Court Opinion

ID: 4660415
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-02-16 17:00:52.92637+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:06.559584
License: Public Domain

USCA11 Case: 19-10208   Date Filed: 02/16/2021   Page: 1 of 19

                                                        [DO NOT PUBLISH]

            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________

                            No. 19-10208
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                 D.C. Docket No. 9:15-cr-80095-WPD-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                              Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                 versus

KURT ZAMOR,

                                                        Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

               Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Southern District of Florida
                     ________________________

                           (February 16, 2021)

Before JILL PRYOR, NEWSOM and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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      Kurt Zamor was indicted and convicted, following a jury trial, of two counts

arising out of an illegal scheme to export firearms and ammunition from Florida to

Haiti. We affirmed his convictions on direct appeal, concluding that there was

sufficient evidence to support his convictions. See United States v. Zamor, 746 F.

App’x 960, 962 (11th Cir. 2018) (unpublished). Zamor now appeals the district

court’s order denying his motion for a new trial based on newly discovered

evidence. Zamor also appeals the denial of his requests for disclosure of grand

jury testimony and Brady/Giglio1 materials. After careful review, we affirm.

                                  I.      BACKGROUND

      Zamor was indicted and charged with one count of knowingly delivering

firearms to a common carrier for shipment to an unlicensed person without

providing written notice to the carrier, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 922(e), and

924(a)(1)(D), and one count of fraudulently and knowingly attempting to export

firearms and ammunition from the United States to Haiti contrary to 18 U.S.C.

§§ 922(e) and 924(a)(1)(D), in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 554(a). After a

four-day trial, the jury found Zamor guilty on both counts. To place Zamor’s

motion for a new trial in context, we begin by summarizing some of the key

evidence adduced at trial. We then review the relevant post-conviction

proceedings.

      1
          Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963); Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150 (1972).

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   A. Trial Evidence

       The government presented the following testimony at trial. Federal agents

testified about their investigation of Zamor and search of a shipping container in

his possession, in which they found guns and ammunition. Bureau of Alcohol,

Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) Examiner Tina Anderson testified that,

according to ATF records, neither Zamor nor Marie Gilles, the intended recipient

of Zamor’s container, had a federal firearms license or was a firearms importer,

manufacturer, dealer, or collector. Anderson testified that she found no record or

entry in ATF’s database regarding Gilles during the relevant time.

       Department of Homeland Security Investigations Special Agent Anderson

Sullivan testified, and the government played a recording of an interview of Zamor

that he conducted. In it, Zamor admitted that he owned the shipping container and

guns. 2 But he maintained that the guns were not supposed to be loaded into the

container and he was not present when movers he hired loaded the container with

items from his storage unit. Zharellis Holmes, a friend of Zamor’s children’s

mother, Marie Mathurin, testified that she went with Mathurin to Zamor’s storage

unit to deliver some of Mathurin’s furniture. Holmes testified that Zamor was

       2
        Jean Zamor, Zamor’s father, was listed as the shipper of the container, but Zamor
admitted it was his and that his father was shipping it on his behalf.
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present while items from the storage unit were being loaded into the container and

that the storage unit was empty when the movers left.

      Kristine Teeters, an employee at “Monarch Shipping,” the company Zamor

hired to ship the container, testified that Monarch “contract[s] with people to . . .

ship things [from the United States] to other countries.” Doc. 111 at 164, 169. 3

Through Teeters, the government introduced the container’s contents list and the

letter of intent Monarch Shipping prepared for Zamor’s shipment and submitted to

U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The contents list for the container referred to

“Monarch Shipping Lines, Inc.,” and the letter of intent identified “Monarch

Shipping Co. Ltd.” as the shipping company. Doc. 147 at 25–26.

      Zamor did not testify or present any witnesses in his defense. The jury

found Zamor guilty on both counts.

   B. Post-Conviction Proceedings

      1. Motion for a New Trial

      Zamor appealed his convictions, arguing, among other things, that the

government presented insufficient evidence to convict him of violating 18 U.S.C.

§ 922(e). We affirmed, concluding there was sufficient evidence to support

Zamor’s convictions. See Zamor, 746 F. App’x at 962. Shortly after our decision

issued, Zamor filed in the district court a motion for a new trial based on four

      3
          “Doc.” numbers refer to the district court’s docket entries.

