Court Opinion

ID: 4292899
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-07-10 19:06:38.983628+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:37:54.380045
License: Public Domain

J-S78024-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 JO ANN BUSKEY, INDIVIDUALLY          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 AND AS ADMINISTRATRIX OF THE         :        PENNSYLVANIA
 ESTATE OF ROBERT E. BUSKEY, JR.,     :
 DECEASED                             :
                                      :
                                      :
              v.                      :
                                      :
                                      :   No. 734 WDA 2017
 KUKURIN CONTRACTING, INC., A         :
 PENNSYLVANIA CORPORATION;            :
 SAKAI AMERICA MANUFACTURING,         :
 INC., A/K/A SAKAI AMERICA, INC.,     :
 A GEORGIA CORPORATION AND            :
 SAKAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, INC.,        :
 A/K/A SAKAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES,        :
 LTD., A FOREIGN CORPORATION          :
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: FEDERATED MUTUAL          :
 INSURANCE COMPANY AND EXPORT         :
 FUEL COMPANY, INC.                   :

                   Appeal from the Order April 21, 2017
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County Civil Division at
                           No(s): 3530 of 2013

BEFORE:    OLSON, J., DUBOW, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.:                            FILED JULY 10, 2018

     Appellants, Federated Mutual Insurance Company and Export Fuel

Company, Inc., appeal from the April 21, 2017 Order entered in the

Westmoreland County Court of Common Pleas affirming the November 18,

2016 Order approving the Petition to Compromise and Settle Wrongful Death

and Survival Action, and apportioning the settlement amount. After careful

review, we affirm.

____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S78024-17

        On August 28, 2012, an asphalt roller fatally injured Robert E. Buskey,

Jr. (“Decedent”) in the course of his employment at Export Fuel Company. Jo

Ann Buskey, Decedent’s widow (“Appellee”), filed a wrongful death and

survival action against Defendants Kukurin Contracting, Inc. and Sakai

America Manufacturing, Inc. The parties reached a settlement prior to trial,

whereby Sakai agreed to pay Appellee $475,000, and Kukurin agreed to pay

her $425,000.

        Appellant, Federated Mutal Insurance Co. (“Federated”), is Appellant

Export Fuel Company’s workers’ compensation insurance carrier. At the time

the parties settled the case, Appellant Federated had paid $101,705.72 in

workers’ compensation death benefits to Appellee. Thus, pursuant to Section

319 of the Workers’ Compensation Act (the “Act”),1 Appellant Federated holds

a subrogation lien against the economic damages portion of any settlement

Appellee receives.

        On November 11, 2016, Appellee filed a Petition to Compromise and

Settle Wrongful Death and Survival Action seeking the trial court’s permission

to allocate the settlement proceeds and to make distributions to Appellee and

the adult children she shared with Decedent. On November 18, 2016, the trial

court granted Appellee’s Petition and allocated the settlement as follows: (1)

$420,000 in equal shares to each of the adult children as wrongful death

damages and not subject to the worker’s compensation lien; (2) $360,000 to

____________________________________________

1   77 P.S. § 671.

                                           -2-
J-S78024-17

Appellee for her loss of Decedent’s services, comfort, support, society, and

affection, and not subject to the workers’ compensation lien; and (3)

$120,000 to Appellee for the loss of Decedent’s financial support and subject

to the worker’s compensation lien.2 Trial Ct. Order, 11/18/16, at 1-2.

       On November 28, 2016, Appellants filed a Motion for Reconsideration of

the Order approving the proposed distribution, arguing that the allocation “is

essentially intended and designed to eliminate or reduce the Employer’s pool

of subrogable monies and future credit against the balance and recovery”

pursuant to the Act. Motion, dated 11/28/16, at ¶ 6. Appellants urged the

court to reconsider its allocation of $120,000 of Appellee’s settlement to

economic damages when Appellee’s economic-loss expert, Dr. Matthew R.

