Court Opinion

ID: 2728436
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:32:43.267016+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:43:05.302008
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be                            FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any                 Dec 28 2012, 10:05 am
court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,                        CLERK
                                                               of the supreme court,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.                   court of appeals and
                                                                      tax court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                         ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

KIMMERLY A. KLEE                                GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Greenwood, Indiana                              Attorney General of Indiana

                                                J.T. WHITEHEAD
                                                Deputy Attorney General
                                                Indianapolis, Indiana

                              IN THE
                    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

JESUS TORRES,                                   )
                                                )
       Appellant-Defendant,                     )
                                                )
              vs.                               )       No. 49A05-1205-CR-233
                                                )
STATE OF INDIANA,                               )
                                                )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                      )

                    APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT
                         The Honorable Jeffrey Marchal, Judge
                          Cause No. 49G06-1107-FC-047079

                                    December 28, 2012

               MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION

BAKER, Judge
          In this case, appellant-defendant Jesus Torres molested his fourteen-year-old step-

granddaughter, M.B., when she and her family were visiting from Florida. After M.B.

returned home, Torres telephoned M.B. nearly every day asking when she could come

back and visit. He also discussed the abuse and apologized to M.B. Audiotapes of these

conversations were made because M.B.’s father had supplied her with a tape recorder.

          Torres was charged with two counts of Sexual Misconduct with a Minor,1 a class

C felony. During his jury trial, the trial court, over Torres’s objection, admitted the

audiotape into evidence. The trial court also sent the recording back to the jury room

after deliberations had begun. Torres was convicted on one of the counts, and he now

appeals, challenging the admissibility of the audiotape into evidence and the trial court’s

decision to send the tape to the jury room.

          Concluding that the tape was properly admitted into evidence and observing that

Torres agreed to have the tape sent back to the jury during deliberations, we affirm the

trial court’s judgment.

                                            FACTS

          M.P. was born on July 29, 1995, and lived in Florida with her family. Torres is

M.P.’s step-grandfather, and she and her family visited Torres and her grandmother,

Elizabeth, in Indianapolis during Memorial Day weekend in 2010. While at the house,

M.P. and her younger sister, C.P., slept in the same bed as Torres and Elizabeth. The

1
    Ind. Code § 35-42-4-9.
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girls slept with them because the room was air-conditioned. The girls’ parents slept in a

different room down the hall.

       That night, M.P. woke up when she felt Torres touching her breast on the outside

of her shirt. M.P. fell back to sleep, but woke up again when she felt Torres’s hand on

her stomach. M.P. also felt Torres touch her skin underneath her shirt. Torres then

placed his hand down M.P.’s pants.

       At some point, M.P. left the room and walked to the kitchen. M.P. could see

Torres emerge from the bedroom. M.P. returned to the bedroom and went back to bed

after Torres had walked out of the bedroom. However, M.P. stayed awake in case Torres

came back. However, Torres never returned to the bedroom that night.

       The next morning, M.P. and Torres did not speak to each other. Later that day,

M.P. and her family left and returned to Florida. M.P. did not immediately tell anyone

about the incidents with Torres because she feared her father’s reaction.

       Shortly after M.P. returned to Florida, Torres telephoned her on a daily basis for

nearly a week. Torres would ask M.P. how she was doing and whether she missed him.

He also asked M.P. when she might come back to Indiana and visit. Although M.P.’s

parents talked about a return trip, M.P. said that she did not want to go back. While M.P.

did not offer an explanation at the time, she eventually told her brother’s friend what

Torres had done to her.

       After M.P.’s father learned of the incidents, he gave M.P. a tape recorder so that

subsequent telephone conversations between Torres and M.P. could be recorded. During

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one of the calls, M.P. talked about the night that Torres had touched her. At some point,

Torres asked M.P. if she would visit him again, and M.P. said that she did not know

“because of what [he] did.” Tr. p. 41. When M.P. asked Torres why he had touched her,

Torres responded that he had done it “out of curiosity.” Id. Torres then apologized and

asked M.P. if she would forgive him. That call was recorded. M.P. eventually listened to

the tape and placed her initials on it.

          M.P. and her family moved from Florida to Peru, Indiana, in August 2010.

Sometime around January 2011, M.P.’s father reported Torres to the police and spoke

with a prosecutor. Although M.P.’s father had spoken with the police, Torres continued

visiting the family. M.P.’s father would routinely watch the interaction between M.P.

and Torres. During one of the visits, M.P.’s father overheard Torres tell M.P. that “this

cannot get out, let it be” and “let’s start fresh, what I did was wrong, [and] this will ruin

the family if it gets out.” Tr. p. 66.

          The State charged Torres with two counts of sexual misconduct with a minor, a

class C felony. During a jury trial that commenced on March 28, 2012, Torres objected

to the admissibility of the audiotape recording of his telephone conversation with M.P.

The trial court admitted the tape into evidence. While the jury was deliberating, both the

State and Torres “urged the jury to listen to the [audiotaped conversation] again,” and the

trial court asked Torres’s counsel and the deputy prosecutor whether the recording should

be sent back to the jury room or whether the jury should be brought out to listen to it. Tr.

p. 109.

                                             4
       The deputy prosecutor indicated that she was fine with providing the jury with a

means of listening to the recording in the jury room.           Torres’s counsel agreed,

specifically stating that he had “no objection to them taking it back there assuming [the

prosecution] will tell [the defense] that there [is] no other information about the case on

there.” Id. at 110.

