Court Opinion

ID: 5124305
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-11-08 22:19:55.346288+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:22:40.504462
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                       DIVISION ONE

 RJ GAUDET & ASSOCIATES, LLC,                       No. 82448-1-I
 a Washington limited liability company,

                       Respondent

                 v.

 VASILICA CECILIA ANITEI and
 CRISTIAN ANITEI, husband and wife,               UNPUBLISHED OPINION
 individually and on behalf of the
 marital community comprised thereof,

                       Appellants.

       VERELLEN, J. — In this dispute over attorney fees, the law firm sued its former

client to recover unpaid fees and litigation expenses. The client asserted affirmative

defenses and counterclaims. On cross motions for summary judgment, the trial court

(1) dismissed with prejudice the client’s counterclaims, (2) “reject[ed]” certain

affirmative defenses, (3) granted partial summary judgment establishing the client’s

liability for breach of contract and damages of $40,395.79 plus interest, and

(4) reserved for trial “the additional amounts allegedly due” to the law firm.1 The

premise of the trial court’s partial summary judgment for damages was that the client

did not dispute $40,395.79 of the billed fees and expenses. But viewed in a light

most favorable to the client, there is evidence the client disputed fees and expenses

       1   Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 1461-62.
No. 82448-1-I/2

itemized in the final and prior invoices. We reverse the partial summary judgment for

damages of $40,395.79 and remand for trial. Otherwise, we affirm.

                                        FACTS

       Attorney RJ Gaudet is the sole owner and principal of RJ Gaudet &

Associates, LLC.    On February 28, 2013, Vasilica Cecilia Anitei (Cecilia) hired the

law firm to represent her in an employment discrimination case against the Port of

Seattle. Anitei and the law firm agreed to a hybrid fee arrangement consisting of

discounted hourly rates for attorney and legal assistant work, plus a 20 percent

contingency fee.2

       Gaudet filed a complaint on Anitei’s behalf in federal district court. Although

the attorney-client relationship became strained over time, Gaudet continued to

represent Anitei throughout the case, which ended in a defense verdict after a nine-

day jury trial in September 2014. In November 2014, the federal court permitted

Gaudet to withdraw from the case. The law firm issued a final invoice (Invoice 131)

to Anitei on November 11, 2014. The balance due was $130,726.81. Anitei disputed

the bill and did not pay.

       More than five years later, in February 2020, the law firm sued Anitei and her

spouse, Cristian Anitei, to recover the unpaid fees and litigation expenses. The

complaint alleged breach of contract, promissory estoppel, fraud, and account stated.

       2Anitei and the law firm later agreed to different terms for work performed
after August 14, 2014. The amendment to the initial engagement letter provided that
Anitei would not pay the law firm’s hourly rates but would pay an increased
contingency fee of 40 percent and continue to be responsible for litigation expenses.

                                               2
No. 82448-1-I/3

       The Aniteis answered the complaint. They asserted 15 affirmative defenses,

including the statute of limitations, breach of contract, duress, “unclean hands,” fraud,

and set-off. They also alleged as counterclaims breach of fiduciary duties, legal

malpractice, and violation of the Washington Consumer Protection Act (CPA),

chapter 19.86 RCW.

       The law firm moved for summary judgment, seeking dismissal of the Aniteis’

counterclaims and judgment for the amount due under the final invoice. The law firm

argued that each of the Aniteis’ counterclaims was barred by the statute of limitations

and also failed on the merits. The law firm claimed it was entitled to summary

judgment on its breach of contract claim because the Aniteis failed to “introduce

competent evidence to establish a genuine issue of material fact relative to specific

charges” or identify a genuine issue of material fact as to any affirmative defense.3

       The Aniteis responded by filing their own motion for summary judgment. They

claimed to have paid almost $53,000 in legal fees, although they also alleged that

they hired the law firm on Gaudet’s assurance that their legal costs would not exceed

$30,000. The Aniteis contended that Gaudet generated unnecessary expenses and

charged them for excessive consultation with attorneys and other experts during the

representation. They argued that the law firm was not entitled to recover fees

because, among other reasons, the terms of the agreement for legal services were

unethical and violated certain Rules of Professional Conduct (RPCs).

