Court Opinion

ID: 4531740
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-05-05 15:20:19.147212+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:29:25.764236
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                MAY 5, 2020
                                                       In the Office of the Clerk of Court
                                                      WA State Court of Appeals, Division III

         IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                            DIVISION THREE

STATE OF WASHINGTON,                        )          No. 36610-3-III
                                            )
                    Respondent,             )
                                            )
             v.                             )          UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                            )
ROGER W. FLOOK,                             )
                                            )
                    Appellant.              )

      LAWRENCE-BERREY, J. — Roger Flook appeals after a jury found him guilty of

first degree child molestation. He raises several arguments. We remand to modify two

community custody conditions, but otherwise affirm.

                                        FACTS

      Roger Flook and Martha Montenegro were husband and wife, married in 2010.

Ms. Montenegro had two children from a previous marriage, A.S. and J.S., her daughter

and son respectively. A.S. was 11 years old in June 2014. J.S. was one year younger.
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

      On June 6, 2014, Flook and Ms. Montenegro took A.S. and J.S. to Clarkston,

Washington, for a church marriage retreat. The four stayed in a hotel room with one large

bed. The four slept side by side, with Ms. Montenegro and Flook sleeping on the

outsides, and J.S. next to Ms. Montenegro and A.S. next to Flook.

      In the middle of the night, A.S. awakened when Flook put his hand on her upper

thigh. Flook removed his hand and replaced it on A.S.’s hip area. Flook continued to

remove his hand and replace it on A.S.’s body, moving it under her pants and eventually

under her underwear, touching her vaginal area. A.S. turned away from Flook and put her

arm between her legs at which point Flook grabbed her arm and whispered “come on.”

Report of Proceedings (RP) at 478.

      A.S. eventually described the incident to a friend, C.S. Eventually, the incident

was reported to Child Protective Services (CPS).

      On August 24, 2015, the Whitman County Sheriff’s Office received a report from

CPS that detailed A.S. being sexually assaulted by Flook. Sheriff Brett Myers was

assigned to investigate and arranged to jointly interview A.S. with CPS. During the

interview, A.S. described to Sheriff Myers how Flook had touched her.

      Sheriff Myers then interviewed Ms. Montenegro. She confirmed some details of

A.S.’s story, including the sleeping arrangements in one bed and who slept next to whom.

                                            2
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

Ms. Montenegro left the interview and returned with Flook the same day. During the

interview, Flook seemed to struggle to remember the incident, as well as a number of

other incidents described by A.S. of Flook touching her inappropriately. Sheriff Myers

later testified that Flook’s demeanor was that of someone who did not want to be there

and was uncomfortable being interviewed.

       The State charged Flook with one count of first degree rape of a child and one

count of first degree child molestation. Following his arrest, Ms. Montenegro sold

Flook’s truck to Richard Chittenden, an acquaintance. Two to three months later, Mr.

Chittenden discovered a universal serial bus (USB) thumb drive that had been hidden

under the truck’s dashboard.

       Mr. Chittenden discovered a cache of pornographic videos stored on the device.

Most of the videos were adult pornography, but two of the files were encoded differently.

Mr. Chittenden opened the videos and found they were voyeuristic, homemade videos of

a young girl bathing. Mr. Chittenden contacted Ms. Montenegro and played the videos

for her and, at her request, sent the thumb drive to Sheriff Myers.

       After receiving and reviewing the videos, Sheriff Myers obtained and executed a

search warrant for the house where the videos were taken. By this time, Ms. Montenegro

and the children had moved out of the house and the house was unoccupied. Sheriff

                                             3
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

Myers went into the bathroom and confirmed the bathroom tile matched that shown in the

video. He also noticed a hole in the bathroom ceiling that matched the angle of where the

video was shot. Ms. Montenegro later testified only Flook had access to the attic above

the ceiling, and he went up there a handful of times while they lived together. She further

testified J.S. did not have the ability to climb into the attic.

       Procedure and trial

       Before trial, Flook filed a motion to exclude evidence of his prior convictions.

