Court Opinion

ID: 4072609
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-30 03:06:34.130037+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:32:29.667444
License: Public Domain

ACCEPTED
                                                                                            01-15-00625-CV
                                                                                 FIRST COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                         HOUSTON, TEXAS
                                                                                       11/5/2015 3:07:42 PM
                                                                                      CHRISTOPHER PRINE
                                                                                                     CLERK

                            NO. 01-15-00625-CV
        _________________________________________________________
                                                                      FILED IN
                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE 1st COURT OF APPEALS
                                                         HOUSTON, TEXAS
                 FIRST DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT HOUSTON
                                                      11/5/2015 3:07:42 PM
        _________________________________________________________
                                                      CHRISTOPHER A. PRINE
                   GULF COAST INTERNATIONAL, L.L.C.,          Clerk
                                                           Appellant
                                    v.

    THE RESEARCH CORPORATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII,
                                                        Appellee
      _________________________________________________________

        On appeal from the 333rd Judicial District Court, Harris County, Texas
               The Honorable Joseph J. “Tad” Halbach, Jr. presiding
                              Cause No. 2014-05868
        _________________________________________________________

                          BRIEF OF APPELLEE
        _________________________________________________________

         Blank Rome LLP                         Blank Rome LLP

         Michael K. Bell                        David Meyer
         State Bar No. 02081200                 State Bar No. 24052106
         717 Texas Ave., Suite 1400             717 Texas Ave., Suite 1400
         Houston, Texas 77002                   Houston, Texas 77002
         Telephone: (713) 228-6601              Telephone: (713) 228-6601
         Facsimile: (713) 228-6605              Facsimile: (713) 228-6605
         mbell@blankrome.com                    dmeyer@blankrome.com

                                                Attorneys for Appellee

                                                           November 5, 2015

144163.06501/101687931v.1
                                         TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                                                       Page
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES.................................................................................... iii

RECORD REFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................vi

ISSUES PRESENTED............................................................................................ vii

RCUH’S STATEMENT OF FACTS ........................................................................ 1

        A.       GCI’s Lawsuit Against RCUH.............................................................. 1

        B.       RCUH .................................................................................................... 2

        C.       The R/V KOK ....................................................................................... 3

        D.       GCI ........................................................................................................ 4

        E.       The September 11, 2012 Purchase Order .............................................. 4

        F.       November 2013 Interim Proposal and Payment Agreement ................ 5

        G.       Stewart & Stevenson and ABS.............................................................. 6

RCUH’S OBJECTIONS TO GCI’S STATEMENT OF FACTS ............................. 8

        A.       “Commercial” Vessel Allegations ........................................................ 9

        B.       Alleged “Contacts” With Jack Van Vleit in Houston ......................... 10

        C.       GCI’s Allegations that RCUH “Solicited” GCI in Texas ................... 11

        D.       “Ex Works” ......................................................................................... 12

        E.       Objections to Hearsay Statements ....................................................... 13

STANDARD OF REVIEW ..................................................................................... 14

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ...................................................................... 15

ARGUMENT/AUTHORITIES ............................................................................... 17

        A.       Special Appearance ............................................................................. 17

                                                             i
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        B.      Personal Jurisdiction ........................................................................... 17

        C.      RCUH Negated Specific Jurisdiction.................................................. 19

                a.          Alleged Texas contacts do not establish specific
                            jurisdiction ................................................................................ 22

                b.          The alleged “long-term relationship” between RCUH and
                            GCI does not establish specific jurisdiction ............................. 29

                c.          Alleged “solicitation” of GCI fails to establish specific
                            jurisdiction ................................................................................ 33

        D.      RCUH Negated General Jurisdiction .................................................. 35

        E.      Exercising Jurisdiction over RCUH Would Violate Traditional
                Notions of Fair Play and Substantial Justice ....................................... 42

CONCLUSION AND PRAYER ............................................................................. 43

Appendix

Tab A:          GCI’s Louisiana Lawsuit Filings

                                                            ii
144163.06501/101687931v.1
                                       TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

                                                                                                                  Page(s)

Cases
360-Irvine, LLC v. Tin Star Dev., LLC,
   05-14-00412-CV, 2015 WL 3958509 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 30,
   2015, no pet.) (mem. op.).................................................................................... 32

Alenia Spazio, S.p.A. v. Reid,
   130 S.W.3d 201 (Tex.App. —Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet.
   denied)................................................................................................................. 23

Alstam Power, Inc. v. Infrassure, Ltd.,
   2010 WL 521105, (Tex. App. —Austin 2010, no pet.) (mem. op.) ................... 43

American Type Culture Collection, Inc. v. Coleman,
  83 S.W.3d 801, 805–06 (Tex. 2002), cert. denied, 537 U.S. 1191,
  123 S. Ct. 1271, 154 L. Ed. 2d 1025 (2003) ..............................................14, 17, 41

Asahi Metal Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Superior Court of Cal., Solano County,
   480 U.S. 102, 107 S. Ct. 1026 (1987).................................................................. 17

Barnstone v. Congregation Am Echad,
  574 F.2d 286 (5th Cir. 1978) .............................................................................. 23

BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand,
  83 S.W.3d 789 (Tex. 2002).....................................................................14, 17, 18

Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz,
  471 U.S. 462, 105 S. Ct. 2174 (1985).....................................................18, 20, 31

City of Keller v. Wilson,
   168 S.W.3d 802 (Tex. 2005) .............................................................................. 14

Command-Aire Corp. v. Ontario Mech. Sales & Serv. Inc.,
  963 F.2d 90 (5th Cir. 1992) ..........................................................................31, 32

Daimler AG v. Bauman,
  134 S. Ct. 746, 187 L. Ed. 2d 624 (2014) .....................................................16, 35

                                                             iii
144163.06501/101687931v.1
Dalton v. R & W Marine, Inc.,
  897 F.2d 1359 (5th Cir. 1990) ............................................................................ 41

Dukatt v. Dukatt,
  355 S.W.3d 231 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, pet. denied).................................... 14

Electrosource, Inc. v. Horizon Battery Technologies, Ltd.,
   176 F.3d 867 (5th Cir. 1999) .............................................................................. 31

Freudensprung v. Offshore Technical Servs., Inc.,
   379 F.3d 327 (5th Cir. 2004) .............................................................................. 23

Guardian Royal Exch. Assurance, Ltd. v. English China Clays, P.L.C.,
  815 S.W.2d 223 (Tex. 1991) ............................................... 18, 19, 20, 35, 42, 43

Haddad v. ISI Automation Int’l, Inc.,
  No. 04–09–00562–CV, 2010 WL 1708275 (Tex.App. —San
  Antonio Apr. 28, 2010, no pet.) (mem. op.) ....................................................... 23

Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall,
  466 U.S. 408, 104 S. Ct. 1868 (1984).........................................18, 20, 35, 36, 41

Holt Atherton Indus., Inc. v. Heine,
  835 S.W.2d 80 (Tex. 1992)................................................................................. 14

Int’l Shoe Co. v. Washington,
    326 U.S. 310, 66 S. Ct 154 (1945)...................................................................... 18

Internet Adver. Group, Inc. v. Accudata, Inc.,
   301 S.W.3d 383 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.) .......................................... 41

KC Smash 01, LLC v. Gerdes, Hendrichson, Ltd., L.L.P.,
  384 S.W.3d 389 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.) ........... 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29

Mar. Overseas Corp. v. Ellis,
  971 S.W.2d 402 (Tex. 1998) .............................................................................. 15

Moki Mac River Expeditions v. Drugg,
  221 S.W.3d 569 (Tex. 2007) ..................................................................18, 19, 20

Moncrief Oil Int’l Inc. v. OAO Gazprom,
  414 S.W.3d 142 (Tex. 2013) .............................................................................. 19

                                                       iv
144163.06501/101687931v.1
N. Coast Commercial Roofing Sys., Inc. v. RMAX, Inc.,
   130 S.W.3d 491 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.) .......................................... 32

National Indus. Sand Ass’n v. Gibson,
  897 S.W.2d 769 (Tex. 1995) .............................................................................. 17

Nogle & Black Aviation, Inc. v. Faveretto,
  290 S.W.3d 277 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, no pet.) ................... 32

Olympia Capital Associates, L.P. v. Jackson,
   247 S.W.3d 399 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.) ....................................21, 25

Parex Res., Inc. v. ERG Res., LLC,
  427 S.W.3d 407 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014), reh’g
  overruled (Mar. 6, 2014).................................... 15, 18, 19, 20, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41

Retamco Operating, Inc. v. Republic Drilling Co.,
   278 S.W.3d 333 (Tex. 2009) ........................................................................19, 32

Rynone Mfg. Corp. v. Republic Indus., Inc.,
  96 S.W.3d 636 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002, no pet.)...................................... 33

Sw. Offset, Inc. v. Hudco Pub. Co., Inc.,
  622 F.2d 149 (5th Cir. 1980) .............................................................................. 31

Tabor, Chhabra & Gibbs, P.A. v. Medical Legal Evaluations, Inc.,
  237 S.W.3d 762 (Tex.App. —Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) ...................... 23

World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson,
  444 U.S. 286, 100 S. Ct. 559 (1980).............................................................18, 20

Yeng v. Zou,
   407 S.W.3d 485 (Tex. App. —Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, no pet.) .................. 15

Zamarron v. Shinko Wire Co., Ltd.,
  125 S.W.3d 132 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet.
  denied)................................................................................................................. 17

Other Authorities
Texas R. App. Proc. 38.1(g) ...................................................................................... 8

Texas R. Civ. Proc. 120a ......................................................................................... 17

                                                             v
144163.06501/101687931v.1
Texas R. Evid. 802 ................................................................................................... 13

                    RECORD REFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONS

“CR__,” refers to the Clerk’s Record filed August 20, 2015, indicating the page
number of the reference.

“1st SUP. CR__,” refers to the 1st Supplemental Clerk’s Record filed on October 7,
2015, indicating the page number of the reference.

“RR __:__” refers to the Reporter’s Record of the proceedings in the Trial Court on
June 5, 2015, indicating the page number(s) and line(s) of the reference.

“GCI” refers to Appellant Gulf Coast International, L.L.C.

“RCUH” refers to Appellee The Research Corporation of the University of Hawaiʻi.

“KOK” refers to the R/V (research vessel) Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa.

                                                           vi
144163.06501/101687931v.1
                              ISSUES PRESENTED

RCUH identifies the issues as follows:

    1. Whether the trial court properly granted RCUH’s special appearance because
       the trial court lacked specific and general jurisdiction over RCUH, an agency
       of the sovereign State of Hawaiʻi with its principal place of business in
       Honolulu, Hawaiʻi.

    2. Whether the trial court’s judgment should be affirmed because the exercise of
       jurisdiction over RCUH would offend traditional notions of fair play and
       substantial justice.

