Court Opinion

ID: 3025510
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:33:51.419709+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:47:46.709827
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                   ___________

                                   No. 99-4236
                                   ___________

United States of America,               *
                                        *
             Appellee,                  * Appeal from the United States
                                        * District Court for the
      v.                                * District of South Dakota.
                                        *
Tracy Lee,                              *
                                        *
             Appellant.                 *
                                   ___________

                             Submitted: October 16, 2000

                                  Filed: November 24, 2000
                                   ___________

Before WOLLMAN, Chief Judge, BEAM, and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD,
      Circuit Judges.
                             ___________

WOLLMAN, Chief Judge.

       Tracy Lee was found guilty by a jury on one count of abusive sexual contact and
was sentenced by the district court1 to thirty months’ imprisonment. Lee appeals,
challenging the sufficiency of the evidence. We affirm.

      1
      The Honorable Charles B. Kornmann, U.S. District Judge for the District of
South Dakota.
        Lee was indicted on three counts of abusive sexual contact with a child who had
not attained the age of twelve in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1153, 2244(a)(1), and
2246(3). Count I alleged a time period from May through September of 1996, Count
II alleged a time period December of 1996 through April of 1997, and Count III alleged
that the abusive sexual contact occurred on or about June 12, 1997.

       The jury was unable to reach a verdict at Lee’s first trial, which was held on
April 29, 1999. The jury at Lee’s second trial, held on May 25-26, 1999, found Lee
not guilty on Count I, was unable to reach a verdict on Count II, and found Lee guilty
on Count III.

       As to Count III, the evidence showed that in June of 1997, T.G., the victim of
the offense, was an eleven-year-old girl who lived with her mother, her four half-
siblings, and Lee, the father of her two younger half-siblings. T.G. testified that, while
her mother was in Fargo for a week in June of 1997, Lee entered T.G.’s bedroom at
night and touched her genital area. The mother’s testimony concerning the events that
occurred during the week she was in Fargo was limited to recounting what T.G. had
told her, both orally and in a note, in late July of 1997. (We note that Lee did not
object to the admission of the mother’s testimony or the contents of the note.)

      Lee contends that the evidence is insufficient to sustain his conviction. In
considering challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence:

      [w]e view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict,
      accepting as established all reasonable inferences the evidence tends to
      prove. While the government is obligated to prove every element of the
      offense, the evidence “need not exclude every reasonable hypothesis of
      innocence, but simply be sufficient to convince the jury beyond a
      reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty.”

                                           -2-
United States v. Jolivet, 224 F.3d 902, 907 (8th Cir. 2000) (quoting United States v.
Hawkey, 148 F.3d 920, 923 (8th Cir. 1998); other citations omitted).

       The essential elements of abusive sexual contact as charged in Count III are that
the defendant: (1) knowingly and intentionally engaged in sexual contact with another;
(2) intended to abuse, humiliate, harass, degrade, or arouse or gratify the sexual desire
of any person; (3) is an Indian; and (4) committed the act in Indian country. See 18
U.S.C. §§ 1153, 2244(a)(1), and 2246(3). (Because Lee stipulated to the existence of
the third and fourth elements, they are not at issue on appeal.)

       T.G. testified that Lee touched her “between [her] legs” outside and inside her
panties and that “[h]e would feel me and sometimes move his fingers around.” Such
contact is explicitly deemed “sexual contact” by the statute. See 18 U.S.C. § 2246(3)
(defining “sexual contact” as including the intentional touching of the genitalia). This
testimony constitutes sufficient evidence on the first element.

       Lee next argues that the government failed to prove the second element of the
offense by offering no evidence of intent. The absence of such evidence, however, is
no defect in the government’s case where the contact alleged is so clearly sexual that
the jury may infer the defendant’s intent. See United States v. Demarrias, 876 F.2d
674, 676 (8th Cir. 1989). “[Abusive sexual contact] encompasses some types of
contact which by their nature are sexual acts, and therefore require no showing of
intent.” Id. T.G. testified that Lee touched and rubbed her genital area at night while
he believed she was asleep. Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, and in
the absence of any suggestion that the touching occurred in furtherance of a non-sexual
purpose, such as the administering of medication or other ameliorative care, such
behavior implies its own intent.

       Lee argues that the government failed to prove the date of the offense as charged
in the indictment. A variance between a defendant’s indictment and the evidence

                                          -3-
offered to convict him at trial is unconstitutional if it deprives the defendant of due
process. See Kotteakos v. United States, 328 U.S. 750, 760-62 (1946). An indictment
is sufficient if it (1) contains the elements of the charged offense and fairly informs the
defendant of the charge against which he must defend, and (2) enables him to plead
double jeopardy as a bar to further prosecution. See United States v. Diaz-Diaz, 135
F.3d 572, 575-76 (8th Cir. 1998). A minor variance between the date of the offense
as charged in the indictment and as proven at trial is constitutional so long as the
indictment is sufficient to apprise the defendant of the charges against him and to allow
his counsel to prepare for trial effectively. See United States v. McMahan, 744 F.2d
647, 651 (8th Cir. 1984) (affirming conviction where indictment charged “on or about
April, 1979” and evidence at trial indicated crime occurred in May of 1979).

      The government relied on T.G.’s testimony that the abuse occurred during her
mother’s week-long trip to Fargo in June of 1997 to establish the time frame. (Why the
government made absolutely no attempt through the mother’s testimony to establish
during which week in June the trip was made, we do not know.) Because the offense
alleged in Count III occurred sometime during the month of June, the evidence offered
by the government was sufficient to satisfy Lee’s due process rights.

      Finally, citing Ball v. United States, 470 U.S. 856, 868 (1985) (Stevens, J.,
concurring in the judgment), Lee argues that by bringing three charges against him
when its evidence was weak, the government substantially enhanced the possibility that
Lee would be found guilty on one or more charges as a result of a compromise verdict.

      Although the government’s proof on Counts I and II was weaker than that on
Count III, we cannot say on the basis of the record that the government sought the
indictments on those two counts merely to enhance its chances of a conviction on
Count III.

      The judgment is affirmed.

                                           -4-
A true copy.

      Attest:

         CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

                           -5-