Court Opinion

ID: 4112774
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-01-03 15:09:58.58121+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:28:49.201473
License: Public Domain

Nebraska Supreme Court Online Library
www.nebraska.gov/apps-courts-epub/
01/03/2017 09:09 AM CST

                                                        - 425 -
                                Nebraska Court of A ppeals A dvance Sheets
                                     24 Nebraska A ppellate R eports
                                                 PATERA v. PATERA
                                               Cite as 24 Neb. Ct. App. 425

                            David Patera, appellant and cross-appellee, v.
                             Jaime Patera, appellee and cross-appellant.
                                                   ___ N.W.2d ___

                                        Filed January 3, 2017.    No. A-16-338.

                1.	 Contempt: Appeal and Error. In a civil contempt proceeding where a
                    party seeks remedial relief for an alleged violation of a court order, an
                    appellate court employs a three-part standard of review in which the trial
                    court’s (1) resolution of issues of law is reviewed de novo, (2) factual
                    findings are reviewed for clear error, and (3) determinations of whether
                    a party is in contempt and of the sanction to be imposed are reviewed
                    for abuse of discretion.
                2.	 Attorney Fees: Appeal and Error. When an attorney fee is authorized,
                    the amount of the fee is addressed to the trial court’s discretion, and its
                    ruling will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion.
                3.	 Contempt. Civil contempt proceedings are instituted to preserve and
                    enforce the rights of private parties to a suit when a party fails to com-
                    ply with a court order made for the benefit of the opposing party.
                4.	 Contempt: Words and Phrases. Willful disobedience is an essential
                    element of contempt; “willful” means the violation was committed
                    intentionally, with knowledge that the act violated the court order.
                5.	 Contempt: Proof: Presumptions. Outside of statutory procedures
                    imposing a different standard or an evidentiary presumption, the com-
                    plainant in a civil contempt proceeding must prove all elements of con-
                    tempt by clear and convincing evidence.
                6.	 Contempt: Appeal and Error. An appellate court’s review of a district
                    court’s finding of contempt is only for an abuse of discretion, not to
                    determine whether the appellate court would have reached the same
                    conclusion based on the facts presented.
                7.	 Contempt: Costs: Attorney Fees. Costs, including reasonable attorney
                    fees, can be awarded in a contempt proceeding.

                  Appeal from the District Court for Lancaster County:
               A ndrew R. Jacobsen, Judge. Affirmed.
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         Nebraska Court of A ppeals A dvance Sheets
              24 Nebraska A ppellate R eports
                        PATERA v. PATERA
                      Cite as 24 Neb. Ct. App. 425

  Amie C. Martinez, of Anderson, Creager & Wittstruck, P.C.,
L.L.O., for appellant.
   Steven J. Flodman, of Johnson, Flodman, Guenzel & Widger,
for appellee.
  Inbody and Pirtle, Judges, and McCormack, Retired
Justice.
   McCormack, Retired Justice.
                      I. INTRODUCTION
   David Patera appeals from the order of the district court
holding Jaime Patera in contempt for failing to follow the
court-ordered parenting plan and allowing Jaime to purge the
contempt by permitting David to spend an additional 7 days
of parenting time with the couple’s daughter, Karissa Patera.
David argues that the purge order should have required Jaime
to let David spend time with both of the parties’ children, not
just Karissa, and that the district court should have awarded
David additional parenting time. David also argues that the
district court erred in failing to order Jaime to pay the full
amount of his attorney fees.
   Jaime cross-appeals, arguing that the district court erred in
finding her in contempt, because David gave her permission to
deviate from the parenting plan.
   Upon our review, we find no merit to either David’s or
Jaime’s arguments, and we affirm the order of the district
court.
                     II. BACKGROUND
   David and Jaime are the divorced parents of Karissa and
Joseph Patera. Jaime has primary physical custody of the chil-
dren, subject to David’s parenting time. David is scheduled
for parenting time with Karissa and Joseph from Thursday
through Tuesday every other weekend. In the summer, David
gets an additional 2 weeks with the children. The present
dispute revolves around parenting time David missed with
Karissa in July 2015.
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          Nebraska Court of A ppeals A dvance Sheets
               24 Nebraska A ppellate R eports
                         PATERA v. PATERA
                       Cite as 24 Neb. Ct. App. 425

