Court Opinion

ID: 6104137
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-18 14:17:04.579092+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:53:42.376856
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
UNPUBLISHED

              Present: Chief Judge Decker, Judges Malveaux and Ortiz

              MARVIN PATRICK BRYSON
                                                                               MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.     Record No. 0721-21-3                                           PER CURIAM
                                                                                  JANUARY 18, 2022
              GRAYSON COUNTY DEPARTMENT
               OF SOCIAL SERVICES

                                   FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF GRAYSON COUNTY
                                                H. Lee Harrell, Judge

                               (Kimberly L. Osborne; Loftin & Osborne, on brief), for appellant.
                               Appellant submitting on brief.

                               (Michael R. Bedsaul; Mary Foil Russell; Joey D. Haynes, Guardian
                               ad litem for the minor child; Sands Anderson PC; The Jackson Law
                               Group, on brief), for appellee. Appellee and Guardian ad litem
                               submitting on brief.

                     Marvin Patrick Bryson (father) appeals the circuit court’s orders terminating his parental

              rights and approving the foster care goal of adoption. Father argues that the circuit court erred in

              finding that the evidence was sufficient to support a termination of his parental rights under Code

              § 16.1-283(C)(1) and (C)(2). Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude

              that the circuit court did not err. Accordingly, we affirm the decision of the circuit court.

                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                                          BACKGROUND1

        “On appeal from the termination of parental rights, this Court is required to review the

evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing in the circuit court.” Yafi v. Stafford

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 69 Va. App. 539, 550-51 (2018) (quoting Thach v. Arlington Cnty. Dep’t of

Hum. Servs., 63 Va. App. 157, 168 (2014)).

        Father and Amanda Ayers (mother) are the biological parents to the child who is the subject

of this appeal.2 Father and mother have had an “on-again-off-again relationship” for years. The

child first came into foster care with the Carroll County Department of Social Services (Carroll

DSS) in May of 2016 due to a case involving abuse and neglect. The child was two years old at the

time of the initial removal.

        After being in foster care for nineteen months, the child was returned to mother’s custody.

In February 2018, Carroll DSS received a new complaint concerning physical abuse and opened an

ongoing services case on the family. The Grayson County Department of Social Services (the

Department) took over the case once the family moved from Carroll County to Grayson County in

May of 2018.

        The Department provided ongoing services until it removed the child from mother’s custody

on June 19, 2018. At the subsequent adjudicatory hearing, the Juvenile and Domestic Relations

District Court of Grayson County (JDR court) found that the child had been abused and neglected.

        1
         The record in this case was sealed. Nevertheless, the appeal necessitates unsealing
relevant portions of the record to resolve the issues appellant has raised. Evidence and factual
findings below that are necessary to address the assignments of error are included in this opinion.
Consequently, “[t]o the extent that this opinion mentions facts found in the sealed record, we
unseal only those specific facts, finding them relevant to the decision in this case. The remainder
of the previously sealed record remains sealed.” Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1
(2017).
        2
         Mother has another child who has a different biological father. Our discussion is
limited to the child who is the subject of this appeal.
                                                 -2-
This finding “was to the mother only.” Thereafter, the JDR court held its dispositional hearing and

approved an initial foster plan for the child “with the goal of return home / relative placement.” The

Department provided numerous services to father, including referrals for psychological, parenting,

and substance abuse assessments, as well as visitation and case management services.

        Due to father’s “lack of progress,” however, the Department sought to change the foster care

goal to adoption and petitioned to terminate father’s parental rights. The JDR court approved the

foster care plan with the goal of adoption and terminated father’s parental rights. In accordance

with the same, the JDR court entered a permanency planning order as well as an order for

involuntary termination of residual parental rights, on June 16, 2020.3 Father appealed the JDR

court’s decision to the circuit court.4

        The Department presented evidence about the events that led to the child’s June 19, 2018

removal. At the time, the child’s home conditions were “unstable,” and the child had issues with

truancy and hygiene. In addition, mother was unresponsive to the Department and failed to attend

family partnership meetings. Mother also allowed the child’s Medicaid to lapse and violated a

“safety plan” concerning the child.5 Father “remained largely uninvolved with the care of the child

and had not taken any steps to change the child’s circumstances.”

