Court Opinion

ID: 4399123
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-05-21 23:47:35.893988+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:58:17.941345
License: Public Domain

Affirmed and Opinion filed May 21, 2019.

                                           In The

                       Fourteenth Court of Appeals

                                  NO. 14-18-01057-CV

    IN THE INTEREST OF T.L.E. A/K/A T.E., AND D.V.E A/K/A A.D.E.,
                           CHILDREN

                      On Appeal from the 315th District Court
                               Harris County, Texas
                        Trial Court Cause No. 2017-04339J

                                         OPINION

       The issues in this case involve whether the trial court’s findings to terminate
a father’s parental rights are supported by legally- and factually-sufficient evidence.
This accelerated appeal arises from a final order in which, after a bench trial, the trial
court terminated the parental rights of F.G.M. (Mother) and S.C.E. (Father) with
respect to their children, T.L.E. (Ted) and D.V.E. (Dale),1 and appointed the
Department of Family and Protective Services to be the children’s sole managing

       1
          To protect the minors’ identities, we have not used the actual names of the children,
parents, or other family members. See Tex. R. App. P. 9.8.
conservator. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 109.002(a-1).

      Mother executed a voluntary affidavit of relinquishment and has not appealed
the termination of her parental rights. Father challenges the legal and factual
sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court’s findings on the predicate
ground of endangerment and that termination is in the children’s best interest. See
Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(b)(1)(D), (E), (2). Father further argues the record
in this appeal should be limited to the reporter’s record because the trial court did
not take judicial notice of its file. We affirm.

                                 I.   BACKGROUND

A. Pretrial proceedings

      1. Pretrial Removal Affidavit

      The children came into the care of the Department when Dale was born. At
Dale’s birth, Mother tested positive for methamphetamine and marijuana in her hair.
The Department engaged Family Based Safety Services (FBSS) in an attempt to
reunite the family. Despite completing substance abuse counseling through FBSS
Mother relapsed, testing positive for cocaine and marijuana. Father was repeatedly
asked to submit to a hair follicle test, but would not cooperate with the Department.
The Department was unable to verify Father’s whereabouts due to his “continual
avoidance of any Department requests.” The children were placed in a temporary
Parental Child Safety Placement with their maternal aunt.

      2.     Department History

      Mother has three other children by another man, N.H. (Nick). One of those
children, N.H. (Nancy) was the complainant in an indecency-with-a-child charge
filed against Father. In 2001 the Department received a referral alleging sexual abuse
by Father against Nancy, Father’s stepdaughter. Nancy was interviewed by the

                                            2
Children’s Assessment Center where she disclosed sexual abuse by Father, which
included fondling of her vagina, over her underwear. Nancy’s siblings, Mother’s
other two children, disclosed physical abuse by Father alleging that Father “whips
the children with a cowboy belt and leaves bruises.” The children reported domestic
violence in their home between Father and Mother. Mother agreed to allow Nancy
and her siblings to live with Nick, who was protective of the children.

       Father subsequently pleaded guilty to indecency with a child by contact and
was sentenced to two years in prison. Father was also required to register as a sex
offender under Chapter 62 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

       In 2015 an allegation of sexual abuse of Ted by Father was reported, but ruled
out.

       3.    Criminal History

       Father has been convicted of burglary of a motor vehicle (1989), unauthorized
use of a motor vehicle (1990), indecency with a child by sexual contact (2001), and
driving while license suspended (2015).

       4.    The Investigation

       After the children were removed, Father contacted the Department
caseworker. Father told the caseworker he “has been in his children’s lives and has
been in communication with [Mother].” Father was informed that in order to obtain
the return of his children he would need to complete drug testing as requested and
follow up with another caseworker about services required by a family-service plan.
The caseworker noted in the affidavit’s conclusion that Father did not report for a
hair-follicle test and had stopped cooperating with the Department.

B.     Final Hearing

       The Department caseworker introduced her permanency report to the court,
                                          3
which was admitted without objection. In the report the caseworker noted that the
Department received a referral alleging neglectful supervision of both children
because Dale was exposed to drugs while Mother was pregnant. The report noted
both parents’ history of involvement with the Department, which began in 1998 with
Mother’s children and picked up again in 2015 with allegations of abuse by Father
against Ted, and in 2016 with allegations of abuse by both parents against Ted.

