Court Opinion

ID: 3086104
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 02:46:14.030886+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:50:50.087842
License: Public Domain

Affirmed as Modified; Opinion Filed February 18, 2014.

                                         S    In The
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      No. 05-12-01410-CR

                          ANTOINE LADALE TAYLOR, Appellant
                                        V.
                            THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                      On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. 3
                                   Dallas County, Texas
                            Trial Court Cause No. F11-61645-J

                             MEMORANDUM OPINION
                           Before Justices O’Neill, Myers, and Brown
                                   Opinion by Justice Myers
       A jury convicted appellant Antoine Ladale Taylor of aggravated assault with a deadly

weapon, family violence. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)(2), (b)(1). After appellant

pleaded true to the two enhancement paragraphs in the indictment, the jury found the

enhancement paragraphs true and assessed a punishment of thirty-eight years’ imprisonment and

a $1,500 fine. In three issues, appellant argues the trial court erred by overruling his motion to

quash the jury panel, the evidence is insufficient to support the $239 in court costs ordered by the

trial court, and that the judgment should be modified to reflect that appellant pleaded true to the

two enhancement paragraphs and that both enhancement paragraphs were found to be true. As

modified, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
                                                                DISCUSSION

                                             1. Motion to Quash the Jury Panel

           In his first issue, appellant contends the trial court violated his right to the presumption of

innocence by overruling defense counsel’s motion to quash the jury panel. During its portion of

the voir dire, the trial court introduced to the jury panel the two prosecutors, appellant, the two

attorneys that represented appellant, the court’s two bailiffs, the court reporter, and an intern who

was observing the trial, then asked the panel members if they knew any of the people the court

had just introduced. The relevant portion of the record reads as follows:

           [COURT:] Is there anyone else that knows anybody in––yes, ma’am?

           VENIREPERSON: My name is Chukunyere. I know of Castillo, I worked with
           her.

           THE COURT: Okay.

           VENIREPERSON: And I know Mr. Taylor.

           THE COURT: If you work at the sheriff’s department, I’m sure that you do know
           the deputies that are involved.

           VENIREPERSON: Yeah, certainly you.

           THE BAILIFF: Crump. 1

           VENIREPERSON: Crump. I’ve not met him. This is my sixth year, but I’ve not
           met him.

           THE COURT: Tell me this. Do you believe the fact that you work for the
           sheriff’s department and know these two deputies, that it would affect your ability
           to be fair and impartial in this case?

           VENIREPERSON: Oh, it wouldn’t.

           THE COURT: All right.

           VENIREPERSON: But like I said, I know Mr. Taylor. I’m in north tower and he
           has been there. I just know him. I really don’t know his case or––

   1
       Kathleen Castillo and Kevin Crump served as bailiffs for the trial court.

                                                                       –2–
       THE COURT: You know Mr. Taylor?

       VENIREPERSON: Yes, ma’am.

       THE COURT: Okay. Now, that may be a little bit different. Tell me, with the
       fact that you know or may have seen Mr. Taylor, would that affect your ability to
       be fair and impartial in this case?

       VENIREPERSON: It wouldn’t. On the contrary, Mr. Taylor, I precisely
       remember how I have come across––

       THE COURT: Let me say––let me say this. Don’t tell me where you know him
       from. Would the fact that you recognize him affect your ability to be fair and
       impartial in this case?

       VENIREPERSON: It wouldn’t.

       THE COURT: No?

       VENIREPERSON: It wouldn’t.

       THE COURT: Okay. All right. Thank you.

       Not long after this exchange, the trial court told the panel, prior to reading the indictment:

                In a few minutes, I’m going to read to you the charges against the
       defendant. This document stating what he’s charged with or accused of is not
       evidence against him. It only tells the defendant what he’s charged with and it
       tells the State of Texas what they are required to prove. That’s very important.

              Sometimes people believe, well, if he didn’t do anything, he wouldn’t be
       here; and that’s untrue. He is an accused citizen at this point, so this is not
       evidence against him. Mr. Taylor is here today charged with the offense of
       aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.

Following the reading of the indictment, the trial court excused a panel member who did not feel

he could be fair and impartial, after which it instructed the remaining panel members regarding

their ability to follow the law, consider the full range of punishment for the offense, and apply

the “beyond a reasonable doubt” burden of proof. The court then instructed the jury panel on the

presumption of innocence, stating, in part:

               Now, there––one principle of law that I do want to go over with you is the
       presumption of innocence. The defendant is presumed to be innocent until guilt is
       established by legal evidence received before you, in the trial of this case, beyond
       a reasonable doubt.

                                                –3–
               That means that as Mr. Taylor sits here right now, without you having
       heard any evidence, he is presumed to be innocent. We start a trial from the
       standpoint of the defendant is innocent until proven guilty. It is the burden of the
       State to prove that he has, in fact, committed the offense.

