Court Opinion

ID: 9962441
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-23 17:00:38.539792+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:20:54.018370
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                   MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

JACOB REVILLS,                                  DOCKET NUMBER
                    Appellant,                  AT-0714-18-0049-I-1

             v.

DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS                          DATE: April 22, 2024
  AFFAIRS,
            Agency.

             THIS ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

      Danielle B. Obiorah , Esquire, Jonesboro, Georgia, for the appellant.

      Kamaria Morris , Columbia, South Carolina, for the agency.

      Karen Rodgers , Montgomery, Alabama, for the agency.

                                      BEFORE

                           Cathy A. Harris, Chairman
                        Raymond A. Limon, Vice Chairman

                                 REMAND ORDER

      The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
affirmed his removal from Federal service pursuant to the Department of Veterans
Affairs Accountability and Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017 (VA
Accountability Act), Pub. L. No. 115-41, § 202(a), 131 Stat 862, 869-73 (codified
1
   A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                 2

as amended at 38 U.S.C. § 714). For the reasons discussed below, we GRANT
the appellant’s petition for review, VACATE the initial decision, and REMAND
the case to the Atlanta Regional Office for further adjudication in accordance
with this Remand Order.

                                  BACKGROUND
         The appellant was employed as a GS-09 Medical Technologist at the
agency’s Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center in Decatur, Georgia.
Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 7 at 26, 42. On September 15, 2017, the agency
issued a notice proposing to remove the appellant pursuant to 38 U.S.C. § 714
based on two charges:          (1) conduct unbecoming (3 specifications); and
(2) unauthorized absences (18 specifications).      Id. at 42-48.    The conduct
unbecoming charge alleged that the appellant requested leave under the Family
and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) for July 11, 13, and 14, 2017, and then
worked at a private non-profit hospital during the time covered by his FMLA
leave.    Id. at 42.   The unauthorized absences charge alleged that, on 18 days
during the period from July 17 to August 11, 2017, the appellant was absent from
work for the first portion of his shift without his supervisor’s authorization and
that he was working at the other non-profit hospital during those absences. Id.
at 43-47.     Following the appellant’s written response to the proposal, id.
at 149-56, the deciding official issued a decision sustaining the charges and
finding removal warranted, id. at 11-14. The appellant was removed effective
October 6, 2017. Id. at 26.
         The appellant filed a Board appeal challenging his removal, and he
requested a hearing. IAF, Tab 1. He raised affirmative defenses of retaliation for
his prior equal employment opportunity (EEO) activity and for assisting
coworkers with their EEO complaints, and disability discrimination.      Id. at 4,
Tab 13 at 5, Tab 16 at 3-4.
                                                                                    3

      After a hearing, the administrative judge affirmed the removal, finding that
the agency proved its charges by substantial evidence and that the appellant failed
to prove his affirmative defenses. IAF, Tab 31, Initial Decision (ID) at 3-10. The
appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, and the agency has
filed a response in opposition to the petition. Petition for Review (PFR) File,
Tabs 1, 3.

                DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
      The administrative judge concluded that the agency met its burden of
proving both charges and all the supporting specifications.        ID at 3-8.    The
appellant does not appear to dispute that finding on review. PFR File, Tab 1.
Instead, he makes vague assertions that the initial decision was wrongly decided,
identifying the following reasons:     “Procedural error; Prejudice; Legal error;
Basis; Missinteration [sic] of law and evidence; And other issues.”         Id. at 5
(punctuation added, capitalization as in original).     He further alleges that the
administrative judge issued the initial decision before the appellant “close[d] [his]
case.” Id. at 3. The appellant also states that he has documents or evidence that
was not included in the record that he would provide at a later date. Id. at 3-4.
Finally, he appears to allege that the administrative judge was biased, stating that
the hearing was “unfair and prejudice [sic].” PFR File, Tab 1 at 3.
      The appellant’s assertions are unsupported. Regarding his allegation that
his appeal was closed prematurely, the record reflects that the administrative
judge issued his decision following a 2-day hearing, in which the appellant was
represented by counsel, who examined witnesses and provided a closing
statement at the end of hearing. ID; IAF, Tab 29, Hearing Compact Disc (HCD);
see 5 C.F.R. § 1201.59(a) (stating that, when there is a hearing, the record will
ordinarily close at the conclusion of the hearing). Regarding his claim that the
administrative judge was “unfair and prejudice[d],” the appellant’s bare assertion
does not establish a deep-seated antagonism towards him that would make fair
                                                                                    4

