Court Opinion

ID: 4460463
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-12-02 21:00:32.460031+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:53:01.276077
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                            DEC 02 2019
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

SANFORD J. WISHNEV, individually                 No.   16-16037
and on behalf of all others similarly
situated,                                        D.C. No. 3:15-cv-03797-EMC

              Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
 v.

THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE
INSURANCE COMPANY,

              Defendant-Appellant.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Northern District of California
                    Edward M. Chen, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted October 16, 2017
                     Submission Withdrawn January 18, 2018
                        Resubmitted November 27, 2019
                           San Francisco, California

Before: IKUTA and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and MOLLOY,** District Judge.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
              The Honorable Donald W. Molloy, United States District Judge for
the District of Montana, sitting by designation.
      The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company (Northwestern Mutual)

appeals the district court’s denial of its motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim

pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b).

      The district court denied Northwestern Mutual’s motion to dismiss based on

its rulings that: (1) Northwestern Mutual was not exempt from the requirement

that “interest shall not be compounded . . . unless an agreement to that effect is

clearly expressed in writing and signed by the party to be charged therewith,” Cal.

Civ. Code § 1916-2 (the disclosure requirement); and (2) Northwestern Mutual

failed to comply with the disclosure requirement. Because California law in this

area was unsettled, we certified two questions respecting these issues to the

California Supreme Court, see Wishnev v. Nw. Mut. Life Ins. Co., 880 F.3d 493,

495 (9th Cir. 2018), which subsequently answered the first of our two questions,

see Wishnev v. Nw. Mut. Life Ins. Co., No. S246541, 2019 WL 5996921 (Cal. Nov.

14, 2019).

      Under the California Supreme Court’s ruling, lenders that are exempt from

restrictions on interest rates under Article XV, section 1 of the California

Constitution, see Cal. Const. art XV, § 1, are exempt from the disclosure

requirement in section 1916-2 of the California Civil Code, Wishnev, 2019 WL

                                            2
5996921, at *11. On appeal, the parties assumed that Northwestern Mutual was an

exempt lender under section 1100.1 of the California Insurance Code at the

relevant time. See id. at *5, 11 n.17. Therefore, under the California Supreme

Court’s ruling, and assuming that Northwestern Mutual was an exempt lender at

the relevant time, Northwestern Mutual is exempt from the disclosure requirement

and Wishnev’s First Amended Complaint fails to state a claim. Because the parties

“assumed that Northwestern Mutual was an exempt lender at all relevant times”

and did not address the question “whether a lender’s designation as exempt under

article XV applies retroactively to a loan that may predate the designation,”

Wishnev, 2019 WL 5996921, at *11 n.17, we vacate the district court’s order so

that it may address this issue in the first instance.

       VACATED with instructions.1

       1
           Each party shall bear its own costs.
                                             3