Court Opinion

ID: 892701
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-06-05 18:41:30.359375+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:25:33.950647
License: Public Domain

1   This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please
 2   see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions.
 3   Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated
 4   errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does
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 6   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

 7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,

 8          Plaintiff-Appellee,

 9 v.                                                                                   NO. 29,576

10 GARRETT LORETTO,

11          Defendant-Appellant.

12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF LINCOLN COUNTY
13 James Waylon Counts, District Judge

14 Gary K. King, Attorney General
15 Farhan Khan, Assistant Attorney General
16 Santa Fe, NM

17 for Appellee

18 Hugh W. Dangler, Chief Public Defender
19 J. K. Theodosia Johnson, Assistant Appellate Defender
20 Santa Fe, NM

21 for Appellant

22                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION

23 VANZI, Judge.
 1        Garrett Loretto (Defendant) appeals from the judgment and sentence convicting

 2 him after a jury trial of driving while under the influence of intoxicating liquor and/or

 3 drugs (DWI). In his brief in chief, Defendant raises one issue: whether the evidence

 4 of one of Defendant’s prior DWI convictions was insufficient, and therefore the

 5 district court erred when it sentenced Defendant based upon five prior DWI

 6 convictions for sentence enhancement purposes. We affirm.

 7 DISCUSSION

 8        A person convicted of DWI who has been convicted of previous DWI charges

 9 faces enhanced penalties. See NMSA 1978, § 66-8-102(F)-(J) (2008) (amended

10 2010). When prior DWI convictions are used to enhance a defendant’s sentence,

11 “[t]he State bears the initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of a defendant’s

12 previous convictions.” State v. Sedillo, 2001-NMCA-001, ¶ 5, 130 N.M. 98, 18 P.3d
13 1051 (filed 2000). “Proof beyond a reasonable doubt of the prior DWI convictions

14 is not needed.” Id. Once a prima facie case is established, “[t]he defendant is then

15 entitled to bring forth contrary evidence. However, the State bears the ultimate burden

16 of persuasion on the validity of prior convictions.” Id. (citation omitted).

17        On November 3, 2008, Defendant was charged with DWI, pursuant to Section

18 66-8-102(A),(I). After a jury trial, Defendant was convicted of DWI and was

19 sentenced to thirty months incarceration based upon five prior DWI convictions for

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 1 sentence enhancement purposes . See § 66-8-102(I). In this appeal, Defendant does

 2 not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence or raise any other issues regarding his

 3 conviction for DWI. See State v. Gee, 2004-NMCA-042, ¶ 25, 135 N.M. 408, 89 P.3d
4 80 (stating that issues not briefed are deemed abandoned). Rather, Defendant

 5 challenges only the district court’s decision to use a 1985 misdemeanor conviction as

 6 one of five prior DWI convictions.

 7        At sentencing, Defendant stipulated to having four prior DWI convictions. He

 8 objected, however, to the use of his October 18, 1985, conviction in Lincoln County

 9 Magistrate Court in Carrizozo, New Mexico, Case No. 26-1-74-0130-A-2, as his first

10 DWI offense, a special penalty misdemeanor (the 1985 misdemeanor conviction) for

11 sentence enhancement purposes. Defendant argued that the 1985 misdemeanor

12 conviction could not be used because it is based on a plea agreement that was entered

13 into without representation by counsel or a valid waiver of counsel.

14        Initially, we note that the 1985 misdemeanor conviction documents are not part

15 of the record on appeal. See State v. Jim, 107 N.M. 779, 780, 765 P.2d 195, 196 (Ct.

16 Ohio App. 1988) (“It is defendant’s burden to bring up a record sufficient for review of the

17 issues he raises on appeal.”). Our review of the sentencing hearing reflects, however,

18 that the State presented a certified copy of the 1985 misdemeanor conviction, stated

19 that the conviction had resulted in a fine and no jail time, and cited New Mexico

                                              3
 1 Supreme Court case law, State v. Woodruff, 1997-NMSC-061, ¶ 37, 124 N.M. 388,

 2 951 P.2d 605, to support its position that the 1985 misdemeanor conviction could be

 3 used to enhance Defendant’s sentence. The district court noted that the citation

 4 attached to the 1985 misdemeanor conviction matched Defendant’s date of birth and

 5 social security number. Defendant indicated at the hearing that he took no position

 6 on admitting to being the person on the 1985 misdemeanor citation. Defendant did

 7 not present any evidence to counter the State’s assertion that the 1985 misdemeanor

 8 conviction resulted in a fine and no jail time for Defendant.