The State responded it would not introduce Flook’s prior identity theft and possession of

stolen property convictions in its case-in-chief, but reserved the right to do so pursuant to

ER 609 if Flook testified. The trial court granted Flook’s motion.

       A.S.’s testimony at issue on appeal

       During A.S.’s direct examination, the State asked her to describe times Flook had

touched her in a way that made her feel uncomfortable. Defense counsel objected to the

narrative form of the question, and the trial court sustained the objection. The State then

asked A.S. a series of leading questions, asking about each incident individually. Defense

counsel objected to the leading questions, but the trial court overruled the objection.

       During A.S.’s cross-examination, defense counsel began to ask A.S. about details

in the CPS report. The trial court interrupted, stating it would not allow A.S. to read the

                                                4
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

report without entering the report into evidence. The State responded that it would not

object as long as the entire report was entered. Defense counsel did not request to admit

the report. The same issue arose again through a different witness. Again, the State was

willing to have the entire report admitted, but defense counsel did not request to admit the

report.

          Ms. Montenegro’s testimony at issue on appeal

                1.     J.S. and A.S.

          Defense counsel cross-examined Ms. Montenegro. In one line of questioning,

defense counsel asked whether Ms. Montenegro once caught J.S. and A.S. playing sex

games together. She responded, “Absolutely not true.” RP at 585.

                2.     Alex and A.S.

          In another line of questioning, defense counsel asked whether Ms. Montenegro

once saw A.S. and a boy named Alex “doing inappropriate sexual things to one another at

the park.” RP at 587. She responded, “Never.” RP at 587.

                3.     Discussion with Mr. Flook’s aunt

          In still another line of questioning, defense counsel implied that Ms. Montenegro

had told Mr. Flook’s aunt she did not believe A.S.’s allegations. On redirect, the State

asked Ms. Montenegro what she told Mr. Flook’s aunt about A.S.’s allegations. She

                                               5
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

replied, “I told her . . . about what happened that night that I believed A.S.” RP at 604.

Defense counsel did not object to the question or Ms. Montenegro’s answer.

       C.S.’s testimony at issue on appeal

       Defense counsel later cross-examined C.S., A.S.’s friend. Defense counsel asked

whether A.S. ever talked to her about “sexual contact she was having with her boyfriend,

Alex.” RP at 630. The State objected. The trial court excused the jury, heard argument,

and ruled the testimony was inadmissible under the rape shield statute.

       Mr. Flook’s testimony at issue on appeal

              1.     Prior conviction involving dishonesty

       Flook elected to testify. On direct, Flook testified about a time when Ms.

Montenegro and he went to Australia for a vacation.

       During cross-examination, the State asked, “You were being investigated for

identity theft at that time, correct?” RP at 801. Defense counsel objected and made an

oral motion for mistrial, arguing the court had ruled Flook’s prior convictions were

inadmissible. The State responded that the question about Flook’s identity theft

conviction was appropriate under ER 609 because, by testifying, Flook put his credibility

at issue. The trial court overruled defense counsel’s objection and denied the motion for

mistrial.

                                              6
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

             2.     Prior inconsistent statement of Ms. Montenegro

      On direct, defense counsel asked Flook about an incident involving A.S. and J.S.

The State objected. The State noted Ms. Montenegro had denied that her two children

were playing sex games.

      Defense counsel responded:

      [T]he State is trying to portray A.S. as an innocent waif, we have—the jury
      should have an opportunity to hear all of the evidence.

RP at 761.

      Defense counsel made an offer of proof. Counsel offered that Flook would testify

that he heard Ms. Montenegro and A.S. screaming and yelling in the bathroom. Ms.

Montenegro then came out upset and said she caught A.S. and J.S. experimenting

sexually and she physically disciplined A.S.

      The State reiterated its objection based on the rape shield statute and added

additional objections—hearsay and ER 404. Defense counsel did not respond to these

additional objections. The court disallowed the testimony.

