Court Opinion

ID: 6350190
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-06-15 20:00:37.93812+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:16:13.041325
License: Public Domain

FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                               JUN 15 2022
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JORGE GUERRA-LEYVA, AKA Jorge                    No.   18-70504
C. Guerra,
                                                 Agency No. A074-059-323
              Petitioner,

 v.                                              MEMORANDUM*

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

              Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                             Submitted June 13, 2022**
                              San Francisco, California

Before: S.R. THOMAS and GOULD, Circuit Judges, and WU,*** District Judge.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable George H. Wu, United States District Judge for the
Central District of California, sitting by designation.
      Jorge Guerra-Leyva, a native of Cuba, petitions for review of the Board of

Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) dismissal of his appeal from the denial of his

motion to reopen his removal proceedings. We review the agency’s denial of a

motion to reopen for abuse of discretion. Agonafer v. Sessions, 859 F.3d 1198,

1203 (9th Cir. 2017). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We dismiss in

part and deny in part the petition for review.

                                           I

      Guerra-Leyva’s motion to reopen was untimely. Motions to reopen must be

filed within ninety days of a final removal order. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2); see id.

§ 1003.2(c)(3)(ii) (providing that motions to reopen based on changed country

conditions may be filed at any time). Guerra-Leyva’s motion was filed about

eighteen years after he was ordered removed. The BIA properly concluded that his

untimeliness should not be excused.

                                          A

      The BIA acted within its discretion in determining that Guerra-Leyva failed

to show changed country conditions material to his claims for relief. Guerra-Leyva

produced no evidence suggesting that the conditions relevant to his claims of

future persecution and torture were different from those that existed at the time of

his 1999 removal hearing. His own affidavit, submitted with his motion, describes

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the present conditions in Cuba as a continuation of past conditions, noting that the

government “continues to be a strong dictatorship” (emphasis added). Further, the

shifts in diplomatic relations that Guerra-Leyva claims will make it more likely

that he will be removed to Cuba are not material to his claims for relief. The fact

of removal is assumed when evaluating a petitioner’s case for asylum and related

relief. Thus, the actual probability of removal has no bearing on the strength of a

claim. See, e.g., Al-Harbi v. INS, 242 F.3d 882, 890 (9th Cir. 2001) (requiring

“proof of a well-founded fear of future persecution if returned to Iraq” to

demonstrate asylum eligibility (emphasis added)).

                                           B

      The BIA also acted within its discretion in declining to equitably toll the

deadline for Guerra-Leyva’s motion to reopen. Guerra-Leyva’s primary argument

for equitable tolling is that at the time of his deportation hearing in 1999, he was

eligible for adjustment of status under the Cuban Adjustment Act (“CAA”), but

was never informed of this possibility and was instead told that he could remain in

the United States indefinitely if he did not contest his removal proceedings.1 This

      1
        To the extent Guerra-Leyva argued below for equitable tolling on the basis
of ineffective assistance of counsel, he has waived this argument in his petition for
review.
                                           3
argument fails because the BIA correctly concluded that Guerra-Leyva was not, in

fact, eligible for adjustment under the CAA at the time of his hearing.

      Under the CAA, Cuban refugees may apply for adjustment of status on an

expedited timeline, but they must nevertheless be admissible under federal

immigration law. See Cuban Adjustment Act, Pub. L. No. 89-732, 80 Stat. 1161

(providing that “the status of any alien who is a native or citizen of Cuba . . . may

be adjusted” if, among other requirements, they are “admissible to the United

States”). Guerra-Leyva argues he was admissible, as his controlled substances

conviction under Nev. Rev. Stat. § 453.338 could not disqualify him pursuant to 8

U.S.C. § 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(II)—even under the modified-categorical

approach—because the judgment of conviction was ambiguous as to the substance

he was convicted of possessing.

      Guerra-Leyva’s argument is foreclosed by the Supreme Court’s recent

decision in Pereida v. Wilkinson, 141 S. Ct. 754 (2021), and our subsequent

decision in Marinelarena v. Garland, 6 F.4th 975 (9th Cir. 2021). In Pereida, the

Court held that an applicant convicted under a divisible state statute that includes

some disqualifying offenses retains the burden of showing that his conviction was

not disqualifying. See 141 S. Ct. at 763 & n.4. Applying that holding, we held

that, when faced with such a situation, a petitioner cannot succeed by pointing to

                                           4
the ambiguity of the record; since the petitioner retains the burden, “ambiguity is

insufficient.” Marinelarena, 6 F.4th at 978. Accordingly, because Guerra-Leyva

was convicted under a statute divisible by substance, he cannot prevail by claiming

that the record of his conviction was ambiguous as to the type of substance he

actually possessed.

                                          II

      We lack jurisdiction over Guerra-Leyva’s claim that the agency erred in

denying his request for sua sponte reopening. See Ekimian v. INS, 303 F.3d 1153,

1159–60 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding that courts generally lack jurisdiction over

agency decisions not to sua sponte reopen proceedings). Because the BIA’s

decision was not “obvious[ly]” grounded in a mistaken belief that it lacked legal

authority, the exception to this general rule applied in Bonilla v. Lynch, 840 F.3d

575, 588 (9th Cir. 2016), does not apply here. Lona v. Barr, 958 F.3d 1225, 1234

(9th Cir. 2020).

       PETITION DISMISSED IN PART; DENIED IN PART

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