Court Opinion

ID: 2865885
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-06 01:00:55.093344+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:34:50.595668
License: Public Domain

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-01-00010-CR

Wesley Dean DeShon, Appellant

v.

The State of Texas, Appellee

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BURNET COUNTY, 33RDJUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. 9031, HONORABLE FRANK J. MALONEY, JR., JUDGE PRESIDING

	Appellant Wesley Dean DeShon was convicted in a jury trial of the felony offense
of criminal mischief having caused a pecuniary loss of property of the value of fifteen
hundred dollars or more but less than twenty thousand dollars.  See Tex. Pen. Code Ann.
§ 28.03(a)(1), (b)(4)(A) (West Supp. 2002).  The trial court assessed appellant's punishment at
imprisonment in a state jail facility for one year.  Imposition of the sentence was suspended and
appellant was granted community supervision for a period of five years; the conditions of probation
include confinement in the county jail for thirty days and a requirement that appellant make
restitution to the owners of the property destroyed in the amount of twenty thousand dollars to be
paid over the period of probation in equal monthly installments.
	Appellant challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence; also, he claims
that the evidence is insufficient because the testimony of the accomplice witness was not sufficiently
corroborated.  In addition, appellant complains of: (1) the trial court's refusal to quash the
indictment, (2) the admission of evidence relating to the measure of pecuniary loss, (3) the
requirement that he make restitution, and (4) the jury charge.  We will affirm the judgment.
	The application paragraph of the jury charge, tracking the indictment, charged the jury
that:

		Now bearing in mind the foregoing instructions, if you believe from the
evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant, Wesley Dean Deshon, on or
about the 7th day of September, 1999, in the County of Burnet, and State of Texas,
as alleged in the indictment, either acting alone or with another, did then and there
intentionally or knowingly destroy tangible property, to wit: TREES

		by cutting and bulldozing down trees owned by Richard Scharinger, without
the effective consent of Richard Scharinger, and did thereby cause a pecuniary loss
in the amount of $20,000 or more but less than $100,000; or,

		by directing that trees owned by Richard Scharinger be cut and bulldozed
down, without the effective consent of Richard Scharinger, and did thereby cause a
pecuniary loss in the amount of $20,000 or more but less than $100,000; or,

		by instructing Johnny Brown to cut and bulldoze down trees without the
effective consent of Richard Scharinger, and did thereby cause a pecuniary loss in the
amount of $20,000 or more but less than $100,000; or,

		by paying for trees owned by Richard Scharinger to be cut and bulldozed
down, without the effective consent of Richard Scharinger, and did thereby cause a
pecuniary loss in the amount of $20,000 or more but less than $100,000; as alleged
in the indictment, you will find the defendant guilty of the offense of criminal
mischief as alleged in the indictment, and so say by your verdict, but if you do not so
believe, or if you have a reasonable doubt thereof, you will consider the following:

		If you find beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed criminal
mischief as alleged in the indictment but you fail to find beyond a reasonable doubt
that the pecuniary loss, if any, caused was in the amount of $20,000 or more but less
than $100,000, but you find beyond a reasonable doubt that the pecuniary loss was
in the amount of $1500 or more but less than $20,000, then you will find the
defendant guilty of the offense of criminal mischief in said amount and so say by
your verdict.

	The jury found appellant guilty of the lesser included offense of causing a pecuniary
loss of fifteen hundred dollars or more but less than twenty thousand dollars.

Sufficiency of the Evidence

A.

