Court Opinion

ID: 3090415
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 03:55:25.13566+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:46:52.760711
License: Public Domain

Case: 13-30544      Document: 00512483973         Page: 1    Date Filed: 12/30/2013

           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
                                                                            United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                     Fifth Circuit

                                                                                   FILED
                                      No. 13-30544                         December 30, 2013
                                                                              Lyle W. Cayce
LEONARD BROUSSARD; BERTHA THIBODEAUX,                                              Clerk

                                                 Plaintiffs - Appellants
v.

DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY,

                                                 Defendant - Appellee

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Western District of Louisiana
                            USDC No. 2:11-CV-01446

Before BARKSDALE, PRADO, and HAYNES, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
       Leonard Broussard and Bertha Thibodeaux filed this diversity action
against The Dow Chemical Company and other entities for damages caused by
their activities on land owned by Broussard and Thibodeaux.                       Summary
judgment was awarded Dow on whether Broussard had a right to sue for
damages to land acquired after the alleged damage occurred and the mineral
lease had expired, and where that lease did not contain a stipulation pour
autrui (third-party beneficiary).          (The district court noted Thibodeaux

       * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
CIR. R. 47.5.4.
    Case: 13-30544    Document: 00512483973      Page: 2   Date Filed: 12/30/2013

                                  No. 13-30544

disclaimed any interest in the land on which Dow had conducted its operations;
she appears with Broussard, however, on the notice of appeal and seems to
assert a claim here. But, because Thibodeaux, in district court, disclaimed an
interest in the land at issue, only Broussard’s claims are addressed.)
      After Broussard appealed the summary judgment in January 2013, his
unopposed motion to dismiss his appeal without prejudice was granted. The
district court then severed the claims against Dow in April 2013, and
Broussard appealed on 30 April.
      Broussard challenges the summary judgment, including claiming the
district court erred in not allowing him to present parol evidence regarding the
intent of prior owners to transfer the right to sue in the sales contracts.
Essentially for the reasons stated by the district court, the judgment is
AFFIRMED.
                                       I.
      In August 1963, Agnes Benoit Harpin and Anthony H. Harpin signed a
mineral lease with Dow, covering “that certain tract or parcel of land
containing 51 acres, more or less, being situated in Section 13, Township 12
South, Range 4 West . . . .” The lease provided in clauses eight and nine:
      8.    The Lessee shall be responsible for all damages of
            Lessor caused by Lessee’s operations.
      9.    All provisions hereof shall extend to and bind the
            successors and assigns (in whole or in part) of Lessor
            and Lessee; but regardless of any actual constructive
            notice on the part of Lessee, no change in the
            ownership of the land or any interest therein or change
            in the capacity or status of Lessor, either resulting
            from sale, inheritance, interdiction, emancipation,
            attainment of majority, or otherwise, shall impose any
            additional burden on Lessee . . . .

                                       2
    Case: 13-30544     Document: 00512483973     Page: 3   Date Filed: 12/30/2013

                                  No. 13-30544

      Dow drilled one well on the property. Beginning in December 1966, that
well produced natural gas before it was plugged and abandoned in May 1975.
No further operations were conducted pursuant to the lease; and Dow released
all acreage subject to the lease in February 1977.
      In March 2000, after her father, Anthony H. Harpin, died, Julie Kathryn
Harpin Smith (who later married and took the surname Sorrell) became owner
of the land via judgment of possession. It stated Sorrell was “recognized as the
sole owner and [] sent into possession of decedent’s separate property”, which
included the land in issue. Sorrell immediately sold the tract to her aunt and
uncle, the Fuseliers. The private act of sale, in which Sorrell conveyed the land
to the Fuseliers, states in pertinent part:
            [Sorrell] does by these presents Grant, Bargain, Sell,
            Assign, Transfer, Convey, Setover and Deliver unto
            [Fuseliers] all and singular the following described
            property, together with all the buildings,
            improvements, appurtenances and privileges thereon
            and thereto belonging, or in anywise appertaining . . .
            [and]
            . . . with full and general warranty of title, and with
            full subrogation to all of the rights and actions in
            warranty against any and all former owners and
            vendors.

      By cash deed in August 2009, the Fuseliers sold the land to Appellant,
Broussard, and Jenny Lee Sonnier Broussard. The deed contains the following
language, which provided
            a complete transfer and subrogation of all rights
            (including all rights to claim and sue for damages of
            any nature relating to or concerning the property and
            any other right or action related to the previous
            ownership of the property) and actions, whether
            liberative or acquisitive, against all former owners
            and/or proprietors of the property, any tenants who
            use the property with or without permission . . .

                                        3
    Case: 13-30544     Document: 00512483973       Page: 4   Date Filed: 12/30/2013

                                  No. 13-30544

            [and granted]
            . . . full subrogation to all the rights of warranty and
            all other rights as held herein by [Fuseliers].

