Court Opinion

ID: 5126568
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-11-17 14:10:07.635204+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:22:57.296736
License: Public Domain

[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as Ohio
State Bar Assn. v. Bruner, Slip Opinion No. 2021-Ohio-4048.]

                                          NOTICE
      This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in an
      advance sheet of the Ohio Official Reports. Readers are requested to
      promptly notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of Ohio, 65
      South Front Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, of any typographical or other
      formal errors in the opinion, in order that corrections may be made before
      the opinion is published.

                           Slip Opinion No. 2021-Ohio-4048
                    OHIO STATE BAR ASSOCIATION v. BRUNER.
  [Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it
        may be cited as Ohio State Bar Assn. v. Bruner, Slip Opinion No.
                                     2021-Ohio-4048.]
Attorneys—Misconduct—Disciplinary panel not bound by parties’ stipulations of
        fact or misconduct—Multiple violations of the Rules of Professional
        Conduct, including failing to create or maintain client-trust-account
        records, failing to communicate with clients regarding the scope and nature
        of the representation and the basis or rate of fees and expenses, engaging
        in conduct that adversely reflects upon the lawyer’s fitness to practice law,
        failing to notify clients of the lack of professional-liability insurance, and
        failing to disclose material facts during the disciplinary investigation—
        Two-year suspension and order to pay restitution.
   (No. 2020-1533—Submitted May 11, 2021—Decided November 17, 2021.)
   ON CERTIFIED REPORT by the Board of Professional Conduct of the Supreme
                                   Court, No. 2019-048.
                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

                            _______________________
       Per Curiam.
       {¶ 1} Respondent, Harvey Bruce Bruner, of Cleveland, Ohio, Attorney
Registration No. 0004829, was admitted to the practice of law in Ohio in 1974. In
2012, we imposed a conditionally stayed two-year suspension on Bruner based on
his neglect and charging a clearly excessive fee in three client matters. Ohio State
Bar Assn. v. Bruner, 133 Ohio St.3d 163, 2012-Ohio-4326, 976 N.E.2d 899.
       {¶ 2} In August 2019, relator, the Ohio State Bar Association, charged
Bruner with professional misconduct in six client matters and with failing to notify
clients that he lacked professional-liability insurance for a period of more than
seven years. A three-member panel of the Board of Professional Conduct heard the
matter in October 2020. On the morning of the hearing, the parties filed stipulations
of fact, misconduct, and aggravating and mitigating factors and 41 stipulated
exhibits. The parties also jointly recommended that Bruner serve a two-year
suspension with one year stayed.
       {¶ 3} During the hearing, relator sought to withdraw charged rule violations
that were not addressed in the parties’ stipulations, and the parties agreed to amend
the complaint to include rule violations that were included in the stipulations but
were not charged in the complaint. Although the parties initially intended to submit
the case on the stipulations and exhibits, relator ultimately called Bruner to testify
on cross-examination. Bruner did not offer direct testimony or call any witnesses
in his case in chief but requested—and was granted—additional time to file
mitigating evidence posthearing.
       {¶ 4} The panel found that Bruner had engaged in the stipulated misconduct
and committed two violations of Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) (prohibiting a lawyer from
engaging in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation),
even though relator had sought to withdraw the Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) charges. The
panel recommended that we suspend Bruner’s license for two years and order him

                                          2
                                January Term, 2021

to pay restitution. The board issued a report adopting the panel’s findings and
recommended sanction.
       {¶ 5} Bruner objects to the board’s report, arguing that we should adopt
only the parties’ stipulations of misconduct or remand the matter to the board for
an evidentiary hearing. For the reasons explained below, we dismiss one of the
alleged Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) violations but otherwise overrule Bruner’s objections
and adopt the board’s findings of misconduct and recommended sanction.
                                  I. Misconduct
                         A. Count one—the Russell matter
       {¶ 6} In April 2017, Theodore Russell retained Bruner to represent him in
a criminal matter. About six months later, Russell filed a grievance against Bruner,
alleging, among other things, that Bruner had been disrespectful to him. Russell
recorded some of his conversations with Bruner, and in one of those conversations,
Bruner threatened to make Russell’s life miserable if he filed a grievance.
       {¶ 7} During the disciplinary investigation, Bruner initially denied
threatening Russell. But after being presented with Russell’s recording, Bruner
acknowledged that it was his voice on the recording. At his disciplinary hearing,
Bruner testified that he had not remembered the conversation until relator played
the recording for him. Based on this conduct, the parties stipulated and the board
found that Bruner violated Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(h) (prohibiting a lawyer from engaging
in conduct that adversely reflects on the lawyer’s fitness to practice law). We agree
with the board’s finding of misconduct.
                          B. Count two—the Harb matter
       {¶ 8} In 2017, Michael Harb filed a grievance against Bruner related to his
court-appointed representation of Harb in a criminal matter. Bruner admitted that
during relator’s investigation of the grievance, he made inconsistent statements and
failed to disclose material facts. Based on this conduct, the parties stipulated and
the board found that Bruner violated Prof.Cond.R. 8.1(b) (prohibiting a lawyer from

