Court Opinion

ID: 856072
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-03-25 14:17:13.804098+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:22:41.955833
License: Public Domain

ELECTRONIC CITATION: 2013 FED App.0001P (6th Cir.)
                               File Name: 13b0001p.06

            BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL OF THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

In re: CREEKSIDE SENIOR APARTMENTS,                 )
       L.P., et al.,                                )
                                                    )     No. 12-8023
            Debtors.                                )
______________________________________              )

                        Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
                             for the Eastern District of Kentucky
                                      Case No. 10-53019

                                   Argued: February 12, 2013

                               Decided and Filed: March 25, 2013

     Before: HARRIS, HUMPHREY, and PRESTON, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel Judges.

                                    ____________________

                                           COUNSEL

ARGUED: Ellen Arvin Kennedy, DINSMORE & SHOHL LLP, Lexington, Kentucky, for
Appellants. Daniel E. Hitchcock, WYATT, TARANT & COMBS, LLP, Lexington, Kentucky, for
Appellee. ON BRIEF: Ellen Arvin Kennedy, DINSMORE & SHOHL LLP, Lexington, Kentucky,
Robert D. Gordon, CLARK HILL PLC, Birmingtham, Michigan, for Appellants. Daniel E.
Hitchcock, WYATT, TARANT & COMBS, LLP, Lexington, Kentucky, for Appellee.

                                    ____________________

                                          OPINION
                                    ____________________

       ARTHUR I. HARRIS, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel Judge. The debtors in five jointly
administered Chapter 11 cases (“Debtors”) and their general partners (“General Partners”)
(collectively, “Appellants”) appeal the bankruptcy court’s dismissal of the Debtors’ cases pursuant
to 11 U.S.C. § 1112(b). For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
                                    I.   ISSUES ON APPEAL

        The issue presented by this appeal is whether the bankruptcy court abused its discretion in
dismissing the Debtors’ jointly administered Chapter 11 cases “for cause” pursuant to 11 U.S.C.
§ 1112(b).

                    II. JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

        The Bankruptcy Appellate Panel of the Sixth Circuit (“Panel”) has jurisdiction to decide this
appeal. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky has authorized appeals
to the Panel, and no party has timely elected to have this appeal heard by the district court. 28 U.S.C.
§ 158(b)(6), (c)(1). A final order of the bankruptcy court may be appealed as of right pursuant to
28 U.S.C. § 158(a)(1). For purposes of appeal, a final order “ends the litigation on the merits and
leaves nothing for the court to do but execute the judgment.” Midland Asphalt Corp. v. United
States, 489 U.S. 794, 798, 109 S. Ct. 1494, 1497 (1989) (citations omitted). An order granting a
motion to dismiss a Chapter 11 case “for cause” is final for purposes of appeal. AMC Mortg. Co.
v. Tenn. Dep’t of Revenue (In re AMC Mortg. Co.), 213 F.3d 917, 920 (6th Cir. 2000).

        The dismissal of a bankruptcy case “for cause” is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Mitan
v. Duval (In re Mitan), 573 F.3d 237, 241 (6th Cir. 2009). “An abuse of discretion occurs only when
the [trial] court relies upon clearly erroneous findings of fact or when it improperly applies the law
or uses an erroneous legal standard.” Kaye v. Agripool, SRL (In re Murray, Inc.), 392 B.R. 288, 296
(B.A.P. 6th Cir. 2008) (citation omitted). “The question is not how the reviewing court would have
ruled, but rather whether a reasonable person could agree with the bankruptcy court’s decision; if
reasonable persons could differ as to the issue, then there is no abuse of discretion.” Barlow v. M.J.
Waterman & Assocs., Inc. (In re M.J. Waterman & Assocs., Inc.), 227 F.3d 604, 608 (6th Cir. 2000).

                                                  -2-
                                           III.   FACTS

       The Debtors in this appeal are five single asset real estate debtors. The Debtors filed for
relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in September and October 2010. Pursuant to an
October 2010 order, the cases were jointly administered.