                                                  4
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pieces of allegedly newly discovered evidence.4 First, he contended that Sullivan’s

affidavit in support of the criminal complaint,5 which stated that Gilles, the

intended recipient of the firearms, was not a licensed firearms importer,

manufacturer, dealer, or collector, was false because Sullivan did not have Gilles’s

date of birth and thus could not have searched for her in ATF’s database. He also

observed that Sullivan’s involvement in similar prosecutions showed Sullivan was

aware that § 922(e) did not require “any ATF information to determine . . .

licensing,” and thus Sullivan knew he was “swear[ing] to a false material

statement” in the affidavit. Doc. 199 at 3–4.

       Second, Zamor asserted that Marie Mathurin, his children’s mother, would

now provide testimony rebutting that of Holmes—testimony she would have

provided earlier if not for Sullivan threatening her with arrest. He submitted an

affidavit from Mathurin stating that Holmes never saw anything being placed in

the container other than boxes, a rug, and furniture and that Sullivan threatened to

arrest her if she tried to testify on Zamor’s behalf.

       4
         Zamor filed a motion for a new trial based on three pieces of allegedly newly
discovered evidence and then, ten days later, supplemented his motion with an additional piece
of evidence.
       5
         Before seeking an indictment, the government filed a criminal complaint against Zamor
for attempting to unlawfully export firearms and ammunition through a common carrier. The
complaint included an affidavit signed by Sullivan recounting the government’s investigation
and stating that, according to ATF records, Zamor and Gilles were not licensed firearms
importers, manufacturers, dealers, or collectors.

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        Third, Zamor contended that Sullivan improperly conversed with a juror on

the first day of trial. This contention was based on a letter of support from his

mother that was submitted to the district court with his sentencing memorandum.

        Fourth, Zamor alleged that Monarch Shipping Lines, the company he hired

to ship the container, was not a common carrier as required by 18 U.S.C. § 922(e).

He relied on the response to his Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request,

which revealed that “Monarch Shipping Lines Inc.” was not licensed by the

Federal Maritime Commission (FMC). Doc. 204 at 1–2. Although FMC’s records

indicated “Monarch Shipping Co. Ltd.” was a registered common carrier, Zamor

argued that because the government presented evidence that he delivered the

container to “Monarch Shipping Lines Inc.,” it could not establish that he violated

§ 922(e).

        2. Evidentiary Hearing

        Before ruling on Zamor’s motion for a new trial, the district court held a

two-day evidentiary hearing.6 At the beginning of the hearing, the court addressed

the government’s filing of Brady/Giglio forms. After reviewing the information in

camera, the court determined that if during the hearing “something’s opened the

        6
         The day before the evidentiary hearing, the government filed law enforcement witness
Brady/Giglio forms for Sullivan and ATF Agent Sara Connors and moved to seal them. The
forms required the agents to disclose, among other things, “any pending complaints,
investigations, or disciplinary actions . . . relating to the performance of [their] official duties.”
Doc. 231 at 3. That same day, the district court granted the government’s motion to seal.

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door to this information, or it’s relevant,” then the court would order disclosure.

Doc. 242 at 10. The district court later issued an order finding that “[a]t this point,

no disclosure [of the Brady/Giglio information] is appropriate.” Doc. 236 at 1.

      Zamor called several witnesses at the hearing. ATF Agent Sara Connors

testified that Sullivan asked her to determine whether Zamor, Zamor’s father, or

Gilles had a firearms license. Connors said she did not personally search these

names in ATF’s database but instead asked a colleague to do so. Connors also

confirmed that she had no identifying information for Gilles other than her name.

      Zamor’s mother, Gerta Voltaire, testified that during the trial she saw

Sullivan having a “very friendly conversation” with a juror, but she did not hear

what the two discussed. Doc. 242 at 27. She testified that when this conversation

occurred, the judge, the lawyers, and the other jurors were in the courtroom.

Voltaire testified that during the trial she informed Zamor’s attorney about her

observation.

