Court Opinion

ID: 4911589
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-09-16 21:04:42.035946+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:13:33.293241
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        SEP 16 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ALI BEN MOHAMED HENDAOUI,                       No.    19-72873

                Petitioner,                     Agency No. A077-976-595

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                               Submitted July 6, 2021**
                                 Pasadena, California

Before: D.M. FISHER,*** WATFORD, and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges.

      Ali Hendaoui, a native and citizen of Tunisia, petitions for review of the Board

of Immigration Appeals’ (BIA’s) denial of his motion to reopen his immigration

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable D. Michael Fisher, United States Circuit Judge for the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, sitting by designation.
proceedings after he was ordered to be removed. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C.

§ 1252(a)(1) and 28 U.S.C. § 2342. We deny the petition.

      We review the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion, its

legal determinations de novo, and its factual findings for substantial evidence.

Hamazaspyan v. Holder, 590 F.3d 744, 747 (9th Cir. 2009) (citation omitted).

      1. The Immigration Judge and BIA had jurisdiction over Hendaoui’s case.

Contrary to Hendaoui’s argument, that fact is not changed by Pereira v. Sessions,

138 S. Ct. 2105 (2018), or Niz-Chavez v. Garland, 141 S. Ct. 1474 (2021). Pereira

and Niz-Chavez deal solely with the stop-time rule of 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(d)(1) and

the notice to appear requirements of 8 U.S.C. § 1229(a). Karingithi v. Whitaker, 913

F.3d 1158, 1161 (9th Cir. 2019); Niz-Chavez, 141 S. Ct. at 1479. The stop-time rule

is not at issue here. And, as we explained in Karingithi, the Immigration Court’s

jurisdiction is not controlled by § 1229(a), but by immigration regulations. 913 F.3d

at 1158-59 (citing 8 C.F.R. §§ 1003.13, 1003.14, 1003.15). Under the jurisdictional

regulations, a notice to appear like the one Hendaoui received—which says the date

and time of the hearing are “To Be Set”—vests jurisdiction in the Immigration Court.

Id. at 1159-60.

      2. Hendaoui challenges the BIA’s denial of his motion to reopen based on

changed country conditions in Tunisia. An alien may exceed the normal time and

number limitations for motions to reopen (one motion within ninety days) if he seeks

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to reopen based on changed country conditions. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii). The

motion must be supported by evidence showing “a reasonable likelihood that the

statutory requirements for [asylum or withholding] have been satisfied.” Salim v.

Lynch, 831 F.3d 1133, 1139 (9th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted).

      The BIA reasonably determined that even if atheists are persecuted in Tunisia,

Hendaoui did not show that he is an activist who would be targeted. The only

evidence of Hendaoui’s activism was printouts from his Facebook account showing

that he made two statements critical of or indifferent toward religion, and that he

“liked” and “followed” a group called “Atheists United.” The BIA credited

Hendaoui’s testimony that he had received online death threats—but because the

threats were not in evidence, it could not determine their frequency and seriousness.

Therefore, Hendaoui did not adequately link his evidence of conditions in Tunisia

to his own “particular circumstances”; rather, he showed only a “general,

undifferentiated claim based solely on the threat to the group.” Najmabadi v.

Holder, 597 F.3d 983, 992 (9th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks and citation

omitted). That does not entitle him to relief. Id.

      Hendaoui argues that because the BIA did not make “an explicit adverse

credibility finding, we must assume that [his] factual contentions are true.” Kataria

v. INS, 232 F.3d 1107, 1114 (9th Cir. 2000). However, the Supreme Court has

abrogated that rule. Garland v. Dai, 141 S. Ct. 1669, 1676-77 (2021). In any event,

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the BIA did assume that his testimony was true—and ruled against him anyway, in

a reasoned opinion supported by substantial evidence.

      The BIA must give “reasoned consideration” to “highly probative or

potentially dispositive evidence.” Cole v. Holder, 659 F.3d 762, 772 (9th Cir. 2011).

Expert conclusions are not dispositive, however, if they are undermined by other

aspects of the record. See Zheng v. Holder, 644 F.3d 829, 836 (9th Cir. 2011). Here,

the BIA considered and cited to the expert’s report. The BIA reasonably declined to

accept the expert’s opinion that Hendaoui may be persecuted, tortured, or killed,

because that opinion does not comport with the expert’s own description of country

conditions, news articles, or the State Department’s Religious Freedom Report.

      3. Hendaoui argues that the BIA abused its discretion in denying his motion

to reopen based on the ineffective assistance of counsel. If Hendaoui could meet the

test for ineffective assistance of counsel, we would remand and the agency would

reopen the proceedings to consider his request for asylum, withholding, and

protection under the Convention Against Torture. See Ray v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d

582, 592 (9th Cir. 2006). But the BIA held (in the course of ruling on Hendaoui’s

changed-country-conditions claim, prepared by his new counsel) that he did not

make out a prima facie case for these forms of relief.

      In his motion to reopen, Hendaoui was required to “state the new facts that

will be proven at a hearing . . . if the motion is granted” and support the facts with

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“affidavits or other evidentiary material.” 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1). Therefore, the

case for relief that Hendaoui would make on remand is contained in his moving

papers, which the BIA has already considered. If we were to remand, “neither the

result nor the BIA’s basic reasoning would change.” Singh v. Barr, 935 F.3d 822,

827 (9th Cir. 2019). We do not remand if doing so “would be an idle and useless

formality,” because we do not wish to “convert judicial review of agency action into

a ping-pong game.” Id. (quoting NLRB v. Wyman-Gordon Co., 394 U.S. 759, 766

n.6 (1969)). Therefore, Hendaoui’s ineffective assistance argument fails.

      DENIED.

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