Court Opinion

ID: 4163149
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-04-25 19:14:19.375054+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:24:08.536175
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

                                NO. 2015-CA-01801-COA

EARL ROSS AND MAXCINE ROSS                                                APPELLANTS

v.

SHELLIE R. STEWART                                                            APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                          11/16/2015
TRIAL JUDGE:                               HON. DAVID H. STRONG JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                 PIKE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                    CHARLES E. MILLER
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:                    W. STEWART ROBISON
                                           MICHELLE WROTEN VAN NORMAN
NATURE OF THE CASE:                        CIVIL - OTHER
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:                   REPLEVIN GRANTED; COUNTERCLAIM
                                           DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE
DISPOSITION:                               AFFIRMED - 04/25/2017
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

       BEFORE IRVING, P.J., CARLTON AND WESTBROOKS, JJ.

       WESTBROOKS, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    Shellie R. Stewart filed a complaint for replevin of a mobile home in the possession

of Earl and Maxcine Ross (“Rosses”). The Rosses filed a counterclaim alleging, among

other things, breach of contract. The Circuit Court of Pike County dismissed the Rosses’

counterclaim and scheduled a trial on the replevin action. The court granted the replevin and

awarded possession of the mobile home to Stewart. The Rosses now appeal. After our

review of the record, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court.

                       FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2.    Genevieve Ross1 owned a mobile home with her husband, Felder Ross, as joint

tenants. She filed paperwork conveying title of the mobile home to herself following her

husband’s death. Stewart2 purchased the title of the mobile home from Genevieve. The

Rosses rented the mobile home from Genevieve for approximately five years. The Rosses

contend they entered into an oral agreement with Stewart to purchase the mobile home for

cash. Maxcine Ross testified that Stewart offered to sell the mobile home, at the price of

$42,000 payable in monthly installments of $600 per month, without interest, provided full

payment was received within one year. However, if it was not paid within one year, the price

would increase to $52,000, with no interest charged. At trial, Stewart testified he was willing

to sell, until the Rosses asked Stewart to finance the purchase of the home to allow them to

pay rent. Stewart also testified that the Rosses wanted him to pay $300 dollars per month to

keep the mobile home on their land, because Stewart was not legal owner of the land.

However, Stewart rejected this agreement as well. Stewart and the Rosses testified that no

money was ever paid to Stewart for the mobile home.

¶3.    Stewart filed a complaint for replevin against Earl Ross. Earl filed his response,

defenses, and a counterclaim alleging breach of fiduciary duties, breach of contract, breach

of implied covenants of good faith and fair dealing, fraudulent misrepresentation and/or

omission, negligent misrepresentation and/or omission, unconscionability, emotional distress,

       1
           In the record, Stewart refers to Genevieve as the Rosses’ “aunt.”
       2
           Stewart and Earl Ross are first cousins.

                                               2
and conspiracy. Earl also moved to add Genevieve and Webster Chess3 to the cause of

action.

¶4.       Stewart filed his answer, and Maxcine, Earl’s wife, was added as a party defendant

to the action. The circuit court ordered the parties to brief the issue of whether the Rosses’

counterclaim could be entertained by the court at trial. The circuit court dismissed the

counterclaim without prejudice and cited Finance America Private Brands Inc. v. Durbin,

370 So. 2d 1356 (Miss. 1973), holding that damages must be sought after judgment on the

issue of possession and not by way of a counterclaim. Additionally, the circuit court found

that the Rosses could file their action following the court’s decision on possession.

¶5.       Although the circuit court ruled that there was no jurisdiction over the Rosses’

counterclaim, the court allowed the Rosses to present their defense of breach of contract.

Finding no binding agreement between Stewart and the Rosses, the circuit court found that

Stewart properly obtained title of the mobile home and granted the replevin. The Rosses

were ordered to vacate the mobile home immediately. Stewart was given seventy-two hours

to retrieve the mobile home from its location, because it was determined that Stewart did not

own the land on which the mobile home was located. Additionally, after the circuit court

dismissed their counterclaim, the Rosses filed a complaint in the County Court of Pike

County alleging five of the seven original claims contained in the counterclaim against

Stewart, Genevieve, and Chess.

          3
        Chess was a rebuttal witness. He testified that Earl stated he was not paying any
money to Stewart for the mobile home. Stewart stays with Chess when he is in town. Chess
also grew up with both Earl and Stewart, and lived close to the Rosses during the trial.

