Court Opinion

ID: 4664333
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-03-03 07:16:44.597596+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:02:21.551299
License: Public Domain

AFFIRMED as MODIFIED and Opinion Filed March 1, 2021

                                   S  In The
                            Court of Appeals
                     Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                               No. 05-19-01438-CR
                               No. 05-19-01439-CR
                               No. 05-19-01440-CR
                        ALEX CARCAMO, Appellant
                                   V.
                       THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

              On Appeal from the 292nd Judicial District Court
                           Dallas County, Texas
       Trial Court Cause No. F18-33424-V, F18-33521-V, F18-33524-V

                        MEMORANDUM OPINION
                   Before Justices Myers, Osborne, and Carlyle
                           Opinion by Justice Osborne
      A jury convicted Alex Carcamo of murder (trial court Cause No.

F18-33424-V) and two aggravated assaults with deadly weapon (trial court Cause

Nos. F18-33521-V and F18-33524-V). The trial court sentenced him to 40 years’

imprisonment for murder and 10 years’ imprisonment for each aggravated assault

with deadly weapon, with the sentences to run concurrently. Appellant raises two

issues on appeal, asserting that the trial court abused its discretion by admitting

evidence of certain pretrial and in-court identifications by two witnesses. Appellant
also requests modification of the judgment in Cause No. F18-33424-V to correctly

reflect the name of the trial judge.

      We modify the judgment in Cause No. F18-33424-V to correctly reflect the

trial judge’s name. We also modify the judgments in each cause number to reflect

that punishment was assessed by the trial judge, not the jury. As modified, we affirm.

                                       BACKGROUND

      On the evening of March 16, 2018, Alex Sosa-Torres, Christian Martinez, and

Wilson Flores shared a ride home from work. After their ride dropped them off, the

three sat and talked outside their apartment building. Martinez noticed a green truck

drive by. Neither the truck’s driver—Appellant—nor its passenger, Appellant’s

cousin Lisandro Beltran, were known to Sosa-Torres, Martinez, or Flores.

      According to Beltran’s testimony at trial, as the truck drove past, the three

men “were giving us this look, like this mean look . . . they were mugging us.” He

continued, “And when we had passed by, well, we was staring at them, too, like we

was mugging back.” Beltran testified that he got mad, and “that’s when [Appellant]

put the, put the truck in reverse, and . . . that’s when we started arguing with them.”

He explained:

      Q.     What were you saying?

      A.     I was like, if y’all want to fight, we can fight. Just we was mad.

      Q.     You were mad over a look?

      A.     Well, it was more like basically a mean mug since they were
             mean mugging us.
                                          –2–
      Beltran and Appellant “started talking trash” with the men. Froylan

Hernandez, who lived on the second floor of the apartment building where the events

occurred, heard the argument and looked out his window to see what was happening.

He saw people arguing by a green truck.

      Next, Appellant got out of the truck and pointed a gun at the three men.

Martinez testified that the gun was a silver and black 9-millimeter. Martinez told

Appellant and Beltran to calm down, saying that he did not want any problem.

Hernandez also heard some of the argument, and testified that “the man that died

[Sosa-Torres], he said, ‘If I could, I could take that thing from you.’ Something like

that.” Although Hernandez “did not see exactly what [Sosa-Torres] was referring

to,” the man to whom Sosa-Torres was speaking “was putting his hand where his

pocket is.” Hernandez could not see if the man was pulling out a weapon. The man

went back into his truck, however, and then Hernandez “heard the, the shooting.”

      Martinez testified that Appellant got back in the truck and started shooting at

him, Sosa-Torres, and Flores between the seats and through a back window. Beltran

also testified that Appellant started shooting from the back window. Beltran

continued:

      Q.     Did any of these three men have weapons on them?

      A.     No ma’am.

      Q.     So nobody pulled a weapon out. Your cousin [Appellant] just
             started shooting on his own.

                                         –3–
      A.     Well, not instantly. He had the gun. Like, he pulled it out. He
             cocked it. And I was telling him no. I was like, no, you don’t
             need to do this. I kept on telling him, like, we just fight, we can
             fight.

