Court Opinion

ID: 9410922
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-07-25 13:11:05.678073+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:21:01.426890
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

              Present: Judges O’Brien, Ortiz and Senior Judge Haley
UNPUBLISHED

              NICHOLAS ALEXANDER HOWARD
                                                                               MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.      Record No. 1489-22-4                                         PER CURIAM
                                                                                   JULY 25, 2023
              COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

                                   FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ARLINGTON COUNTY
                                                Daniel S. Fiore, II, Judge

                               (Jonathan P. Sheldon; Sheldon & Flood, PLC, on briefs), for
                               appellant.

                               (Jason S. Miyares, Attorney General; Collin C. Crookenden,
                               Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

                      Upon his guilty pleas, the trial court convicted Nicholas Alexander Howard of one count of

              possession of child pornography, first offense and one count of child pornography, second offense.

              The trial court sentenced Howard to a total of 15 years of incarceration with 7 years suspended.

              Howard moved the trial court to reconsider his sentence, and the court denied the motion. On

              appeal, Howard argues that trial court abused its discretion by “failing to consider all relevant

              factors and in failing to grant [his] motion to reconsider his sentence.” He also contends that the

              trial court abused its discretion “when it sentenced [him] to supervised probation for life which

              exceeded the court’s statutory authority of five years” as provided under Code § 19.2-303. After

              examining the briefs and record in this case, the panel unanimously holds that oral argument is

              unnecessary because “the appeal is wholly without merit.” Code § 17.1-403(ii)(a); Rule 5A:27(a).

              We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                      *
                          This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1-413(A).
                                         BACKGROUND1

       At the plea hearing, the Commonwealth proffered that after receiving a tip, the police

obtained and executed a search warrant at Howard’s residence in March 2019. Howard admitted to

the police that the internet account associated with the tip was his and that “he may have saved or

re-blogged images of child pornography from his Tumblr account.” A special agent reviewed the

images on Howard’s device and identified several images depicting child sexual abuse. Following

his arrest in 2021, Howard entered into a plea agreement with the Commonwealth. In the written

agreement, Howard acknowledged that there was no promise as to his sentence and that the “judge

may suspend a part or all of the sentence or the judge may not suspend any of it.” He confirmed

that he understood the maximum sentence he could receive included a total of 15 years of

incarceration and a period of probation. During the plea colloquy, Howard affirmed that he

understood the trial court was not bound by the sentencing guidelines. Howard introduced evidence

in mitigation, including letters from family members and former employers. He also introduced

evidence that he had completed an intensive substance abuse program. He “advised that the root of

his sexually deviant behavior was his unaddressed substance abuse and mental health issues.” A

psycho-sexual evaluation concluded that Howard was at a “low risk for sexual recidivism.” The

sentencing guidelines recommended a range of one year to three years and two months of

incarceration. Noting that it considered Howard’s mitigation evidence, the trial court emphasized

the seriousness of the crimes and “the trauma of these kids.” The trial court found the guidelines

“wholly inadequate” and that Howard “failed to show any [credible] remorse.” The trial court

       1
         “In accordance with familiar principles of appellate review, the facts will be stated in the
light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the prevailing party at trial.” Gerald v. Commonwealth,
295 Va. 469, 472 (2018) (quoting Scott v. Commonwealth, 292 Va. 380, 381 (2016)). In doing so,
we discard any of Howard’s conflicting evidence and regard as true all credible evidence favorable
to the Commonwealth and all inferences that may reasonably be drawn from that evidence. Id. at
473.
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sentenced Howard to five years on the possession first offense and ten years with seven years

suspended on the possession second offense. The court added supervised probation for the rest of

Howard’s life. Howard filed a motion to reconsider his sentence and lifetime probation

requirement, which the trial court denied. Howard appeals, arguing that the trial court failed to

consider all relevant factors in sentencing him and that it abused its discretion in sentencing Howard

to supervised probation in excess of five years.

                                              ANALYSIS

                                                   I.

        Howard argues that the trial court abused its discretion by imposing an eight-year active

sentence because it failed to “consider all relevant factors.”

        “The determination of sentencing lies within the sound discretion of the trial court. A

sentencing decision will not be reversed unless the trial court abused its discretion.” Garibaldi v.

Commonwealth, 71 Va. App. 64, 67 (2019) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 274 Va. 733, 735

(2007)). “If a sentence imposed is within the statutory limits fixed by the legislature, the

assumption is that the sentence will not be disturbed on appeal.” Bassett v. Commonwealth, 13

Va. App. 580, 582 (1992). This is the extent of our substantive sentencing review “[a]bsent an

alleged statutory or constitutional violation.” Taylor v. Commonwealth, 77 Va. App. 149,

176-77 (2023) (alteration in original) (quoting Minh Duy Du v. Commonwealth, 292 Va. 555, 563

(2016)).

        It was within the trial court’s purview to weigh the mitigating evidence Howard presented.

