Court Opinion

ID: 4316091
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-09-27 15:16:37.945647+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:44:57.079327
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
                                                                                FILED
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                      Sep 27 2018, 7:19 am

regarded as precedent or cited before any                                       CLERK
                                                                            Indiana Supreme Court
court except for the purpose of establishing                                   Court of Appeals
                                                                                 and Tax Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
                                                          INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CHILD
Danielle Sheff
                                                          SERVICES
Sheff Law Office
Indianapolis, Indiana                                     Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
                                                          Attorney General
                                                          Katherine A. Cornelius
                                                          Deputy Attorney General
                                                          Indianapolis, Indiana
                                                          ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
                                                          CHILD ADVOCATES, INC.
                                                          Dede Kristine Connor
                                                          Child Advocates, Inc.
                                                          Indianapolis, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In re the Termination of the                              September 27, 2018
Parent-Child Relationship of                              Court of Appeals Case No.
B.K. (Minor Child) and                                    18A-JT-944
B.S. (Father)                                             Appeal from the Marion Superior
B.S. (Father),                                            Court
                                                          The Honorable Marilyn A.
Appellant-Respondent,
                                                          Moores, Judge
        v.                                                Trial Court Cause No.
                                                          49D09-1704-JT-392

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018                   Page 1 of 12
      Indiana Department of Child
      Services,
      Appellee-Petitioner,

              and

      Child Advocates, Inc.,
      Appellee-Guardian ad Litem

      Vaidik, Chief Judge.

                                            Case Summary
[1]   B.S. (“Father”) appeals the termination of his parental rights to his daughter,

      B.K. (“Child”). We affirm.

                             Facts and Procedural History
[2]   Child was born premature on March 30, 2016. At the time of birth, Child

      tested positive for methamphetamine, amphetamine, cocaine, morphine,

      codeine, and marijuana due to D.K.’s (“Mother”) drug use during pregnancy.

      Ex. 3; Tr. p. 9. Child spent approximately six weeks in the NICU due to

      withdrawal symptoms.1

      1
       When Child was released from the hospital, she was placed with A.M., who at the time was dating
      Mother’s cousin. Tr. pp. 15, 25; Ex. 18. At the time of the termination hearing, A.M. lived with her new
      girlfriend, who had custody of Child’s younger brother Br.K., and A.M. planned to adopt Child. Tr. p. 15.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018              Page 2 of 12
[3]   On April 5, 2016, while Child was still in the NICU, the Indiana Department of

      Child Services (DCS) filed a petition alleging that Child was in need of services

      (CHINS). Ex. 3. The petition alleged that Mother had exposed Child to drugs

      while pregnant and that Father “has not successfully demonstrated an ability

      and willingness to appropriately parent the child, and he is unable to ensure the

      child’s safety and well being while in the custody of [Mother].” Id. The

      petition also alleged that Father had a “substantiated history with [DCS] and a

      criminal history for drug-related charges.” Id. The address for both parents was

      listed as Brendon Park Drive in Indianapolis. Id.

[4]   An initial hearing on the CHINS petition was held the next day, April 6.

      Mother appeared, but Father did not. The juvenile court ordered DCS to

      “serve or publish as to [Father]” and reset the matter for a continued initial

      hearing on April 15. Ex. 5. In addition, Child was removed from the care of

      both parents.

[5]   Father did not appear at the April 15 hearing. According to DCS, it had an

      address for Father’s mother, but she said Father did not live with her and that

      she did not know his phone number. Ex. 8. DCS said it would “continue to

      attempt service” on Father. Id.

[6]   Another continued initial hearing was held on April 29. Again, Father did not

      appear. DCS submitted an affidavit of diligent inquiry setting forth its efforts to

      locate Father and requested a default hearing, which was set for July 29. Ex. 9.

      DCS also filed a Praecipe for Summons by Publication. Ex. 10.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018   Page 3 of 12
[7]   In the meantime, a fact-finding hearing as to Mother was held on July 1.

      Mother admitted that Child was a CHINS because she could not provide a

      drug-free home for Child. The juvenile court found that Child was a CHINS

      and ordered Mother to participate in services. Exs. 11-13.

