Court Opinion

ID: 4455480
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-11-13 20:48:52.293506+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:52.388145
License: Public Domain

J-A24038-19

                                   2019 PA Super 338

    MARTA MARIA LLAURADO                       :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JAVIER GARCIA-ZAPATA                       :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 180 EDA 2019

              Appeal from the Decree Entered December 19, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County Domestic Relations at
                             No(s): 2013-004938

BEFORE:      BENDER, P.J.E., DUBOW, J., and COLINS, J.*

OPINION BY COLINS, J.:                              FILED NOVEMBER 13, 2019

        Appellant Javier Garcia-Zapata (“Husband”) appeals from the decree

entered December 19, 2018 divorcing Husband and Appellee Marta Maria

Llaurado (“Wife”) from the bonds of matrimony. Husband now challenges an

earlier order entered on June 26, 2018, dividing the marital estate and

awarding alimony to Wife, which was finalized by the divorce decree. For the

reasons set forth below, we affirm.

        Husband and Wife were married on October 10, 1989, are currently in

their early 50s, and are the parents of three minor children born in 2002,

2004, and 2012. On May 17, 2013, Wife filed a divorce complaint. Wife later

withdrew the complaint but then reinstated it on December 23, 2013.

Husband filed an affidavit of consent, and on July 9, 2014, Husband filed an

answer and counterclaim.           Following the trial court’s entry of an order
____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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establishing the date of separation as March 15, 2013, Husband filed an

affidavit on March 26, 2015, stating that the marriage was irretrievably broken

pursuant to Section 3301(d) of the Divorce Code, 23 Pa.C.S. § 3301(d). Wife

filed a counter-affidavit of non-opposition to divorce on April 14, 2015.

       Following a hearing, an equitable distribution master issued a report and

recommendation on April 11, 2017. Both parties objected to the report and

recommendation and requested a hearing de novo. The trial court conducted

a de novo hearing on April 4, 2018. At the hearing, counsel agreed that the

equitable distribution proceeding would be conducted on a “case-stated basis”

on documentary exhibits and facts stated by counsel without requiring the

testimony of their clients.1 N.T., 4/4/18, at 4-5. The trial court issued its

equitable distribution order with findings of facts and conclusions of law on

June 26, 2018.

       In the order, the trial court determined that the total value of the marital

estate was $168,337 and that the estate should be divided with Wife receiving

60% and Husband receiving 40%. Order, 6/26/18, at 11, 22. Among the

assets in the marital estate were four retirement investment accounts that

Husband had liquidated in 2014 and 2015; the trial court valued the accounts

____________________________________________

1 In 1996, our Supreme Court abolished the case-stated procedure through
an amendment to the Rules of Civil Procedure. Pa.R.C.P. 1038.2; Warfield
v. Shermer, 910 A.2d 734, 738 (Pa. Super. 2006). Since that amendment,
a dispute resolved on a case-stated basis shall be treated on appeal as a case
submitted on stipulated facts.       Pa.R.C.P. 1038.2 (1996 Explanatory
Comment); Warfield, 910 A.2d at 738.

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at $132,137 based on their gross value at the time of liquidation, concluding

that Husband should be solely responsible for the taxes and penalties resulting

from the early liquidation of the accounts. Id. at 3-4, 11-12. In addition, the

trial court valued a Boston Whaler 200 Dauntless boat owned by the couple at

$22,000. Id. at 15, 22. The trial court also awarded Wife alimony in the

amount of $1,897 per month for four years from the date of the order and

counsel fees in the amount of $5,000 payable in five monthly installments.

Id. at 20-21, 23.

       Husband filed a notice of appeal of the equitable distribution order.

However, on August 20, 2018, this Court sua sponte quashed the appeal as

being from a non-final order because, while the trial court had resolved the

parties’ economic claims, no divorce decree had been entered. The trial court

then issued the divorce decree on December 19, 2018. Husband filed a timely

notice of appeal of that order on January 10, 2019.2

       Husband presents the following issues for our review:

       1. The learned trial court erred by utilizing the gross amount of
       the retirement and/or investment accounts for purposes of
       equitable distribution without considering certain tax ramifications
       thereby compelling [Husband] to remain solely responsible for all
       assessed taxes[.]

       2. The learned trial court erred by utilizing the gross amount of
       the retirement and/or investment accounts for purposes of
       equitable distribution when [Husband] while under the specter of
       unmerited and unwarranted domestic relations orders and
____________________________________________

2Husband filed his concise statement of errors pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
on January 31, 2019. The trial court issued its Rule 1925(a) opinion on March
15, 2019.

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     eventual imprisonment for purported contempt of said Orders was
     forced to liquidate certain retirement and/or investment accounts
     to meet support obligations[.]

     3. The learned trial court erred by utilizing the gross amount of
     the retirement and/or investment accounts for purposes of
     equitable distribution when [Husband] liquidated same as
     [Husband] had no income and no other funds with which to pay
     certain support obligations as evidenced by [Husband’s]
     unemployment from August 7, 2013 through January 11, 2016
     and his imprisonment in the G.W. Hill Correctional Facility from
     contempt of said support obligations from May 4, 201[5] until
     November 5, 2015. See Griffin v. Griffin, 558 A.2d 86 (Pa.
     Super. 1989).

     4. The learned trial court erred by failing to consider the federal,
     state and local tax ramifications associated with the accounts
     [Husband] was forced to liquidate to meet his support obligations.
     See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 3502(10.1).

     [5]. The learned trial court erred by determining the valuation
     assigned to a 2008 Boston Whaler boat totaled $22,000.00 and
     failing to credit [Husband] for the $4,500.00 [Wife] received when
     the boat was sold in 2014.

     [6]. The learned trial court erred by determining [Wife] was
     entitled to an award of alimony in the amount of $1897 per month
     for four (4) years despite finding that as of the date of the hearing
     and equitable distribution award, [Husband] was unemployed.

     [7]. The learned trial court erred by determining that alimony was
     appropriate in light of the alimony factors outlined in 23 Pa.C.S.A.
     § 3701 and in particular, [Husband’s] employment status as of the
     date of the hearing and equitable distribution award.

     8. The learned trial court erred by awarding [Wife] $5,000.00 in
     counsel fees when the invoice for said fees failed to segregate
     attorney time and expenses among representation for custody,
     child support, or equitable distribution.

     9. The learned trial court erred by failing to address the parties’
     student loan obligations and failing to determine the parties were
     solely responsible for any and all student loan debt incurred by
     either party prior to or during the marriage and the party securing
     said debt would indemnify the other for any collection efforts

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      and/or seizures, past, present and future associated with the
      failure to timely pay his or her student loans.

Husband’s Brief at 4-5 (reordered for ease of disposition).

      Our review of a challenge of an equitable distribution award is governed

by the following standards:

      A trial court has broad discretion when fashioning an award of
      equitable distribution. Our standard of review when assessing the
      propriety of an order effectuating the equitable distribution of
      marital property is whether the trial court abused its discretion by
      a misapplication of the law or failure to follow proper legal
      procedure. We do not lightly find an abuse of discretion, which
      requires a showing of clear and convincing evidence. This Court
      will not find an abuse of discretion unless the law has been
      overridden or misapplied or the judgment exercised was
      manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice,
      bias, or ill will, as shown by the evidence in the certified record.
      In determining the propriety of an equitable distribution award,
      courts must consider the distribution scheme as a whole. We
      measure the circumstances of the case against the objective of
      effectuating economic justice between the parties and achieving a
      just determination of their property rights.

      Moreover, it is within the province of the trial court to weigh the
      evidence and decide credibility and this Court will not reverse
      those determinations so long as they are supported by the
      evidence.

Brubaker v. Brubaker, 201 A.3d 180, 184 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation

omitted).

      In his first four appellate issues, Husband challenges the trial court’s

valuation of the retirement investment accounts at the gross amount of

$132,137 without making an adjustment for over $30,000 in taxes that

Husband was required to pay when liquidating the accounts. Husband first

argues that the valuation of the accounts at the gross amount violates Section

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3502(a)(10.1) of the Divorce Code, which requires that a court weighing the

division of marital assets consider “[t]he Federal, State and local tax

ramifications associated with each asset to be divided, distributed or assigned,

which ramifications need not be immediate and certain.”           23 Pa.C.S. §

3502(a)(10.1).    Consideration of the tax ramifications of marital assets is

mandatory.    Carney v. Carney, 167 A.3d 127, 133 (Pa. Super. 2017).

