Court Opinion

ID: 4165598
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-05-03 12:19:47.733629+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:38:10.659961
License: Public Domain

Affirmed and Opinion Filed April 26, 2017

                                         S   In The
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      No. 05-16-01027-CV

                       MARK MILLS, Appellant
                               V.
  DAVID CARLOCK, ATTORNEY AT LAW; BLAISE GORMLEY, ATTORNEY AT
    LAW; JACKIE MILANDER, ATTORNEY AT LAW; AND D/B/A CARLOCK-
                     GORMLEY-HIGHT, Appellees

                       On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 4
                                   Dallas County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. CC-16-02498-D

                             MEMORANDUM OPINION
                         Before Justices Francis, Lang-Miers, and Lang
                                  Opinion by Justice Francis
       Mark Mills appeals the trial court’s order dismissing his claims against David Carlock,

Blaise Gormley, Jackie Milander, and the law firm of Carlock-Gormley-Hight (“Carlock”). In

five issues, Mills contends the trial court erred in dismissing his claims and awarding Carlock

sanctions and attorney’s fees. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

       The facts as set out in the pleadings show that in February 2014, Carlock began

representing Mills’s former wife in her divorce action against Mills in the 302nd Judicial District

Court. Both sides characterize the divorce as contentious.

       A hearing was conducted on March 24 at which a court reporter retained by Carlock was

present. The next day, Mills filed a notice in the trial court designating the transcript of the
hearing and the exhibits attached as confidential under an earlier confidentiality order governing

the production and disclosure of business and financial materials. Four days later Carlock

objected to the designation.     On April 23, the district court signed an addendum to the

confidentiality order stating that “upon receipt of an objection to the ‘confidential’ designation,

the producing party shall submit the document designated as ‘confidential’ for in camera

inspection, and the Court will rule on the designation of ‘confidential.’” Mills did not submit the

transcript from the March 24 hearing to the court for an in camera inspection and ruling at that

time.

        On May 6, a hearing was held by an associate judge on orders made by the district court

regarding interim attorney’s fees and temporary support. At the beginning of the hearing,

counsel for Mills stated “I would like to – and I believe Mr. Carlock and I have already discussed

offer – or tender to the Court the transcript from the March 24 hearing as [Mills’s] Exhibit 1.”

Carlock stated he had no objection and the trial court admitted the transcript with the attached

exhibits. Mills made no mention of any potentially confidential information in the transcript at

the time he tendered it as an exhibit. Mills was ultimately ordered to pay Carlock $85,000 in

interim attorney’s fees of which he paid $35,000 in change and small bills delivered to Carlock’s

offices in baggies.

        On May 16, Carlock filed a response to a motion for summary judgment filed by Mills.

Attached as an exhibit to the response was the transcript of the March 24 hearing. Three weeks

later, Mills filed a “Motion to Deem Exhibits Confidential” submitting for the first time the

March 24 transcript for in camera inspection as required by the confidentiality order addendum.

Mills also filed a “Motion for Protection and Motion for Injunction Regarding Filing of

Documents Designated as Confidential” stating that the addendum failed to prevent disclosure of

                                               –2–
documents designated as confidential between the time the documents were designated and the

time the court made its ruling on any objections to the designation.

       On June 12, a hearing was conducted in the 256th Judicial District Court on a petition by

Carlock to unseal the record of another divorce action involving Mills. At the hearing, Carlock

submitted the March 24 transcript as one of the exhibits.

       The 302nd district court conducted a hearing on September 22 in which it addressed

various motions including Mills’s motions concerning the allegedly confidential material.

Although the confidentiality order specified it covered “business and financial material,” Mills

argued at the hearing that the March 24 transcript also included confidential healthcare

information. The court informed Mills’s counsel it was not willing to declare the entire March

24 transcript confidential, but would consider a redaction of specific portions identified by Mills.

Mills’s counsel stated they would “present a specific letter, line item, [and] page number for each

specific objection” to identify the material in the transcript Mills wanted removed. There is no

indication Mills ever submitted proposed redactions of the March 24 transcript to the district

court for consideration.