[8]   The default hearing for Father was held on July 29. Father did not appear. The

      juvenile court found that DCS had “made diligent efforts to locate” Father. Ex.

      15. Specifically, the court found that “before April 16,” Father “got in touch

      with the FCM and was supposed to go to DCS to get served, but he did not.”

      Id. In addition, the court found that “DCS published service by notification 3

      times between the dates of 6/2/2016 and 6/16/2016,” but Father did not

      “respond[] to the publication” or contact DCS. Id. In its default order, the

      court again found that Child was a CHINS but ordered that no services were to

      be provided to Father until he “appear[ed] in court or in the [DCS] Office to

      demonstrate a desire and ability to care for [Child].” Id.

[9]   Due to Mother’s failure to participate in services and positive drug tests as well

      as Father’s failure to appear in the CHINS case, Tr. p. 12, in March 2017 the

      permanency plan for Child was changed from reunification to adoption, Ex. 18;

      Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 19. The next month, on April 27, DCS filed a

      petition to terminate Mother’s and Father’s parental rights to Child. Neither

      parent appeared at the initial hearings on April 28, May 12, and June 9. Id. at

      24, 31, 33. At the June 9 hearing, DCS requested a default hearing because of

      the parents’ failures to appear, and the court set it for September 12.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018   Page 4 of 12
[10]   Both parents appeared on September 12, and an initial hearing was held on the

       termination petition. At the hearing, Father signed a summons and notice of

       hearing, which listed his address as being on Brendon Park Drive, and the

       juvenile court appointed attorneys for both parents. Id. at 35-36. On October 6,

       Mother and Father appeared for a pretrial conference, during which Father

       requested mediation. The court ultimately set mediation for January 11, 2018,

       and a final pretrial conference for January 19, 2018. However, neither parent

       appeared at the mediation or the final pretrial conference.

[11]   A hearing was held on the termination petition on March 27, 2018. Mother

       appeared, but Father did not. Father’s attorney, who had not talked to Father

       since January, requested a continuance due to Father’s absence:

               I would be asking for a continuance at this point in time,
               obviously my client is not here. . . . [Mother] indicated this
               morning that [Father] had . . . another Court hearing in a
               criminal matter that was preventing him from being here today.
               I did check My Case to try to confirm that and was . . . unable to
               confirm that but that’s the information that she’s provided . . . .

       Tr. p. 4. The juvenile court denied Father’s request for a continuance:

               I’ll go ahead and deny your motion to continue, I mean, if it’s
               something where, you know, he has a trial downtown or
               something, I mean, he could have contacted us. But, and there’s
               documentation and I guess, you know, it[] always would be
               grounds for a motion to set aside but, we’ll go ahead and go
               through with it today.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018   Page 5 of 12
       Id. at 5. DCS then moved to dismiss Mother, because she had signed a consent

       for Child to be adopted. The court granted DCS’s motion to dismiss and

       proceeded with the hearing regarding Father.

[12]   During the hearing, evidence was presented that on March 6, just twenty-one

       days earlier, Father pled guilty to Class A misdemeanor resisting law

       enforcement and Class A misdemeanor possession of cocaine and was

       sentenced to one year suspended. Tr. pp. 6-7; Exs. 30, 32, 33, & 34.2 In

       addition, evidence was presented that Father had never seen Child since she

       was released from the hospital nearly two years earlier. Tr. p. 25.

[13]   Alicia Parker, the Family Case Manager who had been assigned the case in

       August 2016, testified about her efforts to locate Father during the CHINS

       proceedings, including leaving messages through Mother, calling him, writing

       him at the Brendon Park Drive address, and searching the DCS database

       “MaGIK” in case there was a different address for him. Id. at 17-18; see also Ex.

       8 (DCS also talked with Father’s mother). FCM Parker testified that when she

       first met Father at the initial hearing in the termination case, he “instantly

       declined” a drug screen. Tr. pp. 11, 23; see also id. at 21 (testifying that when

       she first met Father at the initial hearing, he was offered services but declined).

