Court Opinion

ID: 4634737
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-21 03:16:39.442285+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:58:15.934989
License: Public Domain

George N. Meissner, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent.  Mae M. Whitaker, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent.  George B. Rodgers and Bertha M. Rodgers, Petitioners, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, RespondentMeissner v. CommissionerDocket Nos. 8451, 8452, 8490United States Tax Court8 T.C. 780; 1947 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 236; April 3, 1947, Promulgated *236 Decisions will be entered under Rule 50.  Where a trust, all the net income of which is currently distributable, receives both taxable and exempt income and incurs expense, a portion of which is disallowed under section 24 (a) (5) of the Internal Revenue Code as being allocable to the exempt income, held, that in determining the net amount of taxable income which the beneficiaries receive and on which they are taxable, only that expense which is allowed as a deduction to the trust should be deducted from the gross taxable income, and the remaining disallowed expense must be charged to the gross exempt income.  Chase Morsey, Esq., for the petitioners.Richard A. Jennings, Esq., for the respondent.  Arundell, Judge.  ARUNDELL*781  In these cases, duly consolidated for hearing and disposition, respondent has determined the following income tax deficiencies for the calendar year 1943:George N. Meissner$ 785.29Mae M. Whitaker1,385.94George B. Rodgers and Bertha M. Rodgers362.45The year 1942 is also involved in the computations, pursuant to the Current Tax Payment Act of 1943.Certain of the adjustments in each of the cases have been disposed of by either stipulation, amended pleadings, or abandonment.  The remaining issue common to all three cases has to do with the determination of the proper amounts of distributable income of a trust on which the petitioners are taxable as beneficiaries.The cases were submitted on a stipulation of facts, with attached exhibits.FINDINGS OF FACT.Petitioners, during the taxable years in question, were residents of St. Louis, Missouri, and their income tax returns were filed with the collector for the first district of Missouri on the cash receipts and disbursements basis.  George B. *238  Rodgers and Bertha M. Rodgers filed joint returns.Petitioners George N. Meissner, Mae Whitaker, and Bertha M. Rodgers are three of the five primary beneficiaries of a testamentary trust provided for in article eight of the will of their sister, Ida I. McKinney, deceased.  George N. Meissner is the trustee, and he filed fiduciary returns on an accrual basis for the fiscal years of the trust ended April 30, 1942, and April 30, 1943.Article eighth of the decedent's will provided, in part, as follows:Said Trustee shall pay and deduct from the income, rents and profits collected and received by him from said estate all of the expenses, taxes, interest, charges, costs, attorneys' or accountants' fees, if any, and other disbursements, including the expense of a suitable office and of a competent secretary or accountant, and a reasonable compensation to himself for his services, which last item may be five per cent (5%) of the disbursements, both principal and income, and all other proper charges against said estate and the income therefrom, whether or not specifically referred to above, that shall have been incurred or expended by him in handling, managing and preserving said estate and*239  in collecting the income therefrom.Said George N. Meissner, as such Trustee, shall from time to time apply, distribute and pay over the net income received by him from said residuary trust estate, in monthly or other convenient periodical installments to [the beneficiaries] * * *.In the taxable years the trust received both taxable income from dividends and tax exempt income from municipal bonds.  Respondent determined that the trust sustained certain expenses, including trustees' *782  fees, in the amount of $ 6,629.26 for the fiscal year ended April 30, 1942, and $ 5,504.98 for the fiscal year ended April 30, 1943, and made the following allocation of such expenses as between exempt and taxable income in the ratio of the former to the latter:Allocated toAllocated toexempttaxableincome andincome anddisallowed as aallowed as adeductiondeductionFiscal year ended Apr. 30, 1942$ 2,193.36$ 4,435.90Fiscal year ended Apr. 30, 19431,473.034,031.95Respondent, in the determination of the amounts of taxable trust income that were taxable to the five beneficiaries for the years 1942 and 1943, deducted from the amounts of taxable income of the*240  trust for those years the amounts of $ 4,435.90 and $ 4,031.95, respectively.  