However, as this Court has explained, “the statute requires us only to

consider the tax ramifications . . . along with numerous other listed factors,

but the Divorce Code does not make a deduction for them mandatory.” Id.

at 133-34 (emphasis in original) (quoting Balicki v. Balicki, 4 A.3d 654, 664

(Pa. Super. 2010)).

      The trial court plainly considered the tax ramifications of the retirement

accounts in the equitable distribution order. The trial court found that the

accounts were liquidated without the consent of Wife and without the

permission of the trial court. Order, 6/26/18, at 3, 12. In addition, the court

noted that, as a result of the Husband’s unilateral liquidation of the accounts,

Wife had lost the value of the potential market growth of the assets. Id. at

4, 12.   The trial court thus concluded that Husband alone should bear

responsibility for the taxes deducted as a result of the early liquidation of the

accounts.    Id. at 4, 12.     The trial court properly considered the tax

ramifications in assessing the value of the retirement accounts, and we decline

Husband’s invitation to overturn its well-supported findings and conclusions.

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      Husband further argues that the trial court’s refusal to assign some

shared responsibility for the taxes he paid is inequitable and fails to account

for the fact that Husband’s liquidation of the accounts was not voluntary and

a result of his dire economic circumstances in 2014 and 2015. Specifically,

Husband asserts that he was compelled to liquidate the accounts to meet

“unmerited and unwarranted” child and spousal support obligations that he

was required to pay during a long period of unemployment between August

2013 to January 2016. Husband’s Brief at 14. Husband contends that on

September 10 and December 15, 2014, the trial court overseeing the support

matters issued two orders directing him to liquidate certain assets, including

the retirement accounts. In addition, Husband argues that the trial court did

not account for the fact that he was held in contempt in 2015 for failure to

pay required support and ordered to serve a six-month sentence with his

release contingent on the payment of $47,919.19 in support arrearages.

      We reject these arguments.      First, to the extent Husband directly

challenges the child support and contempt determinations in this appeal, he

is estopped from doing so. Husband previously appealed a February 2, 2015

trial court order requiring him to pay child support in the amount of $2,383

per month and the May 4, 2015 order finding Husband in contempt of his

support obligations and sentencing him to six months of incarceration; this

Court affirmed both orders. Llaurado v. Garcia-Zapata, No. 1637 EDA 2015

(Pa. Super. filed March 21, 2016); Llaurado v. Garcia-Zapata, No. 707 EDA

2015 (Pa. Super. filed Dec. 21, 2015). Collateral estoppel applies if (1) the

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issue decided in the prior case is identical to one presented in the later case;

(2) there was a final judgment on the merits; (3) the party against whom the

plea is asserted was a party or in privity with a party in the prior case; (4) the

party or person privy to the party against whom the doctrine is asserted had

a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue in the prior proceeding and (5)

the determination in the prior proceeding was essential to the judgment.

Weissberger v. Myers, 90 A.3d 730, 733 (Pa. Super. 2014). Husband had

a full and fair opportunity to litigate the child support and contempt orders in

the custody action, these matters came to a final judgment on the merits, and

the determinations were essential to the judgment. In addition, while this

Court reserved its ruling on the spousal support orders until the divorce decree

had been issued, Husband has not appealed from the spousal support

determinations and the merits of the spousal support rulings are therefore not

before this Court.

      Furthermore, Husband’s claim that he was compelled to liquidate the

retirement accounts due to onerous support obligations is belied by the history

of these earlier proceedings.     In this Court’s decision regarding the child

support order, we affirmed the trial court’s finding that, even though he had

been out of the workforce for over two years, Husband’s support obligations

should be based off his earning capacity of $131,016 computed on his prior-

year average income because Husband had failed to make a good faith effort

to find a job. Llaurado, No. 707 EDA 2015, unpublished memorandum at 8-

12. As we noted, “[t]o the extent [Husband] is arguing the court failed to

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consider that he was unemployed for a significant period of time, the trial

court considered [Husband’s] unemployment and found him to be at fault for

being unemployed.” Id. at 12-13.