judgment impossible and does not overcome the presumption of honesty and
integrity accorded to administrative judges.     See Bieber v. Department of the
Army, 287 F.3d 1358, 1362-63 (Fed. Cir. 2002); Oliver v. Department of
Transportation, 1 M.S.P.R. 382, 386 (1980).
      With respect to his argument that he has documents that are important to
his appeal that he will provide at a later date, the appellant does not identify what
those documents are, nor has he submitted them on review, and so we are unable
to assess this claim.      PFR File, Tab 1 at 3-4; see Russo v. Veterans
Administration, 3 M.S.P.R. 345, 349 (1980) (noting that the Board will not grant
a petition for review based on new evidence absent a showing that it is of
sufficient weight to warrant an outcome different from that of the initial
decision); Avansino v. U.S. Postal Service, 3 M.S.P.R. 211, 214 (1980)
(observing that under 5 C.F.R. § 1201.115, the Board generally will not consider
evidence submitted for the first time on review absent a showing that it was
unavailable before the record was closed despite the party’s due diligence);
5 C.F.R. § 1201.115(d) (explaining that, to constitute new evidence on review,
the information contained in the documents that a party submits, and not just the
documents themselves, must have been unavailable when the record closed
below).   Accordingly, the appellant’s petition for review falls far below the
standard set forth in 5 C.F.R. § 1201.115 for granting Board review, and his
petition would ordinarily be denied.

We nevertheless remand the appeal for the administrative judge to provide the
parties with an opportunity to present evidence and argument regarding whether
the agency’s error in sustaining the removal based on substantial evidence harmed
the appellant.
      Notwithstanding the above findings, remand of the appeal is required for a
different reason. After the initial decision in this case was issued, the U.S. Court
of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) issued its decision in
Rodriguez v. Department of Veterans Affairs , 8 F.4th 1290 (Fed. Cir. 2021), in
which it determined that the agency erred by applying a substantial evidence
                                                                                       5

burden of proof to its internal review of a disciplinary action taken under
38 U.S.C. § 714. 2 The court in Rodriguez found that substantial evidence is the
standard of review to be applied by the Board, not the agency, and that an
agency’s deciding official must “determine[]” whether “the performance or
misconduct . . . warrants” the action at issue, applying a preponderance of the
evidence burden of proof. Id. at 1298-1301 (quoting 38 U.S.C. § 714(a)(1)).
      The Board subsequently issued the decision in Semenov v. Department of
Veterans Affairs, 2023 MSPB 16, ¶¶ 21-24, in which it found that it was
appropriate to apply the harmful error standard from 5 U.S.C. § 7701(c)(2) to an
agency’s improper application of the substantial evidence standard to its review
of proposed actions taken under 38 U.S.C. § 714. The Board also held that the
Federal Circuit’s holding in Rodriguez applies to all pending cases, regardless of
when the events at issue took place. Id., ¶ 22.
      As previously noted, the deciding official sustained the removal based on
her conclusion that the charges were supported by substantial evidence.            IAF,
Tab 7 at 21. Further, in her hearing testimony addressing how she analyzed the
charges, the deciding official confirmed that she found, based “on substantial
evidence,” that the recommendations set forth in the removal proposal for both
charges should be sustained. HCD, track 5 at 7:05 (testimony of the deciding
official). The administrative judge and the parties did not have the benefit of
Rodriguez, and they were therefore unable to address its impact on this appeal.

2
  The VA Accountability Act was signed into law on June 23, 2017, prior to all of the
events at issue in this appeal, and so retroactivity considerations are not implicated in
this appeal. Cf. Sayers v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 954 F.3d 1370, 1380-82
(Fed. Cir. 2020) (concluding that applying 38 U.S.C. § 714 to conduct that occurred
prior to its enactment would have an impermissible retroactive effect and so agencies
may not use the VA Accountability Act to discipline employees for matters that
occurred prior to the Act’s effective date); Wilson v. Department of Veterans Affairs,
2022 MSPB 7, ¶¶ 29-33 (reversing an adverse action taken under section 714 that was
based on both pre- and post-Act misconduct, concluding that it would not be possible to
sustain the action based solely on the post-Act misconduct because the underlying
instances of misconduct were “so factually interrelated that they cannot be fairly
separated.”)
                                                                                  6

Accordingly, we remand this case for adjudication concerning whether the
agency’s apparent error in applying the substantial evidence standard of proof
was harmful.

