Court Opinion

ID: 4247277
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-22 16:11:43.514068+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:17:09.185773
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                    FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                Feb 22 2018, 8:02 am

regarded as precedent or cited before any                                 CLERK
                                                                      Indiana Supreme Court
court except for the purpose of establishing                             Court of Appeals
                                                                           and Tax Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Jonathan D. Harwell                                      Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Indianapolis, Indiana                                    Attorney General of Indiana
                                                         George P. Sherman
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Elisha Smith,                                            February 22, 2018
Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         49A04-1707-CR-1630
        v.                                               Appeal from the Marion Superior
                                                         Court
State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable Kurt Eisgruber,
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Judge
                                                         The Honorable Steven Rubick,
                                                         Magistrate
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         49G01-1507-FA-25666

Riley, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018      Page 1 of 17
                                STATEMENT OF THE CASE
[1]   Appellant-Defendant, Elisha Smith (Smith), appeals the trial court’s denial of

      his motion to withdraw his guilty plea to child molesting, a Class C felony, Ind.

      Code § 35-42-4-3(b).

[2]   We affirm but remand with instructions.

                                                    ISSUE
[3]   Smith raises two issues on appeal, which we consolidate and restate as:

      Whether the trial court abused its discretion by denying Smith’s motion to

      withdraw his guilty plea.

                      FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
[4]   On March 23, 2015, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department began

      investigating a report that fifteen-year-old K.D. had been subjected to ongoing

      acts of molestation by Smith, her mother’s live-in boyfriend. The allegations

      against Smith included that he had touched K.D.’s vagina, that he directed

      K.D. to touch his penis, that he requested K.D. to perform oral sex, and that he

      masturbated in K.D.’s presence on multiple occasions. On July 22, 2015, the

      State filed an Information, charging Smith with Count I, child molesting, a

      Class A felony, I.C. § 35-42-4-3(a)(1); Count II, child molesting a Class C

      felony, I.C. § 35-42-4-3(b); Count III, child solicitation, a Class D felony, I.C. §

      35-42-4-6(b)(2); and Counts IV through VI, performance before a minor that is

      harmful to minors, Class D felonies, I.C. 35-49-3-3(a)(4). The events were

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 2 of 17
      alleged to have occurred between March 30, 2010, and January 31, 2014, when

      K.D. was between the ages of ten and thirteen.

[5]   On November 9, 2016, Smith entered into a plea agreement with the State,

      pursuant to which he agreed to plead guilty to Count II, child molesting as a

      Class C felony, in exchange for the dismissal of the remaining charges. The

      plea agreement stipulated that Smith would receive an eight-year sentence.

      That same day, the trial court conducted a guilty plea hearing and advised

      Smith of the rights he was surrendering by pleading guilty. When questioned

      by the trial court, Smith confirmed that no one had forced him to plead guilty,

      that he had discussed the plea and its consequences with his public defender,

      and that he was satisfied with the advice rendered by his public defender. The

      State indicated that if the case had proceeded to trial, it would have proved that

      “between March 30th 2010[,] and January 31st 2014[,] . . . Smith did perform or

      submit to fondling or touching with [K.D.], a child under the age of [fourteen]

      years old . . . with the intent to arouse or satisfy the desires of . . . Smith and/or

      [K.D.]—all of that did occur in Marion County.” (Tr. Vol. II, p. 7). The trial

      court asked Smith whether the State’s summary of the evidence was true, and

      Smith answered, “Yes.” (Tr. Vol. II, p. 7). Finding “a knowing and intelligent

      waiver of rights” and “a factual basis to support the plea,” the trial court

      accepted Smith’s guilty plea, entered a judgment of conviction, set the matter

      for sentencing, and ordered the completion of a pre-sentence investigation (PSI)

      report. (Tr. Vol. II, p. 8).

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 3 of 17
[6]   On November 21, 2016, the Marion County Superior Court Probation

      Department filed a PSI Report with the trial court. When discussing the

      circumstances of the offense during his PSI interview, Smith stated to the

      probation officer, “I feel betrayed and abused and used because of my past

      history. . . . [K.D.] is a bright, smart young woman that got mixed up with her

      feelings and didn’t want to move [from Indiana to Georgia]. . . . I didn’t

      commit a crime this time,[ 1] but am unable to prove my innocence.”

