Court Opinion

ID: 4023407
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-08-10 21:11:00.411719+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:37:01.380466
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT JACKSON
                           Assigned on Briefs March 1, 2016

                TORIAN DILLARD v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                 Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County
                     No. 03-02933       Glenn Wright, Judge

               No. W2015-00579-CCA-R3-PC - Filed August 10, 2016

The petitioner, Torian Dillard, was convicted in 2006 of aggravated kidnapping and
sentenced to twenty years. His conviction was affirmed on direct appeal. State v. Torian
Dillard, No. W2007-00911-CCA-R3-CD, 2008 WL 3342952, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App.
Aug. 11, 2008), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Feb. 2, 2009). He then filed a timely petition
for post-conviction relief, alleging that trial counsel had been ineffective in that counsel
failed to properly investigate the facts of the case or to provide a sufficient reason to
dismiss a prospective juror and that the trial court erred in allowing the victim to sit
facing the jury, with her back to the petitioner. After an evidentiary hearing, the post-
conviction court denied relief; and, following our review, we affirm that order.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

THOMAS T. WOODALL, P.J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT L.
HOLLOWAY, JR., and ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., JJ., joined.

Sean H. Muizers (on appeal); Larry Copeland and Cornelius Bostick (at hearing),
Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellant, Torian Dillard.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Nicholas W. Spangler, Assistant
Attorney General; Amy P. Weirich, District Attorney General; and Carla L. Taylor,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                        OPINION

        The petitioner has twice been convicted of crimes of violence against his former
girlfriend, Carla Taylor. First, he was convicted of her aggravated kidnapping, occurring
on November 4, 2002, and resulting in a twenty-year sentence as a Range II, violent
offender. Id. Subsequently, he shot her on February 10, 2003, resulting in convictions
for attempted first degree murder, reckless endangerment with a deadly weapon, and
being a convicted felon in possession of a handgun and was sentenced to an effective
sentence of fifty-two years. State v. Torian Dillard, No. W2005-00152-CCA-R3-CD,
2006 WL 1044087, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. Apr. 19, 2006), perm. app. denied (Tenn.
Sept. 5, 2006). This appeal reviews the denial of his post-conviction petition for the 2002
offense.

      The opinion of this court affirming the petitioner’s aggravated kidnapping
conviction set out the evidence presented by the State:

                                      State’s Proof

             Memphis Police Officer Timothy Barnes testified that on November
      4, 2002, he responded to an armed party call at a gas station on South
      Parkway. When he arrived at the gas station, he saw the defendant sitting
      in the passenger’s side seat of a green Grand Am automobile. He drew his
      weapon and instructed the defendant to raise his hands and step out of the
      car. He patted down the defendant and detained him in the back of his car
      while he interviewed the victim. Officer Barnes spoke with the victim,
      Carla Taylor, who appeared upset and told him the defendant had a gun,
      had threatened her, and would not allow her or the other passenger,
      Kimberly White, to leave the car. He also spoke to White, who told him
      that the defendant had a gun and had threatened her. Officer Barnes
      searched the car and found a loaded nine-millimeter handgun underneath
      the passenger’s seat. The defendant was placed under arrest.

             Memphis Police Officer Michael Rosario testified that on November
      7, 2002, he responded to a kidnapping call at the Goodwill Village
      Apartments. He spoke with the victim’s sister, Shaneka Taylor, who
      appeared “[v]ery distraught” and “nervous” and told him that the victim had
      been kidnapped by her boyfriend, the defendant. Taylor said that the
      defendant had been walking back and forth to the front and rear of her
      apartment with his hand under his shirt, as if he were carrying a weapon.
      Officer Rosario also spoke with Kimberly White, who provided a similar
      account of the events. On cross-examination, he testified that White and
      Shaneka Taylor did not tell him they saw the defendant carrying a weapon.

