Court Opinion

ID: 4459844
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-11-27 17:10:35.996561+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:42:51.470242
License: Public Domain

J-A24016-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JAN SILVERMAN                              :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 799 EDA 2018

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 2, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-51-CR-0006099-2016

BEFORE:      BENDER, P.J.E., DUBOW, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.:                            FILED NOVEMBER 27, 2019

        Appellant, Jan Silverman, appeals from the February 2, 2018 Judgment

of Sentence entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas

following his conviction of Possession of a Firearm Prohibited.1 On appeal,

Appellant challenges, inter alia, the denial of his Motion to Suppress. After

careful review, we reverse and vacate the Judgment of Sentence.

        We glean the following facts from the certified record. In 2013, Appellant

was released on parole from a 2005 conviction for Aggravated Assault.

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*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1   18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(a)(1).
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Pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(b), because he had a prior aggravated assault

conviction, Appellant was prohibited from possessing a firearm.2

       On October 3, 2015, Parole Agent Jasmine Brunson received an

anonymous tip via a community complaint hotline, from a woman reporting

that Appellant possibly had a firearm in his residence. Agent Brunson

discussed the call with her supervisor, who determined that Agent Brunson

should conduct a search at Appellant’s residence.

       Based only on that anonymous tip, on October 5, 2015, parole agents,

including Agent Brunson, conducted a search of Appellant’s residence. The

agents found a firearm in his bedroom nightstand. Appellant was subsequently

charged with Possession of a Firearm Prohibited.

       Appellant filed a Motion to Suppress, contending that the October 5,

2015 search was illegal. A suppression hearing was held on September 1,

2017, and October 2, 2017,3 in which Agent Brunson testified.

       The court denied the Motion to Suppress and the matter proceeded to a

stipulated trial. The court found Appellant guilty of Possession of a Firearm

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2  In addition, as a condition of parole, he could not own or possess any
firearms.

3 On September 1, 2017, the court continued the hearing to October 2, 2017,
because Agent Brunson informed the court that she had written notes about
the anonymous tip, but had not brought them with her to court. The court
stopped the hearing, and told Agent Brunson to “[g]o back, get your notes,
get yourself prepared . . . and do this motion properly.” N.T. Suppression
Hearing, 9/1/17, at 30.

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Prohibited, and requested a pre-sentence           report and mental health

assessment. On February 2, 2018, the court sentenced him to five to ten years

of imprisonment. Appellant filed a Post-Sentence Motion, which the trial court

denied.

      Appellant timely appealed. Both Appellant and the trial court complied

with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

      Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

      1. Where [p]arole [a]gents did not have the requisite reasonable
         suspicion to search Appellant’s home, which was based on an
         anonymous “community complaint,” and did not demonstrate
         the basis of the knowledge of the tipster, did the lower Court
         err in not suppressing the evidence in this case?

      2. Where the sentence of the lower [c]ourt was excessive under
         the circumstances of the case, provided an inadequate
         statement of reasons for imposing sentence, and violated
         sentencing norms, should the lower [c]ourt’s sentence be
         vacated?

      3. Where the [c]ourt below failed to give Appellant credit for the
         time spent in jail before the sentence was imposed, was this
         an error of law?

Appellant’s Br. at 3.

      In his first argument, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in

denying his Motion to Suppress because parole agents lacked reasonable

suspicion to search his residence. Id. at 13-18.

      When we evaluate a court order denying a suppression motion, “we

consider the factual findings of the suppression court and whether they are

supported by record evidence.” Commonwealth v. Coleman, 130 A.3d 38,

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42 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation omitted). We may not consider evidence

outside the suppression hearing record. In re L.J., 79 A.3d 1073, 1075 (Pa.

2013). “We consider only the evidence of the Commonwealth’s witnesses and

testimony of the defendant’s witnesses that are not contradicted by the

suppression record.” Coleman, 130 A.3d at 42 (citation omitted). Where the

evidence supports the suppression court’s factual findings, we are bound by

them and will reverse only where the legal conclusions are erroneous.

Commonwealth v. Thran, 185 A.3d 1041, 1043 (Pa. Super. 2018). “[W]e

are not bound by the legal determinations of the suppression court.”

Coleman, supra, at 42.

       A parolee has limited Fourth Amendment rights. 61 Pa.C.S. § 6153;

Commonwealth v. Moore, 805 A.2d 616, 620 (Pa. Super. 2002). “In

exchange for early release from prison, [a] parolee cedes away certain

constitutional protections[.]” Commonwealth v. Sperber, 177 A.3d 212,

215 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citation omitted).        Nonetheless, a parolee still has

“limited constitutional protections” related to warrantless searches. Coleman,

130 A.3d at 42. Thus, “[p]arole officers may perform a search of a parolee’s

residence only where the totality of the circumstances demonstrates

reasonable suspicion that evidence of contraband or a violation of parole will

be discovered.” Id. (citing 61 Pa.C.S. § 6153).4

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4 The following factors may be taken into account when determining the
existence of reasonable suspicion: (i) the observations of agents; (ii)

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       Our Supreme Court has concluded that an anonymous tip alone is

unreliable and “insufficient to establish a reasonable suspicion of criminal

activity.” Commonwealth v. Wimbush, 750 A.2d 807, 811 (Pa. 2000)

(citations omitted). In order for an anonymous tip to give rise to a reasonable

suspicion that a parole violation has occurred, it must be of sufficient quality

that it may be found reliable. Coleman, supra at 47. To be of sufficient

quality, an anonymous tip must provide “something more”—an independent

reason to believe that a suspect is involved in criminal activity, such as inside

information—a specific familiarity with the suspect’s affairs, including “future

actions of third persons ordinarily not easily predicted.” Wimbush, supra at

812. In other words, there must be corroboration of criminal activity, or

“corroboration of predictive aspects of the [anonymous] tip.” Id. at 813.