             And he was like, no, if I have a gun, why not use it? You know.
             He was basically saying, well, I’ll do what I have to do.

      Flores testified to a similar description of events. He explained that the

passenger in the truck got out and “wanted to fight [but] none of us wanted to. So he

got back on [the truck] and he was arguing there . . . .” Then the driver “opened the

door and got down but then he went back on,” and “[t]hat’s when [Appellant] pulled

out the weapon and he, and he shot” at Sosa-Torres and Martinez. Flores first “went

down on the ground” and then “jumped down into the ditch” next to the road to avoid

the gunshots.

      Sosa-Torres and Martinez also started running toward the ditch. The truck

then backed up and left the scene. As soon as Flores saw that Sosa-Torres and

Martinez had been shot, he ran into the apartment building to find Sosa-Torres’s

wife, and later spoke to police when they arrived at the scene.

      Sosa-Torres was shot in the chest and died as a result of the injury. Martinez

was shot in the hand as he ran. Flores escaped with no injury from the shooting.

      Hernandez observed the group for “about a minute and a half, I think.”

Hernandez called 911, reported that someone had been shot after a fight, and

requested an ambulance. A recording of the call was played for the jury. Hernandez

                                         –4–
reported that the shooter left the scene in a Ford Expedition. Hernandez then went

down to try to help the men who had been shot.

       Beltran testified that he and Appellant drove to Appellant’s home. Appellant

was not excited or upset; he was acting “[j]ust like a normal day.” Appellant asked

his brother to move a car in the driveway so that Appellant could park the truck “to

the side” in an effort to hide it.

       Beltran testified that Appellant later texted him to ask what happened to the

three men:

       Q.     How did you reply to your cousin?

       A.     To what text message?

       Q.     When he’s asking you if they’re alive.

       A.     I had, I had told him one died and the other two were alive.

       Q.     But you added some context, right?

       A.     I had added, I said, “They’re still alive, wagging—”

       Q.     Wagging their little tails?

       A.     “—their little tails,” yes, ma’am.

       Q.     What did the defendant reply?

       A.     He said, “Dammit.”

       Q.     “Dammit, boy.”

       A.     Yeah, “Dammit, boy.”

       Officer Philip Howard of the Irving Police Department investigated the

shooting. Howard found a traffic citation in the Irving police records database that

                                            –5–
matched witnesses’ description of the shooter and the truck. He then traced the

registered owner of the vehicle, Appellant’s mother, to her address and found a green

Ford Expedition parked there. With consent from Appellant’s mother to search the

truck, officers recovered a gun case, an unfired bullet, fired cartridges, and Beltran’s

cell phone. Officers then obtained a search warrant to test the vehicle for gunshot

residue. These tests indicated gunshot residue around the truck’s rear passenger seat

and door.

      After executing a search warrant for Appellant’s home, officers recovered a

9mm gun with live rounds in Appellant’s room. A firearms examiner determined the

bullet recovered from the murder victim was fired from the 9mm pistol found in

Appellant’s room. Further, through a cell phone mapping process, the police were

able to determine the proximity of Appellant’s and Beltran’s cell phones to the

shooting location at the time the shooting occurred.

      Flores was shown a photo lineup by police. He identified Appellant as one of

the suspects in the murder and assaults. Flores was also shown a second photo lineup

on the same day that did not include Appellant’s photo. At the time, police had

identified a second suspect who was later determined to have had no involvement in

the case. In the photo lineup, Flores identified this second suspect who was later

cleared. Martinez was shown two photo lineups but did not identify Appellant.

