Court Opinion

ID: 6338298
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-05-06 13:03:59.863028+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:12:59.014755
License: Public Domain

FOURTH DIVISION
                                DILLARD, P. J.,
                            MERCIER and MARKLE, JJ.

                     NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                     physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                     days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                                https://www.gaappeals.us/rules

                                                                         May 6, 2022

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A22A0591. SITEONE LANDSCAPING SUPPLY, LLC v.
     STEWART.

       DILLARD, Presiding Judge.

       SiteOne Landscaping Supply, LLC appeals the trial court’s denial of its motion

to set aside a default judgment, which awarded damages to Larry Stewart in his

negligence action against it. In doing so, SiteOne argues the trial court erred by (1)

entering a default judgment against it based on its failure to file an answer to

Stewart’s amended complaint when it was not statutorily required or ordered to do so;

(2) failing to consider whether Stewart’s complaint asserted a viable claim against it;

and (3) failing to give it notice of the default judgment. For the reasons set forth infra,

we reverse.
      In September 2018, Stewart filed a negligence complaint against several

defendants arising from injuries he sustained in a car accident, in which he collided

with a tractor trailer. Specifically, Stewart sued the driver of the tractor trailer, her

employer, and her employer’s insurance company. Discovery ensued, and at some

point, the trial court granted a consent motion to add SiteOne as a defendant.1 In

doing so, the court ordered Stewart to (1) file an amended complaint that identified

his specific claims against SiteOne, and (2) serve that amended complaint on SiteOne.

The order also advised SiteOne that it had 30 days from the date of service to file an

answer to the amended complaint.

      On February 6, 2019, Stewart filed an amended complaint, asserting a

negligence claim against SiteOne, as well as an affidavit of service, indicating that

he served SiteOne with the amended complaint on February 7, 2019, by leaving a

copy with a registered agent for the company.2 The summons attached to the affidavit

      1
        For context, SiteOne’s only apparent connection to the accident is that, when
it occurred, the tractor trailer was en route to deliver sod to a SiteOne facility. The
consent motion contended SiteOne might bear some responsibility for the collision
due to the circumstances under which it required truck drivers to make deliveries. But
whether SiteOne was properly added as a party below is not at issue in this appeal.
      2
         Although SiteOne describes certain technical issues it had in transferring the
complaint to the third-party administrator responsible for handling its legal matters,
it does not dispute that Stewart properly served its registered agent with the amended

                                           2
warned SiteOne that a failure to file an answer to the complaint within 30 days would

result in a default judgment against it.

      On March 27, 2019, Stewart filed a motion for default judgment against

SiteOne, asserting that it failed to file an answer to the amended complaint and the

time for seeking to open the default had expired. SiteOne did not respond to this

motion, and following a hearing to determine the amount of damages, the trial court

entered a default judgment against SiteOne for $800,000.3 Approximately two months

later, SiteOne filed a motion to set aside or vacate the default judgment, arguing that

(1) it was not required to answer the amended complaint; (2) the trial court lacked

personal jurisdiction over it; (3) the trial court failed to notify it of the damages

hearing; (4) Stewart does not have a viable claim against it; and (5) the trial court

failed to notify it of the default judgment. Ultimately, after considering arguments

from both parties, the record, and the relevant law, the trial court denied SiteOne’s

motion to set aside the default judgment. This appeal follows.

complaint. Instead, as discussed infra, SiteOne argues that, despite being served with
the amended complaint, it was not legally required to file an answer to it.
      3
        The transcript of the hearing on damages is not included in the record, but the
amount of damages awarded to Stewart in the default judgment is not at issue on
appeal.

                                           3
      We review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to set aside a judgment under

OCGA § 9-11-60 (d) for “abuse of discretion.”4 But we review a question of law de

novo, “during which we owe no deference to the trial court’s ruling and apply the

‘plain legal error’ standard of review.”5 With these guiding principles in mind, we

turn to SiteOne’s specific claims of error.

