Court Opinion

ID: 9384334
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-03 16:07:27.766416+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:52.825956
License: Public Domain

J-S09008-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
              v.                       :
                                       :
                                       :
 REYES A. SALAZAR                      :
                                       :
                   Appellant           :   No. 735 EDA 2020

     Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered January 10, 2020
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                    No(s): CP-51-CR-0009313-2017

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
              v.                       :
                                       :
                                       :
 REYES A. SALAZAR                      :
                                       :
                   Appellant           :   No. 736 EDA 2020

     Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered January 10, 2020
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                    No(s): CP-51-CR-0010630-2017

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
              v.                       :
                                       :
                                       :
 REYES A. SALAZAR                      :
                                       :
                   Appellant           :   No. 737 EDA 2020

     Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered January 10, 2020
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                    No(s): CP-51-CR-0010631-2017

BEFORE: OLSON, J., McCAFFERY, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
J-S09008-21

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                               FILED APRIL 3, 2023

       In this consolidated appeal,1 Appellant, Reyes A. Salazar, appeals from

the January 10, 2020 judgments of sentence that imposed an aggregate

sentence of 38 to 76 years’ incarceration after a jury convicted Appellant of

rape of a child (2 counts), involuntary deviate sexual intercourse with a child

(2 counts), unlawful contact with a minor (3 counts), endangering the welfare

of a child (2 counts), corruption of a minor – third-degree felony (1 count),

corruption of a minor – first-degree misdemeanor (2 counts), and indecent

assault of a person less than sixteen years of age (1 count).2 This case returns

____________________________________________

1 In a May 1, 2020 per curiam order, this Court, upon Appellant’s request,
consolidated the three appeals docketed in this Court at 735 EDA 2020,
736 EDA 2020, and 737 EDA 2020.

218 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3121(c), 3123(b), 6318(a)(1), 4304(a)(1), 6301(a)(1)(ii),
6301(a)(1)(i), and 3126(a)(8), respectively.

At trial court docket number CP-51-CR-0009313-2017 (“Docket 9313”),
Appellant was convicted of one count each of rape of a child, involuntary
deviate sexual intercourse with a child, unlawful contact with a minor,
endangering the welfare of a child, and corruption of a minor – third-degree
felony.

At trial court docket number CP-51-CR-0010630-2017 (“Docket 10630”),
Appellant was convicted of one count each of rape of a child, involuntary
deviate sexual intercourse with a child, unlawful contact with a minor,
endangering the welfare of a child, and corruption of a minor – first-degree
misdemeanor.

At trial court docket number CP-51-CR-0010631-2017 (“Docket 10631”),
Appellant was convicted of one count each of unlawful contact with a minor,
corruption of a minor – first-degree misdemeanor, and indecent assault of a
person less than sixteen years of age.

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J-S09008-21

to us after our Supreme Court vacated, in part, this Court’s order of October

1, 2021, and remanded the matter for our reconsideration in light of

Commonwealth v. Thorne, 276 A.3d 1192 (Pa. 2002).3 We vacate, in part,

Appellant’s judgments of sentence only insofar as it directs Appellant to

register as a Tier III sexual offender and remand this case for further

proceedings consistent with this memorandum.

       We previously summarized the procedural history as follows:

          The underlying convictions stem from the alleged sexual
          abuse of three minor complainants, D.C., A.O., and A.B. On
          October 7, 2019, following a jury trial, Appellant was found
          guilty of the aforementioned crimes.

          On January 10, 2020, the trial court sentenced Appellant to
          an aggregate term of 38-76 years' incarceration.           On
          Docket 9313, Appellant was sentenced to 10-20 years'
          incarceration for rape of a child, a consecutive term of 5-10
          years’ incarceration for involuntary deviate sexual
          intercourse with a child, a consecutive term of 2½-5 years'
          incarceration for unlawful contact with a minor, and
          concurrent terms[FN3] of 2½-5 years’ incarceration, each, for
          both his conviction of endangering the welfare of a child and
          his conviction of corruption of a minor – third-degree felony.

