Court Opinion

ID: 9838935
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-09-08 20:06:44.360608+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:06:55.224350
License: Public Domain

2023 IL App (1st) 220525-U
                                                                           THIRD DIVISION
                                                                           September 6, 2023
                                         No. 1-22-0525

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the
limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
______________________________________________________________________________

                                    IN THE
                        APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
                           FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

DARRIN VAN BUREN,                                  ) Appeal from the
                                                   ) Circuit Court of
       Plaintiff-Appellant,                        ) Cook County
                                                   )
v.                                                 )
                                                   ) No. 18 L 12889
THE CITY OF CHICAGO; NATHAN POOLE,                 )
Star # 20545; LAVARR KING, Star # 20297; and       )
PATRICK LOFTUS, Star # 20327,                      ) Honorable
                                                   ) Toya T. Harvey,
       Defendant-Appellant.                        ) Judge Presiding.
____________________________________________________________________________

       PRESIDING JUSTICE REYES delivered the judgment of the court.
       Justices McBride and D.B. Walker concurred in the judgment.

                                            ORDER

¶1     Held: The judgment of the circuit court of Cook County granting summary judgment to a
       municipality and police officers on a malicious prosecution claim is affirmed.

¶2     Plaintiff Darrin Van Buren (Van Buren) filed a complaint for malicious prosecution in

the circuit court of Cook County against the City of Chicago (City) and three police officers

employed by the City – Nathan Poole (Poole), Lavarr King (King), and Patrick Loftus (Loftus).

On appeal, Van Buren contends that the circuit court erred in granting summary judgment in

favor of defendants. For the reasons discussed below, we affirm.
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¶3                                       BACKGROUND

¶4                                          The Shooting

¶5     On October 29, 2016, a shooting occurred at the Jamaican Jerk Villa restaurant in the

700 block of West 79th Street in Chicago. The shooting was captured on a security camera

inside the restaurant. At approximately 8:30 p.m., an individual wearing a face mask entered the

restaurant, walked to the front of a line of customers, and peered into the kitchen area. He then

pulled out a handgun and fired shots into the kitchen door and the dining room. After exiting the

restaurant, he fired once more through the front window. Two individuals were shot: customer

Brenda Wilson and employee Olive Edwards (Edwards), who was working in the kitchen.

¶6     Within minutes of the shooting, Chicago police officers arrived at the restaurant. The

record on appeal includes footage from the officers’ body cameras. As discussed further below,

Michael Webster (Webster) – who worked as security at the restaurant – informed officers at the

scene that the shooter was Edwards’ former boyfriend, who was quickly identified as Van Buren.

On November 9, 2016, Van Buren was arrested; he was charged and subsequently indicted for

the shooting. Van Buren maintains that the shooter had a visible scar on his head, whereas he

does not; the circuit court entered an order on May 17, 2018, directing the sheriff’s office to

shave his head. Van Buren continued to be detained without bail until June 4, 2018, when the

State ultimately nol-prossed the charges.

¶7                             The Malicious Prosecution Complaint

¶8     Van Buren filed a two-count complaint for malicious prosecution and intentional

infliction of emotional distress (IIED) against defendants in the circuit court of Cook County in

November 2018. He alleged that the defendant officers reviewed the security footage of the

shooting and knew that the shooter had a “plainly visible scar on the top of his head.” According

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to Van Buren, the officers had observed him – both in person and through video monitoring –

while he was in custody prior to being charged, and they knew that he did not have a scar.

¶9     In count I, Van Buren alleged that the defendant officers maliciously prosecuted him on

false charges without probable cause. As the officers performed the challenged actions within

the scope of their employment, Van Buren also sued the City under the doctrine of respondeat

superior. In count II, Van Buren alleged that the officers – and the City by extension – engaged

in “extreme and outrageous” conduct with the intent to inflict severe emotional distress or with

knowledge of the high probability that the conduct would cause such distress.

