Court Opinion

ID: 4201226
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-09-05 18:23:13.478303+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:40:39.228832
License: Public Domain

FILED
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                                                STATE OF             C

                                               `•"'SEP          I

      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

REGINALD K. WREN and BRENDA M. )
WREN, husband and wife,         )              No. 75449-1-1
                                )
                   Respondents, )              DIVISION ONE
                                )
       v.                       )
                                )              UNPUBLISHED OPINION
TAMMY S. BLAKEY, an unmarried   )
person, and FLYING T RANCH,     )
INC., a Washington corporation, )
                                )
                   Appellants.  )              FILED: September 5, 2017
                                )
      LEACH, J. — Tammy Blakey and Flying T Ranch Inc. (collectively Blakey)

appeal the trial court's denial of a March 2016 motion to vacate an April 2013

judgment in favor of Reginald and Brenda Wren. Blakey claims that the Wrens'

misconduct in withholding evidence entitles her to a new trial. Because the

Wrens have shown that the withheld evidence does not help Blakey's case, any

failure to produce it in discovery did not prevent Blakey from fully and fairly

presenting her case. We affirm.

                                    FACTS

      The Wrens and Blakey own adjacent parcels of real property in rural

Snohomish County. Blakey acquired her parcel in 1989 at a sheriffs sale. She

took possession of it in 1990. The Wrens acquired their parcel in 2004.
No. 75449-1-1/ 2

      Since the 1930s, a barbed wire fence has separated the parcels. Over

time, a hedgerow grew along this fence and engulfed it. The hedgerow was

approximately 12 feet high and between 50 and 70 feet wide. The occupants of

the property farmed each parcel up to the hedgerow.

      Blakey testified that in 1990 she removed some of the hedgerow and

repaired the fence at its original location. But before 2009, the hedgerow had

grown back. In 2009, Blakely destroyed the hedgerow and built a new barbed

wire fence. She again claimed that she had merely replaced the fence in the

same location. The Wrens protested Blakey's construction, asserting that Blakey

installed the new fence west of the boundary about 50 feet into the Wrens'

property.

      The Wrens sued Blakey for trespass and to quiet title to the disputed

property. Blakey counterclaimed. She asserted she acquired title to the property

east of the 2009 fence by adverse possession. After a bench trial, the court

quieted title in the Wrens, finding that Blakey had failed to prove her adverse

possession claim:

      The only evidence presented on the subject of possession of the
      land in the disputed area by anybody in the last fifty years was the
      1990 incursion and fence destruction and replacement undertaken
      by the defendant. The area being then left to the blackberries,
      [Blakey's] activities do not amount to actual possession and
      [Blakey] has not begun to make out a case of adverse possession.

                                      -2-
No. 75449-1-1/3

The court also found that Blakey had trespassed on the Wrens' property)

Finally, the court found that Blakey's destruction of the hedgerow and installation

of a barbed wire fence injured the property and prevented the Wrens from

continuing to use their land to pasture horses because the horses might injure

themselves on the wire. The court awarded the Wrens $180,017.84. This sum

included treble damages under RCW 4.24.630 and attorney fees and litigation

costs.

         In June 2013, Blakey moved for reconsideration. The trial court denied

that motion.

         Blakey appealed. We affirmed the trial court's decision that Blakey failed

to establish a claim of adverse possession:

                Here, there was substantial evidence that the property
         owners, present and former, used the land only up to the
         hedgerow. Blakey does not challenge finding of fact 12 describing
         the hedgerow as 12 feet high and 70 feet wide. A photograph
         exhibit showed the fence line visible in 1983. Thus, it is clear that
         Blakey could not have exerted the requisite dominion and control
         required to establish adverse possession.[2]

         In September 2014, Blakey filed a CR 60(b) motion, which the trial court

also denied.

      1 The court observed that "the defendant's statement that she owned the
property by adverse possession amounts to an acknowledgement that she did
not have rightful possession of the property."
      2 Wren v. Blakey, No. 70691-8-1, slip op. at 9 (Wash. Ct. App. Aug. 11,
2014)(unpublished), http://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf/706918.pdf.
                                        -3-
No. 75449-1-1/4

      In January 2015, Blakey sued the Wrens after they built a new fence on

the section line described as the common boundary in the parties' deeds. Blakey

alleged that the common boundary was the "historic fence" and not the section

line. The court found that res judicata barred her action and dismissed it. It also

found the lawsuit frivolous and awarded the Wrens attorney fees.