       In addition, FCM Parker testified that she had interacted with Father at least

       four times and that he had never once asked to see Child. Id. at 16, 19. FCM

       2
           Notably, the CCS in Father’s criminal case lists his address as being on Brendon Park Drive. Ex. 30.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018                  Page 6 of 12
       Parker concluded that it was in Child’s best interests for Father’s parental rights

       to be terminated.

[14]   Likewise, Jessica Adams, who was appointed Child’s guardian ad litem when

       the CHINS case was filed, testified that it was in Child’s best interests for

       Father’s parental rights to be terminated and for her to be adopted. GAL

       Adams explained that “throughout [her] being on this case [Father] ha[d] not

       been present or shown any willingness to want to reunify with [Child].” Id. at

       32. GAL Adams also testified that she had interacted with Father in

       connection with the CHINS hearings for his son Br.K., who was born after

       Child, but that Father had never asked about Child. Id. at 33-34, 36-37.

       Father’s attorney cross-examined both FCM Parker and GAL Adams.

[15]   Following the hearing, the juvenile court entered an order terminating Father’s

       parental rights to Child. The order provides, in relevant part:

               6. Although it was thought that [Father] resided with [Mother],
               he could not be located to be personally served and he was served
               by publication.

               7. [Child] was found to be in need of services as to [Father] on
               July 29, 2016. As part of the order, the Court found, in-part, that
               [Father] had been in contact with the IDCS prior to April 16,
               2016, and was to go to its offices to be served, but did not.

                                                     *****

               11. [Father] first appeared in court, regarding [Child], at an
               Initial Hearing in this termination action. He did not attend

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018   Page 7 of 12
        [Child’s] hearings held after that although he has attended
        CHINS proceedings pending on an after-born child[, Br.K.].

        12. [Father] was offered a drug screen which he refused.

        13. [Father] has not seen [Child] since before she was six weeks
        old, if ever.

        14. On March 6, 2018, [Father] pleaded guilty to Resisting Law
        Enforcement, and Possession of Cocaine.

        15. There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that
        resulted in [Child’s] removal and continued placement outside
        the home will not be remedied by [Father]. [Father’s] ability to
        parent remains unknown. He has demonstrated his
        unwillingness to parent by ignoring [Child] and [Child’s] CHINS
        case since knowing about it in April of 2016, or almost two years.

                                              *****

        17. [Child] has resided, and become bonded, in the same foster
        home since she was six weeks old. This placement is
        preadoptive.

        18. Termination of the parent-child relationship is in the best
        interests of [Child]. Termination would allow her to be adopted
        into the only environment and family she has known, and have
        permanency there.

                                              *****

        19. Jessica Adams has been [Child’s] Guardian ad Litem since
        the beginning of her CHINS case. She believes it to be in

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018   Page 8 of 12
               [Child’s] best interests that [Father’s] parental rights be
               terminated and [Child] be adopted.

       Appellant’s App. Vol. II pp. 78-79.

[16]   Father now appeals.

                                  Discussion and Decision
[17]   Father’s brief touches on a lot of different topics, but the gist of his argument

       appears to be that he was “improper[ly] den[ied] [the] ability to present

       evidence at the termination hearing.” Appellant’s Reply Br. p. 6; see also id. at

       7. In other words, Father claims that the juvenile court should have granted his

       motion to continue the termination hearing so that he could have presented

       evidence.

[18]   Generally, the decision to grant or deny a motion to continue is within the

       sound discretion of the trial court, and we will reverse only for an abuse of

       discretion. In re J.E., 45 N.E.3d 1243, 1246 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015), trans. denied.

       An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court’s conclusion is clearly against

       the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the court or the

       reasonable and probable deductions to be drawn therefrom. Id. When a

       motion to continue has been denied, an abuse of discretion will be found if the

       moving party has demonstrated good cause for granting the motion, but we will

       reverse the trial court’s decision only if the moving party can show that he was

       prejudiced by the denial. Id.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018   Page 9 of 12
[19]   Here, the record shows that Father appeared for hearings in the termination

       case on September 12 and October 6, 2017. A mediation was set for January

       2018 at Father’s request, but Father did not appear for that or the final pretrial

       conference. The last time Father’s attorney spoke to him was in January.

