Court Opinion

ID: 4047259
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-29 00:22:00.400746+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:04:48.005118
License: Public Domain

ACCEPTED
                                                                               03-14-00328-CR
                                                                                      4102522
                                                                     THIRD COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                AUSTIN, TEXAS
                                                                          2/11/2015 9:48:04 AM
                                                                             JEFFREY D. KYLE
                                                                                        CLERK
                    No. 03-14-00328-CR
__________________________________________________________
                                                     FILED IN
                                              3rd COURT OF APPEALS
       IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD      AUSTIN, TEXAS
                   DISTRICT OF TEXAS          2/11/2015 9:48:04 AM
__________________________________________________________
                                                JEFFREY D. KYLE
                                                      Clerk
                   ISREAL REYES SR., Appellant

                                  v.

               THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
__________________________________________________________

On Appeal from the 207th Judicial District Court of Comal County, Texas
                       Cause No. CR2012-427
           Honorable Jack Robison, District Judge Presiding
 __________________________________________________________

                  BRIEF FOR THE STATE
__________________________________________________________

                                                          Jennifer Tharp
                                                Criminal District Attorney

                                                                        By
                                                        Christine Rankin
                                                          SBN: 24044716
                                               Assistant District Attorney
                                         150 N. Seguin Avenue, Suite #307
                                                           (830) 221-1300
                                                       Fax (830) 608-2008
                                              New Braunfels, Texas 78130
                                           E-mail: rankic@co.comal.tx.us
                                                    Attorney for the State

                  Oral Argument Is Requested

                                   i
 IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL

          Appellant – Isreal Reyes Sr.

         Appellee – The State of Texas

          Attorneys for the Appellant

                 Joseph Garcia
                 200 N. Seguin
            San Antonio, TX 78130
           For the Appellant at Trial

                Richard Wetzel
         1411 West Avenue, Suite 100
               Austin, TX 78701
          For the Appellant on Appeal

          Attorneys for the Appellee

                Christine Rankin
      Assistant Criminal District Attorney
Comal County Criminal District Attorney’s Office
       150 N. Seguin Avenue, Suite 307
         New Braunfels, Texas 78130
  Attorney for the State at Trial and on Appeal

                       ii
                                              Table of Contents

Identity of Parties and Counsel ................................................................................. ii

Table of Contents ..................................................................................................... iii

Index of Authorities ...................................................................................................v

Statement of the Case.................................................................................................1

Statement of Facts ......................................................................................................2

THERE IS SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SHOW THAT APPELLANT
THREATENED THE COMPLAINANT WITH IMMINENT BODILY INJURY..7

                  Summary of the Argument ....................................................................7

                  Standard of Review................................................................................7

                  Authorities ...........................................................................................10

                  Argument .............................................................................................11

THERE WAS SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE OF CR2012-428 AND APPELLANT’S
LINK TO THAT CASE AS THE PERSON CONVICTED.. .................................15

                  Summary of the Argument ..................................................................15

                  Authorities ...........................................................................................16

                  Argument .............................................................................................17

                  Evidence of Appellant’s Prior Conviction in CR2012-428.................17

                  Judicial Notice of CR2012-428 ...........................................................25

                                                            iii
THE JUDGMENT IS VALID UNDER WILLIAMS V. STATE ..............................30

                   Summary of the Argument ..................................................................30

                   Authorities ..........................................................................................30

                   Argument .............................................................................................32

THE COURT SHOULD REFORM THE JUDGMENTS TO REFLECT THE
APPELLANT’S “NOT GUILTY” PLEAS .............................................................35

                   Summary of the Argument ..................................................................35

                   Argument .............................................................................................35

Prayer .......................................................................................................................36

Certificate of Service ...............................................................................................37

Certificate of Compliance ........................................................................................37

                                                              iv
                                            Index of Authorities
                                               Statutes & Rules

23 Tex. Jur. 2d, Evidence, Sec. 298, p.51 ................................................................ 25

24 Tex. Jur. 3d, Crim. Law, § 2980, p. 155 ............................................................. 25

35 Tex. Jur. 3d, Evidence, § 63, p. 109 ................................................................... 25

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. 42.08 ...................................................................... 1, 26

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. 36.13 ............................................................................ 8

Tex. Penal Code Ann. §22.02 ................................................................................... 1

Tex. Penal Code Ann. §46.03 .................................................................................... 1

Tex. R. Evid. 201 ..................................................................................................... 25

                                                        Cases

Baker v. State, 187 S.W. 949 (1916) ....................................................................... 25

Banks v. State, 708 S.W.2d 460 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986) ..................................31, 32

Bridges v. State, 468 S.W.2d 451 (Tex. Crim. App. 1971) ..................................... 33

Calloway v. State, 240 S.W. 553 (1922) .................................................................. 25

Cortez v. State, 08-02-00363-CR, 2004 WL 178587
(Tex. App.—El Paso Jan. 29, 2004, pet. ref’d).......................................................... 9

Druery v. State, 225 S.W.3d 491 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) ..........................19, 22, 27

Dunn v. State, 242 S.W. 1049 (1922) ...................................................................... 25

                                                            v
Ervin v. State, 331 S.W.3d 49 (Tex. App.—Houston
[1st Dist.] 2010, pet. ref’d) ........................................................................................ 8

Goodman v. State, 66 S.W.3d 283 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001) ...................................... 9

Hardison v. State, 450 S.W.2d 638 (Tex.Cr.App.1970) .......................................... 25

Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979) .................................................................. 8

Jacobs v. State, 294 S.W.3d 192 (Tex. App.-Texarkana
2009, pet. ref'd) ........................................................................................................ 26

Kiffe v. State, 361 S.W.3d 104 (Tex. App.—Houston
[1st Dist.] 2011, pet. ref’d)...............................................................................8, 9, 15

Kubosh v. State, 241 S.W.3d 60 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) .................................25, 26

Lane v. State, 174 S.W.3d 376 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] 2005, pet. ref’d) ...................................................................................... 9

Laster v. State, 275 S.W.3d 512 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009) ......................................... 9

Olivas v. State, 203 S.W.3d 341 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) .....................10, 11, 13, 14

Margraves v. State, 34 S.W.3d 912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) .................................... 9

McGowan v. State, 664 S.W.2d 335 (Tex. Crim. App.
1984) ..................................................................................................................10, 17

Miller v. State, 33 S.W.3d 257 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) .......................16, 17, 24, 25

Mungaray v. State, 188 S.W.3d 178 (Tex. Crim. App.
2006) ............................................................................................................16, 17, 24

Splawn v. State,160 S.W.3d 103 (Tex. App. – Texarkana
2005, pet. ref’d) ........................................................................................................ 35

                                                             vi
State v. Gray, 158 S.W.3d 465 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) ......................................... 16

State v. Ross, 32 S.W.3d 853 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) ............................................ 16

