Court Opinion

ID: 8018545
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-09 02:07:43.963223+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:36:30.971238
License: Public Domain

BLAIR, C.

Partition

This appeal is from a decree of the e^rci1^ court of Boone county partitioning one hundred and twenty acres of land.
John Hutts formerly owned the land, but in 1876 a judgment for $1628.65 against him was obtained by the administrators of John Kinkade and the land was sold under execution in April, 1877. Hnder an arrangement with Hutts, George T. Drain bought in *126the land for him with money which the weight of the evidence shows Iiutts furnished. The price paid was less than half the judgment. There is evidence this plan was adopted by reason of other debts Iiutts owed and to prevent the subjection of the property to their payment. Drain held the title thereafter, Hutts retaining possession and repaying to Drain the sum expended for taxes. Drain several times urged Hutts to take the title, saying it was not his (Drain’s) land and he wanted it “fixed up.” Hutts told him it was as he desired and said he wanted him to have it if he, Drain, outlived him.
Hutts died in March, 1901, leaving a will he had executed in Virginia in 1862, whereby he devised all his property to his wife, Sophia Hutts, who survived him. The couple was childless.
In November, 1901, Drain, at Mrs. Sophia Hutts’ direction, executed a deed to the land in suit whereby he conveyed to her a one-half interest in the land in fee and a life estate in the remaining one-half interest, remainder in fee to the heirs of John Hutts. At this time Mrs. Hutts knew of the existence of the will mentioned, but one of the witnesses testifies she thought it was too old to be effective.
In December, 1901, Sophia Hutts executed a deed whereby she conveyed to appellant Stephen M. Cheek “for and in consideration of love and esteem and one dollar . . . her interest, which is one-half interest in the undivided tract or parcel of land described” as in the petition, the deed then reciting that Mrs. Hutts reserved “full control of said land and all of the profits thereof during her natural life.”
October 26, 1905', appellant Stephen M. Cheek, for a recited consideration of $700, executed a deed whereby he conveyed to his sister and coappellant, Mary E. Cheek, “the following described tract or parcel of land, situated in the county of Boone, in the State of Missouri, to-wit: All of my undivided inter*127est in,” describing the land in snit and proceeding’: “This deed is given subject to the lifetime dower now held by Sophia Hntts. This deed is also given with the understanding that in case of the marriage or death of the said Mary E. Cheek the land herein described is to go to Stephen M. Cheek.”
In October, 1906, Sophia Hutts died, and thereafter at some time prior to the February, 1907, term, of the Boone Circuit Court, the present appellants, Stephen M. and Mary E. Cheek, instituted a suit to partition the land here involved. The original petition in that suit was not offered in evidence in this, but on March 7, 1907, an amended petition was filed in which plaintiffs, the present appellants, alleged they owned jointly an undivided one-half.of the lands now in snit and that they were “informed and believed” that those made defendants, the heirs at law of John Hutts, owned the remaining half.
In May, 1907, appellant Stephen M. Cheek caused the will of John Hutts to be probated, but it does not appear when, if at all, the partition suit, instituted by him and his sister, was dismissed.
In May, 1908, this suit was instituted. The plaintiffs and defendants constitute all the heirs at law of Johri Hutts and Sophia Hutts. June 1,1908, these appellants filed in this suit an answer in which the will of John Hutts and the deeds executed by Drain and Sophia Hutts are set up; and it is averred, among other things, that “whatever right, title or interest plaintiffs (the heirs of John Hutts) acquired under the aforesaid deed of the said George T. Drain inured to the benefit of these defendants (the appellants here) or to the heirs at law of the said Sophia Hutts,” and prayed that certain other heirs of Sophia Hutts be brought in, which, it appears, was done.
In April, 1909, a second amended petition was filed. The parties plaintiff are all the heirs of John *128Hntts except Geneva and Leroy Hnlen, who are made defendants. Plaintiffs, excepting- Mollie Hntts and P'atrick PIntts, are the children, and defendants Geneva and Leroy Hnlen are children of a deceased daughter of J. H. Boothe, who was a brother of Sophia Hntts and whose wife was a sister of John Hutts.
Plaintiffs, excepting Patrick and Mollie Hntts. and defendants Geneva and-Leroy Hnlen are, therefore, heirs at law of both John Hntts and Sophia Hntts, his wife.
The second amended petition proceeds somewhat upon the theory of the original answer filed in this case by appellants, alleges that by the deed from Drain, providing that at the death of Sophia Hntts an undivided one-half of the land in suit should go to the heirs of John Hntts, these heirs took nothing but “whatever title they acquired inured to the benefit of Sophia Hntts who was their equitable owner,” etc., and prayed that the property be partitioned, one-half to appellants and one-half to the heirs at law of Sophia Hntts.
Appellants’ amended answer “admitted” that Sophia Hntts took the whole under Drain’s deed, prayed that the deed from Sophia Hntts to Stephen M. Cheek be reformed by striking out the words “which is one-half interest,” and averred that appellants were in the adverse possession of the land. The minor defendants answered, denying all allegations in the petition.
A reply, denying all allegations of new matter in appellants’ answer, was filed.
The weight of the evidence showed that Drain executed the deed to Sophia Hntts by her direction and by his deed in November, 1901, conveyed the land as she desired it conveyed. The evidence offered by appellants to show that Sophia Hntts intended by hel deed of December, 1901, to attempt to convey to ap*129pellant Stephen M. Cheek the whole of the land in suit, has a very clear tendency to the contrary. It consisted of her declaration that she intended he should have “all she owned,” “al'l she possessed,” “her interest” in and “her part” of the land.
The evidence on the issue of adverse possession will be adverted to in the course of the opinion.
The trial court found appellants to be entitled to one-half the land, that the heirs at law of John Hutts were entitled to the remaining half, and found that partition in kind could not be made, and ordered the land sold and distribution of the proceeds made accordingly.
Stephen M. Cheek and his sister are the sole appellants.
Counsel contends (1) that appellants were in such adverse possession as to preclude partition; (2) that the court erred in admitting in evidence the petition filed by appellants in the suit previously instituted by them; (3) that the deed from Sophia Hutts to Stephen M. Cheek should be either (a) construed to convey the whole of the land or (b) reformed; and (4) that there was error in awarding to plaintiffs a larger share of the land than' claimed in' the petition.

