Court Opinion

ID: 4156331
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-03-29 14:13:15.500159+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:29:52.055929
License: Public Domain

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Rashida Mathis,                     :
                         Petitioner :
                                    :
             v.                     : No. 486 C.D. 2016
                                    : Submitted: November 23, 2016
Workers' Compensation Appeal        :
Board (Southeastern Pennsylvania    :
Transportation Authority),          :
                         Respondent :

BEFORE:       HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
              HONORABLE JULIA K. HEARTHWAY, Judge
              HONORABLE JOSEPH M. COSGROVE, Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE SIMPSON                              FILED: March 29, 2017

              Rashida Mathis (Claimant) petitions for review of an order of the
Workers' Compensation Appeal Board (Board) that affirmed an order of a
Workers' Compensation Judge (WCJ) granting her claim petition for cervical and
lumbar sprains and strains for a limited period during 2011. Claimant contends the
Board erred in affirming the WCJ’s decision because the WCJ failed to issue a
reasoned decision as required by Section 422(a) of the Workers' Compensation Act
(Act).1 In particular, Claimant asserts the WCJ failed to set forth the reasons why
she rejected the testimony of one of Claimant’s medical witnesses who opined that
Claimant suffered from ongoing work-related injuries. Upon review, we affirm.

       1
          Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §834. To satisfy Section 422(a), a
WCJ’s decision must permit adequate appellate review. Gumm v. Workers' Comp. Appeal Bd.
(Steel), 942 A.2d 222 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008).
                                   I. Background
                                    A. Evidence
            The WCJ found the following facts. Claimant worked for the
Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA or Employer) as a
bus operator. In May 2011, while searching a bus for a missing wallet, Claimant
slipped on steps near the back exit of the bus and fell backward. She twisted her
left ankle, and struck her head, neck and lower back. She also lost consciousness.
An ambulance transported Claimant to the emergency room. At the hospital,
Claimant received medication, and she was discharged.          Shortly thereafter,
Claimant notified her supervisor that she suffered a work-related injury. Claimant
also completed and signed an Operator’s Accident Report.

            In June 2011, Employer filed a notice of compensation denial denying
that Claimant suffered a work-related injury in May 2011. However, Employer
also introduced a statement of wages indicating Claimant’s average weekly wage
of $1,126.72 with a compensation rate of $751.18.

            In response, Claimant filed a claim petition alleging injuries to her
head, neck, back, left ankle and foot sustained on May 24 2011, when she slipped
and fell in the course of her employment. Employer filed an answer denying
Claimant’s material allegations.

            Claimant testified by deposition that she treated with a panel
physician for approximately one month before she began treatment with Dr.
Frances C. Hunter (Claimant’s Physician), her primary care physician. Claimant’s

                                        2
Physician prescribed physical therapy three times per week along with Oxycodone
and Xanax for Claimant’s pain complaints. Claimant remained unable to return to
work in any capacity because she could not sit for a long period of time, turn her
neck, or drive. Claimant also treated with Dr. Sophia Lam for pain management of
her neck and lower back.

             Claimant also testified before the WCJ in November 2012.           She
alleged continued pain radiating from her neck down her left arm, and from her
low back down her left leg. Claimant stated she thought she could return to work
in a sedentary capacity. However, Claimant denied that she had the ability to
return to her pre-injury bus driver position. In particular, Claimant noted that her
medications, Percocet and Xanax, precluded her from driving a SEPTA bus.

             In addition, Claimant acknowledged the occurrence of three prior
work-related accidents, one of which happened in 2009 and involved her head,
neck, and back.       However, Claimant ultimately returned to work without
restrictions following these injuries.

             Claimant also acknowledged several disciplinary issues and write-ups
at SEPTA in 2010 and 2011. These included her involvement in two motor vehicle
accidents involving a SEPTA bus.

             In support of her petition, Claimant presented the deposition
testimony of her Physician, who practices internal and family medicine. She first
examined Claimant in June 2011. She diagnosed Claimant with cervical, thoracic

                                         3
and lumbar sprain and strain, left ankle/foot sprain and strain, and radiculopathy in
Claimant’s upper and lower extremities. Claimant’s Physician related all these
injuries to Claimant’s May 2011 slip and fall work incident.

