Court Opinion

ID: 2749211
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-11-08 02:04:35.975151+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:26:02.654112
License: Public Domain

J-A29001-14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                        PENNSYLVANIA
                         Appellee

                    v.

JAMES DAVID SHRIVER,

                         Appellant                    No. 1361 WDA 2013

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence entered April 1, 2013,
            in the Court of Common Pleas of Greene County,
          Criminal Division at No(s): CP-30-CR-0000039-2012;
              CP-30-CR-0000060-2012; CP-30-CR-0000061;
          CP-30-CR-0000103-2012; CP-30-CR-0000104-2012;
                         CP-30-CR-0000105-2012

BEFORE: DONOHUE, ALLEN, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY ALLEN, J.:                         FILED NOVEMBER 07, 2014

      James David Shriver (“Appellant”) appeals from the judgment of

sentence imposed after a jury convicted him of multiple burglary and theft

offenses. The trial court explained:

             [Appellant] was tried and convicted by a jury in six (6)
      cases joined by the Commonwealth, for various theft offenses.
      Prior to trial, [Appellant] attempted to enter a plea of guilty to all
      of the offenses. While [Appellant] appeared willing to enter a
      plea, he refused to admit that he had committed any of the
      crimes alleged. The Court refused to accept his plea, in part,
      because [Appellant] refused to admit to the underlying facts.
      [Appellant] proceeded to trial, and on January 14, 2013,
      [Appellant] was acquitted of [two counts of burglary].
      [Appellant] was convicted of all remaining charges in all six (6)
      cases. On March 26, 2013, [Appellant] was sentenced to a
      combined period of state incarceration of 72 to 144 months.

*Retired Senior Judge assigned to Superior Court.
J-A29001-14

Trial Court Opinion, 11/13/13, at 1-2 (unnumbered).

        On April 1, 2013, the trial court granted the Commonwealth’s post-

sentence motion and amended Appellant’s judgment of sentence to reflect

that Appellant “shall refrain from approaching or contacting or causing

another from approaching or contacting co-defendant, Richard Vanpelt and

his family or from engaging in threatening or retaliatory conduct against

Richard Vanpelt and his family.” On April 10, 2013, Appellant filed a post-

sentence motion, which the trial court denied.           Appellant filed a timely

appeal.    Both the trial court and Appellant have complied with Pa.R.A.P.

1925.

        Appellant presents five issues for our review:

        I.   DID THE [TRIAL] COURT ERR BY FINDING [APPELLANT]
        WAS NOT A CANDIDATE FOR REHABILITATION IN SENTENCING
        AS WELL AS WELL AS OTHER FACTORS WHICH WERE NOT
        SUPPORTED BY THE RECORD WHEN MAKING A DETERMINATION
        TO SENTENCE [APPELLANT] TOO HARSHLY?

        II.  DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR BY NOT DISMISSING A JUROR
        WHO WAS SEEN HUGGING ONE OF THE VICTIM’S IN
        [APPELLANT’S] CASE IN THE HALL WAY [sic] OUTSIDE OF THE
        COURTROOM?

        III. DID THE JUDGE ERR BY NOT RECUSING HIMSELF WHEN A
        LOCAL   MAGISTRATE   WAS    A   BURGLARY   VICTIM  OF
        [APPELLANT]?

        IV.  DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR BY NOT BY NOT [sic] GIVING
        CONSIDERATION IN SENTENCING THAT THE JURY ACQUITTED
        [APPELLANT] ON 2 SEPARATE COUNTS OF BURGLARY?

        V.   DID THE [TRIAL] COURT ERR BY REFUSING TO ACCEPT
        THE APPELLANT’S GUILTY PLEA BECAUSE THE COURT FELT THAT
        APPELLANT MIGHT HAVE A DEFENSE.

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Appellant’s Brief at 15.

      Appellant’s first and fourth issues challenge the discretionary aspects

of Appellant’s sentence. Accordingly, we address these issues together.

      This Court has summarized:

        Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of sentencing
        for which there is no automatic right to appeal. This appeal
        is, therefore, more appropriately considered a petition for
        allowance of appeal. Two requirements must be met before
        a challenge to the judgment of sentence will be heard on
        the merits. First, the appellant must set forth in his [or her]
        brief a concise statement of matters relied upon for
        allowance of appeal with respect to the discretionary
        aspects of his [or her] sentence.         Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f).
        Second, he or she must show that there is a substantial
        question that the sentence imposed is not appropriate under
        the Sentencing Code. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b)[.]

