Court Opinion

ID: 4028209
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-08-24 22:00:50.565153+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:45:07.739616
License: Public Domain

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
                       To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

                      United States Court of Appeals
                                          For the Seventh Circuit
                                          Chicago, Illinois 60604

                                         Argued February 19, 2016
                                         Decided August 24, 2016

                                                     Before

                            DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge

                            ILANA D. ROVNER, Circuit Judge

                            JOHN ROBERT BLAKEY, District Judge *

No. 15-1865

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                                    Appeal from the United States District
     Plaintiff-Appellee,                                     Court for the Western District of
                                                             Wisconsin.
           v.
                                                             No. 13-CR-83
JOHN E. HENRICKS, III,
     Defendant-Appellant.                                    Barbara B. Crabb,
                                                             Judge.

                                                   ORDER

       John Henricks, III pleaded guilty to one count of mail fraud. The district court
sentenced him to 121 months’ imprisonment and ordered him to pay $1.3 million in
restitution to his victims. After willfully failing to pay the restitution, the district court
resentenced him under 18 U.S.C. § 3614 to 151 months’ imprisonment. Henricks appeals
his resentencing, but because the district court did not clearly err either in finding that

*   Hon. John Robert Blakey, District Judge, Northern District of Illinois, sitting by designation.
No. 15-1865                                                                          Page 2

Henricks’s failure to pay restitution was willful or in resentencing Henricks while he
was in custody, we affirm.

                                      I. Background

        Henricks used his towing businesses, auto body shop, and recreational vehicle
dealership to defraud insurance companies by filing numerous fraudulent claims. He
was charged with three counts of mail fraud and one count of identity theft in
connection with mail fraud. On August 14, 2013, he pleaded guilty to one count of mail
fraud. The plea agreement required him to begin making restitution immediately. It
also conditioned acceptance of responsibility on his restitution efforts, including efforts
to liquidate his extensive assets. The revised presentence report calculated the intended
loss to Henricks’s victims at slightly over $1.3 million. It put Henricks’s net worth at
over $1.3 million and the amount of restitution owed at $1,306,608.72. Henricks did not
contest these calculations.

        Henricks did not begin paying restitution immediately as required by the plea
agreement. Instead, his efforts were directed at hiding assets. He missed the deadline
for providing a financial statement to the government. When he finally submitted a
statement, it contained several discrepancies and omissions. He hid several expensive
assets, such as snowmobiles, a trailer, and a motorboat. He sold assets and failed to
disclose the proceeds. He set up a new auto body business in his wife’s name and began
using it and a shady tool dealer to launder encumbered tools from his old business. He
lied to the bank to get a business loan for the new auto body shop. He tried to sell his
home in Rhinelander, Wisconsin to his daughter below its market value. And, he ran up
$82,000 in credit card debt with his wife in anticipation of a future bankruptcy petition.
This all occurred before Henricks was first sentenced.

        Thus, when Henricks was first sentenced on January 9, 2014, the court noted his
efforts to avoid paying restitution and denied him the reduction for acceptance of
responsibility. Henricks’s guideline range was 121 to 151 months’ imprisonment. The
district court sentenced him to 121 months and ordered him to pay $1,306,608.72 in
restitution. The district court directed him to liquidate nonexempt assets and to make a
payment of $150,000 in 90 days and another payment of $350,000 by January 4, 2015,
giving him nearly a year from his sentencing to make the second payment. The court
allowed Henricks to remain on pretrial release until March 11, 2014, when he was to
report to prison.
No. 15-1865                                                                                      Page 3

