Court Opinion

ID: 4438483
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-09-16 16:09:30.300078+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:51:34.196255
License: Public Domain

J-S33030-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    D.T.M.                                     :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                  v.                           :
                                               :
                                               :
    K.B. N/K/A K.O.                            :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 282 MDA 2019
                                               :
                                               :
                  v.                           :
                                               :
                                               :
    J.O.                                       :

                  Appeal from the Order Entered January 14, 2019
                 In the Court of Common Pleas of Schuylkill County
                      Domestic Relations at No(s): S-183-2012

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., OTT, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.:                         FILED: SEPTEMBER 16, 2019

           K.B. n/k/a K.O. (“Mother”) appeals from the January 14, 2019 order

denying, in part, her petition for modification of a custody order with respect

to her daughter, A.M. (“Child”), born in August of 2011.1 After careful review,

we vacate and remand.

____________________________________________

1 The trial court granted J.O., Child’s maternal grandmother, intervenor status
in the underlying custody action in 2014. J.O. is not participating in the instant
appeal.
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       D.T.M. (“Father”) commenced the underlying child custody action

against Mother in 2012, concurrently with a divorce action, when Child was

approximately five months old.2            Protracted litigation ensued, which we

summarize in relevant part.           Father has had primary physical custody3

throughout the history of this case.           Mother initially had partial physical

custody,4 which the trial court decreased to supervised physical custody5 in

January of 2014, due to her alcoholism and convictions on two charges of

driving under the influence.

       In March of 2016, Mother filed a petition for modification wherein she

requested shared physical custody.6            The trial court held an evidentiary

hearing in November of 2016. The evidence revealed that Mother was making

progress in her recovery from alcoholism.

____________________________________________

2This custody matter is governed by the Child Custody Act, 23 Pa.C.S. §§
5321-5340 (“the Act”), which became effective on January 24, 2011.

3The Act defines “primary physical custody” as “The right to assume physical
custody of the child for the majority of time.” 23 Pa.C.S. § 5322.

4The Act defines “partial physical custody” as “The right to assume physical
custody of the child for less than a majority of the time.” Id.

5 The Act defines “supervised physical custody” as “Custodial time during
which an agency or an adult designated by the court or agreed upon by the
parties monitors the interaction between the child and the individual with
those rights.” Id.

6 The Act defines “shared physical custody” as “The right of more than one
individual to assume physical custody of the child, each having significant
periods of physical custodial time with the child.” Id.

                                           -2-
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      By order dated January 4, 2017 (“existing custody order”), the trial

court granted the parties shared legal custody, Father primary physical

custody, and Mother partial physical custody during the school year on

alternating weekends from Friday at 4:00 p.m. to Sunday at 6:00 p.m. In

addition, during the school year, the court granted Mother custody every

Wednesday overnight beginning after school, or at 4:00 p.m., until the

beginning of school, or at 8:00 a.m., on Thursday mornings.          During the

summer, the trial court granted Mother shared physical custody on an

alternating weekly basis.

      In July of 2017, Mother filed a petition for modification seeking shared

physical custody during the school year. On October 5, 2017, following an

evidentiary hearing, the trial court denied Mother’s petition and directed that

the existing custody order remain in effect.

      Mother filed pro se the subject modification petition on August 2, 2018,

wherein she once again requested shared physical custody during the school

year on an alternating weekly basis, inter alia. Following a custody conciliation

conference, an evidentiary hearing occurred before a custody hearing officer

on October 17, 2018, during which Mother was represented by counsel, and

Father appeared pro se.       Mother testified on her own behalf, and she

presented the testimony of her fiancé, C.C. Father testified on his own behalf.

The testimony revealed, in part, that Mother and Father reside a distance

apart of approximately three miles. N.T., 10/17/18, at 5.

                                      -3-
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       On October 22, 2018, the hearing officer filed a report in the trial court

in which he summarized the testimonial evidence. The hearing officer stated,

in part, “the consensus is that Mother has remained sober for the last few

years.” Report, 10/22/18, at 2 (unpaginated). The hearing officer concluded,

       [C]hild is thriving under the current custody arrangement. As
       such, in the opinion of this officer, the schedule should remain in
       place subject, however, to slight modifications. Specifically,
       [C]hild on Mother’s weekend should be permitted to stay with
       Mother until Monday morning when [C]hild would be returned to
       school. If that Monday is a holiday, then [C]hild would be returned
       to Father. In addition, Mother’s request for the alternating
       Christmas and Easter holidays is reasonable and is being
       recommended to be approved.[7] Further, Mother should be
       permitted to pick-up [C]hild at school on the Friday of her
       custodial weekend. As such, that will also be recommended.
       However, as stated above, other than these minor modifications,
       the court is hesitant to disrupt the custodial arrangement that
       appears to be serving [C]hild’s best interest.

