Court Opinion

ID: 858988
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-04-24 16:44:51.129078+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:06:42.009479
License: Public Domain

GLD-191                                                         NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                      No. 13-1029
                                      ___________

                                MICHAEL S. MULLER,
                                             Appellant

                                            v.

                              DELBERT G. SAUERS
                      ____________________________________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                             (D.C. Civil No. 3-12-cv-01841)
                      District Judge: Honorable Robert D. Mariani
                      ____________________________________

                        Submitted for Possible Summary Action
                   Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
                                     April 11, 2013

            Before: FUENTES, FISHER and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges

                             (Opinion filed: April 24, 2013)
                                      _________

                                       OPINION
                                       _________

PER CURIAM

       Michael S. Muller, proceeding pro se, appeals the United States District Court for

the Middle District of Pennsylvania’s order dismissing his petition for writ of habeas

corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. Because this appeal does not present a substantial
question, we will summarily affirm for principally the reasons as given in the District

Court’s order.

                                             I.

       Pursuant to a plea agreement, Muller pled guilty to armed bank robbery and using,

carrying, and brandishing a firearm during the commission of a crime of violence. The

agreement provided that Muller would be sentenced in a range of 87 to 108 months for

the first offense and 60 months for the second offense. Muller also waived his right to

collaterally attack his conviction and sentence so long as the sentence did not exceed the

range provided in the agreement. In January 2009, the Eastern District of Michigan

sentenced Muller to 108 months’ imprisonment for the first offense and 60 months’

imprisonment, consecutively, for the second offense.

       In December 2009, Muller sent a letter to the Eastern District of Michigan

claiming an error in sentencing. The court gave Muller the opportunity to have the letter

construed as motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, but his response was not clear and the court

did not construe his letter as a § 2255 motion; no relief was granted. In March 2011,

Muller filed a motion in the Eastern District of Michigan seeking relief under 18 U.S.C.

§ 3582(c)(2). The court denied the motion.

       In September 2012, Muller filed the underlying 28 U.S.C. § 2241 petition in the

Middle District of Pennsylvania. Muller’s sole ground for relief was that an error was

made in the calculation of his sentence. The Magistrate Judge recommended dismissing

the § 2241 petition and Muller objected. The District Court adopted the Magistrate

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Judge’s report and recommendation and dismissed the petition because Muller failed to

show that § 2255 was inadequate or ineffective and because Muller’s plea agreement

barred any collateral attack of his sentence. Muller appeals and has filed a motion for

appointment of counsel.

                                              II.

       We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253(a). We “exercise

plenary review over the District Court’s legal conclusions and apply a clearly erroneous

standard to its findings of facts.” O’Donald v. Johns, 402 F.3d 172, 173 n.1 (3d Cir.

2005) (per curiam). We may summarily affirm if the appeal presents no substantial

question. See 3d Cir. LAR 27.4; I.O.P. 10.6.

                                              III.

       Upon review, we conclude that the District Court properly dismissed Muller’s

§ 2241 petition. A federal prisoner generally must challenge the legality of his

conviction or sentence through a motion filed pursuant to § 2255. Okereke v. United

States, 307 F.3d 117, 120 (3d Cir. 2002). However, the “safety valve” clause of § 2255

allows a petitioner to seek a writ of habeas corpus under § 2241 in the “rare case” in

which a § 2255 motion would be “inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his

detention.” 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e); In re Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d 245, 249-50 (3d Cir. 1997).

“Section 2255 is not inadequate or ineffective merely because the sentencing court does

not grant relief, the one-year statute of limitations has expired, or the petitioner is unable

to meet the stringent gatekeeping requirements of . . . § 2255.” Cradle v. United States ex

                                               3
rel. Miner, 290 F.3d 536, 539 (3d Cir. 2002). Rather, a § 2255 motion is inadequate or

ineffective “only if it can be shown that some limitation of scope or procedure would

prevent a section 2255 proceeding from affording the prisoner a full hearing and

adjudication of his claim of wrongful detention.” United States v. Brook, 230 F.3d 643,

648 (3d Cir. 2000) (quoting United States ex rel. Leguillou v. Davis, 212 F.2d 681, 684

(3d Cir. 1954) (internal quotation marks omitted).

       In this case, § 2255 was the proper vehicle for Muller to raise the argument that

his sentence was incorrect. First, despite Muller’s assertion otherwise, his allegation that

the Eastern District of Michigan improperly calculated his sentence is a challenge to the

validity of his sentence that should be raised under § 2255. See, e.g., Coady v. Vaughn,

251 F.3d 480, 485 (3d Cir. 2001). Second, Muller’s argument that the expiration of the

limitations period establishes the inadequacy and ineffectiveness of § 2255 is unavailing.

See Cradle, 290 F.3d at 539. Third, Muller’s plea agreement included a waiver of

collateral-attack rights “in any post-conviction proceeding, including – but not limited to

– any proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 2255.” Therefore, his plea agreement forecloses

                                             4
relief pursuant to § 2241, which does not render § 2255 inadequate or ineffective.1 See

id. at 538 (“It is the inefficacy of the remedy, not the personal inability to use it, that is

determinative.”). Consequently, the District Court correctly dismissed Muller’s § 2241

petition.

                                               IV.

       For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the order of the District Court. Muller’s

motion for appointment of counsel is denied as moot.

       1
         Muller did not explicitly challenge the waiver of his right to collaterally attack
his sentence, and there is no indication that the waiver should not be enforced. See
United States v. Mabry, 536 F.3d 231, 237 (3d Cir. 2008) (“[W]e have been willing to
enforce [waivers of appeal rights], provided that they are entered into knowingly and
voluntarily and their enforcement does not work a miscarriage of justice.”). First, during
a plea hearing, the Eastern District of Michigan reviewed the terms of the plea agreement,
including the waiver of the right to appeal or to collaterally attack the sentence, with
Muller and confirmed his understanding and voluntary assent. See Fed. R. Crim. P.
11(b)(1)(N). Second, Muller’s waiver of his collateral-attack rights was conditioned on
his sentence not exceeding the maximum range set forth in the plea agreement; Muller’s
sentence did not do so. Thus, enforcement of the waiver would not result in a
miscarriage of justice. (Moreover, there appears to be no merit to Muller’s claim of an
error during sentencing. See E.D. Mich. 4:08-cr-20009, Report and Recommendation,
October 31, 2011, ECF No. 62.)

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