Court Opinion

ID: 6316753
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-23 16:13:36.213698+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:00:32.053681
License: Public Domain

02/22/2022
           IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                             AT JACKSON
                         Assigned on Briefs November 3, 2021

             STATE OF TENNESSEE v. SHERMAN LEE HARRIS

                   Appeal from the Circuit Court for Fayette County
                     Nos. 6505, 13CR50 J. Weber McCraw, Judge
                      ___________________________________

                             No. W2021-00229-CCA-R3-CD1

                        ___________________________________

       Defendant, Sherman Lee Harris, pleaded guilty to delivery of a Schedule II
controlled substance and received a suspended sentence of twelve years on supervised
probation in 2011. In 2013, Defendant pleaded guilty to facilitation of delivery of a
Schedule II controlled substance and received a suspended sentence of 10 years on
supervised probation, to be served consecutively to his 12-year sentence. On January 29,
2021, after only hearing from Defendant’s probation officer regarding new charges in
Shelby County, the trial court revoked Defendant’s probation in both cases and ordered he
serve the balance of his sentences. Defendant appeals, contending that the trial court
erroneously admitted hearsay evidence without determining that it was reliable or that there
was good cause to admit the evidence. After our review, we reverse and remand the
judgments of the trial court because the State only produced unreliable hearsay evidence
and thus failed to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that Defendant had violated
the law. On remand, the trial court should hold another hearing to determine if Defendant
violated his probation.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Trial Court Reversed and
                                    Remanded

TIMOTHY L. EASTER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN EVERETT
WILLIAMS, P.J., and NORMA MCGEE OGLE, J., joined.

Kari I. Weber, Somerville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Sherman Lee Harris.

       1
           This matter was consolidated with docket number W2021-00230-CCA-R3-CD by this Court’s
ordered filed February 2, 2022.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Richard Davison Douglas, Assistant
Attorney General; Mark E. Davidson, District Attorney General; and Raven Icaza,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                        OPINION

                                   Procedural History

        In July of 2010, Defendant was indicted for one count of delivery of more than .5
grams of cocaine, a Schedule II controlled substance. On July 28, 2011, Defendant pleaded
guilty to the charged offense and was sentenced to 12 years as a Range II multiple offender.
In March of 2013, Defendant was again indicted for delivery of more than .5 grams of
cocaine, a Schedule II controlled substance. On July 16, 2013, he pleaded guilty to
facilitation of delivery of more than .5 grams of cocaine and was sentenced as a Range II
multiple offender to 10 years, suspended on probation. This sentence was to be served
consecutively to the previously imposed 12-year sentence.

        On November 12, 2020, the trial court issued probation violation warrants in both
cases, alleging that Defendant had violated his probation by being arrested and charged
with the offense of domestic assault on September 6, 2020; by failing to pay court costs,
fines, and probation fees; by being arrested and charged with coercion of a witness and
violating his bond conditions on October 5, 2020; and by being arrested and charged with
aggravated stalking, violating of an order of protection, and violating his bond conditions
on November 10, 2020. Following a hearing on January 29, 2021, the court found that
Defendant had violated the terms of his probation and entered an order revoking
Defendant’s probation.

                                   Revocation Hearing

       At the probation revocation hearing, David Ayers, a probation and parole officer
with the Tennessee Department of Correction, testified that he supervised Defendant on
probation for his conviction of delivery of .5 grams or more of cocaine and his subsequent
conviction of facilitation of delivery of more than .5 grams of cocaine. Mr. Ayers testified
that on September 1, 2020, “Memphis Police responded to a simple domestic call. . . .”
Defense counsel objected to “any testimony about any fact pattern of alleged charges” on
the grounds that such testimony was hearsay. Defense counsel asserted that the State was
required to call an officer or the victim in order “to present any proof along those lines.”
The prosecutor responded that it was reliable hearsay. She further stated that the State was
relying on a copy of an affidavit of complaint filed in Shelby County regarding an incident

                                           -2-
that occurred on September 1, 2020, that Mr. Ayers had attached to the probation violation
report. 2 The trial court ruled that the affidavit of complaint was reliable hearsay.

        Mr. Ayers testified that Defendant was charged with domestic assault in Shelby
County on September 6, 2020. Defendant was also charged in Shelby County with
coercion of a witness and violating the conditions of his bond on October 5, 2020.
Defendant was again arrested on November 10, 2020, for two counts of aggravated stalking
in violation of an order of protection and violating his bond conditions again. Mr. Ayers
testified, “So he’s got an ongoing situation with this domestic violence victim.” He
testified that all three cases were pending.

        Mr. Ayers testified that Defendant had a “long history” of probation violations. He
testified that the basis for the violation in this case was Defendant’s new arrests. He
testified, “[Defendant] got the original domestic violence charge but then he keeps
escalating with the victim because she won’t drop the case.” Mr. Ayers agreed that
Defendant had “been available to report” and had not violated any other terms of his
probation.