      The report described Ted as a well-mannered four-year old who enjoyed
coloring and playing with his toys. Ted had been learning Spanish and was described
as “very bright.” At the time of the report Ted was placed in a foster home, which
was providing a safe and nurturing environment. In addition to providing Ted with
basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter, the foster parents provided Ted with
extracurricular and social activities including church attendance, birthday parties,
and vacations.

      Dale was described as a happy one-year-old boy who was walking and
exploring his surroundings. Dale had begun speaking and repeating numbers and
letters. Dale lived in the same foster home as Ted and was enjoying the same safe
and nurturing environment with his brother. Dale attended church with his foster
family as well as birthday parties.

      Mother stated she was voluntarily entering substance-abuse treatment and was
relinquishing her parental rights. Mother did not object to the children being placed
with Father’s cousin.

      The caseworker testified that a family-service plan was created for Father,
who was required to maintain employment and stable housing in addition to
cooperating with the Department and attending all court hearings and permanency
reviews. Father was not required to submit to drug testing as a part of his plan. Father
fully complied with the service plan. Father was consistent in visiting the children,
                                           4
and the children appeared to have bonded with him.

      The caseworker testified about Father’s 2001 conviction for indecency with a
child. When the caseworker spoke with Father about the offense, Father denied
committing the offense, arguing that Nancy was coerced to accuse him. The
caseworker testified that the Department sought to terminate Father’s rights based
on the prior conviction for indecency and Father would be incapable of caring for
Ted and Dale because of the allegations of abuse of his stepchildren. The caseworker
testified that it is the Department’s policy not to place children with registered sex
offenders.

      The foster mother has been caring for the children since they came into care
with the exception of three days. For those three days the children were with their
older half-sibling, Nancy. The children were removed from Nancy because she did
not seek medical care for one of the children when he had an obvious eye infection,
and she allowed Father unsupervised access to the children.

      Father testified that he pleaded guilty to the earlier indecency-with-a-child
charge in which Nancy was the complainant. Nancy was seven years old and Father
was 28 years old at the time of the offense. At the time Dale was born, Father and
Mother had been living together for more than twenty years. When Ted was two
years old Father moved out for one year, but reconciled with Mother approximately
one year later. Father testified that after he discovered Mother’s drug use he did not
leave her alone with Ted. Father left Mother again when he found out she tested
positive for methamphetamine when Dale was born. Father’s testimony was
contradicted by the caseworker who testified that Mother and Father were living
together at the time Dale was born and that family members told the caseworker that
Ted has always lived with Mother.

      On cross-examination Father acknowledged that he pleaded guilty to
                                          5
indecency with a child by contact noting, “They said I touched her.” When asked:
“That you touched her on her genitals,” he responded, “Yes.” He then volunteered
the following additional comment: “Over her clothes.”

      When asked at what point he learned about Mother’s drug use, Father
responded: “Well, when she had the baby, it was prescribed drugs. They said
methamphetamines or something like that.” When asked if he knew
methamphetamine was not a prescribed drug, he said, “I know it’s pills. I know it
was ecstasy pills.” When asked if ecstasy pills were a prescribed medication, Father
said, “I don’t know much about it.”

      The foster mother testified that the children had lived with her since Dale was
eight months old. At that time Dale was behind on his immunizations and Ted had
nine cavities. Ted was also behind on immunizations. The foster mother ensured that
both children received the medical and dental care they needed. The foster mother
used her own money to pay for Ted’s dental work because she did not want him to
have inferior dental work. Both children were in school at the time of the final
hearing in addition to receiving tutoring. Ted and Dale accompanied the foster
family on outings including birthday parties and museum visits. The foster mother
would like to adopt the children. She is assisted by her daughter, fiancé, and friends
in maintaining a structured, stable environment for the children.

      Both children have bonded with the foster mother’s older children. The
children call her fiancé “Papa.” Ted helps out with Dale. They are both “good loving
children.”

      After hearing testimony and documentary evidence, the trial court terminated
Father’s parental rights on endangerment grounds.

                                          6
                                     II.   ANALYSIS

       In Father’s first issue, he challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the
evidence to support the trial court’s finding on the predicate ground of
endangerment. In Father’s second issue he challenges the legal and factual
sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court’s finding that termination is in
the best interest of the children.

