Court Opinion

ID: 4078773
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-10-03 09:33:46.412818+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:33:04.246245
License: Public Domain

ACCEPTED
                                                                                  03-16-00358-CV
                                                                                        12962802
                                                                       THIRD COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                  AUSTIN, TEXAS
                                                                             9/28/2016 7:58:24 PM
                                                                                JEFFREY D. KYLE
                                                                                           CLERK
                              No. 03-16-00358-CV

                          IN THE COURT OF APPEALS                 FILED IN
                       FOR THE THIRD DISTRICT OF TEXAS     3rd COURT OF APPEALS
                                                               AUSTIN, TEXAS
                                AUSTIN, TEXAS              9/28/2016 7:58:24 PM
                                                             JEFFREY D. KYLE
                                                                   Clerk
                               PATRICIA MOSLEY,
                                          Appellant/Cross-Appellee,

                                      V.

 TEXAS HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES COMMISSION AND TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF
                   FAMILY AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES,
                                     Appellees/Cross-Appellants.

             ON APPEAL FROM THE 201ST JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT,
             TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS, CAUSE NO. D-1-GN-15-001024

                       APPELLANT’S INITIAL BRIEF

BAKER BOTTS L.L.P.                          Kevin E. Vickers
                                            State Bar No. 24079517
98 San Jacinto Blvd., Suite 1500            kevin.vickers@bakerbotts.com
Austin, Texas 78701-4078
512.322.2500 (phone)                        Paulina Williams
512.322.2501 (fax)                          State Bar No. 24066295
                                            paulina.williams@bakerbotts.com

                                            Samia R. Broadaway
                                            State Bar No. 24088322
                                            samia.broadaway@bakerbotts.com

ATTORNEYS FOR PATRICIA MOSLEY                              September 28, 2016

                     ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED
                       IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL
      Pursuant to Rule 38.1(a) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, the
following is a complete list of all parties to the trial court’s order appealed from,
and the names and addresses of all trial and appellate counsel.

   Appellant/Cross-Appellee: Patricia Mosley

      Appellant’s/Cross-Appellee’s Counsel:

      Kevin E. Vickers
      State Bar No. 24079517
      kevin.vickers@bakerbotts.com
      Paulina Williams
      State Bar No. 24066295
      paulina.williams@bakerbotts.com
      Samia R. Broadaway
      State Bar No. 24088322
      samia.broadaway@bakerbotts.com
      Baker Botts, L.L.P.
      98 San Jacinto Blvd., Suite 1500
      Austin, Texas 78701-4078
      512.322.2500 (phone)
      512.322.2501 (fax)

   Appellees/Cross-Appellants: Texas Health and Human Services Commission,
   and Texas Department of Family and Protective Services

      Appellees’/Cross-Appellants’ Counsel:

      Andrew Lutostanski
      State Bar No. 24072217
      andrew.lutostanski@texasattorneygeneral.gov
      Assistant Attorney General
      Office of the Attorney General of Texas
      Administrative Law Division
      P.O. Box 12548, Capitol Station
      Austin, Texas 78711-2548
      512.475.4200 (phone)
      512.320.0167 (fax)

                                          i
                                              TABLE OF CONTENTS
Identity of Parties and Counsel .................................................................................. i
Index of Authorities ................................................................................................. iv
Statement of the Case.............................................................................................. vii
References to the Record ....................................................................................... viii
Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... viii
Issue Presented ......................................................................................................... ix
   Did the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (“HHSC”) err
   when it concluded that Appellant Patricia Mosley committed “reportable
   conduct,” thereby requiring that Ms. Mosley be listed on the Employee
   Misconduct Registry (“EMR”) and forever banned from employment in
   facilities regulated by the Texas Department of Aging and Disability
   Services (“DADS”)?
Statement of the Facts ................................................................................................1
   I. Ms. Mosley was assigned to the H** Home where AW resides. ....................1
   II. Ms. Mosley was assigned to care for AW alone when the incident
       occurred. ...........................................................................................................3
   III. The DFPS ordered that Ms. Mosley be placed on the Employee
        Misconduct Registry, and Ms. Mosley sought review. ....................................6
Standard of Review ....................................................................................................8
Summary of the Argument.........................................................................................9
Argument..................................................................................................................12
   I. Background on group homes and the Employee Misconduct Registry .........12
   II. “Reportable conduct” is a defined term that requires “a negligent act or
       omission” and consideration of circumstances, ordinary prudence, and
       the reasonableness of the worker’s conduct in light of foreseeable risks. .....15
   III. Point of Error 1. The HHSC erred in finding that Ms. Mosley
        committed “neglect” because the record does not contain substantial
        evidence to support the finding of negligence, a required component of
        neglect. ...........................................................................................................17
        A. Ms. Mosley did not commit negligence because it was impossible to
           maintain one-to-one supervision within arm’s-length distance, when
           staffed alone with AW for nearly seven hours.........................................18

                                                             ii
        B. Given the absence of symptoms or threats in the days and hours
           beforehand, AW’s secretive conduct at the time of the incident was
           not foreseeable, and therefore Ms. Mosley’s conduct did not
           constitute neglect......................................................................................21
              1. Ms. Mosley’s prudence was required to be that of an ordinary
                 worker in a field requiring only basic skills and training. .................23
              2. AW’s Treatment Plans do not convey to the ordinary worker
                 that AW would surreptitiously engage in self-harm without
                 warning. .............................................................................................24
              3. Ms. Mosley’s personal observations and experience at the H**
                 Home did not suggest AW would behave subtly, secretively, or
                 without warning. ................................................................................26
              4. Symptoms that correlate with AW’s dangerous behaviors were
                 wholly absent in the days and hours prior to the February 14,
                 2014, incident. ....................................................................................29
   IV. Point of Error 2. The HHSC erroneously applied a strict liability
       standard given lack of substantial evidence on duration out of arm’s
       length. .............................................................................................................33
        A. The record lacks substantial evidence regarding the actual duration
           that AW was out of arm’s length, an essential underlying fact for
           foreseeability and the conclusion that neglect occurred. .........................33
        B. The HHSC thus failed to apply its own “negligence” standard,
           erroneously holding Ms. Mosley to a strict liability standard. ................35
   V. Point of Error 3. The HHSC erred in finding Ms. Mosley caused or
      may have caused harm. ..................................................................................37
Conclusion and Prayer .............................................................................................40
Certificate of Compliance ........................................................................................42
Certificate of Service ...............................................................................................42
Index to Appendix ....................................................................................................43

                                                             iii
                                            INDEX OF AUTHORITIES

Cases
Citizens Against Landfill Location v. Tex. Comm’n on Envtl. Quality,
  169 S.W.3d 258 (Tex. App.—Austin 2005, pet. denied) .......................................8
Cont’l Imports, Ltd. v. Brunke,
  03-10-00719-CV, 2011 WL 6938489 (Tex. App.—Austin Dec. 30, 2011, pet.
  denied) ..................................................................................................................35
Del Lago Partners, Inc. v. Smith,
  307 S.W.3d 762 (Tex. 2010) ................................................................... 22, 23, 32
Dyess v. Harris,
  321 S.W.3d 9 (Tex. App.—Houston 2009, pet. denied) .............................. 22, 36
Ehlers v. State,
  756 N.W.2d 152 (Neb. 2008) ...............................................................................30
El Chico Corp. v. Poole,
  732 S.W.2d 306 (Tex. 1987) ................................................................................22
Great Atl. & Pac. Tea Co. v. Evans,
  175 S.W.2d 249 (Tex. 1943) ................................................................................22
Home Care Assoc. of Am. v. Weil,
  799 F.3d 1084 (D.C. Cir. 2015) .................................................................... 14, 24
Jackson v. Axelrad,
  221 S.W.3d 650 (Tex. 2007) ........................................................................ passim
Kroger Co. v. Elwood,
  197 S.W.3d 793 (Tex. 2006) ................................................................................37
Lamb Cty. Elec. Co-op., Inc. v. Pub. Util. Comm’n of Tex.,
  269 S.W.3d 260 (Tex. App.—Austin 2008, pet. denied) .....................................34
Martin v. Tex. Dep’t of Pub. Safety,
  964 S.W.2d 772 (Tex. App.—Austin 1998, no pet.) .............................................9
McClure v. Allied Stores of Tex., Inc.,
  608 S.W.2d 901 (Tex. 1980) ......................................................................... 37, 39
Perez v. Lopez,
  74 S.W.3d 60 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2002, no pet.) ....................................... 22, 29
Pub. Util. Comm’n of Tex. v. Gulf States Utils. Co.,
  809 S.W.2d 201 (Tex. 1991) ................................................................................36
Rio Grande Reg’l Hosp., Inc. v. Villarreal,
  329 S.W.3d 594 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2010, pet. granted, judgm’t vacated
  w.r.m.)...................................................................................................................32

                                                             iv
Tex. Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. Fecci,
  989 S.W.2d 135 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1999, pet. denied) .............................8
Tex. Health Facilities Comm’n v. Charter Medical-Dallas, Inc.,
  665 S.W.2d 446 (Tex. 1984) ................................................................................34
Tex. Home Mgmt., Inc. v. Peavy,
  89 S.W.3d 30 (Tex. 2002) ....................................................................................21
Thompson v. Gibson,
  298 S.W.2d 97 (Tex. 1957) ..................................................................... 15, 18, 21
Timberwalk Apartments, Partners, Inc. v. Cain,
  972 S.W.2d 749 (Tex. 1998) ............................................................. 23, 26, 28, 30
Torrington Co. v. Stutzman,
  46 S.W.3d 829 (Tex. 2000) ..................................................................................23
Statutes
42 U.S.C. § 10801 ....................................................................................................17
Tex. Gov’t Code § 2001.174............................................................................ passim
Tex. Health & Safety Code § 253.0075 ...................................................................14
Tex. Health & Safety Code ch. 253 .........................................................................14
Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.001 ................................................................................14
Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.251 ................................................................................15
Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.401 ..................................................................... 7, 15, 37
Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.402 ................................................................................15
Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.403 ................................................................................15
Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.406 ..................................................................................8
Tex. Hum. Res. Code ch. 48, subchapter I ..............................................................14
Other Authorities
20 Tex. Reg. 3830 (May 23, 1995) ..........................................................................17
53 Tex. Jur. 3d Negligence § 23 (2014) ...................................................................36
Employee Misconduct Registry FAQs, TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF AGING AND
  DISABILITY SERVICES,
  https://www.dads.state.tx.us/providers/nf/credentialing/emr/faq_emr.html (last
  visited Sept. 20, 2016) ............................................................................................1
Fact Sheet: Home and Community-based Services, TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF AGING
  AND DISABILITY SERVICES, https://www.dads.state.tx.us/services/faqs-
  fact/hcs.html (last visited Sept. 20, 2016) ............................................................12
H.R. REP. NO. 99-576 (1986), reprinted in 1986 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1377 ....................17

                                                           v
Neil S. Butler, “In the Most Appropriate Setting”: The Rights of Mentally
  Disabled Individuals Under the Americans with Disabilities Act in the Wake of
  Olmstead v. L.C., 49 Cath. U.L. Rev. 1021 (2000) ..............................................12
S. REP. NO. 99-109 (1985), reprinted in 1986 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1361 .................. 13, 17
Sen. Research Ctr., Bill Analysis, Tex. S.B. 967, 76th Leg., R.S. (1999) . 12, 13, 24
Regulations
40 Tex. Admin. Code § 711.1402 (2015) ................................................................12
40 Tex. Admin. Code § 711.1406 (2015) ................................................... 15, 18, 38
40 Tex. Admin. Code § 711.19 (2015) ............................................................. 16, 38
40 Tex. Admin. Code § 9.153 ..................................................................................12
40 Tex. Admin. Code § 9.158 ....................................................................................2
40 Tex. Admin. Code § 9.159 ....................................................................................2
40 Tex. Admin. Code § 9.163 ....................................................................................2
40 Tex. Admin. Code § 94.12 ....................................................................................1

                                                       vi
                           STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Nature of the Case:      Ms. Patricia Mosley sued in Travis County district court,
                         seeking judicial review of a final ordered, issued
                         February 12, 2015, by the Texas Health and Human
                         Services Commission (“HHSC”) in Cause No.
                         14-0474-M and EMR No. 039-14. The HHSC’s final
                         order directs the Texas Department of Family and
                         Protective Services (“DFPS”) to submit Ms. Mosley’s
                         name and other identifying information to the
                         Department of Aging and Disability Services (“DADS”)
                         for inclusion in the Employee Misconduct Registry
                         (“EMR” or “Registry”) pursuant to Texas Human
                         Resources Code section 48.408. CR 216-224. The
                         HHSC and DFPS filed a plea to the jurisdiction and
                         argued that the HHSC’s final order should be affirmed by
                         the district court. CR 72-108.

Trial court and judge:   The Honorable Darlene Byrne, presiding in the 201st
                         Judicial District Court, Travis County, Texas

Disposition below:       The district court denied the HHSC’s and DFPS’s plea to
                         the jurisdiction and affirmed the HHSC final order. CR
                         260.

                                       vii
                       REFERENCES TO THE RECORD
AR [Volume]:[Page][(Lines)]           Administrative Record

CR [Page]                             Clerk’s Record

                              ABBREVIATIONS
BSP                                   Behavior Support Plan

COL                                   Conclusion of Law

DADS                                  Texas Department of Aging and
                                      Disability Services

DFPS                                  Texas Department of Family and
                                      Protective Services

EMR                                   Employee Misconduct Registry

FOF                                   Finding of Fact

HCS                                   Home- and Community-based Service

HHSC                                  Texas Health and Human Services
                                      Commission

                                   viii
                               ISSUE PRESENTED
Did the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (“HHSC”) err when it
concluded that Appellant Patricia Mosley committed “reportable conduct,” thereby
requiring that Ms. Mosley be listed on the Employee Misconduct Registry
(“EMR”) and forever banned from employment in facilities regulated by the Texas
Department of Aging and Disability Services (“DADS”)?

                                       ix
                                  STATEMENT OF THE FACTS
       Ms. Patricia Mosley has supported herself as a care worker for more than 15

years, and has done so without incident. AR 2:24(21), 2:54(6-9), 2:236(15-17)

(Mosley testimony). Ms. Mosley now faces a permanent ban on her ability to

support herself by working in DADS-regulated facilities or agencies1 based on the

HHSC’s finding of a single, momentary distraction that occurred on February 14,

2014, while Ms. Mosley was caring for a unique and particularly challenging

individual, “AW.”2 AR 1:0033 (HHSC Final Order, Finding of Fact (“FOF”) 5).