       Each of the Debtors is a Kentucky limited partnership with a corresponding general partner,
an administrative limited partner, and an investor limited partner. The Debtors are as follows:

       10-53019        In re Creekside Senior Apartments, Limited Partnership
       10-53298        In re Nicholasville Greens, Limited Partnership
       10-53300        In re Franklin Place Senior Apartments, Limited Partnership
       10-53301        In re Pennyrile Senior Apartments, Limited Partnership
       10-53346        In re Park Row Senior Apartments, Limited Partnership

Each Debtor owns a parcel of real property on which it operates a low-income housing apartment
complex (“LIHTC Properties”). The LIHTC Properties were developed in conjunction with the
federal Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program. See 26 U.S.C. § 42. In exchange for agreeing
to rent and occupancy restrictions, the program provides a 10-year stream of tax credits to the owner
of the property. A property must remain in compliance with the LIHTC Program for fifteen taxable
years. 26 U.S.C. § 42(i). During this compliance period, tax credits may be recaptured from the
taxpayer. 26 U.S.C. § 42(j). In the cases currently on appeal, the LIHTC Properties were put into
service in 2005 and 2006, and the tax credit recapture periods expire in 2019 and 2020.

       In order to acquire and/or construct the LIHTC Properties, the Debtors obtained financing
from Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank”). As security for these loans, the Bank took a first mortgage
lien on the Debtors’ LIHTC Properties. All five notes matured before the Debtors filed for
bankruptcy relief.

       In November 2010, the Debtors filed an application to employ an appraiser to value the
LIHTC Properties. The Debtors asserted that ascertaining the values of the properties was vital to
proposing a joint plan of reorganization. The bankruptcy court approved the Debtors’ application
to employ on December 3, 2010.

                                                  -3-
       Between December 2010 and February 2011, each Debtor made two small adequate
protection payments to the Bank pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 362(d)(3). These payments totaled $15,000
for all five LIHTC Properties. The Debtors have not made any adequate protection payments since
February 2011.

       On March 4, 2011, the Appellants filed a motion for a valuation hearing on the LIHTC
Properties (“Valuation Motion”). The Appellants again asserted that determination of the values of
the Bank’s secured claims was vital to formulation of a Chapter 11 plan.

       The bankruptcy court granted the Appellants’ Valuation Motion and conducted a valuation
hearing on August 18, 2011. The bankruptcy court issued an order setting the value of the Debtors’
LIHTC Properties (“Valuation Order”) on September 12, 2011. The bankruptcy court concluded
that, for purposes of determining the value of the secured portion of the Bank’s claims pursuant to
11 U.S.C. § 506(a), a determination of the fair market value of the Debtors’ LIHTC Properties
included consideration of the remaining federal low-income housing tax credits. After considering
all the evidence, the bankruptcy court set the following values for the Debtors’ real properties:

 LIHTC Property                            Value of Real         Value of Tax      Total Value
                                              Estate               Credits

 Creekside Senior Apartments                  $708,718.67          $350,000        $1,058,718.67
 Nicholasville Greens Townhomes               $307,475.86          $160,000          $467,475.86
 Franklin Place Senior Apartments             $371,244.42          $445,000          $816,244.42
 Pennyrile Senior Apartments                  $446,188.44          $755,000        $1,201,188.44
 Park Row Senior Apartments                   $727,427.01          $865,000        $1,592,427.01

(Valuation Order at 23-28, Bankr. Case No. 10-53019, ECF No. 252.)

       On September 26, 2011, the Appellants filed a notice of appeal of the Valuation Order. (BAP
Case No. 11-8072) (“Creekside I”). The Panel affirmed the bankruptcy court’s Valuation Order on
June 29, 2012. See In re Creekside Senior Apartments, LP, 477 B.R. 40 (B.A.P. 6th Cir. 2012).

                                                 -4-
       The Chapter 11 plan confirmation process in these cases has been protracted. The Appellants
filed several motions to extend the exclusivity period for filing a plan or soliciting acceptances of
the plan, partially because the parties disagreed about the value of the Bank’s interest in the LIHTC
Properties. The Appellants also filed a total of four disclosure statements and plans, none of which
the bankruptcy court approved or confirmed. The bankruptcy court based its refusal to confirm a
plan in part on the Appellants’ failure to properly value the LIHTC Properties or propose meaningful
repayment of the Bank’s debt before expiration of the tax credit recapture period.