On remand, the administrative judge should allow the parties to supplement the
record regarding whether the agency considered the Douglas factors in analyzing
the penalty.
      In Connor v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 8 F.4th 1319, 1325-26 (Fed.
Cir. 2021), the Federal Circuit determined that the agency and the Board must
consider and apply the nonexhaustive factors set forth in Douglas v. Veterans
Administration, 5 M.S.P.R. 280, 305-06 (1981), in its review of an agency’s
penalty selection under 38 U.S.C. § 714. See Semenov, 2023 MSPB 16, ¶¶ 44-50
(stating that, consistent with the Federal Circuit’s decision in Connor, 8 F.4th
at 1325-26, the agency and the Board must apply the Douglas factors in
reviewing the penalty in an action taken under 38 U.S.C. § 714). The court held
that, although section 714 precludes the Board from mitigating the agency’s
chosen penalty, “[i]t does not alter the penalty review with respect to the Douglas
factors” and that, although the Board cannot mitigate the penalty, “if the Board
determines that the [agency] failed to consider the Douglas factors or that the
chosen penalty is unreasonable, the Board must remand to the [agency] for a
redetermination of the penalty.” Connor, 8 F.4th at 1326-27 (citing Brenner v.
Department of Veterans Affairs, 990 F.3d 1313, 1325 (Fed. Cir. 2021))
(explaining that, “if the [Board] concludes that the [agency’s] removal decision is
unsupported by substantial evidence, the [Board] should remand to the [agency]
for further proceedings”).
      Here, the administrative judge did not review the agency’s penalty.
Instead, he noted that the Board lacks mitigation authority in actions taken under
38 U.S.C. § 714 and upheld the removal penalty “in accordance with the
[VA Accountability Act],” based solely on the fact that the specifications and the
charges were sustained. ID at 2, 10. Moreover, in the removal decision letter,
                                                                                      7

the deciding official did not reference the Board’s decision in Douglas or cite to
the Douglas factors. IAF, Tab 7 at 21. Nevertheless, in response to a question
during the hearing from the appellant’s counsel concerning whether she
considered the Douglas factors, the deciding official stated that the Douglas
factors were “brought forward by” the Human Resources (HR) staff and appeared
to suggest that she considered this information. HCD, track 5 at 9:45 (testimony
of the deciding official). When later confronted with the fact that the evidence
file did not appear to contain any document referencing the Douglas factors, the
deciding official acknowledged that such information did not appear to be in the
evidence file and stated that she only would have reviewed such information if it
was in the evidence file, seemingly suggesting that she did not consider the
Douglas factors.       HCD, track 5 at 15:45, 23:40 (testimony of the deciding
official). When the issue was later revisited, the deciding official indicated that
she may have had a verbal conversation with HR personnel concerning the
Douglas factors. HCD, track 5 at 23:50 (testimony of the deciding official).
      When the appellant’s counsel later questioned the deciding official about
her consideration of the Douglas factors, including whether she considered any
mitigating   factors    in   reaching   her   decision,   such   as   the   appellant’s
service-connected disability, agency counsel objected to the line of questioning,
arguing that the Douglas factors were inapplicable under 38 U.S.C. § 714. HCD,
track 5 at 20:30 (testimony of the deciding official). The administrative judge
sustained the agency’s objection, agreeing that the agency was “absolutely right
on this,” referring to the inapplicability of the Douglas factors in appeals of
actions under 38 U.S.C. § 714, and noted that he was unable to mitigate the
agency’s penalty and so he could not “hold [the deciding official] to a standard
that does not legally exist.”       HCD, track 5 at 21:45 (statements of the
administrative judge on the record). There was no additional testimony from the
deciding official concerning her consideration of the Douglas factors.
                                                                                  8

      Thus, the record is unclear as to whether the agency properly considered
the Douglas factors in deciding to remove the appellant.       The administrative
judge and the parties did not have the benefit of Connor, and thus were unable to
address its impact on this appeal. Therefore, remand is required for this issue as
well. On remand, the administrative judge should permit the parties to submit
additional evidence and argument on the penalty issue.              See Semenov,
2023 MSPB 16, ¶ 50. In reviewing the penalty, the administrative judge should
determine whether the agency proved by substantial evidence that it properly
applied the Douglas factors and whether the agency’s penalty selection was
reasonable, and, if not, he should remand the appellant’s removal to the agency
for a new decision on the appropriate penalty.       Id. (citing Connor, 8 F.4th
at 1326-27; Sayers, 954 F.3d at 1375-76, 1379).