              [Footnote 3] The sentences imposed for Appellant's
              convictions of endangering the welfare of a child and
              corruption of a minor – third-degree felony were to
              run concurrent to the sentence imposed for his
              conviction of unlawful contact with a minor.

          Appellant   received     an    identical  sentence     under
          Docket 10630. On Docket 10631, Appellant was sentenced
          to 1-2 years' incarceration for indecent assault of a person
____________________________________________

3 See Commonwealth v. Salazar, 266 A.3d 600 (Pa. Super. 2021)
(unpublished memorandum); see also Commonwealth v. Salazar, 285
A.3d 884 (Pa. 2022) (per curiam order).

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        less than sixteen years of age, a concurrent term of 2-4
        years’ incarceration for unlawful contact, and a consecutive
        term of 1-2 years’ incarceration for his conviction of
        corruption of a minor – first-degree misdemeanor. The
        sentence imposed at each docket was ordered to run
        consecutively [to each punishment imposed at the other
        dockets]. Appellant was further ordered to comply with all
        Tier III requirements under Pennsylvania's Sexual Offender
        Registration and Notification Act (“SORNA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A.
        §§ 9799[.]10 to 9799.41, which include[] lifetime
        registration with the Pennsylvania State Police.

        On January 20, 2020, Appellant filed a timely post-sentence
        motion for reconsideration, arguing that the trial court failed
        to consider his mitigating factors and imposed a “manifestly
        unreasonable” sentence.[FN4]

            [Footnote 4] On January 20, 2020, Appellant filed
            notices of appeal of the judgments of sentence
            entered at each of the aforementioned trial court
            dockets. Upon praecipe to discontinue, this Court
            discontinued   the   three   appeals.        See
            Commonwealth v. Salazar at 405 EDA 2020,
            406 EDA 2020, and 407 EDA 2020.

        Following a hearing on February 20, 2020, the trial court
        denied Appellant's post-sentence motion. Trial counsel was
        permitted to withdraw, and appellate counsel was appointed
        on February 24, 2020. These appeals followed.[FN5]

            [Footnote 5]     Both Appellant and the trial court
            complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.             The record
            demonstrates       that,     in    compliance   with
            Commonwealth v. Walker, 185 A.3d 969 (Pa.
            2018), and its progeny, Appellant filed a separate
            notice of appeal at each trial court docket.

Salazar, 266 A.3d 600, at **1-**2 (original brackets and record citation

omitted).

                                     -4-
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        On October 1, 2021, this Court affirmed Appellant’s judgments of

sentence.4 Id. at **1. In so affirming, this Court, in pertinent part, held that

Appellant    waived     his   third   issue    challenging   the   constitutionality   of

SORNA – Subchapter H. We specifically determined that Appellant waived this

claim because he did not raise the issue before the trial court. Id. at **10,

citing Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) and Commonwealth v. Reslink, 257 A.3d 21

(Pa. Super. 2020).5 Appellant subsequently filed a petition for allowance of

____________________________________________

4   On appeal, Appellant raised the following issues for our review:

        1. Did the trial court frustrate Appellant's defense strategy across
           all three consolidated cases and violate his right to thoroughly
           cross-examine his accuser by denying his motion to pierce
           Section 3104 of the Pennsylvania Crimes Code, 18 Pa.C.S.A.
           § 3104, commonly referred to as the “Rape Shield Law”?

        2. Did the trial court impose an unduly harsh sentence and fail to
           consider the factors mandated by Pennsylvania's Sentencing
           Code when imposing a sentence that assures Appellant will
           remain incarcerated for the remainder of his natural life, when
           he is no longer a risk to recidivate?

        3. Should this Court rule consistently with its precedent - and the
           same precedent followed by our Supreme Court - and remand
           this matter so that Appellant may litigate a constitutional
           challenge to his SORNA registration?

