Court Opinion

ID: 9892033
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-20 07:11:20.885471+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:16:49.710867
License: Public Domain

In The

                              Court of Appeals

                   Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont

                             __________________

                             NO. 09-22-00429-CR
                             NO. 09-22-00430-CR
                             NO. 09-22-00431-CR
                             __________________

                      DUSTY AUTHEMENT, Appellant

                                       V.

                      THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

__________________________________________________________________

              On Appeal from the Criminal District Court
                        Jefferson County, Texas
           Trial Cause Nos. 19-31321, 19-31325, and 19-31326
__________________________________________________________________

                         MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Dusty Authement appeals his convictions for the offense of continuous sexual

abuse of a young child in trial court cause number 19-31321 and the offenses of

sexual assault of a child in trial court cause numbers 19-31325 and 19-31326. See

Tex. Penal Code Ann. §§ 21.02, 22.011(a)(2). In five issues, Authement complains

                                       1
about the denial of counsel and the admission of extraneous offense evidence. For

the reasons discussed below, we affirm the trial court’s judgments.

                        PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

      In trial cause number 19-31321, a grand jury indicted Authement for the

offense of continuous sexual abuse of a young child occurring from on or about

March 29, 2013, through on or about March 29, 2016, alleging that he committed

two or more acts of sexual abuse against Kate, 1 a child who was younger than 14

years of age, namely, aggravated sexual assault and indecency with a child. See id.

§§ 21.02, 22.021(a)(1)(B). In trial cause number 19-31325, a grand jury indicted

Authement for the offense of sexual assault of a child, alleging that on July 1, 2018,

he intentionally and knowingly caused his sexual organ to contact or penetrate the

mouth of Kate, a child younger than 17 years of age. See id. § 22.011(a)(2)(B). In

trial cause number 19-31326, a grand jury indicted Authement for the offense of

sexual assault of a child alleging that on August 15, 2018, he intentionally and

knowingly caused his sexual organ to contact or penetrate the sexual organ of Kate,

      1
       We refer to the crime victims by a pseudonym to protect their
privacy. See Tex. Const. art. I, § 30(a)(1) (granting crime victims “the right to be
treated with fairness and with respect for the victim’s identity and privacy
throughout the criminal justice process”).

                                          2
a child younger than 17 years of age. See id. § 22.011(a)(2)(A). The three cases were

tried together before the same jury.

      Kate, who was twenty years old at the time of trial, testified that her stepfather,

Authement, started molesting her when she was eleven years old, and when she was

sixteen, she told her grandmother about the sexual abuse. Kate testified that

Authement sexually abused her for five years, and he also sexually abused her sister,

Kelly. Kate explained that when she was eleven, Authement started putting his hand

underneath her underwear and touching the outside of her genitals and making her

touch his penis with her hand and give him a “hand job.” Kate explained that when

she was thirteen she lost her virginity when Authement put his penis inside her

genitals, and she testified that Authement had sex with her approximately twenty

times. Kate also testified that Authement put his penis in her mouth.

      After Kate’s direct testimony, the State informed the trial court that it intended

to call two of Kate’s sisters, Kelly and Debbie, and offer their testimony under

Article 38.37 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc.

Ann. art. 38.37, § 2. The record shows that before the trial court decided whether to

admit the evidence addressing Authement’s extraneous offenses against Kelly and

Debbie, the trial court conducted the required Article 38.37 hearing without the jury

present. See id. art. 38.37 § 2-a. During the hearing, Kelly testified that her

stepfather, Authement, began sexually abusing her when she was around eight or
                                           3
nine years old. Kelly explained that he touched her breasts, vagina, and butt with his

hand both on top and underneath her clothing, and when she was around twelve or

thirteen, he started putting his penis into her vagina a couple of times a week. Kelly

testified that the abuse continued for years and included Authement performing oral

sex on her and her touching Authement’s penis with her hand. Kelly explained that

she was thirteen when she told her mother about the abuse, but Authement claimed

she was lying and the abuse continued.

      The State argued that Kelly’s testimony was admissible under Article 38.37,

section 2, because Authement was on trial for continuous sexual abuse of a child and

sexual assault of a child concerning Kate and was also under indictment for

committing those same offenses against Kelly. The State offered Kelly’s testimony

“for any bearing the evidence has on relevant matters including the character of the

defendant and acts performed in conformity with that character.” The State argued

that Kelly’s testimony was relevant because it informed the jury that it was more

likely Authement sexually abused Kate since he also sexually abused Kelly and

Debbie. Authement complained about the testimony’s relevance and argued its

probative value was greatly outweighed by the prejudicial value.

