Court Opinion

ID: 9362937
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-01-13 15:09:16.282536+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:15:26.540700
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: JANUARY 6, 2023; 10:00 A.M.
                         NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                  Commonwealth of Kentucky
                             Court of Appeals

                                NO. 2021-CA-0392-MR

BRYAN FAIR AND TERESA FAIR                                                APPELLANTS

                   APPEAL FROM FAYETTE CIRCUIT COURT
v.                 HONORABLE THOMAS L. TRAVIS, JUDGE
                          ACTION NO. 17-CI-01714

SAINT JOSEPH HEALTH SYSTEM,
INC.; KENTUCKY CARDIOLOGY,
PLLC; AND MUBASHIR QAZI, M.D.                                               APPELLEES

                                       OPINION
                                      AFFIRMING

                                     ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: JONES, LAMBERT, AND K. THOMPSON,1 JUDGES.

THOMPSON, K., JUDGE: Bryan and Teresa Fair appeal an order of the Fayette

Circuit Court dismissing Bryan’s medical malpractice claim and Teresa’s loss of

consortium claim against Saint Joseph Health System, Inc. (SJHS). We affirm

1
 Judge Kelly Thompson authored this Opinion before his tenure with the Kentucky Court of
Appeals expired on December 31, 2022. Release of this Opinion was delayed by administrative
handling.
because the Fairs cannot establish that the treating physician who allegedly

committed medical malpractice against Bryan was either employed by, or was an

apparent or ostensible agent of, SJHS. Therefore, the Fairs cannot properly pursue

their negligence and vicarious liability claims against SJHS on such a basis and,

because there is no valid underlying cause of action against SJHS, any spoilation

of its records does not provide a basis for retaining SJHS as a party.

             On October 18, 2016, Bryan underwent a cardiac catheterization. The

procedure was performed by Mubashir Qazi, M.D., at St. Joseph East Hospital,

which is part of SJHS. Bryan’s aortic valve was dissected during the procedure.

After spending several hours in the intensive care unit, Bryan was transported to

another hospital within the SJHS network where he underwent an operation to

repair the dissection.

             The Fairs filed a medical negligence complaint in the Fayette Circuit

Court in May 2017. In addition to claims against Dr. Qazi and his employer,

Kentucky Cardiology, PLLC, the Fairs also claimed direct negligence and

vicarious liability against SJHS. Discovery ensued. The Fairs disclosed Brian C.

Swirsky, M.D. as their medical expert.

             As discovery was underway, the Fairs motioned the circuit court to

compel SJHS to turn over metadata (i.e., data about other data) related to Bryan’s

chart access log provided to the Fairs in discovery. The Fairs argued they received

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an incomplete audit trail from SJHS. SJHS maintained that it provided all the data

in its possession and asserted the Fairs were on a “fishing expedition.” Eventually,

the circuit court allowed the Fairs to depose three of SJHS’s corporate

representatives regarding its medical record retention policies. Underlying the

prolonged motion practice related to the audit trail was the Fairs’ contention that

Dr. Qazi entered Bryan’s chart on November 1, 2016, after he had been informed

Bryan was seeing another cardiologist. The Fairs insisted Dr. Qazi potentially

made changes to Bryan’s chart. November 1, 2016, is also the date counsel for the

Fairs sent a letter of representation to SJHS. After deposing SJHS’s corporate

representatives, the Fairs disclosed Andrew Garrett, an expert witness related to

computer forensics and e-discovery, to support what they continued to assert was a

lack of metadata from SJHS regarding Bryan’s chart. Garrett did not provide any

medical opinions in his deposition. SJHS motioned the circuit court for summary

judgment after deposing Garrett. After briefing and oral arguments, the circuit

court granted the motion. The Fairs filed a motion to alter, amend, or vacate which

the circuit court denied.2 This appeal followed.

                When a circuit court grants a motion for summary judgment, the

standard of review for the appellate court is de novo because only legal issues are

involved. Hallahan v. The Courier Journal, 138 S.W.3d 699, 705 (Ky.App. 2004).

