Court Opinion

ID: 9394182
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-12 17:01:24.998612+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:57.718288
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

             UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                  FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                       ___________

                            No. 22-2801
                            ___________

                       ANTHONY TWITTY,
                                Appellant

                                  v.

    MARGETT BARNS, C.R.N.P.; CASEY THORNLEY, C.R.N.P.;
    DR. MUHAMMAD NAJI; TERRI SECHRENGOST, C.H.C.A.;
        DIRECTOR, CEO OR PRESIDENT OF WELL PATH
            ____________________________________

           On Appeal from the United States District Court
              for the Western District of Pennsylvania
                       (D.C. No. 3:20-cv-00142)
              District Judge: Honorable Kim R. Gibson
            ____________________________________

          Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                          on May 8, 2023

Before: SHWARTZ, BIBAS, and MONTGOMERY-REEVES, Circuit Judges

                    (Opinion filed: May 12, 2023)
             ____________________________________
                                       ___________

                                        OPINION *
                                       ___________

PER CURIAM

    Appellant Anthony Twitty, a prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals from the District

Court’s order adopting the Report and Recommendation (“R&R”) of a Magistrate Judge,

which recommended, inter alia, that the defendants’ motions for summary judgment be

granted. For the reasons that follow, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

    Twitty filed an in forma pauperis complaint in September 2020 against three prison

medical providers, a prison medical administrator, and Well Path, the medical services

provider at the prison. 1 Dkt. No. 9. Twitty sought $250,000 in damages and injunctive

and declaratory relief for alleged medical malpractice and professional negligence and vi-

olations of the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Id. at 3, 22; Dkt. No. 68 at 7.

Specifically, he claimed that the medical providers acted negligently and deliberately in-

differently in denying him adequate testing and treatment for his serious gastrointestinal

issues; the administrator acted deliberately indifferently by failing to adequately respond

to or investigate his complaints, Dkt. No. 9 at 3-4; Dkt. No. 68 at 5; and that Well Path was

liable because it failed to adequately train and supervise the medical providers, Dkt. No.

68 at 1, 6-7.

*
  This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
1
  Twitty named the “Director, CEO or President of Well Path” as a defendant. Dkt. No. 9
at 2. However, his allegations are against the provider in general rather than an individual
leader. Id. at 4; Dkt. No. 68 at 7.
                                             2
    The defendants moved for summary judgment. Dkt. Nos. 79 & 87. A Magistrate Judge

recommended granting the motions as to Twitty’s Eighth Amendment claims and declining

to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over Twitty’s state law claims. Dkt. No. 114. In his

objections to the R&R, Twitty contended that the District Court erred in failing to appoint

an expert to review his medical records. Dkt. No. 119. The District Court, over Twitty’s

objections, entered an order adopting the Magistrate Judge’s R&R in its entirety and

granted the defendants’ motions for summary judgment. Dkt. No. 123. Twitty filed this

timely appeal.

    On appeal, Twitty argues that the District Court erred in concluding that the defendants

did not act with deliberate indifference to his medical needs, as the actions of the defend-

ants exacerbated his pain and the severity of his condition. C.A. Dkt. No. 17 at 4. He also

contends that the District Court’s ruling was in error because, by denying his request for

the appointment of an expert witness to testify about the effects of the defendants’ actions

on his health, the District Court prohibited Twitty from gathering relevant information to

support his claim. Id. at 3.

    We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the District Court’s grant of

a motion for summary judgment de novo, Dondero v. Lower Milford Twp., 5 F.4th 355,

358 (3d Cir. 2021), and review for abuse of discretion the District Court’s decisions to deny

Twitty’s request for an expert, 2 see In re Rite Aid Corp. Sec. Litig., 396 F.3d 294, 299-300

(3d Cir. 2005).

2
 We do not review issues Twitty has not raised on appeal, such as the District Court’s
decision to decline supplemental jurisdiction over Twitty’s state law claims. See Barna v.
                                             3
    First, the District Court correctly granted summary judgment for the medical providers

regarding Twitty’s allegations that they were deliberately indifferent to his serious gastro-

intestinal issues. It is undisputed that prison medical personnel consistently addressed

Twitty’s health problems by allowing him access to specialists and tests, responding to his

sick calls, prescribing him medication, and performing physical examinations. 3 White v.

