Court Opinion

ID: 2726687
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:08:04.489656+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:09:13.321736
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                            Jul 31 2013, 6:42 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                             ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

RANDY M. FISHER                                     GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Leonard, Hammond, Thoma & Terrill                   Attorney General of Indiana
Fort Wayne, Indiana
                                                    KATHERINE MODESITT COOPER
                                                    Deputy Attorney General
                                                    Indianapolis, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

JOSHUA A. YENNA,                                    )
                                                    )
       Appellant-Defendant,                         )
                                                    )
               vs.                                  )      No. 02A03-1211-CR-499
                                                    )
STATE OF INDIANA,                                   )
                                                    )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                          )

                      APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT
                          The Honorable Wendy W. Davis, Judge
                             Cause No. 02D05-1112-FD-1733

                                          July 31, 2013

                MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

BRADFORD, Judge
       On April 3, 2011, Appellant-Defendant Joshua Yenna was engaged in a heated

argument with his girlfriend. During the course of this argument, Yenna picked up a lamp

and threw it at his girlfriend. The lamp missed his girlfriend, instead striking her seven-year-

old daughter in the face. The child suffered a laceration to her nose that required medical

treatment. Yenna was subsequently charged with Class D felony battery and Class D felony

criminal recklessness. Yenna was also alleged to be a habitual offender. Following a two-

day jury trial, Yenna was found guilty of Class D felony battery and not guilty of Class D

felony criminal recklessness. The jury also determined that Yenna was not a habitual

offender. At sentencing, the trial court sentenced Yenna to three years with one and one-half

years suspended to probation. On appeal, Yenna challenges the sufficiency of the evidence

to prove that he knowingly or intentionally struck his girlfriend’s daughter with the lamp.

Concluding that the evidence is sufficient to sustain Yenna’s conviction, we affirm.

                        FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       On April 3, 2011, Christine Hagan and her boyfriend, Yenna, were at Christine’s

apartment. Christine’s children, Yenna’s daughter, and Yenna’s mother were also present.

At some point during the evening, Christine and Yenna became engaged in a heated

argument. When Christine and Yenna began arguing, they were in Christine’s bedroom, but

the argument continued as they moved to the living room. During the course of this

argument, Yenna apparently decided to leave Christine’s apartment with his daughter.

However, before Yenna left the apartment, Christine said something offensive to Yenna

about his daughter. This statement upset Yenna, who then grabbed a lamp. Yenna threw the

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lamp at Christine but missed, instead hitting Christine’s seven-year-old daughter, M.H. in the

face. M.H. was injured after being struck by the lamp.

       Christine soon thereafter realized that M.H. required medical attention to treat the

wound suffered as a result of being struck by the lamp. Christine took M.H. to the hospital

emergency room where she was treated by medical personnel in triage. M.H. told triage

emergency technician Jennifer Bell that a lamp was thrown at her head. M.H. also told

physician’s assistant Abigail Bort that while her mother and Yenna argued, Yenna threw a

lamp at her mom but the lamp struck her instead of her mom. In addition to M.H.’s

statements to Bell and Bort, Christine told registered nurse Rebecca Beaubien that she and

Yenna argued, and that during this argument, Yenna threw a lamp intended for her but it

struck M.H. instead. Medical personnel determined that M.H. required stitches and surgery

to close the wound she received as a result of being hit with the lamp.

       On December 28, 2011, the State charged Yenna with Class D felony battery. On

January 20, 2012, the State charged Yenna with Class D felony criminal recklessness. The

State subsequently filed an information alleging that Yenna was a habitual offender.

       A two-day jury trial was conducted on October 2-3, 2012. During trial, Bell, Bort, and

Beaubien testified to M.H.’s and Christine’s statements made during the course of M.H.’s

treatment regarding the circumstances that lead to M.H.’s injury. Following the conclusion

of the presentation of the evidence, the jury found Yenna guilty of Class D felony battery and

not guilty of Class D felony criminal recklessness. The jury also determined that Yenna was

not a habitual offender. The trial court conducted a sentencing hearing on October 26, 2012,

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during which it sentenced Yenna to three years with one and one-half years suspended to

probation. This appeal follows.

                            DISCUSSION AND DECISION

       Yenna contends that the evidence is insufficient to sustain his conviction for Class D

felony battery.

