Court Opinion

ID: 988035
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-07-03 20:33:34.26544+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:14:10.598370
License: Public Domain

Filed 7/2/13 Knowledge and Intelligence Program et al. v. Lukin CA2/2
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION TWO

KNOWLEDGE AND INTELLIGENCE                                           B234495
PROGRAM PROFESSIONALS, INC.,
                                                                     (Los Angeles County
         Plaintiff and Appellant,                                    Super. Ct. No. NC053503 )

         v.

ANTHONY LUKIN et al.,

         Defendants and Appellants.

         APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. Joseph E.
DiLoreto, Judge. Affirmed in part and reversed in part.

         Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Kathleen Kenealy, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Steven M. Gevercer, Assistant Attorney General, Joel A. Davis and Elizabeth S.
Angres, Deputy Attorneys General, for Defendants and Appellants.

         Plager Schack and Michael L. Schack for Plaintiff and Appellant.

                                             ____________________
       This is an appeal and cross-appeal from an order denying in part and granting in
part a special motion to strike under Code of Civil Procedure section 425.16, the “anti-
SLAPP statute.”1 The lawsuit was filed by plaintiff Knowledge and Intelligence Program
Professionals, Inc. (KIPP) against four defendants: two state agencies, the Commission
on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) and the California Specialized Training
Institute (CSTI) (the state defendants), and two individuals, CSTI employee Anthony
Lukin (Lukin) and Kenneth L. Whitman (Whitman), a special consultant to POST
(collectively defendants).2 We conclude that the causes of action do not arise from
protected activity. We reverse only that part of the order granting the motion to strike in
favor of the state defendants and awarding them attorney fees.
                 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
       POST was established by the Legislature in 1959 to set minimum selection and
training standards for California law enforcement. California Code of Regulations,
Title 11, Division 2, sections 1051 through 1058 sets forth the extensive requirements for
POST’s certification of courses. POST either certifies presenters to teach its courses or
uses approved instructors. POST also has full authority to decertify courses. (Cal. Code
Regs., tit. 11., § 1057.) POST is required to review certified courses annually to evaluate
“[t]he continuing need for the course, currency of curriculum, and adherence to
requirements for course certification.” (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 11., § 1056.) CTSI provides
coordination of training and presentation of POST courses.

1      All further statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless otherwise
indicated.
       SLAPP is an acronym for strategic lawsuits against public participation. An order
granting or denying a special motion to strike under section 425.16 is directly appealable.
(§§ 425.16, subd. (i), 904.1, subd. (a)(13).)

2     The action was also brought against Lukin’s private company, Lukin &
Associates, Inc., which has filed an answer and is not a party to these appeals. While the
appeals were pending, Whitman passed away on October 12, 2012. The parties have
reached a settlement agreement regarding Whitman.

                                             2
Allegations of the Third Amended Complaint
       The operative third amended complaint (TAC) alleges the following: Since 2001,
KIPP has provided training and consulting services in the fields of homeland security,
intelligence and strategic risk management to both the private and public sectors. Since
at least 2004, KIPP has provided approved instructors to teach POST’s Terrorism Liaison
Officer (TLO) course, which has been approved by the United States Department of
Homeland Security (DHS) for federal funding. In the fall of 2007, Lukin, in his
individual capacity and as an agent for Lukin & Associates, orally agreed that KIPP
would run full-page advertisements featuring TLO training in Police Chief and Sheriff
magazines and that any out-of-state business generated from the advertising would go
exclusively to KIPP. Until that time, Lukin & Associates had taught the TLO course
outside California. In February 2008, Lukin, again in his individual capacity and as an
agent for Lukin & Associates, demanded that all leads from KIPP’s advertising be
forwarded to him for POST through CSTI, and announced that POST, through Whitman,
wanted the advertisements stopped and that only POST would offer the TLO training.
Lukin took the leads to generate private consulting contracts for Lukin & Associates to
teach the TLO course out of state.
       The TAC also alleges that Lukin and Whitman issued unfounded negative reviews
of KIPP’s TLO curriculum, despite the curriculum bearing DHS approval, in order to
divert all TLO training to Lukin & Associates. “The instigation and instruction of
Whitman and Lukin was with the specific intent to wrongfully cause the TLO course to
be suspended and/or decertified in an effort to prevent KIPP, with its superior training
program, from building and growing a successful business providing training to peace
officers throughout the United States, such that . . . Lukin & Associates could continue to
thrive, thus allowing all TLO training to be diverted to Lukin & Associates.”
       The TAC also alleges that to “further their plan and conspiracy to divert private
contracts for TLO courses to Lukin & Associates, on or about September 19, 2008, at the
instigation of Whitman and Lukin, POST sent a letter” to KIPP demanding that it cease
presenting the TLO course and that POST was “suspending certification” of the course.

