Court Opinion

ID: 4584075
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-05 18:11:22.931029+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:46:38.195471
License: Public Domain

J-S23002-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    ASPEN ENTERPRISES, LLC                     :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    KIA THOMAS                                 :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 3436 EDA 2019

              Appeal from the Judgment Entered January 14, 2020
       In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County Civil Division at
                         No(s): No. CV-2017-010493

BEFORE: NICHOLS, J., McCAFFERY, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.:                           Filed: November 5, 2020

        Appellant Kia Thomas appeals from the judgment entered in favor of

Appellee Aspen Enterprises, LLC, following a non-jury trial. Appellant claims

the trial court erred by dismissing her counterclaim for rent paid to Appellee,

admitting certain testimony, and awarding damages. We affirm.

        We adopt the trial court’s findings of fact. See Trial Ct. Op., 7/9/19, at

3-19. On January 8, 2018, Appellee sued Appellant for breach of contract,

specifically that Appellee breached the residential lease agreement by failing

to pay rent and damaging the property in question. See R.R. at 15a-17a.1 In

relevant part, Appellee claimed that Appellant owed rent for November 2017

____________________________________________

1   We may cite to the reproduced record for the parties’ convenience.
J-S23002-20

through February 2018.      Id. at 13a-14a.     Appellant filed an answer, new

matter, and counterclaim on February 15, 2018.

     Appellant’s counterclaim alleged that she paid rent to Appellant between

May 2017 and November 2017.           Id. at 43a.   Appellant asserted that in

November 2017, she learned that Appellee did not obtain an occupancy permit

that was required by a City of Chester ordinance (Chester Ordinance). Id.

According to Appellee, Section 1703.02 “precludes an owner from collecting

rent or obtaining possession of the property during any period of non-

compliance with the Ordinance.” Id.

     The Chester Ordinance states, in relevant part:

     1703.02 SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCES AND DUPLEX RESIDENCES

     a. No owner shall occupy or let to any other occupant any dwelling
     unit unless a Use and Occupancy Permit has been obtained from
     the Department of Public Safety.

                                  *     *   *

     c. Any owner who is required to obtain a Use and Occupancy
     Permit under this Article shall be subject to all remedies allowed
     by law including prosecution and fines under any applicable City
     ordinance and in addition thereto they shall be denied the right to
     recover possession of the premises or to collect rent during any
     period of noncompliance[.]

Id. at 47a. In Appellant’s view, Appellee improperly (1) collected rent when

it did not have an occupancy permit and (2) withheld her security deposit. Id.

at 43a-44a.

     Appellee filed preliminary objections in the nature of a demurrer to

Appellant’s counterclaim.    Id. at 51a.      Specifically, Appellee contended,

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among other things, that Section 1703.02 did not provide for a private cause

of action. Id. at 53a.

      Appellant filed an answer and supporting brief in response to Appellee’s

preliminary objections. In Appellant’s view, Section 1703.02(c) “provides that

the landlord shall be subject to all remedies allowed by law.” Id. at 108a.

Appellant reasons that she must be permitted to use the Chester Ordinance

as a defense to Appellee’s claim or “the Ordinance would not be enforceable

and would have no substance,” as a “landlord would have no incentive to

comply with the Ordinance.” Id. at 109a. The trial court sustained Appellee’s

preliminary objections and dismissed Appellant’s counterclaim without

prejudice to file an amended answer, new matter, and counterclaim. Id. at

114a. Appellant filed an amended answer, new matter, and counterclaim,

which omitted her claim under Section 1703.02. Id. at 120a.

      Following discovery, the trial court held a non-jury trial on May 2, 2019.

The trial court summarized the parties’ testimony as follows:

      At trial, Mr. Neal Fulves testified in his capacity as the principal of
      [Appellee], and [Appellee] called John C. Winter, a former
      insurance adjuster and currently a restoration contractor as a
      damage expert. [Appellee] introduced seven (7) exhibits into the
      record which consisted of the original lease between the parties,
      an assignment of the lease, text messages, a lease addendum,
      photographs, and a damage estimate prepared by John C. Winter,
      LLC. [Appellee] also called [Appellant] on cross-examination.
      [Appellant] testified on her own behalf and presented six (6)
      exhibits into the record consisting of City of Chester Ordinance No.
      9, dated April 27, 2016, City of Chester correspondence dated
      November 17, 2017 notifying [Appellee] that the rental premises
      were lacking a certificate of occupancy, a repair receipt,

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       photographs, an agreement of sale for the premises and a notice
       to quit.

Trial Ct. Op., 1/22/20, at 1-2.

       The trial court entered a decision in favor of Appellee. Trial Ct. Op.,

7/9/19, at 1. The trial court found Mr. Winter’s testimony concerning needed

repairs for the property to be credible, but found that many of the damages

Appellee complained of were the result of water damage from the leaking roof.

Id. at 21.    The trial court also held that because Appellee did not have a

certificate of occupancy, the lease was terminated on November 17, 2017.

Id. at 22. As a result, the trial court found Appellant did not have to pay rent

or late fees for December 2017 through February 2018. Id.

       Appellant timely filed a post-trial motion claiming (1) that the trial court

erred by dismissing her counterclaim under the Chester Ordinance, (2) that

the trial court erred by permitting the testimony of Mr. Winter, and (3) that

the award of damages was against the weight of the evidence. R.R. at 471a-

72a. The trial court denied Appellant’s post-trial motion on November 14,

2019. Id. at 483a.

       Appellant filed a notice of appeal on December 2, 2019.2 On January

14, 2020, Appellant praeciped for judgment for $6,333.77, perfecting her

____________________________________________

2 Ordinarily, the “Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania has jurisdiction over
appeals from final orders of the courts of common pleas in any case implicating
the application, interpretation or enforcement of a local ordinance.”
Commonwealth v. Asamoah, 809 A.2d 943, 945 n.1 (Pa. Super. 2002)

                                           -4-
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premature notice of appeal. Appellant timely filed a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P.

1925(b) statement.

       On appeal, Appellant raises two issues:

       1. The [trial] court erred in dismissing [Appellant’s] counter-claim
       for recovery of rent paid to [Appellee] for the time [Appellee] did
       not possess an occupancy permit for the premises in violation of
       Section 1703.02 of the codified ordinances of the City of Chester.

       2. The [trial] court erred in awarding [Appellee] $6,333.77 . . .
       because

          a. [Appellee did not comply with the provisions of 68 [P.S. §]
          512 and therefore should be precluded from recovery of any
          damages for damage[] to the premises.

          b. The [trial] court erred in admitting the testimony of John C.
          Winter who inspected the premises over a year after
          [Appellant] had moved out of the premises.

          c. The verdict was against the weight of the evidence.

Appellant’s Brief at i-ii (formatting altered).

            Dismissal of Private Right of Action Counter-Claim

       Appellant’s first issue is that the trial court erred in sustaining Appellee’s

preliminary objections to her counter-claim to recover the rent she paid to

Appellee.    Id. at 14-18.       Appellant argues that Appellee violated Section

1703.02 of the Codified Ordinances of the City of Chester, which prohibits a

____________________________________________

(citation omitted). Because neither party has objected to this Court’s
jurisdiction, we proceed. See Pa.R.A.P. 741(a). Cf. Smith v. Ivy Lee Real
Estate, LLC, 152 A.3d 1062, 1065 (Pa. Super. 2016) (transferring appeal
involving municipal ordinance to Commonwealth Court although the parties
did not challenge Superior Court’s appellate jurisdiction).

                                           -5-
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landlord who has failed to obtain a use and occupancy permit from collecting

rent. Id. at 15. Appellant asserts that “[t]he [Chester] Ordinance specifically

provides that the landlord shall be subject to all remedies allowed by law.”

Id. at 15, 17. Appellant claims that although the trial court denied Appellee

unpaid rent as damages, the trial court also denied her the right under the

Chester Ordinance to recover the rent she already paid. Id. at 16. In support,

Appellant cites Frempong v. Richardson, 209 A.3d 1001 (Pa. Super. 2019),

where this Court interpreted a similar Philadelphia ordinance. Id. at 16-17.

Appellant acknowledges that the Chester and Philadelphia ordinances are not

identical, but argues that because Appellee “initiated this action in violation of

the [Chester] Ordinance, [Appellant] should be allowed to recover rent that

was unjustly paid to the [Appellee], rent it was not entitled to.” Id. at 18.

      Appellee responds that the Chester Ordinance provides for an

enforcement action by the City of Chester for any violation, but does not create

a private cause of action. Appellee’s Brief at 6-7 (citing Sections 1703.02 and

1703.99 of the Codified Ordinances of the City of Chester). Appellee argues

that Frempong is distinguishable from the facts of this case because

Frempong did not involve a tenant’s counterclaim under a similar ordinance.

Id. at 8.

      Initially, we note the following:

      Our standard of review of an order of the trial court overruling or
      granting preliminary objections is to determine whether the trial
      court committed an error of law.          When considering the

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     appropriateness of a ruling on preliminary objections, the
     appellate court must apply the same standard as the trial court.

