Court Opinion

ID: 2777586
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-02-06 16:03:21.944343+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:28:05.590230
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
                                                                   Feb 06 2015, 10:07 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT                                      ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Kyle C. Persinger                                            Joel K. Stein
Scott J. Hunt                                                Lynn and Stein, P.C.
Spitzer Herriman Stephenson                                  Wabash, Indiana
Holderead Conner & Persinger, LLP
Marion, Indiana

                                             IN THE
     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In Re The Guardianship of                                   February 6, 2015
Samantha R. Barton                                          Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                            85A02-1403-GU-213
Harriet Barton,                                             Appeal from the
                                                            Wabash Circuit Court
Appellant-Respondent,1
                                                            The Honorable
        v.                                                  Robert R. McCallen, III, Judge

                                                            Cause No. 85C01-1304-GU-16
James P. Barton,

1
  We note that the caption on Harriet Barton’s appellate brief identifies “Samantha Renee Barton, by next
friend Harriet Barton” as being an additional appellant. Upon review of the proceedings below, we find that
Samantha was not a named party in the trial court, nor did Mother request or receive permission to proceed
as Samantha’s “next friend” at any time. From the record before us, it appears that Mother, in her notice of
appeal, unilaterally designated herself as next friend of Samantha, identified Samantha as a named party, and
listed Samantha as an appellant on the caption of the briefs. Finding that this was inappropriate, we decline
to consider Samantha as a separate party/appellant to this appeal. However, this decision does not affect our
analysis of the issues raised, since Mother does not distinguish in her brief between her own arguments and
those of Samantha.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015           Page 1 of 24
      Appellee-Plaintiff

      Kirsch, Judge.

[1]   After the trial court appointed James P. Barton (“Father”) as guardian over his

      adult daughter, Samantha R. Barton (“Samantha”), Harriet Barton (“Mother”)

      appeals and raises one issue with a number of subparts, which we restate as:

      whether Samantha was deprived of her due process rights during the

      guardianship proceedings, requiring us to reverse the trial court’s appointment

      of Father as her guardian.

[2]   We affirm.

                                 Facts and Procedural History
[3]   Samantha was born in 1988 and is the adult daughter of Mother and Father,

      who were married for approximately ten years and dissolved their marriage in

      1990. Samantha has cerebral palsy, as well as a developmental delay that often

      accompanies it. By all accounts, Samantha is a well-loved young lady, with a

      social, good-humored, talkative disposition. Samantha has a number of

      physical limitations because of the cerebral palsy, and she requires twenty-four-

      hour care. She has balance issues and mobility limitations, and she needs

      assistance if walking; sometimes she uses a walker and a gait belt to walk, other

      times she uses a wheelchair to get around. She has vision impairment and has

      limited ability with her left hand. Samantha also needs assistance with bathing.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 2 of 24
[4]   Samantha’s mental function has been described as being the equivalent of a

      child between the ages of six and thirteen years. She reads at an elementary

      school level, and while she is capable of learning, she is not expected to advance

      much beyond her current level. She will never be able to make enough money

      to support herself, and she cannot manage her own finances.

[5]   After the dissolution in 1990, Samantha resided with Mother and exercised

      regular and consistent visitation with Father. In 2008, Samantha graduated

      from Wabash High School, and thereafter, Mother and Father began sending

      Samantha to adult programming with Carey Services in Marion on some days

      so that Samantha could have structure and participate in activities. In May

      2009, when she was almost twenty-one years of age, she began receiving social

      security disability payments, and those payments were made payable to Mother

      as payee. Tr. at 52, 385. Sometime in 2009, Mother consulted with an attorney

      and asked him to prepare guardianship papers appointing Mother as guardian

      over Samantha. Father did not agree to Mother being the sole guardian,

      suggesting that they be appointed co-guardians, but Mother did not agree to

      that arrangement. Neither party took further action at that time to establish a

      guardianship of Samantha. Id. at 412.

[6]   In May 2011, by agreement of Father and Mother, Samantha began living

      primarily with Father. She stayed with Father and his wife (“Stepmother”)

      from Sunday afternoon through Friday evening or Saturday morning, and then

      Samantha would spend the weekends with Mother. There were no problems or

      issues with visitation or exchanges of Samantha during the time that Samantha

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 3 of 24
      lived with Father. During this time, Samantha and her parents determined that

      Carey Services was not a good fit for Samantha, and, by agreement of the

      parties, Samantha began attending and receiving services from ARC of Wabash

      County (“ARC”) in November 2011.