       The Appellants filed their first proposed joint plan of reorganization and disclosure statement
in March 2011, five to six months after the cases were filed. In this plan, the Appellants proposed
valuing the Bank’s secured claims at the bankruptcy court’s valuation hearing and paying the Bank’s
secured claims on a monthly basis. The payments were to be amortized over a thirty-year period
with a balloon payment due on the seventh anniversary of the plan’s effective date.

       The Appellants proposed classifying the Bank’s unsecured deficiency claims separately from
the general unsecured claims even though the proposed treatment for both classes was identical. The
Appellants proposed paying both classes quarterly payments amortized over thirty years with a
balloon payment on the fifteenth anniversary of the plan. In addition, both classes could select the
alternative unsecured claim treatment in lieu of quarterly payments. The alternative treatment
consisted of a lump sum payment on the plan’s effective date which was equal to an unspecified
percentage of each creditor’s allowed claim.

       In August 2011, the Appellants filed an amended joint plan of reorganization and an amended
disclosure statement. The amended plan provided for essentially the same treatment of the Bank’s
secured and unsecured claims as the first proposed plan. The only noticeable alterations were that
the first amended plan specified that (1) the lump sum payment available to unsecured creditors
under the alternative plan treatment would equal 35% of the allowed unsecured claim and (2) the
unsecured creditors would be paid simple interest fixed at the rate applicable to federal judgments.
See 28 U.S.C. § 1961.

                                                 -5-
        Despite the issuance of the Valuation Order on September 12, 2011, the Appellants failed
to amend their plan or disclosure statement to reflect the values set by the bankruptcy court until
ordered to do so in February 2012. Responding to that order, the Appellants filed a second amended
plan and a second amended disclosure statement in March 2012. Pursuant to the terms of this plan,
the Appellants proposed remitting monthly payments to the Bank in an amount necessary to amortize
the balance of the Bank’s claims over thirty years plus simple interest at the non-default rate. These
payments would begin after the tax credit recapture period expired and would continue until the tenth
anniversary of the plan’s effective date. On the tenth anniversary, the Appellants proposed remitting
a lump sum payment of the then outstanding principal and interest to the Bank for all five LIHTC
Properties.   Prior to expiration of the tax credit recapture period, the Appellants proposed
compensating the Bank, on a monthly basis, in an amount equal to (1) a portion of the remaining tax
credits for Pennyrile and Park Row; and (2) the entire value of the remaining tax credits for
Creekside, Franklin Place, and Nicholasville Greens. According to the plan’s terms, the value of the
tax credits for the latter three properties was equal to the value of the tax credits as set forth in the
bankruptcy court’s Valuation Order.

        As for the Bank’s unsecured claims, the Appellants again proposed classifying the Bank’s
unsecured claims separately from the other general unsecured creditors although the treatment of
both classes was identical. The Appellants proposed making quarterly payments to the Bank equal
to an amount necessary to amortize the unsecured claims over a period of thirty years.

        The values of the LIHTC Properties set forth in the Appellants’ second amended disclosure
statement did not reflect the values of the Properties set forth in the Valuation Order.

        Property                Valuation Order            Second Amended           Bank’s Proof of
                                     Value                    Disclosure                Claim
                                                          Statement Secured
                                                                Claim
 Creekside                            $1,058,718.67               $993,090.67          $1,272,589.35
 Nicholasville Greens                   $467,475.86               $437,478.86            $714,857.43
 Franklin Place                         $816,244.42               $732,805.42            $863,467.53

                                                   -6-
 Pennyrile                          $1,201,188.44              $500,498.14           $466,294.67
 Park Row                           $1,592,427.01            $1,092,937.59         $1,037,461.15

The amounts that the Appellants proposed to pay the Bank for the Bank’s undersecured claims on
the Creekside, Nicholasville, and Franklin Place LIHTC Properties revealed a combined drop in
value of the secured claims of over $170,000. On the Pennyrile and Park Row LIHTC Properties,
the Appellants only proposed to increase the Bank’s oversecured claims by approximately $90,000
combined.

       In April 2012, the Appellants filed their third amended plan and third amended disclosure
statement. With respect to the payments due on the Bank’s allowed secured claims under the plan,
the third amended plan provided for essentially the same treatment as the second amended plan. The
only differences were the amortization periods.

