Court Opinion

ID: 9931305
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-08 19:01:28.507661+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:18:06.235575
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                         FILED
                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         FEB 8 2024
                                                                     MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MARIA EMILIA MURCIA                             No. 22-1920
GUTIERREZ; ASHLEY MICHELLE                      Agency Nos.
MEJIA MURCIA,
                                                A209-482-417
                                                A209-482-418
              Petitioners,

  v.                                            MEMORANDUM*

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

              Respondent.

                    On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                        Board of Immigration Appeals

                             Submitted February 6, 2024 **
                                Pasadena, California

Before: WARDLAW, FRIEDLAND, and SUNG, Circuit Judges.

       Maria Emilia Murcia Gutierrez and her minor daughter (collectively

“Petitioners”) are natives and citizens of El Salvador. They petition for review of a

       *    This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
       **   The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
decision by the Board of Immigration Appeals affirming the Immigration Judge’s

denial of their applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection

under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). 1 We have jurisdiction under 8

U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the petition.

      Even assuming that the extortion by gang members rose to the level of

persecution or that Petitioners established a well-founded fear of future

persecution, Petitioners fail to demonstrate any nexus to membership in a

cognizable particular social group . Substantial evidence supports the agency’s

determination that Petitioners’ proposed social group—“women who are targets of

gang violence and extortion due to having minor children who are vulnerable to

being raped, killed, or kidnapped”—lacks social distinction. Villegas Sanchez v.

Garland, 990 F.3d 1173, 1181 (9th Cir. 2021). Petitioners have not pointed to any

“evidence showing that society in general perceives, considers, or recognizes ” the

members of their proposed group as a group. Id. at 1180–81 (quoting Matter of W-

G-R-, 26 I. & N. Dec. 208, 217 (BIA 2014)). Accordingly, we deny the petition as

to the asylum and withholding of removal claims.

      1 The BIA affirmed the decision of the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) without

opinion, so we review the IJ’s decision as if it were the BIA’s decision. Antonio v.
Garland, 58 F.4th 1067, 1072 (9th Cir. 2023). We refer to the BIA and IJ
collectively as the “agency.”

                                        2                                  22-1920
         Substantial evidence also supports the agency’s determination that

Petitioners are ineligible for CAT protection. The record does not compel the

conclusion that it is more likely than not that Petitioners will be tortured if they

return to El Salvador given that Petitioners were never subject to any physical

harm and that their immediate family members have lived in relative safety in El

Salvador—closer to the center of the city than Petitioners did—without any

incidents with gangs. Guo v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 1208, 1217 (9th Cir. 2018)

(stating standards for CAT protection); Aguilar Fermin v. Barr, 958 F.3d 887, 893

(9th Cir. 2020) (explaining that an applicant’s ability to relocate within the country

is relevant to the CAT inquiry). Accordingly, we deny the petition as to the CAT

claim.

         PETITION DENIED.

                                         3                                  22-1920