Court Opinion

ID: 9929392
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-02 16:07:29.978429+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:07:07.301142
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

                                              No. 126,106

                                In the Matter of RICHARD K. DAVIS,
                                            Respondent.

                          ORIGINAL PROCEEDING IN DISCIPLINE

        Original proceeding in discipline. Oral argument held December 15, 2023. Opinion filed
February 2, 2024. Published censure.

        Matthew J. Vogelsberg, Chief Deputy Disciplinary Administrator, argued the cause, and Gayle B.
Larkin, Disciplinary Administrator, was with him on the briefs for the petitioner.

        Richard K. Davis, respondent, argued the cause and was on the brief pro se.

        PER CURIAM: This is an attorney discipline proceeding against Richard K. Davis,
of Lee's Summit, Missouri. Davis received his license to practice law in Kansas in April
2013. Davis also is a licensed attorney in Missouri, admitted in 2016.

        On February 25, 2022, the Office of the Disciplinary Administrator (ODA) filed a
formal complaint against Davis alleging violations of the Kansas Rules of Professional
Conduct (KRPC) related to (1) a complaint filed by Julie Ragsdale, a court reporter who
alleged Davis hired her to appear for and transcribe a deposition; (2) a complaint filed by
T.R., whose wages were mistakenly garnished by Davis; and (3) a complaint filed by
Sedgwick County District Court Judge Eric Commer regarding Davis' conduct at a
hearing over which Judge Commer presided. A panel of the Kansas Board for Discipline

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of Attorneys held a hearing on December 8, 2022, and issued a final hearing report two
months later.

         In the Ragsdale complaint, the panel concluded Davis violated

         • KRPC 1.15(a) (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 372) (safekeeping property);
         • KRPC 3.1 (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 390) (meritorious claim in good faith);
         • KRPC 4.1(a) (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 403) (truthfulness in statements to others);
         • KRPC 4.4(a) (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 406) (respect for rights of third persons);
         • KRPC 8.1(a) (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 432) (false statement in disciplinary
            matters); and
         • KRPC 8.4(c) (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 434) (dishonest conduct).

         In the Judge Commer complaint, the panel concluded Davis violated

         • KRPC 3.5(d) (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 396) (conduct degrading to tribunal); and
         • KRPC 8.2(a) (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 432) (false statement about judge's
            integrity).

         In the T.R. complaint, the panel concluded clear and convincing evidence did not
support a finding that Davis violated any rules of professional conduct.

         The panel set forth its factual findings, legal conclusions, and recommended
discipline in a final hearing report. The relevant portions of that report are set forth
below.

                                               2
                                     "Findings of Fact

        ....

        "28.    During all relevant time periods up until March 13, 2020, the respondent
dealt with significant health conditions relating to his heart and on March 13, 2020,
underwent heart transplant surgery. Before and after the heart transplant, the respondent
was prescribed numerous medications, including steroids and anti-rejection drugs. The
respondent's heart condition and medications had a substantial effect on him, such as
feelings of weakness, effects on his temperament, confusion, and drowsiness. The
medications taken by the respondent also have many other potential serious side effects,
including ones that can affect temperament, mental processing, emotional health,
behavior, and physical wellbeing.

                                    "Case No. DA13,141

        "29.    Attorney Lynn Russell scheduled a deposition of the respondent's client,
L.Y., for January 8, 2018. The deposition was for a lawsuit between L.Y.'s business and
C.H. C.H. was represented by Ms. Russell.

        "30.    Ms. Russell had arranged for the services of court reporter Julie Ragsdale
of Ragsdale Court Reporting, LLC. Ms. Ragsdale, in turn, arranged for TBC Video to
provide videographer services.

        "31.    Prior to January 8, 2018, the respondent had not participated in a
deposition and had not been responsible for paying court reporter costs for a deposition.

        "32.    In 2018, the respondent was a solo practitioner with no billing staff. The
respondent handled all billing, accounting, and management of his firm at that time.

                                             3
        "33.    The January 8, 2018, deposition took place at 1:30 p.m. at the
respondent's office. After Ms. Russell concluded deposing L.Y., the respondent asked
Ms. Ragsdale if she and the videographer would stay as late as 5:30 p.m. so that the
respondent could depose Ms. Russell's client, C.H. Ms. Ragsdale and the videographer
agreed to stay, and the respondent deposed C.H. until just prior to 6:00 p.m.

        "34.    Ms. Ragsdale completed transcription of the depositions. On January 18,
2018, Ms. Ragsdale emailed the respondent an itemized invoice for $714.70. This
included an attendance charge of $37.50, which was half of the total amount of the
$75.00 attendance fee. Ms. Ragsdale told the respondent that the transcripts would be
sent to him once she received payment.

        "35.    On January 23, 2018, TBC Video mailed an invoice to the respondent for
the videographer services in the amount of $591.43.

        "36.    On February 8, 2018, Ms. Ragsdale emailed the respondent again noting
that she was 'leaving town for a few days and wondered if [the respondent] could get this
invoice taken care of?' Ms. Ragsdale indicated she had the transcripts prepared and ready
to send to the respondent.

        "37.    A few minutes later, the respondent responded by email stating:

                'I am waiting for payment from my client as we didn't have any
                remaining retainer on this case. She has been a good payer so I
                hope to have it soon. Also, the case has settled so we do not need
                the transcript copies any longer. Therefore, you are welcome to
                shred or otherwise trash those.'

        "38.    On February 26, 2018, Ms. Ragsdale had not received payment on the
invoice, so she emailed the respondent, stating: 'What is the status of my $714.70

                                             4
invoice?' The respondent responded by email a few hours later, stating: 'I am expecting
payment from my client soon. As soon as I have it, I will forward the same to you.'

        "39.    On February 27, 2018, the respondent sent an email to his client, L.Y.,
advising her of the status of the case and attaching a final invoice for legal fees L.Y. owed
the respondent. The respondent wrote:

                'I have attached your final invoice to this email. Unfortunately, it
                includes the costs of mediation and depositions that I wish we
                could have avoided if [C.H.] (and/or his attorney) had wised up
                sooner. For your reference, I have submitted payment to the
                mediator on your behalf already. I have not paid the deposition
                fees and will do so once I receive your payment.'

        "40.    The final invoice attached to the email was dated February 27, 2018, and
states a total amount due to respondent as $2,814.70. The invoice was itemized and
included an expense of $714.70 for 'Deposition Transcripts,' but did not include a charge
for the TBC Video videographer services.

        "41.    The respondent never billed L.Y. for TBC Video's invoice.

        "42.    The respondent testified that he would have had to personally type or
select 'Deposition Transcripts' from a drop-down menu in his billing software for it to
show on the invoice in this manner.

        "43.    L.Y. sent a check dated March 7, 2018, to respondent for $2,814.70. The
respondent deposited this check into his firm's operating account on March 15, 2018.

        "44.    Around March 19, 2018, Ms. Ragsdale spoke with the respondent on the
phone. During this call, the respondent told her that he had received funds from his client
and that the respondent had placed a check in the mail to Ms. Ragsdale.

                                             5
        "45.    The respondent had not placed a check in the mail to Ms. Ragsdale by
the time of this phone call. In fact, the respondent did not provide any payment to Ms.
Ragsdale until August 2018, when the respondent paid a small claims court judgment
entered against him.

        "46.    The respondent testified that his reference during the call to a payment
was only for Ms. Ragsdale's $37.50 appearance fee. Further, the respondent stated that he
used the term 'the check is in the mail' as a turn of phrase that did not necessarily mean
that the check had actually been placed in the mail to Ms. Ragsdale but that the
respondent intended to send it. The respondent acknowledged that he had not placed a
$37.50 check in the mail to Ms. Ragsdale.

        "47.    By April 3, 2018, Ms. Ragsdale emailed the respondent, stating: 'When
we spoke over the phone last week, you said you thought the check was mailed a week
ago Friday and I still have not received it. Can you check on it for me, please.' Ms.
Ragsdale never received a response from the respondent.

        "48.    On April 26, 2018, Ms. Ragsdale emailed the respondent another copy of
her invoice for $714.70 as well as a copy of a small claims petition. In the email, Ms.
Ragsdale told the respondent that if she did not receive payment within seven days, she
would file the small claims petition and file a bar complaint. She recounted that four
weeks prior, the respondent told her that his client provided the funds to pay her and that
he had mailed a check to her. Ms. Ragsdale also stated her belief that the respondent was
dishonest about having mailed the payment.

        "49.    The respondent responded shortly thereafter by email, stating: 'We have
no contract or agreement. We had no discussions prior to the deposition. I never agreed to
your rates or charges. There is no contract or agreement between us, and you would be
committing perjury if you file the petition that you provided below.'

                                             6
        "50.    On May 17, 2018, Ms. Ragsdale filed a small claims petition in Johnson
County District Court, case number 18-SC-00210. Ms. Ragsdale and the respondent
appeared for trial on July 9, 2018, presided over by Judge Robert Scott. At the trial, the
respondent stated that because the deposition was originally scheduled by opposing
counsel, he did not owe Ms. Ragsdale the one-half appearance fee ($37.50). Further, the
respondent stated that he did not owe Ms. Ragsdale for the transcripts or any other fees.

        "51.    At that hearing, the respondent stated:

                '[Ms. Ragsdale] is trying to receive payment for something that
                was never delivered and never provided. It is not right to charge
                my client that fee and it is not right for me to pay it out of my
                pocket because, again, nothing was provided. Had we needed a
                transcript, I would have gladly paid for it because, again, that
                would have been then paying for something being provided.'

        "52.    Ms. Ragsdale testified that the respondent asked Ms. Ragsdale and the
videographer to stay later until 5:30 p.m. so that the respondent could depose C.H. The
respondent agreed that he had both defended and taken a deposition that day.

        "53.    Judge Scott found in favor of Ms. Ragsdale and entered judgment against
the respondent for $714.70 plus interest. The court stated:

                'I do know how depositions are ordered, I do know how
                depositions are paid for, and I find [the respondent's] actions to
                be abhorrent, unethical. And if [Ms. Ragsdale] doesn't file a
                complaint with the disciplinary committee, I am going to.'

        "54.    Further, Judge Scott stated:

                'If you take a deposition and you tell someone you want them to
                perform services, they have completed the contract . . . [t]hat is

                                               7
                 basic contract law . . . . If you ask someone to do a job for you,
                 then they have—it is a quantum meruit. And she performed her
                 services for you.'

        "55.     The respondent told Judge Scott that although he disagreed with the
Court's decision, he would self-report the matter to the disciplinary administrator's office.

        "56.     The respondent testified at the formal hearing that he now knows that the
court's ruling was correct and he chose this defense in the small claims matter due to his
inexperience with depositions and how they are billed.

        "57.     On his way home from the trial, the respondent called then Disciplinary
Administrator Stan Hazlett to notify him of the matter.

        "58.     The respondent paid $848.73 to Ms. Ragsdale and Ms. Ragsdale
subsequently filed a satisfaction of judgment with the small claims court.

        "59.     The disciplinary administrator's office also received a complaint from
Ms. Ragsdale.

        "60.     In his response to Ms. Ragsdale's complaint, the respondent stated that he
never requested the transcripts from Ms. Ragsdale, so he believed that he did not owe any
money for the transcripts. The respondent did, however, state that he owed Ms. Ragsdale
the $37.50 appearance fee.

        "61.     The respondent further claimed in his response that after his spring 2018
phone call with Ms. Ragsdale, he 'had submitted a check for the half of the appearance
fee that was apparently not received by Ms. Ragsdale.' However, the respondent had not
mailed a check to Ms. Ragsdale. The only payment the respondent provided her was the
$848.73 check to pay the small claims judgment in late summer 2018.

                                              8
        "62.    During an interview with the disciplinary investigator, on August 23,
2018, the respondent again stated that he sent a check for the appearance fee to Ms.
Ragsdale.

        "63.    On July 31, 2020, Mr. Hazlett requested a copy of any cover letter that
the respondent mailed with the appearance fee check to Ms. Ragsdale as well as the
respondent's trust account ledger showing an entry for the check he wrote and a deposit
slip for client funds deposited to fund the check.

        "64.    Later that same day, the respondent replied by email, stating:

                'As far as Ms. Ragsdale, the client in question did not have a
                retainer or trust balance and was billed monthly. As such, she
                never had funds in trust. The original check to Ms. Ragsdale (for
                the appearance fee) came directly from the client and was
                forwarded to her, so no funds were cycled through trust (or any
                other account). I prefer to do this when I can as it is simpler from
                my perspective. I did not keep a copy of the check or a cover
                letter (which in retrospect I should have and this is something I
                am more meticulous about now). The check that was sent to Ms.
                Ragsdale following the small claims judgment was entirely my
                money and paid from my operating account. I did not ask the
                client to pay for the deposition because her case was closed and I
                had previously told her that less was owed. As such, it would be
                bad business to come back and ask for more money. Therefore, I
                viewed it as a cost I had to eat.'

        "65.    No check for $37.50 was ever requested from L.Y. or sent to Ms.
Ragsdale.

        "66.    During the time the respondent and Mr. Hazlett exchanged emails, the
respondent had just returned to the office following medical leave for a heart transplant.
                                              9
The respondent did not have access to his records from his solo law practice as he was
working with a different law firm. The respondent testified that he responded to Mr.
Hazlett's emails based off his memory as opposed to review of his records for L.Y.'s
matter.

          "67.   In a March 10, 2022, email to Mr. Vogelsberg, the respondent stated that
he had intended to bill L.Y. for the videographer expense for TBC Video instead of Ms.
Ragsdale's deposition transcript expense. The respondent stated that 'up until your
complaint that's what I thought I had done.'