I.     Ms. Mosley was assigned to the H** Home where AW resides.

       Ms.     Mosley      began      working      for    Doubletree      Residential      Services

(“Doubletree”) in the spring of 2013, AR 2:24(15-16), primarily in a home- and

community-based service (“HCS”) facility that housed consumers who were lower

functioning or otherwise dissimilar from AW.                     AR 2:37(5-7), 2:124(10-15),

2:232(8-11). Beginning mid-January 2014, Ms. Mosley was assigned to a group

1
  These facilities include: nursing facilities; intermediate care facilities for individuals with an
intellectual disability or related condition that are licensed by DADS; assisted living (personal
care) facilities; adult foster care (Type C) facilities; adult day care facilities; hospices; and home
and community support services agencies. The bar to employment also applies to unlicensed
employees who provide the following services to residents or consumers of DADS-licensed
long-term care facilities and agencies: direct care services (direct care services include eating,
bathing, dressing, and ambulatory services and assistance to residents); personal care services;
active treatment; and any other services. Employee Misconduct Registry FAQs, TEXAS
DEPARTMENT OF AGING AND DISABILITY SERVICES,
https://www.dads.state.tx.us/providers/nf/credentialing/emr/faq_emr.html (last visited Sept. 20,
2016). EMR listing also results in revocation of nurse-aide certification. 40 Tex. Admin. Code
§ 94.12(j).
2
  In order to protect her privacy, the individual receiving direct care from Ms. Mosley at the time
of the occurrences relevant to the HHSC’s Final Order is referred to herein by the initials “AW.”

                                                  1
home located on H** Drive (“H** Home”).3 AR 2:30(16). H** Home was an

HCS facility that housed three consumers, including AW. AR 2:132(10-14).

       AW was designated as “Level of Need 9” and needed one-on-one

supervision. AR 1:0144; see 40 Tex. Admin. Code § 9.163. AW is a middle-aged,

mentally ill individual with a history of self-harming behavior and suicide

attempts, including swallowing foreign objects.               AR 1:0144-0149 (Behavior

Support Plan (“BSP”)). Family Eldercare, Inc. was her guardian of the person,

with full authority. AR 1:0120. Family Eldercare, Inc. placed her at the H**

Home following periods in state hospitalization and various “board and care”

homes, and after no Intermediate Care Facility would accept AW. AR 1:0145

(BSP). Despite her history, AW was regarded as “very high functioning.” AR

1:0100 (Nurse’s Statement).

       AW’s care was guided by several DADS-regulated plans. See, e.g., 40 Tex.

Admin. Code §§ 9.158(j)(4), 9.159.             AW’s Level 9 Behavior Support Plan

provided for “one-to-one supervision with staff within arm’s length during waking

hours and line-of-sight supervision during sleeping hours.” AR 1:0147 (BSP).

However, in practice, the H** Home staff afforded AW limited privacy in the

bathroom, allowing her to go in alone but with the door cracked. AR 2:161(6-16)

(Desiree Garcia testimony).

3
 The full name of the house is not used in case this information might be considered identifying
of AW.

                                               2
      According to her Behavior Support Plan, AW’s dangerous behavior

“correlates with reports she is hearing voices and subsequent threats to harm

herself,” and the “Baseline” behavior description focuses on AW “making threats

to harm herself,” “threatening staff,” and “threatening to kill herself.” AR 1:0145

(BSP). Further, AW’s Person-Directed Plan indicates the “symptom” of “hearing

voices.” AR 1:0125 (Person-Directed Plan).

      AW’s Person-Directed Plan, dated December 2, 2013, states AW was “doing

a good job of being safe. AW will turn to staff for comfort when she gets upset or

scared at night due to bad dreams.” AR 1:0125. Though the Person-Directed Plan

specifically has a field to “[i]dentify any needs, requests or considerations specific

to this service that are necessary for the staff to know when supporting the

individual in achieving his/her outcomes,” Doubletree did not identify any

additional considerations, such as evasive behavior. AR 1:0124-0130. According

to AW’s case manager, Josie Vargas, “[AW] will go several months without any

incidents of suicidal ideations.” AR 1:0053 (Investigative Report).

II.   Ms. Mosley was assigned to care for AW alone when the incident
      occurred.

      For her first 30 days working at H** Home, Ms. Mosley regularly cared for

the two other consumers in the house, and had very limited experience with AW.

AR 2:30(1-2, 16). She was asked only twice to provide care for AW, and on both

occasions she was accompanied by other Doubletree staff members experienced in

                                          3
caring for AW. AR 2:30(1-9). Her training did not include AW’s individual

specific needs, Treatment Plans, or medication training. AR 2:58(15)-59(7); see

also AR 2:126(19)-127(6) (Theresa Faller-Gerrenhaw testimony), 2:189(21-24)

(Nurse’s testimony), 2:27(1-22) (Mosley testimony), 2:52(23)-53(1) (Mosley

testimony). During the time Ms. Mosley worked at the H** Home, AW had not

demonstrated any self-harming or suicidal behaviors. AR 2:83(21-25) (Mosley

testimony). As reflected in the Service Delivery Logs dated February 10 to 13,

2014, in the days leading up to February 14, 2014, AW did not make any reports of

hearing voices or any threats to herself or others, or otherwise exhibit any

emotional outbursts. AR 1:0150-0156.

      On February 14, 2014, the H** Home’s manager was injured and another

regular worker was out. AR 2:32(1-6) (Mosley testimony). Doubletree asked Ms.

Mosley to work an extra shift to care for AW. AR 2:32(1-6). A dedicated worker

eager to help, Ms. Mosley agreed. AR 2:45(14-19) (Mosley testimony). AW was

recovering from a stomach bug and a rash, so she stayed home from the day-

rehabilitation program she generally would have attended. AR 1:0059. As a

result, Ms. Mosley was left to care for AW alone—for the first time—from

approximately 8:30 a.m. to approximately 3:15 p.m. AR 1:0061, 0070. Leaving

any worker alone with AW—even an experienced worker—was unprecedented.

AR 2:162(7)-163(24) (Desiree Garcia testimony).

                                       4
      AW slept for much of the morning and into the early afternoon. AR 1:0059

(AW statement), 1:0060 (Mosley statement). When she arose around 2:00 p.m.,

she and Ms. Mosley stepped outside for fresh air. AR 1:0055 (Nurse’s statement),

2:72(19)-73(8), 2:100(19-20). As they came inside, fellow Doubletree employee

Desiree Garcia called the landline at the H** Home to inquire whether the staff’s

paychecks had arrived. AR 1:0061, 2:153(1-3) (Desiree Garcia testimony). AW

answered and, upon request, gave the phone to Ms. Mosley.            AR 1:0061.

According to Ms. Mosley, the phone call lasted two minutes at most,

AR 2:10(25)-11(1) (Mosley testimony); according to Ms. Garcia, it lasted “about

five or six minutes,” inclusive of the time she spoke with AW.        AR 1:0060

(Desiree Garcia statement), 2:152(22)-153(3) (Desiree Garcia testimony). At some

point during the conversation, AW walked out of the living room and down the

hall toward the restroom. AR 2:81(4-19). When Ms. Mosley hung up the phone

and rounded the corner from the living room to reestablish arm’s length

supervision, AR 2:82(17)-83(7) (Mosley testimony), AW was in the bathroom with

the door cracked—exactly where AW had indicated she wanted to go prior to the

phone ringing. AR 2:81(4-8), 83(2-7) (“I’m thinking she’s just probably rushing to

go use the bathroom, because she told me that’s where she was going . . . before

the phone range [sic].”) (Mosley testimony).

                                        5
       Ms. Mosley and AW continued their day together, without AW indicating

that anything was wrong. AR 1:0061. In the mid-afternoon, the two went with

other consumers and staff to the Dollar Tree store where AW bought a greeting

card. AR 1:0061. Later that evening, AW pulled the visiting nurse aside and

revealed that, earlier in the day, she had removed two batteries from her

housemate’s remote control and swallowed them.         AR 2:182(18-20) (Nurse’s

testimony). The housemate’s bedroom was located immediately adjacent to the

bathroom and contained a remote control with unsecured batteries on a table within

reach of the doorway.     AR 2:68(22)-69(6).    AW was in no discomfort, AR

1:0182-0184, 1:0056, and was taken to the emergency room at South Austin

Medical Center, where doctors removed the batteries through her mouth. AR

1:0186. The primary risk, if the batteries were not removed, was the possibility

that the batteries could cause a blockage which then might cause a bowel

perforation. AR 1:0093. AW returned home that same night. AR 1:0057.

       After the incident, Doubletree immediately removed Ms. Mosley from the

H** Home staff. See AR 1:0169, 1:0091.

III.   The DFPS ordered that Ms. Mosley be placed on the Employee
       Misconduct Registry, and Ms. Mosley sought review.

       The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (“DFPS”)

investigated and concluded Ms. Mosley committed “reportable conduct” and

would be placed on the Employee Misconduct Registry (“EMR”) maintained by

                                        6
DADS.     AR 1:0001.     Ms. Mosley timely requested an administrative appeal

hearing. AR 1:0006. After the hearing, the presiding HHSC Administrative Law

Judge issued a Final Decision and Order sustaining DFPS’s determination that Ms.

Mosley committed reportable conduct.        AR 1:0029 (Final Order).     The term

“reportable conduct” is defined to include “neglect that causes or may cause death

or harm to an individual[.]” Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.401(5)(A). The HHSC

concluded that, because Ms. Mosley “failed to maintain one-to-one supervision

within arms-length distance of AW—as required by AW’s treatment plan—thus

enabling AW to remove and swallow batteries, placing her at risk of physical

injury such as bowel obstruction or perforation, Petitioner committed neglect,” and

that the neglect “caused or may have caused AW risk of harm.” AR 1:0035 (Final

Order, Conclusion of Law (“COL”) 9, 10).         It ordered DFPS to submit Ms.

Mosley’s name and other identifying information to DADS for inclusion in the

EMR, pursuant to Texas Human Resources Code section 48.408. AR 1:0035

(Final Order, COL 11).

      Ms. Mosely sought judicial review of the HHSC Final Order. The trial court

affirmed the HHSC Final Order, CR 260, and Ms. Mosley appealed to this Court.

CR 261-63.

                                        7
                              STANDARD OF REVIEW
      Judicial review of the HHSC Final Order is under the substantial evidence

rule. Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.406(c)(2). “Substantial evidence review presents

a question of law.” Tex. Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. Fecci, 989 S.W.2d 135, 139 (Tex.

App.—San Antonio 1999, pet. denied) (citing Firemen’s & Policemen’s Civil Serv.

Comm’n v. Brinkmeyer, 662 S.W.2d 953, 956 (Tex. 1984)). This Court reviews

the trial court’s conclusion de novo. Id. (citing In re Humphreys, 880 S.W.2d 402,

404 (Tex. 1994)).    This Court “shall reverse or remand the case for further

proceedings if the substantial rights of the appellant have been prejudiced because

the administrative findings, inferences, conclusions, or decisions are” affected by

error of law, not reasonably supported by substantial evidence considering the

reliable and probative evidence in the record as a whole, or arbitrary or capricious

or characterized by abuse of discretion or clearly unwarranted exercise of

discretion. Tex. Gov’t Code § 2001.174(2)(D), (E), and (F). This Court should

“review the evidence as a whole to determine if it is such that reasonable minds

could have reached the same conclusion as the agency[.]”          Citizens Against

Landfill Location v. Tex. Comm’n on Envtl. Quality, 169 S.W.3d 258, 264 (Tex.

App.—Austin 2005, pet. denied). Under the substantial evidence rule, this Court

should review legal determinations by the Administrative Law Judge de novo and

                                         8
review any findings of fact for support by substantial evidence. Martin v. Tex.

Dep’t of Pub. Safety, 964 S.W.2d 772, 774 (Tex. App.—Austin 1998, no pet.).

                          SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
      The HHSC’s finding of “reportable conduct,” which forms the basis for its

permanent ban, requires finding both neglect and causation, both of which are

unsupported by the record evidence and the proper application of law.

      Point of Error 1. The HHSC erred in finding that Ms. Mosley committed

“neglect” because the record does not contain substantial evidence to support the

finding of negligence, a required component of neglect. Neglect is defined as a

negligent act or omission, thereby incorporating the standard of a reasonably

prudent person and the need for any injury to be foreseeable to such a reasonable

person under the facts and circumstances at the time.

      Ms. Mosley was left by her employer to care for AW without any help

whatsoever for nearly seven hours.       Given these circumstances, acting as a

reasonably prudent person, it was impossible for Ms. Mosley to maintain one-to-

one arm’s-length supervision. No reasonable mind could conclude otherwise. The

HHSC Final Order does not properly apply a negligence test, instead the Final

Order penalizes Ms. Mosley for failing to do the impossible: monitor a consumer

within arm’s length for hours without any support.

                                         9
      Additionally, HHSC’s record evidence fails to establish that Ms. Mosley

knew or should have known that AW would exploit a moment out of arm’s reach

to engage in self-harming behavior in a surreptitious, non-obvious manner, without

any advance symptoms or indication of distress. Although AW received one-to-

one supervision for self-harming behavior, the Behavior Support Plan and Person-

Directed Plan indicate that her self-harming behavior would reasonably “correlate”

with indicia that were wholly absent on February 14, 2014, and the documented

days beforehand. Thus, what a reasonably prudent person, such as Ms. Mosley,

would have anticipated based on the record evidence does not support a finding of

foreseeability and therefore negligence and neglect. Finding of Fact 8 is not

supported by substantial evidence, and Conclusions of Law 9, 10, and 11 are thus

made by error of law and are arbitrary and capricious.

      Point of Error 2. The HHSC erred in finding that Ms. Mosley committed

neglect because the HHSC failed to make any finding as to the time AW spent out

of arm’s length, an essential fact for any assessment of foreseeability. The HHSC

equated the momentary distraction from arm’s-length supervision to “neglect,”

based on any divergence from the treatment plan—not based on a review of the

reasonableness of Ms. Mosley’s actions against the actual surrounding facts and

circumstances. Absent credible record evidence on this key fact—duration—the

HHSC’s finding of foreseeability lacks foundation in substantial record evidence.

                                        10
To hold that any period out of arm’s reach constitutes neglect ignores the plain and

binding definition of “neglect” as negligence and transforms the standard into a

strict liability regime. Finding of Fact 8 is not supported by substantial evidence,

and Conclusions of Law 9, 10, and 11 are thus made by error of law and are

arbitrary and capricious.