             As discussed above, Claimant’s Physician prescribed Xanax and
Oxycodone for Claimant’s pain. She also prescribed physical therapy three times a
week. In August 2011, Claimant underwent MRIs of her cervical and lumbar
spine. The MRIs showed degenerative disc disease, arthritis, and herniations in
Claimant’s cervical and lumbar spine. Claimant’s Physician also referred Claimant
to Dr. Lam for pain management.

             Further, Claimant’s Physician denied that Claimant’s sprain and strain
injuries resolved, despite the fact that she made such a statement in an October 24,
2011 report. Also, Claimant’s Physician did not order an EMG to confirm her
diagnosis of cervical and lumbar radiculopathy, which was based on Claimant’s
subjective complaints. In addition, Claimant’s Physician admitted that she was
unaware of Claimant’s prior neck and low back injuries and that in 2009 Claimant
received treatment for these injuries from Dr. Mark Avart, the same doctor that
Claimant’s Physician referred Claimant to for treatment of her 2011 work injury.

             Claimant also submitted the deposition testimony of Dr. Lam, a
board-certified anesthesiologist with a sub-practice in pain management. Dr. Lam
first examined Claimant in October 2011, more than four months after the work
incident. At that time, Claimant denied any prior neck or low back injuries.
Claimant complained of neck pain radiating down her left arm. She also denied

                                         4
the ability to lift anything or perform repetitive motions with her left arm.
Claimant also complained of ongoing low back problems.

             Dr. Lam’s physical examination revealed a limited range of motion in
Claimant’s cervical and lumbar spine.       The doctor also noted evidence of
radiculopathy in Claimant’s upper and lower extremities.         After reviewing
Claimant’s MRI studies, Dr. Lam opined that Claimant sustained herniations at
C5-6 and L1-2. Dr. Lam also observed evidence on the MRI of degenerative disc
disease at those vertebrae.

             Notably, Dr. Lam treated Claimant on three occasions between
October 2011 and February 2012. She diagnosed Claimant with cervical and
lumbar sprains and strains, and herniations at C5-6 and L1-2, along with
accompanying radiculopathy. Dr. Lam opined Claimant cannot return to work as a
SEPTA bus driver.

             In opposition to Claimant’s petition, Employer submitted the
deposition testimony of two physicians who performed independent medical
evaluations (IMEs) of Claimant. Dr. Richard I. Katz (IME Neurologist), a board-
certified neurologist and neurophysiologist, examined Claimant on January 23,
2012. Claimant presented with complaints of ongoing pain in her head, neck, low
back, and left foot and ankle. Claimant also complained of diminished sensation in
her hands and fingers.

                                        5
             IME Neurologist found Claimant’s neurological examination to be
completely normal. He discovered no objective findings of any radiculopathy in
either Claimant’s neck or lower back. He also disputed Dr. Lam’s diagnosis of
radiculopathy because Dr. Lam based her diagnosis on Claimant’s subjective
complaints, not on any objective findings.

             Further, IME Neurologist determined Claimant did not sustain any
work-related injuries as a result of her May 2011 slip and fall. At the most,
Claimant sustained sprain and strain injuries from the fall. As of his January 23,
2012 examination, IME Neurologist opined, Claimant fully recovered from any
and all injuries, including any sprain and strains. After reviewing Claimant’s job
description as a SEPTA bus operator, IME Neurologist opined Claimant could
return to her pre-injury position without restrictions.

             Employer also submitted the deposition testimony of Dr. Menachem
M. Meller (IME Orthopedist), a board-certified orthopedic surgeon who examined
Claimant on January 27, 2012. When providing her history to IME Orthopedist,
Claimant denied any prior injuries. However, IME Orthopedist reviewed medical
records from Dr. Avart showing Claimant sustained neck and lower back injuries
in a 2009 motor vehicle accident. Those records indicated Claimant had ongoing
pain complaints for six months following the 2009 injury.

