Court Opinion

ID: 4212984
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-10-19 17:14:56.797065+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:41:10.655478
License: Public Domain

J-A23034-17, J-A23035-17, J-A23036-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

FAITH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                     :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                     :
           v.                        :
                                     :
                                     :
HORIZON CONSTRUCTION GROUP,          :
INC. AND LIBERTY MUTUAL GROUP,       :
INC. A/K/A LIBERTY MUTUAL            :   No. 777 EDA 2017
INSURANCE COMPANY                    :
                                     :
                  Appellants         :

            Appeal from the Order Entered February 2, 2017
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County
                 Civil Division at No(s): 5097-CV-2016

  GEORGE J. HAYDEN, INC.            :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                    :         PENNSYLVANIA
                                    :
             v.                     :
                                    :
                                    :
  FAITH TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND      :
  CASUALTY COMPANY                  :
                                    :    No. 784 EDA 2017
                                    :
             v.                     :
                                    :
                                    :
  HORIZON CONSTRUCTION GROUP,       :
  INC. AND LIBERTY MUTUAL           :
  GROUP, INC. A/K/A LIBERTY         :
  MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY          :
                                    :
                   Appellants       :

            Appeal from the Order Entered February 21, 2017
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County
                   Civil Division at No(s): 4689CV-2016
J-A23034-17, J-A23035-17, J-A23036-17

      FAITH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.                 : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                   v.                          :
                                               :
                                               :
      CBK LODGE, LP, AND EPT SKI               :
      PROPERTIES, INC.                         :
                                               :  No. 785 EDA 2017
                          Appellants           :

                Appeal from the Order Entered February 2, 2017
                In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County
                     Civil Division at No(s): 7162-CV-2016

BEFORE:      PANELLA, DUBOW, and FITZGERALD,* JJ

MEMORANDUM BY FITZGERALD, J.:                         FILED OCTOBER 19, 2017

        These three related appeals1 arise from a dispute between several

parties to a construction project.         In 777 EDA 2017 and 784 EDA 2017,

Horizon Construction Group, Inc. (“Horizon”) and Liberty Mutual Group, Inc.

(“Liberty Mutual”), appeal from orders overruling their preliminary objections

seeking enforcement of an agreement for alternative dispute resolution. In

785 EDA 2017, CBK Lodge, LP (“CBK”) and EPT, Ski Properties, Inc. (“EPT”),

appeal from an order overruling their preliminary objections to stay a

____________________________________________

*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 For purposes of disposition, we consolidate these appeals. See Pa.R.A.P.
513 (“where the same question is involved in two or more appeals in
different cases, the appellate court may, in its discretion, order them to be
argued together in all particulars as if but a single appeal”).

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mechanic’s lien action pending the outcome of alternative dispute resolution

proceedings       between    Horizon    and    Appellee,   Faith   Technologies,   Inc.

(“Faith”). For the reasons provided below, we (1) affirm in part, reverse in

part, and quash in part in 777 EDA 2017, (2) affirm in 784 EDA 2017, and

(3) quash in 785 EDA 2017.

                        FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        1.      Horizon Becomes General Contractor On The Construction
                Project

        In October 2013, Horizon entered into a contract with CBK and EPT as

general contractor for the construction of a resort hotel and a waterpark

known as the “Camelback Mountain Resort” (the “Project”).                R.R. at 21a-

98a2 (Horizon’s contract with CBK and EPT).

        2.      Horizon Obtains Payment Bonds From Liberty Mutual

        Horizon entered into two payment bonds with Liberty Mutual which

provide that every defined claimant may sue on the payment bonds,

prosecute the suit to final judgment for such sum or sums as may be justly

due claimant, and have execution thereon. The payment bonds state:

             No suit or action shall be commenced hereunder by any
             claimant . . .

             Other than in a state court of competent jurisdiction in and
             for the county or other political subdivision of the state in
             which the Project, or any party thereof, is situated, or in

____________________________________________

2   For the parties’ convenience, we refer to the reproduced record.

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           the United States District Court for the district in which the
           Project, or any part thereof, is situated, and not elsewhere.

