Court Opinion

ID: 9953676
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-22 16:13:23.298116+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:42.939691
License: Public Domain

J-S43019-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellee                :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
  ROBERT L. SMITH                              :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :       No. 302 MDA 2023

             Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 23, 2023
                 In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-06-CR-0001278-2019

BEFORE:      McLAUGHLIN, J., KING, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.:                        FILED: MARCH 22, 2024

       Appellant, Robert L. Smith, appeals from the order entered in the Berks

County Court of Common Pleas, which denied his first petition filed under the

Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 We affirm.

       The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows. On

March 30, 2021, a jury convicted Appellant of the following charges: three

counts each of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, aggravated indecent

assault, indecent assault, endangering the welfare of children, and corruption

of minors; two counts of rape; and one count each of statutory sexual assault

and intimidation, retaliation, or obstruction in child abuse cases.       Jacob

____________________________________________

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
J-S43019-23

Gurwitz, Esquire, represented Appellant at his jury trial. On June 21, 2021,

the trial court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of 71 years and 9

months to 194 years’ incarceration, followed by 36 years of probation.

Appellant did not file a post-sentence motion or a direct appeal.

       On May 31, 2022, Appellant timely filed a counseled PCRA petition. In

his petition, Appellant claimed that Andrew Laird, Esquire (along with another

attorney in his law firm), who did not represent Appellant at trial, were

ineffective in failing to file post-sentence motions and/or a direct appeal on

Appellant’s behalf, after Appellant allegedly retained that firm following trial

to do so. The PCRA court held a hearing on the petition on September 13,

2022. The PCRA court summarized the relevant testimony from the hearing

as follows:

          Andrew Laird, Esquire, … was contacted by [Denise
          Bergman, Appellant’s girlfriend,] about [Appellant]’s case
          sometime prior to April of 2021. … His firm was not hired for
          [Appellant]’s trial.

          After [Appellant]’s trial, Ms. Bergman contacted Attorney
          Laird complaining that [Appellant] received poor
          representation at trial and that she believed Attorney
          Gurwitz was ineffective. She did not raise any trial court
          errors.[2]
____________________________________________

[2] Ms. Bergman testified that when she spoke to Attorney Laird, she expressed

her shock that Appellant had been convicted and discussed her concerns about
various aspects of how Appellant’s case was handled by Attorney Gurwitz. Ms.
Bergman stated that she did not recall telling Attorney Laird about any errors
committed by the court during this conversation. Attorney Laird testified that
his understanding of this conversation was that Ms. Bergman believed
Attorney Gurwitz provided ineffective assistance of counsel and she was
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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          On April 2, 2021, Ms. Bergman emailed Attorney Laird
          asking how much it would cost to file an appeal in
          [Appellant]’s case.   On April 7, 2021, Attorney Laird
          responded by email with a discussion of the various
          complexities involved with PCRA petitions and provided an
          estimate of $15,000.00 to $20,000.00 for representation.

          On April 8, 2021, Ms. Bergman emailed Attorney Laird and
          said that [Appellant] would be utilizing [a] public defender
          in his case due to the costs. She thanked Attorney Laird for
          his email about filing a PCRA petition. In response, on the
          same day, Attorney Laird said he highly recommended the
          public defender and said that she could call him if things
          didn’t go well.

          On June 24, 2021, Ms. Bergman emailed Attorney Laird
          stating that she had just talked to [Appellant] and that he
          told her a PCRA needs to be filed within 10 days and that
          there are 30 days to file to the appellate court. She said. “I
          just want to make sure you are taking care of this (which
          I’m sure you are).” Attorney Laird forwarded Ms. Bergman’s
          email to James Gallagher, Esquire, [another attorney at his
          firm], and asked him to check in with Ms. Bergman and
          make this a priority. Attorney Gallagher responded to
          Attorney Laird via email stating that Ms. Bergman was
          incorrect on the PCRA deadlines and that it will take time to
          obtain transcripts to determine if there is a basis to file a
          PCRA petition. Attorney Laird emailed Attorney Gallagher
          asking him to send a memo to Ms. Bergman advising her of
          the relevant timelines. These email exchanges all took place
          on June 24, 2021.

