Court Opinion

ID: 9867440
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-09-26 16:09:49.781324+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:48:40.302901
License: Public Domain

J-S22009-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37

  COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  DARYN SIMMONS                                :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 967 WDA 2022

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered August 4, 2022
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-63-CR-0000173-2018

BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J., and MURRAY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                           FILED: SEPTEMBER 26, 2023

       Appellant, Daryn Simmons, appeals from the August 4, 2022 judgment

of sentence entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County that

imposed an aggregate sentence of 3 days to 6 months’ incarceration.

Appellant was also ordered to pay $1,550.00 in fines after the trial court, in a

non-jury trial, convicted Appellant of driving under the influence of alcohol or

controlled substance – Schedule I controlled substance (marijuana) (“DUI”),

following too closely, and careless driving.1 We affirm.
____________________________________________

1 75 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3802(d)(1)(i), 3310(a), and 3714(a), respectively.

On his DUI conviction, Appellant was sentenced to 3 days to 6 months’
incarceration, as well as ordered to pay a $1,500.00 fine, undergo a drug and
alcohol evaluation and comply with any recommended treatment, and
complete alcohol highway safety school. The trial court also suspended
Appellant’s operating privileges for a period of 12 months and ordered, upon
restoration of his operating privileges, that Appellant be subject to Ignition
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       The trial court summarized the procedural history as follows:

       On November 22, 2017, Pennsylvania State Police Trooper
       Brendon Weaver filed a criminal complaint against [Appellant] for
       an incident that occurred on October 28, 2017[,] in Cecil
       Township[, Pennsylvania]. Thereafter, the Commonwealth filed a
       bill of information[, on March 28, 2018,] charging [Appellant with
       the aforementioned criminal [offenses], as well as driving under
       influence of alcohol or controlled substance – metabolite of
       substance (marijuana), 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(d)(1)(iii), driving
       under influence of alcohol or controlled substance - impaired
       ability, 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(d)(2), and drivers required to be
       licensed, 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1501(a).] Due to [Appellant’s] failure to
       appear for his preliminary hearing on January 19, 2018, the [trial]
       court issued a bench warrant. On April 26, 2018, [Appellant]
       appeared before [the trial court.] The [trial] court granted
       [Appellant] a continuance so that he could obtain an attorney and
       vacated the bench warrant. Additionally, the [trial] court informed
       [Appellant] on the record that his next hearing was scheduled for
       June 7, 2018. Notably, [Appellant] stated on the record that he
       knew that he was due back in court on that date, and that he
       wouldn't forget the date. [Appellant] also discussed with the
       [trial] court that he had not been receiving mail, but that he fixed
       this problem so that he would receive future notice[s] of his
       hearings. Nonetheless, [Appellant] did not show up for court on
       June 7, [2018,] and a bench warrant [was again] issued.
       [Appellant] was not located for an extended period of time.

       It was not until more than three years later that [Appellant] was
       located and apprehended. [On] August 27, 2021, the Public
       Defender's Office [of Washington County] entered its appearance
       on [Appellant’s] behalf, and the [trial] court held a bench warrant
       hearing. At said hearing, the [trial] court vacated [its most
       recent] bench warrant and released [Appellant] on an unsecured
       bail. The [trial] court also scheduled a plea hearing for September
       24, 2021.        On that date, [Appellant] requested another
____________________________________________

Interlock for a period of 12 months. Appellant was awarded 3 days credit for
time served and was immediately paroled.

The trial court imposed a $25.00 fine on each of Appellant’s summary
convictions – following too closely and careless driving.

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       continuance so that his counsel could have time to prepare the
       instant [Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure] 600 motion. As
       a result, the plea [] hearing was rescheduled to December 17,
       2021. [Appellant] presented [a Rule 600] motion on October 6,
       2021, and the [trial] court heard oral argument on the motion on
       December 13, 2021. After the hearing, the [trial] court ordered
       the parties to submit briefs on the matter within [30] days. On
       December 17, 2021, [Appellant] filed yet another continuance,
       and the plea hearing was rescheduled for February 17, 2022.

