Court Opinion

ID: 6326979
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-03-25 17:03:16.91697+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:22:18.997693
License: Public Domain

2022 IL App (1st) 210842U

                                                                             FIFTH DIVISION
                                                                   Order filed: March 25, 2022

                                        No. 1-21-0842

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the
limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
______________________________________________________________________________

                                           IN THE

                             APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                                FIRST DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

RAJEEV JUTLA,                                              )   Appeal from the
                                                           )   Circuit Court of
       Plaintiff-Appellee,                                 )   Cook County.
                                                           )
v.                                                         )   No. 20 CH 4546
                                                           )
JEFFREY B. DOVITZ; SANDA L. MAKOWKA; and                   )
COHEN DOVITZ MAKOWKA, LLC f/k/a COHEN                      )
JUTLA DOVITA MAKOWKA, LLC,                                 )   Honorable
                                                           )   Raymond W. Mitchell,
       Defendants-Appellants.                              )   Judge, presiding.

       JUSTICE HOFFMAN delivered the judgment of the court.
       Presiding Justice Delort and Justice Cunningham concurred in the judgment.

                                         ORDER

¶1    Held: We affirm the circuit’s order confirming an arbitration award over the Defendants’
            arguments that the arbitrator exceeded his authority and that the award was
            imperfect as to matters of form.

¶2    Attorneys Jeffrey B. Dovitz and Sandra L. Makowka and the law firm of Cohen Dovitz

Makowka, LLC f/k/a Cohen Jutla Dovitz Makowka, LLC (“the Firm,” and collectively, “the
No. 1-21-0842

Defendants”), appeal a circuit court order confirming an arbitration award entered in favor of

former firm partner Rajeev Jutla. Because the Defendants have presented no valid basis for

vacating or modifying the award, we affirm the circuit court’s order.

¶3     The following factual recitation is derived from the pleadings and exhibits of record.

¶4     In 2017, Jutla and Dovitz merged their practice with that of Makowka and David T. Cohen.

The newly formed firm’s only active members were Jutla, Dovitz, and Makowka, with each having

an equal interest in the Firm. Cohen took a passive membership interest in the Firm and agreed to

a buyout of that interest over a five-year period in exchange for the Firm’s acquisition of his

established client relationships.

¶5     In 2019, Dovitz and Makowka expelled Jutla from the firm, the details of which are not

relevant to the issues on appeal. In the aftermath of the expulsion, Jutla filed a statement of claim

requesting arbitration of several claims against the Defendants.

¶6     In his subsequent and operative amended statement of claim, Jutla raised five claims for

relief: (1) breach of the Firm’s operating agreement related to the alleged improper expulsion of

Jutla from the Firm, for which Jutla sought monetary damages; (2) breach of fiduciary duty, for

which Jutla sought monetary damages; (3) breach of the Firm’s operating agreement related to the

failure to allow Jutla to conduct an accounting of the Firm’s accounts, for which Jutla sought the

desired accounting; (4) breach of the Firm’s operating agreement related to unpaid distributions,

for which Jutla sought the payment of the unpaid distributions; and (5) defamation, for which Jutla

sought compensatory and punitive monetary damages.

¶7     The parties’ selected arbitrator conducted a three-day evidentiary hearing and then entered

the award at issue in this appeal. The award declared simply that “[t]he claim of Claimant [Jutla]

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No. 1-21-0842

is granted” and ordered Dovitz, Makowka, and the Firm, jointly and severally, to pay Jutla

$291,516.14 in compensatory damages and $67,200 in attorney fees. The award further provided

that it was “in full settlement of all claims and counterclaims submitted to this arbitration” and that

“[a]ll claims and counterclaims not expressly granted herein are hereby denied.”

¶8     The Defendants then filed a request for clarification. They asserted that it was unclear

which of Jutla’s claims the arbitrator had granted and claimed that it was impossible to decipher

which portion of the damages was attributable to Dovitz and Makowka individually and which

portion was to be paid by the Firm. They alleged that this latter ambiguity had distinct tax-reporting

implications for the Firm. The Defendants therefore requested that the arbitrator clarify the

disposition of each individual count and the itemization of the compensatory damages.

¶9     The arbitrator denied the request. He noted that the parties had specifically asked that he

issue, in their words, a “standard (non-reasoned award) that delineates between compensatory and

punitive damages,” and he believed that the award complied with that directive. The arbitrator also

observed that American Arbitration Association rules limited clarifications to clerical-type errors

and did not allow the type of clarification that the Defendants requested.