          "68.   Despite receiving payment from L.Y. and depositing that payment into
his operating account on March 15, 2018, and despite his assertion that he meant instead
to bill L.Y. for the videography services, the respondent did not timely pay TBC Video's
invoice. After several attempts to contact the respondent for payment, TBC Video filed a
small claims petition in Johnson County District Court on July 12, 2018, to collect the
$591.43 owed. The respondent paid TBC Video in late August 2018.

                                   "Case No. DA13,149

          "69.   The respondent was retained by a residential property management
company to collect a judgment against its former tenant, T.R.

          "70.   After receiving some information about T.R. from his client and
conducting a public records search, the respondent determined that a T.R. who worked
for the Spring Hill, Kansas School District was the T.R. obligated to pay the judgment.
The respondent entered his appearance in the case and caused a request for garnishment
to be issued to the school district from T.R.'s earnings.

          "71.   The garnishment was successful and remained in place for four months.
On May 14, 2018, J.R., T.R.'s spouse, contacted the respondent and informed the
respondent that he had garnished the wrong person.

                                               10
          "72.   The T.R. employed by the Spring Hill School District and married to J.R.
had the same first name, middle initial, and last name as the former tenant T.R. who owed
the judgment. The respondent did not have a record of the full middle name of the
judgment debtor.

          "73.   The respondent described J.R.'s contacts as profane, angry, and abusive
and testified that J.R. contacted the respondent numerous times over a short period of
time.

          "74.   The respondent asked J.R. to provide additional information to verify
that his wife was the wrong garnishee. J.R. provided the respondent with a copy of T.R.'s
driver's license. The respondent told J.R. that he would review the information and get
back with him within a few days.

          "75.   The respondent emailed the driver's license image to his client the next
morning and advised his client that his research showed that the date of birth and driver's
license number did not match the information previously provided by the judgment
debtor.

          "76.   The client told the respondent that the signature on the driver's license
was comparable to the judgment debtor's signature. Specifically, the client stated, 'if you
look at the "R" on her check attached and the Driver's License' they are very similar. The
client also stated that T.R.'s occupation matched that of the former tenant. The client
further provided photos of the former tenant who owed the judgment and stated that she
believed the driver's license photo provided by J.R. looked similar to the photos of the
former tenant.

          "77.   The respondent's client requested that the garnishment not be dismissed.

          "78.   The respondent sent a follow up email to his client, advising her that
because there was a possibility the wrong person had been garnished, he proposed that

                                             11
the garnished funds be held in his trust account moving forward and that he send a letter
to J.R. advising him of this.

          "79.   At that point, the respondent stopped disbursing funds obtained from the
garnishment to his client and held them in his trust account.

          "80.   J.R. continued calling the respondent's office multiple times per day
demanding the garnishment stop and the funds garnished be returned to his wife.

          "81.   On May 25, 2018, the respondent sent a letter to J.R., noting that he had
not received any communications from J.R.'s wife, T.R., directly. The respondent further
stated:

                 'I have reviewed the information you provided and public
                 records related to [T.R.] with my client and was unable to
                 conclusively make a determination with regards to your claims.
                 With that being said, we take your claims very seriously and
                 want to ensure that this matter is handled in the most appropriate
                 manner possible. As such, please be advised that we intend to
                 proceed as follows.

                 'The check that was received from the Spring Hill School District
                 subsequent to your inquiry and any other checks received during
                 the below-described period shall be held in trust for the next
                 thirty (30) days so as to provide your wife time to file a motion
                 with the court requesting a determination with regards to the
                 garnishment. If the appropriate motion is filed, we shall continue
                 to hold any additional funds received in trust until such time as
                 the Court makes a ruling at which time funds shall be distributed
                 in accordance with the directions from the Court. If a motion is
                 not filed within the next thirty (30) days, my client shall presume
                 the garnishment order to be valid and all funds held in trust will
                                             12
                 be released to my client. Furthermore, if we receive sufficient
                 information in the interim to make a conclusive determination
                 regarding this matter, we will notify you of the same and release
                 the funds held in trust to your wife.'

        "82.     No motion was filed on T.R.'s behalf with the district court to release the
garnished funds.

        "83.     J.R., through attorney Mark Logan, provided further information to
respondent to help establish that T.R. was not the judgment debtor in the lawsuit.

        "84.     The respondent recognized he may have erred in identifying the correct
garnishee and hired a private investigator, at his own expense, to evaluate whether the
T.R. being garnished was the judgment debtor. The respondent communicated to his
client that the information provided through Mr. Logan and the private investigator's
investigation led the respondent to conclude it was likely that the wrong T.R. had been
garnished and that the correct T.R. worked for Osawatomie State Hospital.

        "85.     The respondent further advised his client that he planned to return the
garnished funds to T.R.

        "86.     On June 15, 2018, the respondent filed a release of garnishment in the
lawsuit, which released the Spring Hill School District garnishment of T.R.'s earnings.
The same day the respondent issued a new garnishment for the T.R. who worked at
Osawatomie State Hospital.

        "87.     On June 25, 2018, the respondent mailed a check to T.R. for the
collected funds to Mr. Logan. Shortly thereafter, the respondent received an email from
Mr. Logan stating he was no longer representing J.R. and T.R. The respondent asked Mr.
Logan if he would still receive the payment on behalf of T.R. Mr. Logan did not respond
to this email.

                                             13
        "88.     J.R. continued to contact the respondent's office demanding immediate
return of the funds. J.R. threatened to file a lawsuit against the respondent and his client.

        "89.     By this point, the respondent had never spoken with or heard directly
from T.R. On June 28, 2018, the respondent emailed J.R. a Settlement and Release
Agreement that the respondent had prepared. The agreement required T.R. to attest that
she was not the proper person whose earnings should be garnished and that she had
authorized J.R. to contact the respondent's office regarding this matter.

        "90.     The respondent stated his primary purpose in creating this document was
to confirm that T.R. was the wrong garnishee, that T.R. was the one who would receive
the funds, and that if it turned out T.R. was the proper garnishee, his client would be able
to reinstitute the garnishment and pursue damages for the misrepresentation.

        "91.     The Settlement and Release Agreement also provided that the return of
the garnished funds to T.R. was contingent upon J.R. and T.R. jointly releasing and
discharging the respondent and his client from all claims arising out of the collection
lawsuit. The agreement also required that the parties keep all negotiations confidential
and to make no disparaging comments about any of the parties. The agreement provided
that if J.R. and T.R. breached the agreement, they would be responsible for paying the
respondent's attorney fees and investigator costs, which totaled $2,150.00 at the time, and
all other damages available to the respondent and his client.

        "92.     Further, in the recitals of the Settlement and Release Agreement, the
respondent included a clause that regarding his own investigation, his hired private
investigator's investigation, and correspondence with his client, J.R., Mr. Logan, and the
school district, 'the results of the review referenced above were inconsistent.' The
respondent testified that he included this clause because there was evidence collected
throughout his investigation that went both ways and although the respondent ultimately
reached the conclusion that he had probably garnished the wrong T.R.'s earnings, that
was based on a preponderance of the evidence standard, not 100% certainty.
                                             14
        "93.    T.R. and J.R. never signed the Settlement and Release Agreement.

        "94.    On July 28, 2018, T.R. filed a complaint with the disciplinary
administrator's office regarding the respondent's conduct. This complaint is the source for
the docketed matter DA13,149.

        "95.    The respondent testified that he asked J.R. and T.R. to sign the
Settlement and Release Agreement in order to protect himself and his client. He said that
J.R. and T.R. were free to negotiate the terms of the agreement. The respondent said he
felt that protecting himself and his client was warranted based on J.R.'s behavior.

        "96.    On November 13, 2018, J.R. sent the respondent a proposed revised
version of the Settlement and Release Agreement, which removed the waiver of claims
against the respondent and his client. The respondent stated that he approved these
changes and asked if there were any other changes 'I missed.'

        "97.    The respondent testified that the reason he held the funds from June 2018
until November 15, 2018, was because J.R. had replied to the respondent's June 28, 2018,
email stating 'I'll get back to you.' The respondent expected a response from J.R.
regarding the Settlement and Release Agreement, which never came. Upon advice of
counsel the respondent kept the funds in his trust account until his counsel directed him
to mail a check for the garnished funds to T.R. on November 15, 2018.

                                   "Case No. DA13,579

        "98.    In October 2015, M.H., Jo.H., and Ja.H. inherited a home located in
Wichita, Kansas, after their mother passed away. The siblings could not agree on what to
do with the home, so the home remained vacant until 2018 when M.H. filed a partition
action in Sedgwick County District Court against Jo.H. and Ja.H. The property was also
subject to a foreclosure matter.

                                            15
          "99.    M.H. was represented by attorney Mark Ayesh. Jo.H. and Ja.H. were
represented by attorney David Morgan. Judge Eric Commer presided over the partition
matter.

          "100.   On July 9, 2020, Judge Commer ordered that the property be listed for
sale under certain specified conditions, including listing the property with one of two real
estate agencies. Mentor Capital, LLC ('Mentor'), a company that purchased and resold
distressed properties in foreclosure, entered into a contract with M.H. to purchase the
property for $90,000.00. Jo.H. and Ja.H. refused to sign the contract. The respondent was
not involved in preparing or negotiating the contract.

          "101.   Mentor hired the respondent after Mentor learned that the property was
involved in probate proceedings. The respondent determined the property was the subject
of the partition action in front of Judge Commer.

          "102.   On August 25, 2020, M.H. filed a motion to compel the sale of the
property to Mentor without the need for Jo.H. and Ja.H. to agree to the transaction. The
respondent entered his appearance in the partition matter on behalf of Mentor as an
interested party that same day.

          "103.   Around this time, Mr. Morgan filed a motion to withdraw as counsel for
Jo.H. and Ja.H.

          "104.   On September 3, 2020, the court held a hearing via WebEx to consider
M.H.'s motion to compel the sale to Mentor. The court first heard Mr. Morgan's motion to
withdraw, which Mr. Morgan indicated was based on a disagreement with his clients over
how to proceed. Judge Commer granted the motion.

          "105.   Judge Commer then heard argument on M.H.'s motion to compel the sale
to Mentor. The respondent appeared at the hearing as an observer on behalf of Mentor
and did not make any arguments regarding the motion to compel. Ja.H., acting pro se,
objected to the sale of the property to Mentor and stated he wished to purchase the
                                            16
property himself. Judge Commer ultimately ruled that the property could be sold to
Mentor according to the contract between M.H. and Mentor.

        "106.    After this hearing, Mentor had a final 'walk through' of the home and
refused to close on the contract with M.H. under its present terms. In an email to Mr.
Ayesh, M.H.'s attorney, the respondent stated that Mentor had discovered severe flooding
in the home's basement, alleging that M.H. did not ensure the sump pumps were turned
on. Respondent communicated that Mentor was still willing to purchase the property for a
reduced price.

        "107.    On September 18, 2020, M.H. filed a second motion to compel the sale
of the property, this time to a company called Northbound, Inc., for $65,000.00. That
same day, the respondent filed a motion for Mentor to intervene in the partition action
and asked the court to deny the motion to compel the sale to Northbound and order the
property instead be sold to Mentor for a reduced price. Mentor had offered $65,000.00,
$68,000.00, and $72,500.00 to purchase the property, all of which were rejected by M.H.

        "108.    On September 21, 2020, Northbound made a cash offer of $80,000.00 to
purchase the property, with a closing date of October 15, 2020.

        "109.    On September 25, 2020, the court held a WebEx hearing on the pending
motions. The respondent appeared and argued on behalf of Mentor as a party seeking to
intervene in the matter. Ultimately, Judge Commer denied Mentor's motion to intervene
and compel the sale of the home to it for $72,500.00. Because the original contract
between M.H. and Mentor had a closing date of September 28, 2020, and was still active,
the court ruled that M.H.'s motion to compel the sale of the property to Northbound was
premature. If the contract with Mentor failed to close by September 28, 2020, the court
ruled that M.H. could request a new hearing on her motion to compel the sale to
Northbound.

                                            17
        "110.    The original contract between Mentor and M.H. failed to close. M.H.'s
motion to compel the sale to Northbound was scheduled for hearing on October 2, 2020,
via WebEx.

        "111.    Just prior to the October 2, 2020, hearing, the respondent filed a limited
entry of appearance on behalf of Ja.H. for the purpose of seeking an order compelling
M.H. to sell the home to Ja.H. for $100,000.00. The respondent also filed a combined
response to M.H.'s motion to compel the sale to Northbound and request to compel the
sale of the property to Ja.H.

        "112.    Attached to Ja.H.'s motion to compel sale to Ja.H. was a proposed
contract, prepared by the respondent, who is also a licensed real estate broker, to
purchase the home for $100,000.00. The contract, dated October 2, 2020, was contingent
on Ja.H. obtaining financing within 45 days. The contract noted Ja.H. was not
preapproved but would apply for financing within 10 days. The proposed contract had a
closing date 'on or before December 30, 2020.'

        "113.    During the October 2, 2020, hearing, Judge Commer questioned whether
the respondent had a potential conflict of interest, considering the respondent had
previously represented Mentor and now represented Ja.H. The respondent stated that
Mentor was no longer interested in purchasing the property and was not a party to the
action since its motion to intervene was denied. The respondent argued that Mentor's
interests were not in conflict with Ja.H. The respondent told the court that both Mentor
and Ja.H. had been informed of the potential conflict and had each signed written conflict
waivers.

