Court Opinion

ID: 2770409
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-01-15 22:00:58.144463+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:09:21.683069
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                            FILED
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT                               JAN 15 2015

                                                                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

MICHAEL J. DOBSON, an individual; et             No. 12-56729
al.,
                                                 D.C. No. 8:11-cv-00192-DOC-
              Plaintiffs - Appellants,           MLG

  v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
TWIN CITY FIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY, an Indiana corporation and
THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL
SERVICES GROUP, INC., a Delaware
corporation,

              Defendants - Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Central District of California
                    David O. Carter, District Judge, Presiding

                    Argued and Submitted December 10, 2014
                             Pasadena, California

Before: SILVERMAN, BEA, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.

       Plaintiffs Michael Dobson, Richard Teasta, Allen Braun, the Insureds, and

Ironshore Indemnity, Inc., their excess carrier, appeal the district court’s summary

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
                                         -2-
judgment in favor of primary insurer Twin City Fire Insurance Co. and its parent

The Hartford Financial Services Group, and the district court’s denial of their

partial motion for summary judgment. We have jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. §

1291. Reviewing both the grant and denial of summary judgment de novo,

Padfield v. AIG Life Ins. Co., 290 F.3d 1121, 1124 (9th Cir. 2002), and reviewing

evidentiary rulings for abuse of discretion and prejudice, Pyramid Techs., Inc. v.

Hartford Cas. Ins. Co., 752 F.3d 807, 813 (9th Cir. 2014), we reverse.

      I.     Policy Coverage for Invotex Action and Creditors Committee’s Claim

      The district court correctly ruled that to the extent the underlying lawsuit

against the Insureds sought restitution for fraudulent transfers rather than damages,

such claims are not covered by the Twin City policy. Unified W. Grocers v. Twin

City Fire Ins. Co., 457 F.3d 1106, 1115 (9th Cir. 2006). To the extent the claims

are based on allegations of “wilful act[s]” by, rather than negligence of, the

Insureds, they are also not insurable. Cal. Ins. Code § 533. However, the breach

of fiduciary duty claim does not seek specific restitution, but rather “damages” for

many overarching breaches of duty allegedly committed by the Insureds. Thus, it

is within coverage as alleging “wrongful acts.” The earlier Creditors’ Committee

claim also included a covered breach of fiduciary duty element, and the district

court erred in concluding that no coverage existed for that claim.
                                          -3-
      Further, neither the policy’s “prior notice” exclusion nor the “claim first

made” exclusion bar coverage. Those exclusions apply only to claims based on or

related to prior claims that were the subject of “any notice given under any other

directors and officers, management liability, or similar insurance policy.” The

earlier BAR and OCDA actions were noticed under another insurance policy, but

in those cases it was the insured business entity that was sued, so the notice would

have been given under the entity’s comprehensive general liability coverage. The

Insureds were named as natural person representatives of the entity in one action,

but they were not sued themselves. Therefore, there was no prior notice under a

“directors and officers . . . or similar insurance policy” triggering the exclusions.

      II.    Defendants Wrongfully Denied Coverage

      Defendants unequivocally denied coverage of the Creditors’ Committee’s

claim and the Invotex Action. Their argument that their communications with the

Insureds regarding coverage were “reservation of rights” letters in which they also

offered to pay a small portion of the Insureds’ costs for the breach of fiduciary duty

claim, is belied by the fact that Defendants repeatedly and emphatically stated that

“no coverage is available.” But there was coverage, as just explained. Defendants’

wrongful denial of coverage was an antecedent breach, excusing the Insureds’

failure to obtain Defendants’ consent prior to any settlement.
                                         -4-
      III.   Plaintiffs Submitted Appropriate Evidence of Loss

      The district court ruled that Plaintiffs submitted only two forms of evidence

of defense costs: a memorandum summarizing certain costs, and testimony by the

Insureds estimating their defense costs. The district court excluded this evidence

sua sponte on the ground that it violated the best evidence rule. Defendants’

failure to object to this evidence waived any objection. Skillsky v. Lucky Stores,

Inc., 893 F.2d 1088, 1094 (9th Cir. 1990). We note also that Defendants make no

effort to defend this ruling now. In any event, we fail to see how this evidence

would have been objectionable on best evidence grounds. The exclusion of this

evidence was erroneous.

      IV.    Conclusion

      Because part of the Creditors’ Committee’s claim and part of the Invotex

Action were covered by the Insureds’ policy, and because Defendants breached the

same policy’s terms by improperly denying coverage, the district court’s denial of

Plaintiffs’ motion for partial summary judgment, and grant of Defendants’ motion

for summary judgment, was in error. The decision is REVERSED and the case is

REMANDED for proceedings consistent with this Memorandum.