Court Opinion

ID: 5648680
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-11 17:10:52.047391+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:38:28.006827
License: Public Domain

J-A25019-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :         PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    MELVIN ORTIZ                               :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :    No. 2086 MDA 2018

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 21, 2018
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-06-CR-0001050-1998

BEFORE:       BOWES, J., OLSON, J., and KING, J.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                           FILED: JANUARY 11, 2022

       Appellant, Melvin Ortiz, appeals from the June 21, 2018 judgment of

sentence, as made final by the denial of Appellant’s post-sentence motion on

November 26, 2018.1 We affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence but vacate

the order denying Appellant’s post-sentence motion, in part, and remand this

case for further proceedings in accordance with this memorandum.2
____________________________________________

1 A review of Appellant’s notice of appeal demonstrates that he sought to
appeal from the November 26, 2018 order denying his post-sentence motion.
See Notice of Appeal, 12/20/18. It is well-settled that “[i]n a criminal action,
[an] appeal properly lies from the judgment of sentence made final by the
denial of post-sentence motions.” Commonwealth v. Shamberger, 788
A.2d 408, 410 n.2 (Pa. Super. 2001) (en banc) (citation omitted), appeal
denied, 800 A.2d 932 (Pa. 2002). Therefore, Appellant’s appeal lies from the
June 21, 2018 judgment of sentence. The caption has been corrected
accordingly.

2 The trial court order disposing of Appellant’s post-sentence motion on
November 26, 2018, denied a portion of Appellant’s post-sentence motion that
J-A25019-20

       The record demonstrates that on May 28, 1999, a jury convicted

Appellant of second-degree murder, robbery, aggravated assault (death or

serious bodily injury caused), recklessly endangering another person,

possession of an instrument of crime, criminal attempt to commit theft by

unlawful taking, and criminal conspiracy.3 Appellant’s convictions arose from

the shooting death of a victim during an attempted robbery of a restaurant in

Reading, Pennsylvania on December 23, 1997. At the time of the incident,

Appellant was 17 years old.          On June 15, 1999, the trial court sentenced

Appellant to life imprisonment without parole for second-degree murder, as

well as 10 to 20 years’ incarceration for conspiracy to commit robbery and

2½ to 5 years’ incarceration for possession of an instrument of crime. The

trial court imposed the latter two sentences consecutive to Appellant’s life

sentence.4    In total, Appellant’s aggregate sentence was life imprisonment
____________________________________________

raised a claim of after-discovered evidence. For reasons discussed more fully
infra, the trial court should have treated this aspect of Appellant’s
post-sentence motion as a petition pursuant to the Post-Conviction Relief Act
(“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. Because the trial court did not address
Appellant’s claim alleging after-discovered evidence under the correct legal
framework, we vacate that portion of the November 26, 2018 order and
remand for further proceedings consistent with this memorandum.

3 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2502(b), 3701(a)(1)(i), 2702(a)(1), 2705, 907(a), 901, and
903(a)(1) and (2), respectively. The jury found Appellant not guilty of
third-degree murder, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(c), and aggravated assault (bodily
injury caused with a deadly weapon), 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(4).

4 Appellant’s convictions of robbery, aggravated assault (death or serious
bodily injury caused), recklessly endangering another person, and criminal
attempt to commit theft by unlawful taking merged for sentencing purposes.

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followed by 22½ to 45 years’ imprisonment. This Court affirmed Appellant’s

judgment of sentence, and Appellant did not seek discretionary review with

our Supreme Court.          See Commonwealth v. Ortiz, 1145 MDA 1999

(Pa. Super. Filed June 13, 2000) (unpublished memorandum).

       Between May 2001, and October 2012, Appellant filed five PCRA

petitions, as well as a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the United States

District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Ultimately, Appellant

was denied relief on each petition. On February 8, 2016, Appellant filed his

sixth PCRA petition, alleging,

       I am eligible for relief because I was 17 years of age at the time
       of the offense and imposition of a sentence of mandatory life in
       prison [without parole] is a violation of the Eighth Amendment’s
       prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment and Article I,
       Section 13 of the [Pennsylvania] Constitution as interpreted by
       Miller v. Alabama, [567 U.S. 460 (2012)]. On January 25, 2016,
       the United States Supreme Court[, in Montgomery v. Louisiana,
       136 S.Ct. 718 (2016),] held [that the] Miller decision [was]
       retroactive to collateral review. In addition, I am eligible for relief
       based on the Commonwealth’s suppression of information
       material to [my] defense in violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373
       U.S. 83 [] (1963) and Smith v. Cain, [565 U.S. 73 (2012).]

Appellant’s PCRA Petition, 2/8/16, at ¶6. Appellant’s PCRA petition set forth

two grounds for relief. See Appellant’s Memorandum of Law Supporting PCRA

Petition, 2/8/16, at unnumbered pages 19-22.          Appellant’s first ground for

relief requested resentencing based upon the claim that Appellant’s current

____________________________________________

Appellant was also ordered to pay a $1,000.00 fine and $17,830.03 in
restitution.

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sentence of mandatory life imprisonment without parole violated the Fifth,

Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution

pursuant to Miller, supra, which was held to apply retroactively in

Montgomery, supra.           Appellant’s Memorandum of Law Supporting PCRA

Petition, 2/8/16, at unnumbered pages 19-20. Appellant’s second ground for

relief sought a new trial on the basis that the Commonwealth’s nondisclosure

of certain material violated Appellant’s due process rights under the Fifth,

Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments pursuant to Brady, supra, and Giglio v.

United States, 405 U.S. 150 (1972).              Appellant’s Memorandum of Law

Supporting PCRA Petition, 2/8/16, at unnumbered pages 20-22.

       On February 18, 2016, the PCRA court granted Appellant’s petition, in

part, pursuant to Miller, supra, and Montgomery, supra.5 As to Appellant’s

Brady claim, the PCRA court ordered the Commonwealth to file an answer to

Appellant’s request for a new trial within 30 days. See PCRA Court Order,

2/18/16. In the meantime, the trial court stayed Appellant’s resentencing

pending our Supreme Court’s decision in Commonwealth v. Batts, 163 A.3d

410 (Pa. 2017) (“Batts II”).
____________________________________________

5 The Commonwealth’s answer to Appellant’s PCRA petition is not part of the
certified record. The trial court, however, stated that, “[t]he Commonwealth
conceded [Appellant’s] position and the [o]rder granting relief under [g]round
[o]ne was entered without the need for a hearing or argument.” Trial Court
Opinion, 12/9/19, at ¶11; see also Appellant’s Reply to Commonwealth’s
Answer to PCRA Petition, 3/28/16, at unnumbered page 1 (stating, “[t]he
Commonwealth agree[d] at page 6 of its [answer to Appellant’s PCRA petition]
that [Appellant] is entitled to be resentenced [pursuant to Miller, supra, and
Montgomery, supra]”).

                                           -4-
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       On April 12, 2018, the PCRA court denied Appellant’s petition as to the

Brady claim. See PCRA Court Order, 4/12/18. On June 21, 2018, the trial

court resentenced Appellant to a term of 35 years to life imprisonment for his

conviction of second-degree murder.6             The trial court also resentenced

Appellant to 2½ to 5 years’ incarceration for possession of an instrument of

crime and 10 to 20 years’ incarceration for conspiracy to commit robbery. The

latter two sentences were to run concurrent to Appellant’s sentence for

second-degree murder.7 Appellant’s newly-imposed aggregate sentence was

now 35 years to life imprisonment.

       On June 29, 2018,8 Appellant filed a post-sentence motion pursuant to

Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 720 requesting a new trial based

upon after-discovered evidence or, in the alternative, a modification of his

sentence on the grounds that, inter alia, the trial court miscalculated his prior

record score and his sentence was excessive.            Appellant’s Post-Sentence

Motion, 6/29/18, at 17-27.         On October 11, 2018, the trial court granted

Appellant’s motion to extend the disposition period in which to decide the

____________________________________________

6Appellant received credit for time served of 7,462 days. See Resentencing
Order, 6/21/18.

7 Appellant was again ordered to pay $17,830.03 in restitution.              See
Restitution Order, 6/21/18.

8Appellant’s post-sentence motion is time-stamped as having been received
on June 29, 2018, and on July 27, 2018. A review of the trial court docket
demonstrates that the post-sentence motion was, in fact, received on June
29, 2018.

                                           -5-
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post-sentence motion and ordered that the time for decision be extended

thirty days.     See Trial Court Order, 10/11/18.      Ultimately, the trial court

denied Appellant’s post-sentence motion on November 26, 2018.                   On

December 20, 2018, Appellant filed a notice of appeal. The trial court ordered

Appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal

pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b).            Appellant

timely complied. The trial court subsequently filed its Rule 1925(a) opinion

on December 9, 2019.

      Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

      [1.]     Whether the [trial] court erred in denying [Appellant’s]
               post-sentence motion?

                  A. Whether the [trial] court erred in denying
                     [Appellant’s] motion for [a] new trial based on
                     after[-]discovered evidence?

                  B. Whether the [trial] court erred in denying
                     [Appellant’s] motion to modify [his] sentence?

      [2.]     Whether the [PCRA] court erred in denying [Appellant’s]
               claim presented in his [sixth] PCRA petition that the
               Commonwealth violated Brady[, supra,] and Giglio[,
               supra,] when it withheld the full extent of John
               Caltagirone's criminal record during the trial and failed to
               correct Caltagirone's trial testimony that most of his contact
               with law enforcement had been as a victim and whether the
               appeal of this issue is timely where no [Pennsylvania Rule
               of Criminal Procedure] 907 notice was issued [before] this
               claim was denied?

