Court Opinion

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Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:04:38.158546+00
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Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

2-26-2004

Windfelder v. May Dept Stores Co
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-1879

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                                                             NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                         FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                    No. 03-1879

                   THOM AS B. WINDFELDER, an individual,
                                                  Appellant

                                         v.

                THE MAY DEPARTMENT STORES COMPANY,
                 d/b/a KAUFMANN'S DEPARTMENT STORE

                  On Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Western District of Pennsylvania
                        D.C. Civil Action No. 01-cv-01494
                           (Honorable David S. Cercone)

                              Argued February 12, 2004

        Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, ROTH and McKEE, Circuit Judges

                              (Filed February 26, 2004)

STANLEY M. STEIN, ESQUIRE (ARGUED)
Feldstein, Grinberg, Stein & McKee
428 Boulevard of the Allies
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219

     Attorney for Appellant
SUZANNE WOODARD, ESQUIRE (ARGUED)
May Department Stores
Office of Legal Counsel
611 Olive Street, Suite 1750
St. Louis, Missouri 63101

PHILIP J. MURRAY, III, ESQUIRE
Thorp, Reed & Armstrong
One Oxford Centre, 14th Floor
301 Grant Street
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219

       Attorneys for Appellee

                                OPINION OF THE COURT

SCIRICA, Chief Judge.

       In this employment discrimination action, plaintiff Thomas B. Windfelder appeals

a grant of summary judgment in favor of defendant Kaufmann’s Department Store. We

will affirm.

                                             I.

       Kaufmann’s is a department store division of The May Department Stores

Company, operating approximately 50 stores in the Pennsylvania, Ohio, New York and

West Virginia regions. Each year, store managers at Kaufmann’s receive an overall

performance rating on the following scale:

       1.   “Outstanding” (“O”) - clearly superior performance;
       2.   “Very Good” (“V”) - well above the expected performance;
       3.   “Effective” (“E”) - expected level of performance;
       4.   “Marginal” (“M”) - below expected level of performance; or

                                             2
       5. “Unacceptable” (“U”) - well below expected results.

These performance appraisals are based on individual ratings in sales, customer service,

shortage, profits, and “people development.” Annual performance reviews also reflect

specific accomplishments and missed opportunities.

       Windfelder began working for Kaufmann’s as an executive trainee in 1972. He

worked as a store manager from 1980 to 1986 and as a Regional Vice President (RVP)

from 1986 to 1993, when his position changed from RVP to store manager of the

downtown Pittsburgh Kaufmann’s store. As store manager from 1980 to 1986,

Windfelder received three “V,” two “E,” and one “M” rating. While working as RVP

from 1986 to 1993, he received one “V,” five “E,” and one “M” rating. He received two

“V” and one “E” rating as the downtown Pittsburgh store manager from 1993 to 1995,

and an “O” rating in 1996.

       Windfelder claims Kaufmann’s began to discriminate against him on the basis of

his age in May 1997, after Rick Bennet became President of Kaufmann’s. During an

unannounced walk-through of the Pittsburgh store on M ay 23, 1997, Bennet remarked to

Windfelder, “it’s good to see someone around here with less hair than me.” Bennet then

saw a sock display that was in disarray, learned that Windfelder had 25 years of service,

and allegedly remarked, “25 years and you let a table of socks look like that.” RVP

James McGowan conducted W indfelder’s 1997 overall performance review and gave him

                                            3
a “marginal” rating.1

       In 1998, Kaufmann’s rearranged its management structure so that Windfelder

reported directly to M cGowan. Windfelder claims his working relationship with

McGowan began to deteriorate in Spring of 1998, when a May’s official visited the

downtown store and discovered some price signs on the displays that did not match the

ticketed price on the merchandise. Upon hearing of this incident, McGowan allegedly

became upset with Windfelder. In October 1998, McGowan performed a walk-through of

the downtown store. As Windfelder accompanied him and limped due to a leg injury,

McGowan allegedly said to him, “Hey, you’re getting too old for this.” Windfelder

received “marginal” ratings in his mid-year 1998 and 1998 reviews. McGowan noted on

the reviews that Windfelder’s communication with his staff was ineffective, he lacked

leadership skills, and he did not develop his staff. In addition, Windfelder’s management

team stated that they thought Windfelder lacked communication skills, leadership skills,

and the ability to develop the team.