       Examples where courts have found anonymous tips to support

reasonable suspicion include Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 331-32

(1990), where police corroborated the tip’s highly detailed inside information

about the suspect’s not-easily-predicted future actions, including the specific

time the suspect would eventually leave a specific apartment in a specific

vehicle and travel to a specific motel with cocaine.5 In Commonwealth v.
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information provided by others; (iii) the activities of the offender; (iv)
information provided by the offender; (v) the experience of agents with the
offender; (vi) the experience of agents in similar circumstances; (vii) the prior
criminal and supervisory history of the offender; and (viii) the need to verify
compliance with the conditions of supervision. 61 Pa.C.S. § 6153(d).
5The U.S. Supreme Court noted that Alabama v. White was a “close case.”
496 U.S. at 332.

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Sperber, 177 A.3d 212, 215-16 (Pa. Super. 2017), an anonymous tip was

corroborated with reports of similar information from named informants, and

thus, the Court concluded that the tip did not need to provide predictive

information.

       Courts have found anonymous tips unreliable where the tip is lacking

corroboration that criminal activity is or will be afoot. For example, in

Wimbush, the Court concluded an anonymous tip that a man “Tony”

possessed drugs and was driving a white van with a specific license plate on

a certain road did not give rise to a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity

even though a police check of license plate number revealed a van registered

to “Anthony.” 750 A.2d at 809. Our Supreme Court distinguished the case

from Alabama v. White, explaining that the tip in Wimbush provided facts

existing at the time of the call, not inside information of the suspect’s future

actions. Id. at 813-14.

       Similarly, in Commonwealth v. White,6 our Supreme Court held that

an anonymous tip about possible drug activity at a specific residence and that

also described the suspect as a black male wearing a white shirt and shorts

riding a girl’s black bicycle, did not give rise to a reasonable suspicion because

the tip did not provide insider information related to the criminal activity. Id.

at 810, 812-13.

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6Our Supreme Court consolidated two cases, Commonwealth v. Wimbush,
and Commonwealth v. White. 750 A.2d 807.

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       In Coleman, this Court held that an anonymous tip that the appellant

was one of the largest drug sellers in the area and had a driving suspension,

the latter detail having been verified, was unreliable because the tip did not

specifically articulate facts that the appellant was engaged in criminal activity.

130 A.3d at 46-47.

       Here, the Commonwealth concedes that the trial court erred in denying

Appellant’s suppression motion. Commonwealth’s Br. at 7. Based on our

review of the record and applicable case law, we agree.

       In its 1925(a) Opinion, the trial court concluded that the anonymous tip

was reliable because Agent Brunson had determined that the anonymous

caller was the mother of Appellant’s ex-girlfriend, and the information was

specific enough to give Agent Brunson a reasonable suspicion that Appellant

was violating the terms of his parole. Trial Ct. Op., filed 11/8/18, at 6.

       The suppression record, however, does not support the trial court’s

determination. At the suppression hearing, Agent Brunson discussed the

anonymous tip she received on October 3, 2015. She stated that the

anonymous caller reported that “[Appellant] possibly had a firearm in his

residence,” and that she learned this information from her daughter, who

knew Appellant. N.T. Suppression Hearing, 9/1/17, at 18. Agent Brunson

testified that the caller did not provide her name nor her daughter’s name, 7

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7 Contrary to the trial court’s 1925(a) Opinion, Agent Brunson was unaware
of the identity of the anonymous caller on October 3, 2015. The identity of the

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but she did provide Appellant’s name and address. Agent Brunson

acknowledged that the anonymous phone call was the only information she

had received about Appellant’s possible possession of a firearm. Because she

was concerned about the possible firearm possession based on her knowledge

of Appellant’s criminal history, she discussed the call with her supervisor. Her

supervisor advised her to conduct a search of Appellant’s residence.

       The anonymous tip Agent Brunson received on October 3, 2015, alone

falls short of providing a “reasonable suspicion” to believe that Appellant may

have been involved in criminal activity. See Wimbush, supra at 812;

Coleman, supra at 46-47.             The parole agents did not have specific or

articulable insider information about Appellant’s “future actions . . . ordinarily

not easily predicted” to give rise to a reasonable suspicion that Appellant

possibly had a firearm in his residence. See Wimbush, supra at 812.

Additionally, agents had no corroborating information that Appellant may have

been involved in criminal activity from known individuals. The search was

based on an unreliable bare bones assertion. Thus, the search violated

Appellant’s Fourth Amendment rights, and the court’s legal conclusion was

erroneous. Accordingly, the judgment of sentence must be reversed.8

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caller was revealed only when discussing bail after the trial court denied the
Motion to Suppress—approximately two years after the anonymous call. N.T.
Suppressing Hearing, 10/2/17, at 26.
8 Because this issue is dispositive, we need not address Appellant’s remaining
issues in this appeal.

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      Judgment   of   sentence   reversed.   Case   remanded.   Jurisdiction

relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/27/19

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