Court Opinion

ID: 4037883
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-28 15:06:42.093625+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:30:47.608445
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
                                                                    FILED
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                          Sep 28 2016, 7:44 am

this Memorandum Decision shall not be                               CLERK
regarded as precedent or cited before any                       Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                   Court of Appeals
                                                                     and Tax Court
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.

APPELLANT PRO SE                                         ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Jerry Dillon                                             Gregory F. Zoeller
Calumet City, Illinois                                   Attorney General of Indiana
                                                         Aaron T. Craft
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In re Paternity of                                       September 28, 2016
Jerry Thomas Leber,                                      Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         45A03-1511-JP-2078
Jerry Dillon,                                            Appeal from the Lake Superior
                                                         Court
Appellant-Petitioner,
                                                         The Honorable Thomas P.
        v.                                               Stefaniak, Jr., Judge
                                                         The Honorable Katherine J.
State of Indiana, and                                    Garza, Magistrate
Laurie Leber,                                            Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         45D06-0106-JP-429
Appellees-Respondents.

Robb, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016   Page 1 of 11
                                  Case Summary and Issues
[1]   The relationship between Jerry Dillon (“Father”) and Laurie Leber (“Mother”)

      produced one child. In 2005, Father was ordered to pay child support. In

      2014, Father filed a petition for modification of child support. The trial court

      denied Father’s petition and found Father to be in contempt of court for failure

      to pay child support. Father appeals pro se, raising several issues for our

      review, which we consolidate and restate as: 1) whether the trial court abused

      its discretion in granting Mother’s motion to compel discovery; 2) whether the

      trial court abused its discretion in granting the State’s petition for contempt; and

      3) whether the trial court correctly applied Indiana law in denying Father’s

      petition to modify. Concluding the appeal is untimely, but that regardless, the

      trial court did not abuse its discretion, we affirm.

                               Facts and Procedural History
[2]   Father and Mother are the parents of a single child.1 Father is a dentist and has

      operated a dental practice in Calumet City, Illinois, under various limited

      liability companies since 1989. Mother works and resides in Hammond,

      Indiana. In 2005, the trial court ordered Father to pay $168.80 per week in

      child support plus an additional amount toward an arrearage, for a total of

      1
          Their child was born in 1996 and is now emancipated.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016   Page 2 of 11
      $270.00. In 2007, Father filed a petition for modification of child support,

      which remained unaddressed until 2014.

[3]   In April 2014, Father filed another petition to modify child support, seeking

      retroactive modification to 2007, when he originally filed his request for

      modification. One month later, Father filed a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition

      in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois. 2 In

      October 2014, the trial court granted a temporary modification, reducing

      Father’s child support to $150 per week pending a final hearing. The final

      hearing was set for November 2014, but because of Father’s non-compliance

      with multiple discovery orders, the hearing was not completed until June 2015.

      In March 2015, the State of Indiana intervened and filed a petition for contempt

      against Father for delinquent child support payments of $89,144.

[4]   The trial court held a final hearing on Father’s petition for modification and the

      State’s petition for contempt in June 2015. On July 15, 2015, the trial court

      issued its order denying Father’s petition for modification and finding Father’s

      child support arrearage to be $86,910.90. The trial court also found Father in

      contempt of court and committed him to 180 days in the Lake County Work

      Release Program. However, the trial court stayed its commitment order,

      providing Father an opportunity to purge himself of contempt by paying $5,000

      by September 3, 2015.

      2
          The bankruptcy court dismissed Father’s case on May 27, 2015.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016   Page 3 of 11
[5]   A status hearing was held on September 3, 2015 to determine whether Father

      purged himself of contempt. Father failed to appear at the hearing and later

      claimed he never received notice of the trial court’s July 15 order, although at

      the time of the hearing he had paid $2,500 of the amount required to purge

      himself of contempt. Since Father only paid one-half of the amount required to

      purge himself of contempt, the trial court issued a bench warrant for his arrest.

