Court Opinion

ID: 25988
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 08:46:40+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:58:17.984658
License: Public Domain

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                                     FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

                                               No. 00-60679

WESTERN WORLD INSURANCE CO.,
                                                                   Plaintiff - Counter Defendant - Appellee,

                                                   versus

EARNEST FERNANDEZ, Etc.; ET AL.,
                                                                                                 Defendants,

SHADUNICA BANKS, as the Administratix of the Estate
of Briana Banks, deceased, and individually as an heir at
law and wrongful death beneficiary of Briana Banks, deceased;
ANDRE WHITFIELD, a minor, by and through his mother
and next friend, Shadunica Banks, individually as an heir at
law and wrongful death beneficiary of Briana Banks, deceased,

                                                            Defendants - Counter Claimants - Appellants.

                               Appeal from United States District Court
                                for the Northern District of Mississippi

                                            November 15, 2001

Before HIGGINBOTHAM, BARKSDALE and STEWART, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:*

       Shadunica Banks and Andre Whitfield (collectively “Banks”) appeal a grant of summary

judgment in favor of Western World Insurance Company (“Western World”) in which the district

        *
         Pursuant to CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not
precedent except under the limited circumstance set forth in 5th CIR. R. 47.5.4.
court found that Western World had no duty to pay a default judgment held by Banks. Because we

find that the district court did not err, we affirm the judgment.

                           FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       On April 5, 1999, West ern World filed suit seeking a declaratory judgment concerning its

rights and responsibilities to its insured, Mink Oil Products, Inc., a/k/a Fernandez Labs, Inc., a/k/a

Earnest Fernandez d/b/a/ Mink Oil Product s, Inc. (collectively “Fernandez”). Western World

subsequently joined as a defendant Banks, the plaintiff in the underlying wrongful death lawsuit.

       Banks filed suit on October 10, 1996, against Fernandez seeking recovery for the death of her

infant daughter who had allegedly died as a result of ingesting and inhaling a quantity of Mink Oil Hair

Sheen, manufactured by Mink Oil Products, Inc.1 The return of service filed in that action showed that

a deputy sheriff of Lee County, Mississippi, personally delivered the summons and complaint to

Fernandez on October 23, 1996. Fernandez failed to file a responsive pleading, and a final judgment

was entered against him on January 3, 1997, for the sum of $575,000 plus costs and post-judgment

interest after Banks moved for a default judgment.

       On September 5, 1997, Fernandez filed a motion to set aside the default, claiming that service

of process had not been properly effected on him. On February 12, 1999, Mississippi Circuit Judge

Barry Ford conducted a hearing regarding this quest ion but stayed his ruling in order to afford

Fernandez the opportunity to notify Western World of the pending lawsuit. On March 30, 1999,

        1
            Banks alleged in her complaint that the hair sheen did not contain warnings, that the product
 was dangerous to the air passages if inhaled, swallowed or aspirated, and that the hair sheen did not
 contain instructions or warnings informing the consumers of what to do in case the product was
 ingested. The complaint further alleged that the hair sheen was an unreasonably dangerous product
 in that it is poisonous if ingested, yet it did not have a safety cap to prevent it from being opened by
 minors.

                                                   2
however, the Circuit Court entered an order denying Fernandez’s motion to set aside the default

judgment.

        In a letter dated February 28, 1999, Fernandez notified Western World for the first time of

Banks’s lawsuit. Western World agreed to provide legal counsel to Fernandez in order to set aside

the default judgment. Western World, however, maintained a reservation of rights to deny coverage

for the claim based on Fernandez’s failure to give timely notice of Banks’s claim.

        Western World subsequently filed a complaint for declaratory judgment in federal district court

regarding its duty to defend and to indemnify Fernandez based on his failure to give it timely notice

of Banks’s lawsuit against Fernandez. Western World then moved for summary judgment against

Banks, the judgment creditor, which the district court granted. Banks now appeals.

                                             DISCUSSION

        This Court reviews summary judgments de novo. Krim v. BancTexas Group, Inc., et al., 989
F.2d 1435, 1444 (5th Cir. 1993). The moving party for summary judgment must show that “there is

no genuine issue of material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”

FED. R. CIV. P. 56(c). In response, the non-movant must “go beyond the pleadings and her own

affidavits, or by the depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, designate ‘specific

facts’ showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 324,

106 S. Ct. 2548, 2554, 91 L. Ed. 2d 265 (1986). Lastly, this Court regards the evidence in the light

most favorable to the nonmovant. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574,

587-88, 106 S. Ct. 1348, 1356, 89 L. Ed. 2d 535 (1986).

                                                    3
        As the district court noted, the insurance policy does not expressly state the duty of the

insured to give notice of either a loss or a claim that falls under the policy provisions.2   The policy

also does not expressly impose a duty to forward documents related to a lawsuit or to cooperate in

the defense or settlement of claims against the insured.       The policy, however, incorporates the

following language:

                The company will pay on behalf of the insured all sums which the
                insured shall become legally obligated to pay as damages because of
                A. bodily injury or B. property damage to which this insurance
                applies, caused by an occurrence, . . . and the company shall have the
                right and duty to defend any suit against the insured seeking damages
                on account of such bodily injury or property damage . . . and may make
                such investigations as it deems expendient . . . . (emphasis added).

