Court Opinion

ID: 32253
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 18:51:40+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:56:21.989520
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                                                                       Fifth Circuit
                                                                    F I L E D
         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                    August 21, 2003
                  FIFTH CIRCUIT
                                                                Charles R. Fulbruge III
                      ____________                                      Clerk
                      No. 02-30891
                      ____________

FRERET MARINE SUPPLY, a division of Freret Hardware Inc,

                         Plaintiff - Appellee,

and

NOEL NOLASCO; EDUARDO SEDO; SERGIY BILOGOLOVY;
OLEKSANDR ZHUKOV; YURIY PALAMARCHUK; DIXIE
TRADING CORPORATION; AIR MOVEMENT INC; AIR
SPECIALTY; ET AL

                         Intervenor Plaintiffs - Appellees,

versus

HARRIS TRUST & SAVINGS BANK,

                         Intervenor Plaintiff - Appellant,

versus

ENCHANTED CAPRI MV, Etc

                        Defendant,
______________________________________________________
RELIABLE DISPOSAL COMPANY INC

                         Plaintiff - Appellee,

versus

ENCHANTED CAPRI MV, Etc

                         Defendant,

versus
HARRIS TRUST & SAVINGS BANK

                        Appellant,
______________________________________________________
A&L SALES INC

                        Plaintiff - Appellee,

versus

ENCHANTED CAPRI MV, Etc

                        Defendant,

versus

HARRIS TRUST & SAVINGS BANK,

                        Appellant,
______________________________________________________
                   Case No. 02-31156

EFFJOHN INTERNATIONAL CRUISE HOLDINGS INC; EFF-
SHIPPING LIMITED

                        Plaintiffs - Appellees,

RALSTON MOODIE; VIOLET DOCK PORT INC; A&L SALES
INC; RELIABLE DISPOSAL COMPANY INC; FRERET MARINE
SUPPLY; BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF THE PORT OF
NEW ORLEANS; AMWEST SURETY INSURANCE COMPANY;
SWISS REINSURANCE AMERICA CORPORATION; COOPER/T
SMITH STEVEDORING INC; CRESCENT TOWING INC;
MARINE MEDICAL UNIT INC; GEORGE OTT
TRANSPORTATION INC; CASTROL NORTH AMERICA INC;
ADVANCE MARINE INC; SCHEURING SECURITY INC;
ABELARD SOTARIDONA

                        Intervenor Plaintiffs - Appellees,

versus

                          -2-
                 HARRIS TRUST & SAVINGS BANK

                                                Intervenor Plaintiff - Appellant,

                 versus

                 ENCHANTED ISLE MV, its appurtenances, engines, equipment,
                 tackle, etc, in rem; ALMIRA ENTERPRISES INC, in personam

                                                Defendants - Appellees,

                 and

                 CUSIMANO PRODUCE CO

                                                Movant - Appellee.

                            Appeals from the United States District Court
                                for the Eastern District of Louisiana
                                            01-CV-2617

Before EMILIO M. GARZA and DENNIS, Circuit Judges, and HEAD,* District Judge.

PER CURIAM:**

       Harris Trust and Savings Bank (“Harris”) appeals the district court’s denial of maritime lien

status with regard to Harris’s claims against the M/V ENCHANTED CAPRI (“CAPRI”) and M/V

ENCHANTED ISLE (“ISLE”). This case arises out of the insolvency of New Commodore Cruise

Lines Limited (“Commodore”), a Florida-based company that operated a number of luxury cruise

vessels.

       *
           District Judge of the Southern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
       **
          Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.

                                                  -3-
       In 2001, creditors of the CAPRI and the ISLE seized the vessels and filed in rem claims

against each vessel. Both of the vessels were sold at public auction, and a number of claimants are

now competing for the limited funds generated by the sales. Harris intervened in each of the in rem

actions and asserted claims under the Commercial Instruments and Maritime Liens Act (“CIMLA”),

46 U.S.C. § 31342, for alleged “necessaries.” In each case, Harris moved for summary judgment on

the validity of its claims, while some of the other claimants1 argued that Harris’s claims should be

dismissed. The district court granted the claimants’ motions for summary judgment and denied

Harris’s motions, holding (1) that the underlying contract was non-maritime; (2) that the financial

services that Harris provided to Commodore were not “necessaries” under CIMLA; and (3) that

Harris did not have a lien against the vessels under the “rule of advances.” Harris timely appealed,

and the ISLE and CAPRI actions have now been consolidated.

