Court Opinion

ID: 3013955
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Date Created: 2015-10-13 21:59:39.453468+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:03:27.027556
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Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

7-22-2004

Noriega v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-2899

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Recommended Citation
"Noriega v. Atty Gen USA" (2004). 2004 Decisions. Paper 470.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2004/470

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                                                  NOT PRECEDENTIAL

        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
             FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                        No. 03-2899

          JOSE NORIEGA; ESTHER NORIEGA,

                                        Petitioners

                             v.

       JOHN ASHCROFT, ATTORNEY GENERAL
        OF THE UNITED STATES; BUREAU OF
          CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION
           SERVICES DISTRICT DIRECTOR,

                                        Respondents

       On Petition for Review of a Final Order of the
               Board of Immigration Appeals
                   (Nos. A93-475-076/7)

        Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                      July 1, 2004

Before: AMBRO, ALDISERT and STAPLETON, Circuit Judges

               (Opinion filed July 22, 2004)

                        OPINION
AM BRO, Circuit Judge

       Petitioners Jose Noriega and Esther Noriega appeal from the order of the Board of

Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) affirming the denial by an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) of

cancellation of removal because the Noriegas had not made a requisite showing of

exceptional and extremely unusual hardship. Because we are statutorily precluded from

reviewing discretionary decisions such as we have here, we must deny the Noriegas’

petition for review.

                           I.   Facts and Procedural Posture

       The Noriegas are natives of Peru. Jose Noriega entered the United States in 1986

and Esther Noriega entered in 1988. In response to Notices to Appear issued by the

Immigration and Nationalization Service (“INS”) 1, the Noriegas appeared before an IJ in

2001 and admitted that they were removable under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i) for having

entered the United States without inspection. They applied for relief from removal in the

form of cancellation of removal under 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b).

       In July 2001 the IJ denied the Noriegas’ application for cancellation, finding that

they had not met the statutory requirement of showing an “exceptional and extremely

unusual hardship” on a qualifying relative, in this case their ten-year old son Jonathan,

who is a United States citizen. The IJ refused to admit untimely filed medical evidence

  1
   Subsequent to the events in question here, INS ceased to exist as an agency within the
Department of Justice and its enforcement functions were transferred to the Department
of Homeland Security. Homeland Security Act of 2002, §§ 441, 471, Pub. L. No. 107-
296, 116 Stat. 2135.

                                             2
that would have corroborated the Noriegas’ testimony that Jonathan suffers from asthma,

but the IJ held that, even with the medical evidence, Jonathan’s condition did not rise to

the level of an exceptional and extremely unusual hardship. The IJ also found that the

Noriegas’ application failed in a second respect, in that they did not submit sufficient

documentation to satisfy the ten-year continual physical presence requirement. The BIA

affirmed the IJ’s decision on appeal in June 2003 and the Noriegas petitioned for our

review.

                                      II.   Analysis

       While we ordinarily have jurisdiction to review a final removal order under 8

U.S.C. § 1252(a), Congress has also provided that “no court shall have jurisdiction to

review . . . any other decision or action of the Attorney General the authority for which is

specified under this subchapter [8 U.S.C. §§ 1151–1378] to be in the discretion of the

Attorney General.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B).

       The Immigration and Nationality Act provides that the Attorney General (through

his delegates, including the BIA and the IJ) may grant cancellation of removal to an alien

who, among other requirements, establishes that removal would result in exceptional and

extremely unusual hardship to a spouse, parent, or child who is a United States citizen. 8

U.S.C. § 1229b(b). Along with every federal appellate court that has considered the

issue, we have expressly held that the decision whether an alien meets the exceptional and

extremely unusual hardship requirement is a discretionary decision that, under

§ 1252(a)(2)(B), is ineligible for judicial review. Mendez-Moranchel v. Ashcroft, 338

                                              3
F.3d 176, 179 (3d Cir. 2003). Consequently, we may not disturb the BIA’s decision

affirming the IJ’s finding that the Noriegas did not satisfy the exceptional and extremely

unusual hardship requirement.

       The Noriegas also contend that the IJ’s refusal to consider medical reports

documenting Jonathan’s asthma violated their due process rights to a full and fair hearing.

But because the BIA incorporated the issue of the medical records’ admissibility into its

decision to affirm the IJ’s exceptional and extremely unusual hardship decision, we do

not view the constitutional claim as separate from the appeal of the discretionary

determination that the Noriegas did not establish exceptional or extremely unusual

hardship. Consequently, we are deprived of jurisdiction to consider the constitutional

claim as well.2

       Lastly, because the adverse exceptional and extremely unusual hardship finding

must stand, the Noriegas would not prevail on their application for cancellation of

removal even if we did overturn the IJ’s finding that they had not satisfied the ten-year

continuous physical presence requirement. Therefore, though we retain jurisdiction to

review the IJ’s findings on nondiscretionary factors, we need not evaluate the IJ’s

alternative basis for denying the Noriegas’ application for cancellation of removal.

                                    III.   Conclusion

  2
    Moreover, we note that because the BIA affirmed the IJ’s decision “even considering
these late-filed documents,” the Noriegas could not establish—even if we had
jurisdiction—that they were prejudiced by the BIA’s affirmance of the IJ’s refusal to
consider the medical reports, a necessary element of a due process claim. See, e.g.,
Wilson v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 377, 381 (3d Cir. 2003).

                                             4
       Under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B), we lack jurisdiction to review the IJ’s

discretionary finding that adverse exceptional and extremely unusual hardship did not

exist here. As such, we shall dismiss for lack of jurisdiction the Noriegas’ petition to

review the BIA’s affirmance of the IJ’s denial of cancellation of removal.

                                              5