Court Opinion

ID: 863357
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-04-26 23:58:28.001227+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:16:29.853474
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                         OF THE
                                  STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
                                        NO. 2000-KA-00328-COA
KEITH MORRIS A/K/A KEITH LAMONT MORRIS                                                        APPELLANT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI                                                                            APPELLEE

DATE OF TRIAL COURT                        02/17/2000
JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE:                               HON. MARCUS D. GORDON
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                 SCOTT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                    EDMUND J. PHILLIPS JR.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:                    OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                           BY: JEAN SMITH VAUGHAN
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:                         KEN TURNER
NATURE OF THE CASE:                        CRIMINAL - FELONY
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:                   BUSINESS BURGLARY-HABITUAL OFFENDER:
                                           COUNT I, SENTENCED TO LIFE IMPRISONMENT IN
                                           THE MDOC, WITHOUT PAROLE, SUSPENSION OR
                                           REDUCTION OF SENTENCE;

                            COUNT II, SENTENCED TO LIFE IMPRISONMENT IN
                            THE MDOC, WITHOUT PAROLE, SUSPENSION OR
                            REDUCTION OF SENTENCE.
DISPOSITION:                AFFIRMED - 8/7/01
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: 9/4/2001; denied 10/30/2001
CERTIORARI FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:             11/20/2001

     BEFORE KING, P.J., LEE, AND CHANDLER, JJ.

     CHANDLER, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. Keith Morris was convicted by a jury of two counts of business burglary and the Scott County Circuit
Court sentenced him as a habitual offender to two life sentences. Aggrieved by his convictions, Morris cites
the following issues on appeal: (1) the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress his confession and
(2) the trial court should have granted a mistrial. Finding no error, we affirm.

                                                   FACTS

¶2. Keith Morris walked into the Morton Police Department seeking help for his drug addiction. He was
instructed to seek help from the chancery clerk's office. About one hour later, Morris returned to the police
department and informed Investigator Mack Adcox that he wanted to confess to some burglaries. Adcox
read Morris his rights and Morris signed a waiver of rights form. Morris then told Adcox that he had
burglarized two businesses that were located in the same building. Morris gave a detailed description of
how he gained access to the businesses, and thoroughly described the items he stole. Adcox committed
Morris's statement to paper and Morris read the statement and signed it. Officer Kenny Chipley was
present when Morris gave his statement and he witnessed Morris read and sign the statement.

¶3. In his statement, Morris said that he went to an abandoned building behind an auto shop and entered
through a boarded-up door. He removed a coat from one of the cars in the auto shop. He then entered the
office and took a radio and some change. About half an hour later, Morris returned and, with a jack-
handle, broke both windows of an adjoining business. He took $200 from the business. Morris gave the
coat and radio to Gregory Baptiste, his one-time roommate. Morris was arrested and indicted on two
counts of business burglary.

¶4. Morris challenged the voluntariness of his statement. In a suppression hearing conducted outside the
jury's presence, Morris claimed that he did not burglarize the two businesses. He stated that he visited the
police department because he needed help for his drug problem and he needed a place to stay because he
was homeless. Morris claimed that he had ingested $150-worth of crack cocaine about one hour before his
first visit to the police department. After the police sent him to the chancery clerk's office, Morris stated that
he sat on some outside steps to decide where he would spend the night.

¶5. About one hour after his first visit, Morris returned to the police department and told Investigator
Adcox: "I want to confess to some burglaries in your town." Adcox read Morris his rights and Morris
waived his rights in writing. Morris testified that he did not recall Adcox informing him of his rights;
however, he admitted that he signed the waiver form. Morris admitted that he gave the police the
information contained in his statement; he claimed, however, that his statement was inaccurate because he
did not commit the crimes. He explained that he made the statement because he was high on drugs and
wanted a place to spend the night.

¶6. Both Adcox and Chipley testified in the suppression hearing that Morris did not appear drunk or high
when he gave his statement. The circuit judge, noting that two hours had lapsed between the time that
Morris allegedly ingested the drugs and the time that he gave his statement, ruled that Morris's confession
was voluntary and denied the motion to suppress. The jury convicted Morris on both counts of burglary.
Since Morris was a habitual offender, the trial judge sentenced him to two life sentences.

                                           LAW AND ANALYSIS

      I. DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR IN DENYING THE MOTION TO SUPPRESS?

¶7. Morris argues that the cocaine he consumed before he gave his statement to the police impaired his
judgment and rendered his confession involuntary. He argues that the trial court erred when it failed to
suppress his statement. Officers Adcox and Chipley testified that Morris did not exhibit any signs that he
was under the influence of intoxicants. Further, Morris conversed intelligently with the officers. The State
argues that under these circumstances, the trial judge correctly overruled Morris's motion to suppress.