	In his first point of error, appellant insists that the evidence is legally insufficient to
support the jury's verdict for four reasons.  First, there is no evidence that anything, other than two
dead trees, were destroyed outside of appellant's land and easement.  Second, there is no evidence
that appellant instructed the destruction of anything other than two dead trees, outside of appellant's
land and easement.  Third, there is no evidence that the pecuniary loss, if any, suffered by the
Scharingers was fifteen hundred dollars or more but less than twenty thousand dollars.  Finally, the
State failed to prove pecuniary loss based on fair market value or that fair market value could not be
established.
	In reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, the relevant question is whether,
after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact
could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.  Jackson v.
Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); Patrick v. State, 906 S.W.2d 481, 486 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995);
Aiken v. State, 36 S.W.3d 131, 132 (Tex. App.--Austin 2000, pet. ref'd).  The standard of review
is the same whether the evidence is direct or circumstantial, or both.  See Kutzner v. State, 994
S.W.2d 180, 184 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999); Banda v. State, 890 S.W.2d 42, 50 (Tex. Crim. App.
1994).  All of the evidence that the jury was permitted, properly or improperly, to consider must be
taken into account in determining the legal sufficiency of the evidence.  Garcia v. State, 919 S.W.2d
370, 378 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994); see also, Johnson v. State, 871 S.W.2d 183, 186 (Tex. Crim. App.
1993); Rodriguez v. State, 939 S.W.2d 211, 218 (Tex. App.--Austin 1997, no pet.).
	Richard and Patricia Scharinger owned a 9.62-acre tract of land in the Lake Marble
Falls Subdivision in Burnet County.  Appellant owned a 4.96-acre tract of land that adjoined the
Scharingers' property.  Between the two tracts of land was a fifty-foot road easement.  An unsurfaced
dirt road less than twelve feet wide was located within the half of the easement adjacent to
appellant's property.  Except for the narrow road, both pieces of property and the easement were
covered with native trees and brush.  The Scharingers' property was between appellant's property
and Lake Marble Falls.  On Labor Day 1999, when they came to inspect their property, the
Scharingers observed piles of trees and brush and discovered that an area of approximately 30,000
square feet of their land had been cleared without their permission.
	Appellant employed Johnny Brown to clear his tract of land and allowed Brown to
employ his thirteen-year-old son Timmy, R.V. Turney, and John Wilcox to assist him.  Appellant
rented heavy equipment--a track loader--for Brown to use in bulldozing and piling the trees and
brush to be burned.  There were inconsistencies in Johnny Brown's testimony.  He testified that
appellant told him to take down two trees that were on the Scharingers' property so that appellant
and his wife could "see the lake real good."  Brown vacillated in his testimony whether the trees
were dead or alive.  Brown also testified that, "Before you couldn't see the water, just the very tip
of it.  When I got done, you could see the lake real good. . . .  He [appellant] didn't really say to do
this and do that.  He said he wanted to see the water."
	Timmy Brown testified that appellant showed Johnny Brown where he was going to
build his house.  Further, Timmy testified that appellant told Johnny Brown that "me [sic] and my
wife can't see the lake and so could you go over there and clear some property so I can have a view."
	Appellant's wife, Melanie DeShon testified (1) that she was a "Texas Certified
Nurseryman Professional," and that she was familiar with the property she and appellant owned and
the property the Scharingers' owned.  She testified that "originally, before it was cleared, there was
a very small portion of the lake" that could be seen from the property she and her husband owned. 
"We had to climb up into the truck and on top of a tool box to get a very good view of the lake." 
However, "[a]fter it was cleared, it was just dramatic.  You could see a wide expansion, a very large
area . . . of the lake."  She also testified that the clearing extended at least 250 feet into Scharingers'
property--approximately seven times the width of the easement.
	Don Gardner, a consulting arborist and a member of the International Society of
Arboriculture and the American Society of Consulting Arborists, was qualified and testified as an
expert witness.  Gardner testified that when he inspected the Scharingers' property, he saw three
"sizeable piles" of native trees and observed a "cleared swath . . . right through very nicely wooded
areas."  By using a "sample plot" method of comparing the cleared area to the undisturbed strips of
property on either side of the cleared area, Gardner determined the number, sizes, and kinds of trees
that had been cleared.  Gardner testified that the trees destroyed did not have a fair market value, but
the replacement value of the trees destroyed was between thirty-five and forty thousand dollars.
	Richard Scharinger testified that over one hundred trees on his property had been
destroyed.  The direct and circumstantial evidence when viewed in the light most favorable to the
prosecution supports a rational finding that the essential elements of the charged offense were proved
beyond a reasonable doubt.  The verdict of the jury, the finder of fact, is supported by legally
sufficient evidence.  Appellant's first point of error is overruled.

B.

