Court Opinion

ID: 6338114
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-05-05 16:12:02.802278+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:25:09.963040
License: Public Domain

J-S13038-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    KEITH WAYNE GREEN                          :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 1504 MDA 2021

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered October 12, 2021
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-35-CR-0001080-2020

BEFORE:      STABILE, J., KING, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.:                            FILED MAY 05, 2022

       Appellant Keith Wayne Green appeals from the judgment of sentence1

entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County on October 12,
____________________________________________

*  Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1      Appellant was sentenced on October 12, 2021, and counsel for Appellant
filed a timely post-sentence motion on October 22, 2021. Counsel filed a
notice of appeal on November 10, 2021.
       On December 9, 2021, this Court directed Appellant to show cause as
to why the appeal should not be dismissed as premature as post-sentence
motion remained pending. See Commonwealth v. Claffey, 80 A.3d 780,
783 (Pa.Super. 2013) (noting that an appeal filed while post-sentence motion
is pending is premature), appeal denied, 86 A.3d 231 (Pa. 2014); see also
Pa.R.Crim.P. 720 cmt. (“No direct appeal may be taken by a defendant while
his or her post-sentence motion is pending.”). Counsel for Appellant filed a
response on December 16, 2021, in which counsel indicated that the post-
sentence motion was denied by order of October 26, 2021, but the order had
not been entered on the docket until December 13, 2021, and was served on
December 16, 2021.
       A notice of appeal must be filed within 30 days of the entry of the order
being appealed. See Pa.R.A.P. 903(a); Commonwealth v. Moir, 766 A.2d
1253 (Pa.Super. 2000). If the defendant files a timely post sentence motion,
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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2021, after he entered an open guilty plea to Firearms not to be carried

without a license, 18 Pa. C.S.A. §6106(a)(1), and to Fleeing or attempting to

elude a police officer, 75 Pa. C.S.A. §3733(a).         Additionally, Appellant's

counsel has filed an Application to Withdraw as Counsel and an Anders2 brief

on the basis of frivolity. After careful review, we grant counsel’s Application to

Withdraw as Counsel and affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence.

       The trial court set forth the relevant facts and procedural history herein

as follows:

             On March 12, 2021, [Appellant] pled guilty in the above-
       captioned case, and on October 12, 2021, was sentenced. On
       November 10, 2021, [Appellant] filed a Notice of Appeal of the
       judgment of sentence to the Superior Court. This opinion is filed
____________________________________________

the notice of appeal shall be filed within 30 days of the entry of the order
deciding the motion. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(2)(a). In Commonwealth v.
Cooper, 27 A.2d 994, 1008 (Pa. 2011), our Supreme Court held that a pro se
notice of appeal does not divest the trial court of jurisdiction to act upon a
timely filed post-sentence motion later filed by counsel. Cooper, 27 A.2d at
1008. The Cooper Court held that the premature appeal should have been
treated as if it had been filed after the denial of post-sentence motions in
accordance with Pa.R.A.P. 905(a)(5).
      In the instant matter, the notice of appeal was filed at a time when the
post-sentence motion had been denied but had not been entered or served;
thus, it was premature. However, the trial court served the order denying the
post-sentence motion on December 16, 2021. Therefore, the matter may be
considered timely filed in accordance with Pa.R.A.P. 905(a)(5) (providing that
“[a] notice of appeal filed after the announcement of a determination but
before the entry of an appealable order shall be treated as filed after such
entry and on the day thereof.”)

2 Anders v. California, 368 U.S. 738 (1967); Commonwealth v.
McClendon, 434 A.2d 1185 (Pa. 1981); Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978
A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).

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      in compliance with Rule 1925(a) of the Pennsylvania Rules of
      Appellate Procedure.