R.R. at 237a, 246a.      The payment bonds do not provide for arbitration of

bond claims. Id. The payment bonds incorporated by reference Horizon’s

contract with CBK and EPT but did not incorporate the subcontract with Faith

discussed below. Id. at 236a, 245a.

      3.      Horizon Subcontracts Electrical Work To Faith

      During    2014,    Horizon   and   Faith   entered   into   two   subcontract

agreements for Faith to perform labor and furnish materials for electrical

installation on the hotel and waterpark portions of the Project (“Faith

Subcontracts”).     The Faith Subcontracts provide, at Horizon’s option, for

arbitration of any disputes arising out of or relating to the Faith Subcontracts

or Faith’s work on the Project, as follows:

           Any dispute or claim between [Faith] and [Horizon] arising
           out of or relating to this Subcontract or the work shall be
           decided, at the option of [Horizon], by arbitration in
           accordance with the latest version of the American
           Arbitration Association rules for Construction Industry
           proceedings. Written notice of the demand for arbitration
           shall be delivered to the American Arbitration Association
           and the other party in accordance with time limits in the
           Subcontract and within the time for institution of legal
           proceedings according to applicable statutes of limitations.

R.R. at 106a.

      4.      Faith Obtains Payment Bonds From Continental

      Faith entered into two payment bonds with its surety, Continental,

which provide that every defined claimant may sue on the payment bonds,

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prosecute the suit to final judgment for such sum or sums as may be justly

due claimant, and have execution thereon. The Continental payment bonds

did not provide for arbitration of bond claims. R.R. at 412a-414a.

      5.      Faith Sub-subcontracts Electrical Work To Hayden

      On February 15, 2014, Faith entered into sub-subcontract agreements

with George J. Hayden, Inc. (“Hayden”), a local electrical contractor, for

Hayden to perform electrical installation work in connection with Faith’s

subcontract work on the hotel portion and waterpark portions of the Project

(the “Hayden Sub-subcontracts”). The Hayden Sub-subcontracts provide, at

Faith’s option, for arbitration of any disputes arising out of the Hayden Sub-

subcontracts, as follows:

           [Faith], in its sole discretion, may demand arbitration with
           [Hayden] to resolve any dispute or claim arising under this
           Agreement. Such arbitration shall be conducted in
           accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration
           Association, as applicable to the construction industry.

R.R. at 423a.

      6.      Disputes Arise During The Project

      Disputes arose between Faith and Horizon during the Project. Horizon

claimed that Faith fraudulently modified its labor mark-up to inflate amounts

owed for additional work performed by Faith on the Project. R.R. at 7a-11a

(Faith’s complaint against Horizon). Faith claimed that Horizon failed to pay

Faith for the original scope of the work as well as for additional work it was

required to perform. Id.

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      Disputes also arose between Faith and Hayden. Hayden alleged that

Faith failed to pay monies that it owed for Hayden’s work and that Faith

constantly interrupted Hayden’s work schedule. Id. at 359a-386a (Hayden’s

complaint against Faith). Faith contended that Horizon was to blame for the

delays as the general contractor for the Project.     Id. atb7a-11a (Faith’s

complaint against Horizon).

      7.    Action I (Faith v. Horizon and Liberty Mutual)

      In July 2016, Faith filed a writ of summons against Horizon and

Continental at 5097 Civil 2016. Faith subsequently filed a complaint against

Horizon and Liberty Mutual.     Five counts of the complaint allege claims

against Horizon for breach of contract, conversion and violation of the

Contractor and Subcontractor Payment Act (“CASPA”), 73 P.S. §§ 501-516.

R.R. at 5a-16a. One count alleges a claim against Liberty Mutual for breach

of its payment bond.    Id. at 14a-15a.   In accordance with the arbitration

provisions in the Faith Subcontracts, Horizon elected to arbitrate Faith’s

claims. Id. at 267a-268a (Horizon’s preliminary objections in Action I). In

addition, Liberty Mutual purported to consent to arbitration, despite the lack

of an arbitration clause in its payment bonds.      Trial Ct. Op. (Action I),

2/2/17, at 4.

