Court Opinion

ID: 1076668
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:19:54.427791+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:18:57.970570
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                              AT NASHVILLE
                                     April 15, 1999 Session

          BILLY RHODES STEAGALL v. NANCY ROSE STEAGALL

                     Appeal from the Chancery Court for Marshall County
                               No. 7194  F. Lee Russell, Judge

                      No. M1998-00948-COA-R3-CV - Filed July 27, 2001

This appeal involves a post-divorce dispute regarding the custody of a 15-year-old boy. In August
1997, the boy’s father petitioned the Chancery Court for Marshall County to change the minor’s
custody because of his concern that the mother’s attempt to home school the boy had undermined
his education and development of social skills. The mother opposed the petition and requested an
increase in child support. During the June 1998 trial, the father presented evidence raising serious
questions about the progress of the child’s education and development of social skills, as well as
other aspects of the mother’s approach to parenting. The mother presented no evidence of her own.
Instead, after the close of the father’s proof, she asserted that the trial court could remediate the
acknowledged deficiencies without changing custody. Thereafter, the parties and the court discussed
at length the provisions of a proposed remedial order, and the hearing was adjourned when the
parties and the court believed they had agreed on the contents of the proposed order. Before the trial
court entered the proposed order, the wife took issue with a provision requiring her to enroll the child
in public school. The trial court informed the parties that it had understood that both parties had
agreed to send their child to public school and that it would resume the trial if its understanding was
incorrect. Rather than requesting the trial court to resume the hearing, the mother filed this appeal
claiming that the trial court had infringed on her constitutionally protected right to raise her child.
We have determined, in accordance with Tenn. R. App. P. 36(a), that the mother is not entitled to
appellate relief because she is, in part, responsible for the error and because she failed to pursue the
reasonably available steps that would have nullified the harmful effect of the error. Accordingly, we
affirm the judgment.

     Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed

WILLIAM C. KOCH , JR., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which WILLIAM B. CAIN and
PATRICIA J. COTTRELL , JJ., joined.

Gregory D. Smith, Clarksville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Nancy R. Steagall.

Barry B. White, Lewisburg, Tennessee, for the appellee, Billy Rhodes Steagall.
                                                        OPINION

       Nancy Rose Steagall and Billy Rhodes Steagall married in 1981. Their only child, a son, was
born in March 1986. The parties were divorced by the Chancery Court for Marshall County in
March 1988. In accordance with their marital dissolution agreement, Ms. Steagall received sole
custody of their son, and Mr. Steagall received non-specific visitation rights. Mr. Steagall was also
required to pay Ms. Steagall $70 per week in child support. Thereafter, Ms. Steagall and the parties’
son moved to Culleoka in Maury County. Mr. Steagall remained in Lewisburg and eventually
remarried. Ms. Steagall is employed as a paramedic by the Williamson Medical Center Emergency
Medical Service, and Mr. Steagall is employed as a paramedic by the Rutherford County Ambulance
Service.

        After the divorce, Ms. Steagall, as the custodial parent, made all the major decisions
regarding the child’s education, his exposure to his extended family, and the nature of his visitation
with Mr. Steagall. Even though she was elected to the Maury County Board of Education, Ms.
Steagall withdrew her son from public school after the third grade and began home schooling him.
Her decision was based, in large part, on her Christian beliefs and her apprehensions about the public
school curriculum. Ms. Steagall home schooled the parties’ son for the fourth, fifth, and sixth
grades. During these years, Mr. Steagall grew increasingly concerned about the boy’s attitude about
his studies and his social skills.

        Things came to a head in 1997. Mr. Steagall decided that Ms. Steagall’s style of parenting
and her heavy-handed attempts at gate-keeping between him and his son were adversely affecting
the child’s development. He was concerned about the adequacy of the boy’s education and the
development of his social skills. He was also concerned that Ms. Steagall had gone too far in trying
to shape the boy’s world view. Finally, he was concerned that his own differing views about
parenting were causing his efforts at visitation to become extremely contentious. In August 1997,
after the boy expressed a desire to live with him, Mr. Steagall petitioned the Chancery Court for
Marshall County to change custody. Ms. Steagall objected to changing custody and requested an
increase in child support.

