Court Opinion

ID: 2684902
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-07-21 12:00:39.296274+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:14:36.979441
License: Public Domain

In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                         No. 11-130 C
                                     (Filed July 18, 2014)

 RETURN MAIL, INC.,                              )
     Plaintiff,                                  )
            v.                                   )
                                                 )
 THE UNITED STATES,                              )
                                 Defendant.      )

                                            ORDER

       On February 28, 2011, plaintiff filed its Complaint in this suit seeking
reasonable and entire compensation under 28 U.S.C. § 1498(a) for the alleged
unauthorized use and manufacture by or for the United States Postal Service (USPS)
of certain methods and systems for providing address change services which are
asserted to infringe claims 39 through 44 of plaintiff’s U. S. Patent Number 6,826,548
(the ’548 Patent).

       Proceedings in this litigation have progressed through a claim construction
opinion issued October 4, 2013, and a schedule for further proceedings leading to a
trial commencing on June 8, 2015. Docs. 54, 58.

      On April 15, 2014, the USPS filed a petition with the Patent Trial and Appeal
Board (PTAB) for post-grant review of the ’548 Patent under Section 18 of the
America Invents Act (AIA), Pub. L. No. 112-29, 125 Stat. 284, 329-31 (2011). Doc.
60, Ex. A.1/

      1/
           The initial paragraph of the USPS Petition reads as follows:

             Under 35 U.S.C. § 321, § 18 of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA),
      and 37 C.F.R. § 4.300, the United States Postal Service (Petitioner or USPS) requests
      covered business method patent post-grant review of claims 39-44 of U.S. Patent No.
      6,826,548 (the ’548 patent, attached as Exhibit 1001), issued to Ralph Mitchell
      Hungerpiller and Ronald C. Cagle on November 30, 2004, as amended by Ex parte
      Reexamination Certificate No. 7964 (attached as Exhibit 1002) on January 4, 2011,
                                                                                     (continued...)
      The patent owner has the right to file a preliminary response to the petition and
the PTAB must “determine whether to institute a trial” within a maximum of six
months of the filing of the petition. Office Patent Trial Practice Guide, 77 Fed. Reg.
48,756-57 (Aug. 14, 2012), 35 U.S.C. § 323.

      AIA § 18(b)(1)-(2) provides:

      (b) Request for stay.—

        (1) In general.—If a party seeks a stay of a civil action alleging
      infringement of a patent under section 281 of title 35, United States
      Code, relating to a transitional proceeding for that patent, the court shall
      decide whether to enter a stay based on—

            (A) whether a stay, or the denial thereof, will simplify the issues
      in question and streamline the trial;

            (B) whether discovery is complete and whether a trial date has
      been set;

             (C) whether a stay, or the denial thereof, would unduly prejudice
      the nonmoving party or present a clear tactical advantage for the moving
      party; and

              (D) whether a stay, or the denial thereof, will reduce the burden
      of litigation on the parties and on the court.

        (2) Review.—A party may take an immediate interlocutory appeal
      from a district court’s decision under paragraph (1). The United States
      Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall review the district court’s
      decision to ensure consistent application of established precedent, and
      such review may be de novo.

      1/
        (...continued)
      assigned on its face to Return Mail, Inc. (Patent Owner).

                                             -2-
       Also on April 15, 2014, the USPS, relying on the above-quoted AIA § 18(b)(1)
as a standard, filed a motion to stay proceedings in this litigation pending post-grant
review of the patent-in-suit before the PTAB. Doc. 60. Defendant, citing Landis v.
N. Am. Co., 299 U.S. 248, 254 (1936), bases its stay motion on “the inherent power
of this Court to control its docket” noting that AIA § 18(b)(1) is expressly addressed
to suits brought under 35 U.S.C. § 281, whereas the pending suit was brought under
28 U.S.C. § 1498. Doc. 60 at 4-5. Defendant asserts that, in exercising its inherent
power, AIA § 18(b)(1) in effect “provides the standard by which a party may seek a
stay of an action for patent infringement while a CBM [covered business method]
proceeding is pending.” Doc. 60 at 5.

        In support of a stay, defendant addresses the four factors listed in AIA §
18(b)(1). Defendant argues that a stay will simplify the issues in question and
streamline the trial assuming that the PTAB grants its petition and subsequent
proceedings result in cancellation of some or all of the asserted Patent Claims 39-44.
Defendant also relies on the estoppel impact of AIA § 18(a)(1)(D) to note that if the
PTAB proceeding results in a written decision that a claim is valid over USPS’s
asserted invalidity grounds, the invalidity ground could not then be asserted by USPS
in this litigation. Defendant agrees to the application of this provision. Tr. at 19 (Jul.
2, 2014).