Appellant’s Brief at 3 (extraneous capitalization omitted).

      Before we address the merits of Appellant’s contentions, we recount the

relevant procedural developments that preceded this appeal, as these events

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shape the course and scope of our review.        In June 1999, Appellant was

sentenced to an aggregate term of life imprisonment followed by 22½ to 45

years’ incarceration for second-degree murder and related offenses, which

were committed when Appellant was 17 years of age. Fast-forward nearly

two decades, five unsuccessful PCRA petitions, and one unsuccessful petition

for writ of habeas corpus, and Appellant filed his sixth PCRA petition on

February 8, 2016. In his sixth PCRA petition, Appellant raised a claim alleging

that his sentence of mandatory life imprisonment without parole was illegal

pursuant to Miller, supra, and Montgomery, supra, because he was 17

years old when the crimes were committed. Appellant also claimed that the

Commonwealth violated his constitutional rights pursuant to Brady, supra,

and its progeny, by failing to disclose certain material. Ultimately, the PCRA

court granted Appellant relief pursuant to Miller, supra, and Montgomery,

supra, but denied his Brady claim. Appellant did not appeal the PCRA court’s

April 12, 2018 order denying his Brady claim.9

       While Appellant awaited resentencing, a recanting witness, as more fully

discussed infra, executed an affidavit on April 24, 2018, in which she recanted

her trial testimony and, for the first time, identified the shooter as someone
____________________________________________

9 A PCRA court’s final order ending a collateral proceeding and calling for a
new sentence, which is a trial court function and not a function of a collateral
proceeding, terminates the PCRA court’s role in the proceeding and shifts the
proceeding back to the trial court. See Commonwealth v. Gaines, 127 A.3d
15, 17-18 (Pa. Super. 2015) (en banc). Hence, the April 12, 2018 order
denying Appellant’s Brady claim constituted a final, appealable order
disposing of Appellant’s sixth PCRA petition. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 910.

                                           -7-
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other than Appellant. Appellant first raised this after-discovered evidence,

namely the recanting witness’s affidavit, during his resentencing hearing on

June 21, 2018. At the resentencing hearing, counsel for Appellant asked the

trial court, prior to imposing Appellant’s new sentence, to consider the

“circumstances of the homicide offense, including the extent of [Appellant’s]

participation in [committing the offense.]”   N.T., 6/21/18, at 21.    Counsel

submitted the recanting witness’s affidavit as after-discovered evidence of

Appellant’s innocence in the shooting death of the victim. Id. at 22. Counsel

also attempted, unsuccessfully, to present the testimony of the recanting

witness at the resentencing hearing. Id. at 24. The Commonwealth asserted

that recantation of the witness’ trial testimony was the subject of Appellant’s

second and fourth PCRA petitions, which were ultimately denied. Id. at 25.

The Commonwealth argued that Appellant’s introduction of the recanting

witness’s affidavit and the attempt to have the recanting witness testify at the

resentencing hearing was an effort to “open [the] door to a second bite at the

apple [of the] PCRA issues that [were previously] resolved.”        Id. at 26.

Ultimately, the trial court accepted for consideration the recanting witness’s

affidavit but denied Appellant’s request to present the testimony of the

recanting witness at the resentencing hearing.     Id. at 27.   The trial court

resentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of 35 years to life imprisonment.

Id. at 44-45.

      On June 29, 2018, Appellant filed a post-sentence motion pursuant to

Rule 720 that requested a new trial based upon after-discovered evidence or,

                                     -8-
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alternatively, requested a modification of his newly-imposed sentence.

Appellant’s Post-Sentence Motion, 6/29/18, at 17-26. Appellant asserted that

Rule 720(C) permitted a new trial based upon after-discovered evidence and

that the recanting witness’s affidavit constituted after-discovered evidence

that satisfied the applicable four-part test for relief.10       Id. at 17-23.

Alternatively, Appellant raised claims alleging that the trial court erroneously

treated his three prior juvenile adjudications as felony convictions and failed

to consider Appellant’s rehabilitation and reform, as well as the degree of

Appellant’s participation in the crime. Id. at 23-26.

       At a hearing on Appellant’s post-sentence motion, the Commonwealth

objected to Appellant’s request for a new trial based upon after-discovered

evidence, arguing that the law of the case doctrine 11 prevented the current
____________________________________________

10 To receive a new trial based on after-discovered evidence, a petitioner (or
a defendant, depending upon the procedural posture of the case) must satisfy
a four-part test requiring:

       the petitioner [(or defendant)] to demonstrate the [after-
       discovered] evidence: (1) could not have been obtained prior to
       the conclusion of the trial by the exercise of reasonable diligence;
       (2) is not merely corroborative or cumulative; (3) will not be used
       solely to impeach the credibility of a witness; and (4) would likely
       result in a different verdict if a new trial were granted.

Commonwealth v. Small, 189 A.3d 961, 972 (Pa. 2018), citing
Commonwealth v. Pagan, 950 A.2d 270 (Pa. 2008), cert. denied, 555 U.S.
1198 (2009).

11The law of the case doctrine “refers to a family of rules which embody the
concept that a court involved in the later phases of a litigated matter should
not reopen questions decided by another judge of that same court or by a

                                           -9-
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trial court from finding that the recanting witness’s affidavit established the

newly-discovered facts exception to the PCRA jurisdictional time-bar because

this Court previously held that similar evidence demonstrating the recanting

witness lied at trial proved unsuccessful in establishing an exception to the

PCRA    jurisdictional    time-bar.       N.T.,    10/10/18,   at    2-16;   see   also

Commonwealth’s Memorandum, 10/19/18, at 7-10.                       In so arguing, the

Commonwealth asserted, in essence, that Appellant was procedurally barred

from raising an after-discovered evidence claim in the context of a

post-sentence motion pursuant to Rule 720(C) and, instead, was required to

raise such a claim in the context of a subsequent PCRA petition, which,

according to the Commonwealth, would be untimely and without exception to

the jurisdictional time-bar. According to the Commonwealth, the trial court,

therefore, did not have jurisdiction to address Appellant’s claim surrounding

the after-discovered evidence because Appellant was not permitted to file such

a claim in a post-sentence motion following resentencing and, even if the

post-sentence motion were deemed a PCRA petition,12 such a petition, or any

subsequent petition, raising the after-discovered evidence claim was untimely

and without exception.
____________________________________________

higher court in the earlier phases of the matter.” Commonwealth v. Starr,
664 A.2d 1326, 1331 (Pa. 1995).

12 In Commonwealth v. Wrecks, this Court stated that any submission filed
after a judgment of sentence became final should be treated as a PCRA
petition if it requested relief contemplated by the PCRA. Commonwealth v.
Wrecks, 934 A.2d 1287, 1289 (Pa. Super. 2007).

                                          - 10 -
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       Appellant argued that the trial court had jurisdiction over the

after-discovered evidence claim because Rule 720(C) permitted Appellant to

file a post-sentence motion raising an after-discovered evidence claim

subsequent to his resentencing. N.T, 10/10/18, at 6 (arguing that, Appellant’s

after-discovered evidence claim is “appropriately before the [trial court] in a

Rule 720 motion”). Appellant asserted that, upon his resentencing, he now

had a new judgment of sentence “and with [that new judgment of sentence]

comes the right to make new challenges to the conviction[,] as well as the

sentence.”13 Appellant’s Memorandum of Law in Support of After-Discovered

Evidence Claim, 10/23/18, at unnumbered page 5. In other words, Appellant

argued that his newly-imposed sentence “reset” the date of his judgment of

sentence for purposes of determining “final judgment” within the context of

the PCRA.

       Ultimately, the trial court overruled the Commonwealth’s jurisdictional

objection and considered the merits of Appellant’s post-sentence motion

pursuant to Rule 720(C). Trial Court Order, 11/16/18.       On November 26,

2018, the trial court denied Appellant’s post-sentence motion, including

Appellant’s request for a new trial based upon after-discovered evidence and

____________________________________________

13 We are cognizant that a defendant has a constitutional right to appeal his
judgment of sentence imposed upon resentencing, however, the direct appeal
of that judgment of sentence is limited to those matters implicated by his
resentencing. Commonwealth v. McKeever, 947 A.2d 782, 786 (Pa. Super.
2008).

                                          - 11 -
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his request for a modification of sentence. Trial Court Order, 11/26/18. On

December 20, 2018, Appellant filed a notice of appeal.

      We first consider Appellant’s claim that the trial court erred in denying

his post-sentence motion to modify his sentence. Here, Appellant argues that

the trial court erroneously considered his juvenile adjudications when

calculating his prior record score.    Additionally, Appellant alleges that his

punishment was excessive because the court failed to consider such factors

as Appellant’s rehabilitation and reform. Appellant’s Post-Sentence Motion,

6/29/18, at 24-26.     These claims challenge the discretionary aspects of

Appellant’s sentence. See Commonwealth v. Sanchez, 848 A.2d 977, 986

(Pa. Super. 2004) (stating that, any misapplication of sentencing guidelines,

including a miscalculation of a prior record score, constitutes a challenge to

the discretionary aspects of a sentence); see also Commonwealth v.

Derrickson, 242 A.3d 667, 679 (Pa. Super. 2020) (stating, this Court

considers claims that the trial court failed to consider relevant sentencing

factors, such as rehabilitation, seriousness of offense, and prior juvenile

record, under the discretionary-aspects-of-sentence analysis).

      Several well-established principles apply when we review challenges to

the discretionary aspects of a sentence.

