Court Opinion

ID: 9956975
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-03 15:03:56.983471+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:18:01.752948
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

WILD MEADOWS MHC, LLC,     )
                           )
                Appellant, )
                           )
        v.                 )                C.A. No.: K22A-05-002 RLG
                           )
WILD MEADOWS               )
HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION, )
INC.,                      )
                           )
                Appellee. )

                 MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

                          Submitted: January 8, 2024
                            Decided: April 2, 2024

Upon Appeal from a Final Decision and Order of the Arbitrator – AFFIRMED.

Anthony V. Panicola, Esquire, Community Legal Aid Society, Inc., Dover,
Delaware, Attorney for Appellant.

Robert J. Valihura, Esquire, Morton, Valihura & Zerbato, LLC, Greenville,
Delaware, Attorney for Appellee.

GREEN-STREETT, J.
                                        1
I.         Introduction

           The instant appeal stems from a dispute between the owner of a manufactured

home community, Wild Meadows MHC, LLC (the “Landowner”), and an

association representing the affected homeowners of that community, Wild

Meadows Homeowners Association, Inc. (the “HOA”). Landowner sought an

above-inflation rent increase under the Rent Justification Act,1 the HOA objected on

behalf of certain homeowners, and the parties proceeded to arbitration.

           The Arbitrator issued his Arbitration Decision (the “Decision”), finding that

Landowner met the statutory requirements of 25 Del. C. § 7052 to justify an above-

inflation rent increase.2 The Arbitrator then examined the proposed rent increase

amount, and determined that Landowner sought a disproportionate amount of

increased rent from the affected homeowners.3 Accordingly, the Arbitrator denied a

portion of Landowner’s proposed above-inflation rent increase.4             Landowner

appealed to this Court, arguing that the Arbitrator exceeded the scope of his role

1
    25 Del. C. § 7050 et seq.
2
    See generally, Decision, Apr. 18, 2022.
3
    Id. at 4.
4
    Id. at 4-5.

                                              2
under 25 Del. C. § 7053.5              For the reasons set forth below, the Decision is

AFFIRMED.

II.        Factual and Procedural Background

           A.    The Community and Its Improvement

           Wild Meadows is a housing community in Kent County, Delaware.6 The

community contains 223 lots for rent by owners of manufactured homes.7

Landowner purchased the Wild Meadows community in October 2017.8

           Landowner spent $14,794.00 to install light fixtures around the Wild

Meadows community club house in July of 2020.9 Landowner, seeking to recoup

its expenditure, sought an above CPI-U10 rent increase for the year 2021.11 As

required by 25 Del. C. § 7052, Landowner sent notice to the affected homeowners

and held a formal meeting to discuss the proposed rent increase. 12 Following that

5
    Appellant’s Opening Br. at 2.
6
    Id. at 3.
7
    Appellee’s Reply Br. at 1.
8
    Id.
9
    Decision at 2.
10
  The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers in the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic
City area.
11
     Appellant’s Opening Br. at 3-4.
12
     Id. at 4.

                                                3
meeting, the HOA objected to the rent increase and filed for arbitration under 25 Del.

C. § 7053.13          The parties proceeded to arbitration, which included extensive

discovery and a two-day hearing.14

           B.      The Arbitration Decision

           The Arbitrator issued his Decision on April 18, 2022.15 He found that

Landowner’s expenditure – the $14,794.00 – directly related to the operation,

maintenance, or improvement of the manufactured home community.16                 The

Arbitrator further found that the expenditure constituted a capital improvement.17

As neither party contended that Landowner violated any health or safety

requirements, the Arbitrator concluded that “the initial terms and requirements of the

Rent Justification Act were met.”18 The Arbitrator determined that Landowner’s

expenditure did not lower its costs to offset the expenditure.19 Thus, Landowner

13
     Id. at 5.
14
     Id. at 6.
15
     Decision at 1.
16
     Id. at 2.
17
     Id.
18
     Id.
19
     Id. at 3-4.

                                              4
could “recoup its $14,794.00 through a rent increase above CPI-U, but no more.”20

This portion of the Decision has not been disputed by either party.

