Court Opinion

ID: 3017702
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:17:54.417697+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:47:06.712574
License: Public Domain

___________

                                    No. 96-2171
                                    ___________

United States of America,                *
                                         *
              Appellee,                  *
                                         *    Appeal from the United States
     v.                                  *    District Court for the
                                         *    Eastern District of Arkansas.
Richard Lynn Christian,                  *
                                         *         [UNPUBLISHED]
              Appellant.                 *

                                    ___________

                     Submitted:     October 4, 1996

                           Filed:   November 4, 1996
                                    ___________

Before BEAM, HANSEN, and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit Judges.
                               ___________

PER CURIAM.

     Richard L. Christian challenges the 15-month sentence imposed by the
district court after he pleaded guilty to manufacturing marijuana, in
violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1).       We remand.

     Upon executing a search warrant at a property occupied by Christian
and his wife, Pamela, law enforcement officers discovered an outbuilding
being used for growing marijuana, and marijuana plants and harvested
marijuana inside the Christians' residence.            The officers seized four
loaded weapons from the residence--one from Pamela's purse, one from under
a couch, and two from a wall rack.       Stating that Christian "was armed at
the time of his arrest," the presentence report (PSR) assessed a two-level
increase under U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1).       The PSR also assigned two criminal
history points under U.S.S.G. § 4A1.2, comment. (n.10), for a Washington
state robbery charge to which Christian had pleaded guilty.            The PSR
indicated Christian was placed on probation for
five years and commenced a six-month sentence on July 18, 1983, for this
offense.

     Christian objected to the statement that he "`was armed at the time
of his arrest,'" asked that the statement be deleted from the PSR, and
argued that the government had not presented evidence to support the
section 2D1.1(b)(1) increase.          Christian also objected to inclusion of his
Washington state conviction in his criminal-history calculation.                             At
sentencing, the district court said, "I'm going to overrule the [section
2D1.1(b)(1)] objection, deny it," and also overruled Christian's criminal-
history objection.

     On appeal, Christian argues--and the government concedes--that the
district     court    should     not   have    counted      his    robbery   conviction      in
calculating his criminal history, because the sentence was imposed more
than ten years prior to the commission of the present offense.                              See
U.S.S.G. § 4A1.2(e)(1-3) (instructing court not to count any sentence less
than thirteen months that was not imposed within ten years of defendant's
commencement of instant offense).             Based on the government's concession,
we remand for recalculation of Christian's criminal history category.

     Christian also contends the district court improperly required him
to prove that the section 2D1.1(b)(1) increase was not merited and erred
in overruling his objections to the PSR without conducting an evidentiary
hearing.      We     recognize    that    Christian       did    not   communicate   his    PSR
objections to the government within fourteen days after receiving the PSR,
as required, see Fed. R. Crim. P. 32(b)(6)(B), but counsel for the
government    informed     the    court     that    she    had    received   a    summary    of
Christian's objections in the addendum to the PSR.                     A two-level increase
is appropriate if the government proves by a preponderance of the evidence
that the defendant possessed a dangerous weapon and it is not clearly
improbable     the    weapon     was     connected    with       the   offense.      U.S.S.G.
§ 2D1.1(b)(1) & comment. (n.3); United States v. Hammer, 3 F.3d

                                              -2-
266, 272 (8th Cir. 1993), cert. denied, 510 U.S. 1139 (1994) (discussing
burden).    We review for clear error the court's factual findings, and
review de novo the court's application of the Guidelines to the facts.
United States v. Elliott, 89 F.3d 1360, 1370 (8th Cir. 1996).

      When, as here, the defendant objects to fact statements in the PSR,
the district court may not accept the disputed facts set forth in the PSR
or   require   the   defendant   to   disprove   those   facts,   but   rather,   the
government must prove the disputed facts at the sentencing hearing.               See
id.; United States v. Burke, 80 F.3d 314, 315, 317 (8th Cir. 1996).                We
conclude the district court's rejection of Christian's section 2D1.1(b)(1)
objection does not "allow for meaningful appellate review," and thus we
remand for the court to make a finding or determination that fulfills the
requirements of Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32(c)(1).             See United
States v. Fetlow, 21 F.3d 243, 248 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 456
(1994); see also Fed. R. Crim. P. 32(c)(1) (requiring court to make finding
on disputed matter or determination that no finding is necessary as
disputed matter will not be considered or will not affect sentence).

      Accordingly, we vacate Christian's sentence and remand for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.

BEAM, Circuit Judge, dissenting.

      Christian did not give appropriate notice to either the United States
or the district court of several of the objections he now raises on appeal.
Thus, these issues were waived.       The order of reversal directs the district
court to consider them in further proceedings.             From this approach, I
dissent.

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A true copy.

     Attest:

           CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

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