Court Opinion

ID: 4034502
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-16 19:00:25.606579+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:44:12.951098
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     KIMBERLY JONES,                                 DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         SF-1221-11-0237-W-6

                  v.

     SMALL BUSINESS                                  DATE: September 16, 2016
     ADMINISTRATION,
                  Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Alan K. Hahn, Esquire, San Diego, California, for the appellant.

           Anthony G. Parham, Esquire, Washington, D.C., for the agency.

           Kathleen Eldridge, Buffalo, New York, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                              Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
                                 Mark A. Robbins, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     found that she was not entitled to corrective action in this individual right of

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                      2

     action (IRA) appeal. Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only when:
     the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact; the initial
     decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation or the
     erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative
     judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision
     were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion,
     and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material
     evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due
     diligence, was not available when the record closed.      Title 5 of the Code of
     Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).          After fully
     considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not
     established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review.
     Therefore, we DENY the petition for review. We MODIFY the Final Order to
     discuss the appellant’s assertion that the initial decision does not comport with
     Whitmore v. Department of Labor, 680 F.3d 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2012), but we
     conclude that a different outcome is not warranted.         Except as expressly
     MODIFIED by this Final Order, we AFFIRM the initial decision.

                                     BACKGROUND
¶2        The initial decision contains a comprehensive recitation of the facts of this
     matter, but we summarize the relevant portions herein.        The appellant was
     appointed to the General Schedule (GS)-14 District Director position, effective
     June 22, 2008, subject to a 1-year initial probationary period beginning
     November 13, 2007, and a 1-year supervisory probationary period beginning
     June 22, 2008.     Jones v. Small Business Administration, MSPB Docket
     No. SF-1221-11-0237-W-1, Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 17, Subtab 4bb at 19.
     During her tenure at the agency, the appellant made a number of complaints about
     her coworkers, the workplace climate, and the way that the agency completed its
     annual reviews, and a number of individuals complained about her.        E.g., id.,
                                                                                       3

     Subtab 3;   Jones    v.     Small   Business   Administration,     MSPB     Docket
     No. SF-1221-11-0237-W-5, Appeal File (W-5 AF), Tab 11, Exhibit (Ex.) 10,
     Tab 13, Ex. Q. Although the appellant was eligible to receive a promotion to
     GS-15 in November 2008, the agency did not promote her.           Subsequently, in
     March 2009, the agency removed the appellant from her GS-14 District Director
     position due to unsatisfactory performance and reassigned her to a nonsupervisory
     GS-14 Business Development Specialist position in a different office.          IAF,
     Tab 17, Subtabs 4aa, 4cc.
¶3        In July 2010, the agency proposed to suspend the appellant for 3 days based
     on charges of unprofessional behavior (two specifications) and failure to follow
     instructions (one specification). Id., Subtab 4t at 203-08. The agency upheld the
     suspension, and the appellant served the suspension in August 2010.             Id.,
     Subtab 4s, Subtab 4t at 8-11. On October 22, 2010, the appellant requested sick
     leave, but the agency denied the request, and she was marked absent without
     leave (AWOL) on this date. Id., Subtab 4l at 44, 46. The appellant went on leave
     without pay in February 2011 and separated under voluntary disability retirement,
     effective November 18, 2011. W-5 AF, Tab 11, Ex. 121.
¶4        After exhausting her administrative remedies with the Office of Special
     Counsel (OSC), W-5 AF, Tab 13, Ex. Y, Bates numbers 000223-000226, the
     appellant filed a Board appeal alleging that the agency took or failed to take a
     variety of personnel actions against her in retaliation for whistleblowing activity,
     IAF, Tab 1. The administrative judge found that the Board has jurisdiction over
     this appeal. IAF, Tab 23, Initial Decision. The appeal was dismissed without
     prejudice and refiled several times.    E.g., id.; W-5 AF, Tab 1, Tab 23, Initial
     Decision; Jones v. Small Business Administration, MSPB Docket No. SF-1221-
     11-0237-W-6, Appeal File (W-6 AF), Tab 1.        The administrative judge held a
     4-day hearing. W-6 AF, Tabs 54-57, Hearing Compact Diskettes (HCDs).
¶5        The administrative judge issued an initial decision in which she found that
     the appellant proved by preponderant evidence that she made protected
                                                                                        4