        The trial court conducted a hearing in Jun 1998 on the issues of custody and child support.
Mr. Steagall, as the moving party, had the burden of proving that there had been a material change
in the child’s circumstances and that it would be in the child’s best interests to change custody. He
undertook to carry this burden by suggesting that the trial court interview the parties’ son in
chambers and by presenting his own testimony as well as that of Ms. Steagall. At the lawyers’
request, the trial court interviewed the parties’ son in chambers before hearing the other witnesses.
The lawyers were present during the interview, but the parents were not.1 Thereafter, Mr. Steagall’s

         1
           The record does not contain a transcript or summary of the trial court’s interview with the parties’ son.
However, the transcribed comments of the trial court and the lawyers at other stages o f the procee ding indicate that the
child told that trial court that he desired to live with Mr. Steagall, at least in part, to enable him to see the other members
of Mr. Steagall’s family more.

                                                             -2-
lawyer called Ms. Steagall as his first witness. Ms. Steagall’s testimony plainly did not help her
cause. Mr. Steagall’s lawyer was able to elicit testimony that made her appear extremely
overprotective2 and unable to accept that Mr. Steagall had remarried and was moving on with his
life.3

        Most significantly, Ms. Steagall admitted that her attempts at home schooling had not been
entirely successful. She conceded that she had refused to permit the parties’ son to take the
standardized achievement tests until after Mr. Steagall filed his petition to change custody. She
explained her decision by saying that school officials had declined to permit her to examine the test
in advance and because she believed that the test contained inappropriate personal questions about
the household.4 She also conceded that the parties’ son had recently taken a standardized test and
that this test had revealed that he was two years below grade level in science and that he was one
year below grade level in reading and language arts.5

        Mr. Steagall testified that he had initially agreed that Ms. Steagall could home school their
son, even though he had reservations about home schooling. He stated that he became increasingly
concerned as time went on about what the boy was studying and his attitude about his homework.
He estimated that at least thirty percent of the school work was religious6 and that he had observed
a “drop in . . . [his son’s] eagerness” to do his homework after Ms. Steagall withdrew the boy from
public school. He also testified that Ms. Steagall had made visitation “as complicated as it could be”
and recounted how Ms. Steagall had instructed him not to permit their son to accompany his new
wife to Roman Catholic services because Roman Catholics were not going to heaven because they
prayed to the Virgin Mary rather than to Jesus. Mr. Steagall expressed concern that the parties’ son
was picking up on some of the prejudicial feelings that his mother has towards different religions
and different kinds of people.7

         2
         Ms. Steagall admitted that she had ov erreacted when she thre atened to h ave Mr . Steagall arrested for kidnaping
when he took their son to Wal-Mart to purchase tennis shoes after obtaining permission from the boy’s grandmother.

         3
           Ms. Steagall admitted that she had told he r son that she an d Mr. S teagall were still married in the eyes of God
and that Mr. Steagall had sinned for marrying another woman. She also admitted that she had purchased a Bible for her
son to give his father as a Christmas present and that she had underlined in that Bible the passage quoting Jesus as saying
“Whoever shall put away his w ife, and marry a nother, com mitteth adultery against her.” Mark 10:11 (King James).
Finally, she testified that “at this present time I still really care deeply for this man [Mr. Steagall] and I care deeply for,
you know, w hat might hap pen with him.”

         4
          Ms. Steagall objected to questions such as: “How many boo ks are in your house?” and “How many times do
you read for your child?”

         5
             Ms. Steagall testified that the boy was “right at grade level” in ma thematics and social studies.

         6
             Ms. Stea gall also testified tha t “We’ve b een spend ing a lot of time in re ading his B ible.”

         7
          Mr. Steagall also te stified that he and his new wife had complied with Ms. Ste agall’s request and that the boy
attends a Baptist church with his cousin when he is staying with his father.

