Court Opinion

ID: 4112523
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-12-30 19:14:02.322951+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:37:17.446611
License: Public Domain

J. S83002/16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA             :     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                         :           PENNSYLVANIA
                   v.                    :
                                         :
ROMAN BAZHUTIN,                          :         No. 1338 WDA 2015
                                         :
                        Appellant        :

           Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence, July 30, 2015,
             in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
            Criminal Division at Nos. CP-02-CR-0008005-2014,
                          CP-02-CR-0011237-2014

BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., SHOGAN AND STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.:              FILED DECEMBER 30, 2016

      Roman Bazhutin appeals from the July 30, 2015 aggregate judgment

of sentence of 11½ to 23 months’ imprisonment, followed by 2 years’

probation, imposed following a revocation of his probation. 1 For the reasons

that follow, we vacate appellant’s sentence and remand this matter so that

the trial court can conduct a limited evidentiary hearing to determine

whether he should receive an additional 33 days’ credit for time-served. In

all other respects, we affirm appellant’s convictions.

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
  The trial court granted appellant 114 days’ credit for time-served for the
period he spent in custody from April 8 to July 30, 2015. (See notes of
testimony, 7/30/15 at 4; trial court order, 7/30/15; No. CP-02-CR-0011237-
2014.)
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      A prior panel of this court summarized the relevant facts of this case

as follows:

                    On May 18, 2014, Officer James Fleckenstein,
              Jr. of the Castle Shannon Police Department
              responded to a 911 call to [appellant’s] residence for
              a domestic assault. Upon arriving at the home,
              Officer Fleckenstein observed a bleeding laceration
              on the back of [appellant’s girlfriend, Tracey]
              Ondek’s head.      Ms. Ondek told the Officer that
              [appellant] pushed her against the wall and her head
              hit a corner, causing the laceration.        Although
              Ms. Ondek did appear to be intoxicated, she was
              aware      of    what     she     was      describing.
              Officer Fleckenstein watched Ms. Ondek write and
              sign a statement and took pictures of her injury.

                    Thereafter, on July 27, 2014, Officer William
              Kress of the Castle Shannon Police Department
              responded to another 911 call to [appellant’s]
              residence for a domestic assault. Upon arriving at
              the home, Officer Kress observed that Ms. Ondek’s
              cheek and both of her eyes were swollen and she
              was shaking. Ms. Ondek told Officer Kress that
              [appellant] “beat her up.”        Again, although
              Officer Kress did smell alcohol on Ms. Ondek’s
              breath, she was aware of and understood his
              questions. Officer Kress then watched Ms. Ondek
              write and sign a statement.

                    Ms. Ondek testified that on both occasions she
              was intoxicated and remembered neither the events
              nor preparing the written statements for the police.

Commonwealth v. Bazhutin, 144 A.3d 188 (Pa.Super. 2016) (unpublished

memorandum at 2), citing trial court opinion, 7/21/15 at 3-4.

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        Appellant was subsequently charged with two counts of simple assault

and one count of harassment2 in connection with these incidents. Appellant

waived his right to a jury trial and proceeded to a bench trial on January 28,

2015. Following a one-day trial, appellant was found guilty of all charges.

Appellant was sentenced that same day to an aggregate term of 4 years’

probation. (Notes of testimony, 1/28/15 at 30; see also trial court orders,

1/28/15, Nos. CP-02-CR-0008005-2014 and CP-02-CR-0011237-2014.) On

February 6, 2015, appellant filed a post-sentence motion for a new trial that

was denied on February 13, 2015.       On March 13, 2015, appellant filed a

timely notice of appeal. A panel of this court affirmed appellant’s judgment

of sentence on March 3, 2016. Bazhutin, 144 A.3d 188. Appellant did not

seek allowance of appeal with our supreme court.

