Court Opinion

ID: 1065063
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:19:41.087499+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:13:29.897809
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Benton, Haley and Senior Judge Coleman

AJAI KUMAR SANDHIR
                                                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v.     Record No. 2382-06-4                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                    MARCH 13, 2007
NEETA AHUJA-SANDHIR

                      FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY
                                 Jonathan C. Thacher, Judge

                 (Fred M. Rejali, on brief), for appellant.

                 (Robert G. Culin, Jr.; Culin, Sharp, Autry & Day, P.L.C., on brief),
                 for appellee.

       Ajai Kumar Sandhir (husband) appeals the trial court’s August 21, 2006 final decree of

divorce. He contends the trial court erred in (1) imputing income to him for purposes of

determining spousal support; (2) denying his request for spousal support; and (3) not allowing him

to present evidence that Neeta Ahuja-Sandhir (wife) deserted the marriage. Upon reviewing the

record and the briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we

summarily affirm the trial court’s decision. See Rule 5A:27.1

                                  I. Imputation of Income to Husband

       Appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion in imputing income of $125,000 to

him, when he had never earned more than $85,172 per year.

       *
           Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
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        We deny wife’s “Motion To Dismiss Appeal Based On Appellant’s Failure to Comply
With Rules 5A:6 and 5A:19(f).”
       Under appropriate circumstances, a trial court may impute income to a party who seeks

spousal support. Srinivasan v. Srinivasan, 10 Va. App. 728, 734, 396 S.E.2d 675, 679 (1990).

The court “must look to current circumstances and what the circumstances will be ‘within the

immediate or reasonably foreseeable future,’ not to what may happen in the future.” Id. at 735,

396 S.E.2d at 679 (quoting Young v. Young, 3 Va. App. 80, 81-82, 348 S.E.2d 46, 47 (1986)).

Unless the trial judge misapplies the legal standard or misallocates the burden of proof, the

question “‘[w]hether a person is voluntarily unemployed or underemployed is a factual

determination,’” O’Hara v. O’Hara, 45 Va. App. 788, 798, 613 S.E.2d 859, 864 (2005) (quoting

Blackburn v. Michael, 30 Va. App. 95, 102, 575 S.E.2d 780, 784 (1999)), one firmly placed

“within the [sound] discretion of the trial court . . . .” Sargent v. Sargent, 20 Va. App. 694, 704,

460 S.E.2d 596, 601 (1995). Employing the most deferential standard of appellate review, we

reverse factual findings “only if plainly wrong or not supported by credible evidence.” Budnick

v. Budnick, 42 Va. App. 823, 841, 595 S.E.2d 50, 59 (2004).

       Husband is an internal medicine physician. He has earned as much as $85,172 per year

during the marriage, but had only earned $30,000 to $32,000 in 2004 and $28,000 in 2005.

Husband lost his $85,000 per year salary in 1993, because he failed to timely renew his medical

license. Husband was unsuccessful in becoming board certified and has not attempted to become

board certified since 1996.

       Kathleen Sampeck, a vocational expert, testified that husband has at least fifteen years

experience as a physician and is licensed in Maryland and Virginia. Sampeck testified that board

certification enhances one’s credentials, but it is not required to be employed as a physician. She

testified husband had a private practice from 1997 to 2000, but in recent years has been temporarily

employed earning $50 per hour. Husband has experience in internal medicine with family practices,

occupational medicine, urgent care, working with weight loss patients, and performing immigration

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physicals. Sampeck located numerous physician positions in Virginia and Maryland “without much

effort” for which appellant would be qualified by his experience and credentials. Based on the

positions she found available and husband’s experience, Sampeck opined husband’s earning

capacity was $125,000 to $160,000 per year. She opined that the $85,000 and $73,000 husband

earned about ten years ago would be equivalent to $125,000 in income today.

        Husband testified he started a private practice during the years 1997 through 2000 but

earned no income. That practice ended due to unfavorable litigation. In more recent years, he

worked through a temporary agency to obtain employment as a physician. In 2004, he earned

$30,000 to $32,000 and, in 2005, he earned around $28,000. He derived that income working for a

temporary agency and for a physician who was reducing his practice. He testified he was

unsuccessful in negotiating to purchase the practice of the retiring physician.

        At the time of the evidentiary hearing, husband was unemployed. He testified he has

attempted to find employment by looking through advertisements, contacting individuals, and

browsing the Internet. He acknowledged having two or three interviews for full-time positions in

2004, and he testified he distributed approximately fifty resumes in 2005 and interviewed for

approximately two permanent positions. He testified he was offered a position at a medical clinic in

Maryland in the fall of 2005, but the position evaporated because “they changed their terms on the

contract” and did not “want to pay the $30,000 or $40,000 to Headhunters.”

        The trial court, as fact finder, accepted Sampeck’s testimony regarding husband’s earning

capacity. “‘It is well established that the trier of fact ascertains [an expert] witness’ credibility,

determines the weight to be given to their testimony, and has the discretion to accept or reject

any of the witness’ testimony.’” Piatt v. Piatt, 27 Va. App. 426, 434, 499 S.E.2d 567, 571 (1998)

(quoting Street v. Street, 25 Va. App. 380, 387, 488 S.E.2d 665, 668 (1997) (en banc)). In

addition to her testimony, the trial judge considered evidence of husband’s education, training, and

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experience, the lack of any physical or mental impairment preventing him from working at his full

capacity, circumstances concerning loss of his $85,000 per year job, and the quantity and quality of

his efforts to obtain a full-time permanent position. This constitutes credible evidence to support the

trial court’s finding that husband was voluntarily underemployed and that it was equitable to impute

$125,000 income to him. Accordingly, we cannot say the trial court’s decision was plainly wrong

or without evidence to support it.