             IME Orthopedist also reviewed Claimant’s records from the hospital
emergency room and from Claimant’s Physician, which showed no evidence of
trauma and indicated that all imaging studies were normal. IME Orthopedist’s

                                           6
physical examination revealed only non-specific complaints of pain by Claimant.
Further, the doctor found no evidence of tenderness or swelling in Claimant’s
neck, lower back or left foot and ankle. IME Orthopedist made no objective
findings of any work-related injuries during examination. He opined Claimant
could return to her pre-injury job as a bus driver without restrictions or the need for
any additional medical treatment.

             In sum, IME Orthopedist opined that if Claimant sustained any
injuries from an alleged slip and fall, they were only in the nature of sprain and
strains.   Moreover, they fully resolved as of the date of IME Orthopedist’s
examination.

             Employer also presented testimony from two fact witnesses, members
of Employer’s management, regarding Claimant’s disciplinary history with
Employer. However, the WCJ found their testimony to be equivocal because
Employer did not terminate Claimant prior to her work injury.

                                 B. WCJ’s Decision
             After reviewing the evidence, the WCJ made the following dispositive
finding as to Claimant’s injuries (with emphasis added):

             10. Having reviewed all of the evidence of record, this
             Judge finds that Claimant did suffer a work injury on
             May 24, 2011, as documented by the emergency room
             records. However, those same records confirm there was
             no swelling about the foot and ankle upon examination
             on the day of the injury and that she was unsure if she
             had hit her head at that time. In addition, Claimant was
             not forthcoming to her physicians that she had pre-

                                          7
            existing injuries to her neck and back. The opinions of
            [Claimant’s Physician] and Dr. Lam, who were unaware
            of the prior injuries, are accepted as credible in part. This
            Judge finds that Claimant did sustain lumbar and cervical
            sprains and strains as a result of the work injury, but also
            finds that Claimant had recovered from said injuries as of
            October 24, 2011. This Judge does not find that
            Claimant sustained any injuries to her head or to her right
            ankle and foot as alleged, and this Judge does not find
            that Claimant’s cervical and lumbar sprains and strains
            aggravated any underlying condition seen on MRI study
            or caused any type of radiculopathy. [Claimant’s
            Physician] testified that her October 24, 2011 report
            indicating that Claimant’s sprain and strain injuries had
            resolved was incorrect and was a typo, however, this
            Judge rejects [Claimant’s Physician’s] testimony as not
            credible since October 24, 2011 report is consistent with
            her October 10, 2011 report which notes an improvement
            of Claimant’s sprain and strain injuries and states that
            they are ‘resolving.’ ([See Dep. of Dr. Meller, 7/24/12, at
            23-24; R.R. at 240-41]). Furthermore, [Claimant’s
            Physician’s] opinions set forth in her reports that
            Claimant’s sprain and strain injuries had resolved is
            consistent with the opinions of both [IME Orthopedist]
            and [IME Neurologist].

WCJ’s Op., 1/2/15, Finding of Fact (F.F.) No. 10.

            In Finding of Fact No. 12, the WCJ found Claimant’s testimony
credible in part. Specifically, the WCJ found Claimant sustained a work injury on
May 24, 2011. However, the WCJ rejected Claimant’s testimony of ongoing
disability after October 24, 2011, the date Claimant’s Physician’s medical reports
indicated that Claimant’s work injuries resolved. F.F. No. 12.

            In sum, the WCJ found that Claimant, as a result of her May 2011 slip
and fall at work, sustained work injuries in the nature of lumbar and cervical

                                         8
sprains and strains. F.F. No. 10. However, as indicated by Claimant’s Physician’s
October 10 and 24, 2011 reports, and IME Orthopedist’s review of those reports,
Claimant’s injuries resolved as of October 24, 2011. Id. The WCJ also rejected
Claimant’s testimony as to any ongoing disability based on Claimant’s Physician’s
reports. F.F. No. 12.

              Further, the WCJ found that Claimant did not sustain any injuries to
her head, right ankle or foot. F.F. No. 10. The WCJ further found that Claimant’s
lumbar and cervical sprains and strains did not aggravate any pre-existing
conditions noted in an MRI study or cause any type of radiculopathy. Id.

              Accordingly, the WCJ determined Claimant proved she sustained
work-related injuries consisting of cervical and lumbar sprains and strains on May
24, 2011, which rendered her totally disabled through October 23, 2011.
Conclusion of Law (C.L.) No. 2. However, Claimant failed to establish any
continuing disability after that date. C.L. No. 3.