             Kimberly White testified that she had been friends with the victim
      for approximately ten years. She met the victim on November 4, 2002, to
      go shopping. On the way to the store, the defendant called the victim and
      asked her to pick him up. She agreed and drove to his apartment. After the
                                            2
defendant got into the car, he asked White if she was a “whore” and began
arguing with the victim. This made White uncomfortable, and she asked to
be let out of the car at a gas station. At the gas station, the victim got out to
pay for the gas while White remained in the car with the defendant and
used her cell phone to call for a ride home. The victim returned to the car,
pumped the gas, and then went back inside the store. The defendant
followed her and then quickly returned to the car. Several minutes later the
police arrived, and the defendant asked White if she had called the police.
White replied in the negative, exited the car, and walked into the store,
where the victim told her she had called the police because she had seen the
defendant with a gun. White said that, when the defendant was placed in
the patrol car, he called the victim and asked her why she had called the
police on him. The victim handed the phone to White, and the defendant
told her that he had just been released from jail and asked her to “take the
charge for the gun” so he would not go back to jail. Over the next several
days, the defendant repeatedly called the victim, asking her to call his
family and help get him out of jail. He also called White’s house asking if
the victim was there.

       On November 7, 2002, White accompanied the victim as she drove
to Wal-Mart. The victim received a call from the defendant, who told her
by which objects she was passing and on which streets she was driving.
When they arrived at Wal-Mart, the victim refused to exit the car because
she believed the defendant was following her. They drove back to the
Goodwill Village Apartments, where White and Shaneka Taylor lived.
Although the victim was staying with her sister, she parked her car in
another part of the complex, closer to White’s building, to try to hide her
car. White went alone to her apartment and received a phone call from her
neighbor, asking her to inform the victim that the defendant was outside.
White did so, then looked out her window and saw the defendant in the
victim’s car, pulling items from the glove compartment and looking in the
backseat and trunk. The victim went to her car and confronted the
defendant. White heard the defendant tell the victim to get the keys to her
car from White. The defendant and the victim came to White’s apartment
and knocked on the door, but White refused to open it. The defendant and
the victim returned to the parking lot, got into a car, and left. White called
the victim’s cell phone and asked if she wanted her to call the police. The
victim responded in the affirmative. White asked the victim where she was
going, and she responded that she did not know. The victim told White that
the defendant and his mother were in the car with her. White heard the
victim ask the defendant’s mother to let her out of the car, but the defendant
                                       3
instructed his mother to keep driving. The phone disconnected, and White
called the police.

       On cross-examination, White testified that the victim got into the
front seat of the two-door car, then moved her seat forward to allow the
defendant to enter the backseat. She acknowledged that she gave a
statement to the police that the defendant pushed the victim into the
backseat and that she previously had been convicted of theft.

       Memphis Police Lieutenant Donald Crowe testified that he was the
felony response officer assigned to investigate the victim’s kidnapping. He
took a statement from Kimberly White, then sent patrol officers to the
defendant’s mother’s house to attempt to locate the defendant and the
victim. The officers did not locate either but found the victim’s cell phone
and purse in the defendant’s mother’s car. Lieutenant Crowe and his team
of three detectives drove to the defendant’s father’s residence in the New
Salem Manor Apartments, arriving around 3:00 a.m. They knocked on the
front door but received no response. Lieutenant Crowe moved to the rear
of the building, looked through a window, and saw the defendant and the
victim lying in bed. He knocked on the back window, and the two woke up
and walked from the bedroom into the hallway without answering. He
called the defendant’s cell phone but received no response.

       Lieutenant Crowe became concerned because the defendant was
aware that the police were present but refused to speak with them. After
two hours of knocking on the doors, he declared a hostage situation, called
in a tactical unit and hostage negotiators, and evacuated neighboring
apartments. At approximately 6:40 a.m., the door to the defendant’s
father’s apartment opened and the victim stumbled out. Thereafter, the
hostage negotiators convinced the defendant to leave the apartment.
Lieutenant Crowe testified that after the victim left the apartment she was
“very withdrawn” and “[v]ery quiet.” He opined that she minimized the
events of that night and the actions of the defendant in the statement she
subsequently gave him. He said these behaviors were common in victims
of domestic violence.

       On cross-examination, Lieutenant Crowe testified that he never saw
the defendant or the victim between the time they awoke and left the
bedroom and the time the victim left the apartment. He acknowledged that
the victim told the police that she went back to sleep after being awakened
by them. He testified, however, that he did not believe this statement
                                     4
because the officers were constantly making noise and attempting to
communicate with her and the defendant.

