Court Opinion

ID: 4565999
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-09-16 16:10:01.720809+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:20:57.512873
License: Public Domain

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    DARNELL LAMOUNT FLEMINGS                   :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 1321 WDA 2019

         Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 19, 2019
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County Criminal Division at No(s):
                           CP-25-CR-0002146-2018

BEFORE:      MURRAY, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.:                      FILED SEPTEMBER 16, 2020

        Darnell Lamount Flemings appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered following entry of his guilty plea to conspiracy to commit possession

of a controlled substance with intent to deliver (“PWID”) marijuana and

receiving stolen property.1 Flemings claims the court imposed an illegal

sentence because the costs imposed at sentencing included a lab fee for

controlled substance related charges that were nolle prossed, not only for

marijuana, which is the controlled substance underlying his conviction. We

agree, reverse the judgment of sentence as it relates to costs, and remand

with instructions.

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903, 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30), and 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3925,
respectively.
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       The Commonwealth charged Flemings with criminal conspiracy to

commit PWID of cocaine, criminal conspiracy to commit PWID of marijuana,

PWID of cocaine, PWID of marijuana, possession of cocaine, possession of

marijuana, possession of hydrocodone, possession of alprazolam, possession

of high potency pharmaceutical cannabis vape pens, possession of drug

paraphernalia, and receiving stolen property. The charges stemmed from the

execution of a search warrant on a house Flemings shared with co-defendant

Cordele Miles, III.

       Flemings pled guilty to criminal conspiracy to commit PWID of marijuana

and receiving stolen property. The remaining charges were nolle prossed. The

trial court sentenced Flemings to 7 to 23 months’ imprisonment for the

receiving stolen property conviction and a consecutive term of two years’

probation for the conspiracy to commit PWID conviction. The court further

ordered Flemings to pay a lab fee of $869, joint and several with Miles. The

fee included the costs for testing for all substances, not only the cost for

testing for marijuana. N.T., 6/19/19, at 17 (stating that the lab fee was for

marijuana, cocaine, and the other controlled substances). 2
____________________________________________

2 Flemings filed a motion with the trial court to correct the certified record so
that it included the sealed PSI, noting that the sealed PSI had a two page lab
report with it and that the lab report was needed for the Superior Court’s
review. The trial court granted the motion and ordered the certified record be
“supplemented with the sealed PSI Report” and for the clerk of court to
transmit the motion and sealed PSI to the superior court. The supplemental
record included a one page, unsealed PSI, which notes that the drug analysis
is attached, but did not include the actual drug analysis. Because Flemings

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       Flemings filed a post-sentence motion, asking the court to reconsider

the imposition of the lab fee costs because the amount included the cost

associated with testing items that Flemings was not convicted of possessing.

Flemings asked the trial court to find that he was not required to pay the fee

or to direct the Commonwealth to obtain an itemization of the fee so the court

could order Flemings to pay only the cost associated with the testing for

marijuana. The trial court denied the motion. Flemings filed a timely notice of

appeal.

       Flemings raises the following issue on appeal:

          Did the trial court err or commit an abuse of discretion when
          it ordered [Flemings], who had been solely convicted of
          conspiracy to distribute marijuana, to pay the lab fees
          associated with the testing of other drugs, as this sentence
          violates 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 1725.3 and the United States
          Supreme Court’s holding in Nelson v. Colorado, 137 S.Ct.
          1249 (2017)?

Flemings’ Br. at 8.

       A challenge to the trial court's authority to impose costs implicates the

legality of sentence. Commonwealth v. Lehman, 201 A.3d 1279, 1283

(Pa.Super. 2019). Our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review

is plenary. Id. The Commonwealth bears the burden of proving that the

expenses were necessary and in connection with the prosecution of the

offense or offenses of which the defendant was found guilty. Commonwealth
____________________________________________

attempted to supplement the record with the documentation, and because the
parties agree that the lab fees included costs for all controlled substances, not
just marijuana, we will address the issue.

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v. Garzone, 993 A.2d 1245, 1259 (Pa.Super. 2010), aff'd 34 A.3d 67 (Pa.

2012).