                                              3
                               STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶6.    “Jurisdiction is a matter of law, which is reviewed de novo.” Magee v. Covington

Cty. Bank, 119 So. 3d 1053, 1056 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012) (quoting Entergy Miss. Inc.

v. Burdette Gin Co., 726 So. 2d 1202, 1204-05 (¶5) (Miss. 1998)).

                                      DISCUSSION

       Whether the trial court erred in declining to accept jurisdiction of the
       counterclaim filed in response to the complaint in replevin.

¶7.    Before the adoption of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure (effective January 1,

1982), the Mississippi Supreme Court held that “after a careful consideration of the office

of replevin, we have reached the conclusion that the Laws of 1975, ch. 508, do not permit

a defendant to file a counterclaim or recoupment except for the specific statutory damages.”

Gen. Motors Acceptance Corp. v. Fairley, 359 So. 2d 1386, 1388 (Miss. 1978). “A replevin

action is a possessory action for specific property and not a suit for monetary damages.” Id.

“No provision is made under the above law for a judgment of money, except for the wrongful

taking, detention, value of the specific property, or damages for wrongful suing out of the

writ.” Id.

¶8.    Now, we acknowledge that Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 13 allows the court

to consider compulsory and permissive counterclaims:

       (a) Compulsory Counterclaims. A pleading shall state as a counterclaim any
       claim which at the time of serving the pleading the pleader has against any
       opposing party if it arises out of the transaction or occurrence that is the
       subject matter of the opposing party’s claim and does not require for its
       adjudication the presence of third parties over whom the court cannot acquire
       jurisdiction. But the pleader need not state the claim if:

                                             4
        (1) at the time the action was commenced the claim was the subject of another
        pending action; or

        (2) the opposing party brought suit upon his claim by attachment or other
        process by which the court did not acquire jurisdiction to render a personal
        judgment on that claim, and the pleader is not stating any counterclaim under
        this Rule 13; or

        ....

        (b) Permissive Counterclaims. A pleading may state as a counterclaim any
        claim against an opposing party not arising out of the transaction or occurrence
        that is the subject matter of the opposing party’s claim.

¶9.     The Rosses rely on Hall v. Corbin, 478 So. 2d 253 (Miss. 1985), to support their

assertion that their counterclaim should not have been dismissed. This Court has previously

recognized the doctrines of ancillary and pendent jurisdiction. In Hall, the supreme court

held:

        We (and every other court in the land) have long held that once a court
        acquired actual subject matter jurisdiction of an action, other claims (whether
        asserted by the one or more of the original parties or by new or intervening
        parties), ancillary or pendent to the original claim could also be litigated in that
        action even though the ancillary or pendent claim standing alone may have
        been beyond the court’s jurisdiction.

Caterpillar Fin. Servs. Corp. v. Burroughs Diesel Inc., 125 So. 3d 659, 674 (¶88) (Miss. Ct.

App. 2013) (quotation marks omitted) (quoting Hall, 478 So. 2d at 255).

¶10.    This Court has also held that “in future similar actions, it would be preferable for such

a dispute as this one to be determined in one court proceeding.” Id. We agree with this

Court’s previous ruling; however, this case presents a unique set of facts. The circuit court

held a hearing to determine whether the Rosses’ counterclaims were viable, and the circuit

court held that the claims could possibly be brought after the issue of replevin. Further, after

                                                 5
the circuit court dismissed the allegations in their counterclaim without prejudice, except to

the extent asserted as “legal defenses to the issue of replevin,” the Rosses filed a complaint

in the county court alleging five of the seven original claims contained in the counterclaim

against Stewart, Genevieve, and Chess.

¶11.   The circuit court held that whatever matters occurred during the replevin action did

not affect the Rosses’ counterclaim. Thus, the circuit court concluded that the counterclaim

was not considered a compulsory counterclaim under Rule 13. We disagree with the lower

court’s ruling that the counterclaim did not fall under Rule 13. The Mississippi Supreme

Court has held that “the face of the complaint and its well pleaded allegations are what courts

look to when deciding whether they have authority to act at all . . . .” City of Durant v.

Humphreys Cty. Mem’l Hosp./Extended Care Facility, 587 So. 2d 244, 250 (Miss. 1991)

(citations omitted); see also Miss. Const. art. 6, § 159(a) & (f).

¶12.   In following precedent, we acknowledge that where a court is presented with a

counterclaim, and the defendant raises a defense akin to the same counterclaim, the circuit

court should exercise jurisdiction over the counterclaim.

