Court Opinion

ID: 1054019
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 20:46:12.404751+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:52:16.348826
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT KNOXVILLE
                                     July 14, 2005 Session

JAY GUINN CHRISTENBERRY v. DORIS ANNETTE CHRISTENBERRY

                       Appeal from the Circuit Court for Blount County
                           No. E-19439     W. Dale Young, Judge

                 No. E2004-02193-COA-R3-CV - FILED AUGUST 19, 2005

This is an appeal of a divorce action in which the Wife argues that the trial court failed to make an
equitable distribution of the marital estate and the trial court erred in dismissing her independent
lawsuit against Husband, and a corporation owned by Husband, for wages claimed to be earned by
Wife and owing by the corporation. We hold that the distribution of marital property should be
modified so as to award Wife sole ownership of the marital home, subject to Husband’s right of first
refusal to purchase the home in the event it is sold, and Husband’s right to visit and maintain the
gravesite of the parties’ daughter, located near the home on part of the marital estate, upon
Husband’s providing reasonable notice to Wife. We further find that the trial court erred in
dismissing Wife’s lawsuit against Husband and therefore vacate the trial court’s order dismissing
with prejudice the Wife’s lawsuit against Husband and the corporation. We affirm the trial court’s
ruling in all other respects.

     Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed as
                 Modified in Part and Vacated in Part ; Case Remanded

SHARON G. LEE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which CHARLES D. SUSANO , JR. and D.
MICHAEL SWINEY , JJ., joined.

R. Deno Cole, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the Appellant, Doris Annette Christenberry.

John D. Lockridge, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the Appellee, Jay Guinn Christenberry.

                                            OPINION

                                                 I

       On December 11, 2002, Jay Guinn Christenberry (“Husband”) filed this action for divorce
against the Appellant, Doris Annette Christenberry (Wife”). Wife filed an answer and a
counterclaim. The parties agreed and stipulated that there were grounds for a divorce and that each
party was entitled to a divorce upon stipulated grounds. By order entered January 14, 2004, the trial
court ordered each party to be divorced from the other, and a hearing was set to determine the
division and distribution of marital property.

       The parties presented testimony and evidence over the course of a three-day hearing ending
on May 11, 2004. The trial court determined that all of the parties’ property was marital property,
and neither party disputes this ruling. After the hearing, the trial court ruled as follows in part
pertinent to this appeal:

                 IT IS ORDERED that the [Wife] is awarded fee simple in the home
                 of the parties situated on 1.90 acres at Chris Haven farm subject to a
                 life estate interest reserved to the [Husband] in the event the [Wife]
                 predeceases the [Husband]. The contents of the home shall be
                 awarded to the [Wife].1
                                  *               *              *
                 IT IS ORDERED that the [Husband] is awarded the [Wife’s] stock
                 ownership in H.A.G., Inc., which property is described as being
                 situated in the 13th District of Blount County, Tennessee, consisting
                 of a golf course, a rental farm house and property referred to as an
                 inn.

                 The [Husband] shall assume the indebtedness thereon and hold the
                 [Wife] harmless.

                 The ORDER finds that any future claims, pending claims or lawsuits
                 or disputed interests that the Defendant may assert or claim are herein
                 declared null and void and the pending lawsuit styled Doris
                 Christenberry v. H.A.G., Inc., and Jay Christenberry is hereby
                 dismissed with prejudice and defendant taxed with the costs.

        Wife appeals, raising the issue of whether the trial court erred in failing to award her an
equitable share of the marital estate. In her brief, Wife breaks this issue into the following sub-
issues, which we quote:

                 1. Did the Court err in awarding the marital home to Wife, subject to
                 a life estate interest?

                 2. Did the Court err in failing to award Wife the Farm, which is part
                 of the marital home?

        1
        The court’s original order mistakenly stated “The contents of the home shall be awarded to the Plaintiff
[Husband],” but the court corrected it to award the home’s contents to W ife in a subsequent order.

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               3. Alternatively, did the Court err in awarding 1.9 acres of land in
               conjunction with the marital home, in lieu of 3.5 acres, as set forth in
               a map Plot?

