Court Opinion

ID: 3184422
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-03-10 16:12:19.891314+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:35:55.570574
License: Public Domain

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
 UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                 AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

                                    IN THE
             ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                DIVISION ONE

                       STATE OF ARIZONA, Appellee,

                                        v.

           JESUS ARMANDO GARCIA-CORRALES, Appellant.

                             No. 1 CA-CR 15-0288
                               FILED 3-10-2016

           Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                        No. CR2012-134163-001
             The Honorable Pamela Hearn Svoboda, Judge

                                  AFFIRMED

                                   COUNSEL

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By Eric K. Knobloch
Counsel for Appellee

Ballecer & Segal, LLP, Phoenix
By Natalee Segal
Counsel for Appellant
                      STATE v. GARCIA-CORRALES
                          Decision of the Court

                        MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Maurice Portley delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Jon W. Thompson and Judge Patricia K. Norris joined.

P O R T L E Y, Judge:

¶1            Jesus Armando Garcia-Corrales appeals his convictions for
dangerous crimes against children. He argues it was fundamental error for
the jury to hear evidence relating to a sentence enhancement during the
guilt phase of trial, and that there was insufficient evidence to sustain the
finding of dangerous crimes against a child on two of the counts against
him. Because we disagree with the premise of his argument, we affirm.

             FACTS1 AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶2           M. lived in an apartment with her four children, husband
(“Husband”), and two of his co-workers. Early one morning, she heard a
loud noise, looked and saw people jumping over the wall, and told
Husband that someone was entering the house. He quickly put on his
pants, opened the bedroom door, and was hit by one of three intruders. A
gun was put to his head. M., who was holding their three-year-old
daughter, D., was told not to scream or make noise, as guns were pointed
at her.

¶3             M.’s fifteen-year-old son, who heard the noise and hid in his
closet in his locked bedroom, called the police. He was found and taken
downstairs, joining Husband, the two co-workers, and M., who was still
holding D. The intruders terrorized the residents by handcuffing and
beating Husband, as well as beating M., who was trying to hold and protect
her child. The intruders, knowing Husband bought, refurbished, and sold
used cars, took phones, money, jewelry, car titles and car keys, and fled
when they heard a helicopter over the apartment.

¶4            An officer in the helicopter watched a person running from
the direction of the apartment to a waiting vehicle. The car sped out of the

1We view the facts and all reasonable inferences drawn from those facts in
the light most favorable to upholding the verdict. State v. Tamplin, 195 Ariz.
246, 246, ¶ 2, 986 P.2d 914, 914 (App. 1999) (citation omitted).

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                      STATE v. GARCIA-CORRALES
                          Decision of the Court

complex, was pursued by police officers, and subsequently caught. Garcia-
Corrales, the driver, was arrested, along with Omar Camacho, one of the
intruders. The adult victims recognized Garcia-Corrales; he had attended
a birthday party at the apartment weeks before the home invasion.

¶5             Garcia-Corrales was indicted for burglary; six counts of
kidnapping, one of which was a dangerous crime against children; six
counts of aggravated assault, one of which was a dangerous crime against
children; and unlawful flight. All the charges, except for the unlawful
flight, were also charged as dangerous crimes because guns were involved.
The jury found Garcia-Corrales guilty as charged. He was subsequently
sentenced to a lengthy prison sentence, totaling nearly twenty-eight years.
After failing to file a timely notice of appeal, Garcia-Corrales filed a
successful petition for post-conviction relief requesting leave to file a
delayed notice of appeal. He then filed this appeal. We have jurisdiction
pursuant to Article 6, Section 9, of the Arizona Constitution, and Arizona
Revised Statutes (“A.R.S.”) sections 12–120.21(A)(1), 13–4031, and
–4033(A).2

                               DISCUSSION

¶6             Garcia-Corrales argues the court committed fundamental
error by allowing the jury to resolve the “dangerous crime against children”
allegation, claiming that it is merely “a sentencing enhancement” and was
required to be presented to “the jury only after the guilt phase of trial.” He
contends that because the jury heard about the child’s age at the time of the
home invasion, the information “likely inflamed and prejudiced the jury.”
He also contends that the evidence was insufficient to support a finding
that he was an accomplice in targeting a child under the age of fifteen.

I.     “Dangerous Crime Against Children” Evidence

¶7             Garcia-Corrales first contends that the trial court committed
fundamental error by allowing the jury to hear about the age of the three
year old child-victim during the guilt phase of the trial. He specifically
argues the evidence was inflammatory and prejudicial, and that Arizona
Rule of Criminal Procedure (“Rule”) 19.1 was violated because it requires a
finding of guilt before addressing sentencing enhancements. We review
questions involving the application of court rules de novo. Haroutunian v.
Valueoptions, Inc., 218 Ariz. 541, 549, ¶ 22, 189 P.3d 1114, 1122 (App. 2008).

2We cite the current version of the applicable statutes unless otherwise
noted.

