Court Opinion

ID: 9916462
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-01-10 01:07:09.292864+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:25:29.036463
License: Public Domain

Byrnes v RP1185 LLC
               2024 NY Slip Op 30029(U)
                     January 5, 2024
           Supreme Court, New York County
        Docket Number: Index No. 160214/2019
                  Judge: Lyle E. Frank
Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip
 Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York
 State and local government sources, including the New
  York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.
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                       publication.
                                                                                                                        INDEX NO. 160214/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 239                                                                                             RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/05/2024

                                   SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
                                             NEW YORK COUNTY
            PRESENT:             HON. LYLE E. FRANK                                                 PART                              11M
                                                                                      Justice
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X      INDEX NO.          160214/2019
             THOMAS BYRNES, SUZETTE BYRNES,
                                                                                                                       06/21/2023,
                                                         Plaintiff,                                                    10/06/2023,
                                                                                                    MOTION DATE        10/10/2023
                                                 -v-
                                                                                                    MOTION SEQ. NO.    004 005 006
             RP1185 LLC,LEND LEASE (US) CONSTRUCTION LMB
             INC.,GLOBAL PRECAST INC.,
                                                                                                      DECISION + ORDER ON
                                                         Defendant.                                         MOTION

            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

             RP1185 LLC, LEND LEASE (US) CONSTRUCTION LMB INC.                                                 Third-Party
                                                                                                         Index No. 595445/2020
                                                          Plaintiff,

                                                 -against-

             GLOBAL PRECAST INC.

                                                          Defendant.
             --------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

             GLOBAL PRECAST INC., GLOBAL PRECAST INC.                                                      Second Third-Party
                                                                                                         Index No. 595818/2020
                                                          Plaintiff,

                                                 -against-

             JEMCO ERECTORS INC.

                                                          Defendant.
             --------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

            The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 004) 114, 115, 116, 117,
            118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141,
            142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151
            were read on this motion to/for                                                      JUDGMENT - SUMMARY                   .

            The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 005) 152, 153, 154, 155,
            156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176,
            177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 211, 213, 223, 224, 225, 226, 231, 232, 233
            were read on this motion to/for                                                      JUDGMENT - SUMMARY                   .

             160214/2019 Motion No. 004 005 006                                                                         Page 1 of 9

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                                                                                                      INDEX NO. 160214/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 239                                                                         RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/05/2024

            The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 006) 186, 187, 188, 189,
            190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210,
            212, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 227, 228, 229, 230, 234, 235, 236
            were read on this motion to/for                               JUDGMENT - SUMMARY                        .

                    This action arises out of injuries sustained on a construction site as a result of alleged

            violations of the New York State Labor Law. The parties each move, by motion and cross-

            motion, for summary judgment. The Court will address each motion in turn.

            Background

                    On September 28, 2019, the date of the incident, plaintiff, Thomas Byrnes, was employed

            by second-third party defendant Jemco Erectors Inc. (“Jemco”). Construction was being

            performed at 1185 Broadway New York, New York. The premises is owned by defendant/third-

            party plaintiff RP1185 LLC (“RP1185”). RP1185 hired defendant/third-party plaintiff Lendlease

            (US) Construction LMB Inc. (“Lendlease”) as the general contractor of the project. Lendlease

            hired the defendant/third-party defendant/second third-party plaintiff, Global Precast Inc.

            (“Global”) to provide, manufacture, and install the precast panels on the project. Global then

            subcontracted with Jemco to perform installation of the precast panels.

                    Immediately prior to the subject accident, plaintiff was in an elevated scissor lift.

            Plaintiff, and other employees of Jemco were installing the precast panels. Plaintiff was working

            from a scissor lift making bottom lateral connections on the panels by installing threaded rods

            through embeds in the panels to embeds located in the concrete beam that the panels were being

            attached to. The subject panel was released by the crane and plaintiff was unable to make the

            connections as necessary and was instructed to place wooden shims as a temporary fix. The

            panel began to fall off the wall and struck the scissor lift. Plaintiff jumped off the scissor lift to

            avoid being crushed by the 14,600-pound panel.

