Court Opinion

ID: 4295562
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-07-19 07:11:04.373451+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:25:39.261341
License: Public Domain

SECOND DIVISION
                               MILLER, P. J.,
                          ANDREWS and BROWN, JJ.

                   NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                   physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                   days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                               http://www.gaappeals.us/rules

                                                                      July 13, 2018

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A18A0883. DEMARCO et al. v. STATE FARM MUTUAL
     AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY.

      BROWN, Judge.

      Patricia DeMarco, individually, and as administrator of the estate of Philip

DeMarco, deceased, filed a complaint against State Farm Mutual Automobile

Insurance Company (“State Farm”) seeking enforcement of a settlement agreement.

She appeals from the superior court’s order granting summary judgment in favor of

State Farm, contending that genuine issues of material fact exist with regard to (1)

whether she unreasonably delayed performing her obligations under the settlement

agreement and (2) whether she retracted an alleged anticipatory repudiation of the

settlement agreement. For the reasons explained below, we disagree and affirm.
      “[I]n reviewing the trial court’s order on both a motion to enforce a settlement

agreement and a motion for summary judgment, we apply a de novo standard of

review and, thus, view the evidence in a light most favorable to the nonmoving

party.” (Footnotes omitted.) Sherman v. Dickey, 322 Ga. App. 228, 231 (1) (744 SE2d

408) (2013). The record in this case contains limited information about the two

underlying liability lawsuits that are related to the petition to enforce a settlement at

issue in this appeal. It shows that on July 29, 2007, Philip DeMarco was injured when

his vehicle was struck by a car that knocked his vehicle into another lane of traffic,

where it was struck again by a different vehicle driven by Jacob Pittman. In March

2008, Philip DeMarco and his wife, Patricia DeMarco, filed a complaint against

Pittman and Jackie Kimbrell, the owner of the car driven by Pittman. The complaint

alleged that Kimbrell was liable based upon a theory of negligent entrustment.

      That same month, State Farm tendered its policy limits of $25,000, provided

the DeMarcos agreed to release all of their claims against both Kimbrell and Pittman.

In June 2008, a different insurance carrier similarly tendered its policy limits of

$25,000 “in release of all claims.” The record before us does not include all of the

court records from the 2008 lawsuit. From what we can determine, it appears there

was some dispute between the parties about the existence of a settlement before April

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2010.1 An April 21, 2010 order granting Pittman and Kimbrell’s motion for summary

judgment “as to the liability of the defendants” references a pending motion in the

alternative to enforce a settlement agreement filed by the defendants . The trial court

did not rule upon the motion to enforce a settlement agreement.

      For reasons we cannot determine from the record before us,2 Mrs. DeMarco’s

attorney believed the case could be tried in late 2010, and wrote a letter to both

insurance carriers accepting their respective $25,000 offers that had been made in

2008, if they were “still on the table.” On November 23, 2010, counsel for State Farm

wrote the following letter:

             We are enclosing the following:

             1)     Check number 127705856J in the amount of $25,000.00
                    made payable to Mr. and Mrs. Demarco and your firm; and,

             2)     Full Release and Notice to Claimants.

             The enclosed settlement funds are being delivered to you in trust pending
      full and complete execution of the enclosed Full Release and Notice to
      Claimants. Please do not disburse any settlement funds until the enclosed

      1
        A September 2010 letter from Mrs. DeMarco’s attorney states that the 2008
offers were rejected “because the Release provided for a release of all claims.”
      2
        Without the entire record, we cannot determine if the trial court entertained
and granted a motion for reconsideration of its grant of summary judgment in favor
of Pittman and Kimbrell.

                                          3
      Release has been signed and returned to me. Please let me know if you have
      any questions or concerns.
                                      ...

            P. S. The enclosed check is the old check we sent back and forth
      several years ago. Although the check is dated 2/14/08, it remains
      negotiable.

The check was made payable to “Philip DeMarco & Patty DeMarco, individually and

as husband and wife & . . . their attorney.” The release had signature lines for both

of the DeMarcos.

      The DeMarcos did not execute the release or cash the check before Mr.

DeMarco died on April 13, 2011, approximately five months later. According to a

letter from her attorney, Mrs. DeMarco “had an extremely rough time” after her

husband died. On October 13, 2011, Mrs. DeMarco filed a second lawsuit against

Pittman and Kimbrell that raised a claim of wrongful death. Over one year later, on

December 17, 2012, she voluntarily dismissed it without prejudice.3

      On March 25, 2014, Mrs. DeMarco’s attorney, who has represented her from

the time of the 2008 lawsuit up to and including this appeal, wrote State Farm’s

counsel, requesting that it reissue the $25,000 settlement check, and enclosing the

      3
       These are the only two pleadings from this lawsuit in the record before us. We
have no other information about what transpired during the 14 months this lawsuit
was pending in the trial court.

                                         4
original settlement check. Counsel did not mention or enclose the release State Farm

had requested over three years before, and at no time has a signed release been

returned to State Farm.

