Court Opinion

ID: 9901808
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-22 16:04:23.752297+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:21:39.942364
License: Public Domain

2023 IL App (1st) 230574

                                                                                FIFTH DIVISION
                                                                               November 22, 2023

                                          IN THE
                                APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
                                      FIRST DISTRICT

No. 1-23-0574

CLP VENTURE, L.L.C.,                                         )       Appeal from the
                                                             )       Circuit Court of
          Plaintiff-Appellee,                                )       Cook County.
                                                             )
                                                             )
     v.                                                      )       No. 2022 CH 00933
                                                             )
CENTRAL STATES, SOUTHEAST AND                                )
SOUTHWEST AREAS PENSION FUND, and                            )       Honorable
CHARLES A. WHOBREY, as Trustee,                              )       Allen P. Walker,
                                                             )       Judge Presiding.
     Defendants-Appellants.                                  )

          JUSTICE MIKVA delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
          Presiding Justice Mitchell and Justice Navarro concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                             OPINION

¶1        In 2013, Central States, Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Fund and a predecessor

trustee of Charles A. Whobrey (collectively, Central States) obtained two judgments for money

damages against CLP Venture, L.L.C. (CLP). Over seven years after the first of these judgments

was obtained, Central States revived both judgments and then sought to record these revived

judgments as a new lien on CLP’s property at 7701 West 79th Street, Bridgeview, Illinois (the

Bridgeview property).

¶2        CLP brought an action to quiet title. It argued that, by waiting longer than seven years,
No. 1-23-0574

Central States did not comply with the procedure for reviving judgment liens as described in

section 12-101 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/12-101 (West 2018)), and the

lien should therefore be removed. Agreeing, the circuit court granted summary judgment to CLP

and voided Central States’s lien.

¶3     For the reasons that follow, we find that section 12-101 allows a judgment creditor, such

as Central States, to record a revived judgment as a new lien on a debtor’s property after the

expiration of seven years. Accordingly, we reverse and remand.

¶4                                      I. BACKGROUND

¶5     On August 29, 2013, Central States obtained a judgment for $2,616,794.30, pursuant to

civil enforcement provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C.

§ 1132(g)(2) (2018)) in the Northern District of Illinois against CLP and eight codefendants

(collectively, the ERISA defendants). On November 15, 2013, Central States recorded that

judgment with the Cook County Recorder of Deeds as a lien on the Bridgeview property.

¶6     On November 19, 2013, Central States obtained a second judgment against the ERISA

defendants for $79,923.48 for attorney fees and court costs. As to both judgments, the Northern

District found the defendants jointly and severally liable, allowing Central States to collect against

any or all of the defendants.

¶7     On September 23, 2020, which was over seven years after the federal district court issued

the first judgment, it revived both the August 29, 2013, and November 19, 2013, judgments as a

single judgment. Accounting for interest and monies collected, the district court calculated the first

judgment had a remaining balance of $2,350,881.67 and the second had a remaining balance of

$71,401.13.

¶8     On November 27, 2020, Central States recorded the federal court’s September 23, 2020,

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revived judgment with the Cook County Recorder of Deeds as a lien on CLP’s Bridgeview

property.

¶9      CLP filed this case as a “Motion for Quiet Title,” asserting that Central States did not

comply with the provisions for reviving a judgment lien in section 12-101 of the Code (735 ILCS

5/12-101 (West 2018)) and that the lien on the Bridgeview property was therefore invalid. The

circuit court granted CLP’s motion for summary judgment, voiding the judgment lien in its

entirety. This appeal followed.

¶ 10                                    II. JURISDICTION

¶ 11    On February 28, 2023, the circuit court granted summary judgment and resolved all

remaining claims brought by CLP. Central States filed a timely notice of appeal on March 29,

2023. This court has jurisdiction over the appeal pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 301 (eff.

Feb. 1, 1994) and Rule 303 (eff. July 1, 2017), governing appeals from final judgments entered by

the circuit court in civil cases.

¶ 12                                      III. ANALYSIS

¶ 13    The only issue before us is whether section 12-101 of the Code allowed Central States to

revive its judgments and file a new lien on that combined judgment where more than seven years

had elapsed since the judgments were originally entered. See 735 ILCS 5/12-101 (West 2018). We

review questions of statutory interpretation de novo. Cohen v. Chicago Park District, 2017 IL

121800, ¶ 17.

¶ 14    When construing a statute, our goal is to effectuate the intent of the legislature. Manago v.

County of Cook, 2017 IL 121078, ¶ 10. “[T]he plain and unambiguous language enacted provid[es]

the most reliable indicator of that intent.” Id. A court must “view all provisions of a statutory

enactment as a whole, construing words and phrases not in isolation, but in light of other relevant

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No. 1-23-0574

provisions.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Stern v. Wheaton-Warrenville Community Unit

School District 200, 233 Ill. 2d 396, 410 (2009).