¶13.   However, while we find that the trial judge erred in dismissing the counterclaim, we

find the circuit court corrected its error by hearing the facts and making a ruling regarding

the Rosses’ counterclaim addressing the formation of a contract and any assertions related

thereto. The following is an excerpt from an exchange during the bench trial:

       MR. MILLER:           You Honor, I guess I’m not clear. Did the Court dismiss
                             the counterclaim?

       THE COURT:            I dismissed the counterclaims without prejudice except

                                              6
                            to the extent that they go directly to a defense to the
                            replevin. And in the most liberal sense of the situation,
                            I suppose, Mr. Robison, this perhaps purports to be a
                            defense to the replevin, so I’ll allow him to proceed
                            somewhat further into this line of questioning. Go ahead,
                            Mr. Miller.

       MR. MILLER:          Two notes, Your Honor. On the first note, as one of our
                            defenses we argued breach of contract in our defense. So
                            can I argue my defenses or am I excluded also from
                            arguing my defense?

       THE COURT:           No. Mr. Miller, I just ruled for you.

       MR. MILLER:          I’m sorry?

       THE COURT:           I just ruled in your favor.

       MR. MILLER:          I just want to make the Court – make sure the Court
                            won’t limit me –

       THE COURT:           I mean, I can’t – I can’t overrule his objection any more
                            than I just did and say it goes – in fact, your client
                            understood it because she was shaking her head yes.

¶14.   Mr. Miller proceeded to cross-examine Stewart, and the circuit court heard testimony

regarding the alleged contract between Stewart and the Rosses. Stewart testified to his

conversation where he decided not to enter into an agreement with the Rosses. The

following is an excerpt of Stewart’s testimony during cross-examination:

       So, so when the I – I told Mr. Ross, I said, I rather you have the – buy the
       motor home. I said, do you want to buy it. He says, let my pray over it, let me
       talk to my wife. I said, okay. So, I guess he talked to her and he prayed over
       it. He didn’t call me back. So, I called him I believe it was on a Friday. I
       said, what have you decided. He said, we, I wouldn’t mind having the motor
       home, he said, I want that motor home in that spot cause my mother and daddy
       have it, but I don’t have the money to finance it. And so I said, well, maybe
       we could make some kind of arrangement. He said, how much you want it for
       again? And I said – I told him, I said, if you give me some cash right now, I’ll

                                              7
       sell it to you for $50,000. He said, we can’t do it. He said, you would finance
       for it for, I think about three to five years. I said, well, I can – I can look at
       that, you know what I mean. So I said – he said, how much I got to pay if – if
       you finance it. I said $600 a month. And then he said, yes, he said, I can
       handle that. He said, but the crossroads. He said, I’m going to charge you
       $300 a month just for the mobile home sitting on the property while I’m
       renting it. I said, oh, no, I don’t need to talk to you.

Further, Stewart testified to the following:

       Q:     Mr. Stewart, isn’t it correct you actually called the Rosses and
              explained to them that you were offering the mobile home for $600 a
              month at $42,000? Is that correct?

       A:     No, sir.

¶15.   The following is an excerpt of Maxcine’s testimony:

       Q:     And when did you have an opportunity to discuss . . . the purchase of
              the mobile home with Shellie Stewart?

       A:     Mr. Stewart called us around August 8. And we spoke – he called our
              home phone. We have trouble out in that area with the home phone, so
              it will either cut off or you don’t get to speak to the person. So we’ve
              asked that he called the cell phone.

              ....

       A:     The very first time was around April – I’m sorry – August 8. And then
              August 13 he called again and submitted the deal that he offered us to
              purchase the home in the amount of the $42,000. And at the time he
              said, well, talk it over with your wife and see what she thinks about it
              and how she agrees with it and get back to me. And we did.

       Q:     And did you tell him that you would agree? Did you communicate the
              agreement to Stewart or did Mr. Ross?

       A:     Mr. Ross, my husband, conveyed the information back to Mr. Stewart.
              He told us to get a few days – take a few days after August 13 to see
              about getting financed. Which we did, and no one is doing any
              financing on mobile homes. So – especially when there are private
              owners.

                                               8
              ....

       A:     We waited approximately two weeks. And by the – around or
              approximately around August 31, Mr. Stewart called our home phone
              once again and he spoke to my husband. And he told him at that time
              he could not let us have the deal because his adviser had advised him
              that he would be losing too much money. And so at that particular time
              he reneged on the deal.

