Court Opinion

ID: 9928064
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-01-30 18:12:34.668361+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:46:27.853534
License: Public Domain

01/30/2024
         IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT NASHVILLE
                             Assigned on Briefs January 10, 2024

               TERRANCE REESE v. FRANK STRADA, WARDEN

                   Appeal from the Circuit Court for Trousdale County
                    No. 2022-CV-4983 Michael Wayne Collins, Judge
                        ___________________________________

                               No. M2023-00961-CCA-R3-HC
                           ___________________________________

Terrance Reese,1 Petitioner, appeals from the denial of his petition for habeas corpus relief,
in which he alleged that he received an illegal sentence, that the trial court lacked subject
matter jurisdiction, and that one of his convictions was void. The habeas corpus court
summarily dismissed the petition because the judgments were valid on their face and the
trial court had jurisdiction over the offenses. Petitioner appeals the dismissal of the
petition. We affirm the judgment of the habeas corpus court.

    Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

TIMOTHY L. EASTER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT L.
HOLLOWAY, JR., and JILL BARTEE AYERS, JJ., joined.

Terrance Reese, Hartsville, Tennessee, Pro Se.

Jonathan Skrmetti, Attorney General and Reporter; G. Kirby May, Assistant Attorney
General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                              OPINION

      Petitioner was convicted by a jury of four counts of unlawful possession of a
weapon, one count of vandalism, and two counts of aggravated assault. State v. Reece, No.
E2020-01589-CCA-R3-CD, 2022 WL 484569, at *1-6 (Tenn. Crim. App. Feb. 17, 2022),

1
  Petitioner’s name is spelled both Terrance Reece and Terrance Reese throughout the technical record
submitted to this Court on appeal and in prior appeals from his original convictions. Because Petitioner’s
name is spelled Terrance Reese (Alias: Reece, Terrance) on the judgment forms, we have chosen to utilize
Reese as the spelling of his name.
perm. app. denied (Tenn. June 8, 2022). Petitioner was acquitted of one count of
aggravated assault. Id. Eight counts related to the criminal gang offense enhancement
statute were dismissed by the State prior to trial. As a result of the convictions, Petitioner
received a total effective sentence of 22 years. Id. at *1. The first 12 years of the sentence
were ordered to be served at 60% as a career offender, and the last 10 years were ordered
to be served at 45% as a persistent offender. Id.

       Petitioner appealed his convictions, arguing that the trial court made several errors
and that the evidence was insufficient to support the convictions. Id. Petitioner did not
challenge the indictment or sentence on direct appeal. This Court affirmed Petitioner’s
convictions. Id.

        Petitioner filed a pro se petition for habeas corpus relief in April of 2022. He alleged
in that petition that his sentences were illegal because the indictment added an additional
offense of aggravated assault that was not included in the original affidavit of complaint.
Because of the addition of the offense, Petitioner surmised that the indictments were void
and therefore all of his convictions were void. Petitioner also complained that the
prosecutor violated the Tennessee Rules of Professional Conduct by “prosecuting a charge”
that was “not supported by probable cause.” Petitioner insisted that the judgments were
void because the “trial court lacked jurisdiction to render the judgments” where the
prosecutor proceeded “without probable cause.”

       Two months later, Petitioner amended his petition for habeas corpus relief, alleging
that because he was not charged in the affidavit of complaint with unlawful possession of
a weapon or charged with one of the counts of aggravated assault, the trial court did not
have subject matter jurisdiction. As a result, Petitioner alleged his convictions were void.

       Petitioner again amended his petition in March of 2023, this time alleging that the
conviction, sentence, and judgment for Count 6 of the indictment (pertaining to one count
of aggravated assault) were void because the “statement of facts in the indictment” were
not included in the initial affidavit so the trial court did not have subject matter jurisdiction
and the judgment was void.

        Without a hearing, the habeas corpus court entered an order dismissing the petition.
The habeas corpus court determined that the judgments were “valid on their face and the
trial court had jurisdiction, therefore, any and all claims for relief . . . [were] hereby denied
without an evidentiary hearing.” Petitioner timely appealed.

                                           Analysis

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        On appeal, Petitioner repeats his argument that the trial court lacked subject matter
jurisdiction to “adjudicate the offense charged in Count 6” and, therefore, all the judgments
are void. Petitioner also argues that the State is guilty of malicious prosecution because
the indictment for Counts 6 and 10-17 were not supported by probable cause, rendering the
entire indictment defective. The State, on the other hand, supports the habeas corpus
court’s conclusion that Petitioner failed to state a colorable claim or establish that his
judgments were void. We agree with the State.