Petitioners contend that he should have deducted the amounts of $ 6,629.26 and $ 5,504.98, respectively.OPINION.The Ida I. McKinney trust in the taxable years received both taxable and exempt income, and it incurred certain expenses in the management of the properties.  All of the net income of the trust was currently distributable to the five beneficiaries. Respondent, acting under section 24 (a) (5) of the Internal Revenue Code, 1 as amended by the Revenue Act of 1942, disallowed as a deduction by the trust that portion of the expenses allocable to the exempt income.  Petitioners do not contend that his action in that respect was erroneous; but they do contend, in substance, that in determining the amounts of taxable income currently distributable to the beneficiaries, all the expenses of the trust should be charged against the taxable trust income.*241  Since the stipulated facts are rather meager, the real issue between the parties can perhaps best be made understandable by the use of an illustration to which the respective parties have resorted in their briefs.  For example, assume that a trust, all the net income of which is currently distributable, receives a gross income of $ 100,000, $ 10,000 *783  of which is taxable and $ 90,000 of which is exempt. The trust incurs $ 5,000 expenses.  Under section 24 (a) (5) of the code, the trust will be allowed as a deduction only $ 500 of the expenses and will have a net taxable income of $ 9,500 before deduction under section 162 (b) for amounts currently distributable to the beneficiaries. The remaining $ 4,500 of expenses is disallowed as a deduction by the trust because allocable to the exempt income.In the illustration given, according to the contention of the petitioners the beneficiaries of the trust would receive $ 90,000 exempt income and $ 5,000 taxable income, whereas according to the contention of respondent they would receive $ 9,500 taxable income and only $ 85,500 exempt income.The petitioners' position is based on the premise that all the expenses are chargeable*242  to the gross taxable income of the trust, with the result that they receive only the net amount of $ 5,000 taxable income and that the $ 90,000 gross exempt income of the trust comes intact into the hands of the beneficiaries without reduction on account of any expenses.  We think this premise is fallacious, and thus falls the petitioners' case.There is no reason in law or in fact to support a conclusion that the gross exempt income of the trust passes into the hands of the beneficiaries without reduction for any expenses.  Under the law as it has stood since the beginning of the taxable years here involved, expenses which are allocable to exempt income are disallowed as deductions for income tax purposes.  The only rational conclusion is that these expenses, disallowed because allocable to exempt income, are chargeable thereto and serve to reduce the amount of such income which the beneficiaries ultimately receive.  Thus, in the illustration given, the beneficiaries receive, not the gross amount of $ 90,000 exempt income, but $ 90,000 less $ 4,500 expenses, or a net amount of $ 85,500 exempt income.  Likewise, they receive, not $ 5,000 taxable income, but $ 10,000 minus $ 500, or*243  $ 9,500 net taxable income; and the trust is allowed a deduction under section 162 (b) for the $ 9,500 taxable income currently distributed to the beneficiaries, leaving it with no taxable net income.For the reasons stated, we hold that the respondent, in determining the amounts of trust income taxable to the beneficiaries for the years 1942 and 1943, properly deducted from the amounts of taxable income of the trust the amounts of $ 4,435.90 and $ 4,031.95, respectively.While the parties have not cited or discussed them, we think it well to point out that our conclusion herein is not in conflict with such decisions as John H. Watson, Jr., et al., Trustees, 35 B. T. A. 706; J. Cornelius Rathborne, 37 B. T. A. 607; and Estate of Richard E. Traiser, 41 B. T. A. 228, all of which were decided under revenue *784  acts containing no provision like that in section 24 (a) (5) of the code disallowing expenses allocable to exempt income and interest.Decisions will be entered under Rule 50.  Footnotes1. SEC. 24. ITEMS NOT DEDUCTIBLE.(a) General Rule.  -- In computing net income no deduction shall in any case be allowed in respect of --* * * *(5) Any amount otherwise allowable as a deduction which is allocable to one or more classes of income other than interest (whether or not any amount of income of that class or classes is received or accrued) wholly exempt from the taxes imposed by this chapter, or any amount otherwise allowable under section 23 (a) (2) which is allocable to interest (whether or not any amount of such interest is received or accrued) wholly exempt from the taxes imposed by this chapter;* * * *↩