Court Opinion

ID: 4412336
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-06-28 15:00:21.865526+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:52:42.981084
License: Public Domain

18‐1826‐cv
     Johnson v. Central Intelligence Agency

                               UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                   FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                              SUMMARY ORDER

     RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT.
     CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS
     PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
     PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A
     SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY
     MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE
     (WITH THE NOTATION ASUMMARY ORDER@).       A PARTY CITING TO A
     SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT
     REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

 1         At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit,
 2   held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the
 3   City of New York, on the 28th day of June, two thousand nineteen.
 4
 5          PRESENT: DENNIS JACOBS,
 6                           RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
 7                           MICHAEL H. PARK,
 8                                   Circuit Judges.
 9          ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
10          ADAM JOHNSON,
11
12                          Plaintiff‐Appellant,
13
14                    v.                                                         No. 18‐1826‐cv
15
16          CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY,
17
18                          Defendant‐Appellee.
19
20          ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
21          FOR APPELLANT:                                            DANIEL R. NOVACK, Law
22                                                                    Office of Daniel R. Novack,
23                                                                    Madison, NJ.
 1         FOR APPELLEE:                                ANTHONY J. SUN (Benjamin H.
 2                                                      Torrance, on the brief),
 3                                                      Assistant United States
 4                                                      Attorneys, for Geoffrey S.
 5                                                      Berman, United States
 6                                                      Attorney for the Southern
 7                                                      District of New York, New
 8                                                      York, NY.
 9
10         FOR AMICI CURIAE:                            KELLY B. MCCLANAHAN,
11                                                      National Security Counselors,
12                                                      Rockville, MD.
13
14         Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the

15   Southern District of New York (Colleen McMahon, Chief Judge).

16         UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,

17   AND DECREED that the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED.

18         Adam Johnson appeals from a judgment of the District Court (McMahon,

19   C.J.), dismissing his claim against the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) under

20   the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. § 552, for the production of five

21   emails the CIA sent to reporters at the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post,

22   and the New York Times. On appeal, Johnson argues that the CIA waived

23   FOIA Exemptions 1 and 3, 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(1) & (3), by officially disclosing the

24   information at issue to the reporters. We assume the parties’ familiarity with

                                              2
 1   the facts and record of the prior proceedings, to which we refer only as necessary

 2   to explain our decision to affirm.

 3         In Wilson v. CIA, 586 F.3d 171 (2d Cir. 2009), we explained that “[a] strict

 4   test applies to claims of official disclosure. Classified information that a party

 5   seeks to obtain or publish is deemed to have been officially disclosed only if it (1)

 6   [is] as specific as the information previously released, (2) match[es] the

 7   information previously disclosed, and (3) was made public through an official

 8   and documented disclosure.” 586 F.3d at 186 (quotation marks omitted). We

 9   also explained that the “twin factors” in determining whether information is

10   “public” as relevant here are whether it is a “matter[] of public record” and

11   whether it could be “easily discoverable by any interested member of the

12   public.” Id. at 188 (quotation marks omitted). Here, the information Johnson

13   seeks is contained in private correspondence sent directly to three reporters, see

14   id., and these emails are not generally accessible by the public. In these

15   circumstances and without more, we agree with the District Court that Johnson

16   has not produced sufficient evidence that the information he seeks was “made

17   public” by the CIA. See id.; Hudson River Sloop Clearwater, Inc. v. Dep’t of

                                               3
1   Navy, 891 F.2d 414, 421–22 (2d Cir. 1989); cf. Phillippi v. CIA, 655 F.2d 1325,

2   1331–33 (D.C. Cir. 1981). Johnson therefore is not entitled to the information he

3   seeks.1

4           We have considered Johnson’s remaining arguments and conclude that

5   they are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the District

6   Court is AFFIRMED.

7                                             FOR THE COURT:
8                                             Catherine O=Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court

    1   Johnson does not argue that Exemptions 1 and 3 are otherwise inapplicable.

                                                4