     disclosures and these disclosures were a contributing factor in the following
     personnel actions: (1) failure to promote her to GS-15; (2) reassignment to the
     nonsupervisory position; (3) 3-day suspension; and (4) 1 day of AWOL. W-6 AF,
     Tab 60, Initial Decision (ID) at 20-25. The administrative judge made credibility
     determinations in the agency’s favor and concluded that the agency proved by
     clear and convincing evidence that it would have taken or failed to take the same
     personnel actions in the absence of the appellant’s whistleblowing activity.
     ID at 25-42.    Accordingly, the administrative judge denied corrective action.
     ID at 43.
¶6        The appellant has filed a petition for review, the agency has filed a
     response, and the appellant has filed a reply. Petition for Review (PFR) File,
     Tabs 3, 5-6. On review, the appellant argues that the administrative judge’s clear
     and convincing evidence analysis was improper.        PFR File, Tab 3 at 6-7. 2 In
     particular, the appellant asserts that the initial decision did not comport with
     Whitmore, 680 F.3d 1353, because the administrative judge did not evaluate all of
     the evidence that detracted from the agency’s case and took a “dismissive” view
     of her evidence, PFR File, Tab 3 at 6, 14-33.

                      DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶7        If, as here, an appellant has established that her protected whistleblowing
     disclosures were a contributing factor in personnel actions taken against her, then
     the agency must demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that it would have
     taken the same personnel actions in the absence of such disclosures. 5 U.S.C.
     § 1221(e)(2).    In determining whether an agency has shown by clear and
     convincing evidence that it would have taken the same personnel action in the

     2
       Neither party challenges the administrative judge’s conclusions that the appellant
     made protected disclosures and that the disclosures were a contributing factor in the
     agency’s decision to take several personnel actions against her, ID at 20-25, and we
     find no reason to disturb these conclusions.
                                                                                             5

     absence of whistleblowing, the Board will consider the following factors: the
     strength of the agency’s evidence in support of its action; the existence and
     strength of any motive to retaliate on the part of the agency officials who were
     involved in the decision; and any evidence that the agency takes similar actions
     against employees who are not whistleblowers but who are otherwise similarly
     situated. Carr v. Social Security Administration, 185 F.3d 1318, 1323 (Fed. Cir.
     1999). 3 In Whitmore, 680 F.3d at 1368, the court clarified that “[e]vidence only
     clearly and convincingly supports a conclusion when it does so in the aggregate
     considering all the pertinent evidence in the record, and despite the evidence that
     fairly detracts from that conclusion.” The court further determined that “[i]t is
     error for the [Board] to not evaluate all the pertinent evidence in determining
     whether an element of a claim or defense has been proven adequately.” Id.
¶8         Regarding the failure to promote and reassignment actions, 4 the appellant
     argues on review that the administrative judge overestimated the strength of the
     agency’s evidence, made improper credibility determinations, and omitted
     favorable evidence. PFR File, Tab 3 at 15-18. The administrative judge noted
     that the appellant’s testimony conflicted with the testimony of D.O. and B.B.
     regarding the likelihood of her obtaining a promotion to GS-15; the
     administrative judge credited the agency officials’ testimony because it was
     consistent with the offer letter, which stated that the appellant would only be
     “eligible” for a promotion in November 2008 “contingent on satisfactory

