Court Opinion

ID: 9387611
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-18 17:01:00.351339+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:14.773674
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                            FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 18 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

RICHARD DENT; et al.,                           No.    22-15261

                Plaintiffs-Appellants,          D.C. No. 3:14-cv-02324-WHA

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE, a New
York unincorporated association,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Northern District of California
                    William Alsup, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted March 21, 2023
                              Pasadena, California

Before: TALLMAN, BYBEE, and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges.

      Plaintiffs-Appellants (“Plaintiffs”) are eight retired football players who

represent a putative class of individuals who played in the National Football

League (“NFL”) between 1969 and 2008. The Plaintiffs allege that they sustained

injuries and chronic medical issues from, or that were exacerbated by, medications

given to them during their playing career to mask their pain. They allege this was

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
the product of an unwritten NFL policy to return them to the field more quickly to

maximize television revenues by keeping marquee players in the game, placing

revenue above player safety. Plaintiffs allege that the NFL breached a duty it

voluntarily undertook to ensure proper recordkeeping, administration, and

distribution of federally controlled medications given to players. In the instant

appeal—the third in this case—Plaintiffs now challenge three district court orders:

an order denying class certification, an order granting summary judgment, and an

order denying a motion for relief from judgment.

      We hold (1) the Plaintiffs failed to demonstrate that common questions of

law predominated for the putative class, (2) summary judgment was proper

because the Plaintiffs’ claims are time-barred by the statute of limitations or fail for

lack of proof of causation, and (3) denial of the motion for relief from judgment

was proper because the Plaintiffs’ corrected expert declaration still failed to prove

specific causation. Accordingly, we affirm the district court in all respects. The

parties are familiar with the facts of this case, so we do not recount them here.

They may be found in our prior opinions published at 902 F.3d 1109 (9th Cir.

2018), and 968 F.3d 1126 (9th Cir. 2020).

      1. Plaintiffs sought class certification under Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(3) which

requires that “the questions of law or fact common to class members predominate

over any questions affecting only individual members.” The district court did not

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abuse its discretion under Leyva v. Medline Industries. Inc., 716 F.3d 510, 513 (9th

Cir. 2013), when it refused to certify an issue class on duty and breach. Plaintiffs

failed to meet their burden to demonstrate before the district court that common

questions of law predominate when they did not analyze the law of all potentially

interested jurisdictions. Plaintiffs only analyzed the laws of New York, Arizona,

California, and Illinois. As the district court properly observed, the putative class

members include “thousands of current and former NFL players spanning 35 years

of play, 32 different teams, and medications administered and distributed (and

injuries suffered) in at least 23 different states.” The interested jurisdictions extend

beyond the four identified by Plaintiffs. This is fatal to their bid for class

certification. When a plaintiff fails to meet their burden to establish commonality,

the district court is not required to “sua sponte survey the law of all fifty states.” In

re Hyundai & Kia Fuel Econ. Litig., 926 F.3d 539, 562 n.6 (9th Cir. 2019).

      2. We review de novo a district court’s grant of summary judgment to

“determine, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving

party and drawing all justifiable inferences in its favor, whether there are any

genuine issues of material fact and whether the moving party is entitled to

judgment as a matter of law.” Las Vegas Sands, LLC v. Nehme, 632 F.3d 526, 532

(9th Cir. 2011) (quoting Orr v. Bank of Am., NT & SA, 285 F.3d 764, 773 (9th Cir.

2002)).

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      The district court did not err when it granted the NFL summary judgment.

The statute of limitations bars Plaintiffs’ claims for musculoskeletal injuries,

certain latent internal organ injuries, and later addiction because Plaintiffs were on

sufficient inquiry notice of the NFL’s conduct at the time they played football—the

same conduct that now forms the basis of their negligent voluntary undertaking

claims. Diligent investigation would have timely revealed the necessary facts

regarding the NFL’s conduct. Therefore, Plaintiffs cannot avail themselves of the

late discovery rule to excuse the running of the limitations statute. Fox v. Ethicon

Endo-Surgery, Inc., 110 P.3d 914, 921 (Cal. 2005). The district court also properly

granted summary judgment for the NFL on Wiley, Dent, and Hill’s claims for

internal organ injuries because Plaintiffs’ expert, Dr. Leslie Benet, failed to

establish specific causation between the medications taken and the internal organ

injuries they alleged. Benet failed to review Plaintiffs’ medical records and merely

states the drugs could have caused the ailments—not that they did.

      3. A district court’s ruling on a Fed. R. Civ. P. 59 or 60 motion for

modification of a judgment is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Allstate Ins. Co.

v. Herron, 634 F.3d 1101, 1111 (9th Cir. 2011) (Rule 59); Bateman v. U.S. Postal

Serv., 231 F.3d 1220, 1223 (9th Cir. 2000) (Rule 60).

      The district court accepted the corrected Benet declaration and admitted it

into the record after Plaintiffs realized they had provided the wrong declaration to

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the district court on summary judgment. Because the updated declaration still

failed to create a genuine dispute of fact as to specific medical causation, the

district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Plaintiffs’ motion for relief

from the adverse judgment previously entered.

      AFFIRMED.

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