      1. As an initial matter, we must address Stewart’s motion to dismiss this

appeal.6 Specifically, Stewart contends this Court lacks jurisdiction over SiteOne’s

appeal because the arguments in SiteOne’s brief are foreclosed by binding precedent

of this Court.7 But a contention that an appellant will—or is likely to—lose an appeal

does not implicate our jurisdiction to consider and decide that appeal, and Stewart has

      4
        Stamey v. Policemen’s Pension Fund Bd. of Trustees, 289 Ga. 503, 504 (1)
(712 SE2d 825) (2011) (punctuation omitted); see Principal Lien Servs., LLC v. Nah
Corp., 346 Ga. App. 277, 278 (814 SE2d 4) (2018) (“Absent an abuse of discretion,
we will not reverse a trial court’s refusal to set aside a default judgment.”
(punctuation omitted)).
      5
       Principal Lien Servs., 346 Ga. App. at 278 (punctuation omitted); accord
Cosby v. Lewis, 308 Ga. App. 668, 670 (1) (708 SE2d 585) (2011).
      6
          All references to Stewart’s motion are to his amended motion to dismiss this
appeal.
      7
         Stewart alleges in his motion that the sole issue on appeal is whether the
default judgment must be set aside due to the trial court’s failure to notify SiteOne of
the judgment, and he contends we have already ruled that no such notice is required.

                                           4
cited no legal authority remotely suggesting otherwise. Indeed, we regularly rely upon

established, binding precedent in deciding appeals adversely to a party. Simply put,

the merits of SiteOne’s appeal are irrelevant as to whether we have jurisdiction to

entertain it. That said, Georgia’s appellate courts are certainly at liberty to exercise

their discretion and impose sanctions against an appellant who pursues a frivolous

appeal.8

      8
         See Warnock v. Davis, 267 Ga. 336, 336 (2) (478 SE2d 124) (1996)
(exercising jurisdiction to consider an appeal from an opinion of this Court, and
addressing whether we erred by imposing sanctions on an appellant for filing a
frivolous appeal); Murphy v. Freeman, 337 Ga. App. 221, 227 (2) (787 SE2d 755)
(2016) (explaining that, under the rules of this Court, “we may impose a penalty in
cases where the appellant could have no reasonable basis upon which to anticipate
that this Court would reverse the trial court’s judgment” (punctuation omitted));
McClain v. George, 267 Ga. App. 851, 854 (2) (600 SE2d 837) (2004) (exercising our
jurisdiction over an appeal that was ultimately deemed to be spurious in nature and
imposing sanctions against the appellant for pursuing such a frivolous appeal);
Shamsai v. Coordinated Prop., Inc., 259 Ga. App. 438, 439 (2) (576 SE2d 901)
(2003) (exercising jurisdiction over an appeal this Court deemed frivolous and
imposing sanctions on the appellant for that reason); CT. APP. R. 7 (e) (2) (“The panel
of the Court ruling on a case, with or without motion, may by majority vote to impose
a penalty not to exceed $2,500 against any party and/or a party’s counsel in any civil
case in which there is a direct appeal, application for discretionary appeal,
application for interlocutory appeal, or motion that is determined to be frivolous.”
(emphasis supplied)). In several of the cases cited supra, this Court imposed
frivolous-appeal sanctions under former Court of Appeals Rule 15 (b), rather than
Rule 7 (e) (2), which applies in this case. Regardless, both rules provide that a penalty
may be imposed upon the appellant when an appeal is frivolous. See Murphy, 337 Ga.
App. at 227 (2) (noting that sanctions may be imposed under former Court of Appeals
Rule 15 when an appellant’s arguments are frivolous). To date, Stewart has not filed

                                           5
      Additionally, Stewart argues this Court lacks jurisdiction over SiteOne’s appeal

because an order denying a motion to set aside a judgment is not directly appealable,

and SiteOne failed to follow our discretionary-appeal procedures. We agree that, as

a general matter, appeals from the denial of a motion to set aside a judgment are

discretionary. Indeed, OCGA § 5-6-35 lists the types of appeals that are subject to this

Court’s discretionary-appeal procedures, including “[a]ppeals from orders under

subsection (d) of Code Section 9-11-60 denying a motion to set aside a judgment . .

