Court Opinion

ID: 5127060
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-11-18 15:08:29.293621+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:22:02.539068
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
            APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION

                                SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                APPELLATE DIVISION
                                DOCKET NO. A-1229-20

IN THE MATTER OF THE
VERIFIED PETITION OF THE
RETAIL ENERGY SUPPLY
ASSOCIATION SEEKING
                                       APPROVED FOR PUBLICATION
WITHDRAWAL OF THE BOARD
STAFF'S CEASE AND DESIST                     November 18, 2021

AND REFUND INSTRUCTIONS                    APPELLATE DIVISION
LETTER AND DECLARATION
THAT THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS
CAN PASS THROUGH RPS
COSTS UNDER THE CLEAN
ENERGY ACT, P.L. 2018, C.17.
______________________________

         Submitted November 4, 2021 – Decided November 18, 2021

         Before Judges Alvarez, Haas, and Mitterhoff.

         On appeal from the New Jersey Board of Public
         Utilities, Docket No. EO19020226.

         Bevan, Mosca & Giuditta, PC, attorneys for appellant
         Retail Energy Supply Association (William K. Mosca,
         Jr., Murray E. Bevan, and Jennifer McCave, on the
         briefs).

         Andrew J. Bruck, Acting Attorney General, attorney
         for respondent New Jersey Board of Public Utilities
         (Sookie Bae-Park, Assistant Attorney General, of
         counsel; Daren Eppley and Paul Youchak, Deputy
         Attorneys General, on the brief).
              Stefanie A. Brand, Director, attorney for respondent
              Division of Rate Counsel (Maura Caroselli, Assistant
              Deputy Rate Counsel, on the brief).

              The opinion of the court was delivered by

HAAS, J.A.D.

        Appellant Retail Energy Supply Association 1 appeals the inaction of

respondent Board of Public Utilities (Board) on its verified petition seeking

withdrawal of the agency staff's January 22, 2019 "CEASE AND DESIST

AND REFUND INSTRUCTIONS" letter (2019 Letter) stopping appellant's

members from passing through a price increase to their fixed- or firm-rate

customers when those increases were allegedly due to a statutory cost change

required by operation of law. We remand the matter to the Board for further

proceedings consistent with this opinion.

        By way of background, the Legislature deregulated and restructured the

electricity marketplace in 1999 by enacting the Electric Discount and Energy

Competition Act (EDECA). L. 1999, c. 23 (eff. Feb. 9, 1999). The Act gave

consumers the "retail choice" to purchase electricity generation and

transmission from third-party suppliers (TPSs) or opt to continue receiving

those services from their local electric public utility or basic generation service

provider (BGSP). N.J.S.A. 48:3-51; N.J.S.A. 48:3-53. It also directed the

1
    Appellant is an organization representing third-party energy suppliers.

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Board to adopt "renewable energy portfolio standards" (RPS), which required

TPSs and BGSPs to annually increase their reliance on renewable energy.

N.J.S.A. 48:3-87(d).

     In 2013, the Board adopted N.J.A.C. 14:4-7.12, which states:

           (a) If a TPS signs up a customer or renews a customer
           for a rate that the TPS characterizes as "fixed" or
           "firm," or the TPS uses other language to describe the
           rate as not variable:

                 ....

                 2. The TPS may not charge the customer a rate
                 that is higher than the fixed rate during the
                 period for which it is fixed, except as permitted
                 in N.J.A.C. 14:4-7.6(l), without the customer's
                 affirmative consent.

           [(emphasis added).]

     N.J.A.C. 14:4-7.6(l) states:

           The contract may not include provisions (sometimes
           referred to as "material change notices") that permit
           the TPS to change material terms of the contract
           without the customer's affirmative authorization
           unless the change is required by operation of law.
           "Material terms of a contract" include, but are not
           limited to, terms regarding the price . . . . Changing
           the price to reflect a change in the Sales and Use Tax
           or other State-mandated charge would be permitted as
           a change required by operation of law.

           [(emphasis added).]

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                                     3
        The Clean Energy Act (CEA), enacted on May 23, 2018, increased the

RPS obligations for TPSs and BGSPs based on a percentage of retail load

served. L. 2018, c. 17 (eff. May 23, 2018). Beginning on January 1, 2020,

twenty-one percent of the kilowatt hours sold in New Jersey by every TPS and

BGSP had to come from Class I renewable energy sources, such as solar, with

percentage increases in 2025 (thirty-five percent) and 2030 (fifty percent).

N.J.S.A. 48:3-87(d)(2).2      The CEA also directed the Board to equally

implement these "new solar purchase obligations . . . in a manner so as to

prevent any subsidies between suppliers and providers and to promote

competition in the electricity supply industry."      N.J.S.A. 48:3-87(d)(3)(c).