      Jury verdict, conviction, and punishment

      The jury found Flook guilty of first degree child molestation and not guilty of first

degree child rape. The trial court entered a judgment of conviction and sentenced Flook

                                               7
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

to 186 months to life incarceration and also imposed a series of community custody

conditions, including

      17. [He] [s]hall report to his supervising officer prior to entering into any
      romantic relationship with any person who has minor aged children.

      18. He shall report his criminal history to any person, with minor aged
      children, with whom he is going to have a romantic relationship.

Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 177.

      Flook timely appealed his conviction.

                                       ANALYSIS

      A.     EXCLUSION OF EVIDENCE PURPORTEDLY CRITICAL TO DEFENSE

      Flook contends the trial court violated his federal and state constitutional rights by

excluding evidence vital to his defense theory. There are two exclusions Flook discusses.

The first exclusion involves his testimony of what Ms. Montenegro told him about J.S.

and A.S. The second exclusion involves C.S.’s possible testimony that Alex and A.S. had

engaged in sexual contact.

      Both the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and article I, section

22 of the Washington Constitution guarantee an accused the right to present a defense.

State v. Hudlow, 99 Wash. 2d 1, 14, 659 P.2d 514 (1983). We review claims that a trial

                                             8
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

court violated such rights de novo. State v. Jones, 168 Wash. 2d 713, 719, 230 P.3d 576

(2010); State v. Duarte Vela, 200 Wash. App. 306, 317, 402 P.3d 281 (2017).

       In Jones, our Supreme Court wrote:

               “The right of an accused in a criminal trial to due process is, in
       essence, the right to a fair opportunity to defend against the State’s
       accusations.” Chambers v. Mississippi, 410 U.S. 284, 294, 93 S. Ct. 1038,
       35 L. Ed. 2d 297 (1973). A defendant’s right to an opportunity to be heard
       in his defense, including the rights to examine witnesses against him and to
       offer testimony, is basic in our system of jurisprudence. Id. . . .
               These rights are not absolute, of course. Evidence that a defendant
       seeks to introduce “must be of at least minimal relevance.” [State v.
       Darden, 145 Wash. 2d 612, 622, 41 P.3d 1189 (2002)]. Defendants have a
       right to present only relevant evidence, with no constitutional right to
       present irrelevant evidence. State v. Gregory, 158 Wash. 2d 759, 786 n.6, 147
P.3d 1201 (2006).

Jones, 168 Wash. 2d at 720.

       Defense counsel explained the purpose of his client’s testimony was to dispel the

notion that A.S. was an innocent waif. We infer defense counsel’s purpose was similar

when he tried to elicit testimony from C.S. that A.S. had told C.S. that she and

Alex had engaged in sexual contact. The trial court excluded both proffers based on

RCW 9A.44.020(2), the rape shield statute, which provides in relevant part:

       Evidence of the victim’s past sexual behavior including but not limited to
       the victim’s . . . general reputation for promiscuity, nonchastity, or sexual
       mores contrary to community standards is inadmissible on the issue of
       credibility . . . .

                                              9
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

       Whether 11-year-old A.S. was an innocent waif or not, the law still protects

her from sexual contact from an adult. Flook’s purpose for admitting A.S.’s

purported sexual misconduct was irrelevant. We conclude the trial court did not

err by excluding the evidence.1

       B.     PURPORTED OPINIONS ON DEFENDANT’S GUILT

       Flook contends the trial court erred in allowing Ms. Montenegro and Sheriff Myers

to give improper opinion testimony during trial. We disagree.

       The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution and article I, sections 21

and 22 of the Washington Constitution guarantee a defendant the right to a trial by jury.

“No witness, lay or expert, may testify to his opinion as to the guilt of a defendant,

whether by direct statement or inference.” State v. Black, 109 Wash. 2d 336, 348, 745 P.2d
12 (1987). Such testimony is unfairly prejudicial to the defendant because it invades the

province of the jury. State v. Kirkman, 159 Wash. 2d 918, 927, 155 P.3d 125 (2007).