        "114.    Judge Commer testified during the formal hearing that his concern about
a conflict was based on the potential that the siblings may have a claim against Mentor
for failing to close on the contract to purchase the property for $90,000.00. By later
representing Ja.H. in his offer for more than $90,000.00, the respondent could negate any
claims the siblings might have against Mentor. Judge Commer further explained, 'the
argument could be made by Mentor Capital that, well, you really don't have any damages
                                             18
because if the court had approved the sale [to Ja.H.] for $90,000 . . . you wouldn't have
had any damage.'

        "115.    The respondent testified, 'I still struggle with this a little bit because I
don't see [the] argument how [Ja.H] could have a claim against Mentor even as a third
party beneficiary when he refused to sign the contract.'

        "116.    The respondent testified during the formal hearing, that Ja.H. contacted
the respondent seeking his assistance in purchasing the property. Once the respondent's
representation of Mentor ended, the respondent decided to assist Ja.H., believing Ja.H.
should have the opportunity to purchase the property.

        "117.    The respondent also testified during the formal hearing that he assisted
Ja.H. pro bono, receiving no money in exchange for his legal or real estate broker
services. Further, Mentor had communicated to the respondent that Mentor was no longer
interested in purchasing the property and was not interested in any type of legal action
against M.H., Jo.H., or Ja.H.

        "118.    Mentor and Ja.H. both signed conflict waivers related to the transaction
and partition matter. Ja.H. signed the waiver on October 2, 2020.

        "119.    During the October 2, 2020, hearing, the respondent argued that it was in
the parties' best interests to either approve the sale to Ja.H. for $100,000.00 or to reject
the contract with Northbound and allow the property to be listed with a real estate agent,
as was contemplated in the court's July 9, 2020, order.

        "120.    Judge Commer ultimately granted M.H.'s motion to compel the sale to
Northbound, reasoning that the partition action had been pending for two years, Ja.H. had
been represented by prior counsel who could have previously assisted Ja.H. with
financing and putting forward an offer, and the later closing date and risk that Ja.H.'s
financing could fall through presented potential unnecessary delay. Judge Commer also

                                              19
noted that he would be unavailable for the next 24 days, making it impossible for him to
resolve any issues that could arise should Ja.H.'s contract fall through.

        "121.    As Judge Commer explained the reasoning behind his order, the
respondent began to interrupt him. At one point, Judge Commer stated: 'Sir, let me
speak.' The respondent argued that it would be wrong for the court to allow the sale to
Northbound and stated: 'What is happening to [Ja.H.] is an injustice this court should be
ashamed of.'

        "122.    After Judge Commer announced that the court would approve the sale of
the property to Northbound, the following exchange occurred:

                 'MR. DAVIS: May I respectfully ask you to list [the home] for
                 ten days even though it still had not closed under [the] contract
                 [with Northbound]? What you are doing is an injustice, Your
                 Honor.

                 'THE COURT: You said that before, Mr. Davis. I made my
                 ruling.

                 'MR. DAVIS: I want you to know what you are doing is wrong
                 to [Ja.H.]. I want it on the record what you are doing is wrong.

                 'THE COURT: I'm not going to argue with you. I've made my
                 ruling.

                 'MR. DAVIS: You made the ruling you believe is appropriate. I
                 want it on the record I believe what you are doing is wrong.

                 'THE COURT: You are arguing.

                                             20
                'MR. DAVIS: For more time listed seven to ten days no harm
                whatsoever. That would just prove the fair value of the property.
                [Ja.H.] is being railroaded here, Your Honor. It is not right. I
                want it on the record.

                'THE COURT: Mr. Davis.

                'MR. DAVIS: It is not right.

                'THE COURT: You said that. You made your argument, Mr.
                Davis. That is one of the problems with these Web[Ex] remote
                hearings that your conduct just now was in contempt of the
                court's ruling because you are arguing with the court. I explained
                why I was making this ruling when I indicated to you I will be
                unavailable.

                'MR. DAVIS: You can correct this, Your Honor. Your
                unavailability shouldn't affect [Ja.H.]. That's unjust.

                'THE COURT: Mr. Davis, if you were present in the courtroom I
                would likely be finding you in contempt of court for direct
                contempt.'

        "123.   After the hearing, Judge Commer submitted a complaint to the
disciplinary administrator's office regarding the respondent's potential conflict
representing Mentor and then Ja.H. as well as the respondent's conduct during the
October 2, 2020, hearing.

        "124.   On October 16, 2020, the respondent provided the disciplinary
administrator's office a response to Judge Commer's complaint. In his response, the
respondent made the following statements:

                                             21
'I appreciate that a complaint from a judge will carry significant
weight—as it should—but frankly, this complaint is completely
frivolous and was filed by Judge Commer as retaliation for my
willingness to point out that he was denying my client his rights
and entering an unjust decision.

                                 ***
'Moreover, Judge Commer stated on the record that his reason
for not requiring this property be listed on the MLS or providing
the defendant an opportunity to purchase it was because Judge
Commer was going on vacation so he wouldn't be available to
monitor any disputes. In response to this, I stated that his
vacation schedule shouldn't affect an individual's rights, which I
am sure is why he sent this complaint as he was unhappy with
me making that statement and that I didn't just sit there quietly
and allow him to railroad this Defendant so he could go on
vacation.

                                 ***
'Considering [Judge Commer] knew the complaint was without
merit because I had already advised him waivers were obtained,
I have to wonder if this complaint was intended to discourage an
appeal of his decision.

                                 ***
'Judge Commer knew there was no ethical violation when he
submitted his complaint. I should also note he never asked to
view the conflict waivers (in camera or otherwise) and I would
have happily obliged had he done so. Instead, Judge Commer
submitted this complaint knowing that it was untruthful and that
no violation had occurred. Moreover, it is my opinion that his
frustration with my agreeing to represent [Ja.H.] (who he had
                            22
                 previously threatened to deny his right to participate in hearings)
                 prevented him from making a fair and just decision based on the
                 facts and law related to this case.

                                                   ***
                 'Therefore [Judge Commer] has a desire to avoid this wrong
                 decision being appealed.

                                                   ***
                 'Judge Commer is just upset that I called out that he was not
                 respecting the rights of my client and that his vacation should not
                 be grounds for denying my client's requested relief.

                                                   ***
                 'It is my hope that once you review this information, you will
                 find this for what it is, which is a frivolous complaint filed by a
                 judge in retaliation because he was being called out for treating
                 my client unfairly and using his vacation as an excuse to deny
                 relief to my client. This letter is his way of trying to punish me
                 for having the courage to call out injustice when it happens and
                 to try and prevent me from ever doing so in the future. Even
                 entertaining this complaint would be a miscarriage of justice.'

        "125.    Further findings of fact are stated in the Conclusions of Law section below
as appropriate to support the hearing panel's findings.

                                         "Conclusions of Law

        "126.    Based upon the findings of fact, the hearing panel concludes as a matter
of law that the respondent violated KRPC 1.15(a) (safekeeping property), 3.1
(meritorious claims and contentions), 3.5(d) (impartiality and decorum of the tribunal),
4.1(a) (truthfulness in statements to others), 4.4(a) (respect for rights of third persons),
                                              23
8.1 (bar admission and disciplinary matters), 8.2(a) (judicial and legal officials), and
8.4(c) (misconduct), in the DA13,141 and DA13,579 matters as discussed further below.

        "127.    The hearing panel concludes there is not clear and convincing evidence
of a violation of the Kansas Rules of Professional Conduct in DA13,149 (the T.R.
complaint). The disciplinary administrator's office alleged the respondent violated KRPC
1.15(b), 4.1(a), and 4.4(a) in DA13,149.

        "128.    In the garnishment action, the respondent represented the property
management company and thus had a responsibility to his client to protect its legal
interests and gather adequate evidence to confirm whether T.R. was the judgment debtor
before releasing the garnishment and collected funds. Had she chosen to, T.R. could have
asked the court for a judicial determination at any time, but she did not. Instead, T.R.
chose to have J.R. try to negotiate with the respondent and his client.

        "129.    Initially, the respondent attempted to return the funds to T.R. in late June
2018 through attorney Mark Logan, relying on Mr. Logan's status as counsel for T.R. to
confirm T.R.'s identity and position in the case. However, Mr. Logan emailed the
respondent to tell him that he would not continue to represent J.R. and T.R. The
respondent asked Mr. Logan whether Mr. Logan could relay the check to T.R., which the
respondent had already placed in the mail to Mr. Logan. However, Mr. Logan never
responded to this email.

        "130.    When Mr. Logan ceased communicating with the respondent, the
respondent sought to negotiate a settlement and release agreement with J.R. and T.R. Up
to this point, J.R.'s contacts with the respondent had been aggressive, profane, and
persistent. It is understandable that J.R. was upset and that he felt T.R.'s paycheck was
wrongfully garnished. However, J.R.'s behavior should be taken into consideration when
determining whether the respondent's subsequent conduct, aimed at protecting himself
and his client, violated the rules of professional conduct. Further, the respondent had not
ever met or spoken with T.R., so he also wanted to protect his client and himself from
any potential claim that J.R. was not authorized to receive the funds on T.R.'s behalf.
                                             24
        "131.    The disciplinary administrator's office asserted that the phrase, 'the
results of the review above were inconsistent,' in the proposed settlement agreement
dishonestly indicated that it was unclear whether T.R. was wrongfully garnished, which
made it appear that T.R. was receiving some form of consideration for signing the
settlement agreement. '[T]he results of the review above' refers to the respondent's own
research, his correspondence with relevant individuals, and an investigation by a private
investigator hired by the respondent. The respondent testified that throughout the
garnishment proceeding there were facts that went both ways, both in support and in
contravention that T.R. who worked at the school district was the judgment debtor. While
the respondent never reached a conclusion with 100% certainty that he had garnished the
wrong person's earnings, he and his client ultimately concluded that they should refund
the collected amounts to T.R. Therefore, there is not clear and convincing evidence that
the quoted language was a knowingly false statement.

        "132.    Moreover, the respondent was willing to negotiate the terms of the
settlement agreement with T.R. and J.R. and was prepared to accept a version of the
settlement agreement revised by J.R. and T.R. that removed much of the liability waiver
language. In his June 28, 2018, email, J.R. told the respondent, 'I'll get back to you,'
regarding the settlement agreement language and then did not contact the respondent
about the agreement again until November 2018. The respondent sent a refund check to
T.R. in November 2018.

        "133.    Accordingly, the hearing panel concludes that there is not clear and
convincing evidence that the respondent's conduct in the DA13,149 matter violated
KRPC 1.15(b), 4.1(a), or 4.4(a).

        "134.    Further, the disciplinary administrator's office alleged that the respondent
violated KRPC 1.7(a)(2) in the DA13,579 (Judge Commer complaint) matter.
Specifically, the ODA contends there was a substantial risk that the respondent's
representation of Ja.H. would be materially limited by his responsibilities to his former
client, Mentor. Further, the ODA asserts that the written conflict waiver signed by Ja.H.
                                             25
failed to fully disclose the conflict, meaning the respondent did not obtain informed
consent from Ja.H.

        "135.    Testimony during the formal hearing indicated a potential claim by
Mentor against the siblings and, conversely, a potential claim by the siblings against
Mentor for failure to close the real estate sale contract for $90,000.00. In the conflict
waiver signed by Ja.H., the respondent notified Ja.H. of potential claims Mentor may
have against M.H. and the real estate agent for the way the real estate transaction was
handled. The respondent did not, however, notify Ja.H. that there may be potential claims
by the siblings against Mentor. The respondent noted during his testimony that he
struggled to see how Ja.H. could have a claim against Mentor when Ja.H. refused to sign
the contract. The hearing panel agrees.

        "136.    For KRPC 1.7(a)(2) to be violated, there must have been a 'substantial
risk' that the respondent's representation of Ja.H. 'will be materially limited by' the
respondent's responsibilities to Mentor. KRPC 1.7(a)(2). The matter before Judge
Commer was a partition action where each sibling was a separate party. M.H. signed the
contract with Mentor on her own behalf only and then asked the court to rule that her
brothers' signatures were not necessary to sell the property. Ja.H. refused to sign the
contract to sell the property to Mentor. Therefore, it was reasonable for the respondent to
conclude that Ja.H. did not have a viable claim against Mentor, and thus there was no
substantial risk that the respondent's representation of Ja.H. would be materially limited
by his former representation of Mentor.

        "137.    The hearing panel concludes that the waiver signed by Ja.H. properly
informed Ja.H. of all potential concurrent conflicts as required by KRPC 1.7(b).
Accordingly, the hearing panel concludes there is not clear and convincing evidence that
the respondent violated KRPC 1.7.

        "138.    Finally, the Amended Formal Complaint alleged the respondent violated
KRPC 3.3. No evidence was presented to support a violation of KRPC 3.3 and the
disciplinary administrator's office did not argue the respondent violated KRPC 3.3 during
                                              26
the hearing. Therefore, the hearing panel concludes that the disciplinary administrator
abandoned this allegation. The hearing panel does not find a violation of KRPC 3.3.

                                       "KRPC 1.15(a)

        "139.    Lawyers must properly safeguard their clients' property. KRPC 1.15(a)
specifically provides that:

                 '(a) A lawyer shall hold property of clients or third persons that is
                 in a lawyer's possession in connection with a representation
                 separate from the lawyer's own property. Funds shall be kept in a
                 separate account maintained in the state of Kansas. Other
                 property shall be identified as such and appropriately
                 safeguarded.'

