Court Opinion

ID: 3006922
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-02 21:02:11.500445+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:19:01.023101
License: Public Domain

Filed 10/2/15 In re D.J. CA2/5
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION FIVE

In re D.J., a Person Coming Under the                                B261481
Juvenile Court Law.                                                  (Los Angeles County
                                                                     Super. Ct. No. CK96620)

LOS ANGELES COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND
FAMILY SERVICES,

         Plaintiff and Respondent,

         v.

BRITTANY K.,

         Defendant and Appellant.

         APPEAL from orders of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Stephen C.
Marpet, Commissioner. Affirmed.
         Roni Keller, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
         Mark J. Saladino, County Counsel, Dawyn R. Harrison, Assistant County Counsel,
and Sarah Vesecky, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
       Brittany K. (mother) appeals the juvenile court’s denial, without a hearing, of her
Welfare and Institutions Code1 section 388 petition, by which mother sought to regain
custody of her young son D.J., or alternatively, to reside with him in his caretaker’s home
and develop a plan to transition the child to mother’s care. The juvenile court determined
that mother had failed to make a prima facie showing of changed circumstances, or that
granting the petition would promote D.J.’s best interests. We concur in that assessment,
and so affirm the order.

                  FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
       Mother gave birth to D.J. in July 2012, when she herself was a dependent of the
juvenile court. D.J.’s father, Derick J. (father), had also been a dependent of the court as
a child.
       At three months of age, D.J. suffered severe and disabling injuries as the result of
physical abuse while in his parents’ care. The factual circumstances of the dependency
action up until the time of the disposition hearing may be found in this court’s
unpublished opinion. (DCFS v. B.K. (Sept. 2, 2014, B251615) [nonpub. opin.].) In
summary, three-month old D.J. was diagnosed with acute and chronic subdural
hemorrhages with extra-axial hemorrhages over the cerebral hemispheres, extensive
bilateral retinal hemorrhages resulting in an altered level of consciousness, traumatic
brain injury, acute respiratory failure, traumatic cerebral edema and subdural hematoma.
He was found to have fractures to his left posterior seventh and eighth ribs and fractures
of the lateral fourth, fifth and sixth ribs with adjacent pleural thickening; bruising to his
lungs; and bleeding to his spine. The injuries were in different stages of healing. The
parents had no explanation for how D.J. sustained the injuries, which were consistent
with inflicted trauma and were of such a nature that would ordinarily not be sustained

1
       Further statutory references are to this code.
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except as the result of deliberate unreasonable neglectful acts of the mother and father
who had care, custody and control of the minor.
       D.J. was declared a dependent of the juvenile court in May 2013, when he was
nine months old. At the jurisdiction hearing, the court sustained the petition under
section 300, subdivisions (a), (b) and (e), finding that “[t]he deliberate unreasonable
neglectful acts of the parents endangers the child’s physical health and safety and places
the child at risk of physical harm, damage, danger, and death;” with respect to the
subdivision (e) allegation, the court found that the parents knew or reasonably should
have known that D.J. was being physically abused and failed to take action to protect
him. The court dismissed an allegation under subdivision (b) that the parents had failed
to obtain timely medical care for the child. At disposition, the court ordered
reunifications services for mother and father. Upon his release from the hospital, D.J.
was placed in the care of his maternal great-aunt, Tanya G.
       On June 3, 2014, the juvenile court ordered that, subject to Tanya G.’s agreement,
mother could have overnight visits in the caretaker’s home. All other visits were to be
monitored.
       On August 13, 2014, this court reversed the dismissal of the count regarding the
parents’ failure to obtain medical care, as well as the juvenile court’s order that
reunification services be provided to the parents.
       Between the time of the disposition hearing and the juvenile court’s denial of
mother’s section 388 petition, the Department reported on the status of the case, as
follows: D.J. continued in his placement in the home of his maternal great-aunt Tanya G.
Parents had monitored visits with the child, during which they held him and talked with
him. Mother received “Wraparound” services, including individual counseling,
psychiatric services and anger management treatment.
       In August 2013, mother engaged in a physical altercation with her sister in
Tanya G.’s home. Father then came to the home with additional unknown males and

