Court Opinion

ID: 4013536
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-06 22:12:02.698864+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:36:56.777237
License: Public Domain

J-A12031-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: C.D., A MINOR                IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                       PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: K.S., MOTHER                          No. 2932 EDA 2015

              Appeal from the Order Entered August 31, 2015,
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County
           Orphans’ Court at No(s): 48 O.C.A. 2014 - 53 DP 2013

             Appeal from the Order Entered August 18, 2015,
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County
           Juvenile Court at No(s): 48 O.C.A. 2014 - 53 DP 2013

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., PANELLA, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.:                          FILED JULY 06, 2016

      Appellant, K.S. (“Mother”) appeals from the orders entered on August

31, 2015 and August 18, 2015 by the Honorable Jonathan Mark of the

Monroe County Court of Common Pleas, that respectively, involuntarily

terminated Mother’s parental rights to her daughter, C.D. (“Child”) (born

October of 2010) under Section 2511 of the Adoption Act (23 Pa.C.S. §

2511) and changed the permanency goal for Child to adoption under Section

6351 of the Juvenile Act (42 Pa.C.S. § 6351).1 We affirm.

      On June 26, 2013, Monroe County Children and Youth Services

(“CYS”) received a referral indicating that Child had been seriously injured.

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
  On August 31, 2015, the trial court also terminated the parental rights of
C.D. (“Father”) to Child. Father is not party in this appeal, nor did he file his
own separate appeal.
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Mother’s boyfriend, G.M., brought two and a half year old Child to the local

hospital.   G.M. reported that Child had fallen asleep in the car, woke up,

may have had a seizure, started vomiting, and become unresponsive. At the

time Child sustained these injuries, Mother was at a friend’s house.

      Due to the severity of Child’s injuries, Child was transported to Lehigh

Valley Hospital, a trauma center with a pediatric intensive care unit. Doctors

discovered Child had cerebral bleeding, which was more accurately described

as an extensive right-sided subdural hemorrhage. Child also presented with

a hematoma to the left side of the head, redness on her left thigh, and

tenderness on the left side of her neck. Based on the inconsistency between

the injuries and the account of her caretakers, Child’s age, and other factors,

the treating physicians concluded Child’s injuries could not have been caused

by a seizure but were the result of non-accidental trauma.2

      While Child was recovering in the hospital, Mother tested positive for

cocaine and marijuana on June 27, 2013.       After an emergency protective

custody order was granted the following day, Mother stopped visiting Child

in the hospital. On July 2, 2013, Child was discharged from the hospital and

placed into foster care. Mother and G.M. were “indicated as perpetrators or

perpetrators by omission because Child suffered non-accidental traumatic

2
 In addition, the doctors also discovered in a CT scan that Child had older
hemorrhaging in the brain. Mother explained she brought Child to Lehigh
Valley to assess that injury, which purportedly occurred after a gate fell on
Child and Child fell off a bed while Child was in G.M.’s care.

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injury in and around the brain while she was in legal and physical custody of

Mother, and in the care of one or both, and the history they gave was

medically inconsistent with [Child]’s injuries.” Trial Court Opinion (T.C.O.),

11/10/15, at 4. Mother and G.M. did not appeal the finding of abuse.

      On July 9, 2013, following a hearing, the trial court adjudicated Child

dependent. After one supervised visit with Child, Mother told Child that her

CYS caseworker was the devil. From that point on, Mother refused to visit or

communicate with Child while she was in foster care in Monroe County as

she asserted that supervised visits at the agency were not good for Child.

Instead, Mother moved to Maryland, then Connecticut, and then to two

different locations in New York. Even after Mother settled in Queens, New

York, she declined to share her phone number or address with CYS.

      Although Child’s mother avoided contact with Child during this time,

Maternal Grandmother visited C.D. while she was in foster care.       In April

2014, Maternal Grandparents were approved as kinship foster resources,

and Child moved to New York to live with them.       Mother failed to attend

three permanency review hearings held in April, July, and October 2014.

      On October 27, 2014, CYS filed an initial petition to terminate Mother’s

parental rights.   When Mother indicated she would comply with CYS’s

reunification requirements, CYS withdrew the petition “to allow [Mother]

additional time to comply with the goals of the Child permanency plan.” CYS

Motion, 11/6/14. Nevertheless, CYS filed the instant termination petition on

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February 5, 2015, as Mother had missed four hearings in a row, did not

communicate with CYS, and failed to complete her service plan goals.       At

that point, Child had been out of Mother’s care for nineteen months. A CYS

caseworker contacted Father, who admitted he was not in a position to care

for Child. Father indicated Mother was still seeing G.M. and had given birth

to another child. Mother would not confirm or deny this allegation.

