Court Opinion

ID: 2688479
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-08-01 00:01:08.301795+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:17:43.476146
License: Public Domain

Filed 7/29/14 In re Z.M. CA1/1
                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                       FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION ONE

In re Z.M.-R., a Person Coming Under the
Juvenile Court Law.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CHILDREN
& FAMILY SERVICES BUREAU,                                            A139514
         Plaintiff and Respondent,
                                                                     (Contra Costa County
v.                                                                   Super. Ct. No. J1000729)
TIMOTHY R.,
         Defendant and Appellant.

                                              I. INTRODUCTION
         Timothy R., minor Z.M.-R.’s father, challenges the denial of his petition for
modification of the court’s previous orders terminating reunification services and setting
a permanent plan hearing. (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 388, 366.26.)1 At a combined hearing
on father’s petition and the selection of minor’s permanent plan, the juvenile court denied
the petition, selected adoption as minor’s permanent plan, and terminated father’s
parental rights. Father contends that the juvenile court abused its discretion in denying
his modification petition. We reject this contention and affirm the juvenile court’s orders.
                     II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
         Z.M.-R. was born May 2, 2010. At the time, her 18-year-old mother, R.M., was a
dependent child living in a foster home. Parents had a history of domestic violence and

1
    All further unspecified statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
                                                             1
on May 4, father reportedly hit mother in the face, breaking her nose and blackening her
eye. She was treated for her injuries at a hospital and released. On May 7, social
workers from the Contra Costa County Bureau of Children and Family Services (Bureau)
interviewed mother. Mother equivocated about whether father was responsible for her
injuries, which occurred in the minor’s presence, but stated that father physically attacked
her when she was six months pregnant. Mother agreed to have no further contact with
father and to seek a protective restraining order against him for herself and her child.2
A. First Petition
       On May 17, 2010, the Bureau filed a juvenile dependency petition alleging the
minor came within section 300, subdivision (b) as a result of domestic violence between
the parents. Mother and the Bureau stipulated to juvenile court jurisdiction based on
father’s infliction of domestic violence requiring medical attention on mother during her
pregnancy and shortly after the minor’s birth. The court sustained the petition on that
basis at the jurisdictional hearing, which father did not attend.
       At the dispositional hearing on August 19, 2010, the Bureau recommended, and
the court ordered, that the minor remain in mother’s care on a family maintenance plan.
Father was not present, as he was incarcerated.
B. Supplemental Petition
       On January 7, 2011, the Bureau filed a supplemental petition (§ 387) alleging
mother had failed to enroll in a domestic violence treatment plan, engage in individual
therapy, complete a parenting class, and “maintain a stable and suitable residence for
herself and her child.” The minor was detained. Father was denied visitation.
       On March 2, 2011, the supplemental petition was amended to add allegations that
mother and father were continuing to have contact with each other, resulting in ongoing
domestic violence. According to the social worker’s report, on January 15, 2011, mother

2
  Mother obtained a restraining order against father on March 7, 2011. It expired
February 24, 2014.

                                              2
went to see father, who was staying with his mother, Ms. R., in Antioch. When she
arrived, they began to kiss. Although she told father she did not want to have sex, she
allowed him to perform oral sex on her; they had consensual sexual intercourse until she
told him she wanted him to stop because she would miss her bus. When mother tried to
leave, the two got into a physical altercation in which father strangled mother until she
lost consciousness and kicked her in the mouth. The police were called by Ms. R. Father
ran off. Mother was cited by police and driven by them to the BART station. Mother
was picked up at the West Oakland BART station by her sister, who called an ambulance.
Mother was taken to Highland Hospital where she told a police officer she had been
raped and beaten by father.
       The officer arrested father for domestic violence and a probation violation at Ms.
R.’s apartment. At the jail, he gave a statement to police in which he stated he asked
mother to visit him because he was concerned about how she was coping since the
Bureau took their child away. She came in through the back door and immediately
grabbed a knife from the kitchen. They had consensual intercourse. Mother became
extremely emotional about the child, and threatened to kill herself with the knife. He
stopped her from doing so. Mother stated she wanted to fight, and hit him in the mouth.
He did not hit her during the fight. He left when the police were called because he was
on probation.
       Another officer interviewed Ms. R., who said she heard banging on her back door
and noises coming from her kitchen consistent with someone rifling the utensil drawer,
which contained knives. She called the police. She recognized mother’s voice and
believed mother was trying to stab her son, based on what she heard, but she did not see
anything. The police were aware there was “a long history of documented assaults
perpetrated by [father] against [mother].”
       On March 14, 2011, mother pleaded no contest to one amended count alleging she
had failed to complete her court-ordered Family Maintenance Plan, and continued to have