      In June 2012, Sorrell provided a declaration, pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 1746 (unsworn declarations under penalty of perjury), stating: “When I
inherited the Property, I inherited and was assigned all of the personal rights
held by my father, including any rights my father had against any prior owners
of mineral leases on the Property”. Sorrell continued: “I sold and conveyed
[the land] to [the Fuseliers, and] . . . the only right that I did not co[n]vey was
a 50% interest in the mineral rights on the property.            No other rights,
privileges, or prior assignments were held back or otherwise excluded—
expressly or by implication, from the conveyance”. William Fuselier, her uncle,
also provided a declaration, stating: “When I purchased said land, I believed
that I purchased all rights associated with the land, including any personal
rights and privileges associated with the land”.
      On 28 June 2011, this action was filed in Louisiana state court, against
Dow and other entities.      Broussard sought damages, claiming, inter alia,
defendants’ conduct and activities: unreasonably deprived him of the use of
his property; constituted a private nuisance; violated the good faith
requirement inherent in both the mineral lease and right-of-way agreements
between the prior owners of the land and defendants; represented a wanton or
reckless disregard for public safety; and constituted a trespass.
      Several defendants gave notice of removal on 9 August 2011, to which
Dow consented. Dow moved for summary judgment in June 2012, contending:
            Plaintiffs were not the owners of the property at the
            time the alleged damage to the property was inflicted
            by Dow, and therefore the subsequent purchaser
            doctrine applies to them. Plaintiffs do not have a
            personal right of action against Dow for damages.

                                        4
    Case: 13-30544     Document: 00512483973     Page: 5   Date Filed: 12/30/2013

                                  No. 13-30544

             Further, Plaintiffs did not receive an express
             subrogation or assignment of the right to sue for
             damages from the former property owners.

      Summary judgment was awarded Dow that December. Broussard v.
Dow Chem. Co., No. 2:11-CV-01446, 2012 WL 6042535 (W.D. La. 3 Dec. 2012).
In doing so, the court structured its ruling in three sections: the conveyance,
vel non, of the right to sue Dow, id. at *3-7; the applicability of the parol-
evidence rule, id. at *7-9; and the validity, vel non, of Broussard’s reformation
claim, id. at *9.
      Regarding the first point, the court focused on the primary disagreement
between the parties: whether the right to sue passed between Sorrell and the
Fuseliers, and from them to Broussard. Id. at *3, *6-7. Dow maintained the
right could only transfer by express written assignment because the lease had
terminated before the Fuseliers or Broussard bought the land. Id. at *3.
According to Dow, the absence of such express language in the sales contract
to the Fuseliers foreclosed the possibility of Broussard’s ever enjoying the right
to sue Dow. Id. Broussard countered Sorrell had properly assigned the right
to sue to the Fuseliers, who then assigned that right to Broussard in the
contract of sale. Id. Furthermore, Broussard maintained any ambiguity in the
contracts of sale could be clarified by reference to parol evidence. Id. at *7.
      The district court considered relevant Louisiana case law, including
Louisiana Supreme Court cases Eagle Pipe & Supply, Inc. v. Amerada Hess
Corp., 2010-2267 (La. 10/25/11); 79 So. 3d 246, reh’g denied (13 Jan. 2012), and
Prados v. S. Cent. Bell Tel. Co., 329 So. 2d 744 (La. 1975), as well as the
Louisiana third circuit case Lejeune Bros., Inc. v. Goodrich Petroleum Co., LLC,
2006-1557 (La. App. 3 Cir. 11/28/07); 981 So. 2d 23, writ denied, 2008-0298 (La.
4/4/08); 978 So. 2d 327. Id. at *3-5. Analogizing to the situation in Lejeune,
where the court found previous landowners could not transfer the right to sue

                                        5
    Case: 13-30544     Document: 00512483973       Page: 6   Date Filed: 12/30/2013

                                   No. 13-30544

to an assignee when the lease had expired, the district court ruled Broussard
could not have been assigned the right to sue Dow. Id. at *6.
      As for the third-party-beneficiary claim, the court considered paragraphs
eight and nine of the mineral lease, analogized again to Lejeune, and ruled “the
mineral lease indicates that Dow’s liability will not go beyond the damages of
the lessor” and the language referring to rights passing to successors or assigns
did not apply to either the Fuseliers or Broussard because neither was an
assignee of the lease. Id. at *6-7 (emphasis in original). Because the right to
sue is a personal right, the court reasoned, it must be expressly assigned and
cannot be “implicitly conveyed”; therefore, in the absence of an express
assignment, the court held Broussard could not receive the right to sue Dow
for damages stemming from its activities and operations on the land. Id. at *7.
      Relying on its ruling on the first point, the court held parol evidence was
inapplicable   where     the   subsequent-purchaser       rule   required    express
assignment of the right to sue in the contract. Id. at *8. To allow parol
evidence to subsequently inject the right to sue into contracts would have
“potential[ly] far-reaching consequences” and “essentially completely nullify
the longstanding ‘express assignment’ requirement”. Id.
      The third point is not at issue in this appeal. In any event, the court held
Broussard could not bring a reformation action to reform the terms of the
contract between Sorrell and the Fuseliers to reflect an express subrogation of
the right to sue, because the ten-year prescriptive period had passed. Id. at *9.
                                         II.
      The challenged summary judgment is reviewed de novo, applying the
same standard as did the district court. E.g., Feist v. La., Dep’t of Justice, Office
of the Atty. Gen., 730 F.3d 450, 452 (5th Cir. 2013). Summary judgment is
appropriate when “there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the

                                         6
    Case: 13-30544    Document: 00512483973     Page: 7   Date Filed: 12/30/2013

                                 No. 13-30544

movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law”. FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a). In
determining whether to grant a motion for summary judgment, the court views
the facts and evidence in the light most favorable to Broussard, the non-
movant. E.g., Dameware Dev., LLC v. Am. Gen. Life Ins. Co., 688 F.3d 203,
206-07 (5th Cir. 2012).
                                      III.
      Having reviewed the record and briefs, and listened to oral argument,
and essentially for the reasons stated by the district court in its well-reasoned
opinion, the judgment is AFFIRMED.

                                       7