Court Opinion

ID: 6336192
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-04-28 20:05:50.789762+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:08.701754
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

\ NUMBER 2021 CA 1386
SUCCESSION OF MRS. AUGUSTA WALMSLEY KING A/K/A MRS.
AUGUSTA WALMSLEY KING BEAUMONT

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On appeal from the
Twentieth Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of West Feliciana
State of Louisiana
Docket Number 1427

Honorable Kathryn E. Jones, Judge Presiding

KeKK KE

John Dale Powers Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellant
Baton Rouge, LA Katharine King Bingham
Robert T. Talley Counsel for Defendant/Appellee
Baton Rouge, LA Clayton M. Perkins, Jr.

KARR KEK

BEFORE: GUIDRY, HOLDRIDGE, AND CHUTZ, JJ.

CALt2, TS. ConcuSs a TA LC S01 poached

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GUIDRY, J.

In this appeal, the plaintiff challenges a judgment of the trial court that
sustained the defendant’s peremptory exceptions raising the objections of
prescription and no cause of action. For the reasons that follow, we reverse.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

This matter concerns the possession and ownership of certain movables. On
September 9, 2019, plaintiff, Katharine King Bingham filed a “MOTION TO
ENFORCE DISTRIBUTION OF A FORCED SETTLEMENT AND FOR
PRODUCTION OF PROPERTY TO HEIRS and/or LEGATEE,” seeking to be
placed into physical possession of certain movables from her mother’s succession.
Thereafter, On May 18, 2020, Ms. Bingham filed a supplemental and amending
petition wherein she converted her summary proceeding to a suit by ordinary
procedure.! Thereafter, on October 23, 2020, Clayton Perkins, Jr., defendant,
filed an exception raising the objection of prescription, along with exceptions
raising the objections of no right of action and no cause of action. Mr. Perkins
urged the objection of prescription based upon the accrual of prescription of 3, 5,
10, and 30 years.

A hearing on the peremptory exceptions was set for February 10, 2021.
Both parties, however, elected to forego the hearing and submit the matter on the
pleadings. The trial court sustained the exception of prescription “of 30 years
under Louisiana Civil Code article 3502” and also sustained the exception of no

cause of action.? The judgment was signed on June 28, 2021. Ms. Bingham now

 

' Because the appeal concerns peremptory exceptions, a petition is necessary for the exceptions
to be procedurally proper. See Dougherty v. Dougherty, 21-0433 (La. App. Ist Cir. 3/29/22),
__So.3d___, 2022WL909236, *4.

* Mr. Perkins was the husband of Ms. Bingham’s deceased sister, Carolyn King Perkins.

> All other exceptions filed by Mr. Perkins were denied.
appeals, asserting as error that the district court erred in granting the exceptions.*
DISCUSSION

We first address the plaintiff's assignment of error that the trial court erred
in sustaining the exception raising the objection of no cause of action. A cause of
action, for purposes of the peremptory exception, is defined as the operative facts
that give rise to the plaintiff's right to judicially assert the action against the
defendant. Ramey v. DeCaire, 03-1299, p. 7 (La. 3/19/04), 869 So. 2d 114, 118.
The burden of establishing that the petition fails to state a cause of action is on the
mover. MAW Enterprises, L.L.C. v. City of Marksville, 14-0090, p. 6 (La.
9/3/14), 149 So. 3d 210, 215. Generally, no evidence may be introduced to support
or controvert the exception of no cause of action. See La. C.C.P. art. 931. All
facts pled in the petition must be accepted as true, and any doubts are resolved in
favor of the sufficiency of the petition to state a cause of action. Truitt _v. West
Feliciana Parish Government, 19-0808, pp. 3-4 (La. App. Ist Cir. 2/21/20), 299 So.
3d 100, 103.

