Court Opinion

ID: 9956605
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-02 17:00:35.227341+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:17:38.726405
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                       No. 23-2455
                                       __________

                                RONALD S. ROTHMAN,
                                             Appellant

                                             v.

            CABANA SERIES IV TRUST; IGLOO SERIES IV TRUST;
            US BANK TRUST NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee;
              WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A.; BALBEC CAPITAL, L.P.;
          SN SERVICING CORPORATION; FRIEDMAN VARTOLO, LLP;
                         QUENTEN GILLIAM, ESQ.
                   ____________________________________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                               for the District of New Jersey
                         (D.C. Civil Action No. 1-23-cv-03183)
                     District Judge: Honorable Christine P. O’Hearn
                      ____________________________________

                   Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                  March 27, 2024
              Before: JORDAN, PHIPPS, and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges

                               (Opinion filed April 2, 2024)
                                      ___________

                                       OPINION*
                                      ___________

PER CURIAM

*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
       Pro se appellant Ronald Rothman appeals from an order of the District Court

dismissing his complaint with prejudice and remanding a foreclosure proceeding to state

court. For the following reasons, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment.

       In June 2023, Rothman filed a complaint alleging that defendants, including U.S.

Bank Trust National Association and Wells Fargo Bank N.A., violated federal civil and

criminal laws in connection with an “invalid mortgage loan.” Rothman claimed that the

loan was obtained by his son in 2006 to finance the purchase of a property from

Rothman, that the “Notice of Settlement” for the loan was improperly recorded, and that

the defendants illegally collected (or benefitted from) insurance payments on the

“invalid” loan. ECF No. 1 at 6-10. The action was based on the False Claims Act and

numerous criminal statutes, including the RICO Act. Rothman sought “declaratory

judgments,” inter alia, nullifying the mortgage loan and the sale of the property, and

requiring restitution of the insurance payments. Id. at 12-13.

       In July 2023, Rothman filed a letter with the District Court, seeking to remove a

2022 foreclosure action (which stemmed from an alleged default of the mortgage loan)

from the New Jersey Superior Court, Chancery Division, to the District Court. In a

Memorandum Order entered July 31, 2023, the District Court granted Rothman’s motion

to proceed in forma pauperis, and screened and dismissed the complaint with prejudice

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). Also, to the extent that Rothman’s letter could be

construed as a Notice of Removal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a), the District Court

ordered the foreclosure matter remanded to state court. Rothman appealed.
                                             2
       We first address the scope of our jurisdiction. Appellees contend that the

complaint itself was a notice of removal, and that we lack jurisdiction to review the order

remanding the foreclosure matter. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1447(d), “[a]n order

remanding a case to the State court from which it was removed is not reviewable on

appeal or otherwise.” See Hudson United Bank v. LiTenda Mortg. Corp., 142 F.3d 151,

157 (3d Cir. 1998) (recognizing that, through § 1447(d), “Congress has fashioned an

exception to the general rule of review, and made a district court’s initial determination

that removal was inappropriate a nonreviewable one”). The Supreme Court has made

clear that “only remands based on grounds specified in [28 U.S.C.] § 1447(c) are immune

from review under § 1447(d).” Things Remembered, Inc. v. Petrarca, 516 U.S. 124, 127

(1995). The District Court’s order here remanded the foreclosure matter for lack of

subject-matter jurisdiction under § 1447(c). We thus lack jurisdiction to review that

portion of the Memorandum Order.1

       However, the complaint was not a notice of removal but rather an original action,2

1
  In light of this, we need not address the District Court’s alternative basis for remanding
the foreclosure matter – a procedural defect – which we would have jurisdiction to
review. See Ariel Land Owners, Inc. v. Dring, 351 F.3d 611, 613 (3d Cir. 2003)
(recognizing that remand under § 1447(c) based on a procedural defect “may only be
effected by a timely motion”).
2
 Rothman indicated on the civil cover sheet that the action was an “Original Proceeding”
based on the False Claims Act. Unlike in the foreclosure matter, where he was a
defendant, Rothman is the plaintiff in the complaint; the parties and the claims are also
different. Finally, he indicated in the complaint that he “intends to [r]emove” the
foreclosure action which is “related to this [d]ispute.” ECF No. 1 at 11.
                                              3
and the District Court appropriately treated it as such. See ECF No. 1-12. In its

Memorandum Order, the District Court considered the claims and dismissed them with

prejudice under § 1915(e)(2)(B). See ECF No. 5 at 3-5. That determination was final for

purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 1291. It was also separate and severable from the District

Court’s consideration of the July 2023 notice-of-removal letter and decision to remand,

although they were addressed in the same order; as such, it is reviewable by this Court.

See City of Waco v. U.S. Fid. & Guar. Co., 293 U.S. 140, 143 (1934) (recognizing that

§ 1447(d) does not preclude review of a concurrent order that is severable from the

remand order “in logic and fact”); Carr v. American Red Cross, 17 F.3d 671, 674-75 (3d

Cir. 1994) (“[W]e have embraced the principle that a district court cannot prevent

appellate review of a final [ ] order by contemporaneously remanding a case to state

court.”).

       Turning to the complaint, it sought to hold defendants civilly and criminally liable

for insurance fraud. Rothman claimed that the suit was “in the [p]ublic [i]nterest”

because the defendants were depriving the “American [p]ublic and [c]itizens” of the

federal funds. ECF No. 1 at 3. We agree with the District Court that Rothman in essence

asserted a False Claims Act “qui tam” suit. In such cases, the Government is the real

party in interest. See U.S. ex rel. Eisenstein v. City of N.Y., 556 U.S. 928, 934-35

(2009). Although a private person (the relator) may bring the suit on behalf of the

Government, see 31 U.S.C. § 3730(b)(1), circuit courts agree that a pro se litigant, like

Rothman, may not. See Wojcicki v. SCANA/SCE&G, 947 F.3d 240, 246 & n.4 (4th Cir.
                                             4
2020) (citing cases). Nor could Rothman, as a private citizen, compel enforcement of

criminal law. Diamond v. Charles, 476 U.S. 54, 64-65 (1986); see also Cent. Bank of

Denver v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, 511 U.S. 164, 190 (1994) (refusing to infer a

private right of action from a “bare criminal statute”). The District Court therefore

properly dismissed the complaint. And, because amendment to the complaint would be

futile, dismissal with prejudice was appropriate. Grayson v. Mayview State Hosp., 293

F.3d 103, 114 (3d Cir. 2002).

       Based on the foregoing, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment.3

3
  We note that, although Rothman filed a “2nd Brief and 2nd Mandamus Brief,” which
included a subsection titled “Stay/Injunction,” he did not request either mandamus or
injunctive relief.
                                             5