        "140.    On February 27, 2018, the respondent sent an email to L.Y. with a final
invoice that states a total amount due to respondent as $2,814.70. The final invoice was
itemized and included an expense of $714.70 for 'Deposition Transcripts.'

        "141.    L.Y. sent a check dated March 7, 2018, to the respondent for $2,814.70.
The respondent deposited this check into his firm's operating account on March 15, 2018.

        "142.    Up to March 15, 2018, the respondent had not paid $714.70 for any
deposition services in L.Y.'s case and the $714.70 was not fees owed to the respondent.
Thus, the respondent was not permitted to place L.Y.'s $714.70 in his operating account.

        "143.    The respondent admitted he violated KRPC 1.15.

        "144.    Accordingly, the hearing panel concludes that the respondent violated
KRPC 1.15(a) in the DA13,141 matter.

                                             27
                                         "KRPC 3.1

        "145.    'A lawyer shall not bring or defend a proceeding, or assert or controvert
an issue therein, unless there is a basis for doing so that is not frivolous, which includes a
good faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of existing law.'

        "146.    During the small claims trial, the respondent claimed that because the
deposition was scheduled by Ms. Russell, he did not owe Ms. Ragsdale the $37.50 one-
half appearance fee. Further, the respondent claimed that he did not owe Ms. Ragsdale
for the transcripts or any other fees.

        "147.    The only time the respondent asserted he did not owe the appearance fee
was in connection with the small claims trial. At all other times before and after the trial,
the respondent acknowledged that he at least owed the one-half appearance fee.

        "148.    Further, the respondent knew when he raised this defense that he had
requested that Ms. Ragsdale and TBC Video stay later so that he could depose C.H.

        "149.    Judge Scott found in favor of Ms. Ragsdale and entered judgment against
the respondent for $714.70 plus interest, ruling: 'I do know how depositions are ordered, I
do know how depositions are paid for, and I find [the respondent's] actions to be
abhorrent, unethical. And if [Ms. Ragsdale] doesn't file a complaint with the disciplinary
committee, I am going to.' Further, the court stated: 'If you take a deposition and you tell
someone you want them to perform services, they have completed the contract . . . [t]hat
is basic contract law . . . . If you ask someone to do a job for you, then they have—it is a
quantum meruit. And she performed her services for you.'

        "150.    The respondent acknowledged that Judge Scott's ruling was correct and
attributed his defense to lack of experience with depositions and how they are billed.

                                             28
        "151.    The respondent's asserted defense in 18-SC-00210 was frivolous and
made without good faith argument for an extension, modification, or reversal of existing
law.

        "152.    Accordingly, the hearing panel concludes the respondent violated KRPC
3.1.

                                       "KRPC 3.5(d)

        "153.    'A lawyer shall not . . . (d) engage in undignified or discourteous conduct
degrading to a tribunal.'

        "154.    During the October 2, 2020, hearing before Judge Commer, the
respondent interrupted Judge Commer as he was issuing his ruling. At one point, Judge
Commer stated: 'Sir, let me speak.'

        "155.    The respondent was argumentative with the Court as it issued its ruling.
The respondent used language with no substantial purpose other than to degrade the
tribunal. For example, the respondent stated that the Court 'should be ashamed of' its
ruling's effect on the respondent's client, that the Court was committing an 'injustice' and
was 'wrong,' and that the respondent's client was being 'railroaded' by the Court's ruling.

        "156.    Judge Commer attempted to redirect the respondent multiple times to
engage in appropriate conduct, but the respondent did not revert to engaging in
appropriate conduct. Judge Commer stated that if the respondent were present in the
courtroom as opposed to appearing via WebEx, the Court would have found the
respondent in direct contempt of court.

        "157.    The hearing panel concludes that the respondent's conduct during the
October 2, 2020, hearing before Judge Commer was undignified, discourteous, and
degrading to the tribunal. Accordingly, the hearing panel concludes the respondent
violated KRPC 3.5(d).
                                             29
                                         "KRPC 4.1(a)

           "158.   KRPC 4.1(a) provides that '[i]n the course of representing a client a
lawyer shall not knowingly make a false statement of material fact or law to a third
person.'

           "159.   During a March 19, 2018, phone call, the respondent told Ms. Ragsdale
that he had received the funds for the deposition from his client and that he had placed a
check in the mail.

           "160.   The respondent had not placed a check in the mail to Ms. Ragsdale by
the time of this phone call. In fact, the respondent did not provide any payment to Ms.
Ragsdale until August 2018, when the respondent paid a small claims court judgment
entered against him for Ms. Ragsdale's invoice.

           "161.   The hearing panel concludes that at the time of his phone call with Ms.
Ragsdale [in] spring 2018, the respondent knew that he had not placed a check (for
$37.50 or any other amount) in the mail to Ms. Ragsdale.

           "162.   The hearing panel disagrees that the phrase 'the check is in the mail' is a
turn of phrase that communicates that the person intends to send a check soon. The
respondent's statement under the circumstances in this case would have led a reasonable
person to believe that the check was actually in the mail, and the respondent knew this
was not true.

           "163.   As a result, the hearing panel concludes the respondent violated KRPC
4.1(a) in DA13,141 by knowingly making a false statement of material fact to Ms.
Ragsdale.

                                               30
                                       "KRPC 4.4(a)

        "164.   'In representing a client, a lawyer shall not use means that have no
substantial purpose other than to embarrass, delay, or burden a third person.'

        "165.   For nearly three months, from February 8, 2018, until April 26, 2018, the
respondent led Ms. Ragsdale to believe that the respondent planned to pay Ms. Ragsdale's
invoice for the deposition and transcripts.

        "166.   Then, on April 26[,] 2018, the respondent sent Ms. Ragsdale an email
that stated: 'We have no contract or agreement. We had no discussions prior to the
deposition. I never agreed to your rates or charges. There is no contract or agreement
between us, and you would be committing perjury if you file the petition that you
provided below.'

        "167.   In the respondent's April 26, 2022, email to Ms. Ragsdale, the respondent
denied the existence of a transaction that the respondent had acknowledged in
communications throughout the months prior. Further, the respondent claimed Ms.
Ragsdale would commit a crime if she exercised her right to ask the court to decide the
matter and to seek to recover her damages.

        "168.   The respondent's conduct had no substantial purpose other than to
embarrass, delay, or burden Ms. Ragsdale. Accordingly, the hearing panel concludes that
the respondent violated KRPC 4.4(a) in the DA13,141 matter.

                                        "KRPC 8.1

        "169.   Lawyers must cooperate in disciplinary investigations. KRPC 8.1
provides:

                '[A] lawyer . . . in connection with a disciplinary matter, shall
                not:
                                              31
                  '(a) Knowingly make a false statement of material fact; or

                  '(b) fail to disclose a fact necessary to correct a misapprehension
                      known by the person to have arisen in the matter, or
                      knowingly fail to respond to a lawful demand for
                      information from [a] . . . disciplinary authority, . . .'

        "170.     During the disciplinary investigation, the respondent made false
statements of material fact to the disciplinary administrator's office in his July 31, 2018,
response to Ms. Ragsdale's complaint, to Investigator Eldon Shields, and to former
disciplinary administrator Stan Hazlett.

        "171.     In the respondent's July 31, 2018, response, sent to the disciplinary
administrator's office, the respondent stated that he had 'submitted a check for the half of
the appearance fee that was apparently not received by Ms. Ragsdale.' During
Investigator Shields' interview of the respondent on August 23, 2018, the respondent told
Investigator Shields that he sent a check to Ms. Ragsdale for the $37.50 appearance fee.

        "172.     The respondent never sent a check to Ms. Ragsdale for the $37.50
appearance fee.

        "173.     The respondent stated that he negligently told Investigator Shields things
that are untrue. However, the respondent's false statements in his July 31, 2018, response
and to Investigator Shields, made just a few months after the $37.50 check was
purportedly sent, were made under circumstances that establish that the respondent knew
the statements were false. At that time, the respondent was still in solo practice and had
access to his solo firm billing software and files. The respondent's memory about whether
he sent a check to Ms. Ragsdale would have been fresh at this time and he had access to
the information needed to provide an accurate statement in his response and to
Investigator Shields.

                                               32
        "174.   On July 31, 2020, the respondent told former disciplinary administrator
Stan Hazlett in an email that: 'The original check to Ms. Ragsdale (for the appearance
fee) came directly from the client and was forwarded to her, so no funds were cycled
through trust (or any other account).' The respondent's statement in his email to Mr.
Hazlett was false. The respondent did not request a check from L.Y. for the $37.50
appearance fee and no such check was sent to Ms. Ragsdale.

        "175.   The hearing panel recognizes that at the time the respondent exchanged
emails with Mr. Hazlett, the respondent had recently undergone a heart transplant surgery
and was taking medications that likely would have had a significant impact on the
respondent's ability to function and respond completely. But while the respondent's
physical and mental condition at the time may mitigate the respondent's misconduct (as
discussed further below), the statement to Mr. Hazlett was no less false.

        "176.   The respondent asserts he did not have the information he needed to
respond accurately to Mr. Hazlett, such as access to his solo firm billing records, and
instead was responding based on his faulty memory. However, the fabrication of this very
specific story could not have occurred based on a lack of memory. Either the respondent
did not remember what happened and could have stated such to Mr. Hazlett, or the
respondent did remember what happened. The hearing panel concludes that the
respondent fabricated the story about asking L.Y. to send a check directly to Ms.
Ragsdale to intentionally avoid providing Mr. Hazlett the requested documents. The
circumstances suggest that the respondent determined the responsive documentation
contained no indication that a check was ever sent to Ms. Ragsdale from his own account,
and fabricated this story to mislead Mr. Hazlett.

        "177.   Thus, the hearing panel concludes that the respondent's false statements
in his response, to Investigator Shields, and to Mr. Hazlett were knowingly and
intentionally made. The hearing panel further concludes that the respondent's false
statements were of facts material to the disciplinary investigation.

                                             33
        "178.    Because the respondent knowingly and intentionally made false
statements of material fact during the disciplinary investigation in DA13,141, the hearing
panel concludes that the respondent violated KRPC 8.1(a).

                                        "KRPC 8.2(a)

        "179.    'A lawyer shall not make a statement that the lawyer knows to be false or
with reckless disregard as to its truth or falsity concerning the qualifications or integrity
of a judge.' KRPC 8.2(a).

        "180.    In his October 16, 2020, response to Judge Commer's disciplinary
complaint, the respondent stated the following about Judge Commer:

                 a.       That Judge Commer's complaint was 'completely
                 frivolous and was filed by Judge Commer as retaliation for [the
                 respondent's] willingness to point out that he was denying [the
                 respondent's] client his rights and entering an unjust decision';

                 b.       That Judge Commer did not require the property be
                 listed on the MLS or allow the respondent's client to purchase it
                 because Judge Commer was going on vacation;

                 c.       That Judge Commer 'knew there was no ethical violation
                 when he submitted his complaint';

                 d.       That Judge Commer submitted the complaint 'knowing
                 that it was untruthful and that no violation had occurred';

                 e.       That Judge Commer's [sic]was 'just upset that [the
                 respondent] called out that he was not respecting the rights of
                 [the respondent's] client and that his vacation should not be
                 grounds for denying [his] client's requested relief'[;]
                                              34
                 f.         That Judge Commer's complaint was 'a frivolous
                 complaint filed by a judge in retaliation because he was being
                 called out for treating [the respondent's] client unfairly and using
                 his vacation as an excuse to deny relief to [the respondent's]
                 client.'

         "181.   The respondent made other comments similar to the above throughout
his October 16, 2020, response.

         "182.   When asked about the statements in his response, the respondent
testified:

                 'I can't tell you what Judge Commer's motives are. I can tell you
                 what I thought they were that day. I can tell you what I think
                 they were today and those aren't the same thing because things
                 have happened between now and that day.

                                                  ***
                 'And, you know, that's what I said, what I said when I said.
                 Today it was dumb. Shouldn't have sent it. And I would take it
                 back every time, 10 out of 10 times, if I got asked the question.'

         "183.   Judge Commer testified that he did not file his complaint in retaliation
for the arguments the respondent raised at the October 2, 2020, hearing or for the
respondent's claim that Judge Commer violated Ja.H.'s rights and entered an unjust
decision. Further, Judge Commer testified that he did believe there was a substantial
likelihood the respondent committed an ethical violation when he filed his complaint.
Finally, Judge Commer testified he did not knowingly file a false complaint against the
respondent, and he did not file the complaint to discourage an appeal of his ruling.

                                             35
          "184.   Judge Commer sent a complaint about the respondent's conduct to the
disciplinary administrator's office because, after reviewing the Judicial Code of Conduct,
Judge Commer believed 'there was a substantial indication that there had been a violation
of the disciplinary rules that [he] was required by the Judicial Code to submit a
complaint.'

          "185.   The hearing panel concludes that the respondent's statements about Judge
Commer's integrity were false and were made with reckless disregard as to their truth or
falsity. Accordingly, the hearing panel concludes that the respondent violated KRPC
8.2(a).

                                        "KRPC 8.4(c)

          "186.   'It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to . . . engage in conduct
involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation.' KRPC 8.4(c).

          "187.   The respondent engaged in conduct that involved dishonesty when he
sent an email to Ms. Ragsdale stating that he had mailed a check to her in April 2018
when the respondent had not done so, stated in his July 31, 2018, response to the
disciplinary complaint and to Investigator Shields that he had sent Ms. Ragsdale a check
for the $37.50 appearance fee when he had not done so, and told Mr. Hazlett by email
that he had directed L.Y. to send a check to Ms. Ragsdale when the respondent had made
no such request of L.Y. and no such check was sent.

