Court Opinion

ID: 4586101
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-13 15:03:58.316446+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:48:03.559442
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: NOVEMBER 6, 2020; 10:00 A.M.
                       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                Commonwealth of Kentucky
                          Court of Appeals

                             NO. 2020-CA-0382-ME

SCOTT M. BRUGGEWORTH                                               APPELLANT

                APPEAL FROM ANDERSON FAMILY COURT
v.               HONORABLE S. MARIE HELLARD, JUDGE
                      ACTION NO. 20-D-00009-001

ANNIKA MARIAN BRUGGEWORTH                                           APPELLEE

                                    OPINION
                                   AFFIRMING

                                  ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: GOODWINE, MCNEILL, AND L. THOMPSON, JUDGES.

GOODWINE, JUDGE: Scott Bruggeworth (“Scott”) appeals from a domestic

violence order (“DVO”) entered against him by the Anderson Family Court. After

careful review of the DVO statutes, finding no error, we affirm.

            On February 2, 2020, Annika Bruggeworth (“Annika”) petitioned the

Anderson Family Court for a DVO against her husband, Scott. Annika alleged
Scott had become increasingly violent in recent years and had recently pushed her

down the stairs, hit her in the face multiple times, and prevented her from leaving

the house for her breast cancer treatment appointments. On the day Annika filed

the petition, she alleged Scott “kicked in the door and pushed my door into my

face.” Record (“R.”) at 12. Based on Annika’s petition, the family court entered

an emergency protective order (“EPO”) on her behalf and scheduled a hearing on

the petition.

                During the hearing, the family court read the allegations in Annika’s

petition into the record and heard testimony from both parties. At the end of the

hearing, the family court found Annika established by a preponderance of the

evidence that an act of domestic violence and abuse had occurred and may occur

again. The family court made additional written findings regarding threatening

text messages sent by Scott to Annika and found Scott had physically pushed

Annika down the stairs. Based on these findings, the family court issued a three-

year DVO for Annika. Scott appealed.

                On appeal, Scott argues: (1) the family court’s factual findings were

clearly erroneous; (2) the family court violated the KRE1 106 rule of completeness;

and (3) Annika manipulated the family court. Under Kentucky law, a court may

1
    Kentucky Rules of Evidence.

                                           -2-
enter a DVO if it “finds by a preponderance of the evidence that domestic violence

and abuse has occurred and may again occur[.]” KRS2 403.740(1).

                The preponderance of the evidence standard is satisfied
                when sufficient evidence establishes the alleged victim
                was more likely than not to have been a victim
                of domestic violence. . . . The standard of review for
                factual determinations is whether the family court’s
                finding of domestic violence was clearly erroneous.
                Findings are not clearly erroneous if they are supported
                by substantial evidence.

Caudill v. Caudill, 318 S.W.3d 112, 114-15 (Ky. App. 2010) (citations omitted).

                Before reaching the merits of Scott’s arguments, we must address a

significant deficiency in his brief. “There are rules and guidelines for filing

appellate briefs. . . . Appellants must follow these rules and guidelines, or risk

their brief being stricken, and appeal dismissed, by the appellate court.” Koester v.

Koester, 569 S.W.3d 412, 413 (Ky. App. 2019) (citing CR3 76.12). Scott’s brief

includes a preservation statement that makes no “reference to the record showing

whether the issue was properly preserved for review and, if so, in what manner” as

required by CR 76.12(4)(c)(v). An appellant’s compliance with this rule allows us

to undergo “meaningful and efficient review by directing the reviewing court to the

most important aspects of the appeal[,] [such as] what facts are important and

2
    Kentucky Revised Statutes.
3
    Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.

                                           -3-
where they can be found in the record[.]” Hallis v. Hallis, 328 S.W.3d 694, 696

(Ky. App. 2010).