[7]   This arrangement – living with Father during the week and Mother on the

      weekends – continued until early April 2013. On April 5, 2013, Father filed a

      verified petition for appointment of guardian over person and estate of

      incapacitated person. In the petition, Father sought appointment as

      Samantha’s guardian, but proposed in the petition that Mother be named co-

      guardian, if she chose to do so. On April 7 or 8, 2013, Mother took Samantha

      for visitation as was the routine, but she did not return Samantha to Father’s

      home. He did not see her for six weeks thereafter. On April 11, 2013, Mother

      filed an Acknowledgement with the trial court confirming that she had been

      served with the petition and the notice of hearing, and, about a month later,

      Mother filed a motion to dismiss Father’s petition for guardianship, which the

      trial court later denied.

[8]   On June 12, 2013, Father filed a petition for the appointment of a guardian ad

      litem. That day, the trial court entered an order appointing Stephanie

      Gottschalk (“Gottschalk” or “the GAL”), who was identified in Father’s

      motion as an available and appropriate individual to serve as GAL. About a

      month later, Father filed an amended verified petition for appointment of

      guardian over the person and estate of incapacitated person, asking to be

      appointed as sole guardian of Samantha. Samantha, who was living with

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 4 of 24
       Father at the time he filed his petition and living with Mother at the time he

       filed the amended petition, did not receive notice of Father’s petitions.

[9]    On October 9, 2013, the GAL filed her home study evaluation report, which

       recommended that the trial court appoint Father as Samantha’s guardian.

       Several months later, on January 17, 2014, Mother filed an objection and

       motion to strike the GAL report, and she asked the trial court to remove the

       GAL and to appoint a new GAL. That same date, the trial court denied the

       motion, finding “the Respondent has waived an objection to the appointment of

       Guardian which occurred more than 6 months ago.” Appellant’s App. at 5. On

       January 21, 2014, the GAL submitted an updated report to the trial court and

       the parties. The GAL stated that her “initial recommendations regarding

       guardianship and placement of Samantha remain unchanged.” Appellee’s App.

       at 35.

[10]   The hearing on Father’s amended petition for guardianship commenced

       January 30, 2014, and continued two more days, February 11 and February 25,

       2014. Mother and Father both appeared in person and by counsel. The GAL

       appeared in person. Samantha did not attend the hearings. At its core, the

       dispute stems from the fact that the parents do not share similar views on what

       is best for Samantha. Father alleges that a guardianship is necessary and that it

       is best for her to have daily structure and routine through a program such as

       ARC, which provides workshop services at the facility, where she can build

       things and interact with peers, as well as activities in the community. Father

       urges that Samantha is not capable of always determining what is in her best

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 5 of 24
       interests. Father also asserts that Mother does not facilitate, and indeed

       impedes, his visitation with Samantha. Mother’s position is that a guardianship

       is not necessary, as all of Samantha’s needs are and have been satisfactorily met

       without a guardianship in place and that her attendance at Carey Services,

       currently one day per week, is meeting her needs. Mother maintains that

       Samantha is an adult and should be treated as an adult in many aspects,

       including allowing her to decide where to live, when to visit Father and for how

       long, and how often to attend programs and services. Both parties presented a

       number of witnesses, testimony, and evidence in support of their respective

       positions, including service providers, a counselor, a physician, and family

       members.

[11]   According to the evidence presented, Samantha lived with her Mother from

       early April 2013, when Father filed the petition for guardianship, until about six

       weeks prior the hearing, at which time she began residing with her maternal

       grandmother (“Grandmother”), with whom Samantha had a close relationship

       all her life. Mother explained that Samantha began living with Grandmother

       because Mother had had knee surgery and needed help with Samantha’s care,

       but even after Mother was well, Mother permitted Samantha to reside at

       Grandmother’s house because Samantha told Mother she was happy there.

