Court Opinion

ID: 3213309
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-06-15 15:03:27.316341+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:09:32.885713
License: Public Domain

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
                      MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED

                                             IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL

                                             OF FLORIDA

                                             SECOND DISTRICT

FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE                    )
ASSOCIATION,                                 )
                                             )
             Appellant,                      )
                                             )
v.                                           )            Case No. 2D14-5165
                                             )
CHARLES A. MORTON, LATASHA A.                )
MORTON, CHASE BANK USA N.A.,                 )
VALENCIA PARK HOMEOWNERS'                    )
ASSOCIATION, INC,                            )
                                             )
           Appellees.                        )
________________________________             )

Opinion filed June 15, 2016.

Appeal from the Circuit Court for Pinellas
County; Ray E. Ulmer, Jr., Judge.

Mary P. Stella, Daniel Stein and David
Rosenberg of Popkin & Rosaler, P.A.,
Deerfield Beach, for Appellant.

Mark P. Stopa of Stopa Law Firm, Tampa,
for Appellee Latasha A. Morton.

No appearance for remaining Appellees.

SALARIO, Judge.
              Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) appeals from a final

order dismissing this foreclosure action based on its alleged failure to comply with the

notice requirements of paragraph twenty-two of the mortgage. We reverse and remand

for further proceedings in light of the substantial compliance standard applicable to

paragraph twenty-two questions that we announced in Green Tree Servicing, LLC v.

Milam, 177 So. 3d 7, 13 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015).

              Fannie Mae commenced this suit by filing a foreclosure complaint against

Charles and Latasha Morton alleging that they failed to make monthly payments on their

note and mortgage. Ms. Morton filed an answer alleging that Fannie Mae failed to

comply with paragraph twenty-two of the mortgage.1 Paragraph twenty-two is a

standard term of residential mortgages requiring that the lender provide the borrower

with thirty days' written notice of certain matters before accelerating the debt or filing a

foreclosure action. There is no dispute in this case that a notice letter was timely sent;

the dispute appears to be whether that letter actually did what paragraph twenty-two

requires.

               The case was called for a nonjury trial on October 3, 2014. Because the

notice requirement of paragraph twenty-two is a condition precedent to foreclosure, a

determination that Fannie Mae failed to satisfy it would have disposed of the case. See

Konsulian v. Busey Bank, N.A., 61 So. 3d 1283, 1285 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011). Before they

presented any evidence, and in order to avoid a potentially unnecessary trial when there

was a question about the satisfaction of that condition, the parties stipulated to having

              1
               Both Mr. and Ms. Morton were parties to the note and mortgage and
listed as defendants in the action. It appears that of the two, however, Ms. Morton was
the only party to participate below and on appeal.
                                             -2-
the trial court decide the sufficiency of the content of the notice letter by way of a

defense motion for involuntary dismissal at the beginning of trial. The parties

proceeded on the basis that the trial court could resolve any issues related to the

content of the notice letter by comparing the text of that letter to the text of paragraph

twenty-two and determining whether the letter said what paragraph twenty-two required

it to say.

              Ms. Morton argued that Fannie Mae's letter violated paragraph twenty-two

because it failed to specify the type of payment Fannie Mae believed the Mortons failed

to make—e.g., principal, interest, taxes, or insurance—failed to specify the action

required to cure the alleged default, failed to state that nonpayment could result in

foreclosure by judicial proceeding, and failed to state that the Mortons could assert the

nonexistence of a default as a defense to a judicial foreclosure proceeding. The trial

court agreed with Ms. Morton on all grounds, held that the letter failed to comply with

paragraph twenty-two, and dismissed the action without prejudice.

              At the time, neither the parties nor the trial court had the benefit of our

decision in Green Tree, which held that a notice letter should be evaluated for

substantial rather than strict compliance with the requirements of paragraph twenty-two.
177 So. 3d at 13. Under that test, "when the content of a lender's notice letter is nearly

equivalent to or varies in only immaterial respects from what the mortgage requires, the

letter substantially complies, and a minor variation from the terms of paragraph twenty-

two should not preclude a foreclosure action." Id. at 14-15. It is only when "the lender's

notice letter varies from paragraph twenty-two in a way that goes to the essence of the

parties' bargain" that an alleged defect in a notice letter should forestall a subsequent

                                             -3-
foreclosure action. Id. at 15; see also Lopez v. JPMorgan Chase Bank Nat'l Ass'n, 41

Fla. L. Weekly D595, D596 (Fla. 4th DCA Mar. 9, 2016) (adopting substantial

compliance standard and holding that language regarding the rights of the borrower to

assert defenses in a court action substantially complied with paragraph twenty-two's

requirement that a borrower be notified of the right to assert defenses in a foreclosure

proceeding); Bank of N.Y. Mellon v. Nunez, 180 So. 3d 160, 163 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015)

(adopting substantial compliance standard and holding that notice letter that informed

borrowers, among other things, "(a) that they were in default for failing to make required

payments; [and] (b) of the action required to cure the default—payment of a certain sum

by a certain date," substantially complied).

