Court Opinion

ID: 4333077
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-14 01:01:48.494213+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:19:59.936818
License: Public Domain

DAVID AND CARYN PETERSON, Petitioners v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RespondentPeterson v. CommissionerNo. 1440-00United States Tax CourtT.C. Memo 2001-11; 2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22; 81 T.C.M. 1021; T.C.M. (RIA) 54215; January 22, 2001, Filed 2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22">*22  An order of dismissal for lack of jurisdiction will be entered.  Sheldon A. Smith, for petitioners.Melissa J. Hedtke, for respondent.  Parr, Carolyn MillerPARRMEMORANDUM OPINIONPARR, JUDGE: This case is before the Court on respondent's Motion To Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction (respondent's motion). Respondent seeks dismissal on the ground that the petition was filed untimely. Petitioners, in their objection to respondent's motion, allege that the petition was deposited in the mail before expiration of the 90-day period for filing and therefore was filed timely. As discussed in detail below, we shall grant respondent's motion.BACKGROUNDIn a notice of deficiency dated October 26, 1999, and sent by certified mail on that day, respondent determined a deficiency of $ 1,403 in petitioners' Federal income tax for the taxable year 1997. There is no dispute that respondent mailed the notice to petitioners' last known address. Petitioners resided in Columbus, North Dakota, at the time they filed their petition in this case. The petition, signed by petitioners' attorney, Sheldon A. Smith (Mr. Smith), is dated January 24, 2000.The envelope in which the petition2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22">*23  was mailed bears a private-meter stamp date that reads "Bismark N. Dak. Jan 24 '00". Affixed to the envelope are a certified mail receipt sticker (No. Z 354 628 323) and the anchors for the so-called certified mail green card used to confirm receipt. Neither the envelope nor the certified mail receipt sticker bears any U.S. Postal Service postmark. An employee of the Tax Court signed the green card on February 8, 2000, and it was returned to petitioners in due course by the U.S. Postal Service.Petitioners attached the affidavits of two of Mr. Smith's employees to their objection to respondent's motion. In the first affidavit, Michelle Leary stated that she did not alter the date on the private meter to falsify the date stamp, that the envelope containing petitioners' petition was put through the private meter, and that she instructed Laura Pfeifer (Ms. Pfeifer), a file clerk, to put the envelope in the mail. In the second affidavit, Ms. Pfeifer stated that she delivered the envelope to a U.S. Postal Service drop box in Bismark, North Dakota (Bismark), sometime after the post office was closed and before the time of the last mail pickup on the evening of January 24, 2000.DISCUSSION2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22">*24  Respondent contends that this case should be dismissed as the petition was not filed within the time prescribed by section 6213(a) and section 7502 and the regulations thereunder. 1The Court's jurisdiction to redetermine a deficiency depends upon the issuance of a valid notice of deficiency and a timely filed petition. See Rule 13(a), (c); Monge v. Commissioner, 93 T.C. 22">93 T.C. 22, 93 T.C. 22">27 (1989); Abeles v. Commissioner, 91 T.C. 1019">91 T.C. 1019, 91 T.C. 1019">1025 (1988); Normac, Inc. v. Commissioner, 90 T.C. 142">90 T.C. 142, 90 T.C. 142">147 (1988).The petition for redetermination of a deficiency must be filed with this Court within 90 days (or 150 days if the notice is addressed to a person outside the United States) after the notice of deficiency is mailed to the taxpayer. See sec. 6213(a). The time provided for filing a petition is jurisdictional and2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22">*25  cannot be extended. Failure to file within the prescribed period requires that the case be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. See Estate of Cerrito v. Commissioner, 73 T.C. 896">73 T.C. 896, 73 T.C. 896">898 (1980); Stone v. Commissioner, 73 T.C. 617">73 T.C. 617, 73 T.C. 617">618 (1980).In this case, the 90-day period for filing a timely petition with this Court pursuant to section 6213(a) expired on Monday, January 24, 2000.  2 The petition was not filed until Tuesday, February 8, 2000, which was 105 days after the mailing of the notice of deficiency.Although the petition was not timely filed, petitioners maintain that the petition was timely mailed to the Court on January 24, 2000, the last day of the 90-day period, and 15 days before the petition was delivered to the Court. Section 7502 and the regulations thereunder provide that, in certain circumstances, a timely mailed petition will be treated as though it were timely filed.Section 301.7502-1(c)(2), Proced. 2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22">*26  & Admin. Regs., provides:   If the document is sent by United States certified mail and the   sender's receipt is postmarked by the postal employee to whom   such document is presented, the date of the United States   postmark on such receipt shall be treated as the postmark date   of the document. Accordingly, the risk that the document will   not be postmarked on the day that it is deposited in the mail   may be overcome by the use of * * * certified mail.Although petitioners may have sent their petition by certified mail, this regulation does not apply here because petitioners never presented the sender's receipt to any postal employee and it was never postmarked. Cf.  