Court Opinion

ID: 2829862
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-08-21 23:08:50.463382+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:31:36.988030
License: Public Domain

J.A21002/15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

JUSTIN BADA AND KIMBERLY BADA, H/W :              IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                   :                   PENNSYLVANIA
                   Appellants      :
                                   :
               v.                  :
                                   :
COMCAST CORPORATION                :
                                   :
                                   :
JUSTIN BADA AND KIMBERLY BADA, H/W:
                                   :
                   Appellants      :
               v.                  :
                                   :
COMCAST CC OF WILLOW GROVE AND :                  No. 2479 EDA 2014
COMCAST OF SOUTH JERSEY, LLC       :
                                   :

                  Appeal from the Order Entered July 17, 2014
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
               Civil Division No(s).: January Term, 2013 No. 2242
                                      March Term, 2013 No. 1031

BEFORE: ALLEN, MUNDY, and FITZGERALD,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY FITZGERALD, J.:                       FILED AUGUST 21, 2015

        Appellants, Justin Bada and Kimberly Bada, husband and wife, appeal

from the order of the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas granting

summary judgment in favor of Appellees, Comcast CC of Willow Grove and

*
    Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J.A21002/15

Comcast of South Jersey, LLC in these consolidated cases.1            Appellants

contend the trial court erred in granting summary judgment based upon the

exclusivity rule of the New Jersey Worker’ Compensation Act 2 (“Act”). We

affirm.

        We adopt the facts and procedural history as set forth by the trial

court in its opinion. See Trial Ct. Op., 1/22/15, at 3-6. On July 17, 2014,

the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Appellees.3 Appellant

Justin Bada’s negligence claim against his employer and his wife’s loss of

1
  The trial court consolidated these cases. See Order, 5/2/13. Comcast
Corporation was dismissed by agreement of the parties. See Stipulation of
Dismissal of Comcast Corp., 8/28/13.
2
    N.J. Stat. Ann § 34:15-8.
3
   Following oral argument on Appellees’ motion for reconsideration of the
trial court’s denial of the motion for summary judgment, summary judgment
was granted. The trial court opined:

              This [c]ourt denied [Appellees’] motion . . . based upon
           this [c]ourt’s analysis and determination of a substantial
           question of fact existing as to who was, in fact,
           [Appellant’s] employer at the time of this incident.

                                *    *    *

               Now, in reviewing this motion for reconsideration and
           the response thereto, it is clear that [Appellant Bada], did,
           in fact, admit, for purposes of this motion, that the moving
           [Appellees] w[ere], in fact, his employer[s] at the time of
           this accident.

N.T., 7/17/2014, at 11, 12.

                                         -2-
J.A21002/15

consortium claim were barred by the Act.          This timely appeal followed.4

Appellants filed a timely court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors

complained of on appeal and the trial court filed a responsive opinion.

        Appellants raise the following issue5 for our review:

              Whether the Lower Court erred when it granted
           Comcast’s Motion for Summary Judgment based on the
           exclusivity rule of the New Jersey Workers’ Compensation
           Act[6] since, when the evidence is viewed in the light most
           favorable to . . . Appellants, the present case falls squarely
           within the “intentional wrong” exception to that rule?

Appellants’ Brief at 6.

        Appellants argue that the exclusivity provision of the Act is inapplicable

in the instant case based upon “an exception to that rule for injuries that

result from ‘intentional wrongs’ on the part of the employer.”         Id. at 11.

This determination is based upon a two part test, viz., a conduct prong and

and a context prong.      Id. at 15, 16, 19.    In order to satisfy the conduct

prong, Appellants contend a jury must resolve the issue of whether there

was “an objectively reasonable basis for expecting that [the accident] almost

certainly would occur.”     Id. at 17 (citing Van Dunk v. Reckson Assocs.

4
 We note that Appellees filed an application to quash the appeal which was
denied by this Court. See Order, 3/23/15.
5
  Appellants raised additional issues in their Rule 1925(b) statement which
are not addressed in their brief. Therefore, they are abandoned on appeal.
See Eiser v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 938 A.2d 417, 429
(Pa. 2007) (plurality).
6
    See N.J.Stat.Ann. § 34:15–8.

                                       -3-
J.A21002/15

Realty Corp., 45 A.3d 965, 978 (N.J. 2012)). Appellants aver the facts of

the case “could certainly lead a jury to conclude that Mr. Bada’s supervisor

knew it was a ‘virtual certainty’ that using a ladder that evening could cause

someone to be injured.” Id. at 19.

      Appellants argue “[o]nce the conduct prong is satisfied, the next phase

of the inquiry calls for the [c]ourt to determine whether the employer’s

actions ‘constitute a simple fact of industrial life or are outside the purview

of the conditions the [New Jersey] Legislature could have intended to

immunize under the Workers’ Compensation bar.” Id. at 19 (citing Laidlow

v. Hariton Mach. Co., 790 A.2d 884, 898 (N.J. 2002)). They conclude this

prong was satisfied based upon the facts of this case because “there can be

no question that Mr. Bada’s supervisor and the senior field technician knew

that the ladder was going to topple.” Id. at 20.

