Court Opinion

ID: 9959956
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-12 21:09:45.227521+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:19:01.843787
License: Public Domain

Rivera v Fortune Socy., Inc.
               2024 NY Slip Op 31205(U)
                      April 9, 2024
           Supreme Court, New York County
        Docket Number: Index No. 150022/2023
                  Judge: Lynn R. Kotler
Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip
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                       publication.
                                                                                                  INDEX NO. 150022/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 37                                                                      RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2024

                              SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
                                        NEW YORK COUNTY
          PRESENT: HON.LYNN R. KOTLER, J.S.C.                                          PART~

          Samuel Rivera                                                                INDEX NO. 150022/2023

                                                                                       MOT. DATE
                      - V -
                                                                                       MOT. SEQ. NO. 003
          The Fortune Society, Inc., et. al.

          The following papers were read on this motion to/for ~di=sm=i=ss~---
          Notice of Motion/Petition/O.S.C.    Affidavits - Exhibits           NYSCEF DOC No(s). 22-27
          Notice ofCross-Motion/AnsweringAffidavits-Exhibits                  NYSCEF DOC No(s).~2~9_ _
          Replying Affidavits                                                 NYSCEF DOC No(s). 30-31, 34-35

               Plaintiff Samuel Rivera ("Rivera"), a 60-year-old Hispanic Native American man, has brought this
          action for race, national origin, and age-based discrimination and retaliation against his former
          employer, The Fortune Society Inc. ("Fortune") and his former supervisor, Leonard Chavis ("Chavis").
          Fortune and Chavis now move pre-answer to dismiss the action in its entirety pursuant to CPLR §
          3211 (a)(7). Plaintiff opposes the motion. For the reasons that follow, the motion is granted in part and
          denied in part.

               The following facts are asserted in the complaint. Rivera has been employed by Fortune from
          1992-1994, 1997-2002, 2005-2007, and most recently from September 2017-May 22, 2020. In his most
          recent position for Fortune, Rivera was employed as the Associate Vice President of Housing. During
          his tenure in this position, Rivera reported to Chavis. Rivera alleges that he was harassed and
          discriminated against by Chavis and that Fortune condoned this behavior.

               In September 2017, Chavis held the position of Fortune's Chief Financial Officer. Fortune then
          reassigned Chavis to the position of Chief of Human Resources where he was responsible for
          administering Fortune's employment and EEO policies including anti-discrimination, harassment and no
          retaliation policies.

                In late 2019, Rivera approached Chavis in his role as Chief of Human Resources and inquired as
          to why Fortune was open on Columbus Day when it is "an organization dedicated to uplifting minority
          communities and should not be celebrating colonization." Rivera also told Chavis that, as a Native
          American man, it was important to him that Fortune and Chavis refer to the day as Indigenous Peoples'
          Day. Chavis allegedly laughed mockingly at Rivera's request. Rivera responded to this laughter by

          Dated:
                         W\.       V           _
                                                                                          7f~
          telling Chavis "it's not funny." For the rest of the day, any time that Rivera ent a room, Chavis would

                                                                                          {XLr
                                                                             HON. LYNN R. KOTLER, J.S.C.

           1. Check one:                           0 CASE DISPOSED ~NON-FINAL DISPOSITION
           2. Check as appropriate: Motion is      □GRANTED O DENIED O GRANTED IN PART ~THER
           3. Check if appropriate:                □ SETTLE ORDER O SUBMIT ORDER O DO NOT POST

                                                   □ FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT O REFERENCE

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                                                                                              INDEX NO. 150022/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 37                                                                   RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2024

          make pointed comments such as "Sam's here, no one say Columbus in front of him'.' and "you know
          Sam, with all his Native American stuff." Chavis made such comments on at least three occasions.
          Each time, Rivera repeated that the comments weren't funny and told Chavis that "as a Native
          American identifying person, this is very offensive."

                   Following this incident, Rivera began to hear from his coworkers that Chavis disliked him and
          was trying to get him fired. In December 2019 Rivera was talking to the Associate Vice President of
          Contracts and Risk Management, Benjamin Metsch ("Metsch"). Rivera told Metsch that Chavis disliked
          him to which Metsch responded, "yeah, he wants you out, man!" In or around early 2020, Rivera was
          having a telephone conversation with the former Employee Relations and Compliance Counsel,
          Stephanie Siaw. Siaw told Rivera 'Tm really sorry to tell you this, but I have to because you've been
          great to me ... and you need to know this: Leonard [Chavis] is determined to get you out of Fortune, and
          I don't agree or understand why but he's committed to getting you out." She also told Rivera "Sam
          thinks that he can do whatever he wants in [this] place. He tries to run things in Harlem his way and I
          don't like it."