        The Department also presented evidence regarding the child’s placement in foster care. The

child attended counseling to address “PTSD and attachment issues.” In addition, the child

        3
         The JDR court also terminated mother’s parental rights to the child. Mother appealed
the matter to the circuit court, and the circuit court also terminated mother’s parental rights.
Mother did not appeal the circuit court’s ruling.
        4
         The record does not include a transcript from the circuit court hearing; however, it does
include a written statement of facts in lieu of a transcript.
        5
         The safety plan stated that mother needed to “maintain the home and keep it clean,
ensure [that the child’s sibling] gets to school every day and on time, and there is to be no
physical punishment.” Mother was also directed to refrain from drug use.
                                                  -3-
participated in physical therapy and occupational therapy. At the time of the circuit court hearing,

the child was excelling in school and was involved in extra-curricular activities. The child’s foster

family considered the child “part of the[] family” and was “committed to pursuing the child’s

adoption.”

       The Department also presented evidence of the services it provided to father and his lack of

compliance. The Department directed father to remain drug and alcohol free, maintain safe and

stable housing, and stay in consistent contact with the Department. Father’s level of contact with

the Department was “fairly non-existent.” The Department was unable to investigate father’s home

situation or employment status. In addition, father did not participate in the required psychological,

parenting, or substance abuse assessments. Nor did father complete individual counseling, family

counseling, or services addressing employability. He did not attend meetings with the Department

to discuss the child’s placement and only attended four of the twenty-five scheduled visitations with

the child. The Department suspended visitation due to father’s absences and the effects they were

having on the child. Father made no effort to request that visitation be resumed. Father tested

positive for drugs, including marijuana, oxycodone, amphetamine, and methamphetamine, on five

separate occasions in 2019.

       Furthermore, the Department informed the circuit court of its efforts to investigate relatives

as possible placements for the child. The child’s maternal aunt and her husband had petitioned for

custody of the child; however, the JDR court dismissed their petition, and they did not appeal.

Father’s niece and sister also expressed interest in the child at one point. The Department advised

them that they could file custody petitions; however, no such petitions were ever filed.

       The Department also presented expert testimony from a licensed clinical social worker, who

provided counseling services to the child. The counselor opined that it would be “detrimental” to

place the child in her parents’ home because “the child exhibited a trauma bond with [mother] and

                                                 -4-
[father]; and . . . the child did not recognize [mother] or [father] as her parents and caretakers.” The

social worker opined that the child was “doing well” in her foster care placement. Father did not

present evidence in the circuit court.

          At the conclusion of the evidence in the circuit court, the Department requested that the

circuit court approve the foster care goal of adoption for the child and involuntarily terminate

father’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) and (C)(2). The child’s guardian ad litem also

recommended termination of father’s parental rights and approval of the foster care goal of

adoption. Father argued that the evidence was insufficient to involuntarily terminate his parental

rights.

          After hearing the evidence and arguments, the circuit court found that there was clear and

convincing evidence to involuntarily terminate father’s residual parental rights under Code

§ 16.1-283(C)(1) and (C)(2). This appeal followed.

                                               ANALYSIS

          Father challenges the circuit court’s termination of his parental rights under Code

§ 16.1-283(C)(1) and (C)(2). Specifically, father maintains that the trial court erred in

terminating his parental rights because the Department failed to demonstrate by clear and

convincing evidence that termination of his parental rights was in the best interests of the child.

Father also argues that he was not responsible for the removal of the child and that the

Department failed to present sufficient evidence to show that his actions caused the continuation

of the child’s foster care placement. Further, father argues that the Department failed to

demonstrate it “made sufficient attempts to maintain contact with [father].” Lastly, father argues

that the Department did not exhaust alternative, less drastic remedies, such as relative placement.

          “On review, ‘[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly weighed all the evidence,

considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best

                                                   -5-
interests.’” Castillo v. Loudoun Cnty. Dep’t of Fam. Servs., 68 Va. App. 547, 558 (2018) (quoting

Logan v. Fairfax Cnty. Dep’t of Hum. Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128 (1991)). “Where, as here the

court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding[s are] entitled to great weight and will not be

disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support [them].” Fauquier Cnty.