Specifically, N.J.S.A. 48:3-87(d)(3)(c) states:

              The solar renewable portfolio standards requirements
              in this paragraph shall exempt those existing supply
              contracts which are effective prior to the date of
              enactment of P.L. 2018, c. 17 (C.48:3-87.8 et al.) from
              any increase beyond the number of SRECs [3] mandated
              by the solar renewable energy portfolio standards
              requirements that were in effect on the date that the
              providers executed their existing supply contracts.
              This limited exemption for providers' existing supply
              contracts shall not be construed to lower the Statewide

2
    N.J.A.C. 14:8-2.5(b) lists the Class I renewable energy sources.
3
   SREC or "'Solar renewable energy certificate' . . . means a certificate issued
by the [B]oard . . . representing one megawatt hour (MWh) of solar energy that
is generated by a facility connected to the distribution system in this State and
has value based upon, and driven by, the energy market." N.J.S.A. 48:3-51.

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                                         4
            solar sourcing requirements set forth in this paragraph.
            Such incremental requirements that would have
            otherwise been imposed on exempt providers shall be
            distributed over the providers not subject to the
            existing supply contract exemption until such time as
            existing supply contracts expire and all providers are
            subject to the new requirement in a manner that is
            competitively neutral among all providers and
            suppliers. Notwithstanding any rule or regulation to
            the contrary, the board shall recognize these new solar
            purchase obligations as a change required by operation
            of law and implement the provisions of this subsection
            in a manner so as to prevent any subsidies between
            suppliers and providers and to promote competition in
            the electricity supply industry.

            [(emphasis added).]

      Appellant alleges that many TPSs began charging increased rates to their

fixed- and firm-rate customers to cover the new RPS costs. It claims that the

majority of retail contracts offered by TPSs allowed an automatic pass-through

of price increases due to a "change required by operation of law."

      On January 22, 2019, the Board's Energy Division Director Stacy

Peterson issued the 2019 Letter to each New Jersey licensed TPS, reminding

them that they would be in violation of the Board's regulations, N.J.A.C. 14:4 -

7.12 and N.J.A.C. 14:4-7.6(l), if they imposed a rate change price during the

term of a fixed- or firm-rate contract without the customer's authorization, and

then directing them to issue refunds to all overcharged consumers within five

weeks. On January 25, 2019, appellant wrote to Peterson, asserting that the

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CEA's plain language permitted TPSs to pass through the costs of the added

RPS requirements to their customers even in fixed- and firm-rate contracts

when it instructed the Board in N.J.S.A. 48:3-87(d)(3)(c) to "recognize these

new solar purchase obligations as a change required by operation of law. . . ."

On February 6, 2019, Peterson contacted appellant by phone and stated she

would not rescind the 2019 Letter.

      On February 15, 2019, appellant filed a verified petition with the Board

seeking an expedited formal hearing, an order withdrawing the 2019 Letter,

and a stay until the matter could be resolved.4 Later that month, respondent

Talen Energy Marketing, LLC, sought to join appellant's petition, and

respondent Freepoint Energy Solutions, LLC, moved before the Board to

intervene. In early March 2019, respondent Division of Rate Counsel (Rate

Counsel) filed a letter with the Board naming the Rate Counsel attorneys it had

assigned to represent it in connection with the petition.

      The Board listed appellant's petition on the Board's agenda for its

meeting on March 29, 2019. However, the minutes from that meeting reflect

the Board's decision that "[t]his matter was deferred."

4
   Appellant filed this pleading pursuant to N.J.A.C. 14:1-5.1 to -5.16,
governing the filing and processing of petitions.

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        On May 22, 2019, appellant filed a letter with the Board requesting the

agency address its petition at the next agenda meeting.         The Board never

responded.

        Instead, on October 14, 2020, the Board listed the following action in its

newly docketed matters: In the Matter of the Cease and Desist and Refund

Instructions Letter of January 22, 2019 to Third Party Suppliers , Docket No.

EO20100654. On October 19, 2020, appellant's counsel spoke to the Board's

Chief Counsel, who said the Board's staff was negotiating a settlement with

"some TPSs" to resolve their violations of the 2019 Letter's directives. Rate

Counsel alleges that the Board never asked it to participate in these

negotiations.    In response, appellant's counsel renewed his request for the

Board to act on the petition.

