Court Opinion

ID: 5133841
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-12-09 22:02:10.814976+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:23:40.368178
License: Public Domain

In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                 OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                           No. 18-1683V
                                     Filed: November 2, 2021

    ************************* *
                                 *
    APRIL L. STRANG-KUTAY,       *
                                 *
                                 *
                     Petitioner, *                         Findings of Fact; Situs and Onset; Tdap
                                 *                         Vaccine; SIRVA
    v.                           *
                                 *
                                 *
    SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND      *
    HUMAN SERVICES,              *
                                 *
                                 *
                     Respondent. *
                                 *
    ************************* *

Kristina Grigorian, Jeffrey S. Pop & Associates, Beverly Hills, CA, for Petitioner
Emilie Williams, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent

                                         RULING ON ONSET1

Oler, Special Master:

        On October 31, 2018, April Strang-Kutay (“Ms. Strang-Kutay” or “Petitioner”) filed a
petition for compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42 U.S.C. §
300aa-10, et seq.2 (the “Vaccine Act” or “Program”). The petition alleges that the Petitioner

1
  Because this unpublished Ruling contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case, I intend to
post it on the United States Court of Federal Claims' website, in accordance with the E-Government Act of
2002. 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012) (Federal Management and Promotion of Electronic Government
Services). This means the Ruling will be available to anyone with access to the internet. However, the
parties may object to the Ruling’s inclusion of certain kinds of confidential information. Specifically, under
Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party has fourteen days within which to request redaction “of any information
furnished by that party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged
or confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute
a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the whole Ruling will be
available to the public. Id.
2
 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for ease
of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. § 300aa
(2012).

                                                                                                            1
developed a right SIRVA as a result of the Tdap vaccine she received on November 6, 2017. Pet.
at 1.

        After carefully considering the evidence presented in this case, to include the medical
records, expert opinion, and affidavits, I find that Petitioner received the Tdap vaccination in her
right arm and that her shoulder pain began that same day.

   I.      Procedural History

       Petitioner filed her petition on October 31, 2018. Pet., ECF No. 1. Petitioner filed
supporting medical records and affidavits on November 2, 2018. Exs. 1-10.

        Respondent filed his Rule 4(c) Report on November 12, 2019. Resp’t’s Rep.; ECF No. 16.
Respondent argued that this case is not appropriate for compensation because the vaccination
record indicates that Petitioner received her Tdap vaccine in her left arm, and because the onset of
Petitioner’s condition is unclear, as she did not seek help from a medical professional until
approximately five months after vaccination. Id. at 4-6.

        After considering litigative risk settlement, Respondent filed a status report on May 4, 2020
indicating that he wanted to defend the case. ECF No. 23. This case was transferred to my docket
on May 5, 2020. ECF No. 24.

        I held a status conference on May 12, 2020 where I asked the parties whether a ruling on
situs and onset or a Rule 5 determination concerning those matters would help to move the case
forward. ECF No. 26. On June 11, 2020, the parties requested that I conduct a Rule 5 conference.
ECF No. 27. Accordingly, on June 17, 2020, I conducted a Rule 5 conference where I preliminarily
found that Petitioner received her Tdap vaccine in her right arm, and that the pain she experienced
from that vaccination began the same day. See Scheduling Order dated June 18, 2020, ECF No.
28. I ordered Respondent to file a status report indicating how he would like to proceed in light of
my preliminary factual determinations. Id.

        On August 4, 2020, Respondent indicated that he was willing to engage in settlement
negotiations. ECF. No. 31. The parties attempted to informally resolve the case for approximately
ten months. See ECF Nos. 32-38. On June 10, 2021, Petitioner indicated her intent to file an expert
report due to the lack of progress in settlement discussions. ECF No. 39. Petitioner requested that
I rule on the record regarding situs and onset. Id. at 2.

        Petitioner filed an expert report from Dr. Raymond Peart, an orthopedic surgeon and one
of her treating physicians on June 28, 2021. Ex. 23.

        On July 12, 2021, Respondent filed a status report indicating that he was amenable to a
ruling on the record as to situs and onset. ECF No. 41.

       On July 13, 2021, I ordered the parties to file briefs on the factual issues by September 13,
2021. See Non-PDF Order dated July 13, 2021. The parties each filed their briefs on September
10, 2021. ECF Nos. 43, 44. This matter is now ripe for a factual determination.