      In the appeal from the contempt ruling, we affirmed the trial court’s

determination that Husband had failed to make a good-faith effort to comply

with the support orders due to his failure to obtain employment commensurate

with his past earnings over a period extending well over one year. Llaurado,

No. 1637 EDA 2015, unpublished memorandum at 4-5.              In addition, we

concluded that the trial court did not err in setting Husband’s release amount

at $47,919.19. As we stated,

      The record reflects that the trial court found that [Husband] failed
      to meet his burden of proving that he had the present inability to
      comply with the court order. At the contempt hearing, [Husband]
      admitted to liquidating approximately $125,000.00 in assets that
      included a retirement account and a boat. Although [Husband]
      claimed that he used all of the money to meet his own expenses,
      he did not produce any evidence to substantiate his claim. After
      hearing [Husband’s] testimony, the trial court rejected it and
      found that [Husband] had the present ability to comply with the
      order and set the release amount to coerce him to comply. We
      find no abuse of discretion.

Id. at 7 (internal citations omitted)).

      Thus, the trial court found that Husband’s long-term unemployment

from August 2013 to January 2016 was of his own doing and he had not made

a good-faith effort to find employment corresponding to his abilities that would

allow him to pay the court-ordered support. In addition, Husband did not

produce evidence in the support proceedings – and likewise he has not

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produced evidence in the divorce action – to show that he used the proceeds

from the liquidation of the retirement accounts to meet his support

obligations. Finally, while Appellant references September 10 and December

15, 2014 trial court orders that he claims mandated him to liquidate the

retirement accounts, Husband did not refer to these orders at the equitable

distribution hearing and these orders do not appear in the certified record of

this appeal.   Accordingly, we see no reason to disturb the trial court’s

calculation of the retirement investment accounts as a marital asset based

upon the gross amounts of the accounts at the time of liquidation.

      In his next issue, Husband challenges the trial court’s valuation of the

Boston Whaler boat at $22,000. “[T]he Divorce Code does not set forth a

specific method for valuing assets, and consistent with our standard of review,

the trial court is afforded great discretion in fashioning an equitable

distribution order which achieves economic justice.” Carney, 167 A.3d at 131

(citation omitted). “In valuing marital assets, the trial court must exercise

discretion and rely on the estimates, inventories, records of purchase prices,

and appraisals submitted by both parties.” Id. (quotation marks, brackets,

and citation omitted). However, “[t]he trial court may accept all, part, or none

of the evidence regarding valuation of marital property, and it may rely on its

own valuation method.” Brubaker, 201 A.3d at 185.

      As the trial court recounts in the equitable distribution order, the Boston

Whaler had been the subject of extensive litigation earlier in the divorce

proceeding. Wife initially petitioned for the sale of the boat on May 5, 2014

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to pay her living expenses on the basis that she was not working at the time

and Husband was not complying with his court-ordered child and spousal

support.    On June 20, 2014, the trial court entered an order directing the

parties to cooperate in immediately listing the boat for sale with Wife to

receive 80% of the proceeds of the sale. On September 23, 2014, the trial

court entered an order directing Husband to identify three boat dealers in

Maryland and Wife to pick the dealer to use for the sale, with the terms of the

prior order relating to the distribution of the proceeds remaining in effect.

Upon learning that Husband sold the boat for $4,500 to a car dealership in

Florida in October 2014, Wife filed a petition for contempt on February 9,

2015. The trial court then entered a stipulated order on April 2, 2015 setting

forth that Husband had sold the boat and that Husband had paid Wife $5,750,

including the amount received for the sale of the boat plus $1,250 in attorneys’

fees.

