Court Opinion

ID: 4551346
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-07-27 19:12:54.891433+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:40:29.578893
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF
                         WASHINGTON

 In the Matter of the Personal Restraint of      No. 80870-2-I

 CODY ALLEN HULBERT,                             DIVISION ONE

                                                 UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                      Petitioner.

      PER CURIAM — Cody Hulbert pleaded guilty to first degree child

molestation, attempted first degree child molestation, and unlawful imprisonment

with sexual motivation. The charges arose from an incident in which Hulbert,

who was working at an amusement center, lured two small children into a party

room with the promise of balloons, locked the door, and molested them. As part

of Hulbert’s judgment and sentence, the trial court imposed conditions of

community custody, four of which Hulbert now challenges:

      6. Do not frequent areas where minor children are known to
      congregate, as defined by the supervising Community Corrections
      Officer.

      7. Do not possess or access pornographic materials, as directed by
      the supervising Community Corrections Officer. Do not frequent
      establishments whose primary business pertains to sexually explicit
      or erotic material. Pornographic materials are defined as images of
      sexual intercourse, simulated or real, masturbation, or the display
      of intimate body parts.

      8. Do not date women nor form relationships with families who have
      minor children, as directed by the supervising Community
      Corrections Officer.
       14. Participate in urinalysis, breathalyzer, plethysmograph and
       polygraph examinations as directed by the supervising Community
       Corrections Officer, to ensure conditions of community custody.

       A personal restraint petition must be filed within one year of a judgment

and sentence becoming final. RCW 10.73.090. After this time elapses, a petition

is time barred unless a petitioner can show (1) the judgment and sentence is

facially invalid or rendered by a court lacking jurisdiction or (2) there are exempt

grounds for relief under RCW 10.73.100. In re Pers. Restraint of Weber, 175

Wn.2d 247, 255, 284 P.3d 734 (2012). It is undisputed that Hulbert filed this

petition more than a year after his judgment and sentence became final. Thus,

Hulbert bears the burden of demonstrating that his petition is timely.1

       Hulbert contends that conditions 6, 7 and 8 are unconstitutionally vague,

and thus facially invalid. A community custody condition that does not provide

fair warning of proscribed behavior is unconstitutionally vague. State v. Bahl,

164 Wn.2d 739, 752-53, 193 P.3d 678 (2008). Specifically, a community custody

condition must (1) “‘define the criminal offense with sufficient definiteness that

ordinary people can understand what conduct is proscribed’” and (2) “‘provide

       1In addition to the one year time limit, Hulbert faces another barrier to
consideration of his petition. Hulbert filed a prior personal restraint petition in
which he contended that his guilty plea was involuntary because he was
misinformed about the sentencing consequences. This court is barred from
considering a successive personal restraint petition when the petitioner raises a
new ground for relief and fails to show good cause for not having raised the new
ground in the previous petition. RCW 10.73.140; In re Pers. Restraint of Bell,
187 Wn.2d 558, 562, 387 P.3d 719 (2017). Good cause includes a material
intervening change in the law. In re Pers. Restraint of Holmes, 121 Wn.2d 327,
331, 849 P.2d 1221 (1993). While Hulbert does not directly address RCW
10.73.140, he does cite to cases decided subsequent to his prior petition that
address the validity of the challenged conditions.
ascertainable standards of guilt to protect against arbitrary enforcement.’” Id.

(quoting City of Spokane v. Douglass, 115 Wn.2d 171, 178, 795 P.2d 693

(1990)).

       Condition 6 bars Hulbert from frequenting places “where minor children

are known to congregate, as defined by the supervising Community Corrections

Officer.” As the State concedes, we have held this condition is unconstitutionally

vague because “[w]ithout some clarifying language or an illustrative list of

prohibited locations . . . the condition does not give ordinary people sufficient

notice to ‘understand what conduct is proscribed.” State v. Irwin, 191 Wn. App.

644, 652, 655, 364 P.3d 830 (2015) (quoting Douglass, 115 Wn.2d at 178). On

remand, condition 6 must be stricken or modified accordingly.

       The first sentence of condition 7 prohibits Hulbert from possessing or

accessing pornographic materials. While the condition defines “pornographic

materials,” the Washington Supreme Court has held that this definition is still

ambiguous about what is and is not permitted. State v. Padilla, 190 Wn.2d 672,

682, 416 P.3d 712 (2018). On remand, the first sentence of condition 7 must be

stricken or modified to adequately define the scope of prohibited material.2

       Condition 8 prohibits Hulbert from “form[ing] relationships with families

who have minor children.”3 Citing an unpublished opinion from Division Two of

this court, State v. Robinett, No. 50653-0-II, Slip op. at 9 (Wash Ct. App. Jan. 15,

       2 Hulbert does not challenge the second sentence of condition 7,
prohibiting him from frequenting establishments whose primary business pertains
to sexually explicit or erotic material.
       3 Condition 8 also prevents Hulbert from “dat[ing] women” with minor

children. Hulbert does not challenge this portion of the condition.
2019) (unpublished), http://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf/D2%2050653-0-

II%20Unpublished%20Opinion.pdf, Hulbert argues that the word “relationship,”

without any further qualifier, is unconstitutionally vague. As the court in Robinett

stated:

       Unlike the term “dating relationship,” which is statutorily defined in
       RCW 26.50.010(2) and was held by the Nguyen court to be
       sufficiently definite to withstand a vagueness challenge, people of
       ordinary intelligence, including corrections officers charged with
       enforcing this condition, could reasonably disagree as to when a
       person forms a relationship with another.

              Therefore, the condition lacks the definiteness needed to
       allow ordinary people to understand what conduct is proscribed,
       and it permits arbitrary enforcement by granting corrections officers
       broad discretion to determine when an encounter between [the
       defendant] and another individual has crossed the obscure
       threshold of forming a relationship.

Id. (citing State v. Nguyen, 191 Wn.2d 671, 682, 425 P.3d 847 (2018)). We

agree with this analysis. On remand, the identified portion of condition 8 must be

stricken or modified to provide sufficient definiteness regarding the type and

manner of relationship prohibited.

       Finally, Hulbert challenges condition 14, which requires him to participate

in plethysmograph testing “as directed by the supervising Community Corrections

Officer.” Hulbert contends, and the State concedes, that requiring an individual

to submit to plethysmograph testing subject only to the discretion of a community

corrections officer violates an individual’s constitutional right to be free from

bodily intrusion. State v. Land, 172 Wn. App. 593, 605, 295 P.3d 782 (2013). It

may be ordered by a qualified provider only as part of crime-related treatment.

Land, 172 Wn. App. at 605. On remand, this condition must be stricken or

modified to comply with Land.
      Accordingly, we grant Hulbert’s petition and remand to the trial court to

amend the community custody conditions consistent with this opinion.

      FOR THE COURT: