Court Opinion

ID: 9960908
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-17 16:03:42.215554+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:20:02.497641
License: Public Domain

Third District Court of Appeal
                               State of Florida

                         Opinion filed April 17, 2024.
       Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                            ________________

                             No. 3D22-0815
                      Lower Tribunal No. F17-10316
                          ________________

                               Norge Cruz,
                                  Appellant,

                                     vs.

                         The State of Florida,
                                  Appellee.

      An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Tanya
Brinkley, Judge.

     Rier Jordan, P.A., and Jonathan E. Jordan, for appellant.

    Ashley Moody, Attorney General, and Linda Katz, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee.

Before SCALES, MILLER and BOKOR, JJ.

     SCALES, J.
         Norge Cruz appeals his conviction and sentence for one count of

criminal conspiracy to tamper with physical evidence. Finding no merit to

Cruz’s arguments that he is entitled either to a judgment of acquittal or a new

trial, we affirm.

    I.     Relevant Background

         Cruz was arrested and charged by Information with attempted first-

degree murder for the May 15, 2017 shooting of Donnson Jimenez.1 When

the police took Cruz into custody, he had a Samsung Galaxy cellphone on

his person. While Cruz was in jail awaiting trial, Cruz had a telephone

conversation with his wife that was recorded by jail authorities. In the call,

Cruz referenced the cellphone, gave his wife the password to his Google

account, implored her repeatedly to log in to the account to access the

cellphone and to then “crash that shit so the cops can’t go through my shit.”

The wife repeatedly responded “uh huh” to Cruz’s instructions.

         Any subsequent attempt by the wife to wipe the memory from the

cellphone proved fruitless as the police ultimately obtained a search warrant

for the cellphone that revealed numerous incriminating text messages about

the shooting and cellular data reflecting the cellphone’s location near the

1
 Jimenez identified another individual as the shooter and Cruz as the driver
of the getaway car.

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crime scene around the time of the shooting. The State then filed an

Amended Information charging Cruz with the additional crime of criminal

conspiracy to tamper with physical evidence (i.e., Cruz’s instructing his wife

to “crash” and/or wipe the Samsung Galaxy’s memory).

          Following a four-day jury trial, at which the relevant portion of the phone

call was played to the jury, the jury found Cruz not guilty of attempted first-

degree murder, but guilty of conspiracy to tamper with physical evidence.

The trial court entered a judgment of acquittal for attempted murder and, for

the conspiracy conviction, sentenced Cruz to three hundred days in the

county jail followed by four years of probation. Cruz timely appealed his

conspiracy conviction.

    II.      Analysis

          In this appeal, Cruz raises three issues. We address each in turn.

          First, Cruz argues that the trial court erred by denying his motion for

judgment of acquittal,2 claiming the State presented no competent,

substantial evidence that Cruz participated in a conspiracy to tamper with

2
  “When ruling on a motion for judgment of acquittal, the trial court must
determine whether the evidence adduced at trial, when viewed in a light most
favorable to the State, would allow a rational trier of fact to find ‘the existence
of the elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Perdomo v. State,
336 So. 3d 767, 768 (Fla. 3d DCA 2021) (quoting Bush v. State, 295 So. 3d
179, 201 (Fla. 2020)). In general, this Court must affirm where a conviction
is supported by competent, substantial evidence. Id.

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physical evidence. This argument is meritless. “[T]he crime of conspiracy

consists of an express or implied agreement between two or more persons

to commit a criminal offense; both the agreement and an intention to commit

an offense are essential elements of this crime.” Pino v. State, 573 So. 2d

151, 152 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991). Importantly, “direct proof of an agreement is

not necessary to establish a conspiracy; the jury is free to infer from all the

circumstances surrounding and accompanying the act that the common

purpose to commit the crime existed.” Herrera v. State, 532 So. 2d 54, 58

(Fla. 3d DCA 1988) (quoting McCain v. State, 390 So. 2d 779, 780 (Fla. 3d

DCA 1980)). In the jailhouse recording of the telephone call between Cruz

and his wife, Cruz plainly instructed his wife to delete the data on Cruz’s

cellphone, and told her how to do it, so the police could not obtain the data.

Viewed in context with the surrounding circumstances – i.e., Cruz was in

prison for attempted first-degree murder and the police investigation was

ongoing – and in a light most favorable to the State, there was competent,

substantial evidence for the jury to conclude from this telephone

conversation that Cruz intended to commit the crime of tampering with

physical evidence and that his wife agreed to do so. See § 777.04(3), Fla.

Stat. (2017) (defining the offense of criminal conspiracy); § 918.13(1)(a), Fla.

Stat. (2017) (defining the offense of tampering with physical evidence).

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      Second, Cruz argues that the trial court abused its discretion3 by not

severing the conspiracy charge from the attempted first-degree murder

charge. This argument also lacks merit because multiple offenses “based on

the same act or transaction or on 2 or more connected acts or transactions”

may be charged in the same information. Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.150(a). Further,

Cruz made no showing below that “severance [was] appropriate to promote

a fair determination of [his] guilt or innocence of each offense[.]” Fla. R. Crim.

P. 3.152(a)(2)(A).

      Finally, Cruz argues that the trial court abused its discretion, violating

the “rule of completeness,” by denying Cruz’s request to play to the jury the

entirety of the jailhouse telephone call between Cruz and his wife.

       The “rule of completeness” is codified in Florida’s evidence code and,

states, in relevant part, as follows:

      When a writing or recorded statement or part thereof is
      introduced by a party, an adverse party may require him or her
      at that time to introduce any other part or any other writing or
      recorded statement that in fairness ought to be considered
      contemporaneously.

3
 See Luongo v. State, 278 So. 3d 871, 874 (Fla. 4th DCA 2019) (“We review
a trial court’s decision to consolidate or sever charges for an abuse of
discretion.”).

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§ 90.108(1), Fla. Stat. (2017). The purpose of the rule is “to avoid the

potential for creating misleading impressions by taking statements out of

context.” Larzelere v. State, 676 So. 2d 394, 401 (Fla. 1996).

      By its express terms, the rule of completeness is not absolute, and in

the interest of fairness, “a trial court may exercise its discretion to exclude

irrelevant portions of a recorded statement.” Pulcini v. State, 41 So. 3d 338,

348 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010). A trial court’s “fairness determination” under the

rule is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. See Larzelere, 676 So. 2d at 402.

      The trial court determined that the vast majority of the thirty-one-minute

call was entirely irrelevant to the issues being tried, and Cruz points to no

portion of the excluded call that was in any way relevant to the case or that

would have shed any light on the portions of the phone call that were

admitted. See Mason v. State, 719 So. 2d 304, 305 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998).

Under these circumstances, we cannot conclude that the trial court abused

its discretion.

      Affirmed.

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