       Father did not appear at the termination hearing on March 27, 2018. Although

       Mother claimed that Father was at a hearing in his criminal case, Father’s own

       attorney said that there was no indication of this on the court docket.3

       Accordingly, the juvenile court denied the motion to continue but said that

       Father could file a motion to set aside if it turned out that he, in fact, had been

       at another hearing. Notably, the record does not indicate that a motion to set

       aside was filed after the juvenile court terminated Father’s parental rights to

       Child. Father did not show good cause to the court. Even on appeal, Father

       does not say why he did not attend the termination hearing or set forth what

       evidence he would have presented had he been present. Accordingly, we

       cannot say that the court abused its discretion in denying Father’s motion to

       continue the termination hearing.

[20]   To the extent that Father argues that his due-process rights were violated in the

       termination case because he “was not given notice of the CHINS proceedings,”

       Appellant’s Br. p. 21, we find no merit to this argument. When the State seeks

       to terminate the parent-child relationship, it must do so in a manner that meets

       3
        Indeed, according to the CCS in Father’s criminal case, there were no court proceedings after March 6,
       2018. See Ex. 30.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018             Page 10 of 12
       the requirements of due process. Hite v. Vanderburgh Cty. Office of Family &

       Children, 845 N.E.2d 175, 181 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006). Due process in parental-

       rights cases involves the balancing of three factors: (1) the private interests

       affected by the proceeding; (2) the risk of error created by the State’s chosen

       procedure; and (3) the countervailing government interest supporting use of the

       challenged procedure. Id. There is no doubt that Father’s private interest in his

       parental relationship with Child is substantial. See id. Likewise, the

       government’s countervailing interest in protecting the welfare of children is also

       substantial. See id. Thus, we focus on the risk of error.

[21]   In its termination order, the juvenile court found that although DCS was not

       able to personally serve Father in the CHINS proceedings, he was served by

       publication. Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 78; see also Ex. 15 (CHINS default

       order providing that DCS published service by notification three times). Father

       does not challenge this finding or the fact that publication is an acceptable

       method of service in CHINS cases. See In re K.D., 962 N.E.2d 1249, 1257 (Ind.

       2012) (noting that it is common for children to have absent or even unknown

       parents and in those situations DCS can serve by publication and proceed to

       default). In addition, the juvenile court found that Father knew about the

       CHINS proceedings regarding Child as early as April 2016 (the same month

       that the CHINS petition was filed) and was supposed to go to DCS’s offices to

       be served, but he did not. Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 78. Father also does not

       challenge this finding on appeal. When Father finally appeared in the

       termination case in September 2017, he declined services and never asked about

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018   Page 11 of 12
Child. And although Father did not appear at the termination hearing, he was

represented by counsel, who cross-examined DCS’s witnesses. Consequently,

because Father knew about the CHINS proceedings shortly after Child’s

CHINS case was opened and DCS served him with notice of the CHINS

proceedings by publication, there was not a substantial risk of error in the

termination case in which Father appeared during the early stages and was

represented by counsel at the hearing. See Hite, 845 N.E.2d at 184 (determining

that although the father did not receive notice of the original CHINS action or

copies of the case plans, the risk of error was not substantial because he “was

not denied the opportunity to be heard in the latter portions of the CHINS

action and in the termination proceedings”).4 We therefore affirm the juvenile

court’s order terminating Father’s parental rights to Child.

Riley, J., and Kirsch, J., concur.

4
  Father also argues that the evidence is insufficient to support the termination of his parental rights to
Child because the juvenile court “based its [f]indings as to the statutory factors for termination upon
DCS’s conjecture and speculation” that he was unable to parent. Appellant’s Reply Br. p. 6. The
juvenile court found that although Father’s parenting skills were unknown, Father had “demonstrated
his unwillingness to parent by ignoring [Child] and [Child’s] CHINS case since knowing about it in
April of 2016, or almost two years.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 79. Thus, even if Father had
parenting skills, he chose not to use them with Child. The evidence supports the termination of
Father’s parental rights to Child.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-944 | September 27, 2018                   Page 12 of 12