        The victim testified that she ended her relationship with the
defendant shortly before this offense. She stated that on November 4,
2002, she was driving with Kimberly White when the defendant called and
asked her for a ride to his mother’s house. She picked him up, and he got
into the front passenger seat, turned to White, and asked if she was a
“whore.” The defendant began arguing with the victim and told her to
make White leave the car. She pulled into a gas station, went inside the
store, and asked the cashier to call the police because she was afraid of the
defendant. The defendant came into the store and told her, “It’s fixing to
end.” The police then arrived and arrested the defendant.

       After the defendant went to jail, the victim stayed with her sister,
Shaneka. She received numerous phone calls from the defendant over the
next several days. The defendant asked why she wanted to leave him and
told her that he was following her and could see her. The victim testified
that these phone calls made her “uncomfortable” and “scared.” On
November 7, 2002, she returned to her apartment complex with Kimberly
White and attempted to hide her car in the parking lot. The victim later
received a call from White that the defendant had opened the trunk of her
car. She went outside, and the defendant approached her and tried to make
her leave with him. He kept his hands in his pockets while speaking to her,
causing her to believe he had a gun. The two went to White’s apartment
and the defendant knocked on the door, asking for the keys to the victim’s
car. When White refused to answer the door, the defendant continued to
attempt to convince the victim to leave with him and began “nudging” her
toward a car driven by his mother. She got into the front seat, and the
defendant got into the back seat.

        While the defendant’s mother, Brenda Love, was driving, the victim
received a call from Kimberly White. She responded affirmatively when
White asked if she should call the police. The victim asked to be let out of
the car and, as the defendant’s mother prepared to pull over to let her out,
the defendant began “messing with” the keys and the gear shift. The
defendant asked Love to tell the victim about his having shot through his
ex-girlfriend’s bedroom window and then said, “I’m fixing to kill this
bitch.”

                                     5
        Love stopped the car at the defendant’s father’s house. The
defendant exited the car and instructed the victim to follow him. She
initially refused because she feared that he was carrying a gun. However,
he allowed her to search him for weapons, and when she found that he was
not carrying one, she accompanied him into the apartment. She stated that
she left her cell phone and purse in Love’s car because she was scared and
“[d]idn’t want him going through it.” When they entered the apartment,
they talked and later went to sleep. The victim and the defendant were
awakened by the police knocking at the window. They got out of bed and
went into the hallway, where the victim told the defendant she intended to
leave. He instructed her not to open the door because the police would
come inside and kill him. She remained in the apartment until the next
morning, when she told the defendant she needed to leave to pick up her
children. She went to the door and the defendant pushed her outside and
closed the door behind her.

        On cross-examination, the victim acknowledged that she told the
police she intended to talk with the defendant that day and thought that she,
the defendant, and Love were going to Love’s house to talk. She stated that
when she got into Love’s car, she told her she wanted to go. She testified
that when they entered the defendant’s father’s apartment, the defendant
went to the back of the apartment and left her up front. However, she
denied that he took a bath while she was up front and said that he was only
in the back for “probably a minute.” She said she “probably could have
tried” to leave while the defendant was in the back but was hesitant to do so
because she was uncertain what the defendant would do.

       The victim acknowledged that she had consensual sex with the
defendant more than once while at his father’s apartment. She stated that
during and after they had sex, she wanted to be at the apartment with the
defendant because they “had made up.” She testified that she left the
apartment of her own free will and that the defendant’s father did not
prevent her from leaving. She further acknowledged that she visited the
defendant “[a] couple” of times after he was arrested for this offense and
refused to show up for a preliminary hearing in this case because she did
not want the prosecution to go forward. She denied that she and the
defendant moved in together after this offense but acknowledged that they
had spent three or four nights together.

