Court Opinion

ID: 4171131
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-05-23 19:14:25.98511+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:21:40.093828
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

                        NO. 2016-CA-00062-COA

GULFPORT PARTNERS V, L.P., GULFPORT                  APPELLANTS
PARTNERS VI, L.P., GULFPORT PARTNERS
VII, L.P., GULFPORT PARTNERS VIII, L.P.,
AND GULFPORT PARTNERS IX, L.P.

v.

HARRISON COUNTY BOARD OF                              APPELLEES
SUPERVISORS AND TAL FLURRY, TAX
ASSESSOR FOR HARRISON COUNTY,
MISSISSIPPI

DATE OF JUDGMENT:               12/18/2015
TRIAL JUDGE:                    HON. CHRISTOPHER LOUIS SCHMIDT
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:      HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
                                FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS:       JOHN G. CORLEW
                                KATHY K. SMITH
                                LYNN CHAIN WALL
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:        TIM C. HOLLEMAN
                                PATRICK TAYLOR GUILD
NATURE OF THE CASE:             CIVIL - OTHER
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:        DENIED APPELLANTS’ MOTION TO TAX
                                COSTS AND FOR PREJUDGMENT
                                INTEREST
DISPOSITION:                    AFFIRMED IN PART AND REVERSED
                                AND REMANDED IN PART - 05/23/2017
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

                        CONSOLIDATED WITH

                        NO. 2016-CA-00087-COA

BELLEMONT GARDENS, L.P., AND BILOXI                  APPELLANTS
GATES, L.P.

v.
HARRISON COUNTY BOARD OF                            APPELLEES
SUPERVISORS AND TAL FLURRY, TAX
ASSESSOR FOR HARRISON COUNTY,
MISSISSIPPI

DATE OF JUDGMENT:             12/18/2015
TRIAL JUDGE:                  CHRISTOPHER LOUIS SCHMIDT
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:    HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
                              SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS:     JOHN G. CORLEW
                              KATHY K. SMITH
                              LYNN CHAIN WALL
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:      TIM C. HOLLEMAN
                              PATRICK TAYLOR GUILD
NATURE OF THE CASE:           CIVIL - OTHER
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:      DENIED APPELLANTS’ MOTION TO TAX
                              COSTS AND FOR PREJUDGMENT
                              INTEREST
DISPOSITION:                  AFFIRMED IN PART AND REVERSED
                              AND REMANDED IN PART - 05/23/2017
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

                      CONSOLIDATED WITH

                      NO. 2016-CA-00090-COA

D’IBERVILLE PARTNERS, L.P.,                        APPELLANTS
WOOLMARKET PARTNERS, L.P., AND
WOOLMARKET PARTNERS II, L.P.

v.

HARRISON COUNTY BOARD OF                            APPELLEES
SUPERVISORS AND TAL FLURRY, TAX
ASSESSOR FOR HARRISON COUNTY,
MISSISSIPPI

DATE OF JUDGMENT:             12/18/2015
TRIAL JUDGE:                  CHRISTOPHER LOUIS SCHMIDT
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:    HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
                              SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS:     JOHN G. CORLEW
                              KATHY K. SMITH
                              LYNN CHAIN WALL
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:      TIM C. HOLLEMAN
                              PATRICK TAYLOR GUILD
NATURE OF THE CASE:           CIVIL - OTHER
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:      DENIED APPELLANTS’ MOTION TO TAX
                              COSTS AND FOR PREJUDGMENT
                              INTEREST
DISPOSITION:                  AFFIRMED IN PART AND REVERSED
                              AND REMANDED IN PART - 05/23/2017
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

                      CONSOLIDATED WITH

                      NO. 2016-CA-00091-COA

D’IBERVILLE PARTNERS, L.P.,                        APPELLANTS
WOOLMARKET PARTNERS, L.P., AND
WOOLMARKET PARTNERS II, L.P.

v.

HARRISON COUNTY BOARD OF                            APPELLEES
SUPERVISORS AND TAL FLURRY, TAX
ASSESSOR FOR HARRISON COUNTY,
MISSISSIPPI

DATE OF JUDGMENT:             12/18/2015
TRIAL JUDGE:                  CHRISTOPHER LOUIS SCHMIDT
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:    HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
                              SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS:     JOHN G. CORLEW
                              KATHY K. SMITH
                              LYNN CHAIN WALL
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:      TIM C. HOLLEMAN
                              PATRICK TAYLOR GUILD
NATURE OF THE CASE:           CIVIL - OTHER
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:      DENIED APPELLANTS’ MOTION TO TAX
                              COSTS AND FOR PREJUDGMENT
                              INTEREST

                                3
DISPOSITION:                                 AFFIRMED IN PART AND REVERSED
                                             AND REMANDED IN PART - 05/23/2017
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

       BEFORE LEE, C.J., BARNES AND GREENLEE, JJ.

