Court Opinion

ID: 9942695
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-21 18:13:29.663807+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:48:26.950711
License: Public Domain

02/21/2024
            IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                              AT JACKSON
                              Assigned on Briefs January 3, 2024

               FARRIS LAMONT KIDD v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                    Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County
                       No. C-22-173        Donald H. Allen, Judge
                        ___________________________________

                               No. W2023-00601-CCA-R3-PC
                           ___________________________________

Petitioner, Farris Lamont Kidd, pleaded guilty to five separate charges, and received an
effective fourteen-year sentence. Thereafter, Petitioner filed a pro se petition for post-
conviction relief, which the post-conviction court denied after a hearing. On appeal,
Petitioner argues he received ineffective assistance of counsel. After review, we affirm the
judgment of the post-conviction court.

   Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

MATTHEW J. WILSON, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which J. ROSS DYER and
JOHN W. CAMPBELL, SR., JJ., joined.

J. Colin Morris, Jackson, Tennessee, for the appellant, Farris Lamont Kidd.

Jonathan Skrmetti, Attorney General and Reporter; James E. Gaylord, Senior Assistant
Attorney General; Jody S. Pickens, District Attorney General; and Al Earls, Assistant
District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                               OPINION

                                   I. Facts and Procedural History

                                     A. Guilty Plea Proceedings

       On July 19, 2021, Petitioner, who was charged in two separate cases in Madison
County Circuit Court, pleaded guilty to five separate charges pursuant to a plea agreement
with the State1. Petitioner, who was indigent, was represented by the 26th Judicial District

        1
          The written plea agreement is not contained within the record in this case; however, the agreement
was announced during the hearing where Petitioner entered his guilty pleas before the trial court. A
transcript of the hearing is contained within the record.
Public Defender’s Office, and several attorneys with that office, including Counsel and Co-
counsel, consulted with him from the time of his arrest until he entered his guilty pleas,
when he was represented by Counsel. In Case Number 20-576, Petitioner pleaded guilty
to attempted second degree murder (a Class B felony), attempted aggravated robbery, and
employing a firearm during the commission of a dangerous felony (both Class C felonies).
In Case Number 20-577, Petitioner pleaded guilty to simple possession of marijuana, and
possession of drug paraphernalia (both Class A misdemeanors). In exchange for his guilty
pleas, Petitioner was classified as a Range I offender and would serve concurrent sentences
of eight years for the attempted second degree murder, six years for the attempted
aggravated robbery, and eleven months and twenty-nine days for the marijuana and drug
paraphernalia possession. Petitioner also agreed to serve six years for employing a firearm
during the commission of a dangerous felony, consecutively to his other sentences, for an
effective sentence of fourteen years in the Tennessee Department of Correction (TDOC).

        During the hearing in which the trial court accepted Petitioner’s guilty pleas, the
following exchange occurred:

      The Court:    Now, is this guilty plea being entered freely and voluntarily here
                    today?

      The Court:    [Petitioner?]

      Petitioner:   Yes, sir.

      The Court:    Has any force or pressure been applied to you or any threats or
                    promises been made to you to cause you to plead guilty?

      Petitioner:   No, sir.

      ....

      The Court:    Now, are . . . you satisfied with your lawyer’s representation in your
                    case?

      Petitioner:   Yes, sir.

      ....

      The Court:    Again, are you satisfied with [Counsel’s] representation?

      Petitioner:   Yes, sir.
                                           -2-
       ....

       The Court:    Now, is there anything that your attorney . . . has done or said that
                     you feel like you need to address the [c]ourt about at this time?

       Petitioner:   No, sir.

       The Court:    Do . . . you feel like you fully understand what you are doing by
                     pleading guilty here today?

       ....

       Petitioner:   I do.

       ....

       The Court:    Of course, you’ll be transferred to [TDOC] to serve the total
                     effective sentence of [fourteen] years. Do you understand that?

       Petitioner:   Yes, sir.

       The Court : Of course, six years will be served at 100 percent and then the
                   eight[-]year sentence will be served at [thirty] percent. Do you
                   understand that?

       Petitioner:   Yes, sir.

       The Court:    Now, any questions about plea arrangement or about what your
                     sentence will be, [Petitioner]?

       Petitioner:   No, sir.

       The Court:    And based upon everything that we’ve discussed, do you still wish
                     to go forward with this guilty plea?

       Petitioner:   Yes, sir.

