Court Opinion

ID: 2715337
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-08-06 17:21:15.911056+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:34:23.173460
License: Public Domain

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     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                                     DIVISION ONE

STATE OF WASHINGTON,                              No. 69906-7-1
                                                 consolidated with
              Respondent,                        No. 69907-5-1

              v.

RODNEY LOUIS GARROTT,                             UNPUBLISHED OPINION

              Appellant.                          FILED: April 21, 2014

       Verellen, J. — Subsequent convictions are properly included in a defendant's

offender score upon resentencing. Rodney Garrott was entitled to be resentenced after

a prior conviction was reversed on appeal, but the trial court did not err by including

subsequent convictions in his offender score at his 2013 resentencing. We affirm.

                                          FACTS

       In May 2004, Garrott pleaded guilty to two counts of residential burglary and one

count of second degree possessing stolen property (the May 2004 convictions). His

offender score at sentencing included prior convictions for residential burglary and first

degree trafficking in stolen property. The trial court calculated his offender score at 7

with a standard range of 43 to 57 months and imposed a sentence of 50 months.

       In May 2005, this court reversed his prior convictions and, on remand, Garrott

pleaded guilty to one count of residential burglary as part of a plea bargain dropping the

trafficking charge.
No. 69906-7-1/2

       In 2006, the trial court entered judgment and sentence against Garrott on two

subsequent, unrelated counts of residential burglary.

       In August 2011, Garrott filed a personal restraint petition in the Washington

Supreme Court, arguing that the judgments and sentences on the May 2004 convictions

were facially invalid because they included the now reversed prior convictions in the

offender score. He asked that the court remand for resentencing at a lower offender

score. The State conceded that the convictions were facially invalid, but argued that his

offender score at resentencing would likely be significantly higher because his 2006

convictions would be included. The Supreme Court commissioner invited supplemental

briefing from Garrott, stating "I am not persuaded Mr. Garrott fully appreciates the peril

underlying his request for resentencing."1

      The Supreme Court considered Garrott's supplemental brief, granted his

personal restraint petition, and remanded to the trial court for resentencing on the May

2004 convictions. At resentencing, the trial court calculated his offender score as 16,

including Garrott's 2006 subsequent convictions and five previously undisclosed but

subsequently discovered 1999 convictions from Illinois. Given his offender score, the

standard range was 63 to 84 months, and the trial court sentenced him to 63 months.

      Garrott appeals.

                                      DISCUSSION

                             Offender Score at Resentencing

      Garrott argues that the State had a duty to promptly resentence him on the May

2004 convictions and that its failure to do so violated due process and fundamental

        Clerk's Papers at 164.
No. 69906-7-1/3

fairness because the 2013 resentencing resulted in a higher offender score and

sentence. We disagree.

       Garrott cites no authority for his proposition that the State had a duty to promptly

resentence him on the May 2004 convictions after the prior convictions were reversed in

2005. To the extent Garrott alludes to speedy sentencing case law, he provides no

authority that such standards apply to this resentencing after prior convictions were

reversed on appeal.2 Therefore, we do not consider these arguments.3

       Alternatively, Garrott argues that the trial court erred by including the intervening

convictions in his offender score. Garrott acknowledges that State v. Collicott recites

that there is no prohibition against using the defendant's subsequent convictions in

recalculating the standard range on resentencing.4 But he argues that State v. Whitaker

is more analogous and requires that the subsequent convictions not be included in his

offender score.5

       In Whitaker. the analysis turned on whether the defendant's "date of sentencing"

was the date of his original probation hearing or a later hearing revoking his probation.6

       2 See generally Susan L. Thomas, Annotation, When Does Delay in Imposing
Sentence Violate Speedy Trial Provision, 86 A.L.R. 4th 340 (1991).
      3 State v. Young. 89 Wash. 2d 613, 625, 574 P.2d 1171 (1978) (where no authority
is cited, we may assume counsel found none after a search) (quoting DeHeer v. Seattle
Post-Intelligencer. 60 Wash. 2d 122, 126, 372 P.2d 193 (1962)).
      4 118 Wash. 2d 649, 827 P.2d 263 (1992).
      5112Wn.2d341,771 P.2d 332 (1989).
       6 Whitaker. 112 Wash. 2d at 344. Whitaker was convicted before the legislature
enacted the Sentencing Reform Act of 1981, which provides for community custody
instead of probation. Jd. at 342.
No. 69906-7-1/4

Garrott's sentences do not involve probation or revocation of probation, so Whitaker is

not on point.

