Court Opinion

ID: 9738384
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-26 19:51:43.02418+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:24:05.693645
License: Public Domain

Bashara, J.
The defendant was convicted by a jury of manslaughter, MCLA 750.321; MSA 28.553, and appeals.
On May 1, 1973 the defendant and James Gafney visited the apartment of the deceased, Andre Fair, and Ronald Kline. According to the testimony of the defendant, Gafney requested the defendant to accompany him to the apartment to obtain a refund from Fair for poor quality narcot*232ics allegedly purchased from him. Kline, on the other hánd, testified that the defendant and Gafney came to the apartment to show him some pills.
After entry into the apartment, the defendant testified that Gafney asked Fair to return his money. Fair refused and pulled a handgun. The defendant reached for the gun and a struggle ensued among Fair, Gafney and the defendant. During the struggle the handgun discharged and Fair was mortally wounded.
Kline’s version was that upon entry into the apartment the defendant pulled a handgun and assaulted Fair. During the struggle between the defendant and Fair, Gafney grabbed a shotgun that was in the apartment and held Kline at bay. Gafney then stated "set it out”. As the fray continued a window was broken, diverting the attention of Gafney and allowing Kline to escape. Kline heard a shot while fleeing from the room. Fair had been mortally wounded.
The defendant was charged with felony murder.. MCLA 750.316; MSA 28.548. The jury was instructed on both felony murder and manslaughter. A conviction for manslaughter was returned.
The first issue presented is whether there was sufficient evidence of a specific intent to rob to support an instruction on felony murder. Defendant argues that People v Barnes (On Remand), 44 Mich App 488; 205 NW2d 591 (1973), lv den, 389 Mich 795 (1973), negates such a finding of specific intent. In People v Barnes, supra, the complainant picked up the defendant hitchhiker. The defendant pulled a razor and placed it at the complainants neck, stating: "This is it, old man.” The defendant did not ask for any money. There was no other evidence of what the defendant meant by "[t]his is *233it”. The court reversed the conviction for assault with intent to rob for that reason.
"Words sometimes acquire a peculiar signification, in a particular locality, different from their ordinary meaning, but, when such is the case, it is a fact requiring proof, and not a fact which the court can take judicial notice of; the rule being that courts will take judicial notice of the ordinary meaning of English words, but not of uncommon or extraordinary meanings applied in isolated cases or in particular localities.” People v Gastro, 75 Mich 127, 131-132; 42 NW 937 (1889). Unlike People v Barnes, supra, the record discloses the peculiar signification of "set it out”. Kline testified that the expression meant that he was to give his money to Gafney. In fact, Kline explained that he was reaching for his money when the opportunity for escape arose. The evidence could have supported a finding of specific intent to rob. Accord, Jefferson v State, 298 So 2d 465 (Fla App 1974), "give it up”; Porter v State, 241 Ala 91; 1 So 2d 310 (1941), "get going” accompanied by threat to kill. We decline to follow the reasoning of People v Barnes, supra.
Defendant further argués that even if there was evidence to support the element of robbery in the felony murder charge against Gafney, there was no evidence that the defendant had the necessary specific intent to rob. We disagree. People v Sharp, 57 Mich App 624, 626; 226 NW2d 590 (1975), stated:
"[A]rmed robbery is a specific intent crime. People v Kelley, 21 Mich App 612; 176 NW2d 435 (1970), lv den, 383 Mich 792. Therefore, it is essential that the prosecution prove beyond c reasonable doubt that the defendant possessed specific intent or that he aided and abetted in the perpetration of the crime knowing that his *234coparticipants had the necessary specific intent. People v Poplar, 20 Mich App 132; 173 NW2d 732 (1969), People v McGuire, 39 Mich App 308; 197 NW2d 469 (1972), Iv den, 387 Mich 810. The requisite intent may properly be inferred by the jury from circumstantial evidence. People v Wright, 44 Mich App 111; 205 NW2d 62 (1972), People v Poplar, supra. ”
If the jury believed the testimony of Kline, they could have found the defendant possessed the requisite intent to rob when he initiated the incident by pulling a handgun. This allowed Gafney to grab the shotgun, get the drop on Kline and announce the robbery.
