Court Opinion

ID: 4536561
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-05-26 17:12:08.166263+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:48:50.666989
License: Public Domain

J-S14004-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA            :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                        :
           v.                           :
                                        :
                                        :
REGINALD CARROLL                        :
                                        :
                 Appellant              :   No. 2687 EDA 2018

      Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered August 24, 2018
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-51-CR-0001941-2017

BEFORE: BOWES, J., KING, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                                 FILED MAY 26, 2020

      Reginald Carroll appeals from his August 24, 2018 judgment of sentence

of ten to twenty years of imprisonment, imposed after he was found guilty of

conspiracy to commit kidnapping. Appellant’s counsel has filed a petition to

withdraw and a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967),

and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009). Appellant filed

several pro se responses. We grant counsel’s petition to withdraw, and affirm.

      The trial court summarized the facts as follows:

            On January 30, 2017, during late afternoon[,] Agent Louis
      Schmidt of the Drug Enforcement Agency of the Federal
      Government was conducting an investigation in the area of a
      Metro PCS Cell Phone store situated on Frankford Avenue in
      Philadelphia when he observed Appellant and his three co-
      defendants exit the store and enter a red Jeep Cherokee. When
      the Jeep drove away, the agent followed the vehicle to Erie
      Avenue but lost it in traffic. Upon losing visual contact with the
      vehicle, the agent contacted Officer Torres of the Philadelphia
      Police Department’s Narcotics Enforcement Team so that Officer
J-S14004-20

     Torres could advise other police personnel of what the agent had
     just observed. At the time, the agent was using a video camera
     and recorded the defendants leaving the store and entering the
     Jeep.

     Agent Schmidt also informed Philadelphia Police Sergeant Wali
     Shabazz, assigned to the 25th District’s Narcotics Enforcement
     Team, about what he had observed and that he thought that there
     was a good chance that a woman was going to be kidnapped.
     Based upon that information, Sgt. Shabazz and members of his
     team proceeded to the 2400 block of Aramingo Avenue, the
     location of a shopping plaza, where the sergeant had two
     members of his team watch the store in which the alleged victim
     worked. While driving around the lot, the sergeant saw a red Jeep
     that matched a description of the vehicle mentioned by Agent
     Schmidt driving in the parking lot of the shopping center and a
     black male later identified as [Appellant], who had been described
     by the agent. He informed the officers conducting the surveillance
     of the store about what he observed and left the lot to avoid the
     suspects from identifying his vehicle as a police vehicle.

     Sergeant Shabazz drove a couple of blocks away and parked his
     car. While there, he received a radio call from the officers
     conducting the surveillance advising him that a woman had been
     grabbed by two men who forced her into a silver Toyota. The
     sergeant drove to the shopping center and he and other officers
     unsuccessfully attempted to box in the Jeep and the Toyota, when
     they were driven in different directions once they left the parking
     lot. Sergeant Shabazz pursued the Toyota, which crashed a
     couple of blocks from the shopping center. Upon crashing,
     [Appellant] and [Michael Cruz] exited the Toyota and fled. The
     sergeant proceeded to the vehicle and had contact with the
     woman who had been abducted as other officers pursued the two
     males who ran from the Toyota. [Appellant], who was depicted in
     a video recorded at the scene of the vehicle crash running from
     the vehicle, was apprehended a short time thereafter and brought
     over to the Toyota.

     After the Toyota crashed, Agent Schmidt was informed that the
     Jeep was stopped on Aramingo Avenue and that a female, later
     identified as Crystal Reyes, the complainant herein, had been
     grabbed by persons earlier observed in the Jeep and placed in
     another car in the parking lot. The agent immediately drove to
     Lehigh Avenue and Thompson Street and learned that police were

                                    -2-
J-S14004-20

     searching for defendants. At some point, he had contact with
     [Appellant] who said, essentially, that he had not done anything.
     The agent showed [Appellant] a photograph of himself which the
     agent had copied from the video he recorded earlier that day.