	In his second point of error, appellant asserts that the evidence is factually insufficient
to support the jury's verdict.  In a factual sufficiency review, we are required to give deference to the
jury's verdict and examine all of the evidence impartially, setting aside the jury verdict "only if it is
so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust."  Cain
v. State, 958 S.W.2d 404, 410 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997); Clewis v. State, 922 S.W.2d 126, 129 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1996).  The complete and correct standard a reviewing court must follow to conduct a
Clewis factual sufficiency review is to determine whether a neutral review of all of the evidence,
both for and against the finding, demonstrates that the proof of guilt is so obviously weak as to
undermine confidence in the jury's determination, or the proof of guilt, although adequate if taken
alone, is greatly outweighed by contrary proof.  Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 11 (Tex. Crim. App.
2000).
	The only evidence offered by the defense was documentary evidence and
photographic exhibits of appellant's and the Scharingers' property.  Here, as he did in arguing the
legal insufficiency of the evidence, appellant argues the State failed to show that trees were destroyed
on the Scharingers' property.  Appellant relies in part on the testimony of Johnny Brown and R.V.
Turney and contends that, other than two dead trees, no trees were destroyed on the Scharingers'
property.  In our discussion of legal sufficiency, we have already considered the accomplice witness
Johnny Brown's testimony, which may be construed to show he bulldozed down more than two dead
trees.  We will now consider Turney's testimony.
	R.V. Turney testified he only saw Johnny Brown knock down two dead trees on the
Scharingers' property.  However, Turney also testified that on one occasion he saw Johnny Brown
"go 200 feet or more" across the right-of-way from appellant's property.  Also, "[a]fter [Johnny
Brown] went back and got on the track loader, he went well inside of the, what I would call the right-of-way, well into the adjoining property."
	The testimony of Jimmy Brown, Melanie DeShon, Don Gardner, and Richard
Scharinger was summarized in our discussion of the legal sufficiency; their testimony is sufficient
to show that numerous trees outside of the easement were destroyed on the Scharingers' property.
	Also, appellant attacks the State's proof of pecuniary loss and insists that the State's
proof is woefully deficient.  Appellant contends that the State failed to show the fair market value
of the trees destroyed or that they had no market value before proving replacement value.  Appellant
argues that the pecuniary loss should be determined by the difference in the fair market value of the
land before and after the trees were destroyed.  At trial, the judge disagreed with this argument; we
also disagree.  It was alleged that the growing trees were destroyed.  Don Gardner, the consulting
arborist, testified that the trees destroyed had no market value and testified about their replacement
value.
	After examining all of the evidence impartially and giving deference to the jury's
verdict, we conclude that the jury's verdict is not so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the
evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust.  Moreover, from our neutral review of all of the evidence
both for and against the jury's verdict, we find it fails to show that the proof of appellant's guilt is
so obviously weak as to undermine confidence in the jury's determination, or that the proof of guilt,
although adequate if taken alone, is greatly outweighed by contrary proof.  The evidence is factually
sufficient to support the jury's verdict.  Appellant's second point of error is overruled.

C.

	In his fourth point of error, appellant urges that the evidence is not "legally sufficient
to sustain the conviction when applying the accomplice witness rule."  A conviction cannot be had
upon the testimony of an accomplice witness unless corroborated by other evidence tending to
connect the defendant with the offense committed; and the corroboration is not sufficient if it merely
shows the commission of the offense.  See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.14 (West 1979).  The
trial court charged the jury that Johnny Brown was an accomplice witness as a matter of law.
	The test for sufficient corroboration is to eliminate from consideration the testimony
of the accomplice witness and then to examine the other inculpatory evidence to ascertain whether
the remaining evidence tends to connect the defendant with the offense.  Burks v. State, 876 S.W.2d
877, 887 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994).  The non-accomplice evidence does not have to directly link
appellant to the crime nor does it alone have to establish appellant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt;
rather, the non-accomplice evidence merely has to connect appellant to the offense.  Id.; Reed v.
State, 744 S.W.2d 112, 126 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988).  Eliminating Johnny Brown's testimony, we
may consider the testimony of Melanie DeShon and Timmy Brown.
	On cross-examination, Melanie DeShon testified that she and appellant discussed who
should be employed to clear their property but appellant did the hiring and paid for the clearing of
the property by check.  Appellant proudly showed Melanie how the clearing done on the
Scharingers' property greatly enhanced the view of the lake from their property.
	Timmy Brown testified:

	Q:  	Did you ever hear Mr. DeShon discussing working across the side, the other side
of the Rocky Road in order to effect a view of the lake.

	Yes, sir.

	What, what did you hear him say?

	Well, he said -- showed my dad where he was going to build the house.

 
		And he said, me and my wife can't see the lake and so could you go over there 
and clear some property so I can have a view.

