Court Opinion

ID: 4247381
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-22 18:27:20.759814+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:44:23.623116
License: Public Domain

J-S72003-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                        PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

WILLIAM JOHN SAYERS, JR.,

                            Appellant                 No. 1789 EDA 2017

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 15, 2017
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County
             Criminal Division at No(s): CP-23-CR-0005425-2016

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., MUSMANNO, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.:                     FILED FEBRUARY 22, 2018

        Appellant, William John Sayers, Jr., appeals from the judgment of

sentence of time-served to 23 months’ incarceration, imposed after a jury

convicted him of resisting arrest.1 Appellant seeks to raise several issues on

appeal, including challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain his

conviction, and the discretionary aspects of his sentence. Additionally, his

counsel, Richard J. Blasetti, Esq., seeks to withdraw his representation of

Appellant pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and

Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).              After careful
____________________________________________

*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1 Appellant was also convicted of public drunkenness, but the trial court
subsequently granted his post-trial motion for judgment of acquittal on that
charge. Additionally, he was charged with aggravated assault, but the jury
found him not guilty.
J-S72003-17

review, we affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s

petition to withdraw.

        Briefly, Appellant was charged with resisting arrest, public intoxication,

and aggravated assault based on a scuffle he had with two police officers

who were serving him with a Protection From Abuse (PFA)2 order that

evicted Appellant from his residence. Appellant proceeded to a jury trial on

these charges in February of 2017. At the close thereof, he was found not

guilty of aggravated assault, but he was convicted of resisting arrest and

public intoxication.     However, the trial court granted Appellant’s post-trial

motion for judgment of acquittal on his public intoxication conviction.       For

his resisting arrest conviction, Appellant received a term of incarceration of

time-served to 23 months.

        Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal, and the trial court directed

him to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on

appeal.      In response, Attorney Blasetti filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(4)

statement of his intent to file a petition to withdraw.        On September 4,

2017, Attorney Blasetti filed that petition with this Court, as well as an

Anders brief, discussing his conclusion that Appellant’s sufficiency-of-the-

evidence challenge is frivolous, and asserting that he can discern no other,

non-frivolous issues to present herein. On September 13, 2017, Appellant
____________________________________________

2   See Protection From Abuse Act, 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 6101-6122.

                                           -2-
J-S72003-17

filed a pro se response raising additional claims, including a challenge to the

discretionary aspects of his sentence, and an argument that the jury was

prejudiced by allegations that he was intoxicated when the at-issue scuffle

with police officers occurred.

      It is well-established that,

      [t]his Court must first pass upon counsel’s petition to withdraw
      before reviewing the merits of the underlying issues presented
      by [the appellant]. Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d
287, 290 (Pa. Super. 2007) (en banc).

      Prior to withdrawing as counsel on a direct appeal under
      Anders, counsel must file a brief that meets the requirements
      established by our Supreme Court in Santiago. The brief must:

         (1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts,
         with citations to the record;

         (2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes
         arguably supports the appeal;

         (3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is
         frivolous; and

         (4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal
         is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
         record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that
         have led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.

      Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Counsel also must provide a copy of
      the Anders brief to his client. Attending the brief must be a
      letter that advises the client of his right to: “(1) retain new
      counsel to pursue the appeal; (2) proceed pro se on appeal; or
      (3) raise any points that the appellant deems worthy of the
      court[’]s attention in addition to the points raised by counsel in
      the Anders brief.” Commonwealth v. Nischan, 928 A.2d 349,
      353 (Pa. Super. 2007), appeal denied, 594 Pa. 704, 936 A.2d 40
      (2007).

Commonwealth v. Orellana, 86 A.3d 877, 879-80 (Pa. Super. 2014).

After determining that counsel has satisfied these technical requirements of

                                     -3-
J-S72003-17

Anders and Santiago, this Court must then “conduct an independent

review of the record to discern if there are any additional, non-frivolous

issues overlooked by counsel.”       Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113 A.3d
1246, 1250 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citations and footnote omitted).

      In this case, Attorney Blasetti’s Anders brief complies with the above-

stated requirements. Namely, he includes a summary of the relevant factual

and procedural history, he refers to portions of the record that could

arguably support Appellant’s sufficiency claim, and he sets forth his

conclusion that Appellant’s appeal is frivolous. He also explains his reasons

for reaching that determination, and supports his rationale with citations to

the record and pertinent legal authority.     Attorney Blasetti states in his

petition to withdraw that he has supplied Appellant with a copy of his

Anders brief, and he attaches a letter directed to Appellant in which he

informs Appellant of the rights enumerated in Nischan.            Accordingly,

counsel has complied with the technical requirements for withdrawal.        We

will now independently review the record to determine if Appellant’s issues

are frivolous, and to ascertain if there are any other non-frivolous issues he

could pursue on appeal.

      First, Appellant seeks to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to

sustain his conviction of resisting arrest.

