Court Opinion

ID: 4570337
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-09-28 18:02:28.188793+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:30:03.965615
License: Public Domain

Filed 9/28/20 B.W. v. Superior Court CA1/4

                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or
ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

          IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                      FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION FOUR

 B.W. et al.,
             Petitioners,                                               A160436
                   v.                                                   (San Francisco City & County
 THE SUPERIOR COURT OF                                                  Super. Ct. No. JD183161)
 THE CITY AND COUNTY OF
 SAN FRANCISCO,
             Respondent;
 SAN FRANCISCO HUMAN
 SERVICES AGENCY et al.,
             Real Parties in Interest.

         This writ arises from dependency proceedings involving J.T., a boy born
in 2015. At the jurisdiction/disposition hearing, J.T.’s father, E.T. (Father),
who was incarcerated, waived reunification services. At a subsequent review
hearing, the juvenile court terminated reunification services to J.T.’s mother,
B.W. (Mother), and set a selection and implementation hearing under
Welfare and Institutions Code section 366.26.1 Father filed a petition for
extraordinary writ relief, contending his court-appointed counsel provided

         1   Undesignated statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions
Code.

                                                               1
ineffective assistance when she advised him to waive reunification services at
disposition.2 We deny the petition.
                             I. BACKGROUND
A. The Petition and Detention
      On July 17, 2018, the San Francisco Human Services Agency (the
Agency) filed a dependency petition on behalf of three-year-old J.T., as well as
a detention report. The petition and report stated that, on July 13, 2018,
while at the beach and in front of several witnesses, Mother took J.T. into the
San Francisco Bay, out to a depth of about three feet, set him down, and
walked away. J.T. was wearing jeans, shoes, a sweater, and a heavy coat.
He was able to walk out of the water onto the beach, but he was cold, wet,
and crying. Police arrived, and J.T. was taken first to the hospital, and then
into protective custody. Mother was arrested.
      The detention report stated Father was incarcerated in San Bruno
County Jail and had been incarcerated since June 2014 (before J.T.’s birth).
Father stated he had regular visits with J.T. at the jail.
      At the detention hearing on July 18, 2018, the court appointed counsel
for both parents, appointing Amanda Inocencio as counsel for Father (who
was then listed as J.T.’s alleged father). The court ordered J.T. detained in
foster care. Supervised visits were ordered for Mother, and the Agency had
discretion to arrange supervised visitation for Father.

      2 Mother filed a notice of intent to file a writ petition, but Mother’s
counsel then filed a petition raising no issues. In a declaration accompanying
the petition, counsel states she informed Mother that counsel did not find any
arguable issues. Mother did not file a petition or brief. Since neither Mother
nor her counsel has raised any issues, we now dismiss Mother’s petition.