¶16.   The circuit court found the testimony given by Stewart and the Rosses proved that

there was no meeting of the minds, no binding agreement, no contract.

¶17.   Further, the same evidence the Rosses relied on in support of the defense of breach

of contract would have been the same evidence to support the counterclaim. Accordingly,

before there can be a breach, there must be a contract. The counterclaim was based on the

Rosses’ assertion that there was a contract – a claim which the circuit court found meritless.

The court heard the discrepancy of evidence from both sides regarding breach of contract and

any other claim alleged by the Rosses.

¶18.   The only way to determine possession would be to consider whether the Rosses may

be entitled to possession, because Stewart breached his contract to sell his mobile home. The

circuit court agreed with this assertion. It is clear from the record that the circuit court

considered whether Stewart and the Rosses contracted and whether there was a breach that

followed. In other words, if the court believed that there was a contract and a subsequent

breach of contract, it would not have granted the replevin. Absent a jury, the circuit court

judge was the trier of fact, and concluded that no contract existed between the parties. The

supreme court has held that “conflicting testimony is to be resolved by the trier of fact, the

judge in a bench trial.” Tabitha Prayer v. Greenwood Leflore Hosp., 183 So. 3d 877, 883

                                              9
(¶19) (Miss. 2016) (citation omitted).

¶19.   This Court must also note that “it is, of course, a basic principle of the law of contracts

that a contract is not formed between the parties absent the essential elements of offer,

acceptance, and consideration.” Whiting v. Univ. of S. Miss., 62 So. 3d 907, 915 (¶14) (Miss.

2011) (citations omitted). Therefore, even if the Rosses and Stewart entered into some form

of an agreement regarding sale of the mobile home, there was no consideration paid, because

the Rosses never paid rent to Stewart.

¶20.   The dissents writes, “a claim for replevin asks for immediate possession of personal

property.” (Citing Miss. Code Ann. §§ 11- 37-101 & 11-37-141 (Rev. 2012)). The right of

the possession requires the court to consider ownership of the personal property. Likewise,

a replevin action can be decided only after the court determines who owns the property,

whether any liens are due on the property, and whether any other person(s) have a legal right

to claim as to the property. We agree. Accordingly, we find that the trial court concluded

that Stewart was the legal owner of the mobile home.

¶21.   Although the trial judge initially erred by declining jurisdiction over the Rosses’

counterclaim, we find that the trial judge later exercised jurisdiction over the Rosses’

counterclaim by allowing testimony regarding the existence of a contract and an alleged

breach. Accordingly, in future and similar actions, we encourage trial courts to hear viable

counterclaims accompanied with a replevin action to ensure judicial economy.

¶22. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF PIKE COUNTY IS
AFFIRMED.   ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE
APPELLANTS.

                                               10
     LEE, C.J., IRVING, P.J., AND CARLTON, J., CONCUR. GREENLEE, J.,
CONCURS IN PART AND IN THE RESULT WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN
OPINION. FAIR, J., CONCURS IN PART AND DISSENTS IN PART WITHOUT
SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. GRIFFIS, P.J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE
WRITTEN OPINION, JOINED BY BARNES, ISHEE, FAIR AND WILSON, JJ.

       GRIFFIS, P.J., DISSENTING:

¶23.   I respectfully disagree with the majority and dissent.

¶24.   On October 26, 2015, as the trial began, the circuit court dismissed the Rosses’

counterclaims without prejudice. The trial judge ruled:

       All right, well, I have a ruling on the counterclaims and they are hereby
       dismissed without prejudice.

       Clearly, the case law states as in Finance America v. Durbin at 370, 1356 [sic],
       damages must be sought after judgment on the issue of possession and not by
       way of counterclaim. Clearly, the law of replevin simply does not allow - -
       now, the counterclaims are dismissed, except as to the extent that they are legal
       defenses to the issue of replevin. But as far as the claims on their own which
       go forward in opposition to the replevin, they are dismissed without prejudice.

¶25.   The majority refers to Durbin, but does not acknowledge that it was decided before

the Rules of Civil Procedure governed. I admit my confusion with the majority’s ruling that

it was legally proper for the Rosses’ counterclaims to be dismissed but to allow the Rosses

to present their defense of breach of contract. The majority does not rely upon Durbin and

does not attempt to argue how the circuit court was correct to apply it here.

¶26.   Instead, the majority refers to a supreme court ruling that occurred before the

Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure were adopted. See Gen. Motors Acceptance Corp. v.