       3   CP at 281.

                                               3
No. 82448-1-I/4

       After a hearing, the trial court granted the law firm’s motion, in part, dismissing

the Aniteis’ counterclaims with prejudice and “rejecting” their affirmative defenses

seeking a set-off based on an alleged breach of the standard of care, breach of

fiduciary duties, and violation of the CPA.4 The court granted partial summary

judgment establishing the Aniteis’ liability for breach of contract and granting

judgment for an “undisputed” amount of damages, $40,395.79 plus interest.5 The

court reserved for trial any additional amounts allegedly owed to the law firm. The

trial court later entered judgment of $71,640.68, which included prejudgment interest,

costs, and statutory attorney fees, and also entered findings under CR 54(b)

certifying its partial summary judgment order as a final judgment. The Aniteis appeal.

                                       ANALYSIS

Service of Process

       The Aniteis challenge the trial court’s order which authorized service by mail

after the law firm was unable to accomplish personal service of process.6

       “We review the sufficiency of service of process de novo.”7 A court may allow

substitute service by publication or mail if the petitioner establishes “(1) that the

defendant could not be found in Washington after a diligent search, (2) that the

       4   CP 1406.
       5 The court also granted the law firm’s motion to strike two declarations
submitted by the Aniteis, dismissed claims against Gaudet personally, who is not a
party to the lawsuit, and granted the Aniteis’ motion, in part, dismissing the law firm’s
claims of fraud and promissory estoppel as barred by the statute of limitations. These
aspects of the trial court’s order are not at issue in this appeal.
       6 The trial court denied the Aniteis’ motion to dismiss alleging insufficient of
service of process and then denied reconsideration.
       7   Northwick v. Long, 192 Wn. App. 256, 260, 364 P.3d 1067 (2015).

                                                4
No. 82448-1-I/5

defendant was a resident of Washington, and (3) that the defendant had either left

the state or concealed [themselves] within it, with intent to defraud creditors or avoid

service of process.”8 “‘Due diligence’ requires that the plaintiff make ‘honest and

reasonable efforts to locate the defendant.’”9

       The Aniteis claim there is no evidence that they willfully evaded service or that

the law firm conducted a diligent search to find them. They point out that the process

server attempted service only during “regular work hours.”10 And they insist that the

process server’s declaration is “false” because he “misrepresented” certain details.11

       The record indicates that the process server attempted service at different

times and on different days of the week, including weekend days. There is no

evidence of whether, when, or where the parties worked during the period in

question. The parties agree that the process server’s declaration misstated the

timing of the March 5, 2020 attempt to serve them as 8:30 p.m., not a.m. It is also

undisputed that on that date, Cristian approached the home and saw the process

server standing near the edge of his driveway trying to get his attention. He drove

past his house without stopping.

       No authority supports the Aniteis’ apparent position that service of process

may not take place during evening hours. And the fact that their surveillance system

       8 Pascua v. Heil, 126 Wn. App. 520, 526-27, 108 P.3d 1253 (2005);
RCW 4.28.100(2) (outlining requirements for allowing substitute service by
publication).
       9   Id. at 529 (quoting Martin v. Meier, 111 Wn.2d 471, 482, 760 P.2d 925
(1988).
       10   Appellant’s Br. at 30.
       11   Id. at 29.

                                                 5
No. 82448-1-I/6

did not capture an image of the process server on their doorstep on one date listed in

the declaration does not establish there was no attempted service on that date.

