Court Opinion

ID: 4059378
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-29 19:30:08.172578+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:31:53.411908
License: Public Domain

PD-1292-15
                       PD-1292-15                       COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
                                                                         AUSTIN, TEXAS
                                                        Transmitted 9/30/2015 3:04:59 PM
                                                          Accepted 9/30/2015 4:04:58 PM

                  No. ________________
                                                                          ABEL ACOSTA
                                                                                  CLERK

                           In The
             COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TEXAS
                        Austin, Texas

               Jesse Dimas Alvarado, Petitioner
                                v.
                   State of Texas, Respondent

   On Appeal from the 185th District Court Harris County, Texas
       and from the First Court of Appeals, Houston, Texas
                   Trial Court Case No. 1410607
            Court of Appeals Case No. 01-14-00857-CR

 PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW

                                Timothy A. Hootman
                                SBN 09965450
                                2402 Pease St
                                Houston, TX 77003
                                713.247.9548
                                713.583.9523 (f)
  September 30, 2015            Email: thootman2000@yahoo.com
                                ATTORNEY FOR PETITIONER, JESSE
                                DIMAS ALVARADO

Oral argument not requested

                                1
      Identity Of Judges, Parties, and
                  Counsel
      The following judges, parties, and counsel are associated with this

case in the trial court and on appeal:

Trial judge:                      Hon. Susan Brown
                                  Judge, 185th Judicial District
                                  1201 Franklin St, 17th Fl
                                  Houston, TX 77002
Justices from the First           Hon. Sherry Radack, Chief Justice
Court of Appeals:                 Hon. Laura Carter Higley, Justice
                                  Hon. Michael Massengale, Justice
                                  301 Fannin St
                                  Houston, TX 77002-2066

Defendant/Petitioner:             Jesse Dimas Alvarado
Attorney for petitioner           Bryan D. Coyne
(in the trial court):             SBN 04966800
                                  1914 Memorial Dr.
                                  Houston, TX 77007

Attorney for petitioner           Timothy A. Hootman
(in the court of appeal           SBN 09965450
and the Court of Criminal         2402 Pease St
Appeals):                         Houston, TX 77003

Respondent:                       The State of Texas
Attorneys for respondent:         Neil Krugh, SBN 24068262
                                  Sarah Bruchmiller, SBN 24051359
                                  Harris County District Attorney’s Office
                                  1201 Franklin
                                  Houston, TX 77002

                                         2
                Table Of Contents
IDENTITY OF JUDGES, PARTIES, AND COUNSEL.…………………………………… 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………… 3
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES…………………………………………………………………. 4
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT……………………………………… ..6
STATEMENT OF CASE……………………………………………………………………… 7
STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY……………………………………………… 8
QUESTIONS PRESENTED FOR REVIEW……………………………………………….. 9
ARGUMENT………………………………………………………………………………… 10
PRAYER FOR RELIEF……………………………………………………………………. 22
CERTIFICATE OF WORD COUNT……………………………………………………….23
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ………………………………………………………………24
APPENDIX…….. Memorandum Opinion from the First Court of Appeals

                              3
                       INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
Cases:
Anaya v. State, 988 S.W.2d 823 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 1999,
     no pet.) ................................................................................................ 18
Boyington v. State, 738 S.W.2d 704 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st
     Dist.] 1985, no pet. ) ............................................................................. 19
Brown v. State, 974 S.W.2d 289 (Tex. App.—San Antonio
     1998, pet. ref’d) .................................................................................... 18
Cude v. State, 588 S.W.2d 895 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979) ..................................... 18
Ex parte Menchaca, 854 S.W.2d 128 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993)....................... 18, 21
Glivens v. State, 918 S.W.2d 30 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
      1996, pet. ref’d) .................................................................................... 19
Goodspeed v. State, 187 S.W.3d 390 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) ........................... 18
Gosch v. State, 829 S.W.2d 775 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991) .................................... 21
Johnston v. State, 145 S.W.3d 215 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) ............................... 17
Mitchell v. State, 931 S.W.2d 950 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996) ................................ 17
Mata v. State, 226 S.W.3d 425 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) .................................... 18
Miles v. State, 644 S.W.2d 23 (Tex. App.—El Paso 1982, no
      pet.) ................................................................................................ 18, 19
Montez v. State, 824 S.W.2d 308 (Tex. App.—San Antonio
     1992, no pet. ) ...................................................................................... 19
Montgomery v. State, 810 S.W.2d 372 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991) ......................... 17
Perrero v. State, 990 S.W.2d 896 (Tex. App.—El Paso 1999,
      pet. ref’d) ............................................................................................ 18
Ramirez v. State, 873 S.W.2d 757 (Tex. App.—El Paso 1994,
     pet. ref’d) ............................................................................................. 19
Rankin v. State, 974 S.W.2d 707 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996) .................................. 17
Robbins v. State, 88 S.W.3d 256 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) ................................. 17
Roberts v. State, 187 S.W.3d 475 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006)................................. 18
Stone v. State, 17 S.W.3d 348 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi
     2000, pet. ref’d) ................................................................................... 18
Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999) .......................... 19, 20

                                                    4
Vasquez v. State, 830 S.W.2d 948 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992) ............................... 18
Vaughn v. State, 931 S.W.2d 564 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996) ................................. 21

Federal cases:
Lyons v. McCotter, 770 F.2d 529 (5th Cir. 1985)............................................... 19
Spriggs v. Collins, 993 F.2d 85 (5th Cir. 1993) ................................................. 19
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984) ........................................ 19, 20

Rules:
TEX. R. EVID. 103 ...................................................................................... 15, 16
TEX. R. EVID. 104 ........................................................................................... 16
TEX. R. EVID. 403 ........................................................................................... 17
TEX. R. EVID. 404(b) ...................................................................................... 17

                                                  5
   STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL
          ARGUMENT
Petitioner does not request oral argument.

                            6
               STATEMENT OF THE CASE
      Petitioner was charged by indictment with unlawful possession of a

firearm in violation of section 46.04(a)(1) of the Penal Code (CR 9). After a

plea of not guilty, a jury convicted appellant (CR 33-39) and the trial court

sentenced him to five years in prison and $335.00 in court costs (CR 40).

The court of appeals affirmed and denied petitioner’s motion for rehearing.

                                     7
   STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY
      On July 16, 2015, the First Court of Appeals affirmed petitioner’s

conviction in an unpublished opinion.

