Court Opinion

ID: 1047252
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 02:43:59.427641+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:53:26.487210
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT NASHVILLE
                               September 21, 2011 Session

   MICHELLE BROWN v. BROOKDALE SENIOR LIVING, INC., ET AL.

                 Appeal from the Chancery Court for Davidson County
                   No. 091081IV     Russell T. Perkins, Chancellor

               No. M2011-00540-COA-R3-CV - Filed December 28, 2011

       Plaintiff appeals the trial court’s grant of summary judgment to defendants on her
claims for statutory procurement of breach of contract, common law inducement of breach
of contract, and tortious interference with business relationship. Finding that plaintiff failed
to establish one or more essential element of each claim, we affirm the trial court’s ruling.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed

R ICHARD H. D INKINS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which P ATRICIA J. C OTTRELL,
P. S., M. S., and A NDY D. B ENNETT, J., joined.

Lorraine Wade, Nashville, Tennessee, for the Appellant, Michelle Brown.

Luther Wright, Jr. and Wendy V. Miller, Nashville, Tennessee, for the Appellee, Brookdale
Senior Living, Inc. d/b/a The Cumberland at Green Hills, Katherine Diehl, and Becky
Hendricks.

                                          OPINION

B ACKGROUND

       The Cumberland at Green Hills (“Cumberland”) is an assisted living facility owned
and operated by Brookdale Senior Living, Inc. (“Brookdale”). The Cumberland rents
apartments to elderly individuals and permits its residents to enter into independent contracts
with third parties for their care.

      On June 2, 2009, Michelle Brown filed a complaint against Brookdale, and the
Cumberland’s Wellness Director, Katherine Diehl, and Executive Director, Becky Hendricks.
Ms. Brown alleged that she had entered into a “caregiver services contract” with Gerald
Johnson, a resident of the Cumberland who suffered from Alzheimer’s disease, and began
acting as a “sitter” for him sometime in March 2009. The complaint alleged that on or about
April 13 Ms. Diehl and Ms. Hendricks told Ms. Brown that she could no longer provide
services for Mr. Johnson, forced her out of the building, and sent correspondence to Mr.
Johnson’s attorney-in-fact that led to termination of the contract between Mr. Johnson and
Ms. Brown. The complaint asserted claims for unlawful procurement of breach of contract
in violation of Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-50-109, common law inducement of breach of contract,
intentional interference with a business relationship, and civil conspiracy; the complaint
sought compensatory, treble, and punitive damages. The actions of Ms. Diehl and Ms.
Hendricks were imputed to Brookdale under the doctrine of respondeat superior.

       Defendants answered the complaint and, on October 15, 2010, filed a motion for
summary judgment, supported by a statement of undisputed facts and sixteen exhibits,
including, inter alia, the depositions of Ms. Brown and Ms. Charlene Wilson, excerpts from
the depositions of Ms. Diehl and Ms. Hendricks, and various of the parties’ discovery
responses. On December 13, Ms. Brown filed a response to defendants’ memorandum of
law, a response to the statement of undisputed facts, and her own statement of undisputed
facts. Ms. Brown subsequently filed an amended memorandum and an amended statement
of undisputed facts, as to which defendants responded.

       A hearing was held on the motion for summary judgment and, on February 9, 2011,
the court entered an order dismissing the case. The court found that summary judgment was
proper on the civil conspiracy claim “given the intracorporate merging of identities of
Defendants and Plaintiff’s admission that the individual defendants were acting within the
scope of their respective employments with Brookdale at all relevant times.” The court
granted summary judgment on the claims for procurement or inducement of breach of
contract because Ms. Brown did not prove two elements of the claims: (1) that there was a
legal contract and (2) that there was a breach of contract.1 The court held that summary
judgment was appropriate on the claim for intentional interference with business
relationships because Ms. Brown was unable to show that defendants acted with improper
means or improper motive, or that she had suffered damages.2

