Court Opinion

ID: 4428569
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-20 19:09:03.858316+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:50:46.565376
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-1006-17T4

KORNEGAY CONSTRUCTION,
LLC,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS
CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION,
INC.,1

          Defendant-Appellant.

                   Argued April 29, 2019 – Decided May 14, 2019

                   Before Judges Gooden Brown and Rose.

                   On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                   Division, Union County, Docket No. DC-012131-16.

                   Paul F. Campano argued the cause for appellant
                   (Heinkel Law Firm, LLC, attorneys; Jessica A. Tracy,
                   on the brief).

                   Respondent has not filed a brief.

1
     Improperly pled as University Heights Condominiums.
PER CURIAM

      In this breach of contract action, defendant University Heights

Condominium Association, Inc. appeals from an October 11, 2017 Special Civil

Part order, denying its motions to: vacate a final judgment for plaintiff Kornegay

Construction, LLC; set aside the writ of execution; and quash plaintiff's

information subpoena. For the reasons that follow, we reverse and remand for

a new trial.

      We summarize the pertinent procedural history that forms the focal point

of defendant's appeal from the trial court's oral decision following argument on

defendant's motions.

      In November 2016, plaintiff Kornegay Construction, LLC filed a

complaint in the Small Claims Section of the Special Civil Part, demanding

damages in the jurisdictional amount of $3000 plus costs. Anthony O. Kornegay

(Kornegay), a non-attorney, 2 filed the complaint on behalf of plaintiff. See R.

6:11 (permitting "any authorized officer or employee [to] prosecute and defend

2
   Kornegay's affiliation with plaintiff is unclear from the record. Although the
trial court noted Kornegay was plaintiff's "sole proprietor and owner," plaintiff
appears to be a limited liability company. During oral argument before us,
defendant claimed it presented evidence to the trial court indicating Kornegay
is plaintiff's agent, and not a principal as Kornegay contended. However,
defendant failed to include citations to the trial record supporting its contention.
                                                                            A-1006-17T4
                                         2
on behalf of a party which is a business entity, whether formally incorporated

or not"). Trial was scheduled for December 20, 2016.

      The day before trial, defendant requested an adjournment seeking to file

a counterclaim.    The trial court reluctantly granted the adjournment over

Kornegay's objection "in the spirit of allowing . . . defendant to prosecute . . . a

counterclaim." See R. 6:4-7(a) (requiring requests for adjournment to be made

"absent good cause . . . not less than 5 days before the scheduled court event").

      Thereafter, defendant filed its answer and a five-count counterclaim

alleging breach of contract, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing,

violations of the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act, N.J.S.A. 56:8-1 to -210,

intentional misrepresentation, and negligent misrepresentation. Although the

counterclaim did not set forth a sum certain for damages, it is undisputed that

the amount claimed exceeded the jurisdictional amount of $3000 for small

claims actions. Accordingly, the case was transferred from the Small Claims

Section to the Special Civil Part's "DC" docket.              See R. 6:1-2(a)(2)

(jurisdictional amount); R. 6:11.3

3
  Apparently, transfer is made by the clerk's office without the necessity of filing
a motion. Pursuant to Rule 6:11 (emphasis added), "Upon the filing of a
counterclaim for a sum in excess of the monetary limit of the Small Claims
Section, the action shall be transferred to the Special Civil Part proper upon

                                                                            A-1006-17T4
                                         3
      Trial was rescheduled for January 23, 2017. Both parties appeared, but

defendant again requested an adjournment because its "key witness" was

unavailable. Kornegay objected to the adjournment because it was the second

time he missed work without pay. The court denied the adjournment request

and waited for the witness, but ultimately adjourned the matter when it was

unable to reach the case.

      Trial was held on January 30, 2017. Prior to hearing testimony, the court

informed Kornegay that, because the complaint was filed by Kornegay

Construction, LLC, "the [R]ules require an LLC to have an attorney."

