Court Opinion

ID: 4177163
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-06-13 19:14:54.365043+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:39:00.745561
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

                                NO. 2016-CA-00099-COA

J.F.G. AND C.L.G.                                                           APPELLANTS

v.

PEARL RIVER COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF                                               APPELLEE
HUMAN SERVICES

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                           12/11/2015
TRIAL JUDGE:                                HON. DAWN H. BEAM
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                  PEARL RIVER COUNTY CHANCERY
                                            COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS:                    JAMES L. GRAY
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:                      OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                            BY: STEVEN PATRICK WANSLEY
NATURE OF THE CASE:                         CIVIL - CUSTODY
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:                    TERMINATED APPELLANTS’ PARENTAL
                                            RIGHTS AND AWARDED APPELLEE FULL
                                            CUSTODY OF THE MINOR CHILDREN,
                                            INCLUDING AUTHORITY TO ENTER A
                                            CONSENT FOR ADOPTION
DISPOSITION:                                AFFIRMED - 06/13/2017
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

       BEFORE LEE, C.J., ISHEE AND GREENLEE, JJ.

       GREENLEE, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    This is an appeal from Pearl River County Chancery Court where the chancellor

terminated the parental rights of the appellants. On appeal, the appellants assert that (1) the

chancellor did not find that the grounds for termination of parental rights were established

by clear and convincing evidence, (2) the chancellor did not consider all evidence before her,

and (3) the State did not prove the grounds for termination of parental rights by clear and
convincing evidence. Finding no error, we affirm.

            FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEEDINGS BELOW

¶2.    J.F.G. is the biological mother of the minor children.1 C.L.G. was the legal father of

three, and the biological father of two, of the minor children.2

¶3.    In August 2012, the Pearl River County Department of Human Services (DHS)

received a report of (1) sexual abuse of one of the minor children and (2) drug use by the

mother.3 Per an order from the Pearl River County Youth Court, the minor children were

placed in DHS custody, where they have remained continuously.4 The mother and father were

subsequently arrested for possession of a controlled substance. On November 14, 2012, the

minor children were adjudicated as neglected by the youth court.

¶4.    The mother and father entered into service agreements with DHS in November 2012.

Both failed to successfully complete their respective agreements. The mother failed to (1)

complete drug rehabilitation, (2) maintain sufficient housing, (3) maintain visitation with the

minor children, and (4) complete a psychological exam. She was also arrested in March 2013

       1
        Due to the sensitive nature of this case, we have substituted initials for the minors’
and parents’ names. The minor children are C.A.S., born June 2004; C.T.G., born February
2008; C.M.G., born December 2008; and C.N.G., born December 2010.
       2
        C.L.G. was the legal and natural father of C.M.G. and C.N.G., and the legal father
of C.T.G. The legal father of C.A.S., and the biological father of C.T.G.—a separate person
from the legal father of C.A.S.—were not parties to this appeal.
       3
         Five days prior to the August 2012 report to DHS, the mother admitted to DHS her
use of crystal methamphetamine and nonprescription pain medication.
       4
        This is the second time DHS removed the children from the custody of the mother
and father.

                                              2
for use of crystal methamphetamine. After the March 2013 arrest, she was admitted to the

Mississippi State Hospital at Whitfield and completed a twenty-eight day drug-treatment

program. After completion of the program, DHS and the mother entered into a second service

agreement in May 2013. She failed to complete that agreement when she (1) failed to pay

child support, (2) failed to maintain adequate housing, and (3) admitted to using crystal

methamphetamine again in November 2013. She was arrested again and sentenced to a

program overseen by the drug court.

¶5.    The father failed to (1) complete drug treatment in a reasonable time, (2) maintain

employment and housing, (3) maintain visitation with the minor children, (4) clear pending

legal issues, and (5) complete a psychological exam. He tested positive for

methamphetamine, and was also arrested and incarcerated for possession of a controlled

substance with intent to distribute during this time.

¶6.    On April 30, 2014, following the mother’s and the father’s repeated failures to satisfy

the requirements of the service agreements, the youth court determined that reunification was

no longer in the best interests of the minor children and changed the recommendation of the

permanency plan from reunification to termination. On October 22, 2014, DHS filed a

petition to terminate the parental rights of the mother and father.

¶7.    A one-day trial was held on December 9, 2015. At trial, two DHS social workers

testified, the original social worker assigned to the case during the pertinent events and the

social worker assigned to the case during trial. The original social worker testified to the

above facts regarding the allegations of abuse and neglect, the parents’ service-agreement

                                              3
failures, and the reports of drug use. In recounting forensic interviews conducted between

the minor children and the forensic interviewer, the original social worker also testified that

from 2008 to 2012 while the mother was at work, she kept her children at the home of a

longtime friend. During this time the friend was living with a registered sexual offender, who

was romantically involved with the friend.5 While at the friend’s home, one of the minor

children was inappropriately touched between her legs and buttocks by the sexual offender,

was repeatedly asked if she would engage in fellatio with the sexual offender, and observed

the sexual offender molest another child. The child subject to the molestation also recounted

the incidents to the minor child in this case who had observed it. Testimony also reflected

that the sexual offender did engage in fellatio with another of the minor children involved

in this case.

