Court Opinion

ID: 4927677
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-09-24 00:59:06.717746+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:13:28.408652
License: Public Domain

The opinion of the Court was prepared by
Whitman C. J.
— It is difficult to understand, from the report of the Judge, upon what he predicated^his instruction to to the jury, “ that if they found said Whitney was acquainted with the usage of said banks he was bound by the same;” and that, “ the notice by mail to the maker was sufficient to hold the indorser.” The proof, if any there was, of any usage of the banks, variant from the law merchant, is not stated. And if the usage were proved, that notice to the maker, by mail at Calais, from the plaintiff or his agents, the banks in Boston, was a sufficient demand upon the maker to render the indorser liable, upon notice to him of non-payment; still it would remain to -be proved, that the indorser was conusant of such usage; without which he could not be considered as having made his contract with reference to it, so as to render it obligatory upon him. Was there any such proof in this case ? The report says only, that “ Whitney had, through his agent, Charles E. Bowers, negotiated paper at several of the banks in Boston; which was made payable at said "banks.” It appears to have been upon this evidence, that the Judge instructed the jury, “ that if they found said Whitney was acquainted with the usage of said banks, he was bound by the same; and the notice by mail to the maker was a sufficient demand of pay*115incut on him to hold the indorsor.” The proof of the defendant’s knowledge of usage was only as to his knowledge of their usage, in reference to notes payable at the banks; and it does not appear how that could have varied from the law merchant. In such case it was not even necessary to send notice to the maker. A demand at a bank there, and notice by mail to the indorser, was all that, was necessary in such cases, without, regard to any usage of the banks. The word Boston, preceding the date of the note, could have no effect upon the transaction, other than to lead a holder, who had no knowledge of the places of residence of the parties, which was not the case here, to suppose that the maker and indorser might be found there. The instruction, therefore, upon the facts as reported, was erroneous. The jury were not authorized to infer from such facts, that the defendant was apprised of any such usage as would be indispensable to the maintenance of this action.
As to whether the day of payment was extended, by agreement between the maker and the plaintiff, it seems to us, that the instruction to the jury was not what the facts demanded. There was, manifestly, an understanding between the parties, to extend the day of payment. It was, as reported, to the effect, that, if the maker would deposite, as collateral security, in the hands of Messrs. Bridges and Abbot, for the benefit of the plaintiff, securities to the amount of the note in question, that further time should be given for payment; and it does not appear that the defendant had notice of, or was consenting to it. The case finds, that, in pursuance of the agreement, the securities were furnished; and measures taken to collect them; and that the proceeds, when collected, were paid over to the plaintiff We think the instruction, that the agreement must be such “ that the maker of said note could sustain an action against the plaintiff if he violated it,” was incorrect. This would imply that an action at law must be maintainable against the plaintiff if he violated his agreement. Surely if the agreement between the maker and payee were such as might be enforced in equity, by injunction or otherwise, the indorser would be discharged. The rule, as laid down, seems to be, that *116if the holder, by an agreement with the maker, has incapacitated himself to proceed against him, the indorser will be dis-* charged. Bank of the United States v. Hatch, 6 Peters, 250; Leavitt v. Savage, 16 Maine R. 72; Greely v. Dow, 2 Met. 176; Gifford v. Allen & al. 3 Met. 255.
The verdict therefore' must be set aside and a new trial he granted.