* * * * *

	Where were you all standing when you heard him say that?

	I think it was like in between the driveway of Mr. Dean DeShon's property and
where he was going to build the house.

	Were you all looking down toward the lake at that point?

	Yes, sir.  We were looking toward the property and towards the lake.

	Did you ever hear him say anything else, instructing your dad to bulldoze across the
road?

	No.  He just told him go back over there, clear some more property.  I don't remember
if it was the same day or the following day but he told him he still couldn't, didn't have
a clear view, go do some more.

	Mr. DeShon said that?

	Yes, sir.

	To who?

 

	My dad.

	The testimony of Melanie DeShon and Timmy Brown shows appellant was on the
scene before the Scharingers' property was cleared and that he instructed Johnny Brown, his
employee, to improve the view of the lake from his property.  After trees had been cleared from
Scharingers' property, appellant took Melanie to their property and expressed his pleasure that his
view of the lake had been significantly improved after Scharingers' property had been cleared.  The
direct and circumstantial evidence furnished by the non-accomplice witnesses tend to connect
appellant to the commission of the offense and satisfies the test for corroborating the accomplice
witness testimony of Johnny Brown.  Appellant's fourth point of error is overruled.

The Indictment
	In his third point of error, appellant asserts that the trial court erred in denying his
motions to quash the indictment.  In the indictment, it is alleged that:

 WESLEY DEAN DESHON, hereinafter referred to as Defendant, on or about the 7th
day of September, 1999, and before the presentment of this Indictment, in the County
of BURNET, and the State of Texas, did then and there intentionally and knowingly
damage and destroy tangible property, to wit: TREES,

	PARAGRAPH A

		by cutting and bulldozing down said trees, without the effective consent of
RICHARD SCHARINGER, the owner, and did thereby cause a pecuniary
loss in the amount of $20,000 or more but less than $100,000,

	PARAGRAPH B

		by directing that the said trees be cut and bulldozed down, without the
effective consent of RICHARD SCHARINGER, the owner, and did thereby
cause a pecuniary loss in the amount of $20,000 or more but less than
$100,000,

	PARAGRAPH C

		by instructing Johnny Brown to cut and bulldoze down said trees, without the
effective consent of RICHARD SCHARINGER, the owner, and did thereby
cause a pecuniary loss in the amount of $20,000 or more but less than
$100,000,

	PARAGRAPH D

		by paying for said trees to be cut and bulldozed down, without the effective
consent of RICHARD SCHARINGER, the owner, and did thereby cause a
pecuniary loss in the amount of $20,000 or more but less than $100,000.

	Specifically, appellant complains that he was not accorded his Sixth Amendment right to
notice of what property he allegedly damaged or destroyed, because the State failed to allege the
number, type, size, and location of the trees bulldozed or cut down.

		If known, personal property alleged in an indictment shall be identified by
name, kind, number and ownership.  When such is unknown, that fact shall be stated,
and a general classification, describing and identifying the property as near as may
be, shall suffice.  If the property be real estate, its general locality in the county, and
the name of the owner, occupant or claimant thereof, shall be a sufficient description
of the same.

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 21.09 (West 1989).
	Real property has been defined as "land and anything growing on . . . the land." 
Black's Law Dictionary 1234 (7th ed) 1999; and see Chastain v. Koonce, 700 S.W.2d 579, 584 (Tex.
1985) (Gonzales, J., concurring).
	The trees allegedly bulldozed and cut down were not personal property but were part
of the real property on which they were growing.  The indictment gave appellant notice that the trees
destroyed were on property owned by Richard Scharinger in Burnet County having an alleged value
in excess of twenty thousand dollars.  We hold that the allegations of the indictment sufficiently
described the property destroyed.  Appellant was accorded his Sixth Amendment right to notice. 
Moreover, appellant had additional notice of the description of the property destroyed at a pretrial
hearing conducted almost one month before trial.  Although the judge hearing the pretrial motion
ruled the witness was not qualified as an expert witness, the witness testified to facts giving notice
of the location, size, kinds, and the number of trees destroyed.  See Erlandson v. State, 763 S.W.2d
845, 849-50 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1988, pet. ref'd).  
	Also, for the first time on appeal, appellant argues the insufficiency of the indictment
would not allow a conviction under this indictment to be raised in bar to another charge with
identical allegations.  Jeopardy determinations are made by reference to the entire record of the
previous proceeding and not simply by reference to the allegations in the indictment.  Stahle v. State,
970 S.W.2d 682, 693 (Tex. App.--Dallas 1998, pet. re'fd).  When one cannot determine from the
State's pleadings whether the offenses prosecuted are the same, the court must look to the proof
offered at trial.  Ex parte Goodbread, 967 S.W.2d 859, 860 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998).  Appellant's
delayed contention that the pleading is insufficient to protect him from future prosecution for the
same offense is without merit.  See 41 George E. Dix & Robert O. Dawson, Texas Practice:
Criminal Practice and Procedure § 20.213 (2d ed. 2001).  The trial court did not err in refusing to
quash the indictment.  Appellant's third point of error is overruled.

