Court Opinion

ID: 4639410
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-12-03 22:03:48.01178+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:58:56.070043
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                   2020 IL App (4th) 200043                     December 3, 2020
                                                                                   Carla Bender
                                        NO. 4-20-0043                           th
                                                                               4 District Appellate
                                                                                    Court, IL
                                IN THE APPELLATE COURT

                                         OF ILLINOIS

                                     FOURTH DISTRICT

NEW PLANET ENERGY DEVELOPMENT LLC, NPE )             Appeal from the
HOLDINGS LLC, and NPE STONY POINT LAND         )     Circuit Court of
LLC,                                           )     Sangamon County
            Plaintiffs-Appellants,             )     No.18L80
            v.                                 )
PATRICK MAGEE SR.; PATRICK MAGEE JR.; MBC )
CONTRACTOR, INC.; MBC HOLDING LLC; LLS         )     Honorable
HOLDING LLC; and KBT PROPERTIES, LTD.,         )     John W. Belz,
            Defendants-Appellees.              )     Judge Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

              JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
              Presiding Justice Steigmann and Justice DeArmond concurred in the judgment
              and opinion.
                                         OPINION

¶1            In April 2018, plaintiffs—New Planet Energy Development LLC, NPE Holdings

LLC, and NPE Stony Point Land LLC—brought a cause of action in the circuit court of Sangamon

County, Illinois, against defendants—Patrick Magee Sr.; Patrick Magee Jr.; MBC Contractor, Inc.;

MBC Holding LLC; LLS Holding LLC; and KBT Properties, LTD.—alleging breach of contract,

breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing, fraud, and unjust enrichment. In January 2020,

the circuit court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss on forum non conveniens grounds, finding

Rockland County, New York, was the more appropriate forum. Plaintiffs appeal, arguing the court

should not have addressed the merits of defendants’ forum non conveniens motion because it was

untimely under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 187 (eff. Jan. 1, 2018) and defendants failed to show
“good cause” for extending the filing deadline for their motion pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court

Rule 183 (eff. Feb. 16, 2011). Alternatively, plaintiffs contend the relevant public and private

interest factors for consideration did not favor granting defendants’ motion and, thus, the court

abused its discretion. We reverse and remand for further proceedings.

¶2                                        I. BACKGROUND

¶3                According to the pleadings, plaintiffs are a group of companies that develop

“long-term solutions” for the disposal of municipal solid waste, including “converting

post-recycled [municipal solid waste] into renewable solid recovered fuel and clean bio-fuels.” In

September 2015, the parties entered into an agreement regarding plaintiffs’ development of a solid

waste processing facility on properties owned by defendants in Stony Point, New York (the Stony

Point project).

¶4                As indicated, on April 26, 2018, plaintiffs filed their complaint against defendants

in the circuit court of Sangamon County. They alleged the parties’ agreement provided for

plaintiffs’ purchase of a 50% interest in defendants’ properties through installment payments

totaling $3,700,000, and with plaintiffs receiving a pro rata share of ownership of the land based

on payments made, a lease option, and defendants’ receipt of a 5% equity interest in plaintiffs’

companies, including “all future projects (NY, NJ, CA and more) ***.” Plaintiffs maintained that,

although they performed under the parties’ agreement by paying defendants “$3,600,000 in

exchange for ownership and leasehold rights in” defendants’ properties, defendants failed to

provide plaintiffs with “anything in return,” including any ownership rights in the subject

properties. Plaintiffs sought to recover damages from defendants, restitution for payments they

made to defendants, or specific performance under the terms of the parties’ contract.

                                                  -2-
¶5               In their complaint, plaintiffs additionally alleged they were each organized under

Delaware law, with a principal place of business in Springfield, Illinois. They asserted that,

collectively, they had “numerous investors, more of whom are from *** Illinois than any other

state.” Plaintiffs represented that defendants were either individuals who were New York residents

or entities organized under New York law with principal places of business in that state. They

maintained that venue was proper in Illinois, asserting the case involved “extensive contacts” with

Illinois, including that plaintiffs had more investors from Illinois than any other state; their vice

chairman and treasurer, Jay Johnson, resided in Springfield, Illinois, and was “responsible for

managing [plaintiffs’] strategy and operations from [their] Springfield place of business”;

defendant Patrick Magee Jr. attended at least one meeting with Johnson in Springfield in March

2017 in connection with the Stony Point project; defendants conducted multiple telephone

conferences with Johnson in Springfield; and defendants’ agents otherwise communicated

extensively with Johnson in Springfield.

