Court Opinion

ID: 64590
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-26 05:17:48+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:50:24.647404
License: Public Domain

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                    Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                         January 14, 2009

                                       No. 07-60841                   Charles R. Fulbruge III
                                                                              Clerk

ANDERSON-TULLY LUMBER COMPANY

                                                  Plaintiff-Appellant
v.

INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS, S.R.L.

                                                  Defendant-Appellee

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Southern District of Mississippi
                             USDC No. 5:05-cv-00068

Before DAVIS, CLEMENT and ELROD, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
       Plaintiff-Appellant Anderson-Tully Lumber Company appeals the district
court’s order granting Defendant-Appellee’s Motion to Dismiss on the basis of
forum non conveniens and international abstention. For the reasons set forth
below, we affirm.
                                              I
       Anderson-Tully Company, a Mississippi corporation, began doing business
with International Forest Products, S.r.L., an Italian corporation (“IFP”), in the

       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
                                       No. 07-60841

1990s. Under a verbal arrangement, IFP agreed to market and sell Anderson-
Tully Company’s forest products (primarily cottonwood) to Italian customers.
The arrangement was entered into after representatives of IFP came to the
United States to solicit business. IFP allegedly agreed to exclusively market and
carry Anderson-Tully Company’s products in the Italian market and agreed not
to carry competing products from other suppliers in that market. In exchange,
Anderson-Tully Company paid commissions to IFP based on IFP’s sales.
      In the late 1990s, Anderson-Tully Company underwent a corporate
reorganization. It formed Anderson-Tully Lumber Company, a Mississippi
corporation (“ATCO Lumber”), to operate its timberlands. Anderson-Tully
Company became a REIT and remained the owner of the real property. Upon
completion of the reorganization, ATCO Lumber assumed the marketing
agreement with IFP.
      ATCO Lumber terminated its business relationship with IFP in September
2001 after it allegedly learned that IFP was violating the exclusivity
arrangement by selling competitors’ products in the Italian market. ATCO
Lumber also had information suggesting that IFP had disclosed confidential
pricing information to competitors. In October 2001, ATCO Lumber formed a
new Italian entity, Allied Timber Companies, S.r.L., to assume the marketing
and sales of its products in the Italian market. ATCO Lumber owns 50% of the
new entity and an individual owns the other 50%.1
      In November 2003, IFP filed a suit against Anderson-Tully Company in
Italy for damages caused by the improper termination of the business
arrangement. IFP also named ATCO Lumber in the suit but for reasons that are
unclear, did not serve ATCO Lumber with the suit. The Italian court refused to
add ATCO Lumber as a party to the suit and refused to allow IFP to amend the

      1
          The individual is a former employee of IFP.

                                              2
                                 No. 07-60841

suit to add ATCO Lumber as a defendant. IFP then filed a second suit against
ATCO Lumber in September 2005 in Italy. Anderson-Tully Company answered
the initial Italian complaint in June 2004 and also asserted a counter-claim
against IFP for the damages caused by IFP’s breach of the contract.
      ATCO Lumber then filed suit in the Circuit Court of Warren County,
Mississippi in October 2004, after the initial Italian suit was filed but before
ATCO Lumber was served with the Italian suit. ATCO Lumber served IFP with
the Mississippi suit in April 2005, which IFP promptly removed to federal court.
IFP moved to dismiss the suit on the basis of forum non conveniens and
international abstention, which the district court granted. The district court
granted ATCO Lumber’s motion for reconsideration in order to allow limited
discovery on these same issues. After discovery on those issues, the district
court granted IFP’s renewed motion to dismiss on the basis of forum non
conveniens and international abstention and denied the motion to strike
affidavits submitted by IFP’s Italian counsel. ATCO Lumber now timely appeals
the dismissal order.
                                       II
      We review the district court’s dismissal on the basis of forum non
conveniens and international comity for abuse of discretion. Dtex, LLC v. BBVA
Bancomer, S.A., 508 F.3d 785, 787 (5th Cir. 2007); Int’l Transactions, Ltd. v.
Embotelladora Agral Regiomontana, SA DE CV, 347 F.3d 589, 593 (5th Cir.
2003). This court also reviews a motion to strike for abuse of discretion.
Cambridge Toxicology Group, Inc. v. Exnicios, 495 F.3d 169, 178 (5th Cir. 2007).
While the decision to grant a motion to dismiss “is within the discretion of the
district court, it should be an exercise in structured discretion founded on a
procedural framework guiding the district court’s decisionmaking process.” In
re Air Crash Disaster near New Orleans, La., 821 F.2d 1147, 1165 (5th Cir. 1987)
(en banc) (citations omitted), vacated on other grounds sub nom., Pan Am. World

                                       3
                                   No. 07-60841
Airways, Inc. v. Lopez, 490 U.S. 1032 (1989), reinstated except as to damages by
in re Air Crash Disaster near New Orleans, La., 883 F.2d 17 (5th Cir. 1989)(en
banc). Under this procedural framework, the court first determines if an
alternative forum exists. If the answer to this question is yes, the court must
then evaluate the public and private interests involved in hearing the suit in
each available forum. “[W]here the court has considered all relevant public and
private interest factors, and where its balancing of these factors is reasonable,
its decision deserves substantial deference.” Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno, 454
U.S. 235, 257 (1981).
                                        III
      Appellant argues that the district court abused its discretion in dismissing
its suit for forum non conveniens. The district court followed the procedural
framework provided in Piper Aircraft. The court first found that an alternative
forum is available in Italy. The district court determined that ATCO Lumber
was involved in the litigation in Italy and that the Italian courts provided
comparable remedies to the parties. Both of these factors demonstrated the
availability of Italy as an adequate alternative forum. The district court did not
err in reaching this conclusion.
      The district court then considered the private factors presented in the
forum non conveniens analysis:
      [1.] relative ease of access to sources of proof;
      [2.] availability of compulsory process for attendance of unwilling, and the
      cost of obtaining attendance of willing, witnesses;
      [3.] possibility of view of premises, if view would be appropriate to the
      action;
      [4.] all other practical problems that make trial of a case easy, expeditious,
      and inexpensive.

