Court Opinion

ID: 9586501
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-21 23:12:08.547987+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:32:41.409216
License: Public Domain

Evans, Judge,
dissenting. This is a "dog-biting” case, wherein the lower court granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment, and the majority opinion affirms that judgment. I dissent.
It is undisputed that the defendants, Mr. and Mrs. Green, ' owned two dogs, one of which was allowed to roam in perfect freedom, while the other dog was confined to defendants’ backyard. The dog that was kept confined made a very vicious attack upon a five-year-old child, about the head and face, resulting .in injury *560and damage, and the present action was instituted as a consequence thereof.
The sole issue involved here is as to whether the defendants had notice of the vicious propensities of their dog. Each of the joint defendants testified they had no such knowledge, although there was testimony that this dog had a reputation in the neighborhood for being vicious. On the issue of knowledge by defendants, plaintiff testified that a neighbor, Mrs. Milton Thomason, told plaintiff that Mrs. Green, defendant, had related to her the following: "A. She told me that she had gone over one day to borrow a wheelbarrow, and Mrs. Green told her to not come in the yard, that the dog would bite her . . . Q. Did Mrs. Thomason state that Mrs. Green or Mr. Green had told her not to come in - the yard, at the time she came over to borrow the wheelbarrow incident? A. Mrs. Green . . . Q. What exactly did Mrs. Thomason say that Mrs. Green said? A. Said that — don’t come in the yard, that the dog would bite her — the dog would bite.” Further, a Mrs. Robert Wilson had told plaintiff the same dog had attacked her: "... that the dog had come in her yard one day . . . and she stomped her foot at the dog to go on and he growled at her and she said she stomped again, you know, to shoo him out and he commenced to chase her up the back steps into the house ...”
By affidavit this witness also testified: "... that the dog 'Snowball’ bared its teeth, snarled and came after deponent. Further deponent states that in fear she ran from the dog, who chased after her until deponent was able to return into her house and close the door between herself and the dog 'Snowball.’” No effort was made to secure the affidavit or deposition of the neighbor, Mrs. Thomason. It might be argued that it was incumbent upon the plaintiff to come forward with this witness, but where a defendant seeks to eliminate every jury issue from the case by motion for summary judgment, such movant for summary judgment assumes an enormous burden. In seeking to avoid a jury trial, movant for summary judgment is required by law to show there is no issue for the jury to pass upon. And as was held in the well-known and often-quoted case of Holland v. Sanfax Corp., 106 Ga. App. 1, 4 (126 SE2d 442): "The burden is upon the moving party to establish the lack of a genuine issue of fact and the right to a *561judgment as a matter of law, and any doubt as to the existence of such an issue is resolved against the movant . . . The party opposing the motion is to be given the benefit of all reasonable doubts in determining whether a genuine issue exists and the trial court must give that party the benefit of all favorable inferences that may be drawn from the evidence.” (Emphasis supplied). What inference arises from the failure of either party to produce the testimony of Mrs. Thomason, who was a neighbor to both plaintiff and defendants? The obvious inference is that both plaintiff and defendant were negligent in not producing this witness; or that both were not sure whether her testimony would favor or injure the party who produced the witness. In such cases, as is recited in Holland, supra, "the trial court must give that party [respondent] the benefit of all favorable inferences that may be drawn from the evidence” — and one inference favorable to respondent-plaintiff was that defendants failed to produce this witness in their effort to dissipate all jury issues — because the witness would testify that Mrs. Green, defendant, had knowledge that her dog was vicious, and had told Mrs. Thomason about that knowledge. The testimony of plaintiff as to Mrs. Thomason’s statement about Mrs. Green’s conversation with her was clearly admissible as to the reputation in the neighborhood of the dog for viciousness. In many cases, hearsay testimony becomes original evidence, and is not subject to objection as being secondary evidence. Code § 38-302. Reputation may be proven by hearsay. Code § 38-303. Matters of "public interest” may be proven by reputation, and such testimony may come from persons who are not members of the family. In the case of Drawdy v. Hesters, 130 Ga. 161, 162 (60 SE2d 451, 15 LRA (NS) 190), it was held: "The fact of marriage is a matter of public interest, and gexieral repute in the community is admissible upon such an issue. In Hubback’s Ev. of Suc. 244, 48 Law Lib. 182, it is said 'Reputation of marriage, unlike that of other matters of pedigree, may proceed from persons who are not members of the family.’” (Emphasis supplied). Surely, the viciousness of a dog in the neighborhood is a matter of public interest to those persons residing in that neighborhood, and may be proven by persons "not members of the family.”
In Miller v. State, 9 Ga. App. 827 (72 SE 279) it is held that *562proof of marriage may be shown prima facie by proof of general repute in the family or by proof of general reputation in the community. In the case of Bryan v. Walton, 20 Ga. 480 (2) it is held that "Evidence of general reputation, reputed ownership, public rumor, general notoriety and the'like, is original evidence and not hearsay, and is admissible in certain cases.”
If the evidence in question had been offered solely to prove an admission by the defendant against' interest, it might have been objectionable as hearsay;- but where offered as was done here, it was admissible to prove reputation.
And what does proof of reputation establish? As held in the cases above cited,.it proves the fact of marriage, etc., and in the case sub judice, proof of reputation was sufficient to authorize the jury to find that the defendant had heard of the vicious reputation of. her dog, and consequently had knowledge of the dangerous and vicious propensities of her dog, which she had confined to. her backyard.
The trial court erred in granting summary judgment for defendants.