     Preliminary objections in the nature of a demurrer test the legal
     sufficiency of the complaint.       When considering preliminary
     objections, all material facts set forth in the challenged pleadings
     are admitted as true, as well as all inferences reasonably
     deducible therefrom.       Preliminary objections which seek the
     dismissal of a cause of action should be sustained only in cases in
     which it is clear and free from doubt that the pleader will be unable
     to prove facts legally sufficient to establish the right to relief. If
     any doubt exists as to whether a demurrer should be sustained, it
     should be resolved in favor of overruling the preliminary
     objections.

Am. Interior Constr. & Blinds Inc. v. Benjamin’s Desk, LLC, 206 A.3d

509, 512 (Pa. Super. 2019) (citation omitted).

     “We review a question of statutory interpretation de novo, and the scope

of our review is plenary.” Frempong, 209 A.3d at 1009 (citation omitted and

formatting altered). “While the Statutory Construction Act is not expressly

applicable to the construction of local ordinances, the principles contained

therein are nevertheless useful.” Id. at 1010 (citation omitted).

     The Frempong Court addressed, among other issues, the interpretation

of Section 9-3901(4)(e) of the Philadelphia Code, which similarly states that

an owner without a rental license “shall be denied the right to recover

possession of the premises or to collect rent during” the period of

noncompliance. See id. at 1008 (quoting Phila. Code. § 9-3901(4)(e)). Cf.

                                     -7-
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R.R. at 47a (quoting the Chester Ordinance at issue). Frempong, however,

did not address whether a tenant had a private right of action.3

       There are two types of a private right of action: explicit and implicit. 4

See Estate of Witthoeft v. Kiskaddon, 733 A.2d 623, 626 (Pa. 1999). If a

statute does not explicitly, i.e., expressly, provide a private remedy, then

Pennsylvania has adopted “a three-prong analysis to assist in determining

whether a private remedy is implicit in a statute not expressly providing one.”

Id. (citation omitted).       Our Supreme Court has framed the three-prong

implicit analysis as follows:

       first, is the plaintiff one of the class for whose especial benefit
       the statute was enacted,—that is, does the statute create a right
       in favor of the plaintiff? Second, is there any indication of
       legislative intent, explicit or implicit, either to create such a
       remedy or to deny one? Third, is it consistent with the underlying
       purposes of the legislative scheme to imply such a remedy for the
       plaintiff?

Id. (emphasis in original, citation omitted, and formatting altered).

____________________________________________

3 Although not acknowledged by the Frempong Court or the instant parties,
we note that the Philadelphia Code explicitly provides a private right of action
for tenants against non-compliant landlords. Phila. Code. § 9-3901(4)(f)
(“Private Right of Action. Any tenant of any property subject to the provisions
of this Chapter shall have the right to bring an action against the owner of
such property to compel compliance with this Chapter”).
4“The violation of a statute and the fact that some person suffered harm does
not automatically give rise to a private cause of action in favor of the injured
person. This court will not engraft a private cause of action onto the statute
without further guidance from the General Assembly.” Witthoeft, 733 A.2d
at 627.

                                           -8-
J-S23002-20

      The plaintiff, upon being properly challenged, bears the burden of proof

of establishing the existence of a private right of action, whether explicit or

implicit. See id. It is well-settled, however, that “[t]his Court will not act as

counsel and will not develop arguments on behalf of an appellant.”

Commonwealth v. Hardy, 918 A.2d 766, 771 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citation

omitted); see Commonwealth v. Williams, 782 A.2d 517, 532 (Pa. 2001)

(Castille, J., concurring) (observing that the “Court is neither obliged, nor even

particularly equipped, to develop an argument for a party. To do so places

the Court in the conflicting roles of advocate and neutral arbiter.”).

      Instantly, Appellant has not explained how or why the Ordinance

granted her any private right of action.       See Appellant’s Brief at 14-18.

Further, she does not discuss the applicable rules of statutory construction to

construe the Chester Ordinance. See generally Witthoeft, 733 A.2d at 626.

Even though the controlling Philadelphia Ordinance in Frempong provides an

explicit private right of action for tenants against noncompliant landlords, this

Court did not discuss the private right of action in its disposition of the case.

Therefore, Appellant’s reliance on Frempong is misplaced under the

circumstances of the instant case, particularly when Appellant has not

construed the Chester Ordinance nor has Appellant argued or cited legal

authority to establish any private right of action.      Compare R.R. at 47a

(quoting Ordinance), with Phila. Code. § 9-3901(4)(f) (expressly providing

the tenant an explicit private right of action).       Accordingly, absent any

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developed argument by Appellant, we respectfully decline to address whether

any private right of action exists for Appellant under the Ordinance as it would

require this Court to act as her advocate. See Hardy, 918 A.2d at 771; see

also Williams, 782 A.2d at 532. Accordingly, we hold that Appellant has not

established the trial court erred when it dismissed Appellant’s counterclaim.

See Am. Interior Constr., 206 A.3d at 512.

                  Challenge to the Amount of Damages

      In support of her second issue, Appellant raises three arguments. First,

Appellant argues that Appellee is precluded from recovering any damages

because it failed to comply with 68 P.S. § 512 of the Landlord and Tenant Act.

Appellant’s Brief at 18.   Specifically, Appellant reasons that Appellee was

required to provide her with a written, itemized list of damages under Section

512 before filing suit. Id. at 23-24 (citing Nitardy v. Chabot, 195 A.3d 941,

948 (Pa. Super. 2018) (per curiam)).

      We note the relevant standard of review:

      Our review in a non-jury case is limited to whether the findings of
      the trial court are supported by competent evidence and whether
      the trial court committed error in the application of law. We must
      grant the court’s findings of fact the same weight and effect as
      the verdict of a jury and, accordingly, may disturb the non-jury
      verdict only if the court’s findings are unsupported by competent
      evidence or the court committed legal error that affected the
      outcome of the trial. It is not the role of an appellate court to pass
      on the credibility of witnesses; hence we will not substitute our
      judgment for that of the factfinder. Thus, the test we apply is not
      whether we would have reached the same result on the evidence
      presented, but rather, after due consideration of the evidence
      which the trial court found credible, whether the trial court could
      have reasonably reached its conclusion.

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Frempong, 209 A.3d at 1006 (citation omitted).

     Section 250.512 states in relevant part as follows:

     (a) Every landlord shall within thirty days of termination of a lease
     or upon surrender and acceptance of the leasehold premises,
     whichever first occurs, provide a tenant with a written list of any
     damages to the leasehold premises for which the landlord claims
     the tenant is liable. Delivery of the list shall be accompanied by
     payment of the difference between any sum deposited in escrow,
     including any unpaid interest thereon, for the payment of
     damages to the leasehold premises and the actual amount of
     damages to the leasehold premises caused by the tenant. Nothing
     in this section shall preclude the landlord from refusing to return
     the escrow fund, including any unpaid interest thereon, for
     nonpayment of rent or for the breach of any other condition in the
     lease by the tenant.

     (b) Any landlord who fails to provide a written list within thirty
     days as required in subsection (a), above, shall forfeit all rights to
     withhold any portion of sums held in escrow, including any unpaid
     interest thereon, or to bring suit against the tenant for damages
     to the leasehold premises.

                                  *     *      *

     (e) Failure of the tenant to provide the landlord with his new
     address in writing upon termination of the lease or upon surrender
     and acceptance of the leasehold premises shall relieve the
     landlord from any liability under this section.

68 P.S. § 250.512.

     In Nitardy, the landlord argued to the trial court that because the

tenants did not provide him with a forwarding address when they vacated the

property on June 19, 2014, he could keep the tenants’ security deposit under

Section 250.512(e). Nitardy, 195 A.3d at 944, 949. The trial court declined

to enforce Section 250.512(e) because the parties remained in email contact,

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the tenants provided the landlord with a forwarding address on July 15, 2014,

and therefore, the landlord had the information necessary to return the

security deposit. Id. at 949. The landlord appealed, and this Court affirmed

because the record supported the trial court’s findings. Id. at 949-50.

        Instantly, after careful review of the record, we agree with the trial

court’s finding that Appellant failed to provide Appellee with a forwarding

address at the time she moved out of the residence. See R.R. at 235a; see

also Trial Ct. Op., 1/22/20, at 4 (finding Mr. Fulves’s testimony credible that

Appellant failed to provide a forwarding address). To the extent Appellant

relies on Nitardy, the facts of that case are distinguishable.      Unlike the

tenants in Nitardy, Appellant did not establish she stayed in email contact or

provided a forwarding address upon terminating the lease. See Nitardy, 195

A.3d at 944, 949.      Therefore, we hold that the trial court did not err in

determining that Appellee could retain Appellant’s security deposit to apply it

against the cost of damages to the premises. See Frempong, 209 A.3d at

1006.

                          Testimony of John Winter

        We summarize Appellant’s second and third arguments together.       By

way of background, Appellant objected to Mr. Winter’s testimony on the

grounds that his damages testimony was unreliable because Mr. Winter

inspected the property more than one year after Appellant moved out of the

premises, and that damage to the carpets and floors could be explained by

                                     - 12 -
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fifteen years of wear and tear.          See R.R. at 169a-70a.     The trial court

overruled Appellant’s objection on the basis that it went to the weight of Mr.