     3
       The appellant does not challenge the administrative judge’s conclusion that there was
     no evidence regarding the third Carr factor for any of the personnel actions at issue in
     this matter, and we affirm this aspect of the initial decision. PFR File, Tab 3 at 22, 27,
     32; ID at 31, 36, 42.
     4
       The administrative judge properly noted that neither of these actions are disciplinary
     actions; thus, the Board must consider whether the agency had legitimate reasons for its
     actions when evaluating the strength of the agency’s evidence. ID at 26 (citing Azbill v.
     Department of Homeland Security, 105 M.S.P.R. 363, ¶ 18 (2007); Gonzales v.
     Department of the Navy, 101 M.S.P.R. 248, ¶ 12 (2006)).
                                                                                              6

      performance.” ID at 26; W-5 AF, Tab 11, Ex. 14; see Hillen v. Department of the
      Army, 35 M.S.P.R. 453, 458 (1987) (stating that, to resolve credibility issues, an
      administrative judge must, among other things, explain in detail why he found the
      chosen version more credible, considering such factors as the consistency of the
      witness’s version of events with other evidence). The Board must give deference
      to an administrative judge’s credibility determinations when they are based,
      explicitly or implicitly, on the observation of the demeanor of witnesses
      testifying at a hearing; the Board may overturn such determinations only when it
      has “sufficiently sound” reasons for doing so.                Haebe v. Department of
      Justice, 288 F.3d 1288, 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2002) . 5
¶9          The    appellant     also   disagrees     with    the    administrative     judge’s
      characterization of the agency’s “strong reasons” for not promoting her in
      November 2008, including her overall revised performance rating, the “list of
      improvements” contained in her revised performance rating, and feedback from
      J.M.Q. about her performance while on a 30-day detail in his office. PFR File,
      Tab 3 at 15-16; ID at 27. These arguments are unavailing.
¶10         The record reflects that the appellant requested a second-level review of her
      “below expectations” performance rating for fiscal year 2008. W-6 AF, Tab 17,
      Subtab 4dd. As a result of this request, B.B. increased the appellant’s rating in
      the “People Management Responsibilities” category to fully successful and
      increased her overall rating to fully successful. Id. at 1. In the revised narrative
      section of the “People Management Responsibilities” category, B.B. included

      5
        In her reply brief, the appellant asserts, that post-Whitmore, the Board is not bound to
      defer to the administrative judge’s demeanor-based credibility determinations.
      PFR File, Tab 6 at 5 (citing Mattil v. Department of State, 118 M.S.P.R. 662, ¶ 29 n.3
      (2012)). We have considered the appellant’s reliance on Mattil, but we do not interpret
      the relevant language in that decision to preclude us from deferring to the
      administrative judge’s demeanor-based credibility determinations, particularly when, as
      here, the administrative judge has properly evaluated all of the pertinent record
      evidence consistent with Whitmore.
                                                                                       7

      instructions that, moving forward, the appellant should be “proactive as opposed
      to reactive” in such areas as recognizing and rewarding superior accomplishments
      by subordinates and fostering an environment of open communication and
      respect. Id. at 2. We need not resolve whether these instructions constituted a
      “list of improvements,” ID at 27, or “coaching and guidance,” PFR File, Tab 3
      at 16, because these instructions do not detract from the strength of the
      agency’s evidence.
¶11         We also discern no inconsistency regarding B.B.’s reliance on feedback
      about the appellant from J.M.Q. ID at 27; IAF, Tab 17, Subtab 4f at 2, Subtab
      4bb at 62-63. Even if J.M.Q. did not testify that the appellant was unsatisfactory
      during the mentoring period, PFR File, Tab 3 at 16, his declaration documented
      shortcomings in her work and interactions with staff during this time.        IAF,
      Tab 17, Subtab 4f at 3 (“[The appellant’s] complaints about . . . staff issues
      dominated her attention and her receptivity toward seeking constructive solutions
      was low . . . .      [I]t was clear that any advice on strategies to improve the
      relationships with key . . . staff were not heeded.”).
¶12         We also have considered the appellant’s argument that the administrative
      judge failed to mention or analyze facts surrounding the “office dysfunction and
      strained relations” as a result of the appellant’s whistleblowing, and that this
      evidence detracts from the strength of the agency’s evidence. PFR File, Tab 3
      at 17 (citing Chavez v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 120 M.S.P.R. 285
      (2013)).   We understand the appellant’s reference to “office dysfunction and
      strained relations” as involving, among other things, the problems between her
      and G.S. and S.C. The administrative judge, however, discussed these problems
      in the initial decision.    ID at 6-8, 11.    Moreover, Chavez is distinguishable
      because Ms. Chavez had “excellent performance,” which buttressed the Board’s
      conclusion in that case that the administrative judge overestimated the strength of
      the agency’s evidence.     Chavez, 120 M.S.P.R. 285, ¶¶ 28-31.     In contrast, the
      appellant’s performance in this matter was fully successful, IAF, Tab 17,
                                                                                       8

