Court Opinion

ID: 8209588
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-27 17:12:05.609075+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:41:42.371189
License: Public Domain

J-A11029-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
                                                OF PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellee

                  v.

MAIKEL POULICZEK

                       Appellant                 No. 652 EDA 2021

          Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 30, 2021
          In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
            Criminal Division at No: CP-51-CR-0009772-2009

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
                                                OF PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellee

                  v.

MAIKEL POULICZEK

                       Appellant                 No. 653 EDA 2021

          Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 30, 2021
          In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
            Criminal Division at No: CP-51-CR-0009774-2009

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
                                                OF PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellee

                  v.

MAIKEL POULICZEK

                       Appellant                 No. 655 EDA 2021
J-A11029-22

            Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 30, 2021
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No: CP-51-CR-0006021-2011

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
                                                    OF PENNSYLVANIA
                          Appellee

                     v.

MAIKEL POULICZEK

                          Appellant                  No. 660 EDA 2021

            Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 30, 2021
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No: CP-51-CR-0013166-2010

BEFORE: BOWES, J., STABILE, J., and McLAUGHLIN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                      FILED SEPTEMBER 27, 2022

      Appellant, Maikel Pouliczek, appeals pro se from the March 30, 2021

orders denying his petitions for relief under the Post Conviction Relief Act

(“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-45. We affirm.

      These consolidated cases arise from a series of offenses, beginning with

Appellant’s assault of his former wife, Barbara Zangerl.         Next, while

incarcerated for an unrelated matter, Appellant asked a fellow inmate, Luis

Gonzalez, to arrange Zangerl’s murder. Finally, Appellant sought to arrange

Gonzalez’ murder after he learned that Gonzalez divulged to authorities

Appellant’s solicitation of Zangerl’s murder.

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       The parties proceeded to a jury trial on all charges. Prior to trial, the

trial court granted the Commonwealth’s consolidation motion without

opposition from Appellant. Also, the trial court denied Appellant’s motion for

discharge pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 600.          Finally, the trial court rejected

Appellant’s guilty plea. Just before jury was set to begin, Appellant expressed

his wish to plead guilty and requested time to consult with the Austrian

Embassy about the prospect of immediate deportation.              The trial court

rejected Appellant’s plea and his request for time to consult with Austrian

authorities, noting that Zangerl, at that time a resident of Australia, had

traveled a great distance to be present to testify at trial.1

       On January 23, 2014, at docket numbers 9772 of 2009 and 9774 of

2009, arising out Appellant’s alleged assaults of Zangerl in their home and in

their car, the jury found Appellant guilty of two counts each of terroristic

threats and simple assault of Zangerl, but not guilty of recklessly endangering

another person and intimidation of a witness.2 At docket number 13166 of

2010, the jury found Appellant guilty of the solicitation of Zangerl’s murder,

retaliation against a witness, and obstruction of the administration of law, but

____________________________________________

1    This Court set forth the procedural history in greater detail in
Commonwealth v. Pouliczek, 2015 WL 9594364 (Pa. Super. December 24,
2015) (unpublished memorandum). We omitted details not pertinent to the
issues presently before us.

2   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2701, 2705, 2706, and 4952.

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not guilty of terroristic threats and intimidation of a witness.3     At docket

number 6021 of 2011, the jury found Appellant guilty of solicitation of

Gonzalez’ murder, two counts of intimidation of a witness, and one count of

retaliation against a witness.4

       On March 21, 2014, the trial court imposed an aggregate thirty-seven

to eighty-one years of incarceration. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal.

On December 24, 2015, this Court vacated the judgment of sentence finding

sua sponte that consecutive five and one half to fifteen-year sentences for two

counts of intimidation of a witness (Gonzalez)—one each under § 4952(a)(2)

and § 4952(a)(3)—violated Double Jeopardy.5 This Court found no error in

the trial court’s denial of Appellant’s Rule 600 motion, no error in the trial

court’s rejection of Appellant’s guilty plea, and affirmed all other convictions.

Appellant did not seek allowance of appeal in the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.

       On May 9, 2016, the trial court resentenced Appellant, eliminating the

unlawful duplicative sentence for witness intimidation.     Appellant filed this

timely first PCRA petition on November 30, 2016, alleging a host of trial court

errors and several claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. Counsel was

____________________________________________

3   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 902, 2502, 2706, 4952, 4953, and 5101.

4 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 902, 2502, 2706, 4952, 4953, and 5101.
5  Double Jeopardy protects a defendant from, among other things, two
convictions for the same offense.        U.S. CONST. amends. V, XIV;
Commonwealth v. Jackson, 10 A.3d 341, 344-45 (Pa. Super. 2010).

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appointed, then removed after the PCRA court granted Appellant’s motion to

proceed pro se, then appointed again at Appellant’s request.

