Court Opinion

ID: 4690769
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-05-27 19:03:26.028485+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:02:05.728036
License: Public Domain

USCA11 Case: 19-12208     Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 1 of 22

                                                          [DO NOT PUBLISH]

            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                     FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                       ________________________

                             No. 19-12208
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

                  D.C. Docket No. 0:18-cr-60309-WJZ-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                               Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                   versus

JORGE ACEVEDO,

                                                          Defendant-Appellant.

                       ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                    for the Southern District of Florida
                      ________________________

                               (May 27, 2021)

Before MARTIN, JILL PRYOR and BRANCH, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
           USCA11 Case: 19-12208          Date Filed: 05/27/2021       Page: 2 of 22

       A jury convicted Jorge Acevedo of possessing 15 or more unauthorized

access devices, possessing access device-making equipment, and aggravated

identity theft. Following his convictions, the district court imposed a sentence of

45 months’ imprisonment. Acevedo appeals his convictions and his resulting

sentence, arguing that the district court erred in admitting evidence of his prior

uncharged conduct at trial, denying his motion for judgment of acquittal, and

calculating the loss amount for which it held him accountable at sentencing.

Acevedo also argues that his sentence is substantively unreasonable. After careful

review, we affirm.

                                  I.     BACKGROUND

       Acevedo was indicted and charged with two counts of possessing 15 or more

unauthorized access devices,1 in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1029(a)(3) (Counts One

and Three); two counts of possessing access device-making equipment,2 in

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1029(a)(4) (Counts Two and Four); and two counts of

aggravated identity theft, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a) (Counts Five and

Six). Specifically, the indictment alleged that on two occasions, Acevedo used a

credit card skimming device to obtain more than 15 credit and debit card account

       1
         The definition of “access device” includes credit cards, debit cards, and bank account
numbers. United States v. Wright, 862 F.3d 1265, 1275 (11th Cir. 2017) (collecting cases); see
also 18 U.S.C. § 1029(e)(1).
       2
        “Device-making equipment” means any equipment designed or primarily used for
making an access device or a counterfeit access device. 18 U.S.C. § 1029(e)(6).

                                                2
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208       Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 3 of 22

numbers issued to other people. The underlying criminal complaint alleged that on

both occasions Acevedo had installed a credit card skimmer in a gas pump at a

Chevron gas station in Coral Springs, Florida. After a three-day trial, a jury found

Acevedo guilty on all counts. We begin by summarizing the evidence adduced at

trial, including the evidence introduced under Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b).

We then review the post-conviction proceedings.

   A. The Criminal Trial

       a. Pre-Trial Dispute Regarding Admission of Prior Conduct Under
          Rule 404(b)

      Before Acevedo’s trial began, the government announced its intent to

introduce evidence under Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b) of two prior uncharged

incidents where Acevedo allegedly installed or attempted to install credit card

skimmers in gas pumps. The government sought to introduce this evidence to

prove Acevedo’s identity, modus operandi, knowledge, motive, intent, and lack of

mistake. As to the first incident, the government alleged that police found a

skimmer in a gas pump at a Valero gas station (“Valero station”) in Coral Springs.

The pump’s protective seal had been tampered with and Acevedo’s fingerprint was

later found on the seal. The second incident occurred about six months later; a gas

station attendant observed a man attempting to open a pump at a Chevron gas

station (“Chevron station”), which was across the street from the Valero station.

When the witness told the man to stop, he got into a van and left. The police did
                                          3
           USCA11 Case: 19-12208     Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 4 of 22

not find a skimmer in the pump, but they investigated the van’s tag number and

found that Acevedo was one of its authorized drivers. The witness then identified

Acevedo as the man he saw trying to open the gas pump.

      Acevedo objected to the admission of this evidence, arguing that the

government had not established a proper purpose for admitting it, that it was

unduly prejudicial, and that it was not inextricably intertwined with the charged

conduct.