                                                                -3-
        Mr. Steagall also testified that Ms. Steagall had consistently refused to discuss his concerns
about home schooling. However, after he filed his petition to change custody, Ms. Steagall indicated
that she was considering enrolling their son in a small, unaccredited school operated by her church,
called Lighthouse Baptist Academy. 8 While on the witness stand, Ms. Steagall confirmed that she
had decided to send the parties’ son to Lighthouse Baptist Academy beginning with the next school
year. However, she could provide little information about the school’s curriculum or activities other
than to say that “they do the swimming and all the other sports.”

         The case took an unusual turn at the close of Mr. Steagall’s proof. Ms. Steagall moved to
dismiss Mr. Steagall’s petition to change custody. During the colloquy that followed, Ms. Steagall’s
lawyer conceded that the trial court’s concerns about home schooling were “legitimate” and that the
parties’ son was “underperforming pursuant the standardized test in home schooling.” He also
conceded that Ms. Steagall may have been “a little bit overprotective.” However, Ms. Steagall’s
lawyer insisted that the trial court could remedy these matters without changing custody. He invited
the trial court to enter a more specific visitation schedule, saying “that’s probably what should have
happened a long time ago.” He also stated that it would be “legitimate” for the trial court to order
Ms. Steagall to stop home schooling the parties’ son and to “put him in some sort of private school.”

       Rather than ruling directly on Ms. Steagall’s motion to dismiss, the trial court construed her
lawyer’s arguments as an invitation to address the education and visitation problems she had
acknowledged.9 Accordingly, the trial court told the parties “what I would do if this were all the
proof that I was going to hear today.” After stating that the home schooling had been “a failed
experiment” and expressing concerns about the child’s “isolation,” the trial court stated:

                           I think what I would want to do if I were deciding the case on
                   the evidence before me is not to change custody yet, but rather to split
                   the time during the summer equally between the parties and then go
                   back to an arrangement during the school year where she was
                   custodial, he had every other weekend and some additional time that
                   would need to be worked out. With the addition that I would want
                   him to act as custodial parent when he did have the child, because I
                   don’t think we need the kind of control that she thinks is appropriate
                   on issues like trips to New York. I don’t think he [Mr. Steagall]
                   needs to have to get her permission to do things like that when he has
                   the child.

         8
         Ms. Steagall testified that her pastor had told her that the school was unaccredited because “they teach them
more. Rather than just staying down here, they are way up here.” She added that “Stanford is not accredited, to my
understanding; Harvard’s not accredited, to my understanding.”

         9
           Based on the trial court’s statements, even a casual observer would have understood that the trial court did not
intend to dism iss Mr. Stea gall’s petition to ch ange custod y.

                                                           -4-
                           She has a lot of fears. Some of them in my mind are actually
                   grounded in the fact that she’s not past this marriage yet. She’s not
                   really over him yet. Some of that is her religious beliefs, which I can
                   respect – or I can respect that belief at any rate. But I think she is not
                   getting on with her life a bit, and there’s some fears there. There’s
                   control that she’s insisting on keeping that doesn’t reflect the reality
                   of dangers to the child.

        During the ensuing discussion, the parties and the trial court began negotiating the specific
terms of the visitation arrangements, Mr. Steagall’s modified child support obligations, which parent
could claim the child as a dependent for federal tax purposes, and the possibility of awarding Ms.
Steagall her attorney’s fees. During the discussion regarding visitation during the summer of 1998,
the following exchange between the trial court and Ms. Steagall’s lawyer occurred:

                   MR. WINGO: And then at the end of the summer, I guess when
                   school starts, he would – Your Honor would require him to go to
                   regular school?

                   THE COURT: Yes.

                   MR. WINGO: Okay.

                   THE COURT: We will have to define regular school.

On two occasions, the trial court declared a recess to enable the lawyers to consult with their clients
about the terms of their agreement and to enable the trial court to discuss the proposed summer
visitation arrangements with the parties’ child.

