Court Opinion

ID: 2725885
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 20:55:29.481527+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:26:58.194014
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                      Dec 26 2013, 5:22 am
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                                ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

JONATHAN R. DEENIK                                      NATHANIEL LEE, ESQ.
MONTY K. WOOLSEY                                        CARI L. SHEEHAN, ESQ.
Cross, Pennamped, Woolsey & Glazier, P.C.               Lee & Fairman, LLP
Carmel, Indiana                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

DONYEL PERRY,                                      )
                                                   )
       Appellant-Petitioner,                       )
                                                   )
               vs.                                 )   No. 49A02-1304-DR-385
                                                   )
TRACY PERRY,                                       )
                                                   )
       Appellee-Respondent.                        )

                      APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT
                           The Honorable Thomas J. Carroll, Judge
                        The Honorable Christopher B. Haile, Magistrate
                              Cause No. 49D06-9307-DR-1318

                                        December 26, 2013

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

BAILEY, Judge
                                              Case Summary

        Donyel Perry (“Father”) appeals the trial court’s denial of his Indiana Trial Rule 60(B)

motion to set aside an order requiring him to pay Tracy Perry (“Mother”) for educational and

orthodontic expenses incurred by D.P. (“Child”).

        We affirm.

                                                    Issues

        Father presents several issues for our review, which we restate as whether the trial

court abused its discretion when, in response to his motion to set aside the court’s order, the

court denied the motion and reaffirmed:

             1. Its award of post-secondary education expenses incurred by Child;1 and

             2. Its prior award of orthodontic expenses incurred by Child.

                                    Facts and Procedural History

        Father and Mother were married; the union resulted in the birth of Child in December

1992. In 1993, Mother filed an action for dissolution of the marriage. The marriage was

dissolved on May 5, 1994. In the dissolution decree, Father was ordered to pay child support

of $90.00 per week. Mother was ordered to maintain medical and dental insurance for Child,

and Mother and Father were each ordered to pay one-half of all uninsured medical expenses

1
 Father also argues that the trial court erred when it concluded sua sponte that Indiana Code section 36-16-6-6,
as amended through July 1, 2012, was unconstitutional, thereby precluding Father from presenting argument
on that issue. We avoid constitutional questions where statutory construction may resolve an issue, unless
reaching such questions is necessary to the determination of a case. Ind. Wholesale Wine & Liquor Co. v.
State ex rel. Ind. Alcoholic Beverage Comm’n, 695 N.E.2d 99, 106-107 (Ind. 1998). Our statutory analysis
and conclusion on the question of post-secondary education expenses, infra, obviates the need to address
Father’s argument regarding the trial court’s assessment of the statute’s constitutionality. We therefore decline
to reach that issue today.

                                                       2
incurred by Child. The dissolution decree did not address obligations for any educational

expenses.

        In subsequent years, Father on several occasions fell into arrears on his child support

obligations. On June 1, 2005, the court found Father to be in arrears on child support totaling

$12,413.44. Father’s support obligation was therefore increased to a weekly assessment of

$110.00.

        In December 2011, Child reached nineteen years of age. On July 6, 2012, Mother

filed her Verified Motion for Educational Needs and for Reimbursement of Prior Educational

Expenses and Request for Attorney Fees (“Motion for Educational Expenses”). In that

motion, Mother noted that Father had not contributed to any of Child’s expenses associated

with university attendance or for orthodontic care and other medical expenses incurred while

Child was a minor.2 The Motion for Educational Expenses itemized the costs incurred for

Child’s university attendance and specified medical and dental costs incurred. Mother

therefore requested a hearing to establish an educational support order and to obtain

reimbursement of dental and medical expenses.

        On November 14, 2012, Mother filed a motion to compel discovery from Father; the

trial court granted this motion, and ordered Father to respond to Mother’s discovery requests

by November 26, 2012, a date on which the parties were scheduled to appear for a hearing on

Mother’s Motion for Educational Expenses.

2
 Mother also noted other costs she had incurred on Child’s behalf, including purchase of a car and paying for a
high school graduation party.

                                                      3
       Mother appeared at the November 26, 2012 hearing; Father did not. The same day,

Mother filed a Motion for Contempt for Non-Payment of Child Support (“First Motion for

Contempt”). In that motion, Mother alleged that Father’s child support arrearage totaled

$33,960.00, and sought a hearing during which Father would be required to show cause for

why he should not be held in contempt of court.

