Court Opinion

ID: 9915700
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-01-06 18:13:09.164603+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:18:53.092958
License: Public Domain

NUMBER 13-23-00159-CV

                             COURT OF APPEALS

                   THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                      CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

CITY OF BROWNSVILLE,                                                        Appellant,

                                         v.

EVARISTO GAMEZ JR.,                                                           Appellee.

                    On appeal from the 444th District Court
                         of Cameron County, Texas.

                          MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Before Chief Justice Contreras and Justices Silva and Peña
                Memorandum Opinion by Justice Silva

      Appellant City of Brownsville (the City) appeals the trial court’s order denying its

plea to the jurisdiction, seeking to have appellee Evaristo Gamez Jr.’s claims for wrongful

termination against it dismissed. By one issue with multiple subparts, the City argues that

the trial court erred by denying its plea to the jurisdiction because Gamez could not

establish that the City’s governmental immunity had been waived. We reverse and render
in part, reverse and remand in part, and affirm in part.

                                        I.      BACKGROUND

        Gamez’s live pleading alleged that he was a City employee for over thirty years,

reaching the position of director of operations for building planning. On November 20,

2017, the City transferred Gamez to the position of director of operations for the animal

shelter. 1 However, on September 30, 2018, Gamez was terminated because, according

to the City, the position was not included in the budget for fiscal year 2019 or beyond.

Gamez’s duties as director of operations for the animal shelter were transferred to the

already existing position of director of public health and wellness. Gamez further

explained that prior to his termination, he was diagnosed with and treated for cancer.

        Gamez alleged that the City transferred his position and subsequently terminated

him because of his age and disability and in retaliation for opposing a discriminatory act.

Accordingly, Gamez brought claims for wrongful termination under the Texas

Commission on Human Rights Act (TCHRA), seeking damages for lost wages, past and

future mental anguish, and exemplary damages.

        The City filed a plea to the jurisdiction, challenging certain jurisdictional facts.

Specifically, the City asserted that it had a nondiscriminatory reason to terminate Gamez

and that he was not actually disabled for the purposes of the TCHRA. Lastly, the City

argued that Gamez “ha[d] not alleged, and he [could not] show, that he ha[d] opposed a

discriminatory practice” so as to establish a retaliation claim. The City attached seven

        1 Gamez alleged that he was first notified of the impending move on June 16, 2017. However, it

was not until he received a notice on October 12, 2017, that the transfer was confirmed. Gamez’s first day
as director of operations for the animal shelter was November 20, 2017.

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exhibits to its plea, including the letter notifying Gamez of the elimination of his position,

Gamez’s retirement paperwork, Gamez’s charge of discrimination filed with the Texas

Workforce Commission (TWC), affidavits from two City employees, and Gamez’s

deposition.

       Gamez responded to the City’s plea, arguing, in part, that the City did not establish

facts negating his prima facie case. 2 According to Gamez, the trial court was required to

deny the plea to the jurisdiction because he pleaded a prima facie case for each charge

of discrimination or retaliation. Additionally, Gamez alleged that “[t]he stated reason for

[his] termination—elimination of his position[—]is false, discriminatory[,] and is a

pretextual reason.” Gamez attached an affidavit to his response, wherein he reiterated

his argument, that the City’s stated reason for his termination was pretextual. Gamez also

averred that he “opposed a discriminatory practice when Michael Lopez, Interim City

Manager, transferred [Gamez’s] directorship from [o]perations [m]anager/[b]uilding

[o]fficial to the [a]nimal [s]helter.”

       The trial court denied the City’s plea to the jurisdiction. This interlocutory appeal

followed. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(a)(5).

                                   II.    STANDARD OF REVIEW

       “A plea to the jurisdiction is a dilatory plea, the purpose of which is to defeat a

cause of action without regard to whether the claims asserted have merit.” Bland Indep.

Sch. Dist. v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex. 2000). The plea challenges the trial court’s

       2  Gamez casts the City’s plea as “only challeng[ing] and produc[ing] evidence relating to the
existence of evidence,” which he contended the City cannot do.

