Court Opinion

ID: 3017298
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:16:58.596295+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:47:04.238870
License: Public Domain

___________

                                 No. 96-1065
                                 ___________

United States of America,            *
                                     *
          Appellee,                  *
                                     *   Appeal from the United States
     v.                              *   District Court for the
                                     *   Western District of Arkansas
Milton Gary Marshall,                *
                                     *
          Appellant.                 *

                                 ___________

                       Submitted: June 11, 1996

                        Filed:     August 19, 1996
                                 ___________

Before MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD and FLOYD R. GIBSON, Circuit Judges,
     and ROSENBAUM,* District Judge.
                           ___________

ROSENBAUM, District Judge.

     Milton Gary Marshall was convicted, in August, 1995, of
preparing fraudulent tax returns. He appeals the district court’s
denial of his motion for judgment of acquittal and the court’s
calculation of his base offense level under the United States
Sentencing Guidelines.   We affirm the judgment of the district
      1
court.

     *The HONORABLE JAMES M. ROSENBAUM, United States
     District Judge for the District of Minnesota, sitting by
     designation.

     The Honorable Harry Barnes, United States District Judge for
the Western District of Arkansas.
                                I.
     On June 14, 1995, a federal grand jury returned a 60-count
indictment charging Marshall with aiding or assisting in the
preparation of false or fraudulent income tax returns.     See 26
U.S.C. § 7206(2). During the five-day trial, the government moved
to dismiss 18 counts of the indictment. On August 18, 1995, a jury
found Marshall guilty of 17 counts. The jury was unable to reach
a verdict on the remaining 25 counts, which were subsequently
dismissed at the time of sentencing.

     On December 8, 1995, the district court sentenced Marshall to
51 months imprisonment under the federal Sentencing Guidelines,
based on a total tax loss of $2,004,961.00. This calculation was
based on government exhibit 17-1, which summarized all tax returns
bearing Marshall’s tax preparer number filed between 1991 and 1993.
Exhibit 17-1 was not admitted at trial because it included tax
returns prepared by two of Marshall’s employees. The exhibit was,
however, accepted for sentencing purposes after the district court
found it reflected Marshall’s relevant conduct.

                               II.
                                A.
     Marshall appeals the denial of his motion for judgment of
acquittal. He argues the evidence was insufficient to convict, the
individual taxpayers who testified against him were not credible,
and the verdict was equivocal.

     Evidence is sufficient to sustain a conviction if, viewed in
the light most favorable to the government, it offers substantial
support for the verdict. Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 80
(1942); United States v. Marin-Cifuentes, 866 F.2d 988, 992 (8th
Cir. 1989).    It is axiomatic that we do not "pass upon the
credibility of witnesses or the weight to be given their
testimony." United States v. Witschner, 624 F.2d 840, 843 (8th
Cir. 1980) (citing Stanley v. Henderson, 597 F.2d 651, 653 (8th

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Cir. 1979)).   Further, this court will not upset a conviction
merely because the jury’s verdict may have been inconsistent.
United States v. Finch, 16 F.3d 228, 230-31 (8th Cir. 1994).

     The evidence here was sufficient to convict Marshall of
preparing fraudulent tax returns. Fourteen individual taxpayers
testified concerning Marshall’s preparation of their returns.
Based on their testimony, the jury could well find that Marshall
listed fictitious dependants, improperly reported filing status, or
improperly claimed earned income or health care credits for one or
another taxpayer. The taxpayers testified they did not see their
returns before filing and were unaware of the inaccuracies.
Finally, the taxpayers testified that Marshall paid them their
refunds in cash, and, as such, they did not know their refunds were
larger than the sum they received.

     This evidence is sufficient to sustain the jury’s verdict.
Marshall’s own testimony that he did not know the returns were
false was clearly rejected.   Such rejection is not subject to
review. Witschner, 624 F.2d at 843.

     Marshall further claims that the taxpayers’ testimony cannot
sustain his verdict because they were not criminally charged. This
contention is merely an attack on the witnesses’ credibility and
provides no ground for reversing Marshall’s conviction. See id.
Finally, Marshall’s argument that the jury improperly convicted on
some counts, but reached no verdict on others, is simply a claim
that the verdict was inconsistent. Such inconsistency, of course,
is not a basis for reversal.       See Finch, 16 F.3d at 230-31.
Accordingly, we uphold Marshall’s conviction.

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                                B.
     Marshall challenges the use of government exhibit 17-1 to
enhance his sentence. He alleges the district court improperly
relied on the presentence report ("PSR") which, based on exhibit
17-1, determined the tax loss to be $2,004,961.00.2

     Marshall claims the district court should have held an
evidentiary hearing regarding the amount of loss, relying on United
States v. Hammer, 3 F.3d 266 (8th Cir. 1993), cert. denied sub nom.
Walkner v. United States, 114 S. Ct. 1121 (1994). Hammer teaches
that, in resolving contested issues of fact, a sentencing court may
not rely on statements contained in a PSR. 3 F.3d at 272. Rather,
the government must produce "evidence sufficient to convince the
Court by a preponderance of the evidence that the fact in question
exists." Id. at 272-73 (quoting United States v. Streeter, 907
F.2d 781, 791-92 (8th Cir. 1990)). A sentencing court, however,
need not hold an evidentiary hearing to resolve factual objections
where, as here, the sentencing judge presided over the trial. In
such a case, the court may base its findings of fact on the trial
record.   United States v. Jones, 875 F.2d 674, 676 (8th Cir.),
cert. denied, 493 U.S. 862 (1989).

     Here, the trial record amply supports the district court’s tax
loss determination. See Jones, 875 F.2d at 676. Marshall admitted
he prepared more than 1,200 tax returns, and testified that all
employees in his tax preparation business were under his control.
The trial evidence showed that the returns listed in exhibit 17-1
contained the same types of discrepancies as those returns for
which Marshall was convicted -- improper claims of earned income
and health care credits and incorrect filing status. Based on this

   Because the PSR calculated a loss in excess of $1,500,000.00,
Marshall’s base offense level was 20. See U.S.S.G. §§ 2T1.4(a)(1)
and 2T4.1(O). Marshall contends the amount of loss should have
been $90,122.00, producing a base offense level of 14.        See
U.S.S.G. §§ 2T1.4(a)(1) and 2T4.1(I).

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evidence, the Court could have found by a preponderance of the
evidence that Marshall caused, either directly or through employees
under his control, the tax losses reflected in exhibit 17-1.
Hammer, 3 F.3d at 272-73.     Accordingly, we affirm the sentence
imposed by the district court.

                               III.
     The judgment of the district court is affirmed.

     A true copy.

          Attest:

               CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

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