       LEE, C.J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    This appeal arises from four consolidated cases: 2016-CA-00062-COA,

2016-CA-00087-COA, 2016-CA-00090-COA, and 2016-CA-00091-COA.1 In this appeal

we must decide whether the circuit court erred when it denied Gulfport Partners L.P.’s

motion for (1) the cost of bond premiums required by statute to perfect the appeal and (2)

prejudgment interest on the liquidated amount of tax in dispute required to be paid by the

statute. Gulfport Partners now appeals the circuit court’s denial of its motion.

                        FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2.    Gulfport Partners appealed its 2011 ad valorem county tax assessment, as assessed by

the Harrison County Tax Collector and approved by the Harrison County Board of

Supervisors (Board), to the Harrison County Circuit Court. While the case was pending in

the circuit court, the Mississippi Supreme Court handed down its decision in Willow Bend

Estates LLC v. Humphreys County Board of Supervisors, 166 So. 3d 494 (Miss. 2013), which

interpreted the statute governing the determination of the true value of affordable rental

housing for purposes of ad valorem taxation. In accordance with the supreme court’s

       1
         The appellants in each of the four cases present identical legal issues, and all involve
the Harrison County Board of Supervisors and the Harrison County Tax Collector as the
appellees. Our opinion refers to Gulfport Partners as a representative of all the appellants
in these consolidated cases. Thus, our decision applies to the other three consolidated cases
in the same manner as it applies to Gulfport Partners.

                                               4
decision in Willow Bend, all of the parties in the consolidated cases agreed on the amount of

the assessment for each property. Accordingly, an agreed final judgment was entered

directing the Harrison County Tax Collector to determine the taxes owed based upon the true

and assessed values in accordance with the supreme court’s ruling in Willow Bend and to

refund any amounts due to Gulfport Partners based upon the assessment. The agreed order

stated “that the court retain[ed] jurisdiction to consider costs and/or interest, if any.”

¶3.    Gulfport Partners then filed a “motion to tax costs and prejudgment interest.” The

costs requested in the motion included the costs of the bond premiums required to appeal the

ad valorem tax assessment and prejudgment interest from the date of overpayment of taxes

until the date of the refund. Gulfport Partners cited Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure

36(c), which provides that costs include “the premiums paid for cost of supersedeas bonds

or other bonds to preserve rights pending appeal.” The Board argues, and the trial court

found, that the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure did not apply to cases before the

circuit court. The circuit court denied Gulfport Partners’ motion, holding that there was no

statutory authority for the recovery of bond premiums as costs. The court also denied

Gulfport Partners’ request for prejudgment interest, noting that it failed to make demand for

it in its pleadings or cite to any statutory authority allowing for its award. Gulfport Partners

appeals the circuit court’s denial of its motion.

                                STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶4.    The issue on appeal is whether bond premiums are recoverable as a “cost” within the

meaning of Mississippi Code Annotated section 11-51-77 (Rev. 2012). An appellate court’s

                                               5
“review of a trial court’s interpretation of a statute presents a question of law; we review

questions of law de novo.” Miss. Ethics Comm’n v. Grisham, 957 So. 2d 997, 1000 (¶8)

(Miss. 2007) (quoting 32 Pit Bulldogs v. Cty. of Prentiss, 808 So. 2d 971, 973 (¶8) (Miss.

2002)).

                                        DISCUSSION

       I.     Bond Premiums

¶5.    Section 11-51-77 states, in relevant part:

       Any person aggrieved by a decision of the board of supervisors or the
       municipal authorities of a city, town or village, as to the assessment of taxes,
       may . . . appeal to the circuit court of the county, upon giving bond, with
       sufficient sureties, in double the amount of the matter in dispute, but never less
       than One Hundred Dollars ($100.00), payable to the state, and conditioned to
       perform the judgment of the circuit court. . . .

       If the matter be decided in favor of the person who appealed, judgment in his
       favor shall be certified to the board of supervisors, or the municipal authorities,
       as the case may be, which shall conform thereto, and shall pay the costs.

¶6.    Section 11-51-77 specifically governs the appeal of a county ad valorem tax

assessment. Though the parties and the circuit court refer to Mississippi Code Annotated

section 11-53-53 (Rev. 2012) for its applicability, we limit our discussion to section 11-51-

77, as it controls the instant case. “The well-settled principles of statutory construction

require recognition of the fact that the specific statute, [section] 11-51-77, controls the

general statute,” here being section 11-53-53. Lenoir v. Madison Cty., 641 So. 2d 1124, 1132

(Miss. 1994). “[Section 11-51-77] governs the method of appealing to the circuit court from

the board of supervisors, where a tax matter is involved, [and] is dispositive of the outcome

in the case sub judice.” Id.