      8.    Action II (Hayden v. Faith and Continental v. Horizon and
            Liberty Mutual)

      In July 2016, Hayden filed a writ of summons against Faith at No.

4689 Civil 2016.    Subsequently, Hayden filed a complaint against Faith

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alleging breach of contract, quantum meruit and a CASPA violation. R.R. at

359a-389a.      Hayden also asserted a payment bond claim against Faith’s

surety, Continental. Id. at 390a-391a.

       In accordance with the arbitration provisions in the “Hayden Sub-

subcontracts, Faith elected not to arbitrate Hayden’s claims.     Trial Ct. Op.

(Action I), at 4.

       In response to Hayden’s complaint, Faith filed a joinder complaint

against Horizon and Liberty Mutual raising claims virtually identical to Faith’s

claims in Action I.3 R.R. at 433a-447a.

       9.     Action III (Faith v. CBK and EPT)

       In December 2015, Faith filed a mechanic’s lien against CBK and EPT.

R.R. at 931a-934a.        In October 2016, Faith filed a complaint against CBK

and EPT at 7162 Civil 2016 seeking recovery of all sums due and owing for

work performed under Faith’s subcontracts with Horizon. Id. at 955a-963a.

Since Faith did not have a contract directly with CBK or EPT, no agreement

exists between these parties to arbitrate their dispute.

____________________________________________

3The lone difference was that Count I of Faith’s complaint in Action I alleged
breach of contract against Horizon alone, whereas Count I of Faith’s joinder
complaint in Action II alleged contribution and indemnity against both
Horizon and Liberty Mutual. See R.R. at 11a, 439a.

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       10.    Preliminary Objections in Actions I, II and III Relating To
              Arbitration

       In Action I, Horizon filed preliminary objections invoking the arbitration

clause in its subcontract with Faith. R.R. at 261a-356a. Horizon requested

that the trial court stay or dismiss Faith’s action pending arbitration before

the American Arbitration Association. Id.

       In Action II, Horizon and Liberty Mutual filed preliminary objections to

Faith’s joinder complaint, again invoking the arbitration clause in its

subcontract with Faith and requesting that the trial court stay or dismiss

Faith’s joinder complaint pending arbitration before the American Arbitration

Association.4 Id. at 760a-930a.

       In Action III, CBK and EPT filed preliminary objections 5 requesting that

the trial court stay litigation of Faith’s mechanic’s lien action pending Faith’s

arbitration with Horizon before the American Arbitration Association. R.R. at

964a-1076a.

       Faith filed responses to the preliminary objections in all three actions,

while Hayden filed a response to the preliminary objections in Action II.

____________________________________________

4 Alternatively, Horizon and Liberty Mutual argued that (1) Count I of the
joinder complaint failed to state a cause of action, and (2) Counts II through
VI were barred under the prior pending action doctrine, because Faith was
asserted the same actions and sought the same relief in Action I. None of
these issues have been raised in the present appeals.

5 Counsel for Horizon and Liberty Mutual filed these preliminary objections
on behalf of CBK and EPT.

                                           -8-
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Both Faith and Hayden argued that arbitration was not a proper vehicle for

this dispute, because (1) Liberty Mutual and Continental had no arbitration

agreement with any parties; (2) CBK and EPT had no arbitration agreement

with Faith; (3) Hayden had no arbitration agreement with Horizon; (4)

although Faith had the right to arbitrate its dispute with Hayden, Faith

elected not to do so; and (5) Horizon was the only party that wanted to

arbitrate the dispute.