             160214/2019 Motion No. 004 005 006                                                       Page 2 of 9

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                                                                                                       INDEX NO. 160214/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 239                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/05/2024

                                                   Summary Judgment Standard

                    It is a well-established principle that the "function of summary judgment is issue finding,

            not issue determination." Assaf v Ropog Cab Corp., 153 AD2d 520, 544 [1st Dept 1989]. As

            such, the proponent of a motion for summary judgment must tender sufficient evidence to show

            the absence of any material issue of fact and the right to entitlement to judgment as a matter of

            law. Alvarez v Prospect Hospital, 68 NY2d 320, 501 [1986]; Winegrad v New York University

            Medical Center, 64 NY 2d 851 [1985]. Courts have also recognized that summary judgment is a

            drastic remedy that deprives a litigant of his or her day in court. Therefore, the party opposing a

            motion for summary judgment is entitled to all favorable inferences that can be drawn from the

            evidence submitted.

            Motion Sequence 004

                    Plaintiff moves for partial summary judgment on his claims pursuant to Labor Law § 240

            (1) against all direct defendants and his claims pursuant to Labor Law § 200 and common law

            negligence as against Global only. Global opposes the instant motion in its entirety. RP1185 and

            Lendlease oppose the portion of the motion based upon a violation of Labor Law § 240 (1). For

            the reasons set forth below, plaintiff’s motion is granted in part.

            Labor Law § 240 (1)

                    Labor Law § 240 (1) provides in pertinent part that

                             "[a]ll contractors and owners and their agents, […] who contract for
                             but do not direct or control the work, in the erection, demolition,
                             repairing, altering, painting, cleaning or pointing of a building or
                             structure shall furnish or erect, or cause to be furnished or erected
                             for the performance of such labor, scaffolding, hoists, stays, ladders,
                             slings, hangers, blocks, pulleys, braces, irons, ropes, and other
                             devices which shall be so constructed, placed and operated as to give
                             proper protection to a person so employed."

             160214/2019 Motion No. 004 005 006                                                        Page 3 of 9

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                                                                                                      INDEX NO. 160214/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 239                                                                         RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/05/2024

                      It is well established law that an accident alone does not establish a Labor Law § 240 (1)

            violation or causation. (Blake v Neighborhood Hous. Servs. of N.Y. City, Inc., 1 NY3d 280 [2003];

            Rudnik v Brogor Realty Corp., 45 AD3d 828 [2d Dept 2007]; Forschner v Jucca Co., 63 AD3d

            996 [2d Dept 2009]). Rather, the protections afforded by this section are invoked only where

            plaintiff demonstrates that he was engaged in an elevation-related activity and the failure to provide

            him with a safety device was the proximate cause of his injuries. See id.

                      To prevail on summary judgment in a falling object case under the scaffold law, “the

            injured worker must demonstrate the existence of a hazard contemplated under that statute and the

            failure to use, or the inadequacy of, a safety device of the kind enumerated therein” Fabrizi v 1095

            Ave. of Americas, L.L.C., 22 NY3d 658, 662 [2014].

                      In support of its motion, plaintiff contends that that the record establishes that the panel

            fell because of the way it was fabricated. Plaintiff, citing the accident report, contends that

            Global was issued citations to Global following the subject accident and that numerous panels

            had to be reinspected and removed based on the inadequacy of the panels manufactured by

            Global.

                      Here, there is no dispute that the collapse of the panel is a cause of the subject accident.

            The fact that the panel fell, struck the scissor left and caused plaintiff to jump to avoid being

            struck by the panel is not in dispute. Whether the cause of the collapse was a manufacturing

            defect or an error in installation, the Court does not opine, nor is it relevant for the purposes of

            this determination of the applicability of Labor Law § 240 (1). Plaintiff does not adequately

            establish that there was a failure of a safety device or lack of a safety device that caused

            plaintiff’s accident. The cases relied on by plaintiff are inapposite, as will be discussed below.

             160214/2019 Motion No. 004 005 006                                                       Page 4 of 9

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  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 239                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/05/2024

                    In Runner, distinguishable from the instant matter, a worker was injured when the “make-

            shift” pulley system he was operating rapidly descended causing injury to the worker’s hand

            (Runner v NY Stock Exch., Inc., 13 NY3d 599, 601 [2009]). The Court of Appeals found that the

            pulley system was the safety device and that there was a “causal connection between the object's

            inadequately regulated descent and plaintiff's injury” id at 605.