                                                 3
subject matter jurisdiction over a pleaded cause of action. Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife

v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 226 (Tex. 2004). “When a plea to the jurisdiction challenges

the pleadings, we determine if the pleader has alleged facts that affirmatively demonstrate

the court’s jurisdiction to hear the cause,” construing “the pleadings liberally in favor of

the plaintiff[] and look to the pleader[’s] intent.” Id.

       A plaintiff has the burden to affirmatively demonstrate the trial court’s jurisdiction.

Town of Shady Shores v. Swanson, 590 S.W.3d 544, 550 (Tex. 2019). “When a defendant

challenges jurisdiction, a court ‘is not required to look solely to the pleadings but may

consider evidence and must do so when necessary to resolve the jurisdictional issues

raised.’” Id. (quoting Bland Indep. Sch. Dist., 34 S.W.3d at 555); see Jones v. Turner, 646

S.W.3d 319, 325 (Tex. 2022) (explaining that a plea to the jurisdiction may challenge the

pleadings, the existence of jurisdictional facts, or both). This is true even when the

jurisdictional issue intertwines with the merits of the case. Swanson, 590 S.W.3d at 550.

       When jurisdictional facts are challenged, our standard of review mirrors that of a

summary judgment. Alamo Heights Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Clark, 544 S.W.3d 755, 805 (Tex.

2018). We must take as true all evidence favorable to the nonmovant, indulge every

reasonable inference and resolve any doubts in the nonmovant’s favor, and disregard

contrary evidence unless a reasonable factfinder could not. See id. at 771; Miranda, 133

S.W.3d at 228. If the evidence raises a fact issue regarding jurisdiction, the plea cannot

be granted, and a factfinder must resolve the issue. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 227–28. On

the other hand, if the evidence is undisputed or fails to raise a fact issue, the plea must

be determined as a matter of law. Mission Consol. Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Garcia, 372 S.W.3d

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629, 635 (Tex. 2012); Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 228.

      “A genuine issue of material fact exists if more than a scintilla of evidence

establishing the existence of the challenged element is produced.” Ford Motor Co. v.

Ridgway, 135 S.W.3d 598, 600 (Tex. 2004). The evidence must “rise[] to a level that

would enable reasonable and fair-minded people to differ in their conclusions.” First

United Pentecostal Church of Beaumont v. Parker, 514 S.W.3d 214, 220 (Tex. 2017)

(quoting Merrell Dow Pharm., Inc. v. Havner, 953 S.W.2d 706, 711 (Tex. 1997)).

However, a factfinder may not reasonably infer an ultimate fact from meager

circumstantial evidence which could give rise to any number of inferences, none more

probable than another. Kingsaire, Inc. v. Melendez, 477 S.W.3d 309, 313 (Tex. 2015)

(quoting Hancock v. Variyam, 400 S.W.3d 59, 70–71 (Tex. 2013)). Furthermore, evidence

does not create a fact issue if it is so weak as to do no more than create a mere surmise

or suspicion that the fact exists. Parker, 514 S.W.3d at 220.

                                   III.   APPLICABLE LAW

      The TCHRA prohibits, among other things, age and disability discrimination and

retaliation by employers. See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. §§ 21.001, 21.051, 21.055. Section

21.051 of the labor code states:

      An employer commits an unlawful employment practice if because
      of . . . disability . . . or age the employer . . . fails or refuses to hire an
      individual, discharges an individual, or discriminates in any other manner
      against an individual in connection with compensation or the terms,
      conditions, or privileges of employment[.]

Id. § 21.051(1). Section 21.055 provides that an employer commits an unlawful

employment practice if the employer retaliates or discriminates against a person who,

under chapter 21 of the labor code, “(1) opposes a discriminatory practice; (2) makes or
                                           5
files a charge; (3) files a complaint; or (4) testifies, assists, or participates in any manner

in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing.” Id. § 21.055. An “employer” includes “a

county, municipality, state agency, or state instrumentality, regardless of the number of

individuals employed.” Id. § 21.002(8)(D).

       “Governmental units . . . are immune from suit unless the [S]tate consents.” Clark,

544 S.W.3d at 770. “The TCHRA waives immunity from suit only for statutory violations,

which means the trial court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction over the dispute absent” a

claim for conduct that is recognized under the TCHRA. Id. at 763. If a plaintiff fails to

allege a violation of the TCHRA, then the trial court does not have jurisdiction, and the

claim should be dismissed. Garcia, 372 S.W.3d at 637.