      On February 2, 2017, the trial court overruled Horizon’s and Liberty

Mutual’s preliminary objections in Actions I and II and CBK’s and EPT’s

preliminary objections in Action III. The effect of these orders was to keep

all claims by all parties in the trial court, notwithstanding Horizon’s

invocation of its arbitration clause with Faith. The trial court reasoned:

         The enforcement of the arbitration provision in the Horizon
         -Faith subcontract would subject those two parties to the
         decision of the arbitrator. However, that would leave the
         dispute involving [Liberty Mutual and Continental],
         Hayden, CBK and EPT to be determined in this court.
         Rather than simplifying the litigation, it would complicate
         it, and possibly subject the parties to inconsistent decisions
         . . . . Hayden asserts that it is entitled to additional
         payment due to delays in the project caused by Horizon.
         Faith is seeking damages from Horizon due to delays and
         schedule updates it claims were caused by Horizon. To
         require the parties to address these claims in two separate
         forums would be costly and may possibly lead to
         inconsistent results. Joinder of all the claims pursuant to
         Pa.R.C.P. 213 is the more efficient means of deciding the
         dispute.

Trial Ct. Op. (Action I), at 6-7.

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      Horizon filed timely appeals in Actions I and II, and both Horizon and

the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. CBK and EPT filed a notice of

appeal in Action III.

      In all three appeals, the same issues are presented for review:

           1. Did the lower court err in overruling Horizon and Liberty
           Mutual’s [p]reliminary [o]bjections seeking to compel
           arbitration of the disputes set forth in Faith’s [c]omplaint in
           [Action I] based upon the clear, bargained for arbitration
           agreement in the subcontracts at issue?

           2. Did the lower court err in overruling Horizon and Liberty
           Mutual’s [p]reliminary [o]bjections seeking to compel
           arbitration of the disputes set forth in Faith’s [j]oinder
           [c]omplaint in [Action II] based upon the clear, bargained
           for arbitration agreement in the subcontracts at issue?

           3. Did the lower court err in overruling Horizon’s
           [p]reliminary [o]bjections, filed as the party-in-interest on
           behalf of CBK [] and EPT [], seeking to stay [Action III]
           pending completion of binding arbitration between Faith
           and Horizon?

Appellants’ Brief, 777 EDA 2017, at 10; Appellants’ Brief, 784 EDA 2017, at

10; Appellants’ Brief, 785 EDA 2017, at 10.

                                 JURISDICTION

      Preliminarily, we address whether we have jurisdiction over these

appeals.    Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 311(a)(8) provides, in

relevant part:

           (a) General rule.—An appeal may be taken as of right and
           without reference to Pa.R.A.P. 341(c) from:

                                        ***

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           (8) Other cases.—An order that is made final or
           appealable by statute or general rule, even though the
           order does not dispose of all claims and of all parties.

Pa.R.A.P. 311(a)(8) (emphasis added).

        The trial court’s orders in Actions I and II are appealable under section

7320 of the Uniform Arbitration Act, which provides in relevant part:

           An appeal may be taken from . . . [a] court order denying
           an application to compel arbitration made under section
           7304 (relating to proceedings to compel or stay
           arbitration).

42 Pa.C.S. § 7320(a)(1).         “An order overruling preliminary objections

seeking to compel arbitration is immediately appealable as an interlocutory

appeal as of right pursuant to [section] 7320(a) and [Rule] 311(a)(8).”

Cardinal v. Kindred Healthcare, Inc., 155 A.3d 46, 49 n.1 (Pa. Super.

2017).

        The order in Action III, however, is not appealable. It is not from an

order    “denying an application     to   compel arbitration,”   42 Pa.C.S. §

7320(a)(1), but is instead from an order denying a stay in Action III

pending appeals in Actions I and II from orders denying arbitration. Nothing

in section 7320(a)(1) permits an appeal of an order denying a stay pending

an appeal in a separate case denying a motion to compel arbitration.

        Neither is the order in Action III appealable under the collateral order

doctrine embodied in Pa.R.A.P. 313, which provides:

           (a) General rule. An appeal may be taken as of right
           from a collateral order of an administrative agency or
           lower court.