          Later in the day on June 24, 2021, Attorney Gallagher
          emailed Ms. Bergman. [He began by explaining that a PCRA
          petition is not the same as a request for reconsideration or
          an appeal from the verdict in the case.] He [further]
          explained that a request for a judge to reconsider a verdict
          or sentence must be filed within 10 days from the verdict or
          sentencing order. He said that an appeal to the Superior
____________________________________________

inquiring about retaining him for the purpose of filing a PCRA petition on
Appellant’s behalf.

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        Court has to be filed within 30 days and was limited to
        challenging legal and procedural defects that occurred
        leading up to the verdict and sentencing. He also set forth
        the applicable deadlines for filing a PCRA [petition].
        Attorney Gallagher confirmed his understanding that Ms.
        Bergman’s claims were based on Attorney Gurwitz’s alleged
        ineffectiveness and explained that he would need to review
        the transcript of the proceedings before filing a PCRA
        [petition].

        Attorney Laird’s firm was hired by Ms. Bergman to represent
        [Appellant] in a PCRA matter sometime after June 24, 2021.
        Transcripts were requested on June 30, 2021.

        On August 10, 2021, Ms. Bergman responded to Attorney
        Gallagher’s email asking if there was any new information
        on [Appellant]’s case. She also complained that [three
        individuals, who were identified by Attorney Gurwitz as
        potential witnesses, were present at Appellant’s trial and
        prohibited from entering the courtroom, but Attorney
        Gurwitz did not call them to testify.] She further complained
        that the jurors were escorted through the hallway in front
        of [other witnesses] before entering the courtroom, which
        she believed was improper.

        [After Attorney Gallagher discovered that he had a conflict
        of interest, Appellant]’s case was referred to another
        attorney sometime in October of 2021.

(PCRA Findings of Fact and Conclusion of Law, filed 1/23/23, at 5-7)

(numbered list omitted).

     The PCRA court denied relief on January 23, 2023. Appellant filed a

timely notice of appeal on February 22, 2023. On March 3, 2023, the court

ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of matters

complained of on appeal, and Appellant complied on March 21, 2023.

     Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

        1. Did the PCRA court err in denying Appellant’s ineffective

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         assistance of counsel claim for appellate counsel’s failure to
         file post-[sentence] motions?

         2. Did the PCRA court err in denying Appellant’s ineffective
         assistance of counsel claim for appellate counsel’s failure to
         file a direct appeal?

(Appellant’s Brief at 4).

      In his issues combined, Appellant asserts that Ms. Bergman hired

Attorney Laird and Attorney Gallagher to serve as Appellant’s appellate

counsel. Appellant argues that Ms. Bergman’s mention of a 10-day and 30-

day deadline in her email should have indicated to the attorneys that Appellant

wished to file a post-sentence motion and a direct appeal. Appellant asserts

that after receiving Ms. Bergman’s email, the attorneys had a duty to contact

Appellant and discuss possible appellate issues.         Appellant claims that

Attorneys Laird and Gallagher were per se ineffective for failing to file a

requested post-sentence motion and direct appeal. Alternatively, Appellant

contends that the attorneys were ineffective for failing to consult directly with

Appellant to clear up any confusion about Appellant’s appellate options after

Appellant demonstrated that he was interested in filing a direct appeal via Ms.

Bergman. Appellant concludes that the PCRA court erred in denying relief,

and this Court should reverse the PCRA court’s order and reinstate Appellant’s

direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. We disagree.

      “Our standard of review of the denial of a PCRA petition is limited to

examining whether the evidence of record supports the court’s determination

and whether its decision is free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Beatty,

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207 A.3d 957, 960-61 (Pa.Super. 2019), appeal denied, 655 Pa. 482, 218

A.3d 850 (2019). This Court grants great deference to the factual findings of

the PCRA court if the record contains any support for those findings.

Commonwealth v. Howard, 249 A.3d 1229 (Pa.Super. 2021). “[W]e review

the court’s legal conclusions de novo.” Commonwealth v. Prater, 256 A.3d

1274, 1282 (Pa.Super. 2021), appeal denied, ___ Pa. ___, 268 A.3d 386

(2021).

     “Counsel     is   presumed   to   have   rendered   effective   assistance.”

Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 231 A.3d 855, 871 (Pa.Super. 2020), appeal

denied, 663 Pa. 418, 242 A.3d 908 (2020).

          [T]o establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a
          defendant must show, by a preponderance of the evidence,
          ineffective assistance of counsel which, in the circumstances
          of the particular case, so undermined the truth-determining
          process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence
          could have taken place. The burden is on the defendant to
          prove all three of the following prongs: (1) the underlying
          claim is of arguable merit; (2) that counsel had no
          reasonable strategic basis for his or her action or inaction;
          and (3) but for the errors and omissions of counsel, there is
          a reasonable probability that the outcome of the
          proceedings would have been different.