      On July 31, 2015, petitioner filed a motion for rehearing which was

denied on September 1, 2015.

                                   8
 QUESTIONS PRESENTED FOR REVIEW

Question one:
Would a reasonably competent lawyer formulate a trial
strategy of not objecting to the extraneous offense evidence
present in this case when he or she could have preserved the
error outside the hearing of the jury under Rules of Evidence
103 and 104 thereby eliminating the need to object in front of
the jury without losing the objection?

Question two:
Should the court of appeals have addressed the merits of the
ineffective assistance of counsel claim raised in Appellant’s
Brief?

                              9
                         ARGUMENT
      On July 21, 2003, petitioner pleaded guilty to sexual assault of a

teenaged female who was between 14 and 17 years old (her exact age is not

clear from the record) while he was 18 years old. (RR 3/58 and 5/State

Exh. 9).    More specifically, petitioner pleaded guilty to the second

paragraph of the indictment which alleges that he “cause[d] the

penetration of the female sexual organ of … the [c]omplainant, a person

younger than seventeen years of age … by placing his finger in the female

sexual organ of the [c]omplainant.” Id. Petitioner was sentenced to ten

years deferred adjudication probation with “152 days in the Harris County

Jail beginning July 21, 2003” as a condition of the probation. (RR 5/State

Exh. 9).

      On July 22, 2003 (the day after being sentenced in the sexual assault

case), a motion to adjudicate petitioner’s deferred adjudication probation

was filed because he “committed the offense of intentionally and knowingly

escaping from custody on or about July 21, 2003.” Id.       The motion to

adjudicate states that the confinement from which appellant escaped “was

the result of conditions imposing a period of confinement in a secure

correctional facility.” Id. In other words, petitioner escaped the same day

that he was sentenced to the deferred adjudication probation regarding the

sexual assault case.

                                    10
      On August 12, 2003, petitioner pleaded true to the motion to

adjudicate without an agreed recommendation on the sentence, was

adjudged guilty and sentenced to eight years in prison, a $500.00 fine and

$823.00 in court costs. Id. Thus, petitioner would have completed his

sentence on August 12, 2011. (RR 3/26).

      On December 5, 2013 (less than five years after petitioner completed

his sentence on the sexual assault case), a federal child-pornography search

warrant was executed on a residence located at 137 Soren Lane, Houston,

Texas by a team of federal and state police officers. (RR 3/15). The

residence is a small two-bedroom, wood-framed house where the Alvarado

family lived for many years. (RR 3/16-18 and 5/State Exh. 1, 2 & 3). One

of the officers considered the home to be located in one of the highest

crime areas in Houston. (RR 3/27-28). In this regard, petitioner’s brother,

Alfred, testified that when he was small the home was “shot up” by

strangers in a drive-by shooting incident. (RR 3/87). And, petitioner’s

mother testified that two and a half years earlier a car drove by and threw

rocks thru the window of the bedroom where the pistol in question was

located. (RR 4/19). This is the same window where the police found a

surveillance camera pointed at the street. (RR 3/87 and 5/State Exh. 12).

      The purpose of the search warrant was not directly told to the jury

(although it was strongly insinuated), but in a pretrial hearing it was shown

that the purpose was to look for child pornography believed to be in the

                                     11
home. (RR 3/6). When the warrant was being served the officers did not

know who in particular might be in possession of the child pornography

suspected of being in the home, but Officer Krugh testified that “[a]s it

turned out, the target of my investigation was Alfred Alvarado”, petitioner’s

brother. (RR 3/20).

      When the officers arrived at the home, appellant, his brother, Alfred,

his mother and a “young female” were inside. (RR 3/19). Petitioner’s

other brother, Rudy, was not present but his car was parked in the front

yard. (RR 3/28-29). A search of the vehicle revealed a “fairly good amount

of drugs.” (RR 3/28). Rudy was later arrested and sent to prison for the

drugs in his car. Id. A series of questions and answers through Officer

Ackley’s testimony showed Rudy’s history of criminal involvement. (RR

3/28-30).

      A pistol was found on the upper shelf of the closet inside one of the

bedrooms where petitioner was sleeping when the officers arrived. (RR

3/22-23 & 60). Officer Nieto testified that petitioner said the room was

his. (RR 3/46, 60, 62). Also, located in the room were a wallet that

contained petitioner’s (1) Texas identification card issued on August 3,

2012 and expiring on September 21, 2012 with the 137 Soren Lane address,

(2) Texas identification card issued on September 18, 2012 and expiring on

September 21, 2013 with the 137 Soren Lane address, and (3) Texas

offender card with no address listed. (RR 3/47 and 5/State Exh. 6-10).

                                     12
However, petitioner’s brother, Alfred, clarified through his testimony that

he had purchased the pistol for self-protection and placed it in the closet,

and that the bedroom was his until May 0f 2013. (RR 3/87-91).

      The   state   offered   into   evidence   various   photographs     that

misleadingly suggest the physical state of the bedroom and the exact

location and visibility of the pistol at the moment the officers entered the

home. (RR 5/State Exh. 5-25). However, it is clear from the officers’

testimony that the photographs of the bedroom and pistol were taken after

the officers had searched the bedroom and closet and therefore do not

accurately show how the items were originally discovered. (RR 3/45, 65,

68 and 5/State Exh. 5-25). Moreover, petitioner’s mother testified that the

photographs do not show how the bedroom and closet were kept before the

officers entered. (RR 4/16-17). In this regard, Officer Nieto explained that

State’s Exhibit 17 is a picture of where in the bedroom closet in which the

pistol was located, except that the photograph was taken after the officers

had searched the room and moved the items. (RR 3/51).

      Two officers testified as to the location and accessibility of the pistol

inside the bedroom (RR 3/26-27; 32-34; 51; 60; 73-74).

