Court Opinion

ID: 9898475
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-14 19:30:57.045949+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:15:07.593425
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

 THE STATE OF WASHINGTON,
                                                     No. 84082-7-I
                  Respondent,
                                                     DIVISION ONE
                  v.
                                                     UNPUBLISHED OPINION
 ANTHONY MICHAEL CLAYBORN,

                  Appellant.

          BIRK, J. — A jury acquitted Anthony Clayborn of first degree assault and

convicted him of unlawful possession of a firearm in the first degree. The superior

court entered a no-contact order barring Clayborn from having contact for 10 years

with Davon Bash, the victim of a shooting that formed the basis for the assault

charge. Clayborn argues the court lacked statutory authority to impose a no-

contact order based on the possession conviction, as to which Bash was not a

victim.     But because Bash gave some testimony supportive of the unlawful

possession conviction, he was a witness as to that charge and the no-contact order

was authorized. We affirm.

                                            I

          Following a shooting that injured Bash inside a trailer adjacent to a Seattle

park, the State charged Clayborn with first degree assault and first degree unlawful

possession of a firearm.
No. 84082-7-I/2

       At trial, Bash testified Clayborn wielded two guns. Bash testified he saw

Clayborn with the gun in Clayborn’s right hand, and Clayborn shot him once in the

stomach through a screen door of the trailer. Bash claimed the shooter departed

and Bash did not see him again, but he heard a second gunshot that came from

across the street. The second gunshot was not as loud as the first shot, and Bash

heard it “like a minute, maybe not even that” after the first shot. Bash testified he

thought Clayborn “was still shooting at me.”

       Clayborn testified he lived in a tent in the park and was across the street

when he heard a gunshot by the trailers. He saw Juan Brooks run up to him with

a gun in each hand. Brooks pushed the guns towards him, Clayborn pushed them

back, Brooks told Clayborn to “take this,” and the two pushed the guns back and

forth. During the struggle, a gun discharged into Clayborn’s right leg. Brooks

transported Clayborn to a hospital. Clayborn admitted he was prohibited from

possessing a firearm because of a prior criminal conviction.

       Seattle police officer Tyler Speer observed Clayborn in the hospital with

three wounds on his right thigh.      Officer Speer testified Clayborn’s wounds

appeared to be gunshot wounds.

       The jury found Clayborn not guilty of first degree assault and guilty of

unlawful possession of a firearm. The jury answered “[n]o” in response to the

special verdict question: “Was the defendant ANTHONY MICHAEL CLAYBORN

armed with a firearm at the time of the commission of the crime in Count One?”

                                         2
No. 84082-7-I/3

         At sentencing, Clayborn objected to the State’s request for a no-contact

order protecting Bash. Clayborn argued, “Mr. Bash isn’t a[n] alleged victim in the

case here. There’s no nexus between him and unlawful possession of a firearm.”

The superior court acknowledged that Bash “was clearly the victim” as to the

assault charge and that the jury found Clayborn not guilty of that charge.

Acknowledging concerns about the connection to the possession charge, the

superior court stated, “[S]hortly after” Bash was shot, “Clayborn had a gun that he

wasn’t supposed to have and he shot himself, and so I’m taking the totality of what

was occurring and I’m imposing the no-contact order.”

         The superior court sentenced Clayborn to 17.5 months in confinement and

entered a no-contact order ordering Clayborn to not have contact with Bash for a

maximum term of 10 years. Clayborn appeals, challenging only the no-contact

order.

                                          II

         Clayborn argues the superior court exceeded its authority when it entered

the no-contact order prohibiting Clayborn from contacting Bash.          Clayborn

contends the order was not a crime-related prohibition because Bash did not see

Clayborn shoot his own leg and therefore was not a witness in regard to the

unlawful possession charge. We disagree.

         A superior court may impose only a sentence that is authorized by statute.

In re Postsentence Rev. of Leach, 161 Wn.2d 180, 184, 163 P.3d 782 (2007).

                                          3
No. 84082-7-I/4

Sentencing provisions outside the authority of the court are “ ‘illegal’ ” or

“ ‘invalid.’ ” State v. Smissaert, 103 Wn.2d 636, 639, 694 P.2d 654 (1985) (quoting

State v. Luke, 42 Wn.2d 260, 262, 254 P.2d 718 (1953); State v. Pringle, 83 Wn.2d

188, 193-94, 517 P.2d 192 (1973)). “Although we review the imposition of crime-

related prohibitions for abuse of discretion, we review whether the sentencing court

had the statutory authority to impose a sentencing condition de novo.” State v.

McWilliams, 177 Wn. App. 139, 150, 311 P.3d 584 (2013). The question here is

whether the superior court had statutory authority to impose the no-contact order,

so de novo is the appropriate standard of review. State v. Armendariz, 160 Wn.2d

106, 110, 156 P.3d 201 (2007).

       RCW 9.94A.505(9) authorizes the court to impose “crime-related

prohibitions.” This authority includes “orders prohibiting conduct directly relating

to the circumstances of an offender’s crime,” including “no-contact orders

regarding witnesses.” Id. at 113. A “crime-related prohibition” is “an order of a

court prohibiting conduct that directly relates to the circumstances of the crime for

which the offender has been convicted.” RCW 9.94A.030(10). “Directly related”

includes conditions that are reasonably related to the crime. State v. Irwin, 191

Wn. App. 644, 656, 364 P.3d 830 (2015).

       Bash provided testimony relevant to the unlawful possession charge, not

solely the assault charge. Bash testified he saw Clayborn holding a gun. Bash

further testified he heard a gunshot from across the street no more than a minute

                                         4
No. 84082-7-I/5

after the first gunshot struck him. Bash believed the shooter was still firing at him.

Clayborn’s testimony confirms the second gunshot Bash heard struck Clayborn’s

right leg. Accordingly, Bash was a witness who provided testimony relevant to the

unlawful possession charge and the no-contact order was an authorized crime-

related prohibition.

       Affirmed.

WE CONCUR:

                                          5