Court Opinion

ID: 7118433
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-24 12:35:23.594453+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:14:01.028626
License: Public Domain

Stevens, J.
It is the claim of plaintiffs that the defendant W. A. Preston, who wrote the will and signed same as a witness, was, at the time and long prior thereto, the attorney and confidential adviser of testatrix, and that he, by undue influence, induced her to execute Item 10 thereof, naming his wife as sole residuary legatee. These allega*1294tions present the only issue of fact submitted to the jury.
One of the principal grounds relied upon by appellants for reversal is that the verdict is not supported by, and is contrary to, the evidence; but, before proceeding to a discussion of this contention, we will dispose of some of the other questions raised by counsel.
l. new trial; proceedmgs to procure: amendment to motion. *12952. new trial : proment to’moti’on • instructions.0 *1294I. Complaint is made in argument of certain of the court’s instructions to which no exception was taken before the case was submitted to the jury. The case was tried in April, 1917, before Chapter 24, Acts of the Thirty-Seventh General Assembly, repealing Section 3705-a of the Supplement to the Code, 1913, went into effect.- The time for filing a motion for new trial was, by consent of counsel, extended by the court, and the motion was filed within the time allowed. The only reference to the instructions in this motion is to Instruction No. 11, and is as follows: “The court erred in giving the eleventh instruction on its own motion to the jury.” The original motion was filed on May 10, 1917; and, on November 13th following, which was before final argument, an amendment thereto was filed without leave of court, in which numerous exceptions and objections are urged to Instruction No. 11. The amendment was supported by affidavits of counsel, excusing their failure to except to the instructions before the case was submitted to the jury. Upon motion of counsel for plaintiff, the amendment was stricken from the files. The request of counsel for appellant, made at the time the court ruled on the motion to strike, for permission to file the same,'was denied. Section 3756 of the Code requires á motion for new trial to be filed within three days after verdict, except when based upon certain grounds not involved in the present motion, unless the court for good cause extends the time therefor. The rule that amendments to a *1295motion.' for new trial filed after the time provided by statute or allowed by the court permitted onhv when germane and proper to the object and purpose of the original motion is settled by numerous decisions
of this court. Dutton v. Seevers, 89 Iowa 302; Guth v. Bell, 153 Iowa 511; Wiar v. Wabash R. Co., 162 Iowa 702; Hall v. Feagins, 169 Iowa 495; Reed v. Wellsburg, 179 Iowa 593.
Section 3705-a of the 1913 Supplement to the Code specifically required that:
3. new trial : proceedings to procure: amendment to motion: exceptions to instructions. “All objections or exceptions thereto must be made before the instructions are read to the jury and must point out the grounds thereof specifically and with reasonable exactness; but upon a showing in a motion for a new trial that an error in such instructions was not discovered by the party claiming the error at the time of trial, such ° objections or exceptions may be made in the same manner in such motion for a new trial and no other objection or exception to the instructions shall be considered by the Supreme Court on appeal, except those made as above provided. The objections or exceptions must point out specifically the exact grounds thereof, and no other objections or. exceptions shall he considered by the trial court upon motion for a new trial or otherwise, or bjr the Supreme Court upon appeal.”
Under the statute (Section 3709 of the Code) relating to exceptions to instructions, as it was prior to the enactment of Section 3705-a, exceptions must be taken within three days after the verdict, and might be included in a motion for new trial. Exceptions not taken within the time allowed were not considered upon appeal. Harrison v. Charlton, 42 Iowa 573; Bailey v. Anderson, 61 Iowa 749; Ewaldt v. Farlow, 62 Iowa 212; Maxon v. Chicago, M. & *1296St. P. R. Co., 67 Iowa 226; Robinson v. Dinn County, 71 Iowa 224. Extension, of time in which to file a motion for new trial has been .Wjdmot lo extend the time within which to except to the instructions. Bush v. Nichols, 77 Iowa 171; Clark v. Reiniger, 66 Iowa 507; Harrison v. Charlton, supra; Bailey v. Anderson, supra.
The amendment which, as before stated, was filed several months after the time allowed by the court for filing the original motion for a new trial, contained a series of separately numbered exceptions to Instruction No. 11, none of which are in any way referred to or included in the original motion, which presented no objection or exception to that instruction that could be considered by the court for any purpose. Whether exceptions under the statute made in a motion for new trial be treated as a part of such motion and subject to the samé rules relating to amendments or not, no exceptions were contained in the original motion, and could not, therefore, be supplemented by an amendment thereto. The provision of the statute permitting exceptions to be included in a motion for new trial does not contemplate that same may be filed in an amendment to such motion after the time allowed.by statute. The amendment filed November 13, 1917, did not, in fact, purport to amend the original motion, but consisted only of exceptions to instructions given, and to the refusal of the court to give certain requested instructions. The exceptions were not, therefore, taken before the instructions were read to the jury, nor were they included in the motion for new trial, nor was the amendment germane to any matter contained in the original motion; and, therefore, the motion to strike was properly sustained.
