Court Opinion

ID: 4148609
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-02-27 19:13:18.379336+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:46:10.362692
License: Public Domain

J-S01039-17
J-S01041-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: Z.J.M., a Minor   :      IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                      :            PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
APPEAL OF: A.M., Father               :          No. 1164 MDA 2016

                  Appeal from the Decree June 28, 2016
            in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County,
        Orphans' Court at No(s): 39-AD-2016; CP-22-DP-117-2013

IN THE INTEREST OF: Z.O.B., a Minor   :      IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                      :            PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
APPEAL OF: A.M., Father               :          No. 1165 MDA 2016

                  Appeal from the Decree June 28, 2016
            in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County,
        Orphans' Court at No(s): 38-AD-2016; CP-22-DP-116-2013

IN THE INTEREST OF: Z.J.M., a Minor   :      IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                      :            PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
APPEAL OF: A.M., Father               :          No. 1240 MDA 2016

                  Appeal from the Decree June 28, 2016
            in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County,
       Juvenile Division at No(s): 39-AD-2016; CP-22-DP-117-2013
J-S01039-17
J-S01041-17

IN THE INTEREST OF: Z.J.M., a Minor       :       IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :             PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
                                          :
                                          :
APPEAL OF: A.M., Father                   :           No. 1241 MDA 2016

                   Appeal from the Decree June 28, 2016
             in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County,
        Juvenile Division at No(s): 38-AD-2016; CP-22-DP-116-2013

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., DUBOW and MUSMANNO, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.:                     FILED FEBRUARY 27, 2017

      A.M. (“Father”) appeals from the Decrees1 granting the Petitions filed

by Dauphin County Social Services for Children and Youth (“SSCY”),

involuntarily terminating his parental rights to his son, Z.O.B., born in

August 2011, and his daughter, Z.J.M., born in December 2012 (collectively,

“Children”), pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2), (5), (8) and (b), and

changing their permanency goals to adoption.2 Additionally, Natalie Burston,

Esquire (“Attorney Burston”), has filed a Petition to Withdraw as counsel and

an accompanying brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744

1
  This Court, sua sponte, consolidated Father’s appeals at Nos. 1164 MDA
2016 and 1165 MDA 2016, as well as his appeals at Nos. 1240 MDA 2016
and 1241 MDA 2016. Because both consolidated appeals arise out of the
same Decrees, we will consider them together.
2
  SSCY included M.B. (“Mother”) in its Petitions for involuntary termination of
parental rights.    In its June 28, 2016 Decrees, the trial court also
involuntarily terminated Mother’s parental rights to Children. Mother filed an
appeal from the Decrees, which includes Nos. 1208 MDA 2016 and 1209
MDA 2016, and is not a party to the instant appeal.

                                  -2-
J-S01039-17
J-S01041-17

(1967). We grant Attorney Burston’s Petition to Withdraw, and affirm the

trial court’s termination Decrees.

      SSCY assumed temporary care and custody of Children on October 11,

2013, after receiving a referral that Mother had cut her wrist and posted a

goodbye letter on Facebook.           On October 23, 2013, Children were

adjudicated dependent and placed into the custody of SSCY. Father was in

prison at that time. In its Opinion, the trial court set forth the facts relevant

to Father’s appeal, which we adopt herein.           See Trial Court Opinion,

8/31/16, at 5-6; see also id. at 6-8 (wherein the trial court summarized the

findings of the bonding assessment as to the foster parents). By Decrees

dated June 28, 2016, the trial court granted SSCY’s Petitions, involuntarily

terminated Father’s parental rights to Children, and changed Children’s

permanency goals to adoption.

      Father, through counsel, filed timely Notices of Appeal. 3        Attorney

Burston subsequently filed a Petition to Withdraw as counsel and an Anders

3
  Father filed one Notice of Appeal as to each child from the June 28, 2016
Decrees with the Orphans’ Court. On August 26, 2016, this Court ordered
the Juvenile Court to enter the June 28, 2016 Decrees on its dependency
docket. Father subsequently filed an additional Notice of Appeal as to each
child with the Clerk of Courts. Accordingly, Father properly filed a Notice of
Appeal as to each child in both the Juvenile Court and the Orphans’ Court, as
each Decree identified, and was entered on, both dockets. See Pa.R.A.P.
341, Note (stating that “[w]here, however, one or more orders resolves
issues arising on more than one docket or relating to more than one
judgment, separate notices of appeal must be filed.”) (emphasis added).

