Court Opinion

ID: 4328066
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-05 21:00:28.124064+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:47:41.579956
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                           NOV 05 2018
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ROBERT E. LEVY,                                  No.   17-16062

              Plaintiff-Appellant,               DC No. CV 13-2643 RHW

 v.

COUNTY OF ALPINE; TOM                            MEMORANDUM*
SWEENEY, Supervisor, Board of
Supervisors, County of Alpine; PAMELA
KNORR, Director of Personel/HR, County
of Alpine,

              Defendants-Appellees.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of California
                    Robert H. Whaley, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted October 11, 2018
                            San Francisco, California

Before:      TASHIMA and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges, and CHATIGNY,**
             District Judge.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
              The Honorable Robert N. Chatigny, United States District Judge for
the District of Connecticut, sitting by designation.
      Plaintiff-Appellant Robert Levy filed a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging that

Alpine County violated his First Amendment rights as well as California’s Fair

Employment and Housing Act (“FEHA”). In 2012, on the recommendation of

County Administrative Officer (“CAO”) Pamela Knorr, the Alpine County Board

of Supervisors authorized an independent investigation by an outside law firm into

a telecommunications infrastructure project that Levy worked on when he was

Alpine County Undersheriff. The law firm’s report showed major financial

problems with the project, and the report was published on the County’s website.

Levy argues that the report’s publication irreparably damaged his reputation within

the County, ruining his plan to run for Alpine County Sheriff in 2013. He argues

that the district court erred by granting judgment as a matter of law under Fed. R.

Civ. P. 50, on his § 1983 claim at the close of plaintiff’s case, and by earlier

granting partial summary judgment on his state law claims for age discrimination,

retaliation, and failure to prevent discrimination and retaliation. We affirm.

      1.     Levy contends that CAO Knorr was a final policymaker for Alpine

County. Under the “policymaker” theory of liability of 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a First

Amendment retaliation claim requires an adverse employment action made by a

final policymaker. Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati, 475 U.S. 469, 483 (1986).

Here, Knorr’s position was created by the Alpine County Board of Supervisors,

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which is the final policymaker under state law. See Cal. Gov. Code § 25000. The

Board did not delegate any of its policymaking power to the CAO. The Alpine

County Ordinance that created the position clearly stated that the CAO’s role was

to advise, investigate, and recommend courses of action, not to make those final

decisions herself, and that the position was “under the direction and control of the

board of supervisors.” County of Alpine, Cal., Ordinance No. 677-07 (Aug. 21,

2007). Further, there is no record evidence that Knorr was a final policymaker by

some unwritten authority, policy or custom. See City of St. Louis v. Praprotnik,

485 U.S. 112, 127 (1988). Therefore, Knorr was not a final policymaker under

state law and the district court did not err by granting judgment as a matter of law

against Levy on his § 1983 claim.

      2.     Under California law, an adverse employment action in violation of

FEHA is one that materially affects the terms and conditions of employment.

Yanowitz v. L’Oreal USA, Inc., 116 P.3d 1123, 1126, 1136 (Cal. 2005). Levy

suffered no demotion, no loss of pay, no negative performance evaluation, no

major change in job duties, and he was temporarily relieved of one additional job

duty for which he was not compensated and did not even want in the first place.

There was no evidence of an adverse employment action that materially affected

the terms and conditions of Levy’s employment. Therefore, the district court did

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not err in granting partial summary judgment on Levy’s state law claims for age

discrimination, retaliation, and failure to prevent discrimination and retaliation.1

                                      •   !    •

      The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

      1
            The partial summary judgment was granted by Judge Kimberly J.
Mueller before the case was transferred to Judge Whaley for trial.
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