Court Opinion

ID: 2831288
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-08-27 02:58:22.420324+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:31:42.191137
License: Public Domain

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                        UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT
                           EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                                 TYLER DIVISION

In re: DELTA PETROLEUM                             §   Chapter 11
CORPORATION, et al.,                               §   Lead Case No. 11-14006
                                                   §   United States Bankruptcy Court
                     Debtors.                      §   District of Delaware

CASTLE TEXAS PRODUCTION L.P.,                      §
                                                   §
                     Plaintiff,                    §       ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
       Vs.                                         §
                                                   §              NO. 6:12-AP-6028
THE LONG TRUSTS,                                   §
                                                   §
                     Defendants.                   §

                          MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
                     REMAND TO THE TEXAS SUPREME COURT

NO HEARING WILL BE CONDUCTED ON THIS MOTION UNLESS A WRITTEN
OBJECTION IS FILED WITH THE CLERK OF THE UNITED STATES
BANKRUPTCY COURT AND SERVED UPON THE PARTY FILING THIS PLEADING
WITHIN FOURTEEN (14) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF SERVICE UNLESS THE
COURT SHORTENS OR EXTENDS THE TIME FOR FILING SUCH OBJECTION. IF
NO OBJECTION IS TIMELY SERVED AND FILED, THIS APPLICATION SHALL BE
DEEMED TO BE UNOPPOSED, AND THE COURT MAY ENTER AN ORDER
GRANTING THE RELIEF SOUGHT. IF AN OBJECTION IS FILED AND SERVED IN
A TIMELY MANNER, THE COURTS WILL THEREAFTER SET A HEARING
UNLESS IT DETERMINES THAT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING IS NOT REQUIRED
AND THAT THE COURT’S DECISION WOULD NOT BE SIGNIFICANTLY AIDED
BY ORAL ARGUMENT. IF YOU FAIL TO APPEAR AT ANY SCHEDULED
HEARING, YOUR OBJECTION MAY BE STRICKEN. THE COURT RESERVES THE
RIGHT TO SET A HEARING ON ANY MATTER.

TO THE HONORABLE BILL PARKER, UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY JUDGE:

       Larry T. Long, L. Allan Long, and B. Virginia Long, in their capacities as Trustees of the

Lawrence Allan Long Trust, the Charles Edward Long Trust, the Larry Thomas Long Trust, and

the John Stephen Long Trust d/b/a the Long Trusts (“Long Trusts”) file this Motion to Abstain
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and Remand to the Texas Supreme Court in response to the Notice of Removal (ECF No. 1; filed

11/29/2012) by John T. Young, Jr., in his capacity as trustee (“Recovery Trustee”) of the Delta

Petroleum General Recovery Trust (the “Recovery Trust”).

       1.     This case is on appeal to the Texas Supreme Court, which had granted review in

August 2012. The Recovery Trustee removed this case from the Texas Supreme Court less than

a week before it was set for oral argument. This Court should remand:

       a.     No authority supports removal of a case such as this while on appeal;

       b.     Abstention is mandatory under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(2);

       c.     Under Rooker-Feldman, federal courts are precluded from exercising appellate
              jurisdiction over final state court judgments – the Delaware bankruptcy court
              cannot sit in review of the Texas state-court judgment in this case;

       d.     Because the only issues involved in this case are questions of state law, which do
              not stem from Castle’s bankruptcy or depend on bankruptcy law, Article I
              bankruptcy courts lack constitutional authority to enter final judgment in this
              matter under Stern v. Marshall;

       e.     The Recovery Trustee’s removal nearly a year after Castle filed for bankruptcy
              protection is untimely;

       f.     Even if abstention were not mandatory and this Court (or the Delaware
              bankruptcy court) could act in an appellate capacity, this Court should abstain on
              permissive grounds and remand:

              •      After filing for bankruptcy protection, Castle affirmatively invoked the
                     Texas Supreme Court’s jurisdiction and requested that it proceed with the
                     appeal;

              •      The Recovery Trustee waited more than eleven months after Castle’s
                     bankruptcy, and more than three months after the Texas Supreme Court
                     granted the Long Trusts’ petition for review and set oral argument, before
                     filing its notice of removal;

              •      Because this case was pending in the Texas Supreme Court, this Court
                     should remand in the interests of comity and respect for state law.

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
REMAND TO TEXAS SUPREME COURT—PAGE 2
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                                                          BACKGROUND

            2.          This case was filed in 1996. In the last seventeen years, this case has been before

a Texas state trial court twice,1 a Texas state court of appeals twice,2 and—at the time of

removal—was before the Texas Supreme Court.3 The case has also been the subject of two

mandamus proceedings before a Texas state court of appeals.4 An abbreviated summary of this

substantial procedural history is necessary context for this Motion to Remand.