Turner v. State, 733 S.W.2d 218 (Tex. Crim. App.
1987) ........................................................................................................................ 24

Vennus v. State, 282 S.W.3d 70 (Tex. Crim. App.
2009) ........................................................................................................................ 28

Watenpaugh v. State Teacher’s Retirement System,
51 Cal. 2d 675 (1959) ............................................................................................... 27

Ward v. State, 523 S.W.2d 681 (Tex. Crim. App.
1975) ................................................................................... 16, 24, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34

Watkins v. State, 245 S.W.3d 444 (Tex. Crim. App.
2008) ........................................................................................................................ 33
Will. v. State, 675 S.W.2d 754 (Tex. Crim. App.
1984) .......................................................................................................30, 31, 32,33

Wilson v. State, 677 S.W.2d 518 (Tex.Cr.App.1984) .............................................. 25

                                                              vii
                          STATEMENT OF THE CASE

      On September 12, 2012, in Cause Number CR2012-427 in the 207th Judicial

District Court of Comal County, Texas, the Grand Jury returned a two count

indictment against Appellant, Isreal Reyes Sr. Count I of the indictment charged

Appellant with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, a second degree felony

with a range of punishment from two to twenty years in prison. Count II of the

indictment charged appellant with unlawful possession of a firearm, a third degree

felony, with a range of punishment of two to ten years in prison. CR at 6; Tex. Pen.

Code §22.02 and §46.03.

      On April 2, 2014, a jury found Appellant guilty of both offenses of

aggravated assault with a deadly weapon and unlawful possession of a firearm as

alleged in the indictment. CR at 44-73; RR Vol. IV at 4.

      Prior to trial, Appellant had elected for the court to assess his punishment in

the event he was convicted. RR. Vol. II at 7. On May 19, 2014, the court heard

punishment evidence. RR. Vol. IV at 1. After hearing evidence and arguments of

counsel on punishment, the court assessed Appellant's punishment for Count I at a

term of ten years in the Institutional Division of the Texas Department of Criminal

Justice to run consecutive with the sentence imposed in CR2012-428. The court

assessed punishment for Count II at a term of five years in the Intuitional Division

of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice to run concurrent with the sentences

                                         1
imposed in CR2012-428. CR at 44-73, RR Vol. V at 75. On May 19, 2014, those

sentences were imposed in open court. RR. Vol. V at 75.

      Appellant had previously been tried in CR2012-428 approximately seven

months prior to trial in the instant case. Appellant’s trial in CR2012-428 was held

in the same court, before the same judge, and with the same attorneys for the State

and the defense. In that case, the jury found Appellant guilty of a first degree

felony, aggravated assault with serious bodily injury against a family member, and

two third degree felonies, endangering a child and unlawful possession of a

firearm. RR. Vol. III at 170, State’s Exhibits 28-30. The jury sentenced Appellant

to twenty years and ten years confinement in the Texas Department of Criminal

Justice, respectively.

      Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal. CR at 42. Appellant now seeks an

acquittal for his judgment in count I, aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.

Appellant's Brief at 11. Appellant also seeks reformation of the judgment

cumulating his sentences. Appellant’s Brief at 16.

                           STATEMENT OF FACTS

      On January 15, 2012, Billie Jean McCann and Appellant resided together in

Comal County, Texas. Their residence was an RV travel trailer with a kitchen and

a bedroom. State’s Exhibit 1A at 2:00. The two were in a dating relationship and

McCann was pregnant with Appellant’s child. RR. Vol. II at 203-4.

                                         2
      When McCann came home from a birthday party on January 15, 2012, she

and Appellant began arguing. They were the only two residents in the home that

afternoon. RR. Vol. III at 74,86-87. Each accused the other of infidelities. RR. Vol.

III at 86, 96. Appellant was particularly upset over his airbrush gun and blamed

McCann for ruining it. State’s Exhibit 1A at 2:10. Appellant felt that McCann had

purposely distracted him from cleaning the airbrush gun earlier in the week. Id.

      During this argument, Appellant sat at the kitchen table with a loaded .38

caliber revolver in his lap. Id. at 4:00. McCann was laying in bed roughly five feet

from Appellant. State’s Exhibit 21 at 41:00; RR. Vol. III at 76; RR. Vol. V at 60.

Appellant’s anger was escalating as the loaded gun sat in his lap. State’s Exhibit

1A at 4:00. At some point during their argument, Appellant picked up the .38 with

one hand. RR. Vol. V at 60. He then pulled the trigger, firing the gun and hitting

the bedpost of the bed where McCann lay. Id.; State’s Exhibit 1A at 5:00; State’s

Exhibit 21 at 41:00. Appellant acknowledged that the gun firing was not

accidental. RR. Vol. V at 60. McCann, who was not yet asleep when Appellant

shot at her, heard the shot ring out. RR. Vol. III at 74-5, 86-7. After the bullet

struck the bedpost, Appellant blamed his actions on McCann by saying she

provoked him. State’s Exhibit 1A at 5:00.

      McCann was in fear and scared immediately after Appellant shot at her. RR.

Vol. III at 65-6; State’s Exhibit 22 at 41:00. She believed he had shot at her to

                                         3
scare her. RR. Vol. III at 64. She told Appellant that shooting at the bed she was

sleeping in was the same as shooting at her. State’s Exhibit 22 at 41:00. She then

ran to her mother’s house. RR. Vol. III at 104.

      In the days following the shooting, McCann’s mother, Deidra McCann,

confronted Appellant for shooting at her daughter and for having firearms in the

residence. Id. Deidra McCann assisted her daughter with completely moving out of

Appellant’s RV. Id. She was aware of Appellant’s history of verbal arguments and

wanted McCann to move away from Appellant and focus on her pregnancy. Id at

110, 127.

      McCann eventually reconciled with Appellant and the two continued their

dating relationship. The relationship was on-again-off-again and the two argued

more over accusations of cheating. State’s Exhibit 21 at 24:00. One night in June

of 2012, Appellant’s anger escalated to rage. McCann had moved out again and

was now nine months pregnant. He made threats to kill her and burn down the

residence where she was staying. Id. at 27:00. He threatened to kill her if she did

not leave her cell phone for him in the mailbox. Id. at 29:00.

      However, McCann did not leave her cell phone in the mailbox as ordered.

Appellant drove to her residence and another argument ensued. Appellant

continued to make threats to kill both McCann and her dog. Id. at 30:00. On this

occasion, Appellant was carrying a loaded silver Colt .38 revolver with a modified

                                          4
handle. Id. at 38:00. During his argument with McCann, Appellant fired the pistol

in her direction. Id. at 30:00. The bullet struck McCann’s face and she screamed

for her sister to call for help. Id. She was rushed to the hospital for treatment of her

injuries and to deliver her child. RR. Vol. II at 203-04.