                                          3
                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

failing to disclose a material fact in response to a demand for information from a
disciplinary authority). We agree with the board’s finding of misconduct.
                         C. Count three—the Ortega matter
        {¶ 9} On March 5, 2016, Carlos Ortega Sr. and Rosa Ortega met with
Bruner to discuss the possibility of any postconviction remedies for their son, who
had been convicted of several felonies and sentenced to 27 years to life in prison.
Bruner quoted the Ortegas a legal fee of $5,000, and Carlos paid Bruner $2,500 in
cash.
        {¶ 10} On April 21, 2016, Carlos met with Bruner again, and Bruner
presented him with an invoice for $2,537.50. The Ortegas later filed a grievance
against Bruner, arguing that he had not provided the legal services for which he had
been paid, including filing a writ of habeas corpus in federal court on behalf of their
son. Although Bruner maintained that he had never promised to file anything,
Bruner admitted that he had not adequately communicated with Carlos about the
scope of the work that he would perform for the initial $2,500 payment. Bruner
also admitted that he had failed to create or retain any client-trust-account records
relating to the representation or the advanced fee that he had obtained from Carlos.
        {¶ 11} Based on this conduct, the parties stipulated and the board found that
Bruner violated Prof.Cond.R. 1.5(b) (requiring a lawyer to communicate the nature
and scope of the representation as well as the basis or rate of the fee and expenses
within a reasonable time after commencing the representation) and 1.15(a)(2)
(requiring a lawyer to maintain a record for each client on whose behalf funds are
held). Bruner also stipulated and the board found that he owes $1,250 in restitution
to Carlos.
        {¶ 12} In addition, the board found that Bruner violated Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c)
in the Ortega matter, although relator had requested to withdraw this alleged rule
violation at Bruner’s disciplinary hearing. To support its finding, the board noted
that Bruner’s invoice to Carlos indicated that Bruner had performed work in the

                                          4
                                  January Term, 2021

Ortega matter on three separate days: March 25, April 2, and April 10. The board
further noted that Bruner subsequently “stated that all of his work was done on
March 12, then later said that he did not start working on this matter until March
30 and April 7.” Thus, it appears that the board found that Bruner violated
Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) based on contradictory statements about when he performed
legal services for the Ortegas.
       {¶ 13} Bruner objects to the board’s finding of a Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c)
violation, arguing, among other things, that the board lacked authority to find a rule
violation to which the parties had not stipulated. We conclude that the Prof.Cond.R.
8.4(c) violation must be dismissed, although not for the reasons set forth in Bruner’s
objections.
       {¶ 14} Misrepresentation or dishonest conduct under Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) is
a serious offense and like all rule violations, must be proven by clear and
convincing evidence. See Gov.Bar R. V(12)(I); Columbus Bar Assn. v. Keating,
155 Ohio St.3d 347, 2018-Ohio-4730, 121 N.E.3d 341, ¶ 28. “The clear-and-
convincing-evidence standard is actually an intermediate standard—‘more than a
mere preponderance, but not to the extent of such certainty as is required beyond a
reasonable doubt as in criminal cases.’ ” Disciplinary Counsel v. Stafford, 128
Ohio St.3d 446, 2011-Ohio-1484, 946 N.E.2d 193, ¶ 55, quoting Cross v. Ledford,
161 Ohio St. 469, 477, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954). Here, the board failed to identify
in its report clear and convincing evidence supporting a Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c)
violation.
       {¶ 15} As noted above, the board found that Bruner gave contradictory
statements about the dates on which he had performed work for the Ortegas. To
support its finding, the board cited several specific pages of the hearing transcript.
But Bruner did not testify about the Ortega matter on those pages. In fact, Bruner
never testified at his disciplinary hearing about specific dates on which he had
performed work for the Ortegas.

                                          5
                                  SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

         {¶ 16} Nor could we find other clear and convincing evidence in the record
to support the board’s finding. The record includes transcripts from Bruner’s June
2018 interview by relator and Bruner’s February 2019 deposition. During the
interview, Bruner initially stated that he had performed work in the Ortega matter
on one day—the Saturday after his first visit with the Ortegas. But after locating
his invoice for the Ortega matter, Bruner stated that he had performed the work on
March 25 and April 2, as noted on the invoice. During Bruner’s deposition, relator
asked Bruner about his initial interview statement in which he reported having
completed the work in one day. Bruner responded that “[i]t was probably a couple
Saturdays” and that the dates on the invoice were accurate.
         {¶ 17} The board made a specific factual finding:                     Bruner’s invoice
indicated that he had performed work on the Ortega matter on March 25, April 2,
and April 10, but “[Bruner] stated that all of his work was done on March 12, then
later said that he did not start working on this matter until March 30 and April 7.”
It is unclear to this court when Bruner made those alleged statements.1 Considering
that the board has failed to identify the evidence necessary to support this
misconduct finding, we dismiss the Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) violation related to the
Ortega matter. We otherwise adopt the board’s findings that Bruner violated
Prof.Cond.R. 1.5(b) and 1.15(a)(2) and overrule as moot Bruner’s objections
relating to the Ortega matter.
                             D. Count four—the Jackson matter
         {¶ 18} In September 2016, Derek Jackson entered a guilty plea in a criminal
case, and in November, the court sentenced him to prison. On the day of his
sentencing, Jackson—represented by the public defender’s office—filed a motion

1. In Carlos’s grievance, he alleged that when he had called Bruner on March 30 and April 7, Bruner
stated that he had not yet reviewed the file. Thus, the allegations in Carlos’s grievance also do not
support the board’s finding that Bruner stated that he had not started work on the matter until March
30 and April 7.

