Court Opinion

ID: 9916502
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-01-10 01:08:35.020187+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:25:30.352514
License: Public Domain

Rivera v Orr Cab Corp.
               2023 NY Slip Op 34571(U)
                   December 29, 2023
             Supreme Court, Kings County
        Docket Number: Index No. 509870/2019
                   Judge: Debra Silber
Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip
 Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York
 State and local government sources, including the New
  York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.
 This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official
                       publication.
  FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 01/02/2024 10:46 AM                                                                   INDEX NO. 509870/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 66                                                                                      RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/02/2024

            SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
            COUNTY OF KINGS : PART 9
            ____________________________________________

            MARIA RIVERA,                                                                             DECISION / ORDER
                                                            Plaintiff,                                Index No. 509870/2019
                     -against-                                                                        Motion Seq. No. 2

            ORR CAB CORP. and SHAHID BUTT,

                                       Defendants.
            ____________________________________________
            Recitation, as required by CPLR 2219(a), of the papers considered in the review of defendants’
            motion for summary judgment.

                               Papers                                                                     NYSCEF Doc.

            Notice of Motion, Affirmation and Exhibits Annexed....................                        23-31
            Affirmation in Opposition and Exhibits.........................................               36-55
            Reply Affirmation..........................................................................

                     Upon the foregoing cited papers, the Decision/Order on this motion is as

            follows:

                     This is a personal injury action arising out of a motor vehicle accident that occurred

            on June 15, 2016. At the time of the accident, the plaintiff was driving her own vehicle and

            defendant Butt was driving a vehicle owned by co-defendant Orr Cab Corp., when they

            came into contact with each other on the Belt Parkway, in Brooklyn, New York.

                     The defendants timely move for summary judgment dismissing the plaintiff’s

            complaint, pursuant to CPLR Rule 3212, on the ground that plaintiff did not sustain a

            “serious injury” as defined by Insurance Law § 5102 (d).

                     Plaintiff’s bill of particulars alleges that she sustained injuries to her left shoulder,

            cervical spine, and lumbar spine as a result of the accident. At the time of the accident,

            plaintiff was forty-one years old. Plaintiff testified that she was transported by ambulance

            from the scene of the accident to the Lutheran Hospital (now NYU) emergency room.

                                                                      1 of 8
[* 1]
  FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 01/02/2024 10:46 AM                                                INDEX NO. 509870/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 66                                                                    RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/02/2024

                   The defendants provide, in support of their motion, affirmed reports from an

            orthopedist and a radiologist, the plaintiff’s EBT transcript, plaintiff’s bill of particulars, the

            pleadings, and an affirmation of counsel.

                   Jeffrey Guttman, M.D., an orthopedist, examined plaintiff on March 3, 2022, five

            years and eight months after the accident. He provides an affirmed IME report [Doc 29]

            that states that he only reviewed plaintiff's bill of particulars because no other “legally

            authenticated medical records were available for review”.

                   In his report, Dr. Guttman states that he conducted range of motion tests on the

            parts of the body that the plaintiff claims were injured in the subject accident. In his

            examination of the plaintiff’s cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbosacral spine, and left

            shoulder, he reports that he found that the plaintiff had normal ranges of motion in all

            planes, when compared to “normals”. Dr. Guttman’s opinion is that plaintiff’s “alleged”

            injuries to her cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and left shoulder have all

            “resolved.” He further opines that “there is no evidence of disability or permanent injury.

            The claimant can perform activities of daily living and work duties without restrictions. All

            orthopedic testing was negative. There were no muscle spasms or trigger points and

            reflexes, muscle strength, sensation and muscle tone were all normal. There is no need

            for any further diagnostic testing, orthopedic or physical therapy treatment.”

