Court Opinion

ID: 4174065
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-06-02 15:10:43.766079+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:38:54.681095
License: Public Domain

No. 115,882

             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

                                ALLIANCE INDEMNITY CO.,
                                       Appellee,

                                             v.

                          WILLIAM KERNS and CHERITY KERNS,
                                     Appellants.

                              SYLLABUS BY THE COURT

1.
       Whether the district court has authority to award attorney fees is a question of law
over which an appellate court has unlimited review.

2.
       Interpretation of a statute is a question of law over which an appellate court has
unlimited review. In examining a statute courts look for the intent of the legislature in
enacting it. The intent of the legislature governs if that intent can be determined. Courts
look for legislative intent by examining the words used by the legislature, giving common
words their ordinary meaning. When the words are clear and the statute is unambiguous,
courts do not speculate about the legislative intent behind the statute's clear language, nor
do courts read something into the statute that is not readily found in its words.

3.
       Interpretation of an insurance policy presents a question of law over which an
appellate court has unlimited review. In doing so courts consider the policy as a whole
and endeavor to ascertain the intention of the parties from the language used, taking into
account the situation of the parties, the nature of the subject matter, and the purpose to be

                                              1
accomplished. Insurance policy language is tested by what a reasonably prudent insured
would understand the language to mean. If an insurance policy is ambiguous, the
ambiguity is construed against the insurer.

4.
       Kansas applies the traditional American rule for attorney fees: our courts will not
assess attorney fees absent a statute authorizing an award of fees or an agreement
between the parties.

5.
       The Kansas Declaratory Judgments Act, K.S.A. 60-1711 in particular, provides
that in proceedings under the Act courts may make such award of costs as may seem
equitable and just. But "costs" under the Act do not include attorney fees.

6.
       Attorney fees are not a part of costs, absent express statutory authority. The plain
language of the Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act does not authorize a district court to
award fees to parties to a declaratory judgment action. When the legislature uses the word
"costs," it means the fees and charges of the court such as filing fees, fees for service of
process, and the like. If the legislature intends to provide for the recovery of attorney
fees, it knows very well what language to use in the statute to achieve that end.

7.
       K.S.A. 40-908, which provides for attorney fees in certain instances to a prevailing
plaintiff in an action against an insurance company on a policy that insures property
against loss by fire, tornado, lightning, or hail, does not apply when the insured fails to
obtain a judgment for a loss covered by the policy in excess of the amount tendered by
the insurance company before commencement of the action.

                                              2
8.
        Upland Mutual Insurance, Inc. v. Noel, 214 Kan. 145, 519 P.2d 737 (1974), is
discussed and distinguished.

9.
        Under the facts presented, there is no agreement between an insurer and its insured
for the payment of attorney fees in connection with a first-party claim for uninsured
motorist benefits because the uninsured motorist provisions of the policy make no
provision for the payment of such fees.

        Appeal from Johnson District Court; PAUL C. GURNEY, judge. Opinion filed June 2, 2017.
Affirmed.

        Michael S. Mogenson, of Mogenson & Branson, LLC, of Mission, for appellants.

        Mark B. Schaffer, of Frischer & Schaffer, Chtd., of Overland Park, for appellee.

Before ARNOLD-BURGER, C.J., GREEN and MCANANY, JJ.

        MCANANY, J.: In this appeal William and Cherity Kerns challenge the district
court's denial of attorney fees they incurred in connection with a declaratory judgment
action brought by Alliance Indemnity Co. (Alliance) to determine coverage under the
Kernses' auto insurance policy.

Facts

        The coverage issue was precipitated by an auto accident in July 2011 when
Cherity and her minor son were involved in a head-on collision in Coffey County with a
vehicle driven by Matthew Tucker. Cherity was driving an Enterprise rental vehicle

                                                    3
which was rented for her by her employer. Cherity and her son were injured and Tucker
was killed. Tucker was driving a vehicle owned by Brandon Anderson.