       In January 1999, Kaufmann’s demoted Windfelder to manager of the Southern

Park retail branch in Youngstown, Ohio. He received a “marginal” mid-1999 review.

Windfelder claims Kaufmann’s set him up to fail, since he did not receive necessary

   1
    This review was based on the following performance issues, many of which
Windfelder does not dispute: sock and towel displays table not up to visual and
presentation standards; failure to mark shoes down to sale prices in a timely manner;
messy “wrap and pack” area near the crystal area; failure to hold his staff accountable for
maintaining the store; Ruby Selling Star Board in disrepair; and lack of effective
communication with employees.

                                             4
assistance during busy shopping periods. Kaufmann’s counters that Windfelder had

difficulty keeping the store up to the required standards and that he failed to effectively

lead his management team.

       On March 2, 2000, Windfelder’s supervisor, RVP M ike Hubbell, gave him a “90

Day Final Performance Warning” which listed areas necessary for improvement.

Windfelder requested additional information on the warning, but Hubbell did not respond.

On April 5, 2000, Windfelder sent Hubbell a letter expressing concern that, due to

“events in the last several years . . . I wonder whether there may be some early exit

strategy in the works for me, and I fear that my age may be a factor.” Hubbell sent two

final warnings dated April 12, 2000 and May 23, 2000, both detailing failings in

Windfelder’s performance. On June 14, 2000, Windfelder was terminated due to the

recent “marginal” appraisals because his “leadership, communication, and [ability to]

positively influenc[e] results” remained deficient. Windfelder was 53 years old when he

was terminated. He was replaced by a younger female, Ella Scales.

       On August 28, 2000, Windfelder filed a discrimination charge with the EEOC and

on August 7, 2001 brought suit in federal court. In his suit, Windfelder contended that he

was terminated by Kaufmann’s in violation of the Age Discrimination in Employment

Act of 1967, 29 U.S.C. § 621, et seq., and the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act, 43 Pa.

Stat. § 951 et seq. Windfelder also brought an unlawful retaliation claim under the

ADEA. The District Court granted summary judgment in favor of Kaufmann’s, and

Windfelder timely appealed.

                                              5
                                             II.

       We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Our review of the District

Court’s grant of summary judgment is plenary. Simpson v. Kay Jewelers, 142 F.3d 639,

643 (3d Cir. 1998).

                                             III.

                                              A.

       The ADEA prohibits employers from discriminating against individuals in hiring,

termination, compensation, or conditions of employment on the basis of their age. 29

U.S.C. § 623(a)(1). To survive a motion for summary judgment in an ADEA case, a

plaintiff must first establish a prima facie case of age discrimination.2 McDonnell

Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 801 (1973). Upon such a showing, the burden

shifts to the employer to produce evidence of a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for

the adverse action. Id. at 802; Ezold v. W olf, Block, Schorr & Solis-Cohen, 983 F.2d 509,

522 (3d Cir. 1992). The plaintiff then has the burden to provide sufficient evidence for a

reasonable factfinder to (1) reject the employer’s nondiscriminatory explanation for its

decision, or (2) believe that an invidious discriminatory reason was more likely than not a

motivating cause of the employee’s discharge. Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods.,

   2
   The elements of a prima facie case of age discrimination are:
      (1) The plaintiff is a member of the protected class, i.e., at least 40 years of age;
      (2) The plaintiff is qualified for the position;
      (3) The plaintiff suffered an adverse employment decision; and
      (4) Non-members of the protected class were treated more favorably.
Sempier v. Johnson & Higgins, 45 F.3d 724, 728 (3d Cir. 1995).

                                              6
Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 143 (2000); Fuentes v. Perskie, 32 F.3d 759, 764 (3d Cir. 1994).

       Kaufmann’s concedes for the purposes of this motion that Windfelder can show a

prima facie case of age discrimination. But it claims Windfelder’s poor job performance

led to his termination. The record provides ample testimonial and documentary evidence

of Windfelder’s marginal or dissatisfactory job performance. Because Kaufmann’s has

carried its burden of providing evidence of a nondiscriminatory reason for W indfelder’s

discharge, W indfelder must submit evidence from which a factfinder could reasonably

believe Kaufmann’s reasons for termination are a pretext for age discrimination, or

Kaufmann’s was motivated by a discriminatory animus. Fuentes, 32 F.3d at 763.

