Court Opinion

ID: 2763874
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-12-23 16:00:27.348015+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:44:55.744881
License: Public Domain

13-4054(L)
     NML Capital, Ltd. v. Republic of Argentina

                          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                     SUMMARY ORDER
     RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED
     ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
     PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A
     DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
     ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST
     SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

 1            At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals
 2       for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United
 3       States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York,
 4       on the 23rd day of December, two thousand fourteen.
 5
 6       PRESENT: RALPH K. WINTER,
 7                DENNIS JACOBS,
 8                BARRINGTON D. PARKER,
 9                              Circuit Judges.
10
11       - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -X
12       AURELIUS CAPITAL MASTER, LTD., ACP
13       MASTER, LTD., AURELIUS OPPORTUNITIES
14       FUND II, LLC, BLUE ANGEL CAPITAL I
15       LLC, DIETER SCHECK, LYDIA SCHECK,
16       AURELIUS CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP,
17                Plaintiffs-Appellees,
18
19       NML CAPITAL, LTD.,
20                Plaintiff-Counter-Defendant-
21                Appellee,
22
23                              -v.-
24                                                          13-4054(L)
25                                                          13-4059(CON),   13-4063(CON)
26                                                          13-4068(CON),   13-4075(CON),
27                                                          13-4082(CON),   13-4085(CON),
28                                                          13-4086(CON),   13-4088(CON),
29                                                          13-4089(CON),   13-4090(CON),

                                                  1
 1                                        13-4109(CON),   13-4110(CON),
 2                                        13-4112(CON),   13-4114(CON),
 3                                        13-4116(CON),   13-4118(CON),
 4                                        13-4119(CON),   13-4120(CON),
 5                                        13-4122(CON),   13-4123(CON),
 6                                        13-4124(CON),   13-4125(CON)
 7
 8   THE REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA,
 9            Defendant-Counter-Claimant-
10            Appellant.
11   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -X
12
13   FOR APPELLANT:             JONATHAN I. BLACKMAN (Carmine D.
14                              Boccuzzi, Daniel J. Northrop,
15                              and Michael M. Brennan, on the
16                              brief), Cleary Gottlieb Steen &
17                              Hamilton LLP, New York, New
18                              York.
19
20   FOR APPELLEES:             MATTHEW D. MCGILL (Theodore B.
21                              Olson, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher
22                              LLP, Washington, DC; Robert A.
23                              Cohen, Dechert LLP, New York,
24                              New York; Roy T. Englert, Jr.
25                              and Mark T. Stancil, Robbins,
26                              Russell, Englert, Orseck,
27                              Untereiner & Sauber LLP,
28                              Washington, DC; Martin Gusy,
29                              Cozen O’Connor, New York, New
30                              York, on the brief), Gibson,
31                              Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Washington,
32                              DC.
33
34        Appeal from an order of the United States District
35   Court for the Southern District of New York (Griesa, J.).
36
37        UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED
38   AND DECREED that the order of the district court be
39   AFFIRMED.
40
41        Appellant the Republic of Argentina (“Argentina” or the
42   “Republic”) appeals from the order of the United States
43   District Court for the Southern District of New York
44   (Griesa, J.), denying Argentina’s motions to quash and
45   granting appellees’ motions to compel with respect to
46   certain post-judgment discovery demands that appellees
47   served on Argentina and non-party banks. We assume the

                                  2
 1   parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the
 2   procedural history, and the issues presented for review.
 3
 4        Ordinarily, a post-judgment discovery order is not
 5   immediately appealable because it is not a final decision
 6   under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. EM Ltd. v. Republic of Argentina,
 7   695 F.3d 201, 205 (2d Cir. 2012). We have, however,
 8   exercised review under the collateral order doctrine over
 9   otherwise non-final orders that present issues of sovereign
10   immunity, Blue Ridge Investments, LLC v. Republic of
11   Argentina, 735 F.3d 72, 80 (2d Cir. 2013), or treaty
12   interpretation, Swarna v. Al-Awadi, 622 F.3d 123, 140-41 (2d
13   Cir. 2010), because such orders conclusively resolve
14   important issues that are separate from the merits and
15   unreviewable from final judgment, EM Ltd., 695 F.3d at 205-
16   06. Our review of the district court’s order is in that
17   category because Argentina invokes the Foreign Sovereign
18   Immunities Act (“FSIA”), the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic
19   Relations (“VCDR”), and the Vienna Convention on Consular
20   Relations (“VCCR”). Insofar as Argentina challenges the
21   order on other grounds, we exercise pendent appellate
22   jurisdiction over those additional issues “to ensure
23   meaningful review of the appealable order.” Myers v. Hertz
24   Corp., 624 F.3d 537, 552 (2d Cir. 2010) (citation and
25   internal quotation marks omitted).
26
27        District court rulings on motions to compel or motions
28   to quash are reviewed for abuse of discretion. See
29   Arista Records, LLC v. Doe 3, 604 F.3d 110, 117 (2d Cir.
30   2010); Gualandi v. Adams, 385 F.3d 236, 244-45 (2d Cir.
31   2004).
32
33        “[B]road post-judgment discovery in aid of execution is
34   the norm in federal and New York state courts.” EM Ltd.,
35   695 F.3d at 207. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 69(a)(2)
36   allows judgment creditors like appellees to “obtain
37   discovery from any person--including the judgment debtor--as
38   provided in these rules or by the procedure of the state
39   where the court is located.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 69(a)(2).
40   Both the federal and the New York state rules allow liberal
41   post-judgment discovery. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1)
42   (permitting discovery “regarding any nonprivileged matter
43   that is relevant to any party’s claim or defense”); N.Y.
44   C.P.L.R. § 5223 (permitting discovery of “all matter
45   relevant to the satisfaction of the judgment”).
46