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                            RCUH’S STATEMENT OF FACTS

A.      GCI’s Lawsuit Against RCUH

        GCI’s brief glosses over the fact that the underlying lawsuit at issue in this

appeal concerns a variety of breach of contract causes of action that GCI asserted

against RCUH for work GCI claims to have performed beginning on or after

September 11, 2012, on the vessel R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa (hereafter the “R/V

KOK”). CR 5-7. Specifically, GCI alleged as follows in its Original Petition:

                      “7. On or about August 4, 2012, at RCH’s request, GCI
                presented RCH with a Two Hundred Eighty Six Thousand Two
                hundred Eleven Dollars and 00/100 ($286,211.00) Proposal,
                (“Proposal”) to upgrade certain electronics (“First Contract”)
                upon RCH’s marine research vessel, the “Ka`lmikai-O-
                Kanaloa.” (“Vessel”)

                      “8. RCH accepted GCI’s Proposal and issued Purchase
                Order No. Z10007175 on September 11, 2012 and GCI
                proceeded with the first contract work.

                       “9. While performing the First Contract Work, GCI
                determined that various decades old, obsolete, defective, and
                deteriorated electrical components on the Vessel, whose
                unreliability and poor condition would adversely affect the
                electrical controls and computer components installed by GCI
                pursuant to the First Contract, needed to be upgraded and
                replaced. Pursuant to discussions with, and approval by, the
                authorized representations of RCH and the Vessel, GCI and RCH
                agreed that GCI would replace the unrelated obsolete, defective
                and deteriorated electrical components on the Vessel on a time
                and material and open account basis. (“Second Contract”) The
                Second Contract work included, generally, demolition, removal,
                fabrication, replacement, and refurbishment of the Vessel’s
                circuit breaker panels and assemblies, motor control contactor
                relay components, and related upgrades, all as approved by

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144163.06501/101687931v.1
                RCH’s authorized representatives. GCI’s charges for the Second
                Contract work totals approximately Three Hundred Thirty-Five
                Thousand Three Hundred Twelve Dollars and 19/100
                ($335,312.19).”

CR 6-7.

        GCI claimed in its Petition that jurisdiction was proper because RCUH

allegedly conducts business in Harris County, Texas and because “the acts and

events complained of and the performance of the contract at issue partially occurred,

and were [sic] performable, in Harris County, Texas.” CR 5-6.

B.      RCUH

        RCUH is not and never has been a resident of the State of Texas and does not

conduct business in Texas. CR 41.1 RCUH is an agency of the sovereign State of

Hawaiʻi, established by the Hawaiʻi Legislature in 1965, and is attached to the

University of Hawaiʻi for administrative purposes. Id. Its enabling legislation is

codified as Chapter 304A, Sections 3001 to 3011 of the Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes.

Id. The fundamental mission of RCUH is to support the research and training

1
  The cited reference is an affidavit from Leonard Ajifu dated February 3, 2015, which was
included with RCUH’s First Amended Special Appearance. CR41-42. Also included with the
First Amended Special Appearance was an affidavit from Alexander Shor dated February 2, 2015.
CR 43. RCUH also filed a second affidavit of Leonard Ajifu in reply to GCI’s response to RCUH’s
First Amended Special Appearance. CR 438-440. GCI subsequently filed a number of objections
to all three affidavits, to which RCUH responded in part by requesting leave to file amended
affidavits specifying the basis of the affiants’ personal knowledge of the facts set forth in their
affidavit. CR 694-698. The trial court denied GCI’s objections to the affidavits but granted RCUH
leave to file the amended affidavits, CR 709, an order which GCI has not appealed. The amended
affidavits are in the record as CR 699-700, CR 701-703, and 1st Sup. CR 3-4. For the convenience
of the Court, RCUH cites herein are limited to the original affidavits.

                                                2
144163.06501/101687931v.1
programs of the University of Hawaiʻi and to enhance research, development, and

training generally in Hawaiʻi. Id. Its principal place of business is located in

Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. Id. RCUH:

        a.      has no offices in Texas (Id.);

        b.      does not have a registered agent for service of process in Texas (Id.);

        c.      has no bank accounts, property, or assets in Texas (Id.);

        d.      does not own or lease any interest in any real estate or other assets in
                Texas (Id.);

        e.      does not design, manufacture, or sell products in Texas (CR 42); and/or,

        f.      does not recruit Texas residents, directly or through any intermediary
                located in Texas, for employment inside or outside Texas (Id.).

C.      The R/V KOK

        The KOK is a 223’ single-hulled research vessel owned by the State of

Hawaiʻi and operated by the University of Hawaiʻi. CR 43. The ship was modified

in 1993 to serve as the primary support ship for two or three submersibles, but also

functions as a multi-purpose oceanographic research vessel. Id. Over 1050 square

feet of space is provided in four different laboratories and over 3000 square feet of

exterior working space is available on the aft main deck, the aft 01 deck, and the

hangar. (Id.) The KOK operates out of its home port of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi and has

worked throughout the Pacific over the past two decades. Id.

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144163.06501/101687931v.1
D.      GCI

        While GCI’s brief focuses almost entirely on its claimed Texas presence, GCI

admits it is a Louisiana Limited Liability Company. CR 5. GCI’s filings with the

Texas Secretary of State for 2010 through 2014 list its principal place of business

and principal office as being in West Iberia, Louisiana. CR 44-48. GCI’s website

indicates that GCI has a manufacturing plant in Louisiana. CR 590.2

        Further, while GCI places a great deal of emphasis on its alleged long-time

business relationship with RCUH and/or the KOK, RCUH’s records show that

between 2004 and the issuance of the September 11, 2012 Purchase Order, a period

of approximately eight years, RCUH’s payments to GCI totaled less than $100,000.

CR 439.

E.      The September 11, 2012 Purchase Order

        On or about September 11, 2012, RCUH issued a purchase order to GCI that

called for GCI to perform certain upgrades to the KOK (hereafter the “Purchase

Order”). CR 42-43, CR 49-50. Significantly:

        a.      RCUH did not execute or issue the Purchase Order in Texas. (CR 42).

        b.      The RCUH Terms and Conditions included with the Purchase Order
                contain a Hawaiʻi choice of law provision. CR 50.

2
  Interestingly, after GCI filed the present appeal, GCI filed a lawsuit against RCUH in Louisiana
asserting the exact same claims as it asserted herein. A copy of GCI’s Louisiana Petition is
included in Appellee’s Appendix at Tab A.

                                                4
144163.06501/101687931v.1
        c.      The Purchase Order contemplated that GCI’s work on the KOK was to
                be performed outside of the state of Texas. CR 42.

        d.      From at least the time the Purchase Order was issued through at least
                February 2, 2015, the KOK has not called at any Texas ports or entered
                Texas’ territorial waters. CR 43.

        e.      No employee or property of RCUH or member of the crew of the KOK
                ever traveled to Texas in connection with the Purchase Order. CR 42-
                43.

        f.      As GCI does not dispute, all of the work GCI performed on the KOK
                took place outside the state of Texas. CR 42-43, CR 439; also see GCI’s
                Brief at p. 4, footnote 6; CR 512. Specifically, GCI performed work
                on the KOK while the vessel was at sea or in port in Costa Rica,
                Panama, Oregon, and/or Hawaiʻi. CR 42-43.

        g.      Any parts, equipment, or documents GCI provided to RCUH were
                delivered to RCUH outside of Texas. CR 439; also see GCI’s Brief at
                p. 4, footnote 6; CR 513-514.

        h.      None of the payments provided by RCUH to GCI for its work on the
                KOK were sent to the state of Texas. CR 42.

F.      November 2013 Interim Proposal and Payment Agreement

        On page 9 of its Statement of Facts, GCI points to the Interim Payment and

PLC Proposal Agreement that RCUH signed in November 2013. It is not clear from

GCI’s pleadings in this case whether GCI is alleging that this is one of the two

contracts referenced in its Petition (i.e., the First and Second Contracts). Regardless,

the evidence before the trial court established the following:

        a.      The Interim Payment and PLC Proposal Agreement was entered into
                while the KOK was dry-docked in Portland, Oregon in November 2013.
                CR 438. At that time the KOK control systems that GCI had installed
                pursuant to the original September 11, 2012, Purchase Order
                Z10007175 were still not functioning properly and RCUH needed GCI

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144163.06501/101687931v.1
                to complete the required work in order for the ship to return to its home
                port in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. Id. GCI refused to perform additional work
                until additional payments were made to them on the original Purchase
                Order. Id.

        b.      Furthermore, GCI asserted that an upgrade costing $24,571 was
                required to get the ship operating properly. Id. The proposed upgrade,
                which including training to be provided to the KOK’s crew, was set out
                in GCI’s November 13, 2013, proposal. Id.

        c.      Michael Hamnett, RCUH’s Executive Director, signed the Interim
                Payment and PLC Proposal Agreement on November 13, 2013, at
                RCUH’s offices in Hawaiʻi. Id. On that same date RCUH also issued
                a purchase order change in the amount of $24,571. Id. This purchase
                change order was also issued in Hawaiʻi. Id.

        d.      All of the work GCI performed on the R/V KOK under the Interim
                Payment and PLC Proposal Agreement and/or the purchase order
                change, including any training provided to the KOK’s crew, took place
                outside the state of Texas. CR 439. The final drawings provided by
                GCI under this agreement, which ended up being incorrect and which
                were started by Jack Van Vleit of GCI while he was aboard the KOK
                in Hawaiʻi, were delivered to RCUH in Hawaiʻi. Id.

        e.      No employee or property of RCUH ever traveled to Texas in connection
                with the Interim Payment and PLC Proposal Agreement and/or the
                purchase order change. Id.

        f.      RCUH issued two payments to GCI pursuant to the Interim Payment
                and PLC Proposal Agreement. CR 439. These payments were sent to
                GCI’s address in Louisiana. Id.

        g.      Any parts, equipment, and/or or documents provided by GCI to RCUH
                in connection with the Interim Payment and PLC Proposal Agreement
                and/or the purchase order change were delivered to RCUH outside the
                state of Texas. Id.

G.      Stewart & Stevenson and ABS

        On page 11 of its Statement of Facts, without citing any part of the record,

GCI asserts that “RCUH has also long called on other Texas equipment and service
                                             6
144163.06501/101687931v.1
providers beyond just GCI for KOK maintenance, inspection and upgrades.”

Regarding the only two “providers” identified by GCI, Stewart & Stevenson and the

American Bureau of Shipping, or ABS, the evidence before the trial court

established the following:

        -       Between 1998 and September 9, 2012, RCUH ordered parts and/or
                equipment for the KOK from Stewart & Stevenson that Stewart &
                Stevenson shipped or sent to locations outside the state of Texas. CR
                439. RCUH’s records indicate that the last of the parts and/or
                equipment it ordered from Stewart & Stevenson were delivered by no
                later than October of 2012. Id.

        -       While certain parts/equipment Stewart & Stevenson provided to the
                KOK potentially could have been affected by GCI’s work under the
                September 2012 Purchase Order, RCUH is unaware of Stewart &
                Stevenson having any involvement in GCI’s work on the KOK after the
                September 11, 2012, Purchase Order was issued. Id.

        -       RCUH’s records show that between 1998 and October 30, 2012,
                payments from RCUH to Stewart & Stevenson totaled $226,861.50. Id.
                RCUH’s records show that no payments have been provided to Stewart
                & Stevenson after October 30, 2012. Id.