      (Appellant’s Conf. App. Vol. II, p. 41). Smith indicated that he was “trying to

      move forward from this whole mess and get back to [his] family.” (Appellant’s

      Conf. App. Vol. II, p. 41). On November 22, 2016, the parties convened for a

      sentencing hearing. At the beginning of the hearing, the trial court noted that,

      in the PSI Report, Smith had “stated his innocence in no uncertain terms.” (Tr.

      Vol. II, p. 12). As a result, the trial court rescheduled the matter in order to

      provide the State with “an opportunity to contact the victim[] . . . to determine

      whether we can proceed to trial.” (Tr. Vol. II, p. 12).

[7]   During a status hearing on January 10, 2017, Smith indicated his intent to file a

      formal motion to withdraw his plea. The State informed the court that while it

      objected to the withdrawal, it was nevertheless prepared to proceed to trial. On

      January 27, 2017, Smith filed a Verified Motion for Withdrawal of Guilty Plea.

      1
        In 2001, Smith was convicted of Class B felony child molesting for performing or submitting to sexual
      deviate conduct with a four-year-old child. Smith received a fifteen-year sentence, with ten years executed in
      the Indiana Department of Correction and five years suspended. Following the executed portion of his
      sentence, Smith was released to probation in 2005 and was discharged in 2009. According to the PSI Report,
      Smith moved in with his girlfriend and her daughter, K.D., in 2010.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018         Page 4 of 17
      In his motion, Smith noted that he “had time to reflect on the plea of guilty”

      and could no longer “admit guilt in this matter.” (Appellant’s Conf. App. Vol.

      II, pp. 44-45). He argued that he had been pressured into accepting the plea by

      his public defender and had ultimately done so over concerns about his former

      counsel’s ability to represent him, and he added that there was “[i]nformation

      regarding possible recantation by [K.D.] that still needs investigated.”

      (Appellant’s Conf. App. Vol. II, p. 45). Smith contended that the State “has

      not been substantially prejudiced by any reliance on the plea” and that

      withdrawal “is necessary to correct a manifest injustice”—including “the lack of

      truthful and intelligent manifestation at the time of the plea.” (Appellant’s

      Conf. App. Vol. II, p. 45).

[8]   On February 3, 2017, the trial court conducted another hearing, at which time

      Smith indicated that certain witnesses, including K.D.’s mother, had reported

      that K.D. recanted her allegations against Smith during a juvenile Child in

      Need of Services (CHINS) proceeding. The trial court acknowledged that if the

      transcript of the CHINS proceeding verified such a recantation, “there might be

      a good faith basis to allow a withdraw[al] from the guilty plea.” (Tr. Vol. II, p.

      25). The trial court delayed sentencing an additional month to allow time for

      Smith to obtain a copy of the CHINS transcript.

[9]   After Smith’s request to the juvenile court for preparation of the CHINS

      transcript was denied, on March 1, 2017, Smith requested that the trial court in

      his criminal matter issue such an order pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-33-

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 5 of 17
       18-2. 2 On March 3, 2017, the trial court denied Smith’s request for transcripts

       but ordered the court reporter to “make available the audio recording of the

       requested hearings for defense counsel to listen to in the courtroom to

       determine if the recordings contain any exculpatory evidence.” (Appellant’s

       Conf. App. Vol. II, p. 55). However, on March 22, 2017, the trial court issued

       an order noting that the juvenile court had previously considered and denied

       Smith’s request for a transcript and/or access to the records of the CHINS

       proceedings. With “neither the intent nor the authority to undermine or

       overrule” the juvenile court, the trial court vacated its order of March 3, 2017.

       (Appellant’s Conf. App. Vol. II, p. 56).

[10]   On April 5, 2017, the trial court issued an Order, finding that Smith “has not

       established a legitimate basis for setting aside the factual basis accepted by this

       [trial court] on November 9, 2016.” (Appellant’s Conf. App. Vol. II, p. 57).

       Instead, the trial court found that Smith

                admitted under oath . . . the relevant facts necessary to sustain a
                conviction for the crime of child molesting; [Smith] has since
                retained counsel to collaterally attack his previous sworn
                testimony and attempted to publish confidential proceedings
                conducted in the Marion County Juvenile Court but has failed to
                present any actual evidence in support of the Motion to Withdraw.