According to the trial court:

            Mr. Kornegay responded by saying that he originally
            filed this matter under a small claims docket and that
            he was told, and rightfully, that he did not need an
            attorney. And he was correct in that regard[], but the
            matter was only transferred to the [DC] docket because
            . . . defendant's claim of consumer fraud. . . . [requiring]
            treble damages, which would be three times the amount
            of the actual damages. And the actual damages were
            only $1100. So Mr. Kornegay made a plea to the
            [c]ourt to allow this trial to begin because he had taken
            off [from] work. Th[at] would [have] be[en] the third
            time without getting paid to pursue this matter.
            Defendant's attorney did not object.

payment by the defendant of the required fees." But cf. R. 6:4-1(c) (requiring a
defendant whose counterclaim exceeds the $15,000 monetary limit of the
Special Civil Part to make an application to transfer the action to the Law
Division).
                                                                           A-1006-17T4
                                         4
                     The [c]ourt[,] understanding that Mr. Kornegay
              wanted to finish the trial and was willing to represent
              himself, and that he initially filed his matter in small
              claims court, which he was entitled to[; and] . . .
              defendant only making a claim of consumer fraud, but
              the actual damages being $1100[;] . . . the [c]ourt, in its
              discretion, allowed this matter to proceed with Mr.
              Kornegay representing himself since he had originally
              filed in small claims court. And there was no objection
              by defendant's attorney, nor was there any prejudice
              that would have come to . . . defendant by allowing Mr.
              Kornegay to represent himself in this matter.

                    ....

              The only prejudice in th[e] court's opinion to not
              allowing the trial to go forward would have been to Mr.
              Kornegay because if the [c]ourt would [ha]ve
              adjourned it, the [c]ourt would [ha]ve had to give
              [plaintiff] at least two weeks to find an attorney. He
              would ha[ve] had to take off again from work and that
              would ha[ve] been a fourth time. And the [c]ourt found
              that in its discretion it was proper to allow him to
              proceed on his own unless he requested an adjournment
              for an attorney. And he had stressed to th[e c]ourt that
              at that time he wanted to proceed without one, that he
              originally filed in small claims because he did [no]t
              want to have an attorney. And but for the counterclaim,
              which was dismissed, the matter was bumped up to the
              [DC docket of the S]pecial [C]ivil [P]art.

        The matter then proceeded to trial without a jury. 4 Kornegay represented

plaintiff. At the conclusion of trial, the court entered a judgment for plaintiff in

4
    Defendant did not provide the trial transcript on appeal.
                                                                            A-1006-17T4
                                          5
the amount of $2399, including costs.        The court dismissed defendant's

counterclaim, finding defendant failed to "prove[] a cause of action upon which

relief could be granted under R[ule] 4:6-2(e) and there was no consumer fraud."

Defendant did not file a motion for reconsideration nor appeal from the final

judgment.

      Nor did defendant satisfy the judgment. Accordingly, on April 3, 2017,

plaintiff sent an information subpoena by certified mail to defense counsel. A

writ of execution was issued by the court on April 5, 2017. On May 16, 2017

Kornegay, on behalf of plaintiff, filed a motion to enforce litigant's rights.

Defendant did not appeal from the ensuing order granting plaintiff's motion.

      However, on May 17, 2017, defendant filed a motion to vacate the

judgment pursuant to Rule 4:50-1,5 set aside the writ of execution and quash the

information subpoena, or in the alternative, stay execution of the judgment

pending appeal.    During oral argument before the trial court, defendant

contended the judgment was voidable at its election because plaintiff was not

represented by an attorney at trial, the information subpoena was not certified,

5
  Rule 4:50-1(d) provides, in pertinent part, "[o]n motion, with briefs, and upon
such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party . . . from a final judgment
or order . . . [if] the judgment or order is void . . . ."
                                                                         A-1006-17T4
                                       6
and the motion to enforce litigants rights was filed under a DC docket by

Kornegay, a non-attorney. The court denied the motions.

      In sum, the trial court determined defendant's motions were not filed until

"[s]ome five months after the judgment was entered" 6 and only after plaintiff

filed a motion to enforce litigant's rights. Finding the order and judgment were

not void, the court reiterated that it granted Kornegay's request to represent

plaintiff because he had already missed work three times for prior adjournments,

and defendant did not object to Kornegay's representation at the time of trial.

Further, the court found defendant's counterclaim "was a strategic ploy . . . to

allege consumer fraud and treble damages only to allow Mr. Kornegay to have

to expend monies on attorneys' fees." Thus, the court "exercised its discretion

in the [S]pecial [C]ivil [P]art, [and] relaxed . . . [R]ule [1:21-1(c)] in favor of

Mr. Kornegay."

      On appeal, defendant renews its argument that the trial court erred by

allowing plaintiff, as a limited liability company (LLC), to appear at trial and

6
   The judgment was entered on January 30, 2017 and defendant's motion to
vacate was filed on May 17, 2017. As such, the delay was less than four months.
Nonetheless, pursuant to Rule 4:50-2, a motion for relief from judgment must
be filed "within a reasonable time" for certain bases, including if the judgment
is alleged to be void.
                                                                           A-1006-17T4
                                        7
file a post-trial motion through a non-attorney rather than counsel. Defendant

does not, however, contend the court's decisions were incorrect on the merits.