[6]   On September 14, 2015, Father filed an emergency motion to quash the bench

      warrant and correct error. The trial court held a hearing on the motion on

      October 19, 2015, determined Father purged himself of contempt by paying the

      entire $5,000, and vacated Father’s commitment to the Lake County Work

      Release Program. Father also filed a motion for a new trial at the hearing,

      which the trial court denied on October 21, 2015. Father filed a notice of

      appeal with the trial court on November 2, 2015; however, no notice of appeal

      was filed with the Clerk of the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, and Tax

      Court until November 25, 2015.

                                 Discussion and Decision
                                              I. Timeliness
[7]   We first address the State’s request to dismiss Father’s appeal as untimely.

      Indiana Rule of Appellate Procedure 9(A) provides that a party initiates an

      appeal from a final judgment or order by filing a notice of appeal with the Clerk

      of the Indiana Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, and Tax Court within thirty

      days after the entry of the final judgment is noted in the Chronological Case
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016   Page 4 of 11
      Summary (“CCS”).3 “Unless the Notice of Appeal is timely filed, the right to

      appeal shall be forfeited . . . .” Ind. Appellate Rule 9(A)(5). A party who has

      forfeited his or her right to appeal by failing to file a timely notice of appeal may

      have that right to appeal restored only if there are “extraordinarily compelling

      reasons why this forfeited right should be restored.” In re Adoption of O.R., 16

      N.E.3d 965, 971 (Ind. 2014).

[8]   Here, the trial court issued its final judgment on July 15, 2015, and the order

      was entered on the CCS the same day. Thus, Father’s notice of appeal or a

      motion to correct error was due by August 14, 2015. See Ind. Trial Rule 59(C).

      Father did not file his motion to correct error until September 14, 2015, and did

      not file his notice of appeal until November 25, 2015.4

[9]   However, Father argues he never received notice of the trial court’s July 15,

      2015, order. Indiana Trial Rule 72(E) addresses this specific situation:

               Lack of notice, or the lack of the actual receipt of a copy of the
               entry from the Clerk shall not affect the time within which to contest
               the ruling, order or judgment, or authorize the Court to relieve a
               party of the failure to initiate proceedings to contest such ruling,
               order or judgment, except as provided in this section. When service of a

      3
       The timely filing of a motion to correct error extends a party’s time to file a notice of appeal. An appeal
      may be initiated by filing a notice of appeal within thirty days after a motion to correct error is deemed
      denied. Ind. Trial Rule 53.3(A).
      4
       Father’s notice of appeal reflects the “Order being Appealed” is the trial court’s denial of his motion for a
      new trial on October 21, 2015. Father’s notice of appeal also lists the date the trial judge approved the order
      as July 15, 2015. See Appendix of Appellee State of Indiana at 66-72. Regardless, even if we assume October
      21, 2015 is the final judgment for purposes of initiating the appeal, his notice of appeal would have been due
      by November 20, 2015.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016          Page 5 of 11
               copy of the entry by the Clerk is not evidenced by a note made by the
               Clerk upon the Chronological Case Summary, the Court, upon
               application for good cause shown, may grant an extension of any time
               limitation within which to contest such ruling, order or judgment
               to any party who was without actual knowledge, or who relied
               upon incorrect representations by Court personnel. Such
               extension shall commence when the party first obtained actual
               knowledge and not exceed the original time limitation.

       (Emphasis added.) Our review of the CCS reveals no entry by the Clerk that

       service was made to Father. However, our review of the record also reveals

       Father made no motion to extend his time to appeal the order. We recognize

       the limitations a pro se litigant may have; however, such litigants are held to the

       same standards as trained counsel. Gunashekar v. Grose, 915 N.E.2d 953, 955

       (Ind. 2009).