                                                 6
                                January Term, 2021

to withdraw his guilty plea, which the court denied. A few weeks later, Jackson
retained Bruner to file another motion to withdraw his guilty plea. Jackson paid
Bruner $1,500 by credit card before Bruner had performed any legal services on his
behalf. Bruner admitted that he had failed to create or maintain any client-trust-
account records relating to his representation of Jackson.
       {¶ 19} Bruner filed a two-page motion and memorandum on Jackson’s
behalf but failed to cite any legal authority. He also failed to review the docket
before filing his motion and was therefore unaware that Jackson’s prior counsel had
filed a similar motion that the court had already denied. Bruner admitted that he
had failed to check the docket because he was recovering from surgery in a
rehabilitation center.
       {¶ 20} Based on this conduct, the parties stipulated and the board found that
Bruner violated Prof.Cond.R. 1.1 (requiring a lawyer to provide competent
representation to a client) and 1.15(a)(2). We agree with the board’s findings of
misconduct.
                         E. Count five—the Herron matter
       {¶ 21} In 2010, James Herron, while represented by Bruner, pleaded guilty
to rape and was sentenced to 12 years in prison. Bruner advised Herron that he
would be eligible for judicial release in October 2016. In August 2017, Herron’s
brother paid Bruner $750 by credit card to file a motion for judicial release. Bruner
admitted that he had failed to create or maintain any client-trust-account records
relating to the payment or to his representation of Herron. Bruner filed the motion
in October 2017, but it was denied. By statute, Herron’s 12-year sentence was
mandatory, and he was therefore ineligible for judicial release. Bruner refunded
the $750 payment to Herron’s brother.
       {¶ 22} Based on this conduct, the parties stipulated and the board found that
Bruner violated Prof.Cond.R. 1.1 and 1.15(a)(2). We agree.

                                         7
                              SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

                          F. Count six—the Walton matter
         {¶ 23} In February 2016, Mary Walton paid Bruner $3,000 of an agreed-
upon $5,000 fee to represent her son, Devonte Walton, who was incarcerated. Mary
hired Bruner to find new evidence to file a motion for a new trial or perform other
postconviction work. Mary later filed a grievance against Bruner, alleging that he
had not completed any work on the matter. Bruner admitted that he had failed to
inform Mary about the scope of the work that he would perform and that he had
failed to adequately communicate with her about the basis of his fee. He also
admitted that he had failed to create or maintain any client-trust-account records
relating to the representation or to the funds that Mary had advanced to him.
         {¶ 24} Based on this conduct, the parties stipulated and the board found that
Bruner violated Prof.Cond.R. 1.5(b) and 1.15(a)(2). Bruner also stipulated and the
board found that he owes $1,500 in restitution to Mary.
         {¶ 25} In addition, the board found that Bruner violated Prof.Cond.R.
8.4(c)—although relator had sought to withdraw this charge at Bruner’s
disciplinary hearing. To support its finding, the board noted that Bruner claimed to
have visited Devonte at the Ohio State Penitentiary in Youngstown on July 22,
2016, and September 30, 2016, and that he had charged Mary four hours for each
visit, which included round-trip travel from Cleveland. But Devonte, the board
found, was incarcerated at the Cuyahoga County jail on those dates—not the Ohio
State Penitentiary—and the jail was only five minutes from Bruner’s office.
         {¶ 26} Bruner objects to the board’s finding that he violated Prof.Cond.R.
8.4(c). For the reasons explained below, we conclude that Bruner’s objections lack
merit.
     1. The “functional equivalent of a consent to discipline” agreement
         {¶ 27} Bruner argues that the parties’ stipulations were the “functional
equivalent of a consent to discipline” agreement and the panel was therefore
required to either (1) accept the stipulations or (2) reject them entirely and set the

                                           8
                                January Term, 2021

matter for a full trial. The parties’ stipulations, however, were neither a consent-
to-discipline agreement nor the equivalent of one.
       {¶ 28} Gov.Bar R. V(16) authorizes parties to enter into a written consent-
to-discipline agreement wherein the respondent admits to alleged misconduct and
the parties agree upon a sanction. Parties have an opportunity to bypass the hearing
process if they enter into the agreement no later than 90 days after the appointment
of the hearing panel, the agreement meets certain requirements, and the agreement
is accepted by the panel, the board, and this court. If the agreement is rejected at
any stage of the proceedings, the respondent is then entitled to a hearing. Id.; see
also Gov.Bar R. V(17)(D)(1).
       {¶ 29} The parties here filed stipulations on the day of the hearing—well
past the deadline for a consent-to-discipline agreement—and did not meet the other
requirements of Gov.Bar R. V(16).        Stipulations are filed in many attorney-
discipline matters and can help narrow contested issues and expedite the
proceeding.   But neither the panel nor this court are bound by the parties’
stipulations of facts or misconduct. See Cuyahoga Cty. Bar Assn. v. Veneziano,
120 Ohio St.3d 451, 2008-Ohio-6789, 900 N.E.2d 185, ¶ 6; Disciplinary Counsel
v. Karp, 156 Ohio St.3d 218, 2018-Ohio-5212, 124 N.E.3d 819, ¶ 15, fn. 2. And
Bruner was notified both before and during his disciplinary hearing that the panel
was not required to accept stipulated rule violations.
       {¶ 30} Moreover, the parties’ written stipulations did not address relator’s
charged Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) violation in the Walton matter. Instead, relator orally
sought to dismiss all charged rule violations that were not mentioned in the parties’
stipulations, including the Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) violation.      But if a charge is
otherwise supported by clear and convincing evidence, neither the panel nor this
court is required to dismiss the charge merely because a relator attempts to
withdraw it at the hearing. See, e.g., Akron Bar Assn. v. Holda, 125 Ohio St.3d
140, 2010-Ohio-1469, 926 N.E.2d 626, ¶ 8 (relator’s “withdrawal of the charge at

