Court Opinion

ID: 2708579
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-08-05 15:01:52.255682+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:23:00.367411
License: Public Domain

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
                         To be cited only in accordance with
                                  Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

                United States Court of Appeals
                                 For the Seventh Circuit
                                 Chicago, Illinois 60604

                                 Submitted June 4, 2014*
                                  Decided June 9, 2014

                                          Before

                              RICHARD A. POSNER, Circuit Judge

                              JOEL M. FLAUM, Circuit Judge

                              DIANE S. SYKES, Circuit Judge

No. 13-1456                                        Appeal from the
                                                   United States District Court for the
LAVELLE WATTS, JR.,                                Northern District of Illinois,
    Plaintiff-Appellant,                           Eastern Division.

       v.                                          No. 11 C 1573

JOSH SAWYER,                                       Susan E. Cox,
      Defendant-Appellee.                          Magistrate Judge.

                                        ORDER

        Lavelle Watts, Jr., sued police officer Josh Sawyer for excessive force during
arrest. See 42 U.S.C. § 1983. A jury returned a verdict for Sawyer. On appeal Watts
challenges several evidentiary rulings and argues that the verdict is contrary to the
weight of the evidence. We affirm.

       *
       After examining the parties’ briefs and the record, we have concluded that oral
argument is unnecessary. Thus, the appeal is submitted on the briefs and the record.
See FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
No. 13-1456                                                                          Page 2

       Watts’s excessive-force claim arose out of a disturbance that occurred at the
home of his girlfriend Titania Jackson. The two had gotten into an argument, and
Jackson called 911 when Watts refused to leave. Officer Sawyer was dispatched to the
apartment regarding a domestic dispute. Sawyer eventually arrested Watts, and in so
doing, Watts alleged, slammed his head into a door frame, twisted his left arm, and
while escorting him outside, shoved his body against the stairwell walls.

       Nearly two years later, Watts, assisted by counsel, brought this civil-rights suit
asserting that Sawyer used excessive force against him in violation of the Fourth
Amendment.

       Less than two months before trial was scheduled, Watts’s newly retained
attorney (his third lawyer to represent him in this case) moved to reopen discovery,
explaining that he had been unable to secure discovery materials from Watts, his
previous lawyers, and defense counsel. The judge denied the request and told Sawyer’s
counsel to give Watts “copies of depositions, Rule 26(a) disclosures, and any other
documents plaintiff will need, which are not available in the public file.”

       Both parties then moved to exclude evidence. Officer Sawyer filed a motion in
limine seeking to exclude evidence of prior allegations of misconduct leveled against
him involving excessive force. Watts moved to exclude evidence of the 911 call that
Jackson made the night of his arrest and any other 911 calls she made to report Watts
for a domestic disturbance.

        The magistrate judge granted Officer Sawyer’s motion and denied Watts’s.
Concerning Sawyer’s request, the judge concluded that the accusations of misconduct in
Sawyer’s personnel file were “nothing more than unsubstantiated allegations,” and
“would only confuse the jury and require the defendant to adduce evidence of the
reasonableness of his conduct in these unrelated incidents, creating ‘mini-trials’ within
the trial.” The judge also concluded that the prior incidents that Watts sought to
introduce at trial were factually distinct from this case. As for Watts’s request to exclude
Jackson’s 911 calls, the judge held that Officer Sawyer could testify about what he knew
about Jackson’s 911 call made the night of the arrest because it “bears directly on
whether he acted reasonably under the circumstances.” The judge did not address
Watts’s request to exclude prior 911 calls.

       At trial the parties agreed that Watts and Sawyer scuffled in Jackson’s apartment,
but they disputed the cause and extent of the skirmish. According to Sawyer and two
No. 13-1456                                                                         Page 3

backup officers, Watts shoved Sawyer, resisted Sawyer’s attempt to arrest him, and was
tussled to the ground when Sawyer tried to handcuff him. Watts, on the other hand,
testified that he peacefully complied with Sawyer’s request to leave the apartment,
though he acknowledged that in doing so he “must have brushed up against Officer
Sawyer,” and Sawyer responded by twisting his arm and slamming his head into the
door so hard that he briefly lost consciousness.

