Court Opinion

ID: 3217290
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-06-27 18:24:02.866576+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:39:46.167534
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

STATE OF WASHINGTON,                                   No. 75040-2-1

                     Respondent,                       DIVISION ONE

             v.

SEBASTIAN JOSEPH HALLER,                               UNPUBLISHED

                     Appellant.                        FILED: June 27, 2016

       Cox, J. - Sebastian Haller appeals his judgment and sentence. He claims

that insufficient evidence supports his witness tampering convictions. He also

claims prosecutorial misconduct and that his counsel was ineffective. Finally, he

claims several sentencing errors. In his Statement of Additional Grounds for

Review, he argues denial of his right to a speedy trial, prosecutorial misconduct,

ineffective assistance of counsel, and insufficient evidence. Because there was

no reversible error in all but two of Haller's claims, we affirm his convictions. But

we remand for resentencing for the trial court to address certain matters.

       In 2014, a confidential informant worked with the Centralia Police

Department to purchase controlled substances, including heroin, from Sebastian

Haller. The confidential informant contacted Haller through his brother, Arthur

Heilman-Haller, and made two separate purchases. Police later searched the

residence where the transactions occurred and arrested Haller.
No. 75040-2-1/2

       The State charged Haller for multiple offenses including two counts of

delivery of controlled substances near a school bus stop, possession, and

possession with intent to deliver. The State later charged Haller with three

counts of witness tampering, arising from three phone calls he made from jail.

The jury found him guilty as charged, and the trial court entered its judgment and

sentence on the verdicts.

       Haller appeals.

                            SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE

       Haller argues that insufficient evidence supports the witness tampering

convictions. We disagree.

       Due process requires the State to prove beyond a reasonable doubt every

element of a crime.1 An insufficient evidence claim "admits the truth of the

State's evidence and all reasonable inferences from that evidence."2 The critical

inquiry is "'whether the record evidence could reasonably support a finding of

guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.'"3 "[W]e view the 'evidence in the light most

favorable to the prosecution and determine whether any rational fact finder could

have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.'"4

      1 State v. Rodriguez. 187 Wn. App. 922, 930, 352 P.3d 200, review
denied, 184Wn.2d 1011 (2015).

      2Jd

      3 jd (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L.
Ed. 2d 560 (1979)).

      4 State v. Garcia, 179 Wn.2d 828, 836, 318 P.3d 266 (2014) (quoting
State v. Enqel. 166 Wn.2d 572, 576, 210 P.3d 1007 (2009)).
No. 75040-2-1/3

       "Circumstantial evidence and direct evidence can be equally reliable."5

We defer to the jury on questions regarding conflicting testimony, witness

credibility, and the persuasiveness of evidence.6

                                   Witness Tampering

       Haller argues that insufficient evidence supports the witness tampering

convictions, claiming that he did not attempt to induce false testimony. The

record proves otherwise.

       In relevant part, RCW 9A.72.120(1)(a) provides:

       A person is guilty of tampering with a witness if he or she attempts
       to induce a witness or person he or she has reason to believe is
       about to be called as a witness . . . to . . . [tjestify falsely or, without
       right or privilege to do so, to withhold any testimony.

       Additionally, "an attempt to induce a witness to withhold testimony does

not depend only upon the literal meaning of the words used. The State is entitled

to rely on the inferential meaning of the words and the context in which they were

used."7

       Here, there is sufficient evidence that Haller committed witness tampering.

In December 2014, Haller called his grandmother three times to have her relay

messages to Arthur regarding Arthur's testimony. The jury heard the recording of

the three phone calls. During the first call, Haller stated "I want him to come over

      5 Rodriguez. 187 Wn. App. at 930.

      7 State v. Rempel, 114 Wn.2d 77, 83-84, 785 P.2d 1134(1990).
No. 75040-2-1/4

and testify that the drugs were his, and ... we might be subpoenaing . .. him."8

Haller then stated "And then of course he wouldn't get in any trouble if he was to

say, yeah, they weren't [Haller's]."9

          During the second call, Haller's grandfather answered the phone, and

Haller spoke with him about the above conversation. In relevant part, Haller

stated:

          if he just says that. . . everything in the house was not mine, then I
          have a good chance of winning my case. . . . And of course they
          can't charge him again.... So if he just says that they weren't
          mine, then I should be good to go. . . . [A]sk Grandma to relay a
          message to Arthur.1101

          During the third call, Haller spoke with his grandmother again, stating:

          I want him to testify for me saying that [it] wasn't mine. . . . [H]e has
          to testify to say that it wasn't mine, and . . . [tjhere is no way that he
          can get any more charges.... All he needs to do is say that the
          drugs were not mine, and then I will not get 12 years.... So you
          have to talk him into it. You have to tell him, you know, that he
          can't get in any trouble. He won't get in any trouble at all. . . . [I]f
          Arthur comes in and says no, that they weren't [Haller's], then . ..
          I'll win my case. They can't charge him.[11]

          In these calls, Haller never directly states that he wants Arthur to lie,

change his testimony, or withhold testimony. But the jury could have inferred

beyond a reasonable doubt that Haller was attempting to instruct Arthur, through

his grandmother, on how to testify.

      8 Trial Exhibit 39 (Transcription of Phone Call Recordings at 5-6).

          9 ]d at 6.

          10 ]d at 20.

          11 Id. at 26-27, 29.
No. 75040-2-1/5

       At trial, Haller testified that he did not want Arthur to lie. He also stated

that he was concerned that Arthur would be scared of getting into more trouble

for telling the truth. Arthur also testified that neither Haller nor anyone Haller

spoke with asked him to lie.

       The jury was not required to accept this testimony as credible. Thus,

viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, a rational fact finder

could have found that Haller attempted to induce Arthur to testify falsely.

                            Witness Tampering Location

       Haller argues that insufficient evidence supports the witness tampering

conviction, claiming that the State failed to prove that the crime occurred in

Washington State. We disagree.

       In State v. Goble. Kenneth Goble made a similar argument, claiming that

insufficient evidence supported the location element for assaulting an officer.12

The instruction required the jury to find that the crime occurred in Lewis County,

Washington.13 Division Two of this court concluded there was sufficient

evidence, stating "[t]he evidence at trial. . . established that the offense occurred

in Morton [Washington], that Goble was charged in Lewis County, and that [the

officer] was a Lewis County Sheriff Deputy. And, given that the case was heard

in the Lewis County Superior Court, [and that] the jurors were also from Lewis

       12 131 Wn. App. 194, 200, 126 P.3d 821 (2005).

       13 Id.
No. 75040-2-1/6

Countyt,] [t]he evidence was sufficient to allow a reasonable jury to find this

element."14

       Similarly, there is sufficient evidence that Haller committed witness

tampering in Washington State. First, the jury heard the phone call recordings

stating that an inmate was calling from the Lewis County Jail. Second, Haller

testified that he wanted Arthur to "come back over to Lewis County" to testify.

Third, Haller was charged and incarcerated in Lewis County Washington and the

trial occurred there.

       Thus, according to Goble and viewing the evidence in the light most

favorable to the State, a rational fact finder could have found that Haller

committed the crime in Washington.

                   INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL

       Haller argues that his counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to

make certain arguments and objections. We disagree.

       Both the federal and state constitutions provide the right to counsel.15 The

right to counsel includes the right to effective assistance of counsel.16

       To establish an ineffective assistance claim, the defendant must first show

that counsel's performance was deficient.17 This requirement involves showing

       14 Id at 201-02.

       15 U.S. Const, amend. VI; Const, art. I, § 22.

       16 Strickland v. Washington. 466 U.S. 668, 686, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed.
2d 674 (1984); State v. Crawford. 159 Wn.2d 86, 97, 147 P.3d 1288 (2006).

       17 Strickland. 466 U.S. at 687.
No. 75040-2-1/7

that counsel's performance "fell below an objective standard of

reasonableness."18 Judicial scrutiny of counsel's performance is "highly

deferential."19

       We make every effort "to eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight, to

reconstruct the circumstances of counsel's challenged conduct, and to evaluate

the conduct from counsel's perspective at the time."20 "[A] court must indulge a

strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of

reasonable professional assistance; that is, the defendant must overcome the

presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged action 'might be

considered sound trial strategy.'"21 "[A] defendant rebuts this presumption when

no conceivable legitimate tactic exists to explain counsel's performance."22

       Second, the defendant must show that the deficient performance

prejudiced the defense.23 Prejudice is defined as "a reasonable probability that,

but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have

       18 |d at 688.