      Subtab 4dd, and we find that the administrative judge did not overestimate the
      strength of the agency’s evidence.    In the absence of any statute, regulation,
      agency policy, or agreement between the appellant and the agency that would
      obligate the agency to promote her to the GS-15 level after completing her
      probationary period, we discern no error with the administrative judge’s
      conclusion that the agency’s evidence was strong regarding this action.
¶13        Turning to the reassignment action, the appellant asserts that the
      administrative judge ignored the fact that the reassignment letter lacked specific
      information regarding her inability to manage people or how she became
      argumentative when seeking feedback from others and her testimony and other
      evidence contradicted the allegations in the letter.      PFR File, Tab 3 at 18;
      W-6 AF, Tab 59 at 11-14. We are not persuaded by these assertions.
¶14        The reassignment letter offers general examples of the appellant’s inability
      to make management decisions, feedback from her peers regarding her
      argumentative nature, her tendency to focus on “minor details of a situation rather
      than following the issue through the entire process before making a decision,”
      and her failure to appreciate or understand the relationship that the agency has
      with Government officials and resource partners. IAF, Tab 17, Subtab 4cc. We
      agree with the administrative judge that these reasons constitute legitimate
      management reasons for a reassignment.
¶15        Regarding her assertion that her testimony and evidence contradicted some
      of the allegations in the reassignment letter, the administrative judge discussed
      her testimony and the testimony of B.B. and D.O. regarding the appellant’s
      performance as a supervisor and the appellant’s contention that disgruntled
      subordinates were the source of complaints against her.        ID at 27-28.    The
      administrative judge noted that some employees, including G.S. and S.C., were
      difficult to supervise and not performing their jobs properly. ID at 28. However,
      she found B.B.’s and D.O.’s testimony regarding the appellant’s deficiencies as a
      supervisor credible and consistent with the documentary evidence. ID at 28-29.
                                                                                        9

      We see no basis to revisit that conclusion.       Haebe, 288 F.3d at 1301.      We
      therefore affirm the administrative judge’s conclusion that the agency’s evidence
      regarding the reassignment action is strong.
¶16        The appellant next challenges the administrative judge’s finding that B.B.,
      D.O., and J.M.Q. did not have a particularly strong motive to retaliate, even
      though they were high-level management officials at the agency against whom the
      appellant was complaining. ID at 29-31. She asserts that the agency’s motive to
      retaliate is evidenced by its decision not to use the full extent of the supervisory
      probationary period, its refusal to allow her to respond to the allegations in the
      reassignment letter, and its failure to interview her about the allegations.
      PFR File, Tab 3 at 19.
¶17        Importantly, the administrative judge acknowledged that the agency
      reassigned the appellant during her supervisory probationary period. ID at 11-12.
      Moreover, the agency’s concerns about the appellant’s skill set and deficiencies
      as a supervisor stemmed from multiple managerial and nonmanagerial sources.
      E.g., ID at 5-12, 27-30; IAF, Tab 17, Subtab 4bb.        Given this evidence, we
      conclude that the agency’s failure to talk to her about the allegations in the
      reassignment letter, its failure to give her an opportunity to respond to the
      allegations therein, and its decision to reassign her during her probationary
      period, were not motivated by reprisal.     See Social Security Administration v.
      Carr, 78 M.S.P.R. 313, 335 (1998) (concluding that the agency’s failure to
      provide the appellant with an opportunity to respond to the allegations was not
      caused by reprisal), aff’d, 185 F.3d 1318 (Fed. Cir. 1999).
¶18        We have considered the appellant’s contention that the administrative judge
      took a dismissive view of her “smoking gun” evidence, i.e., that the agency
      faulted her for reporting issues within her division. PFR File, Tab 3 at 20-21.
      The agency’s reference in the reassignment letter to an example in which the
      appellant wanted to bring “in” the Office of Inspector General (OIG) for
      assistance on programmatic issues, as opposed to fixing the problem herself using
                                                                                     10