              On appeal, the Board affirmed, noting the WCJ’s findings were
supported by substantial evidence and her credibility determinations met the
reasoned decision requirements. Claimant petitions for review.2

       2
          This Court’s review is limited to determining whether the WCJ’s findings of fact were
supported by substantial evidence, whether an error of law was committed or whether
constitutional rights were violated. 2 Pa. C.S. §704; Phoenixville Hosp. v. Workers' Comp.
Appeal Bd. (Shoap), 81 A.3d 830 (Pa. 2013).

                                              9
                                   II. Discussion
                                   A. Argument
             Claimant contends the Board erred in affirming the WCJ’s decision
where the WCJ did not explain the basis for her rejection of Dr. Lam’s testimony
that Claimant sustained cervical and lumbar sprains and strains, and herniations at
C5-6 and L1-2, with accompanying radiculopathy. Dr. Lam also opined that
Claimant could not return to her pre-injury job as a SEPTA bus driver.

             More specifically, Claimant contends the WCJ’s findings fail the
reasoned decision requirement in Section 422(a) of the Act.          This provision
pertinently states:

             All parties to an adjudicatory proceeding are entitled to a
             reasoned decision containing findings of fact and
             conclusions of law based upon the evidence as a whole
             which clearly and concisely states and explains the
             rationale for the decisions so that all can determine why
             and how a particular result was reached. The [WCJ]
             shall specify the evidence upon which the [WCJ] relies
             and state the reasons for accepting it in conformity with
             this section. When faced with conflicting evidence, the
             [WCJ] must adequately explain the reasons for rejecting
             or discrediting competent evidence. Uncontroverted
             evidence may not be rejected for no reason or for an
             irrational reason; the [WCJ] must identify that evidence
             and explain adequately the reasons for its rejection. The
             adjudication shall provide the basis for meaningful
             appellate review.

77 P.S. §834.

                                         10
            Here, Claimant first acknowledges that the WCJ adequately explained
her reasons for rejecting the testimony of Claimant’s Physician. As such, this
finding allows for meaningful appellate review.

            However, Claimant contends the WCJ failed to indicate what parts of
Dr. Lam’s testimony she accepted and what parts she rejected. Most importantly,
Claimant argues, the WCJ did not explain her reasoning for rejecting Dr. Lam’s
testimony as to the nature of the injury or the related disability. A WCJ must state
an actual objective basis for her credibility determinations regarding deposition
testimony. Michel v. Workers' Comp. Appeal Bd. (U.S. Steel Corp.), 966 A.2d
643 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2009). Because the WCJ failed to explain her reasons for
rejecting Dr. Lam’s testimony, Claimant asserts the WCJ’s decision does not
contain sufficient information to permit meaningful appellate review.

                                    B. Analysis
            To satisfy the reasoned decision requirements of Section 422(a) of the
Act, 77 P.S. §834, a WCJ must set forth the rationale for the decision by specifying
the evidence relied upon and reasons for accepting it. Daniels v. Workers’ Comp.
Appeal Bd. (Tristate Transp.), 828 A.2d 1043 (Pa. 2003); Dorsey v. Workers’
Comp. Appeal Bd. (Crossing Constr. Co.), 893 A.2d 191 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2006).
When conflicting evidence is presented, the WCJ must adequately explain the
reasons for rejecting or discrediting competent evidence. Daniels. The WCJ may
not reject uncontroverted evidence without reason or for an irrational reason, but
must identify such evidence and adequately explain the reasons for its rejection.
Id. “[T]he purpose of a reasoned decision is to spare the reviewing court from

                                        11
having to imagine why the WCJ believed one witness over another.” Dorsey, 893
A.2d at 196 (citation omitted).

               “Where medical experts testify by deposition, a WCJ’s resolution of
conflicting evidence must be supported by more than a statement that one expert is
deemed more credible than another.” Id. at 194. To allow effective appellate
review, the WCJ must articulate an objective basis for the credibility
determination. Id. at 194-95. Although there are countless objective factors that
may support a credibility determination, these factors must be identified and
enunciated. Id.

