Court Opinion

ID: 3008844
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-08 18:08:54.976366+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:48:55.178700
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Reitter Stucco, Inc. v. Ducharme, 2015-Ohio-4193.]

                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                                   TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

Reitter Stucco, Inc.,                                :

                 Plaintiff-Appellee,                 :
                                                                     No. 15AP-404
v.                                                   :             (C.P.C. No. 12CV-3557)

John A. Ducharme,                                    :        (REGULAR CALENDAR)

                 Defendant-Appellant.                :

                                           D E C I S I O N

                                     Rendered on October 8, 2015

                 McDonald Hopkins LLC, and Jason R. Harley, for appellee.

                 John A. Ducharme, pro se.

                  APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas

BRUNNER, J.

        {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, John A. Ducharme, appeals from a final judgment of
the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas that adopted a decision of a magistrate
finding liability on a breach of contract for $771,444.16 plus pre- and post-judgment
interest, attorney fees of $10,172.10, costs of $1,590.46, and other unspecified court costs.
For the following reasons, we affirm.
I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
        {¶ 2} Ducharme embezzled a substantial sum of money from plaintiff-appellee,
Reitter Stucco, Inc. ("Reitter"), when he was an employee during the 1990's. As a result of
that, litigation occurred in the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas in case No. 98CV-
1889. Eventually, the parties reached a settlement that enabled Ducharme to avoid
responsibility for the full sum of money that he embezzled and entailed an agreement by
Reitter not to seek criminal charges against Ducharme or any members of his family. In
No. 15AP-404                                                                             2

addition to this agreement, the parties signed and placed in escrow a consent decree
against Ducharme for $1,147,852 with interest from the date of the decree, to be used if
Ducharme failed to fulfill his obligations under the settlement. Several years after the
settlement agreement (which was titled "repayment agreement") was signed, Ducharme
decided that he should be able to count as fulfilling his obligation to repay under the
terms of the settlement, the surrender of his profit sharing account with Reitter and
certain life insurance assets. As a result, Ducharme considered his obligation to repay
fulfilled and refused to make further payments under the repayment agreement.
      {¶ 3} In response, on July 2, 2009, Reitter filed a motion in the original case to
enter judgment on the consent decree that had been signed in tandem with the repayment
agreement. Two different appeals arose from that case. In the first we dismissed for want
of an appealable order. Reitter Stucco, Inc. v. Ducharme, 193 Ohio App. 3d 766, 2011-
Ohio-2051, ¶ 13-14 (10th Dist.). In the second we reversed because the trial court had
failed to retain jurisdiction to enforce the repayment agreement, and, thus, the matter
should have been addressed as a new case. Reitter Stucco, Inc. v. Ducharme, 10th Dist.
No. 11AP-488, 2011-Ohio-6831.
      {¶ 4} Following our decision in the second Reitter appeal, Reitter filed a new
action on March 20, 2012 to enforce the original trial court's consent decree based on
Ducharme's breach of the repayment agreement. Ducharme answered in narrative form
on April 23, 2012. One week later, on April 30, Ducharme filed a counterclaim for
$887,089.24, the amount he allegedly had repaid under the repayment agreement which
he now claimed was defective or breached by Reitter for a number of reasons, including
that he signed under duress.
      {¶ 5} On June 11, 2012, Reitter moved to dismiss Ducharme's counterclaims and
for judgment on the pleadings.      In the course of discovery, on September 9, 2012,
Ducharme filed a motion to compel production of documents that he alleged would cast
doubt on the amount still due under the repayment agreement. On August 20, 2014, the
trial court granted Reitter's motion to dismiss Ducharme's counterclaims, denied
judgment on the pleadings, and referred the matter to a magistrate for a bench trial. The
following day, the trial court denied Ducharme's motion to compel for failure to comply
with Civ.R. 37(E) and Loc.R. 47.01 of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas. On
October 23, 2014, following a trial, the magistrate issued a decision for Reitter. Over the
No. 15AP-404                                                                            3

