Court Opinion

ID: 4297638
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-07-25 18:55:02.46852+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:41:36.696440
License: Public Domain

07/25/2018
        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT NASHVILLE
                          Assigned on Briefs May 16, 2018

                RICHARD KELLEY v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

               Appeal from the Circuit Court for Montgomery County
                    No. 41201018        Jill Bartee Ayers, Judge
                     ___________________________________

                           No. M2017-01157-CCA-R3-PC
                       ___________________________________

The Petitioner, Richard Kelley, appeals the Montgomery County Circuit Court’s denial of
his petition for post-conviction relief from his convictions of four counts of rape of a
child, three counts of aggravated sexual battery, and one count of misdemeanor assault
and resulting effective sentence of thirty years to be served at 100%. On appeal, the
Petitioner contends that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel at trial. Based
upon the record and the parties’ briefs, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction
court.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

NORMA MCGEE OGLE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ALAN E. GLENN
and ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., JJ., joined.

R. Allan Thompson, Clarksville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Richard Kelley.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Jeffrey D. Zentner, Assistant
Attorney General; John Wesley Carney, Jr., District Attorney General; and Arthur F.
Bieber, Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                       OPINION

                                I. Factual Background

       The State initially charged the Petitioner with eight counts of rape of a child and
five counts of aggravated sexual battery for acts committed against his granddaughter,
who was twelve years old at the time of the crimes. State v. Richard Thomas Kelley, No.
M2014-00740-CCA-R3-CD, 2015 WL 1777547, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville,
Apr. 16, 2015), perm. app. denied, (Tenn. June 11, 2015). Before trial, the State
dismissed one count of aggravated sexual battery. Id.
       At trial, the victim’s mother testified that in 2009, she and her family, including
the victim, moved into her parents’ home so that she could help her father, the Petitioner,
care for her mother, who had cancer. Id. In 2012, the Petitioner owned a tire shop, and
the victim occasionally went to the shop with her grandmother. Id. at *2. The victim
also went on “‘road calls’” with the Petitioner. Id. In May or June 2012, the victim’s
mother noticed that the victim was spending more time with the Petitioner. Id. During a
camping trip in June 2012, the victim’s mother noticed that the Petitioner put his arm
around the victim’s shoulder and rubbed his arm up and down the victim’s leg. Id. The
victim’s mother talked with the victim about what she had observed and, based on their
conversation, contacted the police. Id.

        The victim, who was fourteen years old at the time of trial, testified that before
school let out for the summer in 2012, she and the Petitioner were cleaning the pool. Id.
The Petitioner stared at her breasts and told her that boys would want to touch her. Id.
The victim then testified about several incidents of abuse that occurred at the Petitioner’s
tire shop. Id. at *2, 3. Specifically, she stated that the Petitioner forced her to perform
fellatio behind a van, touched her breasts under her shirt but over her bra and kissed her
while they were sitting on a couch, put his finger “inside her ‘part’” in a storage area, and
rubbed her groin over her clothes while she was sitting on a bench outside the shop. Id.
at *3. The State had the victim draw a diagram of the tire shop while she was on the
witness stand. Id. at *2. The victim said that she went on two “road calls” with the
Petitioner and that on one of the calls, he touched her breasts and forced her to fellate
him. Id. at *3. She said he also forced her to fellate him one time in the garage of their
home. Id. The victim testified about incidents of abuse that occurred inside the home.
Id. She said that the Petitioner kissed her on the couch, touched her breast over her bra in
the kitchen, and rubbed her leg and “‘private area’” while they were watching television
in his bedroom. Id.

       On cross-examination, the victim testified about an incident at daycare in which
she and a little boy put their hands down each other’s pants and an incident in which her
father showed her pornography. Id. She acknowledged receiving disciplinary action at
school for hitting a student and making an obscene gesture on the bus in 2010 and
receiving disciplinary actions after the Petitioner began abusing her. Id. The defense
tried to impeach the victim with her testimony from the Petitioner’s July 2012
preliminary hearing. Id. During the hearing, the victim testified that the pool incident
occurred after school let out for the summer, not before, and that the incident of digital
penetration occurred in a “‘hallway’” of the tire shop. Id. Moreover, at the hearing, the
victim did not identify any other places in the shop where abuse occurred. Id.