        Defendant did not testify or present any proof at the hearing. Defense counsel
argued that the State had failed to prove that Defendant violated the terms of his probation
because it “presented no proof through anyone involved with those cases in Memphis,
either a police officer or the alleged victim, to present any type of showing regarding those
offenses.” The State contended that the testimony of the probation officer, who relied on
the information from the affidavit of complaint, was sufficient to justify the revocation of
Defendant’s probation.

       At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court found that Defendant violated the
terms of his probation and revoked probation. The trial court stated, “The Court does find
that [Defendant] does have a new violation of law to his violation of his supervision. This
warrant – affidavit attached is the basis for this reliable information for the Court to rely
upon. Therefore, his suspended sentence is revoked.” In this timely appeal, Defendant
challenges the trial court’s order that he serve the balance of his sentences in confinement.

                                                  Analysis

       On appeal, Defendant asserts that the trial court abused its discretion by revoking
his probation and ordering him to serve the remainder of his sentences in confinement.
        2
            The probation violation reports, probation violation warrants, arrest warrants, and affidavits of
complaint were not admitted into evidence at the revocation hearing. They are contained in the record on
appeal with the exception of the affidavit of complaint from Defendant’s arrest for domestic assault, which
is noticeably absent from the record.
                                                     -3-
Defendant argues that the trial court erred by allowing Mr. Ayers to testify “to the facts
alleged in the Shelby County charges” without making a determination as to the reliability
of the information contained in the affidavit of complaint. Defendant further argues that
there was insufficient evidence presented to support the trial court’s finding that Defendant
violated the terms of his probation. The State asserts that the trial court properly revoked
Defendant’s probation.

        A trial judge is vested with the discretionary authority to revoke probation if a
preponderance of the evidence establishes that a defendant violated the conditions of his
or her probation. See T.C.A. §§ 40-35-310, -311(e); State v. Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d 553, 554
(Tenn. 2001). “The proof of a probation violation need not be established beyond a
reasonable doubt, but it is sufficient if it allows the trial judge to make a conscientious and
intelligent judgment.” State v. Harkins, 811 S.W.2d 79, 82 (Tenn. 1991).

       When a probation revocation is challenged, the appellate courts have a limited scope
of review. This Court will not overturn a trial court’s revocation of a defendant’s probation
absent an abuse of discretion. See Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d at 554. For an appellate court to be
warranted in finding that a trial judge abused his or her discretion by revoking probation,
“there must be no substantial evidence to support the conclusion of the trial court that a
violation of the conditions of probation has occurred.” Id.

      “While we recognize that a new arrest and pending charges are proper grounds on
which a trial court can revoke a defendant’s probation, a trial court may not rely on the
mere fact of an arrest or an indictment to revoke a defendant’s probation.” State v. John
Edward Winn, Jr., No. M2009-00094-CCA-R3-CD, 2010 WL 2516855, at *2 (Tenn. Crim.
App. June 22, 2010), no perm. app. filed (citing Harkins, 811 S.W.2d at 83 n.3 (Tenn.
1991)). Instead, “the State must show by a preponderance of the evidence that the
defendant violated the law.” Id. at *3 (citation omitted).

       “Reliable hearsay” is admissible in a probation revocation hearing so long as the
opposing party has a fair opportunity to rebut the evidence. T.C.A. § 40-35-209(b).
Moreover, our supreme court has determined that hearsay evidence is admissible at a
probation revocation hearing, thus depriving the probationer of the right to cross-
examination, when minimum confrontation requirements of Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S.
778, 786 (1973), are met. See State v. Wade, 863 S.W.2d 406, 409 (Tenn. 1993). Those
include (1) a specific finding by the trial court of “good cause” that would justify the denial
of the defendant’s right to confront and cross-examine an adverse witness; and (2) a
showing that the information contained in the report or testimony is reliable. See id.

      Defendant argues that the trial court erroneously admitted hearsay evidence without
determining that it was reliable and that there was good cause to admit the evidence. At
                                             -4-
the revocation hearing, the trial court explicitly found that the “copy of the affidavit of
complaint filed in Shelby County on an alleged incident on or about 09/01/2020” was
reliable hearsay.

       The record before us contains two probation violation reports, both prepared by Mr.
Ayers, the first dated October 1, 2020 and the second dated November 17, 2020. The
prosecutor explained at the revocation hearing that the “one later in November” was not
filed as an amended report “but should be taken as an amended violation.” The report
dated October 1, 2020 contains no attachments, but the narrative states that on September
1, 2020, Officer D. Adams responded to a domestic assault. It states that the victim
“advised [the] officer that [Defendant] had choke[d] her.” It further states,

       The victim advised [the] officer that they were sitting on her bed and
       [Defendant] asked for her to cash app him $25. She advised that she had sent
       him the money via cash app. However [Defendant] declined the offer via
       cash app.

       She advised that [Defendant] became irate. The victim tried to explain to
       him that he declined the offer but he became even more angry. She advised
       he grabbed her by her neck then started choking her. The victim advised
       [the] officer that she [was] in fear of her life.