       Two months later, Carlock provided Dr. Blake Mitchell, the court appointed

psychologist, with various pleadings, hearing transcripts, discovery responses, and court orders

from the divorce proceeding.       Mills contends these disclosures included the confidential

information at issue.

       On January 16, 2015, the district court signed an order with its rulings on the motions

heard on September 22. The court ordered both parties enjoined from filing any document

designated as “confidential” until the court determined the document could be filed. The court

further ordered if a party designated a document as “confidential,” the other side must object

                                                –3–
within five days, and a hearing must be held within seven days of the objection being filed. The

record does not indicate Mills took any further action with regard to the March 24 transcript.

       The divorce was resolved by a consent decree on October 22, 2015. One day after the

decree was signed, Mills sent Carlock an email attaching a grievance he filed against the firm

with the State Bar Disciplinary Counsel. The email stated “Thought you would enjoy seeing

your legal careers in peril. Things are about to get expensive, so you better hang on to that

money I paid you. You are going to need every penny of it (like the ones I delivered to your

office) and MORE!! BAHAHAHAHA!!” According to Carlock, the grievances were based on,

among other things, the firm’s alleged disclosure of Mills’s confidential medical information.

Carlock asserts, and Mills does not dispute, the disciplinary counsel determined the allegations

made by Mills lacked merit and were not investigated.

       Mills filed his original petition in this suit on May 16, 2016 asserting causes of action

against Carlock for negligence, breach of fiduciary duty, unauthorized use of identifying

information, violations of the Texas Medical Records Privacy Act, and violations of the Texas

Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Mills later filed a supplemental petition adding a claim for

publication of private facts. The petitions show Mills based his claims on Carlock’s alleged

disclosures of confidential information in the 302nd and 256th district court proceedings and its

provision of “protected health information” to the court appointed psychologist.

       Carlock moved to dismiss Mills’s claims under rule 91a of the Texas Rules of Civil

Procedure and section 27.003 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. The trial court

granted Carlock’s requested relief on all of the grounds asserted and dismissed Mills’s claims

with prejudice.   In addition, the court awarded Carlock $22,112.50 in attorney’s fees and

$22,112.50 in sanctions based on its finding Mills “brought this suit for an improper purpose,

including to harass, cause unnecessary delay, and increase the costs of litigation.” The court

                                               –4–
further found sanctions were appropriate “to deter Plaintiff Mark Mills from bringing similar

actions.” Mills now brings this appeal challenging the trial court’s dismissal of his claims and

the award of fees and sanctions.

       We begin with Mills’s third issue in which he contends the trial court erred in dismissing

all his claims under chapter 27 of the civil practice and remedies code otherwise known as the

Texas Citizen Participation Act. The Act is an anti-SLAPP statute intended to prevent “strategic

lawsuits against public participation.” See Serafine v. Blunt, 466 S.W.3d 352, 356 (Tex. App.—

Austin 2015, no pet.). The Act allows a party to move to dismiss a legal action that is “based on,

relates to, or is in response to a party’s exercise of the right of free speech, right to petition, or

the right of association.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.003 (West 2015). The Act

imposes an initial burden on the movant to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the

legal action brought by the nonmovant is based on, relates to, or is in response to its exercise of

one of the listed constitutional rights. Id.§ 27.005(b). The burden then shifts to the non-movant

to establish by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each element of the claim in

question. Id. §27.005(c). If the non-movant fails to meet this burden, the trial court must

dismiss the action. Id. §27.005(b). We review the trial court’s rulings de novo. See Levatino v.

Apple Tree Café Touring, Inc., 486 S.W.3d 724, 727 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2016, pet. denied).

       When determining whether to dismiss the legal action, the court must consider “the

pleadings and supporting and opposing affidavits stating the facts on which the liability or

defense is based.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.006(a). If the pleadings alone

satisfy the movant’s burden, no additional evidence is required. See Serafine, 466 S.W.3d at

360. Carlock moved for dismissal under chapter 27 arguing, among other things, Mills claims as

set out in his original and supplemental petitions were based on communications occurring as

part of the divorce proceeding in which Carlock represented Mills’s ex-wife and were based on,

                                                 –5–
related to, or in response to Carlock’s exercise of the right to petition. See Johnson-Todd v.