      Detective Rex Campbell of the Comal County Sherriff’s Office met McCann

at the hospital to investigate both shootings. Id. CPS also opened an investigation

led by Melinda Hernandez. State’s Exhibit 21 at 24:00. Campbell and Hernandez

interviewed McCann at the hospital and recorded their conversations. State’s

Exhibit 21, 22. RR. Vol. III at 53, 65.

      After interviewing McCann, Campbell obtained an arrest warrant for

Appellant. RR. Vol. II at 204. That warrant was executed June 18, 2012 at

Appellant’s residence on 1078 Scenic Run. Id. at 204-05. The SWAT team assisted

in the execution of the arrest warrant because law enforcement believed that

Appellant intended to commit suicide by cop based on postings Appellant had

made on Facebook. RR. Vol. V at 14, 34; State’s Exhibits 65-67. During the

execution of the warrant, a Colt .38 revolver, along with ammunition, was

recovered from the residence. RR. Vol. II at 204-05; RR. Vol. V at 40.

      Campbell and Hernandez interviewed Appellant after he was apprehended.

State’s Exhibit 1A, 2A. He confessed to shooting at McCann in January of 2012

and June of 2012. RR. Vol. V at 53. They discussed his methamphetamine habit,

                                           5
his arrest and conviction from Hildago County, and his gang affiliation. Id. at 27-

30, 49-52; State’s Exhibits 62, 63.

      In October of 2013, Appellant was tried and convicted for shooting McCann

in the face under cause number CR2012-428. State’s Exhibits 27-30. Appellant

was a felon at the time of both offenses because of his prior burglary conviction

out of Hildago County, Texas. RR. Vol. III at 133; State’s Exhibit 26. Appellant

pled guilty to the charge of unlawful possession of a firearm. State’s Exhibit 27.

The jury assessed Appellant’s punishment at twenty years confinement in the

Texas Department of Criminal Justice for the offense of aggravated assault with a

deadly weapon against a family member. State’s Exhibit 29. He was sentenced to

ten years confinement for endangering a child and unlawful possession of a

firearm, as alleged in Counts II and III of the indictment in that case. State’s

Exhibits 28, 30.

      The trial in the instant case, CR2012-427, began on March 31, 2014. RR.

Vol. I at 1. The jury returned a verdict of guilty on Counts I and II of the

indictment. CR 36, 38; RR. Vol. IV at 4. During the trial on punishment to the

court, Appellant testified about both shootings, his gang affiliation, his

methamphetamine abuse, and his Facebook posts. RR. Vol. V at 44-54. He also

testified about the firearms confiscated from his residence. Id. at 56.

                                          6
      After Appellant testified, both sides rested and closed. Id. at 67. On Count I,

the trial court sentenced Appellant to ten years confinement in prison to run

consecutive with his sentence in CR2012-428. Id. at 75. He was sentenced to five

years incarceration on Count II to run concurrent with all other sentences. Id.

   THERE IS SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SHOW THAT APPELLANT
    THREATENED THE COMPLAINANT WITH IMMINENT BODILY
                           INJURY

                            Summary of the Argument

      In his first point of error, Appellant argues that the evidence is insufficient to

prove that Appellant threatened the complainant with imminent bodily injury.

Appellant's Brief at 7. Appellant incorrectly asserts that the State failed to present

evidence of Appellant’s threat towards McCann. Id. His argument then rests solely

on the claim that McCann did not see Appellant with the pistol and did not see him

point the pistol in her direction. Id. However, there was ample evidence presented

to the factfinder to show a perceived threat consistent with Olivas v. State.

                                Standard of Review

      It is well established in the State of Texas that the jury is the exclusive judge

of the facts in a particular case, that the jury receives the law from the court, and

that the jury is governed by the law received from the court. Tex. Code Crim. Proc.

Ann. art. 36.13 (Vernon's 1981).

                                          7
      After the decision of the Court of Criminal Appeals in Brooks v. State, Texas

appellate courts review legal and factual sufficiency challenges in criminal cases

using the same legal sufficiency standard of review. Kiffe v. State, 361 S.W.3d 104,

107 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, pet. ref’d) (citing Ervin v. State, 331
S.W.3d 49, 54 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. ref’d)). Evidence is only

insufficient if, when considering all the evidence in the light most favorable to the

verdict, “no rational factfinder could have found each essential element of the

charged offense beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. (citing Jackson v. Virginia, 443
U.S. 307, 319 (1979)). While viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to

the verdict, evidence can be insufficient in two circumstances: when the record

contains “no evidence, or merely a ‘modicum’ of evidence, probative of an

element of the offense” or when “the evidence conclusively establishes a

reasonable doubt.” Id. The evidence may also be insufficient when the acts alleged

do not constitute the offense charged. Id. at 108.

      Legal sufficiency review “gives full play to the responsibility of the trier of

fact fairly to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw

reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.” Jackson v. Virginia, 443
U.S. at 319. Reviewing courts determine whether the necessary inferences are

reasonable based on the “combined and cumulative force of the evidence when

viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict.” Kiffe, 361 S.W.3d at 108. Courts

                                          8
will treat direct and circumstantial evidence equally. Id. “[D]irect evidence of a

fact, standing alone and if believed by the jury, is always… sufficient to prove that

fact.” Cortez v. State, 08-02-00363-CR, 2004 WL 178587, at *3 (Tex. App.—El

Paso Jan. 29, 2004, pet. ref’d) (citing Goodman v. State, 66 S.W.3d 283, 286 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2001)); see also Lane v. State, 174 S.W.3d 376, 386 (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. ref’d) (testimony of a child victim, standing alone,

is sufficient to support aggravated sexual assault conviction). “Circumstantial

evidence is as probative as direct evidence in establishing the guilt of an actor, and

circumstantial evidence alone can be sufficient to establish guilt.” Kiffe, 361
S.W.3d at 105. Appellate courts will presume that the factfinder “resolved any

conflicting inferences in favor of the verdict” and defer to that resolution. Id. The

reviewing courts will also defer to “the factfinder’s evaluation of the credibility

and the weight of the evidence.” Id. The factfinder is entitled to accept some

testimony and reject other testimony, in whole or in part. Margraves v. State, 34
S.W.3d 912, 919 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000), abrogated on other grounds by Laster v.

State, 275 S.W.3d 512 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009).

                                          9
                                   Authorities

      In the context of assault by threat, the law requires some evidence of a

threat, while not necessarily requiring a victim to instantaneously perceive the

threat as the actor is performing it. Olivas v. State, 203 S.W. 3d. 341, 348 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2006).