                  In early 2020, Rivera had a 2019 performance evaluation with Fortune's Executive Vice
          President, Stanley Richards. At this evaluation, Rivera addressed two issues: 1) Rivera was being paid
          less than similarly situated non-Native and/or non-Hispanic coworkers. This included Richard Day, an
          African American man who worked as the Associate Vice President of Education and who had the
          same rank as Rivera but made significantly more than him. Richards promised to look into this, but
          Fortune did not conduct a pay equity analysis, give Rivera a pay raise, or otherwise take any remedial
          action; and 2) Rivera discussed Chavis' behavior and advised Richards that he had been told by
          multiple people that Chavis was trying to get Rivera terminated. Richards had another meeting with
          Rivera an hour later which included CEO JoAnne Page. In the second meeting, Page assured Rivera
          that he was "invaluable" to Fortune and that they would have a discussion with Chavis about his
          behavior.

                  A week later, another meeting was held between Rivera, Richards, Page and Chavis. In this
          meeting Chavis allegedly admitted to his behavior stating, "I owe you an apology for saying some really
          nasty things." He also admitted that he told multiple Fortune employees that he wanted Rivera "out" and
          that he was "gunning" for him. At the end of the meeting, Page did not discipline Chavis, but rather
          simply reminded Chavis and Rivera that they were both important to Fortune and that they needed to
          work together. No investigation, training, counseling plan, or remedial action was implemented to deal
          with Chavis' behavior. Following these meetings, Rivera received the lowest score he had ever
          received on a performance evaluation which deprived him of a salary increase.

              Additionally, these conversations did not lead to a change in Chavis' behavior. Rather, Chavis
          continued to exhibit hostile behavior towards Rivera. In or around April 2020, on a Senior Executive
          Zoom call with multiple executives present, Chavis disparaged Rivera's work in Harlem and stated that
          the Harlem office was not capturing meals on the Food and Nutrition data report. Chavis never
          contacted Rivera separately or in advance of the meeting about these concerns. The Senior Director of
          Evaluation and Quality Improvement, Alison Wright, was present on the call and stated that, while the
          data reports were not fully current, the Food and Nutrition data for the Harlem office was up to date
          through April 1, 2020, which was compliant with Fortune's practices. Rivera therefore states that he was
          disparaged without good reason. Furthermore, at the time that Chavis disparaged Rivera's work,
          Chavis was aware that Fortune was experiencing IT issues which affected the teams' ability to collect
          and record data. Harlem was not the only department having data reporting issues due to the increased
          demand and practical problems, but Rivera was the only Vice President that Chavis targeted.

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                                                                                                  INDEX NO. 150022/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 37                                                                      RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2024

                Chavis allegedly continued to admonish and harass only Rivera about the Harlem Meals data. On
           April 6, 2020, Chavis send a group email complaining that no data had been received from the Harlem
           office concerning meals. Rivera confirmed that meals data was entered up to April 1, 2020 and advised
           Chavis that the organization would be fully up to date by close of business on April 8, 2020. Chavis did
           not respond, but Rivera then received an email from the Associate Vice President of Congregate
           Housing, Angela Scott stating that Chavis had reached out to her via email and requested that she
           address the Harlem meals data issue, undermining Rivera who was responsible for that process.
           Chavis continued to involve other members of the team in the Harlem meals report issue and avoided
           speaking to Rivera directly.

                Additionally, Chavis found other ways of undermining Rivera. Rivera heard from three coworkers
           that Chavis was working behind the scenes to make him look bad and to get him terminated. The
           Senior Director of Facilities, nm Sheldon, told Rivera that Chavis would block Rivera's orders, but no
           one else's, preventing Rivera from working efficiently and undermining his authority. Metsch told Rivera
           that Chavis would regularly question Metsch about Rivera's involvement in housing cases, causing
           delays in the resolution of those cases. The Associate Vice President of Human Resources, Ms. Robin,
           told Rivera that Chavis "wants you out of Fortune, and he's gunning for you" and advised Rivera to
           "watch your back."

                On April 6, 2020, Rivera sent a formal complaint memorandum to COO Miceli to address Chavis'
           actions. In the memo Rivera complained that three separate coworkers had advised him that Chavis
           was trying to get him terminated. He stated that he did not feel safe at work, that Chavis had admitted
           to his inappropriate behavior in the past, and that, despite numerous attempts to address the behavior,
           Chavis had not been disciplined.