Report, 10/22/18, at 8.

       On November 9, 2018, Mother timely filed pro se written exceptions to

the report pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1915.4-2(b)(4)(5)

and Schuylkill County Rule of Civil Procedure 1915.4-2(g). Mother alleged

____________________________________________

7 Specifically, the hearing officer recommended, pursuant to Mother’s request,
“the parties should alternate the Christmas and Easter holidays such that each
parent will enjoy the eve of the holiday into the holiday in alternating years.”
Report, 10/22/18, at 8.

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that the hearing officer’s recommendation failed to address each of the

custody factors set forth in 23 Pa.C.S. § 5328(a), inter alia.8

       By order dated and entered on January 14, 2019, the trial court granted

the parties shared legal custody, Father primary physical custody, and Mother

partial physical custody during the school year on alternating weekends from

Friday at 4:00 p.m. until Monday morning when Child is returned to school.

In addition, the court maintained Mother’s custody schedule every Wednesday

overnight. During the summer, the court maintained shared physical custody

on an alternating weekly basis between the parties. In addition, the court set

forth a Christmas and Easter holiday schedule as recommended by the hearing

officer. Finally, the court provided, “The Exceptions filed by [Mother] and filed

by [Father] are DENIED and DISMISSED.” Order, 1/14/19, at ¶ 12.

       On February 8, 2019, Mother timely filed a notice of appeal and a concise

statement of errors complained of on appeal. The trial court filed its opinion

pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) on March 12, 2019.

       Mother presents the following issues for our review:

      1. Whether the [trial] court erred in not assuring that the Hearing
         Officer set forth an assessment of each [c]ustody [f]actor[] set
         forth in 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5328(a) in relation to the evidence of
         record, and erred in not setting forth its own assessment of each
         [c]ustody [f]actor in relation to the evidence of record?

____________________________________________

8 On December 24, 2018, Father filed exceptions to the hearing officer’s
report. On January 2, 2019, Mother filed a motion to strike Father’s
exceptions as untimely. By order dated January 14, 2019, the trial court
dismissed as moot Mother’s motion.

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     2. Whether the [trial] court erred in setting forth an Order that is
        contrary to a proper consideration of the evidence of record as
        applied to the [c]ustody [f]actors set forth in 23 Pa.C.S.A. §
        5328(a)?

     3. Whether the [trial] court erred in failing to even address
        [Mother]’s Exceptions[?]

Mother’s brief at 7.

      We review Mother’s issue according to the following scope and standard

of review:

          [T]he appellate court is not bound by the deductions or
          inferences made by the trial court from its findings of fact,
          nor must the reviewing court accept a finding that has no
          competent evidence to support it. . . . However, this broad
          scope of review does not vest in the reviewing court the
          duty or the privilege of making its own independent
          determination. . . . Thus, an appellate court is empowered
          to determine whether the trial court’s incontrovertible
          factual findings support its factual conclusions, but it may
          not interfere with those conclusions unless they are
          unreasonable in view of the trial court’s factual findings;
          and thus, represent a gross abuse of discretion.

      R.M.G., Jr. v. F.M.G., 986 A.2d 1234, 1237 (Pa. Super. 2009)
      (quoting Bovard v. Baker, 775 A.2d 835, 838 (Pa. Super.
      2001)). Moreover,

          [O]n issues of credibility and weight of the evidence, we
          defer to the findings of the trial [court] who has had the
          opportunity to observe the proceedings and demeanor of
          the witnesses.

          The parties cannot dictate the amount of weight the trial
          court places on evidence. Rather, the paramount concern
          of the trial court is the best interest of the child. Appellate
          interference is unwarranted if the trial court’s consideration
          of the best interest of the child was careful and thorough,
          and we are unable to find any abuse of discretion.

                                       -6-
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         R.M.G., Jr., supra at 1237 (internal citations omitted). The test
         is whether the evidence of record supports the trial court’s
         conclusions. Ketterer v. Seifert, 902 A.2d 533, 539 (Pa. Super.
         2006).