                                          9
                                 SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

the disciplinary hearing did not preclude the panel from finding that respondent’s
admission at the hearing provided the requisite clear and convincing evidence that
she had violated the rule”); Cleveland Metro. Bar Assn. v. Mariotti, 158 Ohio St.3d
522, 2019-Ohio-5191, 145 N.E.3d 286, ¶ 12.
        {¶ 31} Contrary to Bruner’s contention, the panel was not required to treat
the stipulations as a consent-to-discipline agreement.
                            2. The sufficiency of the evidence
        {¶ 32} Bruner also argues that the board misconstrued the facts in finding
that he violated Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) in the Walton matter. According to Bruner, he
did visit Devonte at the Ohio State Penitentiary in Youngstown—but in April 2016,
not in July or September. In his objections, Bruner claims that after relator
discovered the error in dates on his invoice, relator concluded that “Bruner was an
awful historian and an awful record keeper—but not a liar” and therefore decided
to withdraw the Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) charge.2
        {¶ 33} The board, however, did not find that Bruner never visited Devonte
at the penitentiary. Rather, the board found that Bruner claimed he had visited
Devonte at the Ohio State Penitentiary and billed for traveling to the penitentiary
on dates when Devonte was not housed there.                   We conclude that clear and
convincing evidence supported this finding.
        {¶ 34} During the disciplinary investigation, Bruner told relator on three
occasions that he had visited Devonte at the Ohio State Penitentiary, even though
at the time of those alleged visits, Devonte had been transferred to the custody of
Cuyahoga County. In Bruner’s February 2018 response to Mary’s grievance, he
submitted a copy of his invoice for the Walton matter, which showed that he had

2. In its answer to Bruner’s objections, relator “vehemently disagrees” with Bruner’s
characterization of relator’s motivation for seeking to withdraw the Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) charge.
Relator avers that its request to withdraw the charge was a “strategic decision to compromise on a
resolution” despite relator’s belief that clear and convincing evidence supported a finding of a
Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) violation.

                                               10
                                 January Term, 2021

billed four hours on July 22 and another four hours on September 30 for visiting
Devonte “at [the] Ohio State Penitentiary.” During a June 2018 interview with
relator, Bruner stated that he had visited Devonte on July 22 and September 30 at
the Ohio State Penitentiary and that part of the four hours that he had billed on those
dates related to his round-trip travel from Cleveland to Youngstown. Similarly, at
Bruner’s February 2019 deposition, he testified under oath that he had a “specific
recollection” of visiting Devonte at the Ohio State Penitentiary on July 22 and that
two of the billed hours were for travel time. He also testified that on September 30,
he had visited Devonte for a second time at the penitentiary.
        {¶ 35} At his disciplinary hearing, Bruner conceded that prison records
indicate that on July 7, 2016, Devonte had been transferred to the custody of
Cuyahoga County, and he did not return to the Ohio State Penitentiary until October
12, 2016. Bruner denied falsifying his invoice and stated that he had made a
mistake and provided incorrect dates on the invoice. Bruner maintained that he had
visited Devonte at the Ohio State Penitentiary twice—once in April 2016 and on
one other occasion, although Bruner did not know the exact date of the second visit
and he had no record of it.
        {¶ 36} The panel found that Bruner’s hearing testimony was not credible.
“Unless the record weighs heavily against a hearing panel’s findings, we defer to
the panel’s credibility determinations, inasmuch as the panel members saw and
heard the witnesses firsthand.” Cuyahoga Cty. Bar Assn. v. Wise, 108 Ohio St.3d
164, 2006-Ohio-550, 842 N.E.2d 35, ¶ 24. The record here does not weigh heavily
against the panel’s finding. Therefore, Bruner has not established that the board
lacked clear and convincing evidence to support its finding that he violated
Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) in the Walton matter.
                        3. The panel’s prehearing decisions
        {¶ 37} Bruner additionally argues that if we do not adopt the parties’
stipulations in their entirety, we must remand this matter for a full trial in the Walton

