Court Opinion

ID: 4165588
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-05-03 12:19:41.333988+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:24:31.554848
License: Public Domain

Affirmed in part; Reverse and Remand in part; and Opinion Filed April 26, 2017

                                        S   In The
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                     No. 05-15-01456-CV

                          IN THE INTEREST OF T.J.S., A CHILD

                      On Appeal from the 255th Judicial District Court
                                   Dallas County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. DF-04-00553

                             MEMORANDUM OPINION
                          Before Justices Francis, Brown, and Schenck
                                   Opinion by Justice Francis
       Father appeals the trial court’s modification order in a suit affecting the parent-child

relationship and judgment for child support arrearage. In four issues, Father contends the trial

court erred by (1) failing to make findings of fact and conclusions of law, (2) denying him due

process by continuing the hearing in the absence of appellant’s counsel, (3) failing to address

possession and custody issues in the judgment, and (4) ordering more than 50% of his disposable

earnings withheld for child support and arrearage payments. We sustain Father’s issue regarding

the child support and arrearage payments but overrule all other issues. We remand to the trial

court for further proceedings.

       Mother and Father divorced in 2004. Custody of their minor son, T.J.S., was given to

Mother, and Father was ordered to pay monthly child support of $329. Ten years later, Mother

filed a motion to confirm child support arrearages of more than $48,000 and a separate petition

to modify the parent-child relationship to appoint her as sole managing conservator and to
increase Father’s child support obligation to meet statutory guidelines.1 Father filed an answer

and countersuit, which he subsequently amended and supplemented several times, seeking to

modify conservatorship to name him as the parent with the exclusive right to designate T.J.S.’s

primary residence, for child support, and for reimbursement against the child support arrearage.

Alternatively, he asked the trial court to decrease his monthly support payments.

           A hearing on the motions and petitions began on June 25, 2014. Both Mother and Father

testified about matters related to the arrearage, Father’s earnings, and why each believed T.J.S.

should live with him or her. At the conclusion of their testimony, the trial court instructed the

parties to return to court at 9 a.m. August 14, which would give the AG’s office time to calculate

the arrearage. In the meantime, the trial court ordered that a $500 disability benefit Father

received for T.J.S. from Social Security be redirected to Mother for the months of June, July, and

August. The court also ordered Father not to drive with T.J.S. in the car until he obtained a

driver’s license.

           When the hearing began on August 14, neither Father nor Father’s counsel were present.

The AG produced evidence of the amount of arrearage. At the conclusion of the hearing, the

trial judge noted she had interviewed T.J.S. The judge then found it was in the child’s best

interest for the parents to remain joint managing conservators with the Mother determining

primary residence in Dallas County. She ordered the $500 disability benefit redirected to Mother

and ordered Father to pay $1,000 on the arrearage. The trial court’s written judgment left the

custody arrangements unchanged, increased Father’s child support obligation to $500 a month,

confirmed an arrearage of $53,874.91, ordered Father to pay $1,000 each month until the total

     1
       Five months earlier, the Office of the Attorney General filed suit for modification of support to increase Father’s obligation and a motion
to confirm arrearages of more than $48,000.

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arrearage and interest are paid in full, and denied all relief not expressly granted. Father

appealed.

       We begin with Father’s third issue in which he complains the trial court failed to address

“any of the issues related to child custody and possession.” Father argues he pleaded for the

original decree to be modified to (1) appoint him joint managing conservator with the right to

designate the child’s primary residence, (2) include temporary orders, and (3) include a mutual

injunction enjoining the parties from entering upon each other’s property. He contends the trial

court “utterly failed to address any issue other than child support arrearages.”

       The order in this case specifically named Mother and Father joint managing conservators

and gave Mother the right to designate the child’s primary residence. It also made provisions for

child support and confirmed the arrearage. In its final paragraph, the order stated: “IT IS

ORDERED that all relief requested in this case and not expressly granted is denied.” Thus,

contrary to appellant’s assertion otherwise, the plain language of the order resolved all issues in

the case, including Father’s request for custody. We overrule the third issue.

       In his first issue, Father contends the trial court erred by failing to make findings of fact

and conclusions of law, although timely requested.

       A party may request the trial court to state its findings of fact and conclusions of law in

writing following a bench trial. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 296. If findings of fact and conclusions are

properly requested, the trial court has a mandatory duty to file them. See Cherne Indus., Inc. v.

Magallanes, 763 S.W.2d 768, 772 (Tex. 1989). On appeal, it is appellant’s burden to show

reversible error. Meachum v. Comm’n for Lawyer Discipline, 36 S.W.3d 612, 615 (Tex. App.—

Dallas 2000, pet. denied).

       In his brief, Father sets forth the proper procedure for requesting findings of fact and

conclusions of law as set out in the rules of civil procedure. See TEX. RS. CIV. P. 296, 297.