¶ 10   In their answer to the complaint, defendants admitted that Officers Poole and King

reviewed security footage prior to Van Buren’s arrest but denied that they knew that the shooter

had a “plainly visible scar on the top of his head.” Defendants also filed affirmative defenses

based on the Local Governmental and Governmental Employees Tort Immunity Act (745 ILCS

10/1-101 et seq. (West 2020)), a statutory scheme intended to protect local public entities and

public employees from liability arising from the operation of government (745 ILCS 10/1-101.1

(West 2020)).

¶ 11   Defendants also filed a motion to dismiss count II of the complaint – the IIED claim – as

time-barred pursuant to section 2-619(a)(5) of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-

619(a)(5) (West 2020)). According to defendants, an IIED claim premised on an arrest and

prosecution accrues at the time of the arrest. As the applicable limitations period was one year

(745 ILCS 10/8-101(a) (West 2020)), defendants asserted that the action filed in November 2018

based on Van Buren’s arrest in November 2016 was untimely. After briefing, the circuit court

granted the motion to dismiss the IIED count.

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¶ 12                           The Motion for Summary Judgment

¶ 13   Defendants filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing that Van Buren could not

establish the first four of the five required elements of a malicious prosecution claim:

(1) the commencement of criminal proceedings by defendants; (2) termination of the matter in

favor of Van Buren; (3) the absence of probable cause for the proceedings; (4) the presence of

malice; and (5) resulting damages. The exhibits to the motion included the following.

¶ 14                                  Nathan Poole Affidavit

¶ 15   In an affidavit, Officer Poole averred that he was assigned as the lead investigator at

approximately 9:45 p.m. on the night of the shooting, October 29, 2016. When he arrived at the

restaurant, the two victims had already been transported to area hospitals. Poole interviewed

Webster, who stated that he “work[ed] security” at the restaurant. Webster informed Poole that

he was sitting near the front of the restaurant when an individual in a blue mask and coveralls

walked past him to the front counter. Webster indicated that he was not alarmed by the mask, as

it was shortly before Halloween. Although Webster did not know the shooter’s name, he

immediately recognized him as the ex-boyfriend of a restaurant employee, Olive Edwards.

Poole averred that Webster recognized Van Buren from his “body features” and the fact that

Van Buren had repeatedly visited the restaurant to pick up Edwards.

¶ 16   According to Poole, Webster stated that he observed the masked individual remove a

silver handgun from his waistband and fire approximately three shots into the door used by

employees. The shooter then walked to the front door of the restaurant and continued shooting.

Webster believed that the shooter fired at him since Webster recognized him. The shooter exited

the restaurant and fired the handgun through the front window, narrowly missing Webster. Poole

averred that Webster described Van Buren as approximately 5’7” or 5’8” and 165 or 175 pounds,

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with a dark complexion. Webster relayed that Van Buren drove a white Cadillac.

¶ 17   Poole averred that he spoke with Edwards at the hospital at approximately 11:30 p.m. that

evening. Edwards informed Poole that she was working in the kitchen at the time of the

shooting. She did not view the shooting, but she took cover in the kitchen when she heard

gunshots. She then felt a burning sensation in her left foot and realized she had been shot.

¶ 18   Edwards described her relationship with Van Buren to Poole. Edwards and Van Buren

dated for one year; he was physically abusive when he drank. They broke up approximately

three weeks prior to the shooting. She told Poole that Van Buren threatened to kill her if she left

him. Edwards’ last encounter with Van Buren was at 10:35 a.m. on the morning of the shooting.

He drove up to the bus stop where Edwards was waiting and harassed her regarding “marriage,

love, and sex.” After Edwards rejected his request to reunite, Van Buren departed. According to

Edwards, Van Buren drove a four-door white Cadillac and owned a silver revolver.

¶ 19   Poole averred that, on the day after the shooting, he interviewed the other victim, Brenda

Wilson, and he recovered and reviewed the footage from the restaurant’s security camera. He

subsequently reviewed the body camera footage from officers who initially arrived at the scene,

which confirmed that Webster identified Edwards’ “ex” as the shooter.