                                           11
                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

matter and reverse some of the panel’s prehearing evidentiary decisions.
Specifically, Bruner asserts that the panel erred and violated his due-process rights
by (1) quashing his subpoena duces tecum to a member of relator’s certified
grievance committee, (2) denying his motion to compel Devonte’s current counsel
to comply with a subpoena, and (3) denying his motion to exclude relator’s counsel.
       {¶ 38} “The boundaries of due process for attorney-discipline proceedings
are different from those in civil or criminal proceedings.” Disciplinary Counsel v.
Tamburrino, 151 Ohio St.3d 148, 2016-Ohio-8014, 87 N.E.3d 158, ¶ 21. A
respondent’s “due-process rights have been adequately protected as long as the
respondent has been ‘afforded a hearing, the right to issue subpoenas and depose
witnesses, and an opportunity for preparation to explain the circumstances
surrounding his actions.’ ” Id., quoting Disciplinary Counsel v. Character, 129
Ohio St.3d 60, 2011-Ohio-2902, 950 N.E.2d 177, ¶ 76. Considering the totality of
the proceedings here, we conclude that Bruner’s due-process rights were
adequately protected. Bruner had the opportunity to call witnesses, to testify on his
own behalf, and to better explain why he issued an invoice charging for travel time
to Youngstown on dates when Devonte was incarcerated in Cuyahoga County.
Bruner, however, did not present any evidence in his defense on this matter—
apparently because he was under the mistaken belief that the parties’ stipulations
resolved every issue for the panel. Due process does not require us to afford Bruner
a second chance to argue his case. See Disciplinary Counsel v. Maney, 152 Ohio
St.3d 201, 2017-Ohio-8799, 94 N.E.3d 533, ¶ 28.
       {¶ 39} Nor has Bruner sufficiently explained how he was prejudiced by the
panel’s alleged errors. For example, Bruner argues that the panel misapplied the
work-product doctrine in quashing his subpoena for memos written by Kevin
Tierney, a member of relator’s certified grievance committee. According to relator,
Tierney initially investigated the Walton and Ortega grievances and in 2017, he
issued two memos about his investigations. But sometime thereafter, relator

                                         12
                                January Term, 2021

claims, it assigned two of its current counsel—James Manken and James Roberts,
who were investigating some of the other grievances filed against Bruner—to
conduct a new investigation of the Ortega and Walton grievances.             During
Manken’s and Roberts’s 2018 investigation, Bruner produced the invoice and made
the false statements underlying the board’s finding of a Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c)
violation in the Walton matter. Bruner has failed to sufficiently explain how
Tierney’s 2017 memos could have made any difference with respect to the
Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) violation or why his inability to obtain those memos amounted
to prejudicial error requiring a new hearing.
       {¶ 40} Similarly, Bruner has not sufficiently explained why the panel erred
in refusing to disqualify Manken and Roberts as relator’s counsel. Bruner argues
that allowing Manken and Roberts to serve as both factual investigators and lead
counsel will create “extremely troubling precedent” in other areas of the law and
that the panel’s decision barred him from calling Manken and Roberts as fact
witnesses. The panel’s decision on this issue, however, is unlikely to impact areas
outside of attorney-discipline matters. “A disciplinary proceeding is instituted to
safeguard the courts and to protect the public from the misconduct of those who are
licensed to practice law, and is neither a criminal nor a civil proceeding.” In re
Judicial Campaign Complaint Against Carr, 76 Ohio St.3d 320, 322, 667 N.E.2d
965 (1996). And Bruner’s argument fails to account for the unique role of certified
grievance committees in the attorney-discipline process. See, e.g., Gov.Bar R.
V(9)(C)(1) (“a certified grievance committee shall review and may investigate any
matter filed with it or that comes to its attention and may file a complaint pursuant
to this rule in cases where it finds probable cause to believe that misconduct has
occurred”). Further, Bruner has not established why Manken’s and Roberts’s
testimony was necessary, considering that the Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) violation was
based on Bruner’s invoice and his own statements during his 2018 interview and

                                         13
                               SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

2019 deposition—all of which were admitted into evidence by stipulation of the
parties.
           {¶ 41} We overrule Bruner’s objections and adopt the board’s findings that
in the Walton matter, Bruner violated Prof.Cond.R. 1.5(b), 1.15(a)(2), and 8.4(c).
                    G. Count seven—professional-liability insurance
           {¶ 42} Bruner did not maintain professional-liability insurance from the
expiration of his 2007-2008 policy until April 29, 2016. Bruner admitted that
during the seven-year period, he had failed to properly notify clients that he lacked
professional-liability insurance. Based on this conduct, the parties stipulated and
the board found that Bruner violated Prof.Cond.R. 1.4(c) (requiring a lawyer to
inform a client if the lawyer does not maintain professional-liability insurance and
to obtain a signed acknowledgement of that notice from the client). We adopt the
board’s finding of misconduct.
           {¶ 43} We also dismiss any other rule violations alleged in relator’s
complaint that were not expressly dismissed by the hearing panel.
                                      II. Sanction
           {¶ 44} When imposing sanctions for attorney misconduct, we consider all
relevant factors, including the ethical duties that the lawyer violated, the
aggravating and mitigating factors listed in Gov.Bar R. V(13), and the sanctions
imposed in similar cases.
           {¶ 45} As aggravating factors, the board found that Bruner has prior
disciplinary offenses, engaged in a pattern of misconduct, committed multiple
offenses, and failed to make restitution in the Ortega and Walton matters. See
Gov.Bar R. V(13)(B)(1), (3), (4), and (9). The board also found that the victims of
Bruner’s misconduct were vulnerable, see Gov.Bar R. V(13)(B)(8), his testimony
was not credible, and he had “a rather cavalier attitude toward the truth.” The board
found one mitigating factor: Bruner submitted three letters from judges lauding his
professionalism and competence. See Gov.Bar R. V(13)(C)(5).