                              I.     BACKGROUND

              On March 12, 2021, [Appellant] pled guilty to one count of
      firearms not to be carried without a license, and one count of
      fleeing or attempting to elude a police officer, and, in exchange
      the numerous other charges pending against [Appellant] were
      nolle prossed. These charges arose on June 30, 2020, when
      [Appellant] led police on a high speed chase in Scranton and
      crashed his vehicle into a house. The police found a firearm on the
      floor in front of the driver's seat of [Appellant’s] vehicle.
              On October 12, 2021, [Appellant] was sentenced. The court
      stated that the problem for [Appellant] is that this was a crime of
      violence, and that he has a serious prior record. Transcript of
      October 12, 2021 Sentencing at 4-5. The court noted that even
      though he might receive a favorable guideline sentence, his prior
      record score of five really jacks up any sentence that is to be
      imposed. Id. at 5. The court also stated that his prior convictions
      are for robbery, assault, and fleeing and eluding, and go back 16
      years. Id. The court imposed a 3.5 to 7 year sentence on the
      firearms charge, and a 15 to 30 month sentence on the fleeing
      and eluding charge, concurrent to the firearms sentence. Id. at 5-
      6. The court ordered a drug and alcohol evaluation and a mental
      health evaluation. Id. at 6. The court pointed out that the sentence
      fell in the standard range of the sentencing guidelines, and that in
      fashioning the sentence, the court gave serious consideration to
      the nature and gravity of the offense, [Appellant’s] rehabilitative
      needs, and the entire contents of the pre-sentence file. Id. at 7.
              On October 22, 2021, [Appellant] filed a motion for
      reconsideration of sentence. On November 10, 2021, [Appellant]
      filed a Notice of Appeal, and on November 23, 2021, this court
      ordered [Appellant] to file a concise statement of the matters
      complained of on appeal in each case within 21 days pursuant to
      Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). [Appellant] filed a Statement of Matters
      Complained of on Appeal on December 3, 2021.

Trial Court Opinion, filed 1/6/22 at 1-2.

      Counsel filed her Application to Withdraw as Counsel and an Anders

brief with this Court on February 22, 2022.        Appellant has not retained

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independent counsel, and he has not filed a pro se response to the Anders

brief. The trial court filed its Rule 1925(a) Opinion on January 6, 2022.

      Before we may consider the issues raised in the Anders brief, we must

consider   counsel's   petition   to   withdraw   from   representation.     See

Commonwealth v. Garang, 9 A.3d 237, 240 (Pa.Super. 2010) (holding that,

when presented with an Anders brief, this Court may not review the merits

of the underlying issues without first passing on the request to withdraw).

      Pursuant to Anders, when counsel believes an appeal is frivolous and

wishes to withdraw from representation, counsel must do the following:

      (1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that after
      making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
      determined the appeal would be frivolous; (2) file a brief referring
      to any issues that might arguably support the appeal, but which
      does not resemble a no-merit letter; and (3) furnish a copy of the
      brief to the defendant and advise him of his right to retain new
      counsel, proceed pro se, or raise any additional points he deems
      worthy of this Court's attention.

Commonwealth v. Edwards, 906 A.2d 1225, 1227 (Pa.Super. 2006)

(citation omitted).

      In Santiago, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court addressed the second

requirement of Anders, i.e., the contents of an Anders brief, and required

that the brief:

      (1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
      citations to the record;
      (2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
      supports the appeal;
      (3) set forth counsel's conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and
      (4) state counsel's reasons for concluding that the appeal is
      frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record,

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      controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the
      conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.

Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.

      Once counsel has satisfied the Anders requirements, it is then this

Court's responsibility “to conduct a simple review of the record to ascertain if

there appear on its face to be arguably meritorious issues that counsel,

intentionally or not, missed or misstated.” Commonwealth v. Dempster,

187 A.3d 266, 272 (Pa.Super. 2018).

      Herein, counsel has complied with the procedural requirements of

Anders       v.   California,   386   U.S.   738   (1967),   Commonwealth    v.