        Regarding ABS, which RCUH denies is a “Texas vendor,”3 the services ABS

provided to RCUH for the KOK were performed by personnel from ABS offices

3
  See CR 435, footnote 43, which is also set forth herein for the Court’s convenience: “Since its
founding in 1862, the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), a New York not-for-profit
corporation, has been committed to setting standards for safety and excellence as one of the world’s
leading ship classification societies. The mission of ABS is to serve the public interest as well as
the needs of our members and clients by promoting the security of life and property and preserving
the natural environment. ABS has been at the forefront of marine and offshore energy innovation
for more than 150 years. In a constantly evolving industry, ABS works alongside its partners
tackling the most pressing technical, operational and regulatory challenges so the marine and
offshore industries can operate safely, securely and responsibly. The surveyors, engineers,
researchers and regulatory specialists who form the ABS team work in more than 200 offices in
70 countries around the world providing traditional classification services as well as on-the-ground

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144163.06501/101687931v.1
outside of Texas in places including Honolulu, Portland, Seattle, and Panama, and

RCUH’s correspondence with ABS was with non-Texas offices/personnel. CR 362-

385, CR 398-414, CR 439, CR 449-463. RCUH’s records only contain the following

three references to ABS Houston personnel:

        a.      in a report on a survey conducted in Honolulu on January 11, 2011,
                there is a note stating that “[a]ny modifications to existing ABS
                Approved Main Propulsion drive train to be submitted to ABS Houston
                Engineer for approval prior to commencing modification (CR 401);

        b.      in a report on a survey conducted in Honolulu on February 4, 2012,
                there is a note stating that manuals for a winch were to be submitted to
                the appropriate Houston Ship Engineering Department before the next
                annual hull survey (CR 405); and,

        c.      in a report on a survey conducted in Honolulu on November 20, 2012,
                there is a note indicating that the winch manual had been submitted (CR
                411).

Finally, RCUH’s records reflect only a total of $55,831.00 in payments to ABS for

the services to the KOK between September 2010 and January 2015. CR 464-477.

          RCUH’S OBJECTIONS TO GCI’S STATEMENT OF FACTS

        RCUH makes the following objections to GCI’s Statement of Facts and

asserts that the portions objected to below violate Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure

38.1(g) (“Statement of Facts. The brief must state concisely and without argument

the facts pertinent to the issues or points presented….The statement must be

supported by record references.”).

technical services in asset performance, energy efficiency, environmental performance and life
cycle management.” See http://ww2.eagle.org/en/about-us.html, (last accessed June 4, 2015).

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A.      “Commercial” Vessel Allegations

        The uncontroverted evidence before the trial court established that the KOK

is a research vessel. Despite this, GCI makes repeated references in its Statement of

Facts to the KOK being a “commercial” research vessel. GCI’s allegations in this

regard are not supported by the record and should therefore be disregarded by this

Court. Specifically:

        •       On page 2 of its Statement of Facts, GCI refers to the KOK as a
                “commercial marine research vessel” and cites to CR 26 for support.
                However, CR 26, which is page 2 of RCUH’s First Amended Special
                Appearance, never refers to the KOK as a “commercial” vessel.

        •       Again on page 2, GCI asserts that “[t]he University operates the KOK
                under commercial contracts with third parties” and cites to CR 582-83
                for support. However, CR 582-83 is a letter in which RCUH notifies
                GCI that due to GCI’s poor work on the upgrade project, the KOK,
                which RCUH describes in the letter as a research vessel, was unable to
                perform a contract with NOAA (which, like RCUH and the University
                of Hawaii, is a government agency) and was therefore losing income.
                Nowhere in the letter is there a statement that the NOAA contract is a
                “commercial contract.”

        •       On page 3 of its Statement of Facts, GCI claims that “[s]ince 1993,
                RCUH has engaged GCI…to keep the KOK in commercial operation”
                and cites to CR 104. CR 104 is a page from an affidavit from Jack Van
                Vleit of GCI, and nowhere in the affidavit does Mr. Van Vleit refer to
                the KOK as a “commercial” vessel.

        •       On page 4 of its Statement of Facts, GCI again refers to the KOK as a
                “commercial vessel” and cites to CR 104-05, the affidavit from Van
                Vleit, and CR 513, which is a second affidavit from Van Vleit filed with
                the Court after the June 5, 2015, hearing on RCUH’s Special
                Appearance, for support. Again, nowhere in either affidavit does Van
                Vleit refer to the KOK as a “commercial” vessel.

                                            9
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B.       Alleged “Contacts” With Jack Van Vleit in Houston

         On page 4 of its Statement of Facts, GCI asserts that “RCUH does not dispute

that since 2006, RCUH directed roughly 90% of its contacts with GCI to Van Vleit

in Houston and that GCI’s Houston office, and Van Vleit in particular, were

responsible for servicing RCUH’s requests and needs to keep its commercial vessel

in operation….Nor does RCUH dispute that RCUH was well aware of GCI’s

operations in Houston, Texas and knew that since 2006, GCI’s Houston office was

responsible for servicing RCUH’s requests and needs.” (Italics in original).

         However, RCUH does dispute these assertions 4 and would note that the

evidence before the trial court showed that many of RCUH’s “contacts” with GCI

were with GCI’s Louisiana office/personnel and not its Texas office/personnel,

calling into question Van Vleit’s assertion that “90%” of RCUH’s contacts with GCI

were directed to him in Houston. Specifically:

         •      GCI’s proposals to RCUH contained both a Louisiana and Houston
                address (CR 52-53, CR 110-111, CR 153-159);

         •      RCUH’s purchase orders were directed to GCI’s Louisiana address (CR
                49-50, CR 127-128, CR 135-136, CR 593-659);

         •      GCI’s invoices contain only GCI’s Louisiana address (CR 51, CR 55-
                65, CR 129-131, CR 137-140, CR 144-145, CR 151, CR 199);

         •      RCUH’s payments to GCI were sent to GCI in Louisiana (CR 42, CR
                439; and,

4
    See CR 590-591.

                                          10
144163.06501/101687931v.1
        •       RCUH’s communications with GCI included GCI personnel who
                appear to have been based in Louisiana, not Texas (CR 660-693).

        Additionally, even though Van Vleit claims that “RCUH over the past nine

(9) years regularly solicited my analysis and advice in Houston,” the email

correspondence cited in his affidavit as support for this assertion only goes back as

far as July 23, 2011, which is slightly less than four years from the date of his second

affidavit. CR 513, CR 517-581.

C.      GCI’s Allegations that RCUH “Solicited” GCI in Texas

        On page 5 of its Statement of Facts, GCI alleges that RCUH does not “deny

that it was the party repeatedly soliciting GCI’s services.” However, as GCI

acknowledges in its Statement of Facts, RCUH objected when, following the June

5, 2015, hearing on RCUH’s Special Appearance, GCI submitted a second affidavit

from Van Vleit which raised the “solicit” allegation for the first time. See CR 587-

590. Moreover, GCI’s assertion that RCUH could have requested a continuance of

the hearing in order to provide a controverting affidavit is both: 1) false, because the

allegation was not raised until after the hearing; and, 2) improper argument in the

guise of a “Statement of Facts.”

        Further, other than the self-serving allegations contained in Van Vleit’s

affidavit, there is no evidence supporting GCI’s argument that RCUH “solicited” it.

In fact, a review of the email correspondence included with the second Van Vleit

affidavit reveals that it was GCI, not RCUH, who first proposed that GCI itself (as

                                          11
144163.06501/101687931v.1
opposed to one of the “number of U.S. companies” GCI claims “RCUH could have

engaged to work on the KOK”5) perform the upgrades to the KOK that later became

the subject of GCI’s August 2011 and 2012 written proposals and the September 11,

2012 Purchase Order that was issued from Hawaii by RCUH. CR 517-519.6

        Finally, RCUH notes that GCI alleges that RCUH has been its continuous

customer since 1993.7 Assuming arguendo that is correct, and assuming arguendo

that RCUH “solicited” GCI at the start of their relationship (neither of which are

admitted), this would appear to mean that the relationship began well before 2006,

which is when Jack Van Vleit alleges he began managing GCI’s relationship with

RCUH from Houston,8 and thus GCI has offered no evidence that the relationship

between RCUH and GCI began in Texas.

D.      “Ex Works”

        On page 7 of its Statement of Facts, GCI argues that certain language – “Gulf

Coast International, LLC, New Iberia, LA prices are net ex-works ‘EXW’ Houston

TX facility” – contained in an August 2011 proposal establishes that “RCUH was

on notice that ‘delivery” under this proposal would take place in Houston.” The only

“evidence” GCI provides to supports its interpretation of the phrase “ex works” is a

5
  See GCI’s Statement of Facts at p. 11.
6
  RCUH would also note that Van Vleit’s email of July 23, 2011, also states that a GCI employee
in New Iberia (Louisiana), Tommy Broussard, had been tasked by Van Vleit with locating parts
for RCUH, undercutting GCI’s emphasis on its Texas “presence” in connection with RCUH.
7
  See GCI’s Statement of Facts at p. 3.
8
  CR 104-105.

                                              12
144163.06501/101687931v.1
website citation, and there is simply no evidence whatsoever that its inclusion in a

GCI-issued proposal put RCUH on notice of anything.

        Further, RCUH denies that the term has the meaning ascribed to it by GCI,

but would note that it appears to be nothing more than a pricing term and is

irrelevant. More significantly, the work GCI performed on the KOK took place

outside of Texas. CR 42-43, CR 439. Any parts, equipment or documents GCI

provided to RCUH (regardless of where or from whom GCI obtained them) were

delivered to RCUH outside of Texas. CR 439.

E.      Objections to Hearsay Statements

        On page 11 of its Statement of Facts, GCI states that “RCUH, as well as the

KOK crew, have on numerous occasions stated that GCI’s familiarity with and years

of diligent service on KOK equipment, rendered GCI, despite GCI’s location in

Houston, Texas, RCUH’s preferred provider for the KOK’s electronic control

system service work.” GCI cites to CR 513, which is page 2 of Van Vleit’s second

affidavit, for support. While RCUH does not admit that any of the purported

communications by RCUH personnel ever occurred as claimed by Van Vleit, RCUH

objects to this evidence as constituting self-serving, inadmissible hearsay under

Texas Rule of Evidence 802 and submits that the Court should therefore disregard

this portion of GCI’s Statement of Facts in its entirety.

                                          13
144163.06501/101687931v.1
                            STANDARD OF REVIEW

        Whether a court has personal jurisdiction over a defendant is a question of

law. American Type Culture Collection, Inc. v. Coleman, 83 S.W.3d 801, 805–06

(Tex. 2002), cert. denied, 537 U.S. 1191, 123 S. Ct. 1271, 154 L. Ed. 2d 1025 (2003).

The trial court’s decision to grant or deny a special appearance is subject to de novo

review on appeal. Id. at 806. The trial court’s factual findings supporting its ruling

on the special appearance may be challenged for legal and factual sufficiency. BMC

Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 795 (Tex. 2002). When the

trial court does not issue findings of fact, all facts necessary to support the trial

court's ruling and supported by the evidence are implied in favor of the trial court's

ruling. Id. Appellate courts are required to affirm a trial court’s ruling on a special

appearance “on any legal theory finding support in the evidence.” Dukatt v. Dukatt,

355 S.W.3d 231, 237 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, pet. denied).

        When examining a legal-sufficiency challenge, appellate courts review the

evidence in the light most favorable to the challenged finding and indulge every

reasonable inference that would support it. City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802,

822 (Tex. 2005). For legal sufficiency points, if there is more than a scintilla of

evidence to support the finding, the no evidence challenge fails. Holt Atherton

Indus., Inc. v. Heine, 835 S.W.2d 80, 84 (Tex. 1992). The court is to credit favorable

evidence if a reasonable fact finder could and disregard contrary evidence unless a

                                          14
144163.06501/101687931v.1
reasonable fact finder could not. Id. at 827. The evidence is legally sufficient if it

would enable a reasonable and fair-minded person to find the fact under review. Id.