        In the equitable distribution order, the trial court determined that the

October 2014 sale of the boat to a car dealership was in violation of the

September 23, 2014 order and that the boat was sold at a “grossly

undervalued price.” Order, 6/26/2018, at 6, 15. The trial court reviewed the

evidence of the boat’s value submitted by Wife, which consisted of list prices

on a boat resale website for the same model of Boston Whaler with ranges

between $30,000 to $55,000 depending on the features and condition of the

boat. Id. at 6, 14; see also Exhibit P-1. The trial court further found that

the boat was originally purchased for approximately $37,000 to $38,000

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between 2008 and 2010 and the boat was one year old at the time of

purchase. Order, 6/26/2018, at 6, 14-15. Based on the evidence submitted,

the trial court concluded that the boat had a value of $22,000. Id. at 15.

      Husband argues that the trial court abused its discretion in valuing the

Boston Whaler at $22,000 based on “unsubstantiated, unsupported internet

valuations” that Wife submitted at the equitable distribution hearing.

Husband’s Brief at 26. Instead, Husband contends that the valuation of the

boat was resolved in the stipulated April 2, 2015 trial court order setting forth

the $4,500 price at which Husband actually sold the boat in 2014. Husband

therefore asserts that the issue of the boat’s valuation was moot. Finally,

Husband contends that the trial court failed to credit Wife with the $4,500

previously tendered to Wife, as stated in the April 2, 2015 order.

      Husband’s arguments lack merit. First, the issue of the valuation was

not moot as a result of the April 2, 2015 order, as that order explicitly provided

that the issue of the proper valuation of the boat was preserved for equitable

distribution. Order, 4/2/15, ¶1.

      Furthermore, the trial court acted well within its discretion in

disregarding the actual sale price of the boat and relying on the internet sale

listings offered into evidence by Wife. As stated above, the trial court may

rely on any evidence of value submitted or may rely on none of the evidence

and use its own valuation method. Brubaker, 201 A.3d at 185. The record

plainly supports the trial court’s conclusion that Husband’s October 2014 sale

of the boat at a Florida car dealership was in patent violation of the September

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23, 2014 order requiring that the sale take place at a boat dealership in

Maryland of Wife’s choosing.       No evidence was submitted that Husband

received offers for purchase from other dealers or private buyers. Moreover,

the sale price was substantially less than the original purchase price

approximately five to seven years prior to the sale and the list prices for similar

Boston Whaler models, with no explanation offered by Husband for the

diminution in the boat’s value over that period. While Husband now objects

to the fact that Wife only submitted internet listings at the equitable

distribution hearing, the history of this litigation makes clear that Husband

intentionally concealed the boat from Wife and unilaterally sold it contrary to

the court-ordered procedure that was designed to determine the boat’s value

through the marketplace. Thus, Wife had no access to the boat to solicit an

appraisal for the boat.

      Finally, we reject Husband’s contention that the trial court failed to credit

Husband for his payment to Wife of the sale price of the Boston Whaler

pursuant to the April 2, 2015 stipulated order. Rather, the calculations of the

marital assets in the equitable distribution order clearly identifies that Wife

already received $5,750 for the sale of the boat, including the $4,500 sale

price and an additional $1,250 that was initially allocated to Wife as counsel

fees in the April 2, 2015 order, but which the trial court deducted from Wife’s

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share of the marital estate in the equitable distribution order.3              Order,

6/26/18, at 22.

       In his sixth and seventh appellate issues, Husband challenges the trial

court’s award of alimony to Wife in the amount of $1,897 per month for four

years. In making its alimony award, the trial court noted the ages of Husband,

Wife, and their three children and the length of the marriage. Order, 6/26/18,

at 7. The trial court found that Wife has sole physical custody of the couple’s

three children and that her monthly expenses to support herself and the

children are approximately $8,000. Id. at 7-8, 18. The trial court determined

that Wife earns an annual salary of $31,640.18, with a net monthly income of

$1,942.43, as an account clerk, and that she moved in with her parents

because she could not afford to live on her own with the children after being

forced to leave the marital home.              Id. at 9, 18-19.   In 2013, Wife began

receiving spousal and child support at the monthly rate of $1,897 and $2,193,

respectively, and she had received the total amounts of $99,262.92 in spousal

support and $156,941.74 in child support as of the date of the hearing. Id.

at 9, 19.