       The evidence further revealed that, despite his requests for visitation and time

       with Samantha, Father had visitation with Samantha on eleven occasions in the

       last year, including four overnights with Samantha in the six months prior to

       the hearing. Father presented evidence that his lack of time and visitation with

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 6 of 24
       Samantha was due to Mother’s and Grandmother’s influence on Samantha and

       their unwillingness to make Samantha available. Father asserted that the

       visitation exchanges were often filled with drama and turmoil, which was very

       upsetting to Samantha. Mother, in turn, alleged that Samantha was old enough

       to decide where she wanted to go and if and when she wanted to visit with

       Father, and that it was appropriate to respect those wishes.

[12]   After Samantha began living with Mother in April 2013, and without

       consulting Father, Mother changed Samantha’s enrollment from ARC to Carey

       Services in Hartford City (“Carey Services”), where Samantha attended one

       day per week. Because the Carey Services facility in Hartford City was

       resolving state licensing issues, no services at the facility, such as workshops or

       other events, were offered or available. Instead, all services occurred out in the

       community, including activities such as regular volunteering at a nursing home.

       Father urges that the evidence at the hearing established that Samantha needs

       routine and consistency and that her attendance at ARC five days per week was

       better for her because it met her physical, social, and emotional needs. It

       exposed her to a peer group with whom she could and should interact, and it

       allowed her to work in a workshop on some of the days, and this gave her not

       only some money to spend, but also a sense of accomplishment and pride to be

       able to see that she had completed tasks. He maintained that having Samantha

       attend services only one day per week at Carey, as she was doing while living

       with Mother (or Grandmother), was detrimental to her because it created a

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 7 of 24
       dependent environment, it was socially isolating, and her physical mobility was

       regressing and her weight was increasing.

[13]   In addition to his own testimony, Father called as a witness Libby Waas

       (“Waas”), who was Samantha’s case coordinator at ARC from November 2011

       until March or April 2013. Waas worked with Samantha on a daily basis, and

       testified that Samantha thrived at ARC, and although she was reserved at first,

       she gained socialization and work skills. Samantha participated in the

       workshop at the facility, where she earned a nominal amount of money, but

       Waas emphasized that money was not the focus. Rather, the goals were to

       learn new skills, interact with peers, increase focus, and accept direction

       appropriately. Samantha also participated in activities outside of the ARC

       facility, out in the community, such as library visits. There were no issues with

       Samantha’s attendance at ARC, although Waas testified that sometimes

       Mother or Grandmother would come early to pick up Samantha, often without

       calling ahead to notify the staff, or even desiring to stay on the premise, which

       ARC discouraged because it was not beneficial to fostering independence.

       Waas testified that Grandmother was not supportive of the ARC staff, even

       “nasty” sometimes. Tr. at 73. Waas also noted that Samantha’s demeanor was

       different when she would come to ARC from Mother’s house, seeming “less

       cheery” and “moody.” Id. at 73-74. Quarterly meetings were held to discuss

       programs, plans, and goals for Samantha. Although Samantha attended the

       meetings, Waas stated that Samantha appeared not to grasp the meaning and

       purpose of the meetings and was disruptive “in a fun kind of way.” Id. at 77.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 8 of 24
       Waas testified that the long term goal for Samantha was to prepare her to be

       able live the most productive life possible within her capabilities.

[14]   Also testifying for Father was Julie Sluss (“Sluss”), who was employed by

       Advocacy Links, a case management business that acted to oversee

       independent providers such as ARC and Carey Services. Sluss was Samantha’s

       case manager at the time of the hearing, and had been since 2011, when

       Samantha began living with Father. While she felt Carey and ARC both

       offered acceptable programming for Samantha, Sluss testified that attending

       one day per week was not sufficient, opining that Samantha needed consistency

       and that five days per week was not too much for her. Sluss attended the

       quarterly progress meetings along with Samantha, her case coordinator, and her

       parents. Like Waas, Sluss testified that Samantha did not understand the

       purpose and did not participate in a meaningful way, sometimes being

       disruptive by playing on a cell phone or moving papers around, describing that

       Samantha was “not usually [] in tune to what we’re talking about.” Id. at 144.

       She indicated that Samantha needed structure and routine, consistent

       participation, and peer interaction, such that staying home with her

       Grandmother or Mother on most days was not in Samantha’s best interest and

       did not provide Samantha with a support system outside of her family, which is

       preferred in order to prepare Samantha for the eventuality that she may outlive

       her parents. Sluss noticed that, since returning to living with Mother in 2013,

       Samantha curses more often and exhibits more childlike behaviors. Sluss

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 9 of 24
       opined that Mother possessed “an unrealistic idea of Samantha’s ability to

       make decisions for herself.” Id. at 142.

