Court Opinion

ID: 9634422
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-22 13:11:39.595374+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:09:02.704343
License: Public Domain

*299MYERS, Associate Judge
(dissenting).
I am unable to agree with the majority opinion -in its reasoning and conclusion that the District of Columbia Court of General Sessions had jurisdiction to consider and determine actions brought under the Securities Act of 19331 to recover damages from appellants for their failure to deliver certain securities purchased by appellees.
By applying only Section 771 of the Act, the majority holds that the District of Columbia Court of General Sessions is a “court of competent jurisdiction” as set forth in that section. But I submit that Section 771 cannot be read alone but must be read as further specifially defined by Section 77v.2
The right created by Section 771 is enforceable in “any court of competent jurisdiction,” but, as defined by Section 77v, “competent jurisdiction” is specifically stated to mean “The district courts of the United States and the United States courts of any Territory * * * and, concurrent with State and Territorial courts * *” The “Historical Note” following Section 77v in the 1963 edition of the United States Code Annotated explains that the words, “and the district court of the United States for the District of Columbia,” which originally followed the words, “the United States courts of any territory,” have been deleted as superfluous in view of section 132(a) of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
It is a cardinal rule of statutory construction that significance and effect should, if possible, without destroying the sense or effect of the law,3 be accorded every part of the act,4 including every section.5 When the sections of the Act are read together as a whole, specific courts qualify as being “court[s] of competent jurisdiction.”
The courts of a state derive their jurisdiction from the constitution and laws of the state and do not derive any power from the laws of the United States. Congress cannot confer jurisdiction upon a state court or any other court which it has not ordained and established.6 The jurisdiction of state courts over cases founded on Federal statutes does not rest on any theory that Congress can vest in state courts any part of the judicial power of the United States, but the power exercised by them in such cases is the judicial power of the state and not of the United States.7
In enacting the Securities Act of 1933, Congress did not attempt to ordain and establish the state courts as inferior courts of the United States in the sense of the Constitution, but merely stated that if the state courts otherwise had jurisdiction then they could exercise jurisdiction under the Act. Congress thus refused to preempt the securities field as it could have done under its broad commerce powers conferred by the Constitution.
The Constitution of the United States, Art. I, Section 8, Clause 17, gives Con*300gress power “[t]o exercise exclusive Legislation in all cases whatsoever” over the District of Columbia. Congress has exercised that power by establishing here a judicial system separate from the Federal courts. I'f Congress cannot confer jurisdiction on state courts because of the dual nature of our judicial system, then the courts established pursuant to its powers in the District cannot be equated to state courts. A variety of jurisdiction and powers may be vested by Congress on the courts in the District,8 but such jurisdiction and powers are limited by the express terms of the act conferring them.9
The Municipal Court of the District of Columbia, now the District of Columbia Court of General Sessions, has always been a court of limited jurisdiction. It is neither a state court nor a territorial court. Being created by statute, its jurisdiction cannot be extended by inference or implication 10 unless essential to carry out the plain intention of Congress. There is no indication in the legislative history of the Securities Act of 1933 that Congress intended to, confer on the Municipal Court limited, concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal District Court here. The court specifically given jurisdiction in the District of Columbia and named in the 1933 Act was the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, subsequently renamed the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The Municipal Court was never mentioned. No proposal was offered to Congressional committees studying the several bills that eventually made up the final Act to extend jurisdiction to any court in the District other than the Federal court. There is no indication that Congress had in mind the old Police Court or the early Municipal Court11 in spelling out with meticulous care the competent courts in this country on which jurisdiction was conferred for litigation arising under the Act.
Hall v. Chaltis,12 relied on by the majority to support its conclusion that the Municipal Court is sufficiently analogous to a state court to give it jurisdiction in this case, presumes the very conclusion that is in issue here, i. e., is the Municipal Court analogous to a state court?
The Emergency Price Control Act of 194213 provides that “The district courts shall have jurisdiction of criminal proceedings for violations of section 4 of this Act, and, concurrently with State and Territorial courts, of all other proceedings * * *_”14 In (¿g absence of express language such as is found in Section 77v of the Securities Act, which specifically names the courts that have competent jurisdiction, this court properly ruled that the Small Claims Branch of the Municipal Court had jurisdiction. Other provisions of the Act authorize an action at law to recover $50, or three times the amount of illegal overcharges, and these factors were considered along with the section setting forth jurisdiction. This court was correct in refusing to require that a suit, involving a maximum recovery of approximately fifty dollars, be brought exclusively in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, when the purpose of the Act was to allow a private individual wronged to have speedy action against violators of the Act in order to prevent war*301time inflation. To have required a multitude of small suits to be brought only in the District Court would have stymied Congressional intent. It is only in such a case that, in order to carry out the plain intention of Congress, the courts should extend their jurisdiction by implication. The application of Hall should be limited and it should not be relied upon to give jurisdiction in the instant case, one brought under an entirely different, and more specific, act enacted nine years previously. When it is used by the majority to extend jurisdiction, . there is failure to give heed to the plain intent of Congress. Had Congress in 1933 intended to confer jurisdiction on the precursors of the District of Columbia Court of General Sessions, it would have been an easy matter to insert appropriate words to that effect. Later increases in the jurisdictional limit of the Municipal Court indicated no Congressional intent to extend the jurisdiction of the court to cover cases arising under the Securities Act. The District of Columbia Court of General Sessions still remains a court of limited jurisdiction and its powers must be construed strictly. In the absence of words specifically conferring jurisdiction under the Securities Act, or of later amendments to that Act, I am satisfied that the Act requires that civil actions arising thereunder in the District of Columbia be brought in the Federal District Court which has jurisdiction under the Act regardless of the amount in controversy or the citizenship of the parties.15 I do not believe that this court should be influenced, in the absence of any ambiguity in the jurisdictional provisions of the 1933 Act and in the light of the definite description of the courts competent to hear cases arising thereunder, to hold that the District of Columbia Court of General Sessions is also such a competent court for that purpose merely because the amounts sought in recovery here fall within the statutory civil damage limit of the court and an earlier hearing can be secured.16
As I have concluded that the trial court had no jurisdiction under the Securities Act of 1933 to entertain these causes of action, it is unnecessary for me to discuss the merits of the two claims involved. I would reverse and remand for dismissal.

