Court Opinion

ID: 4035223
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-20 16:11:40.069254+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:39:30.007259
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                                AT JACKSON
                                      August 16, 2016 Session

      SCOTT B. PEATROSS, AS ADMINISTRATOR AD LITEM OF THE
                    ESTATE OF DORA BIRK1 V.
             GRACELAND NURSING CENTER, LLC, ET AL.

                      Appeal from the Circuit Court for Shelby County
                        No. CT-002349-12      D’Army Bailey, Judge

                No. W2015-01412-COA-R3-CV – Filed September 20, 2016

This is a health care liability action.2 The plaintiff filed suit against the defendants
concerning the inadequate care and treatment received by the decedent. He then
amended his complaint to add the defendant hospital as a party after the defendants
alleged comparative fault. The defendant hospital moved to dismiss, arguing that the
failure to attach a certificate of good faith applicable to it required dismissal. The trial
court granted the motion to dismiss, citing this court’s opinion in Sirbaugh v. Vanderbilt
University, 469 S.W.3d 46 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2014). The plaintiff appeals. We affirm.

         Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court
                             Affirmed; Case Remanded

JOHN W. MCCLARTY, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which ARNOLD B. GOLDIN
and BRANDON O. GIBSON, JJ., joined.

Peter B. Gee, Jr., Memphis, Tennessee, and Brian G. Brooks, Greenbriar, Arkansas, for
the appellant, Scott B. Peatross, as administrator ad litem of the estate of Dora Birk.

1
 Dora Birk was referred to variously throughout the record as either “Doris” or “Dora.” Her proper name
appears to be “Dora.” We will adhere to the name “Dora” for consistency purposes.
2
  Tennessee Code Annotated section 29-26-101 now defines most cases occurring in a medical context as
“health care liability actions.” The statute specifies that such an action “means any civil action, including
claims against the state or a political subdivision thereof, alleging that a health care provider or providers
have caused an injury related to the provision of, or failure to provide, health care services to a person,
regardless of the theory of liability, on which the action is based.” See Acts 2011, ch. 510, § 8. Effective
April 23, 2012, the term “health care liability” replaced “medical malpractice” in the Code. See Acts
2012, ch. 798. The provisions of the revised statute apply to this action.
Craig C. Conley and Quinn N. Carlson, Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellee, Methodist
Healthcare Memphis Hospitals d/b/a Memphis Hospital.

                                                OPINION

                                   I.      BACKGROUND

       Dora Birk (“Decedent”) was admitted to Graceland Nursing Center, LLC
(“Graceland”) on January 28, 2011. Graceland and Provident Resources Group, Inc.
(“Provident”) (collectively “the Graceland Defendants”) were engaged in a joint venture
during Decedent’s residency at the nursing center. On June 13, 2011, Decedent was
transferred to Methodist Healthcare Memphis Hospitals d/b/a Methodist Hospital
(“Methodist”) for treatment. Decedent died the next week.

       Scott B. Peatross (“Plaintiff”), as the administrator ad litem of Decedent’s estate,
filed a complaint with an attached certificate of good faith against the Graceland
Defendants, who asserted comparative fault against Methodist. As provided by
Tennessee Code Annotated section 29-26-122(b),3 the Graceland Defendants were
required to file a certificate of good faith establishing a good faith basis for alleging fault
against Methodist within 30 days of filing their answer. Plaintiff waived this requirement
pursuant to section 29-26-122(c)4 and amended his complaint to add Methodist as a party.
He attached the original certificate of good faith to the amended complaint.

       Methodist moved to dismiss, arguing that the failure to attach a certificate of good
faith specifically applicable to it required dismissal. The trial court initially denied the
motion, citing an unpublished opinion designated as not for citation. Methodist’s
requests for reconsideration and an interlocutory appeal were denied. Methodist also
sought an extraordinary appeal but voluntarily dismissed the appeal before the Supreme
Court issued a ruling. Thereafter, Methodist filed a second motion to dismiss in the trial
court following the release of this court’s decision in Sirbaugh. The trial court granted
the motion to dismiss, and this appeal followed.