      the resources of her office, IAF, Tab 17, Subtab 4cc at 2, does not constitute
      discipline based on protected whistleblowing. Rather, the administrative judge
      concluded that the appellant was reassigned because B.B. and D.O. believed that
      she failed to display the necessary leadership and management skills and was
      unwilling to find solutions. ID at 30. Notably, the administrative judge credited
      the testimony of B.B. and D.O. that they encouraged the appellant to report
      program issues to the program office for resolution and not to make allegations to
      the OIG about criminal fraud without a factual basis for doing so. ID at 31. The
      appellant has not persuaded us that the administrative judge’s credibility
      determinations were erroneous. Haebe, 288 F.3d at 1301.
¶19        The appellant contends on review that drafts of the reassignment letter had
      to be edited to have a “reprisal paragraph” removed indicating that retaliatory
      language was part of the agency’s rationale.    PFR File, Tab 3 at 22; W-5 AF,
      Tab 13, Exhibits T-U. We modify the initial decision because the administrative
      judge did not specifically mention this contention. We cannot conclude from the
      ambiguous references in the documents cited by the appellant to the removal of a
      “reprisal paragraph” that the draft reassignment letter contained retaliatory
      language or that the deletion of this paragraph constitutes evidence of the
      agency’s motive to retaliate. Thus, a different outcome is not warranted. Having
      affirmed the administrative judge’s finding regarding the strength of the agency’s
      evidence and the motive to retaliate, we agree with her conclusion that the agency
      proved by clear and convincing evidence that it would have not promoted the
      appellant to the GS-15 level and would have reassigned her absent her
      whistleblowing activity.
¶20        Regarding the 3-day suspension, the administrative judge concluded that
      proposing official A.Q. and deciding official J.M.Q. had strong reasons to believe
      that the appellant treated J.P., an employee of firm A.C.P., unprofessionally.
                                                                                             11

      ID at 33; IAF, Tab 17, Subtab 4t at 216-20. 6           She rejected the appellant’s
      assertion that J.P. had a motive to fabricate because A.C.P. was not in compliance
      and he might lose his job if A.C.P. was terminated from the agency’s program.
      ID at 33.   She also noted that A.C.P. received no contracts or other financial
      assistance from the agency other than counseling and development.               Id.   We
      modify the initial decision because the administrative judge did not specifically
      address the “direct evidence” that A.C.P. benefited from its continued work with
      certain companies due to its small business status, which could have motivated
      J.P. to fabricate the story about the appellant’s rudeness. PFR File, Tab 3 at 23
      (citing W-5 AF, Tab 13, Ex. LL).        Even if we consider this evidence and the
      possibility that J.P. had some motive to retaliate, we discern no error with the
      administrative judge’s conclusion that the agency’s evidence in support of this
      specification was strong. ID at 33. 7
¶21         The crux of the failure to follow instructions charge is that S.O. directed the
      appellant via email to contact firm S.S.C. and schedule a time for them to come
      into the office to discuss outstanding issues, and she failed to do so. IAF, Tab 17,
      Subtab 4t at 206. The appellant challenges the administrative judge’s finding that
      the evidence supporting this charge was strong for the following reasons: (1) she
      had insufficient notice of the instruction due to her leave schedule; (2) she
      could not comply with the instruction because the firm’s owner was in Maryland
      and she was in California; and (3) the purpose of the instruction was asking her to

