Court Opinion

ID: 6330951
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-04-13 17:01:35.057295+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:23:07.056942
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 _____________

                                     No. 20-2223
                                    _____________

                                    WESSIE SIMS,
                                              Appellant

                                           v.

        CITY OF PHILADELPHIA; ZONING BOARD OF ADJUSTMENTS;
       LYNETTE M. BROWN, SOW, CHAIRWOMAN; CAROL B. TINARI;
        ANTHONY LEWIS; SAM STATEN, JR.; MARTIN G. BEDNAREK;
    MARY JANE MCKINNEY, BOARD ADMINISTRATOR; LARISSA KELVAN,
     PLANNING COMMISSIONER; CHRISTINE QUINN, PLANS EXAMINER;
       JOHN V. WOLFE, DEPARTMENT OF LICENSE AND INSPECTION;
     CITY AND COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA; STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA
                          ________________

                    On Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                             (D.C. Civil No. 2:12-cv-5486)
                     District Judge: Honorable Joshua D. Wolson
                                  ________________

                   Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                    April 4, 2022
                                 ________________

Before: CHAGARES, Chief Judge, SHWARTZ, Circuit Judge, and PRATTER, District
                                 Judge *

                             (Opinion filed: April 5, 2022)

*
      Honorable Gene E.K. Pratter, United States District Judge for the Eastern District
of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
                                      ____________

                                       OPINION **
                                      ____________

CHAGARES, Chief Judge.

       Plaintiff Wessie Sims appeals the District Court’s order denying her

post-judgment motion that sought relief from the final judgment in this action. Because

Sims fails to advance a proper basis for such relief, we will affirm.

                                             I.

       The factual background of this appeal is set forth in our prior decision affirming

the District Court’s dismissal of the complaint, so our summary is brief. See Sims v. City

of Philadelphia, 552 F. App’x 175 (3d Cir. 2014). In December 2009, Sims was denied a

zoning permit to operate a five-room boarding house in Philadelphia. Id. at 176.

Proceeding pro se, she filed a complaint in federal court against the City of Philadelphia

(the “City”) and various individual defendants asserting violations of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in

connection with the denial of the zoning permit. Id. The District Court dismissed the

claims against the individual defendants pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m)

for improper service and the claims against the City pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) because

Sims failed to plausibly allege municipal liability. Id. The District Court entered final

**
       This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does
not constitute binding precedent.

                                             2
judgment in February 2013, and Sims timely appealed. We affirmed the District Court’s

dismissal as to all defendants. Id. at 177–78.

         Following our decision, Sims has made several attempts in the District Court to

reopen the case and seek relief from the final judgment. Sims’s most recent attempt was

in November 2019, when she filed a motion titled “Final Judgment Title 28 U.S.C.A.

1291.” Appendix (“App.”) 8. As the District Court noted, section 1291 “is not a basis

for relief; it is a statute conferring jurisdiction on Courts of Appeals to review District

Courts’ final judgments.” Id. Sims now appeals the District Court’s denial of her

November 2019 motion.

                                              II.

         The City challenges whether we have appellate jurisdiction. This is a threshold

issue that we review de novo. Montanez v. Thompson, 603 F.3d 243, 248 (3d Cir.

2010). 1

         While the scope of our appellate jurisdiction is limited, we conclude that the

District Court’s denial of Sims’s November 2019 motion is properly before us. The

District Court’s order entered May 13, 2020 denying this motion constituted a final order,

and Sims filed her timely notice of appeal on June 8, 2020. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A).

We therefore have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 to review the denial of Sims’s

November 2019 motion. See Long v. Atl. City Police Dep’t, 670 F.3d 436, 446 n.19 (3d

Cir. 2012) (observing that this Court has “jurisdiction to review a timely appealed order

1
    The District Court had subject matter jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331.

                                               3
disposing of an untimely motion for reconsideration”). But we do not have jurisdiction to

review the underlying dismissal of Sims’s complaint, which this Court has previously

affirmed, or any of Sims’s prior post-judgment motions where the time for appeal has

long since passed. See Smith v. Evans, 853 F.2d 155, 158 n.1 (3d Cir. 1988) (“We note

that even though Rule 60(b) preserves the right to appeal, the appeal may bring up only

the subject matter of the 60(b) motion and not the underlying case.”), overruled on other

grounds by Lizardo v. United States, 619 F.3d 273, 276–77 (3d Cir. 2010). 2

                                            III.

       Sims’s November 2019 motion apparently seeks to relitigate the merits of her

complaint and, although a final judgment was previously entered, requests both a final

judgment and default judgments against certain defendants. Considering Sims’s pro se

status before the District Court, we construe this motion as either a motion for

reconsideration pursuant to Rule 59(e) or for relief from judgment pursuant to Rule 60(b).

See United States v. Fiorelli¸ 337 F.3d 282, 287–88 (3d Cir. 2003) (“[T]he function of the

motion, and not the caption, dictates which Rule is applicable.”). We review the denial

of Sims’s post-judgment motion for an abuse of discretion. Jang v. Boston Sci. Scimed,

Inc., 729 F.3d 357, 367 (3d Cir. 2013).

2
  To the extent that Sims asks us to consider whether her complaint was properly
dismissed, our prior decision is the law of the case. Under the law of the case doctrine,
there is no basis for us to reconsider these previously decided issues. See In re City of
Phila. Litig., 158 F.3d 711, 717 (3d Cir. 1998) (“Under the law of the case doctrine, one
panel of an appellate court generally will not reconsider questions that another panel has
decided on a prior appeal in the same case.”).

                                             4
       Any motion pursuant to Rule 59(e) or Rule 60(b)(1), (2), or (3) was filed well after

the allowed time period following final judgment. Even assuming that the motion was

“made within a reasonable time,” Fed R. Civ. P. 60(c)(1), it sets forth no proper basis to

find “extraordinary circumstances” that would justify relief under Rule 60(b)(6), and

Sims has not advanced any reasons for relief under Rule 60(b)(4) or (5). See Budget

Blinds, Inc. v. White, 536 F.3d 244, 255 (3d Cir. 2008) (explaining that extraordinary

circumstances under Rule 60(b)(6) “involves a showing that without relief from the

judgment, an extreme and unexpected hardship will result”) (citation and internal

quotation marks omitted). As a result, we hold that the District Court did not abuse its

discretion in denying Sims’s post-judgment motion.

                                            IV.

       For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the District Court’s order.

                                             5