      The jury returned a verdict in favor of Officer Sawyer.

      On appeal Watts, now proceeding pro se, first argues that the magistrate judge
abused her discretion by excluding evidence of past civilian complaints of misconduct
obtained from Officer Sawyer’s personnel file. These complaints, he contends, should
have been admitted under Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b) to show that Sawyer
engaged in a pattern of aggressive behavior and abusive arrest tactics toward suspects.

        But the magistrate judge acted within her discretion to exclude the evidence
because she reasonably concluded that the unsubstantiated allegations were factually
distinct, could confuse the jury, delay the trial, and mislead the jury to regard him as
liable based on past accusations. See Duran v. Town of Cicero, 653 F.3d 632, 645 (7th Cir.
2011) (upholding exclusion of evidence of misconduct complaints against officer in
excessive-force case because introduction “risked creating a sideshow and sending the
trial off track”); Treece v. Hochstetler, 213 F.3d 360, 363–64 (7th Cir. 2000) (upholding
exclusion of officer’s past misconduct because conduct not sufficiently similar to permit
inference of pattern).

        Watts next appears to argue that Officer Sawyer exceeded the scope of the
court’s ruling barring evidence of Jackson’s prior 911 calls when he testified that he had
previously observed arguments between the couple. But Watts misunderstands the
judge’s ruling. The judge allowed Sawyer to “present evidence on what the defendant
officer knew about the circumstances of the call prior to his arrival” and said nothing
about excluding Sawyer’s prior interactions with the couple. Thus, Watts’s argument is
without merit.

      Watts next argues that there is insufficient evidence to support the jury’s verdict.
He points to minor inconsistencies between the officers’ account of the events
surrounding the altercation, including the timing of the arrival of the backup officers
and the extent of their involvement in subduing him; these inconsistencies, he insists,
show that the officers lied and that their testimony should not have been credited. But
No. 13-1456                                                                           Page 4

we may not review the jury verdict based on sufficiency of the evidence because Watts
failed to preserve his challenge by moving for a judgment as a matter of law or for a
new trial after the jury returned its verdict. See Unitherm Food Sys., Inc. v. Swift–Eckrich,
Inc., 546 U.S. 394, 404–05 (2006); Consumer Prods. Research & Design, Inc. v. Jensen,
572 F.3d 436, 437–38 (7th Cir. 2009); Maher v. City of Chicago, 547 F.3d 817, 823–24 (7th
Cir. 2008); Pearson v. Welborn, 471 F.3d 732, 738–39 (7th Cir. 2006); Kelley v. City of
Albuquerque, 542 F.3d 802, 817 (10th Cir. 2008); Price v. Rosiek Constr. Co., 509 F.3d 704,
707 (5th Cir. 2007). Even if we were to review the sufficiency challenge, these
“somewhat incongruous accounts of the sequence, duration, and scope of the
altercation … are the prototypical products of confusion, mistake, or faulty memory,”
Montaño v. City of Chicago, 535 F.3d 558, 564–65 (7th Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks
omitted), and the jury was entitled to weigh the officers’ credibility in light of the
inconsistencies, see Whitehead v. Bond, 680 F.3d 919, 925–27 (7th Cir. 2012); Wallace v.
McGlothan, 606 F.3d 410, 426 (7th Cir. 2010); Casillas–Díaz v. Palau, 463 F.3d 77, 81–82
(1st Cir. 2006); Lampkins v. Thompson, 337 F.3d 1009, 1015–16 (8th Cir. 2003).

       Lastly, Watts contends that the magistrate judge erred by refusing to reopen fact
discovery so that his new lawyer could obtain medical evidence documenting his
injuries. Given the late timing of the request, the district court’s considerable discretion
in managing its docket, Keeton v. Morningstar, Inc., 667 F.3d 877, 884 (7th Cir. 2012), and
Watts’s apparent ability to obtain the materials he sought (he presented extensive
evidence at trial about his injuries, including testimony from his orthopedic surgeon
and physical therapist, his treatment records from physical therapy, and photographs
taken the night of the incident), this contention is meritless.

                                                                                AFFIRMED.