               “However, Section 422(a) does not permit a party to challenge or
second-guess the WCJ’s reasons for credibility determinations.”        Id. at 195.
“Unless made arbitrarily or capriciously, a WCJ’s credibility determinations will
be upheld on appeal.” Id.

               In Finding of Fact No. 10, the WCJ noted the opinions of Claimant’s
Physician and Dr. Lam, “who were unaware of [Claimant’s] prior injuries,” were
accepted as “credible in part.” F.F. No. 10 (emphasis added). The WCJ then
stated that she found “Claimant did sustain lumbar and cervical sprains and strains
as a result of the work injury ….” Id. (emphasis added). However, the WCJ also
found that these injuries resolved as of Claimant’s Physician’s October 24, 2011
report.” Id.

                                         12
             In Finding of Fact No. 10, the WCJ also cites IME Orthopedist’s
deposition testimony at pages 23-24. When asked the significance of Claimant’s
Physician’s reports containing her conclusions that Claimant’s sprains and strains
resolved, IME Orthopedist replied, “It meant that the soft tissue injury had healed.”
Meller Dep. at 23-24; R.R. at 240-41.         IME Orthopedist then explained that
Claimant’s Physician’s October 10 report indicated that Claimant’s sprains and
strains were resolving, but were not quite there yet. Meller Dep. at 24; R.R. at 241.
Claimant’s Physician’s October 24 report noted that Claimant’s sprains and strains
resolved. Id.

             The WCJ also noted that Claimant’s Physician’s opinion in her
October 2011 reports that Claimant’s sprains and strains resolved was consistent
with the opinions of IME Orthopedist and IME Neurologist. F.F. No. 10.

             In addition, the WCJ found that Claimant was not forthcoming to her
physicians regarding her previous injuries to her neck and back. F.F. Nos. 4(b),
5(a), 10, 12. In particular, the WCJ observed that Claimant’s Physician and Dr.
Lam were unaware that Claimant sustained neck and back injuries in 2009. F.F.
No. 10. Consequently, she only accepted their diagnosis of work-related lumbar
and cervical sprains and strains. Id. The WCJ may accept or reject the testimony
of any witness, including a medical witness, in whole or in part. A&J Builders,
Inc. v. Workers' Comp. Appeal Bd. (Verdi), 78 A.3d 1233 (Pa. 2013). Further, the
WCJ’s authority over questions of credibility, conflicting evidence and evidentiary
weight is unquestioned. Id.

                                         13
            Ultimately, the WCJ found that Claimant’s work-related lumbar and
cervical sprains and strains resolved as of Claimant’s Physician’s October 24, 2011
report. F.F. No. 10. On cross-examination, Claimant’s Physician testified that the
diagnosis in her October 24, 2011 report, that Claimant’s sprains and strains
resolved, was a typographical error that she did not read. See Dep. of Francis C.
Hunter, 6/19/12 (Hunter Dep.) at 39-40; R.R. at 160-61. However, the WCJ
rejected this testimony as not credible. In making this credibility determination,
the WCJ referenced IME Orthopedist’s testimony that Claimant’s Physician’s
October 10, 2011 report indicating that Claimant’s sprains and strains were
resolving, but were not quite there yet, which was consistent with a full resolution
at the next visit. See F.F. No. 10; Meller Dep. at 24; R.R. at 241. The WCJ also
stated the conclusion of full resolution of the injuries at the October 24
examination was consistent with the testimony of the IME physicians.

            Although we are unable to locate Claimant’s Physician’s October 10
and 24, 2011 reports in the certified record, we note that under a long-recognized
exception to the hearsay rule, a medical witness may express an opinion based
upon medical records of others even if those records were not introduced into
evidence so long as they are the type of record upon which the medical profession
customarily relies in the practice of the profession. Empire Steel Castings, Inc. v.
Workers' Comp. Appeal Bd. (Cruceta), 749 A.2d 1021 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2000) (citing
Commonwealth v. Thomas, 282 A.2d 693 (Pa. 1971)). Such is the case here. IME
Orthopedist indicated he reviewed Claimant’s Physician’s records “beginning
6/29/2011 through 10/24/2011.” Certified Record, Meller Dep., 7/24/12, Ex. D-
Meller-4 (summary of medical records reviewed, dated 7/27/12, at 3). Claimant’s

                                        14
Physician’s records indicate: “1. Sprain and strain resolved.” Id. Further, other
than Claimant’s Physician’s discredited testimony that her October 24, 2011 report
contained typographical errors, Claimant does not dispute the existence or contents
of these reports. Therefore, we conclude the WCJ’s determination that Claimant’s
sprains and strains resolved as of October 24, 2011 is adequately supported by the
record. Empire Steel Castings.