      Throughout the trial a series of irrelevant and prejudicial evidence,

which was introduced into evidence without objection from defense

counsel, permeated the trial establishing petitioner to be a bad person in

general even though the veracity of this information was not subjected to

                                     13
scrutiny. Specifically, the state introduced without objection police and

prison records indicating that the teenaged female, with whom petitioner

had been convicted of having sexual contact with his hand, had been

forcefully raped and sodomized by petitioner after he entered her bedroom

window at night, that he ejaculated in her mouth without her consent, that

he verbally and physically abused her, including telling her that he had

AIDS and other nefarious diseases that she may have contracted, and that

he had threatened to hurt her and her father. (RR 5/State Exh. 4). This

hearsay evidence was not objected to by defense counsel and is not what

appellant was actually found guilty of in the underlying felony conviction—

in fact, appellant was not even charged with forcible rape. The indictment

in the underlying case was introduced into evidence which alleges two

counts, the count for which he was found guilty (placing his finger inside

the vagina), and the count that was dismissed (placing his penis inside the

vagina). (RR 5/State Exh. 4). Evidence that petitioner had committed the

offense of escape was admitted. (RR 5/State Exh. 4 & 27).

      Also, introduced into evidence—again, without objection—were

various notations by prison officials noting that petitioner had misbehaved

while in prison by “mast[urbating] in public and refus[ing] to stop when

ordered to do so”, and, that he is a registered sex offender. (RR 5/State

Exh. 4). Additional prison-record notations were admitted showing that

petitioner had been arrested seven times, had been arrested for running

                                    14
from court after being sentenced to jail time, had been convicted of escape,

had been convicted of evading arrest, that he had served 30 days in jail as a

minor in possession of cigarettes, and that he has used marijuana, Codeine,

Ecstasy, Cocaine, Xanax, embalming fluid, and is an excessive drinker.

(RR 5/State Exh. 9).

      The jury found petitioner guilty, and the trial court assessed his

sentence at five years in prison and $335.00 in court costs. Petitioner

appealed arguing there was legally insufficient evidence that he had

possessed the weapon and that he was denied effective assistance of

counsel by his trial lawyer’s failure to object to the extraneous bad acts

evidence. The court of appeals concluded there was sufficient evidence of

possession and that the record is not sufficient to review the ineffective

assistance complaint on direct appeal because “[it] is possible that trial

counsel strategically choose not to object to the complained-of portions to

avoid drawing the jury’s attention to the information.” Op. at 16. On

rehearing petitioner pointed out that, the relevant procedural rules state:

Rule 103(b)     Not Needing to Renew an Objection. When the court
                hears a party’s objection outside the presence of the jury
                and rules that evidence is admissible, a party need not
                renew an objection to preserve a claim of error for appeal.
                TEX. R. EVID. 103(b).

Rule 103(d)     Preventing the Jury from Hearing Inadmissible
                Evidence. To the extent practicable, the court must
                conduct a jury trial so that inadmissible evidence is not
                suggested to the jury by any means. TEX. R. EVID. 103(d).

                                     15
Rule 104(a)      In General. The court must decide any preliminary
                 question about whether … evidence is admissible. TEX. R.
                 EVID. 104(a).

Rule 104(c)      Conducting a Hearing So That the Jury Cannot
                 Hear It. The court must conduct any hearing on a
                 preliminary question so that the jury cannot hear it if: … (3)
                 justice so requires. TEX. R. EVID. 104(c)(3).

      In other words, there was no need for trial counsel to wait for the

prosecutor to offer the evidence in front of the jury to object. He could

have and should have filed a motion objecting to the evidence and obtained

a ruling outside of the hearing of the jury. Under Rule of Evidence 103,

such a ruling preserves error and if the trial judge had overruled the

objection, then trial counsel could still have sat back without saying

anything in front of the jury. In short, there is no conceivable trial strategy

that trial counsel could possibly come up with if the issue of ineffective

assistance of counsel were raised in a motion for new trial or on habeas.

Because of that the court of appeals should have addressed the merits of

whether trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to inadmissible

extraneous offense evidence. The court of appeal’s resolution of this issue

based on conclusion that trial counsel may have had a trial strategy is not

supported by the record because no reasonably competent lawyer would

formulate a trial strategy of not objecting to the extraneous offense

evidence present in this case when he or she could have preserved the error

outside the hearing of the jury thereby eliminating the need to object in

front of the jury.
                                      16
       A basic tenet of criminal law is that evidence of a defendant’s bad

character is not admissible to show that he acted in conformity therewith. 1

Even if bad-acts evidence is relevant to a non-character conformity issue, it

is still inadmissible if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the

danger of unfair prejudice to the defendant. 2

       In the trial of petitioner’s case, a litany of information showing that

he was a bad person generally came into evidence, without objection, for

no purpose other than to prove character conformity. Failure to object to

this evidence was such an obvious professional blunder that there can be

no reasonable trial strategy to justify the omission, and therefore, the

ineffective assistance claim can be raised on direct appeal instead of by

   1   TEX. R. EVID. 404(b); Johnston v. State, 145 S.W.3d 215, 219 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2004) (bad character evidence is inherently prejudicial, tends
to confuse the issues, and forces defendant to defend himself against
charges he has not been notified would be brought against him); Robbins
v. State, 88 S.W.3d 256, 259 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (“Relevant evidence of
a person’s bad character is generally not admissible for the purpose of
showing that he acted in conformity therewith.”); Webb, 36 S.W.3d at 181
(“[P]roof of the sexual assault against Porter served no probative function
other than to show appellant as a person who commits sexual assaults in
general, and therefore, was more likely to have committed the sexual
assault against Baird, an inference rule 404(b) strictly forbids.”); Rankin v.
State, 974 S.W.2d 707, 718 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996); Abnor v. State, 871
S.W.2d 726, 738 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994); Montgomery v. State, 810 S.W.2d
372, 390 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991) (trial court has no discretion to admit over
proper objection extraneous offense evidence that is relevant only to
character conformity).
   2   TEX. R. EVID. 403; Johnston v. State, 145 S.W.3d at 220; Robbins, 88
S.W.3d at 262-263; Mitchell v. State, 931 S.W.2d 950, 952 (Tex. Crim. App.
1996).