      The district court reserved ruling on whether to admit the proffered 404(b)

evidence until after the government presented its case in chief. After hearing

government’s case, the court, over Acevedo’s objection, allowed the government

to introduce the 404(b) evidence. The court concluded that the prior uncharged

conduct was being offered to establish Acevedo’s identity and modus operandi and

that the jury could find by a preponderance of the evidence that Acevedo had

committed the conduct. The court also determined that the probative value of this

evidence was not substantially outweighed by undue prejudice to Acevedo and that

the acts were not so remote in time as to be no longer probative or relevant.

       b. The Trial

      The government presented the following evidence at trial. Ana Ribeiro, a

former manager at the Chevron station, testified that one day a customer

complained that someone had “skimmed” his credit card while he was at the gas

                                          4
            USCA11 Case: 19-12208           Date Filed: 05/27/2021       Page: 5 of 22

station. Doc. 73 at 114.3 In response, Ribeiro went to check the gas pump; she

observed that the seal on the pump had been broken and when she opened the

pump, she saw a skimmer inside. Ribeiro then called the police. A crime scene

technician who responded to Ribeiro’s call testified that she lifted a latent

fingerprint from the skimmer, and a fingerprint examiner testified that the print

matched Acevedo’s fingerprint.

      Roberto Rodriguez, a gas station repairperson, testified that about six weeks

after the first skimmer was discovered, another skimmer was found at the Chevron

station inside a gas pump. A second crime scene technician testified that she lifted

a fingerprint from the skimmer, and the fingerprint examiner testified that this print

matched Acevedo’s.

      Craig Williams, a Special Agent with the United States Secret Service,

testified that a skimmer has no legitimate purpose. He explained that a skimmer,

when connected to a legitimate credit card reader, “skims” or reads the data (the

account holder’s name and account number) on credit cards passed through the

reader. The skimmer stores the data directly and can also transmit the data to

another device via Bluetooth. Williams testified that the two skimmers found at

the Chevron station stored more than 30 account numbers, including accounts

belonging to B.D. and J.D. B.D. and J.D. both testified that they had used their

      3
          “Doc.” numbers refer to the district court’s docket entries.

                                                  5
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208        Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 6 of 22

credit cards to buy gas at the Chevron station during the relevant period, their cards

had not been lost or stolen, and they had never given Acevedo permission to

possess their credit card accounts.

      The government also introduced the abovementioned 404(b) evidence

involving the two prior uncharged incidents. Williams testified that the two

skimmers found at the Chevron station and the skimmer found at the Valero station

all had Bluetooth capability. Williams extracted the data from all three skimmers

(two from the charged acts and one from the uncharged act) and listed all the

account numbers and names in a spreadsheet that was admitted into evidence. The

spreadsheet listed 93 accounts numbers and names. Regarding the skimmer found

at the Valero station, Williams testified that it contained over 15 account numbers,

including accounts belonging to F.P. and J.E. F.P. and J.E. both testified that they

had used their credit cards to buy gas at the Valero station during the relevant

period, their cards had not been lost or stolen, and they had never given Acevedo

permission to possess their credit card accounts.

      The government then rested its case, and Acevedo moved for a judgment of

acquittal, which the district court denied. After the parties’ closing arguments, the

court instructed the members of the jury that although they could consider

evidence of past acts similar to those with which Acevedo was currently charged,

they could not convict him simply because they believed he may have committed

                                          6
          USCA11 Case: 19-12208      Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 7 of 22

the past uncharged acts. The jury returned a verdict convicting Acevedo on all

counts.

   B. Presentence Investigation Report and Sentencing

      Before sentencing, the probation office prepared a presentence investigation

report (“PSR”). The PSR determined that the three skimmers collectively

contained 93 pieces of personal identification information (credit card account

information). It noted that law enforcement spoke to 15 victims who confirmed

that Acevedo was not permitted to access their credit card information. And it

determined that the total loss amount was $46,500—$500 for each of the 93

unauthorized access devices. See U.S.S.G § 2B1.1 cmt. n.3(F)(i) (“In a case

involving any counterfeit access device or unauthorized access device, loss . . .

shall be not less than $500 per access device.”).

