Court Opinion

ID: 6028
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 05:12:20+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:30:32.473203
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                      FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

                          __________________

                              No. 92-5308
                           Summary Calendar
                          __________________

     DEBORAH A. KERSHAW,

                                         Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                versus

     DONNA E. SHALALA
     Secretary, Department of
     Health and Human Services,

                                         Defendant-Appellee.

          ______________________________________________

      Appeal from the United States District Court for the
                  Western District of Louisiana
         ______________________________________________

                          (November 23, 1993)

Before GARWOOD, SMITH and DEMOSS, Circuit Judges.

GARWOOD, Circuit Judge:

     Plaintiff-appellant     Deborah   Kershaw   (Kershaw)   filed   in

district court a motion for attorneys' fees and expenses under the

Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA), 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d), after the

district court had remanded her suit challenging the denial of her

application for Social Security disability benefits.     The district

court entered an order staying the application for fees pending the

resolution of the administrative proceedings on remand. Because we

conclude we are without appellate jurisdiction, we dismiss the

appeal.
                    Facts and Proceedings Below

     Kershaw sought judicial review of a final decision by the

Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secretary) denying her

application for disability benefits under the Social Security Act,

42 U.S.C. § 401 et seq.       The Secretary had ruled that Kershaw

failed to satisfy step four of the sequential evaluation because

she was capable of returning to her prior work as a waitress.1      On

November 6, 1991, the district court ruled that the record did not

contain substantial evidence to sustain the Secretary's decision

and entered an order reversing her determination as to step four

and remanding the case for further proceedings to determine if

Kershaw was capable of performing other employment. On January 17,

1992, Kershaw filed an EAJA motion to recover attorneys' fees and

expenses incurred   in   successfully   challenging   the   Secretary's

determination of step four.    On April 7, 1992, ruling that Kershaw

was not a "prevailing party" because any benefits she might receive

were contingent on the administrative proceedings on remand, the

magistrate judge ordered that the application for fees be held in

1
     The Secretary evaluates disability claims under the Social
Security Act through a five-step process: (1) Is the claimant
currently working? (2) Can the impairment be classified as
severe? (3) Does the impairment meet or equal a listed impairment
in Appendix One of the Secretary's regulations? (in which case,
disability is automatic) (4) Can the claimant perform her
previous relevant work? and (5) Is there other work available in
the national economy that the claimant can perform? 20 C.F.R.
404.1520, 416.920 (1992). In the present case, the Secretary
determined that (1) Kershaw had not engaged in substantial
gainful activity since 1986; (2) she had severe polymyositis; (3)
she did not have an impairment listed in Appendix One; but (4)
she was able to perform her previous relevant work. Once the
Secretary determined that Kershaw did not satisfy step four, she
terminated her review and denied benefits without the need to
consider step five. 20 C.F.R. 404.1520(a).

                                  2
abeyance pending the step five determination.                On December 16,

1992, the district court adopted the magistrate's ruling and

entered an order staying the application for attorneys' fees until

the outcome on remand.       Kershaw now appeals the district court's

order staying her application for attorneys' fees.            We dismiss the

appeal for want of jurisdiction.

                                 Discussion

     At the time the district court ruled that Kershaw was not a

"prevailing party", its decision followed then-existing precedent

in this Circuit.    Bertrand v. Sullivan, 976 F.2d 977, 979 (5th Cir.

1992). See also Sullivan v. Hudson, 109 S. Ct. 2248, 2254-55 (1989)

("[W]here a court's remand to the agency for further administrative

proceedings does not necessarily dictate the receipt of benefits,

the claimant will not normally attain 'prevailing party' status

within the meaning of § 2412(d)(1)(A) until after the result of the

administrative     proceedings    is   known.").       The   Supreme    Court,

however, has since ruled that a party obtaining a "sentence four"

judgment   reversing   the    Secretary's     denial    of   benefits    is   a

"prevailing party" under sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g)

regardless of the outcome on remand.2          Shalala v. Schaefer, 113
S. Ct. 2625, 2631-32 (1993).       Although Schaefer likely renders the

district court's stay order improper, we are without jurisdiction

to entertain this appeal because the order is interlocutory and is

2
     Sentence four of section 405(g) provides: "The court shall
have power to enter, upon the pleadings and transcript of the
record, a judgment affirming, modifying, or reversing the
decision of the Secretary, with or without remanding the cause
for a rehearing." 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).