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From September 2008 to September 2009, no alternative TLO course approved by DHS
was offered. “Tony Lukin and Ken Whitman, using the auspices of Lukin & Associates,
have positioned Lukin & Associates to teach a new [TLO] course independent of POST
for compensation paid directly to Tony Lukin and/or Lukin & Associates, and have done
so in other states to the wrongful exclusion of Plaintiff.” In October 2008, KIPP attended
a meeting during which Lukin, acting on behalf of CSTI, “invited anyone who disagreed
with the moratorium and decertification to file a lawsuit against POST.”
       The first cause of action alleges violation of the Political Reform Act (Gov. Code,
§ 87100) against Lukin and Whitman.3 The TAC alleges that Lukin and Whitman “have
and will continue to abuse their official positions to influence a governmental decision,
e.g., the suspension and/or decertification of TLO courses and targeting qualified trainers
such as KIPP, to benefit their own financial interests through the awarding of contracts
and seminars for compensation to Defendant Lukin & Associates.”
       The second cause of action seeks declaratory relief against Lukin, Whitman and
the state defendants. The TAC alleges that Lukin’s and Whitman’s actions have caused
the state defendants, which are alleged to act as managers of federal grant monies, to
violate the Economy Act (31 U.S.C. § 1535), by influencing state agencies to refuse to
reimburse public safety agencies for TLO training, and have engaged in the improper
assessment and collection of administrative fees from federal grant monies. Lukin’s and
Whitman’s actions have also caused the state defendants to violate “California Open
Meeting Acts” by imposing a moratorium on the TLO course in the absence of a public
hearing.
       The third cause of action seeks declaratory relief against only the state defendants.
The TAC alleges that on or about June 24, 2010, POST transmitted to KIPP a letter
stating that POST has a copyright on the TLO course materials, POST has the right to

3      The first cause of action was also brought against the state defendants. However,
by the time the anti-SLAPP motion was heard, the trial court had already sustained a
demurrer without leave to amend this claim against the state defendants. Similarly, the
other causes of action not mentioned here were also sustained without leave to amend.

                                             4
condition certification of the TLO course and restrain instructors from using the course
materials for personal or business profit, KIPP violated these conditions by advertising on
the Internet that it provides TLO training, and KIPP acted as a “presenter” without
certification. A month later, on or about July 23, 2010, POST sent KIPP a letter stating
that it did not have permission or approval to use the course material to provide
instruction in a similar course being presented in Nevada. Implied in the letter was a
threat that should KIPP not comply with the demand to stop using the course materials,
POST would not permit it to act as an instructor of the TLO course.
       Finally, the sixth cause of action alleges a violation of Business and Professions
Code section 17200 against Lukin and Whitman, asserting that they have engaged in
unfair business practices by violating the Political Reform Act.
       The TAC prays for numerous declarations, including declarations that Lukin and
Whitman have violated the Political Reform Act; that all defendants have violated the
Economy Act and the California Open Meeting Acts; and that the state defendants
improperly decertified or suspended KIPP’s TLO curriculum, do not have a copyright on
the TLO course materials, cannot prevent instructors on the use of course materials, and
cannot withhold or instruct other agencies to withhold payment of federal grant monies to
peace officers for reimbursement for such training.
The Anti-SLAPP Motion
       Defendants filed a combined special motion to strike the TAC, on the grounds that
the alleged conduct arose from protected activity, and KIPP could not show a likelihood
of prevailing because, among other things, defendants have various statutory immunities
from liability. Defendants sought their attorney fees and costs.
       Defendants relied primarily on Whitman’s declaration, which stated:
“Suspensions of courses are a customary practice of POST when course curriculums are
revised”; the revisions commenced in September 2008 and were completed in January
2009; in April 2009 KIPP and others were invited to become certified presenters of the
newly revised TLO course but KIPP did not apply; KIPP has been employed as an
instructor of the new TLO course by two of the currently certified presenters; and “[a]t no

