Court Opinion

ID: 2729546
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:43:55.524673+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:26:48.410619
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),

                                                              FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of                         Sep 13 2012, 9:16 am
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.                       CLERK
                                                                 of the supreme court,
                                                                 court of appeals and
                                                                        tax court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                           ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

ANDREA K. MARSH                                   KELLY MYHLS
Marsh & Marsh, LLC                                Hanley Myhls Attorneys at Law
Indianapolis, Indiana                             Indianapolis, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

IN RE THE ADOPTION OF C.R.R. and S.A.R.,          )
                                                  )
W.E.R.,                                           )
                                                  )
       Appellant-Respondent,                      )
                                                  )
               vs.                                )        No. 49A02-1201-AD-45
                                                  )
D.M.T.,                                           )
                                                  )
       Appellee-Petitioner.                       )

                     APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT
                           The Honorable Gerald S. Zore, Judge
                            Cause No. 49D08-1103-AD-10783

                                      September 13, 2012

                MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

NAJAM, Judge
                                STATEMENT OF THE CASE

      W.E.R. (“Father”) appeals the trial court’s order granting the petition filed by

D.M.T. (“Maternal Grandmother”) to adopt Father’s biological children, C.R.R. and

S.A.R. Father presents a single issue for review, namely, whether the trial court erred

when it determined that Father’s consent to the adoption was unnecessary under Indiana

Code Section 31-19-9-10.

      We affirm.

                          FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

      In early 2008, Father and K.T. (“Mother”) lived in Indianapolis with their three

daughters: four-year-old C.R.R., two-year-old S.A.R., and an infant K.F.R. On March

19, C.R.R. discovered K.F.R. deceased on the floor with her eyes open and a trash bag

over the infant’s head. K.F.R. had suffocated.

      The State filed a petition alleging C.R.R. and S.A.R. (“the children”) to be

children in need of services (“CHINS”).1               The trial court granted the petitions and

removed C.R.R. and S.A.R. from their parents, placing them in the care of D.M.T., their

maternal grandmother. Also as a result of K.F.R.’s death, Father pleaded guilty to

neglect of a dependent, as a Class B felony, and was sentenced to incarceration. Father

maintained telephone contact with the children during his incarceration, and the children

visited him every other week beginning in February 2011.

      On March 18, 2011, while Father was incarcerated, D.M.T. filed a petition to

adopt the children (“the Adoption Petition”). The Adoption Petition alleged in relevant

      1
          The record on appeal does not contain a copy of the CHINS petitions.
                                                   2
part that Father had been convicted of neglect of a dependent, as a Class B felony; that he

was incarcerated as a result of that conviction; that the victim of the neglect was the

children’s deceased infant sister; and, therefore, that Father’s consent to the adoption was

unnecessary.2

        Father was released from incarceration on July 25, 2011, and on August 9, the trial

court held a hearing on whether Father’s consent to adoption was necessary. On August

23, the court entered an order finding that Father’s consent was not necessary (“Consent

Order”).      Subsequently, on December 19, the court entered a final adoption decree

(“Adoption Decree”) granting D.M.T.’s petition to adopt the children.                        Father now

appeals.

                                 DISCUSSION AND DECISION3

        In general, when an adoption has been granted, we consider the evidence most

favorable to the trial court’s decision and the reasonable inferences that can be drawn

therefrom to determine whether the evidence is sufficient to support the judgment. In re

Adoption of S.A., 918 N.E.2d 736, 740-41 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied. We will

not disturb the trial court’s decision in an adoption proceeding unless the evidence at trial

led to but one conclusion and the trial court reached the opposite conclusion. Id.

        2
            Mother gave her consent to the adoption.
        3
           On cross-appeal, Intervener Child Advocates, Inc. (“Child Advocates”) contends that Father’s
appeal must be dismissed because it was untimely filed. Specifically, Child Advocates asserts that the
Consent Order was a final appealable order because it settled all issues as between Father and D.M.T. and
that Father’s appeal was not filed within thirty days of that order. Child Advocates asks us to “revisit”
this court’s recent opinion in S.J. v. G.C., 967 N.E.2d 1063 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), where another panel of
this court held that a consent order in an adoption proceeding is not a final appealable order. Intervener’s
Brief at 9. We will not do so. Applying the well-reasoned rule from S.J., we conclude that the Consent
Order was not a final appealable order and, therefore, Father’s appeal challenging the Consent Order was
timely filed within thirty days of the Adoption Decree.
                                                       3
       Here, the trial court entered findings sua sponte. Our standard of review in such

cases is well established:

       In such cases, the specific findings control only as to the issues they cover,
       while a general judgment standard applies to any issues upon which the
       court has not found. Harris v. Harris, 800 N.E.2d 930, 934 (Ind. Ct. App.
       2003), trans. denied. Thus, in reviewing this judgment, we must apply a
       two-tiered standard. Id. First, we determine whether the evidence supports
       the findings and second, whether the findings support the judgment. Id. In
       deference to the trial court’s proximity to the issues, we will reverse a
       judgment only when it is shown to be clearly erroneous. Id. A judgment is
       clearly erroneous when it is unsupported by the findings of fact and
       conclusions entered on the findings. Id. In determining the validity of the
       findings or judgment, we consider only the evidence favorable to the
       judgment and all reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, and we will
       not reweigh the evidence or assess the credibility of witnesses. Id.
       However, although we defer substantially to findings of fact, we do not do
       so to conclusions of law. Id. We evaluate questions of law de novo and
       owe no deference to a trial court’s determinations of such questions. Id.