          The Kernses were insured under an auto policy issued by Alliance. Cherity's
employer also carried a policy issued by Federal Insurance Company, and Cherity
claimed she was covered by that policy as well. Tucker and Anderson were uninsured.

          The Kernses sued Tucker's estate and Anderson in Johnson County for negligently
causing Cherity's personal injuries. (The Kernses apparently settled for their son's injuries
so his claim is no longer at issue.) The Kernses obtained default judgments in excess of
$1.4 million against Tucker's estate and against Anderson. Because both Tucker and
Anderson were uninsured at the time of the collision, Alliance paid uninsured motorist
(UM) benefits of $100,000 to Cherity, the per-person policy limit under the Alliance
policy.

          Thereafter, in May 2013, the Kernses filed suit in the Circuit Court of Jackson
County, Missouri, for breach of contract and various theories of indemnification. They
claimed Cherity was covered under the policies issued by Federal Insurance and Alliance.
They also claimed Cherity was entitled to UM benefits from Enterprise, the owner of the
rental car Cherity was driving. It is unclear whether Enterprise was insured or was self-
insured. The Kernses asked the Missouri court to determine, among other things, that
they were entitled to stack the UM benefits in the Alliance policy based on the number of
vehicles insured under the policy and the number of tortfeasors involved in the accident.

          In August 2014, while the Missouri case was still pending, Alliance filed a petition
for a declaratory judgment in Johnson County, seeking a determination of its applicable
coverage under the policy and under the Kansas anti-stacking statutes.

                                               4
         The Kernses moved to dismiss Alliance's declaratory judgment action. They
contended that this declaratory judgment action was not the appropriate vehicle for
deciding issues presently being litigated in Missouri. On that same day, Alliance moved
for summary judgment on the coverage issue raised by the Kernses.

         In October 2014, the district court denied the Kernses' motion to dismiss.

         In November 2014, the district court granted Alliance's motion for summary
judgment, finding that with respect to the auto accident, Alliance owed the Kernses
nothing under the policy beyond the $100,000 already paid. The Kernses appealed to our
court.

         In May 2015, before our court decided the Kernses' appeal, the circuit court in
Missouri granted Alliance's motion for summary judgment and found that (1) Kansas law
governed the interpretation of the insurance policy and (2) K.S.A. 40-284(d) prohibits
stacking of UM coverage.

         Given the circuit court's ruling, our court concluded in November 2015 that the
issue presented in the appeal of the district court's ruling in the declaratory judgment
action had become moot because of the Missouri court's May 2015 ruling on the same
issue. We vacated the district court's decision granting Alliance's motion for summary
judgment and remanded with directions that the district court dismiss the action without
prejudice. Alliance Indemnity Co. v. Kerns, No. 112,871, 2015 WL 7434692, at *2 (Kan.
App. 2015) (unpublished opinion).

         At this point we note in passing that the Kernses did not request attorney fees in
accordance with Supreme Court Rule 7.07 (2017 Kan. S. Ct. R. 50) for this first appeal.
Although the Kernses briefly address this matter in their reply brief in our present case,

                                               5
they did not raise the matter in their opening brief, so we need not address it. See
Seaboard Corp. v. Marsh Inc., 295 Kan. 384, 422, 284 P.3d 314 (2012).

       On remand, the Kernses moved the district court for an order awarding them
attorney fees and expenses. They argued that they were entitled to attorney fees under the
insurance policy because they successfully defended against Alliance's declaratory
judgment action. They also claimed that because they prevailed in the action and the
Alliance policy covered "damage to property by hail, etc.," they were entitled to attorney
fees under K.S.A. 40-908. Finally, they asserted that their attorney fees should be
considered "costs" under the Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act (UDJA), thus entitling
them to attorney fees.