       With respect to Husband, the trial court found that Husband has an

earning capacity of approximately $140,000 per year with the potential to

earn $20,000 or more beyond that sum and that he has a net monthly income

____________________________________________

3 Notably, the $1,250 paid in 2015 was included in the calculation of the
marital assets rather than the counsel fees awarded in the equitable
distribution order. Order, 6/26/18, at 22.

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of $10,458 per month.       Id. at 7, 9, 19.   The trial court recognized that

Husband most recently earned approximately $185,000 per year working at

an energy company but that he had been laid off from this job on March 8,

2018.    Id. at 9, 19.   Finally, the trial court found that Wife believed that

Husband was engaging in an extramarital affair during the marriage. Id. at

9-10, 19-20.

        A court entering a divorce decree may award alimony “as it deems

reasonable, to either party only if it finds that alimony is necessary.”     23

Pa.C.S. § 3701(a).

        We previously have explained that the purpose of alimony is not
        to reward one party and to punish the other, but rather to ensure
        that the reasonable needs of the person who is unable to support
        himself or herself through appropriate employment, are met.
        Alimony is based upon reasonable needs in accordance with the
        lifestyle and standard of living established by the parties during
        the marriage, as well as the payor’s ability to pay. Moreover,
        alimony following a divorce is a secondary remedy and is available
        only where economic justice and the reasonable needs of the
        parties cannot be achieved by way of an equitable distribution
        award and development of an appropriate employable skill.

Conner v. Holtzinger Conner, ___ A.3d ___, 2019 PA Super 251, *21 (filed

August 20, 2019) (citation omitted). An award of alimony is within the sound

discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed absent an abuse of

discretion or error of law. Cook v. Cook, 186 A.3d 1015, 1019 (Pa. Super.

2018).

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      In determining the propriety of alimony in a particular case, as well as

the nature, amount, and duration of an alimony award, the court must

consider the following factors set forth in Section 3701(b) of the Divorce Code:

      (1) The relative earnings and earning capacities of the parties.

      (2) The ages and the physical, mental and emotional conditions of
      the parties.

      (3) The sources of income of both parties, including, but not
      limited to, medical, retirement, insurance or other benefits.

      (4) The expectancies and inheritances of the parties.

      (5) The duration of the marriage.

      (6) The contribution by one party to the education, training or
      increased earning power of the other party.

      (7) The extent to which the earning power, expenses or financial
      obligations of a party will be affected by reason of serving as the
      custodian of a minor child.

      (8) The standard of living of the parties established during the
      marriage.

      (9) The relative education of the parties and the time necessary
      to acquire sufficient education or training to enable the party
      seeking alimony to find appropriate employment.

      (10) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties.

      (11) The property brought to the marriage by either party.

      (12) The contribution of a spouse as homemaker.

      (13) The relative needs of the parties.

      (14) The marital misconduct of either of the parties during the
      marriage. The marital misconduct of either of the parties from
      the date of final separation shall not be considered by the court in
      its determinations relative to alimony, except that the court shall
      consider the abuse of one party by the other party. As used in
      this paragraph, “abuse” shall have the meaning given to it under
      section 6102 (relating to definitions).

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      (15) The Federal, State and local tax ramifications of the alimony
      award.

      (16) Whether the party seeking alimony lacks sufficient property,
      including, but not limited to, property distributed under Chapter
      35 (relating to property rights), to provide for the party's
      reasonable needs.

      (17) Whether the party seeking alimony is incapable of self-
      support through appropriate employment.

23 Pa.C.S. § 3701(b). The court is required to consider each of the seventeen

Section 3701(b) factors where relevant. Conner, 2019 PA Super 251, *23.

These factors do not, however, create an exhaustive list of the factors that

may be considered. Id.

      Husband challenges the trial court’s analysis related to eight of the

Section 3701(b) alimony factors.      However, with respect to five of these

factors – subsection (b)(3), (5), (10), (15), and (17) – Husband does no more

than cite these factors in his brief, providing no explanation regarding any

alleged deficiency in the analysis of the factors by the trial court.        The

argument with respect to these factors is thus waived for failure to develop

the issue. See Milby v. Pote, 189 A.3d 1065, 1079 (Pa. Super. 2018) (“The

failure to develop an adequate argument in an appellate brief may result in

waiver of the claim under Pa.R.A.P. 2119.” (citation, brackets, and quotation

marks omitted)).     Moreover, we observe that the trial court adequately

addressed in the equitable distribution order the factors set forth at subsection

(b)(3), relating to sources of income, (b)(5), relating to the duration of the

marriage, (b)(10), relating to the assets and liabilities of the parties, and

(b)(17), relating to the ability of party seeking alimony to support herself.