A. Standards of review

       Involuntary termination of parental rights is a serious matter that implicates
fundamental constitutional rights. Holick v. Smith, 685 S.W.2d 18, 20 (Tex. 1985);
In re D.R.A., 374 S.W.3d 528, 531 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2012, no pet.).
Although parental rights are of constitutional magnitude, they are not absolute. In re
C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 26 (Tex. 2002) (“Just as it is imperative for courts to recognize
the constitutional underpinnings of the parent-child relationship, it is also essential
that emotional and physical interests of the child not be sacrificed merely to preserve
that right.”).

       Due to the severity and permanency of terminating the parental relationship,
the law in Texas requires clear and convincing evidence to support such an order.
See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(b); In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 265–66 (Tex.
2002). “Clear and convincing evidence” means “the measure or degree of proof that
will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth
of the allegations sought to be established.” Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 101.007; In re
J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 264.

       The heightened burden of proof in termination cases results in a heightened
standard of review. In re C.M.C., 273 S.W.3d 862, 873 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th
Dist.] 2008, no pet.) (op. on reh’g). We review the legal sufficiency of the evidence

                                             7
by considering all evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine
whether a reasonable factfinder could have formed a firm belief or conviction that
its finding was true. In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 344 (Tex. 2009). We must assume
that the factfinder resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding if a reasonable
factfinder could do so, and we disregard all evidence that a reasonable factfinder
could have disbelieved or found incredible. Id.; In re D.R.A., 374 S.W.3d at 531.
However, this does not compel us to disregard all evidence that does not support the
finding. In re D.R.A., 374 S.W.3d at 531. Because of the heightened standard, we
also must be mindful of any undisputed evidence contrary to the finding and consider
that evidence in our analysis. Id.

      In reviewing the factual sufficiency of the evidence under the
clear-and-convincing burden, we consider and weigh all of the evidence, including
disputed or conflicting evidence. In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d at 345. “If, in light of the
entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not have
credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a factfinder could not reasonably
have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the evidence is factually insufficient.”
Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). We give due deference to the factfinder’s
findings, and we cannot substitute our own judgment for that of the factfinder. In re
H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d 105, 108 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam).

      In a proceeding to terminate the parent-child relationship brought under
Family Code section 161.001, the petitioner must establish, by clear-and-convincing
evidence, one or more acts or omissions enumerated under subsection 1 of section
161.001(b) and that termination is in the best interest of the child under subsection
2. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(b); In re J.L., 163 S.W.3d 79, 84 (Tex. 2005).

B.    Judicial Notice of the Clerk’s Record

      In his third issue Father argues the record on appeal should be limited to the
                                           8
reporter’s record because the trial court did not announce that it took judicial notice
of its file. Father acknowledges authority adverse to his position from this court. See,
e.g., In re K.F., 402 S.W.3d 497, 504 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, pet.
denied). Father states, “Because this Court has already spoken to this issue,
Appellant raises this here to preserve for supreme court review of the due process
concerns and split in the courts of appeals.” Because we are bound by this court’s
precedent, we overrule Father’s third issue. See Taylor v. First Community Credit
Union, 316 S.W.3d 863, 869 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no pet.); In re
F.M.E.A.F., No. 14-18-00865-CV, 2019 WL 1291314 at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] Mar. 21, 2019, no pet. h.) (overruling identical issue raised by parent).
We presume the trial court took judicial notice of the clerk’s record. See In re K.F.,
402 S.W.3d at 504.

          We agree with Father that no factual statements or allegations contained in
the clerk’s record, which were not admitted during the final hearing, may be
considered evidence when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence. See In re
F.M.E.A.F., 2019 WL 1291314 at *2 (trial court may not take judicial notice of the
truth of factual statements and allegations contained in the documents in the court’s
files).

          Accordingly, we overrule Father’s third issue and will review the full record
before this court, including the clerk’s record.

C.        Predicate Termination Grounds

          The trial court made predicate termination findings that Father committed acts
establishing the grounds set out in subsections D and E of section 161.001(b)(1),
which provides for termination of parental rights if the factfinder finds by clear and
convincing evidence that the parent has:

                                             9
      (D) knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the child to remain in
      conditions or surroundings which endanger the physical or emotional
      well-being of the child;
      . . . [or]
      (E) engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the child with persons who
      engaged in conduct which endangers the physical or emotional
      well-being of the child[.]

Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(b)(1)(D) and (E).

      Only one predicate finding under section 161.001(b)(1) is necessary to
support a judgment of termination when the factfinder also finds that termination is
in the children’s best interest. See In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2003). We
will address the trial court’s finding of endangerment under subsection E.

