Court Opinion

ID: 9377746
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-08 17:06:55.060757+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:16.115678
License: Public Domain

J-S31017-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    PETER KREHER AND LAUREN KOGEN              :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    CAROL MOORE, CLASS HARLAN,                 :
    INC., INDIVIDUALLY AND/OR A/K/A            :
    AND/OR D/B/A CLASS HARLAN REAL             :   No. 858 EDA 2022
    ESTATE, COMPASS PENNSYLVANIA,              :
    LLC, INDIVIDUALLY AND/OR A/K/A             :
    AND/OR D/B/A FLO SMERCONISH                :
    REAL ESTATE, LLC, JAY GINSBURG,            :
    INDIVIDUALLY AND/OR A/K/A                  :
    AND/OR D/B/A THE JAY GINSBURG              :
    GROUP AND/OR A/K/A AND/OR                  :
    D/B/A THE JAY GINSBERG GROUP AT            :
    ADDISON WOLFE REAL ESTATE, AND             :
    MANCUSO AND MAZZELL, LLC,                  :
    INDIVIDUALLY AND/OR A/K/A                  :
    AND/OR D/B/A ADDISON WOLFE                 :
    REAL ESTATE AND/OR A/K/A                   :
    AND/OR D/B/A THE JAY GINSBERG              :
    GROUP AT ADDISON WOLFE REAL                :
    ESTATE AND JOHN DOE/JANE                   :
    DOE/ABC CORP.                              :
                                               :
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: CAROL MOORE

               Appeal from the Order Entered February 22, 2022
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County Civil Division at No(s):
                                 2021-01126

BEFORE:      BOWES, J., NICHOLS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.:                               FILED MARCH 8, 2023

____________________________________________

*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S31017-22

       Appellant Carol Moore appeals from the February 22, 2022 order

denying Appellant’s petition to open and set aside the default judgment

entered against her in the amount of $450,000.00, and in favor of Appellees

Peter Kreher and Lauren Kogen.1 After review, we affirm in part, reverse, in

part, and remand for further proceedings consistent with this memorandum.

       The trial court summarized the relevant facts and procedural history of

this matter as follows:

       This case arises out of a slip and fall incident. On March 7, 2019,
       Plaintiff, Peter Kreher (hereafter “Appellee”) was walking in the
       parking lot area on the premises of the property known as 101-
       103 Mechanics Street, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, when due to an
       alleged accumulation of snow and ice, Appellee slipped and fell
       resulting in alleged injuries to Appellee.

       Appellee commenced this action by filing a complaint on March 2,
       2021. Pertinent to the instant appeal, in said Complaint Appellee
       avers that [Appellant], along with the other named defendants,
       were agents, servants, workmen, representatives, and/or
       employees of their joint venture/business which entailed the
       owning and operation of the above referenced property. On April
       7, 2021, Appellee filed an affidavit of service attesting that service
       of the complaint on [Appellant] was effectuated via Federal
       Express two (2) day service at [Appellant’s] address of 240 Pine
       Valley Road SE, Marietta, Georgia, 30067. Proof of service was
       attached to the affidavit in the form of the Federal Express detailed
       tracking sheet that shows said [the] complaint was delivered on
       Thursday, March 11, 2021 at 10:[07] a.m. On April 7, 2021,
       Appellee filed a praecipe to reinstate the complaint. On April 14,
       2021, Appellee filed another praecipe to reinstate the complaint.
       On April 27, 2021, Michael H. Fienman, Esq., entered his
       appearance as counsel of record for [Appellant].

____________________________________________

1 An order denying a motion to open, vacate, or strike off a judgment is
immediately appealable. See Pa.R.A.P. 311(a)(1) (interlocutory appeals as
of right).

                                           -2-
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     Appellant . . . never filed any response to the complaint and as
     such on May 7, 2021, Appellee filed a praecipe for default
     judgment against [Appellant] for $450,000.00. The praecipe was
     signed by the Bucks County Prothonotary. Said praecipe included
     a Pa.R.C.P. 236 notice, also signed by the Bucks County
     Prothonotary. Also attached to the praecipe was a copy of the
     Notice to Appellant . . . dated April 7, 2021, that Appellee would
     seek a default judgment and that Appellant had ten (10) days to
     respond to the complaint. As the docket and court file reflects, no
     responsive pleading by Appellant was filed upon receipt of said
     notice on April 7, 2021, and as such the default judgment against
     Appellant was entered on May 7, 2021.