                                      17
habeas review. 3 Moreover, the cases are legion which hold that a lawyer is

ineffective in failing to object to inadmissible character conformity, bad-

acts evidence, like the evidence in this case, and therefore, review by direct

appeal is the efficient and procedurally correct avenue for review. 4

   3   Mata v. State, 226 S.W.3d 425, 428-29 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007)
(ineffective assistance claim proper on direct appeal when defense
counsel’s conduct is of a type that no reasonably competent lawyer would
have engaged in for any reason); Goodspeed v. State, 187 S.W.3d 390, 396
(Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (Holcomb, J., dissenting) (same); Andrews, 159
S.W.3d at 100 (same); Ex parte Menchaca, 854 S.W.2d 128, 131-33 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1993) (same); Vasquez v. State, 830 S.W.2d 948, 951 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1992) (same); see also Miles v. State, 644 S.W.2d at 23, 25-26
(Tex. App.—El Paso 1982, no pet.) (abatement of direct appeal regarding
claim of ineffective assistance for trial court to conduct hearing to further
develop record regarding counsel’s alleged deficiencies where strong
indications counsel was deficient).
   4   See, e.g., Roberts v. State, 187 S.W.3d 475, 486 (Tex. Crim. App.
2006) (“We decide that appellant’s trial lawyer performed deficiently
under the first prong of Strickland for eliciting testimony from appellant at
the guilt phase of his trial that appellant was already incarcerated on two
convictions that were pending on appeal.”); Ex parte Menchaca, 854
S.W.2d at 131-33 (counsel ineffective for allowing prior drug conviction to
be heard by jury during guilt-innocence phase of rape trial); Cude v. State,
588 S.W.2d 895, 897-98 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979) (counsel ineffective by
failing to object to extraneous offenses of defendant and his relatives
during guilt-innocence phase of aggravated robbery trial); Stone v. State,
17 S.W.3d 348, 353 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2000, pet. ref’d) (“We hold
that under the facts of this case, counsel’s decision to elicit testimony
regarding the prior murder conviction cannot be considered part of a
reasonable trial strategy. We believe that where, as here, the record
affirmatively demonstrates that counsel took some action in defending his
client that no reasonably competent attorney could have believed
constituted sound trial strategy, the defendant has shown he received
ineffective assistance of counsel.”); Perrero v. State, 990 S.W.2d 896, 899
(Tex. App.—El Paso 1999, pet. ref’d) (counsel ineffective by not preparing
defendant well enough to testy so he would not open door to admission of
his prior record in assault and resisting arrest case); Anaya v. State, 988
S.W.2d 823, 826 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 1999, no pet.) (counsel ineffective
                                      18
      The Strickland v. Washington standard of review is applied to

ineffective assistance claims. 466 U.S. 668, 688 (1984); Hernandez v.

by asking defendant, “Have you been in trouble for anything else?” and
thus opened door regarding extraneous offenses); Brown v. State, 974
S.W.2d 289, 293 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998, pet. ref’d) (counsel
ineffective by allowing drug use and promiscuity to be heard by jury during
guilt-innocence of murder trial); Thomas v. State, 923 S.W.2d 611, 613-14
(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1995, no pet.) (“Counsel for appellant had a
duty to object to harmful, inadmissible evidence, and when she neglected
that duty, appellant suffered. Although appellant applied for and proved
his eligibility for probation, the trial judge assessed his punishment at 16
years of confinement. Counsel’s failure to object to inadmissible evidence
offenses allowed the trial court to consider allegations that appellant had
threatened police officers, had stalked police officers and the prosecutor,
and had solicited the murder of police officers. Clearly, the overwhelming
prejudicial effect of these allegations outweighed any potential benefit of
cross-examination.”); Glivens v. State, 918 S.W.2d 30, 33-34 (Tex. App.—
Houston [1st Dist.] 1996, pet. ref’d) (counsel ineffective at punishment
phase where trial court assessed punishment after jury determined guilt
even though evidence was offered during guilt phase of trial, because no
indication trial court did not consider evidence in sentencing); Ramirez v.
State, 873 S.W.2d 757, 763 (Tex. App.—El Paso 1994, pet. ref’d) (counsel
ineffective by allowing prior murder conviction during a jury trial into
evidence during guilt-innocence phase of murder trial); Montez v. State,
824 S.W.2d 308, 310 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1992, no pet.) (“Although
the State did not try to inject extraneous offenses, Mr. Montez’s own lawyer
actually and affirmatively elicited, on cross-examination of the State’s
witnesses, numerous highly prejudicial extraneous acts which otherwise
would have been inadmissible.”); Boyington v. State, 738 S.W.2d 704, 708
(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1985, no pet.) (“Although the [extraneous
bad acts] evidence complained of was properly admitted during another
phase of the trial, it was admitted only because counsel for appellant
without any plausible reason, presented character witnesses, thus allowing
the inadmissible deeds to become admissible.”); Miles, 644 S.W.2d at 25
(counsel opened door for admission of defendant’s arrest record); Spriggs
v. Collins, 993 F.2d 85, 89-90 (5th Cir. 1993) (counsel ineffective for not
objecting to unadjudicated extraneous offenses in PSI report); Lyons v.
McCotter, 770 F.2d 529, 531 (5th Cir. 1985) (counsel ineffective for allowing
prior convictions of burglary and drugs to be heard by jury in guilt-
innocence phase of aggravated robbery trial).

                                     19
State, 726 S.W.2d 53, 57 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986) (adopting the Strickland

test for Texas criminal cases). The standard of review is a two-prong test,

stated as follows:

              First, the defendant must show that counsel’s
              performance was deficient. This requires showing
              that counsel made errors so serious that counsel
              was not functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaranteed
              the defendant by the Sixth Amendment. Second,
              the defendant must show that the deficient
              performance prejudiced the defense.              This
              requires showing that counsel’s errors were so
              serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a
              trial whose result is reliable. Strickland, 466 U.S.
              at 688.

Failure to establish one prong of the test negates a court’s need to consider

the other. Id. at 697. Trial counsel is presumed to have rendered adequate

assistance and made all significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable

professional judgment. Id. at 689 & 690. The burden is on the defendant

to overcome the presumption that, under the circumstances, the

challenged action might be sound trial strategy. Id. at 689. Because of

this,   the   record   must    affirmatively    demonstrate     the    claim   of

ineffectiveness. Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 812-13 (Tex. Crim. App.

1999). Counsel’s errors are judged by the totality of the representation.

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 695-96.

        When counsel is deficient in allowing inadmissible evidence into

evidence the following factors are relevant to determine if the defendant

was prejudiced by the deficiency: (1) the weight, nature, and focus of the

                                       20
evidence presented to the jury; (2) the nature of the prosecutor’s closing

argument; and (3) the relative role the disputed conviction played in the

outcome of the trial. Ex parte Menchaca, 854 S.W.2d 128, 133 (Tex. Crim.

App. 1993) (citing Crockett v. McCotter, 796 F.2d 787, 793-94 (5th Cir.

