Court Opinion

ID: 4348545
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-12-07 20:34:46.069045+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:53:16.092697
License: Public Domain

FINAL REPORT1

      Amendment of Pa.Rs.Crim.P. 150 and 522 and Revision of the Comment to
                               Pa.R.Crim.P. 151

              MATERIAL WITNESS UNDER 18 TAKEN INTO CUSTODY

       On December 7, 2018, effective April 1, 2019, upon the recommendation of the
Criminal Procedural Rules Committee, the Court amended Rules 150 (Bench Warrants)
and 522 (Detention of Witnesses) and revised the Comment to Rule 151 (Bench
Warrant Procedures When Witness is under Age of 18 Years) to clarify that the bench
warrant procedures in Rule 151 are applicable to the situation when a material witness
who is under the age of 18 is to be taken into custody.

       The Committee was posed with the question of what should be done when a
material witness who is taken into custody pursuant to Rule 522 is under the age of 18.
Rule 522 (Detention of Witnesses) provides procedures for restricting the liberty of a
material witness when there is cause to believe the witness will not appear for trial. The
rule provides that, upon application of the Commonwealth or defense counsel, a court
may set bail for a witness who likely is not to appear to testify. Process may be issued
to bring the witness before the court for purposes of demanding bail. Paragraph (B) of
the rule provides that, if the witness cannot satisfy the conditions of bail, the witness
may be committed to jail but must have the opportunity to post bail at any time.

       Rule 151 (Bench Warrant Procedures When Witness is Under Age of 18 Years)
was developed in 2013 to provide procedures for bench warrants issued to minor
witnesses who failed to respond to a subpoena. This was based on Rule of Juvenile
Court Procedure 140 (Bench Warrants for Failure to Appear at Hearings) and was
intended to address the various issues that arise when a person under the age of 18 is
taken into custody. Rule 151 includes required notice to the issuing authority and
parents or guardians as well as procedures to ensure early judicial review for an under-
18 witness who is being held. See 43 Pa.B. 6655 (November 9, 2013).

      The Committee concluded that the same protections should apply for those
under-18 determined to be reluctant material witnesses as is provided for under-18
witnesses who have failed to respond to subpoenas. Therefore, a new paragraph (D)
has been added to Rule 522 that states that the Rule 151 procedures apply in these

1The Committee's Final Reports should not be confused with the official Committee
Comments to the rules. Also, note that the Supreme Court does not adopt the
Committee's Comments or the contents of the Committee's explanatory Final Reports.

Post-indictment Arrest Warrant Procedures Final Report: 11/09/2018
circumstances. A revision to the Comment to Rule 151 similarly states that the
procedures in Rule 151 apply to an under-18 witness being detained pursuant to Rule
522. Additionally, a cross-reference to Rule 522 has been to the Rule 150 (Bench
Warrants) Comment.

       During the Committee’s discussion, it was noted that the practice in Philadelphia
was for bench warrant hearings to be conducted by Philadelphia Municipal Court judges
in addition to being held by Philadelphia trial commissioners. This has been clarified by
an amendment to paragraph (B) of Rule 150 and by a revision to the Comment.

Detention of Material Witnesses under 18 Final Report: 12/07/2018                     -2-