                                           14
                                 January Term, 2021

          {¶ 46} To support its recommended sanction, the board cited a number of
cases involving attorneys who had committed multiple offenses similar to Bruner’s,
with sanctions ranging from an indefinite suspension to a partially stayed two-year
suspension. For example, the board cited Disciplinary Counsel v. Noel, 134 Ohio
St.3d 157, 2012-Ohio-5456, 980 N.E.2d 1008, in which we indefinitely suspended
an attorney for misconduct that included making contradictory statements during
the disciplinary process, failing to deposit client funds into his trust account, and
failing to cooperate in two disciplinary investigations. The attorney had a prior
disciplinary record. The board also reviewed Columbus Bar Assn. v. Boggs, 129
Ohio St.3d 190, 2011-Ohio-2637, 951 N.E.2d 65, in which we indefinitely
suspended an attorney for failing to deposit client funds into his trust account,
failing to properly notify clients that he lacked professional-liability insurance,
neglecting two client matters, and charging two clients a clearly excessive fee. The
attorney had two prior disciplinary cases.
          {¶ 47} On the lower range of the spectrum, the board cited Disciplinary
Counsel v. Wallace, 138 Ohio St.3d 350, 2014-Ohio-1128, 6 N.E.3d 1177, in which
we suspended an attorney for two years with one year stayed based on his conduct
in two matters relating to the same client. The attorney misappropriated funds from
the client, failed to deposit the client’s funds into his trust account, and failed to
maintain client-trust-account records. The attorney had a prior disciplinary record
but established the existence of three mitigating factors. The board also reviewed
Disciplinary Counsel v. Corner, 145 Ohio St.3d 192, 2016-Ohio-359, 47 N.E.3d
847, in which we suspended an attorney for two years with one year conditionally
stayed for misconduct that included misusing her client trust account, issuing
incorrect settlement statements that inflated her fee, failing to maintain client-trust-
account records, and failing to represent a client competently and diligently.
Several mitigating factors were present, including the attorney’s clean disciplinary
record.

                                          15
                              SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

          {¶ 48} The board found that on balance, the circumstances here are more
egregious than those in Wallace and Corner but do not rise to the level of
warranting an indefinite suspension. The board therefore recommended a two-year
suspension, noting that Bruner “represents a continuing threat to the public.”
          {¶ 49} Without citing any precedent, Bruner argues that we should adopt
the parties’ recommended sanction of a two-year suspension with one year stayed.
We conclude that the board’s recommended sanction is appropriate.               Bruner
threatened a client, admittedly failed to disclose material facts during a disciplinary
investigation, failed to competently represent two clients, failed to keep client-trust-
account records, failed to explain the scope of his representation to multiple clients,
engaged in dishonest conduct, and for a seven-year period, failed to properly notify
clients that he lacked professional-liability insurance. This misconduct—combined
with a profusion of aggravating factors, including previous discipline, compared to
a single mitigating factor—warrants an actual two-year suspension. See, e.g.,
Warren Cty. Bar Assn. v. Marshall, 113 Ohio St.3d 54, 2007-Ohio-980, 862 N.E.2d
519 (imposing an actual two-year suspension on an attorney who made a false
statement to the relator during a disciplinary investigation and neglected two client
matters; the attorney had prior discipline).
                                   III. Conclusion
          {¶ 50} Harvey Bruce Bruner is hereby suspended from the practice of law
in Ohio for two years. Within 90 days of our disciplinary order, Bruner shall
provide proof to relator that he has made restitution in the amounts of $1,250 to
Carlos Ortega Sr. and $1,500 to Mary Walton. Costs are taxed to Bruner.
                                                               Judgment accordingly.
          O’CONNOR, C.J., and KENNEDY, FISCHER, MAYLE, and STEWART, JJ.,
concur.
          BRUNNER, J., dissents, with an opinion joined by DEWINE, J.

                                          16
                                January Term, 2021

       CHRISTINE E. MAYLE, J., of the Sixth District Court of Appeals, sitting for
DONNELLY, J.
                               _________________
       BRUNNER, J., dissenting.
       {¶ 51} I respectfully dissent from the majority opinion in this case. While
this court is the ultimate arbiter of attorney-discipline matters, see Ohio State Bar
Assn. v. Reid, 85 Ohio St.3d 327, 708 N.E.2d 193 (1999), paragraph one of the
syllabus, I cannot support the board’s recommendation in this case, because the
disciplinary panel did not render procedural fairness—with its “surprise,” late-hour
rejection of the parties’ efforts to resolve the matter without the necessity of a
hearing. See In re Ruffalo, 390 U.S. 544, 551-552, 88 S.Ct. 1222, 20 L.Ed.2d 117
(1968) (admonishing against turning the attorney-disciplinary proceeding into a
trap). The actions of the panel in this case give the appearance of inducing
respondent, Harvey Bruce Bruner, to testify in order for the panel to accept the
parties’ stipulation agreement, but really, the panel’s actions served to elicit
testimony from Bruner, over the objections of his counsel, about matters he was
unprepared to testify about. The panel then used that testimony to find that Bruner
violated rules of professional conduct that relator, the Ohio State Bar Association,
had requested to withdraw and then impose a sanction that was partially based on
those additional violations. Our role is not only to promote public confidence in
the state’s judiciary but also to secure the confidence of the members of the bar.
We require them to respect the judiciary. Prof.Cond.R., Preamble [5] (“A lawyer
should demonstrate respect for the legal system and for those who serve it,
including judges, other lawyers, and public officials.”).
       {¶ 52} The flawed evidentiary process that occurred in this matter calls for
remanding it to the board—to allow for a full evidentiary hearing or for additional
time for the parties to file a consent-to-discipline agreement in conformance with
our rules—or at a minimum, dismissing the violations found by the panel that were

