Court Opinion

ID: 5128521
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-11-22 23:02:43.705367+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:23:07.320459
License: Public Domain

Filed 11/22/21 McGroarty v. American Multi-Cinema CA2/3

 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions
not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(a). This opinion has
not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115(a).

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                        SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                     DIVISION THREE

SEAN MCGROARTY,                                                 B305603

      Plaintiff and Respondent,                                 Los Angeles County
                                                                Super. Ct. No. BC686161
      v.

AMERICAN MULTI-CINEMA,
INC.,

      Defendant and Appellant.

      APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los
Angeles County, James A. Kaddo, Judge. Affirmed.
      Manning & Kass Ellrod, Ramirez, Trester, Brian T. Moss,
Karen Liao, Edwin N. Sasaki and Mark R. Wilson for Defendant
and Appellant.
      Klinedinst, Heather L. Rosing and Benjamin C. Wohlfeil for
Plaintiff and Respondent.
            _______________________________________
                          INTRODUCTION

       Defendant and appellant American Multi-Cinema, Inc.
(AMC) appeals from an order granting in part a motion to tax
costs filed by plaintiff and respondent Sean McGroarty (plaintiff).
AMC does not challenge the substance of the court’s ruling but
contends the court lacked jurisdiction to hear the motion because
plaintiff impermissibly served the motion by email only.
       Although the parties extensively briefed issues of statutory
interpretation and possible conflicts between the Code of Civil
Procedure, the California Rules of Court, and applicable local
rules, it is unnecessary to reach those issues.1 AMC waived any
defect in plaintiff’s service of the motion to tax costs by filing an
opposition on the merits and appearing at the hearing to oppose
the motion on the merits. In addition, AMC fails to assert any
prejudice resulting from either the service method or the court’s
ruling. Accordingly, we affirm.

        FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       The facts necessary to this appeal are few. Following a jury
trial in which AMC prevailed, the court entered a judgment in
favor of AMC awarding costs in an unspecified amount. AMC
filed a cost memorandum seeking routine costs as well as expert
witness fees as costs under Code of Civil Procedure section 998,
subdivision (c).2

1We deny plaintiff’s request for judicial notice, filed July 8, 2021, as
moot.
2All undesignated statutory references are to the Code of Civil
Procedure.

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       Plaintiff filed a timely motion to tax costs arguing mainly
that AMC’s settlement offer was overbroad and therefore invalid.
Plaintiff served the motion on AMC’s counsel electronically. AMC
opposed the motion, arguing that plaintiff’s electronic service was
improper under section 1010.6, subdivision (a)(2)(A)(i) and, in
any event, that the settlement offer was valid. AMC did not
request additional time to respond to plaintiff’s motion, nor did
AMC claim it had been prejudiced by electronic service.
       The court heard the motion to tax costs on February 6,
2020. Counsel for AMC appeared at the hearing and addressed
both the alleged service defect and the merits of the motion to tax
costs. Again, AMC did not request additional time to respond to
plaintiff’s motion, nor did AMC claim it had been prejudiced by
the electronic service of the motion.
       The court issued and served its ruling on February 6, 2020.
AMC timely appeals.

                          DISCUSSION

       AMC does not identify any substantive error in the court’s
ruling on plaintiff’s motion to tax costs. Instead, AMC contends
the court lacked jurisdiction to consider plaintiff’s motion because
plaintiff used an unauthorized method (email) to serve it. We
assume, without deciding, that service was improper.
Nevertheless, AMC is incorrect as to its jurisdictional argument
and, in any event, waived any defect in plaintiff’s service of the
motion to tax costs by opposing the motion on the merits. AMC
also fails to demonstrate any prejudice resulting from either the
alleged service defect or the court’s ruling.