                                        2
      In August 2018, Father filed a statement of parentage, stating he had
signed a voluntary declaration of paternity shortly after J.T.’s birth. Also in
August 2018, the court elevated Father’s status to presumed parent.
B. Jurisdiction and Disposition; Father’s Waiver of Services
      In a report filed in August 2018 for the jurisdiction/disposition hearing,
the Agency reported Father was still incarcerated and was expected to be
released in one to two years. Father had been incarcerated since Mother was
pregnant, so he had not lived with J.T., but he had visited with him when
family members brought J.T. to the jail, and was now having one-on-one
visits through the One Family program. Mother had significant mental
health difficulties, had attempted suicide shortly after the incident that led to
J.T.’s detention, and had been placed in a psychiatric hospital with plans to
transition to a locked residential facility. As to Father, the Agency, citing
section 361.5, subdivision (e), recommended not offering reunification
services due to the anticipated length of his incarceration. The Agency
stated, however, that it encouraged visitation between J.T. and Father, and
would support visitation through the One Family program.
      In a September 2018 addendum report, the Agency stated Father had
been transferred to San Francisco County Jail. Mother had been transferred
from the psychiatric hospital to a mental health rehabilitation center. J.T.
had been placed with a family friend in August 2018. Father and his
attorney in the criminal case believed he might be able to bargain for a
release date as early as October 2018, and that there was a 50 percent chance
that would occur. As to services, the Agency stated: “If he is released,
[Father] will be entering a halfway house where he will receive case
management services to help him transition back into the community. If he
is released and choose[s] to participate in reunification services, those
services are outlined below. However, he may choose to waive reunification
                                        3
services at this time. In this case, we would recommend that he continue to
have supervised visitation with his son. If he is incarcerated beyond the
statutory time limits for services, the agency would revert to the original
recommendation to bypass him for services under [section 361.5,
subdivision (e)].”
      At the jurisdiction/disposition hearing on September 26, 2018, Father
appeared over the phone, and his attorney, Ms. Inocencio, was present. The
parties had reached an agreement on jurisdiction and disposition. The initial
dependency petition filed in July was amended by interlineation, and the
Agency filed an amended petition. The amended petition included three
counts, all under section 300, subdivision (b), including one count pertaining
to Mother’s mental illness, one stating J.T. had suffered physical and
emotional harm as a result of Mother’s actions, and one pertaining to Father,
which read: “The father, who is currently incarcerated and has been
incarcerated since before the minor was born, has had regular visitation with
the minor, and is unable to supervise or protect the minor adequately from
the mother, who has a history of mental health issues, placing the minor at
risk of physical harm or death.”
      Both parents waived their trial rights and submitted to the amended
petition based on the Agency’s reports. Father’s attorney, Ms. Inocencio,
presented the court with a signed waiver of rights (Judicial Council form
JV-190) and a signed waiver of reunification services (Judicial Council form
JV-195). Counsel stated she had gone over both forms with Father. Counsel
reported that, although a transport request had been made, the Sheriff ’s
Department had determined Father was ineligible to be transported to court
for the hearing. Counsel stated that was an error, but it was remedied by
working with the Sheriff ’s Department to make him available by phone.

                                       4
Ms. Inocencio stated she had spoken with Father by phone right before the
hearing, and she reported Father would “submit to not being transported
today and instead appearing telephonically.”
      The court then addressed Father and asked him about the two forms.
Father confirmed he had signed and initialed the forms, had discussed them
with his attorney, and knew what he was doing when he signed them. Based
on this colloquy, the court found Father had entered a “knowing, intelligent,
free, and voluntary waiver of trial rights” and a “knowing, intelligent, free,
and voluntary waiver of services.”
      On the waiver of reunification services form itself (Judicial Council
form JV-195), Father signed at the bottom and initialed boxes next to
statements confirming that he understood the types of available services, did
not wish to receive services, did not wish to reunify with his child, and
understood that if no services were ordered, the court ultimately could
terminate parental rights and place the child for adoption. He also initialed a
box next to a statement confirming that “I have discussed my rights with my
attorney, and I knowingly and intelligently waive these services.” Father’s
attorney, Ms. Inocencio, signed below a paragraph on the form stating that
she had explained to Father the nature of reunification services and the
statutory time limits applicable to them, and had advised him of his right to
services and the potential consequences of waiving them, “including the
likelihood that parental rights will be terminated and the child placed for
adoption.” She stated she was satisfied that Father understood his rights
and was voluntarily waiving them.
      After the court found Father had voluntarily waived services, Father’s
counsel, Ms. Inocencio, stated: “And, your Honor, if I could just interject with
some information to the Court at this point. [Father] is currently in custody