       Because the TCHRA is modeled after federal civil rights law, we may look to

analogous federal precedent for our guidance. Tex. Dep’t of Transp. v. Lara, 625 S.W.3d

46, 59 (Tex. 2021) (citing Clark, 544 S.W.3d at 781); Brownsville Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Alex,

408 S.W.3d 670, 674 n.6 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2013, no pet.); see TEX.

LAB. CODE ANN. § 21.001. To establish unlawful discrimination under the TCHRA, a

plaintiff may rely on either direct or circumstantial evidence. Clark, 544 S.W.3d at 781–

82. A case based on circumstantial evidence is referred to as a “pretext” case. See

Quantum Chem. Co. v. Toennies, 47 S.W.3d 473, 476 (Tex. 2001) (per curiam). In a

pretext case, the plaintiff’s goal is to show that the employer’s stated reason for the

adverse action was a pretext for discrimination. Id.

       “When a plaintiff relies on circumstantial evidence to establish a discrimination

claim, we follow the burden-shifting framework the United States Supreme Court

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established in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973).” Tex. Tech Univ.

Health Scis. Ctr.-El Paso v. Flores, 612 S.W.3d 299, 305 (Tex. 2020); Clark, 544 S.W.3d

at 782. Under this framework: (1) the plaintiff must first create a presumption of illegal

discrimination by pleading a prima facie case; (2) the defendant must then rebut that

presumption by producing evidence of a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for the

employment action; and (3) the plaintiff must then overcome the rebuttal evidence by

producing evidence that the defendant’s stated reason is a mere pretext. Flores, 612

S.W.3d at 305; Clark, 544 S.W.3d at 782. If a plaintiff fails to establish a prima facie case

against a governmental unit or overcome the rebuttal evidence, then the trial court lacks

jurisdiction and must dismiss the case. See Garcia, 372 S.W.3d at 635; Miranda, 133

S.W.3d at 225–26.

       The requirements to establish a prima facie case of discrimination “vary depending

on the circumstances.” Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Rincones, 520 S.W.3d 572, 583 (Tex. 2017).

To establish a prima facie case of disability discrimination, Gamez must show “(1) he has

a ‘disability[’;] (2) he is ‘qualified’ for the job; and (3) he suffered an adverse employment

decision because of his disability.” Donaldson v. Tex. Dep’t of Aging & Disability Servs.,

495 S.W.3d 421, 436 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2016, pet. denied). To establish a

prima facie age discrimination case, Gamez must show that he was “(1) a member of the

protected class under the TCHRA, (2) qualified for his . . . employment position, (3)

terminated by the employer, and (4) replaced by someone younger.” Garcia, 372 S.W.3d

at 642. And, to establish a prima facie case of retaliation, Gamez must show “(1) [he]

engaged in an activity protected by the TCHRA, (2) [he] experienced a material adverse

                                              7
employment action, and (3) a causal link exists between the protected activity and the

adverse action.” Lara, 625 S.W.3d at 58.

       “‘Disability’ means, with respect to an individual, a mental or physical impairment

that substantially limits at least one major life activity of that individual, a record of such

an impairment, or being regarded as having such an impairment.” TEX. LAB. CODE ANN.

§ 21.002(6). “Major life activity” encompasses a wide number of functions, which includes,

but is not limited to:

       caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating,
       sleeping, walking, standing, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning,
       reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, and working. The term
       also includes the operation of a major bodily function, including, but not
       limited to, functions of the immune system, normal cell growth, and
       digestive, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory,
       endocrine, and reproductive functions.

Id. § 21.002(11-a).

       Gamez can show that he was qualified for his position “in one of two ways: (1) by

proving that he can perform all essential job functions with or without modifications or

accommodations; or (2) by showing that some reasonable accommodation by the

employer would enable him to perform the job.” Donaldson, 495 S.W.3d at 437.

