Court Opinion

ID: 4643566
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-12-16 17:04:42.6537+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:00:40.608474
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                    No. 20-0195
                             Filed December 16, 2020

DANIELLE PUTMAN,
     Plaintiff-Appellant,

vs.

SHAWN J. WALTHER and AMY M. WALTHER,
     Defendants-Appellees.
________________________________________________________________

       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Kellyann Lekar,

Judge.

       A home buyer appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the

sellers on her claims of fraudulent and negligent misrepresentation. AFFIRMED.

       Patrick C. Galles of Correll, Sheerer, Benson, Engels, Galles & Demro

P.L.C., Cedar Falls, for appellant.

       Matthew M. Craft of Dutton, Daniels, Hines, Kalkhoff, Cook & Swanson,

P.L.C., Waterloo, for appellee.

       Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and Schumacher, JJ.
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TABOR, Judge.

       Danielle Putman bought a home from Shawn and Amy Walther. After water

seeped into her basement, Putman sued the Walthers for fraudulent

misrepresentation and negligent misrepresentation of the conditions of the house.

Putman now appeals the district court’s grant of the Walthers’ motion for summary

judgment. Because the court properly determined Putman’s failure to designate

an expert witness on causation and damages was fatal to her case, we affirm the

summary judgment ruling.

       I.     Facts and Prior Proceedings

       In March 2018, the Walthers sold their house to Putman. In the Seller

Disclosure of Property Condition, the Walthers revealed that the basement only

had a “2010 sewer back up and SW wall seepage a few times.” But after Putman

took possession of the home in April, she experienced significant water infiltration

in the basement.

       To address that problem, Putman arranged for Magee Construction

Company to inspect her basement. After the inspection, Magee Construction sent

her a letter detailing the harm caused by seepage:

       Inspected the water damage to your lower level on Monday the 16th
       of July. Observed water damage to the family rooms and bedroom.
       Tested the walls of all the rooms with a moisture meter and had water
       in the drywall a foot up from the floor.

The letter also described the damage shown in four photographs:

       The pictures #2 show the meter pegged with moisture a foot up from
       the floor. Pictures #1 shows the floor of the bedroom SW corner,
       raised off the concrete floor approximately 2 1/2″ which indicates a
       previous water infiltration from the exterior. Not known at this time
       of any damage to the framing under existing sub floor. Pictures #3
       show the damage to the flooring of the family rooms. Pictures #4
                                         3

       show the exterior SW side exterior, which show an existing basement
       window behind the mulch/dirt and at some point in time a wall was
       built to channel the water flow on the south side of the structure.
       Pictures #5 show an old drain line capped off and a clean-out which
       were under the carpet and pad of the family room.

Magee Construction estimated it would cost $11,571.48 to repair the water

damage to the basement.

       In October 2018, Putman sued the Walthers for both fraudulent

misrepresentation and negligent misrepresentation.1 Putman alleged their failure

to disclose the defects of the basement caused her “mental, emotional, and

financial damage and loss.” She attached the letter, estimate, and photographs

from the inspection.

       After the parties’ initial disclosures, the Walthers moved for summary

judgment in November 2019, noting Putman “failed to designate an expert witness

and can offer no testimony concerning causation as to the water intrusion into [her]

home.”

       Putman resisted their motion. In her resistance, she listed the following

sources: (1) city employees called to her home to observe the water infiltration; (2)

Magee Construction, the company that conducted an inspection and provided a

repair estimate; (3) realtor Steve Burrell, who provided a sale price estimate; and

(4) neighbors who could testify as to the water in her basement. Putman also

asserted that she could “testify as to the source of water and her observations

1The petition also named as defendants Sandy Stuber, Michael Meaney, and Mike
Bartlett Home Inspections. Putman amended the petition on November 30 to add
Movers & Shakers, LLC and Sulentic & Fischels Realtors, Inc. as defendants.
Putman voluntarily dismissed the appeal as to these defendants, leaving the
Walthers as the only appellees.
                                         4

having lived in the home for more than a year.” Expanding on that point, Putman

submitted an affidavit, stating “[t]hat water came in to the basement from sanitary

sewer overflow, seepage through the floor and walls and other unknown sources.”

