Court Opinion

ID: 9940256
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-13 19:04:09.59979+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:44:41.467122
License: Public Domain

Filed 2/13/24 In re C.Z. CA2/4
            NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

         IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                  SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                DIVISION FOUR

 In re C.Z. et al.,                                                    B326645

 Persons Coming Under the Juvenile                                     (Los Angeles County
 Court Law.                                                             Super. Ct. No. 20CCJP00986-EF)

 LOS ANGELES COUNTY
 DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN
 AND FAMILY SERVICES,

           Plaintiff and Respondent,

           v.

 E.Z.,

           Defendant and Appellant.

         APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County,
Pete R. Navarro, Commissioner. Dismissed.
         Marissa Coffey, by appointment of the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant.
         Dawyn R. Harrison, County Counsel, Kim Nemoy, Assistant County
Counsel, and Stephen Watson, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and
Respondent.
                              INTRODUCTION
      E.Z. (mother) appeals from the juvenile court’s dispositional order.
Mother’s sole argument on appeal is that the court erred in finding that the
Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) (25 U.S.C. § 1901 et seq.) did not apply.
Mother contends the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family
Services (DCFS) failed to comply with the initial inquiry and notice
requirements under ICWA. DCFS responds that “mother’s appeal should be
dismissed because ICWA obligations are ongoing and can be raised and cured
in the juvenile court.” Because a finding regarding the application of ICWA
was neither made at the disposition hearing from which mother appeals, nor
at any point earlier in the case, the sole claim on appeal is premature.
Therefore, the appeal must be dismissed.

              FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
      We recite only facts relevant to mother’s appeal. P.M. (father) and
mother have two children together: C.S.Z. (born Sept. 2011) and C.Z. (born
Jan. 2013).
      In a prior dependency case, maternal grandfather told a dependency
investigator that maternal great, great grandmother (Alberta B.) had Indian
heritage through the Blackfeet Indian tribe. Maternal grandfather provided
the names of maternal great grandparents. The investigator indicated that
previous minute orders did “not indicate ICWA findings.”
      On August 31, 2022, DCFS filed the current dependency petition on
behalf of the children, which included an Indian child inquiry attachment.
This attachment indicated mother was asked about any Indian heritage on
July 27, 2022. Mother reported she may have Indian ancestry through

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maternal relatives. Therefore, DCFS stated that it had “reason to believe the
child[ren] [are] or may be . . . Indian child[ren].”
      On September 14, 2022, counsel for mother filed a parental notification
of Indian status (ICWA-020 form) on mother’s behalf indicating that none of
the questions about Indian status applied. However, counsel, not mother,
signed the form.
      At a hearing on September 15, 2022, mother reported to the juvenile
court that she had Blackfeet Indian heritage and stated maternal
grandfather would have more information. When asked by the court if there
were other relatives to contact, mother replied there were no additional
relatives except maternal grandfather. The court then ordered DCFS to
notice the tribe, interview maternal grandfather, “and ascertain and acquire
more information regarding any possible membership or eligibility or
membership of the [tribe].” DCFS was further ordered to provide notice to
the appropriate federal agencies.
      On September 22, 2022, the dependency investigator mailed certified
notices to mother, father, the Secretary of the Interior, Bureau of Indian
Affairs, and the Blackfeet Tribe of Montana. The investigator also sent a
letter to the Blackfeet Tribe of Montana inquiring about the children’s
eligibility for enrollment in the tribe. The letter included the names and
birthdays of the parents and children.
      On October 12, 2022, the court sustained the dependency petition as
amended by interlineation. The court ordered “DCFS to comply with its
ongoing ICWA obligations.”
      On October 25, 2022, the dependency investigator spoke with maternal
grandfather, who reported that he did not know of any Indian tribes with
which his family was affiliated. The Blackfeet Nation submitted a letter

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dated December 8, 2022, reporting the children were not eligible for
enrollment.
      At the dispositional hearing on January 24, 2023, the court declared
the children dependents and removed the children from mother’s custody.
There was no discussion of ICWA at this hearing.
      Mother timely appealed.

                                 DISCUSSION
      Mother's sole contention on appeal is that the juvenile court erred in
finding that the ICWA did not apply absent a sufficient initial inquiry and
ICWA notice. DCFS contends mother’s appeal is premature and the ICWA
challenge is not ripe for review. We agree.
      We see no appealable order regarding ICWA, or an actionable finding,
in this case. The court made no finding as to ICWA at or before the
disposition hearing. Rather, the ICWA inquiry was still ongoing, as
evidenced by the court’s prior ICWA compliance order of October 12, 2022.
      Because the court made no ruling at or before the challenged hearing
on whether ICWA applied to the proceedings, mother’s claim is premature.
“That is, any ICWA issues are not ripe for review. ‘“Ripeness” refers to the
requirements of a current controversy.’ (City of Santa Monica v. Stewart
(2005) 126 Cal.App.4th 43, 59.) An issue is not ripe for review unless and
until it is ‘sufficiently concrete to allow judicial resolution even in the absence
of a precise factual context.’ (Pacific Legal Foundation v. California Coastal
Com. (1982) 33 Cal.3d 158, 170; see id. at pp. 170–172.)” (J.J. v. Superior
Court (2022) 81 Cal.App.5th 447, 461.) The dependency case is still ongoing,
and any perceived deficiencies with ICWA inquiry and noticing may still be
resolved. (See In re M.R. (2017) 7 Cal.App.5th 886, 904 [ICWA claim was

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premature where no final ICWA ruling was made at disposition hearing].)
Therefore, we decline to assess the adequacy of the ICWA inquiry and
noticing process that is, based on the record before us, still ongoing.

                                 DISPOSITION
      The appeal is dismissed.
      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

                                            ZUKIN, J.

      We concur:

      CURREY, P. J.

      MORI, J.

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