Court Opinion

ID: 2982300
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-22 20:11:20.688493+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:46:32.699570
License: Public Domain

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                            File Name: 14a0233n.06

                                          No. 13-6101

                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
                                                                                  FILED
STEPHANIE M. HILL,                                      )                   Mar 27, 2014
                                                        )               DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
       Plaintiff-Appellant,                             )
                                                        )
v.                                                      )      ON APPEAL FROM THE
                                                        )      UNITED STATES DISTRICT
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,                        )      COURT FOR THE WESTERN
                                                        )      DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY
       Defendant-Appellee.                              )
                                                        )
                                                        )

       Before: BOGGS and KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judges; RESTANI, Judge.*

       KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judge. Stephanie Hill appeals the district court’s judgment

affirming an administrative law judge’s denial of her application for social-security benefits.

Having reviewed the record, we conclude that substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s findings.

We therefore affirm.

                                               I.

       Stephanie Hill previously worked as a waitress and fast-food cook. Hill has not worked

since 2007, when she allegedly became overwhelmed by scoliosis, bipolar disorder, anxiety,

migraine headaches, and pain in her back, neck, knees, and ankles.          In 2010, Hill filed

applications for disability insurance benefits and supplemental security income.        An ALJ

determined that Hill could not perform her past work as a cook or a waitress, but that she was

*
 The Honorable Jane A. Restani, Judge of the United States Court of International Trade, sitting
by designation.
No. 13-6101, Hill v. SSA

capable of performing light work, and therefore was not disabled. The Appeals Council denied

review of the decision, and Hill appealed to federal court. A magistrate judge recommended that

the district court affirm the ALJ’s decision. The district court adopted that recommendation over

Hill’s objections. This appeal followed.

                                               II.

       We review only whether the ALJ applied the correct legal standards and reached a

conclusion supported by substantial evidence. See Kyle v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 609 F.3d 847,

854 (6th Cir. 2010). Substantial evidence is evidence that “a reasonable mind might accept as

adequate to support a conclusion.” Id (internal quotation marks omitted).

                                               A.

       Hill first argues that the ALJ violated the “treating-physician rule” when she rejected Dr.

Yoglesh Malla’s medical opinion. That rule requires an ALJ to give a treating-physician’s

opinion controlling weight if it is “well-supported by medically acceptable clinical and

laboratory diagnostic techniques” and is not “inconsistent with the other substantial evidence” in

the record.   20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2).   An ALJ must give “good reasons” supported by

evidence in the record if she declines to give controlling weight to that opinion. Wilson v.

Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 378 F.3d 541, 544 (6th Cir. 2004).

       As Hill’s treating pain-management specialist, Malla diagnosed Hill with lumbar facet

arthropathy (low-back degenerative arthritis), cervical facet joint arthropathy (neck degenerative

arthritis), and knee osteoarthritis (knee arthritis). He also determined that she could no longer

work. But the ALJ gave several good reasons for declining to give Malla’s opinion controlling

weight. First, Malla’s opinion was not supported by the medical tests that he ordered. The

radiologist who read and interpreted Hill’s CT scan reported that Hill’s arthritis was “mild”;

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No. 13-6101, Hill v. SSA

Hill’s bilateral-knee x-ray showed “no obvious osteoarthritis” or other acute problems; and

Malla’s post-imaging treatment notes reported the same test results. Yet Malla did not adjust his

diagnosis.

       Second, Malla’s treatment notes did not support his opinion that Hill had severe physical

limitations. Malla’s initial-examination notes stated that Hill had normal posture, normal ability

to walk, and no limitations in her motor functioning, grip strength, reflexes, sensations, or

extremity range-of-motion. He also noted that Hill said that she could walk, sit, stand, climb

stairs, dress herself, and drive a car unassisted. Malla’s notes from Hill’s last visit to him said

that she was “doing fine” and that more than 50% of her pain had been relieved by her

medications. The notes therefore undermine his opinions. See Leeman v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,

449 F. App’x 496, 497 (6th Cir. 2011).

       Third, the ALJ found that Hill’s chiropractic and physical-therapy treatment notes

showed that she had “significantly more physical ability than Dr. Malla has opined.” See

Francis v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 414 F. App’x 802, 806 (6th Cir. 2011).

