Court Opinion

ID: 2679350
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-06-19 01:23:27.350575+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:11:49.186816
License: Public Domain

Illinois Official Reports

                                          Appellate Court

         Carrillo v. Park Ridge Firefighters’ Pension Fund, 2014 IL App (1st) 130656

Appellate Court              KAREN CARRILLO, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PARK RIDGE
Caption                      FIREFIGHTERS’ PENSION FUND and THE BOARD OF
                             TRUSTEES OF THE PARK RIDGE FIREFIGHTERS’ PENSION
                             FUND, Defendants-Appellees.

District & No.               First District, Fifth Division
                             Docket No. 1-13-0656

Rule 23 Order filed          December 20, 2013
Rule 23 Order
withdrawn                    February 5, 2014
Opinion filed                February 14, 2014

Held                         In proceedings on plaintiff’s application for a duty-related disability
(Note: This syllabus         based on degenerative arthritis of her left knee that prevented her from
constitutes no part of the   performing her duties as a firefighter/paramedic, the Firefighters’
opinion of the court but     Pension Board’s decision to deny her application and award her a
has been prepared by the     nonduty disability instead on the ground that her injury was due to her
Reporter of Decisions        preexisting knee condition was upheld by the appellate court, since
for the convenience of       she failed to prove that an on-duty incident either caused or aggravated
the reader.)                 her preexisting condition and the Board’s decision was not against the
                             manifest weight of the evidence.

Decision Under               Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 12-CH-21406; the
Review                       Hon. Neil Cohen, Judge, presiding.

Judgment                     Affirmed.
     Counsel on                Thomas W. Duda, of Law Offices of Thomas W. Duda, of Arlington
     Appeal                    Heights, for appellant.

                               Carolyn Welch Clifford and Ericka J. Thomas, both of Ottosen Britz
                               Kelly Cooper Gilbert & DiNolfo Ltd., of Naperville, for appellees.

     Panel                     JUSTICE TAYLOR delivered the judgment of the court, with
                               opinion.
                               Presiding Justice Gordon and Justice McBride concurred in the
                               judgment and opinion.

                                                OPINION

¶1         Plaintiff, former firefighter/paramedic Karen Carrillo, age 40, sought disability benefits
       from the Board of Trustees of the Park Ridge Firefighters’ Pension Fund (Board), based on
       degenerative arthritis of the left knee that rendered her unable to work. After holding a
       hearing on Carrillo’s disability application, the Board concluded that Carrillo’s injuries were
       due to a preexisting knee condition rather than any acts of duty. Accordingly, instead of
       awarding her duty-related disability, which would entitle her to a pension of 65% of her
       salary, the Board awarded her nonduty disability, which entitled her to a pension of only
       50%. On administrative review, the circuit court upheld the Board’s decision. Carrillo now
       appeals, contending that she is entitled to line-of-duty disability benefits. For the reasons that
       follow, we affirm.