       1
         On appeal, Flook argues his purpose for admitting the conduct between J.S. and
A.S. was to establish J.S. sexually desired his sister and was the person who videotaped
his sister in the bathtub. We reject this argument for two reasons. First, this was not the
argument put forth by defense counsel when the State objected to Flook’s testimony.
Second, it is absurd to suggest a 10-year-old boy videotaped his naked sister, using a
video camera—there was no evidence he owned—from an overhead attic he could not
access and then hid the recording in a truck he did not drive.

                                             10
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

       When determining whether a witness gave improper opinion testimony, this court

looks to several factors including, “‘(1) the type of witness involved, (2) the specific

nature of the testimony, (3) the nature of the charges, (4) the type of defense, and (5) the

other evidence before the trier of fact.’” State v. Montgomery, 163 Wash. 2d 577, 591, 183
P.3d 267 (2008) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting State v. Demery, 144 Wash. 2d
753, 759, 30 P.3d 1278 (2001)).

              1.     What Ms. Montenegro told Flook’s aunt

       Flook first argues Ms. Montenegro gave improper testimony when she testified

that she told Flook’s aunt she believed A.S. Flook did not object to this testimony at trial.

       Ordinarily, we will not review a claim of error not raised at the trial court.

RAP 2.5(a). One oft-noted exception permits us to review a claim of manifest error

affecting a constitutional right. RAP 2.5(a)(3). Although improper opinion evidence

affects the constitutional right to a jury trial, not all unpreserved claims of improper

opinion testimony are reviewable:

       Admission of witness opinion testimony on an ultimate fact, without
       objection, is not automatically reviewable as a “manifest” constitutional
       error. “Manifest error” requires a nearly explicit statement by the witness
       that the witness believed the accusing victim. . . .

Kirkman, 159 Wash. 2d at 936.

                                              11
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

       Here, Ms. Montenegro did not testify she believed A.S. Instead, she testified she

told Flook’s aunt she believed A.S. Even if this testimony was sufficiently explicit to be

reviewable, we do not believe there was any error.

       The State did not elicit Ms. Montenegro’s opinion on direct examination. Rather,

the State elicited it on redirect examination, only after Flook’s cross-examination left the

jury with the impression Ms. Montenegro had told Flook’s aunt she did not believe A.S.

       When a party raises a material issue, they do so under the assumption the rules will

permit cross-examination or redirect examination into the same matter. State v. Crow,

8 Wash. App. 2d 480, 505, 438 P.3d 541, review denied, 193 Wash. 2d 1038, 449 P.3d 664

(2019). This allows a party to clarify an issue that would otherwise be left in the air for

the finder of fact and keeps a party from taking advantage of half-truths. Id.

       Flook asked questions that implied Ms. Montenegro had told Flook’s aunt she did

not believe A.S. We consider this “‘other evidence before the trier of fact.’”

Montgomery, 163 Wash. 2d at 591 (quoting Demery, 144 Wash. 2d at 759). This evidence

permitted the State to ask on redirect what Ms. Montenegro actually told Flook’s aunt.

There was neither constitutional nor evidentiary error.

                                             12
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

              2.     Sheriff Myers’s statement of Flook’s demeanor

       Flook contends Sheriff Myers gave improper opinion testimony when he said

Flook appeared uncomfortable being interviewed, like he did not want to be there.

       This is not improper opinion testimony. A witness is allowed to testify about their

observations of a person, including their demeanor. In State v. Aguirre, 168 Wash. 2d 350,

356, 229 P.3d 669 (2010), a police sergeant with extensive experience interviewing

victims of sexual assault interviewed the purported victim. She testified about the general

demeanor of sexual assault victims and the demeanor of the alleged victim she

interviewed. Id. The Supreme Court concluded the trial court did not err by allowing the

police sergeant to testify about the victim’s demeanor. Id. at 360.