¶ 15   Several sections of the Code are relevant to the parties’ dispute. Sections 12-108, 2-1601,

and 2-1602 of the Code all govern the enforcement and revival of judgments. 735 ILCS 5/12-

108(a), 2-1601, 2-1602(a) (West 2018).

¶ 16   Under section 12-108, a judgment becomes dormant after seven years. Id. § 12-108(a).

Section 2-1601 abolishes the common law action to revive judgments and replaces it with the

provisions of section 2-1602. Id. § 2-1601. Section 2-1602(a) allows a judgment to be revived any

time within 20 years of its entry. Id. § 2-1602(a). Under these three provisions, an initial judgment

may be enforced for 7 years, after which it becomes dormant and may not be enforced unless that

judgment is revived, and a judgment may be revived at any point up to 20 years.

¶ 17   The parties’ dispute centers on one part of section 12-101 governing the revival of

judgment liens. See id. § 12-101. There are two paragraphs that are relevant here that are buried

within the lengthy text of section 12-101. What we will refer to as Paragraph One states as follows:

                “A judgment is not a lien on real estate for longer than 7 years from the time it is

       entered or revived, unless the judgment is revived within 7 years after its entry or last

       revival and a new memorandum of judgment is recorded prior to the judgment and its

       recorded memorandum of judgment becoming dormant.” Id.

Immediately following, what we will refer to as Paragraph Two, continues:

                “When a judgment is revived it is a lien on the real estate of the person against

       whom it was entered in any county in this State from the time a transcript, certified copy

       or memorandum of the order of revival is filed in the office of the recorder in the county

       in which the real estate is located.” Id.

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¶ 18   The parties’ dispute focuses specifically on amendments that were made to Paragraph One

in 2002 and 2012. See Pub. Act 92-817 (eff. Aug. 21, 2002) (amending 735 ILCS 5/12-101); Pub.

Act 97-350 (eff. Jan. 1, 2012) (amending 735 ILCS 5/12-101). These amendments, with the

changes italicized, are as follows:

       Section 12-101 Prior                Public Act 92-817                  Public Act 97-350
       to Public Act 92-817            Effective: August 21, 2002         Effective: January 1, 2012
         “A judgment is not a                  “A judgment is not a               “A judgment is not a
 lien on real estate for longer       lien on real estate for longer     lien on real estate for longer
 than 7 years from the time it is     than 7 years from the time it      than 7 years from the time it
 entered or revived.                  is entered or revived, unless      is entered or revived, unless
         When a judgment is           the judgment is revived            the judgment is revived
 revived it is a lien on the real     within 7 years after its entry     within 7 years after its entry
 estate of the person against         or last revival and a              or last revival and a new
 whom it was entered in any           memorandum of judgment is          memorandum of judgment is
 county in this State from the        filed before the expiration of     recorded prior to the
 time a transcript, certified copy    the prior memorandum of            judgment and its recorded
 or memorandum of the order           judgment.                          memorandum of judgment
 of revival is filed in the office             When a judgment is        becoming dormant.
 of the recorder in the county in     revived it is a lien on the real            When a judgment is
 which the real estate is             estate of the person against       revived it is a lien on the real
 located.” 735 ILCS 5/12-101          whom it was entered in any         estate of the person against
 (West 2000).                         county in this State from the      whom it was entered in any
                                      time a transcript, certified       county in this State from the
                                      copy or memorandum of the          time a transcript, certified
                                      order of revival is filed in the   copy or memorandum of the
                                      office of the recorder in the      order of revival is filed in the
                                      county in which the real           office of the recorder in the
                                      estate is located.” Pub. Act       county in which the real
                                      92-817 (eff. Aug. 21, 2002)        estate is located.” Pub. Act
                                      (amending 735 ILCS 5/12-           97-350 (eff. Jan. 1, 2012)
                                      101).                              (amending 735 ILCS 5/12-
                                                                         101).

¶ 19   CLP argues that Paragraph One was amended to require the judgment creditor—here

Central States—to revive a judgment and record the lien within seven years of the original

judgment. According to CLP, the failure to do so forfeits the right to file a new lien on the property

on which the original lien was initially filed. Recognizing that Paragraph Two contemplates that a

revived judgment can give rise to a lien, CLP’s position is that that paragraph applies only if other

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No. 1-23-0574

property can be found to support a lien on the revived judgment.

¶ 20    Central States’s position is that the statute allows the judgment creditor to file a lien based

on a revived judgment at any time during the 20 years that the judgment can be revived. The

amendments only provide a mechanism by which a judgment creditor can maintain the priority of

the original lien. We agree with Central States’s interpretation.