Evidence: Prior suit,

I. (a) The petition filed by appellants in the suit they previously instituted was competent upon the issue of adverse possession as an admisgion by appellants that they were not hold-mg adversely but were, m fact, recognizing the rights of their cotenants to one-half the land. The authorities cited are to the effect that an estoppel to be available as an independent defense must be pleaded. That rule in no way affects the competency of the petition as evidence of the character of the claim appellants were making.

*130
ofOScotenant.

Evidence,

(b) Tbe trial court expressly found against appellants on the issue of adverse possession. Appellant Stephen M. Cheek lived from child-h°°d with John and Sophia Hutts until they died, and after the death of the latter remained in possession of the land. His mere possession, however, was insufficient to force his cotenants to proceed to judgment in ejectment before they could maintain a suit in partition. Neither appellant testified to claiming the land adversely, though ]yp Qiiee|c did testify he paid the taxes and leased the land and collected the rents. One of the plaintiffs testified that plaintiffs could not get possession and. that Stephen M. Cheek had had pos7 session since the death of Sophia Hutts, but also testified that formerly Stephen M. did not claim the land but that it “seemed” lie-was claiming it, at the time of the trial. Considered together with the petition filed in the suit appellants instituted and the original answer filed in this case, in neither of which any claim is made except in accordance with their view df. the record title, the former expressly setting up the interests of the heirs at law of John Hutts and the latter conditionally recognizing interests in the heirs at'law of Sophia Hutts, there is no foundation for the claim that appellants werp in such adverse possession as wpuld preclude-the institution by plaintiffs of partition proceedings. [Collier v. Gault, 234 Mo. l. c. 465; Coberly v. Coberly, 189 Mo. l. c. 16, 17; Chapman v. Kullman, 191 Mo. l. c. 247; Rozier v. Griffith, 31 Mo. l. c. 174; Shepperd v. Fisher, 206 Mo. l. c. 249.]
II. (The evidence clearly shows that the deed Drain executed was drawn, and executed at the instance of and in conformity to directions given by Sophia .Hutts.

*131
Trusts: TftieTo Defraud Owners Creditors.

(a) The trial court expressly held that Drain held the fee simple title. This finding was doubtless based upon the court’s conviction of the truth of the evidence, offered by appellants, tending to show that Drain bought in the land in 1877 under an arrangement with . Hutts, the purpose of which was to defraud the creditors of the latter. If that evidence is true, then equity would raise no enforceable trust in the property, and, for the purposes of this case, neither Hutts nor his general devisee, Sophia Hutts, had, before the conveyance of Drain, any interest in the land, and the finding of the court was right. No complaint that the evidence is insufficient to support that finding is made in the briefs. If Drain had the fee simple title, then his conveyance in 1901 vested a half interest, in remainder, in the heirs of John Hutts, and the decree gives appellants all to which they have any claim.
(b) If it be conceded, however, that the allegations of the petition were of a character precluding a finding on the ground of fraud against the validity of the trust, there is yet a reason which discloses that appellants have no interest in the land save that the decree gives them.

Devise of Equitable 1nterest: Conveyance by Trustee Before Probate of Will.