                   Jessica Berkowitz, M.D., a radiologist, provides an affirmed IME report [Doc 30] that

            states that she reviewed the MRIs of the plaintiff's cervical and lumbar spine. In her report,

            Dr. Berkowitz’s impression of the MRI of the plaintiff’s cervical spine is “Minimal disc bulge,

            C4-5. Small broad-based right central disc herniation and associated spondylosis

            impinging on the spinal cord, C5-6. Disc bulge and spondylosis impinging on the spinal

            cord, C6-7.” She then opines that “[d]isc bulges and spondylosis are chronic and

                                                         2 of 8
[* 2]
  FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 01/02/2024 10:46 AM                                               INDEX NO. 509870/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 66                                                                   RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/02/2024

            degenerative in origin. The presence of spondylosis confirms the chronic nature of the disc

            herniation at C5-6. There is no evidence of acute traumatic injury to the cervical spine such

            as vertebral fracture, asymmetry of the disc spaces, spinal cord contusion or epidural

            hematoma.” She concludes her review of the cervical MRI by opining that “[e]valuation of

            this MRI examination reveals no causal relationship between the claimant’s alleged

            accident and the findings on the MRI examination.”

                   Dr. Berkowitz’s impression of the MRI of the plaintiff’s lumbar spine is “[d]isc bulge,

            spondylosis and mainly right-sided hypertrophic facet joint changes impinging on the right

            neural foramen, L4-5. Disc bulge, spondylosis, and hypertrophic facet joint changes, L5-

            S1.” She then opines that “[d]isc bulges, spondylosis, and hypertrophic facet joint changes

            are chronic and degenerative in origin. There is no evidence of acute traumatic injury to

            the lumbar spine such as vertebral fracture, asymmetry of the disc spaces, ligamentous

            rupture, or epidural hematoma.” She concludes her review of the plaintiff’s lumbar spine

            MRI by opining that “[e]valuation of this MRI examination reveals no causal relationship

            between the claimant’s alleged accident and the findings on the MRI examination.”

                   The moving defendants contend that their medical evidence, combined with

            plaintiff’s testimony at her EBT, eliminates all categories of injury in the statute. Plaintiff

            testified at her EBT, held on May 12, 2021, that she was a teacher on the date of the

            accident, and that she did not miss any time from her job as a result of the subject accident

            [Doc 31, pp 15, 57].

                   The court finds that defendants have made a prima facie showing of their entitlement

            to summary judgment (see Toure v Avis Rent A Car Sys., 98 NY2d 345 [2002]; Gaddy v

            Eyler, 79 NY2d 955, 956-957 [1992]). The affirmed report of the orthopedist, who examined

            the plaintiff, and the report of the radiologist, who reviewed the plaintiff’s MRI films, indicate

                                                        3 of 8
[* 3]
  FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 01/02/2024 10:46 AM                                                INDEX NO. 509870/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 66                                                                    RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/02/2024

            that she did not sustain a serious injury as a result of the subject accident. Further, plaintiff’s

            testimony that she missed no time from work makes a prima facie showing on the 90/180-

            day category of injury (see Dacosta v Gibbs, 139 AD3d 487, 488 [1st Dept 2016] [“Plaintiff's

            testimony indicating that she missed less than 90 days of work in the 180 days immediately

            following the accident and otherwise worked “light duty” is fatal to her 90/180–day claim”];

            Strenk v Rodas, 111 AD3d 920 [2d Dept 2013] [plaintiff returned to work on a partial basis

            during the relevant period of time ]; Hamilton v Rouse, 46 AD3d 514, 516 [2d Dept 2007]

            [“The plaintiff testified at trial that he missed only one month of work, that he then returned

            to work on a part-time basis, and that, after another month, he had resumed working on a

            full-time basis”]). The reports of doctors Guttman and Berkowitz also make a prima facie

            showing with regard to the other categories of injury claimed by the plaintiff in her bill of

            particulars. The burden of proof then shifts to plaintiff.

                   Plaintiff contends that the medical evidence she has submitted overcomes the

            motion and raises a triable issue of fact as to whether she sustained a serious injury under

            Insurance Law § 5102(d).