                                        5
in San Francisco, as you know. It is anticipated that he may be released
somewhere in the near future, and after that date he intends to possibly go
into a halfway house. Currently he’s having visitations with [J.T.], and
they’re going quite well. It is my understanding that there is an intention by
the Agency to continue the visitation between the father and the child.
[¶] And in my communications with [Father], it would be his intention, once
he’s released from custody, whatever time that is in the future, to then
request from this Court access to receive services so that he might engage in
reunification with his son. [¶] I have explained to him the information
around the limited amount of time that [M]other could engage in
reunification services; and at the end of that time, should she not reunify, the
Court would have an obligation to either put [J.T.] into one of three settings,
one being possible adoption, and [Father] is aware of that timeline and the
possibility of that happening. His request would be that it wouldn’t happen
because he would like to reunify with his son, but he does understand the
potential consequences.” The court replied, “Okay.”
      The court then made jurisdiction and disposition findings. The court
found true the allegations in the amended petition, declared J.T. a
dependent, approved the Agency’s placement of him with a non-relative
extended family member, and ordered reunification services and therapeutic
visitation for Mother. The court also ordered the continuation of supervised
visitation for Father.
C. The Six-Month Review Hearing
      At the six-month review hearing on March 28, 2019, the court adopted
the Agency’s recommendation to continue services for Mother until the
12-month review hearing.
      In its report for the six-month review hearing, the Agency reported
Mother had been “permanently conserved” in December 2018. She remained
                                       6
in a locked psychiatric facility. It was possible she would be moved soon to a
less restrictive environment. She was participating in therapeutic visitation
with J.T.
      Father was still incarcerated in San Francisco County Jail. As of the
writing of the report, Father had been incarcerated for four years eight
months. Father had attended parenting classes and weekly support groups
for fathers. He was receiving services through Pathways, which would
connect him to the No Violence Alliance (NoVA) when he was no longer
incarcerated. NoVA would provide assistance with employment and housing.
Father stated he planned to use NoVA’s wraparound services upon his
release, which could be as early as July 2019.
      The Agency was transporting J.T. to jail about every other week for
supervised visits with Father. J.T. knew who his father was and enjoyed
seeing and interacting with him. Father was nurturing, affectionate, and
attentive during the supervised visits. While noting Father had waived
services, the Agency stated that if he was released from custody soon, the
Agency would evaluate him as a placement option. The Agency encouraged
Father to continue the supervised visits with J.T.
      J.T. was participating in therapy and sometimes discussed with his
foster mother the trauma he endured while in Mother’s care. For example,
J.T. stated Mother put him in a closet and tied him up and taped his mouth.
      The Agency was planning to move J.T. from his current placement with
Mother’s godmother to the home of a female paternal cousin, who was willing
to adopt J.T. if neither Mother nor Father was able to reunify with him.
Mother’s godmother was not willing or able to provide permanency for J.T.
J.T. was having biweekly visits with his cousin, which had moved from
supervised to unsupervised. J.T. looked forward to the visits. His cousin was

                                       7
committed to having both Mother and Father in J.T.’s life even if they did not
reunify. The cousin had an adopted son who continued to have relationships
with his biological parents.
      At the six-month review hearing, Father was not present. His
attorney, Ms. Inocencio, stated: “He’s in custody. He’s not being transferred
today. He’s not receiving services. He waived at the disposition. However,
he is doing voluntary services while he’s in custody. Visitation is going well
between him and his son.” Ms. Inocencio later stated: “[I]t’s possibly
foreseeable that the father may be released from custody in early summer, in
which case I just wanted to kind of give folks a heads up that I may be filing
a JV-180 [i.e., a section 388 petition on Judicial Council form JV-180] for
services for him to join the case substantively . . . .”
D. The 12-Month Review Hearing
      In its report for the 12-month review hearing scheduled for
September 19, 2019, the Agency recommended that the court terminate
Mother’s reunification services and set a selection and implementation
hearing under section 366.26. The Agency stated that, although Mother had
made some progress in her treatment plan and her visits with J.T., there
were still concerns about Mother’s mental health and her ability to care for
herself and for J.T.
      Father remained incarcerated at the county jail in San Francisco and
expected to be released soon. Father’s probation officer, however, stated
Father did not have an expected release date. The Agency continued to
transport J.T. to visits at the county jail, which increased from biweekly to
weekly, and the visitation reports continued to reflect that Father was
attentive and nurturing.
      The Agency reported that J.T. had moved to the home of his paternal
cousin in May 2019. The concurrent plan for J.T. if reunification failed was
                                          8
adoption by his cousin. Father identified the same cousin as part of his social
support system, along with Father’s father.
      Although J.T. was doing well in his new placement, he was having
difficulty processing trauma from his experiences in his prior placement. J.T.
stated that his former foster parent, Mother’s godmother, had “ ‘whoop[ed]’ ”
him with her hands. This allegation was substantiated. The paternal cousin
also reported in August that, after visits with Mother, J.T. stated Mother had
laughed when he told her that his former foster mother spanked him. The
paternal cousin stated J.T. is fearful when he is approached too quickly when
he has behavior difficulties. Also in August, however, J.T.’s therapeutic
visitation clinician reported J.T. was doing well and could transition out of
therapy. J.T.’s paternal cousin advocated for continuing his mental health
treatment.
      At the 12-month review hearing on September 19, 2019, Father
appeared by telephone, and his attorney, Ms. Inocencio, was present.
Ms. Inocencio stated she had had extensive conversations with Father’s
criminal attorney and it was expected he would have a sentencing hearing
soon and be released with credit for time served. Ms. Inocencio also stated
that Father was not opposed to the Agency’s recommendation to terminate
Mother’s services and only asked that he be offered supervised visitation
upon his release from custody, a request the court granted. Mother opposed
the recommendation to terminate her services, and the matter was continued
for a contested hearing.
      At the contested hearing on October 21, 2019, the court continued
Mother’s services to the 18-month review hearing, finding there was a
substantial probability J.T. would be returned to Mother’s care by then. The

