Court Opinion

ID: 2660325
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-04-03 04:25:15.917366+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:58:53.806895
License: Public Domain

FILED n

.|UL 2 lt 2013

C|efk, U.S. Disfricf & Bankfl|pf¢]'
Courts for the Dlstrict of Culumbla

REDACTED

Crirxiinsil Nu. IU-ZF.*T -'f"{{i\’)

U`\"! l'f~fi) ST ATFS DIS`FRI(`T C(`)IYHT
F()R TTIT" D]S'I`TRI("I` OF COLU]\’I}'HA

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l)v.";‘zwclant. i

(Niay 3<)` 2013) ° --_--_i _

T`>.~f`::r,;i:‘:~.'. Si<‘;~¥vrr~ "ir)»Wnc» Kiz‘.; is chzu.~=cd *;~j»' infii-.“!m<'r:i with ":z: count 0{`
una:xi?:<)r§r.c"i ciisclosa:rc of`f.a»"<')nai ¢:‘;:?"~.“r~v=c: infov':*alic)n in vic)l.'iti<.zz 01"1$ ’i !>`.C. § 793(d), :zv.~'i
ucc court <)f`::\.~‘,kinz false sln*.r:.:n<:.::rs in vio\at.ion »"" 18 U.S.(,`. § 1001(3:1“7_`3"=. I‘ ¢:r‘.'z.'
rnf\t:'~')ns ?7;>:' a y":‘.!<:ctivc orcici P:'czc<~dura.’iy, the Cour‘! .“d=:lre$.<‘~c€ fhc ,'B'.:f`e:`.;!.'~in?`s sand rf~.~:
G:m'l'iixp out cf
thc Statc Dz‘ra:".:ilt:nt hcadqt:."x:'trrrs, ptil)li::lr:d an article entitled “*~lc~r‘l‘. Kr)~<:a intends to Na‘.c?"=

U.N. Rc~.r,ltitioxi with Ncw Nuclenr 'lcsl." Gov`t’s Opp’n al 8; D~?f.‘s l"i:':=$ Mot., Ex. 2 (Ror.cn

Articlc).

 

ln .l‘t:ztc' 2{)(!9. thc Dcl"nndant ~.vas cl ’.hc‘ `{`ltent“j,' of
the Dct"cnss, TI(`?* N<). (96]. T‘a.e Govcrnrmnt has sincc filed two additional ex parte motions for
;~r<»te,c*.i~.'c nx'c!c»'s, the latter of which also .<:~»'es as an ex parte :drtcn:lun~, to it= (`>ppositic)n to ‘J.z-:
.’t~fcnd:znt’s C»\:~“ mr~*_ions m ct ‘v,pc} a"d attached unredaclcd \"s.z‘;ir)ns of sense of '.‘.~.c dnc~.xnz:r.ts
at Z'=stxc in "~.c Y`)c.’a'nclant’s I'~`i:'sf Motion m Comj‘~v!. Tl')c Co':r*. further ort'.crcc‘. the Gnx'emrncnt
to submit unr:>d.')c'.r~-;‘t vers§o.'zs of to the
Couxt f`r>r rc<.'icve, acconz;):l.'z:`ted by a su;»_r.f:mcn?a! p¥<~.;zd§ng; ex;)!airing certain ;:dactions ,°z’<’

Gov".’s Suppl., E€ ".~* No. [106].7 'T!~xc Couxt considered each of t.“.§~sc: submissions in additixi'-xu to

` the pazrtics' briefs in resolving the Dct`<\~...atxt’s Fourth M;:‘_.‘czn to Cnmpc!.

Il. I.EG.AL .‘\"I`.AT\'!)A!€I)

)’:zz'.'~'::axtt to .'~`~:dcral Rulc of Criminal Pro<‘cdttre 16(¢), "{u]p<\n a dcf`enci:x:zt’s :~cquc¢.“.. thc
jgovsrr~m¢:nz: must permit thc defendant to ix::;m:ct and to <;opy" any item that is rvithi~.~. the
Govcmmcnt‘s ";\ozzccssz'nn cus'!ody, ar c<*ntrol," and is "mzzteri::! to preparing the dc:f`cnsc." ¥~`z~d.
R. Cr. P. lé(c). Tbc Go'»'cm:netux must disclose in.formation soug,.‘:t t_and¢:r this m?c ":)n!y if such

7 . . ‘
Thc Gn='f‘,'nm:~nt Sub:'mtted the tmredaczcd copw:z:  to t’rr:

(10::"‘ tm a road mci return hasis.

