Court Opinion

ID: 6316073
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-21 08:16:09.44035+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:01:42.108343
License: Public Domain

NUMBER 13-20-00485-CR

                             COURT OF APPEALS

                    THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                      CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

JUSTINE LARAY VILLARREAL,                                                    Appellant,

                                                v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,                                                            Appellee.

                    On appeal from the 377th District Court
                          of Victoria County, Texas.

                           MEMORANDUM OPINION

                 Before Justices Hinojosa, Tijerina, and Silva
                   Memorandum Opinion by Justice Silva

       Appellant Justine Laray Villarreal appeals his conviction for attempted kidnapping,

a state jail felony enhanced to a third-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 15.01

(criminal attempt), 20.03 (kidnapping). By a single issue, Villarreal asserts that the trial

court reversibly erred in admitting hearsay testimony. See TEX. R. EVID. 801. We affirm.
                                               I.       BACKGROUND

           Villarreal was indicted for the offense of attempted kidnapping, alleged to have

occurred on or about December 5, 2019. Villarreal waived his right to a jury trial and

proceeded with a bench trial. The trial court heard testimony from the complainant

M.A.G., 1 a witness to the offense, two Victoria Police Department (VPD) officers, and

Villarreal’s former paramour and her employer. Villarreal did not testify.

           M.A.G., a thirteen-year-old girl, testified that on the morning of December 5, 2019,

she was walking alone to school when she was solicited at a stop sign by an unknown

male in a gray car. M.A.G. said the man exposed his genitals to her, asked her if she

“need[ed] a ride,” and proceeded to masturbate in front of her. M.A.G. immediately

declined and turned around to walk back home. According to M.A.G., the man continued

to follow her in his vehicle, “driving ahead of [her],” and then stopping to “wait[]” for her to

cross his path. M.A.G. testified that she began running “[a]s fast as [she] could.” She ran

on the street, cut through an open field, and changed course several times trying to lose

him. M.A.G. was standing in a residential yard when an unknown male driving “a green

truck” pulled up and asked her if she was okay. “[I]n tears and [in] shock,” M.A.G. was

unable to respond. M.A.G. testified that the man told her that he was on the phone with

the police, and she eventually got into his truck. She said that he tried to catch up to the

gray car to get license plate information but was unsuccessful. He drove M.A.G. to her

middle school, where they waited for the police to arrive. At trial, M.A.G. identified

           1   To protect the identity of the minor child, we refer to the child by her initials. See TEX. R. APP. P.
9.8 cmt.

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Villarreal as her pursuer. M.A.G. testified that the only thing that was going through her

mind throughout the whole ordeal was that Villarreal was going to “[r]ape” her. The trial

court admitted the Child Advocacy Center interview of M.A.G.

       Benito Ozuna Jr. was identified at trial as the driver of the green truck. Ozuna

testified that he had been on his way to work on December 5th when he was forced to

drive around a gray, “[e]arly 2000s,” four-door Chevrolet Impala with tinted windows that

was stopped at a stop sign for a prolonged period. Ozuna testified he also noticed “a

young girl on the sidewalk” near the Impala and “figured maybe they knew each other.”

Ozuna continued to observe their interaction through his rear view mirror as he drove

away. Ozuna witnessed the Impala repeatedly “pass[] the girl up” and then pull up ahead

“where she would have to pass him again.” Ozuna estimated that the driver of the Impala

tried to engage M.A.G. “at least six times.” After Ozuna saw M.A.G. run across the street,

Ozuna dialed 9-1-1 and attempted to intervene. Ozuna found M.A.G. standing in the

middle of a yard “at a standstill, pretty much scared” when he caught up to her. Ozuna

testified that by the time he convinced M.A.G. to get into his truck, the Impala had turned

the street corner, and Ozuna shortly thereafter lost sight of the vehicle. Ozuna described

the driver of the Impala as a “Hispanic or maybe black-Hispanic mix” male “by the look of

the hair.” Ozuna’s 9-1-1 call recording was admitted into evidence without objection,

wherein Ozuna reiterated much of the same statements he testified to at trial, and his

initial interactions with M.A.G. can be heard.