            3.          In 1996, the Long Trusts and Castle Texas Production L.P. (“Castle” or “Debtor”)

sued one another in Texas state court asserting state-law claims only. In September 2001, a state

trial court signed its first judgment awarding damages to each side. Both sides appealed.

            4.          In 2003, a Texas state court of appeals severed the Long Trusts’ and Castle’s

claims from each other. Castle Tex. Prod. Ltd. P’ship v. The Long Trusts, 134 S.W.3d 267, 289

(Tex. App.—Tyler 2003, pet. denied). As to Castle’s claims—which are the only claims at issue

in this case—the court of appeals suggested and received remittiturs on the damages and

attorneys’ fee awards, reformed the judgment and affirmed as to those two awards and remanded

Castle’s cause to the trial court for further proceedings to recalculate the amount, if any, of

prejudgment interest. Id. at 288-89. In a subsequent opinion clarifying its mandate, the court of

appeals held the two severed cases could not be reconsolidated. Castle Texas Prod. Ltd. P’ship

v. The Long Trusts, 161 S.W.2d 673, 675 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2005, no pet.).

                                                 
1
  4th Judicial District Court, Rusk County, Texas, Cause No. 96-123; and after severance from the Long Trusts’
claims after the first appeal, Cause No. 96-123A in the same trial court.
2
  See Castle Tex. Prod. Ltd. P’ship v. The Long Trusts, 134 S.W.3d 267 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2003, pet. denied); Long
v. Castle Tex. Prod. Ltd. P’ship, 330 S.W.3d 749 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2010, pet. granted).
3
    The Long Trusts v. Castle Tex. Prod. Ltd. P’ship, No. 11-0161 (petition for review granted Aug. 17, 2012).
4
 See In re Castle Tex. Prod. Ltd. P’ship, 189 S.W.3d 400 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2006, orig. proceeding); In re Castle
Tex. Prod. Ltd. P’ship, 157 S.W.3d 524 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2005, orig. proceeding).

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
REMAND TO TEXAS SUPREME COURT—PAGE 3
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            5.          From 2004 through 2009, the case was pending in the trial court. Castle refused

to try its prejudgment interest claim – twice filing petitions for writs of prohibition to prevent the

trial of that claim – and, in 2009, Castle abandoned that claim. The trial court rendered a final

judgment—but that judgment purported to compute postjudgment interest from the date of the

original judgment more than seven years earlier. The Long Trusts appealed.

            6.         In 2010, a Texas state court of appeals affirmed that second judgment. Long v.

Castle Tex. Prod. Ltd. P’ship, 330 S.W.3d 749, 751 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2010, pet. granted). The

Long Trusts timely filed a petition for review with the Texas Supreme Court in May 2011. In

October 2011, the Texas Supreme Court requested the parties to brief the merits.

           7.           While the parties were briefing the merits before the Texas Supreme Court, on

December 16, 2011, Castle filed a voluntary petition for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 in the

United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware—Case No. 11-14012 (later

consolidated with related debtors under Lead Case No. 11-14006).                       Shortly thereafter—on

December 21, 2011—Castle filed a Notice of Bankruptcy with the Texas Supreme Court, and a

Motion to Reinstate Case that requested the Texas Supreme Court to reinstate the case and

continue its review.5 The parties thereafter completed merits briefing.

            8.          On August 17, 2012, the Texas Supreme Court granted the Long Trusts’ Petition

for review and, at the same time, granted Castle’s Motion to Reinstate Case. The Texas Supreme

Court set the case for oral argument on December 6, 2012 at 9:00 a.m.

                                                 
5
  Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 8 addresses “Bankruptcy in Civil Cases.” Rule 8.2 provides that a party’s
bankruptcy suspends the appeal “until the appellate court reinstates or severs the appeal.” Rule 8.3 permits a
“Motion to Reinstate” and provides that “if a case has been suspended by a bankruptcy filing, a party may move that
the appellate court reinstate the appeal if permitted by federal law or the bankruptcy court.” In its Motion to
Reinstate, Castle argued that “because this proceeding is not an action against the debtor (Castle) within the
language of 11 U.S.C. § 362, the automatic stay does not apply to this proceeding. Accordingly, pursuant to Rule
8.3(a), reinstatement is permitted by federal law.”

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
REMAND TO TEXAS SUPREME COURT—PAGE 4
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           9.           The only issue left in this case is a pure question of Texas state law: When a court

of appeals reverses a judgment but remands the cause because it cannot render judgment in light

of unresolved fact issues essential to recovery of prejudgment interest, does postjudgment

interest run from the date of the judgment rendered after remand or from the date of the original

trial court judgment.