¶8.    The guardian ad litem (GAL) testified, and the original social worker corroborated

generally, that the children said that, while at the mother’s home, they personally observed

the mother and father engage in sexual activities with each other and other partners, and

viewed a pornographic video depicting the same. After having observed the above activities,

the children revealed that two of them performed oral sex on each other. They also revealed

that one of them threatened to kill another “if he ever told anyone about who used to hurt

him[.]”6

       5
         Whether the events stemming from this individual’s involvement are the same as
those initially reported to DHS in August 2012 is unclear from the record.
       6
        It is unclear from the record if the threat was over disclosure of the oral sex or some
other physical abuse. However, the child who was threatened was involved in oral sex with
another of them.

                                              4
¶9.      The GAL corroborated the testimony of the original social worker regarding the

forensic interviews and the reports of abuse and neglect. The GAL also testified that (1) the

minor children indicated a desire to be adopted, (2) they are currently split between homes

due to their sexual activity and the physical threats made between them, and (3) all of them

are thriving in their current environments. Further, the GAL recommended adoption as being

in the best interests of the minor children. The social worker assigned at the time of trial

testified to the same.

¶10.     Neither the mother nor the father contested any of the above facts. A judgment was

entered terminating the parental rights of the mother and father on December 17, 2015. The

chancellor found that the grounds for termination of parental rights were established by clear

and convincing evidence, and that termination was in the best interests of the minor children,

making them eligible for adoption. The mother and father subsequently appealed to this

Court.

                                       DISCUSSION

¶11.     When reviewing a termination of parental rights, we look for whether credible proof

exists to support the chancellor’s findings of fact by clear and convincing evidence. In re

K.D.G. II, 68 So. 3d 748, 751 (¶12) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011). On appeal, the mother and father

assert that (1) the chancellor did not find by clear and convincing evidence that the grounds

for termination existed, and (2) the chancellor did not consider all of the evidence before her.

¶12.     At the time relevant to this appeal, Mississippi Code Annotated sections 93-15-101

                                               5
to -111 (Rev. 2013) governed termination-of-parental rights proceedings.7 Section 93-15-

103(1) provided three prerequisites that must be found before addressing the specific grounds

for termination. See Chism v. Bright, 152 So. 3d 318, 322-23 (¶15) (Miss. 2014). The mother

and father only challenge the chancellor’s finding that a ground existed for termination, not

the finding of the prerequisites. Section 93-15-103(3) lists the eight grounds on which a

termination of parental rights shall be based. Only one statutory ground has to be proven to

justify termination. See W.A.S. v. A.L.G., 949 So. 2d 31, 35 (¶11) (Miss. 2007). If the

chancellor is satisfied by clear and convincing evidence that a ground for termination exists,

she may order termination of parental rights. Miss. Code Ann. § 93-15-109 (Rev. 2013).

¶13.   Here, the chancellor found that grounds for termination existed because the minor

children had been in custody of DHS for at least one year, the agency had made reasonable

efforts to reunify the minor children with their parents, the parents failed to exercise

reasonable available visitation with the children, and the parents failed to implement their

respective placement plans. Miss. Code Ann. § 93-15-103(3)(d)(i) & (ii). The chancellor also

found that grounds for termination existed because the children had been adjudicated as

abused and neglected, custody had been transferred from the parents for placement, and a

court of competent jurisdiction had determined that reunification was not in the children’s

       7
         The statute has since been amended. Miss. Code Ann. §§ 93-15-101 to -133 (Supp.
2016). Because the amendments did not have any retroactive effect, we apply the version
of the statute in effect at the time of the events at issue. See Estate of Elmore v. Williams,
150 So. 3d 700, 701 n.1 (Miss. 2014) (statute in effect at the time is the version to be
applied); City of Starkville v. 4-Cty. Elec. Power Ass’n, 909 So. 2d 1094, 1109 (¶41) (Miss.
2005) (statute has no retroactive effect unless it is obvious from its language); Miss. Laws
ch. 431, § 24 (H.B. 1240) (“This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its
passage [(approved April 18, 2016)].”).

                                              6
best interests. Miss. Code Ann. § 93-15-103(3)(h). Subsequently, the chancery court found

that it was “in the best interest[s] of the minor [children] that the parental rights of [the

mother and father] be terminated so that a permanent and stable plan for the future of the

minor [children] may be made and so that the minor [children] will be eligible for adoption.”

¶14.   The mother and father first assert the chancellor erred by not stating at the hearing and

in her written order that her findings were made by clear and convincing evidence. But in the

chancellor’s order terminating parental rights, she did state that her findings were “based on

clear and convincing evidence.” We find that the record supports the chancellor’s finding.

Thus, this issue is without merit.

¶15.   The mother and father next assert that the chancellor disregarded all evidence before

her demonstrating their progress since the initial filing for termination.8 Yet a review of the

record, in particular the hearing transcript, reveals that the chancellor considered all of the

evidence of the parents’ behavior and progress between the time the permanency-plan goal

was changed to termination and the time of the termination hearing. The chancellor

acknowledged their progress and found it unpersuasive. Because we find that the record

supports the chancellor’s finding, this issue is without merit.

                                      CONCLUSION

¶16.   We affirm the chancellor’s judgment terminating the parental rights of the appellants.

¶17. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CHANCERY COURT OF PEARL RIVER
COUNTY IS AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE

       8
        The appellants attempt to couch their second assertion as an issue of first
impression: whether the chancellor should consider evidence of events occurring after the
permanency plan was changed from reunification to termination.

                                               7
APPELLANTS.

    LEE, C.J., IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., BARNES, ISHEE, CARLTON, FAIR,
WILSON AND WESTBROOKS, JJ., CONCUR.

                                   8