       VPD Officer Haley Watkins testified that on December 5th, she was dispatched to

a nearby middle school after receiving a welfare call concerning a young female. The

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following colloquy, in pertinent part, occurred:

       [State:]             And what was the [caller’s] name, or what—what was
                            the person’s name?

       [Watkins:]           Mr. Ozuna.

       [State:]             Do you recall his first name?

       [Watkins:]           I believe Benito.

       [State:]             And what did he tell you happened?

       [Defense counsel:] Objection, hearsay, Your Honor.

       THE COURT:           Objection is overruled.

       [State:]             You can answer.

       [Watkins:]           I’m sorry. Can you repeat the question?

       [State:]             What did he tell you happened?

       [Watkins:]           He said that he was traveling on East North Street to
                            turn onto Lone Tree, when he observed a female
                            walking towards [the middle school]. And she was
                            stopped by a silver vehicle, a Chevy Impala. And he
                            thought it might have been a parent at first. So he just
                            kept driving. But then he noticed that the female turned
                            back around to walk towards Ben Jordan Street. So he
                            got concerned and turned around and just stopped in a
                            parking lot—I do not recall which parking lot at this time
                            —and just continued to watch the female just to make
                            sure that she was okay.

       [State:]             And did he tell you whether he ultimately picked the
                            female up or not?

       [Defense counsel:] Objection, hearsay, Your Honor.

       THE COURT:           Objection is overruled.

       [Watkins:]           Yes. He said after watching the female and the
                            interaction between the female and the subject in the

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                            Impala that he became concerned. So he went and
                            saw the—the female running away from the vehicle. So
                            he went and followed after, and eventually got to the
                            female on Nelson [S]treet and was able to get the
                            female inside the car and take her to [the middle
                            school]. That’s when he called 9[-]1[-]1.

Watkins’s VPD-issued body camera recording was admitted into evidence without

objection. The footage included Watkins’s questioning of Ozuna, wherein she elicited the

same testimony she testified to at trial.

       VPD Investigator Christina Tate also spoke with Ozuna on December 5th, and her

recorded interview with Ozuna was also admitted into evidence. Tate testified she ruled

out several possible suspects using the vehicle and driver descriptions provided by

M.A.G. and Ozuna before ultimately connecting Villarreal to the offense. In the course of

VPD’s investigation, nearby residents provided footage captured by their home doorbell

camera. The recording was admitted, and M.A.G. can be seen running across a front yard

at approximately 8:31 a.m., followed closely by a slow-moving gray four-door vehicle. The

same vehicle is observed driving the opposite direction at a fast speed trailed by a green

truck at approximately 8:34 a.m.

       Crystal Nuells, Villarreal’s former paramour, testified that in December 2019, she

had just recently begun making payments towards a gray, four-door 2008 Chevrolet

Impala after Villarreal “got into an accident” driving her previous vehicle. Nuells testified

that on the morning of December 5th, Villarreal was helping her distribute newspapers for

her paper delivery route. According to Nuells, they finished at “[l]ike, 7:30 [a.m.], 7:00

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[a.m.]” 2 and returned to her residence at “about 8:00 [a.m.], 8:15 [a.m.].” Nuells fell asleep

soon thereafter, and when she awoke around 1:00 p.m., Villarreal was not home.

Villarreal returned to the residence “[a]round maybe 2:00 [p.m.], 2:30 [p.m.]” claiming to

have been at his mother’s house. Nuells recalled seeing images relating to the kidnapping

investigation and noted that her car matched the description. Nuells testified she asked

Villarreal “about it,” and he just stated “that wasn’t the car.” Nuells opined at trial that she

never considered him as possible suspect because “he has five daughters,” and she did

not “think he would do it.”