       As for the unsecured claims, the Appellants proposed making payments on the Bank’s claims
for Creekside, Franklin Place, Pennyrile, and Park Row for the full principal amount of the allowed
unsecured claims plus interest at the rate applicable to federal judgments. These quarterly payments
would be calculated by amortizing the principal over a period of twenty years. With respect to the
claim for Nicholasville Greens, the Appellants proposed amortizing the principal over a period of
fifteen years. The payments on the unsecured claims would not begin until after the tax credit
recapture period expired. The payments would continue until the tenth anniversary of the plan’s
effective date at which time the Appellants would make a balloon payment. As before, all of the
unsecured creditors could elect the alternative treatment.

       Throughout the pendency of these cases, the Appellants altered the source of funding for the
Chapter 11 plan. As set forth in the second and third amended plans, the Appellants proposed
making payments for the U.S. Trustee fees, Class 2 Priority Claims, and the Class 3 and 4 unsecured
claims from (1) their Net Operating Income, (2) the Capital Contribution, (3) the Additional Plan
Funding, (4) the Cash Flow Shortfall Escrow, (5) the Net Refinancing Proceeds, (6) the Net
Disposition Proceeds, or (7) the Net Transaction Proceeds. The Appellants proposed paying the

                                                  -7-
Bank’s secured claims from (1) their Net Operating Income, (2) the Additional Plan Funding (“as
necessary and applicable”), or (3) the Cash Flow Shortfall Escrow (“as necessary and applicable”).
All of the funding sources were defined in the Plan.

       Alliant Capital, Ltd., an affiliated entity of the Appellants, was designated as the funding
source for the Additional Plan Funding and the Cash Flow Shortfall Escrow. Although the
Appellants attached a commitment letter from Alliant Capital to the third amended disclosure
statement, the Appellants did not disclose what, if anything, Alliant Capital was receiving in
exchange for agreeing to provide a significant amount of funding for the Debtors’ proposed plan.

       In January 2012, the Bank moved to dismiss or convert the Debtors’ cases and moved for
relief from the automatic stay. The Bank asserted that the Debtors’ cases should be dismissed or
converted

       based on (i) the continuing loss to or diminution of the estate, coupled with the
       absence of a reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation; (ii) the Debtors[’] inability to
       effectuate a plan; and (iii) the filings are considered to be in bad faith under the
       factors courts look to under § 1112.

(Mot. to Dismiss/Convert at 1, ECF No. 308.) The Appellants filed objections to the Bank’s motions
on February 10, 2012.

       The bankruptcy court conducted a hearing on the Bank’s motions to dismiss and for relief
from the stay on April 18, 2012. The Appellants submitted testimony by affidavit from, among
others, Brian Doran, and Brad Weinburg. According to these affidavits, Doran is the President of
Alliant Real Estate Investment, LLC (“AREI”), and the Vice-President of Alliant Capital. AREI is
the sole member of five limited liability companies, each of which is a General Partner for one
Debtor. Weinburg completed the appraisals for the Appellants.

       According to testimony presented by the Appellants at the hearing, “approximately
$1,000,000 of [Low-Income Housing] Tax Credits are being used annually among the five Debtors
. . . [and] the Tax Credits for the years 2010 and 2011 have been claimed.” (Mem. Op. & Order at
5, ECF No. 390.) When asked about the balloon payments under the plan, Doran testified that the

                                                -8-
Debtors would be able to make those payments; however, Doran could not “provide even a ballpark
figure of the anticipated amount of” those payments. (Id. at 25.) When asked by Bank’s counsel if
the Debtors can meet the current operating expenses and plan payments under the plan from net
operating income, Doran testified no. (April 18, 2012 Tr. of Hr’g at 34-35, ECF No. 401.)

        According to the cash flow projections filed by the Debtors, the Debtors have a negative cash
flow that will continue until at least 2020. Given this fact, the bankruptcy court stated that “[t]his
deficit makes the assistance of the General Partners and Alliant Capital critical to the Debtors’
success.” (Id.) When asked by the bankruptcy court:

        Does the plan provide that in the event that the [LIHTC Properties] can’t be sold for
        the full amount of the remaining debt or is unable to be refinanced [at the time the
        balloon payments are due] does the plan provide that Alliant Capital will make up the
        difference or step in?

