Court Opinion

ID: 2725873
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 20:55:21.48163+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:39:35.200491
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of
                                                       Dec 27 2013, 9:56 am
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                                  ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

JOHN A. KRAFT                                             JONI L. GRAYSON
JENNIFER KRAFT KUCHLE                                     Jeffersonville, Indiana
Young, Lind, Endres & Kraft
New Albany, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

IN RE THE ESTATE OF RUBY SHULER                    )
BLANKENBAKER BOTKINS, DECEASED,                    )
MARK ALLEN SHULER and DAVID LEE                    )
SHULER,                                            )
      Appellants,                                  )
                                                   )
               vs.                                 )    No. 22A01-1307-ES-337
                                                   )
ESTATE OF GEORGE BOTKINS, by                       )
LARRY BOTKINS,                                     )
     Appellee.                                     )

                        APPEAL FROM THE FLOYD CIRCUIT COURT
                         The Honorable Robert L. Bennett, Special Judge
                                Cause No. 22C01-0903-ES-29

                                        December 27, 2013

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

BAILEY, Judge
                                             Case Summary

        Mark Allen Shuler (“Mark”) and David Lee Shuler (“David”), as co-personal

representatives of the estate (“the Estate”) of Ruby Shuler Blankenbaker Botkins (“Ruby”),

appeal the probate court’s entry of a final accounting.

        We affirm.

                                                    Issue

        Mark and David raise two issues for our review. We find one dispositive, which we

restate as whether the trial court abused its discretion when it denied their motion to set aside

the Family Settlement Agreement (“the Agreement”) that provided for resolution of the

probate proceedings.1

                                    Facts and Procedural History

        Ruby was married to George Botkins (“George”), and in 1987 executed a will (“the

1987 Will”). That will devised to George a life estate in real estate Ruby owned in Bonita

Springs, Florida, with the remainder to go to Ruby’s brother, Roy Lee Shuler (“Roy”). The

1987 Will provided for the residual assets of the Estate to be equally divided among five of

Ruby’s nieces and nephews. Mark and David were among these five individuals.

        In 1992, Ruby was still married to George and executed another will (“the 1992

Will”). Like the 1987 Will, the 1992 Will provided that George would receive a life estate in

the Bonita Springs real estate and that the residual assets of the Estate would be granted in

1
 Mark and David also contend that, under the doctrine of dependent relative revocation, the Estate should be
administered pursuant to a 1987 will Ruby executed. Because we find no error in the trial court’s denial of the
motion to set aside the Agreement, we do not reach this issue.

                                                      2
equal shares to five nieces and nephews. Mark and David were, again, among those

beneficiaries.

       The 1992 Will included other provisions not present in the 1987 Will. Unlike the

1987 Will, the 1992 Will granted to George a life estate in real estate in Jeffersonville,

Indiana. Also unlike the 1987 Will, the remainder of both life estates was to become part of

the residue of the Estate. The 1992 Will also provided that $1,000.00 was to be inherited by

each of George’s four children (Ruby’s stepchildren), and that $10,000 each would be

inherited by George, Ruby’s brother Roy, and Ruby’s sister-in-law Alma H. Shuler (“Alma”).

       Both the 1987 Will and the 1992 Will designated Roy as executor and personal

representative of the Estate, with Mark and David to serve as co-executors and co-personal

representatives in the event Roy would not or could not serve in such a capacity.

       On October 9, 2008, Ruby died. Roy declined to serve as executor and personal

representative. On February 27, 2009, Mark and David filed a verified petition to probate the

1992 Will, for issuance of letters testamentary, and for supervised administration of the

Estate (“the Probate Petition”). Because the original 1992 Will had been lost, the Petition

sought to probate the 1992 Will based upon a photocopy of the original that Mark and David

submitted along with the Probate Petition.

       On March 11, 2009, George filed an objection to David and Mark’s petition. George

objected to probating the 1992 Will because Mark and David did not submit an original 1992

Will. George alleged that, as a result, the 1992 Will should have been presumed revoked and

that Ruby’s assets should thus have been distributed as though Ruby died intestate.

                                             3
       On October 8, 2009, the parties filed a Notice of Submission of Family Settlement

Agreement (“the Notice of Settlement”). In the Notice of Settlement, the parties requested

that the trial court approve the Agreement and allow the administration of the Estate to

proceed in accordance with the Agreement’s terms.

       The Agreement provided that George would receive a payment of $25,000, which is

the amount to which a surviving spouse was then entitled to receive under Indiana Code §

39-1-4-1. The Agreement also provided that the net assets of the Estate would be divided in

half, with one-half to be granted to George.2 The funds allocated to George would be used to

pay the four $1,000 grants to George’s four children, as was set forth in the 1992 Will. The

other half of the net estate would be distributed to Roy ($10,000), Alma ($10,000), and

Ruby’s five nieces and nephews, each of whom would receive 20% of the assets remaining

from the half of the net estate not allocated to George and his children.

       Pursuant to the Agreement, George would have no further interest in the Estate, and

by entering into the Agreement all parties represented their intent “to compromise and settle

all claims, controversies and disputes existing between or among them in any way arising out

of or related to [the Estate],” and that the Estate was not obligated to any other individuals or

heirs at law. (Appellants’ App’x at 27.) The Agreement bore the signatures of George’s

attorney-in-fact, Larry Botkins (“Larry”), and those of David and Mark as co-personal

representatives of the Estate.

