Court Opinion

ID: 6319664
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-03-03 16:02:08.333944+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:01:39.525140
License: Public Domain

Cite as 2022 Ark. 55
                   SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
                                         No.   CV-21-382

                                                   Opinion Delivered:   March 3, 2022
 HUSIA HARKUF
                                 APPELLANT PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE
                                           JEFFERSON COUNTY CIRCUIT
 V.                                        COURT
                                           [NO. 35CV-20-668]

 LEAH MARONY, RECORDS           HONORABLE JODI RAINES DENNIS,
 SUPERVISOR, ARKANSAS           JUDGE
 DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION;
 DEXTER PAYNE, DIRECTOR,
 ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF         AFFIRMED.
 CORRECTION
                      APPELLEES

                                  BARBARA W. WEBB, Justice

       Appellant Husia Harkuf, formerly known as Robert Moten, appeals the circuit court’s

dismissal of his petition for declaratory relief wherein Harkuf challenged the determination

of his parole eligibility by officials with the Arkansas Department of Correction (ADC).

Because Harkuf failed to demonstrate that the appellees acted in contravention of the

statutes pertaining to his parole eligibility, we affirm the dismissal of the petition.

                                      I. Standard of Review

       Our standard of review for the granting of a motion to dismiss is whether the circuit

court abused its discretion. Mitchem v. Hobbs, 2014 Ark. 233 (per curiam). Additionally,

Harkuf’s grounds for relief are based on an interpretation of criminal and enhancement
statutes, and this court reviews issues of statutory interpretation de novo because it is for this

court to decide the meaning of a statute. State v. Higginbotham, 2020 Ark. 315, 612 S.W.3d

164.

                                         II. Background

       In 2010, Harkuf was convicted at a bench trial of one count of first-degree battery

and one count of second-degree battery and sentenced to an aggregate term of 264 months’

imprisonment. The Arkansas Court of Appeals affirmed. Moten v. State, 2011 Ark. App. 417.

The record further reflects that, in 1995, Harkuf pleaded guilty to reckless discharge of a

firearm from a vehicle in violation of Ark. Code Ann. § 5-74-107(b)(1) (Supp. 1993).

Pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 16-93-609(b)(1) (Repl. 2006), any person who commits a

violent felony and who has previously been found guilty of a violent felony “shall not be

eligible for release on parole.” Under section 16-93-609(b)(2), a violent felony is defined as

one of the offenses listed in Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-501(d)(2) (Repl. 2006). Included in the

offenses listed in section 5-4-501(d)(2) is a violation of section 5-74-107, which prohibits the

discharge of a firearm from a vehicle. In light of the above, appellees determined that Harkuf

was not eligible for parole because he had been previously convicted of a violent felony as

defined by section 16-93-609.

                                      III. Claims for Relief

       Harkuf contended below and reasserts on appeal that his prior conviction for

recklessly firing a gun from a vehicle is not a violent offense according to the definition set

out in Ark. Code Ann. § 5-74-103(c), which states in pertinent part that a “crime of violence”

                                                2
means a violation of the law “where a person purposely and knowingly causes or threatens

to cause death or serious physical injury to another person.” Harkuf argues that he was

convicted of violating section 5-74-107(b)(1) by recklessly discharging a firearm from a vehicle

in a manner that creates a substantial risk of physical injury to another person. Accordingly,

Harkuf contends that he did not commit a prior violent felony as defined by the “Arkansas

Gang, Organization, or Enterprise Act” codified at Ark. Code Ann. §§ 5-74-101 through –

203.

       Harkuf insists that the definition of a violent felony in section 16-93-609 conflicts

with the definition of a crime of violence that is set forth by the gang or enterprise act, which

is applicable to all crimes defined by that act, including a violation of section 5-74-107(b).

Harkuf maintains that the definition of a crime of violence as an act of knowingly discharging

a firearm from a vehicle as set forth in section 5-74-103 takes precedence over section 16-93-

609, which defines a violent felony as including the reckless discharge of a firearm. In

addition, Harkuf contends that the reckless discharge of a firearm as defined in section 5-74-

107(b) conflicts with other definitions of violent crimes, such as those set forth in Ark. Code

Ann. § 5-73-101 (Supp. 2006), and that a violent crime must include the infliction of physical

injury as defined in Ark. Code Ann. § 5-1-102(14) (Repl. 2006).

                                   IV. Statutory Construction

       When statutes are unambiguous, we construe them by looking to all laws on the

subject, viewing them as a single system, and giving effect to the general purpose of the

system. Searcy Farm Supply, LLC v. Merchants & Planters Bank, 369 Ark. 487, 256 S.W.3d 496

                                               3
(2007). A statute is ambiguous only when it is open to two or more constructions or when it

is of such obscure or doubtful meaning that reasonable minds might disagree or be uncertain

as to its meaning. Cave City Nursing Home, Inc. v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 351 Ark. 13, 89

S.W.3d 884 (2002). This court is very hesitant to interpret a legislative act in a manner

contrary to its express language unless it is clear that a drafting error or omission has

circumvented legislative intent. Id. We take pains to harmonize statutes that are seemingly

in conflict. Searcy Farm Supply, 369 Ark. 487, 256 S.W.3d 496. This is because our rules of

statutory construction hold that statutes relating to the same subject are in pari materia and

should be read in a harmonious manner if possible. Hinojosa v. State, 2009 Ark. 301, 319

S.W.3d 258. Unless two statutes relating to the same subject are in conflict and cannot be

reconciled, they are to be read together, and each is to be given its intended effect. Id.

                                          V. Analysis

       Section 16-93-609 is not ambiguous in that it clearly includes a violation of section 5-

74-107 in its definition of a prior violent felony. It is neither open to two or more

constructions nor is it vague. Section 16-93-609 relegates the actions of an executive agency,

the ADC, while section 5-74-107 is a criminal statute. They can be read harmoniously to

mean that section 16-93-609 is applicable to restrain the ADC’s province related to parole

to the specific criminal offenses listed—which includes the previous firearm offense—and the

criminal statutes enacted in 1993 were designed to punish criminal conduct related to gang

activity. See Sesley v. State, 2011 Ark. 104, 380 S.W.3d 390; Neely v. State, 2010 Ark. 452, 370

S.W.3d 820. In other words, the statutes are harmonic because they relate to different

                                               4
provisions of the law—crime and punishment and when an executive agency (the ADC) is

limited in how it applies its discretion related to parole eligibility. The ADC did not

misinterpret the law as it applies to Harkuf’s parole eligibility and acted within its province,

as restrained by the legislature, to determine the same. The circuit court did not abuse its

discretion when it dismissed Harkuf’s declaratory-judgment action.

       Affirmed.

       WOMACK, J., concurs.

       Husia Harkuf, pro se appellant.

       Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Pamela Rumpz, Sr. Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.

                                               5