Dep’t of Soc. Servs. v. Ridgeway, 59 Va. App. 185, 190 (2011) (quoting Martin v. Pittsylvania Cnty.

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20 (1986)).

        Under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2), one of the bases for the circuit court’s order terminating

father’s parental rights, a court is authorized to terminate parental rights if:

                The parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or
                unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed 12 months
                from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy
                substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation
                of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the
                reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health
                or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.

“[S]ubsection C termination decisions hinge not so much on the magnitude of the problem that

created the original danger to the child, but on the demonstrated failure of the parent to make

reasonable changes.” Yafi, 69 Va. App. at 552 (quoting Toms v. Hanover Dep’t of Soc. Servs.,

46 Va. App. 257, 271 (2005)).

        The Department presented evidence that father did not comply with the required services.

Father did not cooperate with the Department’s efforts to investigate his housing situation or

employment status. Moreover, father failed to participate in psychological counseling, family

counseling, employability services, and substance abuse assessments, as required by the child’s

foster care plan. He did not attend meetings with the Department to discuss the child’s placement.

The Department was even forced to suspend visitation because father only attended four of the

twenty-five scheduled visitations with the child. Father made no effort to resume visitation. Father

also did not remain sober; he tested positive for methamphetamines, amphetamines, oxycodone, and

                                                   -6-
marijuana on numerous occasions throughout 2019. The circuit court considered this undisputed

evidence and the “substantial testimony” regarding the Department’s efforts over the

thirty-four-month foster care period and found that, despite those efforts, father did not complete the

services or make substantial progress as required by the foster care plan.

        Father also argues, in part, that the Department failed to demonstrate by clear and

convincing evidence that termination of his parental rights was in the best interests of the child.

At the time of the circuit court hearing, the child had been in foster care with the Department for

approximately thirty-four months.6 Despite all the services offered to father, he still was not in a

position to care for the child. “It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy

period of time waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or

her] responsibilities.” Tackett v. Arlington Cnty. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 62 Va. App. 296, 322

(2013) (quoting Kaywood v. Halifax Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540 (1990)).

        The circuit court reasoned that much of the evidence in the record focused on the child’s

struggles due to the abuse or neglect she suffered and that “although progress has been slow, the

[child] continue[d] to make progress in foster care.” The Department presented expert testimony

from the child’s counselor who opined that it would be “detrimental” to return the child to either

biological parent because “the child exhibited a trauma bond with [mother] and [father]; and . . .

the child did not recognize [them] as her parents and caretakers.” With the support of the foster

family, the child was “doing well in school and was involved in extra-curricular activities, including

ballet, gymnastics and tee-ball.” The foster family considered the child “part of the[] family” and

demonstrated a commitment to the child. Based on this evidence, we find that the circuit court did

not err in finding that it was in the child’s best interests to terminate father’s parental rights.

        6
            The child previously spent nineteen months in foster care with Carroll DSS.
                                                 -7-
       Father also argues on appeal that the Department did not exhaust alternative, less drastic

remedies, such as relative placement with his sister and niece. We find that this argument is

procedurally barred for failure to comply with Rules 5A:18 and 5A:20.

       Rule 5A:18 states that no trial court ruling “will be considered as a basis for reversal

unless an objection was stated with reasonable certainty at the time of the ruling, except for good

cause shown or to enable this Court to attain the ends of justice.” Rule 5A:18 requires a litigant

“to make timely and specific objections, so that the trial court has ‘an opportunity to rule

intelligently on the issues presented, thus avoiding unnecessary appeals and reversals.’” Brown

v. Commonwealth, 279 Va. 210, 217 (2010) (quoting West v. Commonwealth, 43 Va. App. 327,

337 (2004)). “In order to preserve an issue for appeal, ‘an objection must be timely made and

the grounds stated with specificity.’” McDuffie v. Commonwealth, 49 Va. App. 170, 177 (2006)

(quoting Marlowe v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 619, 621 (1986)). “Specificity and timeliness

undergird the contemporaneous-objection rule [and] animate its highly practical purpose.”

