Court Opinion

ID: 9959392
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-11 17:01:03.865798+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:17:32.202980
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 11 2024
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JOVANNY MAYORGA,                                No.    23-15807

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                2:21-cv-02105-JCM-NJK
 v.

DIET CENTER LLC, DBA Heart Attack               MEMORANDUM*
Grill,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Nevada
                    James C. Mahan, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted April 9, 2024**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: MURGUIA, Chief Judge, and MENDOZA and DE ALBA, Circuit
Judges.

      Jovanny Mayorga appeals from the district court’s grant of summary

judgment in favor of Diet Center, LLC, d/b/a Heart Attack Grill (“HAG”) in his

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
employment discrimination action. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

We review de novo. John Doe 1 v. Abbott Lab’ys, 571 F.3d 930, 933 (9th Cir.

2009). We affirm.

      1.     Even though the First Amended Complaint (“FAC”) alleges that HAG

“terminated” Mayorga, the allegations of constructive discharge are apparent on

the face of the FAC. Accordingly, the district court erred by failing to recognize

that Mayorga was alleging constructive discharge due to a hostile work

environment and by granting summary judgment under a termination theory. Pa.

State Police v. Suders, 542 U.S. 129, 139 n.5 (2004) (summarizing the appeals

court’s holding that the district court erred in failing to recognize that the plaintiff

had stated a claim of constructive discharge due to the hostile work environment

where the allegations of constructive discharge were apparent on the face of the

plaintiff’s pleading); see also Draper v. Coeur Rochester, Inc., 147 F.3d 1104,

1110 (9th Cir. 1998) (explaining that “[c]onstructive discharge is, indeed, just one

form of wrongful discharge” because “[t]he fact that the actual act of terminating

employment is initiated by the employee, who concludes that she is compelled to

leave as a result of the employer’s actions, rather than by the employer directly

does not change the fact that the employee has been discharged”).

      The use of the slur was reprehensible. Even so, summary judgment was still

appropriate. For a single incident of harassment to support a claim of hostile work

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environment, “it must be extremely severe.” Fried v. Wynn Las Vegas, LLC, 18

F.4th 643, 648 (9th Cir. 2021) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). The

conduct alleged here is neither as severe nor as pervasive as compared to other

cases where an employer’s actions were deemed insufficient to create a hostile

work environment. See, e.g., Kortan v. Cal. Youth Auth., 217 F.3d 1104, 1110–11

(9th Cir. 2000) (finding no hostile work environment where the supervisor referred

to females as “castrating bitches,” “Madonnas,” or “Regina” in front of plaintiff on

several occasions and directly called plaintiff “Medea”); Manatt v. Bank of Am.,

NA, 339 F.3d 792, 798–99 (9th Cir. 2003) (finding that the actions of co-workers

generally fell “into the simple teasing and offhand comments category of non-

actionable discrimination” and therefore no hostile work environment where co-

workers mocked plaintiff for mispronouncing a word and “pulled their eyes back

with their fingers in an attempt to imitate or mock the appearance of Asians” but

such actions were directed at plaintiff only on a couple of occasions); Vasquez v.

Cnty. of Los Angeles, 349 F.3d 634, 642–43 (9th Cir. 2003) (finding no hostile

environment discrimination where the employee was told that he had “a typical

Hispanic macho attitude,” that he should work in the field because “Hispanics do

good in the field” and where he was yelled at in front of others).

      Having failed to sufficiently allege a hostile work environment claim,

Mayorga also cannot sufficiently establish “the graver claim of hostile-

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environment constructive discharge.” Suders, 542 U.S. at 149. Because we may

affirm on any ground supported by the record, Cruz v. Nat’l Steel & Shipbuilding

Co., 910 F.3d 1263, 1270 (9th Cir. 2018), we conclude summary judgment was

still appropriate on Mayorga’s Title VII employment discrimination claim.

      2.       The district court did not err in determining that Mayorga’s negligent

hiring, training, and supervision claim was preempted. “The Supreme Court of

Nevada has recognized that NRS § 613.330 ‘provides the exclusive remedy for tort

claims premised on illegal employment practices.’” Doe No. 1 v. Wynn Resorts,

Ltd., No. 2:19-cv-1904, 2023 WL 1782439, at *18 (D. Nev. Feb. 3, 2023) (quoting

Williams v. Aria Resort & Casino, LLC, No. 2:17-cv-1484-JCM-VCF, 2019 WL

2716765, at *8 (D. Nev. June 28, 2019) (collecting cases)). Here, Mayorga’s claim

is based on the same allegations underlying his Title VII discrimination claim, so it

is preempted, id., and the district court’s grant of summary judgment on this claim

is affirmed.

      AFFIRMED.

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