Court Opinion

ID: 2742503
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-10-15 19:04:31.984142+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:31:28.590206
License: Public Domain

This opinion will be unpublished and
                          may not be cited except as provided by
                          Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).

                               STATE OF MINNESOTA
                               IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                     A14-0404

                                   State of Minnesota,
                                      Respondent,

                                           vs.

                                Martez Antonio Richard,
                                      Appellant.

                                 Filed October 14, 2014
                                        Affirmed
                                     Larkin, Judge

                             Hennepin County District Court
                               File No. 27-CR-12-42476

Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and

Michael O. Freeman, Hennepin County Attorney, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for
respondent)

Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for
appellant)

         Considered and decided by Larkin, Presiding Judge; Bjorkman, Judge; and Smith,

Judge.
                        UNPUBLISHED OPINION

LARKIN, Judge

      Appellant challenges the district court’s revocation of his probation, arguing that

the evidence does not show that the need for confinement outweighs the policies favoring

probation. We affirm.

                                         FACTS

      In 2013, appellant Martez Antonio Richard pleaded guilty to first-degree

aggravated robbery. He admitted that he arranged to sell an iPhone to the robbery victim

and set up a meeting for this purpose. Instead of selling the victim an iPhone, Richard

produced a pellet gun and robbed the victim at gunpoint.

      The presumptive sentence under the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines was a

commitment to prison. But the district court granted a dispositional departure and placed

Richard on probation.    The district court ordered Richard to serve one year in the

workhouse as a condition of probation, but it allowed him to remain out of custody and to

report to the workhouse to serve his term of incarceration a few weeks later, so that he

could attend a pending family-court hearing. The district court provided Richard written

instructions directing him to contact probation within 48 hours, to report to the

workhouse on a specified date, and not to leave the state without permission.

      Richard never contacted probation or reported to the workhouse. He was arrested

approximately five months later on domestic assault and robbery charges in Pennsylvania

and was released to Minnesota’s hold for the alleged probation violation. The district

court found that Richard violated probation and that the violation was intentional and

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inexcusable. The district court explained that it was “not a small” violation, that it was a

“big deal,” and that “it would unduly depreciate the seriousness of this violation if

probation was not revoked.” The district court therefore revoked Richard’s probation.

Richard appeals.

                                     DECISION

       When revoking probation, the district court must: “(1) designate the specific

condition or conditions that were violated; (2) find that the violation was intentional or

inexcusable; and (3) find that need for confinement outweighs the policies favoring

probation.” State v. Austin, 295 N.W.2d 246, 250 (Minn. 1980). In assessing the third

factor, courts consider whether “confinement is necessary to protect the public from

further criminal activity by the offender,” “the offender is in need of correctional

treatment which can most effectively be provided if he is confined,” or

“it would unduly depreciate the seriousness of the violation if probation were not

revoked.” Id. at 251.

       “The decision to revoke cannot be a reflexive reaction to an accumulation of

technical violations but requires a showing that the offender’s behavior demonstrates that

he or she cannot be counted on to avoid antisocial activity.” Id. (quotation omitted). A

district court “has broad discretion in determining if there is sufficient evidence to revoke

probation and should be reversed only if there is a clear abuse of that discretion.” Id. at

249-50.

       Richard argues that the district court abused its discretion because “the evidence

did not show that the need for confinement outweighed the policies favoring probation.”

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Richard explains that (1) because he had never been on probation before, he did not

understand what was expected of him; (2) he left the state because his grandmother died;

(3) he remained out of state because his child was ill; and (4) because of all of the stress

in his life, he forgot that he was required to report to the workhouse until he was arrested

and the authorities in Pennsylvania discovered his Minnesota hold. Richard contends that

the district court inappropriately based revocation on the fact that he received a

dispositional departure and that, therefore, the district court’s decision was impermissibly

reflexive. We disagree.

       The district court provided Richard written instructions regarding his sentence and

his probationary obligations, including the date on which he was required to turn himself

in at the workhouse. Richard’s claim that he nonetheless “forgot” that he had to serve a

term of incarceration as a condition of probation demonstrates that he is not amenable to

probation and cannot be counted on to avoid antisocial activity. Although the district

court mentioned that Richard received a dispositional departure, it did so in the context of

considering the gravity of the underlying offense, which is a permissible consideration.

See State v. Osborne, 732 N.W.2d 249, 254 (Minn. 2007) (affirming the district court’s

revocation of Osborne’s probation “based on the severity of [his underlying] offenses and

his prior criminal history”); Austin, 295 N.W.2d at 251 (stating that the court’s finding on

the third factor should be based on “the original offense and the intervening conduct of

the offender”); Minn. Sent. Guidelines 3.B (2012) (stating that when considering whether

to revoke probation, “[l]ess judicial tolerance is urged for offenders who were convicted

of a more severe offense”).

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       The district court specifically explained its finding on the third Austin factor: “it

would unduly depreciate the seriousness of this violation if probation was not revoked.

This is not a small violation. . . . This is a big deal.” Given Richard’s complete and

immediate failure to comply with his probationary requirements and the severity of the

underlying offense, we agree. The district court’s revocation of Richard’s probation was

not an abuse of discretion.

       Affirmed.

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