Court Opinion

ID: 3206443
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-05-24 23:08:09.941369+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:29:17.724100
License: Public Domain

J-S34039-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                       PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

STEVEN FREDERICK STOKES

                            Appellant                No. 1154 MDA 2015

             Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence April 27, 2015
                 in the Court of Common Pleas of York County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0001030-2014

BEFORE: PANELLA, J., STABILE, J., and JENKINS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY JENKINS, J.:                              FILED MAY 24, 2016

        Appellant Steven Frederick Stokes appeals from the judgment of

sentence entered in the York County Court of Common Pleas following his

jury trial conviction for delivery of a controlled substance - marijuana.1 After

careful review, we affirm.

        On October 23, 2013, Officer Kyle Pitts of the York City Police

Department was conducting an undercover drug operation in the area of

South Duke Street and East Boundry Avenue in York with the help of a

confidential informant (“CI”). Officer Pitts searched the CI for contraband,

provided him with $40.00 in marked bills, and observed him engage in a

hand-to-hand drug transaction with Appellant. The CI then returned to the

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1
    35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30).
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vehicle and handed over a substance later determined to be marijuana.2

The CI later identified Appellant by photo as the individual who sold him the

marijuana.

       Following a two-day trial, on March 20, 2015, a jury found Appellant

guilty of delivery of a controlled substance – marijuana. On April 27, 2015,

the trial court sentenced Appellant to 6 to 23 months’ incarceration. On May

6, 2015, Appellant filed post-sentence motions, which the trial court denied

on June 25, 2015. On July 2, 2015, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal,

and the trial court filed its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion on October 20, 2015.

       Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

       1. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt improperly found there was
       sufficient evidence to support the conviction for [d]elivery of
       [m]arijuana?

       2. Whether the verdict was against the weight of the evidence?

Appellant’s Brief, p. 4 (pagination supplied).

       First, Appellant claims the evidence was insufficient to support his

conviction.     See Appellant’s Brief, p. 8.     Appellant claims Officer Pitts’

testimony alone was insufficient to establish the elements of the crimes

charged. Id. He is incorrect.

       When examining a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence, this Court’s

standard of review is as follows:
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2
  At trial, Appellant and the Commonwealth stipulated the substance was
1.79 grams of marijuana.

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      The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
      evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in
      the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient
      evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the
      crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying [the above] test,
      we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for
      the fact-finder.     In addition, we note that the facts and
      circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not
      preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
      defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the
      evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
      probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
      circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of
      proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt
      by means of wholly circumstantial evidence.           Moreover, in
      applying the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and
      all evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the
      [trier] of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and
      the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part
      or none of the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Smith, 97 A.3d 782, 790 (Pa.Super.2014).

      The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act (“Drug Act”)

provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

      (a) The following acts and the causing thereof within the
      Commonwealth are hereby prohibited:

                                      ***

           (30) Except as authorized by this act, the manufacture,
           delivery, or possession with intent to manufacture or
           deliver, a controlled substance by a person not registered
           under this act, or a practitioner not registered or licensed
           by the appropriate State Board, or knowingly creating,
           delivering or possessing with intent to deliver, a
           counterfeit controlled substance.

35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30).       Likewise, the Drug Act defines “delivery” as

follows:

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      “Deliver” or “delivery” means the actual, constructive, or
      attempted transfer from one person to another of a controlled
      substance, other drug, device or cosmetic whether or not there
      is an agency relationship.

35 P.S. § 780-102.

      Here, the trial court explained its rejection of Appellant’s sufficiency of

the evidence claim as follows:

             From the facts [], which were presented to the jury by the
      Commonwealth, we believe the Commonwealth did supply
      sufficient evidence to the jury to convict the Appellant of
      [d]elivery of a [c]ontrolled [s]ubstance – [m]arijuana. The CI
      was searched before the operation and, being clean, was
      provided with forty dollars of the Commonwealth’s funds. The CI
      met with an individual that the officer identified as the Appellant.
      The officer testified to an exchange between the CI and the
      Appellant of money for a plastic baggie. The CI returned to the
      vehicle and was found to have twenty dollars less than he began
      the operation with and [was] now in possession of a plastic
      baggie of what was later confirmed to be marijuana.             The
      Commonwealth was careful to elicit testimony that the CI was
      never seen to make any exchange with anyone besides the
      Appellant and the Commonwealth went to great pains to show
      that at no point during the operation was the CI seen to pick
      anything up or fiddle amidst his clothing. Moreover, the officer
      had no information that the Appellant is licensed to deal in
      marijuana within our Commonwealth.                  In sum, the
      Commonwealth presented evidence that the Appellant was not
      licensed to deliver marijuana within the Commonwealth and yet
      did so for pecuniary gain.

