Court Opinion

ID: 4616821
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-21 02:35:17.062562+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:59:48.865902
License: Public Domain

PECK & PECK (NEW YORK), PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.  THE PECK-PECK CORPORATION, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.Peck & Peck v. CommissionerDocket Nos. 99288, 99314.United States Board of Tax Appeals42 B.T.A. 651; 1940 BTA LEXIS 971; August 29, 1940, Promulgated *971  1.  REORGANIZATION. - The transfer by a parent of some stock of its wholly owned subsidiary to the subsidiary in exchange for some stock of the parent and cash, all of which stock was then retired, constituted a statutory reorganization within section 112(g)(1) of the Revenue Act of 1934.  2.  NONRECOGNITION. - The gain to the parent was recognized only to the extent of the cash under section 112(b)(3) and (c)(1) since those provisions cover the receipt by the taxpayer corporation of its own stock.  Andrew B. Trudgian, Esq., and Milton P. Kupfer, Esq., for the petitioner.  Leonard A. Spalding, Jr., Esq., for the respondent.  MURDOCK *651  The Commissioner determined the following deficiencies for 1934: Income taxExcess profits taxPeck & Peck (New York)$2,438.81$418.09The Peck-Peck Corporation (Delaware)5.21The issue in the case of Peck & Peck is whether it is taxable with a profit of $17,656.32 from the exchange of 176 shares of the Peck-Peck Corporation stock for 326 shares of its own stock and $2,106.90 in cash.  The Peck-Peck Corporation has waived all errors assigned by it, but the Commissioner has*972  raised an affirmative issue in that case, alleging that he erred in allowing a capital loss of $2,000 from the disposition of the 326 shares of Pack & Peck stock.  The parties have filed a stipulation, which the Board hereby adopts as a part of its findings of fact.  The Board finds the following additional facts: The changes made as stipulated were made as a part of a single plan for the purpose of readjusting the capital of the two corporations by eliminating the debt due from the estate of George F. Peck without the subsidiary retaining any of the stock of the parent.  Each corporation was to retire the shares of its own stock acquired in the exchange.  The Peck & Peck stock was the only asset with which the *652  George F. Peck estate could discharge its debt to the Peck-Peck Corporation.  The Commissioner, in determining the deficiency against the Peck-Peck Corporation, decreased the income shown on the return by $2,000 to represent the allowable portion of a loss of $17,656.32 from the disposition of 326 shares of Peck & Peck stock.  OPINION.  MURDOCK: Peck & Peck, the parent, owned all of the 1,000 outstanding shares of its subsidiary, the Peck-Peck Corporation. *973  The estate of George F. Peck was indebted to the subsidiary in the amount of $111,458.09 and owned stock of the parent.  The stock was the only asset from which it could pay the debt.  The attorney for the corporations put in effect a plan whereby the amount of the debt would be eliminated from the working capital of the corporations.  The estate transferred 326 shares of parent stock to the subsidiary in cancellation of the debt and received $206.69 in cash, being the excess of the fair market value of the shares over the amount of the debt.  The subsidiary then transferred the 326 shares of parent stock and $2,106.90 in cash to the parent in exchange for 176 shares of subsidiary stock.  The cash was equal to the difference in the fair market values of the two blocks of stock.  The parent then decreased its capital by the 326 shares and the subsidiary decreased its capital by the 176 shares.  All of the foregoing steps were part of a single plan to eliminate the amount of the debt from the working capital of the two corporations.  The parent still owned all of the outstanding stock of the subsidiary, now 824 shares.  The debt due the subsidiary was canceled.  The outstanding capital*974  stock of the parent consisted of 1,674 shares after the retirement of the 326 shares.  The Commissioner in determining the deficiencies against the parent held that it realized a profit of $17,656.32 from the exchange of the subsidiary stock for its own stock.  The profit was the difference between its basis for gain on the subsidiary stock and the fair market value of its own stock plus the cash received.  The Commissioner contends that the 176 shares were disposed of by the parent in a partial liquidation of the subsidiary and the gain of the parent is taxable under section 115(i) and (c) of the Revenue Act of 1934.  The petitioners do not dispute the amount of the gain or the fact that a gain was realized from the exchange.  They also concede that there was a partial liquidation of both corporations but they point out, inter alia, that the gain to a distributee from a partial liquidation is recognized only to the extent provided in section 112.  