¶ 20   On November 3, 2016, Webster was interviewed again at the police station, where he

reported that he had recognized the shooter as Edwards’ boyfriend. When presented with a

photo array, Webster identified Van Buren as the shooter. On November 4, 2016, Poole

reviewed the security footage with Edwards. She informed Poole that she recognized the shooter

as her former boyfriend, Van Buren. According to Poole’s affidavit, Edwards stated that she

recognized Van Buren “from his small head, height, body build, broad ugly fingers, hair-cut with

design, old scar on top of his head discovered while playing with his head when they were

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together, and a limp in his left leg from an earlier skating accident.”

¶ 21     Van Buren was arrested on November 9, 2016. During separate recorded interviews with

an assistant state’s attorney on November 9 and 10, 2016, Webster and Edwards each identified

Van Buren as the shooter depicted in the security video. On November 10, 2016, a search

warrant was executed on Van Buren’s Cadillac; police recovered a gun lock and six live rounds

of .357 ammunition.1

¶ 22     The recorded interviews, as well as the body camera footage and restaurant security

footage, were attached as exhibits to Poole’s affidavit and are included in the record on appeal.

¶ 23                                   Preliminary Hearing Transcript

¶ 24     A transcript of a preliminary hearing held on November 22, 2016, was appended to the

motion for summary judgment. Brenda Wilson testified, in part, that the shooter was an African

American man who fired a large silver handgun. She was struck twice, and one of the bullets

was permanently lodged in her back.

¶ 25     Edwards testified, in part, that Van Buren had previously tried to kick down her door and

had threatened to hurt her if she left him. She also testified regarding their conversation on the

morning of the shooting, wherein she indicated that she would not marry him. Immediately after

the shooting, Webster told Edwards, “That’s your dude,” i.e., the shooter was her boyfriend.

According to Edwards, Van Buren visited her at the restaurant on approximately six occasions.

When questioned regarding her identification of Van Buren as the shooter from the security

video, Edwards testified that she recognized his limp and a scar on the side of his head. She also

recognized his silver revolver, which she had viewed previously on two occasions.

         1
          While the record suggests that a revolver owned by Van Buren could fire the recovered ammunition,
there does not appear to be any forensic evidence linking the firearm or the ammunition to the shooting at issue.

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¶ 26   At the conclusion of the preliminary hearing, the circuit court entered a finding of

probable cause and denied bail.

¶ 27                                  Nathan Poole Deposition

¶ 28     A transcript of Poole’s videotaped deposition from February 2021 was also appended to

the motion for summary judgment. Poole testified that when he arrived at the Jamaican Jerk

Villa restaurant after the shooting, he spoke with the responding officers and with Webster.

Although another police officer had written in a report that Webster provided no details

regarding the shooter, Webster provided details when interviewed by Poole. According to Poole,

witnesses generally are more forthcoming with detectives than uniformed officers.

¶ 29   After conducting various interviews and otherwise investigating the shooting, Poole and

his partner (King) signed a felony complaint form initiating the criminal proceedings against Van

Buren on November 10, 2016. Poole testified before a grand jury on January 9, 2017.

¶ 30   During the deposition, Poole testified that Edwards told him that she discovered that Van

Buren had a scar on his head when she was “playing” with his head. Although Poole testified

that she never expressly stated that the scar was visible, she apparently recognized a scar on the

shooter’s head in the security video. Poole did not personally notice any scars on the shooter’s

head while viewing the video. Poole further testified that he did not specifically investigate

whether Van Buren had a scar, as Edwards had otherwise identified Van Buren. As noted above,

she informed Poole that she recognized Van Buren as the shooter based on his limp, his small

head, his “ugly” fingers, and other physical characteristics.

¶ 31   Poole also testified that an evidence technician had recovered the mask on the night of

the shooting, but forensic testing did not link the mask to Van Buren.

¶ 32   Defense counsel questioned Poole regarding the dismissal of charges against Van Buren

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after the circuit court had granted the State’s request for an order to shave Van Buren’s head.

When presented with a photograph of Van Buren’s shaved head, Poole noted that the top of his

head, but not the sides, had been shaven.