¶8. The trial court's determination that Morris's confession was admissible was a finding of fact which this
Court cannot disturb unless the trial court committed manifest error, applied an incorrect legal standard, or
the decision was contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence. Wright v. State, 730 So. 2d 1106
(¶11) (Miss. 1998). The trial court must look at the totality of the circumstances in making the factual
inquiry into the voluntariness of a statement or confession. O'Halloran v. State, 731 So. 2d 565 (¶18)
(Miss. 1999). "'The applicable standard for determining whether a confession is voluntary is whether, taking
into consideration the totality of the circumstances, the statement is the product of the accused's free and
rational choice.'" Herring v. State, 691 So. 2d 948, 956 (Miss. 1997) (quoting Porter v. State, 616 So.
2d 899, 907-08 (Miss. 1993)). The defendant bears a heavy burden in attempting to reverse a trial court's
decision that a confession is admissible. Smith v. State, 737 So. 2d 377 (¶11) (Miss. Ct. App. 1998).

¶9. When a defendant challenges the voluntariness of his statement, the trial court must hold an evidentiary
hearing outside the jury's presence to determine the admissibility of the confession. Millsap v. State, 767
So. 2d 286 (¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2000). The State must prove the voluntariness of the statement beyond a
reasonable doubt. Id. The State establishes a prima facie case of voluntariness when the officer, or other
person having knowledge of the facts, testifies that "the confession was voluntarily made without any threats,
coercion, or offer of reward." Id. When the State establishes its prima facie case of voluntariness, the
defendant must then rebut the State's assertion of voluntariness. Sykes v. State, 749 So. 2d 239 (¶15)
(Miss. Ct. App. 1999). A defendant's mental condition will not itself render a confession inadmissible;
indeed, it is "but one factor to consider among the totality of the circumstances of a confession and
interrogation." Kircher v. State, 753 So. 2d 1017 (¶37) (Miss. 1999). Intoxication or illness will not
automatically render a confession involuntary. The confession's admissibility depends upon the degree of
intoxication. Id.

¶10. In the case sub judice, the State established a prima facie case that Morris's confession was
voluntary through the testimony of both of the police officers who were present during the statement. The
officers observed that Morris conversed intelligently and did not show any outward signs of drug or alcohol
intoxication. Further, Morris knew the details of the two burglaries, including the manner of entry into the
building and the particular items taken from the businesses.

¶11. Morris also had incredible recall of the events surrounding both his first and second trips to the police
department on the day he entered his confession. Specifically, he remembered the following: he asked the
police for help; he was turned away at the police station; he sat outside for approximately one hour while
considering his options; he was concerned with securing a place to spend the night; and he gave the police
officers the details that were contained in his statement. His only explanation of why he gave such a detailed
statement was that he "was not in his right mind." The only event Morris did not remember was whether the
officer read him his rights; however, he admitted that his signature appeared on the waiver form.

¶12. Morris offered nothing to rebut the State's prima facie case of voluntariness other than his own self-
serving testimony that he was high on cocaine. Two experienced police officers viewed Morris's demeanor
and did not believe that Morris was impaired in any manner. Morris's assertion that he was impaired by his
cocaine consumption failed to rebut the State's prima facie case that the confession was voluntary. This is
especially true given that Morris was able to recall the details of the burglaries, the particular items which
were taken, and the events leading up to his confession.

¶13. The trial court did not commit manifest error in finding that Morris's statement was voluntarily and
knowingly made. The trial judge did not apply an incorrect legal standard and the judge's finding of
voluntariness was not against the overwhelming weight of the evidence. Morris voluntarily visited the police
department twice on the day he confessed to the burglaries. Morris did not allege that his confession was
coerced. Morris initiated the encounter which resulted in his confession. Taking into consideration the
totality of the circumstances, Morris's statement was the product of his free and rational choice.

¶14. Morris also argues that the trial court should have suppressed his statement because he apparently
gave his statement before he waived his rights. Morris notes that the top of the form upon which his
statement is written indicates that the statement began at 10:45 p.m. and the bottom of the form indicates
that the statement concluded at 4:30 p.m. on the same day. Obviously, the statement could not have
concluded before it started. The form upon which Morris's confession was written included waiver of rights
language. Morris seems to believe that because of the time anomaly, his statement preceded the waiver.

¶15. At trial, Morris did not question any of the witnesses about the time anomaly. Further, he did not raise
the issue in his motion for new trial. The trial court cannot be held in error on a legal point never presented
for its consideration. Chase v. State, 645 So. 2d 829, 846 (Miss. 1994). We are not, thus, obligated to
review this issue. Nevertheless, we are not concerned that Morris confessed before he waived his rights.
The record reveals that Morris signed a separate waiver form at 3:45 p.m. on the day he gave his
statement. Unarguably, 3:45 p.m. precedes 4:30 p.m. or 10:45 p.m.; thus, Morris clearly waived his rights
before he gave his statement whether the statement began or concluded at 4:30 p.m. or 10:45 p.m.

