Court Opinion

ID: 3215505
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-06-21 20:14:00.553468+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:19:10.024460
License: Public Domain

[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as State
ex rel. Ford v. Ruehlman, Slip Opinion No. 2016-Ohio-3529.]

                                           NOTICE
      This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in an
      advance sheet of the Ohio Official Reports. Readers are requested to
      promptly notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of Ohio, 65
      South Front Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, of any typographical or other
      formal errors in the opinion, in order that corrections may be made before
      the opinion is published.

                          SLIP OPINION NO. 2016-OHIO-3529
                  THE STATE EX REL. FORD v. RUEHLMAN, JUDGE.
  [Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it
        may be cited as State ex rel. Ford v. Ruehlman, Slip Opinion No.
                                     2016-Ohio-3529.]
Prohibition ―Ohio judge patently lacks jurisdiction to issue injunction shielding
        Ohio attorney from collection efforts of Kentucky judgment creditors and
        other orders interfering with Kentucky court’s attempts to enforce its
        judgments before Kentucky judgments were domesticated in Ohio―R.C.
        2329.021 et seq.―Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act―Judge
        has no authority to impose extrastatutory preconditions on filing of foreign
        judgment in Ohio―Writ of prohibition granted to prevent unauthorized
        exercise of judicial power and to vacate orders previously issued.
      (No. 2015-1470—Submitted March 8, 2016—Decided June 21, 2016.)
                            IN MANDAMUS and PROHIBITION.
                                    ________________
                                SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

        Per Curiam.
        {¶ 1} The Boone County, Kentucky, Circuit Court has entered a
multimillion dollar judgment against former attorney Stanley M. Chesley. Denied
relief from the judgment by the Kentucky courts, Chesley has turned to the courts
of Ohio to thwart collection of the judgment and relitigate the case. And Chesley
has found a receptive audience in the respondent, Hamilton County Common Pleas
Court Judge Robert Ruehlman. In Chesley v. Ford, Hamilton C.P. No. A1500067,
Judge Ruehlman has repeatedly acted to shield Chesley and his assets from
creditors, despite a patent lack of jurisdiction.
        {¶ 2} Relator, Angela M. Ford, seeks a writ of prohibition to preclude Judge
Ruehlman from continuing to exercise jurisdiction over the Hamilton County case.
Chesley and his former law firm, as intervenors, oppose this request on the merits
and also based on a claim of mootness. We grant a peremptory writ of prohibition
and order Judge Ruehlman to vacate his orders. We deny Ford’s request for a writ
of mandamus.
Background
        The Kentucky proceedings
        {¶ 3} In 1998, attorneys William Gallion, Shirley Cunningham, and
Melbourne Mills filed a class-action lawsuit in Boone County, Kentucky, captioned
Guard v. A. H. Robins Company, on behalf of approximately 431 persons who
claimed to have been injured by the use of the diet drug “fen-phen.”1 Chesley was
counsel in a separate fen-phen suit in Boone County, which he succeeded in
consolidating with the Guard class action. Chesley, Gallion, Cunningham, Mills,
and another attorney then entered into fee-sharing agreements that were not
disclosed to the clients.

1
 The facts concerning the Guard litigation are taken from the decision of the Kentucky Supreme
Court in Kentucky Bar Assn. v. Chesley, 393 S.W.3d 584 (Ky.2013).

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                                   January Term, 2016

        {¶ 4} The parties reached a settlement agreement.                 American Home
Products, the manufacturer of fen-phen, agreed to pay $200 million in settlement
of the claims brought by the 431 named plaintiffs in return for dismissal of their
claims with prejudice. The class would be voluntarily decertified, and the class-
member claims dismissed without prejudice. The clients were not informed of
these facts before the agreement was executed and the claims dismissed. American
Home ultimately disbursed $200,450,000 to the client trust accounts of Chesley and
Cunningham.       The clients received $46,000,000 (approximately 23 percent).
Chesley personally retained $20,497,121.87.
        {¶ 5} In 2005, several of the Guard clients filed suit against Chesley,
Gallion, Cunningham, Mills, and the Kentucky Fund for Healthy Living in the
Circuit Court of Boone County, Kentucky, alleging misconduct and
misappropriation of the settlement funds.2 The case was styled Abbott v. Chesley
(the “Abbott case”), case No. 05-CI-436. Angela Ford, relator in the instant action,
is an attorney licensed to practice in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and she
represented the plaintiffs in the Abbott litigation.
        {¶ 6} On March 8, 2006, the Boone County court found Cunningham,
Gallion, and Mills liable for breach of fiduciary duty. In a later order, dated August
1, 2007, the court awarded damages in the amount of $42,000,000.
        {¶ 7} The question of Chesley’s liability remained unresolved for seven
years. In the interim, the Kentucky Supreme Court permanently disbarred Chesley
for his conduct in the Guard litigation. Kentucky Bar Assn. v. Chesley, 393 S.W.3d
584 (Ky.2013). He is registered in Ohio as “permanently retired.”
        {¶ 8} On April 15, 2013, shortly after his Kentucky disbarment, Chesley
executed a wind-up agreement for his law practice, Waite, Schneider, Bayless &

2
  The Kentucky Fund for Healthy Living was an allegedly “charitable” organization set up by
Chesley “to harbor millions of dollars of the settlement money that was not distributed to the
clients.” Kentucky Bar Assn. v. Chesley, 393 S.W.3d 584, 590, (Ky.2013), fn. 6.

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                               SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

Chesley Co., L.P.A. (“WSBC”), of which he was the sole shareholder. Pursuant to
the agreement, Chesley transferred his shares in WSBC to Thomas F. Rehme, who
would hold the shares in trust for the purpose of winding up the corporation’s
affairs.     Chesley was entitled to receive any proceeds remaining from the
liquidation of the firm’s assets after the creditors were paid. In addition, the
agreement preserved Chesley’s right to share in legal fees relating to services
performed before the date of the transfer.
           {¶ 9} On August 1, 2014, Boone County Circuit Court Judge James R.
Schrand granted a motion for partial summary judgment in the Abbott case and held
Chesley liable, jointly and severally with Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills, for the
$42,000,000 judgment.
           {¶ 10} On August 11, 2014, Chesley petitioned the Boone County court to
reconsider and vacate the partial-summary-judgment order. Judge Schrand denied
the motions on September 19, 2014.
           {¶ 11} Chesley responded with a motion for clarification, on October 20,
2014, seeking an order to compel the Abbott plaintiffs to identify by name each
party-plaintiff, the capacity in which each was suing (individual or representative),
and the amount of the judgment attributable to each individual. Judge Schrand
denied that motion as well.
           {¶ 12} On October 22, 2014, Judge Schrand issued a second amended
judgment against Chesley, which added language designating the order as final and
appealable. Chesley filed a motion to vacate the second amended judgment, which
was also denied.
           The Ohio proceedings
           {¶ 13} On January 6, 2015, Chesley filed suit in the Common Pleas Court
of Hamilton County against attorney Ford and “possibly over 400 John Doe or Jane
Doe” respondents. These so-called “Unknown Respondents” were the Abbott case