      Based on Acevedo’s convictions, the PSR applied a base offense level of

six. See id. § 2B1.1(a)(2). The PSR recommended several enhancements to the

base offense level: a six-level enhancement because the loss amount was between

$40,000 and $95,000, id. § 2B1.1(b)(1)(D); a two-level enhancement because the

offense involved more than 10 victims, id. § 2B1.1(b)(2)(A); and a two-level

enhancement because the offense involved the possession or use of device-making

equipment, id. § 2B1.1(b)(11)(A)(i). After applying these enhancements,

Acevedo’s total offense level was 16. The PSR arrived at a criminal history score

                                          7
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208        Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 8 of 22

of zero, resulting in a criminal history category of I. Based on his total offense

level and criminal history category of I, Acevedo’s recommended range of

imprisonment under the Sentencing Guidelines was 21 to 27 months. The PSR

noted that Counts Five and Six carried a mandatory consecutive term of two years’

imprisonment, although the district court had discretion to run the mandatory terms

concurrently. See 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a)(1), (b); U.S.S.G. § 2B1.6 cmt. n.1(B).

      Acevedo objected to two of the enhancements. First, he objected to the loss

amount calculation, arguing that the government offered no evidence that he used

the credit cards and that credit card account numbers were not considered access

devices for the purpose of calculating a loss amount. Second, he objected to the

enhancement for the number of victims, contending that the government could not

establish that the offense involved 10 or more victims. The government argued in

response that the PSR correctly calculated the loss amount but agreed that it could

not establish that the offense involved more than 10 victims. The government thus

conceded that Acevedo’s total offense level should be lowered to 14.

      At the sentencing hearing, the district court overruled Acevedo’s objection

to the loss amount, concluding that based on the testimony and evidence adduced

at trial the PSR’s calculation was appropriate. The court determined that

Acevedo’s total offense level was 14, his criminal history category was I, his

Sentencing Guidelines range was 15 to 21 months’ imprisonment, and he was

                                          8
          USCA11 Case: 19-12208       Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 9 of 22

subject to a mandatory consecutive sentence of 24 months as to Counts Five and

Six.

       Acevedo, though his counsel, requested a downward variance, arguing that

the mandatory two-year sentence was appropriate given his lack of criminal history

and the fact that the offense resulted in minimal economic harm and reflected a

lack of sophistication. The government requested a 69-month sentence—21

months as to Counts One to Four and two years to run consecutively as to each of

Counts Five and Six. The government emphasized that Acevedo’s conduct was

sophisticated, the conduct took “great effort,” and Acevedo failed to accept

responsibility. Doc. 71 at 17.

       Before imposing a sentence, the district court noted that it had considered

the facts and circumstances surrounding the offense, the parties’ statements, the 18

U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors, and Acevedo’s PSR. The court then sentenced Acevedo

to 45 months’ imprisonment: concurrent terms of 21 months as to Counts One to

Four and a consecutive term of 24 months as to Counts Five and Six.

       This is Acevedo’s appeal.

                        II.      STANDARDS OF REVIEW

       We review a district court’s evidentiary rulings for abuse of discretion.

United States v. Rushin, 844 F.3d 933, 941 (11th Cir. 2016). “The district court

has broad discretion to determine the relevance and admissibility of any given

                                          9
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208        Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 10 of 22

piece of evidence.” United States v. Clay, 832 F.3d 1259, 1314 (11th Cir. 2016)

(internal quotation marks omitted).

      We review de novo the denial of a motion for judgment of acquittal based on

insufficiency of the evidence, “viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to

the government and resolving all reasonable inferences and credibility

determinations in the government’s favor.” United States v. Green, 981 F.3d 945,

960 (11th Cir. 2020). The jury’s verdict must be affirmed unless no reasonable

trier of fact could have reached a conclusion of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

Id.

      With respect to sentencing issues, we review a district court’s legal

determinations de novo and its application of the guidelines to the facts for clear

error. United States v. Rodriguez-Lopez, 363 F.3d 1134, 1136–37 (11th Cir. 2004).

“A factual finding is clearly erroneous when, upon review of the evidence, we are

left with a definite and firm conviction a mistake has been made.” United States v.

Dimitrovski, 782 F.3d 622, 628 (11th Cir. 2015). A factual finding cannot be

clearly erroneous when the factfinder is choosing between two permissible views

of the evidence. United States v. Saingerard, 621 F.3d 1341, 1343 (11th Cir.

