Court Opinion

ID: 2726020
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 20:57:13.532274+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:46:56.736179
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not                                        Nov 27 2013, 5:42 am
be regarded as precedent or cited
before any court except for the purpose
of establishing the defense of res
judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law
of the case.

APPELLANT PRO SE:                                ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

KENNETH D. HUNTER                                BRYAN K. REDMOND
Franklin, Indiana                                Feiwell & Hannoy, P.C.
                                                 Indianapolis, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

KENNETH D. HUNTER,                               )
                                                 )
        Appellant-Petitioner,                    )
                                                 )
               vs.                               )    No. 41A01-1208-MF-352
                                                 )
E*TRADE BANK,                                    )
                                                 )
        Appellee-Respondent.                     )

                     APPEAL FROM THE JOHNSON SUPERIOR COURT
                        The Honorable David N. Riggins, Special Judge
                              Cause No. 41D03-1008-MF-399

                                      November 27, 2013

                MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION

BARNES, Judge
                                    Case Summary

      Kenneth Hunter appeals the trial court’s entry of summary judgment in favor of

E*Trade Bank (“E*Trade”). We affirm.

                                         Issues

      Hunter raises three issues, which we restate as:

             I.     whether the trial court properly denied his motion to
                    dismiss;

             II.    whether the trial court properly denied his motion to
                    recuse; and

             III.   whether the trial court properly entered summary
                    judgment in favor of E*Trade.

                                          Facts

      On March 17, 2006, Hunter executed a promissory note to Home Loan Center,

Inc., d/b/a Lending Tree Loans (“Lending Tree”) in the amount of $85,000. To secure

repayment of that note, Hunter executed a mortgage pursuant to which Mortgage

Electronic Registration Systems, Inc., as nominee for Lending Tree was granted a

security interest in a parcel of property in Franklin. This mortgage was recorded on June

12, 2006.

      On August 30, 2010, E*Trade Financial filed a complaint to enforce the

promissory note executed by Hunter and to foreclose on the mortgage. The complaint

alleged that Hunter had defaulted by failing to pay the monthly mortgage payment after

January 25, 2010.

                                            2
       On September 20, 2010, Hunter filed a pro se motion to dismiss asserting that

E*Trade Financial failed to prove standing. Among other things, Hunter claimed that

E*Trade Financial had not proved it was in possession of the promissory note and

mortgage and, as such, was not entitled to enforce the instruments. On October 22, 2010,

the trial court, by Douglas B. Cummins, acting as a temporary judge, denied Hunter’s

motion to dismiss.1

       On December 12, 2011, Hunter filed a motion to dismiss for failure to prosecute

pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 41(E). On February 16, 2012, E*Trade Financial moved

to substitute E*Trade as the plaintiff, responded to Hunter’s motion to dismiss, and

moved for summary judgment. On February 28, 2012, Hunter replied, again challenging

E*Trade’s ability to enforce the promissory note and to foreclose on the mortgage.

Hunter also filed a motion to set aside the order denying his 2010 motion to dismiss in

which he asserted that Judge Cummins had not been sworn in at the time the order was

signed. Judge Lance D. Hamner of Johnson Superior Court 3 denied this motion on the

same day.

       On March 28, 2012, Hunter filed a motion to reconsider the denial of the motion

to set aside. That same day, Hunter also filed a motion for the recusal of Judge Hamner

and for the appointment of a special judge. On April 23, 2012, Judge Hamner recused

and ordered that a special judge be selected pursuant to the local rules. Judge David N.

Riggins of Shelby Superior Court 2 was appointed as special judge. On July 6, 2012,

1
  This order was not referenced in the chronological case summary until a November 30, 2011 nunc pro
tunc entry.
                                                 3
Hunter filed a motion to order the appointment of Judge Riggins invalid and for the

referral of the case to our supreme court.

        At a July 19, 2012 hearing on all pending motions, Hunter challenged Judge

Riggins’s appointment and, upon the trial court’s denial of Hunter’s motion, Hunter

refused to further participate in the hearing. E*Trade made arguments regarding its

motion for summary judgment and presented the trial court with the original note and

mortgage, at which point Hunter left the hearing. Following the hearing, the trial court

granted E*Trade’s motion for summary judgment, entered judgment in favor of E*Trade,

and issued a decree of foreclosure. Hunter now appeals.

                                               Analysis

                                       I. Motion to Dismiss2

        Hunter argues that Judge Cummins was not authorized to deny his 2010 motion to

dismiss because he did not take the oath of temporary judge until the day after the order

was issued. In ruling on Hunter’s motion to set aside that order, the trial court found that

Judge Cummins took the oath of office on October 21, 2010, before denying Hunter’s

motion to dismiss, and that the notation dated October 23, 2010, on the order appointing

Judge Cummins temporary judge was made by the clerk upon her receipt of the order.

Thus, Judge Cummins was authorized to rule on the motion to dismiss.

2
  E*Trade argues that we should not review this issue because Hunter did not include the denial of his
2010 motion to dismiss or the denial of his motion to set aside as orders being appealed in his notice of
appeal. However, because this issue relates to the recusal issue, we address it on the merits.

                                                   4
       Even if Judge Cummins’s oath of office was not timely, Hunter has not shown that

his substantial rights were prejudiced by the denial of the motion to dismiss. Indiana

Trial Rule 61 provides:

              No error in either the admission or the exclusion of evidence
              and no error or defect in any ruling or order in anything done
              or omitted by the court or by any of the parties is ground for
              granting relief under a motion to correct errors or for setting
              aside a verdict or for vacating, modifying or otherwise
              disturbing a judgment or order or for reversal on appeal,
              unless refusal to take such action appears to the court
              inconsistent with substantial justice. The court at every stage
              of the proceeding must disregard any error or defect in the
              proceeding which does not affect the substantial rights of the
              parties.

       Hunter argues that all subsequent hearings and proceedings were so overshadowed

by Judge Cummins’s order that he was denied due process. We do not agree that both

Judge Hamner and Judge Riggins “exhibited clear bias and prejudice” against Hunter

because of Judge Cummins’s purported lack of authority. Appellant’s Br. p. 20. This

assertion is simply not supported by the record. Further, Hunter has not established that

his motion to dismiss would have been or should have been granted had Judge

Cummins’s oath of office been timely.        As such, even if Judge Cummins was not

authorized to rule on the motion to dismiss, we fail to see how the denial of the motion to

dismiss prejudiced Hunter’s substantial rights.

                                  II. Motion to Recuse

       Hunter argues that Judge Riggins should have recused himself because he violated

“his oath of office in the same manner which caused Johnson County Judge Hamner to

recuse . . . .” Appellant’s Br. p. 22. Apparently challenging the manner in which

                                             5
temporary judges are appointed in Shelby County, Hunter claims, “By the fact that both

judges were openly exposed challenged by [Hunter] as improperly engaging in allowing

persons to assume judicial duties in violation of the constitutions of both Indiana and the

United States of America, both judges should have recognized their potential for bias.”

Id. at 23.

       On appeal, Hunter does not provide us with the appropriate standard of review or

direct us to the portions of the Indiana Code of Judicial Conduct that were purportedly

violated. He does, however, cite Bloomington Magazine, Inc. v. Kiang, 961 N.E.2d 61,

63 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), which explains that a ruling upon a motion to recuse rests within

the sound discretion of the trial judge and will be reversed only upon a showing of abuse

of that discretion. “An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court’s decision is

against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it.” Kiang, 961 N.E.2d

at 63-64. When reviewing a trial judge’s decision not to disqualify himself or herself, we

presume that the trial judge is unbiased. Id. at 64. To overcome that presumption, the

appellant must demonstrate actual personal bias. Id. The mere appearance of bias and

partiality may require recusal if an objective person, knowledgeable of all the

circumstances, would have a rational basis for doubting the judge’s impartiality. Id.

“Upon review of a judge’s failure to recuse, we will assume that a judge would have

complied with the obligation to recuse had there been any reasonable question concerning

impartiality, unless we discern circumstances which support a contrary conclusion.” Id.

       Quite simply, even if Judge Cummins had not been properly sworn in at the time

he denied Hunter’s motion to dismiss, Hunter has not established that Judge Riggins was

                                            6
actually biased or that an objective person knowledgeable of all the circumstances would

have a rational basis for doubting Judge Riggins’s impartiality in ruling on the pending

motions.   Without more, Hunter has not established that Judge Riggins abused his

discretion when he denied Hunter’s motion to recuse.