           The Arbitrator continued his analysis by considering “which homeowners

[bore] the brunt of the capital improvement cost.”21 He noted that, when Landowner

notified the homeowners of the potential rent increase, Landowner offered an

extended lease option to all homeowners.22 Homeowners who accepted the extended

lease “would be excluded from the rent increase for capital improvements.”23 58

homeowners objected to the rent increase. Those 58 homeowners exercised their

right to arbitration, represented by the HOA.24 Landowner sought to recover its

expenditure from a rent increase affecting solely those 58 homeowners.25

           The Arbitrator deemed that proposal unfair to the 58 homeowners. He

reasoned that a rent increase, stemming from a capital expenditure that benefitted all

homeowners – but affected only the homeowners who declined to enter into an

extended lease – violated “the spirit of the statute.”26 The Arbitrator posited that, if

20
     Id.
21
     Id. at 4.
22
     Id.
23
     Id.
24
     Id.
25
     Id.
26
     Id.
                                           5
only one homeowner had objected, Landowner would “surely not” be authorized to

pass the entire cost of the expenditure through to that single homeowner.27 Thus, he

concluded that the rent increase must be based on each homeowner’s proportional

share of the expenditure inclusive of all homeowners, not just the 58 that objected.28

           Factoring in the homeowners who signed lease extensions, the Arbitrator

noted the potentially problematic effect of the terms of the lease extensions. The

Arbitrator found that the extended lease terms likely obviated those homeowners

proportional responsibility for the expenditures.29 Accordingly, he decided that

Landowner could recoup only the portion of the expenditure attributable to the

homeowners who did not extend their lease under the terms that insulated them from

the rent increase.30

           C.      The Instant Appeal

           Landowner appeals that decision, arguing that the Arbitrator’s determination

that the expenditure be divided among all homeowners, not just the 58 objectors,

constituted legal error.31 Landowner asserts that the Arbitrator’s analysis relied on

27
     Id.
28
     Id.
29
     Id.
30
     Id. at 4-5.
31
     Appellant’s Opening Br. at 2.

                                             6
“some inherent discretion found nowhere” in any statute.32 Further, Landowner

contends that § 7053 required the Arbitrator to grant Landowner’s proposed rent

increase once Landowner demonstrated its compliance with § 7052.33

           The HOA urges this Court to affirm the Decision, advancing the same logic

employed by the Arbitrator.           The HOA cites Rehoboth Bay Homeowners’

Association v. Hometown Rehoboth Bay34 in support of its contention that the 58

affected homeowners can only be required to pay their proportionate share of the

expenditure.35 The HOA further asserts that the Arbitrator’s decision did not

exercise any authority over the nonparties to the arbitration, but rather determined

the parameters by which the rent increase should be calculated and implemented.36

III.       Standard of Review

           “When reviewing an arbitrator’s decision, the Court must independently

determine (1) whether the record created in the arbitration is sufficient justification

for the arbitrator’s decision, and (2) whether the arbitrator’s decisions are free from

32
     Id. at 8.
33
     Id. at 12.
34
     252 A.3d 434, 437 (Del. 2021).
35
     Appellee’s Answering Br. at 8.
36
     Id. at 15.

                                           7
legal error.”37 A “substantial evidence review is the appropriate standard of review

for the arbitrator’s factual findings.”38 The Court limits its review to a determination

of whether the arbitrator’s decision is supported by substantial evidence and free

from legal error.39      “Substantial evidence means such relevant evidence as a

reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.”40 “Issues of

statutory construction and interpretation are reviewed de novo.”41

III.     Discussion

         Unlike many of the prior cases arguing the application of § 7052, the parties

do not dispute that Landowner successfully justified a rent increase. The sole issue

before the Court in this appeal concerns the Arbitrator granting a rent increase for

less than the amount proposed by Landowner. Rather than dividing the expenditure

amount, $14,794.00, amongst the 58 affected homeowners, the Arbitrator

determined the rent increase should be limited to each homeowner’s proportionate

37
  Ridgewood Manor MHC, LLC v. Ridgewood Manor HOA, 2023 WL 4363899, at *3 (Del.
Super. July 3, 2023) (citing 25 Del. C. § 7054).