2010).

                               III.    DISCUSSION

      On appeal, Acevedo raises several challenges to his convictions and

                                          10
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208      Date Filed: 05/27/2021     Page: 11 of 22

sentence. First, we address the challenges related to Acevedo’s convictions;

second, we review the challenges pertaining to his sentence.

   A. Acevedo’s Convictions

      Acevedo argues that the district court (1) abused its discretion in admitting

evidence of similar uncharged incidents under Fed. R. Evid. 404(b) and (2) erred in

denying his motion for judgment of acquittal based on insufficiency of the

evidence. For the reasons set forth below, we disagree.

      a. Admission of Uncharged Incidents

      Acevedo argues that the district court abused its discretion in admitting,

under Rule 404(b), evidence of two uncharged prior incidents. He contends that

the government failed to establish he committed the uncharged acts, that the acts

were not relevant to establish his identity, and that the evidence was unduly

prejudicial. We disagree.

      Under Rule 404(b), “[e]vidence of any other crime, wrong, or act is not

admissible to prove a person’s character in order to show that on a particular

occasion the person acted in accordance with the character.” Fed. R. Evid.

404(b)(1). Such evidence may be admissible for another purpose, “such as proving

motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, absence of

mistake, or lack of accident.” Fed. R. Evid. 404(b)(2). For evidence of other

crimes or acts to be admissible under Rule 404(b), “(1) it must be relevant to an

                                         11
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208       Date Filed: 05/27/2021    Page: 12 of 22

issue other than defendant’s character; (2) there must be sufficient proof to enable

a jury to find by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant committed the

act(s) in question; and (3) the probative value of the evidence cannot be

substantially outweighed by undue prejudice, and the evidence must satisfy [Fed.

R. Evid.] 403.” United States v. Edouard, 485 F.3d 1324, 1344 (11th Cir. 2007).

      The test for whether Rule 404(b) evidence should be admitted varies

depending on the purpose for which it is offered. United States v. Phaknikone,

605 F.3d 1099, 1108 (11th Cir. 2010). Evidence offered to prove identity must

satisfy a “particularly stringent analysis.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).

When extrinsic evidence is offered to prove identity, the “crucial consideration” is

the similarity between the charged crime and the prior act. United States v. Miller,

959 F.2d 1535, 1539 (11th Cir. 1992). “The physical similarity must be such that

it marks the offenses as the handiwork of the accused. In other words, the

evidence must demonstrate a modus operandi.” Id. (internal quotation marks

omitted). “The extrinsic act must be a signature crime, and the defendant must

have used a modus operandi that is uniquely his.” Phaknikone, 605 F.3d at 1108

(internal quotation marks omitted). The government must, therefore, show more

than simply that the defendant has at other times committed the same

“commonplace variety of criminal act.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).

                                          12
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208      Date Filed: 05/27/2021     Page: 13 of 22

      Here, the district court did not abuse its discretion in admitting the 404(b)

evidence of the two prior incidents at the Valero and Chevron stations because the

evidence was relevant to prove Acevedo’s identity and modus operandi. The two

uncharged acts were strikingly similar to the incidents charged in the indictment.

They both occurred within a year of the first incident charged in the indictment and

within the same geographic area. What is more, the first uncharged incident was

essentially identical to the two charged acts—a credit card skimmer was found

inside a gas pump and Acevedo’s fingerprint was found on the pump’s broken seal.

As to the second uncharged incident, Acevedo was identified by a witness as he

was attempting to open a gas pump. The scheme marks Acevedo’s “handiwork” as

it does not appear to be so “commonplace” such that anyone could have committed

the uncharged acts. Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). Further, any potential

prejudice caused by admitting this evidence was mitigated by the district court’s

limiting instruction to the jury. Edouard, 485 F.3d at 1346.

      b. Sufficiency of the Evidence

      Acevedo contends that the district court erred by denying his motion for

judgment of acquittal because the government failed to prove his guilt beyond a

reasonable doubt. He argues that the government presented no evidence to

establish he placed or had knowledge that someone else placed the skimmers

inside the gas pumps and that the fingerprint evidence only proved that he touched

                                         13
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208       Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 14 of 22

the components of the skimmers at some point. We reject Acevedo’s arguments.