2
    The Fairs’ claims against Dr. Qazi and Kentucky Cardiology remain ongoing.

                                               -3-
We must consider the evidence of record in the light most favorable to the non-

movant and determine whether the circuit court correctly found there was no

genuine issues as to any material fact and that the moving party was entitled to

judgment as a matter of law. Scifres v. Kraft, 916 S.W.2d 779, 780 (Ky.App.

1996).

             Summary judgment is appropriate where “the pleadings, depositions,

answers to interrogatories, stipulations, and admissions on file, together with the

affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and

that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Kentucky

Rules of Civil Procedure (CR) 56.03. The movant bears the initial burden of

demonstrating that there is no genuine issue of material fact in dispute. The party

opposing the motion then has the burden to present, “at least some affirmative

evidence showing that there is a genuine issue of material fact for trial.” Steelvest,

Inc. v. Scansteel Service Center, Inc., 807 S.W.2d 476, 482 (Ky. 1991). A party

responding to a properly supported summary judgment motion cannot merely rest

on the allegations in his pleadings. Continental Casualty Co. v. Belknap Hardware

& Manufacturing Co., 281 S.W.2d 914 (Ky. 1955).

             On appeal, the Fairs argue the circuit court erred in finding, as a

matter of law, that SJHS is not vicariously liable for the actions of Dr. Qazi and

                                          -4-
that they presented expert proof sufficient to overcome summary judgment. We

disagree.

              In their brief to this Court, the Fairs rely on the principle of ostensible

agency to assert that SJHS is vicariously liable for the actions of Dr. Qazi. The

Fairs argue that SJHS did not provide adequate notice to Bryan to alert him that

Dr. Qazi was in fact an independent contractor through the SJHS hospital

admission form for Bryan’s procedure.3

              “An apparent or ostensible agent is one whom the principal, either

intentionally or by want of ordinary care, induces third persons to believe to be his

agent, although he has not, either expressly or by implication, conferred authority

upon him.” Paintsville Hosp. Co. v. Rose, 683 S.W.2d 255, 257 (Ky. 1985)

(internal quotations and citation omitted). Importantly, “[t]he burden of proving

agency is on the party alleging its existence.” Wright v. Sullivan Payne Co., 839

S.W.2d 250, 253 (Ky. 1992).

              As further explained in Paintsville Hospital Company, the cases apply

the principle of ostensible agency to non-employee physicians “whom share the

common characteristic of being supplied through the hospital rather than being

selected by the patient.” 683 S.W.2d at 257. In these sorts of cases, “[a] general

3
 While the Fairs makes some arguments about the legibility and content of this form, as they
ultimately discuss the efficacy of its contents to immunize SJHS, we do as well.

                                              -5-
representation to the public is implied from the circumstances.” Id. at 256.

Typically, this has resulted from treatment by emergency room physicians. See id.

at 257 (listing cases). However, other staff supplied by a hospital just before

treatment may also be considered ostensible agents of the hospital. See Williams v.

St. Claire Medical Center, 657 S.W.2d 590 (Ky.App. 1983) (involving nurse

anesthetist who interviewed patient in his hospital room prior to the surgery with

this being was first time the patient was introduced to her).

             The problem with the Fairs’ argument, is that under the

circumstances, it was not SJHS’s responsibility to alert them to the fact that Dr.

Qazi was not SJHS’s employee, because they have failed to identify any evidence

which would have allowed the Fairs to reasonably believe him to be SJHS’s

employee based on the circumstances.

             According to Dr. Qazi’s undisputed deposition testimony, Bryan was

a patient of Dr. Qazi and was seen by Dr. Qazi at Kentucky Cardiology in the

months leading up to the cardiac catherization procedure, having been referred to

him by another cardiologist. Dr. Qazi also testified that procedure, which is the

subject of this malpractice action, was also scheduled through Dr. Qazi’s office at

Kentucky Cardiology. So, while the procedure was to be performed at SJHS, the

hospital did not supply Dr. Qazi to Bryan, rather Bryan had already selected Dr.

                                         -6-
Qazi and Dr. Qazi and Bryan had an ongoing established doctor-patient

relationship.