                                               6
¶7.    Here, Gulfport Partners, as directed by the statute, properly appealed to the circuit

court the decision of the Board approving the county’s tax assessment. In order to appeal,

it consequently incurred the cost of bond premiums by posting the bond required by the

statute. It successfully challenged the tax assessments such that it was owed a refund.

Undisputedly, the statute mandates that the Board pay “the costs.” The parties disagree,

however, as to what constitutes “the costs” within the meaning of the statute.

¶8.    “When presented with a question regarding the application of a statute, [an appellate

court] strives to give the statute its effect as intended by the Legislature.” AmFed Nat’l Ins.

v. NTC Transp. Inc., 196 So. 3d 947, 958 (¶39) (Miss. 2016) (citing City of Natchez v.

Sullivan, 612 So. 2d 1087, 1089 (Miss. 1992)). Therefore, we first look to the language of

the statute. Id. “[I]f the words of a statute are clear and unambiguous, we apply the plain

meaning of the statute . . . .” Id. (quoting Lawson v. Honeywell Int’l. Inc., 75 So. 3d 1024,

1027 (¶7) (Miss. 2011)). “Where the [L]egislature has not defined a term within the statutory

scheme, we look to the term’s common and generally accepted meaning.” Moore ex rel. City

of Aberdeen v. Byars, 757 So. 2d 243, 248 (¶15) (Miss. 2000) (citing Corry v. State, 710 So.

2d 853, 861 (¶25) (Miss. 1998)). Finally, “[a]ll words and phrases contained in the statutes

are used according to their common and ordinary acceptation and meaning.” Miss. Code

Ann. § 1-3-65 (Rev. 2014).

¶9.    Here, it is clear from a plain reading of the statute that the appellant is required to post

a bond in order to appeal. It is also clear from the statute that where the appellant prevails,

the Board is required to pay the costs. This Court has previously noted that Mississippi

                                                7
caselaw, with respect to the definition of costs, is “consistent with the general language

found in the comment to [Mississippi] Rule [of Civil Procedure] 54(d).” Hubbard v. Delta

Sanitation of Miss., 64 So. 3d 547, 564 (¶69) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011). In so doing, we have

held that “costs represents those official expenses, such as court fees, that a court will assess

against a litigant.” Id. (citing M.R.C.P. 54(d) cmt.). Certainly, where the statute requires the

appellant to post a bond in order to appeal, the bond premiums constitute an “official expense

. . . that a court will assess against a litigant.” Id. Moreover, in the instant case, the

controlling statute does not give the circuit court the discretion to assess costs, but rather

requires it to assess costs: “shall pay the costs.” § 11-51-77 (emphasis added).

¶10.   Additionally, though the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure specifically govern

the procedures of this Court and the Mississippi Supreme Court, we do find Rule 36 to be

instructive in the instant case. Under Rule 36(c), recoverable costs on appeal include “the

premiums paid for cost of supersedeas bonds or other bonds to preserve rights pending

appeal.” Analogously, the instant case involved an appeal––albeit before the circuit

court—where the appellant, Gulfport Partners, incurred the cost of bond premiums as

required by the statute in order to appeal. Thus, Rule 36(c) provides further support for the

interpretation that “the costs” named in section 11-51-77 include the premiums paid for the

cost of the bonds required to appeal, as this interpretation is consistent with other Mississippi

appellate procedures. The dissent states that the “Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure

apply to proceedings in circuit court when the circuit court sits as an appellate court.”

However, the cases the dissent relies on for support specifically refer to when a circuit court

                                               8
sits as an appellate court in an appeal from a county court. See Van Meter v. Alford, 774 So.

2d 430, 432 (¶3) (Miss. 2000); Am. Inv’rs Inc. v. King, 733 So. 2d 830, 832 (¶4) (Miss.

1999); Adams v. Miss. State Oil & Gas Bd., 80 So. 3d 869, 871 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012).

The instant case deals with an appeal from a board of supervisors to the circuit court that is

governed by a specific statute. Our caselaw does not address the Mississippi Rules of

Appellate Procedure in this instance, and we decline to extend the established law.

¶11.   A plain reading of section 11-51-77, in conjunction with the meaning of costs in

accordance with the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure and our caselaw, illustrates that

“the costs” mandated by the statute include the bond premiums necessitated by the statute.

The circuit court erred when it denied Gulfport Partners’ motion to tax these costs. With

respect to this issue, the judgment of the circuit court is reversed.

