Court Opinion

ID: 9901241
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-21 16:06:33.361581+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:21:29.479355
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 22-1987
                           Filed November 21, 2023

STATE OF IOWA,
     Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

KEVIN ISIDRO MARTINEZ,
     Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Scott D. Rosenberg,

Judge.

      Kevin Isidro Martinez appeals the sentences imposed following his pleas of

guilty to two counts of intimidation with a dangerous weapon. AFFIRMED.

      Benjamin D. Bergmann and Alexander Smith of Parrish Kruidenier Dunn

Gentry Brown Bergmann & Messamer L.L.P., Des Moines, for appellant.

      Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Martha E. Trout, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee.

      Considered by Greer, P.J., and Schumacher and Badding, JJ.
                                        2

BADDING, Judge.

       When Kevin Isidro Martinez was sixteen years old, he participated in a

drive-by shooting at a high school that killed one person and injured two

bystanders. He was jointly charged with two others for first-degree murder, two

counts of attempted murder, two counts of willful injury, and intimidation with a

dangerous weapon. Pursuant to a plea agreement with the State, Martinez pled

guilty to two counts of intimidation with a dangerous weapon, see Iowa Code

§ 708.6(1) (2022), in exchange for dismissal of the other charges.       He was

sentenced to two consecutive indeterminate ten-year prison terms.        Martinez

appeals. Finding no abuse of discretion, we affirm.

       Before his sentencing hearing, Martinez retained a psychologist to conduct

a violence risk assessment. According to Martinez’s account to the psychologist,

he and nine associates drove to a high school to watch a fight. Martinez drove the

second car in a three-car caravan. He knew several people in the cars had guns

with them, but he “did not know why they were carrying firearms on this particular

occasion.” As they drove by the high school, the youths in the cars opened fire

into a crowd, killing one person that someone in the cars had an issue with and

injuring two others.

       Defense counsel submitted the psychologist’s report at the sentencing

hearing. It summarized the adverse experiences Martinez encountered as a child

(including witnessing the sexual assault of female relatives), the breakup of his

parents, poverty, and his “development of problems with emotional regulation and

conduct” and mental-health issues. Martinez became close with a group of young

men he considered “brothers,” some of whom “had a history of antisocial attitudes
                                         3

or behavior that included carrying weapons such a knives or guns.”           Of the

shooting, the report noted “Martinez’s involvement may be characterized as limited

or indirect” because he was in the group as a “follower rather than a leader,” he

“felt responsible or pressured to support the other group members,” he was not

armed, he “was not aware of any plan in several respects,” and “[h]is actions during

the shooting were limited to driving a vehicle.” The report also noted Martinez’s

poor insight and judgment, which the psychologist said

      was the direct result of his vulnerability or susceptibility to the
      negative influence of other group members with antisocial attitudes,
      which in turn stemmed strong attachment to other group members
      and relative immaturity (i.e., he was less emotionally and socially
      mature than would have been expected based on his age and stage
      of development). Ultimately, both the latter factors can be traced
      back to serious disturbance of his familial relationships.

      The psychologist concluded that a custodial sentence was “unlikely to

mitigate any risk of crime or violence” and “may interfere with the gains” Martinez

had made during the months before. He accordingly recommended a community

sentence with supervision, monitoring, and treatment “for at least the next five to

eight years.” Highlighting these same considerations, defense counsel asked the

court to follow the psychologist’s recommendation and impose a suspended

sentence.

      The State, on the other hand, argued the report “heavily minimized”

Martinez’s role in the crimes when compared to his admissions in the plea

proceeding: Martinez admitted he met up with others before a fight at the high

school, there was a plan to shoot firearms into an assembly of people that Martinez

actively encouraged, and he drove one of the vehicles knowing the others intended

to provoke fear or anger by shooting firearms at others. The State recommended
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consecutive terms of imprisonment, outlining the serious nature of the offenses,

the different victims, and the aggravating circumstances. In the State’s view, a

custodial sentence would be a general deterrent and best provide for Martinez’s

rehabilitation—offering structure and the ability to pursue his education and

participate in therapy and programming.

      After receiving victim statements, the district court imposed its sentences:

               The court must consider the factors such as the age of the
      offender, the features of youthful behavior such as immaturity,
      impetuousness, failure to appreciate risk and consequences. Also
      to consider the family and home environment for the youth. The
      circumstances of the offense. The challenges for youthful offenders
      in navigating through the criminal process and the possibility of
      rehabilitation and capacity for change.
               The defendant has pled guilty and taken responsibility in
      Count I and Count II by pleading guilty to intimidation with a
      dangerous weapon. Now is the time that he must give accountability.
               I want to mention that all the victims’ statements were very
      well done. Ms. [O.]’s compassion under the circumstances I find
      remarkable. More of a sermon than a charge. The words have a
      great impact.
               This crime that occurred is planned, premeditated, terroristic
      in nature. The idea of this happening in broad daylight, three cars,
      ten people, all the discharged firearms. I think there were numerous
      shots, tens. A particularly cruel offense with no regard for the safety
      of others. Two innocent people, not even a target, gunned down and
      their lives changed forever and the other one dead.
               The court has reviewed the presentence investigation report.
      I’ve also reviewed Dr. Hart’s report. I tend to agree with [the
      prosecutor]. It does not contain all the facts and that there has been
      minimization in the report. The active driving of one of the cars
      involved in this entire act was aiding and abetting to these shootings
      and the defendant’s actions were criminal and horrific.
               So at this time the defendant is hereby adjudged guilty of
      Count I, intimidation with a dangerous weapon, and sentenced to a
      term of incarceration not to exceed ten years. Count II, adjudged
      guilty of intimidation with a dangerous weapon sentenced to a term
      of incarceration not to exceed ten years.
               The court finds the sentences should run consecutive to one
      another for a total period not to exceed twenty years based upon the
      separate and serious nature of the offenses and to provide maximum
                                         5

      incentive for the defendant to comply with the terms and conditions
      when he will be released on parole.
             Also to provide maximum opportunity for rehabilitation of the
      defendant and for the protection of the public. The public needs to
      be protected from acts of this nature. When people can’t walk on
      streets in safety, near a high school, it is very sad and very telling
      about ourselves.
             The court has considered all the factors in Lyle. I’ve also
      considered all the factors in section 907.5 of the Code of Iowa.