          "188.   Accordingly, the hearing panel concludes that the respondent violated
KRPC 8.4(c).

                                              36
                                  "American Bar Association
                          Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions

           "189.   In making this recommendation for discipline, the hearing panel
considered the factors outlined by the American Bar Association in its Standards for
Imposing Lawyer Sanctions (hereinafter 'Standards'). Pursuant to Standard 3, the factors
to be considered are the duty violated, the lawyer's mental state, the potential or actual
injury caused by the lawyer's misconduct, and the existence of aggravating or mitigating
factors.

           "190.   Duty Violated. The respondent violated his duty to his client L.Y., to the
public, to the legal system, and to the legal profession.

           "191.   Mental State. The respondent intentionally violated KRPC 8.1(a) and
8.4(c) and knowingly violated his duties in connection with the remaining rule violations.

           "192.   Injury. As a result of the respondent's misconduct in DA13,141, the
respondent wasted resources of the small claims court and injured his client L.Y. by
placing the $714.70 payment into his operating account and converting it for his own use.
The respondent only paid the deposition expense after being ordered to do so by the small
claims court. Further, the respondent injured Ms. Ragsdale by unduly delaying payment
for her services through misrepresentation and harassing conduct and causing her to
expend unnecessary time, stress, and effort to collect the amount owed from the
respondent. The respondent caused injury to the disciplinary system by making multiple
false statements creating the need for additional resources to be expended to discover the
truth. As a result of the respondent's misconduct in DA13,579, the respondent caused
injury to the legal profession by making false statements that reflected poorly on the
respondent and the profession and caused injury to the legal system by making false
statements that interfered with the proper adjudication of the partition matter and with the
disciplinary proceeding.

                                              37
                           "Aggravating and Mitigating Factors

        "193. Aggravating circumstances are any considerations or factors that may
justify an increase in the degree of discipline to be imposed. In reaching its
recommendation for discipline, the hearing panel, in this case, found the following
aggravating factors present:

        "194. Prior Disciplinary Offenses. During the respondent's final semester of
law school, in spring 2012, the respondent was admonished for an honor code violation
for failing to disclose arrests and/or charges in nine separate criminal matters on his law
school application. This resulted in a hearing before the Kansas Board of Law Examiners.
According to the holding in In re Black, 283 Kan. 862, 156 P.3d 641 (2007), a prior
proceeding before the Kansas Board of Law Examiners may be characterized as a prior
disciplinary offense and considered an aggravating factor. The hearing panel may also
give such evidence the appropriate weight in its consideration. Black, 283 Kan. at 877.
The hearing panel concludes that the respondent's prior misconduct that led to
admonishment and the Board of Law Examiners matter is an aggravating factor.
However, this factor is given reduced weight due to its remoteness in time, the fact that
the respondent self-reported the misconduct, and the fact that the Kansas Board of Law
Examiners chose to allow the respondent to take the bar exam despite the misconduct.

        "195.    Dishonest or Selfish Motive. The hearing panel concludes that the
respondent's conduct with regard to Ms. Ragsdale and in the disciplinary investigation
was motivated by dishonest and selfish motive.

        "196.    A Pattern of Misconduct. The disciplinary administrator's office contends
that the three disciplinary complaints show that the respondent engaged in a pattern of
misconduct. However, the hearing panel did not find a violation in the DA13,149 matter.
The rules violations in the DA13,141 matter and the DA13,579 matter are not similar to
each other. The hearing panel concludes there was not a pattern of misconduct here.

                                             38
        "197.    Multiple Offenses. The respondent violated KRPC 1.15(a) (safekeeping
property), 3.1 (meritorious claims and contentions), 3.5(d) (impartiality and decorum of
the tribunal), 4.1(a) (truthfulness in statements to others), 4.4(a) (respect for rights of
third persons), 8.1 (bar admission and disciplinary matters), 8.2(a) (judicial and legal
officials), and 8.4(c) (misconduct), in the DA13,141 and DA13,579 matters. The
respondent committed multiple offenses[.]

        "198.    Submission of False Evidence, False Statements, or Other Deceptive
Practices During the Disciplinary Process. The respondent made false or deceptive
statements during the disciplinary investigation multiple times. The respondent falsely
stated in his response to Ms. Ragsdale's complaint and to Investigator Shields that he had
sent a check for $37.50 to Ms. Ragsdale, he falsely stated to Mr. Hazlett that he directed
L.Y. to send a check for $37.50 directly to Ms. Ragsdale, and he falsely told the
disciplinary administrator's office that Judge Commer filed a complaint against him as
retaliation for arguing on behalf of his client. Further, the respondent told Mr. Vogelsberg
in a March 10, 2022, email that he had intended to invoice L.Y. for the videography
services instead of the deposition transcript services. However, the respondent had been
sued by both Ms. Ragsdale and TBC Video in small claims court for payment of their
invoices related to this deposition. If the respondent had intended to invoice L.Y. for the
videography services, L.Y.'s March 7, 2018, payment of this invoice in full should have
resulted in the payment of TBC Video's invoice in full. The hearing panel concludes that
the respondent repeatedly submitted false statements and engaged in deceptive practices
throughout the disciplinary investigations in DA13,141 and DA13,579.

        "199.    Mitigating circumstances are any considerations or factors that may
justify a reduction in the degree of discipline to be imposed. In reaching its
recommendation for discipline, the hearing panel, in this case, found the following
mitigating circumstances present:

        "200.    Physical Disability. The respondent dealt with a significant health
condition relating to his heart during all relevant times in this disciplinary matter. On
March 13, 2020, he underwent heart transplant surgery. Before and after the heart
                                              39
transplant, the respondent was prescribed numerous medications. The respondent's heart
condition and medications had a substantial effect on his physical condition, such as
feelings of weakness, effects on his temperament, confusion, and drowsiness. The
medications taken by the respondent also have many other potential serious side effects,
including ones that can affect temperament, mental processing, emotional health,
behavior, and physical wellbeing. The hearing panel concludes that the respondent's
physical condition had a significant impact on his conduct in the docketed matters here,
including the subsequent disciplinary investigations. This is a compelling mitigating
factor.

          "201.   Personal or Emotional Problems if Such Misfortunes Have Contributed
to Violation of the Kansas Rules of Professional Conduct. The respondent's heart
condition and March 2020 heart transplant had a substantial impact on his mental and
emotional state. The respondent testified that he spent a lot of time in the hospital in
2020, all while also being the primary source of income for his family. Further, the
respondent testified that there were three times when he was in the hospital where he
almost died. Understandably, he said that his emotional health is still a struggle today. All
the misconduct in this case occurred during the time when the respondent's heart
condition presented the most burden—leading up to and immediately following heart
transplant surgery. It is clear that the respondent's emotional condition contributed to his
misconduct, and this is also a compelling mitigating factor.

          "202.   Inexperience in the Practice of Law. The Kansas Supreme Court
admitted the respondent to the practice of law in April 2013. At the time of his
misconduct, the respondent had been practicing law between 5 and 7 years and had not
actively practiced for the first few years he was licensed. Further, the respondent was
inexperienced in certain specific aspects of the practice of law, such as taking
depositions. The hearing panel concludes that the respondent was inexperienced in the
practice of law when the misconduct occurred.

                                             40
        "203.    Previous Good Character and Reputation in the Community Including
Any Letters from Clients, Friends and Lawyers in Support of the Character and General
Reputation of the Attorney. The respondent is an active and productive member of the
Kansas Bar Association. The respondent is the immediate past-president of the Kansas
Bar Association Young Lawyers Section. The respondent also enjoys the respect of his
peers and generally possesses a good character and reputation as evidenced by the
testimony of Kansas Bar Association President Nancy Morales Gonzalez and Past-
President Cheryl Whelan. The respondent also submitted numerous positive client
reviews in his exhibits.

        "204.    The evidence before the hearing panel presented a difficult set of
circumstances under which to decide the appropriate discipline. Some of the conduct was
quite troubling. However, the respondent's health condition during this time certainly
contributed significantly to his misconduct. As a result, the hearing panel considered all
possible types of discipline in analyzing the facts, rules violated, and aggravating and
mitigating factors. In addition to the above-cited factors, the hearing panel has thoroughly
examined and considered the following Standards:

                 '4.11     Disbarment is generally appropriate when a lawyer
                           knowingly converts client property and causes injury or
                           potential injury to a client.'

                 '4.12     Suspension is generally appropriate when a lawyer
                           knows or should know that he is dealing improperly with
                           client property and causes injury or potential injury to a
                           client.'

                 '4.13     Reprimand is generally appropriate when a lawyer is
                           negligent in dealing with client property and causes
                           injury or potential injury to a client.'

                                                41
'4.14   Admonition is generally appropriate when a lawyer is
        negligent in dealing with client property and causes little
        or no actual or potential injury to a client.'

'5.11   Disbarment is generally appropriate when:

        '(a)     a lawyer engages in serious criminal conduct a
                 necessary element of which includes intentional
                 interference with the administration of justice,
                 false swearing, misrepresentation, fraud,
                 extortion, misappropriation, or theft; or the sale,
                 distribution or importation of controlled
                 substances; or the intentional killing of another;
                 or an attempt or conspiracy or solicitation of
                 another to commit any of these offenses; or

        '(b)     a lawyer engages in any other intentional
                 conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or
                 misrepresentation that seriously adversely
                 reflects on the lawyer's fitness to practice.'

'5.12   Suspension is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        knowingly engages in criminal conduct which does not
        contain the elements listed in Standard 5.11 and that
        seriously adversely reflects on the lawyer's fitness to
        practice.'

'5.13   Reprimand is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        knowingly engages in any other conduct that involves
        dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation and that
        adversely reflects on the lawyer's fitness to practice law.'

                            42
'5.14   Admonition is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        engages in any other conduct that reflects adversely on
        the lawyer's fitness to practice law.'

'6.11   Disbarment is generally appropriate when a lawyer, with
        the intent to deceive the court, makes a false statement,
        submits a false document, or improperly withholds
        material information, and causes serious or potentially
        serious injury to a party, or causes a significant or
        potentially significant adverse effect on the legal
        proceeding.'

'6.12   Suspension is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        knows that false statements or documents are being
        submitted to the court or that material information is
        improperly being withheld, and takes no remedial action,
        and causes injury or potential injury to a party to the
        legal proceeding, or causes an adverse or potentially
        adverse effect on the legal proceeding.'

'6.13   Reprimand is generally appropriate when a lawyer is
        negligent either in determining whether statements or
        documents are false or in taking remedial action when
        material information is being withheld, and causes injury
        or potential injury to a party to the legal proceeding, or
        causes an adverse or potentially adverse effect on the
        legal proceeding.'

'6.14   Admonition is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        engages in an isolated instance of neglect in determining

                             43
        whether submitted statements or documents are false or
        in failing to disclose material information upon learning
        of its falsity, and causes little or no actual or potential
        injury to a party, or causes little or no adverse or
        potentially adverse effect on the legal proceeding.'

'6.21   Disbarment is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        knowingly violates a court order or rule with the intent
        to obtain a benefit for the lawyer or another, and causes
        serious injury or potentially serious injury to a party or
        causes serious or potentially serious interference with a
        legal proceeding.'

'6.22   Suspension is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        knows that he or she is violating a court order or rule,
        and causes injury or potential injury to a client or a
        party, or causes interference or potential interference
        with a legal proceeding.'

'6.23   Reprimand is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        negligently fails to comply with a court order or rule,
        and causes injury or potential injury to a client or other
        party, or causes interference or potential interference
        with a legal proceeding.'

'6.24   Admonition is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        engages in an isolated instance of negligence in
        complying with a court order or rule, and cause [sic]
        little or no actual or potential injury to a party, or causes
        little or no actual or potential interference with a legal
        proceeding.'

                             44
'6.31   Disbarment is generally appropriate when a lawyer:

        '(a)    intentionally tampers with a witness and causes
                serious or potentially serious injury to a party, or
                causes significant or potentially significant
                interference with the outcome of the legal
                proceeding; or

        '(b)    makes an ex parte communication with a judge
                or juror with intent to affect the outcome of the
                proceeding, and causes serious or potentially
                serious injury to a party, or causes significant or
                potentially significant interference with the
                outcome of the legal proceeding; or

        '(c)    improperly communicates with someone in the
                legal system other than a witness, judge, or juror
                with the intent to influence or affect the outcome
                of the proceeding, and causes significant or
                potentially significant interference with the
                outcome of the legal proceeding.'

'6.32   Suspension is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        engages in communication with an individual in the
        legal system when the lawyer knows that such
        communication is improper, and causes injury or
        potential injury to a party or causes interference or
        potential interference with the outcome of the legal
        proceeding.'

                            45
'6.33   Reprimand is generally appropriate when a lawyer is
        negligent in determining whether it is proper to engage
        in communication with an individual in the legal system,
        and causes injury or potential injury to a party or
        interference or potential interference with the outcome of
        the legal proceeding.'

'6.34   Admonition is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        engages in an isolated instance of negligence in
        improperly communicating with an individual in the
        legal system, and causes little or no actual or potential
        injury to a party, or causes little or no actual or potential
        interference with the outcome of the legal proceeding.'

'7.1    Disbarment is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        knowingly engages in conduct that is a violation of a
        duty owed as a professional with the intent to obtain a
        benefit for the lawyer or another, and causes serious or
        potentially serious injury to a client, the public, or the
        legal system.'