        The evidence in the record supports the determination that the law firm

conducted a diligent search and that the failure to accomplish personal service was

due to willful concealment. The law firm’s counsel sent the Aniteis a demand letter

approximately a month before attempting service advising them that the law firm

would promptly initiate legal action if they did not respond. The post office did not

return the letter as undeliverable. Counsel for the law firm also confirmed that the

Aniteis had not submitted a change of address to the post office. Then, the process

server made six attempts to serve the parties at their home over the course of

approximately four weeks. Each time, no one appeared or answered the door.

During one of those attempts, Cristian saw the process server and refused to stop.

The trial court did not err in allowing substitute service.

Venue

        The Aniteis challenge the trial court’s denial of their motion to transfer venue to

Snohomish County, where they reside. Opposing the motion, the law firm argued

that because its complaint included a fraud claim based in tort, RCW 4.12.020(3)

provided the option of suing in the county “in which the cause of action or some part

thereof arose.” The law firm claimed that some part of the fraud arose in King

County, where the law firm represented Anitei in federal court.

                                                 6
No. 82448-1-I/7

         We review de novo a ruling on a motion to transfer venue when the basis for

the motion is the assertion the original venue was not authorized by statute.12 There

may be room to debate whether RCW 4.12.020(3), relied upon by the law firm, has

any application when the law firm sought “classic economic damages” for fraud rather

than “recovery of damages for injuries to the person or for injury to personal

property.”13

         But, the Aniteis did not seek discretionary review of the venue ruling and now

seek to “set aside an unfavorable judgment on the basis that venue was laid in the

wrong county.”14 In these circumstances, our courts have required a showing of

prejudice.15 The Aniteis have articulated no prejudice stemming from the denial of

their motion to transfer venue.

Counterclaims

         The Aniteis challenge the trial court’s order dismissing their counterclaims with

prejudice. But the Aniteis acknowledged in their answer that by the time the law firm

filed its complaint in February 2020, the statute of limitations had expired on their

claims of professional negligence, breach of fiduciary duties, and violation of the

         12   Moore v. Flateau, 154 Wn. App. 210, 214, 225 P.3d 361 (2010).
         13
         Id. at 217 (holding that when the legislature amended RCW 4.12.020(3), its
intent was simply to “treat all injury actions in the same manner as automobile accident
cases,” not to “expand the special venue rule to all damage actions.”).
         14   Lincoln v. Transamerica Inv. Corp., 89 Wn.2d 571, 578, 573 P.2d 1316
(1978)
         15
         Id.; Geroux v. Fleck, 33 Wn. App. 424, 427-28, 655 P.2d 254 (1982); Youker
v. Douglas County, 162 Wn. App. 448, 460, 258 P.3d 60 (2011).

                                                 7
No. 82448-1-I/8

CPA.16 A party may only assert counterclaims that are not barred by the statute of

limitations when the action is commenced.17 The trial court did not err in dismissing

the counterclaims.

Affirmative Defenses

       The Aniteis contend the trial court improperly dismissed their affirmative

defenses. They point out that, apart from addressing their entitlement to a set-off

related to professional negligence, breach of fiduciary duty, and a CPA violation, the

law firm’s briefing below did not raise specific objections or arguments as to their

defenses. However, the court’s order did not dismiss any affirmative defenses that

were not addressed in the parties’ briefing. The court granted summary judgment

only as to the defense seeking a “[s]et-[o]ff relative to [the Aniteis’] allegations of [the

law firm’s] breach of the standard of care, breach of fiduciary duty, and violation of

the [CPA].”18 The Aniteis fail to establish error.19

Summary Judgment as to Liability and Partial Damages

       The premise of the trial court’s grant of partial summary judgment of

$40,395.79 in favor of the law firm was that all the fees and expenses billed prior to

       16 See Huff v. Roach, 125 Wn. App. 724, 729, 106 P.3d 268 (2005) (citing
RCW 4.16.080(3) (three-year limitation period applies to legal malpractice claim);
Hudson v. Condon, 101 Wn. App. 866, 874, 6 P.3d 615 (2000) (claim of breach of
fiduciary duty subject to three-year statute of limitation); RCW 19.86.120 (four-year
limitation period applies to claims under the CPA).
       17   See J.R. Simplot Co. v. Vogt, 93 Wn.2d 122, 126, 605 P.2d 1267 (1980).
       18   CP 1406.
       19   Inasmuch as the Aniteis raise different arguments about the court’s ruling on
affirmative defenses in their reply brief, we need not consider arguments raised for
the first time in a reply brief. Bergerson v. Zurbano, 6 Wn. App. 2d 912, 926, 432
P.3d 850 (2018).