                The complaint was not addressed and Chavis was assigned to supervise Rivera's teams' return to
           office post-COVID. Facing continued harassment, Rivera resigned from his position on May 22, 2020.
           He claims that he was constructively discharged. Upon Rivera's resignation, Scott, plaintiff's younger
           female African Amer:ican coworker, was promoted to Rivera's former position. Rivera claims that Chavis
           favored Scott and had been "grooming her" to replace him and run the Harlem office.

                In his amended complaint, plaintiff alleges nine causes of action: race and national origin
           discrimination in violation of the New York State Human Rights Law, Exec Law § 296 et seq.
           ("NYSHRL") (1 st COA) and the New York City Human Rights Law, Admin Code§ 8-101 et seq.
           {"NYCHRL") (2 nd COA); hostile work environment (3 rd COA); age-based discrimination in violation of the
           NYCHRL (4 th COA) and NYSHRL (5th COA); retaliation under the NYSHRL (6th COA), NYCHRL (7 th
           COA, Labor Law§ 215 (8 th COA) and violation of the Not-For-Profit Corporation Law§ 715-b (9 th COA).

           Parties' arguments

                Fortune and Chavis argue that plaintiff's allegations pre-dating December 30, 2019 are time-barred
           under the NYSHRL and NYCHRL and therefore these claims should be dismissed. Movants further
           argue that, even if the allegations are not time barred, the causes of action alleging race, national origin
           and age discrimination also fail as a matter of law. They assert that none of Rivera's allegations give
           rise to an inference of discrimination and that none of the alleged comments of other employees
           indicated that Chavis referenced Rivera's race, national origin, or age. They also argue that Chavis'
           alleged behavior never rose to a level the level of creating a hostile work environment, and that the
           behavior was merely at the level of "petty slights and trivial inconveniences." Movants also claim that
           the disparate treatment claims fail because Rivera fails to introduce any similarly situated employees to
           compare his treatment to.

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                                                                                                    INDEX NO. 150022/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 37                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2024

                Regarding the causes of action for retaliation pursuant to the NYSHRL and NYCHRL, Fortune and
           Chavis argue that Rivera failed to allege that he suffered any legally cognizable adverse action and
           failed to establish a causal connection between engaging in a protected activity and an adverse action.
           The movants specifically contend that the general assertion that Chavis retaliated against Rivera by
           "continuing his hostile behavior" lacks specific detail and does not constitute an actionable adverse
           action, the poor performance evaluation is insufficient because plaintiff fails to allege that it differed from
           his previous evaluations, and plaintiff has failed to allege sufficient facts to substantiate a constructive
           discharge claim, to wit, that Fortune deliberately or intentionally created an environment so unpleasant
           that it forced him to resign.

                Finally, with regard to the final two causes of action for retaliation pursuant to the NYLL and NFPC,
           movants argue that neither cause of action is properly pied. Fortune and Chavis assert that the NYLL
           cause of action must fail because Rivera did not assert any allegations that suggested that he ever
           spoke to anyone about a purported violation of the NYLL. They assert that the NFPC cause of action is
           insufficient because Rivera does not assert any allegations indicating what corporate policies he
           believed were violated and or that he engaged in a whistleblower activity.

                Rivera opposes the motion, and maintains that his allegations are timely because: 1) the statute of
           limitations was tolled by the March 20, 2020 Executive Order 202.8 in response to the COVID
           pandemic; and 2) the continuing violation doctrine allows the statute of limitations to be delayed until
           the last discriminatory act in furtherance of the policy of discrimination, and thus all allegations may be
           considered.

               Rivera further argues that he has alleged sufficient facts to make out the causes of action for race
          and national origin discrimination because he was paid less than similarly situated, non-Hispanic and
          non-Native American employees and because the Columbus Day incident is sufficient to infer
          discrimination at this point in the litigation. He maintains that he has alleged sufficient facts to make out
          the causes of action for age discrimination because he alleged that Chavis sought to and did replace
          him with a younger female of Chavis' same race.

              With regard to the retaliation claims, Rivera asserts that he only needs to demonstrate that the
          Chavis and Fortune's conduct would be reasonably likely to deter a person from engaging in a
          protected activity. Rivera argues that he has demonstrated such a likelihood of deterrence. He also
          asserts that, contrary to the movants' claims, he need not explicitly reference a violation of the NYLL to
          maintain his NYLL retaliation cause of action; an informal complaint is enough to trigger the NYLL's
          protection.

