Court Opinion

ID: 9478169
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-05 06:42:13.829107+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:46:17.025482
License: Public Domain

*676REINHARDT, Circuit Judge,
concurring:
I write separately only to add a word regarding the standard of proof to be applied in sentencing proceedings. While I believe that the preponderance of the evidence standard is appropriate for determining the facts in this instance, that is not necessarily the rule under all circumstances. For example, a higher standard may well be warranted in capital cases. As Judge Oakes said in a similar case when approving the use of the preponderance of the evidence test:
I think we may very well want to hold at some future time in some other context that proof by clear and convincing evidence is required as a matter of policy.
United States v. Lee, 818 F.2d 1052, 1058 (2nd Cir.1987) (Oakes, J., concurring).