Court Opinion

ID: 8406857
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-10-31 16:07:52.916905+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:47:20.819238
License: Public Domain

J-S31004-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    BRYAN BROWN-CAMP                           :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 2328 EDA 2021

            Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered November 12, 2021
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-51-CR-0003503-2015

BEFORE:      BOWES, J., NICHOLS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                            FILED OCTOBER 31, 2022

        Bryan Brown-Camp appeals from the order dismissing his petition filed

pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”). We affirm in part, vacate

in part, and remand with instructions.

        On April 25, 2013, Tevan Patrick was found shot to death in an

abandoned property in Philadelphia. Following an investigation, Appellant and

co-defendant Maurice Smith were charged with homicide and related crimes.

They proceeded to a joint jury trial, at the conclusion of which they were both

found guilty of third-degree murder and conspiracy to commit robbery. As

summarized by this Court, Appellant and Smith “lured the victim into their car

to ostensibly commit a robbery, but later killed him.” Commonwealth v.

____________________________________________

*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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Brown-Camp, 209 A.3d 525 (Pa.Super. 2019) (unpublished memorandum at

1-2).

        Of relevance to the issues raised in this appeal, the Commonwealth’s

theory was that Appellant, who went by the nickname B-Y, and Smith killed

Mr. Patrick between 9:30 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. on April 22, 2013. In support

of this theory, the Commonwealth introduced, inter alia, the following

evidence. Earlier in the day on April 22, 2013, Mr. Patrick asked his cousin

and Appellant’s girlfriend, Janeicia Jackson, for Appellant’s phone number,

which she provided. Later that same day, Appellant and Smith were observed

driving a silver four-door Hyundai and an eyewitness observed Mr. Patrick

enter a silver four-door car in Delaware. The triangulation of cell phone pings

placed Appellant and Mr. Patrick near each other in Delaware and cell phone

records established that they were in contact with one another.              The

triangulation of cell phone pings then tracked Appellant, Smith, and Mr. Patrick

in southwestern Philadelphia. “All three phones were utilizing cell towers that

covered the site where [Mr. Patrick’s] body was recovered.”         PCRA Court

Opinion, 1/24/22, at 10.

        Reginald Tyler testified that he received a text message from Mr. Patrick

on the night of April 22 saying that “if anything fishy happened to me, B-Y[1]

did it.” Brown-Camp, supra (unpublished memorandum at 8) (cleaned up).

At approximately 10:00 p.m. that evening, Mr. Patrick’s cell phone went offline

____________________________________________

1   There was testimony that Appellant’s nickname was B-Y.

                                           -2-
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somewhere over the Schuylkill River. Immediately prior, it had been utilizing

the same cell tower as Smith’s phone.       After Mr. Patrick’s cell phone went

offline, he made no outgoing communications.

      The Commonwealth also presented the testimony of Terry Kearney, who

testified that Smith told him that Smith had driven his girlfriend’s silver four-

door car to Delaware to meet Mr. Patrick, taken him back to southwestern

Philadelphia to rob him, and then shot Mr. Patrick when he attempted to run.

Melissa Palmer testified that Appellant admitted to setting up Mr. Patrick to be

robbed, that he picked up Mr. Patrick in Delaware, and that Mr. Patrick had

been shot, but not by Appellant. Notwithstanding the Commonwealth’s theory

that Mr. Patrick was shot and killed on April 22, 2013, the criminal information

alleged that he was killed on April 25, 2013.

      On direct appeal, this Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence.

Notably, Appellant raised a hearsay challenge to Mr. Tyler’s testimony about

the text message he received from Mr. Patrick. This Court found that issue

waived because trial counsel had only sought to exclude the text message

testimony based on the best evidence rule. Id. (unpublished memorandum

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at 8-11).2 Our Supreme Court denied Appellant’s petition for allowance of

appeal. Id., appeal denied, 240 A.3d 99 (Pa. 2020).3

       Appellant timely filed the instant, counseled PCRA petition, raising five

claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel.       He responded to the

Commonwealth’s ensuing motion to dismiss by filing a reply, notice of new

authority, and notice of additional authority. The PCRA court issued notice of

its intent to dismiss Appellant’s PCRA petition without a hearing pursuant to

Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. On November 12, 2021, the court dismissed Appellant’s

petition.