   In July 2015, Karissa attended a softball tournament and a
church camp, both of which were out of state. Jaime did not
dispute that Karissa’s attendance at these activities infringed
upon David’s court-ordered parenting time. Following his
missed parenting time due to Karissa’s tournament and camp,
David filed an application for order to show cause why Jaime
should not be held in contempt for failing to comply with the
parenting plan. The court held a trial in the matter, at which
both David and Jaime testified. At the end of the trial, David
sought parenting time with both Karissa and Joseph for 9 days
he claimed to have missed. He also asked to be awarded addi-
tional days of parenting time and attorney fees.
   The district court found that Jaime had willfully violated
the court-ordered parenting plan and held her in contempt.
The court sentenced Jaime to 7 days’ incarceration. It further
ordered that Jaime could purge the contempt by allowing
David 1 week of uninterrupted parenting time with Karissa.
Lastly, the court ordered Jaime to pay $250 of David’s attor-
ney fees.
   David filed a motion for new trial, arguing that the court’s
order was insufficient. David argued that he should have been
awarded at least 9 days of parenting time with both Karissa
and Joseph for time he missed “with his family together as a
whole.” David also argued that he should be entitled to addi-
tional parenting time beyond the time he missed and that Jaime
should be required to pay more of his attorney fees. The dis-
trict court overruled David’s motion for new trial.
   David appeals and Jaime cross-appeals from the district
court’s order finding Jaime in contempt and setting forth the
terms by which Jaime could purge the contempt. Additional
facts will be discussed, as necessary, in the analysis sec-
tion below.
              III. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
   David argues, restated, that the trial court erred in institut-
ing a purge order that allowed David parenting time with just
Karissa, not Joseph, and in not awarding David additional
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         Nebraska Court of A ppeals A dvance Sheets
              24 Nebraska A ppellate R eports
                        PATERA v. PATERA
                      Cite as 24 Neb. Ct. App. 425

parenting time. David also argues that the district court erred
in ordering Jaime to pay only $250 of David’s attorney fees,
rather than the full amount he requested.
   On cross-appeal, Jaime argues that the district court erred in
finding her in contempt, because she relied on David’s consent
in deviating from the parenting plan.

                 IV. STANDARD OF REVIEW
   [1] In a civil contempt proceeding where a party seeks
remedial relief for an alleged violation of a court order,
an appellate court employs a three-part standard of review
in which the trial court’s (1) resolution of issues of law is
reviewed de novo, (2) factual findings are reviewed for clear
error, and (3) determinations of whether a party is in contempt
and of the sanction to be imposed are reviewed for abuse
of discretion. Sickler v. Sickler, 293 Neb. 521, 878 N.W.2d
549 (2016).
   [2] When an attorney fee is authorized, the amount of the
fee is addressed to the trial court’s discretion, and its ruling
will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion.
Gonzalez v. Union Pacific RR. Co., 282 Neb. 47, 803 N.W.2d
424 (2011).

                         V. ANALYSIS
   We will first address Jaime’s argument on cross-appeal that
the district court erred in finding her in contempt. If Jaime’s
argument is meritorious, we need not reach David’s arguments
regarding the purge order.

                       1. Cross-A ppeal:
                    Finding of Contempt
   Jaime argues that the district court erred in finding her in
contempt. Jaime asserts that she deviated from the parent-
ing plan because David had consented to Karissa’s attend-
ing the softball tournament and church camp during his
parenting time. Jaime therefore argues that her violation of
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         Nebraska Court of A ppeals A dvance Sheets
              24 Nebraska A ppellate R eports
                        PATERA v. PATERA
                      Cite as 24 Neb. Ct. App. 425

