Court Opinion

ID: 4436883
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-09-10 17:09:19.698419+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:51:38.129309
License: Public Domain

J-S35038-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                            :         PENNSYLVANIA
             Appellee                       :
                                            :
       v.                                   :
                                            :
JAMES KENNEDY,                              :
                                            :
             Appellant                      :   No. 2103 EDA 2018

              Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered April 11, 2018
             in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
             Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0513171-1976

BEFORE:      OLSON, J., STABILE, J. and STRASSBURGER, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.:            FILED SEPTEMBER 10, 2019

      James Kennedy (Appellant) appeals from the April 11, 2018 order

dismissing his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA),

42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.

      When he was 19 years old, Appellant shot and killed James Brown. In

1977, following a non-jury trial, Appellant was convicted of first-degree

murder and sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.

On appeal, this Court affirmed his judgment of sentence. Commonwealth

v. Kennedy, 411 A.2d 1249 (Pa. Super. 1979).           The Supreme Court of

Pennsylvania denied Appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal on February

8, 1980.    Appellant’s sentence became final in 1980 after he did not seek

further appellate review. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3).

*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S35038-19

      On March 18, 2016, Appellant filed pro se the petition that is the subject

of this appeal.1 The PCRA court appointed counsel. Subsequently, counsel

filed a petition to withdraw and a no-merit letter pursuant to Commonwealth

v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550

A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc). On March 14, 2018, the PCRA court

issued Appellant notice pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 that it planned to dismiss

without a hearing his petition as untimely filed.     Appellant did not file a

response. On April 11, 2018, the PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s petition

and granted counsel’s motion to withdraw.

      This timely-filed appeal followed.2 On appeal, Appellant claims the PCRA

court erred by dismissing his petition as untimely filed, and argues that Miller

v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012)3 applies to him notwithstanding his age at

the time of his crime. Appellant’s Brief at 3.

1Subsequently, Appellant attempted to supplement his petition on March 29,
2016, but never sought or obtained permission of the PCRA court to do so.
See Commonwealth v. Porter, 35 A.3d 4, 12 (Pa. 2012) (holding that
amendments to pending PCRA petitions are not self-authorizing and cannot
be amended simply by filing a supplemental pleading; rather, amendments
are permitted only by the direction or leave of the PCRA court).

2 The PCRA court did not order Appellant to file a concise statement pursuant
to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), and none was filed. The PCRA court filed an opinion
pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).

3 In Miller, the United States Supreme Court held that it is cruel and unusual
punishment to sentence a juvenile to a mandatory sentence of life
imprisonment without parole.

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      We review the court’s order mindful of the following.         Generally, a

petition for relief under the PCRA must be filed within one year of the date the

judgment of sentence is final unless the petition alleges, and the petitioner

proves, that an exception to the time for filing the petition is met. 4 42 Pa.C.S.

§ 9545. In addition, exceptions must be pleaded within 60 days of the date

the claim could have been presented. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).5 Because the

PCRA’s time restrictions are jurisdictional in nature, neither this Court nor the

PCRA court has the power to address the merits of a petition if it is filed

untimely and the petitioner did not plead and prove an applicable time-bar

exception. Commonwealth v. Lewis, 63 A.3d 1274, 1280-81 (Pa. Super.

2013).

      It is clear that Appellant’s petition is facially untimely; Appellant

implicitly concedes this point.     See Appellant’s Brief at 6-7.       However,

Appellant contends that his petition satisfied the time-bar exception set forth

4 The legislature added this time limitation as part of a set of amendments to
the PCRA in 1995. For a petitioner such as Appellant whose judgment of
sentence became final before January 16, 1996, the effective date of the
amendments, the legislature provided a one-year grace period after the
effective date within which the petitioner could have filed a petition. See
Commonwealth v. Peterkin, 722 A.2d 638, 641 (Pa. 1998) (citing
subsection 3(1) of the Act of Nov. 17, 1995 (Spec.Sess. No. 1) P.L. 1118, No.
32).

5Although inapplicable to this appeal, we note that subsection 9545(b)(2) was
amended on October 24, 2018, effective in 60 days (December 24, 2018),
extending the time for filing from 60 days of the date the claim could have
been presented to one year. See Act 2018, Oct. 24, P.L. 894, No. 146, § 3.

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in subsection 9545(b)(1)(iii). Id. To establish that time-bar exception, the

petitioner must plead and prove that he is asserting a “constitutional right that

was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme

Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has

been held by that court to apply retroactively.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).

      Appellant attempts to invoke Miller, and Montgomery v. Louisiana,

__ U.S. __, 136 S.Ct. 718 (2016), which made Miller retroactively applicable,

to argue the applicability of the newly-recognized and retroactively-applicable

constitutional right exception to the PCRA’s time bar. Appellant’s Brief at 6-

7. Although Appellant was 19 years old at the time he committed murder,

Appellant argues, inter alia, that Miller should not be read so narrowly to

confine its application to individuals under the age of 18, particularly because

19-year-olds have the same type of immaturity and brain development as

younger teenagers.        Id. at 6-17.   In support, Appellant cites to various

studies, the decision of major retailers to cease gun sales to individuals under

the age of 21, and several cases from courts outside this jurisdiction that have

extended Miller’s holding to older individuals in different contexts. Id.

      This Court has held that the constitutional right recognized by Miller

and made retroactively applicable by Montgomery is the right of “those under

the age of 18 at the time of their crimes” to be free by the cruel and unusual

punishment    inflicted    by   a   mandatory   life   without   parole   sentence.

Commonwealth v. Lee, 206 A.3d 1, 2 (Pa. Super. 2019) (en banc). Faced

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with arguments much like the ones Appellant sets forth in his brief, this Court

held expressly that based on current law, petitioners who were 18 or older at

the time of their crimes cannot rely upon Miller and Montgomery to establish

the newly-recognized and retroactively-applicable exception to the PCRA’s

time bar. See generally id. Because Appellant was 19 years old when he

committed his crime, his PCRA petition did not satisfy a time-bar exception.

Accordingly, the PCRA court did not err in dismissing Appellant’s petition.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 9/10/19

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