      6
        We affirm the administrative judge’s conclusion that the evidence in support of the
      first specification of the unprofessional behavior charge, involving E.P., the director of
      building security, was weak. ID at 32-33; PFR File, Tab 3 at 23.
      7
        The appellant argues in her reply brief that the administrative judge’s credibility
      determinations are not entitled to deference because J.P. did not testify. PFR File,
      Tab 6 at 9. Even if we did not defer to the administrative judge’s credibility
      determinations, we conclude that the strength of the agency’s evidence regarding this
      charge was strong.
                                                                                           12

      do something to which she already had objected.           PFR File, Tab 3 at 24-26;
      ID at 33-35.
¶22         The administrative judge discussed the effect of the appellant’s leave in her
      analysis of the strength of the agency’s evidence. She concluded, however, that
      S.O. “credibly explained” that he believed that the appellant refused to follow his
      instruction because she did not want to meet with the firm, not because of her
      leave schedule or the firm owner’s location. ID at 34. 8 The record reflects that,
      despite S.O.’s clear instruction to set up a meeting with S.S.C., the appellant
      did not do so. Even after she returned from her leave, the appellant still refused
      to meet with S.S.C., telling S.O. that she “[saw] no need or benefit to
      ‘discuss[ing]’ [her] concerns in person in a meeting with the firm.” IAF, Tab 17,
      Subtab 4t at 23-24. We therefore agree that the agency’s evidence regarding this
      charge was strong.
¶23         Having affirmed the administrative judge’s conclusion that the agency’s
      evidence was strong regarding the 3-day suspension, we now turn to the
      appellant’s arguments regarding the motive to retaliate. The administrative judge
      noted that S.O., A.Q., and J.M.Q. had some motive to retaliate because they were
      high-level management employees charged with ensuring compliance with
      program regulations, which was part of the appellant’s disclosures.           ID at 35.
      Instead of the administrative judge’s conclusion that there existed a fundamental
      disagreement with the appellant’s approach to dealing with firms, ID at 35-36, the
      appellant proffers that the real conflict was that she “wanted to follow the
      statute[s] and regulations” and S.O., A.Q., and J.M.Q. did not, PFR File, Tab 3

      8
        The appellant also contends that it was error for the administrative judge to credit
      S.O.’s explanation because he did not testify, and thus it was not a demeanor-based
      credibility determination. PFR File, Tab 6 at 10. Even if we modify the initial decision
      and conclude that the administrative judge’s credibility determination involving S.O.
      was not entitled to deference, we agree that the agency had strong reasons to support
      this charge based on the undisputed fact that the appellant did not comply with S.O.’s
      order to schedule a meeting with S.S.C.
                                                                                       13

      at 26-27. She also alleges that J.M.Q. lacked credibility because she disclosed
      violations of law and fraud to him and told him that she went to OIG, but he
      stated in his declaration made under penalty of perjury that he was not aware of
      any disclosures that she made to either the OIG or OSC, nor did he have such
      information prior to his current involvement in the IRA appeal.           Id. at 27.
      Compare IAF, Tab 17, Subtab 4f at 6, with id., Subtab 4t at 20.
¶24        These arguments do not warrant reversal of the initial decision. The record
      does not support the appellant’s assertion on review that S.O., A.Q., and J.M.Q.
      did not want to follow the pertinent statutes and regulations.        Moreover, we
      are not persuaded that there is a discrepancy in J.M.Q.’s statements.       Rather,
      J.M.Q. credibly explained in his testimony that he did not regard the appellant’s
      unsolicited correspondence to the agency administrator as whistleblowing and he
      only was aware that the appellant said that she filed a complaint with OIG. HCD.
      He further testified that he never saw what the appellant allegedly submitted to
      the OIG or OSC, nor had he seen any report from the OIG or OSC regarding any
      such allegations.      HCD.   For these reasons, we discern no error with the
      administrative judge’s evaluation of the agency’s motive to retaliate regarding the
      3-day suspension. We also affirm the administrative judge’s conclusion that the
      agency proved by clear and convincing evidence that it would have suspended the
      appellant in the absence of her whistleblowing activity.
¶25        The circumstances surrounding the appellant being marked as AWOL on
      October 22, 2010, are largely undisputed. The appellant was directed by T.H. to
      meet with another agency employee, and the date of the scheduled meeting was
      October 22, 2010.      IAF, Tab 17, Subtab 4l at 56.   The appellant subsequently
      requested compensatory leave for this date and other dates, and her requests were
      denied.   Id. at 54.   She later requested sick leave for these dates, and these
      requests also were denied. Id. at 48-49, 51. On the morning of October 22, 2010,
      the appellant requested sick leave for the day.     Id. at 46.    The appellant was
                                                                                        14

