Court Opinion

ID: 4632237
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-21 03:11:22.414322+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:46:37.792842
License: Public Domain

STANLEY M. BOLSTER, EXECUTOR, ESTATE OF MARGARET A. BRIGHAM, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.Bolster v. CommissionerDocket No. 21223.United States Board of Tax Appeals23 B.T.A. 347; 1931 BTA LEXIS 1886; May 20, 1931, Promulgated *1886  From March 1, 1913, to the beginning of the taxable year, a corporation annually made distributions to its stockholders in excess of its taxable net income.  The Commissioner increased the allowances for depletion for years prior to the taxable year.  Such of which represented a liquidation of the corporation.  The petitioner book value of its paid-in surplus.  In the taxable year the decedent received distributions from this corporation, a portion of which represented a liquidation of the corporation.  The pttitioner claims that such pro rata part of the distributions received as is applicable to the increases in allowances for depletion in prior years is not taxable to the recipient.  Held, that such portion of the distributions received in the taxable year as represents earnings of the taxable year constitutes taxable income.  Philip Nichols, Esq., and J. A. Boyer, Esq., for the petitioner.  J. E. Marshall, Esq., for the respondent.  SMITH*347  This is a proceeding for the redetermination of a deficiency in income tax for the calendar years 1922 and 1923 in the amounts of $63.20 and $3,988.56, respectively.  The allegation of error*1887  stated in the petition is: The taxing of $140,945.60, received by the petitioner in 1923 from the Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields, as dividends out of earnings accumulated subsequent to March 1, 1913.  FINDINGS OF FACT.  The petitioner is executor of the estate of Margaret A. Brigham, who died testate on November 18, 1924.  During the years 1922 and 1923, Margaret A. Brigham owned 362,365 shares of stock of the Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields, a corporation which was incorporated in 1905, under the laws of the State of Maine.  Its original capital stock was 2,400,000 shares of common stock having a par value of $5 per share.  The company has been highly successful in gold dredging from the time of its organization.  It has earned substantial profits and has paid large dividends to its stockholders in each year.  In 1916 the company reduced the par value of its stock from $5 per share to $1 per share and through this adjustment it transferred on its books from capital stock account to paid-in surplus account $9,600,000.  *348  During 1923 Margaret A. Brigham received as a distribution from the corporation the sum of $140,945.60, and was advised by the corporation that*1888  25 per cent thereof, or $35,236.50, was a distribution from profits and the balance $105,709.10, or 75 per cent, was a distribution in partial liquidation.  On rendering her return for the calendar year 1923 the decedent reported the $35,236.50 as a taxable dividend.  In the deficiency notice upon the basis of which this proceeding is brought the taxable portion of the distributions was increased to $46,286.54, on the ground that of the total amount of the distributions made by the corporation in the calendar year 1923, $46,286.54 was from current earnings.  The corporation keeps its books of account on a fiscal year basis ending the last day of February of each year.  During the calendar year 1923, it made four distributions of 10 cents on each share of stock, the first three distributions being declared as "a distribution in liquidation of capital" and the fourth or last one as a distribution "from earnings." From March 1, 1913, to the beginning of the calendar year 1923, the corporation each year had a taxable net income after the allowance of a large amount for depletion.  For the years 1914 to 1922, inclusive, the corporation charged on its books a total depletion of $6,167,060.99. *1889  The total depletion for that period as finally determined by the Commissioner was $6,915,143.12.  The depletion as thus determined in 1922 by the Commissioner was substituted upon the company's books of account as of February 28, 1923, in the place of the total depletion allowance previously claimed by the corporation.  The net result of this substitution was the recognition by the corporation at that time that its assets were $388,904.73 less than they were shown to be by its books.  The corporation in its accounts treated this figure of $388,904.73 as a deficit in its surplus account.  It considered that its earnings in 1923, amounting to $315,264, were applicable for the purpose of wiping out this deficit, and that the result was that the total distributions to the stockholders in 1923 were from capital.  The Commissioner determined that of the distributions made in 1923, $315,264 was "covered" by earnings and constituted taxable income.  OPINION.  SMITH: The petitioner has abandoned its contention with respect to the deficiency determined for the calendar year 1922.  The only question presented by this proceeding is what portion, if any, of the $140,945.60 distributed*1890  to the decedent, Margaret A.  *349  Brigham, in 1923, by the Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields is taxable to her as dividends from the company in that year.  The decedent reported taxable dividends of $35,236.50, while the respondent has determined that $46,286.54 is the amount of the taxable dividends.  The petitioner contends that no part of the amount received was a taxable dividend, for the reason that the entire amount distributed in 1923 was from capital and that no part was from earnings made subsequent to March 1, 1913; that the current earnings of the company for 1923 should be used to offset additional allowances for depletion in prior years.  