       Alliance argued that in their request for fees the Kernses misapplied Upland
Mutual Insurance v. Noel, 214 Kan. 145, 519 P.2d 737 (1974), which involved a
declaratory judgment action to determine whether the insurer had the duty to defend and
indemnify an insured against a third-party liability claim. Alliance also argued that the
district court did not have authority to award fees under K.S.A. 40-908 because the
Kernses had not obtained a judgment against Alliance or proved that Alliance owed
additional benefits under the policy's UM coverage. Further, Alliance asserted that the
district court lacked authority to award the Kernses attorney fees under the UDJA
because the UDJA did not provide for fees and the Kernses had not obtained a judgment
against Alliance under the Act. Finally, Alliance contended that the Kernses failed to
preserve the right to appellate attorney fees and the district court lacked authority to
award those fees.

       In May 2016, the district court held a hearing on the Kernses' motion, dismissed
the declaratory judgment action as mandated by our court, and denied the Kernses'
motion for attorney fees.

                                              6
       In July 2016, the circuit court in Missouri entered judgment in favor of Alliance,
against the Kernses, again holding that they were not permitted to stack UM coverage
under the Alliance policy.

       The Kernses' appeal again brings the matter to us. They contend that the district
court erred in finding they were not entitled to attorney fees under the UDJA, K.S.A. 40-
908, or the insurance policy.

Review Standards

       Whether the district court has authority to award attorney fees is a question of law
over which our review is unlimited. Rinehart v. Morton Buildings, Inc., 297 Kan. 926,
942, 305 P.3d 622 (2013). Interpretation of a statute is also a question of law over which
our review is unlimited. Neighbor v. Westar Energy, Inc., 301 Kan. 916, 918, 349 P.3d
459 (2015).

       In examining a statute we look for the intent of the legislature in enacting it. The
intent of the legislature governs if that intent can be determined. State, ex rel. Schmidt v.
City of Wichita, 303 Kan. 650, 659, 367 P.3d 282 (2016). We look for legislative intent
by examining the words used by the legislature, giving common words their ordinary
meaning. When the words are clear and the statute is unambiguous, we do not speculate
about the legislative intent behind its clear language. We also refrain from reading
something into the statute that is not readily found in its words. Ullery v. Othick, 304
Kan. 405, 409, 372 P.3d 1135 (2016).

       Interpretation of an insurance policy presents a question of law over which we
have unlimited review. National Bank of Andover v. Kansas Bankers Surety Co., 290
Kan. 247, 257, 225 P.3d 707 (2010). In interpreting the Alliance policy, we apply the
following rules of construction:

                                              7
               "In construing an insurance policy, a court should consider the instrument as a
       whole and endeavor to ascertain the intention of the parties from the language used,
       taking into account the situation of the parties, the nature of the subject matter, and the
       purpose to be accomplished. [Citation omitted.] Insurance policy language is tested by
       what a reasonably prudent insured would understand the language to mean, not by what
       the insurer intended the language to mean. [Citation omitted.]" Iron Horse Auto, Inc. v.
       Lititz Mut. Ins., 283 Kan. 834, 839, 156 P.3d 1221 (2007).

If an insurance policy is ambiguous, the ambiguity is construed against the insurer. See
Lee Builders, Inc. v. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co., 281 Kan. 844, 858, 137 P.3d 486
(2006).

Bases for an Award of Attorney Fees

       Kansas applies the traditional American rule for attorney fees: our courts will not
assess attorney fees absent a statute authorizing an award of fees or an agreement
between the parties. Snider v. American Family Mut. Ins. Co., 297 Kan. 157, 162, 298
P.3d 1120 (2013); Unruh v. Purina Mills, 289 Kan. 1189, 1200, 221 P.3d 1130 (2009).
Providing a statutory basis for the recovery of fees "is the legislature's prerogative, and it
is not [the] court's place to change these rules." George v. Capital South Mortg.
Investments, Inc., 265 Kan. 431, 459, 961 P.2d 22 (1998).

       By Statute

       The Kernses rely on K.S.A. 60-1703 and K.S.A. 60-1711 as statutory authority for
granting fees. K.S.A. 60-1703 states:

               "Further relief based on a declaratory judgment may be granted whenever
       necessary or proper. The application shall be by petition to a court having jurisdiction to
       grant the relief. If the application is sufficient, the court, on reasonable notice, shall

                                                      8
       require any adverse party whose rights have been adjudicated by the declaratory
       judgment, to show cause why further relief should not be granted." (Emphasis added.)