      Zamor also called Sullivan, who testified that Connors informed him that

neither Zamor, Zamor’s father, nor Gilles was a federally licensed firearms

importer, manufacturer, dealer, or collector. He testified that he did not have

Gilles’s date of birth, social security number, or address and that he did not know

who at the ATF ran Gilles’s information. When asked about Monarch, Sullivan

said he believed it was a common carrier, referencing a document that listed

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“Monarch Shipping, Ltd.” as a registered “VOCC” or “vessel operating common

carrier.” Id. at 55. Sullivan denied conversing with a juror and denied threatening

Mathurin.

       Before hearing testimony on the second day, the district court addressed

Zamor’s motion for disclosure of Sullivan’s grand jury testimony. 7 The district

court denied the motion as moot because the government had already provided

Zamor with the requested grand jury testimony during trial.

       Zamor recalled Sullivan, who testified that he searched for Gilles’s name in

a government database that “holds information on [firearms] licenses.” Doc. 283

at 9. The search yielded no results, indicating Gilles had no firearms license.

Next, Mathurin testified that when she arrived at Zamor’s storage unit he was not

there, and she did not know if the storage unit was empty. She then testified that

federal agents “mistreated,” “screamed at,” and threatened to arrest her if she failed

to tell the truth before the grand jury. Id. at 20. She also reported that after she

testified before the grand jury, federal agents came to her home and threatened her

again. On cross examination, Mathurin acknowledged she testified before the

grand jury that she had not been threatened by the government. She also stated

that had she been called by Zamor’s attorney, she would have testified at trial. The

       7
        At the end of the first day of the hearing, the court continued the proceedings for about
two weeks. Between hearings, Zamor filed a motion for disclosure of Sullivan’s grand jury
testimony.

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government then called Sullivan, who testified that he never threatened Mathurin

or saw anyone else threaten her.

      3. Denial of the Motion for a New Trial

      After the hearing, the district court denied Zamor’s motion for a new trial.

The court addressed each piece of allegedly newly discovered evidence. First,

regarding Sullivan’s affidavit, the court concluded that Zamor had shown “[n]o

impropriety” as there was no evidence that Gilles’s name alone was insufficient to

conduct a search; moreover, “there would be no remedy for any perceived problem

with a [criminal] complaint when the Grand Jury later indicted Zamor and the trial

jury later convicted him.” Doc. 265 at 1. The court also emphasized that Zamor’s

complaints about the sufficiency of the evidence regarding whether Gilles was a

licensed firearms dealer were “not newly discovered,” as he had been levying these

complaints “for years.” Id. at 5. Additionally, Zamor had not shown that Gilles or

“anyone [else] had a license in this case.” Id.

      Second, the court determined that neither Mathurin’s affidavit nor her

hearing testimony warranted a new trial. The court concluded that Mathurin’s

testimony was not “newly discovered evidence” because the defense had

considered her as a possible witness at trial. Id. at 6. Additionally, she was not a

credible witness because her testimony at the hearing contradicted her testimony

before the grand jury that she had not been threatened. The court also found that

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given the “strong circumstantial evidence in this case,” Mathurin’s testimony

would not have changed the outcome. Id.

      Third, the district court determined that Voltaire’s letter did not warrant

further action because “[a] friendly conversation [with a juror] does not warrant

any relief.” Id. The court found that “credible testimony” indicated “no such

conversation occurred, particularly in open court during the trial” and Voltaire was

“simply mistaken.” Id. Further, the jury received instructions not to discuss the

case with anyone, which the court presumed the jury followed.

      Fourth, the court rejected Zamor’s contention that Monarch Shipping Lines,

Inc. was not a common carrier because “[i]t appears that they are.” Id. (citing Doc.

215 at 9 (noting that Monarch Shipping Co. Ltd. is a “VOCC,” a vessel operating

common carrier)). Whether Monarch “is a Ltd. or an Inc.,” the district court

explained, “would not have impacted the result in this case . . . . [because] [n]o

prejudice has been shown.” Id. at 6–7.

      This is Zamor’s appeal.

                        II.     STANDARD OF REVIEW

      We review for an abuse of discretion a district court’s denial of a motion for

new trial under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 33, whether that denial is

based on newly discovered evidence or on a Brady/Giglio violation. United States

v. Vallejo, 297 F.3d 1154, 1163 (11th Cir. 2002). Likewise, we review a district

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court’s denial of a motion to disclose grand jury testimony for an abuse of

discretion. United Kingdom v. United States, 238 F.3d 1312, 1320–21 (11th Cir.