      In Olivas, the Court looked at how the word “threatened” was defined in

Webster’s Dictionary, since the penal code fails to define it. Id. at 345. From

analyzing the various definitions of the word threat, the Court then concluded that

a threat occurs when an “actor utters the threatening words or otherwise initiates

the threatening conduct” and not necessarily when an alleged victim perceives the

threat. Id. The Court next addressed the act of “threatening” in the criminal

context to determine whether the lower appellate court ruled correctly when it

found the evidence insufficient because the victim did not perceive a threat when

the appellant fired the shots at her vehicle. Id. at 347. The Court distinguished

Olivas from McGowan v. State, where no evidence was presented of any threat

before the aggravated assault. Id. (citing McGowan v. State, 664 S.W.2d 335 (Tex.

Crim. App. 1984)).

      After defining what it meant to “threaten” and distinguishing the case from

McGowan, the Court analyzed whether there was any legally sufficient evidence

presented to show the victim perceived a threat. Id. at 349. The Court focused on

                                        10
the evidence presented at trial showing the victim felt threatened by the appellant

on numerous occasions leading up to the charged offense. Id. The Court then

outlined the events which had an impact on the victim’s state of mind to conclude

the victim had in fact perceived a threat when the appellant shot her truck. Id. at

350. The Court also focused on events which occurred on the evening of the

shooting in concluding that there was in fact “ample evidence” that the victim

perceived a threat, despite not seeing the appellant discharge the firearm. Id.

Specifically, the evidence showed that the victim heard the firearm discharge at her

vehicle, looked at her vehicle to determine what had struck her vehicle, called law

enforcement after observing bullet holes in her truck, and was placed in fear by

appellant’s actions. Id. The Court reversed the judgment of the appellate court

concluding that “there is no statutory requirement that a victim must

instantaneously perceive or receive [the] threat of imminent bodily injury as the

actor is performing it” Id. at 350-51.

                                     Arguments

      The fact scenario in Olivas closely parallels that in the instant case. While

McCann did not see Appellant point the firearm in her direction or discharge the

firearm, there is ample evidence of a perceived threat under the Olivas rationale.

The facts and circumstances surrounding the shooting clearly show that McCann

perceived a threat.

                                         11
      At trial, the jury heard evidence of the tumultuous relationship between

Appellant and McCann. The jury heard about the numerous occasions Appellant

had threatened McCann and how angry and upset he was with her on January 15,

2012. State’s Exhibits 21, 22; RR. Vol. III at 65. McCann told Hernandez and

Campbell that she and Appellant were in an argument before he shot at her. RR.

Vol. III at 86, 96; State’s Exhibits 21, 22. Evidence was presented that McCann

was laying in a bed roughly five feet from Appellant when he discharged the

firearm. RR. Vol. V at 60. Furthermore, by his own admissions, Appellant was

angry with McCann at the time he pulled the trigger on the .38 revolver. RR. Vol.

III at 86; RR. Vol. V at 56, 60.

      Appellant was furious with McCann because he believed she was

responsible for ruining his airbrush gun. RR. Vol. III at 86. Appellant also believed

that McCann was cheating on him and was angry about her leaving the house to go

to a party with her cousin. Id. at 96.

      During the argument, Appellant had the .38 revolver on his lap. RR. Vol. V

at 59. Although he claimed that the revolver was only there for protection from

members of the Texas Syndicate who were after him for money, the factfinder

could easily infer that he used the gun on his lap during a fight with his unarmed

wife to show force and threaten her. Id. at 61. The argument over cheating and

Appellant’s claim that McCann had ruined his airbrush gun, along with his anger

                                         12
and his display of the firearm, clearly demonstrated a threat before Appellant

actually pulled the trigger.

      Appellant described himself as being at his breaking point and exploding

when he fired the shot. Although Appellant at trial tried to claim McCann was

sleeping when the shot was fired, McCann testified that she was awake and heard

the shot. RR. Vol. III at 74. Similarly in Olivas, the victim heard shots that

sounded like rocks hitting her car. Olivas, 203 S.W. 3d. at 350. Only later, when

the victim observed bullet holes in the vehicle, did the victim realize that the

sounds she heard were gunshots. Id. Here, McCann knew Appellant had a firearm.

She heard the gunshot when Appellant fired the weapon, and recognized the sound

as a gunshot. RR. Vol. III at 74. She was also aware that the bullet hit the bedpost

of the bed she was lying in. Id. at 75. In this case and Olivas, both victims testified

that they did not see the gun pointed at them or in their direction when the gun was

fired. Nevertheless, in Olivas, the Court still held that the victim “did perceive the

threat made by appellant at the time the offense occurred” Id. If the victim in

Olivas was found to have perceived the appellant’s threat – though not knowing

until sometime later that the sounds she heard were gunshots – McCann clearly

perceived the threat when she heard the gunshot and instantly knew that the bullet

hit the post of her bed.

                                          13
      The circumstances after Appellant shot at McCann show further evidence of

a threat. Just like the victim in Olivas, McCann was frightened and scared after

Appellant shot at her. RR. Vol. III at 65. Alarmed, she looked directly at the

Appellant and immediately confronted him for shooting at her. RR. Vol. III at 76.

She was clearly frightened enough by the shot to run to her mother’s house,

disclose what Appellant had done, and contemplate moving away from Appellant.

Her alarmed mother also confronted Appellant about having guns in the residence

with her pregnant daughter. RR. Vol. III at 104.

      Months after Appellant threatened her with a deadly weapon as she lay in

bed, Appellant shot at her again, this time hitting her in the face. RR. Vol. III at 92.

Appellant’s shooting in McCann’s direction was not an isolated event. The jury in

this case heard about Appellant shooting at McCann in June of 2012 when she was

nine months pregnant. On that occasion, where the two were having an argument,

Appellant threatened to kill McCann and burn down her sister’s residence.

      Because the facts in Appellant’s case parallel – and in some instances,

exceed – those found sufficient by the Court of Criminal Appeals in Olivas v.

State, there was legally sufficient evidence that Appellant threatened McCann.

When viewing the combined and cumulative force of the evidence in the light most

favorable to the verdict, the facts and circumstances before, during, and after

                                          14
Appellant shot at McCann were legally sufficient to prove Appellant’s guilt, and

Appellant’s first point of error should be denied.

     THERE WAS SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE OF CR2012-428 AND
 APPELLANT’S LINK TO THAT CASE AS THE PERSON CONVICTED

                            Summary of the Argument

       In his second point of error, Appellant complains that the court’s order

cumulating his sentence for Count I in CR2012-427 with his sentence in CR2012-

428 is invalid. Appellant’s Brief at 11. He asserts that there is a lack of evidence of

the CR2012-428 conviction and a lack of evidence that Appellant was the person

convicted in that cause number. Id. He claims that “no record evidence of a prior

conviction in CR2012-428 was offered.” Id. at 14.

       However, contrary to Appellant’s arguments, the cumulation order in the

instant case is valid and should be affirmed. First, the cumulation order was

entered in the same court and pronounced by the same presiding judge as the

sentences to which it is made cumulative. Second, there is ample evidence in the

record of the prior conviction in CR2012-428. Third, the record contains sufficient

evidence that Appellant is the same person convicted and sentenced in CR2012-

428.