       This timely filed appeal followed. Both Appellant and the PCRA court

complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.4 Appellant raises the following three issues for

our consideration:

____________________________________________

2 We also found Appellant had waived the issue by failing to include it in his
Rule 1925(b) statement.

3  In the interim, Appellant pro se filed a PCRA petition, which the PCRA court
properly dismissed as prematurely filed while his direct appeal was still
pending. See Commonwealth v. Smith, 244 A.3d 13, 16 (Pa.Super. 2020)
(concluding Smith’s PCRA petition was prematurely filed as a petition for
allocatur review was still pending in our Supreme Court).

4  Appellant filed an unprompted Rule 1925(b) statement on the same date he
filed his notice of appeal. Thereafter, the PCRA court ordered Appellant to file
a Rule 1925(b) statement. In lieu of re-filing the same statement, Appellant
filed a letter to the PCRA court advising it that he had complied with the Rule
1925(b) order by virtue of his earlier filing. Additionally, Appellant noted that
the PCRA court had used the wrong docket number on its Rule 1925(b) order
and final dismissal order. We observe that the court’s error has not impeded
our review and we deem Appellant to have complied with the court’s Rule
1925(b) order. Thus, we mention these irregularities solely to provide a
complete record of the procedural history of this case.

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      1. Did the PCRA court err in summarily denying the claim that trial
         counsel was ineffective in failing to challenge the lawfulness of
         the two search warrants the police used to obtain Appellant’s
         cell phone records, as they both lacked probable cause to
         support their authorization?

      2. Did the PCRA court err in summarily denying the claim that trial
         counsel was ineffective in failing to retain a forensic expert
         pathologist to refute the Commonwealth’s theory that the
         decedent was murdered on April 22, 2013, as the expert
         opinions proffered in PCRA proceedings completely undermined
         the Commonwealth’s theory of the case?

      3. Did the PCRA court err in summarily denying the claim that trial
         counsel was ineffective in failing to object on hearsay and
         Confrontation Clause grounds to the admission of testimony
         about a text message from the decedent in which he identified
         Appellant as his killer, as this was argued by the
         Commonwealth for the truth of the matter asserted and no
         proper cautionary instruction was requested or given?

Appellant’s brief at 3 (reordered for ease of disposition).

      On appeal from a PCRA court’s decision, our scope of review is “limited

to examining whether the PCRA court’s findings of fact are supported by the

record, and whether its conclusions of law are free from legal error. We view

the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of record in a light most

favorable to the prevailing party.” Commonwealth v. Johnson, 236 A.3d

63, 68 (Pa.Super. 2020) (en banc) (cleaned up). The PCRA court’s credibility

determinations are binding on this Court when supported by the certified

record, but we review its legal conclusions de novo. Id.

      Appellant   challenges   the   effective   assistance   of   trial   counsel.

Preliminarily, we observe that counsel is presumed to be effective and the

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petitioner bears the burden of proving otherwise. Id. (citation omitted). To

do so, he must establish the following three elements:

       (1) the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2) no reasonable
       basis existed for counsel’s action or failure to act; and (3) the
       petitioner suffered prejudice as a result of counsel’s error, with
       prejudice measured by whether there is a reasonable probability
       that the result of the proceeding would have been different.

Id. (citations omitted). Failure to prove any of the three elements will result

in dismissal of the ineffectiveness claim. Id. (citation omitted).

       Appellant first argues that the PCRA court erred in summarily dismissing

his claim that trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to

challenge the two search warrants for Appellant’s cell phone records. See

Appellant’s brief at 35. We consider this issue mindful of the following:

       This Court has previously found that the failure to file a
       suppression motion under some circumstances may be evidence
       of ineffective assistance of counsel. However, if the grounds
       underpinning that motion are without merit, counsel will not be
       deemed ineffective for failing to so move. The defendant must
       establish that there was no reasonable basis for not pursuing the
       suppression claim and that if the evidence had been suppressed,
       there is a reasonable probability the verdict would have been more
       favorable.

