Court Opinion

ID: 2784450
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-03-06 14:00:52.243921+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:09:53.133852
License: Public Domain

Case: 13-15414   Date Filed: 03/05/2015   Page: 1 of 8

                                                    [DO NOT PUBLISH]

            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                   FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

               __________________________________

                          No. 13-15414
               __________________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 8:12-cv-02928-RAL-EAJ

CULBREATH ISLES PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC.,
ORLINE M. SIDMAN,
FLORIDA POLICYHOLDERS, LLC,
                                          Plaintiffs-Appellants,

                                 versus

TRAVELERS CASUALTY AND SURETY COMPANY OF AMERICA,

                                                         Defendant-Appellee.

               __________________________________

              Appeals from the United States District Court
                   for the Middle District of Florida
               ___________________________________

                            (March 5, 2015)
                Case: 13-15414       Date Filed: 03/05/2015      Page: 2 of 8

Before WILLIAM PRYOR and JORDAN, Circuit Judges, and WALTER,* District

Judge.

WALTER, District Judge:

         This appeal follows the district court’s grant of summary judgment in favor

of Defendant-Appellee Travelers Casualty & Surety Company of America

(“Travelers”). On cross-motions for summary judgment, the question before the

district court was whether an insurance policy issued by Travelers to Plaintiff-

Appellant Culbreath Isles Property Owners Association, Inc. (“Culbreath”)

indemnified Culbreath for its liability for attorney’s fees incurred by, and awarded

to, individuals who Culbreath unsuccessfully sued. This Court is asked the same

question on appeal. Following a review of the record and with the benefit of oral

argument, we REVERSE the district court and REMAND for further proceedings

consistent with this opinion.

I.       BACKGROUND

         a. The Policy

         The relevant insurance policy was a Non-Profit Management and

Organization Liability Policy (“the Policy”) issued by Travelers to Culbreath for

the period of February 20, 2009 to February 20, 2010. In pertinent part, the Policy

*
 Honorable Donald E. Walter, United States District Judge for the Western District of
Louisiana, sitting by designation.

                                               2
              Case: 13-15414    Date Filed: 03/05/2015   Page: 3 of 8

provides “Liability Coverage” such that:

      [t]he Insurer will pay on behalf of the Insureds Loss up to the
      available maximum aggregate Limit of Liability set forth in item three
      of the Declarations which is incurred by the Insureds as the result of
      any Claim first made against the Insureds during the Policy Period or
      the Discovery Period, if purchased, for a Wrongful Act.

      The Policy also defines the following terms:

      A “Wrongful Act” is:

      any error, misstatement, misleading statement, act, omission, neglect,
      or breach of duty committed or attempted, or allegedly committed or
      attempted, by the Insured Organization or by one or more Insured
      Persons, individually or collectively, in their respective capacities as
      such, including but not limited to any Wrongful Employment
      Practices.

      “Claim” (as defined by the Policy and modified by the Endorsement) means:

      1)    a written demand for monetary or non-monetary relief;
      2)    a civil proceeding commenced by the service of a complaint or
      similar pleading;
      3)    a criminal proceeding commenced by a return of an indictment;
      or
      4)    a formal administrative or regulatory proceeding commenced
      by the filing of a notice of charges, formal investigative order or
      similar document,
      against an Insured for a Wrongful Act, including an appeal therefrom.

      And, finally, the Policy defines “Loss” as:

      the total amount . . . which any Insured becomes legally obligated to
      pay as the result of all Claims first made against any Insured during
      the Policy Period for Wrongful Acts including, but limited to,
      damages (including punitive or exemplary damages where insurable
      under applicable law), judgments, settlements and Defense Costs . . . .

                                           3
                 Case: 13-15414       Date Filed: 03/05/2015        Page: 4 of 8

       b. Facts

       The relevant facts are not in dispute, and the parties agreed at the district

court level that this matter was ripe for resolution through summary judgment

proceedings.

       Culbreath functions as a homeowners’ association. In October 2008,

Culbreath filed two separate lawsuits in Florida’s Thirteenth Judicial Circuit Court

against property owners, Phyllis Kirkwood and Nancy and Richard Lewis, alleging

violations of Culbreath’s bylaws. Culbreath initiated both lawsuits pursuant to

section 720.305, Florida Statutes, which contains a “prevailing party” attorney’s

fee provision.1 Culbreath was unsuccessful in each of the lawsuits, which resulted

in fee judgments against Culbreath for the amount of fees incurred by the

homeowners in defending the lawsuits. Pursuant to the Policy, Culbreath sought

coverage for its liability for the fee judgments, which Travelers denied.

1
  Chapter 720 of Florida Statutes governs actions at law and/or in equity to redress alleged
failures or refusals to comply with the provisions of Chapter 720 or the governing documents of
the community, whether the action is brought by the association or by any member against those
listed in section 720.305(1)(a)-(d). That section further provides that “[t]he prevailing party in
any such litigation is entitled to recover reasonable attorney's fees and costs.” Fla. Stat. §
720.305(1).