                                          15
                                     Authorities

      Courts must sustain the trial court’s decision if it is correct on any theory of

law applicable to the case. State v. Gray, 158 S.W.3d 465, 467 (Tex. Crim. App.

2005) (also noting appellate courts will “view the evidence in the light most

favorable to the trial court’s ruling and assume that the trial court made implicit

findings of fact that support its ruling as long as those findings are supported by the

record”) (citing State v. Ross, 32 S.W.3d 853, 855-56 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000)).

      The trial court, in its discretion, may cumulate sentences in accordance with

Tex. Crim. Proc. Code Art. 42.08. Typically, the courts have required some

evidence of the prior conviction to validate the cumulation order. Ward v. State,

523 S.W.3d 682 (Tex. Crim. App. 1975); Miller v. State, 733 S.W.2d 218 (Tex.

Crim. App. 1987); Mungaray v. State, 188 S.W.3d 178 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). As

explained in Miller v. State, all that is required is that some evidence be put before

the court of a previous conviction along with evidence linking the defendant with

that previous conviction. 733 S.W.2d at 221.

      In Miller, the Court validated the cumulation order made by the trial judge.

Miller, 33S.W.3d at 262. The Court utilized the whole record to find sufficient

evidence of the prior conviction and sufficient evidence linking the defendant to

that prior conviction. Id. Specifically, the Court relied on the admissions by the

                                          16
defendant and the counsel for the defendant to effectuate a clear link between the

defendant and the prior conviction.

      In Mungaray v. State, the Court relied on the findings in Miller when finding

the record contained sufficient evidence to establish the defendant was the same

person previously convicted in a different county. 188 S.W.3d at 184. The Court

cited portions of the State’s conversation with Court prior to voir dire, excerpts

from defense’s cross-examination of a witness, the defense’s cross-examination of

a witness, and the trial judge’s dialogue with the state during the pronouncement of

sentence. Id. at 180-84. Despite the fact that the state failed to “present evidence

on two elements of the trial court’s cumulation order” – the cause number and

court number of the prior conviction – the lack of proof of those two elements did

not render the evidence insufficient to support the cumulation order. Id.

                                      Arguments

            Evidence of Appellant’s Prior Conviction in CR2012-428

      Appellant claims that there is “no record evidence of a prior conviction in

CR2013-428.” Appellant’s Brief at 14. However, his claim that no record evidence

exists of his conviction in CR2012-428 begs the question as to whether Appellant

reviewed the record prior to writing his brief. First, State’s Exhibits 28, 29, and 30

were certified copies of the convictions and judgments in CR2012-428. These

exhibits were offered, admitted, and published during the trial in the instant case.

                                         17
RR. Vol. III at 170. State’s Exhibit 28, the judgment for Count III in CR2012-428,

indicates that Appellant pled guilty to the felony offense of unlawful possession of

a firearm, was found guilty of the said offense and was sentenced to ten years

confinement in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. RR. Vol. VI, State’s

Exhibit 28. State’s Exhibit 29, the judgment for Count I in CR2012-428, indicates

that Appellant pled not guilty to the felony offense of aggravated assault with a

deadly weapon against a family member, was found guilty of the said offense by

the jury, and was sentenced to twenty years confinement in the Texas Department

of Criminal Justice. RR. Vol. VI, State’s Exhibit 29. State’s Exhibit 30, judgment

for Count II in CR2012-428, indicates that Appellant pled not guilty to the felony

offense of endangering a child, was found guilty of said offense by the jury, and

was sentenced to ten years confinement in the Texas Department of Criminal

Justice. RR. Vol. VI, State’s Exhibit 30.

      State’s Exhibit 27, an excerpted portion of the official transcript from the

jury trial in CR2012-428, before the 207th District Court Comal County, Texas and

styled the State of Texas vs. Isreal Reyes, Sr., was also offered and admitted during

Appellant’s trial in the instant case. RR. Vol. III at 166. This exhibit specifically

recites the arraignment and plea of Appellant on October 29, 2013 before the

Honorable Jack Robison, presiding. Appellant pled not guilty to Counts I and II,

aggravated assault with a deadly weapon against a family member and endangering

                                            18
a child. Id. Appellant pled guilty to Count III, unlawful possession of a firearm. Id.

Count III in CR2012-428 specifically alleged that Appellant was previously

convicted of the felony offense of Burglary of a Building on the 27 th day of

November, 2006, in case number CR-4276-06-A before the 92nd Judicial District

Court of Hildago County, Texas. Id. Notably, Count II in the instant case also

charged Appellant with an offense of unlawful possession of a firearm. Like Count

III in CR2012-428, Count II in the instant case also alleged Appellant was

previously convicted of the felony offense of Burglary of a Building on the 27 th

day of November, 2006, in case number CR-4276-06-A before the 92nd Judicial

District Court of Hildago County, Texas. RR. Vol. II at 199. Thus, from these

exhibits alone, it is clear that Appellant was previously convicted of aggravated

assault with a deadly weapon against a family member in CR2012-428 before the

207th Judicial District Court of Comal County, Texas and was sentenced to a term

of twenty years in the institutional division of the Texas Department of Criminal

Justice.

      In addition to the exhibits discussed above, the Honorable Jack Robison

presided over both the trial in CR2012-428 and the trial in instant case. As a result,

the sentence in CR2012-428 was discussed throughout the trial in the instant case.

RR. Vol. V at 8, 49, 62, 68, 70, 73.

                                         19
      In the first exchange at trial, the State offered to admit Appellant’s guilty

plea to Count III in CR2012-428. RR. Vol. III at 164. Counsel for the defense

objected to using the plea in the prior case involving different offense dates. Id. at

64. In lodging his objection, the following dialogue occurred between the court and

counsel for the defense:

      The Court: – What prior case?
      Mr. Garcia: – CR-2012-428, State of Texas versus Isreal Reyes. We
      have --
      The Court: That’s not alleged, so how is that even relevant?
      Mr. Garcia: She wants to use the plea from the prior case, from 428.
      The Court: What prior case? You keep saying “prior case.” That
      doesn’t make any sense.
      Mr. Garcia: The one we’ve already tried.
      The Court: Oh, the one we’ve already tried. Oh, well, you anticipated
      that on the issue of what came in on the – yeah, that will be overruled.
      (Id. at 166.)

Counsel for the defense references CR2012-428 by its exact cause number and

then links his client directly to the prior conviction.

      The second exchange occurred during the punishment hearing for the

instant case. The following exchange between the court and counsel for the

defense:

      The Court: – All right. Now, Mr. Garcia, remind me, didn’t he set –
      wasn’t he sentenced by a jury to 20 years?
      Mr. Garcia: – On the previous case, Your Honor.
      The Court: – Yes, that’s right.
      Mr. Garcia: – 20 on the --
      The Court: And then we tried again for the shooting the bedpost.
      Right?
      Mr. Garcia: Correct.
                                           20
      The Court: I remember.
      (RR. Vol. V at 8).