3
  “Within thirty (30) days after a defendant has alleged in an answer or amended answer that a non-party
is at fault for the injuries or death of the plaintiff and expert testimony is required to prove fault as
required by § 29-26-115, each defendant or defendant’s counsel shall file a certificate of good faith[.]”
4
  “The failure of a defendant to file a certificate of good faith in compliance with this section alleging the
fault of a non-party shall, upon motion, make such allegations subject to being stricken with prejudice
unless the plaintiff consents to waive compliance with this section.”
                                                      -2-
                                          II.     ISSUE

       We consolidate the issues raised by the parties into the following single and
dispositive issue: Whether the trial court erred in dismissing the claim pursuant to
Tennessee Code Annotated section 29-26-122(a) and this court’s decision in Sirbaugh.

                             III.    STANDARD OF REVIEW

        The Tennessee Supreme Court has held that the proper way to challenge a
plaintiff’s compliance with the health care liability requirements is through a Tennessee
Rule of Civil Procedure Rule 12.02(6) motion to dismiss. Myers v. AMISUB (SFH), Inc.,
382 S.W.3d 300, 307 (Tenn. 2012). “Once the defendant makes a properly supported
motion under this rule, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to show either that it complied
with the statutes or that it had extraordinary cause for failing to do so.” Id. The plaintiff
argued at trial and now on appeal that he complied with the statutes.

      Statutory construction is a question of law that we review de novo without any
presumption of correctness. In re Estate of Tanner, 295 S.W.3d 610, 613 (Tenn. 2009).
As noted by our Supreme Court in Myers:

       The leading rule governing our construction of any statute is to ascertain
       and give effect to the legislature’s intent. To that end, we start with an
       examination of the statute’s language, presuming that the legislature
       intended that each word be given full effect. When the import of a statute is
       unambiguous, we discern legislative intent “from the natural and ordinary
       meaning of the statutory language within the context of the entire statute
       without any forced or subtle construction that would extend or limit the
       statute’s meaning.”

382 S.W.3d at 308 (citations omitted). Where statutory language or a statute’s meaning
is ambiguous, we review the overall statutory scheme, the legislative history, and other
sources. In construing multiple statutes, our goal is to choose the most reasonable
construction “which avoids statutory conflict and provides harmonious operation of the
laws.” Thurmond v. Mid–Cumberland Infectious Disease Consultants, PLC, 433 S.W.3d
512, 517 (Tenn. 2014) (internal quotation marks omitted).

                                    IV.         DISCUSSION

        As pertinent to this appeal, Tennessee Code Annotated section 29-26-122 provides
as follows:

                                                 -3-
(a)     In any health care liability action in which expert testimony is
required by § 29-26-115, the plaintiff or plaintiff’s counsel shall file a
certificate of good faith with the complaint. If the certificate is not filed
with the complaint, the complaint shall be dismissed, as provided in
subsection (c), absent a showing that the failure was due to the failure of
the provider to timely provide copies of the claimant’s records requested as
provided in § 29-26-121 or demonstrated extraordinary cause. The
certificate of good faith shall state that:

      (1)   The plaintiff or plaintiff’s counsel has consulted with one (1)
      or more experts who have provided a signed written statement
      confirming that upon information and belief they:

             A.    Are competent under § 29-26-115 to express an
             opinion or opinions in the case; and

             B.      Believe, based on the information available from the
             medical records concerning the care and treatment of the
             plaintiff for the incident or incidents at issue, that there is a
             good faith basis to maintain the action consistent with the
             requirements of § 29-26-115; or

      (2)   The plaintiff or plaintiff’s counsel has consulted with one (1)
      or more experts who have provided a signed written statement
      confirming that upon information and belief they:

             A.    Are competent under § 29-26-115 to express an
             opinion or opinions in the case; and

             B.     Believe, based on the information available from the
             medical records reviewed concerning the care and treatment
             of the plaintiff for the incident or incidents at issue and, as
             appropriate, information from the plaintiff or others with
             knowledge of the incident or incidents at issue, that there are
             facts material to the resolution of the case that cannot be
             reasonably ascertained from the medical records or
             information reasonably available to the plaintiff or plaintiff’s
             counsel; and that, despite the absence of this information,
             there is a good faith basis for maintaining the action as to
             each defendant consistent with the requirements of § 29-26-
             115. Refusal of the defendant to release the medical records
                                    -4-
                     in a timely fashion or where it is impossible for the plaintiff
                     to obtain the medical records shall waive the requirement that
                     the expert review the medical record prior to expert
                     certification.