      As noted, we review the sufficiency of the evidence de novo, considering the

evidence in the light most favorable to the government and drawing all reasonable

inferences in favor of the jury’s verdict. Green, 981 F.3d at 960. A jury is free to

choose among reasonable constructions of the evidence. United States v. Godwin,

765 F.3d 1306, 1320 (11th Cir. 2014). “It is not necessary that the evidence

exclude every reasonable hypothesis of innocence or be wholly inconsistent with

every conclusion except that of guilt.” United States v. Young, 906 F.2d 615, 618

(11th Cir. 1990). Thus, we may not overturn a jury’s verdict “if any reasonable

construction of the evidence would have allowed the jury to find the defendant

guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.” United States v. Capers, 708 F.3d 1286, 1297

(11th Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks omitted). Further, the test for

sufficiency of evidence is “identical regardless of whether the evidence is direct or

circumstantial,” and no distinction is made between the weight given to either

direct or circumstantial evidence. United States v. Isnadin, 742 F.3d 1278, 1303

(11th Cir. 2014) (internal quotation marks omitted). However, where the

government relies on circumstantial evidence, reasonable inferences, and not mere

speculation, must support the jury’s verdict. Id. Applying this standard, we

conclude that there was sufficient evidence to support Acevedo’s convictions.

                                         14
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208      Date Filed: 05/27/2021    Page: 15 of 22

      To sustain a conviction for Counts One and Three, the government was

required to show that Acevedo knowingly and with intent to defraud possessed

fifteen or more counterfeit or unauthorized access devices. 18 U.S.C. § 1029(a)(3).

To convict Acevedo of Counts Two and Four, the government had to establish that

he knowingly possessed device-making equipment with the intent to defraud. Id.

§ 1029(a)(4). And to sustain a conviction for Counts Five and Six, the government

was required to prove that Acevedo knowingly transferred, possessed, or used the

means of identification (including an access device) of another person, without

lawful authority, during and in relation to a felony enumerated in 18 U.S.C.

§ 1028A(c). United States v. Presendieu, 880 F.3d 1228, 1240 (11th Cir. 2018);

see also 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a)(1). Section 1028A(c) includes fraud in connection

with access devices under §§ 1029(a)(3) and (a)(4) as enumerated felonies. 18

U.S.C. § 1028A(c)(4).

      Guilty knowledge “may be inferred from circumstantial evidence[] and the

surrounding circumstances may supply inferences of knowledge which adequately

prove intent.” United States v. Perez, 698 F.2d 1168, 1170 (11th Cir. 1983)

(internal quotation marks omitted). An “intent to defraud” involves an intent to

“deceive or cheat, for the purpose of either causing some financial loss to another,

or bringing about some financial gain to one’s self.” United States v. Klopf,

423 F.3d 1228, 1240 (11th Cir. 2005) (internal quotation marks omitted). And

                                         15
           USCA11 Case: 19-12208        Date Filed: 05/27/2021      Page: 16 of 22

possession may be actual or constructive. United States v. Delva, 922 F.3d 1228,

1248 (11th Cir. 2019). “A person constructively possesses an item when he has

knowledge of the thing possessed coupled with the ability to maintain control over

it,” or when he “exercises ownership, dominion, or control over the contraband.”

Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).

       Here, there was sufficient evidence to convict Acevedo on all six counts.

The government presented evidence that Acevedo’s fingerprints were found on the

two skimmers discovered at the Chevron station; the jury could thus reasonably

conclude that he possessed the skimmers. See United States v. Tyler, 474 F.2d

1079, 1081 (5th Cir. 1973) (concluding that the jury was free to draw an inference

of actual possession from the presence of defendant’s fingerprint on a check).4

The jury heard evidence that a witness saw Acevedo attempting to open a gas

pump and then fleeing when told to stop. And based on Williams’s testimony that

skimmers have no lawful purpose and are used to capture credit card information

that passes through legitimate credit card readers, it was not unreasonable for the

jury to infer that Acevedo possessed the skimmers with the intent to defraud.

