Court Opinion

ID: 9917465
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-01-12 15:07:31.257588+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:03:05.060928
License: Public Domain

RECORD IMPOUNDED

                             NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                            APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
     This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
  internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                     SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                     APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                     DOCKET NO. A-1849-22

IN THE MATTER OF THE
APPLICATION OF:
MICHAEL MARKER

TO CHANGE THE NAME OF:
OWEN J. CAMAYA,

TO:
OWEN J. CAMAYA-MARKER.
___________________________

                Submitted December 13, 2023 – Decided January 12, 2024

                Before Judges Accurso and Walcott-Henderson.

                On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
                Chancery Division, Family Part, Morris County,
                Docket No. FD-14-0190-23.

                Manzi, Esptein, Lomurro & Decataldo, LLC, attorneys
                for appellant Marie Camaya (Ashley Vallillo Manzi, of
                counsel and on the briefs; Nikki T. Caruso, on the
                briefs).

                Jardim, Meisner & Susser, PC, attorneys for respondent
                Michael Marker (Jessica Ragno Sprague, of counsel
                and on the brief).

PER CURIAM
      Marie Camaya appeals from a January 18, 2023 order and judgment

granting Michael Marker's application to change the name of the parties' minor

child from "Owen James Camaya" to "Owen James Camaya-Marker."

Defendant argues the Family Part judge erred in failing to identify and analyze

the specific factors set forth in the governing case law to determine whether the

name change was in Owen's 1 best interest. We agree and thus reverse and

remand for a new hearing.

      The relevant facts are not in dispute. The parties are the parents of Owen

James Camaya-Marker (formerly Owen James Camaya) born October 6, 2018.

At the time of this application, Owen was four years old. The parties were never

married and only dated briefly while living in California.

      By the time of Owen's birth, Marie had ceased communication with

Michael. Marie did not inform Micheal of Owen's birth, his name, or any other

information concerning Owen.

      According to Michael, he discovered Owen had been born "through a

change in [defendant's] profile picture that is public on social media . . . ."

Michael maintains that he immediately attempted to reach Marie to no avail and

1
   We refer to the parties and the minor child by their first names for eas e of
reference only and intend no disrespect.
                                                                           A-1849-22
                                       2
was therefore "denied the ability to participate in the choice of [Owen's]

name . . . ."

      When Owen was approximately two years old, Marie relocated from

California to New Jersey with Owen.         She did not inform Michael of her

intention to relocate to New Jersey and did not seek Michael's consent to remove

Owen from the State of California. It was not until January 2021 that Marie

officially told Michael that Owen had been born in October 2018 and that she

and Owen had relocated from California to New Jersey. Michael met Owen for

the first time on February 16, 2021.

      At the time, Owen bore Marie's surname, Camaya. Upon learning that

Marie and Owen had moved to New Jersey, Michael relocated to New Jersey

and filed a complaint for joint legal custody and a legal name change specifically

to add his surname to Owen's existing surname so that the child's name would

include the surnames of both parents.

      On June 21, 2022, the parties resolved the custody issues by entering into

a Custody and Parenting Time Agreement, wherein they agreed to joint legal

custody of Owen. On June 29, 2022, the judge entered an order incorporating

the parties' Custody and Parenting Time Agreement, terminated the order of

support because of the joint custody agreement, and further ordered that the

                                                                            A-1849-22
                                        3
name change issue would be addressed in a separate hearing.2 On January 18,

2023, the parties appeared and testified at the rescheduled name change hearing,

and the judge issued an oral opinion on that same date.

      At the hearing, Marie testified that Owen had been diagnosed with autism

in August 2021 and presented the judge with Owen's occupational therapy

evaluations from May 17, 2021, June 2, 2021, June 14, 2021, and August 16,

2021, showing that "Owen present[ed] with underlying deficits with sensory

integration, sensory perception, reactivity and modulation as well as decreased

proximal stability and upper extremity interjoint coordination and distal

control." It was also noted in at least one of these reports that "[h]e has difficulty

with grasp patterns and manipulation of materials," and with respect to Owen's

social skills, one assessment further noted that:

             Owen continues to have difficulties with social
             communication, imitation and continues to be
             inflexible in his play and with daily activities. He
             seems to be very involved with numbers, letters,
             spelling and humming. Today's observations are
             concerning being "red flags" for [a]utism spectrum
             disorder, however, Owen has little of repetitive
             behaviors and he seems to communicate well with
             mom, by looking at her, sharing his achievements,
             checking in with her, making eye contact with her. He

2
  On June 30, 2022, the judge denied Michael's first application for a legal name
change for Owen, without prejudice, finding it procedurally deficient because
plaintiff had failed to serve the Director of the Division of Criminal Justice .
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                                          4
             does show restricted interests, ex. counting, or wanting
             activities performed in a certain way, he has echolalia,
             and he continues to engage in verbal self-stim behavior
             (humming).