The fact finder is the sole judge of witness credibility and the weight to give their

testimony. Id. at 819.

        In a factual-sufficiency review, the appellate court is to consider and weigh

all the evidence, both supporting and contradicting the finding. Mar. Overseas Corp.

v. Ellis, 971 S.W.2d 402, 406–07 (Tex. 1998). The court sets aside the finding only

if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong

and unjust. Id. at 407. The amount of evidence necessary to affirm a judgment is far

less than that necessary to reverse a judgment. Yeng v. Zou, 407 S.W.3d 485, 489

(Tex. App. —Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, no pet.); Parex Res., Inc. v. ERG Res., LLC,

427 S.W.3d 407, 415 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014), reh'g overruled

(Mar. 6, 2014).

                            SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

        The order sustaining the special appearance in RCUH’s favor should be

affirmed. The evidence before the trial court conclusively demonstrated that RCUH

did not purposefully avail itself of the privilege of doing business in Texas. The

work that GCI was contractually required to perform – upgrading various systems

on the KOK (i.e., removing old equipment from the KOK and installing new

equipment on the KOK) – took place outside of Texas. Even GCI admits that all of

                                          15
144163.06501/101687931v.1
its work on the KOK took place outside of Texas and that all parts, equipment,

materials, drawings, etc. it claims to have provided were actually delivered to RCUH

outside of Texas.

         Further, assuming arguendo that GCI established that it had a Texas presence,

and/or that RCUH communicated by phone and/or email with GCI personnel while

they (the GCI personnel) were located in Texas, and/or that GCI performed

“preparatory” and/or “fabrication, engineering, and/or analysis” work in Texas,

these are the exact types of contacts Texas and federal courts have held are not

sufficient to establish specific jurisdiction over a foreign defendant.

         Additionally, the evidence before the trial court established that there is no

general jurisdiction over RCUH. As recently stated by the U.S. Supreme Court, “[a]

court may assert general jurisdiction over foreign (sister-state or foreign-country)

corporations to hear any and all claims against them when their affiliations with the

State are so ‘continuous and systematic’ as to render them essentially at home in the

forum State.” 9 Taken as a whole, RCUH’s contacts with Texas are not so

‘continuous and systematic’ as to render RCUH essentially at home in Texas.

         Finally, the evidence before the trial court established that the assumption of

jurisdiction over RCUH would offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial

9
    Daimler AG v. Bauman, 134 S. Ct. 746, 754, 187 L. Ed. 2d 624 (2014).

                                               16
144163.06501/101687931v.1
justice and deprive it of due process as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to

the United States Constitution.

        For all these reasons, the trial court’s order should be affirmed.

                            ARGUMENT/AUTHORITIES

A.      Special Appearance

        Under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 120a, “a special appearance may be

made by any party either in person or by attorney for the purpose of objecting to the

jurisdiction of the court over the person or property of the defendant on the ground

that such party or property is not amenable to process issued by the courts of this

State.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 120a. The plaintiff has the initial burden of pleading

sufficient allegations to bring the nonresident defendant within the provisions of the

Texas long-arm statute. American Type Culture Collection, 83 S.W.3d at 806;

Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 793. The nonresident defendant then has the burden of

negating all bases of personal jurisdiction. National Indus. Sand Ass'n v. Gibson, 897
S.W.2d 769, 772 (Tex. 1995); Zamarron v. Shinko Wire Co., Ltd., 125 S.W.3d 132,

137 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet. denied).

B.      Personal Jurisdiction

        The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment operates to limit the

power of a state to assert personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant. Asahi

Metal Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Superior Court of Cal., Solano County, 480 U.S. 102, 108,

                                           17
144163.06501/101687931v.1
107 S. Ct. 1026, 1030 (1987); Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall,

466 U.S. 408, 413–14, 104 S. Ct. 1868, 1872 (1984). The Due Process Clause

protects an individual’s liberty interest in not being subject to the binding judgments

of a forum with which he has established no meaningful contacts, ties, or relations.

Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 471–72, 105 S. Ct. 2174, 2181

(1985); World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 294, 100 S. Ct.
559, 565 (1980); Int’l Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 319, 66 S. Ct 154, 160

(1945).

        Texas courts do not have jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant unless the

nonresident defendant has purposefully established “minimum contacts” with Texas

and the court’s exercise of jurisdiction over defendant comports with “fair play and

substantial justice.” Burger King, 471 U.S. at 474-76, 105 S. Ct. at 2184; Moki Mac

River Expeditions v. Drugg, 221 S.W.3d 569, 575 (Tex. 2007); Marchand, 83
S.W.3d at 795; Guardian Royal Exch. Assurance, Ltd. v. English China Clays,

P.L.C., 815 S.W.2d 223, 226 (Tex. 1991); Parex, 427 S.W.3d at 416.

        Personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant is constitutional when two

conditions are satisfied: (1) the defendant has established minimum contacts with

the forum state; and (2) the exercise of jurisdiction comports with traditional notions

of fair play and substantial justice. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 795. Minimum contacts

are sufficient for personal jurisdiction when the nonresident defendant purposefully

                                          18
144163.06501/101687931v.1
avails itself of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum state, thus

invoking the benefits and protections of its laws. Moki Mac, 221 S.W.3d at 575.

There are three aspects pertinent to a purposeful-availment inquiry:

       i.       only the defendant's contacts with the forum are relevant, not the
                unilateral activity of another party or a third person;

      ii.       the contacts relied on must be purposeful rather than random,
                fortuitous, or attenuated; and,

     iii.       the defendant must seek some benefit, advantage or profit by
                “availing” itself of the jurisdiction.

Id. This three-part inquiry assesses the quality and nature of the contacts, not the

quantity. Retamco Operating, Inc. v. Republic Drilling Co., 278 S.W.3d 333, 339

(Tex. 2009). A defendant may purposefully avoid a particular forum by structuring

its transactions in such a way as to neither profit from the forum's laws nor subject

itself to jurisdiction there. Moki Mac, 221 S.W.3d at 575. At its core, the purposeful-

availment analysis seeks to determine whether a nonresident's conduct and

connection to a forum are such that it could reasonably anticipate being haled into

court there. Parex, 427 S.W.3d at 416 (citing Moncrief Oil Int'l Inc. v. OAO

Gazprom, 414 S.W.3d 142, 152 (Tex. 2013)).

C.      RCUH Negated Specific Jurisdiction

        The United States Supreme Court has refined the minimum contacts analysis

into specific and general jurisdiction. Guardian Royal, 815 S.W.2d at 227. When

specific jurisdiction is asserted, the cause of action must arise out of or relate to the

                                            19
144163.06501/101687931v.1
nonresident defendant's contact with the forum state in order to satisfy the minimum

contacts requirement. Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 414 n. 8, 104 S. Ct. 1872 n. 8;

World-Wide Volkswagen Corp., 444 U.S. at 293-94. The minimum contacts analysis

focuses on the relationship among the defendant, the forum and the litigation.

Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 414, 104 S. Ct. at 1872; Parex, 427 S.W.3d at 416. For a

nonresident defendant's forum contacts to support an exercise of specific

jurisdiction, there must be a substantial connection between those contacts and the

operative facts of the litigation. Moki Mac, 221 S.W.3d at 585; Parex, 427 S.W.3d

at 416.      The nonresident defendant's activities must have been “purposefully

directed” to the forum and the litigation must result from alleged injuries that “arise

out of or relate to” those activities. Burger King, 471 U.S. at 472. Furthermore, the

contact must have resulted from the nonresident defendant's purposeful conduct and

not the unilateral activity of the plaintiff or others. Guardian Royal, 815 S.W.2d at

228; Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 417, 104 S. Ct. at 1873; World–Wide Volkswagen,
444 U.S. at 298, 100 S. Ct. at 567.

        RCUH met is burden to negate specific jurisdiction. More particularly, the

undisputed evidence before the trial court established the following:

        a.      RCUH is an agency of the sovereign State of Hawaiʻi, established by
                the Hawaiʻi Legislature in 1965, is attached to the University of
                Hawaiʻi for administrative purposes, and has its principal place of
                business in Hawaiʻi. CR 41.

                                          20
144163.06501/101687931v.1
        b.      The R/V KOK is a research vessel owned by the State of Hawaiʻi and
                operated by the University of Hawaiʻi. CR 43.

        c.      The R/V KOK operates out of its home port of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi and
                has worked throughout the Pacific over the past two decades. CR 43.

        d.      On or about September 11, 2012, RCUH issued a purchase order to GCI
                that called for GCI to perform certain upgrades and/or repairs to the
                R/V KOK. CR 42-43, CR 49-50.

        e.      RCUH did not execute or issue the September 11, 2012 Purchase Order
                in Texas. CR 42.

        f.      From at least the time the Purchase Order was issued through at least
                February 2, 2015, the R/V KOK has not called at any Texas ports or
                entered Texas’ territorial waters. CR 43.

        g.      No employee or property of RCUH ever traveled to Texas in connection
                with the September 11, 2012 Purchase Order. CR 42-43.

        h.      As GCI does not dispute, all of the work GCI performed on the R/V
                KOK took place outside the state of Texas. CR 42-43, CR 439; also see
                GCI’s Brief at p. 4, footnote 6; CR 512. Specifically, GCI performed
                work on the R/V KOK while the vessel was at sea or in port in Costa
                Rica, Panama, Oregon, and/or Hawaiʻi. CR 42-43.

        i.      Any parts, equipment or documents GCI provided to RCUH were
                delivered to RCUH outside of Texas. CR 439; also see GCI’s Brief at
                p. 4, footnote 6; CR 513-514.

        j.      None of the payments provided by RCUH to GCI for its work on the
                R/V KOK were sent to the state of Texas. CR 42.

        Further, the Hawaiian choice of law provision in RCUH’s Terms and

Conditions (CR 49-50) is yet another indication that there was no purposeful

availment by RCUH. Olympia Capital Associates, L.P. v. Jackson, 247 S.W.3d 399,

417 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.) (“Moreover, the Agency and Administration

Agreement provides that its provisions ‘shall be construed and interpreted in

                                           21
144163.06501/101687931v.1
accordance with the laws of the British Virgin Islands as from time to time in effect.’

Such a provision does not support an inference of purposeful availment.”).

        a.      Alleged Texas contacts do not establish specific jurisdiction

        GCI’s brief focuses only on its claimed presence in Texas. However, GCI

admits it is a Louisiana Limited Liability Company (CR 5) and does not dispute that

its filings with the Texas Secretary of State for 2010 through 2014 list its principal

place of business and principal office as being in West Iberia, Louisiana. CR 44-48.