       Subsequent to the hearing, On November 27, 2012, the trial court entered an order

finding Father in contempt of court for failing to pay the uninsured medical and dental

expenses incurred by Child and for failing to respond to Mother’s discovery requests; the

court ordered Father to pay $4,888.57 related to these expenses. The court also ordered

Father to pay half of Child’s post-secondary educational expenses, less any scholarships and

financial aid obtained by Child, for the 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015 academic

years, contingent upon Child’s maintaining a 2.5 grade-point average (“GPA”). This order

included specific instruction that Father pay $12,803.00 for Child’s Spring 2013 educational

expenses. Finally, Father was instructed to pay $1,000 in attorney’s fees related to the trial

court’s entry of the order finding him in contempt of court.

       On November 30, 2012, the trial court ordered Father to appear for a hearing on

January 28, 2013, regarding the First Motion for Contempt related to Father’s alleged child

support arrearage.

       On January 10, 2013, Mother filed a second motion for contempt (“Second Motion for

Contempt”). The Second Motion for Contempt alleged that Father had failed to pay any of

the amounts assessed in the November 27, 2012 order.

                                              4
       On January 17, 2013, Father filed a verified motion under Trial Rule 60(B), which

sought to set aside the trial court’s order of November 27, 2012. In his motion, Father

alleged that the trial court’s assessment of orthodontic and post-secondary educational

expenses and attorney’s fees against him was void. Father also filed a motion to dismiss

Mother’s motions for contempt.

       On April 10, 2013, the trial court entered an order disposing of Mother’s First and

Second Motions for Contempt, Fathers’ motion to set aside the November 27, 2012 order,

and Father’s motion to dismiss. In the order, the trial court rejected Father’s argument that

the assessment of post-secondary educational expenses was void due to revisions to Indiana

statutes that became effective on July 1, 2012, which reduced the statutory age of

emancipation of a child from twenty-one to nineteen years. See Ind. Code § 36-16-6-6(a). In

denying Father’s motion, the court reaffirmed its order requiring Mother and Father each to

bear half the cost, less financial aid, of Child’s post-secondary education for the 2013-2014

and 2014-2015 school years. The court agreed with Father that the November 27, 2012 order

mischaracterized the nature of Father’s obligation to pay child support due to Child’s having

become emancipated, and consequently re-characterized that obligation as a debt rather than

as an order pursuant to which Father could be held in contempt of court. The court left the

award in place in all other respects. The court found Father in arrears on child support

totaling $15,862.68, and entered judgment against him and for Mother in that amount. The

court also entered judgment for Mother and against father for orthodontic and educational

                                             5
expenses totaling $17,691.57. Finally, the court left in place its assessment of attorney’s fees

totaling $1,000, and entered judgment in favor of Mother’s counsel and against Father.

       This appeal ensued.

                                   Discussion and Decision

                                      Standard of Review

       Father appeals the trial court’s order on his motion to set aside a judgment under Trial

Rule 60(B), specifically arguing that the trial court’s order was void to the extent it

establishes a post-secondary educational support obligation. We review a trial court’s order

under Rule 60(B) for an abuse of discretion. In re Adoption of C.B.M., 992 N.E.2d 687, 691

(Ind. 2013). A trial court abuses its discretion when its decision is against the logic and

effect of the facts and circumstances before it, or when the decision is contrary to law. Van

Wieren v. Van Wieren, 858 N.E.2d 216, 223 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006).

       Underlying the trial court’s ruling on Father’s Rule 60(B) motion is the order Father

sought to be set aside. Father challenges on appeal the trial court’s order that he pay post-

secondary educational expenses for Child and costs associated with Child’s orthodontic care.

As with other determinations of child support obligations, we review orders concerning post-

secondary educational costs and medical expenses for an abuse of discretion. Cubel v.

Cubel, 876 N.E.2d 1117, 1119 (Ind. 2007).

                                  Post-Secondary Expenses

       We turn first to Father’s challenge to the trial court’s decision not to set aside its order

requiring Father to pay half of Child’s post-secondary educational expenses. Father argues

                                                6
on appeal that the trial court abused its discretion when it denied his motion to set aside its

order that he pay those expenses, because the underlying order was void as a result of

legislative revisions to the statutes governing child support and post-secondary educational

expenses.

