Court Opinion

ID: 9555246
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-11 14:09:49.08628+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:42:01.307822
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: AUGUST 4, 2023; 10:00 A.M.
                         TO BE PUBLISHED

               Commonwealth of Kentucky
                         Court of Appeals
                            NO. 2022-CA-0844-MR

TYLER POPPLEWELL AND
KIMBERLY KELSEY,
ADMINISTRATRIX FOR THE
ESTATE OF IMOGENE
POPPLEWELL                                                       APPELLANTS

                APPEAL FROM RUSSELL CIRCUIT COURT
v.             HONORABLE VERNON MINIARD, JR., JUDGE
                       ACTION NO. 20-CI-00150

CONNIE CORNER, INDIVIDUALLY
AND AS EXECUTRIX OF THE
ESTATE OF THOMAS DUNBAR,
A/K/A “SAM” DUNBAR                                                  APPELLEE

                              OPINION
                      REVERSING AND REMANDING

                                 ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: DIXON, GOODWINE, AND KAREM, JUDGES.

KAREM, JUDGE: Appellants appeal from the Russell Circuit Court’s order

dismissing Tyler Popplewell’s complaint with prejudice. Tyler’s complaint
requested that the court declare his great-uncle’s will null and void and sought

damages for fraud. Because we find that Appellee waived her lack of standing

defense, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.

                FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

              Thomas Dunbar died in Russell County, Kentucky, on November 29,

2019. Thereafter, the Russell District Court ordered that Dunbar’s purported Last

Will and Testament, dated June 25, 2018 (the “Will”), be probated. Under the

Will, Dunbar’s entire estate passed to Connie Corner, Dunbar’s non-relative

caregiver.

              At his death, Dunbar had one sister, Imogene Popplewell who, during

the pendency of this appeal, passed on April 26, 2023.1 Tyler Popplewell –

Imogene’s grandson and Dunbar’s great-nephew – initiated this action on April 16,

2020, in Russell Circuit Court by filing a complaint claiming that Corner had

procured the Will through fraud and undue influence and that Dunbar had lacked

the requisite mental capacity to execute the Will. Tyler requested that the circuit

court declare the Will null and void in addition to requesting damages for fraud.

Corner filed an answer in response to Tyler’s complaint in which the only defense

listed is that the complaint failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.

1
  Following the death of Appellant Imogene Popplewell, this Court granted the motion to
substitute Kimberly Kelsey, Administratrix for the Estate of Imogene Popplewell.

                                             -2-
              Approximately two years later, on February 14, 2022, Corner moved

to dismiss the action based on the claim that Tyler, as Dunbar’s great-nephew,

lacked standing were he to prevail at trial. Specifically, Corner claimed that Tyler

did not stand in the line of inheritance under Kentucky’s laws of descent and

distribution. See Kentucky Revised Statutes (“KRS”) 391.010 and KRS 391.030.

              On February 18, 2022, Tyler filed an Irrevocable Assignment (the

“Assignment”) with the circuit court dated February 17, 2022. In the Assignment,

Imogene “assign[ed] any and all interest” that she “may have” in her brother’s

estate, as his surviving sister, to Tyler.

              On February 21, 2022, Corner re-filed her motion to dismiss with a

hearing set for February 23, 2022. Corner filed a third motion to dismiss on the

same grounds of lack of standing on March 3, 2022. The circuit court heard the

matter on April 12, 2022, although Tyler’s counsel claimed that he had not

received notice of the hearing on the motion to dismiss and thus was not at the

hearing. The circuit court entered a final order of dismissal with prejudice that

same day.

              Tyler subsequently filed a motion to set aside the judgment based on

his alleged lack of notice of the April 12, 2022, hearing. Additionally, Corner filed

a motion to amend the dismissal order requesting specific findings of fact.

                                             -3-
             On May 10, 2022, Tyler filed an Assignment of Claim of his interest

in the subject litigation to his grandmother Imogene Popplewell. Imogene then

filed a motion to intervene to substitute the movant as Plaintiff in this action to

Tyler. Additionally, Imogene moved to amend the complaint.

             On June 15, 2022, the court sustained Corner’s motion to dismiss and

included an amended order with findings of fact and conclusions of law.

Specifically, the amended order dismissed the action based on Tyler’s lack of

standing under Kentucky’s intestacy laws. Additionally, the order denied

Imogene’s right to intervene based on her non-compliance with the two-year

statute of limitations under KRS 394.240. The circuit court denied Tyler’s motion

to set aside the dismissal order based on his claim that he had failed to receive

notice of Corner’s initial motion to dismiss based on the presumption of receipt

under the “mailbox rule.” This appeal followed.