       The PCRA court granted partial relief.     In particular, the trial court

accepted Appellant’s argument that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to

object to a jury instruction regarding retaliation against a witness. The trial

court charged the jury that it could find Appellant guilty if Appellant harmed

or attempted to harm the victim. The statute6 does not criminalize attempted

harm, the Commonwealth did not charge Appellant with attempted retaliation

against a witness, and the Commonwealth conceded before the PCRA court

that there was no evidence that Appellant actually harmed Gonzalez. The

PCRA court therefore found that Appellant’s conviction for the completed

offense of retaliation against witness Gonzalez7 should be vacated. The PCRA

court denied all other requested relief without conducting a hearing and

resentenced Appellant to an aggregate 29½ to 63 years of incarceration.

       This timely appeal followed. Appellant raises eleven assertions of error:

       1. Whether the PCRA court erred as a matter of law in limiting
          relief to re-sentencing where Appellant proved by a
          preponderance of the evidence that he was prejudiced by
____________________________________________

6   Section 4953 (Retaliation against witness, victim, or party) of the
Pennsylvania Crimes Code provides: “A person commits an offense if he
harms another by any unlawful act or engages in a course of conduct or
repeatedly commits acts which threaten another in retaliation for anything
lawfully done in the capacity of witness, victim or a party in a civil matter.”

7 Appellant was convicted of two counts of retaliation of a witness—one each
for Gonzalez and Zangerl. The conviction for the offense against Zangerl
remains standing.

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           ineffective assistance of counsel at trial as a result of counsel’s
           failure to object to misleading, erroneous instructions to the
           jury?

        2. Whether Appellant proved by a preponderance of the evidence
           that the erroneous instructions to the jury so infected the trial
           with unfairness that the verdict cannot be relied upon as having
           produced a just result and, as such, he is entitled to a new
           trial?

        3. Whether the PCRA court erred in dismissing Appellant’s claim
           of violation of his right to a speedy trial?

        4. Whether the PCRA court erred in failing to correct Appellant’s
           illegal sentence where Appellant was sentenced for two counts
           of intimidation of a witness though only convicted of one count?

        5. Whether the PCRA court erred in denying Appellant relief
           whereby Appellant proved by a preponderance of the evidence
           that he was prejudiced by Judge Gwendolyn Bright hearing
           Appellant’s admission of guilt prior to trial?

        6. Whether the PCRA court erred in denying Appellant relief
           whereby Appellant provide by a preponderance of the evidence
           that consolidation of all the offenses was legally insufficient as
           no consolidation request was made by either party nor was
           consolidation ordered by the court prior to trial?

        7. Whether the PCRA court erred in denying Appellant relief
           whereby Appellant proved by a preponderance of the evidence
           that the Commonwealth committed a Brady[8] violation by
           withholding impeachment evidence?

        8. Whether the PCRA court erred in denying Appellant relief
           whereby Appellant proved by a preponderance of the evidence
           that he was entitled to renunciation defense instructions at trial
           and he was prejudiced by the absence of such instructions?

        9. Whether the PCRA court erred in denying Appellant relief
           whereby Appellant proved by a preponderance of the evidence
           that he was entitled to crimen falsi instructions at trial and he
           was prejudiced by the absence of such instructions?

____________________________________________

8   Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).

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      10. Whether the PCRA court erred in denying Appellant relief
         whereby Appellant proved by a preponderance of the evidence
         that counsel was ineffective for failing to apprise Appellant of
         the deportation consequences of a guilty plea?

      11. Whether the PCRA court erred in denying Appellant relief
         whereby Appellant proved by a preponderance of the evidence
         that evidence obtained pursuant to an illegal search and
         seizure was admitted into his trial?

Appellant’s Pro Se Brief at 3-4.

      We begin with our standard of review:

             In reviewing the propriety of a PCRA court’s order dismissing
      a PCRA petition, we are limited to determining whether the PCRA
      court’s findings are supported by the record and whether the order
      in question is free of legal error. The PCRA court’s findings will
      not be disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the
      certified record. Moreover, there is no absolute right to an
      evidentiary hearing on a PCRA petition, and if the PCRA court can
      determine from the record that no genuine issues of material fact
      exist, then a hearing is not necessary. Pa.R.Crim.P. 907(2). A
      reviewing court must examine the issues raised in the PCRA
      petition in light of the record in order to determine whether the
      PCRA court erred in concluding that there were no genuine issues
      of material fact and in denying relief without an evidentiary
      hearing.

Commonwealth v. Springer, 961 A.2d 1262, 1264 (Pa. Super. 2008)

(citations and internal quotation marks omitted).

      With his first two assertions of error, Appellant claims that the PCRA

court granted insufficient relief for his counsel’s failure to object to the trial

court’s jury charge on retaliation against a witness. As explained above, the

PCRA court vacated the conviction for retaliating against Gonzalez. Appellant

argues the PCRA court should have granted a new trial because the erroneous

instruction tainted all of his convictions. In substance, Appellant argues that

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he would have been better off not having been charged with retaliation against

a witness: “The elements of retaliation against a witness suggest to a jury

that a criminal defendant not only committed an offense but also sought to

cover up his misdeeds by committing another criminal act.” Appellant’s Pro

Se Brief at 9. Whatever the merit of this contention, it is not relevant to the

issue before us. Appellant’s argument fails to address the distinction between

an attempted offense and a completed one, and he fails to explain why, in this

case, the trial court’s erroneous inclusion of attempt in its instruction on

retaliation against a witness tainted the entire trial.