'7.2    Suspension is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        knowingly engages in conduct that is a violation of a
        duty owed as a professional and causes injury or
        potential injury to a client, the public, or the legal
        system.'

'7.3    Reprimand is generally appropriate when a lawyer
        negligently engages in conduct that is a violation of a
        duty owed as a professional, and causes injury or
        potential injury to a client, the public, or the legal
        system.'
                            46
                '7.4      Admonition is generally appropriate when a lawyer
                          engages in an isolated instance of negligence in
                          determining whether the lawyer's conduct violates a duty
                          owed as a professional, and causes little or no actual or
                          potential injury to a client, the public, or the legal
                          system.'

                              "Recommendation of the Parties

        "205.   The disciplinary administrator recommended that the respondent be
indefinitely suspended.

        "206.   The respondent recommended that he receive a published censure, or,
alternatively, be suspended for an unspecified period of time, to be stayed while the
respondent is placed on probation according to the terms of his proposed probation plan.

                                         "Discussion

        "207.   When a respondent requests probation, the hearing panel is required to
consider Rule 227(d), which provides:

                '(d)      Restrictions on Recommendation of Probation. A
                          hearing panel may not recommend that the respondent
                          be placed on probation unless the following
                          requirements are met:

                (1)       the respondent complies with subsections (a) and (c) and
                          the proposed probation plan satisfies the requirements in
                          subsection (b);

                (2)       the misconduct can be corrected by probation; and
                                              47
                  (3)     placing the respondent on probation is in the best
                          interests of the legal profession and the public.'

          "208.   Rule 227(c) requires that the respondent 'establish that the respondent has
been complying with each condition in the probation plan for at least 14 days prior to the
hearing.'

          "209.   The respondent's proposed probation supervisor, Cheryl Whelan,
testified that she and the respondent had an initial meeting on November 29, 2022, just
nine days prior to the formal hearing in this matter. The respondent's proposed probation
plan and supplement to that plan require the respondent to have an initial meeting with
his proposed supervisor. Many of the other proposed probation terms require this meeting
to occur before they can be complied with. Because the respondent met with Ms. Whelan
for the first time nine days before the formal hearing, the respondent did not comply with
each provision of his proposed plan 'for at least 14 days prior to the hearing.' See Rule
227(c).

          "210.   Further, the respondent engaged in dishonest conduct. Dishonest conduct
cannot be effectively supervised on probation. See In re Stockwell, 296 Kan. 860, 868,
295 P.3d 572 (2013) ('Moreover, this court is generally reluctant to grant probation where
the misconduct involves fraud or dishonesty because supervision, even the most diligent,
often cannot effectively guard against dishonest acts.')

          "211.   The hearing panel concludes that probation, on its own, is not
appropriate discipline here. However, as discussed further below, the hearing panel
concludes that probation could be helpful to the respondent to address the misconduct
that was not dishonest in nature.

                                              48
                                  "Recommendation of the Hearing Panel

               "212.   Based upon the findings of fact, conclusions of law, and the Standards
       listed above, the hearing panel unanimously recommends that the respondent be
       suspended for a period of 90 days. The hearing panel further recommends that after
       serving the 90-day suspension, the respondent be placed on probation for a period of two
       years according to the terms of his proposed probation plan and supplement to the
       original probation plan. Further, the hearing panel recommends that as a term of the
       respondent's probation, the respondent be required to obtain a psychological evaluation
       from a provider approved by the disciplinary administrator's office to determine whether
       the respondent is capable of practicing law professionally, which will include
       communicating with others honestly, completely, and with a professional temperament.
       The hearing panel recommends that the respondent be ordered to follow all
       recommendations of the psychological professional following this psychological
       evaluation.

               "213.   Costs are assessed against the respondent in an amount to be certified by
       the Office of the Disciplinary Administrator."

                                             DISCUSSION

       If a disciplinary hearing panel finds misconduct and recommends discipline other
than informal admonition, the matter proceeds to this court for hearing. See Supreme
Court Rule 226(b) (2023 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 282). When this happens, the respondent and
the ODA may file formal objections called "exceptions" to the hearing panel's factual
findings or legal conclusions. See Supreme Court Rule 201(h) (2023 Kan. S. Ct. R. at
251) (defining "exception"). To preserve the issue for our review, a party must file an
exception. Supreme Court Rule 228(e)(1) (2023 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 288). In the absence of
a filed exception, the party is deemed to have admitted the factual findings and the legal

                                                  49
conclusions in the final hearing report. Rule 228(g). When there are no exceptions filed,
our task is usually focused on deciding the appropriate discipline.

       In this case, both Davis and the ODA filed exceptions to the panel's factual
findings and legal conclusions. Thus, the panel's findings and conclusions are not
considered admitted, which means we must determine whether attorney misconduct has
been established by clear and convincing evidence before deciding the appropriate
discipline. In re Spiegel, 315 Kan. 143, 147, 504 P.3d 1057 (2022). "Clear and
convincing evidence is 'evidence that causes the factfinder to believe that "the truth of the
facts asserted is highly probable."'" In re Lober, 288 Kan. 498, 505, 204 P.3d 610 (2009).

                                    RULE VIOLATIONS

A. The Ragsdale Complaint

       In the Ragsdale complaint, the panel concluded Davis violated KRPC 1.15(a)
(safekeeping property), KRPC 3.1 (meritorious claim in good faith), KRPC 4.1(a)
(truthfulness in statements to others), KRPC 4.4(a) (respect for rights of third persons),
KRPC 8.1(a) (false statement in disciplinary matters), and KRPC 8.4(c) (dishonest
conduct).

       Davis concedes his failure to deposit a $714.70 expense payment from his client
into his trust account violated KRPC 1.15(a). But Davis claims the remaining rule
violations found by the hearing panel are not supported by clear and convincing evidence
because his actions resulted from careless mistakes and inexperience and were at most
negligent, rather than intentional or knowing.

                                             50
   1. KRPC 3.1 (meritorious claim in good faith)

       During the small claims trial on Ragsdale's demand for payment of appearance and
transcription fees, Davis argued he did not have to pay Ragsdale half the appearance fee
because he was not the attorney who originally scheduled the deposition. The hearing
panel concluded clear and convincing evidence supported a finding that Davis' argument
was frivolous and not made in good faith, in violation of KRPC 3.1. The panel found (a)
Davis acknowledged before and after trial that he owed half the appearance fee, (b) the
only time Davis asserted he did not owe any appearance fee was at the small claims trial,
and (c) Davis knew when he raised this defense that he had requested Ragsdale to stay
later so that he could depose a witness. Davis takes exception to the panel's findings and
legal conclusion, claiming that his argument to the trial court was not a frivolous one
made in bad faith but resulted from his inexperience.

       A majority of the court finds clear and convincing evidence supports the panel's
finding that Davis violated KRPC 3.1. A minority of the court would find no violation of
KRPC 3.1 based on a lack of clear and convincing evidence to support a finding that
Davis' argument to the trial court was either frivolous or not made in good faith.

   2. KRPC 4.1(a) (truthfulness in statements to third person)

       The hearing panel concluded Davis violated KRPC 4.1(a) when he knowingly
made a false statement of material fact to Ragsdale by telling her he had placed her check
in the mail when knowing he had not done so. Davis takes exception to the panel's
findings and legal conclusion, claiming he did not knowingly, but only negligently,
misstated the truth to Ragsdale when he told her the check was in the mail.

                                            51
       A majority of the court finds clear and convincing evidence supports the panel's
finding that Davis knowingly misstated the truth to Ragsdale in violation of KRPC 4.1(a).
A minority of the court would find no violation of KRPC 4.1(a) based on a lack of clear
and convincing evidence to support Davis knowingly misstated the truth.

   3. KRPC 4.4(a) (respect for rights of third persons)

       The hearing panel found Davis engaged in conduct that had no substantial purpose
other than to embarrass, delay, or burden Ragsdale by telling her in an email that "[w]e
have no contract or agreement. We had no discussions prior to the deposition. I never
agreed to your rates or charges. There is no contract or agreement between us, and you
would be committing perjury if you file the petition that you provided below." Davis
takes exception to the panel's findings and legal conclusion, claiming that his response to
Ragsdale was based on a good faith, although perhaps inexperienced, belief that he had
no contract with her and that she would be committing perjury if she filed a small claims
petition alleging he had failed to pay for contracted deposition services.

       A majority of the court finds clear and convincing evidence supports the panel's
finding that Davis sent the email to Ragsdale for no purpose other than to embarrass,
delay, or burden Ragsdale in violation of KRPC 4.4(a). A minority of the court would
find no violation of KRPC 4.4(a).

   4. KRPC 8.1 (false statement in disciplinary matters)

       The hearing panel found that, during the disciplinary investigation, Davis made
two false statements of material fact to the ODA.

                                             52
       1. In his July 31, 2018, response to Ragsdale's complaint, Davis falsely told
          Investigator Eldon Shields that he sent a check to Ragsdale for the $37.50
          appearance fee. Davis concedes this statement was false but claims it was
          made negligently. The panel disagreed, finding he knowingly made the false
          statement because (a) it was just a few months after the check purportedly was
          sent and (b) he had access to his firm billing software and files to verify the
          veracity of his statement.

       2. On July 31, 2020, Davis falsely told Stan Hazlett in an email that the $37.50
          appearance fee check came directly from the client and was forwarded to
          Ragsdale. Davis concedes this statement was false but claims it was made
          negligently.

       The court finds clear and convincing evidence supports the panel's finding that
Davis knowingly made two false statements of material fact to the ODA.

   5. KRPC 8.4(c) (dishonest conduct)

       The hearing panel found Davis engaged in conduct involving dishonesty when he
(a) sent an email to Ragsdale stating he had mailed a check to her in knowing he had not
done so; (b) stated in his July 31, 2018, response to investigator Eldon Shields that he had
sent Ragsdale a check for the $37.50 appearance fee when he had not done so; and (c)
told Hazlett by email that he had directed L.Y. to send a check to Ragsdale when Davis
had made no such request from L.Y. and no check was sent. Davis concedes he made
these three statements and each of them was false. But Davis takes exception to the
panel's finding that he knowingly violated KRPC 8.4(c), claiming he made the false
statements negligently.
                                             53
       The court finds clear and convincing evidence supports the panel's finding that
Davis knowingly made three false statements of material fact to the ODA in violation of
KRPC 8.4(c).

B. Judge Commer Complaint

       Judge Commer filed a disciplinary complaint reporting a "substantial likelihood"
that Davis violated "KRPC 1.7 and/or KRPC 1.9(a) and/or maybe 3.5(d)."

       KRPC 1.7 (2023 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 342) and KRPC 1.9(a) (2023 Kan. S. Ct. R. at
358) generally prohibit a lawyer from representing a client if the representation involves
a concurrent conflict of interest with a former client. KRPC 3.5(d) prohibits a lawyer
from engaging in undignified or discourteous conduct degrading to the tribunal. Nearly
all of Judge Commer's complaint focused on facts relating to the potential conflict of
interest. Judge Commer included only limited facts in the two-page complaint relating to
conduct degrading to a tribunal.

       In his response, Davis addressed only the part of Judge Commer's complaint
alleging the conflict of interest allegations, which he adamantly denied. Davis cited the
hearing transcript, which reflects he told Judge Commer at the hearing that all parties
were informed of the potential conflict and signed conflict waivers. Because Judge
Commer knew there was no conflict of interest, Davis alleged the complaint was
"completely frivolous" and filed in retaliation for his criticism of Judge Commer at the
hearing, in which he basically accused the judge of railroading his client's interests in an
unjust decision so the judge could go on vacation.

                                             54
       The ODA ultimately filed a formal complaint against Davis alleging he violated
KRPC 1.7 (conflict of interest), KRPC 3.3 (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 391) (candor toward
the tribunal), KRPC 3.5 (conduct degrading to tribunal), and KRPC 8.2 (false statement
about judge's integrity).

       The hearing panel concluded clear and convincing evidence did not support a
finding that Davis violated KRPC 1.7 because the waiver signed by Davis' client properly
informed the client of all potential concurrent conflicts as required by KRPC 1.7(b).
Additionally, the hearing panel concluded the ODA presented no evidence to support a
violation of KRPC 3.3. The ODA did not file any exceptions to these conclusions.

       But the hearing panel did find violations of KPRC 3.5(d) and 8.2(a). First, it found
Davis' conduct before Judge Commer was undignified, discourteous, and degrading to the
tribunal in violation of KRPC 3.5(d). It also found Davis violated KRPC 8.2(a) when he
knowingly or recklessly made statements about Judge Commer's qualifications or
integrity in response to Judge Commer's complaint.

       Davis does not challenge the facts set forth in transcripts and written emails but
filed exceptions to the panel's legal conclusions based on those facts. He challenges the
panel's conclusions that (1) his behavior rose to the level of undignified or discourteous
conduct degrading to a tribunal and (2) his statements about Judge Commer's integrity
were false or in reckless disregard as to their truth or falsity.

                                               55
   1. KRPC 3.5(d) (conduct degrading to tribunal)

       Rule 3.5 bears the title "Impartiality and Decorum of the Tribunal." Its main focus
is prohibiting conduct that may improperly influence a judge, jury, witness, etc. A short
sentence in subsection (d) is the decorum part of the rule.