       2
         This statute provides that the statutorily confidential reports and information made by or in the possession
       of the Department of Child Services “shall be made available” “upon the court’s finding that access to the
       records may be necessary for determination of an issue before the court,” with access generally “limited to in
       camera inspection.” I.C. § 31-33-18-2(9).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018          Page 6 of 17
       (Appellant’s Conf. App. Vol. II, p. 57). Accordingly, the trial court denied

       Smith’s Verified Motion for Withdrawal of Guilty Plea. On May 10, 2017,

       Smith filed an Amended Verified Motion for Withdrawal of Guilty Plea, in

       which he expanded upon the arguments raised in his first motion to withdraw.

       The trial court denied the amended motion on May 12, 2017.

[11]   On May 26, 2017, the trial court conducted a sentencing hearing. Smith again

       renewed his request to withdraw from the guilty plea, which the trial court

       denied. The trial court imposed the sentence set forth in the plea agreement:

       eight years, with two years executed through a direct placement in Marion

       County Community Corrections and the remainder suspended to sex-offender-

       specific probation. On June 19, 2017, Smith filed a Motion to Correct Error,

       which the trial court denied on June 26, 2017.

[12]   Smith now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.

                               DISCUSSION AND DECISION
[13]   Indiana Code section 35-35-1-4(b) governs the withdrawal of guilty pleas where

       a plea has been entered but the defendant has not yet been sentenced. In such a

       situation, upon a written and verified motion to withdraw a guilty plea, the trial

       court may allow withdrawal “for any fair and just reason unless the state has

       been substantially prejudiced by reliance upon the defendant’s plea.” I.C. § 35-

       35-1-4(b). This decision by the trial court is subject to review only for an abuse

       of discretion. I.C. § 35-35-1-4(b). “However, the court shall allow the

       defendant to withdraw his plea of guilty . . . whenever the defendant proves that

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 7 of 17
       withdrawal of the plea is necessary to correct a manifest injustice.” I.C. § 35-

       35-1-4(b). In other words, the trial court is required to grant a motion to

       withdraw a guilty plea prior to sentencing

               only if the defendant proves that withdrawal of the plea is
               necessary to correct a manifest injustice. The court must deny a
               motion to withdraw a guilty plea if the withdrawal would result
               in substantial prejudice to the State. Except under these polar
               circumstances, disposition of the petition is at the discretion of
               the trial court.

       Craig v. State, 883 N.E.2d 218, 221 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008) (internal quotation

       marks omitted) (quoting Weatherford v. State, 697 N.E.2d 32, 34 (Ind. 1998)).

[14]   “A trial court’s ruling on a motion to withdraw a guilty plea ‘arrives in this

       [c]ourt with a presumption in favor of the ruling.’” Brightman v. State, 758
N.E.2d 41, 44 (Ind. 2001) (quoting Coomer v. State, 652 N.E.2d 60, 62 (Ind.

       1995)). “We will not disturb the court’s ruling where it was based on

       conflicting evidence.” McGraw v. State, 938 N.E.2d 1218, 1220 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2010), trans. denied. Rather, unless the trial court has abused its discretion in

       denying a motion to withdraw a guilty plea, we will uphold its decision. Centers

       v. State, 501 N.E.2d 415, 419 (Ind. 1986). Smith bears the burden of

       establishing the grounds for relief by a preponderance of the evidence. I.C. §

       35-35-1-4(e).

[15]   In this case, Smith claims that withdrawal of his guilty plea was mandatory

       because it was necessary to correct a manifest injustice. “Manifest injustice” is

       “necessarily [an] imprecise standard[], and an appellant seeking to overturn a
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 8 of 17
       trial court’s decision [faces] a high hurdle under the current statute and its

       predecessors.” Craig, 883 N.E.2d at 221 (quoting Weatherford, 697 N.E.2d at

       34). Pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-35-1-4(c), withdrawal of a plea is

       required to correct a manifest injustice, in part, when a convicted person has

       been denied the effective assistance of counsel, when a plea was not knowingly

       and voluntarily made, or where the plea and judgment of conviction are void or

       voidable for any other reason. “Unless the defendant proves a manifest

       injustice by a preponderance of the evidence, the trial court has discretion to

       grant or deny the request.” Bland v. State, 708 N.E.2d 880, 882 (Ind. Ct. App.

       1999). According to Smith, his plea was not entered knowingly, intelligently,

       and voluntarily based on his “protestations of innocence, coercion by his

       [p]ublic [d]efender, the [t]rial [c]ourt’s express intent to set the case for trial after

       the PSI was received, and the outstanding Brady issues.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 7).