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evsdcn¢.z‘ enables the defendant sig;:iiiic:.'ttiy tc alter thc quantum of`prooi` in his !`ax=ni'_" Un»"~'»r:z’
Slatc'.v v_ M )r,vhal¢’, 132 F.Bd F)';‘. 67 (D.C. Cir. i‘?‘??,€) (citation c'r~§tlz':.’i_).

./\ r~~».z';~ "*:i'v;‘€’~,!_ *iire:.‘»pn_". test applies where '.lzc Dvf<‘nd:)'it s:'c‘ks clas:=ii`icd E::f`:irii::».‘,ic»r.
!".'nm 1‘1': (`io\'=\fn:ii‘~‘:»r i"`ir‘., the I`):'fcndn')t rr.i.xsi .'w hurdle of r».~ic\"~.v.:»'~ " U)ziled .S`trllc.s' v_ )’:;)r?r, 867 F.Zd 617, 623 {_D.(f_`._ Cir. !QRQ). Sc'~¢»nd,
‘.‘~r_- (`.n:\~t ".'»‘hoiild deirnnine if the zisscnion ot";irivilcgc by fha Qo\‘rz'z:mr:nf is at least a co!or:b!e
:=ri'z." r'¢'}. i"in:iiiy_ 'Z:" f"»; :fz;iazit z‘;:)sl ."~‘~owv ?h')t thc ir'.f-rn'i;tti»i: sontzht "is at 'ea€t `lrelpf`i.:! in
the '?cfv'n".c <)i` §'=\.s¢:} accused "’ Ia’. (qtlotin;; Rov)`a.='o v. Unilc>.d .S`!czle.s‘, 353 U.S. ‘3. 643-61
(19_"\7}). "Tziis _<:vru:, Unz'fed .S`,'.v.' ex v. Rcz,.~:_:. 134 Y* 3d 11?.!.
1142 (D.(f. Cii: IE)_‘?X)).

'l"¢:~ i)c:fv~." hint t""'€hcr w u\»':~:~ in cr,r,".;)e} pursuant to /`?»'adv v. )\443 F.3d 436, 456 (D.C. Cir. 2006) Lquot`:ng Slrz'cklc.'r 1a ='»`.»czr~)¢:'. 
L.S. 263, 283-82 (1999)). "\Vhiic Brad_v information is plainly subsumed within the !ar_.;c:'
category of int"crrnv.tioxi that is ‘at !cast he!pfu!’ to the defendant ii‘~t"t\z‘rnation can b¢ `.*~.e!p.”‘.>!
without being  o»“:bi<:’ in ‘»i‘.;~ Braa,‘y .ri:ing the substitutions in qu¢:stion. fn tcrzxzs of his s=,z‘.~,a‘.:tntivc :'<:-;;'.xc:.‘.

fur disclosure 01" t'hc Cc)ur*. finds thn!, un the present

rsc,ord, the I`)¢ft:rt<};u:t has failed to make a sufficient showing

    
    

would bc
rclc' `..zt and lrcl;~’u} m the dc‘”:nsc- Acc<)rdingl_\', on this rcc¢rd. 'hc (,`01:'*. :~‘¥z':lt :‘I;~z~.j.' *?';<1
I)»:f'<‘zadrxn‘.’s nw'»?ir 

/l. 7')',”.'."?:;; of-S`u£~.v.'.".'zaict'e.r

Y‘uxz=:'.azrt 10 motion 4 r, the \":assificd lnfc'.-mx:z‘\.i.')n I‘roccdur:~: Aut (“<',"XPA"), 18 U.S.C.
A',*;~ 3 § ~’l, "up:»=: a <\z{`i`xcicnt showing," thc Court may authorize f!rc'(`»ovc~rv.‘~~.::~:\t to "dc!ct-:
spc‘.t‘.if’_zvft ircn~s' of c]a-sif‘c~ri ir\f<:'.~n;.'ztion *"rr‘m docw.xznent's to be made available 10 tl)-? d':.’\~:zd::n’
thmtzg*_!:;nzt di.\~cr)\'-:~:'j.'," or "10 substitute a summary of the i:;’r»rv:.cz!i~;)n f.: <»~.ch cl:.sult if not =lr,~¢_r»i»a::§ble ‘Fr,~i the Cio\'t::'z)zi=.cr~.t 10
pr<)¢:~:cute  involving classified in.i`orn‘iation if it could not follow the pra~::i:~,c :~m»~.loyi‘<* hj<
‘_‘zr; (iioverinn:~:" in tli~,'_q case ':"I.e Gov:~r;irr.;~i;t r.'ovided substitutions ¢'- :)."» to l`acil:".»ifc
clist'nv;‘\-v, l:r" Sou;:l~‘ nz:~ggrovzll <)l such practices tinder \'f.’!"A sc:~‘.ion 4 '.)i»ll:~:"‘ other (,`lt"’A
prr»<~c.~<'llz‘.'_"r. .'ir'.l i\x:‘ll h<‘?"-'>re a trial date has been set. M€»t'oc-ue~.»' 1‘\-',: (`-'):§21 routinely -.»i`l`vrc;l tli;~
p'zr‘\~` ‘\'=: ripp<)iiixr:if'> to brief discovery motions like the ',t»rt~s:‘;it 't'r\tior~, t»' c~":z:§‘=cl. but the
pni“ic~' elected to c‘~\~‘tinv.e ::‘.ec~‘.i:zg and coril`erriit;; before raising I.~“,z-‘,i:=r~ vs§fli ilv' (','.:>‘.z':".. "`i:r;l is
to say, if t. ': l)vi`cii`i:i:)t believed*sixl)stitutioris were prejudicing his ability to engage in
dis<;ti\'<~rj»', lie vo'-_ild have r:rf»~<-rl that issue with the Court earlier in discc'~'cr"y. "l`he Govc:~nrr.ez:"s
:i;~r~rr»:i;~,li will not ricr~.t~,<;,zz‘.s in q‘.:c!c what fhc Defcnd:\.~it doe.v know