                                         17
                              SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

outside of the parties’ stipulation agreement and imposing a two-year suspension
with one year stayed and ordering Bruner to pay restitution, as the parties had
jointly recommended.
                Facts related to the procedural aspects of the hearing
        {¶ 53} It is clear that both relator and Bruner intended to use the stipulation
agreement to resolve the matter and to waive any further hearing.                Their
unpreparedness to present testimony on the day of the hearing establishes this fact.
Counsel for both relator and Bruner used the term “resolution” in describing their
stipulations, a term that was probably inappropriate since only the panel could bring
the matter to a resolution. Regardless, the proceeding began with the panel chair
appearing to agree to proceed down that path.
        {¶ 54} Counsel for relator briefed the disciplinary panel on the parties’
efforts to provide the panel with a “joint resolution,” calling the stipulations a

        comprehensive agreement, between the Relator and the Respondent
        which contains proposed stipulations relative to [the case], and
        includes facts, violations, mitigating and aggravating factors,
        restitution * * *, stipulated recommended sanctions, and case law
        which we believe justifies, ultimately, the recommendations in this
        case.

        {¶ 55} Bruner’s counsel agreed with this characterization of the
stipulations, telling the panel,

        [W]e’ve propounded what you have received this morning,
        stipulations that we believe would resolve the case.

                                          18
                                 January Term, 2021

               I think those stipulations are based on the state of the
       evidence, what could be proven, what the law says, and what a
       reasonable sanction would be for Mr. Bruner in this case. * * *
               * * * And I think everybody believes that this is a fair
       resolution to this matter that would negate having the presentation
       of evidence for six days, calling witnesses * * *. We believe that
       this resolution takes care of all of those issues.

       {¶ 56} The parties and the panel chair then clarified the violations to be
considered, noting that the stipulations provided for some violations not contained
in the complaint and omitted others. Relator proposed withdrawing the violations
in the complaint that the parties agreed were unsupported by the evidence and then
amending the complaint to include violations that the parties agreed to in their
stipulations. The panel chair responded, “All right. So we — we can itemize what
I think is not supported and make sure that we’re all in agreement on that.”
(Emphasis added.) After obtaining agreement from Bruner’s counsel regarding this
manner of proceeding, the panel chair remarked, “Very good.”
       {¶ 57} The panel chair then requested some testimony be presented to
support the stipulated facts, directing the following commentary to relator’s
counsel:

       [We] don’t want to be in a position of telling you how to try your
       case, but you might want to give some consideration to at least
       inquiring of Mr. Bruner as to the – – the basis and background for
       the stipulations, his agreement to them, and – – and related matters.
               If – – are you all prepared to go forward with that kind of
       evidence at this point?

                                          19
                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

(Emphasis added.)
       {¶ 58} The parties requested clarification, appearing to be uncertain about
what “that kind of evidence” might be—beyond the written stipulations and the
parties’ verbal agreement and acknowledgement. The panel chair explained:

               So, my expectation broadly would be that the parties might
       want to put, perhaps, Mr. Bruner on the witness stand to testify as
       to the circumstances that underlie the – – the charges as amended
       by agreement here and – – and authenticate the exhibits and make
       sure that we don’t have any gaps. But that’s about as far as I can go
       in telling you how to put your case on.

(Emphasis added.)     After additional clarification was sought, the panel chair
adjourned the hearing until early afternoon to afford the parties additional time to
ensure they had witnesses ready to testify in support of their stipulations.
       {¶ 59} Upon reconvening, relator called Bruner to testify regarding the
stipulation agreement. Counsel inquired whether Bruner had signed the agreement
and whether Bruner had entered the agreement voluntarily, knowingly, and with
the advice of counsel. Bruner then authenticated the exhibits attached to the
stipulations and agreed to their admission. And with little objection or clarification,
Bruner agreed to the stipulations of fact and to the rule violations set forth in the
stipulation agreement. Bruner was then asked about the aggravating factors and the
recommended sanction in the stipulation agreement, all of which he had agreed to.
       {¶ 60} At that point, it would appear that the relator had presented the
information and evidence requested by the panel chair to support the parties’
stipulation agreement. But thereafter, another panel member initiated a line of
questioning to Bruner that was unrelated to the stipulations. Bruner’s counsel
attempted to object and when finally recognized by the panel, explained that his

                                          20
                                January Term, 2021

objection was based on the questions being well outside of the stipulation
agreement and dealing with violations that both parties had intentionally omitted
from the stipulations in order to resolve the matter. Brunner’s counsel expressed
concern that the hearing was turning into a trial of the full matter, when the parties
had entered into a stipulation agreement as to how to resolve the case.
       {¶ 61} The panel chair overruled the objections, stating that “[t]he panel has
the responsibility of addressing all of the information” that comes before it and that
the panel had “not accepted the withdrawal of the charges that the Relator has not
pursued.” The panel ultimately found that Bruner had violated Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c)
in two separate client matters—both were rule violations that relator had sought to
withdraw—and recommended that Bruner be fully suspended for two years and
make restitution in certain matters.
            The procedural problems resulted in an unfair hearing
       {¶ 62} I recognize and agree with the majority that the parties’ stipulations
were not the equivalent of a consent-to-discipline agreement—the agreement was
not timely filed, it did not contain the required affidavit of the respondent, and
neither party sought leave to either file the agreement out of time or obtain an
extension of the deadline to file the agreement. See Gov.Bar R. V(16)(A). As such,
the panel was not required to give the parties’ stipulation agreement the full force
and effect due a consent-to-discipline agreement. However, once the panel chair
limited the scope of the hearing to whether there was clear and convincing evidence
to support the stipulations, the parties could not be expected to conduct a full
evidentiary hearing.
       {¶ 63} The panel chair indicated to the parties a number of times that he
wished to conduct a hearing in order to establish clear and convincing evidence to
support the stipulations and to allow the panel to accept them as a basis for the
conduct violations. The panel chair further indicated that the hearing would be
limited to the stipulated violations and confirmed that both parties agreed with