     In January of 2017, Ms. Reyes, who, at the time knew each of the
     defendants, worked at a dental office located in the shopping mall
     at 2400 Aramingo Avenue. On January 31, 2017, Ms. Reyes was
     at work and noticed a burgundy Jeep driving back and forth
     outside the dental office. When Ms. Reyes left work that day at
     about 7:45 p.m., she observed a male wearing clothes that
     covered him from head to toe walking toward her and another
     male wearing gray clothing that also covered his entire body get
     out of the Jeep and approach her. She also saw the Jeep she had
     seen earlier in the day parked outside another store. The two
     males forced Ms. Reyes to get into her car, a silver Toyota that
     belonged to her paramour, at which time the males, who . . . were
     in phone contact with Torres and who w[ere] giving them
     directions, took Ms. Reyes’[s] cell phone and purse and told Ms.
     Reyes to be quiet and cooperate with them because they had her
     children. One of the males then began driving the Toyota but
     almost immediately police vehicles drove up to the Jeep and Ms.
     Reyes’[s] vehicle and unsuccessfully attempted to box in the Jeep,
     which was occupied by Torres and co-defendant Rodriguez, and
     the Toyota containing Ms. Reyes and the two other males. After
     a short pursuit the car containing Ms. Reyes crashed and the two
     men inside it fled. Police came up to the car and directed Ms.
     Reyes to stay inside it. Other officers chased after [Appellant] and
     [Cruz] and [Appellant] was apprehended shortly thereafter
     following a short pursuit but Cruz avoided apprehension.

     Philadelphia Police Officers John Logan and his partner pursued
     the Jeep, which co-defendant Rodriguez was driving and in which
     Torres was a passenger. However, the officers lost sight of the
     Jeep in traffic and later found it abandoned in the 3000 block of
     Livingston Street. During the pursuit, which continued for about
     fifty blocks, co-defendant Rodriguez committed numerous traffic
     violations.

     Shortly after the Toyota crashed, the police brought [Appellant]
     to Ms. Reyes and in Sergeant Shabazz’s presence, she identified
     [Appellant] as being the male who was wearing the gray sweater
     when she was abducted and who forced her into the Toyota.
     Subsequent thereto, Ms. Reyes was interviewed by police and told

                                    -3-
J-S14004-20

     them about what happened to her when she left work. During the
     interview, she identified photographs depicting co-defendants
     Torres and Rodriguez.

     On February 1, 2017, police interviewed Ms. Reyes. During [the
     interview] she indicated that after the car crashed, she began
     driving the car and threw a gun into a flowerpot that [Appellant]
     left in the Jeep when he fled. She also identified a photograph of
     [Cruz]. She added that after giving her first statement to police
     she told her paramour about the gun she hid in the flowerpot and
     that he retrieved and ultimately brought [it] to the police. She
     also stated that [Appellant] showed her a gun when he and [Cruz]
     accosted her and that [Cruz] was the person who took her purse
     and cell phone from her.

     Mr. Elin Gonzalez-Ramirez was working as a cab driver the
     evening when the incident herein occurred. At about 8:15 p.m.,
     he went to 1100 Belgrade Street in Philadelphia, which was near
     where the Jeep was found, and picked up Torres and Rodriguez
     and drove them to the 4000 block of I Street in Philadelphia.
     Authorities also recovered a video from inside a bar near where
     the Jeep was located. It depicted Torres and Rodriguez together
     inside the bar.

     A search of the Jeep resulted in the recovery of a driver’s license
     in the name of Tashira Marie Rodriguez and a vehicle registration
     that indicated that the Jeep was registered to someone with the
     same name. They also recovered some photographs depicting
     Torres and Rodriguez and an unknown prison inmate and another
     depicting [Cruz] with the same inmate. Four empty cell phone
     boxes and purchase receipts connected thereto, which showed
     that the phones had been purchased on January 31, 2017, were
     also seized. Police later matched cell phones found by police on
     the night of the incident and inside of a residence in the 3900
     block of I Street to two of the empty boxes found inside the Jeep.
     One of the receipts listed Rodriguez as a purchaser and another
     the complainant, Crystal Reyes.