       Finally, the ALJ observed that Malla’s opinion was inconsistent with Hill’s own

statements about her daily activities, which included housekeeping and caring for her five-year-

old daughter as a single mother. See id. at 805. Thus, the ALJ gave adequate reasons for

rejecting Malla’s opinion.

       Hill also contends that the ALJ erred when it credited the opinion of Dr. David Swann (a

non-treating physician) over Malla (her treating physician). As already noted, however, the ALJ

had good reason to give “little to no weight” to Malla’s opinion.         The ALJ instead gave

“considerable weight” to the opinion of Swann, who reviewed Hill’s record and assessed that she

could perform medium-exertional work. Hill responds that the ALJ should not have credited

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No. 13-6101, Hill v. SSA

Swann’s opinion because he signed off on a form that was prepared by the state-agency decision

maker. See Johnson v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 652 F.3d 646, 650-51 (6th Cir. 2011).

Whereas Malla’s opinion was undermined by substantial evidence, that same substantial

evidence supported Swann’s opinion. The ALJ did not err in crediting Swann’s opinion. See id.

at 652.

                                                  B.

          Hill also challenges the ALJ’s evaluation of her mental limitations. Hill first argues that

the ALJ improperly weighed the opinion of her therapist, Charles Cox. Hill concedes that Cox, a

licensed marriage and family therapist, is not an “acceptable medical source” under 20 C.F.R

§ 404.1513(a)(2), and thus that his opinion could not be given controlling weight. Instead, Hill

argues that the ALJ failed to properly consider Cox’s opinion as an “other source.” SSR 06-03p

at 6.

          An ALJ must consider other-source opinions and “generally should explain the weight

given to opinions for these ‘other sources[.]’” Id. But other-source opinions are not entitled to

any special deference. See id. Here, the ALJ “thoroughly considered” Cox’s opinion before

assigning it “little to no weight.” The ALJ found that the allegedly severe mental limitations that

Cox identified were not supported by the objective record and were inconsistent with other

substantial evidence. For example, Cox found that Hill was extremely limited in her ability to

relate to co-workers, interact with supervisors, and behave in an emotionally stable manner. He

also found that she was seriously limited in her ability to maintain her personal appearance and

relate predictably in social settings. But Cox’s own treatment notes repeatedly described Hill as

cooperative, polite, readily engaging, displaying neat appearance, coherent speech, good eye-

contact, and verbal skills. See Leeman, 449 F. App’x at 497. In addition, Cox’s opinions that

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No. 13-6101, Hill v. SSA

Hill was extremely limited in her ability to maintain attention and concentration, be reliable, and

that she was seriously limited in her ability to function independently were all undermined by

Hill’s own testimony that she was the sole caretaker for her daughter and that she managed her

home and finances. See Francis, 414 F. App’x at 805. Thus, the ALJ properly considered the

Cox’s opinion as an “other source” and explained her reasons for giving it “little to no weight.”

       Hill further asserts that the ALJ erred when it assessed Cox’s medical source statement,

which was submitted after the hearing.          Hill contends that Cox’s statement identified

impairments that were not addressed by other mental health experts at the ALJ hearing, and

therefore that the ALJ should have deferred to Cox’s assessment or referred his opinion to a

medical expert for further consideration. For the reasons above, however, the ALJ found Cox’s

opinions incredible and therefore had no reason to seek a follow-up assessment based upon them.