Trial Court Opinion, 2/7/22, at 1-2 (extraneous capitalization, footnote, and

record citations omitted).

       On February 7, 2022, the trial court denied Appellant’s Rule 600 motion,

and the case proceeded to a non-jury trial on May 9, 2022. On May 10, 2022,

the trial court found Appellant guilty of the aforementioned criminal charges,

as indicated supra.2 On August 4, 2022, the trial court sentenced Appellant

as discussed supra.3 This appeal followed.4

       Appellant raises the following issue for our review, “Did the trial court

err in denying [Appellant’s] pre[-]trial motion of relief for violation of his rights

____________________________________________

2 As part of his non-jury trial, Appellant stipulated to the facts contained  in
the November 22, 2017 affidavit of probable cause, his certified driving record,
and a lab report, which showed the presence of alcohol and controlled
substances in Appellant’s blood sample at the time of testing.

3 At the time of sentencing, the trial court nolle prossed the remaining criminal

charges for which Appellant was not convicted.

4 The trial court did not order Appellant to file a concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure
1925(b). On August 31, 2022, the trial court filed its Rule 1925(a) opinion
relying on the February 7, 2022 opinion that accompanied the order denying
Appellant’s Rule 600 motion.

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pursuant to [Rule] 600 and his constitutional right to a speedy trial?”

Appellant’s Brief at 4.

       A “reviewing court's general standard of review is whether the trial court

abused its discretion. The proper application of discretion requires adherence

to the law, and[, thus,] we exercise plenary review of legal questions.”

Commonwealth v. Baird, 975 A.2d 1113, 1118 (Pa. 2009) (citations

omitted); see also Commonwealth v Harth, 252 A.3d 600, 614 n.13 (Pa.

2021).

       “Overall, Rule 600 protects a defendant's speedy trial rights, as well as

society's right to effective prosecution of criminal cases.” Commonwealth

v. Morgan, 239 A.3d 1132, 1137 (Pa. Super. 2020) (citation and original

quotation marks omitted). 5 In pertinent part, Rule 600 requires “[t]rial in a
____________________________________________

5 Rule 600 “was adopted to protect [a] defendant's constitutional rights to a

speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution and
Article I, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania Constitution, in response to the United
States Supreme Court's decision in Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 530, 92
S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972) in which the [High] Court adopted a
four-part balancing test to determine whether a defendant's speedy trial rights
had been violated.” Commonwealth v. Colon, 87 A.3d 352, 356 (Pa. Super.
2014) (citation and original quotation marks omitted). “In Barker, the United
States Supreme Court identified the following four factors to be considered in
determining whether an unconstitutional speedy trial violation [] occurred: (1)
the length of delay; (2) the reason for delay; (3) the defendant's assertion of
his rights; and (4) the prejudice to the defendant.” Id. “Where [an] appellant
does not raise the separate constitutional issue apart from the Rule 600 issue
as a basis for the motion to dismiss, there is no need for the Barker balancing
test to be examined.” Id. at 357 n.2.

A review of Appellant’s Rule 600 motion in the case sub judice reveals that
Appellant requested that the trial court dismiss the charges against him “for

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court case in which a written complaint is filed against the defendant [to]

commence within 365 days from the date on which the complaint is filed.”

Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(A)(2)(a). “For purpose of paragraph (A), periods of delay

at any stage of the proceedings caused by the Commonwealth when the

Commonwealth [] failed to exercise due diligence shall be included in the

computation of the time within which trial must commence. Any other periods

of delay shall be excluded from the computation.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(C)(1).

“Stated in the most general terms, when the Commonwealth causes delay,

the Rule 600 clock continues to tick; when the defendant causes the delay,

the clock stops.” Morgan, 239 A.3d at 1137 (citation omitted). “Failure to

meet the rule's prompt-trial requirement constitutes grounds for dismissal.”