Bethea v. Commonwealth, 297 Va. 730, 743 (2019) (quoting Dickerson v. Commonwealth, 58

Va. App. 351, 356 (2011)). “Not just any objection will do. It must be both specific and

timely—so that the trial judge would know the particular point being made in time to do

something about it.” Id.

       At the conclusion of the evidence in the trial court, father noted one broad objection that

“the evidence was insufficient to terminate appellant’s parental rights.” Father’s objection failed

to articulate any argument that the Department did not exhaust alternative, less drastic remedies,

such as relative placement. Therefore, we find that the issue of relative placement was not

preserved with the requisite specificity at the trial court level, in violation of Rule 5A:18.

       Further, father’s opening brief fails to include any legal authority in support of the

assertion that the Department failed to exhaust alternative, less drastic remedies, such as relative

                                                 -8-
placement. Rule 5A:20(e) requires that an appellant’s opening brief contain “[t]he principles of

law, the argument, and the authorities relating to each question presented.” Unsupported

assertions of error “do not merit appellate consideration.” Buchanan v. Buchanan, 14 Va. App.

53, 56 (1992). Father’s opening brief simply contends that “there are relatives, [father’s] sister

and niece, that the Department did not investigate as to whether or not they were possible

suitable placements. Even though they came forward late in process, the Department should

have investigated them as relative placement is a preferred option to termination of parental

rights.” Father fails to cite relevant statutory authority or case law in support of this contention.

        As we stated in Fadness v. Fadness, 52 Va. App. 833, 851 (2008), “[a]ppellate courts are

not unlit rooms where [litigants] may wander blindly about, hoping to stumble upon a reversible

error. If the parties believed that the circuit court erred, it was their duty to present that error to

us with legal authority to support their contention.” To ignore Rule 5A:20(e) by addressing this

issue on the merits “would require this court to be an advocate for, as well as the judge of the

correctness of, [appellant’s] position on the issues he raises.” Jones v. Commonwealth, 51

Va. App. 730, 734-35 (2008). This Court will not advocate on the father’s behalf “to ferret-out

for ourselves the validity of” father’s assertion regarding relative placement. Fitzgerald v. Bass,

6 Va. App. 38, 56 n.7 (1988) (en banc); see also Buchanan, 14 Va. App. at 56 (“We will not

search the record for errors in order to interpret the appellant’s contention and correct

deficiencies in a brief.”).

        “When a party’s ‘failure to strictly adhere to the requirements of Rule 5A:20(e)’ is

significant, ‘the Court of Appeals may . . . treat a question presented [now assignment of error]

as waived.’” Parks v. Parks, 52 Va. App. 663, 664 (2008) (first alteration in original) (quoting

Jay v. Commonwealth, 275 Va. 510, 520 (2008)); see also Budnick v. Budnick, 42 Va. App. 823,

834 (2004) (“Having presented no citations or authority in his brief in support of these questions,

                                                  -9-
husband has waived these questions on appeal and we need not address them.”). We find that

father’s non-compliance with Rule 5A:20(e) as it relates to the issue of relative placement is

significant, and therefore we will not address the merits of that portion of father’s argument.

       Considering the totality of the evidence and the issues preserved and briefed on appeal,

the circuit court did not err in terminating father’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2)

and finding that termination was in the child’s best interests.

       “When a lower court’s judgment is made on alternative grounds, this Court need only

determine whether any of the alternatives is sufficient to sustain the judgment.” Castillo, 68

Va. App. at 574 n.9; see also Fields v. Dinwiddie Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 8

(2005) (the Court affirmed termination of parental rights under one subsection of Code

§ 16.1-283 and did not need to address termination of parental rights pursuant to another

subsection). We find that the circuit court did not err in terminating father’s parental rights

under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2); therefore, we do not need to reach the question of whether father’s

parental rights also should have been terminated under Code § 16.1-283(C)(1).

                                          CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is affirmed.

                                                                                           Affirmed.

                                                - 10 -