The only issue at the trial of the exception is whether, on the face of the
petition, the plaintiff is legally entitled to the relief sought. Truitt, 19-0808 at p. 4,
299 So. 3d at 103. If the petition alleges sufficient facts to establish a case
cognizable in law, the exception raising the objection of no cause of action must
fail. In addition, when a petition states a cause of action as to any ground or
portion of a demand, the exception should be overruled. Truitt, 19-0808 at p. 4,
299 So. 3d at 103. Appellate courts review a judgment sustaining a peremptory
exception raising the objection of no cause of action de novo. Ramey, 03-1299 at
pp. 7-8, 869 So. 2d at 119.

In the instant matter, the plaintiff alleges that she and her siblings, as heirs to

property, signed a stipulated judgment. A judgment of possession rendered in the

 

* While Mr. Perkins attempted to raise his own assignments of error in his brief, those
assignments were not considered as Mr. Perkins did not file an answer to the appeal.

3
succession was then signed by the court on November 9, 1990. The plaintiff
alleges that despite the judgment of possession, certain movable property was not
delivered to her.? Considering the plaintiffs petition, we cannot say it appears
beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of any claim
which would entitle her to relief. Rather, based on our review, the plaintiff has
stated a claim for which she can receive a legal remedy under the law.® Accepting
the allegations in the petition as true,’ we thus conclude the petition states a cause
of action. Therefore, we find the trial court erred in sustaining the peremptory
exception raising the objection of no cause of action.

As it concerns the objection of prescription, the trial court determined that
La. C.C. art. 3502 was applicable to the facts of the case, and that the plaintiffs
claims were prescribed after 30 years. The plaintiff, however, disputes the
applicability of Article 3502 to her case, and we are inclined to agree. Under La.
C.C. art. 3502, “[a]n action for the recognition of a right of inheritance and
recovery of the whole or part of a succession is subject to a liberative prescription
of thirty years.”

Liberative prescription is a mode of barring actions as a result of inaction for

a period of time. La. C.C. art. 3447. Ordinarily, the party pleading the exception

 

> The petition specifically lists property the plaintiff claims has not been provided to her. The
plaintiff prayed that she be placed in possession of all property “bequeathed” to her.

° In support of her cause of action, the plaintiff, Ms. Bingham, in her brief to this court, relies on
the sworn affidavit of Mr. Perkins, which we have not considered in making our determination.
As stated in Woodland Ridge Association v. Cangelosi, 94-2604, p. 3 (La. App. Ist Cir.
10/6/95), 671 So. 2d 508, 510, no evidence may be introduced to support or controvert the
exception, unless evidence is admitted without objection to enlarge the pleadings. In addition,
we note that no evidence was introduced at the hearing on the exception. Unless properly
offered and introduced into evidence, documents attached to memoranda do not constitute
evidence and cannot be considered as such on appeal. Atain Speciality Insurance Company v.
Premier Performance Marine, LLC, 15-1128, p. 6 (La. App. Ist Cir. 4/8/16), 193 So. 3d 187,
190.

7 Every reasonable interpretation must be accorded the language of the petition in favor of
maintaining its sufficiency and affording the plaintiff the opportunity to present evidence at trial.
CLBO61, Inc. v. Home Oil Company, LLC, 17-0557, p. 4 (La. App. Ist Cir. 11/1/17), 233 So. 3d
656, 660.
of prescription bears the burden of proving the claim has prescribed. However,
when the face of the petition reveals that the plaintiff's claim has prescribed, the
burden shifts to the plaintiff to show why the claim has not prescribed. Hogg v.
Chevron USA, Inc., 09-2632, p. 7 (La. 7/6/10), 45 So. 3d 991, 998. When, as in
this case, no evidence is introduced at the hearing to support or controvert the
exception of prescription, the exception must be decided upon facts alleged in the
petition with all allegations accepted as true. Harris v. Breaud, 17-0421, pp. 8-9
(La. App. Ist Cir. 2/27/18), 243 So. 3d 572, 578. If no evidence is introduced to
support or controvert the exception, the manifest error standard of review does not
apply, and the appellate court’s role is to determine whether the trial court’s ruling
was legally correct. Harris, 17-0421 at p. 9, 243 So. 3d at 578-579.

