Court Opinion

ID: 9559493
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-21 17:30:11.707209+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:11:12.985589
License: Public Domain

McInturff, J.
(dissenting in part)—From the inception of State v. Williams, 85 Wn.2d 29, 530 P.2d 225 (1975), our courts have strictly construed the time limits in relation to the right of a defendant to a speedy trial. I know of no *850deviation from that general philosophy.4 I dissent for three reasons.
First, there is no provision under CrR 3.3, absent the excluded time periods under subsections (d) and (e), for the trial of a defendant to occur within a period of more than 90 days. The lack of a specific rule relating to mistrials does not prevent reasoning to the obvious conclusion that, absent justification under the rule, there must be a retrial within 90 days following a mistrial. This stems from the consistently strict construction of the speedy trial rules and principles in such cases as State v. Williams, supra at 32:
A showing of prejudice to the defendant is unnecessary. . . .
The purpose of the rule is to insure speedy justice in criminal cases, insofar as reasonably possible.
and State v. Striker, 87 Wn.2d 870, 877, 557 P.2d 847 (1976):
The petitioners do not claim that their defense was prejudiced by the delay. Nevertheless, past experience has shown that unless a strict rule is applied, the right to a speedy trial as well as the integrity of the judicial process, cannot be effectively preserved.
Secondly, since Williams, our Supreme Court repeatedly has referred to the ABA standards for guidance on issues not covered specifically by the rules or statute.5 Although it could be said that the explicit notice in Striker, that resort should be had to ABA standards, came only a month prior to the end of the 90-day period in this case, certainly the prior cases were adequate notice that the standards, which *851specifically contemplate mistrials,6 should be used for guidance.
Thirdly, our court in State v. Bepple, 14 Wn. App. 491, 493, 542 P.2d 1260 (1975), reached the conclusion which could be analogized to this case:
Upon remand [from the Supreme Court], his right to a speedy trial again became operative, requiring the [District Court] to try him within 60 days of the date it regained jurisdiction.
There we set the speedy trial time clock running again after a remand as I would do here after a mistrial. I do not understand the reluctance of my brothers to engage in similar reasoning here in light of what we áccomplished unanimously in Bepple. There was no rule there requiring a trial within 60 days of remand, just as there is no rule here to mandate a retrial within 90 days following a mistrial. We did not resort to the ABA guidelines then nor need we do *852so now even though both situations are aptly covered by section 2.2(c) of the standards.
I therefore cannot reason to any other conclusion that a retrial, after a mistrial, must occur within a maximum period of 90 days. It is inconceivable to me why a longer time span is necessary. The prosecution and the defense are prepared enough to have already engaged in one attempt to resolve the charges against the defendant. He, having endured the anxiety and public suspicion attendant to being charged, is twice more exposed to the mental anguish of, first, a trial without a verdict and, then, another delay prior to the second trial. Furthermore, in a mistrial there must have been enough reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime to prevent a 12-man jury from resolving the question of his guilt. And, of course, the interests of the public in a speedy disposition of criminal charges have not been served under our rules.7
Regardless of the wisdom of a quantitative speedy trial time rule, our Supreme Court has strictly enforced CrR 3.3 and has directed us for guidance to the ABA standards. Under the law as I construe it, I am constrained to hold that the defendant should be dismissed; but I would not apply this decision retroactively.
Reconsideration denied July 13, 1977.
Review granted by Supreme Court December 16, 1977.

 See State v. Goldthorpe, 14 Wn. App. 268, 540 P.2d 455 (1975), review denied, 88 Wn.2d 1006 (1977).

 In State v. Elizondo, 85 Wn.2d 935, 937, 540 P.2d 1370 (1975), the court said:
The commentary to the ABA standards make clear that only if a defendant continues within the control of the court until the filing of a charge is the time counted from the date when a defendant is held to answer. ABA Standards Relating to Speedy Trial (Approved Draft No. 19 (1968)).
*851In State v. Parmele, 87 Wn.2d 139,142, 550 P.2d 536 (1976), the court said:
An appearance in justice court pursuant to JCrR 2.03 triggers the time limits of CrR 3.3(b). ... In the Elizondo case, although the court did not decide whether the "held to answer" concept is implicit in CrR 3.3, it approved of the concept as recognized by the American Bar Association in its Standards Relating to Speedy Trial (Approved Draft No. 19 (1968)). The commentary indicates that if at the time of filing of a criminal charge a defendant is being "held to answer"—whether in custody or released on bail or personal recognizance—for a crime, then the time for trial commences to run from the date the defendant was held to answer. Accord, State v. Elizondo, supra.
Finally, in State v. Striker, 87 Wn.2d 870, 873-74, 557 P.2d 847 (1976), the court said:
A majority of this court has twice indicated that the ABA standards should be consulted where a hiatus appears in CrR 3.3.

While those cases do not dispose of the question presented here, they point to a source which this court should consult for guidance where a situation arises which was not contemplated by the rules and not covered by a statute which is in harmony with the rules.

The ABA standards not only indicate that the time for bringing a case to trial should date from the filing of the indictment or information, where it is filed prior to arrest, but they also provide that failure to bring the matter to trial within the time limited should result in absolute discharge. ABA Standards Relating to Speedy Trial § 4.1 (Approved Draft, 1968). This latter standard has been expressly adopted by this court (CrR 3.3(b)).
(Italics ours. Footnote omitted.)

 See footnote 1.

 For a discussion of the countervailing considerations involved in speedy trial questions, see Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 532-33, 33 L. Ed. 2d 101, 92 S. Ct. 2182 (1972), and the ABA standards at pages 10-11.