. .”9 Nevertheless, we have also held that “motions to set aside brought on the grounds

that the court failed to notify the losing party of its decision are cognizable as motions

a motion with this Court requesting that we sanction SiteOne for pursuing a frivolous
appeal.
      9
        OCGA § 5-6-35 (a) (8) (emphasis supplied); see OCGA § 5-6-35 (b) (“All
appeals taken in cases specified in subsection (a) of this Code section shall be by
application in the nature of a petition enumerating the errors to be urged on appeal
and stating why the appellate court has jurisdiction. The application shall specify the
order or judgment being appealed and, if the order or judgment is interlocutory, the
application shall set forth, in addition to the enumeration of errors to be urged, the
need for interlocutory appellate review.” (emphasis supplied)); Lewis v. Sun Mgmt.,
Inc., 187 Ga. App. 591, 592 (370 SE2d 840) (1988) (holding this Court lacked
jurisdiction to consider a direct appeal from the trial court’s denial of appellant’s
motion to set aside the judgment and noting the appellant’s application for a
discretionary appeal had been denied); Tanner v. Davis, 185 Ga. App. 711, 711 (365
SE2d 871) (1988) (“OCGA § 5-6-35 (a) (8), when read in conjunction with OCGA
§ 9-11-60 (d), mandates that an appeal from a judgment denying a motion to set aside
be brought as a discretionary appeal.”).

                                            6
to correct a clerical error pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-60 (g) and are properly the

subject of a direct appeal.”10 Here, it is undisputed that—in its motion to set aside the

default judgment—SiteOne expressly argued, inter alia, the judgment should be set

aside because the trial court violated OCGA § 15-6-21 (c) by failing to notify it that

the default judgment had been entered. Indeed, in his motion to dismiss, Stewart

acknowledges that SiteOne presented a lack-of-notice argument below. But once

again, he contends we are deprived of jurisdiction simply because, in his view,

SiteOne’s appeal lacks merit. We have already considered and rejected this argument.

      10
         Syed v. Merch.’s Square Off. Blgs., LLC, 354 Ga. App. 365, 365 n.1 (841
SE2d 8) (2020) (punctuation omitted); accord Sea Tow/Sea Spill of Savannah v.
Phillips, 247 Ga. App. 613, 614 (1) (545 SE2d 34) (2001); see Leventhal v. Moseley,
264 Ga. 891, 891 (453 SE2d 455) (1995) (holding that “orders entered upon motions
to correct a clerical error pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-60 (g) do not require applications
to appeal[,] and thus, appellants were entitled to a direct appeal of the trial court’s
denial of their motion to set aside a judgment when their motion was predicated on
the court’s failure to notify them of its decision adverse to them”); Downs v. C. D. C.
Fed. Credit. Union, 224 Ga. App. 869, 869 (1) (481 SE2d 903) (1997) (“Motions to
set aside brought on the grounds that the court failed to notify the losing party of its
decision are cognizable as motions to correct a clerical error pursuant to OCGA § 9-
11-60 (g) and are properly the subject of a direct appeal.”); OCGA § 9-11-60 (g)
(“Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders, or other parts of the record and errors
therein arising from oversight or omission may be corrected by the court at any time
of its own initiative or on the motion of any party and after such notice, if any, as the
court orders.”).

                                           7
Moreover, SiteOne’s appeal is not frivolous because, as explained infra, it prevails

in this appeal. For all these reasons, we deny Stewart’s motion to dismiss this appeal.

       2. Turning to SiteOne’s substantive arguments, it first contends the trial court

erred by entering a default judgment against it based on its failure to file an answer

to the amended complaint because it was not required to do so by statute or court

order. We agree.

       Our analysis begins with the plain language of OCGA § 9-11-15 (a), which

provides, in relevant part, that “[a] party may plead or move in response to an

amended pleading and, when required by an order of the court, shall plead within 15

days after service of the amended pleading, unless the court otherwise orders.”11 In

this regard, our Supreme Court has explained that “OCGA § 9-11-15 (a) allows a

response to an amended pleading but does not require such a response[,] [and] . . .

[t]he effect of [a] failure to respond, . . .[when] no response [is] required, [is] a denial

or avoidance of the allegations in the amended pleadings . . . .”12 And this rule still

       11
            (Emphasis supplied).
       12
         Shields v. Gish, 280 Ga. 556, 557 (1) (629 SE2d 244) (2006) (punctuation
omitted); see Nat’l City Mortg., Inc. v. Point Ctr. Fin., Inc., 306 Ga. App. 655, 656
(703 SE2d 113) (2010) (“[A]verments in a pleading to which no responsive pleading
is required or permitted shall be taken as denied or avoided” (punctuation omitted));
OCGA § 9-11-8 (d) (same).