               4. In awarding the golf course, i.e. 100% stock in H.A.G., Inc., to
               Husband, did the Court err in awarding the golf course, rental house,
               and Country Inn as a part of the golf course?

               5. Did the Court err in awarding Wife $20,000.00 for her share of the
               rental house situated at 1263 Tittsworth Road, Seymour, Tennessee,
               in lieu of ordering the house to be awarded to Wife, or alternatively,
               in lieu of ordering the sale of said house and equally dividing the
               proceeds therefrom?

               6. Did the Court err in equally dividing speculative proceeds from a
               draft copy of Wife’s writings, and did the Court err in awarding Wife
               the physical copy of said writings?

               7. Did the trial court err in dismissing Wife’s independent cause of
               action against H.A.G., Inc., and Husband, and in enjoining Wife from
               all future such actions?

                                                  II

        In this non-jury case, our review is de novo upon the record of the proceedings below; but
the record comes to us with a presumption of correctness as to the trial court's factual determinations
that we must honor unless the evidence preponderates against those findings. Tenn. R. App. P.
13(d); Wright v. City of Knoxville, 898 S.W.2d 177, 181 (Tenn. 1995); Union Carbide Corp. v.
Huddleston, 854 S.W.2d 87, 91 (Tenn. 1993). The trial court's conclusions of law, however, are
accorded no such presumption. Campbell v. Florida Steel Corp., 919 S.W.2d 26, 35 (Tenn. 1996);
Presley v. Bennett, 860 S.W.2d 857, 859 (Tenn. 1993).

                                                 III

        The controlling statute in this case, Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-4-121, provides that the court
shall consider “all relevant factors” including the following factors in making an equitable
distribution of marital property:

         (1) The duration of the marriage;
         (2) The age, physical and mental health, vocational skills, employability, earning
         capacity, estate, financial liabilities and financial needs of each of the parties;

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         (3) The tangible or intangible contribution by one (1) party to the education,
         training or increased earning power of the other party;
         (4) The relative ability of each party for future acquisitions of capital assets and
         income;
         (5) The contribution of each party to the acquisition, preservation, appreciation,
         depreciation or dissipation of the marital or separate property, including the
         contribution of a party to the marriage as homemaker, wage earner or parent, with
         the contribution of a party as homemaker or wage earner to be given the same
         weight if each party has fulfilled its role;
         (6) The value of the separate property of each party;
         (7) The estate of each party at the time of the marriage;
         (8) The economic circumstances of each party at the time the division of property
         is to become effective.
         (9) The tax consequences to each party, costs associated with the reasonably
         foreseeable sale of the asset, and other reasonably foreseeable expenses associated
         with the asset;
         (10) The amount of social security benefits available to each spouse; and
         (11) Such other factors as are necessary to consider the equities between the
         parties.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-4-121(c).

       A trial court is allowed wide latitude in determining an equitable division of marital property
and we will defer to the trial court's determination unless it is inconsistent with the factors set forth
above or there is a preponderance of evidence to the contrary. Barnhill v. Barnhill, 826 S.W.2d 443,
449-50 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1991). As noted by this court in King v. King, when dividing marital
property:

                The trial court's goal in every divorce case is to divide the parties'
                marital estate in a just and equitable manner. The division of the
                estate is not rendered inequitable simply because it is not
                mathematically equal, Cohen v. Cohen, 937 S.W.2d 823, 832
                (Tenn.1996); Ellis v. Ellis, 748 S.W.2d 424, 427 (Tenn.1988), or
                because each party did not receive a share of every item of marital
                property. Brown v. Brown, 913 S.W.2d [163] at 168.... In the final
                analysis, the justness of a particular division of the marital property
                and allocation of marital debt depends on its final results. See
                Thompson v. Thompson, 797 S.W.2d 599, 604 (Tenn.App.1990).