      Ordinarily, our review might be hampered by defendant's failure to

provide the transcript of the trial proceedings. See R. 2:5-3(b) ("[T]he transcript

shall include the entire proceedings . . . ."). Indeed, this deficiency might also

prompt us simply to dismiss the appeal. See Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J.

Court Rules, cmt. 2 on R. 2:5-3 (2019); Cipala v. Lincoln Tech. Inst., 179 N.J.

45, 55 (2004) (failing to provide the complete transcript may result in dismissal

of the appeal); In re Zakhari, 330 N.J. Super. 493, 495 (App. Div. 2000); R. 2:8-

2 (providing that an appellate court may, at any time and on its own motion,

dismiss an appeal).

      Here, however, defendant challenges the trial court's decision to permit

Kornegay to represent plaintiff on legal grounds. Because defendant does not

attack the underlying judgment on the merits, we are therefore confident we

have sufficient information in the record to undertake meaningful appellate

review.

      Rule 1:21-1(c) governs our analysis and provides as follows (emphasis

added):

            Except as otherwise provided by paragraph (d) of this
            rule and by R. 1:21-1A (professional corporations), R.

                                                                           A-1006-17T4
                                        8
            1:21-1B (limited liability companies [engaged in the
            practice of law]), R. 1:21-1C (limited liability
            partnerships), R. 6:10 (appearances in landlord-tenant
            actions), R. 6:11 (appearances in small claims actions),
            R. 7:6-2(a) (pleas in municipal court), R. 7:8-7(a)
            (presence of defendant in municipal court) and by R.
            7:12-4(d) (municipal court violations bureau), an
            entity, however formed and for whatever purpose, other
            than a sole proprietorship shall neither appear nor file
            any paper in any action in any court of this State except
            through an attorney authorized to practice in this State.

This portion of the rule "makes clear that any entity, regardless of its purpose or

organization, must be represented in court by an attorney." Pressler & Verniero,

Current N.J. Court Rules, cmt. 3 on R. 1:21-1(c) (2019). Because the amount in

controversy exceeded $3000, the more lenient provisions of Rule 6:11 are

inapplicable.

      In Gobe Media Group, LLC v. Cisneros, 403 N.J. Super. 574, 575-76

(App. Div. 2008), an LLC successfully obtained a judgment in the Special Civil

Part. The defendant argued, for the first time on appeal, that the Special Civil

Part judge should not have allowed the plaintiff's non-attorney officer to

represent the LLC at trial, and that the judgment was void ab initio. Id. at 576-

77.

      We held "that a judgment entered in favor of a business entity without

representation of counsel is voidable rather than void, at the option of the

                                                                           A-1006-17T4
                                        9
adverse party[,] without proving plain error[.]" Id. at 580. We explained that,

"[t]o require the adverse party to prove plain error would open the door for

business entities to appear in court without counsel in hope of succeeding in the

action, and if challenged on appeal, shift the burden to the adverse party to prove

plain error." Ibid. Accordingly, "the more appropriate remedy is to establish a

bright line test on appeal to discourage business entities from violating Rule

1:21-1(c) in the first instance." Ibid. Consequently, we reversed and remanded

for a new trial. Ibid.

      Guided by these principles, we reverse the judgment on appeal, and

remand for a new trial in accordance with the "bright line test" enunciated in

Gobe Media and pursuant to the mandates of Rule 1:21-1(c).              While we

acknowledge the trial court's laudable desire to spare Kornegay any further

inconvenience by adjourning the trial an additional time so that plaintiff could

retain counsel, the court improperly exercised its discretion by relaxing the Rule,

which applies to "appearances in small claims matters" and not to cases on the

DC docket. Because we conclude the judgment must be vacated on that basis,

we need not reach the additional points raised by defendant in this appeal.

      On remand, the matter should be assigned to a different Special Civil Part

judge. See Entress v. Entress, 376 N.J. Super. 125, 133 (App. Div. 2005) ("In

                                                                           A-1006-17T4
                                       10
an abundance of caution, we direct that this matter be remanded to a different

judge for the plenary hearing to avoid the appearance of bias or prejudice based

upon the judge's prior involvement with the matter . . . ."). We express no

opinion about the merits of the parties' claims.

      Reversed and remanded. We do not retain jurisdiction.

                                                                        A-1006-17T4
                                       11