Court Opinion

ID: 4515018
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-03-11 16:11:26.782744+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:50:20.639543
License: Public Domain

J-S73002-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
              v.                          :
                                          :
                                          :
 PATRICK MICHAEL MERRICK                  :
                                          :
                    Appellant             :   No. 1875 MDA 2018

      Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered October 3, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County Criminal Division at
                      No(s): CP-40-CR-0000185-2017

BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., LAZARUS, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.:                            FILED MARCH 11, 2020

      Appellant, Patrick Michael Merrick, appeals from the judgment of

sentence entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County on

October 3, 2018.    In addition, Appellant’s counsel has filed a petition to

withdraw his representation and a brief pursuant to Anders v. California,

386 U.S. 738 (1967), and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa.

2009). After careful review, we grant counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm

Appellant’s judgment of sentence.

      The trial court summarized the procedural history of this case as follows:

      On September 7, 2017, the court accepted [Appellant’s] guilty
      plea to count one, Retail Theft, 18 Pa. [C.S. §] 3929(A)(1), a
      misdemeanor of the first degree (M-1).         [Appellant] was
      immediately sentenced to probation for eighteen (18) months
      which was [o]rdered to run concurrent to any sentence he was
      then currently serving.
J-S73002-19

              [Appellant’s] probation was supervised by the Pennsylvania
       Board of Probation and Parole. By letter dated September 5,
       2018, his supervising probation agent forwarded to the court a
       document titled “Notice of Charges and Hearing” which alleged
       that he violated the conditions of his probation. Subsequent to
       that, [Appellant] waived his Gagnon I hearing and we scheduled
       a Gagnon II hearing.[1] On October 3, 2018, [Appellant] and his
       counsel appeared before the court. At that hearing, [Appellant]
       admitted that he violated the condition which directed that he
       refrain from the unlawful possession, use or sale of narcotics and
       other illegal drugs. At the conclusion of the hearing, [w]e then
       resentenced [Appellant] to a term of incarceration in a State
       Correctional Facility for not less than twelve (12) months to no
       more than twenty eight (28) months. [Appellant] was advised of
       his [a]ppellate rights [as] well as his post-sentence rights, and
       was remanded.

              On November 7, 2018, [Appellant’s] counsel filed a Motion
       to reinstate [Appellant’s] [a]ppellate rights. We granted counsel’s
       request by Order dated November 7, 2018. A Notice of Appeal
       was filed on November 8, 2018, and on November 20, 2018, we
       ordered [Appellant] to file a Concise Statement of Errors
       Complained of on Appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) and
       requested the Commonwealth to respond thereto. [Appellant’s]
       counsel thereafter filed a Concise Statement on December 11,
       2018. The Commonwealth has not filed a response. Pursuant to
       Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a), this matter is now ripe for an Opinion from this
       Court.

Trial Court Opinion, 5/24/19, at 1-2 (internal citations omitted). Appellant’s

counsel filed a petition to withdraw as counsel and an Anders brief on

October 22, 2019.

____________________________________________

1 Due process requires that a probationer be given a preliminary (Gagnon I)
and a final (Gagnon II) hearing prior to revoking probation.
Commonwealth v. Knoble, 42 A.3d 976, 978 n.1 (Pa. 2012) (citing Gagnon
v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1973)). The Gagnon decision has become the
common moniker for both parole and probation revocation proceedings.
Commonwealth v. Stafford, 29 A.3d 800, 801 n.1 (Pa. Super. 2011).

                                           -2-
J-S73002-19

      Before we address Appellant’s question raised on appeal, we must

resolve appellate counsel’s request to withdraw.           Commonwealth v.

Cartrette, 83 A.3d 1030, 1032 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc).            There are

procedural and briefing requirements imposed upon an attorney who seeks to

withdraw on appeal. The procedural mandates are that counsel must:

      1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that, after
      making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
      determined that the appeal would be frivolous; 2) furnish a copy
      of the brief to the defendant; and 3) advise the defendant that he
      or she has the right to retain private counsel or raise additional
      arguments that the defendant deems worthy of the court’s
      attention.

Id. (internal citation omitted).