                                       9
court set the 18-month hearing for January 16, 2020 (i.e., 18 months after
J.T.’s removal from parental custody in July 2018).
E. The 18-Month Review Hearing
      In a report submitted in December 2019 for the 18-month review
hearing set for January 16, 2020, the Agency again recommended that
Mother’s services be terminated and that a selection and implementation
hearing under section 366.26 be set. The Agency stated that, although
Mother had made progress in her treatment plan and was compliant with her
medication, she needed more time to stabilize and become independent. In
addition, J.T. was exhibiting complex symptoms of posttraumatic stress
disorder, and he needed the support of a caregiver who was stable and able to
address his ongoing needs.
      Father was still incarcerated and was having visits with J.T. Father
was appropriate during the visits, but J.T. had recently begun having
“extreme tantrums” during the visits. Even with the help of the visitation
supervisor, Father was unable to get J.T. to stabilize.
      During the reporting period, J.T. had engaged in concerning behaviors,
including hurting himself, asking his cousin’s son to hurt him, and exposing
himself at his placement and at school. He had severe tantrums and reported
dreams in which someone was trying to kill him. The social worker spoke
with J.T.’s new therapist, who stated that J.T.’s caregiver, his paternal
cousin, had been very consistent and understanding with J.T., and his
behaviors had decreased. The therapist stated J.T. needs stability and
structure.
      The Agency also consulted with a professor in the UCSF psychiatry
department who, based on information she was provided about Mother’s
diagnoses and J.T.’s symptoms of emotional trauma, opined it would not be
safe to return J.T. to Mother’s care. She stated J.T.’s symptoms were
                                      10
indicative of complex posttraumatic stress disorder, which untreated could
result in psychosis. She also stated: “ ‘Given the potential genetic loading for
psychosis, it is imperative to protect this child from additional stresses that
can trigger chronic mental health difficulties.’ ”
      Mother contested the Agency’s recommendation, and the 18-month
review hearing was continued from January 16, 2020, to March 10, 2020, and
then to April 20, 2020.
      On February 20, 2020, the court granted a request for de facto parent
status filed by J.T.’s paternal cousin and caregiver, a request that was
supported by J.T.’s counsel.
      On March 3, 2020, Father’s counsel, Ms. Inocencio, filed a motion to
withdraw as counsel, stating there had been an irreconcilable breakdown in
the attorney-client relationship. Ms. Inocencio stated that Father had filed a
complaint with the State Bar about her and had told her that he no longer
trusted her. The court granted the motion on March 4, 2020, and appointed
attorney Andrew Safont to represent Father.
      In an addendum report filed on April 3, 2020, for the April 20 hearing
date, the Agency confirmed its recommendation that the court terminate
Mother’s services and set a section 366.26 hearing. The Agency reported that
Father was released from jail on February 7, 2020. He entered a guilty plea
to one count of second degree robbery and one count of possession of a
firearm. He was sentenced to five years eight months, was given credit for
time served, and would be on parole for up to three years.
      Father was living in supportive housing through NoVA and could stay
there for up to one year. He was working with his case manager to locate his
own housing and was working with Legal Aid to be added to his father’s
lease. Father was employed 20 hours per week and was doing volunteer