       (b)     Within thirty (30) days after a defendant has alleged in an answer or
       amended answer that a non-party is at fault for the injuries or death of the
       plaintiff and expert testimony is required to prove fault as required by § 29-
       26-115, each defendant or defendant’s counsel shall file a certificate of
       good faith[.]

       (c)     The failure of a plaintiff to file a certificate of good faith in
       compliance with this section shall, upon motion, make the action subject to
       dismissal with prejudice. The failure of a defendant to file a certificate of
       good faith in compliance with this section alleging the fault of a non-party
       shall, upon motion, make such allegations subject to being stricken with
       prejudice unless the plaintiff consents to waive compliance with this
       section. If the allegations are stricken, no defendant, except for a defendant
       who complied with this section, can assert, and neither shall the judge nor
       jury consider, the fault, if any, of those identified by the allegations. The
       court may, upon motion, grant an extension within which to file a
       certificate of good faith if the court determines that a health care provider
       who has medical records relevant to the issues in the case has failed to
       timely produce medical records upon timely request, or for other good
       cause shown.

       In Sirbaugh, this court held that a plaintiff who amends a complaint to add a
defendant may not rely upon the certificate of good faith filed with the initial complaint
but must file a certificate specifically applicable to the new defendant. 469 S.W.3d at 53.
This court reasoned that the original certificate was predicated on an expert’s belief that
there was a good faith basis to maintain a cause of action against the original defendant,
not the new defendant. Id. Plaintiff argues that this court’s decision in Sirbaugh
conflicts with the Supreme Court’s decision in Banks v. Elks Pride of Tennessee, 301
S.W.3d 214 (Tenn. 2010).

        In Banks, the Court considered the application of the doctrine of joint and several
liability to circumstances in which separate, independent negligent acts of more than one
tortfeasor combine to cause a single, indivisible injury. 301 S.W.3d at 214. The Court
ultimately held that the doctrine is inapplicable and that a defendant should be permitted
to amend his or her answer to assert a claim of comparative fault against a third
defendant. Id. at 220-27. In so holding, the Court assuaged the plaintiff’s concern that
                                            -5-
allowing such amendments placed an increased burden upon plaintiffs, who would be
forced to either amend their complaint to add the new defendant or risk the loss of full
recovery, by stating as follows:

       [Section 29-26-122(b)] requires defendants who assert a comparative fault
       affirmative defense against a physician or other healthcare provider that
       will require the introduction of expert testimony in accordance with
       [section 29-26-115] to file a certificate of good faith within thirty days after
       filing their answer. There is no similar statutory obligation imposed on
       plaintiffs who amend their complaint pursuant to [section 20-1-119] after
       the original defendant has asserted a comparative fault defense involving a
       nonparty physician or other healthcare provider.

Id. at 225 n. 14.

        Plaintiff argues that Sirbaugh was incorrectly decided in light of the Banks
decision and the plain language of the statute. He claims that adding such a requirement
would render section 29-26-122(c) superfluous because a plaintiff would gain nothing by
waiving the requirement of filing a certificate of good faith. Methodist agrees that a
plaintiff may waive the original defendant’s requirement of filing a certificate but asserts
that the statute does not provide the plaintiff with the power to waive its own compliance.
Methodist argues that Sirbaugh, an opinion directly addressing the issue, controls.

        While we agree that the language in Banks appears on point, it must be considered
in context. The holding of the case concerned whether a defendant may amend his or her
answer to add a claim of comparative fault, not whether a plaintiff who amends a
complaint to add a defendant may rely upon the certificate of good faith filed with the
initial complaint. Accordingly, we agree with the trial court that the holding in Sirbaugh,
a published opinion in which the plaintiff’s permission to appeal was denied by the
Supreme Court, controls the outcome of this case. We hold that Plaintiff’s failure to file
a certificate of good faith applicable to Methodist, when no certificate of good faith has
been filed by the defendant, mandates dismissal of the claim.

                                  V.     CONCLUSION

       The judgment of the trial court is affirmed, and the case is remanded for such
further proceedings as may be necessary. Costs of the appeal are taxed to the appellant,
Scott B. Peatross, as administrator ad litem of the estate of Dora Birk.

                                                   _________________________________
                                                   JOHN W. McCLARTY, JUDGE
                                             -6-