Court Opinion

ID: 2867799
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-06 02:18:44.612166+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:05:57.923343
License: Public Domain

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-03-00673-CR

John Anthony Palmer, Appellant

v.

The State of Texas, Appellee

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BELL COUNTY, 264TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. 53780, HONORABLE MARTHA J. TRUDO, JUDGE PRESIDING

M E M O R A N D U M   O P I N I O N

A jury found appellant John Anthony Palmer guilty of aggravated sexual assault of
a child and the court assessed his punishment at forty years in prison.  See Tex. Pen. Code Ann.
§ 22.021 (West Supp. 2005).  In two points of error, appellant complains of charge error and of the
overruling of his motion to elect.  We find no reversible error and will affirm the conviction.
The indictment alleged that on or about May 12, 1996, appellant had vaginal
intercourse with the complainant, J. P., who was then nine years old.  The alleged date was the
second Sunday of May, or Mother's Day.  J. P., who was sixteen years old at the time of appellant's
2003 trial, testified that she distinctly remembered that day.  She was living in Killeen with
appellant, who was her stepfather, and her mother and siblings.  While her mother was out of the
house, appellant took J. P. to the bedroom, locked the door, and had intercourse with her.  J. P.'s
mother returned home while appellant and J. P. were still naked.  Appellant told J. P. to hide in the
closet, then went to the locked door and told J. P.'s mother that he and J. P. were wrapping her
Mother's Day present.  J. P.'s mother also testified that she recalled this incident, although she did
not know at the time what was really happening in the bedroom.
J. P. testified that appellant began sexually abusing her when she was four years old. 
He had oral, vaginal, and anal intercourse with her on a regular basis until the year 2000, when her
mother and appellant were divorced.  The family was living in Georgia when the abuse began.  They
subsequently moved to Washington and then, in 1995, to Killeen.
In his first point of error, appellant complains of the overruling of his motion for an
election by the State.  When the State offers evidence that the offense alleged in the indictment was
committed on multiple occasions, it must, on the defendant's timely motion, elect the act on which
it will rely for conviction.  Crawford v. State, 696 S.W.2d 903, 906-07 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985);
Gutierrez v. State, 8 S.W.3d 739, 748 (Tex. App.--Austin 1999, no pet.).  Although appellant was
entitled to an election in this cause, his motion was not timely because he did not request the election
until the charge conference after the close of evidence.  Gutierrez, 8 S.W.3d at 748.  At that point
in the trial, an election by the State would not have assisted appellant in the presentation of a defense. 
Id.  Point of error one is overruled.
In his second point of error, appellant contends the trial court erred by instructing the
jury that "the State is not bound by the date of May 12, 1996, alleged in the indictment, and the
defendant may be convicted if you believe beyond a reasonable doubt that he committed the offense
alleged within a period of years between February 15, 1991, and February 14, 2000, preceding the
filing of the indictment."  Appellant urges that this instruction denied him his right to a unanimous
jury verdict and permitted his conviction for acts committed outside the court's jurisdiction. 
Although appellant objected to the instruction, he did not make these arguments in the trial court. 
See Almanza v. State, 686 S.W.2d 157, 171 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985) (op. on reh'g).
When the indictment alleges that a crime was committed "on or about" a certain date,
the State may prove that the offense was committed at any time prior to the filing of the indictment
and within the limitations period.  Sledge v. State, 953 S.W.2d 253, 256 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). 
Insofar as the court's instruction applied this settled principle to the facts of this case, there was no
error.  Appellant's reliance on Francis v. State, 36 S.W.3d 121 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000), is misplaced. 
In that case, the indictment alleged a single offense, but the court's charge authorized the defendant's
conviction for either of two different offenses proved by the State.  Id. at 125.  In the cause now
before us, the court's charge required the jury to unanimously find beyond a reasonable doubt that
appellant penetrated J. P.'s sexual organ with his sexual organ as alleged in the indictment.  There
was no possibility of a non-unanimous guilty verdict.
Appellant also complains that the challenged instruction permitted the jury to consider
acts shown to have been committed before 1995 and thus outside of Bell County.  While this is true,
the application paragraph did require the jury to find that the offense occurred in Bell County. 
Considering the charge as a whole and the ample evidence of sexual assaults occurring in Bell
County, including an assault committed on the very day alleged in the indictment, the error of which
appellant complains was not egregiously harmful.  See Almanza, 686 S.W.2d at 171.  Point of error
two is overruled.
The judgment of conviction is affirmed.

				__________________________________________
				Mack Kidd, Justice
Before Justices Kidd, B. A. Smith and Pemberton
Affirmed
Filed:   October 7, 2004
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