Court Opinion

ID: 4553624
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-08-06 16:04:45.189728+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:42:30.621084
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
      Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
      this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                          FILED
      regarded as precedent or cited before any                                  Aug 06 2020, 9:31 am
      court except for the purpose of establishing                                   CLERK
      the defense of res judicata, collateral                                    Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                                    Court of Appeals
      estoppel, or the law of the case.                                               and Tax Court

      APPELLANT PRO SE                                         APPELLEE PRO SE
      Andrew L. Clary, Jr.                                     Michael Ghosh
      Davao City, Philippines                                  The Ghosh Law Office, LLC
                                                               Carmel, Indiana

                                                 IN THE
          COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

      Andrew L. Clary, Jr.,                                    August 6, 2020
      Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                               20A-PL-67
              v.                                               Appeal from the Hamilton
                                                               Superior Court
      Michael Ghosh,                                           The Honorable Jonathan M.
      Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Brown, Judge
                                                               Trial Court Cause No.
                                                               29D02-1707-PL-6437

      Mathias, Judge.

[1]   This is the third appeal arising out of a suit filed by Michael Ghosh (“Michael”)

      against his ex-wife Meleeka Clary-Gosh (“Meleeka”), MCM Fashions, LLC

      (“MCM”), Luke L. Tooley, Jr. (“Tooley”), Andrew L. Clary, Jr. (“Clary”), and

      TCD Productions, LLC (“TCD”). Michael moved for a default judgment
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020                       Page 1 of 12
      against Clary, which the trial court granted because Clary did not file an

      appearance or responsive pleading. Clary subsequently filed a motion to vacate

      the default judgment, arguing that he had not been served with a summons. The

      trial court rejected this claim and denied the motion to vacate. Clary appeals

      and presents three issues, which we consolidate and restate as: (1) whether the

      trial court erred by denying Clary’s motion to vacate the default judgment

      because Clary was allegedly never served with a summons, and (2) whether the

      trial court properly granted default judgment. Concluding that there is evidence

      in the record to support the trial court’s finding that Clary was served with a

      summons and that Clary has waived his other arguments, we affirm.

                                  Facts and Procedural History
      A. Meleeka and Michael’s Marriage and Divorce

[2]   Meleeka and Michael were married in December 2007. In January 2008,

      Meleeka and her two children from her prior relationship with Tooley moved

      from Boston, Massachusetts, to Indiana to live with Michael. The couple had

      one child together in June 2008. In August 2009, Michael filed a petition to

      dissolve the marriage. In the dissolution decree, the trial court awarded Michael

      sole legal and physical custody of the parties’ son and awarded Meleeka

      parenting time. The trial court initially did not order Meleeka to pay child

      support.

[3]   As we stated in Clary-Ghosh v. Ghosh, 26 N.E.3d 986, 989 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015),

      trans. denied:

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020   Page 2 of 12
               Meleeka and Michael’s relationship was acrimonious and
               resulted in the filing of numerous motions and petitions following
               the dissolution, including several contempt petitions by both
               parties, a request for the appointment of a parenting time
               coordinator and a motion to modify custody by Meleeka, and
               motions to modify parenting time and child support by Michael.

      The trial court ultimately found both parties in contempt and ordered Michael

      to pay a $100 fine and $500 to Meleeka for attorney fees. The trial court also

      found Meleeka in contempt for failing to pay over $7,000 in school fees and

      also ordered her to pay $8,000 to Michael for attorney fees. Id. The trial court

      granted Michael’s motion for child support and to modify parenting time,

      imputing an annual income of $40,000 to Meleeka and ordering her to pay

      child support. Meleeka appealed the trial court’s order, but our court affirmed.
Id. at 996.

[4]   Meleeka subsequently filed a motion to modify custody, award joint custody,

      and reduce her child support obligation. Michael filed a motion to modify

      parenting time and to hold Meleeka in contempt for failing to pay child support.

      The trial court denied Meleeka’s motions and granted Michael’s. Meleeka

      appealed, and we affirmed the trial court in an unpublished decision. Clary-

      Ghosh v. Ghosh, No. 18A-DR-821, 2018 WL 6332540 (Ind. Ct. App. Dec. 5,

      2018).

      B. The Instant Case

[5]   On July 11, 2017, Michael filed a complaint against Meleeka and MCM.

      Michael’s complaint sought to collect on the judgments awarded to him in the

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020   Page 3 of 12
      dissolution proceedings and alleged that Meleeka had fraudulently conveyed all

      of her property to MCM. The complaint sought to set aside the allegedly

      fraudulent transfers and to pierce MCM’s corporate veil. On May 31, 2018,

      Meleeka and MCM filed a motion for summary judgment. Included in the

      evidence designated in support of the motion was a copy of MCM’s operating

      agreement, which showed that the company was composed of Tooley and

      Meleeka’s brother Clary. It also listed Meleeka as MCM’s registered agent. The

      address of MCM’s principal office was the same as the address listed for

      Meleeka. The operating agreement listed Clary’s address as:

              Andrew L. Clary, Jr.
              1430 Bluehill Avenue
              Mattapan, Massachusetts 02126

      Appellee’s App. p. 38.