     On May 21, 2021, Appellant filed a petition to open and set aside
     the default judgment, arguing that the default judgment should
     be opened because Appellee never properly effectuated service of
     the complaint on Appellant because Appellee did not require nor
     obtain a “signed receipt by [Appellant]” allegedly in violation of
     Pa.R.C.P. 403, Pa.R.C.P. 404, and 42 Pa.C.S. § 5323. On June 3,
     2021, Appellee filed response in opposition to the motion to lift
     default, which argues that Appellant did receive actual notice of
     the complaint and actual notice of the intent to seek a default
     judgment which included a copy of the complaint. Furthermore,
     Appellee’s response also argues that in the time after Appellant’s
     counsel entered his appearance but before the default judgment
     was entered, Appellee’s counsel was in repeated contact and
     conversation with Appellant’s counsel about allowing Appellant
     time to filing a responsive pleading, such as preliminary
     objections, before Appellee would seek the default judgment, but
     that Appellant’s counsel refused to respond because it was
     counsel’s position that service was improper.

     On November 11, 2022, Mr. Fienman, Esq., filed a motion to
     withdraw as counsel citing irreconcilable differences with
     [Appellant] and good cause to withdraw in compliance with the
     grounds set forth in Pennsylvania Rule of Professional Conduct
     1.16(b). On January 27, 2022, this court issued a rule to show
     cause as to why counsel’s motion to withdraw should not be
     granted. On February 17, 2022, this court issued an order
     denying Appellant’s motion to open and [set] aside the default
     judgment. On February 22, 2022, Mr. Fienman filed a motion to
     make rule absolute arguing that he should be permitted leave to
     withdraw because no party, including [Appellant] had filed a
     response to his motion to withdraw. On March 14, 2022, this court
     issued an order granting Mr. Fienman leave to withdraw as counsel

                                    -3-
J-S31017-22

       for [Appellant]. On March 16, 2022, Mr. Fienman, Esq., filed a
       praecipe for withdrawal of appearance as counsel for Appellant.

Trial Ct. Op., 5/31/22, at 1-3.

       The February 17, 2022 order denying Appellant’s motion to open and

set aside the default judgment was entered on the trial court docket and

served on the parties on February 22, 2022.2 On March 18, 2022, Appellant

filed a timely appeal.        Both Appellant and the trial court complied with

Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

       On appeal, Appellant raises the following issues:

       Whether the trial court committed an error of law or abused its
       discretion in denying [Appellant’s] petition to open and set aside
       the default judgment (the “petition”) in its order dated February
       17, 2022, which was entered on the docket on February 22, 2022,
       for the following reasons:

          1. Because oral argument on the petition was specifically
             requested by Appellant and was denied by the trial court,
             there is no transcript or opinion relating to the court’s
             order denying the petition and the reasons for the trial
             court’s order are vague and/or not discernable from the
             record.

          2. Because Appellant alleged in her petition all of the three
             prongs necessary for opening the default judgment 1) a
             prompt filing of a petition to open the default judgment;
             2) a meritorious defense; and 3) a reasonable excuse or
             explanation for her failure to file a responsive pleading,
             which required the trial court to open the default
             judgment.

____________________________________________

2See Pa.R.A.P. 108(a)(1) (providing that the date of entry of an order is the
day the clerk of court mails or delivers copies of the order to the parties); see
also Pa.R.C.P. 236.

                                           -4-
J-S31017-22

         3. Because Appellant alleged in her petition significant
            irregularities or fatal defects apparent in the record to
            render the default judgment invalid (because [Appellees]
            failed to properly serve original process on Appellant
            because Appellant lives out of state and a signed return
            receipt was not obtained), which required the trial court
            to strike the default judgment, and the trial court did not
            have discretion not to do so.

         4. Because there was no assessment of damages hearing
            related to the default judgment and the default judgment
            was entered against Appellant in the amount of
            $450,000.00, a figure that was pulled out of thin air and
            is only referenced in the default judgment papers
            themselves, not in the complaint or otherwise
            determined at an assessment of damages hearing.

Appellant’s Brief at 6 (formatting altered).

