Court Opinion

ID: 4465204
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-12-18 14:12:20.565031+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:44:17.474959
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Omar, 2019-Ohio-5224.]

STATE OF OHIO                    )                        IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                 )ss:                     NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                 )

DEUTSCHE BANK NATIONAL TRUST                              C.A. No.   29300
COMPANY

        Appellee
                                                          APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
        v.                                                ENTERED IN THE
                                                          COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
ZEKI OMAR, et al.                                         COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
                                                          CASE No.   CV 2015-05-2868
        Appellant

                                DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: December 18, 2019

        TEODOSIO, Presiding Judge.

        {¶1}    Zeki Omar appeals the judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas

overruling his objections, adopting the magistrate’s decision, and entering judgment against Mr.

Omar. We affirm.

                                                     I.

        {¶2}    In May 2015, Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, as Indenture Trustee for

American Home Mortgage Investment Trust 2005-1 (“Deutsche Bank”), filed its complaint in

foreclosure against Mr. Omar. A bench trial was held before the magistrate in August 2016.

After a magistrate’s decision was issued, Mr. Omar filed his objections, and the trial court

entered judgment on January 9, 2017. An attempted appeal to this Court followed, which we

dismissed because the trial court had failed to resolve all remaining issues involved in the

foreclosure.
                                                2

       {¶3}    The trial court again entered judgment on April 26, 2017, from which Mr. Omar

appealed to this Court. We reversed and remanded so that the trial court could expressly

consider and rule upon all of Mr. Omar’s objections to the magistrate’s decision. The trial court

entered judgment for the third time on December 26, 2018, finding Mr. Omar’s objections to be

without merit, and entering judgment in foreclosure against Mr. Omar.

       {¶4}    Mr. Omar now appeals, raising eleven assignments of error.

                                                II.

       {¶5}    “Generally, the decision to adopt, reject, or modify a magistrate’s decision lies

within the discretion of the trial court and should not be reversed on appeal absent an abuse of

discretion.” Barlow v. Barlow, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 08CA0055, 2009-Ohio-3788, ¶ 5. An abuse

of discretion is more than an error of judgment; it means that the trial court was unreasonable,

arbitrary, or unconscionable in its ruling. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St. 3d 217, 219,

(1983). When applying this standard, a reviewing court is precluded from simply substituting its

own judgment for that of the trial court. Pons v. Ohio State Med. Bd., 66 Ohio St. 3d 619, 621

(1993). However, “[i]n so doing, we consider the trial court’s action with reference to the nature

of the underlying matter.” Tabatabai v. Tabatabai, 9th Dist. Medina No. 08CA0049-M, 2009-

Ohio-3139, ¶ 18.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR ONE

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ALLOWING THE ADMISSION OF
       PLAINTIFF’S RECORDS AND TESTIMONY BASED UPON IT[.]

       {¶6}    In his first assignment of error, Mr. Omar argues the trial court erred in admitting

Deutsche Bank’s business records into evidence. We disagree.

       {¶7}    “The admission or exclusion of relevant evidence rests within the sound

discretion of the trial court.” State v. Sage, 31 Ohio St. 3d 173 (1987), paragraph two of the
                                                3

syllabus. A trial court is afforded broad discretion in admitting evidence and we will not reject

an exercise of this discretion unless it has clearly been abused and the appealing party has

thereby suffered material prejudice. Packard v. Packard, 9th Dist. Summit No. 19870, 2000 WL
1729459, *2 (Nov. 22, 2000); accord State v. Long, 53 Ohio St. 2d 91, 98 (1978).

       {¶8}    Evid.R. 803(6) provides that records of regularly conducted business activity are

an admissible form of hearsay, stating:

       A memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, in any form, of acts, events,
       or conditions, made at or near the time by, or from information transmitted by, a
       person with knowledge, if kept in the course of a regularly conducted business
       activity, and if it was the regular practice of that business activity to make the
       memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, all as shown by the testimony
       of the custodian or other qualified witness or as provided by Rule 901(B)(10),
       unless the source of information or the method or circumstances of preparation
       indicate lack of trustworthiness.