       The statute governing the imposition of lab fees provides that a person

who pleads guilty to a violation of the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and

Cosmetic Act shall pay costs in cases where laboratory services were required

to prosecute the crime:

          (a) Imposition.--A person . . . who pleads guilty to or nolo
          contendere to or who is convicted of . . . a violation of The
          Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act shall,
          in addition to any fines, penalties or costs, in every case
          where laboratory services were required to prosecute the
          crime or violation, be sentenced to pay a criminal laboratory
          or paramedic user fee which shall include, but not be limited
          to, the cost of sending a laboratory technician or paramedic
          to court proceedings.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 1725.3(a). The statute further governs the amount of the user

fee:

          (b) Amount of user fee.--

          (2) If a Pennsylvania State Police laboratory has provided
          services in the prosecution, the director or similar officer of
          the Pennsylvania State Police laboratory shall determine the
          actual cost of the laboratory services provided in the
          prosecution and transmit a statement for services rendered
          to the court.

Id. at 1725.3(b)(2).

       Flemings argues that the plain language of this statute required that an

individual convicted of a violation of the drug act pay the lab fee required for

that prosecution, and that the police lab submit a report of the actual cost

associated with that prosecution. He notes that in Nelson v. Colorado, the

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United States Supreme Court held that, absent a conviction, a court could not

require defendants to pay costs, fees, or restitution. Fleming’s Br. at 17.

      The Commonwealth maintains that the statute requires costs to be

assessed where the costs are associated with the prosecution of a violation of

the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, and that the statute

does not provide for a pro rata distribution of fees for co-defendants and does

not provide limits for the costs of prosecution to only those counts for which

a plea is entered. It claims that the fact that a case ends in a guilty plea, with

some charges withdrawn “does not negate the requirement of laboratory

services that were necessary to prepare the prosecution of the violation.”

Commonwealth’s Br. at 3. It distinguished Nelson, noting that, in Nelson, all

charges were dismissed when the convictions were overturned.

      In Nelson, the United States Supreme Court concluded that a statute

requiring defendants to prove their innocence by clear and convincing

evidence to obtain a refund of costs, fees and restitution after a court

invalidated the underlying convictions violated Due Process. 137 S.Ct. 1249,

1252 (2017). In doing so, the Court reasoned, in part, that a state “may not

retain funds taken from [the defendants] solely because of their now-

invalidated convictions . . . for [a state] may not presume a person adjudged

guilty of no crime, nonetheless guilty enough for monetary exactions.” Id. at

1256. The Court further noted that it was “inconsequential” that the

defendants “prevailed on subsequent review rather than in the first instance,”

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noting that if a trial court had granted a motion to set aside a guilty verdict as

insufficient, then the defendant would not be sentenced to pay costs.

      In Commonwealth v. Moran, 675 A.2d 1269, 1272 (Pa.Super. 1996),

we interpreted Section 1403, which provides that “[i]n any case where a

defendant is convicted and sentenced to pay the costs of prosecution and trial,

the expenses of the district attorney in connection with such prosecution shall

be considered a part of the costs of the case and be paid by the defendant.”

16 P.S. § 1403. We concluded that the trial court erred in requiring the

defendant to pay the costs incurred in connection with a drunk driving charge,

where the jury had acquitted the defendant of that charge. Id. at 1273. We

explained that in this context the terms “prosecution” and “conviction” must

be read as being “synonymous,” because an “exoneration of all charges would

not permit the imposition of costs of ‘prosecution.’” Id. at 1272 n.11. We thus

concluded that “[t]here must be a nexus between the ‘conviction’ and [costs]

imposed ....” Id.

      The Commonwealth relies on Commonwealth v. Soudani, 165 A.2d

709 (Pa.Super. 1960), where the court refused to apportion costs between

counts when one was overturned, reasoning all costs were necessary to try

the defendant on the second count. In Soudani, the defendant had been

convicted of aggravated assault and battery and assault with intent to kill. Id.

at 710. On appeal, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that the convictions

should have merged, and it therefore set aside the sentence for the conviction

for aggravated assault and battery. Id. The defendant then sought

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apportionment of the amount of costs, and requested that this Court strike

the amount applicable to the aggravated assault and battery conviction. We

held that the costs of prosecution in that case could not be divided, as “all the

costs were necessary to try appellant on the second count of the indictment,

and [because] there was but one set of costs.” Id. at 711.

      Here, Flemings was convicted of conspiracy to commit PWID of

marijuana and receiving stolen property. The remaining drug charges were

nolle prossed. Therefore the court should have required that he pay only the

lab fees associated with the marijuana charge. Unlike the fees at issue in

Soudani, the lab fees for controlled substances other than marijuana were

not necessary to prosecute Flemings for conspiracy to commit PWID of

marijuana.

      We remand this case to the trial court. The Commonwealth shall file with

the trial court an itemized lab fee report, delineating the costs associated with

conspiracy to commit PWID of marijuana charge.

      Judgment of sentence reversed. Case remanded with instructions.

Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 9/16/2020

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