        1
          The court found that there was no legal contract between Ms. Brown and Mr. Johnson because the
document produced by Ms. Brown “[did] not mention Mr. Johnson or specify to whom Ms. Brown would
be providing caregiver services;” the court further found that Mr. Johnson’s daughter, Lisa Manning, signed
the contract by writing “Charlene Wilson” in the signature block. Ms. Wilson is Mr. Johnson’s sister-in-law,
and the court found that “there was no indication that [Ms. Manning] was signing for Mr. Johnson or that
she was authorized to sign on Ms. Wilson’s behalf.” With regard to breach, the court found that “Plaintiff
admitted that the contract she had with Mr. Johnson, or his family, was never breached.”
        2
         The court stated that Brookdale received a copy of Ms. Brown’s criminal history—which included
convictions for identity theft—two days after defendants had asked Ms. Brown to leave the Cumberland.
Based on defendants’ testimony, the court concluded that Brookdale “would have asked Plaintiff to leave

                                                    -2-
       Ms. Brown appeals, asserting that the trial court improperly granted the motion for
summary judgment. She contends that, with respect to her claims for procurement or
inducement of breach of contract, the trial court erred when it found there was not a legal
contract between Ms. Brown and Mr. Johnson; she also contends that the court erred in its
finding that Ms. Brown could not prove that defendants had an improper means or motive
or prove damages on her intentional interference with a business relationship claim.3

S TANDARD OF R EVIEW4

        A trial court’s decision on a motion for summary judgment enjoys no presumption of
correctness on appeal. Draper v. Westerfield, 181 S.W.3d 283, 288 (Tenn. 2005); BellSouth
Adver. & Publ. Co. v. Johnson, 100 S.W.3d 202, 205 (Tenn. 2003); Scott v. Ashland
Healthcare Ctr., Inc., 49 S.W.3d 281, 284 (Tenn. 2001); Penley v. Honda Motor Co., 31
S.W.3d 181, 183 (Tenn. 2000). We review the summary judgment decision de novo as a
question of law. Finister v. Humboldt Gen. Hosp., Inc., 970 S.W.2d 435, 437 (Tenn. 1998);
Robinson v. Omer, 952 S.W.2d 423, 426 (Tenn. 1997); Eadie v. Complete Co., Inc., 142
S.W.3d 288, 291 (Tenn. 2004); Blair v. West Town Mall, 130 S.W.3d 761, 763 (Tenn. 2004);
Staples v. CBL & Assoc., 15 S.W.3d 83, 88 (Tenn. 2000). In our review, we consider the
evidence presented at the summary judgment stage in the light most favorable to the
non-moving party, and we afford that party all reasonable inferences. Draper, 181 S.W.3d
at 288; Doe v. HCA Health Servs., Inc., 46 S.W.3d 191, 196 (Tenn. 2001); Memphis Hous.
Auth. v. Thompson, 38 S.W.3d 504, 507 (Tenn. 2001). If there is a dispute as to any material
fact or any doubt as to the conclusions to be drawn from that fact, the motion must be denied.
Byrd v. Hall, 847 S.W.2d 208, 211 (Tenn. 1993).

[its] premises on the date it received the Criminal Records Fax had she still been providing services” and that
“excluding individuals with multiple convictions for identity theft from providing services in an assisted
living facility is reasonable and is not an indication of malice.” As to damages, the court held that Ms.
Brown received payment through the end of April 2009 “and, therefore, has been compensated for the time
that she provided services and for approximately two weeks . . . that she did not provide services.”
        3
            Ms. Brown does not appeal the grant of summary judgment on the civil conspiracy claim.
        4
           In Chapter 498, Public Acts of 2011, the Tennessee General Assembly amended Title 20 of the
Tennessee Code to add, as a new chapter, Tenn. Code Ann. § 20-16-101. According to Chapter 498, the
purpose of the amendment was to overrule the standard for courts considering summary judgment motions
filed by parties who do not bear the burden of proof at trial as set forth in Hannan v. Alltel Publ’g Co., 270
S.W.3d 1 (Tenn. 2008); the statute applies to actions filed on or after July 1, 2011. Because this lawsuit was
filed in 2009, we review the trial court’s decision under the summary judgment standard in effect at that time.

