Court Opinion

ID: 3017786
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:18:04.777409+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:47:06.942865
License: Public Domain

___________

                             No. 95-4175
                             ___________

United States of America,       *
                                *
          Appellant,            *
                                *    Appeal from the United States
     v.                         *    District Court for the
                                *    Eastern District of Missouri.
One Hundred Twenty Thousand     *
Seven Hundred Fifty One Dollars *
($120,751.00);                  *
                                *
          Defendant,            *
                                *
Gregory G. Fenlon; Estate of    *
Alex Morris,                    *
                                *
          Appellees.            *

                              __________

                  Submitted:    September 13, 1996

                         Filed: December 9, 1996
                               __________

Before McMILLIAN, MAGILL, and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit
     Judges.

                             ___________

MAGILL, Circuit Judge.

     This is a forfeiture action involving $120,751.00 in currency.
The district court1 dismissed the forfeiture action as abated upon

    1
     Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c) (1994), the parties consented
to the exercise of jurisdiction by a United States Magistrate
Judge.
the death   of   the   claimant.    The   government   appeals,   and   we
reverse.2

                                   I.

     On August 24, 1992, the defendant currency ($120,751.00) was
seized from Alex Morris. At the time of the seizure, Morris was in
a St. Louis airport holding a one-way ticket to California under an
assumed name. Morris initially hid his baggage claim receipt for
the bag containing the currency and denied ownership when asked by
law enforcement officials.     Later investigation revealed that
Morris was associated with known drug traffickers.

     On September 23, 1992, by publication, and on March 18, 1993,
by mail, the government gave notice of the seizure and intent to
forfeit the defendant property. On April 15, 1993, Alex Morris was
murdered.   Pursuant to an undisclosed agreement regarding legal

    2
      The government’s motion to dismiss Gregory Fenlon as a party
to this appeal is denied.     Taking his first amended claim for
property on its face, we cannot say that Fenlon lacks standing.
Fenlon has asserted a personal stake in the outcome of the case by
virtue of a property interest assigned to him. See United States
v. Thirteen Thousand Dollars in U.S. Currency, 733 F.2d 581, 583-84
(8th Cir. 1984) (assignment made in consideration of legal services
rendered and to be rendered confers standing to contest
forfeiture). However, on remand we instruct the magistrate judge
to examine whether a valid assignment of a property interest had in
fact taken place.    If Fenlon’s interest is only that of a mere
creditor, he does not have standing in this forfeiture action.
United States v. One 1990 Chevrolet Corvette, 37 F.3d 421, 422 (8th
Cir. 1994) (standing to contest forfeiture requires proof of
ownership interest in defendant property). Rather, Fenlon should
pursue his claim in the Missouri court supervising the probate of
Mr. Morris’s estate.

     Fenlon's motion to strike the government's appendix is denied
as moot in light of the fact that the matters contained in the
challenged materials are irrelevant to our disposition of the
appeal.

     We accept the Fenlon brief as a joint brief for the appellees.

                                   -2-
fees, Mr. Morris's attorney, Gregory Fenlon, asserted a claim
against the seized currency. Subsequently, Alex Morris's estate
also asserted a claim. Following some confusion over whether an
administrative proceeding should be pursued, the Drug Enforcement
Agency (DEA) sent a letter to the United States Attorney requesting
the commencement of judicial forfeiture proceedings on August 10,
1993. On November 15, 1994, fifteen months after the DEA request
and twenty-seven months after seizure, the government filed a
forfeiture complaint.

     In a May 23, 1995 order, the magistrate judge struck Gregory
Fenlon's claim for lack of standing. The magistrate judge also
denied Fenlon’s motion to dismiss the forfeiture complaint based on
the delay between seizure and filing. Fenlon subsequently moved
for and was granted leave to file a first amended claim.         On
October 20, 1995, the magistrate judge granted a motion to dismiss
based upon abatement, reasoning that forfeiture proceedings under
21 U.S.C. § 881(a)(6) (1992) are punishment. Mem. Op. at 3. The
government now appeals.

                               II.

     We respectfully disagree with the magistrate judge’s holding
that a civil forfeiture action under 21 U.S.C. § 881(a)(6) abates
upon the death of the claimant. We hold that the action does not
abate because it is not punitive.

     The longstanding rule is that a cause of action abates at the
death of the alleged wrongdoer if it is punitive in nature.
Schrieber v. Sharpless, 110 U.S. 76, 80 (1884). However, civil
actions generally do not abate. United States v. Morton, 635 F.2d
723, 725 (8th Cir. 1980).    Thus, we must determine if, for the
purpose of abatement, a § 881(a)(6) civil forfeiture action is
punitive in nature.

                               -3-
     Neither this Court nor the Supreme Court has addressed the
question of whether a civil forfeiture is punitive in the abatement
context.   Addressing this question, both the Fourth and Ninth
Circuits have held that § 881(a)(6) forfeitures are not punitive.
United States v. $84,740.00 Currency, 981 F.2d 1110, 1113 (9th Cir.
1992); Case of One 1985 Nissan, 300ZX, 889 F.2d 1317, 1319 (4th
Cir. 1989) (en banc).

     We find this conclusion persuasive, particularly in light of
the Supreme Court’s recent holding on the nature of forfeiture
actions in the context of double jeopardy. The Court held that
§ 881(a)(6) is not punitive for purposes of double jeopardy.
United States v. Ursery, 116 S. Ct. 2135, 2147-49 (1996).3 The
Court applied the following two-step test: (1) did Congress intend
proceedings under § 881(a)(6) to be criminal or civil; and (2) if
Congress's intent was for civil proceedings, are the proceedings in
fact so punitive that they cannot be viewed as civil. Ursery, 116
S. Ct. at 2147 (citing United States v. One Assortment of 89
Firearms, 465 U.S. 354, 366 (1984)); see also $84,740.00 Currency,
981 F.2d at 1113 (citing United States v. Ward, 448 U.S. 242, 248-
49 (1980)).

     For the reasons given in Ursery and $84,740.00 Currency, we
find that, for the purpose of abatement, Congress intended the
proceedings under § 881(a)(6) to be civil and that they are not so
punitive that they cannot be viewed as civil. Because § 881(a)(6)
proceedings are not punitive in this context, they do not abate
upon the death of the claimant. Accordingly, the government’s

        3
         The Eighth Circuit subsequently held that 21 U.S.C.
§ 881(a)(4) forfeitures are not punitive for purposes of double
jeopardy. United States v. One 1970 36.9' Columbia Sail Boat, 91
F.3d 1053, 1057 (8th Cir. 1996). However, the Supreme Court has
also held that related forfeitures under 21 U.S.C. § 881(a)(4) and
(a)(7) are punitive under the Eighth Amendment's Excessive Fines
Clause. Austin v. United States, 509 U.S. 602, 622 (1993).

                               -4-
§ 881(a)(6) cause of action did not abate upon the death of Alex
Morris.

                              III.

     For the reasons given within, the judgment of the district
court is reversed.

    A true copy.

         Attest:

              CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

                              -5-