¶ 21    Paragraph One states, “[a] judgment is not a lien on real estate for longer than 7 years from

the time it is entered or revived, unless” the following two requirements are met. (Emphasis added.)

735 ILCS 5/12-101 (West 2018). Paragraph One does not, as CLP suggests, eliminate the

possibility of reviving a judgment and recording it as a new lien. Rather, it provides procedures

for a compliant creditor to maintain the original lien date beyond a seven-year period. The word

“unless” sets out the conditions a creditor must fulfill to extend a lien “for longer than 7 years”

while maintaining its original effective date. Id. If the creditor does not comply with those

conditions, then that effective date is lost.

¶ 22    This is consistent with Paragraph Two. The “from the time of” language in Paragraph Two

applies to situations, such as the one before us now, where a party like Central States obtains a

new judgment lien after the underlying judgment has already become dormant. In such cases, the

new judgment and the new lien are effective on the date that the new lien is recorded.

¶ 23    We find it significant that Paragraph Two has remained unchanged throughout the recent

history of amendments. “A judicial interpretation of a statute is considered part of the statute itself

until the legislature amends it contrary to that interpretation.” People v. Woodard, 175 Ill. 2d 435,

444 (1997). Because Paragraph One was amended and Paragraph Two was not, we may therefore

assume that the legislature was satisfied with the state of the law as it pertained to Paragraph Two

as it existed before.

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No. 1-23-0574

¶ 24   Before these two amendments, creditors have long been able to obtain a new judgment lien

on a particular piece of property based on a post-lapse revived judgment. In Smith v. Stevens, 133

Ill. 183, 190-91 (1890), our supreme court noted that the right to foreclose on a lien to recover a

judgment debt “undoubtedly expires unless enforced within the statutory period, and having once

expired, [it] is incapable of revival, although upon revival of the judgment a new lien may be

acquired.” (Emphasis added.) Likewise, in Motel v. Andracki, 299 Ill. App. 166, 170 (1939), we

said, albeit in dicta, that “[t]he parties *** agree that a judgment may be revived within 20 years

and that when the judgment was revived a new lien arose.” (Emphasis added.) Finally, in First

National Bank in Toledo v. Adkins, 272 Ill. App. 3d 111, 116 (1995), we stated that “[a]lthough a

judgment creditor’s lien may lose its priority if not renewed at the time it expires, that risk is for

the creditor to take.” (Emphasis added.)

¶ 25   CLP argues that these cases are irrelevant because they predate the changes to Paragraph

One that CLP relies on. But these cases demonstrate that the right of a creditor to file a new lien

based on a revived judgment (which is what Paragraph Two speaks to) was well established before

the amendments. As noted above, the fact that Paragraph Two was not amended suggests that the

legislature had no intention of changing this practice.

¶ 26   The “unless” language, added to Paragraph One in 2002, created a procedural path by

which a creditor holding a lien could avoid having to file a new lien and thereby lose priority, even

when seven years had passed since the judgment. Pub. Act 92-817 (eff. Aug. 21, 2002) (amending

735 ILCS 5/12-101). The dormancy language, added in 2012, then clarified that to avail itself of

this path, a creditor must act before the judgment and the memorandum of judgment become

dormant. Pub. Act 97-350 (eff. Jan. 1, 2012) (amending 735 ILCS 5/12-101).

¶ 27   While it is unnecessary to consult legislative history where, as in this case, the statute is

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No. 1-23-0574

not ambiguous (Kunkel v. Walton, 179 Ill. 2d 519, 533-34 (1997)), the following excerpt from the

debate on the floor of the House of Representatives concerning the 2002 amendment is consistent

with our understanding that the statutory changes were intended to allow a creditor to maintain a

lien’s priority, not to take away the creditor’s right to create a new lien on a revived judgment.

                 “LANG [(THE HOUSE SPONSOR)]: *** Senate Bill 39 is a very technical Bill

       regarding revival of judgment procedures. The law in the State of Illinois has allowed for

       revival of judgment to be able to collect on a judgement past seven years [sic], but there’ve

       really never been any procedures in place. This Bill will set up those procedures. As far as

       I know, there is no opposition to the Bill.

                                                 ***

                 CROSS: Representative, is this an initiative of the Bar Association’s?

                 LANG: This is not an initiative of the Bar Association directly, but is an initiative

       of some of the lawyers that I’ve talked to, particularly, in Cook County, who are people

       who try to collect bad debts for businesses all around the State of Illinois.” 92d Ill. Gen.

       Assem., House Proceedings, May 9, 2001, at 16 (statements of Representatives Lang and

       Cross).