                                            -2-
        At the close of the State’s case-in-chief, the trial court dismissed four counts of
rape of a child, and the State elected offenses as to the remaining four counts of rape of a
child and four counts of aggravated sexual battery. Id. at *4. The Petitioner presented
the testimony of several character witnesses and his brother, who testified that he did not
see the Petitioner and the victim together often and that the victim’s sister was usually
with them. Id. The Petitioner testified in his own behalf, denying the victim’s
allegations. Id. On cross-examination, the Petitioner acknowledged that the victim
visited his tire shop but denied that he was alone with her or took her on a road call with
him. Id. On rebuttal, an employee of the tire shop testified that the victim was at the
shop a couple of times per week but that she was always with an adult. Id. The
employee also stated that he saw the victim and the Petitioner together at the shop and
that he saw them leave together for a road call. Id.

       The jury convicted the Petitioner as follows:

              The defendant was convicted in Count 1 of rape of a child
              based on the testimony of fellatio by the van; the defendant
              was convicted in Count 2 of aggravated sexual battery based
              on the testimony that he touched the victim’s breasts on the
              couch at the shop; the defendant was convicted in Count 3 of
              rape of a child based on the testimony of digital penetration in
              the storeroom; the defendant was convicted in Count 4 of
              aggravated sexual battery based on the testimony that he
              touched the victim’s groin on the bench outside the shop; the
              defendant was convicted in Count 5 of rape of a child based
              on the testimony of fellatio by the tractor during the “road
              call”; the defendant was convicted in Count 6 of aggravated
              sexual battery based on the testimony that he touched the
              victim’s groin in his bedroom while watching TV; the
              defendant was convicted in Count 8 of assault based on the
              testimony that he touched the victim’s breasts and kissed her
              in the kitchen; the defendant was convicted in Count 10 of
              rape of a child based on the testimony of fellatio in the home
              garage.

Id. at *5. After a sentencing hearing, the trial court sentenced the Petitioner to concurrent
sentences of thirty years for each conviction of rape of a child, a Class A felony; ten years
for each conviction of aggravated sexual battery, a Class B felony; and six months for the
conviction of assault, a Class B misdemeanor, for a total effective sentence of thirty years
to be served at 100%. Id. at *1. On appeal, the Petitioner challenged the sufficiency of

                                            -3-
the evidence. Id. at *5. This court found the evidence sufficient and affirmed the
Petitioner’s convictions. Id. at *7.

        After our supreme court denied the Petitioner’s application for permission to
appeal, he filed a timely petition for post-conviction relief, arguing that he received the
ineffective assistance of trial counsel. Relevant to this appeal, the Petitioner alleged that
trial counsel was ineffective because counsel failed to interview the Petitioner’s wife and
mother, who would have testified to his character and that he was never alone with
children, and because trial counsel failed to ensure that a fair and impartial jury heard his
case. The post-conviction court appointed counsel to represent the Petitioner.
Subsequently, the Petitioner filed a pro se motion for new post-conviction counsel and a
pro se amended petition for post-conviction relief. In the amended petition, the Petitioner
alleged that he also received the ineffective assistance of counsel because trial counsel
allowed the State to lead its witnesses during direct examination. The post-conviction
court appointed new post-conviction counsel, and new counsel did not file an amended
petition.

       At the evidentiary hearing, the Petitioner testified that the first time trial counsel
met with him in jail, trial counsel appeared “quite angry” and told him that counsel was
only going to have one witness from the Petitioner’s immediate family testify at trial.
The Petitioner told trial counsel that he wanted counsel to talk with the Petitioner’s wife,
but counsel never did so. Instead, trial counsel talked with the Petitioner’s brother and a
cousin. Trial counsel told the Petitioner that according to the Petitioner’s daughter, the
Petitioner’s wife was mentally ill. The Petitioner and his wife were married thirty-seven
years but were divorced at the time of the post-conviction evidentiary hearing. The
Petitioner said that his ex-wife was “just manic depressive,” that her condition was
“controlled with medications,” and that she did not have a mental illness that would have
prevented her from coming to court. He said she would have testified at trial that he “was
never alone with children anytime.” The Petitioner said trial counsel also should have
talked with the Petitioner’s mother.

        The Petitioner testified that trial counsel never gave him discovery materials. The
Petitioner received his daughter’s Department of Children’s Services (DCS) file from
trial counsel, but the file did not contain anything related to the Petitioner. The Petitioner
was present for jury selection but “didn’t get to approve or disapprove of the jury that
was picked.” During jury selection, the Petitioner learned that “the chairperson” of the
jury was a court clerk. The Petitioner said that he did not protest about her being on the
jury to trial counsel because he was “hard of hearing” and was not wearing headphones
during jury selection. The Petitioner said he was prejudiced by the court clerk’s being on
the jury because he thought she “swayed” the rest of the jurors.