                                     6
                               Defense Proof

        Brenda Love, the defendant’s mother, testified that she was
interviewed by Detective Carson while the defendant and victim were
missing. She said that on November 7, 2002, she picked up the defendant
around 6:30 p.m. and drove him to her house. She then went to visit her
mother, and when she returned home, she found the defendant standing in
the street. She picked him up, and he asked her to drive him to north
Memphis. En route, the defendant called the victim. Love and the
defendant arrived at an apartment complex, and the defendant instructed her
to pull to the side and wait for him. Love saw the defendant standing in the
doorway of the apartment complex and speaking to some young women,
including Shaneka Taylor. Eventually, the defendant and the women parted
ways, and one of the women told Love, “[Y]ou need to take your son back
home before he goes back to jail.” Love drove across the parking lot and
saw the defendant and the victim talking. The victim then went to an
upstairs apartment, came back downstairs, and walked to Love’s car. Love
asked the victim if she would like to sit in her car, and she did so. They
talked and the defendant subsequently joined them and sat in the backseat.
Love asked the victim if she was going with them, and she replied yes.

        Love then drove to the defendant’s father’s apartment. She testified
that the victim never used her cell phone during the drive. When they
arrived, the defendant and the victim got out of the car, and the victim
patted down the defendant. Love testified that they were laughing and
playing around. After a short time, the defendant motioned to Love that
she could leave, and she drove home. Later, the police arrived at her home
and asked if the defendant and victim were present. Love told them that
she had taken them to the defendant’s father’s apartment. She attempted to
call the defendant, his father, and the victim but could not reach them. She
told the police that the victim had left her cell phone and purse in her car
and offered to take the police to the defendant’s father’s apartment.
Instead, the police brought her to the police station and questioned her.

       On cross-examination, Love testified that on the day of the offense,
she would not let the defendant use her car and told her father that she was
concerned about what the defendant might do. She denied that, during the
drive to the defendant’s father’s apartment, the victim asked to be let of the
car or that the defendant “messed with” the gear shift. She testified that
while she was at the police station waiting to be interviewed, Detective
Carson received a phone call informing her that the defendant and the
                                      7
       victim had been found and were not responding to the police. She denied,
       however, that upon hearing this news she fell to the floor and said, “[O]h,
       my God. He’s killed her and he’s killed himself.”

                                 State’s Rebuttal Proof

               Former Memphis Police Officer Monica Carson testified that she
       interviewed Brenda Love on the morning of November 8, 2002. She asked
       Love where the defendant and the victim were, and Love replied that she
       did not know. At one point, Love was sitting on a bench when Carson
       received a phone call informing her that the defendant and victim had been
       located but would not respond to knocks at the door and window. Carson
       testified that Love overheard this and “stood up and started being dramatic
       and, oh, Jesus, oh my God, oh my God, fell out on the floor. What did he
       do. What did he do.” Carson stated that Love said, “[H]e must have killed
       them. He’s dead. He’s dead. Oh my God.” Carson testified that Love
       subsequently changed her story and told her that she knew the defendant
       had the victim with him and that she thought the victim was afraid.

Torian Dillard, 2008 WL 3342952, at *1-5 (footnote omitted).

       At the evidentiary hearing on the petition for post-conviction relief, the petitioner
and trial counsel both testified. The petitioner said that trial counsel met with him
regarding discovery materials “[m]aybe four” times, and counsel never conveyed a guilty
plea offer from the State. The only potential witnesses counsel interviewed were the
petitioner’s mother and father, and counsel did not discuss with him any others. If his
father had been called to testify at the trial, he would have said that he “told the victim
not to leave the house because he had a warrant on him, not me.” According to the
petitioner, the State did not present proof that he had told the victim not to leave the
house. Although the petitioner’s father was present at the trial, counsel did not call him
as a witness.

       The petitioner said that trial counsel had failed to object to the jury’s learning of
his previous arrest for unlawful possession of a weapon. During the trial, testimony
regarding this arrest was presented by Officer Timothy Barnes, Kimberly White, and the
victim. The petitioner testified that the charges regarding this weapon had been
dismissed before the trial which was the basis for his claim for post-conviction relief.