the ­parenting plan was not willful. We find no merit to this
assignment of error.
   [3-5] Civil contempt proceedings are instituted to preserve
and enforce the rights of private parties to a suit when a
party fails to comply with a court order made for the benefit
of the opposing party. Sickler, supra. Willful disobedience is
an essential element of contempt; “willful” means the viola-
tion was committed intentionally, with knowledge that the act
violated the court order. Id. Outside of statutory procedures
imposing a different standard or an evidentiary presumption,
the complainant must prove all elements of contempt by clear
and convincing evidence. Id.
   The evidence presented at the contempt hearing showed
that David and Jaime had discussed Karissa’s attendance at a
softball tournament in Oklahoma during the latter part of July
2015. The parties agreed that the tournament in question was
during David’s parenting time. In particular, in April 2015,
David wrote, “I am ok with you having them that weekend [of
the tournament] if you will trade it for another weekend.”
   The parties continued to discuss Karissa’s attendance at the
tournament into mid-July 2015, but did not reach an agreement
regarding when David would be compensated for his missed
parenting time. On July 14, David e-mailed Jaime and asked
for additional details regarding when Karissa was leaving for
the Oklahoma softball tournament and when she would return.
David also wrote that he was aware Karissa would be attending
a church camp in Illinois during another period of his parenting
time. David asked Jaime to contact him so they could “make
a plan to cover this week [of the softball tournament] and to
cover the week for Karissa’s church camp.”
   On July 18, 2015, David e-mailed Jaime again regarding
Karissa. David wrote that he had learned from a telephone
conversation with Karissa that she was no longer attending the
Oklahoma softball tournament, but was planning to attend a
different tournament in Minnesota during the same period of
time. David proposed a trade of days to compensate for his
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         Nebraska Court of A ppeals A dvance Sheets
              24 Nebraska A ppellate R eports
                        PATERA v. PATERA
                      Cite as 24 Neb. Ct. App. 425

missed parenting time with Karissa during her attendance at
the new softball tournament and the church camp. Later that
day, David e-mailed Jaime again and stated, “If you will not
trade the days for Karissa’s softball tournament then she is
not going.”
   On July 20, 2015, Jaime e-mailed David and offered
to let him have Karissa and Joseph for 2 days, or to take
them to dinner one night. It appears that this exchange did
not occur, and Karissa attended the softball tournament and
church camp.
   On July 30, 2015, David e-mailed Jaime and requested
additional parenting time with Karissa and Joseph for the time
he claimed to have missed. David attached a timeline which
indicated that he believed he lost 4 days of parenting time
with Karissa due to the softball tournament and 3 days with
Karissa due to the church camp. David also indicated he had
missed 2 days with Karissa due to a ski trip, but no additional
evidence of a ski trip was presented.
   Jaime argues that the series of e-mail exchanges show that
David consented to Karissa’s attending the softball tournament
and church camp. Jaime argues that the situation is analogous
to this court’s decision in Belitz v. Belitz, 21 Neb. Ct. App. 716,
842 N.W.2d 613 (2014).
   In Belitz, the district court declined to hold the mother in
contempt for failing to return her child to the father after
her summer parenting time. No specific date of return was
contained in the court order and the mother and father had
ongoing discussions regarding allowing the child to remain
with the mother. Id. The mother also filed a motion to modify
custody after failing to return the child and then complied with
the ex parte order requiring her to return the child. Id. We
affirmed the order of the district court declining to find the
mother in contempt. Id.
   Jaime points out that, just as in Belitz, she and David
had ongoing discussions regarding trading days in order to
allow Karissa to attend the softball tournament and church
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         Nebraska Court of A ppeals A dvance Sheets
              24 Nebraska A ppellate R eports
                        PATERA v. PATERA
                      Cite as 24 Neb. Ct. App. 425