                                                 4
                Case: 13-15414        Date Filed: 03/05/2015       Page: 5 of 8

II.    STANDARD OF REVIEW

       “This Court reviews the granting of summary judgment de novo, applying

the same legal standards which bound the district court.” Whatley v. CNA Ins.

Companies, 189 F.3d 1310, 1313 (11th Cir. 1999). Because federal jurisdiction

over this matter is based on diversity, Florida law governs the determination of the

issues on appeal. Davis v. National Medical Enterprises, Inc., 253 F.3d 1314, 1319

n. 6 (11th Cir. 2001). In insurance coverage cases under Florida law, courts look at

the insurance policy “as a whole and give every provision its full meaning and

operative effect.” Hyman v. Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 304 F.3d 1179, 1186

(11th Cir. 2002) (citing Dahl–Eimers v. Mutual of Omaha Life Ins. Co., 986 F.2d

1379, 1381 (11th Cir. 1993) and Excelsior Ins. Co. v. Pomona Park Bar & Package

Store, 369 So.2d 938, 941 (Fla. 1979)).

III.   DISCUSSION

       Appellants are Culbreath, Orline M. Sidman, and Florida Policyholders,

LLC.2 For purposes of this appeal, the appellants’ positions are in alignment;

therefore, for ease of discussion, we will hereinafter refer only to Culbreath as

2
  Sidman is the personal representative of the estate of Phyllis Kirkwood. Florida Policyholders,
LLC was formed by Kirkwood’s former lawyers, two principals of the law firm Buell & Elligett,
P.A., who represented Kirkwood in the lawsuit brought against Kirkwood by Culbreath. Once
the Kirkwood fee judgment was issued against Culbreath, Culbreath assigned its rights against
Travelers to Kirkwood and her lawyers, Buell & Elligett, P.A. The lawyers, in turn, assigned
their rights against Travelers to Florida Policyholders, LLC.

                                                5
               Case: 13-15414       Date Filed: 03/05/2015   Page: 6 of 8

representative of all appellants.

      In Florida, insurance contracts are construed in accordance with the plain

language of the policies as bargained for by the parties. Auto-Owners Ins. Co. v.

Anderson, 756 So.2d 29, 34 (Fla. 2000). It is undisputed that the Policy at issue

was broadly drafted, specifically in its definitions of the terms “wrongful act” and

“loss.” Indeed, counsel for Travelers specifically conceded at oral argument that

the definition of “wrongful act” was broadly drafted. Culbreath contends that the

underlying suits filed by Culbreath were wrongful acts committed by Culbreath,

the insured; those wrongful acts led to the homeowners’ claims for attorneys’ fees

and costs against the insured; and those claims led to losses - the fee and cost

judgments - which should be covered under the plain language of the Policy.

Travelers’ representative Melissa Morin admitted that the lawsuits brought by

Culbreath against the homeowners were “wrongful acts” under the Policy.

Although Travelers likely never intended to provide the type of coverage sought by

Culbreath, Culbreath is correct that both the plain language of the Policy and

Travelers’ admissions require that conclusion.

      In this case, the loss at issue arose from the homeowners’ liability for the

attorneys’ fees incurred in defending the unsuccessful lawsuits brought by

Culbreath. The language of the Policy provides liability coverage “on behalf of the

                                            6
               Case: 13-15414      Date Filed: 03/05/2015     Page: 7 of 8

Insureds Loss . . . which is incurred by the Insureds as the result of any Claim first

made against the Insureds during the Policy Period . . . for a Wrongful Act.” A

wrongful act is defined by the Policy as “any error, misstatement, misleading

statement, act, omission, neglect, or breach of duty” committed by any insured

party. The plain language of the Policy was drafted broadly, thereby allowing each

of the instant lawsuits to qualify as “any error . . . or act” of the insured. As

mentioned, Travelers’ representative Melissa Morin admitted that the lawsuits

brought by Culbreath were, in fact, “wrongful acts” under the Policy. Once

Travelers conceded this point, it could no longer form a plausible argument that the

fee judgments at issue were not covered under the Policy. A claim, as defined by

the Policy and endorsement thereto, includes “a written demand for monetary or

non-monetary relief . . . against an Insured for a Wrongful Act[.]” Clearly, a plain

reading of the Policy mandates inclusion of the fee judgments as written demands

for monetary relief. Again, Morin stipulated that such claims had been made

against Culbreath as a result of the lawsuits initiated by Culbreath. And, finally, the

Policy’s broad definition of loss is satisfied by Culbreath’s legal obligation to pay

the homeowners’ attorneys’ fees as a result of Culbreath’s decision to pursue

lawsuits against the homeowners under section 720.305. Accordingly, based on

Travelers’ admission that Culbreath’s lawsuits against the homeowners qualified as

                                            7
              Case: 13-15414     Date Filed: 03/05/2015   Page: 8 of 8

wrongful acts under the Policy, we find that the losses attributable thereto must be

covered under the Policy.

IV.   CONCLUSION

      For the foregoing reasons, we REVERSE the district court’s judgment in

favor of Travelers and REMAND for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion.

                                          8