         At the conclusion of these discussions, the parties had agreed to a modified specific visitation
schedule and an increase in Mr. Steagall’s child support. Without asking the trial court to rule on
his motion to dismiss and without calling any of the witnesses who were present to testify on Ms.
Steagall’s behalf, Ms. Steagall’s lawyer simply asked the trial court if it was going to prepare the
order containing the parties’ agreements.10 Mr. Steagall’s lawyer volunteered to draw the order after
the trial court declined and assured Ms. Steagall’s lawyer that he would send him a draft.

      Mr. Steagall’s lawyer prepared an order reflecting his understanding of the parties’
agreements with the court. We surmise that he provided a copy of this order to Ms. Steagall’s lawyer

         10
           W e are left to speculate about the reason for this tactical decision. It could have been the lateness of the hour
because at that time it was ap proachin g 5:40 p.m ., or it could have been the b elief that the parties had settled all the ir
disputes. We ha ve conclud ed that the latter is more probable. Had Ms. Steagall’s lawyer intended to present additional
evidence, he would have inquired when the trial would re sume. His inq uiry regarding the prepar ation of the or der is
more consistent with a belief that the parties’ disputes had been resolved because an order would otherwise have been
unnecessa ry.

                                                             -5-
since the copy of the order presented to the trial court contained the signatures of both lawyers
indicating that the order was “approved for entry.” Reflecting the discussions during the June 12,
1998 hearing, the order (1) contained a well-defined visitation schedule, (2) provided that Mr.
Steagall would have all the rights of a custodial parent while his son was visiting him, (3) increased
Mr. Steagall’s child support from $70 per week to $116.19 per week, (4) provided that the parties
would alternate claiming their son as a tax deduction, and (5) ordered Ms. Steagall to refrain from
making “gratuitous criticisms” of Mr. Steagall in their son’s presence. In addition, the order directed
Ms. Steagall to enroll the parties’ son in “public school.”

        On July 8, 1998, apparently after he signed the proposed order, Ms. Steagall’s lawyer sent
a facsimile to the trial court apparently objecting to the portion of the order directing Ms. Steagall
to enroll the parties’ child in public school.11 On July 9, the trial court sent the following letter by
facsimile to the lawyers for both parties:

                             I am in receipt of John’s [Ms. Steagall’s lawyer’s] fax of July 8, 1998, at
                  4 :2 1 P. M .

                            At the end of the evidence in this case, I felt that Mrs. Steagall had made
                  some decisions ab out the rearing of . . . [the parties’ son] that raised serious doubts
                  about her fitness to raise the child in the absence o f active directio n by me. It was
                  my understanding of John’s closing statement that he and Mrs. Steagall were asking
                  that I modify any un acceptab le custodial d ecisions by M rs. Steagall in lieu of
                  changing custody ou tright to Mr. S teagall. I beli eve that if you will examine the
                  transcript of the clo sing statements, you will find that John made that “offer.” I
                  think you will also find that in a q uestion put to me by Joh n after I had b egun to
                  announce my opinion , he made re ference to a change to “public school” and I
                  responded in the affirmative. It is possible that this exchange was off the record,
                  but I do not believe that it was. I may have b een asked by Barry [M r. Steagall’s
                  lawyer] at some point what my ruling had been at an earlier point, but no part of my
                  decision was announced in John’s absence. I intended fo r the child to be in pub lic
                  school.
                            If I misunderstood John’s offer to allow me to make what are ordinarily
                  custodial decisions, and if Ms. Stegall [sic] is now insisting on her right to have the
                  child in a parochial school, then I think we need to resume the hearing. I want to
                  revisit the issue of custody if my choice is between an “unsupervised” custody by
                  Ms. Stegall [sic] and custody by Mr. Stegall [sic].

                          I have to say again that I am utterly amazed that an elected member of the
                  Maury County Board of Education refuses to have her son in the public schools of
                  Maury C ounty.

                            Please schedule the resumed hearing if we are going to need one.