camp. However, Jaime’s argument ignores important differ-
ences between Belitz and the present case. In Belitz, the dis-
trict court declined to hold the mother in contempt based on
the lack of a concrete return date, ongoing discussions about
the child remaining with the mother, and the mother filing
to modify custody and complying with the ex parte order to
return the child. In contrast, here, the district court did find
Jaime in contempt, a decision which we are reviewing only
for an abuse of discretion. Although there were ongoing dis-
cussions regarding a trade of days between David and Jaime
so Karissa could attend the tournament and camp, no agree-
ment was ever reached. Furthermore, Jaime was aware that
David was missing his scheduled parenting time and that he
requested a trade of days in order for Karissa to attend the
events in question.
   [6] As stated above, our review is only to determine whether
the district court’s finding of contempt was an abuse of discre-
tion, not whether we would have reached the same conclusion
based on the facts presented. See Sickler v. Sickler, 293 Neb.
521, 878 N.W.2d 549 (2016). The evidence supports the district
court’s determination that Jaime’s denial of David’s parenting
time was, in fact, willful. Despite the fact that Belitz, supra,
also involved ongoing discussions between the parents about
changing the parenting time schedule, that case is distinguish-
able on both its facts and its procedural posture. Given the
e-mail communications and Jaime’s awareness that David did
not intend to relinquish his scheduled parenting time without
arranging to trade days, we cannot conclude that the district
court’s finding of contempt was an abuse of discretion. Jaime’s
cross-appeal is without merit.

                       2. David’s A ppeal
   Given our determination that the district court did not err in
finding Jaime to be in contempt, we turn now to David’s argu-
ments regarding the adequacy of the remedy imposed and the
amount of attorney fees he was awarded.
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         Nebraska Court of A ppeals A dvance Sheets
              24 Nebraska A ppellate R eports
                        PATERA v. PATERA
                      Cite as 24 Neb. Ct. App. 425

                        (a) Purge Order
   David argues that the district court erred in ordering David
to have parenting time with Karissa alone, rather than with
Karissa and Joseph together, and in not allowing David addi-
tional parenting time as part of the purge order. David does
not challenge the court’s factual finding that he was deprived
of 7 days of parenting time with Karissa. Rather, David argues
that when he was deprived of parenting time with Karissa,
he missed out on time with his family as a whole, including
Karissa’s spending time with Joseph and with David’s chil-
dren from his current marriage. David also argues that the
court should have awarded him more parenting time than he
actually missed with Karissa because such additional parent-
ing time would coerce Jaime into complying with the parent-
ing plan in the future. We find no merit to this assignment
of error.
   The district court determined, and David does not contest,
that David missed 7 total days of parenting time with Karissa
only. In fact, David’s own evidence, the timeline he e-mailed
to Jaime in late July 2015, supports the court’s determination
that David lost 7 days with Karissa due to her attendance at
the softball tournament and church camp. Given that the court
compensated David for the amount of parenting time he actu-
ally missed with Karissa, we cannot say that its decision not
to impose additional parenting time or to order parenting time
with Joseph was an abuse of discretion.

                      (b) Attorney Fees
   Lastly, David argues that the district court erred in order-
ing Jaime to pay only $250 of his attorney fees. David argues
that Jaime should be ordered to pay the full amount of his
requested attorney fees, $2,500. We find no merit to this
assignment of error.
   [7] Costs, including reasonable attorney fees, can be
awarded in a contempt proceeding. Smeal Fire Apparatus
Co. v. Kreikemeier, 279 Neb. 661, 782 N.W.2d 848 (2010),
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         Nebraska Court of A ppeals A dvance Sheets
              24 Nebraska A ppellate R eports
                        PATERA v. PATERA
                      Cite as 24 Neb. Ct. App. 425

disapproved on other grounds, Hossaini v. Vaelizadeh, 283
Neb. 369, 808 N.W.2d 867 (2012).
   At trial, David claimed he had missed 9 days of parenting
time with both Karissa and Joseph. The court ultimately deter-
mined that David had missed only 7 days of parenting time
with Karissa, not Joseph, and that David was not entitled to
additional parenting time, as discussed above. Given this find-
ing only partially in David’s favor, the court’s partial award of
attorney fees to David was reasonable.
                       VI. CONCLUSION
   The district court did not err in finding Jaime to be in con-
tempt of the court-ordered parenting plan. Furthermore, the
court did not err in ordering that Jaime could purge the con-
tempt by allowing David 7 days of parenting time with Karissa
or in ordering Jaime to pay $250 of David’s attorney fees.
                                                     A ffirmed.