Court Opinion

ID: 4220665
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-11-15 20:21:07.145848+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:42:16.891646
License: Public Domain

J-S65015-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA
                           Appellee

                      v.

    GARLAND ADAMS

                           Appellant                 No. 708 EDA 2017

                 Appeal from the PCRA Order February 10, 2017
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0835071-1990

BEFORE: OLSON, OTT and MUSMANNO, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                       FILED NOVEMBER 15, 2017

        Appellant, Garland Adams, appeals pro se from the February 10, 2017

order dismissing his second petition filed pursuant to the Post-Conviction

Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.

        The factual background and procedural history of this case are as

follows. On May 15, 1990, Appellant, then 18 years old, and a co-conspirator

robbed Jerome Rex (“Rex”). During the robbery, Appellant shot and killed

Rex. On October 28, 1991, Appellant was convicted of second-degree

murder,1 robbery,2 criminal conspiracy,3 and carrying a firearm on the streets

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(b).

2   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701.

3   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903.
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of Philadelphia.4 On October 27, 1992, the trial court sentenced Appellant to

an aggregate term of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole

(“LWOP”).     Pursuant to statute, the trial court was required to sentence

Appellant to LWOP for the second-degree murder conviction. See 18 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 1102(b); 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 6137(a)(1). On direct appeal, this Court affirmed

and our Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal.        Commonwealth v.

Adams, 626 A.2d 1231 (Pa. Super. 1993), appeal denied, 636 A.2d 631 (Pa.

1993).

        On February 8, 2008, Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition. Counsel

was appointed and filed an amended petition. On October 21,2010, after an

evidentiary hearing, the PCRA court denied the petition. On appeal, this Court

affirmed.    Commonwealth v. Adams, 38 A.3d 915 (Pa. Super. 2011)

(unpublished memorandum).

        On July 18, 2012, Appellant filed his second PCRA petition.        On

November 28, 2016, the PCRA court issued notice of its intent to dismiss the

petition without an evidentiary hearing. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. On December

8, 2016, Appellant filed a response to the Rule 907 notice. On February 10,

2017, the PCRA court dismissed the petition. This timely appeal followed.5

4   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6108.

5The PCRA court did not order Appellant to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Nonetheless, on March 31,
2017, the PCRA court issued a Rule 1925(a) opinion.

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      Appellant presents three issues for our review:

   1. Whether the PCRA court erred in denying [Appellant’s petition] as
      untimely filed when [Appellant] established that his [recognized]
      constitutional right claim was within the plain language of the
      timeliness exception set forth at 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii),
      and [] (b)(2)?

   2. Whether it’s cruel and unusual punishment to impose a mandatory
      sentence of [LWOP] on [Appellant] who was a minor of 18 years
      of age, and [whether such a sentence violates the Equal Protection
      Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment]?

   3. Whether [Appellant’s] mandatory sentence of [LWOP] violates the
      Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I,
      Section 13 of the Pennsylvania Constitution[?]

Appellant’s Brief at vii (internal brackets, quotation marks, and complete

capitalization omitted).

      In his first issue, Appellant argues that the PCRA court erred in

dismissing his PCRA petition as untimely. He contends that he satisfied the

new constitutional rule exception to the PCRA’s timeliness requirement.

“Crucial to the determination of any PCRA appeal is the timeliness of the

underlying petition.” Commonwealth v. Brown, 141 A.3d 491, 499 (Pa.

Super. 2016) (citation omitted).      The timeliness requirement for PCRA

petitions “is mandatory and jurisdictional in nature[.]” Commonwealth v.

Brown, 143 A.3d 418, 420 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citation omitted).

      A PCRA petition is timely if it is “filed within one year of the date the

judgment [of sentence] becomes final.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1).          “[A]

judgment becomes final at the conclusion of direct review, including

discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and the

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Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking the

review.”    42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3).         Appellant’s judgment of sentence

became final on February 14, 1994. See Sup. Ct. R. 13. Appellant’s second

PCRA petition was filed on July 18, 2012. Thus, the petition was patently

untimely.