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There is no indication that the subsection (b)(15) factor, relating to the

federal, state, and local tax ramifications of the alimony award, is relevant in

this matter. See Conner, 2019 PA Super 251, *23 (holding that the trial

court must consider the Section 3701(b) factors where relevant).

      Husband further argues that, with respect to the subsection (b)(1)

factor, the trial court’s finding that he had an earning capacity of $140,000

was improper in light of the fact that he was laid off one month prior to the

equitable distribution hearing and his earnings at that point were effectively

$0. However, Section 3701(b)(1) provides that a trial court consider both the

“relative earnings and earning capacities of the parties” in determining the

appropriate alimony award. 23 Pa.C.S. § 3701(b)(1) (emphasis added). “A

person’s earning capacity is defined not as an amount which the person could

theoretically earn, but as that amount which the person could realistically earn

under the circumstances, considering his or her age, health, mental and

physical condition and training.” Conner, 2019 PA Super 251, *19 (citation

omitted). The trial court here did not ignore that Husband had been recently

laid off from a job for which he was paid an annual salary of approximately

$185,000, but found more pertinent his earning capacity based on his salary

history and the prior determinations that Husband had a $140,000 earning

capacity in the support proceedings.          Particularly, in light of the prior

determinations that Husband willfully decided to not obtain employment, no

error occurred in basing the alimony award on a $140,000 earning capacity in

spite of his current unemployment.

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      Husband also challenges an income and expense statement that Wife

submitted at the equitable distribution hearing as “unsupported” and “wholly

insufficient to support” the alimony award. Husband’s Brief at 24; see also

Exhibit P-3. This document is clearly relevant to the alimony award pursuant

to Section 3701(b)(1), (3), (13), which require that the court consider both

parties’ earnings, income, and needs in determining an alimony award. To

the extent Husband now complains that the income and expense statement is

not sufficient, we note that he did not object to the admission of any of Wife’s

exhibits, and he did not challenge any of Wife’s claimed income or expense

items in argument at the hearing or in his post-hearing submission. N.T.,

4/4/18, at 33; Husband’s Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law,

5/11/18. Accordingly, we find this claim to be wholly without merit.

      Finally, Husband argues that the trial court’s “one sentence reference”

to Wife’s mere belief that Husband engaged in an extramarital affair during

the marriage did not support the alimony award. Husband’s Brief at 24. As

described above, the trial court is required to address each of the relevant

Section 3701(b) factors, including subsection (b)(14) pertaining to the

“marital misconduct of either of the parties during the marriage.” 23 Pa.C.S.

§ 3701(b)(14); Conner, 2019 PA Super 251, *23. At the hearing, counsel

for Wife stated that “from our perspective, [there was] marital misconduct in

this case” in the form of an extramarital affair. N.T., 4/4/18, at 10. During

his presentation, counsel for Husband noted that Wife “believes that [the

marriage ended] based upon an extramarital affair” and that this explains “a

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certain animus” that Wife continued to exhibit towards Husband. Id. at 23-

24. The trial court did not make a factual determination regarding whether

the marital misconduct occurred, but simply found that Wife believed that

marital misconduct occurred. Order, 6/26/18, at 9-10, 19-20. There is no

evidence in the equitable distribution order or the trial court’s Pa.R.A.P.

1925(a) opinion that it relied on Wife’s belief that an extramarital affair

occurred in calculating alimony award.

      In sum, and in light of our narrow review of an alimony award, we

conclude that the trial court adequately addressed the relevant Section

3701(b) factors and acted well within its discretion in fashioning the alimony

award.