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          (b) Definition. A collateral order is an order separable
          from and collateral to the main cause of action where the
          right involved is too important to be denied review and the
          question presented is such that if review is postponed until
          final judgment in the case, the claim will be irreparably
          lost.

Pa.R.A.P. 313. Here, the order denying a stay does not involve a right too

important to be denied review, because the question of arbitrability only

affects the parties to this construction dispute. See Geniviva v. Frisk, 725

A.2d 1209, 1214 (Pa. 1999) (“[f]or purposes of defining an order as a

collateral order under Rule 313, it is not sufficient that the issue be

important to the particular parties”); Pennsy Supply, Inc. v. Mumma, 921

A.2d 1184, 1194 (Pa. Super. 2007) (“[d]etermining whether the Quarry

Lease requires the parties to arbitrate this matter does not involve a right

too important to be denied review . . . because the parties’ rights and

obligations under this contract only impact the parties to this litigation”

(citation and quotation marks omitted)).6

       Accordingly, we quash the appeal from Action III at 785 EDA 2017.

                            APPEAL AT 777 EDA 2017

____________________________________________

6 Because the order in Action III fails to satisfy the importance prong, we
need not consider whether it satisfies the other elements of Rule 313(b).
See Jacksonian v. Temple Univ. Health Sys. Found., 862 A.2d 1275,
1282 (Pa. Super. 2004) (“[b]ecause an order must satisfy all three prongs of
the rule to qualify as a collateral order, we do not need to address the third
prong of the collateral order rule” (citation omitted)).

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      The first issue in this appeal is whether the trial court properly

overruled the preliminary objections of Horizon and Liberty Mutual to compel

Faith to arbitrate its claims in Action I. We affirm to the extent that the trial

court declined to compel Faith to arbitrate its claim against Liberty Mutual.

We reverse to the extent that the trial court declined to compel Faith to

arbitrate its claims against Horizon. We quash to the extent that this appeal

overlaps with the appeal in Action III, which we have quashed for the

reasons given in the previous section.

         Our standard of review of a claim that the trial court
         improperly overruled preliminary objections in the nature
         of a petition to compel arbitration . . . “is limited to
         determining whether the trial court’s findings are
         supported by substantial evidence and whether the trial
         court abused its discretion in denying the petition.”

         Pisano v. Extendicare Homes, Inc., 77 A.3d 651, 654
         (Pa. Super. 2013), [ ] (quoting Walton v. Johnson, 66
         A.3d 782, 787 (Pa. Super. 2013)).

            “In doing so, we employ a two-part test to determine
            whether the trial court should have compelled
            arbitration.” Elwyn [v. DeLuca], 48 A.3d [457],
            461 [(Pa. Super. 2012)][,] quoting Smay v. E.R.
            Stuebner, Inc., 864 A.2d 1266, 1270 (Pa. Super.
            2004)).      First, we examine whether a valid
            agreement to arbitrate exists. Second, we must
            determine whether the dispute is within the scope of
            the agreement. Pisano, 77 A.3d at 654–[ ]55.

         “Whether a claim is within the scope of an arbitration
         provision is a matter of contract, and as with all questions
         of law, our review of the trial court's conclusion is
         plenary.” Elwyn, 48 A.3d at 461.

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Fellerman v. PECO Energy Co., 159 A.3d 22, 26 (Pa. Super. 2017) (some

citations omitted).

      The Uniform Arbitration Act provides:

         A written agreement to subject any existing controversy to
         arbitration or a provision in a written agreement to submit
         to arbitration any controversy thereafter arising between
         the parties is valid, enforceable and irrevocable, save upon
         such grounds as exist at law or in equity relating to the
         validity, enforceability or revocation of any contract.

42 Pa.C.S. § 7303.     “If a valid arbitration agreement exists between the

parties and appellants’ claim is within the scope of the agreement, the

controversy must be submitted to arbitration.” Messa v. State Farm Ins.

Co., 641 A.2d 1167, 1170 (Pa. Super. 1994).