             Scott asserts the “record was properly preserved for appeal by filing”

his notice of appeal. Appellant’s Brief at 10. His brief does not state how he

preserved any of his arguments in the family court either in a written document or

orally, contravening CR 76.12(4)(c)(v), which states:

             An “ARGUMENT” conforming to the statement of
             Points and Authorities, with ample supportive references
             to the record and citations of authority pertinent to each
             issue of law and which shall contain at the beginning of
             the argument a statement with reference to the record
             showing whether the issue was properly preserved for
             review and, if so, in what manner.

The language of this rule “emphasizes the importance of the firmly established rule

that the trial court should first be given the opportunity to rule on questions before

they are available for appellate review. It is only to avert a manifest injustice that

this court will entertain an argument not presented to the trial court.” Elwell v.

Stone, 799 S.W.2d 46, 48 (Ky. App. 1990) (quoting Massie v. Persson, 729
S.W.2d 448, 452 (Ky. App. 1987), overruled on other grounds by Conner v.

George W. Whitesides Co., 834 S.W.2d 652, 654 (Ky. 1992)). We require a

statement of preservation:

             so that we, the reviewing Court, can be confident the
             issue was properly presented to the trial court and
             therefore, is appropriate for our consideration. It also has
             a bearing on whether we employ the recognized standard

                                          -4-
             of review, or in the case of an unpreserved error, whether
             palpable error review is being requested and may be
             granted.

Oakley v. Oakley, 391 S.W.3d 377, 380 (Ky. App. 2012).

             Failing to comply with the civil rules is an unnecessary risk the

appellate advocate should not chance. Compliance with CR 76.12 is mandatory.

See Hallis, 328 S.W.3d at 696.

             It is a dangerous precedent to permit appellate advocates
             to ignore procedural rules. Procedural rules “do not exist
             for the mere sake of form and style. They are lights and
             buoys to mark the channels of safe passage and assure an
             expeditious voyage to the right destination. Their
             importance simply cannot be disdained or denigrated.”
Id. (quoting Louisville and Jefferson County Metropolitan Sewer Dist. v. Bischoff,

248 S.W.3d 533, 536 (Ky. 2007)).

             “Our options when an appellate advocate fails to abide by the rules

are: (1) to ignore the deficiency and proceed with the review; (2) to strike the brief

or its offending portions, CR 76.12(8)(a); or (3) to review the issues raised in the

brief for manifest injustice only[.]” Id. (citation omitted).

             Scott requested palpable error review for any unpreserved arguments.

We have reviewed the entire record and watched the entire hearing. We note that

the record on appeal is 56 pages, and the hearing was less than one hour. Video

Record (“V.R.”) at 11:10:07-11:46:25. Based on our review, Scott contested

Annika’s version of events, so we will consider his arguments regarding the family

                                          -5-
court’s factual findings preserved. Because “the impact of having an EPO or DVO

entered improperly, hastily, or without a valid basis can have a devastating effect

on the alleged perpetrator[,]” we choose to ignore the deficiency and proceed with

our review of these arguments. Petrie v. Brackett, 590 S.W.3d 830, 835 (Ky. App.

2019) (quoting Wright v. Wright, 181 S.W.3d 49, 52 (Ky. App. 2005)). However,

Scott failed to preserve the remainder of his arguments, so we will review them for

palpable error.

              Domestic violence is governed by KRS 403.715 et seq., which

provides that domestic violence petitions must contain “[t]he facts and

circumstances which constitute the basis for the petition” alleging domestic

violence and abuse. KRS 403.725(3)(c). “Domestic violence and abuse” is

defined as:

              physical injury, serious physical injury, stalking, sexual
              abuse, strangulation, assault, or the infliction of fear of
              imminent physical injury, serious physical injury, sexual
              abuse, strangulation, or assault between family
              members[.]

KRS 403.720(1). “‘Physical injury’ means substantial physical pain or any

impairment of physical condition[.]” KRS 500.080(13). It can also mean

“[p]hysical damage to a person’s body.” Physical Injury, BLACK’S LAW

DICTIONARY (11th ed. 2019).

