Court Opinion

ID: 4281050
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-06-04 19:52:10.353653+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:49:25.897691
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST VIRGINIA

                               January 2018 Term

                                                                          FILED
                                                                       June 4, 2018
                                   No. 17-0993                        released at 3:00 p.m.
                                                                  EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK

                                                                  SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                       OF WEST VIRGINIA

                           LOUISE MORAN,

              DEPENDENT OF WILLIAM MORAN (DECEASED),

                       Claimant Below, Petitioner

                                       V.

                      ROSCITI CONSTRUCTION CO., LLC,

                         Respondent Below, Respondent

            Appeal from the Workers’ Compensation Board of Review

                             Claim No. 2012038847

                              Appeal No. 2051864

                          REVERSED AND REMANDED

                              Submitted: May 9, 2018
                                Filed: June 4, 2018

Kelly Elswick-Hall                       Jeffrey B. Brannon
The Masters Law Firm lc                  Cipriani & Werner, P.C.
Charleston, West Virginia                Charleston, West Virginia
Attorney for the Petitioner              Attorney for the Respondent

JUSTICE DAVIS delivered the Opinion of the Court.
                             SYLLABUS BY THE COURT

              1.     When reviewing a decision of the West Virginia Workers’

Compensation Board of Review (“the Board”), this Court will give deference to the Board’s

findings of fact and will review de novo its legal conclusions. The decision of the Board may

be reversed or modified only if it (1) is in clear violation of a constitutional or statutory

provision; (2) is clearly the result of erroneous conclusions of law; or (3) is based upon

material findings of fact that are clearly wrong.

              2.     An award of dependents’ death benefits under the workers’

compensation laws of West Virginia is payable, notwithstanding W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d)

(2003) (Repl. Vol. 2017), while benefits awarded under the workers’ compensation laws of

another state for the same injury are suspended due to a third-party settlement.

                                              i
Davis, Justice:

              This appeal raises the issue of whether W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d) (2003) (Repl.

Vol. 2017) applies when awards for workers’ compensation dependents’ death benefits

(“dependents’ benefits”) have been properly granted under the laws of West Virginia and

another state for the same injury, but the benefits awarded under the laws of the other state

have been suspended due to a related third-party settlement. After considering the parties’

briefs, the relevant law, and oral arguments, we find that W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d) does not

apply and, therefore, dependents’ benefits awarded under West Virginia law are payable as

long as the benefits awarded under the laws of the other state remain suspended.

Accordingly, we reverse the West Virginia Workers’ Compensation Board of Review.

                                              I.

                     FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

              Mr. William Moran (“Mr. Moran”) was an employee of the respondent, Rosciti

Construction Company, LLC (hereinafter “Rosciti”), when he succumbed to carbon

monoxide intoxication and passed away on January 31, 2012, in West Virginia. Rosciti is

based in Rhode Island, where Mr. Moran lived. Mr. Moran was part of a Rosciti crew that

had been sent to West Virginia to lay fiber optic lines at Yeager Airport in Charleston for the

West Virginia National Guard. The Rosciti crew, including Mr. Moran, arrived in South

Charleston, West Virginia, on the evening of January 30, 2012, and checked into a local hotel

                                              1

that apparently had been selected by Rosciti. The following morning, Mr. Moran was found

deceased in his hotel room; another crew member who was staying in the same room was

unresponsive.1 The room was found to contain high levels of carbon monoxide, which had

caused Mr. Moran’s death.2

              Thereafter, the petitioner, Mr. Moran’s wife, Louise Moran (“Mrs. Moran”),

filed workers’ compensation claims for dependents’ benefits in both Rhode Island and West

Virginia on behalf of herself, her twelve-year-old daughter, and her father-in-law, as

dependents of the decedent, Mr. Moran.3 The Rhode Island claim resulted in an award of

weekly dependents’ benefits in the amount of $765.15. The West Virginia claim originally

was denied by the claims administrator. On appeal, the decision was reversed by the West

Virginia Workers’ Compensation Office of Judges (“OOJ”). In granting dependents benefits,

the OOJ noted that the award was subject to W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d) (2003), which

provides for a credit of workers’ compensation benefits “awarded or recovered” under laws

of another state. The West Virginia Workers’ Compensation Board of Review (“BOR”)

              1
                  Both men were transported to CAMC General Hospital.
              2
               An investigation report by the South Charleston Fire Department indicated that
the cause of the carbon monoxide in the room was a separated flue exhaust pipe.
              3
               Mrs. Moran identified her father-in-law as disabled and dependent upon Mr.
Moran at the time of his death.