            10.         Confusingly, the Recovery Trustee writes: “Presently, the Long Trusts’ original

Petition, filed in April 1996, remains pending in the District Court. The Long Trusts’ entire case

must be retried, including the original issue of liability.” (Notice of Removal at ¶ 17.) The

reference is to the separate case (consisting of the Long Trusts’ claims against Castle) under

separate Cause No. 96-123.6 (See Notice of Removal, Exhibit 1.) This case (in which Castle has

obtained a judgment against the Long Trusts) was severed and assigned a new number – Cause

No. 96-123A.               (See Notice of Removal, Exhibit 2.)            Contrary to the Recovery Trustee’s

suggestion, nothing remains to be tried in this case; the appeal concerns a pure question of Texas

state law. Thus, the Recovery Trustee apparently seeks to have a Delaware bankruptcy court sit

in review of a Texas state court of appeals judgment on a novel question of Texas law—the

review of which already had been granted by the Texas Supreme Court. No authorities suggest

this is permissible. This Court should abstain and remand this case to the Texas Supreme Court

to decide this novel and important issue of state law.

                                                           ARGUMENT

A.          Mandatory Abstention Applies—Requires Remand to Texas Supreme Court

           28 U.S.C. § 1334 creates a jurisdictional rule of mandatory abstention in certain cases:

                                                 
6
 The Recovery Trustee also removed Cause No. 96-123 to this Court, where it has been assigned Cause No. 6:12-
AP-6029.

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
REMAND TO TEXAS SUPREME COURT—PAGE 5
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       Upon timely motion of a party in a proceeding based upon a State law claim or
       State law cause of action, related to a case under title 11 but not arising under title
       11 or arising in a case under title 11, with respect to which an action could not
       have been commenced in a court of the United States absent jurisdiction under
       this section, the district court shall abstain from hearing such proceeding if an
       action is commenced, and can be timely adjudicated, in a State forum of
       appropriate jurisdiction.

28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(2). “Accordingly, under this statute, courts must abstain from hearing a

state law claim if the following requirements are met: (1) a motion has been timely filed

requesting abstention; (2) the cause of action is essentially one that is premised on state law; (3)

the claim is a non-core proceeding, i.e., it is ‘related to’ a case under title 11 but does not arise

under or in a case under title 11; (4) the proceeding could not otherwise have been commenced

in federal court absent federal jurisdiction under § 1334(b); (5) an action has been commenced in

state court; and (6) the action could be adjudicated timely in state court.” J.T. Thorpe Co. v. Am.

Motorists, No. H-02-4598, 2003 WL 23323005, at *2 (S.D. Tex. June 9, 2003) (emphasis added)

(citing Schuster v. Mims (In re Rupp & Bowman Co.), 109 F.3d 237, 239 (5th Cir. 1997)); see

also Thomson v. Able Supply Co., 179 F. Supp. 2d 693, 696 (W.D. Tex. 2002) (applying factors

to find mandatory abstention required).

       “[M]andatory abstention, if met, requires a district court to remand the case to state

court.” WRT Creditors Liquidation Trust v. C.I.B.C. Oppenheimer Corp., 75 F. Supp. 2d 595,

613 (S.D. Tex. 1999); see also J.T. Thorpe Co., 2003 WL 23323005 at *5 (“Accordingly, the

Court finds that remand is the proper course of action when it must abstain from hearing an

action that was removed from state court.”). Abstention is mandatory in this case.

       1.      Motion for Abstention Timely Filed

       For mandatory abstention, “a party acts in a timely fashion when he or she moves as soon

as possible after he or she should have learned the grounds for such a motion.” J.T. Thorpe Co.,

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
REMAND TO TEXAS SUPREME COURT—PAGE 6
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2003 WL 23323005 at *4 (quoting In re Novak, 116 B.R. 626, 628 (N.D. Ill. 1990)). The

Recovery Trustee removed this case on Thursday, November 29, 2012. The Long Trusts are

filing this motion on December 12, 2012. It is timely.

           2.           Cause of Action is Purely State-Law Based

           The case involved Castle’s state-law claims (evidently assigned to the Recovery Trustee

under the terms of Castle’s confirmed Chapter 11 plan) against the Long Trusts. See generally

Castle Tex. Prod. Ltd. P’ship v. The Long Trusts, 134 S.W.3d 267, 271-73 (Tex. App.—Tyler

2003, pet. denied). Before the Texas Supreme Court, the only issue is one of state law on accrual

of postjudgment interest. The case involves no issue of federal law, bankruptcy-based or

otherwise.

            3.          The Case Does Not Arise Under, Or In A Case Under, Title 11—And At Best
                        Merely Relates To A Title 11 Case

            The Recovery Trustee’s Notice of Removal says this is a “core” proceeding under 28

U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(C) as a “counterclaim” by the estate. (Notice of Removal ¶ 18.) This is

wrong. In fact, from the time this case was severed and re-assigned Cause No. 96-123A in the

state trial court, Castle was designated plaintiff and asserted its claims as such against the Long

Trusts—not counterclaims. (See Notice of Removal, Exhibit 2.) More importantly, all of

Castle’s claims—in whatever form—were reduced to, and merged into, a judgment in 2009. See

Jeanes v. Henderson, 688 S.W.2d 100, 103 (Tex. 1985) (“if a plaintiff prevails in a lawsuit, his

cause of action merges into the judgment and the cause of action dissolves.”).7 No issue of

liability remains to be tried in this matter. The only issue remaining on appeal before the Texas

Supreme Court concerns a pure question of law as to the proper accrual of postjudgment interest.