       Hill also argues that the ALJ erred by assigning “controlling weight” to the assessment of

Dr. Tom Wagner, an impartial psychological expert who testified at the hearing. An ALJ must

weigh all medical opinions presented. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c). Here, the ALJ said that “great

and controlling weight” was given to Wagner’s assessment, which is technically wrong because

“controlling weight” is a level of deference reserved for treating sources, and Wagner did not

treat Hill. Id.; Gayheart v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 710 F.3d 365, 376 (6th Cir. 2013). When

viewed as a whole, however, the ALJ’s decision shows that she indeed weighed all of the

mental-health opinions presented to her. See id. She considered opinions from Wagner, Bruce

Amble, Ph.D., a psychological consultative examiner, Larry Freudenberger, Psy.D, a Kentucky

state-agency psychologist, and Cox, Hill’s therapist.     Id.   The ALJ assigned “considerable

weight” to Dr. Amble’s and Dr. Freudenberger’s opinions, “little to no weight” to Cox’s opinion,

and after considering the “totality of the evidence,” the ALJ determined that Wagner provided

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No. 13-6101, Hill v. SSA

the “most accurate and detailed assessment” of Hill’s abilities and limitations. Thus, the ALJ’s

error in labeling the weight she gave to Wagner’s opinion as “controlling” was harmless because

the ALJ’s opinion on a whole was consistent with the regulations. See also Bass v. McMahon,

499 F.3d 506, 510 (6th Cir. 2007).

         In summary, substantial evidence—including the objective record of treatment and Dr.

Wagner’s impartial expert opinion—supported the ALJ’s determination of Hill’s mental-health

limitations. See Atterberry v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 871 F.2d 567, 570 (6th Cir.

1989).

                                               C.

         Hill next argues that the ALJ failed to consider the combined effects of all of her

impairments. Specifically, she says that the ALJ failed to consider whether her bipolar disorder

and obesity exacerbate her neck, back, and knee pain. But “[a]n ALJ’s individual discussion of

multiple impairments does not imply that [s]he failed to consider the effect of the impairments in

combination, where the ALJ specifically refers to a ‘combination of impairments’ in finding that

the plaintiff does not meet” a listed impairment. Loy v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,

901 F.2d 1306, 1310 (6th Cir. 1990).      And here, the ALJ found that Hill did not have a

“combination of impairments that meets or medically equals one of the listed impairments[.]”

Thus, Hill’s combined-effects argument is meritless.

         Hill also contends briefly that the ALJ failed to recognize her post-traumatic stress

disorder as a severe impairment. But disability is determined by the functional limitations

imposed by a condition, not the mere diagnosis of it. See Higgs v. Bowen, 880 F.2d 860, 863

(6th Cir. 1988). And Hill cites no evidence or authority to show that inclusion of PTSD as a

severe impairment would have changed the ALJ’s assessment of her functional limitations.

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No. 13-6101, Hill v. SSA

Thus, Hill’s cursory argument that the ALJ failed to denote PTSD as a severe limitation is

waived. See Rice v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 169 F. App’x 452, 454 (6th Cir. 2006).

                                                D.

       Hill next argues that the ALJ erred in the last step of the disability analysis set out in

20 C.F.R. § 404.1520. For this step, the burden of proof shifts to the government to show “by

substantial evidence that [Hill] has the vocational qualifications to perform specific jobs.” Ealy

v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 594 F.3d 504, 512 (6th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted).

“[S]ubstantial evidence may be produced through reliance on the testimony of a vocational

expert [] in response to a hypothetical question, but only if the question accurately portrays [the

claimant’s] individual physical and mental impairments.” Id. at 512-13 (internal quotation marks

omitted). Here, Hill contends that the hypothetical question that the ALJ posed to the vocational

expert did not accurately portray her mental impairments because it did not include a limitation

identified by Dr. Freudenberger: that she could only sustain concentration for “2 hour segments

over an 8 hour workday.” But a hypothetical is inaccurate when it fails to include a specific

limitation found by the ALJ. See id. at 516-17. And here the ALJ posed hypotheticals based on

someone who had “the mental health limitations as per Dr. Wagner in his testimony today.” The

hypothetical therefore accurately portrayed the mental impairments that the ALJ found to be

supported by “the objective record of treatment and the opinion of impartial psychological expert

Dr. Tom Wagner.” Thus, the vocational expert’s testimony provided substantial evidence for the

ALJ to determine that there were jobs that existed in significant numbers in the national

economy that Hill could perform.

                                           *    *     *

       The district court’s judgment is affirmed.

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