                                             2

affirmed as modified the decision of the OOJ.4 This Court affirmed the BOR decision in a

prior appeal of this matter. See Rosciti Constr. Co., LLC v. Moran, No. 14-0398, 2015 WL

6839865 (W. Va. Nov. 4, 2015) (memorandum decision). Nevertheless, no dependents’

benefits were actually paid out in connection with Mrs. Moran’s West Virginia award

because the $765.15 in weekly benefits paid in relation to the Rhode Island claim were

greater than, and credited against, the West Virginia benefits awarded, which were

determined to be $711.30. See W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d).

              Meanwhile, Mrs. Moran reached a confidential settlement with several

defendants in a civil action she filed in relation to Mr. Moran’s death. As a result of this

third-party settlement, and pursuant to Rhode Island law, her Rhode Island dependents’

benefits were suspended on December 11, 2014. See R.I. Gen. Laws § 28-35-58(a) (2002).5

              4
               The OOJ had found that Mr. Moran’s father was wholly dependent upon Mr.
Moran. The BOR disagreed and found that Mr. Moran’s father was only partially dependent.
This Court affirmed the BOR. See Rosciti Constr. Co., LLC v. Moran, No. 14-0398, 2015
WL 6839865 (W. Va. Nov. 4, 2015) (memorandum decision).
              5
                  Pursuant to the relevant Rhode Island statute:

                    Where the injury for which compensation is payable
              under chapters 29–38 of this title was caused under
              circumstances creating a legal liability in some person other than
              the employer to pay damages in respect of the injury, the
              employee may take proceedings, both against that person to
              recover damages and against any person liable to pay
              compensation under those chapters for that compensation, and
              the employee shall be entitled to receive both damages and
                                                                                   (continued...)

                                                3

The parties have stipulated that the third-party settlement was in excess of the amount

required to meet the weekly Rhode Island benefits for the remainder of Mrs. Moran’s life

             5
              (...continued)
             compensation. The employee, in recovering damages either by
             judgment or settlement from the person so liable to pay
             damages, shall reimburse the person by whom the compensation
             was paid to the extent of the compensation paid as of the date of
             the judgment or settlement and the receipt of those damages by
             the employee shall not bar future compensation. An insurer
             shall be entitled to suspend the payment of compensation
             benefits payable to the employee when the damages recovered
             by judgment or settlement from the person so liable to pay
             damages exceeds the compensation paid as of the date of the
             judgment or settlement. The suspension paid shall be that
             number of weeks which are equal to the excess damages paid
             divided by the employee’s weekly compensation rate; however,
             during the period of suspension the employee shall be entitled
             to receive the benefit of all medical and hospital payments on
             his or her behalf. If the employee has been paid compensation
             under those chapters, the person by whom the compensation was
             paid shall be entitled to indemnity from the person liable to pay
             damages, and to the extent of that indemnity shall be subrogated
             to the rights of the employee to recover those damages. When
             money has been recovered either by judgment or by settlement
             by an employee from the person liable to pay damages, by suit
             or settlement, and the employee is required to reimburse the
             person by whom the compensation was paid, the employee or
             his or her attorney shall be entitled to withhold from the amount
             to be reimbursed that proportion of the costs, witness expenses,
             and other out-of-pocket expenses and attorney fees which the
             amount which the employee is required to reimburse the person
             by whom compensation was paid bears to the amount recovered
             from the third party.

R.I. Gen. Laws § 28-35-58(a) (2002) (emphasis added).

                                            4

expectancy. As a result, Mrs. Moran’s Rhode Island dependents’ benefits are expected to

remain suspended.