      The trial court found that Kelly’s testimony:

      is likely to be admitted here subsequently in this trial when she is called
      before the jury and would be adequate to support a finding by the jury
      if they believed beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant
                                          4
      committed the separate offenses beyond a reasonable doubt. And this
      Court is making this finding based upon a hearing outside the presence
      of the jury and I will allow its admissibility and we will have to give an
      instruction to the jury that it can be admitted for any bearing the
      evidence has on relevant matters which includes the character of the
      defendant and acts performed in conformity with the character of the
      defendant.

      The trial court conducted a second Article 38.37 hearing to consider the

admissibility of Debbie’s testimony. Debbie testified that she was sleeping in bed

with her parents when she was twelve years old when her father, Authement, touched

her breasts underneath her clothes and started “dry humping” her, and she explained

that she felt Authement’s penis pressing against her butt. Debbie testified that she

told her mother, who stated that Authement probably thought it was her and not

Debbie, but Debbie stated that Authement was awake and knew what side of the bed

she was on.

      The State argued that Debbie’s testimony was admissible under Article 38.37

for any bearing it had on relevant matters, including the defendant’s character and

acts performed in conformity with that character, and Authement objected to the

relevancy and prejudicial value of the testimony. The trial court overruled

Authement’s objections to Kelly’s and Debbie’s testimony; found the evidence

admissible under section two of Article 38.37 and that the probative value of the

evidence was not substantially outweighed by its prejudicial value; admitted the

evidence for any bearing it may have on relevant matters, including the defendant’s
                                          5
character and acts performed in conformity with that character; and found that the

evidence was adequate to support a finding by the jury that Authement committed

those acts beyond a reasonable doubt. The trial court explained that the evidence

concerning allegations of sexual misconduct “are maybe of the highest prejudicial

issues in evidence admitted in cases, but Article 38.37 was passed by the legislature

to deal with that sensitive issue[,]” and the trial court found that the issues provided

evidentiary value, including the age of the victims, which conforms to Kate’s age,

and the fact that all the allegations of sexual abuse occurred in the same home and

similar environment.

      The trial court allowed both Kelly and Debbie to testify in front of the jury

about Authement’s sexual abuse. The trial court instructed the jury that it could only

consider their testimony for any bearing the evidence may have on relevant matters

from the three pending indictments, including the character of the defendant and

whether acts that are being testified to were performed in conformity with the

character of the defendant. The trial court further instructed the jury that before

testimony could be considered for the limited purposes in the deliberations, the jury

must believe beyond a reasonable doubt that the testimony is true.

      Syrena Krummel, a forensic nurse, also was allowed to testify about State’s

Exhibits 23, 24, and 25 that contained medical records concerning the SANE exams

for Kate, Kelly, and Debbie. Authement objected to States’s Exhibits 24 and 25,
                                           6
Kelly and Debbie’s SANE exams, as being irrelevant because they did not relate to

the complaining witness, and he argued the evidence would confuse the jury. The

State argued that the medical evidence was admissible under Article 38.37 as

additional evidence to support the testimony of the witnesses. The trial court

overruled Authement’s objections, admitted State’s Exhibits 24 and 25, reminded

the jury about its previous instruction about matters involving alleged additional or

separate crimes of different children other than the complaining witness in the

indictment, and informed the jury that it could only consider the evidence for any

bearing it may have on relevant matters from the pending indictments, including the

character of the defendant and whether acts that are being testified to were performed

in conformity with the character of the defendant, and only if it believed the evidence

beyond a reasonable doubt.

      Krummel testified about the SANE exam she performed on Kelly, including

Kelly’s statement that Authement sexually abused her for almost four years.

Krummel also testified about Debbie’s SANE exam and that Debbie reported that

Authement touched her breast under her clothes and humped her from behind on one

occasion.

      In trial cause number 19-31321, the jury found Authement guilty of

continuous sexual abuse of a young child and assessed punishment at life in prison.

In trial cause numbers 19-31325 and 19-31326, the jury found Authement guilty of
                                          7
sexual assault of a child and assessed punishment at twenty years of confinement in

each case.