A.V. v. S.T., 87 A.3d 818, 820 (Pa. Super. 2014).

         The primary concern in any custody case is the best interests of the

child.     “The best-interests standard, decided on a case-by-case basis,

considers all factors that legitimately have an effect upon the child’s physical,

intellectual, moral, and spiritual well[-]being.” Saintz v. Rinker, 902 A.2d
509, 512 (Pa. Super. 2006), citing Arnold v. Arnold, 847 A.2d 674, 677 (Pa.

Super. 2004).

         It is well-settled that, in determining the best interests of the child, trial

courts are required to consider “[a]ll of the factors listed in section 5328(a)

. . . when entering a custody order.” J.R.M. v. J.E.A., 33 A.3d 647, 652 (Pa.

Super. 2011) (emphasis in original).            This statutory section provides as

follows.

         § 5328. Factors to consider when awarding custody.

               (a) Factors. – In ordering any form of custody, the court
         shall determine the best interest of the child by considering all
         relevant factors, giving weighted consideration to those factors
         which affect the safety of the child, including the following:

                (1) Which party is more likely to encourage and permit
              frequent and continuing contact between the child and
              another party.

                (2) The present and past abuse committed by a party or
              member of the party’s household, whether there is a
              continued risk of harm to the child or an abused party and

                                          -7-
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         which party can better provide adequate physical safeguards
         and supervision of the child.

           (2.1) The information set forth in section 5329.1(a)(1) and
         (2) (relating to consideration of child abuse and involvement
         with protective services).

           (3) The parental duties performed by each party on behalf
         of the child.

           (4) The need for stability and continuity in the child’s
         education, family life and community life.

           (5) The availability of extended family.

           (6) The child’s sibling relationships.

           (7) The well-reasoned preference of the child, based on the
         child's maturity and judgment.

           (8) The attempts of a parent to turn the child against the
         other parent, except in cases of domestic violence where
         reasonable safety measures are necessary to protect the
         child from harm.

           (9) Which party is more likely to maintain a loving, stable,
         consistent and nurturing relationship with the child adequate
         for the child's emotional needs.

           (10) Which party is more likely to attend to the daily
         physical, emotional, developmental, educational and special
         needs of the child.

           (11) The proximity of the residences of the parties.

           (12) Each party’s availability to care for the child or ability
         to make appropriate child-care arrangements.

           (13) The level of conflict between the parties and the
         willingness and ability of the parties to cooperate with one
         another. A party’s effort to protect a child from abuse by
         another party is not evidence of unwillingness or inability to
         cooperate with that party.

                                    -8-
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            (14) The history of drug or alcohol abuse of a party or
           member of a party’s household.

            (15) The mental and physical condition of a party or
           member of a party’s household.

             (16) Any other relevant factor.

23 Pa.C.S. § 5328(a).

      We have explained the trial court’s responsibilities with respect to

custody orders as follows:

      Section 5323(d) provides that a trial court “shall delineate the
      reasons for its decision on the record in open court or in a written
      opinion or order.” 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5323(d). Additionally, “section
      5323(d) requires the trial court to set forth its mandatory
      assessment of the sixteen [Section 5328 custody] factors prior to
      the deadline by which a litigant must file a notice of appeal.” C.B.
      v. J.B., 65 A.3d 946, 955 (Pa. Super. 2013), appeal denied, 70
A.3d 808 (Pa. 2013). . . .

      In expressing the reasons for its decision, “there is no required
      amount of detail for the trial court’s explanation; all that is
      required is that the enumerated factors are considered and that
      the custody decision is based on those considerations.” M.J.M. v.
      M.L.G., 63 A.3d 331, 336 (Pa. Super. 2013), appeal denied, [620
Pa. 710], 68 A.3d 909 (2013). A court’s explanation of reasons
      for its decision, which adequately addresses the relevant factors,
      complies with Section 5323(d). Id.

A.V., 87 A.3d at 822-823.

      Relevant to this case is Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1915.4-1,

which permits trial courts to adopt an alternative procedure for partial custody

actions, as follows:

      Rule 1915.4-1. Alternative Procedures for Partial Custody
      Actions

                                     -9-
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      (a) A custody action shall proceed as prescribed by Pa.R.C.P. No.
      1915.4-3 unless the court, by local rule, adopts the alternative
      hearing procedure authorized by Pa.R.C.P. No. 1915.4-2 pursuant
      to which an action for partial custody may be heard by a hearing
      officer, except as provided in subdivision (b).

