Court Opinion

ID: 9478086
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-05 06:39:54.847187+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:46:14.115665
License: Public Domain

HILL, Circuit Judge,
specially concurring:
I concur in the result reached by the majority, but I do not fully agree with everything which is intimated by the majority in Part II of its opinion. Whether “Operation Nighthawk” was in effect or influenced Trooper Ralston has no bearing on this case. Ralston observed the speeding *762Town Car and made an entirely legal and constitutional stop because of its violation of a Georgia traffic law. Just because an officer is pleased that a suspicious car violates traffic laws so that a stop is justified does not make the stop unconstitutional. One who violates traffic laws is not, because he appears to be a drug courier, immunized from arrest.1
Moreover, if Georgia wants to use its highway patrol for no other purpose than to apprehend drug couriers, that is all right as long as it is done constitutionally. As noted in footnote 6 of the majority opinion, state troopers “shall ... investigate violations of the criminal laws of this state.” O.C.G.A. § 35-2-32(b).
I agree with the sentence on page 17 of the majority opinion that the duration of the stop is the only troubling circumstance in this case. However, as the majority explains, in view of the other aspects of the stop demonstrating that the police acted with propriety, the duration of the stop alone does not violate the Constitution.

. To the extent United States v. Cruz, 581 F.2d 535 (5th Cir.1978) (en banc) requires that a police officer have a "proper" motive as well as probable cause when stopping a car, I would suggest abandoning that position as the Fifth Circuit did in United States v. Causey, 834 F.2d 1179, 1987 WL 23,392 (5th Cir.1987) (en banc). As the Causey court noted, “so long as police do no more than they are objectively authorized and legally permitted to do, their motives in doing so are irrelevant and hence not subject to inquiry.” Id. at 1184.