Winter’s testimony. Id. at 170a.

      On appeal, Appellant asserts the trial court erred by admitting the

testimony of Mr. Winter. Appellant’s Brief at 24. In her view, the trial court

did not adequately consider that much of the damage alleged by Appellee was

due to a “leaking roof and plumbing.”             Id. at 25.   She highlights the

discrepancy between Mr. Winter’s calculation of damages as $31,233.58, and

the amount of damages the trial court actually awarded. Id.              Appellant

maintains that “Mr. Winter could give no evidence as to how the property was

damaged.”     Id.   In Appellant’s view, the trial court’s “admission of this

evidence was manifestly unreasonable” and an “abuse of discretion.” Id. at

25-26. Appellant’s third argument is that the amount awarded was against

the weight of the evidence.       Id. at 26.      Appellant incorporates her prior

arguments and reiterates that there was no testimony “as to how the property

was damaged.” Id.

      Briefly, it is well-settled that

      the factfinder is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence,
      and the Superior Court will not disturb the trial court’s credibility
      determinations.      Assessments of credibility and conflicts in
      evidence are for the trial court to resolve; this Court is not
      permitted to reexamine the weight and credibility determinations
      or substitute our judgments for those of the factfinder.

Frempong, 209 A.3d at 1006 (citation omitted).

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      [A]ppellate review of a weight claim is a review of the trial court’s
      exercise of discretion, not of the underlying question of whether
      the verdict is against the weight of the evidence. Because the trial
      judge has had the opportunity to hear and see the evidence
      presented, an appellate court will give the gravest consideration
      to the findings and reasons advanced by the trial judge when
      reviewing a trial court’s determination that the verdict is against
      the weight of the evidence. One of the least assailable reasons
      for granting or denying a new trial is the lower court’s conviction
      that the verdict was or was not against the weight of the evidence
      and that a new trial should be granted in the interest of justice.

In re Estate of Smaling, 80 A.3d 485, 490 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc)

(citation omitted and formatting altered).

      After careful review of the record, the parties’ arguments, and the trial

court’s opinion, we agree with the trial court’s reasoning that Winters could

testify as to the damages and condition of the premises.          See Trial Ct. Op.,

1/22/20, at 4-5 (summarizing the basis of Mr. Winter’s testimony and stating

it found Mr. Winter’s testimony credible).       We also discern no abuse of

discretion in the trial court’s denial of Appellant’s motion for a new trial based

on the weight of the evidence. See Smaling, 80 A.3d at 490. Accordingly,

for the foregoing reasons, Appellant is not entitled to relief.

      Judgment affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/5/20

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                                                                                Circulated 09/30/2020 10:09 AM

IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
                     CIVIL ACTION-LAW

ASPEN ENTERPRISES, LLC                                       No.     2017 -10493

              v.

KIA THOMAS

Matthew Stone, Esquire                                      Counsel for the Plaintiff
                                                            Aspen Enterprises, LLC

John W. Nails, Esquire                                      Counsel for Defendant
                                                            Kia Thomas

ANGELOS,J.                                                          DATE:          July 9, 2019

                                          DECISION

     AND NOW, this 9th day of July 2019, following a bench trial held on May 2, 2019, and

upon consideration of Plaintiffs Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law,

Defendant's Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusion of law, and the attached Findings of Fact

and Conclusions of Law and the attached Appendix, pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 1038, it is hereby

decided as follows:

1.   The Court finds in favor of Plaintiff, Aspen Enterprises LLC, and against Defendant, Kia

     Thomas, in the amount of six thousand, one hundred and thirty-three dollars and

     eighty-seven cents ($6,133.87).

2.   Pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 227.4, the Office of Judicial Support shall enter in favor of Plaintiff,

     Aspen Enterprises LLC, and against Defendant, Kia Thomas, in the amount of six

     thousand, one hundred and thirty-three dollars and eighty-seven cents ($6,133.87),

     upon praecipe of Defendants if post-trial motions are not filed within ten (10) days of the

                                                1
date of entry of this Decision or if post-trial motions are filed and the Court does not enter a

dispositive order within one hundred twenty (120) days.

                                            2
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
                      CIVIL ACTION --LAW

ASPEN ENTERPRISES, LLC                                      No.    2017 -10493

             v.

KIA THOMAS

                                   FINDINGS OF FACT

                                      Procedural History

  1. Plaintiff in the above-captioned matter is Aspen Enterprises, LLC (hereinafter referred to

     as "Plaintiff"), a business entity organized, incorporated, and existing under the Laws of

     the State of Delaware with its principal place of business in Pennsylvania located at 1118

     Clover Lane, Chester City, Delaware County, Pennsylvania 19013. Complaint, 1/8/2010,

  2. Defendant in the above-captioned matter is Kia Thomas (hereinafter referred to as

     "Defendant"), an adult individual with an address of905 Lincoln Terrace, Chester City,

     Delaware County, Pennsylvania 19013. Complaint, 1/8/2010, ,r 2.

  3. The above-captioned matter came .before this Court via an Appeal fro,m Award of

     Arbitration. Appeal from Award of Arbitrators, 10/05/2018.

  4 .. A non-jury trial was conducted in the above-captioned matter on May 2, 2019. N.T. May

     2, 2019.

                                Testimony of John C. Winter

  5. Mr. John C. Winter testified that he is an appraiser and public adjuster in the

     Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 9.

                                               3
6. Mr. Winter testified that he has worked for insurance companies handling both

   automobile and property claims and in 1980 he began working solely as a property

   adjuster. Id

7. Mr. Winter testified that in 1995 he started working for an insurance restoration

   contractor and subsequently owned his own restoration company for seven(7) years, Id

   atp. 10.

8. Mr. Winter testified that he is familiar with the subject property located at 931 Clover

   Lane, Chester, Pennsylvania 19013 (hereinafter referred to as the "premises"), Id.

9. Mr. Winter testified as to an estimate of damages he prepared on behalf of Plaintiff after

   inspecting the premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 12; Exhibit P-7.

10. Mr. Winter testified that he completed the aforementioned inspection on January 12,

   2019.Jd.

11. Mr. Winter testified the total costofrequired repairs to the premises to be thirty-one

   thousand, two hundred and thirty-three dollars and fifty-eight cents ($31,233.58). N.T.

   May 2, 2019, p. 13; Exhibit P-7.

12. Mr. Winter testified that he used a software platform known as "Xactimate" when

   preparing his report; Id.

13. Mr. Winter testified that.the software platform estimates not only the cost of the materials

   for a locality, but also the cost of labor associated with the installation. Id.

14. Mr. Winter testified that his estimate was for both laborand materials, Id

15. Mr. Winter testified that the software platform does not consider the purchase price of the

   property When calculating costs and repairs. N.T. May 2. 2019, p. 14; ExhibitP-7.

                                              4
16. Mr. Winter testified that when he inspected the premises in 2019, it was in the same

    condition as the photos that were. presented at trial, which purported to have been taken at
         .                                                         .

    oraround the time that Defendant vacated the premises. N.T. May 2, 2019,pp. 14-15;

   Exhibit P-6.

17. Mr. Winter testified thathe was not able to determine the cause of the damages in the

   premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 16.

18. Mr. Winter testified that "much less" than half ofthe damage to the premises was caused

    by water damage. Id;

19. Mr. Winter testified that he could not affix a timeframe to when the damages to the

   premises occurred. Id at p. 17.

20. Mr. Winter testified that he was unaware of the condition of the premises at the time that

    it was purchased by Plaintiff. Id. at p. 18.

21. Mr. Winter testified that he was unaware of who removed a "wallpaper border" from the

   premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 20; ExhibitP-6.

22. Mr. Winter testified as to a chandelier that was removed from the premises. N. T. May 2,

    2019, p. 21; Exhibit P-6.

                                  Testimony of Neal Fulves

23. Mr. Neal Fulves testified on behalf of Plaintiff. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 25.

24, Mr. Fulves testified that he is the owner of Aspen Enterprises, LLC. Id.

25. Mr. Fulves testified that Aspen Enterprises owns the premises. Id. at p. 26.

26. Mr. Fulves testified that Plaintiff purchased the premises in May of 2017. Id.

27. Mr, Fulves testified that at the time of purchase, Defendant was residing at the premises.

   Id.

                                               5
28. Mr. Fulves testified he conducted an inspection of the premises in April of 2017. Id. atp.

   28.

29. Mr. Fulves testified that at the time of purchase, Defendant noted a concern of a potential

   water leak above the ceiling in the living room of the premises. Id at p. 27.

30. Mr. Fulves testified thatthe aforementioned leak was not an issue with the roof, rather

   the bathroom located above the living room, Id.

31. Mr. Fulves testified that upon his inspection, he could not find any leak in the bathroom

   above the living room. Id.

3 2. Mr. Fulves testified that Defendant did not complain of any other issues at the time of the

   April 2017 inspection. Id. atp. 28.

33. Mr. Fulves testified as to a document that purported to be an assignment of the lease for

   the premises from the previous owner to· Plaintiff. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 31; ExhibitP-2.