Commonwealth v. Mills, 162 A.3d 323, 324 (Pa. 2017), citing Rule

600(D)(1).

       In calculating whether the Rule 600 prompt-trial requirements have

been satisfied, a trial court begins by adding 365 days to the date on which

the complaint was filed. The resulting date is commonly referred to as the

“mechanical run date.” Once the mechanical run date is determined, the trial

court may, under certain circumstances, extend the mechanical run date to

____________________________________________

violating his right pursuant to Rule 600.” Motion to Dismiss for Violation of
[Rule] 600, 10/7/21, at 5 (unpaginated). Because Appellant did not raise his
right to a speedy trial under the United States Constitution as a separate
constitutional issue in his Rule 600 motion, we examine Appellant’s claim as
an alleged violation of Rule 600, without consideration of the Barker balancing
test. See Colon, 87 A.3d at 357 n.2.

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calculate what is commonly referred to as the “adjusted run date.”             If a

defendant’s trial has not commenced by the adjusted run date,6 then Rule 600

has been violated and the defendant is entitled to a dismissal of the charges.

       It is well-established that “time attributable to the normal progress of a

case simply is not ‘delay’ for purpose of Rule 600.” Mills, 162 A.3d at 325,

relying on Commonwealth v. Morgan, 398 A.2d 972 (Pa. 1972); see also

Harth, 252 A.3d at 616. “[T]he concept of ‘delay’ refers to the passage of a

period of time that is outside of the ordinary, routine[,] and expected passage

of time” between the filing of a complaint against the defendant and the

commencement of the trial. Mills, 162 A.3d at 324-325.

       “[P]eriods of delay at any stage of the proceedings caused by the

Commonwealth when it has failed to exercise due diligence are to be counted

in the 365–day tally[.]”7 Id. at 324. Judicial delay, i.e., delay caused by the

____________________________________________

6 “A trial commences when the trial  [court] determines that the parties are
present and directs them to proceed to voir dire or to opening argument, or
to the hearing of any motions that had been reserved for the time of trial, or
to the taking of testimony, or to some other such first step in the trial.”
Pa.R.Crim.P. 600 Comment.

7 “Due diligence is fact-specific, to be determined case-by-case; it does not

require perfect vigilance and punctilious care, but merely a showing the
Commonwealth has put forth a reasonable effort.” Commonwealth v.
Selenski, 994 A.2d 1083, 1089 (Pa. 2010). “Due diligence includes, among
other things, listing a case for trial prior to the run date, preparedness for trial
within the run date, and keeping adequate records to ensure compliance with
Rule 600.” Commonwealth v. Thompson, 136 A.3d 178, 183 (Pa. Super.
2016) (citation and emphasis omitted), appeal denied, 159 A.3d 941 (Pa.
2016).

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trial court’s congested calendar or other scheduling difficulties, is excused

from the 365-day calculation when the Commonwealth demonstrates, by a

preponderance of the evidence, that it exercised due diligence in bringing the

defendant’s case to trial. Mills, 162 A.3d at 325 (stating, “where a trial-ready

prosecutor must wait several months due to a [trial] court calendar, the time

should be treated as ‘delay’ for which the Commonwealth is not accountable”);

see also Harth, 252 A.3d at 618.

       “[W]here a period of delay is caused by the defendant's willful failure to

appear at a court proceeding of which he[, or she,] has notice, exclusion is

warranted.” Baird, 975 A.2d at 1118. Moreover, it is well-established that

“if a defendant is deemed to have had reasonable notice of court proceedings,

but fails to appear, the Commonwealth's due diligence in attempting to locate

him[, or her,] need not be assessed.”8 Id., relying on Cohen, 392 A.2d at
____________________________________________

8 Our Supreme Court’s decisions in Harth, supra, and Mills, supra, required

the Commonwealth to prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that it
exercised due diligence in bringing a defendant’s case to trial in order for
judicial delay to excuse the time delay. We do not read Harth and Mills as
overruling Commonwealth v. Cohen, 392 A.2d 1327, (Pa. 1978), and its
progeny, which required no showing of prosecutorial due diligence in the
instance where a defendant absconded and failed to appear for a court
proceeding after receiving reasonable notice of the date on which the
proceeding was to occur. To hold otherwise would reward an absconding
defendant with the dismissal of criminal charges.

