Court Opinion

ID: 4305409
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-08-20 18:28:13.323452+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:35:48.958349
License: Public Domain

J-A17017-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
                                                             OF
                                                        PENNSYLVANIA

                        v.

    TERRY LYNN BOWSER,

                             Appellant.               No. 816 WDA 2017

              Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence, May 4, 2017,
                in the Court of Common Pleas of Mercer County,
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-43-CR-0001082-2016.

BEFORE: OTT, J., KUNSELMAN, J. and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.:                        FILED AUGUST 20, 2018

        Terry Lynne Bowser appeals from the judgment of sentence entered,

after pleading guilty to four counts of persons not to possess, use,

manufacture, control, sell or transfer a firearm.1    After careful review, we

affirm.

        The trial court summarized the relevant facts as follows:

              Initially, [Bowser] had been charged with over 40 counts
           of sex related offenses, where the two victims were under
           the age of 13. The co-defendant in this case, the mother of
           the victims, previously pled guilty to several of the sex
           related crimes and was sentenced to a total sentence of 35
           to 70 years.

              While [Bowser’s] case was pending, [his] phone
           conversations from the Mercer County Jail were recorded
           including [Bowser’s] conversations regarding possession of
____________________________________________

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(a)(1).
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          the firearms in question. For a variety of reasons the
          Commonwealth and [Bowser] agreed to amend the
          Information to add the gun charges and allow [Bowser] to
          plead to those charges, dismissing all of the sex offenses at
          the time of the plea. [Bowser] entered a no contest plea on
          March 2017.

Trial Court Opinion, 8/30/2017, 1-2.

       After sentencing, Bowser filed a motion to withdraw his no contest plea

on May 15, 2017.        Bowser filed this motion pro se despite having private

counsel of record. In this motion, Bowser alleged he was not guilty of the

firearm violations; that he was threatened and coerced to plead guilty by the

prosecution, and that plea counsel provided him with ineffective assistance of

counsel. After conducting a hearing, the trial court denied Bowser’s motion

to withdraw his plea on June 2, 2017. On June 6, 2017, Bowser filed a pro se

notice of appeal.2

____________________________________________

2 The trial court notes that Bowser filed his appeal one day late. See Trial
Court Opinion, 8/30/2017, at 2. While it does appear that Bowser’s appeal
was filed one day late, he is entitled to the benefit of the prison mailbox rule.
See Pa.R.A.P. 121(a) (providing that “[a] pro se filing submitted by a prisoner
incarcerated in a correctional facility is deemed filed as of the date it is
delivered to the prison authorities for purposes of mailing or placed in the
institutional mailbox, as evidenced by a properly executed prisoner cash slip
or other reasonably verifiable evidence of the date that the prisoner deposited
the pro se filing with the prison authorities.”) Here, there is no evidence in
the record indicating when Bowser delivered his notice of appeal to prison
authorities. However, it is obvious that, having been docketed one day after
the 21-day filing period ended, the notice of appeal must have been submitted
to the prison authority for mailing by the 21st day, June 5, 2017, at the latest.
Accordingly, we regard Bowser’s June 6, 2017, notice of appeal as timely.

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       New private counsel entered his appearance on Bowser’s behalf on

September 12, 2017.         On October 16, 2017, Bowser filed an application for

remand so that he could file an amended notice of appeal and 1925(b) Concise

Statement. In his brief to this Court, Bowser, in addition to his original issue,

attempted to raise two new issues nunc pro tunc. In an order per curiam, this

panel explained that it is constrained by law to consider only issues raised in

Bowser’s original 1925(b) statement.3 Both Bowser and the trial court have

complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

       The single issue Bowser raised in his initial concise statement of errors

is as follows:

          1. The Trial Court Erred when the Trial Court denied
             [Bowser’s] Motion to Withdraw a Guilty Plea.

Bowser’s Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal, 8/15/17.

       This Court has held that a defendant has “no absolute right to withdraw

a guilty plea, and the decision as to whether to allow a defendant to do so is

a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court.” Commonwealth v.

Pollard, 832 A.2d 517, 522 (Pa. Super. 2003).           “A trial court’s decision

regarding whether to permit a guilty plea to be withdrawn should not be upset

absent an abuse of discretion.” Commonwealth v. Pardo, 35 A.3d 1222,

1227 (Pa. Super 2011). In order to withdraw a guilty plea after sentencing,

the accused must demonstrate prejudice that results in manifest injustice.

____________________________________________

3For purposes of the motion, we treated this appeal as timely. See n.2
supra.

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Commonwealth v. Vance, 546 A.2d 723 (Pa. Super. 1988). “A plea rises to

the level of manifest injustice when it is entered into involuntarily,

unknowingly, or unintelligently.” Commonwealth v. Muhammad, 794 A.2d

378, 383 (Pa. Super. 2002).

     In denying Bowser’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea, the trial court

reasoned as follows:

           After a hearing on June 2, 2017, the Court issued an
        order denying [Bowser’s] motion to withdraw his guilty plea.
        As stated in the order, this court found during the hearing
        that [Bowser] had not met his burden of proof to establish
        manifest injustice, allowing a withdrawal of his no contest
        plea after sentencing. “A defendant must demonstrate that
        manifest injustice would result if the court were to deny his
        post-sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea.”
        Commonwealth v. Broden, 980 A.2d 124, 129 citing
        Commonwealth v. Flick, 802 A.2d 620, 623 [(Pa. Super.
        2002).] [Bowser] offered no evidence or testimony of
        manifest injustice and relied on his unverified motion, which
        the Court believed to be insufficient.

