Court Opinion

ID: 3039256
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 23:00:22.71708+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:37:57.339212
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                         FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                 No. 04-3932
                                 ___________

Allen G. Gibson; David Hall,              *
                                         *
             Plaintiffs - Appellants,    *
                                         *
Richard St. Cloud, Sr.,                  *
                                         *
             Plaintiff,                  *
                                         *
Michael Langley,                         *
                                         * Appeal from the United States
             Plaintiff - Appellant,      * District Court for the
                                         * District of South Dakota.
       v.                                *
                                         *
Doug Weber; Darrell Slykhuis;            *
Jeff Bloomberg; Kay Paa; John            *
Degreef: Eugene Regier; Herbert          *
Saloum; James H. Shaeffer; Mike Rost; *
Healthcare Medical Technology;           *
Doneen Hollingsworth,                    *
                                         *
             Defendants - Appellees.     *
                                    ___________

                           Submitted: November 18, 2005
                              Filed: December 15, 2005
                               ___________

Before MURPHY, BOWMAN, and GRUENDER, Circuit Judges.
                         ___________

MURPHY, Circuit Judge.
       Allen Gibson, David Hall, and Michael Langley1 were all diabetic inmates in
custody of the South Dakota Department of Corrections ("DOC") when they brought
these claims against state correctional officials and outside medical personnel, alleging
deliberate indifference to their medical needs and inadequate medical facilities in
violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments and state law. The district court2
granted summary judgment in favor of all of the defendants and declined to exercise
supplemental jurisdiction over the state law claims for medical malpractice. Gibson,
Hall, and Langley appeal, arguing that they have presented sufficient evidence to
present their claims to a jury and that the court erred by dismissing the state law
claims. We affirm.

      Appellants developed infections related to their diabetes which physicians
determined made it necessary to perform amputations to portions of their lower
extremities. They amputated portions of the feet of Gibson and Langley, as well as
the bottom of Hall's left leg and a portion of his right foot. Appellants admit they
received copies of the Inmate Living Guide (Guide) when they were incarcerated.

      The Guide contains an administrative remedy provision which states as
follows:

      If you are unable to resolve a complaint through informal contacts with
      staff members, you may seek formal review of your complaint through
      the use of the Administrative Remedy for Inmates System. . . . Forms for
      filing complaints and appeals, and details on how the procedure is to be
      followed can be obtained from unit staff.

      1
        Richard St. Cloud, Sr., a fourth inmate listed as a plaintiff in the case caption,
filed a separate appeal which was docketed with the file number 05-1888; it will be
decided in a separate opinion.
      2
       The Honorable John A. Simko, United States Magistrate Judge for the District
of South Dakota.

                                           -2-
      You may use the Administrative Remedy for Inmates system while
      housed at any DOC facility, contractual agency or while at a community
      house assignment.

       Appellants concede that before bringing this action they did not complain about
their medical care through the Guide's administrative remedy provision. Gibson and
Langley stated in affidavits that this was because "it was always made clear . . . by
healthcare and DOC personnel that any healthcare complaints were to be made
informally to the Sioux Valley doctors, nurses, and P.A.'s and not to the prison
administration under its grievance procedures." Hall stated in his affidavit that
"throughout the years of [his] contact with health care people [he] followed the
Inmates Living Guide and made [his] complaints informally to the health care staff.
No one ever told [him] to do it differently until this case was filed."

       In their complaint appellants sued eleven separate defendants. They alleged
that the defendant medical personnel and state officials were deliberately indifferent
to their medical needs and had denied them their due process rights by failing to
provide adequate medical facilities and care. They also alleged a medical malpractice
claim based on state law. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of the
defendants, finding that the Inmate Living Guide provided an administrative grievance
procedure for inmate complaints relating to the adequacy of medical care and that the
appellants failed to exhaust administrative procedures available to them. It also
granted summary judgment in favor of Gibson's parole officer, John DeGreef, finding
that there were not facts sufficient to support a claim for deliberate indifference to
Gibson's medical needs and that DeGreef was entitled to qualified immunity. Having
no remaining federal grounds for retaining jurisdiction, the court dismissed their state
law claims.

      Gibson, Hall, and Langley appeal, arguing that there is a genuine issue of
material fact as to whether the Guide's administrative grievance procedure was
available to them and that the court erred by dismissing the state law claims even if

                                          -3-
it properly dismissed the federal claims. The defendants respond that the appellants
had no excuse for failing to follow the Guide's procedures and that the decision to
dismiss the state law claims is vested solely in the district court's discretion. We
review the district court's grant of summary judgment de novo. Lund v. Hennepin Cty,
427 F.3d 1123, 1125 (8th Cir. 2005). Summary judgment is proper if there is no
genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter
of law. Id.

       The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1996 ("PLRA"), codified in 42 U.S.C. §
1997e(a), requires immediate dismissal of all claims brought by inmates with respect
to prison conditions by inmates under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 or any other federal law until
"such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted." 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a).
Appellants do not now argue that the Guide's grievance procedures were not
applicable to medical claims. They argue instead that the Guide's procedures were not
available because unnamed prison and healthcare personnel had "made it clear" to
them that they should voice all complaints regarding medical care informally to
medical personnel. They also contend that they had had prior success informally
airing grievances directly to medical personnel and that they had had a reasonable
belief that grievances concerning medical care should be informally directed to the
medical providers and not the warden.

       We have only excused inmates from complying with an institution's grievance
procedures when officials have prevented prisoners from utilizing the procedures, see
Miller v. Norris, 247 F.3d 736 (8th Cir. 2001), or when officials themselves have
failed to comply with the grievance procedures. See Foulk v. Charrier, 262 F.3d 687
(2001). An inmate's subjective belief that the procedures were not applicable to
medical grievances "does not matter" and is not determinative. Lyon v. Vande Krol,
305 F.3d 806, 809 (8th Cir. 2002).

                                         -4-
        Appellants have presented no evidence that any prison official thwarted an
attempt to initiate the procedures or that any official made it impossible for them to
file grievances. See Chelette v. Harris, 229 F.3d 684, 688 (8th Cir. 2000). Moreover,
the Guide explained the applicable grievance procedure and its application to all
aspects of inmate life, and appellants admit they received a copy of it. The district
court did not err by granting summary judgment in favor of the defendants.3

       Appellants also argue that the district court erred by declining to exercise
jurisdiction over the remaining state law claims after dismissing all of their federal
claims. They argue that we should reverse because the court failed to enumerate any
reason for declining jurisdiction and because the interests of judicial economy,
convenience, and fairness weigh in favor of maintaining supplemental jurisdiction
over their state law claims. They argue that dismissal of their state claims was
exceptionally unfair because the statute of limitations bars them from refiling in state
court.

      Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c)(3), a court may "decline to exercise
supplemental jurisdiction over a claim . . . [if] the district court has dismissed all
claims over which it has original jurisdiction." Congress unambiguously gave district
courts discretion in 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c) to dismiss supplemental state law claims
when all federal claims have been dismissed. The district court did not err by
dismissing the state law claims. See Labickas v. Arkansas State University, 78 F.3d
333, 334 (8th Cir. 1996); McLaurin v. F.C. Prater, Co-1, 30 F.3d 982, 985 (8th Cir.
1994).

      For these reasons the judgment of the district court is affirmed.
                      ______________________________

      3
        Because we conclude appellants failed to exhaust available administrative
remedies, it is unnecessary to determine which of the eleven defendants were state
actors. See, e.g., Lacy v. City of Bolivar, 416 F.3d 723 n.3 (8th Cir. 2005).
                                          -5-