 9        The district court ruled that Defendant did not prove “one way or the other” that

10 the plea agreement was uncounseled. The district court then assumed that the plea

11 was uncounseled, noted New Mexico Supreme Court authority, and held that

12 Defendant failed to present any evidence to challenge the reliability of the 1985

13 misdemeanor conviction or the validity of its use to enhance his DWI sentence in this

14 case. Defendant was sentenced to DWI, sixth offense.

15        We agree with the district court. The State established a prima facie case for

16 the use of Defendant’s 1985 misdemeanor conviction to enhance Defendant’s DWI

17 sentence in this case. The State presented certified copies of the 1985 misdemeanor

18 conviction with a citation containing Defendant’s birth date and social security

19 number. Defendant presented no evidence that he was not the person who was

                                              4
 1 convicted in the 1985 misdemeanor conviction. In addition, Defendant presented no

 2 evidence to indicate that the 1985 conviction was not a misdemeanor that had resulted

 3 in the imposition of a fine and no imprisonment. See State v. Pacheco, 2008-NMCA-

 4 059, ¶¶ 8-9, 144 N.M. 61, 183 P.3d 946 (stating that because a successful collateral

 5 attack on a prior conviction requires a showing of fundamental error, it is the

 6 defendant’s burden of producing evidence demonstrating the invalidity of those

 7 convictions, not the State’s burden to prove their validity). Instead, relying on State

 8 v. Franklin, 78 N.M. 127, 129, 428 P.2d 982, 984 (1967), and State v. Boyer, 103

 9 N.M. 655, 658, 712 P.2d 1, 4 (Ct. App. 1985), Defendant argues that the 1985

10 misdemeanor conviction could not be used to enhance his sentence because he was

11 without counsel at the time, and he had not executed a valid waiver of counsel.

12        The New Mexico Supreme Court case cited by the State at the sentencing

13 hearing, relied upon by the district court and by the State in the answer brief,

14 Woodruff, has addressed this issue and it is controlling authority holding contrary to

15 Defendant’s contentions in this case. 1997-NMSC-061, ¶ 37. In Woodruff, the New

16 Mexico Supreme Court considered that, as a matter of federal constitutional law, in

17 Nichols v. United States, 511 U.S. 738, 741 (1994), the United States Supreme Court

18 held that a defendant’s due process rights were not violated by the use of a prior

19 uncounseled conviction to enhance a subsequent conviction, even if the defendant had

                                              5
 1 not waived his right to counsel in connection with the prior conviction, provided the

 2 prior conviction did not result in a sentence of imprisonment. Woodruff, 1997-

 3 NMSC-061, ¶ 5. In Woodruff, the New Mexico Supreme Court then held that, as a

 4 matter of state constitutional law, “the use of a prior uncounseled misdemeanor DWI

 5 conviction not resulting in a sentence of imprisonment to enhance a subsequent

 6 misdemeanor DWI conviction does not violate the New Mexico Constitution.” Id. ¶

 7 37; see Rule 6-502 (B)-(C) NMRA (requiring the magistrate court judge to address

 8 a defendant personally in open court in order to advise a defendant of his right to trial,

 9 to ensure that the defendant understands the consequences of pleading guilty, and to

10 determine whether the plea is voluntary and not the result of force or threats or of

11 promises apart from the plea agreement).

12        We hold that the district court properly used the 1985 misdemeanor conviction

13 to enhance Defendant’s sentence in this case.

14 CONCLUSION

15        We affirm the district court’s judgment convicting Defendant of a new DWI

16 offense and the enhancement of his sentence based upon five prior DWI convictions

17 for sentence enhancement purposes.

18        IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                               6
1                               __________________________________
2                               LINDA M. VANZI, Judge

3 WE CONCUR:

4 _______________________________
5 ROBERT E. ROBLES, Judge

6 ________________________________
7 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge

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