      Our review is governed by the following principles:

            The standards which govern summary judgment are
         well settled. When a party seeks summary judgment, a
         court shall enter judgment whenever there is no genuine
         issue of any material fact as to a necessary element of the
         cause of action or defense that could be established by
         additional discovery. A motion for summary judgment is
         based on an evidentiary record that entitles the moving
         party to a judgment as a matter of law. In considering the
         merits of a motion for summary judgment, a court views
         the record in the light most favorable to the non-moving
         party, and all doubts as to the existence of a genuine issue
         of material fact must be resolved against the moving
         party. Finally, the court may grant summary judgment
         only when the right to such a judgment is clear and free
         from doubt. An appellate court may reverse the granting

                                     -4-
J.A21002/15

         of a motion for summary judgment if there has been an
         error of law or an abuse of discretion. . . .

Varner-Mort v. Kapfhammer, 109 A.3d 244, 246-47 (Pa. Super. 2015)

(citation omitted).

      The Act provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

         Election surrender of other remedies

         Such agreement shall be a surrender by the parties thereto
         of their rights to any other method, form or amount of
         compensation or determination thereof than as provided in
         this article and an acceptance of all the provisions of this
         article, and shall bind the employee and for compensation
         for the employee’s death shall bind the employee’s
         personal representatives, surviving spouse and next of kin,
         as well as the employer, and those conducting the
         employer's business during bankruptcy or insolvency.

         If an injury or death is compensable under this article, a
         person shall not be liable to anyone at common law or
         otherwise on account of such injury or death for any act or
         omission occurring while such person was in the same
         employ as the person injured or killed, except for
         intentional wrong.

N.J. Stat. Ann. § 34:15-8 (emphasis added).        The New Jersey Supreme

Court opined:

         The Act’s remedy is exclusive, except for injuries that
         result from an employer’s “intentional wrong”; for those,
         an injured employee is permitted to maintain a common-
         law tort action against the employer. . . . As the case law
         demonstrates, an employer’s deliberate intent to injure is
         not the sine qua non; instead a substantial certainty
         that     injury  or    death   will    result   must     be
         demonstrated.

                                  *    *    *

                                      -5-
J.A21002/15

        Millison [v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 501 A.2d
        505 (N.J. 1985)] instructed courts, when assessing claims
        of intentional wrong, to engage in a two-step analysis.
        First, a court considers the “conduct prong,” examining the
        employer’s conduct in the setting of the particular case.
        Second, a court analyzes the “context prong,” considering
        whether “the resulting injury or disease, and the
        circumstances in which it is inflicted on the worker, [may]
        fairly be viewed as a fact of life of industrial employment,”
        or whether it is “plainly beyond anything the legislature
        could have contemplated as entitling the employee to
        recover only under the [ ] Act.”

Van Dunk, 45 A.3d at 966, 972 (some emphases added and some citations

omitted).

            In general, the same facts and circumstances will be
        relevant to both prongs of Millison.         However, as a
        practical matter, when an employee sues an employer for
        an intentional tort and the employer moves for summary
        judgment based on the Workers’ Compensation bar, the
        trial court must make two separate inquiries. The first is
        whether, when viewed in a light most favorable to the
        employee, the evidence could lead a jury to conclude that
        the employer acted with knowledge that it was
        substantially certain that a worker would suffer injury. If
        that question is answered affirmatively, the trial court
        must then determine whether, if the employee’s
        allegations are proved, they constitute a simple fact of
        industrial life or are outside the purview of the conditions
        the Legislature could have intended to immunize under the
        Workers’ Compensation bar.          Resolving whether the
        context prong of Millison is met is solely a judicial
        function.     Thus, if the substantial certainty standard
        presents a jury question and if the court concludes that the
        employee’s allegations, if proved, would meet the context
        prong, the employer’s motion for summary judgment
        should be denied; if not, it should be granted.

Laidlow, 790 A.2d at 898.

     The facts in Van Dunk are as follows:

                                    -6-
J.A21002/15

               On August 10, 2004, at the Giralda Farms construction
           site, James[7] was excavating a trench to relocate a
           dewatering sump in a retention pond. Prior to that date,
           the project had been plagued by thunderstorms and heavy
           rain that had required work to be redone, without
           additional compensation to James. Rain was expected
           again later that day; as a result, [J.D.] Potash[8] and
           [Glenn] Key[9] sought to complete the sump relocation
           before the rain arrived. The sump relocation involved the
           following steps: digging a sloped trench; laying down first
           a filter fabric and then a layer of stone; placing a pipe on
           the stone; placing more stone on the sides and top of the
           pipe; and then wrapping additional filter fabric around the
           stone. As the trench excavation continued and its slope
           reached a depth of greater than five feet, Van Dunk and
           other workers began laying down the filter fabric from
           locations outside the trench. Eventually, the deepest
           part of the trench reached a depth of eighteen to
           twenty feet.

              OSHA[10] safety regulations mandate that workers
           cannot enter a trench that is deeper than five feet if
           protective systems are not in place. A protective system is
           defined as “a method of protecting employees from cave-
           ins, from material that could fall or roll from an excavation
           face or into an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent
           structures.” James’s Safety Program similarly requires use
           of protective systems to guard against cave-ins. Proper
           sloping and use of trench boxes are common protective
           systems, but for various reasons, Key determined that
           OSHA-compliant sloping could not be utilized at the
           trench’s location, and a trench box was not employed.