Measure of Pecuniary Loss
	In his fifth point of error, appellant claims that the trial court erred "in allowing the
witness Don Gardner to testify as to a 'cost of cure' measure of damages."

	The amount of pecuniary loss under this chapter, if the property is destroyed, is:

 

	the fair market value of the property at the time and place of the
destruction; or

 

	if the fair market value of the property cannot be ascertained, the cost of
replacing property within a reasonable time after the destruction.

 

Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 28.06(a) (West 1994).  Don Gardner testified that there is "no fair market
value in tree appraisal."  As explained by Gardner, the "cost of cure" method of determining the
value of destroyed trees is essentially the cost of replacement.  Simplified, "cost of cure" or
replacement value of destroyed trees is the amount of money required to buy trees of the same size
and kind, to plant them in place of the destroyed trees, and to care for the trees until they can, without
special care, sustain their own growth.  Here, in Gardner's opinion, the replacement cost of the
destroyed trees was between thirty-five and forty thousand dollars.  
	Gardner's testimony was not admitted before the jury until the trial court, at the
insistence of defense counsel, conducted a "Kelly" hearing out of the presence of the jury.  See Kelly
v. State, 824 S.W.2d 568 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992).  The "Kelly" hearing had several purposes.  First,
the trial court needed to determine whether technical or specialized knowledge would aid the jury
in understanding the evidence and in assessing the amount of pecuniary damages, a fact issue for the
jury.  See Tex. R. Evid. 702.  Second, the trial court needed to determine whether Gardner was
qualified by education, training, experience, and knowledge to give his opinion as an expert on the
issue of pecuniary damages.  Id.  Third, the trial court needed to determine whether Gardner's
proffered testimony was reliable and relevant on the issue of pecuniary damage.  See id.  Rule 401,
402.  Fourth, the trial court needed to determine whether the admission of Gardner's testimony
would create a danger of unfair prejudice, confuse the issues, mislead the jury, be cumulative, or
cause undue delay.  See id.  Rule 403.
	In the "Kelly" hearing, Gardner was interrogated by the State, extensively cross-examined by defense counsel, and carefully questioned by the trial court.  There was substantial
evidence to support the trial court's finding that Gardner was an expert consulting arborist qualified
to testify about the pecuniary loss resulting from the loss of the destroyed trees.  Gardner fully
explained the generally accepted methodology he used in forming his opinion of the pecuniary
damages resulting from the destruction of trees on the Scharingers' property.  The evidence supports
the trial court's decision to admit Gardner's testimony.  On appeal, the trial court's ruling must be
upheld unless the trial court abused its discretion.  Kelly, 824 S.W.2d at 574.  We hold the trial court
did not abuse its discretion in allowing Gardner to testify about the "cost of cure" measure of
damages that is essentially the replacement cost of the trees destroyed.
	Appellant argued during trial and now on appeal argues that Gardner's opinion as to
the pecuniary damages is absurd because the amount of pecuniary damages Gardner found was about
the same amount as that which the Scharingers had paid for the entire property on which the trees
were destroyed.  This complaint is about the weight of the evidence not about its admissibility.  All
of the evidence was before the jury for its consideration. (2)  Appellant's fifth point of error is
overruled.