       The trial court accepted Petitioner’s guilty pleas and pursuant to the plea agreement
sentenced Petitioner to an effective fourteen-year sentence in TDOC.

                                            -3-
                               B. Post-Conviction Petition and Hearing

       On July 18, 2022, Petitioner timely filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief
raising a number of claims. As relevant to this appeal, Petitioner argued that Counsel and
Co-counsel were ineffective in failing to explain to Petitioner that he would serve the six-
year firearms sentence consecutively to the eight-year sentence for attempted second
degree murder.2 The post-conviction court found that Petitioner had presented a colorable
claim, and appointed post-conviction counsel to represent Petitioner in the proceedings.
Post-conviction counsel did not file an amended petition for post-conviction relief.

       The case proceeded to a hearing on November 23, 2022. The State exhibited a copy
of Petitioner’s guilty plea transcript at the hearing. Three witnesses testified: Petitioner,
Counsel, and Co-counsel. Petitioner testified that shortly after he was indicted, another
attorney with the public defender’s office visited him in jail and discussed various aspects
of his criminal case. Petitioner stated that he told the other attorney that he would plead
guilty “if I could get anything under [ten years] . . . but I wanted it at [thirty] percent.”
Petitioner indicated that he believed it was in his “best interest not to risk the potential of
getting [thirty-one] years at basically 100 percent in [his] case.”

       Petitioner testified that Co-counsel “explained the plea deal to me” over video
conference. Petitioner said understanding that he was “getting a flat out [eight]” because
Petitioner said he was told that he would serve “maybe [five] more years and get out.”
Petitioner recalled pleading guilty before the trial court, but claimed he did not understand
he received consecutive sentences until he was “already in TDOC” and when he “filled out
the post-conviction.” When Petitioner was asked how he misunderstood his sentence after
it was explained by both defense counsel and the judge, Petitioner indicated that he did not
“know what consecutive” meant and that he “just found out what consecutive was.”

       On cross-examination, Petitioner admitted to signing the plea agreement from the
State. Petitioner repeated that he thought he was receiving concurrent eight- and six-year
sentences, but admitted “I know what [fourteen] is.” When asked why he told the trial
court that he understood the plea offer, he stated his attorney told him he had to “say yes
to what the judge is going to say.” Petitioner claimed “I didn’t know [anything] about a
[fourteen]-year sentence. I thought I was doing an [eight]-year sentence.” He admitted, “I
knew I had the [six]-year sentence,” but claimed the eight-year sentence would “eat up

        2
          In his appellate brief, Petitioner also claims another attorney, who had left the public defender’s
office prior to Petitioner’s guilty plea, was ineffective in his representation of Petitioner. However,
Petitioner did not specifically allege this claim in his original petition, neither Petitioner nor the State called
this attorney as a witness at the post-conviction hearing, and the post-conviction court’s order did not
address this attorney’s actions. Accordingly, Petitioner claim as to this attorney’s representation is waived.
See Tenn. Code Ann. 40-30-106(g).
                                                      -4-
everything.” Despite his claims, Petitioner admitted to answering affirmatively to the trial
court when it explained Petitioner was receiving a fourteen-year sentence.

       Co-counsel testified that the public defender’s office was appointed to represent
Petitioner after he was indicted in his underlying case and that private counsel had
represented Petitioner at his preliminary hearing in General Sessions court. Co-counsel
said that another attorney with the office initially had represented Petitioner at arraignment
before the attorney left the office for other employment. Regarding Co-counsel’s
involvement, she stated that she had assisted in obtaining discovery from the State but was
not sure if she even “came to court on [Petitioner’s] case.” She testified she met with
Petitioner “a few times,” both in-person and in the “kiosk,” including a meeting with
Petitioner, Counsel, and herself. Co-Counsel reviewed the discovery file “up one side and
down the other” with Petitioner. Co-counsel was able to negotiate what she believed to be
a favorable plea agreement for Petitioner for the effective fourteen-year sentence. When
she met with Petitioner, she said she told Petitioner that he would “have to finish one
[sentence], no matter the percentage, before you start the second.” She explained that she
was confident that Petitioner understood the terms of his guilty plea because he was
“articulate” in their conversations, and they discussed his plea deal at length.