7
 James Construction Company, Inc. (“James”) was Van Dunk’s employer.
Van Dunk, 45 A.3d at 967.
8
    Potash was James’ president. Id.
9
    Key was the project superintendent.
10
     Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

                                       -7-
J.A21002/15

            Key and his workers experienced difficulty when laying
         down the filter fabric from their locations outside the
         trench. Despite their efforts, the fabric would not lay flat.
         It became tangled and a crease developed. Van Dunk
         volunteered to go into the trench to straighten the filter
         fabric, but Key told him not to do so because of the
         possible risks attributable to the ground conditions.
         However, as problems persisted with laying the filter
         fabric, in what Key later described as a moment of
         “frustration” he told Van Dunk to go in and straighten
         the fabric. Van Dunk went into the trench, walked to the
         deeper end, and began adjusting the fabric. He was in the
         trench for less than five minutes when a loud noise was
         heard and a trench wall caved in, burying Van Dunk to his
         chest. He sustained multiple serious injuries. He was
         rescued by coworkers who immediately responded to help
         him, some of whom jumped in to dig him out, and by
         police and emergency personnel.

Id. at 967-68 (citations and footnotes omitted and emphases added).

      The Van Dunk Court declined to find an intentional wrong and opined:

            The existence of an uncontested finding of an OSHA
         safety violation in the wake of this workplace injury does
         not establish the virtual certainty that Millison demands.
         An intentional wrong must amount to a virtual certainty
         that bodily injury or death will result. A probability, or
         knowledge that such injury or death “could” result, is
         insufficient. Thus, the question here is whether in light of
         the clear violation of the OSHA safety requirements
         pertaining to trenches deeper than five feet, there was
         substantial certainty of injury or death. On the facts
         presented, we cannot reach that conclusion without
         causing a substantial erosion of the legislative preference
         for the workers’ compensation remedy.

Id. at 978 (citation omitted and emphasis added). In Van Dunk, the New

Jersey Supreme Court opined: “No doubt, the circumstances in this matter

are tragic. Although the proofs plaintiff advances could support a finding of

gross negligence, that finding is insufficient to circumvent the statutory bar

                                     -8-
J.A21002/15

and maintain an action against plaintiff’s employer.” Van Dunk, 45 A.3d at

967.

       Instantly, the trial court opined:

             [Appellant] worked outdoors and that would include
          working in inclement weather as a regular part of his job.
          He was not ordered by his supervisor, John Gonzalez, to
          climb the ladder. Mr. Gonzalez, in fact, sent a more
          experienced colleague, Chris Aten, to assist [Appellant] at
          the location. He was injured when it was determined that
          climbing the ladder under these conditions would not be
          safe. [Appellant] admitted he never climbed the ladder
          and had been requested by Mr. Aten “to brace the side of
          the ladder while he unhooked it and lowered the extension
          ladder.”

             [Appellant] was never forced to climb the ladder
          or engage in any activity where serious injury or
          death was substantially certain. Based upon the facts,
          it can be reasonably concluded that [Appellant’s] injury
          occurred solely within the course and scope of his
          employment and within the bounds of industrial life. As a
          result, his claim falls squarely within the confines and
          remedies available to him as an incident contemplated by
          the legislature under the [Act]. In light of this, [Appellees]
          are entitled judgment in their favor.

Trial Ct. Op. at 11 (citations to record omitted and emphasis added). We

agree no relief is due.11

       Appellant testified via videotape deposition regarding the weather on

the date of the incident. “In the morning, it was overcast, and I think it was

11
   We note that Appellant Kimberly Bada’s derivative loss of consortium
claim is barred due to the applicability of the Act. See Cominsky v.
Donovan, 846 A.2d 1256, 1260 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citing Scattaregia v.
Shin Shen Wu, 495 A.2d 552 (Pa. Super. 1985) (holding “loss of
consortium claim is dependent upon the injured spouse’s right to recover”)).

                                       -9-
J.A21002/15

possibly drizzling, with some wind. But as the day got later, the wind and

the rain got severely worse.”    N.T., 3/11/14, at 114.       When asked if he

complained to his employer about having to work in inclement weather, he

stated “it’s the nature of the job and we understand that there’s going to be

rainy days” and it is also part of the nature of the job that there may be

wind. Id. at 119.

      He testified that Appellees never disengaged any safety mechanisms

on any equipment that he had during his employment. Id. at 165. Based

upon the weather and location of the pole he had to work on, Appellant

called his supervisor because he “didn’t feel safe . . . .”    Id. at 173, 176.

John Gonzalez, the supervisor, told Appellant that he would call Chris Aten.12

Id. at 177. Gonzalez said to get back to him after Chris arrived. Id. at 180.

      Appellant explained what transpired after Mr. Aten arrived:

            He said stand next to him. He told me he was going to
         put up the ladder and he’d see what happened.

            He put up the ladder. And almost as immediately as
         the hooks went over the strand, another big wind gust
         came in and the ladder was buckling in the center, like,
         where the extension piece is, I guess where the extension
         piece crosses over the lower part of the extension ladder.

           And he said something along the lines of, Oh, no.
         This─we can’t do this. This─ain’t safe.

                                 *     *      *

12
  Mr. Aten “was a co-worker of [his] from Comcast, a fellow technician.”
Id. at 156.

                                     - 10 -
J.A21002/15

            And then he asked me to brace the side of the ladder
        while he unhooked it and lowered the extension ladder.
        And at that point, I was to his left. And I braced my hands
        against the side of the ladder like such, where I─because
        it’s an extension ladder, I could not close my thumbs on it,
        as we were taught, because you can get your thumbs
        caught in there (indicating). So, as a safety practice, I put
        my hands flat against it just to kind of brace against the
        incoming wind.

           And that was the assistance he asked of me. And I
        thought, you know, he probably needed that, because at
        that point, once he unhooked it again, that ladder could
        blow over. And his truck was facing that way too. Who
        knows? It could have hit the truck, broke the windshield
        or something. So, I though, you know, this is something
        where I need to held him.