        On April 23, 2015, the trial court conducted a Gagnon I hearing,3

wherein it was revealed that appellant had been arrested and charged in

connection with a third assault of Ondek that had occurred on March 24,

2015. (Notes of testimony, 4/23/15 at 2.) Thereafter, on June 23, 2015,

the trial court commenced a Gagnon II hearing, which was continued so

that a presentence investigation report (“PSI”) could be prepared. (Notes of

2
    18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2701 and 2709, respectively.
3
  See Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1973) (holding that a defendant
accused of violating probation is entitled to two hearings:          1) a
pre-revocation hearing to determine probable cause of a violation
(Gagnon I); and 2) a more comprehensive revocation hearing to establish a
violation and determine whether revocation is warranted (Gagnon II).)

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testimony, 6/23/15 at 3-4.) Following the preparation of a PSI report, the

trial court conducted a full Gagnon II hearing on July 30, 2015. Thereafter,

that same day, the trial court revoked appellant’s probation and resentenced

him to an aggregate term of 11½ to 23 months’ imprisonment, followed by

2 years’ probation. (Notes of testimony, 7/30/15 at 4.) As noted, the trial

court also granted appellant 114 days’ credit for time-served. (Id; see also

trial court order, 7/30/15; No. CP-02-CR-0011237-2014.)

      On August 6, 2015, appellant filed a post-sentence motion for

reconsideration of his sentence, which was denied by the trial court on

August 13, 2015.     On August 28, 2015, appellant filed a timely notice of

appeal.   On September 4, 2015, the trial court ordered appellant to file a

concise statement of errors complained of on appeal in accordance with

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).     Following several extensions, appellant filed a timely

Rule 1925(b) statement on February 5, 2016. Thereafter, on March 7, 2016,

the trial court filed its Rule 1925(a) opinion.

      Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

            I.     WHETHER    THERE  WAS    INSUFFICIENT
                   EVIDENCE PRESENTED ESTABLISHING THAT
                   [APPELLANT] WAS IN VIOLATION OF HIS
                   PROBATION AT BOTH CC 201408005 AND
                   CC 201411237?

            II.    IS THE REVOCATION SENTENCE IMPOSED AT
                   CC 201411237 ILLEGAL IN THAT IT FAILS TO
                   GIVE APPROPRIATE TIME CREDIT?

            III.   IN REVOKING [APPELLANT’S] PROBATIONS
                   AND RESENTENCING HIM TO A SENTENCE OF

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                   TOTAL CONFINEMENT OF 11½-23 MONTHS[’]
                   COUNTY INCARCERATION AT CC 201411237,
                   AND    TO   2   YEARS   PROBATION   AT
                   CC 201408005, WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT
                   ABUSED ITS SENTENCING DISCRETION WHEN
                   IT FAILED TO PLACE REASONS ON THE
                   RECORD    JUSTIFYING  ITS   SENTENCING
                   DECISION, REVOCATION WAS BASED SOLELY
                   ON A TECHNICAL VIOLATION OF PROBATION
                   AND THE REQUIREMENTS OF 42 PA.C.S.A.
                   § 9721(B) AND 42 PA.C.S.A. § 9725 WERE
                   NOT MET?

Appellant’s brief at 12. For the ease of our discussion, we have elected to

address appellant’s claims in a slightly different order than presented in his

appellate brief.

      Appellant first argues that there was insufficient evidence to establish

that he violated the terms of his probation.      (Appellant’s brief at 21.)    In

support of this contention, appellant maintains that, “at the time of

revocation, [he] had not yet proceeded to trial on the [March 24, 2015

simple assault] charge . . . [and] the mere fact of an arrest has no probative

value and is insufficient to warrant revocation of probation.”          (Id.)   We

disagree.

      Preliminarily, we note that a revocation of probation is governed by

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9771, which provides, in relevant part, as follows:

            (b)    Revocation.--The court may revoke an order
                   of probation upon proof of the violation of
                   specified conditions of the probation. Upon
                   revocation    the    sentencing       alternatives
                   available to the court shall be the same as
                   were available at the time of initial sentencing,

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                  due consideration being given to the time
                  spent serving the order of probation.

