Court Opinion

ID: 3164327
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-12-21 18:05:11.605898+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:17:19.448541
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

                     IN AND FOR NEW CASTLE COUNTY

AIRBASE CARPET MART, INC.,                 )
                                           )
            Plaintiff,                     )     C.A. No. N15C-03-104 VLM
                                           )
            v.                             )
                                           )
AYA ASSOCIATES, INC.,                      )
                                           )
            Defendant                      )

                         Submitted: November 2, 2015
                         Decided: December 15, 2015

                 Upon Consideration of Defendant’s Renewed
                              Motion to Dismiss
           Based on Superior Court Civil Rules 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(3).
                                GRANTED.

                                 OPINION

Shawn P. Tucker, Esquire, and Ryan T. Costa, Esquire, Drinker Biddle & Reath
LLP, Wilmington, DE, Attorneys for Plaintiff.

Curtis J. Crowther, Esquire, Young Conaway Stargatt & Taylor, LLP, Wilmington,
DE, Attorney for Defendant.

MEDINILLA, J.
                                                 Introduction

         Plaintiff, Airbase Carpet Mart, Inc. (“Plaintiff”) brings a claim against AYA

Associates, Inc. (“Defendant”) seeking damages for breach of contract and false

advertising related to an agreement between the parties. Now before the Court is

Defendant’s Renewed Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction and Improper

Venue pursuant to Superior Court Civil Rules 12(b)(1) and (3). For the reasons set

forth, the Motion to Dismiss is GRANTED.

                                       Factual and Procedural History

         The record before this Court is that on or about January 21, 2012, two

commercial entities entered into an agreement wherein Defendant agreed to design,

customize, and implement a point of sale system and software for Plaintiff. This

contractual relationship was memorialized through a two-page “Purchase Order

and Software License Agreement” (“Agreement”). Michael Longwill, President of

Plaintiff, signed the “License accepted” line on page one of their Agreement. 1

Page two of the Agreement is subtitled “Software License Agreement” and

includes contract language, including but not limited to, binding arbitration and

venue selection (“Jurisdiction Provision”). 2 Mr. Longwill did not sign the identical

1
  Page one sets out the specifics of the purchase order regarding price, terms of payment, number of licenses, and
other terms or inclusions related to, but not limited to, software support and training. See Def.’s Op. Br., Ex. A.
2
  Page 2 also sets out contract language including, but not limited to “Definitions,” “Licensee Rights,” “Copyright
and Title,” “Proprietary Information,” “Operating System and Preparatory Procedures,” “Limited Warranty,”

                                                          2
“License accepted” line on this page of the Agreement. This dispositive motion

focuses on the enforceability of the Jurisdiction Provision that reads:

                  The parties agree to submit any disputes under this
                  agreement to BINDING Arbitration under a Court of
                  Competent Jurisdiction in the State of Florida, Orange
                  County, and to accept its decision as final.3

         On March 12, 2015, Plaintiff filed this action asserting claims for alleged

breach of contract and false advertising. As to the former, Plaintiff alleges that the

product was inadequate and did not conform to the specifications demonstrated in

their pre-agreement demonstrations.                       As to the latter, Plaintiff alleges that

Defendant’s fraudulent misrepresentations as a certified “Gold Microsoft” partner

constituted a violation of the Delaware Consumer Fraud Act (“CFA”). 4

         On May 18, 2015, Defendant filed a Motion to Dismiss for Lack of

Jurisdiction and Improper Venue under Superior Court Civil Rules 12(b)(1) and

(3).    Per the Court’s briefing schedule, Defendant filed its Opening Brief in

Support of its Motion on June 17. Instead of filing Plaintiff’s Answering Brief on

the due date of August 28, Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint removing any

request for equitable relief and adding a request for damages. By stipulation,

Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss was automatically renewed and deemed applicable

“Limitation of [Defendant’s] Liabilities,” “Term,” “General,” and the Jurisdiction Porvision at issue. See Def.’s Op.
Br., Ex. A.
3
   Id.
4
  See Amended Compl; 6 Del. C. §§2511-2527.

                                                          3
to the Amended Complaint, except as to any argument related to equitable relief.

Plaintiff filed its Answering Brief on September 28. On October 23, Defendant

filed its Reply Brief in Support of its Renewed Motion to Dismiss.           Having

reviewed the parties’ written submissions and after hearing oral arguments on

November 2, this is the Court’s decision.

                             Contentions of the Parties

      There is no dispute that the parties entered into an Agreement.

