Court Opinion

ID: 8482087
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-07 17:05:59.709561+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:49:36.506612
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA

                                               COURT OF APPEAL

                                                 FIRST CIRCUIT

                                                  2022 CU 0541

                                                 TRACI SAUCE

                                                     VERSUS

                                                  JAKE BURKE
                         ff

                                                           JUDGMENT RENDERED.     NOV O 7 2022

                                                   Appealed from
                                         The Sixteenth Judicial District Court
                                      Parish of St. Mary • State of Louisiana
                                      Docket Number 129, 933 • Division F

                              The Honorable Anthony J. Saleme, Jr., Presiding Judge

                   Charles Edward Bourg, lI                          COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT
                   Morgan City, Louisiana                            PLAINTIFF— Traci Sauce
                     and

                  Wesley J. Galjour
                  Lafayette, Louisiana

                  Nicole Dufrene Streva                              COUNSEL FOIL APPELLEE

                  Morgan City, Louisiana                             DEFENDANT— Jake Burke

                  BEFORE: WELCH, THERIOT, PENZATO, LANIER, AND HESTER, JJ.

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WELCH, J.

        In this contentious divorce and child custody proceeding, the mother, Traci

Sauce, appeals a judgment,        which,    among other things, denied her petition to

nullify all prior judgments rendered in this matter and continued a temporary

award of sole custody of the child to the father, Jake Burke. As to the petition

seeking nullification of all prior judgments,        we sustain a peremptory exception

raising the objection of no cause of action noticed by this Court on our own motion

and render judgment dismissing Ms.           Sauce' s petition.   Additionally, we dismiss

the remainder of Ms. Sauce' s appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

                                       BACKGROUND

        Ms. Sauce and Mr. Burke were married on August 13, 2016, and during their

marriage, they had one child, K.K.B., who was born on June 18, 2018.            Prior to their

marriage, during their marriage, and during the pendency of the divorce and custody

proceedings, Traci Sauce filed petitions for protection from abuse pursuant to the

provisions of La. R.S. 46: 2131,       et seq. and La. R.S. 46: 2151,   et seq., however, all

three of those petitions were dismissed.      During the marriage, Mr. Burke also filed a

petition for protection from abuse pursuant to the provisions of La. R.S. 46: 2131, et

seq., which was also dismissed. In addition, Mr. Burke filed a petition for protection

from stalking pursuant to the provisions of La. R.S.         46: 2171, et seq.,   which    was

granted for a specific time period, extended several times, and is currently in effect.

        On November 12, 2019, prior to the commencement of divorce proceedings,

Mr. Burke sought and obtained an exparte order of temporary sole custody of the

child under the provisions of La. C. C. P. art. 3945, which was based on allegations

regarding Ms. Sauce' s declining mental health condition and his concerns for the

welfare of the child.   Ms. Sauce responded by filing a petition for divorce, custody,

and support.   Therein, she sought, among other things, to obtain custody of the child

under    the   provisions   of   the    Post -Separation   Family   Violence      Relief   Act

                                               2
  PSFVRA"),      La. R.S. 9: 361, et seq., claiming therein that Mr. Burke had a history

of abuse and domestic violence and that she should be awarded custody of the child.

       Notwithstanding the allegations that each party made against the other, the

parties voluntarily entered into a consent judgment, which was signed by the trial

court on February 5, 2020. The consent judgment provided, among other things, that

the parties would have joint custody of the minor child and that they would share

physical custody of the child on an equal or 50150 basis.

       Shortly after the parties entered into the February 5, 2020 consent judgment,

the parties filed rules for contempt against each other, alleging various violations of

the February 5, 2020 consent judgment by the other.                  Each party also sought

modifications of the custody provisions set forth in the February 5,              2020 consent

judgment. In addition, Mr. Burke requested that a mental health evaluation of Ms.

Sauce be performed.