            The determination of whether a particular case raises a
        substantial question is to be evaluated on a case-by-case
        basis. Generally, however, in order to establish that there
        is a substantial question, the appellant must show actions
        by the sentencing court inconsistent with the Sentencing
        Code or contrary to the fundamental norms underlying the
        sentencing process.

Commonwealth v. Marts, 889 A.2d 608, 611-12 (Pa. Super. 2005)

(footnote and citations omitted).

      In the present case, Appellant has failed to include in his brief a

concise statement pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f).          The Commonwealth

objects to Appellant’s failure to include a 2119(f) statement and argues that,

as a result, Appellant has waived his sentencing claims. We agree.

      This Court has held:

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            [W]hen the appellant has not included a Rule 2119(f)
         statement and the appellee has not objected, this Court
         may ignore the omission and determine if there is a
         substantial question that the sentence imposed was not
         appropriate, or enforce the requirements of Pa.R.A.P.
         2119(f) sua sponte, i.e., deny allowance of appeal.
         However, this option is lost if the appellee objects to a
         2119(f) omission. In such circumstances, this Court is
         precluded from reviewing the merits of the claim and the
         appeal must be denied.

Commonwealth v. Kiesel, 854 A.2d 530, 533 (Pa. Super. 2004); See also

Commonwealth v. Robinson, 931 A.2d 15, 22 (Pa. Super. 2007).

      In the present case, Appellant has failed to include in his brief a

statement pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f), and the Commonwealth has

objected to the omission.    Accordingly, we may not review the merits of

Appellant’s appeal. Kiesel, supra.

      In his second issue, Appellant explains that in the courthouse hallway

during a trial recess, one of Appellant’s victims recognized a juror as a high

school classmate and greeted and hugged the juror.        Appellant contends

that the interaction raised “the question of impartiality” and thus warranted

a mistrial, or “at the very least” the replacement of the juror with an

alternate. Appellant’s Brief at 33.

      We recently affirmed a trial court’s decision not to dismiss a juror

during trial, explaining:

           [I]n   Commonwealth         v.   Hale,    85 A.3d 570
      (Pa.Super.2014) allowance of appeal granted on other ground, –
      –– A.3d –––– (Pa.2014) (filed July 2, 2014), this Court analyzed
      cases discussing the law regarding the dismissal of jurors for

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     cause. Therein, we noted that Pennsylvania courts have
     distinguished between situations where a juror is presumed
     biased and cannot be rehabilitated by questioning from the
     court, and those jurors who through questioning indicate that
     they can be fair and impartial. While Hale and the cases
     discussed therein involved juror challenges prior to trial, we find
     the discussion therein apt in light of Appellant's contention that
     the juror should have been presumed prejudiced.

     The Hale Court quoted Commonwealth v. Colon, 223
     Pa.Super. 202, 299 A.2d 326 (Pa.Super.1972), which set forth
     that

        challenges for cause should be granted: (1) when the
        potential juror has such a close relationship, be it familial,
        financial or situational, with parties, counsel, victims, or
        witnesses, that the court will presume the likelihood of
        prejudice; and (2) when the potential juror's likelihood of
        prejudice is exhibited by his conduct and answers to
        questions at [v]oir dire.

     Colon, supra at 327 (footnote omitted).

            In the first situation, our standard of review has been
     labeled by this Court as ordinary. Colon, supra at 327–328
     (“In the former situation, the determination is practically one of
     law and as such is subject to ordinary review.”); but see
     Commonwealth v. Black, 474 Pa. 47, 376 A.2d 627 (Pa.1977)
     (trial court's decision to discharge juror who was the sister of a
     defense witness evaluated under abuse of discretion standard);
     Commonwealth v. Briggs, 608 Pa. 430, 12 A.3d 291, 332–333
     (Pa.2011) (“A trial court's decision regarding whether to
     disqualify a juror for cause is within its sound discretion and will
     not be reversed in the absence of a palpable abuse of
     discretion.”). It is apparent that what this Court has meant by
     indicating that our standard of review is ordinary is that, as a
     matter of law, it is error to allow a juror to sit and take part in
     final deliberations when he or she has a close relationship to
     certain interested individuals involved in the case.          It is
     nonetheless clear that where the relationship between the juror
     and a party, counsel, victim, or witness is not a close
     relationship, we evaluate a trial judge's decision to remove or
     not remove the juror under an abuse of discretion standard.
     Colon, supra; see also Commonwealth v. Johnson, 299

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     Pa.Super. 172, 445 A.2d 509, 512 (Pa.Super.1982);
     Commonwealth v. Lesko, 609 Pa. 128, 15 A.3d 345, 413
     (Pa.2011).

