Court Opinion

ID: 9949369
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-11 15:01:07.832694+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:25:44.632085
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                            For the Eighth Circuit
                        ___________________________

                                No. 23-1553
                        ___________________________

                         Katherine Belcastro-Gonzalez,

                       lllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff - Appellee,

                                          v.

     City of Omaha; Todd Schmaderer, Chief of Police of the Omaha Police
                     Department, in his official Capacity,

                     lllllllllllllllllllllDefendants - Appellants,

Jean Stothert, Mayor of the City of Omaha; Tim Young, Former Human Relations
      Director for the City of Omaha, in his official and individual capacity,

                            lllllllllllllllllllllDefendants.
                                     ____________

                    Appeal from United States District Court
                      for the District of Nebraska - Omaha
                                  ____________

                         Submitted: November 16, 2023
                            Filed: March 11, 2024
                                ____________

Before COLLOTON,1 BENTON, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
                          ____________

      1
       Judge Colloton became chief judge of the circuit on March 11, 2024. See 28
U.S.C. § 45(a)(1).
COLLOTON, Circuit Judge.

       Katherine Belcastro-Gonzalez sued the city of Omaha and the chief of police
of the Omaha Police Department, alleging retaliation in violation of Title VII of the
Civil Rights Act. The case proceeded to trial, and a jury found in favor of Belcastro-
Gonzalez. The district court2 awarded attorney’s fees to Belcastro-Gonzalez and
entered judgment. The defendants appeal, and we affirm.

                                          I.

       Belcastro-Gonzalez was a police officer for the city of Omaha. In July 2010,
she filed a complaint with the police department alleging sexual harassment by a
coworker. In 2017, Belcastro-Gonzalez learned that her complaint was not properly
investigated. On that basis, she submitted a new complaint to the mayor’s office
alleging that the City improperly investigated her previous complaint. The City’s
human resources director investigated and issued a report in September 2017. The
report explained that the investigation did not prove or disprove Belcastro-Gonzalez’s
allegations and that no further action would be taken.

      In March 2018, Belcastro-Gonzalez filed a charge of discrimination with the
Nebraska Equal Opportunity Commission. She claimed, among other things, that the
police department denied her application for the position of acting deputy chief
because she had complained about sex discrimination.

      Belcastro-Gonzalez applied for two more deputy chief positions later in 2018.
She ranked first out of eight candidates based on training, experience, and
performance in a simulation exercise. The police chief, however, did not select

      2
       The Honorable Joseph F. Bataillon, United States District Judge for the
District of Nebraska.

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Belcastro-Gonzalez for either position and instead chose the candidates who ranked
second and fifth. Belcastro-Gonzalez brought a second charge of discrimination with
the Nebraska Equal Opportunity Commission and received a notice of her right to
sue.

       Belcastro-Gonzalez then brought this action alleging that the City retaliated
against her for the protected activity of filing discrimination complaints. The district
court denied the City’s motion for summary judgment, and the case proceeded to trial.
A jury found in favor of Belcastro-Gonzalez and assessed $700,000 in damages. The
court denied the City’s motion for judgment as a matter of law and awarded attorney’s
fees to Belcastro-Gonzalez.

                                           II.

       The City’s first argument seeks reversal of the district court’s order denying the
City’s motion for summary judgment. A district court’s order denying summary
judgment, however, is not reviewable after a trial on the merits. Eaddy v. Yancey, 317
F.3d 914, 916 (8th Cir. 2003). An unsuccessful movant must present the issues in a
post-trial motion for judgment as a matter of law and appeal from any denial of that
motion. Dahlin v. Lyondell Chem. Co., 881 F.3d 599, 602-03 (8th Cir. 2018).

        After Belcastro-Gonzalez filed her appellee’s brief, the City moved to amend
its opening brief to restate the issue on appeal as a challenge to the district court’s
order denying a motion for judgment as a matter of law. The substance of the
opening brief, however, challenges the denial of the City’s motion for summary
judgment. The motion to recast the appeal comes too late. A change in course at this
point would require a new round of briefing by both parties after the case has been
fully briefed. We deny the motion to amend and reject the City’s challenge to the pre-
trial order denying a motion for summary judgment.

                                          -3-
      The City next argues that the district court erred in admitting evidence from
proceedings before the Nebraska Employment Opportunity Commission. We review
the court’s ruling for abuse of discretion. Gruttemeyer v. Transit Auth., 31 F.4th 638,
643 (8th Cir. 2022).

       During proceedings before the Commission, the City submitted a document
that gave reasons for declining to promote Belcastro-Gonzalez. The City moved
in limine to exclude that evidence at trial. The district court decided that evidence
relating to the Commission’s proceedings is generally inadmissible, but that some
aspects of the proceeding could be admissible to rebut the City’s contention, or for
impeachment purposes. The court reserved ruling on admissibility in this case.

        At trial, the court admitted evidence that discussed the police chief’s response
to the Commission on behalf of the City. When the police chief advanced reasons at
trial that were not presented to the Commission, Belcastro-Gonzalez argued that the
City’s new justifications for declining a promotion were not credible. The court did
not preclude the City from offering its entire set of reasons for the promotion decision
or from explaining why certain reasons may not have been presented to the
Commission. The court did not abuse its discretion in allowing evidence of the City’s
potential inconsistency as a ground for impeachment of the police chief’s explanation
at trial.

       The City also challenges the amount of the attorney’s fees award to Belcastro-
Gonzalez. Under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(k), a court may award the prevailing party
reasonable attorney’s fees. We review the amount of fees awarded for abuse of
discretion. Id. at 649.

       The City maintains that plaintiff’s counsel charged an unreasonable hourly rate,
spent too much time on the case, and overbilled for certain tasks. The district court,
however, permissibly concluded based on familiarity with rates in the area and

                                          -4-
counsel’s experience that the hourly rates were reasonable. See Miller v. Dugan, 764
F.3d 826, 831 (8th Cir. 2014). The court found that the number of hours expended
was reasonable for a case that “involved several thorny evidentiary issues,” as well
as “extensive motion practice, discovery, and trial where the defendant mounted a
vigorous defense.” We conclude that the court’s determination was within the range
of its discretion. After examining the timesheets, the court found that the tasks were
identified with sufficient specificity and were appropriate uses of time by lawyers,
paralegals, and law clerks. While it is debatable whether the plaintiff’s legal team
proceeded with maximum efficiency, we are not convinced that the district court
abused its discretion by deeming the billing reasonable.

      The City also contends that fees incurred during the administrative proceedings
should not be included in the award. But because the work performed during the
administrative proceedings was both useful and of a type ordinarily necessary to
pursue a retaliation claim under Title VII, the court properly included those fees.
Bobbitt v. Paramount Cap Mfg. Co., 942 F.2d 512, 514 (8th Cir. 1991).

      The judgment of the district court is affirmed.
                     ______________________________

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