Court Opinion

ID: 74672
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-26 08:53:24+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:04:27.190475
License: Public Domain

In re: Alan L. GOLDENBERG, Debtor.

                          Shirley Sawczak, Plaintiff-Appellee-Cross-Appellant,
                                                     v.

                       Alan L. Goldenberg, Defendant-Appellant-Cross-Appellee.

                                              No. 99-10411.

                                     United States Court of Appeals,
                                             Eleventh Circuit.

                                              June 12, 2001.

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. (No. 97-06203-CV-WDF),
Wilkie D. Ferguson, Jr., Judge.
Before ANDERSON, Chief Judge, and CARNES and RONEY, Circuit Judges.
        ANDERSON, Chief Judge:

        Upon the Florida Supreme Court's review of the question we certified in this case, we revisit our

decision in In re Goldenberg, 218 F.3d 1264, 1266 (11th Cir.2000).

        In so doing, we need only briefly restate the facts. Shirley Sawczak sued Dr. Alan Goldenberg in
Broward County, Florida, for negligently performing gall bladder surgery on her. Dr. Goldenberg did not
carry malpractice insurance. On the day the jury was to begin deliberations in the medical malpractice suit,

Dr. Goldenberg filed a petition for relief under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. Later that day, Sawczak
filed an emergency motion for relief from the bankruptcy's automatic stay, and the bankruptcy court granted
Sawcazk's motion so that the malpractice trial could be completed. The jury returned a verdict in Sawczak's

favor, awarding her $4,000,629 in damages.
        Thereafter, Dr. Goldenberg filed bankruptcy schedules listing $3,791,119 in assets, of which he

claimed $3,751,678 as exempt. Of that amount, the only issue remaining before us1 involves the exempt
status of seven annuity contracts, with a claimed aggregate value of $355,894. The annuities are single

premium annuities; meaning, Dr. Goldenberg paid a single premium which will accrue interest until the
maturity date of the annuity. At the maturity date, sums certain become payable to the annuitant or his

    1
     This appeal also initially involved the exempt status of $2,546,319 in individual retirement accounts
("IRAs"). In our previous opinion, in addition to certifying the annuity issue discussed herein, we also
affirmed the holdings of both the district court and the bankruptcy court upholding the exempt status of
Dr. Goldenberg's $2,546,319 in IRAs. See In re Goldenberg, 218 F.3d at 1266. That affirmance is not
affected by the instant decision reversing on the issue of $355,894 in annuity contracts.
survivors under various settlement options set out in the contracts. Prior to maturity, the annuity contracts
may be "surrendered" in exchange for a lump sum of money defined by the contracts as either the "surrender

value" or "net surrender value." According to Sawczak, no maturity dates have yet arrived.

        Before the bankruptcy court, Sawczak objected to Dr. Goldenberg's claim that the annuity contracts

were exempt under Fla. Stat. Ann. § 222.142. She argued that § 222.14 did not apply because the contracts

were not mature and thus did not constitute "proceeds of annuity contracts" under the statute. The bankruptcy
court disagreed and overruled her objection, concluding that Dr. Goldenberg's annuity contracts were exempt

from legal process under Fla. Stat. Ann. § 222.14.

        Sawczak appealed the bankruptcy court's decision to the district court for the Southern District of

Florida. The district court reversed the bankruptcy court, holding that "Dr. Goldenberg did not have annuity
contracts until the funds in the annuity account reached maturity." Thus, the district court concluded that Dr.

Goldenberg was not entitled to an exemption as to the $355,894 and that, as a judgment creditor, Sawczak
could attempt to reach those assets by process.
        Dr. Goldenberg appealed, and we expressed no opinion regarding whether annuity contracts fell

under Fla. Stat. § 222.14. Instead, we concluded that this case involved an unanswered question of state law
that was determinative of this appeal. Finding no clear, controlling precedent in the decisions of the Supreme
Court of Florida, we certified the following question of law to the Supreme Court of Florida for instruction:

"Are the cash surrender values of Dr. Goldenberg's 'annuity contracts' exempt from legal process under Fla.
Stat. Ann. § 222.14 (West. 1998)?"

        In a unanimous decision, the Florida Supreme Court answered our question in the affirmative. See

Goldenberg v. Sawczak, --- So.2d ----, ---- (Fla.2001). The court held that "the proceeds of an annuity

contract where there is a surrender penalty are exempt from legal process by virtue of section 222.14." Thus,

under Florida law, Dr. Goldenberg's annuity contracts are exempt. It follows from this that the district court

erred in concluding that such annuities were not exempt under § 222.14. Accordingly, as to the $355,894 in

    2
     Florida Statute Annotated § 222.14 states:

                 The cash surrender values of life insurance policies issued upon the lives of citizens or
                 residents of the state and the proceeds of annuity contracts issued to citizens or residents
                 of the state, upon whatever form, shall not in any case be liable to attachment,
                 garnishment or legal process in favor of any creditor of the person whose life is so
                 insured or of any creditor of the person who is the beneficiary of such annuity contract,
                 unless the insurance policy or annuity contract was effected for the benefit of such
                 creditor.
annuity contracts, we REVERSE the district court's decision, and REMAND for further proceedings

consistent with this opinion.