Court Opinion

ID: 9393034
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-09 06:00:09.62613+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:50.546067
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     TROY R. THOMPSON,                               DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         PH-1221-18-0001-W-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS                          DATE: May 8, 2023
       AFFAIRS,
                 Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Troy R. Thompson, Bensalem, Pennsylvania, pro se.

           Lauren Russo, Esquire, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                               Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                Raymond A. Limon, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     dismissed his appeal as barred by a prior settlement agreement. Generally, we
     grant petitions such as this one only in the following circumstances: the initial
     decision contains erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is based

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                         2

     on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application
     of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative judge’s rulings during either
     the course of the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent with required
     procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the
     outcome of the case; or new and material evidence or legal argument is available
     that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record
     closed. Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 ( 5 C.F.R.
     § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that
     the petitioner has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting
     the petition for review. Therefore, we DENY the petition for review. Except as
     expressly MODIFIED to dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction on the basis of
     the settlement agreement and to address the appellant’s argument that the agency
     breached the agreement insofar as it relates to the enforceability of the waiver
     provision, we AFFIRM the initial decision.

                                      BACKGROUND
¶2         The appellant filed an appeal with the Board alleging that the agency had
     engaged in whistleblower retaliation. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 1 at 3. He
     attached to his appeal a copy of a November 23, 2016 notice of a proposed 7-day
     suspension. Id. at 7. He did not request a hearing. Id. at 2. Thereafter, the
     agency filed a motion to dismiss the appeal as settled per a July 7, 2017
     settlement agreement entered into between the parties in resolution of a United
     States District Court civil action. IAF, Tab 5. The administrative judge ordered
     the appellant to show cause why the appeal should not be dismissed pursuant to
     the settlement agreement. IAF, Tab 6. In response to the order, the appellant
     filed a motion to enforce the settlement agreement, alleging that the agency
     breached the agreement by not remitting his settlement payment within 45 days.
     IAF, Tab 7.
                                                                                      3

¶3        The administrative judge issued an initial decision based on the written
     record dismissing the appeal as barred by a prior settlement agreement.        IAF,
     Tab 8, Initial Decision (ID). He found that the settlement agreement included a
     comprehensive release of claims provision precluding the appellant’s appeal to
     the Board. ID at 2-3.
¶4        The appellant timely filed a petition for review. Petition for Review (PFR)
     File, Tab 1.   On review, the appellant alleges that the agency breached the
     settlement agreement by remitting the settlement payment approximately 10 days
     late and he requests the Board take “corrective action” against the agency to
     compensate him for the “financial hardship and physical injury” he suffered as a
     result of the delay. Id. at 4. The agency filed a response. PFR File, Tab 3.

                     DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶5        In considering the impact of a prior settlement agreement on a pending
     appeal, the Board will consider the agreement to determine the effect on the
     Board appeal and any waiver of Board appeal rights, even when, as here, the
     agreement was reached outside of a Board proceeding. Swidecki v. U.S. Postal
     Service, 101 M.S.P.R. 110, ¶ 7 (2006); Covington v. Department of the Army,
     85 M.S.P.R. 612, ¶¶ 10-12 (2000). To show that a waiver of appeal rights in a
     settlement agreement is unenforceable, an appellant must show the following: he
     complied with the agreement, but the agency breached it; he did not voluntarily
     enter into the agreement; or the agreement was the result of fraud or mistake.
     Covington, 85 M.S.P.R. 612, ¶ 12. A party may establish breach of the settlement
     agreement by proving that the other party acted in bad faith or failed to comply
     with the agreement in a material way. Williams v. Department of the Treasury,
     95 M.S.P.R. 547, ¶ 9 (2004). When an appellant raises a nonfrivolous factual
     issue of compliance with such a settlement agreement, the Board must resolve
     that issue before addressing the scope and applicability of a waiver of appeal
     rights in the settlement agreement. Covington, 85 M.S.P.R. 612, ¶ 12.
                                                                                            4

¶6         Here, the appellant alleges the agency breached the settlement agreement
     and requests that the Board enforce the agreement.              PFR File, Tab 1 at 4;
     IAF, Tab 7 at 4.     The appellant argues that, while he received his se ttlement
     payment of $157,500.00 from the agency, it was received approximately 10 days
     late. PFR File, Tab 1 at 4. It is undisputed that the agency issued a check to the
     appellant’s attorney on August 24, 2017. PFR File, Tab 3 at 8 . Therefore, even if
     the appellant’s allegation is true, the minor delay in remitting payment is
     insufficient to establish a material breach of the settlement agreement. See Lutz
     v. U.S. Postal Service, 485 F.3d 1377, 1381 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (“A breach is
     material when it relates to a matter of vital importance or goes to the essence of
     the   contract”   (quoting   Thomas     v.   Department    of    Housing   and    Urban
     Development, 124 F.3d 1439, 1442 (Fed. Cir. 1997))); see also Burks v.
     Department of the Interior, 93 M.S.P.R. 94, ¶ 8 (2002) (finding that a minimal
     delay in fulfilling requirements of a settlement agreement is not a material
     breach), aff’d, 85 F. App’x 217 (Fed. Cir. 2004). Thus, the appellant has not
     alleged facts that, if proven, would show a material breach of the settlement
     agreement. 2
¶7         For a waiver of appeal rights to be enforceable, its terms must also be
     comprehensive, freely made, and fair, and execution of the waiver did not result
     from agency duress or bad faith. Swidecki, 101 M.S.P.R. 110, ¶ 17. In deciding
     whether the appellant freely and voluntarily entered into the settlement
     agreement, the Board will consider whether he was represented, whether he has
     demonstrated that he was mentally impaired when the agreement was reached,

