Court Opinion

ID: 3032804
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:48:30.461932+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:48:20.903595
License: Public Domain

United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
                              FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

                                         ______

                                      No. 03-6027EA
                                          ______

In re:                                     *
                                           *
Charles McAuley Adams,                     *
                                           *
         Debtor.                           *
                                           *
Charles McAuley Adams,                     *
                                           *
         Debtor-Appellant,                 *   Appeal from the United States
                                           *   Bankruptcy Court for the
               v.                          *   Eastern District of Arkansas
                                           *
Charles E. “Sketch” Rendlen, III,          *
                                           *
         U.S. Trustee-Appellee,            *
                                           *
First Tennessee National Bank,             *
                                           *
         Interested Party-Appellee.        *
                                           *

                                         ______

                             Submitted: September 23, 2003
                                Filed: October 7, 2003
                                        ______

Before KRESSEL, Chief Judge, FEDERMAN and MAHONEY, Bankruptcy Judges.
                                 ______

KRESSEL, Chief Judge.
       Charles M. Adams, the debtor in this Chapter 11 case, purports to appeal from
two orders of the bankruptcy court.1 The first order, dismissing his Chapter 11 case,
was dated April 21, 2003, and entered April 22, 2003. The second order, directing the
debtor to pay the United States Trustee two statutorily mandated quarterly fees
totaling $500.00, was dated and entered on May 13, 2003. We conclude that the
debtor did not timely appeal the order of dismissal and therefore dismiss any appeal
from that order. Since we conclude that the bankruptcy court correctly determined
that the debtor owed the statutory fees, we affirm the order directing their payment.

                                   BACKGROUND
       In 2001, First Tennessee Bank started an interpleader action in the Shelby
County Tennessee Chancery Court against the debtor, his ex-wife, and his ex-wife's
attorney alleging that all three had made claims to funds that it held as a result of its
service as trustee of a trust which had terminated upon the death of the debtor's
mother. As the beneficiary, the debtor made claims to the funds. His ex-wife and her
attorney made claims to the fund as the result of liens granted by the Shelby County
Chancery Court as part of the debtor's divorce. The debtor filed a counterclaim to the
interpleader action in which he made a number of allegations against the bank.

      On July 27, 2001, the debtor filed a Chapter 13 case in the Western District of
Tennessee. The debtor's plan drew objections and a motion to dismiss, and on
November 7, 2001, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of
Tennessee denied confirmation of the debtor's plan and dismissed his case. The
debtor moved to alter or amend the order. On December 5, 2001, the Tennessee

      1
        The Honorable Audrey R. Evans, Chief Judge, United States Bankruptcy
Courts for the Eastern and Western Districts of Arkansas.

                                           2
bankruptcy court2 entered an order denying the debtor's motion. The bankruptcy court
made detailed findings, including findings that the core of the debtor's reason for
filing bankruptcy “is his ongoing disputes with his former spouse, her attorney and
First Tennessee Bank over child support-related debts, property ownership and
disposition of trust property.” The bankruptcy court concluded that any issues already
decided in state court were barred from being relitigated in the debtor's bankruptcy
case by either the Rooker-Feldman Doctrine or principles of preclusion. Moreover,
to the extent that there was unresolved issues, the bankruptcy court concluded that
they were best resolved in the state court. The bankruptcy court also concluded that
the debtor had filed his bankruptcy case for purposes of forum shopping and
explicitly abstained from involving the bankruptcy court in any of these state law
issues.

       The bankruptcy court also found that the debtor's debts exceeded the statutory
maximum for eligibility for Chapter 13 under 11 U.S.C. § 109(e). Based on these
conclusions, the bankruptcy court found that “since the Debtor is ineligible by
monetary limits for Chapter 13 relief and since the disputes in this case are
prebankruptcy, state-law disputes, the Court finds that this case was filed in bad
faith.” The bankruptcy court then went on to deny the debtor's motion to amend or
modify the November 7, 2001 order of dismissal, and added a proviso that the
dismissal was “with prejudice to the Debtor filing again for bankruptcy relief in the
Western District of Tennessee until such time as all pending disputes in the state
courts have been resolved to final judgments.”