GCI’s website indicates that GCI also has a manufacturing plant in Louisiana. CR

590. There is no dispute that the September 11, 2012, Purchase Order was issued to

GCI at its Louisiana address. CR 49-50. There is no dispute that payments from

RCUH to GCI were sent to its Louisiana address. CR 42, CR 439. Many of RCUH’s

communications were with GCI personnel who appear to have been based in

Louisiana (CR 660-693).

        Regardless, the alleged Texas contacts that GCI points to in its brief are the

exact type that Texas and federal courts have held do not establish specific

jurisdiction:

        -       RCUH’s alleged “awareness” that GCI personnel in Texas were
                working on/connected with the KOK project10;

10
  KC Smash 01, LLC v. Gerdes, Hendrichson, Ltd., L.L.P., 384 S.W.3d 389, 394 (Tex. App.—
Dallas 2012, no pet.) (“Appellee framed its jurisdictional facts in terms of appellant's knowledge
of appellee's residence and partial performance in Texas and its knowledge that the payments were
due in Texas. However, if the acts themselves fail to establish minimum contacts and purposeful

                                               22
144163.06501/101687931v.1
        -       telephone calls and emails between RCUH and GCI personnel located
                in Texas11;

        -       alleged performance of fabrication, engineering and analysis services
                by GCI personnel in Texas12; and,

        -       GCI personnel traveling from Texas to locations outside Texas to
                perform work for RCUH.13

availment, the defendant's knowledge of the relationship to Texas will not make the defendant
amenable to jurisdiction.”).
11
   Alenia Spazio, S.p.A. v. Reid, 130 S.W.3d 201, 213 (Tex.App. —Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet.
denied) (“numerous telephone and facsimile communications with people in Texas relating to an
alleged contract do not establish minimum contacts”); Freudensprung v. Offshore Technical
Servs., Inc., 379 F.3d 327, 344 (5th Cir. 2004) (“this Court has repeatedly held that the combination
of mailing payments to the forum state, engaging in communications related to the execution and
performance of the contract, and the existence of a contract between the nonresident defendant and
a resident of the forum are insufficient to establish the minimum contacts necessary to support the
exercise of specific personal jurisdiction over the nonresident defendant”).
12
   KC Smash, 384 S.W.3d at 394; Haddad v. ISI Automation Int'l, Inc., No. 04–09–00562–CV,
2010 WL 1708275, *5 (Tex.App. —San Antonio Apr. 28, 2010, no pet.) (mem. op.) (electronic-
media-system designer's performance of work in Texas for Mexican client was designer's contact,
not client's); Tabor, Chhabra & Gibbs, P.A. v. Medical Legal Evaluations, Inc., 237 S.W.3d 762,
774 (Tex.App. —Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) (decision of plaintiff, a Texas medical expert
witness suing a Mississippi law firm, to perform in Texas most of his preparations for underlying
medical-malpractice trial held in Mississippi was unilateral decision of plaintiff); and, Barnstone
v. Congregation Am Echad, 574 F.2d 286, 289 (5th Cir. 1978); (“Assuming that plaintiff's
endeavor in making the drawings, renderings and models in Texas constitutes partial performance,
it is the opinion of the undersigned that the defendant's contacts with the State are insufficient to
satisfy the Hanson and O'Brien tests of purposeful activity by defendant within the State of Texas.
It was plaintiff who traveled to Maine for the purpose of making his presentation and was there
awarded the commission. Numerous other trips to Maine were made by plaintiff for the purpose
of discussing the plans, conferring with the Board of Incorporators, and soliciting bids for the
construction and engineering of the synagogue. Supervision of actual construction could only take
place within that State. Although plaintiff had no place of business in Maine, he was nonetheless
obliged to and did procure a Maine license to perform the architectural services in that State.
Although plaintiff in his brief states that payment was made through the mails and received by him
from defendant, there is no evidence in the record to support this allegation. At best, plaintiff's
activity in preparing the sketches in Texas would appear to constitute unilateral partial
performance. It is well settled that the unilateral activity of those who claim some relationship with
a non-resident defendant cannot satisfy the requirement of contact with the forum state.”).
13
   KC Smash, 384 S.W.3d at 394; Congregation Am Echad, 574 F.2d at 289.

                                                 23
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        The Dallas Court of Appeals’ opinion in KC Smash is instructive on this point.

KC Smash involved a franchisee with restaurants in Kansas. Id. at 391. The

franchisee’s place of business was in Kansas, and it did not conduct business in

Texas or own property in Texas. The franchisee hired an architectural firm based in

Dallas, Texas, to provide architectural services for the restaurants in Kansas. The

parties' contract was oral, and they communicated by telephone and email. No

employee of the franchisee ever traveled to Texas on business for the franchisee.

The architectural firm’s employees performed the majority of their work in Texas,

and they traveled to Kansas to inspect the construction of the restaurants and to

advise the franchisee. The franchisee paid the Texas firm by sending payments to its

office in Dallas. When the franchisee failed to pay the amounts billed, the Texas

firm brought suit in Dallas County for breach of contract, fraud, theft of services,

fraudulent and negligent misrepresentation, unjust enrichment, sworn account, and

quantum meruit. The franchisee filed a special appearance that the trial court denied.

KC Smash, 384 S.W.3d at 390-91.

        The franchisee appealed. The Dallas Court of Appeals noted that the Texas

firm alleged the following in support of the trial court's exercise of jurisdiction over

the franchisee:

        •       appellant knew that appellee's sole place of business was in Texas;

        •       appellant intentionally sought out appellee in Texas;

                                            24
144163.06501/101687931v.1
        •       appellant hired appellee to provide architectural services in and from
                appellee's office in Texas;

        •       appellant entered into its contract with appellee through telephone calls
                and email to appellee in Texas;

        •       appellant communicated with appellee in Texas through email and
                telephone;

        •       appellant knew that the vast majority of appellee's work would be
                performed in its Texas office;

        •       appellant intentionally made payments and incurred debts payable to
                appellee at its Texas office; and,

        •       appellant made fraudulent and misleading representations to appellee
                in Texas.

Id. at 392-93.

        Despite the foregoing, the Dallas Court of Appeals reversed the trial court,

concluding that the appellant lacked sufficient minimum contacts with Texas to

support the trial court's exercise of personal jurisdiction over appellant. Id. at 394.

The Court of Appeals’ analysis is set forth in full as follows:

            In this case, appellant, through its employees, never physically
            entered this state. Instead, its contacts with appellee in Dallas were
            through telephone and email communications and the sending of
            payments to appellee. None of these constitute a contact
            demonstrating purposeful availment. In Olympia Capital
            Associates, L.P. v. Jackson, 247 S.W.3d 399 (Tex.App. —Dallas
            2008, no pet.), this Court concluded that communications through
            telephone and email regarding negotiation and performance of a
            contract between Texas plaintiffs and a foreign defendant were not
            contacts of the foreign defendant with Texas. Id. at 417; see also id.
            at 418 (“The existence of a contract between the nonresident
            defendant and a resident of the forum and engaging in
            communications related to the execution and performance of that

                                            25
144163.06501/101687931v.1
            contract are insufficient to establish the minimum contacts
            necessary to support the exercise of specific personal jurisdiction
            over the nonresident defendant.”). In Michiana, the [Texas]
            Supreme Court rejected telephone calls as evidence of purposeful
            availment:

                [C]hanges in technology have made reliance on phone calls
                obsolete as proof of purposeful availment. While the ubiquity of
                “caller ID” may allow nonresidents to know a caller's telephone
                number, that number no longer necessarily indicates anything
                about the caller's location. If jurisdiction can be based on phone
                conversations “directed at” a forum, how does a defendant avail
                itself of any jurisdiction when it can never know where the other
                party has forwarded calls or traveled with a mobile phone?

            The same reasoning has been applied to email:

                Like telephone calls, emails do not necessarily indicate anything
                to the recipient about the sender's location. The physical address
                where one may send or retrieve an email is no more fixed to a
                particular location than the address where one may send or
                receive a telephone call. We see no reasoned basis for
                distinguishing between the two means of communication,
                particularly when many of the same devices can be used for both.

            Likewise, fraudulent or negligent misrepresentations made through
            electronic media do not establish specific jurisdiction. Sending
            payments to Texas does not establish minimum contacts.

            Appellee also alleged as a contact the fact that appellee performed
            the “vast majority” of the work under the contract in Texas.
            However, appellee's partial performance in Texas was a unilateral
            action by appellee, not appellant, and it cannot be considered a
            contact by appellant with Texas.

            Moreover appellant did not “seek some benefit, advantage, or profit
            by ‘availing’ itself of the jurisdiction.” Instead, appellant's
            “availing” was for the purpose of building its restaurants in Kansas,
            not for reaping a profit or obtaining a benefit or advantage in Texas.

            Appellee framed its jurisdictional facts in terms of appellant's
            knowledge of appellee's residence and partial performance in Texas
                                            26
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              and its knowledge that the payments were due in Texas. However,
              if the acts themselves fail to establish minimum contacts and
              purposeful availment, the defendant's knowledge of the relationship
              to Texas will not make the defendant amenable to jurisdiction.

KC Smash, 384 S.W.3d at 393-94 (internal citations omitted).

          Regarding its claim to have performed “extensive design, manufacturing,

assembly, sourcing and monitoring services in the state of Texas…,”14 GCI provided

no evidence that GCI itself “manufactured” anything for RCUH; instead, as shown

below, GCI claimed to have “assembled” parts and equipment it had ordered from

third parties:

              “Ajifu is correct that the onsite demolition, installation, and
              servicing of GCI’s parts and components occurred outside of Texas.
              Given that the KOK is an ocean-going vessel and travels to various
              parts of the Pacific Ocean, those portions of the work would
              necessarily occur on the KOK. However, the analysis, planning,
              design, sourcing, ordering, assembly, and shipping of the specially
              fabricated components was performed by GCI for and at the request
              of RCUH in Houston, Texas. For example, the breaker assemblies,
              the unit racks for wiring, the drive control systems, the fuel supply
              controls, and the engine generator controls were all assembled and
              put together in specially fabricated component packages in Houston
              for shipment to Hawaii. In addition, all design drawings were
              drafted, revised, and completed personally by me in GCI’s Houston
              facility.” CR 512-513.

              “In addition to the hard parts and materials assembled by GCI in
              Houston, the final drawings requested by RCUH and prepared by
              GCI in connection with the 2012 GCI contract with RCUH and the
              later PLC Agreement were prepared in Houston and shipped to
              RCUH from GCI’s Houston office.” CR 513.

14
     See GCI’s Brief at p. 21.

                                             27
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            “Ajifu is correct in stating that materials and equipment were
            delivered to the KOK outside of Texas. However, the materials and
            equipment were necessarily, as a result of the proprietary nature of
            GCI’s specialized and complex electrical control component control
            assemblies, designed and assembled by GCI in Houston and shipped
            from GCI in Houston to RCUH and the KOK for installation
            wherever the KOK was located. GCI also, as part of GCI’s work
            for RCUH on the KOK, sourced and ordered parts and equipment
            for RCUH and the KOK from other Texas-based suppliers and GCI
            personnel traveling from Houston to the KOK hand carried GCI’s
            assemblies of parts and equipment to the KOK.” CR 514.