(Id. at 102.) Doran responded, “That’s not written in the plan right now.” Pursuant to the Debtors’
proposed plan, Alliant Capital has only committed to fund the amounts set forth in the cash flow
shortfall projections. Until the projections were revised, the projections did not include any estimate
of the amounts necessary to fund the balloon payments.

        Weinburg was also called as a witness at the hearing. According to his affidavit, the
Appellants asked him to review the third amended plan “to evaluate the assumptions and
methodology used to create the cash flow projections in support of the plan and to determine if those
assumptions and methodology result in the ability of the Debtors to meet their financial obligations
in year ten (10) . . . .” (Weinburg Affidavit at 2, ECF No. 348.) To complete his analysis, Weinburg
reviewed the third amended plan, the third amended disclosure statement, the cash flow projections
and the Valuation Order. After examining these documents, Weinburg concluded that the Debtors’
third amended “plan establishes a reasonable and feasible basis for repayment of all claims in
Classes 1, 3, and 4 of the Plan.” (Id. at 5, 7.)

        The bankruptcy court entered a memorandum opinion and order granting the Bank’s motion
to dismiss on May 30, 2012 (“Dismissal Order”). In determining that dismissal of the Debtors’ cases
was warranted, the bankruptcy court concluded that the Bank had established “cause” under

                                                   -9-
11 U.S.C. § 1112(b)(4)(A), (E), and (J), and that “the Debtors’ goal in filing and pursuing the
‘reorganization’ cases was to protect the Debtors’ investors and . . . their actions in pursuing this goal
were taken to the detriment of their creditors to whom they owed a fiduciary obligation.” (Dismissal
Order at 34-35, ECF No. 390.) The bankruptcy court based its conclusion in part on the following
facts: (1) the Appellants’ original plan and disclosure statement did not include values for the LIHTC
Properties; (2) the Appellants failed to continue making adequate protection payments after filing
the original plan, which the Appellants knew did not have a reasonable possibility of being
confirmed within a reasonable time; (3) the Appellants delayed filing the motion for the Valuation
Hearing; (4) the Appellants failed to timely amend their plan and disclosure statement after the
Valuation Order was issued and then only amended the plan and disclosure statement when ordered
to do so by the bankruptcy court; (5) the Appellants failed to include the Valuation Order values in
their Second and Third Amended Plans and Disclosure Statements; (6) the Appellants failed to
submit plans that provided for any meaningful payment to the Bank or unsecured creditors until after
the Tax Credit Recapture period expired; (7) the Appellants admitted their overriding concern was
to maximize value for their investors; (8) Alliant Capital’s commitment to fund the Appellants’ plan
was “illusory;” and (9) there was a “substantial and continuing diminution of the estate as evidenced
by the Joint Stipulations [of Fact] and in the testimony of Mr. Doran at the Evidentiary Hearing.”
(Id. at 35-36.) The bankruptcy court also found that the Appellants’ classification of the Bank’s
unsecured deficiency balances in a separate class was evidence of bad faith and that the classification
had the effect of making the Appellants’ plan incapable of being confirmed.

        Because the Appellants failed to establish that unusual circumstances existed or that there
was a reasonable likelihood that a plan would be confirmed within a reasonable time, the bankruptcy
court concluded that the Appellants had not met their burden under 11 U.S.C. § 1112(b)(2)(A).

        As indicated above, the current plan and disclosure statement were not proposed in
        good faith and the Plan Proponents’ actions in the eighteen months these cases have
        been pending show that at this point, the Chapter 11 is a place to park the Debtors
        while the Tax Credits are utilized and the recapture period expires.

(Dismissal Order at 42, ECF No. 390.) The bankruptcy court concluded that dismissal of the
Debtors’ cases was in the best interest of creditors and the estate and was warranted under 11 U.S.C.
§ 1112(b).

                                                   -10-
       On June 11, 2012, the Appellants filed a timely notice of appeal.

                                        IV.    DISCUSSION

       The “for cause” dismissal of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy case is prescribed in 11 U.S.C.
§ 1112(b)(1) which provides, in pertinent part:

       on request of a party in interest, and after notice and a hearing, the court shall convert
       a case under this chapter to a case under chapter 7 or dismiss a case under this
       chapter, whichever is in the best interests of creditors and the estate, for cause . . . .

