Court Opinion

ID: 4520179
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-03-27 15:03:19.579287+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:51:31.878092
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                    FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
                                                                     Mar 27 2020, 9:28 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing                              CLERK
                                                                      Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                  Court of Appeals
                                                                           and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.

APPELLANT, PRO SE                                       ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Elbert Coleman                                          Bryan K. Redmond
                                                        Feiwell & Hannoy, P.C.
                                                        Indianapolis, Indiana

                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Elbert Coleman,                                         March 27, 2020
Appellant-Defendant,                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                        19A-MF-1621
        v.                                              Appeal from the Marion Superior
                                                        Court
U.S. Bank National Association,                         The Honorable Marc T.
et al.                                                  Rothenberg, Judge
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                     Trial Court Cause No.
                                                        49D07-1007-MF-29183

Pyle, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020                 Page 1 of 11
                                          Statement of the Case
[1]   Elbert Coleman (“Coleman”), pro se, appeals the trial court’s order granting the

      motion to correct error filed by U.S Bank National Association (“U.S. Bank”).

      Coleman argues, in relevant part, that the trial court abused its discretion by

      granting U.S. Bank’s motion to correct error. Concluding that there was no

      abuse of discretion, we affirm the trial court’s order.

[2]   We affirm.

                                                         Issue
               Whether the trial court abused its discretion by granting U.S.
               Bank’s motion to correct error.

                                                        Facts1
[3]   This is the fourth appeal stemming from years of proceedings in a mortgage

      foreclosure case that was filed in Marion County in June 2010. The mortgaged

      property at issue is located on Bluffgrove Drive in Indianapolis (“the

      property”). This foreclosure action was originally filed by Chase Home

      Finance LLC, which later became JP Morgan Chase Bank (“the original

      bank”), against Michael A. Wilson (“the original mortgagor”) and numerous

      1
        We note that many of the pleadings filed in the trial court are not contained in the record before us but are
      notated in the chronological case summary. For example, Coleman’s April 2019 Rule 60(B) motion for relief
      from judgment that precipitated this current appeal is not contained in the appellate record. Pursuant to
      Evidence Rule 201(a)(2)(C), this Court may take judicial notice of records of a court of this state. Thus,
      where necessary, we will do so. We also note that Coleman has included information in his Appellant’s Brief
      that is not part of the record below. Lastly, contrary to our appellate rules, Coleman has included argument
      in his Statement of Facts and has not included citations to the appellate record for his assertions.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020                     Page 2 of 11
      other defendants,2 including “The Unknown Tenant” residing at the property.

      (Appellee’s App. Vol. 2 at 28). Coleman was later named as a defendant in

      2012 due to a land contract he had previously entered with the original

      mortgagor. U.S. Bank, as trustee for the original bank, was substituted as the

      plaintiff in 2014.

[4]   After Coleman was added as a defendant, he did not file an answer to the

      complaint. Instead, he began filing, what would become, a flurry of pro se pre-

      judgment and post-judgment motions, many of which are not contained in the

      record before us but are notated in the chronological case summary. In

      November 2012, Coleman filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and a

      counterclaim for wrongful foreclosure, arguing that the bank lacked standing

      and authority to enforce the mortgage and note. In February 2013, the trial

      court denied Coleman’s motion to dismiss, and Coleman then filed a motion to

      set aside the order denying his motion to dismiss. A few days later, he filed a

      second motion to dismiss. The trial court denied Coleman’s second motion to

      dismiss and his motion to set aside the order on the first motion to dismiss in

      March 2013, and Coleman filed an appeal that was thereafter dismissed with

      prejudice.

      2
       These other defendants—which included individuals, government entities, banks, insurance companies, and
      other companies—had previously obtained a judgment against the original mortgagor, and the original bank
      named them as defendants for any interest they might claim in the property.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020               Page 3 of 11
[5]   The trial court entered default judgment against Coleman in April 2014 (“April

      2014 Judgment”). He then filed a motion to set aside the April 2014 Judgment,

      which the trial court denied. Coleman did not appeal the April 2014 Judgment;

      instead, he filed a second motion to set aside the April 2014 Judgment. The

      trial court denied this second motion in May 2014.

