Court Opinion

ID: 4571192
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-09-30 15:01:06.635304+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:47:03.755095
License: Public Domain

Case: 20-10551    Date Filed: 09/30/2020   Page: 1 of 7

                                                         [DO NOT PUBLISH]

            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________

                            No. 20-10551
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 4:19-cr-00055-MW-CAS-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                              Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                   versus

WALTER RINKEL,

                                                         Defendant-Appellant.

                      ________________________

               Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Northern District of Florida
                     ________________________

                            (September 30, 2020)

Before MARTIN, ROSENBAUM, and LUCK, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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      Walter Rinkel pleaded guilty to possession of child pornography. The district

court sentenced him to 120 months in prison followed by twenty years of supervised

release. On appeal, Rinkel challenges the district court’s conclusion that his prior

Florida conviction for lewd and lascivious molestation qualified as a “prior

conviction” for aggravated sexual abuse, sexual abuse, or abusive sexual conduct

with a minor under 18 U.S.C. section 2252A(b)(2), triggering a ten-year mandatory

minimum sentence. We affirm because any error in applying section 2252A(b)(2)’s

mandatory minimum was harmless.

      In June 2017, a fish and wildlife officer patrolling the Apalachicola National

Forest saw Rinkel viewing child pornography on his laptop while he was sitting

inside a van. The fish and wildlife officer called the county sheriff, who approached

Rinkel and seized his laptop. Rinkel was not arrested and he left the park. Later,

the laptop was analyzed and it was confirmed that it contained child pornography.

A warrant was issued for Rinkel’s arrest, and four months later, the United States

Marshals Service found him in Arizona.

      A federal grand jury charged Rinkel with possession of child pornography, in

violation of 18 U.S.C. section 2252A(a)(5)(B) and (b)(2), and failure to register and

update his registration under the Sexual Offender Registration and Notification Act,

in violation of 18 U.S.C. section 2250(a). Rinkel pleaded guilty to the possession of

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child pornography charge in exchange for the government moving to dismiss the

failure to register charge.

       The presentence investigation report calculated Rinkel’s advisory guideline

range as 168 to 210 months’ imprisonment. The probation officer also applied the

ten-year mandatory minimum sentence for possession of child pornography because

Rinkel’s prior Florida conviction for lewd and lascivious molestation qualified as a

“prior conviction” relating to aggravated sexual abuse, sexual abuse, or abusive

sexual conduct with a minor under section 2252A(b)(2).1 Rinkel objected to the ten-

year mandatory minimum because, he argued, his Florida lewd and lascivious

molestation conviction was not a qualifying “prior conviction” under section

2252A(b)(2).

       At the sentencing hearing, the district court overruled Rinkel’s objection and

applied section 2252A(b)(2)’s ten-year mandatory minimum, although it did not

change the advisory guideline range or the twenty-year statutory maximum. See 18

       1
           Section 2252A(b)(2) says that:

       Whoever violates, or attempts or conspires to violate, subsection (a)(5) shall be
       fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both, but, if any
       image of child pornography involved in the offense involved a prepubescent minor
       or a minor who had not attained 12 years of age, such person shall be fined under
       this title and imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or if such person has a prior
       conviction . . . under the laws of any State relating to aggravated sexual abuse,
       sexual abuse, or abusive sexual conduct involving a minor or ward, . . . such person
       shall be fined under this title and imprisoned for not less than 10 years nor more
       than 20 years.

18 U.S.C. § 2252A(b)(2).
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U.S.C. § 2252A(b)(2). Rinkel argued for a downward variance because of his age,

“some medical conditions,” and the fact that he went into the forest “trying to detach

himself from the rest of society.” The district court granted Rinkel’s request for a

downward variance and sentenced him to 120 months in prison, explaining that it

considered the fact that Rinkel “absconded” to Arizona after he was caught with the

child pornography to be an “aggravator,” while Rinkel’s “age and physical

condition” were mitigating factors. The district court added that the sentence

“statutorily satisfies the mandatory minimum, but I have gone below the 168 months

in light of [Rinkel’s] age and physical condition.” The district court then said:

      Let me make plain. . . . Given the aggravators in this case, given
      [Rinkel’s] prior period of incarceration, even if it was not a mandatory
      minimum, I would have found that a 10 year sentence was appropriate.
      And I would not have imposed a lower sentence in light of the
      guidelines, even if there had not been a mandatory minimum.