                                     -3-
J-S01039-17
J-S01041-17

Brief, in lieu of a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Concise Statement of errors complained

of on appeal.

      In the Anders Brief, the following question is presented for our

review: “Did the trial court abuse its discretion, or commit an error of law[,]

by determining it was in [C]hildren’s best interest to have Father’s parental

rights terminated by clear and convincing evidence?”      Anders Brief at 9.

Father neither filed a pro se brief, nor retained alternate counsel for this

appeal.

      We must first determine whether Attorney Burston has complied with

the dictates of Anders in petitioning to withdraw from representation. See

In re X.J., 105 A.3d 1, 3 (Pa. Super. 2014) (stating that “[w]hen counsel

files an Anders brief, this Court may not review the merits without first

addressing counsel’s request to withdraw.”).    This Court has extended the

Anders principles to a first appeal by an indigent parent from a decree

involuntarily terminating his or her parental rights.   See In re V.E., 611
A.2d 1267, 1275 (Pa. Super. 1992). Pursuant to Anders, when an attorney

believes that an appeal is frivolous and wishes to withdraw as counsel, he or

she must

      (1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that after
      making a conscientious examination of the record and
      interviewing the [client], counsel has determined the appeal
      would be frivolous, (2) file a brief referring to any issues in the
      record of arguable merit, and (3) furnish a copy of the brief to
      [the client] and advise him of his right to retain new counsel or

                                  -4-
J-S01039-17
J-S01041-17

         to raise any additional points that he deems worth of the court’s
         attention.

In re S.M.B., 856 A.2d 1235, 1237 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation omitted).

With respect to the third requirement of Anders, i.e., that counsel inform

the client of his or her rights in light of counsel’s withdrawal, this Court has

held that counsel must “attach to [a] petition to withdraw a copy of the

letter    sent   to   the[]   client   advising   him   or   her   of   their   rights.”

Commonwealth v. Millisock, 873 A.2d 748, 752 (Pa. Super. 2005).

         Additionally, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has determined that a

proper Anders brief must

         (1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
         citations to the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that
         counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set forth
         counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state
         counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous.
         Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling
         case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the
         conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.

Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 361 (Pa. 2009).                           Once

counsel has satisfied the above requirements, this Court “must undertake an

independent examination of the record to determine whether the appeal is

wholly frivolous.” In re S.M.B., 856 A.2d at 1237.

         Here, Attorney Burston has complied with the requirements set forth in

Anders by indicating that she made a thorough review of the record and

determined that an appeal would be frivolous.            Further, Attorney Burston

provided a letter to Father, informing him of Attorney Burston’s intention to

                                       -5-
J-S01039-17
J-S01041-17

withdraw and advising Father of his rights to retain counsel, proceed pro se,

and file additional claims.   Finally, Attorney Burston’s Anders Brief meets

the standards set forth in Santiago.          Because Attorney Burston has

complied   with    the   procedural   requirements       for   withdrawing   from

representation, we will independently review the record to determine

whether Father’s appeal is, in fact, wholly frivolous.

      Father argues that the trial court erred by involuntarily terminating his

parental rights to Children. Anders Brief at 18.

      In its Opinion, the trial court set forth the relevant law, addressed

Father’s claim, and concluded that it lacks merit. See Trial Court Opinion,

8/31/16, at 8-11, 14-15; see also id. at 12 (wherein the trial court adopted

its reasoning as set forth on the record during the termination hearing);

N.T., 6/28/16, at 119, 120-21, 122-25. We agree with the reasoning of the

trial court and affirm on this basis as to Father’s claim.       See Trial Court

Opinion, 8/31/16, at 14-15; see also id. at 12-14 (wherein the trial court

set forth the law regarding a best interests analysis pursuant to section

2511(b), considered Children’s bond with their foster parents, and concluded

that disrupting Children’s lives with their foster parents would be contrary to

Children’s best interests).

      Further, our independent examination of the record indicates that

there are no other non-frivolous claims that can be raised.           See In re

                                   -6-
J-S01039-17
J-S01041-17

S.M.B., 856 A.2d at 1237. Accordingly, we conclude that Father’s appeal is

frivolous, and grant Attorney Burston permission to withdraw as counsel.