Commonwealth v. Sandusky, 203 A.3d 1033, 1043 (Pa.Super. 2019),

appeal denied, 654 Pa. 568, 216 A.3d 1029 (2019) (internal citations and

quotation marks omitted).     The failure to satisfy any prong of the test for

ineffectiveness will cause the claim to fail. Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 612

Pa. 333, 30 A.3d 1111 (2011).

     An attorney’s failure to file a post-sentence motion, even if requested to

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do so, is not per se ineffectiveness. Commonwealth v. Reaves, 592 Pa.

134, 923 A.2d 1119 (2007) (concluding that PCRA petitioner was required to

establish actual prejudice where counsel’s alleged deficiency stemmed from

failure to move for reconsideration of sentence). Thus, a petitioner bears the

burden of pleading and proving that counsel’s failure to file a post-sentence

motion prejudiced him. Commonwealth v. Liston, 602 Pa. 10, 977 A.2d

1089 (2009).

      On the other hand, with respect to a claim that counsel failed to file a

requested direct appeal:

          Our Supreme Court has held that where “there is an
          unjustified failure to file a requested direct appeal, the
          conduct of counsel falls beneath the range of competence
          demanded of attorneys in criminal cases” and denies the
          accused the assistance of counsel that is guaranteed by the
          Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and
          Article I, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. Such
          an oversight constitutes prejudice and per se ineffectiveness
          under the PCRA. However, “[b]efore a court will find
          ineffectiveness of trial counsel for failing to file a direct
          appeal, Appellant must prove that he requested an appeal
          and that counsel disregarded this request.”

Commonwealth v. Mojica, 242 A.3d 949, 955 (Pa.Super. 2020) (internal

citations omitted). In other words, if counsel neglects to file a requested

direct appeal, “counsel is per se ineffective as the defendant was left with the

functional equivalent of no counsel.”    Commonwealth v. Markowitz, 32

A.3d 706, 715 (Pa.Super. 2011), appeal denied, 615 Pa. 764, 40 A.3d 1235

(2012).

      Even if a defendant does not expressly ask counsel to file a direct appeal,

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counsel still has a duty “to adequately consult with the defendant as to the

advantages and disadvantages of an appeal where there is reason to think

that a defendant would want to appeal.” Commonwealth v. Bath, 907 A.2d

619, 623 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal denied, 591 Pa. 695, 918 A.2d 741 (2007).

In this situation, where the defendant did not request counsel to file a direct

appeal but counsel failed to consult with the defendant, counsel is not per se

ineffective and the traditional three-prong test “is necessary to decide whether

counsel rendered constitutionally ineffective assistance by failing to advise his

client about his appellate rights.” Markowitz, supra at 716.

         Pursuant to [Roe v. Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S. 470, 120
         S.Ct. 1029, 145 L.Ed.2d 985 (2000) and its Pennsylvania
         expression, Commonwealth v. Touw, 781 A.2d 1250
         (Pa.Super. 2001)], counsel has a constitutional duty to
         consult with a defendant about an appeal where counsel has
         reason to believe either “(1) that a rational defendant would
         want to appeal (for example, because there are non-
         frivolous grounds for appeal), or (2) that this particular
         defendant reasonably demonstrated to counsel that he was
         interested in appealing.” [Id.] at 1254 (quoting Roe[,
         supra] at 480, 120 S.Ct. [at 1036]).

Bath, supra at 623.       “Where a petitioner can prove either factor, he

establishes that his claim has arguable merit.” Markowitz, supra at 716.

Further, prejudice in this context means a defendant must show a reasonable

probability that, but for counsel’s failure to consult, the defendant would have

sought additional review. Touw, supra at 1254.

      Instantly, the PCRA court found that neither Appellant nor Ms. Bergman

acting on Appellant’s behalf, communicated to Attorney Laird or Attorney

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Gallagher that Appellant wanted to file a post-sentence motion or a direct

appeal.   The record supports the court’s findings.      See Howard, supra;

Beatty, supra.     Specifically, our review of the record confirms that Ms.