[6]   On August 27, 2018, Michael filed a motion for leave to amend his complaint

      to add as defendants Tooley and Clary, in their individual capacities, and TCD.

      TCD is another limited liability company created by Meleeka that identified

      Tooley as its sole manager. The amended complaint noted that Michael had

      been awarded judgments against Meleeka in excess of $84,000 and also listed

      automobiles that Meleeka had transferred to MCM. The amended complaint

      sought to hold Clary personally liable for the judgments entered against

      Meleeka and requested that the trial court order the defendants to pay punitive

      damages. The trial court granted the motion for leave to amend on January 3,

      2019.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020   Page 4 of 12
[7]   Michael then hired a private process server to serve Clary with the amended

      complaint and a summons at the Bluehill Avenue address listed in the MCM

      operating agreement. On February 7, 2019, Michael filed a Verified Notice of

      Service of Process on Clary with the process server’s affidavit of service

      attached. The Verified Notice provides in relevant part:

              5. On February 6, 2019 at approximately 3:19 p.m. EST, John
              Roberto, a process server and disinterested person with Dewsnap
              & Associates, LLC (“Roberto”), delivered copies of a Summons
              directed to Andrew L. Clary Jr. and the Amended Complaint in
              an envelope by taping them at Andrew L. Clary Jr.’s “apartment
              door inside of secured front door” at 1430 Bluehill Avenue,
              Mattapan, Massachusetts 02126. . . .

              6. On February 6, 2019, Roberto served copies of a Summons
              directed to Andrew L. Clary Jr. and the Amended Complaint
              by first class United State mail, postage pre-paid addressed to
              Andrew L. Clary Jr., 1430 Bluehill Avenue, Mattapan,
              Massachusetts 02126.

      Appellant’s App. Vol. 3, p. 18 (emphases added). The process server’s affidavit,

      which was attached as an exhibit to the Verified Notice of Service of Process,

      avers that, after three unsuccessful attempts, the server left the summons,

      amended complaint, and a copy of the order granting leave to amend the

      complaint at the apartment door inside a secured front door of the 1430 Bluehill

      Avenue address. The trial court’s chronological case summary (“CCS”)

      contains an entry on February 7, 2019, titled “Certificate of Issuance of

      Summons,” which refers to the Verified Notice of Service of Process.

      Appellant’s App. Vol. 2, p. 14.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020   Page 5 of 12
[8]    On March 15, 2019, Michael filed a motion for default judgment against Clary.

       In support of the motion, Michael’s trial counsel filed an affidavit attesting that

       Clary had been served with a copy of the summons and complaint on February

       6, 2019 and had failed to appear or respond to the complaint by the March 1,

       2019 deadline.

[9]    MCM filed an answer to the amended complaint on March 15, 2019 and filed a

       response to Michael’s motion for default judgment on March 20, 2019. On May

       1, 2019, the trial court granted Michael’s motion for default judgment against

       Clary, entering judgment against him in the amount of $84,567.13, plus

       interest; $75,000.00 in punitive damages, plus interest; and attorney fees and

       costs in an amount to be determined at a damages hearing.

[10]   Approximately two months later, on June 30, 2019, Clary filed a motion to

       vacate the default judgment under Indiana Trial Rule 60(B)(6).1 In his motion,

       1
         On May 28, 2019, Tooley filed a motion to vacate the default judgment entered against him. Like Clary,
       Tooley claimed that the trial court lacked personal jurisdiction because he was never served with a summons.
       The trial court denied Tooley’s motion, finding that Tooley was properly served and that it had personal
       jurisdiction. Tooley appealed, and we affirmed the trial court’s finding that Tooley was properly served. See
       Clary-Ghosh v. Ghosh, No. 19A-PL-1541, 2020 WL 2503929, at *1–2 (Ind. Ct. App. May 15, 2020). We note
       that Clary’s pro se Appellant’s Brief is substantially the same as that filed by Tooley in his appeal.
       After the trial court entered default judgment against Tooley, Michael filed a motion requesting the
       appointment of a receiver. Meleeka then filed a notice of bankruptcy and an automatic stay, listing Clary,
       TCD, Tooley, and Tooley’s trust as co-debtors. The trial court postponed a hearing on the receivership issue
       until the bankruptcy stay was lifted. On December 3, 2019, after the bankruptcy stay was lifted, the trial court
       held a hearing on Michael’s request for the appointment of a receiver. On December 13, 2019, Tooley filed a
       notice of bankruptcy and a motion to stay. The trial court then issued an order six days later appointing a
       receiver, and Tooley appealed. In an unpublished memorandum decision, we held that Tooley was entitled
       to notice of the hearing at which the trial court considered Michael’s motion for the appointment of a
       receiver and remanded for a new hearing of which Tooley should be given adequate notice. Tooley v. Ghosh,
       No. 19A-PL-3016, 2020 WL 3495297 (Ind. Ct. App. June 29, 2020).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020                       Page 6 of 12
       Clary argued that the default judgment was void because the trial court lacked

