Court Opinion

ID: 989495
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-07-03 23:07:44.436204+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:01:40.839952
License: Public Domain

Filed:   June 5, 1996

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                        FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

                           Nos. 94-2067(L)
                            (CA-94-882-S)

Donald C. McGean,

                                              Plaintiff - Appellant,

          versus

Montgomery County, Maryland, etc., et al,

                                             Defendants - Appellees.

                              O R D E R

     The Court amends its opinion filed June 5, 1996, as follows:

     On the cover sheet, section 2 -- the Institute for Behavior
and Health should be shown as "Defendant," not Defendant-Appellee.
                                       For the Court - By Direction

                                          /s/ Bert M. Montague

                                                     Clerk
UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

DONALD C. MCGEAN,
Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND, a
Governmental Instrumentality;
UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL
WORKERS UNION, MCGEO LOCAL
400, AFL-CIO, a Labor
Organization; PETE HOLT, Director
Department of Addiction; Victim
and Mental Health; PETER F.           No. 94-2067
LUONGO, Director, Division of Audit
Addictions; RONALD RIVLIN,
Program Manager; MAURO RAMOS,
Therapist III,
Defendants-Appellees,

and

INSTITUTE FOR BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH,
INCORPORATED, a Maryland
Corporation,
Defendant.
DONALD C. MCGEAN,
Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND, a
Governmental Instrumentality;
UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL
WORKERS UNION, LOCAL 400,
AFL-CIO, a Labor Organization;
PETE HOLT, Director Department of
                                                               No. 94-2194
Addiction, Victim and Mental
Health; PETER F. LUONGO, Director,
Division of Audit Addictions;
RONALD RIVLIN, Program Manager;
MAURO RAMOS, Therapist III,
INSTITUTE FOR BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH,
INCORPORATED, a Maryland
Corporation,
Defendants-Appellees.

Appeals from the United States District Court
for the District of Maryland, at Baltimore.
Frederic N. Smalkin, District Judge.
(CA-94-882-S)

Submitted: April 30, 1996

Decided: June 5, 1996

Before WIDENER and NIEMEYER, Circuit Judges, and
PHILLIPS, Senior Circuit Judge.

_________________________________________________________________

No. 94-2067 affirmed in part, dismissed in part, and No. 94-2194
denied by unpublished per curiam opinion.

_________________________________________________________________

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COUNSEL

Donald C. McGean, Appellant Pro Se. Edward Barry Lattner,
COUNTY ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, Rockville, Maryland; Aaron
Martin Nisenson, SWERDLING, PAUL, LEIBIG, KAHN, THOMP-
SON & WOLLY, P.C., Washington, D.C.; Jeffrey David Goldstein,
STEIN, SPERLING, BENNETT, DE JONG, DRISCOLL, GREEN-
FEIG & METRO, P.A., Rockville, Maryland; Jerry Pixley Roscoe,
Washington, D.C., for Appellees.

_________________________________________________________________

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).

_________________________________________________________________

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

Donald C. McGean seeks to appeal two orders of the district court
in this case. McGean's action, originally filed in state court, was
removed to federal court on motion of defendants. In No. 94-2067,
McGean seeks to appeal the district court's order dismissing Mont-
gomery County Government Employees' Organization/Local 400,
UFCW, AFL-CIO (MCGEO) as a party and denying McGean's
motion for a preliminary injunction. In No. 94-2194, McGean seeks
to appeal the district court's order dismissing the remaining federal
claims and remanding the case to state court, and its order denying his
Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) motion for reconsideration.

No. 94-2067: The denial of a motion for preliminary injunction is
reviewable under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1) (1988). We review a district
court's denial of a preliminary injunction for abuse of discretion.
Direx Israel, Ltd. v. Breakthrough Medical Corp., 952 F.2d 802, 812
(4th Cir. 1991). Entitlement to such relief is determined by consider-
ing four factors: (1) plaintiff's likelihood of irreparable injury if the
injunction is denied; (2) likelihood of harm to defendants if the
injunction is granted; (3) plaintiff's likelihood of success on the mer-

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its; and (4) the public interest. Blackwelder Furniture Co. v. Seilig
Mfg. Co., 550 F.2d 189, 195-96 (4th Cir. 1977).