                                     ANALYSIS

      In issue one, Authement complains the trial court erred by allowing him to

terminate his court appointed counsel in the middle of trial and forcing him to

represent himself to his detriment. Authement contends the trial court failed to

adequately admonish him concerning the disadvantages and other factors of self-

representation. In issue two, Authement argues the trial court’s actions denied him

his constitutional and statutory rights to the effective assistance of counsel.

      A criminal defendant has the right to assistance of counsel and right to waive

counsel and represent himself. See U.S. CONST. amends. VI, XIV; Tex. Const. art. 1

§ 10; Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 1.05. The Sixth Amendment and the Due

Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees a criminal defendant’s

right to counsel. See Thomas v. State, 550 S.W.2d 64, 67 (Tex. Crim. App. 1977).

      The Sixth Amendment also implies that a criminal defendant has the right to

waive counsel and represent himself. See Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 819

(1975). A waiver of counsel must be made (1) competently, (2) knowingly and

intelligently, and (3) voluntarily. See id. at 834–36; see also Godinez v. Moran, 509

U.S. 389, 400–01 (1993); Collier v. State, 959 S.W.2d 621, 625–26 (Tex. Crim. App.

1997). “The decision to waive counsel and proceed pro se is made ‘knowingly and
                                           8
intelligently’ if it is made with a full understanding of the right to counsel, which is

being abandoned, as well as the dangers and disadvantages of self-

representation.” Collier, 959 S.W.2d at 626 (citing Faretta, 422 U.S. at 834–36); see

also Goffney v. State, 843 S.W.2d 583, 585 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992). The record must

show the trial court thoroughly admonished the defendant. Faretta, 422 U.S. at 834–

36; Collier, 959 S.W.2d at 626 n.8.

      “[T]he record must be sufficient for the reviewing court to make an

assessment that the defendant was made aware of the dangers and disadvantages of

the self-representation.” Goffney, 843 S.W.2d at 585 (citation omitted). In other

words, when a defendant desires to proceed pro se, our inquiry “must center not on

a traditional waiver of counsel analysis, but on whether the defendant is aware of the

dangers and disadvantages of self-representation.” Johnson v. State, 760 S.W.2d

277, 278 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988). In determining whether the defendant knowingly

and intelligently waived counsel, we consider the totality of the circumstances,

including the accused’s background, experience, and conduct. See Grant v. State,

255 S.W.3d 642, 647–48 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2007, no pet.). These

considerations may include a defendant’s education or sophistication, the simplicity

of the charge, and the stage of the proceeding. Id. at 648. Other considerations

include whether counsel represented the defendant before trial, whether standby

                                           9
counsel was appointed, and whether a defendant had experience with the criminal

justice system. Id.

      “In analyzing a defendant’s assertion of his right to self-representation, the

focus is not solely on whether the right to counsel was waived but also on whether

the defendant was aware of the dangers and disadvantages of self-representation.”

Huggins v. State, No. PD-0590-21, 2023 WL 5729843, at *2 (Tex. Crim. App.—

Sept. 6, 2023) (citing Goffney, 843 S.W.2d at 585). A trial judge should ensure that

a defendant’s choice to represent himself at trial is informed and made with eyes

open. Faretta, 422 U.S. at 835.

      The record reflects that on March 18, 2019, the trial court appointed

Authement counsel, and on April 15, 2019, the trial court found good cause existed

to substitute another attorney as appointed counsel. On August 23, 2020, Authement

filed a pro se Motion to Substitute Counsel, claiming that his trial counsel had

provided ineffective assistance by disregarding his defense and failing to

communicate, obtain discovery, and gather evidence. On March 29, 2022,

Authement filed a pro se Motion to Dismiss for Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

and sought the dismissal of all pending charges against him for denial of counsel and

his right to a speedy trial. Authement also filed a pro se Motion for Defendant’s

Constitutional Right to Hybrid Representation, stating that he did not want to

                                         10
expressly relinquish any of his constitutional and statutory rights, had no wish to

represent himself, and wanted his attorney of record to file all motions on his behalf.

      The record shows that after the State rested, the following exchange occurred:

            THE COURT: . . . Mr. Authement, the defendant, I have been
      informed that you wish to represent yourself at this time. Is that true?

            THE DEFENDANT: I wish to waive my rights to court
      appointed counsel, yes, sir.