            Instantly, the juror's conduct is at issue in determining
     potential prejudice. Accordingly, we decline to view the juror as
     per se prejudiced. … In this respect, where the trial court was
     satisfied by the juror's response that he or she could remain fair
     and the trial court has had the opportunity to view the juror in
     question, we do not lightly reconsider its decision.

Commonwealth v. Pander, ---A.3d---, 2014 WL 4628565 (Pa. Super.

2014) (footnote omitted).

     Here, consistent with Pander, the juror may not be assumed to be

“per se prejudiced.” Moreover, the trial court reasoned:

           In the instant case, a juror reported that after using the
     restroom in the courthouse, she heard someone call her name.
     As the juror turned, one of the victims in this case said hello,
     and identified herself as a member of the same graduating class
     as the juror. The victim had changed her name after marriage.
     The victim asked how the juror was doing, and the juror
     answered. The conversation ended and the two hugged and
     departed the courthouse separately. While there was possibly
     some traffic from the upstairs courtroom in the hallway, no other
     jurors or participants in this case witnessed the event.

           Upon notification of these events, the Court brought the
     victim and the juror into chambers separately and questioned
     them in the presence of counsel for both parties. Both the
     victim and the juror stated that they hug everybody, and that
     the last contact that they had with each other was thirty-seven
     (37) years ago at graduation. They were not friends in high
     school, and did not participate in any extracurricular activities
     together. The juror also stated that she was able to decide the
     case impartially, and that she did not discuss the facts of the
     case with anyone, including the victim. Both were instructed not
     to discuss the encounter with anyone.

           After some discussion with counsel, Defense Counsel
     requested that the juror be excused and that the Court declare a
     mistrial. The Court determined that there was no basis for either

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      a mistrial or dismissal of the juror, as [Appellant] was not
      prejudiced by this incidental contact between people who had
      not known or contacted each other in thirty-seven (37) years.

Trial Court Opinion, 11/13/13, at 8-10 (unnumbered).

      Given the foregoing, we discern no abuse of discretion by the trial

court, such that this second issue is without merit.

      In his third issue, Appellant asserts that the trial court should have

recused from presiding over Appellant’s trial. According to Appellant, one of

the victims of the multiple crimes with which he was charged was “one of

three [magisterial district judges] in Greene County[,]” and “[g]iven the

small and interpersonal nature of Greene County, [the trial court] should

have recused [itself] and brought in an outside Judge to preside over the

trial.” Appellant’s Brief at 17.

      “An appellate court presumes judges are fair and competent, and

reviews the denial of a recusal motion for an abuse of discretion.”      In re

Lokuta, 11 A.3d 427, 435 (Pa. 2011) (citations omitted). Nevertheless, “an

appearance of impropriety is sufficient justification for the grant of new

proceedings before another judge.” Id. “A jurist’s impartiality is called into

question whenever there are factors or circumstances that may reasonably

question the jurist’s impartiality in the matter.” Id. There is no need to find

actual prejudice, but rather, the appearance of prejudice is sufficient to

warrant the grant of new proceedings.” Id.

      Our Supreme Court has summarized the law and procedure when a

party files a motion for recusal of the trial judge:

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        If a party questions the impartiality of a judge, the proper
        recourse is a motion for recusal, requesting that the judge
        make an independent, self-analysis of the ability to be
        impartial. If content with that inner examination, the
        judge must then decide whether his or her continued
        involvement in the case creates an appearance of
        impropriety and/or would tend to undermine public
        confidence in the judiciary. This assessment is a personal
        and unreviewable decision that only the jurist can make.
        Once the decision is made, it is final.

        This Court presumes judges of this Commonwealth are
        honorable, fair and competent, and, when confronted with
        a recusal demand, have the ability to determine whether
        they can rule impartially and without prejudice. The party
        who asserts a trial judge must be disqualified bears the
        burden of producing evidence establishing bias, prejudice,
        or unfairness necessitating recusal, and the decision by a
        judge against whom a plea of prejudice is made will not be
        disturbed except for an abuse of discretion.

