Court Opinion

ID: 2642498
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-11-16 00:14:07.493326+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:29:43.609672
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                             JUL 22 2013
 1                                                       SUSAN M SPRAUL, CLERK
                                                           U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
                                                           OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 2
 3                  UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
 4                            OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 5   In re:                        )       BAP No.   AZ-12-1544-TaAhJu
                                   )
 6   BRETT GORDON PEKRUL,          )       Bk. No.   11-22774-GBN
                                   )
 7                  Debtor.        )
     ______________________________)
 8                                 )
     WEIMAR INVESTMENTS, INC.,     )
 9                                 )
                    Appellant,     )
10                                 )
     v.                            )       MEMORANDUM*
11                                 )
     FIRST FINANCIAL BANK, N.A.,   )
12                                 )
                    Appellee.      )
13                                 )
14                   Argued and Submitted on June 21, 2013
                               at Phoenix, Arizona
15
                             Filed - July 22, 2013
16
               Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
17                       for the District of Arizona
18     Honorable George B. Nielsen, Jr., Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding
19
     Appearances:     Robert P. Bettinger argued for appellant Weimar
20                    Investments, Inc.; Andrew V. Hardenbrook of Snell
                      & Wilmer LLP argued for appellee First Financial
21                    Bank, N.A.
22
     Before:   TAYLOR, AHART,** and JURY, Bankruptcy Judges.
23
24
          *
            This disposition is not appropriate for publication.
25   Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may
     have (see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1), it has no precedential value.
26
     See 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8013-1.
27        **
            The Honorable Alan M. Ahart, Bankruptcy Judge for the
28   Central District of California, sitting by designation.

                                       1
 1                              INTRODUCTION1
 2        The bankruptcy court granted a motion brought by First
 3   Financial Bank, N.A. (“First Financial”) and held Weimar
 4   Investments, Inc. (“Weimar”) in civil contempt.   The bankruptcy
 5   court subsequently denied Weimar’s motion for reconsideration of
 6   the contempt order and then awarded attorneys’ fees to First
 7   Financial.   Weimar appeals from the contempt order, the denial of
 8   its motion for reconsideration, and the award of attorneys’ fees.
 9   We AFFIRM.
10                                  FACTS
11                             Pre-Bankruptcy
12        In 2005, two borrowers obtained a loan from First
13   Financial's predecessor-in-interest.   A deed of trust (the “Deed
14   of Trust”) with respect to real property located in Las Vegas,
15   Nevada (the “Property”) secured their obligations.   The borrowers
16   eventually defaulted, and a trustee's sale was scheduled.
17                          The Hammer Bankruptcy
18        Weimar apparently was in the foreclosure avoidance business.
19   Just two weeks prior to the scheduled trustee's sale, Weimar
20   recorded a Grant Deed that transferred a 1% interest in the
21   Property from a borrower to John W. Hammer (“Hammer”), a
22   chapter 13 debtor.   Hammer, thereafter, added his newly acquired
23   “1/100th” interest in the Property to his Schedule A, and Weimar
24   then contacted the trustee under the Deed of Trust, advised of
25
          1
            Unless otherwise indicated, all chapter and section
26   references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532.
27   “Rule” references are to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy
     Procedure, and “Civil Rule” references are to the Federal Rules
28   of Civil Procedure.