       In the 2015 action, the court ordered the Wrens to produce discovery and

sanctioned them for discovery violations. To comply with the order, the Wrens

delivered seven photographs of the fence and hedgerow taken in 2009. Blakey

claims that the Wrens withheld two aerial photographs taken in May 2009 and

August 2011.

       In March 2016, relying on these photographs and the Wrens'failure to turn

them over, Blakey moved to vacate the judgment against her under CR 60(b)(4).

The trial court denied Blakey's motion. It awarded the Wrens attorney fees and

costs and prohibited Blakey from filing a suit against the Wrens or their attorneys

arising out of or related to the same facts or cause of action without first seeking

permission of the court.

       Blakey appeals.

                                        -4-
No. 75449-1-1 /5

                                   ANALYSIS

                                    CR 60(b)

      First, Blakey challenges the trial court's denial of her motion to vacate.

We review a superior court's decision on a CR 60(b) motion for manifest abuse

of discretion.3 A superior court abuses its discretion if it makes a manifestly

unreasonable decision or bases that decision on untenable grounds or untenable

reasons.4

       Blakey asked for relief under CR 60(b)(4), which provides,

      On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a
      party or the party's legal representative from a final judgment,
      order, or proceeding for the following reasons:

             (4) Fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or
      extrinsic), misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse
      party.

"The rule is aimed at judgments which were unfairly obtained, not at those which

are factually incorrect."5    To obtain relief, "the fraudulent conduct or

      3   In re Guardianship of Adamec, 100 Wash. 2d 166, 173, 667 P.2d 1085
(1983).
      4 In re Schuoler, 106 Wash. 2d 500, 512, 723 P.2d 1103(1986).
      5 Peoples State Bank v. Hickey, 55 Wash. App. 367, 372, 777 P.2d 1056
(1989).
                                     -5-
No. 75449-1-1 /6

misrepresentation must cause the entry of the judgment such that the losing

party was prevented from fully and fairly presenting [her] case or defense."6

      Blakey is not entitled to relief because she received a full and fair hearing

on all issues. The crux of Blakey's argument is that the Wrens wrongfully

withheld evidence that shows the original location of the fence and thus

establishes her adverse possession claim.        While discovery violations can

constitute misconduct for purposes of CR 60(b)(4) relief, a discovery violation

alone does not warrant vacation of judgment.7

      Our decision in Peoples State Bank v. Hickey8 is instructive. In Hickey, we

found that Peoples had misrepresented the status of the lien on Hickey's

property but still refused to vacate the judgment.9 We explained,

      Although Peoples misrepresented the status of Hickey's lien, there
      is no connection between the bank's misrepresentation and
      Hickey's failure to respond to the complaint or employ an attorney.
      There is no evidence that Hickey relied on the misrepresentation or
      was misled by People's statements in the complaint. . . . The
      misrepresentation having nothing to do with her failure to respond
      to the summons and complaint, Hickey cannot meet the
      requirement that the misrepresentation must have operated to
      prevent her from fully and fairly presenting her case.E19]

      6  Lindgren v. Lindgren, 58 Wash. App. 588, 596, 794 P.2d 526 (1990)
(emphasis omitted)(citing Hickey, 55 Wash. App. at 372).
      7 Roberson v. Perez, 123 Wash. App. 320, 332-33, 96 P.3d 420 (2004);
Hickey, 55 Wash. App. at 371.
      8 55 Wash. App. 367, 777 P.2d 1056 (1989).
      9 Hickey, 55 Wash. App. at 371.
      10 Hickey, 55 Wash. App. at 372.
                                      -6-
No. 75449-1-1 /7

This case is like Hickey because the identified misconduct is harmless and does

not support a motion to vacate.

        Having the missing photographs would not have helped Blakey prove the

unproven element of her adverse possession claim.            To establish adverse

possession, Blakey had to show that she possessed the disputed property for at

least 10 years in a manner that is "(1) open and notorious, (2) actual and

uninterrupted, (3) exclusive, and (4) hostile.'"11 "The ultimate test is the exercise

of dominion over the land in a manner consistent with actions a true owner would

take."12 Blakey asserts that the withheld photographs show the location of the

original fence and establish that she did not construct the 2009 fence in a new

location. But construction of the 2009 fence does not help establish Blakey's

claim for two reasons. First, after 1990 Blakey allowed the hedgerow to grow

back and did not show occupation up to this fence. Second, 10 years did not

elapse between the construction of this fence and the start of Wrens' lawsuit to

quiet title.