                                                     -3-
D ISCUSSION

       A. Inducement or procurement of breach of contract

        Ms. Brown asserted claims against defendants for the common law tort of inducement
of breach of her contract and unlawful procurement of breach of contract in violation of
Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-50-109, which is the statutory embodiment of the common law tort.
Polk & Sullivan, Inc. v. United Cities Gas Co., 783 S.W.2d 538, 542 (Tenn. 1989) (citing
Emmco Ins. Co. v. Beacon Mutual Indemnity Co., 322 S.W.2d 226, 231 (Tenn. 1959)). In
order to prevail on such claims, a plaintiff must prove that there was a legal contract of which
the wrongdoer was aware, that the wrongdoer maliciously intended to procure or induce a
breach, and that as a proximate result of the wrongdoer’s actions, a breach occurred that
resulted in damages to the plaintiff. Quality Auto Parts Co., Inc. v. Bluff City Buick Co., Inc.,
876 S.W.2d 818, 822 (Tenn. 1994) (citing Polk & Sullivan, Inc. v. United Cities Gas Co., 783
S.W.2d 538, 543 (Tenn. 1989)). While punitive damages are available to a successful
plaintiff in a common law tort action, Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-50-109 provides for an award
of treble damages.

       The instrument upon which Ms. Brown bases her contract claims is a document she
variously refers to as an “independent contractor’s agreement” or a “caregiver service
contract” (the “Agreement”).5 This instrument, however, does not satisfy the elements of a

       5
           The Agreement is as follows:

                                Michelle’s Caregiver Service & More

               This is a contract between the client and provider. The following Services will be
       provided to our clients. The Services includes: assisting of medications, light house duties,
       doctor’s appointment, rehabilitation, assisting with bathes and etc. For a Rate of $12.00 per
       hour, for 24 hours around the clock care. This Contract will continue through March 23,
       2010. If you are satisfied with our Services that we provide, we will continue Services and
       Renew Contract as followed.

               The Client shall make payment on Mondays for the week of Services starting
       Monday, March 23, 2009 and on Mondays here after an Invoice will be sent to Client a
       week in advance.

               These are the important jobs that we will be consistence at all times with. For any
       reason that the client is unsatisfied with Services and you want to cancel Contract, Please
       give us a 48 hour notice.

               Thank you so much for your time and consideration! Any questions and concerns
       Please feel free to call Michelle Brown (615) 569-1647.

                                                   -4-
contract and cannot form the basis of an action under Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-50-109 or for
inducement of breach of contract.

        A contract is a result of a meeting of the minds of the parties who mutually assent to
its terms, is based upon a sufficient consideration, is free from fraud or undue influence, not
against public policy, and is sufficiently definite to be enforced. Johnson v. Cent. Nat. Ins.
Co. of Omaha, Neb., 356 S.W.2d 277, 281 (Tenn. 1962). The Agreement does not identify
the parties to the Agreement, does not name the recipient of the services, and the only
signature on the Agreement purports to be the signature of a “Charlene Wilson.” Ms.
Wilson, Mr. Johnson’s sister-in-law, however, testified in her deposition that she did not sign
the Agreement, did not recognize the signature, and was not the attorney-in-fact for Mr.
Johnson. Ms. Brown admitted in response to defendants’ statement of undisputed facts that
Lisa Manning, Mr. Johnson’s daughter, signed Ms. Wilson’s name on the Agreement.6 The
Agreement and the evidence of record do not show a meeting of the minds of Ms. Brown and
any other individual relative to the Agreement, or that the services recited in the Agreement
were to be rendered for Mr. Johnson. The trial court correctly held that it was not a legal
contract.