King v. King, 986 S.W.2d 216, 219 (Tenn.Ct.App.1998) (quoting Roseberry v. Roseberry, No.
03A01-9706-CH-00237, 1998 Tenn.App. LEXIS 100, at *11-12 (Tenn.Ct.App. Feb. 9, 1998), no

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appl. perm. appeal filed); Morton v. Morton, No. E2003-02784-COA-R3-CV, 2005 WL 1950125
at *12 (Tenn. Ct. App. E.S. filed Aug. 15, 2005).

        Pursuant to the request of the trial court, both parties filed a proposal for division of the
marital property. In its memorandum opinion, the trial court stated as follows:

               The Court has carefully reviewed the testimony of the parties and
               their witnesses, more than sixty odd exhibits in the case, the
               memoranda, closing arguments, and proposals submitted by the
               parties.
               The Court has given special consideration to the mandates of
               Tennessee Code Annotated § 36-4-121 and has concluded that the
               [Husband’s] proposal for division of property (together with the
               attached flow chart) constitutes a fair, just and equitable distribution
               of the marital assets and liabilities of the parties. Said [Husband’s]
               proposal is approved and adopted by the Court.

         The trial court did not make specific findings of fact regarding the value of individual assets
of the marital estate, other than adopting the values contained in Husband’s proposal. According to
the Husband’s filed proposal for division of property, the net equity value of the property awarded
to Wife totaled $1,207,500. The net equity value of the property awarded to Husband totaled
$635,611. Husband’s brief states that the “total net estate awarded to the Wife” was $1,575,000, and
the “total net estate awarded to the Husband” was $2,151,400. There is no readily apparent reason
in the record for this discrepancy. At oral argument before this court, counsel for both parties were
in general agreement that considering the debt associated with the various assets of the estate, Wife
received approximately $975,000 in net marital assets and Husband received approximately
$879,900 in net marital assets.

        We review the trial court’s division of marital assets keeping in mind the principle that “[t]he
division of the estate is not rendered inequitable simply because it is not mathematically equal.” King
v. King, 986 S.W.2d 216, 219 (Tenn. Ct. App.1998).

         This divorce ended a marriage of some thirty-six years. Three children were born to the
marriage, none of whom was a minor at any time pertinent to this case. At the time of the divorce,
Husband was 58 years old, and Wife was 59 years old. Both parties were in reasonably good health.
Husband has a law license and practiced law in Tennessee from 1971 until 1997 or 1998, when he
began maintaining and managing the golf course owned by H.A.G., Inc. Wife worked at the golf
course as a bookkeeper and in other capacities for a number of years during the marriage. Wife
testified that she is able-bodied and willing to find employment.

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        As noted above, the trial court awarded Wife the marital residence subject to a life estate in
favor of the Husband in the event Wife predeceases Husband. Husband never requested a life estate
interest at the trial level; in fact, his proposal for division of property requests that Wife be awarded
the residence. The trial court did not elaborate on its reason for awarding the life estate. At oral
argument, Husband’s attorney speculated that the trial court’s action may have been because
Husband wanted to retain access to the gravesite of his daughter, who is buried on the premises of
the marital residence. The parties’ daughter, Denise Yvette Christenberry, was tragically killed in
an automobile accident in 1993.2

        We find that the evidence presented at trial preponderates against the award of the life estate
to Husband because it does not yield an equitable division of property. The marital residence
appears to be the most valuable asset awarded to Wife. Its value is diminished significantly by the
imposition of a life estate interest in Husband’s favor, which renders the home non-transferable
without Husband’s consent. Removing the Husband’s life estate from the marital residence results
in Wife having sole ownership of the property and this creates an equitable distribution of the marital
assets.

        However, we also wish to recognize and accommodate Husband’s interest in continuing to
have access to visit and maintain his daughter’s gravesite. For this reason, we find it appropriate to
grant Father this right, subject to the requirement that he provide Wife twenty-four hours’ notice
prior to visitation of the gravesite. This right shall expire and be held for naught upon Wife’s sale
or transfer of the property to a third party. Further, Husband shall have an absolute right of first
refusal to purchase the marital residence in the event title to the property is transferred.

