Court Opinion

ID: 9960292
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-15 21:04:15.402245+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:19:22.185765
License: Public Domain

NOTICE                 2024 IL App (4th) 230581-U
This Order was filed under
                                                                                 FILED
                                                                                April 15, 2024
Supreme Court Rule 23 and is              NO. 4-23-0581                         Carla Bender
not precedent except in the
                                                                            4th District Appellate
limited circumstances allowed                                                     Court, IL
under Rule 23(e)(1).              IN THE APPELLATE COURT

                                           OF ILLINOIS

                                       FOURTH DISTRICT

FRANCISCO SANTILLAN,                                          )      Appeal from the
               Plaintiff-Appellant,                           )      Circuit Court of
               v.                                             )      Rock Island County
CALDERON’S CONSTRUCTION OF RI, INC., an                       )      No. 23LA14
Illinois Corporation; and ARMANDO G. CALDERON,                )
Individually,                                                 )      Honorable
               Defendants-Appellees.                          )      James G. Conway Jr.,
                                                              )      Judge Presiding.

                JUSTICE DOHERTY delivered the judgment of the court.
                Justices Harris and DeArmond concurred in the judgment.

                                              ORDER

¶1     Held: The circuit court erred when it granted defendant’s section 2-615 motion to dismiss.

¶2              Plaintiff Francisco Santillan appeals the circuit court’s dismissal with prejudice of

count III of his complaint seeking relief under the Sales Representative Act (Act) (820 ILCS

120/0.01 et seq. (West 2022)). Plaintiff argues that defendant Calderon’s Construction of RI, Inc.,

an Illinois corporation (Calderon), was a “principal” under the Act. Section 1(3) of the Act defines

a “principal” as a business entity that “[m]anufactures, produces, imports, or distributes a product

for sale.” Id. § 1(3). Plaintiff argues that his contract with Calderon encompassed the sale and

distribution of exterior construction products, such as “shingles, siding and related products,” as

well as solicitation for Calderon’s services. Id. In granting Calderon’s motion to dismiss count III,
the circuit court concluded that the Act did not apply to a company that provided services, so

Calderon was not a principal under section 1(3) of the Act.

¶3             We reverse and remand.

¶4                                      I. BACKGROUND

¶5             Plaintiff filed a five-count complaint against defendants Calderon and Armando G.

Calderon, individually, seeking damages for defendants’ alleged breach of plaintiff’s employment

contract. The complaint alleged that Calderon was in the business of general contracting, focusing

on roofing and siding. In 2017, plaintiff entered into an oral contract with Calderon to provide the

company with sales and project management services in exchange for a commission. The parties’

agreement was reduced to writing in mid-2019. Plaintiff asserts that Calderon failed to pay him

earned commissions in the amount of $85,675.41, as well as various out-of-pocket expenses and

subcontracting services; he claimed a total of $91,540.94 was due.

¶6             In count III of the complaint, plaintiff alleged violations of section 2 of the Act,

asserting that he entered into a written contract with Calderon, “under which [plaintiff] would

provide sales and project management services to Calderon, and, in exchange, Calderon would

pay Santillan [a] commission.”According to the complaint, Calderon “sells and distributes exterior

construction products, such as shingles, siding and related products, within the State of Illinois.”

¶7             The complaint alleged that, “beginning in 2017, [plaintiff] solicited exterior

construction material contracts and orders for Calderon” by meeting with customers and potential

customers, presenting them with exterior construction product samples and/or brochures from

which they would or could select exterior construction products to purchase from Calderon. “After

a Calderon customer selected his or her preferred exterior construction products, [plaintiff] would

complete a Calderon contract with said customer, specifying the exterior construction products

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selected by the customer,” and place orders for the exterior construction products selected by the

customers. The complaint further alleged that “[t]he main purpose and focus of the contracts,

which [plaintiff] solicited for Calderon, was the sale and distribution of exterior construction

products.” Plaintiff then asserted that Calderon was a “principal” under section 1(3) and that

Calderon’s failure to pay commissions violated the Act.

