Court Opinion

ID: 3001106
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-24 20:12:51.363382+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:45:44.351342
License: Public Domain

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
                       To be cited only in accordance with
                               Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

           United States Court of Appeals
                             For the Seventh Circuit
                             Chicago, Illinois 60604

                           Submitted November 7, 2007*
                            Decided November 9, 2007

                                      Before

                   Hon. MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge

                   Hon. TERENCE T. EVANS, Circuit Judge

                   Hon. ANN CLAIRE WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge

No. 06-1291

TOM HUANG,                                   Appeal from the United States District
    Plaintiff-Appellant,                     Court for the Central District of
                                             Illinois
      v.
                                             No. 02-1131
CATERPILLAR, INCORPORATED,
    Defendant-Appellee.                      Michael M. Mihm,
                                             Judge.

                                    ORDER

       Tom Huang sued Caterpillar, Inc., alleging that it discriminated against him
on the basis of national origin in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of
1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(1). The district court granted summary judgment in
favor of Caterpillar. Huang now appeals, and we asked the parties to discuss in

      *
        After an examination of the briefs and the record, we have concluded that
oral argument is unnecessary. Thus, the appeal is submitted on the briefs and the
record. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
No. 06-1291                                                                       Page 2

their briefs whether we have jurisdiction in this case. Because we agree with
Caterpillar that we lack appellate jurisdiction, we dismiss Huang’s appeal.

        In November 2005, nearly ninety days after the district court entered
summary judgment in this case, Huang sent a letter to the court. The letter listed
reasons why Huang could not “accept” the judgment and asked for permission to
depose additional witnesses, or, in the alternative, for the court to instruct him
“how and where” he could “complaint [sic] such issues.” Huang stated in the letter
that two months earlier, in August 2005, he had sent a nearly identical letter to the
court, but that he had received no response. The district court, upon requesting and
receiving from Huang a copy of the August letter, issued an order stating that the
November letter was untimely, that the court had no record of receiving the August
letter, and that Huang should submit proof that he sent the August letter to the
court. Huang then submitted a barely legible receipt supposedly obtained from the
post office that Huang argued proved that he had sent the August letter to the
district court. The court found the receipt persuasive, construed the August letter
as a notice of appeal, and deemed it timely nunc pro tunc.

       It is within a district court’s inherent powers to correct a ministerial error
through a nunc pro tunc order. Transamerica Ins. Co. v. South, 975 F.2d 321, 325-
26 (7th Cir. 1992). And so long as the court is not attempting to rewrite history or
revise the substance of what transpired, it may issue a nunc pro tunc order
clarifying a jurisdictional issue. Rice v. Sunrise Express, Inc., 209 F.3d 1008, 1014-
15 (7th Cir. 2000). Still, the filing of a timely notice of appeal within the thirty-day
deadline, see 28 U.S.C. § 2107(a); Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A), is essential to our
jurisdiction, see Bowles v. Russell, 127 S. Ct. 2360, 2363-64 (2007); Robinson v. City
of Harvey, 489 F.3d 864, 867 (7th Cir. 2007). And even where neither party raises
it, we have an independent obligation to ensure appellate jurisdiction exists.
Doctor’s Assoc., Inc. v. Duree, 375 F.3d 618, 621-22 (7th Cir. 2004).

       Here, the district judge issued a nunc pro tunc order seemingly to revise the
substance of what had transpired. The court based its order solely upon a barely
legible receipt that in no way verified that the court actually received Huang’s letter
within the prescribed time limit. Moreover, both the August and November letters
were essentially identical to one another, and Caterpillar received neither. We
therefore question not only whether Huang timely filed the August letter, but also
whether the district court properly applied its inherent powers when it issued the
nunc pro tunc order. Cf. United States v. Hirsch, 207 F.3d 928, 930-31 (7th Cir.
2000) (questioning the district court’s potential use of its inherent powers to treat a
late notice of appeal as timely filed because such an approach could not be
reconciled with the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure). Regardless, we need not
decide the issue because Huang’s August letter does not satisfy Rule 3(c)(1) of the
No. 06-1291                                                                     Page 3

Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure and therefore does not qualify as a notice of appeal.

       Although we liberally construe Rule 3 and will not dismiss a case where we
can infer from the notice the party’s intent to appeal the judgment, United States v.
Segal, 432 F.3d 767, 772 (7th Cir. 2005), satisfaction of the Rule’s jurisdictional
requirements is mandatory, Smith v. Barry, 502 U.S. 244, 248 (1992). Huang’s
August letter neglected to state unambiguously that Huang was in fact appealing
the district court’s judgment. Huang merely asserted that he “cannot accept” the
judgment and requested that the district court reconsider its ruling after allowing
him to take more depositions. Further, he asked the district court to let him “know
how and where” he could “complaint [sic] such issues.” It cannot be inferred from
these statements that Huang intended to appeal the district court’s judgment in his
August letter. Rather, he seemed to be requesting reconsideration or, in the
alternative, information on how to proceed. See, e.g., Mosley v. Cozby, 813 F.2d 659,
660 (5th Cir. 1987) (“Because the primary relief sought in [the notice of appeal] is
reconsideration, and leave to appeal is sought only if reconsideration is denied, we
conclude that the document does not ‘clearly evince . . . [an] intent to appeal.’”). We
cannot consider this the functional equivalent of an appeal. See Barry, 502 U.S. at
248.

       Huang’s notice of appeal also did not, as required by Rule 3(c)(1), specify the
court to which he was appealing. Although the Rule itself commands that an
appeal “not be dismissed for informality of form or title,” Fed. R. App. P. 3(c)(4),
when taken alongside his failure to state clearly that he intended to appeal the
district court’s judgment, Huang’s August letter is insufficient to constitute a valid
notice of appeal under Rule 3(c). Noncompliance with Rule 3 is fatal to an appeal,
Barry, 502 U.S. at 248, and we therefore DISMISS this appeal for lack of appellate
jurisdiction.