      The right to appeal the discretionary aspects of a sentence is not
      absolute.    To determine whether an appellant [] properly
      preserved the discretionary aspects of sentencing for appellate
      review, we must conduct the following four-part analysis: (1)
      whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal; (2) whether
      the issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion to
      reconsider and modify sentence; (3) whether appellant's brief has

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       a fatal defect[, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f)]; and (4) whether there is a
       substantial question that the sentence appealed from is not
       appropriate under the Sentencing Code. The determination of
       whether a particular issue raises a substantial question is to be
       evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Generally, however, in order
       to establish a substantial question, the appellant must show
       actions by the sentencing court inconsistent with the Sentencing
       Code or contrary to the fundamental norms underlying the
       sentencing process.

Derrickson, 242 A.3d at 679 (citation and original brackets omitted). If an

appellant fails to file a brief containing a Rule 2119(f) statement 14 but the

Commonwealth does not file an objection, this Court can (1) deny the petition

for allowance of an appeal for failure to invoke this Court’s jurisdiction to

review the challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentence, (2) waive the

procedural defect and consider whether a substantial question exists, or (3)

direct the appellant to file a supplemental Rule 2119(f) statement.

Commonwealth v. Penrod, 578 A.2d 486, 490 (Pa. Super. 1990).

       Here, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal and properly preserved

his challenge to the discretionary aspects of his sentence in his post-sentence

motion. See Appellant’s Post-Sentence Motion, 6/29/18. Appellant, however,

failed to include a Rule 2119(f) statement in his brief, which amounts to a

____________________________________________

14 Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 2119(f) requires “[a]n appellant
who challenges the discretionary aspects of a sentence in a criminal matter
[to] set forth in a separate section of the brief a concise statement of the
reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with respect to the discretionary
aspects of a sentence. The statement shall immediately precede the argument
on the merits with respect to the discretionary aspects of the sentence.”
Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f). The failure to include a Rule 2119(f) statement in the brief
amounts to a procedural defect.

                                          - 13 -
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procedural defect, to which the Commonwealth did not object. Nonetheless,

a review of the argument set forth in Appellant’s brief allows this Court to

determine whether a substantial question exists.      Consequently, we waive

Appellant’s procedural defect. See Commonwealth v. Gambal, 561 A.2d

710, 713 (Pa. 1988) (stating, an appellate court may waive the procedural

defect when the failure to file a Rule 2119(f) statement does not significantly

hamper the appellate court’s ability to determine whether a substantial

question exists).

      Appellant also presents colorable claims that his sentence was contrary

to the Sentencing Code or the fundamental norms of sentencing. For example,

he argues that the trial court miscalculated his prior record score and that his

sentence was excessive because the trial court failed to consider relevant

factors, including his rehabilitation. See Appellant’s Brief at 40-41. We have

previously held that these claims present substantial questions for review.

See Commonwealth v. Johnson, 758 A.2d 1214, 1216 (Pa. Super. 2000)

(stating that, an allegation that a trial court misapplied sentencing guidelines

in computing prior record score presents a substantial question); see also

Derrickson, 242 A.3d at 680 (stating, “an averment that the [trial] court

[imposed a sentence] based solely on the seriousness of the offense and failed

to consider all relevant factors raises a substantial question” (citation

omitted)).   Therefore, we proceed to consider the merits of Appellant’s

discretionary sentencing claim.

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      Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the [trial
      court], and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal absent a
      manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse of
      discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment. Rather,
      the appellant must establish, by reference to the record, that the
      [trial] court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment
      for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill[-]will, or arrived at
      a manifestly unreasonable decision.

Commonwealth v. Blount, 207 A.3d 925, 934-935 (Pa. Super. 2019)

(citation omitted), appeal denied, 218 A.3d 1198 (Pa. 2019). This Court’s

review of the discretionary aspects of a sentence is governed by Section

9781(c) and (d) of the Pennsylvania Sentencing Code.            Section 9781, in

pertinent part, states,

                   § 9781. Appellate review of sentence

                                       ...

      (c) Determination on appeal.--The appellate court shall vacate
      the sentence and remand the case to the sentencing court with
      instructions if it finds:

         (1) the sentencing court purported to sentence within the
         sentencing guidelines but applied the guidelines erroneously;

         (2) the sentencing court sentenced within the sentencing
         guidelines but the case involves circumstances where the
         application of the guidelines would be clearly unreasonable; or

         (3) the sentencing court sentenced outside the sentencing
         guidelines and the sentence is unreasonable.

      In all other cases the appellate court shall affirm the sentence
      imposed by the sentencing court.

      (d) Review of record.--In reviewing the record the appellate
      court shall have regard for:

         (1) The nature and circumstances of the offense and the history
         and characteristics of the defendant.

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         (2) The opportunity of the sentencing court to observe the
         defendant, including any presentence investigation.

         (3) The findings upon which the sentence was based.

         (4) The guidelines promulgated by the commission.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(c) and (d).

      Here, Appellant argues that his prior record score was calculated as a

two based upon the trial court’s error that Appellant’s prior juvenile

delinquency adjudications constituted prior felony convictions.     Appellant’s

Brief at 39. Appellant argues that a juvenile adjudication of delinquency is

not a conviction of a crime and, therefore, cannot be considered a prior felony

conviction for purpose of calculating a prior record score. Id. at 38-39.

      Section 303.6 of the Pennsylvania Sentencing Guidelines, in pertinent

part, states,

       § 303.6. Prior Record Score--prior juvenile adjudications.

      (a) Juvenile adjudication criteria. Prior juvenile adjudications are
      counted in the Prior Record Score when the following criteria are
      met:

           (1) The juvenile offense occurred on or after the offender's
           14th birthday, and

           (2) There was an express finding by the juvenile court that
           the adjudication was for a felony or one of the offenses listed
           in § 303.7(a)(4).

      (b) Only the most serious juvenile adjudication of each prior
      disposition is counted in the Prior Record Score. No other prior
      juvenile adjudication shall be counted in the Prior Record Score.

204 Pa.Code § 303.6(a) and (b).

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       Here, at Appellant’s sentencing hearing, a discussion with regard to

Appellant’s prior record score and his juvenile delinquency adjudications

occurred as follows:

       THE COURT:           [] The presentence investigation [report]
                            indicates things that I also have to consider []
                            that [Appellant] has a prior record score of two.
                            He had an offense as a juvenile in 1994[,] and
                            in 1995. And I reviewed that. [Attorney]
                            Sturm, did you have a chance to review this
                            [report?15]

       [ATTY.] STURM: I did, Your Honor. Thank you.

       THE COURT:           Is it accurate?

       [ATTY.] STURM: I consulted with [Appellant] and he says it is
                      accurate, Your Honor.

       THE COURT:           Okay. [Attorney] Adams,[16] anything else with
                            regard to the presentence [investigation]
                            report?

       [ATTY.] ADAMS: No. There were two offenses in 1994 and one
                      offense in 1995. Yes. Nothing further.

       THE COURT:           Right. We have a felony three receiving stolen
                            property as a juvenile and then a possession of
                            a controlled substance as a juvenile in 1995.

       [ATTY.] ADAMS: Correct.

       THE COURT:           Correct.

       [ATTY.] ADAMS: There were two felony three[ adjudications].

____________________________________________

15 At his resentencing hearing, Appellant was represented by Attorney Cheryl
J. Sturm, Esquire (“Attorney Sturm”).

16Attorney John T. Adams, Esquire represented the Commonwealth at
Appellant’s resentencing hearing.

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      THE COURT:         Right.

      [ATTY.] ADAMS: Yes.

      THE COURT:         1994.

      [ATTY.] ADAMS: Yes.

      [ATTY.] STURM: Yes, Your Honor, I would note that neither one
                     was a crime of violence, but, yes this is an
                     accurate record.

      THE COURT:         Okay. But it still gets your client to a two for a
                         prior record score, correct?

      [ATTY.] STURM: Yes, Your Honor.

N.T., 6/21/18, at 33-34.

      Pursuant to Section 303.6(a), these prior juvenile adjudications of

delinquency were to be considered when calculating Appellant’s prior record

score. Therefore, Appellant’s prior record score was correctly calculated as a

two. See 204 Pa.Code § 303.7 (stating, one point is added to a prior record

score for each prior juvenile adjudication for felony three offenses). Moreover,

Appellant agreed that in 1994, at 14 years old, he was adjudicated delinquent,

as a juvenile, of two felony three crimes, that in 1995 he was adjudicated

delinquent, as a juvenile, of one felony three crime, and, as a result, his prior

record score was correctly calculated as a two. N.T., 6/21/18, at 33-34.

      We next examine Appellant’s claim that the trial court abused its

discretion in failing to consider relevant facts in imposing its sentence. Section

1102.1(c)(1) of the Pennsylvania Crimes Code states that, “[a] person who at

the time of the commission of the offense [of second-degree murder] was 15

years of age or older shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment the

                                     - 18 -
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minimum of which shall be at least 30 years to life.”              18 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 1102.1(c)(1).      “[A] mandatory maximum life sentence is required for

resentencing juvenile offenders convicted of second-degree murder” based

upon our Supreme Court’s decision in Batts II. Derrickson, 242 A.3d at

674, relying on Commonwealth v. Seskey, 170 A.3d 1105 (Pa. Super.

2017).    While the trial court must impose, at a minimum, the sentencing

requirements of Section 1102.1(c)(1), the trial court is afforded broad

discretion in sentencing matters, as it is in the best position to evaluate the

individual circumstances before it.            Derrickson, 242 A.3d at 677-678.

