Court Opinion

ID: 6319811
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-03-03 18:00:31.533294+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:01:39.950472
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 _____________

                                      No. 21-1428
                                     _____________

                       FRANK ANTHONY NUNEZ-RAMIREZ,
                                            Petitioner

                                             v.

           ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                           _______________

                            On Petition for Review from the
                             Board of Immigration Appeals
                             (Agency No. A094-354-686)
                        Immigration Judge: Charles M. Honeyman
                                   _______________

                   Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                  January 25, 2022

       Before: CHAGARES, Chief Judge, McKEE, and MATEY, Circuit Judges.

                                  (Filed: March 3, 2022)
                                    _______________

                                       OPINION ∗
                                    _______________

       ∗
        This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and, under I.O.P. 5.7, does not
constitute binding precedent.
MATEY, Circuit Judge.

      Frank Anthony Nunez-Ramirez appeals the Board of Immigration Appeals’

(“BIA”) denial of a motion to reopen his removal proceedings. Finding no error in the

BIA’s decision, we will deny Nunez-Ramirez’s petition.

                                                I.

      In 1995, the United States issued Nunez-Ramirez, a Honduras native, a visitor visa

allowing admission for six months. In 2000, still in the United States, Nunez-Ramirez

received Temporary Protected Status (“TPS”) after Hurricane Mitch struck Honduras. But

the Government revoked that status in 2018 when Nunez-Ramirez received a third DUI

conviction. As a result, in 2019, the Department of Homeland Security charged Nunez-

Ramirez with removability under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(b). Nunez-Ramirez conceded the

charge but filed applications for withholding of removal and protection under the

Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). 1

      Nunez-Ramirez argued he was eligible for withholding of removal based on his

status in a particular social group comprised of “Honduran Men Who Grew Up in the

United States.” (A.R. at 522–29.) He expressed fear of returning home because a gang had

murdered his uncle, and he believed he would be targeted as well. After a hearing, an

Immigration Judge denied Nunez-Ramirez’s application for withholding of removal,

finding he did not establish the necessary clear probability of future persecution. The IJ

      1
         Nunez-Ramirez conceded ineligibility for asylum because he failed to file an
application within one year of arrival in the United States. 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B). He
now seeks to press an asylum claim, but as explained below, cannot successfully do so.
                                            2
also found Nunez-Ramirez’s alleged particular social group was not legally cognizable

because it lacked “discrete and definable boundaries.” (A.R. at 424.) Finally, the IJ denied

his CAT claim, finding that Nunez-Ramirez did not prove likely torture in Honduras. The

BIA affirmed the IJ’s rulings and dismissed Nunez-Ramirez’s appeal.

       In 2021, Nunez-Ramirez moved to reopen his case citing deficiencies in his hearing.

He also proposed a new particular social group: “family members of victims of gang

murders.” (A.R. at 82–89.) Finally, he moved to retract his asylum concession, arguing he

remained eligible for relief. The BIA denied the motion, concluding the asylum claim

waived and, in any event, unsupported by new facts. The BIA also declined to consider his

new particular social group, as it was not advanced before the IJ. And the BIA rejected his

due process claim, finding a failure to establish substantial prejudice. Seeing no grounds to

disturb those decisions, we will deny this petition for review. 2

                                             II.

       Motions to reopen are “disfavored,” I.N.S. v. Doherty, 502 U.S. 314, 323 (1992),

and the movant faces the “heavy burden,” I.N.S. v. Abudu, 485 U.S. 94, 110 (1988), of

showing that new evidence “would likely change the result in the case.” Matter of Coelho,

20 I. & N. Dec. 464, 473 (BIA 1992). The motion must “state the new facts that will be

proven . . . and [the motion] shall be supported by affidavits or other evidentiary material.”

8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(B). And the motion “shall not be granted” unless the proffered

evidence is “material and was not available and could not have been discovered or

       2
        The BIA had jurisdiction under 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2 and we have jurisdiction under
8 U.S.C. § 1252(a).
                                              3
presented at the former hearing.” 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1). Consistent with these standards,

we review the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for an abuse of discretion and will not

disturb that decision unless it is arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to law. Liem v. Att’y Gen.,

921 F.3d 388, 395 (3d Cir. 2019). We review legal questions de novo and factual findings

for substantial evidence. Darby v. Att’y Gen., 1 F.4th 151, 159 (3d Cir. 2021).

A.     Due Process

       To show insufficient due process, Nunez-Ramirez must establish that he was

“prevented from reasonably presenting his case.” Uspango v. Ashcroft, 289 F.3d 226, 231

(3d Cir. 2002) (internal quotation marks omitted). Nunez-Ramirez argues that his mother’s

testimony required help from an interpreter to “fully explain the situation in Honduras

regarding her brother’s murder.” (Opening Br. at 14.) He pairs this argument with expert

reports purporting to show dangerous country conditions and the importance of the family

in Honduran culture. Both are insufficient.

       First, while Ms. Ramirez’s expanded testimony might provide some extra details

about gang activity, the scope of gang violence in Honduras was well-covered at the

hearing. Indeed, Nunez-Ramirez testified about his fears and the dangers in Honduras.

Second, Ms. Ramirez, even without a translator, testified that gangs may target Nunez-

Ramirez, and a written statement reiterated that point. As did a written statement by Nunez-

Ramirez’s grandmother. All of which shows the absence of an interpreter did not prevent

                                               4
Nunez-Ramirez from reasonably presenting his case and cannot ground a due process

claim. 3

       Nor can Nunez-Ramirez show “a reasonable likelihood that the result would have

been different.” United States v. Charleswell, 456 F.3d 347, 362 (3d Cir. 2006). The IJ

denied Nunez-Ramirez’s application for withholding in part because his proposed

particular social group lacked “discrete and definable boundaries.” (A.R. at 424.) That

dispositive finding remains even if Ms. Ramirez testified with a translator. 4

B.     Asylum

       An asylum application must normally be filed within one year of entering the United

States, but that deadline may be extended if the applicant “maintained Temporary Protected

Status . . . until a reasonable period before the filing of the asylum application.” 8 C.F.R.

§ 208.4(a)(2), (5)(iv). Nunez-Ramirez maintained his TPS for eighteen years, until it was

revoked in 2018 after his third DUI conviction. Nunez-Ramirez, through counsel, did not

make an asylum claim or assert an exception to the one-year limitation. The BIA did not

abuse its discretion in declining to consider an argument that could have been made in

previous proceedings. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1).

       3
        B.C. v. Att’y Gen., 12 F.4th 306 (3d Cir. 2021) does not alter that conclusion. B.C.
concerned a pro se petitioner facing deportation, not a witness called by counsel. A witness
who Nunez-Ramirez’s counsel stated was “competent” to testify in English. (A.R. at 452.)
And B.C. recognized the need to show prejudice from an alleged agency error. 12 F.4th at
318. Nunez-Ramirez has not, because the BIA’s denial rested in part on his inadequate
proposed social group.
      4
         Nunez-Ramirez proposes a new social group, but he offers no previously
unavailable evidence that supports this changed theory on appeal.
                                             5
                                   III.

For these reasons, we will deny Nunez-Ramirez’s petition.

                                    6