        The trial court explained why the location of the fence does not matter in

its memorandum decision:

        11Gorman v. City of Woodinville, 175 Wash. 2d 68, 71, 283 P.3d 1082(2012)
(quoting ITT Ravonier, Inc. v. Bell, 112 Wash. 2d 754, 757, 774 P.2d 6 (1989));
Anderson v. Hudak, 80 Wash. App. 398, 401, 907 P.2d 305 (1995).
       12 ITT Rayonier, 112 Wash. 2d at 759.
                                       -7-
No. 75449-1-1/ 8

      The Court concludes that this is not a case about a historical fence
      that either is or is not on a boundary line. It is about a 2009 fence
      that was placed west of the true boundary line, and a disputed area
      to the east of the fence and to the west of the boundary line. The
      issue is a matter of whether the plaintiff adversely possessed the
      disputed area or did not. And the Court concludes she did not.

              It would make no difference if the issue were framed as the
      defense now frames it. Even if the 2009 fence had been placed on
      the same line as the historic fence, and each fence stood several
      feet to the west of the true boundary, the defendant would still have
      to show she adversely possessed the area between her fence and
      the true boundary. She did not show this either.

We agree that anything the photographs show about the location of past fences

would not cure the deficiencies in Blakey's evidence about her adverse

possession claim.

      Blakey also claims that the photographs show that she did not destroy the

hedgerow on the Wrens' side of the fence. This matters because the trial court

based its award of damages on its finding that "[t]he plaintiffs keep horses, and

horses are apt to be injured on barbed wire." The court reasoned that "[Necause

the land in the disputed area formerly contained livestock and, following the

destruction of the hedgerow, it no longer can, the land has been injured." Blakey

suggests that if she did not destroy the hedgerow, then the Wrens' horses were

not exposed to the danger of the barbed wire fence, and the award of damages

was incorrect. The Wrens respond that the photographs show both that some

portions of the hedgerow remain and that gaps exist in it, exposing their horses

to barbed wire. The photographs do show that some of the hedgerow was
                                       -8-
No. 75449-1-1 /9

removed, exposing the barbed wire. The photographs do not help Blakey's case

on the issue of damages.

       Blakey asserts that she does not need to show that the photographs

would have affected the trial's outcome. We agree that CR 60(b)(4) does not

require showing that the misconduct did affect the outcome of the tria1.13 But the

Wrens have the opportunity to show that their discovery violations did not deprive

Blakey of a fair trial. They have met this burden.

       We distinguish the cases Blakey relies on for comparison. First, she cites

Taylor v. Cessna Aircraft Co.,14 in which a jury found that Cessna was not liable

for a plane crash. Division Three reversed the trial court's decision denying a

new trial based on Cessna's misconduct in withholding evidence.15           Taylor

asserted that the undisclosed evidence would have supported an entirely new

theory about the cause of the plane crash.16         But, unlike Taylor, here the

evidence relates only to theories that Blakey has already tried and is not relevant

      13 Taylor v. Cessna Aircraft Co., 39 Wash. App. 828, 836, 696 P.2d 28
(1985) ("A new trial based upon the prevailing party's misconduct does not
require a showing the new evidence would have materially affected the outcome
of the first trial."); see also Roberson, 123 Wash. App. at 336 (comparing the
materiality requirement for newly acquired evidence (CR 60(b)(3) and
misconduct(CR 60(b)(4)).
       14 39 Wash. App. 828, 830-31, 696 P.2d 28(1985).
       15 Taylor, 39 Wash. App. at 833.
       16 Taylor, 39 Wash. App. at 835.

                                        -9-
No. 75449-1-1/ 10

to the element she failed to prove, so its unavailability did not harm Blakey's

case.

        In Roberson v. Perez,17 Division Three affirmed the trial court's decision to

grant a new trial because, although the moving party did not prove that a

discovery violation changed the case's outcome, the violation was "substantial"

and the withheld files were material to the plaintiffs' fair presentation of the case.

As explained above, here the withheld evidence was not material and its

absence did not affect a fair presentation of Blakey's case.

