Court Opinion

ID: 6495722
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-06-28 14:15:40.019468+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:49:08.804708
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

              Present: Judges O’Brien, Lorish and Senior Judge Annunziata
UNPUBLISHED

              MARK LEWIS JENKINS
                                                                               MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.     Record No. 1088-21-4                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                                   JUNE 28, 2022
              COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

                               FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY
                                               James P. Fisher, Judge

                               (David W. Walls, Deputy Public Defender, on brief), for appellant.

                               (Jason S. Miyares, Attorney General; Justin B. Hill, Assistant
                               Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

                     Appellant, Mark Lewis Jenkins, appeals from the decision of the Circuit Court of

              Rappahannock County. Appellant contends that the trial court abused its discretion “in sentencing

              [him] to a total of twenty years[’] incarceration for the Breaking & Entering and larceny charges, in

              addition to the balance on his probation violations.” After examining the briefs and record in this

              case, the panel unanimously holds that oral argument is unnecessary because “the appeal is wholly

              without merit.” Code § 17.1-403(ii)(a); Rule 5A:27(a). We affirm the decision of the trial court.

                                                         BACKGROUND

                     “The evidence is considered in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, as the

              prevailing party below.” Jacobs v. Commonwealth, 61 Va. App. 529, 535 (2013). In 2005, the trial

              court convicted appellant of two counts of unauthorized use of a vehicle and one count of credit

              card theft. The trial court sentenced appellant to two years’ incarceration on each of the

              unauthorized use of a vehicle charges and three years’ incarceration on the credit card theft charge.

                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
The trial court suspended all but seven months and six days of the sentences. Subsequently, the trial

court found appellant violated the terms and conditions of his probation, revoked his suspended

sentences, and resuspended three years, four months, and twenty-four days of the sentences.

       On July 9, 2020, L.F. and D.R. owned and resided in a home in Rappahannock County.

That morning, they left for a medical appointment. Around 11:00 a.m., Joshua Keys arrived at the

house of L.F. and D.R.’s neighbor to replace a broken thermostat. Soon after arriving, Keys heard a

loud car pull in behind him and saw appellant get out of the car. While Keys was talking with the

homeowner’s son, appellant approached them and inquired about the owner of the neighbor’s

house. Keys recognized appellant because they attended school together.

       L.F. and D.R. returned to their house around 4:00 p.m. and noticed that their kitchen

window was broken. When they noticed that both of their computers were missing, L.F.

immediately called the police. The police arrived, took pictures, and talked with L.F. and D.R.

about the missing items. L.F. took inventory of all known missing items, including a $350 DVD

player, a $2,500 MacBook Air, a $2,500 MacBook Pro, and cords and plugs for the computers.

Additionally, L.F. found that they were missing approximately $1,000 in foreign currency,

approximately $2,000 in American currency, a bag of foreign coins, and savings bonds valued at

$9,000. Finally, L.F. noticed that they were missing a spare set of house keys and car keys, their

passports, a wallet, $300 worth of “food items,” a leather folder, and an antique cigar cutter.

       During his investigation, Lieutenant Dodson of the Rappahannock County Sheriff’s Office

spoke with Keys, who provided details about his encounter with appellant. Dodson then located

appellant’s address in Culpeper County.

       On the afternoon of July 12, 2020, L.F. noticed a car, containing a driver and a passenger,

parked at an unusual spot on the road outside his house. That evening, L.F. saw the vehicle parked

at the same spot on the road. L.F. called his neighbor to inquire about the vehicle. Shortly

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thereafter, L.F. noticed D.R.’s Toyota was missing from the driveway. L.F. called the police and

reported the missing vehicle.

       Dodson contacted the Culpeper County Sheriff’s Office and advised an officer to monitor

appellant’s address for signs of the missing Toyota. After the police located the missing Toyota at

appellant’s address, Dodson and Sergeant Berry executed a search warrant of the residence. Inside

appellant’s home, the police found L.F.’s and D.R.’s missing items, with the exception of the

American currency.