1986)). Moreover, when the basis of an ineffective assistance claim is that

counsel failed to object to inadmissible evidence, the defendant must show

that the trial court would have committed error in overruling the objection.

Vaughn v. State, 931 S.W.2d 564, 566 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996); Gosch v.

State, 829 S.W.2d 775, 784 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991).

      The state offered into evidence the prison records of petitioner

containing the laundry list of bad-acts that appellant had, according to the

records, engaged in over time. The records had no relevance to any issues

to be decided by the jury other than to show that because petitioner was a

bad person in the past he must, logically, have been a bad person on this

occasion and therefore been a felon in possession of the pistol. Although

this is a classic example of evidence that should not be admitted into

evidence, petitioner’s trial counsel did not object.

      What aggravated the circumstances even more is that the improperly

admitted evidence makes it appear that petitioner was a violent rapist

when that is by no means the case. Petitioner pleaded guilty to a sexual

offense that, on its face, was not a violent sexual assault. According to the

guilty plea and the surrounding undisputed evidence, petitioner was

                                      21
eighteen and the victim was a teenager between fourteen and seventeen.

There is a wide range of factual possibilities that are not contained in the

appellate record as to what exactly happened and as to what exactly were

the circumstances, yet those factual contours were never litigated. Yet trial

counsel allowed this damning evidence into evidence without objection

even though it indicates that what in fact happened was the worst—violent

rape. Pile on top of that the evidence of the multiple arrests, escape,

masturbating in front of prison officials and use of all told forms of illegal

narcotics imaginable—all of which is totally and clearly inadmissible with

no objection forthcoming—and the prejudicial effect is obvious.

      There is no amount of intellectualizing that could result in any

legitimate trial strategy to justify not objecting to this evidence. Therefore,

this ineffective assistance of counsel claim was properly raised on direct

appeal, and the court of appeals should have addressed the merits of the

argument.

                                PRAYER
      Petitioner prays that this petition be granted, that briefing on

the merits be ordered, and that this case be reversed and remanded to

the court of appeals to address the merits of his ineffective assistance

of counsel argument.

                                      22
                                 Respectfully submitted,

                                 /s/Timothy A. Hootman_____
                                 Timothy A. Hootman
                                 SBN 09965450
                                 2402 Pease St
                                 Houston, TX 77003
                                 713.247.9548
                                 713.583.9523 (f)
                                 E-mail: thootman2000@yahoo.com
                                 ATTORNEY FOR PETITIONER

         CERTIFICATE OF WORD COUNT
     I hereby certify that, in accordance with Rule 9.4 of the Texas

Rules of Appellate Procedure, that the number of words contained in

this document are 3,769 according to the computer program used to

prepare this document.

Dated: September 30, 2015.
                                 /s/Timothy A. Hootman_____
                                 Timothy A. Hootman

                                23
              CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
     I hereby certify that, in accordance with Rule 9.5 of the Texas

Rules of Appellate Procedure, I have served the forgoing document

upon the following attorneys by electronic service:

     Neil Krugh
     Sarah Bruchmiller
     Harris County District Attorney’s Office
     1201 Franklin
     Houston, TX 77002
     John R. Messinger
     P.O. Box 13046
     Austin, TX 78711

     Dated: September 30, 2015.
                                   /s/Timothy A. Hootman_____
                                   TIMOTHY A. HOOTMAN

                                  24
Opinion issued July 16, 2015

                                     In The

                               Court of Appeals
                                    For The

                         First District of Texas
                            ————————————
                               NO. 01-14-00857-CR
                           ———————————
                   JESSE DIMAS ALVARADO, Appellant
                                       V.
                      THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                   On Appeal from the 185th District Court
                           Harris County, Texas
                       Trial Court Case No. 1410607

                         MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Appellant, Jesse Dimas Alvarado, was found guilty by a jury of the offense

of unlawful possession of a firearm by a felon.1        The trial court assessed

Appellant’s punishment at five years in prison. In two issues on appeal, Appellant

1
      See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 46.04(a)(1) (Vernon 2011).
asserts that the evidence was insufficient to support the judgment of conviction and

that he received ineffective assistance of counsel at trial.

      We affirm.

                                     Background

      Appellant was convicted of the offense of sexual assault of a child on

August 12, 2003. He was sentenced to eight years in prison. Appellant was

released from prison on July 1, 2011.

      On December 5, 2013, several law enforcement agencies, working together,

executed a search warrant on Appellant’s family home as part of a child

pornography investigation.2      The target of the investigation was Appellant’s

brother, Alfred. Appellant, Alfred, and their mother were at home when the

warrant was executed. Appellant was asleep in a bedroom.

      During the search of the home, Houston Police Officer D. Nieto found a

firearm, a 9 millimeter pistol, on the shelf of the closet in the bedroom where

Appellant had been sleeping. The gun was in a nylon holster with the butt of the

gun facing outward. Men’s clothing was hanging in the closet. When the officer

asked whose bedroom it was, Appellant responded that it was his room.

Appellant’s wallet containing his driver’s license and his Texas Department of

Criminal Justice offender card was found in the bedroom. Drug paraphernalia—

2
      The jury in this case was not informed of the purpose of the search warrant.
                                           2
including various scales and different size plastic baggies of the type used to

package narcotics—was also recovered from the bedroom.

          The police searched a car belonging to Appellant’s other brother, Rudy.

Inside the car, they found a large quantity of illegal drugs. Rudy was not at the

scene, but he was later arrested and convicted for illegal drug possession.

          Appellant was arrested and later charged with the offense of unlawful

possession of a firearm by a felon. At trial, Officer Nieto testified that he was the

police officer who found the pistol on a shelf of the bedroom closet. He testified

that the pistol was not hidden or obstructed by anything on the shelf. He stated

anyone who entered the closet and looked up would have seen the butt of the

pistol.

          R. Ackley, an investigator with the Harris County Sherriff’s Office, also

participated in the search of the home. Investigator Ackley testified that he saw the

pistol on the shelf of the bedroom closet. He stated that the shelf was at eye level,

about five feet high. He testified that the pistol was clearly visible on the shelf. He

stated that the pistol was in a holster, with the handle of the gun facing out and the

barrel of the gun pointing into the closet. He testified that the pistol was stuffed

between two shopping bags but the handle was sticking out far enough that he

could tell that it was a gun.

