Court Opinion

ID: 5718036
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-12 16:05:17.658246+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:40:39.532899
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 21-1496
                             Filed January 12, 2022

IN THE INTEREST OF C.W.,
Minor Child,

D.W., Father,
      Appellant,

L.W., Mother,
      Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Cynthia S. Finley,

District Associate Judge.

      A mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental

rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.

      Robin L. Himes, Cedar Rapids, for appellant father.

      Kylie Liu of the Office of the State Public Defender, Cedar Rapids, for

appellant mother.

      Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Diane Murphy Smith, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee State.

      Julie Gunderson Trachta of Linn County Advocate, Inc., Cedar Rapids,

attorney and guardian ad litem for minor child.

      Considered by Ahlers, P.J., Badding, J., and Vogel, S.J.*

      *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206

(2022).
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VOGEL, Senior Judge.

       A mother and father separately appeal the juvenile court order terminating

their parental rights.   The mother was provided with reasonable efforts for

reunification, there is clear and convincing evidence in the record to support

termination of the father’s parental rights, and termination is in the best interests

of the child. We affirm on both appeals.

       C.W. came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Human Services

(DHS) in January 2021 after testing positive for methamphetamine and

amphetamine at birth. The child was removed from the parents’ custody, placed

in family foster care, and adjudicated a child in need of assistance (CINA). In June,

the State petitioned for termination of both parents’ rights. The matter came on for

hearing on September 27. The mother appeared and testified. The father was

incarcerated at the time of the hearing and participated via telephone.

       The court entered its termination order on October 1, terminating the

mother’s rights under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(g) and (h) (2021), and the

father’s rights under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h). Each parent appeals.

       We review termination-of-parental-rights proceedings de novo. In re M.D.,

921 N.W.2d 229, 232 (Iowa 2018). While we give weight to the juvenile court’s

factual findings, we are not bound by them. Id. Our primary concern is the best

interests of the child. In re J.S., 846 N.W.2d 36, 40 (Iowa 2014).

       The mother does not contest the grounds for termination or argue

termination is not in the child’s best interests. See In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40–

41 (Iowa 2010) (describing the three-step framework to review termination of

parental rights, and stating we need not address any step not raised on appeal).
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The mother does claim DHS did not make reasonable efforts towards reunification,

stating they only offered the same services that have not worked for her in prior

CINA and termination cases. The mother made little effort to participate in the

substance-abuse and mental-health services offered to her, and her only request

during the underlying proceedings regarding services or reasonable efforts was to

request additional visitation.1 Under these circumstances, DHS made reasonable

efforts to reunify the mother and child, and error was not preserved as to any

additional services.    See In re L.M., 904 N.W.2d 835, 839–40 (Iowa 2017)

(“Although DHS must make reasonable efforts in furtherance of reunification, . . .

parents have a responsibility to object when they claim the nature or extent of

services is inadequate.”).

       The father contests the grounds for termination, seeks an additional six

months before termination, and asserts termination is not in the child’s best

interests. Under section 232.116(1)(h), the juvenile court may terminate parental

rights if the State proves all of the following:

               (1) The child is three years of age or younger.
               (2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of
       assistance pursuant to section 232.96.
               (3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of
       the child’s parents for at least six months of the last twelve months,
       or for the last six consecutive months and any trial period at home
       has been less than thirty days.

1 During the CINA proceeding, the juvenile court denied the mother’s request for
additional visitation “due to lack of compliance with supervision expectations.”
While the mother does not specifically raise visitation in her petition to us, we
consider visitation as part of the offered services for reunification. See In re C.B.,
611 N.W.2d 489, 494 (Iowa 2000) (“[O]ur focus is on the services provided by the
state and the response by [the parent], not on services [the parent] now claims the
DHS failed to provide.”).
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              (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that the child
       cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided
       in section 232.102 at the present time.

The father does not challenge the first three elements. For the final element, the

father was incarcerated at the time of the hearing and could not take custody of

the child. We agree the State proved the elements of section 232.116(1)(h) by

clear and convincing evidence.

       Next, the father argues he has been unable to fully participate in services

due to his incarceration and asks for additional time to reunify with the child. The

father did not comply with court-ordered drug testing, substance-abuse treatment,

mental-health treatment, or domestic-abuse programming when in the community.

He was in and out of jail throughout the proceedings due to allegations he

committed domestic abuse against the mother, a contempt of court finding, and

his use and packaging of drugs. The father plans to continue living with the mother

after his release from jail. We find no basis for a six-month extension. See Iowa

Code § 232.104(2)(b) (authorizing a six-month extension of time if the need for

removal will no longer exist at the end of the additional period); In re J.E., 723

N.W.2d 793, 798 (Iowa 2006) (stating a parent’s past conduct is instructive in

determining future actions).

       Finally, the father asserts termination of his parental rights is not in the

child’s best interests. We “give primary consideration to the child’s safety, to the

best placement for furthering the long-term nurturing and growth of the child, and

to the physical, mental, and emotional condition and needs of the child.” Iowa

Code § 232.116(2). The father has had minimal contact with the child and has

shown no ability to provide a safe and stable environment for the child. The
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juvenile court found termination of the father’s parental rights was in the child’s

best interests, and we agree.

      We affirm the termination of the mother’s and the father’s parental rights.

      AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.