From this exchange, it is clear that the court is inquiring from defense counsel

about Appellant’s punishment in CR2012-428. In response, counsel for the defense

reminded the court that Appellant’s punishment was assessed at twenty years,

which correlates with the sentence of twenty years reflected on State’s Exhibit 29.

      Furthermore, the court interrupted the State’s closing arguments on

punishment to establish the timeline and judgments for the offenses and

convictions in CR2012-428 and the instant case. The following exchange occurred:

      The Court: – This case actually happened before the other one that the
      jury gave him 20 and 10. Right?
      Ms. Rankin: – Yes
      The Court: And that 20 is aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon,
      so --- I mean, aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, so it’s 3g.
      Right?
      Ms. Rankin: That is correct.
      The Court: This is 3g as well, Count I. Got it. So they maxed him –
      the jury maxed him?
      Ms. Rankin: No Your Honor. He was five to 99 because it was also
      SBI and family violence. So the range of punishment in the first case
      was five to 99. The jury returned a sentence of 20 years on Count I.
      The Court: Yeah, and ten on Count II. Right?
      Ms. Rankin: Yes, Your Honor.
      The Court: I looked at it earlier this morning.
      (RR. Vol. V at 68-69).

Again, this exchange clearly refers to the judgments and sentences in CR2012-428.

State’s Exhibits 28-30. Prior to the court cumulating the sentence after the jury’s

finding of guilt in Count I of this indictment, the court sought clarification as to the

                                          21
sentences imposed in CR2012-428. Id. at 70. The State then concluded her first

portion of closing arguments and urged the court to consider assessing a twenty

year punishment for Count I to “run consecutive with the cause number CR-2012-

428” Id.

      During the punishment phase, counsel for the defense objected to the State’s

questions directed to Appellant on relevance grounds. Id. at 57. Counsel for the

defense referenced CR2012-428 when urging his relevance objection by claiming

the court had already heard “punishment and everything” on that separate case

and trial. Id. (emphasis added). Appellant testified regarding his version about how

McCann sustained the injuries to her face. Id. Counsel for the defense continued to

make reference to Appellant’s previous conviction in cause number CR2012-428

while objecting to State’s inquiries during the instant trial, claiming the court had

already heard the evidence in the prior cause number. Id. at 62. The court sustained

defense counsel’s objection stating “[h]e’s already been found guilty of it” and

“the fact finder has already found that he [Appellant] intentionally shot her

[McCann]”. Id.

      Counsel for the defense even pled with the court to consider a low number of

years and concurrent sentences, claiming Appellant already had to serve ten years

before he would be eligible for parole because of his conviction in Count I of

CR2012-428. RR. Vol. V at 73. Nowhere in the record did counsel for the defense

                                         22
refute or even attempt to refute that Appellant was the same person previously

convicted in CR2012-428. Defense counsel never objected to or corrected the court

on any of the numerous times the court referred to Appellant’s conviction in

CR2012-428. There was no objection made claiming the state had not established

that Appellant was in fact the “Isreal Reyes, Sr.” named in the State’s exhibits.

State’s Exhibits 27-30. The defense’s failure to refute the state’s representations –

coupled with the arguments consistent with the state’s assertions – link Appellant

to the conviction in CR2012-428.

      Appellant’s own testimony at trial further links him to the previous

convictions in CR2012-428. First, when he was asked on cross examination how

many times he had been convicted of a felony, Appellant sought clarification as to

whether the State was referring to the “prior conviction that [he] got for the

incident where she got struck in the face.” RR. Vol. V at 49. The complainant

named in the indictment in both CR2012-428 and the instant case is Billie Jean

McCann, Appellant’s familial or household member as defined by the Texas

Family Code. State’s Exhibit 27; CR 6, 7. Count I of CR2012-428 alleged

Appellant caused serious bodily injury, a wound to the chin, to Billie Jean

McCann. State’s Exhibit 27. Count I of instant case alleged that Appellant

threatened Billie Jean McCann with a deadly weapon. CR 6, 7. The “she”

Appellant referenced was Billie Jean McCann. Thus, Appellant clearly

                                         23
acknowledged on cross examination his prior conviction in Count I of CR2012-428

for injuring Billie Jean McCann’s face.

       Appellant also admitted to the prior conviction from November 2006 for the

felony offense burglary of a building, he acknowledged that he had been convicted

of a felony offense on one other occasion. RR. Vol. IV at 50. He also explained

how the revolver used to commit the offenses alleged in the trial in CR2012-428

differed from the revolver discharged in McCann’s direction in the instant case. Id.

at 58-59.

       Cumulative sentences are not void for lack of strict compliance with the five

recommended elements of a cumulation order as set out in Ward v. State, 523 S.W.
2d 681, 682 (Tex. Crim. App. 1975). The court in Miller held that admissions by a

defendant’s counsel are sufficient evidence to link him to prior convictions for the

purpose of cumulating sentences. Miller, 33 S.W.3d at 262. The Court in

Mungarary held that the State’s failure to put forth evidence of two elements listed

in Ward did not result in insufficient evidence to support the cumulated sentence.

Mungaray, 188 S.W.3d at 184. The Courts in Miller and Mungaray refused to

look only to the post-conviction record which would ignore relevant portions of the

trial record.

       The State’s exhibits, assertions by defense counsel, exchanges between the

court, the state, and counsel for the defense, coupled with Appellant’s testimony at

                                          24
trial establish a clear link between Appellant and prior conviction CR2012-428 for

purposes of cumulating sentences. The facts and circumstances set forth in

Mungaray and Miller closely correlate with the facts in the instant case. In light of

those cases and their holdings, it is clear that there is sufficient evidence within the

record to establish that Appellant was the same person convicted and sentenced in

CR2012-428.

                           Judicial Notice of CR2012-428

      The trial court could and did take judicial notice of the prior conviction in

CR2012-428. Even though the trial judge did not explicitly state that he was taking

judicial notice of CR2012-428, he could have taken judicial notice on his own or

by motion of either party. Kubosh v. State, 241 S.W.3d 60, 66-67 (Tex. Crim. App.

2007). The court may formally take judicial notice as allowed by Rule 201 of the

Texas Rules of Criminal Evidence. “In a criminal case, a trial court may notice

judicially all of its own records, including all judgments and convictions entered by

it. 35 Tex. Jur.3d, Evidence, § 63, p. 109; 24 Tex. Jur.3d, Crim. Law, § 2980, p.