                                      2
 1   the transfer and Hammer’s bankruptcy, and requested cancellation
 2   of the foreclosure sale.      First Financial immediately sought and
 3   obtained relief from the automatic stay in Hammer's bankruptcy
 4   case.       A trustee’s sale was re-scheduled for the following month.
 5                         Debtor's Chapter 13 Bankruptcy
 6           On August 9, 2011, Brett Gordon Pekrul (“Debtor”) filed a
 7   skeletal chapter 13 petition.      On October 18, 2011, Weimar
 8   recorded a Grant Deed transferring a 1% interest in the Property
 9   to Debtor,2 who thereafter added the “1/100th” interest in the
10   Property to his Schedule A.      Once again, Weimar contacted the
11   trustee under the Deed of Trust and requested cancellation of the
12   trustee's sale.      And, once again, First Financial sought and
13   obtained emergency stay relief.
14                          Rule 2004 Orders and Subpoena
15           As a result of Weimar’s involvement in the Debtor's
16   bankruptcy case, First Financial sought and obtained an order
17   allowing a Rule 2004 examination of Weimar and requiring the
18   production of documents pursuant to Rule 2004 from Weimar
19   (“Rule 2004 Order”).      The Rule 2004 Order established
20   December 23, 2011, as the deadline for Weimar to produce the
21   requested documents.      First Financial's attorney subsequently
22   served Weimar with a subpoena based on the Rule 2004 Order
23   (“Subpoena”).
24           At Weimar's request, First Financial informally extended the
25
26           2
            Over the next five months, the Debtor amended his
27   Schedule A approximately 12 times. Each time, he added
     additional real property based on an "undivided 1/100th" interest
28   therein.

                                          3
 1   deadline to produce the requested documents to January 6, 2012
 2   and then to January 13, 2012.   On January 23, 2012, ten days
 3   after the second extension date, Weimar finally produced more
 4   than 600 pages of documents to First Financial.      After review,
 5   however, First Financial deemed the production incomplete and so
 6   advised Weimar.   Weimar then requested a further extension of the
 7   production deadline; First Financial agreed.
 8        In connection with this extension, the parties formally
 9   stipulated to an extension of the deadline and obtained a
10   bankruptcy court order approving their agreements (“Stipulation
11   Order” and, jointly with the Rule 2004 Order, “Orders”). The
12   Stipulation Order extended the deadline for production to
13   February 2, 2012.   It further approved Weimar’s agreed submission
14   to bankruptcy court jurisdiction and waiver of any objection to
15   the Rule 2004 Order or Subpoena.       Once again, however, Weimar
16   failed to produce documents as required by the Stipulation Order.
17        At the subsequent Rule 2004 examination, First Financial
18   agreed yet again to extend the document production deadline.         But
19   again, Weimar did not produce any additional documents.
20         In the background of these production issues, Weimar and
21   its President, Michael Kaplan (“Kaplan”), were the subjects of a
22   search and seizure warrant for premises in Tempe, Arizona.       While
23   this was a distraction, the issues arose only after Weimar’s
24   initial non-compliance.
25                             Contempt Order
26        Eventually, First Financial moved for an order: (1) holding
27   Weimar in contempt of court; (2) compelling the production of
28   documents; (3) imposing a per diem fine for its noncompliance;

                                        4
 1   and (4) awarding reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs (the
 2   “Contempt Motion”).
 3           At an initial hearing, Weimar's counsel insisted that
 4   Kaplan, as Weimar's sole or principal shareholder, be allowed to
 5   personally appear and defend and explained that Kaplan’s recent
 6   brain tumor diagnosis prevented an appearance at the current
 7   hearing.    He also discussed the ongoing criminal investigation
 8   and asserted that Weimar/Kaplan had the right to assert their
 9   respective Fifth Amendment rights.     As a result of problems with
10   telephone reception for parties appearing telephonically, the
11   bankruptcy court continued the hearing.
12           At the continued hearing, Weimar raised a new argument,
13   alleging collusion between First Financial and law enforcement
14   agencies; it requested an evidentiary hearing.    Weimar further
15   expanded on its Fifth Amendment privilege argument, asserting
16   that it applied because the information sought by First Financial
17   was personal in nature to Kaplan, rather than confined to
18   corporate documents.    First Financial argued against these points
19   and, in particular, denied collusion with law enforcement
20   agencies.
21           At the conclusion of oral argument, the bankruptcy court
22   rejected Weimar's assertion of Fifth Amendment privilege based on
23   Weimar’s waiver of any objections to the Rule 2004 Order pursuant
24   to the Stipulation Order and a determination that a corporate
25   entity was not entitled to assert that privilege.    The bankruptcy
26   court also emphasized that the pending criminal investigation did
27   not automatically stay discovery proceedings in a bankruptcy
28   case.    Thus, the bankruptcy court determined that Weimar