      Our standard of review regarding the denial of a petition to open a

default judgment is as follows:

      [We must] examine the entire record for any abuse of discretion,
      reversing only where the trial court's findings are inconsistent with
      the clear equities of the case. Moreover, this Court must
      determine whether there are equitable considerations which
      require that a defendant, against whom a default judgment has
      been entered, receive an opportunity to have the case decided on
      the merits. Where the trial court's analysis was premised upon
      record evidence, where its findings of fact were deductions from
      other facts, a pure result of reasoning, and where the trial court
      made no credibility determinations, this Court may draw its own
      inferences and arrive at its own conclusions. Finally, where the
      equities warrant opening a default judgment, this Court will not
      hesitate to find an abuse of discretion.

Reid v. Boohar, 856 A.2d 156, 159 (Pa. Super. 2004).

      A petition to open a judgment is an appeal to the equitable powers
      of the court. It is committed to the sound discretion of the hearing
      court and will not be disturbed absent a manifest abuse of that
      discretion. Ordinarily, if a petition to open a judgment is to be
      successful, it must meet the following test: (1) the petition to open

                                      -5-
J-S31017-22

      must be promptly filed; (2) the failure to appear or file a timely
      answer must be excused; and (3) the party seeking to open the
      judgment must show a meritorious defense[.]

      We need not, however, engage in the above analysis if the party
      seeking to open the judgment has not received valid service or
      notice of the proceedings. If the plaintiff has failed to effectuate
      valid service and if the defendant lacks notice of the proceedings
      against him, the court has no jurisdiction over the party and is
      powerless to enter judgment.

Century Sur. Co. v. Essington Auto Center, LLC, 140 A.3d 46, 53–54 (Pa.

Super. 2016) (citations omitted and formatting altered).

      Additionally, we note that “[a] petition to strike a judgment operates as

a demurrer to the record. As such, it is not a matter calling for the exercise

of discretion.”   Williams v. Wade, 704 A.2d 132, 134 (Pa. Super. 1997)

(citation omitted). “A petition to strike a judgment may be granted only where

a fatal defect in the judgment appears on the face of the record.” Id.

      In her first three issues, Appellant argues: 1) the reasons for the trial

court’s order are vague and not discernable from the record; 2) she satisfied

the requirements to open a default judgment; and 3) there is a fatal defect in

the record because Appellant failed to effectuate service of process.

Appellant’s Brief at 14-28.

      After review of the briefs of the parties, the certified record, and relevant

legal authority, we conclude that the trial court’s opinion accurately and

thoroughly addresses each of these issues.         See Trial Ct. Op., at 5-15.

Accordingly, with respect to Appellant’s first three issues, we discern no error

                                      -6-
J-S31017-22

of law or abuse of discretion in the trial court’s order entered on February 22,

2022, and we affirm on the basis of the trial court opinion.3 See id.

       In Appellant’s fourth issue, she asserts that the trial court abused its

discretion or committed an error of law in awarding Appellees $450,000.00 in

damages.      Appellant’s Brief at 28-29.        Appellant contends that Appellees’

complaint did not contain a “sum certain,” there is no support for an award of

$450,000.00, and there was no assessment of damages. Id. at 29-31.

       Appellees respond that this issue is waived due to Appellant’s failure to

raise it before the trial court. Appellees’ Brief at 35-36. Appellees contend

____________________________________________

3 In the Dissenting Memorandum, our learned colleague contends that the trial
court erred in concluding that service was proper, and would, therefore,
reverse the trial court’s order denying Appellant’s petition to strike. See
Dissenting Mem., at 2-7. We respectfully disagree. As the trial court noted,
Appellant’s counsel entered his appearance for Appellant on April 27, 2021,
prior to entry of the default judgment. See Trial Ct. Op., 5/31/22, at 2. The
trial court also noted that service of process outside of Pennsylvania will be
deemed proper where service comports with the requirements of that
jurisdiction. See id. at 9 (citing Pa.R.C.P. 404(4)). As stated, Appellees
served Appellant in the state of Georgia. Under Georgia law, a party waives
defects in service where counsel enters a general appearance in a court having
subject matter jurisdiction. See Brown v. Fokes Properties 2002, Inc.,
657 S.E.2d 820, 821 (Ga. 2008). Where a court otherwise has subject matter
jurisdiction, this waiver “confers jurisdiction of his person regardless of the
fact that process was not served on him or that the service may have been
defective.” Id. Georgia caselaw provides that the entry of appearance must
be in a court with subject matter jurisdiction; it does not state that the entry
of appearance must be in Georgia. See id. Here, the court having subject
matter jurisdiction is in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, where Appellant’s
counsel entered his appearance on April 27, 2021, prior to the entry of the
default judgment. Bearing in mind these principles, Appellant waived defects
to service in Georgia under Georgia law. As such, the trial court correctly
concluded that there was no defect as to service, and, therefore, there is no
fatal defect supporting a petition to strike.

