Court Opinion

ID: 4428504
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-20 19:07:57.555319+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:51:09.310436
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-4898-17T4

HELENA CUOMO,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

TSI RIDGEWOOD, LLC, d/b/a
NEW YORK SPORTS CLUB, 1

     Defendant-Appellant.
______________________________

                    Argued May 2, 2019 – Decided May 21, 2019

                    Before Judges Simonelli and Firko.

                    On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-5279-15.

                    Peter G. Siachos argued the cause for appellant (Gordon
                    Rees Scully Mansukhani LLP, attorneys; Peter G.
                    Siachos and Eric T. Evans, of counsel and on the
                    briefs).

1
  Improperly pled as New York Sports Club and Town Sports International
Holding, Inc., the actual name of this entity is TSI Ridgewood, LLC, d/b/a New
York Sports Club.
            Suzanne M. Smith argued the cause for respondent
            (Cillick & Smith, attorneys; Suzanne M. Smith, on the
            brief).

PER CURIAM

      This appeal concerns the failure of defendant TSI Ridgewood, LLC to file

a demand for trial de novo and pay the required fee following a mandatory

arbitration in a personal injury matter. Defendant appeals from two April 13,

2018 Law Division orders: (1) enforcing the arbitration award and entering

judgment against defendant; and (2) denying defendant's motion for leave to file

a demand for trial de novo. Defendant also appeals from the June 8, 2018 order

denying its motion for reconsideration. We affirm.

                                       I.

               The Mandatory Electronic eCourts Filing System

      A May 17, 2017 notice to the Bar advised attorneys that they "must have

a Judiciary Account Charge System (JACS) account to electronically file

documents that require a fee." 2 A June 6, 2017 notice to the Bar advised

attorneys that the Judiciary was implementing a mandatory electronic eCourts

2
 See Notice to the Bar, Expansion of eCourts to Civil, Judge Glenn A. Grant,
May 17, 2017 (223 N.J.L.J. 1558 (2017)).

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filing system (eCourts) in the Superior Court, Law Division, Civil Part on a

vicinage by vicinage basis. 3 The notice advised that "all attorneys will be

required to file through eCourts . . . sixty (60) days following implementation

of eCourts . . . in each vicinage." The notice also advised that

                   Any paper in a Civil Part matter required to be
            filed electronically but received other than
            electronically from an attorney or law firm on or after
            the mandatory filing date for that vicinage will be
            returned to the filing attorney with a notice that it must
            be filed electronically. In such instances, the attorney
            will have ten (10) days to file that same document along
            with the return notice electronically in order to preserve
            the original submission date as the filing date.

            [(Emphasis added).]

The notice further advised that "[a]n attorney seeking to file any fee-related

document in the Civil Part through eCourts . . . at present must have a JACS

account." The notice provided the court's contact information for "[q]uestions

regarding eCourts . . . and the mandatory electronic filing requirement[.]"

      The Bergen County vicinage fully implemented eCourts on September 14,

2017, and announced October 16, 2017 as the mandatory electronic filing date

3
  See Notice to the Bar, eCourts Civil – Mandatory Electronic Filing, Judge
Glenn A. Grant, June 6, 2017 (223 N.J.L.J. 1809 (2017)).

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                                        3
for the vicinage.4 Thus, as of October 16, 2017, all attorneys filing papers in a

Bergen County Civil Part matter had to do so through eCourts and pay the

required fee through their JACS account. By December 14, 2017, eCourts was

fully implemented in all vicinages. 5

         Demand For Trial De Novo and Payment of the De Novo Fee

      N.J.S.A. 2A:23A-20 to -30 and Rule 4:21A-1 "mandate the arbitration of

all non-automobile negligence personal injury actions except for professional

malpractice claims." Corcoran v. St. Peter's Med. Ctr., 339 N.J. Super. 337,

340-41 (App. Div. 2001). N.J.S.A. 2A:23A-26 mandates the filing of a trial de

novo demand within thirty days of the filing of the arbitration decision. "By

setting a short deadline for filing a de novo demand, the statute ensures that the

court will promptly schedule trials in cases that cannot be resolved by

arbitration." Nascimento v. King, 381 N.J. Super. 593, 597 (App. Div. 2005).

