Court Opinion

ID: 4162792
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-04-24 20:06:10.179379+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:22:45.993358
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                           APR 24 2017
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                        No. 15-10030

              Plaintiff - Appellee,              D.C. No. 4:14-cr-00094-YGR-1

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
CLARENCE LEE ANDREWS, Clarence
Andrews, AKA Clee,

              Defendant - Appellant.

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Northern District of California
                Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers, District Judge, Presiding

                               Argued May 11, 2016
                              San Francisco, California

                        Submission Deferred July 28, 2016
                           Resubmitted April 24, 2017

Before: FARRIS, O’SCANNLAIN, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.

      Defendant Clarence Andrews appeals a 210-month sentence and $52,238.36

restitution order imposed following his guilty-plea conviction for conspiracy to

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
commit robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a). We have jurisdiction under

28 U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm the sentence but vacate the restitution order and

remand for correction of the restitution amount.

      Andrews challenges the district court’s restitution order for the first time on

appeal, so we review for plain error. See United States v. Santiago, 466 F.3d 801,

804 (9th Cir. 2006). The government proffered evidence of a robbery committed

within the undisputed dates of the conspiracy and with the same distinctive modus

operandi as several robberies to which Andrews admitted involvement. This is

enough to establish Andrews’ culpability by a preponderance of the evidence for

that robbery. United States v. Riley, 335 F.3d 919, 931 (9th Cir. 2003) (“Under [18

U.S.C.] § 3663A, in a case involving a conspiracy or scheme, restitution may be

ordered for all persons harmed by the entire scheme.”). The rental vehicle color

discrepancy pointed out by Andrews does little to cast doubt on whether the

robbery in question was committed in furtherance of the overall conspiracy.

Although restitution was not imposed in error, we remand for correction of the ten-

cent disparity between the orally pronounced restitution amount and the amount

recorded in the district court’s judgment. The oral pronouncement must control.

United States v. Kuo, 620 F.3d 1158, 1163 (9th Cir. 2010).

                                          2
      Plain error review also applies to Andrews’ argument that the district court

imposed his sentence without a sufficient factual basis. He bears the burden of

showing a reasonable probability that he would have received a different sentence

absent any error. United States v. Christensen, 732 F.3d 1094, 1102 (9th Cir.

2013). “[W]hen a defendant fails to object to the facts set forth in the [Presentence

Investigation Report], the district court is not required to make any factual

findings.” Santiago, 466 F.3d at 804. Although Andrews correctly argues that the

district court misstated some facts concerning his recruitment of others to the

conspiracy, he has failed to show that any irregularity between the facts contained

in the PSR and the facts recited by the district court at sentencing resulted in the

imposition of a greater sentence.

      Andrews received a sentencing enhancement as a career offender under

U.S.S.G. §§ 4B1.1 and 4B1.2. We review the district court’s career offender

designation de novo. United States v. Saavedra-Velazquez, 578 F.3d 1103, 1106

(9th Cir. 2009); see also United States v. Kovac, 367 F.3d 1116, 1118 (9th Cir.

2004). We reject Andrews’ argument that the residual clause of U.S.S.G. §

4B1.2(a)(2)’s definition of “crime of violence” is unconstitutionally vague. The

advisory sentencing Guidelines are not subject to vagueness challenges under the

Due Process Clause. Beckles v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 886, 890 (2017).

                                           3
Andrews waived his argument that his two prior convictions for robbery under

California Penal Code § 211 were not crimes of violence under the Guidelines,

therefore we need not address it here. See United States v. Anekwu, 695 F.3d 967,

985 (9th Cir. 2012).

      Andrews’ request for reassignment to a different judge is denied.

      AFFIRMED in part; VACATED in part; and REMANDED for minor

correction of restitution order.

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