This proceeding does not fall under any category of core proceedings listed in 28 U.S.C.

                                                 
7
    If, on the other hand, a defendant wins on a claim, the plaintiff is barred from bringing another action on it. Id.

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
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§ 157(b)(2), including specifically subsections (A), (B), (C), or (O), on which the Recovery

Trustee relies in paragraph 22 of its Notice of Removal. The judgment does not concern

“administration of the estate,” “allowance or disallowance of claims against the estate,” does not

concern a “claim” or “counterclaim” since judgment was rendered in 2009, or a proceeding

affecting the “liquidation of the assets of the estate ….”

            It is well established that “‘core’ proceedings are those that invoke a substantive right

provided by title 11 or could arise only in the context of a bankruptcy case,” while non-core

“cases ‘related to’ the bankruptcy are those whose outcome could have any conceivable effect on

the estate being administered in bankruptcy.” See Morrison v. W. Builders of Amarillo, Inc. (In

re Morrison), 555 F.3d 473, 479 (5th Cir. 2009). Moreover, “controversies that do not depend on

the bankruptcy laws for their existence—suits that could proceed in another court even in the

absence of bankruptcy—are not core proceedings.” Wood v. Wood (In re Wood), 825 F.2d 90,

96 (5th Cir. 1987) (distilling general principles from N. Pipeline Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co.,

458 U.S. 50 (1982)).

            No issue herein invokes a substantive federal or bankruptcy right; and the long pre-

bankruptcy history of this case demonstrates that it is not a case that could arise only in the

context of a bankruptcy. This case, as in Wood, is “based on state created rights” only, and “is

simply a state contract action that, had there been no bankruptcy, could have proceeded in state

court.”          Wood, 825 F.2d at 97 (finding similar proceeding is non-core).                  Accordingly,

notwithstanding the Recovery Trustee’s allegation to the contrary, this proceeding is non-core.8

            4.          No Independent Basis of Jurisdiction Exists

                                                 
8
  Pursuant to Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 9027(e)(3), the Long Trusts are filing a statement denying the
allegations in the Notice of Removal that the claims involved in this case are core.

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
REMAND TO TEXAS SUPREME COURT—PAGE 8
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            The only basis for jurisdiction alleged in the Recovery Trustee’s Notice of Removal is

bankruptcy jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1334 and 1452. The Recovery Trustee does not

provide any alternative or independent basis of federal jurisdiction. Nor could the Recovery

Trustee allege another basis for federal jurisdiction. This case involves only issues of state law,

and therefore federal-question jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331 is unavailable. Diversity

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332 is likewise lacking on the face of the Notice of Removal

because the Recovery Trustee fails to allege either parties’ citizenship (both at the time of

removal and at the filing of the case); and, even if diversity did or does exist, the present removal

is untimely since it occurred “more than 1 year after commencement of the action.” 28 U.S.C. §

1446(c)(1). Since this case was filed in 1996, the availability of diversity jurisdiction as a basis

for removal expired sometime in 1997. Id. Accordingly, there is no independent basis for

federal jurisdiction.

            5.          Timely Adjudication in State Court

            There is no dispute that a state court action was commenced long before Castle’s

bankruptcy and that the sole remaining issue can be timely adjudicated by the Texas Supreme

Court. Indeed, that Court had set oral argument for December 6, 2012. If anything, the

Recovery Trustee’s removal to this Court and the prospect of transfer to a Delaware bankruptcy

court present the greatest threat to the timely disposition of this case.9

                                                 
9
  This case involves a novel issue of Texas state law that has not previously been addressed by the Texas Supreme
Court and that the Texas Supreme Court accepted for review. If this case remains in the federal courts, the most
sensible disposition would be to certify the question presented on appeal back to the Texas Supreme Court. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 58.1 (“The Supreme Court of Texas may answer questions of law certified to it by any federal
appellate court if the certifying court is presented with determinative questions of Texas law having no controlling
Supreme Court precedent.”).

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
REMAND TO TEXAS SUPREME COURT—PAGE 9
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           In light of the satisfaction of the foregoing elements, abstention from hearing this case is

mandatory under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(2). This Court must remand the case to the Texas

Supreme Court.

