Court Opinion

ID: 3159938
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-12-03 21:01:03.513499+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:19:52.208759
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                             DEC 03 2015

                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                        No. 13-30308

              Plaintiff - Appellee,              D.C. No. 2:11-cr-02064-RHW-1

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
CURTIS T. HOLDEN, DBA Advanced
Podiatry Specialists PS,

              Defendant - Appellant.

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Eastern District of Washington
                Robert H. Whaley, Senior District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted September 1, 2015
                              Seattle, Washington

Before: HAWKINS, GOULD, and IKUTA, Circuit Judges.

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
      Defendant-Appellant Dr. Curtis Holden appeals from his jury conviction for

thirty-two counts of health care fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1347. We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.1

      Holden contends that: (1) the district court erred when it determined that

evidence of Holden creating chart notes shortly before a state audit was

“inextricably intertwined” with the alleged fraudulent health care scheme and not

subject to the limitations of Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b) (“Rule 404(b)”); (2)

the district court abused its discretion in admitting evidence of Holden’s salary, in

excluding evidence of a witness’s prior sexual misconduct, in excluding testimony

from Holden’s treating physician, and in excluding a recorded conversation

between Holden and another witness; (3) Holden was prejudiced when the

government referred to a folder titled “Refunds Ha Ha Ha”; (4) the district court

improperly lowered the mens rea requirement for health care fraud; (5) the district

court erred by rejecting Holden’s proffered good faith jury instruction; (6) the

government improperly used civil standards to supply an element of Holden’s

criminal violations and criminal conduct; and (7) cumulative error requires

reversal.

      1
       We affirm Holden’s remaining claims in a published opinion filed
concurrently with this memorandum.

                                           2
      Evidentiary rulings, including whether to admit or deny evidence, are

reviewed for abuse of discretion and the underlying factual determinations for clear

error. United States v. Lukashov, 694 F.3d 1107, 1114 (9th Cir. 2012). When

reviewing a district court’s decision to admit “other acts” evidence under Rule

404(b), we review de novo whether the contested evidence falls within the scope of

the rule, and if not, we review the admittance of such evidence for an abuse of

discretion. United States v. DeGeorge, 380 F.3d 1203, 1219 (9th Cir. 2004).

Finally, we review de novo whether a jury instruction “accurately describe[s] the

elements of the charged crime,” United States v. Munguia, 704 F.3d 596, 598 (9th

Cir. 2012) (internal citation and quotation marks omitted), and review for abuse of

discretion the district court’s formulation of jury instructions, United States v.

Shipsey, 363 F.3d 962, 967 n.3 (9th Cir. 2004).

      The district court did not abuse its discretion by admitting evidence that

Holden altered dates on service charts after he found out about the 2006 state audit.

We need not determine whether the evidence was “inextricably intertwined” with

the charged schemes because it was properly admitted under Rule 404(b)(2) as

evidence of intent and knowledge of the overall scheme to defraud. Further, the

district court did not abuse its discretion when it did not give a limiting instruction.

See United States v. Soliman, 813 F.2d 277, 279 (9th Cir. 1987). When the district

                                            3
court does not provide a limiting instruction, we determine whether there was an

abuse of discretion by considering whether the evidence was “closely related to the

crimes charged” and whether the jury was told that the defendant was only on trial

for the conduct alleged in the indictment. Id. Here, the 2006 state audit evidence

is closely related to Holden’s multiple schemes to defraud, and the district court

reminded the jury that Holden was only on trial for the counts in the indictment.

      Holden’s five other evidentiary challenges are similarly without merit. First,

the district court did not abuse its discretion by admitting into evidence Holden’s

salary and business draws. We have no firm rule against admitting such evidence

when it qualifies under Federal Rule of Evidence 403 and here, the district court

allowed the evidence as relevant to motive, not as general evidence of Holden’s

wealth. See United States v. Reyes, 660 F.3d 454, 463–64 (9th Cir. 2011).

Moreover, the jury was properly instructed on the elements of health care fraud.

See id. at 464. Second, the district court did not abuse its discretion by refusing to

allow Holden’s treating physician to testify as a lay witness. The court was

reasonable in believing that testimony regarding medications and their effect on

Holden’s mental capacity would be based on scientific knowledge outside the

scope of Federal Rule of Evidence Rule 701.

                                           4
      Third, the district court properly excluded evidence of Dr. Morton’s alleged

sexual misconduct because it was not offered for any probative basis. See United

States v. Collins, 90 F.3d 1420, 1429 (9th Cir. 1996). Fourth, the taped

conversation between Holden and Dr. Lee was properly excluded. The statements

were not “prior consistent statements” because they were made after Holden knew

about the investigation and had a motive to testify falsely, Fed. R. Evid.

801(d)(1)(B), and the statements were not “present sense impressions” because

they did not describe or explain an event Holden was currently perceiving, Fed. R.

Evid. 803(1). Finally, a new trial is not warranted because the government referred

to a folder titled “Refunds Ha Ha Ha” in its opening statement. See United States

v. Cardenas-Mendoza, 579 F.3d 1024, 1030 (9th Cir. 2009). The government did

not mention the title again throughout trial.

      The district court also did not err or abuse its discretion in its jury

instructions. Even though Holden argues that the district court erred by

erroneously lowering the mens rea standard required for health care fraud, his

arguments are precluded by United States v. Dearing, 504 F.3d 897 (9th Cir.

2007). Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A., 131 S. Ct. 2060 (2011), which

addressed the mens rea of willful blindness, is not to the contrary. Further, the

                                           5
district court was not required to give Holden’s proposed, more extensive good

faith jury instruction. See Shipsey, 363 F.3d at 967.

      Finally, though Holden contends that the government impermissibly

confused civil and criminal standards in presenting its case against him, he does

not point to any civil statute which provided an element of his convictions.

Because there was no constitutional error, his cumulative error claim also

necessarily fails. See Mancuso v. Olivarez, 292 F.3d 939, 957 (9th Cir. 2002).

      AFFIRMED.

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