       We contrast testimony about a person’s demeanor with testimony that the

defendant was not credible or was untruthful. In State v. Hager, 171 Wash. 2d 151, 154,

248 P.3d 512 (2011), defense counsel brought a motion in limine to prohibit detectives

from testifying Hager’s answers were evasive. Counsel argued the detectives could

testify Hager avoided eye contact and appeared to be on methamphetamine. Id. at 155.

Counsel argued, “‘You can state the demeanor. You can’t say because of that I think he

was deceptive or evasive.’” Id. The trial court agreed. During trial, one detective

testified about the defendant’s demeanor—he was jittery, avoided eye contact, and

                                            13
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

appeared to be under the influence of methamphetamine. A second detective, however,

testified the defendant’s demeanor was “‘evasive.’” Id. The defendant moved for a

mistrial, but the trial court denied it. The Supreme Court concluded the second

detective’s description of the defendant as “‘evasive’” was improper opinion evidence.
Id. at 158-59. One does not observe “evasiveness.” Describing someone as “evasive”

strongly implies the person was untruthful. Here, Sheriff Myers properly testified about

Flook’s demeanor, not whether he believed Flook or whether his answers were evasive.

       C.       PURPORTED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL

       Flook contends his counsel was deficient because (1) he did not ask Flook about

his convictions for identity theft on direct, (2) he did not move to admit the CPS reports

and failed to substantiate its contents, and (3) he allowed the State to ask leading

questions during a portion of A.S.’s direct examination. We disagree.

       Washington courts have adopted a two-part test to determine whether defense

counsel gives ineffective assistance. State v. Hicks, 163 Wash. 2d 477, 486, 181 P.3d 831

(2008). This Strickland 2 test requires a defendant show (1) his counsel was deficient,

represented by the counsel’s performance falling below the objective standard of

reasonable professional norms, and (2) the deficiency was prejudicial. Id. To show

       2
           Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984).

                                                14
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

prejudice, the defendant must show that, had counsel’s performance not been deficient,

there is a reasonable likelihood the outcome would have been different. Id.

       Flook first contends his counsel was deficient for not asking him on direct

examination about his prior convictions, which allowed the State to bring up the

convictions on cross-examination. Even if defense counsel should have questioned Flook

about his prior convictions, we do not see how this resulted in sufficient prejudice to

change the outcome of the trial. The video evidence was damning. Flook had no credible

explanation as to who else had access to the attic to shoot the video of A.S. bathing and

who else would hide the evidence in his truck. The minimal prejudice resulting from his

prior convictions not being drawn out on direct did not change the outcome of the trial.

       Flook next contends his counsel was deficient because he did not move to admit

the CPS report as evidence. Flook argues the CPS report would have greatly helped his

defense. The State argues the CPS report would have been damning for Flook. Because

the CPS report never was offered as an exhibit, we cannot tell whether Flook or the State

is correct. For this reason, we do not review arguments which lack evidentiary support in

the record. State v. McFarland, 127 Wash. 2d 322, 335, 899 P.2d 1251 (1995).

       Flook finally contends his counsel was deficient for objecting to the State asking

A.S. a question that called for a narrative response. The trial court agreed with defense

                                             15
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

counsel and sustained the objection. The State then asked leading questions. Defense

counsel again objected. The trial court overruled the objection.

       The leading questions disclosed prior incidents of Flook: (1) showing A.S. some

pornographic cartoons (cartoon characters having sex), (2) once asking A.S. to sit on his

lap, (3) telling A.S. that her mother had sex toys, and (4) telling A.S. that he had his own

porn site.

       The third and fourth items certainly were prejudicial. But defense counsel’s initial

objection was legally correct and did not necessarily result in prejudice. Without the

objection, A.S. may well have recalled the two more serious items. Also, without the

objection, the trial court had authority to permit the State to ask leading questions to help

jog a young witness’s memory. State v. Canida, 4 Wash. App. 275, 279, 480 P.2d 800

(1971).

       D.     TWO UNCONSTITUTIONALLY VAGUE COMMUNITY CUSTODY CONDITIONS

       Flook contends two of community custody conditions are unconstitutionally vague.