      Hernandez, the witness who called 911, testified that he was not interviewed

by the police after the shooting, but was contacted by the district attorney’s office a

                                          –6–
week or two before trial.1 He was never shown a photo lineup. When he met with

prosecutors, they showed him a photograph of Appellant. He told them that

Appellant “looks familiar,” but he could not say for sure that Appellant was the

person he saw shoot Sosa-Torres. Over Appellant’s objection that the trial court

heard and overruled outside the jury’s presence, Hernandez testified before the jury

that Appellant “seems familiar” as the person who got back in the truck during the

argument before the shooting.

       The jury found Appellant guilty of Sosa-Torres’s murder and the aggravated

assaults of Martinez and Flores with a deadly weapon. During the punishment phase

of the trial, the trial court heard testimony from ten additional witnesses before

making affirmative deadly-weapon findings in the assault cases and sentencing

Appellant in each of the three cases. Explaining the sentences, the trial court stated:

       The Court has taken into account the defendant’s relatively tender years
       and relative lack of criminal history; however, the Court carefully
       observed the chilling heinousness of the defendant’s act and his
       subsequent behavior clearly showing that he wished that all three of his
       victims were dead.

       The trial court rendered judgment in each of the three cases reflecting the

jury’s verdicts of guilty and the sentences pronounced in open court. This appeal

followed. Appellant does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to support

the convictions. Instead, he argues he was denied due process when the trial court

   1
      The first phase of the trial took place in October 2019, approximately eighteen months after the
shooting.
                                                –7–
overruled his objections and admitted Flores’s and Hernandez’s testimony

identifying him at trial.

                   APPLICABLE LAW AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

A. Pretrial identification in photo lineup

      In his first issue, Appellant argues the trial court abused its discretion by

admitting evidence of Flores’s pretrial identification because the photo lineup shown

to Flores was “impermissibly suggestive and tainted by an improper procedure.”

Appellant argues the tainted lineup resulted in “substantial likelihood of irreparable

misidentification causing harm to Appellant and denying him due process.”

      “The Due Process Clause bars the admission of identification evidence only

when the introduction of such evidence ‘is so extremely unfair that its admission

violates fundamental conceptions of justice.’” Balderas v. State, 517 S.W.3d 756,

791 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016) (quoting Perry v. New Hampshire, 565 U.S. 228, 237

(2012)). The court in Balderas explained, “Generally, the Constitution protects a

defendant against a conviction based on evidence of questionable reliability, not by

prohibiting its introduction, but by affording the defendant the means to persuade

the jury that the evidence should be discounted as unworthy of credit.” Id.

      The defendant bears the burden to establish by clear and convincing evidence

that the pretrial procedure was impermissibly suggestive. Id. at 792. “[A]n

unnecessarily suggestive pretrial identification procedure does not, in itself, intrude

upon a constitutionally protected interest.” Id. If the court determines that a pretrial

                                          –8–
identification procedure was impermissibly suggestive, it then assesses the

reliability of the identification under the totality of the circumstances. Id. The court

assesses reliability by weighing five non-exclusive factors against the corrupting

effect of any suggestive identification procedure:

        (1) the opportunity of the witness to view the suspect at the time of the
        crime; (2) the witness’s degree of attention; (3) the accuracy of the
        witness’s prior description of the criminal; (4) the level of certainty
        demonstrated by the witness at the confrontation; and (5) the length of
        time between the crime and the confrontation.

Id.

        “On appeal, in reviewing the trial judge’s assessment of reliability, we

consider these factors, which are issues of historical fact, deferentially in a light

favorable to the trial court’s ruling.” Id. We then weigh them de novo against any

“corrupting effect” of the suggestive pretrial identification procedure. Id. We review

the evidence adduced at the admissibility hearing as well as the evidence adduced at

trial. Id.

B. In-court identification

        In his second issue, Appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion

by admitting evidence of Hernandez’s in-court identification. He argues that the

identification “was tainted by showing the witness a photo of Appellant prior to his

testifying rendering his identification impermissibly suggestive.” He also argues that

the trial court erred by denying his request for an in-court identification hearing with

                                          –9–
the jury absent.2 He concludes that these errors resulted in a “substantial likelihood

of irreparable misidentification” causing him irreparable harm and denying him due

process.