[15]   Among others, Mother called as a witness Joshua Loft (“Loft”), who was

       Samantha’s more recent case coordinator at Carey Services. He testified that in

       the quarterly meetings Samantha was able to communicate her needs and wants

       and that she expressed her preference for community services, those where she

       interacted in the community, to those in a facility workshop setting. Loft

       testified that Samantha is “capable of making those decisions.” Id. at 240.

       Mother also presented the testimony of Samantha’s counselor, Jodi Reinke

       (“Reinke”) of Still Waters Professional Counseling. Reinke began seeing

       Samantha in May of 2013 to assist with relationship conflicts that were

       troubling Samantha. Her goals were to help Samantha advocate for herself and

       verbalize and communicate her wishes. She described Samantha as sometimes

       silly, but insightful. Id. at 257. Reinke testified that Samantha has difficulty

       processing abstract issues, and she also observed that if Samantha is given too

       many options, she is overwhelmed.

[16]   Mother also called Samantha’s physician, Dr. Lori Fuqua (“Fuqua”) to testify.

       She began seeing Samantha in May of 2013. Fuqua testified that, at the intake

       appointment, Samantha expressed that she was upset about her parents not

       getting along, and she told Fuqua that she did not want to live with Father.

       Fuqua described Samantha as having the mental capabilities of a child in the

       range of a nine to eleven years old.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 10 of 24
[17]   According to several witnesses, Samantha is a pleaser, in that she desires to

       please whomever she is talking to at that moment, so that if Samantha is asked

       the same question more than once, she may try to change her answer to give the

       perceived right answer. Waas expressed concern that she was very influenced

       by Mother and Grandmother to the extent that she was submissive to them.

       Sluss likewise reported that, due to Samantha’s level of functioning, she very

       easily is led to say what she thinks someone wants her to say.

[18]   The GAL’s reports were admitted into evidence over Mother’s objections. Her

       report concluded that both parents certainly love Samantha, have appropriate

       homes, and express a desire to put Samantha’s best interest as the primary

       consideration. The GAL testified that she believed that the current

       arrangement of Samantha attending Carey Services one day per week was not

       sufficiently meeting Samantha’s needs, but further stated attending five days per

       week may not be necessary, opining “I believe that there can be a compromise

       reached.” Id. at 424, 436. The GAL testified that Samantha is able to make

       decisions regarding simple concrete issues, such as what cookie she would like

       or where she would like to shop, but she is not able to make decisions about

       abstract concepts such as what types of services, training, or programming she

       needs or is best for her because she does not understand the impact those

       decisions have on her life and the long term benefits and consequences of those

       decisions. The GAL indicated her belief that, without court intervention, and if

       left living with Mother and/or Grandmother, Samantha “will continue to have

       control over areas of her life that have a tremendous impact on her well being,”

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 11 of 24
       but that Samantha “does not understand the impact of those decisions.”

       Appellee’s App. at 27; Tr. at 423. In light of this, the GAL recommended that

       Father be named Samantha’s legal guardian.

[19]   At the conclusion of the evidence, the trial court took the matter under

       advisement. Two days later, the trial court issued a detailed order, which

       granted Father’s guardianship petition.2 Among other things, the trial court

       stated:

                  For a significant time after Samantha turned eighteen, she had
                  frequent contact with both parents. Beginning in 2011, Samantha
                  began living with [Father] during the week and visiting with [Mother]
                  on the weekends. [Mother] agreed to this because she was unsatisfied
                  with the services provided by Carey Services in Marion and wanted
                  Samantha to participate in services through ARC of Wabash County.
                  . . . During this time, Samantha had a routine. Samantha attended
                  ARC five (5) days a week, she received therapeutic services and she
                  earned money which she enjoyed spending. During this time, neither
                  parent felt Samantha needed counseling and none was sought out. . .
                  . Samantha blossomed during her time at ARC. . . .

                  After the guardianship proceeding was filed, [Mother] changed the
                  parties’ arrangement and Samantha is now with her the vast majority
                  of the time while [Father’s] contact with Samantha has been
                  significantly limited. [Mother’s] actions were and are reprehensible.
                  They are clearly vindictive. Further, [Mother] relies upon her mother,
                  [Grandmother], to provide a significant amount of Samantha’s care.
                  When Samantha was at ARC, [Grandmother] was banned from there
                  for being disruptive.

       2
           We commend the trial court on the thoroughness of its order, which greatly assisted our appellate review.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015            Page 12 of 24
        ....

        Arguably, Samantha’s physical needs are being met. She has food,
        clothing and shelter. . . . [Father] wants to prepare Samantha for the
        future and the possibility she will outlive her parents. Part of his plan
        includes services through ARC.

        If [Mother] continues to have her way, Samantha’s contact with
        [Father], which is in her best interest, will continue to be severely
        curtailed, if not eliminated altogether. [Mother] did not even request
        [Father’s] involvement when she made arrangements for Samantha to
        return to Carey Services. . . .

        Samantha’s ability to learn to be more independent has diminished in
        [Mother’s] care. [Mother] manipulates Samantha to do and say as
        [Mother] desires. . . .

        ....

        The drama at exchanges between the parties is [Mother]-driven. . . . If
        [Mother] truly wants the exchanges to go better, she should encourage
        Samantha, not discourage her.

        ....

        Since Samantha has been in the primary care of [Mother] her physical
        mobility has diminished. She has also gained weight. Clearly [Father]
        encourages Samantha to walk as independently as possible and not to
        rely on her wheelchair as much as [Mother] allows. . . . According to
        [Mother], Samantha needs and is receiving counseling which
        apparently she did not need or receive when living with [Father].

        [Mother’s] credibility in these proceedings is dubious. . . . The Court
        finds her testimony, as well as [Grandmother’s], suspicious. . . .

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 13 of 24
                Also important is the Court’s observation of [Mother] during the
                hearings. Her facial expressions when [Father] and his witnesses
                testified appeared condescending. She is in no way inclined to openly
                consider any options other than those she deems appropriate[.] . . .

                For these reasons, the Court finds that the guardianship is in
                Samantha’s best interests and is necessary as a means of providing
                necessary and essential care and supervision for Samantha. In fact, the
                guardianship is necessary to Samantha’s overall well-being. . . .
                [Mother] provides Samantha with a dependent environment while
                [Father’s] focus is on Samantha becoming more independent.

                Granting [Father] guardianship is the only way the Court can ensure
                that Samantha’s current physical and emotional needs are being
                adequately met and that she will have a significant and meaningful
                relationship with all members of her family and others which is clearly
                in her best interests and necessary for her well-being. . . .

       Appellant’s App. at 8-11. Mother now appeals.3 Additional facts will be supplied

       as necessary.

                                        Discussion and Decision
[20]   Indiana Code Section 29-3-5-3 provides that the trial court “shall appoint a

       guardian” if the trial court finds that: (1) the individual for whom the guardian

       3
         Father argues that Mother failed to apply for permission to participate in the proceedings as is provided by
       Indiana Code section 29-3-5-1(f) and that, therefore, her “attempt to participate as a Respondent should be
       denied.” Appellee’s Br. at 24 (citing Ind. Code § 29-3-5-1(f), which states in relevant part: Any person may
       apply for permission to participate in the proceeding, and the court may grant the request with or without
       hearing upon determining that the best interest of the alleged incapacitated person or minor will be served by
       permitting the applicant’s participation). Father is correct that Mother never requested permission to
       participate. However, the trial court recognized Mother as a respondent throughout the proceedings, and
       indeed, all parties operated under that premise. Under these circumstances, we decline Father’s request to
       preclude Mother from appealing.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015           Page 14 of 24
       is sought is an incapacitated person or a minor; and (2) the appointment of a

       guardian is necessary as a means of providing care and supervision of the

       physical person or property of the incapacitated person or minor. In

       guardianship proceedings, all findings and orders are within the discretion of

       the trial court. In re Guardianship of Hollenga, 852 N.E.2d 933, 936 (Ind. Ct.

       App. 2006). Accordingly, we review the trial court’s order and findings for an

       abuse of discretion. Id. at 937. We will find the trial court has abused its

       discretion only if its decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts

       and circumstances before the court, or if the court has misinterpreted the law.

       Id. The overriding consideration in selecting a guardian is the best interest of

       the incapacitated person or minor. In re Guardianship of A.L.C., 902 N.E.2d 343,

       360 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009).