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1.    Standard of Review
       Generally, we review a court’s decision to award or deny
costs under section 998 for an abuse of discretion. (See, e.g.,
Najera v. Huerta (2011) 191 Cal.App.4th 872, 877.) But AMC’s
argument relates solely to the interpretation of statutes, rules of
court, and local rules regarding filing and service of a motion to
tax costs. “Because this determination involves a question of
statutory construction, our review is de novo.” (Reid v. Google,
Inc. (2010) 50 Cal.4th 512, 527; and see Quantum Cooking
Concepts, Inc. v. LV Associates, Inc. (2011) 197 Cal.App.4th 927,
932 [noting appellate courts independently review applicability of
Rules of Court].)
2.    Plaintiff timely filed his motion to tax costs.
       Section 1032, subdivision (b) provides, “Except as otherwise
expressly provided by statute, a prevailing party is entitled as a
matter of right to recover costs in any action or proceeding.” The
California Rules of Court, rule 3.1700, requires a prevailing party
claiming costs to “serve and file a memorandum of costs within
15 days after the date of service of the notice of entry of
judgment … .” (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 3.1700(a)(1).) If the
opposing party objects to any or all of the claimed costs, “[a]ny
notice of motion to strike or to tax costs must be served and filed
15 days after service of the cost memorandum.” (Id.,
rule 3.1700(b)(1).)
       AMC concedes that plaintiff timely filed his motion to tax
costs. AMC objects, however, to plaintiff’s method of service. As
noted, plaintiff served AMC’s counsel with the motion via email
only, which AMC asserts was not an authorized method of service
in this case. AMC contends that “[a] party who fails to timely

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serve a motion to tax costs is conclusively deemed to have waived
any and all objections to the cost bill, and the trial court lacks
discretion to excuse an untimely or improperly served motion to
tax costs.”
       Critically, AMC fails to establish that improper service of
the motion deprived the court of jurisdiction. AMC cites, and
quotes, four cases holding that the “ ‘failure to file a motion to tax
costs constitutes a waiver of the right to object. [Citations.]’ ”
(Douglas v. Willis (1994) 27 Cal.App.4th 287, 289, italics added;
Jimenez v. City of Oxnard (1982) 134 Cal.App.3d 856, 859 [“ ‘[I]f a
party to an action against whom cost is awarded neglects within
the time specified in [former] section 1033 to apply to the court to
have the same taxed, he is deemed to have assented to the
correctness and lawfulness of the items as claimed in the verified
memorandum of costs as filed ... .’ ”]; Davis Lumber Co. v.
Hubbell (1955) 137 Cal.App.2d 148, 151 [“When a cost bill is filed
it is not the duty of the clerk to determine the regularity of its
filing. The burden of attacking it rests upon the party who will
have to pay the costs, and if he fails to move within the time
allowed he is “conclusively” presumed to have waived such
irregularity.”]; San Francisco Unified School District v. Board of
National Missions (1954) 129 Cal.App.2d 236, 243 [same].) But
contrary to AMC’s argument, none of those cases holds that the
failure to properly serve a motion to tax costs has the same effect.
Accordingly, we reject the argument. (See Keyes v. Bowen (2010)
189 Cal.App.4th 647, 655–656 [noting that matters not properly
raised or that lack adequate legal discussion will be deemed
forfeited].)

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3.    AMC waived any defect in the service of the motion to
      tax costs by opposing the motion on the merits and
      failing to establish prejudice.
       Even if plaintiff failed to properly serve his motion to tax
costs, AMC waived any service defect by opposing the motion on
the merits and failing to demonstrate prejudice.
       “The principal purpose of the requirement to file and serve
a notice of motion a specified number of days before the hearing
[citation] is to provide the opposing party adequate time to
prepare an opposition. That purpose is served if the party
appears at the hearing, opposes the motion on the merits, and
was not prejudiced in preparing an opposition by the untimely
notice.” (Arambula v. Union Carbide Corp. (2005) 128
Cal.App.4th 333, 343.) Accordingly, “ ‘a party who appears and
contests a motion in the court below cannot object on appeal ...
that he had no notice of the motion or that the notice was
insufficient or defective.’ [Citations.]” (Alliance Bank v. Murray
(1984) 161 Cal.App.3d 1, 8; De Luca v. Board of Supervisors
(1955) 134 Cal.App.2d 606, 609 [“The general rule is that one who
has been notified to attend a certain proceeding and does do so,
cannot be heard to complain of alleged insufficiency of the notice;
it has in such instance served its purpose. This rule applies to
one who appears in a lawsuit after defective service of process
upon him (citation), [and] to one who responds to a notice of
motion without adequate notice (citation).”].)
       The case for waiver of defective service is particularly
strong where, as here, the complaining party fails to show any
prejudice resulting from the allegedly defective service. Carlton v.
Quint (2000) 77 Cal.App.4th 690 (Carlton), illustrates the point.
Plaintiff Carlton objected to service of the defendant’s motion for