2
 The real property in Bonita Springs, Florida, and Jeffersonville, for which the 1992 Will had provided
devisements, had previously been sold.

                                                  4
       On October 23, 2009, the probate court approved the Agreement and granted David

and Mark authority to proceed with administration of the Estate pursuant to the Agreement’s

terms. On January 2, 2010, George died, and subsequently, George’s estate was substituted

as a party in George’s place.

       On June 18, 2010, Mark and David filed a petition seeking to set aside the Agreement

and the probate court’s order accepting the Agreement for purposes of administering the

Estate (“the Petition to Set Aside”). As a basis for the Petition to Set Aside, Mark and David

alleged that the original of the 1987 Will, which had not been located previously, had been

produced by Ruby’s former attorney.

       On April 11, 2011, after hearings on October 14, 2010 and March 18, 2011, the

probate court denied the Petition to Set Aside. Mark and David subsequently sought

interlocutory review of the probate court’s order, but this Court declined such review. The

Estate was subsequently administered consistent with the provisions of the Agreement, and

with notice of Mark’s and David’s intent to appeal the trial court’s denial of the Petition to

Set Aside pending entry of a final judgment.

       On May 28, 2013, Mark and David submitted the Estate’s final report and accounting,

which the probate court approved on July 3, 2013, and designated as a final judgment

pursuant to Trial Rule 54(B).

       This appeal ensued.

                                               5
                                 Discussion and Decision

       Mark and David appeal the trial court’s denial of their motion to set aside the

Agreement. They advance two bases upon which they contend the trial court erred. First,

they argue, the Agreement should have been set aside under Indiana contract law. Second,

they claim that the Agreement should have been set aside under Trial Rule 60(B), which

governs the setting aside of judgments under our Trial Rules.

       Each approach is based upon the same premise, namely, that the discovery of the 1987

Will several months after the parties’ entry into and the trial court’s acceptance of the

Agreement amounts to a mutual mistake of the parties upon which relief should be granted.

And each approach is, at bottom, a matter of equity for the trial court. See Peterson v. First

State Bank, 737 N.E.2d 1226, 1230 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000) (observing that reformation of

documents is “an extreme equitable remedy” that is “appropriate only in limited

circumstances”); Town of St. John v. Home Builders Ass’n of N. Ind., Inc., 428 N.E.2d

1299, 1302 (Ind. Ct. App. 1981) (noting that “relief under T.R. 60(B) is only available where

some additional fact is present which leads a trial court to invoke its equitable powers to do

justice”).

       The primary purpose in contract construction is to determine and give effect to the

mutual intent of the parties. Bowling v. Poole, 756 N.E.2d 983, 988 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001),

trans. denied. When construing a contract, we examine the intent of the parties in drafting

the document, which we determine from the parties “written expressions within the four

corners of the contract.” Id.

                                              6
         Yet the doctrine of mutual mistake may permit a party to an agreement to avoid the

transaction. “The doctrine of mutual mistake provides that where both parties share a

common assumption about a vital fact upon which they based their bargain, and that

assumption is false, the transaction may be avoided if because of the mistake a quite different

exchange of values occurs from the exchange or values contemplated by the parties.”

Breeden Revocable Trust v. Hoffmeister-Repp, 941 N.E.2d 1045, 1054 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010)

(emphasis added). Mistake about any fact is not enough to set aside the agreement. Id.

Rather, the mistaken fact must be “one that is of the essence of the agreement, the sine qua

non … such that it animates and controls the conduct of the parties.” Id. (citations and

quotations omitted). That is, there must be “a mutual mistake of fact between [the parties]

that went to the heart of the bargain, to the substance of the whole contract” so that “there

was no contract, as a matter of law.” Tracy v. Morell, 948 N.E.2d 855, 865 (Ind. Ct. App.

2011).

         The trial court found no such mutual mistake here, and we find no error in that result.

Mark and David contend that there was a mutual mistake because, had they known of the

1987 Will, they would not have entered into the Agreement, as the 1987 Will was more

beneficial to them than the 1992 Will or the Agreement. Nor, they contend, would George

and/or his estate have done so, as the 1987 Will would have been far less beneficial to him

than either the 1992 Will or the Agreement.

         Yet, within its four corners, the Agreement deals not only with the provisions of the

1992 Will as compared to the Agreement, it also provides an express representation for the

                                                7
basis upon which the parties entered into the Agreement, namely, that “[t]he parties hereto

intend to compromise and settle all claims, controversies and disputes existing between or

among them in any way arising out of or related to the estate of the Decedent.” (Appellants’

App’x at 27.) That is, the Agreement does not purport to settle a dispute only as to the 1992

Will—it purports to settle all claims of both parties to the Agreement, and includes a

representation that the parties “have come to the conclusion that [it] would be in the best

interest of all the parties hereto to compromise and settle such controversy, and they desire to

compromise and settle the controversy” as provided by the Agreement’s terms. (Appellants’

App’x at 23-24.)

       In light of these representations concerning the parties’ intent in entering the

Agreement, we cannot conclude that the discovery of the 1987 Will so “went to the heart of

the bargain” between the parties as to cause there to be “no contract, as a matter of law.”

Tracy, 948 N.E.2d at 865. We thus find no error in the probate court’s denial of Mark’s and

David’s Petition to Set Aside the Agreement.

       Affirmed.

FRIEDLANDER, J., and KIRSCH, J., concur.

                                               8