                                                                                                   2
    II.     Petitioner’s Medical Records that Pertain to the Issue of Onset

       On November 3, 2017, Petitioner visited the Passport Health Clinic where she received the
Hepatitis A and Typhoid vaccinations in her left deltoid. Ex. 3 at 9.

        Petitioner received a Tdap vaccine on November 6, 2017. The vaccination record indicates
that the vaccine was administered in her left shoulder. Ex. 2 at 1.

        On April 16, 2018, Petitioner presented to Dr. Raymond Peart for extremity pain in her
right shoulder. Ex. 4 at 10. The medical record indicates that “back in November [Petitioner] went
to CVS and had a flu3 vaccine injection…she did have some pain during the actual injection but
later that day her shoulder became progressively more painful…she denies having any problems
with her right upper extremity…” Id. Dr. Peart diagnosed Petitioner with “subacromial bursitis
with pain right shoulder status post probable subacromial vaccine injection November 2017.” Id.

        On June 4, 2018, Petitioner visited Anna O’Connor, a physical therapist, for an initial
evaluation. Ex. 4 at 7. Ms. O’Connor stated that “[Patient] is starting OP therapy due to right
shoulder pain. [S]he had vaccinations in R[ight] shoulder in November 2017 and had severe pain
after that.” Id.

       On April 23, 2019, Petitioner visited the Hershey Medical Center due to her ongoing right
shoulder pain. The medical record notes that Petitioner “attributes her pain to a vaccination that
she received at a local pharmacy.” Ex. 13 at 11.

        On February 4, 2021, Petitioner had arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and subacromial
decompression. Ex. 16 at 85. The clinical note from the operative report indicates: “This is a
patient, who has had ongoing pain in her right shoulder following a vaccine injection.” Id. at 86.

    III.    Medical Opinion

        Dr. Raymond Peart, an orthopedic surgeon and one of Petitioner’s treating physicians,
provided a letter in support of Petitioner’s claim. Ex. 40. In this letter, Dr. Peart opined that
Petitioner’s injection was likely placed too high on her shoulder due to the fact that she was
instructed to pull her shirt down to expose the injection site. Id. at 2. This resulted in the needle
likely entering the subacromial space. Id. Dr. Peart ultimately opined that Petitioner “developed
right shoulder pain shortly following a Tdap vaccination consistent with SIRVA.” Id.

    IV.     Affidavits that Address the Issue of Onset and Situs

       Petitioner filed her affidavit on November 2, 2018. Ex. 1. Petitioner stated that “On
November 3, 2017, I received Hepatitis A and Typhoid vaccinations administered into my left
shoulder….” Id. at ¶ 7. On November 6, 2017, Petitioner “went to CVS Pharmacy…in order to

3
  While Dr. Peart states that Petitioner received a flu vaccine in November, the medical records do not
indicate that Petitioner received a flu vaccine at this time. Based on the available evidence, I believe Dr.
Peart meant the Tdap vaccine Petitioner received on November 6, 2017.

                                                                                                          3
receive a Tdap vaccine.” Id. at ¶ 8. Petitioner further stated that “the pharmacist asked me which
arm I preferred for the vaccination. I chose my right arm, since 3 days ago, I had received two
vaccinations into my left arm…. Within several hours, my right shoulder became sore.” Id.

        Petitioner filed an affidavit from Ms. Lynda Summy on November 2, 2018. Ex. 11. Ms.
Summy stated that “Ms. Strang-Kutay told me that she had received her vaccine the prior day, as
planned, but that her right shoulder was ‘killing her.’ Throughout that day, and for several days
thereafter, she continued to complain of right shoulder and arm pain and difficulty moving her
right arm.” Id. at ¶ 7.

        Petitioner filed an affidavit from her husband, Gary Kutay. Ex. 10. In this document, Mr.
Kutay stated that on November 6, 2017, Petitioner received a Tdap vaccination in preparation for
an upcoming trip to Bali. Id. at ¶ 6, 7. After she received the vaccine, Petitioner showed Mr. Kutay
where the Tdap shot had been injected on the right side, “high on the upper arm”. Id. at ¶ 7.
Petitioner further stated that “her right arm was more sore than her left arm had been when she had
received two vaccinations in the arm several days prior.” Id. Petitioner’s right shoulder remained
painful after the Tdap vaccination. Id. at ¶ 8-12.