      In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we must
      determine whether the evidence admitted at trial, as well as all
      reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, when viewed in the light
      most favorable to the verdict winner, are sufficient to support all
      elements of the offense. Commonwealth v. Moreno, 14 A.3d

                                      -4-
J-S72003-17

      133 (Pa. Super. 2011). Additionally, we may not reweigh the
      evidence or substitute our own judgment for that of the fact
      finder. Commonwealth v. Hartzell, 988 A.2d 141 (Pa. Super.
      2009). The evidence may be entirely circumstantial as long as it
      links the accused to the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
      Moreno, supra at 136.

Commonwealth v. Koch, 39 A.3d 996, 1001 (Pa. Super. 2011).

      The offense of resisting arrest is defined as follows:

      A person commits a misdemeanor of the second degree if, with
      the intent of preventing a public servant from effecting a lawful
      arrest or discharging any other duty, the person creates a
      substantial risk of bodily injury to the public servant or anyone
      else, or employs means justifying or requiring substantial force
      to overcome the resistance.

18 Pa.C.S. § 5104. Also, pertinent to Appellant’s argument herein, we note

that “[t]he provisions of 18 Pa.C.S.[] § 5104 are clearly disjunctive.”

Commonwealth v. Karl, 476 A.2d 908, 911 (Pa. Super. 1984).                “To be

convicted under the first provision of § 5104,” we have held that “it is

essential that there be a lawful arrest.”    Id.   However, section 5104 also

permits an individual to be convicted of resisting arrest where they prevent a

public servant from “discharging any other duty.”       Id.    Pertaining to that

provision of section 5104, we have held that it

      covers physical interference in a host of circumstances in which
      public servants discharge legal duties other than arrest. These
      include, for example, a policeman executing a search warrant, a
      fireman putting out a blaze, a forest or agricultural official
      making required inspections, an election official charged with
      monitoring balloting, and the like.

Id. (quoting MPC § 242.2 cmt. 5) (emphasis omitted).

                                     -5-
J-S72003-17

       In this case, the evidence was clearly sufficient to sustain Appellant’s

conviction of resisting arrest. Specifically, Media Borough Police Officer Eric

J. Gavin testified that at approximately 5:25 p.m. on August 8, 2016, he

arrived at Appellant’s residence, in full uniform, to serve a PFA order on

Appellant, which evicted Appellant from his residence. N.T. Trial, 2/15/17,

at 36. Appellant stipulated at trial that in serving this order, Officer Gavin

was lawfully engaged in fulfilling his duties as a police officer. Id. at 24. In

other words, Appellant agreed that the ‘discharging any other duty’ provision

of section 5104 applied, and was satisfied, in this case. 3     Appellant also

conceded that the PFA order was lawful, and prohibited him from entering

his residence on August 8, 2016. Id.

       When Officer Gavin approached Appellant’s home, Appellant was

sitting on the porch outside the residence.        Id. at 38.    Officer Gavin

explained to Appellant that he was there to serve him with an order that

evicted Appellant from the residence, and the officer handed Appellant a

copy of that court order. Id. at 39. At that point, Appellant began yelling at

Officer Gavin, stating, “I’m not fucking evicted,” and “you can’t fucking evict

me.” Id. at 39-40. Officer Gavin noted that Appellant “had slurred speech,
____________________________________________

3 Consequently, we find frivolous Appellant’s argument (presented in his pro
se response to counsel’s petition to withdraw) that his resisting arrest
conviction cannot stand because the police were not lawfully arresting him
for aggravated assault or public drunkenness. See Appellant’s Pro Se
Response, 9/13/17, at 2 (unnumbered).

                                           -6-
J-S72003-17

bloodshot watery eyes, [and] a heavy odor of alcohol on his breath.” Id. at

42.

      After about two or three minutes of Appellant’s becoming “steadily

more angry,” Appellant “stood up out of the chair [he had been sitting in

and] took a physically offensive posture, balling his fists up.” Id. at 42-43.

Officer Gavin backed up towards a doorway that led into the house, which

consisted of a closed “screen door and then a solid door[,]” so as to block

Appellant from entering the house.      Id. at 43-44.   Appellant continued to

shout at the officer, and he was also waving his finger and fist at Officer

Gavin. Id. at 47. Appellant then reached past Officer Gavin and “open[ed]

the door[,] … slam[ming] the door into [Officer Gavin’s] leg.”               Id.

Specifically, the “aluminum type screen door” struck Officer Gavin’s leg on

“the front of [his] knee,” causing “sharp pain in [his] knee[,]” as well as a

small abrasion and swelling. Id. at 48.

      This testimony by Officer Gavin was sufficient to prove that Appellant

created a substantial risk of bodily injury – and did actually cause such

injury – to Officer Gavin, with the intent of preventing the officer from

discharging his lawful duty of evicting Appellant from the residence.

Therefore, we agree with Attorney Blasetti that Appellant’s sufficiency

challenge is frivolous.

      We next address the claims Appellant presented in his pro se response

to counsel’s petition to withdraw. Appellant first contends that his “sentence

is illegal” because the trial court did not state sufficient reasons for imposing

                                      -7-
J-S72003-17

an “aggravated sentence[,]” and because the court utilized an improper prior

record score in determining the sentencing guideline ranges. Appellant’s Pro

Se Response, 9/13/17, at 1 (unnumbered). Both of these claims implicate

the discretionary aspects of Appellant’s sentence, not its legality.        See

Commonwealth v. Spenny, 128 A.3d 234, 241 (Pa. Super. 2015)

(considering a challenge to the trial court’s calculation of a prior record score

as implicating the discretionary aspects of a sentence); Commonwealth v.

Anderson, 830 A.2d 1013, 1016 (Pa. Super. 2003) (deeming a claim that

the court failed to provide sufficient reasons on the record to justify an

aggravated range sentence as a challenge to the discretionary aspects of

that sentence). Our review of the record reveals that Appellant did not raise

these sentencing claims during the sentencing hearing, or in a post-sentence

motion. Accordingly, they are waived, and it would be frivolous for Attorney

Blasetti to assert them herein. Anderson, 830 A.2d at 1016 (noting “that

objections to the discretionary aspects of a sentence are waived if they are

not raised at the sentencing hearing or raised in a motion to modify the

sentence imposed at that hearing”) (citations omitted).

      Appellant next asserts that “the [j]ury was prejudiced several times by

allegations of [Appellant’s] intoxication.” Appellant’s Pro Se Response at 1

(unnumbered). Appellant does not point to where in the record he lodged

any objection to the testimony about his alleged intoxication, thus also

waiving this claim for our review. See Commonwealth v. Molina, 33 A.3d
51, 55 (Pa. Super. 2011) (“[I]t is well-settled that a defendant’s failure to

                                      -8-
J-S72003-17

object to allegedly improper testimony at the appropriate stage in the

questioning of the witness constitutes waiver.”) (citation and internal

quotation marks omitted). In any event, testimony concerning Appellant’s

intoxication was clearly relevant to the charge of public intoxication,

although the trial court ultimately granted his motion for judgment of

acquittal for that offense.         Thus, Appellant’s contention that he was

prejudiced by the jury’s considering evidence pertaining to his intoxication is

frivolous for this reason, as well.

       Finally, Appellant argues that his testimony “was wrongly objected to

by the [Commonwealth].” Appellant’s Pro Se Response at 2 (unnumbered).

The only objection to Appellant’s testimony lodged by the Commonwealth

was made during the following portion of his direct-examination:

       [Appellant]: No way did I ever -- and the DA stated in her
       opening statement that I made a stance like this. No way. It’s
       like signing your -- a suicide note. I’m telling you. You’re giving
       them cart blanche to do whatever [they] want to you. I’ve been
       in these situations. I’ve been arrested before. I’m not an angel,
       you know, I’ll grant that. You know, I’ve never had a violent
       crime. I’ve never --

       [Commonwealth]: Objection, Your Honor.

N.T. Trial at 76. The Commonwealth then requested a sidebar, at which the

parties and the court discussed whether Appellant’s testimony had opened

the door to cross-examination regarding his prior convictions for offenses

such   as   “stalking,    fleeing   and   eluding,”   and   “multiple   harassment

offenses….”    Id.       Ultimately, the Commonwealth agreed not to cross-

examine Appellant regarding his prior convictions, as long as Appellant also

                                          -9-
J-S72003-17

did not offer any other testimony in this vein. Id. at 79. Defense counsel

agreed and, thus, the trial court never ruled on the Commonwealth’s

objection.   Instead, defense counsel resumed his direct-examination of

Appellant, prefacing his questioning by stating to Appellant that there

“obviously, [was] no reason to get into any prior incidents [that Appellant]

might have [had] with the law….” Id. at 81. The direct-examination then

proceeded to other topics, and there was no further mention of Appellant’s

prior convictions.

      In light of this record, it would be frivolous for Appellant to argue that

any error was committed by the trial court, or that he was prejudiced by the

Commonwealth’s       objection.    Appellant’s   Pro   Se    Response    at   2

(unnumbered).        Clearly, further testimony regarding Appellant’s prior

convictions would not have helped his defense. The Commonwealth timely

objected when Appellant, himself, opened the door to such evidence. The

parties discussed the issue at sidebar, and they ultimately agreed to

preclude any further mention of Appellant’s prior crimes, thus benefitting

Appellant.    Accordingly, Appellant’s challenge to this objection by the

Commonwealth is frivolous.

      In sum, we agree with Attorney Blasetti that Appellant’s challenge to

the sufficiency of the evidence is frivolous, as are the several issues

Appellant presents in his pro se response to counsel’s petition to withdraw.

Our independent review of the record reveals no other, non-frivolous issues

that Attorney Blasetti could assert on Appellant’s behalf.       Therefore, we

                                    - 10 -
J-S72003-17

affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s petition to

withdraw.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.        Petition to withdraw granted.

Jurisdiction relinquished.

      Judge Musmanno joins this memorandum.

      President Judge Emeritus Stevens concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/22/18

                                   - 11 -