        The district court held that Western World had no duty to indemnify Fernandez or to pay the

default judgment to Banks because it determined that Western World suffered prejudice as a result of

Fernandez’s inexcusable failure to provide notice of the pending litigation to it. The court noted that

although Mississippi common law requires that an ambiguous insurance policy provision “should be

         2
          Some courts have held that even if a policy does not contain a notice provision, an obligation
 to notify the insurer within a reasonable period of time will be implied. Olin Corp. v. Ins. Co. of
 North Am., 743 F. Supp. 1044, 1051 (S.D.N.Y. 1990). Although Mississippi has not yet made this
 determination, it is reasonable to infer from the terms of the policy that Fernandez was required to
 give Western World notice of any claim or suit within a reasonable time as to allow Western World
 an opportunity to investigate and defend.

                                                   4
construed most strongly against the insurer,”3 Mississippi law similarly mandates that prejudice to an

insurance carrier must be considered when evaluating an insurer’s duty to indemnify the insured.4

       We agree with the district court’s assessment that Western World suffered prejudice as a result

of Fernandez’s inexplicable failure to provide it notice of Banks’s claim. Moreover, we deem it

unreasonable to expect Western World to undertake an adequate investigation of the Banks’s claim

18 months after it was initially filed, given the inevitable dents that time generally places on evidence

and recollections. Indeed, this conclusion finds support in Mississippi case law, which states that

important provisions of insurance policies “may be implied from what is ‘ordinary’ and ‘reasonable’

under the circumstances.” Lumbermens, 555 So. 2d at 70 (citing Miss. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co.

v. Todd, 492 So. 2d 919, 930 (Miss. 1986)); see also State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Scitzs, 394
So. 2d 1371, 1372 (Miss. 1981) (stating that “insurance contracts must be given a reasonable and

sensible interpretation . . .”). Lumbermens specifically held that two weeks was a reasonable time

period in which to give notice to an insurer of a claim. Two weeks, however, is a far cry from the 18

months, which elapsed in the instant case.

         3
            Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Co. v. Thomas, 555 So. 2d 67, 70 (Miss. 1989). See also State
 Farm Mut. Ins. Co. v. Commercial Union Ins. Co., 394 So. 2d 890 (Miss. 1981) (stating that “we
 believe the better view is to hold that unless some prejudice is sho wn by an insured’s failure to
 cooperate with the insurance carrier in its investigation, such failure does not operate to forfeit the
 insured’s rights under the policy” in a case involving an insurance policy’s explicit provision that the
 insured has a duty to cooperate with the insurance company in the event of a loss); Young v.
 Travelers Ins. Co., 119 F.2d 877, 880 (5th Cir. 1941) (noting that, in a case in which the insurance
 policy stated that the insured had a duty to give written notice to the company “as soon as
 practicable,” Mississippi common law makes clear that such notice provisions are “for the protection
 of the insurer in preparing and making its defense, and it is effective to release the insurer from the
 obligations of the policy only where it appears, taking both the time of the accident and the time of
 the notice into view, that the failure to give notice was unreasonable in itself, or if not unreasonable
 in itself, was so unreasonable as that the insured has taken prejudice from the delay”).
         4
             Commercial Union Ins. Co. v. Dairyland Ins. Co., 584 So. 2d 405, 408 (Miss. 1991).

                                                   5
          Banks counters that Western World was only entitled to notice from Fernandez of her claim

within three years, given that there is no provision in the insurance contract mandating such a

requirement and Mississippi statutory law on contracts notes that “all actions for which no other

period of limitation is prescribed shall be commenced within three (3) years next after the cause of

such action accrued and not after.” MISS. CODE ANN. § 15-1-49 (2000). Therefore, Banks contends

that Western World has received notice within the applicable amount of time, as Fernandez gave notice

to Western World within 18 mo nths, well within three years, of being served with a copy of the

summons and complaint in the state court action. Separately, Banks also petitions this Court to certify

the instant case to the Mississippi Supreme Court because she contends that it is an Erie question into

which that court has not previously delved.

          While we are mindful of Banks’s horrific personal loss and her understandable desire to be

compensated for this loss, in, at the very least, a pecuniary sense, we agree with the district court’s

determination that Western World is not obligated to pay the default judgment against Fernandez. The

Mississippi statutory law cited by counsel is inapposite. We find that Mississippi courts have previously

treated as a common law issue the question of when an insured has provided her insurance company

with notice of a claim within a reasonable amount of time. We deny Banks’s petition to certify this

issue to the Mississippi Supreme Court for this same reason.

                                           CONCLUSION

          We affirm the grant of summary judgment by the district court against Banks because there

is no genuine issue of material fact, and we find that Western World is entitled to judgment as a matter

of law.

                                                   6
AFFIRMED.

            7