Court Opinion

ID: 4529675
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-04-29 14:09:01.120222+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:44:33.754332
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                                APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon an y court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited . R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-0281-18T1

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

OMAR BRIDGES,

     Defendant-Appellant.
_______________________________

                   Submitted February 13, 2020 – Decided April 29, 2020

                   Before Judges Nugent and Suter.

                   On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                   Division, Essex County, Indictment Nos. 05-11-2686
                   and 05-11-2687.

                   Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
                   appellant (Karen A. Lodeserto, Designated Counsel, on
                   the brief).

                   Theodore N. Stephens II, Acting Essex County
                   Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (Caroline C. Galda,
                   Special Deputy Attorney General/Acting Assistant
                   Prosecutor, of counsel and on the briefs).

                   Appellant filed pro se supplemental briefs.
PER CURIAM

      Defendant Omar Bridges appeals the June 22, 2018 order that denied his

petition for post-conviction relief (PCR) without an evidentiary hearing. For

reasons that follow, we affirm.

                                     I.

      Defendant was indicted under two separate indictments. Following his

conviction in 2007 by a jury, we reversed the convictions and remanded for a

new trial. See State v. Omar Bridges, No. A-0806-07 (App. Div. Sept. 8, 2010)

(slip. op. at 44).   After the second jury trial held in 2012, defendant was

convicted under indictment 05-11-2686 of first- degree attempted murder of a

police officer, N.J.S.A. 2C:5-1 and N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3 (count one); second-degree

aggravated assault of a police officer, N.J.S.A. 2C:12-1(b)(1) (count two); third-

degree unlawful possession of a weapon, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5(b) (count five);

second-degree possession of a weapon, a handgun, for an unlawful purpose,

N.J.S.A. 2C:39-4(a) (count six); second-degree possession of an assault weapon,

N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5(f) (count seven); and third-degree receiving stolen property,

N.J.S.A. 2C:20-7 (count nine). He also was convicted under indictment 05-11-

2687 of second-degree possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, N.J.S.A.

2C:39-7(b).

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      Defendant was sentenced to an aggregate, extended term of thirty years in

prison on indictment 05-11-2686 subject to the No-Early Release Act (NERA),

N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.2, and to a ten-year consecutive term under indictment 05-11-

2687 with a five-year period of parole ineligibility. We affirmed defendant's

conviction and his sentence on each count except count seven, which was

remanded to the trial court for reconsideration. See State v. Omar Bridges, No.

A-1817-12 (App. Div. July 2, 2014) (slip. op. at 25-26). Defendant's petition

for certification was denied. State v. Bridges, 220 N.J. 101 (2014).

      Defendant was resentenced in June 2016. On indictment 05-11-2686,

defendant was sentenced to an aggregate prison term of twenty-eight years, nine

months subject to NERA, and on indictment 05-11-2687, to a term of ten-years

in prison with a five-year period of parole ineligibility to run concurrently with

the other indictment.

      Defendant filed a PCR petition and also appealed his sentence as

excessive. The PCR petition was withdrawn without prejudice pending the

outcome of the appeal. In 2017, we affirmed defendant's sentence. See State v.

Omar Bridges, A-00518-16 (App. Div. Feb. 7, 2017).

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         Defendant's PCR petition was reinstated. Following oral argument, the

PCR court denied defendant's petition on June 22, 2018. Defendant appeals that

order.

         The convictions arose from an incident in Newark in October 2004 where

"[defendant] and others stole a Jaguar, engaged in a shoot-out with occupants of

a black Subaru, and shot a police officer during an ensuing chase." Bridges,

slip. op. at 2.

              Officer [Eduardo] Patinho stopped the patrol car
              approximately ten feet from the Jaguar and turned on
              the patrol car's spotlight, which illuminated the left side
              of the Jaguar. The officer then got out of the patrol car,
              service weapon drawn, and repeatedly yelled to the
              Jaguar's rear passenger, "let me see your hands." The
              passenger shot Officer Patinho through his left
              shoulder. After shooting the officer, the passenger
              "[stuck] his head out the window" and the officer "[got]
              a clear shot at him, looking at him." Officer Patinho
              fired five rounds at "the individual behind the driver's
              side of the Jaguar" before the passenger shot him in the
              jaw and “blew everything out."

              [Id. at 6-7.]

