Court Opinion

ID: 9378778
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-13 16:17:08.611953+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:15:57.460132
License: Public Domain

J-S40031-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 KRISTEN K. MILLER                        :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :        PENNSYLVANIA
                    Appellant             :
                                          :
              v.                          :
                                          :
 JOHN G. SCHWARTZ                         :
                                          :
                    Appellee              :
                                          :
 HARRY G. MILLER AND VICKI L.             :
 MILLER,                                  :

                    Intervenors                   No. 1873 EDA 2022

                 Appeal from the Order Entered July 1, 2022
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County
                    Civil Division at No(s): 2017-FC-1100

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., STABILE, J., and KING, J.

MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.:                             FILED MARCH 13, 2023

      Appellant, Kristen K. Miller (“Mother”), appeals from the order entered

in the Lehigh County Court of Common Pleas, which awarded Appellee, John

G. Schwartz (“Father”) sole legal custody and primary physical custody of the

parties’ minor Child, G.M. (“Child”). For the following reasons, we dismiss the

appeal.

      The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.

Child was born in May of 2016. From Child’s birth until 2017, Mother resided

with her parents, Vicki L. Miller (“Maternal Grandmother”) and Harry G. Miller

(“Maternal Grandfather”) (collectively, “Maternal Grandparents”).       Father

resides in a house across the street from Maternal Grandparents. All parties
J-S40031-22

have been actively involved in Child’s care and well-being. In 2017, Mother

was admitted to Belmont Behavioral Health Hospital and subsequently spent

time at a rehabilitative facility to address her mental health and substance

abuse issues.     At the time, the court had awarded Maternal Grandparents

primary physical custody of Child as agreed to by all parties.      The court

awarded Father and Mother partial physical custody. During this time, Child

would stay at Father’s house from Thursday evening to Sunday evening every

other week and Father would spend time with Child in the evenings on the

other days of the week.

      After Mother returned to Maternal Grandparents’ house, the court

entered an order on February 16, 2021, granting Mother primary physical

custody of Child as agreed to by all parties. The court granted Father partial

physical custody, maintaining the same schedule as before.

      Mother removed Child from Maternal Grandparents’ residence in

November of 2021 and was accepted into the Turning Point Domestic Violence

Shelter. Mother resided at the shelter with Child until February of 2022, when

she was asked to leave. Mother and Child have since been staying in various

hotels.

      On November 17, 2021, after Mother had removed Child from Maternal

Grandparents’ home, Maternal Grandparents filed a petition for modification

of custody.   On November 19, 2021, Mother filed a petition for contempt

against Father.    Mother also filed a petition for modification of custody on

                                     -2-
J-S40031-22

December 8, 2021.          On January 6, 2022, Father filed an answer with

counterclaim to Mother’s petition for contempt. All parties sought sole legal

custody and primary physical custody of Child.

       The court held a custody trial on June 30, 2022 and July 1, 2022. Mother

represented herself and raised allegations of abuse by Maternal Grandfather

and Father against herself and Child. A caseworker from the Lehigh County

Children and Youth Services testified that Mother’s allegations have been

investigated and determined to be unfounded.         Mother also filed several

petitions for protection from abuse orders against Father, which the court

denied. Maternal Grandparents and Father testified consistently that neither

Father nor Maternal Grandfather have been abusive towards Mother or Child,

and Mother suffers from mental health and substance abuse issues.

       At the conclusion of the evidence, the court entered a custody order

granting Father sole legal custody and primary physical custody of Child. The

court granted Mother supervised visitation with Child at Father’s discretion.

Mother filed a timely pro se notice of appeal on July 29, 2022.1 Mother filed

a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal on August 16, 2022.2

____________________________________________

1Mother inadvertently filed her notice of appeal in our Supreme Court. Our
Supreme Court transferred the matter to this Court on August 3, 2022.

2In children’s fast track cases such as this one, the concise statement of errors
shall be filed and served contemporaneously with the notice of appeal. See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i). Based on our disposition of this appeal, we need not
address this non-compliance any further.

                                           -3-
J-S40031-22

     Mother raises the following issues for our review:

        [Have Mother’s] constitutional rights been violated under
        the Fourteenth Amendment and denial of due process from
        the proceedings of record of 2017-FC-1100?

        Did trial court err under “the great weight of evidence”
        standard of fact and abuse of discretion carrying competent,
        material, and substantial evidence that clearly did not
        preponderate in the opposite direction in the determination
        of the best welfare of the child codified at [2]3 P.S. § 5328.

        Did the trial court err in its act of discretion and fact finding
        to not consider factor 11 of the proximity of the residences
        of the parties and the subject history of domestic violence
        to not risk the health and safety of Mother and Child?

        Did the trial court err as a matter of law or discretion in its
        exclusion of evidence when it did not allow [Mother’s]
        exhibit of emails written by Mother as proof first indicated
        by [M]aternal [G]randparents on pre-trial facts statement
        to substantiate their claims of my instability?