      (b) Promptly after the parties’ initial contact with the court as set
      forth in Pa.R.C.P. No. 1915.4(a), a party may move the court for
      a hearing before a judge, rather than a hearing officer, in an action
      for partial custody where:

         (1) there are complex questions of law, fact or both; or

         (2) the parties certify to the court that there are serious
         allegations affecting the child’s welfare.

                                   ...

Pa.R.C.P. 1915.4-1(a). In this case, Schuylkill County Rule of Civil Procedure

1915.4(f) provides “that partial custody matters may be heard by a Custody

Officer.” Trial Court Opinion, 3/12/19, at 5.

      In addition, Pa.R.C.P. 1915.4-2 provides, in pertinent part:

      Rule 1915.4-2.   Partial Custody.             Office Conference.
      Hearing Record. Exceptions. Order.

                                      ...

      (b) Hearing.

                                      ...

         (4) Within twenty days after the date the hearing officer’s
         report is mailed or received by the parties, whichever occurs
         first, any party may file exceptions to the report or any part
         thereof, to rulings on objections to evidence, to statements or
         findings of fact, to conclusions of law, or to any other matters
         occurring during the hearing. Each exception shall set forth a
         separate objection precisely and without discussion. Matters
         not covered by exceptions are deemed waived unless, prior to
         entry of the final order, leave is granted to file exceptions

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           raising those matters. If exceptions are filed, any other party
           may file exceptions within twenty days of the date of service
           of the original exceptions.

           (5) If no exceptions are filed within the twenty-day period,
           the court shall review the report and, if approved, enter a final
           order.

           (6) If exceptions are filed, the court shall hear argument on
           the exceptions within forty-five days of the date the last party
           files exceptions, and enter an appropriate final order within
           fifteen days of argument. No motion for Post-Trial Relief may
           be filed to the final order.

Pa.R.C.P. 1915.4-2(b).9

       Our Supreme Court has explained the trial court’s responsibilities with

respect to custody actions that proceed before a hearing officer, as follows:

       [T]he trial court is required to make an independent review of the
       record to determine whether the hearing officer’s findings and
       recommendations are appropriate. See generally Pa.R.C.P.
       1915.4-1, 1915.4-2. Although advisory, the hearing officer’s
       report and recommendations are given the fullest consideration
       particularly on the issue of credibility of witnesses, which the trial
       court is not empowered to second-guess. See generally Neil v.
       Neil, 731 A.2d 156 (Pa. Super. 1999) (holding that reviewing
       court may not second-guess hearing officer’s credibility
       determinations).

T.B. v. L.R.M., 753 A.2d 873, 881-882 (Pa. Super. 2000) (en banc).

____________________________________________

9 With respect to Pa.R.C.P. 1915.4-2(b), Mother states in her brief that
Schuylkill County Rule of Civil Procedure 1915.4-2(i) provides “that the
exceptions to the hearing officer’s report shall be decided on the briefs of the
parties unless oral argument is requested by praecipe of one or more parties.”
Mother’s brief at 53. Here, the record reveals that the parties submitted briefs
on their respective exceptions, but they did not request oral argument.

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       In her first issue, Mother asserts that the trial court erred in failing to

require the hearing officer to set forth its assessment of all of the Section

5328(a) factors and/or erred in failing to set forth its own assessment of the

requisite factors.    In her related third issue, Mother asserts that the court

erred in failing to address the exceptions she filed to the hearing officer’s

report. We are constrained to agree.10

       We first address the trial court’s conclusion in its Rule 1925(a) opinion

“that Mother waived any argument regarding shared physical custody by

submitting to the jurisdiction of the Hearing Officer who is only empowered to

hear and decide matters of partial custody.” Trial Court Opinion, 3/12/19, at

5. Because Mother did not object to the custody case proceeding before a

hearing officer, the trial court concludes, “Mother waived her initial request to

change [partial physical] custody to shared custody.” Id. at 6.

       The court cites Littman v. Van Hoek, 789 A.2d 280 (Pa. Super. 2001),

in concluding that the hearing officer in this case “was without power to grant

Mother’s request for shared custody.” Id. Littman is inapplicable.

       We explained in Littman, “Both statutory law and our Supreme Court

mandate that matters relating to primary physical custody be heard by a

trial judge.” Littman, 789 A.2d at 282 (emphasis added). Specifically, we

discussed the relevant Rules of Civil Procedure, as follows, in part:

____________________________________________

10Based on this disposition, we need not consider Mother’s second issue on
appeal.