They argue that the transactions between them constituted a reorganization *653  within section 112(g)(1)(C), (D) and (E), 1 since there was a transfer by the parent of a part of its assets (176 shares of subsidiary stock) *975  to another corporation, the subsidiary, and immediately afterwards the transferor was in control of the transferee, since there was a recapitalization of the subsidiary, and since there was a mere change in form.  They then conclude that the provisions of section 112(b)(3) and (c)(1) apply and the gain is recognized only to the extent of the cash received.  The respondent maintains that there was no reorganization within section 112(g)(1)(C), and (b)(3) and (c)(1) of section 112 do not apply.  He says that section 112(g)(1)(C) does not cover a transaction where the transferor was in control of the transferee both before and after the transfer, but includes only*976  transactions in which control was acquired by the transfer.  He cites no authority for this proposition and we know of none.  The definition contains no such restriction and none need be implied to carry out the intent of Congress.  If corporation A transferred 25 percent of its assets to corporation B in exchange for all of B's stock, clearly there would be a reorganization within section 112(g)(1)(C).  If, thereafter, A transferred 33 1/3 percent of its remaining assets to B and continued in control of B, there would be no material difference between the two transfers so far as the words or purpose of section 112(g)(1)(C) are concerned.  The transactions involved herein were carried out for a real business purpose as opposed to any exogenous or tax avoidance purpose, so that cases like , do not apply.  We conclude that there was a statutory reorganization, to which both the parent and subsidiary were parties.  The Commissioner argues that, in any event, the petitioner's gain does not escape recognition because of the provisions of section 112(b)(3) and (c)(1), 2 since the subsection was intended to cover a *654  situation*977  were a reorganization involves more than two corporations and does not cover a transfer of assets by a corporation in exchange for its own stock.  He would apply section 115(c).  This same argument was made by the Commissioner and was rejected in ; affd., . There only two corporations were parties to the reorganization.  The parent exchanged stock which it owned in the subsidiary for its own stock and the Board and the court held that the gain was not recognized because of section 112(b)(3).  See also ; . We follow those decisions and reach the conclusion here that the gain is taxable only to the extent of the cash.  *978 The petitioners make a further argument that, since the parent exchanged subsidiary shares for its own stock, which stock was to be and was retired, the parent was merely liquidating partially and realized no gain from the distribution of its assets in kind.  Regulations 86, art. 22(a)-21.  Our holdings above makes unnecessary the consideration of this argument except as it may apply to the cash received by the parent.  Clearly, the receipt of cash by the parent was not a distribution of its assets in kind.  The question of gain or loss to a corporation from the acquisition and disposition of its own shares is a difficult one (; ), but the cash was received by the parent not for its own shares but for shares of its subsidiary.  It has not shown by facts or argument that the cash was not taxable gain.  The Commissioner has shown that he erred in allowing the Peck-Peck Corporation a deduction of $2,000 upon the transactions discussed herein.  The petitioners make no argument to the contrary.  Decision will be entered under Rule 50.Footnotes1. SEC. 112.  RECOGNITION OF GAIN OR LOSS.  * * * (g) DEFINITION OF REORGANIZATION. - As used in this section and section 113 - (1) The term "reorganization" means * * * (C) a transfer by a corporation of all or a part of its assets to another corporation if immediately after the transfer the transferor or its stockholders or both are in control of the corporation to which the assets are transferred, or (D) a recapitalization, or (E) a mere change in identity, form, or place of organization, however effected. ↩2. SEC. 112.  RECOGNITION OF GAIN OR LOSS.  * * * (b) EXCHANGES SOLELY IN KIND. - (3) STOCK FOR STOCK ON REORGANIZATION. - No gain or loss shall be recognized if stock or securities in a corporation a party to a reorganization are, in pursuance of the plan of reorganization, exchanged solely for stock or securities in such corporation or in another corporation a party to the reorganization.  (c) GAIN FROM EXCHANGES NOT SOLELY IN KIND. - (1) If an exchange would be within the provisions of subsection (b) (1), (2), (3), or (5) of this section if it were not for the fact that the property received in exchange consists not only of property permitted by such paragraph to be received without the recognition of gain, but also of other property or money, then the gain, if any, to the recipient shall be recognized, but in an amount not in excess of the sum of such money and the fair market value of such other property. ↩