         Defendant's PCR petition and his supporting certifications alleged

ineffective assistance of counsel.       Defendant raised issues about his trial

counsel's performance at trial by failing to ask questions, make objections or

appropriately cross-examine witnesses, including Officer Patinho. Defendant

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claimed his attorney did not object when references were made at trial about

gang affiliation (the gang claim). Defendant argued his attorney did not ask for

a Gross1 hearing before co-defendant Alphonese Ollie testified (the Gross claim)

or a Rule 104 hearing regarding a photograph of Ollie (the photo claim).

Defendant argued his trial attorney should have asked for a Wade2 hearing and

a "taint" hearing regarding Officer Patinho's identification of defendant during

the trial (the identification claim).        Defendant alleged his trial counsel

misadvised him about the penal consequences of a supposed plea offer, claiming

he did not know he was extended term eligible (the guilty plea claim).

        Defendant also claimed ineffective assistance by his appellate counsel.

Appeals counsel allegedly failed to argue that Brady3 was violated by the State's

failure to provide Ollie's photograph in discovery because defendant alleged the

photograph was exculpatory (the appellate photo claim). Defendant also alleged

his appellate counsel failed to raise an issue about the gang affiliation testimony

(the appellate gang claim).

1
    State v. Gross, 121 N.J. 1 (1990).
2
U.S. v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218 (1967).
3
    Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).
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      The PCR court denied the petition following oral argument.              In its

comprehensive written opinion, the PCR court found that certain issues—the

identification issue, the gang claim, the Gross claim, and the photo claim—were

raised in defendant's prior appeal and thus, were barred by Rule 3:22-5 from

being raised again. Even if they were not barred, the PCR court found these

issues did not satisfy the Strickland standards.

      The PCR court found that trial counsel's cross-examination of Officer

Patinho about his brief observation of defendant fell "within the wide range of

presumptively reasonable professional assistance." The PCR court determined

defendant was not prejudiced because his attorney emphasized in summation

that Officer Patinho's observation was quite brief. The PCR court concluded

defendant did not establish the verdict would have been affected had there been

further cross-examination about this issue.

      On the issue of gang affiliation, the trial court ruled in an in limine motion

that Ollie could not testify about defendant's gang affiliation and Ollie did not

do so at trial; Ollie only mentioned his own gang affiliation. The PCR court

reasoned because of the in limine ruling that "trial counsel did not have to object

to the admission of gang affiliation."        The PCR court found counsel's

performance was not deficient nor did defendant show he was prejudiced.

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      In the first trial, co-defendant Ollie testified defendant was the shooter.

In the second trial, Ollie testified he was the shooter. The PCR court rejected

defendant's argument that his trial attorney should have objected to the lack of

a Gross hearing regarding Ollie's prior statements, concluding the trial court

held a Gross hearing, in substance, before determining the prior statements made

by Ollie were reliable. The PCR court determined defendant's trial counsel

"could not have been deficient for not objecting to testimony that was duly

admitted following an entirely proper hearing."        The PCR court denied

defendant's claim of prosecutorial misconduct because introduction of Ollie's

prior statements were "judicially authorized."

      Defendant alleged Ollie's testimony in the first trial about who shot

Officer Patinho was coerced by the police. He claimed the prosecutor did not

provide his attorney with a photograph of Ollie showing injuries to Ollie's face.

The PCR court found this claimed lack of discovery was "refuted by the trial

record." The photograph could not be authenticated at the second trial and was

not admitted in evidence. However, because Ollie testified to the jury about the

photograph's content, defendant did not show prejudice under the second prong

of Strickland.

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      The PCR court denied defendant's claim his trial attorney was ineffective

in plea negotiations. The PCR court found defendant's claim about a plea offer

by the State to be a "bald assertion" because "there [was] no proof that a plea

offer was ever tendered by the State." The pretrial memorandum, signed by

defendant prior to the first trial, stated that no plea was offered. Defendant's

claim he did not know he was extended term eligible was belied by the same

pretrial memorandum, which showed defendant's "maximum exposure was 115

years in custody, the practical equivalent of life imprisonment." Even if an offer

had been made as defendant claimed, the PCR court found a "formidable

obstacle" to any trial court accepting such a plea. Defendant testified at his first

trial that he did not shoot Officer Patinho.       The PCR court reasoned that

defendant would perjure himself by pleading guilty because he would have to

admit to a factual basis for the crimes.      Another issue was that defendant

certified he would have been "'compelled' to accept the State's (non-existent)

plea offer." The PCR court observed that compulsion was not consistent with

"the entry of a voluntary guilty plea as required under R[ule] 3:9-2."

      Regarding defendant's claims of ineffective assistance by his appellate

attorney, the PCR court found defendant had "directly benefited from appellate

counsel's ability to 'winnow out' weaker arguments and focus on stronger ones."