           At that point, that’s when he─almost as         soon as he
        unhooked the ladder, the wind blew. And the        next thing I
        know, I’m being pushed over, the ladder falls      on me, and
        I’m laying on my side, half in a puddle, half on   the ground.

Id. at 199, 200-01. His deposition testimony continued:

        [Counsel for Appellees:] Other than the fact that you
        thought it was too─that the conditions were unsafe to do
        the job. So, other than that, was there anything about the
        way that Chris was trying to get the ladder up that you
        thought was not the proper methodology for getting a
        ladder up over a strand?

        A: No. Other than the conditions, he’s─always been pretty
        good with the ladder. I mean, as I said previously, that’s
        why they called him Ninja.

                                *     *      *

        Q: From what you could tell, as soon as Mr. Aten
        determined that it was unsafe, did he try to stop
        proceeding with the job?

        A: Yes.

                                    - 11 -
J.A21002/15

       Q: And then describe for me that exact moment. So he’s
       decided it’s unsafe.

          Then what happened?

       A: That’s when he has to lower the ladder.

       Q: So, what did he do?

       A: That’s when he asked me to brace the side of the ladder
       while he unhooked it from the strand and lowered the
       extension part.

                                *     *      *

       Q: And he unhooked it from the strand?

       A: Yes.

       Q: While you were bracing it?

       A: Yes.

       Q: And then what happened?

       A: That’s when it was blown over by the wind and I got hit
       by it. And I was─you know, the next thing I know, I’m on
       the ground and the ladder’s on the ground and─you know.

                                *     *      *

       Q: And did you go to a doctor that day?

       A: I believe─yeah. I believe I went to a couple of places
       that day. I believe they sent me to Dr. Glenn’s office, who
       checked me out and then sent me for an x-ray. And I
       think I─I even probably─I think I took a urinalysis or
       something at that point, too.

       Q: When you said “they sent me,” who’s “they”?

       A: The supervisor who I had told.

       Q: And who’s Dr. Glenn?

                                    - 12 -
J.A21002/15

       A: That was the─I guess the head practitioner of the
       doctor’s office that I was sent to. I believe the doctor I
       first saw was Dr. Bozik, if that’s how you pronounce it.

                                *      *      *

       Q: . . . What injuries do you attribute to the incident?

                                *      *      *

       A: . . . To the best of my knowledge, my anterior cruciate
       ligament was torn in my left knee. There was damage to
       my meniscus.

       Q: In your left knee?

       A: In my left knee as well.

          I had pain in my right knee. Through different x-rays
       and whatnot, there was determined to never be─to not be
       any─anything significant to require any type of major
       treatment.

          To this day, the pain comes back right─like, here and
       there, but not─not anything significant.

          I had a forearm contusion, which basically that─went
       away about a week after. It was just kind of, like, a bruise
       and─then I have two─how did the doctors put it? I think
       they call it bulging disks in my lower spine. . . .

          I’m not sure of the back terminology as much. But
       there were two─two disks in my lower back that were also
       bulging and I’ve had pain. I’ve had times where I’ve had
       numbness that’s shot down my right leg.

          I currently have pain within and throughout my left
       knee. I have numbness on the bottom front of my left
       knee. You know, a radiating back pain, which also kind of
       goes hand in hand with that numbness that I sometimes
       feel in my right leg.

                                     - 13 -
J.A21002/15

           Q: Are there any other injuries that you attribute to the
           incident?

           A: As far as I know, no.

Id. at 209, 213, 214, 237, 242-43.

      The Van Dunk court found that although the circumstances in that

case were tragic, they were not sufficient to circumvent the statutory bar of

the Act. See Van Dunk, 45 A.3d at 967. Instantly, Appellants have not

demonstrated that Appellees’ conduct constituted an intentional wrong

creating a substantial certainty that injury or death would result. See id.;

Laidlow, 790 A.2d at 898.        Therefore, we find the facts in the case sub

judice were insufficient to satisfy the exception to the exclusivity provision of

the Act.    See Van Dunk, 45 A.3d at 966, 972.         We discern no abuse of

discretion by the trial court in granting Appellees’ motion for summary

judgment. See Kapfhammer, 109 A.3d at 246-47.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 8/21/2015

                                      - 14 -
                                                                                Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

           IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF PHILADELPHIA COUNTY
                   FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
                              CIVIL TRIAL DIVISION

 JUSTIN BADA AND KIMBERLY BADA                       JANUARY TERM, 2013                     flECEIVED
                 v.                                                                        JAN 21 2015
                                                                                              J.EVERS
 COMCAST CORPORATION, et al                          NO. 2242                              DAY FORWARD

 JUSTIN BADA AND KIMERBL Y BADA                      MARCH TERM, 2013

                 v.

 COMCAST CC OF WILLOW GROVE                         NO. 1031

                                                     SUPERJOR COURT APPEAL

                                                    NO.: 2479 EDA 2014

                              OPINION OF THE TRIAL COURT

        This is the appeal of Plaintiffs, Justin Bada and Kimberly Bada, husband and wife, from

this Court's Order granting summary judgment in favor of the defendants. Summary judgment

was initially denied by this Court on June 5, 2014, however, due to an error of fact made by this

Court, a fact which was pertinent to the determination to initially deny the defendants' motion,

reconsideration was subsequently granted at the defendants' request.

        On July 17, 2014, after oral argument on the reconsideration motion, this Court vacated

its June 5, 2014 Order and entered summary judgment in favor of defendants, thereby

terminating the litigation.