       As of 2013, Indiana Code chapter 31-16-6 governs the duty of parents to provide child

support after the dissolution of a marriage and in cases establishing paternity. P.L. 207-2013

§ 44. In 2012, this chapter applied only to child support related to the dissolution of

marriage. At that time, the Indiana Code was amended by our legislature to reduce the age at

which the duty to pay child support terminates from age twenty-one to age nineteen, except in

certain circumstances not applicable to the present case. Ind. Code § 31-16-6-6(a); P.L. 111-

2012 § 2.

       Also in 2012, the legislature amended Section 31-14-11-18, which governs support

obligations of parents in paternity cases. P.L. 111-2012 § 1. As amended, Section 31-14-11-

18 provided, except under certain circumstances, for termination at age nineteen of the child

support obligations of a parent subsequent to a trial court’s order establishing that

individual’s paternity. I.C. § 31-11-11-18(a). Section 31-14-11-18 went on to provide, “[a]

child who is receiving child support under an order issued before July 1, 2012, may file a

petition for educational needs until the child becomes twenty-one (21) years of age.” I.C. §

31-14-11-18(b).

       The 2012 amendments to Section 31-16-6-6, governing child support after dissolution

of marriage, did not include a parallel provision regarding the time in which a custodial

                                              7
parent or child could seek post-secondary educational support. The 2012 amendments to

Sections 31-14-11-18 and 31-16-6-6 became effective July 1, 2012.

       In 2013, the legislature again amended the child support statutes. As noted above, the

legislature repealed Section 31-14-11-18, instead consolidating into Chapter 31-16-6 the

provisions governing modification of child support obligations applicable to both marital

dissolution and paternity actions. The legislature also amended Section 31-16-6-6 to add the

following provision:

       If a court has established a duty to support a child in a court order issued
       before July 1, 2012, the:

       (1) parent or guardian of the child; or

       (2) child;

       may file a petition for educational needs until the child becomes twenty-one
       (21) years of age.

I.C. § 31-16-6-6(c). This provision was made retroactively effective to July 1, 2012. P.L.

207-2013 § 45.

       One consequence of these changes in the law was ensuing litigation filed by non-

custodial parents seeking to terminate child support obligations, and by custodial parents

seeking to establish post-secondary educational obligations. See Toradze v. Toradze, 993

N.E.2d 271 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013) (affirming denial of non-custodial father’s motion to dismiss

for lack of jurisdiction custodial mother’s petition for post-secondary educational support);

Littke v. Littke, 992 N.E.2d 894 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013) (reversing dismissal of a petition for

post-secondary educational expenses where non-custodial mother sought to terminate

                                                 8
support, and custodial father sought post-secondary educational expenses). The case now

before us is also a product of the statutory changes, though here Father claims that the trial

court’s order that he provide post-secondary educational support was void because it was an

ultra vires act.

       Here, after Child reached her nineteenth birthday and after the July 1, 2012, effective

date of the 2012 amendments to Section 31-16-6-6, Mother sought an order requiring Father

to pay part of Child’s post-secondary educational expenses. On November 27, 2012, the trial

court entered an order establishing such support. Father did not comply and instead filed his

motion to set aside the order, contending that it was void in light of the language of the

statute at the time the order was entered. Throughout the remainder of the trial court-level

proceedings, Section 31-16-6-6 as modified by the 2012 amendments remained in effect.

Reviewing the discrepancy between Section 31-16-6-6’s lack of provision for a process to

petition for post-secondary educational support and Section 31-14-11-18’s provision for such

a process, the trial court found that the intent of the legislature was not to afford divergent

treatment to children of dissolved marriages versus children whose right to support arose

from paternity actions. Accordingly, and in light of the court’s conclusion that such a

distinction is unconstitutional, on April 10, 2013, the court reaffirmed its order of educational

support.

        On May 9, 2013, during the pendency of this appeal—indeed, before either party

submitted briefing to this Court—the 2013 amendments to Section 31-16-6-6 were enacted,

retroactively effective to July 1, 2012 as a result of the legislature’s declaration of an

                                               9
emergency as to the need for the provisions of Public Law 207-2013. See P.L. 207-2013 §

53.

       Also during the pendency of this appeal, other panels of this Court have addressed the

effect of the retroactive amendments to Section 31-16-6-6. In Littke, this Court applied the

amendments retroactively to reverse a trial court’s order dismissing a petition for post-

secondary educational expenses where the circumstances of the custodial parent’s petition

satisfied the requirements of Subsection 31-16-6-6(c). Littke, 992 N.E.2d at 898-99. In

Toradze, we affirmed a trial court’s denial of a motion to dismiss a petition for post-

secondary educational expenses, where the circumstances of the petition satisfied the

requirements of Subsection 31-16-6-6(c). Toradze, 993 N.E.2d at 273, 274. In each case, the

petition and the trial court’s disposition of the motion to dismiss occurred after the enactment

of the 2012 amendments, but before the enactment of the 2013 amendments.