11 U.S.C. § 1112(b)(1) (emphasis added). Section 1112(b)(4) contains a nonexhaustive list of
examples of “cause” justifying dismissal of a Chapter 11 case. These examples include “substantial
or continuing loss to or diminution of the estate and the absence of a reasonable likelihood of
rehabilitation[.]” 11 U.S.C. § 1112(b)(4)(A).

       In determining whether cause exists to dismiss a case under § 1112(b), a court must engage
in a “case-specific” factual inquiry which “focus[es] on the circumstances of each debtor.” United
Savs. Ass’n of Tex. v. Timbers of Inwood Forest Assocs., Ltd. (In re Timbers of Inwood Forest
Assocs., Ltd.), 808 F.2d 363, 371-72 (5th Cir. 1987) (en banc), aff’d, 484 U.S. 365, 108 S. Ct. 626
(1988); In re Great Am. Pyramid Joint Venture, 144 B.R. 780, 791 (Bankr. W.D. Tenn. 1992). The
party seeking dismissal carries the burden of proof and must satisfy that burden by a preponderance
of the evidence. See Loop Corp. v. U.S. Tr. (In re Loop Corp.), 379 F.3d 511, 517-18 (8th Cir. 2004)
(citing In re Woodbrook Assocs., 19 F.3d 312, 317 (7th Cir. 1994)). A “bankruptcy court has broad
discretion to dismiss a Chapter 11 case under 11 U.S.C. § 1112(b).” AMC Mortg. Co. v. Tenn. Dep’t
of Revenue (In re AMC Mortg. Co.), 213 F.3d 917, 920 (6th Cir. 2000). “Accordingly, the decision
to dismiss the case will be upheld unless it was an abuse of discretion, defined as ‘a definite and
clear conviction that the trial court committed a clear error of judgment.’ ” Id. (quoting Bowling v.
Pfizer, Inc., 102 F.3d 777, 780 (6th Cir. 1996)).

       In dismissing these cases, the bankruptcy court concluded that there were multiple grounds
justifying dismissal.   In addition to determining that cause existed pursuant to 11 U.S.C.
§ 1112(b)(4)(A), the bankruptcy court also concluded that (1) the Debtors lacked good faith; (2) the

                                                  -11-
Debtors failed to comply with court orders; and (3) the Debtors were unable to timely file and
effectuate a plan. “ ‘[O]ne ground for cause is sufficient standing alone’ ” to justify the “for cause”
dismissal of a Chapter 11 case. Reagan v. Wetzel (In re Reagan), 403 B.R. 614, 621 (B.A.P. 8th Cir.
2009) (quoting Loop Corp., 290 B.R. at 112). Because we conclude that the bankruptcy court did
not abuse its discretion in finding cause for dismissal pursuant to § 1112(b)(4)(A), we need not
address the bankruptcy court’s conclusions with regard to the other grounds for dismissal.

A.      11 U.S.C. § 1112(b)(4)(A)

        In order to demonstrate that cause exists to dismiss a case pursuant to § 1112(b)(4)(A), “the
moving party must demonstrate that there is both a (1) [substantial or] continuing loss to or
diminution of estate assets and (2) an absence of a reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation.” In re
Westgate Props., Ltd., 432 B.R. 720, 723 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 2010). To satisfy the first prong, a
movant may demonstrate “that the debtor continues to incur losses or maintains a negative cash-flow
position after the entry of the order for relief” or that the debtor’s assets have declined in value since
the case was commenced. Id. (citation omitted); 3685 San Fernando Lender, LLC v. Cross Equities,
LLC (In re USA Commercial Mortg., Co.), 452 F. App’x 715, 724 (9th Cir. 2011); In re Wahlie,
417 B.R. 8, 11 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 2009); see also 7 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 1112.04[6][a] (16th ed.
2012). The loss may be substantial or continuing. It need not be both in order to constitute cause
under § 1112(b)(4)(A). 7 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 1112.04[6][a][i] (16th ed. 2012) (“By the use of
the word ‘substantial’ in section 1112(b)(4)(A), Congress has indicated that a loss need not be
continuing in order to satisfy the first prong of this enumerated cause.”).