                                                                   \\l\\l\11111111 II 11111111 Ill \II
                                                                            13030103100043
                                               1
                                                                             Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

      On appeal, the Plaintiffs have raised the following issues:

 l.     The Court erred in granting Defendants' Motion for Reconsideration of June
        5, 2014 Order Denying Motion for Summary Judgment, and vacating the
        Court's Order of June 5, 2014 and entering summary judgment in favor of
        Defendants (hereinafter collectively referred to as "granting Defendants'
        Motion for Summary Judgment") where there was (1) no clear error of law
        or fact resulting in manifest injustice; (2) no newly discovered evidence that
        was not available when the Court denied the motion; and (3) no intervening
        change in controlling law. See Harsco C01p. v. Zlotnickt, 779 F.2d 906, 909
        (3d Cir. 1985); Max's Seafood Cafe, by Lou Ann, Inc. v. Quinteros, 176 F.3d
        669, 677 (3d Cir. 1999).

 2.     The Court erred in granting Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment
        where Plaintiffs' claims fall squarely within the " intentional tort" exception
        to the New Jersey Workers' Compensation Act ("WCA") because the
        totality of the facts of this case indicate that (1) a jury could reasonably
        conclude that Defendants acted with knowledge that Plaintiff Justin Eada's
        injury was substantially certain to occur, and (2) it may be determined, as a
        matter of law, that Defendants' actions were plainly beyond anything the
        legislature could have contemplated as entitling the employee to recover
        only under the New Jersey WCA.

3.      The Court erred by applying the wrong test to the facts of this case and
        stating that New Jersey law requires that plaintiff prove "actual intent or
        subjective desire to injure" in order to recover for intentional wrong
        pursuant to an exception to the Workers' Compensation bar, when in fact
        New Jersey law requires only "substantial certainty" that injury will occur,
        and not "actual intent" or "subjective desire" to injure. Hearing Transcript
        dated July 17, 2014 at 16: 10-15. See Laidlaw v. Hariton Machinery Co.,
        Inc., 170 N.J. 602,613,790 A.2d 884, 891 (2002); Millison v. E.l. du Ponte
        de Neumours & Co., 101 NJ, 16 l, 178-79,501 A.2d 505 (1985).

4.     The Court erred in granting Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment
       pursuant to Rule 1035.3 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure, as
       well as supporting Pennsylvania case law, where Defendants have
       improperly supported their motion for summary judgment solely with
       deposition testimony, thereby raising a genuine issue of material fact
       because the cause of action is dependent upon the credibility of the
       witnesses who will testify at trial, especially that of Plaintiff Bada's
       supervisor, John Gonzalez, who issued Plaintiff Bada's orders on the day of
       the incident.

5.     The Court erred in granting Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment
       where Plaintiff Kimberly Bada's claims are derivative of Plaintiff Justin
       Bada's claims, and for the reasons set forth above, the Court erred in

                                               2
                                                                                Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

           granting Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment as to Plaintiff Justin
           Bada's claims.

        For the reasons set forth herein, the issues raised by Plaintiffs are not supported either in

fact or in law, and summary judgment was properly entered in Defendants' favor.

        Plaintiffs claim that on March 10, 2011, Justin Bada, an employee of Comcast of South

Jersey, LLC, was injured while working. Mr. Bada, and his wife, Kimberly Bada, are residents

of New Jersey. Although they are still married, they have been separated for nearly two years.

        At the time of the incident, Mr. Eada's title with Comcast was Communication Tech 3, a

field technician, based out of Comcast's Vineland, New Jersey office. Mr. Bada performed field

work throughout parts of southern New Jersey. As of March 20 l 0, Bada had been a field

technician for a little more than a year.

       Mr. Bada 's employer, Comcast of South Jersey, LLC, is a legal entity holding a franchise

license to provide cable services in Monroe Township, New Jersey, the location of Bada's

accident which occurred on March 10, 2011.

       Comcast Cable Communications Management is a Delaware entity with an address

located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, This company provides payroll reporting services for the

various Comcast corporate entities, including Comcast of South Jersey, LLC. It does business

under the fictitious name "Comcast of Willow Grove". In this capacity, and pursuant to of the

Internal Revenue Code, Comcast Cable Communications Management was identified as the

"wage payor agent" of Comcast of South Jersey, LLC, and Comcast of Willow Grove was listed

on the Plaintiffs W-2 as his employer.

       At the time of the incident giving rise to this litigation, John Gonzalez was Bada's

supervisor. Gonzalez is also an employee of Comcast of South Jersey, LLC, and has held the title

of "Technical Supervisor" for 11 years. In his role as a Technical Supervisor, Gonzalez is

                                                 3
                                                                              Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

responsible for supervising and supporting field technicians, providing them with technical

assistance and recertifying them on ladders and various field jobs. See N. T. Gonzalet Dep.,

20:4-14.

          Chris Aten, one of Bada's fellow technicians, was at the job site at the time of Bada's

injury. Aten is also an employee of Comcast of South Jersey, LLC. Ateri's, and Gonzalez' W-

2's for the year of the incident also list Comcast of Willow Grove as their employer. The en-or

of fact made by this Court stemmed from the confusion in the pleadings, motions and deposition,

leading this Court to conclude that a material issue of fact existed as to the entity who would be

deemed Mr. Bada's employer at the time of injury, which would determine whether this matter

was strictly a worker's compensation claim or potentially impose third party liability.

