Court Opinion

ID: 49628
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-26 00:29:47+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:41.288065
License: Public Domain

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

             IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                               FILED
                                                      U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                                        ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                            JUNE 20, 2006
                            No. 05-16308
                                                         THOMAS K. KAHN
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                                                              CLERK

                 D. C. Docket No. 02-00080-CV-CAR-3

BRIDGE CAPITAL INVESTORS II,

                                               Plaintiff-Counter-
                                               Defendant-Appellee,

    versus

PRESTON W. SMALL,

                                               Defendant-Counter-
                                               Claimant-Appellant,

SUSQUEHANNA RADIO CORP.,

                                               Defendant-Counter-
                                               Defendant.

               Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Middle District of Georgia

                             (June 20, 2006)
Before ANDERSON, BIRCH and DUBINA, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

       Defendant, Preston W. Small (“Small”), appeals the district court’s order

granting summary judgment in favor of Plaintiff, Bridge Capital Investors, III

(“BCI”), as to Small’s counterclaims for breach of contract and specific

performance. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

                                I. BACKGROUND

       On February 12, 1990, Small entered into a contract (“Small Agreement”)

with Emerald Broadcasting of the South, Inc. (“Emerald”) and Crown

Broadcasting (“Crown”), which were owned by Thomas Gammon (“Gammon”).

Under the Small Agreement, Small received $2 million in exchange for his

agreement not to “interfere or conflict with or delay” certain relocation plans for

Emerald’s radio station WHMA-FM (“the Station”). The Small Agreement further

provided that Emerald was to pay Small an additional $1 million if Emerald sold

the Station to a person or entity in which Emerald, Crown, or Gammon held no

interest.

       In January of 1991, Emerald merged with Sapphire Broadcasting, Inc., and

the name of the resulting corporation became Sapphire Broadcasting, Inc.

(“Sapphire”). On May 12, 1994, Gammon, the sole stockholder of Sapphire,

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transferred all of his shares in Sapphire to BCI. BCI was the successor-in-interest

to all of the original rights and responsibilities of Emerald under the Small

Agreement, including the $1 million payment obligation, which Small seeks from

BCI in his counterclaims. On November 6, 1996, Sapphire entered into an

agreement to sell the assets of the Sation to Susquehanna Radio Corp.

(“Susquehanna”).

      In December of 1996, Small consented to the filing with the FCC of a

station relocation petition for his station, WPWS, by his assignee, Scott’s Trail

Radio (“Scott’s Trail”), and Scott’s Trail concurrently filed a petition to dismiss

the Emerald/Sapphire petition to relocate the Station. As a result of Scott’s Trail’s

petition to dismiss, the FCC dismissed Emerald/Sapphire’s petition to relocate the

Station.

      BCI filed suit against Small for breach of contract alleging that Small

breached the Small Agreement by filing relocation petitions with the FCC that

interfered with and conflicted with the relocation plans of the Station. Small filed

counterclaims alleging that BCI breached the Small Agreement by failing to pay

the $1 million additional payment in 1994 when Gammon transferred control of

Emerald/Sapphire to BCI, in 1997 when BCI assigned the Station to Susquehanna,

and in 2001 when Susquehanna commenced operation of the Station in Atlanta,

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and seeks specific performance of the Small Agreement. Small additionally

asserted a counterclaim for fraudulent inducement. The district court granted

BCI’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to Small’s counterclaims, holding that

they were barred by the statute of limitations and failed as a matter of law. After

reviewing the record and reading the parties’ briefs, we agree.

                                     II. DISCUSSION

       In this case we consider whether the district court erred in granting

summary judgment in favor of BCI as to Small’s counterclaims for breach of

contract and specific performance.1 We review the district court’s grant of

summary judgment de novo. Green v. Union Foundry Co., 281 F.3d 1229, 1233

(11th Cir. 2002).

       Small’s counterclaim for breach of contract alleging that BCI breached the

Small Agreement in 1994 when Small was not paid the $1 million is barred by the

applicable six year statute of limitations found in O.C.G.A. § 9-3-24, providing

that “[a]ll actions upon simple contracts in writing shall be brought within six

years after the same become due and payable.” The $1 million obligation would

       1
        Small failed to provide any argument to this court as to why the district court erred in
granting summary judgment against Small as to his counterclaim for fraudulent inducement, and thus
such argument is deemed abandoned. See Love v. Deal, 5 F.3d 1406, 1407 n.1 (11th Cir. 1993).

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have become payable on May 12, 1994, when the alleged breach occurred, and

thus, the statute of limitations ran on May 12, 2000. See Gamble v. Lovett Sch.,

350 S.E.2d 311, 312 (Ga. Ct. App. 1986) (holding that the time of breach controls

in contract actions for statute of limitations purposes). Small did not attempt to

bring a claim for the alleged 1994 breach until November 19, 2002, over two and a

half years after the statute of limitations ran. Accordingly, his counterclaim for

breach of contract for BCI’s alleged breach in 1994 is time-barred.

       The Small Agreement is not a severable contract because the contractual

obligation at issue is a single sum certain to be paid in a lump sum, and thus Small

cannot seek to recover for alleged subsequent breaches in 1997 and 2001. See

Carswell v. Oconee Reg’l Med. Ctr., Inc., 605 S.E.2d 879, 881 (Ga. Ct. App.

2004). However, even if we accept Small’s argument on appeal that a breach did

not occur in 1994, but rather in 1997 when BCI sold the Station to Susquehanna,

we agree with the district court that Small’s counterclaims still fail as a matter of

law.

       The district court held that because Small began acting contrary to the

agreement’s non-compete provision in 1996 by his FCC filings, he cannot seek to

recover for BCI’s alleged subsequent breach in 1997 or 2001. See Corrosion

Control, Inc. v. William Armstrong Smith Co., 251 S.E.2d 49, 50 (Ga. Ct. App.

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1978) (holding that “[t]o recover damages, a party who bases his action on an

express contract must have performed all his obligations under the contract.”).

Small does not argue that he did not breach the contract in 1996, but contends that

the non-compete provision is an invalid basis for alleging he breached the contract

because it violates O.C.G.A. § 13-8-2, prohibiting contracts against public policy.

We agree with the district court that “if this provision, which is the essence of the

Small Agreement, is not valid, then the entire agreement including the $1 [million]

obligation is also void.” Accordingly, under such argument Small’s counterclaims

would fail because there would be no contract upon which to sue.

      Finally, Small argues that he could not have breached the contract in

December 1996 by making FCC filings because the Small Agreement set forth a

six-year “performance period,” which he asserts caused the agreement to terminate

by its own terms on February 12, 1996, six years after the execution of the contract

in 1990. Applying Small’s argument, his counterclaims for BCI’s breach of

contract in 1997 and 2001 and specific performance must fail as a matter of law

because the agreement terminated in 1996.

      Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment in

favor of BCI as to Small’s counterclaims.

      AFFIRMED.

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