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The PCR court concluded appellate counsel was not ineffective for failing to

raise claims that lacked substantive merit such as the gang issue and the

photograph issue.

      The PCR court denied defendant's request for an evidentiary hearing

because defendant did not "present a prima facie case in support of his claim

that counsel was ineffective."

      On appeal defendant's PCR counsel raises the following issue:

            THE PCR COURT ERRED IN DENYING
            DEFENDANT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING
            BECAUSE TESTIMONY IS NEEDED REGARDING
            THE SUBSTANCE OF THE LEGAL ADVICE PLEA
            COUNSEL    PROVIDED    TO   DEFENDANT
            REGARDING A POTENTIAL PLEA OFFER
            TENDERED BY THE STATE PRIOR TO THE
            SECOND TRIAL.

      Defendant filed a separate brief raising the following issues on appeal:

            POINT ONE

            APPELLANT WAS SUBJECTED TO INEFFECTIVE
            ASSISTANCE OF APPELLATE COUNSEL BY
            COUNSEL NOT RAISING A CLAIM THAT THE
            STATE VIOLATED ITS OBLIGATION TO
            DISCOLSE (sic) EXCULPATORY EVIDENCE
            BEFORE TRIAL AND ONCE THIS EVIDENCE
            BECAME KNOWN TO THE DEFENSE THE STATE
            OBJECTED TO THE USE OF SAID EVIDENCE TO
            BAR DEFENDANT (sic) USE.

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            POINT TWO

            APPELLANT WAS SUBJECTED TO INEFFECTIVE
            ASSISTANCE OF TRIAL COUNSEL BY FAILING
            TO MOVE FOR A GROSS HEARING WHICH
            RESULTED IN AN UNFAIR TRIAL THAT
            VIOLATED     THE   DEFENDANT'S  RIGHTS
            GUARANTEED BY THE U.S. CONST. AMENDS. V
            AND XIV, 1; N.J. CONST. ART I, PAR 1,
            THEREFORE THE MATTER SHOULD BE
            REVERSED AND/OR REMANDED TO THE TRIAL
            COURT TO CONDUCT A GROSS HEARING SINCE
            THE CREDIBILITY OF THE STATE'S WITNESS
            CLEARLY AND CONVINCINGLY CONSTITUTED
            A DENIAL OF JUSTICE.

            POINT THREE

            DEFENDANT CONTENDS THAT HIS TRIAL
            ATTORNEY WAS INEFFECTIVE FOR NOT
            REQUESTING A TAINT HEARING WHERE
            DEFENDANT'S CASE CLEARLY SHOWS ITS
            NECESSITY.

                                     II.

      The standard for determining whether counsel's performance was

ineffective for purposes of the Sixth Amendment was formulated in Strickland

v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), and adopted by our Supreme Court in State

v. Fritz, l05 N.J. 42 (1987). In order to prevail on a claim of ineffective

assistance of counsel, defendant must meet the two-prong test of establishing

both that: (1) counsel's performance was deficient and he or she made errors that

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                                      10
were so egregious that counsel was not functioning effectively as guaranteed by

the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution; and (2) the defect in

performance prejudiced defendant's rights to a fair trial such that there exists a

"reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result

of the proceeding would have been different." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.

         Defendant contends his trial attorney advised him about a fifteen-year plea

offer subject to NERA prior to the second trial. He claims he was not aware at

that time of his eligibility for an extended term sentence. Defendant argues had

he known this, he "would have been impelled to accept the far less severe term

offer of 15 w/85% NERA." He requests an evidentiary hearing to address this

claim.

         The record shows defendant's allegations were supported only by self-

serving assertions and bare allegations. See State v. Cummings, 321 N.J. Super.
154, 170 (App. Div. 1999) (providing "a petitioner must do more than make bald

assertions that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel"). Defendant

presented no evidence he was offered a plea deal. He did not refute that the

pretrial memorandum he signed indicated no plea was offered. We agree with

the PCR judge that defendant's "bald" claim did not present a prima facie case

of ineffective assistance.

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      Defendant's claim he did not know he was extended term eligible also

lacked support. No one refuted that the pretrial memorandum showed defendant

faced a very lengthy period of incarceration if he were convicted of the charges.

See R. 3:9-1(f) (providing that the pretrial memorandum sets forth among other

things, the pending charges, maximum possible sentence on each charge, and

the State's final plea offer). We are satisfied defendant did not show evidence

of a prima facie case of ineffective assistance on this issue.

