Court Opinion

ID: 4655943
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-01-29 18:13:03.117916+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:00:32.409840
License: Public Domain

J-S43042-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellee                :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
    LUKE WALTERS, JR.                          :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :       No. 234 WDA 2020

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered January 7, 2020
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County
             Criminal Division at No(s): CP-65-CR-0004882-2018

BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., STABILE, J., and KING, J.

MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.:                               FILED JANUARY 29, 2021

        Appellant, Luke Walters, Jr., appeals nunc pro tunc from the judgment

of sentence entered in the Westmoreland County Court of Common Pleas,

following his jury trial conviction for robbery.1 We affirm.

        In its opinion, the trial court sets forth the relevant facts of this case as

follows:

           The charge in this case arose from an investigation of a
           robbery at the Lower Burrell Giant Eagle in Westmoreland
           County on October 20, 2018. During trial, nineteen-year–
           old [Victim] testified that, on the date of the incident, he
           and [his] girlfriend went to Giant Eagle. [Victim] indicated
           that, after leaving the store, he and [his girlfriend] stopped
           at the Redbox machine, which was located outside of the
           store, and as he was paying for the movie, a [“man”] came
           from behind him, “stuck something” in his back, and told
           him not to move or he would be shot. [Victim] confirmed
           that, after the interaction with the man, whom he later
____________________________________________

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701(a)(1)(ii).
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       identified as [Appellant], [Victim’s girlfriend] ran into the
       Giant Eagle to get help. At this time, [Victim] was scared
       so he followed every move that [Appellant] told him to do.
       Specifically, [Appellant] directed [Victim] into the parking
       lot and asked [Victim] how much money he had. [Victim]
       gave [Appellant] the forty dollars that was inside his wallet
       and [Appellant] told him that was not enough money so they
       went back inside Giant Eagle to retrieve more money from
       an ATM. [Appellant] told [Victim] that, if he acted out in
       any way, [Appellant] would kill him. Prior to withdrawing
       any money, the police arrived. On cross-examination,
       [Victim] confirmed that he never actually saw [Appellant]
       with a gun.

       [Victim’s girlfriend] testified that, on October 20, 2018, she
       and [Victim] went to Giant Eagle and stopped to get a
       Redbox movie. While at the Redbox machine, [Appellant]
       approached them and threatened [Victim]. Based on what
       she heard the man say, she thought [Appellant] was going
       to shoot [Victim] and that made her very fearful for
       [Victim’s] and her own life. [Victim’s girlfriend] immediately
       ran into the Giant Eagle to seek help from the employees.

       Office Jose Pantoja testified that, in October of 2018, he was
       employed part time as a patrol officer with the Allegheny
       Township Police Department. On October 20, 2018, while
       at the station, he received a call regarding an incident
       involving a holdup outside of the Giant Eagle in Lower
       Burrell, and he responded to the scene approximately five
       minutes later. Once inside the store, Officer Pantoja spoke
       to a couple of customers and was directed to a male in a red
       hooded sweatshirt, matching the earlier description
       provided, and a male in a blue leather jacket. Officer
       Pantoja then ordered the men to put their hands up and get
       on the floor. [Victim] was interviewed and indicated that
       [Appellant] took a twenty-dollar bill and four five-dollar bills
       from him.     A search revealed money on [Appellant’s]
       person; however, [Appellant] allegedly denied committing a
       robbery. [Appellant] was subsequently placed in custody.
       On cross-examination, Officer Pantoja testified that neither
       [Victim] nor [Victim’s girlfriend] told him that they observed
       a gun on [Appellant’s] person, and no gun was ever
       retrieved.

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       Officer Dan Myers, of the Allegheny Township Police
       Department, testified that, on October 20, 2018, he was
       dispatched through Westmoreland County 911 for an
       individual with a gun in the parking lot of Giant Eagle. Upon
       arrival, Officer Myers entered the Giant Eagle, observed
       Officer Pantoja with his gun out facing an individual, and
       proceeded to directly engage the individual. Officer Myers
       then placed the individual, who was later identified as
       [Appellant], into custody and searched him revealing a
       twenty-dollar bill, four five-dollar bills, and a police business
       card. Officer Myers confirmed that [Victim] indicated that
       the money taken from him was indeed a twenty-dollar bill
       and four five-dollar bills. On cross-examination, Officer
       Myers confirmed that no weapon was located on
       [Appellant’s] person.

       MaryAnne Hrivnak and Miranda Rimmel were customers at
       the Lower Burrell Giant Eagle on the date of the incident. At
       trial, Ms. Hrivnak testified that, while she was waiting at the
       checkout line, a girl frantically ran into the store screaming
       that her boyfriend was being held at gunpoint at the Redbox
       outside the store by a man in a red hoodie. Ms. Hrivnak
       indicated that a man with a hoodie and another man with a
       Leechburg varsity jacket entered the store with their hands
       in their pockets and walked towards the ATM machine. Ms.
       Hrivnak testified that a police officer entered the store
       shortly thereafter.

       Ms. Rimmel testified that prior to entering the store, she
       observed a Harrison Township police officer and a man in a
       red sweatshirt speaking. Ms. Rimmel stated that, as she
       was walking into the store, the man was walking in front of
       her straight to a Redbox where a young boy and girl were
       standing.    Ms. Rimmel indicated that the man in the
       sweatshirt had his hood up and he was talking to the two
       younger kids who appeared “a little nervous.” Ms. Rimmel
       stated that she was familiar with the boy, and she identified
       him as “Brandyn.” Ms. Rimmel corroborated the testimony
       of Ms. Hrivnak regarding the remaining events. [Appellant]
       elected not to testify at trial. Commonwealth’s Exhibit One
       contains clips of video surveillance from the Giant Eagle
       store on the date of the incident.         During trial, the
       Commonwealth requested the witnesses to identify
       themselves and the relevant parties depicted in the video.