       {¶9}    “To qualify for admission under Evid.R. 803(6), a business record must manifest

four essential elements: (i) the record must be one regularly recorded in a regularly conducted

activity; (ii) it must have been entered by a person with knowledge of the act, event or condition;

(iii) it must have been recorded at or near the time of the transaction; and (iv) a foundation must

be laid by the custodian of the record or by some other qualified witness.” PNC Bank, Natl.

Assn. v. West, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 12CA0061, 2014–Ohio–161, ¶ 12. The theory supporting the

business records exception is that such records are accurate and trustworthy because they are

“made in the regular course of business by those who have a competent knowledge of the facts

recorded and a self-interest to be served through the accuracy of the entries made and kept with

knowledge that they will be relied upon in a systematic conduct of such business[.]” Weis v.

Weis, 147 Ohio St. 416, 425–426 (1947).

       {¶10} Proper authentication of a business record under Evid.R. 901(A) requires that a

proponent of a document produce evidence sufficient to support a finding that the matter in
                                                 4

question is what the proponent claims it to be, and to accomplish this, a witness must testify as to

the regularity and reliability of the business activity involved in the creation of the record. State

v. Cassano, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97228, 2012–Ohio–4047, ¶ 24. A witness authenticating a

business record must be “‘familiar with the operation of the business and with the circumstances

of the preparation, maintenance, and retrieval of the record in order to reasonably testify on the

basis of this knowledge that the record is what it purports to be, and was made in the ordinary

course of business.’” State v. Baker, 9th Dist. Summit No. 21414, 2003–Ohio–4637, ¶ 11,

quoting Keeva J. Kekst Architects, Inc. v. George, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 70835, 1997 WL
253171, *5 (May 15, 1997). Evid.R. 803(6) does not require personal knowledge of the exact

circumstances of the preparation and production of the document or of the transaction giving rise

to the record. Bank of America, N.A. v. Jackson, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2014–01–018, 2014–

Ohio–2480, ¶ 12.

       {¶11} Mr. Omar contends that the entire business record was unreliable because

payment records are missing for the first three and one-half years of the loan and mortgage

statements were not provided for the years between 2005 and 2010, and that as a result, “the

source of information or the method or circumstances of preparation indicate lack of

trustworthiness.” See Evid.R. 803(6). This argument does not implicate the four elements

required for admission of a business record under Evid.R. 803(6), and Mr. Omar provides us

with no authority to support the notion that an incomplete record would render the entire record

inadmissible. The trial court found that the admitted records were properly identified and

authenticated. We cannot conclude the trial court abused its discretion on this basis.

       {¶12} Mr. Omar next argues that the Internal Revenue Service Form 1098 for the years

2005, 2006, and 2007 were not provided to him by Deutsche Bank until 2011, and therefore “it is
                                                5

possible that the [forms] were created to satisf[y] a customer’s request for these documents made

in 2011 and were fabricated to avoid revealing errors by the bank.”            Mr. Omar provided

testimony that he believed the forms were inaccurate, and points to the fact that the forms were

not provided in Deutsche Bank’s initial response to discovery, but rather, were provided in a

supplemental response. Mr. Omar’s testimony is unsupported by additional evidence, and his

speculation that the forms could have been fabricated is likewise unsupported. We cannot

conclude the trial court abused its discretion in admitting these documents.

       {¶13} Mr. Omar further argues that the bank statements contained in the record should

not have been admitted into evidence because there were no statements from the time the loan

was issued in 2005 to 2010. He contends that as a result, the record fails to meet the requirement

under Evid.R. 803(6) that it “must be one regularly recorded in a regularly conducted activity.”