[16]   “A valid guilty plea is a confession of guilt made directly to a judicial officer

       and necessarily admits the incriminating facts alleged.” Carter v. State, 739
N.E.2d 126, 128 (Ind. 2000). Because “[a] guilty plea constitutes a waiver of

       constitutional rights,” the trial court must “evaluate the validity of every plea

       before accepting it.” Davis v. State, 675 N.E.2d 1097, 1102 (Ind. 1996). In order

       for a guilty plea to be valid, “the defendant’s decision to plead guilty must be

       knowing, voluntary[,] and intelligent.” Id. (citing Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S.
238, 242-44 (1969)). Indiana law provides that a trial court cannot accept a

       guilty plea “without first determining that the defendant understands the nature

       of the charges against him and that pleading guilty waives a number of valuable

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 9 of 17
       constitutional rights.” Id. (citing I.C. § 35-35-1-2(a)). “[C]oncerns about

       injustice carry greater weight when accompanied by credible evidence of

       involuntariness, or when the circumstances of the plea reveal that the rights of

       the accused were violated.” Coomer, 652 N.E.2d at 62.

                                         1. Protestations of Innocence

[17]   Smith contends that his guilty plea was invalid and lacked the requisite

       truthfulness because he “maintained his innocence throughout the

       proceedings.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 9). “[A] trial court cannot accept a guilty plea

       from a defendant who pleads guilty and maintains his innocence at the same

       time.” Johnson v. State, 734 N.E.2d 242, 245 (Ind. 2000). Here, however, there

       is no basis in the record for Smith’s assertion that he consistently proclaimed his

       innocence. Rather, he pled guilty and it was only after, during the PSI

       investigation, that he indicated that he did not commit the present offense.

[18]   As our supreme court has stated,

               There is a substantive difference between a defendant who
               maintains innocence but asks the court to impose punishment
               without trial, and one who concedes guilt in one proceeding but
               contradicts that admission by claiming innocence in a later
               proceeding. In the former case, the defendant has consistently
               denied culpability, and has therefore never made the reliable
               admission of guilt that Indiana requires. In the latter case, a
               defendant under oath has told the court two opposing stories,
               both of which cannot be true.

               An admission of guilt that is later retracted may nonetheless be
               reliable. Admissions of guilt and assertions of innocence come in
               many shades of gray, and the trial judge is best situated to assess
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 10 of 17
               the reliability of each. A credible admission of guilt, contradicted
               at a later date by a general and unpersuasive assertion of
               innocence, may well be adequate for entering a conviction.

       Carter, 739 N.E.2d at 130 (internal citation omitted). Here, because Smith did

       not simultaneously plead his guilt and maintain his innocence, he has failed to

       establish a manifest injustice that would mandate withdrawal from his plea.

                                        2. Coercion by Public Defender

[19]   While he does not claim on appeal that he received ineffective assistance of

       counsel, Smith argues that his plea lacked the requisite voluntariness because

       his public defender (who was subsequently replaced by new counsel for the

       proceedings related to withdrawing the guilty plea) had coerced him to plead

       guilty. Smith specifically asserts that

               [p]rior to trial, Smith’s [p]ublic [d]efender told him he had no
               chance and needed to sign the plea. The coercion existed over
               the course of the morning as trial was to begin at 10:00 A.M., but
               got moved to 1:00 P.M., as . . . she worked to convince Smith to
               take his plea. When Smith refused, and she could not change his
               mind on her own, his [p]ublic [d]efender brought in an individual
               she indicated was her supervisor. The supervisor told Smith he
               would lose and would die in prison. The supervisor said that by
               signing the plea Smith could see his daughter again, which was
               contrary to the collateral consequences involved in sex offender
               probation as a part of his plea. Feeling he could no longer trust
               her to adequately represent him, he signed the plea. Smith did
               not understand her lack of belief in the case despite two (2) State
               witnesses[] stating that on at least two (2) occasions K.D.
               recanted her allegation, including in open court. He also
               questioned why she had not sought a copy of the transcripts from
               the CHINS hearing. Smith also questioned her motivations

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 11 of 17
               because K.D. had also made blog posts indicating that she was a
               great actress and fooling everyone shortly after the allegations
               were made. In the PSI, Smith stated he was innocent and he
               took the plea because his [p]ublic [d]efender told him he would
               lose.