      On March 21, 2016, Mrs. DeMarco filed a complaint seeking to enforce the

settlement based upon State Farm’s refusal to issue a new settlement check. State

Farm moved for summary judgment based upon the failure of Mrs. DeMarco to

perform her obligations under the settlement agreement within a reasonable time (i.e.

by returning the release and negotiating the check) and her anticipatory repudiation

of the settlement by filing a second complaint against Pittman and Kimbrell. In her

response brief, Mrs. DeMarco alleged that when she “recovered sufficiently to leave

her home” after her husband’s death, “she went to deposit the check, only to find it

no longer negotiable.”4 She did not, however, submit an affidavit to support this

factual allegation. She contended, nevertheless, that the issue of whether she

attempted to perform the contract within a reasonable period of time “is an issue of

material fact for the . . . jury” and that she retracted any anticipatory repudiation of

      4
         The brief contains no allegation as to when Mrs. DeMarco allegedly
attempted to negotiate the check. Moreover, we cannot determine from the bare
allegations in her brief whether the second lawsuit was filed after Mrs. DeMarco’s
alleged failed attempt to negotiate the check.

                                           5
the settlement agreement by voluntarily dismissing her wrongful death complaint.

After hearing oral argument, the trial court granted State Farm’s motion for summary

judgment in a one-sentence order.

      1. Mrs. DeMarco asserts that when a contract specifies no time for

performance, it is presumed that performance must be had within a reasonable time,

and that “[w]hat is a reasonable time is a question of fact in each case, to be decided

by a jury.” We disagree with the contention that, in this particular case, a jury must

determine whether Mrs. DeMarco performed within a reasonable time.

      As a preliminary matter, we note that State Farm agrees that it reached a

settlement with Mrs. DeMarco in 2010. See generally Tillman v. Mejabi, 331 Ga.

App. 415, 417-418 (771 SE2d 110) (2015) (outlining law regarding acceptance of

settlement offers and creation of binding settlement agreement). We are therefore, not

deciding whether an enforceable settlement agreement was reached, but rather

whether Mrs. DeMarco’s subsequent conduct precludes her from enforcing it.

      OCGA § 13-4-20 provides: “Performance, to be effectual, must be

accomplished by the party bound to perform . . . and must be substantially in

compliance with the spirit and the letter of the contract and completed within a

reasonable time.” While “it is the general rule that what is a reasonable time, under

                                          6
the circumstances attending the transaction, is a matter for determination by a jury,”

courts are authorized to determine that a delay in a party’s performance is

unreasonable as a matter of law. Ferguson v. Bank of Dawson, 57 Ga. App. 639, 640

(196 SE2d 195) (1938). For example, in Ferguson, we concluded that a tender of

stock six and a half months “after the contract of sale was executed” was “an

unreasonable time [of performance] as a matter of law.” Id. See also Grier v.

Brogdon, 234 Ga. App. 79 (1) (505 SE2d 512) (1998) (failure to obtain financing to

purchase land within seven and a half years “was unreasonable as a matter of law”).

      In this case, the record shows that Mrs. DeMarco did not make a demand for

a replacement check until over three years had passed and that she has yet to execute

and return the requested release. Under these particular facts and circumstances, the

record shows that Mrs. DeMarco failed to perform within a reasonable period of time

as a matter of law. “A party seeking specific performance of a contract must show

substantial compliance with his part of the agreement in order to be entitled to a

decree.” (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Krieger v. Bonds, 333 Ga. App. 19, 27

(1) (775 SE2d 264) (2015). Likewise, “[a] person who seeks recovery under an

alleged executed contract must show performance on his part or that his

nonperformance was caused by the act or fault of the opposite party.” (Citation and

                                          7
punctuation omitted.) Clark’s Super Gas v. Tri-State Systems, 129 Ga. App. 650, 651

(200 SE2d 472) (1973). In this case, Mrs. DeMarco not only failed to perform within

a reasonable time, but she also filed an additional lawsuit that deprived State Farm

of the benefit of its bargain to settle. Cf. Ga. 20 Properties v. Tanner, 255 Ga. App.

6, 11 (3) (564 SE2d 459) (2002) (“law cannot allow events which occurred

subsequent to the time the contract was executed to deprive the purchaser of the

benefit of his bargain”). Accordingly, the trial court did not err by granting summary

judgment in favor of State Farm.5

      2. Our holding in Division 1 renders moot the remaining enumeration of error

on appeal.

      Judgment affirmed. Miller, P. J., and Andrews, J., concur.

      5
       In so holding, we recognize that “[c]ompromises of doubtful rights are upheld
by general policy, as tending to prevent litigation.” Herring v. Dunning, 213 Ga. App.
695, 696 (446 SE2d 199) (1994). But again, the issue in this case is not whether a
settlement agreement was created, but rather the effect of Mrs. DeMarco’s failure to
perform her obligations under the settlement agreement within a reasonable time.

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