Court Opinion

ID: 7797355
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-03 15:02:02.598167+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:28:36.471764
License: Public Domain

Third District Court of Appeal
                               State of Florida

                         Opinion filed August 3, 2022.
       Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                            ________________

                             No. 3D21-1803
                        Lower Tribunal No. 21-8103
                           ________________

                     Suhaag Garden, Inc., et al.,
                                 Appellants,

                                     vs.

         Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's London, etc.,
                                  Appellee.

       An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, David C.
Miller, Judge.

     Ligman Martin, P.L., and Daniel T. Galo (Wellington), for appellants.

     Cole, Scott & Kissane, P.A., and Mark D. Tinker (Tampa), for appellee.

Before EMAS, SCALES and GORDO, JJ.

     EMAS, J.
     Suhaag Garden, Inc. and Suhaag Garden Real Estate, LLC,

(“Suhaag”), appeal an order dismissing with prejudice their complaint against

Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London (“Lloyd’s”).     Suhaag operates a

wedding design business in Homestead.         In March of 2020, when the

COVID-19 pandemic began, Suhaag’s business was deemed “non-

essential” and was forced to temporarily suspend operations. At the time,

Suhaag maintained a commercial property insurance policy with Lloyd’s, and

it filed a claim for loss of business income caused by the suspension of its

operations resulting from the pandemic.

     Although Suhaag’s policy did provide coverage for loss of income

resulting from a suspension of business operations, the express terms of the

policy required that the suspension “must be caused by direct physical

loss of or damage to property at premises which are described in the

Declarations . . . .” (emphasis added).

     In our recent decision in Commodore, Inc. v. Certain Underwriters at

Lloyd’s London, 47 Fla. L. Weekly D1044 (Fla. 3d DCA May 11, 2022), 1 we

construed policy language identical in all material respects to the instant

case, and concluded that that the policy “does not cover claims for business

1
  Commodore was issued during the pendency of this appeal. This court
ordered Suhaag and Lloyd’s to provide supplemental briefing on the
application of Commodore to this instant appeal.

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income losses unless those losses arise from a suspension of operations

‘caused by direct physical loss of or damage to property.’” Id. at *4.

      We held that the term “‘direct physical loss’ requires some actual

alteration to the insured property.” Id. We further held that “loss of intended

use alone, without tangible alteration to the property, is not sufficient to

trigger coverage under the plain language of the Policy.” Id. at *6. We

affirmed the trial court’s dismissal with prejudice of Commodore’s

complaint.2 As this case is indistinguishable from Commodore, we affirm the

trial court’s order dismissing Suhaag’s complaint with prejudice.

      Affirmed.

2
  In several decisions following the release of our opinion in Commodore, the
United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit has agreed with our
interpretation of this policy language and with the ultimate holding that loss
of business income is not covered under these circumstances. See, e.g.,
Town Kitchen, LLC v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 21-10992,
2022 WL 1714179 (11th Cir. May 27, 2022); Royal Palm Optical, Inc. v. State
Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 21-11335, 2022 WL 1666967 (11th Cir. May
25, 2022); First Watch Restaurants, Inc. v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 21-
10671, 2022 WL 1634571 (11th Cir. May 24, 2022).

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                                     Suhaag Garden, Inc., et al. v. Certain
                                     Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, etc.,
                                                      Case No. 3D21-1803
     GORDO, J., concurring.

     I agree with this Court’s decision to affirm the trial court’s ruling. While

I am sympathetic with Suhaag’s plight as a small business owner who

suffered severe loss of business income based on government closures

during the Covid-19 pandemic, the plain language of the policy also included

an ordinance or law exclusion relevant to our analysis:

           Causes of Loss
           B. Exclusions
           1. We will not pay for loss or damage caused directly
           or indirectly by any of the following. Such loss or
           damage is excluded regardless of any other cause or
           event that contributes concurrently or in any
           sequence to the loss.
            a. Ordinance or Law
           The enforcement of or compliance with any
           ordinance or law:
           (1) Regulating the construction, use or repair of any
           property; or
           (2) Requiring the tearing down of any property,
           including the cost of removing its debris.
           This exclusion, Ordinance Or Law, applies whether
           the loss results from:
           (a) An ordinance or law that is enforced even if
           the property has not been damaged; or

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           (b) The increased costs incurred to comply with an
           ordinance or law in the course of construction, repair,
           renovation, remodeling or demolition of property, or
           removal of its debris, following a physical loss to that
           property.
           ...
           2. We will not pay for loss or damage caused by or
           resulting from any of the following:
            ...
            b. Delay, loss or use or loss of market.
           ...
           3. We will not pay for loss or damage caused by or
           resulting from any of the following, 3.a. through 3.c.
           But if an excluded cause of loss that is listed in 3.a.
           through 3.c. results in a Covered Cause of Loss, we
           will pay for the loss or damage caused by that
           Covered Cause of Loss.
            ...
           b. Acts or decisions, including the failure to act or
           decide, of any person, group, organization or
           governmental body.
(emphasis added). This policy language specifically excludes coverage

when a loss results from an ordinance or law that is enforced even if the

property has not been damaged. While recognizing Suhaag experienced

significant loss due to the government closures, we are bound to enforce the

actual bargain struck between the parties memorialized in their written

agreement—the relevant insurance policy. In my view, Suhaag’s claims fall

squarely within the exclusion.

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