Court Opinion

ID: 4180916
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-06-26 21:02:20.152101+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:55:10.512772
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     CATHY C. BRYANT,                                DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         AT-0845-16-0037-I-1

                  v.

     OFFICE OF PERSONNEL                             DATE: January 3, 2017
       MANAGEMENT,
                   Agency.

                  THIS ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Cathy C. Bryant, Maryville, Tennessee, pro se.

           Cynthia Reinhold, Washington, D.C., for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                              Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
                                 Mark A. Robbins, Member

                                     REMAND ORDER

¶1         The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) has filed a petition for review
     of an initial decision, which reversed OPM’s reconsideration decision finding that
     the appellant received an overpayment of $33,375.05 in annuity benefits under
     the Federal Employees’ Retirement System (FERS). For the reasons discussed

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                           2

     below, we GRANT the petition for review, VACATE the initial decision, and
     REMAND the case to the Atlanta Regional Office for further adjudication in
     accordance with this Order.

                      DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶2         The appellant retired on a FERS disability retirement, effective October 7,
     2009, from a Rural Carrier position with the U.S. Postal Service (USPS). Initial
     Appeal File (IAF), Tab 5 at 51, 62. From May 29, 1982, to January 12, 1991, the
     appellant worked continuously under indefinite, noncareer appointments as a
     Rural Carrier Relief or Rural Carrier Associate for the USPS.            Id. at 57-58;
     Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1 at 5. During that period of employment,
     she worked in positions subject only to the payment of So cial Security taxes
     under the Federal Insurance Compensation Act, until she received an appointment
     as a regular rural carrier on January 12, 1991. IAF, Tab 5 at 59, 66-67. As of
     January 12, 1991, the appellant’s service became covered under FERS and her
     pay was subject to FERS retirement deductions.           Id. at 44.    The appellant’s
     service remained covered under FERS until OPM approved her disability
     retirement application and she retired on October 7, 2009, at the age of 60. 2 IAF,
     Tab 5 at 62, 68, Tab 8, Initial Decision (ID) at 2.
¶3         Prior to determining the appellant’s regular annuity benefit based on the
     determination that her average salary was $56,195 , OPM paid the appellant an
     estimated annuity benefit for the period of October 8, 2009, to January 30, 2013.
     IAF, Tab 5 at 35, 45, 68.       OPM calculated the appellant’s estimated interim
     annuity benefit under the FERS disability computational formula applicable to
     annuitants under 62 years of age who are not eligible for immediate retirement.
     Id. at 45, 68. OPM subsequently informed the appellant that it had overpaid her
     in the amount of $20,453.92 for this period. Id. at 35.

     2
      The appellant elected a reduced annuity with a partial survivor annuity for her spouse.
     IAF, Tab 5 at 51.
                                                                                             3

¶4         The appellant requested reconsideration of this decision.             IAF, Tab 5
     at 16-17. OPM determined that the original annuity and overpayment amount was
     incorrect and that the appellant was entitled to an immediate voluntary retirement
     annuity under 5 U.S.C. § 8412 when she retired on October 7, 2009. Id. at 26.
     OPM based the change on corrections to the amount of service credited in her
     annuity, having determined that the appellant qualified for a voluntary annuity
     because she had more than 20 years of service when she retired at 60 years old.
     Id.   OPM determined that because the appellant qualified for an immediate
     retirement annuity, her annuity benefits could not be calculated under disability
     retirement law. Id. OPM issued a corrected annuity computation on January 6,
     2014, and determined that the appellant received a disability annuity overpayment
     of $48,416.98. Id.
¶5         OPM also informed the appellant that she had the right to elect between a
     voluntary annuity and a disability retirement annuity, and that her election would
     affect the amount of her overpayment.          Id.   OPM advised the appellant that
     electing a voluntary retirement annuity would result in an overpayment of
     $33,381.05. 3 Id. at 27. On March 5, 2015, OPM determined that the appellant
     had elected a voluntary retirement annuity, and OPM proposed to collect the
     overpayment of $33,375.05 4 in 96 installments of $347.32 with a final installment
     of $32.33. IAF, Tab 5 at 9-10.
¶6         On March 30, 2015, the appellant submitted a request for a waiver and for
     reconsideration of the existence or amount of overpayment, and she offered to