Marlin, had opined that, at a minimum, Appellee had suffered $485,000 in

economic damages resulting from Decedent’s lost income. Id. at 8.

       The trial court granted Appellants’ Motion for Reconsideration and held

a hearing on February 2, 2017. Appellee and her five adult children testified

at the hearing. Appellants did not present any witnesses at the hearing. The

parties stipulated to the admission of Dr. Marlin’s economic-loss report.

       Following the hearing, on April 21, 2017, the court again granted

Appellee’s Petition and affirmed its November 18, 2016 Order. This timely

____________________________________________

2The court characterized 25% of Appellee’s settlement as economic damages
and 75% as non-economic damages. 100% of the settlement with Decedent’s
adult children represented non-economic damages.        Thus, of the total
settlement amount—$900,000—only 13%, i.e. $120,000, constitutes
subrogable economic damages.

                                           -3-
J-S78024-17

appeal followed. Appellants and the trial court have complied with Pa.R.A.P.

1925.

        Appellants raise the following two issues for our review:

        1. Whether the proposed allocation of the settlement proceeds to
        [Appellee] had a reasonable basis and was consistent with the
        evidentiary record offered in this matter at the February 2, 2017
        hearing, wherein the [t]rial [c]ourt abused its discretion and/or
        committed an error of law in not applying the report of Matthew
        R. Marlin, Ph.D, which reflected that the Decedent’s death resulted
        in loss of net income attributable the Decedent’s death greater
        than the 25% settlement apportionment approved by the Order
        of Court dated November 18, 2016.

        2. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt, by granting Appellee’s Petition for
        Approval to Compromise and Settle Plaintiff’s Wrongful Death and
        survival Action erred as a matter of law and/or abused its
        discretion by failing to adequately apply and uphold the Superior
        Court ruling in Urmann v. Rockwood Casualty Insurance
        Company, 905 A.2d 513 (Pa. Super. 2006) that requires a [c]ourt
        to ensure the allocation of a settlement is a fair apportionment
        based on the facts, as distinguished from whether the
        apportionment was allocated not based on facts but designed to
        maximize [ ] recovery to the plaintiffs at the expense of a workers’
        compensation lien, thereby reducing the employer’s future credit
        against future installments of a wage loss compensation due to be
        paid [Appellee].

Appellants’ Brief at 5-6.

        Although Appellants provide two issues in their Statement of Questions

Involved, they fail to address them in the manner required by our rules of

appellate procedure.     Rather than addressing the issues specifically raised

                                       -4-
J-S78024-17

above, as required by Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a),3 Appellants provide us with a primer

on an employer’s right to subrogation, the Workers Compensation Act, and

the difference between loss of consortium and wrongful death, before arguing

that the court misapplied Urmann v. Rockwood Casualty Insurance

Company, 905 A.2d 513 (Pa. Super. 2006). Appellants aver that “this Court

should give greater weight to the opinions of Dr. Marlin—the economic expert

Appellee intended to rely on in the civil liability action—to support an allocation

of at least 44% of Mrs. Buskey’s total settlement toward economic damages

with 56% to emotional and/or loss of household services.” Appellants’ Brief

at 24.    Appellants also assert that in allocating only 25% of Appellee’s

settlement to economic damages, the court “subverts the tenants [sic]

outlined by the holding in Baus [v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal

Board (Nelson Co. et al.), 585 A.2d 573 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1991)]” so that the

allocation “prematurely returns the burden of the payment of lost earnings to

the Appellants to compensate Appellee for economic damages caused by the

civil action defendants.”       Id at 25.4       Distilled to its essence, Appellants’

____________________________________________

3Rule 2119(a) requires an appellant’s brief to “be divided into as many parts
as there are questions to be argued[.]”