Defendant argues that it was reversible error for the trial judge to allow the defendant’s line-up attorney to read Kline’s written statement identifying the defendant and Gafney at a line-up. The statement was prepared by a police officer and signed by the line-up attorney. A proper foundation was not laid for admission of the written statement under the doctrine of past recollection recorded. This was error, but not prejudicial error because the error was cured when the statement was stricken. People v Mitchell, 298 Mich 172, 181; 298 NW 495 (1941), Detroit v O’Connell, 19 Mich App 538, 540; 172 NW2d 875 (1969), lv den 383 Mich 762 (1970).
Defendant also contends that the trial judge erred by giving an incomplete instruction on armed robbery.1 We agree. However, where the instruction was not objected to at trial our review is limited to whether there was a miscarriage of *235justice. People v Charles, 58 Mich App 371, 378-379; 227 NW2d 348 (1975), GCR 1963, 516.2, MCLA 769.26; MSA 28.1096. The jury ruled out armed robbery in the context of felony murder when it found the defendant guilty of manslaughter. The jury was not placed in a compromising position because the evidence could have supported a finding of robbery within the context of felony murder. The defendant should not be heard to complain of an incomplete instruction on armed robbery in the context of felony murder, when the evidence supports a finding of armed robbery, but the jury acquits him of the charge. There was no miscarriage of justice.
The next issue raised on appeal is whether the trial judge improperly instructed the jury on manslaughter. The instruction was as follows:
"[Manslaughter is the unjustified killing of another without malice and without premeditation * * * .”
Defendant contends that People v Townes, 391 Mich 578; 218 NW2d 136 (1974), requires the jury to instruct separately on voluntary and involuntary manslaughter when the factual situation can support either crime. We disagree. The Court in People v Townes, supra, found that the trial judge had initially instructed the jury on second-degree murder and a combination of voluntary and involuntary manslaughter. Subsequently, the jury asked for a clarification on the elements of second-degree murder and manslaughter. The trial judge instructed the jury on second-degree murder and involuntary manslaughter. The Supreme Court ruled that the trial judge’s supplementary instructions excluded voluntary manslaughter from the jury’s consideration. Since the evidence on the *236manslaughter charge more appropriately supported a finding of voluntary manslaughter, the Court reasoned that the only reasonable choice left the jury was a finding of guilty under the more serious offense of second-degree murder.
We are not faced with the problem raised in People v Townes, supra. The facts supported a finding under either felony murder or manslaughter and the jury was so charged. Since there is no distinction in punishment between voluntary and involuntary manslaughter, the defendant was not prejudiced. This general instruction on manslaughter was proper. People v Carter, 387 Mich 397, 418; 197 NW2d 57 (1972), People v Onesto, 203 Mich 490, 496; 170 NW 38 (1918), People v Knott, 59 Mich App 105, 114; 228 NW2d 838 (1975).
The next issue raised by the defendant is that it was improper for the trial judge to instruct the jury on manslaughter when defendant was charged with one count of felony murder. We find no error in this procedure under the recent Michigan Supreme Court decision of People v Carter, 395 Mich 434; 236 NW2d 500 (1975).
The defendant also argues that on three different occasions the prosecutor repeated leading questions over objections that were sustained. Our review of the record reveals that the conduct of the prosecutor was improper. "The rulings of the court are to be followed and when they are not the court should exercise its power of contempt or at least reprimand the offending person in the jury’s presence.” People v Brocato, 17 Mich App 277, 305; 169 NW2d 483 (1969). The questions related to the robbery in the context of the felony murder, but the jury acquitted the defendant of that charge. Therefore, we declare the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. People v Robinson, 386 Mich 551, 563; 194 NW2d 709 (1972).
*237Finally, there was no error in the instruction on reasonable doubt. People v Davies, 34 Mich App 19; 190 NW2d 694 (1971), lv den 385 Mich 773 (1971).
Affirmed.
V. J. Brennan, P. J., concurred.

 The trial judge’s complete instruction on armed robbery was as follows:
"Now in order to constitute robbery, it is necessary that the taking be felonious, that it is done with the intent to commit a crime and not under any claim of ownership.
"It is well settled that a person cannot be guilty of robbery in taking that to which he has a right.”