McClendon, 434 A.2d 1185 (Pa. 1981), and their progeny. Counsel provided

Appellant with a letter advising him of his rights to retain new counsel or to

proceed pro se pursuant to Commonwealth v. Millisock, 873 A.2d 748

(Pa.Super. 2005). The letter is attached to counsel’s Application to Withdraw

as Counsel. Although the petition does not contain proof of service on

Appellant, the Millisock letter references it as having been enclosed with the

letter.

          Counsel’s Anders brief contains a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement, copies

of Appellant’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement and the trial court opinion, and

proof of service on Appellant. In the brief, counsel provides a summary of the

facts and procedural history of the case and refers to relevant law that might

arguably support Appellant's issues. Counsel further states the reasons for

her conclusion that, following a conscientious examination of the record, she

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has determined the appeal is wholly frivolous. Therefore, counsel has

substantially complied with the technical requirements of Anders and

Santiago.

      Accordingly, as counsel has complied with the procedural requirements

for withdrawing from representation, we will conduct an independent review

to determine whether Appellant's appeal is wholly frivolous. Commonwealth

v. Yorgey, 188 A.3d 1190, 1195 (Pa.Super. 2018) (en banc) (quotation

omitted).

      In the Anders brief, counsel sets forth the following issue that Appellant

wishes to raise:

      WHETHER THE SENTENCES IMPOSED ON BOTH OFFENSES WERE
      INAPPROPRIATELY EXCESSIVE, HARSH AND AN ABUSE OF
      DISCRETION.

Anders brief at 4. This issue presents a challenge to the discretionary aspects

of Appellant’s sentence.

      Pennsylvania law makes clear that by entering a guilty plea, a defendant

waives his right to challenge on direct appeal all defects and defenses except

the legality of the sentence and the validity of the plea. Commonwealth v.

Lincoln, 72 A.3d 606, 609 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal denied, 624 Pa. 688, 87

A.3d 319 (2014). However, under certain circumstances, the entry of a guilty

plea will not preclude a challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentencing.

Commonwealth v. Dalberto, 648 A.2d 16, 20 (Pa.Super. 1994).                “The

determination of whether discretionary aspects of sentencing may be

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challenged after a guilty plea is entered depends upon the actual terms of the

plea bargain, specifically, to what degree a sentence agreement has been

reached.” Id. at 18. As this Court has explained:

      where a defendant pleads guilty pursuant to a plea agreement
      specifying particular penalties, the defendant may not seek a
      discretionary appeal relating to those agreed-upon penalties.
      Permitting a defendant to petition for such an appeal would
      undermine the integrity of the plea negotiation process and could
      ultimately deprive the Commonwealth of sentencing particulars
      for which it bargained.

Commonwealth v. Brown, 982 A.2d 1017, 1018-19 (Pa.Super. 2009)

(citations omitted).

      In the matter sub judice, Appellant’s plea agreement did not specify any

particular sentence; therefore, he may present this challenge to the

discretionary aspects of his sentence.     However, “[t]he right to appellate

review of the discretionary aspects of a sentence is not absolute, and must be

considered a petition for permission to appeal.” Commonwealth v. Conte,

198 A.3d 1169, 1173 (Pa.Super. 2018), appeal denied, 206 A.3d 1029 (Pa.

2019).

      An appellant challenging the discretionary aspects of his sentence must

invoke this Court's jurisdiction by satisfying a four-part test: “(1) the appeal

is timely; (2) the appellant has preserved his issue; (3) his brief includes a

concise statement of the reasons relied upon for allowance of an appeal with

respect to the discretionary aspects of his sentence; and (4) the concise

statement raises a substantial question whether the sentence is inappropriate

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under the Sentencing Code.” Commonwealth v. Green, 204 A.3d 469, 488

(Pa.Super. 2019); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) (stating that an appellant who

challenges the discretionary aspects of a sentence “shall set forth in a separate

section of the brief a concise statement of the reasons relied upon for

allowance of appeal with respect to the discretionary aspects of a sentence”).

      Appellant preserved a challenge to the discretionary aspects of his

sentence in his Petition for Reconsideration of Sentence, and he filed a timely

notice of appeal.     Also, the Anders brief contains a Pa.R.A.P 2119(f)

statement. Thus, we next consider whether Appellant has raised a substantial

question.