                                            -4-
       The Petitioner testified that the State’s case was “my granddaughter’s word
against mine” and that trial counsel allowed the prosecutor to lead the victim during her
testimony. Trial counsel also allowed the prosecutor to lead the Petitioner’s former
employee. Although the employee testified that it would have been “very unlikely” for
him to have seen the Petitioner and the victim leave together for a road call, the
prosecutor “basically . . . coerced” the employee into saying that it was possible he saw
the Petitioner and the victim leave the shop together. Before trial, trial counsel had the
Petitioner “draw up a completed detailed illustration of [the] shop interior.” The
Petitioner brought the drawing to trial counsel on the morning of trial. During the
victim’s testimony, the State gave her a piece of paper and allegedly had her draw a
diagram of the Petitioner’s shop on the paper. The State then presented the drawing as
evidence and “put it on the wall.” The Petitioner said that the victim’s drawing “was
[his] drawing” and that he thought trial counsel gave his drawing to the prosecutor, who
then gave it to the victim. He acknowledged that the victim’s memory “wasn’t good
enough to have made that map.”

        On cross-examination, the Petitioner acknowledged that trial counsel was able to
prevent the jury from hearing that the Petitioner was convicted of sexually abusing the
victim’s mother. He also acknowledged that trial counsel presented plea offers to him
but that he turned them down. Trial counsel called witnesses to testify on the Petitioner’s
behalf. The Petitioner asked that trial counsel also call his shop employee to testify, but
trial counsel said the employee did not want to get involved in the trial. The employee
ended up testifying for the State, and some of his testimony “hurt” the Petitioner’s
defense.

        Trial counsel testified that he had been licensed to practice law since 1988 and was
appointed to represent the Petitioner. The State gave discovery materials to trial counsel
and allowed him to view a recording of the victim’s forensic interview. The State would
not give a copy of the recording to trial counsel, so he was unable to show the interview
to the Petitioner. However, trial counsel told the Petitioner what the victim said in the
interview. He also provided discovery materials to the Petitioner “a couple times” and
went over discovery with the Petitioner. The Petitioner wanted to present the victim as “a
little wildcat that was always in trouble.” Therefore, trial counsel obtained the victim’s
DCS file. The Petitioner gave trial counsel the names of several witnesses, and counsel
called witnesses on the Petitioner’s behalf at trial. Trial counsel said that he talked with
the Petitioner’s wife but that she “made it clear that she was going to punish whoever
brought her in [to court].” The Petitioner insisted to trial counsel that his wife would
come to the trial on her own, but she never did, which was “extremely telling” to trial
counsel. Trial counsel also spoke with the Petitioner’s mother, but she “didn’t appear to
have any information” to help the Petitioner. The Petitioner wanted trial counsel to call
the Petitioner’s shop employee as a witness. However, trial counsel did not want the
                                           -5-
employee to testify because the employee “had some stuff that was not going to help”
and “appeared to be more on the State’s side than [the Petitioner’s] side.”

        Trial counsel testified that he prepared a large map of the Petitioner’s tire shop for
trial. The victim also drew a map of the shop during her direct testimony. Trial counsel
said that he did not give the map drawn by the Petitioner to the victim and that he did not
remember giving the Petitioner’s map to the State. Trial counsel saw the State hand the
victim a blank piece of paper while she was on the witness stand. When the victim gave
the paper back to the State, the drawing was on it. Trial counsel acknowledged that he
objected to the State’s leading the victim one time but said that he did not remember
making any other objections to leading. He said, though, that if the State had been “out
of line,” he would have made more objections.

        Trial counsel testified that the prosecutor said she would consider a settlement
offer of “25-years day for day” as a Range I offender. Trial counsel presented the offer to
the Petitioner, but the Petitioner was not interested. At the close of the State’s case-in-
chief, trial counsel was able to get the trial court to dismiss four counts of rape of a child.
Moreover, the jury found the Petitioner guilty of simple assault as a lesser-included
offense of one count of aggravated sexual battery. Although trial counsel was able to
keep the jury from hearing about the Petitioner’s criminal history, the Petitioner’s
criminal history was presented at sentencing and resulted in his being classified as a
Range II offender. The Petitioner claimed that he had received a governor’s pardon for
his sexual conviction involving the victim’s mother. Trial counsel said that he spent forty
to fifty hours looking for the pardon and that he even contacted the “attorney chief of
staff for the governor” but that no pardon was ever found. When trial counsel was
appointed to represent the Petitioner, the Petitioner had been facing a possible effective
sentence of 260 years. The Petitioner ended up receiving an effective sentence of thirty
years, so trial counsel was “fairly pleased” with the outcome of the case. Trial counsel
said that, including the amount of time he spent looking for the Petitioner’s pardon, he
spent a total of 110 hours on the Petitioner’s trial and twenty-five hours on the
Petitioner’s direct appeal of his convictions.