              Due to the suspension of her Rhode Island benefits, Mrs. Moran requested

payment of West Virginia dependents’ benefits. She reasoned that, since her Rhode Island

benefits had been suspended, there were no Rhode Island payments to be credited against her

West Virginia benefits. The claims administrator denied Mrs. Moran’s request by order

entered December 2, 2015, finding that “Rhode Island benefits are still being paid but have

been suspended and/or are being offset pending exhaustion of the excess damages paid by

the Third-Party’s [sic] pursuant to the settlement.” Mrs. Moran protested the order. The

OOJ affirmed the claims administrator and explained that

                      [i]t is clear that the claimant was not entitled to any
              dependents [sic] benefits from the state of West Virginia as long
              as she was being paid and received an amount in excess of the
              workers’ compensation benefits by the state of Rhode Island in
              the form of workers’ compensation benefits. A more complex
              issue is how does the third-party settlement affect the obligation
              of West Virginia to pay dependents [sic] benefits. The amount
              of Rhode Island’s workers’ compensation benefits [that] the
              claimant would receive if there was no third-party settlement is
              being deducted from the third-party settlement. The Office of
              Judges cannot base this Decision on how the state of Rhode
              Island applies their subrogation law. It is found that the
              reduction of the third-party settlement by the weekly rate of
              Rhode Island workers’ compensation benefits represents a
              recovery of damages to the claimant from the state of Rhode
              Island, and therefore, the Order of December 2, 2015, is found
              to be proper and in accordance with the intent of the above cited
              statutes.

                                              5

The BOR affirmed the OOJ’s order, but did not adopt the above quoted discussion. Instead,

the BOR reasoned that

                     [i]n the West Virginia claim, dependent’s [sic] benefits
             were granted subject to West Virginia Code § 23-2-1c(d), which
             provides as follows: “If any employee or his or her dependents
             are awarded workers’ compensation benefits or recover damages
             from the employer under the laws of another state for an injury
             received in the course of and resulting from the employment, the
             amount awarded or recovered, whether paid or to be paid in
             future installments, shall be credited against the amount of any
             benefits payable under this chapter for the same injury.”
             [Emphasis added.] Dependent’s [sic] benefits in the amount of
             $129,984.61 were paid under the Rhode Island workers’
             compensation claim. Then the benefits were suspended
             pursuant to the dependent’s decision to enter into a settlement
             agreement in a third-party civil action. The dependent knew or
             should have known that the laws of Rhode Island allowed for
             suspension of workers’ compensation dependents [sic] benefits.
             The Rhode Island claim remains an active claim and additional
             benefits may be payable under that claim. After considering all
             the factors, the Board concludes that the claims administrator’s
             order dated December 2, 2015, is proper and in accordance with
             the statutes.

This appeal followed.

                                           II.

                              STANDARD OF REVIEW

             The standards for this Court’s review of decisions rendered by the BOR are set

out in W. Va. Code § 23-5-15 (2005) (Repl. Vol. 2017) as follows:

                   (b) In reviewing a decision of the board of review, the
             Supreme Court of Appeals shall consider the record provided by

                                            6

the board and give deference to the board’s findings, reasoning
and conclusions, in accordance with subsections (c) and (d) of
this section.

        (c) If the decision of the board represents an affirmation
of a prior ruling by both the commission and the Office of
Judges that was entered on the same issue in the same claim, the
decision of the board may be reversed or modified by the
Supreme Court of Appeals only if the decision is in clear
violation of constitutional or statutory provision, is clearly the
result of erroneous conclusions of law, or is based upon the
board’s material misstatement or mischaracterization of
particular components of the evidentiary record. The court may
not conduct a de novo re-weighing of the evidentiary record. If
the court reverses or modifies a decision of the board pursuant
to this subsection, it shall state with specificity the basis for the
reversal or modification and the manner in which the decision
of the board clearly violated constitutional or statutory
provisions, resulted from erroneous conclusions of law, or was
based upon the board’s material misstatement or
mischaracterization of particular components of the evidentiary
record.