      In the Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement, counsel avers that Appellant’s

sentences were manifestly harsh and excessive because the trial court did not

sufficiently consider that he had done well “on the street for twenty months”

which demonstrates he is capable of conforming to living a life free of crime.

Anders brief at 9-10.      Thus, we find Appellant has raised a substantial

question. See Commonwealth v. Raven, 97 A.3d 1244, 1253 (Pa. Super.

2014) (“This Court has held that an excessive sentence claim—in conjunction

with an assertion that the court failed to consider mitigating factors—raises a

substantial question.”). We, therefore, proceed to review Appellant's

substantive argument.

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        Challenges to the discretionary aspects of sentence are reviewed for an

abuse of discretion. Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 169 (Pa.

Super. 2010). As we reiterated in Moury:

               [A]n abuse of discretion is more than a mere error of
        judgment; thus, a sentencing court will not have abused its
        discretion unless the record discloses that the judgment exercised
        was manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice,
        bias or ill-will. In more expansive terms, our Court recently
        offered: An abuse of discretion may not be found merely because
        an appellate court might have reached a different conclusion, but
        requires a result of manifest unreasonableness, or partiality,
        prejudice, bias, or ill-will, or such lack of support so as to be clearly
        erroneous.
               The rationale behind such broad discretion and the
        concomitantly deferential standard of appellate review is that the
        sentencing court is in the best position to determine the proper
        penalty for a particular offense based upon an evaluation of the
        individual circumstances before it.

Id. at 169-70 (quoting Commonwealth v. Walls, 926 A.2d 957, 961 (Pa.

2007) (internal citations omitted)).

        The record reflects that, Appellant’s arguments to the contrary, the trial

court considered the nature of and the circumstances surrounding Appellant’s

crimes.    Appellant pled guilty to the aforementioned crimes on March 12,

2021.     At sentencing, the trial court had the benefit of a presentence

investigation (PSI) report. N.T. 10/12/21, at 3, 7. When the trial court has

the benefit of a PSI report, “we presume that [it] was aware of relevant

information     regarding    the   defendant's    character    and   weighed        those

considerations along with any mitigating factors” when imposing sentence.

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Commonwealth v. Sexton, 222 A.3d 405, 422 (Pa.Super. 2019) (citation

omitted).

      Prior to imposing its sentence, the trial court indicated it was troubled

by both the fact that this matter involved a crime of violence and Appellant’s

serious prior record score of five. Id. at 4-5. The trial court further noted

Appellant had prior convictions for “robbery, assault, fleeing and eluding” and

stressed that “the events of November 30, 2020, are something that we can’t

just forget about and minimize.” Id. at 5. Significantly, although the trial

court explained that in light of his prior record any sentence would need to be

substantial, it sentenced Appellant in the standard range of the Sentencing

Guidelines and ordered that the sentences were to run concurrently to one

another. Id. at 5-6.

      In fashioning Appellant’s sentence, the trial court indicated it had given

serious consideration to the nature and gravity of Appellant’s offenses, his

rehabilitative needs, and the entire contents of the pre-sentence file which

dated back to 2005.    Id. at 7. Thus, in light of the foregoing, we conclude

the trial court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing Appellant to an

aggregate term of three and one half (3 ½) to seven (7) years in prison for

his crimes.   Clearly, the trial court could have sentenced in the aggravated

range based on Appellant’s prior record.

      After examining the issue contained in the Anders brief, we agree with

counsel that the instant appeal is wholly frivolous. Furthermore, after

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conducting a full examination of all the proceedings as required pursuant to

Anders, we discern no non-frivolous issues to be raised on appeal. See

Yorgey, 188 A.3d at 1195. Thus, we grant counsel's application to withdraw

and affirm Appellant's judgment of sentence.

     Application to withdraw as counsel granted. Judgment of sentence

affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/5/2022

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