Court Opinion

ID: 6341037
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-05-16 16:10:48.558567+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:43:16.206699
License: Public Domain

J-S03006-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    CHARLES COOK                               :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 396 WDA 2021

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered October 30, 2020
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Indiana County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-32-CR-0000802-2019

BEFORE:      LAZARUS, J., SULLIVAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                               FILED: May 16, 2022

        Charles Cook appeals from the judgment of sentence, imposed in the

Court of Common Pleas of Indiana County, after he pled nolo contendere to

five counts of criminal use of a communication facility, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7512(a),

a felony of the third degree.1 After careful review, we affirm.

        While incarcerated in Indiana County jail, Cook used the jail’s phones

on seven different occasions between October 12, 2018, and November 14,

2018, to arrange drug deliveries to his girlfriend. As a result, the Pennsylvania

State Police filed the instant charges against Cook.

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 Cook was charged with seven counts of criminal use of a communication
facility, all felonies of the third degree. Cook pled nolo contendere to counts
one through five; counts six and seven were dismissed by the Commonwealth.
See N.T. Plea Hearing, 10/16/20, at 2-3.
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      Prior to sentencing, the court ordered a presentence investigation report

(PSI). As a result of Cook’s criminal history, his prior record score was listed

as a repeat felony offender (RFEL).        Moreover, under the Pennsylvania

Guideline Sentencing Matrix, the crime was determined to have an offense

gravity score of five (5). Accordingly, the standard range for each count was

24-36 months’ imprisonment.

      Cook’s sentencing hearing took place on October 30, 2020.              In

determining Cook’s sentence, the sentencing court considered the appropriate

guideline range, along with the other factors documented in Cook’s PSI,

including his ten prior criminal convictions.      The sentencing court also

considered Cook’s poor health, his honorable discharge from the Marine Corps,

and the facts of the present case. The sentencing court explicitly stated that

it did not consider Cook’s recent parole violation committed shortly after Cook

was acquitted of homicide charges.

      On counts one and two, Cook was sentenced to undergo incarceration

for consecutive periods of three to seven years. On counts three through five,

Cook was sentenced to a period of incarceration of three to seven years, with

the sentences running concurrently to the sentences on the prior counts,

resulting in an aggregate sentence of six to fourteen years in prison. Cook

was also ordered to pay the costs of prosecution in the amount of $706.78,

and $250.00 to have a DNA sample drawn.

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      Cook filed a timely post-sentence motion to modify sentence alleging

that the sentencing court: (1) “imposed a six[-]year (72 month) minimum

sentence which falls outside of the minimum sentence of the guidelines and

just one year shy of the statutory maximum; [(2)] considered matters outside

the probation department’s [PSI], including information and matters learned

through the defendant's murder trial; [and (3)] failed to consider all relevant

factors, including [Cook’s] age, and relative health, the length of incarceration

prior to the charges being filed[,] and the staleness of [Cook’s] prior criminal

history.” See Motion to Modify Sentence, 11/6/20, at 2-3. The court denied

Cook’s post-sentence motion on March 5, 2021. In its decision to deny Cook’s

motion, the court stated, “[d]ue to [Cook’s] history of repeated offenses, [the

court’s] significant concerns about the protection of the public, and [Cook’s]

pattern of inability to be rehabilitated, the [c]ourt declined to modify [Cook’s]

sentence and believes that it has provided adequate support on the record for

this decision.” Trial Court Post-Sentence Motion Opinion, 3/17/2021, at 3;

Rule 1925(a) Opinion, 4/15/21 (adopting court’s post-sentence motion

opinion to fulfil Rule 1925(a) obligation).

      On March 19, 2021, Cook filed a timely notice of appeal. On April 9,

2021, Cook filed a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of

errors complained of on appeal. On appeal, Cook claims that the sentencing

court “erred as a matter of law in denying [his] [p]ost-[s]entence [m]otion

seeking a modification of sentence as the [] [c]ourt improperly imposed

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consecutive sentences[.]” See Brief for Appellant, at 10. Specifically, Cook

claims that the court improperly imposed consecutive sentences where it: (1)

“imposed a sentence outside of the standard minimum range and just one

year short of the statutory maximum; [(2)] considered matters outside of the

[PSI], including information and matters learned through [Cook]’s prior

murder trial in which [Cook] was found [n]ot [g]uilty on all counts by a jury;

[and (3)] did not give due consideration to [Cook]’s ailing health or his

rehabilitative needs.” Id. at 10, 14. Cook’s claims implicate the discretionary

aspects of his sentence.

