Court Opinion

ID: 4536617
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-05-26 20:00:31.484435+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:48:56.443323
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAY 26 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No.    18-10425

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                1:16-cr-00069-LJO-SKO-10
 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM LEE,

                Defendant-Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Eastern District of California
                   Lawrence O’Neill, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 13, 2020
                             San Francisco, California

Before: WALLACE and R. NELSON, Circuit Judges, and GWIN,** District
Judge.

      Defendant William Lee appeals from his conviction and sentence after Lee

pleaded guilty to conspiring to commit murder in aid of racketeering, in violation

of 18 U.S.C. § 1959(a)(5). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
            The Honorable James S. Gwin, United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Ohio, sitting by designation.
affirm.

      Lee first challenges his conviction on the grounds that 18 U.S.C. § 1959 is

vague because he did not receive the acceptance-of-responsibility sentencing

reduction despite his plea and admission. Assuming that his vagueness challenge

is not waived, Lee’s argument is incorrect. Whether or not a district court applies

the acceptance-of-responsibility reduction following a defendant’s guilty plea and

factual proffer is not the test for a vagueness challenge. See Schwartzmiller v.

Gardner, 752 F.2d 1341, 1345 (9th Cir. 1984) (explaining that a statute is void for

vagueness if it fails to give adequate notice to people of ordinary intelligence

concerning the conduct it proscribes, or if it invites arbitrary and discriminatory

enforcement). Accordingly, we reject Lee’s vagueness challenge.

      Lee also challenges his sentence. Lee argues that the district court plainly

erred by using the wrong cross-reference in calculating Lee’s base offense level.

The district court used U.S.S.G. § 2A1.5—which applies to “Conspiracy or

Solicitation to Commit Murder”—and sets the base offense level at 33. Lee argues

that the district court should have used U.S.S.G. § 2A2.1—which applies to

“Assault with Intent to Commit Murder; Attempted Murder”—and sets the offense

level at 27 if the object of the offense would not have constituted first degree

murder.

      Lee’s sentencing challenge fails. The district court correctly used the
conspiracy to commit murder cross-reference listed at U.S.S.G. § 2A1.5(a). The

object of Lee and his coconspirators’ conspiracy, as stated clearly in the

indictment, was first degree murder. Lee admitted to conspiring to commit murder

at his plea hearing. Thus, the district court used the correct cross-reference.

      AFFIRMED.