Court Opinion

ID: 4583007
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-02 22:00:25.465661+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:47:24.689119
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                               NOV 2 2020
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                        No.   19-30221

              Plaintiff-Appellee,                D.C. No. 3:17-cr-00386-SI-1

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
ADAN TORRES-NIEVES **

              Defendant-Appellant.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Oregon
                    Michael H. Simon, District Judge, Presiding

                           Submitted October 29, 2020***
                                 Portland, Oregon

Before: TASHIMA, GRABER, and IKUTA, Circuit Judges.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
            Appellant states the correct spelling of his name is Torres-Nieves, not
Torres-Nievez, the spelling used by the government and district court.
      ***
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      Torres-Nieves appeals the district court’s denial of his motion to suppress

and its determination that the government did not breach the plea agreement when

it argued for an application of the firearm enhancement. We have jurisdiction

under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      The district court did not err in denying Torres-Nieves’s motion to suppress

the statements he made after he was transported to the police station.

Torres-Nieves does not challenge the district court’s findings that, after the police

first stopped him, he was read his Miranda rights, he understood his rights, and he

did not ask for counsel. Because defendants who have been informed of their

Miranda rights may waive those rights without making “an explicit statement of

waiver” if they respond to questioning, North Carolina v. Butler, 441 U.S. 369,

375–76 (1979); accord United States v. Younger, 398 F.3d 1179, 1185–86 (9th Cir.

2005), Torres-Nieves waived his Miranda rights by making statements during the

subsequent interview at the police station. Because it is undisputed that Torres-

Nieves understood his rights, Torres-Nieves’s waiver was knowing, intelligent, and

voluntary. See United States v. Cazares, 121 F.3d 1241, 1244 (9th Cir. 1997).

      The district court did not err in concluding that the plea agreement did not

bar the government from arguing for a two-level upward adjustment to the

sentencing guidelines, under U.S. Sent’g Guidelines Manual § 2D1.1(b)(1), for

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Torres-Nieves’s possession of a firearm. Because paragraphs 11 and 14 of the plea

agreement (stating that “[t]he parties have no agreement” as to whether the

enhancement applies and that the government agrees not to seek any upward

adjustment “except as specified” in the plea agreement) were ambiguous, the

district court did not err in considering extrinsic evidence and concluding that the

communication between the parties during plea negotiation, showed that the parties

reasonably understood that once the plea agreement was accepted, the government

could argue for (and Torres-Nieves could argue against) the application of the

firearm enhancement. See United States v. Clark, 218 F.3d 1092, 1095–96 (9th

Cir. 2000); see also United States v. De la Fuente, 8 F.3d 1333, 1338–40 (9th Cir.

1993).

      AFFIRMED

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