4
  See Notice to the Bar, Judge Bonnie J. Mizdol, Bergen Vicinage, September
11, 2017 (223 N.J.L.J. 2858 (2017)).
5
  See Notice to the Bar, eCourts Civil – Mandatory Electronic Filing, Judge
Glenn A. Grant, June 6, 2017 (223 N.J.L.J. 1809 (2017)).

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                                        4
      Rule 4:21A-6(b)(1) mandates the filing and service of the trial de novo

demand and payment of a trial de novo fee within thirty days and provides, in

pertinent part:

             An order shall be entered dismissing the action
             following the filing of the arbitrator's award unless:

             (1) within [thirty] days after filing of the arbitration
             award, a party thereto files with the civil division
             manager and serves on all other parties a notice of
             rejection of the award and demand for a trial de novo
             and pays a trial de novo fee as set forth in [Rule 4:21A-
             6(c)].

             [(Emphasis added).]

      The purpose of Rule 4:21A-6(b)(1) "is to require a prompt demand for a

trial de novo in cases subject to mandatory arbitration[.]" Corcoran, 339 N.J.

Super. at 344. Thus, "Rule 4:21A-6(b)(1) 'set[s] a short deadline for filing a

[trial] de novo demand' to 'ensure[] that the court will promptly schedule trials

in cases that cannot be resolved by arbitration.'" Vanderslice v. Stewart, 220

N.J. 385, 392 (2015) (alterations in original) (quoting Nascimento, 381 N.J.

Super. at 597). "The Legislature intended [that rule] . . . to be strictly enforced."

Hartsfield v. Fantini, 149 N.J. 611, 616 (1997) (alteration in original) (quoting

Hart v. Prop. Mgmt. Sys., 280 N.J. Super. 145, 147 (App. Div. 1995)). Thus,

our courts have cautioned that

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            when neither party has made a timely motion for a trial
            de novo, the court's power to extend the time frame
            [under Rule 4:21A-6] "must be sparingly exercised
            with a view to implementing both the letter and the
            spirit of the compulsory arbitration statute and the rules
            promulgated pursuant thereto, to the end that the
            arbitration proceedings achieve finality."

            [Martinelli v. Farm-Rite, Inc., 345 N.J. Super. 306, 310
            (App. Div. 2001) (quoting Mazakas v. Wray, 205 N.J.
            Super. 367, 372 (App. Div. 1985)).]

      As Rule 4:21A-6(b)(1) mandates, a party filing a trial de novo demand

must also pay a fee as set forth in Rule 4:21A-6(c). Prior to May 2017, Rule

4:21A-6(c) provided, in pertinent part, that "[a] party demanding a trial de novo

must tender with the trial de novo request a check payable to the 'Treasurer,

State of New Jersey' in the amount of $200[.]" An amendment to Rule 4:21A-

6(c), effective May 30, 2017, eliminated the specific method of payment to the

Treasurer, State of New Jersey, and provided, in pertinent part, that "[a] party

demanding a trial de novo must submit with the trial de novo request a fee in the

amount of $200[.]"

            By eliminating a specific method of payment [to the
            Treasurer, State of New Jersey] the Court meant to
            provide for payment of [the $200] fee in eCourts Civil
            by an attorney collateral account (Judiciary Account
            Charge System (JACS)). Presumably payment may
            still be made by check payable to the Treasurer at least

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                                        6
             until such time as the eCourts system has been fully
             implemented.

             [Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J. Court Rules, cmt.
             7.4 on R. 4:21A-6 (2019) (emphasis added).]

