Court Opinion

ID: 9406231
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-06-30 14:06:02.489495+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:27.720337
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: JUNE 23, 2023; 10:00 A.M.
                         NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                Commonwealth of Kentucky
                          Court of Appeals

                             NO. 2022-CA-0620-ME

AMANDA HAVILL                                                        APPELLANT

                APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT
v.                    FAMILY DIVISION THREE (3)
                 HONORABLE LORI N. GOODWIN, JUDGE
                      ACTION NO. 11-D-502715-006

JEFFERSON NEAL                                                         APPELLEE

                                    OPINION
                                   AFFIRMING

                                  ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: EASTON, JONES, AND LAMBERT, JUDGES.

EASTON, JUDGE: Appellant, Amanda Havill (“Amanda”) appeals from the

Jefferson Family Court’s denial of her request to extend a Domestic Violence

Order (“DVO”) against the Appellee, Jefferson Neal (“Jeff”). Amanda argues the

family court abused its discretion by declining to extend the DVO and that it erred

when it failed to make sufficient findings of fact. We conclude the family court
did not abuse its discretion in these circumstances and that it belatedly made the

requisite findings of fact to support its decision. Therefore, we affirm.

                  FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

             Amanda has a long history of petitions against Jeff about domestic

violence. Amanda and Jeff were never married but cohabitated for a while. They

have one daughter (“Child”), now aged 12. This appeal concerns the sixth “trailer”

or subfile, one for each petition filed by Amanda. While we were not provided the

entire record, we do have relevant information about the previous filings.

             Amanda filed the first petition for an Emergency Protective Order

(“EPO”) on October 9, 2011, when the Child was one year of age. The court

granted the EPO the same day. This case was dismissed eight days later by

agreement. Amanda filed the second petition a year later, on October 19, 2012,

and a second EPO was granted. This petition was also dismissed by agreement one

week later, on October 26, 2012.

             Amanda filed a third petition on October 6, 2014. In this case, a

Domestic Violence Order was entered on October 20, 2014, and remained in effect

until April 11, 2016. Amanda filed petition number four on November 26, 2016.

This case was dismissed on January 9, 2017, by agreement. The fifth petition was

filed on August 26, 2020. The hearing for a DVO was continued multiple times,

                                         -2-
and the EPO expired per the statutory timeframe. KRS1 403.740(6). The latest

petition was filed by Amanda on October 12, 2021. It is the result of this sixth

petition which is before this Court.

                The facts alleged in the petition for trailers number five and six are

identical. Amanda alleges that Jeff has perpetuated a repeated pattern of abuse

upon her for over ten years. She alleges she has suffered black eyes, a broken

nose, has been spit on, and has been verbally and mentally abused in the presence

of the Child. She alleges Jeff has threatened to kill her on multiple occasions. She

writes in the petition she possesses a recorded statement of Jeff stating he wishes

someone would kill her. She claims he owns multiple firearms and uses loaded

guns as intimidation.

                In the sixth petition, Amanda adds that an EPO was granted in August

2020. She further alleges Jeff’s counsel purposefully delayed the hearing so that

the EPO expired without her knowledge. She claims nothing has changed since

that time and she is still afraid of him. Another EPO was granted in Amanda’s

favor on October 12, 2021, based on the repeated allegations in petition six.

Several continuances occurred for various reasons, and the hearing for

determination of a DVO was held on February 14, 2022.

1
    Kentucky Revised Statutes.

                                            -3-
               While much of the parties’ testimony was conflicting, the parties

agreed that the primary allegation in the fifth and sixth petitions involve a

telephone conversation that occurred on August 24, 2020. During this

conversation, the parties argued about their Child’s school uniforms. Amanda

recorded this phone conversation without Jeff’s knowledge or consent. At some

point during the call, Jeff made statements to the effect of wishing someone would

kill Amanda.