¶2                                           I. BACKGROUND
¶3         On May 18, 2011, Carrillo filed her disability pension application with the Board. She
       sought a line-of-duty pension pursuant to section 4-110 of the Illinois Pension Code (40
       ILCS 5/4-110 (West 2012)), which provides that if a firefighter is permanently disabled as a
       result of injury “resulting from the performance of an act of duty or from the cumulative
       effects of acts of duty,” the firefighter shall be entitled to a disability pension equal to 65% of
       the salary attached to her rank on the date she is removed from the payroll. In the alternative,
       Carrillo sought a nonduty pension under Pension Code section 4-111 (40 ILCS 5/4-111
       (West 2012)), which provides that the pension for a firefighter whose disability does not
       result from the performance of an act of duty shall be equal to 50% of her salary.
¶4         The Board held a hearing on Carrillo’s disability application on March 12, 2012. Carrillo
       was the sole witness testifying at the hearing. Carrillo testified that she was hired by the city
       of Park Ridge as a firefighter/paramedic on February 14, 2000, and she continued working in
                                                    -2-
     that capacity until May 2011, when she went off duty due to severe pain in her left knee. She
     stated that her treating physician, orthopedic surgeon Dr. David Mochel, had told her that she
     would need a total knee replacement.
¶5        Carrillo testified that prior to her employment with Park Ridge, she had undergone two
     arthroscopic surgeries to her left knee. The first surgery occurred in 1988, when she was 17,
     for a tear to her medial meniscus that she sustained while playing varsity basketball in high
     school. The second surgery occurred when she was 21, during her first intramural basketball
     season in college, for an injury to the medial compartment of her left knee. Both surgeries
     were due to pain that “started creeping up,” rather than any distinct incident. Carrillo further
     testified that from 1996 until early 2000, she worked as an emergency medical technician and
     paramedic for Superior Ambulance. During that time, she did not experience any problems or
     require any treatment for her left knee.
¶6        As noted, Carrillo began her employment with Park Ridge as a firefighter/paramedic on
     February 14, 2000. She testified that she passed the Park Ridge preemployment physical with
     no reservations as to her health. She then described her job duties as a firefighter/paramedic.
     In her capacity as a firefighter, on a regular basis, she would have to put on fire protection
     gear and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) that weighed approximately 65
     pounds. She would also have to advance a hose by herself or with another firefighter; when
     filled with water it could weigh over 100 pounds. She would frequently need to breach doors,
     walls, or ceilings from a crawling or a standing position. If she needed to go to the roof, she
     would carry a ladder weighing 50 to 80 pounds, plus a roof ladder weighing 20 pounds. As
     for her paramedic duties, she would have to carry various kinds of equipment, such as
     cardiac monitors weighing 20 pounds or bags weighing 30 pounds. She would also work
     with a partner to carry patients on cots, sometimes up and down stairs, and transfer them
     from cots to ambulance beds.
¶7        Carrillo then testified about the events occurring during her employment with Park Ridge
     that she alleged led to her current disability. She stated that in January 2002, while she was
     performing her paramedic duties, she stepped out of an ambulance and felt “a lot of pain” in
     her left knee. She subsequently received medical care from orthopedic specialist Dr. Matthew
     Gimre and Dr. Mochel. Right after the injury, she missed a couple of days of work, but after
     that, she continued working as a firefighter/paramedic. On October 15, 2002, she had
     arthroscopic surgery performed on her left knee by Dr. Asselmeier, a physician within her
     HMO group. The surgery caused Carrillo to miss two or three months of work before
     returning to work in December or January. The pain in her knee prevented her from doing
     long distance running or full court basketball, but she was still able to perform her duties as a
     firefighter/paramedic.
¶8        Carrillo stated that a second injury incident happened in July 2005, when she was helping
     to lift a patient’s cot into the back of an ambulance. She stated that the patient’s caretaker
     stepped up to enter the ambulance, and the rear step of the ambulance “was slammed down
     onto [her] left knee,” causing her severe pain. Carrillo filled out an injury report for the
     incident but did not seek medical attention.

                                                 -3-
¶9         Carrillo filed a third injury report on March 26, 2006. On that day, she was carrying a
       patient on a stretcher. The patient weighed approximately 200 pounds. Carrillo was at the
       foot of the stretcher, walking backwards. When trying to ascend a flight of four or five steps,
       Carrillo twisted her knee and was unable to complete the lift due to pain. She stated that she
       was not able to finish her shift. Instead, she obtained medical treatment and stayed off duty
       for several shifts afterwards.
¶ 10       After that incident, Carrillo testified that she returned to work as a firefighter/paramedic
       until May 2011. She stated that from January to May of 2011, she started having increasing
       pain in her left knee. In May 2011, she was sent to deal with a garage fire. The ambulance
       was parked approximately half a block away from the fire scene, and when Carrillo put on
       her fire protection gear and SCBA, she had difficulty walking the half-block to the fire. She
       was also unable to kneel on her left knee so that she could crawl into the garage to advance
       the hose. “And at that time,” she said, “I felt that I not only was hurting myself but I was
       going to hurt somebody else also.” She stated that she did not experience any specific injury
       on that date; rather, that was the point where her ongoing symptoms became intolerable.
¶ 11       Carrillo stated that she was examined by a doctor and obtained a light-duty slip. Initially
       she did not give the slip to the city, but continued working as normal, because she felt that
       her knee might get better. Eventually she gave the light-duty slip to her chief on May 17,
       2011. She requested light duty, but she was told there was no light duty available. She stated
       that she had been off work with no benefits since that day.
¶ 12       In addition to hearing Carrillo’s testimony, the Board also considered reports from
       various doctors about the cause of Carrillo’s condition. The first such report was from Dr.
       Brian Cole, a board-certified orthopedic surgeon who provided an independent medical
       examination (IME) of Carrillo after the 2002 incident. In his report, Dr. Cole stated:
               “It is my opinion that she has a significant preexistent problem with a low-level
               mechanism of injury that has aggravated this preexistent problem. I described to her
               that this could have happened in the workplace and outside the workplace. But given
               it happened in the workplace, it appears at this point to be within the realm of a
               work-related injury. I did tell her that her knee is a relative time bomb in that the
               absence of the meniscus in a relatively young, active woman, there is a greater than
               50 percent chance that at some time she would go on to develop problems. *** One
               hundred percent of the pathology present in her knee at this time, in my opinion, is
               and should be considered due to her preexisting problem.”
       He explained that the incident that caused Carrillo’s injury, stepping down from the
       ambulance, was “relatively innocuous low-level trauma” that potentially could have occurred
       either at work or while performing activities of daily living. “[B]asically,” he said, “it is a
       timing issue that she stepped while at work when the onset of pain began.” He further stated
       that, because of her preexisting condition, “this is not in my opinion a hard and fast
       work-related injury.”
¶ 13       The Board also considered reports from three additional doctors–Dr. Mark Hutchinson,
       Dr. Daniel Samo, and Dr. Pietro Tonino–who performed IMEs of Carrillo pursuant to section

                                                  -4-
       4-112 of the Pension Code (40 ILCS 5/4-112 (West 2012)). All three doctors certified that
       Carrillo was permanently disabled.
¶ 14       In his report, Dr. Hutchinson, a specialist in orthopedic surgery, concluded that Carrillo’s
       long-term disability, while possibly exacerbated temporarily by the 2002 incident, was more
       likely related to her preexisting condition. Based on his examination of Carrillo and a review
       of her medical records and history, he opined:
               “This disability is based on her severe degenerative arthritis that began long before
               the incident in question in 2002. I would agree with Dr. Brian Cole who provided the
               previous IME in which he felt the knee was a time-bomb waiting to happen. It is
               more likely true than not that Ms. Carrillo would have had progressive pain and
               dysfunction in her knee regardless the accident in question. ***
                    Based on my review of the medical records including arthroscopy report after the
               injury in question, I believe that the accident in question could have exacerbated the
               underlying degenerative knee. In the absence of pre and post imaging or arthroscopy,
               it is not possible to conclude with certainty whether the arthroscopic findings
               including complex degenerative meniscus tear were aggravated by the event or was
               already present at the time of the event. I am convinced that the ultimate outcome for
               Ms. Carrillo is unrelated to the event as she was more likely to progress to
               symptomatic degenerative arthritis regardless the event in question.”
¶ 15       The second physician, Dr. Samo, who specializes in occupational health, stated in his
       report that it was not medically possible that Carrillo’s disability was caused by an act of
       duty or the cumulative effects of acts of duty.
               “I believe that she had severe medial compartment arthritis at the time of her injury
               1/20/02. This incident didn’t [sic] cause a temporary aggravation of her condition, but
               it seems that she returned to her baseline thereafter. She has been having continuing
               degeneration of the medial compartment of her left knee. This is the natural history of
               this problem. It is due to the multiple surgeries which she had as a teenager.”
¶ 16       The third physician, orthopedic surgeon Dr. Tonino, opined within a reasonable degree of
       medical certainty that the condition of Carrillo’s left knee was “caused or aggravated” by the
       2002 incident, “based on the fact that she was seen immediately after the injury because of an
       acute knee injury at that point.”
¶ 17       Finally, the Board considered office progress notes from Dr. Gimre and Dr. Mochel, both
       of whom treated Carrillo following the 2002 incident. In his notes on Carrillo’s office visit on
       January 24, 2002, Dr. Gimre stated that Carrillo was experiencing “[l]eft knee pain, likely
       secondary to exacerbation of the medial meniscus.” He saw Carrillo again on February 15,
       2002, after which he stated that Carrillo had “[l]eft knee pain status post recent injury that
       likely involved exacerbation of the medial meniscus tear, improving.” Subsequently, Dr.
       Mochel examined Carrillo on May 3, 2002, and he wrote the following in his progress notes:
       “Karen is here today for evaluation of her left knee. She saw Dr. Gimre in January of this
       year for a work related injury. *** I think that Karen has exacerbated her underlying arthritis
       with her injury.”

                                                  -5-
¶ 18       Upon consideration of this evidence, the Board issued an order concluding that Carrillo
       was permanently disabled, but no on-duty incidents during Carrillo’s career had been shown
       to have caused, or to have been a contributing causative factor to, her disability. It stated that
       Carrillo suffered from degenerative arthritis of the medial compartment of her left knee,
       which was related to her history of injuries and associated surgeries during her high school
       and college basketball career. It further stated that this degenerative arthritis was the ultimate
       cause of Carrillo’s disability, and Carrillo had failed to prove that this degenerative arthritis
       was caused or aggravated by job-related trauma. It issued a specific finding that the three
       on-duty incidents described in Carrillo’s testimony did not aggravate the condition of her
       knee, explaining:
               “The Plaintiff recovered from each incident, returned to full, unrestricted duty, and
               was able to perform her duties as a firefighter/paramedic for the Park Ridge Fire
               Department. The Plaintiff submitted no evidence that her knee condition, or any other
               injuries, required her to miss work in 2007, 2008, 2009 or 2010.”
       The Board therefore granted Carrillo a nonduty pension.
¶ 19       On June 8, 2012, Carrillo filed a complaint for administrative review of the Board’s
       decision in the circuit court, contending that the Board erred in not finding her eligible for a
       line-of-duty pension. The circuit court upheld the Board’s decision. Carrillo now appeals,
       contending, as she did before the court below, that her disability is the result of acts of duty
       and she is therefore entitled to a 65% line-of-duty pension under section 4-110 of the Pension
       Code (40 ILCS 5/4-110 (West 2012)).

¶ 20                                          II. ANALYSIS
¶ 21        The Pension Code provides that judicial review of pension board decisions is governed
       under the terms of the Administrative Review Law (735 ILCS 5/3-101 et seq. (West 2012)).
       40 ILCS 5/3-148 (West 2012). Under the Administrative Review Law, we may not consider
       new or additional evidence beyond what was originally presented to the Board, and the
       “findings and conclusions of the administrative agency on questions of fact shall be held to
       be prima facie true and correct.” 735 ILCS 5/3-110 (West 2012). Accordingly, we defer to
       the Board on questions of fact unless its findings are against the manifest weight of the
       evidence, meaning that the opposite conclusion is clearly evident. Wade v. City of North
       Chicago Police Pension Board, 226 Ill. 2d 485, 504 (2007) (citing Marconi v. Chicago
       Heights Police Pension Board, 225 Ill. 2d 497, 532 (2006)); Jones v. Board of Trustees of the
       Police Pension Fund, 384 Ill. App. 3d 1064, 1067 (2008). If the record contains evidence that
       supports the Board’s factual conclusions, then we shall not disrupt those conclusions, even if
       an opposite conclusion is reasonable. Robbins v. Board of Trustees of the Carbondale Police
       Pension Fund, 177 Ill. 2d 533, 538 (1997). Where there is a mixed question of law and fact,
       we defer unless the Board’s ruling is clearly erroneous. AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v.
       Department of Employment Security, 198 Ill. 2d 380, 392 (2001) (citing City of Belvidere v.
       Illinois State Labor Relations Board, 181 Ill. 2d 191, 205 (1998)); Wade, 226 Ill. 2d at 505
       (citing Marconi, 225 Ill. 2d at 532); Jones, 384 Ill. App. 3d at 1067. This is a less deferential
       standard than the manifest weight of the evidence standard, yet still “significantly
                                                   -6-
       deferential”: we will find the Board’s decision “clearly erroneous” only where we are “ ‘left
       with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.’ ” AFM Messenger
       Service, 198 Ill. 2d at 395 (quoting United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364,
       395 (1948)). Regardless of the standard of review, plaintiff bears the burden of proof and will
       be denied relief if she fails to meet that burden. Wade, 226 Ill. 2d at 505 (citing Marconi, 225
Ill. 2d at 532-33).
¶ 22        The parties disagree as to the standard of review to be applied in this case. Carrillo argues
       that the clearly erroneous standard is proper, while the Board argues that the manifest weight
       of the evidence standard is proper, such that we defer to its findings unless an opposite
       conclusion is clearly evident (Wade, 226 Ill. 2d at 504-05). We agree with the Board. Where,
       as here, the sole issue is whether a work-related incident is a cause of a claimant’s disability,
       this is a purely factual determination which we review under the manifest weight of the
       evidence standard. See, e.g., id. at 505; Marconi, 225 Ill. 2d at 543. However, we note at this
       juncture that our decision in this case would be the same even under the clearly erroneous
       standard.
¶ 23        It is well established that in order to obtain a line-of-duty pension, “[a] claimant need not
       prove that a duty-related accident is the sole cause, or even the primary cause, of his
       disability.” Luchesi v. Retirement Board of the Firemen’s Annuity & Benefit Fund, 333 Ill.
       App. 3d 543, 550 (2002) (citing Barber v. Board of Trustees of the Village of South
       Barrington Police Pension Fund, 256 Ill. App. 3d 814, 818 (1993) (“There is no requirement
       that the duty-related incident be the originating or primary cause of the injury, although a
       sufficient nexus between the injury and the performance of the duty must exist.”)). Rather,
       the claimant only needs to prove “that the duty-related accident is a causative factor
       contributing to the claimant’s disability.” Luchesi, 333 Ill. App. 3d at 550. In particular, a
       line-of-duty pension may be based upon the duty-related aggravation of a claimant’s
       preexisting physical condition. Wade, 226 Ill. 2d at 505; see also Rose v. Board of Trustees of
       the Mount Prospect Police Pension Fund, 2011 IL App (1st) 102157, ¶ 92; Sisbro, Inc. v.
       Industrial Comm’n, 207 Ill. 2d 193, 205 (2003) (“even though an employee has a preexisting
       condition which may make him more vulnerable to injury, recovery for an accidental injury
       will not be denied as long as it can be shown that the employment was also a causative
       factor”).
¶ 24        Carrillo argues that the Board’s finding that no on-duty incidents during her career either
       caused or were a contributing causative factor to her disability is against the manifest weight
       of the evidence. Based upon our review of the record, including the transcript of the hearing
       before the Board and the various medical reports submitted in this case, we disagree. We find
       that there was sufficient evidence in the record to support the Board’s conclusion. See
       Abrahamson v. Illinois Department of Professional Regulation, 153 Ill. 2d 76, 88 (1992)
       (under the manifest weight of the evidence standard, “[i]f the record contains evidence to
       support the agency’s decision, it should be affirmed”).
¶ 25        We begin by considering the events that occurred prior to Carrillo’s disability. The
       parties agree that Carrillo had a preexisting physical condition that contributed to her
       disability, namely, degenerative arthritis of the left knee. Carrillo, however, argues that this
                                                   -7-
       preexisting condition was aggravated by on-duty incidents that occurred in 2002, 2005, and
       2006. To recap briefly, the first incident, in 2002, occurred when Carrillo stepped out of an
       ambulance and felt pain in her left knee. Carrillo had knee surgery later that year and was
       absent from work for two or three months afterwards. However, she then returned to work
       with no restrictions on her firefighter/paramedic duties. She reported no further difficulties
       until the second incident, in 2005, when she was loading a patient into an ambulance and the
       rear step of the ambulance was slammed down onto her left knee. She filled out an injury
       report but did not seek medical attention or miss any time from work. Finally, the third
       incident occurred in 2006, when Carrillo twisted her knee while carrying a patient backwards
       on a stretcher. She obtained medical treatment and stayed off duty for the next few shifts, but
       then once more returned to work as a firefighter/paramedic without restriction. It was not
       until nearly five years after this incident, in January 2011, that Carrillo started experiencing
       increasing pain in her left knee that eventually rendered her unable to perform her duties.
¶ 26       In light of this history, the Board found that Carrillo failed to prove that the on-duty
       incidents were “a causative factor” (Luchesi, 333 Ill. App. 3d at 550) leading to her
       disability. Nor do we find this factual determination to be incompatible with the record. As
       noted by the Board in its decision, Carrillo recovered from each of these incidents and
       returned to full, unrestricted duty as a firefighter/paramedic. Indeed, she was able to work for
       nearly five years after the last of these incidents with no apparent problems in performing her
       duties, until she began to spontaneously experience difficulties with her left knee in January
       2011.
¶ 27       Carrillo argues that, if the causal link between her 2011 disability and her on-duty
       incidents is tenuous, then the link between her disability and her preexisting condition is even
       more tenuous, since her surgeries for that preexisting condition occurred much longer ago, in
       1988 and 1991. This argument implicitly misstates the burden of proof. The Board did not
       have the burden of proof to establish that Carrillo’s preexisting condition was the sole cause
       of her disability. Rather, Carrillo, as the claimant, had the burden of proof to establish that
       there was a causal connection between an act or acts of duty and her disability. Wade, 226 Ill.
2d at 505; Marconi, 225 Ill. 2d at 532-33. She was required to prove that an on-duty incident
       either caused or aggravated her preexisting condition and cannot say that there was not
       sufficient evidence for the Board to make a finding that an on-duty incident did not cause or
       aggravate her preexisting condition resulting in her disability. In other words, we cannot say
       that the Board’s decision was against the manifest weight of the evidence.
¶ 28       Carrillo next urges that the facts of the present case are similar to those in Sisbro, 207 Ill.
2d at 207, where our supreme court upheld a decision to grant disability benefits to an
       employee under the Workers’ Compensation Act (820 ILCS 305/1 et seq. (West 2000)).
       Because the Pension Code was enacted to provide police officers and firefighters with
       benefits similar to those provided to employees under the Workers’ Compensation Act, the
       standards developed under that act are applicable in pension cases. Kellan v. Board of
       Trustees of the Firemen’s Pension Fund, 194 Ill. App. 3d 573, 581-82 (1990) (citing
       O’Donnell v. City of Chicago, 126 Ill. App. 3d 548, 552 (1984)).

                                                    -8-
¶ 29       The Sisbro claimant was a delivery truck driver with diabetes. Sisbro, 207 Ill. 2d at 197.
       On March 26, 1998, he twisted his right ankle when he stepped down out of his truck and
       into a pothole. Id. at 197-98. He felt pain and observed swelling in his ankle. Id. at 198. Over
       the next few weeks, his ankle swelled repeatedly and the swelling would not resolve. Based
       upon tests taken by his podiatrist on April 24, 1998, he was diagnosed with a condition
       known as Charcot osteoarthropathy. He then sought disability benefits. At the hearing on his
       claim, one doctor opined that his condition was due to his preexisting diabetes rather than
       any work-related incident; a second doctor opined that the March 26 incident was a
       contributing factor. Id. at 199-200. The Industrial Commission found the second doctor to be
       more credible and awarded disability benefits to the claimant. Id. at 200. The Sisbro court
       found that this determination was not against the manifest weight of the evidence, stating: “It
       is true that [the employer] presented conflicting expert testimony, but it was within the
       province of the Commission to judge the credibility of the witnesses, to draw reasonable
       inferences from their testimony, and to resolve any conflict in claimant’s favor.” Id. at 207.
¶ 30       Sisbro is distinguishable from the present case because the Sisbro claimant was able to
       draw a direct causative line from his work-related accident to his diagnosis of Charcot
       osteoarthropathy approximately one month later. The chain of causation is significantly more
       tenuous in the instant case. As noted, Carrillo was able to return to work after each of the
       three on-duty incidents where she experienced issues with her knee, and she was able to work
       without incident for nearly five years after the last of the three incidents. Even more
       importantly, in Sisbro, the court was reviewing the Commission’s decision to grant benefits,
       not to deny them, and it treated the Commission’s factual determinations with considerable
       deference pursuant to the manifest weight of the evidence standard. Id. We must grant similar
       deference to the Board’s factual determinations in the present case, particularly with regard
       to the conflicting medical evidence presented to the Board on the cause of Carrillo’s
       disability.
¶ 31       We turn now to examine that medical evidence. The Board considered reports or office
       progress notes from six doctors. Of those six, two of them (Dr. Samo and Dr. Hutchinson)
       opined that the on-duty incidents complained of by Carrillo did not aggravate her preexisting
       knee problems which caused her disability. Dr. Samo stated unequivocally that it was not
       possible that Carrillo’s disability was caused by an act of duty or the cumulative effects of
       acts of duty. He explained that Carrillo already had severe medial compartment arthritis at
       the time of the first incident, in 2002. “This incident didn’t [sic] cause a temporary
       aggravation of her condition,” he said, “but it seems that she returned to her baseline
       thereafter.” Dr. Hutchinson, meanwhile, stated that while Carrillo’s knee condition might
       have been temporarily exacerbated by the 2002 incident, it was more likely a result of her
       preexisting condition. He concluded that “I am convinced that the ultimate outcome for Ms.
       Carrillo is unrelated to the [2002] event.” He did, however, admit that it was not possible to
       conclude with certainty whether the 2002 event caused any aggravation in the absence of
       pre-and postimaging and arthroscopy. The remaining four doctors (Dr. Cole, Dr. Tonino, Dr.
       Gimre, and Dr. Mochel) opined that Carrillo’s degenerative knee condition was aggravated
       or exacerbated by the 2002 incident.
                                                  -9-
¶ 32       Carrillo goes to great lengths in her brief to construe Dr. Hutchinson’s report as being
       favorable to her, or, in the alternative, convince us that it should be accorded little weight.
       She first argues that Dr. Hutchinson “expressly agreed with and virtually adopted the opinion
       of” Dr. Cole, who opined that the 2002 incident aggravated Carrillo’s preexisting knee
       condition. This is a misstatement of the record. Dr. Hutchinson’s statement regarding Dr.
       Cole is as follows: “I would agree with Dr. Brian Cole who provided the previous IME in
       which he felt the knee was a time-bomb waiting to happen. It is more likely true than not that
       Ms. Carrillo would have had progressive pain and dysfunction in her knee regardless the
       accident in question.” Thus, in context, it is apparent that Dr. Hutchinson is not adopting Dr.
       Cole’s opinions wholesale, but merely that portion of his report in which he refers to
       Carrillo’s left knee as a “time bomb.” 1
¶ 33       Carrillo next argues that, to the extent that Dr. Hutchinson’s report is not favorable to her,
       it was based on mere speculation and conjecture and should therefore be disregarded. She
       bases this argument upon Dr. Hutchinson’s statement that it is not possible to conclude with
       certainty whether the 2002 event aggravated her arthritis. However, Dr. Hutchinson made
       clear elsewhere in his report that, even if he could not speak with absolute certainty, it was
       his medical opinion that Carrillo’s disability was “more likely” caused by her preexisting
       condition. It was permissible for Dr. Hutchinson to express his opinion in terms of
       probability instead of absolute certainty. See Village of Oak Park v. Village of Oak Park
       Firefighters Pension Board, 362 Ill. App. 3d 357, 372 (2005) (citing McKenzie v. SK Hand
       Tool Corp., 272 Ill. App. 3d 1, 8-10 (1995) (it is reversible error to exclude a medical opinion
       stated in terms of probability or possibility as incompetent evidence)).
¶ 34       Thus, it is apparent that the medical evidence in this case was divided on the issue of
       causation, and the Board chose to believe the opinions of Dr. Samo and Dr. Hutchinson
       rather than the opinions of the remaining four doctors. We cannot say that this conclusion
       was against the manifest weight of the evidence. In this regard, we are guided by Marconi,
225 Ill. 2d at 543, in which the court upheld the Board’s decision to deny plaintiff a disability
       pension. In that case, three doctors opined that plaintiff was disabled, while a single doctor
       opined that he was not. Id. at 504-21. The Board chose to believe that fourth doctor, stating
       that he gave the “ ‘most credible and persuasive evaluation’ ” of the plaintiff. Id. at 541.
       Although the Board’s decision to deny benefits reflected the minority viewpoint among the
       doctors who evaluated the plaintiff, the Marconi court stated: “[T]he Board’s decision to
       deny plaintiff a disability pension was not against the manifest weight of the evidence. The
       record contains sufficient evidence to support the Board’s decision, and we cannot say that it
       is clearly evident that the Board should have reached the opposite conclusion ***.” Id. at
       543; see also Village of Oak Park, 362 Ill. App. 3d at 373 (affirming pension board decision
       although the evidence in favor of their decision “may not be overwhelming,” since their

           1
            We note parenthetically that even if Carrillo’s knee were a “time bomb,” in that her preexisting
       condition rendered it unusually susceptible to minor trauma, she would still be entitled to recovery if
       her employment was a causative factor in her disability. See Sisbro, 207 Ill. 2d at 204. However, as
       noted, the Board explicitly found that it was not.
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       decision was supported by competent evidence and reasonable inferences that could be
       drawn therefrom). Similarly, in the present case, the record contains sufficient evidence to
       support the Board’s conclusion that no act of duty was a contributing causative factor to
       plaintiff’s disability.
¶ 35       Notwithstanding the foregoing, Carrillo argues that the instant case is analogous to Wade,
       226 Ill. 2d at 507-08, Rose, 2011 IL App (1st) 102157, ¶ 97, and Kouzoukas v. Retirement
       Board of the Policemen’s Annuity & Benefit Fund, 234 Ill. 2d 446 (2009), in which the court
       found that the Board’s decision to deny the plaintiff a line-of-duty pension was against the
       manifest weight of the evidence. For the reasons that follow, we find these cases to be
       distinguishable.
¶ 36       The facts of Wade are as follows. In April 2002, plaintiff, a police officer, fell down a hill
       while escorting a prisoner. Wade, 226 Ill. 2d at 491. He experienced pain and swelling in his
       right knee, and an MRI revealed two tears in the knee. He had surgery in May 2002 and was
       not thereafter able to return to full duty as a patrolman. He acknowledged that he had
       preexisting problems with his right knee, including a 1989 football-related injury and surgery
       in 1997 following a baseball-related injury. Id. at 492-93. X-rays taken in 1992 revealed
       “ ‘scant early degenerative changes’ ” in plaintiff’s knees. Id. at 493.
¶ 37       Four doctors (Dr. Pavlatos, Dr. Levin, Dr. Dwyer, and Dr. Reger) found the Wade
       plaintiff to be disabled. Id. at 496-99. Dr. Pavlatos stated that plaintiff’s condition “ ‘could
       [have] been aggravated’ ” by the 2002 work incident. Id. at 496. Drs. Levin, Dwyer and
       Reger all affirmatively stated that plaintiff’s condition was either caused or aggravated by the
       work incident. Id. at 498-99. A fifth doctor, Dr. James Milgram, was the sole dissenter,
       finding that plaintiff was not disabled and that the tears in his knee were due to a preexisting
       condition. Id. at 501. However, in his report, Dr. Milgram made multiple misstatements of
       the evidence which showed that he either “selectively disregarded, failed to recall, or never
       reviewed portions of plaintiff’s medical records.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. at
       506. The Wade court found that Dr. Milgram “was not credible, because his conclusions were
       inconsistent with the facts available to him” and therefore the Board erred in relying solely
       upon his opinion to deny plaintiff a line-of-duty disability pension. (Internal quotation marks
       omitted.) Id. at 507-08.
¶ 38       Wade is distinguishable from the present case in two key aspects. In Wade, the Board
       rested its decision upon the testimony of a single doctor whose credibility was highly
       questionable. By contrast, in the present case, both Dr. Samo and Dr. Hutchinson opined that
       Carrillo’s disability was not related to any work-related incident or incidents. Moreover,
       Carrillo presents no reason to question the credibility of Dr. Samo and Dr. Hutchinson. There
       is no indication in the record that their conclusions are inconsistent with the facts available to
       them, unlike the opinions of Dr. Milgram that had no credible medical basis. In the absence
       of any such indicia of unreliability, the Board was entitled to believe the opinions of Dr.
       Samo and Dr. Hutchinson instead of the doctors whose reports were favorable to Carrillo.
       See Sisbro, 207 Ill. 2d at 207 (where parties presented conflicting expert testimony on
       causation, it was within the province of the Commission to judge the credibility of the

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       witnesses and to resolve any conflicts in their testimony); Marconi, 225 Ill. 2d at 543; Village
       of Oak Park, 362 Ill. App. 3d at 371.
¶ 39       The facts of Rose are similar to those in Wade, and thus similarly distinguishable from the
       present case. On February 1, 2004, the Rose plaintiff, a police officer, was injured in an
       automobile accident while on patrol. Rose, 2011 IL App (1st) 102157, ¶ 1. Subsequently, on
       June 1, 2004, plaintiff was involved in a separate and undisputably off-duty automobile
       accident. Following this second accident, plaintiff suffered extreme back pain that eventually
       caused him to leave the police department. Id. ¶¶ 27-33. The Board denied him a line-of-duty
       disability pension, finding that he had fully recovered from his initial on-duty February 2004
       accident before he incurred injuries in the off-duty June 2004 accident. Id. ¶ 97. The Rose
       court found this to be against the manifest weight of the evidence. The court stated that eight
       out of nine physicians who offered opinions as to the cause of the petitioner’s disability
       concluded that the February 2004 accident contributed to the plaintiff’s disability. Id. ¶ 98.
       The ninth physician, Dr. Gleason, never conducted a physical exam of the plaintiff, and the
       facts as stated in his report were directly contradicted by the notes of the petitioner’s family
       physician. Id. ¶ 105. Aside from Dr. Gleason’s report, there was no evidence in the record to
       support the denial of line-of-duty disability benefits. Id. ¶ 98. These facts are markedly
       different from the present case, where the Board relied on reports from two different doctors
       who each personally examined the plaintiff and whose credibility was not impeached.
¶ 40       Finally, the case of Kouzoukas, 234 Ill. 2d 446, is even more dissimilar to the instant case
       than Wade and Rose. The Kouzoukas plaintiff, a police officer, injured her back while on
       patrol when she attempted to move an intoxicated man off the sidewalk. Id. at 448. The
       Board denied her subsequent application for disability benefits, finding that she was not
       disabled and that she had not shown a causal connection between her injury and the patrol
       incident. Id. at 462. The Kouzoukas court found both of these determinations to be against the
       manifest weight of the evidence, explaining: “From the outset, every medical professional
       who examined Kouzoukas found that she suffered pain as a result of a lower back strain that
       occurred on July 25, 2004, and that the pain, in turn, prevented her from returning to work as
       a full duty police officer.” (Emphasis added.) Id. at 467. Kouzoukas is strikingly dissimilar to
       the instant case, where the medical testimony is not unanimous as to the cause of the
       claimant’s disability, and, in fact, the Board’s decision is supported by the reports of two
       independent medical examiners.
¶ 41       Therefore, for the foregoing reasons, we find that the Board’s decision to deny Carrillo a
       line-of-duty disability pension and instead grant her a nonduty pension was not against the
       manifest weight of the evidence. The decision of the Board and the judgment of the circuit
       court is affirmed.

¶ 42      Affirmed.

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