             THE COURT: Is that yes?

             THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

            THE COURT: Okay. All right. Have you thought about that for
      a long time?

             THE DEFENDANT: I’ve thought about it enough.

             THE COURT: Okay. All right. The law provides that if a
      defendant wishes to . . . waive his right to counsel, the Court must
      advise you of the dangers and disadvantages of self-representation. So,
      that’s the first thing. No. 1, I’ve done this for 40 years and I thought
      when I got into law school, the first day of law school, that I knew a lot
      and I realized this is like brain surgery.

             THE DEFENDANT: Right. I understand.

            THE COURT: It takes -- it’s not only a science. It’s an art, as
      well, which not only takes education, but also training and experience.
      Have you ever been -- I don’t ask -- I’m not asking this facetiously.
      Have your ever practiced law in your life? I don’t know much about
      you. Were you a lawyer at any time?

             THE DEFENDANT: I was not a lawyer at any time but I’ve been
      learning from someone that has been studying for the last 25 years, I
      hear you’re rivals with, is Mr. John Mark Whatley.
                                          11
         THE COURT: I don’t -- I don’t even know that person.

         THE DEFENDANT: He’s been in your court in trial I think two
times.

         THE COURT: I don’t remember. I’ve only had 550 trials.

         ...

      THE DEFENDANT: So, I learned from him anyways; and I do
know quite a bit. All the stuff, the motions that I have put in and filed
myself because he didn’t do it, which is due process violation ‘cause I
needed him to and he wasn’t there for me, I actually helped write these.

         THE COURT: Okay.

       THE DEFENDANT: So, I would like all of them, plus this one
right here, ruled on today before we go into –

      THE COURT: Okay. Let me get to one step at a time. The
dangers and disadvantages of self-representation. If you decide to
represent yourself, you’re going to have to act in accordance with the
laws which include the Rules of Evidence which include the Code of
Criminal Procedure.

         THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

       THE COURT: Which includes the penal codes, which are the
laws that are essentially applicable in these particular cases. And the
fact that you have not been an attorney before, nor experienced in it, in
a case where you are looking at life imprisonment –

         THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

       THE COURT: -- in all cases, right? All these cases. Is that right?
Standby. No, you’ve got two second-degree felonies, up to 20 years
imprisonment, but the most serious, continuous sexual abuse of a child,
carries with it potentially up to life in prison and parole is not an option
                                    12
nor probation. So, there you have some obstacles and hurdles that you
must navigate around which takes experience. But you are a grown-up.
How old are you now?

      THE DEFENDANT: I am 37, sir.

      THE COURT: You’re a grown-up. How far did you go in
school?

      THE DEFENDANT: I went to the 11th grade and then I started
having kids and having to take care of them --

      THE COURT: Okay.

      ...

      THE DEFENDANT: I guess that’s normal for some people and
some people it isn’t, to have to go or to have to stop school to go to
work to provide for their families better at the present time that that
happened.

      THE COURT: All right. The first thing is that Mr. West, who has
been appointed to represent you, I don’t think you’ve retained him.

      THE DEFENDANT: No.

      THE COURT: He’s appointed to represent you.

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

      ...

      THE COURT: . . . I know him to be an experienced and
competent and very effective attorney. But as an adult, which I find you
to be an adult and competent to make your own adult decisions, you
have a right to waive your right to counsel and if I grant that, you are
intending to what, self-represent? Represent yourself?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.
                                  13
       THE COURT: You don’t have an attorney retained or anything
like that –

      THE DEFENDANT: No. sir.

      THE COURT: . . . So, are you requesting the Court to discontinue
Mr. West as your attorney and allow you to represent yourself through
the remainder of this trial, these trials?

       THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir. But I was under the impression
that he would be on standby for me if I needed somebody.

      THE COURT: I haven’t gotten to that part yet.

      THE DEFENDANT: Okay. I’m sorry. Yes, sir.

      THE COURT: But that’s what you’re asking for right?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

      THE COURT: Are you making this decision voluntarily, after
thought and reflection –

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

      THE COURT: --or, in other words, intelligently?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

      THE COURT: And you are doing that on your own free will?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, I am.

       THE COURT: All right. If you are unable to afford counsel, one
can be appointed to represent you free of charge. Understanding your
right to have counsel appointed for you, even free of charge to you if
you are not financially able to employ counsel, do you wish to waive

                                 14
that right and are you requesting the Court to proceed with your cases
without an attorney being appointed for you?