       “To establish a [retaliation claim], the employee must show that: (1) []he engaged

in an activity protected by the TCHRA, (2) an adverse employment action occurred, and

(3) there exists a causal link between the protected activity and the adverse action.” San

Antonio Water Sys. V. Nicholas, 461 S.W.3d 131, 137 (Tex. 2015).

       Once a plaintiff establishes a prima facie case for discrimination, the burden shifts

to the employer to establish a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the employment

action. Flores, 612 S.W.3d at 305. If an employer presents sufficient evidence to establish
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a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for termination, the burden shifts back to the

plaintiff to show that a fact issue exists regarding the reason for termination. Flores, 612

S.W.3d at 305; Clark, 544 S.W.3d at 782; M.D. Anderson Hosp. & Tumor Inst. V. Willrich,

28 S.W.3d 22, 24 (Tex. 2000) (per curiam). “Stray remarks, remote in time from [plaintiff’s]

termination, and not made by anyone directly connected with the [reduction in force]

decisions, are not enough to raise a fact question about whether [the employer’s] reason

for terminating [the plaintiff] was pretextual.” Willrich, 28 S.W.3d at 25 (first citing Nichols

v. Loral Vought Sys. Corp., 81 F.3d 38, 40–41 (5th Cir. 1996), and then citing Waggoner

v. City of Garland, 987 F.2d 1160, 1166 (5th Cir.1993) (“[A] mere ‘stray remark’ is

insufficient to establish age discrimination.”)). A plaintiff’s subjective belief and conclusory

statements alone are not sufficient to rebut an employer’s legitimate, nondiscriminatory

reason for termination. Hudgens v. Univ. of Tex. MD Anderson Cancer Ctr., 615 S.W.3d

634, 643–48, 647 n.11 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2020, no pet.).

                                       IV.    ANALYSIS

       The City argues the trial court erred by denying its plea to the jurisdiction because

it presented sufficient evidence to establish a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for

termination and Gamez did not produce evidence showing that this reason was

pretextual. The City further argues denial of the plea was error because Gamez was not

“disabled” for the purposes of the TCHRA, and Gamez did not oppose a discriminatory

act or practice that would establish a retaliation claim. Gamez, in turn, argues that the

City “fails to address the evidence presented by and [Gamez’s] contention that he was

first demoted and then transferred in retaliation for his complaints related to unlawful

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discrimination and retaliation.” Gamez again alleges that he “opposed a discriminatory

practice when Michael Lopez, Interim City Manager, transferred [Gamez’s] directorship

from [o]perations [m]anager/[b]uilding [o]fficial to the [a]nimal [s]helter.”

       A.     Wrongful Termination

       First, we agree with the City that Gamez was not “disabled” for the purposes of the

TCHRA. See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 21.002(6) (defining “disability”). Citing Pharr-San

Juan-Alamo Independent School District v. Lozano, No. 13-20-00305-CV, 2021 WL

5702455, at *1 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg Dec. 2, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.),

Gamez argues that we have recognized cancer “as a disability evidencing disability or

perception of disability.” However, that case did not expressly consider whether the

employee suffered from a disability under the TCHRA. See id. Importantly, during a

deposition, Gamez was asked if his cancer impaired him in any way and he denied that

it did. See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 21.002(6). Moreover, at the time of Gamez’s

termination, he was no longer suffering from cancer as he had been in remission for

several months and only required a brief check-up every three months. See id. Finally,

Gamez presented no evidence that the City regarded him as being disabled beyond a

bare assertion that some employees at the City were aware that he previously had cancer.

See id.; Tex. Tech Univ. Health Scis. Ctr.-El Paso v. Niehay, 671 S.W.3d 929, 936 (Tex.

2023) (noting that a “regarded as” claim requires only “a mental or physical impairment”

without requiring a showing that it significantly impairs a major life activity). Accordingly,

Gamez failed to establish a prima facie case of disability discrimination. See TEX. LAB.

CODE ANN. § 21.051(1).

