Court Opinion

ID: 2741545
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-10-10 15:03:42.143898+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:55:02.976345
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
 Memorandum Decision shall not be
 regarded as precedent or cited before any
 court except for the purpose of establishing
 the defense of res judicata, collateral
 estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                             ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

KRISTIN R. WILLADSEN                                GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Muncie, Indiana                                     Attorney General of Indiana

                                                    ROBERT J. HENKE
                                                    Deputy Attorney General

                                                    ABIGAIL R. MILLER
                                                    Certified Legal Intern
                                                    Indianapolis, Indiana
                                                                              Oct 10 2014, 9:49 am

                                 IN THE
                       COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

IN RE THE TERMINATION OF THE                        )
PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP OF                        )
Jo.N. and Ja.N. (Minor Children) and                )
                                                    )
T.N. (Mother),                                      )
                                                    )
       Appellant-Respondent,                        )
                                                    )
                 vs.                                )       No. 18A02-1403-JT-217
                                                    )
INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CHILD                         )
SERVICES,                                           )
                                                    )
       Appellee-Petitioner.                         )

                       APPEAL FROM THE DELAWARE CIRCUIT COURT
                           The Honorable Kimberly S. Dowling, Judge
                            The Honorable Brian Pierce, Magistrate
                             Cause Nos. 18C02-1307-JT-19 and -20

                                         October 10, 2014

                  MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

CRONE, Judge
                                             Case Summary

        T.N. (“Mother”) appeals the trial court’s termination of her parental rights to her two

children, Jo.N. and Ja.N. We affirm.

                                   Facts and Procedural History

        Mother gave birth to Jo.N. in November 2007 and to Ja.N. in April 2009. In February

2014, the trial court issued nearly identical termination orders regarding the children that read

in pertinent part as follows:1

        2.      The child[ren were] removed from the care of [their] mother on
                February 23, 2012. On February 27, 2012 this Court ordered that the
                child[ren] remain detained and authorized continued placement with
                relatives.

        3.      The child[ren were] removed from mother because mother left the
                child[ren] with a care-giver for several days; that care-giver could not
                successfully contact mother, and the care-giver could no longer provide
                child care for the child[ren]. After a fact-finding, the child[ren were]
                adjudicated to be [Children] In Need of Services (CHINS).

        4.      This Court ordered that mother submit to random drug screens,
                participate in parenting education and home-based case management,
                maintain suitable housing, keep all appointments regarding services and
                maintain contact with the DCS [Department of Child Services] family
                case manager. Upon securing suitable housing, this Court authorized
                DCS to begin a trial home visit with mother. On July 15, 2012, the
                child[ren were] placed in a trial home visit with mother.

        5.      Mother tested positive for amphetamine and methamphetamine on
                October 18, 2012; positive for cocaine and high amounts of
                hydrocodone on November 6, 2012; and missed a screen, which this
                court counts as a positive screen, on November 30, 2012. Due to
                mother’s drug usage, this Court authorized DCS to remove the

        1
           The orders occasionally refer to the parties by their full names or as “child.” We use “Mother” and
initials where appropriate.

                                                      2
      child[ren] from mother’s care should she either miss any drug screens
      or test positive.

6.    On January 22, 2013, DCS filed a motion requesting removal of the
      child[ren]. At that time, mother admitted to continued usage of drugs
      not prescribed to her. Additionally, mother left the [children] with a
      babysitter not yet vetted by DCS and Jo.N. was fondled by that
      babysitter. Further, on January 21, 2013 Jo.N. reported that [she] woke
      up from a nap and could not find [her] mother and that there was
      another unauthorized adult in the home, asleep at that time. This Court
      granted DCS’s motion to have the children removed from mother’s care
      and placed the children in licensed foster care and soon thereafter to
      relative care-givers. The child[ren remain] in that placement to date.

7.    After removal of the children on January 22, 2013, mother indicated
      that she would not attend supervised visitation and began cancelling
      visitations. This Court held a thirty (30) day review hearing on
      February 25, 2013 and found that mother had been non-compliant with
      court ordered visitations and services.

8.    Mother continued to be non-compliant with court ordered services at
      the time of the Permanency Hearing. Mother was failing to maintain
      contact with the case manager, failed to engage in substance abuse
      treatment, failed to regularly engage in individual therapy, failed to
      regularly attend meetings with her home-based case worker, and failed
      to regularly make herself available for drug screens. Additionally,
      mother was evicted from her apartment and failed to maintain
      employment.

