Court Opinion

ID: 6144243
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-05 14:55:29.361395+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:54:47.824256
License: Public Domain

By the court, Monell, J.
No question arises in this case upon the exceptions of the plaintiffs to the dismissal of their complaint. If the ruling of the learned justice in excluding the evidence offered in support of the plaintiffs’ claim was correct, then there was no error in dismissing the complaint, for there was no evidence to support the cause of action. Nor can we now consider the question of the sufficiency of the facts stated in the complaint as constituting a cause of action. When the plaintiffs’ evidence was excluded, a motion had not been made to dismiss the complaint on the ground that there was not a cause of action stated, nor upon any ground; and if the complaint was open to the objection, the deficiency in the statement might have been supplied by proof. I cannot subscribe to the practice of allowing a defendant to wait until the plaintiff has closed his case, with*438out objecting to the sufficiency of the complaint, and then objecting. Such objection, it is true, is not waived by answering; but if the defendant does answer and goes to trial, he should not be allowed to take the objection after the plaintiiPs proof is in, provided such proof establishes a cause of action. The court of appeals, in Smith agt. Countryman (30 N. Y. R. 655, 668), discourages such practice, and holds that if new matter be inserted in an answer not constituting a defense, it should be demurred to; and that the practice resorted to in that case to correct the pleadings by motion at the trial, was not warranted by the Code, “ and should not be encouraged.” So it has been frequently held that such objection to the complaint cannot be first taken on appeal. (Pope agt. Dinsmore, 8 Abb. 429 ; Winterson agt. Eighth Av. R. R. Co. 2 Hilt. 389.) If, however, it is proper to allow such practice, it should be subjected to certain well understood rules, made applicable by the Code, in determining the sufficiency of pleadings, and to the power of the court to grant amendments.
First. If the facts proven establish a cause of action, the const may allow the complaint to be amended. (Code, § 173.)
Second. In the like case, the court may conform the pleadings to the facts proved. (Id.)
The power to amend a pleading or to conform it to the facts is discretionary; but it may be exercised in the cases and under the limitations contained in the section J have referred to. If, therefore, on the trial, the defect in the complaint is supplied by proof, the objection may be overruled. (Lounsbury agt. Purdy, 18 N. Y. R. 521; Emery agt. Pease, 2 Id. 64.)
When the questions were propounded to the witness Meyer, a motion to dismiss the complaint had not been made, and the answers to such questions might have overcome the objections to the complaint, by proving a contract of sale from the plaintiffs to the defendants, rendering it proper, in the discretion of the court, to allow an amendment *439or to conform the pleadings to the facts. Besides, it does not follow that an objection of variance would have been taken, inasmuch as to make such objection available, it must be proved that the party objecting has been misled. (Code, § 169.)
It seems to me, as the case stood when the evidence was sought to be given, it was error to exclude it. Such evidence, it was doubtless expected, would show a right to recover a judgment; and if it had proved sufficient to have enabled the court to give judgment according to the facts stated and proved, such a judgment might have been rendered, “without reference to the form used or the legal conclusions adopted by the pleader.” (Wright agt. Hooker, 10 N. Y. R. 59.)
But I also think the complaint contained a statement of facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. The pleading was inartistically drawn, redundant, and in parts irrelevant. It, however, alleged that the plaintiffs were sole agents “ for a .certain article of commerce known,” &c.; that it was their business to receive orders, and to order the goods from the manufacturers ;■ they, in fact, obtaining them and delivering them to the persons giving the orders. Their mode of busi ness was, upon receiving an order, to order from the manufacturers a corresponding quantity for re-sale to the parties giving the order; and that the meaning of the defendants’ order was, that the plaintiffs should order the wire and sell the same to the defendants.
These allegations, if proved, would, I think, establish a sale by the plaintiffs to the defendants. The mere styling ■themselves “ agents ” did not take from them the character of principals, if they were such in their dealing with the defendants. Persons who have exclusive right to make sales of particular manufactures within certain limits, frequently style themselves “agents,” and receive orders, which orders are filled by the manufacturers. But there is no such relation of principal and agent as would authorize the manufac*440turer to sell in Ms own name. Such persons stand in the relation of principals to their customers, and can enforce their contracts in their own names. Hence, in this case, if the .plaintiffs had baen permitted, they might have proved that, upon receiving the defendants’ order, they purchased the goods of the manufacturers and paid for them, and had them ready for delivery. Such proof, it seems to me, would have shown a cause of action in their favor against the defendants.
The objection that the acceptance of the order by the plaintiffs was qualified, and that there is no averment that such qualification was agreed to by the defendants, is obviated by the allegation that part of the wire was delivered and accepted by the defendants, after and under such qualification.
But, I think, without pursuing the argument further, that I have shown that the -exclusion of the evidence was improper; and for that reason, even assuming that the complaint was defective, the order dismissing the complaint should be reversed, and a new trial ordered,' with costs to abide event.