B.         Rooker-Feldman Doctrine Precludes Subject-Matter Jurisdiction

           The Rooker-Feldman doctrine10 recognizes that the United States Supreme Court’s

“appellate jurisdiction over state-court judgments, 28 U.S.C. § 1257[11], precludes a United

States district court from exercising subject-matter jurisdiction in an action it would otherwise be

empowered to adjudicate under a congressional grant of authority.” Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi

Basic Indus., 544 U.S. 280, 291 (2005). That is, under Rooker-Feldman and Section 1257,

“lower federal courts are precluded from exercising appellate jurisdiction over final state-court

judgments.” Lance v. Dennis, 546 U.S. 459, 463 (2006).

           Consistent with Rooker-Feldman principles, the Fifth Circuit has recognized that its case

law provides “no support for the theory that this court can exercise jurisdiction over a case

removed in an appellate posture from the state courts.” See Victoria Palms Resort, Inc. v. City of

Donna, 234 Fed. Appx. 179, 180 (5th Cir. 2007);12 see also FDIC v. Meyerland Co., 960 F.2d
512, 524-526 (5th Cir. 1992) (Politz, C.J., dissenting) (“An historical cornerstone of federal

                                                 
10
  The doctrine takes its name from two United States Supreme Court decisions: Rooker v. Fid. Trust Co., 263 U.S.
413 (1923), and Dist. of Columbia Ct. of App. v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983).
11
  “Final judgments or decrees rendered by the highest court of a State in which a decision could be had, may be
reviewed by the Supreme Court by writ of certiorari…” in particular circumstances. 28 U.S.C. § 1257(a). As this
case involves only the question of calculating postjudgment interest under Texas state law, it is questionable whether
the United States Supreme Court would even have appellate jurisdiction to review the Texas Supreme Court’s
decision.
12
  The one exception to this rule is that the particular language of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and
Enforcement Act of 1989 (“FIRREA”), 12 U.S.C. § 1819 et seq., has been interpreted as permitting removal during
an appeal. See, e.g., FDIC v. Meyerland Co., 960 F.2d 512 (5th Cir. 1992) (en banc); but see Victoria Palms Resort,
Inc. v. City of Donna, 234 Fed. Appx. 179, 180 (5th Cir. 2007) (limiting Meyerland to FIRREA cases; “Meyerland
furnishes no support for removal of any non-FIRREA cases to federal district courts while still on appeal in the state
court system.” (emphasis original)).

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
REMAND TO TEXAS SUPREME COURT—PAGE 10
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jurisdiction is that the general grant of jurisdiction to federal district courts does not include the

power to review final state court judgments.”).

        And the jurisdictional statutes invoked here by the Recovery Trustee confer only

original—not appellate—jurisdiction on federal district courts. See 28 U.S.C. § 1334 (providing

“original and exclusive jurisdiction” in certain cases, and “original but not exclusive jurisdiction”

in others; no reference of any appellate jurisdiction); 28 U.S.C. § 1452 (authorizing removals

related to bankruptcy, but only “if such district court has jurisdiction…under section 1334,”

which provides only original jurisdiction—not appellate).

        The procedural posture of this case precludes removal, and precludes this Court from

having subject-matter jurisdiction. At the time of removal, this case was accepted for review by,

and was pending before, the Texas Supreme Court. No authority vests this Court—or any other

federal district or bankruptcy court—with the appellate jurisdiction necessary to review the

decision of the Texas court of appeals, which itself reviewed the Texas trial court’s final

judgment. On the basis of Rooker-Feldman principles, this Court (and the Delaware bankruptcy

court to which the Recovery Trustee ultimately aims) lacks subject-matter jurisdiction to operate

as a de facto appellate court. Accordingly, this Court should remand this case for lack of federal

jurisdiction.

  C.    Bankruptcy Courts Lack Jurisdiction Over this Matter under Stern v. Marshall

        Even if the Recovery Trustee could permissibly remove this case while on appeal to the

Texas Supreme Court, Castle’s claims were state-law contract claims. They were in no way

derived from or dependent upon bankruptcy law, and they existed without regard to any

bankruptcy proceeding.      The only issue on appeal is a pure question of Texas law.            The

bankruptcy courts lack authority under Article III to enter a final judgment on these issues. See

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
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Stern v. Marshall, 131 S. Ct. 2594, 2615-20 (2011) (no Article III authority for bankruptcy court

to enter judgment on debtor’s counterclaim for tortious interference with expectancy of

inheritance claim when the counterclaim “is not resolved in the process of ruling on a creditor’s

proof of claim.”). As in Stern, the claims of Castle (or, now, the Recovery Trustee) are unrelated

to the resolution of any proof of claim filed by the Long Trusts in the underlying bankruptcy.

 D.    Permissive Abstention and Equitable Remand Are Justified

       This Court should remand because mandatory abstention is required and this Court has

no appellate jurisdiction under Rooker-Feldman and no Constitutional authority under Stern v.

Marshall. But, additionally and alternatively, this case is appropriate for permissive abstention

and an equitable remand.