      Defendant argues that discovery in this litigation is not complete and trial is not
scheduled to commence for some eleven months.

      As to prejudicial and tactical advantage, defendant argues that PTAB
proceedings are time-limited and a stay would not result in prejudice to plaintiff or
advantage to defendant.

        With respect to reducing the burden of litigation on the parties and the court,
defendant argues that transferring activity to the PTAB will alleviate existing
demands on the court and if the PTAB were to grant the USPS’s petition and, in
ensuing proceedings, invalidate all of the asserted claims of the patent-in-suit the
litigation would terminate. If PTAB proceedings instead confirm the validity of
claims 39 through 44 of the patent-in-suit, then USPS agrees that proceedings will not
include any issue of invalidity asserted by USPS during the CBM proceeding.

                                           -3-
       Plaintiff opposes defendant’s motion for a stay pending CBM review. Plaintiff
argues that “[g]iven the AIA’s focus on private litigation, there is no evidence that
CBM Review was ever intended to include government entities.” Doc. 62 at 4-5.
The fact that defendant must rely on the court’s inherent power to control its docket
as the basis for granting a stay in this litigation is argued to support the position that
defendant lacks standing to seek a CBM review.2/

       Plaintiff argues that a stay will not simplify the issues in this litigation and that
the defendant’s arguments in its PTAB petition are largely duplicative of those
covered in the prior Ex Parte Reexamination proceedings. Plaintiff notes that
proceedings in this litigation have progressed to the point where discovery has
commenced, a claim construction order has been issued and a trial date set. Plaintiff
argues that, issuing a stay would disrupt the substantial progress and subject plaintiff
to additional delay. Plaintiff considers defendant’s motion for a stay to comprise a
tactical move to advantage defendant and prejudice plaintiff by delaying the
resolution of the litigation. Moreover, plaintiff asserts that it is unlikely that CBM
review, if instituted, would resolve all issues in this litigation so that the litigation
burden to the parties would not be significantly reduced.

       Upon consideration of the comprehensive briefs filed by the parties and the
helpful oral argument on July 2, 2014, it is concluded that a ruling on the motion to
stay, pending CBM review by the PTAB, shall be deferred pending a decision by the
PTAB whether to grant the USPS’s pending petition. This conclusion is reached by
considering the relatively advanced status of proceedings in this litigation and the
ruling in VirtualAgility, Inc. v. Salesforce.com, Inc., ___ F.3d ___, 2014 WL 3360806
(Fed. Cir. 2014), recognizing that it is not error for a trial court to wait until the PTAB
makes its decision on instituting CBM review before ruling on a motion to stay
proceedings pending CBM review. See 2014 WL 3360806 at *9.

       2/
          In reply, defendant notes that “CBM reviews simply require a related case in which the
petitioner has been sued for infringement of the subject patent. See AIA § 18(a)(1)(B); 37 C.F.R.
§ 42.302(a).” Doc. 63 at 6. To illustrate that the AIA related suit requirement does not exclude
infringement actions in the Court of Federal Claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1498, the institution of
an Inter Partes review trial based on a related Court of Federal Claims case is cited as follows: “See
BAE Sys. v. Cheetah Omni, LLC, IPR2013-00175, Paper 15 (P.T.A.B. July 3, 2013) (attached as Ex.
C [Doc. 63]) (related to Cheetah Omni, LLC v. United States, No. 11-255 C (Fed. Cl. filed April 22,
2011).”

                                                -4-
       Where, as here, an issue is raised as to standing to seek CBM review, a
decision by the PTAB on the USPS’s petition will be helpful and relevant with
respect to resolution of the pending stay motion. Of course, if USPS’s petition were
not granted, the stay issue becomes moot. If the petition were to be granted, the case
for a stay becomes stronger. Id.

      In these circumstances it is ORDERED:

     (1) Proceedings on Defendant’s Motion to Stay Proceedings Pending CBM
Review by the PTAB, Doc. 60, shall be suspended until the PTAB issues a decision
on whether to institute the requested review; and

       (2) Within 20 days following PTAB’s decision, were it to initiate a CBM
review with respect to asserted claims 39 through 44 of the ’548 Patent, absent
agreement by the parties as to the disposition of the pending motion for a stay, the
parties shall file supplemental briefs, not to exceed 10 pages, relative to the impact,
if any, of the PTAB’s decision on the issue of a stay.

                                               s/ James F. Merow
                                               James F. Merow
                                               Senior Judge

                                         -5-