¶ 10   With the arbitration thus concluded, Jutla applied for the circuit court to confirm the award

in accordance with section 11 of the Uniform Arbitration Act (“the Arbitration Act”) (710 ILCS

5/11 (West 2020)). The Defendants objected to the confirmation of the award, petitioning instead

for the circuit court to vacate the award pursuant to section 12 of the Arbitration Act on the grounds

that the arbitrator exceeded his authority by failing to decide all of the issues submitted for

arbitration, by failing to adhere to the Firm’s operating agreement’s method of valuing Jutla’s

membership interest, and by finding the Defendants to be jointly and severally liable for the entire

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No. 1-21-0842

damage award. See id. § 12. Alternatively, the Defendants requested that the circuit court order

the arbitrator to modify or correct the award pursuant to section 13 of the Arbitration Act on the

grounds that the alleged errors rendered the award imperfect in a matter of form. See id. § 13.

¶ 11   The circuit court denied the Defendants’ petition for vacation or modification of the award

and granted Jutla’s application for confirmation of the award. In doing so, the court reasoned that

the arbitrator had faithfully complied with the parties’ instruction that he issue a standard, non-

reasoned order. The court also found that the award presented no reason to believe that the

arbitrator had utilized an incorrect method of valuing Jutla’s membership interest, and it saw no

error in holding Dovitz and Makowka jointly and severally liable. This appeal follows.

¶ 12   “The standard of review of a circuit court's decision to confirm an arbitration award is de

novo.” Asset Acceptance, LLC v. Tyler, 2012 IL App (1st) 093559, ¶ 42. But the Illinois Supreme

Court “has consistently recognized that the judicial review of an arbitral award is extremely

limited.” American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees, AFL-CIO v. Department

of Central Management Services, 173 Ill. 2d 299, 304 (1996) (citing American Federation of State,

County & Municipal Employees v. State of Illinois, 124 Ill. 2d 246, 254 (1988); Board of Trustees

of Community College District No. 508 v. Cook County College Teachers Union, Local 1600, 74

Ill. 2d 412, 418 (1979)). Indeed, “[i]t is well established that judicial review of an arbitral award

is intended to be more limited than appellate review of a trial court judgment.” Roubik v. Merrill

Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 181 Ill. 2d 373, 381 (1998) (citing Rauh v. Rockford Products

Corp., 143 Ill. 2d 377, 386 (1991); Garver v. Ferguson, 76 Ill. 2d 1, 8 (1979); Merritt v. Merritt,

11 Ill. 565, 567–68 (1850)).

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No. 1-21-0842

¶ 13   Consistent with this narrow standard of review, “an arbitrator's award will not be set aside

because of his errors in judgment or mistakes of law or fact.” Garver, 76 Ill. at 7. There is good

reason for this approach:

                “ ‘Arbitrators are judges chosen by the parties to decide the matters submitted to

       them, finally and without appeal. As a mode of settling disputes it should receive every

       encouragement from courts of equity. If the award is within the submission, and contains

       the honest decision of the arbitrators, after a full and fair hearing of the parties, a court of

       equity will not set it aside for error either in law or fact. A contrary course would be a

       substitution of the judgment of the Chancellor in place of the judges chosen by the parties,

       and would make an award the commencement, not the end, of litigation.’ ”

Id. at 9 (quoting Burchell v. Marsh, 58 U.S. 344, 349 (1854)).

¶ 14   The Defendants first make two distinct arguments as to why the award should be vacated.

They contend that by failing to make delineated findings as to which counts were granted and,

more specifically, by failing to make an express finding as to the value of Jutla’s membership

interest in the Firm, the arbitrator acted in excess of his authority and failed to provide requisite

finality on the issues submitted for arbitration. We see no merit to these arguments.

¶ 15   Subsection 12(a)(3) of the Arbitration Act provides that an arbitration award shall be

vacated when an arbitrator exceeds his or her powers. 710 ILCS 5/12(a)(3) (West 2020). The

bounds of this authority are generally set forth by the parties. See Rauh, 143 Ill. 2d at 387; see also

Western Employers Insurance Co. v. Jefferies & Co., Inc., 958 F.2d 258, 262 (9th Cir. 1992)

(holding that an arbitration panel exceeded its authority by not providing a statement of facts and

conclusions of law when the parties had specifically contracted for such a detailed order in their

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No. 1-21-0842

arbitration agreement). Based on the directives from the parties in this case, the arbitrator did not

exceed his authority. To the contrary, the award’s brevity was entirely consistent with the parties’

joint instruction that the arbitrator issue a “standard (non-reasoned award) that delineates between

compensatory and punitive damages.” Because the arbitrator did not deviate from the parties’

instructions and appears to have issued an award substantially in the form requested, we cannot

say that he exceeded his authority.

