Court Opinion

ID: 3204754
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-05-18 20:15:32.307472+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:45:44.295751
License: Public Domain

Affirmed and Opinion Filed May 12, 2016.

                                              In The
                                   Court of Appeals
                            Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                        No. 05-15-00971-CR

                               PHYLLIS RENAY BURNS, Appellant
                                            V.
                                THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                          On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Court
                                       Dallas County, Texas
                               Trial Court Cause No. F15-54886-V

                                MEMORANDUM OPINION
                  Before Chief Justice Wright, Justice Bridges, and Justice Lang
                                     Opinion by Justice Lang
   Phyllis Renay Burns, appellant, plead guilty to aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. See

TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.01(a)(2), 22.02(a)(2) (West 2014). The trial judge assessed

punishment at four years’ confinement. In one issue, Burns argues “The evidence is insufficient

to support Appellant’s conviction for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.” We affirm the

trial court’s judgment.

                                      I. STATEMENT OF THE FACTS

   Burns pleaded guilty to the charge of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon at an open

plea hearing. The evidence offered by the state at the open plea hearing consisted of one exhibit,

a judicial confession signed by Burns, which states, in pertinent part:

           Accordingly, having waived my Federal and State constitutional right against
       self-incrimination, and after having been sworn, upon oath, I judicially confess to
       the following facts and agree and stipulate that these facts are true and correct and
       constitute the evidence in this case:
           on or about 26th day of May, 2015, in Dallas County, Texas, I did unlawfully
       then and there intentionally and knowingly threaten BILLY WALKER with
       imminent bodily injury, and said defendant did use and exhibit a deadly weapon,
       to-wit: a KNIFE, during the commission of the assault, and further, the said
       defendant has and has had a dating relationship with the said complainant and the
       said defendant was a member of the complainant’s family and household,
           I further judicially confess that I committed the offense with which I stand
       charged exactly as alleged in the indictment in this cause.

   During the state’s cross-examination of Burns at the open plea hearing, the following

exchange occurred:

       Prosecutor: –and while you were out on bond, that’s when you picked up the
       aggravated assault case and the retaliation case?

       Burns: Yes, sir. That’s when my boyfriend had called the police. I was sitting in
       the house eating. Because I told him that I didn’t want him no more, [sic] so he
       called the police and said that I had a knife trying to cut him.

       Prosecutor: You had a butcher knife and you kind of went after him?

       Burns: No, I didn’t have no knife [sic]. I was sitting at the house eating.

       Defense Attorney: I’m going to object to going into the facts of the case, we pled
       guilty to it.

       The Court: Well that objection is overruled. It is an open plea. Ma’am are you
       saying that you are not guilty of the aggravated assault charge?

       Burns: Yes, sir, I am guilty.

   The state asked no further questions after this exchange. Neither Burns nor the state called

any other witness to testify. At the end of the open plea hearing, the trial court made “an

affirmative finding that a deadly weapon was used, to-wit: a knife,” found Burns guilty, and

sentenced her to four years’ imprisonment.

   On August 14, 2015, Burns filed a motion for new trial arguing “the verdict is contrary to the

law and evidence.” Specifically, Burns asserted that, “[d]uring the course of testimony the

Defendant denied that she had committed the offense of Aggravated Assault with a Deadly
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Weapon as charged.” Burns filed an amended motion for new trial, which stated “Defendant’s

attorney was informed by the Defendant’s son that the Defendant suffered from bi-polar disorder

and was thus not competent to enter her plea of guilty. Defendant also suffers from advanced

brain cancer and has a tumor on her brain.” The trial court ordered an “evaluation” of Burns’s

competency to stand trial and plead, received a written report by Kristi Compton, Ph.D finding

Burns competent, and conducted a hearing on Burns’s motion for new trial. After the hearing, the

trial court denied Burns’s motion. Burns timely appealed.

                                      II. STANDARDS OF REVIEW

       In evaluating the sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction, an appellate court

applies Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979) and considers all the evidence in the light most

favorable to the trial court’s judgment to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have

found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Winfrey v. State, 393
S.W.3d 763, 768 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013) (quoting Gear v. State, 340 S.W.3d 743, 746 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2011)). “It is the responsibility of the trier of fact to fairly resolve conflicts in

testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate

facts.” Hulme v. State, No. 05-15-00817-CR, 2016 WL 1403184, at *1 (Tex. App.–Dallas April

7, 2016, no pet. h.) (citing Jackson, 443 U.S. at 318–19; Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2007)).

       “We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for new trial under an abuse of discretion

standard.” McQuarrie v. State, 380 S.W.3d 145, 150 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). “We do not

substitute our judgement for that of the trial court; rather, we decide whether the trial court’s

decision was arbitrary or unreasonable.” Id. (quoting Holden v. State, 201 S.W.3d 761, 763 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2006)).