        On January 22, 2014, Henricks’s wife filed for divorce, purportedly because she
could no longer put up with his financial irresponsibility. On February 12, 2014, the
district court revoked Henricks’s pretrial release and ordered him detained because he
was caught lying to a credit union in an attempt to obtain a new loan. Henricks was
sent to the Federal Prison Camp in Duluth, Minnesota. While in prison, Henricks
communicated with his wife via telephone calls and emails. Those communications
showed that Henricks participated with his wife in the disposition of their assets. They
also show that the divorce proceedings—begun after defendant was originally
sentenced—were a ruse to protect the couple’s assets from collection. The proposed
marital settlement agreement filed with the divorce court confirmed this. Henricks was
allocated low-value assets, fictional assets, negative value assets, and assets that had
already been turned over to creditors or sold. Combined, the assets allocated to
Henricks were worth minus $93,000. Add to that the more than $1.6 million in marital
debt allocated to Henricks, and he was left with a debt of more than $1.76 million, not
counting the $1.3 million he owes in restitution. Henricks’s wife, on the other hand, was
allocated $167,000 in marital assets, including a $18,537 federal tax refund. (She had
previously spent the couple’s $8,000 state tax refund.) In addition, she was allocated the
new home in Amherst Junction, Wisconsin and the new auto body business. The only
debt she was allocated was that pertaining to the new home and auto body business,
roughly $220,000.

       What’s more, the tool dealer through whom Henricks laundered his tools from
his old business gave the new auto body business $13,110.52 worth of new tools and
$1,000 per week for an unspecified number of weeks in exchange for only $1,490.10.
This activity began four months before Henricks was first sentenced, but continued
until August 2014, roughly eight months after he was sentenced. Henricks and his wife
also received $1,200 per month from renting the couple’s former home in Rhinelander.
Henricks’s wife admitted to spending this income so that none of the rent proceeds
were used to pay restitution or even the mortgage on the property. 1

      Henricks’s restitution payment of $150,000, which was due on April 9, 2014,
became delinquent on May 9, 2014. It was in default 90 days later, on August 7, 2014.
The government moved to resentence Henricks on November 7, 2014. By that time,
Henricks had made only two restitution payments of $25 each. By the time the court

1
 Henricks asserts that it is a matter of common sense that when a party owns real property, the party
must pay some costs to keep and maintain the property. Henricks, however, falls short of asserting that
he or his wife actually paid any expenses to keep or maintain their Rhinelander property.
No. 15-1865                                                                           Page 4

resentenced Henricks over five months later, he had paid only $1,456.84 in restitution.
Despite Henricks’s supposed destitution, Henricks’s wife deposited $3,750 into his
inmate commissary account prior to his resentencing.

        On April 16, 2015, the district court resentenced Henricks under 18 U.S.C. § 3614.
It found Henricks in default and resentenced him to 151 months, the top of his
guideline range. The district court found that Henricks willfully disregarded his
restitution obligation, and that he and his wife worked together to conceal or shelter
assets and use funds for their own purposes that should have been paid to his victims.
The district court specifically identified the sham divorce’s inequitable division of
assets, the failure to relinquish the rental proceeds and the state and federal tax refunds,
the laundering of the auto body shop tools, and the concealment of an expensive piece
of shop equipment that was disclosed for the first time at the resentencing hearing. In
addition to the statutory purposes of sentencing, the district court found that the 151-
month sentence would deter Henricks from continuing to obstruct the government’s
efforts to obtain restitution and deter others from engaging in similar obstruction of
justice.

                                       II. Discussion

        We review factual findings at sentencing for clear error. United States v. Berry, 583
F.3d 1032, 1034 (7th Cir. 2009). This includes a court’s finding that a defendant willfully
failed to pay restitution. United States v. Johnson, 595 F.3d 292, 295 (6th Cir. 2010). We
reverse “only if after reviewing the entire record, we are left with the firm and definite
conviction that a mistake has been made.” United States v. Marty, 450 F.3d 687, 689 (7th
Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks omitted).