objections of Ducharme, on April 8, 2015, the trial court adopted the magistrate's
decision.
       {¶ 6} On April 12, 2015, Ducharme appealed.
II. UNDERLYING FACTS
       {¶ 7} Ducharme failed to secure a transcript of proceedings of the trial court for
the purposes of appeal. Accordingly, we address only the assignments of error that "are
based solely on questions of law." Corbin v. Dailey, 10th Dist. No. 08AP-802, 2009-
Ohio-881, ¶ 5-6. Since Ducharme did not provide the trial court or us with a transcript of
proceedings before the magistrate, we have no basis for reviewing the facts adduced by
testimony in the trial of this case. Accordingly, Ducharme cannot now dispute the facts
found by the trial court and is bound by the factual findings of the magistrate and as
adopted by the trial court. Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(iii); Ramsey v. Ramsey, 10th Dist. No.
13AP-840, 2014-Ohio-1921, ¶ 18. The magistrate's findings of facts appear as follows:
             On May 18, 1998 the parties entered into a Repayment
             Agreement. (Plaintiff's Exhibit 1)

             Exhibit 1 indicated that the Defendant admitted that from as
             early as 1990 to as late as August of 1997 the Defendant had
             converted the Plaintiff's property to his own use. (Exhibit 1,
             page 1, paragraph 3)

             The Defendant admitted in the Repayment Agreement that
             the total amount he converted was $654,315.00. (Exhibit 1,
             page 2, paragraph 5)

             The Defendant admitted that the Plaintiff incurred
             $100,000.00 in costs and $283,537.00 in lost interest on the
             funds converted by the Defendant. (Exhibit 1, page 2,
             paragraphs 7 & 8)

             Exhibit 1 has the following clause:

             D. Profit Sharing Forfeiture. John A. Ducharme and Anne
             Ducharme hereby forfeit any and all rights either may have in
             the Reitter profit sharing program or any successor profit
             sharing arrangement, and agree to execute such documents as
             may reasonably be required in order to cause the payment to
             Reitter of any funds standing to the account of either of them
             therein.
No. 15AP-404                                                                       4

           The Repayment Agreement also contained a paragraph F tiled
           [sic] Life Insurance. Please note the following relevant
           language from that clause of the Repayment Agreement:

           F. Life Insurance. John A. Ducharme will transfer ownership
           of any and all life insurance policies to Reitter Stucco, Inc., . . .
           Reitter Stucco, Inc. shall become the owner of all rights
           benefits, and obligations under such policies. (Exhibit 1, page
           6, paragraphs F)

           The Repayment Agreement indicated that the Defendant was
           to transfer $100,000.00 to the Plaintiff from the sale of his
           real property. The evidence established that, with a loan from
           his parents, the Defendant fully complied with that obligation.
           There is no argument between the parties on this point.

           The language of the Repayment Agreement also required that
           the Defendant sell personal property. (Exhibit 1, page 3,
           paragraphs A) A list of personal property that was subject to
           this obligation was attached to the Repayment Agreement and
           marked as exhibit A.

           The list of personal property in exhibit A, that was attached to
           the Repayment Agreement did not include the Defendant's
           life insurance or his 401(K) account.

           The language contained in the Personal Property clause
           indicated an additional $100,000.00 obligation owed by the
           Defendant to the Plaintiff. The clause established what to do if
           the proceeds of the sale of the items found in exhibit A did or
           did not exceed a net profit of $100,000.00.

           All parties testified that the sale of the items identified in
           exhibit A did not net $100,000.00. As such the following
           language from the Repayment Agreement became relevant:

           In the event that the proceeds of the sale of the personal
           property are less than $100,000.00, the variance shall be
           multiplied by 1.1 and will be added to the principal balance of
           the note and the term extended beyond 60 months to
           maintain the same $2,124.70 monthly payments. (Exhibit 1,
           page 4, paragraphs A)

           Hence, the short fall [sic] in the moneys raised by the sale of
           personal property was added to the installment agreement
           and the monthly installments were to be extended.
No. 15AP-404                                                                  5

           The Repayment Agreement contained a Periodic Payments
           clause. It reads as follows:

           E. Periodic Payments. John A. Ducharme will make monthly
           payments toward the satisfaction of Reitter's out-of-pocket
           expenses as follows:

           $100,000.00, with interest at the rate of ten percent (10%)
           per annum, payable $2,124.70 per month commencing
           June 1, 1998 and continuing for 60 months.

           All payments to be made pursuant to this Agreement shall be
           made by ordinary United States mail, postage prepaid, or
           some other similar or more reliable method, addressed to
           Reitter's regular place of Business. Payment shall be mailed
           on or before the first day of the month.