     Several termination hearings were held between April and August

2015 at which the following individuals testified: Kristine Weber, a CYS

caseworker; Sarah Stiff, a CYS intake supervisor; Dr. Joseph Stirparo, a

doctor at Lehigh Valley Physicians Group; Maternal Grandmother; and

Mother.   On August 18, 2015, the trial court changed Child’s permanency

goal to adoption.   On August 31, 2015, the trial court entered an order

terminating Mother’s parental rights. On September 17, 2015, Mother filed

a notice of appeal, challenging both orders. On September 24, 2015, Mother

filed a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b).3

     Mother raises the following issues:

     1. Did the [trial court] err in deciding that there was clear and
        convincing evidence terminating Mother’s parental rights,
        pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5) and (8)?

3
  In a children’s fast track appeal, the appellant must file the Rule 1925(b)
statement contemporaneously with their notice of appeal.             Pa.R.A.P.
1925(a)(2)(i).     This requirement, however, is procedural, rather than
jurisdictional; a failure to comply is handled on a case-by-case basis. In re
K.T.E.L., 938 A.2d 745 (Pa. Super. 2009). We will not find Mother waived
her issues due to the delayed filing of her Rule 1925(b) statement.
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      2. Did the [trial court] err in deciding that there was clear and
         convincing evidence presented at the trial that termination of
         Mother’s parental rights would serve the emotional needs and
         welfare of [C]hild?

      3. Did the [trial court] err when it decided that the goal in this
         case should be changed from reunification to adoption?

      4. Did the [trial court] err when it permitted a hearsay
         statement of [F]ather of [C]hild to be admitted at trial when
         [F]ather was not present?

Mother’s Brief at 11.

      Our standard of review in termination cases is as follows:

      When reviewing an appeal from a decree terminating parental
      rights, we are limited to determining whether the decision of the
      trial court is supported by competent evidence. Absent an
      abuse of discretion, an error of law, or insufficient evidentiary
      support for the trial court’s decision, the decree must stand.
      Where a trial court has granted a petition to involuntarily
      terminate parental rights, this Court must accord the hearing
      judge’s decision the same deference that we would give to a
      jury verdict. We must employ a broad, comprehensive review
      of the record in order to determine whether the trial court’s
      decision is supported by competent evidence.

In re S.H., 879 A.2d 802, 805 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citation omitted).        In

termination cases, the burden is upon the petitioner to prove by clear and

convincing evidence that the asserted grounds for the termination of

parental rights are valid. Id. at 806. We have previously stated:

      The standard of clear and convincing evidence is defined as
      testimony that is so clear, direct, weighty and convincing as to
      enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without
      hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.

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In re J.L.C. & J.R.C., 837 A.2d 1247, 1251 (Pa. Super. 2003) (quotation

marks omitted).

      Moreover, “[t]he trial court is free to believe all, part, or none of the

evidence presented and is likewise free to make all credibility determinations

and resolve conflicts in the evidence.” In re M.G. & J.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-

74 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation omitted). “[I]f competent evidence supports

the trial court’s findings, we will affirm even if the record could also support

the opposite result.”   In re Adoption of T.B.B., 835 A.2d 387, 394 (Pa.

Super. 2003) (citation omitted).

      Termination of parental rights is governed by Section 2511 of the

Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 2101-2938, which requires a bifurcated

analysis.

      Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party
      seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing
      evidence that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory
      grounds for termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if
      the court determines that the parent’s conduct warrants
      termination of his or her parental rights does the court engage in
      the second part of the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b):
      determination of the needs and welfare of the child under the
      standard of best interests of the child. One major aspect of the
      needs and welfare analysis concerns the nature and status of the
      emotional bond between parent and child, with close attention
      paid to the effect on the child of permanently severing any such
      bond.

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).

      To affirm the termination of parental rights, this Court need only agree

with the trial court’s decision as to one subsection of Section 2511(a), in

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addition to analyzing Section 2511(b).     See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380,

384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc). Herein, we review the orders pursuant to

Sections 2511(a)(1) and (b), which provide as follows:

         (a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to
         a child may be terminated after a petition filed on any
         of the following grounds:

            (1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of
            at least six months immediately preceding the filing
            of the petition either has evidenced a settled purpose
            of relinquishing parental claim to a child or has
            refused or failed to perform parental duties.