Commonwealth v. Watley, 153 A.3d 1034, 1044 (Pa.Super. 2016) (cleaned

up).

       Regarding the grounds upon which Appellant relies in arguing that

counsel should have sought suppression, our Supreme Court has summarized

as follows:

       Pursuant to the totality of the circumstances test . . ., the task of
       an issuing authority is simply to make a practical, common-sense

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      decision whether, given all of the circumstances set forth in the
      affidavit before him, including the veracity and basis of knowledge
      of persons supplying hearsay information, there is a fair
      probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in
      a particular place.

Commonwealth v. Torres, 764 A.2d 532, 537 (Pa. 2001) (cleaned up).

      By way of background, nearly identical affidavits of probable cause were

issued for Appellant’s two cell phone accounts.     The affidavits offered the

following averments in support thereof. Mr. Patrick’s body was discovered at

6513 Linmore Avenue, in Philadelphia, on April 25, 2013.          The ensuing

investigation revealed the cause of death to be multiple gunshot wounds and

the manner of death to be homicide.      Mr. Patrick was last heard from on

April 22, 2013.   He was reported missing from the state of Delaware on

April 24, 2013.   Ms. Jackson (identified as “Witness #1” in the affidavits)

stated that on April 22, 2013, Mr. Patrick asked her for Appellant’s phone

number, which she provided.     Later that evening, she picked up Appellant

near the Philadelphia Zoo. Once inside Ms. Jackson’s car, Appellant instructed

her to call Mr. Patrick, which she attempted to do three times. Ms. Jackson

further stated that Appellant was known as B.Y. and he lived in Philadelphia.

See PCRA Petition, 12/28/20, Exhibits L-M.

      In his PCRA petition, Appellant contended that these affidavits failed to

establish probable cause and trial counsel was therefore ineffective for not

challenging them. The PCRA court, however, concluded that counsel had a

reasonable basis for not filing a motion to suppress the phone records.

Specifically, the PCRA court provided the following reasoning:

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      This was a case where the [victim] was reported missing as of the
      date that the [victim] was looking to make contact with
      [Appellant]. [Appellant] attempted to call the [victim] three times
      on that same night when he disappeared, and [Appellant] was
      picked up within a few miles of where the [victim’s] body was
      found three (3) days after the date he went missing. Viewing the
      information in the affidavit in a common sense manner would lead
      one to surmise that there is a probability that there would be
      information of evidence of a crime on [Appellant’s] phone.

PCRA Court Opinion, 1/24/22, at 14.

      According to Appellant, the detective authoring the affidavit knowingly

omitted that Appellant and Mr. Patrick were good friends who sold marijuana

together and that Appellant’s phone charge was depleted when he asked

Ms. Jackson to call Mr. Patrick. See Appellant’s brief at 37. Appellant avers

that these omissions created the false impression that Appellant and

Mr. Patrick were strangers and that Appellant asked Ms. Jackson to call

Mr. Patrick to conceal Appellant’s involvement in his death. Id. Appellant

concedes that his communication with Mr. Patrick on April 22 would suggest

that he “may have had useful information about [Mr.] Patrick’s whereabouts”

and therefore the “[p]olice were therefore well within their rights to seek

Appellant out and ask him questions[.]” Id. at 38. However, Appellant argues

that “there is nothing in the four corners of these two warrants that says

anything about Appellant’s possible involvement in [Mr.] Patrick’s death,

much less establishes probable cause to believe he committed this crime.”

Id. (emphasis in original).

      Appellant fails to cite authority to support his notion that the affidavit of

probable cause becomes somehow invalid by the omission of arguably-

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exculpatory evidence. Critically, the police did not have to establish probable

cause that Appellant had committed a crime to obtain a search warrant for his

phone records.    Rather, they needed to establish a fair probability that

evidence of a crime would be found in a particular place, i.e., his phone

records. Upon review of the affidavits of probable cause, we conclude that

there was a fair probability that evidence of the crimes surrounding

Mr. Patrick’s disappearance would be found in Appellant’s phone records.

