Court Opinion

ID: 9766892
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-29 05:02:01.662075+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:30:26.945443
License: Public Domain

ROBERTSON, Justice,
dissenting.
I respectfully dissent. The majority has divorced itself from established precedent with regard to the rescue doctrine. Additionally, this case should be remanded for a trial on the merits inasmuch as a genuine issue of material fact should have precluded the granting and affirming of a summary judgment in favor of Rosita Rodriguez.
The majority places great stock in its theory that somehow Rosita Rodriguez is absolved from liability because she could not have foreseen that Officer Snellenber-ger would suffer a heart attack while attempting to control the crowd which had gathered at the accident scene. Their reliance on the issue of foreseeability, however, is misplaced.
The majority openly jettisons the theory upon which this case is based when they state that they reached their decision “[wjithout ruling on whether this [case involved] a proper application of the rescue doctrine....” Indeed, the majority could not have affirmed the court of appeals without first erroneously recasting this case as one which turns upon the issue of foreseeability.
As a matter of policy, the intervention of a rescuer is deemed to be a foreseeable response to the defendant’s creation of the dangerous situation. As stated in Longacre v. Reddick, 215 S.W.2d 404 (Tex.Civ.App.—Fort Worth 1948, mand. overr.),
The underlying basis of the rescue doctrine is that the defendant negligently created a situation which provoked the rescue effort, and that the rescuer’s resulting injury was something that could reasonably have been foreseen by the negligent defendant, and was the natural and probable result of such negligence.
Id. at 406 (emphasis added).
The majority cites Kelley v. Alexander, 392 S.W.2d 790 (Tex.Civ.App.—San Antonio *2391965, writ ref'd n.r.e.), for the proposition that one of the reasons the rescue doctrine came into being was to alleviate the harsh results of contributory negligence under early tort law. However, the majority fails to mention that the court in Kelley also stated that
[t]he basis of this rule is that the defendant negligently created a situation that provoked the rescue effort and the rescuer’s resulting injury was something that could reasonably have been foreseen by the negligent defendant and was a natural and probable result of such negligence.
Id. at 792 (emphasis added). Whether Ro-sita Rodriguez could have foreseen Officer Snellenberger’s heart attack is simply not an issue which weighs in the balance under the rescue doctrine.
Further, I would remand this case for a trial on the merits. Rosita Rodriguez was granted a summary judgment in the trial court. The court of appeals affirmed. Both courts, however, have glossed over one critical fact: There exists a genuine issue of material fact in this case which precludes the granting of a summary judgment.
A summary judgment should not be granted if there is a genuine issue regarding any material fact and unless the mov-ant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Great American Reserve Ins. Co. v. San Antonio Plumbing Supply Co., 391 S.W.2d 41, 47 (Tex.1965); TEX.R.CIV.P. 166a. The burden of proof is on the mov-ant and all doubts as to the existence of genuine issues of material facts must be resolved against the movant and evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to the person opposing the summary judgment. Roskey v. Texas Health Facilities Comm’n, 639 S.W.2d 302, 302 (Tex.1982). In the context of cases in which a determination of negligence is required to reach a decision, disposition by summary judgment is the exception, not the rule. Hennessy v. Estate of Perez, 725 S.W.2d 507, 509 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1987, no writ). Indeed, the summary judgment process is not intended to deprive a party of a full hearing on the merits of any fact issue. Gulbenkian v. Penn, 252 S.W.2d 929, 931 (Tex.1952).
This case involves the rescue doctrine; therefore, whether Rosita Rodriguez was negligent is a key factor in determining the doctrine’s applicability. As stated by the majority, one of the purposes behind the rescue doctrine is to compensate those individuals who come to the aid of someone who is in imminent peril. Therefore, one of the elements of the rescue doctrine is that the person to be rescued must be in imminent peril. Kelley, 392 S.W.2d at 792. In her motion in opposition to summary judgment, Adela Snellenberger clearly set out facts demonstrating that, at the time her husband and Officer Spence arrived at the accident scene, the injured child was in imminent peril. For example, when the officers arrived at the scene, the child had no pulse and was not breathing. Even after CPR was started, the child never regained consciousness. Finally, upon arrival at the scene, the officers observed that the child’s head had suffered massive trauma due to the accident.
These facts clearly establish a genuine issue as to an element of Adela Snellenber-ger’s cause of action. Therefore, this case should not have been disposed of via a summary judgment. I would reverse and remand this case to the trial court so that both parties may obtain a trial on the merits.
RAY and MAUZY, JJ., join in this dissent.