       We also note that, in Ms. Brown’s responses to defendants’ first set of interrogatories,
which were filed as an exhibit to defendants’ motion for summary judgment, Ms. Brown
admitted the following:

        19. Do you contend that Mr. Johnson breached the “independent contractor’s
        agreement” referred to in your Complaint? If so, set forth the date on which
        Mr. Johnson allegedly breached such contract, set forth the factual basis
        supporting your contention that such contract was breached by Mr. Johnson
        and identify any and all documents supporting your contention that Mr.
        Johnson breached such contract.

                RESPONSE: I do not think that Mr. Johnson breached anything,
                it was the Defendants that interfered with the contract.

        20. Do you contend that Mr. Johnson terminated the “independent contractor’s
        agreement” referred to in your Complaint? If so, set forth the date on which

        Sign/Date 3/23/09                                          Sign/Date Charlene Wilson
        Service Provider                                           Client
        6
          Ms. Brown contends that Mr. Johnson had appointed Ms. Manning as his attorney-in-fact. Ms.
Manning did not file an affidavit or testify in this matter, and a power of attorney for Mr. Johnson is not in
the record.

                                                     -5-
       Mr. Johnson terminated such contract, identify any and all witnesses to Mr.
       Johnson terminating such contract and identify any and all documents
       supporting your contention that Mr. Johnson terminated such contract.

              RESPONSE: No, Mr. Johnson did not terminate the contract;
              the Defendants interfered with the contract.

Because breach or termination is an essential element of her statutory and common law
claims for procurement or inducement of breach of contract, Ms. Brown’s admission that the
Agreement was not breached or terminated by Mr. Johnson was fatal.

       Accordingly, the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment to defendants
on the statutory and common law claims for procurement or inducement of breach of
contract.

B. Intentional Interference with Business Relationship

       Ms. Brown contends that defendants interfered with her business relationship with Mr.
Johnson when they “forced” her from the Cumberland. Ms. Brown asserts that the trial court
erred in finding that she could not prove that defendants had an improper motive or means
and when it held that she could not prove damages. Defendants assert that Ms. Brown was
asked to leave the Cumberland because she did not have insurance and because she had
yelled at a resident.

       The tort of intentional interference with a business relationship was expressly
recognized in Tennessee in Trau-Med of America, Inc. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 71 S.W.3d 691
(Tenn. 2002). The court stated:

       [L]iability should be imposed on the interfering party provided that the
       plaintiff can demonstrate the following: (1) an existing business relationship
       with specific third parties or a prospective relationship with an identifiable
       class of third persons; (2) the defendant’s knowledge of that relationship and
       not a mere awareness of the plaintiff’s business dealings with others in
       general; (3) the defendant’s intent to cause the breach or termination of the
       business relationship; (4) the defendant’s improper motive or improper means;
       and (5) damages resulting from the tortious interference.

Trau-Med of America, Inc., 71 S.W.3d at 701 (internal citations removed). Whether a
defendant acted improperly or possessed an improper motive is “dependent on the particular
facts and circumstances of a given case,” and as a result there is no precise, all-encompassing
definition of the term improper. Examples of improper means include

                                              -6-
        those means that are illegal or independently tortious, such as violations of
        statutes, regulations, or recognized common-law rules; violence, threats or
        intimidation, bribery, unfounded litigation, fraud, misrepresentation or deceit,
        defamation, duress, undue influence, misuse of inside or confidential
        information, or breach of a fiduciary relationship; and those methods that
        violate an established standard of a trade or profession, or otherwise involve
        unethical conduct, such as sharp dealing, overreaching, or unfair competition.

Id. To prove improper motive, the plaintiff must “demonstrate that the defendant’s
predominant purpose was to injure the plaintiff.” Id. at note 5; see Leigh Furniture & Carpet
Co. v. Isom, 657 P.2d 293, 307–08 (Utah 1982).