                                             5
time since its inception has the TLO Course been decertified, and, similarly, at no time
has the course certification been suspended.”
Opposition Papers
       KIPP opposed the special motion to strike on the grounds that the TAC did not
arise from protected activity, KIPP claims were exempt from the anti-SLAPP statute,
KIPP could establish a prima facie case on the merits, and none of the privileges asserted
by defendants applied.
       KIPP relied on the declaration of its founder and principal, Harold Kempfer, who
clarified that KIPP had never acted as a “presenter” of any TLO course, but had only
provided approved instructors. Kempfer reiterated the TAC’s allegations about referring
advertising leads to Lukin. He also attached numerous e-mails on which he was copied,
including one from Lukin to the City of Chicago, in which Lukin stated he was using his
“personal computer as this is ‘private,’ not California State business,” and provided
information about the TLO course. Kempfer also attached a copy of the September 15,
2008, letter addressed to him from the assistant executive director of POST, Michael C.
Dimiceli (Dimiceli), which stated that POST was “suspending certification and use of the
current standardized course curriculum effective immediately,” and that DHS had been
notified that POST was “suspending presentations of the current course until the
modifications to the curriculum” were completed and that no federal grants could be used
to present the prior version of the course. KIPP also submitted its attorney’s declaration,
which asserted that the various documents attached to his declaration were obtained
pursuant to his public records request to POST.4 KIPP also filed evidentiary objections.
Reply and Supplemental Papers
       Along with their reply brief, defendants filed their own evidentiary objections to
KIPP’s evidence. They also submitted a declaration from Lukin, who stated that he was
not involved in the decision to suspend the TLO course, and a declaration from Dimiceli
which stated that he had made the decision to suspend the TLO course without any

4      The attorney later submitted a copy of the written request he sent to POST.

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consultation with or input from Lukin. Whitman filed another declaration stating that he
used Lukin’s personal e-mail when working on government business. The parties also
filed supplemental briefs, declarations, and evidentiary objections.
Trial Court Ruling
       After overruling the majority of evidentiary objections, the trial court denied the
anti-SLAPP motion in its entirety as to Lukin and granted it as to Whitman. As to the
state defendants, the trial court ruled: “The Special Motion to Strike of Defendant State
is granted as to the first cause of action and denied as to the second cause of action.”
There is no ruling on the third cause of action against the state defendants. The court
denied Lukin’s request for attorney fees, and granted attorney fees to the state defendants
in the amount of $1,680 and to Whitman in the amount of $2,360.
       Defendants filed a notice of appeal and KIPP filed a notice of cross-appeal.
                                        DISCUSSION
I. The Anti-SLAPP Statute and the Standard of Review
       The anti-SLAPP statute provides that “A cause of action against a person arising
from any act of that person in furtherance of the person’s right of petition or free speech
under the United States Constitution or the California Constitution in connection with a
public issue shall be subject to a special motion to strike, unless the court determines that
the plaintiff has established that there is a probability that the plaintiff will prevail on the
claim.” (§ 425.16, subd. (b)(1).) An act “in furtherance of” the right of petition or free
speech includes “any written or oral statement or writing made before a legislative,
executive, or judicial proceeding, or any other official proceeding authorized by law”;
“any written or oral statement or writing made in connection with an issue under
consideration or review by . . . any other official proceeding authorized by law”; “any
written or oral statement or writing made in a place open to the public or a public forum
in connection with an issue of public interest”; or “any other conduct in furtherance of the
exercise of the constitutional right of petition or . . . of free speech in connection with a
public issue or an issue of public interest.” (§ 425.16, subd. (e).)

