Court Opinion

ID: 202160
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2011-02-07 05:46:00+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:27:24.656203
License: Public Domain

Not for Publication in West's Federal Reporter
                Citation Limited Pursuant to 1st Cir. Loc. R. 32.3

          United States Court of Appeals
                         For the First Circuit

No. 05-1437

                              ROBERT KIBUUKA,

                                 Petitioner,

                                       v.

                        ALBERTO R. GONZALES,
                   United States Attorney General,

                                 Respondent.

               ON PETITION FOR REVIEW OF AN ORDER OF

                  THE BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS

                                    Before

              Selya, Lipez, and Howard, Circuit Judges.

     Michael D. Greenberg and Law Offices of Michael D. Greenberg
for petitioner.
     Peter D. Keisler, Assistant Attorney General, Greg D. Mack,
Senior Litigation Counsel, and Jennifer Levings, Attorney, Office
of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, on brief for
respondent.

                               April 14, 2006
            Per    Curiam.     Robert   Kibuuka,   a   native   of   Uganda,

petitions for review of a decision of the Board of Immigration

Appeals (BIA) affirming an order of removal against him.                  We

dismiss the petition in part for a lack of jurisdiction and deny

the remainder.

            In January 2000, Kibuuka arrived in the United States on

a student visa to attend Troy State University in Alabama.                In

March    2001,    the   Immigration   and   Naturalization   Service   (INS)

learned that Kibuuka had left school and issued him a notice to

appear at a removal hearing for not complying with the terms of his

visa.1     In September 2002, over 30 months after his arrival,

Kibuuka applied for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief

under the Convention Against Torture (CAT).

            In August 2003, an immigration judge (IJ) convened a

hearing on Kibuuka's applications for relief. Kibuuka was the only

witness.    Kibuuka testified that he is a 33 year-old homosexual,

single male from Uganda, where homosexuality is illegal.             In July

1999, Kibuuka attended the wedding of two men.          The police raided

the wedding, beat several of the attendees, including Kibuuka,

interrogated other, and arrested the groom.         Kibuuka was permitted

to leave.    Thereafter, he went into hiding at his parents' home,

where he stayed until he left for the United States.

     1
      In March 2003, the relevant functions of the INS were
reorganized and transferred into the new Department of Homeland
Security.

                                      -2-
            Kibuuka did not immediately attend Troy State because he

did not have enough money for tuition. Eventually, he attended the

university for one semester before withdrawing.           While at school,

he did not divulge his sexual orientation because he did not think

that "there were many gay people" there.                After withdrawing,

Kibuuka went to Boston, Massachusetts, where he worked delivering

furniture.    At the conclusion of Kibuuka's testimony, the IJ asked

if he was presently involved in a romantic relationship with a

man.    Kibuuka answered that he was not.

            Kibuuka also submitted a report from a psychologist,

which    recounted   Kibuuka's   history   and   concluded     that   Kibuuka

suffered from a major depressive disorder due to the treatment he

had received because of his sexual orientation.            The report also

stated that Kibuuka's mental state gradually improved once he

arrived in the United States, but that his depression made him

"unable to apply for asylum based on his homosexuality during [the]

first year of his United States residence."

            The IJ concluded that Kibuuka was not credible because

there were several material contradictions between his testimony

and the information included in the report.          The IJ rejected the

asylum claim on the ground that the application was time barred

because it was not filed within one year of Kibuuka entering the

United    States,    and   because     Kibuuka    had    not    established

extraordinary circumstances to justify the late filing.               The IJ

                                     -3-
also rejected the withholding of removal and CAT claims because

Kibuuka failed to persuade him that he actually attended the 1999

wedding or that he was a "member of the gay community."

          Kibuuka appealed to the BIA.             He challenged the IJ's

time-bar ruling and also sought to reopen the hearing to present

"new" evidence that he was involved in a homosexual relationship on

the date of his initial hearing.            The BIA summarily affirmed the

time-bar ruling and denied Kibuuka's motion to reopen because the

evidence of Kibuuka's romantic relationship was not new.

          Kibuuka      reasserts    these    claims    in    his    petition    for

review.   He contends that the IJ erred by ruling his asylum

application untimely without explicitly considering whether his

depression should excuse the late filing.             He also argues that the

BIA abused its discretion in denying the motion to reopen because

he did not understand that he needed to present evidence of his

involvement   in   a   romantic    relationship       to    prove   that   he   was

homosexual.