4Appellants fail to describe what the Baus tenets are and provide no analysis
of Baus as it relates to the facts of this case. “[I]t is an appellant’s duty to
present arguments that are sufficiently developed for our review … with
pertinent discussion [and] references to the record[.]” Commonwealth v.
Hardy, 918 A.2d 766, 771 (Pa. Super. 2007). This Court “will not act as
counsel and will not develop arguments on behalf of an appellant.” Id. Issues

                                           -5-
J-S78024-17

argument seems to be that the court did not weigh the evidence in a manner

that would render an allocation of the settlement proceeds “equitable” with

respect to their subrogation lien.

       This Court reviews a trial court’s order approving or denying a

settlement agreement for an abuse of discretion. Dauphin Deposit Bank

and Trust Co. v. Hess, 727 A.2d 1076, 1080 (Pa. 1999).             However, our

standard of review “is plenary as to questions of law.” Urmann, 905 A.2d at

518 (citations omitted). “We will overturn the trial court’s decision only when

the court’s factual findings are contrary to the weight of the evidence or when

its legal conclusions are erroneous. Id.

       In considering the allocation and apportionment of settlement proceeds,

the trial court is responsible for ensuring that the allocation represents “a fair

apportionment based on the facts of the case,” and not a purposeful

subversion of the right of the workers’ compensation insurer to collect on its

subrogation lien. Id. at 523 (emphasis added).

       In Urmann, the plaintiffs’ workers’ compensation insurance carrier

opposed the settlement of the plaintiffs’ tort claim allocating over 80% of the

plaintiffs’ recovery to the loss of consortium claim, which would not be subject

to its workers’ compensation subrogation lien. Following a hearing, at which

____________________________________________

not developed in the argument section of a brief are waived. Harkins v.
Calumet Realty Co., 614 A.2d 699, 703 (Pa. Super. 1992). Accordingly,
Appellant has waived any issues reliant on directives or holdings provided in
Baus.

                                           -6-
J-S78024-17

the plaintiffs presented three witnesses and the carrier presented none, the

trial court confirmed the settlement agreement.        On appeal, this Court

affirmed the trial court, holding that the apportionment of settlement funds is

appropriate when it is “based on a good faith attempt to apportion the claim

based on the facts, rather than on a motivation intended to, and designed to,

or motivated to eliminate or reduce unconscionably, a subrogation lien.”

Urmann, 905 A.2d at 518.

      Appellants contend that because the expert report, admitted on

stipulation, opined on Appellee’s minimum economic damages, the trial court

misapplied Urmann in affirming the apportionment of damages suggested by

Appellee. See Appellants’ Brief at 24. We disagree.

      Our review of the record and the trial court’s Opinion indicates that the

court considered all of the evidence presented before concluding that “the

75/25 settlement apportionment between the wrongful death action and the

survival action was based on a good faith attempt to apportion the claim based

on the facts.” Trial Ct. Op., 4/21/17, at 5. Like Urmann, the court heard

significant   testimony   about   the   non-economic   damages    suffered   by

Decedent’s wife and children. As Urmann instructs, the court weighed all of

the evidence, including the expert’s report, which “[did] not take into account

the value of [Decedent’s] support, comfort, society, affection, guidance, and

companionship which, in these circumstances, were significant aspects of

[Decedent’s] contribution to his wife and children.” Trial Ct. Op., at 5. The

                                        -7-
J-S78024-17

court concluded that the non-economic losses “far outweighed the loss of

earned income occasioned by [Decedent’s] death.” Id. Our review of the

record supports the conclusion that the apportionment is based on a “good

faith attempt to apportion the claim based on the facts.” Urmann, supra at

518. There is no evidence that the court or Appellee attempted “to eliminate

or reduce unconscionably, a subrogation lien.” Id.5

       Following our review of the certified record and relevant case law, we

conclude that the court’s factual findings are supported by the weight of the

evidence and its legal conclusions are correct.     The Honorable Richard E.