             Jeff claims these statements were made to a third party who was

present with him at his residence. Jeff believed the phone conversation with

Amanda was concluded at the time he made this statement, and he thought he had

ended the call. Amanda argues that Jeff made these statements during their

conversation and that he intended for her to hear him.

             Jeff tells a different story, which offers a reason for the sixth petition

other than any actual fear Amanda may have of him. Jeff claims that in June 2021,

he filed a motion to modify his parenting schedule in the circuit court custody

action. A hearing date was scheduled for December 2021. Amanda’s deposition

was scheduled for mid-October 2021. Amanda’s new counsel (who had recently

been substituted for her previous counsel) emailed Jeff’s counsel to advise that Jeff

could not be present during Amanda’s deposition because of an EPO.

                                          -4-
            On October 12, 2021, Jeff’s counsel responded and informed

Amanda’s counsel that the EPO had expired, and he indicated Jeff would be

present at Amanda’s deposition. It was on this date Amanda filed her sixth

petition, and another EPO was granted. Due to the EPO, neither Amanda’s

deposition nor the December hearing date took place. Jeff alleges Amanda filed

the EPO as a stall tactic to continue to keep Jeff away from the Child.

             During the hearing on the latest petition, Amanda testified to the

allegations in her petition. She spoke about having black eyes and having her teeth

cracked by being punched in the mouth by Jeff. She claims their Child was always

present during these incidents. Amanda alleges she’s witnessed Jeff do cocaine

and drink excessively.

            Amanda admits she agreed to convert three of her prior EPO’s into No

Unlawful Contact Orders; however, she claimed they were not effective. Amanda

also admitted she contacted Jeff during a period when the prior DVO was in effect

because she was afraid to leave their Child alone with him, as the Child was not

covered by the prior DVO. Amanda testified that, eventually, Jeff’s parenting time

with the Child was required to be supervised in the separate custody action.

             Amanda then testified about the phone call of August 24, 2020. She

claims she called Jeff to discuss the Child’s school uniforms. Their delivery was

delayed, so she indicated to Jeff that she had purchased substitute uniforms the

                                         -5-
Child could wear to school for the first day. Amanda testified Jeff became very

angry and began yelling at her. He called her names and made a statement that he

wished someone would kill her.

             She recorded the phone call, and Amanda’s counsel asked to play it

for the court. Jeff’s counsel objected to the recording. He claims he had not been

provided it and had never heard it. At this point, the family court recessed for Jeff

and his counsel to listen to the recording.

             When the parties returned, they informed the court they had reached

an agreement for yet another No Unlawful Contact Order. Before the terms of the

proposed order could be put fully on the record, Amanda changed her mind and

claimed she didn’t understand the agreement. She stated she did not want to

dismiss the EPO petition in exchange for a No Unlawful Contact Order. The court

then set another date to conclude the hearing.

             On April 11, 2022, the family court heard a motion from Amanda to

extend the EPO, as it otherwise would expire that day. The family court stated it

did not have the authority to extend the EPO because of the six-month limitation,

but it agreed to grant Amanda a very short-term and limited DVO. The DVO

would only restrain Jeff from having contact with Amanda, not the child, and it

was only to last until the next hearing date. The family court stated the following

hearing then would be a hearing to extend the DVO.

                                          -6-
               On May 2, 2022, the family court concluded the hearing. Over Jeff’s

objection, Amanda was allowed to play the recording of the phone call. The

family court stated the recording was very difficult to understand, and we agree. It

was impossible to understand the majority of what Jeff said during the recorded

phone call.

               Jeff pointed out the relevant statement in the phone call was

part of a conversation between Jeff and a third party, not between Jeff and

Amanda. He argued it was a violation of Kentucky’s eavesdropping statute2 to

record that portion of the conversation. He argued the family court should not

consider any part of the conversation that occurred after Jeff and Amanda both

believed their conversation to be concluded. Jeff testified he had in Bluetooth

headphones during the phone conversation, and he thought he had pushed the

button to end the phone call with Amanda prior to making the statement to a third

person about wishing someone would kill her.