      “The right to appellate review of the discretionary aspects of a sentence

is not absolute and must be considered a petition for permission to appeal.”

Commonwealth v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247, 1265 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(citing Commonwealth v. Hoch, 936 A.2d 515, 518 (Pa. Super. 2007)). “An

appellant must satisfy a four-part test to invoke this Court’s jurisdiction when

challenging the discretionary aspects of a sentence.”     Id.   Specifically, we

must determine:

      (1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal; (2)
      whether the issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a
      motion to reconsider and modify sentence; (3) whether
      appellant’s brief has a fatal defect; and (4) whether there is a
      substantial question that the sentence appealed from is not
      appropriate under the Sentencing Code.

Id. at 1265-66 (quoting Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa.

Super. 2010)).

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      First, we note that Cook has filed a timely notice of appeal. Second,

Cook preserved the issues he raises on appeal in his post-sentence motion to

modify sentence. Third, Cook’s brief contains a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement

of the reasons relied upon for appeal, and, thus, does not have a fatal defect.

See id. at 1266. However, we conclude that Cook fails to raise a substantial

question as to whether his sentence is appropriate under the Sentencing Code.

      A substantial question will be found where an appellant advances
      a colorable argument that the sentence imposed is either
      inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code or is
      contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the sentencing
      process. At a minimum, the [] statement[,] [known as a Pa.R.A.P.
      2119(f) statement,] must articulate what particular provision of
      the [C]ode is violated, what fundamental norms the sentence
      violates, and the manner in which it violates that norm.

Commonwealth v. Zirkle, 107 A.3d 127, 132-33 (Pa. Super. 2014) (quoting

Commonwealth v. Mastromarino, 2 A.3d 581, 585-86 (Pa. Super. 2010)).

      A sentencing court has the discretion “‘to impose its sentence

concurrently or consecutively to other sentences being imposed at the same

time or to sentences already imposed. Any challenge to the exercise of this

discretion ordinarily does not raise a substantial question.’” Mastromarino,

2 A.3d at 586-87 (quoting Commonwealth v. Marts, 889 A.2d 608, 612 (Pa.

Super. 2005)).    “[T]he imposition of consecutive rather than concurrent

sentences will present a substantial question in only ‘the most extreme

circumstances, such as where the aggregate sentence is unduly harsh,

considering the nature of the crimes and the length of imprisonment.’”

Commonwealth v. Caldwell, 117 A.3d 763, 769 (Pa. Super. 2015) (quoting

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Commonwealth v. Lamonda, 52 A.3d 365, 372 (Pa. Super. 2012)). To be

clear,

         a defendant may raise a substantial question where he receives
         consecutive sentences within the guideline ranges if the case
         involves circumstances where the application of the guidelines
         would be clearly unreasonable, resulting in an excessive sentence;
         however, a bald claim of excessiveness due to the consecutive
         nature of a sentence will not raise a substantial question.

Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Dodge, 77 A.3d 1263, 1270 (Pa. Super.

2013)).     “‘In determining whether a substantial question exists, this Court

does not examine the merits of whether the sentence is actually excessive.

Rather, we look to whether the appellant has forwarded a plausible argument

that the sentence, when it is within the guideline ranges, is clearly

unreasonable.’” Id. at 770 (quoting Dodge, 77 A.3d at 1270).

         In addition, “an allegation that a sentencing court ‘failed to consider’ or

‘did not adequately consider’ certain factors does not raise a substantial

question that the sentence was inappropriate. Such a challenge goes to the

weight accorded the evidence and will not be considered absent extraordinary

circumstances.”      Commonwealth v. Petaccio, 764 A.2d 582, 587 (Pa.

Super. 2000) (quoting Commonwealth v. Urrutia, 653 A.2d 706, 710 (Pa.

Super. 1995)).       However, “This Court has also held that ‘an excessive

sentence claim—in conjunction with an assertion that the court failed to

consider mitigating factors—raises a substantial question.’” Caldwell, 117

A.3d at 770 (quoting Commonwealth v. Raven, 97 A.3d 1244, 1253 (Pa.