     Philadelphia Police Officer John Seigafuse was one of the officers
     who participated in the surveillance conducted at the shopping
     plaza on Aramingo Avenue. While so engaged, he saw the red
     Jeep and observed [Appellant] exiting from it. He also saw
     [Appellant] engage in a phone call and then enter a store following
     which he saw [Appellant] sit on the back of a truck and then take

                                    -4-
J-S14004-20

       a gun out of his pocket, approached a female, and put her into a
       car. He then observed the unsuccessful attempt to box in the Jeep
       and the Toyota after which he proceeded to the location where the
       Toyota crashed where he witnessed Ms. Reyes identify
       [Appellant].

       Following the collection of the videos and other evidence, police
       obtained arrest warrants for [Cruz], Torres, and Rodriguez.
       Torres and Rodriguez were arrested together inside of a residence
       in the 3900 block of I Street.

Trial Court Opinion, 3653 EDA 2018, 6/26/19, at 2-7 (footnotes and citations

to record omitted).1

       Appellant was charged with robbery of a motor vehicle, conspiracy to

commit robbery of a motor vehicle, kidnapping, conspiracy to commit

kidnapping, numerous firearms charges, unlawful restraint, and terroristic

threats. On May 30, 2018, following a six-day trial, the jury found Appellant

guilty of conspiracy to commit kidnapping to inflict terror only. On August 24,

2018, he was sentenced to a term of ten to twenty years of incarceration.

       Appellant filed a post-sentence motion in which he challenged his

sentence as unreasonable and alleged that the verdict was against the weight

of the evidence. The motion was denied on September 12, 2018. Appellant

____________________________________________

1 The trial court did not author an opinion in the case sub judice. See
Commonwealth v. McBride, 95 A.2d 752, 758 (Pa.Super. 2008) (explaining
that no trial court opinion is required in response to Rule 1925(c)(4)
statement). However, it authored an opinion in the appeal of Appellant’s co-
defendant Michael Cruz at No. 3653 EDA 2018, which is also assigned to this
panel.

                                           -5-
J-S14004-20

timely appealed, and counsel filed a Rule 1925(c)(4) statement indicating that

he intended to file an Anders brief, and petitioned to withdraw as counsel.

      Counsel filed an Anders brief discussing issues that Appellant wanted

to pursue, and concluded further that no other issues could reasonably support

the appeal.   He provided a summary of the facts and procedural history,

referred to portions of the record that arguably support the appeal, stated his

conclusion, and provided Appellant with copies of his petition and brief.

Appellant filed two pro se responses to counsel’s Anders brief. In his first

response, he alleged that appellate counsel was ineffective in failing to

investigate other viable appellate issues. In addition, he asked this Court to

direct counsel to provide him with notes of testimony and documents that

would enable him to file an additional response to counsel’s petition. He also

asked this Court to remand the case to the trial court for the filing of a new

Rule 1925(b) concise statement, as he maintained counsel did not present

proper argument, and a Grazier hearing to determine if he was capable of

representing himself.    By order of August 26, 2019, this Court denied

Appellant’s request for a remand for a Grazier hearing and a new Rule

1925(b) statement, but directed counsel to provide Appellant with the notes

of testimony and relevant documents. Appellant was also advised that his

“failure to file a pro se or counseled response may be considered as a waiver

of his right to present his issues to this Court.” Order, 8/26/19.

                                     -6-
J-S14004-20

      On October 21, 2019, Appellant filed a motion for an extension of time,

pleading therein that counsel had not provided him with full and complete

discovery, and thus, he was unable to fully assess the issues raised on appeal.

His motion was granted in part. He was given an additional thirty days in

which to file a pro se or counseled response. He incorporated therein his first

response, and reserved the right to file a brief addressing the matters that

counsel identified in the Anders brief. Appellant also renewed his request for

discovery documents, which was denied without prejudice to raise the issue

in his brief.

      On December 9, 2019, Appellant filed an additional response to the

Anders brief.   Appellant complained that counsel failed to present proper

arguments in regard to the issues raised in the Anders brief.       Additional

Response to Anders Brief, 12/10/19. By order dated December 10, 2019,

this Court denied counsel’s motion to withdraw.