                                                7
       There are two components to a motion to strike brought under section 425.16.
Initially, the defendant has the threshold burden to show that the cause of action arises
from an act in furtherance of the right of petition or free speech. (Zamos v. Stroud (2004)
32 Cal.4th 958, 965; Equilon Enterprises v. Consumer Cause, Inc. (2002) 29 Cal.4th 53,
67.) Once that burden is met, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to demonstrate a
probability of prevailing on the claim. (Zamos v. Stroud, supra, at p. 965; City of Cotati
v. Cashman (2002) 29 Cal.4th 69, 76.) To satisfy this prong, the plaintiff “‘must
demonstrate that the complaint is both legally sufficient and supported by a sufficient
prima facie showing of facts to sustain a favorable judgment if the evidence submitted by
the plaintiff is credited.’” (Wilson v. Parker, Covert & Chidester (2002) 28 Cal.4th 811,
821; DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co. v. Superior Court (2000) 78 Cal.App.4th 562,
568 [to establish a probability of prevailing, a plaintiff must substantiate each element of
the alleged cause of action through competent, admissible evidence].) “Only a cause of
action that satisfies both prongs of the anti-SLAPP statute—i.e., that arises from
protected speech or petitioning and lacks even minimal merit—is a SLAPP, subject to
being stricken under the statute.” (Navellier v. Sletten (2002) 29 Cal.4th 82, 89.)
       We independently review the record to determine whether the asserted causes of
action arise from the defendant’s free speech or petitioning activity, and, if so, whether
the plaintiff has shown a probability of prevailing. (City of Alhambra v. D’Ausilio (2011)
193 Cal.App.4th 1301, 1306; Soukup v. Law Offices of Herbert Hafif (2006) 39 Cal.4th
260, 269, fn. 3; HMS Capital, Inc. v. Lawyers Title Co. (2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 204,
212.) In making these determinations, we consider “the pleadings, and supporting and
opposing affidavits stating the facts upon which the liability or defense is based.”
(§ 425.16, subd. (b)(2); see Flatley v. Mauro (2006) 39 Cal.4th 299, 326; Equilon
Enterprises v. Consumer Cause, Inc., supra, 29 Cal.4th at p. 67.) In determining whether
the plaintiff has met its burden, we do not reweigh the evidence, but accept as true all
evidence favorable to the plaintiff and evaluate the defendant’s evidence only to
determine if it has defeated the evidence submitted by the plaintiff as a matter of law.
(Mann v. Quality Old Time Service, Inc. (2004) 120 Cal.App.4th 90, 105–106.)

