Court Opinion

ID: 4083221
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-10-07 23:45:26.478617+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:07:55.552754
License: Public Domain

SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
           Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

495
KA 09-00388
PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., CENTRA, FAHEY, SCONIERS, AND VALENTINO, JJ.

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, RESPONDENT,

                    V                              MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

ROBERT D. BREWER, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
(APPEAL NO. 1.)

EASTON THOMPSON KASPEREK SHIFFRIN LLP, ROCHESTER (WILLIAM T. EASTON OF
COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

SANDRA DOORLEY, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, ROCHESTER (GEOFFREY KAEUPER OF
COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.

     Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Monroe County (David
D. Egan, J.), rendered January 9, 2009. The judgment convicted
defendant, upon a jury verdict, of criminal possession of a weapon in
the second degree.

     It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is
unanimously affirmed.

     Memorandum: On appeal from a judgment convicting him following a
jury trial of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree
([CPW 2d] Penal Law § 265.03 [3]), defendant contends that Supreme
Court erred in refusing to suppress his written statement to the
police. We reject that contention. Contrary to defendant’s
contention, he was not in custody before giving his statement.

     After being released from jail on unrelated charges, defendant
was approached by an investigator from the Elmira Police Department,
who asked defendant if he would “come down and talk to” an
investigator. Defendant agreed, entered the investigator’s vehicle,
and was driven half of a block to the police station. At the station,
defendant agreed to wait there to speak to members of the Rochester
Police Department (RPD). Defendant waited, unrestrained, with his
girlfriend in an office. Approximately two hours later, an RPD
investigator arrived and took defendant to a separate office.
Defendant agreed to waive his Miranda rights, and was interviewed for
“approximately a little over half an hour” to 45 minutes. During that
interview, defendant provided the investigator with a written
statement. At no point were any promises or threats made to
defendant, and at no time did defendant ask for an attorney, for an
end to the interview, or for permission to leave the room. Defendant
was unrestrained during the entire period.
                                 -2-                           495
                                                         KA 09-00388

     It is well settled that the test for determining whether a
defendant is in custody or has been subjected to a de facto arrest is
“what a reasonable [person], innocent of any crime, would have thought
had he [or she] been in the defendant’s position” (People v Yukl, 25
NY2d 585, 589, cert denied 400 US 851; see People v Hicks, 68 NY2d
234, 240; People v Kelley, 91 AD3d 1318, 1318, lv denied 19 NY3d 963).
Here, defendant voluntarily accompanied the police officers to the
station, was not handcuffed, was permitted to sit with his girlfriend,
and “was not subjected to lengthy, coercive or accusatory questioning”
(People v Brown, 111 AD3d 1385, 1385, lv denied 22 NY3d 1155; see
People v Vargas, 109 AD3d 1143, 1143, lv denied 22 NY3d 1044; People v
Towsley, 53 AD3d 1083, 1084, lv denied 11 NY3d 795). “The mere fact
that the police may have suspected defendant of having [been involved
in a murder] prior to questioning him at the station does not compel a
finding that defendant was in custody” (People v Smielecki, 77 AD3d
1420, 1421, lv denied 15 NY3d 956). We thus conclude that “a
reasonable person, innocent of any crime, would not have thought he or
she was in custody if placed in defendant’s position” (id.).

     Defendant further contends that the sentence imposed on the CPW
2d count is unduly harsh and severe. Defendant was acquitted of
felony murder and attempted robbery, and the jury was deadlocked on
the charge of intentional murder. The court took a partial verdict on
the CPW 2d count, sentenced defendant on that count alone, and ordered
a new trial on the intentional murder count (People v Brewer [appeal
No. 2], ___ AD3d ___ [June 20, 2014]). In his written statement,
defendant admitted that he had been hired by a codefendant to kill
another person and that he had proceeded to the designated location
with a loaded and operable firearm with the intent to use that firearm
against the victim. Regardless whether defendant changed his mind
after arriving at the designated location, the crime of CPW 2d already
had been completed. Moreover, a codefendant used defendant’s gun to
commit the murder. Given those circumstances and the nature of the
crime, we see no basis to modify the sentence imposed.

Entered:   June 20, 2014                        Frances E. Cafarell
                                                Clerk of the Court