                                             3
contact with father until January 15, 2011. The court found the amended count true and
dismissed the remaining allegations of the supplemental petition.
       The disposition hearing was held April 18, 2011. The Bureau’s report
recommended services for both parents. The minor, now 10 months old, was “on track
developmentally,” and did not present with any mental or emotional issues at that time.
She was in a licensed foster home in Contra Costa County.
       The disposition report noted father was in custody from January 16, 2011 until
March 16, 2011. He had “an extensive criminal history involving violence from
November 29, 1996 to January 15, 2011.”3 He was staying with his mother pending his
enrollment in a residential program on March 31. However, father was shot in the foot
on March 30 and had to delay his entry into the program.
       Among other things, father’s case plan required him to notify the social worker
immediately of any change of address or phone number; initiate monthly contact with the
social worker; maintain a stable living situation for six months, attend and demonstrate
progress in a county certified domestic violence prevention plan; visit with his child;
engage in general counseling; and participate in a parenting education program. The case
plan envisioned completion by September 30, 2011. The court ordered supervised
visitation of one hour monthly. Father made his first visit on April 7.
C. Six-Month Review
       The matter came on for six-month review September 19, 2011. The Bureau
recommended continued services to both parents. The minor was still in a licensed foster
home in Contra Costa County. The minor, now 16 months old, appeared to be on track

3
  The dispositional report listed “burglary, auto theft, petty theft, domestic violence, a
restraining order, intent to terrorize, robbery, battery on a person, forgery, receiving
stolen property, inflict corporal punishment on a spouse/cohabitant, vandalism, annoying
phone call: obscene /threat, failure to pay fare on public transit system, failure to appear
after written promise, possession of an assault weapon, possession of marijuana for sale,
driving with a suspended license, obstructing public officer, failure to test, and false
imprisonment.”

                                             4
developmentally and did not present with any mental or emotional problems. An
alternative relative placement, in case mother failed to reunify with the minor, had been
identified.
       Father was currently either in compliance with, or making progress toward, his
case plan objectives. For example, he had maintained a stable living situation for six
months and initiated monthly contact with the social worker. He had enrolled in a
domestic violence/anger management program through STAND on June 29, 2011.
Father had supervised visitation with the minor twice a month, and the visits went well.
He drug-tested once a month. He had been given referrals for parenting classes, but he
had yet to provide verification of his enrollment. He stated he was “in favor of having
[his daughter] placed with a relative until he is able to adequately provide for her.” The
court adopted the Bureau’s recommendation and continued the matter for a 12-month
review hearing.
D. Twelve-Month Review
       In October 2011, mother gave birth to a son. In November 2011, father was
incarcerated for some period of time on a parole violation. Nevertheless, in a report
dated October 2011, the Bureau recommended continued services to both parents.
       The 12-month review hearing was held April 26, 2012. In advance of that
hearing, in a status review report dated March 5, 2012, the Bureau initially recommended
the court terminate reunification services for mother and set a section 366.26 permanency
planning hearing. In January, mother had expressed a wish to give up her daughter for
guardianship.
       Z.M.-R. resided in the home of her paternal cousin in San Joaquin County. Now
22 months old, she had been referred to the Regional Center on February 29, 2012 for
evaluation of possible language delays. She did not present with any mental or emotional
behaviors “outside of being in the beginning stages of the ‘Terrible Two’s.’ ”