Brown v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1982-165. In this circumstance, mailing their petition by certified mail provided petitioners no protection.Where the postmark in question is made by a private postage meter, the provisions implementing the "timely mailing/timely filing" rule are contained in section 301.7502-1(c)(1)(iii)(b), Proced. & Admin. Regs., which provides as follows:     (b) If the postmark on the envelope or wrapper is made 2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22">*27    other than by the United States Post Office, (1) the postmark so   made must bear a date on or before the last date, or the last   day of the period, prescribed for filing the document, and (2)   the document must be received by the agency, officer, or office   with which it is required to be filed not later than the time   when a document contained in an envelope or other appropriate   wrapper which is properly addressed and mailed and sent by the   same class of mail would ordinarily be received if it were   postmarked at the same point of origin by the United States Post   Office on the last date, or the last day of the period,   prescribed for filing the document. However, in case the   document is received after the time when a document so mailed   and so postmarked by the United States Post Office would   ordinarily be received, such document will be treated as having   been received at the time when a document so mailed and so   postmarked would ordinarily be received, if the person who is   required to file the document establishes (i) that it was   actually deposited in2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22">*28  the mail before the last collection of the   mail from the place of deposit which was postmarked (except for   the metered mail) by the United States Post Office on or before   the last date, or the last day of the period, prescribed for   filing the document, (ii) that the delay in receiving the   document was due to a delay in the transmission of the mail, and   (iii) the cause of such delay.The validity of this regulation has been upheld. See Lindemood v. Commissioner, 566 F.2d 646">566 F.2d 646, 566 F.2d 646">649 (9th Cir. 1977), affg. T.C. Memo 1975-195; Fishman v. Commissioner, 420 F.2d 491">420 F.2d 491, 420 F.2d 491">492 (2d Cir. 1970), affg.  51 T.C. 869">51 T.C. 869 (1969).On the basis of the record presented, we conclude that petitioners cannot avail themselves of the timely mailing/timely filing rule set forth in section 301.7502-1(c)(1)(iii)(b), Proced. & Admin. Regs.In general, the regulation requires that the petition be delivered to the Court within the ordinary mailing time for that class of mail. Petitioners concede that the ordinary delivery time for an item mailed from Bismark to Washington, D.C., is 3 to 5 days. The petition in this case2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22">*29  was delivered to the Court 15 days after it was allegedly mailed. It follows that the petition was not delivered to the Court within the ordinary mailing time.Where a petition is mailed to the Court in an envelope bearing a private postage meter postmark, but the petition is not delivered to the Court within the ordinary mailing time for that class of mail, a taxpayer seeking to rely on the timely mailing/timely filing rule must establish that the petition was actually deposited in the mail before the expiration of the 90-day period, that the delay in receiving the petition was due to a delay in the transmission of the mail, and the cause of the delay. See Selter v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2000-316.Petitioners have provided no evidence demonstrating that the delay in the delivery of the petition to the Court was due to a delay in the transmission of the mail or the cause of such a delay. To the contrary, petitioners admit in their objection to respondent's motion that they have not established either of these requirements: "Petitioner [sic] and their attorney do not understand why the mail was not received by the Tax Court within three days. It appears the weather2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22">*30  should not have complicated the mailing process, however this factor has not been thoroughly explored."The petition was received by the Court after expiration of the statutory filing period, and petitioners have failed to prove the facts necessary under the regulations to establish timely filing by mail. Therefore this case must be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. 3 This result could easily have been avoided if the envelope or the certified mail sender's receipt had been postmarked by the U.S. Postal Service on or before January 24, 2000. See sec. 7502(a), (c); sec. 301.7502-1(c)(2), Proced. & Admin. Regs.To reflect the foregoing,An order of dismissal for lack of jurisdiction2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 22">*31  will be entered.  Footnotes1. Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.↩2. Jan. 24, 2000, was not a legal holiday in the District of Columbia.↩3. We note, finally, that petitioners need not be denied their day in court as they may pay the deficiency, file a claim for refund, and, if the claim is denied, commence an action in U.S. District Court or the U.S. Court of Federal Claims to recover the tax paid. See Drake v. Commissioner, 554 F.2d 736">554 F.2d 736, 554 F.2d 736">739↩ (5th Cir. 1977).