      directed to provide medical documentation to support her absence and, when she
      failed to do so, was marked AWOL for that date. Id. at 44, 46. 9
¶26        The administrative judge found “somewhat strong” evidence in support of
      the agency’s decision to deny the appellant’s request for leave and mark her as
      AWOL on October 22, 2010, when she failed to produce medical documentation.
      ID at 36. Citing T.H.’s “non-evasive demeanor” at the hearing, the consistency
      of his testimony with the documentary evidence, and the fact that he “readily
      admitted to make statements against his interest or that were inappropriate for a
      federal manager at his level,” the administrative judge credited his testimony that
      he marked the appellant AWOL on October 22, 2010, because he believed that
      she was avoiding coming to work on this date. ID at 37-38.
¶27        On review, the appellant asserts that the reasonableness of T.H.’s beliefs
      are not evidence in support of the agency’s action, especially if he is mistaken
      about the underlying facts, and she maintains that her successful defense against a
      subsequent proposed 5-day suspension based on the same AWOL offense
      undercuts the strength of the agency’s evidence. PFR File, Tab 3 at 28-29; IAF,
      Tab 17, Subtab 4l at 39-41. These arguments are unavailing.
¶28        The administrative judge’s credibility determinations are entitled to
      deference because they are based on T.H.’s demeanor.          See Haebe, 288 F.3d
      at 1301.   Moreover, given the context of the appellant’s multiple requests for
      leave on a date that she previously had agreed to meet with another agency
      employee, and given the fact that the agency could have required the appellant to
      provide a medical certificate to substantiate a sick leave request, IAF, Tab 17,
      Subtab 4l at 26; ID at 38, we discern no error with the administrative judge’s

      9
        The administrative judge noted in the initial decision that the agency subsequently
      paid the appellant for 1 day of AWOL, but that the issue was not moot. ID at 18 n.12.
                                                                                             15

      credibility determinations. 10      The administrative judge also discussed the
      appellant’s successful challenge to the proposed 5-day suspension premised on
      the same AWOL allegation, ID at 38, and we find that she gave this evidence
      proper consideration in her analysis of the strength of the agency’s evidence.
¶29         The appellant also contends that the initial decision ignores the fact that
      T.H. was trying to set the appellant up for discipline. PFR File, Tab 3 at 29;
      see W-5 AF, Tab 13, Ex. PP, Bates number 15457 (asking for assistance from
      Human Resources about how to “get [the appellant] out of here for the longest
      defendable period of time quickly”) (emphasis in original). The administrative
      judge detailed the difficult and contentious work relations between the appellant,
      T.H., and other employees; she concluded that T.H.’s “inappropriate remarks to
      and about the appellant” did not weaken the agency’s evidence in support of the
      AWOL charge.       ID at 39-41.     The appellant has not identified any additional
      persuasive evidence which detracts from this conclusion.
¶30         We have further considered the appellant’s assertion that the administrative
      judge’s decision to credit T.H.’s testimony is undermined by the fact that he made
      a “material false statement under oath.” PFR File, Tab 3 at 30-31. She alleges
      that T.H. stated in his February 2011 declaration made under penalty of perjury
      that he was not “aware” that the appellant made any whistleblower disclosures to
      OSC or to OIG but he knew of such disclosures via a December 2010 email.

