Court Opinion

ID: 4684285
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-05-05 20:00:45.32451+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:04:20.402420
License: Public Domain

FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                                MAY 5 2021
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                             U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

CLAYTON DEL THIBODEAU,                           No.    19-56356

              Plaintiff-Appellant,               D.C. No.
                                                 3:16-cv-02680-GPC-AGS
 v.

ADT LLC, DBA ADT Holdings Inc.,                  MEMORANDUM*
DBA ADT Security Services,

              Defendant-Appellee.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Southern District of California
                    Gonzalo P. Curiel, District Judge, Presiding

                              Submitted May 4, 2021**
                              San Francisco, California

Before: FERNANDEZ, SILVERMAN, and N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judges.

      Clayton Del Thibodeau appeals the district court’s partial summary

judgment in his action alleging a variety of California state law claims against his

      *
        This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
         The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without
oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
former employer, ADT LLC (ADT). We affirm in part and vacate and remand in

part.

        (1) We have jurisdiction to decide this appeal. Thibodeau’s May 6th motion

was, in substance, a motion to alter or amend the judgment because it sought

prejudgment interest under California law. See Havensight Cap. LLC v. Nike, Inc.,

891 F.3d 1167, 1172 (9th Cir. 2018); McCalla v. Royal MacCabees Life Ins. Co.,

369 F.3d 1128, 1128,1134 (9th Cir. 2004); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e); Cal. Lab.

Code § 2802(b). That motion remained pending until the district court’s order on

October 21, 2019. See McCalla, 369 F.3d at 1130–34. Thus, Thibodeau’s notice

of appeal was timely filed on November 20, 2019. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A),

(4)(A)(iv).

        (2) The district court properly granted summary judgment to ADT on

Thibodeau’s Claim Two (whistleblower retaliation). In order to make out a prima

facie case for retaliation, Thibodeau had to adduce evidence suggesting that he

engaged in protected activity—that is, that he reported practices he reasonably

believed were illegal. See Ross v. County of Riverside, 248 Cal. Rptr. 3d 696,

704–05 (Ct. App. 2019). Thibodeau failed to do so. First, there is no evidence in

this record that Thibodeau reported ADT’s telephone solicitation practices as

illegal. Second, while he testified that he reported the illegality of ADT’s in-

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person solicitation practices and distribution of leads to vendors, Thibodeau has

not pointed to any evidence suggesting that his beliefs in the illegality of those

practices were reasonable. Cf. Mokler v. County of Orange, 68 Cal. Rptr. 3d 568,

581 (Ct. App. 2007).

         (3) The district court also properly granted summary judgment in favor of

ADT on Thibodeau’s Claim Three (unlawful disclosure of customer information)

because Thibodeau admitted that he was not a customer of ADT. See Lujan v.

Defs. of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 563, 112 S. Ct. 2130, 2137–38, 119 L. Ed. 2d 351

(1992). Even if ADT disclosed some of Thibodeau’s own information, that does

not support his claim for wrongful disclosure of customer information. Lenience

afforded to pro se litigants does not extend to creating unpled claims for them. See

Byrd v. Maricopa Cty. Sheriff’s Dep’t, 629 F.3d 1135, 1140 (9th Cir. 2011) (en

banc).

         (4) The district court erred in entering summary judgment on Thibodeau’s

Claim Five (unpaid overtime wages). ADT bore the burden of demonstrating that

California’s outside-salesperson exemption applied, and that factually specific

determination1 requires “‘a purely quantitative approach’” that “focuses

         1
        Walsh v. IKON Off. Sols., Inc., 56 Cal. Rptr. 3d 534, 546 (Ct. App. 2007);
see also Ramirez v. Yosemite Water Co., Inc., 978 P.2d 2, 5 (Cal. 1999).
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exclusively on whether the employee spends more than half of the workday

engaged in sales activities outside the office.” Duran v. U.S. Bank Nat’l Ass’n, 325

P.3d 916, 929 (Cal. 2014). Upon de novo review, we determine that summary

judgment was inappropriate because there were genuine disputes of material fact as

to whether Thibodeau “‘customarily and regularly work[ed] more than half [his]

working time away from the employer’s place of business selling . . . items or

obtaining orders.’” Ramirez, 978 P.2d at 9 (italics omitted); see also Cal. Lab.

Code § 1171.

      (5) We reject Thibodeau’s other claims, many of which simply reflect the

difficulties and “‘hazards which beset a layman when he seeks to represent

himself.’” Bias v. Moynihan, 508 F.3d 1212, 1219 (9th Cir. 2007). None are well

taken, nor do they reflect prejudicial error (let alone bias or misconduct on the part

of the district court). See id. Moreover, we decline to consider improperly

developed or newly minted arguments on appeal. See Crawford v. Lungren, 96

F.3d 380, 389 n.6 (9th Cir. 1996); Greenwood v. FAA, 28 F.3d 971, 977 (9th Cir.

1994).

      The parties shall bear their own costs.

      AFFIRMED in part, VACATED in part, and REMANDED.

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