Once again, Mr. Omar fails to provide any authority that would support the theory that an

incomplete record renders the remaining record inadmissible. He has likewise failed to show

that the absence of a particular record or records was evidence that the remaining record was not

“regularly recorded in a regularly conducted activity.” See Evid.R. 803(6). Again, we cannot

conclude the trial court abused its discretion in admitting these documents.

       {¶14} Mr. Omar’s first assignment of error is overruled.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR TWO

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ADMITTING PAYMENT RECORDS
       OFFERED BY THE BANK ON THE DEFENDANT[’]S NOTE.

       {¶15} In his second assignment of error, Mr. Omar argues the trial court erred by

admitting the payment records proffered by Deutsche Bank. We disagree.
                                                 6

       {¶16} Mr. Omar contends that the payment record should not have been admitted

because the part of the record that would have covered the first three and one-half years of the

loan were missing. The trial court noted:

       Although a portion of the payment history was missing from Mr. Omar’s loan
       account (from origination in 2005 to July 2, 2008), [Deutsche Bank] still
       evidenced the amount due and owing on the loan by a preponderance of the
       evidence. [Deutsche Bank] produced a payment history covering over eight years
       from July 2, 2008[,] to the present date. The loan was current at the time the
       payment history begins. * * * The payment history covered the entire frame of
       the default to the present date.

       {¶17} Mr. Omar’s argument goes to the question of the weight of the evidence; he

provides us with no authority to support the notion that an incomplete payment history is

inadmissible. The trial court determined that despite the missing section of the payment history,

Deutsche Bank provided evidence of the amount due and owing. Moreover, as noted by the trial

court, the loan was current at the time the payment history began. We conclude the trial court

did not abuse its discretion in admitting the payment records into evidence.

       {¶18} Mr. Omar’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR THREE

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ALLOWING THE TESTIMONY OF
       BENJAMIN VERDOOREN[,] THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE BANK[.]

       {¶19} In his third assignment of error, Mr. Omar argues the trial court erred by allowing

the testimony of Benjamin Verdooren because he had no personal knowledge relating to the

subject matter of the case. We disagree.

       {¶20} Proper authentication of a business record under Evid.R. 901(A) requires that a

proponent of a document produce evidence sufficient to support a finding that the matter in

question is what the proponent claims it to be, and to accomplish this, a witness must testify as to

the regularity and reliability of the business activity involved in the creation of the record. State
                                                 7

v. Cassano, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97228, 2012–Ohio–4047, ¶ 24. A witness authenticating a

business record must be “‘familiar with the operation of the business and with the circumstances

of the preparation, maintenance, and retrieval of the record in order to reasonably testify on the

basis of this knowledge that the record is what it purports to be, and was made in the ordinary

course of business.’” State v. Baker, 9th Dist. Summit No. 21414, 2003–Ohio–4637, ¶ 11,

quoting Keeva J. Kekst Architects, Inc. v. George, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 70835, 1997 WL
253171, *5 (May 15, 1997). Evid.R. 803(6) does not require personal knowledge of the exact

circumstances of the preparation and production of the document or of the transaction giving rise

to the record. Bank of America, N.A. v. Jackson, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2014–01–018, 2014–

Ohio–2480, ¶ 12.

       {¶21} Mr. Omar provides us with no authority in support of his argument, nor does he

point to the record to support his contention that Mr. Verdooren had no personal knowledge

relating to the subject matter of the case. See App.R. 16(A)(7). As such, we may disregard this

argument. App.R. 12(A)(2). Moreover, Mr. Verdooren testified that he was a Senior Loan

Analyst for Ocwen Financial Corporation, that he has access to Ocwen’s business records, that

he was familiar with their record retention system, that he had viewed the original note in

question, and had reviewed the file in question. Mr. Omar has failed to show Mr. Verdooren was

not qualified to authenticate the business record.

       {¶22} Mr. Omar’s third assignment of error is overruled.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR FOUR

       THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION GRANTING A FORECLOSURE AND A
       JUDGMENT IN THE AMOUNT OF $357,488.77 [WAS] AGAINST THE
       MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE[.]
                                               8

       {¶23} In his fourth assignment of error, Mr. Omar argues the trial court erred because its

judgment in foreclosure was against the manifest weight of the evidence. Mr. Omar contends

that the incomplete payment record is insufficient to show a breach of the note. We disagree.

