Court Opinion

ID: 6215942
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-08 16:00:24.627374+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:57:06.698695
License: Public Domain

21-289-cv
LeChase Construction v. Escobar Construction

                                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                      FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                          SUMMARY ORDER
        Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary
order filed on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of
Appellate Procedure 32.1 and this Court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in
a document filed with this Court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an
electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order
must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by counsel.

       At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York,
on the 8th day of February, two thousand twenty-two.

PRESENT:            JOSÉ A. CABRANES,
                    GERALD E. LYNCH,
                    DENNY CHIN,
                                 Circuit Judges.

LECHASE CONSTRUCTION SERVICES LLC,

                              Plaintiff-Counter-Defendant-Appellee,      21-289-cv

                              v.

ESCOBAR CONSTRUCTION, INC.,

                              Defendant-Counter-Claimant-Appellant,

                              v.

LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,

                              Counter-Defendant. *

     *
         The Clerk of the Court is directed to amend the caption as set forth above.

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FOR PLAINTIFF-COUNTER-
DEFENDANT-APPELLEE:                                       Matthew D. Holmes, John W. Dreste,
                                                          Ernstrom & Dreste, LLP, Rochester, NY.

FOR DEFENDANT-COUNTER-
CLAIMANT-APPELLANT:                                       Scott H. Bernstein, Skolnick Legal Group,
                                                          P.C., New York, NY.

        Appeal from an order and judgment of the United States District Court for the Northern
District of New York (Glenn T. Suddaby, Chief Judge).

       UPON DUE CONSIDERATION WHEREOF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,
ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the order and judgment of the District Court be and hereby
are AFFIRMED.

        LeChase Construction Services, LLC (“LeChase”), brought this action against Escobar
Construction, Inc. (“Escobar”), its subcontractor, alleging that Escobar breached its subcontract to
perform drywall work at a Cornell University student housing facility in Ithaca. Escobar
counterclaimed, alleging LeChase failed to pay under the subcontract. The District Court on July 1,
2019, granted LeChase’s motion to dismiss Escobar’s counterclaims pursuant to Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 12(c), and on December 16, 2019, denied Escobar’s motion for reconsideration. On
February 10, 2020, pointing to Escobar’s discovery failures, LeChase moved to strike Escobar’s
answer and for entry of default judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(b)(2).
Despite three extensions of time, Escobar did not respond. On September 28, 2020, the District
Court granted LeChase’s motion, and on January 14, 2021, it entered judgment for LeChase. We
assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the
issues on appeal.

         The District Court did not abuse its discretion by entering a default judgment against
Escobar. See Guggenheim Cap., LLC v. Birnbaum, 722 F.3d 444, 451 (2d Cir. 2013) (“We generally
review an entry of a default judgment [under Rule 37(b)(2)(A)(iv)] for abuse of discretion.”). The
District Court properly considered the applicable factors, which include “(1) the willfulness of the
non-compliant party or the reason for noncompliance; (2) the efficacy of lesser sanctions; (3) the
duration of the period of noncompliance; and (4) whether the non-compliant party had been warned
of the consequences of noncompliance.” Funk v. Belneftekhim, 861 F.3d 354, 366 (2d Cir. 2017)
(citation and brackets omitted). Escobar asserts only a lack of prior warning. But between the two
text orders stating that it had violated discovery mandates, and LeChase’s motion for default
judgment, which explicitly requested the very sanctions the District Court ultimate imposed,
Escobar “cannot credibly argue that [it] was not sufficiently warned that serious sanctions were
imminent.” Guggenheim Cap., 722 F.3d at 452–53 (affirming a default judgment sanction under
similar circumstances).

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        We cannot consider Escobar’s arguments regarding his counterclaims. “When a district
court enters a final judgment in a case, interlocutory orders rendered in the case typically merge with
the judgment for purposes of appellate review.” Shannon v. Gen. Elec. Co., 186 F.3d 186, 192 (2d Cir.
1999). Here, however, where default judgment was ordered “to punish a recalcitrant or evasive
party,” In re Gravel, 6 F.4th 503, 515 (2d Cir. 2021) (describing the purpose of Rule 37), “adherence
to the merger rule would reward [Escobar] for dilatory and bad faith tactics.” Shannon, 186 F.3d at
192 (citation and alternations omitted). Accordingly, the District Court’s rulings with respect to
Escobar’s counterclaims do not merge with the judgment, and “we lack jurisdiction to consider
[them].” Id. at 193.

        We have reviewed all of the arguments raised by Escobar on appeal and find them to be
without merit. For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the January 8, 2021, order and January 14,
2021, judgment of the District Court.

                                                       FOR THE COURT:
                                                       Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court

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