      Point of Error 3. The HHSC erred in finding that Ms. Mosley “caused or

may have caused AW risk of harm,” which is a required element of “reportable

conduct.” Foreseeability comprises an essential element of proximate cause and is

wholly lacking in this case. Therefore, Ms. Mosley’s momentary distraction from

arm’s-length supervision cannot properly be deemed the cause of harm.           No

findings were made that Doubletree had an “appropriate” treatment plan to begin

with. This, coupled with Doubletree’s failure to fully train Ms. Mosley before

staffing her in a highly unusual circumstance—alone with AW in a home with

ready access to remote controls with batteries, caused Ms. Mosley to face the

unforeseeable risks of AW’s conduct. In addition, there are no findings that AW

could not or did not secure or swallow the batteries while in arm’s length; thus it

cannot be determined that Ms. Mosley’s momentary distraction was the cause in

fact of the harm to AW.         Finding of Fact 8 is not supported by substantial

evidence, and Conclusions of Law 9, 10, and 11 are thus made by error of law and

are arbitrary and capricious.

                                         11
                                    ARGUMENT

I.    Background on group homes and the Employee Misconduct Registry

      AW was placed with Doubletree at a home- and community-based services

(“HCS”) facility. An HCS facility is a “person or an agency exempt from licensure

under § 142.003(a)(19), Health and Safety Code, that provides home and

community-based services to persons with intellectual disabilities and related

conditions.”   40 Tex. Admin. Code § 711.1402(12) (2015); see also id. §

9.153(24). The HCS program provides individualized services and support in

people’s own homes or in other community settings, such as small group homes

where no more than four people live. Fact Sheet: Home and Community-based

Services,   TEXAS    DEPARTMENT       OF    AGING    AND    DISABILITY    SERVICES,

https://www.dads.state.tx.us/services/faqs-fact/hcs.html (last visited Sept. 20,

2016). Consistent with the nationwide move toward deinstitutionalization of, or

care in the least restrictive environment for, the disabled and mentally ill, Texas

has seen “rapid growth of adult day care facilities, intermediate care facilities for

the mentally retarded and personal care homes,” including such HCS facilities.

Sen. Research Ctr., Bill Analysis, Tex. S.B. 967, 76th Leg., R.S. (1999); see also

Neil S. Butler, “In the Most Appropriate Setting”: The Rights of Mentally

Disabled Individuals Under the Americans with Disabilities Act in the Wake of

Olmstead v. L.C., 49 Cath. U.L. Rev. 1021, 1024 (2000) (describing gradual

                                           12
decline in the systematic isolation of mentally ill individuals from the rest of the

population through deinstitutionalization and additional changes under the

Americans with Disabilities Act). A major driver of deinstitutionalization was

increased awareness of the abhorrent conditions and extensive histories of abuse

and neglect often found in large institutions. See, e.g., S. REP. NO. 99-109, at 8

(1985), reprinted in 1986 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1361, 1368 (“While developmentally

disabled, mentally retarded and mentally ill individuals often have very different

client service needs, the types of abuse and neglect to which these groups are

subjected in treatment facilities may be very similar, particularly in such areas as

overuse or misuse of restraints and seclusion, inappropriate use of medication, and

the lack of implementation of treatment plans.”).

      With the proliferation of services provided in smaller settings, the EMR was

established in 1999 under Texas Health and Safety Code section 253.007. The

Texas Legislature created this mechanism to track findings of “reportable conduct”

by “uncredentialed employees providing ‘nurse aide-like’ direct care services” at

long-term care facilities, similar to one function of the nurse aide registry. Sen.

Research Ctr., Bill Analysis, Tex. S.B. 967, 76th Leg., R.S. (1999). Chapter 48 of

the Human Resources Code and the implementing regulations in 40 Texas

Administrative Code chapter 711 provide the substantive standards and procedures

by which to evaluate whether to place a particular worker on the EMR. Tex. Hum.

                                        13
Res. Code ch. 48, subchapter I; Tex. Health & Safety Code § 253.0075. Placement

on the EMR results in a permanent ban from employment in DADS-regulated

facilities. See Tex. Health & Safety Code ch. 253 (creating EMR with no time

limit or ability to take corrective action). These statutory and regulatory provisions

support the laudable functions of investigating allegations of abuse, neglect, or

exploitation of the elderly and disabled and providing protective services, as

necessary. Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.001. The EMR, thus, forms one part of a

system designed to protect consumers in deinstitutionalized settings. Its purpose is

not to punish employees but to better the care for consumers—a goal undermined

if the EMR is not used with sufficient caution so that it creates unnecessary

turnover in the direct-care field. Cf. Home Care Assoc. of Am. v. Weil, 799 F.3d
1084, 1093, 1096 (D.C. Cir. 2015) (observing that in electing to expand the

minimum wage to this class of workers, the Department of Labor found that

“stabilizing the direct care workforce will result in better qualified employees,

lower turnover, and a higher quality of care”) (citing Application of the Fair Labor

Standards Act to Domestic Service, 78 Fed. Reg. 60,454, 60,459-60 (Oct. 1,

2013)).

                                         14
II.    “Reportable conduct” is a defined term that requires “a negligent act or
       omission” and consideration of circumstances, ordinary prudence, and
       the reasonableness of the worker’s conduct in light of foreseeable risks.

       The lifetime ban of the EMR requires a finding that the employee committed

“reportable conduct.” Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.403. By statute, “reportable

conduct” includes “abuse or neglect that causes or may cause death or harm to an

individual receiving agency services.” Id. § 48.401(5)(A).

       The statute requires DFPS to adopt a definition of “neglect.”                          Id.

§§ 48.251(b), .402. Pursuant to DFPS’s regulation applicable to this case, the

relevant definition of “neglect” is:

               a negligent act or omission by any individual responsible
               for providing services to a person served, which caused
               or may have caused physical or emotional injury or death
               to a person served or which placed a person served at risk
               of physical or emotional injury or death.

40 Tex. Admin. Code § 711.1406(3) (2015) (emphasis added).4

       Negligence means the doing of something that a person of ordinary prudence

would not have done, or the failure to do something that a person of ordinary

prudence would have done, under the same or similar circumstances. Thompson v.

Gibson, 298 S.W.2d 97, 105 (Tex. 1957), rev’d on other grounds, Gibson v.

Thompson, 355 U.S. 18 (1957). The “person of ordinary prudence” standard is a

4
  DFPS’s regulations were amended after Ms. Mosley’s administrative appeal of the HHSC’s
Final Order. The older versions of DFPS’s regulations, as they existed at the time of the incident
with AW, apply to this case. The applicable, relevant regulations from title 40, chapter 711 of
the Texas Administrative Code are provided in the Appendix to this brief.

                                               15
traditional reasonable-person standard based on the knowledge and skills of an

ordinary person and only that superior knowledge or skill that the actor actually

has. Jackson v. Axelrad, 221 S.W.3d 650, 655-56 (Tex. 2007). By incorporating

negligence into the definition of neglect, the circumstances surrounding, and the

reasonableness of, the employee’s conduct are—on the very face of the

regulation—integrated into the consideration of whether to impose the EMR’s

lifetime employment ban.

       The DFPS’s rule defining “neglect” cross-references the “[e]xamples of

neglect” listed in 40 Administrative Code section 711.19(1)-(3). 40 Tex. Admin.

Code § 711.1406(3) (2015). According to section 711.19, neglect includes, but is

not limited to, the failure to:

              (1) establish or carry out an appropriate individual
              program plan or treatment plan for a person served, if
              such failure results in a specific incident or allegation
              involving a person served;

              (2) provide adequate nutrition, clothing, or health care
              to a specific person served in a residential or inpatient
              program; or

              (3) provide a safe environment for a specific person
              served, including the failure to maintain adequate
              numbers of appropriately trained staff, if such failure
              results in a specific incident or allegation involving a
              person served.

40 Tex. Admin. Code § 711.19 (2015). This DFPS definition expressly adopted, in

substance, the federal definition under the Protection and Advocacy for Individuals

                                         16
with Mental Illness Act (“PAIMI”).5 20 Tex. Reg. 3830, 3831 (May 23, 1995)

(adopting PAIMI definition at former 25 Tex. Admin. Code § 404.4, which aligns

with current 40 Tex. Admin. Code §§ 711.19, 711.1406). The PAIMI definition of

neglect was developed following an extensive investigation of large state

institutions to address the congressional findings that “individuals with mental

illness are subject to neglect, including lack of treatment, adequate nutrition,

clothing, health care, and adequate discharge planning.” 42 U.S.C. § 10801(a)(3).

The focus of the federal legislation, like the Texas program, is not to penalize

unsuspecting workers, but to protect the mentally disabled, given a history of

egregious wrongs too easily hidden from view. See S. REP. NO. 99-109, at 4

(1985), reprinted in 1986 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1361, 1364.

III.   Point of Error 1. The HHSC erred in finding that Ms. Mosley
       committed “neglect” because the record does not contain substantial
       evidence to support the finding of negligence, a required component of
       neglect.

       The HHSC conclusion that Ms. Mosley committed neglect is based

primarily on the alleged fact that Ms. Mosley failed to maintain one-to-one

supervision within arm’s-length distance of AW. AR 1:0035 (Final Order, COL

9). However, given the circumstances in which Ms. Mosley cared for AW on that

day, it was impossible for Ms. Mosley to maintain one-to-one arm’s-length

5
 This Act was formerly known as the Protection and Advocacy for Mentally Ill Individuals Act.
See H.R. REP. NO. 99-576, at 15 (1986), reprinted in 1986 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1377.

                                             17
supervision. No reasonable mind could conclude otherwise. Because neglect

requires “a negligent act or omission,” 40 Tex. Admin. Code § 711.1406(a)(3)

(2015), and negligence requires consideration of the circumstances, Thompson at

105, the impossibility of maintaining one-to-one arm’s-length supervision means

that Ms. Mosley’s conduct did not constitute “neglect.”

      Additionally, the negligence test employs a traditional reasonable-person

standard that focuses on the knowledge and skills of an ordinary person and only

that superior knowledge that the actor actually has. Jackson at 655-56. AW’s

treatment plans uniformly indicate that AW would exhibit warning signs or

symptoms before any attempt to harm herself. But AW did not exhibit warning

signs prior to swallowing the batteries. Thus, leading up to the incident, Ms.

Mosley reasonably did not know that AW might harm herself, and, without

knowledge or reason to know of AW’s increased likelihood of self-harm at that

time, Ms. Mosley’s momentary distraction from AW is not negligence.

      A. Ms. Mosley did not commit negligence because it was impossible to
         maintain one-to-one supervision within arm’s-length distance, when
         staffed alone with AW for nearly seven hours.

      The HHSC Final Order acknowledges that Ms. Mosley was assigned a

14-hour shift (“from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.”), AR 1:0033 (Final Order, FOF 4),

and that no other persons besides Ms. Mosley and AW were present in the home at

the supposed time that AW swallowed two AA batteries. AR 1:0032. Further,

                                        18
HHSC’s administrative record contains uncontroverted evidence that Ms. Mosley

was the only employee staffed by Doubletree to care for AW at the H** Home

between 8:30 a.m. and approximately 3:15 p.m., a period of nearly seven hours.

AR 1:0061, 0070.

      It is unreasonable and defies common sense to imagine that an ordinary

person is capable of maintaining arm’s-length supervision of any other person for a

period of nearly seven hours. For starters, what could an ordinary caretaker—like

Ms. Mosley—do if she needed to use the restroom? It is apparent from the record

that the HHSC Final Order holds Ms. Mosley to a superhuman standard that

requires elimination of ordinary necessities such as restroom breaks.

      Testimony at the HHSC hearing from one of Ms. Mosley’s coworkers

highlights the absurdity of requiring Ms. Mosley to care for AW without any help

for so long. DFPS’s attorney asked Ms. Mosley’s coworker, Desiree Garcia, about

what would happen if a caregiver needed a short break while the caregiver was

assigned to a one-on-one client like AW:

      [DFPS’s attorney:]     Can you call for someone to give you relief if
                             you need someone to come to the house?
      [Coworker DG:]         You need the restroom or something.
      [DFPS’s attorney:]     Yeah, so someone comes over? Is it close to
                             your other locations or what? I get the sense
                             people can just come right over.
      [Coworker DG:]         No, because in that -- H[** Home] is three
                             clients. A.W.’s a one-to-one; the other girls,
                             they’re not. But there’s a staff with them.

                                        19
      [DFPS’s attorney:]   But if I -- I guess I’m not making it clear.
                           She’s there by herself, the other staff are gone.
                           If she needs to go to the bathroom or
                           something, what does she do, Ms. Mosley, in
                           that situation, or any caregiver? If you need to
                           be spelled, if you need relief? -- I mean you’ve
                           got a long shift; you must get a lunch break.
      [Coworker DG:]       Right.
      [DFPS’s attorney:]   So someone comes over from the main office or
                           something? What do they do?
      [Coworker DG:]       There should be a staff there.
      [DFPS’s attorney:]   There should be a staff there. And if there’s
                           not, what do you do, you just call someone?
                           Has it ever happened to you?
      [Coworker DG:]       No, there’s -- I mean there’s always going to
                           be a staff with you there at times.
      [DFPS’s attorney:]   Uh-huh.
      [Coworker DG:]       Yeah.
      [DFPS’s attorney:]   Okay. So that there might be short periods
                           of time where you’re alone, but not for very
                           long?
      [Coworker DG:]       No.
      [DFPS’s attorney:]   Okay. So you get enough time to go to the
                           bathroom or whatever you want to do --
      [Coworker DG:]       Right, right.
      [DFPS’s attorney:]   -- and someone else watches the client while
                           you --
      [Coworker DG:]       Correct.
      [DFPS’s attorney:]   -- take a break.
      [Coworker DG:]       Correct.

AR 2:162(13-25)-163(1-15) (emphasis added).

      This testimony illustrates that DFPS’s counsel recognized the importance of

the circumstances in which Ms. Mosley found herself caring for AW. Indeed, the

legal standard—negligence—takes those circumstances into account. However,

the HHSC Final Order strikingly ignores this obvious fact that caregivers need

                                       20
backup support to provide one-on-one supervision for long periods of time. As

Ms. Mosley’s coworker, Ms. Garcia, stated, “There should be a staff there.” AR

2:163(7).   Yes, there should be staff there, but it is uncontroverted on this

administrative record that there was not staff there to assist Ms. Mosley. Ms.

Mosley was left alone with AW for almost seven hours.                   Under those

circumstances, it was impossible for Ms. Mosley, at all times, to maintain

one-to-one arm’s-length supervision.

      B. Given the absence of symptoms or threats in the days and hours
         beforehand, AW’s secretive conduct at the time of the incident was
         not foreseeable, and therefore Ms. Mosley’s conduct did not
         constitute neglect.