¶8              Calderon moved to dismiss count III, arguing that it was not a “principal” under

section 1(3) because plaintiff’s employment contract was for services only. Calderon relied on

Johnson v. Safeguard Construction Co., 2013 IL App (1st) 123616, which held that a company

that exclusively provides “services” is not a “principal” under the Act. Id. ¶ 17. Moreover, Johnson

found that “the main purpose of the contracts that [the plaintiff] solicited from homeowners was

to provide repair services to their damaged homes, and any tangible goods associated with the

repair work were merely incidental to the services provided.” (Emphasis omitted.) Id. ¶ 21.

¶9              The circuit court granted Calderon’s motion to dismiss count III, concluding that

plaintiff could assert no set of facts that were “legally sufficient to maintain this count III cause of

action in light of Johnson.” In doing so, the court found that this case presented a “mixed product

case” and expressed its concern over the validity of Johnson—“I think they decided the case

wrong”—but stated, “I’m going to do my duty and follow that precedent and rule in favor of the

defense and dismiss count III with prejudice.”

¶ 10            The circuit court’s written order further contained a finding pursuant to Illinois

Supreme Court Rule 304(a) (eff. Mar. 8, 2016).

¶ 11            This appeal followed.

¶ 12                                       II. ANALYSIS

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¶ 13           The central question on appeal is whether Calderon qualified as a “principal” under

the Act based on the allegations of the complaint. We note that we only had the benefit of an

appellant’s brief in considering this case; no appellee brief was filed. However, under First Capitol

Mortgage Corp. v. Talandis Construction Corp., 63 Ill. 2d 128, 133 (1976), if the record is simple

and the claimed errors are such that the court can easily decide them without the aid of an

appellee’s brief, the court of review should decide the merits of the appeal.

¶ 14                                   A. Standard of Review

¶ 15           A section 2-615 motion to dismiss (735 ILCS 5/2-615 (West 2022)) challenges the

legal sufficiency of a complaint based on defects apparent on its face. Marshall v. Burger King

Corp., 222 Ill. 2d 422, 429 (2006); City of Chicago v. Beretta U.S.A. Corp., 213 Ill. 2d 351, 364

(2004). Therefore, we review a circuit court’s judgment granting a section 2-615 motion to dismiss

de novo. Trevino v. Baldwin, 2020 IL App (4th) 180682, ¶ 17; Roberts v. Board of Trustees of

Community College District No. 508, 2019 IL 123594, ¶ 21. In reviewing the sufficiency of a

complaint, we accept as true all well-pleaded facts and all reasonable inferences that may be drawn

from them. Ferguson v. City of Chicago, 213 Ill. 2d 94, 96-97 (2004). We also construe the

allegations in the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. Trevino, 2020 IL App (4th)

180682, ¶ 17; King v. First Capital Financial Services Corp., 215 Ill. 2d 1, 11-12 (2005). Thus, a

cause of action should not be dismissed pursuant to section 2-615 unless it is clearly apparent that

no set of facts can be proved that would entitle the plaintiff to recovery. Canel v. Topinka, 212 Ill.

2d 311, 318 (2004).

¶ 16                                         B. The Act

¶ 17           The Act requires any “principal” who contracts with a “sales representative” to pay

the sales representative all commissions due and owing within 13 days of the termination of their

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relationship. 820 ILCS 120/2 (West 2022). The principal must pay posttermination commissions

within 13 days of the date on which they come due. Id. If the principal fails to comply with the

Act, it may be sued for both exemplary damages (“an amount which does not exceed 3 times the

amount of the commissions owed to the sales representative”) and attorney fees. Id. § 3; see

Formestic, Inc. v. Residential Warranty Corp., No. 96 C 6638, 1997 WL 51490, at *2 (N.D. Ill.,

Feb. 4, 1997).

¶ 18             The dispute here arises as to whether Calderon is a “principal” under section 1(3)

of the Act. 820 ILCS 120/1(3)(A)-(C) (West 2022). The term “principal,” as used in section 1(3),

is defined as a business entity that “(A) Manufactures, produces, imports, or distributes a product

for sale; (B) Contracts with a sales representative to solicit orders for the product; and

(C) Compensates the sales representative, in whole or in part, by commission.” (Emphasis added.)

Id.