     Petition to Withdraw granted; Decrees affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/27/2017

                                -7-
                                                          Circulated 02/03/2017 04:05 PM

                                                            ORIGINAL

IN THE INTEREST OF       : IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                         : DAUPHIN COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Z.0.B., a Minor
                         : NO. 38 ADOPT 2016/CP-22-116-2013     /·

APPEAL OF M.B., Mother     SUPERIOR COlJRT
                           DOCKET NO. 1209 MDA 2016

rN THE INTEREST OF       : IN THE COURT'OF COMMON PLEAS
                         : DAUPHIN COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Z.J.M.,       a Minor
                         : NO. 39 ADOPT 2016/CP-22-117-2013

APPEAL OF M.B., Mother     SUPERlOR COURT
                           DOCKET NO. 1208 MDA 2016

IN THE IN"TEREST OF      : IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                         : DAUPHIN COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Z.O.B., a Minor
                         : NO. 38 ADOPT 2016/CP-22-116-2013     /

APPEAL OF A.M., Father     SUPERlOR COURT
                           DOCKET NO. 1240 MDA 2016

IN TI{E INTEREST OF      : IN TtIE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                         : DAUPHIN COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Z.J.M.,       a Minor
                         : NO. 39 ADOPT 20 l 6/CP-22-117-2013

APPEAL OF A.M., Father
                           SUPERJOR COURT
                           DOCKET NO. 1241 MDA 2016
                                           TRIAL COURT OPINION

      These appeals follow the Decrees filed June 28, 2016, which terminated the parental rights of

    rvimlll~''Mother
                   '') and-(''Father'')                                               to-

    ("Z.0.B."),
             born 8/23/11 and Z-~(Z.                                        J.M."), born 12/3/12 ("Children").

    1For                                                                2
           the reasons set forth, the Decrees should be     affirmed,

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
MOTHER

       Dauphin County Social Services for Children and Youth ("Agency")                  first became involved

with Mother in April l 999 while working with Mother's other children, all of whom who were

removed from he, care. (N.T. p. 28). Mother has a total of 9 children, only one of whom remains

                     3
in her care. Id.         Prior to Children's placement into the care of the Agency which is the subject of

these proceedings, Ms. Candice Raines served as caseworker for Mother and Children from

April 2012 through November 2013. (N.T. pp. 26-27). During that period, the Agency assisted

Mother with establishing stable housing and providing for the basic needs of the children such as

diapers, wipes, formula and bedding. (N.T. p. 29). The Agency offered Mother parenting classes

with which she did not follow through. (N.T. pp. 29-31). The home in which Mother and

Children lived was dirty, cluttered and unsafe. (N.T. p. 30). Mother resided with her sister, who

had addiction problems. (N.T. p. 31). At one point, the house in which Mother lived burned

I
  On July 22, 2016, counsel for Mother filed a Notice of Appeal which set forth counsel's statement as to the
conclusion that no non-frivolous issues exit and the intention to file a Petition to Withdraw and supporting brief as
required by Anders v, California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967) and Commonwealth v. McCiendon, 434 A.2d l 185 (Pa.
 1981 ). Accordingly, counsel filed no statement of matters complained of on appeal.
2
  The Decree as to Z.l.M. also terminates the rights of"Unknown Father" in that Z.J.M.'s birth certificate lists the
father as "unknown". A~-laims                       that he is the father ofZ.J.M.
3
  That child is not a subject of these proceedings.
down. She rented rooms or stayed    with friends. (N.T. p. 33). Overall, Mother's housing situation

remained unstable. (N.T. p. 30).

   In June 2013, a foster family, the   89    informally assumed the care of Children. (N.T. p.

35). During Children's stay with the foster family, Mother visited Children. Id.

  On October 11, 2013, while Children were in Mother's care, the Agency received a referral

which indicated that Mother cut her wrists and posted a "goodbye letter" on Face book. (N .T.

pp.35-36). The Agency assumed temporary care and custody of Children. (N.T. p. 36).

  On October 23, 2013, an Adjudicatory and Dispositional Hearing was held at which Children

were deemed dependent and placed into the custody of the Agency. (N.T. p. 36). The Dauphin

County Juvenile Court found that aggravated circumstances existed based upon the previous

involuntary termination of parental rights as to Mother's other children.