       A judgment of divorce was signed by the trial court on October 14, 2020.               On

that same date, the parties entered into another consent judgment, which the trial

court signed on October 27, 2020, providing, among other things, that the parties

would be awarded joint custody of the child, that Mr. Burke would be designated as

the child' s domiciliary parent, and that the parties would share physical custody of

the child on an equal or 50150 basis.'

       Two months later, Ms. Sauce filed a rule for contempt and a request for a

change in the domiciliary parent. Mr. Burke initially responded with his own rule for

contempt.   Pursuant to the provisions of La_ R.S. 46:236. 5( C), the parties' competing

rules for contempt and Ms. Sauce' s request for a modification of custody were set for

a conference on July S, 2021 with a hearing officer appointed by the trial court.

Thereafter, the hearing officer made recommendations for a proposed judgment.                Ms.

1 For reasons not clear in the record before us, the trial court also signed a consent judgment on
October 30, 2020, which was identical to the October 27, 2020 consent judgment. For clarity
and consistency, we will refer only to the October 27, 2020 judgment.

                                                3
Sauce objected to the hearing officer' s recommendations, however, the record does

not reveal whether any further proceedings were had with regard to those pleadings

and/ or whether a judgment was ultimately rendered.

           At the beginning of September 2021,          Mr. Burke filed a request, seeking

among other things, a mental health examination of Ms. Sauce and exparte

temporary sole custody of the child pursuant to La. C. C. P. art. 3945, based on several

allegations regarding Ms. Sauce' s declining mental health condition and her

intentional exposure of the minor child, who had pre- existing respiratory issues, to

the Covid- 19 virus in order to avoid a physical custodial exchange with Mr. Burke.

Based on the allegations made, the trial court granted Mr. Burke temporary sole

custody of the child and declined to award Ms. Sauce any interim visitation on the

basis that immediate and irreparable injury would result to the child.            The trial court

scheduled a full hearing on the matter.

           On the date of the hearing, Ms. Sauce and Mr. Burke entered into a temporary

consent judgment, which was to remain in place for approximately one month, that

provided Ms. Sauce with specific supervised visitation.              The day after the hearing,

the hearing officer issued a recommendation to the trial court that Mr. Burke be

awarded sole custody of the child, subject to limited supervised visitation with Ms.

Sauce, and that the parties undergo a mental health or psychological evaluation to

determine whether either party had any psychological or mental health issues, and to

explain how such behaviors might affect each parent' s ability to parent and co -parent

the child.      Ms. Sauce filed an objection to the hearing officer' s recommendations

regarding       custody   and   the   mental   health   evaluation    on   the   basis   that    the

recommendations were in violation of the PSFVRA because Mr. Burke had a history

of domestic abuse.

           Ms. Sauce then filed a petition seeking to nullify "[ t] he judgments     rendered in

this ...     case ...   pertain[ ing] to custody and other ancillary matters"            and "   the

                                                4
judgments [ that were the result of] mediation"' on the basis that said judgments were

in violation of the PSFVRA because Mr. Burke pled guilty to domestic abuse charges

on February 4, 2016 and on September 11, 2018.          Attached thereto were copies of the

minutes from the two criminal proceedings.

       After a hearing on Mr. Burke' s motion for modification of custody and for a

mental health examination of Ms. Sauce and Ms. Sauce' s petition for nullity, the trial

court signed a judgment on February 16, 2022, that, among other things: denied Ms,

Sauce' s petition to nullify the prior judgments;        cast Ms. Sauce with costs of the

proceeding; continued the award of temporary sole custody of the child to Mr. Burke,

subject to specific visitation in favor of Ms. Sauce; and ordered the parties to undergo

a full custody evaluation, including a mental health evaluation with a psychologist.

From this judgment, Ms. Sauce has appealed, challenging each of these rulings of the

trial court.

                                      JURISDICTION

       Appellate courts have the duty to determine sua sponte whether their subject

matter jurisdiction exists, even when the parties do not raise the issue. Advanced

Leveling & Concrete Solutions v. Lathan Company, Inc., 2017- 1250 ( La. App.

