Court Opinion

ID: 4168199
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-05-12 20:03:44.994117+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:38:37.242057
License: Public Domain

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
                 To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

                United States Court of Appeals
                                For the Seventh Circuit
                                Chicago, Illinois 60604

                                Submitted May 12, 2017*
                                 Decided May 12, 2017

                                         Before

                            DIANE P. WOOD, Chief Judge

                             JOEL M. FLAUM, Circuit Judge

                            DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge

No. 16-3646

PAUL CHATMAN,                                   Appeal from the United States District
     Plaintiff-Appellant,                       Court for the Central District of Illinois.

      v.                                        No. 16-CV-1184

ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF                          Joe Billy McDade,
CORRECTIONS, et al.,                            Judge.
     Defendants-Appellees.

                                       ORDER

      Paul Chatman, a prisoner at Illinois River Correctional Center, claims in this suit
under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 that Department of Corrections employees violated the Eighth

      *
        The appellees were not served with process in the district court and are not
participating in this appeal. We have agreed to decide this case without oral argument
because the brief and record adequately present the facts and legal arguments, and oral
argument would not significantly aid the court. See FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
No. 16-3646                                                                         Page 2

Amendment during a shakedown of his cellblock. Chatman alleges that he was
subjected to a humiliating strip search, ridiculed and violently shoved by guards,
handcuffed outdoors for 90 minutes in freezing weather without adequate clothing,
and denied cleaning supplies for his cell after guards urinated on the floor and toilet.
The district court dismissed the suit at screening, see 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, reasoning that
Chatman’s allegations fail to state a constitutional claim. We disagree with this
conclusion and remand for the suit to proceed.

       For purposes of this appeal, we take as true Chatman’s allegations, including
statements in his appellate brief that are consistent with his complaint. See Smith v. Knox
Cnty Jail, 666 F.3d 1037, 1039 (7th Cir. 2012). On April 30, 2014, more than 200 guards
assigned to tactical units from Illinois River and other prisons—teams known by the
color of their jumpsuits as “Orange Crush”—descended on Chatman’s cellblock.
A shakedown had been prescheduled, so the tactical teams were not responding to an
emergency situation. Yet beginning at 8:00 a.m. Chatman and about 50 other inmates
were herded into a gated shower and, without any legitimate reason, strip-searched
individually by one of the defendants, a sergeant, in view of other prisoners and female
guards. During this search Chatman was forced to manipulate his buttocks and genitals
before being told to use his hands to hold open his mouth without an opportunity to
wash them first. After this search he was allowed to partially dress but forbidden to put
on his underwear, T-shirt, or socks. He was then forced to walk between a “phalanx” of
Orange Crush members while some violently pushed his head down and others
shouted taunts like, “You all deserve this.”

        That march ended outdoors in the prison yard, Chatman continues, where he
and the other inmates—none with coats—were made to stand while handcuffed to a
metal gate, close enough that Chatman’s skin adhered to the cold surface. For
90 minutes he remained outside in 30-degree weather with strong winds buffeting his
face and body and the handcuffs causing pain in his shoulders. The last 60 minutes of
this “agonizing frigid ordeal” was made worse by wind-blown water from a fire
hydrant that a prison employee had opened. Chatman heard one sergeant say to
another guard, “Hey, you know it’s cold out there?” and heard someone reply, “They
can deal with it.” The “bone chilling cold” aggravated Chatman’s asthma and caused
him difficulty breathing. When he complained to the guards, another of the defendants,
also a sergeant, replied, “Shut up, I don’t care.” A third defendant, again a sergeant,
walked into the yard several times observing, even asking if the guards posted there
needed assistance.
No. 16-3646                                                                           Page 3

        Chatman finally was led back to his cell but for another 40 minutes experienced
chills. The cell now smelled of urine that was visible on the toilet and floor, from which
Chatman concluded that guards had urinated in his cell to vandalize his living quarters.
He asked for materials to clean up the mess, but that request was refused.

       Chatman submitted a number of grievances, and after hearing nothing from the
grievance officer, he filed this action in April 2016, just before the statute of limitations
would run. He named as defendants the three sergeants, as well as the warden and
several lieutenants who allegedly knew about, but did not stop, the actions of their
subordinates. In concluding that no claim is stated by Chatman’s factual
allegations—which, again, at this stage we must take as truthful—the district court
reasoned that Chatman’s complaint lacks sufficient detail from which to plausibly infer
that the Eighth Amendment was violated by the manner in which he was strip-searched
and held in the prison yard. We do not agree.