The State rightly concedes this issue.

       When a trial court suspends the sentence of a sex offender and releases the

offender into community custody, it must also impose certain conditions and may, at its

discretion, impose additional conditions related to the crime. RCW 9.94B.070;

                                             16
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

RCW 9.94B.050; RCW 9.94A.703. Overbroad and vague community custody conditions

may be challenged for the first time on appeal. State v. Bahl, 164 Wash. 2d 739, 744, 193
P.3d 678 (2008).

       This court reviewed another case where the term “romantic relationship” was used

in a community custody standard. State v. Casimiro, 8 Wash. App. 2d 245, 251, 438 P.3d
137, review denied, 193 Wash. 2d 1029, 445 P.3d 561 (2019). This court held the term

“romantic” was unconstitutionally vague and recommended, on remand, the trial court

substitute the phrase “dating relationship.” Id. We see no reason to diverge from

Casimiro here and direct the trial court on remand to substitute the phrase “dating

relationship” in the two community custody standards.

         STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL GROUNDS FOR REVIEW (SAG)

       In accordance with RAP 10.10, Flook raises four additional grounds for review.

       SAG I: PURPORTED TRIAL COURT ERROR IN NOT EXCLUDING THUMB DRIVE

       Flook contends the trial court erred by denying his CrR 3.6 motion to exclude the

thumb drive. He argues the thumb drive was searched without a warrant and there is a

chain of custody issue. However, the court denied the motion on both procedural and

substantive grounds, and Flook does not address the procedural ground.

                                            17
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

       Flook filed his CrR 3.6 motion to suppress on Thursday, December 6, 2018. Trial

commenced on Monday, December 10, 2018. The trial court denied the motion, in part,

because it was not timely filed. In deciding it was not timely filed, the court found “[t]he

motion is based upon factual assertions known to the defense for more than a year and the

Defendant failed to move for suppression until mere days before trial.” CP at 162. The

court additionally found the late filing forced the State to forego trial preparations,

delayed trial, and inconvenienced the jury.

       Evidentiary rulings related to trial procedure are reviewed for an abuse of

discretion. State v. McLaughlin, 74 Wash. 2d 301, 303, 444 P.2d 699 (1968). A motion to

suppress must be timely. State v. Burnley, 80 Wash. App. 571, 572, 910 P.2d 1294 (1996).

A defendant seeking to suppress evidence must move for suppression within a reasonable

time before the case is called for trial. State v. Robbins, 37 Wash. 2d 431, 432, 224 P.2d 345

(1950). In State v. Baxter, 68 Wash. 2d 416, 423, 413 P.2d 638 (1966), the court held

exclusion of improperly obtained evidence is a privilege that can be waived if a defendant

fails to seasonably object. The trial court did not abuse its discretion by finding Flook’s

motion to suppress was untimely.

                                              18
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

       Additionally, there was no requirement for the State to establish a “chain of title”

to admit the thumb drive. ER 901(a) provides: “The requirement of authentication or

identification as a condition precedent to admissibility is satisfied by evidence sufficient

to support a finding that the matter in question is what its proponent claims.” Here, the

State claimed the thumb drive belonged to Flook. There was sufficient evidence to

support the State’s claim. First, the video was made by a person with access to both the

attic in the house where Flook formerly lived and the truck that Flook formerly drove.

This likely limits the owner of the thumb drive to four people: Flook, Ms. Montenegro, or

the two children. Ms. Montenegro testified she did not take the video of her own

daughter bathing. There would be no reason for A.S. to film herself bathing. And young

J.S. was unable to access the attic. We conclude the State sufficiently authenticated the

thumb drive as belonging to Flook.

       SAG II: ADDITIONAL IMPROPER OPINION TESTIMONY

       Flook contends another witness, Nicole Konen, a child counselor called as an

expert witness for the State, gave improper opinion testimony. We disagree.

