Court Opinion

ID: 2672933
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-05-08 05:03:06.596875+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:19:55.019238
License: Public Domain

Case: 13-40458      Document: 00512621558         Page: 1    Date Filed: 05/07/2014

           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

                                      No. 13-40458                       United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                  Fifth Circuit

                                                                                FILED
CHESAPEAKE LOUISIANA, L.P.,                                                  May 7, 2014
                                                                           Lyle W. Cayce
                                                 Plaintiff - Appellee           Clerk
v.

BUFFCO PRODUCTION, INC.; TWIN RESOURCES, LLC; WAYNE E.
FREEMAN; FREEMAN CAPITAL, LTD.; FREEMAN RESOURCES, LTD.;
FRM GP, LLC,

                                                 Defendants - Appellants

FRANK M. BUFKIN III,

                                                 Intervenor Defendant - Appellant
v.

HARLETON OIL & GAS, INCORPORATED,

                                                 Intervenor - Appellant - Appellee

                  Appeals from the United States District Court
                        for the Eastern District of Texas
                             USDC No. 2:10-CV-359

Before HIGGINBOTHAM, DAVIS, and HAYNES, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*

       * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
CIR. R. 47.5.4.
    Case: 13-40458      Document: 00512621558       Page: 2    Date Filed: 05/07/2014

                                    No. 13-40458
      Asserting     diversity    jurisdiction,    Chesapeake       Louisiana,     L.P.
(“Chesapeake”) brought several state-law claims against (1) Freeman Capital,
Ltd. (“Freeman Capital”); (2) Buffco Production, Inc. and Twin Resources, LLC
(collectively, “Buffco”); and (3) Wayne E. Freeman, Freeman Resources, Ltd.,
and FRM GP, LLC (collectively, “Freeman”) seeking to recover its alleged
overpayment for an assignment of the deep rights in the Geisler Unit property.
Buffco, Freeman, and Freeman Capital counterclaimed, alleging that
Chesapeake was required to purchase their interests in various properties
referred to as the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units. Harleton Oil & Gas, Inc.
(“Harleton”), the holder of 50% of the deep rights in the Geisler Unit,
intervened and asserted various claims against Chesapeake, Freeman, and
Buffco.
      The district court granted summary judgment in favor of Chesapeake
and Harleton with respect to the Geisler Unit claims and in favor of
Chesapeake with respect to the claims concerning the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow
Units. However, because Harleton’s proper alignment as a plaintiff-intervenor
destroys subject-matter jurisdiction, we VACATE the district court’s summary
judgment decision with respect to the Geisler Unit claims and REMAND the
matter for a determination of whether Harleton is an indispensable party. We
AFFIRM the court’s decision with respect to the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow
Units, as to which an independent ground for jurisdiction exists.
                     I. Factual and Procedural Background
      Chesapeake sued Freeman and Buffco, 1 essentially seeking to recover an
overpayment it had made to them.           This alleged overpayment involved a
transaction that arose out of a July 31, 2008 Letter Agreement (the “Letter

      1 Chesapeake also sued Freeman Capital but subsequently abandoned its claim after
discovering that Freeman Capital had not received any portion of the $13.6 million that
Chesapeake had paid for the Geisler Unit.
                                          2
    Case: 13-40458    Document: 00512621558     Page: 3   Date Filed: 05/07/2014

                                No. 13-40458
Agreement”) entered into between Chesapeake and Buffco.             The Letter
Agreement provided that Chesapeake would pay approximately $232 million
to acquire an assignment of Buffco’s working interests in the deep rights of
several oil and gas properties in Texas for a period of three years. These
properties included, among others, the Geisler Unit and the Bowen, Hemby,
and Yow Units. The Letter Agreement contained a “Non-Ops Clause” through
which Chesapeake agreed to make the same offer (with the same terms) to the
owners of the non-operating working interests of these properties. The non-
operating working interest owners included Freeman, Freeman Capital, and
Harleton.
      Based on faulty information from a third party to the effect that Buffco
and Freeman each owned 50% interests in the Geisler Unit, Chesapeake paid
Buffco and Freeman $6.8 million in exchange for what Chesapeake believed
was 100% of the deep rights below the Geisler Unit. The parties now agree
that the proper allocation of the working interests in the Geisler Unit was
actually: Buffco with 25%, Freeman with 22%, Freeman Capital with 3%, and
Harleton with 50%. As a result, Chesapeake only received a 47% interest in
the deep rights of the Geisler Unit. Chesapeake and Buffco agreed not to go
forward with the transaction involving the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units,
which was scheduled for a later closing date.
      After Chesapeake sued to recover its overpayment, Freeman, Freeman
Capital, and Buffco counterclaimed, alleging that Chesapeake breached the
Letter Agreement by failing to purchase the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units.
Freeman Capital also claimed that Chesapeake breached the Letter
Agreement by failing to purchase its 3% interest in the Geisler Unit.
      Harleton intervened pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
24(a)(2). Boiled down to its essentials, Harleton sought 50% of the $13.6
million Chesapeake paid to Buffco and Freeman, and in exchange Harleton
                                      3
     Case: 13-40458         Document: 00512621558            Page: 4      Date Filed: 05/07/2014