155; 31 C.J.S., Evidence, § 50(1), p. 1018; 29 Am.Jur.2d, Evidence, § 57, p. 89;

Baker v. State, 79 Tex. Crim. App. 510, 187 S.W. 949 (1916); Calloway v. State,

91 Tex. Cr. App. 502, 240 S.W. 553 (1922); Dunn v. State, 92 Tex. Cr. App. 126,

242 S.W. 1049 (1922); Hardison v. State, 450 S.W.2d 638 (Tex.Cr.App.1970);

Wilson v. State, 677 S.W.2d 518, 523 (Tex.Cr.App.1984), citing 1 Ray, Tex.

                                          25
Practice, Evidence, § 186, p. 237.” Turner v. State, 733 S.W.2d 218, 221-22 (Tex.

Crim. App. 1987). A trial court may take judicial notice upon request or sua

sponte. Tex. R. Evid. 201(c); Jacobs v. State, 294 S.W.3d 192, 196 (Tex. App.—

Texarkana 2009, pet. ref’d). The court is not required to announce it is taking

judicial notice. Courts may infer the trial court took judicial notice based on its

actions. Kubosh, 241 S.W.3d at 66-67.

      The record clearly shows that the trial court contemplated the twenty year

sentence decided by the jury in CR2012-428. RR. Vol. V at 75. The court justified

a sentence lower than twenty years confinement by differentiating the facts in the

CR2012-428 with the facts of the instant case during his pronouncement of

sentence by stating that “shooting a bedpost is a little less heinous than shooting

your pregnant wife in the face”. RR. Vol. V at 75. The sentence in the instant case

is half of what the jury imposed in CR2012-428. The court sentenced Appellant on

Count I to a term of ten years confinement in the Texas Department of Criminal

Justice “consecutive with the other case” Id. The “other case” which the court

refers to can only refer to the CR2012-428 conviction. It is the only other case that

the court could use its discretion to legally cumulate a sentence in this case in

compliance with Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. 42.08.

      The court also differentiated which counts in the instant case were to run

consecutively with the sentence in CR2012-428 and those that are to run

                                         26
concurrent. The court pronounced sentence for a term of five years confinement for

Count II in current case to run “concurrent with the other cases.” Id. After

assessing punishment, the court stated that “[t]he only one that’s stacked is Count

I, and it’s stacked on the other case. So that will increase your certainty of being in

prison for five years. Under the circumstances, I think that’s fair.” Id. Each and

every time the court, counsel for either side, or even the Appellant himself made

reference to “the other case,” it is clear that the other case was CR2012-428 where

Appellant was convicted of shooting his pregnant wife, McCann, in the face.

                                    Invited Error

      The objections by the defense counsel (supra at 20) not only help to show

the connection between Appellant and prior conviction in CR2012-428, but also

raise a situation of estoppel under the doctrine of invited-error. The “law of invited

error estops a party from making an appellate error of an action it induced.”

Vennus v. State, 282 S.W.3d 70, 74 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009) (citing Druery v. State,

225 S.W.3d 491, 505-06 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007)). “[U]nder [the] invited-error

doctrine, a party who has prevented proof of a fact by his erroneous objection will

not be permitted to take advantage of his own wrong, and the reviewing court will

assume that the fact was duly proved.” Id. at 73 (citing Watenpaugh v. State

Teacher’s Retirement System, 51 Cal. 2d 675 (1959)).

                                          27
      Appellant prevented the State from presenting evidence of Appellant’s prior

conviction in CR2012-428 through his objections. If Appellant had not prevented

the State’s questions, the State would have proved the prior conviction and

Appellant’s link to that conviction through its cross-examination of the Appellant.

Because Appellant effectively conceded that the trial court could take judicial

notice of CR2012-428, that the evidence was already before the court, and that

further evidence on the subject would be repetitious, he may not now on appeal

make an error of action he induced. See Vennus, 282 S.W.3d at 74. Because further

proof of these facts was prevented by Appellant’s ‘repetitious’ objection, the Court

should assume the fact was duly proved to prevent Appellant from taking

advantage of his own wrong. See id. at 73.

                                    Conclusion

      There is record evidence of a prior conviction in CR2012-428. The official

record from the arraignment and plea were offered and admitted along with the

certified judgments from CR2012-428. Counsel for the defense made numerous

references throughout the trial to the twenty year sentence in CR2012-428 and the

specific facts of that case. The state also referenced CR2012-428 throughout the

course of the trial and questioned numerous witnesses, including Appellant, about

                                        28
the facts of that case. The court had dialogue with counsel for both sides clarifying

the exact sentence assessed by the jury in CR2012-428.

      There is record evidence that Appellant is the same Isreal Reyes Senior

convicted in CR2012-428. Appellant himself acknowledged his previous

conviction in CR2012-428, referring to the prior conviction as the one where he

shot the complaining witness in the face. The court also identifies Appellant as the

person previously convicted in CR2012-428 throughout the course of the trial and

through sentencing. Counsel for defense never refuted the assertions made to the

court or State identifying Appellant as the person previously convicted in CR2012-

428, nor did the defense object when the court clearly indicated it had reviewed

that case file and notes when considering that prior offense. In fact, counsel for the

defense acknowledged Appellant’s previous conviction in CR2012-428 when

formulating the basis for his arguments and objections. Appellant also prevented

the State from eliciting said information with his ‘repetitious’ objection –

essentially conceding that the information was already in the record through

judicial notice. He cannot now claim the evidence was insufficient. Accordingly,

there is sufficient evidence to support the cumulation order.

                                         29
        THE JUDGMENT IS VALID UNDER WILLIAMS V. STATE

                            Summary of the Argument

       In his third point of error, Appellant asserts that the cumulation order in the

CR2012-427 judgment is invalid due to the lack of specificity. Appellant’s Brief at

15. He argues specifically that the cumulation order lacks compliance with the five

elements set forth in Ward. Id. Appellant requests that the Court reform the

judgment in Count I allowing the sentence to run concurrent with all other cases.

       While the judgment clearly lacks some of the recommended elements listed

in Ward, the order is still valid and should be affirmed. In the alternative, should

the Court find the cumulation order insufficient, the Court has the authority to

reform the cumulation order to comply strictly with Ward and honor the intentions

of the trial court.

                                     Authorities

       A “cumulation order which refers only to a prior cause number is sufficient

if the order is entered in the same court as the sentence to which it is made

cumulative.” Williams v. State, 675 S.W.2d 754, 764 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). The

Court in Williams initially set aside the cumulation order of the trial court, which

stacked on 99 years to a sentence being served by the appellant, due to lack of

compliance with Ward. Id. at 760. On rehearing, however, the original sentence

and judgment of the trial court was affirmed. The Court found that the term

                                         30
“stacked” in a criminal sentencing is synonymous with the terms cumulative or

consecutive. Id. at 762. Stating that “a better practice in cumulating sentences is to

track the statutory language set out in Art. 42.08,” the Court ultimately held that

using the word “stacked” in the context of a criminal sentencing is sufficient to let

the Texas Department of Corrections know the sentence begins when the sentence

in the prior case ceases to operate. Id. at 763.