       The police arrested appellant and advised him of his rights under Miranda v. Arizona, 384

U.S. 436 (1966). After waiving his rights, appellant initially told Dodson that “a friend of his told

him they had left some keys in a field, and that he was going to pick the vehicle up for that person

and take it back to them.” Later, appellant told Dodson that “there were some keys in a mailbox,

and he was going to pick the vehicle up for somebody and drop it off to them.” Appellant admitted

that he was in Rappahannock County on July 9, 2020, to obtain “permission to go fishing at places

he had went as a kid.” He knocked on the victims’ door, and when nobody answered, he knocked

on a window, which he accidentally shattered. Appellant stated that he saw food on the table and

entered through the window because “he really wanted the food.” Once inside, appellant found

“some other things” that he “grabbed.” Appellant stated that he took the laptops to a friend to have

a game installed on them. Initially, appellant denied taking any money, but later, when Dodson

asked him about the cash, appellant said, “I still have some of it.” Appellant denied taking the

passports.

       A grand jury charged appellant on two counts of grand larceny and one count of statutory

burglary. Appellant pleaded guilty to the grand larceny of the Toyota but pleaded not guilty to the

remaining charges. The trial court accepted appellant’s guilty plea and found him guilty of that

charge. After a bench trial, the trial court also found appellant guilty of the remaining grand larceny

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and statutory burglary charges. Consequently, the trial court found that appellant violated the terms

and conditions of his previously suspended sentences.

        At the sentencing hearing, L.F. testified that he no longer “felt safe in [his] own home and in

this county.” He stated that he had to spend months “fortifying” his home, including replacing all

the windows and doors on the first level. After appellant was arrested, L.F. felt safer; however, he

was still concerned about appellant’s accomplice in the larceny of the Toyota because the

accomplice was never apprehended. Appellant testified that he was cooperative with authorities and

provided information about his accomplice, including the accomplice’s name and potential

addresses.

        The trial court reviewed programs completed by appellant while pending the resolution of

the instant charges, as well as appellant’s presentence investigation report.1 The trial court also

considered appellant’s criminal history, which extended back to 2000. Finally, the trial court took

notice of appellant’s previous probation violations.

        The Commonwealth argued that appellant’s conduct “traumatized and scandalized” the

victims and “robbed [them] of their state of feeling secure.” The Commonwealth also raised

appellant’s multiple prior criminal offenses. The Commonwealth requested that the trial court

sentence appellant in excess of fifteen years of incarceration. Appellant discussed his unstable

upbringing, alcoholism, and his diagnosis of “emotionally disturbed.” Appellant mentioned that his

father died when he was five years old and that one of appellant’s children died when she was

        1
          During a break in the proceedings, while the attorney for the Commonwealth stepped
out of the courtroom, the trial court asked appellant’s counsel about a program appellant
completed while incarcerated. The trial court noted a class on obtaining a recovery rebate credit.
The trial court posed the following to appellant’s counsel: “I’m just curious that our prisons are
advising people—or our jails are advising people on how to get economic impact credits and
payments?” The trial court mused “[i]sn’t that a little ironic that people are signing up for
payments from the government while they’re waiting on sentencing on stealing people’s property
and breaking into their houses?”
                                                -4-
eleven years old. In light of his cooperation with the police, appellant requested that the trial court

reduce the low end of his sentencing guidelines to two years, eight months, and two days.2

Appellant requested a sentence totaling between three and four years. Appellant agreed that

revoking the balance of his suspended sentences would be appropriate. Appellant declined

allocution.

        The trial court considered appellant’s lengthy and “very serious” criminal history, which

included opportunities for rehabilitation that appellant “resoundingly failed.” The trial court

discussed how appellant’s conduct affected the victims and their community. The trial court noted

that while appellant was thirty-three years old, his criminal history was twenty years old. The trial

court also discussed the personal value that the victims assigned to the stolen property. For

instance, D.R. was writing a book, the manuscript for which was saved on one of the stolen

laptops.3 Given the “plethora of sentencing considerations” raised by appellant’s case, the trial

court found that the discretionary sentencing guidelines were inadequate. For the statutory burglary

charge, the trial court sentenced appellant to twenty years’ incarceration, with ten years suspended.