38
  Sandhill Acres MHC, LC v. Sandhill Acres Home Owners Ass’n, 210 A.3d 725, 731 n.37 (Del.
2019).
39
     Ridgewood, 2023 WL 4363899, at *3.

40
  Dec. Corp. v. Wild Meadows Home Owners Ass’n, 2016 WL 3866272, at *4 (Del. Super. July
12, 2016), abrogated by Rehoboth Bay Homeowners’ Ass’n v. Hometown Rehoboth Bay, LLC,
252 A.3d 434 (Del. 2021).
41
  Ridgewood, 2023 WL 4363899, at *3, (citing Bon Ayre Land, LLC v. Bon Ayre Cmty. Ass’n,
149 A.3d 227, 233 (Del. 2016).
                                            8
amount of the expenditure.42 Although the Arbitrator noted there were 233 lots

within the Wild Meadows community, he left it to the parties to calculate a rent

increase consistent with his Decision.43

           A.     The rent increase must be proportionate

           Delaware decisional law supports the Arbitrator’s determination. In Rehoboth

Bay Homeowners’ Association, the Delaware Supreme Court found that a rent

increase justified by a capital improvement cannot exceed “that lot’s full,

proportionate share of those costs in those years.”44 There, the community owner

sought to continue a rent increase as part of the base rent amount for each affected

lot for subsequent years.45 The Delaware Supreme Court, relying on its prior

pronouncement in Bon Ayre Land, LLC, articulated “that the [Rent Justification] Act

is effectively a rent control statute.”46 It held that “[c]onstruing the Act to allow a

community owner to recover the cost of a one-time capital improvement year-after-

year, even after fully recovering that cost in year one, conflicts with the Act’s stated

42
     Decision at 4.
43
     Id. at 5.
44
     252 A.3d 434, 437 (Del. 2021).
45
     Id. at 442-43.
46
     Id. at 443 (internal quotations omitted) (citing Bon Ayre Land, LLC, 149 A.3d at 234).

                                                  9
purpose and with our reasoning in Bon Ayre.”47 That holding crystalized the concept

that the Rent Justification Act intends to prevent rent increases that “become [ ]

unrelated to the benefits and costs of living in the community.”48

           In the instant case, Landowner seeks to burden the 58 affected homeowners

with the entirety of its expenditure, despite that expenditure presumably benefitting

every homeowner within Wild Meadows. Allowing that narrow interpretation would

run contrary to the intention of the Rent Justification Act, as well as the Delaware

Supreme Court cases that interpret it. As the Arbitrator correctly pointed out, such

a ruling would permit a community owner to subject the objecting homeowners to a

disproportionate rent increase.49        Apportioned amongst a large number of

homeowners that increase may not appear problematic. The fewer homeowners that

object, however, the more punitive that rent increase becomes. In effect, this

interpretation would allow the community owner to coerce homeowners into

unfavorable lease extensions to avoid risking disproportionate rent increases. That

type of negotiation imbalance belies the spirit of the Rent Justification Act.

           Landowner argues that the Arbitrator impermissibly exercised authority over

the “other 165 homeowners who [were] not parties to this action” by requiring the

47
     Id. at 444.
48
     Id.
49
     Decision at 4.

                                            10
cost of the expenditure be divided proportionally across every lot.50 The Arbitrator,

however, specifically noted that those homeowners who entered into long-term

leases with Landowner were likely exempt from the rent increase contemplated by

the Decision.51 The Arbitrator did not require Landowner to raise the rent of the

non-party homeowners. He simply determined that Landowner could not force the

58 objecting homeowners to pay the entirety of an expenditure that benefitted the

entire community.52

           B.    The Arbitrator did not commit legal error by lowering the rent
                 increase

           Landowner further contends that the Arbitrator did not have the authority to

alter the proposed rent increase once he determined Landowner complied with the

requirements of § 7052.53 As the Arbitrator found that Landowner could “recoup its

$14,794.00 through a rent increase,”54 Landowner posits that the rent increase it

proposed had to be accepted because § 7053 does not expressly authorize the

50
     Appellant’s Opening Br. at 2.
51
     Decision at 4.
52
     Id.
53
     Appellant’s Opening Br. at 11.
54
     Decision at 4.