                                          4
                                 January Term, 2016

judgment creditors. At the time Chesley filed his lawsuit, Ford and the Abbott
plaintiffs had taken no steps to domesticate or enforce their judgment in Ohio.
       {¶ 14} In his complaint, Chesley requested five specific orders:
       1. A declaration that before respondents could take any action in Ohio to
enforce the Abbott judgment, Chesley is entitled to know, and Ford must
immediately disclose to Chesley and the court, the name, address, and amount owed
to each judgment creditor, and the exact current total amount owed on the judgment.
       2. A declaration that Chesley is entitled to know, and Ford must
immediately disclose to Chesley, the amount of money and value of assets
recovered pursuant to the 2007 judgment against Gallion, Mills, and Cunningham,
the date on which payments were made or assets forfeited or seized, the total
amount distributed to the judgment creditors, the amount collected and not
distributed, and the total amount distributed to the Unknown Respondents pursuant
to the settlement agreement and in the Abbott case, after reduction for Ford’s fees
and expenses.
       3. An injunction to prevent Ford, the Unknown Respondents, or anyone
acting on their behalf from taking any action in the state of Ohio to collect the
Abbott judgment until 90 days after Chesley receives the information.
       4. An injunction to prevent Ford, the Unknown Respondents, or anyone
acting on their behalf from registering or domesticating the judgment against
Chesley in Ohio, or issuing subpoenas or other discovery to parties in Ohio, until
90 days after Chesley receives the information.
       5. An injunction to prevent the destruction of documents relevant to the
issues in Chesley’s pleadings.
       {¶ 15} The case was assigned to Judge Ruehlman.
       {¶ 16} The next day, January 7, 2015, Judge Ruehlman entered an ex parte
temporary restraining order. Under the terms of the order, for the next 14 days:

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                                   SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

         1. Ford, any co-counsel, and any Ohio lawyer representing the Unknown
Respondents were enjoined from taking any action in Ohio to enforce the Abbott
judgment against Chesley or serve any Chesley-asset-related discovery on any Ohio
resident, citizen, or domiciliary, except Chesley himself.
         2. Ford, any co-counsel, and any Ohio lawyer representing the Unknown
Respondents were enjoined “from making any filing in any Ohio court that would
be or could be part of an effort to domesticate or register” the Abbott judgment in
Ohio.
         3. Ford, the Unknown Respondents, and any person acting on their behalf
were enjoined from taking any action to collect the Abbott judgment in Ohio from
any Ohio resident, citizen, or domiciled entity, other than Chesley.
         4. Ford, the Unknown Respondents, and any person acting on their behalf
were enjoined from issuing any subpoena seeking documents or testimony to any
Ohio resident, citizen, or domiciled entity, other than Chesley, if the purpose of the
requested documents or testimony is to obtain information related to efforts to
enforce the Abbott judgment.
         5. Ford, the Unknown Respondents, and any person acting on their behalf
were enjoined from destroying, damaging, or secreting any documents or
electronically stored information relating to a host of topics.3
         {¶ 17} One week later, Judge Ruehlman entered an order extending the
injunction to keep the restrictions of the TRO in force until further order of the
court. Judge Ruehlman modified the TRO in one respect: whereas the first order

3
  Specifically, the order shielded documents relating to any issues described in Chesley’s petition,
including documents reflecting funds collected and/or credited against the Abbott judgment against
Chesley’s former co-counsel, the restitution obligations of his former co-counsel, the forfeiture of
assets in Abbott, funds transferred to or from a person identified only as “Johnston,” funds
transferred to or for the benefit of victims who were not plaintiffs in Abbott, amounts distributed to
the Abbott plaintiffs, the operation of the “Tandy L.L.C.” receivership, funds transferred to or by
the United States Marshals Service relating to the criminal case or Abbott, and the legal fees and
expenses of Ford and her Abbott co-counsel.

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                                January Term, 2016

permitted Ford to serve discovery on Chesley, the extended order clarified that such
discovery could only occur in a non-Ohio jurisdiction. The order expressly stated
that Chesley was not required to post any security.
       {¶ 18} In February 2015, Ford removed the case to federal court, based on
diversity jurisdiction. She then filed motions to dissolve the restraining order and
to dismiss the complaint. The motion to dismiss argued that Ohio had no personal
jurisdiction over Ford, that the complaint identified no justiciable case or
controversy, and that the complaint constituted an impermissible collateral attack
against a final judgment from another jurisdiction, in violation of the Full Faith and
Credit Clause, Article IV, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution.
       {¶ 19} In response, Chesley filed a motion in the federal district court for
leave to file an amended complaint to identify six Abbott judgment creditors by
name. The newly named parties were all Ohio residents. Chesley then filed a
motion to remand the case on the grounds that diversity jurisdiction did not exist.
       {¶ 20} U.S. District Court Judge Peter C. Economus found that “Chesley’s
primary purpose in amending his complaint [was] to destroy the Court’s apparent
diversity jurisdiction over the original complaint.” Chesley v. Ford, S.D.Ohio No.
1:15-cv-83, 2015 WL 1569103, at *3 (Apr. 6, 2015). Nevertheless, he permitted
the amendment and granted the remand motion.
       {¶ 21} Once the case returned to state court in May 2015, Judge Ruehlman
denied Ford’s motions to dismiss the case and to dissolve the injunction. He denied
Ford’s request for security for the injunction.
       Dueling proceedings
       {¶ 22} Since then, litigation has proceeded in both Kentucky and Ohio, with
the two courts in direct and open conflict. For example, Ford served a subpoena
duces tecum on the Kentucky offices of the accounting firm Clark Schaefer
Hackett, seeking financial and tax records for Chesley, WSBC, or any other entity
in which they hold an interest. Clark Schaefer refused to comply, in part because