      Faith’s subcontracts with Horizon contain valid agreements to arbitrate

disputes between these parties. Both subcontracts state that “[a]ny dispute

or claim between [Faith] and [Horizon] arising out of or relating to this

Subcontract or the work shall be decided, at the option of [Horizon], by

arbitration . . . .” R.R. at 106a, 152a.

      Moreover, Faith’s claims against Horizon arise out of or relate to its

subcontracts with Horizon.     Id. at 4a-15a (Faith’s complaint in Action I).

Each of Faith’s claims against Horizon allege that Horizon breached the

subcontracts by failing to pay Faith for alleged work performed or otherwise

relate to Faith’s work on the Project. Id. at 8a-14a. Counts I, II and III of

Faith’s complaint plead alleged breaches of the subcontracts, including the

following:

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                                   COUNT I

        30. Horizon has failed to properly and timely pay Faith the
        amount owing under its Subcontracts for such labor and
        materials, consequently, this failure to pay constitutes a
        material breach of the Subcontract.

                                  COUNT II

        37. Horizon materially breached the Subcontracts,
        including the express and implied duties, agreements and
        obligations contained therein and arising therefrom, by
        failing to honor and fulfill its obligations with respect to the
        additional costs and expenses Faith incurred to perform
        the extra work on the Project.

                                  COUNT III

        43. Faith, in turn, properly and timely notified Horizon of
        Hayden’s claim in accordance with the Subcontracts as,
        according to Hayden, Horizon was the source of the project
        delays, impacts and/or issues.

Id. at 9a-10a.

     Similarly, in Count V, Faith asserts a CASPA claim against Horizon on

the ground that Horizon allegedly “continued to wrongfully withhold payment

from Faith the amounts due and owing under its Subcontract.” Id. at 13a.

In Count VI, Faith asserts a conversion claim against Horizon, alleging that

“[d]espite having received payment from the owner, Horizon converted to its

own use all Project funds and has failed to pay Faith sums due under the

Subcontract.” Id. at 13a, ¶ 64.

     Because Counts I, II, III, V and VI of the complaint fall within the

scope of the arbitration agreement between Faith and Horizon, the trial court

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erred by overruling Horizon’s preliminary objection to compel arbitration of

these claims.

      The final count in Faith’s complaint, Count IV, is a claim against

Horizon’s surety, Liberty Mutual, alleging breach of its payment bond. This

count is not subject to arbitration.

      “[W]hen     interpreting   a   bond,      the   language   of   the   bond    is

determinative.” Berks Products Corp. v. Arch Ins. Co., 72 A.3d 315, 319

(Pa. Cmwlth. 2013) (citing Salvino Steel & Iron Works, Inc. v. Fletcher

& Sons, Inc., 580 A.2d 853 (Pa. Super. 1990)).             Liberty Mutual’s bonds

neither include an arbitration provision nor incorporate by reference the

arbitration provision in Faith’s subcontracts with Horizon.           Thus, Liberty

Mutual cannot compel Faith to arbitrate any claim Faith lodges against

Liberty Mutual.     The fact that Liberty Mutual purports to consent to

arbitration is of no moment, because absent any arbitration agreement with

Faith, Liberty Mutual’s consent is not enforceable against Faith.                  Cf.

Cumberland-Perry Area Vocational-Technical Sch. Auth. v. Bogar &

Bink, 396 A.2d 433, 435 (Pa. Super. 1978) (“[p]ersons cannot compel

arbitration of a disagreement between or among parties who have not

contracted to arbitrate that disagreement between or among themselves”)

(citations omitted)).

      The parties argue at length over the proper remedy when Faith’s

claims against Horizon are subject to arbitration but Faith’s claim against

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Liberty Mutual is not.       Faith argued, and the trial court agreed, that all

claims against Horizon and Liberty Mutual must be litigated in the trial court.