        Petitioner also filed an affidavit from her daughter, Hollace Kutay. Ex. 9. She stated that
on November 6, 2017, she visited a local pharmacy with her mother in order to receive the Tdap
vaccine in preparation for an upcoming trip to Bali. Id. at ¶ 4. She described that her mother was
wearing a business suit, and that the pharmacist instructed her to pull down the collar of her suit
in order to expose her right shoulder. Id. at ¶ 7. The pharmacist then injected her right shoulder.
Id. Later that evening, Petitioner told Ms. Kutay that her right shoulder was sore. Id. at ¶ 8.
Petitioner continued to complain of right shoulder pain in the days and weeks that followed. Id. at
¶ 9-12.

   V.      Legal Standards Regarding Fact Finding

        Petitioner bears the burden of establishing her claim by a preponderance of the evidence.
42 U.S.C. § 300aa-13(1)(a). A petitioner must offer evidence that leads the “trier of fact to believe
that the existence of a fact is more probable than its nonexistence before [he or she] may find in
favor of the party who has the burden to persuade the judge of the fact’s existence.” Moberly v.
Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 592 F.3d 1315, 1322 n.2 (Fed. Cir. 2010) (citations omitted).

        In order to make a determination concerning factual issues, such as the timing of onset of
petitioner’s alleged injury, the special master should first look to the medical records. “Medical
records, in general, warrant consideration as trustworthy evidence. The records contain
information supplied to or by health professionals to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of medical
conditions. With proper treatment hanging in the balance, accuracy has an extra premium.”
Cucuras v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 993 F.2d 1525, 1528 (Fed. Cir. 1993); Lowrie v. Sec’y
of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 03-1585V, 2006 WL 3734216, at *8 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 29,
2006). Medical records created contemporaneously with the events they describe are presumed to
be accurate and complete. Doe/70 v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 95 Fed. Cl. 598, 608 (2010).

                                                                                                   4
        Contemporaneous medical records generally merit greater evidentiary weight than oral
testimony; this is particularly true where such testimony conflicts with the record evidence.
Cucuras, 993 F.2d at 1528; see also Murphy v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 23 Cl. Ct. 726, 733
(1991), aff’d, 968 F.2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1992)(citing United States v. United States Gypsum Co.,
333 U.S. 364, 396 (1947) (“It has generally been held that oral testimony which is in conflict with
contemporaneous documents is entitled to little evidentiary weight”)). “Written documentation
recorded by a disinterested person at or soon after the event at issue is generally more reliable than
the recollection of a party to a lawsuit many years later.” Reusser v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs.,
28 Fed. Cl. 516, 523 (1993).

       However, there are situations in which compelling oral testimony may be more persuasive
than written records--for instance in cases where records are found to be incomplete or inaccurate.
Campbell, 69 Fed. Cl. at 779 (“like any norm based upon common sense and experience, this rule
should not be treated as an absolute and must yield where the factual predicates for its application
are weak or lacking”); Lowrie, 2005 WL 6117475, at *19 (“Written records which are, themselves,
inconsistent, should be accorded less deference than those which are internally consistent”)
(quoting Murphy, 23 Cl. Ct. at 733).

        When witness testimony is used to overcome the presumption of accuracy afforded to
contemporaneous medical records, such testimony must be “consistent, clear, cogent, and
compelling.” Sanchez v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 11-685V, 2013 WL 1880825 (Fed.
Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 10, 2013) (citing Blutstein v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 90-2808V,
1998 WL 408611, at *5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 30, 1998)). In determining the accuracy and
completeness of medical records, the Court of Federal Claims has listed four possible explanations
for inconsistencies between contemporaneously created medical records and later testimony: (1) a
person’s failure to recount to the medical professional everything that happened during the relevant
time period; (2) the medical professional’s failure to document everything reported to her or him;
(3) a person’s faulty recollection of the events when presenting testimony; or (4) a person’s
purposeful recounting of symptoms that did not exist. La Londe v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs.,
110 Fed. Cl. 184, 203-04 (2013), aff’d, 746 F.3d 1334 (Fed. Cir. 2014). A special master making
a determination whether to afford greater weight to contemporaneous medical records or other
evidence, such as testimony at a hearing must have evidence suggesting the decision was a rational
determination. Burns by Burns v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 3 F.3d 415, 417 (Fed. Cir. 1993).