        Moreover, the parts and equipment referenced in GCI’s proposal and in

RCUH’s Purchase Order appear to have come from manufacturers such as Siemens,

Woodward, and Basler Electric. CR 49, CR 52-53, CR 156-157. GCI made no

allegations that any of the equipment it “sourced” from these third parties was

manufactured in Texas; instead, Van Vleit asserted that such equipment came from

third party “distributors,” some of whom he claims were located in Texas. CR 514-

515. Further, there was no evidence that RCUH ever on its own initiative instructed,

ordered, and/or requested that GCI retain, work with, consult with, and/or obtain

parts/equipment from any Texas vendor. CR 439.

        Finally, in addition to the foregoing being the type of unilateral contacts Texas

and federal courts have held do not establish jurisdiction over foreign defendants,

the relevant records reveal that any design, fabrication, and/or assembly work GCI

may have performed was minimal, further underscoring its irrelevance to the

jurisdictional analysis. Specifically, GCI’s August 4, 2012, written proposal and

                                           28
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RCUH’s September 11, 2012, Purchase Order allot only $16,500.00 out of

$286,211.00, or roughly 5% of the total cost, for “engineering design labor, print

fabrication and programming” services. CR 49, CR 156-157. The Interim Payment

and PLC Proposal Agreement does not appear to call for any “fabrication” and/or

“assembly” services at all. CR 441-443, CR 191-196.

        The bottom line is that under the contract or contracts at issue herein, the work

that GCI was contractually required to perform – upgrading various systems on the

KOK (i.e., removing old equipment from the KOK and installing new equipment on

the KOK) – took place outside of Texas. CR 42-43, CR 439. Even GCI admits that

all of its work on the KOK took place outside of Texas and that all parts, equipment,

materials, drawings, analysis, etc., it claims to have provided were actually delivered

to RCUH outside of Texas. See GCI’s Brief at p. 4, n. 6; and, CR 512-514. There is

simply no credible evidence that anything in the September 11, 2012 Purchase Order

or the Interim Payment and PLC Proposal Agreement required GCI to perform any

work in Texas; if it chose to do so, such actions are the type of unilateral contacts

that Texas courts have repeatedly held do not suffice to create jurisdiction over a

foreign defendant.

        b.      The alleged “long-term relationship” between RCUH and GCI
                does not establish specific jurisdiction
        GCI asserts that KC Smash “is distinguishable in a key respect – the

defendant’s contacts with the Texas plaintiff...were limited to a single contract and

                                           29
144163.06501/101687931v.1
did not cover a long-term relationship as is present here.” What GCI would have

this Court overlook is that the lawsuit it filed concerns GCI’s allegations that RCUH

owes it money for work GCI performed on the KOK pursuant to two discrete

contracts – the September 11, 2012, Purchase Order and an alleged “Second

Contract” GCI claims was created in the course of GCI’s work under the Purchase

Order. CR 6-7. GCI’s Petition contains no causes of action concerning anything

other than the work it performed under the September 2012 Purchase Order and the

alleged Second Contract. Id.

          Further, the evidence before the trial court established that as with the

September 11, 2012, Purchase Order, RCUH’s prior purchase orders to GCI were

directed to GCI in Louisiana. CR 127-128, CR 593-659. GCI’s prior invoices

contain only GCI’s Louisiana address (CR 129-131, CR 137-140, CR 144-145, CR

151). RCUH’s prior communications with GCI included GCI personnel who appear

to have been based in Louisiana, not Texas (CR 678-693).

          Moreover, the pre-September 2012 contacts alleged by GCI consist entirely

of the type that, as discussed above in detail, Texas and federal courts have held do

not establish specific jurisdiction (emails with GCI personnel allegedly located in

Texas, GCI personnel traveling out of Texas to perform work on the KOK in Hawaii

or elsewhere, etc.15).

15
     See GCI’s Brief at p. 3, p. 7.

                                          30
144163.06501/101687931v.1
        Finally, as set forth below, the opinions GCI claims support its “long term

relationship” argument all turned on facts that are simply not present in this case:

        •       In Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, the Supreme Court noted that the
                defendant “deliberately ‘reach[ed] out beyond’ Michigan and
                negotiated with a Florida corporation for the purchase of a long-term
                franchise and the manifold benefits that would derive from affiliation
                with a nationwide organization…Upon approval, he entered into a
                carefully structured 20-year relationship that envisioned continuing and
                wide-reaching contacts with Burger King in Florida. In light of
                Rudzewicz' voluntary acceptance of the long-term and exacting
                regulation of his business from Burger King's Miami headquarters, the
                “quality and nature” of his relationship to the company in Florida can
                in no sense be viewed as “random,” “fortuitous,” or “attenuated.” 471
U.S. at 479-80, 105 S. Ct. at 2186. Additionally, the contract at issue
                required payments to be sent to Florida and also contained a Florida
                choice of law provision. 471 U.S. at 481, 105 S. Ct. at 2187.

        •       In Electrosource, Inc. v. Horizon Battery Technologies, Ltd., the Fifth
                Circuit stated: “HBTL sought out Electrosource for a particular
                technology that had been developed in Texas, negotiated for its
                acquisition in Texas, entered into an agreement for the transfer of
                technology in Texas, and began the process of training, designing, and
                preparation in Texas necessary to the transfer of the technology. These
                contacts display that HBTL purposefully availed itself of the privilege
                of conducting activities within Texas, thus invoking the benefits and
                protections of its laws.” 176 F.3d 867, 873-74 (5th Cir. 1999).

        •       In Sw. Offset, Inc. v. Hudco Pub. Co., Inc., the Fifth Circuit Court of
                Appeals found it significant that the telephone books that were the
                subject of the contract were manufactured in Texas and that the
                defendant was required to send “camera-ready copy and proofs to
                Texas in order to facilitate the manufacturing process.” 622 F.2d 149,
                152 (5th Cir. 1980).

        •       In Command-Aire Corp. v. Ontario Mech. Sales & Serv. Inc., the Fifth
                Circuit noted that the plaintiff was a Texas corporation with its principal
                place of business in Texas; that the president of the defendant company
                traveled to Texas multiple times to discuss engineering and design

                                             31
144163.06501/101687931v.1
                specifications; that there was a Texas choice of law and forum selection
                clause in the contract; that the foreign defendant took possession of and
                title to the equipment manufactured by the plaintiff in Texas; and that
                Texas was the place of payment. 963 F.2d 90, 93-95 (5th Cir. 1992).

        •       In N. Coast Commercial Roofing Sys., Inc. v. RMAX, Inc., the Dallas
                Court of Appeals relied heavily on the fact that the out-of-state
                defendant had solicited credit from the plaintiff’s Texas office; that the
                defendant was told in advance that the product it was purchasing was
                made only at the plaintiff’s Texas plant; that payment was required to
                be sent to Texas; and that the contract contained a Texas choice of law
                clause. 130 S.W.3d 491, 495 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.).

        •       In Retamco Operating, Inc. v. Republic Drilling Co., the Texas
                Supreme Court found that the defendant’s “reached out and created a
                continuing relationship in Texas” because it acquired an interest in real
                property in interests in Texas, noting that “[u]nlike personal property,
                [the defendant’s] real property will always be in Texas, which leaves
                no doubt of the continuing relationship that this ownership creates. 278
S.W.3d 333, 339 (Tex. 2009).

        •       In 360-Irvine, LLC v. Tin Star Dev., LLC., the Dallas Court of Appeals
                held that the defendants established a continuing relationship with the
                plaintiff and the State of Texas and that by doing so, they purposefully
                availed themselves of the privilege of conducting activities within the
                forum, thus invoking the benefits and protections of Texas’ laws,
                because: the parties had entered into a joint venture to develop
                properties in Texas and offer investment opportunities in Texas; the
                parties’ agreement contained a Texas choice of law and forum selection
                clause; and the parties’ agreement called for the Texas plaintiff to open
                a Dallas office and to conduct the joint ventures’ operations from there.
                360-Irvine, LLC v. Tin Star Dev., LLC, 05-14-00412-CV, 2015 WL
3958509, at *7 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 30, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.).

        •       In Nogle & Black Aviation, Inc. v. Faveretto, a non-contract case, the
                14th Court of Appeals stated: “It is not unreasonable to expect that the
                choice to use a Texas engineer doing work in Texas to assist with the
                design of a wing spar modification could lead to litigation in Texas for
                a claim relating to a wing spar failure.” 290 S.W.3d 277, 283 (Tex.
                App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, no pet.).

                                            32
144163.06501/101687931v.1
          •      In Rynone Mfg. Corp. v. Republic Indus., Inc., the defendant “solicited
                 [the plaintiff’s] business in Texas by means of advertisements and
                 solicitations directed specifically to [the plaintiff] in Marshall.” 96
S.W.3d 636, 638 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002, no pet.).

          c.     Alleged “solicitation” of GCI fails to establish specific jurisdiction
          GCI also relies heavily on its argument that RCUH “solicited” GCI’s services.

As a preliminary matter, RCUH notes that GCI alleges that RCUH has been its

continuous customer since 1993. 16            Assuming arguendo that is correct, and

assuming arguendo that RCUH “solicited” GCI at the start of their relationship

(neither of which are admitted), this would appear to mean that the relationship

began well before 2006, which is when Jack Van Vleit alleges he began managing

GCI’s relationship with RCUH from Houston (CR 104-105), and thus GCI has

offered no evidence that the relationship between RCUH and GCI began in Texas.

          Further, other than the self-serving allegations contained in Van Vleit’s

affidavit, there is no evidence supporting GCI’s argument that RCUH “solicited” it.

In fact, a review of the email correspondence included with the second Van Vleit

affidavit reveals that it was GCI, not RCUH, who first proposed that GCI itself (as

opposed to one of the “number of U.S. companies” GCI claims “RCUH could have

engaged to work on the KOK”17) perform the upgrades to the KOK that later became

the subject of GCI’s August 2011 and 2012 written proposals and the September 11,

16
     See GCI’s Statement of Facts at p. 3.
17
     See GCI’s Statement of Facts at p. 11.

                                              33
144163.06501/101687931v.1
2012, Purchase Order that was issued from Hawaii by RCUH. CR 517-519.18 Thus,

even if RCUH did subsequently request that GCI provide it with a written proposal

for the upgrade work, the Fourteenth Court of Appeals’ opinion in Parex is

instructive as to why this would not provide a basis for exercising specific

jurisdiction over RCUH:

            Accordingly, after Nabors told Parex Canada that Nabors would
            contact Parex Canada if the ERG SPA did not close, Parex Canada
            became the solicitor by continuing to contact Nabors. At this point,
            Parex Canada contacted Texas-based Nabors knowing that Nabors's
            counter-party was Texas-based ERG. Thus, Parex Canada's Texas
            contacts as of March 9, 2012 were not based solely on Nabors's
            unilateral activity or in response to Nabors's inquiries. Nevertheless,
            Parex Canada's decision to reach into Texas via these contacts was
            certainly less purposeful than if Parex Canada was independently
            seeking out a Texas seller without initial prompting from Nabors.
            Parex Canada was still negotiating to buy Colombian assets from a
            seller who happened to live in Texas and who had originally reached
            out to Parex Canada. Moreover, the fact that Texas-based ERG was
            now part of the equation was based on Nabors's unilateral decision
            to contract with ERG, not any Parex Canada decision. Hence,
            although Parex Canada became the solicitor following execution of
            the ERG SPA, this fact does not support substantial Texas
            availment.