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       Also enacted was Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1915.4-
       1(a), “Alternative Hearing Procedures for Partial Custody or
       Visitation Action,” which provides, “except as provided in
       subdivision (b), an action for partial custody or visitation may
       be heard by a hearing officer as prescribed by Rule 1915.4-2”
       (emphasis added). Clearly, a trial court can only appoint a master
       to hear partial custody or visitation matters.

Id.11 We also discussed Van Dine v. Gyuriska, 713 A.2d 1104 (Pa. 1998),

wherein our Supreme Court explained that the Rules of Civil Procedure provide

“‘that a trial judge and not a master or hearing officer may make

determinations related to primary physical custody matters.’” Littman,
789 A.2d at 282 (emphasis added) (citing Van Dine, 713 A.2d at 1105

(internal citations omitted)).

____________________________________________

11 Rule 1915.4-1, set forth above, was amended in September of 2013. The
amended Rule omitted alternative hearing procedures for “visitation.” This
amendment is consistent with the Act, which does not include “visitation” as
a type of custody award. Indeed, the Act provides, in pertinent part:

       § 5323. Award of Custody.

       (a) Types of award. — After considering the factors set forth in
       section 5328 (relating to factors to consider when awarding
       custody), the court may award any of the following types of
       custody if it is in the best interest of the child:

           (1)   Shared physical custody.
           (2)   Primary physical custody.
           (3)   Partial physical custody.
           (4)   Sole physical custody.
           (5)   Supervised physical custody.
           (6)   Shared legal custody.
           (7)   Sole legal custody.

23 Pa.C.S. §5323(a).

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      In Littman, we did not discuss whether statutory and case law permit

a hearing officer to preside over requests for shared physical custody, which

was Mother’s request at issue in this case.          Therefore, Littman is not

controlling.

      However, in C.A.B. v. P.D.K., 74 A.3d 170 (Pa. Super. 2013), this Court

affirmed a custody order that adopted the recommendations of a hearing

officer for shared legal and physical custody between the parties. In that case,

we affirmed the trial court’s order awarding the appellant, who was the

mother’s former husband, shared legal and physical custody with the child’s

mother and her fiancé. There was no dispute that Mothers fiancé, with whom

she resided, was the child’s biological father. The custody hearing was held

before a hearing officer who recommended shared legal and physical custody

between the aforementioned parties. It is important to note that the record

reflected the hearing officer “thoroughly considered the statutory factors

relevant to a custody determination . . . .” C.A.B., 74 A.3d at 178.

      Because the appellant in C.A.B. did not file exceptions pursuant to Rule

1915.4-2(b)(4), this Court held that he waived the issue on appeal regarding

whether the trial court abused its discretion in finding the child’s best interests

served by awarding shared custody to his biological father.           Even if the

appellant had preserved the issue, we held that the trial court did not err or

abuse its discretion in adopting the recommendation of the hearing officer

because “the hearing officer was highly conscientious in discerning the child’s

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best interests, and recommended a custody arrangement that equitably

balanced the competing interests of all persons involved.” C.A.B., 74 A.3d at

179. Based on C.A.B., we disagree with the trial court that Mother waived

her shared physical custody request by submitting to the jurisdiction of the

hearing officer.

      Furthermore, Mother, during the proceeding before the hearing officer

on October 17, 2018, testified regarding her request for shared physical

custody on an alternating weekly basis during the school year.       See N.T.,

10/17/18, at 17-18. The hearing officer recommended that the trial court

deny Mother’s request for shared physical custody during the school year, but

he did so without considering all of the Section 5328(a) custody factors, as

explained infra.   Report, 10/22/18, at 8 (unpaginated).     Moreover, Mother

timely filed exceptions, wherein she raised this issue.

      The hearing officer stated in his report, “The Custody Act sets forth

sixteen Factors that the court is to consider.”       Report, 10/22/18, at 7

(unpaginated). He continued:

      Notably one of the Factors is the need for stability and continuity
      in a child’s education, family life and community life. Courts are
      hesitant to disrupt custodial arrangements that have served the
      child’s best interest, Wiseman v. Wall, 718 A.2d 844 (Pa. Super.
      1998). Continuity and stability in a child’s life, both with the
      child’s known physical environment and relationships with family,
      are essential factors in any best interest analysis. The goal of any
      custody action is to minimize disruption to the child, who is an
      innocent bystander to the parents’ domestic troubles, S.J.S. v.
      M.J.S., 76 A.3d 541 (Pa. Super. 2013).