                                        5
 1   expressly violated the Rule 2004 Order, the Stipulation Order,
 2   and the Subpoena.    It also required Weimar to produce the
 3   remaining requested documents by May 18, 2012, and continued the
 4   hearing on the Contempt Motion for status.     On May 11, 2012, the
 5   bankruptcy court entered an order granting the Contempt Motion
 6   (“Contempt Order”).
 7        During this time, the bankruptcy court also dismissed with
 8   prejudice and closed the Debtor’s bankruptcy case.    But it
 9   specifically retained jurisdiction over the Contempt Motion and
10   related matters.
11                           Motion to Reconsider
12        On the eve of a continued status hearing, Weimar filed a
13   motion for reconsideration (“Motion to Reconsider”), which it
14   supported with Kaplan's declaration.   In these documents, Weimar
15   asserted for the first time that it timely produced approximately
16   600 pages to First Financial and that neither Weimar, Kaplan, nor
17   any employees possessed other documents responsive to the Orders.
18   It alleged that based on this compliance, contempt did not exist;
19   thus, it requested that the bankruptcy court reverse the Contempt
20   Order.   Weimar also asserted that it was entitled to due process
21   rights, including a jury trial and a standard of proof beyond a
22   reasonable doubt.    At the status hearing, the bankruptcy court
23   scheduled the matter for argument.
24        At the subsequent hearing, Weimar reasserted and expanded on
25   its new arguments.    It attempted to explain its lapse in failing
26   to immediately advise of its alleged full compliance as a result
27   of a change in counsel.   It further asserted that any delay was
28   inadvertent.   When the bankruptcy court pointed out that Weimar,

                                       6
 1   as the client, was still responsible for informing First
 2   Financial and the bankruptcy court of its compliance, Weimar
 3   responded that Kaplan had a brain tumor and then a stroke, which
 4   rendered him unavailable to counsel.
 5        At the conclusion of arguments, the bankruptcy court orally
 6   ruled and denied the Motion to Reconsider.   Applying Civil
 7   Rule 59(e), it held that grounds for reconsideration did not
 8   exist.    The bankruptcy court concluded that First Financial was
 9   entitled to compensation.   The bankruptcy court entered a minute
10   entry/order denying the Motion to Reconsider on July 17, 2012.
11                                Fees Award
12        First Financial next submitted an Application for Attorneys’
13   Fees and requested an award of $24,135 for reasonable attorneys’
14   fees and costs incurred in seeking Weimar’s compliance with the
15   Orders.   Attached was an affidavit from First Financial’s counsel
16   and an itemized report of legal services provided with respect to
17   the Rule 2004 Order and related proceedings.   First Financial’s
18   counsel stated that the itemized legal services were performed by
19   counsel and were actually, reasonably, and necessarily incurred
20   expenses.
21        At the final hearing on October 10, 2012, Weimar argued that
22   the fees requested were excessive.    In response, the bankruptcy
23   court remarked that while the fees tilted toward the higher
24   range, the matters were not necessarily routine, and, therefore,
25   the fees were reasonable.   It, thus, allowed the requested fees.
26        On October 23, 2012, the bankruptcy court entered an order
27   granting the application (“Fees Award”).   Weimar timely appealed.
28

                                       7
 1                                JURISDICTION
 2           The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
 3   §§ 1334 and 157(b)(1) and (b)(2)(A).     As discussed below, we have
 4   jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158.
 5                                   ISSUES
 6           Did the bankruptcy court err in: (1) finding Weimar in civil
 7   contempt; (2) denying the Motion to Reconsider; or (3) awarding
 8   attorneys’ fees to First Financial?
 9                             STANDARD OF REVIEW
10           We review the following decisions of the bankruptcy court
11   for abuse of discretion: imposition of civil contempt, denial of
12   a motion for reconsideration, and sanctions for civil contempt
13   under § 105(a).    Knupfer v. Lindblade (In re Dyer), 322 F.3d
14   1178, 1191 (9th Cir. 2003) (imposing civil contempt); Fadel v.
15   DCB United LLC (In re Fadel), 492 B.R. 1, 9 (9th Cir. BAP 2013)
16   (denying motion for reconsideration); Rosales v. Wallace
17   (In re Wallace), 490 B.R. 898, 904-05 (9th Cir. BAP 2013)
18   (awarding sanctions for civil contempt).       The underlying factual
19   findings are reviewed for clear error.      In re Dyer, 322 F.3d at
20   1191.
21           An evaluation of abuse of discretion is a two-prong test;
22   first, we determine de novo whether the bankruptcy court
23   identified the correct legal rule for application.      See United
24   States v. Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247, 1261-62 (9th Cir. 2009)
25   (en banc).    If so, we review whether the bankruptcy court’s
26   application of the legal rule was clearly erroneous; we will
27   affirm unless its findings were illogical, implausible, or
28   without support in the record.    See id. at 1262.