Parex, 427 S.W.3d at 422.

18
  RCUH would also note that Van Vleit’s email of July 23, 2011, also states that a GCI employee
in New Iberia (Louisiana), Tommy Broussard, had been tasked by Van Vleit with locating parts
for RCUH, undercutting GCI’s emphasis on its Texas “presence” in connection with RCUH.

                                              34
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D.      RCUH Negated General Jurisdiction

        General jurisdiction may be asserted when the cause of action does not arise

from or relate to the nonresident defendant's purposeful conduct within the forum

state but there are continuous and systematic contacts between the nonresident

defendant and the forum state. Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 414–16, 104 S. Ct. at 1872-

1873. When general jurisdiction is asserted, the minimum contacts analysis is more

demanding and requires a showing of substantial activities in the forum state.

Guardian Royal, 815 S.W.2d at 228. Usually, the defendant must be engaged in

longstanding business in the forum state, such as marketing or shipping products, or

performing services, or maintaining one or more offices there. Parex, 427 S.W.3d at

416-17. Activities less extensive than that will not qualify for general jurisdiction.

Id. at 417. As recently stated by the U.S. Supreme Court, “[a] court may assert

general jurisdiction over foreign (sister-state or foreign-country) corporations to hear

any and all claims against them when their affiliations with the State are so

‘continuous and systematic’ as to render them essentially at home in the forum

State.” Daimler, 134 S. Ct. at 754; and, Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 414 n. 9, 104 S.

Ct. at 1872 n. 9.

        Helicopteros arose from a helicopter crash in Peru. Four U.S. citizens

perished in that accident; their survivors and representatives brought suit in Texas

state court against the helicopter's owner and operator, a Colombian corporation,

                                          35
144163.06501/101687931v.1
whose contacts with Texas were confined to “sending its chief executive officer to

Houston for a contract-negotiation session; accepting into its New York bank

account checks drawn on a Houston bank; purchasing helicopters, equipment, and

training services from [a Texas-based helicopter company] for substantial sums; and

sending personnel to [Texas] for training.” 466 U.S. at 416, 104 S. Ct. at 1873. The

Supreme Court held that there was an insufficient basis for exercising general

jurisdiction, noting that “mere purchases, even if occurring at regular intervals are

not enough to warrant a State's assertion of in personam jurisdiction over a

nonresident corporation in a cause of action not related to those purchase

transactions.” 466 U.S. at 418, 104 S. Ct. at 1874.

        In Parex, the Fourteenth Court of Appeals held that a Canadian company was

not subject to general jurisdiction in Texas. Parex, 427 S.W.3d at 433. The Court

of Appeals’ analysis is set forth in full as follows:

            Parex Canada does not conduct business, market products, pay
            taxes, or have offices, bank accounts, property, employees, or a
            registered agent, in Texas. Since its incorporation, Parex Canada
            has engaged in the following Texas contacts aside from the $75
            million Parex SPA:

            • In November 2010, Parex Canada made certain filings with the
              Texas State Securities Board relative to a Texas investor who
              purchased, without any solicitation from Parex Canada, a
              relatively small amount of shares of Parex Canada's common
              stock.

            • During a layover in Houston in February 2011, Parex Canada
              vice-president Taylor had a meeting with other non-Texas

                                           36
144163.06501/101687931v.1
                entities regarding development of Colombian assets. Later, Parex
                Canada conducted due diligence in Texas regarding these assets,
                but a deal never materialized.

            • In March and June 2011, Parex Canada personnel attended
              meetings in Houston regarding the purchase of the Colombian-
              based Remora assets. One of the Remora entities had a Houston
              office. This deal materialized, and Parex Colombia purchased the
              assets for $255 million. The transaction closed in Bermuda.
              Apparently, Texas-based Nabors entities and personnel were
              involved in this transaction.

            • In October 2011, Parex Canada contracted to purchase software
              from a company that maintains a Houston office. The contract
              contains Texas-based forum-selection and arbitration clauses.
              However, Parex Canada deals exclusively with Canadian-based
              personnel of the company.

            • In November 2011, Parex Canada purchased equipment from a
              non-Texas entity which unilaterally chose to ship the equipment
              to Houston, at which point Parex Canada paid for the equipment
              to be shipped to Trinidad by a Houston-based company. Parex
              Canada engaged in similar transactions between December 2011
              and February 2012.

            • In January 2012, Parex Canada held a managers retreat in
              Houston, which was a central location relative to the location of
              the Parex entities. Several officers attended, including Pinsky,
              Taylor, and Parex Canada CEO Wayne Foo. The meeting did not
              involve any discussion regarding solicitation of Texas business.

            • Also in January 2012, Foo remained in Texas after the managers
              retreat to participate in several informational sessions regarding
              investor relations. Foo did so at the request of a separate
              Canadian-based entity which is a party to an underwriting
              agreement with Parex Canada. During the sessions, Foo provided
              publicly available information regarding Parex Canada for
              purposes of creating awareness of Parex Canada stock, not to
              actually sell stock. Parex Canada engages in over 150 such
              sessions per year around the world.

                                           37
144163.06501/101687931v.1
            • Also while attending the January 2012 managers retreat, a Parex
              Canada employee met with a Houston-based subsidiary of a
              Canadian company to discuss operational matters regarding
              drilling in Trinidad. Parex Canada did not enter into any
              contracts as a result of this meeting.

            • Finally, on multiple occasions, Parex Canada personnel have
              made phone calls from Houston during layovers.

            These contacts are simply too sporadic to permit a Texas court to
            exercise general jurisdiction over Parex Canada. For a corporation,
            the paradigm forum for the exercise of general jurisdiction is the
            place in which the corporation is fairly regarded as at home. A
            corporation's continuous activity of some sorts within a state is not
            enough to support the demand that the corporation be amenable to
            suits unrelated to that activity.

            Clearly, Parex Canada's trips, activities, and purchases in Texas
            have not rendered Texas as Parex Canada's home or even an
            intermediate place of business. Additionally, many of the
            aforementioned contacts were fortuitous and not purposeful, such as
            a third party choosing to send equipment through Houston, a Texas
            individual choosing to invest in Parex Canada, and a Canadian-
            based entity requesting a Parex Canada officer conduct
            informational sessions in Texas. Even Parex Canada's involvement
            in significant expenditures—$255 million for the Remora assets and
            $75 million for the Ramshorn assets—are not enough to subject
            Parex Canada to general jurisdiction. We hold Parex Canada does
            not have continuous and systematic contacts with Texas, and the
            trial court may not properly exercise general jurisdiction over Parex
            Canada.

Parex, 27 S.W.3d at 431-33 (internal citations omitted).

        The evidence submitted with this Special Appearance establishes that there is

no basis for exercising general jurisdiction over RCUH. As stated above, RCUH, is

not and never has been a resident of the State of Texas. CR 41. RCUH is an agency

of the sovereign State of Hawaiʻi, established by the Hawaiʻi Legislature in 1965,

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and is attached to the University of Hawaiʻi for administrative purposes. Id. Its

enabling legislation is codified as Chapter 304A, Sections 3001 to 3011 of the

Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes. Id. The fundamental mission of RCUH is to support the

research and training programs of the University of Hawaiʻi and to enhance research,

development, and training generally in Hawaiʻi. Id. Its principal place of business

is located in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. Id. RCUH has no offices in Texas. Id. It does not

have a registered agent for service of process in Texas. Id. RCUH has no bank

accounts, property or assets in Texas and does not own or lease any interest in any

real estate or other assets in Texas. Id. It does not design, manufacture or sell

products in Texas. CR 42. Finally, RCUH does not recruit Texas residents, directly

or through any intermediary located in Texas, for employment inside or outside

Texas. Id.

          GCI claims in its Response that “RCUH’s broad reach into Texas through

other service providers subjects it to personal jurisdiction in a Texas court under a

general jurisdictional inquiry.” 19 GCI identified only two “service providers”:

Stewart & Stevenson and ABS. RCUH’s contacts with Stewart & Stevenson are

simply in no way sufficient to establish general jurisdiction over RCUH, as shown

below:

          -      RCUH’s records indicate that between 1998 and September 9, 2012,
                 RCUH ordered parts and/or equipment for the KOK from Stewart &

19
     See GCI’s Brief at p. 20.

                                          39
144163.06501/101687931v.1
                 Stevenson that Stewart & Stevenson shipped or sent to locations outside
                 the state of Texas. RCUH’s records indicate that the last of the parts
                 and/or equipment it ordered from Stewart & Stevenson were delivered
                 by no later than October of 2012. CR 439.

         -       While certain parts/equipment Stewart & Stevenson provided to the
                 KOK potentially could have been affected by GCI’s work under the
                 September 2012 Purchase Order, RCUH is unaware of Stewart &
                 Stevenson having any involvement in GCI’s work on the KOK after the
                 September 11, 2012, Purchase Order was issued. Id.

         -       RCUH’s records show that between 1998 and October 30, 2012,
                 payments from RCUH to Stewart & Stevenson totaled $226,861.50.
                 RCUH’s records show that no payments have been provided to Stewart
                 & Stevenson after October 30, 2012. Id.

         The same is true for ABS.20 The services ABS provided to RCUH for the

KOK were performed by personnel from ABS offices outside of Texas in places

including Honolulu, Portland, Seattle, and Panama, and RCUH’s communications

with ABS were with non-Texas offices/personnel. CR 362-385, CR 398-414, CR

439, CR 449-463. Further, RCUH’s records only contain the following three

references to ABS Houston personnel:

         a.      in a report on a survey conducted in Honolulu on January 11, 2011,
                 there is a note stating that “Any modifications to existing ABS
                 Approved Main Propulsion drive train to be submitted to ABS Houston
                 Engineer for approval prior to commencing modification (CR 401);

         b.      in a report on a survey conducted in Honolulu on February 4, 2012,
                 there is a note stating that manuals for a winch were to be submitted to
                 the appropriate Houston Ship Engineering Department before the next
                 annual hull survey (CR 405); and,

20
     As set forth in RCUH’s Statement of Facts at p. 8, RCUH denies ABS is a “Texas vendor.”

                                               40
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        c.      in a report on a survey conducted in Honolulu on November 20, 2012,
                there is a note indicating that the winch manual had been submitted (CR
                411).

Finally, RCUH’s records reflect only a total of $55,831.00 in payments to ABS for

the services to the KOK between September 2010 and January 2015. CR 464-477.

        It is well-settled law that merely purchasing goods or services from a Texas

vendor or vendors does not establish general jurisdiction. See American Type

Culture Collection, 83 S.W.3d at 808 (“ATCC contends that its purchases from

Texas vendors ‘do not provide evidence warranting the exercise of general

jurisdiction over ATCC.’ We agree.”); Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 418, 104 S. Ct at

1874 (“[M]ere purchases, even if occurring at regular intervals, are not enough to

warrant a State's assertion of in personam jurisdiction over a nonresident corporation

in a cause of action not related to those purchase transactions.”); Dalton v. R & W

Marine, Inc., 897 F.2d 1359, 1362 n. 3 (5th Cir. 1990) (“[P]urchases and trips related

thereto, even if they occur regularly, are not, standing alone, a sufficient basis for

the assertion of jurisdiction.”); Parex, 427 S.W.3d at 432-33); (“Clearly, Parex

Canada's trips, activities, and purchases in Texas have not rendered Texas as Parex

Canada's home or even an intermediate place of business.”); and, Internet Adver.