I"   Cir. 12/ 20118),   268 So. 3d    1044,   1046 ( en banc).       This court' s appellate

jurisdiction extends to final judgments and to interlocutory judgments when

expressly allowed by law.       See La. C. C. P. art. 2083( A) and ( C).   A final judgment

is one that determines the merits of a controversy in whole or in part; in contrast,

an interlocutory judgment does not determine the merits, but only preliminary

matters in the course of an action. La. C. C.P. art. 1841.        In addition, La. Const. art.

V, § 10( A) provides that a court of appeal has "       supervisory jurisdiction over cases

which arise within its circuit."

2 The record before us does not contain any judgments that were the result of mediation.
However, Ms. Sauce refers to the hearing officer as a mediator.

                                               5
       The judgment on appeal herein determines the merits of Ms. Sauce' s petition

for nullity and casts her with the costs of that proceeding.            Therefore, that portion

of the judgment is a final judgment pursuant to La. C. C. P. art. 1841. The judgment

also determines, in part,       a preliminary matter in Mr.           Burke' s separate action

seeking a modification of custody-- i.e.,            it continues a temporary order of sole

custody in favor of Mr. Burke, subject to visitation in favor of Ms. Sauce and

orders the parties to undergo a custody/ mental health evaluation.                 As such, that

portion of the judgment is interlocutory. Accordingly, we will separately address

each portion of the judgment as it relates to this appeal.'

Nullity Action

       A valid, appealable, final judgment must be precise, definite, and certain. It

must contain appropriate decretal language, and it must name the party in favor of

whom the ruling is ordered, the party against whom the ruling is ordered, and the

relief that is granted or denied.       Advanced Leveling & Concrete Solutions, 268

So. 3d at 1046.      These determinations should be evident from the language of the

judgment without reference to other documents in the record. Id. In the absence of

appropriate decretal language, the judgment is defective and cannot be considered

a final judgment for purposes of appeal.              See Advanced Leveling &           Concrete

Solutions, 268 So. 3d at 1046- 1047.

       In this case, with respect to the nullity action, the judgment provides in the

opening paragraph that the matter was before the court on " the Petition to Nullify

Prior Judgments filed by Plaintiff' and the plaintiff is identified in the caption as

3 We recognize that generally, when an unrestricted appeal is taken from a final judgment, the
appellant is entitled to seek review of all adverse interlocutory rulings prejudicial to him, in
addition to the review of the final judgment. Landry v. Leonard J. Chabert Medical Center,
2002- 1559 ( La. App. Pt Cir. 5/ 14/ 03), 858 So. 2d 454, 461 n. 4, writs denied, 2003- 1748, 2003-
1752 ( La. 10/ 17/ 03), 855 So. 2d 761. However, in this case, the final judgment being appealed
was rendered in Ms. Sauce' s action for nullity, but the interlocutory ruling she seeks to challenge
arises from Mr. Burke' s separate action for a modification of custody for which there has been
no final judgment.   Accordingly, Ms. Sauce is not entitled to seek review of that interlocutory
ruling in conjunction with her appeal of the final judgment in the nullity action. As such, we
separately address the appealability of provisions of the combined judgment.

                                                 6
Ms. Sauce. The judgment then provides " IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the Petition to Nullify be and is hereby denied."           Thus, while it is

evident from the face of the judgment that Ms. Sauce' s petition to nullify the prior

judgments in this case was denied, the judgment does not contain appropriate

decretal language dismissing that petition.          The absence of decretal language

dismissing the petition renders the judgment defective,            and   thus,   cannot be

considered a final judgment for purposes of an appeal.

       Generally, when a judgment is defective because it does not contain

appropriate decretal language, this Court should remand the matter for the limited

purpose of instructing the trial court to sign an amended judgment that is precise,

definite, and certain and contains appropriate decretal language.         See La. C.C. P.

arts. 1918( A), 1951, and 2088( A)( 12),     as amended by 2021 La. Acts, No. 259, § 2

eff. Aug. 1, 2021); Hill International, Inc. v. JTS Realty Corp.,         2021- 0157 ( La.