        Following a three-day bench trial, Villarreal was found guilty, he pleaded true to an

enhancement paragraph alleging a prior conviction for aggravated assault with a deadly

weapon, and the trial court sentenced Villarreal to ten years’ imprisonment. This appeal

followed.

                                               II.       DISCUSSION

        By his sole issue, Villarreal argues that the trial court “erred when it admitted the

responding officer’s hearsay testimony over objection, causing harm which tipped the

scales, resulting in the finder of fact deciding to convict.”

A.      Standard of Review and Applicable Law

        We review a trial court’s decision to admit objected-to evidence under an abuse of

discretion standard. Colone v. State, 573 S.W.3d 249, 263–64 (Tex. Crim. App. 2019).

        2 Shannon Cash, the newspaper’s circulation manager, testified that Nuells had a distribution

deadline of 6:00 a.m., and although Cash would “get complaints often” from customers on Nuells’s route
when she distributed past the deadline, records indicated that Nuells did not receive any complaints on the
day in question. Cash surmised that it was “statistically” likely that Nuells had met her 6:00 a.m. deadline.

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Unless it is outside the zone of reasonable disagreement, we uphold the trial court’s

ruling. Gonzalez v. State, 544 S.W.3d 363, 370 (Tex. Crim. App. 2018).

      Hearsay is a written or oral statement, other than one made by the declarant while

testifying at the trial or hearing, offered into evidence to prove the truth of the matter

asserted. TEX. R. EVID. 801(a), (d); Patterson v. State, 606 S.W.3d 3, 33 (Tex. App.—

Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2020, pet. ref’d). Hearsay is inadmissible evidence unless

expressly excepted or excluded from this general rule by statute or the rules of evidence.

TEX. R. EVID. 802.

      Admission of inadmissible hearsay, however, constitutes non-constitutional error.

Amberson v. State, 552 S.W.3d 321, 334 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2018, pet.

ref’d); see TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(b). Its admission will be considered harmless if the

reviewing court, “after examining the record as a whole,” is reasonably assured that the

error did not have “a substantial and injurious effect or influence” on the verdict or “had

no or only a slight influence on the verdict.” Amberson, 552 S.W.3d at 334 (quoting

Barshaw v. State, 342 S.W.3d 91, 93 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011)); see TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(b);

see also Prestiano v. State, 581 S.W.3d 935, 944 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2019,

pet. ref’d) (undergoing the same analysis on appeal when reviewing a hearsay objection

made during a bench trial). We consider the following in our examination of the record:

“(1) the character of the alleged error and how it might be considered in connection with

other evidence; (2) the nature of the evidence supporting the verdict; (3) the existence

and degree of additional evidence supporting the verdict; and (4) whether the State

emphasized the error.” Macedo v. State, 629 S.W.3d 237, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 2021).

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B.      Analysis

        Assuming arguendo that the statements here were inadmissible hearsay, 3 for

reasons explored below, we conclude the error was harmless. See id. (“[a]ssuming for

the sake of argument” inadmissible hearsay was admitted and concluding the admission

was harmless non-constitutional error); see also Rodriguez v. State, No. 13-13-00572-

CR, 2015 WL 6395481, at *8 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg Oct. 22, 2015, pet.

ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (same).

        Watkins testified, over Villarreal’s hearsay objection, what Ozuna reportedly told

her that he observed on December 5th. However, Watkins’s reiteration of Ozuna’s

observations was not characteristically harmful, described no actual offense, and did not

identify Villarreal with any particularity. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 20.01 (definitions),

20.03 (kidnapping); Crawford v. State, 562 S.W.3d 106, 111 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–

Edinburg 2018, pet. ref’d); see, e.g., Yanez v. State, 199 S.W.3d 293, 308 (Tex. App.—

Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2006, pet. ref’d) (concluding the admission of hearsay

statements at trial did not affect appellant’s substantial rights when the hearsay

statements connected appellant to a get-away vehicle but were otherwise not “inherently

harmful or prejudicial” and there was other evidence connecting defendant to the offense).

