Court Opinion

ID: 4277118
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-05-21 20:00:25.92563+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:34:05.631779
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                            FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        MAY 21 2018
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No.    15-10459

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                2:14-cr-00269-GEB-1
 v.

BRENT DOUGLAS COLE,                             MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant-Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of California
                  Garland E. Burrell, Jr., District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 15, 2018**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judge, and ZILLY,***
District Judge.

      Appellant Brent Douglas Cole appeals his jury conviction for one count of

assaulting a federal officer in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 111(a) and 111(b), one

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Thomas S. Zilly, United States District Judge for the
Western District of Washington, sitting by designation.
count of assaulting a person assisting a federal officer in violation of 18 U.S.C.

§§ 111(a) and 111(b), and one count of discharging a firearm during and in relation

to a crime of violence in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c)(1)(A) and

924(c)(1)(A)(iii). Cole argues on appeal that his indictment is invalid because the

government interfered with the independent structure of the grand jury. Cole also

asserts that the district court denied his right of allocution and requests that this

case be remanded for a new sentencing hearing. Cole further argues that his two

assault convictions under 18 U.S.C. §§ 111(a) and 111(b) are not “crimes of

violence” for purposes of sustaining his firearm conviction.

      We conclude that any error in the grand jury proceedings here was rendered

harmless when the petit jury convicted Cole on all three counts. United States v.

Navarro, 608 F.3d 529, 538–40 (9th Cir. 2010). Cole has not otherwise

established that the grand jury’s structural protections in this case were

compromised.

      We also review for harmless error a district court’s failure to give the right

of allocution at sentencing. United States v. Mack, 200 F.3d 653, 657 (9th Cir.

2000). The district court afforded Cole his right of allocution on multiple

occasions during sentencing and properly limited Cole’s discussion to issues

pertaining to mitigation. Id. at 658.

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      This Court has held that a defendant charged with assault by using a deadly

or dangerous weapon in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 111(b) must necessarily threaten

the use of force. United States v. Juvenile Female, 566 F.3d 943, 947–48 (2009).

As such, a § 111(b) weapons charge is categorically a “crime of violence.” Id.

Cole’s convictions on Counts One and Two necessarily threaten the use of force

and are therefore categorically “crimes of violence.” The jury’s determination that

Cole committed a “crime of violence” was not an error.

      AFFIRMED.

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