        Counsel, who represented Petitioner during his guilty plea, testified that he
explained the plea agreement to Petitioner, including the consecutive sentence in “layman’s
terms.” He described his general approach to explaining consecutive sentences to criminal
defendants, making sure they understand “one time period ends for one change,” then “the
other one begins.” Counsel was “absolutely positive” he explained the difference between
concurrent and consecutive sentences, and stated that if he failed to adequately explain the
issue to Petitioner, the trial court was “very thorough” and would have made the difference
“very clear” to Petitioner in the plea colloquy. Counsel stated he believed that Petitioner
“clearly understood” that he would serve a fourteen-year sentence, and he indicated so to
Petitioner, “otherwise, [Counsel] would have never approached the [c]ourt with a plea
offer.”

       The post-conviction court took the matter under advisement and denied Petitioner’s
request for relief on December 12, 2022 in a detailed written order. The court found that
Petitioner “failed to prove the allegations in his Petition,” and that “the advice given and
the services rendered by trial counsel were certainly within the range of competence
demanded of attorneys representing defendants in criminal cases.” The post-conviction
court credited the testimony of Counsel and Co-counsel on the issue that Petitioner “fully
understood” he was receiving a fourteen-year sentence. Further, the court credited
Petitioner’s testimony at his plea hearing that Petitioner was not under the influence of any
mind-altering substance and was not pressured, threatened, or forced into pleading guilty.
The court did not credit Petitioner’s testimony at the post-conviction hearing, finding
                                            -5-
Petitioner’s testimony “untruthful” on whether Petitioner understood he was receiving a
fourteen-year sentence by pleading guilty. Petitioner’s appeal followed.

                                         II. Analysis

        On appeal Petitioner argues his attorneys were ineffective in advising Petitioner
about the terms of his plea agreement with the State. Specifically, he argues that his
attorneys (and the trial court) “should have been extraordinarily careful in explaining
[Petitioner] his rights and the length of his sentence.” The State responds that Petitioner
has failed to meet his burden to show his attorneys performed deficiently, and has failed to
show any prejudice. We agree with the State.

        To obtain post-conviction relief, a petitioner must establish his or her “conviction
or sentence is void or voidable because of the abridgement of any right guaranteed by the
Constitution of the United States or Tennessee Constitution.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-
103. A petitioner bears the burden of proving the factual allegations contained in the
petition by clear and convincing evidence. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f); see Dellinger
v. State, 279 S.W.3d 282, 296 (Tenn. 2009). “Evidence is clear and convincing when there
is no serious or substantial doubt about the correctness of the conclusions drawn from the
evidence.” Hicks v. State, 983 S.W.2d 240, 245 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998) (citing Hodges
v. S.C. Toof & Co., 833 S.W.2d 896, 901 n.3 (Tenn. 1992)). Appellate courts do not
reassess the post-conviction court’s determination of the credibility of witnesses.
Dellinger, 279 S.W.3d at 292 (citing R.D.S. v. State, 245 S.W.3d 356, 362 (Tenn. 2008)).
Assessing the credibility of witnesses is a matter entrusted to the post-conviction judge as
the trier of fact. R.D.S., 245 S.W.3d at 362 (quoting State v. Odom, 928 S.W.2d 18, 23
(Tenn. 1996)). On appeal, a post-conviction court’s factual findings will not be disturbed
unless the evidence contained in the record preponderates against the findings. Brooks v.
State, 756 S.W.2d 288, 289 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1988); Clenny v. State, 576 S.W.2d 12, 14
(Tenn. Crim. App. 1978). On the other hand, conclusions of law are given no presumption
of correctness on appeal. Dellinger, 279 S.W.3d at 293; Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450,
457-58 (Tenn. 2001). We review “a post-conviction court’s conclusion of law, decisions
involving mixed questions of law and fact, and its application of law to its factual findings
de novo without a presumption of correctness.” Whitehead v. State, 402 S.W.3d 615, 621
(Tenn. 2013) (first citing Felts v. State, 354 S.W.3d 266, 276 (Tenn. 2011); and then citing
Calvert v. State, 342 S.W.3d 477, 485 (Tenn. 2011)). Even so, the post-conviction court’s
underlying findings of fact may not be disturbed unless the evidence preponderates against
them. Dellinger, 279 S.W.3d at 294 (Tenn. 2009) (first citing Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d); and
then citing Vaughn v. State, 202 S.W.3d 106, 115 (Tenn. 2006)). As a result, the appellate
court is “not free to re-weigh or reevaluate the evidence, nor [is it] free to substitute [its]
own inferences for those drawn by the post-conviction court.” Whitehead, 402 S.W.3d at
621 (citing State v. Honeycutt, 54 S.W.3d 762, 766 (Tenn. 2001)).
                                             -6-
       Both the United States Constitution and the Constitution of the State of Tennessee
guarantee criminal defendants the right to effective assistance of counsel. U.S. Const.
amend VI; Tenn. Const. art. I, § 9. Under the Sixth Amendment to the United States
Constitution, when a petitioner raises an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the burden
is on the petitioner to show both (1) counsel’s performance was deficient and (2) the
deficiency was prejudicial. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984); see
Lockhart v. Fretwell, 506 U.S. 364, 368-372 (1993). The Strickland standard has been
applied to the right to counsel under article I, section 9 of the Tennessee Constitution. State
v. Melson, 772 S.W.2d 417, 419 n.2 (Tenn. 1989).

