Court Opinion

ID: 9494152
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-05 15:30:42.486535+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:56:14.961464
License: Public Domain

PAEZ, Circuit Judge,
concurring:
I concur in all of Judge Ferguson’s opinion except for his conclusion in Part III.A. that we should not resolve the standard of review for curtilage determinations at this time.
I also concur in Part III.A. of Judge Kozinski’s opinion because I agree that the appropriate standard of review for curtilage determinations is de novo in light of Ornelas v. United States, 517 U.S. 690, 116 S.Ct. 1657, 134 L.Ed.2d 911 (1996). Here, however, the district court did not make a curtilage determination. Even under a de novo standard, it is appropriate for the district court to rule on the issue in the first instance. We can then review the district court’s determination unencumbered by any speculation of what the district court intended by its failure to explicitly address the issue or whether the record is complete. Accordingly, I agree with Judge Ferguson that we should remand to the district court for a determination of curtilage.