               "RULE 3.5 Impartiality and Decorum of the Tribunal

               "A lawyer shall not:

               "(a) give or lend anything of value to a judge, official, or employee of a tribunal
       except as permitted by the Kansas Code of Judicial Conduct as it may, from time to time
       be adopted in Kansas, nor may a lawyer attempt to improperly influence a judge, official
       or employee of a tribunal, but a lawyer may make a contribution to the campaign fund of
       a candidate for judicial office in conformity with the Kansas Code of Judicial Conduct;

               "(b) communicate or cause another to communicate with a member of a jury or
       the venire from which the jury will be selected about the matters under consideration
       other than in the course of official proceedings until after the discharge of the jury from
       further consideration of the case;

               "(c) communicate or cause another to communicate as to the merits of a cause
       with a judge or official before whom an adversary proceeding is pending except:

                ....

               "(d) engage in undignified or discourteous conduct degrading to a tribunal."

There is one comment appended to KRPC 3.5, but it is unrelated to subsection (d).

                                                    56
       The corresponding ABA Model Rule of Professional Conduct, MRPC 3.5, also
focuses primarily on improper influence. The decorum subsection is set forth in MRPC
3.5(d), which prohibits a lawyer from engaging "in conduct intended to disrupt a
tribunal." Unlike our decorum rule, MRPC 3.5(d) includes a mens rea requirement and
refers to conduct disrupting a tribunal rather than conduct degrading a tribunal. But the
comments to MRPC 3.5(d) equate disruption to "abusive or obstreperous conduct" as
well as "belligerence or theatrics," which closely align with the KRPC 3.5(d) prohibition
on conduct degrading a tribunal. Thus, the comment to MRPC 3.5(d) explaining the rule's
purpose appears equally relevant to KRPC 3.5(d):

               "The advocate's function is to present evidence and argument so that the cause
       may be decided according to law. Refraining from abusive or obstreperous conduct is a
       corollary of the advocate's right to speak on behalf of litigants. A lawyer may stand firm
       against abuse by a judge but should avoid reciprocation; the judge's default is no
       justification for similar dereliction by an advocate. An advocate can present the cause,
       protect the record for subsequent review and preserve professional integrity by patient
       firmness no less effectively than by belligerence or theatrics." Comment [4].

       With the comment to MRPC 3.5(d) in mind, we review whether clear and
convincing evidence supports the panel's legal conclusion that Davis violated KRPC
3.5(d). Again, our rule has no mens rea component, so by its plain language a lawyer can
be held to have violated it by engaging in undignified or discourteous conduct degrading
to the tribunal regardless of intent to dishonor the court.

       In support of its conclusion that Davis violated KRPC 3.5(d), the hearing panel
found the following behavior by Davis to be undignified or discourteous conduct
degrading to a tribunal:

                                                   57
   • Davis interrupted Judge Commer.
   • Davis was argumentative with Judge Commer.
   • Davis used degrading language when he said the court "should be ashamed of" its
      ruling, the court was committing an "injustice" and was "wrong," and that Davis'
      client was being "railroaded" by the court's ruling.

      We include the hearing transcript to provide context to the panel's factual findings
and legal conclusions. The first excerpt provides context for when Davis said, "What is
happening to [Ja.H.] here is an injustice this court should be ashamed of." (Emphasis
added.)

              "THE COURT: Mr. Davis, you are also here because your prior client didn't
      follow through with their contractual offer of ninety thousand dollars.

              "MR. DAVIS: Your Honor, I mean this as respectfully as I need to. I am an
      attorney. I represent who I represent. [Ja.H.] had no contact to Minter[sic] Capital. This is
      two separate arm's length transactions. Whatever my previous client did or did not do is
      irrelevant to [Ja.H.]. What is happening here I stepped in for the record pro bono because
      I saw an injustice happening to [Ja.H.]. It is a grave injustice. You changed the rules for
      her and do not change the rules for him. He has offered more money. Either accept his
      money for more money or adjust things and order this property to be marketed. We can't
      for one party. That's essential for our justice system, Your Honor. What's good for the
      goose is good for the gander.

              "Either accept the higher offer and bypass the process or order the process you
      ordered that they are asking you.

              "I want to emphasize because they asked you to step around the process with
      Minter[sic] Capital these are the parties that knew the order. Mr. Ayesh ignored it quite

                                                   58
       frankly and should be sanctioned, Your Honor. That's a whole other point. He ignored
       your order and allowed her to enter a contract with Minter[sic] Capital when you ordered
       it. What is happening to [Ja.H.] here is an injustice this court should be ashamed of.

               "THE COURT: Mr. Ayesh, I want to ask you in the hearing that was on done on
       September 3rd in that hearing on September 3rd you filed a motion for that hearing that
       referenced a sale to Minter[sic] Capital. Had [M.H.] signed that order before that was
       presented to the court?" (Emphasis added.)

       The second excerpt is from the last two pages of the hearing transcript, after the
court issued its ruling.

               "MR. DAVIS: May I respectfully ask you to list [the home] for ten days even
       though it still had not closed under [the] contract [with Northbound]? What you are doing
       is an injustice, Your Honor.

               "THE COURT: You said that before, Mr. Davis. I made my ruling.

               "MR. DAVIS: I want you to know what you are doing is wrong to [Ja.H.]. I
       want it on the record what you are doing is wrong.

               "THE COURT: I'm not going to argue with you. I've made my ruling.

               "MR. DAVIS: You made the ruling you believe is appropriate. I want it on the
       record I believe what you are doing is wrong.

               "THE COURT: You are arguing.

               "MR. DAVIS: For more time listed seven to ten days no harm whatsoever. That
       would just prove the fair value of the property. [Ja.H.] is being railroaded here, Your
       Honor. It is not right. I want it on the record.
                                                     59
                 "THE COURT: Mr. Davis.

                 "MR. DAVIS: It is not right.

                 "THE COURT: You said that. You made your argument, Mr. Davis. That is one
       of the problems with these Web[Ex] remote hearings that your conduct just now was in
       contempt of the court's ruling because you are arguing with the court. I explained why I
       was making this ruling when I indicated to you I will be unavailable.

                 "MR. DAVIS: You can correct this, Your Honor. Your unavailability shouldn't
       affect [Ja.H.]. That's unjust.

                 "THE COURT: Mr. Davis, if you were present in the courtroom I would likely
       be finding you in contempt of court for direct contempt." (Emphases added.)

We italicized the statements made by Davis on which the hearing panel relied to conclude
Davis engaged in undignified or discourteous conduct degrading to a tribunal. We also
italicized Davis' remark during this exchange where Davis acknowledged that Judge
Commer made the ruling that the judge believed was appropriate.

       Judge Commer's testimony at the disciplinary hearing also provides context to the
panel's legal conclusions. Although most of Judge Commer's testimony related to facts
surrounding the potential conflict of interest violation, the ODA questioned Judge
Commer about Davis' demeanor during the hearing. Judge Commer generally said it was
fine until the last few pages of the transcript, when Davis appeared to become aggressive
and assertive.

                                                  60
      "I noticed that he was not allowing me to speak, and sometimes I will start to speak and if
      the—if the person that I'm seeking to say something to continues I—I pause trying to be
      particularly respectful of them in a hearing, maybe sometimes overly, but I found that to
      be more probably a better approach to use as a judge so that the person gets to say what
      they want to say."

      When asked about Davis' comment that the court would be committing a grave
injustice against his client, Judge Commer said:

      "I think [he] was beginning to become more assertive because he probably seemed to
      have the aggression that I was, 'um, not likely to grant his motion maybe. And, 'um, he
      was—I—I perceived it kind of to be an indication that—that these two people should
      be—and I was not giving [Ja.H.] equal consideration with [M.H.], 'um, although he was
      not party to the hearing or the trial that occurred back in April when I had gotten
      information about both of these persons that was still present in my mind and available."

And when asked about Davis' demeanor as reflected in the final two pages of the hearing
transcript, Judge Commer said:

      "[O]ne of the things that judges do not expect is argument after you've made your ruling.
      'Um, and he—he was continuing to be assertive and to repetitively call my—call the
      decision an injustice to his client, and—and, 'um, being very insistent in the manner of
      speech."

As for Davis' tone of voice, Judge Commer said "[Davis] was speaking probably with
more passion and emotion and volume than he had, for instance, at the start of the
hearing." And when asked whether Davis' actions prevented him from maintaining
control of the hearing, Judge Commer said:

                                                  61
       "I was intending to kind of get him to stop his continued assertions with my statements
       that said, 'You've said that before and you're'—'I'm not going to argue with you,' and
       that—indicating that he was arguing with the decision. And I would say—I would say,
       yes, to some extent."

       On cross-examination, Judge Commer was asked why he equivocated in the
disciplinary complaint he filed against Davis by alleging Davis "maybe" violated KRPC
3.5(d). He responded:

       "because I didn't know if the Disciplinary Administrator Panel would consider telling the
       judge that it was an injustice repeatedly or that his client had been railroaded, fit the lack
       of decorum or the lack of, 'um, respect for the process of proceeding in the court. My
       concern particularly with that was that this—this man, [Ja.H.], was hearing it, hearing
       those statements. I can usually take some things and let them slide off my back, but my
       concern was more the impression being given to these—this litigant that the court system
       is unjust and the court system will allow somebody to railroad them through."

       Davis claims his conduct, in context, does not rise to the level of a KRPC 3.5(d)
violation. In support, Davis argues the conduct at issue was limited to only one of the
three hearings where Davis appeared before Judge Commer in the matter. Davis also
argues he engaged in the identified conduct solely to advocate for his client's interest and
not to degrade the court. We are not persuaded by either of these arguments. First, that a
lawyer adheres to the professional code of conduct two-thirds of the time is irrelevant to
deciding whether clear and convincing evidence of a KRPC 3.5(d) violation exists.
Second, and as we stated earlier, KRPC 3.5(d) does not have a mens rea requirement, so
the reason why Davis engaged in the conduct at issue is immaterial to deciding whether
Davis' behavior is undignified or discourteous conduct degrading to a tribunal.

                                                     62
       Davis also points to some of our prior decisions interpreting and applying KRPC
3.5(d), which he says suggest that violations are limited to cases with worse facts, e.g.,
use of profanity, physical threats, or other threats. Cf. In re Johnston, 316 Kan. 611, 665,
520 P.3d 737 (2022) (where the attorney repeatedly accusing the bench and bar of
collusion and racketeering, arguing with the judge, talking over and threatening to file
litigation); In re Rumsey, 301 Kan. 438, 440, 442, 343 P.3d 93 (2015) (attorney called
opposing counsel a "dirty bitch" and he had a history of engaging in similar conduct
towards female attorneys); In re Romious, 291 Kan. 300, 309, 240 P.3d 945 (2010)
(attorney shouted profanities at court staff, accused a judge of being a pedophile, brawled
with U.S. Marshals, was rude, and disruptive towards court personnel in state and federal
courts). But contrary to Davis' suggestion, we have never construed KPRC 3.5(d) to
require, and its plain language does not dictate, that a lawyer use profanity or make
threats to violate the rule. See, e.g., In re Berry, 274 Kan. 336, 340-42, 346, 352-53, 50
P.3d 20 (2002) (although lawyer never used profanity or threatening language, court
concluded lawyer violated KRPC 3.5[d] by continuing to argue with judge after judge
announced ruling). To that end, each disciplinary case is unique and must be resolved in
light of its own facts.

       Finally, Davis points to our discussion of KRPC 3.5(d) in In re Huffman, 315 Kan.
641, 681-83, 509 P.3d 1253 (2022), to support his argument. In that case, respondent
made statements in two motions for reconsideration that (1) implied the judge
discriminated against her clients based on race or socioeconomic status, (2) implied the
judge decided the issues in the case based on power rather than truth, and (3) accused the
judge of treating the attorney differently than opposing counsel. The hearing panel
concluded this conduct violated KRPC 3.5(d). But we disagreed.

                                             63
               "Taken together, her testimony demonstrates a serious lack of judgment in
       making these comments and statements. But we are also cognizant that judges and courts
       are not above criticism—even harsh criticism—by lawyers vigorously advocating
       sometimes unpopular causes on behalf of marginalized people. And balancing this
       against the equally important need for a decorous and orderly courtroom is an inexact
       endeavor at best. Given this, a majority of the court holds Huffman's statements do not
       rise to the heightened standard necessary to support the panel's conclusion that she
       violated KRPC 3.5(d) and KRPC 8.2(a). In reaching that decision the majority considered
       and weighed as significant the fact Judge Marten himself did not take affront to
       Huffman's comments or invoke contempt at the time. A minority of the court would have
       found violations of these two rules." 315 Kan. at 682-83.

       Davis says we should reach the same result here. We stand by our analysis in
Huffman. But a majority of the court finds application of the Huffman analysis to the facts
here results in a finding that Davis violated KRPC 3.5(d). In concluding Huffman's
conduct did not constitute clear and convincing evidence to support a KRPC 3.5(d)
violation, we "considered and weighed as significant the fact Judge Marten himself did
not take affront to Huffman's comments or invoke contempt at the time." 315 Kan. at
683. Judge Marten did not file a disciplinary complaint against Huffman.

       The opposite is true here. It was Judge Commer himself who initiated and filed the
complaint against Davis alleging a possible KRPC 3.5(d) violation. And Judge Commer
testified he did take affront to Davis' conduct because the parties, not just the lawyers,
heard Davis' accusation that the court railroaded his client by deciding the case in a
shameful and unjust manner inconsistent with the applicable law. In this context, Judge
Commer believed Davis' conduct was degrading to the tribunal—not necessarily to him
personally—but to the concept of an independent judiciary as a whole.