       On cross-examination, trial counsel testified that he talked with the Petitioner
about everyone on the jury and that “the clerk that was on there was a long time clerk
from the juvenile court.” Trial counsel said that he had a good relationship with the clerk
and that he was “impressed” by her because “she didn’t decide somebody was guilty
simply because something came through juvenile court.” He then explained, “And,
frankly, with this sort of case, I thought, and still think, our best shot was to have
somebody that could step past the Scarlet letter of child sex abuse.” He thought the State
made a mistake by leaving the clerk on the jury.

                                             -6-
        Trial counsel testified that the prosecutor in this case “fairly early on, took a fairly
distinct dislike to [the Petitioner], and it only got worse as time went on.” The victim
was a very good witness a trial. Trial counsel said that she was articulate and looked at
the jury and that defense attorneys had to treat child victims with “kid gloves.” The
Petitioner also testified at trial, but the victim “made a better presentation on the witness
stand.” Trial counsel objected one time to the prosecutor’s asking the victim leading
questions. He said he did not object more because jurors “start getting aggravated if the
attorney is sitting over there being a little Jack-in-the box.” He stated that in any event,
“there was nothing devastating that I remember [the prosecutor] leading on.” The map
the victim drew at trial “pretty much looked about like” the map trial counsel prepared
for trial. The victim did not see trial counsel’s map before she testified, and trial counsel
did not know if she saw anyone else’s map.

        In a written order, the post-conviction court denied the petition for post-conviction
relief. First, the court found the Petitioner’s claim that trial counsel failed to interview
witnesses to be “without merit.” The court stated that trial counsel interviewed all the
witnesses the Petitioner requested, that trial counsel called several witnesses at trial, and
that trial counsel elected not to have the Petitioner’s wife and former shop employee
testify because they would not have been favorable to the defense. As to the Petitioner’s
claim that trial counsel failed to ensure that his trial was heard by a fair and impartial
jury, the post-conviction court stated that although the Petitioner contended the juvenile
court clerk should not have been on the jury, the Petitioner participated in voir dire, never
told trial counsel that he had hearing problems, and never requested a headset to assist
with his hearing. Thus, the court found that the Petitioner was not entitled to relief. As
to the Petitioner’s contention that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the
State’s leading questions, the post-conviction court found that the record showed trial
counsel raised at least one objection to the State’s leading the victim and that trial counsel
was “intentionally cautious” to objecting due to the victim’s age. Finally, the court stated
that it found nothing in the record to substantiate the Petitioner’s claim at the evidentiary
hearing that trial counsel gave the Petitioner’s map of his shop to the victim. The court
stated that the record indicated the prosecutor handed a blank sheet of paper to the victim
and that the victim drew the shop “on her own during trial.” Accordingly, the court
denied the petition for post-conviction relief.

                                         II. Analysis

       On appeal, the Petitioner maintains that he received the ineffective assistance of
trial counsel because counsel allowed the prosecutor to lead the State’s witnesses,
allowed a juvenile court employee to be on the jury, shared a drawing with the State so
that the victim “was able to very nearly re-create it” during her testimony, did not
subpoena or call his mother as a fact witness at trial, and should have had his wife testify
                                             -7-
on his behalf. The State argues that the Petitioner has failed to show that he received the
ineffective assistance of counsel. We agree with the State.

        To be successful in a claim for post-conviction relief, a petitioner must prove the
factual allegations contained in the post-conviction petition by clear and convincing
evidence. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f). “‘Clear and convincing evidence means
evidence in which there is no serious or substantial doubt about the correctness of the
conclusions drawn from the evidence.’” State v. Holder, 15 S.W.3d 905, 911 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1999) (quoting Hodges v. S.C. Toof & Co., 833 S.W.2d 896, 901 n.3 (Tenn.
1992)). Issues regarding the credibility of witnesses, the weight and value to be accorded
their testimony, and the factual questions raised by the evidence adduced at trial are to be
resolved by the post-conviction court as the trier of fact. See Henley v. State, 960
S.W.2d 572, 579 (Tenn. 1997). Therefore, the post-conviction court’s findings of fact are
entitled to substantial deference on appeal unless the evidence preponderates against
those findings. See Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001).

       A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is a mixed question of law and fact.
See State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999). We will review the post-conviction
court’s findings of fact de novo with a presumption that those findings are correct. See
Fields, 40 S.W.3d at 458. However, we will review the post-conviction court’s
conclusions of law purely de novo. Id.

