Court Opinion

ID: 4450444
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-10-25 19:04:53.953023+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:50:53.355849
License: Public Domain

FOURTH DIVISION
                                 DOYLE, P. J.,
                             REESE and MARKLE, JJ.

                    NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                    physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                    days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                                http://www.gaappeals.us/rules

                                                                    October 23, 2019

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A19A1230. MCIVER v. OLIVER.                                                  DO-043

      DOYLE, Presiding Judge.

      In this interlocutory appeal, Claud Lee McIver III (“McIver”) challenges the

denial of his motion to dismiss a wrongful death lawsuit filed against him and Patricia

Diane Carter by Mary Margaret Oliver as the administrator of the estate of his

deceased wife, Diane Smith McIver (“Diane”). McIver, who already has been found

guilty of causing Diane’s death by felony murder,1 contends that the state court erred

by concluding that Oliver has standing to sue under the wrongful death statute

because the statute authorizes him, as the surviving spouse, to bring any wrongful

      1
        See OCGA § 16-5-1 (c) (“A person commits the offense of murder when, in
the commission of a felony, he or she causes the death of another human being
irrespective of malice.”).
death claim. For the reasons that follow, we vacate the order of the state court and

remand with direction to transfer the case to the superior court.

             On appeal, we conduct a de novo review of a trial court’s ruling
      on a motion to dismiss. Our role is to determine whether the allegations
      of the complaint, when construed in the light most favorable to the
      plaintiff, and with all doubts resolved in the plaintiff’s favor, disclose
      with certainty that the plaintiff would not be entitled to relief under any
      state of provable facts.2

      The relevant facts are not in dispute. The complaint alleges that McIver, Diane,

and Carter were returning to Atlanta from a weekend away at the McIvers’ family

farm in Putnam, Georgia. Carter was driving a vehicle owned by the McIvers, and

Diane rode in the front passenger seat, with McIver in the back seat behind her. As

they drove into downtown Atlanta, McIver asked Diane to retrieve his handgun from

the glove compartment, and she did so. Shortly thereafter, McIver suddenly and

unexpectedly discharged the weapon, shooting Diane through the seat and striking

her in the back. The complaint further alleges that instead of stopping and calling

      2
        (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Hendry v. Wells, 286 Ga. App. 774, 781
(2) (650 SE2d 338) (2007).

                                          2
911, McIver directed Carter to drive to the Emory Hospital emergency room. Carter

did so, and Diane died at Emory Hospital three hours later.

      Based on the shooting, McIver was indicted and found guilty by a jury of

felony murder of Diane. Acting as the administrator of Diane’s estate, Oliver filed

this wrongful death action in the State Court of DeKalb County against McIver and

Carter. The complaint alleges that McIver caused Diane’s death by negligently

discharging the firearm, and it alleges that Carter was negligent in her driving. Carter

and McIver moved to dismiss the complaint on different grounds, and the state court

granted Carter’s motion in part and denied McIver’s motion. Relevant to this appeal,

the state court denied McIver’s motion on two grounds: (i) Georgia’s “Slayer

Statute,” OCGA § 53-1-5, treats McIver as though he has predeceased Diane for

purposes of distributing her property and appointing personal representatives, and (ii)

McIver cannot sue himself, so OCGA § 51-4-5(a) authorizes Oliver to bring the claim

for the benefit of Diane’s next of kin. The state court issued a certificate of immediate

review of its denial of McIver’s motion, and this Court granted McIver’s application

for interlocutory appeal.3

      3
          Carter is not a party to this appeal.

                                             3
      1. McIver contends that the state court erred by concluding that Oliver has

standing to bring this claim on the ground that the wrongful death statute gives him

(and not any other party) the right to bring a wrongful death claim based on the death

of his spouse. We disagree.

      Our statutory analysis is guided by the following principles:

      A statute draws its meaning, of course, from its text. Under our
      well-established rules of statutory construction, we presume that the
      General Assembly meant what it said and said what it meant. To that
      end, we must afford the statutory text its “plain and ordinary meaning,”
      we must view the statutory text in the context in which it appears, and
      we must read the statutory text in its most natural and reasonable way,
      as an ordinary speaker of the English language would. Though we may
      review the text of the provision in question and its context within the
      larger legal framework to discern the intent of the legislature in enacting
      it, where the statutory text is clear and unambiguous, we attribute to the
      statute its plain meaning, and our search for statutory meaning ends.4

      4
      (Citations and punctuation omitted; emphasis omitted.) Patton v. Vanterpool,
302 Ga. 253, 254 (806 SE2d 493) (2017), quoting Deal v. Coleman, 294 Ga. 170,
172-173 (751 SE2d 337) (2013).

                                          4
      “The right to file a claim for wrongful death did not exist at common law; it is

entirely a legislative creation and is authorized in Georgia by the Wrongful Death

Act, OCGA § 51-4-1 et seq.”5 Georgia courts have described the statute in this way:

      The aim of these [wrongful death] statutes is to strike at the evil of the
      negligent destruction of human life, by imposing liability upon those
      who are responsible either directly through themselves or indirectly
      through their employees for homicides. It is not beyond the power of the
      legislature to attempt to preserve human life by making homicide
      expensive. “By making homicide expensive,” the person who causes the
      wrongful death of another is forced to suffer a monetary “penalty to go
      to the person who is authorized to sue for the negligent homicide.”6

      Despite this context, McIver argues that he (and therefore not Oliver) is entitled

to bring a wrongful death claim, relying on OCGA § 51-4-2 (a). That Code section

provides: “The surviving spouse or, if there is no surviving spouse, a child or

children, either minor or sui juris, may recover for the homicide of the spouse or

parent the full value of the life of the decedent, as shown by the evidence.” Based on

      5
          Carringer v. Rodgers, 276 Ga. 359, 362 (578 SE2d 841) (2003).
      6
        (Citation, punctuation, and emphasis omitted.) Belluso v. Tant, 258 Ga. App.
453, 454 (574 SE2d 595) (2002), quoting Western & Atlantic R. Co. v. Michael, 175
Ga. 1, 13 (165 SE 37) (1932).

