Court Opinion

ID: 2721878
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-08-28 21:00:34.508542+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:45:17.201237
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                            FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT                             AUG 28 2014

                                                                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

THERESA DAYTON, personally and as                No. 13-35876
the Personal Representative of the Estate
of Thomas E. Cicardo,                            D.C. No. 3:12-cv-00245-JWS

              Plaintiff - Appellee,
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
  v.

STATE OF ALASKA,

              Defendant-third-party-
plaintiff - Appellant,

  V.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

              Third-party-defendant -
Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Alaska
                   John W. Sedwick, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted August 13, 2014
                              Anchorage, Alaska

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
Before: FARRIS, D.W. NELSON, and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges.

      The state of Alaska appeals from the district court’s remand of Valerie

Dayton’s action against Alaska to state court. We have jurisdiction to hear appeals

of remand orders under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 if the case was removed pursuant to 28

U.S.C § 1442. 28 U.S.C. § 1447(d). We also have jurisdiction to review the

district court’s remand order since the Attorney General filed a Westfall

Certification in this case. Osborn v. Haley, 549 U.S. 225, 243 (2007). The State of

Alaska’s notice of appeal is timely as it was filed within thirty days of the district

court’s order denying Alaska’s Rule 60(b) motion. F.R.App.P. (4)(a)(1)(A). We

reverse the district court’s remand order.

      The Westfall Act “accords federal employees absolute immunity from

common-law tort claims arising out of acts they undertake in the course of their

official duties.” Id., at 229. If a federal employee is sued for wrongful or negligent

conduct, the Westfall Act grants the Attorney General the power “to certify that the

employee ‘was acting within the scope of his office or employment at the time of

the incident out of which the claim arose.’” Id. at 229-30 (quoting 28 U.S.C. §

2679(d)( 2)). Once the certification has been made, “the employee is dismissed

from the action, and the United States is substituted as defendant in place of the

employee.” Id. at 230. “If the action is launched in state court,” it will be removed

                                             2
to a federal district court and “‘th[e] certification of the Attorney General shall

conclusively establish scope of office or employment for purposes of removal.’”

Id. at 241 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2679(d)(2)). The Supreme Court reasoned that

“Congress adopted the conclusive for purposes of removal language to foreclose

needless shuttling of a case from one court to another.” Id. at 242 (quotation

omitted).

      The Attorney General certified that the crew members involved in the

accident at issue were acting within the scope of their federal employment. Dayton

did not challenge this certification when it was made.1 Dayton argues that the

Supreme Court’s language in Osborn applies only to a narrow situation, citing its

statement that “Congress gave district courts no authority to return cases to state

courts on the ground that the Attorney General’s certification was unwarranted.”

Id. at 241. Dayton argues that this language indicates that the Westfall Act does

give district courts the authority to remand on other grounds. Shortly after this

statement, however, Osborn further explains that “[f]or purposes of establishing a

forum to adjudicate the case … § 2679(d)(2) renders the Attorney General’s

      1
        Technically, this case was removed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a)(1) and
not § 2679(d)(2). Under 28 U.S.C. § 1653, however, “[d]efective allegations of
jurisdiction may be amended, upon terms, in the trial or appellate courts.” Id.
Dayton does not dispute that the federal government could have removed this case
pursuant to § 2679, even through it did not do so.
                                           3
certification dispositive.” Id. at 242. This conclusion unambiguously holds that the

Attorney General’s certification establishes federal jurisdiction. Furthermore, if a

district court cannot remand even when a certification is unwarranted, it would

violate the “anti-shuttling” policy purposes of the Westfall Act to allow for a

district court to remand at a later date on other grounds. This case must remain in

federal district court as the Supreme Court has clearly held that the Attorney

General’s certification under “2679(d)(2) renders the federal court exclusively

competent and categorically precludes a remand to the state court.” Id. at 243.

REVERSED.

                                          4