Court Opinion

ID: 8641279
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-24 20:14:53.015833+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:56:06.559226
License: Public Domain

OPINION OF THE COURT
FLETCHER, Chief Judge:
Private Wallace’s breach of restriction prompted his unit commander to place him under “company arrest.” See Article 9(b), Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C. § 809(b). Explaining his action, Captain Harrigan testified that his purpose in placing the appellant under arrest was “because [he] felt like [Private Wallace] would not stay within the company area. And, [he] wanted him to be available at all times.” In addition to specifying restrictions on the appellant’s off-duty conduct, the written arrest order provided that Private Wallace would continue to perform his normal duties in his company area but would not be allowed to bear arms, perform any duties requiring the exercise of command, nor participate in any field training.
Appellant challenged the sufficiency of the evidence to support his subsequent conviction for breach of arrest by leaving the area specified in the arrest order contending that “his arrest status had been terminated due to his performance of duties inconsistent with” that status. See United States v. Vetter, 13 C.M.R. 517 (N.B.R. 1953); United States v. Taylor, 2 C.M.R. 438 (A.B.R. 1952), petition denied, 4 C.M.R. 173 (1952).
The Government urges that the commanding officer merely sought to upgrade the limitations upon appellant’s freedom as well as increasing the potential punitive sanctions while retaining him in a productive status without resort to pretrial confinement. In the Government’s view, the duties assigned Private Wallace did not operate to terminate his status of arrest since he was not required to perform “his full military duties.”1 See United States v. Taylor, 37 C.M.R. 547 (A.B.R. 1966).
In our view, both the Government and Captain Harrigan have erred in this instance in treating arrest as a more severe variety of restriction with increased penalties. Cf. United States v. Haynes, 15 U.S.C. M.A. 122, 35 C.M.R. 94 (1964). Restriction is a form of punishment for violation of the punitive articles of the Uniform Code. See *2Article 15, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 815; paragraph 126g, Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1969 (Rev.). In addition, restriction may be imposed to assure a servicemember’s continued presence pending investigation, paragraph 20b, MCM, or pending appeal, paragraphs 20 d (1) and 21d, MCM.
Arrest, on the other hand, is solely a vehicle of restraint to assure an accused’s presence to answer for criminal charges.2 Such is implicit within the Article 9(d), UCMJ, requirement that “[n]o person may be ordered into arrest or confinement except for probable cause.” In addition, Article 9(a), UCMJ, expressly prohibits the imposition of arrest “as a punishment for an offense.”3
Nothing in Captain Harrigan’s trial testimony nor in the Government’s argument on appeal suggests that Private Wallace was ordered into arrest to assure his presence to answer for the charge of breaking restriction or any other offense. Rather, as Government counsel and the commander have acknowledged, the arrest order was prompted by a desire to assure the appellant’s presence for duty. Such is not a legitimate basis for ordering an individual into arrest. Article 9, UCMJ.
Inasmuch as the arrest order was illegal, the appellant’s subsequent conviction for breaking arrest cannot be sustained. United States v. Dinkins, 1 C.M.R. 525 (N.B.R. 1951). Since Private Wallace already has served a period of confinement in excess of that authorized for breaking restriction, the interests of justice warrant dismissal of the charge. Thus, we need not address whether the evidence of record is sufficient to support a charge of breaking restriction.
The decision of the United States Army Court of Military Review is reversed. The charge is ordered dismissed.
Judge PERRY concurs.

. Captain Harrigan testified that an individual under company arrest “would go to his regular work station and to his normal work duties during the day, and then upon completion of that work day, sign in every hour with the CQ.”

. Paragraph 20a, Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1969 (Rev), states that arrest is restraint imposed “pending disposition of charges.”

. Cf. paragraph 131c (3), MCM.