¶6               On July 16, 2018, defendants filed a “Consent Motion for Extension of Time to

Respond to Plaintiffs’ Complaint.” They alleged their responsive pleading was due that day and

requested a 14-day extension of time, to July 30, 2018, to file their pleading. According to

defendants, plaintiffs agreed to their request. The record does not contain a ruling on defendants’

motion but does show that they filed their answer on July 30, 2018, along with various affirmative

defenses and counterclaims for fraud, tortious interference, breach of contract, and breach of the

covenant of good faith and fair dealing. On August 30, 2018, plaintiffs filed motions to strike and

dismiss defendants’ affirmative defenses and to dismiss their counterclaims, arguing they were not

properly pled.

                                                -3-
¶7             On December 7, 2018, defendants filed a “Consent Motion,” seeking leave to file

an amended answer, affirmative defenses, and counterclaims to plaintiffs’ complaint. They

asserted plaintiffs consented to an amended pleading; attached their amended answer, affirmative

defenses, and counterclaims as an exhibit to their filing; and asked the circuit court to enter an

order accepting their amended pleading as being filed as of the date of their motion. The record

contains neither a court ruling on defendants’ motion nor a file-stamped amended answer,

affirmative defenses, and counterclaims.

¶8             Nevertheless, on January 7, 2019, plaintiffs filed a response to defendants’

amended affirmative defenses. On January 10, 2019, they again moved to dismiss defendants’

amended counterclaims. On April 10, 2019, the circuit court conducted a hearing in the matter, at

which it granted plaintiffs’ motion to dismiss defendants’ counterclaims but allowed defendants

28 days to refile, i.e., until May 8, 2019. On the date of their refiling deadline, defendants moved

for an extension of time to May 15, 2019. The court granted defendants’ motion, and, on May 15,

2019, they filed their second amended counterclaims. Once again, plaintiffs moved to dismiss

defendants’ counterclaims.

¶9             On September 3, 2019, while plaintiffs’ motion to dismiss defendants’ second

amended counterclaims was pending, defendants filed a motion to dismiss plaintiffs’ complaint on

forum non conveniens grounds. They maintained the parties’ dispute was “only tenuously

connected to Sangamon County, Illinois” and, instead, should be litigated in Rockland County,

New York. Defendants argued relevant factors for consideration favored New York as the proper

forum over Illinois, asserting they had no ties to Illinois and were New York residents or entities

organized under New York law; plaintiffs lacked a central location in that they were organized

                                               -4-
under Delaware law, utilized a California address on both an application related to the Stony Point

project and their website, and had individual members that were “scattered across the United

States, including within New York”; plaintiffs’ representatives made numerous trips to New York

in connection with the Stony Point project and regularly and consistently conducted business out

of an office located on one of defendants’ New York properties; plaintiffs instituted actions in New

York “by placing Notices of Pendency against” the properties at issue; the subject matter of the

case concerned the purchase and development of New York property; and relevant evidence and

all nonparty witnesses were located in New York.

¶ 10           Defendants     also     anticipated    that   plaintiffs   would   challenge    their

forum non conveniens motion as untimely under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 187(a) (eff. Jan. 1,

2018). They argued, however, that their motion should be “considered as timely” because their

“responsive pleading” to plaintiffs’ complaint remained unsettled due to the “cycle” of motions to

dismiss and amendments that had occurred in connection with their affirmative defenses and

counterclaims. They asserted the 90-day time limit for filing a forum non conveniens motion set

forth in Rule 187(a) should not begin to run until the circuit court denied plaintiffs’ motion to

dismiss their second amended counterclaims. Alternatively, defendants argued that the circuit

court could relax Rule 187(a)’s time requirements under Rule 183 for “good cause” shown. They

maintained they met that standard because the case was “still in the pleading stage and had not

progressed beyond [their] [a]nswer.”