9.    Due to a pattern of missed visits, and due to the emotional stress placed
      on the child[ren] because of mother’s missed visits, this Court
      suspended mother’s visitation on July 31, 2013. On October 4, 2014
      [sic], this Court ordered that DCS was no longer obligated to provide
      reunification services to mother since she had failed to engage in
      reunification services in any meaningful way. When mother did appear
      at visitation, she would not engage her children in any meaningful way.

10.   On September 24, 2013, Mother pled guilty to conversion, a class A
      misdemeanor.

11.   That at the time the fact-finding was held [on DCS’s petitions to
      terminate Mother’s parental rights in January 2014], mother was

                                      3
      incarcerated, having been charged with Conspiracy to Commit Dealing
      in Methamphetamine, a Class B Felony, and Unlawful Sale of a
      Precursor, a Class D Felony.

12.   Mother failed to make any progress in therapy. She demonstrated no
      insight into why her children remained out of her care and failed to take
      any personal responsibility and blamed others for the continued
      removal of the child[ren]. Out of eighteen (18) scheduled therapy
      sessions, mother failed to appear at thirteen (13) of those scheduled
      sessions.

13.   This Court has failed to see Mother demonstrate any responsibility or
      improvement in parenting during the course of this case. When the
      child[ren were] placed in her care, the pattern of neglect continued and
      required the removal of the child[ren] from her care.

14.   The child[ren are] placed in a safe, stable and loving home with [foster
      parents]. The [foster parents] intend to adopt the child[ren] if given
      that opportunity.

15.   That the CASA [court-appointed special advocate] agrees that it is in
      the best interest of the child[ren] to terminate the parental rights of
      Mother.

16.   That father of the child[ren], C.N., has executed a consent to adoption
      that will allow the [foster parents] to adopt the child[ren] if mother’s
      parental rights are terminated.

17.   That based on the foregoing, there is a reasonable probability that the
      conditions that resulted in the child[ren’s] removal will not be
      remedied.

18.   That based on the foregoing, there is a reasonable probability that the
      continuation of the parent/child relationship herein poses a threat to the
      well being of the child[ren].

19.   Termination of the parent/child relationship is in the best interest of the
      child[ren].

20.   The Indiana DCS has a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
      the child[ren], which is adoption.

                                       4
        21.      The Indiana DCS has proven their [sic] petition herein by clear and
                 convincing evidence.

               IT IS NOW THEREFORE ORDERED that the parent/child relationship
        between Mother [and the children] is hereby terminated together with all rights
        and privileges contained therein.

Appellant’s App. at 62-64.2 Mother now appeals.

                                       Discussion and Decision

        “The traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children is

protected by the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.” Matter of M.B.,

666 N.E.2d 73, 76 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied. “However, the trial court must

subordinate the interests of the parents to those of the child when evaluating the

circumstances surrounding a termination of the parent-child relationship.” In re J.S., 906

N.E.2d 226, 231 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). “The purpose of terminating parental rights is not to

punish parents but to protect their children. Although parental rights have a constitutional

dimension, the law allows for their termination when parties are unable or unwilling to meet

their responsibility as parents.” In re S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d 874, 880 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004)

(citation omitted).

        2
           Indiana Appellate Rule 50(A)(1) states, “The purpose of an Appendix in civil appeals … is to
present the Court with copies of only those parts of the record on appeal that are necessary for the Court to
decide the issues presented.” An appellant’s appendix in a civil appeal must contain “pleadings and other
documents from the Clerk’s Record in chronological order that are necessary for resolution of the issues raised
on appeal[.]” Ind. Appellate Rule 50(A)(2)(f). A substantial portion of Mother’s 165-page appendix consists
of subpoenas, subpoena returns, and transport orders, none of which are necessary to decide the issue that
Mother raises on appeal. Also, we remind Mother’s counsel that an appellant’s statement of facts “shall be in
narrative form and shall not be a witness by witness summary of the testimony.” Ind. Appellate Rule
46(A)(6)(c).

                                                      5
       Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(b)(2) provides that a petition to terminate parental

rights must allege

       (A) that one (1) of the following is true:

              (i) The child has been removed from the parent for at least six (6)
              months under a dispositional decree.

              (ii) A court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-21-5.6 that reasonable
              efforts for family preservation or reunification are not required,
              including a description of the court’s finding, the date of the finding,
              and the manner in which the finding was made.