        On June 2, 2004, Wife, acting pro se, filed a lawsuit styled Doris Annette Christenberry v.
H.A.G. Inc. and Jay G. Christenberry in the Circuit Court for Blount County. Her complaint alleged
that the defendants “refused to pay wages to [her] during the year 1999. The wages were earned as
[Wife] had worked for the corporation H.A.G. Inc. since 1987.” On June 25, 2004, the trial court
entered its order ruling that “any future claims, pending claims or lawsuits or disputed interests that
the [Wife] may assert or claim are herein declared null and void,” and dismissing the action filed by
Wife on June 2, 2004.

        A copy of the June 2, 2004 complaint was filed as an exhibit in the trial before the court. The
technical record before us contains no pleadings or other documents pertaining to Wife’s subsequent
lawsuit. There is no order of consolidation of the subsequent lawsuit with the divorce action
contained in the record. As far as this record shows, there was no entry of appearance filed on behalf
of either Mr. Christenberry or the corporation H.A.G., Inc.

        2
          See Christenberry v. Nelson, No. 03A01-9701-CV-00039, 1997 W L 650889, 1997 Tenn. App. LEXIS 701
(Tenn. Ct. App. E.S., filed Oct. 16, 1997) appl. perm. appeal denied May 11, 1998.

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         We are of the opinion that it was error for the trial court to dismiss Wife’s independent
lawsuit under the circumstances of this case. The language attempting to “declare null and void”
any future claims or lawsuits by Wife against Husband is clearly overbroad and beyond the authority
of the trial court. While it is not improper for a trial court to dismiss a second lawsuit attempting to
relitigate issues already tried and decided in a divorce action on grounds of res judicata or collateral
estoppel, see Kemp v. Kemp, 723 S.W.2d 138 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1987), the record does not reflect that
these doctrines are applicable in the present case.

         During the course of the marriage, Wife researched and wrote a manuscript which she
testified she would like to turn into a book and publish. Although Wife’s sub-issue raised in her
brief states, “did the Court err in awarding Wife the physical copy of said writings,” at oral argument
she asserted that Husband still was in possession of the manuscript. The parties at oral argument
stipulated that Husband would turn over to Wife the hard copy of the manuscript, and upon remand,
the trial court should enter an order reflecting the same.

        Regarding the remainder of Wife’s sub-issues as quoted above, we have carefully reviewed
the record and hold that the evidence does not preponderate against the trial court’s judgment on
those issues. It is clear that the resolution of these asset valuation and distribution issues hinged
predominantly on determination of credibility of the various witnesses. Our appellate courts “accord
deference to the trial court's determinations regarding credibility.” Jones v. Garrett, 92 S.W.3d 835,
838 (Tenn. 2002); see Wells v. Tennessee Bd. of Regents, 9 S.W.3d 779, 783 (Tenn. 1999) (stating
that "appellate courts will not re-evaluate a trial judge's assessment of witness credibility absent clear
and convincing evidence to the contrary."). As we have noted, taking into consideration the marital
estate as a whole and each of the marital assets in dispute, we believe that granting Wife sole
ownership of the residence, not subject to a life estate interest, yields a distribution between the
parties that is equitable.

        For the aforementioned reasons, the judgment of the trial court is modified so as to award
Wife sole ownership in the marital home, subject to Husband’s right of first refusal to purchase the
home in the event it is sold, and Husband’s right, during Wife’s ownership of the property, to visit
and maintain the gravesite of the parties’ daughter upon providing twenty-four hours’ notice to Wife.
On remand, the trial court is instructed to conduct a hearing, if necessary, to determine the exact
terms of Husband’s first right of refusal and to enter an appropriate order reflecting those terms; but
such terms shall not be drafted in such a way as to hinder Wife’s ability to sell the property for a
given amount in a 100% cash sale. We vacate the paragraph of the trial court’s order dismissing
with prejudice Wife’s independent lawsuit against Husband and the corporation. The trial court’s
judgment is in all other respects affirmed. Costs on appeal are assessed one-half to the Wife, Doris
Annette Christenberry, and one-half to the Husband, Jay Guinn Christenberry.

                                             _____________________________________
                                            SHARON G. LEE, JUDGE

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