      During the hearing, Marie testified that as a result of his autism, Owen

would struggle with the adjustment of a name change. In a colloquy with the

judge, Marie conveyed her belief there would be an adverse reaction or setback

as he was "going by Owen Camaya at school, by Owen Camaya with friends,

like, writing and all of those things . . ." and that "it will take a little bit for him

to fully understand and grasp why that's changing."

      Referring to the results from medical testing and an evaluation he had

secured, Michael maintains that Owen is not autistic. He based his conclusion

on the neurological report prepared by doctors at the St. Barnabas Institute of

Neurology and Neurosurgery in September 2022. They determined that "Owen

is not autistic."     The report concluded that Owen's "[s]ocialization and

conversational skills are very slightly delayed," yet "his interpersonal

communication skills, fine motor skills, and gross motor skills seem to be within

normal limits for age." According to the evaluating doctor's report, "suspicion

for autism spectrum disorder in Owen is low based on the history provided and

the exam conducted[.]" The report recommended plaintiff have Owen evaluated

for "possible high-functioning autism," which took place in October 2022. The

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summary report from that evaluation classified Owen as "non-spectrum" and

explained "that Owen's scores are within the range of a high proportion of the

participants with non-spectrum diagnoses," though he did "demonstrate[] a few

symptoms in the social affect category[.]" Plaintiff contends that Marie has

labeled Owen with a diagnosis he does not have, and that is unsupported by the

medical evidence. He attributes some of Owen's behaviors to Marie's influence

and interference and suggests that she contributes to Owen's anxiety.

      In his brief opinion, the judge summarized the facts and applicable law

and addressed some, although not all, of the factors adopted in Emma v. Evans,

N.J. 197, 222 (2013), stating:

            The [c]ourt notes that the parties have joint, legal, and
            physical custody and parenting time is split fairly
            evenly between the two parents. So the child identifies
            with both family units. With respect to any potential
            anxiety, embarrassment or discomfort, there has not
            been anything provided to the [c]ourt that indicates that
            any medical condition or any testimony by a medical
            expert that a change in name would create potential
            anxiety, embarrassment or discomfort. The child is not
            old enough to express a preference to the name. The --
            the [c]ourt does not find that there is any improper
            motivation on Mr. Marker's part to -- to request this
            name change. And so after reviewing all the factors,
            after reviewing the testimony of, both, Mr. Marker and
            Ms. Camaya, the [c]ourt finds that there is a good-faith
            basis. This application has been made in good faith to
            change the name and will grant the application to

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                                       6
            change the name of Owen J. Camaya to Owen J.
            Camaya Marker.

      The judge did not make any specific findings concerning Marie's claims

that Owen had been diagnosed with autism and the import of any such diagnosis,

if found, on the within application. Rather, the judge concluded that there was

"a good-faith basis" to grant Michael's application to add his surname to Owen's

existing surname, which was given to him by his mother at birth.

      This appeal followed.

      Appellate courts "review the Family Part judge's findings in accordance

with a deferential standard of review, recognizing the court's 'special jurisdiction

and expertise in family matters.'" Thieme v. Aucoin-Thieme, 227 N.J. 269, 282-

83 (2016) (quoting Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 413 (1998)). Those findings

are therefore binding on appeal "when supported by adequate, substantial,

credible evidence." Cesare, 154 N.J. at 411-12. Reversal occurs "only when a

mistake must have been made because the trial court's factual findings are 'so

manifestly unsupported by or inconsistent with the competent, relevant and

reasonably credible evidence as to offend the interests of justice. . . .'"

Spangenberg v. Kolakowski, 442 N.J. Super. 529, 535 (App. Div. 2015)

(quoting Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v. Invs. Ins. Co. of Am., 65 N.J. 474, 484

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                                         7
(1974)). Questions of law are reviewed de novo. Amzler v. Amzler, 463 N.J.

Super. 187, 197 (App. Div. 2020).

      "Today, 'the best interests of the child' is the applicable standard

governing most decisions affecting the welfare of children."          Gubernat v.