¶ 33                                 Lavarr King Deposition

¶ 34   The transcript of the deposition of Lavarr King from February 2021 was also appended to

the defendants’ motion for summary judgment. King, who was Poole’s partner, had been a

detective for 7 years and a Chicago police officer for 23 years at the time of the deposition.

¶ 35   King testified that he viewed the security video of the shooting on November 3, 2016,

when he first became involved in the investigation. When questioned regarding any “identifying

characteristics” of the shooter, King responded that the shooter was an African American male

who had short hair, wore a blue mask and an overcoat, and used a silver revolver. King did not

observe any scars on the shooter in the video footage, but he did notice “something on his head”

which “appeared to kind of leave as he changed his direction.”

¶ 36   Although King was aware that Edwards stated that Van Buren had a scar on his head, he

did not check for a scar when Van Buren was arrested. King testified he “wasn’t looking for

anything,” as Van Buren had already been identified by Webster and Edwards. King recalled

that Edwards “knew that that was him” based on the shooter’s head, hands, and distinctive gait.

When King inquired regarding his limp, Van Buren responded that he had arthritis.

¶ 37   Van Buren’s counsel asked why Edwards did not sign the complaint. King explained that

Edwards was not present when the charges were approved and that it was not the practice of the

Chicago police department to call in a victim to sign a complaint. King expressed frustration

regarding the “Bozo” head shave performed on Van Buren, i.e., the shave of the top of his head

but not the sides. King testified that all of the investigatory materials were provided to the State,

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and he appeared to opine that the State should not have dropped the charges against Van Buren.

¶ 38                                  Patrick Loftus Affidavit

¶ 39   In an affidavit, Officer Patrick Loftus averred that he was not assigned to investigate the

shooting on October 29, 2016. On November 9, 2016, when Van Buren was brought to the

police station pursuant to an investigative alert, Loftus was notified by one of the arresting

officers. Loftus then either contacted or attempted to contact the detective who issued the alert

to notify the detective that Van Buren was in custody. Loftus also compiled the investigative file

pursuant to a subpoena and forwarded it to the State’s Attorney’s Office on November 21, 2016.

¶ 40   Loftus averred that he did not have other involvement in the case, e.g., he did not speak

with Van Buren, perform any investigation, prepare any reports, or sign any criminal complaint.

¶ 41                                Darrin Van Buren Deposition

¶ 42   Van Buren testified he met Edwards in 2015 and they dated “on and off” for one or two

years; he was also dating another woman during that time. He had been to the Jamaican Jerk

Villa restaurant on more than 10 but less than 50 occasions. When questioned regarding certain

incidents with Edwards, Van Buren denied ever stalking, threatening, or otherwise abusing her.

He acknowledged that he owned a gray handgun which he had shown to Edwards but denied

ever pointing the weapon at her. Van Buren also indicated that he owned a white Cadillac. He

denied having a scar on his head.

¶ 43   Van Buren testified that he drove Edwards to work on the morning of the shooting.

According to Van Buren, Edwards telephoned him from the emergency room after the shooting

and stated “baby, they shot me.” He testified that Edwards never told him that she thought he

shot her. When questioned regarding his whereabouts on the night of the shooting, Van Buren

testified that he was drunk in a park with “buddies,” none of whom he could name.

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¶ 44                     Briefing and Ruling on Summary Judgment Motion

¶ 45   In his response to the motion for summary judgment, Van Buren argued that Poole and

King 2 maliciously caused him to be arrested and jailed for 19 months for a crime which he did

not commit. Van Buren noted that one of the responding officers prepared an incident report

wherein the officer stated that Webster – the security person at the restaurant – offered no details

regarding the shooter other than that he was wearing a blue mask and coveralls. Van Buren also

maintained that Officers Poole and King failed to verify whether he had a scar on his head,

despite their review of the restaurant’s security footage, where the shooter’s scar was “visible.”

Van Buren further asserted that the incident report listed the shooter’s height as between 6’ and

6’2”, whereas Poole was aware that Van Buren’s height was 5’7”.