      In this case, counsel has satisfied those directives. Within his petition

to withdraw, counsel averred that he conducted a conscientious review of the

record and concluded that the present appeal is wholly frivolous.       Counsel

asserts that he sent Appellant a copy of the Anders brief and petition to

withdraw, as well as a letter, a copy of which is attached to the petition. In

the letter, counsel advised Appellant that he could represent himself or retain

private counsel to represent him.

      We now examine whether the brief satisfies the Supreme Court’s

dictates in Santiago, which provide that:

      in the Anders brief that accompanies court-appointed counsel’s
      petition to withdraw, counsel must: (1) provide a summary of the
      procedural history and facts, with citations to the record; (2) refer
      to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably supports
      the appeal; (3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is
      frivolous; and (4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the

                                      -3-
J-S73002-19

      appeal is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
      record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have
      led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.

Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.

      Counsel’s brief is compliant with Santiago. It sets forth the procedural

history of this case, outlines pertinent case authority, cites to the record, and

refers to issues of arguable merit. Anders Brief at 7-14. Further, the brief

sets forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous and the reasons for

counsel’s conclusion. Id. at 8, 10, 12-13. Satisfied that counsel has met the

technical requirements of Anders and Santiago, we proceed with our

independent review of the record and address the issues presented on

Appellant’s behalf.

      Appellant presents the following issue in his Anders Brief: “Whether

the trial court abused its discretion when it imposed a state sentence of total

confinement, following revocation of probation, for an aggregate term of 12

months to 28 months for a technical violation of the conditions of his

probation?” Anders Brief at 2. Appellant’s issue challenges the discretionary

aspects of his sentence. We note that “[t]he right to appellate review of the

discretionary aspects of a sentence is not absolute.”      Commonwealth v.

Zirkle, 107 A.3d 127, 132 (Pa. Super. 2014). Rather, where an appellant

challenges the discretionary aspects of a sentence, the appeal should be

considered a petition for allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v. W.H.M.,

932 A.2d 155, 163 (Pa. Super. 2007).

                                      -4-
J-S73002-19

      As we observed in Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa.

Super. 2010) (citing Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528 (Pa. Super.

2006)):

      An appellant challenging the discretionary aspects of his sentence
      must invoke this Court’s jurisdiction by satisfying a four-part test:

              [W]e conduct a four-part analysis to determine:
              (1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of
              appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the
              issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a
              motion to reconsider and modify sentence, see
              Pa.R.Crim.P. 708; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a
              fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there
              is a substantial question that the sentence appealed
              from is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code,
              42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).

Id. at 170. Whether a particular issue constitutes a substantial question about

the appropriateness of sentence is a question to be evaluated on a case-by-

case basis.    Commonwealth v. Kenner, 784 A.2d 808, 811 (Pa. Super.

2001).

      Here, the first two requirements of the four-part test are met: Appellant

filed a timely appeal, and Appellant preserved the issue of imposition of an

excessive sentence in his post-sentence motion. Moury, 992 A.2d at 170. In

the non-Anders context, the defendant must “preserve the issue in a court-

ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement and a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f)

statement.”    Commonwealth v. Zeigler, 112 A.3d 656, 661 (Pa. Super.

2015). Where counsel files an Anders brief, however, this Court has reviewed

the matter even absent a separate Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement. Zeigler, 112

                                      -5-
J-S73002-19

A.3d at 661. Hence, we do not consider counsel’s failure to submit a Rule

2119(f) statement as precluding review of whether Appellant’s issue is

frivolous.

      Therefore, we next address whether Appellant raises a substantial

question requiring us to review the discretionary aspects of the sentence

imposed by the sentencing court. Allowance of appeal will be permitted only

when the appellate court determines that there is a substantial question that

the sentence is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code. Commonwealth

v. Hartle, 894 A.2d 800, 805 (Pa. Super. 2006). A substantial question exists

where an appellant sets forth a plausible argument that the sentence violates

a particular provision of the Sentencing Code or is contrary to the fundamental

norms underlying the sentencing process. Id. This Court has held that “[o]n

appeal from a revocation proceeding, we find a substantial question is

presented when a sentence of total confinement, in excess of the original

sentence, is imposed as a result of a technical violation of parole or probation.”

Commonwealth v. Sierra, 752 A.2d 910, 913 (Pa. Super. 2000). Because

Appellant has presented a substantial question, we proceed with our analysis.