        To satisfy the second prong of § 1112(b)(4)(A), a movant must demonstrate that the debtor
does not have a reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation. As used in § 1112(b)(4)(A), “rehabilitation
does not necessarily denote reorganization, which could involve liquidation. Instead, rehabilitation
signifies something more, with it being described as ‘to put back in good condition; re-establish on
a firm, sound basis.’ ” Westgate Props., 432 B.R. at 723 (quoting In re V Cos., 274 B.R. 721, 725
(Bankr. N.D. Ohio 2002)). “ ‘Rehabilitation’ is a different and . . . much more demanding standard
than ‘reorganization.’ ” In re Brutsche, 476 B.R. 298, 301 (Bankr. D.N.M. 2012). If “ ‘the debtor,
or some other party, will be able to stem the debtor’s losses and place the debtor’s enterprise back

                                                   -12-
on a solid financial footing within a reasonable amount of time,’ ” then the debtor may have a
reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation. In re Costa Bonita Beach Resort, Inc., 479 B.R. 14, 42
(Bankr. D.P.R. 2012) (quoting 7 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 1112.04[6][a] (16th ed. 2012)). “The
purpose of § 1112(b)(1) is to ‘preserve estate assets by preventing the debtor in possession from
gambling on the enterprise at the creditors’ expense when there is no hope of rehabilitation.’ ” Loop
Corp., 379 F.3d at 516 (quoting In re Lizeric Realty Corp., 188 B.R. 499, 503 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y.
1995)).

          The Bankruptcy Code does not allow a debtor an unlimited amount of time to confirm a plan
or an unlimited number of attempts at plan confirmation, particularly in single asset real estate cases.
See 11 U.S.C. § 362(d)(3). A debtor in a single asset real estate case that stops making adequate
protection payments does so at its own peril and runs the risk that a bankruptcy court will determine
that the debtor’s plan of reorganization lacks “a reasonable possibility of being confirmed within a
reasonable time.” Id. The Supreme Court’s decision in Timbers of Inwood Forest Associates, Ltd.
is instructive. See United Savs. Ass’n of Tex. v. Timbers of Inwood Forest Assocs., Ltd. (In re
Timbers of Inwood Forest Assocs., Ltd.), 484 U.S. 365, 108 S. Ct. 626 (1988). Inherent in the
concept of a reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation for a single asset real estate debtor is “ that
‘[t]here must be a reasonable possibility of a successful reorganization within a reasonable time.’ ”
First Jersey Nat’l Bank v. Brown (In re Brown), 951 F.2d 564, 572 (3d Cir. 1991) (quoting Timbers
of Inwood Forest Assocs., Ltd., 484 U.S. at 376, 108 S. Ct. at 632) (analyzing “a reasonable
possibility of a successful reorganization within a reasonable time” as a factor in “cause” under
11 U.S.C. § 1112(b)). Cf. In re 51-53 W. 129th St. HDFC, Inc., 475 B.R. 391, 399 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y.
2012) (“While section 1112(b)(4)(A) explicitly states that cause exists for conversion or dismissal
when there is a substantial or continuing loss to or diminution of the estate and the absence of a
reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation, this same standard evidences cause in the context of stay
relief under section 362(d)(1).” (citations and internal quotations omitted)). If a creditor moves for
and is entitled to relief from the automatic stay, rehabilitation is much less likely.

          In the cases currently on appeal, the Appellants’ financial projections indicated that the
Debtors would have negative cash flow of approximately $22,000 per month during the last half of
2012. The projections also demonstrated that negative cash flow would continue through 2020. In

                                                  -13-
addition, the Appellants admitted that they were claiming slightly over $1,000,000 in tax credits per
year against the LIHTC Properties. Appellants admit, and their most recent Chapter 11 plan
demonstrates, that the values of the LIHTC Properties decline each time the tax credits are claimed
by the Debtors’ investors. So, not only did the Debtors have an annual negative cash flow, the values
of the LIHTC Properties were also declining.