        Blakey also claims that the trial court should have concluded as a matter

of law that based on the new photographic evidence, she established ownership

of the property through adverse possession.18 Again, the location of past fences

makes no difference in her adverse possession claim. The record contains

insufficient evidence about possession. Further, courts may not grant affirmative

relief—like a finding that Blakey established her adverse possession claim—in a

CR 60(b) order.18

        The trial court properly denied Blakey's CR 60(b) motion.

         123 Wash. App. 320, 336, 96 P.3d 420(2004).
        17
         Blakey also claims that she has met the elements of mutual recognition
        18
and acquiescence. But she did not properly raise that claim, so we do not
consider any arguments related to it.
      19 Geonerco, Inc. v. Grand Ridge Props. IV, LLC, 159 Wash. App. 536, 542,
248 P.3d 1047(2011).
                                      -10-
No. 75449-1-1/ 11

                                Prefiling Restrictions

       Next, Blakey challenges the trial court's imposition of restrictions on

Blakey's ability to file future claims against the Wrens.

       Washington courts have the power to "provide for the orderly conduct of

proceedings before it or its officers."2° Thus, courts have discretion to "place

reasonable restrictions on any litigant who abuses the judicial process."21 For

instance, "trial courts have the authority to enjoin a party from engaging in

litigation upon a 'specific and detailed showing of a pattern of abusive and

frivolous litigation.'"22 We review a trial court order limiting a party's access to the

court for abuse of discretion.23

       Here, the trial court found that Blakey's "dogged pursuit of claims that

have been rejected on numerous occasions is an abuse of the judicial system."

It concluded that Blakey's "attempts to relitigate the issues decided in this case,

either at the original trial, in the subsequent post-trial motions, or in the appeal of

the decisions rendered, constitute [a] pattern of abusive and frivolous litigation."

The court noted that the assessment of more than $120,000 in attorney fees

against Blakey had not deterred her from repeatedly asserting the same claim.

       20RCW 2.28.010(3).
       21Yurtis v. Phipps, 143 Wash. App. 680, 693, 181 P.3d 849(2008).
      22 Yurtis, 143 Wash. App. at 693 (quoting Whatcom County v. Kane, 31 Wn.
App. 250, 253,640 P.2d 1075 (1981)).
      23 Bay v. Jensen, 147 Wash. App. 641, 657, 196 P.3d 753(2008).
                                      -11-
No. 75449-1-1/ 12

Thus, the court restricted Blakey from filing a suit against the Wrens or their

attorneys "arising out of or related to the same facts or cause of action as those

herein. . . without first seeking permission of the court." Given Blakey's repeated

attempts to litigate her adverse possession claim, the trial court did not abuse its

discretion by imposing this restriction.

                                Discovery Sanctions

       Blakey contends that the trial court abused its discretion by failing to

sanction the Wrens for their discovery violation. She asserts that CR 26 requires

sanctions.24 But the court already sanctioned the Wrens for failing to produce the

photographs in the second action. The court did not abuse its discretion when it

declined to award Blakey additional sanctions.25

                                   Attorney Fees

       The Wrens ask the court to award attorney fees under RCW 4.24.630 and

RAP 18.1. RAP 18.1 allows the Court of Appeals to award attorney fees on

appeal when applicable law authorizes them.           RCW 4.24.630 states that a

trespasser is liable for reasonable attorney fees. We grant the Wrens' request

for attorney fees subject to their compliance with RAP 18.1.

       24 Carlson v. Lake Chelan Cmty. Hosp., 116 Wash. App. 718, 737, 75 P.3d
533(2003).
       25 Even if Blakey were correct that the Wrens should be sanctioned again
for essentially the same discovery violation, she may not seek that relief in a
CR 60(b) motion. Geonerco, 159 Wash. App. at 542 (holding that courts may not
grant affirmative relief under CR 60(b)).
                                        -12-
No. 75449-1-1/ 13

       Blakey also seeks attorney fees but because she does not prevail, we

deny her request.

                                  CONCLUSION

       Because any failure by the Wrens to produce photographs did not harm

Blakey's ability to present her case, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by

denying CR 60(b) relief. And in light of Blakey's voluminous and vexatious
      _
litigation history, during which she repeatedly asserted the same theories and

arguments, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by imposing prefiling

restrictions. We affirm.

WE CONCUR:

                                        -13-