Court Opinion

ID: 9630821
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-22 10:21:51.855609+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:46:07.967068
License: Public Domain

GOULD, Circuit Judge,
dissenting in part:
Because there was no “policy statement, ordinance, regulation, or decision officially adopted and promulgated” by the City of Gilroy to enforce the dress code at issue, the city is not liable under Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658, 690-91, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978). Accordingly, I agree with much of the substance of the majority’s presentation in Part IV of the majority opinion. Stated another way, I agree with the majority’s Monell analysis, except for footnote 5 and the sentence reciting “[bjecause there is no constitutional violation, there can be no municipal liability.”
Because I conclude that there is an issue of fact as to whether the Gilroy Garlic Festival Association and the City of Gilroy engaged in joint action sufficient to render the festival a state actor, I join Part I of Judge Thomas’s dissent. If this fact issue is decided favorably to appellants, then there is the distinct possibility of constitutional violation, but that issue cannot correctly be reached on the current record.