                                            11
Arbitrator to decrease the amount of the proposed rent increase.55 Again, Delaware

decisional law supports the Arbitrator’s decision.

           In Shady Park Homeowners’ Association, Inc. v. Shady Park MHC, LLC, the

arbitrator found an above-inflation rent increase justified.56               The Shady Park

arbitrator found that fairness required an adjustment to the proposed rent increase.57

The solution employed by the arbitrator involved setting a schedule of rent increases,

allowing the community owner to reach market rent over time.58 This Court upheld

that solution, finding substantial evidence existed to support the arbitrator’s finding

that “it was necessary to adjust the rental increase [to which] the Owner was entitled

to ensure the balancing of unequal bargaining power.”59

           Here, the Arbitrator found that Landowner could raise rent above inflation to

recoup its capital expenditure. The Arbitrator then required that increase to be

proportional, instead of only 58 homeowners “[bearing] the brunt of that capital

55
   Appellant’s Opening Br. at 12 (“The Court can reject this argument out of hand because
[Landowner] fully complied with the Act’s requirements to entitle it to an above-inflation rent
increase in the amount it sought.”).
56
     2023 WL 2366643, at *7 (Del. Super. Mar. 3, 2023), aff’d, 308 A.3d 168 (Del. 2023).
57
     Id.
58
     Id.
59
     Id.

                                                12
improvement cost.”60 The Court finds that adjustment supported by substantial

evidence and necessary “to ensure the balancing of unequal bargaining power.”61.

           C.    The Arbitrator did not impose an unauthorized obligation on
                 Landowner

           Landowner’s final argument, derived from Sandhill Acres, asserts that

“neither an arbitrator nor this Court may impose a requirement on the community

owner that the statute does not contain.”62 Landowner contends that the Court

cannot require Landowner to apply the rent increase to all owners because that

“obligation is not contained in the act.”63 In Sandhill Acres, the Delaware Supreme

Court found that this Court could not impose an obligation on a community owner

not enumerated by the statute.64

           This Court, in affirming the Arbitrator’s Decision, does not require

Landowner to further justify its entitlement to a rent increase nor does it impose any

further obligation on Landowner. Rather, the Arbitrator’s decision – and this Court’s

affirmation – limit the proportional impact of the Landowner’s rent increase on the

60
     Decision at 4.
61
     Shady Park Homeowners’ Ass’n, 2023 WL 2366643, at *7.
62
  Appellant’s Reply Br. at 7-8 (internal quotations omitted) (citing Sandhill Acres, 210 A.3d at
729).
63
     Id. at 8.
64
     Sandhill Acres, 210 A.3d at 729.

                                              13
58 objecting homeowners. “The justification process outlined by the act – and

clarified by the Delaware Supreme Court – was intended to be moderate, equitable,

and balanced.”65 The Rent Justification Act does not permit community owners to

force homeowners objecting to a rent increase to pay more than their proportionate

share of a capital expenditure.66 As no additional requirement has been improperly

placed on Landowner, its argument based on Sandhill Acres fails.

IV.       Conclusion

          The Arbitrator’s Decision correctly followed the legal framework outlined by

the Rent Justification Act, as well as the cases that interpret that act. He determined

that each homeowner’s rent increase be proportionate to her portion of Landowner’s

capital expenditure. That decision stands free of legal error, and is supported by

substantial evidence. Accordingly, the Arbitrator’s decision is AFFIRMED.

          IT IS SO ORDERED.

65
     Ridgewood Manor MHC, LLC, 2023 WL 4363899, at *4.
66
     See generally 25 Del. C. § 7050 et seq.

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