                                           -7-
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that Appellant raised this issue for the first time in her Rule 1925(b)

statement. Id. at 36. Appellees argue that issues, which are not presented

to the trial court, cannot be raised for the first time in a Rule 1925(b)

statement. See id. (citing Cabot Oil v. Speer, 241 A.3d 1191, 1196 (Pa.

Super. 2020) (stating “[a]ppellants cannot raise issues for the first time in a

Rule 1925(b) statement”).

      Similarly, the trial court found this issue waived because Appellant did

not raise it in her petition to open and set aside default judgment. See Trial

Ct. Op., at 16 (citing Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (stating “Issues not raised in the trial

court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”).

However, the trial court continues:

      now that the issue of assessment of damages has been raised,
      and upon this court's independent review of the record with regard
      to the default judgment entered by the prothonotary, this court is
      now concerned that the default judgement perhaps should have
      been entered only as to liability against Appellant and an
      assessment of damages hearing should have been held.

Id. at 16-17 (formatting altered).

      After careful review of the record, we conclude that the amount of

damages was an issue before the trial court. In the complaint, Appellees state

above the caption: “This is a major jury case assessment of damages hearing

Required.” Appellees’ Compl., 3/2/21, at 2. Moreover, we note that “default

judgments generally are governed by the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil

Procedure   and   are   entered   by    prothonotaries   and   without   judicial

                                       -8-
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involvement.” EMC Mortg., LLC v. Biddle, 114 A.3d 1057, 1069 n.8 (Pa.

Super. 2015). Upon entry of a default judgment:

     The prothonotary shall assess damages for the amount to which
     the plaintiff is entitled if it is a sum certain or which can be made
     certain by computation, but if it is not, the damages shall be
     assessed at a trial at which the issues shall be limited to the
     amount of the damages.

Pa.R.C.P. 1037(b)(1).

     Upon review, we agree with Appellant that there was no sum certain,

and the prothonotary lacked the authority to assess damages and enter an

award of $450,000.00. See Evans v. Allied Discount Co., 184 A.2d 345,

347 (Pa. Super 1962) (concluding that the prothonotary has authority to

award damages where the amount is a sum certain or can be made certain by

computation, otherwise “the damages shall be assessed at a trial at which the

issues shall be limited to the amount of damages.”); see also Oguejiofor v.

Sgagias, 2022 WL 4589773, at *5 (Pa. Super. 2022) (noting that while the

prothonotary was permitted to enter default judgment, it lacked the authority

to assess damages); Pa.R.C.P. 1037(b)(1).

     For these reasons, we conclude that although the prothonotary properly

entered default judgment, the prothonotary lacked the authority to assess

damages and the portion of the judgment awarding damages must be

stricken. See Oguejiofor, 2022 WL 4589773 at *5. Accordingly, we vacate

that part of the judgment awarding Appellees $450,000.00, and we remand

for a separate trial as to damages only. See King v. Fayette Aviation, 323

                                     -9-
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A.2d 286, 226 (Pa. Super. 1974) (concluding that although default judgment

should not have been opened, where the amount of damages depended upon

reasonable value of an aircraft and its salvage value, the damages were not a

“sum certain,” and a separate trial on damages was necessary).

      In conclusion, we conclude that Appellant is due no relief on her first

three issues, and we reach this conclusion based on the trial court opinion.

See TCO. However, with respect to the amount of damages, we vacate the

that portion of the judgment awarding Appellees $450,000.00 and remand for

a trial on damages only.

      Judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part. Case remanded for

further   proceedings   consistent   with     this   memorandum.   Jurisdiction

relinquished.

      President Judge Emeritus Stevens joins the memorandum.

      Judge Bowes files a dissenting memorandum.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/08/2023

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