Court Opinion

ID: 4512985
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-03-05 15:06:35.760133+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:40:34.722062
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is pos ted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-1890-18T3

KIMBERLY DEAL,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

JOHN JAY PHILLIPS,

     Defendant-Appellant.
______________________________

                    Submitted February 25, 2020 – Decided March 5, 2020

                    Before Judges Fisher and Rose.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
                    Chancery Division, Family Part, Burlington County,
                    Docket No. FM-03-6000-03.

                    Townsend, Tomaio & Newmark, LLC, attorneys for
                    appellant (Gregory A. Pasler, on the briefs).

                    Kimberly Deal, respondent pro se.

PER CURIAM

          In this appeal, defendant John Jay Phillips seeks our review of those

portions of a post-judgment matrimonial order that denied him relief from his
child support obligation. Phillips sought to reduce that obligation based on

alleged changed circumstances and his claim that the "anti-Lepis"1 clause in the

parties' property settlement agreement should not be enforced. We find no merit

in Phillips' arguments and affirm.

      The parties were married in 1997 and divorced in 2004.           Their two

children, born in 1998 and 2000, are now enrolled in college, the oldest at a

college in North Carolina and the youngest at a college in Delaware. The

judgment of divorce incorporated a property settlement agreement (PSA), which

fixed the amount of child support without regard for the child support guidelines.

The 2004 PSA also contains an anti-Lepis clause. Around the time he signed

the PSA, Phillips pleaded guilty in federal district court to committing wire

fraud, for which he served approximately three years in a federal penitentiary.

      Notwithstanding his agreement to a fixed child support schedule and to

not seek a modification of his child support obligation on changed circumstances

grounds, Phillips has repeatedly sought relief from his child support obligation

and has already challenged the enforceability of the PSA. For example, in 2008,

after being released into a federal halfway house, Phillips moved for relief from

1
  Referring to Lepis v. Lepis, 83 N.J. 139, 153 (1980), which held that a party
may seek modification of a support obligation by showing changed
circumstances that demonstrate an inequity in the existing obligation.
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the PSA, claiming it was unconscionable by relying on Morris v. Morris, 263
N.J. Super. 237 (App. Div. 1993). In ruling on that application, as well as the

application for a reduction in child support, the judge then presiding over the

matter noted that defendant already had "a history of nonpayment" followed by

"large lump sum payments soon after a threat of arrest." Despite that history,

the judge found, as memorialized in the July 3, 2008 order, that it was

appropriate to leave unaltered the child support amount but that, temporarily,

Phillips would only be required to pay one-third of it, with the remainder left to

simply accrue.

      Since then, Phillips has repeatedly moved for relief from the child support

obligation and the PSA. The record on appeal alone reveals that trial judges

have ruled on such motions and cross-motions on numerous occasions; the

record before us includes orders impacting child support entered on June 16,

2014, January 22, 2016, November 27, 2017, March 2, 2018, and June 4, 2018,

as well as the December 3, 2018 order now under review. And, once Phillips

filed this appeal, orders were entered on March 1 and 4, 2019, in response to

plaintiff Kimberly Deal's motion to enforce the child support obligation; the

motion was denied in the first of these two orders, because the judge mistakenly

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determined that no relief could be granted while the matter was on appeal. 2 By

way of the March 4, 2019 order, the judge granted, with the parties' cons ent,

Deal's request that Phillips be compelled to pay the temporary $1000 per month

previously ordered. An arrearage well in excess of $500,000 has accrued as a

result of these orders and temporary reprieves from full compliance.

      In his appeal, Phillips argues:

            I. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION
            BY MAKING UNREASONABLE FINDINGS OF
            FACT INCONSISTENT WITH THE EVIDENCE BY
            FAILING TO MODIFY DEFENDANT'S CHILD
            SUPPORT OBLIGATION DUE TO A CHANGE OF
            CIRCUMSTANCES.