        (d) If the decision of the board effectively represents a
reversal of a prior ruling of either the commission or the Office
of Judges that was entered on the same issue in the same claim,
the decision of the board may be reversed or modified by the
Supreme Court of Appeals only if the decision is in clear
violation of constitutional or statutory provisions, is clearly the
result of erroneous conclusions of law, or is so clearly wrong
based upon the evidentiary record that even when all inferences
are resolved in favor of the board’s findings, reasoning and
conclusions, there is insufficient support to sustain the decision.
The court may not conduct a de novo re-weighing of the
evidentiary record. If the court reverses or modifies a decision
of the board pursuant to this subsection, it shall state with
specificity the basis for the reversal or modification and the
manner in which the decision of the board clearly violated
constitutional or statutory provisions, resulted from erroneous
conclusions of law, or was so clearly wrong based upon the

                                 7

              evidentiary record that even when all inferences are resolved in
              favor of the board’s findings, reasoning and conclusions, there
              is insufficient support to sustain the decision.

              We also have previously recognized that, “‘[w]hen it appears from the proof

upon which the [Workers’ Compensation Board of Review] acted that its finding was plainly

wrong[,] an order reflecting that finding will be reversed and set aside by this Court.’” Syl.

pt. 1, Bowers v. West Virginia Office of the Ins. Comm’r, 224 W. Va. 398, 686 S.E.2d 49

(2009) (quoting Syl. pt. 5, Bragg v. State Workmen’s Comp. Comm’r, 152 W. Va. 706, 166

S.E.2d 162 (1969)). With respect to the legal conclusions of the Board of Review, we have

established that a de novo review applies. See Crawford v. West Virginia Dep’t of

Corr.-Work Release, 239 W. Va. 374, 377, 801 S.E.2d 252, 255 (2017) (“We have previously

recognized . . . that this Court ‘review[s] de novo legal conclusions of the Workers’

Compensation Board of Review.’” (quoting Johnson v. West Virginia Office of Ins. Comm’r,

226 W. Va. 650, 654, 704 S.E.2d 650, 654 (2010))); Sheena H. ex rel. Russell H. ex rel. L.H.

v. Amfire, LLC, 235 W. Va. 132, 135, 772 S.E.2d 317, 320 (2015) (same).

              In accordance with the foregoing statutory directives and case law, and in

recognition of the fact that it is now claims administrators, and not the Workers’

Compensation Commission, who make initial rulings with respect to workers’ compensation

claims, this Court now expressly holds that, when reviewing a decision of the West Virginia

                                              8

Workers’ Compensation Board of Review (“the Board”), this Court will give deference to

the Board’s findings of fact and will review de novo its legal conclusions. The decision of

the Board may be reversed or modified only if it (1) is in clear violation of a constitutional

or statutory provision; (2) is clearly the result of erroneous conclusions of law; or (3) is based

upon material findings of fact that are clearly wrong.

               To the extent that this case also requires examination of relevant statutory

provisions, we finally note that, “[w]here the issue on an appeal from the circuit court is

clearly a question of law or involving an interpretation of a statute, we apply a de novo

standard of review.” Syl. pt. 1, Chrystal R.M. v. Charlie A.L., 194 W. Va. 138, 459 S.E.2d

415 (1995). We will apply these standards to our consideration of the instant appeal.

                                               III.

                                         DISCUSSION

               The issue raised in this appeal addresses whether W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d)

requires the actual payment of a workers’ compensation award for dependents’ benefits when

there has been a workers’ compensation award in another state for the same injury, but

payment of the other state’s award has been suspended due to a settlement obtained from a

third-party claim for the same injury.

                                                9

              Mrs. Moran asserts that, because her Rhode Island benefits are suspended,

there is nothing to be credited against her West Virginia benefits under W. Va. Code § 23-2­

1c(d). She asserts that no West Virginia statute allows for an offset for payment of future

workers’ compensation benefits because of a third-party personal injury settlement.6 She

reasons that the absence of a clear legislative offset of third-party settlement funds, when

compared with the existence of a legislatively provided offset in other circumstances, such

as when an employer has a fully funded private disability policy, see W. Va. Code § 23-4­

1c(j) (2009) (Repl. Vol. 2017), should be interpreted as meaning that the Legislature did not

intend for there to be an offset of third-party settlements. She contends that workers’

compensation is a creature of statute and this Court cannot create an offset where none exists.