                                         4
                                    No. 07-60841
Id. at 241 n.6 (citation omitted). The district court concluded that these factors
favored dismissal of the instant suit in favor of the Italian courts. Although
ATCO Lumber claims on appeal that it can prove its case by using witnesses and
documents exclusively located in the United States, the district court was
entitled to base its decision on the witness lists and documents before it. In
Appellant’s pre-discovery disclosures, 43 total witnesses are listed. Of those
witnesses, 19 were located in Italy and only 8 witnesses were located in
Mississippi. IFP listed 36 witnesses, of which only 2 were not located in Italy.
Despite Appellant’s subsequent reduction of its witness list to eliminate overseas
witnesses, the district court was entitled to rely on this initial witness list when
evaluating the private factors. We cannot say the district court committed a
“clear abuse of discretion” when it concluded that most of the evidence and
witnesses were located outside of Mississippi. Id. at 257.
      The district court next considered the public factors:
      [1.] administrative difficulties flowing from court congestion;
      [2.] the local interest in having localized controversies decided at home;
      [3.] the interest in having a diversity case in a forum that is at home with
      the law that must govern the action;
      [4.] the avoidance of unnecessary problems in conflict of laws, or in the
      application of foreign law;
      [5.] the unfairness of burdening citizens in an unrelated forum with jury
      duty.
Id. at 246 n.6 (internal quotation and citation omitted). The district court
concluded that the public factors also weighed in favor of dismissing the instant
case in favor of the Italian litigation. The court noted that the dispute had
arisen over actions that occurred in Italy and that Italian law would likely apply.
It also acknowledged that the proceedings in the Italian court had been going on
for some time. The district court did not abuse its discretion in determining that

                                         5
                                   No. 07-60841
Italian courts had a keen interest in trying the dispute that arose primarily in
Italy and that these factors favored dismissal.
       In reaching this conclusion, the district court did not specifically address
the affidavit of Richard Wilkerson, the Executive Vice President of ATCO
Lumber. In that affidavit, Wilkerson averred that, in violation of the alleged
exclusivity agreement IFP had solicited ATCO Lumber’s competitors in the
United States. He further asserted that IFP was selling cottonwood from these
competitors to the same Italian customers to which it had been selling ATCO
Lumber’s cottonwood, also purportedly in violation of the alleged exclusivity
agreement. Other than his own summary affidavit, Wilkerson does not offer
specific facts or proof in support of these allegations. The district court did
consider more specific evidence on this issue offered by ATCO Lumber of IFP’s
relationship with United States based competitors of ATCO Lumber. The
district court determined that this information merely demonstrated a business
relationship between ATCO Lumber’s domestic competitors and IFP in Italy. In
analyzing the second and fourth public factors of the Piper Aircraft framework,
the district court might have given this affidavit more weight, but we cannot say
that the district court’s decision to give more weight to other more specific
materials and evidence before it constituted “a clear abuse of discretion.” Id. at
257.
       While the Italian court noted that the second Italian case and the instant
case were not the same, the district court was entitled to take the view that the
various claims resulted from the reciprocal breach of a single contract, and that
they should therefore be tried together. ATCO Lumber conceded that all claims
that could be asserted in this suit were already brought on its behalf in the
Italian litigation. While it could be argued that international comity counsels
deferring to the Italian court as to the distinction in the cases, the district court

                                         6
                                  No. 07-60841
did not clearly abuse its discretion in finding that the forum non conveniens
factors and international comity favored dismissal.
      Appellant’s main argument is that the district court did not give proper
consideration to its choice of Mississippi as forum. We have noted that “in
evaluating the private interests of the litigants, a court should be deferential to
an American plaintiff’s choice of his home forum.” Forsythe v. Saudi Arabian
Airlines Corp., 885 F.2d 285, 290 (5th Cir. 1989); see also Piper Aircraft, 454 U.S.
at 255-56; Air Crash, 821 F.2d at 1154. However, we have also made clear that
an American plaintiff’s choice of its home forum, such as ATCO Lumber made
here, “cannot be given dispositive weight.” Forsythe, 885 F.2d at 290. The focus
of the analysis is on the overall convenience provided by each forum. Dickson
Marine, Inc. v. Panalpina, Inc., 179 F.3d 331, 342 (5th Cir. 1999). Here, the
district court did not clearly abuse its discretion in conducting the forum non
conveniens analysis.
      The district court also denied Appellant’s motion to strike the declarations
of Appellee’s Italian counsel. Our review of the record reveals that these
documents are primarily a summary of the status of the litigation in the Italian
courts and that the important facts asserted in the affidavit are set out in Italian
court documents filed in the record. The district court therefore did not abuse
its discretion in denying the motion to strike.
                                        IV
      For the reasons set forth above and those contained in the district court’s
opinion, we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment.
      AFFIRMED.

                                         7