        An in-court identification is inadmissible when it has been tainted by an

impermissibly suggestive pretrial identification. Ibarra v. State, 11 S.W.3d 189, 195

(Tex. Crim. App. 1999). “The test is whether, considering the totality of the

circumstances, ‘the photographic identification procedure was so impermissibly

suggestive as to give rise to a very substantial likelihood of irreparable

misidentification.’” Id. (quoting Simmons v. U.S., 390 U.S. 377, 384 (1968)). In

Ibarra, the court explained that reliability is “the critical question” and the “linchpin

in determining the admissibility of identification testimony.” Id. (quoting Webb v.

State, 760 S.W.2d 263, 269 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988). “‘If the totality of the

circumstances reveals no substantial likelihood of misidentification despite a

suggestive pretrial procedure, subsequent identification testimony will be deemed

reliable.’” Id. (quoting Webb, 760 S.W.2d at 269).

    2
      The trial court did hold a hearing out of the jury’s presence regarding the admissibility of Hernandez’s
identification. Appellant’s complaint here appears to be that at the hearing, he was sitting at counsel table
and was Hernandez’s only available choice. This and other courts have rejected similar complaints. See,
e.g., Harrison v. State, No. 14-10-00254-CR, 2011 WL 5589532, at *8 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
Nov. 17, 2011, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (no Texas precedent “holding that the
presence of defendant at defense counsel’s table when a witness is making an in-court identification is an
impermissibly suggestive procedure which may lead to a very substantial likelihood of irreparable
misidentification”) (collecting cases); Senior v. State, No. 05-04-00297-CR, 2005 WL 478723, at *2 (Tex.
App.—Dallas Mar. 2, 2005, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (“there is no law which
prohibits a court from requiring a defendant to sit at counsel table with his attorney during trial”). As we
discuss below, however, our focus here is Hernandez’s pretrial view of a single photograph before
identifying Appellant in court, not the lack of a pretrial hearing.
                                                   –10–
        In determining reliability, courts consider the same five non-exclusive factors

discussed in Balderas and set forth above. See Balderas, 517 S.W.3d at 792; Ibarra,

11 S.W.3d at 195. We consider the factors deferentially in a light favorable to the

trial court’s ruling. Ibarra, 11 S.W.3d at 195. The factors are then weighed de novo

against “the corrupting effect” of the suggestive pretrial identification procedure. Id.

The question is whether the procedures were so suggestive as to present a very

substantial likelihood for irreparable misidentification so as to deny Appellant due

process. Id. at 196.

                                               DISCUSSION

A. Identification by witness Flores in photo lineup

        The trial court conducted a hearing out of the jury’s presence on Appellant’s

objections that Flores’s identification was “the product of a faulty lineup procedure”

because the translator “was aware of who the two suspects were” and because the

lineups were “unduly suggestive or prejudicial.”3 On appeal, Appellant adds the

complaint that he “stands out from the other 5 pictures” in the photo lineup “by the

overgrown beard, whereas all the other 5 are clean shaven.” He argues that the

“significant beard” in his photo “ma[de] him stand out from the others and

influenc[ed] the victim’s choice.”

    3
      Appellant also argued that in one of the two lineups shown to Flores, Flores made a mistake, picking
out a person who the police then believed had been a passenger in the truck, but “who in fact later was
cleared of any involvement in the case.” The trial court ruled that this error “is certainly grist for the jury,
fodder for cross-examination,” but not grounds for excluding the evidence.
                                                    –11–
      Two police officers testified at the hearing. First, Officer Kevin McCown

testified that he acted as a “blind administrator” in the photo lineups shown to Flores

on March 20, 2018, explaining that “a blind administrator is somebody who has no

knowledge of the suspect, doesn’t know who the suspect is.” McCown testified that

he showed the lineups to Flores, who spoke only Spanish. Consequently, Detective

Olegario Conde acted as a translator. McCown testified that Flores identified

Appellant “as one of the suspects in the murder and assault.” On cross-examination,

McCown confirmed that he was not “otherwise involved with the investigation of

the case” and, at the time he presented the lineups, “had no idea who the suspects

were.” Further, McCown testified he did not know “prior to this moment” that one

of the suspects Flores identified “was later cleared of any involvement” in the case.

