Court Opinion

ID: 4708298
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-08-02 07:21:15.898646+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:06:48.813899
License: Public Domain

Reversed and Remanded and Memorandum Opinion filed July 27, 2021.

                                             In The

                         Fourteenth Court of Appeals

                                    NO. 14-19-00717-CV

                              BILLY ANYANWU, Appellant

                                                V.
               AMERICAN EXPRESS NATIONAL BANK, Appellee

                        On Appeal from the 400th District Court
                                Fort Bend County, Texas
                         Trial Court Cause No. 19-DCV-259673

                               MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Appellee American Express National Bank (“American Express”) filed suit
against pro se appellant Billy Anyanwu1 (“Anyanwu”) for breach of written
contract. Default judgment was entered in favor of American Express after
Anyanwu failed to answer. Anyanwu filed a motion to set aside the default
judgment, which the trial court denied. In a single issue, Anyanwu argues that the

      1
          We note that Anyanwu also proceeded pro se at the trial court.
trial court erred by denying his motion for new trial. We reverse and remand.

                                       I. BACKGROUND2
       Anyanwu entered into a credit account agreement with American Express.
Under the agreement, American Express rendered credit services to Anyanwu, and
Anyanwu agreed to pay American Express the amounts of such services, plus
additional charges and interest, when applicable.
       On February 14, 2019, American Express filed suit against Anyanwu for
breach of written contract, alleging that Anyanwu failed to pay off the balance of
credit services rendered under the agreement, totaling $13,135.54. According to
the return of service filed by Rayvonnia Thompson (“Thompson”), she delivered
the citation to Anyanwu at 10:20 a.m. on February 27, 2019. In the additional
comments section, Thompson further declared, “License Plate: GCV6354 Wearing
blue shirt, blue jeans.”
       Anyanwu failed to answer. On May 8, 2019, the Court signed a default
judgment in favor of American Express. On August 1, 2019, Anyanwu filed a
motion to set aside the default judgment. In his motion, he checked box 5a, labeled
“lack of Notice,” and checked the box under 5a to indicate that, “I did not file an
answer because I was not properly served with citation.” In the blank space
provided, Anyanwu explained that:

       (1) I was not aware of the pendency of any citation against me as case
       number 19-DCV-259673. (2) I was never served with any citation
       personally. (3) I was outside the united states [sic] on the date that the
       alleged purported service was served. (4) I came back to the U.S.
       sometime in July-11-2018 and left on August-13-2018 via AirFrance.
       (5) I was outside the U.S. from August-13-2018 to July-09-2019. A
       period of about 10 months. (6) I was not in the country on February-
       2
          Because the parties are familiar with the facts of the case and the evidence adduced at
trial, we set forth the facts of the case necessary to advise the parties of the court’s decision and
the basic reasons for it in light of the issues raised. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.

                                                 2
      27-2019 at 10:20 a.m. (7) My international passport and the arrival
      stamps of the U.S. border control and the destination border control
      can prove same, hence this action. (8) An unsigned copy of the default
      judgment was mailed to me via Neopost stamp dated 05-03-2019,
      whereas the default judgment was signed and entered by the presiding
      judge on May-08-2019, same was delivered in my address [sic] and in
      my absence 3 days before the judgment was signed by the presiding
      judge.

Line 5b(1) in his motion stated: “I have a meritorious (good) defense to this case:
(State specific facts)”; however, Anyanwu left this section blank. Anyanwu also
filed an affidavit in support of his motion, which generally averred the same facts
as alleged in his motion.
      On August 19, 2019, a hearing was held on Anyanwu’s motion. American
Express did not attend the hearing. The following exchange occurred:

      [Anyanwu]:            So when I came back, I was confronted with a
                            default judgment, so I want the Court to set it
                            aside. I’ve served the copy of the hearing on the
                            counsel of American Express, and it was received
                            by one Huzma Salim who is a counsel of
                            American Express.

      [Trial Court]:        Okay. And I have on the Court’s file that service
                            for you was granted on the case on—Hold on.
                            Where is the affidavit? Okay. That on February
                            20th, 2019, at 8:30, she delivered to Billy
                            Anyanwu at 1951 Lauren Place, Missouri City,
                            that she served you on that date, sir. That’s what I
                            have in the Court’s file.

      [Anyanwu]:            I was not served. I was not in the country then.

      [Trial Court]:        Okay. Well, without you bringing her here
                            testifying differently, sir, I can’t grant your motion
                            because she swore to this, that she served you, that
                            someone –

                                            3
[Anyanwu]:       That was when?

