Court Opinion

ID: 5120998
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-10-25 20:01:44.270826+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:22:20.385300
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                             FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         OCT 25 2021
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JESSIE FLORES,                                   No.    20-55817

                Petitioner-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                 5:17-cv-00434-VBF(MRW)
 v.

W.J. SULLIVAN,                                   MEMORANDUM*

                Respondent-Appellee.

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                 Valerie Baker Fairbank, District Judge, Presiding

                           Submitted October 21, 2021**
                              Pasadena, California

Before: R. NELSON and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges, and SCHREIER***, District
Judge.

      Jessie Flores appeals the district court’s denial of his petition for habeas

corpus. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291, 2253, 2254, and we affirm.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
           The Honorable Karen E. Schreier, District Judge for the District of
South Dakota, sitting by designation.
      1. The district court’s order finding no deficiency (and thus no ineffective

assistance of counsel) was neither contrary to nor an unreasonable application of

federal law. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1); Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,

687–88 (1984).

      Counsel conducted a reasonable investigation and then made a reasonable

decision that made further investigation unnecessary. See Rompilla v. Beard, 545

U.S. 374, 377 (2005). Given the mental state evidence that she already had,

including the evidence of malingering and the testimony of two experts that Flores

was sane at the time of the murder, counsel reasonably decided not to investigate

further and not to pursue the insanity defense.

      Counsel investigated Flores’s mental state at the competency stage of his

trial. Flores was examined by four experts, two of whom found that he was sane at

the time of the murder. Flores points to cases in which counsel “failed to conduct

any investigation at all,” see Seidel v. Merkle, 146 F.3d 750, 755 (9th Cir. 1998);

failed to seek any psychological evaluation, based only on speculation that it

“might undermine his trial strategy,” see Weeden v. Johnson, 854 F.3d 1063, 1066,

1070 (9th Cir. 2017) (internal quotation marks omitted); “did virtually nothing to

obtain the services of [the defendant’s] key witness,” see Bloom v. Calderon, 132

F.3d 1267, 1271 (9th Cir. 1997); and failed to pursue a mental state defense at all,

even though there was a “wealth of mental health and drug abuse evidence” that

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went undiscovered, Jennings v. Woodford, 290 F.3d 1006, 1019 (9th Cir. 2002).

These cases are not similar to Flores’s case because Flores’s counsel did

investigate Flores’s mental health, Flores was examined by four experts, and there

was already considerable evidence of Flores’s mental state.

       2. The state trial court did not need to hold an evidentiary hearing because

the record contained enough facts to adjudicate the petition. See Hibbler v.

Benedetti, 693 F.3d 1140, 1147 (9th Cir. 2012) (“[W]e have never held that a state

court must conduct an evidentiary hearing to resolve every disputed factual

question . . .”).

       Flores cites Nunes v. Mueller, 350 F.3d 1045 (9th Cir. 2003), but that case

itself stated that “there may be instances where the state court can determine

without a hearing that a criminal defendant’s allegations are entirely without

credibility or that the allegations would not justify relief even if proved.” Id. at

1045–55. There is no “evidentiary hearing requirement as a pre-requisite to

AEDPA deference.” Lambert v. Blodgett, 393 F.3d 943, 969 (9th Cir. 2004)

(internal quotation marks omitted). Flores also cites Earp v. Ornoski, 431 F.3d

1158, 1176 (9th Cir. 2005), but in that case, counsel had completely failed to

discover an entire kind of evidence; here, counsel had already discovered plenty of

evidence about Flores’s mental state, both helpful and harmful to Flores’s insanity

defense, and the record already contained enough facts to adjudicate the petition.

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      3. As to the other Strickland factor, prejudice, even assuming we reviewed

prejudice de novo because the state court did not reach that factor, counsel’s

decision not to investigate further did not result in prejudice. One of the experts

who found malingering also found that Flores had experienced mental health issues

before, but that he was exaggerating his symptoms to feign mental illness.

Contrary to Flores’s arguments, more investigation would not have changed the

finding of malingering, nor would it have changed the opinions of the two experts

who said that he was sane at the time of the murder. Even if there had been more

investigation, there is no reasonable chance that the outcome would have been

different. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.

      AFFIRMED.

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