Thus, any motion to suppress based on a lack of probable cause would have

been meritless. Accordingly, the PCRA court’s conclusion that counsel had a

reasonable basis not to file a suppression motion is supported by the record

and the court did not err in dismissing this claim.

      We now turn to Appellant’s second issue on appeal. Appellant argues

that the PCRA court erred in summarily dismissing his claim that trial counsel

rendered ineffective assistance by failing to retain an expert witness to refute

the Commonwealth’s theory that Mr. Patrick was murdered on April 22, 2013.

See Appellant’s brief at 9. To prove a PCRA claim for failure to call an expert

witness, a petitioner must:

      prove that an expert witness was willing and available to testify
      on the subject of the testimony at trial, counsel knew or should
      have known about the witness and the defendant was prejudiced
      by the absence of the testimony. Prejudice in this respect requires
      the petitioner to show how the uncalled witnesses’ testimony
      would have been beneficial under the circumstances of the case.
      Therefore, the petitioner’s burden is to show that testimony
      provided by the uncalled witness would have been helpful to the
      defense.

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Commonwealth v. Williams, 141 A.3d 440, 460 (Pa. 2016) (cleaned up).

       In his PCRA petition, Appellant identified Dr. Gary Collins as a potential

expert witness whom trial counsel should have known about and called at trial

to refute the Commonwealth’s theory regarding Mr. Patrick’s date of death.

Dr. Collins conducted Mr. Patrick’s autopsy, rendered the opinion as to the

cause and manner of death, and issued the autopsy report.5           Appellant’s

petition included a new report authored by Dr. Collins wherein he concluded

that, based on the forensic evidence, it was “highly unlikely” that Mr. Patrick

was shot and killed on April 22, 2013, and opined instead that his time of

death was sometime between 5:00 p.m. on April 24 and 5:00 a.m. on April 25,

2013. PCRA Petition, 12/28/20, Exhibit K at 4-5. Additionally, Dr. Collins

opined that “[t]he two penetrating gunshot wounds to [Mr. Patrick’s] head

would have been immediately incapacitating” and thus it was “not possible

that Mr. Patrick would have been shot on April 22, 2013[,] and survived his

injuries until April 25, 2013.” Id., Exhibit K at 5.

       The PCRA court found Appellant had successfully established an expert

witness was willing to testify and that counsel should have known about the

witness.    Nonetheless, the court dismissed the claim without a hearing

because it found Appellant could not prove prejudice when “the evidence that

the victim was murdered sometime on April 22, 2013, was established through

____________________________________________

5Dr. Collins did not testify at trial because he was no longer employed in the
medical examiner’s office in Philadelphia at that time.

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overwhelming direct and circumstantial evidence.”6        PCRA Court Opinion,

1/24/22, at 9. The PCRA court made this credibility determination, i.e., that

the evidence presented at trial was more persuasive than Dr. Collins’s

proposed testimony, without the benefit of an evidentiary hearing. For the

following reasons, we conclude this was error.

       Upon review of the record, it is beyond cavil that Dr. Collins’s testimony

regarding Mr. Patrick’s date of death would have been helpful to the defense.

