Court Opinion

ID: 7841352
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-08 17:01:19.966595+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:07:41.023343
License: Public Domain

Covello, J.
This is an appeal from a judgment of the trial court confirming a $1,000,000 underinsured *400motorist arbitration award. The sole issue is whether the insured properly elected to accept less uninsured motorist insurance than the statutory amount required by General Statutes § 38-175c (a) (2). We agree with the trial court’s conclusion that the purported election was ineffective and affirm the judgment.
. The relevant facts are as follows. On May 18, 1982, the plaintiff, The Travelers Indemnity Company (Travelers), had in force a business automobile liability policy insuring American Red Cross. Attached to the policy was a document dated May 18, 1982, executed in behalf of American Red Cross, entitled “Rejection of or Election of Minimum Limits Uninsured and Underinsured Motorists Insurance.” The document stated that “the undersigned insured rejects uninsured motorist coverage and underinsured motorists insurance in all states where such rejection is permitted by law. In those states where such rejection is not permitted, the undersigned elects uninsured motorists insurance limits which are the lesser of the mandatory limits or the financial responsibility limits.” At the time, § 38-175c required uninsured motorist coverage in the amount of $20,000 for bodily injury or for death.1
On July 5, 1983, over one year later, the General Assembly enacted Public Acts 1983, No. 83-461, amending § 38-175c (a) (2). It required that every automobile liability policy “issued or renewed on and after July 1, 1984,” was to have uninsured motorist coverage equal to the liability coverage of the policy “unless *401the insured requests in writing a lesser amount . . . .”2 The American Red Cross never requested any lesser amount as the parties responsible for such a decision at American Red Cross were never aware that such a statutory requirement then existed.
On July 1,1984, Travelers reissued its business automobile policy to American Red Cross. The policy provided $1,000,000 of liability coverage and $40,000 of uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage. Thus, unless the American Red Cross election of May 18, 1982, constituted a request for a lesser amount of coverage within the meaning of the later amended § 38-175c (a) (2), the uninsured motorist coverage, by operation of law, would be $1,000,000, the amount equal to the liability coverage.
On February 7,1985, Joanne Malee, Ruth Glahn and Katherine Mazzaferro, were involved in a two car collision in Southington. The driver of the other car caused the accident. Malee and Glahn died in the crash and Mazzaferro was seriously injured. The insurance carrier for the other vehicle paid each of the claimants $100,000.
Unable to agree on whether the Travelers policy provided $1,000,000 or $40,000 of underinsured motorist coverage, the parties submitted the issue to arbitration.3 The arbitration panel found that the May 18,1982 *402election of minimum coverage by American Red Cross failed to satisfy the request for a lesser amount of coverage required by § 38-175c (a) (2) and therefore, the underinsured motorist coverage was $1,000,000, i.e., the amount of the liability coverage.
Travelers filed an application in Superior Court to set aside the arbitration ruling.* *4 The trial court, Hammer, J., concluding, inter alia, that “neither Travelers nor the Red Cross took any steps to comply with the express requirements of the statute (i.e. § 38-175c (a) (2)) with specific reference to the policy issued on July 1, 1984,” confirmed the award. Travelers appealed to the Appellate Court. We thereafter transferred the matter to ourselves pursuant to Practice Book § 4023.
On appeal, Travelers claims that its insured’s written election of May 18,1982, constituted a continuing directive to Travelers to provide the minimum uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage (UM coverage) permitted by law, and thus, the May 18,1982 election served as an anticipatory request for a lesser amount of coverage as required by the subsequently amended statute. We do not agree.
Prior to the enactment of § 38-175c; see Public Acts 1967, No. 510; UM coverage, although available, was not required. Coverage was limited to the amount requested by the insured. In 1969, § 38-175c was amended to require parity of UM coverage with the minimum limits of liability coverage required by Gen*403eral Statutes § 14-112 (a). See Public Acts 1969, No. 202. In 1983, § 38-175c was again amended now to require parity of UM coverage with the amount of liability coverage purchased by the insured unless the insured specifically requested a lesser amount. See Public Acts 1983, No. 83-461. Thus, examination of the recent history of § 38-175c discloses: (1) a heightened legislative interest in uninsured motorist protection; (2) a mandate to raise the amount of this protection; and (3) an intention to increase the public’s consciousness as to the availability of this kind of insurance by requiring increased coverage unless the insured specifically requested otherwise. “A statute is to be construed by considering its legislative history, language, purpose and the circumstances surrounding its enactment.” Nationwide Ins. Co. v. Gode, 187 Conn. 386, 395, 446 A.2d 1059 (1982).
We have no doubt that the General Assembly contemplated that an insured should make a purposeful and knowing decision to request a lesser amount of UM coverage. The legislative history of Public Acts 1983, No. 83-461 demonstrates the importance that the legislature attached to specific awareness of the content of the statute: “Under sub-section 2, it would require each insured who purchases more than the legally required amount of liability insurance would [sic] receive the same amount of uninsured motorist coverage. The insured would have an opportunity to waive in writing the additional uninsured motorist coverage. This change would increase the consumer’s awareness of the value of low-cost uninsured motorist coverage which protects the insured and his family members. Apparently many drivers purchase $100,000.00 or more of liability coverage but leave their uninsured motorist coverage at the minimum of $20,000.00-$40,000.00. Sub-section 2 which gives such a driver an increased amount of uninsured motorist coverage, unless he makes *404a conscious decision not to purchase it.” (Emphasis added.) 26 S. Proc., Pt. 9,1983 Sess., p. 3055, remarks of Senator Wayne A. Baker.
Section 38-175c (a) (2) mandates “uninsured motorist coverage with limits . . . equal to those purchased [by the insured] to protect against loss resulting from the liability imposed by law unless the insured requests in writing a lesser amount . . . .” (Emphasis added.) The verb speaks in the present tense. The statute does not say “requested” nor does it say “may have requested in the past.” We are entitled to presume that if the legislature intended that past acts could constitute compliance with the mandate of requests for a lesser amount pursuant to the statute, language to that effect would appear in the statute. “[W]hen the language of a statute is plain and unambiguous, we need look no further than the words themselves because we assume that the language expresses the legislature’s intent. State v. White, 204 Conn. 410, 421, 528 A.2d 811 (1987); Beloff v. Progressive Casualty Ins. Co., 203 Conn. 45, 54-55, 523 A.2d 477 (1987).” American Universal Ins. Co. v. DelGreco, 205 Conn. 178, 193, 530 A.2d 171 (1987).
Section 38-175c (a) (2) further provides: “Such written request shall apply to all subsequent renewals of coverage and to all policies or endorsements which extend, change, supersede or replace an existing policy issued to the named insured, unless changed in writing by the insured.” (Emphasis added.) The adjective refers to succeeding or following renewals. There is no reference to requests for lesser amounts that may have accompanied prior renewals of coverage.
Finally, we observe that although the amendment was enacted on July 5, 1983, its effective date was stayed almost one full year to July 1,1984. In so doing, the legislature presumably intended to allow insurance *405carriers to notify their insureds of the act’s new consequences and to furnish time thereafter for them to request the lesser amount of coverage.
Adoption of Travelers’ argument would require us to overlook the fact that the American Red Cross election of minimum limits executed in May, 1982, seeks to comply with the terms of a statute that did not exist until July, 1983, and was not effective until July 1, 1984. Further, the claim that this constituted a conscious request for a lesser amount pursuant to the statute is irreconcilable with the fact that neither Travelers nor American Red Cross in negotiating the insurance contract was even aware that the 1983 amendment to the statute existed.
In sum, we conclude that in its enactment of § 38-175c (a) (2), the legislature intended that there be absolute parity between liability coverage limits and UM coverage limits as of July 1, 1984, and that any reductions in UM coverage would require a request for a lesser amount to be made after that date.
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion Peters, C. J., and Hull, J., concurred.

 General Statutes (Rev. to 1981) § 38-175c (a) (1) provided: “Every such [automobile liability] policy shall provide insurance, herein called uninsured motorist coverage . . . with limits for bodily injury or death not less than those specified in subsection (a) of section 14-112 . . . .” General Statutes (Rev. to 1981) § 14-112 (a) provided: “[T]he commissioner shall require . . . proof of financial responsibility to satisfy any claim for damages by reason of personal injury to, or the death of, any one person, twenty thousand dollars . . . .”

 General Statutes (Rev. to 1983) § 38-175c (a) (2), as amended by Public Acts 1983, No. 83-461, provided: “Notwithstanding any provision of this section to the contrary, every such policy issued or renewed on and after July 1,1984, shall provide uninsured motorist coverage with limits for bodily injury and death equal to those purchased to protect against loss resulting from the liability imposed by law unless the insured requests in writing a lesser amount, but not less than the limits specified in subsection (a) of section 14-112. Such written request shall apply to all subsequent renewals of coverage and to all policies or endorsements which extend, change, supersede or replace an existing policy issued to the named insured, unless changed in writing by the insured.”

 The Travelers policy provided: “If we and an insured disagree whether the insured is legally entitled to recover damages from the owner or driver *402of an uninsured motor vehicle, or do not agree as to the amount of damages, the insured may make a written demand for arbitration.”

 General Statutes § 52-418 provides: “(a) Upon the application of any party to an arbitration, the superior court for the judicial district in which one of the parties resides . . . shall make an order vacating the award if it finds any of the following defects ... (4) if the arbitrators have exceeded their powers or so imperfectly executed them that a mutual, final and definite award upon the subject matter submitted was not made.”