¶ 16   Second, the Defendants assert that the unelaborated award should be vacated because it

violated the judicially created requirement that an award dispose of all matters properly submitted

for consideration. See Harris v. Allied American Insurance Co., 152 Ill. App. 3d 88, 89 (1st Dist.

1987). In this case, the Defendants are particularly concerned with the valuation of Jutla’s

membership interest in the Firm. Central to this argument is the Defendants’ contention that Jutla

had in fact sought a determination of the value of that interest, a valuation that the arbitrator did

not expressly provide in the award. However, in his amended statement of claim Jutla did not

request only a valuation of his membership interest, but rather “monetary damages” compensating

him for, among other things, “[t]the loss of the full value of his membership interest in the Firm.”

¶ 17   A valuation would presumably be a necessary step in determining the amount of the

compensation, but the valuation itself was not Jutla’s desired relief. Accordingly, a ruling granting

him the damages requested, without an express finding as to how much of the damage award was

attributable to the lost membership interest, was consistent with Jutla’s prayer for relief,

particularly when viewed within the context of the parties’ request for a non-reasoned award. The

arbitrator, therefore, was not required to specifically address the valuation issue, and his failure to

do so does not present grounds for vacation of the award.

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No. 1-21-0842

¶ 18   Looking beyond that discrete matter to the award as a whole, the award provided the

requisite finality as to all of the issues submitted. The award stated that it was “in full settlement

of all claims and counterclaims submitted to this arbitration” and declared that “[a]ll claims and

counterclaims not expressly granted herein are hereby denied.” Thus, although the arbitrator did

not specify which claims were granted or denied, the award provided a final ruling on all issues.

Because it provided such finality, vacation of the award is not warranted on this basis either.

¶ 19   In the alternative, the Defendants also argue that for two reasons the award should be

modified under subsection 13(a)(3) of the Arbitration Act as being “imperfect in a matter of form,

not affecting the merits of the controversy.” 710 ILCS 5/13(a)(3) (West 2020); see also id. § 9

(providing for modification as permitted by section 13). The first alleged imperfection is the

arbitrator’s above-discussed failure to provide an express finding regarding the value of Jutla’s

membership interest in the Firm. However, in the absence of a directive from the parties to the

contrary, “ ‘[a]rbitrators are not required to state the reasons for their award, and commercial

arbitration awards, unlike labor awards, are rarely accompanied by written opinions. The policy

underlying this practice seems sound. The parties expect to have their controversy settled with

speed and finality.’ ” Del Bianco Associates, Inc. v. Adam, 6 Ill. App. 3d 286, 296 (1st Dist. 1972)

(quoting Domke on Commercial Arbitration, § 29.06 (1st ed. 1965)) (holding that the form of an

arbitration award was sufficient when it “recited the parties to the proceedings, the finding of the

arbitrator, [and] the amount of damages”); Podolsky v. Raskin, 294 Ill. 443, 454 (1920) (“It was

not necessary for the award to be clothed in technical language or to state each matter considered

or that the evidence be set out to show how the arbitrators reached their conclusions of law or fact.

A simple announcement of the result of their investigation and deliberations is all the law

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No. 1-21-0842

requires.”). The failure to provide detailed findings in this case is not an imperfection as to a matter

of form requiring correction.

¶ 20   The second alleged deficiency as to the form of the award concerns the arbitrator’s decision

to find Dovitz and Makowka jointly and severally liable for Jutla’s damages. The Defendants

contend that this finding was erroneous because Dovitz and Makowka were acting in their capacity

as managers of the Firm, an LLC, and therefore cannot be held personally liable for the Firm’s

liabilities. However, the Defendants provide no support for their conclusory assertion that this

alleged error concerns a matter of form that can be corrected under subsection 13(a)(3). Rather,

this appears to be a complaint about an alleged error of law, and “gross errors of judgment in law

or gross mistakes of fact will not vitiate an award, unless the mistake or error appears on the face

of the award.” Lemna v. Harry F. Shea & Co., 256 Ill. App. 3d 916, 920 (1st Dist. 1993). Given

the unelaborated nature of the award in this case, no such gross error of law appears on the face of

the award. Correction of the award on this basis is therefore unwarranted.

¶ 21   For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court's order confirming the award.

¶ 22   Affirmed.

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