Court Opinion

ID: 47586
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 23:24:38+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:03:22.581792
License: Public Domain

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

              IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                      FILED
                       FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                         ________________________ ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                 APR 17, 2006
                                No. 05-15698                   THOMAS K. KAHN
                            Non-Argument Calendar                  CLERK
                          ________________________

                      D. C. Docket No. 03-22141-CV-ASG

ROBERT F. CLARKE,

                                                                Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                      versus

HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES,
Tommy Thompson, Secretary,

                                                               Defendant-Appellee.

                          ________________________

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Southern District of Florida
                        _________________________

                                 (April 17, 2006)

Before CARNES, BARKETT and PRYOR, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

     Robert F. Clarke, proceeding pro se, appeals (1) the district court’s grant of
the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services’s (“HHS”) motion to dismiss his

appeal of the administrative law judge’s (“ALJ”) denial of his claim for

reimbursement from his Medicare + Choice Organization, AVMED Health Plan

(“AVMED”), for medical procedures paid out-of-pocket, and (2) the district

court’s denial of his motion to reconsider or reopen the case.

                                  BACKGROUND

      After his claim for reimbursement for medical procedures paid out-of-pocket

was denied by AVMED, Clarke filed an appeal with an ALJ. The ALJ denied

Clarke’s appeal, and he timely appealed to the district court, arguing that the ALJ

had abused her discretion in denying his claim. The district court adopted the

magistrate judge’s report and recommendation (“R&R”), which recommended

granting HHS’s Rule 12(c) motion to dismiss and denying Clarke’s motion for

summary judgment. Final judgment granting the Rule 12(c) motion was entered

on December 1, 2004. In a letter styled “Followup to petition” dated

December 6, 2004, but not filed with the district court until July 26, 2005, Clarke

asked the court for information regarding the status of his case because he had

received the final judgment but had not received a copy of the R&R, and he asked

the court to rule in his favor on the underlying reimbursement claim. The district

court denied Clarke’s “Followup to petition,” which it had construed as a motion

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for reconsideration of the order dismissing his case. Clarke then filed a “request to

open closed case due to nonreceipt of important papers,” arguing that he had not

received a copy of the R&R and stating that he had attempted to contact the court

numerous times via facsimile with no response. On September 14, 2005, the

district court denied Clarke’s motion to reopen because he did not provide any

“grounds for relief that were not already presented in his [last motion] or

considered by the Court in entering” the final judgment. On October 7, 2005,

Clarke filed a notice of appeal, which, when broadly read, indicates his intent to

appeal both the dismissal of his case on December 1, 2004, and the September 14,

2005 denial of his motion to reopen.

                                   DISCUSSION

      On appeal, Clarke first argues that the district court erred in granting HHS’s

motion to dismiss. The government responds that Clarke’s appeal of the district

court’s dismissal order, entered December 1, 2004, is barred because he failed to

file a notice of appeal within the applicable 60-day period.

      We are “obligated to inquire into subject-matter jurisdiction sua sponte

whenever it may be lacking.” Cadet v. Bulger, 377 F.3d 1173, 1179 (11th Cir.

2004) (citation omitted). While the complaints of pro se litigants should be

liberally construed, we have held that “[l]iberal construction does not mean liberal

                                          3
deadlines.” Wayne v. Jarvis, 197 F.3d 1098, 1104 (11th Cir. 1999), overruled on

other grounds by Manders v. Lee, 338 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2003). A notice of

appeal in a civil case must be filed within 60 days if the United States is a party.

Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(B). In a civil case, lack of notice of entry of an order or

judgment does not excuse the failure to file a timely notice of appeal, except as

provided in Fed. R. App. P. 4(a). Fed. R. Civ. P. 77(d). In civil cases, Fed. R.

App. P. 4(a)(6) provides that a party who does not receive notice of the entry of an

order or judgment may, by filing a motion within 180 days of the entry of the order

or judgment or within 7 days of receipt of such notice, whichever is earlier, request

the district court to reopen the time for appeal for a period of 14 days. Under the

district court’s local rules, “[a]ll civil and criminal pleadings, motions, and other

papers tendered for filing shall . . . [n]ot be transmitted to the Clerk or any Judge

by facsimile telecopier.” S.D. Fla. R. 5.1(a)(7).

      Clarke’s October 2005 notice of appeal was not timely as to the entry of the

final judgment of December 1, 2004. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(B). Clarke

argued to the district court that he did not receive the R&R, but he never claimed

that he did not receive copies of the court’s order granting HHS’s Rule 12(c)

motion and the final judgment. In fact, in his “Followup to petition” he conceded

that he received a copy of the final judgment only three days after it was entered.

                                            4
Furthermore, he did not file any motion that could be construed as a motion to

reopen the time for appeal until he filed his “Followup to petition” on

July 26, 2005—237 days after the final judgment was entered. See Fed. R. App. P.

4(a)(6); Wayne, 197 F.3d at 1104. Finally, any motions or letters requesting

similar relief that he sent via facsimile to the district court violated that court’s

local rules and were not properly filed. S.D.Fla.R. 5.1(a)(7).