       Section 1334, which confers federal bankruptcy jurisdiction, also provides for permissive

abstention in an appropriate case: “nothing in this section prevents a district court in the interest

of justice, or in the interest of comity with State courts or respect for State law, from abstaining

from hearing a particular proceeding arising under title 11 or arising in or related to a case under

title 11.” 28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(1). Similarly, specific to removed claims, Section 1452 confers a

broad power of equitable remand: “The court to which such claim or cause of action is removed

may remand such claim or cause of action on any equitable ground.” 28 U.S.C. § 1452(b).

Permissive abstention and equitable remand grant “broad discretion” to the bankruptcy court,

and a court “may abstain at its discretion from deciding either core or non-core proceedings….”

Gober v. Terra + Corp. (In re Gober), 100 F.3d 1195, 1206 (5th Cir. 1996).

       Permissive abstention and equitable remand “are kindred statutes and the analysis under

each have considerable overlap.” J.T. Thorpe Co. v. Am. Motorists, No. H-02-4598, 2003 WL

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
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23323005, at *2 (S.D. Tex. June 9, 2003) (citing Lee v. Miller, 263 B.R. 757, 763 (S.D. Miss.

2001)). The following nonexclusive factors are to inform the Court’s decision:

                 the effect or lack thereof on the efficient administration of the estate;

                 extent to which state law issues predominate over bankruptcy issues;

                 difficult or unsettled nature of applicable law;

                 jurisdictional basis, if any, other than § 1334;

                 degree of relatedness or remoteness of proceeding to main bankruptcy case;

                 the substance rather than the form of an asserted core proceeding;

                 the feasibility of severing state law claims from core bankruptcy matters to allow

                  judgments to be entered in state court with enforcement left to the bankruptcy court;

                 the likelihood that commencement of the proceeding in bankruptcy court involves

                  forum shopping by one of the parties;

                 comity; and

                 the possibility of prejudice to other parties in the action.

J.T. Thorpe Co., 2003 WL 23323005, at *6 (citing In re Republic Reader’s Serv., Inc., 81 B.R.
422, 429 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 1987); and Beasley v. Pers. Fin. Corp., 279 B.R. 523, 533-34 (S.D.

Miss. 2002)).13 Here, every applicable factor favors permissive abstention and equitable remand.

             1.         No Negative Effect on Estate Administration

                                                 
13
    Other factors include: presence of related proceeding commenced in state court or other nonbankruptcy
proceeding; the burden of the bankruptcy docket; the existence of a right to a jury trial; and the presence in the
proceeding of non-debtor parties. Other considerations particular to an equitable remand include: forum non
conveniens; whether the civil action has been bifurcated during removal; whether the state court has greater ability
to respond to questions of state law; the particular court’s expertise; the inefficiencies of proceedings in two forums;
prejudice to the involuntarily removed party; and possibility of inconsistent results. See, e.g., Browning v. Navarro,
743 F.2d 1069, 1076 n.21 (5th Cir. 1984); WRT Creditors Liquidation Trust v. C.I.B.C. Oppenheimer Corp., 75 F.
Supp. 596, 603 n.1 (S.D. Tex. 1999).

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
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       Should this Court abstain and remand—which it should—Castle’s estate administration

will not be negatively affected. First, confirmation of Castle’s plan in the bankruptcy brought an

end to the Debtor’s bankruptcy estate. 11 U.S.C. §1141(b). Second, no issue in this case relates

to any proof of claim filed in the bankruptcy; nor does this case involve a potential liability of the

bankruptcy estate; and, in fact, prompt resolution of the issues herein is in the best interest of the

Recovery Trustee – the apparent successor-in-interest to the Debtor’s estate. Remanding this

case to the Texas Supreme Court for final resolution—where oral argument already had been

scheduled—is the most expedient way for the Recovery Trustee to resolve this matter and

potentially obtain a benefit for the beneficiaries of the Recovery Trust. Accordingly, this factor

counsels toward abstention and remand.

       2.      Substantial, Unsettled Issues of State Law Predominate

       There are no issues of federal law, bankruptcy or otherwise, at issue in this litigation. To

the contrary, the only claims in this case were Castle’s Texas common-law contract claims. And

the only remaining issue concerns the proper calculation of postjudgment interest under Texas

law. The issue is unsettled, substantial, and important to Texas jurisprudence—indeed, the

Texas Supreme Court requested briefing on the merits, granted a petition for review on the issue,

and—but for this removal—intended to hear oral argument and presumably issue a decision

necessary to clarify uncertain Texas law. This is a case that should be heard by the Texas

Supreme Court—not by a bankruptcy court over 1,600 miles away in Delaware.                    Comity

considerations alone warrant abstention and remand.