       19 |d at 689.

       20 id

       21 id (quoting Michel v. Louisiana. 350 U.S. 91, 101, 76 S. Ct. 158, 100 L.
Ed. 83(1955)).

       22 State v. Mavnard. 183 Wn.2d 253, 260, 351 P.3d 159 (2015).

       23 Strickland. 466 U.S. at 687.
No. 75040-2-1/8

been different."24 "A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to

undermine confidence in the outcome."25

       We review de novo whether a defendant received ineffective assistance of

counsel.26

       Here, Haller argues that his counsel was ineffective for three reasons.

First, he claims counsel was ineffective by eliciting testimony about Haller's

incarceration. Second, he claims counsel was ineffective by failing to object to

the testimony about Haller's incarceration. Lastly, he claims counsel was

ineffective by failing to argue "same criminal conduct" for the possession and

witness tampering charges. We conclude that Haller fails to show that his

counsel's performance "fell below an objective standard of reasonableness."27

       As to Haller's first and second claims, counsel cross-examined the

confidential informant, asking about her relationship with Haller and whether she

spoke with him before a certain date. The informant testified:

               I've met him a few times. He's not my brother-in-law. He's
               not my kid's uncle. He's nothing to me. I don't really know
               [him]. He's always been in prison for this.... I don't really
               think I've sat and had a conversation with [him]. Like I said,
               he's been in prison . .. .[28]

       24 id at 694.

       25 id

       26 Mavnard. 183 Wn.2d at 259.

       27 Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688.

       28 Report of Proceedings Vol. 1 (February 23, 2015) at 88.

                                                8
No. 75040-2-1/9

       Additionally, during counsel's cross-examination of Arthur, counsel asked

about an interaction with Haller, where Arthur responded "[w]e had a nice talk

over things that I had done when he was in prison.... I had stole [sic] some of

his things."29 Counsel then asked Arthur if Haller had been upset with him for

stealing "things while [Haller] was incarcerated."30

       This testimony demonstrates that counsel's questions were not designed

to elicit testimony about Haller's incarceration. Rather, the witnesses

volunteered that information in their responses. And although counsel mentioned

Haller's incarceration when questioning Arthur, there is no dispute that Haller

was incarcerated, as evident from the phone call recording played for the jury.

Thus, an objection to the responses was not required.

       Accordingly, Haller fails to show how his counsel's conduct during the

witnesses' testimony "fell below an objective standard of reasonableness."31 We

reject his first claim.

       Haller relies on State v. Saunders for his argument, where Division Two of

this court determined that Lee Saunders established his ineffective assistance

claim.32 But that case is distinguishable because counsel asked Saunders

whether he had prior convictions for similar possession offenses.33 And

       29 id at 120.

       30 id

       31 Strickland. 466 U.S. at 688.

       32 91 Wn. App. 575, 577, 958 P.2d 364 (1998).

       33 Id. at 578.
No. 75040-2-1/10

Division Two of this court included ER 609 in its analysis, the impeachment rule

regarding convictions, when determining whether counsel's performance was

deficient.34

       The testimony at issue in this case mentioned Haller's incarceration, not

convictions. We reject this claim as well.

       As to Haller's third claim, he argues that his multiple possession charges

are the same criminal conduct, constituting one crime for sentencing purposes.

He also makes this argument regarding his multiple witnesses tampering

charges. Thus, he claims his counsel was ineffective in failing to argue "same

criminal conduct," resulting in prejudice.

       But as explained earlier, the three witness tampering charges are

separate offenses and are not one crime. Thus, Haller fails to show deficient

performance. And as to the trial court's treatment of the three possession

charges as one crime, we are remanding this issue for clarification. Thus, Haller

fails to show prejudice.

       Haller also claims that his counsel was ineffective in failing to object to the

confidential informant's testimony that Arthur was afraid of Haller. Because he

fails to support this claim with argument, we need not address it.35

       34 id at 579.

       35 See Darkenwald v. Emp't Sec. Dep't, 183 Wn.2d 237, 248, 350 P.3d
647 (2015); RAP 10.3(a)(6).

                                             10
No. 75040-2-1/11

                        PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT

       Haller argues that the prosecutor committed misconduct, claiming that the

prosecutor argued facts not in evidence. We disagree.