                                             5
       In February 2012, father had a expressed a wish to obtain custody of his daughter.
He had consistently visited with the minor twice a month in San Joaquin County and the
visits continued to go well. He stated he was taking anger management classes; however,
he had yet to enroll in parenting classes and individual therapy. The social worker was
“uncertain why [father] has failed to fully engage in Case Plan services to obtain custody
of [Z.M.-R] prior to this time.”
       In an addendum report, the Bureau withdrew its previous recommendation for
termination of reunification of services in light of mother’s change of heart; as of March
2, 2012, she no longer wished to relinquish her daughter for a guardianship. The Bureau
recommended setting an 18-month review hearing.
       On April 24, 2012 father reported he was currently homeless, but was attending
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anger management counseling sessions
through the Pittsburg Health Department. He had yet to enroll in a parenting class. He
had last visited his daughter on April 5, having been unable to coordinate with the foster
parents for a scheduled visit on April 19.
       The court found that exceptional circumstances and a probability the child would
be returned to the physical custody of a parent warranted extending reunification
services.
E. Eighteen-Month Review
       In a status review report dated July 9, 2012, the Bureau recommended termination
of reunification services to mother and setting a section 366.26 hearing. Z.M.-R., now 26
months old, remained in the her paternal cousin’s home in San Joaquin County.
According to the social worker, she was in good health, and “appear[ed] to be on track
developmentally,” speaking in two to three word sentences and able to understand simple
directions. No mention was made of the referral to the Regional Center for evaluation of
a possible speech delay.

                                             6
       Mother, now involved with a new live-in boyfriend, was experiencing mental and
emotional problems and was on the brink of losing her apartment due to frequent visits
by the police after reports of domestic violence. Father had not been in contact with the
Bureau during this reporting period and his current circumstances were unknown.
However, his probation officer reported a warrant for his arrest had issued on May 23,
2012 for threatening the security officer at his anger management program in Concord.
He was dropped from the program and failed to complete it. The probation officer had
not heard from him since she had informed him that the warrant was about to be issued.
He had failed to comply with court orders; and he had partially complied with his
visitation plan. His participation in general counseling and parenting classes, if any, was
not noted.
       A contested review hearing commenced August 9 and continued on August 22,
September 24, November 8, November 16, November 20, and November 29, 2012.
Father was present on November 20 only.
       At the hearings on November 16 and 20, 2012, the social worker testified she
began to suspect the minor might have a language delay during the summer of 2012
because the minor did not speak much. She thought it should be checked out further.
However, no assessment had been done because the current caretaker in Ceres had
transportation problems. This caretaker was not interested in providing a permanent
placement for the minor. As a result, the minor was going to be moved soon.
       At the conclusion of the hearing on November 20, the court once again found that
exceptional circumstances and a probability the child would be returned to the physical
custody of a parent warranted extending reunification services.
       Services for father were not addressed. However, at a hearing held on November
29, 2012, the court terminated services to father.

                                             7
F. Twenty-Four Month Review
       In a status report dated January 10, 2013, the Bureau again recommended
termination of mother’s reunification services and the setting of a section 366.26 hearing.
Mother had been expelled from her residence due to ongoing police involvement
precipitated by mother’s violent behavior. She had ceased to engage in her case plan
activities.
       On December 10, 2012, the minor had been placed in a licensed foster home in
San Joaquin County, where she was thriving. The foster parents were willing to adopt
the minor if mother was unable to reunify with her.
       A contested 24-month review hearing was held on February 6 and 8, 2013. The
court terminated mother’s reunification services and scheduled a section 366.26 hearing
for June 2012. The court also ordered the Bureau to assess the minor for speech and
developmental cognitive services.
        Father appeared at the hearing on February 6, testified, and presented
documentary evidence showing he had completed 19 sessions of STAND’s domestic
violence treatment program since re-enrolling in the program on November 21, 2012.
According to STAND’s facilitator, he appeared to be benefitting from the program.
Father also reported to STAND that he had completed 20 group sessions with Dr. Frank.
G. Request to Change Court Orders (§ 388)
       On May 23, 2013, six months after his parental rights were terminated, father’s
counsel filed a written request to reinstate father’s reunification services, vacate the
section 366.26 hearing, and order the minor placed with her paternal grandmother, Ms. R.
Attached to the request was documentation from STAND showing that father had
completed a 52-week domestic violence program on April 24, 2013. According to
STAND representative Olivia Pacheco, father “has been an active member of the group,
he has been appropriate, open to feedback, interested in learning and has given good