      Martinez appeals,1 claiming the court abused its sentencing discretion

because it “allowed the nature of the offense to overwhelm its analysis” and gave

only “lip service” to mitigating factors like his youth and immaturity. See State v.

Crooks, 911 N.W.2d 153, 161 (“We review the district court’s sentence for an

abuse of discretion.” (citation omitted)). In his view, the Lyle factors “demanded a

probationary sentence.”2

      “When a sentence is not mandatory, the district court must exercise its

discretion in determining what sentence to impose.” See State v. Millsap, 704

N.W.2d 426, 433 (Iowa 2005) (citation omitted); accord State v. Formaro, 638

1  Because Martinez is challenging his sentence and not his plea, he has
established good cause to appeal as required by Iowa Code section 814.6(1)(a)(3)
(2022). See State v. Damme, 944 N.W.2d 98, 105 (Iowa 2020).
2 Those factors are:

        (1) the age of the offender and the features of youthful behavior, such
        as “immaturity, impetuosity, and failure to appreciate risks and
        consequences”; (2) the particular “family and home environment”
        that surround the youth; (3) the circumstances of the particular crime
        and all circumstances relating to youth that may have played a role
        in the commission of the crime; (4) the challenges for youthful
        offenders in navigating through the criminal process; and (5) the
        possibility of rehabilitation and the capacity for change.
State v. Lyle, 854 N.W.2d at 378, 404 n.10 (Iowa 2014) (quoting Miller v. Alabama,
567 U.S. 460, 477–78 (2012)). “Our courts have sometimes called these the
Miller/Lyle/Roby factors.” State v. Williams, No. 18-2081, 2021 WL 593992, at *9,
n.11 (Iowa Ct. App. Feb. 3, 2021); see also State v. Majors, 940 N.W.2d 372, 383-
84 (Iowa 2020); State v. Roby, 897 N.W.2d 127, 135 (Iowa 2017).
                                          6

N.W.2d 720, 725 (Iowa 2002) (“Judicial discretion imparts the power to act within

legal parameters according to the dictates of a judge’s own conscience,

uncontrolled by the judgment of others.”). There was no mandatory sentence

applicable here. See Iowa Code § 901.5(13). As a result, the district court was

“not required to specifically examine and apply each” Lyle factor, as Martinez

seems to imply, although those factors remain relevant to the other sentencing

options. Crooks, 911 N.W.2d at 173.

      As the court in Crooks explained:

      Once the sentencing court declines to impose a minimum period of
      incarceration without parole, the Miller/Lyle factors remain relevant
      in considering the remaining sentencing options, along with all other
      mitigating and aggravating circumstances. Yet the court is not
      required to specifically examine and apply each factor on the record
      at this point but considers all relevant factors in exercising its
      discretion to select the proper sentencing option.

Id. We may find an abuse of that discretion

      if a sentencing court fails to consider a relevant factor that should
      have received significant weight, gives significant weight to an
      improper or irrelevant factor, or considers only appropriate factors
      but nevertheless commits a clear error of judgment by arriving at a
      sentence that lies outside the limited range of choice dictated by the
      facts of the case.

Majors, 940 N.W.2d at 385 (citation omitted). “[O]ur task on appeal is not to second

guess the decision made by the district court, but to determine if it was

unreasonable or based on untenable grounds.” Id. at 387 (citation omitted).

      Martinez’s youth was a central issue at the sentencing hearing—it was

highlighted in defense counsel’s sentencing brief, the presentence investigation

report, the violence risk assessment, and comments by defense counsel and the

prosecutor. The court stated it considered Martinez’s age, along with the “features
                                           7

of youthful behavior” and other Lyle factors, before moving on to the circumstances

of the crime. This was permissible. See State v. Post, 286 N.W.2d 195, 204 (Iowa

1979) (“Seriousness of a crime is clearly a permissible factor to be considered by

the judge in determining the sentence to be imposed.”); cf. Majors, 940 N.W.2d at

389 (“Our sentencing courts can and should consider the heinous nature of the

crime in evaluating whether to impose a mandatory minimum sentence.” (citation

omitted)). And it did not overwhelm the court’s analysis, as Martinez argues. Cf.

State v. Zarate, 908 N.W.2d 831, 855 (Iowa 2018) (finding abuse of discretion

when the court imposed a mandatory minimum sentence based on the “judge’s

belief that there ‘should be [a] minimum period of time [for imprisonment] for

somebody that takes the life of another individual, whether that person is a juvenile

or an adult’” (alteration in original)).

          In the end, the court found incarceration would provide “maximum

opportunity for rehabilitation of the defendant and for the protection of the public.”

See id. at 854–55 (noting the “ultimate goal is to decide which sentence ‘will

provide maximum opportunity for the rehabilitation of the defendant, and for the

protection of the community from further offenses by the defendant and others’”

(quoting Iowa Code § 901.5)). We cannot say the sentences imposed “lie[] outside

the limited range of choice dictated by the facts of the case.” See Majors, 940

N.W.2d at 385. Because we find no abuse of the court’s sentencing discretion, we

affirm.

          AFFIRMED.