[10]   Father’s failure to timely file a notice of appeal from the trial court’s order

       forfeited his right to appeal absent “extraordinarily compelling reasons.” In re

       Adoption of O.R., 16 N.E.3d at 971. Father does not offer, and we are unable to

       find, any extraordinarily compelling reasons. Therefore, this appeal is

       untimely. However, given our long-standing preference for deciding cases on

       the merits, we will consider Father’s arguments. See Teaching Our Posterity

       Success, Inc. v. Ind. Dep’t of Educ., 20 N.E.3d 149, 154 (Ind. 2014).

                                              II. Discovery
[11]   A trial court has broad discretion when ruling on issues of discovery, and we

       will reverse a trial court’s ruling on discovery matters only where the court has

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016   Page 6 of 11
       abused that discretion. Turner v. Boy Scouts of Am., 856 N.E.2d 106, 112 (Ind.

       Ct. App. 2006). An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court’s decision is

       against the logic and circumstances of the case. Id. In general, a party may

       obtain discovery regarding any matter relevant to the subject matter of the case,

       or which appears reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible

       evidence. See Ind. Trial Rule 26(B)(1).

[12]   Father appears to argue the trial court abused its discretion by granting

       Mother’s motion to compel discovery, while denying his motion.5 The

       underlying discovery dispute between the parties concerned Father’s total

       income. Throughout the modification proceedings, Father asserted his income

       was $54,000 per year.6 Mother disputed this number, claiming Father shielded

       his income by having his various dental practices and limited liability

       companies pay for his lifestyle and living expenses, and then refused to provide

       information regarding his dental practices and various companies in discovery.

       5
         We note the current litigation began because Father filed a petition to modify child support. Father then
       refused to comply with the trial court’s discovery orders, making the process of determining whether support
       should be modified extremely difficult. As of the final hearing in June 2015, Father still had not fully
       complied with the trial court’s orders. For example, at a March 12, 2015 status hearing, the trial court
       exhaustively explained to Father that financial information regarding his dental practices and limited liability
       companies is relevant to his total income and gave him thirty days to comply with all interrogatories and
       requests for production. On April 12, 2015, despite the trial court’s discovery ruling, Father responded to
       Mother’s interrogatory regarding his dental practice with: “Objection: Corporation property has no
       relevance as to any monthly income of the Respondent and is protected in Bankruptcy proceeding.”
       Mother’s Exhibit 2. On October 2, 2014, the trial court ordered the parties to exchange financial declaration
       forms by December 22. As of the hearing in June 2015, Mother still had not received Father’s forms.
       6
           Father’s Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition listed a monthly income of $13,178.39, or $158,140.68 per year.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016           Page 7 of 11
[13]   Our review reveals no abuse of discretion by the trial court. The Indiana Child

       Support Guidelines provide a very broad definition of income which includes

       actual income from employment and imputed income from “in-kind” benefits.

       See Ind. Child Support Guideline 3(A)(1). Moreover, the guidelines specifically

       state “in-kind payments received by a parent in the course of employment, self-

       employment, or operation of a business should be counted as income if they are

       significant and reduce personal living expenses.” Child Supp. G. 3(A)(2).

       Here, Mother attempted to ascertain whether Father received more income

       from his business interests than he reported on his tax returns. All of Mother’s

       discovery requests granted by the trial court were related to Father’s personal

       finances and any business he owned since 2007. The granted requests were

       relevant to Father’s total income and reasonably calculated to lead to the

       discovery of admissible evidence.

[14]   Nor did the trial court abuse its discretion in denying Father’s discovery

       requests. The central issue in this child support modification was the parties’

       income. Father requested information pertaining to Mother’s employer and

       how Mother spent her money, which the trial court denied as irrelevant. The

       trial court’s rulings on the parties’ motions to compel were not against the logic

       and circumstances of the case.

