Court Opinion

ID: 35670
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 19:31:27+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:57:44.640562
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                          Fifth Circuit
                                                                                        F I L E D
                                                                                          July 1, 2004
                      IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                    Charles R. Fulbruge III
                                  FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT                                     Clerk

                                           No. 03-11147
                                         Summary Calendar

C&W ASSET ACQUISITION LLC,
                                                                              Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                               versus

DONALD KNOX,

                                                                                Defendant-Appellee.

                            Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Northern District of Texas, Amarillo Division
                                          (2:02-CV-351)

Before SMITH, DEMOSS, and STEWART, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:*

       Plaintiff C&W Asset Acquisition, LLC (“C&W”) appeals the district court’s grant of summary

judgment, sua sponte, in favor of defendant Donald Knox (“Knox”), finding no genuine issue of

material fact that C&W’s action to collect on a matured promissory note was time-barred.

Specifically, the district court held that C&W, as an assignee of the Federal Deposit Insurance

       *
        Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the Court has determined that this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
Corporation (“FDIC”), cannot benefit from the tolling provision in 28 U.S.C. § 2415 for partial

payments made after an assignment. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

                          FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       The following facts are undisputed. Knox executed a promissory note in the principal amount

of $125,000.00 and a second promissory note in the principal amount of $27, 281.00. Both notes

were payable to the First State Bank of Vega, Texas. First State Bank was declared insolvent, and

the FDIC commenced receivership of the bank on April 1, 1993. The notes matured on May 31,

1993, and July 15, 1993, respectively, while in the hands of the FDIC. The FDIC sold the notes on

August 4, 1994. On July 27, 1999, the notes were ultimately acquired by C&W through a series of

assignments from the FDIC.

       On October 15, 2002, C&W filed this action against Knox to recover on the amounts due on

both promissory notes. C&W moved the district court for summary judgment on the notes sued upon

and Knox defended on the basis that the suit was barred by the statute of limitations and laches. On

August 25, 2003, the district court denied C&W’s motion for summary judgment. At the same time,

without prior notice to the parties, the district court sua sponte granted summary judgment in favor

of Knox.

       C&W moved the district court for a new trial on the grounds that the district court erred in

failing to notify C&W of the district court’s intent to grant summary judgment sua sponte and that

the issue fully briefed on C&W’s motion for summary judgment was not dispositive of the entire case.

With its motion for a new trial, C&W proffered evidence which it alleged constituted a reaffirmation

agreement. The district court denied the motion, and C&W timely appealed.

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                                  APPELLATE JURISDICTION

       As an initial matter, we reject Knox’s contention that the failure of C&W’s notice of appeal

to identify the district court’s denial of its motion for a new trial, results in our lacking appellate

jurisdiction. Generally, a notice of appeal “shall designate the judgment, order, or part thereof

appealed from.” Fed. R. App. P. 3(c) (2004). However, a policy of liberal construction of notices

of appeals prevails in situations where the intent to appeal an unmentioned or unlabeled ruling is

apparent and there is no prejudice to the adverse party. In re Hinsley, 201 F.3d 638, 641 (5th Cir.

2000). The intent to appeal must be clear, or the appeal must involve issues inextricably entwined

with issues that have been properly raised. NCNB Tex. Nat’l Bank v. Johnson, 11 F.3d 1260, 1269

(5th Cir. 1994). When the appellant “notices the appeal of a specified judgment only or a part

thereof, this court has no jurisdiction to review other judgments or issues which are not expressly

referred to and which are not impliedly intended for appeal.” Warfield v. Fidelity and Deposit Co.,

904 F.2d 322, 325 (5th Cir. 1990).

       C&W’s notice of appeal was both clear and inextricably entwined with the merits. The record

shows that C&W filed their motion for a new trial under Rule 59(a). Our court has previously

reasoned that an appeal of the denial of a Rule 59(a) motion for a new trial is not separately

appealable because “[the motion] merely restates the attack on the merits of the final judgment.”