          This issue was resolved at oral argument on the reconsideration motion, as Mr. Bada's

counsel confirmed that Comcast of South Jersey, LLC, was, in fact, his employer. See July 17,

2014 Transcript, Page 10, Lines 14-22. Once this issue was clarified, it was necessary for this

Court to determine if Mr. Bada 's injury was compensable under an exception to the New Jersey

Worker Compensation Act.

          On March 10, 2011, Bada was working in the Williamstown, New Jersey area. See N.T.

Eada Dep., 142:22-143:6. Toward the end of his work day, Bada received instructions regarding

a job to perform at the intersection of Williamstown Road and Corkery Lane in Williamstown,

New Jersey. See N.T. Rada Dep., 151:3-152:23. The job involved re-hanging a downed wire or

wires that connected customers' houses to a pole at the street. See N. T. Eada Dep., 168:4-

169:17.

          Due to inclement weather, Bada was concerned about climbing his ladder to perform the

repair. See N. T. Rada Dep., 182: 13-18. Bada called his supervisor (Gonzalez) to inform him that

                                                 4
                                                                               Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

 he did not think it was safe to do the work, and requested that the job be postponed until the

 morning or re-assigned to a bucket truck. See N. T. Bada Dep., 176:6-14. According to Bada,

 Gonzalez informed him that that the job had to be completed that night because the customer had

phone service ("CDV" in Comcast parlance). See N.T. Baria Dep.177:17-23. Bada testified that

customers with CDV cannot have a delay in repairs because a lack of phone service could "pose

a health risk" as these customers need to be able to call 911 or "Life Alert." See N. T. Bada Dep.,

178:7-15,· 181:5-13.

        Gonzalez also told Bada that he did not have a maintenance tech (the type of Comcast

technicians with bucket trucks) on duty. Id. at 177:17-19. However, Gonzalez did not ignore

Eada's request and did not force Bada to ascend the ladder; rather, Gonzalez told Bada that he

would have another employee, Aten, come to the job location to assist Bada, telling him to "have

him [Aten] check it out" and then get back to Gonzalez. Id. at 180:11-15.

       After Aten had arrived, he and Bada spoke about the job, and Bada reiterated his

concerns about the weather and the need for a bucket truck. N.T. Bada Dep., 196:12-25. In

response, Aten told him that they would use the ladder to test the wind for safety. N.1: Bada

Dep., 197:11-13 and 197:24-198:5. Bada explained that he "yielded to [Aten's] expertise,

because he had been a tech a lot longer." N. T. Bada Dep., 198:8-9. According to Bad a, once the

ladder was up, Aten decided that it was too windy to do the job, and they began to lower the

ladder. N. T. Bada Dep., 199: 7-19,· 213:3-11. The only assistance Aten asked of Bada was "to

brace the side of the ladder while he unhooked it and lowered the extension ladder." N.T. Bada

Dep., 200:22-201:10.

       Neither Bada nor Aten testified that either of them ever got on the ladder and no one

directed Bada to climb the ladder. Mr. Bada, and his co-worker simply put the ladder up and

                                                5
                                                                              Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

then, due to conditions   took it back down. According to Bada, as the ladder was lowered, it was

blown over by a "stronger gust" of wind,    N. 7: Bada Dep., 209:21, and Bada fell to the ground.

N. T. Bada Dep., 214:10-13. Bada testified that the ladder pushed him, although he could not

determine "what part of the injury was from a ladder impact and which part of the injury was

from, like, a twist and pull of being pushed over." N.T. Bada Dep., 215:4-9 mu/ 20-24. Bada

reported the injury to his employer and applied for worker's compensation benefits. N.T. Bada

Dep., 267:23-25. Bada expects to receive compensation from this process and stated that

worker's compensation has been paying his medical expenses. N.T. Btula Dep., 302:5-8; N.T.

Btula Dep., 255:10-256:12.

          Procedurally, these cases were filed by plaintiffs in January and March of 2013. They

were consolidated by Court Order on May 2, 2013. Comcast Corporation was dismissed from the

case via a Stipulation of Dismissal. Discovery closed on April 7, 2014 and on April 30, 2014,

Defendants moved for summary judgment on all claims brought against them by Plaintiffs.

Thereafter, this Court issued an Order denying the Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment.

          On June 13, 2014, Defendants moved for reconsideration of the Court's June 5, 2014

which was granted by this Court. On July 17, 2014, after oral argument, summary judgment was

entered in favor of the Defendants. On August 13, 2014, the Plaintiffs filed a timely Notice of

Appeal.

          As stated above, the Plaintiffs claim that this Court 1) erred in granting Defendant's

Motion for Reconsideration; 2) erred in determining Eada's injury fell within the intentional tort

exception of the New Jersey Worker Compensation Act; 3) erred by applying the wrong test to

the facts in granting summary judgment; 4) erred in granting summary judgment under Rule

                                                 6
                                                                                      Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

 1035.3 and the Nanty-Glo        rule; and, 5) erred in dismissing   Mrs. Bada's derivative consortium

 claim.

           Each of Plaintiffs'   claims of error are without legal basis. This Court determined         the

 Defendants'    request for reconsideration   of its' prior order was properly granted, and, thereafter,

 properly granted summary judgment        in favor of the Defendants on all claims.

           This Court has the authority to grant a Motion for Reconsideration         as "[a] court has the

 inherent power to reconsider its own rulings." Joseph F. Cappelli & Sons, Inc. v. Keystone

 Custom Homes, Inc., 2003 PA Super 8, ~ 24, 815 A.2d 643, 648 (2003) (citing Atlantic

Richfield Co. v. J.J. White,     u«, 302 Pa.Super. 276, 448 A.2d     634, 636 (1982)).