¶ 11           Defendants attached various documents to their forum non conveniens filing,

including answers to interrogatories they received from plaintiffs that contained information

regarding the location of plaintiffs’ members. Plaintiffs’ interrogatory answers were sent

                                                -5-
electronically to defendants’ counsel on February 28, 2019.

¶ 12           As defendants anticipated, plaintiffs responded to defendants’ motion to dismiss on

forum non conveniens grounds by arguing it was untimely under Rule 187(a). They asserted

defendants presented no case authority to support the claim that “amending over counterclaims

when the complaint ha[d] not changed can perpetually restart [d]efendants’ deadline to file a

motion based on the doctrine of forum non conveniens.” Plaintiffs also maintained that any lack of

progress in the case (1) was occasioned by defendants through discovery disputes and the repeated

amendments of their counterclaims and (2) could not serve as a basis for “relax[ing]” the 90-day

time limit set forth in Rule 187(a). Alternatively, plaintiffs argued that the factors relevant to a

determination of a forum non conveniens motion did not weigh in favor of dismissing their

complaint.

¶ 13           On September 17, 2019, the circuit court conducted a hearing in the matter, and the

parties presented argument regarding the timeliness of defendants’ forum non conveniens motion.

At the hearing, defendants acknowledged that the 90-day time period set forth in Rule 187(a) for

the filing of such motions had expired but asserted that the pleadings in the case had not been

“finalized” and, pursuant to Rule 183, the court had discretion to extend the filing deadline. As a

basis for their delay in filing, defendants maintained they had been unaware of plaintiffs’ Illinois

contacts and “asked for limited discovery” regarding plaintiffs’ members and their connection with

Illinois. They asserted that after finding such contacts “d[id]n’t exist,” they filed their

forum non conveniens motion.

¶ 14           Plaintiffs argued that defendants’ motion was clearly untimely, noting that, not only

was it not filed within 90 days of defendants’ original answer, but it was also not filed within 90

                                               -6-
days of either of defendants’ amended filings. They also asserted that relevant case authority did

not support defendants’ assertion that “new discovery” extends the filing deadline under Rule 187.

Further, plaintiffs pointed out that they responded to defendants’ “limited discovery” requests in

February    2019,   more    than    six   months    before    defendants    ultimately    filed   their

forum non conveniens motion.

¶ 15           The circuit court took the matter under advisement and allowed the parties time to

submit additional case authority on the timeliness issue. On October 15, 2019, the court made a

docket entry, setting forth its determination that defendants had not “waived” their right to proceed

on their forum non conveniens motion. It stated as follows:

               “The Case has not progressed beyond the pleading stage and the Limited Discovery

               appears to have focused on the Plaintiff’s [sic] ties to Illinois. The Court finds under

               the special facts of this Case it is appropriate to exercise its equitable powers to

               extend the Deadline to allow the Defendants to file their Motion and conduct a

               hearing as to whether Sangamon County is the proper forum.”

¶ 16           On December 3, 2019, the circuit court conducted a hearing to address the merits

of defendants’ forum non conveniens motion. Following argument by the parties, the court granted

the motion. On January 6, 2020, the court entered a written order granting defendants’ motion to

dismiss without prejudice and “subject to [plaintiffs’ complaint] being refiled in the Supreme Court

of the State of New York, Rockland County within six months.”

¶ 17           This appeal followed.

¶ 18                                      II. ANALYSIS

¶ 19           On appeal, plaintiffs argue the circuit court erred by granting defendants’

                                                -7-
forum non conveniens motion. They contend the court should not have addressed the merits of the

motion because it was untimely under the 90-day limitation set forth in Rule 187 and defendants

failed to show “good cause” for extending the filing deadline under Rule 183. As stated, plaintiffs

alternatively argue the court abused its discretion in granting the motion because the relevant

forum non conveniens factors did not favor the dismissal of their complaint.

