Court Opinion

ID: 9749757
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-27 23:11:15.659504+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:25:28.698147
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
                        OF TEXAS

                                     NO. PD-0239-22

                          ANDREW SHIRLEY JR., Appellant

                                             v.

                                THE STATE OF TEXAS

        ON APPELLANT=S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW
                FROM THE NINTH COURT OF APPEALS
                         HARRIS COUNTY

              KEEL, J., filed a concurring opinion, in which KELLER, P.J., joined.

       The Disaster Act authorizes the governor to suspend procedures that regulate state

agency operations—period. It does not authorize the wholesale suspension of statutes

and especially not criminal ones, and I wouldn’t wait for the next emergency to say so.

       Subsection (a) reads as follows: “The governor may suspend the provisions of any

regulatory statute prescribing the procedures for conduct of state business or the orders or

rules of a state agency if strict compliance with the provisions, orders, or rules would in
                                                                            Shirley—Page 2

any way prevent, hinder, or delay necessary action in coping with a disaster.” Tex. Gov’t

Code § 418.016(a). Its scope is narrow.

       First, “regulatory statutes” are commonly understood as civil laws administered by

executive agencies. Ron Beal, A Pandemic of Separation of Powers Violations in Texas:

The Interrelationship of the Texas Disaster Act and Texas Gov’t Code Section 22.0035,

53 ST. MARY’S L. J. 387, 393 (2022) (citing Ron Beal, TEXAS ADMINISTRATIVE

PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE ch. 1 (23rd ed. 2020). Second, Subsection (a) reaches only

certain provisions of regulatory statutes—not whole statutes, not even regulatory ones.

Third, the provisions it reaches must “prescrib[e] the procedures for conduct of state

business[.]” Tex. Gov’t Code § 418.016(a). In other words, Subsection (a) authorizes

the suspension of civil laws administered by executive agencies that prescribe agency

operational procedures.

       That narrow reach is underscored by the statute’s context.

       Subsection (a)’s alternative grant of authority to suspend agency rules and orders

supports a narrow reading because words in statutes are known by the company they

keep. See U.S. v. Bevans, 16 U.S. 336, 390–91 (1818). Its condition precedent supports

a narrow reading, too: the governor may suspend statutory provisions or agency rules or

orders if “strict compliance” with such would “prevent, hinder, or delay necessary action

in coping with a disaster.” Id. Only a state agency would be hindered by strict

compliance with procedures prescribed for the conduct of state business. Meanwhile,

Subsection (e) grants the governor the authority to waive or suspend a deadline imposed

on political subdivisions by statute. Id. § 418.016(e). This specific grant of authority
                                                                            Shirley—Page 3

would be superfluous if Subsection (a) granted authority to suspend statutes generally

instead of only those that regulate the conduct of state business.

       Did Subsection (a) authorize suspension of the vehicle registration statutes? No.

They define a couple of traffic offenses, specify defenses to them, and authorize courts to

dismiss charges brought under them in some cases; they say nothing about procedures for

the conduct of state business. See Tex. Transp. Code §§ 502.407, 502.473. So they are

not subject to suspension under the Disaster Act.

       We should clarify this now rather than wait for the next emergency. Since the

Court does not, I respectfully concur only in its judgment.

Delivered: August 23, 2023

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