      In January 2020, the district court granted the Walthers’ motion for summary

judgment. The court held that “expert testimony is required on the issues of

causation and damages, because the cause of water damage to the house and

the cost of repair are not common knowledge to a lay person.” Putman did not

meet that requirement, in the court’s estimation:

      [A]fter review of the record, the witnesses mentioned in Plaintiff’s
      Resistance were not formally designated as experts nor were these
      individuals disclosed as experts in the Plaintiff’s discovery
      responses. In reviewing the interrogatory responses submitted in
      support of the various motions for summary judgment, the Court
      notes that no expert witness was mentioned in the discovery
      responses.[2] Further, Plaintiff makes summary allegations that
      representatives were disclosed in the Resistances to the motions for
      summary judgment but provides no actual interrogatory responses
      to support these allegations.

After listing those deficiencies, the court ruled Putman had not properly designated

or disclosed an expert on the issues of causation or damages.           Given that

omission, the court granted summary judgment on Putman’s claims of negligent

misrepresentation and fraudulent misrepresentation.3

2 In answers to interrogatories, Putman listed four neighbors as witnesses. She
also listed as expert witnesses a city engineer, the waste management director,
the sewer maintenance foreperson, and a representative of Magee Construction.
Defendants Sandy Stuber and Movers & Shakers, LLC provided Putman’s list of
expert witnesses as an exhibit in support of their objections to her witness and
exhibit list. That exhibit was not part of the record in the motion for summary
judgment.
3 The district court noted Putman did not refer to Iowa Code chapter 558A (2019)

in her complaint but “essentially pled a cause of action under that chapter.”
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         Putman appeals the district court’s decision granting summary judgment.

         II.    Scope and Standard of Review

         Our review of summary judgment decisions is for correction of errors at law.

Hollingshead v. DC Misfits, LLC, 937 N.W.2d 616, 618 (Iowa 2020). A party may

be granted summary judgment by showing “that there is no genuine issue as to

any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of

law.” Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.981(3). “We review the facts in the record ‘in the light most

favorable to the nonmoving party’ and ‘draw every inference in favor of the

nonmoving party.’” Hollingshead, 937 N.W.2d at 618 (quoting Skadburg v. Gately,

911 N.W.2d 786, 791 (Iowa 2018)).

         III.   Analysis

         Putman does not dispute that she needed to present expert testimony to

establish her claims of causation and damages. See Doe v. Cent. Iowa Health

Sys., 766 N.W.2d 787, 793 (Iowa 2009) (“When the causal connection between

the tortfeasor’s actions and the plaintiff’s injury is not within the knowledge and

experience of an ordinary layperson, the plaintiff needs expert testimony to create

a jury question on causation.”).

         Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.500(2)(a) provides that “a party must

disclose to the other parties the identity of any witness the party may use at trial to

present evidence under Iowa Rules of Evidence 5.702, 5.703, 5.705.”4 Under this

disclosure rule, a party must disclose the identity of expert witnesses. McConkey

4   These rules of evidence govern testimony by expert witnesses.
                                         6

ex rel. B.M. v. Huisman, No. 18-1399, 2019 WL 3317373, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. July

24, 2019).

       Putman asserted in her resistance to summary judgment that she had

“identified witnesses in response to discovery requests,” including Magee

Construction.   But the district court determined “the witnesses mentioned in

Plaintiff’s Resistance were not formally designated as experts nor were [they]

disclosed as experts in the Plaintiff’s discovery responses.”5

       On appeal, Putman raises a different issue, contending she adequately

disclosed Magee Construction as an expert witness by attaching the letter and

estimate from the company to her original petition.        She argues no formal

designation was necessary because “the Magee estimate was not formulated for

purposes of issues in pending or anticipated litigation.” She relies on Hansen v.