                                              8
feedback to other group members. He appears to be making better life and relationship
decisions. He appears to have benefitted from the program.”
       In support of the motion, counsel explained that after being shot in 2011, father
suffered from PTSD and needed therapeutic intervention. His efforts to participate fully
in services were adversely affected by his condition. As a consequence of the verbal
argument he had with a security guard at one of his classes, his probation was violated
and he spent a month in custody. He was released in September of 2012, but he was
required to reapply for all of his case plan services and medical coverage. As a result, he
was not able to receive medication or therapeutic intervention until January 2013. Since
then, he had been receiving both and his condition had dramatically improved, allowing
him to make great strides despite not having reunification services in place.
       He was in good standing with his probation and had no new incidents of domestic
violence. He had been in a stable relationship with his girlfriend for 18 months. The
verbal argument with the security guard was his only criminal incident and that had
occurred a year earlier.
       In addition to successfully completing 52 weeks of an anger management
program, father was on track to receive a certificate for completing a parenting course the
following week. He consistently visited with his daughter. Father did not have a
permanent residence but, as of October 2012, he had sought placement at various
homeless shelters, which were full. He had vouchers that allowed him to stay at hotels
pending space availability at shelters. He had applied for supplemental security income
(SSI) and had a hearing scheduled for September 3, 2013. With SSI benefits, he would
be able to obtain housing and financial assistance. He was not living at his mother’s
home, which had been the sole basis for rejection of his mother as a relative placement
for his daughter.
       In addition, counsel alleged the minor was not safe in her new placement. She had
been brought to visits on more than one occasion “filthy and with sores on her body.”

                                             9
       According to counsel, Z.M.-R. was not as bonded to her current caretakers as she
was to father and paternal grandmother and placement with paternal grandmother while
father “continue[d] to make strides” would be in her long-term best interest.
H. Combined Section 388 and 366.26 Hearing
       The hearing on father’s motion to modify orders based on a change of
circumstances was held on June 10, 2013. Father testified he believed he was in a
different position that day as compared to the day his services were terminated in that he
was “just more calm . . . I know what my future is going to be. And I’ve completed anger
management class. I’ve been doing my parenting class. I’ve been in compliance with
my probation officer. I see her every week. I visit [Z.M.-R.] every chance I get. . . . [¶]
. . . [I’m] trying to receive SSI now. Probably going to be getting it in September. So I
feel like my life is definitely headed towards the right direction.” In his anger
management class he “learned tools on how to deal with stressful situations and . . . how
to deal with people trying to push my buttons and . . . relax myself and count to ten. . . . I
learned a lot of good stuff that’s s definitely helped me today in my everyday life.” For
example, he had learned to ignore it and focus on the big picture rather than the short
term when people push his buttons. He was still taking parenting classes, but he had
already learned that kids are not responsible for their behaviors, and you had to be patient
and work with them as a loving, caring person.
       Father explained that he had been diagnosed with PTSD in June 2011 when he
was 30 years old. He had been seeing a therapist regularly for a year, except for a month-
long incarceration in September 2012. Father felt he had made “small progress” in
addressing his PTSD and was taking Wellbutrin for it. He believed his PTSD had
negatively affected his ability to complete his reunification services.
       Prior to his diagnosis, he did not know what was wrong with him. He felt suicidal,
depressed, frustrated, abused, oppressed, neglected, and “just everything negative.” He
had felt those symptoms all his life. He had been physically abused by his own father

                                              10
starting at the age of five, and had been suicidal, depressed, and afraid of his father until
the age of 15. At age 15, he was incarcerated at the California Youth Authority, where
“they kind of gave me some education” and “I really started getting my life back
together.” His mother tried to get help, but in those days the police viewed domestic
violence differently: “[T]he police would come and nobody was bleeding, nobody was
cut, they leave. Just argument and stuff wasn’t enough.” His mother did put him in
counseling when he was young, and they went to family counseling for a month when he
was 13.
       These negative feelings had prevented him from being employed in the past. He
still experienced these feelings, but to a lesser extent. If he did not get SSI, his second
alternative was to find work through the plastering union. However, his injury from
getting shot in the leg in 2011 prevented him from standing up for more than an hour.
The injury plus post-traumatic stress kept him from being employed now, but he
understood he would have to do something. What had changed for him was that he was
more stable now, knew where he was headed in life, knew he wanted to have Z.M.-R. in
his life, did not get into trouble, and was staying away from people who got into trouble.
With the exception of the argument with the security guard, father had not had any police
contact since January 2011 in connection with Z.M.-R.’s mother.4
       He visited regularly with his daughter and the visits went well. She called him
“Daddy”. Currently he was visiting her in Stockton. Previously, he had visited
consistently when she was in Ceres. All of his visits were supervised.