       {¶24} “[B]efore an appellate court will reverse a judgment as against the manifest

weight of the evidence in a civil context, the court must determine whether the trier of fact, in

resolving evidentiary conflicts and making credibility determinations, clearly lost its way and

created a manifest miscarriage of justice.”      Boreman v. Boreman, 9th Dist. Wayne No.

01CA0034, 2002-Ohio-2320, ¶ 10. “Only in the exceptional case, where the evidence presented

weighs heavily in favor of the party seeking reversal, will the appellate court reverse.” Id. In

weighing the evidence, the court of appeals must always be mindful of the presumption in favor

of the finder of fact. Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St. 3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 21.

       {¶25} As we have noted, the loan was current at the time the payment history began.

Deutsche Bank provided evidence of the amount due and owing, offering the payment history,

multiple 1098 I.R.S. forms, mortgage statements, copies of checks sent from Mr. Omar for

payment on the debt, a debt validation letter, default notice letters, a divorce decree

acknowledging the debt due and owing as of September 2010, and the testimony of Benjamin

Verdooren, Senior Loan Analyst for Ocwen Financial Corporation. As noted by the trial court,

the payment history provided covered the entire frame of the default. In contrast, Mr. Omar

offered no evidence to support his testimony that he had made payments not indicated in the

bank records.

       {¶26} We conclude that the trial court did not clearly lose its way or create a manifest

miscarriage of justice, and that this is not the exceptional case, where the evidence presented
                                                9

weighs heavily in favor of the party seeking reversal. Mr. Omar’s fourth assignment of error is

overruled.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR FIVE

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ADMITTING INTO EVIDENCE AND
       CONSIDERING A LETTER PROPOSING A COMPROMISE SENT BY THE
       ATTORNEY FOR THE DEFENDANT TO THE PLAINTIFF.

       {¶27} In his fifth assignment of error, Mr. Omar argues the trial court erred when it

admitted into evidence a letter sent by Mr. Omar to Deutsche Bank. We disagree.

       {¶28} “[We] review a trial court's admission of evidence for abuse of discretion.” State

v. Truitt, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25527, 2011–Ohio–6599, ¶ 30. An abuse of discretion is more

than an error of judgment; it means that the trial court was unreasonable, arbitrary, or

unconscionable in its ruling. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St. 3d 217, 219 (1983). When

applying this standard, a reviewing court is precluded from simply substituting its own judgment

for that of the trial court. Pons v. Ohio State Med. Bd., 66 Ohio St. 3d 619, 621 (1993).

       {¶29} Evid.R. 408 provides:

       Evidence of (1) furnishing or offering or promising to furnish, or (2) accepting or
       offering or promising to accept, a valuable consideration in compromising or
       attempting to compromise a claim which was disputed as to either validity or
       amount, is not admissible to prove liability for or invalidity of the claim or its
       amount. Evidence of conduct or statements made in compromise negotiations is
       likewise not admissible. This rule does not require the exclusion of any evidence
       otherwise discoverable merely because it is presented in the course of
       compromise negotiations. This rule also does not require exclusion when the
       evidence is offered for another purpose, such as proving bias or prejudice of a
       witness, negativing a contention of undue delay, or proving an effort to obstruct a
       criminal investigation or prosecution.

“Evid.R. 408 is applicable only to bar the admission of evidence which is offered to show that

because a settlement offer was made, the offeror must be liable, because people don't offer to pay

for things for which they are not liable.” Kane v. Inpatient Med. Servs., Inc., 9th Dist. Summit
                                                 10

No. 29087, 2019-Ohio-1975, ¶ 18, quoting USCA/USA, Inc. v. High Tech Packaging, Inc., 6th

Dist. Wood Nos. WD-05-088 and WD-05-089, 2006-Ohio-6195, ¶ 34, quoting Boyle v. Daimler

Chrysler Corp., 2d Dist. Clark No. 2001-CA-81, 2002-Ohio-4199, ¶ 95.

