Court Opinion

ID: 9381298
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-22 17:01:47.708752+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:31.524329
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAR 22 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

RICHARD BERNAL,                                 No.    22-55391

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                2:21-cv-02459-RGK-AS
 v.

CITY OF GLENDORA, a public entity; et           MEMORANDUM*
al.,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Central District of California
                   R. Gary Klausner, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted March 13, 2023**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: LEE, BRESS, and MENDOZA, Circuit Judges.

      This Section 1983 lawsuit arises out of an arrest after a 911 call reporting a

vehicle for reckless driving. Richard Bernal sued claiming that his arrest occurred

without probable cause and that an officer used excessive force against him in

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
violation of the Fourth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment. We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm the district court’s summary

judgment for the defendants.

      1. The district court did not err in granting summary judgment on the unlawful

arrest claim. An arrest is lawful when it is supported by probable cause. See Ramirez

v. City of Buena Park, 560 F.3d 1012, 1023 (9th Cir. 2009). “Probable cause exists

when, under the totality of the circumstances known to the arresting officers (or

within the knowledge of the other officers at the scene), a prudent person would

believe the suspect had committed a crime.” Dubner v. City & County of San

Francisco, 266 F.3d 959, 966 (9th Cir. 2001).

      A reasonable officer would have probable cause to believe that Bernal was

driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol. See Ramirez, 560 F.3d at 1024.

When the officers stopped Bernal’s van after receiving the 911 call, they observed

that Bernal’s pupils were constricted, that his eyes were red and watery, that he had

an elevated heart rate, and that he spoke rapidly and without focus. In response to

these observations, an officer administered a “Romberg Test,” which is designed to

assess time distortions caused by substance use. Bernal failed this test—waiting

only seven seconds to indicate his perception that thirty seconds had passed. The

officer repeated the test, and Bernal once again failed. Based on this examination

and the officers’ observations, the officers placed Bernal under arrest on suspicion

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of driving under the influence of a controlled substance.

      Bernal does not dispute that he exhibited the symptoms described by the

officers. And although he asserts that the arresting officer was inadequately trained,

he does not claim that the Romberg test was administered improperly or that the

officer inaccurately reported its results. Because there is no genuine dispute of

material fact that the officers observed signs that Bernal was intoxicated, the district

court did not err in determining that these facts could lead a reasonable officer to

find probable cause to arrest Bernal.

      2. The district court did not err in granting summary judgment on the

excessive force claim. Bernal’s excessive force claim centers on his allegation that

an officer, when leading Bernal into the detention center, either kicked or struck him

in the back, causing him to fall to the ground. The allegation is flatly contradicted

by video surveillance of the detention facility’s entryway. The video does not show

the officer kicking or striking him. Rather, it appears that Bernal fell to the ground

as the officer, who put a resisting Bernal in a control hold, directed him to the

detention facility.

      We thus review this claim “in the light depicted by the videotape,” Scott v.

Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 380–81 (2007), and conclude that any alleged force used by

the officer was not excessive. See Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 396 (1989);

Acosta v. City of Costa Mesa, 718 F.3d 800, 826 (9th Cir. 2013); Forrester v. City

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of San Diego, 25 F.3d 804, 807 (9th Cir. 1994); Eberle v. City of Anaheim, 901 F.2d

814, 820 (9th Cir.1990).

      3. The district court did not err in granting summary judgment on the state-

law claims. Because we hold that Hauck did not use excessive force against Bernal,

we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment on Bernal’s state-law

claims, which require either unreasonable force or outrageous conduct. See Venegas

v. County of Los Angeles, 63 Cal. Rptr. 3d 741, 755 (Ct. App. 2007); Edson v. City

of Anaheim, 74 Cal. Rptr. 2d 614, 616 (Ct. App. 1998); Davidson v. City of

Westminster, 649 P.2d 894, 901 (Cal. 1982).

      4. The district court did not err in granting summary judgment for the city

defendants. Likewise, because we conclude that Bernal has not shown that any

unlawful conduct occurred, we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment

on Bernal’s derivative claims against the city defendants. See City of Los Angeles

v. Heller, 475 U.S. 796, 799 (1986); Cal. Gov’t Code § 815.2.

      AFFIRMED.

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