¶ 20           Before addressing the issues raised on appeal relative to defendants’

forum non conveniens motion, we are compelled to comment on the procedure undertaken by

defendants below when seeking an extension of the filing deadline for their initial answer and

leave to file their amended answer. In both instances, defendants filed what they titled a “Consent

Motion,” which ostensibly sought leave of the circuit court for their desired action and contained

an allegation that plaintiffs had no objection. However, the record fails to reflect defendants ever

obtained a ruling on either motion. Further, we note defendants’ amended answer appears only as

an exhibit to their second “Consent Motion” rather than as an independently filed document. We

caution that this is a dubious practice and one that casts doubt on the proper filing of their

pleadings. Nevertheless, because the court and the parties proceeded as if defendants’ motions

were allowed and because the matter is not at issue on appeal, we will decide the issues presented

assuming both defendants’ answer and amended answer were properly filed.

¶ 21           Turning to the merits of plaintiffs’ appeal, we note “[f]orum non conveniens is an

equitable doctrine founded in considerations of fundamental fairness and the sensible and effective

administration of justice.” Langenhorst v. Norfolk Southern Ry. Co., 219 Ill. 2d 430, 441, 848

N.E.2d 927, 934 (2006). The doctrine assumes that more than one forum has the authority to hear

a case and allows a court to decline jurisdiction “if it appears that another forum can better serve

                                               -8-
the convenience of the parties and the ends of justice.” Fennell v. Illinois Central R.R. Co., 2012

IL 113812, ¶ 12, 987 N.E.2d 355. Under Rule 187(a), “[a] motion to dismiss or transfer the action

under the doctrine of forum non conveniens must be filed by a party not later than 90 days after

the last day allowed for the filing of that party’s answer.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 187(a) (eff. Jan.1, 2018).

¶ 22            “When construing a rule of the supreme court, a court’s primary goal is to ascertain

and give effect to the intent of the drafters.” Ferris, Thompson & Zweig, Ltd. v. Esposito, 2017 IL

121297, ¶ 22, 90 N.E.3d 400. “The most reliable indicator of that intent is the language used, given

its plain and ordinary meaning.” Id. Here, the plain language of Rule 187(a) is clear and

unambiguous, providing that “the 90-day time limit is triggered by the deadline set for ‘the last

day allowed for the filing of’ ” the moving party’s answer. Miller v. Consolidated Rail Corp., 173

Ill. 2d 252, 259-60, 671 N.E.2d 39, 43-44 (1996) (finding Rule 187(a) did not proscribe

consideration of the defendants’ forum non conveniens motion where “the circuit court did not set

a deadline for the filing of [the] defendant’s answer, and *** [the] defendant did not file an

answer”) (quoting Ill. S. Ct. R. 187(a) (eff. Aug. 1, 1986)).

¶ 23            The record in this case indicates July 30, 2018, was “the last day allowed for the

filing” of defendants’ answer to plaintiffs’ complaint. Further, defendants, in fact, filed their

answer on that date. Their motion to dismiss on forum non conveniens grounds was not filed until

more than a year later, on September 3, 2019.

¶ 24            On appeal, defendants argue that Rule 187(a)’s “90-day clock” never started

because their “responsive pleading was still unsettled.” They note plaintiffs objected to affirmative

defenses and counterclaims contained within their original answer, amended counterclaims

contained within their amended answer, and their second amended counterclaims. Also, they

                                                 -9-
argue, plaintiffs’ motion to dismiss their second amended counterclaims remained pending at the

time they filed their forum non conveniens motion.

¶ 25            We note, however, that defendants ultimately fail to cite any legal authority to

support their contention that the relevant 90-day period is paused until the resolution of a pending

challenge to a defendant’s answer or, as in this case, a defendant’s second amended counterclaims.

The rule clearly does not provide for such a tolling period. Instead, as stated, “the 90-day time

limit is triggered by the deadline set for ‘the last day allowed for the filing of’ ” the moving party’s

answer. (Emphasis added.) Id. at 259 (quoting Ill. S. Ct. R. 187(a) (eff. Aug. 1, 1986)).

¶ 26            Additionally, the plain and explicit language of Rule 187(a) refers only to the last

day allowed for the filing of a moving “party’s answer,” not an amended answer or other filing.

Ill. S. Ct. R. 187(a) (eff. Jan. 1, 2018). Certainly, where the circuit court grants a defendant an

extension of time for the filing of his or her answer, Rule 187(a)’s 90-day time limit would not

begin to run until the last day of that extended deadline. Also, Rule 187(a) has been held to refer

to a defendant’s “answer” to a plaintiff’s “amended complaint” that raises new matter in a case.