              The trial court did not apply the substantial compliance standard to the

paragraph twenty-two issue in this case, which calls for reversal of its dismissal order.

See Bank of N.Y. Mellon v. Johnson, 185 So. 3d 594, 597 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016)

(applying substantial compliance standard to determine that a trial court erred by

dismissing a foreclosure for noncompliance with the paragraph twenty-two notice

requirements); Nunez, 180 So. 3d at 163 (reversing and remanding for further

proceedings because the default notice substantially complied with paragraph twenty-

two). In the circumstances presented here, the proper course is to remand for the trial

court to consider the question under the correct legal standard.

              Because paragraph twenty-two in substantial part governs the contents of

a notice letter, the principal fact relevant to a determination of substantial compliance

will ordinarily be the content of the notice letter at issue. For that reason, a comparison

of the text of a notice letter to the requirements of paragraph twenty-two will often be all

                                            -4-
that is necessary to enable a court to determine whether the lender substantially

complied with its requirements. See, e.g., Green Tree, 177 So. 3d at 17-19 (analyzing,

at summary judgment stage, various allegations of noncompliance with paragraph

twenty-two in this way); Nunez, 180 So. 3d at 163. When such a comparison is all that

is necessary to determine the question of substantial compliance, and there are no

issues concerning the authenticity of the notice letter, we can perform that comparison

on appeal as readily as a trial court could as an original matter. See, e.g., U.S. Bank

Nat'l Ass'n v. Busquets, 135 So. 3d 488 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014) (examining the language of

the mortgage and comparing it with the language of the notice letter to determine

compliance and reversing a granted summary judgment where the trial court

erroneously concluded the notice language was deficient).

             Regardless of whether the issue on appeal can be wholly resolved by

comparing the notice letter to paragraph twenty-two, whether a party has substantially

complied with or performed a contract term remains a question of fact. See Ness

Racquet Club, LLC v. Ocean Four 2108, LLC, 88 So. 3d 200, 203 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011);

CDI Contractors, LLC v. Allbrite Elec. Contractors, Inc., 780 So. 2d 963, 965 (Fla. 5th

DCA 2001). There will therefore be cases in which additional facts, beyond the

undisputed language of the notice letter and that can only be presented in the trial court

in accord with the procedural standard applicable to the stage of the proceedings at

which the issue has been raised, will be relevant to determining whether a lender

substantially complied with paragraph twenty-two. At least in part, that appears to be

the case here.

                                           -5-
              Ms. Morton argued in the trial court, and argues again here, that the notice

letter did not specify the kind of payment default the Mortons allegedly committed, i.e.,

whether the default was for missing a monthly payment of principal and interest or some

other payment required under the mortgage—as she asserts paragraph twenty-two

requires. The letter stated, "your loan is in default, arising from the non-payment of the

following amount" and provided a sum due. Additional facts—such as whether the

Mortons actually committed a payment default other than nonpayment of principal and

interest and, if so, whether the sum identified in the notice letter could have been

understood to refer to such other payment default—may inform a determination of

whether any asserted variation from paragraph twenty-two's requirement that the letter

"specify . . . the default" was material or, alternatively, inconsequential. See Green

Tree, 177 So. 3d at 15. In view of our intervening decision in Green Tree, the parties

may wish to present additional evidence and arguments to the trial court on this issue.

              Moreover, on appeal, Ms. Morton presents two "right-for-the-wrong-

reason" grounds for affirmance that are not based on the content of the notice letter and

are instead based on the circumstances under which it was provided to the Mortons.

They assert that the notice letter was not provided by the lender as required by

paragraph twenty-two, but rather was sent by a different entity purporting to act as

servicer for Fannie Mae, and that it was also sent to the wrong address. Whether

Fannie Mae substantially complied with paragraph twenty-two may well hinge on factual

questions such as the relationship between Fannie Mae and the entity sending the letter

                                           -6-
and the correct address of the Mortons.2 This is especially true with respect to the

second issue concerning the address because there is an alleged dispute as to which of

two notice letters—each sent to a different address—was operative for purposes of the

paragraph twenty-two inquiry.

              For these reasons, we reverse the trial court's final order of dismissal and

remand for the trial court to evaluate the paragraph twenty-two issue in accord with our

intervening decision in Green Tree and for such other proceedings as are consistent

with this opinion.

              Reversed and remanded.

VILLANTI, C.J., and LaROSE, J., Concur.

              2
                We note that although Ms. Morton pleaded these matters in her answer,
she did not argue them in her motion for involuntary dismissal. These issues would
thus have to be raised there on remand in order to be resolved. See Robertson v.
State, 829 So. 2d 901, 906-07 (Fla. 2002) (addressing the application of the tipsy
coachman doctrine and approving the refusal to affirm "on an alternative ground not
argued to the trial court, reasoning that 'the record does not reflect an evidentiary basis
sufficient to permit us to make a determination as to whether these defenses are
applicable in the instant case ' " (emphasis omitted) (quoting Dep't of Revenue ex rel.
Rochelle v. Morris, 736 So. 2d 41, 42 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999))).
                                            -7-