4
  Father explained he was incarcerated for a probation violation after he “got into a
verbal altercation with a security guard at my anger management class.” Father arrived
an hour early for the class with his fiancé, and the security guard accused him of having
sex with her in his truck during that time. The argument did not get physical, nor did he
raise his voice; but the security guard called the police. Father thought it would be best
for him to leave before the police arrived, and he did so. His probation was violated
because it was considered a police contact, even though he was not there when the police
arrived.

                                              11
       Father believed his daughter was being physically abused and neglected in the
foster home. He had heard the foster mother was getting $2,000 a month to care for his
daughter; he believed the foster mother was just taking care of his daughter for the
money.
       Father believed it would be in his daughter’s best interest that he be given more
time to reunify because “she wouldn’t have to worry about being dirty all the time, and
she wouldn’t have to worry about somebody just pushing her off because they want a
paycheck. I’m willing to take [Z.M.-R.] for free.”
       However, he did not presently have housing. He stayed in a number of places
with friends in Oakland and Pittsburg. Because he was homeless, he also received shelter
vouchers when there was no room for him in the shelter. Each voucher was worth $50
for a hotel room. Since that was not enough money to rent a room for a week, he usually
paid the voucher to one of his friends to let him stay there for a few nights. He was
homeless because he did not have any income to pay rent, and he could not stay with his
mother because she did not want him staying with her, and he did not have any other
friends or relatives who would let him live with them all the time. He could not stay with
his fiancé because she already had her 17-year-old daughter, her sister, her mother, and a
niece living with her. He felt that things would change when he went to court September
3 for his SSI hearing. With that income he would be able to get an apartment.
       Father was not asking for immediate placement of his daughter with him, but it
was his intention to eventually have her placed with him once his housing was in place.
He wanted his daughter placed with his mother temporarily until he was able to take care
of her himself. However, that morning his mother had told him her apartment was
flooded.
       Father cared for Z.M.-R. the first month after she was born, but she never lived
with him in a house. She has always been cared for by others. He has been homeless the
whole time she has been a dependent.

                                            12
I. The Court’s Ruling
       Based on the testimony and the evidence, the court found that more than
reasonable efforts had been made to evaluate the paternal grandmother’s home for
placement, but she had “not at all been a willing participant in home assessment to see
whether or not she would be an appropriate placement for the child.” Accordingly, the
court denied father’s request to place Z.M.-R. in her home. That ruling has not been
challenged on appeal.
       As for father’s section 388 motion, the court acknowledged that father had made
some progress and agreed “it’s a changing circumstance situation.” The court also
acknowledged father had participated in a 52-week batterer’s course. But the court found
the dispute with the security guard noteworthy and father’s explanation for his probation
violation not “at all” reasonable.
       The court continued: “I don’t think the Court can lose sight of the circumstances
that brought this case to the Court’s attention. This is a case involving very significant
issues of domestic violence, very serious injuries and allegations of rape. [¶] So I can’t
make this ruling in a vacuum. I have to look at the case how it presents itself. And this
young girl has essentially been a dependent most of her life. And I believe, quite frankly,
this case has gone on way too long. [¶] I don’t believe it’s in the best interest of this
child to continue services to father at this time. Father remains homeless. He has no
permanent residence. He has no income. He hopes he might have social security by
September, he’s not sure that he will have it. If he doesn’t receive it, then he’s going to
try to get a job through the union. [¶] He was raised himself in a home that had many
issues of abuse . . . . [¶] So given the fact that this is simply changing circumstances, Dad
doesn’t have a home, he’s never had anything other than supervised visits, the child has
never lived with Father since she’s been cognizant of her surroundings, I don’t find that it
would be at all appropriate to grant the 388 motion. [¶] I do not think it’s in the minor’s
best interest to grant that motion and offer further services to Father at this time. [¶]