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                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

it contended that the subpoena violated Judge Ruehlman’s injunction. Judge
Schrand granted a motion to compel Clark Schaefer to respond, holding that the
subpoena did not violate Judge Ruehlman’s order because an Ohio injunction
“cannot limit [a Kentucky court’s] ability to Order a business located and
transacting business in Kentucky to comply with Kentucky law to secure a
Judgment from a Kentucky case.” However, Judge Ruehlman later declared that
filing a motion to compel in Kentucky against Clark Schaefer did violate the
restraining order.
       {¶ 23} Likewise, Judge Schrand granted in part a motion to hold Chesley in
contempt for failing to provide discovery responses, only to have Judge Ruehlman
declare the filing of that motion a breach of his restraining order.
       {¶ 24} On January 15, 2015, one day after the second restraining order, the
Abbott judgment creditors filed a motion in Boone County for an order compelling
Chesley “to withdraw all efforts to stay this Court’s judgment against [him] that do
not comply with” certain Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure. Chesley responded
with a motion in Hamilton County seeking an “amplification” of the restraining
order to address what he characterized as Ford’s continuing violations and
misrepresentations of the order.
       {¶ 25} But the most contentious issue involved WSBC, the law firm whose
shares Chesley had placed in trust for purposes of winding up its affairs. On May
21, 2015, Ford filed a motion in the Abbott case seeking an order to compel Chesley
to transfer his beneficial interest in property held in trust to the Abbott plaintiffs.
The motion’s description of the nature of the property was redacted and the original
filed under seal. But later documents make clear that the property in issue was
Chesley’s anticipated income from WSBC cases predating his retirement.
       {¶ 26} On June 23, 2015, Judge Schrand granted the motion. He noted that
Chesley had transferred more than $59 million from his personal accounts to
WSBC, including more than $1.3 million on or after the date of the wind-up

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                                January Term, 2016

agreement. Finding that he had personal jurisdiction over Chesley, the judge
ordered him to transfer his beneficial interest in the shares of WSBC to the plaintiffs
within 14 days and ordered him to instruct Rehme, the WSBC trustee, to direct all
payments owed to Chesley to the plaintiffs, through their counsel, Ford. Finally,
he ordered that if Chesley receives any money from his interest in WSBC, he must
immediately pay it over to Ford.        Chesley unsuccessfully sought to take an
interlocutory appeal of the transfer order in Kentucky.
       {¶ 27} Three days later, on June 26, 2015, WSBC filed a motion for leave
to intervene, not in Abbott, but in the Chesley case pending before Judge Ruehlman
in Hamilton County.      In the same motion, WSBC requested declaratory and
injunctive relief to protect itself and trustee Rehme (who was not named as a party)
from having to comply with Judge Schrand’s transfer order.
       {¶ 28} Judge Ruehlman granted WSBC’s motion to intervene on August
26, 2015. In the same order, without a hearing, he granted WSBC’s motion for
declaratory and injunctive relief. Declaring the transfer motion a violation of his
restraining order, he ordered WSBC “to disregard and not effectuate any of the
Kentucky Orders as same may apply to WSBC or the Trust either directly or
indirectly, including but not limited to the Transfer Order.” In addition, he ordered
Rehme (who, again, was not a party) to disregard any orders of the Kentucky court,
to refuse to transfer Chesley’s interest in the WSBC shares, and to refuse any
request from Chesley for WSBC’s financial records, to the extent that such request
emanates from discovery requests or orders in the Kentucky case. Finally, he
reaffirmed that his injunction order remained in effect.
       {¶ 29} WSBC filed its formal complaint as intervenor in the Chesley suit on
September 4, 2015. WSBC requested a declaratory judgment that Judge Ruehlman
has exclusive jurisdiction to decide all issues regarding collection efforts against
WSBC by Ford and/or the Abbott creditors. In addition, WSBC requested a series
of injunctions and declaratory judgments to prevent the Abbott creditors from

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                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

seeking discovery concerning WSBC or attempting to take collection action against
WSBC and ordering Rehme not to comply with any orders from the Kentucky court
or any instructions from Chesley based on those orders.
       {¶ 30} On September 3, 2015, the Abbott creditors filed a motion before
Judge Schrand to compel Chesley to comply with the transfer order. Five days
later, Chesley answered with a motion before Judge Ruehlman seeking an order
shielding him from having to comply with the transfer order. On September 25,
2015, back in Kentucky, Judge Schrand issued his order on the motion.
       {¶ 31} Judge Schrand began by recounting the history of the litigation,
noting that Chesley had made no payments to plaintiffs and that the court had
already granted multiple motions to compel against Chesley. He cited evidence
that Chesley had been dishonest in his partial discovery responses, specifically, that
he omitted a case from his list of fee-generating cases and then amended his
responses only after the Abbott creditors brought the case to the court’s attention.
       {¶ 32} Finally, Judge Schrand declared that Chesley continued to maintain
control over WSBC, based on detailed findings of fact, including that in October
2014, Chesley directed payment of over $16,000,000 in fees from Fannie Mae
litigation into two separate accounts and directed payments of more than $300,000
from WSBC accounts to his attorneys. The judge declared the wind-up agreement
“a sham”:

               The Court finds [that Chesley] is utilizing WSBC and its
               existence during what is supposed to be a wind-up period, to
               prevent Plaintiffs, his judgment creditors, from executing on
               their Judgment. The Court finds he is taking action to render
               himself insolvent while directing assets to WSBC, including
               fees from the Fannie Mae Litigation and tobacco litigation,

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                               January Term, 2016

               and the transfer of $59 million from his personal accounts to
               WSBC.

Judge Schrand ordered, among other things, that Chesley immediately transfer his
ownership interest in WSBC to the Abbott judgment creditors.
       The Supreme Court litigation
       {¶ 33} On September 4, 2015, Ford commenced the present action in this
court for writs of prohibition and mandamus against Judge Ruehlman. At the same
time, she filed a motion seeking an emergency stay and an alternative writ. Judge
Ruehlman filed a combined motion to dismiss and memorandum in opposition to
the motion for emergency stay. On September 17, 2015, this court granted an
emergency stay of Judge Ruehlman’s orders pending resolution of the case. ___
Ohio St.3d ____, 2015-Ohio-3783, ___ N.E.3d ___. On October 2, 2015, Judge
Ruehlman filed an answer and a motion for judgment on the pleadings.
       {¶ 34} On October 5, 2015, Chesley and WSBC filed a joint motion to
intervene. The next day, WSBC and Chesley filed three motions: for expedited
consideration of the motion to intervene, for judgment on the pleadings, and to
vacate this court’s September 17 stay order. Ford filed memoranda in opposition
to Judge Ruehlman’s motion for judgment on the pleadings and in opposition to the
motions filed by WSBC and Chesley to intervene and to vacate the stay order.
       {¶ 35} On October 21, 2015, after Judge Ruehlman’s injunction had been
in effect for nearly two years, Chesley and WSBC abruptly filed a notice of
voluntary dismissal without prejudice of all claims against Ford in the Hamilton
County case. Judge Ruehlman promptly filed a “suggestion of mootness” with this
court. In response, Ford filed a motion to join Linda Brumley, one of the named
Abbott judgment creditors, as a co-relator. WSBC filed a motion for leave to file a
memorandum in opposition to joinder, along with the proposed memorandum.