[Trial Court]:   On February 27th at 10:20, and she personally --

[Anyanwu]:       It’s already on my affidavit, ma’am.

[Trial Court]:   Yeah, I have proper citation, sir. I have no reason
                 to undo what was done. You had plenty of time to
                 answer to the lawsuit. You were served according
                 to the process sever on February 27th at 10:20 a.m.

[Anyanwu]:       On February 20th, I was not in this country. I have
                 my passport. I was outside the country. I was not
                 here. That’s what is in my affidavit. I was not in
                 this country. I was out for about ten months.

[Trial Court]:   Well, you’re going to have to get—show that—
                 Ms. Thompson, the process sever, she said you
                 were in a car, License Plate GCV6354, wearing
                 blue jeans and a T-shirt.

[Anyanwu]:       That is not even my license plate.

[Trial Court]:   You know them by heart?

[Anyanwu]:       Yeah, and I was not in the country. I was not here.
                 Every documentation is already in the affidavit.

[Trial Court]:   Let me—

...

[Trial Court]:   These say “July.” It says you were out of the
                 country in July. You were served in February.

[Anyanwu]:       Yeah, I wasn’t here. I wasn’t here. This is the
                 original of my passport. I have all the stamps on
                 my passport by, you know, the border control,
                 everything. I wasn’t here.

                                4
       [Trial Court]:         Okay. Well, I’m going to deny your motion. If you
                              want to appeal it, you’re free to appeal; but at this
                              time, I’m going to deny it. Thank you.

       Anyanwu filed a timely notice of appeal on September 18, 2019.
                                         II. ANALYSIS
       In a single issue, Anyanwu argues the trial court erred when it denied his
motion to set aside the default judgment.3
A.     STANDARD OF REVIEW & APPLICABLE LAW
       We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for new trial for abuse of
discretion. See In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 114 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam); Dir.,
State Emps. Workers’ Comp. Div. v. Evans, 889 S.W.2d 266, 268 (Tex. 1994). A
trial court abuses its discretion if “it renders an arbitrary and unreasonable decision
lacking support in the facts or circumstances of the case.” Samlowski v. Wooten,
332 S.W.3d 404, 411 (Tex. 2011).