¶ 46   According to Van Buren, Poole provided “false, inaccurate and/or deliberately

misleading testimony” to the grand jury; his grand jury testimony was an attachment to the

response. Van Buren noted that Poole and King – and not Olive Edwards – signed the felony

complaints. Van Buren also observed that one of the complaints “falsely stated” that Van Buren

lacked a valid Firearm Owner’s Identification (FOID) card; this count was later dropped.

¶ 47   In their reply, defendants characterized any purported discrepancy relating to the incident

report as “immaterial,” given that police bodycam footage revealed that Webster had informed

the responding officers that the shooter was Edwards’ boyfriend. Defendants further noted that

neither Poole nor King “knew” that the shooter had a scar – let alone a “huge” and “visible” scar

– contrary to Van Buren’s contention. According to defendants, any malicious prosecution claim

based on the dropped FOID-related charge was time-barred. Finally, defendants contended that

Poole’s grand jury testimony was truthful, that he was not required to volunteer “exculpatory”

       2
           Van Buren’s response did not reference Officer Loftus.
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information, and that, in any event, “grand jury witnesses enjoy absolute immunity” from

malicious prosecution claims.

¶ 48   Following arguments, the circuit court entered an order on November 2, 2021, granting

defendants’ motion for summary judgment. The circuit court found no material issue of fact

regarding the absence of two of the required elements of a malicious prosecution claim: malice

and probable cause.

¶ 49   Van Buren filed a motion for reconsideration, contending, in part, that the court did not

consider the “grossly negligent conduct” of the defendant officers when finding that no issue of

material fact existed as to the absence of probable cause for the proceedings. According to Van

Buren, the officers “readily admit that they did not verify any of the facts that supported their

supposed honest belief for probable cause.” Defendants responded, in part, that the evidence

established probable cause as a matter of law, e.g., the separate and consistent identification of

Van Buren as the shooter by both Edwards and Webster. The circuit court denied the motion to

reconsider, and Van Buren filed this timely appeal.

¶ 50                                       ANALYSIS

¶ 51   Van Buren contends on appeal that the circuit court erred in granting summary judgment

in favor of defendants. Prior to addressing his arguments, we note that the issues have been

narrowed in two respects. First, our review is limited to the malicious prosecution claim, as Van

Buren’s IIED claim was dismissed as time-barred and his briefs solely address the malicious

prosecution claim. See Ill. S. Ct. R. 341(h)(7) (eff. Oct. 1, 2020) (noting that “[p]oints not

argued are forfeited”). Second, although the malicious prosecution claim was filed against three

officers – Poole, King, and Loftus – neither Van Buren’s response to the summary judgment

motion nor his briefs on appeal address any claims specifically against Loftus. Such arguments

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are thus forfeited. Id. We begin our analysis with a discussion of summary judgment principles.

¶ 52                                    Summary Judgment

¶ 53   The purpose of summary judgment is not to try an issue of fact but to determine whether

an issue of fact exists. Monson v. City of Danville, 2018 IL 122486, ¶ 12. Summary judgment is

appropriate where “the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on file, together with the

affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving

party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” 735 ILCS 5/2-1005(c) (West 2020).

“ ‘A genuine issue of material fact precluding summary judgment exists where the material facts

are disputed, or, if the material facts are undisputed, reasonable persons might draw different

inferences from the undisputed facts.’ ” Monson, 2018 IL 122486, ¶ 12 (quoting Adames v.

Sheahan, 233 Ill. 2d 276, 296 (2009)). The court must construe the evidence in the record

strictly against the movant (id.), and “unsupported conclusions, opinions, or speculation are

insufficient to raise a genuine issue of material fact” (Valfer v. Evanston Northwestern

Healthcare, 2016 IL 119220, ¶ 20). Although summary judgment has been called a “drastic

measure,” it is an appropriate tool to employ in the expeditious disposition of a lawsuit where the

right of the movant is clear and free from doubt. Suburban Real Estate Services, Inc. v. Carlson,

2022 IL 126935, ¶ 15; Aalbers v. LaSalle Hotel Properties, 2022 IL App (1st) 210494, ¶ 15.

¶ 54   On appeal from an order granting summary judgment, the reviewing court must consider

whether the existence of a genuine issue of material fact should have precluded the dismissal or,

absent such an issue of fact, whether summary judgment is proper as a matter of law. Monson,

2018 IL 122486, ¶ 12. Our review of the trial court’s grant of summary judgment is de novo.

Suburban Real Estate Services, 2022 IL 126935, ¶ 15. We may affirm the grant of summary

judgment on any basis in the record, regardless of whether the circuit court’s reasoning was

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correct. Sang Ken Kim v. City of Chicago, 368 Ill. App. 3d 648, 653 (2006).

