Court Opinion

ID: 4694703
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-06-11 14:14:44.917373+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:05:31.072350
License: Public Domain

06/11/2021
        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT KNOXVILLE
                            Assigned on Briefs May 26, 2021

                KRISTIN M. MYERS v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                 Appeal from the Criminal Court for Loudon County
                    No. 2010-CR-60 Jeffery Hill Wicks, Judge
                     ___________________________________

                             No. E2020-01401-CCA-R3-PC
                        ___________________________________

The petitioner, Kristin M. Myers, appeals the denial of her post-conviction petition, arguing
the post-conviction court erred in finding she received the effective assistance of counsel
at trial. After our review of the record, briefs, and applicable law, we affirm the denial of
the petition.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

J. ROSS DYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER.
and CAMILLE R. MCMULLEN, JJ., joined.

Gerald L. Gulley, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Kristin M. Myers.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; David H. Findley, Senior Assistant
Attorney General; Russell Johnson, District Attorney General; and Robert C. Edwards,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                         OPINION

                               Facts and Procedural History

       The defendant was indicted for the first-degree murder of her husband, Larry Myers.
State v. Kristin M. Myers, No. E2012-00494-CCA-R3-CD, 2013 WL 1094981, at *1-5
(Tenn. Crim. App. Mar. 18, 2013), perm. app. denied (Tenn. July 10, 2013). Though the
defendant, when questioned by police, confessed to fighting with the victim and firing at
him, she claimed she did so in order to protect herself. Id. at *2. Specifically, the defendant
told the investigating officers that
              I heade[d] back to my truck to leave. As I got in, I saw him
              coming down the steps so I slammed the door and locked it.
              He rared [sic] back with his fist like he was going to try to break
              the window. So I rolled the window down about [three to four]
              inches and told him he better not bust my window. He started
              to reach in the window. I had my gun in the console, so I was
              leaning over to get away from him, I opened the console and
              got the gun and reached, well, kind of, stuck it out the window
              and he turned away and I pulled the trigger. I saw him kneel
              down as I pulled out of the driveway.

Id. When asked why she did not call the police, the defendant told officers that she was
unsure if the victim was actually injured and that she believed the defendant had already
called the police prior to being shot. Id. at *3.

       The victim’s cause of death was “an undetermined range, perforating gunshot
wound of the chest.” Id. at *4. The victim did not die immediately; rather, he bled to
death, lingering for approximately twenty minutes after he was shot. Id. According to the
medical examiner,

       if the victim had received medical treatment during that twenty-minute
       period, he likely could have survived. Although alcohol was present in the
       victim’s blood, the medical examiner, based on the difference in victim’s
       “blood alcohol and vitreous alcohol levels[,]” believed that the victim “was
       on the way down the curve at” the time of the shooting, meaning that he had
       stopped drinking prior to the shooting.

Id.

      At the conclusion of her trial, the jury found the defendant guilty of first-degree
murder, and the trial court sentenced her to life imprisonment. Id. at *5.

       Following the denial of her direct appeal, the petitioner filed a timely pro se petition
for post-conviction relief. After the appointment of counsel, the petitioner filed an
amended petition for post-conviction relief, arguing, in part, trial counsel was ineffective
in advising the petitioner not to accept a plea offer of twenty years at 85%. An evidentiary
hearing was held on July 24, 2020, during which the petitioner and trial counsel testified.
Although the petitioner asserted numerous claims in her petition and amended petition, we
will summarize only the evidentiary hearing testimony relevant to her claim on appeal.

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        The petitioner testified trial counsel was appointed to represent her following her
arrest. The petitioner and trial counsel met “maybe ten times,” where they discussed
“mostly the lack of evidence” in her case. Prior to trial, the petitioner was presented with
three plea offers. The State first offered twenty years at 100%. However, because trial
counsel indicated that subsequent offers would be more favorable, the petitioner rejected
the initial offer. A few days prior to trial, trial counsel called and informed the petitioner
that the State had extended an offer of fifteen years at 65%. An associate from trial
counsel’s firm met with the petitioner at the jail and wrote the terms of the plea offer on a
piece of paper, which the petitioner signed. After the petitioner accepted the offer, trial
counsel notified her that the victim’s family had rejected the offer because they “wanted to
see [the petitioner] do at least twenty years.” Following the withdrawal of the second offer,
trial counsel began “talking about [] twenty years at 85 percent.” Trial counsel told the
petitioner that “even if they convicted [her] of second-degree murder, they couldn’t give
[her] any more time than [twenty years].” Because trial counsel misled the petitioner as to
what her potential punishment would be, she rejected the third plea offer and proceeded to
trial. However, the petitioner testified, if she thought there was a realistic chance that she
would be convicted of first-degree murder, she would have accepted the third offer.

       Trial counsel testified he was appointed to represent the petitioner on her first-
degree murder charge. At their initial meeting, trial counsel and the petitioner discussed
the nature of the petitioner’s charges and potential sentencing ranges. Because the
petitioner disclosed that she and the victim had an abusive relationship, trial counsel
requested funds to hire a private investigator to look deeper into the marriage. Trial counsel
ultimately developed a defense strategy which aimed to show the victim’s death resulted
from “a culmination of a series of bad encounters between a husband and wife rather than
a planned, premeditated act on the part of [the petitioner].” It was imperative that trial
counsel dispel the notion that the petitioner planned the murder because trial counsel knew
the State was in possession of incriminating text messages between the petitioner and
victim on the night of the murder.