¶ 28   The house sponsor’s explanation of the amendment suggests that his intention in advancing

this statutory change was to promote the interests of creditors—persons trying “to collect bad debts

for businesses”—by providing the new procedures that are outlined above in Paragraph One

allowing a creditor to maintain a lien’s priority. Id. (statements of Representative Lang). The

creditor needs only to comply with the two requirements listed in Paragraph One. See 735 ILCS

5/12-101 (West 2018).

¶ 29   While the question in this case has not, to our knowledge, been decided by this court or by

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our supreme court, dicta, in at least one recent case, aligns with our interpretation. In Schindler v.

Watson, 2017 IL App (2d) 160126, ¶¶ 4-6, a creditor attempted to foreclose on his judgment lien

after the underlying judgment had already lapsed into dormancy and the debtor sold the property.

After holding that the lien had expired and was invalid, we stated, “Upon [reviving the dormant

judgment], [the] plaintiff could then attempt to create a new judgment lien on any real estate owned

by [defendant].” (Emphases added.) Id. ¶ 16. This of course aligns with our interpretation of the

statute as allowing a creditor to revive a judgment and file a new lien.

¶ 30   We also find our interpretation consistent with secondary authorities. Though “[w]e are not

bound by what practitioners think or what secondary legal authorities say,” we frequently find

such authorities helpful. Selby v. O’Dea, 2017 IL App (1st) 151572, ¶ 59. One such authority

summarizes the law as follows:

       “If [a] memorandum of [a] revived judgment is filed after the expiration of the seven year

       period, the judgment will be a lien against real estate for the balance of the seven year

       period following the expiration of the prior seven year period, but the priority of the

       judgment lien will be lost and the lien will be subject to any lien existing or created during

       the period between the expiration of the prior seven year term and the recording of the

       memorandum of judgment.” 15 Solomon Gutstein & Joshua Gutstein, Illinois Practice,

       Real Estate § 12:226 (4th ed. 2022).

¶ 31   CLP argues three cases support its interpretation: Wells Fargo Bank, NA v. Heritage Bank

of Central Illinois, 2013 IL App (3d) 110706, Barth v. Kantowski, 409 Ill. App. 3d 420 (2011),

and Blewitt v. Urban, 2020 IL App (3d) 180722. We do not find that any of these cases support

CLP’s position.

¶ 32   In Wells Fargo, 2013 IL App (3d) 110706, ¶ 17 n.1, we specifically disclaimed the

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possibility that the opinion addressed this issue. “[W]hile deciding [Wells Fargo], a question arose

as to whether a lapsed judgment lien, unlike a lapsed judgment, could ever be revived in light of

the language in section 12-101(d) ***.” (Emphasis omitted.) Id. But, as we made clear, that

question was “beyond the scope” of our opinion. Id.

¶ 33   Barth, 409 Ill. App. 3d 420, and Blewitt, 2020 IL App (3d) 180722, are also distinguishable.

The former concerned creditors who filed an action to force sale on a debtor’s property subject to

a judgment lien one day before the lien expired. Barth, 409 Ill. App. 3d at 421-22. We held the

creditors’ suit did not toll the requirements of section 12-101 and the lien therefore lapsed the next

day. Id. at 425. Blewitt involved a memorandum of judgment that incorrectly identified the wrong

amount. Blewitt, 2020 IL App (3d) 180722, ¶ 45. We held the creditor failed to strictly comply

with the statute. Id. Neither case addressed whether a revived judgment could support a new lien.

¶ 34   In sum, it is clear to us that section 12-101 allows a judgment creditor to revive a judgment

and to file a new lien, provided that this action is taken within the 20 years during which the

judgment can be revived. The changes to the statute that CLP relies on did not take away that right

but instead provided a mechanism by which a creditor acting before the original lien becomes

dormant can maintain its original effective date and priority.

¶ 35   Having interpreted the relevant statute, application is straightforward. Central States

revived its judgments and recorded the combined judgment with the county clerk on November

27, 2020. This was well within the 20 years during which the original judgments could be revived.

By these actions, Central States obtained a new judgment lien. That lien is valid and enforceable.

It should not have been stricken by the circuit court.

¶ 36                                    IV. CONCLUSION

¶ 37   For the forgoing reasons, we reverse the circuit court’s grant of summary judgment in favor

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No. 1-23-0574

of the plaintiffs and remand for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

¶ 38   Reversed and remanded.

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No. 1-23-0574

    CLP Venture, L.L.C. v. Central States, Southeast & Southwest Areas Pension Fund,
                               2023 IL App (1st) 230574

Decision Under Review:      Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 2022-CH-
                            00933; the Hon. Allen P. Walker, Judge, presiding.

Attorneys                   Brandon A. Buyers, of Chicago, for appellants.
for
Appellant:

Attorneys                   David E. Cohen, of SWK Attorneys at Law, of Northbrook, for
for                         appellee.
Appellee:

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