                                        8
 1        We may affirm on any basis on the record.    Caviata Attached
 2   Homes, LLC v. U.S. Bank, N.A. (In re Caviata Attached Homes,
 3   LLC), 481 B.R. 34, 44 (9th Cir. BAP 2012).
 4                                 DISCUSSION
 5   A.   The scope of the appeal.
 6        Following Weimar’s notice of appeal, First Financial moved
 7   to dismiss the appeal as untimely to the extent Weimar sought
 8   review of the Contempt Order or denial of the Motion to
 9   Reconsider.   A motions panel denied this motion, as it determined
10   that the Contempt Order was not final and appealable until entry
11   of an order awarding attorneys’ fees as a sanction.   See
12   Weyerhaeuser Co. v. Int'l Longshoremen's & Warehousemen's Union,
13   733 F.2d 645, 645 (9th Cir. 1984); Donovan v. Mazzola, 761 F.2d
14   1411, 1417 (9th Cir. 1985).    It further determined that the
15   Contempt Order and denial of the Motion to Reconsider merged into
16   the final Fees Award and, thus, are subject to this appeal.     See
17   Am. Ironworks & Erectors, Inc. v. N. Am. Const. Corp., 248 F.3d
18   892, 898-99 (9th Cir. 2001).
19        We agree with the motions panel and conclude that the scope
20   of this appeal includes the Contempt Order and the denial of the
21   Motion to Reconsider.
22   B.   The bankruptcy court did not err in finding Weimar in civil
          contempt.
23
24        The bankruptcy court found Weimar in contempt based on the
25   latter’s failure to comply with the Orders and Subpoena.    First
26   Financial's Contempt Motion requested relief pursuant to § 105(a)
27   which provides bankruptcy courts with civil contempt authority.
28   In re Dyer, 322 F.3d at 1192.    We agree that the bankruptcy court

                                       9
 1   granted Financial First's requested relief pursuant to this
 2   authority, rather than as a discovery sanction.
 3        In determining whether a party is in civil contempt, the
 4   movant bears the burden of showing by clear and convincing
 5   evidence that the contemnor violated a specific and definite
 6   order of the bankruptcy court.    Id. at 1190-91.     If the movant
 7   meets this showing, the burden shifts to the contemnor to explain
 8   its inability to comply.    In re Wallace, 490 B.R. at 905.     A
 9   party who fails to take reasonable steps within its power to
10   insure compliance with a bankruptcy court's order in turn fails
11   to act as ordered by the court.    Id.
12        The record adequately supports the bankruptcy court’s
13   findings.   The bankruptcy court entered two orders: the Rule 2004
14   Order and the Stipulation Order.       Both were specific and definite
15   orders of the bankruptcy court.    First Financial’s counsel served
16   the Subpoena based on the bankruptcy court’s Rule 2004 Order.
17   Weimar received extensions – four times – of the deadline to
18   produce the requested documents.       Weimar never denied that it
19   violated the bankruptcy court’s specific orders by failing to
20   timely produce documents.   Instead, it belatedly tried to defend
21   itself by asserting objections - objections explicitly waived in
22   the Stipulation Order.
23        Weimar’s argument that a criminal investigation involving
24   Kaplan armed it with a good faith basis to essentially disregard
25   the Orders and the Subpoena and that the Contempt Motion
26   implicated various constitutional rights (including its right to
27   due process and the privilege against self-incrimination, even if
28   not waived) lack merit.