  The Agency established the following service objectives for reunification:

        l . Attend all court hearings and monthly treatment plan meetings.

       2. Sign all releases of information forms requested to ensure the compliance in meeting

           identified objectives.

       3. Notify the Agency within 24 hours of new residence or new contact information.

       4. Reimburse the County of Dauphin for the support of any children in placement in an

           amount to be determined by the Dauphin County Domestic Relations Office.

       5. Obtain and maintain clean, safe, stable and appropriate housing for herself and her

           children for a minimum of 3 months with rent and utility bills kept current.

       6. Follow up with Harrisburg Housing Authority in August 2014.

       7. Obtain and maintain a CMU worker and actively participate in recommended

           services.

                                                 2
            8.   Participate in and follow all recommendations     of psychiatric evaluation.

            9. Learn and demonstrate appropriate stress management          skills and coping skills.

             I 0. Participate in therapy as deemed necessary by evaluations.

             11. Provide proof of legal income to support herself and her children.

            12. Complete a budget to determine what income is needed to maintain housing and

                 additional expenses.

            13. Provide proof of legal employment and income, or consistent income, to support

                 herself and the children.

            14. Apply for additional income through Pennsylvania Department of Health and Human

                 Services and Supplemental Security Income ("SSI").

            I 5. Participate in recommended parenting classes and provide proof of attendance.

            16. Participate in reunification services; demonstrate understanding of information

                 provided and skills learned.

            17. Participate in Ages and Stages questionnaire for both children and follow

                 recommendations if necessary. ·

(Petition for Goal Change to Adoption and Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights, May 18,

2016, para. ttt.(1)-(17); para. uuu. (1)-(1 I)).

      As to the objective that Mother obtain and maintain safe and appropriate housing, while

Z.0.B. and Z.J.M were in placement, Mother, pregnant with another child, resided in

Lourdeshouse Maternity Home 4, a temporary home for pregnant women. (N.T. p. 58). Mother

gave birth to that child in December 2013. (N.T. p. 56). In October 2014, Mother moved to

Bretheren Housing Association. !d. In June, 2015, Mother was discharged from the Bretheren

Housing Association for failure to follow program rules by allowing unauthorized persons into
4
    Incorrectly referred to in the transcript as "Lord's House".

                                                              3
the home. (N.T. p. 79). Mother then moved to her mother's home, which was not an approved

home for the Children. (N.T. pp. 79-80; N.T. p. 81).

   As to mental health objectives, Mother completed a psychiatric evaluation in February 2014.

Mother was diagnosed with bipolar II disorder, borderline personality disorder and post-

traumatic stress disorder. (N.T. p. 57; Agency Exhibit 9). Mother was discharged from

Northwestern Hwnan Services as unsuccessful for noncompliance       with attendance at weekly

outpatient sessions. (N.T. p. 57). In August 2014, Mother began bi-weekly outpatient counseling

with Youth Advocate Program. (N.T. p. 59). Mother initially complied with the treatment

schedule but was discharged as unsuccessful in December 2014 for missed sessions. (N.T. p. 60).

Mother did not obtain a Case Management Unit Mental Health Services worker as directed. Id.

   Next, in February 2015, Mother sought mental health services from Catholic Charities. When

Mother's therapist left the practice, Catholic Charities offered Mother the opportunity to

continue there or seek a new therapy provider. Mother failed to seek a new provider and was

discharged from Catholic Charities as unsuccessful in August 2015. (N.T. pp. 82-83; N.T. p. 98).

From August 2015 until the time. of the filing of the Petition, Mother did not obtain

recommended mental health treatment.

 As to the objective that Mother obtain and maintain legal employment and establish a budget,

at no time did Mother document a legal source of income. (N.T. p. 61). Mother told the Agency

that she was employed at various places but never produced pay stubs. (N.T. p. 81 ). Mother

consistently relied upon the Agency to provide for her children's basic needs. Mother did not

meet the needs of the single child who remained in her care, which raised significant concern as

to her ability to care for three children. (N.T. p. 63).

                                                    4
   On May 18, 2016, the Agency filed a Petition for Goal Change to Involuntary Termination of

Parental Rights as to Mother and Father. At the time of the filing of the Petition, the Children had

been in care for 32 months, 17 months beyond the requirements        of the Adoption and Safe

Families Act.