Section 1102.1(e) states,

       Nothing under this section shall prevent the sentencing court from
       imposing a minimum sentence greater than that provided in this
       section. Sentencing guidelines promulgated by the Pennsylvania
       Commission on Sentencing may not supersede the mandatory
       minimum sentences provided under this section.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 1102.1(e) (emphasis added). When a juvenile defendant is

sentenced to a maximum term of life with a minimum term of imprisonment

after which the defendant becomes parole-eligible, the trial court should

consider the guidelines set forth in Section 1102.1(d). 17 Derrickson, 242

A.3d at 677-678.

____________________________________________

17 Although Section 1102.1 states that it is applicable to juvenile homicide
defendants convicted post-Miller, this Court has held that because no
sentencing guidelines exist for juvenile homicide defendants convicted prior
to Miller, supra, the trial court should consider the guidelines of Section
1102.1(d). See Derrickson, 242 A.3d at 677-678.

                                          - 19 -
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       Here, the trial court, in fashioning its sentence, stated,

       So the Commonwealth is requesting a sentence that falls squarely
       in the guidelines. I mean, under the guidelines it specifically says
       second[-]degree murder, if you are 15 years of age or older you
       are to be sentenced to a term of imprisonment and the minimum
       shall be at least 30 years to life, at least. It doesn’t say 30 years
       [or] life. It says at least 30 years to life.

____________________________________________

Section 1102.1(d) states that the trial court shall consider:

       (1) The impact of the offense on each victim, including oral and
       written victim impact statements made or submitted by family
       members of the victim detailing the physical, psychological and
       economic effects of the crime on the victim and the victim's family.
       A victim impact statement may include comment on the sentence
       of the defendant.

       (2) The impact of the offense on the community.

       (3) The threat to the safety of the public or any individual posed
       by the defendant.

       (4) The nature and circumstances of the offense committed by the
       defendant.

       (5) The degree of the defendant's culpability.

       (6) Guidelines for sentencing and resentencing adopted by the
       Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing.

       (7) Age-related characteristics of the defendant, including: (i)
       age[,] (ii) mental capacity[,] (iii) maturity[,] (iv) the degree of
       criminal sophistication exhibited by the defendant[,] (v) the
       nature and extent of any prior delinquent or criminal history,
       including the success or failure of any previous attempts by the
       court to rehabilitate the defendant[,] (vi) probation or institutional
       reports[, and] (vii) other relevant factors.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 1102.1(d) (formatting modified, extraneous capitalization due
to formatting omitted).

                                          - 20 -
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N.T., 6/21/18, at 42. The trial court considered, inter alia, the impact of the

murder on the victim’s family and the community, Appellant’s culpability,

Appellant’s age (“only 13 days shy of his 18th birthday”), Appellant’s home-life

and mental capacity, the sophistication of the attempted robbery scheme, and

all of the exhibits submitted by Appellant, including, inter alia, Appellant’s

rehabilitative achievements of obtaining his general educational development

(“GED”) certification and skills training in refrigeration, plumbing, and

electrical shop. Id. at 34-42 (reiterating, “I’m stating it on the record for the

fifth time. I have reviewed all of it”). Based upon the record, we discern no

error of law or abuse of discretion in Appellant’s sentence of 35 years to life

imprisonment. The trial court in fashioning its sentence complied with Section

1102.1(c)(1) and Batts II, and its progeny.

      In short, for the reasons set forth herein, Appellant’s issue challenging

the discretionary aspects of his newly-imposed sentence is without merit.

      We also reject any claim suggesting that Appellant’s sentence was illegal

because the trial court failed to consider the sentencing factors announced in

Miller, supra. See Appellant’s Brief at 41-42 (stating, the trial court failed

to consider the “nature and circumstances of [the] extent of [Appellant’s]

participation” (extraneous capitalization omitted)).    Appellant contends the

trial court was required to consider that the shooting death of the victim was

accidental and that Appellant was not the shooter, as supported by the

recanting witness’s identification of the shooter as someone other than

Appellant. Id. at 42.

                                     - 21 -
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      Recently, this Court, in Commonwealth v. Derrickson, noted,

      the specific constitutional issue in Miller [was] the mandatory
      nature of a sentence of life imprisonment when [S]ection
      6137(a)(3) (which prohibits parole) is applied. Thus, [S]ection
      6137(a)(3) cannot be applied to juveniles convicted of
      second-degree murder prior to June 25, 2012. Therefore, if a
      juvenile defendant[] is sentenced to a maximum term of life with
      a minimum term of imprisonment after which the defendant
      becomes parole-eligible, the constitutional concerns in Miller are
      not implicated.

Derrickson, 242 A.3d at 678-679 (citations, quotation marks, original

brackets, and emphasis omitted). The Derrickson Court reiterated that, “[a]

sentencing court must consider the Miller factors only in cases where the

Commonwealth is attempting to meet its burden of overcoming the

presumption against juvenile [life-without-parole] sentences.”      Id. at 679

(original quotation marks and original brackets omitted, emphasis added),

quoting Commonwealth v. White, 193 A.3d 977, 986 (Pa. Super. 2018),

appeal denied, 215 A.3d 3 (Pa. 2019); see also Commonwealth v.

DeJesus, ___ A.3d ___, 2021 WL 4889071, at 3 (Pa. Super. 2021) (en banc)

(stating that, the Miller factors must only be considered when seeking a

juvenile life-without-parole sentence).

      Here, the Commonwealth did not seek a sentence of life without the

possibility of parole, and the trial court did not impose a life-without-parole

sentence.   See N.T., 6/21/18, at 6-7.       Therefore, the trial court was not

required to consider the Miller factors. See Derrickson, 242 A.3d at 679;

see also DeJesus, 2021 WL 4889071, at *3.

                                    - 22 -
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       We next consider Appellant’s challenge to the PCRA court’s April 12,

2018 order denying his sixth PCRA petition (filed February 8, 2016) as it

pertained to his request for guilt-based relief pursuant to Brady, supra, and

Giglio, supra. To reiterate the procedural posture of the case sub judice

pertinent to this second issue, Appellant filed his sixth PCRA petition on

February 8, 2016, requesting a new sentencing hearing, pursuant to Miller,

supra, and Montgomery, supra, and guilt-based relief pursuant to Brady,

supra, and Giglio, supra. On February 18, 2016, the PCRA court granted

Appellant’s PCRA petition, in part, as to resentencing relief. On May 31, 2016,

Appellant filed a motion to bifurcate his request for guilt-based relief from the

PCRA    court’s   order   granting   resentencing    relief   in   which   Appellant

acknowledged that when the PCRA court issues an order regarding the

guilt-based relief, that order will be a final order and immediately appealable.

See Appellant’s Motion to Bifurcate, 5/31/16, at 2 (stating, “if the [PCRA

court] denies the Brady/Giglio issues [] that order would immediately

become a final appeal[able] order” (emphasis added)). The PCRA court

granted Appellant’s motion to bifurcate the issues on May 31, 2016, and on

June 1, 2016, granted Appellant’s motion to stay his resentencing pending our

Supreme Court’s decision in Batts II.          On June 7, 2016, the PCRA court

entertained argument on Appellant’s Brady/Giglio issues. Appellant waived

his appearance to attend the hearing, and Appellant’s counsel indicated the

same at the hearing. See PCRA Court Order, 5/31/16; see also N.T., 6/7/16,

at 4-5. On April 12, 2018, the PCRA court denied the pending Brady/Giglio

                                      - 23 -
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issue in Appellant’s PCRA petition, that is to say the issue related to

guilt-based relief. See PCRA Court Order 4/12/18 (noting that, in addition to

denying Appellant’s request for guilt-based relief, Appellant had previously

been granted, in part, post-collateral relief in the form of a new sentencing

hearing). Because the April 12, 2018 order resolved all the post-conviction

collateral relief claims of all the parties, this order constituted a final,

appealable order. See Commonwealth v. Bryant, 780 A.2d 646, 647-648

(Pa. 2001) (holding that, when a PCRA court has entered an order, or a

combination of orders, granting, in part, a new sentencing hearing, and an

order denying, in part, guilt-based relief, the PCRA court has fully and finally

disposed of all of the issues before it, thereby providing the defendant with a

final order upon which an appeal properly lies); see also Pa.R.Crim.P. 910

(stating that, “[a]n order granting, denying, dismissing, or otherwise finally

disposing of a petition for post-conviction collateral relief shall constitute a

final order for purposes of appeal”); Pa.R.A.P. 341(a) (stating that, an appeal

properly lies from a final order of the trial court); Pa.R.A.P. 341(b) (stating

that, a final order is defined, inter alia, as an order that “disposes of all claims

and of all parties”); Pa.R.A.P. 341(f)(1) (stating that, “[a]n order granting,

denying, dismissing, or otherwise finally disposing of a petition for post-

conviction collateral relief shall constitute a final order for purposes of

appeal”).

      Because the April 12, 2018 order was a final, appealable order,

Appellant had until May 14, 2018, in which to file a timely appeal of this final

                                      - 24 -
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order. See Pa.R.A.P. 903(a) (stating, a notice of appeal “shall be filed within

30 days after the entry of the order from which the appeal is taken”); see

also 1 Pa.C.S.A. § 1908 (stating that, “[w]henever the last day of any [period

of time referred in a statute or rule] shall fall on Saturday or Sunday, or on

any day made a legal holiday by the laws of this Commonwealth or of the

United States, such day shall be omitted from the computation”). Appellant

did not file an appeal purporting to challenge the PCRA court’s final order until

December 20, 2018. Consequently, the appeal is untimely, and this Court is

without jurisdiction to review Appellant’s second issue. See Commonwealth

v. Burks, 102 A.3d 497, 500 (Pa. Super. 2014) (stating that, absent

extraordinary circumstances, such as a court holiday or closing or a

breakdown in the operations of the court, this Court has no jurisdiction to

entertain an untimely appeal).18

       In our final discussion, we consider Appellant’s challenge to the trial

court’s disposition of his after-discovered evidence claim. Here, our analysis

____________________________________________

18 We are unpersuaded by Appellant’s suggestion that his appeal from the
April 12, 2018 order disposing of his PCRA petition should be deemed timely
because the PCRA court did not issue a notice pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907.
See Appellant’s Brief at 43. Rule 907 compels the PCRA court to give notice
to the parties if it intends to dismiss a petition without a hearing or
adjudicative proceedings. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 (stating, the PCRA court
“shall give notice to the parties of the intention to dismiss the petition and
shall state in the notice the reasons for the dismissal”). In view of the
extensive evidentiary development that was undertaken here, we conclude
that Rule 907 has no application in the case before us.

