Court Opinion

ID: 9667464
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-24 01:46:20.238278+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:15:38.116521
License: Public Domain

nabelle Clinton Imber, Justice, concurring. I concur with the majority that the motion for rule on the clerk should be granted. However, I write because I disagree with the majority’s interpretation of Arkansas Rules of Appellate Procedure - Civil 5(a) (2004). On December 31, 2003, an order was entered dismissing all of Servewell’s claims, except its claim against The Gables for unjust enrichment. On January 30, 2004, Servewell filed its first notice of appeal and designated the order appealed from as the December 31 order. On May 11, 2004, an order was entered dismissing Servewell’s entire complaint, including the unjust-enrichment claim. Servewell filed a second notice of appeal on May 19, 2004, and designated the orders appealed from as the December 31 and Miay 11 orders. The circuit court entered an order on July 30, 2004 extending the time to lodge the record. Meanwhile, Servewell waited until November 24, 2004, to tender a partial record to our clerk. Arkansas Rule of Appellate Procedure-Civil 5(a) clearly provides that the record on appeal shall be filed with the court’s clerk “within 90 days from the filing of the first notice of appeal, unless the time is extended by an order of the circuit court.” See Ark. R. App. P.—Civ. 5(a) (2004) (emphasis added). Yet, because an appeal may be taken from a final judgment pursuant to Ark. R. App. P.—Civ. 2(a)(1) (2004), the majority summarily jumps to the conclusion that Appellate Pmle 5(a) only contemplates the filing of a valid and effective “first” notice of appeal. In so doing, it changes the language in the rule by inserting the word “effective.” Under the plain language of Appellate Rule 5, the 90-day limit for filing the record begins to run upon the filing of the “first notice of appeal” from any order, whether final or not. For example, in this case, Servewell filed its “first notice of appeal” on January 30, 2004. Thus, the deadline to file the record would have been April 30, 2004. As of that date, the circuit court had not yet entered a final order. If Servewell had filed the record on or before April 30, 2004, we would have dismissed its appeal for lack of a final order. In this case, however, the 90-day period expired without a record being filed. Thus, Servewell lost its right to file the record and thereby attempt to perfect an appeal based on the January 30 notice of appeal. A final order was subsequently entered on May 11, 2004, such that a new 90-day period began with the filing of a “first notice of appeal” on May 19, 2004, after entry of the final order. This interpretation of Appellate Rule 5 conforms with our practice when an appeal is dismissed for lack of a final order. Upon the circuit court’s subsequent entry of a final order and the filing ofa timely notice of appeal from that order, an appeal may be taken from the final order, which appeal also brings up any intermediate order involving the merits and necessarily affecting the judgment. See Ark. R. App. P. — Civ. 2(b), 3(a) (2004). The disposition of this matter would have been different under the plain language of Appellate Rule 5(a) if a final order had been entered during the original 90-day period and if Servewell had filed a timely notice of appeal from that order. In that situation, an appeal from the final order could only have been preserved by filing the record within 90 days from the filing of the “first notice of appeal” on January 30. In other words, when a final order is entered within the original 90-day period, a subsequent notice of appeal only amends the “first notice of appeal.” Pursuant to Appellate Rule 5, the 90-day period begins to run upon the filing of the first notice of appeal and, not as the majority posits, upon the filing of the first “effective” notice of appeal. Under the majority’s interpretation, notwithstanding the entry of a final order and the filing of a second notice of appeal within the first 90-day period, a second 90-day period would commence upon filing the second notice of appeal. To apply Appellate Rule 5 as the majority suggests will require our clerk to engage in determining whether a first notice of appeal is effective, or it will open the door to numerous motions for rule on the clerk requesting that we make such a determination. Such a process is unnecessarily burdensome and is contrary to the plain language of Appellate Rule 5. That rule establishes a clear, objective starting point in time for calculating the deadline to file the record — the filing of the first notice of appeal. Once again, the majority’s interpretation of Appellate Rule 5 changes the language in the rule by inserting the word “effective.” Moreover, I submit that we should endeavor to maintain a modicum of consistency with our prior decisions in Smith v. State, 351 Ark. 325, 97 S.W.3d 380 (2002) (per curiam) and Street v. Kurzinski, 290 Ark. 155, 717 S.W.2d 798 (1986). In Smith v. State, supra, we strictly construed Appellate Rule 5’s first-no tice-ofappeal rule when considering a situation governed by Ark. R. App. P. — Crim. 2(b)(2) (2004). In that case, the posttrial motion and the first notice of appeal were filed on the same day. Pursuant to the express language in Ark. R. App. P.-Crim. 2(b)(2) (2004), we held that the first notice of appeal was not made effective until the day after the posttrial motion was denied. Similarly in Street v. Kurzinski, we stated that “[t]he reference to the ‘first’ notice of appeal removes any possible doubt when both parties file notices of appeal or when one party files notices of appeal from different orders.” 290 Ark. at 157, 717 S.W.2d at 799. In sum, the important principle undergirding each of these cases was not the existence of a final order before the filing of a timely notice of appeal, but our strict construction of Appellate Rule 5. It is well settled that the timely lodging of the record is a jurisdictional requirement to perfecting an appeal. See Seay v. Wildlife Farms, Inc., 342 Ark. 503, 29 S.W.3d 711 (2000). More significantly, until this opinion, we have never suggested the 90-day period prescribed by Ark. R. App. P.-Civ. 5(a) would only begin to run upon the filing of the first “effective” notice of appeal. In fact, our appellate rules of procedure expressly address other situations involving premature notices of appeal. For example, Ark. R. App. P. — Civ.4(a) (2004) provides that a notice of appeal filed after the circuit court announces its decision but before the entry of final judgment shall be treated as filed on the day after the judgment was entered. Similarly, Ark. R. App. P.-Crim. 2(b)(2) provides that a notice of appeal filed before disposition of any posttrial motions shall be treated as filed on the day after entry of an order disposing of the last motion outstanding. To summarize, I believe that Servewell’s motion for rule on the clerk should be granted because to do so is consistent with our practice when an appeal is dismissed for lack of a final order; that is, when a final order is not entered within “90 days from the filing of the first notice of appeal,” the time limit established by Appellate Rule 5(a) to file the record on appeal. Accordingly, I concur with the majority’s disposition of this matter.