       Windfelder may show pretext by producing evidence of “inconsistencies and

implausibilities in [Kaufmann’s] proffered reasons.” Josey v. John R. Hollingsworth

Corp., 996 F.2d 632, 638 (3d Cir. 1993). Kaufmann’s reasons for Windfelder’s demotion

and termination were consistent, as it clearly documented and communicated to

Windfelder the reasons for his “marginal” reviews. Several members of Windfelder’s

management team further corroborated the poor evaluations with testimony that

Windfelder was a poor communicator and ineffective leader. We hesitate to second-

guess the process by which an employer evaluates an employee’s performance, even

when the appraisal involves subjective elements. Healy v. New York Life Ins. Co., 860

F.2d 1209, 1216 (3d Cir. 1988). W indfelder cannot establish pretext by a mere drop in

his performance evaluations from 1996 to 1997-99. Ezold, 983 F.2d at 528. In summary,

the evidence here does not support a finding of pretext.

                                             7
       Furthermore, Windfelder has not shown that discrimination was more likely than

not a cause for his demotion and termination. The only evidence of possible

discrimination was McGowan’s September 1998 comment, “You’re getting too old for

this.” This comment carries little weight, since McGowan made the remark two years

before Windfelder’s termination and was not involved in the decisions to demote or

terminate Windfelder. See Ezold, 983 F.2d at 545 (“Stray remarks by non-

decisionmakers or by decisionmakers unrelated to the decision process are rarely given

great weight, particularly if they were made temporally remote from the date of

decision.”); Keller v. Orix Credit Alliance, Inc., 130 F.3d 1101, 1112 (3d Cir. 1996)

(comment by company president “you’re too old for this job” did not prove by a

preponderance of the evidence that age was a determinative factor in employee’s

termination). W indfelder’s claim cannot survive summary judgment.

                                             B.

       The ADEA forbids employers from discriminating against their employees for

having made a charge, testifying, assisting, or participating in an investigation,

proceeding or litigation against the employer. 29 U.S.C. § 623(d). To establish a prima

facie case of retaliation, a plaintiff must show: (1) he was engaged in protected conduct;

(2) he was discharged subsequent to such activity; and (3) a causal link exists between the

protected activity and the discharge. Woodson v. Scott Paper Co., 109 F.3d 913, 920 (3d

Cir. 1997).

       Windfelder claims the District Court erred in finding the alleged retaliation by

                                              8
Kaufmann’s was not sufficient to survive summary judgment. Windfelder contends

Kaufmann’s terminated him in response to his April 5, 2000 letter to Hubbell, which

stated, “I fear that my age may be a factor.” The District Court found that Windfelder’s

letter was merely a “general complaint of unfair treatment” and was not protected

conduct. See Barber v. CSX Distribution Servs., Inc., 68 F.3d 694, 701-02 (3d Cir. 1995).

       Even assuming Windfelder’s letter was protected activity under the ADEA, he has

failed to establish a causal link between the letter and the termination. Windfelder had

already received negative performance reviews for several years, and Kaufmann’s had

placed Windfelder on a 90 Day Final Warning one month before he sent the letter. After

receiving the letter, Kaufmann’s continued with the termination process by holding 30

and 60 day “touch base” sessions in which they provided Windfelder interim performance

benchmarks, with the clear understanding that he would be terminated if he did not satisfy

those benchmarks. Kaufmann’s fired him only after finding his job performance had not

improved. There is no indication that the letter, as opposed to Windfelder’s job

performance, caused his termination two months later.

       Employers are not obliged to suspend all previously planned or contemplated

actions upon receiving a Title VII complaint or learning that a suit has been filed. Clark

County School Dist. v. Breeden, 532 U.S. 268, 272 (2001). Kaufmann’s had already

begun termination proceedings against Windfelder, and without other evidence of

retaliation, it need not halt those proceedings simply because Windfelder wrote a letter

alleging retaliation. A contrary holding might impede employers from permissible

                                             9
terminations and encourage employees aware of an impending termination to attempt to

create their own “severance package.”

      Windfelder did not establish a prima facie case for retaliation, and the District

Court properly granted Kaufmann’s motion for summary judgment.

                                           IV.

      For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

                                            10