Rather, we read Harth, supra, and Mills, supra, as adopting a rule that
applies only in instances where the trial court’s calendar or other judicial
factors may have prompted a defendant’s Rule 600 motion. See Harth, 252
A.3d at 617 (stating, “requiring the Commonwealth to demonstrate that it
acted with due diligence before a trial court excludes time from its Rule 600

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1331; see also Commonwealth v. Barbour, 189 A.3d 944, 956 (Pa. 2018)

(stating, “where a defendant voluntarily fails to appear for a required court

proceeding, the resulting delay is attributable to him[, or her,] alone, and shall

be excluded from the time chargeable to the Commonwealth”).

       Here, the crux of Appellant’s argument is that the trial court erred when

it excluded his more than three year abscondence (June 7, 2018, to August

27, 2021) from the Rule 600 calculation. Appellant’s Brief at 8-22. Appellant

predicates this claim on the Commonwealth’s alleged failure to exercise due

diligence in locating Appellant during this period.9 Id. Appellant contends

that, because he was neither placed on bail nor incarcerated without bail, he

was deprived of notice that he needed to appear in court.          Id. at 12-13

(arguing that, the purpose of bail is to provide notice to a defendant of his or

____________________________________________

time computation on the basis of ‘judicial delay’ comports with the
language of Rule 600(C)(1) and its commentary, the purpose behind the rule,
and our prior jurisprudence interpreting Rule 600 and its predecessor”
(emphasis added)).      Such instances are clearly distinguishable from
circumstances in which delays result from a defendant’s failure to appear at
judicial proceedings for which he or she received notice.           In such
circumstances, we shall continue to apply the rule adopted in Cohen, which
excuses assessment of the Commonwealth’s due diligence when the
defendant fails to appear despite reasonable notice.

9 Appellant concedes that the periods of April 26, 2018, to June 7, 2018 (42

days), and September 24, 2021, to December 17, 2021 (84 days), were
properly excluded from the Rule 600 calculations because these delays were
due to requests by Appellant for a continuance of his DUI hearing. See
Appellant’s Brief in Support of Rule 600 Motion, 1/4/2022, at 5 (unpaginated);
see also 1 Pa.C.S.A. § 1908 (stating that, a period of time “shall be so
computed to exclude the first and include the last day of such period”).

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her rights and obligations to appear in court). As such, Appellant maintains

that his absence from the criminal proceedings from June 7, 2018, to August

27, 2021, should not be excluded from the Rule 600 calculation. Brushing

aside the issuance of a bench warrant for his arrest owing to a failure to appear

in court on June 7, 2018, Appellant reasons that the Commonwealth needed

to actively look for him to fulfill its affirmative duty of due diligence at all

stages of the proceedings.       Id. at 13.     Appellant contends that “the

Commonwealth should pay for [its] lack of [due] diligence” in locating

Appellant. Id.

      In denying Appellant’s Rule 600 Motion, the trial court explained,

      Here, the criminal complaint was filed on November 22, 2017.
      Therefore, under Rule 600, the "mechanical run date" is November
      22, 2018, one year after the date that the Commonwealth filed
      the criminal complaint. Next, the [trial] court must compute the
      "adjusted run date."

