Court Opinion

ID: 6768478
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-21 00:40:29.616446+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:02:42.392644
License: Public Domain

Evans, J.,
concurring in part and dissenting in part. While I concur in the answer of the majority to the first question, I respectfully dissent from the answer of the majority to the second question certified by the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. To the second question the majority responds, “that any person who can prove the elements of the tort of intentional interference with expectancy of inheritance has the right to maintain the cause of action.” I believe the response is too broad because it includes strangers to the case who may be able, through discovery, to obtain the evidence required to establish the tort. There is no reason to forsake the traditional requirements of standing to maintain an action when discussing this cause of action.
The following statement taken from 59 American Jurisprudence 2d (1987) 417, Parties, Section 31, sets forth the rule:
“In order to support an action, the interest of a party plaintiff must be a present, substantial interest, as distinguished from a mere expectancy or future, contingent interest. A party must show that he has a justiciable interest in the subject matter of the litigation to maintain an action thereon.”
In the case before us the plaintiffs are beneficiaries of an inter vivos trust. Under the terms of the decedent’s last will and testament the residue of the decedent’s estate is to pour over into this inter vivos trust. The claim of the plaintiffs is that through the fraudulent acts of the defendants during the last years of the decedent’s life and while the decedent was incompetent, her estate was fraudulently diminished to the point that all of the assets remaining at her death were required to pay debts, expenses and specific bequests with nothing remaining for the residuary estate. Thus, it appears that the claim of these plaintiffs is a mere expectancy or future, contingent interest.
If there are assets which were wrongfully taken from the decedent during the last years of her life which would have been included in her estate except for the wrongful taking, it is the duty of the executor of the estate to pursue the claim and recover the assets for the estate. I see no reason to respond to the second question in such a way that the holder of a mere expectancy will be in a position to bring an action which should be brought by the executor of the estate.
I would respond to the second question by stating that the right to maintain the cause of action belongs only to the party or parties in interest.
Moyer, C.J., concurs in the foregoing opinion.