On redirect examination, McCown further explained the procedure he used in the

lineups:

      So first we have an admonition form which explains the process. That
      is read to them. Detective Conde interpreted it for the witness. Once I
      made sure that that was understood, what I do is I show each
      photograph one at a time. I ask that they don’t make any identifications
      the first time around. I want them to see all six photographs one at a
      time. And then on the second time, I ask, ask them to let me know if
      they identify anybody.

McCown then confirmed that in one of the lineups, Flores identified the driver of

the truck.

      Conde also testified at the hearing outside the jury’s presence. He is bilingual

in Spanish and English and was asked to translate during the lineup for Flores, who

                                        –12–
speaks only Spanish. He testified that he knew “who the suspects were” because he

assisted on traffic stops of a Ford Expedition and a tan Trailblazer, but described his

knowledge about the case as “just an overview,” explaining that “I wasn’t involved

directly in the case at all other than to conduct surveillance on some vehicles.” He

discussed State’s Exhibits 10 and 12, the video and photo lineup where he acted as

translator. He testified that he read the admonishment form to Flores “word-for-word

as stated on the form,” and gave the following instructions:

      I told victim [Flores] that I would show him a six-picture photo lineup
      one at a time and this lineup will be shown to him twice. The first time
      around I asked him not to say anything, don’t make any comments. And
      after the first time, when we did it again, I asked him, if you recognize
      anybody let us know.

      Conde testified that Flores did recognize someone on State’s Exhibit 12.

Conde “wasn’t 100 percent sure” the photo that Flores chose was “one of the

suspects.” He then explained the steps he took to make sure he did not unduly

influence Flores’s choice: “I didn’t make any gestures, nods, point, or anything at

all. I strictly read the admonishment form. And if I remember correctly, it was

actually Detective McCown who was actually flipping pages.” He did not touch the

lineup, turn the pages, or “add any extra verbiage to whatever McCown was telling

[Flores] to do.” Instead, he “strictly interpreted in Spanish.”

      The trial court concluded “that the pretrial identification procedure was not

impermissibly suggestive,” and overruled Appellant’s objections, permitting the

jury to hear testimony about Flores’s identification. Appellant now argues this ruling

                                         –13–
was error because he was the only suspect in the lineup with a “significant beard”

and because Conde knew he was the suspect. Appellant concedes that other

reliability factors favor the admission of Flores’s identification, noting that:

        (1)     Flores was present when Appellant’s truck drove by and he saw
                Appellant and Beltran exit the vehicle and get back in;

        (2)     Flores had a high degree of attention when he stood up as they
                argued with Appellant and Beltran;

        (3)     The prior description of the shooter was a light skinned Hispanic
                male with short hair in his early twenties;

        (4)     It appears this initial general description from the time of the
                confrontation was fairly certain; and

        (5)     The identification was made through the line-up on March 20,
                2018, four days after the confrontation.

Appellant argues, however, that Conde’s knowledge and Appellant’s “significant

beard” “contribute to the corrupting effect resulting in a substantial likelihood of

misidentification,” and that “this error was a contributing factor in the jury’s

deliberations in arriving at its verdict.”

        The photo lineup, State’s Exhibit 12, is included in our record.4 It reveals six

photographs of Hispanic men, none of whom has a beard. Appellant’s photo shows

at most a shadow on his chin, as do four of the other five photos. Thus, contrary to

Appellant’s contention, this feature did not render the lineup unduly suggestive.