      2
      The Honorable William Houston Brown, United States Bankruptcy Judge for
the Western District of Tennessee.

                                          3
        The debtor appealed the bankruptcy court's order denying his motion to alter
or amend the dismissal order and on February 4, 2003, the district court3 affirmed.
The district court reviewed the record, including the debtor's own pleadings in which
he indicated that the bankruptcy court action began due to “arrearages in child
support payments of approximately $15,000.00, which First Tennessee refused to pay
out of the trust.” The district court agreed with the bankruptcy court's conclusion that
the debtor engaged in forum shopping, that he was ineligible for Chapter 13 in the
first place, and affirmed the bankruptcy court's conclusion that the debtor's case was
filed in bad faith. The district court affirmed the bankruptcy court's order that the
petition was not filed in good faith because: “1) Appellant repeatedly expressed his
intention to litigate in bankruptcy court issues currently pending before Tennessee
State Court; 2) Appellant had noncontingent, liquidated, secured debts in excess of
the Chapter 13 statutory limit; and 3) Appellant's schedules contained numerous
errors.”

       Meanwhile, at a hearing on January 24, 2003, the Tennessee Chancery Court
orally granted the bank summary judgment on its interpleader claim. However, on
February 6, 2003, before an actual written order or judgment could be entered, the
debtor filed a Chapter 13 case in the Eastern District of Arkansas. The filing was
incomplete in a number of ways and on the same date, the bankruptcy court entered
an order in which it notified the debtor of those items that were missing and which
were due within fifteen days of filing. The order also included the proviso that “the
document(s) listed at the bottom of this order must be filed within the specified
number of days from the date of the voluntary petition's/date of conversion or the case
WILL BE DISMISSED**without further notice.”

      3
      The Honorable Bernice Bouie Donald, United States District Judge for the
Western District of Tennessee.
                                           4
       On March 3, 2003, rather than comply with this order, the debtor filed this
Chapter 11 case. Three days later, on March 6, 2003, the United States Trustee filed
his motion to dismiss with prejudice or convert the Chapter 11 case, or in the
alternative, appoint a trustee. The motion also asked that if the court granted the
United States Trustee's motion to dismiss, that he be granted a monetary judgment for
two quarterly fees in the total of $500.00. On March 13, 2003, based on the debtor's
failure to comply with the order regarding deficiencies, the bankruptcy court
dismissed the debtor's Chapter 13 case.

       On March 18, 2003, the debtor filed his response to the United States Trustee's
motion to dismiss. In his response, the debtor argued that the Tennessee bankruptcy
court's dismissal was incorrect. He further argued that in his current Chapter 11 case:

             the principle (sic) dispute herein involves fraud perpetrated
             by attorney Lincoln Alison Reese Hodges and First
             Tennessee Bank regarding the land in the three
             trusts...[and] further involves the claims of dozens of
             parties to various parcels of land in Shelby County,
             Tennessee which involve extremely complex issues of
             accounting, bank, and real estate law to say the least.

He further argued that:

             an independent examiner would be a good idea in this case
             as this case is going to involve negotiations with the U.S.
             Comptroller of Currency regarding bank fraud, the
             Securities and Exchange Commission, and other
             governmental agencies, and an independent examiner
             would be in a position to assist the Court in determining
             the true circumstances and history of this case, the true
             extent of the Debtor's assets which have been manipulated
             and which continue to be manipulated through fraudulent

                                          5
             bank practices, fraudulent appraisals, mail fraud, and other
             fraud of Lincoln A.R. Hodges attorney and First Tennessee
             Bank and others, and an independent examiner can insure
             that dozens of innocent persons in this cause have
             substantial claims against the Debtor's land holdings are
             not defrauded of any honest and just claims.

The debtor also admitted that he was responsible for the $500.00 in fees requested by
the United States Trustee.

       On April 14, 2003, the bank filed its joinder in the United States Trustee's
motion to dismiss. The court held a hearing on the motion on April 15, 2003. The
court heard extensive argument from the attorneys for the United States Trustee and
the bank and from the debtor personally. During his presentations, the debtor made
extensive arguments complaining about the bank, Lincoln Hodges, and requested an
investigation due to conduct indicating that “there has been shenanigans going on that
the judicial system should know about as far as money, which this is a money forum
right here.” The debtor extensively explained his complaints about the bank and the
problems going on in the Tennessee Chancery Court.