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                            SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

       {¶ 36} On December 30, 2015, this court granted the motion of Chesley and
WSBC for leave to intervene and denied their motion for expedited consideration
of their various motions. 144 Ohio St.3d 1438, 2015-Ohio-5468, 43 N.E.3d 450.
       Recent developments
       {¶ 37} On November 25, 2015, Ford filed a document entitled “Notice of
Respondent’s Latest Order.” WSBC and Chesley filed a motion for leave to file a
responsive memorandum, along with a copy of the proposed memorandum. The
two pleadings provided the following additional information:
       {¶ 38} On October 19, 2015, Judge Schrand granted a motion for a show-
cause order and scheduled a hearing for the morning of October 29, 2015. Judge
Schrand’s order expressly stated that “Defendant Stanley M. Chesley is hereby
ordered to appear.” However, Chesley did not appear, and so Judge Schrand issued
a warrant of arrest against him on a charge of contempt for failure to appear. The
warrant indicated that Chesley “may post bail in the amount of $647,815.64,
secured by CASH.”
       {¶ 39} At 12:58 p.m. on November 19, 2015, Chesley filed case No.
A1506294, a new lawsuit in Hamilton County Common Pleas Court against
Hamilton County Sheriff Jim Neil, seeking an order prohibiting enforcement of the
arrest warrant in Ohio or, alternatively, permitting enforcement only with prior
approval from the Hamilton county court. The case was assigned to Judge
Ruehlman, who held a hearing on the new filing that very same afternoon.
       {¶ 40} Judge    Ruehlman    began    by     criticizing―and   calling   into
question―the legitimacy of Judge Schrand’s contempt order, the underlying
judgment, and even the order disbarring Chesley:

              THE COURT: First of all, they―I want to be fair and give
       people a hearing. I know they issued summary judgment against
       him.   Of course, most attorneys know I don’t like summary

                                       12
                        January Term, 2016

judgments. I don’t grant many of them, you know, I like to give
people their day in court. They didn’t give him his day in court at
all―
        [Chesley attorney Vincent] MAUER:No sir, they did not.
        THE COURT: ―over there. The disciplinary process too
was interesting because over in Ohio we have our own little police
force that disciplines us.   Over there―I think Mississippi and
Kentucky allow attorneys to discipline, so you have a lot of jealousy
and stuff like that.
        MR. MAUER: Yeah. It’s a different system that we have,
yes, sir.
        THE COURT: So the issue―so what happened, so they
issued a judgment against him without―I mean, they didn’t give
him due process at all. I mean, they didn’t let him have his day in
court, did they?
        ***
        THE COURT:       I am not necessarily taking his side or
anybody’s side, I think everybody needs a day to at least give their
side of the story. He never got that chance.
        So what’s happening now, so the Judge―
        MR. MAUER: The Judge in Kentucky―
        THE COURT: Forty-two million dollar judgment against
him.
        MR. MAUER: Forty-two million dollar judgment―
        THE COURT: ―on a summary judgment.
        MR. MAUER: On a summary judgment, yes, sir.
        THE COURT: That’s pretty unprecedented.
        MR. MAUER: The Judge in Kentucky―

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                               SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

                 THE COURT: I don’t think―has that ever happened at
         anyplace in the United States?
                 MR. MAUER: It’s a lot of money for summary judgment,
         that’s for certain, Judge.
                 THE COURT: I know.
                 ***
                 THE COURT: It just doesn’t seem fair. I try to be fair.

The prosecutor, on behalf of Sheriff Neil, stated that he had no objection to the
requested relief. Counsel for Ford and the creditors were not present and apparently
were not informed.
         {¶ 41} Judge Ruehlman then signed an order presented to him by Chesley’s
attorney. The order declared that Chesley “chose not to appear at the Show Cause
hearing because his appearance would have been irrelevant to any finding
concerning implementation of the Transfer Order in Ohio,” a preliminary factual
finding for which Judge Ruehlman had no basis. The order criticized multiple
aspects of the warrant. For example, it stated that it was unclear whether the
contempt finding was civil or criminal and direct or indirect, claimed that the bond
amount was unclear, and most remarkably, complained that “the apparent bond
amount is extremely high, and the apparent bond amount seems to have been set
without any evidentiary support or cause to believe Chesley could post that
amount.” Judge Ruehlman further stated: “Assuming the Warrant sets a bond of
$647,815.64, that amount is inappropriate if nothing in the Boone Circuit Court
record explains (i) why such a high amount is needed to insure Chesley would
appear as required at an Ohio extradition hearing and (ii) if Chesley can post the
bond.”
         {¶ 42} The order concluded that “[t]he events surrounding the issuance of
the Warrant and the post-issuance activities appear to show that the Warrant is not

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                                  January Term, 2016

a routine bench warrant” and therefore “should not be routinely enforced in Ohio.”
Therefore, “[n]o law enforcement officer in Ohio will detain or arrest Stanley M.
Chesley in reliance on the Warrant without the express prior approval of the Court
immediately before Chesley is detained or arrested.” And Sheriff Neil was directed
to place the order in any court system, computer system, or other file where it might
be seen by Ohio law enforcement.
           {¶ 43} The Abbott judgment creditors did eventually file a collection case
against Chesley in Ohio, Abbott v. Chesley, Hamilton C.P. No. M151179, an action
that had been prohibited by Judge Ruehlman until we entered a stay of his orders.
Chesley promptly filed for a stay of those proceedings, including a stay on the
issuance of subpoenas. On October 19, 2015, Hamilton County Common Pleas
Court Judge Steven E. Martin granted a 30-day stay on the enforcement of
subpoenas, without explanation. According to Ford, Judge Martin orally extended
the stay and “it was heard again on December 14, 2015,” but the record does not
indicate what he did when the parties appeared before him or whether that stay
remains in effect.
           Additional facts
           {¶ 44} We note with great concern the representations that Judge Ruehlman
and others have made to the Abbott creditors. For example, on August 19, 2015,
during a hearing before Judge Ruehlman, Carol Boggs, an Abbott judgment creditor
who Chesley had just added as a named defendant, appeared pro se and was
permitted to address the court. Ms. Boggs expressed bewilderment over how
Chesley could sue her when she had done nothing to him and lamented that she
could not afford a lawyer. In response, Judge Ruehlman and Chesley’s counsel,
Vincent Mauer, repeatedly assured Ms. Boggs that she had no reason to defend
herself:

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                      SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

         MR. MAUER: We have not asked for any money from you
in this lawsuit, and we’re not going to. We’ve now―
         THE COURT: Yeah. It’s more procedure, they are not going
to take anything from you.
         MR. MAUER: We’re not asking for judgment against you.
We’re not going to take any money from you. We’re not going to
try and take anything. We’re not going to take your car or your
house or any of that kind of stuff.
         ***
         MR. MAUER: * * * And we’ve really only added―Judge,
as you know, we only added any individual Ohio residents after
[Ford’s attorney] chose to try and remove the case to Federal Court.
         THE COURT: Right.
         MR. MAUER: Which ultimately proved futile, you know,
from their efforts.
         THE COURT: Yeah, it’s more procedural.
         MR. MAUER: Ms. Boggs is here today really because Ms.
Ford tried to remove this litigation, and that’s the honest truth and
the way things went down.
         THE COURT: Right. Yeah, she tried to remove it to Federal
Court.
         MR. SULLIVAN [Ford’s attorney]: Your Honor, if I may?
I’m stunned that Mr. Mauer would somehow suggest that I am
responsible for Ms. Boggs being a defendant in this case. She is one
of the respondents who’s identified in the original complaint as an
unknown respondent, she is a judgment creditor.
         THE COURT: Well, you tried to bring it to Federal Court,
to get it out of here to Federal Court, right?

                                  16
                         January Term, 2016

       MR. SULLIVAN:             I did.
       THE COURT: In response to that then you filed―you said
there was Ohio residents not diversity, right?
       MR. MAUER: Correct, Judge.
       THE COURT: That’s the reason why you bring Ms. Boggs
in. You’re not going to be―no judgment is going to be entered
against you or take any money from you or anything like that. I
won’t allow that to happen. So you don’t have to worry, you don’t
need a lawyer. It’s a procedural thing, that’s all.
       ***
       MR. SULLIVAN:             * * * They identified her to defeat
diversity―
       THE COURT: Right.
       MR. SULLIVAN:             ―so it gets remanded back. * * *
       ***
       THE COURT: They are not looking for any money against
her or anything like that.
       MS. BOGGS:            They have required me to answer that
summons in 28 days. There’s nothing in there to answer to.
       THE COURT: Right. What about that, so she doesn’t worry
about this?
       MR. MAUER: Your Honor, there’s―if Ms. Boggs chooses
not to retain counsel and be involved, I have a strong suspicion that
everything Mr. Sullivan does on behalf of Ms. Ford will roll in her
favor or not―
       THE COURT: Right.
       MR. MAUER: ―as it goes forward.

                                    17
                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

               THE COURT: Yeah. She doesn’t have to respond or get a
       lawyer, right?
               MR. MAUER: We’re not going to ask her to get a lawyer.
       We’re not going to ask her―
               THE COURT: It was just a procedural thing to defeat the
       diversity―to defeat the Federal Court’s jurisdiction, that’s all. They
       are not looking for anything. You don’t have to respond. You don’t
       need to get a lawyer, just wait. It all depends on what happens with
       the different courts fighting over the money and stuff, so don’t worry
       about that.
               MS. BOGGS: Thank you.
               THE COURT: You don’t have to worry about anything,
       okay?
               MS. BOGGS: I do.
               THE COURT: Yeah, well, you don’t have to.
               MS. BOGGS: I struggle every month to pay for my house
       to keep from losing it.
               THE COURT: Well, don’t worry about that. You don’t
       have answer anything or hire a lawyer or anything like that. All
       right. So don’t worry about it.
               MS. BOGGS: Thank you.
               THE COURT: Right, nobody is going to go after her?
               MR. MAUER: That’s correct, Judge.

       {¶ 45} The transcript shows that both Chesley’s counsel and the trial court
repeatedly assured Ms. Boggs that she did not need to hire an attorney because she
had nothing at risk in the action. That representation was patently false: a judgment

                                         18
                                 January Term, 2016

in favor of Chesley could have a dramatic effect on how much money Ms. Boggs
and the other creditors are able to recover and when.
         {¶ 46} Donald Rafferty, counsel for WSBC, whose motion to intervene was
pending, was present for this exchange. He remained silent.
         {¶ 47} What makes this situation more disturbing is Mr. Mauer’s
representation that Ms. Boggs need not concern herself with the case because Ford
is present as a defendant, and any arguments she makes will inure to Ms. Boggs’s
benefit. Two months later, all claims against Ford were voluntarily dismissed. So
the only defendants left in the case before Judge Ruehlman are the “Unknown
Respondents,” i.e., the individual Abbott judgment creditors, who are unrepresented
and have not even appeared in the case. In essence, Judge Ruehlman is presiding
over a sham lawsuit.
         {¶ 48} Finally, we take judicial notice of recent judicial proceedings before
United States District Court Judge James G. Carr. On February 5, 2016, Judge Carr
issued a show-cause order against Chesley and his attorneys in the case of Waite,
Schneider, Bayless & Chesley Co., L.P.A. v. Davis, N.D.Ohio No. 1:11CV851,
2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14040, 2016 WL 447021. That case began as a fee-
collection action by WSBC against a former client, at which Chesley appeared as
the firm’s representative. During trial, facing the possibility of a deadlocked jury,
the parties reached a confidential settlement.
         {¶ 49} After Judge Carr signed the dismissal entry, one of the Abbott
claimants filed a motion to compel disclosure of the settlement agreement and have
the proceeds turned over to her attorney. Until that filing, Judge Carr was unaware
of:
     The wind-up agreement transferring Chesley’s shares to Rehme
     The $42,000,000 judgment against Chesley in Boone County
     The June 23, 2015 order to convey Chesley’s beneficial interest in WSBC, and
      all payments derived therefrom, to the Abbott plaintiffs

                                           19
                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

   Chesley’s noncompliance with that order, and
   Judge Schrand’s September 25, 2015 finding that the wind-up agreement was a
    sham and that Chesley continues to control and direct WSBC and use it to
    prevent collection.