      Despite the mechanical run date of November 22, 2018, there
      were lengthy periods of delay attributable to [Appellant] which
      extend this time period significantly. Due to [Appellant’s] failure
      to appear on January 19, 2018, a bench warrant was issued on
      January 22, 2018. [Appellant] eventually appeared in court on
      April 26, 2018, a total of 97 days later after his failure to appear
      on January 19, 2018.          Thus, this delay due to his own
      unavailability is attributed to him. At that hearing, [Appellant]
      asked for a continuance, and his hearing was postponed to June
      7, 2018, adding a further 42 days to the adjusted run date. Again,
      [Appellant] failed to appear on June 7, 2018, and a bench warrant
      was issued. He was not apprehended until August 27, 2021,
      [1,177] days after June 7, 2018. Therefore, this period of
      unavailability is also added to the adjusted run date. Thereafter,
      the [trial] court scheduled a plea court hearing for September 24,
      2021. On September 24[, 2021, Appellant] requested yet another
      [] continuance[,] and his hearing was rescheduled to December,
      17, 2021, which added an additional 84 days to his adjusted run

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      date. Once again, on December 17, 2021, [Appellant] filed a
      continuance, and his hearing was rescheduled to February 17,
      2022, 46 days later. All of the aforementioned continuances were
      requested by [Appellant] and the delay is thus attributable to him.
      Furthermore, when [Appellant] was unavailable from June 7,
      2018[,] until August 27, 2021, he already had notice of his June
      7, 2018 court date, so no due diligence analysis is necessary. A
      total of [1,446] days of delay are attributable to [Appellant.FN2]

         [Footnote 2:] 94 days (first failure to appear on 1/19/2018
         and bench warrant [issued] on 1/22/2018) + 42 days (first
         continuance on 4/26/2018) + [1,177] days ([Appellant] fails
         to appear on 6/7/2018 and is subsequently unavailable until
         8/27/2021) + 84 days (continuance on 9/24/2021) + 46
         days (continuance filed on 12/17/2021) = [1,446] days.
         November 22, 2018 + [1,446] days = November 7, 2022.

      Therefore, adding [1,446] days to the mechanical run date of
      November 22, 2018[,] results in an adjusted run date of
      November 7, 2022. No Rule 600 violation [] occurred, and as of
      the date of this opinion, the Commonwealth has until November
      7, 2022[,] to bring the case to trial.

Trial Court Opinion, 2/7/22, at 4-5 (record citation and extraneous

capitalization omitted).

      A review of the record in the case sub judice demonstrates that, on

November 22, 2017, a criminal complaint was filed against Appellant. This

criminal complaint, however, listed Appellant’s mailing zip code as “15312,” a

zip code assigned to Avella, Washington County, Pennsylvania. Appellant’s

then-current address was in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, which is assigned a

zip code of, inter alia, “15132.” Appellant failed to appear for his preliminary

hearing scheduled for January 5, 2018. Appellant also failed to appear for his

preliminary hearing that was rescheduled for January 19, 2018. As a result

of Appellant’s failure to appear at the second preliminary hearing, the

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aforementioned criminal charges were held over for court and a bench warrant

was issued for Appellant’s arrest. On March 19, 2018, Appellant appeared for,

inter alia, fingerprinting pursuant to an order issued by the magisterial district

court. Appellant was not, however, arrested pursuant to the bench warrant

at this time.

      On April 26, 2018, Appellant appeared for a DUI plea hearing before the

trial court. At this hearing, Appellant informed the trial court that he did not

appear for his two previous preliminary hearings because “[t]hey had the

wrong address” and that he had since “fixed” the address with the court

system. N.T., 4/26/18, at 2, 5. Appellant also requested a continuance for

time in which to obtain legal representation.      As part of his request for a

continuance, Appellant executed a statement waiving his rights under Rule

600 and his rights to a speedy trial. See Application for Continuance, 4/26/18.

The trial court vacated Appellant’s bench warrant and informed Appellant, in

open court, that his next appearance was scheduled for June 7, 2018. N.T.,

4/26/18, at 5.    Appellant acknowledged that he understood that he was

required to appear on that date, remarking that he would not forget the date

because it was his sister’s birth date. Id. A review of the trial court docket

demonstrates that a notice of Appellant’s June 2018 hearing date was

returned to the trial court by the United States Postal Service. Appellant failed

to appear for the June 7, 2018 DUI plea hearing, and a bench warrant was

issued that same day. A review of the trial court docket reveals that notice of

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the issuance of the bench warrant was returned by the United States Postal

Service.