        These cases were filed in September and October 2010.                 Shortly thereafter, in
November 2010, the Appellants indicated that determining the value of the Bank’s interest in the
LIHTC Properties would be vital to the joint Chapter 11 plan. Despite this assertion, the Appellants
did not file a proposed amended plan until six months after issuance of the bankruptcy court’s
Valuation Order and only after being ordered to do so by the bankruptcy court. Then, in setting forth
the Bank’s secured claims in that plan, the Appellants alleged that the values of the three
undersecured LIHTC Properties had decreased significantly due to tax credits being claimed through
June 2012. The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in determining that there was a
continuing loss to or diminution of estate assets in these cases.

        As for the second prong of the § 1112(b)(4)(A) analysis, the bankruptcy court determined that
the Debtors did not have a reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation. The bankruptcy court based this
conclusion on the Appellants’ failure to provide for any meaningful repayment of the Bank’s claims,
both secured and unsecured, until after expiration of the tax credit recapture period. In addition, the
Appellants did not propose refinancing or selling the LIHTC Properties until after the tax credit
recapture period expires. The Debtors’ financial projections demonstrated that they will continue
to suffer significant cash flow shortfalls throughout the coming years and will only be able to make
their proposed payments with the assistance of Alliant Capital. The Appellants failed to disclose
what Alliant Capital would receive in exchange for this agreement to backstop the cash flow
shortfalls.

        Since these cases were filed in late 2010, the Debtors remitted a mere $15,000 to the Bank
in adequate protection payments. The last of these payments was made in February 2011, and
nothing has been paid to the Bank since that time. A debtor who is unable to service its debt at the

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outset of the case and remains unable to do so for the foreseeable future does not have a reasonable
likelihood of rehabilitation. In re Fall, 405 B.R. 863, 869 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 2009).

       In their opening brief, the Appellants assert that they provided for meaningful repayment of
the Bank’s secured claims by proposing to pay the Bank the values of the tax credits annually.
However, according to the Appellants’ figures, the combined values of the Bank’s claims secured
by the Creekside, Nicholasville, and Franklin Place LIHTC Properties decreased by over $170,000
during the pendency of these cases. Despite this decrease, the third amended plan proposed to value
the Bank’s tax credits as of the plan’s effective date.        As a result, the plan proposed to
undercompensate the Bank for the tax credits that had already been used while these cases were
pending without a confirmed plan. Additionally, although the Appellants increased the value of the
Bank’s secured claims on the Pennyrile and Park Row LIHTC Properties, it is unclear whether the
Appellants properly provided for the full amounts of the Bank’s allowed secured claims pursuant
to 11 U.S.C. § 506(b). In the Bank’s motion for relief from stay, the Bank requested, and
presumably would be entitled to, substantial attorney’s fees and postpetition interest in connection
with the Bank’s claims regarding the two oversecured claims. Based on all of these supporting facts,
the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in determining that the Debtors did not have a
reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation.

       As the Supreme Court noted in the context of another single asset real estate case, “this is an
easy case.” RadLAX Gateway Hotel, LLC v. Amalgamated Bank, 132 S. Ct. 2065, 2073 (2012).
Whether the Appellants’ delays in moving their cases toward a confirmable plan constituted bad faith
is irrelevant. Either way, given the ample evidence in the record of the continuing loss and
diminution of the estates’ assets and the lack of a reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation, the
bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in finding cause for dismissal under 11 U.S.C.
§ 1112(b)(4)(A).

B.     “Unusual Circumstances”

       Once a party demonstrates that cause exists to convert or dismiss the case under § 1112(b),
a court is required to dismiss or convert the case unless the court “finds and specifically identifies

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unusual circumstances establishing that converting or dismissing the case is not in the best interests
of creditors and the estate. . . .” 11 U.S.C. § 1112(b)(2). By its own terms, § 1112(b)(2) provides
that the “unusual circumstances” exception does not apply if the cause for dismissal or conversion
is a “substantial or continuing loss to or diminution of the estate,” as set forth in § 1112(b)(4)(A).
See also In re Landmark Atl. Hess Farm, 448 B.R. 707, 717 (Bankr. D. Md. 2011). In this appeal,
the Panel determined that the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in finding cause for
dismissal under § 1112(b)(4)(A). As a result, the “unusual circumstances” exception does not apply.

                                       V.    CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the bankruptcy court’s dismissal of the Debtors’
jointly administered Chapter 11 cases pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 1112(b)(4)(A).

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