        When a motion for summary judgment is made, the moving party has the burden of
showing that “there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.04. The moving party may
accomplish this by either: (1) affirmatively negating an essential element of the non-moving
party’s claim; or (2) showing that the non-moving party will not be able to prove an essential
element at trial. Hannan v. Alltel Publ’g Co., 270 S.W.3d 1, 8–9 (Tenn. 2008).

        In support of their motion for summary judgment, defendants filed, inter alia,
Defendants’ Statement of Undisputed Facts and the depositions of Ms. Brown, Ms.
Hendricks, and Kendall Whitsey, who was an employee of the Cumberland. Ms. Hendricks
testified that, in accordance with the Cumberland’s policy, Ms. Brown was required to have
liability insurance because she was “employing staff and scheduling staff around the clock.” 7
Ms. Hendricks testified that when she learned that Ms. Brown was “staffing” sitters and
“acting as her own agency,” she gave Ms. Brown a document, which she called a third party
agreement, in which the insurance requirement was set forth, asked Ms. Brown to review it,
and told Ms. Brown to provide proof of liability insurance in order to continue providing
services at the Cumberland.8

      Plaintiff’s Responses to Defendants’ Statement of Undisputed Facts establishes that,
on April 4, 2009, Ms. Brown submitted an insurance application and check to Imperial

        7
           In her response to the statement of undisputed facts, Ms. Brown admitted that she was working
as a contractor for an agency called Seniors & More, Inc. when she first began sitting with Mr. Johnson; after
working with Seniors for approximately two weeks, Ms. Brown ended her relationship with Seniors and
formed her own company, “Michelle’s Caregiver Service and More”; and that on or about March 23, 2009
she began providing services to Mr. Johnson through Michelle’s and that she paid two individuals $8.50 per
hour to work two shifts so that Mr. Johnson would have a sitter 24 hours a day.
        8
          Ms. Hendricks testified that sitters who do not employ other individuals were not subject to the
insurance requirement.

                                                     -7-
Insurance Agency. Initially, Imperial provided a certificate to Brookdale to show that Ms.
Brown had the required liability insurance. However, on April 15, Imperial sent a fax to the
Cumberland indicating that Ms. Brown did not have insurance coverage. Imperial’s records
reflect that Ms. Brown’s insurance coverage was canceled because Ms. Brown failed to pay
her insurance premium. Imperial’s records further reflect that the check written by Ms.
Brown to Imperial on April 4, 2009 was written from a closed account.

       Ms. Whitsey testified that on one occasion she observed Ms. Brown yelling at Mr.
Johnson and his wife in the hallway of the Cumberland, and that she reported the incident
to Ms. Diehl. Ms. Hendricks further testified that on the same day she learned that Ms.
Brown did not have insurance, and in light of the report that Ms. Brown had yelled at
residents, she asked her to leave the Cumberland.

       The materials filed by defendants support their assertion that Ms. Brown was asked
to leave because she did not have liability insurance and because she had been observed
yelling at a resident. The defendants’ stated motives in asking Ms. Brown to leave the
Cumberland were not improper as that term has been defined in claims of tortious
interference with business relationships. See Trau-Med of America, Inc., 71 S.W.3d at 701.
The materials filed by defendants affirmatively negated an essential element of Ms. Brown’s
claim.

        Once the moving party affirmatively negates an essential element, “[t]he burden of
production then shifts to the nonmoving party to show that a genuine issue of material fact
exists.” Id. at 5 (citing Byrd, 847 S.W.2d at 215). Accordingly, Ms. Brown was required to
demonstrate a genuine issue of material fact as to whether defendants’ motive or means were
improper.9

       In her response to the motion, Ms. Brown asserted that she was “fired” because “she
talked too much and was not nice to people outside, even though she did wonderful work”
and because “of her race and the fact that [she] called the corporate office on Ms. Hendricks

           9
               On a motion for summary judgment, the non-moving party may show a genuine issue of material
fact by:

           (1) pointing to evidence establishing material factual disputes that were overlooked or
           ignored by the moving party; (2) rehabilitating the evidence attacked by the moving party;
           (3) producing additional evidence establishing the existence of a genuine issue for the trial;
           or (4) submitting an affidavit explaining the necessity for further discovery pursuant to
           Tenn. R. Civ. P. Rule 56.06.