[21]   On appeal, Mother asks us to reverse the trial court’s order granting Father’s

       guardianship petition due to several procedural issues that, she claims, violated

       Samantha’s due process rights. Specifically, she argues that Samantha was

       denied due process as a result of the following: (1) Father did not provide

       Samantha with notice of the guardianship petition as required by statute; (2)

       Samantha was not present for any of the three days of hearings on the

       guardianship; and (3) the GAL appointment was not properly made, the GAL

       did not represent Samantha’s interests, and, therefore, the trial court should

       have appointed counsel to represent Samantha’s interests at the hearing.

[22]   Mother correctly asserts that Samantha was not served with notice as required

       by statute. Indiana Code section 29-3-6-1(a)(4)(A) requires that when a petition

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 15 of 24
       for appointment of a guardian for an alleged incapacitated person is filed, a

       notice of the petition and the hearing on the petition shall be given to the

       incapacitated person whose whereabouts can be determined upon reasonable

       inquiry. Here, Father admits that he did not serve notice upon Samantha. He

       explains that, at the time he filed his initial petition for guardianship, in which

       he suggested he and Mother be appointed co-guardians, he held the belief and

       expectation that the guardianship “was a formality,” and he was “totally

       surprised” by Mother’s reaction to his request for a joint guardianship.

       Appellee’s Br. at 14. He concedes, “[N]one of this excuses the failure to provide

       Samantha with notice,” but maintains that Samantha’s due process rights were

       not violated as a result of the lack of notice. Id. at 15. Mother maintains,

       however, that “[d]ue to the deficiency of lack of any notice being served on

       Samantha the trial court’s awarding of a guardian over Samantha was

       inappropriate,” and she asks us to reverse and remand for a new hearing.

       Appellant’s Br. at 8.

[23]   Initially, we observe that, under Indiana Code section 29-3-6-1(a)(4)(A), it was

       Samantha’s right to receive notice, and Mother does not have standing to

       enforce that right. See e.g., In re Guardianship of Atkins, 868 N.E.2d 878, 887

       (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (recognizing that right to be present at guardianship

       hearing belonged to incapacitated individual, and neither his life partner nor his

       parents had standing to enforce it), trans. denied. The trial court appointed a

       GAL “to represent the interests of [Samantha],” pursuant to Indiana Code § 29-

       3-2-3(a), and the GAL did not raise the issue of lack of notice to Samantha to

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 16 of 24
       the trial court, nor did she file an appeal. Therefore, this issue has been waived.

       Id. However, even if we analyze it as Mother’s right to enforce, we reach the

       same outcome. When Father initially filed his petition for guardianship in

       April 2013, Samantha was living with him, and when Father filed his amended

       petition in June 2013, seeking that he be appointed sole guardian, Samantha

       was living with Mother. Mother received the notices and attended the hearings.

       Mother could have raised the lack of notice and alleged violation of due process

       to the trial court, but did not. Rather, she is raising it for the first time on

       appeal. In such a case, we find that she has waived the issue. Hite v.

       Vanderburgh Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 845 N.E.2d 175, 181 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2006) (where Father did not raise alleged violation of due process for lack of

       notice of CHINS proceeding until appeal from termination proceeding, Father

       waived issue on appeal).

[24]   Waiver notwithstanding, we examine Mother’s claim and determine she is not

       entitled to relief. Other than making the assertion that Samantha did not

       receive notice as required by the statute, Mother has not pleaded any facts or

       provided any argument to explain her position that the lack of notice violated

       Samantha’s due process rights. This court has recently confirmed that “there is

       ‘no authority for the proposition that the failure to comply with the notice

       requirements of [Indiana Code section] 29-3-6-1 automatically invalidates an

       appointment of permanent guardianship.’” In re Adoption of J.L.J., 4 N.E.3d
1189, 1198 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014) (quoting Wells v. Guardianship of Wells, 731
N.E.2d 1047, 1050 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), trans. denied), trans. denied; see also

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 17 of 24
       Trook v. Lafayette Bank & Trust Co., 581 N.E.2d 941, 946 (Ind. Ct. App. 1991)

       (lack of notice of guardianship proceedings to proposed ward is waivable defect,

       which renders the guardianship proceeding voidable and not void ab initio),

       trans. denied.