See Ellis v. AAR Parts Trading, Inc., 357 Ill. App. 3d 723, 738, 828 N.E.2d 726, 739 (2005) (“[A]

new challenge to forum is appropriate when new matter, new parties, or new causes of action or

theories are brought forth in an amended complaint.”). However, to permit a restarting of the 90-

day period in Rule 187(a) any time a defendant files an amended pleading could easily result in

the filing of a forum non conveniens motion long after the parties have otherwise engaged in

substantial litigation in a case. See 735 ILCS 5/2-616(a) (West 2016) (permitting amendments by

parties “[a]t any time before final judgment *** on just and reasonable terms”). Such an

interpretation would thwart the purpose of Rule 187(a), which is “to provide for the timely filing

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of motions on forum non conveniens grounds.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 187, Committee Comments (rev. Feb.

21, 1986).

¶ 27            Moreover, even if we were to find that a defendant’s amended pleadings are

contemplated by Rule 187(a), defendant’s forum non conveniens motion in the instant case would

still   be   untimely   under    the   rule.   Specifically,   defendants’    September   3,   2019,

forum non conveniens motion was filed in excess of 90 days after both their December 7, 2018,

amended answer and the May 15, 2019, filing deadline for their second amended counterclaims.

Accordingly, we agree with plaintiffs and find defendants’ motion to dismiss based on the doctrine

of forum non conveniens was untimely filed under Rule 187(a).

¶ 28            On appeal, defendants alternatively concede that the 90-day period for filing their

forum non conveniens motion had “technically expired” but argue that the circuit court had

authority under Rule 183 to extend that 90-day deadline. They maintain the court appropriately

exercised that authority in this case. Plaintiffs respond that the court abused its discretion by

granting defendants an extension of time under Rule 183 because defendants failed to meet the

requirements of that rule. We agree with plaintiffs.

¶ 29            Rule 183 provides:

                        “The court, for good cause shown on motion after notice to the opposite

                party, may extend the time for filing any pleading or the doing of any act which is

                required by the rules to be done within a limited period, either before or after the

                expiration of the time.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 183 (eff. Feb. 16, 2011).

“[T]he plain language of Rule 183 specifically makes good cause a prerequisite to relief, and that

the burden of establishing good cause rests on the party seeking relief under Rule 183.” Vision

                                                 - 11 -
Point of Sale, Inc. v. Haas, 226 Ill. 2d 334, 353, 875 N.E.2d 1065, 1078 (2007).

¶ 30            To be entitled to a deadline extension under Rule 183, the moving party “must

submit to the court clear, objective reasons why it was unable to meet the original deadline and

why an extension of time should be granted.” Id. at 347-48. “The circuit court may receive

evidence with respect to whether the party’s original delinquency was caused by mistake,

inadvertence, or attorney neglect, but may not engage in an open-ended inquiry which considers

conduct that is unrelated to the causes of the party’s original noncompliance.” Id. at 353.

Consequently, “issues dealing with the nonmoving party—such as whether the nonmovant was

inconvenienced or suffered prejudice—[are] not the proper inquiry in ruling on a Rule 183

motion.” Id. at 350. In other words, “good cause is not synonymous with the nonmovant’s lack of

harm.” Id.

¶ 31            Ultimately, what constitutes good cause under Rule 183 “is fact-dependent and

rests within the sound discretion of the circuit court.” Id. at 353. “Absent an abuse of discretion,

the decision of the circuit court on this issue will not be disturbed.” Id. at 354.

¶ 32            Here, both before the circuit court and on appeal, defendants have suggested that

good cause existed for an extension of time to file their forum non conveniens motion under Rule

183 because (1) factors relevant to a determination of the most appropriate forum overwhelmingly

favored their choice of forum, New York, (2) the underlying litigation had not progressed beyond

the pleading stage, and (3) they delayed in filing their motion due to the need to conduct discovery

to determine plaintiffs’ Illinois contacts. Further, the circuit court appears to have relied on at least

the last two bases in allowing the late filing of defendants’ motion, noting in its ruling that “[t]he

Case ha[d] not progressed beyond the pleading stage” and defendants conducted “Limited

                                                 - 12 -
Discovery” that appeared “to have focused on the Plaintiff’s [sic] ties to Illinois.” Ultimately,

although there is no doubt that Rule 183 may be applied to extend the 90-day filing deadline set

forth by Rule 187(a), we find none of defendants’ asserted bases was sufficient to establish good

cause for such an extension in this case.