       {¶30} The letter in question is captioned as a “Request for the Removal of all Late

Fees.” The letter is not an offer of settlement, but rather, a request that late fees on the account

be removed. As such, the letter does not fall under Evid.R. 408 because it is not evidence of

“furnishing or offering or promising to furnish, or (2) accepting or offering or promising to

accept, a valuable consideration in compromising or attempting to compromise a claim which

was disputed as to either validity or amount.”

       {¶31} Mr. Omar’s fifth assignment of error is overruled.

                                ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR SIX

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FINDING THAT THE DEFENDANT’S
       DIVORCE DECREE [WAS] AN ADMISSION AS TO THE CORRECT
       AMOUNT OWED[.]

       {¶32} In his sixth assignment of error, Mr. Omar argues the trial court erred in finding

that his divorce decree was an admission as to the correct amount owed to Deutsche Bank. Mr.

Omar contends that “he did not pay attention to this document” at the time of his divorce, and

that the debt he acknowledged at that time was not, in fact, accurate.

       {¶33} In its judgment entry, the trial court concluded Mr. Omar’s objection with regard

to the divorce decree was barred by the doctrine of res judicata, and noted that the divorce decree

acknowledged the debt and the amount due and owing as of September 2010, which was “more

than two years after Mr. Omar allegedly made additional payments.” The amount of the subject

mortgage debt listed in the divorce decree was $389,000.00. The trial court went on to grant

judgment against Mr. Omar in the amount of $357,488.77, plus interest from March 1, 2012,
                                                11

plus late fees and advances made for real estate taxes, insurance, assessments, and protection of

the property. Mr. Omar’s contention that the prior litigation occurred in a previous divorce and

measured the debt owed at a different date than the foreclosure trial is not contradicted by the

trial court’s entry of judgment, as indicated by the fact that the two amounts are not identical.

The trial court recognized the amount referenced in the divorce decree as an acknowledgment by

Mr. Omar of the amount due and owing in September 2010, and did not simply incorporate the

amount of debt listed in the decree into its judgment entry.

       {¶34} Mr. Omar’s sixth assignment of error is overruled.

                              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR SEVEN

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FINDING THAT THE DEFENDANT
       PROVIDED NO PROOF OF PAYMENTS AT TRIAL[.]

       {¶35} In his seventh assignment of error, Mr. Omar argues the trial court erred by

finding that he had provided no proof that he had made payments not recorded in the payment

history. We disagree.

       {¶36} In support of his argument, Mr. Omar points to his testimony that he sent sums of

money from Greece to pay off his mortgage in sums between $10,000.00 to $35,000.00 during

the years of 2005, 2006 and 2007. Mr. Omar further testified that he believed the mortgage had

either been paid, or close to being paid, and that the payment history produced by Deutsche Bank

was inaccurate.

       {¶37} In its judgment entry, the trial court found that “[a]lthough Mr. Omar testified that

he made large payments from banks both in the United States and Greece to pay off the principal

amounts on this [m]ortgage, this unsupported testimony was not credible.          There was no

evidence to support Mr. Omar’s position that he made payments to pay off the principal amounts

on this [m]ortgage.” The trial court further found that “Mr. Omar provided no evidence, other
                                                12

than his own testimony, to challenge or question Mr. Verdooren’s testimony or the veracity of

the loan account.” (Emphasis added.) The trial court clearly recognized that Mr. Omar provided

testimony that he made payments not recorded in the payment history; it did not, however, find

said testimony credible, nor was it supported by additional evidence.

       {¶38} Mr. Omar’s seventh assignment of error is overruled.

                              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR EIGHT

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY CONCLUDING THAT THE
       DEFENDANT’S BURDEN FOR THE AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE OF
       PAYMENT WAS NOT MET.