Government Fin. Servs. One Ltd. Partnership v. Peyton Place, 62 F.3d 767, 774 (5th Cir. 1995).

Thus, in the context of Rule 59(a), unless a new matter arises after entry of judgment, “it is from the

final judgment that the appeal should be taken.” Id. We first recognize that C&W is not appealing

a new matter arising after the entry of judgment, which would be cognizable under Rule 60(b).

Instead, C&W’s appeal from the district court’s denial of summary judgment, as well as its motion

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for a new trial, are based on pre-judgment errors. Therefore, we must find C&W’s appeal of the

district court’s denial of summary judgment is inextricably entwined with the district court’s order

denying a Rule 59(a) motion. Moreover, C&W’s notice of appeal expressly referenced an appealable

“judgment” by the district court. Because the notice of appeal does not expressly mention a single

part of the order, there is an inference that C&W had the intent to appeal from the order as a whole.

Finding no prejudice to Knox, we therefore have jurisdiction to review the question of the district

court’s sua sponte grant of summary judgment.

                                    STANDARD OF REVIEW

       This court reviews the grant of summary judgment de novo. Flock v. Scripto-Tokai Corp.,

319 F.3d 231, 236 (5th Cir. 2003). A summary judgment motion is properly granted only when,

viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, the record indicates that there is

“no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter

of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). We draw all

inferences in the light most favorable to the nonmovant. Herman v. Holiday, 238 F.3d 660, 664 (5th

Cir. 2001).

                                           DISCUSSION

       On appeal, C&W argues that the district court erred in granting summary judgment without

notice to the parties of its intent, and such error was not harmless. C&W also argues that the district

court erred in concluding that § 2415 does not extend the statute of limitations when a debtor makes

partial payments following an assignment of the promissory note once owned by the FDIC. We

address each in turn.

                                                  4
I.     Failure to Provide Notice

       C&W moved for summary judgment against Knox. In response, Knox filed a sur-reply, but

did not file a cross-motion for summary judgment. The district court granted summary judgment, sua

sponte, in favor of Knox without giving the required ten-day notice of its intent to the parties. This

was error.

       A district court may grant summary judgment, sua sponte, but [the district court] must

provide adequate notice and an opportunity to respond akin to that required by FED. R. CIV. P.

56(c). Mannesman Demag Corp. v. M/V Concert Express, 225 F.3d 587, 595 (5th Cir. 2000). If

the court fails to provide such notice, we will reverse the grant unless the error is harmless. Id. The

failure to provide notice is harmless error “when the nonmovant has no additional evidence or if all

of the nonmovant’s additional evidence is reviewed by the appellate court and none of the evidence

presents a genuine issue of material fact.” Love v. Nat’l Med. Enters, 230 F.3d 765, 771, reh’g en

banc denied, 239 F.3d 367 (5th Cir. 2000). For the following reasons, we find the district court’s

error harmless.

       C&W contends that the district court’s error precluded C&W from tendering evidence that

would demonstrate that Knox reaffirmed or acknowledged his obligation. C&W asserts two

arguments alleging that Knox acknowledged his debt. C&W first asserts that Knox acknowledged

his obligation in August 1996, by a writing which refers to the “debt I owe you.” C&W also asserts

that Knox’s submission of a financial statement on March 10, 1999, constituted a reaffirmation of his

obligation and that Knox’s partial payment of a debt constitutes an acknowledgment. Based on these

two acknowledgments and the partial payment, C&W contends that a genuine issue of material fact

                                                  5
exists as to whether Knox acknowledged his obligation within four years of the date this action

commenced. We cannot agree.

       Assuming the August 1996 writing is an acknowledgment, C&W’s claim is barred by the

statute of limitations. Under Texas law, a suit on a debt that is not commenced within four years of

the time that the cause of action accrues is barred. In re Vineyard Bay Development Co., Inc., 132
F.3d 269, 271 (5th Cir. 1998); see also Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.004(a)(3). Texas law also

provides, however, that limitations may be avoided by a written acknowledgment under certain

constraints:

       An acknowledgment of the justness of a claim that appears to be barred by
       limitations is not admissible in evidence to defeat the law of limitations if made after
       the time the claim is due unless the acknowledgment is in writing and signed by the
       party to be charged.

Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Co de § 16.065. An acknowledgment under Texas law must: (1) be in

writing and signed by the party to be charged; (2) contain an unequivocal acknowledgment of the

justness or the existence of the particular obligation; and (3) refer to the obligation and express a

willingness to honor that obligation. Stine v. Stewart, 80 S.W.3d 586, 591 (Tex. 2002). Under

Texas law, an acknowledgment operates as a new obligation rather than merely as a revival of prior

debt. In re Vineyard, 132 F.3d at 271.

       As applied here, assuming the August 1996 letter is an acknowledgment of a new obligation,

the four-year statute of limitations began running in August 1996. Because C&W commenced this

action on October 15, 2002, two years after the statute of limitations expired, thus the cause of action

on the obligation is time barred.

                                                   6
       The March 10, 1999, financial statement is a conditional agreement whose condition has not

been triggered. Under Texas law, “[i]f the expression of a willingness to pay is coupled with

conditions, it devolves upon the plaintiff to prove that the named conditions have taken place.” Luck

v. Riggs Optical Co. Consolidated, 149 S.W.2d 204, 206 (Tex. Civ. App. — Fort Worth 1941). The

preamble to the March 10, 1999, financial statement which states a purpose “of procuring credit from

time to time . . .” does not qualify as an acknowledgment. For the condition that triggers a payment

obligation to occur, C&W must demonstrate that Knox received credit from their company. The

record does not show that C&W or its predecessors extended credit to Knox, thus no genuine issue

of material fact exists to show that the financial statement of March 10, 1999, is an acknowledgment

of debt. Moreover, there is no showing of an unequivocal intent by Knox to pay the alleged

obligation. The financial statement has no explicit or implicit expression of a willingness to pay the

obligation; at most, the financial document is merely information provided to a potential lender.

       We are not persuaded by C&W’s reliance on Mercantile Nat’l Bank at Dallas v. Acoustics,

Inc., 589 S.W.2d 773 (Tex. App. — Eastland 1979) to support its acknowledgment argument. In

Mercantile, the court held that an unqualified acknowledgment of an existing debt implies a promise

to pay, and as a corollary, from any written acknowledgment that the debt is subsisting will be implied

a promise to pay the debt notwithstanding an express promise. Id. at 775-76. In its analysis, the

Mercantile court determined that the debtor’s listing of cert ain notes payable as liabilities on its

balance sheets constituted an acknowledgment. Id. In the case sub judice, the current facts are

distinguishable from Mercantile. Here, the financial statements were conditioned upon the extension

of credit, whereas in Mercantile there were no conditions contained in the balanced sheets. Thus, we

do not find Mercantile to be controlling.

                                                  7
       Furthermore, we reject C&W’s partial payment argument; it is well-established under Texas

law that partial payment of a debt does not constitute an acknowledgment. See Gabriel v. Alhabbal,

618 S.W.2d 894, 897 (Tex. Civ. App. — Houston [1st Dist.] 1981). Reference to account numbers

does not change this result. See Stine, 80 S.W.3d at 591.

       For the aforementioned reasons, C&W has not shown a genuine issue of material fact to

demonstrate that Knox acknowledged his debt, and therefore, we find the district court’s denial of

notice to be harmless error.

II.    Tolling Provision

       C&W also argues that as an assignee of the FDIC it is entitled to benefit from the tolling

provision in 28 U.S.C. § 2415 for partial payments made after the assignment. After a careful and

complete review of the arguments and the record we must reject C&W’s challenge. For the reasons

thoroughly addressed by the district court, we affirm.

                                         CONCLUSION

       For the aforementioned reasons, we affirm the district court’s sua sponte grant of summary

judgment.

                                                                                AFFIRM.

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