      Defendant raises three other issues in his pro se supplemental brief—the

photograph issue, the Gross hearing issue and the identification issue. We agree

with the PCR court that the issues do not warrant PCR relief.

      Post-conviction relief is not a substitute for a direct appeal. R. 3:22–3.

"[A] defendant may not employ post-conviction relief to assert a new claim that

could have been raised on direct appeal . . . or to relitigate a claim already

decided on the merits . . . ." State v. Goodwin, 173 N.J. 583, 593 (2002).

      We previously addressed the identification issue when we affirmed

defendant's convictions. Bridges, slip. op. at 11-21. Before the second trial,

defendant moved to suppress Officer Patinho's identification of him that had

been made during the first trial. He claimed the prior identification "would

'implicate issues of whether or not [the officer] should be allowed to make any

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in-court identification, because . . . it would be tainted by the prior

identification.'" Bridges, slip. op. at 12. Defendant argued the "principles

underlying Henderson 4 and Chen5 [both of which address pre-trial identification

procedures] apply with equal force to an in-court identification that takes place

at trial." Slip. op. at 18. We disagreed, finding that "[n]umerous safeguards

available to a defendant after an indictment and the appointment or retention of

counsel significantly distinguish pre-indictment showups from in-court

identifications at trial." Slip. op. at 21.

       In this appeal, defendant argues Officer Patinho's identification was

tainted and his defense attorney was ineffective for not requesting a "taint"

hearing.    We agree with the PCR court, however, that counsel's cross-

examination fell "within the wide range of presumptively reasonable

professional assistance." Defense counsel raised issues about taint in cross-

examination and in summation. The fact that the jury was not persuaded does

not mean there was ineffective assistance of counsel.

       Defendant argues the PCR court erred by denying PCR relief based on

trial counsel's failure to object to Ollie's testimony without first conducting a

4
    State v. Henderson, 208 N.J. 208 (2011).
5
    State v. Chen, 208 N.J. 307 (2011).
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                                          13
Gross hearing. Whether a prior inconsistent statement is admissible is governed

by N.J.R.E. 803(a)(1). State v. Johnson, 421 N.J. Super. 511, 516 (App. Div.

2011). A prior inconsistent statement made under circumstances establishing

its reliability can be admissible as substantive evidence. Gross, 121 N.J. at 7-9.

      The record revealed that Ollie gave prior testimony that was inconsistent

with his trial testimony in the second trial. These prior statements consisted of

testimony by Ollie at his guilty plea and the first trial. Both statements were

given under oath. Over the objection of trial counsel, the trial court instructed

the jury about factors it should consider in determining whether the statement

was reliable and if so, to "weigh it along with the other evidence." If the

statement was not reliable, it could not be considered for any purpose. We agree

with the PCR court that trial counsel "could not have been deficient for not

objecting to testimony that was duly admitted following an entirely proper

hearing" and thus, that Strickland was not satisfied.

      Defendant argues his appellate counsel provided ineffective assistance by

not raising the issue the State violated Brady by not disclosing Ollie's

photograph. At trial, both attorneys acknowledged the photograph of Ollie was

a "tracking" photograph that was not discovered because it was attached to the

wrong document. The photograph was not admitted in evidence because it could

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not be authenticated. However, Ollie already had testified to the jury he had

been physically assaulted.

         Here, the jury heard Ollie's testimony about the alleged assault. The

photograph could not be admitted because it could not be authenticated. Both

counsel indicated on the record they were not aware of the photograph because

it had been attached to the wrong document. The issue was identified prior to

jury selection.

         The PCR court did not err in determining there was not ineffective

assistance by trial counsel. Appellate counsel did not have a duty to raise every

issue advanced by defendant. See State v. Morrison, 215 N.J. Super. 540, 549

(App. Div. 1987) (providing "appellate counsel does not have a constitutional

duty to raise every non[-]frivolous issue requested by the defendant"). The

question was "whether in the absence of the undisclosed evidence the defendant

received a fair trial . . . ." State v. Nelson, 155 N.J. 487, 500 (1998). In light of

Ollie's testimony about his injuries and the content of the photograph, defendant

did not show appellate counsel handled the matter in a manner that was

professionally deficient or that defendant was prejudiced by not raising this

issue.

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      We are satisfied from our review of the record that defendant failed to

make a prima facie showing of ineffectiveness of trial and appellate counsel

within the Strickland-Fritz test. Accordingly, the PCR court correctly concluded

that an evidentiary hearing was not warranted. See State v. Preciose, 129 N.J.
451, 462-63 (1992).

      Affirmed.

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