Martin v. Norfolk S. Ry. Co., 271 S.W.3d 76, 84 (Tenn. 2008) (citations omitted).

                                                        -8-
and Ms. Diehl.”10 In support of these contentions, she cited a portion of the deposition of Ms.
Wilson and a letter attached to an affidavit filed by Quintella Winn, who worked as a sitter
for another resident at the Cumberland.

        The portion of Ms. Wilson’s deposition cited by Ms. Brown states:

        Q. So you said that one of [Mr. Johnson’s daughters] told you that Kathy
        [Diehl] or Becky [Hendricks] let her go?
        A. Yeah. But they told me why.
        Q. And what did they tell you why? What did they tell you?
        A. She talks too much.

        The letter attached to Ms. Winn’s affidavit states in its original form:11

                                      To whom this may concern,

                     I am writing this statment on behalf of Michelle Brown,

        I am a private duty caregiver and have been with the same client for 6 yeras,
        one of those years has been spent at the cumberland at 15 Burton Hill Court.
        I am well aware of the procedures when entering a facility but working private.
        I was asked on the entering of my client who moved in November 2007, to fill
        out a sitters guideline for a background check and to have a drug test taken as
        well. The comment from the adminstrator was in reference to the drug screen
        was ‘if we could pass it.’ This was the remark that was stated to me and
        another African American at that time. This is one of many slur remarks that
        have been stated to other cargivers of color. Their was know mention of a
        liability insurance coverage needed in order to work for my client according
        to the sitters guideline this is optional and left up to the hiring family. Ms.
        Brown approached me a couple of weeks ago with this concern. i explained
        to her the protocol and she proceeded to comply to do what she was asked to
        do by Becky Hendricks. After she purchased her insurance their were repeated
        harrassing things said and done to Ms. brown by those in authority. Like the

        10
           As an initial matter, we note that there is nothing in the record to show that Ms. Brown was
“fired” by the defendants. We will consider this language in the context of the claim that the defendants
interfered with her employment with Mr. Johnson.
        11
           Neither the letter nor the affidavit identify the purpose of the letter, to whom the letter was sent,
or if it was sent; the letter is not signed or dated. In our analysis, we consider the letter as if it were
incorporated into the affidavit of Ms. Winn.

                                                      -9-
        director of nursing ms. Catherine Dill who for no known reason was
        attempting a bias discharge on Ms. Brown, this took place and Ms. Brown was
        left with no other choice than to call the corperate office to file a complaint.
        This led to retaliation on Ms. Brown and to an escort off the premisis. I my
        self am now facing retaliation. The care of the cleints Ms. Brown was
        attending to immediately left them in unsafe conditions.

       In order to survive a motion for summary judgment, the response must set forth
specific facts creating a genuine issue for resolution by the trier of fact; the facts relied upon
must be admissible at trial. Byrd, 847 S.W.2d at 215–16. Because the goal of summary
judgment is to prevent unnecessary trials, permitting an opposition to a motion based on
inadmissible evidence would undermine the goal of the summary judgment process. Id. at
216. Further, Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.06 states, in pertinent part:

        Supporting and opposing affidavits shall be made on personal knowledge,
        such facts as would be admissible in evidence, and shall show affirmatively
        that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated therein. Sworn or
        certified copies of all papers or parts thereof referred to in an affidavit shall be
        attached thereto or served therewith. The court may permit affidavits to be
        supplemented or opposed by depositions, answers to interrogatories, or further
        affidavits. . . .

(emphasis added).