       Regarding plea negotiations, the State first extended an offer of twenty years at
100%. Trial counsel did not advise the petitioner whether or not to accept the offer but
told her to think about it. The petitioner ultimately decided that a twenty-year sentence
was akin to a life sentence, and she informed trial counsel that she did not want to accept
the offer. Closer to trial, when trial counsel was out of town, he received a phone call from
the prosecutor, who extended an offer of fifteen years at 65%. Trial counsel asked an
associate to meet with the petitioner and convey the offer. He also asked the associate to
give the petitioner a written message in which he “encouraged [the petitioner] to strongly
consider taking [the] offer.” Although the petitioner accepted the offer, “almost
simultaneously,” the offer was withdrawn because the victim’s family was “dead-set

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against” it. At the evidentiary hearing, trial counsel could not recall the State extending a
third plea offer of twenty years at 85%.

       At the conclusion of the hearing, post-conviction counsel argued the withdrawn plea
offer was subject to contract law, and because there was an offer, an acceptance, and
consideration, a valid contract existed. Post-conviction counsel then requested that the
post-conviction court “amend the pleadings to conform to the proof and ask[ed] that [the
petitioner] be allowed . . . to be sentenced to [fifteen years at 65%].”

       After its review of the evidence presented, the post-conviction court denied relief.
On October 14, 2020, this Court granted the petitioner’s motion to late-file her notice of
appeal.

                                           Analysis

        On appeal, the petitioner asserts trial counsel was ineffective for failing to “protect”
the plea offer of fifteen years at 65%. Specifically, the petitioner argues trial counsel failed
to file a motion to enforce the agreement following the State’s revocation. Essentially,
because the offer was governed by contract law, the petitioner insists the State was
obligated to honor it, regardless of the wishes of the victim’s family. Although the
petitioner asserts this issue was properly raised below, if found to be waived, she requests
analysis under a plain error standard of review. The State contends the petitioner has
waived this issue, and even if the issue were not waived, the petitioner is not entitled to
relief.

       Initially, we must address the State’s contention that the petitioner has waived the
issue presented on appeal for failing to include it in her petition for post-conviction relief
and for failing to raise it on direct appeal. While the petitioner challenged other aspects of
the plea negotiation process, she failed to challenge trial counsel’s failure to file a motion
to enforce the second plea offer in either her original or amended petitions for post-
conviction relief. Although post-conviction counsel discussed the plea offer in relation to
contract law during the evidentiary hearing, it was not in the context of ineffective
assistance of counsel, rather the petitioner raised it as a stand-alone claim under the theory
that contract law applied. Issues not raised in the post-conviction petition cannot be raised
for the first time on appeal. Cauthern v. State, 145 S.W.3d 571, 599 (Tenn. Crim. App.
2004) (“[A]n issue raised for the first time on appeal is waived.”). This issue is waived.

       Moreover, the petitioner’s challenge to the withdrawn plea offer based on contract
law principles, as argued at the evidentiary hearing, could have been raised on direct
appeal. Under Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-106:

                                             -4-
       (g) A ground for relief is waived if the petitioner personally or through an
       attorney failed to present it for determination in any proceeding before a court
       of competent jurisdiction in which the ground could have been presented
       unless:

       (1) The claim for relief is based upon a constitutional right not recognized as
       existing at the time of trial if either the federal or state constitution requires
       retroactive application of that right; or

       (2) The failure to present the ground was the result of state action in violation
       of the federal or state constitution.

“[T]he petitioner is bound by the action or inaction of his attorney.” House, 911 S.W.2d
at 706. In its order denying post-conviction relief, the post-conviction court found

       this issue could have been raised at the trial level and on the petitioner’s direct
       appeal. However, the petitioner failed to do so and she offered no
       explanation as to why this issue was not previously raised. Therefore, this
       court finds that this issue has been waived and therefore, denied. Further,
       the court finds that the issue is not an appropriate ground for relief under the
       Post-Conviction Procedure Act.

Because the petitioner could have presented this issue as a stand-alone claim for our review
on direct appeal but chose not to, it is waived.

        Despite the petitioner’s waiver of her claim, she asks this Court to review the issue
under plain error. As a general rule, plain error review is available on appeal for a claim
that is otherwise waived, see Tenn. R. App. P. 36(b), our supreme court concluded that a
claim waived pursuant to the Post-Conviction Procedures Act precluded plain error review.
State v. West, 19 S.W.3d 753, 756-57 (Tenn. 2000) (analyzing the issue under the repealed
Act, but stating, “Our holding here, . . . though applying to [the repealed] Act, applies
equally to proceedings brought under the Post-Conviction Procedure Act currently in
force.”). The Code’s limitation of post-conviction relief to “claims for relief [that] have
not been waived or previously determined,” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-106(f), shields
issues raised for the first time on appeal from plain error review, see West, 19 S.W.3d at
756. Although West analyzed the application of the plain error doctrine in post-conviction
proceedings under the former Post-Conviction Procedure Act, repealed in 1995, this Court
has applied the ruling in West to cases brought under the current Act. See Alfio Orlando
Lewis v. State, No. M2004-01282-CCA-R3-PC, 2005 WL 639138, at *5 (Tenn. Crim.
App. Mar. 16, 2005) (“The plain error doctrine has no application in post-conviction relief

                                              -5-
proceedings.”). Therefore, plain error review is unavailable to the petitioner in the present
appeal. See West, 19 S.W.3d at 756-57.

                                        Conclusion

      Based upon the foregoing authorities and reasoning, the judgment of the post-
conviction court is affirmed.

                                              ____________________________________
                                             J. ROSS DYER, JUDGE

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