        4. Was the evidence so inherently unreliable that it failed to
           sustain the   verdicts entered on Docket 9313 and
           Docket 10630?

Salazar, 266 A.3d 600, at **2 (brackets omitted and citation omitted).

5 Our Supreme Court, in Thorne, supra, disapproved of this Court’s holding
in Reslink, supra. Thorne, 276 A.3d at 1198.

                                           -5-
J-S09008-21

appeal with our Supreme Court.            Our Supreme Court granted Appellant’s

petition for allowance of appeal limited to Appellant’s third issue, as noted

supra, and vacated, in part, our October 1, 2021 order affirming Appellant’s

judgments of sentence. Salazar, 285 A.3d 884, at *1. Our Supreme Court

remanded the case to this Court for the limited purpose of reconsidering our

prior disposition of Appellant’s third issue, in light of Thorne, supra.

Salazar, 285 A.3d 884, at *1.

       Appellant’s third issue on appeal challenges the constitutionality of

SORNA – Subchapter         H.6     Specifically, Appellant   alleges   that   SORNA

improperly adopts an irrebuttable presumption “that every person who

commits an enumerated sexually violate offense poses a high risk of

committing additional sexual offenses and has a reduced expectation of

privacy.”    Appellant’s Brief at 35 (original quotation marks and brackets

omitted), citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.11(a)(4) and (5).          Appellant further

argues that SORNA’s registration and notification provisions impermissibly

increase his punishment without meeting the requirements of Apprendi v.

New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000)7 and Alleyne v. United States, 570 U.S.
____________________________________________

6 Subchapter H of SORNA applies to the case sub judice because Appellant’s
crimes were committed on or after December 20, 2012. See Thorne, 276
A.3d at 1193 n.1 (stating, revised Subchapter H of SORNA applies to
individuals who committed their sexual offenses on or after December 20,
2012).

7 In Apprendi, the Supreme Court of the United States held that, “[o]ther
than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a

                                           -6-
J-S09008-21

99 (2013),8 in violation of, inter alia, his procedural due process rights and

the doctrine of separation of powers. Appellant’s Brief at 40-41. Appellant

raised these challenges to the constitutionality of SORNA – Subchapter H for

the first time on appeal. See Appellant’s Rule 1925(b) Statement, 6/16/20;

see also Appellant’s Brief at 33-41.

       Recently, our Supreme Court held that constitutional challenges to

SORNA – Subchapter H implicate the legality of a sentence and cannot be

waived on the basis that such claims were raised for the first time on appeal.

Thorne, 276 A.3d at 1198.            Because Appellant’s constitutional challenges

were presented for the first time on appeal, however, there is no factual record

before us. Therefore, in consonance with Thorne, supra, we remand this

case for further development of the record related to Appellant’s challenge to

the constitutionality of SORNA – Subchapter H.

       Judgments of sentence vacated, in part, insofar as Appellant is required

to register as a Tier III sexual offender under SORNA – Subchapter H.9 Case

____________________________________________

crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury,
and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.” Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 490.

8 In Alleyne, the Supreme Court of the United States similarly held that,
“[a]ny fact that, by law, increases the penalty for a crime is an ‘element’ that
must be submitted to the jury and found beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Alleyne, 570 U.S. at 103 (citation omitted).

9 Those aspects of this Court’s order affirming Appellant’s convictions and
rejecting his challenge to the discretionary aspects of his sentences were not
disturbed by our Supreme Court’s limited grant of allocator concerning the

                                           -7-
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remanded      for   further    development       of   Appellant’s   challenge   to   the

constitutionality of SORNA – Subchapter H. Jurisdiction relinquished.

       Judge Musmanno did not participate in the consideration or decision of

this case.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/3/2023

____________________________________________

constitutionality of SORNA – Subchapter H, as discussed supra. Salazar, 285
A.3d 884, at *1 (denying allocator as to the remaining issues).

                                           -8-