                                 6
summary judgment as untimely. He also claimed he was out of
state on the date specified in the proof of service. Finally, Carlton
asserted the proof of service was inadequate because it was not
sufficiently detailed. The trial court found that service was
adequate but did not explain its rationale. (Id. at p. 696.) The
court then granted the motion and entered judgment in favor of
Quint. (Id. at p. 693.)
       The court of appeal affirmed, concluding that even if
Carlton had not been properly served with the motion for
summary judgment, no reversal was required. (Carlton, supra, 77
Cal.App.4th at pp. 696–697.) The court explained, “ ‘[i]t is well
settled that the appearance of a party at the hearing of a motion
and his or her opposition to the motion on its merits is a waiver of
any defects or irregularities in the notice of motion. [Citations.]
This rule applies even when no notice was given at all.
[Citations.] Accordingly, a party who appears and contests a
motion in the court below cannot object on appeal or by seeking
extraordinary relief in the appellate court that he had no notice
of the motion or that the notice was insufficient or defective.’
[Citations.]” (Id. at p. 697.) And, the court noted, “[a]lthough
[Carlton] did raise the issue of inadequate service in his
opposition and at the summary judgment hearing, he
nevertheless filed a response to the motion for summary
judgment, never claimed he did not have adequate time to
prepare a response, appeared at the hearing, argued the merits,
never requested a continuance, and never claimed he was
prejudiced by the defective service or inadequate notice of
hearing. As stated, under these circumstances, we conclude
Carlton waived any alleged defective service or inadequate
notice.” (Id. at p. 698.)

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      The same is true here. AMC opposed plaintiff’s motion to
tax costs, arguing that plaintiff’s electronic service was improper
under section 1010.6, subdivision (a)(2)(A)(i) and that plaintiff’s
motion lacked merit. In addition, counsel for AMC appeared at
the hearing on February 6, 2020 and addressed both the alleged
service defect and the merits of the motion to tax costs. AMC
never requested additional time to respond to plaintiff’s motion,
nor did AMC ever claim it had been prejudiced by electronic
service. Accordingly, AMC waived any defect in the service of the
motion to tax costs.
4.    AMC fails to demonstrate prejudice on appeal.
      Finally, we note that AMC has failed to establish that it
was prejudiced by the court’s ruling on the motion to tax costs.
      An appellant has the burden not only to show error but
prejudice from that error. (Cal. Const., art. VI, § 13.) If an
appellant fails to satisfy that burden, his argument will be
rejected on appeal. (Century Surety Co. v. Polisso (2006) 139
Cal.App.4th 922, 963.) “[W]e cannot presume prejudice and will
not reverse the judgment in the absence of an affirmative
showing there was a miscarriage of justice. [Citations.]” (Ibid.)
      As noted, AMC did not argue below that it was prejudiced
by the fact that plaintiff served the motion to tax costs
electronically. AMC received the motion and timely filed its
opposition. AMC never requested additional time to prepare its
opposition, nor did it ever complain that plaintiff’s electronic
service resulted in any sort of prejudice. And on appeal, AMC

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does not even suggest that it suffered any prejudice as a result of
plaintiff’s use of electronic service.3
      For this additional reason, we reject AMC’s arguments.

                           DISPOSITION

    The order is affirmed. Plaintiff and respondent Sean
McGroarty shall recover his costs on appeal.

    NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

                                                LAVIN, Acting P. J.
WE CONCUR:

       EGERTON, J.

       WINDHAM, J.*

3Indeed, counsel conceded at oral argument that AMC was not
prejudiced by plaintiff’s use of electronic service.
* Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court, assigned by the Chief
Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.

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