       The prosecutor indeed informed Torres that the exhibit contained no other

information on it. The trial court, again, asked both parties if they should wait for the

request from the jury, or whether the exhibit should be immediately sent back. Id. at 110.

The State had no preference for either approach, and Torres’s counsel stated that “we can

send it right now if the court would like. That doesn’t bother me.” Id. The trial court

then provided the jury with the recording and a computer to listen to it as they were

deliberating.

       Torres was found guilty on one count of sexual misconduct with a minor, a class C

felony, and he was acquitted on the other count. He now appeals.

                            DISCUSSION AND DECISION

                           I. Admission of Tape Into Evidence

       Torres argues that the trial court erred in admitting the audiotape of the telephone

conversation into evidence. Specifically, Torres contends that the tape was of poor

quality, it contained no specific reference to the alleged molestation incident, and the

“prejudice to Torres far outweighed any probative value of the recording.” Appellant’s

Br. p. 7.

                                            5
        The admission or exclusion of evidence falls within the trial court’s sound

discretion, and the trial court’s determination regarding the admissibility of the evidence

is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Wilson v. State, 765 N.E.2d 1265, 1272 (Ind.

2002). An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court’s decision is clearly against the

logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it. Id. We will only consider the

evidence in favor of the trial court’s ruling and the unrefuted evidence in the defendant’s

favor. Sallee v. State, 777 N.E.2d 1204, 1210 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002). We will affirm a

trial court’s ruling on the admission of evidence on any legal basis that is apparent in the

record. Lampitok v. State, 817 N.E.2d 630, 639 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004).

        Our Supreme Court has determined that one of the foundational requirements for

admitting an audio recording into evidence is that it be of sufficient clarity as to be

“intelligible and enlightening to the jury.” Lamar v. State, 282 N.E.2d 795, 800 (Ind.

1972). An audiotape must also be intelligible enough to be probative of the purpose for

which it is proffered. Benavides v. State, 808 N.E.2d 708, 711 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004).

        In this case, the tape is clear that M.P. and Torres are specifically discussing the

molestation incident. Ex. 1. For instance, M.P. asks Torres why he touched her, which

was in the context of her statement that she did not want to visit Torres and her

grandmother. When M.P. asked Torres why he touched her, he responded that he was

curious. Ex. 1. One who listens to the tape can hear the conversation and understand it.

Hence, the conversation was sufficiently clear to be enlightening and intelligible to the

jury.

                                             6
         The record also demonstrates that the only modification to the recording was the

removal of the sounds of a birdsong in the background. Tr. p. 42. In other words,

nothing impacted the substantive contents of the conversation between M.P. and Torres.

Thus, the trial court did not err in admitting the audiotape into evidence on this basis.

         Notwithstanding the above, Torres also argues that the tape should have been

excluded because the conversation unfairly prejudiced him. In general, relevant evidence

is admissible, but it “may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed

by the danger of unfair prejudice.” Ind. Evidence Rule 402, 403. To be “relevant,” the

evidence must have a “tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence

to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without

the evidence.” Ind. Evid. R. 401. On the other hand, “[u]nfair prejudice addresses the

way in which the jury is expected to respond to the evidence; it looks to the capacity of

the evidence to persuade by illegitimate means, or the tendency of the evidence to

suggest decision on an improper basis.” Ingram v. State, 715 N.E.2d 405, 407 (Ind.

1999).

         In this case, the conversation between M.P. and Torres amounted to evidence of

motive. M.P. asked Torres why he touched her, and he supplied the answer that he was

“curious.” Ex. 1. As a result, the evidence had great probative value and it had the

tendency to make the existence of a salient fact in this case more probable. Torres has

failed to show that the tape persuaded by illegitimate means, and it did not suggest to the

jury that it reach its final decision on an improper basis. Ingram, 715 N.E.2d at 407. In

                                              7
short, the tape spoke for itself. Torres told M.P. why he touched her, and he did not deny

doing it. As a result, we conclude that the trial court properly admitted the audiotape of

the conversation between M.P. and Torres into evidence.

                                 II. Sending Tape to Jurors

       Torres next contends that the trial court erred in sending the recording and a

computer to the jury once deliberations had begun. In particular, Torres argues that the

trial court’s action was unduly prejudicial and that the “prejudice was escalated by the

fact that the trial court interrupted deliberations to present this exhibit in isolation.”

Appellant’s Br. p. 7.

       Notwithstanding Torres’s contention, both the State and Torres “urged the jury to

listen to the [audiotaped conversation] again” as they were deliberating. Tr. p. 109. As

noted above, the trial court asked Torres’s counsel and the deputy prosecutor if the

recording should be sent back to the jury room or whether the jury should be brought out

to listen to it. Id. Torres, by counsel, informed the trial court that he had “no objection to

them taking it back there,” if he could be assured that the tape contained no other

evidence. Id. at 110.

       The deputy prosecutor specifically informed the defense that the exhibit contained

no other information on it, and the trial court again asked both parties if the exhibit

should be sent back “right now.” Id. The deputy prosecutor had no preference, and

Torres’s counsel agreed to “send it right now if the court would like. That doesn’t bother

me.” Id. The trial court then provided the jury with the exhibit while they deliberated.

                                              8
         Accordingly, the evidence shows that both the deputy prosecutor and Torres

wanted the jury to review the recording again before a verdict was reached. The exhibit

properly aided the jury, and it was reviewed at the suggestion of both parties. As a result,

Torres’s claim that the trial erred in sending the tape back to the jury during deliberations

fails.

         The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

BARNES, J., and RILEY, J., concur.

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