                              *      *     *

         (b) Other considerations.—The court in terminating
         the rights of a parent shall give primary consideration to
         the developmental, physical and emotional needs and
         welfare of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be
         terminated solely on the basis of environmental factors
         such as inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing
         and medical care if found to be beyond the control of the
         parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant to
         subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider
         any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions
         described therein which are first initiated subsequent to
         the giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1) and (b).

      To meet the requirements of Section 2511(a)(1), “the moving party

must produce clear and convincing evidence of conduct, sustained for at

least the six months prior to the filing of the termination petition, which

reveals a settled intent to relinquish parental claim to a child or a refusal or

failure to perform parental duties.” In re Z.S.W., 946 A.2d 726, 730 (Pa.

Super. 2008) (citing In re Adoption of R.J.S., 901 A.2d 502, 510 (Pa.

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Super. 2006)).   The court must then consider the parent’s explanation for

his or her conduct and the post-abandonment contact between parent and

child before moving on to analyze Section 2511(b). Id.

      This Court has explained that a parent does not perform his or her

parental duties by displaying a “merely passive interest in the development

of the child.” In re B.,N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 855 (Pa. Super. 2004), appeal

denied, 872 A.2d 1200 (Pa. 2005) (quoting In re C.M.S., 832 A.2d 457, 462

(Pa. Super. 2003), appeal denied, 859 A.2d 767 (Pa. 2004)).           Rather,

“[p]arental duty requires that the parent act affirmatively with good faith

interest and effort, and not yield to every problem, in order to maintain the

parent-child relationship to the best of his or her ability, even in difficult

circumstances.” In re B.,N.M., 856 A.2d at 855 (citation omitted).

      Mother argues that the trial court erred in deciding that there was

clear and convincing evidence to terminate Mother’s parental rights to Child.

Mother’s brief at 11. Mother contends that CYS created a situation where

Mother could not follow the requirements that were “being demanded of her

by [CYS].” Id. at 32.

      The trial court found that, for more than two years, Mother failed to

perform parental duties and Mother has not remedied the conditions that led

to Child’s placement. T.C.O., 11/10/15, at 29.

      [Child] became dependent because she was seriously injured
      while in the care of Mother and [G.M.] and their explanation of
      how [Child] was hurt was medically inconsistent with her
      injuries. In addition, their timeline was off. Neither Mother nor

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      [G.M.] appealed the indicated abuse finding and Mother has
      never given a medically plausible account of how [Child] was
      injured.

      As of the filing of the termination petition, [Child] has been
      dependent and in care for nineteen months. By the end of
      termination hearing, this period had increased to more than two
      years. As noted, there was still no true explanation as to how
      [Child] was injured. During the early part of this case, Mother
      did not visit [Child]. Instead, Mother moved or attempted to
      move to another state while [Child] was in foster care. When
      Mother finally settled in New York, she began visits that were
      supervised by [M]aternal [G]randmother.             However, as
      discussed above, she has not completed her other service plan
      goals. Similarly, Mother’s failure to cooperate, her secretive
      nature, her incredible statements and testimony, her checkbox
      method of attempting to show compliance have left open many
      questions as to Mother’s current ability to keep [Child] safe or to
      properly parent her, the security and stability of Mother’s home,
      and the nature of Mother’s relationship with people who may
      come into contact with [Child]. There is also indication that
      Mother is still with [G.M.], the person in whose care she says
      [Child] was when seriously injured, and there is also some
      indication that Mother has added to her family by having a child
      about which [CYS] and [the trial c]ourt know nothing. Finally,
      for more than two years foster parents and now [M]aternal
      [Grandparents], not Mother, have provided care, comfort, and
      love for [Child].

Id. at 28.

      Ms. Weber testified that Mother’s goals were (1) to remain in touch

with CYS; (2) to inform CYS of any address changes; (3) to maintain a

stable address; (4) to complete a parenting plan; and (5) to provide urine

screen tests to CYS.    N.T., 8/17/15, at 71.    Mother did not attend four

consecutive permanency hearings in April 2014, July 2014, October 2014,

and January 2015. Mother then testified that she failed to appear to at the

hearings because she was “probably working,” claiming to be the CEO of an

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airport parking business at JFK Airport. Id. at 105-106.      Mother testified

that her airport parking facility is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, but

“pretty much runs itself with [her employees].”       Id. at 106.    She also

claimed to have several other businesses, but later could not recall what

they were. Id. at 117-19.