Fairley, 359 So. 2d 1386 (Miss. 1978). The majority cites the following from the opinion,

“[a]fter a careful consideration of the office of replevin, we have reached the conclusion that

                                              11
the Laws of 1975, ch. 508, do not permit a defendant to file a counterclaim or recoupment

except for the specific statutory damages.” Maj. Op. at (¶7) (citing Fairley, 359 So. 2d at

1388). It should be noted that, in Fairley, the next two sentences read:

       A replevin action is a possessory action for specific property and not a suit for
       monetary damages. No provision is made under the above law for a judgment
       of money, except for the wrongful taking, detention, value of the specific
       property, or damages for wrongful suing out of the writ.

Fairley, 359 So. 2d at 1388. This is no longer true. Under the Mississippi Rules of Civil

Procedure, a defendant may assert either a compulsory or a permissive counterclaim.4 It

certainly appears to me that the Rosses’ counterclaims would be compulsory, because they

“arise[] out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the opposing party’s

claim.” M.R.C.P. 13(a).

¶27.   Neither Durbin nor Fairley is governing authority here. Both of these cases were

decided before the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure were adopted. By order dated May

26, 1981, the Mississippi Supreme Court adopted the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure

(effective January 1, 1982). Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 1 provides:

       4
           Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 13 provides:

       (a) Compulsory Counter-claims. A pleading shall state as a counter-claim any
       claim which at the time of serving the pleading the pleader has against any
       opposing party if it arises out of the transaction or occurrence that is the
       subject matter of the opposing party’s claim and does not require for its
       adjudication the presence of third parties over whom the court cannot acquire
       jurisdiction. . . .

       (b) Permissive Counter-Claims. A pleading may state as a counter-claim any
       claim against an opposing party not arising out of the transaction or
       occurrence that is the subject matter of the opposing party’s claim.

                                              12
       These rules govern procedure in the circuit courts . . . in all suits of a civil
       nature, whether cognizable as cases at law or in equity, subject to certain
       limitations enumerated in Rule 81; however, even those enumerated
       proceedings are still subject to these rules where no statute applicable to the
       proceedings provides otherwise or sets forth procedures inconsistent with these
       rules. These rules shall be construed to secure the just, speedy, and
       inexpensive determination of every action.

(Emphasis added). First, Rule 81 does not exclude replevin actions from the Mississippi

Rules of Civil Procedure. Second, a claim for replevin asks for immediate possession of

personal property. Miss. Code Ann. §§ 11-37-101 & 11-37-141 (Rev. 2012). It requires the

court to consider the ownership of the personal property. The Rosses’ counterclaims

challenged whether they had any rights to the property. There is no need for a second action

when, under Rule 1, we are instructed to construe the rules “to secure the just, speedy and

inexpensive determination of every action.” It only makes sense that all such claims should

be brought in one action under the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure.

¶28.   The majority cites Caterpillar Financial Services Corp. v. Burroughs Diesel, Inc., 125
So. 3d 659, 659 (¶1) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013). In that case, there were two lawsuits between

the same two creditors for possession and the right to sell a Caterpillar excavator. This Court

acknowledged that:

       To this point, the procedural nature of these cases seems to be contrary to the
       purpose of the replevin statute and the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure.
       The claims have been litigated separately, before three different courts. The
       replevin claim is on appeal from a final judgment, and the mechanic’s lien
       claim is an appeal of a summary judgment. These cases have been
       consolidated before this Court.

Id. at 665 (¶43) (footnotes omitted). We recognized that two parties claimed the right to

possess the personal property. Cat Financial’s claim was through a replevin action; and

                                              13
Burroughs’s claim was through a mechanic’s lien. This Court found reversible error in the

different decisions. Interestingly, three years ago, this Court instructed that “[i]n future

similar actions, it would be preferable for such a dispute as this one to be determined in one

court proceeding.” Id. at 674 (¶90). The majority acknowledges and agrees with this

language, but says the facts here are “unique.” They are not.

¶29.   The majority also cites Hall v. Corbin, 478 So. 2d 253, 254 (Miss. 1985).5 There, the

supreme court framed the issue before the court as:

       This case presents issues involving the scope of jurisdiction and available
       remedies in circuit court ancillary to a replevin action now that we are under
       the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure. In the end we hold that in such an
       action, a claim by another party asserting a non-possessory interest in the
       property may be asserted within the ancillary jurisdiction of the circuit court,
       so long as there is a common nucleus of operative fact between such claim and
       the original complaint in replevin. Such party may intervene in the circuit
       court replevin action, even though his claim is of equitable origins.

