Court Opinion

ID: 2767370
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-01-07 20:07:08.851236+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:26:22.917733
License: Public Domain

J-A35023-14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: R.W., A MINOR                 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                        PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: J.M.                                   No. 1311 WDA 2014

                 Appeal from the Order entered July 2, 2014,
           in the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County,
             Juvenile Division, at No(s): CP-65-DP-0000094-2014

BEFORE:     BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, and ALLEN, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY ALLEN, J.:                            FILED JANUARY 07, 2015

      J.M. (“Mother”) appeals from the order which adjudicated her minor

son, R.W. (“Child”), born in June of 2014, to be dependent. We affirm.

      On June 19, 2014, the Westmoreland County Children’s Bureau

(“WCCB”) filed a dependency petition as to Child, alleging that Child’s

biological father (“Father”) was incarcerated, and that he was an indicated

perpetrator of physical and sexual abuse of two of Child’s half-siblings.1 The

petition also alleged that Mother was an indicated perpetrator of medical

neglect for failing to report and failing to act after one of Child’s half-siblings

suffered severe injuries inflicted by Father. The petition indicated that both

Father and Mother were facing criminal charges as a result of their actions.

1
  At the time of the adjudication, Father had submitted to a paternity test to
determine whether he was actually the biological father of Child. The results
of that test are not contained in the certified record. However, on appeal,
both Mother and the Guardian ad Litem, who submitted a brief as an
appellee, describe Father as Child’s biological parent.
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WCCB filed a motion for aggravated circumstances as to Mother on June 27,

2014.

        A dependency hearing was held on July 2, 2014, during which the trial

court heard the testimony of WCCB caseworker, Paula Cerra; Mother’s

therapist, Benjamin Yaroch; and L.C., Child’s maternal grandmother.         An

order adjudicating Child dependent was entered that same day. The order

also found aggravated circumstances as to Mother, and the court issued a

separate aggravated circumstances order as well. On July 31, 2014, Mother

timely filed a notice of appeal, along with a concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b).

        Mother presents the following issues for our review.

        I. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt abused its discretion and
        committed an error of law in finding that the Westmoreland
        County Children’s Bureau proved by clear and convincing
        evidence that the minor child, [Child] is dependent based on
        hearsay opinion/diagnosis evidence where the declaring party
        did not testify.

        II. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt abused its discretion and
        committed an error of law by basing its ruling on Agency
        documents and reports that were not disclosed to Mother prior to
        or during the adjudication hearing. Further, the [c]ourt made
        findings based on a picture of A.M. and a picture of a text
        message which were not entered into evidence and were not
        disclosed to Mother. The [c]ourt did not order the Agency to
        provide this discovery after Mother’s objections.

        III. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt abused its discretion in finding
        and committed an error of law by finding that the Westmoreland
        County Children’s Bureau proved by clear and convincing
        evidence that aggravated circumstances exist as to Mother.

Mother’s Brief at 7 (suggested answers omitted).

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     We consider Mother’s issues mindful of the following.

     Our Supreme Court set forth our standard of review for
     dependency cases as follows.

           [T]he standard of review in dependency cases
           requires an appellate court to accept the findings of
           fact and credibility determinations of the trial court if
           they are supported by the record, but does not
           require the appellate court to accept the lower
           court's inferences or conclusions of law. Accordingly,
           we review for an abuse of discretion.

     In re R.J.T., 608 Pa. 9, 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (2010) (citation
     omitted).

          To adjudicate a child dependent, a trial court must
     determine, by clear and convincing evidence, that the child:

           is without proper parental care or control,
           subsistence, education as required by law, or other
           care or control necessary for his physical, mental, or
           emotional health, or morals. A determination that
           there is a lack of proper parental care or control may
           be based upon evidence of conduct by the parent,
           guardian or other custodian that places the health,
           safety or welfare of the child at risk.

     42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302. “Clear and convincing” evidence has been
     defined as testimony that is “so clear, direct, weighty, and
     convincing as to enable the trier of facts to come to a clear
     conviction, without hesitancy, of the truth of the precise facts in
     issue.” In re C.R.S., 696 A.2d 840, 843 (Pa. Super. 1997)
     (citation omitted).