                                       11
work with at-risk youth. After the COVID-19 shelter-in-place was imposed,
he continued to work remotely. He was also attending weekly substance
abuse and recovery groups. His therapist stated that Father had made the
best of his time while incarcerated. The therapist was very impressed with
Father and described him as organized and attentive.
      When Father was released, the Agency referred him for supervised
visitation, but the visits did not initially take place due to a conflict with
Father’s work schedule. Before that issue could be resolved, all of San
Francisco County’s non-essential services were closed due to COVID-19.
Since that time, the Agency has allowed virtual visits, and Father has had
weekly video chat calls with J.T. J.T. talks to Father for 15–20 minutes
before asking his caregiver if he can get off the phone.
      At the hearing on April 20, 2020, the court continued the contested
18-month hearing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this time to June 26, 2020.
Counsel for Mother, J.T., and the Agency appeared at the April 20 hearing by
phone. Father’s counsel, Mr. Safont, did not appear, nor did Mother or
Father, but appearances were waived due to COVID-19.
      On April 24, 2020, the Agency filed a section 388 petition to reduce
Mother’s visitation with J.T. to one therapeutically supervised visit per
month. J.T.’s caregiver had reported that, after J.T.’s visits with Mother, J.T.
was having increased episodes of screaming, repetitive behaviors, kicking on
the floor, tantrums, and self-harming behaviors. J.T.’s therapist stated J.T.
was at a critical developmental stage and stressed the importance of
mitigating any threats to his mental health. The court granted the request
on a temporary basis on April 27, 2020 (pending a hearing), and then granted
the section 388 petition after a hearing on May 20, 2020.

                                        12
      On June 16, 2020, in advance of the contested 18-month review
hearing, the Agency filed another addendum report, adding a request that
Mother’s visits be terminated. After the reduction in visitation, J.T. had had
fewer “episodes,” and he did not ask to see Mother. J.T.’s therapist tried to
address visitation with J.T., but J.T. replied that he did not want visitation
because Mother tied him up in jump ropes and wrapped him up in blankets.
The therapist agreed with the Agency’s request to terminate Mother’s
visitation.
      In June 2020, the visitation supervisor for Father reported visits had
not occurred due to technical difficulties with the caregiver’s phone.
Apparently this was resolved because the Agency’s report also states the
caregiver was supervising calls between Father and J.T., and the caregiver
reported the visits were positive.
      The report stated J.T. was thriving in his cousin’s home and they had a
strong bond.
      At the contested 18-month review hearing on June 26, 2020, Father
was present by phone with his newly assigned attorney, Julia Ten Eyck.
Ms. Ten Eyck reported she had recently received the case from the bar
association. The court appointed her as Father’s counsel. Ms. Ten Eyck had
submitted (but not filed) a section 388 petition on the day of the hearing
asking that Father be offered six months of reunification services. The court
stated it would set a hearing date on the petition after it was filed. The court
proceeded with the contested hearing on the request to terminate Mother’s
services.
      At the conclusion of the June 26, 2020 hearing, the court adopted the
Agency’s recommendations, terminated Mother’s reunification services,
terminated Mother’s visits, and set a section 366.26 hearing for October 21,

