Court Opinion

ID: 214862
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2011-04-16 00:02:17+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:28:21.780797
License: Public Domain

FILED
                             NOT FOR PUBLICATION                            APR 15 2011

                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS

                             FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

RAQUEL ANTONIO HERNANDEZ                         Nos. 09-70800
MORALES,                                              09-72549

               Petitioner,                       Agency No. A072-441-812

  v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM *
ERIC H. HOLDER, Jr., Attorney General,

               Respondent.

                      On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                          Board of Immigration Appeals

                              Submitted April 5, 2011 **

Before:        B. FLETCHER, CLIFTON, and BEA, Circuit Judges.

       In these consolidated petitions for review, Raquel Antonio Hernandez

Morales, a native and citizen of Guatemala, petitions for review of the Board of

Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) orders dismissing his appeal from an immigration

judge’s (“IJ”) removal order and denying his motion to reopen based on ineffective

          *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
          **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
assistance of counsel. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review de

novo constitutional claims and questions of law, we review for substantial evidence

the agency’s factual findings, and we review for abuse of discretion the denial of a

motion to reopen. Mohammed v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 785, 791-92 (9th Cir. 2005).

In No. 09-70800, we deny the petition for review. In No. 09-72549, we grant the

petition for review and remand.

      Substantial evidence supports the agency’s determination that Hernandez

Morales did not suffer past persecution by the guerrillas in Guatemala. See INS v.

Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 482 (1992) (attempted recruitment by guerillas,

without more, is insufficient to compel a finding of persecution on account of

political opinion); cf. Del Carmen Molina v. INS, 170 F.3d 1247, 1250 (9th Cir.

1999). Substantial evidence also supports the agency’s determination that

Hernandez Morales does not have a well-founded fear of future persecution by the

guerrillas. See Molina-Estrada v. INS, 293 F.3d 1089, 1095-96 (9th Cir. 2002).

To the extent that Hernandez Morales contends he fears future harm from criminal

gangs as a Guatemalan returning from the United States, substantial evidence

supports the agency’s determination that such harm is not persecution on account

of a protected ground. See Delgado-Ortiz v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1148, 1151-52 (9th

                                          2                                    09-70800
Cir. 2010) (concluding that “returning Mexicans from the United States” is too

broad to qualify as a cognizable social group).

         Because Hernandez Morales failed to establish eligibility for asylum, he

necessarily failed to meet the more stringent standard for withholding of removal.

See Zehatye v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 1182, 1190 (9th Cir. 2006).

         Substantial evidence also supports the agency’s denial of relief under the

Convention Against Torture because Hernandez Morales did not establish that it

was more likely than not that he will be tortured by or with the acquiescence of the

Guatemalan government. See Silaya v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 1066, 1073 (9th Cir.

2008).

         The BIA abused its discretion when it denied Hernandez Morales’ motion to

reopen for failure to establish prejudice. Hernandez Morales’ circumstantial

evidence of registration for benefits under the settlement in American Baptist

Churches v. Thornburgh, 760 F. Supp. 796 (N.D. Cal. 1991), submitted along with

the motion to reopen, is sufficient to establish that the withdrawal of his

application for relief under the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American

Relief Act “may have affected the outcome of the proceedings.” Iturribarria v.

INS, 321 F.3d 889, 899-90 (9th Cir. 2003). We therefore grant the petition for

review and remand to the BIA with instructions to remand to the IJ for an

                                            3                                    09-70800
evidentiary hearing, at which the parties shall be permitted to present additional

evidence.

      In No. 09-70800: PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.

      In No. 09-72549: PETITION FOR REVIEW GRANTED;

      REMANDED.

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