Court Opinion

ID: 9761394
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-29 01:41:46.955418+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:29:23.511153
License: Public Domain

MAUS, Chief Judge
(dissenting).
I must respectfully dissent. The subsection in question exempts from the applicability of Article 6 “[tjransfers in settlement or realization of a lien or other security interest.” § 400.6-103(3), RSMo 1978. The Uniform Commercial Code does not specifically define the terms “settlement” or “realization”. Presumably there is a distinction. The terms “transfer in settlement” appropriately refer to a secured party’s election to accept the collateral in discharge of the secured obligation under § 400.9-505. The terms “transfer in realization” appropriately refer to a transfer by a secured party in foreclosure of a security interest under § 400.9-504. In this case the collateral was transferred to a third party for a sale price that only partially satisfied the secured obligation. If the transfer is exempt from Article 6, it is because it was a transfer in realization of a security interest or the equivalent thereof.
A debtor’s transfer of collateral to a third party should not be exempt from Article 6 merely because the purchase price is applied upon the secured obligation. The basis of this dissenting opinion can be more readily visualized by making two assumptions and posing one question. First, assume the reasonable value of the transferred property if disposed of in a “commercially reasonable” manner, § 400.9-504, was $120,000.1 Second, assume the debtor in panic, because of personal desires or plans requiring haste, *335or for some other reasons, but in good faith, sold the collateral to the garnishees for $80,000.2 Are the unsecured creditors of the debtor to be without remedy? If the transfer is exempt under § 400.6-103, those unsecured creditors cannot look to the garnishees because they bought a bargain.
The basic purpose of Article 6 is to provide some measure of protection to the unsecured creditors of a bulk transferor. The expressed intent is not only to guard against an absconding bulk transferor, but also to guard against a bulk transfer for an inadequate price. “Having such notice, they can investigate the price and other circumstances of the sale before it occurs, and determine then instead of later whether they should try to stop it.” 2A U.L.A.— U.C.C. § 6 — 101, Official Comment, p. 282.3 The purpose of Article 6 must be considered in construing § 400.6-103(3). “This chapter shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies.” § 400.1-102(1).
In such construction it must also be noted that the exceptions created by § 400.6-103 are applicable only where there is some independent (other than by the transferor) assurance of a reasonable price or the interests of unsecured creditors are otherwise recognized. For example, a sale by a public officer under judicial process, § 400.6-103(4), or a transfer to a person who assumes the debts of the transferor as provided in § 400.6-103(6). To conform to the intent of Article 6 and the general scheme of § 400.6-103, a transfer in realization of a security interest should be exempt only if it provides some measure of independent assurance of a reasonable price. If a secured party realizes upon a security interest by a foreclosure sale, he must do so in a manner that is “commercially reasonable”. § 400.9-504.4 This requires a reasonable price. 69 Am.Jur.2d Secured Transactions § 650. If a secured party fails to meet this requirement, the secured party is accountable to the debtor and indirectly to his unsecured creditors. § 400.9-504 and § 400.9-507.5
However, form should not prevail over substance. The transfer in questions should be exempt if the bank participated in the sale to such a degree that it was the equivalent of a foreclosure sale so as to cause the bank to be subject to the accountability of a secured party.6 The evidentiary material before the court when it sustained the garnishee’s motion for summary judgment did not by “unassailable proof” establish that to be true within the meaning of V.A.M.R. Civil Rule 74.04. In the event such participation is not established there will remain for determination the extent of the liability of the garnishees. This liability could possibly be limited by their subrogation to the position of the bank, 73 Am.Jur.2d Subroga*336tion § 79, or to placing the plaintiff in as good a position as if the garnishees had complied with Article 6, see § 400.1-106. I would reverse the summary judgment and remand the case for further proceedings.

. In his deposition Mr. Jadwin testified the wholesale value of the collateral was $53,-584.55. Plaintiffs Exhibit 1, p. 15. On July 18, 1979, the day of their application the bank loaned garnishees $60,000.00 with the collateral as security.

. The only efforts toward a sale of the assets in question shown by the record were initiated on an undisclosed date by an employee of Barney’s. Mr. Jadwin met with the debtor’s corporate officers on July 17, 1979, and an agreement was reached. The transaction was consummated on July 18, 1979. The record establishes the shareholder-officers of the closely held corporate debtor personally guaranteed the payment of the indebtedness to the bank.

. By way of comparison: “If it is established that the secured party is not proceeding in accordance with the provisions of this part disposition may be ordered or restrained on appropriate terms and conditions.” § 400.9-507(1).

. In this case the court is not called upon to determine if under any circumstances unsecured creditors may object to a secured party’s retention of collateral under § 400.9-505.

. “In the case where he proceeds, or is about to proceed, in a contrary manner, it is vital both to the debtor and other creditors to provide a remedy for the failure to comply with the statutory duty. This remedy will be of particular importance when it is applied prospectively before the unreasonable disposition has been concluded.” § 400.9-507, Uniform Commercial Code Comment, p. 388. “Moreover, the secured party may also be held liable to any transferee of the debtor, including the holder of a lien, a receiver, trustee in bankruptcy or representative of creditors, or executor, administrator, or person in like capacity.” 69 Am. Jur.2d Secured Transactions § 649, p. 562.

. Subsection 400.6-103(1) and (3) have been referred to as “exempting the granting and foreclosing of security interests”. Hawkland, The Trouble with Article 6 of the UCC, 82 Com.L.J. 113 (1977).