Keselica v. Commonwealth, 34 Va. App. 31, 36 (2000). “Criminal sentencing decisions are among

the most difficult judgment calls trial judges face.” Minh Duy Du, 292 Va. at 563. “Because this

task is so difficult, it must rest heavily on judges closest to the facts of the case—those hearing and

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seeing the witnesses, taking into account their verbal and nonverbal communication, and placing all

of it in the context of the entire case.” Id.

        Here, the record demonstrates that the trial court considered Howard’s mitigating evidence

and after considering all the circumstances, imposed the sentence that it deemed appropriate.

Furthermore, Howard’s sentence was within the statutory range set by the legislature. See Code

§§ 18.2-10 and 18.2-374.1:1. “[O]nce it is determined that a sentence is within the limitations set

forth in the statute under which it is imposed, appellate review is at an end.” Thomason v.

Commonwealth, 69 Va. App. 89, 99 (2018) (quoting Minh Duy Du, 292 Va. at 565).

        Howard maintains that the trial court erred in denying his motion for modification of

sentence under Code § 19.2-303. A trial court’s authority to suspend or modify an unserved

portion of a felony sentence is restricted to situations in which the person has not yet been

transferred to the Department of Corrections or within 60 days of such transfer. See Code

§ 19.2-303. The statute provides that a court “may . . . suspend or otherwise modify” the

unserved portion of a felony sentence if “there are circumstances in mitigation of the offense”

and “it appears compatible with the public interest.” Id.; see Wilson v. Commonwealth, 54

Va. App. 631, 641 (2009). “A mitigating circumstance is ‘a fact or situation that does not bear

on the question of the defendant’s guilt, but that is considered by the court in imposing

punishment, esp. in lessening the severity of a sentence.’” Wilson, 54 Va. App. at 641 (quoting

Black’s Law Dictionary 260 (8th ed. 2004)).

        Considering the facts and circumstances, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial

court’s decision to deny Howard’s motion for modification under Code § 19.2-303. Therefore,

we do not disturb the trial court’s sentencing decision.

                                                 -4-
                                                  II.

        Howard also contends that the trial court improperly sentenced him to supervised probation

for life, in violation of Code § 19.2-303.

        “No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for reversal unless an

objection was stated with reasonable certainty at the time of the ruling, except for good cause

shown or to enable this Court to attain the ends of justice.” Rule 5A:18. “The purpose of th[e]

contemporaneous objection requirement [in Rule 5A:18] is to allow the trial court a fair

opportunity to resolve the issue at trial, thereby preventing unnecessary appeals and retrials.”

Creamer v. Commonwealth, 64 Va. App. 185, 195 (2015). “Specificity and timeliness undergird

the contemporaneous-objection rule, animate its highly practical purpose, and allow the rule to

resonate with simplicity.” Bethea v. Commonwealth, 297 Va. 730, 743 (2019). “Not just any

objection will do. It must be both specific and timely — so that the trial judge would know the

particular point being made in time to do something about it.” Id. (quoting Dickerson v.

Commonwealth, 58 Va. App. 351, 356 (2011)). If a party fails to timely and specifically object,

he waives his argument on appeal. Arrington v. Commonwealth, 53 Va. App. 635, 641 (2009).

        Here, Howard did not argue, as he does on appeal, that the trial court exceeded its

statutory authority by imposing probation for life. “Procedural-default principles require that the

argument asserted on appeal be the same as the contemporaneous argument at trial.” Bethea,

297 Va. at 743. “Consequently, neither an appellant nor an appellate court should ‘put a

different twist on a question that is at odds with the question presented to the trial court.’” Id. at

744 (quoting Commonwealth v. Shifflett, 257 Va. 34, 44 (1999)). “[M]aking one specific

argument on an issue does not preserve a separate legal point on the same issue for [appellate]

review.” Hicks v. Commonwealth, 71 Va. App. 255, 266 (2019) (second alteration in original)

(quoting Johnson v. Commonwealth, 58 Va. App. 625, 637 (2011)).

                                                 -5-
       Howard failed to preserve his argument for appeal.2 He does not invoke the good cause

or ends of justice exceptions to Rule 5A:18, and the Court will not apply the exceptions sua

sponte. Edwards v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 752, 761 (2003) (en banc). Accordingly, Rule

5A:18 bars our consideration of this argument on appeal.

                                           CONCLUSION

       The trial court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing Howard. It considered all relevant

factors and sentenced Howard within the statutory range set forth by the legislature. We will not

disturb this sentence on appeal. Furthermore, Howard failed to preserve his argument regarding his

sentence of probation for life. Thus, Rule 5A:18 bars our consideration of his second argument.

For these reasons, we affirm the trial court’s sentencing decision.

                                                                                            Affirmed.

       2
         Even if Howard’s argument were not procedurally barred, the limitation on a probation
period was not adopted until after his crimes were committed. Thus, the ends of justice is not
available to him, even if it were properly raised.
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