2001).

      “A district court abuses its discretion when it misapplies the law in reaching

its decision or bases its decision on findings of fact that are clearly erroneous.”

United States v. Scrushy, 721 F.3d 1288, 1303 (11th Cir. 2013) (internal quotation

marks omitted). “A factual finding is clearly erroneous when, upon review of the

evidence, we are left with a definite and firm conviction a mistake has been made.”

United States v. Dimitrovski, 782 F.3d 622, 628 (11th Cir. 2015). Where the facts

give rise to “two reasonable and different constructions, the factfinder’s choice

between them cannot be clearly erroneous.” United States v. Almedina, 686 F.3d

1312, 1315 (11th Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks omitted).

                                III.    DISCUSSION

      Zamor raises two arguments on appeal. First, he argues that the district

court erred in denying his motion for a new trial based allegedly newly discovered

evidence. Second, he contends that the district court improperly denied his

requests for disclosure of grand jury testimony and Brady/Giglio materials,

warranting a new trial. We consider each argument in turn.

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   A. Motion for a New Trial Based on Newly Discovered Evidence

      A defendant may file a motion for a new trial based on newly discovered

evidence, and the district court “may vacate [the] judgment and grant a new trial if

the interest of justice so requires.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 33(a), (b)(1). Although

“[m]otions for a new trial are highly disfavored” and should be granted “only with

great caution,” evidence “that would afford reasonable grounds to question the

integrity of the verdict” may be grounds for a new trial based on newly discovered

evidence. Scrushy, 721 F.3d at 1304 (alterations adopted) (internal quotation

marks omitted). Newly discovered evidence “need not relate directly to the issue

of guilt or innocence to justify a new trial, but may be probative of another issue of

law.” United States v. Campa, 459 F.3d 1121, 1151 (11th Cir. 2006) (internal

quotation marks omitted). For instance, “a Brady violation, as well as questions

regarding the fairness or impartiality of a jury, may be grounds for a new trial.” Id.

      To succeed on a motion for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence,

a movant must establish that: (1) the evidence was discovered after trial; (2) the

movant’s failure to discover the evidence was not due to his lack of diligence;

(3) the evidence is not merely cumulative or impeaching; (4) the evidence is

material; and (5) the evidence is of such a nature that a new trial would probably

produce a different result. United States v. Caldwell, 963 F.3d 1067, 1078–79

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(11th Cir. 2020). “Failure to satisfy any one of those elements is fatal to a motion

for a new trial.” United States v. Taohim, 817 F.3d 1215, 1223 (11th Cir. 2013).

      Zamor contends the district court abused its discretion by denying his

motion for a new trial based on four pieces of allegedly newly discovered

evidence: (1) Sullivan’s and Connors’s misrepresentation of Gilles’s firearms

licensure status, (2) Mathurin’s affidavit stating that Sullivan threatened her to

influence her testimony, (3) Voltaire’s letter indicating that Sullivan had improper

contact with a juror, and (4) documents suggesting that Monarch Shipping Lines

Inc. is not a common carrier. We reject his arguments for the reasons below.

      First, we are unpersuaded by Zamor’s argument that the agents’ alleged

misrepresentations concerning Gilles’s firearms license warrant a new trial. As an

initial matter, Connors did not testify at trial and Sullivan did not testify about the

licensure issue at trial, so they could not have given false trial testimony about that

issue. Further, Zamor’s evidence did not undermine the trial testimony of ATF

Examiner Anderson, who testified that Gilles did not have a federal firearms

license. At trial Anderson did not explain how she searched Gilles’s information,

and she was not asked about it. Thus, Zamor’s contentions that Gilles’s name

alone was insufficient to conduct a search, or that Sullivan and Connors never

“properly conducted a search on [] Gilles,” Appellant’s Br. at 27, do not contradict,

and at best would “merely impeach[],” Taohim, 817 F.3d at 1223, Anderson’s trial

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testimony that Gilles lacked a federal firearms license. Given Anderson’s

testimony, it is not clear that Connors or Sullivan testified falsely at the evidentiary

hearing. And Zamor presented no evidence that Gilles or Zamor had a firearms

license, so a new trial “would not likely produce a different result.” Id.