           In the event John A. Ducharme is more that 15 calendar days
           late in making any payment due to Reitter under the terms of
           this Agreement, Reitter may, in addition to any other right it
           may have hereunder, at its option, accelerate the debt, making
           the unpaid balance of the debt immediately due and owing.
           (Exhibit 1, page 5, paragraphs E)

           The Repayment Agreement did not contain any obligation to
           provide a periodic accounting.

           In December of 1999, the Plaintiff did submit an accounting to
           the Defendant's then attorney. (See Plaintiff's Exhibit 4) The
           Defendant testified that he did receive the accounting during
           that time period.

           Exhibit 4 established that the Plaintiff had added $60,436.86
           to the balance of the note. That was the shortfall from the sale
           of the personal property. Therefore, the Plaintiff was
           extending the monthly payments until such time as the total
           was paid.

           Exhibit 4 also contained a document that was titled Payments
           Received from John Ducharme Personal Property only. That
           document showed how the Plaintiff was calculating the
           shortfall from the personal property. Again the evidence
           established that the Defendant had the Plaintiff's calculation
           in 1999 or early 2000.

           Defendant admitted that he did not respond to that email nor
           did he contest the Plaintiff's numbers at that time.
No. 15AP-404                                                                    6

           The Defendant testified that he did finally contest Plaintiff's
           calculation in 2003. The Defendant testified that the
           triggering event was an inquiry from the IRS to the
           Defendant. The Defendant testified that the IRS inquiry
           related to his prior under reported income during the years he
           was converting the Plaintiff's money. Hence, the Defendant
           testified that the first time he informed the Plaintiff of his
           interpretation of the balance owed was in 2003.

           Plaintiff's Exhibits 5 - 7 showed that the Plaintiff never
           changed its position; i.e., the Defendant was not entitled to
           any type of credit to the outstanding obligation from the
           proceeds of the Defendant's forfeited 401(K) plan.

           The evidence showed that the Defendant did not make some
           of his monthly payments during the later years of the
           agreement. The Defendant made only 8 monthly payments in
           2004; 7 monthly payments in 2005; and only 6 monthly
           payments in 2006, 07 and 08. (See Exhibit 9)

           The Defendant then submitted a payment in the amount of
           $1,139.90 in April of 2009. On the reverse side of the check, in
           the area for endorsements, the Defendant unilaterally added
           the words: Final Payment. (See Exhibit E)

           The Plaintiff did not cash the check.

           The Repayment Agreement contains the following clause:

           I. Consent Judgment. John A. Ducharme agrees to execute a
           consent judgment for wrongful conversion in the amount of
           $1,147,852. Such consent judgment shall be held by Arter &
           Hadden and may be filed only after the occurrence of one or
           more of the events set forth in paragraph G, above. John A.
           Ducharme hereby waives the application of any applicable
           statute of limitations. . . . . (Exhibit 1, page 8, paragraphs I.)

           The evidence established that Arter & Hadden was the law
           firm that represented the Plaintiff in 1998.

           The Repayment Agreement contains the following language
           from paragraph G:

           In the event of the nonpayment of any obligation in
           accordance with the terms of this Agreement . . . ., John A.
           Ducharme . . . agree that the consideration for this Agreement
           shall have failed and that Reitter shall thereupon be entitled to
No. 15AP-404                                                                          7

              pursue any and all of its claims, rights and remedies at law or
              in equity. (Exhibit 1, page 7, paragraphs G)

              The Repayment Agreement also contains the following
              language:

              P. Independent Legal Counsel. The undersigned acknowledge,
              represent and agree that they have read this Agreement, that
              they fully understand the terms hereof, and that they have
              been fully advised by their legal counsel with respect thereto.

              Exhibit 11 established the amounts received by the Plaintiff
              from the Defendant. The Plaintiff has received and or been
              paid a total of $376,407.84 as of March 2009.

(Emphasis sic.) (Oct. 23, 2014 Magistrate's Decision, 3-6.)
       {¶ 8} On the specific topic of whether there was a valid contract, the magistrate
found, and the trial court agreed, as follows:
              The Plaintiff proceeded at the Bench Trial to establish the
              existence of a contract; i.e., the Repayment Agreement. The
              Plaintiff established the terms of that agreement and the fact
              that the Defendant breached the agreement when the
              Defendant stopped paying on the debt in April of 2009.