Whatever equitable interest John Hutts had passed by his will to Sophia Hutts, she became the beneficiary in the trust, if trust there was. Had John Hutts had the full title then a conveyance by Sophia Hutts delivered prior to the probate of the will under which she was sole devisee would not have been fully effectual upon delivery, but upon the subsequent probating of the will, it would have taken effect by relation as of its date. It would have conveyed an equitable interest, subiect to be defeated by a final rejection of the will. This is the clear import of those decisions in this State to *132the effect that the institution of contest proceedings restores the status, so far as the operation of the will is concerned, existing before the will is offered for probate, and that a conveyance by a devisee during contest of a will carries his interest subject to the judgment in the contest proceedings (McIlwrath v. Hollander, 73 Mo. 105; Hughes v. Burriss, 85 Mo. 660; Hines v. Hines, 243 Mo. l. c. 496; Robertson v. Brown, 187 Mo. l. c. 458 et seq.), and the principle is in full harmony with many other decisions and authorities. [Richards v. Pierce, 44 Mich. l. c. 446, and cases cited; Scott v. West, 63 Wis. l. c. 552; Will of Dardis, 135 Wis. l. c. 461; Hanley v. Kraftczyk, 119 Wis. l. c. 356, 357; Flood v. Kerwin, 113 Wis. l. c. 680; Walton v. Ambler, 29 Neb. l. c. 643; Mackey v. Mackey, 71 N. J. Eq. 688; Miller v. Douglass, 30 Ohio Cir. Ct. Rep. l. c. 668; Ives v. Allyn, 13 Vt. l. c. 630; Ex parte Fuller, 2 Story, 327.]
There is nothing in our statute expressly postponing the vesting (sufficiently to support a conveyance) of devises until probate of the will, and one section (6315, R. S. 1909) by implication recognizes the operative effect, in case of actual notice, of unproved wills. If this is not true, the provision in that seotion relating to wills unproved, but recorded prior to 1887, imparting notice after the lapse of a year, is meaningless. An intimation of like effect is found in Keith v. Keith, 97 Mo. l. c. 230.
Sophia Hutts, at the time of the execution, at her direction, of the deed by Drain, had full knowledge of the existence of her husband’s will and of its provisions, and was advised by the probate judge, through the' interposition of appellant Stephen M. Cheek, according to his testimony, that the will could be “renewed” but that some expense would be necessary to procure the evidence of the witnesses who lived in Virginia, She purposely, therefore, withheld the will from probate, but there is no reason to doubt her *133knowledge of its validity in view of Stephen M. Cheek’s testimony, despite the testimony of another witness that he heard her “say something about it;” that it was too old.
By the will Sophia Hutts became the sole beneficiary in the trust, if trust there was, before the probate of the will. A conveyance by her would have passed her equitable interest, subject to be defeated by the final rejection of the will. She could not have compelled, or conveyed to another the right to compel Drain to convey the legal title before the will was probated, but it can hardly be doubted that either she or her grantee could have accepted a voluntary conveyance from Drain which upon the probate of the will would have taken effect by relation as of its date. That difficulties might, in such a situation, arise upon the rejection of the will cannot affect the argument as to the effect of the conveyance if made.
A cestui que trust, of full age and under no disability, entitled to a conveyance, may direct it to be made to another, and the whole title will thereby pass (Matthews v. Thompson, 186 Mass. l. c. 18, 19; Rogers v. Tyley, 144 Ill. l. c. 666; Altschul v. Casey, 45 Oregon, l. c. 188, 189; Cotton v. Ward, 3 T. B. Monroe, l. c. 311, 312; Witter v. McCarthy Co., 43 Pac. (Cal.) 969); and there is no reason for saying that Sophia Hutts, who, upon the assumption that a trust existed, could have herself conveyed, might not accomplish directly her purpose by directing a conveyance by the trustee, nor for saying his voluntary conveyance executed by her direction would not draw to itself the equity she might have conditionally conveyed at that time and be as effectual to pass the title, subject to be defeated by the rejection of the will, as her own conveyance would have been or, after the will was probated, as conclusive as if the will had first been probated and then Drain had conveyed at Mrs. Hutts’ direction.
With full knowledge, of full age and under no *134legal disability, Sopbia Hutts saw fit to divide tbe remainder in tbe land equally between appellants (her kinsmen) and the heirs at law of her husband. ..That she knew the will was valid is evidenced by the fact that she had Drain to convey to her a greater interest than she could have claimed in a case of her husband’s intestacy. She intended to divide the property as the decree finds she did divide it, dealt with it on the theory she had so divided it, and died doubtless in the belief that one-half of the land her husband had acquired would go to his kinsmen and one-half to her kinsmen, the appellants here.
Of the disposition she made of the property her other heirs at law cannot complain, and her grantees, though also heirs, cannot take more than she had to convey. Her .own intent to convey to Stephen M. Cheek but one-half of the land is clear from the deed to him and the declarations proved.
Whether there was or was not a trust equity will recognize, the trial court’s decree properly describes and defines the interests of the parties.

Facts Versus conclusions of Law.

III. It is insisted, however, that the court erred in awarding certain of plaintiffs greater interests than the petition alleges they own. The petition sets 011t the facts on the theory of a valid J " trust of which Drain is alleged to be the trustee. The conclusion of law that Drain’s deed was ineffective is not an allegation of fact nor an allegation the trial court was obliged to notice. It is a mere statement of a conclusion- of law. Upon the facts, the trial court performed its duty, i. e., determined the interests of the respective parties and decreed accordingly. The judgment is affirmed.
Brown, C., concurs.
PER CURIAM. — The foregoing opinion of Blair, C., is adopted as the opinion of the court.
All the judges concur — Lamm, J., in result.