Court Opinion

ID: 9404537
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-06-23 14:05:36.873855+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:15.079352
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: JUNE 16, 2023; 10:00 A.M.
                        NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                Commonwealth of Kentucky
                          Court of Appeals
                             NO. 2022-CA-1525-ME

WILLIAM A. JONES                                                     APPELLANT

                 APPEAL FROM FAYETTE CIRCUIT COURT
v.                HONORABLE LIBBY G. MESSER, JUDGE
                      ACTION NO. 21-D-01282-002

HANNA KROSKIE                                                          APPELLEE

                                   OPINION
                                  AFFIRMING

                                  ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE; ECKERLE AND LAMBERT,
JUDGES.

THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE: William Jones appeals from the Fayette Circuit

Court’s granting of an interpersonal protective order (IPO) in favor of Hanna

Kroskie. We find no error and affirm.

                   FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

            Appellee alleged that on October 18, 2021, Appellant sexually

assaulted her at a hotel. Appellant claimed no such assault occurred. At the time,
Appellant was the President of Georgetown College and Appellee was an

employee of the college. Appellant and Appellee were at the hotel for a work-

related event.

             On November 1, 2021, Appellee petitioned for an IPO due to the

alleged sexual assault and a temporary order of protection was entered. A hearing

on the petition was then scheduled for November 10, 2021. The record is unclear

as to why, but the hearing was postponed until April 20, 2022. The temporary

protective order was to expire on May 1, 2022.

             Prior to the April hearing, the parties agreed that neither would attend

the hearing and that the temporary protective order would be allowed to expire.

An agreed order was entered to this effect.

             On April 28, 2022, Appellee filed another petition for an IPO.

Another temporary protection order was entered and a hearing was set for May 11,

2022. At that hearing, the court discussed that the original IPO petition had

expired. The court then scheduled a hearing for the new IPO petition for August

15, 2022. This date was later rescheduled.

             A hearing finally occurred on October 31, 2022, and both Appellant

and Appellee testified. Appellee testified to the events prior to the sexual assault

and described the assault itself. Appellant testified that he could not remember

everything that occurred the evening of the alleged assault because he had been

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drinking; however, he was adamant that no sexual assault occurred. During the

hearing, social media posts, text messages, and surveillance video were discussed.

None of these were entered into evidence at that time; however, at the conclusion

of the hearing, the court indicated it would allow the parties to submit these items

into evidence and they would be considered. Ultimately, none of them were

submitted into evidence.

             The parties returned to court on November 17, 2022, for closing

arguments. The court also orally announced that it was granting the IPO. That

same day, the IPO was entered. The written order stated that the court believed

Appellee was the more credible witness and the decision was based on her

testimony. This appeal followed.

                                    ANALYSIS

             Appellant raises multiple issues on appeal; however, the majority of

them are unpreserved. Appellant argues that the second petition for IPO should

have been dismissed based on res judicata and double jeopardy. He also argues

that the trial judge intentionally falsified information on the court document which

dismissed the first petition for IPO. Also, Appellant claims that the IPO hearing

was not held in a timely manner. None of these issues were raised before the trial

court; therefore, they are unpreserved. “The Court of Appeals is without authority

to review issues not raised in or decided by the trial court.” Regional Jail

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Authority v. Tackett, 770 S.W.2d 225, 228 (Ky. 1989); see also Shelton v.

Commonwealth, 928 S.W.2d 817, 818 (Ky. App. 1996). “[E]rrors to be considered

for appellate review must be precisely preserved and identified in the lower court.”

Skaggs v. Assad, by and through Assad, 712 S.W.2d 947, 950 (Ky. 1986) (citation

omitted).

             The only issue raised by Appellant which is ripe for our review is that

the evidence was insufficient to grant the IPO.

             Kentucky Revised Statute (KRS) 456.060(1) states that “[f]ollowing a

hearing . . . , if a court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that dating

violence and abuse, sexual assault, or stalking has occurred and may again occur,

the court may issue an interpersonal protective order[.]” “The preponderance of

the evidence standard is satisfied when sufficient evidence establishes the alleged

victim was more likely than not to have been a victim of . . . violence.” Dunn v.

Thacker, 546 S.W.3d 576, 580 (Ky. App. 2018) (citation omitted).

                    The family court’s findings of fact will only be
             disturbed if clearly erroneous. [Kentucky Rules of Civil
             Procedure (CR)] 52.01[.] A finding of fact is clearly
             erroneous if it is not supported by substantial evidence.
             Substantial evidence is evidence, when taken alone or in
             light of all the evidence, which has sufficient probative
             value to induce conviction in the mind of a reasonable
             person. We review questions of law de novo.

                   In our review of an IPO, the test is not whether we
             would have decided it differently, but whether the
             findings of the [family] judge were clearly erroneous or

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             that he abused his discretion. Abuse of discretion occurs
             when a court’s decision is unreasonable, unfair, arbitrary
             or capricious. [W]e give much deference to a decision by
             the family court, but we cannot countenance actions that
             are arbitrary, capricious or unreasonable.

Sewell v. Sweet, 637 S.W.3d 330, 334 (Ky. App. 2021) (internal quotation marks

and citations omitted).

                   In its role as factfinder, the trial court may
             necessarily have to consider the credibility of each
             witness. The trier of fact has the right to believe the
             evidence presented by one litigant in preference to
             another . . . [and] may believe any witness in whole or in
             part. The trier of fact may take into consideration all the
             circumstances of the case, including the credibility of the
             witness. On appeal, we are mindful of the trial court’s
             opportunity to assess the credibility of each witness, and
             as such, we would only alter the court’s findings if they
             were clearly erroneous.

Id. at 335 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).

             In the case at hand, we believe there was substantial evidence to

support the trial court’s conclusion that a sexual assault had occurred. The only

evidence submitted to the court was the testimony of Appellant and Appellee. The

trial court found Appellee’s testimony to be the most credible and relied on that to

enter its judgment. The trial court did not err.

             The court also held that a sexual assault may occur again. Appellee

testified that, although she was no longer working for Georgetown College, she

was still afraid of Appellant. She also testified that Appellant had made social

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media posts about her and she believed Appellant had become emboldened.1 This

testimony supports the idea that an assault could occur again and the trial court

specifically mentioned this testimony in its findings. When announcing its

findings orally after closing arguments, the court also considered the fact that there

is ongoing contact between Appellant and Appellee. While the court did not

elaborate, we believe this was in reference to the multiple civil lawsuits that are

ongoing and, at least partially, revolve around the alleged sexual assault. The

court’s conclusion that an assault could happen again is not clearly erroneous in

this case.

                                      CONCLUSION

               Based on the foregoing, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court.

               ALL CONCUR.

    BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:                        BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

    Kyle T. Thompson                            Cheryl U. Lewis
    Frankfort, Kentucky                         Hyden, Kentucky

1
  We note that the social media posts were not entered into evidence; therefore, we do not know
the exact nature of the statements.

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