      “To endanger” means to expose a child to loss or injury or to jeopardize a
child’s emotional or physical health. See In re M.C., 917 S.W.2d 268, 269 (Tex.
1996) (per curiam); In re S.R., 452 S.W.3d 351, 360 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th
Dist.] 2014, pet. denied). A finding of endangerment under subsection E requires
evidence that the endangerment was the result of the parent’s conduct, including
acts, omissions, or failures to act. In re S.R., 452 S.W.3d at 360. Termination under
subsection E must be based on more than a single act or omission; the statute requires
a voluntary, deliberate, and conscious course of conduct by the parent. Id. A trial
court properly may consider actions and inactions occurring both before and after a
child’s birth and before and after removal to establish a course of conduct. Id. at
360–61. “While endangerment often involves physical endangerment, the statute
does not require that conduct be directed at a child or that the child actually suffers
injury; rather, the specific danger to the child’s well-being may be inferred from
parents’ misconduct alone.” Id. at 360 (citing Tex. Dep’t of Human Servs. v. Boyd,
727 S.W.2d 531, 533 (Tex. 1987)). A parent’s conduct that subjects a child to a life
of uncertainty and instability endangers the child’s physical and emotional well-
                                          10
being. Id.

       Father argues that the Department conceded that Father’s prior conviction for
indecency with a child did not support a predicate ground for termination. In making
this argument Father relies on a portion of the Department’s closing argument:

       I did plead — and I did look at [Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §
       161.001(b)(1)(L)],2 which is the respondent’s been convicted or has
       been placed in community supervision, including deferred adjudication
       supervision or being criminally responsible, and the language is for the
       death or serious injury of a child; and the State will point out that I don’t
       think I have sufficient evidence — produced sufficient evidence on the
       serious bodily injury language contained within L; however, I do think
       that the conviction for indecency with a child goes to the best interest
       element, and that is we believe that based on all the foregoing evidence
       it would be in the best interest to terminate . . . [Father’s] . . . rights
       based on 161.001[(b)(1)], D and E grounds, Your Honor. Thank you.

Father argues that in conceding the absence of evidence to support a finding of
serious bodily injury under subsection L, the Department conceded that Father’s
prior conviction for indecency with a child was not evidence in support of the
endangerment finding.

       Father appears to argue that evidence of the prior conviction only goes toward

       2
        Subsection L permits termination of parental rights if the trial court finds by clear and
convincing evidence that the parent has:
       (L) been convicted or has been placed on community supervision, including
       deferred adjudication community supervision, for being criminally responsible for
       the death or serious injury of a child under the following sections of the Penal Code,
       or under a law of another jurisdiction that contains elements that are substantially
       similar to the elements of an offense under one of the following Penal Code
       sections, or adjudicated under Title 3 for conduct that caused the death or serious
       injury of a child and that would constitute a violation of one of the following Penal
       Code sections:
       ***
       (iv) Section 21.11 (indecency with a child);
Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(b)(1)(L)(iv).

                                                11
proof of subsection L. To the contrary, “[e]vidence of sexual abuse of one child is
sufficient to support a finding of endangerment with respect to other children.” In re
J.P.T., No. 14-16-00156-CV, 2016 WL 3947756, at *4 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th
Dist.] July 19, 2016, pet. denied) (mem. op.); In re R.W., 129 S.W.3d 732, 742 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth 2004, pet. denied). Violent or abusive acts directed toward one
child can endanger other children that are not the direct victims of the abuse in
question and support termination of parental rights as to the other children, even if
the other children were not yet born at the time of the conduct. In re L.M.N., No. 01-
18-00413-CV, 2018 WL 5831672, at *16 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 8,
2018, pet. denied) (mem. op.). Courts of appeals have consistently held in
termination cases that evidence a parent has sexually or physically abused a child
not subject of the termination action also constitutes evidence of endangerment to
the child subject to the termination action. In re E.A.K., 192 S.W.3d 133, 150–51
(Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2006, pet. denied).

      This court has previously held that we may infer from a parent’s plea of guilty
to aggravated sexual assault of a stepdaughter that the parent engaged in conduct
that will endanger or jeopardize the physical or emotional well-being of other
children in the home who may discover the abuse or be abused themselves. In re
K.K.D.B., No. 14-17-00302-CV, 2017 WL 4440546, at *7 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] Oct. 5, 2017, pet. denied) (mem. op.).