Further, because the skimmers could transmit the credit card information via

       4
        In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc), we
adopted as binding precedent all Fifth Circuit decisions issued before October 1, 1981.
                                              16
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208      Date Filed: 05/27/2021    Page: 17 of 22

Bluetooth, the jury could also infer that Acevedo had access to the 93 account

numbers captured by the skimmers.

      As to Acevedo’s conviction for aggravated identity theft, in addition to the

evidence listed above, the government established that the skimmers found at the

Chevron station stored a total of more than 30 account numbers, including

accounts belonging to B.D. and J.D. The jury heard B.D. and J.D. testify that they

had used their credit cards to buy gas at the Chevron station during the relevant

period, their cards had not been lost or stolen, and they had never given Acevedo

permission to possess their credit card accounts. It was therefore reasonable for

the jury to infer that Acevedo unlawfully possessed B.D.’s and J.D.’s means of

identification in relation to possessing unauthorized access devices and access

device-making equipment.

      Viewing the above evidence in the light most favorable to the government,

we cannot say the district court erred in denying Acevedo’s motion for judgment of

acquittal. See Green, 981 F.3d at 960. We thus affirm Acevedo’s convictions on

all counts.

   B. Acevedo’s Sentence

      Acevedo next challenges his 45-month sentence as procedurally and

substantively unreasonable. Procedurally, he contends that the district court erred

in calculating the loss amount as between $40,000 and $95,000. Substantively, he

                                         17
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208      Date Filed: 05/27/2021    Page: 18 of 22

argues that the district court imposed a sentence that was unreasonably severe. As

we explain below, we discern no error.

      a. Loss Amount

      Acevedo contends that the district court erred in determining the loss amount

of $46,500 because the government offered no evidence that he possessed the 93

credit card numbers. We reject Acevedo’s argument.

      We review a district court’s determination of the loss amount under the

Sentencing Guidelines for clear error. United States v. Cavallo, 790 F.3d 1202,

1232 (11th Cir. 2015). Because the district court is in a unique position to assess

the evidence and estimate the loss based upon that evidence, its loss determination

is entitled to appropriate deference. United States v. Melgen, 967 F.3d 1250, 1265

(11th Cir. 2020); U.S.S.G § 2B1.1, cmt. n.3(C). The Guidelines define “loss” as

the greater of “actual loss”—the reasonably foreseeable pecuniary harm that

resulted from the offense—or “intended loss”—the pecuniary harm the defendant

purposefully sought to inflict. U.S.S.G § 2B1.1, cmt. n.3(A)(i), (ii). The

Guidelines do not require a precise determination of loss. Cavallo, 790 F.3d at

1232. Instead, the district court “need only make a reasonable estimate of the loss,

given the available information.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). The

Guidelines state that if the case involved any counterfeit or unauthorized “access

device,” the loss includes “any unauthorized charges made . . . and shall be not less

                                         18
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208       Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 19 of 22

than $500 per access device.” U.S.S.G § 2B1.1, cmt. n.3(F)(i). Further, all

relevant conduct, whether charged conduct or not, may be considered in

determining the loss amount. See United States v. Foley, 508 F.3d 627, 633 (11th

Cir. 2007).

      The district court did not clearly err in calculating the loss amount at

$46,500. The court applied the lowest loss amount per access device permitted by

the Sentencing Guidelines, see U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1, cmt. n.3(F)(i), and Acevedo has

not shown the court clearly erred by using 93 access devices—the number of credit

card accounts obtained across the three skimmers—as the basis for that calculation.

      Therefore, we conclude that the district court did not plainly err when it

calculated the loss amount and assessed Acevedo a six-level enhancement.

      b. Substantive Reasonableness of the Sentence

      Acevedo asserts that his sentence is substantively unreasonable because his

45-month sentence was more than double the high end of the Guidelines range, and

the district court offered only a “blanket statement” that it had considered the 18

U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors. We reject his argument.