      Even where a special relationship supports a duty to guard against another’s

behavior, “[i]t is well settled that even though injury may result from a person’s act

or omission, the actor is not to be held responsible if he could not have reasonably

foreseen the resultant injury, or injuries similar in character.” Thompson, 298
S.W.2d at 105; see Tex. Home Mgmt., Inc. v. Peavy, 89 S.W.3d 30, 39 (Tex. 2002)

(finding material issues of fact on foreseeability, precluding summary judgment

where intermediate care facility allowed consumer a home visit during which

consumer committed a crime). While the general character of the injury, not the

exact sequence of events that produced the harm, must be foreseeable, El Chico

                                         21
Corp. v. Poole, 732 S.W.2d 306, 313 (Tex. 1987),6 the “standard to test the

question of negligence vel non is the common experience of mankind,” and the

relevant analysis is of the prudence expected “to prevent injury under the

circumstances of the particular case.” Great Atl. & Pac. Tea Co. v. Evans, 175
S.W.2d 249, 251 (Tex. 1943) (emphasis added). Texas courts recognize that

“foreseeability is not determined by hindsight, but by what the defendant knew or

should have known when the incident occurred.” Dyess v. Harris, 321 S.W.3d 9,

15 (Tex. App.—Houston             2009, pet. denied) (citing Timberwalk Apartments,

Partners, Inc. v. Cain, 972 S.W.2d 749, 757 (Tex. 1998)).

       In evaluating the foreseeability of the most extreme kind of self-harm,

suicide, Texas courts look at immediately preceding circumstances and facts to

determine whether a person of “ordinary intelligence” had notice and should have

anticipated the risk and general consequences of his or her actions. Perez v. Lopez,

74 S.W.3d 60, 68-69 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2002, no pet.) (finding no evidence that

a minor who had locksmiths remove a trigger lock said or did anything to put the

locksmiths on notice of his suicidal intent). Similarly, “in determining whether

criminal conduct was foreseeable” in premises-liability cases, the court examines

the circumstances leading up to the act, looking at criminal conduct in light of five

6
  Because, under Texas law, “[t]he ‘foreseeability’ analysis is the same for both duty and
proximate cause,” this brief cites cases discussing foreseeability in the context of both duty and
causation. Del Lago Partners, Inc. v. Smith, 307 S.W.3d 762, 774 (Tex. 2010) (quoting Mellon
Mortg. Co. v. Holder, 5 S.W.3d 654, 659 (Tex. 1999)).

                                               22
“factors—proximity, recency, frequency, similarity, and publicity.” Timberwalk

Apartments, 972 S.W.2d at 759; see also Del Lago Partners, 307 S.W.3d at 774.

These factors are relevant to evaluating the foreseeability of the need to guard

against another party’s harmful actions in a particular circumstance—in this case,

AW’s actions.

              1.    Ms. Mosley’s prudence was required to be that of an
                    ordinary worker in a field requiring only basic skills and
                    training.

        Armed with neither specialized training nor sufficient experience, Ms.

Mosley exercised “reasonable care” to provide AW with services. Torrington Co.

v. Stutzman, 46 S.W.3d 829, 837 (Tex. 2000) (“[W]e have recognized that a duty

to use reasonable care may arise when a person undertakes to provide services to

another, either gratuitously or for compensation.” (citing RESTATEMENT (SECOND)

OF   TORTS §§ 323, 324A (1965))). In all cases, “the traditional reasonable-person

standard” must be interpreted “as one taking into account both the knowledge and

skills of an ordinary person and ‘such superior attention, perception, memory,

knowledge, intelligence, and judgment as the actor himself has.’” Jackson, 221
S.W.3d at 656 (Tex. 2007) (quoting RESTATEMENT (SECOND)            OF   TORTS § 289

(1965)) (second emphasis added).       For instance, even a physician held to a

“physician-of-ordinary-prudence standard” is subject to “not a higher standard of

care (like strict liability, or the high-degree-of-care standard for common carriers)

                                         23
or a lower standard of care (like gross negligence, or the willful-and-wanton

standard for emergency care). It is instead the ordinary-care standard, modified to

instruct jurors that ‘under the same or similar circumstances’ means they must

consider a physician’s training.” Id. at 655 (footnotes omitted).

      HCS facility workers are not credentialed in any way and are generally low-

paid members of the workforce. See Home Care Assoc., 799 F.3d at 1094-95

(upholding Department of Labor rule extending minimum wage and overtime

protections to home-care workers due to transformation of industry in connection

with shift away from institutional care); Sen. Research Ctr., Bill Analysis, Tex.

S.B. 967, 76th Leg., R.S. (1999). This class of workers does not consist of highly

trained professionals, but rather hard-working employees with limited skills and

training. The ordinary prudence standard, as applied to the facts of the particular

circumstance, therefore governs HCS facility workers’ conduct.

             2.    AW’s Treatment Plans do not convey to the ordinary
                   worker that AW would surreptitiously engage in self-harm
                   without warning.

      A reasonable HCS worker relies upon the information in the Behavior

Support Plan, Person-Directed Plan, and Implementation Plan (collectively, the

“Treatment Plans”) for insight on a consumer’s needs. AW’s Treatment Plans

established a pattern of anticipated symptoms and behaviors expected prior to self-

harming behavior. Not only do the Treatment Plans fail to clearly indicate to the

                                         24
reasonable, ordinary reader that self-harming behavior would occur without

warning, the Behavior Support Plan says just the opposite.

      AW’s Behavior Support Plan clearly identifies and “monitors three target

behaviors: self-harm, suicidal behavior, and aggression; and one symptom: hearing

voices.” AR 1:0125. The plan goes on to state that the consumer exhibits warning

signs or symptoms before engaging in those behaviors, specifically: “[d]angerous

behavior correlates with reports she is hearing voices and subsequent threats to

harm herself.” AR 1:0146. The “Baseline” behavior description focuses on AW

“making threats to harm herself,” “threatening staff,” and “threatening to kill

herself.” AR 1:0145.

      Further, AW’s Person-Directed Plan dated December 2, 2013, indicates AW

exhibits the “symptom” of “hearing voices.” AR 1:0125 (Person-Directed Plan).

AW’s “Person-Directed Plan” also states AW was “doing a good job of being

safe,” and that AW “will turn to staff for comfort when she gets upset,” not that

she will withdraw. AR 1:0125. In addition, AW’s Person-Directed Plan provides

a field in which to “[i]dentify any needs, requests or considerations specific to this

service that are necessary for the staff to know when supporting the individual in

achieving his/her outcomes.”       AR 1:0124-0130.        Absolutely no additional

information—such the need to guard against surreptitious behavior—was noted in

that field. AR 1:0124-0130. The Implementation Plan, specific to and labeled as a

                                         25
page relevant to AW’s participation in Day Habitation, indicates that during AW’s

participation in “an activity of choice,” the one-to-one supervisor “will ensure that

[AW] does not pick up any items that she can use to cause damage to herself.”

AR 1:0137. There is no similar text on her Implementation Plan for “Behavioral

Support,” AR 1:0134, the relevant plan for a worker, like Ms. Mosley, assigned

specifically to provide services in the home.

      The Treatment Plans thus do not convey that AW would engage in secretive,

opportunistic self-harming behavior. Cf. Timberwalk Apartments, 972 S.W.2d at

758-59 (stating that unpublicized, unreported criminal activity on premises is not

evidence of foreseeability). In fact, the Treatment Plans lead an ordinary person to

believe that, before the correlating harmful behavior is likely to occur, AW will

exhibit precursor behaviors—she will make threats, report symptoms, and reach

out to staff for comfort. AW did not do so on February 14th prior to the incident,

and the record contains no evidence that AW had done so in the days leading up to

the incident.

                3.   Ms. Mosley’s personal observations and experience at the
                     H** Home did not suggest AW would behave subtly,
                     secretively, or without warning.

      Even though AW had a Behavior Support Plan and “a bunch” of other plans,

Ms. Mosley never received training on this consumer’s “individual needs” prior to

working with her one-to-one, alone, on February 14, 2014.              AR 2:127(9),

                                         26
2:126(25).   Theresa Faller-Gerrenhaw, the Director and owner of Doubletree,

conceded that Ms. Mosley had not received training on caring for AW specifically:

“[T]he care plan probably would have been—probably with—[Ms. Mosley] should

have had a nurse go out and train on individual needs and the meds and things like

that . . . I’m not sure—she had been there not very long, and I’m not sure whether

she had actually been trained by JK at this point.” AR 2:126(23)-127(6). Ms.

Mosley had never worked alone with this consumer one-to-one prior to the day of

the incident. AR 2:30(1-11). And she certainly had never spent time with this

consumer without the benefit of other caregivers in the house. AR 2:30(9). To the

extent Ms. Mosley had worked one-to-one with any consumers, it had been with

non-verbal and/or low-functioning and mobility-impaired individuals. AR 2:37(5-

7), 2:232(8-11).

      Ms. Mosley’s limited direct experience nevertheless apprised her of some

aspects of AW’s behavior and general care.        For example, in Ms. Mosley’s

experience, AW cursed when upset. AR 2:84(16-17). Ms. Mosley also observed

that other H** Home workers allowed AW some privacy in the bathroom,

permitting her to go in alone with the door cracked, as long as the worker could see

AW’s back. AR 2:160-61(22-16) (Garcia testimony). Ms. Mosley also knew that

AW handled knives while cooking. AR 2:34(23)-35(6), 2:43(6-10). During the

time Ms. Mosley worked at the H** Home, AW had not demonstrated any self-

                                        27
harming or suicidal behaviors—demonstrating a lack of recency of AW’s target

behaviors. AR 2:83 (21-25), 2:157(21)-58(7). Cf. Timberwalk Apartments, 972
S.W.2d at 757–58 (“Foreseeability also depends on how recently and how often

criminal activity has occurred in the past.”).

      Ms. Mosley’s limited frame of reference stands in stark contrast to the

experiential knowledge of others exhibited in the record. For example, Desiree

Garcia testified that AW “sounded sad” or “[n]ot her normal self” immediately

before the incident—an assertion Ms. Garcia did not share with Ms. Mosley on the

phone that day. AR 2:153(14-19). But Ms. Garcia could tell so only, in her words,

“[b]ecause I’ve worked with A.W. for a while.” AR 2:157(3) (Garcia testimony).

Similarly, Theresa Faller-Gerrenhaw knew that AW “will suck you in and try to be

your friend, and when your guard is down, boom, that’s when she does it.”

AR 2:137(15-16).      And K.W. [name redacted], the Registered Nurse for

Doubletree since 1994, knew “it would be easy to be lulled into false security or to

have difficulty maintaining professional boundaries because [AW] is very high

functioning.” AR 1:0100.

      Ms. Mosley knew none of this. Her minimal training and AW-specific

experience left her without any “superior attention, perception, memory,

knowledge, intelligence, and judgment” applicable to the incident with AW. See

Jackson, 221 S.W.3d at 655-56. In fact, her experience told her that AW was to be

                                          28
given at least some privacy and trust. Ms. Mosley is thus held only to the standard

of care of a reasonably prudent person, equipped with the information in the

Treatment Plans.

            4.     Symptoms that correlate with AW’s dangerous behaviors
                   were wholly absent in the days and hours prior to the
                   February 14, 2014, incident.

      Based on the record evidence, Ms. Mosley had neither notice nor reason to

foresee that AW might act secretively to obtain implements of self-harm, without

exhibiting symptoms. Certainly, this consumer received one-to-one supervision

for target behaviors, including self-harm. However, because “the danger of injury

is foreseeable” only when the “injury might reasonably have been contemplated as

a result of the defendant’s conduct,” the court must ask whether “a person of

ordinary intelligence should have anticipated the danger created by a negligent act

or omission.” Perez, 74 S.W.3d at 68 (quotation marks and ellipses omitted). For

instance, a Texas court held locksmiths who removed a rifle trigger lock upon a

minor’s request were not liable for the minor’s subsequent suicide because “there

[was] no evidence that [the minor] said or did anything to put [the locksmiths] on

notice of his intent to commit suicide,” and thus “evidence established that it was

not foreseeable.” Id. at 68. Similarly, in a Nebraska case, one patient’s assault of

another at a Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (“DHHS”)

facility was found unforeseeable. Ehlers v. State, 756 N.W.2d 152, 156-57 (Neb.

                                        29
2008). The court found no evidence from which to reasonably conclude that the

Nebraska DHHS employee “saw or heard something which would have alerted

him to the impending assault in time to prevent it.” Id. at 157 (holding that actual

identification of or affidavit from employee alleged to have witnessed agitated

behavior by assailant before incident was required to impose liability).

      Here, all record evidence shows AW’s clandestine behavior was

unforeseeable. While this consumer possessed a history of self-harm and suicidal

ideations, on that day and in the days and hours leading up to the incident, the

record shows that the consumer exhibited none of the behaviors that would have

alerted Ms. Mosley to a reasonable likelihood of an imminent attempt in any

available moment. According to AW’s case manager, Josie Vargas, “[AW] will go

several months without any incidents of suicidal ideations.”               AR 1:0053.

Similarly, according to Desiree Garcia (who more regularly worked with AW), AW

exhibited “no behaviors” in the weeks immediately beforehand—weighing against

the notion that AW’s self-harm incidents could be expected to occur frequently.

AR 1:0053 (Investigative Report), 2:157(21)-158(7); cf. Timberwalk Apartments,
972 S.W.2d at 758 (stating that occurrence of only a few crimes “over an extended

time period[] negates the foreseeability element”).

      On that day, and in all previous days documented in the record, the

consumer exhibited no symptoms that correlated with her harmful behavior. See

                                         30
AR 1:0145 (BSP). The record contains no evidence that AW reported hearing

voices on the day of the incident or on any previous day in the record. See

AR 1:0151-0156 (Service Delivery Logs). The record contains no evidence that

AW threatened to harm herself on the day of the incident or on any previous day in

the record. See AR 1:0151-0156 (Service Delivery Logs). Per the Behavior

Support Plan, staff would have “provided daily documentation on all target

behaviors” if they had been occurring. AR 1:0148. The record contains no

evidence that AW sought comfort from Ms. Mosley or from Ms. Garcia on the

phone or from any other worker who arrived in the afternoon, until she revealed

her actions to the visiting nurse in the evening.        AR 1:0060 (AW declined

additional conversation with Ms. Garcia when offered).

      Because AW had been mildly ill with a stomach bug and rash in the days

leading up to February 14, 2014, AW’s conditions were discussed with the nurses,

AW visited with a nurse, and AW visited a doctor. AR 1:0152, 1:0154-0156.

Nothing in the record indicates that any of these medical professionals documented

any target or suspicious behaviors. Ms. Mosley’s experience caring for other

patients at the house had also demonstrated to her that “normally when AW get[s]

mad, she start[s] cursing.” AR 2:84(16-17). There is no record evidence that AW

had been cursing prior to the incident. Nor was there any record evidence of AW

crying. See AR 2:122(4-7) (describing historical pattern of “a lot of crying” when

                                       31
depressed). Ms. Mosley had no indication AW was upset. AR 1:0061 (“She didn’t

seem upset at all.”).