                                          -6-
             When entering a DVO, the family court determines a petitioner has

shown by a preponderance of the evidence an act or acts of domestic violence has

occurred and may again occur. KRS 403.750(1); Matehuala v. Torres, 547 S.W.3d
142, 144 (Ky. App. 2018); see also Bissell v. Baumgardner, 236 S.W.3d 24, 29

(Ky. App. 2007). To enter a DVO, the family court must decide a petitioner is

more likely than not to have been a victim of domestic violence. Matehuala, 547
S.W.3d at 144; Wright, 181 S.W.3d at 52.

             “A DVO ‘cannot be granted solely on the basis of the contents of the

petition.’” Clark v. Parrett, 559 S.W.3d 872, 875 (Ky. App. 2018) (citation

omitted). At the hearing, the family court read the factual allegations from

Annika’s petition into the record and heard testimony from both parties. Annika

testified that, three weeks prior to the hearing, Scott pushed her down a flight of

stairs, but she caught herself at the bottom. Annika further stated that she feels

threatened on occasions when Scott has not physically harmed her. She explained

that he would “air punch” at her face and come within an inch of hitting her. V.R.

at 11:19:15. Annika said she knew not to move during Scott’s air punches because

he hit her in the face and broke the skin a few years ago.

             Annika then testified regarding the specific events of February 2,

2020, that led to her filing the petition. She stated:

             I went out of town on business. I found out through
             Locations that he went back to the strip club, lying to me

                                          -7-
             that he was at the gym. So I came home and prepared
             myself and locked the door. I put his things out, so he
             wouldn’t say he didn’t have his things.

             ...

             So I prepared for them to be out, because I have to
             divorce now because he’s never going to stop. So he
             came to get his stuff and the suitcase was between us and
             he slammed the door in my face. I got it out – he left.
             He then started texting me he was going to “break in,”
             “I’m coming in, “I don’t care about the police.”

V.R. at 11:20:14-11:21:06. Annika testified she then called the police to make a

statement, and during the call, Scott reappeared at the home and started bashing

and kicking the door. The police arrived shortly thereafter, and Scott “raced off”

and told Annika “she would be sorry.” V.R. at 11:21:36-11:21:44.

             Annika also presented text messages as evidence of Scott’s threats to

her. In pertinent part, Scott told Annika: “That last romp with your boyfriend will

make your life hell!!!” and “This will end badly.” R. at 26 and 43. Scott also told

Annika that he was going to break into the home multiple times.

             Scott testified there was no history of abusing his wife and denied all

allegations. He stated he did not “know what she was referencing” when she

discussed him pushing her down the stairs. V.R. at 11:28:17. Scott further

testified that he believed Annika was financially motivated to file the petition.

             Based on Annika’s testimony, the family court entered the order of

protection, using the AOC-275.3 form order. The family court checked the box

                                         -8-
finding “[f]or the Petitioner against the Respondent in that it was established by a

preponderance of the evidence, that an act(s) of domestic violence and abuse . . .

has occurred and may occurred again.” R. at 41. Additionally, the family court

made the following written findings of fact: “Respondent has made threats such as

‘this will end badly,’ and ‘[t]hat last romp with your boyfriend will make your life

hell.’ Respondent has been physically violent with the petitioner in the past (i.e.,

pushing Petitioner down the steps.)” R. at 43.

             The family court followed the statutory requirements for issuing a

DVO. The court made specific findings that Annika was a victim of domestic

violence, domestic violence had occurred in the past, and it was likely to occur in

the future. The family court entered additional written findings stating a basis for

entering the DVO against Scott. As such, we conclude Annika’s testimony and

text messages presented formed a sufficient factual basis under KRS 403.740(1)

for the family court to issue the DVO.

