Court Opinion

ID: 2650477
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-01-23 01:00:59.276876+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:09:45.364072
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                                 JAN 22 2014

                                                                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                        No. 13-10060

              Plaintiff - Appellee,              D.C. No. 2:97-cr-00410-ROS-1

  v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
STEVEN RYAN DOCK,

              Defendant - Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Arizona
                 Roslyn O. Silver, Senior District Judge, Presiding

                           Submitted January 15, 2014**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: ALARCÓN, TALLMAN, and IKUTA, Circuit Judges.

       Steven Ryan Dock appeals the above-guidelines sentence and five of the

special conditions of supervised release imposed by the district court. We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
        **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      Even if the district court erred in discussing Dock’s substance abuse problem

during the final disposition hearing, the district court did not commit plain error

because Dock has not shown “a reasonable probability that he would have received

a different sentence” if the district court had not referenced this problem. United

States v. Waknine, 543 F.3d 546, 554 (9th Cir. 2008). There is no evidence that

rehabilitative concerns affected either the court’s decision to impose a term of

imprisonment or its decision to impose an above-guidelines sentence. See Tapia v.

United States, 131 S. Ct. 2382, 2393 (2011). To the contrary, the district court

explained that it exceeded the guidelines “to protect the public from further

criminal conduct by [Dock],” which was a valid sentencing consideration. See 18

U.S.C. §§ 3553(a)(2)(B), 3582(a).

      Because the parties agree that special conditions 6, 8, and 16 are vague, we

reverse and remand the imposition of those conditions to the district court for

further consideration.

      Dock’s argument that the district court erred by failing to conduct an

individualized determination before imposing special conditions 12 and 13 also

fails under any standard of review. The district court did not have an obligation to

conduct an individualized determination before imposing a curfew (condition 12)

or requiring Dock to wear “appropriate outer clothing” (condition 13), because

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these conditions do not implicate “particularly significant liberty interest[s],” such

as “the fundamental right to familial association,” United States v. Wolf Child, 699

F.3d 1082, 1091–92 (9th Cir. 2012), or “the constitutional interest inherent in

avoiding unwanted bodily intrusions or manipulations,” United States v. Stoterau,

524 F.3d 988, 1005 (9th Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks omitted). Yong v.

I.N.S., 208 F.3d 1116, 1118 n.1 (9th Cir. 2000), is not to the contrary; it merely

recognizes that a person may be “in custody for habeas purposes” when living at a

facility that imposes a curfew. Further, the record supports the conclusion that

special conditions 12 and 13 are reasonably related to deterrence and protecting the

public, and involve no greater a deprivation of liberty than is reasonably necessary

for the purpose of supervised release. See United States v. Blinkinsop, 606 F.3d

1110, 1118–19 (9th Cir. 2010).

      AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED.

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