          A Motion for Reconsideration may be granted if the court {l) made a clear error of law or

of fact resulting in manifest injustice, (2) newly discovered evidence has become available when

the original motion was decided, or (3) there has been intervening change in controlling law. Id.

          This Court determined that it had committed a clear error of fact in its initial denial of the

Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment which warranted reconsideration of the legal issues.

After oral argument, this Court vacated its original denial of summary judgment and entered

summary judgment in favor of the Defendants.

          With the Court's acknowledgment of an error of fact on the record, it then looked to

determine if any genuine issues of material fact existed and, if not, were the Defendants entitled

to judgment in their favor as a matter of law. Pursuant to Pa.R.Civ.P. 1035.2, the standard for

summary judgment is as follows:

            "After the relevant pleadings are closed, but within such time as not to
            unreasonably delay trial, any party may move for summary judgment in
            whole or in part as a matter of law (1) whenever there is no genuine issue of
            any material fact as to a necessary element of the cause of action or defense
            which could be established by additional discovery or expert report, or (2)
            if, after the completion of discovery relevant to the motion, including the

                                                    7
                                                                                   Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

             production of expert reports, an adverse party who will bear the burden of
             proof at trial has failed to produce evidence of facts essential to the cause of
             action or defense which in a jury trial would require the issues to be
             submitted to a jury." Pa. R. Civ. P. 1035.2.

        Summary judgment is appropriately granted where the record demonstrates there is no

 genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

 Atcovltz v. Gu/pit Mills Tennis Club, Inc., 812 A.2d 1218, 1221 (Pa. 2002). At the summary

judgment stage, "[fjacts and reasonable derivative inferences are generally considered in the

 light most favorable to the non-moving party, and doubts are resolved against the moving party."

Lance v. Wyeth, 85 A.3d 434, 449 (Pa. 2014). "In so doing, the trial court must resolve all

doubts as to the existence of a genuine issue of material fact against the moving party, and, thus,

may only grant summary judgment where the right to such judgment is clear and free from all

doubt." Summers v. Certainteed Corp., 997 A.2d 1152, 1159 (Pa. 2010) (internal citation

omitted).

       Although jurisdiction in this matter properly lies in Pennsylvania as one of the defendants

has its address in Philadelphia, New Jersey worker's compensation law applies to the Badas'

claims. Counsel for all parties in their various pleadings and motions have acknowledged that

New Jersey's Worker Compensation Act (WCA) applies.

       The New Jersey WCA establishes a very high bar for employees to recover damages

from their employer outside of the Act itself. Section 34: 15 of the WCA provides, in part,

            "If an injury or death is compensable under this article, a person shall not be
            liable to anyone at common law or otherwise on account of such injury or
            death for any act or omission occurring while such person was in the same
            employ as the person injured or killed, except for intentional wrong,"
            N.J, Stat. Ann.§ 34:15-8. [Emphasis added.]

       The New Jersey Supreme Court has held that the compensation act's "remedy is

exclusive, except for injuries that result from an employer's 'intentional wrong."' Van Dunk v.

                                                  8
                                                                                Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

 Reckson Assoc. Realty Corp., 45 A.3d 965, 966 (N.J. 2012). The "intentional wrong" standard

 goes well beyond negligence or recklessness of a known risk and requires that a "substantial

 certainty" for injury is likely to take place. Jd,J at 97 I - 72.

         The Defendants properly set forth this standard in their Motion for Summary Judgment.

 The Plaintiffs now claim on appeal that this Court mistakenly applied an even stricter standard of

 "actual intent or subjective desire to injure." Plaintiffs have drawn this conclusion by taking the

 Court's comments in rendering its decision out of context. Plaintiffs are correct that New Jersey

 law does not require an intentional act standard and this Court did apply the correct standard of

 "substantial certainty" in rendering its decision. See July 17, 2014 Transcript, Page 13, Line 22

 to Page 16, Line 25.

        In order to determine whether the circumstances of Bada's injury met this "substantial

certainty" standard, the New Jersey Supreme Court has established a two-step analysis which is

comprised of a "conduct prong" and a "context prong." Van Dunk, supra., at 972. The "conduct

prong" looks simply to "the employer's conduct in the setting of the particular case." Id. The

"context prong" looks to whether "the resulting injury or disease, and the circumstances in which

it is inflicted on the worker, [may] fairly be viewed as a fact of life of industrial employment, or

whether it is plainly beyond anything the legislature could have contemplated as entitling the

employee to recover only under the Compensation Act." Id. Moreover, "determining whether

the context prong has been satisfied 'is solely a judicial function."? Mull v. Zeta Consumer

Products, 176 N.J. 385, 392, 823 A.2d 782, 786 (2003).

       There are numerous cases where the employer's conduct was found not to rise to levels

of "substantial certainty" in terms of either the conduct or context prongs: Tomeo v. Thomas

Whitesell Const. Co., Inc., 823 A.2d 769 (N.J. 2003) (affirming summary judgment for

                                                      9
                                                                                Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

  employer despite the fact that employer deactivated safety lever on a snow blower); Morales v.

 Schneider, 2013 WL 6569790 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Dec. 16, 2013) (per curiam) (affirming

 summary judgment for employer after employee was injured when colleague "drove for 'more

 than a full block' [against traffic]," resulting in an accident that caused "grievous injuries" to

 plaintiff); Estate of Se/lino v. Pinto Bros. Disposal, LLC, 2013 WL 5300076 (N.J. Super. Ct.