       Littke and Toradze were each handed down by this Court during the pendency of

Father’s appeal—after his appellant’s brief was submitted but before Mother submitted her

brief—and Father and Mother both address these cases in their briefs. Mother contends that

her case falls within the holdings of Littke and Toradze. Father contends that these cases

stand only for the proposition that a trial court could adjudicate these petitions, but that they

are otherwise inapposite here, where both of the trial court’s orders establishing a post-

secondary educational support obligation were entered before the retroactive amendments to

Section 31-16-6-6. Because the trial court’s educational support order was entered before the

2013 amendments were passed, Father argues, the order was void and should be reversed.

                                               10
         Yet it is clear that the trial court’s decision to apply the provisions of then-effective

Section 31-14-11-18 in an analogous situation under the 2012 revision of Section 31-16-6-6

was precisely the result the legislature intended by enacting the 2013 amendments to Section

31-16-6-6. As we have already noted, the legislature expressly intended its changes to apply

retroactively to July 1, 2012. While we recognize Father’s argument that public policy

purposes militate against retroactive application of the statute in his—and presumably

other—cases, the public policy judgment of our legislature was to prescribe the application of

the 2013 amendments to Section 31-16-6-6 to prior cases.3 Thus, we cannot say that the trial

court abused its discretion when it denied Father’s motion to set aside the judgment.

                                              Orthodontic Costs

         We turn to Father’s other issue on appeal, whether the trial court abused its discretion

when it reaffirmed its November 27, 2012 order that Father pay half of Child’s orthodontic

costs.

         Our statutes provide that a trial court may, within the scope of a child support or

educational support order, include “special medical, hospital, or dental expenses necessary to

serve the best interests of the child.” I.C. § 31-16-6-2(a)(2). Father directs us to this Court’s

prior interpretation of this statutory provision in Glick v. Lawmaster, 648 N.E.2d 370 (Ind.

Ct. App. 1995), and argues that Glick precluded the trial court from ordering him to pay for

orthodontic expenses incurred by Child. Father also argues that the trial court’s order

3
 Father refers in his brief to scheduling conflicts and failure of previously-retained counsel to notify him of or
appear at the November 27, 2012 hearing. He does so within the scope of his public policy argument and not
as a basis for otherwise challenging the validity of the trial court’s order, and directs us to no authority for the
proposition that such circumstances affect the trial court’s interpretation of the child support statutes.

                                                        11
amounts to a retroactive modification of a support order, which is ordinarily barred. See

Carter v. Dayhuff, 829 N.E.2d 560, 567-68 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005).

       Here, the trial court concluded that the provisions of the dissolution order included a

requirement that Father pay orthodontic expenses, and Father challenges that determination.

Father’s Trial Rule 60(B)(6) motion was filed on January 17, 2013—more than thirty days

after the entry of the November 27, 2012 order requiring that he pay orthodontic expenses.

Father does not, however, contend that the order of November 27, 2012, was void on that

matter; rather, he argues that the trial court erred on a matter of law in reaching its decision.

       That is, Father’s challenge to the portion of the November 27, 2012 order that requires

payment of orthodontic expenses is properly characterized as a motion to correct error—not

as a motion to set aside a void judgment. Trial Rule 59 provides that a party may seek to

correct error by filing a motion within thirty days of the challenged judgment. Yet the more

than thirty-day span of time between the November 27, 2012 order and Father’s motion

challenging the award of orthodontic expenses falls outside the period of time during which a

party may seek to correct error. Father’s challenge to the order to pay orthodontic expenses

through his motion to set aside the order was thus waived. We accordingly affirm the trial

court’s denial of Father’s motion as to the assessment of orthodontic expenses.

                                          Conclusion

       The trial court’s decision ordering Father to pay post-secondary educational expenses

is consistent with our legislature’s retroactive amendment of the child support statutes.

Father’s challenge to the trial court’s order that he pay orthodontic expenses was waived.

                                               12
     Affirmed.

FRIEDLANDER, J., and KIRSCH, J., concur.

                                     13