App.   1st Cir. 12130121), 342 So. 3d 322, 327- 328.     However, it is well- settled that

an appellate court can notice or raise the peremptory exception raising the

objection of no cause of action on its own motion. La. C. C. P. art. 927( B); Moreno

v. Entergy Corp., 2010- 2268 ( La. 2/ 18111), 64 So. 3d 761,      762. Furthermore, the

objection of no cause of action may be noticed by the appellate court under its

appellate jurisdiction or its supervisory jurisdiction.      See Hooks v. Treasurer,

2006- 0541 (   La. App.   15` Cir. 5/ 4107), 961 So. 2d 425, 429, writ denied, 2007- 1788

La. 1119107), 967 So. 2d 507 ( wherein this Court raised the objection of no cause

of action on its own motion under its appellate jurisdiction) and Jenkins v.

                                  4t'
Lindsey, 97- 0492 ( La. App.            Cir. 4116197), 693 So. 2d 238, 240 ( wherein the

appellate court noticed the objection of no cause of action on its own motion under

its supervisory jurisdiction).

       The peremptory exception raising the objection of no cause of action tests

 the legal sufficiency of the petition by determining whether the law affords a

                                              7
remedy on the facts alleged in the pleading." Everything on Wheels Subaru, Inc.

v. Subaru South, Inc., 616 So. 2d 1234, 1235 ( La. 1993).                 No evidence may be

introduced to support or controvert the objection that the petition fails to state a

cause of action.       La. C. C. P. art. 931.   Therefore, the court reviews the petition and

accepts well -pleaded allegations of fact as true, and the issue is whether, on the

face of the petition, the plaintiff is legally entitled to the relief sought, Everything

on Wheels Subaru, Inc., 616 So. 2d at 1235.                 Notably, however, conclusions of

law asserted as facts are not considered well -pled allegations of fact and the

correctness of those conclusions are not conceded. Hooks, 961 So. 2d at 429.

         A final judgment may be annulled for vices of form or substance.               See La.

C. C. P. art. 2001.      As to vices of form, a final judgment may be annulled if it is

rendered: (    1)   against an incompetent person not represented as required by law; ( 2)

against a defendant who has not been served with process as required by law and

who has not waived objection to jurisdiction, or against whom a valid default

judgment has not been taken; and ( 3) by a court that does not have jurisdiction over

the subject matter of the suit.         La. C. C. P. art. 2002.     As to vices of substance, a

final judgment obtained by fraud or ill practices may be annulled, and an action to

annul a judgment on these grounds must be brought within one year of the

discovery of the fraud or ill practice.         La. C. C. P. art. 2004.

         Ms.    Sauce' s petition for nullity does not contain any factual allegations

setting forth that any of the prior judgments in this matter have vices of form, as

provided in La, C. C.P. art. 2002, or vices of substance, as provided in La. C. C. P.

art. 2004. Rather, she alleges that Mr. Burke is a convicted domestic abuser, and

as such, the prior judgments pertaining to custody and ancillary matters and the

judgments that were the result of "mediation"              violated the PSFVRA and are null

4
    As previously noted, the record before us does not contain any judgments that were the result
of mediation.

                                                    8
and void.     The crux of Ms. Sauce' s claim in this regard is that the PSFVRA is

applicable to this case; however, this is not a well -pled allegation of fact, but a

legal conclusion clothed as fact.      Accordingly, we are not compelled to accept that

legal conclusion as fact. See Hooks, 961 So. 2d at 432.

       The PSFVRA provides that "[ t]here is created a presumption that no parent

who has a history of perpetrating family violence, ...      or domestic abuse, ...       shall

be awarded sole or joint custody of children." (            Emphasis added) La. R.S.

9: 364( A). In order for the PSFVRA to become applicable to a particular case, the

court must make two specific findings: first, the court must find that there is family

violence ( or domestic abuse),    and second, the court must find a history of family

violence ( or domestic abuse).    See Michelli v, Michelli, 93- 2128 ( La. App. 1st Cir.