Super. 2014)).

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       “When reviewing a challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentencing,

we determine whether the trial court has abused its discretion.” Id.

       Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
       sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal
       absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse
       of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment.
       Rather, the appellant must establish, by reference to the record,
       that the sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised
       its judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or
       arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.

Id., quoting Raven, 97 A.3d at 1253.

       Cook’s claim that the sentencing court improperly imposed consecutive

sentences, and, thereby, imposed a sentence outside of the standard

minimum range and just one year short of the statutory maximum, does not

raise a substantial question.2 Our case law is clear that imposing consecutive

____________________________________________

2 Additionally, Cook inaccurately classifies his sentences when he claims that
the two consecutive sentences effectively form a sentence for a period of six
(6) to fourteen (14) years, which is outside of the standard minimum range
and just one year short of the statutory maximum. See Brief for Appellant,
at 12-13. In fact, the sentencing court sentenced Cook to serve two
consecutive sentences, not one sentence outside the standard minimum range
and just short of the statutory maximum. Each sentence calls for Cook to
serve a period of three to seven years of incarceration. The three-year
minimum of each sentence is within the recommended minimum standard-
range of twenty-four (24) to thirty-six (36) months. Additionally, the
maximum of each sentence is not more than the statutory maximum for the
offense charged, which is seven (7) years. See 18 Pa.C.S. § 7512(b).

Moreover, the record refutes Cook’s allegation that the sentencing court
improperly considered matters outside of his PSI, including information
learned through Cook’s prior murder trial. See N.T. Sentencing, 10/30/20, at
8 (sentencing court explicitly stated, “I want to make it clear that you were

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sentences, rather than concurrent sentences, does not raise a substantial

question. See Mastromarino, 2 A.3d at 586-87.3

       Finally, Cook’s claim that the sentencing court imposed a sentence

without consideration of his poor health and rehabilitative needs similarly fails

to raise a substantial question. Here, Cook claims that the sentencing court

failed to consider certain factors in imposing Cook’s sentence; however, our

case law is clear that a claim that the sentencing court failed to consider or

did not adequately consider certain factors does not raise a substantial

____________________________________________

acquitted of the homicide and this sentence has nothing to do with that
case.”).

3 If Cook’s claim regarding the sentencing court’s imposition of consecutive
sentences and failure to consider mitigating factors is construed to be an
excessiveness of sentence claim, and, thus, potentially raises a substantial
question, it is meritless. See Caldwell, 117 A.3d at 770. The sentencing
court did not manifestly abuse its discretion in sentencing Cook because the
sentencing court did not misapply the law, exercise its judgment for reasons
of partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill will, or arrive at a manifestly unreasonable
decision. Id. Cook’s sentence is not unreasonable in light of his ten prior
convictions, which include offenses such as burglary, assault, rape, and
domestic battery. Trial Court Post-Sentence Motion Opinion, 3/17/2021, at
3. Cook also failed to present evidence of rehabilitation, especially since the
offenses in this case occurred while Cook was incarcerated. Id. Finally,
Cook’s sentence does not violate the Sentencing Guidelines because the
minimum sentence for each offense falls within the recommended minimum
standard-range. See Commonwealth v. Moore, 617 A.2d 8, 12 (Pa. Super.
1992) (“‘In determining whether a particular sentence is clearly unreasonable
or unreasonable, the appellate court must consider the defendant’s
background and characteristics[,] as well as the particular circumstances of
the offense involved, the trial court’s opportunity to observe the defendant,
the [PSI], . . . the Sentencing Guidelines as promulgated by the Sentencing
Commission, and the ‘findings’ upon which the trial court based its
sentence.’”) (quotation omitted).

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question.   Petaccio, 764 A.2d at 587.   Moreover, since there was a PSI

available to the sentencing court in this case, we can “presume that the

sentencing judge was aware of relevant information regarding [Cook’s]

character and weighed those considerations along with mitigating statutory

factors.” Commonwealth v. Devers, 546 A.2d 12, 18 (Pa. 1988). Finally,

the sentencing court specifically stated that it referred to the PSI and

considered Cook’s poor health and rehabilitative needs in coming to its

sentencing decision. See N.T. Sentencing, 10/30/20, at 7-8; Devers, supra.

     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/16/2022

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