[25]   The evidence at trial revealed that Samantha was considered to possess the

       reading level of an elementary school child. While the evidence was that she

       consistently attended the quarterly meetings at ARC and Carey Services with

       her parents, her case coordinator, and the case manager, Samantha did not

       participate in a meaningful way in those meetings. Although she has the

       capability of making simple, concrete decisions, she is not capable of processing

       more abstract concepts and making informed decisions on complex or abstract

       issues. Even if Samantha had received notice of the hearing, the evidence

       presented at trial indicates that, while she might have been able to read the

       words of the notice, she could not have comprehended the abstract concept of a

       legal guardianship and a hearing, and there is no evidence that she would have

       attended the hearing. A GAL was appointed to represent her interests, and she

       prepared a report based on numerous interviews and testified at the hearing.

       Various witnesses testified for both Mother and Father. We conclude that,

       under the facts of this case, the lack of notice did not amount to a due process

       violation.

[26]   In a related argument, Mother asserts that Samantha was not present at any of

       the three days of the guardianship hearings and that Indiana Code section 29-3-

       5-1(d) required her presence. As we determined with regard to the right to

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       receive notice of the petition and hearing, it was Samantha’s right to be present

       at the hearing, and Mother does not have standing to enforce that right. In re

       Guardianship of Atkins, 868 N.E.2d at 887. Samantha had a court-appointed

       GAL to represent her interests, and the GAL did not request that Samantha be

       present. Consequently, this right has been waived. Id. (court-appointed GAL

       did not insist that incapacitated person be present at hearing and thus issue was

       deemed waived on appeal).

[27]   Nevertheless, we turn to Indiana Code section 29-3-5-1, which, in pertinent

       part, states that a person alleged to be an incapacitated person “must be present

       at the hearing . . . unless the court determines by evidence” that:

               (2) it is not in the alleged incapacitated person’s best interest to be
               present because of a threat to the health or safety of the alleged
               incapacitated person as determined by the court[.]

       Ind. Code § 29-3-5-1(d)(2). Here, the trial court expressly recognized in its order

       as follows: “Samantha Barton was not present. The evidence clearly established

       that she is troubled by the conflict between her mom and dad. Based upon that

       evidence, her attendance was not in her best interests.” Appellant’s App. at 8. The

       statute permitted the trial court to make the determination that it was not in her

       best interest to be present, and our review of the record before us reveals ample

       support for the trial court’s decision. Indeed, the counselor, physician, and

       Mother all indicated that Samantha was troubled by the current conflict between

       her parents. The trial court’s determination that it was not in Samantha’s best

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 19 of 24
       interest to appear in court was supported by the evidence, and the trial court

       properly declined to require Samantha’s presence at the hearing.

[28]   Mother also raises a number of concerns about the GAL, including the manner

       of her appointment, her qualifications, and her alleged failure to represent

       Samantha’s best interests such that the trial court should have appointed an

       attorney to represent Samantha. Indiana Code section 29-3-2-3(a) grants a trial

       court the authority to appoint a guardian ad litem for an alleged incapacitated

       person in guardianship proceedings. It states, in relevant part:

               [T]he court shall appoint a guardian ad litem to represent the interests
               of the alleged incapacitated person or minor if the court determines
               that the alleged incapacitated person or minor is not represented or is
               not adequately represented by counsel. If not precluded by a conflict
               of interest, a guardian ad litem may be appointed to represent several
               persons or interests. The court as part of the record of the proceeding
               shall set out its reasons for appointing a guardian ad litem.

       Ind. Code § 29-3-2-3(a).

[29]   On June 12, 2013, Father filed a verified motion for appointment of a guardian

       ad litem “to represent the interests of Samantha [] in this matter.” Appellant’s

       App. at 16. Father’s motion identified Gottschalk as an available and

       appropriate individual to serve in the capacity of GAL, and that same day, the

       trial court appointed Gottschalk as GAL, ordering that she “shall act in that

       capacity as an officer of the court for purposes of investigating the relevant

       circumstances of this case.” Id. at 19. Mother takes issue with the fact that

       Father’s motion made “the specific request” for Gottschalk and that the trial

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       court granted it the same day without hearing, thereby implying that the trial

       court improperly named Gottschalk and that Gottschalk was biased in favor of

       Father. Appellant’s Br. at 9. Initially, we observe that there is no requirement

       that the trial court have held a hearing, and there was no error in not doing so.