      We review for abuse of discretion whether a sentence is substantively

unreasonable by considering the totality of the circumstances, including “whether

                                          19
           USCA11 Case: 19-12208           Date Filed: 05/27/2021        Page: 20 of 22

the statutory factors in § 3553(a) support the sentence in question.”5 United States

v. Gonzalez, 550 F.3d 1319, 1324 (11th Cir. 2008). We will not “second guess the

weight (or lack thereof) that [a district court] accorded to a given factor . . . as long

as the sentence ultimately imposed is reasonable in light of all the circumstances

presented.” United States v. Snipes, 611 F.3d 855, 872 (11th Cir. 2010) (internal

quotation marks omitted). We may vacate a sentence only if we firmly believe that

the district court “committed a clear error of judgment in weighing the § 3553(a)

factors by arriving at a sentence that lies outside the range of reasonable sentences

dictated by the facts of the case.” United States v. Irey, 612 F.3d 1160, 1190 (11th

Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). The party challenging the sentence

bears the burden of showing it is unreasonable. United States v. Tome, 611 F.3d

1371, 1378 (11th Cir. 2010). And a sentence that is within the Guidelines range

and well below the statutory maximum penalty is usually reasonable. See United

States v. Whyte, 928 F.3d 1317, 1338 (11th Cir. 2019) (“We ordinarily expect that

a sentence within the Guidelines is reasonable.”); Gonzalez, 550 F.3d at 1324

       5
          Under § 3553(a), the district court is required to impose a sentence “sufficient, but not
greater than necessary, to comply with the purposes” of the statute. These purposes include the
need to: reflect the seriousness of the offense; promote respect for the law; provide just
punishment; deter criminal conduct; protect the public from the defendant’s future criminal
conduct; and effectively provide the defendant with educational or vocational training, medical
care, or other correctional treatment. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2). The court must also consider the
nature and circumstances of the offense, the history and characteristics of the defendant, the
kinds of sentences available, the applicable guidelines range, the pertinent policy statements of
the Sentencing Commission, the need to avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities, and the need
to provide restitution to victims. Id. § 3553(a)(1), (3)–(7).

                                                 20
         USCA11 Case: 19-12208        Date Filed: 05/27/2021    Page: 21 of 22

(holding that the sentence was reasonable in part because it was well below the

statutory maximum).

      Here, the district court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing Acevedo to

45 months’ imprisonment. Before imposing the sentence, the court expressed that

it had considered the § 3553(a) factors, the PSR, the Guidelines range, and the

parties’ arguments. The district court’s statement is sufficient, as nothing “requires

the district court to state on the record that it has explicitly considered each of the

§ 3553(a) factors or to discuss each of the § 3553(a) factors.” United States v.

Docampo, 573 F.3d 1091, 1100 (11th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks

omitted). Acevedo argues that the sentence imposed was “problematic” given his

lack of criminal history, his acknowledgment of wrongdoing, and his familial

support. Appellant’s Br. at 44. But the weight the district court accords to “any

given § 3553(a) factor is a matter committed to the sound discretion of the district

court.” United States v. Clay, 483 F.3d 739, 743 (11th Cir. 2007) (internal

quotation marks omitted).

      Additionally, Acevedo argues that his 45-month sentence is outside the

Guidelines range, but he fails to acknowledge that the district court was required to

impose a mandatory two-year sentence for the aggravated identity theft counts to

run consecutively to his other sentence. See 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a)(1), (b);

U.S.S.G. § 2B1.6 cmt. n.1. Acevedo’s remaining sentence, 21 months for Counts

                                           21
        USCA11 Case: 19-12208       Date Filed: 05/27/2021   Page: 22 of 22

One to Four, was within the Guidelines range and well below the 120-month

statutory maximum for possession of unauthorized access devices and the 180-

month statutory maximum for possession of device-making equipment, see

18 U.S.C. § 1029(c)(1)(A)(i)–(ii), which supports a finding of reasonableness, see

Whyte, 928 F.3d at 1338; Gonzalez, 550 F.3d at 1324.

      We cannot conclude from this record that the district court abused its

discretion in imposing a 45-month sentence.

                              IV.   CONCLUSION

      For the foregoing reasons, we affirm Acevedo’s convictions and sentence.

      AFFIRMED.

                                        22