      A June 9, 2017 notice to the Bar advised attorneys of the amendment to

Rule 4:21A-6(c):

             The Supreme Court by Order dated May 30, 2017
             adopted amendments to paragraph (c) of [Rule] 4:21A-
             6 so as to remove reference in the rule to any particular
             method of payment for the trial de novo fee. The rule
             amendments, which are appended to this notice, will
             permit the payment of trial de novo filing fees in
             eCourts Civil by attorney collateral account (Judiciary
             Charge System (JACS) account). [6]

The notice provided the court's contact information for "[q]uestions concerning

this matter[.]"

                         Defendant's Failure to File the
                  Trial De Novo Demand and Pay the $200 Fee

      On January 31, 2018, the arbitrator filed a net award of $200,000 in favor

of plaintiff Helena Cuomo. 7 The time for defendant to file a trial de novo

demand and pay the $200 fee expired thirty days later, on March 2, 2018.

6
 See Notice to the Bar, Amendment to Court Rule 4:21A-6(c), Judge Glenn A.
Grant, June 9, 2017 (223 N.J.LJ. 1874 (2017).
7
  The arbitrator awarded at total of $250,000, but found plaintiff twenty percent
liable.
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                                        7
      Defense counsel, who had a JACS account, claimed he "was confused

about how the $200 fee was to be paid to the [c]ourt[,]" but he never contacted

the court to ascertain the proper procedure. Instead, on February 1, 2018, nearly

four months after the mandatory eCourts electronic filing date in the Bergen

County vicinage, counsel instructed his secretary to "immediately . . . prepare

and file [a trial de novo demand] with appropriate payment" and "ascertain how

the $200 fee was to be submitted to the [c]ourt for payment."

      The secretary had received training on eCourts, but did not recall

receiving instruction on how to file a trial de novo demand and submit the $200

filing fee. She claimed she was "confused about how to file a trial de novo

[demand] and effectuate payment of the $200 fee[,]" but never contacted the

court to ascertain the proper procedure. Instead, she decided to send the trial de

novo demand to the clerk of the Civil Division by Federal Express along with a

check in the amount of $200 made payable "to the Superior Court of New

Jersey." She sent the trial de novo demand and $200 check on February 13,

2018, and sent a copy to plaintiff. Defense counsel signed the transmittal letter

to the clerk.

      On February 21, 2018, the secretary received a notice from the clerk of

the Civil Division, dated February 16, 2018, that the documents were rejected

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                                        8
because "[a]ll . . . documents filed by an attorney or law firm must be done

electronically through eCourts." The notice stated that the documents would be

"considered 'received' as of the date of entry in eCourts[,]" were being returned

"pursuant to [Rule] 1:5-6(c)," and would be "marked 'received' but not 'filed[.]'"8

(Emphasis added). The notice also stated that "if the paper is retransmitted

together with the required document or fee, as appropriate, within ten days after

the date of the . . . notice, filing will be deemed to have been made on the

stamped receipt date." The notice provided the court's contact information for

questions about the filing period and the fee.

      The secretary claimed she was confused by the clerk's notice. However,

she never advised defense counsel about the notice and never contacted the court

for assistance. Instead, on February 21, 2018, she attempted to retransmit the

trial de novo demand through eCourts, but incorrectly submitted the document

for filing as an "Arbitration Award" rather than a trial de novo demand. On

February 23, 2018, the clerk sent all counsel and the secretary a deficiency

notice, stating "Payment Missing." The notice also stated, "Login to eCourts to

view the Case Jacket. You will need a valid user ID (Bar ID) to view the

8
  The documents the secretary submitted were date-stamped by the Bergen
County Finance Division on February 14, 2018, but were not file-stamped.
                                                                           A-4898-17T4
                                        9
submitted documents." The notice advised, "[f]or questions, please contact the

Superior Court of New Jersey Civil Division in county of venue."