     3
       OPM also explained that the appellant’s election of the voluntary annuity would
     entitle her to receipt of the FERS annuity supplement in the amount of $15,572, a
     benefit to which she would not have been entitled if she elected the disability retirement
     annuity. IAF, Tab 5 at 27. Regardless of which annuity that the appellant elected to
     receive, OPM determined that the correct gross annuity payment was $1 ,004. Id.
     at 26-27.
     4
       OPM initially stated that if the appellant elected a voluntary retirement annuity the
     overpayment was $33,381.05; however, OPM’s March 5, 2015 correspondence
     indicated that the overpayment was $33,375.05.
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     send OPM a compromise payment of $2,000. Id. at 10-29. The appellant also
     submitted a Financial Resources Questionnaire (FRQ) for consideration with her
     request. Id. at 18-20. OPM denied her reconsideration request finding that she
     was not at fault in creating the overpayment but she did not qualify for a waiver
     because she had not shown that recovery would be against equity and good
     conscience. Id. at 6-8. OPM also rejected the appellant’s compromise offer of
     $2,000, having determined that she did not show that recovering the overpayment
     would cause her financial hardship based on the information in her FRQ. Id.
     at 7-8.
¶7         The appellant filed an appeal with the Board challenging OPM’s
     reconsideration decision. IAF, Tab 1. In her appeal, the appellant asked OPM to
     explain the 3-year delay in notifying her of the overpayment and argued that she
     relied on OPM’s computations. Id. at 4. In an initial decision, the administrative
     judge reversed OPM’s reconsideration decision and remanded the case to OPM
     with instructions to recompute the appellant’s disability annuity from October 8,
     2009 forward, by eliminating the FERS service credit for any Federal service that
     the appellant performed prior to January 12, 1991.          ID at 1, 13.      The
     administrative judge found that the appellant accrued 18 years, 10 months, and
     26 days of service, from January 12, 1991, through October 8, 2009, and that
     OPM erroneously credited the appellant’s nondeduction service with the USPS
     from May 29, 1982, through December 31, 1988, to find her eligible for an
     immediate voluntary retirement as of her last day in pay on October 7, 2009. ID
     at 6, 9, 12. The administrative judge found no evidence that the appellant made
     the necessary deposit to obtain FERS credit for any of her nondeduction pre-1991
     service, and that she was not eligible for a voluntary retirement annuity because
     she did not have 20 years of service credit. ID at 10-12. The administrative
     judge also found that the appellant, as a Postal employee, was not an “employee”
     for the purposes of FERS. ID at 9.
                                                                                       5

¶8          Having found that the appellant was not eligible for a voluntary retirement
      annuity under 5 U.S.C. § 8412(b) when she separated from service, the
      administrative judge found that OPM improperly determined that the appellant’s
      disability retirement annuity had to be computed under 5 U.S.C. § 8415, rather
      than under the “60%/40%” provisions of 5 U.S.C. § 8452(a).        ID at 13.   The
      administrative judge found that OPM correctly based the appellant’s interim
      annuity payments on the determination that she would be entitled to have her
      annuity computed under the “60%/40%” provisions of 5 U.S.C. § 8452(a), rather
      than under section 8415, and that OPM failed to establish the existence or the
      amount of the overpayment by a preponderance of the evidence. ID at 7, 13. The
      administrative judge found it unnecessary to determine if the appellant was
      entitled to a waiver of the overpayment or an adjustment of the repayment
      schedule. ID at 6.
¶9          OPM filed a petition for review asking the Board to vacate the initial
      decision and remand the case to the administrative judge to adjudicate whether
      the appellant is eligible for a waiver of the overpayment or for an adjustment of
      her recovery schedule. PFR File, Tab 1 at 4. OPM argues that the administrative
      judge erred by finding that the appellant did not meet the requirements for an
      immediate annuity under 5 U.S.C. § 8412(b). Id. OPM further argues that the
      administrative judge “erroneously concluded that the appellant was not entitled to
      make, and had not made, a service credit deposit for her noncontributory service
      with the U.S. Postal Service from May 29, 1982, through December 31, 19 88.”
      Id.
¶10         OPM states that it properly computed the appellant’s FERS annuity based
      on all of her creditable service, including the periods that she worked “from
      May 29, 1982, through December 31, 1988, for which the appellant paid a service
      credit deposit in full.” Id. at 12. OPM also explains that “[t]he computation,
      billing, payment acceptance and record keeping of civilian service credit deposits
      are maintained by OPM” and that OPM’s regulations required the appellant to
                                                                                        6