        Appellant was subsequently apprehended pursuant to the bench warrant

on August 25, 2021, and appeared for a bench warrant hearing on August 27,

2021.    At the August 27, 2021 hearing, the trial court vacated the bench

warrant, set Appellant’s bail at $20,000.00 unsecured bond, and ordered

Appellant to appear for a DUI plea hearing on September 24, 2021. N.T.,

8/27/21, at 3. Appellant posted bond that same day and was released.

        On September 24, 2021, the trial court granted Appellant’s request for

a continuance to permit Appellant the opportunity to file a Rule 600 motion.

Appellant’s DUI plea hearing was rescheduled for December 17, 2021. On

October 7, 2021, Appellant filed a Rule 600 motion to dismiss. The trial court

held a hearing on Appellant’s Rule 600 motion on December 13, 2021, at the

conclusion of which the trial court requested that each party submit briefs

within 30 days.

        On December 17, 2021, the trial court granted Appellant’s request for a

continuance of the DUI plea hearing on the ground that Appellant’s Rule 600

motion was currently pending before the trial court. The DUI plea hearing

was rescheduled for February 17, 2022. Appellant filed a brief in support of

his Rule 600 motion on January 4, 2022, and the Commonwealth filed a brief

in opposition to the motion on January 12, 2022. On February 7, 2022, the

trial court denied Appellant’s Rule 600 motion.

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      On February 17, 2022, Appellant appeared for his DUI plea hearing and

indicated that he wished to proceed to a non-jury trial, which was

subsequently scheduled for May 9, 2022. On May 10, 2022, the trial court, in

a non-jury trial, convicted Appellant of the aforementioned criminal offenses

and Appellant was sentenced, as discussed supra, on August 4, 2022.

      Upon review, we discern no error in the trial court’s order denying

Appellant’s Rule 600 Motion.    The mechanical run date was November 22,

2018, 365 days after the filing of the criminal complaint.       Appellant was

convicted in a non-jury trial on May 10, 2022, 1,265 days after the mechanical

run date. Appellant requested two continuances, April 27, 2018, to June 7,

2018, (42 days) and September 25, 2021, to December 17, 2021 (84 days).

We discern no error in, and the record supports, the trial court’s exclusion of

these two continuances from the Rule 600 calculation, thus adjusting the run

date to March 28, 2019. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(C)(3)(a)(ii) (stating that, for

purposes of Rule 600, when the trial court grants a continuance, the trial court

“shall record to which party the period of delay caused by the continuance

shall be attributed, and whether the time will be included in or excluded from

the computation of the time within which trial must commence in accordance

with this rule”); see also Trial Court Continuance Order, 4/26/18 (attributing

the continuance request to Appellant and excluding the time period from any

Rule 600 calculation); Trial Court Continuance Order, 9/24/21 (attributing the

continuance request to Appellant and excluding the time period from any Rule

600 calculation).

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       Similarly, the period of June 7, 2018, to August 25, 202110 (1,175 days)

was properly excluded from the Rule 600 calculation because, after receiving

reasonable notice in open court on April 26, 2018, Appellant failed to appear

for the June 7, 2018 court proceeding.11 Because Appellant failed to appear

for the June 7, 2018 court proceeding, after receiving reasonable notice, the
____________________________________________

10 For purpose of calculating this time period, we use the end date of August

25, 2021, the date on which Appellant was available for purpose of Rule 600
for a court proceeding before the Court of Common Pleas of Washington
County. See N.T., 12/13/21, at 8 (stating, Appellant was taken into custody
and returned to Washington County on August 25, 2021).