       Second, we reject Zamor’s argument that Mathurin’s testimony warrants a

new trial. Mathurin’s testimony is not newly discovered evidence because she was

considered as a potential defense witness and was available to testify at trial. See

United States v. Beasley, 582 F.2d 337, 339 (5th Cir. 1978) (“[W]here a party fails

to call a witness who was available during trial, the testimony of that witness

cannot be considered newly discovered evidence.”).8 Moreover, we defer to the

district court’s finding that Mathurin was not credible because her testimony that

she was threatened was contradicted by her grand jury testimony and Sullivan’s

testimony. See Rivers v. United States, 777 F.3d 1306, 1317 (11th Cir. 2015)

(noting that we defer to the district court’s credibility determinations “unless the

court’s understanding of the facts appears to be unbelievable” (internal quotation

marks omitted)).

       Third, Zamor’s juror-contact claim fails because Voltaire’s testimony was

not newly discovered after the trial. See Taohim, 817 F.3d at 1223 (“A new trial

       8
        In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc), we
adopted as binding precedent all Fifth Circuit decisions issued before October 1, 1981.

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based on newly discovered evidence is warranted if . . . the evidence [is]

discovered following the trial[.]”). Voltaire testified that during the trial she

informed Zamor’s attorney of Sullivan’s communication with the juror. And we

defer to the district court’s finding that the credible testimony indicated no

improper conversation between Sullivan and a juror had occurred. See Rivers,

777 F.3d at 1317.

      Fourth, we reject Zamor’s contention that the material he received in

response to his FOIA request indicating “Monarch Shipping Lines Inc.” is not a

common carrier warrants a new trial. As Zamor concedes, FMC’s response to his

FOIA request included documents establishing that “Monarch Shipping Co. Ltd.”

is a registered common carrier. At trial, the government presented evidence

establishing that “Monarch Shipping Co. Ltd.” sought to ship Zamor’s container

from Florida to Haiti. And Monarch’s employee, Teeters, testified that Monarch

“contract[s] with people to . . . ship things [from the United States] to other

countries.” Doc. 111 at 169. Although Teeters did not distinguish between

Monarch’s corporate entities, “[w]hether a transportation agency is a common

carrier depends not upon its corporate character . . . but upon what it does.” Lone

Star Steel Co. v. McGee, 380 F.2d 640, 648 (5th Cir. 1967) (internal quotation

marks omitted). Evidence suggesting that “Monarch Shipping Lines Inc.” is not a

registered common carrier in no way contradicts the evidence adduced at trial.

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Thus, there is no reason to suggest a new trial would be “likely to produce an

acquittal.” United States v. Hirst, 668 F.2d 1180, 1185 (11th Cir. 1982).

Additionally, Zamor provided no explanation as to why he or his attorney could

not have submitted the FOIA request, or discovered this evidence, before trial

through the exercise of due diligence. See Caldwell, 963 F.3d at 1078 (“[A]

movant must establish that . . . [his] failure to discover the evidence was not due to

his lack of diligence[.]”).

       We conclude that as to all four pieces of allegedly newly discovered

evidence, Zamor has failed to establish he is entitled to relief. We therefore affirm

the district court’s denial of his motion for a new trial.

   B. Grand Jury and Brady/Giglio Claims

       Zamor argues that the district court improperly denied his request for

Sullivan’s grand jury testimony and Brady/Giglio materials related to Sullivan and

Connors because these materials were “crucial and necessary” for him to attack the

agents’ testimony regarding Gilles’s firearms licensure status. Appellant’s Reply

Br. at 22–23. Accordingly, he contends, a new trial is warranted. 9 We disagree.

       9
          The government asserts that we lack jurisdiction to consider Zamor’s argument that the
district court erred by denying his requests for grand jury and Brady/Giglio materials because he
failed to file a notice of appeal with respect to these orders. See Appellee’s Br. at 28 (citing Fed.
R. App. P. 3(c)(1)(B) (requiring that the notice of appeal “designate the judgment, order, or part
thereof being appealed”)). We reject the government’s argument. “[W]hen a notice of appeal
designates the final, appealable order—and does not identify specific parts of that order for
appeal—we have jurisdiction to review that order and any earlier interlocutory orders that
produced the judgment.” Auto. Alignment & Body Serv., Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.,
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       Zamor has not demonstrated a need for Sullivan’s grand jury testimony.