Unfortunately, their relationship was short-lived and Plaintiff seeks legal remedies

against Defendant for breach of contract and fraudulent advertising. Defendant

moves for dismissal for lack of jurisdiction and improper venue asserting that the

Jurisdiction Provision requires Plaintiff to submit its claims to binding arbitration

in Orange County, Florida.

      Plaintiff makes two arguments against dismissal. First, it argues that the

Jurisdiction Provision is not enforceable because page two was not signed.

Plaintiff contends that the Agreement required Plaintiff’s signature on both pages

and the lack of signature on page two demonstrates lack of assent or an expressed

intent not to be bound to the Jurisdiction Provision. In response, Defendant asserts

that there is no evidence that Plaintiff ever communicated its refusal to any terms

of the contract or that its failure to sign the second page was anything more than an

oversight.

                                            4
         Plaintiff further asserts that the Jurisdiction Provision is inapplicable to a

statutory claim arising from the CFA. 5 Specifically, Plaintiff argues that its claim

for fraud “relates” to the Agreement but does not fall within the Jurisdiction

Provision language that resolves “any disputes under this agreement”.6 Defendant

maintains that all of Plaintiff’s claims qualify as “any disputes” as specified by the

Jurisdiction Provision.

                                            Standard of Review

         Generally, the purpose of a motion to dismiss is to test the sufficiency of the

complaint, not to resolve disputed issues of material fact or decide the merits of the

case.7 Plaintiff’s written submissions and oral arguments ask this Court to apply a

“reasonable conceivability” standard of review. 8 Because Defendant has moved to

dismiss pursuant to Superior Court Civil Rules 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(3), this Court

will follow the applicable standards of review of dismissal for lack of jurisdiction

and improver venue accordingly. 9

         Superior Court Rule 12(b)(1) mandates this Court to dismiss an action for

5
  6 Del C. §2525(a).
6
  Pls.’ Ans. Br. at 7.
7
  Loveman v. Nusmile, Inc., 2009 WL 847655, at *2 (Del. Super. 2009).
8
  Pls.’ Ans. Br. at 4. (A motion to dismiss under Superior Court Civil Rule 12(b)(6) will not be granted if the
plaintiff may recover under any conceivable set of circumstances susceptible of proof under the complaint. Spence
v. Funk, 396 A.2d 967 (Del. 1978). Additionally, Rule 12(b)(6) requires the Court to accept as true all well pled
facts set forth in the complaint and draw all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor. In re Gardner Denver, Inc.
S’holder Litig., 2014 WL 715705, at *7 (Del. Ch. Feb. 21, 2014)).
9
  Plaintiff cites Cent. Mortg. Co. v. Morgan Stanley Mortg. Capital Holdings LLC, 27 A.3d 531 (Del. 2011);
Cambium, Ltd. v. Trilantic Capital Partners III L.P., 2012 WL 172844 (Del. 2012); and In re Gardner Denver, Inc.
S’holder Litig., 2014 WL 715705 (Del. Ch. 2014). These cases are inapplicable since they did not consider motions
to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction or improper venue, but rather involved motions to dismiss under a 12(b)(6)
standard of review.

                                                           5
lack of subject matter jurisdiction if it appears from the record that the Court does

not have jurisdiction over the claim. 10 Notably, “[t]he burden of establishing the

Court’s subject matter jurisdiction rests with the party seeking the Court’s

intervention.”11 To prevail on a motion to dismiss, a movant need only show that

the Court lacks jurisdiction.12

                                            Lack of Jurisdiction

         To determine if this Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, this Court must

first establish whether the Plaintiff’s claims are subject to the arbitration clause at

issue. “Accordingly, if the parties contracted to submit claims, such as those

asserted in the Complaint, to arbitration, this Court should dismiss the Complaint

for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.”13

         Here, the parties entered into an Agreement but Plaintiff argues that one

specific contract provision for jurisdiction and venue is not enforceable because the

page that contains this clause was not separately signed. However, when pressed

to provide authority for its position, Plaintiff conceded that it was asking this Court

to take a new approach as to the enforceability of the Jurisdiction Provision.

10
   Superior Court Civil Rule 12(b)(1).
11
   Ropp v. King, 2007 WL 2198771, at *2 (Del. Ch. July 25, 2007) (citing Scattered Corp. v. Chicago Stock Exch.,
671 A.2d 874, 877 (Del. Ch. 1994), aff’d, 633 A.2d 372 (1993)); see also Appriva Shareholder Litigation Co., LLC
v. EV3, Inc., 937 A.2d 1275 (Del. 2007) (stating that, “[u]nlike the standards employed in Rule 12(b)(6) analysis, the
guidelines for the Court’s review of [a] 12(b)(1) motion are far more demanding on the non-movant. The burden is
on the Plaintiffs to prove jurisdiction exists. Further, the Court need not accept Plaintiffs factual allegations as true
and is free to consider facts not alleged in the complaint.” (quoting Phillips v. County of Bucks, C.A. No. 98—6415,
1999 WL 600541, at *1 (E.D. Pa. Aug. 9, 1999)(citations omitted))).
12
   Superior Court Civil Rule 12(b)(1).
13
   Id.

