Court Opinion

ID: 9910873
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-18 19:01:00.996069+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:54:43.836136
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       DEC 18 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       Nos. 22-50161
                                                     22-50162
                Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                D.C. Nos.    2:13-cr-00826-PA-1
 v.                                                          2:21-cr-00545-PA-1

ELVIS EDGARDO MOLINA,                           MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant-Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Central District of California
                    Percy Anderson, District Judge, Presiding

                          Submitted December 5, 2023**
                              Pasadena, California

Before: WARDLAW, LEE, and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges.

      Elvis Molina appeals his above-Sentencing Guidelines sentence imposed

following his guilty plea for illegal weapons possession and upon revocation of his

supervised release for possession and distribution of a controlled substance. We

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
have jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a) and 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      1. The court’s reference to gun violence statistics at sentencing. Federal Rule

of Criminal Procedure 32(i)(1)(C) requires that, at sentencing, the district court

provide defense counsel the opportunity “to comment on the probation officer’s

determination [in the Presentence Report] and other matters related to an

appropriate sentence.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 32(i)(1)(C) (emphasis added). We have

interpreted Rule 32 “to require the disclosure of all relevant factual information to

the defendant for adversarial testing.” United States v. Warr, 530 F.3d 1152, 1162

(9th Cir. 2008) (quoting United States v. Baldrich, 471 F.3d 1110, 1114 (9th Cir.

2006)). Where, as here, a defendant does not object at sentencing to a district court’s

compliance with Rule 32, we review for plain error. See United States v. Kaplan,

839 F.3d 795, 803 (9th Cir. 2016).

      Molina contends that the district court violated Rule 32 by impermissibly

relying upon materials outside of the record in imposing an upward variance of 30

months above the applicable Guidelines range. Molina maintains that he would have

contested the district court’s discussion of gun violence statistics had he been

apprised before sentencing of the court’s intent to introduce them at the hearing.

      Molina’s argument is unavailing. The district court justified its sentencing

decision based on Molina’s extensive criminal history, his repeated violations of

probation and supervised release, and the seriousness of illegal firearm possession.

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The record suggests that the district court introduced the gun violence statistics to

merely support the non-controversial proposition that “illegal possession of firearms

is a serious offense.” That Molina was not afforded an opportunity to contest the

statistics did not substantially affect his rights given the district court’s reliance on a

litany of other factors that would justify an upward variance. The district court’s

failure to provide advance notice therefore did not constitute plain error.1 For the

same reason, Molina’s due process argument fails, too. See Baldrich, 471 F.3d at

1111 (“[C]ompliance with Rule 32’s requirement to disclose factual information

relied on in sentencing satisfies the defendant’s due process rights.”) (citing United

States v. Gonzalez, 765 F.2d 1393, 1398–99 (9th Cir. 1985)).

       2. Substantive Unreasonableness. Molina also contends that the sentence is

substantively unreasonable because the district court failed to properly weigh the 18

U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors. We review the substantive reasonableness of a sentence

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          Molina argues that his case is indistinguishable from Warr. In Warr, we
noted that “it can hardly be disputed” that, when sentencing the defendant, the
district court “relied on” an outside study by the Bureau of Prisons (BOP),
concerning “how age and criminal history category affect an offender’s likelihood
of recidivism,” and that the study “amounted to relevant factual information.” 530
F.3d at 1157, 1162–63. Here, however, the record indicates that, although the
district court perhaps unnecessarily invoked the statistics, it did so to underscore the
gravity of illegal weapons possession generally and did not necessarily or
exclusively rely on the statistics as the basis for imposing an upward variance in
sentencing. Moreover, even in Warr, we held that the district court’s reliance on the
BOP study did not constitute plain error. Id. at 1163 (holding that, “although the
district court should not have cited the study without first notifying the parties, its
failure to do so does not amount to plain error”).

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for abuse of discretion taking into account the totality of the circumstances, see Gall

v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 51 (2007), and we may not reverse simply because we

believe that a different sentence is appropriate, United States v. Carty, 520 F.3d 984,

993 (9th Cir. 2008) (en banc).

      The district court properly weighed the § 3553(a) factors, and the court’s

sentencing decision was not predicated on the gun violence statistics invoked at the

hearing. Considering “the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history

and characteristics of the defendant” under § 3553(a)(1), the court noted that Molina,

a convicted felon, possessed a loaded firearm on a public street, ran away from the

arresting police officers, and threw a bag containing a loaded gun over a parked car.

The court also noted that officers found a bag of methamphetamine in Molina’s

pocket upon his arrest—the same illegal substance which he was convicted of

possessing in July 2014. Moreover, assessing “the need for the sentence imposed”

under § 3553(a)(2), the court stressed the seriousness of illegal firearm possession,

explaining that Molina’s “conduct has not been deterred by the punishment

approaches employed by various courts up until now,” and observing that Molina

had previously been afforded alternative forms of correctional treatment.

      In light of the above, the record belies Molina’s contention that the district

court improperly imposed an upward variance “because of undisclosed statistics

regarding mass shootings, homicides, and ghost guns.” Given its “superior position

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to find facts and judge their import under § 3553(a),” Gall, 552 U.S. at 51 (citation

omitted), the district court did not abuse its broad sentencing discretion in

concluding that an above-Guidelines sentence was appropriate.

      AFFIRMED.

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