              (iii) The child has been removed from the parent and has been under the
              supervision of a local office or probation department for at least fifteen
              (15) months of the most recent twenty-two (22) months, beginning with
              the date the child is removed from the home as a result of the child
              being alleged to be a child in need of services or a delinquent child;

       (B) that one (1) of the following is true:

              (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in
              the child’s removal or the reasons for placement outside the home of
              the parents will not be remedied.

              (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the parent-
              child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the child.

              (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been adjudicated a
              child in need of services;

       (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

       (D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the child.

       DCS must prove “each and every element” by clear and convincing evidence. In re

G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1261 (Ind. 2009); Ind. Code § 31-37-14-2. “The trial court need not

wait until the child is irreversibly harmed such that her physical, mental, and social

                                               6
development is permanently impaired before terminating the parent-child relationship.” In re

A.K., 924 N.E.2d 212, 224 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans. dismissed. If the trial court finds that

the allegations in a petition are true, the court shall terminate the parent-child relationship.

Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8(a).

       We have long had a highly deferential standard of review in cases involving the

termination of parental rights. In re I.A., 903 N.E.2d 146, 152-53 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). We

neither reweigh evidence nor judge witness credibility. Id. at 153. We consider only the

evidence and reasonable inferences therefrom that are favorable to the trial court’s judgment.

Id. “When reviewing findings of fact and conclusions thereon in a case involving

termination of parental rights, we apply a two-tiered standard of review.” Id. We first

determine whether the evidence supports the findings and then determine whether the

findings support the judgment. Id. “In deference to the trial court’s unique position to assess

the evidence, we will set aside a judgment terminating a parent-child relationship only if it is

clearly erroneous.” In re C.A., 15 N.E.3d 85, 92-93 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014). “Clear error is that

which ‘leaves us with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made.” Id. at 93

(quoting J.M. v. Marion Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 802 N.E.2d 40, 44 (Ind. Ct. App.

2004), trans. denied).

       Mother does not challenge the validity of any of the trial court’s findings of fact.

Instead, she complains that “the trial court failed to consider numerous important factors

favorable to her argument that her parental rights should not be terminated. There is no

evidence that [Mother] ever abused her children and little evidence that she neglected her

                                               7
children in any way.” Appellant’s Br. at 12. On the contrary, there is plenty of evidence that

Mother neglected the children on multiple occasions. The children were originally removed

from Mother’s home because she left them for several days in the home of a caregiver who

was unable to contact Mother. Mother tested positive for illegal or unprescribed drugs

several times during the children’s trial home visit in 2012, and she left the children with an

unapproved babysitter who allegedly fondled Jo.N. On another occasion, Jo.N. awoke from a

nap and could not find Mother but did find an unauthorized adult asleep in the home.

        Moreover, Mother missed numerous visits with the children, which caused them

significant emotional distress, and she failed to engage with them when she did show up.

She was also noncompliant with services (including substance abuse treatment), failed to

maintain employment, and was twice evicted from her residence.3 In September 2013,

Mother pled guilty to class A misdemeanor conversion. And at the time of the factfinding

hearing in January 2014, Mother was incarcerated on charges of class B felony conspiracy to

commit dealing in methamphetamine and class D felony unlawful sale of a precursor. Thus,

it is clear from the record that while Mother may not have abused the children, she repeatedly

neglected them and failed to act in their best interests.

        In a single sentence at the beginning of the argument section of her brief, Mother

purports to challenge the validity of the trial court’s conclusions regarding the factors

mentioned in Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) and -(C). Mother’s argument is

        3
          Consequently, we are unimpressed by Mother’s statement that she “maintained the same residence
from July 2012 to January 2013.” Appellant’s Br. at 13. And based on her incarceration for two pending
felony charges, we are unpersuaded by her statement that “she would have adequate housing available at her
mother’s home where both she and the children could stay.” Id.

                                                    8
essentially an invitation to reweigh the evidence in her favor. See Appellant’s Br. at 13

(“[Mother] feels that the trial court gave no weight to the positive aspects pointed out

above.”). This we may not do. I.A., 903 N.E.2d at 153. The trial court’s conclusions are

amply supported by its uncontradicted findings of fact. Mother has failed to establish that the

trial court’s judgment is clearly erroneous, and therefore we affirm.

       Affirmed.

RILEY, J., and MATHIAS, J., concur.

                                              9