       personal jurisdiction over him. Specifically, Clary alleged that he had not been

       served with the summons. Michael filed a response to Clary’s motion, citing the

       proof of service that he had filed with the trial court. On December 20, 2019,

       the trial court entered an order denying Clary’s motion to vacate, determining

       that Clary had properly been served yet failed to appear. Clary now appeals.

                                          Standard of Review
[11]   Clary argues that the judgment against him is void because he was not properly

       served with a summons. A judgment entered where there has been insufficient

       service of process is void for lack of personal jurisdiction. Hair v. Deutsche Bank

       Nat’l Trust Co., 18 N.E.3d 1019, 1022 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014) (citing Front Row

       Motors, LLC v. Jones, 5 N.E.3d 753, 759 (Ind. 2014)). Indiana Trial Rule

       60(B)(6) provides that “[o]n motion and upon such terms as are just the [trial]

       court may relieve a party or his legal representative from a judgment, including

       a judgment by default, for the following reasons: . . . (6) the judgment is void.”

[12]   A motion made under Trial Rule 60(B) to set aside a judgment is addressed to

       the equitable discretion of the trial court. In re Paternity of P.S.S., 934 N.E.2d
737, 740–41 (Ind. 2010). “Typically, we review a trial court’s ruling on a

       motion to set aside a judgment for an abuse of discretion, meaning that we must

       determine whether the trial court’s ruling is clearly against the logic and effect

       of the facts and inferences supporting the ruling.” Hair, 18 N.E.3d at 1022

       (citing Yoder v. Colonial Nat’l Mortg., 920 N.E.2d 798, 800–01 (Ind. Ct. App.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020   Page 7 of 12
       2010)). However, the ultimate question of whether personal jurisdiction exists is

       a question of law that we review de novo. Id.

                                 I. Sufficient Proof of Service of Summons

[13]   Clary argues that he was not served with a summons, that the trial court lacked

       personal jurisdiction over him because of the lack of service, and that the

       default judgment was therefore void.

[14]   Michael served Clary pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 4.1(A)(3), which provides

       that “[s]ervice may be made upon an individual, or an individual acting in a

       representative capacity, by . . . leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at

       his dwelling house or usual place of abode.” Trial Rule 4.1(B) further provides

       that whenever service is made under [Trial Rule 4.1(A)](3) “the person making

       the service also shall send by first class mail, a copy of the summons and the

       complaint to the last known address of the person being served, and this fact

       shall be shown upon the return.”

[15]   The process server hired by Michael left a copy of the summons at the address

       listed for Clary in MCM’s operating agreement. On appeal, Clary claims that

       this is the wrong address and that he actually lived in the Philippines at the time

       the amended complaint was filed. However, in his Trial Rule 60(B) motion to

       vacate, Clary never alleged that he lived in the Philippines or that the summons

       had been delivered to the wrong address. See Appellant’s App. Vol. 3, pp. 25–

       26. An appellant may not present an argument that was not presented to the

       trial court. Ind. Bureau of Motor Vehicles v. Gurtner, 27 N.E.3d 306, 312 (Ind. Ct.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020   Page 8 of 12
Ohio App. 2015) (citing Citimortgage v. Barabas, 975 N.E.2d 805, 813 (Ind. 2012)). In

       addition, Clary cites nothing in the record to support his claim that he lives in

       the Philippines. We therefore will not consider this argument on appeal.

[16]   Clary also argues that the record does not support a finding that a summons

       was issued for him. We disagree. “[I]t is well settled that the trial court speaks

       through its CCS or docket[.]” City of Indianapolis v. Hicks, 932 N.E.2d 227, 233

       (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans. denied. Although there is no document in the record

       titled “summons” with respect to Clary, the CCS contains an entry dated

       February 7, 2019, that notes the electronic filing of a certificate of issuance of

       summons for Clary.

[17]   At the time Clary was served, Indiana Trial Rule 86(G), which sets forth the

       procedure for electronically filed service, provided in pertinent part:

               (2) Issuance of Summons and Service of Initial Complaint or
               Equivalent Pleading.