Restitution
	In his sixth point of error, appellant urges that the trial court abused its discretion in
ordering the payment of restitution in the sum of twenty thousand dollars.  The criteria for ordering
restitution in criminal cases is statutory.  See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.037 (West Supp.
2002).  In summary, article 42.037 as applied to this case provides that when a criminal offense
results in destruction of a victim's property, a judge sentencing the defendant and granting him
community supervision may, as a condition of community supervision, order that the defendant make
restitution to the victim in an amount equal to the value of the destroyed property at the time it was
destroyed.  The court may allow the defendant to make restitution in installments, with the last
installment due at the end of the period of community supervision.  The court in determining whether
to order restitution and the amount of restitution shall consider: (1) the amount of the loss sustained
by the victim as a result of the offense, (2) the financial resources of the defendant, (3) the financial
needs and earning ability of the defendant and the defendant's dependents, and (4) other factors the
court deems appropriate.  The court shall impose an order of restitution that is as fair as possible to
the victim.
	The record reflects that the trial court carefully followed the statutory criteria in
ordering restitution.  There was evidence of pecuniary loss that varied from one hundred thousand
dollars to less than five hundred dollars.  The State asked the court to order restitution of ninety
thousand dollars.  The victims asked for between sixty thousand and one hundred thousand dollars. 
Appellant insisted that restitution should not exceed two thousand dollars.  The court considered the
evidence of pecuniary loss shown by the record, considered appellant's financial statement,
appellant's earning ability, and his and his dependents' needs in assessing the amount of restitution. 
The court's order for restitution in the amount of twenty thousand dollars is supported by the record;
abuse of discretion is not shown.  Appellant's sixth point of error is overruled.

Court's Jury Charge
	Appellant presents five points of error complaining about the jury charge.  Appellant
asserts that the trial court erred "in applying the law of parties to the law of parties in its charge to
the jury."  Appellant argues that the court "in its charge, charged both the law of parties and then by
tracking the indictment charged the law of parties again."  Also, he argues "such charge allowed the
jury to apply the law of parties to the law of parties and allowed the defendant to be convicted twice
removed from the offense."  The trial court defined the law of parties and then applied the law to the
facts.  We find no merit in appellant's complaint and overrule point of error eleven.
	Appellant complains that the trial court erred "in overruling appellant's objections
to the charge for not including a requirement that the appellant acted with a required culpable mental
state."  The trial court charged the jury that it must find beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant
"either acting alone or with another, did then and there intentionally and knowingly destroy tangible
property, to wit: TREES."  The court's charge properly instructed the jury on the law of culpability
required to convict appellant of the charged offense.  Appellant's tenth point of error is overruled.
	Also, appellant complains the trial court erred in denying him "a requested instruction
defining 'fair market value' of tangible property severed from real estate."  The facts in this case did
not require the submission of the requested charge, and the refusal of the trial court to give the
requested charge was not error.  Appellant's ninth point of error is overruled.
	In his eighth point of error, appellant contends that the court erred in overruling his
objection and in failing to submit his requested charge defining "pecuniary loss."  Appellant agrees
that the trial court's jury charge on the definition of pecuniary loss "tracked the statute.  Article
28.06(a)(1) and (2)."  The instruction submitted by the court was the statutory definition.  The charge
was proper and adequate.  Appellant's eighth point of error is overruled.
	Appellant complains that the trial court erred in overruling his requested instruction
defining "easement."  The trial court instructed the jury that:

		By the term "easement" is meant that an owner of land adjoining a roadway
described in an instrument dedicating that road in a subdivided tract of land as a
private way for the exclusive use, benefit, and convenience of the owners of land in
such tract, has the right to grade, cut out and use the entire dedicated width of such
easement provided that he does not destroy the use and benefit and convenience of
such easement by the other owners of such easement, if any.

	Appellant argues this instruction did not go far enough.  He contends that in addition
to "the right to grade, cutout and use the entire dedicated width of the easement" the court should
have added "the right to cut and remove trees, brush or other obstacles located within the easement." 
Appellant is hypercritical of the court's charge which, in defining the rights in the easement, was
perhaps more favorable to appellant than he was entitled.  Appellant's seventh point of error is
overruled.
	The judgment is affirmed.

  
 Carl E. F. Dally, Justice
Before Justices Kidd, Puryear and Dally*
Affirmed
Filed:   February 14, 2002
Do Not Publish

*	Before Carl E. F. Dally, Judge (retired), Court of Criminal Appeals, sitting by assignment.  See
Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 74.003(b) (West 1998).
1.   Appellant and his wife Melanie were in the process of getting a divorce at the time of trial.
2.   Sometimes as in the repair of automobiles, the sum of the cost of parts is much greater than
the entire cost of a new vehicle.