          An alien has one year from the date of arrival in the

United States to file an application for asylum unless the alien

demonstrates to the Attorney General's satisfaction that the delay

was caused by changed or extraordinary circumstances. See 8 U.S.C.

§§ 1158(a)(2)(B) & (D).            This court cannot review an agency

determination that an asylum application was untimely.                      See 8

                                     -4-
U.S.C. § 1158(a)(3); Haoud v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d          201, 204-05 (1st

Cir. 2004).

            Kibuuka contends that we may address his claim because

the   IJ   did   not   consider   his   argument   that   his   depression

constituted extraordinary circumstances justifying the late filing.

See Sagaydak v. Gonzales,         405 F.3d 1035, 1037 (9th Cir. 2005)

(remanding case to BIA where the IJ and BIA "failed to address"

petitioner's extraordinary circumstances claim).            We reject the

premise of Kibuuka's argument.       There is no reason for us to infer

that the IJ failed to consider Kibuuka's depression-related claim

in determining that he had failed to demonstrate extraordinary

circumstances.

              Kibuuka's   extraordinary    circumstances     argument   was

premised on the psychological report's conclusion that he could not

timely file his asylum application due to depression.              The IJ

admitted this report over the government's objection and clearly

read it, referring to it several times in his opinion.          While the

IJ did not specifically address the depression-related claim in

rejecting Kibuuka's extraordinary circumstances argument, we are

confident, based on the record as a whole, that he considered it.

No more is required.       See Enwonwu v. Gonzales, 438 F.3d 22, 35

(1st Cir. 2006) (stating that an IJ is not required to "spell out

every last detail of its reasoning where the logical underpinnings

                                    -5-
are clear from the record").             We therefore lack jurisdiction to

consider this aspect of Kibuuka's petition.2

               We turn to Kibuuka's motion to reopen.          The denial of       a

motion to reopen is reviewed for abuse of discretion.                      Chen v.

Gonzales, 415 F.3d 151, 153 (1st Cir. 2005). In the interests of

finality, such motions are disfavored.                 See Mabikas v. INS, 358

F.3d 145, 148 (1st Cir. 2004).              One predicate for a successful

motion    to    reopen   to   present    additional     evidence   is    that    the

evidence must have been "previously unavailable."                       Fesseha v.

Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 13, 20 (1st Cir. 2003).

               Kibuuka   sought    to    reopen   the   hearing    to    introduce

evidence that he was involved in a homosexual relationship on the

date of his initial hearing.             He acknowledges that this evidence

was available at the time of his hearing but claims that he did not

mention    it     because     he   did   not   think    that   presenting       such

information was necessary to his case.

               Kibuuka's admission that this evidence was available at

the   initial      hearing     undermines      his   claimed   entitlement        to

      2
      Kibuuka also argues that the REAL ID ACT of 2005, Pub. L. No,
109-13, § 106(a)(1)(A)(iii), 119 Stat. 231-310 (codified at 8
U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D)) empowers us to review the timeliness
determination because it grants this court authority to review
constitutional claims or questions of law.           But the IJ's
determination that Kibuuka's depression was insufficient to
establish extraordinary circumstances was a discretionary judgment
to which § 1252(a)(2)(D) does not apply. See Mehilli v. Gonzales,
433 F.3d 86, 93 (1st Cir. 2005); see also Chen v. U.S. Dep't of
Justice, 434 F.3d 144, 151-55 (2d Cir. 2005).

                                         -6-
reopening.   There is no question that the IJ specifically asked

Kibuuka if he was involved in a relationship with a man, and that

Kibuuka   provided   a   false   answer.   Kibuuka   claims   that   he

nevertheless should be allowed to present this evidence because he

did not know that his answer would be used by the IJ as a ground

for decision.   There are two problems with this argument.     First,

a witness obviously is not entitled to prevaricate simply because

he deems a question irrelevant.     Rather, he must either object or

answer the question truthfully.3     Moreover, Kibuuka overstates the

record by suggesting that his false answer to the IJ's question was

the linchpin of the decision.     The IJ primarily rejected Kibuuka's

claim because of inconsistencies between his testimony and the

information contained in the psychologist's report.      And nothing

about Kibuuka's homosexual relationship would undercut the IJ's

primary basis for denying Kibuuka relief.      There was no abuse of

discretion in denying Kibuuka's motion to reopen.

           Dismissed in part and denied in part.

     3
      Kibuuka does not claim that he was unable to truthfully
respond to the IJ's question because of the depression that he
suffered because of his alleged experiences as a gay man in Uganda.

                                   -7-