FATHER

   Father was incarcerated during that time that Ms. Raines served as caseworker. (N.T. pp. 26-

27). Ms. Raines had no contact with him. id.

   Following release from incarceration     in approximately   March 2014, Father resided at

Community Corrections Center. (N.T. p. 51). Father attended permanency         review hearings on

May 6, 2014, August 5, 2014 and November 4, 2014. Father attended visits with the Children

during the time period of April 2014 through June 2014. (N.T. p. 90).

   In June 2014, Agency caseworker Courtney Carney met with Mother, Father and a Keystone

reunification worker. (N.T. p. 52). Father would have been permitted to leave the Community

Corrections Center at that time   if he had an approved home plan. (N.T. p. 54). However, Father

did not obtain an approved home plan. Id. In August 2014, Ms. Camey learned from Mother as

of July 2014, Father was re-incarcerated.   Id. During his incarceration, Father sent letters to the

Children. (N.T. pp. 69-70).

   Father was released from incarceration    in January 2015. (N.T. p. 91 ). Father presented as a

resource for Children at that time, but did not obtain a stable home for Children or a source of

income. (N.T. p. 91).

   Father failed to refrain from criminal activities.   In May 2015, Father was charged with three

counts of burglary, criminal trespass, public drunkenness, terroristic threat with intent to terrorize

                                                   5
another, public drunkenness, resisting arrest and aggravated assault. (N.T. pp. 87-88). Mother

was the victim in relation to those charges. (N.T. p. 88). Father pleaded guilty to 5 of the above

charges. The court imposed a sentence of36-72 months. (N.T. p. 88-89; N.T. p. 115, Agency

Exhibit 12).

    In July 2015, the Agency added to the service objectives the requirement that Father complete

a mental health evaluation and drug and alcohol evaluation. (N.T. p.92). At no time has Father

provided documentation to the Agency which evidences evaluation or treatment. (N.T. p. 93;

N.T. p. 116).

  The Agency undertook efforts to find kinship care and familial resources for Children. The

Agency received a response only from the Sheiry family. (N.T. pp. 70-71).

BONDING ASSESSMENT

   Howard S. Rosen, Ph.D., conducted a bonding assessment at the request of Mother.       Dr.

Rosen considered whether a bond existed between Mother and Children and how that bond

compared to a bond which might exist between Children and the foster family caregivers. (N.T.

p. 12).

   Dr. Rosen noted that at the time of the bonding assessment, Children had lived in the foster

home for approximately 25 months. (N.T. p. 13). Dr. Rosen visited Mother's home and the

foster parents' homes at approximately the same time of day to observe Children's activities,

whether they seemed to enjoy those activities, whether they shared emotion and from whom they

sought attention to address a need. Id. Based upon those observations. Dr. Rosen formed

opinions as to the quality of interactions.

                                                 6
   At Mother's home, Dr. Rosen observed Children seated at a table having a snack when he

arrived. (N.T. p. 14). Children played with toys and Mother encouraged their play. Children

cooperated with Mother in cleaning up the table. Mother exhibited an appropriate level of

patience.   Id.

   Although Children cooperated with Mother, Dr. Rosen did not observe a close emotional

bond between Mother and Children. Id. Dr. Rosen concluded that the interaction resembled that

of a nursery school care situation in which an adult provided instruction with which Children

complied. Id.

   Dr. Rosen visited the foster parents' home at approximately the same time of day. (N.T. p.

15). Dr. Rosen testified that Z.0.B. greeted Dr. Rosen enthusiastically at the door. During the

visit, Z.O.B. and the foster father worked together on a race car track. Dr. Rosen observed a high

level of engagement between Z.0.B. and the foster father. Z.O.B. called the foster parents "my

mom and my dad'.'. (N.T. p. 17). Z.0.B. also exhibited a close attachment to other children in the

foster home. Id. Dr. Rosen concluded that a close relationship existed. (N.T. p. 15).

   During the same visit, Dr. Rosen observed Z.J.M. playing with a doll, pretending to tuck her

into bed. The foster mother played with Z.J .M .. Z.J .M. then sat on the foster mother's lap for a

majority of the visit. (N.T. p. 17).

