Court Opinion

ID: 4534445
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-05-14 20:00:34.176012+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:27:25.786282
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                            FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        MAY 14 2020
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                        No.   19-10036

                Plaintiff-Appellee,              D.C. No.
                                                 1:18-cr-00059-DAD-BAM-1
 v.

ROLANDO FELIX-CARRAZCO, AKA                      MEMORANDUM*
Rolandod Felix Carrazco, AKA Carrazco
Felix Rolando,

                Defendant-Appellant.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of California
                     Dale A. Drozd, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 11, 2020**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, and FRIEDLAND and BENNETT, Circuit
Judges.

      Defendant Rolando Felix-Carrazco appeals his conviction, following a jury

trial, for illegal reentry in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326. He argues that he was

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
denied his Sixth Amendment right to an impartial jury when the district court

dismissed a juror for refusing to follow the court’s instructions after the jury had

begun deliberating. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Reviewing the

district court’s dismissal of the juror for abuse of discretion and its factual findings

relating to juror misconduct for clear error, United States v. Vartanian, 476 F.3d
1095, 1098 (9th Cir. 2007), we affirm.

      A district court may dismiss a juror for “good cause” “[a]fter the jury has

retired to deliberate.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 23(b)(3). “A juror’s intentional disregard

of the law,” as instructed by the court, “can constitute good cause for dismissal of

the juror.” United States v. Christensen, 828 F.3d 763, 806 (9th Cir. 2015).

      The district court here did not abuse its discretion in dismissing Juror No. 7

because he openly admitted that he had “made statements indicating [his] intent

not to follow [the court’s] instruction” to disregard certain redacted information,

and further told the court that it would be “impossible” for him to “make an

objective appraisal [about the case] without some reference to that information”

going forward. Indeed, when the district court asked Juror No. 7 whether he would

be unable to ignore the redactions “[e]ven though I have instructed you to

disregard [them],” Juror No. 7 responded, “Of course.” This “violation of [his]

sworn duty to follow the law as instructed by the court” constituted good cause for

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Juror No. 7’s removal. Christensen, 828 F.3d at 807 (quoting Merced v. McGrath,

426 F.3d 1076, 1079-80 (9th Cir. 2005)).

      We are not persuaded by Felix-Carrazco’s argument that Juror No. 7 was in

fact dismissed because his views on the merits of the case conflicted with those of

the other jurors, and not because he refused to follow the district court’s

instructions. See id. at 807 (“[I]t is not permissible to discharge a juror based on

his views regarding the sufficiency of the evidence.”). It is true that Juror No. 7

mentioned at one point that “a doubt ha[d] been created” in his mind about the

evidence, which was his “basis for asking for more information” that had been

redacted. But “such a passing reference” to the state of the evidence “does not . . .

preclude discharge of the juror for good cause,” id. at 812, in light of Juror No. 7’s

unequivocal and repeated assertions that he believed the court was improperly

“withh[olding]” the redacted information from him. Notably, multiple jurors told

the district court that Juror No. 7 attributed his resistance to the court’s instructions

to his “distrust in the government . . . in general,” rather than to the strength of the

evidence in this particular prosecution. We therefore see no “reasonable

possibility that the impetus for [Juror No. 7’s] dismissal stem[med] from [his]

views on the merits of the case.” United States v. Symington, 195 F.3d 1080, 1087

(9th Cir. 1999).

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      We also reject Felix-Carrazco’s contention that the district court “delve[d]

too far into the jury’s deliberations” when it questioned individual jurors about

Juror No. 7’s misconduct. Where credible allegations of jury misconduct arise

during deliberations, “a district court may, within its sound discretion, investigate

the allegations through juror questioning.” Christensen, 828 F.3d at 809 (quoting

United States v. Boone, 458 F.3d 321, 329 (3d Cir. 2006)). In questioning the

jurors here, the district court scrupulously limited its inquiry to the circumstances

surrounding Juror No. 7’s reported refusal to follow its instructions, and repeatedly

cautioned each juror not to reveal anything about the substance of the jury’s

deliberations.

      AFFIRMED.

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