Court Opinion

ID: 1076394
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:18:47.224245+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:54:53.509040
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Baker, Bray and Overton
Argued at Norfolk, Virginia

RICHARD JAMES SELL and
 DIANE LYNN SELL
                                           MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.           Record No. 2946-96-1          JUDGE NELSON T. OVERTON
                                              SEPTEMBER 23, 1997
BENITO MARTIN PALMARINI

         FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH
                 Morris B. Gutterman, Judge Designate
             David T. Daulton (The Berean Law Group, on
             brief), for appellants.

             No brief or argument for appellee.

     Richard J. Sell appeals from a decision of the trial court

denying his petition for adoption of Courtney Lee

Brooks-Palmarini, the natural child of Diane Sell and Benito

Palmarini.    For the reasons that follow, we reverse and remand

for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

     The parties are fully conversant with the record in the

cause, and because this memorandum opinion carries no

precedential value, we recite only those facts necessary to the

disposition of this appeal.

     In 1984 Courtney Brooks-Palmarini was born to Benito

Palmarini and Diane Brooks, now Diane Sell.       Mr. Palmarini

claimed paternity of the child, but Courtney has been in the care

of her mother since birth and has lived with both her mother and
     *
      Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
designated for publication.
Mr. Sell since they were married in 1988.    Mr. Palmarini was

awarded visitation in 1990 and was ordered to pay child support

in 1991.    The record does not give a full picture of the

relationship between Mr. Palmarini and Courtney, but the evidence

presented at trial indicates that they enjoyed a good deal of

contact.    Whatever the quality of the relationship was before

1993, it is clear that after June 1993 Courtney's feelings for

her father changed.   Subsequent to a two week summer vacation

with her father she wrote him a letter stating that "I never want

to hear from you again not even see you because I don't love you

anymore."   These negative feelings were due to friction between

Courtney and Mr. Palmarini which occurred during the vacation.
     After Courtney made her feelings known, Richard Sell filed a

petition for adoption in the City of Virginia Beach Circuit

Court.   At the adoption proceeding, the trial court took evidence

from both parties and denied the petition.   It cited Mr.

Palmarini's good record of support payments and a reluctance "to

sever ties of a blood relationship" as reasons for the denial.

Mr. Sell appeals.

     In order for an adoption to be granted, Code § 63.1-225

requires the consent of both natural parents unless an exception

applies.    Code § 63.1-225(F) creates an exception when the court

has determined that consent is withheld against the best

interests of the child.   The standard which courts must follow

when making that determination is set out in Code § 63.1-225.1

                                  2
which states in pertinent part:
          the court shall consider all relevant
          factors, including the birth parent(s)'
          efforts to obtain or maintain legal and
          physical custody of the child, whether the
          birth parent(s)' efforts to assert parental
          rights were thwarted by other people, the
          birth parent(s)' ability to care for the
          child, the age of the child, the quality of
          any previous relationship between the birth
          parent(s) and the child and between the birth
          parent(s) and any other minor children, the
          duration and suitability of the child's
          present custodial environment and the effect
          of a change of physical custody on the child.

It is in this determination that Mr. Sell ascribes error.   He

contends that the trial court failed to consider the statutorily

mandated factors when determining Courtney's best interests.

After careful consideration of the record, we agree.

     "Absent clear evidence to the contrary, we will presume that

the trial judge applied the correct standard to the facts."

Starks v. Commonwealth, 225 Va. 48, 54, 301 S.E.2d 152, 156,

(1983) (citing Yarborough v. Commonwealth, 217 Va. 971, 978, 234
S.E.2d 286, 291 (1977)).   However, in the instant case, the trial

court cited only two reasons for making its determination; Mr.

Palmarini's fulfillment of his financial obligations and his

disinclination to separate blood relatives.   While these are

important, relevant factors, they must be considered in light of

all the elements mandated by Code § 63.1-225.1.   See Hickman v.

Futty, 25 Va. App. ____, ____, ____ S.E.2d ____, ____ (1997).

Although we recognize that the trial court may, in fact, have

considered these elements, its failure to state on the record

                                 3
that they were considered constitutes "clear evidence" that the

proper standard was not applied in this case, and the petition

was prematurely denied.

     We therefore reverse the decision of the circuit court and

remand for consideration of the petition in a manner not

inconsistent with this opinion.
                                        Reversed and
                                        remanded.

                                  4