      When reviewing the outcome of a revocation proceeding, this Court is

limited to determining the validity of the proceeding, the legality of the

judgment of sentence imposed, and the discretionary aspects of sentencing.

Cartrette, 83 A.3d at 1033–1034 (explaining that, notwithstanding prior

decisions which stated our scope of review in revocation proceedings is limited

                                      -6-
J-S73002-19

to validity of proceedings and legality of sentence, this Court’s scope of review

on appeal from revocation sentencing can also include discretionary

sentencing challenges). “[T]he revocation of a probation sentence is a matter

committed to the sound discretion of the trial court and that court’s decision

will not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of an error of law or an abuse

of discretion.”   Commonwealth v. MacGregor, 912 A.2d 315, 317 (Pa.

Super. 2006).

      Additionally, upon sentencing following a revocation of probation, the

trial court is limited only by the maximum sentence that it could have imposed

originally at the time of the probationary sentence. Commonwealth v. Fish,

752 A.2d 921, 923 (Pa. Super. 2000); 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(b). Once probation

has been revoked, a sentence of total confinement may be imposed if any of

the following conditions exist:    “(1) the defendant has been convicted of

another crime; or (2) the conduct of the defendant indicates that it is likely

that he will commit another crime if he is not imprisoned; or, (3) such a

sentence is essential to vindicate the authority of the court.”      42 Pa.C.S.

§ 9771(c)(1-3); Fish, 752 A.2d at 923.

      Furthermore, because sentencing guidelines do not apply to sentences

imposed following a revocation of probation, we are guided by the provisions

of 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721, which state the general standards that a court is to

apply in sentencing a defendant. Commonwealth v. Ferguson, 893 A.2d
735, 739 (Pa. Super. 2006).

                                      -7-
J-S73002-19

            When imposing a sentence, the sentencing court must
      consider the factors set out in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b), that is, the
      protection of the public, gravity of offense in relation to impact on
      victim and community, and rehabilitative needs of defendant, and
      it must impose an individualized sentence. The sentence should
      be based on the minimum confinement consistent with the gravity
      of the offense, the need for public protection, and the defendant’s
      needs for rehabilitation.

Id. In addition, in all cases where the court “resentences an offender following

revocation   of   probation,   county    intermediate   punishment     or     State

intermediate punishment or resentences following remand, the court shall

make as a part of the record, and disclose in open court at the time of

sentencing, a statement of the reason or reasons for the sentence imposed.”

42 Pa.C.S. § 9721. Guided by these standards, we must determine whether

the court abused its discretion by imposing a “manifestly excessive” sentence

that constitutes “too severe a punishment.”      Ferguson, 893 A.2d at 739.

Moreover, this Court has explained that when the “sentencing court had the

benefit of a presentence investigation report (‘PSI’), we can assume the

sentencing court ‘was aware of relevant information regarding defendant’s

character and weighed those considerations along with mitigating statutory

factors.’” Moury, 992 A.2d at 171.

      In its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion, the trial court provided the following

explanation for imposition of Appellant’s sentence:

            In the instant matter, following the conduct of a hearing, we
      stated on the record that [Appellant’s] sentence of total
      confinement for a period of no less than twelve (12) months was
      warranted to vindicate the authority of the court. In reaching that
      conclusion, we observed that at the time of [Appellant’s] original

                                        -8-
J-S73002-19

      sentence he was serving a sentence in a State Correctional
      Institut[ion] (SCI) on an unrelated case. We [o]rdered his original
      sentence run concurrently with any sentences that he may have
      then been serving. Thus, part of [Appellant’s] probationary
      sentence was served while he was incarcerated for other offenses.

             It was the occasion of his release from incarceration which
      led [Appellant] to violate probation. At the revocation hearing,
      [Appellant] testified that he was released from prison on
      August 24, 2018, after maxing out a sentence in a State Prison.
      By his own admission, [Appellant] was released from prison on
      Friday, but elected to report to probation the following Monday
      where he apparently advised his supervising probation officer that
      he “spent the weekend in a hotel, drinking, using molly (MDMA),
      smoking marijuana and taking pills with strippers.” A urine
      sample from [Appellant] was tested and confirmed his statements
      about using drugs. Given that [Appellant] willfully went to a hotel
      and used a variety of illegal drugs almost immediately after he
      was released from state prison after maxing out that sentence, it
      was clear to the court that . . . he was not sufficiently rehabilitated.
      In light of the foregoing, continuing [Appellant’s] probation was
      not an adequate means to attempt reform and rehabilitate him
      and a period of total confinement was essential to vindicate the
      authority of the court.