34. Mr. Fulves testified tbathis signature was on the aforementioned assignment. Id

35. Mr. Fulves testified as to a copy of the original lease between Defendant and the previous

   owner of the premises; N.T. May 2, 2019, p, 32; Exhibit P-1.

36. Mr. Fulves testified that the original lease provided for a monthly rent payment of eight

   hundred and fifty dollars ($750.00), which had since increased to eight hundred and fifty

   dollars ($850.00) pursuant to the lease addendum. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 33; Exhibit P-1.

37. Mr. Fulves testified as to an addendum to the original lease that provided thatDefendant

   would remain at the propertyafter Plaintiff had purchased the premises. N.T. May 2,

   2019, p. 33; Exhibit P-4.

3 8. Mr. Fulves testified thatthe addendum provided that the rent was eight hundred and fifty

   dollars ($850.00) per month. Id

                                             6
                         .........
                                 .I

39. Mr. Fulves testifiedthat the addendum provided that Defendant would remain at the

   premises until February 2018. Jd.

40. Mr. Fulves testified as to a text.message that he received from Defendant that indicated

   that the late fee for rent paid after the fifth of each month would be twenty-five dollars

   ($25.00). N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 34; Exhibit P-3.

41. Mr. Fulves testified that Defendant notified him of an issue with the toilet at the premises

   in September of 2017. N.T; May 2, 2019, p. 35; ExhibitP-5.

42. Mr. Fulves testified that he completed a repair on the aforementioned toilet one (1) day

   after it was reported by Defendant. Id.

43. Mr. Fulves testified that he took noticeof the interior of the premises when he repaired

   the toilet in September of 2017. N.T. May 2, 2019, pp. 35-36.

44. Mt. Fulves testified that the condition of the interior was the same in September 2017 as

   it was when Plaintiffpurchased the property. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 36.

45. Mr. Fulves testified that the premises were "in excellent shape" at the time he entered the

   property in September 2017. Id. atp. 37.

46. Mr. Fulves testified that he received a text from Defendant about an issue of leaking in

   the roof above the front room of the premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 38; Exhibit P-5.

47. Mt. Fulves testified that the nature of the complaint received on September 26, 2017 with

   the ceiling in the front room was cosmetic. Id

48. Mr. Fulves testified that he notified Defendant that he wished to fix the roof above the

   front room first and then after that he would repaint the ceiling. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 39.

49. Mi. Fulves testified as to having issues scheduling roofers to work on the premises, but

   that the roof over the front room was eventually fixed. Id.

                                              7
50. Mr. Fulves testified Defendant paid rent for October 2017irt full. Id. .atp, 40.

51. Mr. Fulves testified that Defendantpartially paid rent for November 2017. Id.

52. Mr. Fulves testified that Defendant completed repairs on the premises without his

   permission. Id. at p. 41.

53. Mr. Fulves testified that after receiving a partial payment for the rent of November 2017,

   he contacted the constable to serve paperwork on the Defendant that detailed the late

   balance as well as a notice to Cure or Quit. Id. at p. 42.

54. Mr. Fulvestestified that Defendant did not pay rent for December 2017,January 2018, or

   February 2018. Id.

5 5. Mr. Fulves testified that Defendant did. not pay late fees for November 201 7, December

   2017, January 2018, or February 2018. Id.

56. Mr. Fulves testified as to a photograph taken April 23, 201 7 that depicts the living room

   lookinginto the eat-in kitchen in the premises, N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 43; ExhibitP-6.

57. Mr. Fulves testified as to   a photograph taken December 4, 2017that depicted the same, Id.
58. Mr. Fulves testified as to differences between the April 23, 2017 and December 4, 2017

   photographs to include: (1) a wallpaper border removed, (2) a wood strip of molding

   removed from the kitchen, and (3) damage to the drywall. Id.

59. Mr. Fulves testified as to trash and carpet stains in the front bedroom of the premises.

   N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 45.

60. Mr. Fulves testified that he discovered a cat on the premises, unattended, on December 1,

   2017.Id.

61. Mr. Fulves testified that the premises cannot be accessed via the basementdoor if the

    door between the basement and the rest of the premises.is closed. Id. at p. 47.

                                               8
62. Mr. Fulves testified that on December 1, 2017, when the basement door to the outside

   was found open, both the interior basement door andthe front door were closed and

   locked with no signs of forced entry. Id at p. 48.

63. Mr. Fulves testified that the floor under the stained carpets had corresponding stains. Id.

   at p. 49.

64. Mr. Fulves testified that the alarm system onthepremises was functioning in September

   of2017.1d. atp. 51.

65. Mr. Fulves testified that the sensor forthe alarm system had been removed on thefront

   door on December 4, 2017 and thatthe system was beeping. Id

66. Mr. Fulves testified as to fluorescent lightbulbs that were broken.in the back bedroom of

   the premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 52; Exhibit P-6.

67. Mr. Fulves testified that he observed shards of glass in the carpet of the back bedroom of

   the premises. Id

68. Mr. Fulves testified that a dirty litterbox had been left behind by the tenant and that soiled

   litter had been dumped on the floor in the basement. Id.

69. Mr. Fulves testified that a toilet paperholder and toilet seat had been removed from the

   upstairs bathroom when he inspected the property on December 4, 2017. N.T; May 2,

   2019, p. 55; Exhibit P-6.

70 ... Mr. Fulves testified that the blinds in the dining room had been damaged. N.T. May 2,

   2019, p. 56; Exhibit P-6.

71. Mr. Fulves testified that molding was removed from the eat-in kitchen, that the floor was

   stained by the refrigerator, the blinds were broken, and that several floor tiles were

   damaged. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 58; Exhibit P-6.

                                              9

                                                                                   ------··-·-· -·"·"·-----· ..---..-· ..
72. Mr. Fulves testified that the exterior light had been dismantled with its exterior glass

          broken. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 59;Exhibit P..;6.

73. Mr. Fulves testified that the exterior lightwas operational before he inspected the

.        property on December 4, 2017. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 60.

74. Mr. Fulves testified that the blinds were damaged throughout the house with the

          exception of the front room, which was only missing parts. Id.

75. Mr. Fulves testified as to grease residue that wasleft.inthe kitchen and never cleaned.

          N.T. May 2, 2019, p, 61; Exhibit P-6.

76.Mr. Fulves testified as to damage done to the doors in the premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 62.

77. Mr. Fulves testified as to damage done to the walls when shelves were removed. N.T.

          May 2, 2019, p. 63; Exhibit P-6.

78. Mr. Fulves testified as to an armoire that had been removed from its position and

          knocked over in the front bedroom, N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 64; ExhibitP-6.

79. Mr. Fulves testified that on December 1, 2017, the armoirehad not been knocked over. Id

80. Mr. Fulves testified that on December 4, 2017, the cat had been removed from the

          premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 65.

8L Mr. Fulves testified that the doorJam surrounding the exterior basement door was

          damaged sometime after December I, 2017. N.T. May 2,.2019, pp. 65-66; ExhibitP-6.

82. Mr. Fulves testified that as of November 30, 2017, the exterior light on the premises was

          working. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 66; ExhibitP-6.

83. Mr. Fulves testified that the bathtub in the premises had been painted with regular "house

          paint" and that painthad been applied to the fixtures and drain and begun to chip. N.T.

          May 2, 2019, p. 68.

                                                                                                    10

""""""""-"·-····--···--------· ""''"'"····--···---·--·---··-····'"··,----·.....   ------···'"····--····--·-·---······-----------
84. Mr. Fulves testified that carpet had been removed from the bottom step of the stairs in the

   premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 70; Exhibit P-6.

85. Mr. Fulves summarily testified that when he inspected the property inApril of 2017, the

   following conditions were notpresent:

       a. Soiled carpets
       b. Broken glass in the carpet
       c. Carpet removed from the bottom step of the stairs
       d. Toppled furniture
       e. Broken door jams
       f.   Insufficient repairs
       g. Insufficient repairs to windows
       h. Broken light fixtures
       1.   Missing alarm sensors and/or components
       J.   Missing paneling and/or molding
   N.T. May 2, 2019, pp. 71-72.
86. Mr. Fulves testified that the aforementioned conditions were not present at the time that

   he repaired the toilet in September of 2017� N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 72.

87. Mr. Fulves testified that it is his understanding that the aforementioned damages/conditions

   occurred sometime between September 2017 and Dece�ber 2017. Id.

88. Mr. Fulves testified that the costs of the repairs have precluded him from fixing any of

   the damages. Id.

89. Mr. Fulves testified that when he purchased the premises, he financed it and is therefore

   making monthly mortgage payments. Id

90. Mr. Fulves testified thatthe Defendant failed to provide.him with a forwarding address

   after she moved out of the premises. Id.

                                              11
91. Mf. Fulves testified thatthe condition of the premises at the time Defendant leased the

    property was in "good order, repair, and [was] safe, clean.. .. [and in] sensible condition".

    Id. atp. 74.

 92. Mr. Fulves testified that the lease memorialized the stipulation that the Defendant had

    examined the premises and found them in good order, repair, and tenantable, N.T. May 2,

    2019, p. 74; Exhibit P-L

 93. Mr. Fulves testified that the lease provided that the Defendant would "at [her] sole

    expense, keep and maintain the leased premises and appurtenances in good and sanitary

    condition and repair during the term of the lease and any renewal thereof." Id

 94. Mr. Fulves testified that he did not receive a disclosure statement from the previous owner of

    the premises when he purchased the premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 79; Exhibit D"'7.