                                       10
 1        First, the criminal investigation came to light only after
 2   Weimar’s initial act of contempt.
 3        Second, the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-
 4   incrimination does not extend to corporate entities in civil
 5   proceedings.   See Braswell v. United States, 487 U.S. 99, 105
 6   (1988) (privilege against self incrimination protects only
 7   natural persons, not corporations).    By its own terms, the
 8   Rule 2004 Order compelled the production of documents by Weimar,
 9   not Kaplan in his personal capacity.
10        Third, due process in a civil contempt proceeding solely
11   requires adequate notice and an opportunity to be heard.      See
12   Lasar v. Ford Motor Co., 399 F.3d 1101, 1110 (9th Cir. 2005).
13   Contrary to Weimar’s arguments, a party possibly subject to civil
14   contempt is “not entitled to the full panoply of procedural
15   protections that are normally reserved for defendants charged
16   with a criminal offense, such as an independent prosecutor, proof
17   beyond a reasonable doubt, and a jury trial.”   Id.   It is beyond
18   dispute here both that Weimar had notice of the contempt hearing
19   and that the bankruptcy court provided it with several
20   opportunities to appear and be heard.
21        Fourth, a criminal investigation does not stay a civil
22   proceeding.    See Fed. Sav. & Loan Ins. Corp. v. Molinaro,
23   889 F.2d 899, 902 (9th Cir. 1989) (no constitutional right to a
24   stay of civil proceedings pending the disposition of a parallel
25   criminal proceeding).   To the extent a party desires such a stay,
26   it must affirmatively seek and obtain such relief.    See id.       But
27   a party may never unilaterally decide that it simply will not
28   comply with a court order.

                                      11
 1        Weimar also alleges that the bankruptcy court’s
 2   characterizations of the criminal investigation and its failure
 3   to conduct an evidentiary hearing on the relationship between
 4   First Financial and law enforcement agencies were in error.      We
 5   disagree.   While Kaplan is Weimar’s president, Kaplan and Weimar
 6   are not synonymous entities.   Similarly, Weimar’s assertions as
 7   to an alleged conspiracy between First Financial and law
 8   enforcement agencies are irrelevant, as they do not justify
 9   Weimar’s complete disregard of a direct court order.
10        Finally, the record shows that Weimar’s failure to timely
11   produce documents pursuant to the Orders preceded Kaplan’s
12   illness by three or four months.     Similarly, the criminal
13   investigation surfaced approximately three months after entry of
14   the Rule 2004 Order.   Thus, these alleged excuses for delay are
15   not adequate to excuse Weimar’s contempt.
16        In sum, Weimar was subject to the Rule 2004 Order, the
17   Stipulation Order, and the Subpoena.    It sought and obtained two
18   informal extensions of the Rule 2004 Order, then belatedly
19   produced documents to First Financial.    When First Financial
20   challenged the completeness of this production, Weimar requested
21   yet another extension and agreed to the Stipulation Order.     At a
22   hearing, the bankruptcy court again ordered Weimar to produce
23   additional documents on or before May 18, 2012.    Weimar again
24   ignored the deadline established by the bankruptcy court.
25        On this record, the bankruptcy court’s findings were not
26   illogical, implausible, or without support from the record.
27   Therefore, based on the evidence before it, the bankruptcy court
28   did not abuse its discretion in finding Weimar in civil contempt.