K.S.A. 60-1711 states: "In any proceeding under [the UDJA] the court may make such
award of costs as may seem equitable and just." The Kernses assert that "costs" referred
to in K.S.A. 60-1711 include attorney fees and expenses incurred in defending against the
declaratory judgment action.

       The Kernses rely on decisions from other states in which fees were awarded in
declaratory judgment actions. In the noninsurance cases cited by the Kernses, the party
claiming fees prevailed in the declaratory judgment action. In the sole insurance case they
cite, R.D. Offutt Co. v. Lexington Ins. Co., 494 F.3d 668, 675 (8th Cir. 2007), the insured
prevailed on an issue of coverage for property losses under North Dakota law which
provided that attorney fees may be awarded against an insurance company in a
declaratory judgment action when coverage exists under the insured's policy. The court in
Offutt cited State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Sigman, 508 N.W.2d 323, 326-27 (N.D.
1993), wherein the North Dakota Supreme Court explained:

       "Litigation between an insurance company and its insured to determine coverage presents
       a unique situation. The insured pays premiums to receive protection, not a lawsuit from
       its insurer. When the insured gets that policy protection only by court order after
       litigating coverage, it is both 'necessary' and 'proper' to award attorney fees and costs to
       give the insured the full benefit of his insurance contract." (Emphasis added.)

       A similar holding was obtained in Elliott v. Donahue, 169 Wis. 2d 310, 324-25,
485 N.W.2d 403 (1992), in which the Wisconsin Supreme Court concluded that
"supplemental relief under [the Wisconsin declaratory judgment statute] may include a
recovery of attorney fees incurred by the insured in successfully establishing coverage
under an insurance policy." (Emphasis added.)

                                                     9
       The parties moving for fees in all of the Kernses' cited cases had their rights
adjudicated in the declaratory judgment action and prevailed. In the insurance cases, the
insureds prevailed in their claims for coverage under their policies of insurance. But here,
the Kernses merely obtained a dismissal without prejudice of Alliance's declaratory
judgment action. They did not obtain a judgment declaring that Alliance owed them
additional benefits under the UM provision of the Alliance policy. Indeed, at the time of
dismissal, they readily admitted that the issue of UM coverage was still pending in
Missouri, and that issue was ultimately decided against them by the circuit court in
Missouri. K.S.A. 60-1703 is predicated upon a party's rights having been adjudicated in
the declaratory judgment action. No such adjudication occurred here in the Kansas case.
The case was merely dismissed without prejudice.

       Further, the plain language of the UDJA does not authorize a district court to
award fees to parties who successfully defend against a declaratory judgment action. We
find no reference in the UDJA to attorney fees. When the legislature intends to provide
for the recovery of attorney fees, it knows very well what language to use in the statute to
achieve that end.

       Although K.S.A. 60-1711 states that "costs" are permitted, statutes that allow for
attorney fees state it explicitly. See, e.g., K.S.A. 16-1305 (in an action for violating a
lawn and garden dealership agreement, the supplier will be liable to the retailer for "the
actual costs of the action, including attorney, paralegal and expert witness fees"); K.S.A.
23-9,313 (under Uniform Interstate Family Support Act, "[a]ttorney fees may be taxed as
costs"); K.S.A. 26-509 (in eminent domain proceedings when the jury's verdict is greater
than the appraiser's award, "the court may allow as court costs an amount to be paid to
the landowner's attorney as attorney fees"); K.S.A. 50-505 (in injunction action for unfair
trade practices relating to dairy products, the court shall assess against the defendant "the
costs, including reasonable attorney's fees").

                                              10
       Further, our Supreme Court has explicitly rejected the notion that "costs" include
attorney fees. Legislative Coordinating Council v. Stanley, 264 Kan. 690, Syl. ¶ 5, 957
P.2d 379 (1998).