11 We are cognizant that a portion of this 1,175-day timeframe included a
period of time in which our Supreme Court declared a judicial emergency due
to the COVID-19 global pandemic and suspended Rule 600. See In re
General Statewide Judicial Emergency, 228 A.3d 1283 (Pa. 2020)
(suspending Rule 600 from March 19, 2020, to April 3, 2020); see also In re
General Statewide Judicial Emergency, 229 A.3d 229 (Pa. 2020)
(extending the Rule 600 suspension to April 30, 2020); In re General
Statewide Judicial Emergency, 230 A.3d 1015 (Pa. 2020) (extending the
Rule 600 suspension to June 1, 2020). Pursuant to authority granted by our
Supreme Court (see In re General Statewide Judicial Emergency, 228
A.3d 1281 (Pa. 2020)), the president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of
Washington County suspended Rule 600 from March 16, 2020, to July 2, 2021,
for all cases pending before that trial court. See Administrative Order,
5/28/21 (C.P. Wash. Cnty. filed May 28, 2021) (unpublished order). As such,
Rule 600 was suspended in the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County
for 473 days during the 1,175-day timeframe in which Appellant was in
abscondence.

The suspension of Rule 600 is a “judicial delay” for purpose of Rule 600
calculations and, in order to exclude any time period due to the suspension of
Rule 600, the Commonwealth is required to first demonstrate due diligence in
bringing the case to trial See Commonwealth v. Faison, 297 A.3d 810, 824
(Pa. Super. 2023); see also Harth, 252 A.3d at 618; Mills, 162 A.3d at 325.
Absent proof of due diligence, which the trial court did not assess in the case
sub judice, we cannot cite judicial delay as grounds to exclude the 473 days
within the 1,175-day timeframe.

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time period of Appellant’s abscondence was properly attributed to Appellant

and excluded from the Rule 600 calculation without an assessment of the

Commonwealth’s due diligence in attempting to locate Appellant. 12           See

Baird, 975 A.2d at 1118; see also Cohen, 392 A.2d at 1331; Barbour, 189

A.3d at 956.      Applying this 1,177-day exclusion, the adjusted run date is

calculated as June 17, 2022, 38 days after Appellant’s conviction. Therefore,

we discern no error of law or abuse of discretion in the trial court order denying

Appellant’s Rule 600 motion.13

____________________________________________

12 The absence of bail in the case sub judice is of no consequence.
                                                                Appellant
was informed in open court on April 26, 2018, of the June 7, 2018 hearing
date, and Appellant acknowledged that he was required to appear on that
date.

13 We do, however, find that the trial court erred in extending the mechanical

run date by 97 days for the period of time from January 19, 2018, to April 26,
2018. The trial court reasoned that this 97-day period extended the
mechanical run date because Appellant failed to appear for his preliminary
hearing on January 19, 2018, and did not appear before the trial court until
April 26, 2018. As discussed supra, Appellant’s voluntary failure to appear for
a trial proceeding, such as his preliminary hearing, can only be excluded from
the Rule 600 calculation when the Commonwealth demonstrated that
Appellant had reasonable notice of the proceeding. Here, the record reveals
that the criminal complaint contained an incorrect zip code for purpose of
mailing Appellant notice of the January 19, 2018 preliminary hearing and that
notices of the court proceedings were returned by the United States Postal
System as undeliverable. As such, the Commonwealth failed to demonstrate
that Appellant had reasonable notice of the January 19, 2018 preliminary
hearing and the 97-day period cannot be excluded from the Rule 600
calculation.

Similarly, Appellant’s request for a continuance on December 17, 2021, which
resulted in a continuance of Appellant’s case from December 18, 2021, to
February 17, 2022 (62 days), was not attributable to Appellant and, thus, was

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       Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 9/26/2023

____________________________________________

not excluded from the Rule 600 calculation. This continuance was due to the
pendency of Appellant’s Rule 600 motion, which was not resolved until the
trial court’s disposition on February 7, 2022, and was erroneously attributed
to Appellant, rather than an administrative delay. See Trial Court Continuance
Order, 12/17/21 (attributing the delay to Appellant).              Hence, this
postponement of Appellant’s case was part of the normal progress of a case
while parties submitted requested briefs and is not a delay attributable to
Appellant for purpose of Rule 600. See Mills, 162 A.3d at 325; see also
Harth, 252 A.3d at 616.

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