Specifically, it would have altered the significance of the April 22 cell phone

evidence and provided the opportunity for Appellant to present a potential

alibi defense for the actual date of the murder. This paradigm shift in focus

on when Mr. Patrick was killed and the evidence of who he was with at the

time of his death could have cast reasonable doubt in the mind of at least one

____________________________________________

6  We observe that the Commonwealth avers that Appellant cannot establish
prejudice because Appellant’s trial counsel cross-examined Dr. Albert Chu
regarding the “core substance of Dr. Collins’s proposed testimony” and argued
in closing that Mr. Patrick could not have been killed on April 22. See
Commonwealth’s brief at 15. In fact, trial counsel did not cross-examine
Dr. Chu at all; it was Smith’s attorney who cross-examined him. See N.T.
Trial (Jury) Vol. I, 2/23/17, at 110-15 (cross-examination by Smith’s
attorney); id. at 115 (Appellant’s attorney stating that he had “no questions”
for Dr. Chu). The brief cross-examination by Smith’s counsel focused on the
onset of rigor mortis generally, elicited that it generally lasts 48 hours, and
that Mr. Patrick’s muscles exhibited “rigidity” during his autopsy on April 26.
Id. at 110-15. It did not attempt to elicit the opinion that, based upon the
forensic evidence of when rigor mortis was observed in Mr. Patrick and the
lack of decomposition evidence at the time of his autopsy, Mr. Patrick was not
killed on April 22, but instead was killed sometime between April 24 and 25.
As such, counsel’s closing argument was that based on rigor mortis being
present when Mr. Patrick’s body was found, he was killed on April 23, not
April 22. See N.T. Trial (Jury) Vol. I, 2/28/17, at 104-05.

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juror, thereby affecting the verdict in this case. At trial, counsel argued that,

based upon an examination of Dr. Chu’s testimony and the forensic evidence,

Mr. Patrick was killed on April 23, not April 22. However, Dr. Collins’s report

indicates that he was willing and able to testify that, in his medical opinion,

the date of death was April 24 or April 25, which was even further removed

from the evidence placing Appellant in Mr. Patrick’s vicinity. This would have

significantly strengthened the defense’s argument that the Commonwealth’s

evidence failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant was

involved in Mr. Patrick’s death.

      Appellant was entitled to an evidentiary hearing wherein the PCRA court

would make a credibility determination as to Dr. Collins’s testimony and then

“reweigh the Commonwealth’s evidence of guilt from [Appellant’s] trial . . .

and decide what impact, if any, the absence of [Dr. Collins’s] testimony had

upon the evidentiary picture the Commonwealth developed in [Appellant’s]

trial.” Johnson, supra at 70. Accordingly, we vacate the order insofar as it

dismissed this claim and remand for an evidentiary hearing on trial counsel’s

alleged ineffectiveness for failing to call Dr. Collins as an expert witness

regarding Mr. Patrick’s time of death.

      Finally, we turn to Appellant’s third issue regarding the admission of

Mr. Tyler’s testimony about the text message he received from Mr. Patrick.

Specifically, he argues that the PCRA court erred in summarily dismissing his

claim that trial counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to object to

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the admission of this testimony on hearsay grounds.7 See Appellant’s brief

at 43. As discussed supra, trial counsel had advocated for exclusion of that

testimony solely based on the best evidence rule, thereby waiving for

appellate purposes any argument based upon hearsay.

       By way of background, there were two similar text messages allegedly

sent by Mr. Patrick on the evening of April 22. The first was allegedly sent to

Mr. Tyler, and it stated that “if anything fishy happened to me, B-Y did it.”

N.T. Trial (Jury) Vol. I, 2/23/17, at 7.       Mr. Tyler subsequently deleted the

message and it was never seen by police. Instead, he relayed the contents of

the text message as he remembered them to the police during an interview.

Secondly, the Commonwealth sought to introduce a screenshot of a text

exchange between Mr. Patrick and an unknown individual that was sent to

Mr. Patrick’s mother, stating that “if some fishy shit happen, I was wit [sic] B-

Y.” Id. The court excluded the screenshot but permitted Mr. Tyler to testify

from memory as to the message he received from Mr. Patrick on the evening

of April 22. Id. at 14-15. Mr. Tyler testified at trial that he received a text

message from Mr. Patrick on the night of April 22 that said: “if anything fishy

happened to me, B-Y did it.” N.T. Trial (Jury) Vol. I, 2/23/17, at 158.

____________________________________________

7 Appellant also argues that counsel was ineffective for failing to object to its
admission on the grounds that it violated the Confrontation Clause. Although
Appellant’s argument for this issue spans thirteen pages, his argument
pertaining to the Confrontation Clause comprises merely two paragraphs. See
Appellant’s brief at 51, 54. Regardless, given our ruling on counsel’s failure
to object on hearsay grounds, we need not reach Appellant’s Confrontation
Clause argument, scant as it is.

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      Appellant argued in his PCRA petition that this testimony was

inadmissible hearsay that constituted a statement of belief offered for the

truth of the matter asserted, and therefore did not fall under any exception.