      Mother admitted that she did not have a stable address, but moved at

least four times to four different states during the time Child was in foster

care. Id. at 92-94, 122. Ms. Weber testified Mother claimed to have lived

in Bushkill, Pennsylvania, then to Virginia, then to Connecticut and finally to

New York. Id. at 74. Ms. Weber shared that Mother’s whereabouts were

unknown until Maternal Grandmother informed Ms. Weber that Mother lived

in Queens, New York, and also gave Ms. Weber a South Ozone Park, New

York address.   Id. at 74-75. Moreover, Ms. Weber testified that Child had

been residing with Maternal Grandparents in Staten Island, New York for

over a year. Id. at 54.

      When questioned about her initial positive drug test for cocaine,

Mother questioned the accuracy of the result as she did not get the

opportunity to have independent testing done on it. Id. at 105. She opined

that the lab must have gotten a positive test from another individual and put

her name on it. Id. Mother did regularly submit for drug testing as required

by CYS.   When asked about her delay in taking a parenting class, Mother

claimed that she had done so earlier with a company that was a scam before

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attending a court-accepted parenting class. Id. at 108.          Mother presented

evidence of her completion of the parenting class.

         Although one of Mother’s service goals was to remain in touch with

CYS, Ms. Weber testified about her repeated failed attempts to contact

Mother.     Mother would not return her calls, and ignored Ms. Weber’s

requests for information to complete the Interstate Compact on the

Placement of Children (“ICPC”) application.     Id. at 30, 34, 42-45. If Ms.

Weber was able to reach Mother on the phone, Mother would hang up. Id.

at 47-48.      Mother would call from time to time and leave “sporadic

voicemails” with no helpful information.      Id. at 53.   Mother claimed she

never hung up on Ms. Weber, but blamed the “horrible” cell phone service in

Queens.      Nevertheless, Mother bragged about having two phones for her

business where she could be reached 24 hours a day. Id.

     The trial court did take into account that Mother began to give Child

gifts and have sporadic visits with Child while she was in Grandmother’s

care, but noted some of the “progress” Mother made occurred after the filing

of the termination petition; thus, it was not considered. T.C.O., 11/10/15,

at 29.    Nevertheless, the trial court found that “despite many services being

offered, Mother has neither remedied the conditions which caused [Child] to

come into care nor satisfied service plan goals.”          Id.     We agree and

emphasize that “a child’s life simply cannot be put on hold in the hope that

[a parent] will summon the ability to handle the responsibilities of

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parenting.”      In re Z.S.W., 946 A.2d at 726.        Rather, “a parent’s basic

constitutional right to the custody and rearing of his child is converted, upon

the failure to fulfill his or her parental duties, to the child’s right to have

proper parenting and fulfillment of his or her potential in a permanent,

healthy, safe environment.” In re B., N.M., 856 A.2d at 856.

      Mother’s argument regarding Section 2511(a)(1) essentially seeks for

this Court to make credibility and weight determinations different from those

of the trial court.   We defer to a trial court’s determination of credibility,

absent an abuse of discretion.            In re M.G., 855 A.2d at 73-74.

Consequently, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s finding of

grounds    for    termination   of   Mother’s   parental   rights   under   Section

2511(a)(1).

      The trial court must also consider how terminating Mother’s parental

rights would affect the needs and welfare of Child pursuant to Section

2511(b).      Such an inquiry is specifically directed to a consideration of

whether termination of parental rights would best serve the developmental,

physical and emotional needs of the child.         See In re C.M.S., 884 A.2d
1284, 1286-87 (Pa. Super. 2005), appeal denied, 587 Pa. 705, 897 A.2d
1183 (2006). “Intangibles such as love, comfort, security, and stability are

involved in the inquiry into the needs and welfare of the child.” Id. at 1287

(citation omitted). We have emphasized that the court must also discern the

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nature and status of the parent-child bond, with utmost attention to the

effect on the child of permanently severing that bond. See id.

      [I]n addition to a bond examination, the trial court can equally
      emphasize the safety needs of the child, and should also
      consider the intangibles, such as the love, comfort, security, and
      stability the child might have with the foster parent.
      Additionally, this Court stated that the trial court should consider
      the importance of continuity of relationships and whether any
      existing parent-child bond can be severed without detrimental
      effects on the child.

In re Adoption of C.D.R., 111 A.3d 1212, 1219 (Pa. Super. 2015)

(citations omitted).

      The trial court found:

      Because a bond exists between Mother and [Child], this aspect
      of the termination analysis was a close call at the time the
      petition was filed. However, by the end of the hearing, and after
      full consideration of all facts, circumstances, and the best
      interest of [Child], we were firmly convinced that severing the
      bond with Mother and preserving the bond with [M]aternal
      [G]randparents was in [Child]’s best interest.       We remain
      convinced.