      Before us is a situation similar to the one in Commonwealth v.

Bennett, 124 A.3d 327, 333 (Pa.Super. 2015), where counsel files an Anders

brief and the appellant files a pro se or counseled response. We outlined in

Bennett the proper procedure in such cases. First, we determine whether

counsel fulfilled the dictates of Anders/Santiago, and if so, we address the

issues raised in the Anders brief.         We also conduct an independent

examination of the record as to those issues. If we find the issues meritless,

we next examine Appellant’s pro se allegations. As to the latter, we do not

                                     -7-
J-S14004-20

conduct an independent review of the record as Appellant’s pro se

response/brief is treated as an advocate’s brief.

      We turn first to the counsel’s petition to withdraw and Anders brief.

Counsel must comply with the following procedures.

             Direct appeal counsel seeking to withdraw under Anders
      must file a petition averring that, after a conscientious
      examination of the record, counsel finds the appeal to be wholly
      frivolous. Counsel must also file an Anders brief setting forth
      issues that might arguably support the appeal along with any
      other issues necessary for the effective appellate presentation
      thereof . . . .

             Anders counsel must also provide a copy of the Anders
      petition and brief to the appellant, advising the appellant of the
      right to retain new counsel, proceed pro se or raise any additional
      points worthy of this Court’s attention.

             If counsel does not fulfill the aforesaid technical
      requirements of Anders, this Court will deny the petition to
      withdraw and remand the case with appropriate instructions (e.g.,
      directing counsel either to comply with Anders or file an
      advocate’s brief on Appellant’s behalf). By contrast, if counsel’s
      petition and brief satisfy Anders, we will then undertake our own
      review of the appeal to determine if it is wholly frivolous. If the
      appeal is frivolous, we will grant the withdrawal petition and affirm
      the judgment of sentence. However, if there are non-frivolous
      issues, we will deny the petition and remand for the filing of an
      advocate’s brief.

Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 931 A.2d 717, 720-21 (Pa.Super. 2007).

      Counsel filed the required petition averring that, after a conscientious

review of the record, he found the appeal to be wholly frivolous. He filed an

Anders brief discussing issues that Appellant wanted to pursue, and

concluded further that no other issues could reasonably support the appeal.

                                      -8-
J-S14004-20

He provided Appellant with copies of his petition and brief, and advised

Appellant that Appellant could retain new counsel or proceed pro se, and raise

any additional arguments. Thus, counsel complied with the technical Anders

requirements.

      In Santiago, our High Court further clarified the Anders procedure:

      [I]n the Anders brief that accompanies court-appointed counsel’s
      petition to withdraw, counsel must: (1) provide a summary of the
      procedural history and facts, with citations to the record; (2) refer
      to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably supports
      the appeal; (3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is
      frivolous; and (4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the
      appeal is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
      record, controlling case law, and/or statues on point that have led
      to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.

Santiago, supra at 361.

      After conducting our review of counsel’s Anders brief, we find that

counsel     has   substantially   complied   with   the   additional   Santiago

requirements. Counsel represented that he had reviewed the entire record.

He provided a summary of the facts and procedural history, referred to

portions of the record that arguably support the appeal, stated his conclusion

that the appeal is frivolous, and cited authority in support thereof. In addition,

counsel apprised Appellant of his right to proceed pro se or retain another

attorney.

      Preliminarily, we will review the issues presented by counsel in the

Anders brief. Then, we will review the subsequent pro se filing as we do any

advocate’s brief. Bennett, supra at 333.

                                      -9-
J-S14004-20

      Counsel identified four issues that Appellant sought to raise on appeal:

      1. The verdicts were against the weight of the evidence because the
         testimony presented by the Commonwealth was perjurious,
         contradictory, inconsistent, and wholly unworthy of belief so much so
         that the verdict shocks the conscience.

      2. The indictment charging Appellant was defective in that it did not
         adequately advise Appellant of the crimes with which he was
         charged.

      3. Appellant was denied of his right to confront his accusers because
         the Commonwealth did not call as a witness the police officer who
         was informed by the DEA agent of the activities of Appellant and his
         co-defendants’ [sic].

