Court Opinion

ID: 4149632
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-03-02 08:05:13.076674+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:19:06.859961
License: Public Domain

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
                                       FIRST DISTRICT, STATE OF FLORIDA

JAMES               NATHANIEL          NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
MARSHALL,                              FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
                                       DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED
      Appellant/Cross-Appellee,

v.                                     CASE NOS. 1D14-2350 & 1D15-1198

STATE OF FLORIDA,

      Appellee/Cross-Appellant.

_____________________________/

Opinion filed March 1, 2017.

An appeal from the Circuit Court for Escambia County.
Linda L. Nobles, Judge.

James Nathaniel Marshall, pro se; Andy Thomas, Public Defender, and Mark
Graham Hanson, Assistant Public Defender, Tallahassee, for Appellant/Cross-
Appellee.

Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, and Kathryn Lane, Assistant Attorney General,
Tallahassee, for Appellee/Cross-Appellant.

ROBERTS, C.J.

      After a jury trial, Appellant was convicted of aggravated battery with great

bodily harm by discharging a firearm (count II), aggravated assault by threat with a

firearm (count III), and shooting at or into an occupied vehicle (count VI). The trial
court initially sentenced Appellant to twenty-five years’ imprisonment on count II;

time served on count III; and seventy-eight and one-tenth months’ imprisonment on

count VI to run concurrently with count II.

      While this appeal was pending, Appellant filed a motion to correct sentencing

error under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(b)(2). The State conceded

that an error occurred and Appellant was entitled to be resentenced on count II. Over

the State’s objection, the trial court resentenced Appellant on count II to ten years’

imprisonment with a minimum mandatory sentence of ten years’ imprisonment. The

State objected to the sentence as the trial court was required to run count II

consecutively to count VI. See § 775.087(2)(d), Fla. Stat. (2012). The trial court

determined that it could not restructure Appellant’s sentences since it previously

ordered count VI to run concurrently to count II.

      On appeal, Appellant challenges his convictions and sentences. In a cross-

appeal, the State challenges the trial court’s failure to run count II consecutively to

count VI. We affirm Appellant’s convictions as well as his sentence for count VI

without further comment. We find the trial court erred when it ordered count II to

run concurrently to count VI.

      The legality of a sentence is a question of law that is reviewed de novo.

Washington v. State, 199 So. 3d 1110, 1111 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016).                Section

775.087(2)(d), Florida Statutes (2012), states:

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      It is the intent of the Legislature that offenders who actually possess,
      carry, display, use, threaten to use, or attempt to use firearms or
      destructive devices be punished to the fullest extent of the law, and the
      minimum terms of imprisonment imposed pursuant to this subsection
      shall be imposed for each qualifying felony count for which the person
      is convicted. The court shall impose any term of imprisonment provided
      for in this subsection consecutively to any other term of imprisonment
      imposed for any other felony offense.

      Aggravated battery is a listed charge in section 775.087.                 See §

775.087(2)(a)1.g., Fla. Stat. (2012). Shooting at or into an occupied vehicle is a

felony offense that is not listed in section 775.087. See §§ 775.087 & 790.19, Fla.

Stat. (2012). Under section 775.087(2)(d), a trial court is required to run the sentence

for a “qualifying” offense consecutively to a sentence for a “non-qualifying” offense.

Martin v. State, 190 So. 3d 252, 255 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016). In Appellant’s case, count

II, aggravated battery, is a “qualifying” offense, and count VI, shooting at or into an

occupied vehicle, is a “non-qualifying” offense.

      Appellant argues that the trial court was required to keep his sentences

concurrent to each other as the trial court was bound by the law of the case doctrine.

Appellant’s argument is without merit as the law of the case doctrine only applies to

issues decided on appeal. Hentze v. Denys, 88 So. 3d 307, 310 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014)

(quoting State v. McBride, 848 So. 2d 287, 290 (Fla. 2003)).              Additionally,

consecutive sentencing after a defendant successfully obtains postconviction relief

has been allowed providing a defendant’s constitutional rights are not violated in the

process. See Finethy v. State, 962 So. 2d 990, 992-93 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007) (finding
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the trial court did not err in restructuring defendant’s sentence in count I to run

consecutively instead of concurrently to the other counts since the restructured

sentence was not vindictive as it did not increase the defendant’s overall term of

imprisonment).

      This Court finds that this case is most analogous to Cunningham v. State, 22

So. 3d 127 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009). In Cunningham, the defendant was convicted of

second-degree murder with a firearm and two counts of attempted manslaughter.

The defendant was sentenced to life in prison for second-degree murder and twenty

years in prison with a minimum mandatory sentence of twenty years for each of the

attempted manslaughter convictions. The manslaughter sentences were ordered to

run concurrently to the second-degree murder sentence and consecutively to each

other. Id. While the defendant’s case was on appeal, he filed a motion to correct

sentencing error under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(b)(2).            The

attempted manslaughter charges did not qualify for minimum mandatory sentencing.

At the resentencing hearing, the trial court sentenced the defendant to twenty years

in prison on each of the attempted manslaughter counts to run concurrently to each

other, but consecutively to the second-degree murder sentence. On appeal, the

defendant argued that the trial court errored by altering the structure of his sentence

with regards to the sentence for second-degree murder. The Fourth District Court

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of Appeal held that a trial court is free to run corrected sentences concurrently or

consecutively to any of the other counts in a single prosecution.

      Since the trial court was required to resentence Appellant on count II, it was

free to run count II consecutively to count VI as Appellant had no expectation in the

finality of his sentence. We find that the Legislature made it clear in section

775.087(2)(d) that the trial court had to run Appellant’s sentence for count II

consecutively to the sentence for count VI. Therefore, we are required to reverse

Appellant’s sentence in count II and remand for resentencing in accordance with

Martin.

      AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part; and REMANDED with directions.

WETHERELL and BILBREY, JJ., CONCUR.

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