As such, he contends that counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to

object to its admission on hearsay grounds or request a cautionary instruction.

See PCRA Petition, 12/28/20, at 56-61.

      In dismissing this claim, the PCRA court concluded that Appellant

successfully established that the issue was of arguable merit and that counsel

had no reasonable basis for failing to object on hearsay grounds. See PCRA

Court Opinion, 1/24/22, at 15. Nonetheless, the PCRA court dismissed this

claim because it found that Appellant had not suffered prejudice. Specifically,

the court explained that it would have overruled any hearsay objection

because the “statement was offered as circumstantial evidence to prove

[Mr. Patrick’s] subsequent conduct; that he was with [Appellant] when he

went missing.” Id. at 16. The PCRA court additionally noted that even if such

a ruling would have been in error, Appellant could not prove prejudice given

the overwhelming evidence of his guilt. Id. at 17.

      Appellant argues that even if the text message was admissible to show

Mr. Patrick’s intent to be in Appellant’s company, “it also pointed the finger of

guilt at Appellant, an impermissible purpose for the evidence.” Appellant’s

brief at 58. According to Appellant, the fact that Appellant and Smith were in

the company of Mr. Patrick on the evening of April 22 was undisputed given

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the cell phone evidence, and therefore any probative value “did not outweigh

the high potential for incurable prejudice.”    Id. at 58 (cleaned up).      By

extension, Appellant maintains that the PCRA court’s conclusion that a hearsay

objection would not have been valid is legally erroneous.

     In support of this argument, Appellant relies on our Supreme Court’s

decision in Commonwealth v. Fitzpatrick, 255 A.3d 452 (Pa. 2021), which

was issued during the PCRA proceedings below. In Fitzpatrick, our Supreme

Court considered “[t]he admissibility of state of mind statements, including

dual-purpose statements that proverbially point the finger from the grave[.]”

Id. at 473. There are three “categories in which the need for such statements

overcomes almost any possible prejudice[:]”       (1) a defendant raises the

defense of justification; (2) the defendant raises the defense that the

deceased committed suicide; and (3) claims of accidental death. Id. at 474-

75 (cleaned up). Recognizing that our courts’ approaches to the admissibility

of these statements has been inconsistent, our High Court “set forth the

general inquiry courts must undertake when contemplating the admissibility

of out-of-court statements proffered to the court for admission as state of

mind evidence” as follows:

     First, the court must ascertain the reason that the moving party
     is offering the evidence. If it is not being offered for the truth of
     the matter asserted, it is not hearsay, and can be admitted to
     demonstrate the non-truth purpose. . . .

     If the statement is offered as substantive evidence for the truth
     of the matter asserted, the court must examine the statement
     more closely and make a number of preliminary rulings. First, [as

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     with] all evidence, the statement must be relevant. In the context
     of state of mind evidence, the speaker’s mindset must be
     pertinent to some contested issue in the legal proceeding. In
     criminal cases, the prosecution must prove the defendant’s mens
     rea beyond a reasonable doubt. Thus, in the typical prosecution,
     a victim’s state of mind simply is not relevant. There are
     exceptions to this general rule, [as outlined hereinabove]. . . .

           ....

     If the statement is relevant, then the court must examine the
     character of the statement being proffered. If the statement is a
     sing[le] expression of the declarant's state of mind, i.e., “I was
     sad,” the court need only apply Rule 803(3). So long as the
     expression refers to the declarant’s state of mind (or physical
     condition), and not to a third-party’s state of mind, and so long as
     the statement refers to the speaker’s mindset as it existed at the
     time the statement was made, facially it is admissible. . . .

     On the other hand, if the statement is not a sing[le] purpose
     statement, but instead contains both a state of mind component
     and a “fact-bound” component, it generally is inadmissible. . . .