            (c)   Limitation       on   sentence    of    total
                  confinement.--The court shall not impose a
                  sentence of total confinement upon revocation
                  unless it finds that:

                  (1)   the defendant has been convicted
                        of another crime; or

                  (2)   the conduct of the defendant
                        indicates that it is likely that he will
                        commit another crime if he is not
                        imprisoned; or

                  (3)   such a sentence is essential to
                        vindicate the authority of the court.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9771(b), (c).

      This court has long recognized that the Commonwealth bears the

burden of proving a probation violation by a preponderance of the evidence.

            The Commonwealth establishes a probation violation
            meriting revocation when it shows, by a
            preponderance     of   the    evidence,     that   the
            probationer’s conduct violated the terms and
            conditions of his probation, and that probation has
            proven an ineffective rehabilitation tool incapable of
            deterring [the] probationer from future antisocial
            conduct.

Commonwealth v. A.R., 990 A.2d 1, 4 (Pa.Super. 2010), affirmed, 80

A.3d 1180 (Pa. 2013) (citation and footnote omitted).

      “[A] preponderance of the evidence is the lowest burden of proof in

the administration of justice, and it is defined as the greater weight of the

evidence, i.e., to tip a scale slightly in one’s favor.”     Commonwealth v.

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Ortega, 995 A.2d 879, 886 n.3 (Pa.Super. 2010), appeal denied, 20 A.3d

1211 (Pa. 2011) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Thus, the

question we must ask is not whether the evidence, if admitted at trial, would

have been sufficient to convict the defendant of the offenses that

engendered the probation revocation proceeding, but rather, whether a

preponderance of the evidence showed that probation had proven ineffective

at rehabilitating appellant. See id.

      Contrary to appellant’s contention, we find that the evidence was

sufficient to establish that appellant violated the conditions of his probation

and that said probation had proven ineffective.       At the April 23, 2015

hearing, Probation Officer Richard Zeleznik testified that he contacted

appellant prior to the hearing about the fact that he had “done nothing

towards the condition of his probation[,]” and appellant informed him that

“he had . . . two years to get this stuff done” and was content to address the

trial court.   (Notes of testimony, 4/23/15 at 2.)    Officer Zeleznik further

testified that on March 25, 2015, he was notified by the Castle Shannon

Police Department that appellant had been arrested and charged in

connection with yet another assault of Ondek on March 24, 2015.          (Id.)

During the course of this hearing, the trial court also heard testimony from

appellant, who failed to accept responsibility for the assault and alleged that

Ondek’s injuries were the result of her falling “on her face because she was

so intoxicated.” (Id. at 4-6.)

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      Thereafter, on July 30, 2015, the trial court conducted a Gagnon II

hearing and indicated that it was incorporating Officer Zeleznik’s testimony

from the April 23, 2015 hearing into the record.           (Notes of testimony,

7/30/15 at 2.)     Appellant’s counsel acknowledged at said hearing that

appellant had a pending criminal case for assaulting Ondek a third time, but

stated that “[a]ppellant has always maintained his innocence through trial

and through these violation hearings[.]”       (Id. at 2-3.)   The record further

reflects that at no point during the course of these hearings did appellant

provide any explanation as to why he failed to contact or meet with

Officer Zeleznik from the date he began serving his probation, January 28,

2015, until the new charges were filed, on March 24, 2015.

      In finding that appellant failed to comply with the conditions of

probation, the trial court reasoned as follows:

             Okay.     Well, you pretty much were in total
             noncompliance, including a new arrest with the same
             victim. I guess you didn’t have quite enough time to
             go to the Batterer’s Intervention program[,] which
             may very well have prevented the third case from
             occurring.