 95. Mr. Fulves testified that there were no provisions in the lease that explicitly permitted the

    assignment of the lease. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 81; Exhibit P-1.

 96. Mr. Fulves also testified that there were no provisions in the lease that explicitly

    prohibited the assignment ofthe lease. Id.

 97. Mr. Fulves testified that he understood that after the termination of the original one (1)

    year period of the lease, it converted to a month-to-month lease. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 82;

    Exhibit P-1.

98. Mr. Fulves testified that he had not had a conversation with the previous landlord

    regarding assigning the addendum to the lease to Mr. Fulves. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 84;

    Exhibit P-4.

99. Mr. Fulves testified that Defendant verbally agreed to stay at the premises after Mr. Fulves

   purchased the premises. N. T. May 2, 2019, p. 85; Exhibit P-4.

                                               12
100. Mr. Fulves testified that he received a letter from the city of Chester regarding his failure

   to obtain an occupancy permit for the premises sometime after November 17, 2017 and

   therefore after he had sent Defendant the Notice to Vacate the premises. N.T. May 2,

   2019, p. 87; Exhibit D-2.

101. Mr. Fulves testified that he did not and never has obtained an occupancy permit for the

   premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 89.

102. Mr. Fulves testified that he paid a two hundred and fifty dollar ($250.00) fine as a result

   of his failure to obtain an occupancy permit.N,T. May 2, 2019, p. 90.

103. Mr. Fulves testified that at the time of his initial inspection, there was no evidence of

   water damage in the sunroom of the premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 92.

104. Mr. Fulves testified that he knew that the new floor in the dining room was installed by

   the previous landlord. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 95.

105. Mr. Fulves testified that he did not.know who purchased the fluorescent bulbs or painted

   the bathtub. Id.

106. Mr. Fulves testified that he did not knowwho carpeted the premises. Id. at p. 96.

107. Mr. Fulves testified that the carpet is attached to the floor throughout the premises except

   in the front bedroom, back bedroom, dining room, the eat-in kitchen, and the kitchen. Id.

108. Mr. Fulves testified that he did not know who installed the light fixture in the dining

   room. Id. at p. 98.

109. Mr. Fulves testified that he would not have bought the premisesifit was in its current

   condition as evidenced by the photos taken in December of 2017. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 109.

                                               13
                                 Testimony of Kia Thomas

110.Ms. Kia Thomas testified that she moved into the premises in 2002. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 114.

111. Ms. Thomas testified that she was still a tenant at the premises when Plaintiffpurchased

   it in May of 2017. Id

112.Ms. Thomas testified that the premises was in good condition when she moved in in

   2002, referencing the clause· in the lease that indicated that the property was in good order,

   repair, and tenantable. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 115; ExhibitP-1.

113. Ms. Thomas testified that she agreed that it was her responsibility to maintain the

   premises.in good repair at the time of signing the lease. Id.

114.Ms. Thomas testified that she knewthatPlaintiffhad become the new owner ofthe

   premises and proceeded to pay rent to him pursuant to the lease that was originally signed

   by the previous landlord. N.T. May 2,2019, p. 117.

115. Ms. Thomas testified that she paid eight hundred and fifty dollars ($850.00) to Plaintiff for

   rent for the months of June 2017,July 2017, August 2017, September 2017, and October

   2017 because ofan agreement with the housing authority. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 121.

116.Ms. Thomas testified that there was a five (5) day grace period on rent payments after

   which a twenty-five dollar ($25.00)late fee would be assessed. N.T. May 2, 2019, p; 124;

   Exhibit P-3.

11 7. Ms. Thomas testified that the toilet in the upstairs bathroom overflowed days after

   Plaintiff fixed it. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 126.

118, Ms. Thomas testified that the carpets were not soiled in April of 201 7. N. T. May 2, 2019; p. 134.

119.Ms. Thomas testified thatshe never used the alarm system in the premises. Id. at p.135.

                                             14
120. M�;; Thomas testified there was a toilet seat attached to the toilet when she vacated the

   premises. Id atp. 136.

121. Ms. Thomas testified thatthe wall in the bathroom was initially wallpapered, which

   covered the cut-out for the toilet paper holder. Id. at pp. 136-13 7.

122.Ms. Thomas testified that; when she left the premises on November 30, 2017 t she and her

   son were unable to find their cat. Id. atp. 139.

123.Ms. Thomas testified that between May 2, 2017 and November 30, 2017, she did no

   damage to the premises. Id. at p. 140.

124. Ms. Thomas testified that she took the chandelier with her when she vacated the

   premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 144; Exhibit P-6.

125. Ms. Thomas testified that she could not recall ifany lightbulbs were broken in the back

   room when she vacated the premises. N.T. May 2,2019, p, 150; ExhibitPse.

126.Ms. Thomas testified she did not.take the litterbox with her when she vacated the

   premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 152.

127. Ms. Thomas testified that she was unaware of anything regarding the blinds being taken

   down and damaged throughout the premises. Id at pp. 153-155.

128, Ms. Thomas testified that she left trash in the kitchen when she vacated the premises. Id.

   atp.155.

129. Ms. Thomas testified that she did not damage the floor in the kitchen when she vacated

   the premises. Id. atp.156.

130. Ms. Thomas testified that she left a refrigerator behind at.the premises. Id. at p. 157.

131. Ms. Thomas testified that damage done to a door at the premises was "probably" done

   before she vacated. N. T. May 2, 2019, p. 159; Exhibit P-6.

                                              15
132.Ms, Thomas testified that she never attempted to make any repairs to any windows in the

   premises. Id.

133. Ms. Thomas testified that the armoire was still standing when she moved vacated the

   premises. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 161; Exhibit P-6.

134. Ms. Thomas testified that her brothers helped her move her belongings out of the premises

   and that she did not.supervise them throughout the process. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 163.

135. Ms. Thomas testified that if her brothers had damaged the property, she would not have

   seen them do so. Id.

136. Ms. Thomas testified that her brothers knew the circumstances that required her to vacate

   the premises. Id. at p. 164.

13 7. Ms. Thomas testified that the paint in the bathtub was applied by an employee of the

   previous owner. Id. at p. 166.

l3 8. Ms. Thomas testified that the soiling of the carpet in the back bedroom looked "fresh."

   N.T. May 2, 2019, p.166; Exhibit P-6.

139. Ms. Thomas testified that the section of carpet removed from the steps was removed by

   the previous owner. N.T. May 2,. 2019, . p. 167.

140. Ms. Thomas testified there was a light fixture in the dining room when she moved into

   the premises. Id at p, 168.

141. Ms. Thomas testified that she did not pay the entirety of the rent due· and owing for

   November 2017. Id.

142.Ms. Thomas testified that she did notpay rent for December 2017, January 2018, or

   February 2018. Id. at p. 169.

                                              16
143. Ms. Thomas testified that she did not pay any late fees for November 2017, December

   2017, January 2018, or February 2018. Id

144 .. Ms. Thomas testified that the lease did not allow for pets to be kept on the premises. N.T.

   May 2, 2019, p. 169; Exhibit   r-r.
145.Ms. Thomas testified as to the City of Chester Ordinance that requires an occupancy

   permit and precludes the collection of relit during any period ofnon-compliance. N.T.

   May 2, 2019, p. 173; Exhibit D-1.

146.Ms. Thomas testified that she incurred the following expenses to repair the ceiling of the

    front room in the premises:
                    Home Depot                       $38.01
                    (Materials)
                    Repair                           $40.00
                    Total:                           $78.01
   N.T. May 2,2019, p, 174; Exhibit D-3.

147.Ms. Thomas testified that she deducted the costs enumerated in paragraph 146 of these

   findings of fact from her rent for the month of November, 2017. N.L May 2, 2019, p. 176.

148.Ms. Thomas testified that the attached carpet in the premises had been there since she

   moved in. Id, atpp. 177-179.

149.Ms. Thomas testified asto water damage on the ceiling ofthe living room which, to her

   knowledge, was never repaired. Id. atp. 182.

150. Ms. Thomas testified that water damage occurred to the ceiling of the Jiving room after

   Plaintiff purchased the property. Id at p. 183,

151. Ms. Thomas testified that the carpet rolled up in the front bedroom was her own that she

   left behind and thatthe floor underneath was substantially the same as when she moved in.

   N.T. May 2, 2019, pp; 186-187; Exhibit P-6.

                                              17
152.Ms. Thomas testified that nothing had been done to the carpet throughout the house in: the

   fifteen years that she had lived at the premises. Id

153.Ms. Thomas testified that, atthe time of the inspection in April 2017, the carpet had been

   removed from the bottom of the stairs; Id. at p. 188.

154.Ms. Thomas testified that she purchased the blinds in the dining room when she.moved

   in. N. T. May 2, 2019, p. 190; Exhibit P-6.

155. Ms. Thomas testified that there were no blinds in the premises when she moved in, but

   that she recalled there being shades in the windows. N.T. May 2, 2019, p. 191.