              ***

              The Defendant asserted in his pleadings and at the hearing
              that he signed the Repayment Agreement under duress. He
              claimed that the Plaintiff had secured his personal property by
              a prejudgment attachment motion and that he signed the
              document due to the financial hardship he was in. Of course,
              this is a claim he advanced for the first time in 2009 some 11
              years after entering into the Repayment Agreement.

              As noted, the Repayment Agreement had a clause that
              indicated that the Defendant was signing with advice of
              counsel. * * * [T]he Defendant at the hearing claimed he was
              under duress because he had been caught stealing, and the
              loss of the proceeds of his ill gotten gains had put him into a
              financial and legal bind.

              [T]he Defendant failed to establish any credible legal evidence
              to establish his duress claim.

(Oct. 23, 2014 Magistrate's Decision, 7, 16.)
No. 15AP-404                                                                       8

       {¶ 9} On the topic of attorney fees, the magistrate made the following factual
findings:
              The Plaintiff asserted that it should be awarded its attorney
              fees associated with the presentment of its claim. The Plaintiff
              offered the testimony of Mr. Welin and Exhibit 12 that had the
              attached billing statements. The billing statements begin in
              2009 following the Defendant's breach. The Plaintiff is
              asserting a claim for $25,420.25 in fees and $1,590.46 in
              litigation expense. Mr. Welin testified to the fees, the necessity
              of those fees and the reasonableness of the fees in this
              community. Mr. Welin's testimony at trial, and as contained
              within his affidavit (Exhibit 12) was uncontested by the
              Defendant.

(Oct. 23, 2014 Magistrate's Decision, 11-12.)
III. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
       {¶ 10} Ducharme advances seven assignments of error for our review:
              I. The trial court erred when it denied the Defendant-
              Appellant's Motion to Compel the Production of Documents
              from the Appellee.

              II. The trial court erred when it failed to evaluate and
              determine the intent of the contracting parties after hearing
              relevant evidence and testimony.

              III. The trial court erred in finding that the Repayment
              Agreement was unambiguous.

              IV. The trial court erred in allowing a consent judgment
              against Appellant when the entire agreed upon amount in the
              Repayment Agreement was paid in full to Reitter Stucco,
              which was supported by the manifest weight of evidence and
              testimony at trial.

              V. The trial court erred when it did not thoroughly evaluate
              the matter of duress upon the Appellant in executing the
              Repayment Agreement and the Consent Judgment.

              VI. The trial court erred in its calculation of the judgment
              amount and application of payment made by the Appellant.

              VII. The trial Court erred in awarding the Appellee attorney
              fees of $10,172.10 and litigation costs of $1,590.46.

(Emphasis sic.)
No. 15AP-404                                                                              9

IV. DISCUSSION

   A. First Assignment of Error – Whether the Trial Court Erred in Failing to
      Grant Ducharme's Motion to Compel

        {¶ 11} "A trial court enjoys broad discretion in the regulation of discovery, and an
appellate court will not reverse a trial court's decision to sustain or overrule a motion to
compel discovery absent an abuse of discretion." Coryell v. Bank One Trust Co., N.A.,
10th Dist. No. 07AP-766, 2008-Ohio-2698, ¶ 47, citing 513 East Rich St. Co. v. McGreevy,
10th Dist. No. 02AP-1207, 2003-Ohio-2487, ¶ 10.
        {¶ 12} Civ.R. 37(E) provides:
              Before filing a motion authorized by this rule, the party shall
              make a reasonable effort to resolve the matter through
              discussion with the attorney, unrepresented party, or person
              from whom discovery is sought. The motion shall be
              accompanied by a statement reciting the efforts made to
              resolve the matter in accordance with this section.

(Emphasis added.) As the trial court correctly determined, Ducharme's motion did not
include a statement reciting efforts made, if any, to resolve the matter before filing the
motion to compel. Hence, the trial court observed the requirements of Civ.R. 37 and
acted within its discretion in denying the motion. Ducharme's first assignment of error is
overruled.
   B. Second and Third Assignments of Error – Whether the Trial Court
      Erred in Interpreting the Repayment Agreement