¶ 55                                Malicious Prosecution Claim

¶ 56   Van Buren argues that the circuit court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of

defendants on his malicious prosecution claim. A malicious prosecution action is a civil tort

initiated by a plaintiff for the recovery of damages which have proximately resulted to a

“ ‘person, property or reputation’ ” from a previously unsuccessful criminal or civil proceeding,

which was prosecuted with malice and without probable cause. Beaman v. Freesmeyer, 2019 IL

122654, ¶ 23 (quoting Freides v. Sani-Mode Manufacturing Co., 33 Ill. 2d 291, 295 (1965)).

¶ 57   To state a cause of action for malicious prosecution, the plaintiff must prove five

elements: (1) the commencement or continuation of an original civil or criminal judicial

proceeding by the defendant; (2) the termination of the proceeding in favor of the plaintiff;

(3) the absence of probable cause for such proceeding; (4) the presence of malice; and

(5) damages to the plaintiff. Id. ¶ 26. Accord Swick v. Liautaud, 169 Ill. 2d 504, 512 (1996).

¶ 58   Our supreme court has long recognized that actions for malicious prosecution are

disfavored. Beaman, 2019 IL 122654, ¶ 24. See also Holt v. City of Chicago, 2022 IL App (1st)

220400, ¶ 67 (noting that “[p]ublic policy encourages the exposure of crime and disfavors

malicious prosecution suits”). An action for malicious prosecution is subject to more stringent

limitations than other tort actions and will be permitted only when all the requirements for

maintaining an action have been satisfied. Beaman, 2019 IL 122654, ¶ 25. The absence of any

of the five elements bars a plaintiff’s malicious prosecution claim. Beaman v. Freesmeyer, 2021

IL 125617, ¶ 74; Beaman, 2019 IL 122654, ¶ 26; Swick, 169 Ill. 2d at 512.

¶ 59                                 Absence of Probable Cause

¶ 60   “Lack of probable cause for instituting the original proceedings is an indispensable

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element of an action for malicious prosecution.” Beaman, 2021 IL 125617, ¶ 116. Accord

Turner v. City of Chicago, 91 Ill. App. 3d 931, 934 (1980) (noting that the presence of probable

cause “constitutes an absolute bar to an action for malicious prosecution”). Probable cause is

defined as a state of facts that would lead a reasonably cautious individual to believe, or to

entertain a strong and honest suspicion, that the arrested person committed the charged offense.

Beaman, 2021 IL 125617, ¶ 116. “In the context of an action for malicious prosecution, the

assessment of probable cause depends on the totality of the circumstances existing when

defendants commenced the prosecution.” Id. ¶ 117.

¶ 61   “A reasonable ground for belief of an accused’s guilt may be based on information from

other persons as well as on personal knowledge.” Holt, 2022 IL App (1st) 220400, ¶ 68. In this

case, Poole was informed by both Edwards and Webster that Van Buren was the shooter.

Webster was familiar with Van Buren’s appearance, as he was a regular visitor to the restaurant

where Webster and Edwards were employed. After dating for one year, Edwards was

knowledgeable regarding Van Buren’s appearance and demeanor. Upon reviewing the security

footage of the shooting, she readily recognized his physical features, including his small head,

his body build, his “ugly fingers,” a scar on his head, and his limp. Edwards also indicated that

the handgun used in the shooting appeared similar to a handgun owned by Van Buren.