        When a petitioner seeks post-conviction relief on the basis of ineffective
assistance of counsel, “the petitioner bears the burden of proving both that counsel’s
performance was deficient and that the deficiency prejudiced the defense.” Goad v.
State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
687 (1984)). To establish deficient performance, the petitioner must show that counsel’s
performance was below “the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal
cases.” Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975). To establish prejudice, the
petitioner must show that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A
reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the
outcome.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. Further,

              [b]ecause a petitioner must establish both prongs of the test, a
              failure to prove either deficiency or prejudice provides a
              sufficient basis to deny relief on the ineffective assistance
              claim. Indeed, a court need not address the components in
              any particular order or even address both if the [petitioner]
              makes an insufficient showing of one component.

                                           -8-
Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 370 (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697).

       Turning to the Petitioner’s claim that trial counsel allowed the State to ask its
witnesses leading questions, we have reviewed the trial transcript of the State’s direct
examination of its only two witness, who were the victim and the victim’s mother, and
we find nothing improper. Although the State posed some leading questions to the
victim, this court has stated that “trial courts have been given broad discretion in
permitting leading questions in sexual abuse cases when the witness is a child victim.”
State v. William Dearry, No. 03C01-9612-CC-00462, 1998 WL 47946, at *11 (Tenn.
Crim. App. at Knoxville, Feb. 6, 1998) (citing Swafford v. State, 529 S.W.2d 748, 749
(Tenn. Crim. App. 1975)). Moreover, trial counsel testified that his decision not to raise
frequent objections to the State’s leading questions was a tactical strategy so as not to
anger the jury. On appeal, this court may not second-guess the tactical or strategic
choices of counsel unless those choices are based upon inadequate preparation, nor may
we measure counsel’s behavior by “20-20 hindsight.” See State v. Hellard, 629 S.W.2d
4, 9 (Tenn. 1982).

       Next, the Petitioner claims that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel
because trial counsel allowed a juvenile court employee to be on the jury. The post-
conviction court found that the Petitioner was not entitled to relief because he was aware
of the court clerk during jury voir dire and did not voice any concerns about her being on
the jury to trial counsel. We note that trial counsel testified that he knew the juvenile
court clerk to be fair and that he made a strategic decision to keep her on the jury. Id.
Regardless, the Petitioner has failed to offer any evidence that he was prejudiced by the
juvenile court clerk’s serving on the jury. Accordingly, he has failed to show that he
received the ineffective assistance of counsel.

        As to the Petitioner’s claim that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel
because trial counsel gave his drawing to the State, trial counsel testified that he did not
give the Petitioner’s drawing to the State and that the victim appeared to draw her own
map of the shop during her testimony. Our review of the trial hearing transcript shows
that the prosecutor asked the victim, “Do you think that if I passed you a piece of paper
and a pen that you could draw a picture of the shop?” The victim said yes, so the
prosecutor handed her paper and a pen. The transcript states that the victim “compli[ed]
with the State’s request” and that the prosecutor instructed the victim to sign and date the
drawing. The victim did as instructed, and the State entered the drawing into evidence as
exhibit one. The victim’s drawing is in the record before us, but the Petitioner’s drawing
is not in the record. The post-conviction court accredited trial counsel’s testimony that he
did not give the Petitioner’s drawing to the State. Therefore, the Petitioner again has
failed to show that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel.

                                           -9-
        Finally, the Petitioner contends that he received the ineffective assistance of trial
counsel because counsel failed to call his mother and wife to testify at trial. However,
trial counsel testified that he did not call the victim’s mother to testify because she did not
have any information that was helpful to the Petitioner and that he did not call the
Petitioner’s wife to testify because she “made it clear that she was going to punish
whoever brought her in [to court].” The post-conviction court accredited trial counsel’s
testimony that he did not call the witnesses because they would not have provided
information favorable to the defense. We note that the Petitioner’s mother passed away
sometime after his trial and that the Petitioner did not have his ex-wife testify at the post-
conviction evidentiary hearing. Generally, “[w]hen a petitioner contends that trial
counsel failed to discover, interview, or present witnesses in support of his defense, these
witnesses should be presented by the petitioner at the evidentiary hearing.” Black v.
State, 794 S.W.2d 752, 757 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990). We may not speculate on what
benefit the witnesses might have offered to the Petitioner’s case. Id. Thus, the Petitioner
is not entitled to relief on this issue.

                                      III. Conclusion

      Based upon the record and the parties’ briefs, we affirm the judgment of the post-
conviction court.

                                           ____________________________________
                                           NORMA MCGEE OGLE, JUDGE

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