       A district court may resentence a defendant who “knowingly fails to pay a
delinquent fine or restitution.” 18 U.S.C. § 3614(a). “[T]he court may resentence the
defendant to any sentence which might originally have been imposed.” Id. To
resentence a defendant to a term of imprisonment, the court must first determine that

       (1) the defendant willfully refused to pay the delinquent fine or had failed
       to make sufficient bona fide efforts to pay the fine; or (2) in light of the
       nature of the offense and the characteristics of the person, alternatives to
       imprisonment are not adequate to serve the purposes of punishment and
       deterrence.
No. 15-1865                                                                           Page 5

18 U.S.C. § 3614(b). Indigency, by itself, is an insufficient reason for resentencing a
defendant to a term of imprisonment. 18 U.S.C. § 3614(c).

        Henricks argues that the district court clearly erred in finding that he willfully
failed to pay restitution immediately after sentencing and when he was incarcerated.
Specifically, he argues that the district court clearly erred because either his assets have
no real value or he has no control over the assets. For example, he claims he has no
control over his federal tax refund because it is in his wife’s lawyer’s trust account.
After a review of the entire record, however, we are not “left with the firm and definite
conviction that a mistake has been made.” Marty, 450 F.3d at 689 (internal quotation
marks omitted). While many of Henricks’s assets were encumbered, he still had assets
of significant worth. More than twice as much was put into his inmate commissary
account as was paid toward restitution. The bulk of what Henricks paid toward
restitution, $986, he only paid in the week before resentencing. Henricks was not
resentenced for failing to make his first $150,000 payment, but for doing his best not to
pay it. Furthermore, the communications with his wife while in prison demonstrate that
he still had some control over his assets even though he was incarcerated.

        Henricks also argues that the district court clearly erred by basing its willfulness
finding primarily on facts that occurred prior to the original sentencing, for which he
was already denied a reduction for acceptance of responsibility. His argument is not
accurate. The district court specifically mentioned the divorce proceedings, the
withholding of the rental proceeds and the tax returns, the tool laundering, and the
failure to disclose an expensive piece of shop equipment until the resentencing hearing.
The divorce proceedings began after his original sentencing. Much of the tool
laundering, which included weekly payments of $1,000, occurred after his original
sentencing. Henricks’s wife spent the state tax refund after he reported to prison, and
the federal refund remained in his wife’s possession at the time of the resentencing
hearing. Although some of the rental proceeds were received shortly before Henricks
was first sentenced, others were not. As for the expensive piece of shop equipment that
Henricks failed to disclose before the resentencing hearing, it should be obvious that the
district court did not factor it into the original sentence.

        Lastly, Henricks argues that the district court erred by resentencing him under 18
U.S.C. § 3614 because he was already in custody. Henricks contends that § 3614 should
be limited to cases where the defendant is on probation or supervised release because
that is the statute’s primary purpose. Henricks relies on Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660
(1983), from which § 3614 was codified. See United States v. Payan, 992 F.2d 1387, 1397
No. 15-1865                                                                           Page 6

(5th Cir. 1993). In Bearden, the defendant’s probation was revoked because he could not
pay his $500 fine and $250 restitution payment. He could not pay because he could not
get a job, only having a ninth-grade education and not being able to read. Bearden, 461
U.S. at 662–63. Bearden held that it was a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment for the
sentencing court to revoke the defendant’s probation solely for his inability to pay the
fine or restitution, without finding that he was responsible for the failure or that
alternatives were inadequate to punish or deter. Id. at 672–74.

       Henricks’s argument is without merit. It does not follow that because Bearden
dealt with the revocation of probation, 18 U.S.C. § 3614 is therefore limited to cases of
probation and supervised release. Section 3614 may have been an effort to codify
Bearden, but that does not mean that it is limited to the facts of Bearden. Nothing in the
statute’s language supports Henricks’s argument. Moreover, Bearden is clearly
distinguishable: There, the defendant was clearly indigent because he had neither
income nor assets, while here that is not the case. Bearden, 461 U.S. at 663.

                                      III. Conclusion

       The district court did not clearly err either in finding that Henricks’s failure to
pay restitution was willful or in resentencing Henricks while he was in custody.
Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment and conviction order of the district court.