Court Opinion

ID: 5121853
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-10-28 18:03:35.849265+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:22:24.756697
License: Public Domain

Filed 10/28/21 P. v. Covarrubias CA5

                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

           IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
                                     FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

    THE PEOPLE,
                                                                                             F081693
           Plaintiff and Respondent,
                                                                              (Super. Ct. No. MCR061948)
                    v.

    PEDRO CAMPOS COVARRUBIAS,                                                             OPINION
           Defendant and Appellant.

                                                   THE COURT*
         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Madera County. Mitchell C.
Rigby, Judge.
         Allan E. Junker, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, Defendant and
Appellant.
         Xavier Becerra, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Michael P. Farrell, Assistant Attorney General, Julie A. Hokans and Jessica C.
Leal, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
                                                        -ooOoo-

*        Before Peña, Acting P. J., Smith, J. and Snauffer, J.
                                    INTRODUCTION
       Appellant Pedro Campos Covarrubias pleaded guilty to three counts of committing
a lewd and lascivious act against a child by means of force, violence, duress, menace and
threat of great bodily harm (Pen. Code, § 288, subd. (b)(1)) in exchange for a prison term
of 24 years. The prosecutor arrived at this term by selecting the middle term of eight
years on all three counts. Following sentencing, the California Department of
Corrections and Rehabilitation sent a letter notifying the superior court that the middle
term of the applicable sentencing triad on one of the convictions—which occurred
between 2009 and 2010—was six years, not eight years. Consistent with the parties’
stipulated sentence, the trial court resentenced Covarrubias to the upper term of eight
years on count 6, and the middle term of eight years on counts 4 and 5.
       On appeal, Covarrubias contends he is entitled to have his sentenced reduced by
two years, resulting in an overall prison sentence of 22 years. Covarrubias did not obtain
a certificate of probable cause from the trial court upon filing his notice of appeal. His
appeal is therefore dismissed.
                                 PROCEDURAL HISTORY
       In a second amended criminal complaint, the Madera County District Attorney
charged Covarrubias with lewd and lascivious act upon a child under 14 years of age
(Pen. Code,1 § 288, subd. (a), counts 1, 3, & 7), oral copulation and/or digital penetration
upon a child under 10 years of age (§ 288.7, subd. (b), count 2), and lewd and lascivious
act against a child by means of force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate
unlawful bodily injury (§ 288, subd. (b)(1), counts 4, 5, & 6).2 As to counts 1, 3, and 7,

1      All undefined statutory citations are to the Penal Code unless otherwise indicated.
2      Count 6 was originally charged as a felony in violation of section 288,
subdivision (a). The charge was amended at the hearing where Covarrubias entered his
guilty plea.

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the complaint further alleged Covarrubias had committed the charged offense against
multiple victims. (§ 667.61, subds. (b) & (e).)
       On July 1, 2019, Covarrubias entered a plea of guilty to counts 4, 5, and 6, a
violation of section 288, subdivision (b)(1)). All other counts and allegations were
dismissed in view of his plea.
       The parties stipulated to a prison term of 24 years. According to the prosecutor,
the midterm sentence on counts 4, 5 and 6 was eight years. Thus, the total sentence
would be 24 years, “That is 8 years on the three counts times three.” Defense counsel
added, “That is correct, Your Honor. I was attempting to negotiate with a cap of 24, but
it ultimately ended up being a stipulated 24.”
       On July 30, 2019, consistent with the parties’ stipulated sentence, Covarrubias was
sentenced to a term of 24 years in state prison.
       On June 11, 2020, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
(CDCR) sent the Madera County Superior Court a letter concerning Covarrubias’s
sentence. According to CDCR, the middle term for Covarrubias’s conviction on count 6
was six years, not eight years, based upon the applicable sentencing triad from the year
the crime had been committed. Counts 4 and 5 were based upon crimes occurring
between 2017 and 2018, whereas count 6 was based upon a crime that occurred between
2009 and 2010.
       On July, 23, 2020, at a hearing regarding CDCR’s letter, the prosecutor
represented that the stipulated term was 24 years in state prison. The trial court set the
matter over one week to permit defense counsel to review Covarrubias’s plea form.
       On August 31, 2020, the parties discussed resentencing. Consistent with the
parties’ stipulated sentence of 24 years, the prosecutor argued Covarrubias should be
resentenced to the upper term of eight years on count 6. During her argument, the
prosecutor referenced an email to Covarrubias’s prior defense attorney stating the offer
“is … 24 years.” There was no agreement between the parties that Covarrubias would

