Court Opinion

ID: 1078149
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:25:57.077489+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:07:16.805943
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present:   Chief Judge Moon, Judges Coleman and Fitzpatrick

MARK ALLEN VAN LEAR

v.         Record No. 1924-94-3          MEMORANDUM OPINION *
                                     BY JUDGE SAM W. COLEMAN III
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA                  FEBRUARY 20, 1996

            FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ALLEGHANY COUNTY
                    Duncan M. Byrd, Jr., Judge

           Dabney L. Pasco (Christopher Wm. Schinstock;
           St. Clair & Associates, on briefs), for appellant.

          Robert B. Beasley, Jr., Assistant Attorney General
     (James S. Gilmore, III, Attorney General, on brief),
     for appellee.

     Mark Allen Van Lear appeals his conviction for operating a

motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol.      Van Lear

contends that the trial court erred by (1) admitting into

evidence the certificate of breath alcohol analysis, and

(2) applying the statutory presumption of intoxication to the

breath test results.   We hold that the trial court did not err by

admitting the certificate of analysis into evidence, but did err

by considering the results as stated in the certificate

sufficient to apply the Code § 18.2-269(A)(3) statutory
                               1
presumption of intoxication.       Accordingly, we reverse the

conviction and remand the case to the trial court.
     *
      Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
designated for publication.
     1
       Gardner v. Commonwealth, 195 Va. 945, 954, 81 S.E.2d 614,
619 (1954), holds that "under the influence of alcohol" is
equivalent to "intoxication" and adopts the definition of
intoxication from Code § 4-12(14).
     The Certificate of Breath Alcohol Analysis, introduced by

the Commonwealth and admitted by the trial judge, stated that the

defendant's breath alcohol content was ".10% grams per 210 liters

of breath."    The defendant contends that Code § 18.2-269(A)(3)

requires that the method for reporting the results of the

analysis of an accused's breath alcohol content be the number of

grams of alcohol per 210 liters of the accused's breath, which

necessarily requires that the results be expressed in whole

numbers, rather than as a percentage. 2    Furthermore, he argues,

it makes no sense to express breath test results as a percentage

of "grams per 210 liters of breath" and because the certificate

is inconsistent, on its face, with the breath test operator's

attestation, "that the above is an accurate record of the test

conducted," the trial court should not have admitted the

certificate of analysis into evidence.

     The Commonwealth acknowledges that an error exists on the

certificate of analysis, but argues that it is apparent that the

"%" sign was inadvertently inserted in the certificate.

Therefore, the Commonwealth contends that the trial court

properly concluded that the certificate of analysis showed the

     2
         Code § 18.2-269(3)(A) provides:

     If there was at that time 0.08 percent or more by
     weight by volume of alcohol in the accused's blood or
     0.08 grams or more per 210 liters of the accused's
     breath, it shall be presumed that the accused was under
     the influence of alcohol intoxicants at the time of the
     alleged offense.

                                - 2 -
test results to be .10 grams of alcohol per 210 liters of the

defendant's breath.

     "The admissibility of evidence is within the broad

discretion of the trial court, and a ruling will not be disturbed

on appeal in the absence of an abuse of discretion."   James v.

Commonwealth, 18 Va. App. 746, 753, 446 S.E.2d 900, 904 (1994)

(quoting Blain v. Commonwealth, 7 Va. App. 10, 16, 371 S.E.2d
838, 842 (1988)).   Here, there is no indication that the breath

test was performed improperly or that the test operator was not

qualified.   See Brooks v. City of Newport News, 224 Va. 311, 315,

295 S.E.2d 801, 803 (1982).   Code § 18.2-268.9 provides, among

other things, the "certificate, when attested by the individual

conducting the breath test, shall be admissible in any court in

any criminal or civil proceeding as evidence of the facts therein

stated and of the results of such analysis."   Moreover, if, as

the Commonwealth contends, the "%" sign was inserted in error,

that error is a procedural matter, rather than a substantive one

affecting the test results, and does not defeat the admissibility

of the certificate.   See Code § 18.2-268.11; cf. Brooks, 224 Va.

at 315, 295 S.E.2d at 803 (holding that the qualification of the

test operator is a substantive matter).   Thus, although the

measurement as expressed in the certificate of analysis is stated

in terms other than as provided by the statute and the evidence

fails to explain the significance of ".10% grams," 3 the trial
     3
       Although .10% mathematically converts to the whole number,
.001, both the appellant and the Commonwealth acknowledge that
expressing the measurement of alcohol content of breath in terms

                               - 3 -
court did not err by admitting the certificate into evidence.

We hold, therefore, that the trial court did not abuse its

discretion by admitting the certificate of analysis into

evidence.   The problem remains, however, what is the evidentiary

value of the certificate of analysis showing unexplained results

of ".10%" grams per 210 liters."

     We turn to whether the trial court could consider the

results as expressed in the certificate sufficient to apply
the presumption of intoxication in accordance with Code

§ 18.2-269(A)(3).   The Commonwealth did not offer evidence to

explain the error in ".10%."   Without evidence explaining the

errors, the trial judge could not assume that "%" was simply

inserted by error and that the correct measurement for alcohol

content was .10 grams per 210 liters of the accused's breath.

Accordingly, by failing to determine that the certificate

reflected the correct measurement of the defendant's breath

alcohol content, the trial court erred in applying the statutory

presumption of intoxication under Code § 18.2-269(A)(3) to the

test results. Because the trial court erroneously based its

finding of intoxication upon the statutory presumption, we do not

decide whether the other evidence was sufficient to prove

intoxication.   See Williams v. Commonwealth, 10 Va. App. 636,

639, 394 S.E.2d 728, 729 (1990); see also Overbee v.

of "percentage" of grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath,
rather than the number of grams of alcohol per 210 liters of
breath, makes no sense. The Commonwealth argues that it is
patent that the examiner included a "%" sign because the statute
formerly provided for measuring blood alcohol content only in
terms of percentage of alcohol level in the accused's blood.
                               - 4 -
Commonwealth, 227 Va. 238, 243-45, 315 S.E.2d 242, 244-45 (1984);

Brooks, 224 Va. at 315-16, 295 S.E.2d at 804.   Therefore, we

reverse the conviction and remand the case to the trial court for

such further action as the Commonwealth may be advised.

                                         Reversed and remanded.

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