Court Opinion

ID: 1069790
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:35:58.781911+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:07:16.889790
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Annunziata, Bumgardner and Clements
Argued at Alexandria, Virginia

TERRANCE DELON SLEMMONS
                                         MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v.   Record No. 2548-00-4            JUDGE RUDOLPH BUMGARDNER, III
                                               MAY 8, 2001
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY POLICE DEPARTMENT

        FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION

             James E. Swiger (Swiger & Cay, on briefs),
             for appellant.

             Angela Lemmon Horan, Senior Assistant County
             Attorney (Sharon E. Pandak, County Attorney,
             on brief), for appellee.

     Terrance D. Slemmons appeals the denial of benefits for

injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident.     The Workers'

Compensation Commission found the accident did not arise out of

and in the course of his employment.     The employee contends the

commission erred when it concluded the special errand rule did

not apply.     Finding no error, we affirm.

     The employee was a patrol officer who normally worked from

4:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m.     At the end of a shift, he arrested two

persons and appeared before a magistrate to obtain felony

warrants.     The magistrate did not issue the warrants at that

     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not
designated for publication.
time but told the employee "to come back at 3:00 p.m. the next

day."    The employee's next shift began at 4:00 p.m.

        That afternoon, the employee left his home around 2:10 p.m.

intending to return to the magistrate's office.     The office was

in the same building as the police department, and the ten-mile

trip took about twenty minutes.    The employee rode his personal

motorcycle, wore plainclothes, and carried his badge, weapon,

vest, and documents related to the warrants.     While en route, a

car hit his motorcycle and he sustained serious and permanent

injuries.

        The deputy commissioner ruled the injury did not arise out

of and in the course of the employment and the special errand

rule did not apply.    The deputy found "the claimant was not

charged with a required task or duty connected to his

employment, nor was he performing a special errand for a

supervisor when the accident occurred."     The commission affirmed

the deputy's decision.    The employee contends the commission

erred because he was performing a special errand for the

magistrate.

        Injuries sustained in an accident are compensable only if

they arise out of and in the course of the employment.      Mullins

v. Westmoreland Coal Co., 10 Va. App. 304, 306, 391 S.E.2d 609,

611 (1990).    Injuries sustained by an employee going to or from

work are generally not compensable.      Provident Life & Acc. Ins.

Co. v. Barnard, 236 Va. 41, 45, 372 S.E.2d 369, 371 (1988).

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There are three recognized exceptions:    (1) the employer

provides the means of transportation or pays for the travel

time, (2) the way used is the sole means of ingress and egress,

and (3) the employee is charged with a task while on his way to

or from work.    Sentara Leigh Hosp. v. Nichols, 13 Va. App. 630,

636, 414 S.E.2d 426, 429 (1992) (en banc).     Only the third

exception can apply to this case.

     The employee has the burden of proving an exception

applies.    Id. at 636, 414 S.E.2d at 430.   He contends that

cooperating with the magistrate's office was an essential part

of his role as a police officer.    He believed he had to, or

should, comply with the magistrate's request to return at

3:00 p.m.   However, he conceded his supervisor had not

instructed him to do so, the department wanted police officers

to go to the magistrate's office during their normal duty hours,

and he was not engaged in any law enforcement activity at the

time of the accident.

     The deputy determined that the magistrate merely "advised"

the employee to return at 3:00 p.m.     The magistrate had no

supervisory role over the employee, and the police department

did not order its employees to report to the magistrate,

although it did promote cooperation with the magistrate's

office.    The employee did not seek authorization to report to

work early to obtain the arrest warrant from the magistrate.      If

the employee had made a request, his supervisor would have

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encouraged the officer to wait until he was on duty.    No

evidence suggested the employee would have suffered any

repercussions if he had reported to the magistrate at 4:00 p.m.

The employer did not pay him overtime for coming in early and

did not compensate him for mileage.

     The employee relies upon Harbin v. Jamestown Village Joint

Venture, 16 Va. App. 190, 428 S.E.2d 754 (1993).    In that case,

the employee sustained injuries while en route to a business

meeting.    This Court held the injuries were compensable because

the employee's supervisor directed him to attend the meeting.

In this case, the employee was not acting under an order of his

employer.

     In oral argument, the employee argued Graybeal v. Board of

Supervisors of Montgomery County, 216 Va. 77, 216 S.E.2d 52

(1975), and Thore v. Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors,

10 Va. App. 327, 391 S.E.2d 882 (1990), were authority for

applying the special errand rule.   Neither case involves

injuries received while coming or going to work nor the special

errand rule.

     In Graybeal, a bomb planted on a family car at the home of

a Commonwealth's Attorney exploded and injured him.    The

Commonwealth's Attorney had previously prosecuted the bomber who

sought revenge for the successful murder prosecution.   The Court

held the employee was in the course of the employment because

the injury originated in the employment.   "The course from

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prosecution to desire-for-revenge to injury was unbroken." 216
Va. at 80, 216 S.E.2d at 54.

     In Thore, a former deputy sheriff returned to testify at a

trial and suffered injuries when she fell at the courthouse.

Her supervisor directed her to comply with the Commonwealth's

attorney's directions, who advised her to appear and testify

because she was the arresting officer and indispensable.     She

was required to appear at the trial at a designated time.

     In the instant case, the employee was not under any

supervisor's order to report to work early and had not sought

permission to do so from his supervisor.   He unilaterally

elected to comply with the magistrate's request to appear at the

magistrate's office at 3:00 p.m.   He risked no repercussions if

he went an hour later when his scheduled shift began.   We

conclude that the employee was not on a special errand while

traveling to work.   Accordingly, we affirm.

                                                        Affirmed.

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