       We "review alleged prosecutorial misconduct in 'the context of the total

argument, the issues in the case, the evidence [addressed in the argument], and

the instructions given to the jury.'"36 "'[M]isconduct is to be judged not so much

by what was said or done as by the effect which is likely to flow therefrom.'"37

       It is improper for prosecutors to argue facts not in evidence.38 But in

closing argument, the prosecutor "has wide latitude to argue reasonable

inferences from the evidence."39 "The fact that evidence not admitted contradicts

that inference is not relevant to the question here."40

       A defendant waives the misconduct issue by failing to object or request a

curative instruction at trial, "unless the conduct was so flagrant and ill intentioned

that an instruction could not have cured the resulting prejudice."41 This

heightened standard requires that a defendant "show that (1) 'no curative

       36 State v. Robinson. 189 Wn. App. 877, 893, 359 P.3d 874 (2015)
(alteration in original) (quoting State v. Emery. 174 Wn.2d 741, 764 n. 14, 278
P.3d 653 (2012)).

       37 Emery. 174 Wn.2d at 762 (quoting State v. Navone. 186 Wash. 532,
538, 58 P.2d 1208 (1936)).

       38 State v. Turner. 167 Wn. App. 871, 882, 275 P.3d 356 (2012).

       39 State v. Thorgerson. 172 Wn.2d 438, 448, 258 P.3d 43 (2011).

     40 State v. Allen, 161 Wn. App. 727, 748, 255 P.3d 784 (2011), affd, 176
Wn.2d 611, 294 P.3d 679 (2013).

       41 State v. Lindsay. 180 Wn.2d 423, 430, 326 P.3d 125 (2014).

                                          11
No. 75040-2-1/12

instruction would have obviated any prejudicial effect on the jury' and (2) the

misconduct resulted in prejudice that 'had a substantial likelihood of affecting the

jury verdict.'"42 Additionally, when the defendant fails to object, it "'strongly

suggests to a court that the argument or event in question did not appear

critically prejudicial to an appellant in the context of the trial.'"43

       Here, during closing argument, the prosecutor stated, "these phone calls

were made in the state of Washington."44 Haller did not object.

       The prosecutor's argument was not improper because it was a reasonable

inference from the evidence. As previously discussed, there is sufficient

evidence that Haller committed witness tampering in Washington State. The jury

heard the phone call recordings stating that an inmate was calling from the Lewis

County Jail. Haller also testified that he wanted Arthur to "come back over to

Lewis County" to testify. Further, Haller was charged and incarcerated in Lewis

County, Washington, and the trial occurred there. Thus, the prosecutor's

argument was a reasonable inference from the evidence and not improper.

       In sum, Haller was not prejudiced by the prosecutor's argument.

       Haller also relies on a different statement the prosecutor made during

rebuttal closing regarding witness tampering, claiming that the prosecutor's

conduct was flagrant and ill intentioned.

       42 Emery, 174 Wn.2d at 761 (quoting Thorgerson. 172 Wn.2d at 455).

       43 State v. McKenzie. 157 Wn.2d 44, 53 n.2, 134 P.3d 221 (2006) (quoting
State v. Swan. 114 Wn.2d 613, 661, 790 P.2d 610 (1990)).

       44 Report of Proceedings Vol. 3 (February 25, 2015) at 329.

                                             12
No. 75040-2-1/13

       In rebuttal closing, the prosecutor stated:

       [T]his particular aspect caused me problems because of the final
       element that this occurred in the state of Washington. There was a
       stipulation that indicated where this crime occurred.1451

After that statement, counsel objected, and the court sustained the objection.

Haller did not request a curative instruction.

       Haller claims that the prosecutor provided the missing element to the jury,

and that the jury would not have found that the State satisfied its burden if the

prosecutor did not make that statement. But Haller fails to argue how the

statement was flagrant and ill intentioned.

       And "[a]n objection which does not specify the particular ground upon

which it is based is insufficient to preserve the question for appellate review."46

Counsel failed to specify the basis for his objection, and Haller does not argue

that the basis was apparent from the context. Thus, the objection is insufficient

to preserve the question for appellate review. We do not address this any

further.

       Lastly, in Haller's assignments of error, he claims that the prosecutor

committed misconduct by commenting on his right to remain silent, thus inferring

guilt by silence. But he fails to mention this claim again. Thus, Haller abandoned

this claim.47

       45 id at 368.