       {¶39} In his eighth assignment of error, Mr. Omar argues the trial court “placed the

burden in this case upon the [d]efendant” and that Deutsche Bank “failed to establish the amount

of payments made on this loan for the first three[-]and[-]a[-]half years of the loan.” We disagree.

       {¶40} Mr. Omar fails to support this contention with any reference to the record and

provides no authority in support of his argument. See App.R. 16(A)(7). As such, we may

disregard this argument.    App.R. 12(A)(2).     Moreover, as we have previously determined,

although the payment history was incomplete, the trial court determined that Deutsche Bank

provided evidence of the amount due and owing.

       {¶41} Mr. Omar’s eighth assignment of error is overruled.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NINE

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY RULING THAT THE ADMISSION OF A
       LEDGER FOR A MORTGAGE IS PROPER [] IF IT STARTS WITH A ZERO
       BALANCE[.]

       {¶42} In his ninth assignment of error, Mr. Omar argues the trial court erred in

determining that an account in a foreclosure action is not required to start at zero. We disagree.
                                                   13

        {¶43} The only authority provided by Mr. Omar under this assignment of error is

WUPW TV–36 v. Direct Results Marketing, Inc., 70 Ohio App. 3d 710 (10th Dist.1990), which he

states is the “one case that suggests that it is proper for a [c]ourt in a credit card dispute to accept

a latter start on a balance than the beginning balance.” Mr. Omar fails, however, to point to any

authority in support of his argument. See App.R. 16(A)(7). Therefore, we may disregard this

argument. App.R. 12(A)(2).

        {¶44} Mr. Omar’s ninth assignment of error is overruled.

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR TEN

        THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY GIVING WEIGHT TO A DEBT
        VALIDATION LETTER FROM THE PLAINTIFF TO THE DEFENDANT.

        {¶45} In his tenth assignment of error, Mr. Omar contends the trial court erred by giving

weight to a debt validation letter. We disagree.

        {¶46} The trial court noted that Deutsche Bank had sent Mr. Omar a debt validation

letter, dated March 4, 2013, indicating that the sum of $357,488.77 was due and owing on the

principal of the loan. Mr. Omar appears to argue that because the letter was “self[-]serving,” it

had no weight as evidence. Mr. Omar fails to point to any authority in support of his argument.

See App.R. 16(A)(7). As such, we may disregard this argument. App.R. 12(A)(2). Moreover, as

we have previously stated, the weight given to the evidence is a matter primarily for the trier of

fact to determine. Lumpkin v. Lumpkin, 9th Dist. Summit No. 21305, 2003–Ohio–2841, ¶ 20,

citing Bechtol v. Bechtol, 49 Ohio St. 3d 21, 23 (1990).

        {¶47} Mr. Omar’s tenth assignment of error is overruled.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR ELEVEN

        THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FINDING THAT EQUITY SUPPORTS A
        FORECLOSURE IN THIS CASE[.]
                                                   14

       {¶48} In his eleventh assignment of error, Mr. Omar argues the trial court erred by

finding that equity supported foreclosure. We disagree.

       {¶49} In its judgment entry, the trial court determined: “No equitable reason exists to

prohibit [Deutsche Bank] from going forward with this foreclosure action. Mr. Omar has lived

in the Property since 2012 without making any payments on the loan or paying property taxes.”

Mr. Omar again raises the issue of incomplete payment records, this time in support of his

argument that equity was not served. We find this argument without merit. This Court finds no

absence of equity in the trial court’s judgment.

       {¶50} Mr. Omar’s eleventh assignment of error is overruled.

                                                   III.

       {¶51} Mr. Omar’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Summit

County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                             Judgment affirmed.

       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
                                                15

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.

                                                     THOMAS A. TEODOSIO
                                                     FOR THE COURT

HENSAL, J.
SCHAFER, J.
CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

RANDALL D. WEISSFELD, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

BROOKE TURNER BAUTISTA, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.