                                                 8
No. 82448-1-I/9

the final invoice were undisputed and a trial was required only as to the new fees and

new expenses itemized in the final invoice, which the trial court referred to as the

“unstipulated fees and costs.”20 Because there is evidence that the Aniteis disputed

the reasonableness of fees and expenses in the prior invoices, the premise fails, and

summary judgment was improper.

       Appellate courts review a summary judgment order de novo and perform the

same inquiry as the trial court.21 A moving party is entitled to summary judgment “if

the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file,

together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any

material fact.”22 We view all facts and reasonable inferences in the light most

favorable to the nonmoving party.23

       In an action filed by an attorney to collect legal fees, the burden is on the

attorney “to prove by a preponderance of the evidence both the services rendered

and the reasonable value thereof.”24 An attorney must present “‘reasonable

documentation of the work performed.’”25

       20   Report of Proceedings (RP) (Jan. 15, 2021) at 22.
       21
        Borton & Sons, Inc. v. Burbank Props., LLC, 196 Wn.2d 199, 205, 471 P.3d
871 (2020).
       22   CR 56(c).
       23
        Owen v. Burlington N. Santa Fe R.R. Co., 153 Wn.2d 780, 787, 108 P.3d
1220 (2005) (quoting Ruff v. King County, 125 Wn.2d 697, 703, 887 P.2d 886 (1995)).
       24   Dailey v. Testone, 72 Wn.2d 662, 664, 435 P.2d 24 (1967).
       25
        Scott Fetzer Co., Kirby Co. Div. v. Weeks, 122 Wn.2d 141, 151, 859 P.2d
1210 (1993) (quoting Bowers v. Transamerica Title Ins. Co., 100 Wn.2d 581, 597,
675 P.2d 193 (1983)).

                                                9
No. 82448-1-I/10

       At the hearing on the parties’ motions, the law firm asserted that the Aniteis

did not dispute the fees and expenses of $93,256.79 billed on invoices prior to the

final invoice. The law firm conceded that the Aniteis disputed the new charges

($75,340.70) identified on Invoice 131. Then the law firm subtracted the amount the

Aniteis claimed to have paid in legal fees and expenses, $52,870,26 from $93,256.79,

and characterized the difference between these two amounts as “undisputed” debt. 27

       In his January 3, 2021 declaration, Gaudet asserted that the Aniteis did not

dispute and, in fact, accepted all of the $65,741.69 charges in the May 16, 2014 Invoice

128 and promised to pay all prior invoices in full. But viewed in the light most favorable

to the Aniteis, there is evidence to the contrary.

       Upon receipt of Invoice 131 for $130,726.81, which included $55,386.11 in

overdue charges stemming from the May (128) and September (130) invoices,

Cecilia sent the law firm a letter stating, “I hereby let you know that I dispute all your

billing charges.”28 In her December 16, 2020 declaration, Cecilia discussed why she

“disputed and protested to the astronomical charges.”29 Her January 4, 2021

declaration also noted that Invoice 128, dated May 16, 2014, for $65,741.69 was “a

huge bill that completely shocked me. . . . I disputed the bills received and

       26The law firm asserted that the Aniteis paid approximately $5,000 less, but
for purposes of granting partial summary judgment proposed that the court construe
the amount of prior payments in the Aniteis’ favor.
       27 The difference between those figures is $40,386.79. However, the court
entered judgment for a slightly different amount, $40,395.79.
       28   CP at 720.
       29   CP at 487.