        To prevail on such a claim, a petitioner must prove both prongs of the Strickland
test, and failure to prove either is “a sufficient basis to deny relief on the claim.” See Henley
v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 580 (Tenn. 1997). “[A] court need not address the components
in any particular order or even address both if the [petitioner] makes an insufficient
showing of one component.” Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996).

        To prove that counsel’s performance was deficient, a petitioner must establish that
his attorney’s conduct fell below an objective standard of reasonableness or “outside the
wide range of professionally competent assistance.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690.
Reviewing courts must determine whether advice given or services rendered are within the
range of competence required of attorneys. Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn.
1975). A review of trial counsel’s performance “requires that every effort be made to
eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight, to reconstruct the circumstances of counsel’s
challenged conduct, and to evaluate the conduct from counsel’s perspective at the time.”
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689. Additionally, in a guilty plea context, a petitioner “must show
‘prejudice’ by demonstrating that, but for counsel’s errors, he would not have pleaded
guilty but would have insisted upon going to trial. Hicks v. State, 983 S.W.2d 240, 246
(Tenn. Crim. App. 1998); see also Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59 (1985).

       Here, the post-conviction court found that the testimony of Petitioner’s attorneys
was credible on whether they advised Petitioner on the plea offer. Specifically, the court
noted Co-counsel’s testimony that she “fully explained” Petitioner’s fourteen-year
sentence to him, and it found this testimony was “truthful and correct.” The court also
noted Counsel and Co-counsel both testified that Petitioner “fully understood what he was
doing by pleading guilty and that he wanted to accept the State’s [p]lea offer of a total
effective sentence of [fourteen] years to serve.” The court found that the representation of
Counsel and Co-counsel “were well within the bounds of generally accepted professional
standards.”

                                              -7-
        The court found that Petitioner’s post-conviction hearing testimony was not credible
because his hearing testimony was directly contradicted by his attorneys’ testimony and
the sworn statements Petitioner had made at his plea hearing. The court recalled that during
Petitioner’s plea hearing, he had twice told the trial court he was satisfied with his legal
representation, that he had affirmed his guilt of the charges three times, and he had told the
trial court that he was freely knowingly, and voluntarily pleading guilty. Further, the post-
conviction court noted that Petitioner had told the trial court that he fully understood he
was receiving a fourteen-year sentence. Finally, the court noted that Petitioner had
admitted to filing his petition for post-conviction relief after he was denied parole.

        Regarding prejudice, the post-conviction court found that there was no evidence that
Petitioner “desired to go to trial in his two cases.” We find nothing in the record either.
As the State correctly points out in its brief, this alone defeats his claim. See Hill, 474 U.S.
at 59 (explaining that a petitioner “must show that there is a reasonable probability that,
but for counsel’s errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going
to trial”). In contrast, the testimony by Petitioner and his attorneys shows Petitioner always
desired to obtain a favorable plea offer, rather than receiving a thirty-one-year sentence at
100-percent service if he proceeded to trial.

       There is no evidence in the record which preponderates against the post-conviction
court’s findings. We agree with the post-conviction court that Petitioner’s attorneys
performed effectively, and Petitioner cannot show prejudice. We will not disturb the post-
conviction court’s credibility findings on appeal, and Petitioner is not entitled to relief.

                                       III. Conclusion

        Based on our review of the record and the foregoing reasons and authorities, we
conclude the post-conviction court properly denied Petitioner’s petition for post-conviction
relief. The judgment of the post-conviction court is affirmed.

                                                ____________________________________
                                                        MATTHEW J. WILSON, JUDGE

                                             -8-