Id. at *2-3. Judge Carr wrote, “I feel tricked, and complicit, albeit unwittingly so,
in chicanery, duplicity, and mendacity.” Id. at *3. Finding a possible fraud on the
court, he ordered Chesley and counsel to appear at a show-cause hearing on a date
yet to be determined. Id. at *4.
Legal analysis
       Procedural issues
       {¶ 50} At the outset, we dispense with a number of procedural motions.
Specifically, we grant Chesley and WSBC’s two motions for leave to file
memoranda, dated November 4, 2015, and December 7, 2015.
       {¶ 51} In addition, we hold that Judge Ruehlman’s motion to dismiss has
been withdrawn, and we deny the motion on that basis. S.Ct.Prac.R. 12.04(A)(1)
permits the respondent in an original action to file an answer “or” a motion to
dismiss. (Emphasis added.) The rule does not permit a party to file both. By filing
a subsequent answer and motion for judgment on the pleadings, Judge Ruehlman
effectively withdrew or abandoned his prior pleading.
       Suggestion of Mootness
       {¶ 52} Ford is the only named relator in this case, and she has been
dismissed from the underlying Hamilton County case before Judge Ruehlman. The
threshold question for consideration, then, is whether this case can continue in light
of Ford’s dismissal. We answer the question in the affirmative.
       {¶ 53} Judge Ruehlman frames his argument as follows: “As Ford is no
longer a party in the underlying lawsuit, she has no right to request an extraordinary

                                         20
                                January Term, 2016

writ against a Hamilton County Judge in a lawsuit to which she is not a party.
Therefore the Respondent suggests that this case is now moot.”
        {¶ 54} This argument confuses two distinct concepts, mootness and
standing, neither of which is applicable.
        {¶ 55} An issue is moot “when it has no practical significance and, instead,
presents a hypothetical or academic question.” State v. Moore, 4th Dist. Adams
No. 13CA987, 2015-Ohio-2090, ¶ 7; Brenneman Bros. v. Allen Cty. Commrs., 3d
Dist. Allen No. 1-14-15, 2015-Ohio-148, ¶ 40, fn. 2. The issues raised in Ford’s
complaint are not moot. Judge Ruehlman continues to exercise jurisdiction over
the Hamilton County case. More importantly, his restraining order in that case
remains in force and effect, or at least it will if this court vacates its stay. And
because the restraining order expressly binds all agents and attorneys who might
act on behalf of the Abbott plaintiffs, Ford remains subject to its terms,
notwithstanding her dismissal as a named defendant.
        {¶ 56} Standing, on the other hand, “refers to whether a party has a
sufficient stake in an otherwise justiciable controversy to obtain judicial resolution
of that controversy.” Davet v. Sheehan, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101452, 2014-
Ohio-5694, ¶ 22. Ford has a personal stake in the underlying matter because, as
plaintiffs’ counsel in Abbott, she is entitled to a percentage of any sums recovered.
Judge Ruehlman’s freeze on collection efforts directly affects Ford’s pecuniary
interests.
        {¶ 57} The argument in the suggestion of mootness, which Chesley and
WSBC elsewhere join, is a variation on standing. They assert that a relator seeking
a writ of prohibition must be a party to the underlying litigation. But we have never
held that a writ of prohibition is available only to the actual parties in the case the
writ would halt. To the contrary, we have permitted nonparties to vindicate their
interests when judges act in the absence of jurisdiction. See State ex rel. Plain
Dealer Publishing Co. v. Floyd, 111 Ohio St.3d 56, 2006-Ohio-4437, 855 N.E.2d

                                            21
                              SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

35, ¶ 26 (nonparty members of the press and public have standing to seek a writ of
prohibition to secure access to a closed courtroom).
       {¶ 58} The parties have not filed a formal motion to dismiss based on
mootness, but we nonetheless make clear that we do not regard the case as moot.
And because the case is not moot, we deny Ford’s motion to join Linda Brumley
as a relator. Ford cited Civ.R. 19(A)(2), which mandates joinder of a party if that
person “claims an interest relating to the subject of the action and is so situated that
the disposition of the action in his absence may (a) as a practical matter impair or
impede his ability to protect that interest * * *.” Ford sought to join Brumley, one
of the judgment creditors, in order to avoid a mootness determination. According
to the service certificate, the motion was not served upon her.
        {¶ 59} We deny the motion because Ford will sufficiently protect
Brumley’s interests, so it is unnecessary to join her as a party. See Williamsburg
Assn. v. Robert C. Verbon, Inc., 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-00-061, 2001 WL
1517855 (Nov. 30, 2001). Moreover, Brumley did not “claim an interest” she
wished to protect by seeking to intervene in the underlying action or in this case.
Hartley v. Berlin-Milan Local School Dist., 69 Ohio St.2d 415, 418, 433 N.E.2d
171 (1982), fn. 6.
        The Motions for Judgment on the Pleadings
        {¶ 60} Judge Ruehlman and intervenors have filed motions for judgment on
the pleadings on various grounds. We deny both motions.
        {¶ 61} There are three elements necessary for a writ of prohibition to issue:
the exercise of judicial power, the lack of authority for the exercise of that power,
and the lack of an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law. State ex rel.
Elder v. Camplese, 144 Ohio St.3d 89, 2015-Ohio-3628, 40 N.E.3d 1138, ¶ 13;
State ex rel. Vanni v. McMonagle, 137 Ohio St.3d 568, 2013-Ohio-5187, 2 N.E.3d
243, ¶ 6. With respect to the first element, there is no dispute that Judge Ruehlman

                                          22
                                January Term, 2016

has exercised judicial power and continues to do so in Chesley’s suit against the
Abbott creditors.
       {¶ 62} The issue raised by the Civ.R. 12(C) motions is whether Ford can
meet the second requirement for prohibition: showing that the exercise of that
judicial power is unauthorized by law. Id. If the absence of jurisdiction is patent
and unambiguous, then Ford need not establish the third prong, the lack of an
adequate remedy at law. State ex rel. Sapp v. Franklin Cty. Court of Appeals, 118
Ohio St.3d 368, 2008-Ohio-2637, 889 N.E.2d 500, ¶ 15.
       {¶ 63} For the following reasons, we hold that Judge Ruehlman patently
and unambiguously lacks jurisdiction over both Chesley’s complaint and WSBC’s
complaint.
       Chesley’s complaint
       {¶ 64} Chesley’s complaint seeks declaratory and injunctive relief that
Judge Ruehlman has no legal authority to provide. Ohio has adopted the Uniform
Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act, R.C. 2329.021 et seq. The purpose of the
act is to give full faith and credit to foreign judgments as required by Article IV,
Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution. Appel v. Berger, 149 Ohio App.3d 486, 2002-
Ohio-4853, 778 N.E.2d 59, ¶ 19 (10th Dist.). The act sets forth the procedure for
domesticating foreign judgments, i.e., filing the judgment in Ohio to ensure its
recognition and enforcement.
       {¶ 65} The first step in the process is to file a properly authenticated copy
of the judgment with the clerk of any common pleas court. R.C. 2329.022. Along
with the foreign judgment, the creditor or the creditor’s attorney must file with the
clerk an affidavit setting forth the name and last known address of the judgment
debtor and the judgment creditor. R.C. 2329.023(A). In addition, the judgment
creditor or his or her attorney must file a praecipe instructing the clerk to issue a
notice of the filing to the judgment debtor, which notice must include the name and
address of the judgment creditor and the name and address of the creditor’s attorney