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Father then asserts the trial court failed to comply with the procedure after he made his request

and complains he has been prevented from “properly briefing certain issues.” He does not,

however, identify any specific issue he has been unable to brief nor has he advanced any

argument illustrating how he sustained any specific harm as a result of the trial court’s failure to

submit such findings and conclusions. Rather, he complains the trial court failed to rule on

“custody issues” that were properly pleaded. We have previously concluded that the trial court’s

order resolved all issues, including custody. Because Father has failed to identify any issue on

which he needed findings, we overrule his first issue.

       In his second issue, Father contends the trial court denied him due process by going

forward with the trial on August 14 in the absence of his counsel, who he asserts was at a hearing

in another courtroom.

       Within the body of this issue, Father quotes and summarizes portions of two cases,

Dolgencorp of Texas, Inc. v. Lerma, 288 S.W.3d 922 (Tex. 2009) and United States Gov’t v.

Marks, 949 S.W.2d 320 (Tex. 1997), but he does not apply either to the facts of this case. Other

than a reference to an “off the record” bench conference, Father makes no attempt to outline the

particular facts he relies on for this issue or provide record citations; accordingly, we conclude

his issue is inadequately briefed. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1.

       Nevertheless, we have reviewed the record before us. At best, it reveals Father’s counsel,

who had notice of the hearing in this case, also had a hearing in another court, presumably at or

near the same time, but there is nothing to show that Father’s counsel notified either judge of the

conflict prior to the date of the hearings, sought a continuance of one of the settings, or sought

any other timely relief. Rather, the record suggests Father’s counsel elected to forego his

appearance in this case so that he could attend the hearing in the second court. To the extent

                                                –4–
Father suggests the judge engaged in improper ex parte communications by going forward with

the hearing, he is incorrect.

       The Texas Code of Judicial Conduct provides that, except as provided by law, a judge

shall not directly or indirectly initiate, permit, or consider ex parte communications or other

communications concerning the merits of a pending or impending judicial proceeding. See TEX.

CODE JUD. CONDUCT, Canon 3 B(8). Ex parte communications are “those that involve fewer

than all of the parties who are legally entitled to be present during the discussion of the matter.

They are barred in order to ensure that ‘every person who is legally interested in a proceeding [is

given the] full right to be heard according to law.’” In re Thoma, 873 S.W.2d 477, 496 (Tex.

Rev. Trib. 1994) (quoting Jeffrey M. Shaman, et. al, JUDICIAL CONDUCT AND ETHICS, § 6.01 at

145 (1990)).

       Here, Father and his counsel were given notice at the June hearing that the hearing would

reconvene at 9 a.m. August 14. Consequently, both were given notice of the hearing at which

time they had the “full right” to be heard. That neither took advantage of the opportunity does

not transform an otherwise properly noticed hearing into an improper ex parte proceeding. We

overrule the third issue.

       In his fourth issue, Father argues the trial court erred by exceeding the amount that can be

withheld from his earnings for current support and arrearages.

       Section 158.009 of the Texas Family Code sets out the maximum amount that can be

withheld from an obligor’s disposable earnings. The statute provides: “An order or writ of

withholding shall direct that any employer of the obligor withhold from the obligor’s disposable

earnings the amount specified up to a maximum of 50 percent of the obligor’s disposable

earnings.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 158.009 (West 2014). This provision applies to both current

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child support and arrearage payments. See In re M.E.G., 48 S.W.3d 204, 210 (Tex. App.—

Corpus Christi 2000, no pet.).

       Father testified he received about $2,300 each month in disability benefits from Social

Security and the Veteran’s Administration as well as an additional $500 Social Security

disability payment for T.J.S.’s benefit, totaling $2,800 monthly. The trial court ordered Father to

pay $500 per month in child support, which is 17.8% of his earnings; adding $1,000 each month

to reduce the arrearage increases that percentage to 53.5%. Because the arrearage payments

exceed the permissible percentage to be withheld from Father’s earnings, we conclude the trial

court abused its discretion in determining the amount of monthly payments. We sustain the

fourth issue.

       We reverse the portion of the trial court’s judgment setting arrearage payments and

remand to the trial court to set an amount in accordance with section 158.009 of the family code.

We affirm the judgment in all other respects.

                                                      /Molly Francis/
                                                      MOLLY FRANCIS
                                                      JUSTICE

151456F.P05

                                                –6–
                                         S
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                        JUDGMENT

IN THE INTEREST OF T.J.S., A CHILD                   On Appeal from the 255th Judicial District
                                                     Court, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-15-01456-CV          V.                       Trial Court Cause No. DF-04-00553.
                                                     Opinion delivered by Justice Francis;
                                                     Justices Brown and Schenck participating.

        In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED in part and REVERSED in part. We REVERSE that portion of the trial court’s
judgment ordering Steven Norris Shaw to pay $1,000 each month on a child support arrearage
and REMAND to the trial court to set the amount of arrearage payment in accordance with
section 158.009 of the family code. In all other respects, the trial court’s judgment is
AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that each party bear its own costs of this appeal.

Judgment entered April 26, 2017.

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