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                       STATE v. GARCIA-CORRALES
                           Decision of the Court

¶8             We reject his argument. Although Rule 19.1 details the order
of proceedings in a criminal trial, including sentencing, the rule does not
require that an element of an offense, such as a dangerous crime against
children allegation or an allegation that the crime was dangerous because a
gun or other weapon was used, be only proven subsequent to the
determination of guilt on the underlying charges. And Garcia-Corrales has
not cited to any statute or case law requiring such, and we have found none.

¶9             Moreover, two counts in the indictment alleged that the
crimes were dangerous crimes against children because one of the child-
victims was under fifteen years of age. Specifically, count 7, the kidnapping
charge, stated that Garcia-Corrales “knowingly restrained [D.], under
fifteen years of age, with the intent to inflict . . . physical injury . . . or to
otherwise aid in the commission of a felony.” And count 13, the aggravated
assault charge, contained similar language; namely that “using a firearm, a
deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, intentionally placed [D.], a
person under 15 years of age, in reasonable apprehension of imminent
physical injury.” Because the allegation was an element of each offense, the
State, in order to meet its burden of proof, was required to present evidence
that Garcia-Corrales and his compatriots “focused on, directed against,
aimed at, or target[ed] a victim under the age of fifteen.” State v. Williams,
175 Ariz. 98, 103, 854 P.2d 131, 136 (1993).

¶10           Moreover, the child-victim’s age at the time of the crimes was
relevant and probative of an element to two of the charged crimes. Ariz. R.
Evid. 401. The jury was properly instructed and we presume they followed
the instruction. State v. Reyes, 232 Ariz. 468, 471, ¶ 7, 307 P.3d 35, 38 (App.
2013). As a result, we find no error.

II.    Sufficiency of the Evidence

¶11            We review a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence de
novo, State v. Felix, 237 Ariz. 280, 289, ¶ 30, 349 P.3d 1117, 1126 (App. 2015)
(citation omitted), viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to
sustaining the verdict, and reversing only if there is no substantial evidence
supporting the conviction, State v. Fimbres, 222 Ariz. 293, 297, ¶ 4, 213 P.3d
1020, 1024 (App. 2009) (citation omitted). “Substantial evidence is proof
that ‘reasonable persons could accept as adequate . . . to support a
conclusion of [the] defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.’” State v.
Bearup, 221 Ariz. 163, 167, ¶ 16, 211 P.3d 684, 688 (2009) (citation omitted).

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                      STATE v. GARCIA-CORRALES
                          Decision of the Court

¶12           Garcia-Corrales was the driver of the get-away car and
convicted as an accomplice to the home invasion. An accomplice is a person
who with the “intent to promote or facilitate the commission” of the offense:

       1. Solicits or commands another person to commit the offense;
       or
       2. Aids, counsels, agrees to aid or attempts to aid another
       person in planning or committing an offense.
       3. Provides means or opportunity to another person to
       commit the offense.

A.R.S. § 13-301. An accomplice may be held “criminally accountable for the
conduct of another” if, in the course of helping that person commit an
offense, another offense occurs “that is a natural and probable or reasonably
foreseeable consequence of the offense for which the person was an
accomplice.” A.R.S. § 13-303(A)(3).

¶13            Here, a month before the home invasion, Garcia-Corrales’s
sister was invited to D.’s birthday party at the apartment, and she brought
Garcia-Corrales and his children. He, as a result, knew M. had a three year
old living with her when he drove his compatriots to the apartment at two
o’clock in the morning, and he knew, or should have known, that the three
year old would be with her parents. Consequently, by driving his three
friends to the apartment to break in, terrorize the occupants, take items that
did not belong to them, and then attempt to drive them from the scene,
Garcia-Corrales is responsible for the crimes committed by the three he
drove to the apartment. And he is equally responsible for the dangerous-
crimes-against-children counts because it was reasonably foreseeable that,
in the commission of the burglary, D. would be present, restrained along
with the others, and placed in reasonable apprehension of imminent
physical injury.

¶14            Garcia-Corrales asserts that there is no evidence that he
entered the home. However, he did not need to enter the residence to be
held accountable as an accomplice. It was enough that he drove his friends
to the apartment and then tried to drive away after the commission of the
crimes, albeit unsuccessfully. Garcia-Corrales was apprehended with a co-
defendant, who admitted to conducting the home invasion, after the police
found the co-defendant with a handgun and the victims’ jewelry. Because
there was sufficient evidence that Garcia-Corrales was involved with his
comrades, who committed the home invasion and related crimes, he was
an accomplice for all their crimes. We therefore affirm the jury’s verdicts.
See State v. Felix, 237 Ariz. at 290, ¶ 35, 349 P.3d at 1127 (App. 2015)

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                    STATE v. GARCIA-CORRALES
                        Decision of the Court

(affirming jury finding of dangerous crime against children where
defendant knew baby lived at house and was aware that by his
indiscriminate shooting bullets into house at 5:00 a.m., it was likely he
would be directing his fire at the baby, who was occupying the house and
likely to be home asleep).

                            CONCLUSION

¶15          For the foregoing reasons, we affirm Garcia-Corrales’s
convictions and sentences.

                                :ama

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