Parties seeking disclosure of grand jury testimony must “show[] that they have a

compelling and particular need for the grand jury material in order to avoid an

injustice and that their need for disclosure outweighs the secrecy need.” United

States v. Aisenberg, 358 F.3d 1327, 1349 (11th Cir. 2004). And “the district court

has substantial discretion in determining whether grand jury materials should be

released.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). Zamor argues that he was

entitled to Sullivan’s grand jury testimony because it would show that “Sullivan

lied [to] the grand jury” about Gilles’s firearms licensure status. Appellant’s Reply

Br. at 22–23. Sullivan’s supposed misrepresentations regarding Gilles’s firearms

license do not demonstrate a “compelling need” for disclosure that is “required by

the ends of justice.” Aisenberg, 358 F.3d at 1349 (internal quotation marks

omitted). The jury heard Anderson’s uncontested testimony that Gilles did not

have a firearms license. What is more, the district court did not abuse its

“substantial discretion” in denying the request as moot because the government

had previously provided Zamor’s trial attorney with Sullivan’s grand jury

953 F.3d 707, 724–25 (11th Cir. 2020). Zamor’s notice of appeal designated the district court’s
final order denying his motion for a new trial; he did not limit the scope of the appeal by
“identify[ing] specific parts of that order for appeal.” Id. at 725. Because the district court’s
orders denying Zamor’s requests for grand jury and Brady/Giglio materials were not final orders
“end[ing] the litigation on the merits,” Love v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 865 F.3d 1322, 1325 (11th
Cir. 2017) (internal quotation marks omitted), and they were relevant to the court’s final order
denying a new trial, we have jurisdiction to consider them. See Auto. Alignment, 953 F.3d at
725.

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testimony. Id. On appeal, Zamor does not dispute the district court’s mootness

finding and offers no explanation for why he cannot obtain the testimony from his

former counsel.

      The district court also did not abuse its discretion in denying Zamor’s

request for Brady/Giglio materials. To establish a Brady violation, the defendant

must show that: (1) the government possessed evidence favorable to the

defendant, (2) the defendant did not possess the evidence and could not have

obtained it with due diligence, (3) the government suppressed the evidence, and

(4) there was a reasonable probability of a different outcome had the evidence been

disclosed to the defendant. Vallejo, 297 F.3d at 1164. “The mere possibility that

an item of undisclosed information might have helped the defense, or might have

affected the outcome of the trial, does not establish prejudice.” United States v.

Brester, 786 F.3d 1335, 1339 (11th Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted).

“[T]o succeed on a Giglio challenge, the defendant must demonstrate that the

prosecutor knowingly used perjured testimony, or failed to correct what he

subsequently learned was false testimony, and that the falsehood was material.”

Vallejo, 297 F.3d at 1163–64 (internal quotation marks omitted). Testimony is

“material” if “there is a reasonable likelihood [it] could have affected the judgment

of the jury.” United States v. McNair, 605 F.3d 1152, 1208 (11th Cir. 2010).

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      After reviewing the sealed Brady/Giglio materials, we conclude that none of

it indicates Sullivan or Connors provided false testimony. Further, Zamor has

failed to establish that there is “reasonable probability” that the material would

have changed the verdict. Vallejo, 297 F.3d at 1164. Again, the jury heard

uncontested testimony from another ATF employee that Gilles did not have a

federal firearms license. “[M]ere speculation or allegations” that the sealed

materials are exculpatory or might affect the outcome of the trial are insufficient.

United States v. Jordan, 316 F.3d 1215, 1252 n.81 (11th Cir. 2003). Thus, we

discern no reversible error in the district court’s denial of Zamor’s requests for

grand jury testimony and sealed Brady/Giglio materials.

                               IV.    CONCLUSION

      For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the district court’s denial of Zamor’s

motion for a new trial and requests for grand jury testimony and sealed

Brady/Giglio materials.

      AFFIRMED.

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