                                         23
                              SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

in Ohio, if any. R.C. 2329.023(B). Finally, the law forbids execution or other
enforcement of the foreign judgment until 30 days after the date of filing. R.C.
2329.023(C).
        {¶ 66} Chesley’s complaint asked the court to impose conditions on Ford,
as attorney for the judgment creditors, for domesticating the Kentucky judgment
that far exceed the statutory requirements. The Ohio Enforcement of Foreign
Judgments Act does not require judgment creditors to calculate and disclose their
respective shares of the judgment, detail the amounts and dates on which they
recovered money from other sources, or disclose the amount of money retained by
their attorney.    But Chesley requested all these disclosures and more as a
precondition to allowing Ford and her clients to even file their judgment in Ohio.
And whereas the act provides a 30-day grace period after the foreign judgment is
filed, Chesley demanded a 90-day halt to collection efforts after all these reports
were provided. There is no statutory authority for any of this relief.
        {¶ 67} Despite his patent lack of authority, Judge Ruehlman granted this
relief and more. Whereas Chesley sought to impose preconditions on the filing of
the foreign judgment, Judge Ruehlman’s preliminary injunction order barred Ford
and the creditors from filing the judgment in Ohio altogether, with no mention at
all of any conditions that, if satisfied, would lift the prohibition.
        {¶ 68} We see no basis whatsoever for Judge Ruehlman’s assertion of
jurisdiction to inject himself into the collection process. A common pleas court has
jurisdiction over a foreign judgment “once that judgment is filed in accordance with
R.C. 2329.022.” Doser v. Savage Mfg. & Sales, Inc., 54 Ohio App.3d 22, 560
N.E.2d 782 (8th Dist.1988), syllabus. But the Abbott creditors had not yet filed the
judgment in Ohio; in fact, they were forbidden to do so by Judge Ruehlman. And
now that this court has stayed Judge Ruelhman’s order, the claimants have
domesticated their judgment and the case has been assigned to Judge Martin.

                                           24
                                January Term, 2016

       {¶ 69} But even if a common pleas court has general jurisdiction over a
case, a writ of prohibition will issue when the court seeks to take an action or
provide a remedy that exceeds its statutory authority. See State ex rel. Mason v.
Griffin, 104 Ohio St.3d 279, 2004-Ohio-6384, 819 N.E.2d 644, ¶ 12-16 (court had
general jurisdiction over criminal case, but writ of prohibition granted because
judge patently and unambiguously lacked statutory or constitutional authority to
hold a jury-sentencing hearing in the case); State ex rel. Triplett v. Ross, 111 Ohio
St.3d 231, 2006-Ohio-4705, 855 N.E.2d 1174, ¶ 50 (municipal court had no
statutory authority to require certain attorneys to declare their nonsupport of
terrorist groups as a precondition for court appointments); State ex rel. Adams v.
Gusweiler, 30 Ohio St.2d 326, 328-329, 285 N.E.2d 22 (1972) (common pleas court
had no statutory authority to appoint a second arbitrator).
       {¶ 70} Ford is entitled to a writ of prohibition to prevent the unauthorized
exercise of judicial power over Chesley’s complaint and to undo the orders
previously entered.
       The WSBC complaint
       {¶ 71} WSBC’s complaint seeks six specific forms of relief, designated as
Paragraphs A through F. Most of the affirmative relief sought by WSBC consists
of orders to control the collection proceedings, and the remaining requests exceed
the authority of the court.
       {¶ 72} In Paragraph D, for example, WSBC seeks an injunction to prevent
Ford and the Abbott creditors from “obtaining any confidential, financial,
propitiatory [sic] or other information regarding WSBC from Mr. Chesley, Rehme
or any other party.” The proposed injunction, it seems, is a stay of enforcement of
the Abbott judgment, albeit by another name, and is improper because, as discussed
above, Judge Ruehlman had no statutory authority to control collection proceedings
before the Abbott creditors domesticated their judgment under R.C. 2329.022.

                                         25
                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

         {¶ 73} The same objection applies to Paragraphs B and C of the prayer for
relief, which seek a declaratory judgment that WSBC and Chesley are “separate
and distinct entities,” that WSBC is not liable for Chesley’s debts, including the
Abbott judgment, and that the Abbott creditors have no right to seize WSBC assets.
And the same problem affects the first portion of Paragraph F, seeking a declaration
of WSBC’s rights and responsibilities under the Kentucky order requiring the
transfer of Chesley’s beneficial interest in WSBC to the Abbott plaintiffs.
         {¶ 74} At first glance, these might appear to be within Judge Ruehlman’s
jurisdiction to grant declaratory judgment under R.C. 2721.02.           But while
“declaratory judgment statutes provide an additional remedy which may be granted
by a court * * * they do not extend the jurisdiction as to the subject matter upon
which a court may act.” State ex rel. Foreman v. Bellefontaine Mun. Court, 12
Ohio St.2d 26, 28, 231 N.E.2d 70 (1967). For this reason, a common pleas court
cannot use the declaratory-judgment statute to decide matters over which it
otherwise has no jurisdiction. Makowski v. Limbach, 47 Ohio App.3d 129, 130,
547 N.E.2d 1011 (10th Dist.1988).
         {¶ 75} In its complaint, WSBC alleges that a dispute exists between itself
and the Abbott claimants as to the proper court and venue for determining the
claimants’ rights to obtain WSBC documents and information to aid in collection.
To resolve that dispute, WSBC requests a “determination” that Judge Ruehlman
has exclusive jurisdiction to decide all such issues. And in Paragraph D, WSBC
seeks a declaration that any attempt to obtain “confidential, financial, propitiatory
[sic] or other information regarding WSBC from Mr. Chesley, Rehme, or any other
party” can only be conducted in the case before Judge Ruehlman. Here again,
WSBC is attempting to use declaratory judgment to expand the jurisdiction of the
court.
         {¶ 76} The effort to vest Judge Ruehlman with exclusive jurisdiction is an
improper use of declaratory judgment for a second reason. To be proper, a