                                         21
                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

certain violations either being withdrawn from consideration or added by way of
amending the complaint. Critically, the panel did not inform the parties that it
would take the oral motion to withdraw violations under advisement; instead, the
panel proceeded to obtain an oral agreement from all parties as to the proposed
course of action for the proceeding. The panel chair reinforced proceeding on only
the violations in the stipulation agreement when he explained that testimony from
Bruner might be elicited as to “the charges as amended by agreement here.”
       {¶ 64} The parties, having jointly indicated their desire to waive the
hearing, were reasonably confused when instructed to go forward. Generally,
stipulations are admissions of fact that the panel may accept as true and do not
require further evidentiary inquiry. See Disciplinary Counsel v. Jackson, 86 Ohio
St.3d 104, 712 N.E.2d 122 (1999) (adopting the board’s recommendations based
on the parties’ stipulations and agreed waiver of hearing). And because the parties
had agreed to dispense with the hearing based on their stipulation agreement,
Bruner was not prepared to testify. It appears that Bruner did so at the panel chair’s
suggestion and only to further ensure the acceptance of the agreement. Bruner’s
counsel, at the first prospect of his client testifying, proffered Bruner’s agreement
to the stipulations and the admissibility and authenticity of the exhibits.
       {¶ 65} Bruner’s counsel were likely cognizant of Bruner’s right against
self-incrimination and were reluctant to have him testify if not necessary. See
Spevack v. Klein, 385 U.S. 511, 516, 87 S.Ct. 625, 17 L.Ed.2d 574 (1967) (likening
the threat of sanctions in a disciplinary hearing to those in a criminal matter and
holding that “[l]awyers are not excepted from the words ‘No person * * * shall be
compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself’ ”). But Bruner had
a duty to cooperate in the disciplinary process, see Prof.Cond.R. 8.1(b) and Gov.Bar
R. V(9)(G), and we should recognize that he did so, even under these tenuous
circumstances.

                                          22
                                January Term, 2021

       {¶ 66} Because the panel at first appeared to agree to the parties’
stipulation-agreement approach but then elicited testimony that went beyond the
agreement, I cannot join the majority opinion—I do not believe the hearing was a
fair process. The majority finds support for the Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(c) violation in the
Walton matter (a violation that relator had sought to withdraw before the panel) in
testimony from Bruner elicited by panel member Caruso that was outside the scope
of the stipulation agreement and over Bruner’s counsel’s objection, which was
overruled by the panel chair.        The ruling on the objection, absent other
circumstances, could be found to be legally correct. But by changing the earlier
established procedural parameters without notice, the panel denied Bruner a fair
hearing.
       {¶ 67} And while the panel could have denied relator’s withdrawal of
certain rule violations and considered evidence outside of the stipulation
agreement, see Gov.Bar R. Appendix II, Regs. 2(B) and (C), it limited the counts
that would be amended or withdrawn and narrowed the scope of the proceeding at
its outset. Thus, those general rules no longer should have applied. Bruner was
denied a fair hearing when those limitations were ignored and then used against
him.
       {¶ 68} The proper course for the panel was either to have held a full
evidentiary hearing from the outset, accepted stipulations that would have
alleviated the need for the presentation of evidence, admitted the parties’ joint
exhibits without further need for foundation or authentication, and considered the
parties’ legal analysis and overall cooperative efforts in reaching a final decision or
accepted the parties’ stipulation agreement and dispensed with the hearing. And
while the parties should not have assumed that the panel would automatically
accept their stipulation agreement and agreed waiver of hearing, they were not
amiss to act on the statements of the panel on the first day of the hearing. The
record shows that the matter was already scheduled for six days of hearing. If the

                                          23
                               SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

panel had a change of heart and wanted to hear more evidence, it could have given
the parties the remainder of the day to prepare for a full hearing and resumed the
hearing the next day.
           {¶ 69} The totality of the proceeding, and the majority’s approval of it,
creates a disincentive for parties to cooperate to resolve a disciplinary case or even
to narrow issues for a disciplinary panel, as these efforts may ultimately be used
against them. I therefore dissent from the majority opinion and would remand this
matter to the board for a full evidentiary hearing or to allow the parties additional
time to file a consent-to-discipline agreement in conformance with our rules, or I
would simply dismiss the violations found by the panel that were outside of the
parties’ stipulation agreement and impose a two-year suspension with one year
stayed and order Bruner to pay restitution, as the parties had jointly recommended.
           DEWINE, J., concurs in the foregoing opinion.
                                 _________________
           Desiree Blankenship, Bar Counsel; James Manken and James Roberts, for
relator.
           Michael J. O’Shea and Robert V. Housel, for respondent.
                                 _________________

                                          24