       3
          Anyanwu cites only section 18.001(a), (d), (e), and (f) of the Civil Practice and
Remedies Code in support of his appeal. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 18.001.
However, section 18.001 “governs proving expenses by affidavit,” not service of process or
setting aside a default judgment. See id.; Gunn v. McCoy, 554 S.W.3d 645, 672 (Tex. 2018); City
of El Paso v. Public Util. Comm’n, 916 S.W.2d 515, 524 (Tex. App.—Austin 1995, writ dism’d).
Nevertheless, out of an abundance of caution and in our sole discretion, we choose to address his
complaint. See Reule v. M & T Mortgage, 483 S.W.3d 600, 608 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th
Dist.] 2015, pet. denied) (“We nonetheless construe Reule’s brief liberally to reach her appellate
issues on the merits, where possible.”); but see Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(i) (providing that an
appellant’s brief is required to contain “a clear and concise argument for the contentions made,
with appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.”); Flores v. United Freedom Assocs.,
Inc., 314 S.W.3d 113, 115 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2010, no pet.) (noting that if pro se appellants
are not subject to the applicable procedural rules, then pro se litigants would be afforded an
unfair advantage over those represented by counsel); Canton-Carter v. Baylor Coll. of Med., 271
S.W.3d 928, 931 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.) (same).
        Also, we note that American Express has not argued that Anyanwu’s briefing was
inadequate or that his arguments were indiscernible. While not perfect, Anyanwu cites case law
in his reply brief for the proposition that he rebutted the presumption of timely service.
Anyanwu succinctly alleges that he offered “unchallenged, uncontroverted, and unrebutted”
evidence that he was not properly served. Based on the foregoing, he made the clearly
discernible argument that “the trial court did not effectively play it’s [sic] role as a fact finder
based on the evidence placed before her and the requirement of law.”
                                                 5
      To set aside a default judgment, the movant generally must demonstrate that:
(1) the failure to answer or appear was not intentional or the result of conscious
indifference, but was due to accident or mistake; (2) the defendant has a
meritorious defense; and (3) a new trial would cause no undue delay or injury to
the nonmovant. See Dolgencorp of Tex., Inc. v. Lerma, 288 S.W.3d 922, 926 (Tex.
2009); Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc., 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (Tex. 1939).
However, “[i]n order for a no-answer default judgment to stand, due process
requires that the defendant must have been formally served with process.” Novosad
v. Cunningham, 38 S.W.3d 767, 772 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2001, no
pet.) (citing Peralta v. Heights Med. Ctr., Inc., 485 U.S. 80, 86–87 (1988)). If a
movant establishes that he had no actual or constructive notice of the trial setting,
then the movant is no longer required to establish that he had a meritorious
defense. See Lopez v. Lopez, 757 S.W.2d 721, 723 (Tex. 1988) (per curiam) (citing
Peralta, 485 U.S. at 80); see also Ayele v. Jani-King of Hous., Inc., 516 S.W.3d
630, 632 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2017, no pet.) (“If the defaulting party
establishes that it did not receive notice of the default judgment hearing, then it
need not establish proof of a meritorious defense.”); Felt v. Comerica Bank, 401
S.W.3d 802, 806 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, no pet.) (concluding that
when a default judgment is rendered against “a defendant who had no notice of the
trial setting, the defendant is not required to address the second Craddock factor”);
Limestone Const., Inc. v. Summit Com. Indus. Props., Inc., 143 S.W.3d 538, 543–
44 (Tex. App.—Austin 2004, no pet.) (“In the context of non-summary no-answer
or post-answer default judgments, our court has regarded lack of notice, if
established, as a substitute for the first Craddock element. Once a party establishes
such lack of notice, moreover, due process requires that it prevail without need to
prove the other Craddock elements.”) (internal citations omitted).
      We begin with a presumption that the defendant received proper notice. See
                                         6
Felt, 401 S.W.3d at 806. To overcome this presumption, the defendant must
affirmatively show a lack of notice. See id. “This burden may not be discharged by
mere allegations, unsupported by affidavits or other competent evidence, that the
appellant did not receive proper notice.” Id. (quoting Campsey v. Campsey, 111
S.W.3d 767, 772 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2003, no pet.)); see Limestone Const.,
Inc., 143 S.W.3d at 544 (“But bare allegations of lack of notice do not suffice;
instead, the nonmovant must offer evidence, either in the form of an affidavit or
live testimony.”) (citing Holt Atherton Indus., Inc. v. Heine, 835 S.W.2d 80, 82
(Tex. 1992)). However, rebuttal of the presumption of service does not
conclusively establish lack of service. See In re Estate of Check, 438 S.W.3d 829,
835 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2014, no pet.); see also Lewis v. Hous. Auth. of
Austin, No. 03-15-00800-CV, 2016 WL 7187481, at *4 (Tex. App.—Austin Dec.
7, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.). When a movant rebuts the presumption of service, the
trial court is left with an issue of fact to resolve. See Texaco, Inc. v. Phan, 137
S.W.3d 763, 767 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, no pet.); see also Kelly v.
Brenham Floral Co., No. 01-12-01000-CV, 2014 WL 4219448, at *3 (Tex. App.—
Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 26, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.). “The test of the evidence,
from whatever source, is whether it demonstrates independent facts and
circumstances that support, and thus corroborate, the challenger’s claim.” Min v.
Avila, 991 S.W.2d 495, 503 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.); see
Novik v. Lendr, LLC, 592 S.W.3d 907, 914 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
2019, no pet.).
B.    PRESUMPTION OF SERVICE
      In the present case, Anyanwu submitted an affidavit claiming that he was out
of the country when he was allegedly served with citation. American Express
admits that this was sufficient to rebut the presumption of service; however, it
argues that rebuttal of the presumption of service does not establish lack of service.
                                          7
Nevertheless, American Express contends that “it was the duty of the trial court to
ascertain the facts surrounding [Anyanwu’s] default, and in so doing to judge the
credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony.” See Texaco,
137 S.W.3d at 767; see also Sheppard v. Sheppard, No. 07-14-00074-CV, 2015
WL 6082303, at *3 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Oct. 15, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.).
Accordingly, American Express asserts that it was within the trial court’s
discretion to determine that Anyanwu had been served. However, we conclude that
the record does not support that determination.
      During the hearing and in his affidavit, Anyanwu declared that he was in
Nigeria from approximately August 13, 2018 to July 9, 2019, and therefore was
not in the United States on February 27, 2019, when he was allegedly served with
process. The photocopies of his passport, which were attached as an exhibit to his
affidavit, support this claim. The stamps in his passport indicate that he entered
Nigeria on August 14, 2018 and that he returned to the U.S. on July 10, 2019.
Anyanwu also submitted stubs from airline tickets for July 10, indicating that he
left Port Harcourt, Nigeria, traveled to Istanbul, and arrived in Houston, Texas on
July 10, as noted by the stamps on his passport. This evidence corroborates
Anyanwu’s claim that he was not served because he was out of the country. See
Felt, 401 S.W.3d at 806; Avila, 991 S.W.2d at 503; see also Seaprints, Inc. v.
Cadleway Props., Inc., 446 S.W.3d 434, 441 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
2014, no pet.) (“In light of Salbert’s sworn statement that he was at another
location on the morning when he purportedly was served and his presentation of
the receipt, which corroborates his account [that he was buying carpet shampoo in
a nearby town], we conclude that Seaprints presented evidence of independent
facts and circumstances to corroborate its denial of service.”). Furthermore, at the
motion to set aside judgment hearing, Anyanwu contested the assertion in
Thompson’s return of service that he was in a car with a GCV6354 license plate
                                         8
when she delivered the citation to him by informing the trial court that he does not
have a car with that license plate number.
      Our court has reviewed the issue of corroborating proof necessary for the
movant to establish lack of service in the trial court. See Huffeldt v. Competition
Drywall, Inc., 750 S.W.2d 272, 273 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1988, no
writ). In Huffeldt, plaintiffs filed a return of service indicating that defendant had
been served. Defendant filed a motion for new trial, alleging that he was in Utah,
not Texas, when he was allegedly served. See id. Defendant provided affidavits
from himself and his secretary, copies of his airline tickets showing a round trip
from Salt Lake City to Houston, and a motel bill from Salt Lake City for the day he
was allegedly served. Plaintiffs did not file a response to defendant’s motion for
new trial. See id. On appeal, we concluded:

