Court Opinion

ID: 8794890
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-26 14:06:38.795965+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:03:34.336491
License: Public Domain

LACOMBE, Circuit Judge.
The vessel United Shores was constructed by the bankrupt pursuant to a contract with the Buffalo & Ft. Erie Ferry & Railway Company, hereinafter called the Buffalo Ferry Company. The contract provided that the title to the vessel should remain in the Shipbuilding Company until payment of the purchase price had been made, but, for the purpose of enabling a mortgage to be placed on her to provide funds with which to pay the purchase price, it was stipulated that the Shipbuilding Company should transfer the vessel to some person or corporation designated by the purchaser which person or corporation should execute a mortgage to secure bonds to be issued and there retransfer the vessel to the Shipbuilding Company. The vessel was launched in May, 1911, but was not then completed, *225work being done on her for two months more. On May 31, 1911, the Shipbuilding Company executed to the International Ferry Company (designated by the Buffalo Ferry Company) a bill of sale of the vessel, which was described as being “now in the process of construction at the shipyard of the vendor.” On June 1, 1911, the International Perry Company executed the mortgage in question to the Commonwealth Trust Company. The mortgage stated that the vessel “has not been registered or enrolled, it still being in course of construction, but is to be hereafter registered or enrolled.” On June 2, 1911, the International Ferry Company executed to the Shipbuilding Company a bill of sale of the vessel “now in process of construction at the shipyard of the vendee,” subject to the mortgage.
Chi August 9, 1911, the vessel was so far completed that upon certificate of the master carpenter (Rev. Stat. U. S. § 4147 [Comp. St. 1913, § 7724]) and the surveyor, and the oath of the president of the Shipbuilding Company, her owner, certificate of enrollment as a vessel of the United States (Id. § 4319 [section 8065]) was issued by the deputy collector of customs at Buffalo. At what hour on August 9th this transaction took place does not appear. On the same day there were recorded in the office of the collector at 11:45 a. m. the bill of sale to the International P'erry Company, at 11:50 a. m. the mortgage to the. Trust Company, at 11:52 a. m. the bill of sale to the Shipbuilding Company.
[1, 2] The fundamental question in the case is whether the mortgage was properly recorded, for unless it was the record is not legally notice to any one. Unless it was a mortgage properly recordable in the customhouse, the mere fact that it was recorded there would not operate as constructive notice of its existence. Section 4192, Revised Statutes U. S. (Comp. St. 1913, § 7778), reads:
“No bill of sale, mortgage, hypothecation, or conveyance of any vessel, or part of any vessel, of the United States, shall he valid against any person other than the grantor or mortgagor, his heirs and devisees, and persons having actual notice thereof, unless such bill of sale, mortgage, hypothecation, or conveyance is recorded in the office of the collector of the customs where such vessel is registered or enrolled.”
This section is confined to bills of sale, conveyances, or mortgages of vessels of the United States. Mortgages of personal property generally, or of items of personal property which it is intended shall be put together to make a vessel, which it is intended shall thereafter he enrolled as a vessel of the United States, are not within its enumeration. The status of the thing mortgaged is to be determined by its condition when the mortgage is made. If it be then a vessel of the United States, the section applies; if it be not then such a vessel, the section does not apply. Of course, between the parties the mortgage is good; for mortgages of personal property, not United States vessels, there are provisions whereby constructive notice of the making of such mortgages can be given; a United States customhouse is not the place to record them. That this mortgage, when it was made June 1, 1911, was not a mortgage of a vessel of the United States, is indisputable. Not only does the testimony show that two months’ work remained to be done in order to complete her sufficiently to obtain *226certificate of enrollment, but on the face of the mortgage itself it is stated that the vessel is “still being in course of- construction,” and' that she is “to be hereafter registered or enrolled with the collector of customs.” The subsequent completion and enrollment of the vessel on August 9, 1911, no doubt changes the status of the vessel itself; but we cannot see how it changes’the status of the mortgage, which was made two months before when the vessel was yet incomplete. In our opinion the mortgage was not one recordable in the customhouse, and the collector should have refused the request to record it. Since it is not recordable, its improper recording does not operate as constructive notice under section 4192.
The proper course would have been, first, to enroll the vessel in the name of its owner as a vessel of the United States. This was done. Then the owner could execute a mortgage of it, which, being a mortgage of a United States vessel, could have been recorded. Then any bill of sale which the owner might choose to execute could be executed and recorded. Such documents, being thus properly recorded, would be notice from the date of their recording. Neither the two bills of sale, nor the mortgage, all made before enrollment, were recordable under section 4192, and therefore their improper recording was constructive notice to no one, although the instruments were operative between the parties.
As to the claims of the Buffalo Ferry Company and of Beals & Co., wé concur with the District Judge.
Decree affirmed, with costs.