The petitioner does not deny that the corporation's taxable net income for the period in question amounted to $315,264, the amount determined by the respondent, and that $46,286.54 of the net income is the amount allocable to decedent's shares.  The 1921 Revenue Act applicable to the present case contains the following provisions: SEC. 201. (a) That the term "dividend" * * * means any distribution made by a corporation to its shareholders * * * out of its earnings or profits accumulated since February 28, 1913 * * * (b) For*1891  the purposes of this Act every distribution is made out of earnings and profits, and from the most recently accumulated earnings or profits, to the extent of such earnings or profits accumulated since February 28, 1913 * * * (c) Any distribution * * * made * * * otherwise than out of (1) earnings or profits accumulated since February 28, 1913, or (2) earnings or profits accumulated or increase in value of property accrued prior to March 1, 1913, shall be applied against and reduce the basis provided in section 202 for the purpose of ascertaining the gain derived or the loss sustained from the sale or other disposition of the stock or shares by the distributee.  The petitioner contends for the proposition: That when a corporation has a deficit, however created, in its capital or paid-in surplus account, the income of a subsequent year may be applied to restore the impaired capital or paid-in surplus, and, if such income is so applied and is subsequently distributed as a dividend in liquidation, such distribution will not be deemed a distribution out of accumulated earnings or profits and will not be taxable as income to the stockholders receiving the distribution.  The Yuba*1892 Consolidated Gold Fields, had large net incomes for all of the years ended subsequent to March 1, 1913, including the calendar year 1923.  Each year it distributed to its stockholders amounts greatly in excess of its taxable net income.  The portion admittedly in excess of the taxable net income was treated as a return of capital and the stockholders were not required to pay income tax thereon.  The respondent made an adjustment in the returns of the corporation from which it appeared that a larger proportion of the dividends paid in the years prior to the taxable *350  year was from capital account than the corporation had supposed to be the case.  All that happened at the close of its fiscal year ended February 28, 1923, was that the corporation reduced its paid-in surplus by the amount of the adjustment which had been made by the respondent.  Such adjustment in no way changed the taxable net income of the corporation for 1923 or the profits of 1923 included in the distributions to stockholders in that year.  The facts here are similar to those in *1893 , where we said: It is the contention of the petitioner that at the beginning of the year 1924, each of the four corporations named in the findings of fact had a capital deficit, or impairment of capital, greater in amount than its earnings for 1924 and 1925; that, therefore, they had no accumulated earnings or profits available for the payment of dividends in those years, and that the distributions of which the petitioner received a part, and which constitute the receipts on which the deficiencies herein are predicated, represented a return of capital and not taxable income.  Stated in another way, his contention is that the accumulated and current earnings of each of the corporations must first be applied to wipe out its deficit, or impairment of capital, before there can be any earnings available for the payment of dividends, even though the deficit, or impairment of capital, resulted from the making of distributions in prior years in amounts greater than the then accumulated earnings or profits.  * * * The contention of the petitioner is not sound.  To hold that before a corporation can have accumulated earnings or profits it*1894  must first make good an impairment, or reduction of capital caused by distributing to its stockholders amounts in excess of its prior earnings, would do violence to both the letter and spirit of the law, and would enable any corporation constantly to pay nontaxable dividends to its stockholders by the simple expedient of making distributions out of capital, subsequently restoring the capital from earnings, and repeating the process.  In the instant case the corporations mentioned had their capital intact, except the part that had been returned to their stockholders through distributions in prior years, and at the time the distributions in question were made they also had earnings or profits accumulated since February 28, 1913.  It is our opinion that the distributions must be deemed to have been made from those earnings or profits to the extent thereof, and that they answer to that extent all the requirements of a "dividend." Our decision in the Henninger case is controlling in this proceeding.  The petitioner also relies upon the fact that the Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields specifically declared the first three dividends paid in 1923 as being in liquidation of capital assets*1895  of the company.  A statement in a corporate resolution, however, that the dividend is declared out of paid-in surplus does not render it nontaxable.  For Congress has plainly provided in section 201(a) of the Revenue Act of 1921 that any distribution made by a corporation to its stockholders is a dividend to the extent of earnings or profits accumulated since February 28, 1913.  See . *351  There appearing to be no error in the computation of the deficiency found by the respondent, his determination is approved.  Reviewed by the Board.  Judgment will be entered for the respondent.