Group, Inc. v. Accudata, Inc., 301 S.W.3d 383, 392 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no

pet.) (purchases from Texas vendors do not establish general jurisdiction). Taken as

a whole, RCUH’s contacts with ABS (to the extent they were in Texas) and Stewart

                                           41
144163.06501/101687931v.1
& Stevenson are not so ‘continuous and systematic’ as to render RCUH essentially

at home in Texas. There is no general jurisdiction over RCUH.

E.      Exercising Jurisdiction over RCUH Would Violate Traditional Notions
        of Fair Play and Substantial Justice
        Even if the Court determined that RCUH somehow has minimum contacts

with Texas – which it clearly does not – exercising jurisdiction over RCUH would

still violate the traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice guaranteed by

the United States Constitution. In making this determination, a court looks to five

factors: (1) the burden on the defendant; (2) the interests of the forum state in

adjudicating the dispute; (3) the plaintiff's interest in obtaining convenient and

effective relief; (4) the interstate judicial system's interest in obtaining the most

efficient resolution of controversies; and (5) the shared interest of the several states

in furthering fundamental substantive social policies. Guardian Royal, 815 S.W.2d

at 228.

        The burden on RCUH to defend itself in Texas rather than its home

jurisdiction in Hawaiʻi would be significant. If the claims against RCUH were

allowed to continue in Texas, employees and/or representatives of RCUH would be

forced to travel to Texas to assist in the defense. The costs and time associated with

such travel is considerable. In addition, while Texas may have an interest in

providing a forum for its citizens, there is no reason to believe that Texas's interest

is more substantial than that of Hawaii, where RCUH resides. As stated above, it is

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not even clear that GCI is a citizen or resident of Texas. Based on the foregoing,

Texas's interest in adjudicating this dispute would appear to be minimal, at best. See

Alstam Power, Inc. v. Infrassure, Ltd., 2010 WL 521105, at *6 (Tex. App. —Austin

2010, no pet.) (mem. op.).

        In sum, the assumption of jurisdiction by this Court over RCUH would offend

traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice and deprive it of due process

as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. See

Guardian Royal, 815 S.W.2d at 232. The trial court’s order should be affirmed.

                            CONCLUSION AND PRAYER

        For all these reasons, Appellee The Research Corporation of the University of

Hawaiʻi respectfully requests that the trial court’s order granting its special

appearance be affirmed, and for such other and further relief to which it may show

itself to be justly entitled.

                                          43
144163.06501/101687931v.1
                             Respectfully submitted,

                             ___/s/ David G. Meyer____________
                             Michael K. Bell
                             State Bar No. 02081200
                             David Meyer
                             State Bar No. 24052106
                             BLANK ROME LLP
                             717 Texas Ave., Suite 1400 Houston,
                             Texas 77002
                             Telephone: (713) 228-6601
                             Facsimile: (713) 228-6605
                             Email: mbell@blankrome.com;
                             dmeyer@blankrome.com
                             Attorneys for Appellee, The
                             Research Corporation of the
                             University of Hawaiʻi

                            44
144163.06501/101687931v.1
                            CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
      Pursuant to Rules 6.3 and 9.5(b), (d), and (e) of the Texas Rules of Appellate
Procedure, I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing instrument
was served on all counsel of record on this the 5th day of November, 2015, as follows:

        Via first class mail, email and electronic service:
        Jeffrey B. Kaiser
        Kaiser, P.C.
        Enterprise Bank Tower
        2211 Norfolk, Suite 528
        Houston, Texas 77098

        and

        Kelley M. Keller
        State Bar No. 11198240
        Ellison & Keller, P.C.
        5120 Woodway Drive, Suite 6019
        Houston, Texas 77056

                                        ____/s/ David G. Meyer _______________________

                                         - 45 -
144163.06501/101687931v.1
                            CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
        1.      This brief complies with the type-volume limitation of Texas Rule of

Appellate Procedure 9.4(i)(2) because this brief contains 11,955 words, excluding

the parts of the brief exempted by Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4(i)(1).

        2.      This brief complies with the typeface requirements of Texas Rule of

Appellate Procedure 9.4(e) and the type style requirements of Texas Rule of

Appellate Procedure 9.4(e) because this brief has been prepared in a proportionally

spaced typeface using Microsoft Word in 14-point Times New Roman font or larger.

                                                    ____/s/ David G. Meyer _________

                                         - 46 -
144163.06501/101687931v.1
APPENDIX TAB A
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-~t                                                                                                 CITATION                                                                                                                 ~~
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,
~              GULF COAST INTERNATIONAL LLC
                                                                                               .                                                                   Case: 00126822
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ~
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                                                                                                                                                                   Division: E                                                ~
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               VERSUS                                                                                                                                              State of Louisiana                                         '~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ~
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~              THE RESEARCH CORPORATION OF THE
                                                                                                                                                                   16th Judicial District Court
                                                                                                                                                                   Parish of Iberia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ,~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ~

~              UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII                                                                                                                                                                                           ~
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~                                                                                                                                                                                                                             '-
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~              To:    THE RESEARCH CORPORATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII                                                                                                                                                    '~
~                     **VIA LOUISIANA LONG ARM STATUTE**                                                                                                                                                                      ~
~                     C/O MR. ROBERT E. HUNT, MARINE SUPERINTENDENT                                                                                                                                                           i
 ~                    2800 WOODLAWN DRIVE, SUITE 200                                                                                                                                                                           '
',,                   HONOLULU, HONOLULU COUNTY, HAWAII 96822                                                                                                                                                                  ~
,;                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ,~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ~

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  ~                                                                                                                                                                                     of                 Parish              '
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ~

 .;                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ''
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               You are hereby summoned to comply with the demand contained in the PETITION of which a
               true and correct copy (exclusive of exhibits) accompanies this citation, or make an
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               '~~
 '~            appearance, either by filing a pleading or otherwise, the 16th Judicial District Court in and                                                                                                                   '~
 i             for the Parish of Iberia, State of Louisiana, within thirty (30) days after the service hereof,                                                                                                                 !
    -.         under penalty of default.                                                                                                                                                                                        ,,
    ,,                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ~
 !             ~ ESS MY HAND AND OFFICIAL SEAL OF OFFICE AT NEW IBERIA, LOUISIANA, THIS                                                                                                                                        !
    ~
    ~
                      DAY OF AUGUST, 2015.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                I~
    '                                                                                                                                                                                                                           '
 '  ~

    ~
    ~
    ~
                                                                                                                                          Michael Thibodeaux
                                                                                                                                              Clerk of Court
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ~

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ~~~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ~
    ~                                                                                                                                  16th Judicial District Court                                                               ~
    I                                                                                                                                        Parish of Iberia                                                                     :
    '~
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                                                                                                                                                            .
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    --~~                                                                                                                                ~eputy Clerk of Court                                                                     '-~
    ~                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ~
    ~                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ~
    ~          Requested by:                                                                                                                                                                                                        ~
      ~        JULIUS W. GRUBBS, JR.                                                                                                                                                                                                ~

    !
    ,,         P. 0. BOX 11040
               NEW IBERIA, LA 70562
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1 I·
I GULli' COAST INTERNATIONAL, L.L':C.              16th JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT

      VERSUS NO.     l)-.ved.J - t;                PARISH OF IBERIA

      THE RESEARCH CORPORATION
                                                                                       ,...._,
      OF ~lrHE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAll                 STATE OF   LOUISI~~                ,__.
                                                                                       -=-~
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                              PETITION ON OPEN ACCOUNT                  c;:>
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                                                                        1-:-1 ;.;     ::;        :::0
            NOW INTO COURT comes Gulf Coast International,:::L-:L.C;, 3 (G~ a
                          '                               '!> (") r- • c)
                                                                       r- r.          c:::-      :-""J
      Louisiana Limited Liability Company domiciled m Iberia PaFish, Louisiana,
                                                                                =-i   _.z:

      which respectfully represents:

                                              1.
, I
            Made defendant herein is The Research Corporation of the University of

      Hawaii, (RCUH) a Hawaii Corporation domiciled in Honolulu County, Honolulu,

      Hawaii and doing business with petitioner in New Iberia, Iberia Parish,

      Louisiana.

                                              2.

            The defendant is justly, truly and legally indebted unto petitioner in the

      full a nd true sum of at least Five Hundred Seventy-One Thousand Two Hundred

      Seventeen Dollars and 36/ 100 ($571,217.36), together with legal interest

      thereon from date of judicial demand, until paid, for a reasonable amount of

      attorney's fees, and all costs of court, for the following reasons:

                                              3.

            Petitioner provided parts, goods, equipment, and labor, on open account

      and/or under terms of a contract with the Research Corporation of the

      University of Hawaii in 2013 and 2014.

                                              4.

             From the period of June 20, 2013 through and including October 9,

      2 014, GCI provided on open account and/or under the terms of the contract

      la bor, mileage, and materials totaling at least the sum of Five Hundred Seventy-

      One Thousand Two Hundred Seventeen Dollars and 36/ 100 ($571,217.36) for j
           . 1                                                                      I
      matena s, goods, equipment, and labor services provided to the defendant from j

      ,J une 20, 2013 to October 9, 2014, being Invoice Nos. 29488, 29489, 29490, j

                                                                                                           I
                                                                                                           I
                                                                                                           I
                                                                                                           !
     300(~2, 30068, 30069, 30098, 30099, 30100, and 30108, a true and correct
                                             .
     record of which is attached hereto collectively as Exhibit" 1" and made a part

: hereof.                         '
i1                                      5.
I:         Despite amicable demand, sent to Michael J. Nakano, Esq., of the law
'
     firm Frame & Nakano, the attorneys and counsel for RCUH, via email on June

     30, 2014, a copy of said demand letter, transmittal email, and original petition

     attachment attached hereto collectively as Exhibit "2", there remains

     outstanding the total amount herein sued for.

                                                 6.

            At all times pertinent, RCUH did business with GCI, on open account in

     Iberia Parish, Louisiana where portions of the work and services were

     performed under the terms of an open account agreement and thus,

     jurisdiction and venue is proper under the LA. CCP Art.74.4.

            WHEREFORE, petitioner Gulf Coast International, L.L.C. prays that the

      defendant The Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii be served with

      a copy of this Petition, duly cited and that after due proceedings had, there be

      judgment herein and in favor of Gulf Coast International, L.L.C., and against

      the defendant, The Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii, in the full

      and true sum of at least Five Hundred Seventy-One Thousand Two Hundred

      Seventeen Dollars and 36/ 100 ($571,217.36), together with legal interest

      thereon from date of judicial demand,       unt-i~aid,                 and a reasonable amount of
                                                    (   '·,
                                                 .     '
      attorney's fees, and all costs of these proteediri'gs.I\
                                                                    \
                                                                        ,.. i
                                                                         I
                                                                                     . ----1
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