             Finally, although the WCJ did not elaborate on why she rejected Dr.
Lam’s opinion that Claimant sustained other work-related injuries as a result of the
May 2011 incident, the WCJ’s recognition that Claimant failed to advise Dr. Lam
of her prior history of injuries constitutes a rational, objective basis for refusing to
accept Dr. Lam’s opinion that Claimant sustained other injuries related to the May
2011 work incident. Daniels; Dorsey.

             In sum, the reasoned decision provision of the Act does not require a
line-by- line analysis of each statement by each witness explaining how it affected
the ultimate decision. Gumm v. Workers' Comp. Appeal Bd. (Steel), 942 A.2d 222
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2008). Here, the WCJ found Claimant’s work-related cervical and
lumbar sprains and strains resolved. The WCJ rejected Claimant’s Physician’s
testimony that her October 24, 2011 diagnosis was merely a typographical error.
We hold the WCJ articulated an objective basis for her necessary credibility
determinations. Daniels; Gumm. Consequently, the WCJ’s decision meets the
reasoned decision requirement in Section 422(a) of the Act. Therefore, we affirm
the Board’s order.

                                        ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge

                                          15
       IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Rashida Mathis,                     :
                         Petitioner :
                                    :
             v.                     : No. 486 C.D. 2016
                                    :
Workers' Compensation Appeal        :
Board (Southeastern Pennsylvania    :
Transportation Authority),          :
                         Respondent :

                                 ORDER

           AND NOW, this 29th day of March, 2017, for the reasons stated in the
foregoing opinion, the order of the Workers' Compensation Appeal Board is
AFFIRMED.

                                   ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
           IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Rashida Mathis,                           :
                   Petitioner             :
                                          :
             v.                           :
                                          :
Workers’ Compensation Appeal              :
Board (Southeastern Pennsylvania          :
Transportation Authority),                :   No. 486 C.D. 2016
                  Respondent              :   Submitted: November 23, 2016

BEFORE:      HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
             HONORABLE JULIA K. HEARTHWAY, Judge
             HONORABLE JOSEPH M. COSGROVE, Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

DISSENTING OPINION
BY JUDGE COSGROVE                             FILED: March 29, 2017

             As I disagree with the Majority’s determination that the Workers’
Compensation Judge (WCJ) provided an appropriately reasoned decision, I must
dissent.
             Central to the Majority’s affirmance is the failure of Rashida Mathis
(Claimant) to advise Dr. Lam (the “board-certified anesthesiologist with a sub-
practice in pain management” whom Claimant deposed) “of her prior history of
injuries…” See Majority Opinion, slip op. at 4 and 15.           This failure alone,
according to the Majority, is sufficient in and of itself to “constitute[] a rational,
objective basis for refusing to accept Dr. Lam’s opinion …” Id., slip op. at 15.
Yet, in the same paragraph, the Majority admits “the WCJ did not elaborate on
why she rejected Dr. Lam’s opinion that Claimant sustained other work-related
injuries as a result of the May 2011 incident …” Id., slip op. at 15. But this lack
of “elaborat[ion]” is precisely what is violative of the requirement under Section
422(a) that the WCJ issue a reasoned decision.
            The questions before us are simple: what injuries did Claimant
sustain, and are they work related? Allowing the WCJ to short circuit the answer
to these questions by not providing a full and completely reasoned decision flouts
the purposes of the Workers’ Compensation Act, which “must be liberally
construed to effectuate its humanitarian objectives.” Peterson v. Workmen's
Compensation Appeal Bd. (PRN Nursing Agency), 597 A.2d 1116, 1120 (Pa. 1991)
(collecting cases). As the WCJ and the Majority fail to accomplish this, I must
dissent.

                                      ___________________________
                                      JOSEPH M. COSGROVE, Judge

                                      JMC-2