       After listening to oral argument, the court decided that taking evidence was
unnecessary. The court based this conclusion on the record of previous proceedings
established by the movants, and then went on to say that even if it admitted into
evidence all of the exhibits which the debtor had indicated he wanted to offer, and
even if the debtor was successful in obtaining attorneys and “proved every point that
Mr. Adams made, it still wouldn’t change the result because all, everyone of those
issues is an issue for the Chancery Court.”4 After the oral ruling on the merits of the
motion to dismiss, there was a long colloquy among the court, the debtor, and the

      4
        Implicitly, the bankruptcy court thereby denied the debtor's oral motion for
a continuance of the hearing. We find no abuse of discretion in that decision.
                                          6
attorneys for the movants about the appropriate length of a bar on future filing. At the
conclusion of the hearing, the court had still not decided on an appropriate length of
the future filing bar, but indicated that it would enter a written order on dismissal with
a bar that it felt was appropriate.

       On April 21, 2003, the court signed an order which was entered on April 22,
2003, dismissing the debtor's case with prejudice. The court reiterated its oral finding
that the debtor's Chapter 11 case had been filed in bad faith, found that the debtor had
not demonstrated a genuine attempt to reorganize but rather, “has shown that his
multiple petitions constitute an attempt to use bankruptcy to obstruct state court
proceedings in Tennessee.” The court also agreed with the Tennessee bankruptcy
court that many, if not all, of the issues that the debtor wanted to involve the
bankruptcy court in were barred by the doctrines of Rooker Feldman or preclusion.
The bankruptcy court went on to formally dismiss the debtor's case with prejudice,
and further extended the Tennessee bankruptcy court's bar to filing by prohibiting the
debtor “from filing any further bankruptcy cases in the Eastern or Western Districts
of Arkansas until such time as all pending disputes in the Tennessee state courts have
been resolved to final judgments.”

       The dismissal order did not address the United States Trustee's request for
judgment for his statutory fees, but in an order dated and entered May 13, 2003, the
bankruptcy court ordered the debtor to pay the United States Trustee's quarterly fees
for the first and second quarters of 2003, in the sum of $250.00 per quarter.

        On May 22, 2003, the debtor filed a notice of appeal. In it, the debtor indicated,
by filling in the official form, that he was appealing the order that was entered “on the
13th day of May 2003.” On the next line he hand wrote the following: “appeal order
5-13-03 Supplement of order 4-21-03".

                                            7
                                    JURISDICTION
        Both appellees argue that the debtor has failed to timely appeal the order of
dismissal and we therefore lack jurisdiction over any appeal from that order.5 It is
axiomatic that an appellate court's jurisdiction is dependent upon a timely filed notice
of appeal. See Soost v. NAH, Inc. (In re Soost), 262 B.R. 68, 71 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2001)
(citing United States v. Henry Bros. P’ship (In re Henry Bros. P’ship), 214 B.R. 192,
197 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 1997)). We agree with the appellees on this issue for two distinct
reasons. First, we do not think that the notice of appeal filed by the debtor effectively
appeals from the dismissal order. It twice indicates that the debtor's intent is to appeal
from the May 13, 2003 order and the only reference to the dismissal order is in the
second reference, where it indicates that the May 13th order is a supplement of the
dismissal order. Nowhere does the notice of appeal ever indicate that the debtor is
appealing from the April 21, 2003 order of dismissal. Second, if, somehow, the notice
of appeal could be construed to act as a notice of an appeal from the dismissal order,
it is clearly late. Fed. R. Bankr. P. 8002(a) provides that “the notice of appeal shall
be filed with the clerk within 10 days of the date of the entry of the judgment, order,
or decree appealed from.” Obviously, a notice of appeal filed on May 22, 2003 is well
beyond the ten-day period for timely filing from an order entered on April 21, 2003.

        The debtor attempts to avoid this result in a number of ways. First he argues
that somehow Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(a)6 operates to make his notice of appeal timely. He
states that “the time to file an appeal does not run until costs have been assessed when
a motion has been made to assess costs.” There are a number of problems with this

      5
         The United States Trustee has also made a motion that he styles as one to
strike portions of the designation of issues. This seems to us as an inappropriate way
to raise jurisdictional issues and we therefore deny the motion. In any case, because
of our treatment of the merits of the issue, the motion is moot.
      6
       This Civil Rule would be applicable to this proceeding by operation of Rules
7054 and 9014(c) of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure.