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receive the “middle term” on counts 4, 5, and 6. Defense counsel argued Covarrubias
should receive the middle term of six years on count 6, reducing his sentence to a term of
22 years.
       The trial court resentenced Covarrubias to the middle term of eight years on
counts 4 and 5, and the upper term of eight years on count 6. The sentence on each count
was imposed consecutively. Thus, Covarrubias was resentenced to an aggregate term of
24 years in state prison.
       On September 4, 2020, Covarrubias filed a timely notice of appeal.
                                  FACTUAL HISTORY
       We dispense with the facts of Covarrubias’s crimes as they are unnecessary to
resolve this appeal.
                                        ANALYSIS
       Covarrubias contends the People agreed to the midterm sentence for each of his
three convictions, and as a result, the trial court was required to resentence him to the
middle term of six years on count 6. The People argue that Covarrubias’s claim is barred
by his failure to obtain a certificate of probable cause, and in any event, his claim lacks
merit because the parties stipulated to a prison term of 24 years. We conclude
Covarrubias’s claim is barred by his failure to seek a certificate of probable cause.
       It is undisputed that Covarrubias failed to request a certificate of probable cause
from the trial court below. Pursuant to section 1237.5, “[n]o appeal shall be taken” from
a judgment of conviction obtained by plea of guilty or no contest unless the defendant has
filed a written statement of cognizable grounds for the appeal—grounds “going to the
legality of the proceedings”—and the trial court has certified the existence of probable
cause for appeal. The purpose of section 1237.5 is “to weed out frivolous and vexatious
appeals from pleas of guilty or no contest, before clerical and judicial resources are
wasted.” (People v. Buttram (2003) 30 Cal.4th 773, 790.)

                                              4.
       “[A] certificate of probable cause is required if the challenge goes to an aspect of
the sentence to which the defendant agreed as an integral part of a plea agreement.”
(People v. Johnson (2009) 47 Cal.4th 668, 678.) When the parties agree to a
specific sentence, a defendant seeking to reduce that sentence is necessarily challenging
the validity of the plea itself. Thus, such a challenge requires a certificate of probable
cause. (People v. Stamps (2020) 9 Cal.5th 685, 694; People v. Panizzon (1996) 13
Cal.4th 68, 79 [“a challenge to a negotiated sentence imposed as part of a plea bargain is
properly viewed as a challenge to the validity of the plea itself”].) On the other hand, a
certificate of probable cause is not required to challenge the trial court’s exercise of its
sentencing discretion where the plea agreement does not specify a particular sentence.
(See People v. Buttram, supra, 30 Cal.4th at pp. 790-791.)
       Here, Covarrubias negotiated a prison sentence of 24 years. Thus, there was no
exercise of discretion by the court. Covarrubias is in substance attacking an integral part
of the plea, which is a challenge to the validity of the plea. (People v. Johnson, supra, 47
Cal.4th at pp. 678-679.) Consequently, the instant appeal is subject to the certificate
requirements under section 1237.5. (People v. Stamps, supra, 9 Cal.5th at p. 694.)
Because Covarrubias failed to obtain a certificate of probable cause, his claim is
procedurally barred and his appeal must be dismissed.
       Covarrubias attempts to circumvent section 1237.5’s certificate requirement by
arguing that he negotiated the middle term sentence on each count, rather than an overall
prison sentence of 24 years. As a result, he contends he is not seeking to attack his plea;
he is only attempting to enforce the sentence he was promised. His assertion is belied by
the record.
       When the trial court recited the terms of the parties’ agreement, Covarrubias
affirmatively acknowledged that he would receive a prison sentence of 24 years as a
result of his plea. At resentencing, the trial court selected the upper term on count 6 to
achieve a total prison term of 24 years. This is the prison sentence Covarrubias had

                                              5.
bargained for in exchange for the dismissal of other charges by the prosecutor. The trial
court merely reconfigured the method by which this prison term was achieved by
selecting the upper term of eight years on count 6, thus, giving the parties the benefit of
their bargain.
       Contrary to Covarrubias’s assertion, the trial court did not err by resentencing him
to the exact prison term he had bargained for. To conclude otherwise would require us to
make conclusions contrary to what the parties had intended when they entered into their
plea agreement, as demonstrated by the record. It would also permit Covarrubias to
“ ‘ “to whittle down the sentence ‘but otherwise leave the plea bargain intact.’ ” ’ ”
(People v. Stamps, supra, 9 Cal.5th at p. 706.) As Covarrubias fails to direct this court to
legal authority which would support such a result, we conclude his claim is procedurally
barred, and even if it were not, it is meritless.
                                       DISPOSITION
       The appeal is dismissed.

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