                                          3
      Photographs of the closet and of the shelf with the pistol were also admitted

into evidence. In the photographs, the pistol was laying on the shelf with nothing

around it. On cross-examination, Officer Nieto acknowledged that pistol had been

taken off the shelf and cleared of ammunition, replaced on the shelf and then

photographed. He did not agree that, when he initially found the pistol, it had been

stuffed between two shopping bags as Investigator Ackley had testified.

      Appellant’s brother, Alfred, and Appellant’s mother testified for the defense.

Alfred stated that he had purchased the pistol about six months before the search

for home protection. Alfred explained that the bedroom where the pistol was

found had previously been his bedroom. Appellant moved into the bedroom where

the pistol was found approximately six months before the search, and Alfred had

moved to another bedroom.

      Appellant’s mother, Juanita, testified that the items on the shelf where the

pistol was found belonged to her; however, the clothes hanging in the closet

belonged to Appellant. Juanita stated that she did not know that the pistol was in

the closet.

      In closing argument, the defense asserted that the State’s photographs,

showing the pistol laying in plain view on the shelf did not accurately reflect where

the pistol had been in the closet when it was found by Officer Nieto. The defense

pointed to the testimony of Investigator Ackley indicating that the pistol had been

                                         4
stuffed between two shopping bags. The defense relied on Alfred’s testimony

indicating that he had purchased the pistol and placed it in the closet.

      In its closing argument, the State pointed out that both Officer Nieto and

Investigator Ackley testified that the pistol was in plain view in the closet. The

State also pointed out that, under the law, the jury did not need to find that

Appellant owned the pistol in order to find that he possessed it.

      The jury found Appellant guilty of the offense of unlawful possession of a

firearm by a felon. Appellant elected to have the trial court assess punishment. At

the punishment hearing, the State reoffered the evidence from the guilt-innocence

phase, which was admitted for punishment purposes. The defense requested that

Appellant receive the minimum prison sentence of two years, and the State

requested that the trial court assess a six-year sentence. At the conclusion of the

hearing, the court sentenced Appellant to five years in prison. Appellant did not

file a motion for new trial.

      Appellant now appeals, raising two issues.

                               Sufficiency of the Evidence

      In his first issue, Appellant asserts that the evidence was insufficient to

support his conviction for the offense of unlawful possession of a firearm by a

felon. Specifically, Appellant claims that “the evidence does not affirmatively link

the pistol in question to appellant.”

                                            5
A.    Standard of Review

      We review the sufficiency of the evidence establishing the elements of a

criminal offense for which the State has the burden of proof under the single

sufficiency standard set out in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct.
2781, 2789 (1979). See Matlock v. State, 392 S.W.3d 662, 673 (Tex. Crim. App.

2013); Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). Pursuant to

the Jackson standard, evidence is insufficient to support a conviction if,

considering all the record evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, no

rational fact finder could have found that each essential element of the charged

offense was proven beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319, 99

S. Ct. at 2789; In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 361, 90 S. Ct. 1068, 1071 (1970);

Laster v. State, 275 S.W.3d 512, 517 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009); Williams v. State,

235 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). We can hold evidence to be

insufficient under the Jackson standard in two circumstances: (1) the record

contains no evidence, or merely a “modicum” of evidence, probative of an element

of the offense, or (2) the evidence conclusively establishes a reasonable doubt. See

Jackson, 443 U.S. at 314, 318 & n.11, 320, 99 S. Ct. at 2786, 2789 & n.11; see

also Laster, 275 S.W.3d at 518; Williams, 235 S.W.3d at 750.

      The sufficiency-of-the-evidence standard gives full play to the responsibility

of the fact finder to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and

                                         6
to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts. See Jackson, 443
U.S. at 319, 99 S. Ct. at 2789; Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2007). An appellate court presumes that the fact finder resolved any conflicts

in the evidence in favor of the verdict and defers to that resolution, provided that

the resolution is rational. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326, 99 S. Ct. at 2793.

      In our review of the record, direct and circumstantial evidence are treated

equally; circumstantial evidence is as probative as direct evidence in establishing

the guilt of an actor, and circumstantial evidence alone can be sufficient to

establish guilt. Clayton, 235 S.W.3d at 778. Finally, “[e]ach fact need not point

directly and independently to the guilt of the appellant, as long as the cumulative

force of all the incriminating circumstances is sufficient to support the conviction.”

Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).

B.    Elements of the Offense and Pertinent Legal Principles

      To establish the offense of unlawful possession of a firearm by a felon, the

State must show that the defendant was previously convicted of a felony offense

and possessed a firearm after the conviction and before the fifth anniversary of the

person’s release from confinement. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 46.04(a)(1) (Vernon

2011). Appellant does not dispute that he had a prior felony conviction or that it

has been less than five years since his release from prison; rather, he challenges

only the sufficiency of the evidence to prove that he possessed a firearm.

                                          7
      The Penal Code defines possession as “actual care, custody, control, or

management.”     Id. § 1.07(a)(39) (Vernon Supp. 2014).        A person commits a

possession offense only if he voluntarily possesses the prohibited item.          Id.

§ 6.01(a) (Vernon 2011).     Possession is voluntary if the possessor knowingly

obtains or receives the thing possessed or is aware of his control of the thing for a

sufficient time to permit him to terminate his control. Id. § 6.01(b).

      We analyze cases involving possession of a firearm by a felon under the

sufficiency-of-the-evidence rules adopted for cases involving possession of a

controlled substance. See Corpus v. State, 30 S.W.3d 35, 37 (Tex. App.—Houston

[14th Dist.] 2000, pet. ref’d). In such cases, the State is required to prove that a

defendant knew of the firearm’s existence and that he exercised actual care,

custody, control, or management over it. See id. at 38; see also TEX. PENAL CODE

ANN. § 1.07(a)(39). If the firearm is not found on the defendant’s person or is not

seen in the defendant’s exclusive care, custody, control, or management, the State

must offer additional, independent facts and circumstances that link the defendant

to the firearm. See Poindexter v. State, 153 S.W.3d 402, 406 (Tex. Crim. App.

2005).