       (Appellant’s Br. pp. 8-9) (internal citations omitted). According to Smith,

       because his plea was “based in coerced fear,” it was an abuse of discretion to

       deny his motion to withdraw from his guilty plea. (Appellant’s Br. p. 12). We

       find Smith’s argument to be unpersuasive for several reasons.

[20]   First, the answers Smith provided, under oath, in response to the trial court’s

       questioning at the guilty plea hearing—specifically, that he had not been forced

       to accept the plea and that he was satisfied with his public defender’s

       representation—“belie his later assertion that the only reason he entered a guilty

       plea is because his counsel pressured him.” Johnson, 734 N.E.2d at 245.

       Second, there is no evidence in the record to support Smith’s assertions

       regarding his public defender’s conduct in forcing him to sign a plea agreement

       or in the public defender’s purported knowledge of K.D.’s recanting

       statements/online postings. Smith did not testify during the withdrawal

       proceedings or present any other witnesses or admissible evidence; rather, his

       attorney simply proclaimed—without any factual support—before the trial

       court that Smith had been coerced. In Smith’s appellate brief, he is unable to

       cite to the record to support his details of his public defender’s conduct because

       those facts are not in the record. See Ind. Appellate Rule 46(A)(6)(a),(8)(a). He

       instead relies on the general unsupported assertions raised in his motion to

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 12 of 17
       withdraw and his attorney’s argument of the same during the withdrawal

       hearing. 3 An attorney’s argument is not evidence. Furthermore, Smith’s

       indication in his PSI interview that his public defender encouraged him to take

       the plea because he was “likely to lose this case” hardly amounts to coercion,

       and it is further well established that trial counsel is entitled to “considerable

       discretion” with respect to selecting a trial strategy. McCullough v. State, 973
N.E.2d 62, 75-76 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied; (Appellant’s Conf. App.

       Vol. II, p. 39). Accordingly, we find no manifest injustice based on a coerced

       guilty plea that would require withdrawal from his guilty plea.

                                               3. Trial Court’s Rulings

[21]   Smith also contends that “it is manifest injustice for a [t]rial [c]ourt to go back

       and forth on whether to accept a plea and sentence a defendant and to make a

       defendant to serve additional jail time not contemplated by his plea because of

       the [t]rial [c]ourt’s indecisiveness.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 12). The plea agreement

       stipulated that Smith would receive “[a] total sentence of [eight] years. The

       executed sentence shall be time served in the Marion County Jail AND an

       additional [two] years on Marion County Community Corrections home

       detention component. The balance of [eight] years shall be suspended and on

       probation.” (Appellant’s Conf. App. p. 30). The trial court initially set a

       sentencing date of November 22, 2016, at which time the trial court delayed the

       3
         However, some of the ‘facts’ included in Smith’s appellate brief actually seem to appear for the first time on
       appeal.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018          Page 13 of 17
       matter based on Smith’s assertions of innocence in his PSI Report. The trial

       court indicated that the State needed an opportunity to prepare for trial and it

       provided a chance for Smith to formally file a motion to withdraw his guilty

       plea, which Smith later did. From there, the trial court again delayed a final

       determination based on Smith’s request for time to obtain the transcript from

       the CHINS proceeding. By April 5, 2017, the trial court resolved that Smith

       was not going to supply a factual basis that would support withdrawal from the

       plea agreement and imposed a sentence on May 26, 2017. According to Smith,

       “because the [t]rial [c]ourt changed course, Smith was forced to stay in custody

       nearly more [sic] seven (7) months than contemplated when he signed his plea.”

       (Appellant’s Br. p. 11).

[22]   Smith offers no cogent reasoning as to how the trial court’s consideration of his

       motion to withdraw created a manifest injustice that would require

       withdrawing the guilty plea. Nevertheless, because the trial court, on its own

       motion, continued the original sentencing hearing based on Smith’s statements

       in his PSI investigation, we find that the additional time that Smith spent in jail

       awaiting a decision should be credited against his executed sentence in Marion

       County Community Corrections. See McAllister v. State, 913 N.E.2d 778, 783

       n.7 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (noting that, where the plea agreement contained no

       “explicit waiver of credit time,” the defendant was entitled to one day of credit

       for each day “confined awaiting sentencing”). Therefore, we remand with

       instructions for the trial court to re-calculate Smith’s sentence with credit time.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 14 of 17
                                                 4. Brady Issues

[23]   Smith claims that information was presented “regarding possible recantation by

       K.D.,” which “must be investigated and the records must be received.”

