiendo’s motion for leave to file a third amended complaint.

       5
        Although Ms. Ngiendo sought leave to file what she characterized as a
“Third amended Complaint,” R., Vol. I at 92, we note that her proposed complaint
was actually her second amended complaint (and third complaint overall).
                                             4
      Ms. Ngiendo then filed a motion seeking reconsideration of the district court’s

decision and requesting that her case be transferred to a different venue. The district

court denied the motion.

      Ms. Ngiendo now appeals from the district court’s orders.

      II. Discussion

      We review de novo the district court’s dismissal of Ms. Ngiendo’s amended

complaint pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief may

be granted. Wyoming v. U. S. Dep’t of Interior, 839 F.3d 938, 942 (10th Cir. 2016).

We review for abuse of discretion the district court’s denial of Ms. Ngiendo’s motion

for leave to amend her complaint, Hertz v. Luzenac Grp., 576 F.3d 1103, 1117 (10th

Cir. 2009), and the denial of her motion for reconsideration, Walters v. Wal-Mart

Stores, Inc., 703 F.3d 1167, 1172 (10th Cir. 2013). We also note that “[a]lthough we

liberally construe pro se filings, we do not assume the role of advocate.” Yang v.

Archuleta, 525 F.3d 925, 927 n.1 (10th Cir. 2008).

      Ms. Ngiendo’s brief lists twenty-three issues for review. See Aplt. Opening

Br. at 2-6. She then addresses four arguments in the section of her brief titled

“Summary of Argument,” see id. at 15-32, and then one argument in the section titled

“Argument,” see id. at 32-37.

      Ms. Ngiendo’s brief has not adequately preserved all twenty-three of her

issues for review. “We do not consider merely including an issue within a list to be

adequate briefing.” Garrett v. Selby Connor Maddux & Janer, 425 F.3d 836, 841

(10th Cir. 2005) (internal quotation marks omitted). To the extent those issues are

                                           5
not included as part of the arguments identified in the summary of the argument and

argument sections, they are waived. See id. (“Issues will be deemed waived if they

are not adequately briefed.” (brackets and internal quotation marks omitted)).

       Liberally construing Ms. Ngiendo’s pro se brief, we will consider the merits of

her arguments in both the summary of the argument and argument sections. We

construe those argument as follows: (1) the district court erred in dismissing her

amended complaint for failure to state a claim by concluding that “[she] did not

endure prolonged incidents [of] abuse to qualify [for the] FHA” and did not give her

pleadings the liberal construction Rule 8(e) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

requires, see Aplt. Opening Br. at 27; (2) the district court abused its discretion in

dismissing her retaliation claim by stating she did not have a property interest in her

guest’s car, see id. at 28; (3) the district court abused its discretion by failing to

transfer her case to another venue, see id. at 29-30; (4) the district court abused its

discretion by not properly adjudicating the disability part of her FHA claim, see id. at

32; and (5) the district court erred in dismissing her FHA claim because she did plead

disparate treatment in her housing situation based on her race, see id. at 36.

       Having reviewed the briefs, the record, and the relevant legal authority, we

conclude that the district court’s order thoroughly and carefully resolved

Ms. Ngiendo’s claims. In particular, we agree with the district court that the

harassment Ms. Ngiendo alleged in her amended complaint was not sufficiently

severe or pervasive to plausibly plead a claim for a hostile housing environment

under the FHA. Likewise, we agree that Ms. Ngiendo did not include sufficient

                                             6
factual allegations to plausibly plead a claim that Pep-KU constructively evicted her

based on her race. As for her retaliation and disability claims, those were included in

her proposed third amended complaint, and the district court addressed them when

considering her motion for leave to amend her complaint. The court concluded it

would be futile to amend to add those claims because they also failed to state a claim

upon which relief could be granted. We agree with the district court’s assessment of

those claims for the reasons articulated by the district court in its order. Finally, the

district court denied the request to transfer as moot after denying Ms. Ngiendo’s

motion for reconsideration, and we agree with the district court’s resolution of that

motion.

      Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s judgment for substantially the same

reasons stated by the court in its orders dated July 30, 2019, and September 23, 2019.

                                             Entered for the Court

                                             Jerome A. Holmes
                                             Circuit Judge

                                            7