                                       3
not within a recognized exception.3

I.   Finality

     For this Court to exercise appellate jurisdiction, we must

first   determine   whether   the   district   court's   order   staying

Kershaw's EAJA motion was a final appealable judgment for purposes

of 28 U.S.C. § 1291.      An order staying judicial proceedings is

ordinarily not considered final and is hence not appealable. Moses

H. Cone Memorial Hospital v. Mercury Construction Corp., 103 S. Ct.
927, 934 n.10 (1983).     Kershaw argues that the district court's

order is appealable under the exception stated in Moses Cone for

situations in which the "stay order amounts to a dismissal of the

suit" because it will put the party "effectively out of court."

Id. at 934.     The narrow holding in Moses Cone, however, does not

encompass the present stay order.       In Moses Cone, the Court held

that "a stay order is final when the sole purpose and effect of the

3
     In Bertrand this Court reviewed a similar appeal of a
district court order staying an EAJA motion for attorneys' fees
pending resolution of the administrative proceedings on remand.
We do not consider our exercise of jurisdiction in Bertrand to
constitute a binding precedent, however, because the
jurisdictional issue was neither raised by the parties nor
addressed by the Court. See, e.g., United States v. L.A. Tucker
Truck Lines, 73 S. Ct. 67, 69 1952) (. . . "this Court is not
bound by a prior exercise of jurisdiction in a case where it was
not questioned and it was passed sub silentio" (footnote omitted,
citing numerous cases)); Todd Shipyards Corp. v. Auto Transp.,
S.A., 763 F.2d 745, 750 n.10 (5th Cir. 1985); Clifton v. Heckler,
755 F.2d 1138, 1145 n.14 (5th Cir. 1985). See also United States
v. Mitchell, 46 S. Ct. 418, 419-20 (1926). Cf. Norton v. Mathews,
96 S. Ct. 2771, 2775 (1976) (stating that "there is no need to
decide the theoretical question of jurisdiction . . . when the
case alternatively could be resolved on the merits in favor of
the same party"); Texas Employers' Ins. Ass'n v. Jackson, 862
F.2d 491, 496-97 n.8 (5th Cir. 1988) (en banc) (electing not to
resolve a difficult issue of jurisdiction because the same result
would be reached on the merits).

                                    4
stay are precisely to surrender jurisdiction of a federal suit to

a state court."4     Id. at 934 n.11 (emphasis added).       Because

"arbitrability was the only substantive issue present in the

federal suit . . . a stay of the federal suit pending resolution of

the state suit meant that there could be no further litigation in

the federal forum; the state court's judgment on the issue would be

res judicata."   Id. at 934.   This result would not occur, and hence

the Moses Cone exception should not apply, where a district court

enters an order staying its own proceedings in favor of other

proceedings within the same federal judicial system.       See Equal

Employment Opportunity Comm'n v. Neches Butane Products Co., 704
F.2d 144, 151 (1983) ("Moses Cone was unique because the district

court's Colorado River stay order put the plaintiff 'effectively

out of court' and kept the means for returning to court entirely

beyond the plaintiff's control.").     The eventual decision of the

Secretary will be fully reviewable by the district court, and that

court's decision will be fully reviewable by this Court.       Thus,

unlike certain abstention stay orders, the present order does not

deprive the plaintiff of an effective appeal in a federal forum.

4
     The lower court in Moses Cone issued the stay pursuant to
the abstention doctrine first announced in Colorado River Water
Conservation Dist. v. United States, 96 S. Ct. 1236 (1976). This
Circuit has also found the Moses Cone exception to apply to cases
involving Burford-type abstention, Bernhardt Marine Ins. v. New
England Int'l Surety of America, Inc., 961 F.2d 529, 531 (5th
Cir. 1992), as well as federal court abstention under the Younger
doctrine. Allen v. Louisiana State Board of Dentistry, 835 F.2d
100 (5th Cir. 1988). Each of these abstention doctrines leads to
a common resultSQthe resolution of the state case necessarily
terminates the federal case.