                                              8
II. Section 425.17
       As an initial matter, we reject KIPP’s contention that its causes of action are
exempt from the anti-SLAPP statute pursuant to section 425.17, subsection (b). This
section provides that section 425.16 does not apply to “any action brought solely in the
public interest or on behalf of the general public if all of the following conditions exist:
[¶] (1) The plaintiff does not seek any relief greater than or different from the relief
sought for the general public or a class of which the plaintiff is a member. A claim for
attorney’s fees, costs, or penalties does not constitute greater or different relief for
purposes of this subdivision. [¶] (2) The action, if successful, would enforce an
important right affecting the public interest, and would confer a significant benefit,
whether pecuniary or nonpecuniary, on the general public or a large class of persons. [¶]
(3) Private enforcement is necessary and places a disproportionate financial burden on the
plaintiff in relation to the plaintiff's stake in the matter.” (§ 425.17, subd. (b).)
       KIPP cannot meet the first condition because the TAC seeks relief specific to
KIPP. The TAC seeks monetary damages of $500,000 for the first cause of action, as
well as general and compensatory damages, punitive damages, interest, and “other and
further relief.” KIPP asserts that following the trial court’s ruling on the demurrers, there
are no longer any claims for damages, except civil penalties. But this fact is irrelevant
because KIPP originally sought to benefit itself financially. Moreover, the TAC alleges
that Lukin and Whitman “wrongfully cause[d] the TLO course to be suspended and/or
decertified in an effort to prevent KIPP, with its superior training program, from building
and growing a successful business.” The TAC also seeks declarations that “POST and
CSTI improperly decertified or suspended KIPP’s DHS certified TLO curriculum,” and
POST does not have the authority to “prevent or preclude Plaintiff, in this instance, from
engaging in legitimate interstate and intrastate commerce.” (Italics added.) And the
TAC seeks an injunction requiring “the immediate certification of KIPP and its
instructors to provide such training.” Thus, the relief KIPP seeks is not “solely” in the
public interest or on behalf of the general public.

                                                9
III. Protected Activity
       A. The Parties’ Positions
       Defendants contend that KIPP’s causes of action are protected acts because they
arise from statements or writings made in connection with an issue under consideration or
review in an official proceeding authorized by law. (§ 425.16, subd. (e)(2).) Defendants
assert that “the predominate foundation of KIPP’s case and each cause of action that
survived demurrer are alleged statements or writings made in the process of reviewing
and suspending presentation of the TLO Course during the brief period revisions were
made to the course—official proceedings authorized by law,” and that “[a]lleged
statements made by POST representatives and CSTI representatives (including Lukin) in
the course of administrative proceedings authorized by law serve as the foundation for
each of KIPP’s causes of action.” In addition to specific allegations, defendants point to
the letters identified in the TAC.
       KIPP contends that the speech and letters are not at issue; rather, it is the
“decision-making and policies of the respective state agencies that is at issue.” KIPP
argues that the manner in which defendants conducted themselves was “problematic,”
including suspending the TLO course when there is no provision in the regulations for
suspension, failing to have a public hearing before suspending the course, precluding the
use of federal homeland security funds for a training course approved by the DHS, and
permitting state employees to engage in acts incompatible with their official positions.
According to KIPP, the “issue is NOT what has been said or written by any individuals to
accomplish a result. KIPP claims the laws have not been followed and that without a
court order stating the conduct is improper, the conduct will be repeated.”

                                              10
       B. The First Cause of Action5
       The first cause of action alleges that Lukin has violated the Political Reform Act.
Government Code section 87100 provides: “No public official at any level of state or
local government shall make, participate in making or in any way attempt to use his
official position to influence a governmental decision in which he knows or has reason to
know he has a financial interest.”
       KIPP asserts that the “essence of the First Cause of Action is a conflict of interest
in which Lukin and Whitman abused their official jobs for private gain.” KIPP further
asserts: The “First Cause of Action merely alleges that the Individual Defendants
violated [the Political Reform Act] by virtue of their relationship with [Lukin &
Associates]. There is no free speech right nor right to petition implicated from the
operation of a private business enterprise for profit in violation of [the law]. Therefore,
as to the First Cause of Action, the ‘arising out of protected activity’ prong is not met and
Lukin’s Motion as to that cause of action was properly denied.”
       We agree. The TAC makes clear that KIPP is complaining that Lukin should not
be allowed to operate a private business in direct conflict with his official position. As
KIPP asserts in its reply brief, “It is Lukin’s operation of the private business that
underpins the First Cause of Action against Lukin and the State Defendants. Put another
way, but for Lukin’s operation of his private business, there could be no cause of action
for Violation of the Political Reform Act—regardless of what Lukin may have said or
written.”
       Moreover, the TAC does not allege that an official proceeding authorized by law
took place. Rather, the TAC alleges that the suspension of the TLO course was improper
in large part precisely because there was no official proceeding authorized by law,

