Court Opinion

ID: 4345330
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-28 21:00:35.593614+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:33.056346
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       NOV 28 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

RALPH COLEMAN; et al.,                          No.    17-17328

                Plaintiffs-Appellees,           D.C. No.
                                                2:90-cv-00520-KJM-DB
 v.

EDMUND G. BROWN, Jr., Governor of the           MEMORANDUM*
State of California; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellants.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Eastern District of California
                   Kimberly J. Mueller, District Judge, Presiding

                    Argued and Submitted November 13, 2018
                            San Francisco, California

Before: SCHROEDER and WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and KORMAN,** District
Judge.

      State officials appeal from the district court’s orders of April and October

2017, which required them to complete transfers of class members to Mental

Health Crisis Beds (“MHCBs”) within twenty-four hours of referral, subject to

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The Honorable Edward R. Korman, United States District Judge for
the Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.
                                                                            Page 2 of 4

exceptions, and denied their requests to change the way that time period would be

measured. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1), and affirm.

      1. Appellants contend that the district court erred by treating the

requirements of the Program Guide as a constitutional minimum and by failing to

evaluate the “deliberate indifference” element of an Eighth Amendment violation.

See Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 828 (1994). But the district court was

entitled to rely on its previous rulings in these areas, which had become final, as

the law of the case. See United States v. Washington, 235 F.3d 438, 441 (9th Cir.

2000). It was therefore established that the Program Guide sets out the objective

standards that the Constitution requires in this context, and that the persistence of

objectively unconstitutional conditions satisfies the subjective “deliberate

indifference” inquiry. Coleman v. Brown, 28 F. Supp. 3d 1068, 1077 (E.D. Cal.

2014); Coleman v. Brown, 938 F. Supp. 2d 955, 972 n.30, 989 (E.D. Cal. 2013).

There is no “manifest injustice” in declining to overturn those decisions years later.

See Jeffries v. Wood, 114 F.3d 1484, 1489 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc), overruled on

other grounds by Gonzalez v. Arizona, 677 F.3d 383 (9th Cir. 2012) (en banc).

      2. The district court’s determination that the Eighth Amendment requires

full compliance with the Program Guide’s twenty-four-hour timeline, subject to

exceptions, was not erroneous. The Program Guide itself provides that the twenty-

four-hour timeline applies “[i]n most cases.” And the record makes clear that
                                                                           Page 3 of 4

longer waits create “a substantial risk of serious harm.” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 828.

We observe that before negotiations were halted by the filing of this appeal, the

parties had already agreed to three categories of exceptions to the transfer timeline,

including a broad exception for “circumstances outside of Defendant’s control . . .

which cause a delay in transfer to a [MHCB] beyond the Program Guide

timelines.” The district court has approved similar exceptions in the in-patient

context. We have no reason to believe that the district court will reject the parties’

proposed exceptions once its jurisdiction is restored. In sum, the district court

correctly held that, except in certain classes of cases in which there is good reason

for delay, waits for MHCBs longer than twenty-four hours violate the Eighth

Amendment.

      3. Nor did the district court’s decisions on the State’s request to change

when the twenty-four-hour clock would start and stop constitute an abuse of

discretion. Trueblood v. Washington State Department of Social and Health

Services, 822 F.3d 1037, 1042 (9th Cir. 2016). Appellants argue that these

decisions were new injunctions to which the limitations of the Prison Litigation

Reform Act apply. See 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(1). Even if the court’s orders were

new injunctions—not denials of requests to modify old ones—we find no error.

Stopping the clock later or starting it sooner, the district court found, would cause

patients to spend more time in “alternative housing” waiting for constitutionally
                                                                           Page 4 of 4

adequate treatment. That in turn would create a “substantial risk of serious harm.”

Farmer, 511 U.S. at 828. The district court’s factual findings are well supported

and not clearly erroneous. The court’s order was therefore necessary to correct the

ongoing violation of the appellees’ rights, and there was no less restrictive or

intrusive means available to remedy the Eighth Amendment violation. 18 U.S.C.

§ 3626(a)(1).

      We DENY appellants’ request for judicial notice in support of reply brief

(Docket No. 36) and appellees’ third request for judicial notice (Docket No. 45).

      AFFIRMED.