     2
       Moreover, as the administrative judge correctly found, this settlement agreement was
     entered into in a case before the United States District Court, not in a Board appeal. ID
     at 3. Thus, the Board may not address the appellant’s allegation that the agency
     breached the settlement agreement and take “corrective action” against the agency
     because the Board has no authority to enforce a settlement agreement reached in
     another forum. Johnson v. U.S. Postal Service, 108 M.S.P.R. 502, ¶ 8 n.5 (2008), aff’d,
     315 F. App’x 274 (Fed. Cir. 2009); see Swidecki, 101 M.S.P.R. 110, ¶ 26.
                                                                                        5

     and whether he has otherwise shown that he was unable to understand the nature
     of the settlement agreement fully. Id. Here, as noted by the administrative judge,
     the appellant was represented by his attorney, and both the appellant and his
     attorney signed the settlement agreement.        IAF, Tab 5 at 10; ID at 2.     Such
     representation is significant in determining the validity of a waiver of appeal
     rights. Clede v. Department of the Air Force, 72 M.S.P.R. 279, 285 (1996), aff’d,
     113 F.3d 1257 (Fed. Cir. 1997) (Table).           The agreement also specifically
     provided, and the appellant has not alleged otherwise, that he was mentally
     competent and entered into the agreement voluntarily, without duress or
     pressures. IAF, Tab 5 at 8.
¶8        Because the appellant has not shown that the agency breached the
     settlement agreement or that it was invalid, we next address the scope and
     applicability of the waiver of appeal rights in the agreement. See Rhett v. U.S.
     Postal Service, 113 M.S.P.R. 178, ¶ 17 (2010); Covington, 85 M.S.P.R. 612, ¶ 12.
     We agree with the administrative judge and find that the July 6, 2017 settlement
     agreement includes an explicit waiver of the appellant’s Board appeal rights.
     Here, the agreement provided that the parties:
           [w]ish to . . . settle and compromise fully any and all claims and
           issues that have been raised, or could have been raised, arising out of
           [the appellant’s] employment with the [agency] prior to the
           execution of this Agreement.
     IAF, Tab 5 at 4.
     Moreover, the agreement states that the appellant:
           [r]eleases and forever discharges . . . [the agency], their past and
           present respective officers, agents, and employees, from any and all
           claims, demands, suits, rights, damages, union charges,
           administrative remedies (including but not limited to Merit Systems
           Protection Board or Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
           filings), and causes of action and grievances of any and every kind,
           nature, and character, known or unknown, which [the appellant] may
           now have or has ever had against the [agency], or any of its officers,
           agents, and employees, which arose in whole or in part from [the
           appellant’s] employment relationship with the [agency].
                                                                                            6

      Id. at 5-6.
¶9            This language constitutes a clear and unequivocal waiver of the appellant’s
      right to appeal the alleged personnel actions at issue in his appeal. IAF, Tab 1
      at 5.   In addition, in exchange for his voluntary waiver of appeal rights, the
      appellant received consideration from the agency in the form of a lump sum
      payment of $157,500.00. See Swidecki, 101 M.S.P.R. 110, ¶ 23 (explaining that,
      for a waiver of Board appeal rights to be enforceable, the agency must provide
      some consideration to the appellant in exchange for the waiver); IAF, Tab 5 at 5.
¶10           Because, for the reasons noted above, the appellant has not shown that this
      waiver is unenforceable, we conclude that the Board lacks jurisdiction over his
      appeal on the basis of the settlement agreement. See Rhett, 113 M.S.P.R. 178,
      ¶ 17.

                               NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 3
              The initial decision, as supplemented by this Final Order, constitutes the
      Board’s final decision in this matter.      5 C.F.R. § 1201.113.      You may obtain
      review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By statute, the nature of
      your claims determines the time limit for seeking such review and the appropriate
      forum with which to file. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b). Although we offer the following
      summary of available appeal rights, the Merit Systems Protection Board does not
      provide legal advice on which option is most appropriate f or your situation and
      the rights described below do not represent a statement of how courts will rule
      regarding which cases fall within their jurisdiction. If you wish to seek review of
      this final decision, you should immediately review the law applicable to your
      claims and carefully follow all filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file

      3
        Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
      the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
      Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                   7

within the applicable time limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your
chosen forum.
      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices o f review
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions
about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.          5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the fo llowing
address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of partic ular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
                                                                                  8

      (2) Judicial   or   EEOC    review    of   cases   involving   a   claim   of
discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court (not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.    5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. 420 (2017). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the district court no later than 30 calendar days after your representative
receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of discrimination based on
race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling condition, you may be
entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and to waiver of any
requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security.         See 42 U.S.C.
§ 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, th e
address of the EEOC is:
                                                                                      9

                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                  P.O. Box 77960
                             Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant     to   the   Whistleblower       Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in
section 2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or
2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial
review either with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court
of appeals of competent jurisdiction. 4 The court of appeals must receive your
petition for review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.
5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(B).

4
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115 -195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                                10

      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                             U.S. Court of Appeals
                             for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                            Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:                                    /s/ for
                                          Jennifer Everling
                                          Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.