5       As previously noted, by the time the trial court ruled on the anti-SLAPP motion,
the court had already sustained a demurrer without leave to amend the first cause of
action against the state defendants. Accordingly, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to rule
on the state defendants’ anti-SLAPP motion as to this cause of action. That part of the
trial court’s order granting the anti-SLAPP motion of the state defendants as to the first
cause of action is therefore a nullity and is hereby stricken.

                                              11
namely, a public hearing on the matter. Even if it could be said that Lukin participated in
the decision to suspend the TLO course, this would not subject the first cause of action to
the anti-SLAPP statute. (See Graffiti Protective Coatings, Inc. v. City of Pico Rivera
(2010) 181 Cal.App.4th 1207, 1224 [“That City officials may have deliberated in
deciding whether to invite bids in selecting GPC’s successor does not mean the City
exercised its right of petition or free speech”].)
       Furthermore, “if the allegations of protected activity are only incidental to a cause
of action based essentially on nonprotected activity, the mere mention of the protected
activity does not subject the cause of action to an anti-SLAPP motion.” (Scott v.
Metabolife Internat., Inc. (2004) 115 Cal.App.4th 404, 414–415; Martinez v. Metabolife
Internat., Inc. (2003) 113 Cal.App.4th 181, 188 [“[I]t is the principal thrust or gravamen
of the plaintiff’s cause of action that determines whether the anti-SLAPP statute applies
[citation], and when the allegations referring to arguably protected activity are only
incidental to a cause of action based essentially on nonprotected activity, collateral
allusions to protected activity should not subject the cause of action to the anti-SLAPP
statute.” The gravamen of the first cause of action is that Lukin abused his official
position to benefit his own private company in violation of the law. This is not protected
activity.
       C. The Second Cause of Action
       The second cause of action seeks an order from the court declaring, essentially,
that the state defendants have not been acting in compliance with the law. The TAC
alleges that such violations will continue in the absence of a court order stopping the
abuses. The acts alleged to give rise to the need for declaratory relief are the failure to
conduct an open meeting before suspending the TLO course in violation of the Bagley-
Keene Open Meeting Act (Gov. Code, §§ 11120-11132);6 the failure to comply with the

6   Government Code section 11130, subdivision (a) provides in part that “any interested
person may commence an action by mandamus, injunction, or declaratory relief for the
purpose of stopping or preventing violations or threatened violations of this article or to
determine the applicability of this article to past actions or threatened future action . . . .”

                                              12
Economy Act (31 U.S.C. § 1535), which requires that federal funds be used in the most
economical way; the failure to comply with the Code of Regulations in certifying and
decertifying courses; and allowing employees to engage in activities incompatible with
their official duties. None of these remedies are based on the exercise of a free speech or
petitioning right by the state defendants. Instead, these remedies arise out of the state
defendants’ failure to comply with the law.
       In Graffiti Protective Coatings, Inc. v. City of Pico Rivera, supra, 181 Cal.App.4th
1207, the appellate court held that the city’s anti-SLAPP motion should be denied in an
action seeking declaratory relief to invalidate a city contract as not complying with
municipal laws requiring competitive bidding. The court said, “We conclude that, even if
plaintiff’s claims involve a public issue, they are not based on any statement, writing, or
conduct by the city in furtherance of its right of free speech or its right to petition the
government for the redress of grievances. Rather, plaintiff’s claims are based on state
and municipal laws requiring the city to award certain contracts through competitive
bidding.” (Id. at p. 1211.) Thus, the plaintiff’s suit to enforce the competitive bidding
laws fell outside the ambit of the anti-SLAPP statute. (Id. at p. 1225.)
       Likewise, in San Ramon Valley Fire Protection Dist. v. Contra Costa County
Employees’ Retirement Assn. (2004) 125 Cal.App.4th 343, 355, the appellate court
affirmed the denial of an anti-SLAPP motion in an action challenging a public agency’s
determination of retirement benefits. The court stated, “there is nothing about [the
agency’s] decision, qua governmental action, that implicates the exercise of free speech
or petition.” (Id. at p. 355.) The court added that the agency “was not sued based on the
content of speech it has promulgated or supported, nor on its exercise of a right to
petition. The action challenged consists of charging the District more for certain pension
contributions than the District believes is appropriate. This is not governmental action
which is speech-related.” (Id. at p. 357.)
       Similarly here, the declaratory relief sought in the second cause of action is not
based on any statement, writing, or conduct in furtherance of the state defendants’ right
of petition or free speech. Indeed, “Actions to enforce, interpret or invalidate