        {¶ 13} Ducharme argues that the trial court erred in determining that the
repayment agreement was unambiguous and that it should have considered the intent of
the parties in interpreting the repayment agreement as established by extrinsic evidence.
Because Ducharme failed to obtain a transcript, we address only the assignments of error
that "are based solely on questions of law." Corbin at ¶ 6; Ramsey at ¶ 18. Construction
of a contract is an issue of law, which permits us to address these two assignments of
error. See, e.g., Taylor Bldg. Corp. of Am. v. Benfield, 117 Ohio St. 3d 352, 2008-Ohio-
938, ¶ 38, citing Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co. v. Guman Bros. Farm, 73 Ohio St. 3d 107,
108 (1995) ("contract interpretation, a question of law, is reviewed de novo").
        {¶ 14} Ducharme's argument about intent does not account for the parol evidence
rule:
No. 15AP-404                                                                              10

              The parol evidence rule is a principle of substantive law
              providing that " 'a writing intended by the parties to be a final
              embodiment of their agreement cannot be modified by
              evidence of earlier or contemporaneous agreements that
              might add to, vary, or contradict the writing.' * * * The rule
              'operates to prevent a party from introducing extrinsic
              evidence of negotiations that occurred before or while the
              agreement was being reduced to its final written form,' * * *
              and it 'assumes that the formal writing reflects the parties'
              minds at a point of maximum resolution and, hence, that
              duties and restrictions that do not appear in the written
              document * * * were not intended by the parties to survive.' "

Williams v. Spitzer Autoworld Canton, L.L.C., 122 Ohio St. 3d 546, 2009-Ohio-3554, ¶ 26
(Cupp, J., concurring), quoting Bellman v. Am. Internatl. Group, 113 Ohio St. 3d 323,
2007-Ohio-2071, ¶ 7, quoting Black's Law Dictionary 1149-50 (8th Ed.2004). In other
words, the rule provides that, " ' "absent fraud, mistake or other invalidating cause, the
parties' final written integration of their agreement may not be varied, contradicted or
supplemented by evidence of prior or contemporaneous oral agreements, or prior written
agreements." ' " Id. at ¶ 12, quoting Galmish v. Cicchini, 90 Ohio St. 3d 22, 27 (2000),
quoting Williston on Contracts (4th Ed.1999), 569-70, Section 33:4.          "The principal
purpose of the parol evidence rule is to protect the integrity of written contracts." Id. "By
prohibiting evidence of parol agreements, the rule seeks to ensure the stability,
predictability, and enforceability of finalized written instruments." Id. As the court
further explained:
              An "integration" for these purposes is "[t]he full expression of
              the parties' agreement, so that all earlier agreements are
              superseded, the effect being that neither party may later
              contradict or add to the contractual terms." Black's Law
              Dictionary (9th Ed.2009) 880. If an integration is a "complete
              integration," then it fully expresses the intent of the parties,
              and parol evidence is inadmissible. Id. On the other hand, if
              an integration is a "partial integration," then it does not fully
              express the parties' intent, and "[p]arol (extrinsic) evidence is
              admissible to clear up ambiguities with respect to the terms
              that are not integrated." Id.

Williams at ¶ 28 (Cupp, J., concurring).

       {¶ 15} Here the repayment agreement was, by its own terms, a fully integrated
agreement. It provided:
No. 15AP-404                                                                            11

             R. Entire Understanding. This Agreement contains the entire
             Release and Agreement between the parties. The terms of the
             Agreement are contractual and are not mere recitals and may
             be modified only by a written instrument executed by each
             and all parties.

(Mar. 20, 2012 Complaint, exhibit A, 11.)      Thus, the repayment agreement is to be
interpreted according to its terms, not extrinsic evidence of other possible intentions or
agreements as Ducharme's argument attempts.
      {¶ 16} The terms of the repayment agreement were clear and unambiguous:
             D. Profit Sharing Forfeiture. John A. Ducharme and Anne
             Ducharme hereby forfeit any and all rights either may have in
             the Reitter profit sharing program or any successor profit
             sharing arrangement, and agree to execute such documents as
             may reasonably be required in order to cause the payment to
             Reitter of any funds standing to the account of either of them
             therein.

             E. Periodic Payments. John A. Ducharme will make monthly
             payments toward the satisfaction of Reitter's out-of-pocket
             expenses as follows:

             $100,000.00, with interest at the rate of ten percent (10%)
             per annum, payable $2,124.70 per month commencing
             June 1, 1998 and continuing for 60 months.