       Next, although Father’s motion identified Gottschalk, the trial court obviously

       was not required to name her. Furthermore, there has been no evidence or

       suggestion that Gottschalk was anything other than objective in her

       investigation, reports, and testimony to the trial court. Mother did not file any

       objection to Gottschalk’s appointment until January 17, 2014, which was eight

       months after the GAL’s appointment, and three months after she filed her

       report, and about two weeks before the hearing. In her objection, Mother asked

       the trial court to remove Gottschalk and appoint a new GAL. The trial court

       denied Mother’s motion the same day, finding that it was waived. Contrary to

       Mother’s appellate claim, we find no error with the GAL’s appointment.

[30]   Mother further argues that Gottschalk was not qualified because she was not an

       attorney and did not have enough experience as a GAL. We disagree. First,

       Indiana Code section 29-3-2-3 does not require that the GAL be an attorney.

       Second, with regard to her experience, the record before us reveals that,

       although Gottschalk had been appointed as a GAL in “a couple” of

       guardianship cases, she possessed the following education and experience:

               I have a bachelor’s degree in psychology from Purdue University, with
               an emphasis on child development and family studies. I worked, I did
               – I did volunteer work for CASA for several years. I worked at
               White’s Family Services for fourteen years as a home-based family

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 21 of 24
               therapist working with families that were at risk of losing their children
               or already had lost their children in the foster system. I worked on
               reunifying families. I taught parenting classes at White’s through the
               (inaudible) parenting model. We did assessments, risk assessments on
               kids and on families. And I’ve done guardian ad litem work, started
               doing it a little bit in – around 2002 when my second child was born.
               So I just worked at White’s for a while. And now I’ve been doing
               guardian ad litem work for the last seven years. I provide services here
               in Wabash County, in Miami County, in Fulton County, in Kosciusko
               County.

       Tr. at 427. Reviewing the above credentials, we are satisfied that Gottschalk was

       suitably qualified.

[31]   Mother also claims that the GAL did not represent Samantha’s best interests,

       asserting that she did not offer evidence, cross-examine witnesses, or ask

       Samantha about her wishes regarding guardianship or where she wanted to live.

       The trial court’s order appointing the GAL directed that she “shall act as an

       officer of the court for purposes of investigating the relevant circumstances of

       this case.” Appellant’s App. at 18. It further ordered that the GAL make

       available to counsel or any party not represented, the GAL’s file of underlying

       data and reports, complete texts of diagnostic reports made to her, and the

       names and addresses of all persons with whom she consulted. Id. Pursuant to

       that order, the GAL thereafter met with and interviewed thirteen individuals,

       including Samantha’s counselor and case worker, and she also reviewed

       records, text messages, and voice mails between Mother and Father. She filed a

       thirty-page home study evaluation in October 2013, which was over two

       months before the January 30, 2014 hearing, giving the court and parties ample

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015   Page 22 of 24
       time to review and digest the report, and she filed an updated report on January

       21, 2014, so that the trial court and the parties would have her most recent

       recommendations. There is no evidence that she was not thorough or objective

       in her analysis or findings. The GAL was present at all three days of hearings,

       testified on the last day, and was examined by counsel for both Mother and

       Father. Mother challenges the fact that the GAL did not offer separate

       evidence or cross-examine witnesses. The GAL had already met with a number

       of the witnesses who appeared and testified at trial, and her report already

       reflected their discussions and information they shared with her. In any event,

       nothing in the statute or her appointment required her to cross-examine

       witnesses at the hearings or offer evidence beyond her evaluation or report.

       Mother argues that the GAL failed to ask Samantha where she wanted to live,

       or her wishes about the guardianship. However, the GAL explained that it is

       her practice not to “ask[] a child where they want to live.” Tr. at 443. Mother

       has failed to persuade us that the GAL did not represent Samantha’s interests,

       and we decline her request to order the trial court to appoint an attorney for

       Samantha.4

[32]   We conclude that none of the alleged due process violations, either individually

       or cumulatively, warrant a reversal of the trial court’s guardianship

       appointment.

       4
         Indiana Code section 29-3-5-1(c) permits, but does not require, a trial court to appoint an attorney to
       represent an alleged incapacitated person after a petition for guardianship is filed.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 85A02-1403-GU-213 | February 6, 2015             Page 23 of 24
[33]           Affirmed.

[34]   Friedlander, J., and Crone, J., concur.

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