           In his motion, [Bowser] claimed innocence, that he was
        coerced by the prosecution and that his own counsel was
        ineffective. As he did not offer more evidence or testimony,
        [Bowser’s] claim of innocence is insufficient. [Bowser’s]
        claim that he was coerced by the prosecution and that
        counsel was ineffective is in direct contradiction with his
        testimony at the plea colloquy. At the plea colloquy,
        [Bowser] was specifically asked under oath if anyone had
        coerced him into agreeing to the plea, to which he answered
        no. He was also asked if he was satisfied with the services
        of his attorneys, to which [Bowser] answered yes. In that
        [Bowser] provided no additional evidence or testimony in
        regard to these claims, his motion was insufficient.

           The Court also noted that the plea agreement provided
        for 41 sexual offenses being nol prossed, that no member
        of [Bowser’s] family or fiancé would be prosecuted [for the

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          firearms charges], and saved him additional years of
          incarceration and his family from potential incarceration.

             The Court also found that the Commonwealth would be
          prejudiced if the no contest plea were withdrawn. The
          victims in this case would be traumatized and because of
          their relocation, their availability to testify would be in
          question. Further, the co-defendant in this case who had
          agreed to cooperate has been sentenced and the
          Commonwealth has lost any leverage it would have gained
          from her cooperation.

Trial Court Opinion, 8/30/2017, at 3-4. (unnecessary capitalization omitted).

        Our review of the record supports the trial court’s conclusion.4 Within

his appellate brief, Bowser argues specifically that the trial court erred in

denying his motion to withdraw his guilty plea because his plea was induced

by his counsel’s ineffectiveness and therefore was involuntary.

       The Grant rule provides that ineffectiveness claims generally should be

deferred until post-conviction review. Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d

726, 738 (Pa. 2002).          Furthermore, only our Supreme Court may create

exceptions to the Grant rule. Commonwealth v. Liston, 977 A.2d 1089,

1093 (Pa. 2009). In Commonwealth v. Holmes, 79 A.3d 925 (Pa. 2013),

our Supreme Court recognized two valid exceptions to the rule of PCRA review

deferral. The Court articulated that ineffectiveness claims can be presented

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4 We note that the trial court briefly addressed the merits of Bowser’s
ineffectiveness of counsel claim and subsequently denied his motion to
withdraw his guilty plea. Although we agree with the trial court’s conclusion
to deny the motion, the trial court should have refrained from ruling on the
merits and instead deferred Bowser’s claim to PCRA review.

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in post-sentence motions and on direct appeal under the following limited

circumstances:

            First, we appreciate that there may be extraordinary
        circumstances where a discrete claim (or claims) of trial
        counsel ineffectiveness is apparent from the record and
        meritorious to the extent that immediate consideration best
        serves the interests of justice; and we hold that trial courts
        retain their discretion to entertain such claims.

            Second, with respect to other cases and claims, . . .
        where the defendant seeks to litigate multiple or prolix
        claims of counsel ineffectiveness, including non-record-
        based claims, on post-verdict motions and direct appeal, we
        repose discretion in the trial courts to entertain such claims,
        but only if (1) there is good cause shown, and (2) the
        unitary review so indulged is preceded by the defendant's
        knowing and express waiver of his entitlement to seek PCRA
        review from his conviction and sentence, including an
        express recognition that the waiver subjects further
        collateral review to the time and serial petition restrictions
        of the PCRA. In other words, we adopt a paradigm whereby
        unitary review may be available in such cases only to the
        extent that it advances (and exhausts) PCRA review in time;
        unlike the so-called Bomar exception, unitary review would
        not be made available as an accelerated, extra round of
        collateral attack as of right. This exception follows from the
        suggestions of prior Court majorities respecting review of
        prolix claims, if accompanied by a waiver of PCRA review.

Holmes, 79 A.3d at 563-64 (internal citations and footnotes omitted).

     Here, Bowser fails to argue how his claim falls within either one of the

above mentioned circumstances which would allow us to hear his grievance

on its merits at this time. Therefore, Bowser’s challenge to the effectiveness

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of counsel must await collateral review.5 See generally, Commonwealth

v. Kennedy, 151 A.3d 1117 (Pa. Super. 2016) (explaining this Court may

affirm a trial court’s ruling on any basis). Thus, we dismiss Bowser’s

ineffectiveness claim without prejudice, to his ability to raise this claim in a

petition for post-conviction relief.

       Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 8/20/2018

____________________________________________

5  In Holmes, the Court reasoned that there is a presumption that
ineffectiveness claims should be “reserved for collateral attack.” Holmes, 79
A.3d at 577 n.10. Further “the Court warned against trial courts appointing
new counsel post-verdict to search for ineffectiveness claims.” Knox, 165
A.3d at 928 (citing Holmes, at 577 n.10). Thus, although this Court has
discretion in addressing these claims, Bowser’s current counsel entered his
appearance post-verdict and asserted alleged inadequacies of plea counsel,
which exacerbates the already heavy presumption for deferring his
ineffectiveness claims to PCRA review.

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