      In this case, [defendant] rebutted the presumption of proper service of
      citation by direct, objective proof. [Plaintiffs’] attack on this issue was
      not rectified by anything appearing in the record or produced by
      [defendant]. The procedural rules regulating service of process are
      mandatory and without a showing of strict compliance in the record, a
      default judgment will not withstand such an attack. Since this is a
      direct attack upon a default judgment we indulge no presumptions in
      support of that judgment. We hold that the trial court abused its
      discretion by overruling [defendant’s] motion for new trial.
Id. (internal citations omitted). Likewise, in the present case, American Express
filed a return of service indicating that Anyanwu was served. Anyanwu filed a
motion for new trial alleging he was not in the United States when he was
allegedly served. Although Anyanwu did not provide objective evidence to the
same degree as was presented in Huffeldt, Anyanwu did provide sufficient
objective evidence corroborating his claim that he was not served with process.
See Avila, 991 S.W.2d at 503; Sozanski v. Plesh, 394 S.W.3d 601, 604 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, no pet.) (holding that the party claiming

                                          9
ineffective service only needs to prove their claim by a preponderance of the
evidence).
      Further, American Express did not file a response to Anyanwu’s motion for
new trial, did not request an evidentiary hearing, and did not appear at the hearing
on Anyanwu’s motion. As Anyanwu argues on appeal, American Express never
controverted his affidavit or other evidence indicating that he was not properly
served. In sum, Anyanwu’s attack on the presumption of service was not rebutted
by American Express. See id. Thus, we conclude that Anyanwu established lack of
proper notice. See Huffeldt, 750 S.W.2d at 273.
      American Express additionally argues that Anyanwu failed to satisfy the
second Craddock prong because he left the “meritorious (good) defense” section of
his motion completely blank. However, because Anyanwu established lack of
notice, he was not required to address the second or third prongs of Craddock. See
Lopez, 757 S.W.2d at 723; Ayele, 516 S.W.3d at 632; Felt, 401 S.W.3d at 806;
Limestone, 143 S.W.3d at 54.
      Therefore, we conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in overruling
Anyanwu’s motion for new trial. See Lopez, 757 S.W.2d at 723; Huffeldt, 750
S.W.2d at 273; see also Williams v. Jackson, No. 14-94-01022-CV, 1996 WL
317143, at *1 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] June 13, 1996, writ denied) (mem.
op.) (concluding that the trial court erred by failing to grant appellant’s motion for
new trial when appellant affirmatively rebutted the presumption of service by filing
an affidavit contesting proper service, which was “uncontroverted by anything in
the transcript”). We sustain Anyanwu’s sole issue.
                                 III. CONCLUSION
      We reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand this case for further
proceedings.

                                         10
                                      /s/     Margaret “Meg” Poissant
                                              Justice

Panel consists of Justices Spain, Hassan, and Poissant.

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