      THE DEFENDANT: May I ask a question, sir?

      THE COURT: Uh-huh.

       THE DEFENDANT: I’ve put in for a motion to -- for ineffective
assistance of counsel. Can I have that granted to be able to get a decent
attorney that I think is decent?

        THE COURT: Not at this time. I mean, we’re in the middle of
trial, sir. You’ve got -- you’re entitled to a competent attorney. No
matter what you may subjectively think, Mr. West I have not found to
be incompetent, nor have I ever known him in his lengthy time of
practicing to ever have been sanctioned by the bar association but –

      THE DEFENDANT: May I say something else?

      THE COURT: But -- I’m just asking you one question at a time
and then answer. Is that what you’re asking me to do?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

      THE COURT: Okay.

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

       THE COURT: Now, you may withdraw this waiver of right to
counsel at any time and if you withdraw that waiver, then the Court in
its discretion may provide you appointed counsel that’s competent but
we’re in trial right now and we are about to move toward whatever
presentation that -- the State has rested, then whatever presentation you
wish to make will be allowed and then we go into final arguments.
       So, what I’m going to do at your request is find that you are
making your decision to self-represent voluntarily, knowingly,
intelligently, and that I will allow Mr. West, who is a competent
attorney, to stand by and assist you if necessary. At any time that you
need to discuss something with him, please make that known to the
                                   15
Court and the Court will allow you to consult with him because these
are important cases in your life. I have something called election to self-
represent, a document right here. Please review it, sign it, if that’s what
you wish. . . .

      ...

       THE COURT: . . . You have requested here on – after the State
has rested overnight and here on the third day of trial, you have
requested that the court relieve Mr. West, your court appointed
attorney, as your attorney. Is that what you still wish?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, your honor.

       THE COURT: You’re making that decision after we’ve talked
earlier and based upon reflection and you are requesting that
voluntarily?

      THE DEFENANT: Yes, your Honor.

      THE COURT: All right. I’ve tendered to you that document
waiver. Have you seen it?

      THE DEFENDANT: I have seen it.

      THE COURT: All right. Will you please sign that? It expresses
exactly what you’re asking for. Read it. . . .

      ...

       THE COURT: . . . Okay. Give it to bailiff if you’d be so kind.
Thank you. Thank you very much. This will be received and granted
this day.
       All right. The Court is finding that the defendant has knowingly
and voluntarily elected to represent himself at this stage of the trial,
even though the State has rested. And we have been in his trial for three
days. The Court is, after discussing this with the defendant, is going to
grant his request; but I’m going to ask Mr. West to stay at counsel table.
And, Mr. Authement, at any time if you need to discuss any matters
                                    16
      with Mr. West, who is again a licensed competent attorney. . . . He will
      be sitting there but as a person who is going to represent themselves,
      you are going to be required to follow the rules of evidence . . . and you
      will be required to follow the Code of Criminal Procedure and all other
      laws. Even though you may not be schooled in them, if you’re going to
      represent yourself, you are saddled with that responsibility of following
      those rules, nonetheless. Do you understand?

            THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

      The record shows the trial court questioned Authement about his education

and training, admonished him concerning the right of self-representation, and

discussed his attempts to file items on his behalf and his complaints regarding his

perceived denial of his constitutional rights. The trial court inquired about

Authement’s desire to relieve his court appointed counsel and the Election to Self-

Represent, which Authement signed. The Election to Self-Represent states:

      I have been advised on the 29th day of November, 2022, by the Criminal
      District Court of my right to representation by counsel in the cases
      pending against me. I have been further advised that if I am unable to
      afford counsel, one will be appointed for me free of charge.
      Understanding my right to have counsel appointed for me free of charge
      if I am not financially able to employ counsel, I wish to waive that right
      and request the court proceed with my case without an attorney being
      appointed for me. I hereby waive my right to counsel. I understand that
      I may withdraw a waiver of the right to counsel at any time. I am
      making this decision freely and voluntarily.

      The record also established that the trial court discussed with Authement the

charges against him, the risks of proceeding without counsel, including evidentiary

issues, and the dangers of representing himself. The trial court allowed Authement’s

                                         17
court appointed counsel to act as standby counsel to assist Authement if needed.