     [S]uch two-part statements are only relevant if they are taken for
     their truth. The problem is that there are two parts to these
     statements, only one of which facially is admissible: the state of
     mind component. The factual component is not. That part, which
     is uttered out-of-court and also offered for the truth of the matter
     asserted, does not satisfy this exception to the hearsay rule, nor
     does it possess the same hallmarks of reliability imputed to state
     of mind evidence. That one aspect of a statement is admissible
     does not render all of a multi-part statement admissible. Quite to
     the contrary, both components must independently be admissible.
     Each aspect of the statement must satisfy a hearsay exception.

Fitzpatrick, supra at 479-81 (cleaned up).

     In Fitzpatrick, the victim, Annemarie Fitzpatrick, had written a note

that stated “06/05/12. If something happens to me—JOE.” Id. at 460. Her

husband’s name was Joseph Fitzpatrick, the defendant in the case. On June 6,

2012, she was found dead following a purported ATV accident. The High Court

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found the note relevant because Fitzpatrick disputed that his wife was

murdered, claiming instead that she died in an accident. Id. at 482. Applying

the above, the Court found “the fact-bound aspect of [her] note cannot be

bootstrapped     into   admissibility   merely    because    the    statement

contemporaneously contains some expression of [her] state of mind.”        Id.

(cleaned up). Accordingly, it found that the trial court erred in admitting the

note at trial.

      Instantly, the PCRA court distinguishes Fitzpatrick because it claims

that the text message “was not offered to prove the truth of the matter

asserted—that B-Y did something fishy—but that the [victim] was with B-Y

around the time he went missing.” PCRA Court Opinion, 1/24/22, at 17. At

the outset, we observe that the PCRA court misses the mark by focusing on

the “fishy” aspect of the message, and not the latter portion pertaining to

Appellant. Furthermore, it appears that the PCRA court has conflated the two

messages purportedly sent by Mr. Patrick. By characterizing the text message

as showing Mr. Patrick’s intent to be with Appellant on April 22, 2013, the

PCRA court must be referring to the screenshot message, sent to Mr. Patrick’s

mother, that stated if anything fishy happened, Mr. Patrick was “wit [sic] B-

Y.” In fact, the message to which Mr. Tyler testified stated that if anything

fishy happened, “B-Y did it.” Without doubt, this text message was offered

for the truth of the matter asserted and pointed the finger at Appellant from

the grave. Even if it also demonstrated Mr. Patrick’s state of mind, given that

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there was no question of justification, suicide, or accident, the message would

not be relevant solely on the basis of Mr. Patrick’s state of mind. Moreover,

even assuming that the message was relevant, the fact-bound aspect of it

that pointed the finger at Appellant if anything untoward happened to

Mr. Patrick rendered the text message as a whole inadmissible.

      As such, the PCRA court’s conclusion that Appellant was not prejudiced

is based on a legally erroneous analysis. Accordingly, we vacate this portion

of the PCRA court’s order and remand for a hearing.       At the hearing, trial

counsel should be afforded the opportunity to be heard as to whether he had

a reasonable basis for failing to object on hearsay grounds.              See

Commonwealth v. Hughes, 865 A.2d 761, 799 (Pa. 2004) (“[A]s the PCRA

court did not hold a hearing, we cannot discern whether a reasonable basis

existed for counsel’s omission. In such circumstance, this Court has declined

to divine, in the first instance on appellate review, whether counsel’s actions

were reasonably based.”).     Following the hearing, the PCRA court must

determine whether the basis counsel offers for failing to object is reasonable

and whether the erroneously-admitted evidence likely affected the verdict.

      Based on the foregoing, we: (1) affirm the portion of the PCRA court’s

order dismissing Appellant’s suppression-related ineffective assistance claim;

(2) vacate the portion of the PCRA court’s order dismissing Appellant’s claim

of ineffectiveness relating to the expert witness testimony claim and remand

for an evidentiary hearing on the prejudice prong; and (3) vacate the portion

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J-S31004-22

of the PCRA court’s order denying relief for counsel’s failure to object to the

text message on hearsay grounds and remand for an evidentiary hearing on

the reasonable basis and prejudice prongs.

      Order affirmed in part and vacated in part.       Case remanded with

instructions. Jurisdiction relinquished.

      Judge Nichols and P.J.E. Stevens concur in the result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 10/31/2022

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