J.S. v. J.D., 941 N.E.2d 1107, 1109-10 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011, trans. denied.

       Father contends that the trial court’s findings in the Consent Order do not support

the court’s determination that Father’s consent to the adoption was not required pursuant

to Indiana Code Section 31-19-9-10. Specifically, Father argues that the findings do not

support the court’s determination that dispensing with Father’s consent is in the best

interests of the children. We cannot agree.

       A trial court deciding an adoption petition must find that “proper consent, if

consent is necessary, to the adoption has been given.” Ind. Code § 31-19-11-1(a)(7).

Consent to an adoption is required from each of the child’s parents, whether or not they

were married when the child was born. See Ind. Code § 31-19-9-1(a)(1), (2). But

consent may be excused by statute in certain circumstances. As relevant here, a parent’s

consent to adoption is not required if that parent “is convicted of and incarcerated at the
                                              4
time of the filing of a petition for adoption for . . . neglect of a dependent as a Class B

felony (IC 35-46-1-4)[;]” the child or the child’s sibling is the victim of the offense; and,

“after notice to the parent and a hearing, the court determines that dispensing with the

parent’s consent to adoption is in the child’s best interests.” Ind. Code § 31-19-9-10.

       Father concedes that he was convicted of neglect of a dependent, as a Class B

felony, and that the victim of that offense was the sibling of C.R.R. and S.A.R. Thus, the

first two elements of Section 31-19-9-10 have been satisfied. But Father contends that

the trial court did not enter findings to support its conclusion that dispensing with his

consent to the adoption is in the children’s best interests. He also contends that the trial

court ignored certain evidence. We address each contention in turn.

       We first consider whether the findings support the court’s conclusion that

dispensing with Father’s consent is in the best interests of the children. The “paramount

concern for the children’s best interest [is] evidenced throughout Indiana family law[.]”

In re Adoption of K.S.P., 804 N.E.2d 1253, 1257 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004) (citing Stout v.

Tippecanoe County Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 182 Ind. App. 404, 411, 395 N.E.2d 444, 448

(1979)). The term “best interests” is found in dozens of family law statutes in Title 31

and has been applied in hundreds of cases. That standard seeks to assure that a court

chooses a course of action regarding a child that would best serve the child at issue.

       The Consent Order provides, in relevant part:

       6.     When the children were placed in the care of their maternal
              grandmother by the Marion County Department of Child Services in
              April 2008, both [C.R.R.] and [S.A.R.] were experiencing a number
              of problems. In the two years that they have been living with
              [D.M.T.], the children have made significant improvement.

                                             5
       7.     [C.R.R.] and [S.A.R.] are bonded to [D.M.T.] and have thrived while
              in her care.

       8.     It would be harmful to [C.R.R.] and [S.A.R.] to be removed from
              [D.M.T.].

       9.     To maintain the significant progress they have made, [C.R.R.] and
              [S.A.R.] need the stability and emotional permanency that only
              adoption can provide.

       10.    It is in the children’s best interests to dispense with their father’s
              consent to their adoption by [D.M.T.].

Id. at 43. In other words, the trial court found that the children suffered from problems

following the death of their sister and that the children have made significant

improvement in D.M.T.’s care, are bonded to her, and thrive with her. The court further

found that removing the children from her would be harmful and, similarly, that

remaining in her care is necessary because they need the “stability and emotional

permanency that only adoption can provide.” Id. Based on these findings, the trial court

determined that dispensing with Father’s consent is in the best interests of the children.

       Nonetheless, Father contends that the “need for permanency, and the

appropriateness of [D.M.T.’s] home, are insufficient as a matter of law to support the

conclusion that waiver of [his] consent was in the [children’s] best interests.”

Appellant’s Brief at 13. But Father’s argument ignores the totality of the court’s findings

on this issue, which are quoted and discussed above. The trial court’s findings show that

proceeding with the adoption is in the best interests of the children. Thus, we conclude

that the trial court’s determination that dispensing with Father’s consent is in the best

interests of the children is not clearly erroneous.

                                               6
       Father also contends that the trial court ignored certain evidence relevant to the

best interests determination.    Specifically, Father points to evidence regarding his

continuous contact with the children in various forms. He also asserts that the trial court

“fail[ed] to account for those facts that the juvenile court had relied on in denying the

petition to terminate [Father’s] parental rights a year before.” Appellant’s Brief at 16.

These arguments amount to a request that we reweigh the evidence, which we will not

do. See J.S., 941 N.E.2d at 1109-10.

       In sum, the trial court found that proceeding with the adoption is in the best

interests of the children. As such, Father’s refusal to consent is not in the children’s best

interests and under these circumstances his consent to the adoption is not required, as

provided under Indiana Code Section 31-19-1-10. The trial court’s findings support its

determination that dispensing with Father’s consent to D.M.T.’s adoption of C.R.R. and

S.A.R. is in the best interests of the children. Thus, we affirm the Adoption Decree.

       Affirmed.

KIRSCH, J., and MAY, J., concur.

                                             7