                    In Jordan, the plaintiff was injured when a rail struck him (Jordan v City of NY, 126

            AD3d 619, 620 [1st Dept 2015]). There the First Department based its decision on the fact that

            the height from which the rail fell was not de minimis, the issue of the height of the panel is not

            at issue here, thus this case is also distinguishable from the instant matter.

                    In Gallegos, plaintiff was injured when a slab fell while being hoisted (Gallegos v Bridge

            Lane Vestry, LLC, 188 AD3d 566 [1st Dept 2019]). Here, the panel was not in the process of

            being hoisted and had been released from the crane at least 5 minutes before the panel began to

            move and fall.

                    Plaintiff cites to Howe v Syracuse University, 306 AD2d 891 [4th Dept 2003], where a

            wall collapsed on scaffold, during a demolition project, and plaintiff jumped off the scaffold

            resulting in injuries. There the Fourth Department found that plaintiff established he was not

            furnished with an appropriate safety device. Howe is distinguishable from the case law in this

            Department as well as the facts of the instant matter. Unlike the plaintiff in Howe, plaintiff here

            has not established the inadequacy of a safety device or lack thereof. As discussed above, the

            panel did not fall while being hoisted.

                    Plaintiff relies on Ortega, that stands for the general proposition that “plaintiff merely has

            to demonstrate that he or she was injured when an elevation-related safety device failed to

            perform its function to support and secure him from injury” (Ortega v City of New York, 95

             160214/2019 Motion No. 004 005 006                                                     Page 5 of 9

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  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 239                                                                      RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/05/2024

            AD3d 125 [1st Dept 2012]). Plaintiff’s reliance on this case underscores plaintiff’s failure to

            establish that a safety device failed to perform its function and prevent his injury. Accordingly,

            plaintiff has failed to establish entitlement to judgment as a matter of law as to his Labor Law §

            240 (1).

            Labor Law § 200

                    It is well-settled law that an owner or general contractor or its agents will not be found

            liable under common law or Labor Law § 200 where it has no notice of any dangerous condition

            which may have caused the plaintiff’s injuries, nor the ability to control the activity which caused

            the dangerous condition. See Russin v Picciano & Son, 54 NY2d 311[1981]; see also Rizzuto v

            Wenger Contr. Co., 91 NY2d 343, 352 [1998]; Singleton v Citnalta Constr. Corp., 291 AD2d 393,

            394 [2002].

                    Here, as discussed above, plaintiff has established, as well as a review of the records

            submitted in support and in opposition to the various motions for summary judgment, that

            Global, as the subcontractor responsible for the fabrication and the installation of the subject

            panels is liable. This finding does not preclude a finding in Global’s favor regarding its

            indemnification claims as against Jemco. Regardless of what caused the panel to fall, it is not

            disputed that either cause, the fabrication, direct causal connection of the alleged defective

            condition by Global or the installation, which was contractually the obligation of Global then

            subcontracted to Jemco, would entitle plaintiff to summary judgment on his common law

            negligence and Labor Law § 200 claim. Accordingly, plaintiff has established entitlement to

            judgment as a matter of law as against Global.

            Motion Sequence 005

             160214/2019 Motion No. 004 005 006                                                    Page 6 of 9

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  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 239                                                                                 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/05/2024

                       Defendants/third-party plaintiffs, RP1185 and Lendlease, move to dismiss the Labor Law

            §§ 200, 241(6) claims as against them and seek contractual indemnification from Global as well

            as dismissal of Global’s cross claims. Jemco cross moves to dismiss the second third-party

            complaint1. Plaintiff does not oppose this motion.

                       RP1185 and Lendlease have established a prima facie entitlement to the relief sought,

            with respect to the dismissal of plaintiff’s claims. Accordingly, that portion of RP1185 and

            Lendlease’s motion is granted without opposition.

                       As to the portion of the motion that seeks contractual indemnification from Global, that

            portion is granted. RP1185 and Lendlease has established that it was not negligent, that it did not

            supervise or control the injury inducing work, and the record is clear, as discussed above, that

            accident was a result of work Global was contracted to do, whether or not it was a result of its

            own or its subcontractors negligence.