         Clarke next argues that the district court erred in denying his motion to

reconsider or reopen because he never received the R&R or any responses to

repeated facsimiles he sent to the court to inquire about the status of his case.

         As an initial matter, we must determine under what authority Clarke’s

motion was filed.1 Because the time requirement for the filing of a Fed. Rule Civ.

P. 60(b) motion is liberal and allows for a filing simply within a “reasonable time,”

or under subsections (1), (2), and (3), within a year of judgment, Clarke’s motion

to reopen could only have been brought pursuant to Rule 60(b). See Vencor

Hosps., Inc. v. Standard Life & Accident Ins. Co., 279 F.3d 1306, 1311 (11th Cir.

2002).

         Under Rule 60(b), a litigant can request relief from a court order or

         1
          There are three possibilities here: ( 1) a Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(6) motion to reopen the
time to appeal, which, as noted above, was untimely; (2) a Fed. R. Civ. P. 59 motion to alter or
amend judgment, which was untimely because he did not file the motion within ten days of the
entry of final judgment; or (3) a Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) motion for reconsideration.

                                                 5
judgment based upon a showing of, inter alia, “(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise,

or excusable neglect . . . or (6) any other reason justifying relief from the operation

of the judgment.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b). In this case, Clarke did not state what part

of 60(b) he was relying on when filing his motion to reopen, but claimed that he

did not receive a copy of the R&R and did not know to file objections to it, which

could be covered under either 60(b)(1), for excusable neglect, or the 60(b)(6)

residual clause.

      Indeed, we have held that “for purposes of Rule 60(b), excusable neglect is

understood to encompass situations in which the failure to comply with a filing

deadline is attributable to negligence. . . . [W]hether a party’s neglect of a deadline

may be excused is an equitable decision turning on all relevant circumstances

surrounding the party’s omission.” Cheney v. Anchor Glass Container Corp., 71

F.3d 848, 850 (11th Cir. 1996) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).

Factors to be weighed in that analysis include “the danger of prejudice to the

[opposing party], the length of the delay and its potential impact on judicial

proceedings, the reason for the delay, including whether it was within the

reasonable control of the movant, and whether the movant acted in good faith.” Id.

(brackets in original) (citations and quotations omitted). We also have held that a

Rule 60(b)(6) motion, in which a court has discretion to grant a motion for “any

                                           6
other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment,” is intended “only

for extraordinary circumstances.” Toole v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 235 F.3d

1307, 1316 (11th Cir. 2000) (citation omitted).2

       Here, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to

reopen because it found that Clarke did not assert any new arguments or facts in

his motion that would have changed the outcome of the final judgment.

See Braxton v. Estelle, 641 F.2d 392, 397 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981) (finding that any

error in failure to serve appellant with the R&R was harmless where the appellant

did not allege new contentions or facts that he would have asserted by way of

objections to the recommendation). Rather, he reiterated his prior arguments that

he had not received the R&R and had attempted to fax the district court many

times to inquire about his case. Furthermore, Clarke could not establish either (1)

excusable neglect or (2) extraordinary circumstances for filing his motion to

reopen over 200 days after entry of the final judgment, because although he stated

that he attempted to file numerous inquiries with the district court concerning the

final judgment as early as 5 days after that document was filed, he stated that his

       2
          We review a district court's denial of Rule 60(b) relief for an abuse of discretion. Burke
v. Smith, 252 F.3d 1260, 1263 (11th Cir. 2001). In an appeal of the denial of a Rule 60(b)
motion, or a motion construed as a Rule 60(b) motion, the appeal shall be limited to a
determination of whether the district court abused its discretion in denying the motion, and it
shall not extend to the validity of the underlying judgment. See Am. Bankers Ins. Co. of Fla. v.
Northwestern Nat'l Ins. Co., 198 F.3d 1332, 1338 (11th Cir. 1999).

                                                 7
inquiries were made via facsimile, which violated the district court’s local rule. S.

D. Fla. R. 5.1(a)(7).

      While Clarke was proceeding pro se, prior to the court’s ruling on HHS’s

12(c) motion, the magistrate had apprised him via court order that he must not send

letters, motions, or other documents directly to the judges or the clerk, and he must

adhere to the federal rules when filing papers with the court. Additionally, had he

filed as many documents without answer from the court as he claims, it seems

logical that he would change his manner of inquiry before 237 days had passed

(from the December 1, 2004 final judgment to Clarke’s motion filed on July 26,

2005). See Greenawalt v. Stewart, 105 F.3d 1268, 1273 (9th Cir. 1997) abrogation

on other grounds recognized by Jackson v. Roe, 425 F.3d 654 (9th Cir. 2005)

(holding that failure to appeal “may be attributable to inattention or inexperience,

but neither deficiency constitutes an extraordinary circumstance that justifies Rule

60(b)(6) relief”).

      Accordingly, we dismiss the appeal insofar as it relates to the district court’s

dismissal of Clarke’s reimbursement claim and affirm the denial of Clarke’s

motion to reopen his case.

      DISMISSED IN PART, AFFIRMED IN PART.

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