      Possession need not be exclusive. Wiley v. State, 388 S.W.3d 807, 813 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. ref’d) (citing McGoldrick v. State, 682
S.W.2d 573, 578 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985)). When the accused is not in exclusive

                                          8
possession of the place where the firearm is found, then additional, independent

facts and circumstances must affirmatively link the defendant to the firearm in

such a way that it can reasonably be concluded that the defendant had knowledge

of the contraband and exercised control over it. See Kibble v. State, 340 S.W.3d
14, 18 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. ref’d); Roberts v. State, 321
S.W.3d 545, 549 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, pet. ref’d).               The

evidence, whether direct or circumstantial, must establish, to the requisite level of

confidence, that the accused’s connection with the firearm was more than just

fortuitous. See Poindexter, 153 S.W.3d at 405–06 (quoting Brown v. State, 911
S.W.2d 744, 747 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995)).

      A nonexclusive list of factors that may establish a link between a defendant

and a firearm found inside a house, which was not in the defendant’s exclusive

control, includes whether (1) the defendant was present at the time of the search;

(2) the defendant was the owner of or had the right to control the location where

the firearm was found; (3) the firearm was in plain view; (4) the defendant was in

close proximity to and had access to the firearm; (5) firearms or other contraband

was found on the defendant; (6) the defendant attempted to flee; (7) conduct by the

defendant indicated a consciousness of guilt, including extreme nervousness or

furtive gestures; (8) the defendant had a special connection or relationship to the

firearm; (9) the place where the firearm was found was enclosed; and (10)

                                         9
affirmative statements connected the defendant to the firearm, including

incriminating statements made by the defendant when arrested. Jones v. State, 338
S.W.3d 725, 742 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011), aff’d, 364 S.W.3d 854

(Tex. Crim. App. 2012).

      When deciding whether the evidence is sufficient to link a defendant to a

firearm, the fact finder is the exclusive judge of the credibility of the witnesses and

of the weight to be given to their testimony. See Poindexter, 153 S.W.3d at 406.

The jury is allowed to infer the defendant’s knowledge from his acts, conduct,

remarks, and from the surrounding circumstances.          See Krause v. State, 243
S.W.3d 95, 111 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. ref’d).

      No formula of facts exists to dictate a finding of links sufficient to support

an inference of knowing possession. See Taylor v. State, 106 S.W.3d 827, 831

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, no pet.).        The link between the defendant and the

firearm need not be so strong that it excludes every other outstanding reasonable

hypothesis except the defendant’s guilt. See Brown v. State, 911 S.W.2d 744, 747

(Tex. Crim. App. 1995). In sum, it is the logical force of the evidence, and not the

number of links, that supports a fact finder’s verdict. Evans v. State, 202 S.W.3d
158, 166 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).

                                          10
C.    Analysis

      To support his challenge that insufficient evidence was presented to link him

to the recovered handgun, Appellant points to evidence that it was his brother,

Alfred, who had purchased the pistol for home protection, and it was Alfred who

had placed the pistol in the closet when it had been Alfred’s bedroom. Appellant

also points out that a number of people lived in the house. However, the State was

not required to show that Appellant owned the pistol or that he exercised sole

control over it. See Smith v. State, 176 S.W.3d 907, 916 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005,

pet. ref’d) (holding State is not required to prove defendant had exclusive

possession of firearm).

      Appellant also asserts that the pistol was not in plain view. He claims that

he would only have seen it if he opened the closet door and looked at the pistol.

He points out that Investigator Ackley testified that the pistol was stuffed between

two bags on the shelf. Appellant further avers that the State presented no evidence

regarding a number of the link factors. He asserts he made no incriminating

statements or furtive gestures; he also did not attempt to flee.

      Generally, Appellant correctly cites the record. However, the absence of

various affirmative links does not constitute evidence of innocence to be weighed

against the affirmative links that are present. James v. State, 264 S.W.3d 215, 219

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, pet. ref’d). Appellant’s analysis does not

                                          11
appropriately view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and

improperly discounts evidence linking him to the pistol recovered from the closet.

A factor that is of little or no value in one case may be the turning point in another.

See Nhem v. State, 129 S.W.3d 696, 699 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, no

pet.).

         The State offered evidence linking Appellant to the firearm. Appellant was

asleep in the bedroom where the closet was located when the search began.

Appellant told the police that it was his bedroom. His wallet, driver’s license, and

offender’s registration card were found in the bedroom. Alfred testified that it had

been Appellant’s bedroom for six months.          Alfred also testified that he had

purchased the pistol about six months before the search.

         The evidence further showed that it was Appellant’s clothes hanging in the

closet. Officer Nieto and Investigator Ackley testified that the pistol was in plain

view on the shelf. Although he stated that the pistol was stuffed between two bags,

Investigator Ackley testified that the pistol was visible, and it was identifiable as a

gun. Investigator Ackley also testified that the shelf was eye level, being about

five feet from the floor.

         The circumstantial evidence outlined above, when viewed in combination,

constitutes sufficient evidence connecting Appellant to the firearm, not merely

fortuitous proximity. See Poindexter, 153 S.W.3d at 405–06. Although Appellant

                                          12
cites link factors on which the State presented no evidence, as well as evidence that

weighs in his favor, “[i]t is the logical force of the circumstantial evidence, not the

number of links, that supports a jury’s verdict.” See Evans, 202 S.W.3d at 166.

      Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude

that a rational fact finder could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that

Appellant possessed the firearm; that is, that he knew of the pistol’s existence and

exercised care, custody, control, or management over it.3 See Jackson, 443 U.S. at

3
      As part of his sufficiency challenge, Appellant asserts that, even if the evidence
      was sufficient to link him to the firearm, he should nonetheless be acquitted
      because, under the narrow circumstances of this case, he had a state and a federal
      constitutional right to bear arms. See U.S. CONST. amend. II (“A well regulated
      Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to
      keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”); TEX. CONST. art. I, § 23 (“Every
      citizen shall have the right to keep and bear arms in the lawful defence of himself
      or the State; but the Legislature shall have power, by law, to regulate the wearing
      of arms, with a view to prevent crime.”). Appellant points out that the evidence
      showed that his home was in a high crime area, and it had been the target of
      criminal activity in the past. Appellant claims that, under these circumstances, he
      had a constitutional right to possess a firearm to defend his home, despite his
      status as a felon. Appellant asserts that to hold the evidence sufficient to support
      his conviction would violate his state and federal rights to bear arms. Although
      woven into his sufficiency-of-the evidence challenge, Appellant’s complaint is an
      as-applied constitutional challenge to Penal Code section 46.04. See Adams v.
      State, 222 S.W.3d 37, 53 (Tex. App.—Austin 2005, pet. ref’d) (“Under an ‘as
      applied’ challenge, the challenging party contends that the statute, although
      generally constitutional, operates unconstitutionally as to him or her because of the
      challenging party’s particular circumstances . . . .”). Appellant did not raise his
      constitutionality challenges in the trial court. Thus, it has not been preserved for
      review in this Court. See Flores v. State, 245 S.W.3d 432, 437 n. 14 (Tex. Crim.
      App. 2008) (noting the “well-established requirement that appellant must preserve
      an ‘as applied’ constitutional challenge by raising it at trial”); see also Karenev v.
      State, 281 S.W.3d 428, 434 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009) (holding that facial challenge
      to constitutionality of statute is forfeitable right that is waived if defendant fails to
      raise it in trial court).
                                             13
319, 99 S. Ct. at 2789; Jones, 338 S.W.3d at 743. We hold that the evidence is