Citing Bush v. Richardson, 199 W. Va. 374, 376, 484 S.E.2d 490, 492 (1997) (noting that

“workers’ compensation is entirely a statutory creature. . . . Thus, whether the Commissioner

is accorded the right to subrogation, and if so, what form it will take[,] are matters properly

left for the legislature to determine.” (internal quotations and citations omitted)).

              She next contends that she is entitled to her West Virginia dependents’ benefits

notwithstanding her settlement because W. Va. Code § 23-2A-1(b)(1), which pertains to

              6
               Pursuant to W. Va. Code § 23-2A-1(b)(1) (2009) (Repl. Vol. 2017), “[w]ith
respect to any claim arising from a right of action that arose or accrued, in whole or in part,
on or after January 1, 2006, the private carrier or self-insured employer, whichever is
applicable, shall be allowed statutory subrogation with regard to indemnity and medical
benefits paid as of the date of the recovery.” (Emphasis added). Thus subrogation covers
only those benefits paid out as of the date of the recovery of a settlement, not future benefits.

                                               10

subrogation, does not provide for a suspension of the payment of future benefits because of

third-party personal injury settlements. Mrs. Moran claims that this statute is clear that the

insurance company can recover only what was paid up to the date of settlement.

              Rosciti responds that the BOR’s decision is clearly correct and consistent with

the law applicable to this claim. Rosciti points out that the Rhode Island benefits awarded

to Mrs. Moran are greater than her West Virginia award. The payments of the Rhode Island

award are simply suspended pending the exhaustion of the third-party settlement (which the

parties have stipulated will not be exhausted in this case because the settlement exceeded the

amount of Rhode Island benefits Mrs. Moran would be entitled to receive during her life

expectancy). Thus, the Rhode Island award is offset by the settlement proceeds. According

to Rosciti, the fact that the Rhode Island award is offset by the settlement does not change

the fact that the West Virginia benefits are offset by the Rhode Island benefits pursuant to

W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d).

              Because our resolution of this appeal requires scrutiny of the relevant statutes,

we begin by recognizing that “[t]he primary object in construing a statute is to ascertain and

give effect to the intent of the Legislature.” Syl. pt. 1, Smith v. State Workmen’s Comp.

Comm’r, 159 W. Va. 108, 219 S.E.2d 361 (1975). In ascertaining the intent of the

Legislature, we are constrained to “look first to the statute’s language. If the text, given its

                                              11

plain meaning, answers the interpretive question, the language must prevail and further

inquiry is foreclosed.” Appalachian Power Co. v. State Tax Dep’t, 195 W. Va. 573, 587, 466

S.E.2d 424, 438 (1995). Conversely, “[a] statute that is ambiguous must be construed before

it can be applied.” Syl. pt. 1, Farley v. Buckalew, 186 W. Va. 693, 414 S.E.2d 454 (1992).

              The extent to which a workers’ compensation award must be paid under West

Virginia law when there also is an award under the laws of another state is governed by

W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d). 	 Pursuant to W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d),

                      [i]f any employee or his or her dependents are awarded
              workers’ compensation benefits or recover damages from the
              employer under the laws of another state for an injury received
              in the course of and resulting from the employment, the amount
              awarded or recovered, whether paid or to be paid in future
              installments, shall be credited against the amount of any
              benefits payable under this chapter for the same injury.

(Emphasis added). The language of the foregoing provision is ambiguous with regard to the

instant matter insofar as it does not provide explicit guidance on the effect of a suspension

of the benefits awarded under the laws of another state, due to a third-party settlement, on

benefits payable under West Virginia workers’ compensation law. However, reading the

foregoing statute in the context of these circumstances leads to the conclusion that the

Legislature’s intent is to pay benefits awarded under West Virginia law where the other

state’s benefits have been suspended due to a third-party settlement. In reaching this

conclusion, we first note that W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d) applies a credit for only an award

                                             12

of workers’ compensation benefits or a recovery of damages “from the employer under the

laws of another state.” (Emphasis added). There is no mention of a credit being applied in

relation to a third-party recovery. The absence of any mention of a recovery from a third

party indicates an intention on the part of the Legislature that the provision is not meant to

apply to such recoveries.

