Court Opinion

ID: 4527716
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-04-22 14:09:50.980499+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:16:49.134039
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                                APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the cas e and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-1333-18T4

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

JOHN S. PARKIN,

     Defendant-Appellant.
____________________________

                    Submitted January 6, 2020 – Decided April 22, 2020

                    Before Judges Rothstadt and Moynihan.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Gloucester County, Indictment No. 16-05-
                    0437.

                    Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
                    appellant (Anderson David Harkov, Designated
                    Counsel, on the brief).

                    Charles A. Fiore, Gloucester County Prosecutor,
                    attorney for respondent (Michael C. Mellon, Assistant
                    Prosecutor, on the brief).

PER CURIAM
      Defendant appeals from an order denying his petition for post-conviction

relief (PCR) without an evidentiary hearing. Indicted for conspiracy to commit

robbery in the second-degree, N.J.S.A. 2C:5-2(a)(1) and N.J.S.A. 2C:15-1(a)

(count one), robbery in the second-degree, N.J.S.A. 2C:15-1(a) (count two), and

third-degree theft by unlawful taking, N.J.S.A. 2C:20-3(a) (count three), he

accepted the State's plea offer. Before he was sentenced in accordance with the

plea agreement to a five-year term of special probation conditioned on his entry

and completion of Drug Court, the sentencing judge posed further questions to

defendant about his actions during the robbery.

      On appeal, defendant argues:

            POINT I

            THE PCR COURT ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO
            GRANT DEFENDANT'S REQUEST FOR AN
            EVIDENTIARY HEARING BECAUSE THERE WAS
            NOTHING IN THE RECORD TO EXPLAIN WHAT
            CAUSED DEFENDANT TO CHANGE HIS
            FACTUAL BASIS BETWEEN THE PLEA AND
            SENTENCE HEARINGS.

            POINT II

            THE FAILURE OF PLEA COUNSEL TO ASSURE
            DEFENDANT WAS VOLUNTARILY ENTERING A
            LEGALLY SUFFICIENT FACTUAL BASIS FOR
            THE   CRIME   OF   ROBBERY,  DEPRIVED

                                                                        A-1333-18T4
                                       2
            DEFENDANT OF HIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT
            TO THE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.

Unpersuaded, we affirm.

      During the plea hearing, defendant confirmed to the judge, who later

sentenced defendant, that he understood the nature of the charges against him

and his plea agreement.     He testified that, after having discussed with his

attorney all of the discovery in the case, possible motions or defenses that could

be raised, and the probable outcome at trial, it was his intention to plead guilty,

in his words, "for Drug Court." Defendant also attested no promises were made

to him other than what was in the written plea agreement, no one forced or

coerced him to accept the plea agreement, no threats were made that caused him

to plead guilty, and he was pleading guilty because he was guilty. He also

verified he signed and initialed the plea form after reviewing it with his counsel,

and the circled answers were his. Those answers included his admissions that

he committed the offense to which he was pleading guilty, he understood the

charges and no threats were made that caused him to plead guilty.

      Defendant also responded affirmatively to his plea counsel's questions in

open court, admitting that he approached a bank teller and "passed a note to her

in order to get money from the bank." The colloquy continued:

                                                                           A-1333-18T4
                                        3
            [PLEA COUNSEL]: And you would agree that upon
            passing the note upon your action you could have put
            her in immediate fear of bodily injury. Is that correct?

            [DEFENDANT]: Yes.

            [PLEA COUNSEL]: And, in fact, you did get money
            and left the—the—bank.

            [DEFENDANT]: Yes.

                  ....

            [PLEA COUNSEL]: So you agree that you committed
            a robbery[?]

            [DEFENDANT]: Yes.

      At sentencing, the judge observed that defendant "indicated during his

plea that he was aware that passing a note could have created some fear ," but

thought there was a "need to address what his intention was in giving the note."

To that end, plea counsel questioned the sworn defendant who confirmed he

went to the bank with the intent to get money and passed a note to the teller with

that intent. Questioning continued:

            [PLEA COUNSEL]: And it was your intent that you
            were going to elicit fear by having a stance that would
            look it would be confrontational. Is that correct?

            [DEFENDANT]: Yes.

            [PLEA COUNSEL]: And as a result of that you – you
            made her believe that if – if she didn't give you the

                                                                          A-1333-18T4
                                        4
            money right then and there you would have or could
            have injured her. Is that correct?

            [DEFENDANT]: Yes.

            [PLEA COUNSEL]: And it – she probably perceived
            that by the fact of your mannerisms and the – and the
            way that – that you approached her. Is that correct?