Napoleon, 897 F.2d 103, 108-09 (3d Cir. 1990) (“Only ‘unnecessary and wanton infliction

of pain’ or ‘deliberate indifference to the serious medical needs’ of prisoners are suffi-

ciently egregious to rise to the level of a constitutional violation.”) (citations omitted); id.

at 110 (explaining that “mere disagreements over medical judgment do not state Eighth

Amendment claims[,]” including disagreements between doctors) (citations omitted). To

the extent Twitty alleges that the medical providers were deliberately indifferent in delay-

ing preparation for his scheduled colonoscopy, causing the procedure to be rescheduled,

there is no indication that the providers intentionally delayed his appointment. 4 See Estelle

v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104-05 (1976).

Bd. of Sch. Dirs. of Panther Valley Sch. Dist., 877 F.3d 136, 145-47 (3d Cir. 2017) (ex-
plaining that an appellant’s failure to raise an argument constitutes forfeiture of that argu-
ment).
3
  The District Court was also correct to grant summary judgment for the medical adminis-
trator because the administrator was aware that Twitty was consistently receiving care, and
Twitty’s claim against her was premised on his mere disagreement with his treatment rather
than any deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs. See White, 897 F.2d at 108-
10.
4
 Because Twitty failed to establish a violation of the Eighth Amendment, the District Court
was correct to grant summary judgment for Well Path, as an underlying constitutional vi-
olation must occur to show liability based on the failure to train employees under Monell
v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York, 436 U.S. 658 (1978). See
                                               4
    Second, the District Court did not abuse its discretion in denying Twitty’s request for

the appointment of an expert to review his medical records. In determining whether the

defendants were deliberately indifferent, the District Court did not need an expert to assess

Twitty’s medical issue, which was undisputedly “serious” for the purposes of the deliberate

indifference inquiry. And the District Court had the benefit of a record replete with infor-

mation about Twitty’s extensive medical treatment and each of the defendants’ actions

relating to that treatment that allowed it to conduct a subjective inquiry into the defendants’

states of mind. See Pearson v. Prison Health Serv., 850 F.3d 526, 535-37 (3d Cir. 2017)

(“[The] defendant’s state of mind [is] a subjective inquiry that can be proven circumstan-

tially without expert testimony.”); see also id. at 535 (explaining that deliberate indiffer-

ence can “be proven through circumstantial evidence and witness testimony”). An expert

was unnecessary for the task. 5 Further, because the District Court declined to exercise

jurisdiction over Twitty’s state law claims, it did not have to consider whether an expert

was required for adjudication of those claims. 6

Collins v. City of Harker Heights, 503 U.S. 115, 121-22 (1992).
5
  Twitty asserts that the District Court’s denial of his request for an expert showed bias.
C.A. Dkt. No. 17 at 3. However, this claim is not supported by the record. Cf. Securacomm
Consulting, Inc. v. Securacom Inc., 224 F.3d 273, 278 (3d Cir. 2000) (“We have repeatedly
stated that a party’s displeasure with legal rulings does not form an adequate basis for
recusal[.]”) (citation omitted).
6
  Twitty also argues that the District Court “allowed the [Appellees’] to violate [his] rights”
under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”) by allowing
them to send his medical information via a third-party mail vendor. C.A. Dkt. No. 17 at 5.
Twitty initially contended that the defendants violated his rights under HIPAA in his mo-
tion for reconsideration of the District Court’s order denying his motion for counsel. Dkt.
No. 85 at 2. In response, the District Court informed Twitty that the Pennsylvania
                                              5
   Accordingly, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

Department of Corrections uses a third-party mail vendor for all prisoner mail, except com-
munications from one’s own attorney, and use of this vendor does not violate HIPAA. Dkt.
No. 86. We discern no error in this response.

                                            6