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(Trial Court Opinion, filed April 6, 2020, at 2-4) (internal citations omitted).

      Following trial, a jury found Appellant guilty of robbery. On January 7,

2020, the court sentenced Appellant to five (5) to ten (10) years’

imprisonment. Appellant did not file post-sentence motions or a timely notice

of appeal. Appellant subsequently sought reinstatement of his direct appeal

rights nunc pro tunc. By order dated February 14, 2020, the court reinstated

Appellant’s direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc with the Commonwealth’s

consent. That same day, Appellant filed a notice of appeal nunc pro tunc. On

February 21, 2020, the court ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)

concise statement of errors complained of on appeal, and Appellant timely

complied.

      Appellant raises the following issue for our review:

          Whether the jury’s verdict for Robbery by Threat of
          Immediate Serious Bodily Injury was based on sufficient
          evidence?

(Appellant’s Brief at 2).

      Appellant argues that he did not place Victim in fear of immediate

serious bodily injury because no firearm was ever seen or recovered.           In

addition, Appellant contends he did not take any aggressive action to threaten

Victim.   Appellant concludes the evidence was insufficient to sustain the

verdict, and this Court must vacate his conviction and judgment of sentence.

We disagree.

      When examining a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence, our standard

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of review is as follows:

           The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
           evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at
           trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there
           is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every
           element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In
           applying [the above] test, we may not weigh the evidence
           and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In addition,
           we note that the facts and circumstances established by the
           Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of
           innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may
           be resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak
           and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of
           fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances. The
           Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every
           element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means
           of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying the
           above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all
           evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the
           [trier] of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses
           and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe
           all, part or none of the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Jackson, 215 A.3d 972, 980 (Pa.Super. 2019) (quoting

Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011), appeal

denied, 613 Pa. 642, 32 A.3d 1275 (2011)).

      The Crimes Code defines the offense of robbery in pertinent part, as

follows:

      § 3701. Robbery

           (a)    Offense defined.—

              (1) A person is guilty of robbery if, in the course of
              committing a theft, he:

                                       *    *    *

                    (ii)   threatens       another   with     or

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                   intentionally puts him in fear of immediate
                   serious bodily injury[.]

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701(a)(1)(ii).

      A conviction under Section 3701(a)(1)(ii) is contingent upon the type of

bodily harm threatened.       Commonwealth v. Ross, 570 A.2d 86, 87

(Pa.Super. 1990), appeal denied, 527 Pa. 644, 593 A.2d 417 (1990). The

Commonwealth produces evidence sufficient to sustain the conviction if the

evidence shows aggressive actions by the defendant that threatened the

victim’s safety.   Commonwealth v. Scott, 369 A.2d 809, 813 (Pa.Super.

1976).   For purposes of Section 3701(a)(1)(ii), the proper focus is on the

nature of the threat posed by an assailant and whether he reasonably placed

a victim in fear of immediate serious bodily injury. Ross, supra. See also

Commonwealth v. Taylor, 831 A.2d 661, 664 (Pa.Super. 2003) (holding

Commonwealth provided sufficient evidence to convict appellant under

Section 3701(a)(1)(ii), where appellant put hard object to store clerk’s side,

and victim testified that she was scared appellant would kill her);

Commonwealth v. Hurd, 407 A.2d 418, 419-21 (Pa.Super. 1979) (holding

Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to convict appellant under

Section 3701(a)(1)(ii), where appellant threatened store clerk with something

in his pocket that he intended for her to believe was gun).

      Further, brandishing or pointing a gun at a victim is not a prerequisite

for establishing guilt under Section 3701(a)(1)(ii). Commonwealth v. Ouch,

199 A.3d 918, 924 (Pa.Super. 2018). See also Commonwealth v. Bragg,

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133 A.3d 328, 332 (Pa.Super. 2016) (holding sufficient evidence supported

defendant’s robbery conviction under Section 3701(a)(1)(ii), where defendant

entered bank, disguised himself, and said to teller, “What are you looking at?”;

rejecting defendant’s argument that he could not be guilty of first-degree

robbery because he did not brandish weapon or make specific verbal threat).

      Instantly, Appellant appeared behind Victim, “stuck something” in

Victim’s back, and ordered Victim not to move or he would be shot. (See N.T.

Trial, 10/9/19, at 27-28). Appellant’s conduct scared Victim, and prompted

Victim to give Appellant forty dollars. (Id. at 30). When Appellant told Victim

that was not enough money, Appellant instructed Victim to retrieve more

money from a nearby ATM. (Id. at 30-32). Appellant threatened to kill Victim

if he failed to comply in any manner. (Id. at 32).

      Although Victim sustained no physical injuries, the circumstances under

which he was accosted were sufficient to permit an inference that Appellant

intended by his conduct to put Victim in fear of imminent serious bodily injury.

See Ross, supra. The fact that no witness saw Appellant possess a firearm,

or that the police did not recover one from Appellant, is not dispositive. See

Ouch, supra; Bragg, supra.        Rather, Appellant demonstrated aggressive

actions that threatened Victim’s safety.     See Scott, supra.       Thus, the

evidence was sufficient to sustain Appellant’s conviction.      See Jackson,

supra; 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701(a)(1)(ii).

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/29/2021

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