Rinkel appeals his below-guidelines sentence.

      Rinkel argues on appeal that the district court erred when it concluded that his

lewd and lascivious molestation conviction qualified as a “prior conviction” under

section 2252A(b)(2), triggering the ten-year mandatory minimum. The government

responds that, while it believes the district court correctly found Rinkel’s prior

conviction to be a qualifying offense under section 2252A(b)(2) and it properly

applied the ten-year mandatory minimum, we don’t need to reach the issue because

the district court said that it would have imposed the same sentence regardless of

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whether the mandatory minimum applied. We agree with the government that we

don’t have to reach the issue of whether Rinkel’s lewd and lascivious molestation

conviction is a qualifying “prior conviction” under section 2252A(b)(2) because any

error in applying the ten-year mandatory minimum was harmless.

        “[U]nder our precedent in the form of United States v. Keene, 470 F.3d 1347,

1349 (11th Cir. 2006), we need not review an issue when (1) the district court states

it would have imposed the same sentence, even absent an alleged error, and (2) the

sentence is substantively reasonable.” United States v. Goldman, 953 F.3d 1213,

1221 (11th Cir. 2020). “Our rationale for this policy is to avoid ‘pointless reversals

and unnecessary do-overs of sentence proceedings.’” United States v. McLellan,

958 F.3d 1110, 1116 (11th Cir. 2020) (quoting Keene, 470 F.3d at 1349). To

determine whether a sentence is reasonable under Keene, we assume there was a

sentencing error and then ask whether the sentence imposed, once scrubbed of the

error, was substantively reasonable under section 3553(a). See Keene, 470 F.3d at

1349.

        While we normally use Keene’s two-step harmless error test for advisory

guideline cases, we have also applied Keene to cases where the district court

concluded that a defendant’s prior conviction triggered a mandatory minimum

sentence. See McLellan, 958 F.3d at 1116–17. In McLellan, for example, the

district court found that the defendant’s two prior Alabama convictions for first-

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degree burglary were “violent” felonies under the Armed Career Criminal Act and

applied the Act’s fifteen-year mandatory minimum to sentence the defendant to 180

months’ imprisonment. Id. The defendant appealed, arguing that the mandatory

minimum did not apply because his two Alabama convictions were not violent

felonies under the Act. Id. Applying Keene, we “decline[d] [the defendant’s]

invitation to wade into the depths of evaluating the applicability” of the Act because,

like here, the district court in McLellan said that it would have imposed the same

sentence regardless of whether the mandatory minimum applied. Id. We reviewed

the defendant’s “sentence to ensure only that it was substantively reasonable.” Id.

      Here, as in McLellan, the district court clearly said that it would have imposed

the same 120-month sentence regardless of whether the mandatory minimum

applied. Under Keene, we assume that the district court erred in concluding that

Rinkel’s lewd and lascivious molestation conviction was a qualifying “prior

conviction” under section 2252A(b)(2) and in applying the ten-year mandatory

minimum. See Keene, 470 F.3d at 1349 (“we must assume that there was . . . error

. . . and then ask whether the final sentence resulting from consideration of the

§ 3553(a) factors would still be reasonable”).

      Still, even without the mandatory minimum, Rinkel’s 120-month prison

sentence was substantively reasonable. Rinkel possessed hundreds of files of child

pornography, including over one hundred files involving the rape and abuse of

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infants or toddlers. Rinkel had already been convicted, and given a 153-month

prison sentence, for sexually assaulting a young girl. And Rinkel fled after he was

found at the park with the child pornography, requiring a nationwide manhunt to

locate him. The district court also considered the fact that Rinkel purposefully

avoided the sex offender registration requirement. Finally, Rinkel’s sentence was

well below the twenty-year statutory maximum. See United States v. Croteau, 819
F.3d 1293, 1310 (11th Cir. 2016) (“A sentence imposed well below the statutory

maximum penalty is an indicator of a reasonable sentence.”). Even without the

mandatory minimum, Rinkel’s sentence was certainly within “the range of

reasonable sentences dictated by the facts of the case.” See United States v.

Overstreet, 713 F.3d 627, 636 (11th Cir. 2013) (citation and quotation marks

omitted).

      AFFIRMED.

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