Court Opinion

ID: 6084150
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-13 19:09:02.415102+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:53:20.406081
License: Public Domain

Scudder, J.
(concurring). I agree with the conclusion of the majority that Supreme Court erred in granting the petition *877seeking a writ of habeas corpus. However, I disagree with the analysis of the majority in reaching that conclusion. I note at the outset that the majority does not address the court’s determination that the finding of the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) is not supported by the requisite “residuum of legal evidence” (Matter of Hilbourne v Rodriguez, 155 AD2d 917, 917). Although I disagree with Supreme Court that the determination of the ALJ is not supported by a residuum of legal evidence, in my view the court properly determined that the burden of proof in a parole revocation proceeding “is not satisfied unless there is a residuum of legal evidence to support a finding of guilt” (Matter of Hilbourne v Rodriguez, supra at 917).* I further conclude that the requisite residuum of legal evidence to support the finding of guilt was provided by the testimony of the witnesses for the Division of Parole concerning their observations of the bruise on the victim’s face and the testimony of the victim that those witnesses and their reports are consistent with the version of the incident that she related to them on the night of the incident. That evidence is supported by admissible hearsay evidence (see generally, People ex rel. Brazeau v McLaughlin, 233 AD2d 724, 725-726, lv denied 89 NY2d 810).
The majority concludes that “the determination of the Division of Parole that relator violated the conditions of his parole is supported by substantial evidence,” relying upon our cases utilizing that standard (Matter of Westcott v New York State Bd. of Parole, 256 AD2d 1179, 1180; Matter of Castro v Russi, 216 AD2d 968, lv denied 86 NY2d 711). Insofar as the term “substantial” is used as an adjective to describe whether there is sufficient evidence to support the ALJ’s determination that the Division of Parole proved by a preponderance of the evidence that relator violated a condition of his parole, then I submit that the majority applied the proper standard. “Substantial evidence” is the standard of proof required in most administrative proceedings (see, State Administrative Procedure Act § 306 [1]) and the standard to review a determination made as a result of an administrative hearing (see, CPLR 7803 *878[4]; People ex rel. Vega v Smith, supra at 139; 300 Gramatan Ave. Assoc. v State Div. of Human Rights, 45 NY2d 176, 179-181). A determination revoking parole, however, is based upon a preponderance of the evidence (see, Executive Law § 259-i [3] [f] [viii]) and thus cannot be reviewed using a “substantial evidence” standard because “it is less than a preponderance of the evidence” (300 Gramatan Ave. Assoc. v State Div. of Human Rights, supra at 180). In my view, reviewing a determination based upon a preponderance of the evidence by determining whether it is supported by substantial evidence is comparable to reviewing the legal sufficiency of a criminal conviction by determining whether the People proved the elements of the crime by a preponderance of the evidence rather than beyond a reasonable doubt (see generally, People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495).
Although the majority may well intend that “substantial evidence” be construed as sufficient evidence, they have not clearly expressed such an intent. Thus, in my view, in order to resolve what I consider to be an area of considerable confusion, we should follow our line of cases in which the standard of review is whether there is “sufficient evidence in the record” to support the determination of the ALJ that a parole violation has been established by a preponderance of the evidence (People ex rel. Walker v Hammock, 78 AD2d 369, 372; see, People ex rel. Peters v Walker, 262 AD2d 1025, lv denied 93 NY2d 819; Matter of Zientek v Herbert, 199 AD2d 1075, 1076; see also, Matter of Alexander v New York State Div. of Parole, 236 AD2d 761). Present — Pigott, Jr., P.J., Hayes, Scudder, Burns and Gorski, JJ.

 A residuum of legal evidence is no longer required.in an administrative proceeding in which the issue is whether the determination is supported by substantial evidence (see, People ex rel. Vega v Smith, 66 NY2d 130, 139). However, in a proceeding involving a parole violation, the issue is whether the violation has been established by a preponderance of the evidence, and thus we have continued to require a residuum of legal evidence in such a proceeding (see, Matter of Hilbourne v Rodriguez, supra), except in the event of a “rare case” exception (People ex rel. Wilt v Meloni, 170 AD2d 989, 990, lv dismissed 77 NY2d 973).