. Securities Act of 1933, 48 Stat. 74, as amended 15 U.S.C. §§ 77a-77aa.

. 15 U.S.C. § Tlv provides: “(a) The district courts of the United States, and the United States courts of any Territory, shall have jurisdiction of offenses and violations under this subchapter and under the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission in respect thereto, and, concurrent with State and Territorial courts, of all suits in equity and actions at law brought to enforce any liability or duty created by this sub-chapter. * * * No case arising under this subchapter and brought in any State court of competent jurisdiction shall be removed to any court of the United States. * * *”

. People v. Welch, 71 Mich. 548, 39 N.W. 747, 1 L.R.A. 385.

. D. Ginsberg & Sons v. Popkin, 285 U.S. 204, 52 S.Ct. 322, 76 L.Ed. 704.

. Ledbetter v. Hall, 191 Ark. 791, 87 S.W.2d 996.

. Walton v. Pryor, 276 Ill. 563, 115 N.E. 2, L.R.A.1918E, 914, writ of error dismissed in 245 U.S. 675, 38 S.Ct. 10, 62 L.Ed. 542.

. Bowles v. Barde Steel Co., 177 Or. 421, 164 P.2d 692, 162 A.L.R. 328.

. O’Donoghue v. United States, 289 U.S. 516, 53 S.Ct. 740, 77 L.Ed. 1356.

. Campbell v. Porter, 162 U.S. 478, 16 S.Ct. 871, 40 L.Ed. 1044; Vaughan v. Northup, 15 Pet. (U.S.) 1, 10 L.Ed. 639.

. Davis v. Universal Corp., D.C.Mun.App., 133 A.2d 479.

. These two courts were combined in 1942 to establish the Municipal Court for the District of Columbia.

. Hall v. Chaltis, D.C.Mun.App., 31 A.2d 699.

. Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, Public Law 421, 77th Cong., as amended by the Act of Oct. 2, 1942, Public Law 729, 77tU Cong. U.S.Code Cong. & Adm. News, 1942, pp. 23, 1202.

. Supra, note 13, Section 205(c).

. Deckert v. Independence Shares Corporation, 311 U.S. 282, 289, 61 S.Ct. 229, 85 L.Ed. 189.

. Although a number of suits have been filed under the Securities Act of 1933 in the Federal District Court here, there is no record of any suit heretofore filed in the Municipal Court until the present cases.