Based on the totality of the circumstances, the trial court sufficiently admonished

Authement about the dangers of representing himself, and the record shows

Authement knowingly and intelligently chose to do so, thereby effectively waiving

his right to counsel. See Faretta, 422 U.S. at 835; Collier, 959 S.W.2d at 626 n.8;

Goffney, 843 S.W.2d at 585. Based on the record before us, we conclude that

Authement was “aware of the dangers and disadvantages of self-representation[,]”

and he made his choice with “eyes open.” See Faretta, 422 U.S. at 835; Huggins,

2023 WL 5729843, at *2; Goffney, 843 S.W.2d at 585. Additionally, by choosing to

represent himself, Authement forfeited any subsequent ineffective assistance of

counsel claim. See Perez v. State, 261 S.W.3d 760, 766 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th

Dist.] 2008, pet. ref’d) (citing Faretta, 422 U.S. at 834 n.46). We overrule issues one

and two.

      In issues three and four, Authement complains the trial court erred by

admitting evidence of extraneous sexual abuse concerning Kelly and Debbie.

Authement argues the evidence should have been excluded because it was so

prejudicial as to outweigh any probative value.

      Generally, evidence of extraneous offenses may not be used against the

accused in a criminal trial, but exceptions to this prohibition exist. One such

exception is Article 38.37 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, which provides
                                          18
for a hearing outside the jury’s presence so the trial court can determine whether

certain evidence of extraneous offenses should be admitted at trial. Lopez v. State,

No. 09-19-00179-CR, 2021 WL 1010957, at *6 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Mar. 17,

2021, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); see Tex. Code Crim Proc.

Ann. art. 38.37. Section 2(b) of the statute allows for the admission of evidence of

extraneous offenses committed by the defendant against individuals other than the

victim and states as follows:

          Notwithstanding Rules 404 and 405, Texas Rules of Evidence, and
          subject to Section 2-a, evidence that the defendant has committed a
          separate offense described by Subsection (a)(1) or (2) may be admitted
          in the trial of an alleged offense described by Subsection (a)(1) or (2)
          for any bearing the evidence has on relevant matters, including the
          character of the defendant and acts performed in conformity with the
          character of the defendant.

Tex. Code Crim Proc. Ann. art. 38.37 § 2(b); see Lopez, 2021 WL 1010957, at *6

(citing Aguillen v. State, 534 S.W.3d 701, 711 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2017, no

pet.)).

          Although extraneous-offense evidence admissible under Article 38.37 does

not have to meet the requirement of Texas Rule of Evidence 404, the trial court must

conduct a balancing test under Rule of Evidence 403 before it admits the evidence.

See Tex. Code Crim Proc. Ann. art. 38.37 § 2(b); see also Garcia v. State, 201

S.W.3d 695, 702 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006); Lopez, 2021 WL 1010957, at *6. When a

trial court conducts a Rule 403 balancing test, it
                                            19
      must balance (1) the inherent probative force of the proffered item of
      evidence along with (2) the proponent’s need for that evidence against
      (3) any tendency of the evidence to suggest decision on an improper
      basis, (4) any tendency of the evidence to confuse or distract the jury
      from the main issues, (5) any tendency of the evidence to be given
      undue weight by a jury that has not been equipped to evaluate the
      probative force of the evidence, and (6) the likelihood that presentation
      of the evidence will consume and inordinate amount of time or merely
      repeat evidence already admitted.

Gigliobianco v. State, 210 S.W.3d 637, 641–42 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). The trial

court may exclude the evidence if its probative value is outweighed by a danger of

unfair prejudice, confusing the issues, misleading the jury, undue delay, or

needlessly presenting cumulative evidence. Tex. R. Evid. 403. The trial court must

also determine whether the evidence of prior sexual misconduct likely to be admitted

will be adequate to support a finding by the jury that the defendant committed the

separate offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Tex. Code Crim Proc. Ann. art. 38.37

§ 2-a; Belcher v. State, 474 S.W.3d 840, 847 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2015, no pet.).