               "Attorney fees are not a part of costs, absent express statutory authority. See Wolf
       v. Mutual Benefit Health & Accident Association, 188 Kan. 694, 700, 366 P.2d 219
       (1961). Attorney fees may be chargeable as costs where specific statutory provisions
       allow recovery. See Allison v. Board of Johnson County Comm'rs, 241 Kan. 266, 269,
       737 P.2d 6 (1987). Where the legislature uses the word 'costs,' it means the fees and
       charges of the court such as filing fees, fees for service of process, and the like. See
       Divine v. Groshong, 235 Kan. 127, 141, 679 P.2d 700 (1984)." Legislative Coordinating,
264 Kan. at 703.

Kansas does not stand alone in this holding. Other states have held that "costs" do not
include attorney fees. See Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, P.A. v. Dixon, 141
Idaho 537, 112 P.3d 825 (2005) (holding Idaho UDJA does not provide authority to
award attorney fees in a declaratory action); Trs. of Ind. Univ. v. Buxbaum, 315 Mont.
210, 69 P.3d 663 (2003) (holding Montana UDJA provision allowing court to make
award of costs does not authorize an award of attorney fees); Pub. Entity Pool v. Score,
658 N.W.2d 64 (S.D. 2003) (holding no provision in South Dakota's Declaratory
Judgment Act allows for an award of attorney fees to the prevailing party); Soundgarden
v. Eikenberry, 123 Wash. 2d 750, 871 P.2d 1050 (1994) (holding that "costs" under the
UDJA does not include attorney fees).

       But the Kernses also look to K.S.A. 40-908 as a statutory basis for an award of
fees. K.S.A. 40-908 provides:

               "That in all actions now pending, or hereafter commenced in which judgment is
       rendered against any insurance company on any policy given to insure any property in
       this state against loss by fire, tornado, lightning or hail, the court in rendering such
       judgment shall allow the plaintiff a reasonable sum as an attorney's fee for services in

                                                     11
       such action including proceeding upon appeal to be recovered and collected as a part of
       the costs: Provided, however, That when a tender is made by such insurance company
       before the commencement of the action in which judgment is rendered and the amount
       recovered is not in excess of such tender no such costs shall be allowed."

       In their motion for attorney fees, the Kernses contended that the insurance policy
covered loss by "fire, tornado, lightning, or hail and, thus, K.S.A. 40-908 entitled them to
attorney fees."

       "PART D—COVERAGE FOR DAMAGE TO YOUR AUTO" of the Alliance
policy stated:

       "INSURING AGREEMENT
       "A.       We will pay for direct and accidental loss to 'your covered auto' or any 'non-
                 owned auto', including their equipment, minus any applicable deductible shown
                 in the Declarations. If loss to more than one 'your covered auto' or 'non-owned
                 auto' results from the same 'collision', only the highest appli-cable deductible will
                 apply. We will pay for loss to 'your covered auto' caused by:
                 "1.     Other than 'collision' only if the Declarations indicate that Other Than
                         Collision Coverage is provided for that auto.
                         ....
                         "Loss caused by the following is considered other than 'collision':
                         ....
                         "6.      Hail, water or flood."

       While the Alliance policy covered losses to the insured auto caused by hail, water,
or flood, the district court found that the Kernses did not obtain a judgment against
Alliance and, therefore, the court concluded that K.S.A. 40-908 did not entitle the
Kernses to attorney fees.

                                                     12
       On appeal, the Kernses argue that it makes no difference whether a money
judgment was entered against Alliance or whether a judgment of dismissal was entered
against Alliance. They mistakenly equate the dismissal without prejudice of the
declaratory judgment action with a victory for them on the merits.