              Moreover, pursuant to W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d), the amount to be credited

against any benefits payable under West Virginia workers’ compensation law is “the amount

awarded or recovered, whether paid or to be paid in future installments.” Thus, the language

contemplates crediting only an actual payment of workers’ compensation benefits or a

recovery from an employer that already has occurred or is to be made in the future. Where

another state’s workers’ compensation benefits have been suspended due to a third-party

settlement, no payments are being made. Likewise, under the particular circumstances of this

case, no payments are “to be paid in future installments.”7

              We are mindful that “the statutory nature of our workers’ compensation system

requires both deference and judicial restraint.” Old Republic Ins. Co. v. O’Neal, 237 W. Va.

512, 529, 788 S.E.2d 40, 57 (2016). Thus, “it is not the proper function of the judicial branch

              7
               We recognize that circumstances may exist in another case where payments
are to be made “in future installments.” W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d). However, such is not
the case here.

                                              13

to supply legislative omissions from a statute in an attempt to make it conform to some

presumed intention of the Legislature not expressed in statutory language.” Cart v. General

Elec. Co., 203 W. Va. 59, 63 n.8, 506 S.E.2d 96, 100 n.8 (1998) (per curiam). Because

W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d) does not provide that suspended benefits awarded under the laws

of another state be credited against workers’ compensation benefits awarded pursuant to

West Virginia law, it is not the proper role of this Court to create such a credit. See Syl. pt.

2, Huffman v. Goals Coal Co., 223 W. Va. 724, 679 S.E.2d 323 (2009) (“This Court does not

sit as a superlegislature, commissioned to pass upon the political, social, economic or

scientific merits of statutes pertaining to proper subjects of legislation. It is the duty of the

Legislature to consider facts, establish policy, and embody that policy in legislation. It is the

duty of this Court to enforce legislation unless it runs afoul of the State or Federal

Constitutions.”).

              We find further support for our interpretation of this statute in our laws

pertaining to subrogation. We agree with Mrs. Moran that the Legislature has demonstrated

no intent to offset the future payment of West Virginia dependents’ benefits by an amount

received in a third-party award. According to W. Va. Code § 23-2A-1,

                     (a) [w]here a compensable injury or death is caused, in
              whole or in part, by the act or omission of a third party, the
              injured worker or, if he or she is deceased or physically or
              mentally incompetent, his or her dependents or personal
              representative are entitled to compensation under the provisions

                                               14

              of this chapter, and shall not by having received compensation
              be precluded from making claim against the third party.

                      (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of
              this section, if an injured worker, his or her dependents or his or
              her personal representative makes a claim against the third party
              and recovers any sum for the claim:

                     (1) With respect to any claim arising from a right of
              action that arose or accrued, in whole or in part, on or after
              January 1, 2006, the private carrier or self-insured employer,
              whichever is applicable, shall be allowed statutory subrogation
              with regard to indemnity and medical benefits paid as of the
              date of the recovery.

(Emphasis added). Under the foregoing provision, subrogation from a third-party settlement

is allowed with regard to “indemnity and medical benefits paid as of the date of the

recovery.” W. Va. Code § 23-2A-1(b)(1) (emphasis added). Although the instant matter

does not involve subrogation in the strict sense, this code provision provides evidence of a

legislative intent to offset workers’ compensation benefits by third-party settlements only to

the extent of the amounts paid “as of the date of recovery.” W. Va. Code § 23-2A-1(b)(1).