                    (a) Except as provided below in (Q), at the time the initial
                    complaint or equivalent pleading is filed, the filer shall also
                    file completed summons(es) designating the manner of
                    service. The Clerk shall date, sign and seal the summons(es)
                    and transmit the summons(es) to the filer for service.

                    (b) The filer shall serve the initial complaint or equivalent
                    pleading and the summons upon all parties in the manner
                    provided in Trial Rules 4.1 through 4.14.

                    (c) In the event of service by registered or certified mail, or
                    other public means by which a written acknowledgement of
                    receipt may be requested and obtained, or first class mail (as
                    provided in Trial Rule 4.1(B)) the filer shall promptly

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020   Page 9 of 12
                    transmit to the Clerk a dated and signed Certificate of
                    Issuance of Summons specifying the method of service with
                    respect to each party, the date of mailing, address of each
                    party, and tracking or identifying number for each summons.

                    (d) All returns regarding service shall be directed and made to
                    the Clerk.

                                                       ***

                         (iii) If service was made by the filer leaving a copy of the
                         summons and complaint or equivalent pleading at the
                         dwelling house or usual place of abode of the party
                         under Trial Rule 4.1(A)(3), the filer shall complete
                         service as required by Trial Rule 4.1(B) and promptly
                         transmit a dated and signed Affidavit of Service to the
                         Clerk.

       T.R. 86(G) (emphasis added).

[18]   Here, the CCS entry for February 7, 2019 noted that Michael filed a Verified

       Notice of Service of Process and an accompanying notarized process server’s

       affidavit which averred that the summons was one of the documents served on

       Clary. Indeed, the Verified Notice of Service of Process attests that the process

       server delivered copies of a summons “directed to Andrew L. Clary Jr.”

       Appellant’s App. Vol. 3, p. 18.

[19]   Clary’s argument that Michael was “either mistaken about the summons or is

       claiming that he provided [Clary] with either Meleeka' s summons or MCM

       Fashions[’s] summons” is unsupported by any citation to the record.

       Appellant’s Br. at 17. Although the CCS does not indicate that Michael filed a

       copy of the summons that was served on Clary, his counsel did file an affidavit
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020   Page 10 of 12
       averring that the summons served was directed to Clary. In the absence of any

       evidence to the contrary, we cannot say that the trial court erred by concluding

       that this entry, along with the process server’s affidavit, were sufficient to

       support a finding that Clary was properly served with a summons.

[20]   Still, Clary argues that the failure to file a copy of the served summons was a

       violation of Indiana Trial Rule 4.15(C). This rule provides:

               (C) Proof of Filing and Issuance Dates. The clerk shall enter a
               filing date upon every praecipe, pleading, return, summons,
               affidavit or other paper filed with or entered of record by him.
               The clerk shall also enter an issuance date upon any summons
               issued, mailed or delivered by him, or other communication
               served or transmitted by him under these rules. Such filing or
               issuance date shall constitute evidence of the date of filing or
               issuance without further authentication when entered in the court
               records, or when the paper or a copy thereof is otherwise
               properly offered or admitted into evidence.

       T.R. 4.15(C) (emphasis added). Clary argues that, because there is no notation

       in the CCS indicating that the trial court clerk issued a separate summons for

       Clary, Michael necessarily must have served him with a summons from the

       initial complaint, which did not name Clary. This is sheer conjecture. As noted,

       the trial court’s CCS shows an entry for an electronically filed certificate of

       issuance of summons for Clary dated February 7, 2019. The Verified Notice of

       Service of Process averred that a summons directed to Clary was served upon

       him.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020   Page 11 of 12
[21]   Under these facts and circumstances, we discern no error in the trial court’s

       CCS entry regarding the certificate of issuance of summons for Clary. The CCS

       indicates, and the Verified Notice of Service of Process and the process server’s

       affidavit confirm, that a summons directed to Clary was served at Clary’s

       address, as it was listed in MCM’s operating agreement. Because the record

       indicates that Clary was served with a summons but failed to appear, the default

       judgment entered against Clary is valid, and the trial court correctly denied

       Clary’s motion to vacate.

                                 II. Clary’s Other Arguments Are Waived

[22]   Clary also claims that the facts alleged in the amended complaint do not

       support an entry of default judgment and that there was insufficient evidence to

       pierce MCM’s corporate veil. However, Clary did not present these arguments

       to the trial court in his motion to vacate the default judgment. They are

       accordingly waived. See Gurtner, 27 N.E.3d at 312 (citing Citimortgage, 975
N.E.2d at 813).

                                                 Conclusion
[23]   The trial court did not err by denying Clary’s motion to vacate the default

       judgment entered against him, and the remainder of his arguments have been

       waived. We therefore affirm the judgment of the trial court.

[24]   Affirmed.

       Bradford, C.J., and Najam, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-PL-67 | August 6, 2020   Page 12 of 12