                                                           6
Essentially, Plaintiff asks this Court to hold that every page of a document must be

signed in order to make the disputed term or provision enforceable. This Court

declines to do so.

        Instead, this Court is guided by Elia v. Hertrich Family of Auto. Dealership,

Inc., wherein the Supreme Court found that an arbitration clause found within the

contract was enforceable even where the contract itself was not signed. 14 There,

the Court held:

        [i]rrespective of whether the defendant actually signed that version of
        the contract, the complaint itself indicates that the parties proceeded
        under it, and a party who signs a contract may be bound by it even
        when the other party does not sign it, especially when both parties
        continue to enjoy the benefit of their bargain. 15

        Like Elia, the instant Complaint indicates that these parties proceeded under

the contract. Even more indicative of its intent to be bound under this Agreement

is that Plaintiff signed the only version. There is no evidence to suggest that other

versions exist. Additionally, both parties continued to perform and enjoy the

benefits of their bargain.              The record reflects that the parties also enjoyed a

consensual contractual relationship.                         Notably, arbitration must also be

consensual.16 Arbitration will be consensual if the contract is valid. The unsigned

page includes contract language that relates to warranties, licensee rights, damages,

14
   Elia v. Hertrich Family of Auto. Dealership, Inc., 103 A.3d 514 (Del. 2014)(emphasis added).
15
   Id.
16
   Id.

                                                         7
and whether the software is suitable for the licensee’s purposes; contract provisions

core to Plaintiff’s legal claims. Because Plaintiff seeks to enforce rights under the

contract, this Court finds that the Jurisdiction Provision is also enforceable.

        Delaware jurisprudence is deferential to arbitration clauses. 17 As the Court

of Chancery noted in NAMA Holdings:

        [b]ecause the strong public policy in favor of arbitration embodied in
        federal law is given equal respect in this State, 18 a motion to dismiss
        for lack of subject matter jurisdiction will be granted if the dispute is
        one that, on its face, falls within the arbitration clause of the
        contract.19

Here, the underlying claims, on their face, fall within the Jurisdiction Provision.

“If a claim is arbitrable, i.e., properly committed to arbitration, [the] Court lacks

subject matter jurisdiction because arbitration provides an adequate legal

remedy.” 20 Plaintiff does not allege nor argue that arbitration would provide an

inadequate remedy and the Amended Complaint seeks damages which can be

sought in a competent court in Orange County, Florida.

        On this record, Defendant has demonstrated that this Court lacks jurisdiction

and Plaintiff has failed to meet its burden of proving that jurisdiction exists in

Delaware under Superior Court Civil Rule 12(b)(1).

17
   Carder v. Carl M. Freeman Communities, LLC, 2009 WL 106510, at *3 (Del. Ch. Jan. 5, 2009).
18
   NAMA Holdings, LLC v. Related World Mkt. Ctr., LLC, 922 A.2d 417, 429-30 (Del. Ch. 2007) (citing Anadarko
Petroleum Corp. v. Panhandle E. Corp., 1987 WL 13520, at *8 (Del. Ch. July 7, 1987)).
19
   NAMA Holdings, 922 A.2d at 430 (quoting SBC Interactive, Inc. v. Corporate Media Partners, 714 A.2d 758, 761
(Del. 1998)).
20
   Carder, 2009 WL 106510, at *3 (Del. Ch. Jan. 5, 2009).

