Court Opinion

ID: 9747911
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-27 15:42:08.544721+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:25:28.533278
License: Public Domain

TERRY JENNINGS, Justice,
dissenting.
The majority erroneously reverses the trial court’s judgment notwithstanding the verdict rendered in favor of appellee, En*457terprise South Texas, L.P., formerly known as El Paso South Texas, L.P. (“El Paso”) in the suit of appellant, MasTec, Inc., against El Paso for breach of a contract. Accordingly, I respectfully dissent.
The underlying facts of this ease are undisputed. After El Paso had purchased a 68-mile long pipeline that had been constructed in the 1940s, it decided to remove it and construct a new one to carry butane. El Paso solicited bids from several pipeline contractors for the project, which was to be completed within 60 days for a lump-sum price. MasTec then submitted its bid, which was far lower than any other bid made by the other contractors.
In its contract with El Paso, MasTec agreed,
... at its cost, that it shall (except as otherwise provided for in the Contract or Drawings) furnish all necessary materials, supplies, labor, tools, equipment superintendence, apparatus and machinery, including without limitation, transportation and all other items necessary to perform the Work ....
(Emphasis added.) As noted by the majority, MasTec agreed to perform “everything necessary to complete, satisfy, and discharge all Work and obligations imposed on [it] connected with the performance of the Work,” including, the following:
Furnish all labor, equipment and materials as described in the Specifications for all Work necessary to perform the following applicable Work as shown on the Drawings, including but not limited to: loading, hauling, unloading, storing, clearing, excavating, including rock if encountered, cutting and beveling of pipe; installing pipe or valves, where required; removing pipe or valves, where required; welding (including tie-in and transition welds, if required); coating, repairing coating, furnishing and installing padding when applicable; installing concrete supports; blow-offs, bypasses, bolting, bracing hydrostatic testing of completed assemblies, painting of newly installed piping assemblies and cleanup.
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Any Work required to complete installation of the new pipeline but not shown as a pay item is no less included in the scope of work for installation of the new 8-inch Butane Shuttle pipeline and is included in [MasTec’s] lump sum proposal. Just because an item of Work is not specifically identified, does not mean such Work is not included in [MasTec’s] scope of Work. Any item of Work [MasTec] knows is required for completion of the installation but not specifically identified is to be included in [MasTec’s] Lump Sum Proposal.