*12974. Appeal and error : review: harmless error requested instructions covered by other instructions. *1296II. Numerous instructions requested by counsel for defendant were refused by the court. The first of these instructions might well have been given; but Paragraph 9 of *1297the court’s charge covered the point, and was not less favorable to the defendant than the offered instruction; and, therefore, no prejudice followed the refusal to give the same. The remaining instructions were argumentative in character, gave improper emphasis to certain parts of the evidence, and could not properly have been given in the form presented. The court’s charge, in any event, sufficiently covered the thought of most of the requested instructions.
phasis: argumentative instructions. 5’ & uídueUem Objection to a certain question propounded by his counsel to the defendant Preston, that the witness was incompetent under Section 4604 of the Code, was made and sustained after the witness had answered. No request was made that the answer be stricken. Counsel for appellant argues that the question sought to elicit a conversation between Preston and deceased which had been gone into by counsel for plaintiff, upon cross-examination. The record, however, does not bear out the claim of counsel, and the objection appears to have been properly sustained.
Wills : undue influence: question of fact. IV. A motion for a directed verdict was offered by counsel for appellant at' the close of plaintiff’s evidence, and overruled. It is now claimed that the motion should have been sustained, and that the verdict of the jury is without support in the evidence.
Testatrix, at the time of her death, which occurred about a week after the will in controversy was executed, was a widow, about 77 years of age, and had been sick since the 16th of January preceding. The exact nature of her illness is not shown, but her eyesight was affected thereby, and she suffered considerable pain in the head. She was German, and appears to have spoken English indifferently, and preferred to converse in German. Her first will was executed January 20, *12981916, and both wills were prepared and also signed by the defendant as a witness. Mr. Preston has been a member of the bar of Clayton County for more than 40 years, and for many years served testatrix and her husband as legal adviser and attorney. The relations between them were very friendly, and defendant performed numerous acts of kindness for both of them, as well as professional services for which he was paid little compensation. There is no direct evidence of fraud or undue influence on the part of Preston to induce testatrix to name his wife as the sole residuary legatee of her estáte. The evidence tended to show that testatrix sent for defendant and requested him to write both wills, which he did; that she requested that certain neighbors be called in to sign the first will as witnesses, but that defendant told her that would be unnecessary; that neither instrument was read to her immediately before signing. The evidence does not, however, show affirmatively that they had not been previously read to her, and does show that she stated, at the time the first will was executed, that she knew its contents. The clause naming Julia Preston as residuary legatee was identical in the- two wills. Two of the plaintiffs named as beneficiaries are nieces of testatrix, while the other beneficiaries named are friends, who appear to have been more or less kind and helpful to their benefactor. There' was also evidence from which the jury may well have found that testatrix had, on occasions, said that she intended to reward Preston for his professional services and kindness.
It appears, also, that he had received but meager compensation for his professional services prior to January 20th, on which date deceased assigned and delivered to him a note and mortgage for $666, which was retained by defendant. At the time this mortgage was assigned to Preston, testatrix stated that he had done her business for years, had not been paid therefor, and she wanted to give *1299him something for his work. Julia Preston, as a neighbor, had also been kind to testatrix and her husband, and this is given in the will as a reason for the bequest. The estate was valued at something less than $6,000, more than one half of which, after paying all specific bequests, and inheritance tax, would, under the residuary clause of the will, pass to Mrs. Preston.
7. wills : undue mfluence: attorwin ^husband Other facts and circumstances appear in the evidence, but we do not deem it necessary to refer thereto in greater detail. The relation between testatrix and the defendant W. A. Preston, the husband of his codefendant, Julia Preston, at the time of the execution of both wills and long prior thereto, was that of attorney and client. Both wills were signed by him as a witness. He is named as executor, and was in possession of the will in controversy from the time it was executed until it was filed for probate. These facts and circumstances cast some suspicions upon the transaction, and, under our holding in Graham v. Courtright, 180 Iowa 394, Liddle v. Salter, 180 Iowa 840, Hull v. Mitchell, 181 Iowa 51, and cases therein cited, were sufficient to require the submission to the jury of the question of undue influence. Direct evidence thereof was- not necessary. Courts look with disfavor upon transactions between attorney and client, and other perü 7 sons 0CC11Pying close confidential relations, which result in substantial advantage to the attorney or other fiduciary; and, while the relationship of attorney and client is not alone sufficient, yet, when considered in connection with other facts and circumstances, even though no direct evidence of misconduct on the part of the attorney is offered, it may justify setting aside the instrument. While, in this case, the property was given to the wife of the attorney, all of the transactions were had with him. It is our conclusion, *1300therefore, that the motion to direct a verdict, and also the motion for a new trial, were properly overruled.
s. trial : argument and conduct of counsel: court. V. Misconduct of counsel for plaintiff in argument to the jury is also alleged as one of the grounds for a new trial. The remarks of counsel were taken down by the reporter, and proper objection thereto was made by defendant’s counsel at the time, Any prejudice that might otherwise have resulted from some of the remarks complained of was removed by oral instructions of the court at the time. It is claimed by counsel for. appellee that much of the argument in question was in reply to the remarks of opposing counsel. The presiding judge was present during the argument, and was in a better position to judge of the effect thereof than is this court. We are not inclined to reverse on account of the alleged misconduct of counsel. Some latitude must be allowed to counsel in argument, although great care should be observed to avoid improper or unwarranted deductions from the evidence. Upon a full consideration of the entire record, we are of the opinion that no cause for reversal appears therein, and the judgment of the court below is, therefore, — Affirmed.
Ladd, O. J., Weaver and Gaynor, JJ., concur.