         11
            Because this facsimile was not included in the record, we cannot know with certainty either the contents of
the facsimile or whether the facsimile was sent contempora neously to Mr. Steagall’s lawyer. W e presume that M s.
Steagall’s lawye r also sent the fac simile to M r. Steagall’s lawye r because to do otherwise would have amounted to an
inappro priate ex parte communication. Based on the trial court’s response, it is safe to conclude that the facsimile must
have dea lt with the public sc hool issue.

                                                           -6-
        The record does not reveal when or if Ms. Steagall’s lawyer ever responded to the trial
court’s July 9, 1998 letter. What is certain is that on July 10, 1998, the trial court entered the order
prepared by Mr. Steagall’s lawyer and signed by both counsel. It is also certain that Ms. Steagall
never attempted to schedule the “resumed hearing” mentioned in the trial court’s letter and never
filed a Tenn. R. Civ. P. 59 motion to alter or amend the judgment. Instead, Ms. Steagall replaced
her lawyer with another lawyer furnished to her without charge by The Rutherford Institute12 and
filed a notice of appeal.

                                                              I.

         At the outset, we express our concern about the effect that the informality of the proceedings
during and after the June 1998 trial had on the appellate record. Both the trial court and counsel for
the parties appear to have lost sight of the fact that Tennessee’s civil trial courts are “courts of
record”13 whose proceedings are governed by the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure. Accordingly,
all motions or other applications to the trial court for an order, unless made during the course of a
trial, should be in writing and filed with the court. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 7.02(1). Similarly, all of a trial
court’s orders and judgments, excluding rulings made during the course of trial, should be reduced
to writing and entered on the minutes. Allen v. McWilliams, 715 S.W.2d 28, 29 (Tenn. 1986).

          As far as this record shows, the July 8, 1998 facsimile sent by Ms. Steagall’s lawyer to the
trial court was not presented in the form of a motion and was never formally filed with the trial court.
We know nothing of its substance, and we know of its existence only because the trial court referred
to it in its July 9, 1998 facsimile to the lawyers. While the reliance on facsimile technology is now
widespread in the legal profession, its application in judicial proceedings is limited.14 To conform
to the plain requirements of Tenn. R. Civ. P. 7.02(1), Ms. Steagall’s lawyer should have
communicated his client’s disagreement with the proposed order prepared by Mr. Steagall’s lawyer
using a written motion duly filed with the trial court and entered on the permanent records of the
court.

         12
            According to the notice of appearance and brief filed by Ms. Steagall’s new lawyer, The Rutherford Institute
is “nonprofit religious based civil liberties organization that defends the rights of persons of all religious faiths throughout
the United States on a pro bono basis.. . . Protec ting the religious rig hts for all Americans in the face of direct attack on
those rights is the interest of TRI.”

         13
          Page v. Turcott , 179 Tenn. 491, 503, 167 S.W.2d 350, 354 (1943) (circuit courts); Massen gill v. Masse ngill,
36 Tenn. App. 385, 39 0, 255 S.W.2d 10 18, 1020 (1953) (chancery courts).

         14
           Lawyers may file motions and other docum ents by facsimile o nly in the Sixteenth Judicial D istrict. In re
Petition For Facsim ile Filings in the Trial Courts of R utherford County (Tenn. Dec. 20, 199 0). In other circumstances,
the Tennessee Supreme Court has declined to appro ve the transm ission and filing o f docume nts by facsimile. Love v.
College Level Assessment Servs., Inc., 928 S.W .2d 36, 3 8-39 (T enn. 199 6).

                                                              -7-
         This case is also another example of the problems that can occur when a trial court chooses
to communicate its decisions to the parties using some means other than an order entered on its
minutes. Like the July 8, 1998 facsimile from Ms. Steagall’s lawyer, the trial court’s July 9, 1998
facsimile to the parties was apparently never entered on the trial court’s minutes. Accordingly, the
trial court’s decision – which is of pivotal importance in the case – would have been missing had Ms.
Steagall’s appellate lawyer not requested that his client’s copy be included in the record. The trial
court should have responded to Ms. Steagall’s lawyer’s July 8, 1999 facsimile with a written order
that could have been entered on the minutes of the court.