                                         26
                                January Term, 2016

declaratory-judgment action must, among other things, be within the scope of the
Declaratory Judgment Act. Freedom Rd. Found. v. Ohio Dept. of Liquor Control,
80 Ohio St.3d 202, 204, 685 N.E.2d 522 (1997). A request for a declaration of
venue is not within the scope of the statute. Galloway v. Horkulic, 7th Dist.
Jefferson No. 02 JE 52, 2003-Ohio-5145, ¶ 27-28 (declaratory-judgment
proceedings not available to determine whether a case was properly venued in Ohio
or West Virginia).
       {¶ 77} Finally, WSBC seeks relief in Paragraphs E and F, and it is these
paragraphs that distinguish the WSBC complaint from the Chesley complaint. The
former seeks relief against (or on behalf of) Thomas Rehme, the WSBC trustee.
Specifically, WSBC demands:
           (1) An order “directing Rehme to decline and reject any request from
  Mr. Chesley for WSBC’s financial records to the extent such request emanates
  from a discovery request directed to Mr. Chesley in Kentucky,” and
           (2) An order “directing and determining” Rehme’s duties and
  responsibilities under the order requiring transfer of Chesley’s beneficial interest
  in WSBC and in response to any instructions he may receive from Chesley
  pursuant to orders from the Kentucky court.
       {¶ 78} Judge Ruehlman lacks jurisdiction over these claims because Rehme
is not a party to the case. A party’s failure to join an interested and necessary party
is a jurisdictional defect and warrants relief in prohibition. State ex rel. Doe v.
Capper, 132 Ohio St.3d 365, 2012-Ohio-2686, 972 N.E.2d 553, ¶ 15, 18 (writ of
prohibition issued due to absence of an interested and necessary party), citing
Portage Cty. Bd. of Commrs. v. Akron, 109 Ohio St.3d 106, 2006-Ohio-954, 846
N.E.2d 478, ¶ 99 (“A party’s failure to join an interested and necessary party
constitutes a jurisdictional defect that precludes the court from rendering a
declaratory judgment”) and Zanesville v. Zanesville Canal & Mfg. Co., 159 Ohio

                                          27
                                SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

St. 203, 209, 111 N.E.2d 922 (1953) (“in an action for a declaratory judgment the
presence of necessary parties is jurisdictional”).4
        {¶ 79} WSBC and Chesley argue that relator’s complaint raises issues of
justiciability, not subject-matter jurisdiction, and that prohibition is an
inappropriate remedy for a trial court’s erroneous determination of justiciability.
We need not reach that question, however. We have already concluded that Judge
Ruehlman’s attempts to control collection proceedings before the judgment had
been domesticated exceeded the scope of his statutory authority under R.C.
2329.021 et seq. Because that conclusion compels prohibition, we need not address
the justiciability arguments raised by WSBC and Chesley. See, e.g., Pixley v. Pro-
Pak Indus., Inc., 142 Ohio St.3d 203, 2014-Ohio-5460, 28 N.E.3d 1249, ¶ 15
(declining to address first proposition of law when second proposition was
dispositive).
        {¶ 80} In summary, we hold that Judge Ruehlman has no legal authority to
ignore the requirements of the Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act, as
the complaints ask him to do. We therefore deny the motions for judgment on the
pleadings filed by Chesley and WSBC.
        {¶ 81} Instead, we issue a peremptory writ of prohibition. State ex rel. Kim
v. Wachenschwanz, 93 Ohio St.3d 586, 588, 757 N.E.2d 367 (2001) (where it
appears beyond doubt that relator is entitled to the requested extraordinary relief, a
peremptory writ should issue). We further order Judge Ruehlman to vacate his
orders. State ex rel. Jackson v. Miller, 83 Ohio St.3d 541, 542, 700 N.E.2d 1273
(1998) (where a court patently and unambiguously lacks jurisdiction over the
cause, prohibition will lie not only to prevent the future unauthorized exercise of
jurisdiction but also to correct the results of previous jurisdictionally unauthorized

4
  Nor could WSBC cure this jurisdictional defect by adding Rehme as an adverse party without
conceding that the wind-up agreement, which purported to transfer 100 percent of WSBC’s stock
to Rehme, was, as Judge Schrand asserted, a sham.

                                              28
                                  January Term, 2016

actions). Given these orders, Ford’s motion for an alternative writ and WSBC and
Chesley’s motion to vacate the court’s stay are denied as moot.
          Mandamus
          {¶ 82} Alternatively, Ford seeks a writ of mandamus to compel Judge
Ruehlman to dismiss the Chesley case or recuse himself. The first request actually
seeks relief in prohibition (or injunctive relief, which this court lacks jurisdiction to
grant). And recusal is a matter of judicial discretion that cannot be controlled
through mandamus. State ex rel. Brady v. Russo, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 89552,
2007-Ohio-3277, 2007 WL 1848720, ¶ 22. Therefore, we deny the request for a
writ of mandamus. In this case, the proper remedy may have been an affidavit of
disqualification, which any party, or counsel for a party, has a right to file pursuant
to R.C. 2701.03.
Conclusion
          {¶ 83} For the reasons discussed, we hereby grant the two motions for leave
to file memoranda, deny the motion for joinder, and deny the two motions for
judgment on the pleadings and the motion to dismiss. We grant a peremptory writ
of prohibition and order Judge Ruehlman to vacate his orders. We deny the request
for a writ of mandamus. And we deny the motion for an alternative writ and the
motion to vacate the stay as moot.
                                                                Judgment accordingly.
          O’CONNOR, C.J., and O’DONNELL, LANZINGER, KENNEDY, and FRENCH, JJ.,
concur.
          PFEIFER, J., dissents with an opinion.
          O’NEILL, J., not participating.
                                  _________________
          PFEIFER, J., dissenting.
          {¶ 84} I dissent because there were two more appropriate remedies
available to relator, Angela M. Ford.

                                            29
                               SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

           {¶ 85} First, she could have filed an affidavit of disqualification against
Judge Ruehlman with Chief Justice O’Connor. Second, having failed to do that,
she should have been required to seek a remedy by way of appeal after a final,
appealable order had been rendered.
                                  _________________
           Dinsmore & Shohl, L.L.P., Brian S. Sullivan, and Christen M. Steimle, for
relator.
           Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and James W.
Harper and Michael J. Friedmann, Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys, for respondent.
           Cohen, Todd, Kite & Stanford, L.L.C., and Donald J. Rafferty; and Zeiger,
Tigges & Little, L.L.P., and John W. Zeiger and Marion H. Little Jr., for intervenor
Waite, Schneider, Bayless & Chesley Co., L.P.A.
           Frost Brown Todd, L.L.C., and Vincent E. Mauer, for intervenor Stanley
M. Chesley.
                                  _________________

                                           30