            II. THE TRIAL COURT'S FAILURE TO ORDER
            DISCOVERY, CONDUCT A PLENARY HEARING
            AND MODIFY DEFENDANT'S CHILD SUPPORT
            OBLIGATION PURSUANT TO JACOBY V.
            JACOBY[3] WAS REVERSIBLE ERROR.

            III. THE TRIAL COURT'S FAILURE TO VACATE
            THE "ANTI-LEPIS" CLAUSE IN THE PARTIES'
            PROPERTY SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT WAS

2
   In the absence of a stay, trial courts remain free to enforce their orders
notwithstanding the pendency of an appeal. See R. 2:9-1(a) (recognizing that,
despite the appellate court's "supervision and control" of the proceedings once
an appeal is filed, the trial court "shall have continuing jurisdiction to enforce
judgments and orders").
3
  Jacoby v. Jacoby, 427 N.J. Super. 109 (App. Div. 2012) (holding that a child's
residing on campus may be a change in circumstances warranting review and
modification of a child support order).
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            REVERSIBLE ERROR AS CIRCUMSTANCES
            HAVE MADE THE PARTIES' STANDARDS
            UNREASONABLE.

            IV. THE TRIAL COURT'S FAILURE TO PROVIDE
            DEFENDANT A CREDIT FOR PRIVATE SCHOOL
            TUITION PAID FOR THE 2008-2009 YEAR AND
            FROM JUNE 16, 2014 TO THE PRESENT RUNS
            COUNTER TO ITS JUNE 16, 2014 ORDER AND
            MUST BE REVERSED.

            V. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY SCHEDULING
            AND CONDUCTING ORAL ARGUMENT ON
            DEFENDANT'S MOTION AS PLAINTIFF FILED NO
            WRITTEN OPPOSITION.

We find insufficient merit in these arguments to warrant further discussion in a

written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E). We add only a few comments that focus

on Phillips' first and third arguments.

      Putting aside – for the moment – the past history of Phillips' attempts to

seek relief from the child support obligation, his arguments that the child support

amount should be modified because of his financial circumstances or because

the children are now enrolled in out-of-state colleges are dependent on his

efforts to undo the PSA's anti-Lepis clause. In Morris, 263 N.J. Super. at 241,

we noted the conflict between two published trial court decisions: Finckin v.

Finckin, 240 N.J. Super. 204 (Ch. Div. 1990), and Smith v. Smith, 261 N.J.

Super. 198 (Ch. Div. 1992). In the former, Judge Krafte found that because a

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property settlement agreement, which contained an anti-Lepis clause, was

shown to constitute a fair and equitable exchange of promises – fully explained

to the parties, who were represented by competent counsel – no public policy

barred its enforcement. Finckin, 240 N.J. Super. at 205-06. In the latter, Judge

Wolfson disagreed with Finckin, finding that a property settlement agreement,

which contains an anti-Lepis clause, that precluded the exercise of a court's

equitable jurisdiction to review and modify a support obligation in light of

changed circumstances was contrary to public policy. Smith, 261 N.J. Super. at

199-202.

      When asked to reconcile the disagreement, we held in Morris that "[t]o

some extent, we agree with both decisions." 263 N.J. Super. at 241. We agreed

with Smith that "the parties cannot bargain away the court's equitable

jurisdiction," but we also agreed with Finckin that "parties can with full

knowledge of all present and reasonably foreseeable future circumstances

bargain for a fixed payment or establish the criteria for [the] payment . . .

irrespective of circumstances that in the usual case would give rise to Lepis

modifications of their agreement." Ibid.

      As the record on appeal reveals, the parties entered into the PSA in

anticipation of Phillips' incarceration. The child support amount was clearly

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delineated, and the PSA called for gradual increases until the amount topped out

at $5000 per month, with later increases based only on cost of living standards.