¶ 33           As stated, the party seeking to extend a filing deadline under Rule 183 “must submit

to the court clear, objective reasons why it was unable to meet the original deadline and why an

extension of time should be granted.” Id. at 347-48. Defendants do not claim that either the ultimate

alleged merit of their forum non conveniens motion or the unresolved challenge to their

counterclaims resulted in their inability to comply with the 90-day time limit set forth in Rule

187(a). We can find no logical nexus between those asserted bases and defendants’ noncompliance

with the rule. Further, defendants’ repeated assertions that the litigation between the parties

remained in the “pleading stage” essentially amounts to an assertion that plaintiffs would not be

harmed or prejudiced by a deadline extension. However, as discussed, whether plaintiffs would be

inconvenienced, harmed, or suffer prejudice from an extension of time is “not the proper inquiry

in ruling on a Rule 183 motion.” Id. at 350.

¶ 34           Additionally, although defendants suggest they delayed in filing their

forum non conveniens motion due to the need to conduct discovery and obtain information related

to plaintiffs’ members, as plaintiffs point out, Rule 187(b) specifically provides that “[h]earings

on motions to dismiss or transfer the action under the doctrine of forum non conveniens shall be

scheduled so as to allow the parties sufficient time to conduct discovery on issues of fact raised by

such motions.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 187(b) (eff. Jan. 1, 2018). In this instance, the record reflects

defendants had knowledge of most of the facts relevant to, and ultimately alleged in, their

                                               - 13 -
forum non conveniens motion from the outset of the case. For example, prior to conducting any

discovery, defendants knew of their own lack of Illinois contacts, plaintiffs’ claims regarding their

Illinois contacts as alleged in their complaint, plaintiffs’ prior utilization of a California address,

and the underlying circumstances of the Stony Point project in New York. They provide no reason

why they could not have timely filed their forum non conveniens motion based on the information

they already possessed and, thereafter, conduct “limited discovery” on specific factual issues

related to their motion.

¶ 35           Moreover, the record shows that the discovery request that defendants argue

occasioned their delay was responded to by plaintiffs in February 2019, over six months before

defendants’ forum non conveniens motion was filed. Defendants provide no excuse for that

six-month delay in filing. Given these circumstances, defendants have failed to meet their burden

of establishing good cause under Rule 183.

¶ 36           Finally, the case authority cited by defendants on appeal is inapposite. Defendants

rely most heavily on In re Marriage of Clark, 232 Ill. App. 3d 342, 597 N.E.2d 240 (1992). There,

the parties’ dissolution case was commenced in Illinois, where both resided. Id. at 344. Prior to

trial in October 1989, the husband moved to Massachusetts. Id. In November 1989, a judgment of

dissolution was entered. Id. In December 1989, the wife, who largely refused to participate in the

proceedings, also moved to Massachusetts. Id. at 345. The same month, she moved to vacate the

trial court’s judgment, alleging she was mentally ill and failed to comprehend the meaning of the

dissolution proceedings. Id. In November 1990, the court granted the wife’s motion, vacated the

dissolution judgment, ordered a new trial, and allowed the wife 14 days to file an amended answer

to the husband’s dissolution petition. Id. Within the time allotted for filing her amended answer,

                                                - 14 -
the wife moved for a dismissal on forum non conveniens grounds, alleging Massachusetts was the

more appropriate forum. Id. The court granted the wife’s motion, and the husband appealed. Id. at

346.

¶ 37           On review, the Second District affirmed the trial court’s judgment and rejected the

husband’s argument that the wife’s forum non conveniens motion was untimely under Rule 187.

Id. at 350. In so holding, it declined “to read Rule 187 as an absolute prohibition against filing

such a motion beyond the limit prescribed, particularly in light of Supreme Court Rule 183.” Id.