       3.      Timing and Manner of Removal Is Suggestive Of Forum Shopping

       Assuming without conceding jurisdiction otherwise exists, this case presumably was

subject to removal upon Castle’s bankruptcy filing in December 2011. Rather than timely

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remove, Castle filed a Motion to Reinstate Case, which requested that the Texas Supreme Court

reinstate the case and decide whether to grant review. At no time over the next year did Castle

attempt to remove this case. And, despite review being granted in August 2012, the Recovery

Trustee elected to wait until the metaphorical “eve” of oral argument—a mere seven days

before—to remove the case to this Court. The Recovery Trustee’s conduct of removing only at

the last moment and after the underlying judgment was in jeopardy (after the Texas Supreme

Court granted review) is strongly suggestive of forum shopping. And even absent concerns of

forum shopping, the delay in executing the removal and the election to do it only days before

oral argument provide sufficient equitable reasons for this Court to remand on the basis of the

prejudice—both in costs and delay—suffered by the Long Trusts.

          4.       No Independent Basis For Federal Jurisdiction Over This Non-Core Case

          Finally, as noted above, this case is non-core—it does not relate to a substantive

bankruptcy right and arose outside the course of a bankruptcy proceeding. It is, at best, related to

a bankruptcy. Moreover, there is no independent basis for federal jurisdiction because there is

no federal question jurisdiction, and diversity jurisdiction is neither alleged nor would it be

timely.

          Accordingly, on the basis of its broad discretion, this Court should permissively abstain

(under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(1)) and/or equitably remand (under 28 U.S.C. § 1452(b)) and/or do

both.

E.        Removal is Untimely

          Although this Court need not reach the issue, remand is also required because the

removal is untimely.

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
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           Neither 28 U.S.C. § 1334 nor 28 U.S.C. § 1452—the jurisdictional statutes specific to

bankruptcy—provide a time limit to removal. But Section 1446 provides the general procedure

for all removed cases, and does include a general time limit for removal:

                       Except as provided in subsection (c) [inapplicable here], if the case
                       stated by the initial pleading is not removable, a notice of removal
                       may be filed within thirty days after receipt by the defendant,
                       through service or otherwise, of a copy of an amended pleading,
                       motion, order or other paper from which it may first be ascertained
                       that the case is one which is or has become removable.

28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(3) (underlining added). Here, Castle was certainly aware of its own

bankruptcy in December 2011, and in fact it filed a suggestion of bankruptcy at that time with

the Texas Supreme Court. Under Section 1441’s general thirty-day time limit, the Recovery

Trustee’s removal – almost a full year after the bankruptcy filing – was untimely, and this Court

should remand the case.

           The Recovery Trustee claims the removal “is timely under 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)” because

the Delaware bankruptcy court extended the removal deadline under Bankruptcy Rule 9027.

(See Notice of Removal ¶ 28.)14 But the statutory time limit of Section 1446(b) is “mandatory

and must be strictly complied with; the period cannot be extended by stipulation of the parties or

by order of the court.” Hodge v. Stallion Oilfield Services, No. H-07-CV-2255, 2007 WL
2777771, at *1 (S.D. Tex. Sept. 20, 2007) (collecting authority and quoting Albonetti v. GAF

Corp – Chem. Group, 520 F. Supp. 825, 827 (S.D. Tex. 1981)). Accordingly, the Delaware

bankruptcy court could not extend the statutory time for removal by its order or otherwise. See

also FED. R. BANKR. P. 9030 (“These rules shall not be construed to extend or limit the

jurisdiction of the courts….”); 28 U.S.C. § 2075 (conferring authority to create Federal Rules of
                                                 
14
  In fact, this was the third such extension purported to be entered by the Delaware bankruptcy court. (See ECF
Nos. 448, 897, and 1105 in Case No. 11-14006 (Bankr. D. Del.))

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
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Bankruptcy Procedure, but providing that “[s]uch rules shall not abridge, enlarge, or modify any

substantive right”).

       And to the extent that Bankruptcy Rule 9027 is in conflict with the time limits of Section

1446, then Section 1446 prevails. In re Asbestos Litig., No. CV-01-1790-PA, 2002 WL 649400,

at *3 (D. Or. Feb. 1, 2002) (finding notice of removal untimely because Section 1446 prevails

over Bankruptcy Rule 9027; “when a statute and a rule directly conflict, the statute wins.” (citing

Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Def. Counsel, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 842-45 (1984))).

       Although a number of courts have held that the timeliness of removal is governed by

Bankruptcy Rule 9027, those holdings are called into question by the United States Supreme

Court’s decision in Things Remembered, Inc. v. Petrarca, 516 U.S 124, 128-29 (1995). In that

case, the Court held that the general removal statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1447, applied to bankruptcy

removals under Section 1452. It logically follows that Section 1446—also a general removal

statute—would apply to bankruptcy removals as well.          See Thomas B. Bennett, Removal,

Remand, and Abstention Related to Bankruptcies: Yet Another Litigation Quagmore!, 27 CUMB.