The parties expressly declared that they had chosen not to have the child support

guidelines apply to the obligation.       They both waived alimony and any

consideration of their "extremely high standard of living." They also expressly

"t[ook] into consideration" – in agreeing upon the fixed amount of child support

– that they disputed the amount of their respective incomes and stipulated to

imputed amounts.       And, in fixing child support, the parties took into

consideration "all foreseeable and unforeseeable other events," including:

Phillips' remarriage; his other child; all future children Phillips might have; his

incarceration; changes in both their incomes whether or not constituting a

substantial increase or decrease; and loss or lack of employment. As we held in

Morris, such an agreement is not against public policy and may be enforced; by

the same token, the trial court retained its equitable powers in considering its

enforcement.

      In his 2008 motion, Phillips argued that the PSA was unenforceable

because he was under undue influence and stress, because he did not voluntarily

agree, and because it was unconscionable on its face. The judge who ruled on

the motion also noted that Phillips argued that: he claimed to have pleaded

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guilty to wire fraud "one day before" he signed the PSA; Deal "tipped off"

someone Phillips was recording, thereby prevented him from providing the

government with information, leading to his receiving a three-year instead of a

six- to twelve-month sentence; he was "not of sound mind at the time of the PSA

because he ha[d] just entered his [guilty] plea and was exhausted and destitute";

he "ha[d] a psychological disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, which made his

thinking process unclear when he signed the PSA"; and he "was threatened with

the possibility of arrest if he did not sign the PSA." Of particular relevance here,

Phillips then also argued:

            that the PSA itself is unconscionable on its face
            [because it] contains a clause in which he waived his
            right to seek modification of the PSA under Lepis v.
            Lepis. [Phillips] states that he would never have signed
            away that right if he were in his right mind.

In disposing of the motion and cross-motion, the judge then relied on Morris in

concluding that the PSA was not unconscionable and that the anti-Lepis

provision was duly bargained for. Having unsuccessfully argued in 2008 that

the PSA was unenforceable because of the anti-Lepis provision or otherwise, it

is too late for Phillips to again argue the PSA is unenforceable. 4

4
  As we held in Morris, an anti-Lepis provision does not deprive the court of its
power to provide equitable relief. The long history of Phillips' post -judgment

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      In short, we have been presented with no principled reason to question the

validity of the parties' anti-Lepis provision. Phillips raised that argument long

ago, received a ruling on its merits, and apparently chose not to then seek

appellate review. Moreover, based on the allegations in the motion that led to

the order now under review, there is no reason to question the fairness of that

provision or its impact on the child support obligation.

      Our rejection of Phillips' anti-Lepis argument renders irrelevant Phillips'

argument that his present income level and financial condition warrants a

reduction in child support. Even if that were not so, we note that Phillips appeals

only the December 3, 2018 order that denied various aspects of his multi-faceted

motion, including that part of the motion that sought a reduction based on

changed circumstances. Even though the record does not reveal the exact date

Phillips' trial court motion was filed, we will assume for present purposes that it

was filed on the date contained on the motion's signature page, July 28, 2018.

Since the temporary obligation permitted for a while ($1000 per month) ended

and the amount called for by the PSA ($5077 per month) was reinstated by the

attempts to gain relief demonstrate the trial court has repeatedly provided
temporary relief from the child support obligation, at times requiring that to
avoid enforcement Phillips would only be required to pay child support in
amounts less than twenty percent of the level required by the PSA.
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order entered on November 27, 2017, the question posed by the July 2018

motion – even assuming changed circumstances are a basis for modifying this

child support obligation – would only focus on any change in circumstances

between November 27, 2017, and the filing of the motion at the end of July

2018. Instead of focusing on that narrow time period, Phillips presented only

general allegations about his financial condition over the prior eight or so years.

Those allegations show only his contention that his financial condition has

remained largely unchanged since his release from federal imprisonment.

      As we have already held, these considerations are irrelevant to what Deal

is entitled to by way of the PSA because of the anti-Lepis provision. But, even

without that provision, Phillips failed to show a substantial change in

circumstances since the November 2017 order that reinstated the child support

required by the PSA.

      Affirmed.

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