      In short, based on the record evidence, nothing Ms. Mosley actually knew

from her experience or could have known from AW’s Treatment Plans suggested

that this consumer would engage in her self-harm asymptomatically, without prior

warning. The only way a caregiver could learn the consumer’s surreptitious nature

was through extended experience with the consumer or training on matters beyond

AW’s Treatment Plans. Ms. Mosley had neither.

      Therefore, looking prospectively from the time immediately before the

incident, a “person of ordinary intelligence,” like Ms. Mosley, could not have

foreseen that AW would attempt self-harm during the momentary period AW was

out of arm’s reach. Indeed, the facts here—a momentary distraction from arm’s-

length supervision of an asymptomatic consumer in a group home—stand in sharp

contrast, for example, to a case in which a hospital was held liable for the suicide

of a patient being treated for anxiety after a hospital employee provided the patient

with a razor and left him unsupervised for three hours. See Rio Grande Reg’l

Hosp., Inc. v. Villarreal, 329 S.W.3d 594, 615-16 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi

2010, pet. granted, judgm’t vacated w.r.m.). The evidence in this case, for this

consumer, fails to support finding this injury on this day to be foreseeable. See Del

Lago, 307 S.W.3d at 777 (finding bar owner liable for failing to guard against

                                         32
barroom brawl that built for 90 minutes while servers continued to provide alcohol,

noting that “on this record this sequence of conduct on this night in this bar

[Defendant] could foretell this brawl”).     Because agency decisions must be

supported by substantial evidence in the record, the dearth of evidence on any

advance indications of distress or symptoms and the absence of instructions in the

Treatment Plans on surreptitious behavior in the home reveals the defect in the

finding of foreseeability, see AR 1:0033 (Final Order, FOF 8), and therefore, the

erroneous and arbitrary and capricious nature of Conclusions of Law 9, 10, and 11.

See Tex. Gov’t Code § 2001.174(D),(E),(F).

IV.   Point of Error 2. The HHSC erroneously applied a strict liability
      standard given lack of substantial evidence on duration out of arm’s
      length.

      A.    The record lacks substantial evidence regarding the actual
            duration that AW was out of arm’s length, an essential underlying
            fact for foreseeability and the conclusion that neglect occurred.

      The HHSC made no finding as to the amount of time AW was out of arm’s-

length supervision. See AR 1:0033-0034 (Final Order, FOF 1-16). The HHSC

explained that the record evidence did not establish that Ms. Mosley left AW alone

in the house but only that Ms. Mosley “did not maintain arm’s length distance

while [Ms. Mosley] was on the phone with Ms. Garcia.” AR 1:0032 (Final Order,

Analysis at p. 4). Accordingly, the finding of fact the HHSC made is that:

                                        33
             [Ms. Mosley] took the phone from AW and talked to Ms.
             Garcia for at least five or six minutes. While [Ms.
             Mosley] was on the phone, AW walked away.

AR 1:0033 (Final Order, FOF 5).

      As the fact-finder, HHSC “is the sole judge of the weight to be accorded the

testimony of each witness,” Lamb Cty. Elec. Co-op., Inc. v. Pub. Util. Comm’n of

Tex., 269 S.W.3d 260, 272 (Tex. App.—Austin 2008, pet. denied), and HHSC

determines the duration of the call, based on the testimony. While a reviewing

court looks at substantial evidence “in view of the reliable and probative evidence

in the record as a whole,” it “is prohibited from substituting its judgment for that of

the agency as to the weight of the evidence on questions committed to agency

discretion.” Tex. Health Facilities Comm’n v. Charter Medical-Dallas, Inc., 665
S.W.2d 446, 452 (Tex. 1984); see Tex. Gov’t Code § 2001.174.

      The HHSC’s finding on the duration of the call does not address the amount

of time AW was left alone. The total absence of a finding on this essential

underlying fact is due to the HHSC’s decisions regarding the credibility of the

evidence.   The HHSC weighed testimony from numerous witnesses regarding

AW’s statements, see AR 2:182(18-20), 2:217(22)-220(10), reviewed AW’s

unsworn statements, see AR 1:0051-0052, 1:0059, and also weighed Ms. Mosley’s

sworn testimony. See, e.g., AR 2:23. Without credible evidence to determine how

long AW was left alone, however, the HHSC could not determine whether Ms.

                                          34
Mosley acted reasonably, in light of her limited experience with AW, and whether

she could have foreseen, based on the information available to her, that AW would

have acted as she did. Because the record lacks credible evidence, after weighing

testimonial evidence, the HHSC was unable to make a finding as to the duration

AW was out of arm’s length. See Cont’l Imports, Ltd. v. Brunke, 03-10-00719-

CV, 2011 WL 6938489, at *5 (Tex. App.—Austin Dec. 30, 2011, pet. denied)

(noting “a reviewing court may not sustain the agency’s decision on a factual basis

not addressed by the agency” (emphasis in original)).

      B. The HHSC thus failed to apply its own “negligence” standard,
         erroneously holding Ms. Mosley to a strict liability standard.

      Absent a finding on the time AW spent out of arm’s length, the HHSC

effectively adopted a strict liability standard under which any lapse in one-to-one

supervision constitutes “neglect,” regardless of the reasonableness of the worker’s

acts or omissions or the foreseeability of the harm under the particular facts and

circumstances. See AR 1:0033-0035 (Final Order, FOF 8 (“Petitioner’s failure to

remain within arm’s length distance of AW placed AW at a foreseeable risk of

physical injury.”); COL 9 (“Because a preponderance of the evidence showed that

on February 14, 2014, Petitioner failed to maintain one-to-one supervision within

arm’s length distance of AW—as required by AW’s treatment plan—thus enabling

AW to remove and swallow batteries, placing her at risk of physical injury such as

bowel obstruction or perforation, Petitioner committed neglect.”)).      Thus, the

                                        35
HHSC equated the momentary distraction from arm’s-length supervision to

neglect, based on a discrete divergence from the treatment plan—not based on a

review of the reasonableness of Ms. Mosley’s actions against the actual

surrounding facts and circumstances.

      HHSC uses hindsight to assert that, because the incident occurred, whatever

time AW spent out of arm’s length must have been sufficient for the incident to be

foreseeable. But Texas courts recognize that “foreseeability is not determined by

hindsight, but by what the defendant knew or should have known when the

incident occurred.” Dyess, 321 S.W.3d at 15; see also 53 Tex. Jur. 3d Negligence

§ 23 (2014) (stating “the injury must have been foreseeable by the wrongdoer at

the instant of the wrong”).

      Upholding the HHSC’s Final Order would require this Court to transform

the Texas “neglect” standard from one of negligence to one of strict liability.

While an agency receives deference in interpreting its rules, “if the [agency] has

failed to follow the clear, unambiguous language of its own regulation, [the court]

must reverse its action as arbitrary and capricious.” Pub. Util. Comm’n of Tex. v.

Gulf States Utils. Co., 809 S.W.2d 201, 207 (Tex. 1991). The plain, unambiguous

language of the regulations incorporates negligence, and therefore HHSC

misapplied its own regulations and acted arbitrarily and capriciously by applying

strict liability. See Tex. Gov’t Code § 2001.174(2)(D), (F).

                                        36
      To find reportable conduct—to ban Ms. Mosley from her livelihood working

in DADS-regulated facilities—the HHSC must evaluate whether, to an ordinary

worker, there was a foreseeable risk in the duration of time AW was out of arm’s-

length supervision, under the actual facts and circumstances leading up to the

incident. HHSC lacked sufficient evidence to make a finding on AW’s time out of

arm’s reach. Accordingly, without this essential, underlying fact, the finding of

foreseeability is not supported by substantial evidence. See AR 1:0033 (FOF 8).

Absent foreseeability, there is no negligence, no neglect, and therefore no

reportable conduct. Conclusions of Law 9, 10, and 11 are in error and arbitrary

and capricious. See Tex. Gov’t Code § 2001.174(2)(D)-(F).

V.    Point of Error 3. The HHSC erred in finding Ms. Mosley caused or
      may have caused harm.

      The HHSC erred in concluding that Ms. Mosley “caused or may have caused

AW risk of harm,” a required element of “reportable conduct.” Tex. Hum. Res.

Code § 48.401. Causation is also a necessary element of any finding of negligence

and therefore neglect. Kroger Co. v. Elwood, 197 S.W.3d 793, 794 (Tex. 2006)

(“To establish negligence, a party must establish . . . damages proximately caused

by the breach.”). Proximate cause requires both foreseeability and that the conduct

be a cause in fact of the injury. McClure v. Allied Stores of Tex., Inc., 608 S.W.2d
901, 903 (Tex. 1980).

                                        37
      As laid out in detail above, the record lacks substantial evidence and key

findings to support the foreseeability of AW’s asymptomatic and surreptitious

behavior under the particular facts and circumstances of this case. Therefore Ms.

Mosley’s momentary distraction from arm’s-length supervision was not the

proximate cause of the harm to AW.

      Ms. Mosley faced an unforeseeable risk because Doubletree staffed her on a

double shift without completing her training and without providing adequate

warning about the consumer’s behavior, in the Treatments Plans or otherwise. See

AR 2:126(23)-127(6), AR 1:0121-0149, 0169. The HHSC did not acknowledge

that, if Ms. Mosley was to be charged with “carrying out a treatment plan,” the

plan should have been “appropriate,” as specified under the Administrative Code.

See 40 Tex. Admin. Code §§ 711.19(1) (2015), 711.1406 (2015). Conclusion of

Law 7 states that “neglect includes the failure to (1) carry out an individual

program or treatment plan.” AR 1:0034. The Administrative Code, on the other

hand, provides that negligence includes failure to “establish or carry out an

appropriate individual program or treatment plan for the person served.” 40 Tex.

Admin. Code. § 711.19(1) (2015) (emphasis added). The Final Order contains no

finding that the Treatment Plans were appropriate in light of AW’s history, and

whether they were is questionable. For example, the Treatment Plans do not limit

access to remote controls or specify that batteries or other small objects must be

                                       38
secured in the house in any way, even though Doubletree knew AW’s history of

swallowing small objects, including batteries. See AR 1:0121-0149.

      Proximate cause also requires that Ms. Mosley’s conduct be the cause in

fact, meaning a substantial factor in bringing about the injury, without which the

injury would not have occurred. McClure, 608 S.W.2d at 903. The HHSC failed

to make any findings regarding whether AW could have secured or swallowed the

batteries while in arm’s length, under the conditions at the H** Home.

AR 1:0033-0034 (Final Order, FOF 1-16). These are key facts to determining

whether Ms. Mosley’s conduct necessarily contributed to AW’s harm.               No

Treatment Plan states that AW cannot turn her back to her supervising worker. See

AR 1:0121-0149. No record evidence suggests that Doubletree in any way limited

or secured remote controls, batteries, or other small objects in the house.

AR 2:68(22-25) (Mosley testimony). In one unsworn statement, AW stated that

she swallowed the batteries with water in the kitchen. AR 1:0059. Ms. Mosley

recounted that AW had a glass of water in the kitchen, while in arm’s reach,

shortly after the distracting phone call. AR 2:94(9-20) (Mosley testimony). Yet,

the HHSC, having reviewed and weighed the evidence, made no analysis of or

factual findings on these critical details. AR 1:0031-0033 (Final Order, Analysis).

                                        39
      Accordingly, the record lacks substantial evidence that Ms. Mosley was the

cause in fact or proximate cause of harm to AW. Finding of Fact 8 is unsupported,

and Conclusions of Law 9, 10, and 11 are in error and arbitrary and capricious.

                              CONCLUSION AND PRAYER
      Ms. Mosley was very concerned for AW and felt personally, emotionally

affected by this incident. AR 2:57(10-13), 2:236(21-22). But the consequences

extend even further if this Court upholds the HHSC’s flawed Final Order—Ms.

Mosley’s livelihood as a direct-care worker will be forever lost.

      Ms. Mosley respectfully requests that this Court find the HHSC acted

without substantial evidence, in error of law, and arbitrarily and capriciously and

reverse the HHSC’s Final Order. Ms. Mosley prays for such further relief to which

she may be justly entitled.

                                         40
     Respectfully submitted,

     BAKER BOTTS L.L.P.

      /s/ Kevin E. Vickers
     Kevin E. Vickers
     State Bar No. 24079517
     kevin.vickers@bakerbotts.com
     Paulina Williams
     State Bar No. 24066295
     paulina.williams@bakerbotts.com
     Samia R. Broadaway
     State Bar No. 24088322
     samia.broadaway@bakerbotts.com
     98 San Jacinto Blvd., Suite 1500
     Austin, Texas 78701-4078
     512.322.2500 (phone)
     512.322.2501 (fax)

     ATTORNEYS FOR
     PATRICIA MOSLEY

41
                         CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
      I hereby certify that this document contains 9,404 words in the portions of
the document that are subject to the word limits of Texas Rule of Appellate
Procedure 9.4(i), as measured by the undersigned’s word-processing software.

                                                  /s/ Kevin E. Vickers
                                                 Kevin E. Vickers

                           CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
      I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing document has
been served on September 28, 2016, on the following:

      Andrew Lutostanski
      State Bar No. 24072217
      andrew.lutostanski@texasattorneygeneral.gov
      Assistant Attorney General
      Office of the Attorney General of Texas
      Administrative Law Division
      P.O. Box 12548, Capitol Station
      Austin, Texas 78711-2548
      512.475.4200 (phone)
      512.320.0167 (fax)

                                                  /s/ Kevin E. Vickers
                                                 Kevin E. Vickers

                                       42
                         INDEX TO APPENDIX
Tab A   Trial Court’s Final Order (CR 260)

Tab B   HHSC Final Decision and Order (AR 1:27-36)

Tab C   Tex. Gov’t Code § 2001.174

Tab D   Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.251

Tab E   Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.401

Tab F   Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.402

Tab G   Tex. Hum. Res. Code § 48.406

Tab H   40 Tex. Admin. Code § 711.19 (2015)

Tab I   40 Tex. Admin. Code § 711.1402 (2015)

Tab J   40 Tex. Admin. Code § 711.1406 (2015)

                                  43
Tab A
                                                                                                           Filed in The District Court
                                                                                                            of Travis County, Texas

                                                                                                                  MAY 2 3 20\6           j,if-
                                                      CAUSE NO. D-1-GN-15-001024                                        /t'f 7     /3M.
                                                                                                          ~~Iva L. Price, District tlerk
          PATRICIA MOSELY,                                      §           IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF
               Plaintiff,                                       §
          v.                                                    §
                                                                §
          TEXAS HEALTH AND HUMAN                                §
          SERVICES COMMISSION and                               §           TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS
          TEXAS DEPARTMENT OFF AMIL Y                           §
          AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES,                              §
               Defendants.                                      §            201 st JUDICIAL DISTRICT

                            ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS' PLEA TO THE JURISDICTION
                                    AND AFFIRMING HHSC'S FINAL ORDER

                    Came on for consideration (1) a merits hearing on Plaintiff's appeal of the Texas Health
          and Human Services Commission's (HHSC) Final Order dated February 12, 2015 in cause No.
          14-0474-M and EMR No. 039-14 and (2) the Plea to the Jurisdiction of Defendants, the Texas
          Health and Human Services Commission and the Texas Department of Family and Protective
          Services. The Court finds that all parties appeared at the May 20, 2016 hearing through counsel
          and announced ready. After considering the same and the relevant pleadings and briefing on file
          herein, the Court is of the opinion that Defendants' Plea to the Jurisdiction should be DENIED.
          Further, the Court finds that that substantial evidence exists in support of the HHSC
          Administrative Law Judge's final order and that the final order should be AFFIRMED.
                     IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that Defendants' Plea
          to the Jurisdiction is DENIED.
                     THE COURT FURTHER FINDS that substantial evidence exists in support of the HHSC
          Final Order dated February 12, 2015 in cause No. 14-0474-M and EMR No. 039-14 and IT IS
          ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that the HHSC Final Order is in all things
          AFFIRMED.
                                                          SIGNED on the   2-~         day of May, 2016.

