Court Opinion

ID: 4658495
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-02-08 21:00:51.537233+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:01:53.488557
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        FEB 8 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

GURBHAG SINGH SANDHU,                            No.   15-72932

                Petitioner,                      Agency No. A200-943-694

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
ROBERT M. WILKINSON, Acting
Attorney General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                              Submitted February 1, 2021**
                                San Francisco, California

Before: IKUTA and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges, and EATON,*** Judge.

      Gurbhag Singh Sandhu, a native and citizen of India, applied for asylum,

withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
              Richard K. Eaton, Judge of the United States Court of International
Trade, sitting by designation.
(CAT). After making an adverse credibility determination, the Immigration Judge

(IJ) denied all relief, and the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissed

Sandhu’s subsequent appeal. Sandhu now petitions for review. We have

jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a), and we deny the petition.

      1.     Sandhu challenges the agency’s adverse credibility finding. We

review credibility determinations for substantial evidence. See Bassene v. Holder,

737 F.3d 530, 536 (9th Cir. 2013). In reviewing the BIA’s decision, “we consider

only the grounds relied upon by that agency.” Santiago-Rodriguez v. Holder, 657

F.3d 820, 829 (9th Cir. 2011) (quoting Andia v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 1181, 1184 (9th

Cir. 2004) (per curiam)).

      Substantial evidence supports the agency’s adverse credibility finding. First,

during a sworn interview with Border Patrol, Sandhu claimed fear of an individual

named Jaspal Singh but disavowed this fear during his Credible Fear Interview.

Sarvia-Quintanilla v. INS, 767 F.2d 1387, 1393 (9th Cir. 1985) (finding that lying

under oath to immigration officials supported an adverse credibility finding).

Sandhu had a reasonable opportunity to explain his misrepresentation during cross

examination when he testified that he feared Border Patrol officials because of his

past interaction with Indian police. See Rivera v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 1271, 1275

(9th Cir. 2007) (finding the noncitizen had a reasonable opportunity to explain

where she “tried to explain the numerous inconsistencies” but “[t]he IJ ultimately

                                         2
found these explanations insufficient”).

      Second, Sandhu did not disclose being attacked by the police while engaging

in political protest in his Credible Fear Interview or asylum application.1

Substantial evidence supports the adverse credibility finding based on these facts

because they added “great weight to his claim of political persecution.” See

Zamanov v. Holder, 649 F.3d 969, 974 (9th Cir. 2011). Sandhu argues that an

adverse credibility finding cannot be based on these omissions because it is unclear

whether he was physically beaten by the police. However, the agency’s decision

does not turn on whether Sandhu suffered physical blows, but on his failure to

mention being a part of a group attacked by the police, an event serious enough to

motivate him to flee his village.

      2.     The BIA did not engage in impermissible factfinding by upholding the

IJ’s credibility determination based only on Sandhu’s fabricated Jaspal Singh story

and omission of the police attack from his Credible Fear Interview and asylum

application. These inconsistencies are of “great weight” in the credibility

determination. See Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034, 1047 (9th Cir. 2010).

Indeed, the IJ identified these inconsistencies as the “most concerning” part of

      1
        Because Sandhu’s misrepresentation regarding Jaspal Singh and his failure
to mention the police attack in his Credible Fear Interview and asylum application
are sufficient to uphold the adverse credibility determination, we do not reach
Sandhu’s challenges to the BIA’s reliance on his failure to mention the police
attack during his Border Patrol interview.

                                           3
Sandhu’s testimony. It was therefore proper for the BIA to uphold the IJ’s

credibility determination.

      3.      Sandhu argues that record country conditions compel the conclusion

that he will be tortured in India, entitling him to protection under the CAT. We

review factual findings underlying denial of relief under CAT for substantial

evidence. See Zheng v. Ashcroft, 332 F.3d 1186, 1193 (9th Cir. 2003). While the

country conditions evidence documents police abuse in India, including toward

Mann party members, it does not compel the conclusion that Sandhu himself will

be the target of police torture. See Almaghzar v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 915, 922–23

(9th Cir. 2006) (finding that, “[a]lthough the reports confirm that torture takes

place in Yemen, they do not compel the conclusion that [the noncitizen] would be

tortured if returned”). Therefore, substantial evidence supports denial of CAT

protection.

      PETITION DENIED.

                                          4