       In Hamilton v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 263 Kan. 875, 953 P.2d 1027 (1998),
the Kansas Supreme Court considered the application of K.S.A. 40-908 in a case in
which the insurer denied coverage for property damage to the insured's home. The
insured successfully sued the insurer on the policy. When the district court denied the
insured's motion for attorney fees, the insured appealed. In reversing the district court's
denial of fees, our Supreme Court held:

               "We conclude K.S.A. 40-908 is designed to provide for attorney fees for the
       homeowner upon successful suit under the policy absent a tender by the insurance
       company. Fees shall be allowed as a part of the costs under the statute where the
       homeowner obtains judgment for a covered loss under the homeowner's policy, which
       judgment is in excess of any amount tendered by the insurance company before
       commencement of the action. Application of the statute is not dependent upon the type of
       loss incurred. Rather, providing all conditions of the statute are met, costs, including
       reasonable attorney fees, are awarded where policy coverage for the loss incurred by the
       insured homeowner exists." (Emphasis added.) 263 Kan. at 882.

       The Kernses rely on Bussman v. Safeco Ins. Co. of Am., 298 Kan. 700, 729, 317
P.3d 70 (2014), in which the Kansas Supreme Court reiterated that to recover attorney
fees under K.S.A. 40-908, an insured must demonstrate that a judgment was rendered
against an insurance company on any policy that insures property against loss by fire,
tornado, lightning, or hail.

       But in our present case, the district court did not render a judgment against
Alliance on the nature and extent of UM coverage under its policy. The court simply

                                                    13
dismissed the action without prejudice. The Kernses did not obtain a judgment against
Alliance, and the district court's ruling did not affect the substantive right of the parties.
The only ruling on the merits of the issue was by the circuit court in Missouri, which
determined that the Kernses had no claim for additional benefits under the Alliance
policy beyond the amount already paid.

       Besides, the dismissal of the declaratory judgment action did not result in the
Kernses' recovery of a judgment in excess of Alliance's pre-suit tender of $100,000.
K.S.A. 40-908 specifically requires an insured seeking fees to show that the insured
obtained a judgment for an amount in excess of a pre-suit tender by the insurer. This did
not happen here.

       Based on the foregoing analysis, we find no statutory basis to support the Kernses'
claim for attorney fees.

       By Agreement

       The Kernses argue that the district court erred in finding the insurance policy did
not entitle them to attorney fees incurred in defending against Alliance's declaratory
judgment action. They based their claim for fees before the district court on "PART A—
LIABILITY COVERAGE" of the policy.

       "INSURING AGREEMENT
       "A.    We will pay damages for 'bodily injury' or 'property damage' for which any
              'insured' becomes legally responsible because of an auto accident. Damages
              include pre-judgment interest awarded against the 'insured'. We will settle or
              defend, as we consider appropriate, any claim or suit asking for these damages.
              In addition to our limit of liability, we will pay all defense costs we incur. Our
              duty to settle or defend ends when our limit of liability for this coverage has been
              exhausted by payment of judgments or settlements. We have no duty to defend

                                                   14
               any suit or settle any claim for 'bodily injury' or 'property damage' not covered
               under this policy.
               ....
       "SUPPLEMENTARY PAYMENTS
       "We will pay on behalf of an 'insured':
               ....
               "5.     Other reasonable expenses incurred at our request."

The Kernses also relied on a provision found in "PART E—DUTIES AFTER AN
ACCIDENT OR LOSS" of the policy:

       "B.     A person seeking any coverage must:
               "1.     Cooperate with us in the investigation, settlement or defense of any claim
                       or suit."

The district court denied the Kernses' motion for fees, finding that the insurance policy
did not entitle the Kernses to attorney fees incurred in defending against Alliance's
declaratory judgment action.

       Alliance did not bring its declaratory judgment action to determine whether it had
a duty to defend the Kernses against or indemnify the Kernses for a third-party liability
claim. On appeal, the Kernses assert that the insurance policy entitled them to attorney
fees because, regardless of the purpose, they successfully defended against Alliance's
declaratory judgment action. The Kernses rely on Upland Mutual Insurance, Inc. v. Noel,
214 Kan. 145, 519 P.2d 737 (1974), to support this assertion.

