Court Opinion

ID: 9905772
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-30 15:05:15.782032+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:23:52.823328
License: Public Domain

NOTICE: Summary decisions issued by the Appeals Court pursuant to M.A.C. Rule
23.0, as appearing in 97 Mass. App. Ct. 1017 (2020) (formerly known as rule 1:28,
as amended by 73 Mass. App. Ct. 1001 [2009]), are primarily directed to the parties
and, therefore, may not fully address the facts of the case or the panel's
decisional rationale. Moreover, such decisions are not circulated to the entire
court and, therefore, represent only the views of the panel that decided the case.
A summary decision pursuant to rule 23.0 or rule 1:28 issued after February 25,
2008, may be cited for its persuasive value but, because of the limitations noted
above, not as binding precedent. See Chace v. Curran, 71 Mass. App. Ct. 258, 260
n.4 (2008).

                       COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS

                                 APPEALS COURT

                                                  22-P-841

                         RICHARD ZIEHL, petitioner.

               MEMORANDUM AND ORDER PURSUANT TO RULE 23.0

       Following a trial in the Superior Court on his petition for

 release pursuant to G. L. c. 123A, § 9, a jury found that the

 petitioner, Richard Ziehl, was still a sexually dangerous person

 (SDP) and should remain civilly committed at the Massachusetts

 Treatment Center (treatment center).           On appeal, the petitioner

 argues that the evidence at trial was insufficient to support a

 finding that he is likely to reoffend unless he remains

 committed.     We affirm.

       Background.     On September 23, 2015, the petitioner was

 adjudicated an SDP and committed to the treatment center for a

 duration of one day to life.         G. L. c. 123A, § 14 (d).        On

 October 1, 2015, he filed his first "Petition for Examination

 and Discharge" (§ 9 petition) arguing that he no longer

 qualified as an SDP.       A Superior Court jury in 2019 found that
he remained an SDP, which judgment a panel of this Court

affirmed. 1   The petitioner submitted his second § 9 petition, the

subject of this appeal, in March of 2019.    In 2022, a Superior

Court jury concluded that he remained an SDP and should not be

released from the treatment center.    The petitioner appealed the

judgment to this court.

       Discussion, sufficiency of the evidence.   For a jury to

find that a petitioner remains an SDP pursuant to G. L. c. 123A,

§ 9, the jury must conclude that the petitioner satisfies the

same criteria required for an original SDP adjudication.      Dutil,

petitioner, 437 Mass. 9, 11 (2002).    A petitioner "may be

committed as a sexually dangerous person if he has been

convicted of a sexual offense, suffers from a mental abnormality

or personality disorder that renders him a menace to the health

and safety of others, and is likely to engage in sexual offenses

if not confined."    Commonwealth v. Fay, 467 Mass. 574, 580,

cert. denied, 574 U.S. 858 (2014).    This requires that the jury

find beyond a reasonable doubt that the petitioner "is likely to

attack or otherwise inflict injury on . . . victims because of

his uncontrolled or uncontrollable desires."      G. L. c. 123A, § 1

"Sexually dangerous person."    In this circumstance, "likely"

means "reasonably to be expected in the context of the

1   Ziehl, petitioner, 99 Mass. App. Ct. 1131 (2021).

                                  2
particular facts and circumstances at hand."   Commonwealth v.

Boucher, 438 Mass. 274, 276 (2002).   The jury "c[an] and should

consider the evidence of the petitioner's past sexual misconduct

and . . . draw inferences based on that misconduct" to arrive at

this finding.   Wyatt, petitioner, 428 Mass. 347, 354 (1998).

The jury may not, however, rely on "past misconduct alone . . .

to support a finding of sexual dangerousness."   Commonwealth v.

Walsh, 376 Mass. 53, 58 (1978).

     The petitioner's criminal record includes convictions for

violent and sexual offenses, including armed assault, assault

and battery, home invasion, and failure to register as a sex

offender.   Several of the offenses occurred when the petitioner

was an adolescent; the most recent offenses occurred in 2003.

Since that time, the petitioner had until 2015 been confined in

state prison, after which he civilly was committed at the

treatment center, where he remains.

     In addition to his past misconduct, the petitioner has been

diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), a

conclusion unanimously agreed to by the members of the Community

Access Board (CAB) in their October 2021 report.   The Supreme

Judicial Court has emphasized that "[Massachusetts] law does not

permit the indefinite and indiscriminate commitment of persons

solely because of an ASPD diagnosis."   Commonwealth v. George,

477 Mass. 331, 336 (2017).   The Commonwealth must also prove

                                  3
that the ASPD "result[s] in an inability to control sexual

impulses."   Id. at 338.

     Here, while the CAB concluded that the petitioner's ASPD

does not constitute a "defined mental abnormality" rendering him

congenitally predisposed to the commission of criminal sexual

acts, the board members did unanimously agree that the

petitioner's "sexual offenses were repetitive and compulsive."

This was a sufficient basis for the jury to conclude that the

petitioner's ASPD made him unable to control his sexual

impulses.

     The jury's finding that the petitioner still meets the SDP

criteria was also supported by the opinions of the two qualified

examiners who reviewed the petitioner's case and testified at

trial.   In their written reports, and during their testimony at

trial, both qualified examiners opined that the petitioner is

likely to reoffend if released and that he continued to satisfy

the statutory definition of an SDP.

     The petitioner, while committed at the treatment center,

incurred fourteen "Observation of Behavior Reports" (OBRs)

between 2015 and 2020.     None of the reported incidents involved

sexual offenses.   Both qualified examiners did, however,

emphasize an incident in September 2019 when the petitioner

received an OBR for "repeatedly calling Committee for Public

Counsel Services (CPCS) and reportedly whispering comments such

                                   4
as 'pussy cat' into the phone."   While the nonsexual nature of

his OBRs is less suggestive of his continued inability to

control his sexual urges than sexual offense OBRs would be, the

jury was permitted to consider his continued rule violations

when determining whether he satisfied the SDP criteria.

     Further contributing to the petitioner's risk of

reoffending is his unwillingness to fully engage in

rehabilitative sex offender treatment.   The petitioner's 2021

annual treatment review noted that he has declined to fully

participate in the sex offender treatment program because the

petitioner believed that his most recent conviction was not for

a sexual offense.   As a panel of this court explained in the

petitioner's previous § 9 appeal, the 2003 incident had been

characterized as a sexual offense because his conduct there

"largely mirrored the conduct in other sexual offenses."    Ziehl,

petitioner, 99 Mass. App. Ct. 1131, slip op. at 4 n.3 (2021).

And during the introductory portion of the program, which he did

complete, several treatment assignments were "completed . . . in

a superficial manner."   This refusal to fully engage with the

treatment program is especially relevant in light of the

petitioner's 2020 CAB report, which emphasized full engagement

with the program as an important goal for the following year.

The petitioner's failure to engage in the treatment program

following these recommendations, along with his diagnosed ASPD

                                  5
and record of violent and sexual offenses provided a sufficient

basis from which a reasonable jury could find that the

petitioner has not progressed in treatment to the extent that he

no longer satisfies the SDP criteria.

                                      Judgment affirmed.

                                      By the Court (Sacks,
                                        Brennan & D'Angelo, JJ. 2),

                                      Clerk

Entered:    November 30, 2023.

2   The panelists are listed in order of seniority.

                                  6