For the two grand larceny charges, the trial court sentenced appellant to ten years’ incarceration,

        2
         The discretionary sentencing guidelines for appellant’s larceny and burglary charges
recommended a sentence totaling between five years and four months and nine years and five
months, with a midpoint of six years and six months. The recommended range for the revocation
of appellant’s suspended sentences was between one year and three months and four years.
        3
          In discussing the personal value D.R. assigned to one of the stolen laptops, the trial
court stated the following:

                Not to mention the computers, the manuscripts—one man was
                writing a book. That’s [a] very, very personal thing. It takes a lot
                of work and effort and to have that invaded and stolen—and I’m
                quite sure that you weren’t interested in literature when you did
                it—but nonetheless it’s a victimization that the [trial c]ourt has to
                take into account.
                                                 -5-
with five years suspended on each charge. Finally, the trial court revoked the balance of appellant’s

suspended sentences. This appeal followed.

                                             ANALYSIS

        Appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion when it sentenced appellant to a

total of twenty years’ active incarceration for the statutory burglary charge and two grand larceny

charges. Appellant argues that the trial court “looked at wholly improper factors and did not

consider relevant factors that should have been given more weight.” Appellant cites the trial court’s

comments regarding appellant taking a class on obtaining stimulus payments while incarcerated and

its comment regarding appellant’s “lack of interest in literature.”

        “The determination of sentencing lies within the sound discretion of the trial court. A

sentencing decision will not be reversed unless the trial court abused its discretion.” Garibaldi v.

Commonwealth, 71 Va. App. 64, 67 (2019) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 274 Va. 733, 735

(2007)). “[W]hen a statute prescribes a maximum imprisonment penalty and the sentence does not

exceed that maximum, the sentence will not be overturned as being an abuse of discretion.” Minh

Duy Du v. Commonwealth, 292 Va. 555, 564 (2016) (quoting Alston v. Commonwealth, 274 Va.

759, 771-72 (2007)). The sentencing guidelines “are discretionary, rather than mandatory.”

Woodard v. Commonwealth, 287 Va. 276, 281 (2014) (quoting West v. Dir. of Dep’t of Corr., 273

Va. 56, 65 (2007)). A judge’s failure to follow the sentencing guidelines “shall not be reviewable

on appeal or the basis of any other post-conviction relief.” Code § 19.2-298.01(F).

        It was within the trial court’s purview to weigh the mitigating evidence appellant presented.

Keselica v. Commonwealth, 34 Va. App. 31, 36 (2000). “Criminal sentencing decisions are among

the most difficult judgment calls trial judges face.” Minh Duy Du, 292 Va. at 563. “Because this

task is so difficult, it must rest heavily on judges closest to the facts of the case—those hearing and

                                                  -6-
seeing the witnesses, taking into account their verbal and nonverbal communication, and placing all

of it in the context of the entire case.” Id.

        Here the record demonstrates that the trial court heard the mitigating evidence appellant

cites on appeal, including appellant’s “difficult upbringing,” “personal tragedies,” and his

“diagnoses.” Balanced against that, however, was the impact of appellant’s crimes on the victims

and their community, and the sense of security they lost. Appellant’s extensive criminal history also

affected the trial court’s sentencing. At the time of the sentencing, appellant was thirty-three years

old and had a criminal history stretching back twenty years. The trial court noted that other circuit

courts granted appellant the opportunity to rehabilitate on several occasions, but that appellant

“resoundingly failed” to take advantage of these opportunities to reform. After considering all the

circumstances, the trial court imposed the sentences that it deemed appropriate.

        Appellant asserts that the trial court considered “wholly improper factors” in determining

appellant’s sentences. The trial court commented on appellant’s interest in obtaining a stimulus

payment during a break in the proceedings. The trial court did not raise those comments at any

point in its discussion of appellant’s sentences. With respect to the trial court’s comments about

appellant’s interest in literature, the trial court noted that appellant stole a computer containing a

book that one of the victims was writing. The trial court’s expressed doubt that appellant stole the

computer because of the book was consistent with the absence of any evidence to the contrary. Its

comment that writing a book took “a lot of work and effort” and was a “very, very personal thing,”

reflected the trial court’s proper consideration of the offense’s impact on the victim.

        Moreover, appellant’s sentences were within the ranges set by the legislature. See Code

§§ 18.2-91 and -95. “[O]nce it is determined that a sentence is within the limitations set forth in the

statute under which it is imposed, appellate review is at an end.” Thomason v. Commonwealth, 69

Va. App. 89, 99 (2018) (quoting Minh Duy Du, 292 Va. at 565).

                                                   -7-
                                   CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s decision is affirmed.

                                                                     Affirmed.

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