L. REV. 1037, 1060 (1996-1997) (explaining that “[t]he viability of those portions of [Rule 9027]

that conflict with or expand removal time periods beyond those of 28 U.S.C. § 1446 is

questionable after the Things Remembered, Inc. opinion”). Accordingly, the Recovery Trustee

may not rely on Bankruptcy Rule 9027, or the Delaware bankruptcy court’s various orders, to

extended the statutorily mandated thirty-day time limit to removals under 28 U.S.C. § 1446.

Because the Recovery Trustee did not remove until nearly a year after the bankruptcy filing, the

removal is untimely under Section 1446 and remand is required.

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
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            Finally, even if Bankruptcy Rule 9027 were applicable, the Delaware Bankruptcy Court’s

Order15 enlarging the time to file notices of removal extends the deadline only for the

“Reorganized Debtors,” not the Recovery Trustee. Accordingly, the Recovery Trustee’s deadline

to remove this case has not been enlarged and is untimely under Rule 9027 as well.

                                                          CONCLUSION

            In light of the foregoing, the Long Trusts respectfully request that this Court apply the

principles of mandatory abstention, permissive abstention, and/or equitable remand, and remand

this case to the Texas Supreme Court. The Long Trusts are aware that the Recovery Trustee has

filed a Motion to Transfer to Delaware, but this Court should not consider that motion (which the

Long Trusts will timely oppose by separate filing), and should instead abstain and remand. The

Long Trusts further request that upon remand the Court award the Long Trusts their reasonable

and necessary costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred as a result of the Recovery

Trustee’s removal, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c). The Long Trusts request such other and/or

additional relief to which they may be justly entitled.

                                                              Respectfully submitted,

                                                              /s/ Scott A. Ritcheson
                                                              Scott A. Ritcheson
                                                                State Bar No. 16942500
                                                                scottr@rllawfirm.net
                                                              RITCHESON, LAUFFER & VINCENT, P.C.
                                                              821 ESE Loop 323, Suite 530
                                                              Tyler, Texas 75701
                                                              Telephone: (903) 535-2900, Ext. 14
                                                              Facsimile: (903) 533 8646

                                                               Mike A. Hatchell
                                                                State Bar No. 09219000
                                                 
15
  “Order (Third) Pursuant to Rules 9006 and 9027 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure Enlarging the
Time Within Which the Reorganized Debtors may File Notices of Removal of Related Proceedings” (Delta
Petroleum Bankruptcy Docket No. 1105) (copy attached, Exhibit “1”).

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
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                                              mahatchell@lockelord.com
                                            LOCKE LORD LLP
                                            100 Congress Avenue, Suite 300
                                            Austin, Texas 78701
                                            Telephone: (512) 305-4700
                                            Facsimile: (512) 305-4800

                                            Thomas F. Loose
                                             State Bar No. 12561500
                                              tloose@lockelord.com
                                            Scott K. Koelker
                                             State Bar No. 24065569
                                              skoelker@lockelord.com
                                            LOCKE LORD LLP
                                            2200 Ross Avenue, Suite 2200
                                            Dallas, Texas 75201
                                            Telephone: (214) 740-8000
                                            Facsimile: (214) 740-8800

                                            F. Franklin Honea
                                              State Bar No. 09934300
                                              frank@honealaw.com
                                            LAW OFFICE OF F. FRANKLIN HONEA
                                            5949 Sherry Lane, Suite 1700
                                            Dallas, Texas 75225
                                            Telephone: (214) 361-9494
                                            Facsimile: (214) 361-2109

                                            Ron Adkinson
                                             State Bar No. 00921090
                                             ron@adkinsonlawfirm.com
                                            THE ADKINSON LAW FIRM
                                            300 West Main Street
                                            Henderson, Texas 75653
                                            Telephone: (903) 657-8545
                                            Facsimile: (903) 657-6108

                                            ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANTS
                                            THE LONG TRUSTS

                               CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

       On December 12, 2012, I electronically submitted the foregoing document with the Clerk
of Court for the United States Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of Texas, using the electronic

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case filing system of the Court. I hereby certify that I have served all counsel of record and/or
pro se parties electronically or by another manner authorized by the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy
Procedure and/or Federal Rules of Civil Procedure as follows:

       Via ECF Notice                            Via CM/RRR
       E. Glenn Thames, Jr.                      Kathryn A. Coleman
       Ronald D. Stutes                          W. Peter Beardsley
       POTTER MINTON P.C.                        Christopher Gartman
       110 N. College Ave., Suite 500            HUGHES HUBBARD & REED LLP
       Tyler, Texas 75702                        One Battery Park Plaza
                                                 New York, New York 10004-1482

Counsel for John T. Young, Jr., as Trustee for the Delta Petroleum General Recovery Trust

                                                    /s/ Scott A. Ritcheson

MOTION TO ABSTAIN AND
REMAND TO TEXAS SUPREME COURT—PAGE 20