       Additionally, the petitioner said that trial counsel had been ineffective in his
responding to the testimony of the victim. According to the petitioner, trial counsel had
failed to “notice, challenge, and/or object to the victim[’s] . . . back being turned to
                                             8
petitioner” in violation to his right to confrontation. According to the petitioner, the
victim was allowed to sit “adjacent to the jury box,” with her back turned to him. He said
that the prosecutor walked between the petitioner and the victim so that the petitioner
could not see her and she could not see him as she was testifying. The petitioner further
said that this seating arrangement violated his right to due process and to a fair trial, but
trial counsel did not make either of these arguments at the trial or in the motion for new
trial.

       Trial counsel testified that, at the time of the petitioner’s trial, he had been
practicing law for five years and that in the years since the trial, he had become capital
case qualified. He said that the petitioner’s parents had been indicted with him and did
not testify at the trial because their attorneys had advised against it. When the charges
against the petitioner were first tried, the result was a hung jury, but he was convicted
following the second trial. As for the seating arrangement of the victim during her
testimony, counsel said he objected to it. However, before the victim was moved from
the witness stand, she was “about to break down in tears and said I can’t do this.”
Counsel said that he argued that reseating the victim violated the petitioner’s right to
confrontation and that he repeated this claim in the motion for new trial.

                                       ANALYSIS

       Without identifying or presenting the testimony of witnesses he feels might have
aided his defense, the petitioner argues that trial counsel interviewed no potential
witnesses other than the petitioner’s parents, resulting in “deficient preparation” for the
trial. Additionally, he argues that trial counsel erred by not objecting to Rule 404(b)
evidence regarding a prior confrontation the petitioner had with the victim, as well as to
the victim’s testifying “with her back turned towards him,” and not requesting curative
instructions for this seating arrangement or ensuring a clear appellate record regarding it.
Further, trial counsel was defective, in the petitioner’s view, by not providing a
successful challenge regarding a white prospective juror. As to these claims, the State
responds either that they were previously determined on direct appeal or that the
petitioner failed to prove that trial counsel was ineffective or he was prejudiced thereby.
We will review the claims.

                            I. Deficient Pretrial Preparation

       The petitioner argues that trial counsel was ineffective for not properly
investigating the case or interviewing potential witnesses other than the petitioner’s
parents. As to this claim, the post-conviction court found that the petitioner had failed to
show that he was prejudiced by the fact that trial counsel had not interviewed the State’s
witnesses prior to the trial:
                                             9
               This Court finds that the law and ethical rules required a reasonable
       investigation which was not conducted. However, this was the second trial
       involving this case as the first one ended in a deadlocked jury. This meant
       that trial counsel had the benefit of the prior testimony to prepare for trial.
       Therefore, the petitioner has failed to prove with a reasonable probability
       that a proper investigation in this case would have resulted in a different
       outcome.

       The petitioner neither presented at the evidentiary hearing other witnesses who
would have aided his defense nor established how trial counsel’s pretrial interviewing of
the State’s witnesses would have altered the outcome of the trial. In order to succeed on
a claim that counsel did not properly investigate or call favorable witnesses, a petitioner
must generally elicit favorable testimony from those witnesses at the evidentiary hearing,
as a post-conviction court may not speculate “on the question of . . . what a witness’s
testimony might have been if introduced” at trial. Black v. State, 794 S.W.2d 752, 757
(Tenn. Crim. App. 1990). Further, since the first trial of this matter ended in a hung jury,
defense counsel already was aware of the State’s proof. Accordingly, we agree with the
post-conviction court that this claim is without merit.

                   II. Tennessee Rule of Evidence 404(b) Evidence

        The petitioner argues that trial counsel was ineffective by not objecting to certain
testimony of trial witnesses Officer Timothy Barnes, Kimberly White, and the victim or
filing a Rule 404(b) motion to exclude it.