156.Ms. Thomas testified thatshe did not damage the door going into the basement. Id. at p. 196.

157. Ms. Thomas testified that the gate on the basement door belonged to her. Id at p. 197.

158.Ms. Thomas testified that the light on the front of the house never worked and that

   Plaintiff kept the light lit on the property next door. Id. at p. 197.

159.Ms. Thomas testified that she paid a seven hundred and fifty dollar ($750.00) security

   deposit when she moved in which was never returned to her. Id at p. 198.

160.Ms. Tho!llas testified that water damage and roofleaks were constant issues that arose

   during her fifteen (15) years living at the premises. Id. at p. 201.

161.Ms. Thomas testified as to numerous inspections that indicated that damage was being

   done to floors in the premises by water leaking from the plumbing and roof. Id. at p. 202.

162.Ms. Thomas testified as to having to put out buckets to catch water as it dripped from the

   ceiling in the premises. Id. at p. 204:

163. Ms. Thomas testified that the carpet that she brought with her and put in the premises was

   not soiled when she put it down. Id. at p, 211.

                                               18
164. Ms. Thomas testified that she did not know the source of the stains on the carpets that she

   brought to the premises. Id. at p. 212.

165.Ms. Thomas testified that the previouslandlord had given her permission to install her

   own chandelier in the dining room. Id. at p. 216,

166. Ms. Thomas testified that she did not put the original light fixture back after removing the

   chandelier from the dining room. Id. at p. 214.

167.Ms. Thomas testified that, contraryto previous testimony where she said the previous

   landlord had not made any repairs to the premises, the previous landlord had replaced the

   dining room floor and painted throughout the premises. Id. at p. 215.

168. Ms. Thomas testified that she could not be sure that the previous landlord had not made

   repairs or replaced the roof on the premises. Id.

                                             19
                               CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

                             . The Relationship of the Parties

1. The Court finds that Plaintiff became owner of the premises on May 17, 2017.

2. The Court finds thatthe Defendant was residing, and had so resided for fifteen years

   prior, at the premises.

3. The Court finds thatafter the initial year on the original lease, the lease converted to a

   month-to-month lease. Exhibit P-1.

4. The Court finds that upon purchase of the premises, the lease between Defendant and the

   previous landlord was assigned to the Plaintiff.

5. The actions ofthe parties after the sale of the property, including Defendant's continued

   practice ofpaying the eight hundred and fifty dollar ($850.00) monthly rent payment to

   Plaintiff, further support the validity of the assignment ofthe lease.

6. The Court finds that, as a result of Defendant's assent, all rights and responsibilities

   among the parties transferred to the Plaintiff and Defendant.

                                     Damages to the Premises

7. The Court finds that Defendant was required to "keep and maintain the leased premises

   and appurtenances in good and sanitary condition and repair during the term of [the] lease

   and any renewal thereof. Exhibit P-1, ,r 13.

8. The Court finds Plaintiffwas responsible for "[m]ajor maintenance and repair of the

   leased premises, notdue to [Defendant's l misuse, waste, or neglect, or that of [her]

   employee, family, agent, or visitor." Id

9. The Court finds that Defendant was liable for any damage to the premises. proved to be

   caused by Defendant and/or her agents between May 2, 2017 and December 4, 2017.

                                              20
    10. The Court finds the testimony of John C. Winter to be credible as to the repairs that are
                                                    1
         required to be done to the premises.

    11. The Court finds that John C. Winter was unable to testify as to the causation of the

         damages to the property.

    12. The Court finds that many of the damages complained of by Plaintiff were caused by

         water damage outside of the control of Defendant, which is supported by uncontradicted

         testimony of the Defendant that the roof was leaking in multiple areas.

     13. Following review of the report ofPlaintiffs Expert and the testimony presented at trial,

         the Court finds that Defendant is liable for the costs to repair the following damages':

             a.   Damage to Rear Bedroom                                                                $853.10
             b.   Damage to Middle Bedroom                                                              $473.33
             c.   Damage to Front Bedroom                                                               $784.90
             d.   Damage to Sun Porch                                                                 $1,126.99
             e.   Damage to Living Room                                                                 $135.26
             f.   Damage to Dining Room                                                                 $401.82
             g, Damageto Eat-InKitchen                                                                $1,265.95
             h. · Damage to Kitchen                                                                     $361.91
             1. Damage to Basement                                                                      $678.05
             j. Damage Itemized under "Garage"                                                          $225.00
             k. Damage Itemized Under "Miscellaneous"                                                   $577.56
                  Total Damages                                                                       $6,883.87

    14. The Court finds thatPlaintiffis still in possession of Defendant's seven hundred and fifty

         dollar ($750.00) security deposit and that it maybe applied against the damages caused

         by Defendant.

1
  The Court notes that John C. Winter was unable to testify as to the cause of any the damages, so the Court was
required to weigh the testimony of Defendant and Plaintiff in determining what damages were caused by Defendant
2
  The gravity of the damages sought by Plaintiff is not lost on this Court, and therefore each line-item of Plaintiffs
Expert report is addressed adseriatum in the attached Appendix A entitled "Itemized Damages,"

                                                         21
15. Accordingly, the Court finds in favor of Plaintiff and against Defendant in the amount of

   six thousand, one hundred and thirty-three dollars and eighty-seven cents

   ($6,133.87), comprised of the above enumerated damages less the security deposit

   retained by Plaintiff,

                                            Unpaid Rent

16. The Court finds that as a result of the Notice to Cure or Quit served upon the Defendant

   on November 17, 2017, the subject lease was terminated.

17. Accordingly, Defendant cannot be held liable for rents owed for December 2017, January

   2018, and February 2018 or any associated late fees.

18. Therefore, the Court finds in favor of Defendant and against Plaintiff in no amount in

   regard to the unpaid rent and late fees for December 2017, January 2018, and February

   2019.

                            Chester City Ordinance No. 9 of 2016

19. The Court finds that as a consequence of the Notice to Quitor Cure, discussed supra,

   Plaintiffis unable to assert a claim.for rent or late fees for the months.of December 2017,

   January 2017, or February 2017 and therefore Defendant's assertion that Plaintiffcould

   · not collect rent for these months is moot.

20. The Court finds that as a consequence of the operation of Chester city Ordinance No. 9 of

   2016 that Plaintiff may not seek the remaining unpaid rent or late fee for November 2017.

21. Therefore, the Court finds in favor of Defendant and against Plaintiff in no amount in

   regard to the allegation that Defendant owes any backed rent or late fees to Plaintiff for

   November 2017.

                                              22
                                  Defendant's Counter-Claim

22. The Court finds that Plaintiff still possesses Defendant's seven hundred and fifty dollar

   ($750.00) security deposit.

23. The Court finds that as a consequence of damages for which Defendant is liable, Plaintiff

   is entitled to retain the security deposit.

24. Therefore, the Court finds in favor of Plaintiff and against Defendant in regard to

   Defendant's counterclaim for return of her security deposit and accordingly, Defendant's

   request for treble damages is moot.

                                            BY THE COURT:

                                                 23
                                 APPENDIX A- ITEMIZED DAMAGES

             a. Rear Bedroom
                     1. Drywall Repair                                                          $0.00
                    11. Seal Walls                                                              $0.00
                   iii. Paint Walls & Ceiling                                                   $0.00
                   iv. R&R Wallpaper Border                                                     $0.00
                    v. R&RExisting Carpet                                                      $41.80
                   vi. Sand and seal wood floor                                               $621.30
                  Vll. Add for dustless floor sanding                                         $190.00
                 vm. Windows - Vinyl Repair                                                     $0.00
                   IX. Seal& Paint Windowsill                                                   $0.00
                    x. Light bulb                                                               $0.00
                   XL Paint door slab                                                           $0.00
                  xii. Paintdoor/window trim                                                    $0.00
                 Xlll. Paint baseboard                                                          $0.00
                 XIV. Room Subtotal                                                           $853.10

             b. Hallway3
                     I. Drywall Repair                                                             $0.00
                    ii. Seal Walls                                                                 $0.00
                  111. Paint. walls·                                                               $0.00
                   IV. R&RCarpet                                                                   $0.00
                    v. R&R Replace Carpet                                                          $0.00
                   vi. R&RReplace Carpet Pad                                                       $0.00
                 vii. R&RExterior Light Fixture                                                    $0.00
                 viii. Paint door slab                                                             $0.00
                   ix. Paint door/window trim                                                     .$0.00
                    x. Paint baseboard                                                             $0.00
                   xi. Paint balustrade
                                        4
                                                                                                   $0.00
                  xii. Room Subtotal                                                               $0.00

3
  Plaintiff failed to present evidence regarding damage done to the carpet in the upstairs hallway.While Plaintiff's
expert report indicates that the carpet will need to be replaced, no facts as to the cause of the damage were presented.
4
  Testimony regarding the condition of the balustrade was conflicted, Plaintiff alleged no damage had been done to
the balustrade when he purchased the property whereas Defendant testified that the workers of the Plaintiff and/or
the previous landlord had caused the damage.