        Illinois River is just one of six prisons rousted by Orange Crush units in the
spring of 2014, and, by our count, 27 pending lawsuits, including Chatman’s, allege
similar conduct by team members during these shakedowns. At least three cases similar
to Chatman’s already had survived § 1915A screening in the Central District of Illinois
before Chatman’s was dismissed. See Blakes v. Godinez, No. 16-CV-3107, 2016 WL
3976537 (C.D. Ill. July 22, 2016) (screening decision); Ephrain v. Gossett, No. 15-CV-3359,
2016 WL 3390659 (C.D. Ill. June 17, 2016) (screening decision); Ebmeyer v. Yurkovich,
No. 16-4056, 2016 WL 3093353 (C.D. Ill. June 1, 2016) (screening decision). And 20 other
suits in the Southern District of Illinois have been consolidated with a counseled case
currently under consideration for class certification. See Ross v. Gossett, No. 15-CV-309-
SMY-PMF (S.D. Ill. filed March 19, 2015). Chatman’s account of events is on par with
the allegations in these other suits, and we agree with him that his case also warrants an
answer from the defendants.

        The district court viewed Chatman’s complaint as presenting distinct claims
arising from the strip search and his confinement in the prison yard. But the conduct he
describes occurred sequentially in a few short hours, and it is more appropriate to see
his allegations as a single course of conduct involving the manner in which the
shakedown was conducted. Chatman alleges that he was unnecessarily subjected to a
degrading strip search in view of female guards and others, paraded outside into frigid
weather while being violently shoved and taunted, shackled and forced to stand
for 90 minutes in clothing unsuitable for the cold, told to “shut up” when he tried to
alert guards that the cold was making it difficult to breathe, and denied cleaning
No. 16-3646                                                                           Page 4

supplies for his cell after guards vandalized it with urine. Prison authorities violate the
Eighth Amendment when they treat inmates in a way that is “motivated by a desire to
harass or humiliate” or “intended to humiliate and cause psychological pain.” King v.
McCarty, 781 F.3d 889, 897 (7th Cir. 2015) (quoting Mays v. Springborn, 575 F.3d 643, 649
(7th Cir. 2009)); see Calhoun v. DeTella, 319 F.3d 936, 939 (7th Cir. 2003) (vacating § 1915A
dismissal of male prisoner’s Eighth Amendment claim that he was strip-searched in
view of female guards in a humiliating manner). Chatman’s allegations, read together
and construed liberally, surely suggest that the defendants engaged in gratuitous
degrading conduct.

        The district court’s reasons for concluding differently are flawed. For one,
concerning Chatman’s confinement outdoors, the court thought it significant that he
doesn’t allege lasting physical harm from his ordeal, but an enduring, or even
prolonged, injury is not a necessary element of his Eighth Amendment claim. See Dixon
v. Godinez, 114 F.3d 640, 644 (7th Cir. 1997) (“Cold temperatures need not imminently
threaten inmates’ health to violate the Eighth Amendment.”); Del Raine v. Williford,
32 F.3d 1024, 1031, 1034 (7th Cir. 1994) (concluding that even short exposure to bitter
cold may violate Eighth Amendment). The district court also reasoned that Chatman’s
allegations do not plausibly suggest that the defendants lacked a legitimate penological
reason for shackling him outside in the cold. To the contrary, we have difficulty
imagining a legitimate reason for taking prisoners outside in freezing, windy weather
without letting them don coats or even put on all the clothes they were wearing before
they were searched and then dousing them with water while they stand handcuffed to a
fence incapable of warming themselves or even getting out of the path of the wind-
blown water. As Chatman observes, the shakedown was scheduled, not conducted under
extenuating circumstances, eroding further any possible inference that what happened
to the inmates outside in the yard was necessary or acceptable. The defendants may
dispute some of Chatman’s allegations. Or perhaps they will articulate a latent but
justifiable reason for their actions, and, if so, the burden will shift to Chatman to call
that explanation into question. See Mays, 575 F.3d at 647. But at this stage Chatman’s
allegations suffice to state an Eighth Amendment claim.

        That is true, too, about the strip search. The district court faulted Chatman for
not including in his complaint more details concerning the manner in which the
strip search was conducted and the length of time he was denied cleaning supplies. Yet
a complaint requires only a “short and plain statement,” not details, FED. R. CIV.
P. 8(a)(2), and Chatman’s complaint says more than enough from which to plausibly
infer that this was not an ordinary strip search. See Mays, 575 F.3d at 649–50; Calhoun,
No. 16-3646                                                                            Page 5

319 F.3d at 939; Meriwether v. Faulkner, 821 F.2d 408, 418 (7th Cir. 1987). Moreover, if a
pro se complaint really is too sparse, the district court should allow the plaintiff to
amend to cure the perceived deficiency before dismissing the action with prejudice.
Perez v. Fenoglio, 792 F.3d 768, 783 (7th Cir. 2015); Powers v. Snyder, 484 F.3d 929, 933 (7th
Cir. 2007). That did not happen here.

        Accordingly, the judgment dismissing Chatman’s lawsuit is VACATED, and the
case is REMANDED for further proceedings. Given this result Chatman has not
incurred any strikes for this litigation. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). On remand Chatman
shall be permitted, if he chooses, to amend his complaint “once as a matter of course”
and thereafter as justice requires. See FED. R. CIV. P. 15(a).