515195),   655 So. 2d 1342,    1346.    Only after the trial court makes such specific

findings is the presumption against awarding sole or joint custody to the parent

with that history of perpetrating family violence or domestic abuse triggered.            See

La. R. S. 9: 364( A). Furthermore, this presumption "     shall be overcome only if the

court finds ...    by a preponderance of the evidence ... [      that] [   t] he perpetrating

parent has successfully completed a court -monitored domestic abuse intervention

program ...   after the last instance of abuse[;] [    t]he perpetrating parent is not

abusing alcohol or using illegal substances ... [;]   and [ t]he best interest of the child

or children ...   requires the perpetrating parent' s participation as a custodial parent

because of the other parent' s absence, mental illness, substance abuse,            or   other

circumstance negatively affecting the child or children." La. R.S. 9: 364( B).

      Herein, neither the allegations of Ms. Sauce' s petition nor the documents

attached thereto establish that there was a specific finding by the trial court in this

case that there is family violence or domestic abuse or a history of family violence or

domestic abuse.     Rather, the petition and documents attached thereto establish that

Mr. Sauce     had two prior convictions for domestic abuse in separate criminal

                                              X
proceedings and thereafter, that Ms. Sauce and Mr. Burke entered into consent

judgments regarding joint custody.         Thus, it appears that the trial court never made

any    factual   findings   with    respect    to        any   issues   related   to   the   PSFVRA.

Consequently, the presumption set forth in the PSFVRA was never triggered, and

the PSFVRA is not applicable to this cases

       Therefore, accepting all of the well -pleaded allegations of fact set forth in

Ms. Sauce' s petition for nullity as true, the law does not provide the remedy of

nullifying any of the prior judgments in this case or any judgments that were

purportedly the result of mediation. As such, we must conclude that Ms. Sauce, in

her petition for nullity, failed to set forth a cause of action for which the law

provides a remedy.      Thus, we render judgment sustaining the peremptory exception

raising the objection of no cause of action, properly noticed on our own motion,

and we dismiss Ms. Sauce' s petition for nullity with prejudice.                  See La. C. C. P. arts.

927( B) and 934. E

Temporary Order of Custody

       As previously noted, the portion of Ms. Sauce' s appeal challenging the order

continuing temporary sole custody in favor of Mr. Burke, subject to visitation in

favor of Ms. Sauce, and the order that the parties undergo a custody/ mental health

evaluation is an appeal of an interlocutory judgment and this Court' s appellate

jurisdiction only extends to interlocutory judgments when expressly allowed by

law.   See La. C. C. P. arts. 1841 and 2083( 0).               There is no express statutory law

allowing or authorizing an appeal of an interlocutory order regarding temporary

custody or an order that the parties undergo a custody/ mental health evaluation.

5 Even if Ms. Sauce alleged that the necessary factual findings to trigger the presumption set
forth in the PSFVRA had been made by the trial court, the failure to apply the presumption set
forth therein would be grounds for an appeal, not an action for nullity.

6 Since there are no additional facts that can be pleaded or established to provide Ms. Sauce with
a claim to nullify the prior judgments herein, the grounds for the objection of no cause of action
cannot be removed by amendment of the petition. Therefore, it is unnecessary to permit Ms.
Sauce the opportunity to amend her petition.

                                                    10
Consequently, this Court lacks appellate jurisdiction to consider the merits of Ms.

Sauce' s appeal with respect to the order continuing temporary sole custody in

favor of Mr. Burke, subject to visitation in favor of Ms. Sauce, and the order that

the parties undergo a custody/ mental health evaluation.               Therefore, that portion of

the appeal must be dismissed.