            In accordance with the overarching purpose of the Juvenile
     Act “[t]o preserve the unity of the family whenever possible,”
     see 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6301(b)(1), “a child will only be declared
     dependent when he is presently without proper parental care
     and when such care is not immediately available.” In re R.T.,
     405 Pa. Super. 156, 592 A.2d 55, 57 (1991) (citation omitted).
     This Court has defined “proper parental care” as “that care which
     (1) is geared to the particularized needs of the child and (2) at a
     minimum, is likely to prevent serious injury to the child.” In re
     C.R.S., supra at 845 (citation omitted).
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           In regard to when a child should be removed from parental
     custody, we have stated:

                 The law is clear that a child should be removed
           from her parent’s custody and placed in the custody
           of a state agency only upon a showing that removal
           is clearly necessary for the child's well-being. In
           addition, this court had held that clear necessity for
           removal is not shown until the hearing court
           determines that alternative services that would
           enable the child to remain with her family are
           unfeasible.

     In re K.B., 276 Pa. Super. 380, 419 A.2d 508, 515 (1980)
     (citations omitted). In addition, this Court has stated: “[I]t is
     not for this [C]ourt, but for the trial court as fact finder, to
     determine whether [a child’s] removal from her family was
     clearly necessary.” In re S.S., 438 Pa. Super. 62, 651 A.2d
     174, 177 (1994).

In re A.B., 63 A.3d 345, 349-50 (Pa. Super. 2013).

     Mother’s first claim is that the trial court based its decision to

adjudicate Child dependent on inadmissible hearsay testimony.            Mother’s

Brief at 15-17.   Mother cites to several instances where the trial court

admitted alleged hearsay evidence over the objection of counsel. Id. at 11.

           When we review a trial court ruling on admission of
     evidence, we must acknowledge that decisions on admissibility
     are within the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be
     overturned absent an abuse of discretion or misapplication of
     law. In addition, for a ruling on evidence to constitute reversible
     error, it must have been harmful or prejudicial to the
     complaining party.

           An abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment,
     but if in reaching a conclusion the law is overridden or
     misapplied,  or    the   judgment       exercised    is   manifestly
     unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will,
     as shown by the evidence or the record, discretion is abused.

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Phillips v. Lock, 86 A.3d 906, 920 (Pa. Super. 2014) (quoting Stumpf v.

Nye, 950 A.2d 1032, 1035-36 (Pa. Super. 2008), appeal denied, 962 A.2d

1198 (Pa. 2008)).

      After a thorough review of the testimony presented during the

dependency hearing, we conclude that Mother is not entitled to relief. Even

if we were to determine that the trial court erroneously admitted certain

hearsay testimony, this would not warrant a reversal of the trial court’s

order. Even excluding the statements to which counsel objected, there was

more than enough testimony produced during the hearing to support the

adjudication of dependency.

      Ms. Cerra, the WCCB caseworker, testified that Child’s half-sibling,

A.M., was hospitalized due to “acute injuries to the scrotum.”            N.T.,

7/2/2014, at 47.     Moreover, at the time A.M. was hospitalized, it was

determined that he had pre-existing facial injuries.     A.M.’s facial injuries

were beginning to heal, and it appeared that they had been inflicted days

before the hospitalization. Id. at 47, 64-66. Medical reports indicated that

A.M. was still in severe pain as a result of his facial injuries at the time he

was hospitalized, and Ms. Cerra confirmed, during cross-examination by

Father’s counsel, that according to A.M.’s physician, the injuries “would have

caused severe pain and did require medical attention.” Id. at 48, 65.

      Additionally, when Mother sent a picture of A.M.’s face to his biological

father, the father reacted with concern.    Id. at 59.   Mother responded by

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stating multiple times that she did not want to get others involved, because

she did not want to be investigated. Id. at 59-60. Ms. Cerra testified that,

had she been made aware of A.M.’s facial injuries at the time they occurred,

she would have put a safety plan in place. Id. at 64. She noted that she

saw a picture of A.M.’s face taken prior to his hospitalization, and that she

believed A.M. needed medical care based on viewing the picture. Id. at 30.