In addition, as found in Eastern Solutions, Inc. v. Al-Fouzan, 12-464, p. 4
(La. App. 3d Cir. 11/7/12), 103 So. 3d 1190, 1193, writ denied, 12-2623 (La.
1/25/13), 105 So. 3d 721, the character of an action disclosed in the pleadings
determines the prescriptive period applicable to that action. We further note that
the ownership of a thing and the possession of a thing are distinct. La. C.C. art.
481. Ownership exists independently of any exercise of it and may not be lost by
nonuse. Ownership is lost when acquisitive prescription accrues in favor of an
adverse possessor. La. C.C. art. 481. Louisiana Civil Code article 3502 must be

read in pari materia with Article 481. Fleniken v. Albritton, 566 So. 2d 1106,

 

1113 (La. App. 2d Cir. 1990).

In this matter, by a judgment of possession,® the plaintiff, Ms. Bingham,
asserts herself as the owner of certain movable property and seeks to recover that
property. Specifically, the petition in this matter alleges, in relevant part:

Ms. King passed away on January 6, 1988.

 

8 A judgment of possession is prima facie evidence of the right of the heirs in whose favor it was
rendered to take possession of the decedent’s estate. Guidry v. Dufrene, 96-0194, p. 4 (La. App.
Ist Cir. 11/8/96), 687 So. 2d 1044, 1046.
According to the Affidavit of Death, Domicile and Heirship,
she had four (4) children, namely, Frederick Jenks King, Jr., the
mover, Carolyn King Perkins, Katharine King Bingham and Thomas
Semmes Walmsley King.

On June 29, 1990, the heirs signed a Stipulated Judgment.
Based on that Stipulated Judgment, a Judgment of Possession
discharging Carolyn King Perkins as administratrix was signed by this
Honorable court on November 9, 1990.

[M]over shows that despite the orders of the court that she has
not been provided with the property described in Part B of the
Judgment of Possession ... .

The Mover desires that the Judgment of Possession be in force
and that the settlement of the estate occur pursuant to the Judgment of
Possession and Louisiana Law.?
The allegations of the petition in this matter show that a succession was
opened more than 30 years ago. However, with claims therein of ownership and
entitlement to recovery of property already owned by virtue of a judgment, the

prescription of Article 3502 would not accrue in favor of the defendant in this

matter. See generally In re Succession of Helms, 15-0851 (La. App. Ist Cir.

 

12/23/15), 2015WL9436168, *8-9 (by a judgment of possession, the parties were
co-owners of succession property and the prescription of La. C.C. art. 3502 did not
accrue in favor of either party). Further, with no indication in the petition of when
another began to possess the property adversely to the rights of the plaintiff, the
subject claims are not prescribed on the face of the petition. See generally
Fleniken, 566 So. 2d at 1113 (co-owners may show they possessed the property
adversely to prove prescription).

Consequently, because the plaintiff's claims were not prescribed on the face

of the petition, the defendant, as the exceptor, had the burden of proving the facts

 

° While the petition states that a judgment of possession is attached to it, the petition in the
record does not have an attachment (although the record contains the judgment of possession).
to support his exception. However, without evidence in support of the exception,!°
the defendant failed to carry his burden of proof. We therefore conclude the trial
court legally erred in sustaining the exception raising the objection of prescription
and dismissing the plaintiffs claims with prejudice.
CONCLUSION

For the above and foregoing reasons, the trial court’s June 28, 2021
judgment sustaining the peremptory exceptions raising the objections of
prescription and no cause of action is reversed. This matter is remanded for further
proceedings. All costs of this appeal are assessed to the defendant/appellee,
Clayton M. Perkins, Jr.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

 

' No evidence was introduced at the hearing on the exception.