       When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction,
       appellate courts must consider only the probative evidence and reasonable
       inferences supporting the verdict. It is the fact-finder’s role, not that of
       appellate courts, to assess witness credibility and weigh the evidence to
       determine whether it is sufficient to support a conviction. To preserve this
       structure, when appellate courts are confronted with conflicting evidence, they
       must consider it most favorably to the trial court’s ruling. Appellate courts
       affirm the conviction unless no reasonable fact-finder could find the elements
       of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. It is therefore not necessary
       that the evidence overcome every reasonable hypothesis of innocence. The
       evidence is sufficient if an inference may reasonably be drawn from it to
       support the verdict.

Drane v. State, 867 N.E.2d 144, 146-47 (Ind. 2007) (citations, emphasis, and quotations

omitted). “In essence, we assess only whether the verdict could be reached based on

reasonable inferences that may be drawn from the evidence presented.” Baker v. State, 968

N.E.2d 227, 229 (Ind. 2012). Upon review, appellate courts do not reweigh the evidence or

assess the credibility of the witnesses. Stewart v. State, 768 N.E.2d 433, 435 (Ind. 2002).

Inconsistencies in witness testimony go to the weight and credibility of the testimony, “the

resolution of which is within the province of the trier of fact.” Jordan v. State, 656 N.E.2d

816, 818 (Ind. 1995).

       Indiana Code section 35-42-2-1 provides, in relevant part, that a “person who

                                             4
knowingly or intentionally touches another person in a rude, insolent, or angry manner

commits battery, a Class B misdemeanor.” “However, the offense is: … (2) a Class D felony

if it results in bodily injury to: … (B) a person less than fourteen (14) years of age and is

committed by a person at least eighteen (18) years of age.” Ind. Code § 35-42-2-1. In

arguing that the evidence is insufficient to sustain his conviction for Class D felony battery,

Yenna does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence demonstrating that he, an individual

over the age of eighteen, touched M.H., a person less than fourteen years of age, in a rude,

insolent, or angry manner, and that the touching resulted in bodily injury to M.H. Yenna

merely challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to prove that he acted with the requisite

mental culpability, i.e., in a “knowing” or “intentional” manner.

       “A person engages in conduct ‘knowingly’ if, when he engages in the conduct, he is

aware of a high probability that he is doing so.” Ind. Code § 35-41-2-2(b). “A person

engages in conduct ‘intentionally’ if, when he engages in the conduct, it is his conscious

objective to do so.” Ind. Code § 35-41-2-2(a). The requisite mental culpability to commit

battery “may be presumed from the voluntary commission of the act.” Mishler v. State, 660

N.E.2d 343, 348 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996). Furthermore, it has “long been held that ‘[t]he fact

that [the defendant] did not strike his intended victim but instead injured another is not a

defense. We have found in similar cases that the defendant’s intent is transferred from the

person against whom it was directed to the person actually injured.’” D.H. v. State, 932

N.E.2d 236, 238 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (quoting Tucker v. State, 443 N.E.2d 840, 842 (Ind.

1983)).

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       Upon review, we conclude that the evidence most favorable to the jury’s verdict

demonstrates that Yenna knowingly or intentionally threw the lamp at Christine, striking and

causing bodily injury to M.H. With respect to Yenna’s mental culpability, the State

presented evidence which demonstrated that after Yenna picked up the lamp, he threw it at

Christine. Yenna, on the other hand, testified that he intended to toss the lamp directly to the

floor, but that unfortunately the lamp flew off of his finger and, instead of hitting the ground,

hit and injured M.H.

       After considering both the evidence introduced by the State and Yenna’s testimony,

the jury apparently determined that State’s evidence was more credible and entitled to more

weight than Yenna’s self-serving testimony. We will not disturb this determination on

appeal. See Stewart, 768 N.E.2d at 435 (providing that appellate courts do not assess the

credibility of witnesses on appeal); Jordan, 656 N.E.2d at 818 (providing that inconsistencies

in witness testimony go to the weight and credibility of the testimony, the resolution of which

is within the province of the trier of fact.) Yenna’s claim on appeal effectively amounts to an

invitation to reweigh the evidence, which we will not do. Stewart, 768 N.E.2d 433 at 435.

       The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

BAILEY, J., and MAY, J., concur.

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