The administrative judge should permit the parties to supplement the record on
the appellant’s EEO reprisal and disability discrimination affirmative defenses,
and he should make new findings on those claims on remand.
      The administrative judge found that the appellant failed to prove his
affirmative defenses of retaliation for prior EEO activity and discrimination based
on his disability.   ID at 8-10.   The appellant does not directly challenge the
administrative judge’s finding that he did not prove his affirmative defenses on
review. PFR File, Tab 1.
      In making his findings regarding the appellant’s affirmative defenses of
disparate treatment disability discrimination and reprisal for prior EEO activity,
the administrative judge concluded that the appellant failed to show that his
disability or his prior EEO activity was a motivating factor in his removal, and so
he failed to prove these affirmative defenses.      ID at 8-9 (citing Savage v.
Department of the Army, 122 M.S.P.R. 612, ¶¶ 48, 51 (2015), overruled by
Pridgen v. Office of Management and Budget , 2022 MSPB 31). In the period
since the administrative judge issued his initial decision, we clarified the
evidentiary standards and burdens of proof for disparate treatment disability
                                                                                  9

discrimination and EEO reprisal claims in Pridgen, 2022 MSPB 31, ¶¶ 20-25, 40,
42, 44-47. Here, the appellant alleged reprisal for his prior activity of filing an
EEO complaint in July 2017, stating that the agency discriminated against him
based on his disabilities. IAF, Tab 7 at 149-56, Tab 13 at 5, Tab 16 at 4. He also
alleged that the agency discriminated against him on the basis of his
service-connected disabilities by removing him. IAF, Tab 7 at 149-56, Tab 13
at 5, Tab 16 at 4.
      In the proceedings on remand, the administrative judge should advise the
parties of the standards set forth in Pridgen, provide them with an opportunity to
present argument and evidence, and hold a supplemental hearing on the
appellant’s affirmative defenses to permit the parties to address these standards.
He should then apply the standards set forth in Pridgen in the remand initial
decision.

On remand, the administrative judge should consider in the first instance the
appellant’s claim that he was removed in retaliation for providing assistance to
another employee with her EEO complaint as an affirmative defense under
5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(B).
      In an order summarizing the prehearing conference, the administrative
judge identified the affirmative defenses the appellant was raising as including a
claim that his removal was motivated by retaliatory animus by the agency due to
the appellant’s frequent representation of coworkers in their EEO complaints up
until May 5, 2017.    IAF, Tab 16 at 4.      Under the Whistleblower Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012, a prohibited personnel practice affirmative defense
asserted in an adverse action appeal that independently could form the basis of an
individual right of action appeal must be analyzed under the burden -shifting
scheme set forth in 5 U.S.C. § 1221(e).      Alarid v. Department of the Army,
122 M.S.P.R. 600, ¶ 12 (2015); Bryant v. Department of Veterans Affairs,
26 F.4th 1344, 1348 (Fed. Cir. 2022) (applying the same burden-shifting scheme
to whistleblower reprisal affirmative defenses in actions taken under 38 U.S.C.
§ 714). Under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(B), protected activity includes “testifying
                                                                                      10