(Emphasis added.) In the contract, Mas-Tec represented that
... its duly authorized representative has visited the site of the Work, is familiar with the local and special conditions under which the Work is to be performed and has correlated the on site observations with the requirements of the Contract and has fully acquainted itself with the site, including without limitation, the general topography, accessibility, soil structure, subsurface conditions, obstructions and all other conditions pertaining to the Work and has made all investigations essential to a full understanding of the difficulties which may be encountered in performing the Work, and that anything in this Contract or in any representations, statements or information made or furnished by [El Paso] or any of its representatives notwithstanding, [MasTec] assumes full and complete responsibility for any such conditions pertaining to the Work, the site of the Work or its *458surroundings and all risks in connection therewith ...
(Emphasis added.) MasTec further represented that
... it has had an opportunity to examine, and has carefully examined, all of the Contract documents and has fully acquainted itself with the Scope of Work, design, availability of materials, existing facilities, the general topography, soil structure, substructure conditions, obstructions, and all other conditions pertaining to the Work, the site of the Work and its surroundings; that it has made all investigations essential to a full understanding of the difficulties which may be encountered in 'performing the Work; and that anything in any of the Contract documents or in any representations, statements or information made or furnished by [El Paso] or its representatives notwithstanding, [Mastec] will regardless of any such conditions pertaining to the Work, the site of the Work or its surroundings, complete the Work for the compensation stated in this Contract, and pursuant to the extent of [MasTec’s] liability under this Contract, assume full and complete responsibility for any such conditions pertaining to the Work, the site of the Work or its surroundings, and all risks in connection therewith. In addition thereto, [MasTec] represents that it is fully qualified to do the work in accordance with the terms of this Contract within the time specified.
(Emphasis added.)
The bottom line is that MasTec, for a lump-sum price, agreed to perform all work necessary to complete construction of the new pipeline. MasTec represented that “notwithstanding” anything in the contract, or any representations made by El Paso, MasTee had “made all investigations essential to a full understanding of the difficulties which may be encountered” in completing the project. Moreover, MasTee assumed “full and complete responsibility” for “all risks” in connection with the project.
In its sole issue to this Court, MasTee contends that the trial court erred in concluding that “the contract shifted the risk of cost associated with unidentified foreign crossings to MasTee.” It argues that, despite the above express terms of the lump-sum contract, the trial court erred in granting El Paso’s motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict because “the contract obligated El Paso to ‘exercise[] due diligence in locating foreign pipelines’ before any work began thereby assuring bidders like Mastec that the foreign-crossing information El Paso provided was reasonably accurate and reliable.” (Emphasis added.)
There are two statements made in two “Construction Specifications” attachments to the contract that El Paso “will have exercised due diligence in locating foreign pipelines” and utility line crossings. (Emphasis added.) MasTee and the majority mistakenly label these statements of fact as “due-diligence provisions.” MasTee essentially argues that because El Paso did not exercise due diligence in locating such foreign crossings, MasTee incurred considerable unforeseen expenses in completing the project and, thus, El Paso breached the contract by failing to compensate Mas-Tec for these expenses above the agreed upon lump-sum price. The majority agrees with MasTee.
In holding that the trial court erred in rendering its judgment notwithstanding the verdict, the majority concludes that El Paso breached the contract by failing to exercise due diligence in locating foreign crossings and not providing such information to MasTee. The majority reasons that the jury’s finding that El Paso *459breached the contract was not immaterial because
... [A] contractor is not precluded as a matter of law from recovering against an owner, under a breach of contract theory, for defective specifications, notwithstanding lump-sum and pre-bid investigation provisions in the contract, if the owner was in a better position to know whether its specifications were sufficient for its intended scope of work and the contract evidences that the owner made positive assurances concerning the reliability of those specifications.... Even when the contract places the risk of differing or unexpected site conditions on the contractor, the contractor is not, as a matter of law, required to bear a risk that the bid documents misrepresent the nature and amount of the work to be performed.
(citations omitted).
In support of its reasoning, the majority relies upon Hollerbach v. United States, 233 U.S. 165, 34 S.Ct. 553, 58 L.Ed. 898 (1914); IT Corporation v. Motco Site Trust Fund, 903 F.Supp. 1106 (S.D.Tex.1994); and Shintech Inc. v. Group Constructors, Inc., 688 S.W.2d 144 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1985, no writ). These eases are simply not applicable because, here, the parties expressly agreed in no uncertain terms that MasTec bore “all risks” of dealing with unanticipated conditions. Such express language, as noted by the court in IT Corporation, is controlling:
[I]f the owner is in a better position than the contractor to assess the site conditions, and if there is language in the contract that will justify the court in concluding that the parties intended it, the parties can place on the owner the risk of unexpected site conditions, even in a lump sum contract.
903 F.Supp. at 1127 (emphasis added).
In placing the responsibility for the expenses incurred in working with and around the foreign crossings on El Paso, the majority relies upon the two statements made in the two “Construction Specifications” attachments that El Paso “will have exercised due diligence in locating foreign pipelines” and utility line crossings. (Emphasis added.) However, these statements of fact are not “due diligence provisions.” El Paso’s representations that, prior to the execution of the contract, it “will have” exercised due diligence in locating foreign pipelines cannot be read as imposing any contractual obligation upon El Paso to do anything further to locate foreign pipelines after the execution of the contract by the parties. In fact, El Paso had, prior to soliciting bids, hired a survey company to map the route of the pipeline, and the company tried to locate the foreign crossings. Because detecting underground plastic and fiberglass pipe is virtually impossible, the company could not guarantee the accuracy of its survey. Nor did El Paso. It gave no positive assurance at all regarding the number or location of foreign crossings.
Our primary concern in construing a written contract is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the parties intentions as expressed in the contract. Frost Nat’l Bank v. L & F Distribs., Ltd., 165 S.W.3d 310, 311-12 (Tex.2005). We must “consider the entire writing and attempt to harmonize and give effect to all of the provisions of the contract by analyzing the provisions with reference to the whole agreement.” Id. at 312. Also, we must presume that the parties intended for every clause to have some effect. Heritage Res., Inc. v. NationsBank, 939 S.W.2d 118, 121 (Tex.1996).
Here, El Paso clearly wanted all work on the pipeline project to be performed for a lump-sum price. The contract in no way placed upon El Paso the burden to locate *460foreign crossings and provide that information to MasTec. MasTec agreed to perform all work necessary to complete construction of the new pipeline for a lump-sum price. Moreover, MasTec represented that “notwithstanding” anything in the contract, or any representations made by El Paso, MasTec had “made all investigations essential to a full understanding of the difficulties which may be encountered” in completing the project.
Oliver Wendell Holmes warned, “In most contracts men take the risk of events over which they have imperfect or no control.” Ferry v. Ramsey, 277 U.S. 88, 95, 48 S.Ct. 443, 444, 72 L.Ed. 796 (1928). This admonition is perfectly illustrated by MasTec’s assumption of “full and complete responsibility” for “all risks” in connection with the project. I would hold that El Paso did not breach the contract “by failing to exercise due diligence” and that the trial court did not err in rendering its judgment notwithstanding the verdict in favor of El Paso. Accordingly, I would overrule Mastec’s sole issue and affirm the judgment of the learned trial judge.