                                            8
argument. First, the monetary judgment requested by the United States Trustee is not
for costs. They are fees provided by statute to which the United States Trustee is
entitled in every Chapter 11 case. They are not costs of the action (which in this
situation would be the motion to dismiss). Secondly, we see nothing in Civil Rule
54(a) which says what the debtor claims it says. While sometimes the actual entry of
a judgment would be held up until costs were ascertained and assessed, so that the
merits and the costs could then be inserted into a single judgment, that is not what
happened here. Two separate orders were entered: one dealing with the merits of the
dismissal and the second dealing with the request that judgment be entered for the
statutory fees. Third, the May 13, 2003 order does not reiterate in any way the court's
directive that the case be dismissed, so that it does not change in any way the date of
the entry of the order of dismissal. Thus, even if the debtor was correct that the
dismissal order did not become final until the entry of the fee order, the most that it
would affect would be the finality of the dismissal order. It would not change the date
of the entry of the dismissal order. Unequivocally, an order dismissing a bankruptcy
case is a final order. Mosbrucker v. U.S. (In re Mosbrucker), 227 B.R. 434, 436
(B.A.P. 8th Cir. 1998). Thus, any attempt to appeal from the dismissal order had to
have been filed within ten days of its entry.

      Lastly, the debtor attempts to avoid the problem with the timing of his notice
of appeal by relying on the Doctrine of Unique Circumstances. As a basis for this
argument, he argues that the bankruptcy court made statements that it would prepare
an order that would include an order as to costs which she would have to ascertain.
The debtor's argument, however, is both factually and legally insufficient.

      The Doctrine of Unique Circumstances is a very narrow doctrine which applies
upon a showing that: 1) the party has performed an act, which, if properly done,
would postpone the deadline for filing his appeal; and 2) has received specific
assurance by a judicial officer that the act has been properly done. Thompson v.
Immigration and Naturalization Serv., 375 U.S. 384 (1964), Faysound Limited v.

                                          9
Falcon Jet Corp., 940 F.2d 339, 344 (8th Cir. 1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1096
(1992). United States v. Henry Bros. P'ship (In re Henry Bros. P'ship) 214 B.R. 192,
196 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 1997). We have searched the record of the hearing in the
bankruptcy court and can find no record of the statements that the debtor claims were
made by the court. As we have indicated, there is an extensive colloquy about the
length of the bar that the court would impose in its dismissal order, but no discussion,
much less a representation by the judge, about either the United States Trustee's
statutory fee or costs. In any case, even if such a statement were made, it does not
change the fact that the bankruptcy court entered an unequivocal order of dismissal
which started the appeal period running and the debtor failed to timely file a notice
of appeal. The Doctrine of Unique Circumstances protects people who have acted and
been assured by the court that their actions are sufficient to toll the appeal period.
What we have in this case is the failure to act.

      In sum, we conclude that the dismissal order was a final order and that the
debtor failed to timely file a notice of appeal from that order.

                                 STATUTORY FEES
      No one disputes that the debtor has timely filed a notice of appeal from the
May 13, 2003 order of the bankruptcy court requiring the debtor to pay his statutory
fees to the United States Trustee. 28 U.S.C. § 1930(a)(6) requires a debtor in
possession to pay a quarterly fee to the United States Trustee, for deposit in the
treasury, based on disbursements during the quarter, but with a minimum of $250.00
per quarter. Since the debtor's Chapter 11 case was pending during both the first and
second quarters of 2003, he is liable for a minimum of $250.00 for each quarter and
the debtor acknowledges this fact. The bankruptcy court clearly did not err when it
ordered the debtor to pay those fees.

                                          10
                                   CONCLUSION
       Because the debtor failed to timely file a notice of appeal from the April 21,
2003 order dismissing his Chapter 11 case, we lack jurisdiction over any purported
appeal from that order and any such appeal is dismissed. Because the bankruptcy
court correctly determined that the debtor was responsible for two quarters of
statutory fees, we affirm the order of May 13, 2003, directing him to pay those fees.

A true copy.

               Attest:

                     CLERK, U.S. BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE
                     PANEL, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

                                         11