      In sum, the testimony presented during the dependency hearing

established that A.M. suffered facial injuries causing severe pain, that the

seriousness of A.M.’s injuries was apparent, and that the injuries remained

untreated for days until A.M. was finally hospitalized as a result of injuries to

his scrotum. This evidence by itself is sufficient to affirm the adjudication of

Child’s dependency, as it demonstrates that Mother and Father had, at the

very least, subjected A.M. to inexcusable neglect.

      Mother’s next issue is that the trial court abused its discretion by

adjudicating Child dependent based on evidence presented at a custody

hearing involving Mother and the father of Child’s half-siblings.       Mother’s

Brief at 17-19. Mother directs our attention to the findings of fact that were

issued by the trial court in conjunction with its dependency order, and

contends that the trial court erroneously took judicial notice of testimony

and exhibits presented at the custody hearing in order to support these

findings. Id.

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      Again, we conclude that Mother is not entitled to relief.              As we

explained,   supra,   there    was   ample    testimony    presented    during   the

dependency hearing to support the court’s conclusion that Child should be

adjudicated dependent.        Thus, even if we were to conclude that the trial

court erred by taking judicial notice of evidence presented at the custody

hearing, this would not warrant a reversal of the trial court’s order.

      Finally, Mother argues that the trial court erred by finding aggravated

circumstances.    Id. at 19-20.      “Aggravated circumstances” are defined as

follows.

      “Aggravated circumstances.”                Any      of   the   following
      circumstances:

             (1) The child is in the custody of a county agency
             and either:

                  (i) the identity or whereabouts of the
                  parents is unknown and cannot be
                  ascertained and the parent does not
                  claim the child within three months of
                  the date the child was taken into
                  custody; or

                  (ii) the identity or whereabouts of the
                  parents is known and the parents have
                  failed to maintain substantial and
                  continuing contact with the child for a
                  period of six months.

             (2) The child or another child of the parent has been
             the victim of physical abuse resulting in serious
             bodily injury, sexual violence or aggravated physical
             neglect by the parent.

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           (3) The parent of the child has been convicted of any
           of the following offenses where the victim was a
           child:

                 (i) criminal homicide under 18 Pa.C.S.
                 Ch. 25 (relating to criminal homicide);

                 (ii) a felony under 18 Pa.C.S. § 2702
                 (relating to aggravated assault), 3121
                 (relating to rape), 3122.1 (relating to
                 statutory sexual assault), 3123 (relating
                 to      involuntary    deviate    sexual
                 intercourse), 3124.1 (relating to sexual
                 assault) or 3125 (relating to aggravated
                 indecent assault).

                 (iii) A misdemeanor under 18 Pa.C.S. §
                 3126 (relating to indecent assault).

                 (iv) An equivalent      crime   in   another
                 jurisdiction.

           (4) The attempt, solicitation or conspiracy to commit
           any of the offenses set forth in paragraph (3).

           (5) The parental rights of the parent have been
           involuntarily terminated with respect to a child of the
           parent.

42 Pa.C.S. § 6302.

     Instantly, Mother’s argument with respect to this issue consists of two

sentences with no substantive discussion or citation to authority.       See

Mother’s Brief at 19-20. Thus, this claim is waived. Giant Food Stores,

LLC v. THF Silver Spring Development, L.P., 959 A.2d 438, 444 (Pa.

Super. 2008) (“The Rules of Appellate Procedure state unequivocally that

each question an appellant raises is to be supported by discussion and

analysis of pertinent authority.   Failure to do so constitutes waiver of the

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claim.”) (citations and quotation marks omitted).         Even if Mother had

preserved this claim properly, she would still not be entitled to relief.

Mother merely repeats her argument that the trial court relied erroneously

on hearsay testimony. For the reasons discussed supra, no relief is due.

         Accordingly, because we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its

discretion by adjudicating Child dependent, we affirm the order of the trial

court.

         Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/7/2015

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