                                              III. Contempt
[15]   Father claims the trial court abused its discretion in finding him in contempt of

       court for failure to pay child support. The determination of whether a party is

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016   Page 8 of 11
       in contempt of court is a matter within the trial court’s discretion and its

       decision will only be reversed for an abuse of discretion. Piercey v. Piercey, 727

       N.E.2d 26, 31 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000). A trial court abuses its discretion when its

       decision is against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it or

       is contrary to law. Id. Contempt of court “involves disobedience of a court

       which undermines the court’s authority, justice and dignity.” Henderson v.

       Henderson, 919 N.E.2d 1207, 1210 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (citation omitted). To

       hold a party in contempt for violation of a court order, the trial court must find

       the party acted with willful disobedience. Julie C. v. Andrew C., 924 N.E.2d

       1249, 1260 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010).

[16]   Initially, we note Father’s failure to follow Indiana Rule of Appellate Procedure

       46(A)(8)(a) concerning the alleged error. Father fails to cite to a single

       authority or statute supporting his position. Further, the absence of cogent

       argument operates as a waiver of the issue on appeal. Decker v. State, 19 N.E.3d

       368, 377-78 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied.

[17]   Notwithstanding such waiver, Father argues the trial court erred in holding him

       in contempt. Specifically, he argues the contempt petition was improper

       because he filed for Chapter 13 bankruptcy and was protected by the automatic

       stay pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 362(a). See Reich v. Reich, 605 N.E.2d 1178, 1182-

       83 (Ind. Ct. App. 1993) (reversing a finding of contempt where the automatic

       stay remained in effect). We reiterate Father’s bankruptcy was dismissed on

       May 27, 2015. The trial court found Father in contempt on July 15, 2015.

       Thus, Father was no longer involved in bankruptcy proceedings and the

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016   Page 9 of 11
       automatic stay was no longer in effect. See 11 U.S.C. § 362(c)(2)(B). Moreover,

       Father had not been paying Mother child support well in advance of the

       bankruptcy proceedings and owed her over $80,000 in arrearage. Presumably,

       the State could have filed its petition for contempt before the bankruptcy

       proceedings began. We cannot say the trial court abused its discretion in

       finding Father in contempt of court.7

                                            IV. Child Support
[18]   We interpret Father’s final issue as arguing his child support order should be

       enforced in accordance with Illinois law. He asserts because he has children in

       Illinois and the Illinois child support orders were issued prior to the Indiana

       child support order, Illinois law applies. To support this argument, Father cites

       to Indiana’s version of the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (“UIFSA”).8

       Father is incorrect. UIFSA applies when a party seeks to enforce or modify a

       child support order in a state other than the state in which it originated. See

       Hamilton v. Hamilton, 914 N.E.2d 747, 751-52 (Ind. 2009) (explaining the

       development and purpose of UIFSA). His child who is the subject of this

       7
         We note the State filed its petition for contempt on March 24, 2015, while Father was still involved in
       bankruptcy proceedings. However, other than making conclusory statements that this was in error, Father’s
       arguments relating to the trial court’s finding of contempt contain zero citations to any authority or statute
       that would lead us to conclude the trial court abused its discretion. If we were to construct arguments on his
       behalf, “we would be forced to abdicate our role as an impartial tribunal and would instead become an
       advocate for one of the parties. This, clearly, we cannot do.” Shepherd v. Truex, 819 N.E.2d 457, 463 (Ind.
       Ct. App. 2004).
       8
        Father cites to Indiana Code section 31-18-2-7. This statute was repealed, effective July 1, 2015. We
       believe Father meant to reference Indiana Code section 31-18.5-2-7, where UIFSA has been re-codified.
       Regardless, UIFSA is inapplicable to this case.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016        Page 10 of 11
       litigation was born in Indiana and the 2005 child support order originated in

       Indiana. The fact Father has subsequent children in Illinois may be relevant for

       adjusting his weekly gross income, but it does not require an Indiana court to

       apply Illinois law.

                                               Conclusion
[19]   The trial court did not abuse its discretion, and we therefore affirm.

[20]   Affirmed.

       Mathias, J., and Brown, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1511-JP-2078 | September 28, 2016   Page 11 of 11