             Next, we address Scott’s argument that the family court erred finding

Annika’s testimony more credible than Scott’s. It is well-established that “due

regard shall be given to the opportunity of the trial court to judge the credibility of

the witnesses because judging the credibility of witnesses and weighing evidence

are tasks within the exclusive province of the trial court.” Moore v. Asente, 110
S.W.3d 336, 354 (Ky. 2003) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). As

                                          -9-
long as the family court’s findings “are supported by substantial evidence,” we will

not disturb them. Id. Substantial evidence is “[e]vidence that a reasonable mind

would accept as adequate to support a conclusion and evidence that, when taken

alone or in the light of all the evidence, . . . has sufficient probative value to induce

conviction in the minds of reasonable men.” Id. (internal quotation marks and

citations omitted).

             Here, the family court accepted Annika’s testimony regarding the

alleged instances of domestic violence over Scott’s general denial of the

allegations. It was in the family court’s discretion to believe Annika’s testimony

and text messages to the exclusion of Scott’s testimony. Annika’s testimony

constituted substantial evidence to support the family court’s factual findings. As

such, the family court’s factual findings were not clearly erroneous, and the court

did not abuse its discretion in issuing the DVO against Scott.

             Third, Scott argues the family court violated KRE 106 in allowing

Annika to introduce the text messages. He asserts Annika presented printed copies

of incomplete text messages. It appears from the exhibits presented at the hearing

that two of Annika’s and two of Scott’s longer messages were cut off in the

middle, and there is an option to “view all.” R. at 26, 34, 38, and 39. He argues

the messages were likely taken out of context because the family court did not

have copies of the full exchange. Scott attempted to show the family court

                                          -10-
messages on his phone. The family court asked if he brought printed copies of the

messages. Scott replied he did not and dropped the issue. He did not object to the

text messages presented by Annika during the hearing. Scott concedes he did not

preserve this issue and requests palpable error review.

             KRE 106 provides: “When a writing or recorded statement or part

thereof is introduced by a party, an adverse party may require the introduction at

that time of any other part or any other writing or recorded statement which ought

in fairness to be considered contemporaneously with it.” (Emphasis added).

Annika argues the rule was not violated because Scott had the option to require

Annika to introduce the complete messages or full exchange at the time the

messages were introduced, and he failed to do so. We agree.

             Furthermore, the family court did not palpably err in admitting the

text messages. We may only reverse for palpable error when “there is a

‘substantial possibility’ that the result in the case would have been different

without the error.” Brewer v. Commonwealth, 206 S.W.3d 343, 349 (Ky. 2006)

(quoting Schoenbachler v. Commonwealth, 95 S.W.3d 830, 836 (Ky. 2003)).

Here, the introduction of the text messages did not alter the outcome of the case.

Annika testified regarding the threatening text messages from Scott and the

incident when he pushed her down the stairs. Because the family court would not

                                         -11-
have merely relied on the petition in the absence of the text messages, there was no

palpable error.

             Finally, Scott argues Annika manipulated the family court in

requesting a DVO. Scott asserts Annika used this proceeding to “one-up” him.

Appellant’s Brief at 25. Scott’s argument cites to Annika’s financial concerns

stemming from his behavior, but he omits her concerns for her safety. We find

Scott’s argument without merit. Although Scott “is obviously dissatisfied with the

trial court’s decision, threadbare recitals of the elements of a legal theory,

supported by mere conclusory statements, form an insufficient basis upon which

this Court can grant relief.” Jones v. Livesay, 551 S.W.3d 47, 52 (Ky. App. 2018).

Apart from reciting applicable law cautioning against hastily entering a DVO or

issuing one without legal merit, Scott advances nothing of substance in support of

his contention. We will not scour the record to construct Scott’s argument for him,

and we are confident nothing in the record supports this argument. Based on our

thorough review of the trial record, Annika presented a legitimate basis for the

family court to issue a DVO against Scott.

             For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the domestic violence order

entered by the Anderson Family Court.

             ALL CONCUR.

                                          -12-
BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:     BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

Raven N. Turner          Ryan Robey
Frankfort, Kentucky      Lexington, Kentucky

                       -13-