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engaged in a physical altercation with mother’s brother-in-law while D.J. and other
children were present in the home. Parents took no responsibility for their actions.
       On September 10, 2014, the Department filed a section 300 petition regarding the
minor’s newborn sibling. Father was deemed the presumed father of the sibling, who
was temporarily detained by the juvenile court.
       On November 10, 2014, mother filed a section 388 petition asking that D.J. be
placed with her and that DCFS provide her with family maintenance services or, in the
alternative, that mother be allowed to move in with Tanya G. and that the court order the
Department to develop a plan to transition D.J. to mother’s care. In her section 388
petition, mother alleged that she visited D.J. on a consistent basis, including frequent
visits of two or more hours as well as overnight visits in the home of Tanya G.; she
completed a standard parenting class and a 26-hour class for parents of children with
special needs; she completed training covering CPR, use of the g-tube for feeding, and
other medical issues; she assumed a parental role in caring for D.J. by, among other
things, attending his doctor’s appointments and feeding, changing, and putting him to
bed. Mother alleged that the bond between herself and her son had strengthened over the
pendency of the action, and asserted that “[i]t is best for children to be with parents, so
long as they are appropriate, and [mother] has demonstrated that she is now an
appropriate parent.”
       On November 14, 2014, the juvenile court summarily denied mother’s section 388
petition without a hearing. Mother timely appealed that order.

                                       DISCUSSION
       A parent may petition the juvenile court for a hearing seeking to change, modify,
or set aside any of the court’s previous orders on the grounds of a “change of
circumstance or new evidence.” (§ 388, subd. (a)(1).) “If it appears that the best interests
of the child . . . may be promoted by the proposed change of order, . . . the court shall
order that a hearing be held and shall give prior notice. . . .” (§ 388, subd. (d).) To

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succeed on a section 388 petition, a parent must establish by “a preponderance of the
evidence that (1) new evidence or changed circumstances exist and (2) the proposed
change would promote the best interests of the child.” (In re Zachary G. (1999) 77
Cal.App.4th 799, 806.)
       As our Supreme Court stated in In re Jasmon O. (1994) 8 Cal.4th 398, 415: “The
petition for modification must contain a ‘concise statement of any change of
circumstance or new evidence that requires changing the [previous] order.’ (Cal. Rules
of Court, rule 1432(a)(6).) The petition must be liberally construed in favor of its
sufficiency. (Id., rule 1432(a); see also In re Marilyn H. (1993) 5 Cal.4th 295, 309.) As
one court has explained, ‘if the petition presents any evidence that a hearing would
promote the best interests of the child, the court will order the hearing.’ (In re Heather P.
(1989) 209 Cal.App.3d 886, 891.)” However, the court has discretion to deny the
petition without a hearing if the petition fails to make a prima facie showing of evidence
which, if accepted as true, would be sufficient to sustain an order granting the petition.
(In re Lesly G. (2008) 162 Cal.App.4th 904, 912.) Additionally, to avoid a summary
denial, it must appear that the best interests of the child may be served by a change in the
order. (Ibid.)
       “When a juvenile court bypasses reunification services due to a finding that a child
suffered ‘severe physical abuse’ (§ 300, subd. (e)), the focus of the dependency
proceedings turns to the child’s need for permanence and stability instead of family
reunification. (In re A.M. [(2013)] 217 Cal.App.4th [1067,] 1074-1075.) Once severe
abuse has been found, a court is ‘prohibited from granting reunification services “unless
it finds that, based on competent testimony, those services are likely to prevent
reabuse . . . or that failure to try reunification will be detrimental to the child because the
child is closely and positively attached to that parent.”’ (In re A.M., supra, 217
Cal.App.4th at pp. 1074-1075, quoting § 361.5, subd. (c).) Stated another way, in the
‘comparatively extreme situation[ ]’ when a child is the victim of severe abuse, the
legislative presumption is that services are not to be provided to the parent. (In re A.M.,