¶ 62   When the victim of the crime supplies the police with the information forming probable

cause, there is a presumption that the information provided is inherently reliable. Holt, 2022 IL

App (1st) 220400, ¶ 68; Sang Ken Kim, 368 Ill. App. 3d at 655. The reports of Webster and

Edwards alone supported the officers’ reasonable belief to arrest Van Buren, as the information

from an eyewitness or a victim of a crime is entitled to particularly great weight in evaluating its

reliability. Holt, 2022 IL App (1st) 220400, ¶ 69. A police officer is entitled to accept a report if

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it is not so incredible as to make the officer’s belief that the plaintiff committed the crime to be

unreasonable. Id. ¶ 80. 3 In this case, the officers’ belief that Van Buren committed the shooting

was not incredible or unreasonable in any respect. Not only did Webster and Edwards identify

Van Buren as the shooter, but Edwards also described past physical abuse in their relationship

and their contentious exchange on the morning of the shooting. These facts – coupled with the

security footage revealing that the shooter aimed and shot through the door into the kitchen

where Edwards was working – support the presence of probable cause.

¶ 63       Van Buren contends that the shooter bore a scar on his head, but that Van Buren did not.

According to Van Buren, the officers failed to “conduct a minimal investigation” by not

verifying whether he had a scar. We reject this contention. Given the detailed and consistent

identifications of Van Buren as the shooter by both Webster and Edwards, the arrest and

initiation of charges against defendant by the officers was justified. Illinois courts have

consistently found that it is not necessary to verify the correctness of each item of information;

it is sufficient to act with reasonable caution and prudence. Sang Ken Kim, 368 Ill. App. 3d at

655; Turner, 91 Ill. App. 3d at 935. Even if we assume that the officers erred in not taking such

a step (which we do not), a “mistake or error that is not grossly negligent will not affect the

question of probable cause in an action for malicious prosecution when there is an honest belief

by the complainant that the accused is probably guilty of the offense.” Beaman, 2021 IL

125617, ¶ 116. Accord Holt, 2022 IL App (1st) 220400, ¶ 68.

¶ 64       We are also unpersuaded by Van Buren’s arguments regarding other purported

deficiencies in the investigative process. For example, Van Buren contends that there were

       3
         We further note that Van Buren’s grand jury indictment is prima facie evidence of probable cause for
purposes of a malicious prosecution claim. See Beaman, 2021 IL 125617, ¶ 117; Holt, 2022 IL App (1st) 220400,
¶ 77 (same).

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inconsistencies in the descriptions of the shooter’s height and Van Buren’s height. We observe,

however, that Van Buren has inconsistently described his own height, e.g., he testified during his

deposition that he is 5’10½” but now maintains that he is 5’7”. Van Buren also claims that the

officers should have conducted a live lineup. We note, however, that both Webster and Edwards

knew Van Buren prior to the shooting, and thus it was not necessary to check whether they could

recognize him. In any event, both Webster and Edwards identified defendant in a photo array.

Van Buren further contends that the detective “falsely stated in the felony complaint” that he did

not have a valid FOID card. This charge was a misdemeanor charge (see 430 ILCS 65/14(e)

(West 2016)) which was nol-prossed by the State at the beginning of Van Buren’s preliminary

hearing. As such, it was not “instrumental in the commencement or continuation of his criminal

prosecution.” Beaman, 2021 IL 125617, ¶ 88.

¶ 65   Based on the information they knew at the time of Van Buren’s arrest, defendants held an

objectively reasonable belief that Van Buren had committed the shooting. We find that there is

no genuine issue of material fact regarding the existence of probable cause in this case, and

therefore, we also find that the circuit court acted properly in granting defendants’ motion for

summary judgment on the allegations of malicious prosecution. See Williams v. Manchester,

228 Ill. 2d 404, 417 (2008) (noting that summary judgment for the defendant is proper if the

plaintiff fails to establish any elements of the cause of action); Holt, 2022 IL App (1st) 220400,

¶ 68 (providing that “[i]f it appears that there was probable cause to institute the proceedings, the

action for malicious prosecution fails”).

¶ 66                                        CONCLUSION

¶ 67   The judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is affirmed in its entirety.

¶ 68   Affirmed.

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