Further, all of the photographs show men similar in age, race, features, and hair

    4
     Prior to submission of this appeal, we granted the State’s motion to supplement the Reporter’s Record
with color photographs of the lineup.
                                                 –14–
length, all identically dressed. The photos are the same size, have the same camera

angle, and appear to have been taken from the same distance under similar lighting.

Having reviewed the photographs, we conclude there is nothing distinctive about

Appellant’s photo in the lineup as compared to the others, nor did any facial hair

cause Appellant’s photo to stand out from the others in any significant way. We

conclude the photographic array was not impermissibly suggestive.

      Further, Appellant has cited no evidence to support his allegation that Conde’s

role as a translator influenced Flores’s identification. McCown, who handled the

photographs and administered the lineup, knew nothing about the case. Although

there was a video taken of the lineup and made a part of the record, Appellant does

not direct our attention to anything Conde said or did to support the allegation that

Conde somehow influenced Flores’s choice. Conde’s testimony was to the contrary,

and provided evidence to support the trial court’s ruling.

      Because Appellant has not established by clear and convincing evidence that

the pretrial procedure was impermissibly suggestive, we do not consider the second

step of the analysis. See Webb, 760 S.W.2d at 269 (court’s conclusion that the

challenged pretrial identification procedure was not impermissibly suggestive

obviates the need to consider whether it creates substantial likelihood of

misidentification); Balderas, 517 S.W.3d at 792 (defendant bears burden to establish

by clear and convincing evidence that the pretrial procedure was impermissibly

suggestive). We decide Appellant’s first issue against him.

                                        –15–
B. Identification by witness Hernandez in open court

       The record reflects that police showed Hernandez a photograph of Appellant

prior to trial. The trial court permitted Hernandez to identify Appellant in a hearing

out of the jury’s presence when Appellant was sitting at counsel table. At the hearing,

the trial court overruled Appellant’s objections that “this witness[ ] is only

identifying the defendant through a process by which the defendant is the only

person being presented to him” and “there was never any even purported

identification, independent or unbiased[,] or [any] process, that did not suggest the

result.”

       As detailed above, Hernandez testified before the jury that he saw a man

arguing with Sosa-Torres who was “putting his hand where his pocket is” and then

saw the man get back in the truck immediately before the shooting started. When

asked if he saw the man “in the courtroom today,” and could “point him out by an

article of clothing he’s wearing,” Hernandez responded, “This young man seems

familiar. Yes, he’s wearing a blue shirt.”

       In Delk v. State, 855 S.W.2d 700, 706 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993), overruled on

other grounds by Ex parte Moreno, 245 S.W.3d 419, 425 n.18 (Tex. Crim. App.

2008), the court concluded that showing a witness a single photograph of the

defendant “was impermissibly suggestive,” noting that “[i]t is possible that this

procedure suggested to [the witness] that the Sheriff believed appellant was the

person who killed her husband.” Id. The court continued, “However, this does not

                                        –16–
end our inquiry in determining the reliability of the in-court identification.” Id. The

court proceeded to address the five reliability factors discussed above and concluded

that the witness’s testimony “was reliable despite the unnecessarily suggestive

pretrial occurrence.” See id. at 706–08. Appellant argues that although the five

reliability factors “slightly favor” admission of Hernandez’s identification, the

identification was “highly tainted” by showing Appellant’s picture to Hernandez

before trial. We consider the factors:

      (1)    The witness’s opportunity to view the suspect at the time of the crime:
             Hernandez had the opportunity to view Appellant at the time of the
             crime, watching the argument from his second-floor apartment, and he
             was able to hear the argument taking place. He could see a man reach
             toward his pocket then return to the driver’s side of the truck
             immediately before the shooting began.