        Notwithstanding these shortcomings, we have pieced together the events that most likely
occurred in the trial court. If we are mistaken in any particular, our error is due, not to a lack of
effort to read the tea leaves we have been provided, but rather to the lack of an adequate appellate
record. We are, at least, confident that the record, such as it is, provides an adequate factual basis
for our disposition of this appeal.

                                                   II.

        The outcome-determinative issue in this case does not involve Ms. Steagall’s decision to
home school the parties’ son. It is axiomatic that following a divorce, the parent granted sole
custody of a child has the prerogative to make the major decisions regarding the child’s upbringing,
subject of course to the court’s oversight. Neely v. Neely, 737 S.W.2d 539, 542 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1987). Thus, in the absence of some limitation imposed by the courts, the custodial parent has the
sole power to determine the course of a child’s education. Hoefler v. Hoefler, No. M1998-00966-
COA-R3-CV, 2001 WL 327897, at *5 (Tenn. Ct. App. Apr. 5, 2001) (No Tenn. R. App. P. 11
application filed). The courts should interfere as little as possible with post-divorce family decisions,
Adelsperger v. Adelsperger, 970 S.W.2d 482, 484 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997). Accordingly, the courts
should decline to second-guess a custodial parent’s decisions regarding his or her child’s education
unless these decisions are contrary to state law or harmful to the child. Rust v. Rust, 864 S.W.2d 52,
56 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1993).

         Home schooling is an educational alternative that is entirely consistent with state law. Rust
v. Rust, 864 S.W.2d at 56. Thus, Ms. Steagall’s decision to home school the parties’s son, in and
of itself, is not subject to judicial review. However, the question does not end there. The courts
may, and in fact must, intervene when they are presented with competent evidence that the home
schooling in a particular case is harming the child. Evidence that a child is being adversely affected
by home schooling provides the trigger required by Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-101(a)(1) (Supp. 2000)
because it substantiates the existence of a change in the child’s circumstances that is adversely
affecting the child in a material way. See Hoalcraft v. Smithson, No. M2000-01347-COA-R10-CV,
2001 WL 775602, at *17 (Tenn. Ct. App. July 10, 2000) (No Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed);
Gorski v. Ragains, No. 01A01-9710-GS-00597, 1999 WL 511451, at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. July 21,
1999) (No Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed) (requirements for changing custody).

                                                  -8-
        The trial court found that Ms. Steagall’s efforts at home schooling were a “failed
experiment.” The record contains ample evidence to support this conclusion, and even Ms. Steagall
conceded that home schooling had harmed the parties’ son. Her lawyer admitted that the trial court’s
concerns about the child’s lack of achievement were “legitimate,” and Ms. Steagall herself stated that
she had decided to discontinue home schooling beginning in the 1998-1999 school year.
Accordingly, the propriety of home schooling as opposed to other educational experiences is not
before the court in this case.

        Similarly, the outcome of this case does not hinge on whether the July 19, 1998 order was
an agreed order. To be sure, parties ordinarily may not challenge orders they have agreed to and
acknowledged in open court. Harbour v. Brown, 732 S.W.2d 598, 600 (Tenn. 1987); REM Enters.,
Ltd. v. Frye, 937 S.W.2d 920, 922 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996). However, even if a party has initially
agreed to an order, it is free to withdraw its agreement any time before it is formally accepted by the
trial court in open court or signed and entered as the judgment of the court. Thus, in the words of
the Tennessee Supreme Court, “a valid consent judgment cannot be entered by a court when one
party withdraws his [or her] consent and this fact is communicated to the court prior to the entry of
the judgment.” Harbour v. Brown, 732 S.W.2d at 599.