[6]   Despite the judgment against him, Coleman continued to file numerous pro se

      motions. In November 2014, the trial court granted the original bank’s motion

      to substitute U.S. Bank, which was the original bank’s trustee, as the party

      plaintiff. Coleman then filed a motion to set aside the trial court’s substitution

      order, which the trial court denied.

[7]   Thereafter, in January 2015, the trial court entered summary and default

      judgment against the remaining defendants, and the trial court granted a decree

      of foreclosure. When the trial court ordered the property to be sold by the

      sheriff, it noted that U.S. Bank had a first-priority lien against the property. A

      few days later, Coleman filed a motion to reconsider, which was deemed

      denied pursuant to Trial Rule 53.4. Coleman then commenced his second

      appeal from this case, and this appeal was dismissed with prejudice.

[8]   After a date was set for the sheriff’s sale, Coleman then filed a bankruptcy

      petition, and the underlying case was stayed. Coleman’s bankruptcy petition

      was ultimately dismissed in December 2015.

[9]   In June 2016, the trial court set another date for the sheriff’s sale to take place at

      the end of July 2016. Coleman then filed a motion for relief from judgment

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020   Page 4 of 11
       pursuant to Trial Rule 60(B), arguing that the bank lacked standing and

       authority to enforce the mortgage and note and had committed fraud on the

       court. He also asserted that the bank had committed negligent

       misrepresentation, slander of title, and intentional infliction of emotional

       distress. Coleman also filed a motion for a temporary restraining order, seeking

       to enjoin the sheriff’s sale. The trial court denied both of Coleman’s motions.

[10]   The sheriff’s sale was held in July 2016, and U.S. Bank was the purchaser of the

       property. In September 2016, upon a motion for writ of assistance filed by U.S.

       Bank, the trial court granted the motion, ordering possession of the property to

       be delivered to U.S. Bank and ordering the sheriff to assist in the eviction of

       Coleman and any other person from the property.

[11]   Thereafter, Coleman filed another motion for relief from judgment, again

       arguing that the bank lacked standing and authority to enforce the mortgage

       and note and that the bank had committed fraud, negligent misrepresentation,

       slander of title, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. In this motion,

       Coleman also sought to set aside the sheriff’s sale and writ of assistance.

       Additionally, Coleman filed a motion for a temporary restraining order, an

       emergency motion to stay the writ of possession, and an emergency motion to

       set aside the eviction. The trial court denied Coleman’s motions, noting that

       Coleman’s motion for relief from judgment and motion for a temporary

       restraining order were “duplicative.” (Appellee’s App. Vol. 3 at 40). Coleman

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020   Page 5 of 11
       then commenced his third appeal from this case, and this appeal was dismissed

       with prejudice in May 2017.3

[12]   Two years later, on April 26, 2019, when a new judge was presiding over the

       trial court where the mortgage foreclosure case was pending, Coleman filed

       another Trial Rule 60(B) motion for relief from judgment. In this motion, he

       sought to set aside the April 2014 Judgment and the July 2016 sheriff’s sale with

       prejudice. Coleman again argued that the bank lacked standing to enforce the

       mortgage and note and that it had committed fraud on the court. Additionally,

       he argued that the original bank’s attorneys had violated INDIANA CODE §§ 33-

       43-1-6, -7, and -8, which pertain to the practice of law by attorneys.4

       Specifically, Coleman asserted that the attorneys for the original bank had

       3
           During the pendency of the third appeal, Coleman continued to file pro se motions with the trial court.
       4
           Section 6 of this statute provides that:
                The court or judge may:
                  (1) on motion of either party that shows reasonable grounds; or
                  (2) without a motion;
                require an attorney to produce and prove the authority under which the attorney appears. The
                court may stay all proceedings by the attorney on behalf of the party for whom the attorney
                assumes to appear until the attorney produces and proves authority to appear.
       I.C. § 33-43-1-6 (emphasis added). Section 7 provides as follows:
                If a party alleges that an attorney appears on behalf of the party without the party's authority the
                court may, at any stage of the proceedings, relieve the party from the consequences of the
                attorney's act. The court may also, summarily or upon motion, compel the attorney to repair
                the injury consequent upon the attorney's assumption of authority.
       I.C. § 33-43-1-7 (emphasis added). Lastly, Section 8 provides that:
                (a) An attorney who is guilty of deceit or collusion, or consents to deceit or collusion, with
                intent to deceive a court, judge, or party to an action or judicial proceeding commits a Class B
                misdemeanor.
                (b) A person who is injured by a violation of subsection (a) may bring a civil action for treble
                damages.
       I.C. § 33-43-1-8 (emphasis added).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020                               Page 6 of 11
       committed a fraud on the trial court because they did not have authority to