       The victim advised that [Defendant] continues to call and harass her for the
       money.

       Attached to the second report dated November 17, 2020 are two affidavits of
complaint related to Defendant’s subsequent arrests for coercion of a witness, violating his
bond conditions, and aggravated stalking. Both affidavits state that on September 6, 2020,
Defendant was arrested for domestic assault. Significantly, the record does not contain an
affidavit of complaint from Defendant’s arrest for domestic assault, the source of Mr.
Ayers’ narrative of the violation in the probation violation report.

       The State argues that the trial court implicitly found that good cause existed to admit
the hearsay testimony of Mr. Ayers. In its brief, the State cites State v. Roy Cherry, No.
W2015-01084-CCA-R3-CD, 2016 WL 520304 (Tenn. Crim. App. Nov. 3, 2015), perm.
app. denied (Tenn. Feb. 8, 2016), in which a panel of this Court determined that the trial
court implicitly found that the hearsay presented was reliable and good cause justified its
admission as substantive evidence. In that case, the trial court revoked the defendant’s
grant of judicial diversion based on the defendant’s arrests for aggravated assault and
domestic assault. Id. at *2. At the revocation hearing, the prosecutor informed the trial
court that the victim of the aggravated assault had been subpoenaed and had been in court
                                            -5-
earlier that day but had since left. Id. The trial court heard testimony from the officer who
responded to a domestic assault call. The officer testified that the defendant’s girlfriend
told him that the defendant had choked her, and the officer observed marks on the victim’s
neck. Id. The officer also spoke to the defendant at the scene, and the defendant denied
choking the victim, but admitted ripping the victim’s jacket off. Id. The trial court revoked
the defendant’s diversion, finding by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant
had violated the terms and conditions of diversion. Id. A panel of this Court held that,
“although the trial court did not make a specific finding of ‘good cause’ for the admission
of the officers’ hearsay testimony, such a finding was implicit in the trial court’s words and
actions.” Id. at *3.

        In the case sub judice, the State did not offer any explanation at the revocation
hearing as to why the victim and/or the responding officer were not present as witnesses.
The State did not inform the trial court that it had issued a subpoena for either individual,
and the record does not contain any subpoenas. On appeal, the State asserts that the
information was reliable because “the evidence of the domestic assault came from the
officer who responded to the victim’s 911 call.” We disagree. The source of the
information contained in Mr. Ayers’ probation violation report was presumably the
affidavit of complaint from Defendant’s September 6, 2020 arrest, which was not admitted
as an exhibit to the hearing and is not contained in the record before us. The State failed
to make a showing that the information contained in Mr. Ayers’ report was reliable, and
the trial court failed to make any finding of good cause to justify the denial of Defendant’s
confrontation rights. Clearly, the statements by the victim to the responding officer were
hearsay. See Tenn. R. Evid. 801(c). After a careful review of the record, we are unable to
conclude that the trial court “implicitly” found good cause or that the record supports the
trial court’s determination that the hearsay was reliable. We therefore conclude that it was
error for the trial court to consider the evidence over Defendant’s objection.

        Defendant complains that the State failed to present sufficient evidence of a
violation of his probation. As stated above, the State failed to offer any proof of the
domestic assault or subsequent charges involving the same victim through testimony from
the victim or the responding police officer. The only testimony offered at the hearing was
that of Defendant’s probation officer, who had no personal knowledge of any of the
allegations made in the violation warrant. In fact, Mr. Ayers did not even testify as to the
allegations, but only the fact of new arrests. The affidavit of complaint in support of
Defendant’s domestic assault arrest was not attached to the probation violation report and
is not in the record before us. The affidavits of complaint related to Defendant’s subsequent
arrests for coercion of a witness and aggravated stalking were attached to the report, but
neither the report, nor the affidavits were admitted as evidence at the revocation hearing.
See State v. James R. Butler, No. M2008-01842-CCA-R3-CD, 2009 WL 3400677 (Tenn.
Crim. App. Oct. 20, 2009), no perm. app. filed (finding abuse of discretion where the record
                                            -6-
contained no arrest warrant or supporting affidavit and the only witness to testify at the
revocation hearing was the defendant’s probation officer); see also State v. Calvin Austin,
No. W2005-02592-CCA-R3-CD, 2006 WL 4555240 (Tenn. Crim. App. Aug. 9, 2006), no
perm. app. filed (determining trial court abused its discretion where the only testimony was
from the probation officer and the record did not contain the new arrest warrant or
indictment on which the violation was based). The State failed to establish by a
preponderance of the evidence that Defendant violated the law. The record before us does
not support revocation of Defendant’s probation.

                                     CONCLUSION

        Based on the foregoing and the record as a whole, we reverse the judgments of the
trial court and remand these cases for a probation revocation hearing consistent with this
opinion.

                                   _______________________________
                                   TIMOTHY L. EASTER, JUDGE

                                           -7-