   VI.     Findings of Fact

       Petitioner has the burden of demonstrating the facts necessary for entitlement to an award
by a preponderance of the evidence. § 300aa-12(a)(1)(A). Under that standard, the existence of a
fact must be shown to be “more probable than its nonexistence.” In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 371
(1970) (Harlan, J., concurring).

        After reviewing the medical records, expert opinion, and affidavits presented in this case,
and after my careful examination of the record as a whole, I find there is preponderant evidence
that Petitioner received her Tdap vaccination in her right shoulder, and that the onset of Petitioner’s
shoulder pain began on November 6, 2017, the day of vaccination.

                                                                                                     5
       A. Situs

        Although Petitioner’s vaccination record states that she received the Tdap vaccine in her
left shoulder, the medical records from April 16, 2017 and June 4, 2017 clearly state that Petitioner
sought treatment for her right shoulder due to a vaccination she received in that same shoulder.
Ex. 4 at 7, 10. Although more remote in time, Petitioner continued to attribute her right shoulder
pain to a vaccination in that same arm. On April 23, 2019, Petitioner described pain in her right
shoulder after vaccination. Ex. 13 at 11. Similarly, on February 4, 2021, Petitioner’s operative
report from her rotator cuff repair notes that Petitioner experienced “ongoing pain in her right
shoulder following a vaccine injection.” Ex. 16 at 86.

        In addition to these medical records, I find the reasoning articulated by Petitioner in her
affidavit to be persuasive; specifically, she wanted to receive the Tdap vaccine in her right shoulder
because she had recently received two vaccinations in her left shoulder. See Ex. 3 at 9; Ex. 1. This
reasoning and behavior are consistent with my view of how reasonable people act and lend truth
to her claim.

       The cumulative weight of these medical records coupled with the persuasive report
described in Petitioner’s affidavit amount to preponderant evidence that she received her Tdap
vaccine in her right shoulder.

       B. Onset of Right Shoulder Pain

        Petitioner’s medical records support a finding that her pain from the Tdap vaccine began
within 48 hours of vaccination. On April 16, 2018, Petitioner presented to Dr. Peart for right
shoulder pain. Ex. 4 at 10. The medical record indicates that Petitioner experienced pain during
the injection itself and “later that day her shoulder became progressively more painful…” Id.
Although none of the other medical records specifically document onset of pain within 48 hours,
they are all consistent with the records from April 16, 2018. See Ex. 4 at 7 (an initial PT visit on
June 4, 2018 which notes that Petitioner “had vaccinations in R shoulder in November 2017 and
had severe pain after that.”); Ex. 13 at 11 (medical record where Petitioner “attributes her pain to
a vaccination that she received at a local pharmacy.”); Ex. 16 at 86 (post-operative report which
documents, “This is a patient, who has had ongoing pain in her right shoulder following a vaccine
injection.”).

        In his letter filed in support of Petitioner’s claim, Dr. Peart opined that Petitioner
“developed right shoulder pain shortly following a Tdap vaccination consistent with SIRVA.” Ex.
40 at 2. As one of Petitioner’s treating physicians, Dr. Peart’s opinion concerning the onset of
Petitioner’s pain merits due consideration and is a factor in my analysis of the factual issues in this
case.

       In her affidavit, Petitioner stated that her right shoulder became painful within several
hours of her receipt of the Tdap vaccine. Ex. 1 at 2. Petitioner’s affidavit as well as those submitted
on her behalf provide additional evidence of immediate right shoulder pain after her November 6,
2017 Tdap vaccination.

                                                                                                     6
   VII.    Conclusion

        I have considered Petitioner’s medical records, the affidavits submitted by her and on her
behalf, as well as Dr. Peart’s medical opinion. I find that the totality of this evidence provides
preponderant evidence that Petitioner received a Tdap vaccine in her right shoulder, and that she
began to experience right shoulder pain on November 6, 2017, the day of vaccination.

       The following is therefore ORDERED:

        By no later than December 2, 2021, the parties shall file a joint status report updating me
on their proposed next steps in the case based on the facts articulated in this ruling.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                                             s/ Katherine E. Oler
                                                                                 Katherine E. Oler
                                                                                   Special Master

                                                                                                 7