       appear for the bank and that the attorneys had deceived the trial court by

       appearing without authority to file the foreclosure action. Three days later, on

       April 29, 2019, trial court—without allowing a response from U.S. Bank or

       holding a hearing on the motion—signed Coleman’s proposed order, thereby

       granting Coleman’s 60(B) motion (“April 29 Order”).

[13]   Two weeks later, on May 14, 2019, Coleman filed a motion to amend the April

       29 Order. Specifically, he sought to add the address and property description to

       the April 29 Order. On June 4, 2019, the trial court signed Coleman’s proposed

       order and granted his motion to amend the April 29 Order (“June 4 Order”).

       The trial court, however, edited the proposed order to reflect that the prior

       judgment and sheriff’s sale were set aside and dismissed “without” prejudice.

       (App. Vol. 2 at 17).

[14]   Thereafter, on June 21, 2019, U.S. Bank filed a motion to correct error, seeking

       to have the trial court vacate the April 29 and June 4 Orders and to deny

       Coleman’s 60(B) motion for relief from judgment. In its motion, U.S. Bank

       argued that the trial court should vacate its prior orders granting relief to

       Coleman for three reasons. First, U.S. Bank pointed out that Coleman’s 60(B)

       motion was repetitive, more specifically that it was his eighth motion for relief

       from judgment in which he had made an underlying challenge to the bank’s

       authority to file the foreclosure. U.S. Bank also noted that the trial court and

       the Court of Appeals had already rejected Coleman’s argument, and it argued

       that the trial court should follow the rule of the case doctrine and vacate its

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020   Page 7 of 11
       prior orders granting relief to Coleman. Second, U.S. Bank argued that

       Coleman’s 60(B) motion, in which he sought to set aside the April 2014

       Judgment and the July 2016 sheriff’s sale based on fraud, was untimely because

       he filed it more than one year after those judgments had been entered. Third,

       U.S. Bank, citing Trial Rule 60(D),5 argued that the trial court was required to

       hold a hearing on Coleman’s 60(B) motion before granting it.

[15]   The following day, the trial court issued an order granting U.S. Bank’s motion

       to correct error (“June 22 Order”). The trial court vacated its prior April 29 and

       June 4 Orders and denied Coleman’s 60(B) motion for relief from the April

       2014 Judgment and July 2016 sheriff’s sale. In its order, the trial court also

       ordered that, pursuant to Trial Rule 53.4, any “additional motions” filed by

       Coleman would be “automatically deemed denied upon filing.” (App. Vol. 2 at

       20).

[16]   On June 26, 2019, Coleman filed a motion to correct error, which the trial court

       denied. Thereafter, on July 8, 2019, Coleman filed an amended motion to

       correct error, which the trial court also denied. Coleman now appeals.

                                                      Decision
[17]   Coleman, pro se, is appealing the trial court’s order granting U.S. Bank’s motion

       to correct error. He does not challenge the trial court’s denial of his motions to

       5
        Rule 60D) provides, in part, that “[i]n passing upon a motion allowed by [Trial Rule 60](B) . . . the court
       shall hear any pertinent evidence . . . .”

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020                      Page 8 of 11
       correct error. Our standard of review in such cases is well-established. We

       review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to correct error for an abuse of

       discretion. Old Utica School Preservation v. Utica Tp., 7 N.E.3d 327, 330 (Ind. Ct.

       App. 2014), trans. denied.

[18]   Initially, we note that Coleman proceeds pro se in this appeal.

               It is well settled that pro se litigants are held to the same legal
               standards as licensed attorneys. This means that pro se litigants
               are bound to follow the established rules of procedure and must
               be prepared to accept the consequences of their failure to do so.
               These consequences include waiver for failure to present cogent
               argument on appeal. While we prefer to decide issues on the
               merits, where the appellant’s noncompliance with appellate rules
               is so substantial as to impede our consideration of the issues, we
               may deem the alleged errors waived. We will not become an
               advocate for a party, or address arguments that are inappropriate
               or too poorly developed or expressed to be understood.