                       In opposition, Global contends that RP1185 and Lendlease seeking dismissal of

            plaintiff’s claims is inconsistent with its claim for contractual indemnification. The Court does

            not agree. Global further argues, that Jemco was solely responsible for supervision of the work

            that caused the accident and thus Global cannot be required to indemnify RP1185 and Lendlease.

            This argument fails, however, to address the language in its contract with RP1185 and Lendlease

            that specifically provides in pertinent part that Global will defend, indemnify and hold harmless

            against any claim

                                “caused by, arising out of, resulting from, or occurring in connection
                                with the work by contractor, its subcontractors […] or their agents,
                                servants, or employees, whether or not caused in part by the active
                                or passive negligence or other fault of a party indemnified
                                hereunder”

            1
             Notwithstanding Jemco’s improper cross motion, as it is made against the non-movant, it is denied for the reason
            addressed when discussion motion sequence 006, Global’s motion for summary judgment.
                160214/2019 Motion No. 004 005 006                                                             Page 7 of 9

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  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 239                                                                                  RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/05/2024

            See NYSCEF Doc. 119, p. 13.

                       Accordingly, the Court finds that RP1185 and Lendlease have established entitlement to

            contractual indemnification from Global, as well as dismissal of Global’s cross claims. Global

            has failed to raise a triable issue of fact.

            Motion Sequence 006

                       Defendant/third-party defendant/second third-party plaintiff, Global, moves for summary

            judgment seeking to dismiss Labor Law §200, § 240(1), and §241(6)2, and common law

            negligence claims against it and for contractual indemnity and breach of contract for failure to

            procure insurance against Jemco. Jemco and plaintiff oppose the instant motion.

                       In support of its motion, Global contends that the Labor Law § 200 claims should be

            dismissed as against it because it was not negligent, that plaintiff’s claims pursuant to Labor Law

            § 240 (1) also require dismissal as the accident did not arise from the inadequacy or absence of a

            safety device. Further, Global contends that the accident was caused by the negligence of Jemco,

            thus triggering Jemco’s obligation to indemnify pursuant to the parties’ contract.

                       In opposition to the motion plaintiff contends that for the same reasons it seeks summary

            judgment against Global, Global’s motion for summary judgment requires denial.

                       For the same reasons the Court denied plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment on its

            Labor Law § 240 (1) claims, plaintiff has not established that a defective safety device caused

            the accident, likewise, Global has not established that the inadequacy of a safety device or a

            failure to provide a safety device did not cause the accident.

            2
             Plaintiff does not oppose the portion of the motion that seeks dismissal of the claims pursuant to Labor Law §
            241(6) and withdraws those claims as to all defendants in its opposition to Global’s motion.
                160214/2019 Motion No. 004 005 006                                                              Page 8 of 9

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  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 239                                                                            RECEIVED NYSCEF: 01/05/2024

                    As to the portion of the motion that seeks relief as against Jemco, the Court finds that

            Global has failed to establish entitlement to judgment as a matter of law. As has been discussed

            at various points in this decision, the cause of the accident is in dispute. The expert affidavits

            provided both in support of the motion and in opposition creates an issue of fact that cannot be

            resolved in a motion for summary judgment. As to the argument that Jemco failed to procure the

            proper insurance based on the fact the insurer failed to cover Global in the instant matter, the

            Court rejects that argument, for all the reasons stated above. Accordingly, it is hereby

                    ORDERED that plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment, motion sequence 004 is

            granted in part as to its common law negligence and Labor Law § 200 claims as against Global;

            and it is further

                    ORDERED that RP1185 and Lendlease’s motion for summary judgment, motion

            sequence 005, is granted in its entirety and Jemco’s cross-motion is denied as improper;

                    ORDERED that Global’s motion for summary judgment, motion sequence 006 is denied

            in its entirety.

                     1/5/2024
                      DATE                                                            LYLE E. FRANK, J.S.C.
             CHECK ONE:                     CASE DISPOSED                X   NON-FINAL DISPOSITION

                                            GRANTED             DENIED   X   GRANTED IN PART             OTHER

             APPLICATION:                   SETTLE ORDER                     SUBMIT ORDER

             CHECK IF APPROPRIATE:          INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN       FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT       REFERENCE

             160214/2019 Motion No. 004 005 006                                                        Page 9 of 9

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