      An untimely PCRA petition may be considered if one of the following

three exceptions applies:

      (i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
      interference by government officials with the presentation of the
      claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
      or the Constitution or laws of the United States;

      (ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to
      the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise
      of due diligence; or

      (iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized
      by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court
      of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and
      has been held by that court to apply retroactively.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). If an exception applies, a PCRA petition may be

considered if it is filed “within 60 days of the date the claim could have been

presented.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2). “The petitioner bears the burden to

plead and prove an applicable statutory exception.”         Commonwealth v.

Hudson, 156 A.3d 1194, 1197 (Pa. Super. 2017), appeal denied, 2017 WL
3614192 (Pa. Aug. 23, 2017).

      Appellant argues that he satisfied the new constitutional rule exception

because he filed his petition within 60 days of the Supreme Court of the United

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States’ decision in Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012), which held that

mandatory     LWOP     sentences    for   juvenile    homicide    offenders    is

unconstitutional.6   Miller was later made retroactive by Montgomery v.

Louisiana, 136 S. Ct. 718 (2016). Appellant argues that, under Miller, it is

illegal to sentence an individual to a mandatory term of LWOP if he or she is

an adolescent. Although Appellant was 18 years old at the time of the instant

offense, he argues that he was still an adolescent. Thus, Appellant contends

that he satisfied the new constitutional rule exception because he is entitled

to relief under Miller, which was made retroactive by Montgomery.

      This Court previously addressed this argument in Commonwealth v.

Furgess, 149 A.3d 90 (Pa. Super. 2016). This Court noted that Miller only

applies to defendants who were “under the age of 18 at the time of their

crimes.” Id. at 94, quoting Miller, 567 U.S. at 465. Moreover, as this Court

noted in Furgess, Appellant’s argument attempts to extend Miller to those

adults whose brains were not fully developed at the time of their offense, i.e.,

adolescents. See Furgess, 149 A.3d at 94. This argument fails, however,

because “a contention that a newly-recognized constitutional right should be

extended to others does not [satisfy the new constitutional rule exception to

the PCRA’s timeliness requirement.]” Id. at 95 (internal alteration omitted;

6 In his petition, Appellant also argues that he satisfied the new constitutional
rule exception because he amended his petition within 60 days of Alleyne v.
United States, 133 S. Ct. 2151 (2013). As Appellant concedes on appeal,
however, “Alleyne is unrelated to juvenile sentencing.” Appellant’s Brief at
30.

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emphasis removed), quoting Commonwealth v. Cintora, 69 A.3d 759, 764

(Pa. Super. 2013).

      Instead, the PCRA requires that the Supreme Court of the United States

or our Supreme Court extend the new constitutional right to a class of

individuals, and make the extension retroactive, in order to satisfy the new

constitutional rule timeliness exception.    42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).

Montgomery merely made Miller retroactive for juvenile offenders whose

judgments of sentence were final. It did not extend Miller’s holding to those

individuals who committed homicides as adults. Furgess, 149 A.3d at 95.

      Although the petitioner in Furgess only raised a claim under the Eighth

Amendment, while Appellant also raises a claim under the Fourteenth

Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, it is not distinguishable from the case

at bar.   Neither the Supreme Court of the United States nor our Supreme

Court has held that Miller announced a new rule under the Equal Protection

Clause. Instead, Miller only announced a new rule with respect to the Eighth

Amendment. Thus, Appellant’s Equal Protection Clause argument is also an

attempt to extend Miller’s holding. Accordingly, Appellant failed to plead and

prove the applicability of a statutory exception to the PCRA’s timeliness

requirement.

      As Appellant failed to plead and prove the applicability of the new

constitutional rule exception to the PCRA’s timeliness requirement, the PCRA

court correctly held that it lacked jurisdiction over Appellant’s petition.

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Therefore, we need not address Appellant’s second and third issues, which

argue that he is entitled to relief on the merits. Accordingly, we strike the

Commonwealth’s brief7 and affirm the PCRA court’s order dismissing the

petition.

        Application to strike granted. Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/15/2017

7 See Commonwealth v. Brown, 161 A.3d 960, 964 n.2 (Pa. Super. 2017)
(refusing to consider a late brief filed by the Philadelphia County District
Attorney after it “flout[ed]” this Court’s orders regarding due dates for briefs).

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