       Basic v. Amouri, 58 N.E.3d 980, 983-84 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016) (internal quotation

       marks and citations omitted), reh’g denied. See also Zavodnik v. Harper, 17 N.E.3d
259, 266 (Ind. 2014) (explaining that a “pro se litigant is held to the same

       standards as a trained attorney and is afforded no inherent leniency simply by

       virtue of being self-represented”).

[19]   Here, U.S. Bank filed a motion to correct error, arguing that the trial court

       should vacate its prior orders granting relief to Coleman and deny his 60(B)

       motion because, among other reasons: (1) Coleman’s 60(B) motion was

       repetitive because his underlying challenge to the bank’s authority to file the

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020   Page 9 of 11
       foreclosure had previously been raised multiple times and had been rejected by

       the trial court and appellate court; and (2) Coleman’s 60(B) motion, in which he

       sought to set aside the April 2014 Judgment and the July 2016 sheriff’s sale

       based on fraud, was untimely because he filed it more than one year after those

       judgments had been entered. The trial court granted U.S. Bank’s motion to

       correct error, vacated its April 29 and June 4 Orders, and denied Coleman’s

       60(B) motion.

[20]   On appeal, Coleman’s challenge to the trial court’s order is primarily

       procedural. Coleman argues that the trial court abused its discretion by

       granting U.S. Bank’s motion to correct error, contending that the motion was

       untimely. Pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 59, a motion to correct error “shall be

       filed not later than thirty (30) days after the entry of a final judgment is noted in

       the Chronological Case Summary.” Ind. Trial Rule 59(C). Coleman argues

       that U.S. Bank’s motion to correct error was untimely because it was not filed

       within thirty days of the trial court’s April 29 Order. Coleman, however,

       ignores the fact that he filed a motion to amend the April 29 Order. On June 4,

       2019, the trial court issued the June 4 Order, which granted Coleman’s motion

       and amended the April 29 Order. Then, on June 21, 2019, within thirty days of

       the trial court’s June 4 Order, U.S. Bank filed a motion to correct error.

       Because U.S. Bank’s motion was timely filed, we reject Coleman’s argument

       that the trial court should have denied U.S. Bank’s motion based on an

       untimely filing.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020   Page 10 of 11
[21]   In Coleman’s remaining appellate argument, he does not challenge the

       substance of U.S. Bank’s arguments that led to the trial court granting the

       motion to correct error. Instead, Coleman simply recycles the arguments he

       raised in his 60(B) motion, and indeed his other motions for relief, arguing that

       the judgment against him should be set aside because the bank had committed

       fraud and lacked authority. Aside from the motion being repetitive,6 it was filed

       more than one year after the judgment that Coleman was challenging. See Trial

       Rule 60(B) (providing that a motion to set aside a judgment based on fraud

       must be filed not more than one year after entry of the judgment). Thus,

       Coleman has failed to show that the trial court abused its discretion by granting

       U.S. Bank’s motion to correct error. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s

       judgment.

[22]   Affirmed.

       Robb, J., and Mathias, J., concur.

       6
         We recognize that, unlike prior motions challenging the judgment, Coleman argued that the original bank’s
       attorneys had violated INDIANA CODE §§ 33-43-1-6, -7, and -8, which pertain to the practice of law by
       attorneys. However, his alleged violations of the statutes were based on an underlying argument of fraud or a
       lack or authority, which he had previously raised. Moreover, his reliance on these statutes to get his
       judgment set aside is misplaced. See I.C. § 33-43-1-6 (explaining that a trial court may “stay” a proceeding
       until an attorney produces authority to appear); I.C. § 33-43-1-7 (relating to a challenge by a party who
       alleges that an attorney appears “on behalf of the party without the party’s authority[,]” not on behalf of the
       opposing party); I.C. § 33-43-1-8(b) (providing that a party who is injured by an attorney’s deceit “may bring
       a civil action for treble damages”).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-MF-1621| March 27, 2020                    Page 11 of 11