                                   5
II.    Collateral Order Doctrine

       We   also   consider      whether    the   district   court's    order       is

appealable under the collateral order doctrine despite its lack of

finality.     In order to be reviewable under this doctrine, an order

must meet four requirements: (1) The order must finally dispose of

an    issue   so   that    the   district      court's   decision     may    not    be

characterized      as     tentative,   informal     or   incomplete;        (2)    the

question must be serious and unsettled; (3) the order must be

separable from, and collateral to, the merits of the principle

case; and (4) there must be a risk of important and irreparable

loss if an immediate appeal is not heard because the order will be

effectively unreviewable on appeal from final judgment.                 Coopers &

Lybrand v. Livesay, 98 S. Ct. 2454, 2458 (1978); Equal Employment

Opportunity Comm'n. v. Kerrville Bus Co., Inc., 925 F.2d 129, 134

(5th Cir. 1991); Acosta v. Tenneco Oil Co., 913 F.2d 205, 207-08

(5th Cir. 1900).5

       Absent a Moses Cone situation, stay orders rarely satisfy

these requirements, and therefore, are usually not reviewable as

collateral orders. The present stay order is no exception. First,

the district court's order could certainly be characterized as

tentative and incomplete. In Coopers v. Lybrand, for instance, the

Court    characterized       a   district      court's   order   as   "inherently

tentative" where the order could be "altered or amended before the

5
     There may be some question whether the second requirement is
still viable. See Marler v. Adonis Health Products, 997 F.2d
1141, 1143 (5th Cir. 1993). We need not resolve that issue here,
as we do not rely on this requirement in holding the order in
question not within the collateral order doctrine.

                                           6
decision on the merits."        Coopers & Lybrand, 98 S. Ct. at 2458 n.11.

The present order does not prevent Kershaw from recovering her fees

for the charges incurred in gaining the sentence four remand;

rather    it   directs    her   to   "file    an   updated    application      for

attorney's fees within 30 days of the final decision of the

Secretary if the plaintiff is a 'prevailing party' on remand."

Given that the Supreme Court's subsequent ruling in Schaefer

indicates that Kershaw may already qualify as a "prevailing party",

a motion for reconsideration (accompanying an updated application

for fees) may be appropriate to allow the district court to "alter

or amend" its order in light of Schaefer.              In addition, there is no

risk of irreparable loss because the Secretary's final decision on

remand will be reviewable as a final order.              The only harm Kershaw

could claim is a delay in the recovery of her fees.                 Such a loss is

insufficient to warrant interlocutory review.                   Cf. Shipes v.

Trinity Indus. Inc., 883 F.2d 339 (5th Cir. 1989) (finding that an

order    granting    interim    attorneys'      fees    did   not    satisfy   the

collateral order doctrine because the order could be effectively

reviewed upon entry of final judgment); Kerrville Bus, 925 F.2d at

135    (finding    that   the   added   expense    of    litigation     does   not

constitute an irreparable harm).            See also Marler v. Adonis Health

Products, 997 F.2d 1141 (5th Cir. 1993).

III.    Mandamus

       When a district court for a legally erroneous reason refuses

to act on a matter properly before it, mandamus is generally the

appropriate remedy.        Here, however, the district court's stay of

the fee application was in accord with the law of this circuit at

                                        7
the time, and the court did not have the benefit of Schaefer.

There is no reason to believe that the district court, on proper

application, will not reconsider its earlier stay in light of

Schaefer.   In such circumstances, mandamus at this stage would

appear inappropriate.   In any event, no application for mandamus

has been filed.   See Neches Butane, 704 F.2d at 151-52.

                            Conclusion

     This Court lacks jurisdiction of the instant appeal and the

appeal is accordingly

                                                           DISMISSED.

                                 8