Morgan, 480 S.W.3d 605, 611 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2015, pet. denied) (TCPA protections

extend to attorneys acting as agents of clients). The Act defines the “exercise of the right to

petition” to include “a communication in or pertaining to . . . a judicial proceeding.”

       Mills contends Carlock failed to meet its initial burden to show the claims against it were

based solely on communications covered by the Act. Mills concedes “some (perhaps even

most)” of the communications on which his claims were based occurred during court hearings or

in pleadings” and these communications “constitute the exercise of the right to petition.” Mills

argues, however, that some statements in his petitions do not reference any judicial proceedings

and therefore cannot be read to fall within Carlock’s right to petition. In making this argument,

Mills relies on several general statements in his petitions such as that Carlock “disclosed to the

entire world the protected health information of plaintiff in violation of his privacy rights,” and

“in May 2014 and at other times, [] gave publicity to facts concerning Plaintiff’s private life.”

Although these general allegations do not, in and of themselves, reference judicial proceedings,

all of the facts alleged in the petitions to support these allegations concern communications made

in the course and furtherance of the divorce proceeding. There is nothing in the petitions, or the

record as a whole, that would support any conclusion other than the general allegations made by

Mills concern only the communications specified in the pleadings and all of those

communications were made in, or pertain to, a judicial proceeding. Cf. Cheniere Energy, Inc. v.

Lofti, 449 S.W.3d 210, 214 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, no pet.) (only one of five

factual assertions could be read to indicate a communication occurred).

       Mills points to his statement in his original petition that Carlock “disclosed protected

health information to another healthcare provider without the authorization or consent of

plaintiff” as an allegation that does not specifically reference a communication in a judicial

                                                –6–
proceeding.    In the sentence immediately following, however, Mills discusses Carlock’s

November 19 disclosure of various pleadings, transcripts, and discovery to the court-ordered

psychologist in the divorce proceeding. There is nothing in the pleadings or the record to indicate

Carlock made any other disclosures to a healthcare provider and Mills does not dispute that

Carlock’s disclosure to the court ordered psychologist was a communication in, or pertaining to,

a judicial proceeding.

       Mills suggests that because his general allegations are broad enough that they could be

read to reference communications other than the ones specified in the petitions, Carlock was

required to submit proof that no other communications occurred. Essentially, Mills argues

Carlock was required to provide evidence to address communications that were not alleged and,

to date, have not been identified. Mills cannot avoid the dismissal of his action by stating his

petition is broad enough to encompass other possible facts that might exist but were not pleaded

and have not been identified. The Act requires more than mere notice pleading. See In re

Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d 579, 590–91 (Tex. 2015). A plaintiff must provide enough detail to show

the factual basis for his claim. Id. at 591. Even reading the petitions in the light most favorable

to Mills, he has alleged no facts showing a communication occurred outside the scope of the

divorce proceedings.

       In response to Carlock’s motion to dismiss, Mills submitted an affidavit identifying only

two alleged communications as forming the basis of his claims. The first was Carlock’s filing of

the March 24 transcript as a summary judgment exhibit. Mills does not dispute this was a

communication falling within the scope of Carlock’s right to petition.

       The factual basis asserted for the second communication was a text message Mills

received from a man named James Wrightsman. Wrightsman, a former client of Carlock, sent a

message to Mills stating, “Interesting stuff out there in the public electronic domain, no…?”

                                               –7–
Mills asserts he received this message a few hours before Carlock filed its response to his motion

for summary judgment in the divorce proceeding which included the March 24 transcript. Based

on the timing of the text message, Mills asserts Carlock must have given Wrightsman the March

24 transcript before it became accessible to the general public on the district court’s website.