      4. The sentence was unreasonable in light of all of the circumstances
         presented.

Anders brief at 16, 19, 22, 26.

      The standard in reviewing a weight of the evidence claim is well settled:

             Appellate review of a weight claim is a review of the exercise
      of discretion, not of the underlying question of whether the verdict is
      against the weight of the evidence. Because the trial judge has had
      the opportunity to hear and see the evidence presented, an appellate
      court will give the gravest consideration to the findings and reasons
      advanced by the trial judge when reviewing a trial court’s
      determination that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence.
      One of the least assailable reasons for granting or denying a new trial
      is the lower court’s conviction that the verdict was or was not against
      the weight of the evidence and that a new trial should be granted in
      the interest of justice.

Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1055 (Pa. 2013) (emphasis and

citations omitted).

      The trial court denied relief to Appellant on his weight claim. Although

we do not have the benefit of an opinion providing the court’s reasoning, the

record reveals the following. Much of the evidence at trial consisted of the

                                    - 10 -
J-S14004-20

testimony of Complainant and law enforcement officers who witnessed the

criminal activity.   In addition, there was video footage corroborating the

testimony of those witnesses, and which the jury found inculpated Appellant.

We agree with counsel that, “given the overwhelming and credible evidence

presented by the Commonwealth[,] it is clear that present counsel’s

conclusion that raising a weight claim would be wholly frivolous is supported

by the record.” Anders brief at 18.

      Appellant’s claim that the indictment was defective fares no better. The

charging document was a bill of information, not an indictment. Appellant did

not object below to any lack of specificity or irregularities in the information.

Hence, the issue is waived.      See Commonwealth v. Strunk, 953 A.2d

577,580 (Pa.Super. 2008) (“One must object to errors, improprieties or

irregularities at the earliest possible stage of the criminal. . . adjudicatory

process, to afford the jurist hearing the case the first occasion to remedy the

wrong and possibly avoid an unnecessary appeal to complain of the matter.”);

see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the trial court cannot be

raised for the first time on appeal.”).   “Having been waived, pursuing this

matter on direct appeal is frivolous.” Commonwealth v. Kalichak, 943 A.2d

285, 291 (Pa.Super. 2008).

      Appellant’s claim that he was denied a fair trial because he was not

afforded the opportunity to confront Narcotics Officer Torres, the officer whom

Agent Louis Schmidt contacted after he observed defendants, is wholly lacking

                                     - 11 -
J-S14004-20

in merit. Agent Schmidt testified that he received information from Officer

Torres while he was in the process of searching for defendant after losing sight

of him when he sped away in the Toyota. N.T., 5/23/18, 13-17. He did not

testify as to what Officer Torres told him. The Commonwealth chose not to

call Officer Torres, as was its prerogative. Thus, Appellant was not deprived

of the right to confront a witness who testified against him. See Crawford

v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 51-52 (2004); Commonwealth v. Yohe, 79

A.3d 520, 531 & n.10 (Pa. 2013). More importantly, Appellant did not raise

this issue at trial, and thus, it is waived. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a). We agree

with counsel that the issue is wholly frivolous. See Kalichak, supra at 291.

      Finally, Appellant complains that his sentence is unreasonable, which

presents a challenge to discretionary aspects of sentence. An appellant is not

entitled to the review of challenges to the discretionary aspects of a sentence

as of right. Rather, an appellant challenging the discretionary aspects of his

sentence must invoke this Court’s jurisdiction.” Commonwealth v. Samuel,

102 A.3d 1001, 1006-07 (Pa.Super. 2014). Counsel maintains that Appellant

failed to invoke this Court’s jurisdiction to hear his discretionary sentencing

claim.

      In determining whether an appellant has invoked our jurisdiction, we

consider four factors:

         whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal; (2) whether
         the issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion to
         reconsider and modify sentence; (3) whether appellant's brief has a
         fatal defect; and (4) whether there is a substantial question that the

                                       - 12 -
J-S14004-20

       sentence appealed from is not appropriate under the Sentencing
       Code.

Id.