sufficient to support the judgment of conviction for the offense of unlawful

possession of a firearm by a felon.

       We overrule Appellant’s first issue.

                            Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

       In his second issue, Appellant asserts that he received ineffective assistance

of counsel at trial.

A.     Applicable Legal Principles

       To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, an appellant must

show the following: (1) counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of

reasonableness and (2) a reasonable probability exists that, but for counsel’s errors,

the result would have been different. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,

687–88, 694, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064, 2068 (1984); Andrews v. State, 159 S.W.3d
98, 101 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). The first Strickland prong requires an appellant

to overcome the strong presumption that counsel’s performance falls within a wide

range of reasonable professional assistance. See Andrews, 159 S.W.3d at 101. The

second Strickland prong requires an appellant to show that there is a reasonable

probability that, but for counsel’s errors, the result of the proceeding would have

been different.        See id. at 102.   A “reasonable probability” is a probability

sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome. See id.

                                            14
      An appellant has the burden to establish both prongs by a preponderance of

the evidence. See Jackson v. State, 973 S.W.2d 954, 956 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998).

A failure to show either (1) deficient performance or (2) sufficient prejudice

defeats the ineffectiveness claim. See Williams v. State, 301 S.W.3d 675, 687

(Tex. Crim. App. 2009); Carballo v. State, 303 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, pet. ref’d).

B.    Analysis

      Appellant asserts that defense counsel’s performance at trial was deficient

because counsel did not object to police and prison records contained in State’s

Exhibit 4, business records from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, and in

State’s Exhibits 27 and 27A, Appellant’s pen packets. The State offered these

documents into evidence to prove Appellant’s prior felony conviction for sexual

assault and to show Appellant’s release date from prison, both relevant to proving

elements of the instant offense of unlawful possession of a firearm by a felon.

Appellant complains that counsel should have objected to the portions of these

exhibits revealing the following: (1) disturbing allegations related to the sexual-

assault count for which Appellant was convicted; (2) details of a second count of

sexual-assault that was abandoned by the State; (3) misconduct by Appellant while

he was in prison; (4) the fact that Appellant is a registered sex offender; (5)

                                         15
notations indicating that Appellant had been arrested seven times for other offenses

and had used illegal drugs.

      Normally, counsel is afforded an opportunity to explain his actions before

being condemned as unprofessional or incompetent, such as with a hearing on a

motion for new trial or with the filing of an affidavit. See Bone v. State, 77 S.W.3d
828, 836 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002); Anderson v. State, 193 S.W.3d 34, 39 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, pet. ref’d). Here, Appellant did not file a motion

for new trial, and the record is otherwise devoid of any explanation regarding

counsel’s reasons or strategy for not objecting to the complained-of exhibits.

Appellant asserts that there could be “no imaginable trial strategy” to justify the

lack of objection. We disagree.

      The allegedly objectionable information was not contained in testimony

heard by the jury; rather, it was contained in documentary evidence, part of which

was admissible to prove elements of the instant offense. It is possible that trial

counsel strategically choose not to object to the complained-of portions to avoid

drawing the jury’s attention to the information. See Bollinger v. State, 224 S.W.3d
768, 781 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2007, pet. ref’d) (observing that counsel may

choose not to object to evidence because “an objection might draw unwanted

attention to a particular issue”); Cooper v. State, 788 S.W.2d 612, 618 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1990, pet. ref’d) (overruling ineffective-assistance issue

                                         16
when objection to allegedly inadmissible testimony would have likely focused

jury’s attention on fact that was unfavorable to defendant).

      In any event, the record is silent regarding trial counsel’s strategy and his

reasons for not objecting to this evidence. Appellant has failed to overcome the

presumption that trial counsel’s actions were sound trial strategy. See Thompson v.

State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 814 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999); see also Warren v. State, 377
S.W.3d 9, 20 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, pet. ref’d) (stating appellate

court, in absence of evidence of evidence of counsel’s reasons, will assume

strategic motivation for counsel’s failure to object). We conclude Appellant has

not shown counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of

reasonableness. See State v. Morales, 253 S.W.3d 686, 696–97 (Tex. Crim. App.

2008); Bone, 11 S.W.3d at 834.

      Moreover, Appellant has not established the second Strickland prong.

Appellant does not point to any place in the record where the State referenced or

otherwise highlighted the complained-of evidence. The primary issue at the guilt-

innocence stage was whether Appellant possessed the pistol. That was the focus of

the State’s evidence and its argument.

      The State did reoffer all of its evidence at the punishment phase of trial;

however, it did not specifically mention the complained-of evidence during the

                                         17
punishment phase. Rather, the State pointed to the evidence showing what had

been discovered during the search of Appellant’s family home.

      In its closing statement, the State acknowledged that Appellant should not

receive the maximum ten-year sentence by requesting the trial court to assess a six-

year sentence. The defense requested the minimum two-year sentence, pointing

out that the instant offense involved no victim or property damage. The trial court

assessed Appellant’s punishment to be five years in prison.

      We conclude that Appellant has not demonstrated a reasonable probability

that the result of the proceedings would have been different but for counsel’s

failure to object. We hold that appellant has failed to show, by a preponderance of

the evidence, that he received ineffective assistance of counsel at trial.      See

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687–88, 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2064, 2068.

      We overrule Appellant’s second issue.

                                   Conclusion

      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                                Laura Carter Higley
                                                Justice

Panel consists of Chief Justice Radack and Justices Higley and Massengale.

Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
                                           18