                                               –3–
                                   III. SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE

                                        A. Applicable Law

        A person commits assault when she intentionally or knowingly threatens another with

imminent bodily injury. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.01 (West 2014). “A person acts

intentionally, or with intent, with respect to the nature of his conduct or to a result of his conduct

when it is his conscious objective or desire to engage in the conduct or cause the result.” Id. §

6.03(a). A person acts knowingly as to his conduct “when he is aware of the nature of his

conduct or that the circumstances exist.” Id. § 6.03(b). A person acts knowingly “with respect to

a result of his conduct when he is aware that his conduct is reasonably certain to cause the

result.” Id.

        A person commits aggravated assault if she commits an assault and “uses or exhibits a

deadly weapon during the commission of the assault.” Id. § 22.02(a)(2). Section 1.07(a)(17)(b)

of the Penal Code defines “deadly weapon” as a firearm or anything manifestly designed, made,

or adapted for the purpose of inflicting death or serious bodily injury”; or “anything that in the

manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury.” Id. §

1.07(a)(17)(b).

        “No trial court is authorized to render a conviction in a felony case, consistent with

Article 1.15, based upon a plea of guilty ‘without sufficient evidence to support the same.’”

Menefee v. State, 287 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009) (citing TEX. CODE. CRIM. PROC. art.

1.15 (West 2005)). When a defendant waives trial by jury and pleads guilty, the trial court has no

duty to conduct a “special proceeding” when evidence inconsistent with guilt is introduced.

Mendez v. State, 138 S.W.3d 334, 350 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). However, a conviction rendered

without sufficient evidence to support a guilty plea is reversible error. Menefee v. State, 287
S.W.3d at 13.

                                                 –4–
       Article 1.15 expressly provides that the defendant may consent to the proffer of evidence

in testimonial or documentary form. TEX. CODE. CRIM. PROC. art. 1.15 The statute allows the

defendant to consent to an oral or written stipulation of what the evidence against her would be.

Id. “In passing on the sufficiency of the evidence, we must view the stipulation just as if the

witness had so testified.” Stell v. State, 496 S.W.2d 623, 626 (Tex. Crim. App. 1973). Such a

proffer or stipulation of evidence will support a guilty plea, so long as it “embraces every

constituent element of the charged offense.” Menefee v. State, 287 S.W.3d at 13 (citing TEX.

CODE. CRIM. PROC. art. 1.15)). A defendant’s “judicial confession is sufficient evidence to show

that he used a deadly weapon, and the record need not otherwise provide proof.” Keller v. State,

125 S.W.3d 600, 605 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, pet. dism’d improvidently granted).

                                 B. Application of the Law to the Facts

       Burns contends the requirements of article 1.15 were not satisfied because the trial court

was required to consider evidence inconsistent with guilt that was introduced at the open plea

hearing. However, the record reflects Burns waived trial by jury and pleaded guilty. In response

to Burns’s statement that she did not use the knife as a deadly weapon, the trial court gave Burns

the opportunity to retract her guilty plea, stating “Ma’am are you saying that you are not guilty of

the aggravated assault charge?” Burns did not retract her guilty plea, and instead responded,

“Yes, sir, I am guilty.” Because Burns waived trial by jury and pleaded guilty, the trial court had

no duty to conduct a “special proceeding” when appellant stated that she did not use the knife as

a deadly weapon. Mendez, 138 S.W.3d at 350.

       Additionally, Burns complains the state did not introduce evidence to refute appellant’s

testimony that she did not use or exhibit a deadly weapon as defined by the Penal Code. See TEX.

PENAL CODE ANN. 1.07(a)(17)(b). However, we disagree. Burns’s signed judicial confession

                                                –5–
states “defendant did use and exhibit a deadly weapon, to-with: a KNIFE, during the commission

of the assault.” We view this stipulation “as if the witness had so testified.” See Stell, 496 S.W.2d

at 626. While Burns contends that she testified she did not use or exhibit a deadly weapon, “[i]t

is the responsibility of the trier of fact to fairly resolve conflicts in testimony.” Hooper, 214
S.W.3d at 13. Also, a judicial confession that Burns used a deadly weapon, without more, is

sufficient evidence to prove that fact. Keller, 125 S.W.3d at 605.

       We conclude the evidence is sufficient to support Burns’s conviction. Thus, the trial court

did not act arbitrarily or without reference to any guiding principles of law when it denied

Burns’s motion for new trial. See McQuarrie, 380 S.W.3d at 15.

                                             IV. CONCLUSION

       The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

                                                      /Douglas S. Lang/
                                                      DOUGLAS S. LANG
                                                      JUSTICE

Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)
150971F.U05

                                                –6–
                              Court of Appeals
                       Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      JUDGMENT

PHYLLIS RENAY BURNS, Appellant                       On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District
                                                     Court, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-15-00971-CR        V.                         Trial Court Cause No. F15-54886-V.
                                                     Opinion delivered by Justice Lang. Chief
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee                         Justice Wright and Justice Bridges
                                                     participating.

       Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.

Judgment entered this 12th day of May, 2016.

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