Court Opinion

ID: 2753894
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-11-21 05:19:32.918654+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:26:46.105103
License: Public Domain

Opinion issued November 20, 2014

                                      In The

                              Court of Appeals
                                     For The

                          First District of Texas
                            ————————————
                              NO. 01-13-00498-CV
                           ———————————
                        WILLIE KOEHLER, Appellant
                                        V.
  AMOCO FEDERAL CREDIT UNION AND REBA HANKINS, Appellees

                   On Appeal from the 212th District Court
                          Galveston County, Texas
                      Trial Court Case No. 11-CV-1172

                         MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Plaintiff-appellant Willie Koehler appeals the trial court’s judgment in favor

of defendants-appellees Amoco Federal Credit Union and Reba Hankins on

Koehler’s breach-of-contract and promissory estoppel claims. We affirm.
                                BACKGROUND

      Koehler sued Amoco Federal Credit Union and Reba Hankins (collectively,

Amoco), alleging that Amoco breached a contract between the parties when

Amoco repossessed Koehler’s truck. Koehler’s petition states that the truck was

taken “at a time when plaintiff had just been convicted and sentenced to life in

prison.”     According to Koehler, he had entrusted the truck to his pastor in

Rosharon, Texas until he could make further arrangements because he “had not

anticipated that he would get convicted.” He asserted that Amoco breached its

vehicle-purchase-financing contract by “wrongfully preventing plaintiff from

making his required monthly payments of $355.03” on the truck and by failing to

automatically withdraw his monthly payments from his account in May 2009 and

June 2009 without providing him notice.

      Koehler’s petition alternatively alleged that Amoco is liable under a

promissory-estoppel theory because Amoco stopped taking automatic payments

from his account. Koehler contended that it was foreseeable to Amoco that he

would rely on the automatic loan transfers, and that he did rely on them to his

detriment.

      Koehler appeared pro se at trial. He did not introduce any exhibits, and he

was the only witness testifying in support of his claims. He testified that Amoco

“canceled my automatic draft on my truck without notifying me.” He further

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testified that, after he missed two payments, Amoco repossessed his truck, and then

took additional payments out of his account. Accordingly, he argued, the truck

should have then been returned to him because the post-repossession payments

essentially brought his truck loan payments current. Finally, he complained that he

had personal possessions in his truck that were not returned to him by Amoco.

      On cross-examination, Koehler testified that he never notified Amoco about

his change of address after he was incarcerated; nor did he tell it that the primary

location of the truck had changed. He argued, however, that those failures were

irrelevant because Amoco knew where the truck was located.             Specifically,

Koehler testified that his son contacted a police detective after Koehler’s

conviction and told the detective that Koehler had given his truck to his pastor to

take to Mexico to sell. According to Koehler, that detective in turn told Amoco

where the truck was, and Amoco then repossessed it. Koehler acknowledged that

Amoco tried to reach him at his pre-incarceration address, but argued that Amoco

knew neither he nor the truck was still at that address.

      At the close of Koehler’s case, Amoco moved for a directed verdict on both

Koehler’s breach-of-contract and promissory-estoppel claims.        The trial court

granted Amoco’s motion, and Koehler appeals here.

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       BREACH OF CONTRACT AND PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL

      On appeal, Koehler contends that the trial court erred in granting Amoco’s

motion for directed verdict.

      Standard of Review and Applicable Law

      We construe Amoco’s motion for directed verdict as a motion for judgment

because it came at the close of the plaintiff’s case in a bench trial. Fondren Contsr.

Co. v. Briarcliff Hous. Dev. Assocs., Inc., 196 S.W.3d 210, 216 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, no pet.). When a trial court grants such a motion, we

presume that the court resolved both legal and factual issues. Qantel Bus. Sys., Inc.

v. Custom Controls Co., 761 S.W.2d 302, 304 (Tex. 1988). We thus review the

legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence from such a judgment. Id.

       “In conducting a legal-sufficiency review, we review the evidence in a light

that tends to support the finding of the disputed facts and disregard all evidence

and inferences to the contrary.” Lee Lewis Constr., Inc. v. Harrison, 70 S.W.3d
778, 782 (Tex. 2001). When reviewing the factual sufficiency of the evidence, we

must “conduct a neutral review of all the evidence.” Fondren Contsr. Co., 196
S.W.3d at 216. “We reverse for factual insufficiency only if the ruling is so against

the great weight and preponderance of the evidence as to be manifestly erroneous

or unjust.” Id.

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         Analysis

         The elements of a claim of breach of contract are (1) the existence of a valid

contract; (2) performance or tender of performance; (3) breach of the contract; and

(4) damage as a result of the breach. Lujan v. Navistar Fin. Corp., 433 S.W.3d
699, 705 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, no pet.). At trial, the contract was

not entered into evidence. Koehler’s testimony—which primarily consisted of his

complaints about Amoco’s discontinuing the automatic withdrawal of payments

from his account—did not include any details about specific contract terms. While

the existence of a term providing that Amoco would take automatic payments from

Koehler’s account was implicit in Koehler’s testimony, there was no evidence

presented about contractual restrictions on Amoco’s discontinuing those

withdrawals or about what type of notice Amoco was required to provide to him

when discontinuing the withdrawals. In other words, there was no evidence that

Amoco’s discontinuing the withdrawals without sending notice to Koehler at his

prison address was a breach of the loan agreement. Koehler likewise failed to offer

evidence about the amount of his alleged damages, testifying only that “I want

them to pay me for my—all of my losses, including inconvenience.”             Because

Koehler failed to put forth evidence in support of each element of his breach-of-

contract claim, the trial court correctly granted judgment in Amoco’s favor on that

claim.

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      The elements of promissory estoppel are (1) a promise; (2) foreseeability of

reliance thereon by the promisor; and (3) substantial reliance by the promisee to his

detriment. Miller v. Raytheon Aircraft Co., 229 S.W.3d 358, 378–79 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.). At trial, Koehler failed to present any evidence

of a promise by Amoco. And, to the extent that Koeler’s promissory-estoppel

claim is premised on Amoco’s failure to comply with an alleged contractual

obligation, the claim also fails because a promissory-estoppel claim cannot be

based upon enforcement of a contract. BP Am. Prod. Co. v. Zaffirini, 419 S.W.3d
485, 507 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2013, pet. denied). Because Koehler failed to

put forth evidence in support of each element of his promissory estoppel claim, and

because promissory estoppel cannot rest on a contractual promise, the trial court

correctly granted judgment in Amoco’s favor on that claim.

      We overrule both of Koehler’s issues.

                                 CONCLUSION

      We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                              Sherry Radack
                                              Chief Justice

Panel consists of Chief Justice Radack and Justices Jennings and Keyes.

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