  Overall, Dr. Rosen opined,

                  ... I came to the conclusion that it was in the children's best interests to remain

                  with the foster parents; that it's clearly who the children see as their mother and

                  father. And separating them from the caregivers who they've come to know and

                  trust as their parents would have troubling consequences down the line in terms of

                                                    7
                  it   would immediately create levels of insecurity and mistrust, and I think that

                  leads to problems as they enter school age and later on. So it's not something that

                  I would recommend.

                                           ***
(N.T. p. 18).

       Dr. Rosen further opined that although there would be some     benefit to Children maintaining

contact with the biological      family, remaining with the foster parents is the most appropriate life

course for them. (]\1.T. pp. 18-19).    See also, Agency Exhibit 10, Bonding Assessment.

   Dr. Rosen did not conduct a bonding assessment regarding Father. (N.T. p. 24).

   Agency caseworker Aida Melendez testified that since assuming the case in December 2014,

she has observed Children interact with the foster family. (N.T. p. 95). Throughout the time

Children have been in their care, the foster family has met all of Children's emotional needs.

(N.T. p: 95). Ms. Melendez has observed a close attachment between Children and the foster

family. (N.T. p. 95). Children refer to other family members as brothers, sisters, mom and dad.

(N.T. p. 102).    Ms. Melendez believes adoption to be in the best interests of Children. (N.T. p.

94).

   Mother testified that she has a fantastic relationship with Children, that they call her mom and

call Mother's other child their brother. (N.T. p. I J 2).

DISCUSSION

   The record establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the Court properly terminated

parental rights where Mother and Father failed to remedy the conditions which led to placement

although services and opportunities to do so were made readily available.

                                                      8
    The Agency sought termination of the Mother and Father's parental rights based upon the

Adoption       Act, 23 Pa.C.S. §2511 (a)( I), ( 2), (5) and (8), which provides:

        ( 1)     The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six months
                 immediately preceding the filing of the petition either has evidenced
                 a settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim to a child or has
                 refused or failed to perform parental duties.

        (2)      The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal of
                 the parent has caused the child to be without essential parental care,
                 control or subsistence necessary for his physical or mental well-
                 being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect
                 or refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent.

                                          ***

        (5)     The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court
                or under a voluntary agreement with an agency for a period of at
                least six months, the conditions which led to the removal or
                placement of the child continue to exist, the parent cannot or will not
                remedy those conditions within a reasonable period of time, the
                services or assistance reasonably available to the parent are not
                likely to remedy the conditions which led to the removal or
                placement of the child within a reasonable period of time and
                termination of the parental rights would serve the needs and welfare
                of the child.

                                           ***

        (8)      The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court
                 or under a voluntary agreement with an agency, 12 months or more
                 have elapsed from the date of removal or placement, the conditions
                 which led to the removal or placement of the child continue to exist
                 and termination would best serve the needs and welfare of the child.

23 Pa.C.S. § 25 l l(a)(J ), (2), (5) and (8).

                                                      9
   The standard of review governing the trial court's termination of parental rights is well

settled. Namely,

                 When reviewing an appeal from a decree terminating parental
                 rights, [the Superior Court] is limited to determining whether the
                decision of the trial court is supported by competent evidence. See
                In re K. C. W., 456 Pa. Super. 1, 689 A.2d 294, 298 (1997). Absent
                 an abuse of discretion, an error of law, or insufficient evidentiary
                 support for the trial court's decision, the decree must stand. Id.
                 Where a trial court has granted a petition to involuntarily terminate
                parental rights, [the Superior Court] must accord the hearing
                judge's decision the same weight we would give to a jury verdict.
                See In re Child M., 452 Pa. Super. 230, 681 A.2d 793, 800 (1996).
                We must employ a broad comprehensive review of the record in
                order to determine whether the trial court's decision is supported
                by competent evidence. See In re Matsock, 416 Pa.Super. 520, 611
A.2d 737, 742 (1992).

In re C. S. 761 A.2d 1197, 1199 (Pa. Super. 2000).

   As the party seeing termination, the Agency bears the burden of establishing by clear and

convincing evidence that grounds exist for termination of parental rights.    In re J.D. WM, 810
A.2d 688, 690 (PA. Super. 2002). The standard of clear and convincing evidence means

"testimony   that is so clear, direct, weighty and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to

a clear conviction, without hesitation, of the truth of the precise facts in issue." Matter of

Sylvester, 555 A.2d 1202, 1203-1204 (Pa. 1989).