                                  3
 1        Argentina challenges appellees’ discovery demands on a
 2   number of grounds.1 First, Argentina contends that the FSIA
 3   prohibits discovery of sovereign property that is
 4   potentially immune from attachment. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1609,
 5   1610. That argument, however, has already been rejected by
 6   the Supreme Court. Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital,
 7   Ltd., 134 S. Ct. 2250, 2256-58 (2014).
 8
 9        Second, Argentina argues that the VCDR and VCCR--
10   treaties to which the United States and Argentina are
11   signatories--prohibit (a) attachment of diplomatic and
12   consular property and (b) discovery of diplomatic and
13   consular documents. See, e.g., VCDR arts. 22, 24, 27; VCCR
14   arts. 33, 35.
15
16        We take no view on Argentina’s treaty interpretations
17   because even if those interpretations are correct,
18   appellees’ discovery demands need not be quashed. Insofar
19   as the discovery demands reach diplomatic or consular
20   property that is immune from attachment, Argentina should
21   object if and when appellees actually seek to execute on
22   such property; its “self-serving legal assertion” of
23   immunity does not entitle it to withhold otherwise
24   discoverable information. See NML Capital, 134 S. Ct. at
25   2257-58; see also EM Ltd., 695 F.3d at 209 (holding that a
26   judgment creditor “need not satisfy the stringent
27   requirements for attachment in order to simply receive
28   information about Argentina’s assets”). Insofar as the
29   discovery demands reach diplomatic or consular documents
30   that may be privileged or “inviolable” under the treaties,
31   Argentina should present its objections to the district
32   court in the form of assertions of privilege or
33   inviolability.
34
35        At this juncture, it is entirely speculative whether
36   documents Argentina regards as privileged or inviolable will
37   be responsive to appellees’ discovery requests and, if so,
38   whether appellees will persist in demanding such documents
39   in the face of particularized claims of privilege or

         1
              We recognize that each group of appellees served
     different discovery demands and, furthermore, that the
     demands served on Argentina differed from the demands served
     on non-party banks. While these distinctions may be
     important under certain circumstances, they do not affect
     the analysis.
                                  4
 1   inviolability by Argentina. Where the diplomatic (or
 2   military) documents of a foreign state are concerned, the
 3   district courts’ usual practice of examining contested
 4   documents in camera may not be practicable. Cf. Zuckerbraun
 5   v. Gen. Dynamics Corp., 935 F.2d 544, 546-48 (2d Cir. 1991)
 6   (“In camera review is a method by which a court can
 7   confidentially review the evidence for which a privilege is
 8   claimed and determine the propriety of the assertion of the
 9   privilege.”). The district court will modify usual
10   procedures to accommodate that unusual eventuality in a way
11   that is effective and respectful.
12
13        Third, Argentina argues that appellees’ discovery
14   demands reach military property that is immune from
15   attachment under the FSIA and international law. See 28
16   U.S.C. § 1611(b)(2). Again, the potential immunity of
17   property from attachment does not preclude discovery of that
18   property; indeed, discovery may be necessary for the parties
19   to properly litigate the existence of immunity. NML
20   Capital, 134 S. Ct. at 2257-58.
21
22        Finally, Argentina argues that appellees’ discovery
23   demands are overbroad because they reach entities--and, in
24   some cases, individuals--that are not alter egos of the
25   Republic and therefore not liable for Argentina’s debts.
26   The district court clearly considered this argument: in
27   permitting discovery to proceed, the court specifically
28   excluded certain discovery demands concerning Banco de la
29   Nación Argentina. In any event, we are not persuaded that
30   the district court abused its discretion by permitting
31   discovery that concerns entities legally distinct from
32   Argentina. Even if an entity is not an alter ego (and thus
33   is not liable for Argentina’s debts), it may nevertheless
34   hold attachable assets on behalf of Argentina. Furthermore,
35   an entity that is closely tied to (but legally distinct
36   from) Argentina may possess information about Argentina’s
37   assets, even if it does not own or hold those assets itself.
38   Again, “broad post-judgment discovery in aid of execution is
39   the norm in federal and New York state courts.” EM Ltd.,
40   695 F.3d at 207. To the extent that Argentina’s objections
41   also encompass assertions of head-of-state or foreign
42   official immunity under federal common law, Argentina should
43   present those objections in the same manner as it does
44   objections under the VCDR and VCCR.
45
46        Although we affirm the district court’s order in all
47   respects, we stress that Argentina--like all foreign

                                  5
 1   sovereigns--is entitled to a degree of grace and comity.
 2   Cf. Republic of Austria v. Altmann, 541 U.S. 677, 689
 3   (2004). These considerations are of particular weight when
 4   it comes to a foreign sovereign’s diplomatic and military
 5   affairs. Accordingly, we urge the district court to closely
 6   consider Argentina’s sovereign interests in managing
 7   discovery, and to prioritize discovery of those documents
 8   that are unlikely to prove invasive of sovereign dignity.
 9
10        For the foregoing reasons, and finding no merit in
11   Argentina’s other arguments, we hereby AFFIRM the order of
12   the district court. The mandate shall issue forthwith.
13
14                              FOR THE COURT:
15                              CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, CLERK
16

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