                                          No. 13-40458
would convey its interest in the Geisler Unit to Chesapeake. Harleton also
asserted various fraud claims against Buffco based on Buffco’s alleged
misrepresentations to Chesapeake concerning its interests in the Geisler Unit
and to Harleton concerning its offer to purchase Harleton’s interests in the
Geisler Unit. No party asserted a claim or counterclaim against Harleton.
       Chesapeake and Buffco settled, and the district court dismissed all the
claims between them. The district court then entered summary judgment
based on the parties’ various motions, ruling that: (1) Freeman, Freeman
Capital, and Harleton were third-party beneficiaries of the Letter Agreement
such that they could enforce the “Non-Ops Clause”; (2) Buffco and Freeman
were unjustly enriched by the portion of the $13.6 million payment from
Chesapeake that is attributable to the 53% of the Geisler Unit owned by
Harleton and Freeman Capital and that a constructive trust should be imposed
on that portion of the funds; (3) Harleton and Freeman Capital should convey
their interests in the Geisler Unit to Chesapeake after receiving the funds from
Buffco and Freeman; (4) Chesapeake was not entitled to any repayment of the
$13.6 million; (5) Freeman and Freeman Capital’s claims against Chesapeake
concerning the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units failed as a matter of law; (6)
Harleton’s fraud claims against Buffco survive; 2 and (7) Harleton and Freeman
Capital are entitled to recover pre-judgment interest against Buffco and
Freeman.
       Following the district court’s summary judgment ruling, Freeman and
Freeman Capital filed a Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter
Jurisdiction, asserting that Harleton’s intervention destroyed diversity
because it is properly aligned as a plaintiff and its status as an indispensable

       2  In entering final judgment, the district court severed Harleton's fraud claims and made them
the subject of a separate action.
                                                  4
    Case: 13-40458      Document: 00512621558        Page: 5    Date Filed: 05/07/2014

                                    No. 13-40458
party required the court to dismiss the action. The motion asserted that the
district court lacked jurisdiction over the claims related to the Geisler Unit and
the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units.
      The district court denied the motion, aligning Harleton as a defendant-
intervenor. As a result, the court concluded, federal jurisdiction existed under
28 U.S.C. § 1332 and, therefore, an analysis of whether supplemental
jurisdiction arose under 28 U.S.C. § 1367 was unnecessary.                   Freeman,
Freeman Capital, Buffco, and Harleton 3 timely appealed.
                               II. Geisler Unit Claims
      As a court of limited jurisdiction, we must first satisfy ourselves,
independent of the district court’s determination, that subject-matter
jurisdiction exists over the parties’ claims related to the Geisler Unit. See
Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994); Silver
Star Enters., Inc. v. M/V Saramacca, 19 F.3d 1008, 1013 n.6 (5th Cir. 1994).
As proponents of jurisdiction, Chesapeake and Harleton carry the burden of
establishing jurisdiction. See Kokkonen, 511 U.S. at 377. Here, only two
potential sources of jurisdiction exist: § 1332 (diversity) and § 1367
(supplemental). As the parties correctly acknowledge, diversity jurisdiction
existed over the suit prior to Harleton’s intervention; 4 however, we must
consider whether Harleton’s intervention destroyed diversity such that the
district court lacked jurisdiction over this matter.
      We begin by determining whether Harleton is properly aligned as a
defendant-intervenor (as the district court concluded) or a plaintiff-intervenor.
Our generally accepted test for alignment places the parties with the same

      3     Harleton also asserted an alternative claim that we do not reach due to our
jurisdictional ruling.

      4 Specifically, Chesapeake was a citizen of Oklahoma and Freeman, Freeman Capital,
and Buffco were citizens of Texas and the amount in controversy exceeded $75,000.
                                           5
     Case: 13-40458      Document: 00512621558         Page: 6    Date Filed: 05/07/2014