                                              13
Rather, I think it’s in the child’s best interest to proceed on a permanent placement plan
given what is presented to this Court. So the father’s motion is denied. [¶] I find that he
has failed to meet the burden of proof as it relates to that motion.”
       The court also found by clear and convincing evidence that Z.M.-R. was likely to
be adopted and ordered both father’s and mother’s parental rights terminated. Father
timely appeals from both orders.
                                    III. DISCUSSION
       Under section 388, a parent may petition to modify a previously issued court order
in a dependency proceeding on the basis of changed circumstances or new evidence.
However, “[n]ot every change in circumstance can justify modification of a prior order.
The change in circumstances must relate to the purpose of the order and be such that the
modification of the prior order is appropriate. [Citation.]” (In re S.R. (2009) 173
Cal. App. 4th 864, 870, citing In re Daijah T. (2000) 83 Cal. App. 4th 666, 674 [changes in
parental circumstances that make reunification desirable may justify modification of an
order terminating services].)
       We review a juvenile court’s order granting or denying a section 388 petition for
abuse of discretion. (In re A.A.(2012) 203 Cal. App. 4th 597, 612; In re A.S. (2009) 180
Cal. App. 4th 351, 358.) We may not substitute our own judgment for that of the juvenile
court; reversal is warranted only when the juvenile court “exceeded the limits of legal
discretion by making an arbitrary, capricious or patently absurd determination.
[Citation.]” (In re A.S., supra, 180 Cal.App.4th at p. 358.) “The denial of a section 388
motion rarely merits reversal as an abuse of discretion. [Citation.]” (In re Amber M.
(2002) 103 Cal. App. 4th 681, 685-686.)
       Here, the minor was under the age of three at the time of removal. Ordinarily,
when a child under the age of three years old is removed from parental custody,
reunification services are not to exceed a six-month period. (§§ 361.5, subd. (a)(1)(B),
366.21, subd. (e); see Daria D. v. Superior Court (1998) 61 Cal. App. 4th 606, 611-612.)

                                             14
In this case, father received 18 months of reunification services; mother received 24
months. It is not an abuse of discretion to deny a section 388 petition that “alleges
merely changing circumstances and would mean delaying the selection of a permanent
home for a child to see if a parent . . . might be able to reunify at some future point,”
because granting such a petition “does not promote stability for the child or the child’s
best interests. [Citation.] ‘ “[C]hildhood does not wait for the parent to become
adequate.” ’ [Citation.]” (In re Casey D. (1999) 70 Cal. App. 4th 38, 47.) Where, as here, a
section 388 petition is filed “on the eve of the section 366.26 permanency planning
hearing[,] the child[ ]’s interest in stability [is] the court’s foremost concern and
outweigh[s] any interest in reunification. [Citation.]” (In re Edward H. (1996) 43
Cal. App. 4th 584, 594.)
       “In evaluating whether the petitioner has met his or her burden to show changed
circumstances, the trial court should consider (1) the seriousness of the problem which
led to the dependency, and the reason for any continuation of that problem; (2) the
strength of relative bonds between the dependent children to both parent and caretakers;
and (3) the degree to which the problem may be easily removed or ameliorated, and the
degree to which it actually has been. [Citation.]” (In re A.A., supra, 203 Cal.App.4th at p.
612, citing In re Kimberly F. (1997) 56 Cal. App. 4th 519, 532 (Kimberly F.).) The parent
must also demonstrate that the requested modification would be in the best interests of
the dependent child. The party seeking the modification bears the burden to prove both of
those requirements by a preponderance of the evidence. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule
5.570(h)(1)(C); see also In re B.D. (2008) 159 Cal. App. 4th 1218, 1228; In re Michael B.
(1992) 8 Cal. App. 4th 1698, 1703.)
       Relying on the factors identified in Kimberly F., father argues the court abused its
discretion in this case because he had resolved the sole issue that led to the dependency –
namely, domestic violence – by completing a 52-week domestic violence/anger
management course with positive comments from program staff, by refraining from