McCormick, Jr., who presided at the hearing, has authored a comprehensive,

thorough, and well-reasoned Opinion, citing to the record and relevant case

law in addressing Appellants’ challenge to the apportionment of Appellee’s

settlement. After careful review of the parties’ arguments and the record, we

affirm on the basis of the trial court’s Opinion. See Trial Ct. Op., 4/21/17, at

3-6 (concluding that: (1) Appellee presented compelling and undisputed

evidence outlining the extent to which Decedent’s death had a direct and

indirect economic and non-economic impact on his family; (2) the record is

replete with evidence of the non-pecuniary benefits offered by Decedent to

his family; (3) Dr. Marlin’s figures did not take into account the value of

Decedent’s significant non-economic contribution to Appellee, which far

____________________________________________

5 Likewise, contrary to Appellants’ contention, there is no evidence that the
trial court held “disdain for the Appellants.” Appellants’ Brief at 28.

                                           -8-
J-S78024-17

outweighed the loss of his earned income; and (4) the apportionment of the

settlement is based on a good faith attempt to apportion the claim based on

the facts, rather than on a motivation intended to eliminate or reduce

unconscionably a subrogation lien.)

      The parties are instructed to attach a copy of the trial court’s April 21,

2017 Opinion to all future filings.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/10/2018

                                      -9-
                                                   Received 6/5/2017 3:49:37 PIVCilup   ed06611312kettbitti1911FIM

                                                       Filed 6/5/2017 3:49:37 PM Superior Court Western District
                                                                                                734 WDA 2017

    IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY,
                COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

                                   CIVIL DIVISION

JO ANN BUSKEY, Individually and as
Administratrix of the ESTATE OF
ROBERT E. BUSKEY, JR., DECEASED,

        Plaintiffs,

               vs.                                          No. 3530 of 2013

KUKURIN CONTRACTING, INC.,
a Pennsylvania Corporation; SAKAI
AMERICA MANUFACTURING, INC., a/kJa
SAKAI AMERICA, INC., a Georgia Corporation;
and SAKAI HEAVY INDUS PRIES, INC.,
a/k/a SAKAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.,
a Foreign Corporation,

       Defendants.

                          OPINION and ORDER OF COURT

By President Judge Richard E. McCormick, Jr.:

       This matter is before the Court on the objection of the worker's compensation lieu

holder, Federated Mutual Insurance Company ("Federated"), to this Court's Order dated

November 18, 2016, which grants Plaintiff's Petition to Compromise and Settle a

Wrongful Death and Survival Action. Federated's objection focuses on the proposed

apportionment of settlement proceeds as between the wrongful death and survival action,

arguing that allocating 25% of Mrs. Buskey's total proceeds toward economic damages

and 75% to emotional damages and loss of household services is intended to eliminate or

substantially reduce the employer's pool of subrogable monies and future credit against
the recovery available under 77 Pa.C,S, section 617 and section 319 of the Pennsylvania

Workers' Compensation Act.

        Federated, pursuant to its obligation under the Pennsylvania Workers'

Compensation Act ("the Act"), has paid and continues to pay death benefits to the widow

of the Decedent as a result of the work -related death of Robert E. Buskey, Jr., on August

28, 2012. As of the date when the parties reached a settlement in this case, Federated had

paid $101,705.72 in workers' compensation benefits to Mrs. Buskey, constituting a

recoverable lien pursuant to section 319 of the Act.

        On November 11, 2016, the Estate of Robert Buskey filed a petition seeking this

Court's permission to allocate the settlement proceeds received from the Defendants in

the third party action, as well as to make distributions to the Decedent's widow and adult

children under the wrongful death and survival actions. The total settlement is $900,000,

with $420,000 compensating Decedent's children and $480,000 compensating

Decedent's widow. Specifically, the Estate proposed, and this Court agreed, that

$120,000 of Mrs. Buskey's $480,000 settlement be compensation for "loss of financial

support," thereby making $120,000 subject to the employer's statutory lien. The

Employer, through its insurance carrier, Federated, objects to the apportionment of the

remaining 75% of the widow's allocated settlement - $360,000 - as compensation under

the wrongful death action. Employer maintains that this apportionment offers a

disproportionate allocation of compensation toward Mrs. Buskey's loss of comfort,

support, affection and household services suffered as a result of the death of her husband,

and that it unjustifiably diminishes the pool of funds available to the employer's

subrogation interests.