       In her deposition, Ms. Wilson testified what she was told by the daughters of Mr.
Johnson which, in turn, was what the daughters were purportedly told by Ms. Diehl and Ms.
Hendricks. Ms. Brown relied on the testimony to support her theory as to the improper
motive of defendants in asking Ms. Brown to leave the premises. The cited testimony
constituted hearsay, which is generally inadmissible in the absence of an exception. Tenn.
R. Evid. 801(c), 802. There were no facts set forth in the response which would render the
testimony admissible. Accordingly, the testimony could not be relied upon to establish any
facts which would create a genuine issue of fact for trial. Byrd, 847 S.W.2d at 215–16.12

      With regard to Ms. Winn’s letter, Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.06 limits the extent to which we
may consider the allegations contained therein. First, the letter contains a substantial amount
of hearsay. Ms. Winn’s recitation of statements made by an unnamed administrator,

        12
           Even if the cited testimony did not constitute hearsay, it does not establish any specific facts with
respect to the defendants; it only states that one or more of Mr. Johnson’s daughters told Ms. Wilson, in
general terms, that Ms. Brown no longer worked at the Cumberland. It is not possible to discern from the
cited testimony a motive or means of defendants that could be considered improper.

                                                     -10-
statements made by Ms. Brown to Ms. Winn, and any purportedly harassing statements made
by “those in authority” to Ms. Brown constitute hearsay and would be inadmissible at trial.
Tenn. R. Evid. 801(c). Accordingly, we do not consider them in our analysis. Tenn R. Evid.
802; Byrd, 847 S.W.2d at 215–16.

       There is also a significant issue of Ms. Winn’s personal knowledge relative to certain
matters contained in the letter, as required by Tenn. R. Evid. 602. A witness may not testify
to a matter unless evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has
personal knowledge of the matter. Id. Ms. Winn’s position as a sitter for a resident—but not
an employee of Cumberland—does not, without more, establish the personal knowledge
necessary to testify relative to the Cumberland’s policies and procedures and the application
of those policies and procedures to persons other than herself. Further, the letter does not set
forth the specific facts upon which Ms. Winn bases her conclusions that Ms. Brown
“compl[ied]” with what Ms. Brown had been asked to do by Ms. Hendricks and that there
was “bias” or “retaliation” against Ms. Brown, and, again, no facts to show that she has
personal knowledge of these matters. Accordingly, these statements were not admissible and
cannot be relied upon by Ms. Brown to establish genuine issues of fact for trial.

        As further evidence of defendants’ alleged improper means or motive, Ms. Brown
relies on the statements in Ms. Winn’s letter that Ms. Winn was a “private duty caregiver,”
and that liability insurance was “optional.” The statements in the letter, however, do not raise
a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the defendants’ motive or means were
improper; rather, they corroborate to a degree the reasons given by defendant for asking Ms.
Brown to leave. Ms. Hendricks testified that “private duty sitters” are not subject to the
insurance requirement, whereas “service providers” like Ms. Brown, who staffed and
scheduled two additional individuals to provide services for Mr. Johnson 24 hours a day,
were required to maintain liability insurance.13 The record shows that the circumstances of
their employment were not the same, and the fact that Ms. Winn was not required to have
insurance does not create an issue of fact as to whether defendants’ requirement that Ms.
Brown maintain liability insurance was improper.

       Ms. Brown did not meet her burden in responding to the motion for summary
judgment; specifically, she failed to create a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the
means or motives of the defendants for asking her to leave the premises was improper. As
a consequence, her contention that the court erred when it held she could not prove damages
is moot.

        13
          In her brief, Ms. Brown contends that she was considered to be a “private duty employee” by the
defendants rather than a service provider, and cites to the deposition of Ms. Hendricks in support of this
contention. In the cited excerpt, Ms. Hendricks acknowledges that Ms. Brown was private duty sitter prior
to March 23, 2009, when she began hiring persons to staff the care for Mr. Johnson.

                                                  -11-
C ONCLUSION

        For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Chancery Court for Davidson County
is affirmed.

                                                 __________________________________
                                                 RICHARD H. DINKINS, JUDGE

                                          -12-