                                              15
engaging in domestic violence for two and a half years, and by avoiding contact with
mother. He also argues he has “taken extraordinary steps” to treat his mental health and
criminal justice problems by getting counseling and medication on his own and by being
in compliance with his probation for nine months.
       Father takes issue with the court’s finding that his completion of a 52-week
batterer’s program did not resolve the domestic violence issues which precipitated the
dependency. The court acknowledged that father had “participated in,” and not merely
attended, the program. The final progress report after completion of the program rated as
“good” (but not “excellent”) father’s acceptance of responsibility for past and present
abusive behavior, behavior showing commitment to constructive personal change,
appropriate participation in group sessions showing respect for facilitators, group
members, probation officers, social workers, police, and the superior court, constructive
change in beliefs, and developing strategies to prevent reoccurrence of violent and
abusive behavior. However, father’s awareness of using abusive behavior in the past and
present, and his empathy for the victims of his past and present abusive behavior was
merely “adequate,” while his awareness of the effects of violence on children and others
was somewhere on the continuum between “adequate” and “good.” Taken together with
the court’s rejection of father’s explanation of his run-in with the security guard (which
occurred after 31 of the 52 sessions), and its skepticism about the true reason father’s
probation was violated, this evidence supports a conclusion that father had yet to fully
come to terms with his violent behavior. The record supports the court’s view that
father’s understanding of his past abusive behavior and its effect on family was evolving,
but incomplete.
       Father also charges that the court’s decisionmaking was tainted by its
consideration of the unproven allegations of rape made by mother to police and hospital
personnel at the beginning of the dependency. We disagree. In our view, the court’s
mention of the rape allegations does not indicate the court accepted the allegations at face

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value, but rather that the court took them – along with the seriousness of mother’s injuries
– as indicative of the fact that “[t]his is a case involving very significant issues of
domestic violence.” Given the intensity of the domestic violence involved here, we
cannot say it was an abuse of discretion for the court to conclude that father’s progress in
ameliorating the cause of the dependency, while commendable, was not sufficient.
       Father also argues that his daughter’s bond to him was greater than the bond to his
caretakers. It is true father had visited his daughter consistently when he was not
incarcerated, and that she had been in the concurrent foster home for six months.
However, so far as this record shows, father never visited more frequently than twice a
month, and all of his visits were supervised. Z.M.-R. had never lived in his home and,
insofar as father remained homeless, it was not reasonably likely that Z.M.-R. would be
able to live with him in the foreseeable future. While there undoubtedly was a bond
between father and daughter, we cannot say the juvenile court abused its discretion in
concluding that the parent-child bond should not interfere with this three-year-old child’s
chance for a permanent adoptive home.
       Finally, citing In re G.S.R. (2008) 159 Cal. App. 4th 1202, father argues that his
indigence is not a valid basis for concluding he could not regain custody of his daughter.
However, In re G.S.R., supra, is distinguishable. In that case, father was the non-
offending noncustodial parent, and the court’s sole basis for asserting juvenile court
jurisdiction was his failure to find suitable housing due to his poverty. That is not the
case here.
       Furthermore, from the inception of this dependency in 2010, father’s case plan
called for him to maintain a stable living situation. He has not done so since the six
month review hearing in September 2011. He still was far from being able to do so,
although he had developed some contingency plans for securing enough income to allow
him to rent an apartment. In the meantime, the minor had been placed in at least three
foster homes in three years. The court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that,

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given Z.M.-R.’s urgent need for a permanent plan, father’s contingency plans were too
little, too late.
        We recognize father has made significant strides toward overcoming the issues
that led to Z.M.-R.’s removal, and that his efforts are all the more commendable because
he undertook them on his own initiative and without the benefit of reunification services.
However, given the history of this protracted dependency, we conclude the juvenile court
did not abuse its discretion in finding that father’s circumstances were changing, rather
than changed, and that his efforts did not outweigh the minor’s need for stability and
permanency.
                                   IV. DISPOSITION
        The juvenile court’s orders denying the section 388 motion and terminating
parental rights are affirmed.

                                                 _________________________
                                                 Dondero, J.

We concur:

_________________________
Humes, P.J.

_________________________
Banke, J.

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