                                                          24
             c. Middle Bedroom
                       1.  Drywall Repair                                                      $0.00
                       11. Seal the walls                                                      $0.00
                     111. Paint walls                                                          $0.00
                      IV. R&R Existing Carpet                                                 $23.19
                       v. Sand and seal wood floor                                           $344.72
                      vi. Add for dustless floor sanding                                     $105.42
                     Vll. Windows - Vinyl Repair                                               $0.00
                    Vlll. Seal and paint window sill                                           $0.00
                      ix. Lightbulb                                                            $0.00
                       x. Paint door slab                                                      $0.00
                      xi. Paint door/window                                                    $0.00
                     Xll. Paint baseboard                                                      $0.00
                    Xlll. Room Subtotal                                                      $473.33

             d. Bathroom5
                     1. Seal the walls                                                          $0.00
                    ii. Paint walls                                                             $0.00
                   111. Seal & paint window sill                                                $0.00
                   iv. Paint door slab                                                          $0.00
                    V. Paint door/window                                                        $0.00
                   VI. Paint baseboard                                                          $0.00
                  Vil. Repair access panel frame                                                $0.00
                 vm. Seal & paint trim                                                          $0.00
                                        6
                   IX. Refinish bathtub                                                         $0.00
                    x. R&R Light Bar - 3 Lights                                                 $0.00
                     XI.    Room Subtotal                                                       $0.00

             e. Front Bedroom
                    i. Drywall Repair                                                          $0.00
                   ii. Seal the walls and ceiling                                              $0.00
                     111.   R&R Remove Existing Carpet                                        $38.46
                     IV.  Sand and seal wood floor                                           $571.63
                      v:  Add for dustless floor sanding                                     $174.81
                      VI. Windows - Vinyl Repairs                                              $0.00
                     vu. Seal & Paint Window sill                                              $0.00
                    Vlll. Room Subtotal                                                      $784.90

5
  Plaintiff asserted that the toiletpaper holder in the bathroom had been damaged by Defendant, but no evidence
regarding value or damages to replace/repair the holder were offered at trial. The Expert Reportis similarly silent on
this issue.
6
  The testimony of Defendant was that workers for the previous landlord had painted the tub using standard house
paint. Plaintiff was unable to testify as to whether the tub's condition reflected the same condition as when hewas in
the premises in September 2017 or when he purchased the property.

                                                         25
                               ··�

             f.   Stairwell
                       1. Drywall repair                                                      $0.00
                      11. Paint walls                                                         $0.00
                     iii. Repair Balustrade                                                   $0.00
                     IV. Paint Balustrade                                                     $0.00
                      v. R&R Remove Carpet'                                                   $0.00
                     vi. R&R replace carpet                                                   $0.00
                    vii. R&R replace carpet pad                                               $0.00
                    Vlll. Step charge for "waterfall" installation                            $0.00
                     ix. Room Subtotal                                                        $0.00

             g. Sun Porch (''Sun Room" or ''Front Room")
                     l. R&R Acoustic ceiling tile                                            $0.00
                    ii. R&R Cove molding                                                     $0.00
                  iii. Paint cove molding                                                    $0.00
                  iv. Seal the walls                                                         $0.00
                    v. Paintthe walls                                                        $0.00
                  vi. Doorrepair                                                            $65.00
                  vii. Electrical - Replace Alarm Sensor8                                    $0.00
                 Vlll. Window blinds
                                       9                                                   $885.48
                   IX. Paint door slab                                                      $26.08
                    x. Paint door/window trim                                              $150.43
                   xi. Paint baseboard                                                       $0.00
                  Xll. R&R remove carpet'?                                                   $0.00
                 xm. R&R replace carpet                                                      $0;00
                                                                                             $0.00
                     ;

                 XIV. R&R replace Carpet pad
                  xv. Room Subtotal                                                      $1,126.99

7 In regards to the alleged damages to the carpeting on the stairs, Plaintiff offered no testimony regarding the
condition of said carpet outside of the allegation that Defendant had tom the carpet off the bottom step. This
testimony was rebutted by Defendant. Plaintiff presented no evidence regarding the condition of the carpet when he
purchased the property as well as failed to allege any soiling of the carpet.
8
  Defendanttestified that during her time living at the premises, the alarm system was never operational.
9
  Defendant testified that when she moved into the premises, she recalled "shades'' being present in the windows of
the premises. However, there is no testimony regarding what wiridows had these "shades" and what rooms did not to
indicate what "shades" she replaced with blinds versus where she hung blinds where there were none before.
10
   The Court did not hear testimony regarding specific damage done to the sun porch carpet. Defendant alleged and
Plaintiff admitted that the roof above the sun porch was leaking and therefore, damage to the carpet in the room may
have been water damage.

                                                        26
             h. Living Room
                       l.   Drywall repair                                                      $0.00
                      ii.   R&Racoustic ceiling tile11                                          $0.00
                     lll.   R&R cove molding                                                   $98.32
                      IV.   Paintcove molding                                                  $36.94
                      v.    Seal the walls                                                      $0.00
                     VI.    Paintthe walls                                                      $0.00
                     vii.   Paintdoor/window trim                                               $0.00
                    viii.   Paintbaseboard                                                      $0.00
                      IX.   R&RRemove Carpet                                                    $0.00
                      x.    R&R Replace. Carpet                                                 $0.00
                      Xl.   R&R replace carpet pad                                              $0.00
                                                          12
                    xii.    Clean fireplace face & mantel                                       $0.00
                    xiii.   Room Subtotal                                                     $135.26

             ].   Dining Room
                       1. Drywall repair                                                        $0.00
                      11. R&R acoustic ceiling tile                                             $0.00
                    iii. R&R crown molding.                                                     $0.00
                     IV, R&R chandelier13                                                       $0.00
                      v. Paint crown molding                                                    $0.00
                     vi. Thermostat                                                             $0.00
                    Vil. Seal the walls                                                         $0.00
                   Vlll. Paintthe walls                                                         $0.00
                     IX. Repair doors                                                         $150.00
                      x. Paint door slab                                                      $104.32
                     xi. Paint door ..                                                         $64.47
                    xii. Paintbaseboard                                                         $0.00
                   xiii. Clean floor - Heavy                                                   $83.03
                   xiv, Room Subtotal                                                         $401.82

11
   Defendant testified as to the existence of water damage in the Jiving room in April 2017.
12
   No testimony was offered with regard to the condition of the fireplace and/or mantel.
13
   Defendant testified that she permission from the previous landlord to remove the previously installed light fixture
and install her own chandelier in its place. There was no conflicting evidence presented that Defendant was indeed
the owner of the chandelier. Defendant failed to reinstall the previous light fixture upon departure, but Plaintiff
failed to provide any estimate of cost to install a comparable light as was previously in the dining room upon which
the Court could award damages.

                                                          27
j.   Eat-In Kitchen
          i. Drywall repair                        $0.00
         ii. Seal the walls                        $0.00
        111. Paintthe walls                        $0.00
        lV, Light fixture - detach and reset       $0.00
         v. Paint door                            $85.96
        Vl. R&R window blind                     $442.74
       vn. Paint chair rail                        $0.00
      Vlll. Seal & paint baseboards                $0.00
        IX. Remove tear out vinyl                $142.40
         x. R&R Underlayment                     $239.20
        XL Vinyl tile                            $317.68
       xii. Remove and reset refrigerator         $38.00
      Xlll. Room Subtotal                      $1,265.95

k. Kitchen
        1. Drywall repair                          $0.00
       u. Seal the ceiling                         $0.00
      111. Paint the ceiling                       $0.00
      iv. Light fixture - detach and reset         $0.00
       v. Paintdoor                               $64.47
      Vl. R&R window blind                      $147,58
     vii. Paint cabinetry                          $0.00
    viii. Clean range - exterior                  $21.98
      IX. R&R Countertop                           $0.00
       x. R&R Sink sprayer                         $0.00
      xr, R&R vinyl cove                           $0.00
     Xll. Remove Tear out vinyl and underlay      $26.06
    xm. R&R Underlayment                          $43.74
    xiv. Vinyl tile                               $58;08
     xv. Room Subtotal                           $361.91

                                     28
              l Mudroom14
                        i. Seal floor                                                               $0.00
                       11. R&R•drywall                                                              $0.00
                      iii. R&Racoustic ceiling tile furring                                         $0.00
                      lV. R&Racoustic ceiling tile                                                  $0.00
                       v. R&RPorcelain light                                                        $0.00
                       ..
                      vi. R&Rpaneling
                     Vll. Paint door slab
                                                                                                    $0.00
                                                                                                    $0.00
                     Vlll. Paint door                                                               $0.00
                      IX. R&Rvinyl cove                                                             $0.00
                       x. Remove tear out vinyl                                                     $0.00
                      XI. R&Runderlayment                                                           $0.00
                     Xll. Vinyl tile                                                                $0.00
                     xm. Room Subtotal                                                              $0.00

              m. Basement
                      1. R&Rporcelain light                                                         $0.00
                     11. R&Rwood door                                                             $151.55
                    Ill. Finish hardware labor min.                                               $125.26
                   iv. R&Rdoor opening                                                            $140.90
                     v. Masonry labor min.                                                        $165.20
                    VI. Paint door trim                                                            $42.98
                   Vil. Paintdoor slab                                                             $52.16
                  viii. Room Subtotal                                                             $678.05

              h. Garage15
                     i. Remove items left behind by tenant                                         $225.00
                    ii. Room Subtotal                                                              $225.00

              0.   Exterior
                       1. R&RExterior Light
                                            16                                                        $0.00
                      ii. Room Subtotal                                                               $0.00

14
   The record was devoid of any specific testimony with regard to damages in a "mudroom" in the premises.
15
   No testimony was offered regarding belongings found in the garage. However, Defendant had been in sole
possession of the property for fifteen years and Plaintiffs expert testified that all of the expenses listed in his report
were required to repair damage to the property. It follows that the items in the garage were the belongings of the
Defendant and therefore she is liable for the cost to remove them.                                            ·
l6 Conflicting testimony was presented at trial where Plaintiff indicated that the light had been in working order and
Defendant stated that it did not. Defendant testified thatPlaintiffhad left the exterior light on atthe next door
property to illuminate the area that would have been dark because the exterior light on the premises was not
operational. The Court reviewed the photograph thatPlaintiff asserted in their proposed findings of fact showed that
the exterior light on the premises was operational. but found the photograph to be inconclusive.