   In considering whether the party seeking termination has satisfied the provision of 23 Pa.C.S.

§ 251 l(a)(l), (2), (5) and (8), we keep in mind that a parent has an affirmative duty to work

towards the return of [her] children.   In re Adoption of J.J., 511 Pa. 590, 602, 515 A.2d 883, 889

(1986). At a minimum, that "affirmative duty requires that the parent show a willingness to

cooperate with CYS to obtain the rehabilitative    services necessary to enable the parent to meet

the duties and obligations inherent in parenthood." Id. In a termination proceeding, the trial

court must consider all the circumstances in determining whether a parent has fulfilled his

                                                   10
obligations; the court must measure the parent's performance in light of what would be expected

of any individual under similar circumstances.     Matter ofA1.L. W. 307 Pa. 29, 33-34, 452 A.2d
l 021,   1023-24 (1982) tcitations omitted). Further, the Superior Court need only agree with the

trial court's decision as to any one subsection in order to affirm the termination of parental

rights. In re J.E. 745 A.2d 1250 (Pa. Super. 2000) see also In re J.I.R., 808 A.2d 934, 940 n.6

(Pa. Super. 2002).

                 The statute permitting the termination of parental rights outlines
                 certain irreducible minimum requirements of care that parents must
                 provide for their children, and a parent who cannot or will not meet
                 the requirements within a reasonable time following intervention
                 by the state may properly be considered unfit and have her parental
                 rights terminated.

                 There is no simple or easy definition of parental duties. Parental
                 duty is best understood in relation to the needs of a child. A child
                 needs Jove, protection, guidance and support. These needs,
                 physical and emotional, cannot be met by a merely passive interest
                 in the development of the child. Thus, this court has held that the
                 parental obligation is a positive duty which requires affirmative
                 performance.

                                                ***

                 A parent must utilize all available resources to preserve the parental relationship,
                 and must exercise reasonable firmness in resisting obstacles placed in the path of
                 maintaining the parent-child relationship. Parental   rights are not preserved by
                 waiting for a more suitable time to perform one's parental responsibilities while
                 others provide the child with his or her physical and emotional needs.

In re K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 759 (Pa. Super. 2008).

                                                   11
MOTHER

   The Agency met its burden of proof. At the conclusion of the hearing on the Petition, we set

forth on the record an explanation of our findings and reasons. (N.T. pp. 119-127).    We

incorporate that statement herein. We amplify those reasons in this written Opinion.

   We properly concluded that Mother made virtually no progress in accomplishing the Service

Objectives essential to the safety and well-being of the children. Mother failed to obtain

employment which would enable her to establish a safe home for the Children. Rather, Mother

relied upon the foster family to provide stability and safety for the Children.

   The Agency satisfied 23 Pa. C.S. §(a)(8) although the evidence meets the requirements      of

(a)(2) and (a)(5) as well.

    Mother testified as to the efforts she made toward completing necessary mental health

therapy and finding suitable housing and employment. Our Superior Court has consistently

stated that termination under subsection 2511 (a)(8) does not require an evaluation of the

parents' willingness or ability to remedy the conditions which led to placement of the [ child].

Instead, as the Superior Court has reaffirmed, subsection (a)(8) "requires only that the conditions

continue to exist, not an evaluation of parental willingness or ability to remedy them." In re J.J.,

972 A.2d 5, 11 (2009) (internal citations omitted').

   Having found that the Agency proved the statutory grounds for termination of parental rights

under 23 Pa.C.S. §2511 (a)(8), we undertake a separate "best interests" analysis.   Pursuant to

Section 2511 (b), a court must give 'primary consideration to the [developmental,   physical and

emotional] needs and welfare of the child." In re J. E., 745 A.2d 1250, 1254-55 (Pa. Super.