Notes of testimony, 7/30/15 at 4; see also trial court opinion, 3/7/16 at 3.

      Based on the foregoing discussion, we find ample support for the trial

court’s conclusions. Clearly, the record demonstrates, by a preponderance

of the evidence, that probation has been ineffective in deterring appellant’s

continuous   pattern   of   domestic   abuse    against   Ondek.     Accordingly,

appellant’s contention that there was insufficient evidence presented at the

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probation revocation hearings that he had violated the terms of his probation

is meritless.

      We now turn to appellant’s claim that the trial court abused its

discretion in sentencing him to 11½ to 23 months’ imprisonment, followed

by 2 years’ probation, after the revocation of his probation because it failed

to consider the criteria set forth in Section 9721(b), including his “character,

personal history, and rehabilitative needs.” (Appellant’s brief at 31.)

      Our standard of review in assessing whether a trial court has erred in

fashioning a sentence following the revocation of probation is well settled.

                   When we consider an appeal from a sentence
            imposed following the revocation of probation, our
            review is limited to determining the validity of the
            probation revocation proceedings and the authority
            of the sentencing court to consider the same
            sentencing alternatives that it had at the time of the
            initial sentencing.      Revocation of a probation
            sentence is a matter committed to the sound
            discretion of the trial court, and that court’s decision
            will not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of an
            error of law or an abuse of discretion.

Commonwealth v. McNeal, 120 A.3d 313, 322 (Pa.Super. 2015) (citations

and internal quotation marks omitted).

      “[I]t is within our scope of review to consider challenges to the

discretionary aspects of an appellant’s sentence in an appeal following a

revocation of probation.”    Commonwealth v. Ferguson, 893 A.2d 735,

737 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal denied, 906 A.2d 1196 (Pa. 2006). Where

an appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence, the right

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to appellate review is not absolute. See Commonwealth v. Allen, 24 A.3d

1058, 1064 (Pa.Super. 2011).          Rather, an appellant challenging the

discretionary aspects of his sentence must invoke this court’s jurisdiction by

satisfying the following four-part test:

            (1) whether the appeal is timely; (2) whether
            Appellant preserved his issue; (3) whether
            Appellant’s brief includes a concise statement of the
            reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with
            respect to the discretionary aspects of sentence; and
            (4) whether the concise statement raises a
            substantial question that the sentence is appropriate
            under the sentencing code.

Commonwealth v. Carrillo-Diaz, 64 A.3d 722, 725 (Pa.Super. 2013)

(citations omitted).

      Instantly, the record reveals that appellant has filed a timely notice of

appeal and has preserved his sentencing claim, albeit in part, in his

August 6, 2015 post-sentence motion.          Appellant’s brief also includes a

statement that comports with the requirements of Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f). (See

appellant’s brief at 26-30.)      Accordingly, we must determine whether

appellant has raised a substantial question.

      “The determination of what constitutes a substantial question must be

evaluated on a case-by-case basis.”        Commonwealth v. Griffin, 65 A.3d

932, 935 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal denied, 76 A.3d 538 (Pa. 2013)

(citation omitted).    “A substantial question exists only when the appellant

advances a colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were

either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or

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(2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the sentencing

process.” Commonwealth v. Glass, 50 A.3d 720, 727 (Pa.Super. 2012),

appeal denied, 63 A.3d 774 (Pa. 2013) (citation omitted). “At a minimum,

the Rule 2119(f) statement must articulate what particular provision of the

code is violated, what fundamental norms the sentence violates, and the

manner    in   which    it   violates    that    norm.”     Commonwealth       v.

Mastromarino, 2 A.3d 581, 585-586 (Pa.Super. 2010), appeal denied, 14

A.3d 825 (Pa. 2011) (citation omitted).