      We review the trial court’s decision to admit evidence of extraneous offenses

under Article 38.37 for an abuse of discretion. Guevara v. State, 667 S.W.3d 422,

438–39 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2023, pet. ref’d); Lopez, 2021 WL 1010957, at *7

(citing Devoe v. State, 354 S.W.3d 457, 468 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011)) (other citations

omitted). “As long as the trial court’s ruling is within the ‘zone of reasonable

disagreement,’ there is no abuse of discretion, and the trial court’s ruling will be

upheld.” De La Paz v. State, 279 S.W.3d 336, 343–44 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009).
                                         20
Generally, when challenged on appeal, a ruling admitting evidence of extraneous

offenses will be found to fall within the zone of reasonable disagreement “if evidence

shows that 1) an extraneous transaction is relevant to a material, non-propensity

issue, and 2) the probative value of the evidence is not outweighed by the danger of

unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury.” Id. at 344.

      The record shows that before the trial court decided whether to admit the

evidence addressing Authement’s extraneous offenses, the trial court conducted the

required Article 38.37 hearing without the jury present. See Tex. Code Crim Proc.

Ann. art. 38.37, § 2-a. The record further shows that the trial court conducted the

necessary balancing test and found that the probative value of the evidence was not

substantially outweighed by its prejudicial value, explaining that the evidence had

evidentiary value because the victims were the same age as Kate and all the

allegations of sexual abuse occurred in the same home and similar environment.

Based on the record before us, we conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion

by admitting the evidence concerning Authement’s extraneous offenses against

Kelly and Debbie pursuant to Article 38.37, section 2. See Deggs v. State, 646

S.W.3d 916, 925 (Tex. App.—Waco 2022, pet. ref’d) (explaining that the probative

value of sexual offenses committed against other children is generally not

substantially outweighed by unfair prejudice, confusing the issues, misleading the

jury, undue delay, or needlessly presenting cumulative evidence); Buxton v. State,
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526 S.W.3d 666, 689 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2017, pet. ref’d) (affirming

trial court’s admission of evidence pursuant to Article 38.37 that defendant

committed extraneous bad acts against complainant’s sister); Belcher, 474 S.W.3d

at 847–48 (concluding trial court did not abuse its discretion by determining that the

probative values of the extraneous offense evidence was not substantially

outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice). We overrule issues three and four.

       In issue five, Authement argues the trial court abused its discretion by

admitting State’s Exhibit 26, a video recording of Debbie’s Garth House interview,

over his objection. Authement complains that the prejudicial effect of the

introduction of the video was overwhelming, the evidence was hearsay, the State

failed to lay a proper predicate for its admission, and its admission violated Article

38.071 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure and his constitutional rights to

confrontation of witnesses and due process.

      The record shows that after Authement chose to represent himself at trial, he

recalled Debbie to the stand and questioned her about why she did not tell the

authorities about any of the things other than the sexual acts that she had accused

him of. During its examination, the State asked Debbie if she remembered telling

the people at the Garth House that she saw Authement assault her brother and sought

to admit her Garth House video. Authement objected that the video was evidence

that should not be used, and when the trial court asked what his specific objection
                                         22
was under the Rules of Evidence, Authement objected that he had not seen the

evidence prior to trial and would like it dismissed.

         The trial court overruled Authement’s objection, and the State asked to

publish the video to the jury, arguing that during his direct examination, Authement

opened the door to the admission of the video by creating the false impression that

Debbie did not tell the interviewers everything at the Garth House. Regarding

Authement’s complaint that he had not viewed the video, the State explained that it

made the video available to defense counsel and the defendant, and Authement

argued his counsel had failed to show him the video. The trial court found that

Authement opened the door for its admissibility and allowed the jury to view the

video.

         Based on our review of the record, Authement’s objections at trial do not

comport with the arguments he makes on appeal. When an appellant’s trial objection

does not comport with his argument on appeal, the appellant has not preserved the

issue for our review. See Borne v. State, 593 S.W.3d 404, 412 (Tex. App.—

Beaumont 2020, no pet.) (citations omitted); see also Thomas v. State, 723 S.W.2d

696, 700 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). Since Authement’s complaints on appeal do not

comport with his objections at trial, we conclude that Authement has not preserved

any error. See Thomas, 723 S.W.2d at 700; Borne, 593 S.W.3d at 412. We overrule

                                         23
issue five. Having overruled each of Authement’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s

judgments in cause numbers 19-31321, 19-31325, and 19-31326.

      AFFIRMED.

                                                        W. SCOTT GOLEMON
                                                            Chief Justice

Submitted on August 29, 2023
Opinion Delivered October 18, 2023
Do Not Publish

Before Golemon, C.J., Horton and Wright, JJ.

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