¶16. Morris also claims that his statement should have been suppressed because Officer Chipley referred to
handwritten notes that Morris made from which Officer Adcox obtained the information used in writing the
statement. While the statement was introduced into evidence, Morris's handwritten notes were not. Morris
claims that before his confession could be accepted as voluntary, the State was required to produce the
source document from which the confession was written. Again, Morris failed to raise this issue before the
trial court or in his new trial motion. Again, we are not obligated to review this assertion. Again, if we
reviewed the assertion we would find it without merit.

¶17. Chipley testified in the suppression hearing that he thought Officer Adcox wrote the statement from
handwritten notes made by Morris. This was the only time during either the hearing or the trial that the
possible existence of handwritten notes was mentioned. Officer Adcox was not asked if Morris provided
handwritten notes. Most importantly, Morris agreed that he supplied the information contained in the
statement he signed. The State met its burden of proving that Morris voluntarily confessed to the burglaries,
and the failure to include possible handwritten notes from Morris did not render his confession involuntary.

      II. SHOULD THE TRIAL COURT HAVE SUA SPONTE GRANTED A MISTRIAL?

¶18. Morris testified at trial that he did not commit the burglaries; rather, Gregory Baptiste and a guy
nicknamed "Chicago" committed the crimes. Morris testified that he heard Baptiste and "Chicago"
discussing the burglaries while they were all getting high. According to Morris, he gleaned the details of the
burglary from this discussion. On cross-examination, the following colloquy ensued:

      Q. Well, out of the presence of the jury, I showed you this [the statement], and I asked if you gave
      them [Adcox and Chipley] all this information, and you said you did; is that right?

      A. Yes, I did.

      Q. Did you or didn't you.
      A. Yeah.

      Q. All right. You left out the part at that time about Gregory Baptiste and some guy called Chicago
      telling you about it; didn't you.

      A. You didn't ask me that.

      Q. Oh, okay. Is that the game we are going to play, I didn't ask you that?

At this point Morris's attorney said "Your Honor, I will object to that." The judge sustained the objection
and Morris's attorney commented: "That was an evidentiary hearing." Morris argues that because
information from the suppression hearing was revealed to the jury, the trial court should have granted a
mistrial. However, Morris's attorney did not move for a mistrial. He simply objected and the court sustained
the objection. In short, he got what he asked for.

¶19. In Blackwell v. State, 44 So. 2d 409, 410 (Miss. 1950), the supreme court stated:

      It is now well settled that when anything transpires during the trial that would tend to prejudice the
      rights of the defendant, he cannot wait and take his chances with the jury on a favorable verdict and
      then obtain a reversal of the cause in this Court because of such error, but he must ask the trial court
      for a mistrial upon the happening of such occurrence when the same is of such nature as would entitle
      him to a mistrial. Such a motion was not made in the instant case, and since the trial judge did all he
      was asked to do at the time of the occurrence, the error complained of does not entitle the defendant
      to have the case reversed.

Since he did not ask, Morris is not entitled to seek reversal based on alleged error by the trial court for not
giving him relief he did not request.

¶20. Further, suppression hearings are held outside the presence of the jury so that evidence of a possible
confession will not be revealed if the confession is found to be involuntary. Once the trial court admitted
Morris's confession into evidence, the truthfulness and voluntariness of his confession were fodder for the
jury's consideration. Once a confession is admitted, "'either party has a right to introduce before the jury the
same evidence which was submitted [at the suppression hearing] as well as any other evidence relative to
the weight and credibility of the confession.'" Cole v. State, 525 So. 2d 365, 368 (Miss. 1987) (quoting
Rhone v. State, 254 So. 2d 750, 754 (Miss. 1971)). Inconsistencies in Morris's testimony during the
suppression hearing and his trial testimony were relevant to the issue of truthfulness. The trial court was
under no obligation to sua sponte declare a mistrial.

¶21. THE JUDGMENT OF THE SCOTT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT OF CONVICTION OF
TWO COUNTS OF BUSINESS BURGLARY AND TWO SENTENCES OF LIFE
IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT BENEFIT OF PAROLE, SUSPENSION, OR REDUCTION OF
SENTENCE, IS AFFIRMED. COSTS ARE ASSESSED TO SCOTT COUNTY.

      McMILLIN, C.J., KING AND SOUTHWICK, P.JJ., BRIDGES, THOMAS, LEE,
      IRVING AND MYERS, JJ., CONCUR.