Harm is not considered irreparable if it can be compensated by
money damages during the normal course of litigation. Hughes Net-
work Sys., Inc. v. Interdigital Communications Corp. , 17 F.3d 691,
694 (4th Cir. 1994). A plaintiff's failure to show the likelihood of
actual, imminent, irreparable harm is sufficient basis to deny a motion
for preliminary injunction. Direx, 952 F.2d at 812. Here, McGean
complains of sanctions imposed on him for his failure to recognize a
fellow employee as his supervisor. He has faced pay reduction, sus-
pension without pay and dismissal. This type of harm is redressable
in the normal course of litigation; McGean has not borne his burden
of showing irreparable injury. We conclude that the district court did
not abuse its discretion in denying preliminary relief, and affirm this
aspect of the district court's order.

As to the remainder of the district court's order dismissing
MCGEO, we conclude that it is interlocutory and not subject to
review. This order is neither final, 28 U.S.C. § 1291 (1988), nor dis-
positive of the litigation on the merits. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
v. Risjord, 449 U.S. 368, 373 (1981). The district court did not direct
entry of judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b). The collateral
order exception, Cohen v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp., 337 U.S.
541, 546 (1949), is inapplicable.

Where the district court subsequently dismisses the remainder of a
case before an interlocutory order is considered on appeal, we may
apply the doctrine of cumulative finality to review the interlocutory
order. Equipment Fin. Group, Inc. v. Traverse Computer Brokers, 973
F.2d 345, 347-48 (4th Cir. 1992). Here, however, as discussed below,
the remand order was not a final entry of judgment and we must dis-
miss the appeal as interlocutory.

No. 94-2194: The district court dismissed all of McGean's federal
claims and remanded the state claim to state court. McGean noted this
appeal. Under 28 U.S.C. § 1447(d) (1988), an order remanding a case
to state court is not appealable except in one instance, not applicable
here. But § 1447(d) applies only to remand orders based on the
grounds set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c): defect in removal procedure

                    4
or lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Jamison v. Wiley, 14 F.3d 222,
231 (4th Cir. 1994). In this case the district court found the federal
claims to be without merit and, exercising its discretion, declined to
decide the state claim under its supplemental jurisdiction, 28 U.S.C.
§ 1367(c)(3) (1988); see Carnegie-Mellon Univ. v. Cohill, 484 U.S.
343, 357 (1988). Such a remand order is not one of those enumerated
in § 1447(c), for which review is barred in§ 1447(d). In re Surinam
Airways Holding Co., 974 F.2d 1255, 1257 (4th Cir. 1992).

But the order of remand is not final, and is reviewable only by
mandamus. Mangold v. Analytic Servs., Inc., ___ F.3d ___, No. 94-
1307 (4th Cir. Mar. 12, 1996); see Thermtron Prods., Inc. v.
Hermansdorfer, 423 U.S. 336, 351 (1976). While McGean has not
petitioned this Court for mandamus, his notice of appeal can be
treated as a petition for mandamus. Mangold, slip op. at 19; Jamison,
14 F.3d at 234.

Mandamus is a drastic remedy to be used only in extraordinary cir-
cumstances. Kerr v. United States Dist. Court for N. Dist., 426 U.S.
394, 402 (1976). A petitioner bears the heavy burden of showing that
he has no other means of obtaining relief and that his right to such
relief is clear and indisputable. In re First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n,
860 F.2d 135, 138 (4th Cir. 1988). In this case, McGean does not suc-
cessfully bear that burden. The district court reviewed his federal
claims and rejected them as without merit, and our review of the
materials before us does not conflict with that decision.

Therefore, we deny McGean's petition for mandamus relief. His
Motion to Stay Appellate Proceedings is denied as moot. We deny his
Emergency Motion to retrieve the record from state court. We dis-
pense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are
adequately presented in the materials before the court and argument
would not aid the decisional process.

No. 94-2067 - AFFIRMED IN PART, DISMISSED IN PART

No. 94-2194 - DENIED

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