                                     12
 1   C.   The bankruptcy court did not err in denying the Motion to
          Reconsider.
 2
 3        Weimar also asserts that the bankruptcy court erred in
 4   denying its Motion to Reconsider.      A court treats a “motion for
 5   reconsideration” as a motion to alter or amend a judgment or
 6   order under Civil Rule 59(e) (incorporated into bankruptcy cases
 7   by Rule 9023), if filed within 143 days of entry of the order.
 8   See Am. Ironworks & Erectors, Inc., 248 F.3d at 898-99.
 9   Otherwise, the bankruptcy court treats the motion as one for
10   relief from a judgment or order under Civil Rule 60(b)
11   (incorporated into bankruptcy cases by Rule 9024).     Id.
12        Here, Weimar moved for reconsideration exactly one month
13   after the bankruptcy court entered the Contempt Order.       Thus, the
14   Motion to Reconsider was subject to Civil Rule 60(b).     The
15   bankruptcy court, however, referred to Civil Rule 59(e) as the
16   basis for denial.   Consequently, the bankruptcy court did not
17   apply the correct legal standard.      We conclude, however, that
18   this error was harmless; there was no basis for reconsideration
19   under either of Civil Rules 59(e) or 60(b).     See, e.g., Fed. R.
20   Civ. P. 61 (incorporated into bankruptcy proceedings by
21   Rule 9005).
22        A court correctly denies a motion for reconsideration where
23   the movant merely rehashes arguments already presented or asserts
24   additional theories that could have been argued in connection
25   with the initial determination.    See In re Fadel, 492 B.R. at 18.
26
27        3
            Although Civil Rule 59(e) provides for 28 days, Rule 9023
28   expressly limits the timing to 14 days in bankruptcy cases.

                                       13
 1   The grounds for reconsideration under Civil Rule 60(b) are
 2   limited to six identified grounds for relief, including mistake.
 3   See Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(1)-(6).     For the purposes of Civil
 4   Rule 60(b)(1), mistake generally entails “circumstance[s] where
 5   there is some reason for confusion or misunderstanding by the
 6   parties.”    In re Walker, 332 B.R. 820, 829 (Bankr. D. Nev. 2005);
 7   see also Latshaw v. Trainer Wortham & Co., Inc., 452 F.3d 1097,
 8   1101 (9th Cir. 2006) (party is not “released from a poor
 9   litigation decision made because of inaccurate information or
10   advice . . . .”).
11        Weimar predominantly based its request for reconsideration
12   on its alleged mistake in failing to understand and communicate
13   that the initial (untimely) production was complete.    The
14   bankruptcy court found that Weimar bore responsibility for
15   informing its counsel that it provided all the documents
16   responsive to the Orders and Subpoena.    The bankruptcy court
17   could not comprehend, based on the evidence before it, how Weimar
18   only belatedly discovered that it had produced all of the
19   responsive documents.   It expressly stated that Weimar’s own
20   actions (or inaction) resulted in the finding of contempt and,
21   thus, that Weimar failed to establish that reconsideration was
22   warranted.
23        The substance of the bankruptcy court’s ruling supports
24   denial of reconsideration based on “mistake” under Civil
25   Rule 60(b)(1).   Implicit in its ruling is its disbelief that
26   Weimar’s belated assertion resulted from legitimate confusion or
27   misunderstanding prior to the initial hearing.    The bankruptcy
28   court did not err in denying reconsideration where Weimar had the

                                      14
 1   ability to raise the issue in its initial opposition.   See
 2   In re Fadel, 492 B.R. at 18.
 3        Further, Weimar’s alleged mistake is an inadequate basis for
 4   reconsideration even if newly discovered.   This mistake never
 5   explains why the initial document production was late (and
 6   consequently, in clear violation of the Orders).
 7        Finally, the bankruptcy court did not err in disregarding
 8   this basis for reconsideration where the record is replete with
 9   instances of Weimar’s delay and actions that are inconsistent
10   with its subsequent position.   Weimar failed to respond to the
11   first scheduled deadline under the Rule 2004 Order and Subpoena;
12   it was ten days late in responding to the second informally
13   established deadline; it never responded to the third scheduled
14   deadline under the Stipulation Order or the fourth informally
15   established deadline; and it failed to respond by the May 18,
16   2012 deadline, notwithstanding the bankruptcy court’s express
17   instruction at the May 4, 2012 hearing.
18        Weimar continuously violated the Orders.   Its inaction
19   remains unexplained, and its “mistake” as to the scope of the
20   initial production, even if legitimate, was not objectively
21   reasonable and resulted in litigation decisions that wasted
22   judicial resources, harmed First Financial, and compounded the
23   existing contempt.   The bankruptcy court’s reasoning, even if
24   erroneously based on Civil Rule 59, supports the conclusion that
25   Weimar's “mistake” does not justify relief from the Contempt
26   Order under Civil Rule 60(b)(1).
27        In argument in connection with reconsideration, Weimar also
28   raised for the first time the assertion that its retention of new

