Court Opinion

ID: 5975649
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-13 07:54:20.068173+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:48:39.709623
License: Public Domain

Balletta, J. P.,
dissents and votes to reverse the order appealed from, on the law, with costs, and to grant the appellants’ cross motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint against them with the following memorandum: I respectfully disagree with the majority and would reverse and grant summary judgment in favor of the Town of Hempstead and the Water Department of the Town of Hempstead.
The instant action arises out of an accident wherein a pickup truck owned by the defendant Town of Hempstead (hereinafter the Town) and operated by the defendant Ronnie L. Sanford, an employee of the Town’s Water Department, collided with a vehicle in which the plaintiffs, Veronica and Craig Stewart, were passengers. It is uncontroverted that Sanford had left work for the night (having finished his work shift) and was on his way home when the accident occurred. Since, as a general rule, an employee traveling to or from work is not acting within the scope of his employment (see, Hawkins v Newman, 177 AD2d 683; Matos v Depalma Enters., 160 AD2d 1163), the appellants may not be held liable on the basis of the doctrine of respondeat superior.
Moreover, there is no basis in the record upon which the appellants could be held liable under Vehicle and Traffic Law § 388 (1). That statute imputes to the owner of the motor vehicle the negligence of one who uses or operates the vehicle with the owner’s express or implied permission.
The majority suggests that Sanford may have had discretion to use the vehicle, thus raising an inference of implied permission, but the record does not support that possibility.
It is undisputed that Sanford’s job did not require his use of a motor vehicle and at an examination before trial his supervisor testified that Sanford had requested and had been given specific permission to use a Town vehicle to get home on three or four prior occasions. There is nothing in the record which suggests that Sanford ever used the vehicle without specific permission prior to the date of the accident, nor is there anything in the record which suggests that he received such permission on the night of the accident. Indeed, Sanford testified at his examination before trial that he had received specific instructions prior to the date of the accident not to *433take a truck home. He also acknowledged on several occasions that no one gave him permission to use the truck on that night, that he was not allowed to use it but took it anyway and that he was not driving the vehicle on Town business.
The evidence to the effect that Sanford was specifically advised that he could not take the truck home was not controverted by the plaintiffs, nor was there any proof that there were any prior violations by Sanford or other employees of the "no personal use” policy implemented by the Town in the fall of 1989, prior to the accident.
It is clear then that Sanford did not have discretion to use the truck; and, in my view, a jury could not reasonably conclude that the use of the truck on the night of the accident was with the implied permission of the appellants. In view of the fact that he only used the truck when given specific permission by his supervisor and his acknowledgement that he had been told he could not use the truck for his trip home and that he did not have permission to use the truck that night, I am led to the inescapable conclusion that Sanford was driving the vehicle without permission. Therefore, the Town of Hempstead and the Water Department of the Town of Hemp-stead could not be held liable for Sanford’s negligent acts.