                                      No. 13-40458
“ultimate interests” in the litigation on the same side. Griffin v. Lee, 621 F.3d
380, 388 (5th Cir. 2010). To that end, we must “look beyond the pleadings, and
arrange the parties according to their sides in the dispute” to ensure that the
parties have a “collision of interest[s]” over the “principal purpose of the suit”
and the “primary and controlling matter in dispute.” City of Indianapolis v.
Chase Nat’l Bank of City of N.Y., 314 U.S. 63, 69 (1941) (citation and internal
quotation marks omitted); see also Griffin, 621 F.3d at 388.
       Here, the principal purpose of the suit and the primary and controlling
matter in dispute suggest that Harleton is a plaintiff.               The district court
concluded that Harleton was a defendant after noting that “Harleton and
Chesapeake could not be classified as sharing the same interest in the suit
because both are openly competing to capture the same pot of money.”
However, the conclusion that Chesapeake and Harleton were adverse in
seeking to recover the “same pot of money” belies the fact that both parties only
wanted to recover money from Buffco and Freeman to ensure that Harleton
received payment and Chesapeake received Harleton’s interest in the Geisler
Unit. Whether this was done directly by Buffco and Freeman paying Harleton
who would then convey its interest to Chesapeake or by refunding part of
Chesapeake’s payment such that Chesapeake could then purchase Harleton’s
interest in practicality did not matter to Chesapeake and Harleton.
       Harleton’s proper alignment as a plaintiff-intervenor is further
illustrated by the fact that the summary judgment order awarded relief to both
Harleton and Chesapeake, and both Harleton and Chesapeake are essentially
aligned on appeal in seeking affirmance of the order. 5 Further, Harleton

       5 Indeed, the district court’s award of summary judgment relief against Freeman and
Buffco in favor of Harleton renders unavailing Harleton’s argument that it should be aligned
as a defendant because its claims against Freeman and Buffco are merely “collateral to the
principal dispute—the enforceability of the contract.” Harleton’s claims against Freeman
and Buffco cannot be merely collateral for purposes of determining jurisdiction when they
                                             6
     Case: 13-40458       Document: 00512621558          Page: 7     Date Filed: 05/07/2014

                                       No. 13-40458
affirmatively seeks to be aligned with Chesapeake in certain circumstances,
such as when it argues that its unjust enrichment claim is timely because its
claim can relate back to the timely unjust enrichment claim filed by
Chesapeake. Finally, while Harleton brought a claim against Chesapeake, 6
Buffco, and Freeman, no party has brought a claim against Harleton, and
Harleton has no potential for liability. Such a lack of potential for liability
against a party suggests that the party should be aligned as a plaintiff. See 16
JAMES WM. MOORE ET AL., MOORE’S FEDERAL PRACTICE § 106.46 (3d ed. 2013)
(“The intervenor must be potentially liable to the plaintiff on the primary claim
in order to be treated as a defendant to whom supplemental jurisdiction may
apply under Section 1367(b). An intervening plaintiff within the subsection is
a party who voluntarily chooses to intervene in an ongoing federal action to
assert its own affirmative claims.”).             Indeed, Harleton intervened to seek
affirmative relief, not to protect its interests as a defendant. Therefore, based
on the nature of Harleton’s claim, it is proper to align it with Chesapeake as a
plaintiff-intervenor.
       Having determined that Harleton should have been aligned as a
plaintiff-intervenor, we are bound to conclude that the district court lacked

are the principal source of relief for Harleton under the summary judgment order. See
Indianapolis, 314 U.S. at 69 (observing that in aligning the parties, courts must look to the
“realities of the record” and “look beyond the pleadings and arrange the parties according to
their sides in the dispute”).
        6 The fact that Harleton filed a claim against Chesapeake does not mean that the

parties’ interests were not overall aligned vis-à-vis Freeman and Buffco. For instance, in
Griffin, an attorney seeking to recover fees for his representation of a beneficiary through a
lien on the beneficiary’s trust was properly aligned with the beneficiary as a plaintiff-
intervenor as both parties sought recovery from the trust. See Griffin, 621 F.3d at 383, 388.
This alignment was appropriate despite the fact that the attorney also sought relief from the
beneficiary. See id.; see also Dev. Fin. Corp. v. Alpha Hous. & Health Care, Inc., 54 F.3d 156,
159-60 (3d Cir. 1995) (although the interests of the original plaintiff and intervenor were
“nominally” in conflict, the intervenor was still best aligned as a plaintiff when the “actual
adversity of interest” pitted the intervenor against the original defendants).
                                              7
    Case: 13-40458     Document: 00512621558     Page: 8   Date Filed: 05/07/2014