         Viewed in its most charitable light, Ms. Steagall and the trial court had different
understandings about the significance of the trial court’s insistence that the parties’ son could be
required to attend “regular” school. In using this phrase, the trial court evidently meant “public
school.” However, Ms. Steagall evidently understood the phrase to mean any school other than
home schooling. This misunderstanding came to a head when Ms. Steagall’s lawyer sent a facsimile
to the trial court on July 8, 1998, apparently objecting to the provision in the proposed order
requiring her to enroll the parties’ child in public school. Based on the record before us, there is no
question that Ms. Steagall never specifically agreed in open court to send the parties’ child to public
school and that her lawyer communicated the withdrawal of her consent to the proposed order before
the trial court entered it on July 10, 1998. Accordingly, the trial court should not have entered the
proposed order on July 10, 1998 containing the provision directing Ms. Steagall to enroll the child
in public school unless it received an additional communication from Ms. Steagall after its July 9,
1998 facsimile stating that she had withdrawn her objection to the proposed order.15

                                                          III.

          The outcome-determinative issue in this case involves whether Ms. Steagall is entitled to
seek appellate relief from the trial court’s July 10, 1998 order. Even when a trial court commits plain
error, the aggrieved party will not be entitled to relief on appeal if it was responsible for the error or
if it “failed to take whatever action was reasonably available to prevent or nullify the harmful effect
of . . . [the] error.” Tenn. R. App. P. 36(a). Based on this record, Ms. Steagall could have easily
nullified the harmful effect of the trial court’s July 10, 1998 order but deliberately chose not to.

         15
            There is no direct or indirect indica tion in this record that Ms. Steagall ever withdrew her objection to the
portion o f order eve ntually filed on Ju ly 10, 199 8, directing he r to enroll the p arties’ child in pu blic schoo l.

                                                           -9-
         Unless Ms. Steagall withdrew her objection to the proposed order, the trial court should not
have entered the order requiring that Ms. Steagall enroll the parties’ child in public school.
However, on July 9, 1998, the trial court informed Ms. Steagall’s lawyer that it would “resume the
hearing” if its understanding of the parties’ agreement during the June 1998 hearing was incorrect.
In fact, the trial court invited Ms. Steagall’s lawyer to “reschedule the resumed hearing if we are
going to need one.” Based on this unequivocal offer, it is clear that the trial court would have
resumed the trial had Ms. Steagall so requested prior to July 10, 1998, and that the trial court also
would have vacated its July 10, 1998 order and resumed the trial had Ms. Steagall filed a timely
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 59.04 motion to alter or amend. Ms. Steagall chose not to pursue either remedy.

        This court has held that a party who declined four offers for a mistrial could not obtain
appellate relief from the error that would have entitled her to a mistrial. Harwell v. Walton, 820
S.W.2d 116, 120 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1991). While Harwell v. Walton is couched in terms of “waiver,”
Ms. Harwell in reality forfeited her right to appellate relief by failing to pursue the relief readily
available to her – the mistrial – that would have nullified the harmful effect of the error in the trial
court. Like the trial court’s offers of a mistrial in Harwell v. Walton, the trial court in this case
offered to resume the trial to enable Ms. Steagall to present whatever evidence she could muster to
support her decision to send the parties’ child to Lighthouse Baptist Academy. Ms. Steagall, for
reasons of her own, decided not to accept the trial court’s offer. Had she done so, this appeal would
have been entirely unnecessary.16 Accordingly, in accordance with Tenn. R. App. P. 36(a), we have
concluded that this appeal must be dismissed.

                                                           IV.

        We dismiss this appeal and affirm the judgment of the trial court. We remand the case to the
trial court for whatever further proceedings may be required consistent with this opinion. We also
tax the costs of this appeal to Nancy Rose Steagall and her surety for which execution, if necessary,
may issue.

                                                        _______________________________________
                                                        WILLIAM C. KOCH, JR., JUDGE

         16
            W e are not saying that there would have not have been an appeal follo wing the resum ed trial. Had the trial
court dismissed Mr. Steagall’s petition to change custody, Mr. Steagall may very well have appealed. On the other hand,
had the trial court decided to award Mr. Steagall custody of the parties’ child, Ms. Steagall could, and probably would,
have appealed . Howeve r, in that circumsta nce, the issues w ould have involved w hether the trial co urt had an ad equate
basis to chan ge custody.

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