Horizon countered that all claims against Horizon and Liberty Mutual must

proceed to arbitration.      In light of recent decisions by our Supreme Court

and this Court, we reach middle ground: Faith’s claims against Horizon

belong in arbitration, while Faith’s claim against Liberty Mutual belongs in

the trial court.    See Taylor v. Extendicare Health Facilities, Inc., 147

A.3d 490, 511-13 (Pa. 2016); Fellerman, 159 A.3d at 27 n.1.

        In Taylor, a nursing home executed an agreement with a resident

which required arbitration of claims arising from the resident’s stay at the

nursing home. Following the resident’s death, her personal representative

brought wrongful death and survival actions against the nursing home. The

nursing home moved to bifurcate the wrongful death and survival actions

and to compel arbitration of the survival action pursuant to the arbitration

agreement and the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”), 9 U.S.C. § 2.           The

resident’s personal representative argued that Pa.R.C.P. 213(e) required

consolidation of the survival and wrongful death actions for trial.

        Invoking the Supremacy Clause,7 our Supreme Court held that the FAA

preempted Rule 213(e) and required enforcement of the arbitration

____________________________________________

7   The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution provides:
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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provision. Taylor, 147 A.3d at 510. The Court thoroughly analyzed a line

of United States Supreme Court decisions holding that the FAA preempts

state laws that are hostile to arbitration. Id. at 502-09. The “preemption

juggernaut” created by these decisions

          instruct[s] that the prospect of inefficient, piecemeal
          litigation proceeding in separate forums is no impediment
          to the arbitration of arbitrable claims. Indeed, where a
          plaintiff has multiple disputes with separate defendants
          arising from the same incident, and only one of those
          claims is subject to an arbitration agreement, the [United
          States Supreme] Court requires, as a matter of law,
          adjudication in separate forums.

Id. at 502, 507; see also id. at 509 (“the FAA binds state courts to compel

arbitration of claims subject to an arbitration agreement . . . This directive is

mandatory, requiring parties to proceed to arbitration on issues subject to a

valid arbitration agreement, even if a state law would otherwise exclude it

from arbitration”).

      In Fellerman, which this Court decided shortly after Taylor, two

home purchasers filed a civil action against a home inspector and other

defendants for injuries that one of the purchasers suffered in a fire at the
(Footnote Continued) _______________________

          This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which
          shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made,
          or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United
          States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the
          Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in
          the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary
          notwithstanding.

U.S. Const. art. VI, cl. 2.

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residence. The purchasers’ agreement with the home inspector contained an

arbitration clause; the purchasers had no arbitration agreement with the

other defendants. We held that the purchasers must submit their claims

against the home inspector to binding arbitration. Fellerman, 159 A.3d at

30-31. Notably, we reasoned:

         The [home purchasers] also argue that, because there are
         multiple other defendants with regard to whom they have
         indisputably not waived their right to a jury trial, forcing
         them to arbitrate would deprive them of their
         constitutional right to a jury trial. In this regard, the
         [home purchasers] also invoke notions of judicial
         economy, arguing that “arbitrating only the claims against
         Historic [ ], and preserving the right to a jury against the
         other entities, would require separate proceedings,
         separate discovery, enormous expense for all involved,
         and delay the ultimate resolution of the matter.” . . . This
         argument is meritless. Recently, our Supreme Court
         decided Taylor . . . in which it addressed nearly identical
         arguments aimed at invalidating an agreement to arbitrate
         in the context of a wrongful death and survival action. The
         Court rejected those arguments, concluding that the
         mandate of the [FAA] favoring arbitration, trumps notions
         of judicial economy and efficiency and requires that
         otherwise valid arbitration agreements be enforced, even
         where enforcement results in related disputes with multiple
         defendants being adjudicated in separate forums.

Id. at 27 n.1.

      Taylor and Fellerman require bifurcation of the claims in Faith’s

complaint   despite   any   “notions   of    judicial   economy   and   efficiency.”

Fellerman, 159 A.3d at 27 n.1.              Faith’s claims against Horizon must

proceed to arbitration in accordance with the arbitration clause in Faith’s

subcontracts with Horizon. Conversely, Faith’s claim against Liberty Mutual

                                       - 19 -
J-A23034-17, J-A23035-17, J-A23036-17

must remain in the trial court due to lack of an arbitration clause in Liberty

Mutual’s payment bonds and lack of incorporation by reference of the

arbitration provision in Faith’s subcontracts with Horizon.