                                                           29
             p. Miscellaneous
                   i. Single axle dump truck                                                $577.56
                      n. General     demolition17                                              $0.00
                     iii. Room Subtotal                                                      $577.56

17
  While Plaintiff's testimony did testify as to the work required to remove Defendant's belongings, as well as the
need to dispose of the soiled carpets, there was no testimony regarding "general demolition costs" or what they may
entail and therefore the Court does not award damages for them.

                                                        30
                                                                                          Circulated 09/30/2020 10:09 AM

IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
                                      CIVIL ACTION· LAW

ASPEN ENTERPRISES, LLC                                      NO. 2017-010493

               v.
KIA THOMAS

                                           OPINION

ANGELOS;J.                                                                            January 22, 2020

                              Procedural and Factual History

       On November 14, 2019, this Court entered an Order denying the Defendant Kia

Thomas's Motion for New Trial and/or Arrest of Judgment. That Motion had been filed in

response to this Court's July 9, 2019 Decision entered after a non-jury trial conducted between

Plaintiff landlord Aspen Enterprises, LLC, and Defendant tenant, Kia Thomas. This Court's

Decision awarded the Plaintiff the sum of $6,133.87 for damages to the premises sustained as a

result the tenant's occupancy. The Decision further denied the Defendant's counterclaim for

failure to return the security deposit.

        At trial, Mr. Neal Fulves testified in his capacity as the principal of Aspen Enterprises

LLC., and Plaintiff called Johri C. Winter, a former insurance adjuster and currently a restoration

contractor as a damage expert. Plaintiff introduced seven (7) exhibits into the record which

consisted of the original lease between the parties, an assignment of the lease, text messages, a

lease addendum, photographs, and a damage estimate prepared by John C. Winter, LLC. Plaintiff

also called Kia Thomas as on cross-examination. The Defendant testified on her own behalf and

                                                                ..............   _.    -----------
presented six (6) exhibits into the record consisting of City of Chester Ordinance No. 9, dated

April 27, 2016, City of Chester correspondence dated November 17, 2017 notifying Plaintiff that

the rental premises were lacking a certificate of occupancy, a repair receipt, photographs, an

agreement of sale for the premises and a notice to quit.

        Afterthe May 2, 2019 non-jury proceeding was completed, able counsel for both parties

submitted detailed proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. On July 9, 2019 this Court

entered. its Decision which included one hundred sixty-eight (168) findings of fact, twenty-four

(24) conclusions of law, and an appendix which detailed the damages awarded in the amount of

$6,883 .87 to the Plaintiff.

                       Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal

        Kia Thomas timely complied with this Court's Order to file a Statement of Matters

Complained on Appeal pursuant to PA. R. P. 1925(b )(1) and submitted that this Court erred in

dismissing her counter-claim for recovery of rent paid during the time Plaintiff failed to possess

an Occupancy Permit for the premises and for denying the counter-claim seeking return of the

security deposit. The Defendant further complained that the testimony of John C. Winter should

have been precluded due to his inspection taking place on January 12, 2019, a year after the

Complaint had been filed (January     8, 2018) and   after an arbitration hearing had been held on

September 11, 2018. The Defendant also complains that Plaintifffailed to submit.a written list of

damages to the Defendant within thirty (30) days of the surrender of the premises and therefore

forfeited its right to withhold the security and seek damages pursuant to the Landlord Tenant Act

(68 PA. C. S. A. section 250.512(b)). Defendant complains that the property damages in the

                                              2.
amount of$6,883.87 were not supported by the weight of the evidence because Plaintiff failed to

establish any damage between his date of purchase of the premises (May 2, 2017) and the date

Defendant vacated the premises (December 4, 2017), Finally, Defendant alleges error in this

Court's failure to consider the age of the items that needed to be replaced, that most items were

fifteen (15) years old or older, and that the Court should have used the value of the property at

the time it was damaged as opposed to the replacement value of the property.

                                         Discussion

       This Court incorporates hereto its Decision of July 9, 2019 and the findings of fact,

conclusions of law and the appendix attached thereto. Tenant moved into the premises on

February 1, 2002 pursuant to the residential lease agreement. Plaintiff purchased the premises on

May 2, 2017. Tenant withheld $78.01 from her November 1, 2017 rental payment due to the

purchase of paint and repair cost for alleged damage to a ceiling. Landlord responded with a

notice of default and a notice of termination of the lease. The tenant then contacted the City of

Chester, which issued a November 17, 2017 violation notice to Plaintiff for failure to rent the

premises with a Certificate of Occupancy as required by City of Chester Ordinance Number 9 of

2016, Article 1703.02, Tenant vacated the premises on December 4, 2017.

       Article 1703.02 ofthe City of Chester provides that an owner who fails to obtain a use

and occupancy permit ".,. shall be subject to all remedies allowed by law including prosecution

and fines under any applicable city Ordinance and in addition thereto they shall be denied the

right to recover possession of the premises or to collect rent during any period of

noncompliance." Pursuant to this provision, this Court's July 9, 2019 Decision did not award

Plaintiff any rental damages it sought for December 2017, and January and February 2018.

                                             3.
                                                                    ...,
                                                                       -.,<'.,

Contrary to Defendant's argument, Article 1703,02 does not provide for tenant recovery ofprior

rental payments against landlords but only prohibits the collection of rent by the landlord. This

Court further notes that this claim was pied in the amended new matter filed by the Defendant

and not.in the amended counterclaim.

       This Court found Neal Fulves's testimony credible that the Defendant failed to provide

her forwarding address to the Plaintiff upon vacating the premises. Therefore section 250.512 (b)

of   the      Landlord   Tenant    Act    barring    recovery     by             landlord   for   premise

damages for failure to provide a written list to tenant within (30) days was not applicable to this

proceeding. Defendant's counsel cited his client's December 15, 2017 Notice of Appeal to the

Common Pleas Court from the Magisterial District Court landlord/tenant judgment which

contained Defendant's new address and submitted that this Notice complied with section

250.512(b).    However, Section 250.512(e) requires tenants to provide their new address in

writing upon termination or surrender and acceptance of the.leasehold premises. Tenant filed her

new address of record with this Court on December 15, 2017. Plaintiff filed its complaint with

damages detailed on January 8, 2018. This court finds no violation of Section 250.512.

       This Court's findings of fact and the transcript at page fifteen (15) establishes that John

C. Winter in inspecting the premises on January 12, 2019 testified that the condition in the

premises on that date were substantially similar to the photographs taken by the Plaintiff

depicting the premises on April 23, 2017, December l, 4, and 24, 2017 and January 13, 2018.

This Court found credible the testimony of John C. Winter that his estimate was based on the

condition and damages to the premises at the time the Defendant vacated the premises. The

                                              4.
                                                                     _ ...

testimony of Neal Fulves was also accepted as detailing the damages to the premises after his

purchase of the property.

         Plaintiff established that the damaged occurred in the premises between the date of his

purchase May 2, 2017 and the date Defendants vacated the premises on December 4, 2017. The

photographs depict soiled carpets, floors, damaged window blinds, trash, and other debris that

this Court awarded in its decision to Plaintiff. Defendant failed to present any evidence

establishing that the value of the property was less than the damage to the premises caused by the
Defendant. Damage to property is covered generally by Pa.S.S.J.I. (Civ.) Section 7.150. Where

damages to property do not amount to total loss, damages should be measured by the difference

between the value of the chattel before the harm and the value after the harm, or at Plaintiffs

election, the reasonable cost of repair or restoration. Lobozzo v. Adam Eidemiller, Inc., 263 A.2d

432 (Pa. 1970). Plaintiff in this proceeding opted for the reasonable cost of repair or restoration.

Defendant failed to present any value concerning damages except the purchase price of the

property. This Court awarded damages which were less than the recent purchase price paid by

Plaintiff.

        For these reasons, this Court entered its Decision of July 9, 2019 and requests its

Decision not be disturbed.

                                              5.