       Rather, this case is more analogous to Collicott. There, Collicott pleaded guilty in

1985 to burglary, rape, and kidnapping.7 In 1986, after sentencing for the 1985

convictions, Collicott again pleaded guilty to another burglary charge.8 In 1992, Collicott

successfully appealed the 1985 convictions, and the Supreme Court held that on

remand, the 1986 burglary conviction could be included when calculating Collicott's

offender score at resentencing for the 1985 crimes.9 In doing so, the court

distinguished Whitaker because there was no probation or revocation of probation at

issue.10

       Garrott argues that the portion of Collicott that speaks to offender scores is dicta

and has no precedential value. But even if dicta, State v. Shilling stands for the same

proposition.11 In Schilling, this court held that an "offender score includes all prior

convictions (as defined by RCW 9.94A.030(9)) existing at the time of that particular

sentencing, without regard to when the underlying incidents occurred, the chronological

relationship among the convictions, or the sentencing or resentencing chronology."12

Garrott makes no attempt to distinguish Shilling.

       7 Collicott. 118 Wash. 2d at 650.
       8 ]d, at 653.
       9 Id, at 664-65.
       10 Id, at 665.
       11 77 Wash. App. 166, 889 P.2d 948 (1995).
       12 Id. at 175.
No. 69906-7-1/5

       Because Collicott and Shilling both support the inclusion of Garrott's Illinois

convictions and subsequent convictions in his offender score at resentencing, the trial

court did not err.

                             Statement of Additional Grounds

       Garrott raises several additional grounds for review, but most are premised on

his claim that the State was required to promptly resentence him.13 For the reasons

outlined above, this argument fails.

       Garrott relies on State v. Ellis14 and State v. Modest15 to support his argument

that he was entitled to a speedy resentencing. But neither is applicable here. In Ellis,

this court held that the defendant was entitled to a dismissal of charges against him

where there was a 23-month delay in sentencing.16 In Modest, this court held that,

although presumptively prejudicial, a two-year delay between the mandate after appeal

and resentencing did not require dismissal of the charges because the defendant was

not actually prejudiced by the delay.17 These cases have no application here because

Garrott did not appeal his May 2004 convictions and sentencing on those convictions

was never delayed.

       13 In his statement of additional grounds for review, Garrott quotes authority
holding that a defendant has no duty to bring himself to trial or to be sentenced. But this
authority does not address whether the State has an affirmative duty to resentence a
defendant under these circumstances. Therefore, it is not persuasive.
       14 76 Wash. App. 391, 885 P.2d 1360 (1994).
       15 106 Wash. App. 660, 24 P.3d 1116 (2001).
       16 Ellis, 76 Wash. App. at 395.
       17 Modest. 106 Wash. App. at 665.
No. 69906-7-1/6

       Garrott also argues that the trial court erred in failing to address his motion for

relief from judgment or order. But he failed to designate this motion or the trial court's

order as part of the record on appeal. Therefore, the record is inadequate to permit our

review of this issue.18

       Finally, Garrott has moved to modify the court administrator's ruling that he may

not file a pro se reply brief. Because he is represented by counsel on appeal, his

proposed reply brief seeks to add new assignments of error on appeal and he has filed

a statement of additional grounds on appeal, we deny his motion.19

       We affirm the trial court.

WE CONCUR:

 JAtcrt^+.CjJ*

         18 State v. Vazguez. 66 Wash. App. 573, 583, 832 P.2d 883 (1992) (a party seeking
review has the burden of perfecting the record so that the reviewing court has before it
all of the evidence relevant to the issues raised on appeal); State v. Wheaton, 121
Wash. 2d 347, 365, 850 P.2d 507 (1993) (where the record is inadequate for review of an
issue, an appellate court will not reach the issue).
       19 Other than a statement of additional grounds for review under RAP 10.10,
there is "no other rule of appellate procedure that authorizes the filing of any other
pleading or correspondence directly with the appellate court when, as in this case, the
appellant is represented by counsel." State v. Romero, 95 Wash. App. 323, 327, 975 P.2d
564(1999).