                The only evidence the Fairs point to on appeal as to suggesting that

SJHS held out Dr. Qazi as its employee is the SJHS hospital admission form for

Bryan’s procedure. The first paragraph of the general consent form states in

relevant part that the admitting and treating physician “may or may not be

employed by [SJHS].” Paragraph 7 reads:

                INDEPENDENT STATUS OF PHYSICIANS: I
                recognize that not all Physicians and healthcare providers
                including, but not limited to, Certified Registered Nurse
                Anesthetists, Radiologists, Emergency Room Physicians,
                Anesthesiologists, Physical, Occupational and Speech
                Therapists, residents or medical students (under the
                supervision of Physicians and/or residents) who provide
                Services to me during this admission are employees or
                agents of the Hospital. Such individuals are
                INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS who are granted
                privileges to use the Hospital for private Patients and bill
                separately for their Services. In addition, I understand
                that the Hospital is not responsible for nor does it assume
                any liability for the acts or omissions of any such
                independent contractors.

(Emphasis in original.) This form neither affirms nor refutes that physicians and

staff treating Bryan are hospital employees and makes no representation specific to

Dr. Qazi’s status. We conclude that although this form did not specifically deny

that all physicians were SJHS employees, it was still sufficient to reasonably notify

Bryan that Dr. Qazi should not be assumed to be an employee of SJHS. See Sneed

                                            -7-
v. University of Louisville Hospital, 600 S.W.3d 221, 233 (Ky. 2020) (interpreting

forms which specifically stated that physicians are independent contractors).

             Furthermore, the Fairs have failed to provide any evidence to establish

that SJHS had any intent to deceive Bryan into believing that Dr. Qazi was its

employee or held out Dr. Qazi as his employee. See id. While the Fairs assert that

Dr. Qazi is Chief of Cardiology at St. Joseph East Hospital, they do not claim

Bryan knew or relied on that status (which was in fact not linked to Dr. Qazi being

employed by either St. Joseph East Hospital or SJHS, but to him having privileges

there) in determining to be treated by him. Furthermore, the Fairs have not

intimated that SJHS held Dr. Qazi out as having such a status. Given the

undisputed facts of this case, as a matter of law the Fairs have failed to satisfy their

burden to prove there was any basis to conclude that Dr. Qazi was SJHS’s

ostensible agent, thus allowing liability to flow to SJHS.

             Finally, the Fairs maintain their contention that SJHS failed to produce

a complete audit trail of Bryan’s records. We note that although the Fairs argue

that SJHS had a duty under federal law to maintain Bryan’s records in an accurate

form, the Fairs did not ask to amend their complaint to add a cause of action

against SJHS regarding its breach of such a duty and, thus, this issue must be

analyzed in how it relates to the existing medical malpractice issue. Although

Garrett’s deposition testimony was at odds with the three administrative

                                          -8-
representatives from SJHS regarding records retention, we agree with the circuit

court that spoliation, if it occurred, can appropriately be addressed through our

evidentiary rules and missing evidence instructions. Monsanto Co. v. Reed, 950

S.W.2d 811, 815 (Ky. 1997).

             As explained previously, SJHS cannot be liable based on medical

malpractice by Dr. Qazi. An allegation regarding spoilation cannot function to

save the Fairs’ negligence and vicarious liability claims against SJHS which would

have to be grounded in an underlying medical malpractice of its employees.

However, SJHS cannot be liable Dr. Qazi’s actions as detailed supra and as a

matter of law there is no evidence that its own employees who were involved in

Bryan’s care committed medical malpractice. The Fairs’ medical expert, Dr.

Swirsky, testified at his deposition that he had no criticisms of any SJHS employee

that cared for Bryan and he did not attribute any delay in treatment or any

potentially wrong treatment to any SJHS employee.

             Accordingly, we affirm because the Fayette Circuit Court properly

granted summary judgment in favor of SJHS and dismissed it as a party.

             ALL CONCUR.

                                         -9-
BRIEFS FOR APPELLANTS:        BRIEF FOR APPELLEE SAINT
                              JOSEPH HEALTH SYSTEM, INC.:
Justin S. Peterson
Laraclay Parker               Terri E. Boroughs
Alexandra DeMoss-Campbell     Megan L. Adkins
Lexington, Kentucky           Louisville, Kentucky

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