            [DEFENDANT]: Yes.

Defendant was then sentenced and entered an in-patient drug treatment program

as a condition of Drug Court.

      Less than six months later, defendant was charged with a violation of

probation for absconding from that drug program. He pleaded guilty to the

violation. The State sought to impose the alternative plea-bargain sentence of

six years in state prison subject to the No Early Release Act (NERA), N.J.S.A.

2C:43-7.2. The judge, however, sentenced defendant to a five-year term subject

to NERA. Thereafter, defendant filed a pro se PCR petition.

      Reviewing the factual inferences drawn from the record by the PCR court

and its legal conclusions de novo in the absence of an evidentiary hearing before

the PCR judge, State v. Blake, 444 N.J. Super. 285, 294 (App. Div. 2016), we

address defendant's contentions that his plea counsel "failed to elicit a voluntary

factual basis from defendant's own mouth that included an essential element of

robbery"; counsel coerced him to change the factual basis given at the plea

                                                                           A-1333-18T4
                                        5
hearing and testify that he took a confrontational stance when he passed the note

to the bank teller; he did so only to facilitate his admission into Drug Court; and

counsel was ineffective for failing to assure that his plea admissions during the

sentencing hearing were voluntarily made.

       In so doing, we apply the familiar two-pronged standard that requires a

defendant seeking to establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel to

satisfy the test formulated in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687

(1984), and adopted by our Supreme Court in State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42, 58

(1987), first by "showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was

not functioning as the 'counsel' guaranteed . . . by the Sixth Amendment," Fritz,
105 N.J. at 52 (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687); then by proving he suffered

prejudice due to counsel's deficient performance, Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687,

691-92. Defendant must show by a "reasonable probability" that the deficient

performance affected the outcome. Fritz, 105 N.J. at 58.

      We first note that defendant did not file a direct appeal. Typically, a

defendant is only entitled to raise a ground for relief in a PCR petition if that

ground "could not reasonably have been raised in any prior proceeding," R.

3:22-4(a)(1), or if "the facts that form the basis for [the requested] relief 'could

not have been discovered earlier through the exercise of reasonable diligence,'"

                                                                            A-1333-18T4
                                         6
State v. Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 546 (2013) (quoting R. 3:22-4(a)). It is evident the

alleged inadequacy of defendant's factual basis was known on the date of

sentencing, if not on the date of his plea hearing. He did not avail himself of

the opportunity to move to withdraw his plea, R. 3:21-1, or challenge its

adequacy on appeal. As such he is barred from raising that argument in a PCR

petition. R. 3:22-4; State v. Reevey, 417 N.J. Super. 134, 148 (App. Div.

2010) ("Issues that could and should have been raised on direct appeal from the

defendant's conviction are barred by Rule 3:22-4(a) unless the exceptions to

the Rule have been established.").

      Apart from the procedural bar, plea counsel was not ineffective for failing

to elicit a factual basis for the plea or to ensure defendant's plea was voluntary.

Simply, that is not counsel's responsibility. Although the judge imposed upon

plea counsel to elicit the factual basis at both the plea and sentencing hearing s,

it is incumbent upon the judge to question

            the defendant personally . . . and [determine] by inquiry
            of the defendant . . . that there is a factual basis for the
            plea and that the plea is made voluntarily, not as a result
            of any threats or of any promises or inducements not
            disclosed on the record, and with an understanding of
            the nature of the charge[s] and the consequences of the
            plea.

            [R. 3:9-2.]

                                                                           A-1333-18T4
                                         7
      Moreover, there was an adequate factual basis for the plea. "A person is

guilty of [second-degree] robbery if, in the course of committing a theft, he [or

she] . . . threatens another with or purposely puts him [or her] in fear of

immediate bodily injury[.]" Model Jury Charges (Criminal), "Robbery in the

Second Degree (N.J.S.A. 2C:15-1)" (rev. July 2, 2009). Defendant's admissions

during the plea and sentencing hearings established those elements. He said he

approached the bank teller and passed her a note in order to get money from the

bank. He admitted his actions could have put the teller in fear of immediate

bodily injury, and he received the money and left the bank. At sentencing he

admitted it was intent to "elicit fear" by striking a "confrontational" stance,

making the teller believe that if she did not give defendant "the money right then

and there [he] would have or could have injured her."

