Court Opinion

ID: 3024847
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:32:30.286948+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:47:43.245682
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                           FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                    ___________

                                    No. 99-3401
                                    ___________

Wixon Jewelers, Inc., a Minnesota       *
corporation,                            *
                                        *
              Appellant,                *
                                        * Appeal from the United States
       v.                               * District Court for the
                                        * District of Minnesota.
Di-Star, Ltd., a Delaware corporation; *
Glenn Rothman; Jack Gredinger,          *
individually,                           *
                                        *
              Appellees.                *
                                   ___________

                              Submitted: June 16, 2000
                                  Filed: July 27, 2000
                                   ___________

Before MURPHY, HEANEY, and MAGILL, Circuit Judges.
                           ___________

MAGILL, Circuit Judge.

       Wixon Jewelers, Inc. (Wixon), a Minnesota corporation, filed suit in Minnesota
state court against Di-Star, Ltd. (Di-Star), a Delaware corporation, and its officers
alleging breach of contract, violations of the Minnesota Franchise Act, and fraud in the
inducement. Di-Star removed to the United States District Court for the District of
Minnesota,1 which granted Di-Star's motion for summary judgment. Wixon appeals the
district court's grant of summary judgment only as to the breach of contract and the
fraud in the inducement claims. We AFFIRM.

       Di-Star is a wholesaler of ideal-cut diamonds,2 which are sold under the Hearts
on Fire brand. On May 30, 1997, Wixon and Di-Star entered into a distribution
agreement, which provided: 1) Wixon would be the sole retailer of Hearts on Fire
diamonds in the Minneapolis/Saint Paul area, 2) Wixon would initially purchase six
Hearts on Fire diamonds, and 3) Wixon would order a minimum of $2500 worth of
Hearts on Fire diamonds per month from Di-Star in order to maintain the exclusive right
to distribute Hearts on Fire diamonds in the Minneapolis/Saint Paul area. The
agreement had no fixed end date. Between May 1997 and March 1998, Wixon only
twice made the required minimum purchase, in November 1997 and December 1997.
In early 1998, Di-Star notified Wixon that another Minneapolis/Saint Paul jeweler
would be added as an authorized retailer of Hearts on Fire diamonds. Wixon then
canceled the agreement with Di-Star and filed suit alleging it would lose profits in
excess of $1,000,000 over the coming ten years.

      The breach of contract claim requires only a simple application of Article 2 of
the Uniform Commercial Code as adopted by Minnesota at Minn. Stat. § 336.2-101 et
seq. Wixon argues that although the original distribution agreement required the
purchase of $2500 worth of diamonds per month, the agreement was orally modified
to require the purchase of $30,000 worth of diamonds per year. If the oral modification
is valid, then Di-Star was in breach of the exclusivity clause. Conversely, if the

      1
        The Honorable James M. Rosenbaum, United States District Judge for the
District of Minnesota.
      2
        The facets of ideal-cut diamonds are cut to provide maximum brilliance at the
expense of size and strength. At the time of the original contract, ideal-cut diamonds
appear to have been relatively rare in this country.

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modification was not valid, then Wixon was in breach and the contract could be voided
by Di-Star at any time.

       A modification to a contract must, itself, satisfy the statute of frauds if it would
be subject to the statute of frauds were it a separate contract. See Minn. Stat. § 336.2-
209(3). The Minnesota statute of frauds requires a contract for the sale of goods in the
amount of $500 or more to be evidenced by a writing. See Minn. Stat. § 336.2-201(1).
Here the diamonds are valued at $2500 per month under the old contract and $30,000
under the purported modification. The minimum dollar amount that requires a writing
is clearly met regardless of which dollar amount is considered to be the amount of the
modification. It is equally clear that diamonds are goods. See Minn. Stat. § 336.2-
105(1). Thus, the modification must conform with the statute of frauds. Wixon admits
there is no writing evidencing the modification. The district court correctly determined
the statute of frauds required a writing and absent such writing the modification was not
valid. Thus, under the original contract, Wixon was in breach because it did not meet
the monthly minimum purchase. Because of this breach, Di-Star did not have to honor
the exclusivity agreement and was not itself in breach. The district court's grant of
summary judgment on the breach of contract is affirmed.

       Wixon further claims that Di-Star committed the tort of fraud in the inducement.
For a fraud in the inducement claim to succeed, the defendant must not have met the
obligations of the contract, among other elements. See Vandeputte v. Soderholm, 216
N.W.2d 144, 147 (Minn. 1974). As we have already found, Di-Star was not in breach
of contract; rather Wixon was in breach by failing to make the required minimum
monthly purchases. Because Di-Star met all of its obligations under the contract, we
affirm the district court's grant of summary judgment on the fraud in the inducement
claim.

      For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the district court.

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A true copy.

      Attest:

               CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

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