                                             2
         The Superior Court's holding in Urmann      v.   Rockwood Casualty Insurance Co.,

905 A.2d 513 (Pa.Super. 2006), states:

                  It is the responsibility of the Court to make sure that the allocation [of the
          settlement] ,.. is a fair apportionment based on the facts of the case as
          distinguished from whether the apportionment is allocated not based on facts but
          designed only to maximize the net recovery to the (Plaintiffs) at the expense of
          the workers' compensation subrogation lien. (Id. at 523.)

         Accordingly, we held an evidentiary hearing on February 2, 2017, for the purpose

of taking testimony and receiving evidence on the issue of the fair apportionment of

damages.

         The Plaintiffs presented compelling and undisputed evidence outlining the extent

to which the Decedent's death had a direct and indirect economic and non -economic

impact on his family. In fact, even Federated and the Employer characterized the

Plaintiffs' evidence as "detailed, heart wrenching, and compelling testimony from the

decedent's survivors regarding the substantial household services performed by Mr.

Buskey." (See Federated Mutual Insurance Company and Export Fuel Company, Inc, 's

Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law in Response to Plaintiff's Petition to

Compromise and Settle Wrongful Death and Survival Action, paragraph 18.) In footnote

1   to paragraph 24, Federated continues: "The testimony offered by Mr. Buskey's adult

children clearly outline his generous assistance with home repairs, transportation

services, child care, automotive repairs, and appliance repairs. The record also reflects

ample evidence of Mr. Buskey's non -pecuniary benefits such as comfort, society,

affection and guidance." Finally, Federated concedes that "...the adult children Plaintiff

produced evidence sufficient to qualify an entitlement to recover under the Wrongful

                                                 3
Death Act and thereby preclude their settlement proceeds from being subjected to the

Employer's subrogation interests."

       Likewise, the Plaintiff Wife/Mother testified at length about her relationship with

her husband and the impact of his death. At the time of his death, they had been married

for 35 years, (February 2, 2017, Hearing Transcript, pp. 93-96, hereinafter "HT 93-96.")

They raised five children together. (HT 97.) Mr. Buskey was only alive long enough to

know five of his eight grandchildren. (HT 97.) The loss of her husband had an impact on

Mrs. Buskey in every way, both physically and emotionally. (HT 101-102.) On that

topic, she said: "... [H]e was the kind of person that no matter what you were doing, he

dropped everything ... to help you with anything, I don't care what it was. He would

drop what he was doing to help me." (HT 101.) He built up her confidence and helped

her make decisions, as she candidly confessed that she is unsure of herself. He taught

her. (HT 102.) He was capable of maintaining their property and home in ways that she

is unable to do herself. (HT 102.) As a further consequence, she is depressed a lot, and

feels inadequate. She gives her children emotional support, but feels like she "can't be

that grand person that he was." (HT 107.) He was the kind of companion who made her

tea and ran her bath for her when she came home after a long day at work. (HT 116.)

She described them as "a team." (HT 117.) As Mrs. Buskey enters her senior years, she

is without the daily support, comfort, society, affection, guidance, and companionship of

a man she depended   upon for a significant portion of her life. In other words, the loss of

Robert Buskey in Jo Ann Buskey's life is significant.