      Referring to an account in the presentence report, defendant claims that

he never threatened the teller, and only changed his factual basis and admitted

during the sentencing hearing to intimidating her because plea counsel told him

he had to make that admission to be sentenced into Drug Court. Defendant's

allegations that his admissions were coerced by his counsel and were not

voluntary are belied by the record.     The colloquy during the plea hearing

established that no one forced or coerced defendant to plead guilty, prompting

                                                                          A-1333-18T4
                                        8
the plea judge to find defendant entered the plea "knowingly, intelligently and

voluntarily." Although the judge did not find that defendant's statement during

the sentencing hearing was likewise voluntary, there is nothing in the record to

support defendant's bald assertion that it was not.

      Defendant's factual assertions at the sentencing hearing did not contradict

the basis given at the plea hearing. And, although defendant argues that a review

of the presentence report indicates his testimony at the sentencing hearing

completely contradicted his presentence report—thus evincing that plea counsel

persuaded him to change his story in order to facilitate his admission into drug

court—nothing in the presentence report contradicted defendant's testimony at

sentencing. Although defendant points out that the presentence report indicates

that he never verbally threatened the teller, the report is silent on defendant's

intentions and mannerisms when he passed the note demanding money.

      So too, there is no support for defendant's bald assertion that he was

coerced to supplement his plea during the sentencing hearing to allow his

admission into Drug Court. Defendant had already decided, as evidenced by the

plea proceedings, to plead guilty to second-degree robbery in return for the

State's recommendation that he be sentenced to probation conditioned on

successful completion of the Drug Court program. That plea offer did not

                                                                         A-1333-18T4
                                        9
change between the plea hearing and the sentencing hearing; neither did

defendant's admission that he committed a second-degree robbery. Defendant's

initial factual basis and the supplemental basis given during the sentencing

hearing were made with the same aim: Drug Court. The supplemental factual

basis made at the sentencing hearing did not alter the crime or the sentence.

Thus there is no basis to defendant's claim that his supplemental testimony at

sentencing was coerced and involuntary.

      In that this PCR petition involves a plea agreement, defendant "must show

that (i) counsel's assistance was not 'within the range of competence demanded

of attorneys in criminal cases'; and (ii) 'that there is a reasonable probability that,

but for counsel's errors, [the defendant] would not have [pleaded] guilty and

would have insisted on going to trial.'" State v. Nuñez-Valdéz, 200 N.J. 129, 139

(2009) (first alteration in original) (quoting State v. DiFrisco, 137 N.J. 434, 457

(1994)). The alternative sentence called for a six-year prison term with eighty-

five percent parole ineligibility. Defendant faced a maximum ordinary term of

ten years subject to the same parole ineligibility period.                Under the

circumstances, even if plea counsel was ineffective, defendant has failed to show

that "but for [plea] counsel's [alleged] errors, [he] would not have [pleaded]

guilty and would have insisted on going to trial." See Ibid. (quoting DiFrisco,

                                                                               A-1333-18T4
                                         10
137 N.J. at 457). Defendant accepted the Drug Court sentence and did not

change his stance until after he absconded from the inpatient substance abuse

program, thus violating probation. And, although defendant contends that he

was prejudiced because, "[h]ad [he] faced sentencing for a third[-]degree theft

instead of a second[-]degree robbery, his alternative [D]rug [C]ourt sentence

would have been less than five years and . . . NERA would not have applied[,]"

the State was never willing to offer a plea for third-degree theft.

      Finally, the PCR judge correctly denied an evidentiary hearing in that

defendant did not establish a prima facie claim. R. 3:22-10(b); State v. Preciose,

129 N.J. 451, 462-63 (1992).      "[I]n order to establish a prima facie claim, a

petitioner must do more than make bald assertions that he was denied the

effective assistance of counsel." State v. Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. 154, 170

(App. Div. 1999). Defendant's bald assertions about counsel's ineffectiveness,

belied by the record, do not establish a prima facie claim. "Defendant may not

create a genuine issue of fact, warranting an evidentiary hearing, by

contradicting his prior statements without explanation." Blake, 444 N.J. Super.

at 299. And, an evidentiary hearing is not to be used to explore PCR claims.

See State v. Marshall, 148 N.J. 89, 157-58 (1997). As we have determined,

                                                                          A-1333-18T4
                                       11
defendant failed to establish a "reasonable likelihood of succeeding" under the

familiar Strickland-Fritz test. Preciose, 129 N.J. at 463.

      To the extent not addressed, we determine defendant's remaining claims

are without sufficient merit to warrant discussion in this opinion. R. 2:11-

3(e)(2).

      Affirmed.

                                                                       A-1333-18T4
                                       12