      Appellant filed both a timely post-sentence motion and a notice of

appeal. In his motion, Appellant alleged that his sentence was unreasonable.

He also raised this issue in his concise statement of errors complained of on

appeal. In addition, the Anders brief contains the required Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f)

statement. Therefore, Appellant properly preserved this issue and we now

proceed     to   determine   whether    Appellant   has   raised   a   substantial

question.    Id.

      Appellant’s claim is that his sentence was unreasonable in light of all the

circumstances presented.      Counsel maintains that a substantial question

cannot be raised on appeal because the failure to consider a factor does not

raise a substantial question and because Appellant’s post-sentence motion

failed to specify what circumstances warranted a shorter sentence. Anders

brief at 24-25. Counsel relies upon Commonwealth v. Hornaman, 920 A.2d

1282, 1284 (Pa.Super. 2007), in which this Court held that general assertions

that a sentence is “unreasonable” or “excessive” do not establish a substantial

question.    In short, counsel submits that he is unable to present a non-

frivolous discretionary sentencing claim because Appellant’s post-sentence

motion failed to state why or what underlying circumstances rendered the

sentence unreasonable. Id. at 26.

                                       - 13 -
J-S14004-20

     Counsel represents further that, even if Appellant had raised a

substantial question, in his view the court did not commit an abuse of

discretion in imposing sentence as it reviewed the pre-sentence investigation

report, the mental health evaluation, and considered Appellant’s mother’s

testimony and Appellant’s allocution prior to imposing sentence. Counsel does

note, however, that although the sentencing court characterized the sentence

as a standard range sentence, the sentence exceeded the standard range.

However, counsel stated he could not challenge the imposition of such a

sentence on the basis that the trial court failed to provide sufficient reasons

for exceeding the recommended guideline sentence as that issue was not

presented to the trial court at sentencing or in a post-sentence motion.

Anders brief at 28 n.8 (citing Malovich, supra at 1251 (“To preserve an

attack on the discretionary aspects of [a] sentence, an appellant must raise

his issues at sentencing or in a post-sentence motion.”).       Hence, counsel

maintains that it would be fruitless to pursue that issue on appeal.

     We agree with counsel’s analysis. See Commonwealth v. Titus, 816

A.2d 251, 255-56 (Pa.Super. 2003) (concluding defendant did not present a

substantial question for review where claim was “a bald allegation of

excessiveness and [did] not raise any challenge in the claim itself or in the

brief as to a violation of the Sentencing Code or a particular fundamental norm

underlying the sentencing process”). Furthermore, Appellant did not preserve

below any claim that the trial court did not state its reasons on the record for

                                     - 14 -
J-S14004-20

imposing a sentence above the standard range. Moreover, we have reviewed

the transcript of the sentencing proceeding. The trial court sufficiently stated

on the record in Appellant’s presence his reasons for the sentence imposed.

See Commonwealth v. Antidormi, 84 A.3d 736, 760 (Pa.Super. 2014) (the

requirement that the sentencing court file a statement of reasons for

sentencing outside the guidelines is satisfied when the judge states his

reasons for the sentence on the record in the presence of the defendant).

Accordingly, we agree with counsel that this discretionary sentencing claim

presented in the Anders brief is wholly frivolous.

     We turn now to the issues raised in Appellant’s pro se responses.

Appellant claimed that appellate counsel failed to investigate and discover

additional meritorious arguments to pursue on direct appeal. In addition, he

complained that counsel did not adequately develop and support the issues

raised in the Anders brief. These claims sound in ineffective assistance of

counsel,   which   are   generally   deferred   to   collateral   review   under

Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d 726 (Pa. 2002).

     Appellant adopts the issues identified by counsel in the Anders brief, but

does not advance any additional argument as to why they warrant relief.

Hence, we find Appellant’s pro se claims unavailing as well. We therefore

grant counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm the August 24, 2018 judgment

of sentence.

                                     - 15 -
J-S14004-20

     Petition to withdraw of John Belli, Esquire, granted.   Judgment of

sentence affirmed.

     Judge King joins the memorandum.

     P.J.E. Ford Elliott concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/26/2020

                                     - 16 -