      Herein, the record reflects that appellant failed to raise his claims that

the trial court failed to consider his character and personal history during the

July 30, 2015 sentencing hearing or in his August 6, 2015 post-sentence

motion.   Accordingly, these claims are waived.           See Commonwealth v.

Felder, 75 A.3d 513, 515 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal denied, 85 A.3d 482

(Pa. 2014) (stating that, “[c]hallenges to the discretionary aspects of a

sentence must be raised . . . either in a post-sentence motion or by

presenting them during the sentencing proceedings.           The failure to do so

results in a waiver of all such claims.” (citations omitted)).

      However, to the extent appellant argues in his post-sentence motion

that the trial court “failed to recognize [his] rehabilitative needs[,]” we find

this claim presents a substantial question for our review.        (See Motion to

Reconsider Sentence, 8/6/15 at ¶ 8.) See Commonwealth v. Baker, 72

A.3d 652, 662 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal denied, 86 A.3d 231 (Pa. 2014)

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(recognizing that an assertion that the trial court failed to account for

appellant’s rehabilitative needs was a substantial question suitable for

appellate review).   Accordingly, we proceed to consider the merits of this

claim.

      As discussed, the trial court found that appellant was “in total

noncompliance” with the terms of his probation and sentenced him to an

aggregate term of 11½ to 23 months’ imprisonment, followed by 2 years’

probation. (Notes of testimony, 7/30/15 at 4.) Although the guidelines are

not applicable herein, the record reflects that this sentence was well within

the sentencing guidelines range available to the court at the time of initial

sentencing, in accordance with Section 9771(b). Although the trial court did

not specifically state at the July 30, 2015 sentencing hearing that it

considered appellant’s rehabilitative needs, the record reflects that the trial

court was in possession of a PSI report. (Id. at 2.) Where the trial court

has the benefit of a PSI report, “we shall . . . presume that the sentencing

judge was aware of relevant information regarding the defendant’s character

and weighed those considerations along with mitigating statutory factors.”

Commonwealth v. Antidormi, 84 A.3d 736, 761 (Pa.Super. 2014),

appeal denied, 95 A.3d 275 (Pa. 2014) (citation omitted). Accordingly, we

find no abuse of the trial court’s discretion, and appellant’s challenge to the

discretionary aspects of his sentence must fail.

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      Lastly, appellant argues that the sentence imposed at docket number

CP-02-CR-0011237-2014 was illegal because it failed to give him credit for

the 33 days that he was incarcerated from the date of his arrest (July 27,

2014) to the date he posted bond (August 29, 2014). (Appellant’s brief at

23-24.)

      A challenge to a trial court’s failure to award credit for time-served in

custody implicates the legality, not the discretionary, aspects of sentencing

and is, therefore, appealable as of right.   Commonwealth v. Clark, 885

A.2d 1030, 1032 (Pa.Super. 2005). “[T]he determination as to whether the

trial court imposed an illegal sentence is a question of law; our standard of

review in cases dealing with questions of law is plenary.” Commonwealth

v. Williams, 868 A.2d 529, 532 (Pa.Super. 2005), appeal denied, 890

A.2d 1059 (Pa. 2005) (citations omitted).

      Instantly, the Commonwealth concedes that the certified record is

“deficient” in that it contains no evidence as to whether appellant is entitled

to an additional 33 days’ credit for time-served. (Commonwealth’s brief at

16.) The trial court, in turn, acknowledged in its Rule 1925(a) opinion that it

was “unable to evaluate the merits of [appellant’s] claim for sentencing

credit at this time.” (Trial court opinion, 3/7/16 at 5.) We are constrained

to agree.   Accordingly, we vacate appellant’s sentence and remand this

matter so that the trial court can conduct an evidentiary hearing for the

limited purpose of determining whether appellant should receive an

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additional 33 days’ credit for time-served. In all other respects, we affirm

appellant’s convictions.

      Convictions affirmed. Judgment of sentence vacated. Case remanded

with instructions. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 12/30/2016

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