                                                       8
                                         Improper Venue

        Under Superior Court Civil Rule 12(b)(3), on a motion to dismiss for

improper venue, the Court is not shackled to the non-moving party’s complaint and

is permitted to consider extrinsic evidence.21 Under this standard, the Court should

“give effect to the terms of private agreements to resolve disputes in a designated

judicial forum out of respect for the parties’ contractual designation.” 22 Further,

“[i]f a forum selection clause validly limits a plaintiff to a single forum, that clause

operates to divest a court that otherwise has jurisdiction of its status as a proper

venue for plaintiff to sue.”23 This Court will consider if deference to the forum

selection should not be afforded only: (1) if enforcement would be unreasonable

and unjust under the circumstances; or (2) the forum selection clause was procured

by fraudulent inducement. 24

        Plaintiff does not establish that enforcement of the forum selection in

Orange County, Florida would “seriously impair Plaintiff’s ability to pursue its

cause of action.”25 Plaintiff simply argues that he is not bound to travel to Florida

to address his claims. Mere inconvenience or additional expense is not the test for

21
   Id. (citing Anglo American Sec. Fund, L.P. v. S.R. Global Intern. Fund, L.P., 829 A.2d 143, 148-9 (Del. Ch. Aug.
4, 2003)).
22
   Loveman, 2009 WL 847622, at *2 (quoting Simon v. Navellier Series Fund., 2000 WL 1597890, at *4 (Del. Ch.
Oct. 19, 2000)).
23
   Id. (citing Simon, 2000 WL 1597890, at *6).
24
   Id.
25
   Loveman, 2009 WL 847655, at *3 (citing Halpern Eye Associates, 2007 WL 3231617, at *4).

                                                         9
unreasonableness. 26 Without more, Plaintiff has not established that enforcement

of the forum selection clause in the Jurisdiction Provision would be unreasonable

or unjust under the circumstances.

           Turning to the second exception, while Plaintiff alleges that fraudulent

advertising may have induced it into entering into the Agreement, it does not allege

in the Complaint, nor argue against dismissal, that the forum selection clause was

procured through fraud or fraudulent inducement. Plaintiff’s alleged reliance on

the status of Defendant’s “Gold Microsoft” status has no connection to the forum

selection clause in the Jurisdiction Provision.

           This Court finds that the Jurisdiction Provision limits Plaintiff to a single

forum and deference is afforded accordingly. Plaintiff has failed to establish that

enforcement would be unreasonable and unjust under the circumstances or that the

forum selection clause was procured by fraudulent inducement.                 As such,

Defendant has demonstrated that this Court is an improper venue for which to

litigate this matter under Superior Court Rule 12(b)(3).

           Plaintiff’s final argument against dismissal asserts that the Jurisdiction

Provision is inapplicable to a statutory claim arising from the CFA. 27 Specifically,

Plaintiff argues that the fraud claim must be heard in Delaware as a separate claim,

and that while it is “related” to the Agreement, it does not fall within the language

26
     Id.
27
     6 Del. C. §2525(a).

                                             10
of the Jurisdiction Provision. This Court disagrees.

        The CFA provides that a private cause of action “may be brought in any

court of competent jurisdiction in this State….” 28 However, an arbitration clause

will be enforced against a statutory claim and that claim “‘may’ be brought in a

court of competent jurisdiction; there is no requirement that they ‘must’ be brought

in a court, as contrasted with an arbitration forum.” 29 Delaware courts enforce

forum selection clauses even when such enforcement “divest[s] the courts of this

State of the power they would otherwise have to hear a dispute.” 30 Therefore,

Plaintiff’s argument that this Court holds exclusive jurisdiction for the statutory

claim fails.

        Finally, although Plaintiff asks for a favorable interpretation of the words

“related” and “under” as they apply to this Agreement, the proper focus is on the

language in the Jurisdiction Provision that addresses resolution of “any disputes.”

As in Prestancia Mgmt. Group v. Va. Heritage Found, II LLC, the Court of

Chancery has interpreted a similarly-worded forum selection clause by stating that

the “use of the word ‘any,’…connotes all-encompassing inclusion” and limited the

parties to the language in the forum selection clause. 31 As to Plaintiff’s last

argument against dismissal, this Court finds that the plain language in the contract

28
   Id.
29
   See Roncone v. Phoenix Payment Systems, Inc., 2014 WL 6735210, at *6 (Del. Ch. Nov. 26, 2014).
30
   In re IBP S’holders Litig. v. Tyson Foods, Inc., 2001 WL 406292, n.21 (Del. Ch. Apr. 18, 2001).
31
   Prestancia Mgmt. Group v. Va. Heritage Found, II LLC, 2005 Del. Ch. Lexis 80 (Del. Ch. May 27, 2005).

                                                      11
reflects that Orange County, Florida is the appropriate venue as to “any disputes,”

including Plaintiff’s claim for fraudulent advertising.

      For the reasons stated above, this Court finds it must dismiss the claims for

lack of jurisdiction and improper venue. Defendant’s motion to dismiss under

12(b)(1) and 12(b)(3) is GRANTED.

      IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                     _____________________
                                                     Judge Vivian L. Medinilla

VLM: sj

cc:    Prothonotary

                                          12