                                                                                    ()
                                                                           fl'l f '' ,·f ; •
                                                                           VJ~-· ......
                                                                                          0
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                                                                                               '--"'l .,,y;.._.,Jl---
                                                                                               f . ./
                                                                                                       0/        -~

                                                                DARLENE BYRNE
                                                                PRESIDING JUDGE

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
004598378                                                                                                                      ~I    260
Tab B
                                                                                    J

                   TEXAS HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES COMMISSION

                                                                                                 KYLE L. JANEK, M.D.
                                                                                                EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONER

Febmary 12, 2015

P      tMt                                          CERTIFIED MAIL- 70111150 0000 5775 2354
                                                    RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED AND BY
Austin, Texas '                                     U.S. REGULAR MAIL

RE: P       M•     vs. Texas Department of Family and Protective Services,
Cause No. 14-0474-M [DFPS # El\tiR 039-14]

Dear Ms. M

Enclosed is the Final Decision and Order (Hearing Order) in the hearing you requested in the
above-referenced matter. This Hearing Order will become final and your name will be
submitted to the Employee Misconduct Registry unless you file a timely petition for judicial
review.

Should you wish to appeal the Hearing Order, section 711.431 of the Texas Administrative
Code provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

                  (a) To request judicial review of a Hearing Order, the employee
                  [you] must file a petition for judicial review in a Travis County
                  district court, as provided by Government Code, Chapter 2001,
                  Subchapter G.
                  (b) The petition must be filed with the court no later than the 30th
                  day after the date the Hearing Order becomes final, which is the
                  date that the Hearing Order is received by the employee.
                  (c) Judicial review by the court is under the substantial evidence
                  rule, as provided by § 48.406, Human Resources Code.
                  (d) Unless citation for a petition for judicial review is served on
                  DFPS within 45 days after the date on which the Hearing Order is
                  mailed to the employee, DFPS will submit the employee's name
                  for inclusion in the Employee Misconduct Registry. If valid service

P. 0. Box 13247     •   Austin, Texas 70711   •   4900 North Lamar, Austin, Texas   78751   •   (512) 424-6500
                              /)
                              ".

              of citation is received after the employee's name has been recorded
              in the registry, DFPS will determine whether the lawsuit was
              timely filed and, if so, immediately request that the employee's
              name be removed from the registry pending the outcome of the
              judicial review.                             ·

40TEX. ADMIN. CODE§ 711.1431.

If you choose to file suit, as provided above, service of process should be made on John J.
Specia, Jr., Commissioner of the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, 701
W. 51st Street, Austin, Texas 78751.

Sincerely,

 c~L'='~
Sheela Rai
Administrative Law Judge
Appeals Division
Texas Health and Human Services Commission

cc: John Scott Howard
    Department of Family and Protective Srvs.
    P.O. Box 149030, MC: Y-956
    Austin, TX 78714-9030

                                                nn-.o
                              APPEALS DIVISION
                TEXAS HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES COIVIMISSION
                               AUSTIN, TEXAS

~           M                               §
PETITIONER                                  §
                                            §
vs.                                         §      CAUSE NO. 14-0474-M
                                            §      EMR NO. 039-14
TEXAS DEPARTMENT OFF AMIL Y                 §
AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES,                    §
RESPONDENT                                  §

                              FINAL DECISION AND ORDER

                                     I. INTRODUCTION

On April 29, 2014, the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) notified
P:       M      · (Petitioner) of its determination that Petitioner had committed acts that were
reportable conduct as defined in title 40, chapter 711 of the Texas Administrative Code. DFPS
also notified Petitioner that her name would become part of the Employee Misconduct Registry
(EMR) maintained by the Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services (DADS) ttnless
Petitioner appealed the determination. Petitioner submitted a reque t for hearing, which DFPS
received on May 7, 2014. Based on the evidence admitted at the hearing, this Administrative
Law Judge (AU) recommends that the determination be ustnined.

             II. JURISDICTION, NOTICE, AND PROCEDURAL IDSTORY

There are no contested issues of notice, jurisdiction, or venue in this proceeding. Therefore
those matters are set forth in Lhe Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law without further
discussion here. On September 16, 2014, AU Sheela Rai, Appeals Division, Texas Health and
Human Services Commission, convened a live hearing in Austin, Texas. Petitioner appeared pro
se. John A. Howard, EMR Attorney, represented DFPS.

                                   III. APPLICABLE LAW

Pursuant to chapter 48, ubchapter I of the Texas Human Resources Code, if an employee of a
home and community-based ervices (HCS) provider commits reportable conduct, as further
defined by DFPS rules, DFPS i required to place that person's name on the EMR maintained by
DADS.

The relevant DFPS mles are generally codified at title 40, chapter 711 of the Texas
Administrative Code. Section 711.1402 defines "reportable conduct" as "abuse, neglect or

                                                 nn.,a
                                                                          !)

exploitation that meets the definition of § 48.401(5), Human Resources Code, and as further
defined in § 711.1408." 40 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 711.1402(16) (Department of Family and
Protective Services, Investigations in DADS and DSHS Facilities and Related Programs·
Employee Misconduct Registry) (emphasis added).

'Reportable conduct," as defined by section 711.1408 of the Texas Administrative Code,
includes, "abuse or neglect that causes or may cause death or harm to an individual receiving
agency services." Jd. §711.1408(a)(l) (emphasis added); see also TEX. HUM RES . CODE §
48.40 1(5)(A) (similarly defining "reportable conduct"). Section 1408 further provides that for
the purposes of this definition, the term "neglect'' has the meaning provided in section 711.1406
relating to facility investigations, which include HCS investigations. 40 TEX. ADMIN. CODE
§711.1408(b); see also id. §§ 711.1402(10) (defining ''Facility investigation" to include
employee of HCS provider agency), 711.1402 (12) (defining "HCS"), 711.1406 ("How are the
terms abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation defined for Facility investigations?").

"Neglect" is defined in section 711.1406 as "a negligent act or omission by any individual
responsible for providing services to a person served, which caused or may have caused physical
or emotional injury or death to a person served or which placed a person served at risk of
physical or emotional injury or death." !d. § 71l.1406(a)(3). Section 1406 also states that
"[ejxamples of neglect are listed in §711.19(1) - (3) of this title (relating to How is neglect
defined?)." !d. Section 711.19, in tum, defines "neglect" as set out above and provides that:

       Neglect includes, but is not limited to, the failure to:

        (1) establish or carry out an appropriate individual program plan or treatment
       plan for a person served, if such failure results in a specific incident or allegation
       involving a person served;

        (2) provide adequate nutrition, clothing, or health care to a specific person
       served in a residential or inpatient program; or

        (3) provide a safe environment for a specific person served, including the failure
       to maintain adequate numbers of appropriately trained staff, if such failure results
       in a specific incident or allegation involving a person served.

!d. § 711.19. A "person served" is, in general terms, an individual with a disability receiving
services in certain locations or by certain entities, including an HCS provider. See id. §
711.3(33).

"Harm," as defined in section 1408, is:

       (1) a significant injury or risk of significant injury, including a fracture,
       dislocation of any joint, internal injury, a contusion larger than 2 and V2 inches,
       concussion, second or third degree bum or any laceration requiring sutures;

       (2) An adverse health effect that results or is at risk of resulting from failure to
       receive medications in the amounts or at the times prescribed; or

                                                  2

                                                      nn"Jn
                                           )

                 (3) Any other harm or risk of harm that warranted or would reasonably be
                 expected to have warranted, medical treatment or hospitalization.

          /d. § 1408(c).

                                                 IV. ANALYSIS

          The issue in this case is whether Petitioner committed neglect, and if so, whether it constituted
          reportable conduct. Neglect requires a negligent act or omission by an individual responsible for
          providing services to a person served, which caused or may have caused physical injury to the
          person served or placed a person served at risk of physical injury. Neglect, as relevant here,
          includes the failure to (1) carry out an individual program or treatment plan for a person served;
          or (2) provide a safe environment for the person served, if it results in an incident. To constitute
          reportable conduct, the neglect must be such as to cause, or that may have caused, (1) a
          significant injury or risk of significant injury; or (2) any other harm, or risk of harm, warranting,
          or reasonably expected to warrant, medical treatment.

          On February 14, 2014, Petitioner was employed by Doubletree Residential Services
          (Doubletree), an HCS provider, to provide direct care at Doubletree's group home located on
.......   H.      _    Drive (HI     _    ). AW was a 46-year old female living at the H         1 home,
          whose diagnoses included schizoaffective disorder, depression, diabetes, seizures and mild
          intellectual disability. AW had a history of multiple suicide attempts, cutting herself, and
          swallowing batteries and other dangerous objects. To prevent such self-harming behaviors,
          A W's services and behavior support plans (coUectively, treatment plan) required one-to-one
          supervision with staff within arm's length distance of AW while she was awake and line-of-sight
          supervision when AW was asleep.

          The following facts or events are undisputed. On February 14, 2014, Petitioner signed on to
          provide one-to-one supervision of A W, which meant that Petitioner was required to keep AW in
          sight and remain within arms- length of AW at all times. That day, AW did not attend day
          habitation because she had had a rash and vomited earlier in the week. AW spent most of the
          morning and early afternoon sleeping in her room. Between 2:00 p.m. nnd 3:00p.m., D
          G.    '-· another direct care staff at the H         1 home who was off that day, called on the
          house wireless telephone located in the living room. AW answered the phone. Petitioner asked
          AW about the identity of the caller and then took the phone from AW and talked to Ms. G
          On or about 7:00 p.m., AW told E.        0    ·, a Doubletree licensed vocational nurse-who had
          come to the home to check on AW because of the earlier rash and vomiting-that A W had
          swallowed batteries, which she had removed from a televi ion remote control device. A W was
          taken by two Doubletree employees to the Emergency Room at South Austin Medical Center.
          Dr. Steven Jennings admitted and assessed AW. Dr. Daniel S. Emmett, performed an emergent
          endoscopy and removed two AA batteries from AW's stomach. According to Dr. Jennings, the
          primary risk of swallowing batteries was bowel obstmction, which if left untreated could cause a
          perforation. Tlms, while Petitioner was assigned to one-to-one supervision within arm's-length
          distance of AW, AW swallowed two batteries, placing her at risk of physical inj ury.

                                                           3
                                 :)                                         t)

The issue here is whether the incident was the result of Petitioner's neglect, namely, Petitioner's
failure to adequately supervise AW and provide a safe environment for her as required by the
treatment plan. No other persons besides Petitioner and A W were present in the H
home at the time of the incident. According to A W's statements during the DFPS investigation,
when she woke up about 2:00 p.m., Petitioner was not in the room. When AW walked into the
living room, Petitioner was talking on her personal cell phone and walked outside when she saw
AW. Thus, when the house phone rang, AW answered it and talked to the caller, Ms. G
A W became upset when Petitioner took the phone from AW. AW went to the bathroom. Next,
A W went to her roommate K D.                   room, grabbed the remote, took out the batteries,
threw the remote underneath the nightstand, went to the kitchen and swallowed the batteries with
a glass of water. AW stated that she swallowed the batteries between 2:15 p.m. and 2:45 p.m.;
and Petitioner was in the garage during this time period talking on her personal cell phone.

Petitioner denied that she failed to adequately supervise AW or left her alone in the house.
According to Petitioner, the only time AW was not within sight or within arm's length distance
was when Petitioner was on the phone with Ms. G.            on or about 2:00 p.m. Petitioner
explained that when she hung up the phone, A W was gone. Petitioner went towards the
bathroom because that is where AW had said earlier that she was going. Petitioner saw, through
the cracked-open bathroom door, AW getting ready to sit on the toilet and not doing anything
else. Petitioner appeared to contend that Petitioner's actions did not breach the one-to-one
supervision because, under AW's revised treatment plan, A W could go into the bathroom alone
and simply leave the door cracked open.

[t is generally undisputed that while Petitioner was assigned to one-to-one supervision within
rums-length distance of AW AW was able to remove and ingest two batteries without being
seen. This could not have happened if Petitioner had maintained one-to-one supervision within
ann' length distance of AW. It is unclear whether Petitioner left A W alone in the house.
However, based on Petitioner's own testimony and statements, it is clear that Petitioner did not
maintain arm's length distance while Petitioner was on the phone with Ms. G.             According to
Ms. 0.         statement and testimony, Petitioner was on the phone with Ms. G.            for at least
five to six minutes. Both Ms. G             and T        F     ·G.       . a Doubletree director and
owner, testified that when assigned to one-to-one supervision, staff members should not answer
the house phone; if they do answer the phone, they should carry the phone with them; or tell the
caller that they cannot talk then. Petitioner was the only staff present in the H             home on
February 14, 2014, so not answering the house phone may not have been a reasonable option.
She could, however, have taken the phone and stayed with A W or told Ms. G.             ·hat Petitioner
could not talk or Petitioner would call Ms. G          back. (Ms. G      had called merely to inquire
whether payroll checks for the staff had arrived; it was not an urg1!nt matter.) Instead, Petitioner
stayed on the phone and allowedl AW to walk away, presumably to the bathroom. Based on her
own statements and testimony, Petitioner knew that one-to-one supervision meant staying within
arm's reach of A W; and AW required such supervision to keep her safe and ensure that she did
not harm herself. Specifically, Petitioner knew that AW had previously swallowed batteries and
stuck a pin in her belly button. Thus, Petitioner knew or hould have known that failure to stay
within arms-length distance of A W could result in such an incident. And contrary to Petitioner's
attempt to justify her failure to stay with-in arm's length of AW, the record clearly established that
AW's treatment plan was not revised to provide an exception from the arm's length distance
supervision to permit A W more privacy when using the bathroom.
                                                  4
                                                                          )

In sum, a preponderance of the evidence showed that Petitioner failed to maintain one-to-one
supervision within arms-length distance of A W while Petitioner was on the telephone, thus
enabling AW to remove and swallow batteries and placing her at risk of physical injury such as
bowel obstruction or perforation. Accordingly, because Petitioner failed to carry out A W's
treatment plan and failed to provide her a safe environment resulting in an incident involving
AW, Petitioner committed neglect. Additionally, a preponderance of evidence showed that
Petitioner's .neglect constituted reportable conduct because such neglect caused or may have
caused A W risk of harm, such as bowel obstruction or perforation, warranting a medical
procedtire t remove the ingested batteries to avoid such risk.