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at p. 1074.) When this presumption applies, the evidentiary burden is heightened at any
hearing to consider a section 388 petition requesting reunification services. In such a
case, a juvenile court may modify an order denying reunification services only if there is
clear and convincing evidence that the services would be in the child’s best interests, and
only if it makes the same findings that would have been required to offer services at the
disposition hearing instead of bypassing services. (§§ 361.5, subd. (b)(5), 388, subd.
(a)(2); rule 5.570(h)(1)(B); In re A.M., at pp. 1075-1077.)” (In re G.B. (2014) 227
Cal.App.4th 1147, 1157-1158.)
       A juvenile court’s summary denial of a section 388 petition is reviewed for an
abuse of discretion. (In re Mary G. (2007) 151 Cal.App.4th 184, 205; In re Brittany K.
(2005) 127 Cal.App.4th 1497, 1505.) “‘The appropriate test for abuse of discretion is
whether the trial court exceeded the bounds of reason. When two or more inferences can
reasonably be deduced from the facts, the reviewing court has no authority to substitute
its decision for that of the trial court.’” (In re Stephanie M. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 295, 319,
quoting Walker v. Superior Court (1991) 53 Cal.3d 257, 272.)
       Mother argues that her section 388 petition alleged evidence to support a change
of circumstance, and that the modified order would serve D.J.’s best interests.
Consequently, she maintains that, pursuant to section 388, subdivision (d), the juvenile
court was required to hold a hearing. We see no abuse of discretion.
       In this case, this court reversed the juvenile court’s order granting mother
reunification services, explaining that the evidence was insufficient to support a finding
that providing reunification services would prevent re-abuse or that the failure to attempt
reunification would be detrimental to the child. We also held that the evidence was
insufficient to support a finding that reunification was in the best interest of the child.
(DCFS v. B.K., supra, B251615, [nonpub. opin.].) The evidence which this court
determined to be insufficient included the following: (1) mother and D.J. appeared to be
bonded; (2) D.J. appeared to recognize mother and cried when she left him; (3) mother
regularly visited the child; (4) those who knew mother were of the opinion that she would

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never do anything to harm D.J.; (5) mother was very protective of the child and was
determined that he not end up institutionalized; (6) mother took steps to become a better
parent, including completing a parenting class; (7) mother performed tasks associated
with the child’s ongoing medical care during her monitored visits; and (8) mother was a
“non-emancipated minor” at the time of the abuse. (DCFS v. B.K., supra, B251615,
[nonpub. opin.].) This is essentially the same evidence mother’s counsel presented in her
section 388 petition. We cannot agree with mother that her continuing visits with D.J.
and her reported participation in some additional training constituted a change in
circumstances which, if proved, would support a modification of the juvenile court’s
order.
         Among the “new information” referenced in the section 388 petition is the
statement that mother “graduated from Wraparound, which included individual
counseling.” However, the petition includes no documentation to support this assertion,
much less evidence to establish that mother had successfully addressed in counseling the
very serious and severe abuse that left her infant son severely and permanently disabled.
Mere conclusory assertions unsupported by evidence are not sufficient to invoke a
petitioner’s right to a hearing. (In re Anthony W. (2001) 87 Cal.App.4th 246, 250-251 [a
mother’s assertions in her section 388 petition were merely conclusory and entirely
unsubstantiated by even a declaration].) The same holds true for the petition’s inclusion
as new information the statements that “mother is no longer in a relationship with the
child’s father,” and that mother maintained “consistent and meaningful visitation,
including overnights in the home of the caretaker.” The former assertion was
unsupported by a declaration, while the latter was contradicted by the visitation log
attached to the petition, which documented the type and length of mother’s visits with
D.J. but included no record of any overnight visits.
         Moreover, even assuming arguendo that mother had documented a change in
circumstance, she failed to establish that granting her section 388 petition would promote
the child’s best interests.

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       As noted above, the juvenile court’s adjudication of the dependency petition based
on a finding of severe physical abuse pursuant to section 300, subdivision (e) “shall
constitute prima facie evidence that the minor cannot be safely left in the physical
custody of the parent or guardian with whom the minor resided at the time of injury.”
(§ 361, subd. (c)(1).) Consequently, mother had a heightened evidentiary burden to
establish that modification of the order would be in the child’s best interests. (In re G.B.,
supra, 227 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1157-1158.) As we explained when reversing the juvenile
court’s order granting the parents reunification services, the evidence, including that D.J.
appeared to be bonded to mother to some extent, mother participated in services, and
mother regularly visited with the child, was not sufficient to establish that reunification
was in the child’s best interest. (DCFS v. B.K., supra, B251615, [nonpub. opin.].)
       In sum, mother’s counsel failed to make a prima facie showing of a change in her
circumstances, or that granting the section 388 petition would promote the child’s best
interests. D.J. had been placed with Tanya G. for approximately 21 months, the majority
of his young life, and all of his special needs were being met. It was clearly in the child’s
best interests to remain in this home.

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                                     DISPOSITION
      The juvenile court’s order is affirmed.

               NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

                                         KIRSCHNER, J.

We concur:

      MOSK, Acting P.J.

      KRIEGLER, J.


        Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to
article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.
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