Id. The hearing officer found, in total:

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      In weighing all of the Factors, including the aforementioned
      Factor, both parties present as loving and capable parents. Both
      appear to attend to the child’s physical, emotional,
      developmental, and educational needs.          Both parties are
      employed.

      Mother does have a history of alcohol abuse, however, the
      evidence supports that she has remained sober for several years.

Report, 10/22/18, at 7-8. He concluded:

      The child is thriving under the current custody arrangement. As
      such, in the opinion of this officer, the schedule should remain in
      place subject, however, to slight modifications. . . . However, as
      stated above, other than these minor modifications, the court is
      hesitant to disrupt the custodial arrangement that appears to be
      serving the child’s best interest.

Id. at 8.

      The hearing officer did not assess all of the Section 5328(a) custody

factors in the report or on the record in open court.       The hearing officer

appears to have considered Section 5328(a)(4), the need for stability and

continuity in the child’s education, family life and community life, to the

exclusion of the other factors. Further, it is well-established that it is within

the purview of the fact finder to determine which of the Section 5328(a)

custody factors “are most salient and critical in each particular case.” M.J.M.

v. M.L.G., 63 A.3d 331, 339 (Pa. Super. 2013). The Act provides only that

trial courts give weighted consideration to those factors affecting the safety of

the child. In this case, the hearing officer’s analysis of Section 5328(a)(4) did

not implicate Child’s safety. We conclude that the hearing officer violated the

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Act by considering Section 5328(a)(4) to the exclusion of the other factors

and finding it dispositive of Mother’s shared physical custody request.

      It follows that the trial court erred and abused its discretion in denying

Mother’s exceptions to the hearing officer’s report and, in effect, adopting the

hearing officer’s recommendations without considering the Section 5328(a)

custody factors in a written opinion or on the record in open court.        See

J.R.M., 33 A.3d at 652; see also M.J.M., 63 A.3d at 339 (explaining, “the

Legislature has created a mandatory inquiry to aid trial courts in determining

the best interests of the child in a custody dispute.”).

      We recognize in M.O. v. J.T.R., 85 A.3d 1058 (Pa. Super. 2014), this

Court held that Section 5328(a) is not implicated in cases where an order does

not change the “type” of the underlying custody award, or change the amount

of custodial time awarded to a party. In M.O., we explained:

      The court was not deciding physical or legal custody, nor even
      changing the amount of custodial time that either party had with
      the Children. Rather, the trial court addressed a subsidiary issue:
      whether Father was required to be off from work while the
      Children stayed with him for a portion of the summer. After
      hearing the evidence that the parties presented limited to that
      sole issue, the trial court decided that Father could work during
      the three weeks in question. While the court’s ruling modified its
      prior order, it did not change the underlying award of custody.

M.O., 85 A.3d at 1062-1063.

      M.O. is inapplicable.    In this case, Mother specifically requested a

change in the “type” of custody during Child’s school year. Petition, 8/2/18,

at ¶ 4. This Court has held that, even in cases where the trial court merely

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reaffirms its prior custody order, it is nevertheless making a ruling on the

request to change the form of physical custody; therefore, the trial court is

bound to decide whether the order remains in the child’s best interest, and it

is obligated to consider the factors set forth in Section 5328(a). S.W.D. v.

S.A.R., 96 A.3d 396, 406 (Pa. Super. 2014).

       Thus, as Mother filed a petition to modify custody by changing the

underlying award and because the hearing officer did not consider all of the

Section 5328(a) factors, the trial court erred in denying Mother’s exceptions

and in failing to consider Section 5328(a).        S.W.D., 96 A.3d at 397.

Accordingly, we vacate the January 14, 2019 order, and remand the matter

for the trial court to consider all of the factors from Section 5328(a) on the

record or in a written opinion. The trial court shall then enter a new custody

order based on its consideration and assessment of Section 5328(a) and

Child’s best interests.12

       Order vacated.         Case remanded with instructions.    Jurisdiction

relinquished.

____________________________________________

12While acknowledging Father’s filing of documents on August 13, 2019, and
Mother’s counsel’s response thereto filed on August 15, 2019, both noted on
our docket as “Other”, the documents were not considered by this panel as
they were not properly filed before this Court.

                                          - 18 -
J-S33030-19

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 9/16/2019

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