               That is the exact opposite of how some people think. Some people believe
       that the defendant starts from the standpoint of he is guilty and it is up to him to
       prove he is innocent, and that is not true. In this country, you are presumed
       innocent until proven guilty, and that’s very important.

Before beginning his voir dire examination, defense counsel moved to quash the jury panel,

arguing that Chukunyere’s comment prejudiced the jury panel by informing them that appellant

was currently in jail. The trial court overruled the motion.

       A trial court has broad discretion over the voir dire process. Hankins v. State, 132
S.W.3d 380, 384 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). We review a trial court’s denial of a motion to quash

a jury panel under an abuse of discretion standard. Mendoza v. State, 552 S.W.2d 444, 447 (Tex.

Crim. App. 1977). After a defendant’s motion to quash a jury panel based on improper juror

comments has been denied, a defendant must prove the following to show harm: (1) other

members of the panel heard the remark, (2) the jurors who heard the remarks were influenced to

the prejudice of the defendant, and (3) the juror in question or some other juror who may have

had a similar opinion was forced upon the defendant. Callins v. State, 780 S.W.2d 176, 188

(Tex. Crim. App. 1986); see also Berkley v. State, 298 S.W.3d 712, 713 (Tex. App.––San

Antonio 2009, pet. ref’d); Franco v. State, No. 08–06–00280–CR, 2007 WL 2200468, at *2

(Tex. App.––El Paso Aug. 2, 2007, pet. ref’d) (not designated for publication); Gonzalez v. State,

Nos. 14–03–00145 & 146–CR, 2004 WL 78182, at *2 (Tex. App.––Houston [14th Dist.] Jan. 20,

2004, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication). When a defendant fails to show

harm, the trial court’s ruling will not be disturbed on appeal. See, e.g., Berkley, 298 S.W.3d at

713 (noting that appellant failed to meet his burden of showing harm).

                                                –4–
       Applying the above factors to this case, we first note that the State acknowledges that

Chukunyere’s statement was made in front of the entire panel. We can infer from the record that

other members of the panel heard the comment. See, e.g., Pledger v. State, No. 04–08–00682–

CR, 2009 WL 3789607, at *2 (Tex. App.––San Antonio Nov. 11, 2009, no pet.) (mem op., not

designated for publication) (noting that appellate court could infer from record that other

members of the venire heard comment because it was made in open court and sufficiently

audible for court reporter to record it). But even if we assume that other panel members knew

that the “north tower” was part of the Dallas County jail complex, the most that can be said of

Chukunyere’s statement is it indicated appellant had been incarcerated. Chukunyere did not say

why appellant was incarcerated in the north tower, how long he was held there, and she affirmed

to the court that her recognition of appellant would not affect her ability to be fair and impartial.

Furthermore, appellant has not shown that other potential jurors who heard Chukunyere’s

statement were influenced to the prejudice of appellant, nor does appellant cite any evidence

supporting such an inference. And even if we assume other potential jurors were prejudiced by

the statement, we cannot infer without further evidence that one of those jurors was forced upon

appellant. Appellant has not pointed to any evidence showing that a prejudiced juror was forced

upon him. Additionally, the trial court instructed the jury panel at length on the presumption of

innocence. We conclude appellant has failed to establish that he suffered any harm because of

Chukunyere’s statement. We overrule appellant’s first issue.

                                          2. Court Costs

       In his second issue, appellant argues that there is insufficient evidence in the record to

support the trial court’s order for appellant to pay $239 in court costs.

       The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure provides in part that if a criminal action is

appealed, “an officer of the court shall certify and sign a bill of costs stating the costs that have

                                                 –5–
accrued and send the bill of costs to the court to which the action or proceeding is transferred or

appealed.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 103.006. The code of criminal procedure further

provides that “[a] cost is not payable by the person charged with the cost until a written bill is

produced or is ready to be produced, containing the items of cost, signed by the officer who

charged the cost or the officer who is entitled to receive payment for the cost.” Id. art. 103.001.

       The clerk’s record in this case did not contain a copy of the cost bill or any other

document with an itemized list of costs assessed in this case. Given that appellant raised an issue

concerning the costs assessed against him, we ordered the Dallas County District Clerk to

prepare and file a supplemental clerk’s record containing a detailed itemization of the costs

assessed in this case, including specific court costs, fees, and court-appointed attorney’s fees, and

that the supplemental record should include documents explaining any and all abbreviations used

to designate a particular fee, cost, or court-appointed attorney’s fee.       See TEX. R. APP. P.

34.5(c)(1) (rules of appellate procedure allow supplementation of clerk’s record if relevant item

has been omitted).