      Defense counsel spoke to his secretary on February 26, 2018 about the

deficiency notice and she advised him that the $200 fee had already been

submitted to the court. Thus, they both "assumed" the clerk still had the $200

check but had not yet submitted it for payment. Neither of them contacted the

court about the deficiency notice or the check, nor did they log into eCourts to

view the case jacket or inquire whether the trial de novo demand had been filed.

      The time to file a trial de novo demand expired on March 2, 2018. On

March 19, 2018, plaintiff filed a motion to confirm the arbitration award .

Defendant filed a cross-motion for leave to file a trial de novo demand. Defense

counsel claimed it was not until after plaintiff filed her motion that he first

became aware the court had not processed the $200 check.           However, he

admitted in his certification that the clerk had returned the check with the

February 16, 2018 notice, and that what happened here was a "clerical error."

      The trial court entered two orders on April 13, 2018: one confirming the

arbitration award and entering judgment, and the other denying defendant's

motion for leave to file a trial de novo demand.        The court later denied

defendant's motion for reconsideration.

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                                      10
      Because this appeal involves an interpretation of the court rules governing

mandatory arbitration, our review is de novo. Vanderslice, 220 N.J. at 389. We

are not bound by the trial court's findings and conclusions, but have "the right

to review the record and make [our] own findings of fact and conclusions" based

on the record below. Grasso v. Borough Council of Glassboro, 205 N.J. Super.

18, 25 (App. Div. 1985). Applying this standard, we discern no reason to

reverse.

                                       II.

      Defendant contends that payment of the $200 fee by check within the

thirty-day period conformed to Rule 4:21A-6(c). Defendant argues that when

amending the Rule, the Supreme Court never indicated that JACS accounts are

the exclusive payment method for trial de novo fees. Rather, the Court amended

the Rule to remove reference to any particular method of payment in order to

allow for alternative methods of payment, including JACS accounts.            We

disagree.

      We first note that even if payment by check was still a proper method of

payment under the amended Rule 4:21A-6(c), which it was not, the check here

was nonconforming because it was improperly made payable to the Superior

Court of New Jersey, not the Treasurer, State of New Jersey. Thus, the check

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                                      11
was nonconforming and would not have effectuated the filing of the trial de novo

demand.

      In any event, as of October 16, 2017, an attorney could only file papers in

a Bergen County Civil Part matter through eCourts. Thus, defendant's filing of

the trial de novo demand via Federal Express was improper and the clerk

properly rejected and returned the documents submitted, which included the

$200 check.

      If the electronic filing was fee-related, as of October 16, 2017, an attorney

could only make payment through his or her JACS account. Even assuming

attorneys could still pay by check made payable to the Treasurer, State of New

Jersey, that method of payment was eliminated on December 14, 2017, when

eCourts was fully implemented in all vicinages. See Pressler & Verniero,

Current N.J. Court Rules, cmt. 7.4 on R. 4:21A-6 (2019). Thus, defendant's

payment by check was nonconforming.

      Defendant argues that even if payment by check was nonconforming, the

court erred in confirming the arbitration award and denying its motion because

it never received specific notice that the payment was nonconforming, as

required by Rule 1:5-6(c). This argument lacks merit.

      Rule 1:5-6(c) provides as follows, in pertinent part:

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                                       12
            The clerk shall file all papers presented for filing and
            may notify the person filing if such papers do not
            conform to these rules, except that

            (1) the paper shall be returned stamped "Received but
            not Filed (date)" if it is presented for filing
            unaccompanied by any of the following:

            (A) the required filing fee[.]

                  ....

            If a paper is returned under this rule, it shall be
            accompanied by a notice advising that if the paper is
            retransmitted together with the required signature,
            document or fee, as appropriate, within ten days after
            the date of the clerk's notice, filing will be deemed to
            have been made on the stamped receipt date.