       (Appellant’s Br. p. 13). He argues that a recantation—which is exculpatory—

       “must be provided by the State under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87

       (1963).” (Appellant’s Br. p. 13). In Brady, the Supreme Court held that “the

       suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon

       request violates due process where the evidence is material either to guilt or to

       punishment, irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution.”

       Brady, 373 U.S. at 87. In order to succeed on a claim of a Brady violation, the

       defendant is required to establish: “(1) that the prosecution suppressed

       evidence; (2) that the evidence was favorable to the defense; and (3) that the

       evidence was material to an issue at trial.” Farris v. State, 732 N.E.2d 230, 233

       (Ind. Ct. App. 2000) (citing Conner v. State, 711 N.E.2d 1238, 1245-46 (Ind.

       1999)). Evidence is “material to an issue at trial” if “there is a reasonable

       probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the

       proceeding would have been different.” Id. A reasonable probability is one that

       is “sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Id. “[T]he State will

       not be found to have suppressed material evidence if it was available to a

       defendant through the exercise of reasonable diligence.” Shelby v. State, 986
N.E.2d 345, 358 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied.

[24]   Smith appears to argue that if the State had supplied K.D.’s recantation, he

       never would have entered a guilty plea, which amounts to a manifest injustice.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 15 of 17
We find that Smith has failed to establish a Brady violation. Simply, there is no

evidence that the State suppressed K.D.’s purported statement recanting the

allegations, if such a statement even exists. During a hearing on Smith’s

motion to withdraw, the State informed the trial court that it was aware that

Smith’s public defender had heard a rumor of a recantation, so the State “went

ahead and followed up with [the Department of Child Services]” but “couldn’t

find any information about a recantation.” (Tr. Vol. II, p. 24). In response,

Smith’s attorney countered that K.D.’s mother testified in a deposition “that

yes, in fact, [K.D.] did recant on the stand at [the CHINS] hearing.” (Tr. Vol.

II, pp. 24-25). Smith’s attorney also indicated that another witness had heard

K.D. recant in person and that K.D. “wrote [a] blog post on the internet

regarding manipulating people around the time the allegations came about.”

(Appellant’s Br. pp. 12-13). Yet, once again, Smith failed to present any

evidence to support these assertions, instead relying solely on the argument of

his counsel. Smith insists that “[t]he [t]rial [c]ourt indicated that with proof of

the recant by K.D. in the transcripts, the withdraw[al] of the plea would be

allowed, yet the [t]rial [c]ourt denied [Smith’s] request for the transcripts despite

acknowledging the importance.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 14). However, if Smith

(via his attorney) had undertaken to obtain the depositions or to produce

witnesses or affidavits, perhaps the trial court would have had an evidentiary

basis to order the production of the CHINS transcript for confirmation of

K.D.’s testimony.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 16 of 17
[25]   The trial court accepted Smith’s guilty plea and entered a judgment of

       conviction based on Smith’s testimony that he was aware of the consequences

       of pleading guilty and that he was entering the plea willingly because he had

       committed the charged offense of child molestation. “A defendant knows at the

       time of his plea whether he is guilty or not to the charged crime.” Norris v. State,

       896 N.E.2d 1149, 1153 (Ind. 2008) (discussing that the defendant was not

       entitled to post-conviction relief because after the trial court accepted his guilty

       plea, the defendant waived the right to present evidence of guilt or innocence).

       In seeking to withdraw his guilty plea, Smith offered no evidence to support a

       finding of a manifest injustice that would have required the trial court to grant

       his motion to withdraw. See Smith v. State, 596 N.E.2d 257, 259 (Ind. Ct. App.

       1992) (A defendant has “the burden to prove with specific facts that he should be

       permitted to withdraw his plea.” (emphasis added)). Absent a manifest

       injustice, the decision to grant or deny Smith’s motion to withdraw was within

       the discretion of the trial court, and we find no abuse thereof.

                                             CONCLUSION
[26]   Based on the foregoing, we conclude that Smith has failed to demonstrate that

       he suffered a manifest injustice; therefore, it was within the trial court’s

       discretion to deny his motion to withdraw his guilty plea.

[27]   Affirmed but remanded with instructions regarding calculation of credit time.

[28]   Baker, J. and Brown, J. concur

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A04-1707-CR-1630 | February 22, 2018   Page 17 of 17