      [C]hild needs and deserves permanency, stability, love, support,
      and parental care. From the time [Child] was injured, Mother
      has neither provided the requite level of care nor demonstrated
      the ability to meet [Child]’s needs in the future.

T.C.O., 11/10/15, at 29-30 (citations omitted).

      Mother argues that she and Child have “an enduring bond that has

been maintained throughout this period of dependency.” Mother’s Brief at

39. During the hearing, Mother testified that she loves Child and would do

anything for her.      N.T., 8/17/15, at 115.   Maternal Grandmother testified

that Child loves Mother, and they get along well.        Id. at 77.    Maternal

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Grandmother testified that Mother buys Child clothes and gifts. Id. at 78.

Maternal Grandmother stated that the interaction between Mother and Child

is very loving, and that Child runs to Mother.         Id. at 81.     Maternal

Grandmother opined that, after Child visits with her Mother, “she gets upset

and cries” because “she doesn’t want to leave” Mother. Id. at 82.

      The trial court found “Mother’s visits and expressions of love have not

been enough to prompt her to complete her service goals or allow

authorities in either Pennsylvania or New York to confirm her living situation,

her ability to parent, and her capacity to protect.” T.C.O., 11/10/15, at 30.

The trial court described the bond been Mother and Child as “attenuated.”

Id.   The trial court stated that “the attenuation is objectively and clearly

demonstrated by Mother’s initial refusal to visit; her moves or attempts to

move to other jurisdictions and, in the later stages of the case, her abject

refusal to cooperate with either [CYS] or the ICPC process to get [Child]

back.” Id. Additionally, the guardian ad litem testified to the following:

            For Mother, I was a little bit more hesitant because of the
      bond [Mother] has with [Child], and it’s very evident just from
      the conversation I had with [Mother, Maternal Grandmother],
      and from [Mother]’s testimony today, that there is a bond there.

                             *     *     *

           It’s clear to me that [Mother] is unwilling to cooperate with
      [CYS]. It’s clear that she has not taken any responsibility for
      any of her actions.      It’s always somebody else’s fault or
      something’s not quite right or this lab is shady or whatever.

            It’s also clear that she will do something that the [t]rial
      [c]ourt is requesting, like the urine screen tests, but not in the

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      manner that they are requested. So with that, I don’t have a
      clear indication of my position. I think [CYS] has met their
      burden today, but it’s not something that I came to easily.

N.T., 8/17/15, at 130-131.

      Furthermore, the trial court found removing Child from Maternal

Grandparent’s care would be “extremely detrimental” to Child.         T.C.O.,

11/10/15, at 31. The trial court found Maternal Grandparents have parented

Child “and provided the love, comfort, security, physical, mental, and

emotional stability that [Child] deserves.” Id. at 31.    Ms. Weber testified

that Child is doing well with Maternal Grandparents. N.T., 8/17/15, at 68.

      Even though Mother and Maternal Grandmother testified that there is

an existence of a bond between Mother and Child, Mother was “unable to

satisfy the irreducible minimum requirements of parenthood.”       See In re

T.D., 949 A.2d 910, 920-23 (Pa. Super. 2008), appeal denied, 601 Pa. 684,

970 A.2d 1148 (2009) (affirming the termination of parental rights where

“obvious emotional ties exist between T.D. and Parents, but Parents are

either unwilling or unable to satisfy the irreducible minimum requirements of

parenthood,” and where preserving Parents’ rights would prevent T.D. from

being adopted and attaining permanency). Accordingly, we will not disturb

the trial court’s determinations.

      In her third claim, Mother claims that the trial court erred in changing

Child’s goal from reunification to adoption. Lastly, Mother argues that the

trial court erred when it permitted a hearsay statement of Child’s father to

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be admitted at trial when Father was not present.      Mother’s Brief, at 44.

Mother did not present either claim for review in her 1925(a) concise

statement of errors complained of on appeal. Therefore, we find both claims

to be waived. See Krebs v. United Refining Company of Pennsylvania,

893 A.2d 776, 797 (Pa. Super. 2006) (holding that an appellant waives

issues that are not raised in both his or her concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal and the statement of questions involved in his or

her brief on appeal).

      After careful review, we affirm the trial court’s decisions to terminate

Mother’s parental rights on the basis of Section 2511(a)(1) and (b) of the

Adoption Act, and change Child’s permanency goal to adoption under Section

6351 of the Juvenile Act.

      Orders affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/6/2016

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