        In the direct appeal of the petitioner’s kidnapping of the victim, the evidence
showed that he had been with her and Kimberly White, her companion, three days earlier
at a gas station, threatened them with a pistol, and refused to allow them to leave his
vehicle. He then ordered the victim out of the car, and she went inside the office to
telephone the police because she was afraid. The petitioner came in and told her, “It’s
fixing to end.” Officers arrested him at that location after finding a loaded nine-
millimeter handgun under the seat of the car. The petitioner’s claim, in his post-
conviction petition, was that Tennessee Rules of Evidence 401 and 404(b) do not allow
the introduction of such evidence. As to this claim, the post-conviction court concluded
that a “reasonably prudent attorney would have requested a 404(b) hearing,” but that the
petitioner had failed to show that such a hearing would have resulted in the exclusion of
the evidence. Additionally, the State argues, in this regard, that in State v. Gilliland, 22
S.W.3d 266, 272, 277 (Tenn. 2000), our supreme court concluded that “contextual
background evidence” may be admitted to avoid a “chronological or conceptual void in

                                             10
the presentation of the case.” In the direct appeal of this matter, we explained the
strength of the State’s case against the petitioner:

              Viewed in the light most favorable to the State, the proof at trial
       shows that the victim called the police from a gas station three days before
       the offense because the defendant had a gun and she was afraid of him.
       When the defendant was released from jail, he began following the victim
       and calling her repeatedly, which made the victim feel “uncomfortable” and
       “scared.” On November 7, 2002, the victim rode in Love’s car with the
       defendant, who at one point told Love, “I’m fixing to kill this bitch” and
       bragged about firing a gun into the home of an ex-girlfriend. The victim
       asked to be let out of the car but was not. When the victim and the
       defendant arrived at the defendant’s father’s apartment, the victim left her
       cell phone and purse in Love’s car because she was scared. At the
       apartment, the victim told the defendant she intended to leave, but the
       defendant instructed her not to open the door.

Torian Dillard, 2008 WL 3342952, at *12.

       In the direct appeal of the petitioner’s conviction, we noted that the petitioner had
been convicted of aggravated kidnapping by the “knowing, unlawful confinement of the
victim so as to interfere substantially with her liberty, with the intent to terrorize her.” Id.

       We agree with the post-conviction court that, while trial counsel should have filed
a Rule 404(b) motion to try and exclude this evidence, the petitioner failed to show that
such a motion would have been successful. In fact, given the State had to show that the
petitioner acted with the “intent to terrorize” the victim, it seems unlikely that this
evidence would have been excluded. Accordingly, we conclude that the petitioner failed
to establish that he was prejudiced by the fact that trial counsel did not file a Rule 404(b)
motion to attempt to exclude this evidence.

                       III. Victim’s Seating Arrangement at Trial

        The petitioner argues that it was improper for the trial court to permit the victim to
testify while sitting in a chair, on the floor, in front of the jury. He argues that the trial
court abused its discretion because this seating arrangement prevented the petitioner from
seeing the victim’s facial expressions and demeanor during her testimony. In his view,
the positioning of the victim left the jury with the impression that he was a danger from
whom the victim needed protection. Further, he asserts that the seating arrangement
denied him his rights to confrontation of witnesses, due process of law, and a fair trial. In
the petitioner’s view, trial counsel was ineffective because he did not argue both that the
                                              11
seating of the victim violated the petitioner’s rights to confront the witness and his right
to a fair trial.

       During the trial, the court explained the reasons for allowing the witness to sit in
front of the jury:

       And we’re doing it because we’re trying to get the voice amplified despite
       my repeated requests to get the voice amplified we couldn’t do it and also
       apparently the witness seems more comfortable and we’re trying to make
       her comfortable some way and at least we can get some testimony. You’re
       welcome to add anything else.

       On direct appeal, this court concluded that the placement of the witness was within
the discretionary authority of the trial court:

               The defendant has cited no authority for the claim that it was an
       abuse of discretion to allow the victim to testify outside of the witness
       stand. The record reflects that the trial court and counsel for the State
       repeatedly asked the victim to speak more loudly during her testimony. At
       the defendant’s motion for new trial hearing, the trial court stated that it
       made the decision to move the victim because the court was “very, very
       frustrated” that her voice was so soft and wanted to make sure the jury
       could hear her testimony. As we have set out, trial courts are afforded
       broad discretion in controlling the conduct of a trial. The record does not
       support the defendant’s claim that the trial court abused its discretion in the
       seating of the witness.

Id. at *8.