       The parties agreed to the admission of a Report entitled "The Economic Loss

Resulting From the Death of Robert Buskey," dated July 3, 2014, and prepared by

                                              4
Matthew R. Marlin, Ph.D., Professor of Economics at Duquesne University, Pittsburgh,

PA. Dr. Marlin calculated that Mr. Buskey's death resulted in a net income loss of

$377,628, and that Mrs. Buskey's loss of future household services was worth $481,072.

In other words, 44% of the combined loss of $858,700 is attributable to the net income

loss and 56% is attributable to the loss of household services.

        Federated relies upon Dr. Marlin's percentage allocation (44/56) as a basis to

argue that the ratio of economic to non -economic loss should be 50/50. We believe this

reasoning is flawed. Dr. Marlin's figures do not take into account the value of Mr.

Buskey's support, comfort, society, affection, guidance, and companionship, which, in

these circumstances, were significant aspects of Mr. Buskey's contribution to his wife

and children. Although we will not attempt to quantify that loss as an exact percentage,

we do find, based upon the uncontroverted and overwhelming testimony that was

presented, that a significant part of Mrs. Buskey's loss was for non-economic losses and

loss of household services, and that comparatively speaking, these losses far outweighed

the loss of earned income occasioned by Mr. Buskey's death. As the court in Spangler v.

Helm 's New York -Pittsburgh Motor Exp., 153 A.2d 490, 492 (Pa. 1959), so colorfully

said, " The fact that there is no mathematical formula whereby compassionately bestowed

benefits can be converted into a precise number of bank notes does not mean that the

tortfeasor will be excused from making suitable reimbursement for their loss."

       Based upon the foregoing, we find the 75/25 settlement apportionment between

the wrongful death action and the survival action is based on a good faith attempt to

apportion the claim based on the facts, rather than on a motivation intended to eliminate

                                             5
or reduce unconscionably a subrogation lien. Accordingly, we affirm the Settlement

Petition and Order of Court dated November 18, 2016, as proposed.

                                           6
    IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY,
                COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

                                    CIVIL DIVISION

JO ANN BUSKEY, Individually and as
Administratrix of the ESTATE OF
ROBERT E. BUSKEY, JR., DECEASED,

        Plaintiffs,

               vs.                                          No. 3530 of 2013

KUKURIN CONTRACTING, INC.,
a Pennsylvania Corporation; SAKAI
AMERICA MANUFACTURING, INC., a/k/a
SAKAI AMERICA, INC., a Georgia Corporation;
and SAKAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, INC.,
a/k/a SAKAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.,
a Foreign Corporation,

       Defendants.

                                  ORDER OF COURT
       AND NOW, to wit, this     2.1   day of April, 2017, after a hearing on Federated

Mutual Insurance Company's and Export Fuel Company Inc.'s Motion for

Reconsideration of our ruling on their objection to Plaintiff's Petition to Compromise and

Settle Wrongfid Death and Survival Action, and based upon the rationale contained in the

foregoing Opinion, it is hereby ORDERED and DECREED that the Petition to

Compromise and Settle Wrongful Death and Survival Action and Order of Court dated

November 18, 2016, are AFFIRMED and the relief requested in Federated Mutual

Insurance Company's and Export Fuel Company Inc.'s Motion is DENIED.

       FURTHER, in accord with Pa.R.C.P. No. 236(a)(2) and (b), the Prothonotary is

                                            7
DIRECTED to note in the docket that the individual(s) listed below have been given

notice of this Order.

ATTEST:

Prothonotary

cc:    Jeffrey T. Strittmatter, Esq. - for Federated Mutual & Export Fuel
       Bernard P. Matthews, Esq., Thomas Pellis, Esq., & Shane Sarver, Esq. -
               for the Plaintiffs
       Terry L.M. Bashline, Esq. - for the Defendant Kukurin
       William J. Ricci, Esq., Frank Burns, Esq. - for the Defendants Sakai America and
                Sakai Japan
       Leslie Mlakar, Esq. - for the Plaintiff

                                           8