       The District Clerk has complied with our order by filing a signed and certified

supplemental clerk’s record containing an itemization of the costs assessed in this case, and an

explanation of the abbreviations used in the itemization. Because the record now contains a cost

bill that supports the costs assessed in the judgment, appellant’s argument that the evidence is

insufficient to support the imposition of costs because the clerk’s record does not contain a cost

bill is, therefore, moot. See Coronel v. State, No. 416 S.W.3d 550, 555 (Tex. App.––Dallas

2013, pet. ref’d) (citing Franklin v. State, 402 S.W.3d 894, 894 (Tex. App.––Dallas 2013, no

pet.)); see also Juarez v. State, No. 05–12–00125–CR, 2013 WL 3957008, at *9 (Tex. App.––

Dallas July 31, 2013, no pet.) (not designated for publication).

                                                –6–
           In response to the supplemental clerk’s record, appellant has filed objections in which he

argues the cost bill filed in the supplemental record is not a proper bill of costs. He contends the

cost bill is not proper bill of costs because it is an “unsigned, unsworn computer printout” that

“was not signed by the officer who charged the cost nor by the officer who is entitled to receive

payment for the cost.” As we stated earlier, the code of criminal procedure requires that a bill of

cost be certified and signed “by the officer who charged the costs or the officer who is entitled to

receive payment for the cost,” “stating the costs that have accrued” if the cause is appealed. See

TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 103.001, .006.

           In this case, the District Clerk has provided a cost bill that itemizes the costs that have

accrued thus far in appellant’s case, and it is certified and signed by the District Clerk. This

satisfies the mandate of the code of criminal procedure. See Coronel, 416 S.W.3d at 555

(rejecting argument that bill of costs in supplemental clerk’s record was not a “proper bill of

costs” because it was an “unsigned, unsworn computer printout”); see also Juarez, 2013 WL
3957008, at *10 (same). Appellant also contends there is no indication the bill of costs was filed

in the trial court or brought to the court’s attention before the costs were entered in the judgment.

We rejected this argument in Coronel, where we stated that “nothing in the code of criminal

procedure or the statutes addressing the assessment of costs against defendants requires that a bill

of costs be presented to the trial court at any time before judgment.” Coronel, 416 S.W.3d at

555–56; see also Juarez, 2013 WL 3957008. We therefore overrule appellant’s issue and his

objections. 2

           2
            In his original brief and his objections, appellant does not challenge the propriety or legality of the specific costs assessed; therefore,
we do not address those matters.

                                                                        –7–
                                 3. Modification of Judgment

       In his third issue, appellant argues that we should modify the judgment to properly reflect

the pleas of true entered by appellant to the two enhancement paragraphs in the indictment. The

State agrees that the judgment should be modified to show that appellant pleaded true to the

enhancement allegations.

       The indictment that charged appellant with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon

included two enhancement paragraphs. The record shows that appellant pleaded true to the two

enhancement paragraphs, but the judgment does not reflect a plea to the enhancement

paragraphs, stating “N/A” under the “Plea to 1st Enhancement Paragraph” and “Plea to 2nd

Enhancement/Habitual Paragraph.” In addition, the judgment states “N/A” under the “Findings

on 1st Enhancement Paragraph” and “Findings on 2nd Enhancement/Habitual Paragraph.”

       This Court has the power to modify an incorrect judgment to make the record speak the

truth when we have the necessary information to do so. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v.

State, 865 S.W.2d 26, 2728 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993); Asberry v. State, 813 S.W.2d 526, 529–30

(Tex. App.––Dallas 1991, pet. ref’d). Our authority to modify an incorrect judgment is not

dependent upon the request of any party, nor does it turn on the question of whether a party has

or has not objected in the trial court. See Asberry, 813 S.W.2d at 529–30. We thus sustain

appellant’s third issue and modify the judgment to reflect that appellant pleaded true to the two

enhancement paragraphs in the indictment and that they were found to be true.

       As modified, we firm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                    / Lana Myers/
                                                    LANA MYERS
                                                    JUSTICE

Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47
121410F.U05

                                              –8–
                                       S
                              Court of Appeals
                       Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      JUDGMENT

ANTOINE LADALE TAYLOR, Appellant                    On Appeal from the Criminal District Court
                                                    No. 3, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-12-01410-CR        V.                        Trial Court Cause No. F11-61645-J.
                                                    Opinion delivered by Justice Myers.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee                        Justices O’Neill and Brown participating.

        Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is MODIFIED
as follows:

       “Plea to 1st Enhancement Paragraph: True” and “Plea to 2nd Enhancement/
       Habitual Paragraph: True.”

       “Findings on 1st Enhancement Paragraph: True” and “Findings on 2nd
       Enhancement/Habitual Paragraph: True.”

As MODIFIED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.                We direct the trial court to enter a new
judgment that reflects these modifications.

Judgment entered this 18th day of February, 2014.

                                                    /Lana Myers/
                                                    LANA MYERS
                                                    JUSTICE

                                             –9–