       Flook argues Ms. Konen’s testimony in this case was a clear and explicit statement

of her opinion that A.S. was telling the truth about her assault and, thus, Flook was lying.

Flook tries to distinguish this case from Kirkman where a counselor’s testimony that an

                                             19
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

assault had happened was held to not be opinion testimony. 159 Wash. 2d at 930-31.

Nevertheless, the statement made by Ms. Konen during her testimony is not dissimilar

from the testimony in Kirkman.

       First, Flook in his SAG brief misquotes Ms. Konen, writing, “Counselor Konen

made an explicit or at least an almost explicit statement on whether A.S. was telling the

truth by opining ‘what she shared with me led me to believe the sexual abuse had

occurred, based on her training and experience, she was telling the truth.’” SAG at 9.

However, this is not what Ms. Konen said during trial, instead stating, “What she shared

with me led me to believe that the excessive preoccupation with sex, the sexting, the

behaviors that were identified at the beginning of our therapeutic relationship were

related and an impact from the sexual abuse that had occurred in the previous months.”

RP at 249.

       Beyond this statement, Ms. Konen also made statements that, during her interview

with A.S., she came to believe A.S. had been sexually abused, which meant Ms. Konen

had to report there had been a sexual abuse. Finally, Ms. Konen stated the sexual abuse

had caused A.S. to have trouble in school and in her life.

                                            20
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

       None of these statements were an expression of A.S.’s credibility or Flook’s guilt.

They are much like the statements made by the physician in Kirkman, who said the

victim’s story of sexual touching was consistent with someone who had been abused.
159 Wash. 2d at 929. In both cases, the witness was testifying to signs that some abuse had

occurred, not to the specific credibility of the victim’s accusations.

       Because Ms. Konen’s statements were general about abuse having had occurred

and did not touch on whether A.S.’s account of the abuse was what had happened, we

conclude Ms. Konen’s statements were not improper opinion testimony.

       SAG III: VIOLATION OF MOTION IN LIMINE

       Flook argues the trial court erred in not granting his motion for mistrial because

the State violated a motion in limine when it brought up Flook’s previous identity theft

convictions. We disagree.

       The motion to exclude evidence of the prior convictions read,

              The defense moves to exclude all evidence of Mr. Flook’s conduct in
       relation to his prior convictions. This conduct is not relevant to prove that
       he is guilty of the crimes charged in this case. Further, evidence of any
       prior conduct, in relation to his convictions, is highly prejudicial and should
       be excluded from trial. If Mr. Flook choses to testify, evidence of his 2002
       ROC [rape of a child] conviction should not be admissible pursuant to
       ER 609.

                                              21
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

CP at 55-56 (emphasis added). The original motion requests barring the State

from admitting evidence of Flook’s conduct in its case-in-chief and to bar the State

from using the 2002 conviction as impeachment evidence if Flook testified.

       In its reply brief, the State wrote, “[w]ith regard to the Defendant’s

convictions for Identity Theft and Possession of Stolen Property in 2012, the State

would not seek to introduce these in its case-in-chief, but should properly be

allowed to do so, in the event that the Defendant testifies pursuant to ER 609.”

CP at 73. The trial court granted the motion without commenting on the specifics.

       The question the State asked Flook during cross-examination did not relate

to Flook’s 2002 rape of child conviction, but related instead to his 2012 identity

theft conviction. This is not a violation of the motion in limine.

       SAG IV: WITNESS NOT SWORN IN

       Flook contends C.S. was not properly sworn in under ER 603 and this error

requires reversal. However, this error was not properly preserved in the trial court below

and is not an error of constitutional magnitude allowing for review. See State v. Avila, 78
Wash. App. 731, 738, 899 P.2d 11 (1995); RAP 2.5(a)(3).

                                             22
No. 36610-3-III
State v. Flook

       Affirmed in part; remanded.

       A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to

RCW 2.06.040.

WE CONCUR:

                _.R   ~ .....
                  ~ \ '--• .J.
Pennell, C.J.                             Fearing,   1:

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