Regarding the specific facts of the case before it, the court noted the following:

                       “It is true that, when the instant cause commenced, there were not yet two

               appropriate forums and so there would have been no basis for a

               forum non conveniens motion. It was only when the parties all subsequently moved

               to Massachusetts and the court ordered a new trial that the convenience of

               Massachusetts as the second forum became evident. [The wife’s] motion for

               dismissal was made very shortly after the court granted the new trial.” Id.

It concluded that “[t]he court’s act in allowing [the wife] to file her forum non conveniens motion

was within the discretion afforded it under Rule 183, and, therefore, *** it was timely filed.” Id.

¶ 38           The circumstances of the present case are obviously distinguishable from Clark.

Although in Clark the wife’s forum non conveniens motion was not filed within the time limits of

Rule 187, relief was appropriate under Rule 183 due to changed circumstances in the case that

raised, for the first time, the issue of a second appropriate forum. Significantly, the wife also filed

her forum non conveniens motion “very shortly” after those changed circumstances became

“evident.” Here, the question of more than one appropriate forum—Illinois or New York—was

                                                - 15 -
present at the outset of the case, and thus, a basis for the filing of a forum non conveniens motion

existed at all times during the underlying proceedings. There simply was no change in

circumstances relative to the forum non conveniens issue. Accordingly, Clark does not support the

timeliness of defendants’ motion in this case. Other cases defendants rely upon are similarly

distinguishable. See Eads v. Consolidated Rail Corp., 365 Ill. App. 3d 19, 29, 847 N.E.2d 601,

611 (2006) (finding that a “new set of circumstances,” including the grant of a new trial without

Illinois parties who were previously involved in the case, warranted “renewed consideration of

whether Illinois was” the most appropriate forum); Chochorowski v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc., 376

Ill. App. 3d 167, 171-72, 875 N.E.2d 682, 687 (2007) (holding a forum non conveniens motion

was timely based on an amendment to the complaint that “changed the cause of action under which

the plaintiff was proceeding to a cause of action under the Missouri statute,” a matter of “major

relevance to the issue of forum non conveniens,” and where the court’s order granting the motion

to amend the complaint did not set a deadline for the defendants’ answer or responsive pleading).

¶ 39           Here, we do not dispute that the doctrine of forum non conveniens is an equitable

one or that, in the circuit court’s discretion and under appropriate circumstances, e.g., where good

cause is established, Rule 183 may be applied to extend the 90-day filing deadline set forth in Rule

187(a). However, “equity aids the vigilant and not those who sleep on their rights.” Bell v.

Louisville & Nashville R.R. Co., 106 Ill. 2d 135, 146, 478 N.E.2d 384, 389 (1985). In this case,

defendants failed to comply with Rule 187(a)’s filing deadline and otherwise failed to establish

“good cause” under Rule 183 for their noncompliance. As a result, we find defendants’ motion to

dismiss plaintiffs’ complaint based on forum non conveniens was untimely and the circuit court

abused its discretion in considering and granting the motion.

                                               - 16 -
¶ 40                               III. CONCLUSION

¶ 41          For the reasons stated, we reverse the circuit court’s judgment and remand for

further proceedings.

¶ 42          Reversed and remanded.

                                           - 17 -
                                 No. 4-20-0043

Cite as:                 New Planet Energy Development LLC v. Magee, 2020 IL App
                         (4th) 200043

Decision Under Review:   Appeal from the Circuit Court of Sangamon County, No. 18-L-
                         80; the Hon. John W. Belz, Judge, presiding.

Attorneys                William P. Hardy and Russell Reed, of Hinshaw & Culbertson
for                      LLP, of Springfield, and Donald Flack and Laura A. Bentele, of
Appellant:               Armstrong Teasdale LLP, of St. Louis, Missouri, for appellants.

Attorneys                Robert L. Duckels and David P. Niemeier, of Greensfelder,
for                      Hemker & Gale, P.C., of St. Louis, Missouri, and Brian L.
Appellee:                Gardner (pro hac vice), of Cole Schotz, P.C., of New York, New
                         York, for appellees.

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