      10
         Even if we determined that T.H. was incorrect in his belief that the appellant
      requested medical leave and did not report for work to avoid a meeting with another
      agency employee, and he therefore should have granted her leave request and not placed
      her on AWOL, this determination would not lead to the conclusion that he placed her on
      AWOL because of her protected activity. Rather, such a determination would likely
      only affect our evaluation of the Carr factor that discusses the strength of the agency’s
      evidence; it would not affect our evaluation of the Carr factor involving the existence
      and strength of T.H.’s motive to retaliate. Carr, 185 F.3d at 1323. For the reasons
      discussed in the initial decision and herein, we agree with the administrative judge that
      the evidence to support a retaliatory motive is “weak,” ID at 42, and our overall
      analysis of the Carr factors supports the conclusion that the appellant is not entitled to
      corrective action.
                                                                                     16

      Id. at 31 (citing IAF, Tab 17, Subtab 4g; W-5 AF, Tab 11, Ex. 59).       We have
      reviewed this documentation, but we are not persuaded that T.H. made a material
      false statement under oath or that the administrative judge’s credibility
      determinations based on T.H.’s demeanor are not entitled to deference.
¶31        Notably, the December 2010 email and its attached correspondence do not
      use the word “whistleblowing” or any derivative thereof; at most, the attached
      correspondence stated that the appellant was advised that her retaliation claim
      should go to OSC. W-5 AF, Tab 11, Ex. 59. The appellant has not identified any
      evidence that T.H. actually reviewed the correspondence attached to the
      December 2010 email or that he even considered the appellant’s OIG hotline call
      as a whistleblowing disclosure. The appellant acknowledges on review that T.H.
      was not asked about any alleged discrepancy during the hearing, and it is unclear
      why her representative failed to do so.     PFR File, Tab 3 at 31; see Sofio v.
      Internal Revenue Service, 7 M.S.P.R. 667, 670 (1981) (finding that the appellant
      is responsible for the errors of his chosen representative). For these reasons, we
      discern no error with the administrative judge’s conclusion that the strength of
      the agency’s evidence was “somewhat strong.” ID at 36.
¶32        Regarding the motive to retaliate element, the appellant cites to the
      administrative judge’s “dismissive” view of T.H.’s “outrageous comments” to and
      about the appellant.    PFR File, Tab 3 at 31-32.     The administrative judge,
      however, discussed in detail T.H.’s “questionable” statements and remarks that
      were “at the least inappropriate and distasteful,” but she found that they were
      “unrelated” to the appellant’s whistleblowing.   ID at 39-41.   Additionally, the
      administrative judge found that the appellant had a tendency to exaggerate and
      explicitly did not credit her testimony that T.H. told her that she would be fired
      due to her whistleblowing. ID at 39.
¶33        Although the administrative judge did not specifically note in the initial
      decision that T.H. said that the appellant “was gumming up the works,” PFR File,
      Tab 3 at 32, she mentioned that T.H. thought that the appellant was too involved
                                                                                        17

      in minutia, ID at 40. Even if we consider this additional statement in our analysis
      of the motive to retaliate, a different outcome is not warranted.       Notably, the
      administrative judge credited T.H.’s testimony that he did not care if the
      appellant made complaints or went to the OIG, as long as she continued to
      produce “widgets” as directed.     ID at 39-40.     Here, too, the appellant has not
      offered sufficiently sound reasons for reversing this credibility determination,
      see Haebe, 288 F.3d at 1301, and we affirm the administrative judge’s conclusion
      that T.H. had little motive to retaliate against the appellant for her
      whistleblowing activity.
¶34         For these reasons, we affirm the administrative judge’s analysis of the Carr
      factors regarding the imposition of 1 day of AWOL. We also affirm her decision
      to deny corrective action to the appellant in this matter.

                         NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                            YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS
            The initial decision, as supplemented by this Final Order, constitutes the
      Board’s final decision in this matter. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113. You have the right to
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            The court must receive your request for review no later than 60 calendar
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            If you want to request review of the Board’s decision concerning your
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                                                                                 18

Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction. The court of
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      If you need further information about your right to appeal this decision to
court, you should refer to the Federal law that gives you this right. It is found in
title 5 of the United States Code, section 7703 (5 U.S.C. § 7703) (as rev. eff.
Dec. 27, 2012).    You may read this law as well as other sections of the
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Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is
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is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is contained
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http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website
at   http://www.mspb.gov/probono       for   information    regarding   pro    bono
representation for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal
Circuit.                                                                        The
                                                                                 19

Merit Systems Protection Board neither endorses the services provided by any
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FOR THE BOARD:                            ______________________________
                                          Jennifer Everling
                                          Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.