Central Iowa Hospital Corp., 686 N.W.2d 476, 480 (Iowa 2004), in which the

plaintiff failed to designate her treating physician as an expert witness in

accordance with Iowa Code section 668.11 (2001). Our supreme court determined

the physician could still give his opinion testimony on causation arising from

treating the plaintiff because his opinion was not “formulated as a retained expert

for purposes of issues in pending or anticipated litigation.” Hansen, 686 N.W.2d

at 485.

5  The court explained that it made its ruling by “reviewing the interrogatory
responses submitted in support of the various motions for summary judgment.” As
noted, Putman listed Magee Construction as an expert witness in the answer to an
interrogatory, but none of the parties submitted the answer in association with the
motion for summary judgment.
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       Putman did not raise this issue in her resistance to the Walthers’ motion for

summary judgment. She stated only that she had identified Magee Construction

“in response to discovery requests.” Also, the district court never ruled on whether

Putman had retained Magee Construction in anticipation of litigation. See id. We

conclude Putman did not preserve this issue for our review.              See Meier v.

Senecaut, 641 N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002) (“It is a fundamental doctrine of

appellate review that issues must ordinarily be both raised and decided by the

district court before we will decide them on appeal.”).

       Next, Putman claims she complied with the substance of rule 1.500(2)(c) by

attaching Magee Construction’s estimate to her petition, which included “the

contractor’s full name, address, telephone number, fax number, e-mail address, a

detailed summary of his observations, photographs, and a reasonable repair cost.”

Because she provided this information, Putman contends her failure to formally

designate Magee Construction as an expert witness was harmless error.

       Putman does not provide legal authority to support her claim that she

substantially complied with the disclosure rule. Substantial compliance means

“compliance in respect to essential matters necessary to assure the reasonable

objectives” of the rule or statute. See Hantsbarger v. Coffin, 501 N.W.2d 501, 504

(Iowa 1993) (finding literal compliance with Iowa Code section 668.11 on expert

disclosure was not required). Because she offers no cases to bolster her position,

we find this issue waived on appeal. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.903(2)(g)(3) (“Failure

to cite authority in support of an issue may be deemed waiver of that issue.”). Even

if the issue was not waived, the district court did not rule on the issues of substantial
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compliance or harmless error, and therefore these issues have not been preserved

for our review. See Meier, 641 N.W.2d at 537.

       Finally, Putman contends summary judgment was inappropriate because

the Magee Construction estimate presented a genuine issue of material fact on the

issues of causation and damages for her claim under Iowa Code section 558A.6.

That statute creates a civil cause of action for a seller’s failure to make required

real estate disclosures. See Arthur v. Brick, 565 N.W.2d 623, 626 (Iowa Ct. App.

1997) (noting chapter 558A sets “standards for disclosure” in real estate

transactions).

       On this point, the district court noted: “Although the Petition did not

specifically refer to Code of Iowa Chapter 558A, the allegations of the Petition

essentially pled a cause of action under that Chapter.” After determining that

expert testimony on causation was required for Putman’s claim, the court

concluded: “In sum, all claims made by the Plaintiff, including negligent

misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation or violation of Chapter 558A to

the extent that cause of action could be considered pled by Plaintiff, are subject to

summary disposition for failure to designate or disclose experts on causation and

damages.”

       Summary judgment is appropriate when a plaintiff’s claims must be

supported by expert testimony and the plaintiff fails to designate an expert witness.

See Karnes v. Keffer Overton Assocs. Inc., No. 00-0191, 2001 WL 1443512, at *2

(Iowa Ct. App. Nov. 16, 2001) (“We agree with the district court that an expert was

necessary in this case and that failure to designate one was appropriate grounds

for summary judgment in favor of the defendants.”); accord City of Riverside v.
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Metro Pavers, Inc., No. 16-0923, 2017 WL 2875687, at *2–3 (Iowa Ct. App. July

6, 2017). Putman needed to designate an expert witness on her claim under

chapter 558A to establish her claim that the Walthers fell short in complying with

the standards for real estate disclosure.   Her failure to do so is grounds for

summary judgment.

      We affirm the district court’s decision granting summary judgment to the

Walthers.

      AFFIRMED.