                                  No. 13-40458
diversity jurisdiction over the Geisler Unit claims. First, original jurisdiction
under § 1332 was destroyed because the parties were no longer diverse—
specifically, Harleton (plaintiff) and Buffco and Freeman (defendants) are all
citizens of Texas. See Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Allapattah Servs., Inc., 545 U.S.
546, 553 (2005) (“In a case with multiple plaintiffs and multiple defendants,
the presence in the action of a single plaintiff from the same State as a single
defendant deprives the district court of original diversity jurisdiction over the
entire action.”). Second, § 1367(a)’s supplemental subject-matter jurisdiction
provision does not afford jurisdiction over the Geisler Unit claims because
Harleton’s participation as a plaintiff-intervenor would be inconsistent with
the requirements of § 1332. See § 1367(b); see also Griffin, 621 F.3d at 386–87
(“[W]hile Congress codified the concepts of pendent and ancillary jurisdiction
in § 1367(a), it apparently chose to circumscribe such jurisdiction in § 1367(b)
with respect to plaintiff intervenors.”).
      Therefore, because there was no subject-matter jurisdiction over the
parties’ Geisler Unit claims following Harleton’s intervention, we must vacate
the grant of summary judgment with respect to the Geisler Unit claims. We
remand these claims to allow the district court to consider in the first instance
whether Harleton is an indispensable party such that dismissal of the entire
action concerning the Geisler Unit is required. See Brown v. Pac. Life Ins. Co.,
462 F.3d 384, 393–94 (5th Cir. 2006) (“If a person who qualifies under Rule
19(a) cannot be made a party because, for example, joinder would destroy
subject-matter jurisdiction, a federal court must determine whether that
person is ‘indispensable.’”).
                  III. Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units Claims
      We turn next to the district court’s denial of relief on Freeman and
Freeman Capital’s counterclaims with respect to the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow

                                        8
     Case: 13-40458       Document: 00512621558          Page: 9     Date Filed: 05/07/2014

                                       No. 13-40458
Units. 7 Freeman and Freeman Capital acknowledge on appeal that they have
waived any argument concerning the merits of the district court’s decision,
arguing instead that the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units are compulsory-
counterclaims that must be dismissed because subject-matter jurisdiction is
lacking with respect to the Geisler Unit claims.
       When an independent basis for jurisdiction exists with respect to a
counterclaim, a federal court may adjudicate the claim even if the original
claim was dismissed for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. McLaughlin v.
Miss. Power Co., 376 F.3d 344, 355 (5th Cir. 2004); see also Kuehne & Nagel
(AG & Co) v. Geosource, Inc., 874 F.2d 283, 291 (5th Cir. 1989); 8 6 CHARLES A.
WRIGHT, ARTHUR R. MILLER, & MARY KAY KANE, FEDERAL PRACTICE AND
PROCEDURE § 1414, at 130 (3d ed. 2010) (“If the counterclaim does present an
independent basis of federal jurisdiction, however, the court may adjudicate it
as if it were an original claim despite the dismissal of plaintiff’s claim.”).

       7Notably, Harleton did not assert any interest in or claim involving these units, nor
has any party suggested that Harleton is an indispensable party with respect to these claims.
Therefore, our analysis of Harleton’s intervention has no effect on our consideration of
Freeman and Freeman Capital’s claims regarding the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units.

       8  Freeman and Freeman Capital urge that we not rely on Kuehne, arguing that it
conflicts with our earlier-decided opinion in City of Houston v. Standard-Triumph Motor Co.,
347 F.2d 194 (5th Cir. 1965). However, Kuehne does not conflict with and indeed cites to
Standard-Triumph Motor, among other cases, for the proposition that a counterclaim need
not be dismissed when supported by an independent ground for jurisdiction. See Kuehne, 874
F.2d at 291. Even if they did conflict with respect to whether a counterclaim can proceed
when supported by an independent basis for jurisdiction, our rule of orderliness requires us
to follow the earlier-decided case of Haberman v. Equitable Life Assurance Society of the
United States, 224 F.2d 401 (5th Cir. 1955), where we held that a compulsory counterclaim
could proceed to a final judgment on the merits, even if the court lacked jurisdiction over the
primary claim, because diversity jurisdiction supported the counterclaim. See 224 F.2d at
409 (“[E]ven if the complaint be dismissed, a compulsory counterclaim is not required to be
dismissed where it is supported by a proper ground of federal jurisdiction.”); see also United
States v. Wheeler, 322 F.3d 823, 828 n.1 (5th Cir. 2003) (explaining that when “two previous
holdings or lines of precedent conflict, the earlier opinion controls and is the binding
precedent in the circuit” (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)).
                                              9
   Case: 13-40458     Document: 00512621558      Page: 10   Date Filed: 05/07/2014

                                 No. 13-40458
      Here, an independent basis for subject-matter jurisdiction based on
§ 1332 exists for the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units claims. The parties were
completely diverse as Freeman and Freeman Capital were citizens of Texas
and Chesapeake was a citizen of Oklahoma. Harleton did not destroy diversity
with respect to these claims because its claims were limited to the Geisler Unit.
Further, the amount in controversy with respect to these claims exceeded
$75,000. Therefore, because Freeman and Freeman Capital’s only challenge
on appeal rests on their jurisdictional argument, we affirm the district court’s
decision concerning the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units.
                                IV. Conclusion
      We VACATE and REMAND the district court’s summary judgment
decision with respect to the Geisler Unit claims and AFFIRM the court’s
decision with respect to the Bowen, Hemby, and Yow Units claims.

                                       10