      make the deposit to OPM, not to the employing agency. Id. OPM requests “the
      opportunity to submit documentary evidence that the appellant paid a deposit for
      her noncontributory service from May 29, 1982, through January 11, 1991.” Id.
      at 13.
¶11            To further develop the record on review, the Board issued an order to show
      cause, which afforded OPM and the appellant an opportunity to submit proof that
      she made the deposit necessary to render any of her noncontributory service
      creditable under FERS. PFR File, Tab 3. The parties responded by submitting
      proof that the appellant made the deposit required under 5 U.S.C. § 8415(b)(3)
      and (f)(2) for her noncontributory service from May 29, 1982, through
      December 31, 1988. PFR File, Tabs 4-5. Specifically, the appellant provided: a
      “RTR Retirement Plan Correction Report” identifying her career and noncareer
      appointments; a document from OPM stating that she was required to pay a
      deposit of $2,371.98 to obtain credit under FERS for her service from May 29,
      1982, through December 31, 1988; and a May 23, 2008 letter from OPM
      acknowledging her request to make the deposit. PFR File, Tab 5 at 3-9. OPM
      provided a copy of the appellant’s application to make the service credit deposit
      and records from OPM’s service credit and deposit account system showing that
      she paid the full deposit amount of $2,371.98, which was required for OPM to
      credit her noncontributory service in computing her FERS annuity benefit. PFR
      File, Tab 4 at 4-5, 7, 9-18.
¶12            Having reviewed the parties’ submissions, we find sufficient proof that the
      appellant made the deposit required to obtain credit under FERS for her
      noncontributory service from May 29, 1982, through December 31, 1988.           Id.;
      IAF, Tab 5 at 30-33. We disagree with the administrative judge’s finding that the
      appellant, as a Postal employee, was not an “employee” under FERS entitled to
      credit for her nondeduction pre-1989 service. ID at 9.        We are persuaded by
      OPM’s argument that, pursuant to 39 U.S.C. § 1005(d)(1), Postal employees are
      considered “employees” for purposes of FERS, and that the appellant was entitled
                                                                                             7

      to make a service credit deposit for her nondeduction service performed prior to
      January 1, 1989. PFR File, Tab 1 at 8, 17-18.
¶13         We further find that OPM properly determined that the appellant was
      eligible for an immediate voluntary retirement annuity because sh e was 60 years
      old and had more than 20 years of service credit when she separated from service
      on October 7, 2009. See 5 U.S.C. § 8412(b); IAF, Tab 5 at 30. Because OPM
      correctly determined that the appellant was entitled to an immediate retirement
      annuity under 5 U.S.C. § 8412(b), we find that OPM properly recomputed the
      appellant’s disability annuity under 5 U.S.C. § 8415, rather than under the
      “60%/40%” provisions of 5 U.S.C. § 8452(a) applicable to most disability
      retirements. IAF, Tab 5 at 26; see 5 U.S.C. § 8452(c)(2). We find that OPM did
      not err in allowing the appellant to elect between a disability retirement annuity
      and an immediate retirement annuity. IAF, Tab 5 at 26-32; see Hosford v. Office
      of Personnel Management, 107 M.S.P.R. 418, ¶¶ 14-15 (2007). We further find
      that OPM’s methodology for calculating the appellant’s retirement annuity under
      FERS was reasonable, and that OPM proved that the appellant received an
      overpayment of $33,375.05 based on her election of an immediate retirement
      annuity. 5

                                              ORDER
¶14         We therefore vacate the initial decision and remand this case to the Atlanta
      Regional Office to determine whether the appellant is entitled to a waiver of the
      $33,375.05 overpayment or an adjustment of the recovery schedule. 6 On remand,

      5
        Because the appellant was entitled to a FERS immediate voluntary reti rement annuity
      under 5 U.S.C. § 8412(b) when she separated from service after her disability
      retirement application was approved, her FERS annuity would have been computed
      under the same formula regardless of whether she elected a disability retirement
      annuity. See 5 U.S.C. §§ 8415(a), 8452(c)(2); Hosford, 107 M.S.P.R. 418, ¶ 12.
      6
        OPM has advised the Board that it may seek recovery of any debt remaining upon an
      appellant’s death from his or her estate or other responsible party. A party responsible
      for any debt remaining upon the appellant’s death may include an heir (spouse, chil d, or
      other) who is deriving a benefit from the appellant’s Federal benefits, an heir or other
                                                                                        8

the administrative judge should allow the appellant to submit an updated FRQ
because her financial circumstances may have changed since she submitted her
last FRQ in March 2015. IAF, Tab 5 at 10-20.

FOR THE BOARD:                               ______________________________
                                             Jennifer Everling
                                             Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.

person acting as the representative of the appellant’s estate if, for example, the
representative fails to pay the United States before paying the claims of othe r creditors
in accordance with 31 U.S.C. § 3713(b), or transferees or distributers of the appellant’s
estate.