       46 State v. Gulov. 104 Wn.2d 412, 422, 705 P.2d 1182 (1985).

       47 Prostov v. Dep't of Licensing. 186 Wn. App. 795, 823, 349 P.3d 874
(2015).

                                          13
No. 75040-2-1/14

                                    SENTENCING

                                    Enhancements

         Haller argues that the trial court erred by imposing sentencing

enhancements that run consecutively to each other. We agree.

         When interpreting statutes, we determine the legislative intent from the

statute's plain language and its context in the statutory scheme.48 We review de

novo questions of statutory interpretation.49

         The sentencing enhancement statute at issue, RCW 9.94A.533(6),

provides:

                An additional twenty-four months shall be added to the
         standard sentence range .... All enhancements under this
         subsection shall run consecutively to all other sentencing
         provisions, for all offenses sentenced under this chapter.

         This statute requires that trial courts run certain enhancements

consecutively to the base sentence and not run the enhancements consecutively

to each other.50

         Here, the trial court ran three sentencing enhancements consecutively to

each other in Haller's sentence. The State properly concedes this error. Thus,

we reverse the trial court's sentence and remand for resentencing to correct this

error.

         48 State v. Conover. 183 Wn.2d 706, 711, 355 P.3d 1093 (2015).

         49 id

         50 Id. at 719.

                                          14
No. 75040-2-1/15

                                  Double Jeopardy

       Haller argues that the trial court's sentencing violated his right to be free

from double jeopardy. We disagree.

      The double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment and article I, section 9

of the Washington Constitution protect defendants against multiple punishments

for the same offense.51 "[W]hen a defendant is convicted of multiple violations of

the same statute, the double jeopardy question focuses on what 'unit of

prosecution' the Legislature intends as the punishable act under the statute."52

      We review de novo whether a criminal defendant is placed in double

jeopardy.53

                                 Witness Tampering

      Haller argues that the trial court's sentencing violated his right to be free

from double jeopardy, claiming there was only one unit of prosecution for witness

tampering, not three. We disagree.

      In State v. Hall, the supreme court held what constituted a unit of

prosecution for witness tampering case under a former statute.54 There, Isiah

Hall attempted to a call a witness from jail over 1,200 times to persuade her to

      51 State v. Fuller. 185 Wn.2d 30, 33, 367 P.3d 1057 (2016).

      52 State v. Westling. 145 Wn.2d 607, 610, 40 P.3d 669 (2002) (quoting in
re Pers. Restraint of Davis. 142 Wn.2d 165, 172, 12 P.3d 603 (2000)).

      53 Fuller. 185Wn.2dat34.

      54 168 Wn.2d 726, 731-38, 230 P.3d 1048 (2010).

                                         15
No. 75040-2-1/16

not testify or to testify falsely.55 The supreme court concluded that Hall

committed one crime of witness tampering, stating "the unit of prosecution is the

ongoing attempt to persuade a witness not to testify in a proceeding."56

       In 2011, the legislature amended the witness tampering statute in

response to Hall to provide that "each instance of an attempt to tamper with a

witness constitutes a separate offense."57 The legislature specifically stated that

"it intend[ed] to clarify that each instance of an attempt to . . . tamper with a

witness constitutes a separate violation for purposes of determining the unit of

prosecution" under the witness tampering statute.58

       Here, the State charged Haller with three counts of witness tampering,

arising from the three phone calls he made to his grandparents from jail.

According to the statute in effect at the time of Haller's actions, each phone call

Haller made constitutes a separate offense. Thus, Haller was not placed in

double jeopardy, and his three witness tampering convictions stand.

                                     Possession

       Haller next argues that the trial court violated his right to be free from

double jeopardy, claiming there was only one unit of prosecution for possession,

not three. This is not a double jeopardy issue, but one of same criminal conduct.

       55 id at 729.

       56 id at 734.

