Court Opinion

ID: 1085219
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-15 14:13:37.527088+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:46:28.905755
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

STATE OF WASHINGTON,
                                                   No. 68438-8-1
                Respondent,
                                                   DIVISION ONE
                                                                                      *jt.
          v.

                                                                                      O

STEVEN CURTIS COLLINS,                             UNPUBLISHED OPINION

                Appellant.                         FILED: OCT 1 4 2013

          Per Curiam. Steven Collins appeals from the judgment and sentence entered

after he pleaded guilty to delivery of methadone. He contends the plea was not

knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily entered because he was misinformed

regarding the applicable statutory maximum and consequences of his plea. We

affirm.

          Collins pleaded guilty to one count of delivery of methadone. At the plea

hearing, the court informed him that the applicable maximum sentence was twenty

years in prison and a $50,000 fine and that his standard range was twenty months

and one day to sixty months. Collins acknowledged that he understood. He also

acknowledged that the State would recommend twenty months and one day of

incarceration and twelve months of community custody. The court accepted his plea.

          At sentencing, Collins requested a drug offender sentencing alternative

(DOSA), stating that he wanted the extended period of community custody of the

DOSA sentence. "[T]he reason why I want the DOSA, the longer supervision that I
No. 68438-8-1/2

have out in the community I think is better for me... instead of just 12 months or

whatever it is, you know what I'm saying, the longer is better. I feel like I need that

and I want that." Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP at 19). The trial court gave

Collins a prison based DOSA sentence of twenty months of confinement followed by

twenty months of community custody.

       Collins contends his plea is invalid because he was misadvised of the relevant

maximum sentence. Both the plea agreement and the court informed Collins that the

statutory maximum was twenty years. Collins contends this was error under

Blakelv v. Washington. 542 U.S. 296, 124 S. Ct. 2531, 159 L Ed. 2d 403 (2004).

According to Collins, the applicable maximum sentence was the maximum he could

receive under the plea agreement - i.e., the high end of his standard range or 60

months. This argument is controlled by our decision in State v. Kennar, 135 Wn.

App. 68, 74-75, 143 P.3d 326 (2006), rev, denied, 161 Wash. 2d 1013, 166 P.3d 1218

(2007). There, we held that "CrR 4.2 requires the trial court to inform a defendant of

both the applicable standard sentence range and the maximum sentence for the

charged offense as determined by the legislature." Kennar, 135 Wash. App. at 75.

Collins was informed of both the standard range and statutory maximum. There was

no error.

       Collins also alleges that his plea was involuntary because he was never

informed that violation of his DOSA could lead to imposition of his remaining

sentence. A defendant must be informed of all the direct consequences of his plea,
No. 68438-8-1/3

but he need not be advised of all possible collateral consequences of his plea.

State v. Ward, 123 Wash. 2d 488, 512, 869 P.2d 1062 (1994). "The distinction between

direct and collateral consequences of a plea 'turns on whether the result represents a

definite, immediate and largely automatic effect on the range of the defendant's

punishment'." State v. Barton, 93 Wash. 2d 301, 305, 609 P.2d 1353 (1980) (quoting

Cuthrell v. Director, 475 F.2d 1364, 1366 (4th Cir.), cert, denied, 414 U.S. 1005, 94
S. Ct. 362, 38 L. Ed. 2d 241 (1973)). For example, a habitual criminal proceeding is a

collateral consequence of a guilty plea, because "(1) it is not automatically imposed

by the court in which the defendant has entered a plea of guilty, and (2) it cannot

automatically enhance a defendant's sentence." Ward, 123 Wash. 2d at 513.

       Similarly, the revocation of a DOSA is not an automatic procedure with a direct

impact on Collins' sentence. An offender in violation of a DOSA may be reclassified
to serve the remaining balance of the original sentence. RCW 9.94A.662(3).

Revocation of a DOSA sentence requires a Department of Corrections proceeding

with a preponderance of the evidence standard of proof. In re Pers. Restraint

Petition of McKay, 127 Wash. App. 165, 168, 110 P.3d 856 (2005). Therefore, "any

effect on punishment flows not from the guilty plea itself but from additional

proceedings and thus cannot qualify as immediate." State v. Ross, 129Wn. 2d 279,
285, 916 P.2d 405 (1996). The possibility of additional incarceration resulting from

violation of the DOSA is merely speculative.
No. 68438-8-1/4

       Collins was properly instructed on the duration of incarceration and community

custody. VRP at 19-20, Clerk's Papers (CP) at 31. He clearly understood the direct

implications of his DOSA. If Collins was misinformed, that misinformation applies

only to a collateral consequence of his DOSA sentence and does not support

withdrawal of his plea.

       Due process requires that a guilty plea be knowing, voluntary, and intelligent.

In re Pers. Restraint of Isadore. 151 Wash. 2d 294, 297, 88 P.3d 390 (2004). "A guilty

plea is not knowingly made when it is based on misinformation of sentencing

consequences." |d. at 298. A defendant must be informed of all direct

consequences of his plea. ]d. The statutory maximum sentence for a charged crime

is a direct consequence. In re Pers. Restraint of Stockwell. 161 Wash. App. 329, 335,

254 P.3d 899 (2011) (citing State v. Wevrich. 163 Wash. 2d 554, 557, 182 P.3d 965

(2008)).

Statement of Additional Grounds

       Collins claims that his counsel was ineffective for failing to inform him about

the length and consequences of his DOSA sentence. Statement of Add'l Grounds for

Review (SAG) at 1. "A defendant claiming ineffective assistance of counsel must

show that counsel's performance was objectively deficient and resulted in prejudice."

State v. Emery, 174 Wash. 2d 741, 754-55, 278 P.3d 653 (2012) (citing State v.

McFarland, 127 Wash. 2d 322, 334-35, 899 P.2d 1251 (1995)). Courts strongly

presume that representation was effective. Emery, 174 Wn.2d. at 755.
No. 68438-8-1/5

      Trial counsel's responsibility is to assist the defendant in "evaluating the

evidence against him and in discussing the possible direct consequences of a guilty

plea." State v. Malik, 37 Wash. App. 414, 417, 680 P.2d 770 (1984). Failure to advise

of collateral consequences does not amount to ineffective assistance of counsel

requiring withdrawal of a plea. State v. Hollev, 75 Wash. App. 191, 197, 876 P.2d 973
(1994). As noted above, the possible incarceration due to revocation ofa DOSA
sentence is not a direct consequence of the plea. Any failure to inform Collins about

this collateral consequence does not support an ineffective assistance claim.

      We affirm the conviction.

                                         For the court: