Court Opinion

ID: 2977446
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-22 18:08:36.581724+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:02:23.000963
License: Public Domain

RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                          Pursuant to Sixth Circuit Rule 206
                                 File Name: 09a0045p.06

              UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
                               _________________

                                             X
                                              -
 In re: RALPH WENDELL SWEGAN,
                                              -
                                Debtor.
 _____________________________________        -
                                              -
                                                  No. 08-3511

                                              ,
                                               >
                                 Appellee, -
 BUCKEYE RETIREMENT CO.,

                                              -
                                              -
                                              -
          v.
                                              -
                                              -
                                Appellant. -
 RALPH WENDELL SWEGAN,
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                                             N
               On Appeal from the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
                            of the Sixth Circuit.
                No. 03-45698—Kay Woods, Bankruptcy Judge.
                              Argued: January 15, 2009
                        Decided and Filed: February 10, 2009
              Before: MERRITT, ROGERS, and WHITE, Circuit Judges.

                                 _________________

                                      COUNSEL
ARGUED: Michael D. Buzulencia, LAW OFFICES OF MICHAEL D. BUZULENCIA,
Warren, Ohio, for Appellant. Scott D. Fink, WELTMAN, WEINBERG & REIS, Cleveland,
Ohio, for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Michael D. Buzulencia, LAW OFFICES OF MICHAEL
D. BUZULENCIA, Warren, Ohio, for Appellant. Scott D. Fink, WELTMAN, WEINBERG
& REIS, Cleveland, Ohio, for Appellee.
                                 _________________

                                      OPINION
                                 _________________

       ROGERS, Circuit Judge. In this case, the bankruptcy court granted debtor Ralph
Swegan’s summary judgment motion to discharge his debt to appellee Buckeye Retirement
Co. The Bankruptcy Appellate Panel (BAP) for the Sixth Circuit reversed and remanded for

                                           1
No. 08-3511                In re Swegan                                               Page 2

trial. Swegan seeks review of the BAP’s decision. Because this court lacks appellate
jurisdiction, the appeal is dismissed.

        Swegan was the sole owner of Steelcraft, Inc. Second National Bank issued a
business loan to Steelcraft, which Swegan personally guaranteed. Steelcraft defaulted on the
loan and after Swegan failed to make the payments, Second National Bank obtained a
judgment against Swegan for $436,107.84. Second National Bank assigned the judgment
to Buckeye.

        Buckeye initiated state proceedings to collect the judgment. Buckeye obtained an
order for a debtor’s examination, which occurred on May 20, 2003. At the examination,
Buckeye’s attorney asked Swegan many questions, including: (1) “Did you receive the
proceeds of [your late wife’s] life insurance policy?” and (2) “[Do you] have any life
insurance policies on your own life at this time?” Swegan answered both in the negative.

        On November 4, 2003, Swegan filed a petition for relief under chapter 13 of the
Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Ohio. Swegan
later filed his schedules and statement of affairs, which Buckeye contends contradicted his
testimony in the debtor examination. First, Swegan was receiving the proceeds of his late
wife’s life insurance policy in the form of an annuity. Second, Swegan held a separate
insurance policy on his own life.

        Swegan moved the bankruptcy court to discharge his debt to Buckeye. Buckeye
moved the bankruptcy court to deny discharge under 11 U.S.C. § 727(a), on the ground that
Swegan’s testimony at the debtor examination constituted “concealment” of property, done
with the intent to hinder Buckeye’s recovery. On February 6, 2007, the bankruptcy court
granted summary judgment in favor of Swegan, finding that he was entitled to discharge
because he had not intentionally concealed property within the meaning of the statute. The
bankruptcy court reasoned that “concealment” under the statute required “more than mere
lack of full disclosure,” but also “a debtor’s retention of some interest after divestiture of
legal ownership.” In re Swegan, 09-45698, slip op. at 12 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio Feb. 6, 2007).
Under this standard, Swegan’s failure to answer the questions correctly did not amount to
“concealment.” Id. The bankruptcy court also determined that Buckeye had otherwise
No. 08-3511                In re Swegan                                                Page 3

presented only circumstantial evidence regarding Swegan’s intent to hinder and such
evidence was not enough to warrant the denial of discharge. Id. at 17.

        On appeal, the BAP disagreed with the bankruptcy court’s restrictive application of
“concealment” within the context of 11 U.S.C. § 727(a)(2)(A) and determined that a genuine
issue of material fact existed as to whether Swegan had the requisite intent to “hinder, delay,
or defraud” Buckeye in its collection efforts. In re Swegan, 383 B.R. 646, 655, 658-59
(B.A.P. 6th Cir. 2008). The BAP accordingly reversed the order granting Swegan summary
judgment and remanded the adversary proceeding for trial. Id. at 659. Swegan now appeals.

        There is no appellate jurisdiction to review the BAP’s reversal of summary
judgment, because the BAP’s decision is not a final judgment. This court has jurisdiction
over “appeals from all final decisions, judgments, orders, and decrees” from the district court
or the BAP. 28 U.S.C. § 158(d)(1). “[A] decision by the district court on appeal remanding
the bankruptcy court’s decision for further proceedings in the bankruptcy court is not final,
and so is not appealable to this court, unless the further proceedings contemplated are of a
purely ministerial character.” Settembre v. Fid. & Guar. Life Ins. Co., 552 F.3d 438, 441
(6th Cir. 2009) (quoting In re Lopez, 116 F.3d 1191, 1192 (7th Cir. 1997)) (internal
quotations omitted).

        Settembre’s standard applies to bankruptcy appeals, regardless of whether they are
from the district court or the BAP. Under 28 U.S.C. § 158, this court’s jurisdiction over
bankruptcy appeals from either body is the same. An appeal from the district court or the
BAP “shall be taken in the same manner as appeals in civil proceedings generally are taken
to the courts of appeals from the district courts.” § 158(c)(2). This uniformity is consistent
with how other circuits treat appeals from the BAP. See, e.g., In re Tri-Valley Distrib., Inc.,
533 F.3d 1209, 1214 (10th Cir. 2008); In re Rivera Torres, 432 F.3d 20, 22 (1st Cir. 2005).

        The BAP’s decision contemplates further non-ministerial proceedings and, therefore,
under Settembre, it is not a final order over which we have appellate jurisdiction. In
Settembre, the district court’s reversal of summary judgment and remand of the case to the
bankruptcy court acknowledged that “there [we]re enough questions to warrant a trial.”
Settembre, 552 F.3d at 442 (internal quotations omitted). Because “trial is not a proceeding
purely of a ministerial character,” the district court’s reversal was not a final order and
No. 08-3511               In re Swegan                                               Page 4

therefore was not appealable. Id. Likewise, the BAP’s reversal of summary judgment in this
case contemplates further fact-finding by the bankruptcy court. The order is, therefore, not
a final order. Because we lack jurisdiction, the appeal is dismissed.