      Williams also considered the five recommended elements set forth in Ward.

The trial court in Williams lacked three of the recommended elements. Id. at 764.

Specifically, it failed to list the dates and names of the courts of the previous

convictions, designate the counties where the prior convictions arose, and the

nature of the prior convictions. Id. The Court nevertheless affirmed the original

cumulation order, stating that “a cumulation order which refers only to a prior

cause number is sufficient if the order is entered in the same court as the sentence

to which it is made cumulative.” Id.

      An appellate court can reform a judgment where it has the required data and

evidence before it. In Banks v. State, the Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas

considered whether the San Antonio Court of Appeals decision to reform the

sentence of the trial court from a consecutive to concurrent sentence was proper.

708 S.W.2d 460, 462 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). The San Antonio Court of Appeals

invalidated the cumulation order on grounds of enough information to comply with

                                           31
the rulings in Ward. Id. The cumulation order in Banks neglected to include the

five recommended, elements stating only that the sentence would “run

consecutively (sic) with cause number 80-CR0430-A and 80-CR-0431-A”. Id. at

461. While the order on its face was insufficient, the record contained the

necessary information “to allow the appellate court to accomplish that which was

clearly intended” by the trial court at the time of sentencing. Id. The Court of

Criminal Appeals reviewed the trial record and determined that the record

contained all of the five recommended elements set forth in Ward and reformed the

judgment and sentence to reflect the trial court’s intention to stack the sentences.

Banks at 461-62. Just as appellate courts could reform judgments to reflect an

affirmative finding of a deadly weapon to be “apparent to penitentiary authorities,”

so too could they reform judgments to comply with Ward. Id.

                                    Argument

      The post-conviction judgment for Count I in instant case indicates only that

the sentence is to run consecutively with CR2012-428. Because the same trial court

oversaw both convictions, under Williams, that is all that is required. See 675 S.W.
2d at 763. Additionally, the other four of the Ward recommended elements are

found within the record as a whole. Although the cumulation order does not

included all of the recommended elements set forth in Ward, in light of the holding

in Williams, the cumulation order is still valid and should be affirmed. The judge

                                        32
presiding over CR2012-428 is the same judge that presided over the trial in the

instant case and pronounced the sentence to cumulate with CR2012-428. CR at 5;

State’s Exhibits 27-30. Additionally, this Court’s record in the dismissed appeal

03-14-00446-CR will also show the Honorable Jack Robison was the judge in

CR2012-428, and this Court may take judicial notice of that fact. Bridges v. State,

468 S.W.2d 451; Watkins v. State, 245 S.W.3d 444, 455-56 (Tex. Crim. App.

2008) (stating an appellate court may exercise discretion and take judicial notice of

“adjudicated facts” for the first time on appeal). The cases were both held in the

207th Judicial District Court of Comal County, Texas. The Appellant was

represented at trial by the same attorney in both trials. Since the cumulated

sentences were imposed by the same court, by the same judge, Appellant was

represented by the same attorney, only seven months lapsed between the sentences,

and the cause number was included in the order, the judgment should be affirmed

under Williams. See 675 S.W.2d at 764.

      In the alternative, if the Court would nevertheless require the additional

Ward elements, the Court can reform the cumulation order to include more specific

language to comply with Ward.

      The record before the Court contains the all of the recommended elements

under Ward. The previous trial court number, CR2012-428, is correctly contained

within the cumulation order and is referenced throughout the trial. CR at 43. The

                                         33
correct name of the court, the 207th Judicial District Court of Comal County, and

dates of prior convictions are in the record before the Court. The term of years,

twenty years confinement in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, and nature

of the previous conviction in CR2012-428, aggravated assault with a deadly

weapon against a family member, are also in the record before the Court. RR. Vol.

III at 170; State’s Exhibits 28-30.

      Furthermore, Appellant acknowledges in his brief that the Court has the

authority to reform a judgment to reflect Appellant’s pleas of “not guilty,” the true

pleas entered by Appellant at arraignment. Appellant’s Brief at 16. Under

Appellant’s same rationale, the proper remedy would be to reform the judgment by

adding all of the Ward requisites to reflect the trial court’s true intention in

cumulating the sentence with the sentence imposed in CR2012-428. Appellant

seems to only acknowledge the Court’s authority to reform judgments in ways

which comply with Appellant’s positions.

                                         34
   THE COURT SHOULD REFORM THE JUDGMENTS TO REFLECT
             APPELLANT’S “NOT GUILTY” PLEAS

                               Summary of Argument

         Appellant requests the Court reform the judgments to reflect his pleas of

“not guilty.” The State agrees that the judgments should be reformed to reflect said

pleas.

                                      Argument

         In his fourth point of error, Appellant requests that the judgments reflect

pleas of “not guilty” to Counts I and II of the instant case. Appellant’s Brief at 16.

Appellant suggests reformation of the judgments to reflect Appellant’s “not guilty”

pleas. The State agrees that the judgments should be reformed to reflect

Appellant’s pleas of “not guilty” to Counts I and II of the indictment. RR. Vol. II at

199; CR at 43, 47. The Court has the authority to reform judgments when the

necessary evidence and data is before the Court. Splawn v. State, 160 S.W.3d 103

(Tex. App. – Texarkana 2005, pet. ref’d).

                                          35
                                    PRAYER

       WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, the State respectfully prays

that this Court deny Appellant’s first three points of error and affirm the judgment

of the trial court.

                                             Respectfully Submitted,

                                             /s/ Christine Rankin
                                             Christine Rankin
                                             Assistant Criminal District Attorney
                                             SBN: 24044716
                                             150 N. Seguin Ave., Suite 307
                                             New Braunfels, Texas 78130
                                             Phone: (830) 221-1300
                                             Fax: (830) 608-2008
                                             rankic@co.comal.tx.us

                                             ATTORNEY FOR THE STATE

                                        36
                          CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

      I, Christine Rankin, attorney for the State of Texas, Appellee, hereby certify

that a true and correct copy of this brief has been delivered to the attorney of

record for the opposing party:

Richard Wetzel
wetzel_law@1411west.com
1411 West Avenue, Suite 100
Austin, TX 78701

By electronically sending it to the above email address through efile.txcourts.gov

e-filing service, this 10th day of February, 2015.

                                               /s/ Christine Rankin
                                               Christine Rankin

                       CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

      I, Christine Rankin, hereby certify that this document was prepared in MS

Word and it does not exceed the allowable length for an appellate brief, pursuant to

Tex. R. App. Pro. 9.4, as amended and adopted on November 30, 2012, by Order

of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. The approximate total of words in this

document, as calculated by the word processing software, is 7,882 words.

                                               /s/ Christine Rankin
                                               Christine Rankin

                                          37