             All payments to be made pursuant to this Agreement shall be
             made by ordinary United States mail, postage prepaid, or
             some other similar or more reliable method, addressed to
             Reitter's regular place of business. Payment shall be mailed on
             or before the first day of the month.

             In the event John A. Ducharme is more than 15 calendar days
             late in making any payment due to Reitter under the terms of
             this Agreement, Reitter may, in addition to any other right it
             may have hereunder, at its option, accelerate the debt, making
             the unpaid balance of the debt immediately due and owing.

             F. Life Insurance. John A. Ducharme will transfer ownership
             of any and all life insurance policies to Reitter Stucco, Inc. and
             will designate Reitter Stucco, Inc. as beneficiary on any life
             insurance policies for which he has the right of designation,
             and Reitter Stucco, Inc. shall thereafter be responsible for, but
             have no obligation to make, all premium payments upon such
             insurance. Reitter Stucco, Inc. shall become the owner of all
No. 15AP-404                                                                             12

              rights, benefits, and obligations under such policies. Reitter
              Stucco, Inc. shall have the further right to purchase such
              additional life insurance upon John A. Ducharme as it may, in
              its sole discretion, deem appropriate. John A. Ducharme
              hereby irrevocably grants to Reitter Stucco, Inc. the right to
              purchase, own, control and maintain such policies of
              insurance and the designation of beneficiaries thereunder and
              agrees to execute such documents and undertake such
              actions, including physical examination, as may be necessary
              to obtain or maintain such insurance. Anne Ducharme will
              cooperate to complete any documents necessary to fulfill the
              intent of this paragraph.

(Mar. 20, 2012 Complaint, exhibit A, 5-7.) None of these terms, and no other facts,
indicate that the surrender of Ducharme's rights to his life insurance and profit sharing
accounts are in any way to be credited against the periodic payments to be made pursuant
to part E of the repayment agreement.
       {¶ 17} Ducharme argues that there is no other obligation set forth in the contract
to which the surrender of profit sharing and life insurance can be credited. However,
Ducharme's argument ignores the fact that the Repayment Agreement concerns damages
suffered by Reitter as a result of what he "does not dispute * * * that he wrongfully
converted * * * $654,315" and that "John A. Ducharme agrees to pay Reitter as set forth
herein[.]" (Mar. 20, 2012 Complaint, exhibit A, 2.) Only after that recitation were specific
payments addressed in the repayment agreement, including, the "periodic payments"
quoted above, liquidation of specific personal and real property, and also the surrender of
his life insurance and profit sharing account. The surrender of his insurance and profit
sharing account were reparations in part, in addition to the other payment obligations for
damages suffered by Reitter by Ducharme's embezzlement. There is no basis for this
court to find that the surrender of the insurance and profit sharing account were to be
understood as anything other than two of several negotiated means for Ducharme to
compensate Reitter for damages caused by Ducharme's potentially criminal conduct.
       {¶ 18} Ducharme's second and third assignments of error are overruled.
   C. Assignments of Error Four, Five, Six, and Seven – Whether the Trial
      Court Erred in Making Factual Findings Regarding the Extent of
      Payments Made by Ducharme, Ducharme's Claimed Duress, and the
      Entitlement to Attorney Fees
No. 15AP-404                                                                            13

       {¶ 19} Ducharme argues that his theory that the agreement was paid in full was
supported by the "manifest weight of evidence and testimony at trial." (Ducharme's Brief,
27.)   He also argues that the magistrate failed to thoroughly evaluate the factual
circumstances indicating duress and that, instead, the magistrate wrongfully likened him
to a thief who complains that the repossession of his ill-gotten gains put him under duress
or one who has murdered his parents but seeks mercy from the court because he is an
orphan.     Finally, Ducharme suggests the trial court erred in its calculation of the
payments made by Ducharme as an offset against the consent judgment and Reitter's
potential legal fees in recovering its damages from Ducharme's conduct.
       {¶ 20} We find these matters to be factual questions that were resolved by the
magistrate and the trial court. Because Ducharme has not provided us with a transcript
we are unable to review these assignments of error. Ramsey at ¶ 18; Corbin at ¶ 5-6.
       {¶ 21} Thus, we overrule Ducharme's fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh assignments
of error.
V. CONCLUSION
       {¶ 22} Accordingly, we overrule Ducharme's seven assignments of error and affirm
the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
                                                                      Judgment affirmed.

                      SADLER and LUPER SCHUSTER, JJ., concur.