                   The plaintiff opposes the motion with an attorney’s affirmation and memorandum of

            law, an affidavit from the plaintiff, an affirmed report and records from Dr. Daniel Wilen,

            plaintiff’s treating orthopedist, affirmed MRI reports from Dr. David Payne, the radiologist

            who originally interpreted the plaintiff’s MRI studies, a certified hospital record from

            Lutheran Medical Center, affirmed reports from Dr. Thomas Mathew, plaintiff’s treating

            physical medicine and rehabilitation doctor, various physical therapy records from DHD

            Medical and Back to Health Physical Therapy that were not submitted in admissible form

            and could not be considered, and an affirmed report from Dr. Raghava Polavarapu, an

                                                        4 of 8
[* 4]
  FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 01/02/2024 10:46 AM                                               INDEX NO. 509870/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 66                                                                   RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/02/2024

            orthopedist who conducted an IME of the plaintiff on October 20, 2016 for defendants’

            insurer.

                   Dr. Wilen first treated plaintiff shortly after the accident. At the plaintiff’s first exam

            on August 29, 2016, he noted reduced ranges of motion in the plaintiff’s left shoulder,

            cervical spine, and lumbar spine. In his recent exam, conducted on August 5, 2023, he

            noted that “[p]hysical examination of the left shoulder shows a positive Neer and Hawkins

            impingement sign, tenderness in both the rotator cuff and biceps tendon. There is

            restriction in motion with forward elevation of 110 degrees (normal 0-180), abduction to 80

            degrees (normal 0-180), internal rotation to 40 degrees (normal 0-40), external rotation to

            20 degrees (normal 0- 90) with clicking and positive impingement sign and tenderness

            deep into the rotator cuff muscle.” Upon examination of the plaintiff’s cervical spine, he

            noted that “[t]he cervical spine shows spasms from C1 to C6, tenderness over the C6, C7

            and T1 spinous processes. There is restriction in motion with flexion to 30 degrees (normal

            0- 45), extension to 25 degrees (normal 0-45), lateral bending to the right to 15 degrees

            (normal 0- 45), lateral bending to the left to 20 degrees with 4/5 muscle strength in the

            cervical spine, 4/5 muscle strength in the upper extremities including the biceps, triceps

            and wrist flexors and extensors with +1 reflexes, decreased” [Doc 44].

                   Dr. Wilen also examined the plaintiff’s lumbar spine and notes that “[t]he lumbar

            spine shows spasms from L1 to L5, tenderness over the L2, L3 and L4 spinous processes;

            spasms throughout the paravertebral muscles of the lumbar spine; decreased range of

            motion with flexion to 60 degrees (normal 0-90), extension to 20 degrees (normal 0-45);

            lateral bending to the right to 15 degrees (normal 0-45) and lateral bending to the left to 15

            degrees with 4/5 muscle strength in the lumbar spine; 4/5 muscle strength in the lower

            extremities including the quadriceps, hamstrings, anterior tibialis, and extensor hallucis

                                                        5 of 8
[* 5]
  FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 01/02/2024 10:46 AM                                             INDEX NO. 509870/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 66                                                                RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/02/2024

            bilaterally with +1 reflexes, decreased.” Finally, Dr. Wilen opines that the plaintiff “has

            suffered permanent injuries as a result of this accident and will need physical therapy

            throughout her lifetime to the neck, back and left shoulder. She will need epidural injections

            to the cervical and lumbar spine in the future due to the significant herniation of the discs

            and compression of the nerve. She will also need cervical and lumbar fusion in the future

            due to the severity of the discs that were herniated in both the neck and back. She will

            need orthopedic follow-up on a quarterly basis, pain medications including anti-

            inflammatory medications, and possibly even narcotic medication if the pain worsens.”

                   Dr. Mathew, plaintiff’s treating physical medicine and rehabilitation doctor, offers

            seven narrative reports detailing his examinations of the plaintiff from the date of the

            plaintiff’s initial visit, two days after the accident, on June 17, 2016 through May of 2017.