           DISCUSSION

                Pursuant to CLPR § 3211(a)(7), a party may move to dismiss one or more causes of action
           asserted on the ground that the pleading fails to state a cause of action. The court must accept the
           facts as alleged in the complaint as true, accord plaintiff the benefit of every possible favorable
           inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory
           (Morone v. Morone, 50 NY2d 481 [1980]; Rove/lo v. Orofino Realty Co., 40 NY2d 633 [1976]).
           "Nevertheless, allegations consisting of bare legal conclusions, as well as factual claims either
           inherently incredible or flatly contradicted by documentary evidence are not entitled to such
           consideration" (Abramovitz v. Paragon Sporting Goods Co., 202 AD2d 206 [1994]). A motion to dismiss
           must be denied if "from the pleadings' four corners, 'factual allegations are discerned which taken
           together manifest any cause of action cognizable at law'" (511 W 232nd Owners Corp. v. Jennifer
           Realty Co., 98 NY2d 144 [2002] quoting Polonetsky v. Better Homes Depot, 97 NY2d 46 [2001]).

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  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 37                                                                          RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2024

               To state a prima facie case of discrimination under the NYSHRL and NYCHRL, plaintiff must allege
          that: [1] he is a member of a protected class; [2] he was qualified to hold the position; [3] he suffered an
          adverse employment action (NYSHRL) or an action that disadvantaged him (NYCHRL); and [4] the
          adverse action occurred under circumstances giving rise to an inference of discrimination." (Harrington
          v. City of New York, 157 AD3d 582 [1st Dept 2018]; Forrest v. Jewish Guild for the Blind, 3 NY3d 295,
          305 [20041). Meanwhile, a hostile work environment under the NYSHLR exists "[w]hen the workplace is
          permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to
          alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment" (Forest,
          supra at 310 quoting Harris v. Forklift Sys., Inc., 510 US 17 [1993]). By contrast, the standard for a
          hostile work environment under the NYCHRL is more liberal, requiring a showing that the plaintiff was
          treated less well than other employees because of a protected characteristic (Abe v. New York
          University, 169AD3d 445 [1st Dept 2019] citing Williams v. New York City Hous. Auth., 61 AD3d 62 [1st
          Dept 2009] Iv denied 13 NY3d 702).

               First, the court considers movants' argument that plaintiff's allegations pre-dating December 30,
          2019 are time-barred under the NYSHRl and NYCHRl and therefore these claims should be
          dismissed. "[IJf a plaintiff has experienced a continuous practice and policy of discrimination, the
          commencement of the statute of limitations period may be delayed until the last discriminatory act in
          furtherance of it" (Hudson v. Western New York Bies Div., 73 Fed Appx 525 [2d Cir 2003] quoting
          Fitzergald v. Henderson, 251 F3d 345 [2d Cir 2001]). The conduct plaintiff complains of is all part of the
          same practice and policy of discrimination and therefore the continuing violation doctrine applies, and
          the allegations pre-dating December 30, 2019 may be considered.

                The court finds that plaintiff has alleged sufficient facts to survive defendants' motion to dismiss.
          Plaintiff alleges that he was a member of a protected class, qualified to hold the position that he was in
          and both suffered adverse employment actions or actions that disadvantaged him. Specifically, plaintiff
          claims that he was given negative performance evaluations without basis, was underpaid in comparison
          to similarly situated non-Native American and/or non-Hispanic coworkers, was replaced by a younger
          report who was favored and groomed after plaintiff's alleged constructive discharge and that Chavis
          micromanaged his work and made public, disparaging comments about plaintiff with regards to, inter
          a/ia, his Native American race/national origin. The court rejects defendants' contention that these acts
          are insufficient to give rise to an inference of discrimination. Indeed, at this stage of the litigation,
          plaintiff need only allege sufficient facts when reading the complaint in the most favorable light, a
          burden plaintiff has easily met here.

               The court next turns to plaintiffs retaliation claims. Generally, to state a claim for retaliation, plaintiff
          must demonstrate that: [1] he engaged in a protected activity by opposing conduct prohibited
          thereunder; [2] defendants were aware of that activity; [31 he suffered an adverse action based upon his
          activity; and [4] there was a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse action
          (Forrest v. Jewish Guild for the Blind, supra).

