Court Opinion

ID: 6331271
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-04-13 20:00:56.759864+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:23:09.595367
License: Public Domain

FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                               APR 7 2022
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MARIA ISABEL CARDENAS,                           No.     20-72766

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A077-126-728

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

              Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                             Submitted April 5, 2022**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: SCHROEDER, S.R. THOMAS, and BEA, Circuit Judges.

      Petitioner Maria Cardenas, a native of Mexico and lawful permanent

resident of the United States, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration

Appeals’ (BIA) denial of her application for asylum, withholding of removal, and

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
protection under the Convention Against Torture (CAT). Cardenas was subject to

a removal order for the offense of harboring an alien who was in the country “in

violation of law.” 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1)(A)(iii), (a)(1)(B)(I). In denying her relief

on all three grounds, the BIA explicitly adopted the immigration judge’s findings

on each issue, and we thus review the immigration judge’s decision as if it were the

BIA’s. See Alam v. Garland, 11 F.4th 1133, 1135 (9th Cir. 2021).

      As to asylum, the immigration judge held that Cardenas had committed an

aggravated felony and was thus ineligible for asylum. 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(2)(A)(ii),

(B)(i). Title 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43) provides that any conviction under 8 U.S.C.

§ 1324(a)(1)(A) constitutes an aggravated felony, and as the immigration judge

found, Cardenas was convicted of violating 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1)(A)(iii).

Cardenas does not contest the finding in the argument section of her brief and has

thus forfeited the issue. See, e.g., Floyd v. Filson, 949 F.3d 1128, 1138 n.2 (9th

Cir. 2020) (recognizing that issues not raised in an opening brief are forfeited).

      As to withholding of removal, the immigration judge denied relief because

Cardenas had failed to show membership in a particular social group, and was thus

ineligible for withholding. Cardenas also fails to challenge this determination in

her opening brief and has forfeited any challenge to the immigration judge’s

decision on withholding. See, e.g., id.

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      With respect to CAT, the immigration judge denied relief both because it

was not more likely than not that Cardenas would be tortured upon returning to

Mexico, and because it had not been shown that Mexico would instigate or

acquiesce to any torture of Cardenas. As the immigration judge recognized,

Cardenas faced no past harm in Mexico; the reason she fears returning to Mexico

stems from events that took place in the United States, and under Cardenas’s own

testimony, she was never harmed, let alone tortured, in the United States, even

though her alleged future torturers knew where she lived. The record does not

compel any contrary conclusions. Cardenas is not entitled to relief under CAT. See

Arrey v. Barr, 916 F.3d 1149, 1161 (9th Cir. 2019) (reviewing denial of CAT relief

under the substantial evidence standard of review).

      The petition is DENIED.

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