       57 RCW 9A.72.120(3).

       58 H.B. 1182, 62nd Leg., Reg. Sess. (Wash. 2011).

                                           16
No. 75040-2-1/17

      Under RCW 9.94A.589(1)(a), if a trial court enters a finding that some of

the current offenses encompass the same criminal conduct, then those current

offenses shall be counted as one crime. In State v. Vike, the supreme court held

that "concurrent counts involving simultaneous simple possession of more than

one controlled substance encompass[es] the same criminal conduct for

sentencing purposes."59

      A finding of "same criminal conduct" "favors the defendant by lowering the

offender score below the presumed score."60 If the trial court miscalculates the

offender score, remand is necessary unless the record clearly shows that the trial

court would have imposed the same sentence.61

       Here, the State concedes error in the judgment and sentence, stating that

the possession charges should have been denoted as encompassing the same

criminal conduct. But the State argues that this error did not impact the court's

determination of Haller's offender score or his sentence because the trial court

properly treated the possession charges as one crime.

       Conversely, Haller argues that this error was not harmless because it is

uncertain whether the trial court would have imposed the same high end

sentence. He specifically claims that his offender score would be reduced if the

trial court did not treat his possession charges as one crime.

       59 125 Wn.2d 407, 412-13, 885 P.2d 824 (1994).

       60 State v. Graciano, 176 Wn.2d 531, 539, 295 P.3d 219 (2013) (emphasis
omitted).

       61 State v. Tili. 148 Wn.2d 350, 358, 60 P.3d 1192 (2003).

                                         17
No. 75040-2-1/18

       We remand on this issue. The trial court should explicitly indicate in the

judgment and sentence whether the possession charges were treated as one

crime. If they were not treated as one crime, and if this error affected the

calculation of Haller's offender score or sentence, the trial court should

resentence Haller accordingly.

                            Legal Financial Obligations

       Haller argues that the trial court improperly imposed legal financial

obligations without determining Haller's ability to pay. We agree.

       RCW 10.01.160(3) provides:

             The court shall not order a defendant to pay costs unless the
       defendant is or will be able to pay them. In determining the amount
       and method of payment of costs, the court shall take account of the
       financial resources of the defendant and the nature of the burden
       that payment of costs will impose.

       The supreme court has stated that "the record must reflect that the

superior court conducted an individualized inquiry into the defendant's present

and future ability to pay such obligations."62 This inquiry includes consideration

of "incarceration and a defendant's other debts, including restitution."63

Boilerplate language within a judgment and sentence stating that the court

engaged in the required inquiry is not sufficient.64

     62 State v. Marks. 185 Wn.2d 143, 145, 368 P.3d 485 (2016) (per curiam)
(emphasis added).

       63 State v. Blazina, 182 Wn.2d 827, 839, 344 P.3d 680 (2015).

       64 See id. at 838.

                                          18
No. 75040-2-1/19

        But a defendant's ability to pay should not be taken into account when trial

courts impose mandatory obligations, such as victim restitution, victim

assessments, DNA fees, and criminal filing fees.65

       While we may decline to review this issue if raised for the first time on

appeal, RAP 2.5(a) grants appellate courts discretion to accept review of claimed

errors not appealed as a matter of right.66

       Here, Haller raises this issue for the first time on appeal. But we accept

review of this issue and remand it to the trial court for a determination of Haller's

ability to pay.

       During sentencing, the trial court imposed mandatory and non-mandatory

financial obligations. The court attempted to order a payment plan of $25 per

month, stating that Haller will have the opportunity to work while incarcerated.

The court explained to Haller how he could get credit for work done, but Haller

did not want the credit. The court then ordered that Haller pay $25 per month

upon his release.

       But the record does not show that the trial court conducted an inquiry into

whether Haller had the ability to pay the $2,400 non-mandatory obligation after

his release. The record shows that the trial court did not inquire into Haller's

income and debts. The financial obligation provision in the judgment and

sentence that contains boilerplate language is an insufficient inquiry. Despite this

       65 State v. Lundv. 176 Wn. App. 96, 102, 308 P.3d 755 (2013).

       66 Blazina. 182 Wn.2d at 834-35.

                                          19
No. 75040-2-1/20

lack of inquiry, the trial court executed an Order of Indigency authorizing Haller to

seek review at public expense.

       Because the trial court did not inquire into Haller's future ability to pay the

legal financial obligations, we reverse the imposition of the obligations and

remand for a determination of Haller's ability to pay.

                                APPELLATE COSTS

       Haller also argues that we should exercise our discretion and deny the

State appellate costs ifthe State substantially prevails. He specifically argues

that he has no ability to pay these costs, stating it is unlikely that he will obtain

gainful employment upon his release due to his criminal history.