        However, the Board placed the settlement in EO20100654 on its

December 2, 2020, agenda for Executive Session consideration. The agenda

read:

              This matter is a settlement agreement issued by way of
              Secretary's Letter to Third Party Suppliers in response
              to a Cease and Desist Letter sent by Staff on January
              22, 2019 concerning certain rate increases on fixed
              term contracts.      The Secretary's Letter provides
              instructions on how other Third Party Supplies may
              opt-into the settlement and provide refunds to affected
              customers.

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      On December 2, 2020, the Board's Secretary Aida Camacho-Welch

issued a letter (2020 Letter) to all New Jersey licensed TPSs declaring that the

2019 Letter had "set forth Staff's view that changes to the solar carve-out in

the [CEA] . . . were not an acceptable justification for charging more than the

fixed rate." The letter announced that, in an effort to resolve EO20100654,

"Staff has developed a pathway for TPSs to reach resolution and to close out

the matter" and "thereafter be released" from the 2019 Letter. The Secretary's

2020 Letter stated:

            TPSs who charged customers a rate that was higher
            than the fixed rate, without the customer's affirmative
            consent, including because of the charges associated
            with the [CEA] . . . may be released from further
            obligations associated with the [2019] Letter, if they
            certify that they have taken the following actions:

            1.     For any contracts that remain in effect, refrain
            from collecting additional 2018 Solar RPS Costs from
            New Jersey residential customers or small commercial
            customers (defined as those who utilized 11,000 kWh
            or less per year and hereinafter referred to as "SCC");

            2.   Provide a refund to all qualifying residential
            customers and SCC as follows . . . .

      Thereafter, the 2020 Letter detailed the specific steps a TPS was

required to complete to provide an eligible overcharged customer with a timely

and proper refund. The letter also stated that "[e]ntities wishing to discuss

options for substantive compliance" were "encouraged" to contact the Board,

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                                       8
and that "TPSs seeking to opt into this settlement may notify the Secretary of

the Board of their intent to comply."

      On January 8, 2021, appellant filed a notice of appeal from the Board's

inaction on its petition pursuant to Rule 2:2-3(a)(2).       That rule vests the

Appellate Division with jurisdiction over claims of State agency inaction.

Hosp. Ctr. of Orange v. Guhl, 331 N.J. Super. 322, 329 (App. Div. 2000).

"[O]ur courts have held that undue delay in the administrative process may

result in a denial of 'fundamental procedural fairness.'" Id. at 333 (quoting In

re Arndt, 67 N.J. 432, 436 (1975)).

      "Further, when an agency's inaction is unsupported by substantial

credible evidence in the record or accompanied by no reasonable

explanation[,] . . . we, likewise, may conclude an agency's inaction is arbitrary,

capricious, and unreasonable." Caporusso v. N.J. Dep't of Health & Senior

Servs., 434 N.J. Super. 88, 109 (App. Div. 2014) (citing Gilliland v. Bd. of

Review, 298 N.J. Super. 349, 354-55 (App. Div. 1997)). Accordingly, "[i]f a

state administrative agency fails to complete its proceedings in a timely

manner, a party adversely affected by such inaction may apply to this court for

an order to compel the agency to act." In re Mar. 22, 2002 Motion to Dismiss

and Intervene in the Petition of Howell Twp., 371 N.J. Super. 167, 187 (App.

Div. 2004).

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      Applying these principles, we are constrained to conclude that the

Board's unexplained failure to address appellant's petition for over twenty

months was arbitrary, capricious, and unreasonable. The Board does not deny

that it never acted on appellant's petition or the requests of other parties to

intervene in the matter. Instead, it apparently offered a "resolution" of the

issues raised in the petition to unidentified entities in a separate docket item

without providing notice and an opportunity to be heard to the parties to

appellant's petition. Under these circumstances, a remand is required.

      In remanding this matter to the Board, we recognize that ultimately the

issue to be determined regarding the petition is one of statutory interpretation,

normally a question of law we would address de novo had the Board acted on

appellant's petition. See, e.g., Saccone v. Bd. of Trs. of Police & Firemen's

Ret. Sys., 219 N.J. 369, 380 (2014) ("Statutory interpretation involves the

examination of legal issues and is, therefore, a question of law subject to de

novo review."). However, our function as an appellate court is to review the

decision of the Board, not to decide the legal issue tabula rasa. See Zirger v.

Gen. Accident Ins. Co., 144 N.J. 327, 330 (1996) (noting that "Ordinarily, our

interest in preserving judicial resources dictates that we not attempt to resolve

legal issues in the abstract.").

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                                       10
      Therefore, we direct the Board to consider and resolve appellant's

petition within sixty days from the date of remand. If the Board determin es to

transfer the matter to the Office of Administrative Law (OAL) for a contested

case hearing, it shall notify the OAL that the matter is to be heard on an

expedited basis.

      Remanded to the Board for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.

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