                                     15
 1   counsel caused or contributed to its failure to timely explain
 2   that the initial production was complete.   The bankruptcy court
 3   did not err in rejecting this excuse.   Weimar obtained new
 4   counsel approximately two months after entry of the Rule 2004
 5   Order.4   In other words, these events all followed the Rule 2004
 6   Order production date by several months and, thus, fail to
 7   adequately explain Weimar’s initial untimely production, its
 8   subsequent failures to produce documents, or its initial
 9   admissions that additional documents existed.
10        On appeal, it also now argues that a prior counsel’s inept
11   representation constituted excusable neglect under Civil
12   Rule 60(b)(1).   This argument was not raised below, and, thus, we
13   will not consider it on appeal.    See Samson v. W. Capital
14   Partners, LLC (In re Blixseth), 684 F.3d 865, 872 n.12 (9th Cir.
15   2012) (appellate court may decline to address argument not raised
16   before bankruptcy court) (citation omitted).    Similarly, we
17   reject its other arguments raised only on appeal in connection
18   with reconsideration.   Finally, we also reject its arguments to
19   the extent they merely regurgitate arguments already made in
20   connection with the Contempt Motion.    See In re Fadel, 492 B.R.
21
22
          4
            Moreover, to the extent Weimar argues that its counsel’s
23   “mistakes” are to blame, its argument is similarly unavailing.
24   In Latshaw, the Ninth Circuit stated that, “[f]or purposes of
     [Civil Rule 60](b)(1), parties [are] bound by and accountable for
25   the deliberate actions of themselves and their chosen counsel.
     This includes not only an innocent, albeit careless or negligent,
26   attorney mistake, but also intentional attorney misconduct. Such
27   mistakes are more appropriately addressed through malpractice
     claims.” 452 F.3d at 1101. Thus, Weimar cannot now contend that
28   its counsel’s acts somehow constituted “mistake.”

                                       16
 1   at 18.
 2        We conclude that the substance of the bankruptcy court’s
 3   ruling supports denial of reconsideration under Civil
 4   Rule 60(b)(1).   Thus, the bankruptcy court did not abuse its
 5   discretion in denying Weimar’s Motion to Reconsider.
 6   D.   The bankruptcy court did not err in awarding attorneys’ fees
          based on Weimar’s contempt.
 7
 8        Finally, Weimar argues that the bankruptcy court erred in
 9   awarding attorneys' fees pursuant to the Contempt Order.
10        Sanctions for civil contempt may be imposed based on one or
11   both of the following: (1) to compel or coerce obedience with
12   respect to a court order; or (2) to compensate the opposing party
13   for damages resulting from the contemnor's noncompliance.
14   Shuffler v. Heritage Bank, 720 F.2d 1141, 1147 (9th Cir. 1983);
15   see also In re Dyer, 322 F.3d at 1195 (“[A]ttorneys' fees are an
16   appropriate component of a civil contempt award.”).
17        Here, the bankruptcy court awarded First Financial
18   attorneys’ fees in the amount of $24,135.   Based on the evidence
19   before it, the bankruptcy court found that the fees requested
20   were reasonable.   In doing so, it considered the amount of the
21   fees requested and the scope of work as reflected in counsel’s
22   timesheets.   It also noted that Weimar filed an untimely
23   opposition and failed to present a specific, cognizable objection
24   to the fee application.   On this record, the bankruptcy court’s
25   findings were not illogical, implausible, or without support from
26   the record.   Thus, it did not abuse its discretion in awarding
27   the fees as compensatory damages.
28

                                     17
 1                         CONCLUSION
 2   Based on the foregoing, we AFFIRM.
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26
27
28

                               18