                          III. Motion for Summary Judgment

       Hunter argues that the grant of E*Trade’s motion for summary judgment was

improper. “Summary judgment is only appropriate when the moving party affirmatively

shows that there are no genuine issues of material fact with regard to a particular issue or

claim.” Holiday Hospitality Franchising, Inc. v. AMCO Ins. Co., 983 N.E.2d 574, 577

(Ind. 2013) (citing Ind. Trial Rule 56(C)). “The non-moving party then bears the burden

of coming forward with designated evidence showing the existence of a genuine issue of

material fact.” Id. We review these cases through the same lens and view all designated

evidence and reasonable inferences in a light most favorable to the non-moving party,

resolving any doubts against the moving party. Id. “We will affirm a trial court’s

summary judgment on any theory supported by the record.” Id. “When the facts are

undisputed, reversal is only appropriate if the trial court incorrectly applied the law to

those facts.”

       Hunter challenges the assignment of the mortgage to E*Trade and argues that

E*Trade did not show that it owned the mortgage. Hunter argues that the loan was

assigned to Countrywide Home Loans (“Countrywide”) in 2006 and could not have been

assigned from Lending Tree to E*Trade in 2010. In support of this argument, Hunter

relies in part on a March 31, 2006 letter from Countrywide to Hunter indicating the

                                             7
servicing of his loan and the right to collect payments from him had been assigned, sold,

or transferred from Lending Tree to Countrywide.3 Even if this letter is sufficient to

create an issue of fact regarding the servicing of the loan in 2006, it does not create a

material issue of fact regarding the ownership of the loan at the time of the August 30,

2010 complaint because E*Trade designated evidence indicating that it held the original

promissory note and that the mortgage was assigned from Lending Tree to E*Trade

Financial on August 6, 2010.4 At the summary judgment hearing, counsel for E*Trade

presented the trial court and Hunter with the original promissory note and mortgage for

review, at which point Hunter left the hearing.5

         Based on various provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code, E*Trade contends

that, when the promissory note was endorsed in blank, it was converted into a bearer

instrument and, because E*Trade had possession of the bearer instrument, it is a holder of

the instrument with standing to enforce it. See Ind. Code §§ 26-1-3.1-205(b); 26-1-3.1-

301(1); 26-1-1-201(20)(A); & 26-1-3.1-109(a). Hunter does not provide legal argument

disputing this point but contends that the mortgage and note appear to have been split,

with E*Trade arguably claiming to hold the note and Countrywide owning the mortgage.

3
  Although E*Trade asserts that Hunter did not designate any evidence in response to its motion for
summary judgment, for purposes of this appeal, we consider the exhibits attached to Hunter’s response as
designated evidence.
4
    E*Trade Financial assigned this mortgage to E*Trade on January 26, 2012.
5
  The trial court noted, “given that Mr. Hunter has now left the Courtroom, uh, there’s no objection, uh,
to me considering these two (2) documents which were already in my file anyway, I believe.” Tr. p. 30.

                                                    8
       The designated evidence simply does not support Hunter’s claim that E*Trade did

not own the mortgage when it filed the complaint.           Although Hunter’s designated

evidence shows that Countrywide was involved in the servicing of the loan, Hunter does

not direct us to any document indicating that Countrywide recorded an assignment of the

mortgage from Lending Tree. As Hunter acknowledged in his response to E*Trade’s

motion for summary judgment, when a mortgage is assigned, the assignee is statutorily

required to record that assignment. See Ind. Code § 32-29-1-8.

       Further, E*Trade argues that, even if the mortgage was not properly assigned to

E*Trade, because it is entitled to enforce the promissory note, it is entitled to enforce the

mortgage. See Egbert v. Egbert, 226 Ind. 346, 351, 80 N.E.2d 104, 106 (1948) (“The

assignment of a note secured by mortgage operates pro tanto as an assignment of the

mortgage.”). Accordingly, E*Trade has established that there are no genuine issues of

material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. The trial court properly

granted summary judgment for E*Trade.

                                        Conclusion

       Hunter has not established that the denial of his motion to dismiss or the denial of

his motion to recuse was improper. Also, because there are no genuine issues of material

fact and E*Trade established it was entitled to judgment as a matter of law, the trial court

properly granted its motion for summary judgment. We affirm.

       Affirmed.

CRONE, J., and PYLE, J., concur.

                                              9