               Jeff argued Amanda knew their conversation was concluded when the

statement was made. He entered a record of text messages between Jeff and

Amanda that were exchanged immediately after the phone conversation. Jeff

specifically references a text Amanda sent to Jeff on August 24, 2020, at 9:22 p.m.,

2
    KRS 526.020.

                                          -7-
which read “Wow/ I heard your conversation with JD-Are you too intoxicated to

hang up your phone when our conversation was over??”3

                The family court declined to grant the extension of the DVO. The

family court judge stated that but for Amanda having recorded a conversation with

a third party without Jeff’s knowledge, she would have no personal knowledge of

his statements. The family court found that Amanda’s text messages to Jeff

acknowledged their conversation was concluded. The family court stated that

while it does not dispute domestic violence has occurred in the past, Amanda’s

petition references no recent allegations of abuse, only this statement directed to a

third party. While the family court ruled orally from the bench, it did not issue any

written order until February 14, 2023, after orders from this Court to do so.

                                       STANDARD OF REVIEW

                A review of a trial court’s decision regarding an entry of an order of

protection is limited to “whether the findings of the trial judge were clearly

erroneous or that he abused his discretion.” Caudill v. Caudill, 318 S.W.3d 112,

115 (Ky. App. 2010). “Abuse of discretion occurs when a court’s decision is

unreasonable, unfair, arbitrary or capricious.” Dunn v. Thacker, 546 S.W.3d 576,

578 (Ky. App. 2018). A trial court’s findings of fact are not clearly erroneous if

3
    Respondent’s Exhibit 1, Page 26.

                                             -8-
supported by substantial evidence. Moore v. Asente, 110 S.W.3d 336, 354 (Ky.

2003).

                                     ANALYSIS

             Amanda argues the family court committed two errors. First, she

argues the family court abused its discretion in declining to extend the DVO.

Second, she claims the family court erred when it failed to make sufficient written

findings of fact.

             Domestic violence orders are governed by KRS Chapter 403. To

enter a domestic violence order, a trial court is required to find by a preponderance

of the evidence that domestic violence has occurred and is likely to occur again.

KRS 403.740. “The preponderance of the evidence standard is satisfied when

sufficient evidence establishes the alleged victim was more likely than not to have

been a victim of domestic violence.” Dunn v. Thacker, 546 S.W.3d at 580. “The

definition of domestic violence and abuse, found in KRS 403.720(1), includes

‘physical injury, serious physical injury, sexual abuse, assault, or the infliction of

fear of imminent physical injury, serious physical injury, sexual abuse, or assault

between family members.’” Abdul-Rahman v. Peterson, 338 S.W.3d 823, 825

(Ky. App. 2011).

             Amanda first argues the family court abused its discretion because it

based its ruling on the finding that had Amanda not recorded a conversation to

                                          -9-
which she was not a party, she would not have any personal knowledge of Jeff’s

threat. As it turns out, the propriety of Amanda’s recording of the conversation is

not decisive in our review. Amanda testified as to Jeff’s statements, and Jeff did

not deny making those statements. The family court allowed the recording to be

played, although as previously stated, most of Jeff’s side of the conversation was

so muffled it was incoherent. Even if Amanda had not recorded the conversation,

she still heard Jeff’s statement, which she perceived as a threat.

             We must apply the wording of the statute which speaks in terms of

“infliction of fear of imminent physical injury.” The family court could have

found Jeff’s statement, considering the history of these parties, equated to a threat

adequate to make a finding of domestic violence, but the family court was not

required to do so in these circumstances. By contrast, in Williford v. Williford, 583

S.W.3d 424 (Ky. App. 2019), the petitioner overheard several threats with an

actual plan to kill the petitioner: “I’m going to go in there and get him in an

argument and blow his head off[.]” Id. at 426.