      In his eighth appellate issue, Husband challenges the counsel fee award

to Wife of $5,000, arguing that the invoice and payment history that Wife

submitted to the court was not segregated among the equitable distribution,

custody, and support matters for which her counsel represented her.        See

Exhibit P-1. Husband further argues that the award was manifestly unjust

because he was unemployed at the time of the equitable distribution order

and Wife failed to establish a need for the award.

      Pursuant to the Divorce Code, “the court may allow a spouse . . .

reasonable counsel fees and expenses.” 23 Pa.C.S. § 3702(a).

      We will reverse a determination of counsel fees and costs only for
      an abuse of discretion. The purpose of an award of counsel fees
      is to promote fair administration of justice by enabling the
      dependent spouse to maintain or defend the divorce action

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      without being placed at a financial disadvantage; the parties must
      be ‘on par’ with one another.

      Counsel fees are awarded based on the facts of each case after a
      review of all the relevant factors. These factors include the
      payor’s ability to pay, the requesting party’s financial resources,
      the value of the services rendered, and the property received in
      equitable distribution.

      Counsel fees are awarded only upon a showing of need. In most
      cases, each party’s financial considerations will ultimately dictate
      whether an award of counsel fees is appropriate. Also pertinent
      to our review is that, in determining whether the court has abused
      its discretion, we do not usurp the court’s duty as fact finder.

Brubaker, 201 A.3d at 191 (citation omitted).

      The trial court found that Wife had incurred a total amount of fees of

$39,661 of which she had paid $17,851.99, and she had an outstanding

balance of $29,335.89 with interest included. Order, 6/26/18, at 8, 21. While

the trial court determined that the fee invoices were not separated with

respect   to   whether   they   related   to   time   and   expenses   related   to

representation in the custody, support, and divorce matters, the court found

that a substantial portion of the counsel fees were incurred related to

Husband’s improper liquidation of the retirement accounts and the efforts to

sell the boat and after its sale in contravention of the court’s September 23,

2014 order. Id. The trial court further explained in its Rule 1925(a) opinion

that the counsel fee award was proper in light of the “extensive amount of

time that was spent trying the equitable distribution matter, including having

the matter go through the Master’s process and then preparing and trying the

case” before the trial court. Trial Court Opinion at 19. In addition, the trial

court noted that a substantial portion of the fees were related to Husband’s

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unauthorized liquidation of the retirement accounts and sale of the boat in

violation of the court’s September 23, 2014 order. Id.

       Upon review, we conclude that the counsel fee award was not an abuse

of discretion. While Husband claims that the award is defective because it

was not based upon legal bills segregated according to the matter to which

they related, he has cited no precedent that establishes a requirement that

the party requesting counsel fees must submit itemized bills to the court.

Nonetheless, the record firmly establishes that Husband’s misconduct related

to the sale of the Boston Whaler and the liquidation of the retirement

investment accounts contributed to a substantial portion of the litigation,

including multiple petitions related to the sale of the boat and the equitable

distribution proceedings before the master and the trial court. The record

further establishes Wife’s need based on the fees she incurred resulting from

Husband’s misconduct and that Husband had an earning capacity of $140,000

that allowed him to pay Wife’s counsel fees.

       In his final issue, Husband argues that the trial court abused its

discretion by failing to make a determination in the equitable distribution order

that each party must remain responsible only for the student loan debt related

to their own education. In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court observed

that

       no mention was made, or evidence presented, by either party at
       the Hearing, or in arguments or submission of counsel, with
       respect to student loan obligations of the parties, except an
       unsupported reference on page 13 of [Husband’s] Proposed
       Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law filed on May 11, 2018.

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Trial Court Opinion at 20; see also Husband’s Proposed Findings of Fact and

Conclusions of Law, 5/11/18, ¶27. We agree with the trial court’s analysis.

Neither party presented evidence regarding the amount of student loan debt

owed by either party or argument concerning who should be responsible for

any such debt. Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by not

ruling on this issue.

      For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its

discretion in awarding alimony to Wife, valuing the parties’ assets, and

effectuating the equitable distribution of the parties’ marital property. See

Brubaker, 201 A.3d at 184; Cook, 186 A.3d at 1019. Consequently, the

divorce decree and the equitable distribution order are affirmed.

      June 26, 2018 order and December 19, 2018 decree affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/13/19

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