                                     ANALYSIS

             a. Standard of Review

             “A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief

may be granted ‘admits as true the material facts of the complaint.’” Fox v.

Grayson, 317 S.W.3d 1, 7 (Ky. 2010) (quoting Upchurch v. Clinton County, 330

S.W.2d 428, 429-30 (Ky. 1959)). Thus, “a court should not grant such a motion

‘unless it appears the pleading party would not be entitled to relief under any set of

                                          -4-
facts which could be proved[.]’” Id. (quoting Pari-Mutuel Clerks’ Union of

Kentucky, Local 541, SEIU, AFL-CIO v. Kentucky Jockey Club, 551 S.W.2d 801,

803 (Ky. 1977)). “Since a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon

which relief may be granted is a pure question of law, . . . an appellate court

reviews the issue de novo.” Id. (citation omitted).

             When the circuit court relies on matters outside the pleadings, the

claim is converted into a motion for summary judgment. D.F. Bailey, Inc. v. GRW

Engineers, Inc., 350 S.W.3d 818, 820-21 (Ky. App. 2011) (citing McCray v. City

of Lake Louisvilla, 332 S.W.2d 837, 840 (Ky. 1960); Kentucky Rules of Civil

Procedure (“CR”) 12.02). “The standard of review on appeal of a summary

judgment is whether the trial court correctly found that there were no genuine

issues as to any material fact and that the moving party was entitled to judgment as

a matter of law.” Coomer v. CSX Transp. Inc., 319 S.W.3d 366, 370 (Ky. 2010).

“The record must be viewed in a light most favorable to the party opposing the

motion for summary judgment and all doubts are to be resolved in his favor.”

Steelvest, Inc. v. Scansteel Service Center, Inc, 807 S.W.2d 476, 480 (Ky. 1991).

“Because summary judgment involves only legal questions and the existence of

any disputed material issues of fact, an appellate court need not defer to the trial

court’s decision and will review the issue de novo.” Lewis v. B & R Corporation,

56 S.W.3d 432, 436 (Ky. App. 2001).

                                          -5-
             b. Discussion

             On appeal, Tyler argues that the circuit court erred in ruling that he

did not have standing to bring the claims asserted in his complaint and points out

that Corner’s answer to his complaint contained no affirmative defenses. Instead,

almost two years after the initiation of litigation, Corner raised the lack of standing

defense for the first time in a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under

CR 12.02.

             The Kentucky Supreme Court has held that “lack of standing is a

defense which must be timely raised or else will be deemed waived.” Harrison v.

Leach, 323 S.W.3d 702, 708 (Ky. 2010). “Since a lack of standing does not

deprive a trial court of subject-matter jurisdiction, a party’s failure to raise timely

his or her opponent’s lack of standing may be construed as a waiver.” Id. at 709.

As further explained by this Commonwealth’s highest Court, “[t]his use-it-or-lose-

it approach to standing is logical because . . . the purpose of . . . defenses, such as

lack of standing, is to afford the defendants the means of obtaining at the outset of

litigation summary disposition of issues of law or easily proved issues of fact.” Id.

at 708 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).

             Here, it is undisputed that the lack of standing defense was available

to Corner after Tyler filed his complaint, and Corner should have raised such

defense in her answer. Indeed, Corner was aware from the outset of the litigation

                                           -6-
of the relationship between Dunbar, Tyler, and Imogene but failed to raise her

argument regarding Tyler’s standing in a timely manner. While it is true that

Corner generally raised the defense of dismissal for failure to state a claim in her

original answer, it is evident that Corner failed to set forth any defenses as to lack

of standing in the answer. Rather, Corner only raised the defense of lack of

standing in a motion to dismiss almost two years after she filed her answer.

Therefore, Corner waived the defense by not raising it in her first response to the

complaint. We, thus, hold that the circuit court committed reversible error by

determining that Tyler lacked standing to challenge the Will. Our disposition of

this case renders Appellants’ other arguments moot.

             Consequently, we reverse the circuit court’s order of dismissal based

on Tyler’s lack of standing and remand for proceedings consistent with this

Opinion. This Opinion takes no position on any claims asserted by Tyler regarding

the Will.

             GOODWINE, JUDGE, CONCURS.

             DIXON, JUDGE, CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY.

                                          -7-
BRIEFS FOR APPELLANTS:    BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

Joel R. Smith             Theodore H. Lavit
Jamestown, Kentucky       Cameron C. Griffith
                          Lebanon, Kentucky

                         -8-