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      As it relates to his age discrimination claim, Gamez points to the statement in his

affidavit that the assistant city manager asked Gamez when he was going to retire in June

2017—fifteen months before his position was eliminated. Assuming that an inquiry into

an employee’s intent to retire may be evidence of discrimination, the assistant city

manager’s inquiry in particular is too remote in time to support a conclusion that

discrimination was the basis of his termination. See Niu v. Revcor Molded Prods. Co.,

206 S.W.3d 723, 730 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2006, no pet.) (concluding that a comment

made eighteen months prior to termination was not proximate in time and unrelated to

employment decision); see also Dallas Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Allen, No. 05-16-00537-CV,

2016 WL 7405781, at *7 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 22, 2016, pet. denied) (mem. op.)

(concluding that comment made approximately five months before employment decision

was too isolated to constitute direct evidence). Moreover, Gamez presented no evidence

that the person who made the comment was responsible for his position being eliminated.

See Reed v. Neopost USA, Inc., 701 F.3d 434, 441–42 (5th Cir. 2012) (noting that stray

remarks by individuals not responsible for termination decision are insufficient to support

age discrimination). Therefore, Gamez failed to establish a prima facie case of age

discrimination as it relates to his termination. See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 21.051(1).

      Even assuming Gamez established a prima facie case for his claims, the City

provided evidence of a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for terminating Gamez,

shifting the burden back to Gamez to show the reason was a mere pretext, which it claims

he failed to meet. The City’s evidence that accompanied its plea to the jurisdiction

included the letter notifying Gamez that his position was being eliminated due to

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budgetary constraints, affidavits from two City employees, Art Rodriguez and Lupe

Granado III, who both averred that the position was not budgeted for and the

responsibilities were transferred to Rodriguez as director of public health and wellness

for the City, and Gamez’s deposition wherein he acknowledged that the City’s budget no

longer provided for his position. The evidence presented by the City is sufficient to show

that Gamez’s position was eliminated as part of a reduction in force, a recognized

legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for termination. See Flores, 612 S.W.3d at 305;

Willrich, 28 S.W.3d at 24 (recognizing that a reduction in force is a legitimate

nondiscriminatory reason for termination); Ptomey v. Tex. Tech Univ., 277 S.W.3d 487,

493–94 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2009, pet. denied) (concluding that an affidavit stating the

plaintiff was terminated as part of a workforce reduction due to budgetary constraints was

sufficient to meet the burden shifting standard at summary judgment); McCoy v. Tex.

Instruments, Inc., 183 S.W.3d 548, 556 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.) (recognizing

reduction in force as a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for termination); see also

Clevinger v. Fluor Daniel Servs. Corp., No. 10-11-00288-CV, 2012 WL 1366575, at *3

(Tex. App.—Waco Apr. 18, 2012, no pet.) (mem. op.) (same).

       Once the City presented evidence of a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for

termination, the burden shifted back to Gamez to demonstrate that the stated reason was

a mere pretext. See Flores, 612 S.W.3d at 305; Clark, 544 S.W.3d at 782; Willrich, 28

S.W.3d at 24. However, Gamez only produced his affidavit, which included his own

subjective beliefs and conclusory statements that the City’s proffered reason was false

and pretextual. “An employee’s subjective belief of discrimination or retaliation, no matter

                                            12
how genuine, cannot serve as the basis for judicial relief.” McCoy, 183 S.W.3d at 555;

see Flores, 612 S.W.3d at 313; Tex. Health & Human Servs v. Sepulveda, 668 S.W.3d

856, 875 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2023, no pet.); Hudgens, 615 S.W.3d at 643–48, 647 n.11.

Accordingly, Gamez failed to meet his burden to rebut the City’s evidence of a legitimate,

nondiscriminatory reason for his termination. See Flores, 612 S.W.3d at 305; Clark, 544

S.W.3d at 782; cf. Salas v. Fluor Daniel Servs. Corp., 616 S.W.3d 137, 155–56 (Tex.

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2020, pet. denied) (concluding plaintiff presented sufficient

evidence to rebut the reduction-in-force claim by employer as grounds for termination);

Stewart v. Sanmina Tex. L.P., 156 S.W.3d 198, 212–13 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, no pet.)

(same).

       For the foregoing reasons, we sustain the City’s issue as it relates to Gamez’s age

and disability discrimination claims for his termination.

       B.     Retaliation

       The City next argues that Gamez cannot establish a valid retaliation claim.