                                                10
No. 82448-1-I/11

complained multiple times about the way money [had] been spent during the

litigation.”30

        And, contrary to the arguments of the law firm on appeal, the disputes were

not merely vague and general protests. For example, the Aniteis offer specific

disputes over incurring costs through a third-party vendor on the eve of trial to

unnecessarily relabel exhibits, ignoring directions to use payments into the IOLTA

fund to pay trial expenses, and charging excessive time consulting with external

attorneys on legal and procedural topics, all in the context of Gaudet moving to

withdraw shortly before trial based upon his lack of trial experience and requiring, two

weeks before trial, the addition of two external attorneys with trial experience to

conduct the trial. These specific objections raise viable challenges to the

reasonableness of the fees and expenses billed in both the final and prior invoices.

There were no stipulated fees or expenses.

        The amount of damages is a question for the trier of fact, unless reasonable

minds could not differ.31 In this case, reasonable minds could differ as to whether

$40,395.79 of the charges listed in Invoice 131 were reasonable and undisputed. On

de novo review, the law firm is not entitled to a partial summary judgment for

damages of $40,395.79.

        The Aniteis also claim that summary judgment on liability was improper

because, in opposing their motion for summary judgment, the law firm admitted to a

        30   CP at 670-71.
        31
        C 1031 Props., Inc. v. First Am. Title Ins. Co., 175 Wn. App. 27, 34, 301
P.3d 500 (2013).

                                               11
No. 82448-1-I/12

dispute about the existence of an agreement to cap fees. But the law firm

“categorically” denied agreeing to limit fees, and neither the engagement letter nor

later amendment placed a limit on the fees that could be incurred in the

representation. The Aniteis rely on e-mail messages in the context of a discussion

about the estimated initial costs to sue the Port, wherein they represented that they

had the ability to “cover” up to $30,000 in the near term.32 Even viewed in a light

most favorable to them, the e-mails are not an objective manifestation of intent to

retain the law firm subject to a limit on the maximum fees they could incur. There is

no genuine issue of material fact. The parties did not agree to a $30,000 limit on

attorney fees.33

       The Aniteis further contend that the trial court erred in granting partial

summary judgment on liability because the legal services agreement is “void” as the

law firm is organized as a limited liability company, which is not a “valid corporate

entity offering legal services.”34 The Aniteis provide no persuasive authority that the

law firm’s organization as an limited liability corporation precludes summary

judgment. And likewise, although the Aniteis allege a violation of certain RPCs, there

is a distinction between such violations and the standards for civil liability, and none

       32   CP at 494.
       33See Ruff v. King County, 125 Wn.2d 697, 704, 887 P.2d 886 (1995)
(question of fact may be determined as a matter of law when reasonable minds can
reach only one conclusion) (quoting Hartley v. State, 103 Wn.2d 768, 775, 698 P.2d
77 (1985)) .
       34   Appellant’s Br. at 43.

                                               12
No. 82448-1-I/13

of their cited authority suggests that the specific violations they allege, if established,

would invalidate the contract.35

       We reverse the order granting partial summary as to the judgment for

damages of $40,395.79 and otherwise affirm.36

       Reversed and remanded.

WE CONCUR:

       35   See LK Operating, LLC v. Collection Grp., LLC, 181 Wn.2d 48, 90, 331 P.3d
1147 (2014) (“Unquestionably, the RPCs do not purport to set a standard for civil
liability.”).
       36  We reject the Aniteis’ challenge to the partial summary judgment order
based on CR 54(d). That rule authorizes the trial court to examine the evidence
before it and determine what facts appear to be without controversy. It further allows
a trial court to reserve disputed issues for trial. The trial court’s order here complied
with the rule by summarily deciding liability, an issue of law, and reserving damages
for trial. We reverse the partial judgment for damages not because the court failed to
make a finding that identified a lack of dispute but because the record does not
support that finding.

                                                13