                                       13
2020. The court gave the Agency discretion to arrange unsupervised
visitation with Father upon 72 hours’ notice to all counsel.
                              II. DISCUSSION
      Father contends his then-counsel, Ms. Inocencio, provided ineffective
assistance at the disposition hearing by misstating the consequences of his
waiver of services, leaving him with “the mistaken belief that he could waive
his reunification services [at] disposition and then seek them again at a later
date when he was released from jail.” To succeed on this claim, Father must
demonstrate his attorney’s performance fell below an objective standard of
reasonableness and prejudiced him. (In re Jackson W. (2010)
184 Cal. App. 4th 247, 261.) The customary way to raise an ineffective
assistance claim in a dependency proceeding is by filing a habeas corpus
petition in the juvenile court (id. at p. 258), but an ineffective assistance
claim “may be effectively raised as part of an appeal in the rare case where
the appellate record demonstrates ‘there simply could be no satisfactory
explanation’ for trial counsel’s action or inaction.” (In re S.D. (2002)
99 Cal. App. 4th 1068, 1077.)
      Father contends that here the record demonstrates “there could be no
reasonable strategic reason for [counsel’s] choices,” because at the disposition
hearing counsel “fundamentally misstated the consequences of the applicable
law and the waiver she submitted on behalf of ” Father. We disagree.
      At the disposition hearing in September 2018, after the court accepted
Father’s waiver of services, Father’s counsel stated that Father intended to
request reunification services upon his release from custody, and that she
had advised him the court could terminate parental rights if Mother did not
reunify within the prescribed statutory period. At the six-month review
hearing in March 2019, counsel mentioned this point again, stating that it

                                        14
was possible Father would be released in early summer 2019, and that if he
was, counsel might file on his behalf a “JV-180” (i.e., a request to change a
court order under section 388, using Judicial Council form JV-180) to obtain
reunification services.
      Father argues that counsel’s statements show that she ignored, and
misled Father about, how difficult it would be to “revoke” his waiver of
services later in the proceedings. The record does not demonstrate that
counsel acted unreasonably. At most, counsel’s statements suggest she
believed that, upon Father’s release (if that occurred while the reunification
period for Mother was still ongoing), it would be possible to request
reunification services for Father, a request that she later suggested would be
made by filing a section 388 petition.
      Counsel’s understanding that such a request could be made in the
future was correct. Under section 388, a parent alleging a change of
circumstances may petition the juvenile court to “change, modify, or set aside
any order of court previously made” (§ 388, subd. (a)(1), italics added),
including a prior order directing that the parent not receive reunification
services (see In re G.B. (2014) 227 Cal. App. 4th 1147, 1151, 1153–1154, 1157–
1158).3 And a juvenile court may in some circumstances order services even
if a statutory ground for denying them—such as a parent’s waiver of services
under section 361.5, subdivision (b)(14)—exists. (§ 361.5, subds. (b)
[reunification services “need not be provided” when a listed ground for bypass
exists], (c)(2) [when a listed ground for bypass exists, court “shall not order

      3 As discussed above, Father apparently has filed such a petition. At
the June 26, 2020 hearing at which the court terminated Mother’s services,
Father’s current counsel, Ms. Ten Eyck, had submitted but not yet filed a
section 388 petition (“a JV-180”) asking that services be provided to Father.

                                         15
reunification . . . unless the court finds, by clear and convincing evidence, that
reunification is in the best interest of the child”], italics added.)
      Cynthia C. v. Superior Court (1999) 72 Cal. App. 4th 1196, cited by
Father, does not hold that a waiver of services forecloses a later section 388
petition to receive services. In Cynthia C., the appellate court held the
juvenile court did not abuse its discretion by denying a parent’s request to
withdraw a waiver of services she had entered months earlier under section
361.5, former subdivision (b)(13) (now subdivision (b)(14)). (Cynthia C.,
supra, at pp. 1197, 1200–1201.) The appellate court stated: “There is no
provision in the code or the Rules of Court for withdrawal of a waiver.
[Citations.] Nor have we found any authority discussing whether a court
may or should address a request to withdraw a waiver of reunification
services. Surely that would be permissible in appropriate cases where the
requirements of the statute were not satisfied or a parent was coerced or
misled into waiving her rights. Further, when a parent has an immediate
change of heart . . . , relief might be appropriate. [¶] In this case, however,
. . . [n]o evidence emerged demonstrating [the parent] was misled, coerced, or
confused . . . . To the contrary, all the evidence demonstrated her
appreciation of what she was doing and that . . . she simply changed her
mind.” (Id. at pp. 1200–1201.)
      Although Cynthia C. found relief from a waiver unwarranted under the
circumstances, it recognized certain situations may support such relief. We
agree, and we conclude it was not unreasonable for Father’s counsel to
believe that a viable course of action upon Father’s release from custody
would be to file a section 388 petition alleging changed circumstances and
that the provision of services to Father would be in J.T.’s best interests.
(§ 388, subds. (a)(1), (d); see § 361.5, subd. (c)(2).) Counsel’s statements to the