                                          5
this language alone, McIver argues that because he is Diane’s surviving spouse, he

retains the authority to bring a wrongful death claim for her death.

      But this ignores the fact that McIver himself caused Diane’s death, and

“[a]lthough the law contemplates that there should be a right of recovery, it does not

authorize a surviving spouse to benefit from his own wrong.”7 Well-settled Georgia

law holds that “[a] person cannot sue himself; the same person cannot be both

plaintiff and defendant in the same action, even in different capacities.”8 Such a suit

is “void from its inception;”9 accordingly, the law does not authorize McIver to sue

himself for wrongful death as the surviving spouse of Diane, whom he feloniously

killed. In other words, “the question is not the plain language of the statute[,] which

orders a recovery for the surviving spouse, but whether [McIver] should be deemed

      7
          Belluso, 258 Ga. App. at 456.
      8
        Connell v. Murray, 205 Ga. App. 702, 703 (423 SE2d 304) (1992), citing
Perdue v. McKenzie, 194 Ga. 356, 364 (2) (21 SE2d 705) (1942); Langford v.
Johnson, 46 Ga. App. 444 (3) (167 SE 779) (1933). See also Belluso, 258 Ga. App.
at 455 (stating that a suit against oneself is “a legal impossibility”).
      9
          Connell, 205 Ga. App. at 703.

                                          6
a surviving spouse so as to hold the right of action for the wrongful death. And the

answer to this question must be ‘no.’”10

      In light of this, we turn to OCGA § 51-4-5 (a) which provides: “When there is

no person entitled to bring an action for the wrongful death of a decedent under Code

Section 51-4-2 [death of spouse or parent] or 51-4-4 [death of child], the

administrator or executor of the decedent may bring an action for and may recover

and hold the amount recovered for the benefit of the next of kin.” It is undisputed that

Diane has no children, and as explained above, McIver is not “entitled to bring an

action for the wrongful death of” Diane. Accordingly, OCGA § 51-4-5 (a) authorizes

Oliver, as the administrator of Diane’s estate, to bring this action.

      Moreover, with respect to the fact that Carter also was named as a defendant,

the Supreme Court of Georgia has stated that “[i]t is . . . plain that the legislature did

not intend that a murdering spouse financially benefit from the murder by possessing

the ability to pursue the right of action for the victim’s death against any other parties

      10
           Carringer, 276 Ga. at 364.

                                            7
potentially liable for the homicide.”11 We see no reason to depart from this rule under

the facts of this case.

       We note that Oliver filed this action in the State Court of DeKalb County,

which lacks equity jurisdiction. In cases similar to this one, Georgia appellate courts

have characterized our analysis as a direction to the trial court to exercise its equitable

power.12 The remedy and legal determinations sought by Oliver did not invoke

equitable jurisdiction initially, but in light of the equitable nature of the issues

implicated by McIver’s motion to dismiss, we vacate the state court’s order and

remand the case with direction to transfer the case to superior court.13

       11
         (Emphasis supplied.) Id. at 364, citing OCGA §§ 53-1-5 (forfeiture of
benefits of inheritance) & 33-25-13 (forfeiture of insurance proceeds).
       12
         See, e.g., Belluso, 258 Ga. App. at 455 (“[I]t is within the equitable powers
of the superior court to permit the prosecution of the wrongful death action by a
parent when the surviving spouse is the alleged wrongdoer.”); Brown v. Liberty Oil
& Refining Corp., 261 Ga. 214, 216 (2) (b) (403 SE2d 806) (1991) (“[T]he factual
circumstances of this case demand the exercise of [equitable] powers to preserve the
rights of the minor children,” because the surviving spouse had abandoned the
children and would not bring a claim on their behalf). Compare Abraham v. Black,
346 Ga. App. 229, 231-232 (816 SE2d 351) (2018) (physical precedent only)
(affirming a state court’s determination at law based on the application of the child
abandonment statute, OCGA § 19-7-1 (b) (3), as opposed to an equitable
determination).
       13
       See Blackmon v. Tenet Healthsystem Spalding, Inc., 284 Ga. 369, 371 (667
SE2d 348) (2008) (vacating the state court’s order and remanding with direction to

                                            8
      Judgment vacated; case remanded with direction. Reese and Markle, JJ.,

concur.

transfer the case to superior court); Laster v. Nat. Collegiate Student Loan Trust
2005-3, 328 Ga. App. 542, 542 (762 SE2d 430) (2014) (“The manifest purpose of
[the Georgia Constitution’s direction to transfer to the proper court] is to prevent
parties from being penalized when their attorneys . . . make a mistake regarding the
complex, highly technical rules that govern jurisdiction and venue and inadvertently
file a case in the wrong court. This case fits that description to a tee.”) (punctuation
omitted).

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