               Further, Labor law§ 215 (1)(a)(i) states that

                       no employer ... shall discharge, threaten, penalize, or in any other manner
                       discriminate or retaliate against any employee because such employee has
                       made a complaint. .. that the employer has engaged in conduct that the
                       employee... believes violates any provision of this chapter.

                The court notes that, although defendants contend otherwise, an employee does not need to
           explicitly reference a section of the labor law to trigger the protecti~~s of the labor law (La?or law §
           215[1 ][a][stating that "an employee complain~ ... need ~ot ma_ke .~xphc1t refe~ence to any section or
           provision of this chapter to trigger the protections of this section ]). Meanwhile, Not-For-Profit law§

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                                                                                                    INDEX NO. 150022/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 37                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2024

          715-b creates an implied private right of action for employees who are retaliated against or subject to
          adverse employment consequences as a result of whistleblowing activities (Ferris v. Lustgarten Found.,
          189 AD3d 1002 [2d Dept 2020]).                         .

                Here, the court finds that plaintiff has adequately alleged claims for retaliation under the NYSHRL,
          NYCHRL, Labor Law Section 215(a)(1) and Not-For-Profit Law§ 715-b. Plaintiff claims that Fortune
          failed to create, implement and/or enforce a Whistleblower policy. He alleged that in early 2020, he
          engaged in a protected activity when he alerted Page and Richards to the comments that Chavis had
          made to other employees of Fortune. Such comments included that he disliked Rivera and was trying to
          get Rivera terminated, actions which Rivera claims violate corporate policy. Both Fortune and Chavis
          were aware that Rivera reported Chavis' behavior because Page and Richards were present at the
          original meeting and Chavis was present at the later meeting where he admitted to his inappropriate
          behavior and admitted that he wanted Rivera to be terminated. Following these meetings, Rivera
          received his lowest score on a performance evaluation which prevented him from getting a salary
          increase. Additionally, Rivera alleged that after these meetings, Chavis disparaged Rivera's work in
          front of his coworkers and superiors during the April 2020 Senior Executive Zoom call without just
          reason and that he continued to tell other employees that he wanted to get Rivera terminated. These
          qualify as adverse actions (see Mitchell v. TAM Equities, Inc., 27 AD3d 703 [2d Dept 2006] [finding that
          for the purposes of a motion to dismiss, arbitrary reprimands and berating an employee without reason
          may qualify as retaliatory adverse actions]). As plaintiff's counsel points out, Chavis' behavior could
          easily dissuade a reasonable worker from lodging further complaints. This is sufficient to make out a
          cause of action for retaliation at this early stage of litigation. Therefore, plaintiff's sixth, seventh, eighth
          and ninth causes of action premised upon a retaliation claim survive defendant's motion to dismiss.

              Accordingly, it is hereby

              ORDERED that the motion is denied; and it is further

              ORDERED that Fortune and Chavis shall answer the complaint within 30 days from entry of this
          decision/order; and it is further

              ORDERED that the parties in the above captioned matter are hereby directed to submit a
          proposed J:>reliminary Conference order on consent on or before June 7, 2024.

              Pursuant to the Uniform Civil Rules for the Supreme Court and the County Court § 202.11:

                       Counsel for all parties shall consult prior to a preliminary or compliance
                       conference about (i) resolution of the case, in whole or in part; (ii) discovery,
                       including discovery of electronically stored information, and any other issues to
                       be discussed at the conference, (iii) the use of alternate dispute resolution to
                       resolve all or some issues in the litigation; and (iv) any voluntary and informal
                       exchange of information that the parties agree would help aid early settlement of
                       the case. Counsel shall make a good faith effort to reach agreement on these
                       matters in advance of the conference.

               All sides are directed to meet and confer before the above date and present a proposed
          preliminary conference order on consent, completing page 1 (and if necessary, the additional directives)
          of the preliminary conference order form available on the nycourts.gov website at:

               https://www.nycourts.gov/LegacyPDFS/courts/1jd/supctmanh/PC-Genl. pdf

             Proposed preliminary conference orders must be filed on NYSCEF. If all sides do ~ot ~~nsent to
          completing the preliminary conference order outside of court, the parties SHALL submit a Joint letter on

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  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 37                                                                   RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2024

          or before the above date advising as to the status of the meet and confer and what issues, if any, have
          arisen which prevent the parties from completing a proposed preliminary conference order on consent.

              Any requested· relief not expressly addressed herein has nonetheless been considered and is
          hereby expressly rejected and this constitutes the decision and order of the court.

          Dated:
                             v
                                                                  So Ordered:
                       New

                                                                  Hon. Lynn .

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