Court Opinion

ID: 9960115
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-15 14:07:25.484449+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:19:11.288705
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-2332-22

GLORIA V. GOMEZ,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

FELICIA WILSON, DDS, MS,
and IMPLANT DENTISTRY
ASSOCIATES OF
PHILADELPHIA, P.C.,

     Defendants-Respondents.
_____________________________

                   Submitted April 9, 2024 – Decided April 15, 2024

                   Before Judges Puglisi and Haas.

                   On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                   Division, Morris County, Docket No. L-1065-20.

                   Gold, Albanese & Barletti, LLC, attorneys for appellant
                   (Walter A. Laufenberg, on the brief).

                   Burns White, LLC, attorneys for respondents (Erika
                   Lynn Lower, on the brief).

PER CURIAM
        This case returns to us after remand proceedings directed by our previous

opinion. Gomez v. Wilson, No. A-1061-20 (App. Div. Jan. 24, 2022) (slip op.

at 8). Because the parties are thoroughly familiar with this decision and the

underlying procedural history and facts, we do not repeat them here in detail.

        In our prior opinion, we held that New Jersey did not have specific

jurisdiction over defendants in this dental malpractice case. Id. at 6.1 However,

we determined that the trial court should have given the parties the opportunity

to obtain discovery on the question of whether New Jersey had general

jurisdiction over defendants before considering defendants' motion to dismiss

the complaint. Id. at 8.

        During the remand proceedings, the parties learned that "ClearChoice

Dental Implant Centers," one of the defendants plaintiff had named in her

complaint, had been improperly included because it was not a legal corporate

entity.   Therefore, the caption of the complaint was amended to state that

"Implant Dentistry Associates of Philadelphia, P.C." (Implant Dentistry) was the

corporate entity2 responsible for maintaining the dental office in Fort

1
    The parties do not contest this ruling in this appeal.
2
    Implant Dentistry is a Pennsylvania corporation.
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Washington, Pennsylvania where plaintiff received all of her treatment relative

to her cause of action.

      Felicia Wilson, the dentist who performed the dental implant procedure

on plaintiff, confirmed that she exclusively treated plaintiff in the Pennsylvania

office and that she was not domiciled in New Jersey. 3 Wilson also asserted that

the ClearChoice facility that plaintiff alleged she maintained in Mount Laurel,

New Jersey was an entirely separate entity from Implant Dentistry. Plaintiff

provided no competent evidence to the contrary during discovery.

      Plaintiff served two sets of written interrogatories upon defendants during

the remand and defendants answered both of them. The trial court later gave

plaintiff another opportunity to seek additional discovery by extending the

discovery period to September 30, 2022. However, plaintiff did not seek any

further discovery. She also never filed a motion asking for more responsive

answers or any other information from defendants.

      Defendants thereafter filed a motion to dismiss plaintiff's complaint for

lack of jurisdiction. Defendants also asserted that plaintiff's complaint was

barred by the statute of limitations.

3
   Wilson is listed as the incorporator of Implant Dentistry in its Articles of
Incorporation.
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      Following oral argument, the trial court granted defendants' motion to

dismiss the complaint with prejudice on jurisdictional grounds. 4 In its written

decision, the court found that New Jersey lacked general jurisdiction over

Implant Dentistry because plaintiff failed to show that this Pennsylvania

corporation had any contacts with this State and plaintiff conceded that all of

her treatment occurred in the corporation's Pennsylvania office. Likewise, New

Jersey had no jurisdiction over Wilson because she was not domiciled in this

State and performed all of her work on plaintiff in Pennsylvania. This appeal

followed.

      On appeal, plaintiff contends the trial court erred in concluding that New

Jersey lacked general jurisdiction over defendants. We disagree.

      Whether a motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction should have

been granted presents a mixed question of law and fact that must be resolved at

the outset of the proceedings. Rippon v. Smigel, 449 N.J. Super. 344, 359 (App.

Div. 2017). On appeal, we examine whether the trial court's factual findings

were supported by substantial credible evidence; however, we review de novo

whether those facts supported the court's legal determination on the jurisdiction

4
  Because the court dismissed the complaint for lack of jurisdiction, it did not
address defendants' statute of limitations argument.
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                                       4
issue. Patel v. Karnavati Am., LLC, 437 N.J. Super. 415, 423 (App. Div. 2014).

The plaintiff "bears the burden of pleading sufficient facts to establish

jurisdiction." Ibid. "When a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction is made,

it is only the jurisdictional allegations that are relevant, not the sufficiency of

the allegations respecting the cause of action." Rippon, 449 N.J. Super. at 359-

60.

      For a state to have personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant and

satisfy due process, the defendant must have certain minimum contacts with the

forum state. Int'l Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316-17 (1945). Thus,

the primary focus of the personal jurisdiction inquiry is the defendant's

relationship to the forum state. Jardim v. Overley, 461 N.J. Super. 367, 375

(App. Div. 2019). The United States Supreme Court has recognized two types

of personal jurisdiction: general and specific. Ibid.5

      Under general jurisdiction, a defendant may be sued for "virtually any

claim, even if unrelated to the defendant's contacts with the forum," provided

that the defendant's activities "can be characterized as 'continuous and

systematic' contacts." Lebel v. Everglades Marina, Inc., 115 N.J. 317, 323

5
    As previously noted, we determined that New Jersey lacked specific
jurisdiction over defendants and, therefore, we do not further address that issue.
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                                        5
(1989) (quoting Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall, 466 U.S.

408, 416 (1984)). Such contacts require that it essentially be "at home" in the

foreign state, such as by having its principal place of business there or being

incorporated there. Daimler AG v. Bauman, 571 U.S. 117, 128 (2014) (quoting

Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations, S.A. v. Brown, 564 U.S. 915, 919 (2011)).

Thus, for there to be general jurisdiction, there must be "extensive" contacts

between a defendant and a forum. Mische v. Bracey's Supermarket, 420 N.J.

Super. 487, 492 (App. Div. 2011) (quoting Johnston v. Multidata Sys. Int'l

Corp., 523 F.3d 602, 609 (5th Cir. 2008)).

      Here, defendants had no contacts with New Jersey.         Wilson treated

plaintiff in Pennsylvania and is not domiciled in New Jersey. Therefore New

Jersey has no jurisdiction over her. Dutch Run-Mays Draft, LLC v. Wolf Block,

LLP, 450 N.J. Super. 590, 602 (App. Div. 2017).         Implant Dentistry is a

Pennsylvania corporation that maintains its only office in that state. All of

plaintiff's treatments occurred in that Pennsylvania office. 6 We are therefore

6
   As she did in the first appeal, plaintiff again attempts to tie Wilson to a
ClearChoice office in Mount Laurel, New Jersey. However, plaintiff has
provided no competent evidence to support her claim on this point and she
admits in her current appellate brief that "[i]t remains unknown when the Mount
Laurel, New Jersey office came into existence and what the current status of the
office is."
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                                       6
satisfied that the trial court properly dismissed plaintiff's complaint against both

defendants for lack of jurisdiction.

      Affirmed.

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