       In Upland Mutual, the insurance policy provided liability coverage and obligated
the insurer to pay on behalf of the insured all sums which the insured shall become
legally obligated to pay as damages because of bodily injury or property damage. The
policy also provided that with respect to liability coverage, the insurer was required to

                                                   15
pay all reasonable expenses incurred by the insured at the insurer's request. The insurer
brought an action to have the court declare that the insurer owed no duty to defend
against a specific third-party claim against its insured. The district court determined that
the insured was entitled to fees for defending against the declaratory judgment action, and
our Supreme Court agreed.

       "In this case the trial court ruled that Upland Mutual is obligated to pay the Noels'
       attorney fees incurred in the declaratory judgment suit . . . because the filing of this suit
       constituted a 'request' by Upland and therefore the company is obligated under its policy
       to reimburse the insured Noels for all reasonable expenses incurred at the company's
       request." 214 Kan. at 152.

       But in our present case, contrary to the situation in Upland Mutual, Alliance's
declaratory judgment action did not involve an interpretation of the duty to defend and
indemnify against a third-party claim under PART A of the policy. To the contrary, the
declaratory judgment action here involved Cherity's first-party claim for additional
benefits under the UM coverage found in PART C of Alliance's policy. There is no
"request" language found in PART C to support the recoupment of fees as is found in
PART A.

       The Kernses rely on Great West Casualty Company v. See, 185 F. Supp. 2d 1164
(D. Nev. 2002); Standard Accident Ins. Co. of Detroit, Mich. v. Hull, 91 F. Supp. 65
(S.D. Cal. 1950); Occidental Fire and Casualty Co. v. Cook, 92 Idaho 7, 435 P.2d 364
(1967); Security Mutual Casualty Co. v. Luthi, 303 Minn. 161, 226 N.W.2d 878 (1975),
as support for an award of fees under the policy. But those cases all involved fees
incurred by an insured in a declaratory judgment action to determine whether the insurer
had the duty to defend the insured against a specific third-party liability claim. Those
cases address a different insuring agreement of the policy and do not apply to a
controversy over first-party coverage for UM benefits.

                                                     16
       As a final argument, the Kernses assert in their reply brief that, "[w]hen the
insurance company sues for declaratory judgment and is unsuccessful, the insured
shouldn't be 'out' anything." They argue that "there was never any reason whatsoever for
the Declaratory Judgment action to have been filed because all of the issues were pending
in another Court." Ironically, that other court ultimately ruled against the Kernses. But
Alliance contended in that suit that it did not engage in business in Missouri and,
consequently, the circuit court in Missouri did not have jurisdiction over it. Alliance
contends that the district court in Kansas was the proper forum for the insurer and insured
to litigate their coverage dispute. The coverage issue arose under a Kansas policy issued
by a Kansas company to Kansas residents and involved a collision in Kansas between
Kansas drivers. Thus, there was a sound basis for Alliance to seek to litigate the coverage
question in Kansas rather than in Missouri.

       Based upon this analysis, we find neither a statutory basis nor an agreement
between the parties for the payment of attorney fees under the circumstances of this case.
Accordingly, the district court did not err in denying the Kernses' motion for attorney fees
incurred in defending against Alliance's declaratory judgment action.

       Following oral argument of this case, the Kernses filed their motion pursuant to
Supreme Court Rule 7.07(b) (2017 Kan. S. Ct. R. 50) for attorney fees incurred in
connection with this appeal. Under the circumstances, and in view of the outcome of this
appeal, that motion is denied. Alliance has also moved for fees. Their fee application is
based on Supreme Court Rule 7.07(c). We find that Alliance is entitled to attorney fees
pursuant to this provision of our Supreme Court's rules, and we award attorney fees for
Alliance's counsel on appeal in the sum of $6,908.

       Affirmed. Appellants' motion for attorney fees on appeal is denied. Appellee's
motion for attorney fees on appeal is granted. Alliance is awarded attorney fees on appeal
in the sum of $6,908.

                                              17