The court then ruled:

       We (and every other court in the land) have long held that once a court
       acquired actual subject matter jurisdiction of an action, other claims (whether
       asserted by the one or more of the original parties or by new or intervening
       parties), ancillary or pendent to the original claim could also be litigated in that
       action even though the ancillary or pendent claim standing alone may have
       been beyond the court’s jurisdiction. To fall within pendent or ancillary
       jurisdiction, the intruding claim must arise out of the same transaction or
       occurrence as the principal claim or, as others put it, out of a common nucleus
       of operative fact. The principal context in which we have recognized these
       notions is that where “legal claims” have been asserted in chancery court,
       pendent to the principal equity claim. There is no reason or principle why the
       converse should not also be true: where a circuit court has jurisdiction of an
       action at law, it may hear and adjudicate in that action all claims, including
       those with an equitable smell, arising out of the same transaction and

       5
        We considered the same language from Hall in our discussion of ancillary and
pendent jurisdiction in Caterpillar, 125 So. 3d at 654 (¶¶88-89).

                                               14
       occurrence as the principal claim. Indeed, the converse would appear even
       more appropriate in that our circuit courts are courts of general jurisdiction,
       Miss. Const. art. 6 § 156 (1890), while our chancery courts are regarded as
       courts of special or limited jurisdiction.

(Internal citations omitted) (emphasis added). Thus, in Hall, the court allowed a third party

to intervene and join claims under Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure 18 and 24. The court

reasoned:

       In this view we hold that the claim of intervenor . . . as originally filed and as
       revived was within the jurisdiction of the circuit court ancillary to the original
       action in replevin. This holding does not depend upon any enlargement of
       jurisdiction effected by the MRCP, for those rules neither pretend to nor have
       power to enlarge jurisdiction. Rule 82(a), MRCP. These rules at most sweep
       away procedural barriers to the assertion of claims otherwise within the
       court’s jurisdiction.

Hall, 478 So. 2d at 255-56 (emphasis added). The court concluded:

       Once intervention is permitted under the rules, it follows that intervenors may
       join as many claims as they have against the opposing party. Rule 18, MRCP.
       By virtue of the familiar concepts of ancillary or pendent jurisdiction, it does
       not matter that some of the claims sound in equity. We have recognized on
       many occasions that under the rule, circuit courts may be called upon to grant
       equitable relief where such claims are ancillary to the civil actions in law in
       order “to secure the just, speedy and inexpensive determination of every
       action.” Rule 1, MRCP.

Hall, 478 So. 2d at 257 (internal citation omitted) (emphasis added).

¶30.   This case was commenced under the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure. All

necessary parties were before the court. The possession of the mobile home was at issue

through a claim for replevin. The Rosses sought to adjudicate their counterclaims for breach

of contract, among other claims. The supreme court determined in Hall that a third party

could intervene and join a claim in a replevin action; thus, I see no legal authority for the

                                              15
circuit court or the majority to decline jurisdiction over both the replevin claim and all

counterclaims asserted.

¶31.   The majority cites no legal authority for its decision to affirm the trial judge’s decision

to decline jurisdiction. The majority affirms the trial court because it apparently believes that

the judge actually considered the Rosses’ counterclaim for breach of contract6 and decided

that there was not a contract. At the end of the trial, the judge said:

       Frankly, this is not a difficult case, ladies and gentlemen. I mean . . . he’s got
       a title. He testified that he paid for it. There may have been some talk about
       a contract. And, again, maybe there is a contract and maybe you have an
       action for breach of contract . . . . I’m not saying that you do or you don’t. It’s
       just a separate action that has to be maintained.

The trial judge’s own words clearly refute the notion that the Rosses’ counterclaims were

actually considered by the trial judge and the dismissal was nothing but harmless error.

¶32.   I find it was reversible error as a matter of law for the circuit court to decline

jurisdiction over the counterclaims. I would reverse and remand this case for further

proceedings. I therefore respectfully dissent.

       BARNES, ISHEE, FAIR AND WILSON, JJ., JOIN THIS OPINION.

       6
        The majority does not discuss the Rosses’ right to a jury trial on their breach-of-
contract claim and does not discuss the fact that the trial court did not consider or allow
evidence on the Rosses’ other claims for breach of fiduciary duties, breach of the implied
covenant of good faith and fair dealing, fraudulent misrepresentation, negligent
misrepresentation, unconscionability, emotional distress, or conspiracy.

                                               16