                                     V. FINDINGS OF FACT
1. On February 14, 2014, Petitioner was employed by Doubletree Residential Services
   (Doubletree), an HCS provider, to provide direct care at Doubletree's group home located on
   H           )rive (H
2. On February 14, 2014, AW was a 46-year old female living at the H        _ 1 home, whose
   diagnoses included schizoaffective disorder, depression, diabetes, seizures, and mild
   intellectual disability. AW had a history of multiple suicide attempts, cutting herself, and
   swallowing batteries and other dangerous objects.
3. To prevent AW from harming herself, AW's individual services and behavioral support plans
   (collectively, treatment plan) required one-to-one level of supervision with staff within ann's
   length di tance while A W was awake, and in line-of sight supervision when asleep.
4. On February 14, 2014, Petitioner signed on to provide one-to-one supervision within arm's
   length distance of AW from 8:00a.m. to 10:00 p.m.
5. Between 2:00 p.m. and 3:00p.m., another H            staff member, Dl        ~ G      called in
   on the house wireless· telephone located in the living room and A W answered the call.
   Petitioner took the phone from AW and talked to Ms. G        for at least five or six minutes.
   While Petitioner was on the phone, A W walked away. Petitioner did not know where A W
   had gone.
6. On February 14, 2014, while on the phone with Ms. G         , Petitioner did not remain within
   arm's length distance of AW as requirt?d by A W's treatment plan.
7. Petitioner knew that one-to-one supervision meant staying within arm's reach of AW; AW
   required such supervision to keep her safe and ensure that she did not harm herself; and A W
   had previously swallowed batteries and stuck a pin in her belly button.
8. Petitioner's failure to remain within arm's length distance of AW placed AW at a foreseeable
   risk of physical injury.
9. Between 2:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m., AW removed batteries from another resident's television
   remote control device and swallowed them.
10. AW was taken to the Emergency Room at South Austin Medical Center. Dr. Steven
    Jennings admitted and assessed AW. Dr. Daniel S. Emmett performed an emergent
    endoscopy and removed two AA batteries from A W's stomach.

                                                5
                                 )

11. The primary risk to AW from the ingested batteries was bowel obstruction, which if left
    untreated could cause a perforation.
12. On October 14, 2014, DFPS was notified of possible neglect involving Petitioner.
13. Following an investigation of the alleged negligence, DFPS notified Petitioner on April 29,
    2014, of its determination that Petitioner had committed neglect that rose to the level of
    reportable conduct. DFPS also notified Petitioner that her name would be placed on the
    EMR maintained by DADS unless she appealed the determination and it was modified; and
    of her right to appeal the determination.
14. On May 7, 2014, DFPS received Petitioner's request for appeal hearing.
15. On August 7, 2014, AU Sheela Rai issued an order to the parties that, among other' things,
    provided the date, time, and location for the hearing.
16. All parties appeared at the hearing in this matter on September 16, 2014, when the record
    was closed following receipt of evidence on that date.

                                 VI. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1.   DFPS has jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to Texas Human Resources Code section
     48.405(a).
                                                                                                   ~   ..... ~   ,~.   .... 7

2. The AU has jurisdiction over matters related to the hearing in this proceeding, including the
   authority to issue a decision with findings of fact and conclusions of law, pursuant to section
   48.405 of the Texas Human Resources Code and section 711.1421(a) and (b) of the Texas
   Adminl trati ve Code.
3. DFPS and the AU issued proper and timely notices. See TEX. HUM. RES. CODE §§
   48.404(a), 48.405(a); 40 TEX. ADMIN. CODE§§ 711.1413, 711.1414(a), 711.142l(a), (b).
4. Petitioner timely requested an appeal hearing. See TEX. HUM. RES. CODE§ 48.404(b); 40
   TEX. ADMIN. CODE§ 711.1417(a).
5. DFPS has the burden o( proof, by a preponderance of evidence, of hawing that Petitioner
   committed an act of reportable conduct, as defined in section 48.40 1(5) of the Texas Human
   Resources Code and section 711.1408(a) of the Texas Administrative Code.
6. To constitute reportable conduct, DFPS must prove by a preponderance of evidence that
   Petitioner (1) committed neglect; and (2) such neglect caused or may have caused a
   significant injury or risk of significant injury, or other harm wananting, or reasonably
   expected to wan-ant, medical treatment. See TEX. HUM. RES. CODE § 48.401(5)(A); 40
   TEX. ADMIN. CODE§ 711.1408(a)(l), (c)(1), (3).
7.   Neglect is a negligent act or omission by an individual responsible for providing services to a
     person served, which caused or may have caused physical injury to the person erved or
     placed such person at risk of physical injury. 40 .TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 7ll.l406(a)(3),
     711.1408(b). Neglect includes the failure to (l) cany out an individual program or treatment
     plan for a person erved; or (2) provide a safe environment for the person served, if such
     failure results in an incident involving the person served. See id. §§ 711.1406(a)(3),
     711.19(1), (3).

                                                 6

                                                     nn'lA
                             ·.)                                    <)

8. Because Petitioner was employed by Doubletree, an HSC provider, to provide direct care
   services to residents at Doubletree's H      _   home, Petitioner was an HSC provider
   employee responsible for providing services to AW, a disabled person receiving services at
   the H         ~home.

9. Because a preponderance of evidence showed that on February 14, 2014, Petitioner failed to
   maintain one-to-one supervision within arms-length distance of A W-as required by A W's
   treatment plan-thus enabling AW to remove and swallow batteries, placing her at risk of
   physical injury such as bowel obstruction or perforation, Petitioner committed neglect.
10. Because a preponderance of evidence showed that Petitioner's neglect caused or may have
    caused AW risk of harm, such as bowel obstruction or perforation from ingested batteries,
    warranting medical treatment to remove the batteries to avoid the risk, such neglect
    constituted reportable conduct as defined in Texas Human Resources Code section 48.401(5)
    and Texas Administrative Code section 711.1408( a).
11. Petitioner's name should be reported to DADS for inclusion in the EMR, in accordance with
    Texas Human Resources Code sections 48.403 and 48.408 and Texas Administrative Code
    section 711.1411.

                                             7
                               )                                       ,   ..

                                           ORDER

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the determination of the Department of Family and
Protective Services (DFPS) that Petitioner committed neglect that constituted reportable conduct
BE SUSTAINED.

Unless notice of petition for jndicial review ls served on DFPS within 45 days after the date on
which this decision is mailed to Petitioner, DFPS IS HEREBY ORDERED to submit
Petitioner's name and other identifying infonnation, as described in section 48.408 of the Texas
Human Resources Code, to the Department of Aging and Disability Services for inclusion in the
Employee Misconduct Registry.

Signed this IJt.h. day of~· 2014.

                                     ~~·
                                    Sheela Rai
                                    Administrative Law Judge
                                    Appeals Division
                                    Texas Health and Human Services Commission

                                               8
Tab C
§ 2001.174. Review Under Substantial Evidence Rule or..., TX GOVT § 2001.174

  Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated
    Government Code (Refs & Annos)
      Title 10. General Government (Refs & Annos)
        Subtitle A. Administrative Procedure and Practice
           Chapter 2001. Administrative Procedure (Refs & Annos)
             Subchapter G. Contested Cases: Judicial Review

                               V.T.C.A., Government Code § 2001.174

  § 2001.174. Review Under Substantial Evidence Rule or Undefined Scope of Review

                                                 Currentness

If the law authorizes review of a decision in a contested case under the substantial evidence
rule or if the law does not define the scope of judicial review, a court may not substitute its
judgment for the judgment of the state agency on the weight of the evidence on questions
committed to agency discretion but:

  (1) may affirm the agency decision in whole or in part; and

  (2) shall reverse or remand the case for further proceedings if substantial rights of
  the appellant have been prejudiced because the administrative findings, inferences,
  conclusions, or decisions are:

     (A) in violation of a constitutional or statutory provision;

     (B) in excess of the agency's statutory authority;

     (C) made through unlawful procedure;

     (D) affected by other error of law;

     (E) not reasonably supported by substantial evidence considering the reliable and
     probative evidence in the record as a whole; or

             © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.             1
§ 2001.174. Review Under Substantial Evidence Rule or..., TX GOVT § 2001.174

     (F) arbitrary or capricious or characterized by abuse of discretion or clearly
     unwarranted exercise of discretion.

Credits
Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 268, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.

V. T. C. A., Government Code § 2001.174, TX GOVT § 2001.174
Current through the end of the 2015 Regular Session of the 84th Legislature

End of Document                                         © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

              © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.                                        2
Tab D
§ 48.251. Definitions, TX HUM RES § 48.251

  Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated
    Human Resources Code (Refs & Annos)
      Title 2. Human Services and Protective Services in General
        Subtitle D. Department of Family and Protective Services; Child Welfare and
        Protective Services
           Chapter 48. Investigations and Protective Services for Elderly Persons and
           Persons with Disabilities (Refs & Annos)
              Subchapter F. Investigations of Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of
              Individuals Receiving Services from Certain Providers

                             V.T.C.A., Human Resources Code § 48.251

                                             § 48.251. Definitions

                                      Effective: September 1, 2015
                                              Currentness

(a) In this subchapter:

  (1) “Behavioral health services” means:

     (A) mental health services, as defined by Section 531.002, Health and Safety Code; and

     (B) interventions provided to treat chemical dependency, as defined by Section
     461A.002, Health and Safety Code.

  (2) “Community center” has the meaning assigned by Section 531.002, Health and Safety
  Code.

  (3) “Facility” means:

     (A) a facility listed in Section 532.001(b) or 532A.001(b), Health and Safety Code,
     including community services operated by the Department of State Health Services or
     Department of Aging and Disability Services, as described by those sections, or a person

             © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.           1
§ 48.251. Definitions, TX HUM RES § 48.251

     contracting with a health and human services agency to provide inpatient mental health
     services; and

     (B) a facility licensed under Chapter 252, Health and Safety Code.

  (4) “Health and human services agency” has the meaning assigned by Section 531.001,
  Government Code.

  (5) “Home and community-based services” means services provided in the home or
  community in accordance with 42 U.S.C. Section 1315, 42 U.S.C. Section 1315a, 42 U.S.C.
  Section 1396a, or 42 U.S.C. Section 1396n, and as otherwise provided by department rule.

  (6) “Local intellectual and developmental disability authority” has the meaning assigned
  by Section 531.002, Health and Safety Code.

  (7) “Local mental health authority” has the meaning assigned by Section 531.002, Health
  and Safety Code.

  (8) “Managed care organization” has the meaning assigned by Section 533.001,
  Government Code.

  (9) “Provider” means:

     (A) a facility;

     (B) a community center, local mental health authority, and local intellectual and
     developmental disability authority;

     (C) a person who contracts with a health and human services agency or managed care
     organization to provide home and community-based services;

             © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.         2
§ 48.251. Definitions, TX HUM RES § 48.251

     (D) a person who contracts with a Medicaid managed care organization to provide
     behavioral health services;

     (E) a managed care organization;

     (F) an officer, employee, agent, contractor, or subcontractor of a person or entity listed
     in Paragraphs (A)-(E); and

     (G) an employee, fiscal agent, case manager, or service coordinator of an individual
     employer participating in the consumer-directed service option, as defined by Section
     531.051, Government Code.

(b) The executive commissioner by rule shall adopt definitions of “abuse,” “neglect,”
“exploitation,” and “an individual receiving services” for purposes of this subchapter and
investigations conducted under this subchapter.

Credits
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 907, § 31, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2015, 84th
Leg., ch. 1 (S.B. 219), § 4.280, eff. April 2, 2015; Acts 2015, 84th Leg., ch. 860 (S.B. 1880), §
8, eff. Sept. 1, 2015; Acts 2015, 84th Leg., ch. 1272 (S.B. 760), § 16, eff. Sept. 1, 2015.

V. T. C. A., Human Resources Code § 48.251, TX HUM RES § 48.251
Current through the end of the 2015 Regular Session of the 84th Legislature

End of Document                                      © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

              © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.                                     3
Tab E
§ 48.401. Definitions, TX HUM RES § 48.401

  Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated
    Human Resources Code (Refs & Annos)
      Title 2. Human Services and Protective Services in General
        Subtitle D. Department of Family and Protective Services; Child Welfare and
        Protective Services
           Chapter 48. Investigations and Protective Services for Elderly Persons and
           Persons with Disabilities (Refs & Annos)
              Subchapter I. Employee Misconduct Registry

                             V.T.C.A., Human Resources Code § 48.401

                                             § 48.401. Definitions

                                      Effective: September 1, 2015
                                              Currentness

In this subchapter:

  (1) “Agency” means:

     (A) an entity licensed under Chapter 142, Health and Safety Code;

     (B) a person exempt from licensing under Section 142.003(a)(19), Health and Safety
     Code;

     (C) a facility licensed under Chapter 252, Health and Safety Code; or

     (D) a provider investigated by the department under Subchapter F or under Section
     261.404, Family Code.

  (2) “Commissioner” means the commissioner of the Department of Family and Protective
  Services.

  (3) “Employee” means a person who:

             © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.        1
§ 48.401. Definitions, TX HUM RES § 48.401

     (A) works for:

        (i) an agency; or

        (ii) an individual employer participating in the consumer-directed service option, as
        defined by Section 531.051, Government Code;

     (B) provides personal care services, active treatment, or any other services to an
     individual receiving agency services, an individual who is a child for whom an
     investigation is authorized under Section 261.404, Family Code, or an individual
     receiving services through the consumer-directed service option, as defined by Section
     531.051, Government Code; and

     (C) is not licensed by the state to perform the services the person performs for the agency
     or the individual employer participating in the consumer-directed service option, as
     defined by Section 531.051, Government Code.