Because Wrightsman was not involved in the divorce case, Mills argues any disclosure to him

falls outside the Act’s protections for communications in a judicial proceeding.

       Contrary to Mills’s speculation, nothing in the text message indicates Carlock directed

any communication to Wrightsman about the matters at issue. In fact, the message indicates the

opposite as it refers only to disclosures already in the public domain. The divorce proceedings

had been pending for approximately two years when the message was sent and, to the extent the

message could be read to refer to anything associated with Carlock, it could only refer to the

filings previously made in the divorce case which were communications in a judicial proceeding.

See Watson v. Hardman, 497 S.W.3d 601, 606 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2016, no pet.). The message

does not mention the response to the motion for summary judgment, or any other filing in the

divorce case, and Mills has alleged no facts supporting a conclusion that Carlock disclosed

information about Mills to Wrightsman separate and apart from the filings available on the

district court’s website in the divorce suit. Because the pleadings establish all of Mills’s claims

arise out of communication made by Carlock in, or pertaining to, the divorce proceeding, and

Mills has failed to allege any facts supporting a claim outside the scope of communications

protected by the Act, we conclude the trial court correctly determined Carlock met its burden

under section 27.005(b).

       Once Carlock met its burden under section 27.005(b), the burden then shifted to Mills

under section 27.005(c) to present clear and specific evidence establishing a prima facie case for

each essential element of his claims. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.005(c). In his

                                               –8–
response to the motion to dismiss, Mills attempted to establish a prima facie case only as to his

claim for publication of private facts. He does not argue on appeal the trial court erred in

determining he failed to meet his burden under section 27.005(c) as to that claim. Accordingly,

we conclude Mills has failed to show the trial court erred in dismissing his claims under the Act.

We resolve his third issue against him.

       In his fourth and fifth issues, Mills contends the awards of attorney’s fees and sanctions

must be reversed because the trial court erred in granting Carlock’s motions to dismiss. We have

already determined Mills has failed to show the trial court erred in dismissing his claims under

chapter 27.   The trial court is required to award both attorney’s fees and sanctions when

dismissing a legal action under chapter 27. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.009(a).

Because Mills does not challenge the awards on any other basis, his argument is without merit.

       Mills makes the assertion that “if this Court reverses the trial court’s order granting only

one of these motions [to dismiss], the attorney’s fee award still must be reversed and the case

remanded for a new determination of fees under the surviving dismissal order.” First, because

we have already determined all the relief granted by the trial court is sustainable under chapter

27, it is unnecessary for us to address Mills’s assertion of error as to Carlock’s other motion to

dismiss. Second, Mills makes no argument and cites no authority for the proposition that the fee

award in this case must be re-determined if the dismissal is upheld under only one of the asserted

grounds. Bare assertions of error without argument or authority waive error. TEX. R. APP. P.

38.1 We resolve Mills’s fourth and fifth issues against him.

                                               –9–
       Based on the foregoing, it is unnecessary for us to address the remainder of Mills’s

issues. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                   /Molly Francis/
                                                   MOLLY FRANCIS
                                                   JUSTICE

       161027F.P05

                                                –10–
                                         S
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

MARK MILLS, Appellant                                On Appeal from the County Court at Law
                                                     No. 4, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-16-01027-CV         V.                        Trial Court Cause No. CC-16-02498-D.
                                                     Opinion delivered by Justice Francis.
DAVID CARLOCK, ATTORNEY AT                           Justices Lang and Lang-Miers participating.
LAW; BLAISE GORMLEY, ATTORNEY
AT LAW; JACKIE MILANDER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW; AND D/B/A
CARLOCK-GORMLEY-HIGHT, Appellees

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

      It is ORDERED that appellees DAVID CARLOCK, ATTORNEY AT LAW; BLAISE
GORMLEY, ATTORNEY AT LAW; JACKIE MILANDER, ATTORNEY AT LAW; AND
D/B/A CARLOCK-GORMLEY-HIGHT recover their costs of this appeal from appellant MARK
MILLS.

Judgment entered April 26, 2017.

                                              –11–