Specifically, the City argues that Gamez

       has not alleged, and he cannot show, that he has opposed a discriminatory
       practice. [Gamez] has not identified an individual affected by a
       discriminatory practice, much less of what protected class such an
       individual is a member. Appellee has also failed to identify the charge or
       complaint of a discrimination he has filed or made, or what investigation,
       proceeding or hearing he has participated in to oppose the unidentified
       discriminatory practice.

The City points to Gamez’s TWC charge, noting that it was not filed until after Gamez was

terminated and thus cannot serve as the grounds for his termination. However, Gamez

noted in his response to the City’s plea that he does not claim that the termination serves

as the basis of his retaliation claim; rather, Gamez argues that it was the City’s original
                                              13
transfer that serves as the basis of his retaliation claim. The City’s plea to the jurisdiction

and accompanying evidence relate solely to a claim of retaliation based on termination,

not the transfer.

       After liberally construing Gamez’s live pleadings, we cannot say that he clearly

pleaded a retaliation claim. See Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 226. Although Gamez included

the elements of a retaliation claim, emphasizing through italics “[o]pposes a discriminatory

practice,” he does not identify the discriminatory practice that he opposed. “When a

plaintiff fails to plead facts that establish jurisdiction, but the petition does not affirmatively

demonstrate incurable defects in jurisdiction, the issue is one of pleading sufficiency and

the plaintiff should be afforded the opportunity to amend.” County of Cameron v. Brown,

80 S.W.3d 549, 555 (Tex. 2002). The situation here is one of pleading sufficiency, thus

Gamez should be afforded the opportunity to replead. See id. Accordingly, we sustain the

City’s issue as it relates to Gamez’s retaliation claim, but remand so that Gamez may

replead his claim. See id.

       C.      Transfer as a Discriminatory Act

       Gamez notes that the City does not challenge his claims of age and disability-

based discrimination for his transfer. Gamez’s pleadings, when liberally construed,

include a claim for age or disability-based discrimination as it relates to his transfer. For

example, Gamez’s petition states:

       6.6 The City of Brownsville illegally transferred plaintiff’s directorship based
       upon plaintiff’s age and made false accusations of improper conduct
       directed at plaintiff. Plaintiff was eventually cleared of the false accusations
       in February 2018, but was forced to retire because plaintiff’s position had
       been eliminated.

               ....
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        6.8 With regard to age discrimination, the Plaintiff would show unto the court
        that he is over the age of 40; that he is qualified for the job of Director of
        Operations or any job within the City’s Leadership positions; and that
        persons younger than him have been treated more favorably by the City.
        Additionally, when the Plaintiff’s directorship was transferred, he was asked
        by Mr. Lopez “when are you going to retire?” Plaintiff Evaristo Gamez was
        concerned by this statement because he was significantly over the age of
        forty and he was being told to transfer from Director of Operations/Building
        Official to the Animal Shelter without any reasonable explanation other than
        blatant age discrimination.

Moreover, in Gamez’s deposition, he specifically refers to two younger individuals

replacing him after his transfer, not his termination. The City, failed to provide any reason

in its plea for why this specific claim should be dismissed. Finally, Gamez’s TWC charge

includes a complaint that he was transferred for discriminatory reasons. 3 However, as

noted, the City’s plea to the jurisdiction disproved Gamez’s prima facie disability claim

when it produced evidence that he was not “disabled” for the purposes of the TCHRA.

See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 21.051(1). Thus, Gamez’s disability discrimination claim as it

relates to his transfer must be dismissed. Because the City did not challenge Gamez’s

age-based discrimination claim as it relates to his transfer, that claim remains pending.

                                          V.      CONCLUSION

        We reverse the trial court’s judgment and render judgment (1) dismissing Gamez’s

age and disability-based discrimination claims as they relate to his termination, and

(2) dismissing his disability claim as it relates to his transfer. We remand Gamez’s

retaliation claim to provide him an opportunity to replead and affirm the remainder of the

trial court’s order.

        3 In his charge, Gamez wrote that “[t]he City . . . illegally transferred my directorship based on my

age.”

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                                  CLARISSA SILVA
                                  Justice

Delivered and filed on the
4th day of January, 2024.

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