      In this case Father pleaded guilty to committing indecency with a child by
contact and was required to register as a sex offender. The child victim was one of
Mother’s children by another man. Just as in In re K.K.D.B, the trial court in this
case could reasonably find Father’s admitted sexual offense endangered Ted and
Dale. There was evidence that Father, even as an adult, did not take responsibility
for his crime, attempted to minimize his crime, and blamed his victim by contending

                                         12
the child was coerced and the event never happened.

      Father also argues that his conviction for indecency with a child was too
remote in time to constitute legally- and factually-sufficient evidence supporting the
trial court’s endangerment finding. Father suggests that this court ignore Father’s
prior conviction in reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence of endangerment.
While termination may not be based solely on conditions that existed in the distant
past but no longer exist, the dispositive inquiry is whether the past continues to bear
on the present. See In re S.G., No. 01-18-00728-CV, 2019 WL 1448870, at *9 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 2, 2019, no pet. h.) (mem. op.). Father’s conviction
for indecency with a child requires him to register as a sex offender. See Tex. Code
Crim. Proc. arts. 62.001(6)(A), 62.101(a)(1). In requiring lifetime registration, the
Legislature has made a policy decision that the crime for which Father was convicted
will never be so remote that it will no longer be a matter of legitimate public concern.
See In re S.G., 2019 WL 1448870 at *9 (citing Young v. State, 341 S.W.3d 417, 426
(Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (concern about repeat sex offenses and desire to thwart
future sex crimes underlies registration requirement)). Therefore, evidence of
Father’s prior conviction for indecency with a child by contact is sufficient to support
the trial court’s endangerment finding under section 161.001(b)(1)(E).

      Reviewing all the evidence in the light most favorable to the termination
finding under subsection E, we conclude that a reasonable factfinder could have
formed a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the finding that Father
endangered his children through his conduct. See In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d at 344.
In light of the entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could
not have credited in favor of the endangerment finding is not so significant that a
factfinder could not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction as to the
truth of this termination finding. See In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d at 108. As the finder

                                          13
of fact and sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses, the trial court was free to
disregard any or all of Father’s self-serving testimony. See In re S.A.H., 420 S.W.3d
911, 927 (Tex. App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.). We hold the evidence is
legally and factually sufficient to support the predicate termination finding under
subsection E, and overrule Father’s issue challenging this ground.

      Having concluded the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support
the trial court’s finding under subsection E, we need not review the sufficiency of
the evidence to support the subsection D finding. See In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d at 362.
We overrule Father’s issue on this ground.

D.    Best Interest of the Children

      In Father’s second issue, he challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the
evidence to support the trial court’s finding that termination of his parental rights is
in the best interest of the children. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(b)(2).

      There is a strong presumption that the best interest of the children is served
by keeping the children with their natural parents. In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 116
(Tex. 2006) (per curiam) (citing Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.131(b)); In re D.R.A.,
374 S.W.3d at 533. However, prompt and permanent placement of the children in a
safe environment is also presumed to be in the children’s best interest. In re S.R.,
452 S.W.3d at 366 (citing Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.307(a)). Proof of acts or
omissions under section 161.001(b)(1) is probative of the issue of the children’s best
interest. See id. The considerations that the factfinder may use to determine the best
interest of the children, known as the Holley factors, include:

      (1) the desires of the children;
      (2) the present and future physical and emotional needs of the children;
      (3) the present and future physical and emotional danger to the children;
      (4) the parental abilities of the person seeking custody;
                                          14
      (5) the programs available to assist the person seeking custody in
      promoting the best interest of the children;
      (6) the plans for the children by the individuals or agency seeking
      custody;
      (7) the stability of the home or proposed placement;
      (8) acts or omissions of the parent that may indicate the existing parent-
      child relationship is not appropriate; and
      (9) any excuse for the parent’s acts or omissions.
See Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371–72 (Tex. 1976); In re S.R., 452 S.W.3d
at 366; see also Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.307(b) (listing factors to be considered
in evaluating “whether the child’s parents are willing and able to provide the child
with a safe environment”). A best-interest finding does not require proof of any
unique set of factors, nor does it limit proof to any specific factors. See Holley, 544
S.W.2d at 371–72; In re S.R., 452 S.W.3d at 366.

      In reviewing the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to support the
trial court’s finding on best interest, we are mindful that the focus in a best-interest
analysis is not only on the parent’s acts or omissions, but on the nature of the
relationship the children have with the parent. In re E.N.C., 384 S.W.3d 796, 808
(Tex. 2012).