  (4) “Employee misconduct registry” means the employee misconduct registry established
  under Chapter 253, Health and Safety Code.

  (5) “Reportable conduct” includes:

     (A) abuse or neglect that causes or may cause death or harm to an individual receiving
     agency services;

     (B) sexual abuse of an individual receiving agency services;

     (C) financial exploitation of an individual receiving agency services in an amount of $25
     or more; and

             © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.              2
§ 48.401. Definitions, TX HUM RES § 48.401

     (D) emotional, verbal, or psychological abuse that causes harm to an individual
     receiving agency services.

Credits
Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1267, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2002. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th
Leg., ch. 198, § 2.113, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2009, 81st Leg., ch. 284, § 35, eff. June 11, 2009;
Acts 2009, 81st Leg., ch. 763, § 15, eff. June 19, 2009; Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., ch. 91 (S.B. 1303),
§ 13.001, eff. Sept. 1, 2011; Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., ch. 363 (H.B. 2683), § 10, eff. Jan. 1, 2014;
Acts 2015, 84th Leg., ch. 860 (S.B. 1880), § 10, eff. Sept. 1, 2015; Acts 2015, 84th Leg., ch.
1272 (S.B. 760), § 18, eff. Sept. 1, 2015.

V. T. C. A., Human Resources Code § 48.401, TX HUM RES § 48.401
Current through the end of the 2015 Regular Session of the 84th Legislature

End of Document                                      © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

              © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.                                     3
Tab F
§ 48.402. Rules Relating to Reportable Conduct, TX HUM RES § 48.402

  Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated
    Human Resources Code (Refs & Annos)
      Title 2. Human Services and Protective Services in General
        Subtitle D. Department of Family and Protective Services; Child Welfare and
        Protective Services
           Chapter 48. Investigations and Protective Services for Elderly Persons and
           Persons with Disabilities (Refs & Annos)
              Subchapter I. Employee Misconduct Registry

                            V.T.C.A., Human Resources Code § 48.402

                         § 48.402. Rules Relating to Reportable Conduct

                                         Effective: April 2, 2015
                                              Currentness

The executive commissioner may adopt rules to further define reportable conduct.

Credits
Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1267, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2002. Amended by Acts 2015, 84th
Leg., ch. 1 (S.B. 219), § 4.289, eff. April 2, 2015.

V. T. C. A., Human Resources Code § 48.402, TX HUM RES § 48.402
Current through the end of the 2015 Regular Session of the 84th Legislature

End of Document                                        © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

              © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.                                       1
Tab G
§ 48.406. Notice; Judicial Review, TX HUM RES § 48.406

  Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated
    Human Resources Code (Refs & Annos)
      Title 2. Human Services and Protective Services in General
        Subtitle D. Department of Family and Protective Services; Child Welfare and
        Protective Services
           Chapter 48. Investigations and Protective Services for Elderly Persons and
           Persons with Disabilities (Refs & Annos)
              Subchapter I. Employee Misconduct Registry

                             V.T.C.A., Human Resources Code § 48.406

                                   § 48.406. Notice; Judicial Review

                                         Effective: June 19, 2009
                                               Currentness

(a) The department shall give notice of the order under Section 48.405 to the employee alleged
to have committed the reportable conduct. The notice must include:

  (1) separate statements of the findings of fact and conclusions of law;

  (2) a statement of the right of the employee to judicial review of the order; and

  (3) a statement that the reportable conduct will be recorded in the employee misconduct
  registry under Section 253.007, Health and Safety Code, if:

     (A) the employee does not request judicial review of the finding; or

     (B) the finding is sustained by the court.

(b) Not later than the 30th day after the date the decision becomes final as provided
by Chapter 2001, Government Code, the employee may file a petition for judicial review
contesting the finding of the reportable conduct. If the employee does not request judicial
review of the finding, the department shall send a record of the department's findings to the

             © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.            1
§ 48.406. Notice; Judicial Review, TX HUM RES § 48.406

Department of Aging and Disability Services to record in the employee misconduct registry
under Section 253.007, Health and Safety Code.

(c) Judicial review of the order:

  (1) is instituted by filing a petition as provided by Subchapter G, Chapter 2001,
  Government Code; 1 and

  (2) is under the substantial evidence rule.

(d) If the court sustains the finding of the occurrence of the reportable conduct, the
department shall forward the finding of reportable conduct to the Department of Aging and
Disability Services to record the reportable conduct in the employee misconduct registry
under Section 253.007, Health and Safety Code.

Credits
Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1267, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2002. Amended by Acts 2009, 81st
Leg., ch. 763, § 19, eff. June 19, 2009.

Footnotes
1     V.T.C.A., Government Code § 2001.171 et seq.

V. T. C. A., Human Resources Code § 48.406, TX HUM RES § 48.406
Current through the end of the 2015 Regular Session of the 84th Legislature

End of Document                                          © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

              © 2016 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.                                         2
Tab H
                                                                                                Page 1 of 1

<>
                          Texas Administrative Code
TITLE 40                  SOCIAL SERVICES AND ASSISTANCE
PART 19                   DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES
CHAPTER 711               INVESTIGATIONS IN DADS AND DSHS FACILITIES AND
                          RELATED PROGRAMS
SUBCHAPTER A              INTRODUCTION
RULE §711.19              How is neglect defined?
Historical                                                                                     Texas
                                                                                              Register

In this chapter, when the alleged perpetrator is an employee, agent, or contractor, neglect is defined
as a negligent act or omission by any individual responsible for providing services to a person
served, which caused or may have caused physical or emotional injury or death to a person served or
which placed a person served at risk of physical or emotional injury or death. Neglect includes, but is
not limited to, the failure to:

 (1) establish or carry out an appropriate individual program plan or treatment plan for a person
served, if such failure results in a specific incident or allegation involving a person served;

 (2) provide adequate nutrition, clothing, or health care to a specific person served in a residential or
inpatient program; or

 (3) provide a safe environment for a specific person served, including the failure to maintain
adequate numbers of appropriately trained staff, if such failure results in a specific incident or
allegation involving a person served.

Source Note: The provisions of this §711.19 adopted to be effective May 1, 2001, 26 TexReg 2755;
amended to be effective January 1, 2004, 28 TexReg 11345

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                         Texas Administrative Code
TITLE 40                  SOCIAL SERVICES AND ASSISTANCE
PART 19                   DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES
CHAPTER 711               INVESTIGATIONS IN DADS AND DSHS FACILITIES AND
                          RELATED PROGRAMS
SUBCHAPTER O              EMPLOYEE MISCONDUCT REGISTRY
RULE §711.1402            How are the terms in this subchapter defined?
Historical                                                                                  Texas
                                                                                           Register

The following words and terms when used in this subchapter, shall have the following meanings,
unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

 (1) Administrative law judge--An attorney who serves as a hearings examiner and conducts an
EMR hearing;

 (2) Agency--An entity, person or facility as defined in §48.401(1), Human Resources Code;

 (3) APS--The Adult Protective Services division within the Department of Family and Protective
Services, which is authorized to conduct investigations of alleged abuse, neglect, or exploitation of
certain adults under Chapter 48, Human Resources Code, and certain children under §261.404,
Family Code;

 (4) Commissioner--The commissioner of the Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS)
or the commissioner's designee;

 (5) Department--The Department of Family and Protective Services;

 (6) Designated perpetrator--A person determined by APS to have committed abuse, neglect, or
exploitation who may be eligible for inclusion on the Employee Misconduct Registry, when the
abuse, neglect or exploitation meets the definition of reportable conduct;

 (7) Employee--A person who:

  (A) works for:

   (i) an agency, whether as an employee contractor, volunteer or agent; or

   (ii) an individual employer participating in the consumer-directed service option, as defined by
Government Code §531.051;

   (B) provides personal care services, active treatment, or any other personal services to an
individual receiving agency services, an individual who is a child for whom an investigation is
authorized under Family Code §261.404, or an individual receiving services through the consumer-
directed service option, as defined by Government Code §531.051; and
                                                                                                Page 2 of 3

  (C) is not licensed by the state to perform the services the person performs for the agency or the
individual employer participating in the consumer-directed service option, as defined by Government
Code §531.051;

 (8) EMR--The Employee Misconduct Registry;

 (9) EMR hearing--An administrative hearing offered to a person who has been found to have
committed reportable conduct for the purpose of appealing the finding of reportable conduct as well
as the underlying finding of abuse, neglect, or exploitation;

 (10) Facility investigation--An investigation conducted by APS under Chapter 48, Subchapters F
and H, Human Resources Code, that involves an employee of one of the following agency types:

  (A) a home and community-based services (HCS) provider;

  (B) a community center as defined in §531.002, Health and Safety Code;

  (C) a licensed intermediate care facility for persons with intellectual disabilities and related
conditions (ICF-IID);

  (D) a local authority as defined in this chapter;

  (E) the Rio Grande State Center;

  (F) a state-supported living center; or

  (G) a state hospital;

 (11) HCSSA--A home and community support services agency, sometimes referred to as a home
health agency, licensed under Chapter 142, Health and Safety Code;

 (12) HCS--A person or an agency exempt from licensure under §142.003(a)(19), Health and Safety
Code, that provides home and community-based services to persons with intellectual disabilities and
related conditions;

  (13) ICF-IID--An intermediate care facility for individuals with an intellectual disability or related
condition. A licensed ICF-IID is a privately owned and operated facility licensed by the Department
of Aging and Disability Services under Chapter 252, Health and Safety Code. A state supported
living center operated by DADS or DSHS is also an ICF-IID. A local authority may also operate an
ICF-IID;

  (14) In-home investigation--An investigation conducted by APS under Chapter 705 of this title
(relating to Adult Protective Services);

 (15) Person served--An adult or child receiving services from an agency as defined in this
subchapter;

 (16) Reportable conduct--A confirmed or validated finding of abuse, neglect or exploitation that
meets the definition in §48.401(5), Human Resources Code, and as further defined in §711.1408 of
this title (relating to What is reportable conduct?);
                                                                                           Page 3 of 3

 (17) Rio Grande State Center--A facility operated by the Department of State Health Services that
provides in-patient mental health services and services through an ICF-IID;

 (18) State hospital--A hospital operated by the Department of State Health Services that provides
in-patient mental health services; and

 (19) State supported living center--An ICF-IID operated by the Department of Aging and Disability
Services.

Source Note: The provisions of this §711.1402 adopted to be effective September 1, 2010, 35
TexReg 6835; amended to be effective September 1, 2012, 37 TexReg 6322; amended to be effective
June 1, 2014, 39 TexReg 3878

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                          Texas Administrative Code
TITLE 40                  SOCIAL SERVICES AND ASSISTANCE
PART 19                   DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES
CHAPTER 711               INVESTIGATIONS IN DADS AND DSHS FACILITIES AND
                          RELATED PROGRAMS
SUBCHAPTER O              EMPLOYEE MISCONDUCT REGISTRY
RULE §711.1406            How are the terms abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation defined for
                          Facility investigations?
Repealed Date:            08/14/2016
Historical                                                                                    Texas
                                                                                             Register

(a) For Facility investigations, the definitions of abuse, neglect, and exploitation are contained in
rules adopted pursuant to §48.251, Human Resources Code, and §261.404, Family Code. The
following definitions apply:

 (1) "Abuse" includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, and emotional or verbal
abuse, as those terms are defined in this section.

 (2) "Physical abuse" means:

   (A) an act or failure to act performed knowingly, recklessly, or intentionally, including incitement
to act, which caused or may have caused physical injury or death to a person served;

  (B) an act of inappropriate or excessive force or corporal punishment, regardless of whether the
act results in a physical injury to a person served; or

   (C) the use of chemical or bodily restraints on a person served not in compliance with federal and
state laws and regulations (including the laws and regulations listed in §711.11(3) of this title
(relating to How is physical abuse defined?).

 (3) "Neglect" means a negligent act or omission by any individual responsible for providing
services to a person served, which caused or may have caused physical or emotional injury or death
to a person served or which placed a person served at risk of physical or emotional injury or death.
Examples of neglect are listed in §711.19(1) - (3) of this title (relating to How is neglect defined?).

 (4) "Sexual" abuse means any sexual activity, including but not limited to:

  (A) kissing a person served with sexual intent;

  (B) hugging a person served with sexual intent;

  (C) stroking a person served with sexual intent;

  (D) fondling a person served with sexual intent;
                                                                                              Page 2 of 3

  (E) engaging in with a person served:

   (i) sexual conduct as defined in §43.01, Penal Code; or

   (ii) any activity that is obscene as defined in §43.21, Penal Code;

  (F) requesting, soliciting or compelling a person served to engage in:

   (i) sexual conduct as defined in §43.01, Penal Code; or

   (ii) any activity that is obscene as defined in §43.21, Penal Code;

  (G) in the presence of the person served:

   (i) engaging in or displaying an activity that is obscene as defined in §43.21, Penal Code; or

    (ii) requesting, soliciting or compelling another person to engage in any activity that is obscene
as defined in §43.21, Penal Code;

  (H) committing sexual exploitation against a person served;

  (I) committing sexual assault as defined in §22.011, Penal Code, against a person served;

   (J) committing aggravated sexual assault as defined in §22.021, Penal Code, against a person
served; and

  (K) causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing the photographing, filming,
videotaping or depicting of a person served if the employee agent or contractor knew or should have
known that the resulting photograph, film, videotape, or depiction of the person served is obscene as
defined in §43.21, Penal Code, or is pornographic.

 (5) "Sexual exploitation" means a pattern, practice or scheme of conduct against a person served,
which may include sexual contact, that can reasonably be construed as being for the purposes of
sexual arousal or gratification or sexual abuse of any person; the term does not include obtaining
information about a patient's sexual history within standard accepted clinical practice.

 (6) "Financial exploitation" means the illegal or improper act or process of using a person served or
the resources of a person served for monetary or personal benefit, profit or gain.

 (7) "Verbal or emotional abuse" means any act or use of verbal or other communication, including
gestures, to curse, vilify, or degrade a person served; or threaten a person served with physical or
emotional harm. The act or communication must result in observable distress or harm to the person
served or be of such a serious nature that a reasonable person would consider it harmful or causing
distress.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision in subsection (a)(4) of this section, which is the definition
for "sexual abuse," consensual sexual activity between an employee, agent, or contractor, and an
alleged victim is not considered sexual abuse if the consensual sexual relationship began prior to the
employee, agent, or contractor becoming a paid employee, agent, or contractor.
                                                                                        Page 3 of 3

Source Note: The provisions of this §711.1406 adopted to be effective September 1, 2010, 35
TexReg 6835; amended to be effective September 1, 2012, 37 TexReg 6322

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