                                          - 25 -
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begins with Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 720, which states, in

pertinent part,

              Rule 720. Post-Sentence Procedures; Appeal

      (A) Timing.

      (1) Except as provided in paragraphs (C) and (D), a written
      post-sentence motion shall be filed no later than 10 days after
      imposition of sentence.

                                      ...

      (B) Optional Post-Sentence Motion.

      (1) Generally.

         (a) The defendant in a court case shall have the right to
         make a post-sentence motion. All requests for relief from
         the trial court shall be stated with specificity and
         particularity, and shall be consolidated in the post-sentence
         motion, which may include:

            (i) a motion challenging the validity of a plea of guilty or
            nolo contendere, or the denial of a motion to withdraw a
            plea of guilty or nolo contendere;

            (ii) a motion for judgment of acquittal;

            (iii) a motion in arrest of judgment;

            (iv) a motion for a new trial; and/or

            (v) a motion to modify sentence.

                                      ...

      (C) After-Discovered Evidence. A post-sentence motion for a
      new trial on the ground of after-discovered evidence must be filed
      in writing promptly after such discovery.

Pa.R.Crim.P. 720 (emphasis added).

                                     - 26 -
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       A plain-reading19 of Rule 720 demonstrates that a defendant has an

option20 of filing a post-sentence motion, which raises, inter alia, a motion for

a new trial or a motion to modify sentence, no later than ten days after the

imposition of sentence.        See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(1) and (B)(1)(a).      An

exception21 to the 10-day filing requirement, however, exists for a

post-sentence motion that requests a new trial based on after-discovered

evidence, in which case, the post-sentence motion must be filed promptly
____________________________________________

19     When we interpret our Rules of Criminal Procedure, we employ
       the same principles employed in the interpretation of statutes.
       Pa.R.Crim.P. 101(C)[.] The object of interpretation of the criminal
       rules “is to ascertain and effectuate the intention” of our Supreme
       Court, as the rule-issuing body. “Every [rule] shall be construed,
       if possible, to give effect to all its provisions.” 1 Pa.C.S.[A.]
       § 1921(a). “When the words of a rule are clear and free from all
       ambiguity, the letter of it is not to be disregarded under the
       pretext of pursuing its spirit.” 1 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 1921(b).

Commonwealth v. Phillips, 141 A.3d 512, 518 (Pa. Super. 2016) (case
citations and original brackets omitted), appeal denied, 161 A.3d 796 (Pa.
2016).

20 We recognize that while the filing of a post-sentence motion is optional, a
defendant is required to file such a motion when challenging the verdict on
weight of the evidence grounds or when the challenge involves the
discretionary aspects of sentence in order to preserve such issues for appellate
review. Commonwealth v. Liston, 977 A.2d 1089, 1094 n.9 (Pa. 2009).

21 Pursuant to Rule 720(D), a post-sentence motion is not permitted to be filed
in a summary case appeal following a trial de novo in the court of common
pleas because the determination of guilt at the conclusion of the trial de novo
constitutes a final order for purposes of appeal. Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(D) (stating,
“There shall be no post-sentence motion in summary case appeals following a
trial de novo in the court of common pleas. The imposition of sentence
immediately following a determination of guilt at the conclusion of the trial de
novo shall constitute a final order for purposes of appeal.”).

                                          - 27 -
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after discovery of the after-discovered evidence. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(C);

see also Commonwealth v. Castro, 93 A.3d 818, 828 (Pa. 2014) (stating

that, Rule 720(C) “requires a motion for after-discovered evidence be filed

promptly upon the discovery of such evidence”).       A post-sentence motion

raising an after-discovered evidence claim, notably, is not listed as an

“optional” post-sentence motion under Rule 720(B)(1)(a).        Compare Rule

720(B)(1)(a) with Rule 720(C). Rather, the official comment to Rule 720(C)

states, in pertinent part,

      that any claim of after-discovered evidence must be raised
      promptly after its discovery.       Accordingly, after-discovered
      evidence discovered during the post-sentence stage must be
      raised promptly with the trial [court] at the post-sentence stage;
      after-discovered evidence discovered during the direct appeal
      process must be raised promptly [with the appellate court]
      during the direct appeal process, and should include a request for
      a remand to the trial [court]; and after-discovered evidence
      discovered after completion of the direct appeal process
      should be raised in the context of the PCRA.

Pa.R.Crim.P. 720 Official Comments (emphasis added).            This comment

conditions the judicial mechanism for raising an after-discovered evidence

claim upon the discovery of the evidence and the then-current procedural

posture of the case.    To be clear, when the evidence is discovered in the

post-sentence    but   pre-appeal   stage,    a   defendant   may    raise   an

after-discovered evidence claim via a post-sentence motion pursuant to Rule

720(C). If the evidence is discovered after a notice of appeal has been filed

and, thus, the direct appeal process has begun, then the defendant must file

a petition with the appellate court requesting a remand of the case to the trial

                                     - 28 -
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court in order to present a post-sentence motion pursuant to Rule 720(C). If

the evidence is discovered after the direct appeal process challenging the

defendant’s final judgment of sentence has ended, the defendant must file a

PCRA petition raising an after-discovered evidence claim.

      We now consider whether Appellant properly raised his after-discovered

evidence claim in a post-sentence motion pursuant to Rule 720(C) following

his resentencing or whether he was required to file a subsequent PCRA petition

raising   his   claim   of   after-discovered   evidence   (see   42   Pa.C.S.A.

§ 9543(b)(2)(vi)) and demonstrate an exception to the PCRA jurisdictional

time-bar.   Stated differently, we must now determine whether Appellant’s

resentencing on June 18, 2018 “reset” his final judgment of sentence date for

purposes of raising his claim of after-discovered evidence via a post-sentence

motion pursuant to Rule 720(C) or whether Appellant was required to raise

his claim by means of a subsequent PCRA petition because his final judgment

of sentence date of July 13, 2000 remained intact for purposes of his

after-discovered evidence claim. We find that the trial court’s resentencing of

Appellant on June 18, 2018, did not reset the date on which Appellant’s

judgment of sentence became final for purposes of an after-discovered

evidence claim.

      More than two decades earlier, ironically in 1999, this Court in

Commonwealth v. Dehart, 730 A.2d 991 (Pa. Super. 1999) held that an

award of collateral relief in the form of a new sentence “did not affect the

adjudication of guilt but merely the sentence imposed” and, importantly, did

                                      - 29 -
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not “‘reset’ the date used to determine the finality of judgment.” Dehart, 730

A.2d at 993-994 n.2. Moreover, in 2008, this Court in Commonwealth v.

McKeever, reiterated,

      a successful [] PCRA petition does not “reset the clock” for the
      calculation of the finality of the judgment of sentence for purposes
      of the PCRA where the relief granted in the [] petition neither
      restored a petitioner's direct appeal rights nor disturbed
      his conviction, but, rather, affected his sentence only. We
      reached this conclusion because the purpose of the PCRA is to
      prevent an unfair conviction.

McKeever, 947 A.2d at 785 (emphasis added), relying on Dehart, 730 A.2d

at 994 n.2. The McKeever Court went on to explain that McKeever had “an

absolute constitutional right to appeal his judgment of sentence” entered upon

his resentencing in a direct appeal. McKeever, 947 A.2d at 786. However,

upon resentencing, McKeever was “permitted to raise issues pertaining only

to the re-sentencing procedure itself” and was not permitted to raise

challenges to his underlying conviction. Id. In other words, where collateral

relief is granted in the form of a new sentence and the relief granted did not

disturb the validity of the underlying conviction, the original judgment of

sentence, as it pertains to challenges directed at the conviction, was not

altered by resentencing.

      The finality principal set forth in Dehart, supra, and McKeever, supra,

was affirmed by our Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. Lesko, 15 A.3d

345 (Pa. 2011). In Lesko, our Supreme Court stated that Lesko’s original

judgment of sentence (which was imposed in 1981 and became final in 1984)

                                     - 30 -
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was “final for all purposes except for that part of the final judgment that was

disturbed by” the collateral relief proceedings, which in Lesko’s case were

federal habeas proceedings that resulted in Lesko’s resentencing. Lesko, 15

A.3d at 366. The Lesko Court stated, “[t]he resentencing that occurred as a

result of the coercive federal habeas mandate did not purport to revive the

claims that expired once the 1981 verdict of guilt became final.” Id. The

Lesko Court went on to explain, “[t]o allow Lesko to pursue a PCRA petition

as of right to raise new guilt phase claims more than 25 years later, after a

direct appeal, an of-right [PCRA] petition, and completed federal habeas

corpus proceedings, would render the [jurisdictional] time limitations of the

PCRA meaningless.” Id. at 366-367.

