Court Opinion

ID: 5039472
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-10-01 06:28:51.714606+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:18:32.392096
License: Public Domain

NEIKIRK, Justice.
The Department of Public Safety revoked the driver’s license of Joseph Jolly Hayden because Hayden, allegedly, refused to submit to a blood-alcohol test upon request of an Owensboro police officer. KRS 186.-565(3). The revocation subsequently was sustained at a hearing held by the Department of Public Safety pursuant to KRS 186.565(4). The Daviess Circuit Court, upon petition by Hayden, found that the final order of the Department revoking Hayden’s driver’s license was not supported by substantial evidence and, therefore, was arbitrary and capricious. The revocation was set aside. The Department appeals. We affirm.
The only issue presented on this appeal is whether there was substantial and competent evidence to support the administrative finding that Hayden had refused to submit to a blood-alcohol test. KRS 186.-565(2) provides:
“Any person who is dead, unconscious or who is otherwise in a condition rendering him incapable of refusal, is deemed not to have withdrawn the consent provided in subsection (1) of this section and the test may be given.”
Hayden claims that he was so drunk he was “in a condition rendering him incapable of refusal,” wherefore the officers should have proceeded to give him the test. The Department maintains that the evidence when considered in its totality is contra.
An examination of the record convinces us that Hayden was capable of a refusal but that there was no positive refusal on his part to take the test in response to a specific request by the arresting officer. The pertinent testimony on this point as elicited from the arresting officer is as follows:
“Answer: When I stopped him the second time, I had him to get into my cruiser. At this point, I had asked him — I mentioned or explained the blood-alcohol test to him and asked him if he would want to take the blood-alcohol test, and at that time he didn’t want to, or he said he didn’t. I finished writing the citation and when the wagon arrived, well, we again — Curtis Johnson, Jr., and myself both asked him if he wanted to take the test and he refused, or wouldn’t.
Question 15: Do you remember or can you say in general, the exact way that you mentioned the test to Mr. Hayden?
Answer: Well, I explained we had — in Kentucky, there is an Implied Consent Law. That any time they are suspected or charged with Driving Under the Influence, they have a choice if they want to take the blood-alcohol test or not, there’s nobody will make them take it; it’s up to them, but if they do not take the test, it’s automatic suspension of the driver’s license for six months.
Question 16: Do you remember what Mr. Hayden’s response to this was?
Answer: Well, I never could get a definite yes or no from him. He acted like he really didn’t know what I was talking about. I’ll be truthful with you.”

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“Question 22: * * * After the other officer arrived on the scene, did you yourself mention the test again to Mr. Hayden ?
Answer: Yes, ma’am.
Question 23: Do you remember any response he made at that time?
Answer: Again, not any specific words that he used.”

“Question 7: Well, he did have some trouble walking, that you noticed ?
Answer: Yes sir, quite a bit of trouble walking.
Question 8: Had trouble following your commands about getting the driver’s license out, didn’t he?
Answer: Yes sir. Yes sir.
Question 9: And dropped cards and didn’t follow your commands, other commands, and that is, isn’t it, evidence of a man that is extremely inebriated?
Answer: Yes sir.
Question 10: And he didn’t — as I understand from your testimony, he really didn’t — because of his drunken stupor, he didn’t comprehend your explanation to him about the Implied Consent Law ?
Answer: Well, its’s possible that he didn’t fully understand me.
Mr. Rummage: Yes sir, that’s all.”

“Question 1: Officer Richardson, you stated in your testimony here, now, that you asked him at least on two occasions to take the test ?
Answer: Yes sir.
Question 2: But on neither of these occasions did he answer you either way?
Answer: That I can recall, definitely saying yes or no, I can’t recall him ever saying either one of the words, definitely.”
Hayden testified that he had “no knowledge or recollection of any questions or anything.”
In the circumstances related, Hayden’s condition obviously was such as to make it difficult for the officers to obtain his consent or refusal to the test, but we are not convinced that Hayden was in such a stupor or state of extreme intoxication as to render him incapable of refusing to take the test. He could walk, follow directions, and make decisions. His senses were dulled but he was not senseless. We believe the officers by firm and positive requests, carried if necessary to the extent of making preparations to give the test, could have elicited definite consent or refusal from Hayden. The trouble is that they did not show a positive request and refusal.
We have held that before the Department has sufficient evidence to revoke a driver’s license under KRS 186.565(3), there must be a positive and specific “request” addressed to the licensee to take the test contemplated in the statute. Commonwealth, Department of Public Safety v. Powers, Ky., 453 S.W.2d 260 (1970); Timberlake v. Commonwealth, Department of Public Safety, Ky., 464 S.W.2d 283 (1971); Craig v. Commonwealth, Department of Public Safety, Ky., 471 S.W.2d 11 (1971).
We hold that in addition to a “request” there must be a refusal. The refusal may be either express or by conduct.
In a situation such as here presented, the arresting officers are confronted with a difficult choice. If they choose to treat the accused as too drunk to refuse the test, and they proceed to give him the test, they may subject themselves to a suit by the accused in which he claims he was not that drunk. If on the other hand they choose to try to elicit from him a positive consent or refusal, they are faced with the practical problem of getting a coherent ans*100wer. On balance, however, we believe the latter course should be followed whenever there is any reason for doubt.
In our opinion, a plea of extreme intoxication is not such a condition as to render a person incapable of responding to a definite and positive “request” unless the person is in a complete drunken stupor or “passed out.” We do not excuse a drunken person if he commits murder simply because he is drunk. Neither should we excuse a drunken driver from taking the blood-alcohol test simply because he at a later time says that he was too drunk to understand the questions propounded to him by an officer.
We decide the instant case on the weakness of the officer’s testimony, not on the strength of Hayden’s admitted drunkenness.
The judgment is affirmed.
MILLIKEN, HILL, OSBORNE, PAL-MORE, and REED, JJ., concur.
Separate concurring opinion by OSBORNE, J.