2000) (citations omitted.i The statute provides,

                                                   12
                 Other considerations. • The court in terminating the rights of
                 a parent shall give primary              consideration to the
                 developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of
                 the child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely
                 01 the basis of environmental       factors such as inadequate
                 housing, furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if
                 found to be beyond the control of the parent. With respect to
                 any petition filed pursuant to subsection (a)(l),(6), or (8), the
                 court shall not consider any efforts by the parent to remedy
                 the condition described therein which are first initiated
                 subsequent to the giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

    In addition, the Superior Court has stated that, while "Section 2511 (b) does not explicitly

require a bonding analysis, [case law provides that] analysis of the emotional bond, if any, between

a parent and a child is a factor to be considered in determining the developmental, physical and

emotional   needs and welfare of the child under §2511 (b)." In the Mauer of K.K.R.-S.,       K.MR.,

K.A.R.,   958 A.2d 529, 533 (Pa. Super 2008).    The Superior Court has explained,

                Intangibles such as love, comfort, security, and stability are
                involved when inquiring about the needs and welfare of the
                child. The court must also discern the nature and status of the
                parent child bond, paying close attention to the effect of
                permanently severing the bond.

In re C. P., 901 A.2d S 16, 520 (Pa. Super. 2006)

   We properly considered whether a bond exists between Mother and Children which, if

broken, would cause detriment to Children. We do not question that Mother loves Children.

However, Dr. Rosen's findings are particularly illuminating as to the lack of an emotional bond

between Mother and Children. Also, although she loves Children, for an unreasonable period of

time, Mother has failed to uphold her fundamental responsibility to take necessary action to

provide a safe anc stable home. "A parent's basic constitutional right to the custody arid rearing

of his or her child is converted, upon the failure to fulfill his or her parental duties, to the child's

right to have proper parenting and fulfillment of his or her potential in a permanent, healthy, safe

                                                    13
environment."     In re JA.S., 8201 A.2d 774, 782 (Pa. Super. 2003). Further, "[b]onding cannot be

in one direction only-that of child to parent-but         must exhibit a bilateral relationship which

emanates from the parents' willingness to learn appropriate parenting, anger management,           drug

rehabilitation   and marital stability."   in the Matter of K.K.R.-S., K.MR., K.A.R., 958 A.2d 529,

534 (Pa. Super 2008) citing     In re Involuntary Termination of C. WS.M, 839 A.2d 410, 418-419

(Pa. Super. 2003). Even while the Children were in placement and a reunification plan set in

piace, the Mother failed to meet basic objectives established to enable her to address her

psychological    problems and ensure that she provided a safe and stable home.

   In deciding the issue of the best interest of a child, the Superior Court has noted that it is

essential to allow a child "a chance to have [his or her] fundamental needs met without the

constant insecurity that comes with knowing that someday, perhaps in the unreasonably           distant

future, [they] might again be wrenched away from [their] committed and capable caregiver."              In

re NC. 763 A.2d 913, 919 (Pa. Super. 2000). The record reflects that the needs and welfare of

Children have been and are being met in the foster home. The foster parents demonstrate

devotion and commitment to nurturing Children and ensuring their happiness and well-being.

The family has conscientiously      provided stability and love. Disrupting the Children's lives

would be contrary to their best interests.

FATHER

  The record further demonstrates that for an unreasonable        period of time, Father failed to meet

service objectives essential to Children's well-being.

   We do not make this finding solely upon the basis of Father's incarceration.        We recognize

that "[a]lthough incarceration will certainly impact a parent's capability of performing parental

                                                     14
duties, and may render a parent incapable of performing parental duties under subsection (a)(2),

incarceration   alone is not sufficient to support termination under any subsection." In re I. G., 93 9
A.2d 950 (2007). However, "where the parent does not exercise reasonable firmness in

'declining to yield to obstacles'   his [parental] rights may be forfeited." In re A.L.D., 797 A.2d
326 (2002). Our Superior Court has found compelling a parent's failure to remain out of jail

where parental     rights are at risk. See, In re : CS., 761 A.2d l 197 (2000)(Termination   upheld

where, "even for the sake of the child, father could not stay out of jail.").

   Here, Father failed to remain out of prison following release, but rather, incurred additional

charges as a result of a violent confrontation with Mother. His re-incarceration      renders him

unavailable to Children for a number of years and unable to complete essential objectives to

properly parent.

  Finally, although Father has written letters to Children while incarcerated, the record is devoid

of evidence of a bond between Father and Children. For the same reasons we set forth above, we

conclude that Children must not be wrested from the loving family with whom they have

bonded.

   For all of the foregoing reasons the Decrees of Termination should be affirmed.

                                                                 BY THE COURT:

                                                                 J~~

August 31, 2016

                                                    15