Court Opinion

ID: 867661
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-05-13 15:07:29.553217+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:34:25.051985
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                            For the Eighth Circuit
                        ___________________________

                                No. 12-3369
                        ___________________________

                                  Jon R. Tollefson

                        lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellee

                                           v.

                               DeAnn Marie Pladson

                      lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellant
                                      ____________

                     Appeal from United States District Court
                     for the District of North Dakota - Fargo
                                  ____________

                              Submitted: May 1, 2013
                               Filed: May 13, 2013
                                  [Unpublished]
                                  ____________

Before BYE, ARNOLD, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
                           ____________

PER CURIAM.

      DeeAnn Marie Pladson appeals the district court’s order granting Jon R.
Tollefson default judgment in his 15 U.S.C. § 1114(2)(D) complaint against Pladson;
granting summary judgment for Tollefson on Pladson’s counterclaim; and entering
judgment for Tollefson.1 We reverse.

       Tollefson filed the instant action in June 2011, seeking to enjoin enforcement
of an arbitration panel’s decision ordering transfer of a domain name to Pladson.
Pladson counterclaimed under 15 U.S.C. § 8131 (cyberpiracy protections). In the
ensuing six-month period, Tollefson moved under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
12(b)(6) to dismiss the counterclaim; for sanctions; for summary judgment on the
counterclaim; to compel discovery; and for default under Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 55(a) (providing for entry of default). During the same period, Pladson
resisted the Rule 12(b)(6) motion; the court was advised that settlement negotiations
were ongoing; and Pladson offered evidence reflecting that after a settlement was
reached, Tollefson was disputing its validity.

       In the meantime, the district court adopted a magistrate judge’s report
recommending denial of Tollefson’s Rule 12(b)(6) motion, but the following month,
the court granted Tollefson’s motion for entry of default and his motion for summary
judgment, stating that because the counterclaim “diametrically oppose[d]” the
complaint, the summary judgment motion constituted “a complete motion for
summary judgment.” In justifying the default judgment, the court cited (1) Pladson’s
failure to respond to Tollefson’s motions, recognizing that Pladson had resisted
responding because of the settlement, but noting that she had not moved to compel
enforcement of the settlement despite being directed to do so; and (2) Pladson’s failure
to respond to the summary judgment motion within the time required by local rules,
which amounted to her failure to defend against “an affirmative pleading for
judgment.” The court entered judgment for Tollefson and directed that the domain
name be returned to him.

      1
        Pladson also appeals the denial of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) relief,
but because we conclude that the district court erred in granting default judgment in
the first instance, we need not, and do not, reach the denial of Rule 60(b) relief.

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       We conclude that the district court erred in granting judgment to Tollefson.
First, to the extent the court entered a default-based grant of the unresisted but
unsupported motion for summary judgment, this was error. See Mack v. Dillon, 594
F.3d 620, 622-23 (8th Cir. 2010) (per curiam) (under Fed. R. Civ. P. 56, nonmoving
party need not respond unless party moving for summary judgment discharges initial
burden); see also Holloway v. Lockhart, 813 F.2d 874, 880 (8th Cir. 1987) (local rules
may not conflict with Federal Rules of Civil Procedure). Second, the court entered
default judgment without first directing a clerk’s entry of default under Rule 55(a).
See Johnson v. Dayton Elec. Mfg. Co., 140 F.3d 781, 783 (8th Cir. 1998) (entry of
default under Rule 55(a) must precede grant of default judgment under Fed. R. Civ.
R. 55(b)). Third, we cannot find that Pladson’s conduct amounted to a “fail[ure] to
plead or otherwise defend.” See Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a). While Pladson and her counsel
may have been unwise and possibly careless in ignoring Tollefson’s motions, their
behavior was understandable: by the time that Tollefson filed his motions for
summary judgment and to compel, the magistrate judge had already conducted
hearings on the motions to dismiss and for sanctions, and had recommended denying
the motion to dismiss. In these circumstances, it was not unreasonable for Pladson to
await the district court’s consideration of the magistrate judge’s recommendation on
the motion to dismiss. As for the motion to compel, Pladson could reasonably have
expected that the worst outcome would be a grant of the motion. While it is true
that--in one order--the magistrate judge told Pladson that she “should” respond to the
two pending motions, Pladson objected to this aspect of the order, providing evidence
of the settlement in addition to that already filed with the court. Pladson was entitled
to review by the district court of her objection, see Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(a), and it was
not unreasonable for her to await that review.

      Fourth, we do not view the district court’s advice to Pladson–that the court
could not dispose of the case based on the settlement without a motion to enforce it–as
an order directing her to file such a motion. This is especially so, given the court’s
statement that, if such a motion were filed, the court would hold a hearing on all

                                          -3-
pending motions. And significantly, the foregoing order was entered while the request
for entry of default was pending. Pladson could not have reasonably expected that her
failure to file the motion to enforce, while awaiting the court’s review of her
objections to the magistrate judge’s order described above, would result in the default
judgment that occurred. In sum, while Pladson’s conduct may have been overly lax,
it was a far cry from those cases in which a court has deemed that a party has “total[ly]
fail[ed] to participate in the litigation,” and we conclude that the district court abused
its discretion by entering default judgment. See Ackra Direct Mktg. Corp. v.
Fingerhut Corp., 86 F.3d 852, 854-57 (8th Cir. 1996) (default judgment for failure to
defend is appropriate when conduct includes intentional delays, willful violations of
court rules, or contumacious conduct; affirming default judgment where, during 22-
month period when defendants were represented by counsel, they filed late, non-
responsive, or no answers to discovery requests, requiring three orders to compel
discovery, and after counsel withdrew, did not participate in litigation at all, could not
be contacted by plaintiff’s counsel, and failed to appear for final pretrial conference).

     For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is reversed, and we
remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
                       ______________________________

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