       As to a plain error review of the seating arrangement of the victim and the
petitioner, this court concluded that it could not do so because the record on appeal was
insufficient to clearly establish what had occurred in the trial court:

       Although the record reflects that the victim testified in a chair on the floor,
       facing the jury, the record does not disclose where the defendant was seated
       in relation to the victim. Therefore, we cannot determine whether, as the
       defendant claims, he could not see the victim’s eyes while she testified.
       Moreover, the record does not reflect that the defendant requested to be
       repositioned so he could see the victim’s face. Because the defendant has
       not clearly established that he was not “face to face” with the victim, our
       analysis need go no further.
                                             12
Id. at *9.

        Accordingly, the complaints regarding the trial seating of the victim, made in the
petition for post-conviction relief, were determined adversely to the petitioner in the
direct appeal of this conviction. He may not relitigate them.

        Additionally, both on direct appeal and in this post-conviction proceeding, the
petitioner argued that the seating arrangement of the victim violated his right to
confrontation. In the direct appeal, this court declined to consider this claim as plain
error, a constitutional claim as to the seating not having been made at trial, because the
petitioner had not clearly established that he was not “face to face with the victim.” Id.
In this current proceeding, he argues trial counsel was ineffective because he failed to
clearly establish the seating arrangement of the petitioner with respect to that of the
victim. The problem with this argument is that the seating arrangement still is not clearly
established, meaning that the petitioner cannot show that it prejudiced him. Thus, we
conclude that this argument is without merit.

                                    IV. Jury Selection

        The petitioner argues that trial counsel was ineffective because he did not pass on
to the trial court the petitioner’s reason for wanting to strike a prospective juror, who was
white. However, our review of the trial transcript does not support this claim of his post-
conviction petition.

       This matter first arose during the petitioner’s trial, when the State noted that “five
of the six jurors that [defense counsel] submitted in his peremptory challenges in the first
round were white.” Questioned about the same juror, number six, whose remaining on
the jury is the basis for this issue in the post-conviction petition, defense counsel
explained:

              Your Honor, in response to juror number six, which is . . ., basically
       Your Honor, my main – my only reason is that my client simply – he just
       didn’t want this particular person sitting on the jury. It wasn’t anything – it
       was just from the moment [the juror] took the jury box, he just told me right
       away, I do not want this person on my jury.”

       Following lengthy arguments regarding the jurors the petitioner was trying to
excuse from the jury, the court explained, “Well, I’ve already decided I’m not going to
allow the excusing of [juror six]. I’m going to let him stay on the jury. I don’t think that
we’ve been given any race neutral reason with regard to [juror six].”
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       In the amended motion for new trial regarding prospective juror six, the petitioner
argued that the trial court had erred in allowing the juror to remain on the jury after the
petitioner had sought to strike him, based in part because “Defendant Torian Dillard did
not like [juror six’s] demeanor and body language.” During his testimony at the
evidentiary hearing on his post-conviction petition, the petitioner said that juror six had
been looking at him and “frowning”; so the petitioner told trial counsel of this
observation and that he wanted juror six to be excused from the jury.

        Trial counsel was not asked during the hearing if the petitioner had given this
reason for wanting to excuse the juror or whether, as trial counsel told the court at the
trial that the petitioner simply “didn’t want this particular person sitting on the jury.”
Regarding this matter, the post-conviction court concluded that the petitioner had failed
to show that, even if the trial court had been advised that the prospective juror had been
“frowning” at the petitioner, the petitioner “has failed to prove that a different outcome
would have occurred.” In other words, even if trial counsel rendered deficient
performance, the petitioner failed to prove he was thereby prejudiced. We agree that the
petitioner failed to meet his burden. Accordingly, this assignment is without merit.

       Since we have determined the petitioner failed to show that he was prejudiced by
any of the alleged trial errors of counsel, we conclude, as well, that, considering them
collectively, he still has failed to establish prejudice.

                                    CONCLUSION

       Based upon the foregoing authorities and reasoning, we affirm the order of the
post-conviction court denying relief to the petitioner.

                                   ____________________________________________
                                   THOMAS T. WOODALL, PRESIDING JUDGE

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