      We recognize that this Court supervisory jurisdiction over cases that arise

within its circuit, such as this case; however, the decision to convert an appeal to

an application for supervisory writs is within the discretion of this Court.                      See

Stelluto v. Stelluto, 2005- 0074 ( La. 6129105), 914 So. 2d 34, 39.               Under certain

circumstances, appellate courts have exercised the discretion to convert an appeal

of an interlocutory judgment into an application for supervisory writs,                    such    as

when the motion for appeal was filed within the thirty -day time period allowed for

the filing of an application for supervisory writs under Uniform Rules— Courts                     of

Appeal,   Rule 4- 3    and where reversal of the district court' s decision would

terminate the litigation, or where clear error in the trial court' s judgment, if not

corrected,   will   create   a   grave    injustice.    Boyd     Louisiana Racing,         Inc.    v.

Bridges, 2015- 0393 ( La.        App.     1st   Cir.   12/ 23/ 15) (   unpublished),    2015   WL

9435285, * 3 (   citations omitted);     see also Herlitz Construction Company, Inc. v.

Hotel Investors of New Iberia, Inc., 396 So. 2d 878 ( La. 198 1) (                     wherein the

Louisiana Supreme Court directed appellate courts to exercise their supervisory

jurisdiction, even though relief may be ultimately available on appeal, when the

trial court judgment is arguably incorrect, when a reversal would terminate the

litigation (in whole or in part), and when there is no dispute of fact to be resolved).

      While Ms. Sauce' s motion for appeal was filed within the thirty -day time

period allowed for the filing of an application for supervisory writs under Uniform

Rules— Courts of Appeal, Rule 4- 3, we find the other criteria, as set forth above,

have not been met.     Thus, although we have the discretionary authority to convert

                                                 11
Ms. Sauce' s interlocutory appeal to an application for supervisory writs and rule on

the writ application, we decline to do so.

                                  CONCLUSION

      For all of the above and foregoing reasons, we sustain a peremptory exception

raising the objection of no cause of action noticed by this Court on our own motion

and render judgment dismissing Ms. Sauce' s petition to nullify judgments.       Ms.

Sauce' s remaining appeal of the interlocutory judgment continuing temporary sole

custody in favor of Mr. Burke, subject to visitation in favor of Ms. Sauce,      and

ordering the parties to undergo a custody/mental health evaluation is dismissed for

lack ofjurisdiction, and we decline to exercise our supervisory jurisdiction.

      All costs of this appeal are assessed to Traci Sauce.

JUDGMENT RENDERED SUSTAINING OBJECTION OF NO CAUSE OF
ACTION AND DISMISSING TRACI SAUCE' S PETITION TO NULLIFY
JUDGMENTS          WITH       PREJUDICE;          REMAINDER         OF     APPEAL
DISMISSED.

                                             12
                               STATE OF LOUISIANA

                                 COURT OF APPEAL

                                    FIRST CIRCUIT

                                      2022 CU 0541

                                    TRACI SAUCE

                                          VERSUS

                                     JAKE BURKE
   J"'1LJ
PENZATO, J., concurs in part, dissents in part.

      As noted in the majority opinion, the judgment is defective with respect to the

nullity action and is not a final judgment for purposes of appeal.          Therefore, this

court lacks subject matter jurisdiction and may not notice an exception of no cause

of action.   See Advanced Leveling &      Concrete Solutions v. Lathan Co., Inc., 2017-

1250 ( La.     App. 1st Cir.    12120118),   268   So. 3d   1044,   1046.   See also Hill

International, Inc. v. JTS Realty Corp., 2021- 0157 (La. App. 1 st Cir. 12/ 30/ 21) 2021

WL 6328321, * 3 (      unpublished) ("   In the absence of proper decretal language, a

judgment is defective, and the appellate court lacks jurisdiction to review the

merits.")    For this reason, I dissent in part and would remand the matter for the trial

court to amend the judgment to cure the deficiencies in the judgment. La. C. C.P.

arts. 1918( A), 1951, and 2088( A).      I concur with the majority' s decision to refrain

from exercising supervisory jurisdiction to review the portion of the judgment that

continues temporary sole custody in favor of Mr. Burke.