      (2)    The witness’s degree of attention: Although he was not personally
             involved, Hernandez was paying attention to the argument, was able to
             recount the substance of the argument and the sequence of events,
             identified the color and model of the vehicle, called 911 when the
             shooting began, and then went downstairs and into the ditch where
             Sosa-Torres fell to try to help. The shooting took place in front of
             Hernandez’s home, and he provided consistent, detailed testimony of
             what he saw and heard.

      (3)    The accuracy of the witness’s prior description of the criminal:
             Hernandez told the 911 operator that the shooter was an Hispanic male
             and described the shooter’s clothing, but was not asked for further detail
             in that call and was not interviewed by police at the scene.

      (4)    The level of certainty demonstrated by the witness at the confrontation:
             Hernandez’s identification, both in the hearing outside the jury’s
             presence and before the jury, was not definitive. At the initial hearing
             he said the person he saw at the time of the crime “looks like the, the
             young guy in the blue, but I’m not certain,” and before the jury, testified
             that Appellant “seems familiar.”

                                         –17–
        (5)     The length of time between the crime and the confrontation: Hernandez
                was not shown the photo of Appellant until a few weeks before trial,
                more than a year after the murder. Hernandez, however, was able to
                give a detailed account of the events during his testimony.

See Balderas, 517 S.W.3d at 792. Although Hernandez’s level of certainty and

nonspecific description weigh against the reliability of his identification, the other

factors support a conclusion that Hernandez’s identification in court was based

solely on what he observed at the scene, not on the photo he was shown prior to trial.

See Barley v. State, 906 S.W.2d 27, 35 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995) (identifications based

solely on witnesses’ observations at the scene were reliable and admissible).

Consequently, we conclude that no substantial likelihood of irreparable

misidentification was created so as to deny Appellant due process. See id. at 34–35.

        Even if these factors did not weigh in favor of admission, however, we would

conclude that the other evidence in the record renders the asserted error harmless.

See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(a).5 A constitutional error may be held harmless if there is

overwhelming untainted evidence to support the conviction. See Tijerina v. State,

334 S.W.3d 825, 835 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2011, pet. ref’d) (citing Harrington v.

California, 395 U.S. 250, 254 (1969)). We do not focus on the propriety of the trial’s

outcome, but calculate, to the degree possible, the probable impact of the error on

    5
      Appellate procedure rule 44.2(a) provides, “Constitutional Error. If the appellate record in a criminal
case reveals constitutional error that is subject to harmless error review, the court of appeals must reverse
a judgment of conviction or punishment unless the court determines beyond a reasonable doubt that the
error did not contribute to the conviction or punishment.”
                                                   –18–
the conviction in light of the existence of other evidence. See Wesbrook v. State, 29

S.W.3d 103, 119 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000).

        Here, overwhelming untainted evidence supports the jury’s verdict. Among

other evidence, the record shows that:

         Hernandez was not the only witness to identify Appellant. Most notably,
          Beltran testified6 that Appellant drove the truck, argued with the three men,
          fired the gun out the back window of the car, drove away, and attempted
          to hide the truck from street view.

         The State offered evidence that Appellant purchased the Smith & Wesson
          handgun that was recovered from a locked safe in Appellant’s bedroom.

         Ballistics analysis determined that Appellant’s handgun fired the bullets
          recovered from Sosa-Torres’s body and from Appellant’s mother’s Ford
          Expedition that Appellant was driving at the time of the murder.

         The State offered expert testimony about the location of gunshot residue
          found in the Expedition, supporting the testimony of Beltran and Martinez
          that the shooting came from the back-passenger window.

         Appellant’s cellphone was in the area of the shooting when it occurred.

         In sentencing Appellant, the trial court expressly relied on evidence of
          Appellant’s “subsequent behavior clearly showing that he wished that all
          three of his victims were dead,” not on Hernandez’s identification.

