Court Opinion

ID: 4288574
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-06-26 20:00:38.349822+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:37:30.525181
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUN 26 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

GENE MCLENITHAN, Jr.,                           No.    16-35376

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 3:09-cv-00085-AC

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
MAX WILLIAMS, Director of Oregon
Department of Corrections; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Oregon
                   John V. Acosta, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

                        Argued and Submitted May 7, 2018
                                Portland, Oregon

Before: RAWLINSON and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges, and SILVER,** District
Judge.
      Oregon state prisoner Gene McLenithan, Jr., appeals the district court’s

order granting summary judgment in favor of Defendants-Appellees. We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the grant of summary judgment

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
       **
             The Honorable Roslyn O. Silver, United States District Judge for the
District of Arizona, sitting by designation.
de novo. King v. County of Los Angeles, 885 F.3d 548, 556 (9th Cir. 2018). For

the reasons below, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.

      In the operative complaint, McLenithan alleged five claims for relief.

McLenithan has not made any arguments regarding his “deliberate indifference”

claim based on the Eighth Amendment. Therefore, the district court’s order

granting summary judgment on that claim will be affirmed. See Earl v. Nielsen

Media Research, Inc., 658 F.3d 1108, 1118 (9th Cir. 2011) (affirming summary

judgment on claim not argued on appeal).

      As for McLenithan’s remaining four claims, two of those claims were

duplicative, leaving only three claims on appeal: a claim for injunctive relief under

the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (“RLUIPA”), 42 U.S.C.

§ 2000cc et seq., a claim for injunctive relief and money damages under the First

Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause, and a claim for injunctive relief and money

damages under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. These

claims are brought against all five Defendants-Appellees.

      Defendants-Appellees concede summary judgment should not have been

granted in their favor on the three claims to the extent he seeks injunctive relief.

While McLenithan asserts that the district court should have granted summary

judgment entirely in his favor and seeks remand for calculation of damages, the

record does not support that result.

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          McLenithan’s RLUIPA and First Amendment claims required he establish

that the denial of a kosher diet burdened a sincere religious belief. See Holt v.

Hobbs, 135 S. Ct. 853, 862 (2015) (RLUIPA); Malik v. Brown, 16 F.3d 330, 333

(9th Cir. 1994) (First Amendment). Viewing the record in the light most favorable

to Defendants-Appellees, there is a genuine dispute of material fact regarding

McLenithan’s sincerity. McLenithan’s long history of requesting a kosher diet

suggests he is sincere, but he routinely purchased non-kosher items both before and

after he was provided a kosher diet. A reasonable factfinder could conclude

McLenithan’s professed need for a kosher diet was not based on a sincere religious

belief.

          As for McLenithan’s claim based on the Equal Protection Clause, there is a

genuine dispute of material fact whether prison officials inquired into the sincerity

of Jewish inmates’ religious beliefs before providing them with kosher diets.

According to McLenithan, prison officials did not. The record, however, contains

a statement by a prison chaplain that Jewish inmates received kosher diets only

upon showing they were “sincere practi[tioners] of Jewish belief, traditions, etc.”

Remand is required to determine whether Jewish inmates and McLenithan were, in

fact, similarly situated.

          Defendants-Appellees claim they are entitled to qualified immunity on the

remaining claims, but we need not reach that issue in the first instance. The district

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court concluded that defendants are entitled to qualified immunity based on its

ruling that McLenithan failed to raise a triable issue concerning a constitutional

violation. Because we reverse that ruling, we reverse the district court’s qualified

immunity ruling as well.

      On remand, the district court should identify the particular acts on which

McLenithan bases his claims and the particular Defendants-Appellees involved in

those acts. See Cunningham v. Gates, 229 F.3d 1271, 1289 (9th Cir. 2000). Once

McLenithan’s allegations are clear, the district court should apply the applicable

legal framework for the remaining claims and determine whether qualified

immunity bars McLenithan’s request for money damages.

      Costs shall be taxed against Defendants-Appellees. See Fed. R. App. P.

39(a)(4).

      AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED.

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