                                                   64
         Upon review of the entire record, a majority of the court finds clear and
convincing evidence supports the panel's conclusion that Davis violated KRPC 3.5(d) by
engaging in undignified or discourteous conduct degrading to a tribunal. In reaching this
decision, the majority considered and weighed as significant the fact that Judge Commer
initiated and filed the complaint against Davis and that Judge Commer took affront to
Davis' conduct as degrading to the tribunal in the sense that it undermined the concept of
an independent judiciary. A minority of the court would find no violation of KRPC 3.5(d)
based on a lack of clear and convincing evidence to support the violation.

   2. KRPC 8.2(a) (false statement about judge's integrity)

         KRPC 8.2(a) prohibits a lawyer from making "a statement that the lawyer knows
to be false or with reckless disregard as to its truth or falsity concerning the qualifications
or integrity of a judge." The hearing panel found Davis violated the rule by knowingly or
with reckless disregard making false statements about Judge Commer's qualifications and
integrity in his written response to Judge Commer's complaint. The panel identified the
following false statements about Judge Commer's qualifications and integrity made by
Davis:

         • Judge Commer's bar complaint alleging Davis had a conflict of interest was
            frivolous and untruthful because Judge Commer knew when he filed it that
            Davis had no conflict of interest;

         • Judge Commer filed the bar complaint alleging Davis had a conflict of interest
            in order to retaliate against Davis for exposing Judge Commer's decision as
            wrong, unfair, unjust, and made in order to accommodate the judge's personal
            vacation plans; and
                                                 65
       • Judge Commer filed the bar complaint alleging Davis had a conflict of interest
           to deter Davis from appealing the judgment.

       In support of its conclusion that Davis' statements about Judge Commer were false,
the panel cited Judge Commer's testimony from the disciplinary hearing stating he did not
file the bar complaint against Davis to retaliate or to deter Davis from appealing. To the
contrary, Judge Commer testified he believed there was a substantial likelihood Davis
committed an ethical violation when he filed his complaint.

       In support of its conclusion that Davis knowingly or recklessly made the false
statements about Judge Commer's qualifications and integrity, the panel cited to Davis'
own testimony at the disciplinary hearing:

       "I can't tell you what Judge Commer's motives are. I can tell you what I thought they
       were that day. I can tell you what I think they were today and those aren't the same thing
       because things have happened between now and that day. . . .

                ....

               " . . . And, you know, that's what I said, what I said when I said. Today it was
       dumb. Shouldn't have sent [the email]. And I would take it back every time, 10 out of 10
       times, if I got asked the question."

       A majority of the court finds clear and convincing evidence supports the panel's
conclusion that Davis violated KRPC 8.2(a) by knowingly or recklessly making false
statements about Judge Commer's qualifications and integrity. A minority of the court

                                                   66
would find no violation of KRPC 8.2(a) based on a lack of clear and convincing evidence
to support the violation.

C. T.R. Complaint

       The ODA charged Davis with violating KRPC 1.15(b) (failing to promptly deliver
funds belonging to a third person), KRPC 4.1(a) (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 403)
(truthfulness in statements to others), and KRPC 4.4(a) (2022 Kan. S. Ct. R. at 406)
(respect for rights of third persons). The hearing panel found no clear and convincing
evidence to establish any of these violations. The ODA filed exceptions, arguing the
panel ignored the clear and convincing evidence it presented.

       We agree with the panel that the ODA's evidence is not clear and convincing. As
for the settlement agreement and placing the funds in his trust account, the panel found
Davis had a duty to protect his client's legal interests and gather adequate evidence to
confirm whether T.R. was the judgment debtor before releasing the funds. The panel
noted T.R. could have filed a motion with the court at any time but chose instead to
negotiate with Davis. The panel also noted Davis tried to return the funds through
attorney Mark Logan, who did not respond, and given the garnishee's anger and rather
aggressive interactions with Davis, Davis was justified in wanting to protect himself and
his client. Finally, the panel said that while Davis never reached a conclusion with 100%
certainty that he had garnished the wrong person's earnings, he and his client ultimately
concluded that they should refund the collected amounts to T.R. Thus, there was no clear
and convincing evidence that the "inconsistent results" from the investigation language
was a knowingly false statement.

                                             67
D. Summary of Violations

      We have reviewed the hearing panel's findings of fact and conclusions of law on
Davis' rule violations and summarize our conclusions below.

      In the Ragsdale complaint, a majority of the court finds clear and convincing
evidence supports the panel's conclusion that Davis violated

   • KRPC 1.15(a) (safekeeping property) by placing his client's payment for the cost
      of the deposition in his operating account instead of his trust account.

   • KRPC 3.1 (meritorious claim in good faith) by defending against Ragsdale's suit
      in small claims court seeking payment of the deposition invoice on grounds that he
      did not owe the $37.50 appearance fee when he acknowledged he owed it both
      before and after the court appearance. A minority of the court would find no
      violation of KRPC 3.1.

   • KRPC 4.1(a) (truthfulness in statements to others) by falsely telling Ragsdale he
      had placed a check in the mail to pay the deposition invoice. A minority of the
      court would find no violation of KRPC 4.1(a).

   • KRPC 4.4(a) (respect for rights of third persons) by telling Ragsdale over a period
      of three months that he planned to pay the deposition invoice. A minority of the
      court would find no violation of KRPC 4.4(a).

   • KRPC 8.1 (false statement in disciplinary matters) by falsely telling disciplinary
      investigator that he sent a check to Ragsdale for the $37.50 appearance fee and
                                            68
      falsely telling former Disciplinary Administrator two years later that his client sent
      the $37.50 appearance fee directly to the court reporter.

   • KRPC 8.4(c) (dishonest conduct) (the conduct establishing this violation is
      indistinguishable from the conduct establishing the KRPC 4.1[a] and 8.1
      violations).

      In the Judge Commer complaint, a majority of the court finds clear and convincing
evidence supports the panel's conclusion that Davis violated

   • KRPC 3.5(d) (conduct degrading to tribunal) by engaging in undignified or
      discourteous conduct degrading to the concept of a fair and independent judiciary
      —in front of his client and other parties to the litigation—when he accused the
      court of railroading his client and deciding the case in a shameful and unjust
      manner inconsistent with the applicable law. A minority of the court would find no
      violation of KRPC 3.5(d).

   • KRPC 8.2(a) (false statement about judge's integrity) by stating Judge Commer
      filed the bar complaint alleging Davis had a conflict of interest not based on the
      facts, but solely to retaliate against Davis for exposing Judge Commer's decision
      as wrong, unfair, unjust, and made to accommodate the judge's personal vacation
      plans. A minority of the court would find no violation of KRPC 8.2(a).

   Finally, we find no clear and convincing evidence to establish any violations in the
T.R. complaint.

                                            69
                                        DISCIPLINE

       The remaining question is the appropriate discipline. We generally look to the
American Bar Association Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions to aid in
determining discipline. That framework considers "four factors in determining
punishment: (1) the ethical duty violated by the lawyer; (2) the lawyer's mental state; (3)
the actual or potential injury resulting from the lawyer's misconduct; and (4) the existence
of aggravating or mitigating factors." In re Hodge, 307 Kan. 170, 231, 407 P.3d 613
(2017). The panel considered these same factors.

       As for the duty violated, the panel determined Davis "violated his duty to his client
L.Y." and his duty "to the public, to the legal system, and to the legal profession." But
clear and convincing evidence does not support the finding that Davis violated a duty to
L.Y. Although Davis admitted violating KRPC 1.15(a) requiring a lawyer to hold
property of clients or third persons separate from the lawyer's own property, the evidence
does not support a finding that L.Y. owned the funds when she paid for deposition costs
already incurred.

       As to mental state, the panel found Davis intentionally told Ragsdale the check
was in the mail when it was not, intentionally told the investigator that he sent a check to
Ragsdale for the $37.50 appearance fee when he had not, and intentionally told the
former Disciplinary Administrator two years later that his client sent the $37.50
appearance fee directly to the court reporter when his client had not. It found Davis
knowingly placed his client's payment in his operating account, knowingly denied owing
the $37.50 deposition appearance fee in small claims court, knowingly delayed payment
to Ragsdale over three months, knowingly engaged in undignified conduct degrading to
the tribunal, and knowingly made false statements about Judge Commer's integrity.
                                             70
       As for injury, the panel found wasted time and energy (Ragsdale pursuing small
claims suit), wasted resources (small claims court and ODA), and conversion of funds
(client L.Y.). Again, we find clear and convincing evidence does not support a finding
that Davis converted funds owned by L.Y. or that L.Y. suffered any injury as a result of
Davis placing those funds in his operating account rather than his trust account. We find
injury to the small claims court and the ODA in terms of wasted resources to be de
minimis. This leaves a singular injury suffered by Ragsdale in terms of wasted time and
energy in pursuing the small claims suit.

       In terms of aggravating factors, the panel found the violations in the Ragsdale
complaint and the Judge Commer complaint did not establish a pattern of conduct and
thus was not an aggravating factor. The panel found aggravating but gave reduced weight
to Davis' prior misconduct when he was a youth due to its remoteness in time, the fact
that Davis self-reported the misconduct, and the fact that the Kansas Board of Law
Examiners chose to allow Davis to take the bar exam despite the misconduct. The panel
found aggravating the fact that Davis committed multiple offenses in the current
disciplinary case and his conduct included false statements motivated by dishonesty and
selfishness. The ODA argues the violations establish a pattern of conduct and takes
exception to giving Davis' prior misconduct reduced weight. We are not persuaded by the
ODA's arguments.

       The panel found four mitigating factors, two of which it found compelling. The
first compelling mitigating factor was Davis' physical health condition related to his heart
transplant. The second was his personal and emotional condition related to his heart
transplant. The panel also found Davis' inexperience in the practice of law and his good
character and reputation in the community to be mitigating factors. The ODA takes
                                             71
exception to the panel's finding that the physical and mental disability conditions suffered
by Davis were compelling factors for mitigation purposes. Specifically, the ODA argues
that to find Davis' physical and mental disability conditions compelling factors for
mitigation purposes, the panel needed to establish a causal connection between the
conditions and the misconduct. We disagree and find no support in the ABA standards or
our caselaw for the ODA's position.

       Based on its assessment of the four punishment factors, the panel recommends
Davis be suspended for 90 days and then placed on probation for two years. The panel
also recommends Davis undergo a psychological evaluation and follow all
recommendations resulting from the evaluation. The ODA recommends Davis be
indefinitely suspended. Davis seeks a published censure or that he be suspended for an
unspecified period of time to be stayed while he is placed on probation.

       "In any given case, this court is not bound by the recommendations from the
hearing panel or the Disciplinary Administrator. 'Each disciplinary sanction is based on
the specific facts and circumstances of the violations and the aggravating and mitigating
circumstances presented in the case.' [Citations omitted.]" In re Hodge, 307 Kan. at 230.

       After carefully considering the evidence presented, the exceptions filed by Davis
and the ODA, and the ABA Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions, a majority of this
court holds that published censure is the appropriate discipline. In deciding on published
censure as the appropriate discipline, we rely on ABA Standard 5.13 (reprimand
generally appropriate when lawyer knowingly engages in conduct that involves
dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation). See In re Spencer, 317 Kan. 70, 86, 524
P.3d 57 (2023) (published censure appropriate sanction for lawyer who committed "a
misdemeanor that involved dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation which
                                            72
adversely reflected on his fitness to practice law but did not seriously adversely reflect on
his fitness to practice law"). We also find Davis' physical and mental condition related to
his heart transplant during the relevant time period to be a compelling mitigating factor in
deciding on published censure as the appropriate discipline. A minority of the court
would impose more severe discipline.

                                        CONCLUSION

       IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Richard K. Davis is disciplined by published
censure to be published in accordance with Supreme Court Rule 225(a)(5) (2023 Kan. S.
Ct. R. at 281) for violations of KRPC 1.15(a), 3.1, 4.1(a), 4.4(a), 8.1(a), 8.4(c), 3.5(d),
and 8.2(a).

       IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the costs of these proceedings be assessed to the
respondent and that this opinion be published in the official Kansas Reports.

                                             ***

       STEGALL, J., concurring: My view of this case is captured in the phrase "a
minority of the court would . . ." in the opinion above (with the exception of the
discipline imposed). Most of the time that is sufficient in an attorney discipline case. I
take the unusual step of writing today to emphasize the danger we court with our ruling
on the Judge Commer complaint. Respondent's argument that Judge Commer's vacation
plans influenced his decision was within the realm of plausibility and grounded in the
actual exchange that took place. But our ruling today goes a long way toward making it
unethical for attorneys to push back against judicial actions they consider either wrong,
unjust, or unethical. Certainly decorum toward the tribunal must be balanced with an
                                              73
attorney's obligation to zealously advocate for his or her client. Judicial tolerance of
criticism fosters such a balance and is integral to our adversarial system.

       Perhaps more importantly, it does the judicial branch no favors to present publicly
with a collective glass chin. Rather than preserving a reputation for fairness and integrity,
oversensitivity to criticism and circling-the-wagons tends to give the impression that
judges can dish but they can't take. This perception can undermine the rule of law if it
lends credence to the worry harbored by some that judges and other powerful actors in
our democracy are protected from accountability by a system not based on law but on
power imbalances. To ward off such destabilizing suspicions, I would give significantly
more ethical latitude to attorneys arguing their clients' causes in court. And when lines
are crossed, contempt proceedings are a better tool in the judge's tool-belt for maintaining
the dignity and decorum of the judicial system.

       WILSON and WALL, JJ., join the foregoing concurring opinion.

                                              74