  

REDACTED I CLEAR§D FOR PUBLlC RELEASE

~»~.

_ T§iis in[`n_~vnzxtion significantly undcrr:,iz',»cs the Dcfcn<*,:int's assertion f‘znz
 is helpful to the dcfcrss;»:; ln light of ‘.`nc (i<\vc~.'rtn)c’iil‘s

r=:;~,~c."\cn!:ifir>ns. thc"<' is no reason to hcli¢~vc that ‘l~xc. ‘H‘e:isc-n:~iblc~ investigation |'xl'vz dcl`.'_*r,:;c]

would :~ont=[oiz to compel other

 

Apart from his general assertion that-are per se helpful to the dct`enso. the

D:f`cizdant’s motion references

D¢f.'s Moi. at 9»1.0. nw i.=.cic of ftu~.im

 

detail from thc Dct`cndzmt precludes the Coun from finding that _

._____.__?i.___.._

ll

T:csc examples arc provided for explication ptupos¢s only. T`nc Cmu't does not
suggest that either would necessarily bc sufficient to compel the disclosure of

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_would be helpful to the clefense.

  

 

See szzr=ra at Sectic)n I.B.l (discussing the
- Dixrixu.j, thc mc'~:i and corz=.”er pmcess. the ` efendant rcqucs:€:".d and 'c.c.c-ivc-.d additional

materials reg:zrclixzg

  
 

G<)v’t’s Opp’n at """; 8/`27/!2 l.tr. G. lz':u\'c_v to A. lowell 1 l9.

Tlzc Dcfcndan'. ofl`crs nothing l`xsz~ther m show that
`i‘_"

vmuld bc useful to the dcf'cnsc: the Wcfcndanl does not prc.=scnt any

 1O dvinonstra‘ic the allegedly conflicting evidence
_ <=r w Mrw‘-'¢  w k“°wi"@_w°“ld

be helpful to the duction."' Dc?."s Mz)t. at ]2. T?:c only specific

ol)jc:.tiorx ic:\".txrzzl
t)bic~~tir)ii is r"\')t\l.

Sul~s::`ntivt:ly_ rh'~ l`\:fc~~.dant ::r;_:ti<:s that liu should bc prc~vidcr! with t~.:~.i<.dartcd conie< in
order to tl;~*..~r)\:in¢; "?"l*'.""' is attytiiing almut these ;is, thc Cou:*. finds that on the ;~.rc.=c:n‘ r<,~cm'd, the ‘_’J<:t`cr:d:it~.! is not

’lhc Governmc~,:)t initially substituted

 

in doc.un=.c:zts produced to the Defcndzint. zm:l has subsequently sougln leave nl` lthcl
Co:i:'! is make the substitutions tinder the Classificd information Prr>ccd~.ircs Act. '»"luc
(`xavoz'z‘tiii<’nt’s practice was appropriate in light of thc circ~»,tmstz~.ncc.s of this :a<»'c_ and did not

p:'c,'=udicr the i)ef`c::dartt 'l`he i)el`c .d:'if’s proc-:diir.~.' objection is moot in light of the

Govcrn;‘.icnt’s motion for a protective order authorizing the subs‘_it‘.xti<»ris. Wiil> respect 10 l‘.i.s~

   

substantive

  
     

not per se helpful to tile Defendant, p i:ularly in

w of the G<»'<>mm¢wt’s r<=rt¢s<=tlwtwr=s fiat _

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Furt'hcmnrc, despite the abundance of disc.a~¢:rr;' pr-:>'~.'icic~=" m ihc