       Harris’s in rem claims against the CAPRI and the ISLE are premised on a 1998 Merchant

Service Agreement (“MSA”) between Harris and Commodore. The MSA is the entire agreement

between the parties and its provisions detail the credit card services pro vided by Harris to

Commodore. Generally, Harris processed the credit card transactions for prospective cruise

passengers when they booked a cruise with Commodore and paid the advance deposit with a VISA

or Mastercard credit card. Harris would forward the charges to VISA and Mastercard, receive the

funds from VISA and Mast ercard, and forward these sums, minus a 3.1% fee, to Commodore’s

accounts. Commodore’s accounts were segregated by vessel name, such that an account existed for

the CAPRI and a separate account existed for the ISLE, and the passengers’ deposits were

       1
        Freret Marine Supply and EffJohn International Cruise Holdings, Inc. sought to have Harris’s
claims dismissed in the CAPRI and ISLE actions, respectively.

                                                -4-
segregated accordingly.

        When Commodore declared bankruptcy, the customers that had charged their deposits for

upcoming cruises on the CAPRI and the ISLE sought to have their deposits returned. Most of these

customers had t heir money refunded by seeking a “charge back” to their VISA and Mastercard

accounts. Harris, in turn, was contractually obligated to remit the funds to the credit card companies.

Harris was not insured for the “charge back” liability, nor was it named on Commodore’s Federal

Maritime Commission Passenger Vessel Surety Bond. According to Harris, it has incurred “charge

back” liability of at least $610,962.

        We review a grant or denial of summary judgment de novo, using the same criteria employed

by the district court. Mongrue v. Monsanto Co., 249 F.3d 422, 428 (5th Cir. 2001). Summary

judgment is proper if, drawing all inferences in favor of the non-moving party, there is no genuine

issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id.; FED. R.

CIV. P. 56(c). With regard to this case, the parties have agreed that the appeal turns solely on

disputed issues of law. Thus, we must simply decide whether Harris’s “charge back” liability gives

rise to maritime liens against the CAPRI and the ISLE under CIMLA.

        On this issue, we find the district court’s opinions to be well-reasoned and persuasive. For

generally the same reasons given by the district court, we hold that the MSA is not maritime in nature,

such that there is a “direct and substantial link between the contract and the operation of the ship[s],

[their] navigation, or [their] management afloat, taking into account the needs of the shipping

industry.” In re SeaEscape Cruises Ltd., 191 B.R. 944, 951 (S.D. Fla. 1995) (emphasis added and

internal quotation marks removed), aff’d sub nom. Maduro Travel v. Skandinaviska, 98 F.3d 1353

(11th Cir. 1996).

                                                  -5-
         In addition, we hold that Harris did not “provid[e] necessaries to” the CAPRI and the ISLE

such that a maritime lien arose in its favor. 46 U.S.C. § 31342; Racal Survey USA, Inc. v. M/V

COUNT FLEET, 231 F.3d 183, 192 (5th Cir. 2000) (“Maritime liens are stricti juris and will not be

extended by construction, analogy, or inference.”). Again, we find the district court’s opinions

convincing on this point.       In particular, it appears that Harris’s services were provided to

Commodore, not the vessels. Further, the MSA does not ment ion the vessels, but was instead

secured with a reserve account.

         Finally, we find Harris’s argument that it is entitled to a lien under the rule of advances to be

meritless. Harris has not provided any evidence that the monies it advanced to Commodore were

supposed to be used for “necessaries,” or that, in fact, the funds were used to purchase “necessaries.”

See Tramp Oil & Marine, Ltd. v. M/V MERMAID I, 805 F.2d 42, 45 (1st Cir 1986) (noting that the

rule of advances applies when any “person advancing money to a ship on the order of the master . . .

for the purposes of satisfying outstanding or future lien claims . . . is entitled to a lien of equal

dignity . . . provided the amounts so advanced are actually applied to the payment of such debts”

(emphasis added)); Inland Credit Corp. v. M/T BOW EGRET, 552 F.2d 1148, 1152-53 (5th Cir.

1977).

         For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

                                                   -6-