¶ 19             As noted above, the matter here is presented on a section 2-615 motion to dismiss,

so we examine only the well-pleaded allegations of plaintiff’s complaint and reasonable inferences

flowing from them. Ferguson, 213 Ill. 2d at 96-97. Relevant here, plaintiff has alleged that

Calderon “sells and distributes exterior construction products, such as shingles, siding, and related

products”; that plaintiff solicited “exterior construction material contracts and orders” for

Calderon; that Calderon’s customers would “select exterior construction products to purchase from

Calderon”; and that Calderon would deliver those products to the customer. Plaintiff also alleges

that he was paid via commission for soliciting these sales. These allegations are sufficient to allege

that (1) Calderon distributes tangible products; (2) Calderon contracted with plaintiff to solicit

orders for those products; and (3) plaintiff was to be compensated on a commission basis. These

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are sufficient to plead that Calderon was a “principal” under the Act. 820 ILCS 120/1(3)(A)-(C)

(West 2022).

¶ 20           Defendant moved to dismiss plaintiff’s complaint in reliance on Johnson, and the

circuit court to its credit felt obligated to follow Johnson despite disagreeing with its approach. On

appeal, plaintiff essentially asks us to disagree with Johnson. We conclude that it was premature

for the court to conclude that Johnson required the dismissal of plaintiff’s complaint and, further,

that it would be premature for us to determine whether we agree with the approach taken in

Johnson.

¶ 21           In Johnson, the appellate court upheld the entry of summary judgment against the

plaintiff, concluding that there was no genuine issue of material fact showing that Safeguard

Construction Co. was a purveyor of tangible goods. In other words, the plaintiff, although not

required to prove his case in response to a motion for summary judgment, failed to present a factual

basis that would arguably entitle him to relief. Johnson, 2013 IL App (1st) 123616, ¶ 18. Given

that failure, the Johnson court was faced with an exclusive service contract, which is not covered

by the Act. As an alternative basis for its decision, the court went on to address the plaintiff’s

argument that there was some aspect of his sales that involved tangible goods. In rejecting the

plaintiff’s argument, the Johnson court remarked, “the main purpose of the contracts that Johnson

solicited from homeowners was to provide repair services to their damaged homes, and any

tangible goods associated with the repair work were merely incidental to the services provided.”

(Emphasis omitted.) Id. ¶ 21.

¶ 22           Here, we are at the pleading stage, not the summary judgment stage, and we are

required to accept the well-pleaded allegations of plaintiff’s complaint as true. The allegations

referenced above are clearly adequate to assert that plaintiff was soliciting contracts for the sale of

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products by Calderon. We acknowledge that paragraph 9 of count III of plaintiff’s complaint also

references “labor and materials.” We also note that the parties’ contract references the selling of

Calderon’s “services.” At the pleading stage, however, we cannot sort out the apparent

inconsistency and competing inferences.

¶ 23           Furthermore, even if the contract is a “mixed” contract for both products and

services, the facts as pleaded do not clearly indicate that Johnson would require dismissal. Johnson

held that the “main purpose” of the contract there was the sale of services and that the “tangible

goods associated with the repair work were merely incidental to the services provided.” Id. ¶¶ 21,

23. Assuming that plaintiff’s complaint alleges that there were “mixed” sales involved here, it

would be impossible to determine from the pleadings whether the products were incidental to the

services or vice versa.

¶ 24           Finally, even if we were to reject Johnson’s “all or nothing” view of the service-

versus-product question, the record here would be inadequate for us to consider something more

like the proportional approach suggested in Osborn v. Regions Commercial Roofing, Inc., No.

4:21-cv-04203-SLD-JEH, 2022 WL 1213104, at *2 (C.D. Ill., April 25, 2022). There, the district

court, although dismissing the plaintiff’s complaint filed under the Act, allowed leave to amend,

stating, “if Plaintiff is able to add allegations regarding the sale of tangible products, making

Defendant a principal under the Act, he may be able to state a claim.” Id. Here, we know very little

about the underlying sales contracts themselves, such as whether the product portion of the sale

was separately itemized and the relationship it bore to the service portion.

¶ 25                                    III. CONCLUSION

¶ 26           For the reasons stated, we reverse the circuit court’s judgment dismissing count III

of plaintiff’s complaint and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

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¶ 27   Reversed and remanded.

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