Trial Court Opinion, 5/24/19, at 4-5 (internal citations omitted).

      At the time of resentencing, the trial court made the following statement

regarding Appellant’s sentence:

      I will revoke and resentence [Appellant] on the retail theft count
      before me. On that count, the [c]ourt is going to sentence
      [Appellant] to a minimum of 12 months to a maximum of 28
      months to be served in a state correctional institution. I will run
      that concurrent with the other sentence he’s now serving. I’m
      giving you the benefit of running that concurrent since apparently
      you have fessed up and knowing the nature of the offense before
      me but you simply have a bad history of complying with sentences
      as has been previously outlined. Pay all costs as was previously
      ordered on this case. You are to pay the restitution of $640 to
      LensCrafters; undergo appropriate drug and alcohol evaluations
      and comply with all recommended treatment; refrain from drugs
      or alcohol unless prescribed by a physician; don’t frequent places

                                       -9-
J-S73002-19

      serving alcohol or associate with anyone using drugs or alcohol.
      Again, the [c]ourt feels this sentence is appropriate to uphold the
      integrity of the [c]ourt’s order and given his clear violation of
      those prior orders.

                                      * * *

      Just so we are clear, the [c]ourt did feel that a period of
      confinement was warranted in this case in order to vindicate the
      authority of the [c]ourt given [Appellant’s] violation of his
      probationary sentence and his continual violation of these type[s]
      of sentences.

                                      * * *

      I think [Appellant] needs to serve the sentence that was imposed
      and hopefully get a longer period of supervision and structure and
      to address his substance abuse and other issues. . . .

N.T., 10/3/18, at 5-7.

      It is undisputed that Appellant violated the terms of his probation by

conduct indicating that it was likely that he would commit additional crimes if

he was not imprisoned. N.T., 10/3/18, at 2-7. As a result, the trial court had

authority to resentence Appellant to total confinement pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.

§ 9771(c)(2).     Additionally, the trial court had authority to resentence

Appellant to total confinement pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(c)(3) in order

to vindicate its authority as a result of Appellant’s probation violation.

      Furthermore, the court had authority to impose any sentence that was

available to it at Appellant’s original sentencing.          Appellant’s sentence

following   probation    revocation   of   twelve   to   twenty-eight   months   of

                                       - 10 -
J-S73002-19

incarceration2 was within the purview of sentencing parameters available to

the trial court when it initially sentenced him.           See 18 Pa.C.S. § 1104(1)

(providing maximum sentence of confinement of five years for conviction of

misdemeanor of the first degree).              Thus, the trial court’s resentencing of

Appellant to a maximum of twenty-eight months was not an abuse of

discretion.

       In sentencing Appellant, the trial court also considered the factors of 42

Pa.C.S. § 9721, including Appellant’s rehabilitative needs.             The trial court

stated on the record the factors that led it to impose the probation-revocation

sentence.     Further, because the sentencing court had the benefit of a PSI

report, there is a presumption that the court was aware of Appellant’s history

and needs and weighed those factors in sentencing Appellant. N.T., 10/3/18,

at 6-7; Moury, 992 A.2d at 171. Therefore, the sentence imposed by the trial

court does not constitute an abuse of discretion, and we agree with counsel

that Appellant’s assertion that the sentence was unduly harsh and excessive

is without merit.

       We also have independently reviewed the record in order to determine

whether     there    are   any    non-frivolous      issues   present   in   this   case.

Commonwealth v. Yorgey, 188 A.3d 1190, 1198-1199 (Pa. Super. 2018)

____________________________________________

2  No credit for time served was awarded on this probation-revocation
sentence because Appellant had been awarded credit for time served on a
separate conviction. N.T., 10/3/18, at 4.

                                          - 11 -
J-S73002-19

(en banc). Having concluded that there are no meritorious issues, we grant

Appellant’s counsel permission to withdraw and affirm the judgment of

sentence.

     Petition to withdraw as counsel granted.      Judgment of sentence

affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/11/2020

                                  - 12 -