      1. The desires of the children

      The children were removed when Ted was almost four and Dale was a
newborn. When children are too young to express their desires, the factfinder may
consider that the children have bonded with the foster parents, are well cared for by
the foster parents, and have spent minimal time with a parent. In re L.G.R., 498
S.W.3d 195, 205 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2016, pet. denied).

      In addressing this factor Father observes that the evidence shows he has
bonded with his children. The record further reflects, however, that the foster parent

                                          15
has also bonded with the children. Although a child’s love of a parent is a very
important consideration in determining the best interest of the children, it cannot
override or outweigh evidence of danger to the child, nor can it compensate for the
lack of an opportunity to grow up in a normal and safe way equipped to live a normal,
productive, and satisfying life. In re K.L.P., No. 14-18-00582-CV, 2018 WL
6684275, at *10 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Dec. 20, 2018, pet. denied)
(mem. op.).

      Father argues that the foster parent, Father, and Father’s relatives are “all
equally suited to provide a stable, safe, nurturing environment.” The record contains
no evidence about Father’s relatives and whether they were equally suited to care
for the children. Father further argues that his parental rights should not be
terminated until the Department concludes its investigation of his relatives and
determines placement. Children’s anticipated placement is a factor in determining
the children’s best interest, but the fact that placement will be with non-relatives is
not a bar to termination. See In re A.L., 389 S.W.3d 896, 902 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] 2012, no pet.). That the Department has not yet considered potential
placement with a paternal relative does not bear on whether termination is in the
children’s best interest. In re K.P.C., No. 14-17-00993-CV, 2018 WL 2106669, at
*12 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] May 8, 2018, pet. denied) (mem. op.).

      2. Present and future physical and emotional needs of the children and
         present and future physical and emotional danger to them
      “Regarding this factor, we note that the need for permanence is a paramount
consideration for the child’s present and future physical and emotional needs.” In re
D.R.A., 374 S.W.3d at 533. Establishing a stable, permanent home for a child is a
compelling government interest. Id.

      The Family Code provides a list of factors that are to be considered in

                                          16
determining “whether the child’s parents are willing and able to provide the child
with a safe environment.” One of those factors is “whether there is a history of
abusive or assaultive conduct by the child’s family or others who have access to the
child’s home.” A.B. v. Texas Dep’t of Family & Protective Services, No. 03-17-
00658-CV, 2018 WL 1220894, at *4 (Tex. App.—Austin Mar. 9, 2018, no pet.)
(mem. op.). The evidence detailed above of Father’s endangering conduct supports
the trial court’s finding that termination of Father’s rights was in the children’s best
interest. A parent’s past dangerous behavior indicates the potential for future
dangerous behavior. In re J. I. T., No. 01-17-00988-CV, 2018 WL 3131158, at *17
(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 27, 2018, pet. denied) (mem. op.).

      By contrast, the foster parent is providing the children with a safe and stable
home environment. Despite the state of the children’s medical and dental health at
the time they came into care, the children were thriving at the time of the final
hearing and happy living with the foster parent. The Department’s long-term
permanent placement plan is for the foster parent to adopt the children. See In re
C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 28 (evidence about placement plans and adoption is relevant to
best interest). The trial court could have weighed these factors in favor of
termination.

      3. Acts or omissions of the parent that may indicate the existing
         parent-child relationship is not appropriate, and any excuse for the
         parent’s acts or omissions
      Father did not offer excuses for his acts or omissions. To the contrary, Father
attempted to minimize his conviction for indecency with a child by first claiming the
victim had been coerced to accuse him and second that he had done nothing wrong.
When confronted with details of his offense, Father further attempted to minimize
his actions by stating that he touched a young child’s genitals “over her clothes.”

                                          17
      Under all the circumstances in this case and applying the applicable Holley
factors to all the evidence, we conclude that legally- and factually-sufficient
evidence supports the trial court’s finding that termination of Father’s parental rights
is in the children’s best interest. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(b)(2).

      We overrule Father’s issue challenging the trial court’s best-interest finding.

                                III.          CONCLUSION

      We acknowledge that this termination finding under subsection E is based in
part on Father’s almost two-decades-old conviction of indecency with a different
child. The evidence is, however, legally and factually sufficient.

      We affirm the trial court’s final order.

                                        /s/      Charles A. Spain
                                                 Justice

Panel consists of Justices Wise, Zimmerer, and Spain.

                                          18