Court Opinion

ID: 9905987
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-30 18:01:08.232482+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:03.058482
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       NOV 30 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ALI M. UYANIK,                                  No.    22-16685

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 5:22-cv-02361-NC

and
                                                MEMORANDUM*
DOROTHY OWENS,

                Plaintiff,

 v.

WAWANESA GENERAL INSURANCE
COMPANY,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Northern District of California
                Nathanael M. Cousins, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted November 14, 2023**
                                San Francisco, California

Before: S.R. THOMAS, FORREST, and MENDOZA, Circuit Judges.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      Appellant Ali Uyanik appeals1 from the district court’s order dismissing his

First Amended Complaint against Appellee Wawanesa General Insurance Company

with prejudice. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      “We review de novo the district court’s decision to grant a motion to dismiss

under Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim.” Sinclair v. City of Seattle, 61 F.4th

674, 678 (9th Cir. 2023). We accept as true allegations of material fact, but

“conclusory allegations and unwarranted inferences are insufficient to defeat a

motion to dismiss.” Oklevueha Native Am. Church of Haw., Inc. v. Holder, 676 F.3d

829, 834 (9th Cir. 2012). “Dismissal under [Federal Rule of Civil Procedure]

12(b)(6) is warranted if a complaint fails ‘to state a claim to relief that is plausible

on its face.’” Mahoney v. Sessions, 871 F.3d 873, 877 (9th Cir. 2017) (quoting Bell

Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)).

          1. Breach of Contract Claim. We affirm the district court’s dismissal of

Uyanik’s breach of contract claim. This claim is grounded in the plainly incorrect

assertion that California law requires insurance providers to cover all losses,

including diminution of vehicle value and loss of vehicle use, because policy

exclusions are “void and unenforceable under California law as against public

      1
        Uyanik’s briefs indicate that both individual plaintiffs, Uyanik and Dorothy
Owens, appealed. However, the Notice of Appeal filed in the district court clearly
states that only Uyanik appealed. Uyanik v. Wawanesa Gen. Ins. Co., No. 5:22-cv-
02361-NC (N.D. Cal. Oct. 28, 2022) (ECF. No. 48).

                                           2
policy and contradict[] the statutes passed by the California Legislature.” See

Carson v. Mercury Ins. Co., 210 Cal. App. 4th 409, 425 (2012) (“It is a well-

established principle that an insurer has the right to limit policy coverage in plain

and understandable language and that it may limit the nature of the risk it undertakes

to assume.”); see also Hackethal v. Nat’l Cas. Co., 189 Cal. App. 3d 1102, 1109

(1987) (“It is, of course, well established that an insurer has a right to limit the

policy coverage in plain and understandable language . . . .” (quoting VTN Consol.,

Inc. v. Northbrook Ins. Co., 92 Cal. App. 3d 888, 892 (1979))).

      2.     Fraud-based claims. Uyanik’s tort and statutory claims, which are all

grounded in fraud, are subject to Rule 9(b)’s heightened pleading standard. Kearns

v. Ford Motor Co., 567 F.3d 1120, 1122 (9th Cir. 2009) (holding that claims under

CLRA and California’s UCL “are subject to Rule 9(b)[] which requires that

allegations of fraud be pleaded with particularity”); Vess v. Ciba-Geigy Corp. USA,

317 F.3d 1097, 1103–05 (9th Cir. 2003) (holding that UCL claims that include

allegations of fraud must be pled with particularity); Schreiber Distrib. Co. v. Serv-

Well Furniture Co., Inc., 806 F.2d 1393, 1400–01 (9th Cir. 1986) (applying Rule

9(b) specificity requirement to predicate fraudulent acts under the Racketeer

Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act). Uyanik’s conclusory assertion that

Wawanesa “marketed, advertised, and sold its policy as ‘Insurance’” but “did not

intend to indemnify insureds such as [Uyanik] for all loss, damage, or liability as

                                          3
required by California law” does not meet Rule 9(b)’s heightened pleading standard.

Uyanik failed to plead specific details of fraud in his First Amended Complaint, see

Neubronner v. Milken, 6 F.3d 666, 672 (9th Cir. 1993), or to identify any misleading

advertisements or marketing material with particularity, see Bly-Magee v.

California, 236 F.3d 1014, 1019 (9th Cir. 2001). Accordingly, we affirm the district

court’s dismissal of his tort and statutory-based claims.

       3.     CLRA claim. We affirm the district court’s dismissal of the CLRA

claim for an additional reason: the CLRA does not apply to insurance. The CLRA

prohibits certain unfair acts and practices “in a transaction intended to result or that

results in the sale or lease of goods or services to any consumer . . . .” Cal. Civ. Code

§ 1770(a). The California Supreme Court has held that insurance is neither a good

nor a service within the meaning of the CLRA. See Fairbanks v. Superior Court,

P.3d 201, 205 (Cal. 2009) (“Because life insurance is not a ‘tangible chattel,’ it is

not a ‘good’ as that term is defined in the Consumers Legal Remedies Act . . . .

Neither is life insurance a ‘service’ under the act.” (citation omitted)). Accordingly,

Uyanik fails to state a claim under the CLRA.

       4.     Sanctions. We grant Wawanesa motion for sanctions [Dkt. 33]. Federal

Rule of Appellate Procedure 38 permits us to “award just damages” if “an appeal is

frivolous.” Blixseth v. Yellowstone Mountain Club, LLC, 854 F.3d 626, 630 (9th Cir.

2017). “An appeal is considered frivolous in this circuit when the result is obvious or

                                           4
the appellant’s arguments are wholly without merit.” See Glanzman v. Uniroyal, Inc.,

892 F.2d 58, 61 (9th Cir. 1989) (quoting McConnell v. Critchlow, 661 F.2d 116, 118

(9th Cir. 1981)). “Appellate courts have discretion to award damages, attorney's fees,

and single or double costs as a sanction for bringing a frivolous appeal.” Glanzman,

892 F.2d at 61. Uyanik’s counsel Montie S. Day has filed multiple cases in state and

federal court advancing the same unsuccessful legal theory advanced here—that

insurance policies in California are required to cover diminution of vehicle value and

other losses. Notably, Day represented the plaintiff in Tufano v. State Farm Mut. Ins.

Co., 854 F. App’x 134 (9th Cir. 2021), where we explicitly rejected the same statutory

claims based on virtually the same facts and legal theories as asserted here. Id. at

136–37.

       We may sanction counsel without sanctioning his client. See, e.g., Kalombo

v. Hughes Mkt. Inc., 886 F.2d 258, 260 (9th Cir. 1989). Here, we are persuaded that

sanctions should be imposed against Day, not Uyanik, given that Day should have

known that the legal claims and arguments that he asserted were frivolous based on

the prior cases that he has handled. See Smith v. Ricks, 31 F.3d 1478, 1489 (9th Cir.

1994) (sanctioning counsel for filing multiple, frivolous appeals based on previously

invalidated legal theories). Accordingly, we order Day to pay $5,000 within 21 days

of the date of this order to Wawanesa. See Fed. R. App. P. 38. Day may not tax these

costs to Uyanik.

                                          5
AFFIRMED and motion for sanctions GRANTED.2

2
    We deny Uyanik’s motion for judicial notice [Dkt. 39].

                                     6