              Finally, we find that the West Virginia workers’ compensation statute

pertaining to dependents’ benefits also is relevant to ascertaining legislative intent insofar

as it defines when such benefits shall terminate. In this regard, W. Va. Code § 23-4-10

(2010) (Repl. Vol. 2017) provides, in relevant part, that

                    [i]n case a personal injury, other than occupational
              pneumoconiosis or other occupational disease, suffered by an
              employee in the course of and resulting from his or her

                                              15

employment, causes death, and disability is continuous from the
date of the injury until the date of death, or if death results from
occupational pneumoconiosis or from any other occupational
disease, the benefits shall be in the amounts and to the persons
as follows:

       ....

        (b) If there are dependents as defined in subdivision (d)
of this section, the dependents shall be paid for as long as their
dependency continues in the same amount that was paid or
would have been paid the deceased employee for total disability
had he or she lived. The order of preference of payment and
length of dependence shall be as follows:

        (1) A dependent widow or widower until death or
remarriage of the widow or widower, and any child or children
dependent upon the decedent until each child reaches eighteen
years of age or where the child after reaching eighteen years of
age continues as a full-time student in an accredited high school,
college, university, business or trade school, until the child
reaches the age of twenty-five years, or if an invalid child, to
continue as long as the child remains an invalid. All persons
are jointly entitled to the amount of benefits payable as a result
of [the] employee’s death;

       (2) A wholly dependent father or mother until death; and

       (3) Any other wholly dependent person for a period of six
years after the death of the deceased employee;

        (c) If the deceased employee leaves no wholly dependent
person, but there are partially dependent persons at the time of
death, the payment shall be fifty dollars a month to continue for
the portion of the period of six years after the death, determined
by the commission, successor to the commission, other private
carrier or self-insured employer, whichever is applicable, but no
partially dependent person shall receive compensation payments
as a result of the death of more than one employee.

                                16

                      Compensation under this subdivision and subdivision (b)
              of this section shall, except as may be specifically provided to
              the contrary in those subdivisions, cease upon the death of the
              dependent, and the right to the compensation shall not vest in his
              or her estate.

(Emphasis added). The foregoing provision establishes that dependents’ benefits are to be

paid to dependents “for as long as their dependency continues” W. Va. Code § 23-4-10(b).

This code section goes on to describe when dependency ends for various classifications of

dependents. Nowhere does this section of the code terminate dependency upon the recovery

of a third-party settlement. Because the Legislature has identified the means by which

dependency terminates and did not include third-party settlements among those means, this

Court may not read such a requirement into the statute. See Banker v. Banker, 196 W. Va.

535, 546-47, 474 S.E.2d 465, 476-77 (1996) (“It is not for this Court arbitrarily to read into

[a statute] that which it does not say. Just as courts are not to eliminate through judicial

interpretation words that were purposely included, we are obliged not to add to statutes

something the Legislature purposely omitted.”); Martin v. Randolph Cty. Bd. of Educ., 195

W. Va. 297, 312, 465 S.E.2d 399, 414 (1995) (“[C]ourts must presume that a legislature says

in a statute what it means and means in a statute what it says there.” (quotations and citations

omitted)); Syl. pt. 3, Manchin v. Dunfee, 174 W. Va. 532, 327 S.E.2d 710 (1984) (“In the

interpretation of statutory provisions the familiar maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius,

the express mention of one thing implies the exclusion of another, applies.”).

                                              17

              Accordingly, based upon the foregoing analysis, we now hold that an award

of dependents’ death benefits under the workers’ compensation laws of West Virginia is

payable, notwithstanding W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d), while benefits awarded under the

workers’ compensation laws of another state for the same injury are suspended due to a third-

party settlement.

              Applying this holding to the instant claim, we find that, because the

dependents’ benefits awarded under Rhode Island law have been suspended, Mrs. Moran is

entitled to receive payments of the dependents’ benefits awarded to her under West Virginia

law. The BOR’s ruling to the contrary is in violation of W. Va. Code § 23-2-1c(d) and is the

result of erroneous conclusions of law. Therefore, the ruling is reversed.

                                            IV.

                                     CONCLUSION

              For the reasons herein explained, the decision of the BOR is reversed, and this

claim is remanded for payment of dependents’ benefits retroactive to the date on which the

Rhode Island dependents’ benefits ceased to be paid.

                                                                   Reversed and remanded.

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