Bergman, serving as Appellant’s means of communication, contacted Attorney

Laird after Appellant was convicted and raised concerns about trial counsel’s

poor representation of Appellant at trial.      From this initial conversation,

Attorney Laird’s understanding was that Appellant wished to file a PCRA

petition alleging various instances of trial counsel’s ineffectiveness.

      Thereafter, when Ms. Bergman inquired about costs, Attorney Laird

responded by explaining the intricacies of a PCRA petition and only quoted her

an estimate to file a PCRA petition.      At no time did Ms. Bergman inform

Attorney Laird or Attorney Gallagher that she wanted them to file a post-

sentence motion or appeal on Appellant’s behalf.       Notably, Ms. Bergman’s

primary concerns were about trial counsel’s alleged failures or deficiencies.

Additionally, Ms. Bergman did not correct the attorneys when they repeatedly

communicated their understanding that Appellant wanted to hire them for the

purpose of pursuing a PCRA petition.      Thus, Attorneys Laird and Gallagher

were not ineffective for failing to file a requested post-sentence motion or

direct appeal. See Mojica, supra. See also Reaves, supra.

      The PCRA court further determined that Appellant failed to establish that

the attorneys were ineffective for failing to consult with Appellant regarding a

direct appeal. From their initial involvement with Appellant’s case, Attorneys

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Laird and Gallagher were operating under the belief that Appellant was

retaining them to file a PCRA petition. The court found that Appellant did not

establish that he reasonably demonstrated an interest in a direct appeal such

that they had a duty to consult with him. The court explained:

          Ms. Bergman referenced the filing of a PCRA petition and
          the 30-day filing deadline to go to the appellate court in her
          email on June 24, 2021. She wanted to confirm that it was
          being taken care of. In response, Attorney Gallagher
          emailed Ms. Bergman explaining the various deadlines and
          the purpose behind filing a request for reconsideration, an
          appeal to the Superior Court and a PCRA appeal. He then
          set forth his understanding that [Appellant] wanted to raise
          Attorney Gurwitz’s ineffectiveness in a PCRA petition. When
          Ms. Bergman responded on August 10, 2021, she told
          Attorney Gallagher that Attorney Gurwitz failed to call
          certain witnesses [at trial, which again supported an]
          ineffectiveness claim.       She didn’t correct Attorney
          Gallagher’s understanding of the purpose of their
          representation, to file a PCRA petition or request that an
          appeal be filed. Therefore, … neither [Appellant] nor [Ms.]
          Bergman reasonably demonstrated that they were
          interested in appealing.

(PCRA Findings of Fact and Conclusion of Law at 29). The record supports the

court’s analysis. See Howard, supra; Beatty, supra. Appellant also failed

to identify any non-frivolous grounds for a direct appeal or otherwise

demonstrate that the circumstances of his case were such that the attorneys

should have known that a rational defendant would have wanted to file a direct

appeal.3 See Bath, supra. Therefore, we agree with the PCRA court that

____________________________________________

3 In his brief, Appellant vaguely notes that “trial counsel, at a minimum,
preserved [Appellant]’s weight and sufficiency arguments by moving for a
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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Appellant failed to establish ineffective assistance of counsel on the grounds

alleged.4 Accordingly, we affirm.

       Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Benjamin D. Kohler, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/22/2024

____________________________________________

judgment of acquittal at the conclusion of the Commonwealth’s case-in-chief.”
(Appellant’s Brief at 17). Nevertheless, Appellant does not elaborate on these
potential claims with any specificity or demonstrate in any manner that a
weight or sufficiency claim would not have been frivolous. See Bath, supra.
Likewise, we note that although Ms. Bergman mentioned in an e-mail to the
attorneys a claim that the jury had entered the courtroom improperly,
Appellant does not mention this claim on appeal as a potential non-frivolous
issue that would have obligated the attorneys to consult with him about an
appeal.

4 To the extent Appellant claims that Attorneys Laird and Gallagher were
ineffective because they failed to have reasonable procedures in place to
discover conflicts of interest in a timely manner, we note that Appellant did
not raise this claim in his PCRA petition or his 1925(b) concise statement. As
such, Appellant has waived this argument. See Commonwealth v. Castillo,
585 Pa. 395, 403, 888 A.2d 775, 780 (2005) (stating: “[A]ny issues not raised
in a [Rule] 1925(b) statement will be deemed waived”); Pa.R.A.P. 302(a)
(stating: “Issues not raised in the [PCRA] court are waived and cannot be
raised for the first time on appeal”).

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