                   Plaintiff also provides a number of affirmed reports from Dr. Thomas S. Mathew. At

            the initial exam, Dr. Mathew noted reduced ranges of motion in the plaintiff’s cervical spine,

            lumbar spine and both shoulders, when compared to “normals,” and opines that “there is

            a causal relationship between the patient's injury on June 15, 2016 and the current

            symptoms.” In the report dated May 31, 2017, Dr. Mathew notes that his exam of the

            plaintiff’s cervical spine revealed that “some tenderness to palpation in the cervical

            paraspinal musculature. Range of motion revealed: Cervical flexion 45 degrees out of

            normal 50 degrees. Cervical extension 50 degrees out of normal 60 degrees. Bilateral

            rotation 73 out of normal 80 degrees. She had a negative Spurling's test bilaterally.” His

            exam of the plaintiff’s lumbar spine also revealed “tenderness to palpation in the lumbar

            paraspinal musculature” and range of motion testing revealed “Lumbar flexion 65 degrees

            out of normal 90 degrees. Lumbar extension 23 degrees out of normal 30 degrees. Bilateral

            side bending 30 degrees out of normal 40 degrees. She had a negative straight leg raise

                                                       6 of 8
[* 6]
  FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 01/02/2024 10:46 AM                                                  INDEX NO. 509870/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 66                                                                    RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/02/2024

            bilaterally.” Dr. Mathew also opines that “[a]t this point, as the patient has reached a plateau

            in regard to physical therapy for both the cervical and lumbar spines, I do believe the patient

            has reached maximal medical improvement and will discontinue physical therapy for these

            body parts at this time. The patient is encouraged to continue doing exercises as part of

            her home exercise program to help prevent exacerbations of the neck and back.”

                    Plaintiff also offers the affirmed reports from Dr. David Payne, the radiologist who

            interpreted plaintiff’s cervical and lumbar MRI films. In his affirmed report for the MRI of the

            cervical spine, Dr. Payne notes that there is a “[b]ulging disc at C4-5 with thecal sac

            impingement," a “[r]ight paracentral herniation at C5-6 with hemicord compression and

            impingement upon the position of the right C7 root," and a “[r]ight paracentral herniation at

            C6-7 with thecal sac indentation.” In his review of the plaintiff’s lumbar spine MRI, Dr.

            Payne notes a “[b]ulging disc at L2/3 without stenosis," a “[b]ulging disc at L3/4 without

            stenosis,” a ”[r]ight paracentral herniation at L4/5 with midline annular tear component,

            thecal sac indentation and impingement upon right L5 root," and a “[r]ight paracentral

            herniation at L5/S1 with impingement upon thecal sac and originating S1 roots.”

                    The court finds that the plaintiff has overcome the motion and raised a triable issue

            of fact as to whether she sustained a “serious injury” as a result of the subject accident

            (see Young Chan Kim v Hook, 142 AD3d 551, 552 [2d Dept 2016]). Dr. Wilen opines that

            plaintiff   has   significant,   quantified   restrictions   in   her   range   of   motion,   both

            contemporaneously with the accident and recently. His opinion is supported by the reports

            of Dr. Mathew, who also notes that the plaintiff had significant, quantified restrictions in her

            range of motion contemporaneously with the accident. Further, Dr. Wilen opines as to the

            permanent nature of plaintiff’s injuries and states that plaintiff’s injuries were caused by the

                                                          7 of 8
[* 7]
  FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 01/02/2024 10:46 AM                                              INDEX NO. 509870/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 66                                                                 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/02/2024

            subject accident. Thus, the parties’ doctors raise a “battle of the experts.” This is sufficient

            to raise an issue of fact which requires a trial.

                   Accordingly, it is ORDERED that the motion is denied.

                   This constitutes the decision and order of the court.

            Dated: December 29, 2023

                                                                       ENTER:

                                                                                 db
                                                                       Hon. Debra Silber, J.S.C.

                                                        8 of 8
[* 8]