        Moreover, the State elicited the same facts underlying Watkins’s hearsay

        3  The State argues for the first time on appeal that the complained-of statements—the officer’s
recitation of what Ozuna told her—fell under two exceptions to hearsay. See TEX. R. EVID. 803(1) (present
sense impression), (2) (excited utterance). However, it was “incumbent on the State to apprise the trial
court of all hearsay exceptions” at trial. Amberson v. State, 552 S.W.3d 321, 331 (Tex. App.—Corpus
Christi–Edinburg 2018, pet. ref’d) (conducting an “[e]ven if” analysis on rehearing). “Once the opponent of
hearsay evidence makes the proper objection, it becomes the burden of the proponent of the evidence to
establish that an exception applies that would make the evidence admissible in spite of its hearsay
character.” Id. at 327 (quoting Taylor v. State, 268 S.W.3d 571, 578–79 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008)).

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testimony elsewhere. Ozuna testified at trial regarding his own recollections with far more

specificity—describing Villarreal, Villarreal’s vehicle, and what he observed as Villarreal’s

multiple attempts to pursue and force unwanted engagement with M.A.G. The exact

statements Ozuna relayed to Watkins, captured on Watkins’s body camera recording,

were also admitted without objection—as was Ozuna’s 9-1-1 call recording and recorded

interview with Tate, which further included substantially similar statements. See

Prestiano, 581 S.W.3d at 946 (concluding hearsay testimony cumulative of other

evidence in the record was harmless); see also Sanchez v. State, No. 13-18-00370-CR,

2020 WL 2610799, at *4 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg May 21, 2020, pet. ref’d)

(mem. op., not designated for publication) (same); Alcala v. State, No. 13-18-00327-CR,

2019 WL 2529041, at *4 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg June 20, 2019, pet. ref’d)

(mem. op., not designated for publication) (same); Rodriguez, 2015 WL 6395481, at *8

(same).

       Additionally, it does not appear that the State emphasized the error at trial. See

Macedo, 629 S.W.3d at 240. Although the State argued in closing that Ozuna’s testimony

at trial was corroborated by his 9-1-1 call recording and statements to officers, the State

made repeated reference to Watkins’s body camera recording and Tate’s recorded

interview—not Watkins’s complained-of testimony. See id.; see also Taylor v. State, 268

S.W.3d 571, 593 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008) (concluding that although the State argued in

closing that the inadmissible hearsay evidence enhanced the complainant’s credibility

because it showed her story had not changed, such emphasis of the complained-of error

did not render the error harmful).

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       Even without the inadmissible hearsay, there was overwhelming evidence to

support the trial court’s verdict, including M.A.G.’s testimony at trial. See Macedo, 629

S.W.3d at 240; see also Nino v. State, No. 13-18-00641-CR, 2020 WL 1887768, at *2

(Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg Apr. 16, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated

for publication) (“If believed, the [complainant’s] testimony alone is sufficient to support a

guilty verdict.”); Vela v. State, No. 02-16-00330-CR, 2018 WL 2248562, at *3 (Tex. App.—

Fort Worth May 17, 2018, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication)

(concluding the minor complainant’s testimony that appellant had followed her in his

vehicle, asked her to “get in,” tried to reach out of his vehicle to grab her, and then

continued to pursue her by “blocking her way” was “sufficient to prove [appellant]

committed the offense of attempted kidnapping”).

       Therefore, we conclude that any error in admitting the objectionable portion of

Watkins’s testimony would have had but a slight effect if any; thus, the error was

harmless. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(b); Macedo, 629 S.W.3d at 240; Amberson, 552

S.W.3d at 334.

       We overrule Villarreal’s sole issue on appeal.

                                    III.    CONCLUSION

       We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                                 CLARISSA SILVA
                                                                 Justice

Do not publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2 (b).

Delivered and filed on the
17th day of February, 2022.

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