Court Opinion

ID: 9448711
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-03 23:43:20.469154+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:31:31.996265
License: Public Domain

SWYGERT, Circuit Judge
(dissenting).
In a signed statement defendant admitted that he met Irene Britton in July, 1961 in Reno just after her arrival from Maryland; that she had no money and he bought her food and invited her to stay with him in a Reno hotel; that she said she could make money by working as a prostitute; that he “agreed to this and told her to go ahead;” that she started prostituting in Reno and gave her earnings to him; that they talked of leaving Reno and going to Maryland in early September; and that they had about $30 when they left Reno in a 1951 Chrysler. His statement continued:
“We traveled to Flagstaff, Arizona, where we had car trouble. We stayed in Flagstaff a week during which time Irene worked as a prostitute on three or four occasions. She obtained her own prostitution dates and gave me the money. She earned about fifty or sixty dollars as a prostitute in Flagstaff.
“After leaving Flagstaff we traveled east. I recall Irene worked as a prostitute in some places, in New Mexico- on one occasion for which she was paid about $15.00. This money was used for gas and food. I recall Irene had a prostitution date east of Oklahoma for which she was paid about five or ten dollars. I can not recall the place but I know Irene worked as a prostitute in other states while we were traveling east. *56She usually obtained her dates at truck stops along Route 66 as we traveled east. The money she earned we used for food and automobile expenses.
“We arrived in Chicago about the first week in October, 1961, and stayed at the New Atlas Hotel until October 25, 1961. We drove from Chicago, Illinois, to Fort Wayne, Indiana, where we had car trouble. We were without much money and while I was attempting to repair the car Irene went to Fortmeyer’s truck stop to try to find prostitution dates. She told me when she left to go to Fortmeyer’s she was going to make some money by prostitution.
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“When Irene and I left Reno, Nevada, we knew she would'have to make money by prostitution in order to get us to Maryland.”
Irene Britton testified that she engaged in prostitution while she and the defendant were in Chicago and that they used her earnings for “a room and for stuff to eat and we were saving some * * * for our trip to where my sister was * * * in Coshocton, Ohio.” She further testified that when the car broke down near Fort Wayne, it was towed a short distance from Fortmeyer’s truck stop to the Arrow Motor Parts Company; that afterwards she asked defendant “if I could go down to the truck stop and try to make some money. * * He said it was up to me.”
In regard to the final episode of the trip, a F.B.I. agent testified that he asked defendant after his arrest if he knew if Miss Britton was at the Fortmeyer truck stop attempting to get prostitution dates and that the defendant said yes, he knew that she was there. The agent further testified as follows: “ * * I asked him if he knew how often that they had to stop and obtain money and he said whenever they ran out of money wherever they were they would stop and she would go down and get prostitution dates so they could go on their way, so they would have money to eat with and buy gas. * * * He said they had come from Reno, Nevada, and were en-route to Laurel, Maryland, to get married as they had planned.”
The' defendant admitted that he had been married in October, 1960 in Chicago and that he had separated from his wife in July, 1961. He further testified that he had not communicated with his wife until he returned to Chicago in October, 1961 when she told him that she had begun to take legal steps to get a divorce. He further admitted that when he had talked by telephone to Irene Britton’s family from Flagstaff and told them that he was bringing her home and was going to marry her, he was not sure whether he was married or not.
The trial judge, in stating his reasons for the finding of guilt, said in part:
“The Defendant bases his defense upon what we might call a change of heart, or a change of mind, that the parties agreed upon and he in particular during the stop in Chicago, but the Defendant admits that during that stop in Chicago that, the woman was éngaging there in acts of prostitution and those funds were used to feed him and to pay the hotel rent for the two of them there, and again they started out with a little savings.
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“They had already learned that unexpected auto trouble brings on unexpected expenses and must have been aware of the fact that other money might be needed along the way to augment their funds to continue the trip.
“It is also admitted that at the end of the first day on this trip, when they stopped in Allen County, Indiana, they were back at the same old stand, the same place that they had been engaging in admittedly across the west and insofar as the trip took them, to Chicago.
“In finding the Defendant guilty, as the Court is about to do, the Court must find that the Defendant has de*57liberately lied to this Court, * * * We think that he entered the State of Indiana and came into this stop in Allen County with the same * * * unlawful intent that he lived with every day from Reno to Flagstaff, and across the way to Chicago,
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It is the exclusive function of the trial court to weigh the evidence and evaluate the credibility of the witnesses. The finding of guilt must be sustained if there is substantial evidence talcing the view most favorable to the government to support it.
I think the evidence is substantial for the trial court to find, as it did, that the act of prostitution at .Fortmeyer truck stop was an integral, albeit fortuitous, part of a plan adopted by Irene Britton and defendant to finance their trip from Nevada to Maryland, and that it was not an incidental occurrence after a “change of heart” by the parties after reaching Chicago that Irene Britton would no longer engage in prostitution.
As to whether the dominant purpose for the trip was for Irene Britton to engage in prostitution or debauchery or for any other immoral purpose, the question involves defendant’s purpose for the transportation of Irene Britton and not her purpose in making the trip. Wh'k. it is true that the purpose of Irene Britton for the trip may have been to return to her home in Maryland, I think there is substantial evidence to warrant a finding that the dominant purpose of defendant was to transport this woman across country so that he could continue to live with her in concubinage1 and at the same time be supported by her earnings as a prostitute during the trip and have her finance the car expenses by such means.
This finding, warranted by the evidence, to the effect that defendant’s purpose was to have Irene Britton engage in prostitution wherever and whenever it became necessary to provide their living and traveling expenses as he transported her interstate brings defendant, in my opinion, within the proscription of the statute. I would affirm.

. The Supreme Court in Cleveland v. United States, 329 U.S. 14, 17, 18, 67 S.Ct. 13, 91 L.Ed. 12, held that [18 U.S.C. § 2421] “while primarily aimed at the use of interstate commerce for the purposes of commercialized sex, is not restricted to that end” and stated that the Court was adhering to the holding in Caminetti v. United States, 242 U.S. 470, 37 S.Ct. 192, 61 L.Ed. 442, that the transportation of a woman in interstate commerce so that she could become a mistress or concubine is a transportation for an “immoral purpose” within the meaning of the statute.