1925(a) Opinion, p. 7.

      Viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict

winner, the trial court properly concluded that the evidence was sufficient to

convict Appellant of delivery of a controlled substance - marijuana.

      Next, Appellant alleges the trial court erred by denying his post-

sentence motion for a new trial based on the allegation that the guilty

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verdicts were against the weight of the evidence. See Appellant’s Brief, p.

9.   Effectively, Appellant claims that the fact that the CI did not testify

somehow renders the police officer’s testimony unreliable and insufficient.

See id.3 We do not agree.

       The denial of a new trial based on a lower court’s determination that

the verdict was not against the weight of the evidence is one of the least

assailable reasons for granting or denying a new trial. Commonwealth v.

Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1055 (Pa.2013).              This Court reviews weight of the

evidence claims pursuant to the following standard:

       A motion for new trial on the grounds that the verdict is contrary
       to the weight of the evidence, concedes that there is sufficient
       evidence to sustain the verdict. Thus, the trial court is under no
       obligation to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the
       verdict winner. An allegation that the verdict is against the
       weight of the evidence is addressed to the discretion of the trial
       court. A new trial should not be granted because of a mere
       conflict in the testimony or because the judge on the same facts
       would have arrived at a different conclusion. A trial judge must
       do more than reassess the credibility of the witnesses and allege
       that he would not have assented to the verdict if he were a
       juror. Trial judges, in reviewing a claim that the verdict is
       against the weight of the evidence do not sit as the thirteenth
       juror. Rather, the role of the trial judge is to determine that
       notwithstanding all the facts, certain facts are so clearly of
       greater weight that to ignore them or to give them equal weight
       with all the facts is to deny justice.

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3
  We note that “[a] true weight of the evidence challenge concedes that
sufficient evidence exists to sustain the verdict but questions which evidence
is to be believed.” Commonwealth v. Thompson, 106 A.3d 742, 758
(Pa.Super.2014), appeal denied, (Pa. Mar. 8, 2016).

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Commonwealth v. Widmer, 744 A.2d 745, 751-52 (Pa.2000) (internal

citations, quotations, and footnote omitted).

       Stated differently, a court may award a new trial because the verdict is

against the weight of the evidence only when the verdict is so contrary to

the evidence as to shock one’s sense of justice, 4 “such that right must be

given another opportunity to prevail.” Commonwealth v. Goodwine, 692
A.2d 233, 236 (Pa.Super.1997).            Moreover, appellate review of a weight

claim consists of a review of the trial court’s exercise of discretion, not a

review of the underlying question of whether the verdict is against the

weight of the evidence.        Widmer, 744 A.2d at 753.      When reviewing the

trial court’s determination, this Court gives the gravest deference to the

findings of the court below. We review the court’s actions for an abuse of

discretion. Id.

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4
 This Court has explained the notion of “shocking to one’s sense of justice”
as follows:

       When the figure of Justice totters on her pedestal, or when the
       jury’s verdict, at the time of its rendition, causes the trial judge
       to lose his breath, temporarily, and causes him to almost fall
       from the bench, then it is truly shocking to the judicial
       conscience.

Commonwealth v. Davidson, 860 A.2d 575, 581 (Pa.Super.2004)
(internal citations and quotations omitted).

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      Simply stated, the jury’s verdict in this matter illustrates that the jury

found the officer’s testimony regarding the hand-to-hand exchange credible.

As the trial court aptly explained:

             It is true that there are certainly pieces of evidence which
      arguably undermine [the] Commonwealth’s case; however, the
      test is not whether there is any evidence that goes against [the]
      Commonwealth’s assertions. Rather, this [c]ourt is to examine
      whether the jury’s verdict was so contrary to the evidence as to
      shock one’s sense of justice. This [c]ourt’s sense of justice was
      not shocked. We heard the same testimony as the jurors and
      were not shocked.

1925(a) Opinion, p. 3.

      Our review of the trial transcript reveals the trial court did not abuse

its discretion in denying a new trial based on the weight of the evidence.

Accordingly, Appellant’s weight of the evidence claim fails.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/24/2016

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