                                         II. Spousal Support

       Husband contends the trial court abused its discretion in denying him an award of spousal

support from wife. Husband asserts that the trial court completely ignored the two specific

factors set forth in Code § 20-107.1(E)(2) and § 20-107.1(E)(9), in rendering its decision. He

argues the evidence was insufficient to support the denial of spousal support because wife

supported him during the marriage and has an ability to pay spousal support.

       The parties were married on February 5, 1991 and separated on October 9, 2004. They

have joint legal custody of their two minor children, with wife maintaining the primary residence

for the children. Husband and wife are physicians, and they are both in their forties and in good

health. Husband is an internist, and wife is a board certified oncologist. Wife earns approximately

$250,000 per year working full time for Kaiser Permanante.

       “‘In fixing the amount of the spousal support award, . . . the court’s ruling will not be

disturbed on appeal unless there has been a clear abuse of discretion. We will reverse the trial court

only when its decision is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.’” Moreno v. Moreno, 24
Va. App. 190, 194-95, 480 S.E.2d 792, 794 (1997) (quoting Gamble v. Gamble, 14 Va. App. 558,

574, 421 S.E.2d 635, 644 (1992)).

       Here, the record shows the trial court, having determined husband was voluntarily

underemployed and imputing an income of $125,000 per year to him, refused to award spousal

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support. The trial court heard evidence regarding the obligations, needs, and financial resources

of the parties; the standard of living during the marriage; the duration of the marriage; the

parties’ ages and physical and mental conditions; their monetary and non-monetary contributions

to the well-being of the family; the property interests of the parties; and husband’s earning

capacity and present employment opportunities. Having heard evidence on the relevant factors

contained in Code § 20-107.1(E), the trial court denied an award of spousal support to husband.

       Husband argues “[t]here is no evidence or written finding [as required by Code

§ 20-107.1(F)] which would indicate that the court has considered [the] factors [in Code

§ 20-107.1(E)(2) and (E)(9)] and there is no mention of them in the court decision.” Code

§ 20-107.1(F) provides in pertinent part as follows: “In contested cases in the circuit courts, any

order granting, reserving or denying a request for spousal support shall be accompanied by

written findings and conclusions of the court identifying the factors in subsection E which

support the court’s order.”

       We conclude that husband failed to preserve for appeal an objection to the trial court’s

failure to provide that written explanation. In endorsing the trial court’s order, husband objected

to the trial court’s denial of spousal support as follows:

               [T]he judge did not consider the parties’ standard of living and the
               fact that Defendant was being cared for by the plaintiff. This was
               also against the weight of the evidence and failed to take into
               consideration that plaintiff testified that she was not working to her
               fullest potential. Objection to denial of spousal support being
               gender bias and to the Court not allowing evidence of
               desertion/abandonment into evidence and to the limit on
               reservation of support.

       Husband did not object to the judge’s failure to comply with the provision of Code

§ 20-107.1(F). Had he done so, the trial court would have had the opportunity to explain its

ruling in order to avoid a remand. The purpose of Rule 5A:18, requiring contemporaneous

objection, is “to avoid unnecessary appeals, reversals and mistrials by allowing the trial judge to
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intelligently consider an issue and, if necessary, to take corrective action.” Campbell v.

Commonwealth, 12 Va. App. 476, 480, 405 S.E.2d 1, 2 (1991) (en banc); see also Torian v.

Torian, 38 Va. App. 167, 186-87, 562 S.E.2d 355, 364-65 (2002) (holding that, although “written

findings” are required by Code § 20-107.1(F) and the statute permits award of spousal support

for defined duration if written findings “identify the basis for the nature, amount and duration of

the award,” a general objection to entry of award for defined duration did not preserve for appeal

later objection that written explanation was insufficient).

       Because credible evidence in this record supports the trial court’s decision, we cannot

find it was plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.

                                     III. Evidence of Desertion

       Husband contends the trial court erred in refusing to allow him to introduce evidence that

wife deserted him as relevant to determining whether to award spousal support.

       The record shows that while husband noted an objection on the final divorce decree “to

the Court not allowing evidence of desertion/abandonment,” he failed to make any objection

during trial at the time the evidence was allegedly offered and the trial court made its ruling. The

record indicates that, when husband’s counsel asked husband if he did everything he could to

save the marriage, the trial court asked counsel how the evidence was relevant. After a colloquy

between counsel and the court, husband’s counsel stated, “I’ll withdraw that question.” Husband

did not argue to the trial court at the time the evidence was offered that he should be permitted to

introduce evidence of wife’s alleged desertion because it was relevant to a spousal support

determination.

       The Court of Appeals will not consider a claim of trial court error as a ground for reversal

“where no timely objection was made, except to attain the ends of justice.” Marshall v.

Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 627, 636, 496 S.E.2d 120, 125 (1998) (citing Rule 5A:18). “To be

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timely, an objection must be made when the occasion arises -- at the time the evidence is offered

or the statement made.” Marlowe v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 619, 621, 347 S.E.2d 167, 168

(1986). Because the objection noted on the final decree was not timely, Rule 5A:18 bars our

consideration of this issue on appeal. In addition, “[t]he Court of Appeals will not consider an

argument on appeal which was not presented to the trial court.” Ohree v. Commonwealth, 26
Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d 484, 488 (1998). The record does not support application of

exceptions for good cause or to meet the ends of justice. Edwards v. Commonwealth, 41
Va. App. 752, 761, 589 S.E.2d 444, 448 (2003) (en banc).

       For these reasons, we summarily affirm the trial court’s decision.

                                                                                         Affirmed.

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