Court Opinion

ID: 2669778
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-04-14 14:53:07.53011+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:02:01.385282
License: Public Domain

11-0316-cv
     Caronia v. Philip Morris USA, Inc.

 1                                UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

 2                                      FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

 3                                                   ------

 4                                            August Term, 2011

 5   (Appeal Argued: March 1, 2012
 6    Questions Certified: May 1, 2013
 7    Question Answered: December 17, 2013
 8                                                                           Appeal Decided: April 14, 2014)

 9                                          Docket No. 11-0316-cv

10   _________________________________________________________

11   MARCIA L. CARONIA, LINDA McAULEY, and ARLENE FELDMAN,

12                                                  Plaintiffs-Appellants,

13                                         - v. -

14   PHILIP MORRIS USA, INC.,

15                                       Defendant-Appellee.
16   _________________________________________________________

17   Before: KEARSE, LOHIER, and DRONEY, Circuit Judges.

18                  Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of

19   New York, Carol Bagley Amon, Judge, dismissing the claims of plaintiffs, heavy smokers or former

20   smokers, against cigarette manufacturer under traditional tort and breach-of-warranty theories, as well

21   as their independent equitable claims for medical monitoring with respect to increased risk of cancer.

22   In this Court's opinion reported at 715 F.3d 417 (2013), the dismissal of plaintiffs' traditional claims

23   was affirmed, and questions as to the existence of an independent equitable cause of action under New
 1   York law for medical monitoring were certified to the New York Court of Appeals. Based on that

 2   Court's response that New York does not recognize such a cause of action, see Caronia v. Philip Morris

 3   USA, Inc., 22 N.Y.3d 439, 982 N.Y.S.2d 40 (2013), we affirm the dismissal of plaintiffs' medical

 4   monitoring claims.

 5                  Affirmed.

 6                                 VICTORIA E. PHILLIPS, New York, New York (Steven J.
 7                                      Phillips, Stanley J. Levy, Jerome H. Block, Amber R.
 8                                      Long, Lisa W. Davis, Levy Phillips & Konigsberg, New
 9                                      York, New York, on the brief), for Plaintiffs-Appellants.

10                                 SHEILA BIRNBAUM, New York, New York (John H. Beisner,
11                                      Jessica D. Miller, Geoffrey M. Wyatt, Skadden, Arps,
12                                      Slate, Meagher & Flom, Washington, D.C.; Gary R.
13                                      Long, John K. Sherk, III, Shook, Hardy & Bacon,
14                                      Kansas City, Missouri; Tammy B. Webb, Shook, Hardy
15                                      & Bacon, San Francisco, California, on the brief), for
16                                      Defendant-Appellee.

17   PER CURIAM:

18                  When plaintiffs, who are heavy smokers or former smokers of Marlboro cigarettes

19   manufactured by defendant Philip Morris USA, Inc., but who lack symptoms of smoking-related

20   disease, appealed from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New

21   York dismissing their claims alleging negligence, strict products liability, and breach of implied

22   warranty of merchantability, as well as their independent equitable claims seeking medical monitoring

23   with respect to increased risk of cancer, we affirmed the district court's dismissal of the negligence,

24   strict liability, and breach of warranty claims. See Caronia v. Philip Morris USA, Inc., 715 F.3d 417,

25   427-34, 450 (2d Cir. 2013). But because it was unclear whether the State of New York would allow

26   such plaintiffs to pursue an independent cause of action for medical monitoring under New York law,

                                                       2
 1   and because of the important policy considerations to be balanced in determining whether to recognize

 2   the existence of such a cause of action, we certified to the New York Court of Appeals the following

 3   questions:

 4                          (1) Under New York law, may a current or former longtime heavy
 5                  smoker who has not been diagnosed with a smoking-related disease, and who
 6                  is not under investigation by a physician for such a suspected disease, pursue
 7                  an independent equitable cause of action for medical monitoring for such a
 8                  disease?

 9                        (2) If New York recognizes such an independent cause of action for
10                  medical monitoring,

11                                  (A) What are the elements of that cause of action?

12                                  (B) What is the applicable statute of limitations, and when does
13                          that cause of action accrue?

14   Id. at 450.

15                  The New York Court of Appeals answered the first question in the negative; and it

16   therefore found the second set of questions moot. See Caronia v. Philip Morris USA, Inc., 22 N.Y.3d
17   439, 446, 452, 982 N.Y.S.2d 40, xxx (2013).

18                  The Court noted that "there are significant policy reasons that favor recognizing an

19   independent medical monitoring cause of action," including the interest in early detection and treatment

20   for persons "whose exposure has resulted in an increased risk of disease." Id. at 451, 982 N.Y.S.2d at

21   xxx. But it concluded that those interests were outweighed by other policy considerations, including

22   "the potential systemic effects of creating a new, full-blown, tort law cause of action," id. (internal

23   quotation marks omitted); the technical and administrative challenges of implementing a medical

24   monitoring program, see id. at 452, 982 N.Y.S.2d at xxx; and the potential for allowing asymptomatic

25   persons who may never contract a smoking-related disease to recover for monitoring, "lead[ing] to the

                                                        3
 1   inequitable diversion of money away from those who have actually sustained an injury as a result of

 2   the exposure," id. at 451, 982 N.Y.S.2d at xxx. The Court of Appeals concluded that the latter policy

 3   considerations--and the fact that the legislature is in a better position than the judiciary "to study the

 4   impact and consequences of creating such a cause of action, including the costs of implementation and

 5   the burden on the courts in adjudicating" independent claims by asymptomatic plaintiffs--"militate

 6   against a judicially-created independent cause of action for medical monitoring." Id. at 452, 982
7 N.Y.S.2d at xxx.

 8                  In light of the New York Court of Appeals' ruling that New York does not, in the

 9   circumstances pleaded here, recognize an independent cause of action for medical monitoring, we

10   affirm the judgment of the district court dismissing plaintiffs' medical monitoring claims.

11                  As all of the issues material to this appeal have now been resolved, the mandate shall

12   issue in due course.

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