       Here, Appellant’s challenge to his original judgment of sentence, as set

forth in his sixth PCRA petition, was based upon the fact that his

life-without-parole sentence had been declared unconstitutional by Miller,

supra, because Appellant was a juvenile at the time the crimes were

committed,     and    the    Miller     constitutional    ban     on   mandatory

life-without-parole sentences was held to apply retroactively to sentences

such     as   Appellant’s    by       Montgomery,        supra.        Appellant’s

Miller/Montgomery claim did not challenge the validity of his underlying

conviction, only that his mandatory life-without-parole sentence was illegal.

Appellant was granted collateral relief in the form of a new sentence, wherein

the trial court imposed an aggregate 35 years to life term of incarceration.

Therefore, based upon the procedural posture of the case sub judice,

                                       - 31 -
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Appellant’s new sentence did not “reset” the date his judgment of sentence

became final because the award of collateral relief did not restore his direct

appeal rights or disturb his underlying conviction.22     Upon resentencing,

Appellant had the absolute right to challenge the resentencing procedures and

the newly-imposed sentence via a Rule 720 post-sentence motion. Appellant
____________________________________________

22 Appellant cited Magwood v. Patterson, 561 U.S. 320 (2010) in support of
the proposition that his resentencing resulted in a new judgment of sentence
which gave him the right to challenge his underlying conviction upon discovery
of after-discovered evidence by virtue of a Rule 720(C) post-sentence motion.
Appellant’s Memorandum of Law in Support of After-Discovered Evidence
Claim, 10/23/18, at unnumbered page 5. We find Appellant’s reliance on
Magwood misplaced and contrary to the jurisprudence set forth by our
Supreme Court in Lesko, supra. Rather, the decision in Magwood reiterates
the finality principal set forth in Dehart, supra, and McKeever, supra, that
a new judgment of sentence imposed as the direct result of a resentencing
proceeding permits a defendant to challenge the resentencing procedure,
itself, and the sentence imposed. Magwood, 561 U.S. at 342. The
Magwood Court specifically declined to address whether a new judgment of
sentence imposed as a result of resentencing provides a defendant with a new
opportunity to challenge the original undisturbed conviction. Id. (stating,
“[t]his case gives us no occasion to address” the question of whether “a
sentence and conviction form a single ‘judgment’ for purposes of habeas
review” since “Magwood has not attempted to challenge his underlying
conviction”). In answering the question left unaddressed in Magwood, we
note that the third circuit court of appeals in Romansky v. Superintendent
Greene SCI, 933 F.3d 293 (3rd Cir. 2019) held that where a defendant’s
underlying conviction of guilt is not disturbed on appeal or in post-conviction
proceedings, the defendant’s subsequent resentencing is not a new judgment
of sentence as to the underlying conviction. Romansky, 933 F.3d at 300
(stating that, “[t]he sentence imposed [] after retrial [of some of Romansky’s
convictions, and subsequent resentencing,] was not a new judgment [of
sentence] on the undisturbed counts of conviction”).

We recognize that the holding in Romansky, supra, is not binding on this
Court but it may serve as persuasive authority. Commonwealth v. Orie, 88
A.3d 983, 1013 n.49 (Pa. Super. 2014), appeal denied, 99 A.3d 925 (Pa.
2014).

                                          - 32 -
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was not permitted, however, to raise his after-discovered evidence claim

challenging his original, undisturbed conviction by means of his Rule 720

post-sentence motion.      As discussed infra, Appellant’s June 15, 1999

judgment of sentence, as it pertains to the validity of his conviction, became

final on July 13, 2000 upon conclusion of his direct appeal. Therefore, any

claim of after-discovered evidence must be submitted via a subsequent PCRA

petition and cannot be raised via a Rule 720(C) post-sentence motion.

      Appellant raised his instant after-discovered evidence claim in a

post-sentence motion entitled “[Appellant’s] Post-Sentence Motion Pursuant

to 234 Pa. Code Rule 720.” Although this motion referenced Rule 720(C) as

the appropriate procedural mechanism for setting forth his after-discovered

evidence claim, Appellant’s reliance on Rule 720(C) was misplaced. Instead,

the trial court was required to treat the portion of the motion pertaining to the

after-discovered evidence claim as a subsequent PCRA petition because the

motion requested relief contemplated by the PCRA. See Wrecks, 934 A.2d

at 1289 (holding that, any petition filed after the judgment of sentence

becomes final should be treated as a PCRA petition if it requests relief

contemplated by the PCRA); see also Commonwealth v. Torres, 223 A.3d

715, 716 (Pa. Super. 2019) (stating, “so long as a pleading falls within the

ambit of the PCRA, the [trial] court should treat any pleading filed after the

judgment of sentence is final as a PCRA petition” (citation omitted));

Commonwealth v. Snook, 230 A.3d 438, 443-444 (Pa. Super. 2020)

(holding, a petition for collateral relief will not be considered a PCRA petition

                                     - 33 -
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unless it raises issues cognizable under the PCRA); Commonwealth v.

Taylor, 65 A.3d 462, 467 (Pa. Super. 2013) (holding, a petition challenging

the statutory limit was “undoubtedly cognizable under the PCRA” (see 42

Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(vii)) and, therefore, any such petition regardless of

title, was to be treated as a PCRA petition); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(b)(2)(vi)

(recognizing, an after-discovered evidence claim as an issue cognizable under

the PCRA).

       The trial court erred as a matter of law in treating Appellant’s claim of

after-discovered evidence as a post-sentence motion pursuant to Rule 720(C)

and not as a subsequent PCRA petition. As such, the trial court also erred in

finding that it had jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 720(C) to address the merits

of Appellant’s after-discovered evidence claim. Instead, the trial court was

required to treat Appellant’s after-discovered evidence claim as a PCRA

petition and determine whether it had jurisdiction to address such claim within

the confines of the PCRA.23

____________________________________________

23     Our standard of review in a PCRA appeal requires [this Court] to
       determine whether the PCRA court's findings of fact are supported
       by the record, and whether its conclusions of law are free from
       legal error. The scope of our review is limited to the findings of
       the PCRA court and the evidence of record, which we view in the
       light most favorable to the party who prevailed before that court.
       [] The PCRA court's factual findings and credibility determinations,
       when supported by the record, are binding upon this Court.
       However, we review the PCRA court's legal conclusions de novo.

Commonwealth v. Small, 238 A.3d 1267, 1280 (Pa. 2020).

                                          - 34 -
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       Treating the portion of Appellant’s post-sentence motion pertaining to

after-discovered evidence as a PCRA petition, Appellant’s submission was

patently untimely because it was filed more than one year after his judgment

of sentence became final on July 13, 2000.24         Therefore, Appellant was

required to plead and prove by a preponderance of the evidence one of the

three statutory exceptions to the PCRA jurisdictional time-bar.25

____________________________________________

24 As stated supra, Appellant was sentenced on June 15, 1999, and this Court
affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence on June 13, 2000. Appellant did
not seek discretionary review with our Supreme Court and, as such, his
judgment of sentence became final on July 13, 2000. See 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9545(b)(3); see also Pa.R.A.P. 1113(a) (stating that, “a petition for
allowance of appeal shall be filed with the Prothonotary of the Supreme Court
within 30 days after the entry of the order of” this Court to be reviewed).

25 If a PCRA petition is untimely filed, the jurisdictional time-bar can only be
overcome if the petitioner alleges and proves one of the three statutory
exceptions, as set forth in 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). Commonwealth v.
Spotz, 171 A.3d 675, 678 (Pa. 2017). The three narrow statutory exceptions
to the one-year time-bar are as follows: “(1) interference by government
officials in the presentation of the claim; (2) newly[-]discovered facts; and (3)
an after[-]recognized constitutional right.” Commonwealth v. Brandon, 51
A.3d 231, 233-234 (Pa. Super. 2012), citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i-iii).
A petition invoking an exception to the jurisdictional time-bar must be filed
within one year of the date that the claim could have been presented. 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2). If an appellant fails to invoke a valid exception to the
PCRA time-bar, courts are without jurisdiction to review the petition or provide
relief. Spotz, 171 A.3d at 676.

“[T]he newly-discovered facts exception to the time limitations of the PCRA,
as set forth in [42 Pa.C.S.A. § ]9545(b)(1)(ii), is distinct from the
after-discovered evidence basis for relief delineated in 42 Pa.C.S.[A.]
§ 9543(a)(2)[(vi)].” Commonwealth v. Burton, 158 A.3d 618, 629 (Pa.
2017).

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       To satisfy the newly-discovered facts exception, Appellant needed to

demonstrate that the facts upon which his claim for relief was predicated, were

unknown and that they could not have been discovered through the exercise

of due diligence. See Small, 238 A.3d at 1271, 1281 (Pa. 2020) (noting that,

“the newly[-]discovered fact exception, by its express terms, requires only

that the petitioner plead and prove that the facts upon which the claim is

predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been

ascertained by the exercise of due diligence” (original quotation marks

omitted)); see also Commonwealth v. Fears, 250 A.3d 1180, 1189 (Pa.

2021) (stating, an analysis pertaining to whether a petitioner has sufficiently
____________________________________________

It is common for petitioners seeking relief based upon a claim of
after-discovered evidence to rely on the same evidence or facts to invoke the
newly-discovered facts exception when the PCRA petition is filed more than
one year after final judgment. Commonwealth v. Cox, 146 A.3d 221, 229
(Pa. 2016). Here, Appellant relies upon the recanting witness’s affidavit to
invoke the newly-discovered facts exception, as well as to establish his claim
for relief based upon after-discovered evidence.