 App. Div. Sept. 23, 2013) (per curiam) (affirming summary judgment for employer even though

 it had tampered with truck safety feature in manner than contributed to accident).

         Van D1111k clearly illustrates the difficulty of satisfying both the conduct and context

 prongs to overcome the prohibitions of the Worker Compensation Act. In Van Dunk, a worker

 who was directed by a supervisor to enter a trench that the supervisor had, earlier that day,

directed the worker to avoid when the employee volunteered to straighten out some fabric inside

the trench and was injured. This incident resulted in the issuance of a "willful violation" citation

from OSHA and the court even noted the employer's actions could rise to a level of "gross

negligence." Id., at 979.        Despite this, the Court found that the incident did not meet the

'conduct> prong because the employee only needed to enter the trench briefly, and "[e]ven

considering the other facts known to [the supervisor] at the time that could indicate the

possibility of a cave-in, none singly or in combination provide an objectively reasonable basis

for expecting that a cave-in almost certainly would occur during the brief time plaintiff was sent

into the trench." Id., at 979.

        Further, the court found that Van Dunk's incident also failed to satisfy the 'context'

prong as "one cannot reasonably conclude that the type of mistaken judgment by the employer

and ensuing employee accident that occurred on this construction site was so far outside the

bounds of industrial life as never to be contemplated for inclusion in the Act's exclusivity bar,"

                                                  10
                                                                                  Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

and "not every intentional, or indeed willful violation of OSHA safety requirements constitutes

[such a wrong]." Id. at 980.

        Mr. Bada worked outdoors and that would include working in inclement weather as a

regular part of his job. N. T. Bada Dep., 119: 17-19. He was not ordered by his supervisor, John

Gonzalez, to climb the ladder. Mr. Gonzalez, in fact, sent a more experienced colleague, Chris

Aten, to assist Mr. Bada at the location. He was injured when it was determined that climbing the

ladder under these conditions would not be safe. Mr. Bada admitted he never climbed the ladder

and had been requested by Mr. Aten "to brace the side of the ladder while he unhooked it and

lowered the extension ladder." N. T. Bada Dep., 200:22-201: I 0.

        Mr. Bada was never forced to climb the ladder or engage in any activity where serious

injury or death was substantially certain.       Based upon the facts, it can be reasonably concluded

that Mr. Bada 's injury occurred solely within the course and scope of his employment and within

the bounds of industrial     life. As a result, his claim falls squarely within the confines and

remedies available to him as an incident contemplated by the legislature under the New Jersey

Worker Compensation Act. In light of this, Defendants are entitled to judgment in their favor.

        Plaintiffs have also raised the issue that the Defendants improperly supported their

Motion for Summary Judgment solely with deposition testimony.

        Plaintiffs argued that there is a genuine issue of material fact due to the credibility of the

Defendants'   employee, John Gonzalez, and that credibility issues must be determined at trial. In

support of this position, the Plaintiffs relied upon, but have misread the holding of, Borough of

Nanty-Glo v. Am. Sur. Co. of New York, 309 Pa. 236, 238, 163 A. 523 (1932). The Nanty-Glo

rule has no application in the instant matter.

                                                    11
                                                                                Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

        The Superior Court, in discussing the   Nanty-Glo rule, has determined that "[tjhe Nanty-

 Glo rule means the party moving for summary judgment may not rely solely upon its own

 testimonial afjidavils or depositions, or those of its witnesses, to establish the non-existence of

genuine issues of material fact. Testimonial affidavits of the moving party or his witnesses, not

documentary, even if uncontradicted, will not afford sufficient basis for the entry of summary

judgment, since the credibility of the testimony is still a matter for the [factfinder]." Denrmitt v.

New York Life Ins. cs; 2013 PA Super 161, 73 A.3d 578, 595 (2013). [Emphasis added.]

        Here, the Defendants have offered both testimonial and documentary evidence from

witnesses other than their own and the Plaintiffhimself in support of their Motion for Summary

Judgment. This Court primarily looked to the testimony of Mr. Bada in making its ruling and

not solely upon the testimony of Mr. Gonzalez. As such, this clearly shows that the Nanty-Glo

rule is not applicable in this case. In light of the foregoing, Plaintiffs' argument on this issue is

without merit.

       Lastly, Plaintiffs argue that summary judgment should not have been granted as to

Kimberly Bada's loss of consortium claim, which is derivative to Mr. Bada's claims.

       Under both Pennsylvania and New Jersey law, a derivative loss of consortium claim fails

if the originating claim fails. Sciarrotta v. Global Spectrum, 944 A.2d 630, 633 (N.J. 2008);

Barchfeld v. Nunley by Nunley, 577 A.2d 910, 912 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1990) (''[A)n action for Joss

of consortium is derivative of the injured spouse's claim."). Since Mr. Bada's claims cannot

survive summary judgment, Kimberly Bada's loss of consortium claim must also be dismissed.

Bergen v. Able Energy, Inc., 2009 WL 222943 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Feb. 2, 2009) (per

curiam) (affirming summary judgment of tort claims and loss of consortium claim because the

tort claims are barred by Worker's Compensation Act).

                                                12
                                                                              Circulated 08/14/2015 02:06 PM

       For all of the forgoing   reasons, this Court requests that its findings and conclusions be

upheld on appeal.

                                                     BY THE COURT:

Date: January 20, 2015

                                               13