Commonwealth v. Whitmore, 912 A.2d 827, 834 (Pa. 2006) (citations

omitted).

     Appellant did not file a pretrial motion for recusal.   Nevertheless, in

denying Appellant’s post-sentence motion denying recusal, the trial court

found the claim meritless, and explained:

           [Appellant] makes bold assertions that the Court should
        have recused itself. The only reasons [Appellant] provides
        to support his assertion is that the presiding Judge and
        [the Magisterial District Judge Leroy Watson] are both
        elected officials in the same County, and that the sentence
        issued was excessive[.] The relationship between this
        Court and [Judge] Watson was never disclosed because
        this Court has no personal relationship with [Judge]
        Watson beyond incidental contact. This Court is not the
        President Judge and has no court administrative authority.
        Had Defense counsel inquired prior to, during or after
        either trial, this Court would have informed him of the
        same. However, no such inquiry was made. Certainly

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         [Appellant] is not alleging that the Court should recuse
         itself from any case simply because counsel can draw, in
         his own head and without mention to the Court, a pencil-
         thin connection between the job description of one of the
         victims. Even if [Appellant] had requested recusal based
         on the arguments in his brief, this Court would have
         denied the same.

Trial Court Opinion, 11/13/13, at 5.

      Our review of the record supports the trial court’s conclusions.

Appellant’s claim that he did not know of a reason for recusal until after the

trial court sentenced him is inapt, as is his claim that he did not raise the

claim before trial because “a claim of impartiality [sic] against the presiding

Judge only serves as a hostile act against the person overseeing Appellant’s

case.”   Appellant’s Brief at 36-37.     Moreover, within his appellate brief,

Appellant makes the same arguments regarding the excessiveness of his

sentence that the trial court properly rejected when denying Appellant’s

post-sentence motion.     Finally, we note that Appellant received the same

sentence in each burglary conviction; although Judge Watson was one of the

victims, Appellant’s sentence for that burglary was no more severe than the

others. Thus, for all of these reasons, Appellant’s third issue fails.

      In his final claim, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred by

refusing to accept his guilty plea. According to Appellant:

          On the eve of trial the Commonwealth and Appellant
         came to an agreement on a plea offer/recommendation.
         During Appellant[’]s plea colloquy he told his version of the
         events as they happened and his involvement as well as
         admitting his guilt to the charges. The Court decided
         Appellant may have defenses to some of the cases and

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          was not satisfied with Appellant[’]s admission to
          involvement, and refused to accept Appellant’s guilty plea.

Appellant’s Brief at 40. Appellant argues that he cannot further address this

issue in his brief because, although the trial court granted his request to

have the pertinent proceedings transcribed, the “Court Reporters informed

Appellant’s Attorney some time later they could not locate this hearing

recording, and therefore could not transcribe it.” See id.

        Initially, we note that although Appellant asserts that he has not been

able to have the relevant hearing notes transcribed, he has not availed

himself of the procedures provided to recreate the record.         See Pa.R.A.P.

1923.    In addition, a trial court is not bound to accept a criminal defendant’s

guilty plea, “may refuse to accept it,” and “shall not accept it unless the

judge determines after inquiry of the defendant that the plea is voluntarily

and understandingly tendered.”           Pa.R.Crim.P. 590(A)(3).   Here, the trial

court noted that Appellant’s inability to admit guilt during the oral colloquy

vitiated Appellant’s attempt to dispose of his multiple charges by pleading

guilty. See supra.1 Also, Appellant has raised this claim for the first time in

his Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement. He is thus inappropriately raising it for the

first time on appeal. See In re B.C., 36 A.3d 601, 605 (Pa. Super. 2012)

(explaining that a Rule 1925(b) statement cannot be used to raise a claim

____________________________________________

1
 The proceedings regarding Appellant’s attempt to enter a guilty plea do not
appear as part of the trial transcript. See N.T., 10/11-12/12.

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for the first time on appeal); Pa.R.A.P. 302(a).          For the above reasons,

Appellant’s final claim does not entitle him to relief.

      In sum, because Appellant claims are not preserved properly or are

otherwise without merit, we affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/7/2014

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