             With that being said, the family court acted within its discretion to

deny the extension with a finding that Jeff had not inflicted fear of injury on

Amanda since Jeff did not direct the statement to Amanda, and the statement did

not express any plan beyond a thoughtless and flippant general death wish, which

is too often stated when formerly intimate persons break up. While Amanda

                                         -10-
testified that Jeff made additional statements to her during their telephone

conversation that were threatening in nature, Jeff testified his only statement in that

manner was to the third party with him in the room. The family court’s

determination of which party’s testimony to believe was not an abuse of discretion.

“The family court is in the best position to judge the credibility of the witnesses

and weigh the evidence presented.” Id. at 429.

             “A court may enter a DVO ‘if it finds from a preponderance of the

evidence that an act or acts of domestic violence and abuse have occurred and may

again occur . . . .’” Bissell v. Baumbardner, 236 S.W.3d 24, 29 (Ky. App. 2007)

(citing KRS 403.740(1)). The family court did not find that an act of domestic

violence had occurred in this instance. While the family court acknowledged that

acts of violence occurred in the past, it did not find the allegations in the petition

met the evidentiary standard.

             A family court is not required to disregard the history of the case or of

the parties. See Baird v. Baird, 234 S.W.3d 385, 388 (Ky. App. 2007). As

previously discussed, this is the sixth domestic violence petition filed in this action,

filed over a span of ten years. The parties also have a corresponding custody

action regarding their minor child. The family court reviewed the multiple prior

agreements to convert EPOs into No Unlawful Contact Orders, the agreements to

continue, and the agreements to dismiss previous EPOs. The family court in this

                                          -11-
instance looked at the totality of the circumstances to make its finding that an act

of domestic violence had not occurred. The denial of the extension of the DVO

was not an abuse of discretion.

             Amanda further argues the family court failed to make sufficient

written findings of fact. “A family court is obligated to make written findings of

fact showing the rationale for its actions taken under KRS Chapter 403, including

DVO cases, even if the rationale may be gleaned from the record.” Thurman v.

Thurman, 560 S.W.3d 884, 887 (Ky. App. 2018). This includes cases where a

family court denies the petition for a DVO. Hall v. Smith, 599 S.W.3d 451, 455

(Ky. App. 2020). However, “it would seem unduly burdensome and unnecessary

for a court to make findings of fact that establish a non-finding of necessary facts.”

Id. This Court in Hall determined that checking a particular box on AOC form

275.3 in a DVO case where the trial court declined to issue a DVO would meet the

requirement of written factual findings. Id.

             If checking the box on the standardized form is adequate fact-finding

to affirm the denial of the issuance of a domestic violence order, the order issued

by the family court in this instance is clearly sufficient. While the family court’s

order was delayed, it did include written findings that it did not find by a

preponderance of the evidence that an act of domestic violence had occurred.

             When reviewing an order regarding the issuance of an order of

                                         -12-
protection, “the test is not whether we would have decided it differently, but

whether the court’s findings were clearly erroneous or that it abused its discretion.”

Gomez v. Gomez, 254 S.W.3d 838, 842 (Ky. App. 2008). We give great deference

to the trial courts as the finders of fact. “It has long been held that the trier of fact

has the right to believe the evidence presented by one litigant in preference to

another.” Commonwealth v. Anderson, 934 S.W.2d 276, 278 (Ky. 1996). “The

trier of fact may take into consideration all the circumstances of the case, including

the credibility of the witness.” Id.

                                    CONCLUSION

              The Jefferson Family Court’s findings of fact are supported by the

evidence and are not clearly erroneous. The Jefferson Family Court acted within

its discretion. For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the ruling of the Jefferson

Family Court.

              LAMBERT, JUDGE, CONCURS.

              JONES, JUDGE, DISSENTS AND DOES NOT FILE SEPARATE
OPINION.

 BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT:                        BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

 Allison S. Russell                           B. Mark Mulloy
 Shanna R. Ballinger                          Louisville, Kentucky
 Louisville, Kentucky

                                           -13-