      The second and third issues that Horizon raises in its brief at 777 EDA

2017 relate to whether Faith should arbitrate its claims in Actions II and III,

respectively.   We will address the second issue in our discussion of the

appeal at 784 EDA 2017 below.         We quash the third issue because it

purports to challenge the order denying a stay in Action III, an issue we lack

jurisdiction to decide for the reasons given on pages 11-12.

                          APPEAL AT 784 EDA 2017

      The first issue in this appeal is whether the trial court properly

overruled the preliminary objections of Horizon and Liberty Mutual to compel

Faith to arbitrate its claims in Action I. We have addressed this issue above

in our discussion of the appeal at 777 EDA 2017.

      The third issue in this appeal purports to challenge the order denying a

stay in Action III. As we did at 777 EDA 2017, we quash this issue for the

reasons given on pages 11-12.

      This leaves the second issue for resolution: whether the lower court

erred in overruling Horizon and Liberty Mutual’s preliminary objections

seeking to compel arbitration of the disputes set forth in Faith’s joinder

complaint in Action II.

                                     - 20 -
J-A23034-17, J-A23035-17, J-A23036-17

       In Action II, Hayden, a sub-subcontractor, filed a civil action against

Faith and Faith’s surety, Continental, alleging breach of contract and related

claims.   Faith in turn filed a joinder complaint against Horizon and Liberty

Mutual alleging virtually the same claims as in Action I.

       The arbitration clause in Faith’s agreement with Hayden gave Faith

sole discretion to demand arbitration. Faith opted not to demand arbitration

against Hayden.8 Horizon and Liberty Mutual filed preliminary objections to

Faith’s joinder complaint, arguing, as they did in Action I, that Faith’s claims

against them should proceed to arbitration.         The trial court overruled

Horizon’s and Liberty Mutual’s preliminary objections.

       In this Court, Horizon and Liberty Mutual argue that the trial court

erred by denying their preliminary objections requesting arbitration of Faith’s

claims against them. For the reasons given in our discussion of the appeal

at 777 EDA 2017, we hold that Faith’s claims against Horizon in Counts I, II,

III, V and VI must proceed to arbitration, while Faith’s claim against Liberty

Mutual in Counts I and IV must remain in the trial court. See pages 12-20,

supra.

                                     CONCLUSION

       In the appeal at 777 EDA 2017, we affirm the trial court’s order to the

extent that it overrules Liberty Mutual’s preliminary objection seeking
____________________________________________

8 Horizon did not appeal Faith’s decision to refrain from demanding
arbitration against Hayden.

                                          - 21 -
J-A23034-17, J-A23035-17, J-A23036-17

arbitration of Count IV of Faith’s complaint in Action I. We reverse the trial

court to the extent it overrules Horizon’s preliminary objections seeking

arbitration of Counts I, II, III, V and VI of Faith’s complaint in Action I. We

quash the third issue of Horizon’s and Liberty Mutual’s brief.

      In the appeal at 784 EDA 2017, we affirm the trial court’s order to the

extent that it overrules Liberty Mutual’s preliminary objection seeking

arbitration of Counts I and IV of Faith’s joinder complaint in Action II. We

reverse the trial court to the extent it overrules Horizon’s preliminary

objections seeking arbitration of Counts I, II, III, V and VI of Faith’s joinder

complaint in Action II.   We quash the third issue of Horizon’s and Liberty

Mutual’s brief.

      We quash the appeal at 785 EDA 2017.

      Appeals at 777 EDA 2017 and 784 EDA 2017 affirmed in part, reversed

in part and quashed in part. Cases remanded for proceedings in accordance

with this memorandum. Jurisdiction relinquished. Appeal at 785 EDA 2017

quashed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 10/19/2017

                                     - 22 -