Deremer, 140 N.J. 120, 139 (1995).          Courts "are required to engage in

meticulous fact-finding to determine the 'best interests' of the child." Ibid.

"That standard is also the one that we apply in determining the appropriate

surname to be given to a child, regardless of the child's birth status." Ibid.

      Pursuant to Rule 1:7-4, "the [family court] must state clearly its factual

findings and correlate them with the relevant legal conclusions," Curtis v.

Finnerman, 83 N.J. 563, 570 (1980), including in deciding a name change

dispute, Gubernat, 140 N.J. at 125-26. Mere "[n]aked conclusions do not satisfy

the purpose of [Rule] 1:7-4." Curtis, 83 N.J. at 570.

      In Emma v. Evans—the seminal case we use to resolve disputes between

parents over their child's jointly-chosen surname—the Court held that a parent

seeking to change a child's birth surname must show by "a preponderance of the

evidence that the name change is in the child's best interest." 215 N.J. 197, 222

(2013). "Applying the best-interests-of-the-child test in the context of a dispute

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                                        8
over whether to change a child's name requires a fact-sensitive analysis" and

"[e]ach case should be weighed on its own merits." Id. at 222.

      In evaluating whether the name change is in the child's best interest, courts

consider the following eleven factors:

            (1) The length of time the child has used her given
            surname. (2) Identification of the child with a
            particular family unit.         (3) Potential anxiety,
            embarrassment, or discomfort that may result from
            having a different surname from that of the custodial
            parent. (4) The child's preference if [h]e is mature
            enough to express a preference.             (5) Parental
            misconduct or neglect, such as failure to provide
            support or maintain contact with the child. (6) Degree
            of community respect, or lack thereof, associated with
            either paternal or maternal name. (7) Improper
            motivation on the part of the parent seeking the name
            change. (8) Whether the mother has changed or intends
            to change her name upon remarriage. (9) Whether the
            child has a strong relationship with any siblings with
            different names. (10) Whether the surname has
            important ties to family heritage or ethnic identity. (11)
            The effect of a name change on the relationship
            between the child and each parent.

            [Id. at 223.]

      We consider that both parties have addressed the eleven best interest

factors found in Emma v. Evans, each arguing the strength of their respective

positions. Marie contends that the judge "erroneously ordered the name change

of a minor child, diagnosed with [autism] without proper consideration for the

                                                                             A-1849-22
                                         9
child's best interest." She argues the judge "did not make a complete and

comprehensive finding on the record" and did not complete a best interest

analysis for the proposed change to Owen's surname.

      Michael argues the judge properly applied all applicable factors and

granted the application based on the evidence presented. He also disputes

Marie's testimony that Owen was diagnosed with autism and consequently may

have difficulty processing the name change at school and with his friends and

that this is a basis to deny the application. He maintains that Marie admitted

that there is also a report indicating that Owen was not autistic.

      Here, the judge addressed many of the eleven factors as part of his best

interest analysis, including the length of time Owen had used his given surname;

his identification with a particular family unit; potential anxiety, embarrassment,

or discomfort from having a different surname from that of the custodial parent;

Owen's age (four) and inability to express a preference; and plaintiff's

motivation for seeking a name change stating, "the [c]ourt does not find that

there is any improper motivation on Mr. Marker's part to [] request this name

change[.]" The judge also noted that "[w]ith respect to any potential anxiety,

embarrassment or discomfort, there has not been anything provided to the

[c]ourt that indicates that any medical condition or any testimony by a medical

                                                                             A-1849-22
                                       10
expert that a change in name would create potential anxiety, embarrassment or

discomfort." After reviewing these factors, the judge concluded there was a

good faith basis to grant Michael's application to change Owen's surname from

Camaya to Camaya-Marker.

      Although the judge may have believed he implicitly addressed the issue

of Owen's autism noting there was no medical evidence about anxiety, he did

not squarely address what was obviously the critical dispute between these

parents of whether Owen was autistic and the potential impact of such a

diagnosis, if established, on the name change application. Thus, although the

judge appropriately considered most of the Emma factors, he did not make

factual findings on the critical issue of Owen's autism diagnosis or make a best

interest finding. Plaintiff's good faith in bringing the application does not

resolve whether changing Owen's name is in the child's best interest.

      Reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion, including any supplemental submissions to the court on the issue of

Owen's autism and additional testimony should the court deem it necessary. We

do not retain jurisdiction.

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