       II.    Prejudgment Interest

¶12.   In its motion to tax the costs, Gulfport Partners also requested prejudgment interest

on the liquidated amount of overpayment, which was denied by the circuit court. We review

the circuit court’s grant or denial of a request for prejudgment interest under an abuse-of-

discretion standard. Indem. Ins. of N. Am. v. Guidant Mut. Ins., 99 So. 3d 142, 156 (¶39)

(Miss. 2012). Finding no abuse of discretion, we affirm.

¶13.   “The purpose of prejudgment interest is . . . ‘to provide compensation for the

detention of money [that is] overdue.’” Arcadia Farms P’ship v. Audubon Ins. Co., 77 So.

3d 100, 105 (¶19) (Miss. 2012) (quoting Moeller v. Am. Guar. & Liab. Ins. Co., 812 So. 2d

953, 958 (¶11) (Miss. 2002)). “It compensates . . . for the time value of money.” Id. (citing

                                               9
In re Guardianship of Duckett, 991 So. 2d 1165, 1182 (¶41) (Miss. 2008)).

¶14.   The supreme court has recognized that Mississippi Code Annotated section 75-17-7

(Rev. 2016) provides the circuit court with the discretion to award prejudgment interest:

       All judgments or decrees founded on any sale or contract shall bear interest at
       the same rate as the contract evidencing the debt on which the judgment or
       decree was rendered. All other judgments or decrees shall bear interest at a per
       annum rate set by the judge hearing the complaint from a date determined by
       such judge to be fair but in no event prior to the filing of the complaint.

Id. “This statute does not require judges to award prejudgment interest, but allows the judge

to determine the date from which interest will be calculated.” Indemnity, 99 So. 3d at 157

(¶39). The supreme court has also stated the following regarding the award of prejudgment

interest:

       It is well settled that in Mississippi a trial judge is afforded discretion in
       deciding whether to award prejudgment interest. Under Mississippi law,
       prejudgment interest may be allowed in cases where the amount due is
       liquidated when the claim is originally made or where the denial of a claim is
       frivolous or in bad faith. No award of prejudgment interest may rationally be
       made where the principal amount has not been fixed prior to judgment.

Id. at (¶40). Finally, “the party requesting prejudgment interest is required to make a demand

for prejudgment interest in its complaint.” Id. (citing Upchurch Plumbing Inc. v. Greenwood

Util. Comm’n, 964 So. 2d 1100, 1118 (¶45) (Miss. 2007)).

¶15.   Here, Gulfport Partners was owed a refund for the overpayment of taxes, which were

liquidated when it originally made its claim. So it is undisputed that Harrison County

detained money that was overdue so as to justify the purpose for which prejudgment interest

is awarded.    However, Gulfport Partners failed to make demand—as required—for

prejudgment interest in its pleadings. Further, section 11-51-77, the controlling statute, does

                                              10
not provide an award of prejudgment interest for the successful appellant. And Mississippi

Code Annotated section 27-73-1 (Rev. 2010), which governs the refund of erroneously paid

taxes, does not mention interest on the overpayment of taxes. Because Gulfport Partners did

not request prejudgment interest in its pleadings, and there is no statutory authority

mandating prejudgment interest, the circuit court did not abuse its discretion when it denied

Gulfport Partners’ request. Our decision applies fully and uniformly to the four cases

consolidated on appeal and to the respective appellants and appellees herein.

¶16. THE JUDGMENTS OF THE HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT ARE
AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED FOR FURTHER
PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION. ALL COSTS OF THIS
APPEAL ARE ASSESSED AT ONE-HALF TO THE APPELLANTS AND ONE-
HALF TO THE APPELLEES.

    IRVING, P.J., FAIR, WILSON AND GREENLEE, JJ., CONCUR. BARNES
AND WESTBROOKS, JJ., CONCUR IN PART AND IN THE RESULT WITHOUT
SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. CARLTON, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE
WRITTEN OPINION, JOINED BY GRIFFIS, P.J.           ISHEE, J., NOT
PARTICIPATING.

       CARLTON, J., DISSENTING:

¶17.   I respectfully dissent from the majority’s opinion. The Mississippi Rules of Appellate

Procedure apply to proceedings in circuit court when the circuit court sits as an appellate

court. See Van Meter v. Alford, 774 So. 2d 430, 432 (¶3) (Miss. 2000); Am. Inv’rs Inc. v.

King, 733 So. 2d 830, 832 (¶4) (Miss. 1999); Adams v. Miss. State Oil & Gas Bd., 80 So. 3d

869, 871 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012).

       GRIFFIS, P.J., JOINS THIS OPINION.

                                             11