for or otherwise lawfully assisting any individual in the exercise” of any appeal,
complaint,   or   grievance    right. 3   5   U.S.C.    § 2302(b)(9)(A)-(B);     Alarid,
122 M.S.P.R. 600, ¶ 10. Additionally, the Board has held that an appellant’s act
of assisting another employee in the EEO process constitutes protected activity
under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(B).           Marable v. Department of the Army,
52 M.S.P.R. 622, 629-30 (1992) (finding that the appellant’s actions “supporting
an EEO complaint filed by an applicant for a position with the agency”
constituted protected activity under section 2302(b)(9)(B)), superseded on other
grounds by Carney v. Department of Veterans Affairs , 121 M.S.P.R. 446 (2014);
see Viens-Koretko v. Department of Veterans Affairs , 53 M.S.P.R. 160, 163
(1992) (concluding that testifying in favor of another employee at an EEO
hearing constitutes activity protected under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(B)).
      In addition to the prehearing conference summary order, in a motion to
compel the agency’s responses to the appellant’s discovery requests filed before
the hearing, the appellant requested information from the agency concerning the
nature of his coworker’s EEO activity, noting that he needed such information to
support his affirmative defense that the agency removed him in retaliation for his
activity of advocating on EEO matters for other employees. 4 IAF, Tab 23 at 8.
3
  This is distinguishable from 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), which bars reprisal for an
appellant’s personal exercise of any appeal, complaint, or grievance right granted by
law, rule, or regulation concerning an alleged violation of section 2302(b)(8). Alarid,
122 M.S.P.R. 600, ¶ 12 n.5.
4
  At the hearing, the administrative judge denied the agency’s motion in limine
requesting that the appellant’s affirmative defense claims be excluded from the appeal,
and sustained, in part, the appellant’s motion to compel the agency’s response to its
discovery requests. HCD, track 1 at 2:00; IAF, Tabs 22-23, 25. Although the
administrative judge did not sustain the portion of the appellant’s motion that requested
information pertaining to this affirmative defense, he noted that he would permit the
witnesses to provide testimony concerning this affirmative defense, and the relevant
witnesses provided such testimony during the hearing. HCD, track 1 at 5:10 (statements
of the administrative judge on the record). Additionally, the administrative judge
admitted into the record the appellant’s prehearing submissions regarding his
affirmative defenses, over the agency’s objections. HCD, track 8 at 10:20 (statements
of the administrative judge on the record). Finally, in the initial decision, the
administrative judge ultimately considered the appellant’s other affirmative defenses
                                                                                 11

The administrative judge also granted the appellant’s requested witness who was
to provide testimony relevant to the appellant’s claim of reprisal for participating
in EEO activity on behalf of another employee, and that witness testified at the
hearing on those matters.    IAF, Tab 7 at 230-31, Tab 16 at 4; HCD, track 7
(testimony of the appellant’s coworker). Nevertheless, the administrative judge
did not address this affirmative defense in the initial decision. ID at 8-10. He
also did not set forth the appellant’s burden of proving this affirmative defense in
the prehearing conference orders, nor did the agency’s pleadings place the
appellant on notice of his burden of proving this affirmative defense.         IAF,
Tabs 16, 21; see Burgess v. Merit Systems Protection Board, 758 F.2d 641,
643-44 (Fed. Cir. 1985) (stating that the administrative judge must provide the
appellant with explicit information on what is required to establish an appealable
jurisdictional issue); see also Easterling v. U.S. Postal Service, 110 M.S.P.R. 41,
¶ 11 (2008) (stating that an administrative judge’s failure to provide an appellant
with proper Burgess notice can be cured if the agency’s pleadings contain the
notice that was lacking).
      Although the appellant has not directly challenged the administrative
judge’s failure to address this claim in his petition for review, we conclude that
he has not waived or abandoned this claim. See Thurman v. U.S. Postal Service,
2022 MSPB 21, ¶ 18 (summarizing factors to be considered when determining
whether an appellant waived or abandoned an affirmative defense, including the
clarity with which the appellant raised the affirmative defense, the degree to
which he pursued the defense after raising it, and the likelihood that the
presumptive abandonment was the product of misleading or incorrect information
provided by the agency or the Board).
      On remand, the administrative judge should provide the parties with an
opportunity to present evidence and argument, including a supplemental hearing,

that were identified in the prehearing conference summary order. IAF, Tab 16 at 3-4,
6-10; ID at 8-10.
                                                                                 12

addressing whether the agency’s use of the substantial evidence standard in the
removal decision constituted harmful error. See Semenov, 2023 MSPB 16, ¶ 24.
The administrative judge should also permit the parties to supplement the record
regarding whether the agency considered the Douglas factors in analyzing the
penalty.   Finally, the administrative judge should address the appellant’s
affirmative defenses in the remand initial decision as specified herein.

                                     ORDER
      For the reasons discussed above, we remand this case to the Atlanta
Regional Office for further adjudication in accordance with this Remand Order.

FOR THE BOARD:                         ______________________________
                                       Gina K. Grippando
                                       Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.