                                             8
applies even when, as here, the amended pleading adds a new party defendant.13

Nevertheless, OCGA § 9-11-15 (a) also expressly provides an exception to this

general rule when “required by an order of the court.”14

      13
          See Nw. Ga. Contracting, LLC v. St. Germain, 350 Ga. App. 568, 569 (1)
(829 SE2d 814) (2019) (noting the rule that “a responsive pleading to an amended
complaint need not be filed unless such a pleading is required by statute or court
order” also applies “when a party is added by amendment to an existing suit”
(punctuation omitted)); Nat’l City Mortg., 306 Ga. App. at 656 (“In this State it is
well settled that an amended complaint adding a new party defendant does not require
a responsive pleading, unless the trial court orders a reply thereto.”); Hiner Transp.,
Inc. v. Jeter, 293 Ga. App. 704, 705 (667 SE2d 919) (2008) (“A defendant . . . is not
required to file an answer to an amended complaint unless the trial court itself has
affirmatively ordered such answer. This is true even if the amendment brings a new
defendant into the suit. Absent an order to respond, an amended complaint adding a
new party defendant does not require a responsive pleading.” (punctuation & footnote
omitted)); Stubbs v. Pickle, 287 Ga. App. 246, 247 (1) (651 SE2d 171) (2007)
(holding that a corporate entity was not required to respond to an amended complaint,
which added it as a defendant, because the trial court did not order the company to
do so).
      14
         (Emphasis supplied); see GeorgiaCarry.Org, Inc. v. Code Revision Comm’n,
299 Ga. 896, 899 (1) (793 SE.2d 35) (2016) (“A responsive pleading to an amended
complaint need not be filed unless such a pleading is required by statute or court
order.” (emphasis supplied)); Moore-Waters v. Met-Test, LLC, 335 Ga. App. 761, 762
(782 SE2d 848) (2016) (“OCGA § 9-11-15 (a), on its face, only requires an answer
to an amended complaint when ordered by the trial court.”); Stubbs, 287 Ga. App. at
247 (1) (holding that trial court erred in entering a default judgment against defendant
based on his failure to file an answer to an amended one when the court did not order
him to do so); Random Access, Inc. v. Atlanta Datacom, Inc., 232 Ga. App. 269, 270
(501 SE2d 610) (1998) (explaining that the Civil Practice Act authorizes the addition
of parties, by order of the court, and that an ‘amended complaint’ effecting such an
addition does not require a responsive pleading “unless one is specifically required

                                           9
      Here, in its order granting Stewart’s motion to add SiteOne as a party

defendant, the trial court ordered Stewart to file an amended complaint identifying

his claims against SiteOne and then to serve it on SiteOne. The order went on to

provide, “SiteOne will then have 30 days from the date of service to answer the

amended complaint”15 Thus, unlike the court’s mandate that Stewart file an amended

complaint, the trial court did not order SiteOne to do anything. Instead, the trial court

merely provided the length of time SiteOne had to answer the amended complaint if

it chose to do so. In sum, without any order from the trial court requiring SiteOne to

file an answer to the amended complaint, it did not have to do so; and as a result, the

trial court erred in denying SiteOne’s motion to set aside the default judgment on that

by the order of the court adding a party” (emphasis supplied)); Chan v. W-E. Trading
Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 79 (5) (403 SE2d 840) (1991) (“[A]ppellant was not required
to file an answer to the second amended complaint at the time he was found to be in
default, as the trial court itself, had not affirmatively ordered such answer.”).
      15
           (Emphasis supplied).

                                           10
basis.16 Under such circumstances, we reverse the trial court’s order denying

SiteOne’s motion to set aside the default judgment.17

      2. Because the trial court order at issue is being reversed, we need not address

SiteOne’s remaining arguments.

      16
          See supra notes 13-14; infra note 17. Stewart contends the trial court’s order
adding SiteOne as a defendant “required it to file an answer because