       As previously stated, the trial court entered an Order of Indigency

authorizing Haller to seek review at public expense. Because there is no

showing that Haller's financial condition has improved or is likely to improve, we

presume that Haller remains indigent. An award to the State for appellate costs

would be inappropriate under these circumstances.

                    STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL GROUNDS

       Pursuant to RAP 10.10, Haller raises four additional grounds for review,

arguing denial of his right to a speedy trial, prosecutorial misconduct, ineffective

assistance of counsel, and insufficient evidence.

                                     Speedy Trial

       Under CrR 3.3(d)(3), a party must object to a trial date set outside the

speedy trial time limit within 10 days after receiving notice of the trial date.

                                           20
No. 75040-2-1/21

        Here, the trial court dealt with the speedy trial issue when Haller moved to

dismiss this case. There, the parties discussed the timeline of events, and the

trial court denied the motion. Neither party disputed that Haller's counsel failed

to object to the trial date in accordance with CrR 3.3(d)(3). Thus, because Haller

failed to object within 10 days of notice of his trial date, he lost his right to object

to the trial date.

                               Prosecutorial Misconduct

       As to Haller's prosecutorial misconduct claim, he argues that the

prosecutor argued facts not in evidence. He specifically relies on the

prosecutor's statement during rebuttal closing argument stating:

          I want to talk about credibility of witnesses. You have
       an instruction on bias. You are to look at things like who
       has the most to gain, who has the most to lose and just
       overall reasonableness of testimony. In this particular
       case, the defendant is the only one with something to lose
       and something to gain. No testimony has shown that the
       officers gain anything or lose anything from this.[67]

       Counsel objected but did not state the basis for the objection. The trial

court allowed the prosecutor to continue.

       As previously stated, "[a]n objection which does not specify the particular

ground upon which it is based is insufficient to preserve the question for

appellate review."68

       Here, counsel failed to specify the basis for his objection, and Haller does

not argue that the basis was apparent from the context. Thus, the objection is

       67 Report of Proceedings Vol. 3 (February 25, 2015) at 369.

       68 Gulov. 104Wn.2dat422.

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No. 75040-2-1/22

insufficient to preserve the question for appellate review. We do not address this

any further.

                         Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

        Haller raises four ineffective assistance of counsel claims. First, he claims

that counsel failed to object to the trial date. Second, he claims that counsel

failed to submit a transport order for Arthur's jail transfer to secure him as a

witness. Third, he claims that counsel failed to obtain a suppression hearing.

Lastly, he claims that counsel failed to object to the confidential informant's

testimony about Haller's incarceration. This last claim has already been

addressed earlier.

       This record is inadequate to review the other three claims, and we decline

to review them. "Because these allegations rest on matters that are outside the

record, they cannot be considered on direct appeal."69 "The appropriate means

of raising matters outside our record is through the filing of a personal restraint

petition."70

                               Sufficiency of Evidence

        Lastly, Haller argues that insufficient evidence supports his delivery and

possession with intent convictions. But the record contains sufficient evidence

for these crimes.

       69 State v. Kinzle. 181 Wn. App. 774, 786, 326 P.3d 870, review denied.
181 Wn.2d 1019(2014).

       70 State v. Hart. 188 Wn. App. 453, 466, 353 P.3d 253 (2015).

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No. 75040-2-1/23

       As to the first delivery charge, Arthur testified that Haller weighed the

heroin and that it was on a nightstand. He then stated that the confidential

informant picked up the heroin and placed money on the nightstand. Arthur

testified that Haller picked up the money. The confidential informant also testified

to the transaction.

       As to the second delivery charge, Arthur testified to receiving heroin from

Haller before Haller went out of town. Arthur testified that Haller wanted him to

sell the heroin and expected money upon his return. The confidential informant

testified to this transaction as well.

       And as to the possession with intent to deliver charge, officers testified to

their search and seizure of evidence. And a witness from the state crime

laboratory testified to his testing of the evidence.

       Thus, sufficient evidence supports Haller's delivery and possession with

intent convictions.

       We affirm the Haller's convictions. But we remand for resentencing for the

trial court to address the sentence enhancements, legal financial obligations, and

possession issues.

                                                             <&x,nJ-
WE CONCUR:

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