When presented with such an intertwined argument of newly-discovered facts
and after-discovered evidence, it is important that courts analyze the
information presented by the petitioner under the correct test. To reiterate,
in order to establish a claim for relief based upon after-discovered evidence,
“a petitioner must prove that (1) the evidence has been discovered after trial
and it could not have been obtained at or prior to trial through reasonable
diligence; (2) the evidence is not cumulative; (3) it is not being used solely to
impeach credibility; and (4) it would likely compel a different verdict.” Id. at
229 (citation and original quotation marks omitted); see also Small, 189
A.3d at 972. The test to be applied in analyzing whether a petitioner has pled
and proven the newly-discovered facts exception is whether “the facts upon
which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not
have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence.” Small, 238 A.3d at
1271.

                                          - 36 -
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pleaded and proven the newly-discovered facts exception to the jurisdictional

time-bar prohibits a merits analysis of the underlying claim). For purposes of

the newly-discovered facts exception, a determination that the facts were

unknown to the petitioner is circumstance-dependent and requires an analysis

of the petitioner’s knowledge. Small, 238 A.3d at 1283. Facts evidenced by

a newly-discovered or newly-willing source, but nonetheless previously known

by the defendant, cannot be “unknown” for purposes of the newly-discovered

facts exception. Commonwealth v. Marshall, 947 A.2d 714, 720 (Pa. 2008)

(stating, “[t]he focus of the exception is on the newly[-]discovered facts, not

on a newly[-]discovered or newly[-]willing source for previously known facts”

(original quotation marks and original brackets omitted)).

      Here, the trial court found that, the recanting witness’s “sworn, written

affidavit [was] new evidence.”           Trial Court Opinion, 12/9/19, at ¶47

(emphasis added). In characterizing the recanting witness’s affidavit as “new

evidence,” the trial court implicitly found, and the record supports, that the

affidavit contained newly-discovered facts that were not previously known by

Appellant, namely that the recanting witness did, in fact, recant her trial

testimony in a sworn affidavit and that, for the first time, she specifically

identified Caltagirone as the shooter.

      Our analysis of whether the facts upon which Appellant’s claim is

predicated were unknown begins with an examination of this Court’s decision

affirming the June 23, 2008 order denying Appellant’s second PCRA petition

as untimely and without an exception to the jurisdictional time-bar. There,

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this Court concurred that Appellant’s second PCRA petition was patently

untimely and that a private investigator’s reports failed to satisfy the

newly-discovered facts exception. Commonwealth v. Ortiz, 972 A.2d 559

(Pa. Super. 2009) (unpublished memorandum).           In particular, this Court

discerned no error of law or abuse of discretion in the PCRA court’s order

denying Appellant’s second PCRA petition as untimely and without exception

because Appellant failed to demonstrate why the previously unknown facts

contained in the private investigator’s reports “could not have been discovered

earlier through the exercise of due diligence.” Id.

      An examination of the private investigator’s report reveals that on

October 25, 2005, a private investigator memorialized his conversation with

the recanting witness as follows:

      [The recanting witness] stated that back during the time of the
      murder[,] she only knew what she was told by Caltagirone. She
      had no direct knowledge of anything involving [Appellant and
      Caltagirone]. She was not present during conversations between
      the two of them. She only knew what she was told. [The
      recanting witness] was told what to say by [Caltagirone].

      [The recanting witness] also said that the [prior] typed statement
      that she signed was signed under duress.             She said the
      information in the statement was what she was told she was going
      to say [and] no actual facts [were known by] her. When her
      mother began to raise a fuss over how the police were treating
      her daughter and that she did [not] want them talking to [the
      recanting witness], the police threatened to take [the recanting
      witness] away and place her in a home. [The recanting witness]
      was only 14 years old [at] the time. [The recanting witness]
      signed the statement so she could leave city hall. [The recanting
      witness] said that she even informed the district attorney of her
      desire not to testify, [and] she again was intimidated to testify.

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Appellant’s Post-Sentence Motion, 6/29/18, at Exhibit 11 (extraneous

capitalization omitted). This report was prepared by a private investigator

based upon his conversation with the recanting witness; however, the

recanting witness did not sign the report acknowledging that the information

contained therein was accurate or that she was, in fact, recanting her trial

testimony. As such, the private investigator’s report does not constitute an

affirmative action by the recanting witness to recant her trial testimony under

oath and to provide her recollection of the circumstances surrounding the

incident.   Moreover, the private investigator’s report does not contain an

identification of the shooter.

      Years later, in September 2012, this Court affirmed the January 19,

2012 order denying Appellant’s fourth’s PCRA petition as untimely and without

an exception to the jurisdictional time-bar.       Commonwealth v. Ortiz, 60

A.3d 845 (Pa. Super. 2012) (unpublished memorandum). There, this Court

concurred that Appellant’s fourth PCRA petition was patently untimely and that

his recent discovery of a Reading Police Department report, in which the

recanting witness purported to tell the police officer that she made false

statements    incriminating      Appellant   at   trial,   failed   to   satisfy   the

newly-discovered facts exception. Id. This Court reasoned that the “precise

issue of witness perjury was raised in [Appellant’s] second PCRA petition” and

that Appellant “cannot not claim this [police report] to be ‘newly-discovered.’”

Id.

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      An examination of the Reading Police Department report prepared on

March 28, 2011, which was prepared based upon the police officer’s interview

with the recanting witness on February 21, 2011, reveals a summary of the

interview as follows:

      [The recanting witness] testified at the trial of [Appellant] and now
      contacted police with new information.

      During my interview with [the recanting witness] she told me the
      following:

      Prior to the robbery/murder of [the victim,] she had been present
      for a conversation between [Appellant] and [Caltagirone]. At this
      time [the recanting witness] was aware that these two had been
      committing crimes together[,] which included robberies.

      Specifically[,] they discussed robbing a local business[,] like a
      pizza shop[,] but never mentioned a place by name. This
      conversation occurred a few days before [the victim] was killed.

      On the night this incident occurred, [the recanting witness]
      remembers being picked up from her job [] by [Caltagirone]. She
      went home [] and [Caltagirone] left [her house. Caltagirone] had
      been working as a security guard [] but she does not think he
      [was working that evening].

      [The recanting witness] was home for a short time when
      [Caltagirone returned]. He was wearing a dark blue hoodie. He
      had a ski mark and a handgun in his possession. He placed all
      three items into a plastic bag.

      [Caltagirone] was very nervous and at that time he told her that
      [the victim] had been shot. [Caltagirone] said it was an accident
      and that the gun had just gone off. [Caltagirone] told her that
      [the recanting witness’s] neighbor [] was inside the store when it
      happened[,] and he was scared that [the neighbor] may have
      recognized him.

      Once [Caltagirone] was able to calm down[,] he was able to tell
      [the recanting witness] in a coherent manner what occurred.

      [Caltagirone] told [the recanting witness] that he and [Appellant]
      had gone to the [restaurant establishment] to commit a robbery.

                                     - 40 -
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     They were nervous and the gun went off. They were going to take
     the victim[’]s gold chain but as his back was turned the gun went
     off. [The victim] got shot in the back and fell onto the grill. They
     both fled the store.

     Later that night[, the recanting witness] did see [her neighbor’s]
     mom and when she told [the recanting witness] what happened,
     [the recanting witness] acted like she [did not know anything
     about the incident].

     [The recanting witness] was with [Caltagirone] when his pager
     went off. [The recanting witness] called back and [Appellant] was
     on the other end of the [telephone]. She gave the [telephone] to
     [Caltagirone,] and she overheard a conversation in which they
     discussed going to [Caltagirone’s] mother[’]s house in Delaware
     to lay low for a while.

     [The recanting witness] did throw a bag containing the hoodie and
     mask into the Schuylkill River from the Bingaman [Street] Bridge.
     [Caltagirone] disposed of his gun while in Delaware.

     Regarding her testimony about conversations with [Appellant],
     [the recanting witness] states she lied and never spoke to
     [Appellant] after the murder. [The recanting witness] also never
     heard [Appellant] make any incriminating statements implicating
     himself in this crime.

     [Caltagirone] never told [the recanting witness] which
     person actually shot [the victim].

     [The recanting witness] states she lied to protect [Caltagirone]
     because they were intimately involved at the time of this crime.
     However, she recently learned that she has stomach cancer and
     wants to set the record straight.

     [Caltagirone and Appellant] did this crime together.

     Nothing further.

Appellant’s Post-Sentence Motion, 6/29/18, at Exhibit 12 (extraneous

capitalization omitted, emphasis added). The recanting witness did not sign

the police report. As such, the police report represents only the notion that

the recanting witness sought to recant her trial testimony as recorded by the

                                    - 41 -
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police officer but does not constitute an affirmative recantation by the

recanting witness, under oath, of her trial testimony. Furthermore, the police

report does not state that the recanting witness definitively identified the

shooter to the police officer.

      In comparison to the private investigator’s report and the police report,

the recanting witness’s affidavit evidenced her actual recantation, under oath,

of her trial testimony and her identification of Caltagirone as the shooter. The

recanting witness’s affidavit stated, in pertinent part, as follows:

      I have tried on several prior occasions to have the [trial] court
      acknowledge that the testimony I gave against [Appellant] at his
      trial for the murder of [the victim] was false. Of my own free will,
      I am again telling the [trial] court that my testimony at that trial
      was false.

      I have been trying to make contact with [Appellant’s] family and
      attorneys for [Appellant] for the last several years to again say
      that my testimony at [Appellant’s] trial was false. Finally, through
      a computer search, I was able to contact a member of
      [Appellant’s] family. As a result, in April 2018, I spoke to
      [Appellant’s attorney]. I told [Appellant’s attorney] that my
      testimony at the trial of [Appellant] was false. [Appellant’s
      attorney] sent me a copy of my trial testimony to review before
      meeting with her.