                                         16
court that she might pursue such a course do not establish ineffective
assistance of counsel.4
      Other circumstances confirm that counsel could have had a reasonable
basis for advising Father to waive services at disposition (while planning to
seek them later via a section 388 petition depending on Father’s release
date). First, if Father had not waived services, the court might have denied
them under section 361.5, subdivision (e) (governing services to incarcerated
parents), an approach the Agency was recommending in the event Father—a
parent who had never lived with his young child—was incarcerated beyond
the statutory time limit for services. (See § 361.5, subd. (e)(1) [authorizing
denial of services to incarcerated parent if services would be detrimental to
the child; in determining detriment, court is to consider factors including
child’s age, degree of parent-child bonding, and length of sentence].)
      Second, while in jail, Father was able to participate in some services.
The Agency facilitated supervised visitation between J.T. and Father. The
visits went well and allowed Father to bond with J.T. Father also
participated in programs such as parenting classes and support groups for
fathers. By waiving Agency-provided services, Father did not give up the
chance to work toward possible reunification with J.T.
      Third, we note that, from the outset of the dependency proceeding, it
appeared possible that J.T. would be placed with a relative if reunification
with Mother and Father did not occur. For example, at the first hearing in

      4It is not clear the Agency would have opposed such a request if Father
had been released at an early enough point in Mother’s reunification period.
As discussed above, in its March 2019 report for the six-month review
hearing, the Agency noted Father had waived services but stated that if he
were released from custody soon, the Agency would evaluate him as a
placement option.

                                       17
the case (the detention hearing in July 2018), both paternal and maternal
relatives attended, and counsel for both parents stated relatives were
interested in placement. In particular, Father’s counsel, Ms. Inocencio, noted
that a paternal cousin who was at the hearing was a licensed foster care
provider. The Agency later placed J.T. with that cousin; she wants to adopt
J.T.; and Father identified her as a member of his own support system. The
cousin told the Agency that she is committed to having both Mother and
Father be part of J.T.’s life even if he does not reunify with them. In light of
the possibility of a relative placement, Father and his counsel reasonably
could believe that waiving participation in an Agency-directed reunification
program might not result in Father’s losing all contact with his son.
      In addition to the decision to waive services at disposition, Father
asserts briefly that his then-counsel, Ms. Inocencio, provided ineffective
assistance because she did not file a section 388 petition seeking services
immediately after his release from custody in February 2020. This
undeveloped argument does not establish ineffective assistance on this
record. We note Ms. Inocencio may not have had much opportunity, after
Father’s release, to consider and discuss with him the best course of action.
She was relieved as counsel on March 4, 2020, less than a month after
Father’s release, after filing a motion to withdraw in which she stated there
had been an “irreparable breakdown” in the attorney-client relationship.5 In
any event, it is not possible to determine from this record that there could
have been no reasonable basis for counsel’s decision.

      5As noted above, the court appointed Andrew Safont as counsel for
Father at the March 4 hearing, then appointed Father’s current counsel,
Julia Ten Eyck, in June.

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      Because we conclude Father has not shown on this record that his
counsel’s performance was deficient, we need not address whether any failing
by counsel was prejudicial. We note, however, that, as discussed above,
despite his waiver of Agency-provided services, Father was able to participate
in some services while in jail, including consistent visitation with J.T.
                            III. DISPOSITION
      Father’s petition is denied on the merits. (See § 366.26, subd. (l)(1)(C);
Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.452(h).) The request for a stay is denied. Because
Mother has not raised any claim of error, her petition is dismissed. Our
decision is final as to this court immediately. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule
8.490(b)(2)(A).)
                                                     STREETER, J.

WE CONCUR:
POLLAK, P. J.
TUCHER, J.

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