        Article I, section 15 of the Tennessee Constitution guarantees to prisoners the right
to seek habeas corpus relief. As such, “[a]ny person imprisoned or restrained of liberty,
under any pretense whatsoever . . . may prosecute a writ of habeas corpus, to inquire into
the cause of such imprisonment and restraint.” T.C.A. § 29-21-101. That said, the grounds
on which habeas corpus relief will be granted are narrow. Hickman v. State, 153 S.W.3d
16, 20 (Tenn. 2004). Habeas corpus relief is available only when it appears on the face of
the judgment or record of the proceedings that the convicting court was without jurisdiction
or that the petitioner is still imprisoned after his sentence has expired. Id.; Archer v. State,
851 S.W.2d 157, 164 (Tenn. 1993). In other words, habeas corpus relief may be granted
only when the judgment of conviction is void, rather than merely voidable. Summers v.
State, 212 S.W.3d 251, 255 (Tenn. 2007). A void judgment is “one that is facially invalid
because the court did not have the statutory authority to render such judgment.” Id. at 256
(citing Dykes v. Compton, 978 S.W.2d 528, 529 (Tenn. 1998)). A voidable judgment is
“one that is facially valid and requires proof beyond the face of the record or judgment to
establish its invalidity.” Summers, 212 S.W.3d at 256 (citing Dykes, 978 S.W.2d at 529).

        Here, Petitioner challenges the subject matter jurisdiction of the trial court to
adjudicate Count 6 of the indictment and claims that all judgments are void because the
trial court lacked jurisdiction. Moreover, Petitioner complains that the State presented
Count 6 and Counts 10-17 as additional charges that were not included in the original
affidavit of complaint. Petitioner insists that these “malicious accusations” resulted in void
judgments. We disagree.

       “‘Lack of jurisdiction’ refers to subject matter jurisdiction[,]” or “a court’s authority
to adjudicate a dispute brought before it.” State v. Nixon, 977 S.W.2d 119, 120 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1997) (emphasis in original); Freeman v. CSX Transp., Inc., 359 S.W.3d 171,
176 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2010). “Subject matter jurisdiction involves the nature of the cause
of action and the relief sought and can only be conferred on a court by legislative or
constitutional act.” State v. Yoreck, 133 S.W.3d 606, 612 (Tenn. 2004). “The circuit and
criminal courts have original jurisdiction of all criminal matters not exclusively conferred
by law on some other tribunal.” T.C.A. § 40-1-108.

                                             -3-
        A habeas corpus petitioner may challenge the validity of an indictment “when the
indictment is so defective as to deprive the court of jurisdiction.” Dykes, 978 S.W.2d at
529. An indictment must provide the accused with “the nature and cause of the accusation”
against him. U.S. Const. amend. VI; Tenn. Const. art. I, § 9. The indictment must state
the facts in such a way that “enable[s] a person of common understanding to know what is
intended.” T.C.A. § 40-13-202. “[A]n indictment is valid if it provides sufficient
information (1) to enable the accused to know the accusation to which answer is required,
(2) to furnish the court adequate basis for the entry of a proper judgment, and (3) to protect
the accused from double jeopardy.” State v. Hill, 954 S.W.2d 725, 727 (Tenn. 1997)
(citations omitted).

       Generally, defenses and objections based on a defective indictment must be raised
prior to trial or they are waived. Tenn. R. Crim. P. 12(b)(2), (f). However, a court may
hear a claim that the indictment fails to show jurisdiction in the court “at any stage of the
proceedings, including in a habeas corpus petition.” Wyatt v. State, 24 S.W.3d 319, 323
(Tenn. 2000). Here, the State sought to add Count 6 of the indictment based on the
investigation after the initial affidavit of complaint. Count 6 of the indictment alleged that
Petitioner,

              On or about the 28th day of April, 2018, in the State and County
       aforesaid, did unlawfully and knowingly cause [the victim] to reasonably fear
       imminent bodily injury, while said [Petitioner] was using or displaying a
       deadly weapon, in violation of T.C.A. 39-13-102, and against the peace and
       dignity of the State of Tennessee.

       A prosecutor can seek additional charges based on the evidence during the pendency
of a case, sometimes even resulting in the issuance of a superseding indictment. State v.
Mangrum, 403 S.W.3d 152, 163-65 (Tenn. 2013). Here, the prosecutor added a specific
count of aggravated assault pertaining to one of the victims, in Count 6, based on the
investigation and probable cause. Petitioner’s case was tried before the Knox County
Criminal Court, which had subject matter jurisdiction over crimes occurring within Knox
County. Because Petitioner cannot establish that the trial court was without jurisdiction or
authority to sentence Petitioner or that his sentence was expired, any challenge to Count 6
or Counts 10-17 on the basis of some sort of “malicious” behavior of the prosecutor would
not render the judgments void. Hickman, 153 S.W.3d at 20.

       As to Petitioner’s challenge to the counts of the indictment numbered 10-17, these
counts pertained to alleged violations of the criminal gang offense enhancement and were
dismissed prior to trial. Petitioner did not challenge any of the indictments prior to trial,
and by virtue of their dismissal there are no judgments that could be properly challenged

                                            -4-
in the habeas corpus context as void. The habeas corpus court properly dismissed the
petition on the basis that Petitioner failed to state a colorable claim.

                                   CONCLUSION

      For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the habeas corpus court is affirmed.

                                            ____________________________________
                                            TIMOTHY L. EASTER, JUDGE

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