      In October 2005, I met with a private investigator for the
      [then-]attorney for [Appellant]. I told the investigator the truth
      when I told him that during the time of the murder of [the victim],
      I only knew what I was told by [Caltagirone] and I had no direct
      knowledge of anything involving [Appellant] in that murder. I was
      not present at any conversation between [Caltagirone] and
      [Appellant] about the murder of [the victim]. [Caltagirone] told
      me what to say at [Appellant’s] trial. [I was residing between my
      mother’s house and Caltagirone’s house in Reading,
      Pennsylvania,] when [Caltagirone] was telling me what to say. I
      also told the investigator that the typed statement I signed for the
      police was signed under threats. The information in the statement

                                     - 42 -
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     was what I was told to say and not actual facts I gave to the police.
     When my mother complained about how the police were treating
     me and that she did not want me talking to the police, the [p]olice
     threatened to take me away and place me in a home. I was only
     15 or 16 [years old] at that time. I signed the statement to be
     able to leave city hall. I told the district attorney that I did not
     want to testify. I was intimidated into testifying by [Caltagirone].
     I was also worried about retaliation if I testified against
     [Appellant].

     Years later, I went to the police station to say that I had lied at
     [Appellant's] trial and the police would not talk to me. I finally
     went to the district attorney.        On March 28, 2011, I was
     interviewed by someone from the Reading Police Department. I
     told the person that on the night [the victim] was shot,
     [Caltagirone] came to my mother's [house] and had a ski mask,
     a hoodie[,] and a [handgun] in his possession. The ski mask was
     black on one side and purple on the other. He also had another
     gun that he carried. He carried three guns at all times in his
     vehicle. [Caltagirone] was nervous and told me that [the victim]
     had been shot.          I already knew this from [my cousin].
     [Caltagirone] said it was an accident and that the gun had just
     gone off. [Caltagirone] was afraid that [my cousin] might have
     recognized him. I threw two bags in the Schuylkill River because
     [Caltagirone] told me to and [Caltagirone] disposed of his
     [handgun] when he went to Delaware. I lied at trial when I said
     that I spoke to [Appellant] after the [incident] about the murder.
     I never spoke to him about the murder of [the victim,] and I never
     heard [Appellant] give any incriminating statements that
     implicated him in the murder of [the victim]. [Caltagirone] told
     me he did not mean to shoot [the victim] but the gun went
     off. I lied at trial to protect [Caltagirone] because he and I were
     romantically involved. [Caltagirone] told me that [Appellant] was
     involved in the crime, but I have no knowledge of whether
     [Appellant] was involved[,] or not. I asked [my cousin] whether
     [Appellant] was involved in the shooting of [the victim] and [my
     cousin] said [Appellant] was not involved. [Caltagirone] told me
     what to say at the trial. [On t]he night of [the victim’s] murder[,
     Appellant] called [my] pager and asked [Caltagirone] to pick him
     up at a birthday party. When [Caltagirone] called him back[,
     Appellant] wanted to be picked up from a birthday party.
     [Appellant] later said he was going to stay longer at the party and
     that he had a ride. [Caltagirone’s] discussion about going to

                                    - 43 -
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       Delaware to lay low had nothing to do with [Appellant] and had to
       do, instead, with a girl being shot.

       The police did not seem to be interested in what I had to say about
       my false testimony and what I had to say about [Caltagirone].
       When I told the police about [Caltagirone’s] involvement in the
       murder[,] the police tried to change my statements to involve
       [Appellant] instead of [Caltagirone]. The police also said it would
       be left up to the [district attorney] to charge me with perjury
       because I lied under oath and it was more than likely I would be
       charged. The police said that I should worry about my children
       because I was looking at jail time. I felt they were trying to scare
       me.

       [Caltagirone] told me that if I said he was involved in the murder
       of [the victim], [I] would not see my children and that he would
       move away with my children. [Caltagirone] told me that if [he]
       ever went to jail I would vanish.

N.T., 11/20/18, at Defense Exhibit 1 (numbered paragraphing omitted,

emphasis added).26 The affidavit was signed by the recanting witness, and

her signature was notarized, and a third-party witnessed her signature. This

affidavit was the first sworn statement by the recanting witness in which she

signed and affirmed a declaration recanting her trial testimony. Moreover, the

recanting witness’s affidavit is the first time she identified Caltagirone as the

person that shot the victim. Caltagirone’s identification as the shooter is a

newly-discovered fact that was not part of the allegations contained in

Appellant’s prior two PCRA petitions. Therefore, we concur with the trial court

____________________________________________

26 The recanting witness’s affidavit has been revised to reflect the corrections
indicated by the recanting witness at the evidentiary hearing. N.T., 11/20/18,
at 4-13.

                                          - 44 -
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that this affidavit constitutes a newly-discovered fact, or new evidence, that

was unknown to Appellant.

      Although this newly-discovered fact was unknown to Appellant until the

recanting witness provided her signed affidavit in April 2018, an unresolved

issue is whether Appellant could have previously discovered this fact, i.e.,

obtained a signed affidavit in which the recanting witness recanted her trial

testimony and identified Caltagirone as the shooter, through the exercise of

due diligence.

      To reiterate, once the PCRA court determines that the newly-discovered

fact was unknown to the petitioner, the PCRA court then examines whether

the newly-discovered fact could have been discovered earlier through the

exercise of due diligence. See Small, 238 A.3d at 1282. “Due diligence does

not require perfect vigilance and punctilious care, but merely a showing [that]

the party [] put forth reasonable effort to obtain the information upon which

a claim is based.” Cox, 146 A.3d as 230 (citation and original quotation marks

omitted). The petitioner must offer “evidence that he exercised due diligence

in obtaining facts upon which his claim was based.”         Id. at 227, citing

Commonwealth v. Breakiron, 781 A.2d 94, 98 (Pa. 2001). The question of

whether a petitioner, based upon the circumstances of a particular case, would

have been unable to discover the newly-discovered fact even through the

exercise of due diligence is a question that requires fact-finding, and the PCRA

court, as the fact-finder, should determine whether a petitioner has

                                     - 45 -
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demonstrated this requirement of the exception.            Commonwealth v.

Bennet, 930 A.2d 1264, 1274 (Pa. 2007).

      Here, the trial court did not analyze Appellant’s post-sentence motion

as a PCRA petition. As such, the trial court did not consider and apply the

criteria which determine whether newly-discovered facts overcome the PCRA’s

jurisdictional time-bar.   Where, as in this case, years have passed since

Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final, no court can reach the merits

of an after-discovered evidence claim unless a timeliness exception has been

pled and proven. Rather, in applying only the after-discovered evidence test,

the trial court found that Appellant demonstrated, inter alia, the first prong of

the after-discovered evidence test, namely that the after-discovered evidence

could not have been obtained at or prior to trial through reasonable diligence.

Trial Court Opinion, 12/9/19, at ¶¶49-50.       The tests for after-discovered

evidence and the newly-discovered facts exception, however, are distinct, as

discussed supra. Here, for example, the trial court did not examine whether

Appellant could have learned of the newly-discovered facts earlier than April

2018 through the exercise of due diligence. Therefore, we are constrained to

remand this case to the trial court for the purpose of determining whether

Appellant could have discovered the recanting witness’s sworn affidavit and

her identification of Caltagirone as the shooter earlier than April 2018 through

the exercise of due diligence.

      In conducting its due-diligence analysis, the PCRA court should be

mindful that the analysis is circumstance-dependent, and should include

                                     - 46 -
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consideration of, inter alia, Appellant’s incarceration, available financial

resources, intermittent representation by counsel, the ability to afford private

investigators, restricted methods of communication, including restricted

internet usage, and the ability to locate and speak with the recanting witness,

as well as, importantly, the recanting witness’s willingness to come forward

and candidly provide an affidavit recanting her trial testimony and identifying

Caltagirone as the shooter.27

       In sum, we vacate the November 26, 2018 order denying Appellant’s

after-discovered evidence claim. We remand this case to allow the PCRA court

to determine whether Appellant invoked the PCRA court’s jurisdiction pursuant

to the newly-discovered facts exception. If the PCRA court determines that

Appellant invoked the PCRA court’s jurisdiction, then the PCRA shall address

the merits of Appellant’s after-discovered evidence claim and, in particular,

whether the recanting witness’s identification of Caltagirone as the shooter

would likely lead to a different verdict if a new trial were grant.

____________________________________________

27  The recanting witness expressed that it was only after learning of
Appellant’s story on social media in the Spring of 2018, that she was
compelled to come forward, finally, with a sworn affidavit in which she
recanted her trial testimony and identified Caltagirone as the shooter. N.T.,
11/20/18, at 7. The recanting witness’s salient goal in coming forward and
setting the record straight was to “get some weight off of [her] shoulders.”
Id. at 6. “He who has overcome his fears will truly be free.” ~ Aristotle. The
recanting witness appears to have been reluctant previously to come forward,
to the degree of a sworn affidavit, to recant her testimony and specifically
identify Caltagirone as the shooter because Caltagirone threatened to keep
her children from her and threatened that she would “vanish” if he ever went
to jail for the shooting death of the victim.

                                          - 47 -
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       Judgment of sentence affirmed. Order vacated, in part. Case remanded

for further proceedings.28 Jurisdiction relinquished.

       Judge King joins.

       Judge Bowes files a Dissenting Memorandum.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/11/2022

____________________________________________

28 In light of our decision herein, Appellant’s October 1, 2021 “motion to be
restored to the oral argument list” is denied as moot.

                                          - 48 -