        As well as err in providing Mother’s proof to factor 13 of the
        best welfare of child [2]3 P.S. § 5328 which its exclusion led
        to clear error and trial court bias in which parties are unable
        to cooperate and communicate solely blaming Mother for
        conflict?

        Did the trial court err in fact and clear legal error when it
        failed to consider or call out the past felony charges §
        13(a)(1) (P.L. 233, No.64) of drug manufacturing with
        intent to deliver, organized crime, conspiracy ... or past
        substance use of Father but specifies clearly that he is a
        credible and safer parent suited for child custody and I am
        not.

        Did the trial court err in discretion and law in not finding it
        suitable to question if not qualify on the issues of domestic
        violence as well as mental health and substance use of any
        party involving the custody and welfare of a child?

        Did the trial court [commit] both procedural and legal error
        when specifying supervised visitation “with the child at such

                                      -4-
J-S40031-22

         times, for such periods, and with such supervision as Father
         may agree” without regard to the domestic violence and
         risks clearly stated in Mother’s prior proceedings leaving
         highly vulnerable the welfare of Mother and Child when
         giving Father complete control that effects all aspects of the
         best interests of the child?

         Did the trial court err in not considering both defendant and
         intervenors both seeking full primary and legal custody of
         the child not showing an act of abuse of process?

(Mother’s Brief at 2-6).

      Preliminarily, we observe that appellate briefs must conform in all

material respects to the briefing requirements set forth in the Pennsylvania

Rules of Appellate Procedure. Pa.R.A.P. 2101. See also Pa.R.A.P. 2114-2119

(addressing specific requirements of each subsection of brief on appeal).

Regarding the argument section of an appellate brief, Rule 2119(a) provides:

         Rule 2119. Argument

             (a) General rule.—The argument shall be divided into
         as many parts as there are questions to be argued; and shall
         have at the head of each part—in distinctive type or in type
         distinctively displayed—the particular point treated therein,
         followed by such discussion and citation of authorities as are
         deemed pertinent.

Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a). “[I]t is an appellant’s duty to present arguments that are

sufficiently developed for our review. The brief must support the claims with

pertinent discussion, with references to the record and with citations to legal

authorities.”   Commonwealth v. Hardy, 918 A.2d 766, 771 (Pa.Super.

2007), appeal denied, 596 Pa. 703, 940 A.2d 362 (2008) (internal citations

omitted). “This Court will not act as counsel and will not develop arguments

                                     -5-
J-S40031-22

on behalf of an appellant.” Id. If a deficient brief hinders this Court’s ability

to address any issue on review, we shall consider the issue waived.

Commonwealth v. Gould, 912 A.2d 869, 873 (Pa.Super. 2006) (holding

appellant waived issue on appeal where he failed to support claim with

relevant citations to case law and record). See also In re R.D., 44 A.3d 657

(Pa.Super. 2012), appeal denied, 618 Pa. 677, 56 A.3d 398 (2012) (holding

appellant waived issue, where argument portion of appellant’s brief lacked

meaningful discussion of, or citation to, relevant legal authority regarding

issue generally or specifically; appellant’s lack of analysis precluded

meaningful appellate review). Further:

         Although this Court is willing to liberally construe materials
         filed by a pro se litigant, pro se status confers no special
         benefit upon the appellant. Id. at 252. To the contrary,
         any person choosing to represent [herself] in a legal
         proceeding must, to a reasonable extent, assume that [her]
         lack of expertise and legal training will be [her] undoing.
         Commonwealth v. Rivera, 685 A.2d 1011 ([Pa.Super.]
         1996).

In re Ullman, 995 A.2d 1207, 1211-12 (Pa.Super. 2010), appeal denied, 610

Pa. 600, 20 A.3d 489 (2011) (quoting Commonwealth v. Adams, 882 A.2d

496, 497-98 (Pa.Super. 2005)).

      Instantly, there are significant defects in the argument section of

Mother’s brief. Mother’s argument section consists of only one page and fails

to address any of Mother’s issues on appeal. Instead, Mother makes bald,

conclusory statements that the court’s decision was not in Child’s best

interests without providing any explanation as to how the court erred. Mother

                                      -6-
J-S40031-22

fails to even mention the issues raised on appeal and provides no insight into

the specifics of her claims. Additionally, Mother fails to cite to the record or

any relevant authority to support her claims. The deficiencies in Mother’s brief

render it impossible for this Court to understand and evaluate Mother’s issues

on appeal. See In re R.D., supra; Gould, supra. Accordingly, Mother’s

gross deviations from our rules of appellate procedure preclude meaningful

review and constitute sufficient grounds to dismiss the appeal. See Pa.R.A.P.

2101; In re Ullman, supra (holding substantial deficiencies in appellant’s

brief warrant preclusion of judicial review).    Accordingly, we dismiss the

appeal.

      Appeal dismissed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/13/2023

                                     -7-