                                              13
governmental laws generally are not subject to being stricken under the anti-SLAPP
statute. If they were, efforts to challenge governmental action would be burdened
significantly.” (USA Waste of California, Inc. v. City of Irwindale (2010) 184
Cal.App.4th 53, 65.)
       D. The Third Cause of Action
       The TAC also seeks declaratory relief against the state defendants in the third
cause of action. However, the trial court’s order on the anti-SLAPP motion makes no
mention of this cause of action. The parties offer their own interpretations of how the
trial court intended to rule. But neither the written order nor the hearing on the anti-
SLAPP motion provide any guidance, and we are not willing to speculate as to how the
trial court intended to rule. As the parties moving to strike the TAC, defendants were
obligated to obtain a complete ruling on their motion. There is no indication in the record
on appeal that defendants sought reconsideration of the order on the ground that the trial
court did not rule on the third cause of action. Because there was no ruling by the trial
court on this cause of action, there is nothing for us to review. (See, e.g., People v.
Wilson (2008) 44 Cal.4th 758, 798–799; People v. Samayoa (1997) 15 Cal.4th 795, 827–
828.) Accordingly, we treat this cause of action as still viable.
       E. The Sixth Cause of Action
       The sixth cause of action alleges that Lukin violated Business and Professions
Code section 17200 by using his government position to benefit his private company.
Like the first cause of action against Lukin, the thrust of the sixth cause of action is
Lukin’s conflict of interest to the benefit of his own company, and not any protected
rights to petition or free speech.7

7       Because we conclude that defendants did not satisfy their burden with respect to
the first step of the anti-SLAPP analysis, we do not consider whether KIPP met its burden
of demonstrating it was likely to prevail on the merits of its claims. (Graffiti Protective
Coatings, Inc. v. City of Pico Rivera, supra, 181 Cal.App.4th at p. 1225.) Accordingly,
we deny KIPP’s request to take judicial notice of a related case, as the noticed matter is
not relevant to the first prong of the anti-SLAPP analysis.

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IV. Attorney Fees
       Because we reverse the order granting the anti-SLAPP motion as to the state
defendants on the first cause of action, having found such ruling void, we reverse the
award of attorney fees to the state defendants, since this was the only cause of action on
which the ruling on the anti-SLAPP motion was in the state defendants’ favor.
       We deny KIPP’s request for an award of attorney fees under section 425.16,
subdivision (c) on the ground that the anti-SLAPP motion was frivolous. KIPP did not
request attorney fees in the trial court, and therefore has forfeited the right to do so now.
                                      DISPOSITION
       The portion of the order on the anti-SLAPP motion granting the motion as to the
state defendants on the first cause of action and awarding the state defendants attorney
fees is reversed. In all other respects, the order on the anti-SLAPP motion is affirmed.
The parties to bear their own costs on appeal.
       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS.

                                           ___________________________, Acting P. J.
                                                 ASHMANN-GERST

We concur:

______________________________, J.
           CHAVEZ

____________________________, J.*
           FERNS

*       Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to
article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.

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