      Rule 1:5-6(c) does not require that the notice specify why the papers do

not conform to the rules. The Rule only requires that the notice specify "if the

paper is retransmitted together with the required signature, document or fee, as

appropriate, within ten days after the date of the clerk's notice, filing will be

deemed to have been made on the stamped receipt date." Ibid. The February

16, 2018 notice contained such language.

      Moreover, the clerk did not return the documents because payment by

check was nonconforming or because the required filing fee had not been paid.

Rather, according to the February 16, 2018 notice, the documents were returned

because the filing did not conform to the mandatory requirement that all

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                                       13
documents filed by an attorney or law firm had to be filed electronically through

eCourts. Although defense counsel's secretary attempted to retransmit the trial

de novo demand through eCourts, she did not make payment through defense

counsel's JACS account, nor did she send another check. The clerk's February

23, 2018 deficiency notice advised there was a "Payment Missing." Nothing

was done thereafter to pay the fee. We are satisfied that defendant received the

notice required by Rule 1:5-6(c) and failed to cure the deficiency.

                                       III.

      Defendant next contends it substantially complied with Rule 4:21A-6(c)

warranting relaxation of the thirty-day time period. We reject this contention.

      The substantial compliance doctrine has been applied to relax the thirty-

day rule for service of a timely filed trial de novo demand, whereas the more

stringent standard of "extraordinary circumstances" is required to relax the

thirty-day rule for filing a trial de novo demand. Nascimento, 381 N.J. Super.

at 598. Here, there was a failure to file, not a failure to serve, a trial de novo

demand and pay the required fee. Thus, the substantial compliance doctrine

does not apply and defendant was required to show exceptional circumstances

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                                       14
to warrant relaxing the third-day period.9 At oral argument of this appeal,

defendant abandoned its contention that it satisfied the extraordinary

circumstances doctrine.

      Even if the substantial compliance doctrine applied, we conclude

defendant failed to show substantial compliance.           In order to establish

substantial compliance with Rule 4:21A-6, defendant had to show all five of the

following factors:

            (1) the lack of prejudice to the defending party; (2) a
            series of steps taken to comply with the statute
            involved; (3) a general compliance with the purpose of
            the statute; (4) a reasonable notice of petitioner's
            claim[;] and (5) a reasonable explanation why there was
            not a strict compliance with the statute.

            [Nascimento, 381 N.J. Super. at 600 (quoting Corcoran,
            339 N.J. Super. at 343).]

      Here, there was no compliance with N.J.S.A. 2A:23A-20 to -30 and Rule

4:21A-6, let alone substantial compliance. Nine months prior to the expiration

9
   Defendant argues, in part, that the substantial compliance doctrine should
apply because this matter involves the failure to pay the trial de novo fee, rather
than a failure to file the trial de novo demand. Defendant cites to Vanderslice
to support this argument, arguing "[t]he Supreme Court indicated that the
substantial compliance doctrine should apply given the Court's holdings on fee
requirements." However, the Court in Vanderslice explicitly abstained from
discussing whether substantial compliance or extraordinary circumstances
should be considered in that case. Vanderslice, 220 N.J. at 392-93. Thus,
defendant's reliance on Vanderslice is misapplied.
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                                       15
of the thirty-day period in this matter, the Bar was notified of mandatory eCourts

filing and fee payment requirements. eCourts filing system became mandatory

in the Bergen County vicinage nearly four months before the expiration of the

thirty-day period in this matter. Defendant's filing of the de novo demand and

payment of the fee did not comply with the mandatory eCourts filing and

payment requirements. Defendant received appropriate notice of the filing and

payment deficiencies and had time within the thirty-day period to contact the

court to ascertain the proper procedure and cure those deficiencies. Defendant

took no steps to do so, and provided no reasonable explanation why there was

no strict compliance with the statute and rule. A clerical error, as occurred here,

does not warrant relaxation of the thirty-day period. See Behm v. Ferreira, 286

N.J. Super. 566, 574 (App. Div. 1996).

      Affirmed.

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