    6
      The trial court granted Appellant’s request to instruct the jury that a conviction cannot be had upon
the testimony of an accomplice unless corroborated by other evidence tending to connect the defendant to
the offense. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 38.14 (Testimony of accomplice). This rule requires only
“that there be other evidence tending to connect the defendant with the offense”; it is not derived from
constitutional principles defining sufficiency. Cathey v. State, 992 S.W.2d 460, 462–63 (Tex. Crim. App.
1999). Here, as we discuss, there was sufficient other evidence tending to connect Appellant to the offense,
and in any event, Appellant does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction.
Consequently, we consider Beltran’s corroborated testimony with the other evidence unrelated to
Hernandez’s identification. See, e.g., Balderas, 517 S.W.3d at 766 (appellate court considers all of the
evidence in determining sufficiency, whether properly or improperly admitted).

                                                  –19–
      We conclude that any error in admitting Hernandez’s identification of

Appellant did not contribute to Appellant’s conviction or punishment. See TEX. R.

APP. P. 44.2(a). We decide Appellant’s second issue against him.

C. Modification of Judgment

      Appellant also requests that we modify the judgment in Cause No.

F18-33424-V to correctly reflect the name of the trial judge, Michael Snipes. The

State concurs. We also note that the judgment in each cause incorrectly reflects that

punishment was assessed by the jury.

      We have the authority to modify an incorrect judgment where the necessary

data and information are available. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v. State, 865

S.W.2d 26, 27–28 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) (appellate courts have power to reform

judgments); Estrada v. State, 334 S.W.3d 57, 63 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.)

(“This Court has the power to modify an incorrect judgment to make the record

speak the truth when we have the necessary information to do so.”).

      Accordingly, we modify the judgment in Cause No. F18-33424-V to reflect

that the trial judge’s name is Michael Snipes, and we modify the judgments in each

cause number to reflect that punishment in each case was assessed by the trial judge.

                                   CONCLUSION

      We modify the trial court’s judgment in Cause No. F18-33424-V to reflect the

name of the presiding trial judge as “Michael Snipes,” and to reflect that punishment

was assessed by the trial judge. We modify the trial court’s judgments in Cause No.

                                       –20–
F18-33521-V and Cause No. F18-33524-V to reflect that punishment in each case

was assessed by the trial judge. As modified, we affirm the trial court’s judgments.

                                           /Leslie Osborne/
                                           LESLIE OSBORNE
                                           JUSTICE

Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)

191438F.U05

                                       –21–
                                   S
                            Court of Appeals
                     Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                  JUDGMENT

ALEX CARCAMO, Appellant                       On Appeal from the 292nd Judicial
                                              District Court, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-19-01438-CR          V.                Trial Court Cause No. F18-33424-V.
                                              Opinion delivered by Justice
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee                  Osborne. Justices Myers and Carlyle
                                              participating.

   Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
MODIFIED as follows:

      To reflect (1) the name of the trial judge as “Michael Snipes,” and (2) that
      punishment was assessed by the trial judge, not the jury.

As MODIFIED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.

Judgment entered March 1, 2021

                                       –22–
                                  S
                           Court of Appeals
                    Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                 JUDGMENT

ALEX CARCAMO, Appellant                       On Appeal from the 292nd Judicial
                                              District Court, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-19-01439-CR          V.                Trial Court Cause No. F18-33521-V.
                                              Opinion delivered by Justice
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee                  Osborne. Justices Myers and Carlyle
                                              participating.

   Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
MODIFIED as follows:

      To reflect that punishment was assessed by the trial judge.

As MODIFIED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.

Judgment entered March 1, 2021

                                       –23–
                                  S
                           Court of Appeals
                    Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                 JUDGMENT

ALEX CARCAMO, Appellant                       On Appeal from the 292nd Judicial
                                              District Court, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-19-01440-CR          V.                Trial Court Cause No. F18-33524-V.
                                              Opinion delivered by Justice
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee                  Osborne. Justices Myers and Carlyle
                                              participating.

   Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
MODIFIED as follows:

      To reflect that punishment was assessed by the trial judge.

As MODIFIED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.

Judgment entered March 1, 2021

                                       –24–