Court Opinion

ID: 9445707
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-03 21:37:00.2403+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:30:23.171962
License: Public Domain

RIVES, Circuit Judge
(dissenting).
The three officers and directors, citizens of Alabama, were admittedly unnecessary and dispensable parties. “On the question of jurisdiction, an unnecessary and dispensable party will not be considered.” Salem Trust Co. v. Manufacturers’ Finance Co., 264 U.S. 182, 190, 44 S.Ct. 266, 267, 68 L.Ed. 628. There was no jurisdiction over the three officers and directors who were citizens of Alabama, but jurisdiction over the Delaware corporation existed from the beginning. It makes no difference whether the Alabamians were formally stricken as parties defendant by act of the plaintiffs or by ruling of the court. In Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Nester, 9 Cir., 106 F.2d 587, 588, 591, the action was dismissed as to T. J. Inie, the appellant’s agent whose citizenship did not appear in the record, contemporaneously with and as a part of the judgment against appellant. See Nester v. Western Union Telegraph Co., D.C.S.D.Cal., 25 F.Supp. 478, 482. Yet the court had jurisdiction to render the judgment, which was not questioned by the Supreme Court. Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Nester, 309 U.S. 582, 60 S.Ct. 769, 84 L.Ed. 960. True, Inie was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction, while here the three Alabama citizens were dismissed for failure of the complaint to state a claim against them for which relief could be granted. The court had no jurisdiction thus to pass on the merits, but it did have jurisdiction to dismiss the three Alabama citizens, and the fact that it assigned a wrong reason for so doing seems to me immaterial. A careful reading of Horn v. Lockhart, 17 Wall. 570, 84 U.S. 570, 21 L.Ed. 657, will show that the unnecessary and dispensable parties were dismissed by the trial court, just as in the present case, and that jurisdiction was unimpaired. See 84 U.S. 574, 575, 579. Mr. Justice Field stated:
“And the question always is, or should be, when objection is taken to the jurisdiction of the court by reason of the citizenship of some of the parties, whether to a decree authorized by the case presented, they are indispensable parties, for if their interests are severable and a decree without prejudice to their rights can be made, the jurisdiction of the court should be retained and the suit dismissed as to them.”
Likewise in Vattier v. Hinde, 7 Pet. 252, 263, 32 U.S. 252, 262, 8 L.Ed. 675, Chief Justice Marshall said:
“If, then, when this cause came on for hearing, Abraham Garrison had still been a defendant, a decree might then have been pronounced for or against the other defendants, and the bill have been dismissed as to him, if such decree could have been pronounced as to them, without affecting his interests. We perceive no principle of reason or law which opposes this course. The incapacity of the court to exercise jurisdiction over Garrison, could not affect their jurisdiction over other defendants whose interests were not connected with his, and from whom he was separated, by dismissing the bill as to him.”
See, also, Horsford v. Gudger, C.C.W.D.N.C., 35 F. 388, 392.
The situation seems to me simply that a complaint filed in the federal district court named one defendant over whom the court had jurisdiction and three defendants with separable interests over whom the court had no jurisdiction. The improper joinder of those three defendants did not deprive the court of jurisdiction over the one. The three defendants improperly joined were properly stricken, and it is immaterial that they were dismissed professedly on the merits rather than for lack of jurisdiction. *435The important thing is that they were never properly in the case and that the court granted no relief against them.
I therefore respectfully dissent.