      We observe that, while the record contains no evidence that Appellant

actually harmed Gonzalez (as the Commonwealth conceded), there is

substantial evidence to support a finding that he harmed Zangerl. Appellant

does not contend otherwise.         Further, § 4953(a) criminalizes repeated

commission of threatening acts, and the record reflects that Zangerl and her

daughter were moved to Washington D.C. and placed under police protection

for a period of time after Appellant’s plot on Zangerl’s life was discovered.

Thus, nothing in the trial court’s faulty jury instruction undermines Appellant’s

conviction under § 4953 for retaliation against Zangerl. Appellant’s first two

assertions of error lack merit.

      In his third assertion of error, Appellant claims that the PCRA court erred

in rejecting his argument under Rule 600 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal

Procedure. That Rule governs the timeframe within which the Commonwealth

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must bring a defendant to trial in accordance with the constitutional right to a

speedy trial. As noted above, Appellant litigated this issue prior to trial and

on direct appeal. He failed to obtain relief. Pouliczek, 2015 WL 9544364, at

*3-4. Issues that have been previously litigated are not eligible for collateral

relief. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(3); 9544(a). An issue is previously litigated

where “the highest appellate court in which the petitioner could have had

review as a matter of right has ruled on the merits of the issue[.]”          42

Pa.C.S.A. § 9544(a)(2). Because this Court ruled on the merits of this issue

on direct appeal and Appellant did not seek allowance of appeal in our

Supreme Court, § 9544(a)(2) applies. Appellant’s third assertion of error is

not eligible for collateral relief.

       Next, Appellant argues that part of his sentence is illegal because he

received two sentences for witness intimidation but was only convicted of one

count. This claim ignores the relief Appellant received on direct appeal. As

explained above, this Court vacated the sentences under § 4952(a)(2) and

§ 4952(a)(3),9 concluding on the facts of this case that separate sentences

____________________________________________

9 Section 4952 (Intimidation of witnesses or victims) provides, in relevant
part:

             (a) Offense defined.--A person commits an offense if,
       with the intent to or with the knowledge that his conduct will
       obstruct, impede, impair, prevent or interfere with the
       administration of criminal justice, he intimidates or attempts to
       intimidate any witness or victim to: […]

(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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under those two sections violated double jeopardy.        Pouliczek, 2015 WL

9544364, at *14. On remand, the trial court imposed only one sentence for

witness intimidation. Appellant already has received the relief to which he is

entitled on this issue.

       In his fifth assertion of error, Appellant claims the trial court erred in

rejecting his guilty plea. As noted above, Appellant litigated this issue without

success before the trial court and on direct appeal.      Pouliczek, 2015 WL

9544364, at *12-13.         He cannot raise it again on collateral review.    42

Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9543(a)(3) and 9544(a)(2).

       In his sixth assertion of error, Appellant claims the trial court erred in

consolidating the above-captioned matters for trial.      As noted above, the

Commonwealth moved for consolidation prior to trial, and the trial court

granted the motion without opposition from Appellant. This issue is waived,

and therefore not eligible for collateral relief. 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9543(a)(3) and

9544(b). “[A]n issue is waived if the petitioner could have raised it but failed

to do so before trial, at trial, during unitary review, on appeal or in a prior

____________________________________________

              (2) Give any false or misleading information or testimony
       relating to the commission of any crime to any law enforcement
       officer, prosecuting official or judge.

              (3) Withhold any testimony, information, document or thing
       relating to the commission of a crime from any law enforcement
       officer, prosecuting official or judge.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4952(a)(2), (3).

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state postconviction proceeding.”        42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9544(b); see also

Commonwealth v. Roney, 79 A.3d 595, 617-18 (Pa. 2013) (holding claims

not raised before the trial court or on direct appeal are waived under the

PCRA).

      In his seventh assertion of error, Appellant claims the Commonwealth

committed a Brady violation by failing to disclose emails from Zangerl

regarding her ability to travel to the United States and appear at trial. Once

again, this is an issue Appellant failed to raise during trial or on direct appeal.

He therefore cannot raise it in this collateral proceeding.         42 Pa.C.S.A.

§§ 9543(a)(3) and 9544(b); Roney, 79 A.3d at 617-18.             In any event, a

Brady violation occurs where, among other things, the Commonwealth fails

to disclose evidence in its possession that is helpful to the defendant.

Commonwealth v. Paddy, 800 A.2d 294, 305 (Pa. 2002). Appellant fails to

explain how Zangerl’s communications with the Commonwealth regarding her

ability to appear during trial were in anyway exculpatory.

      In is eighth assertion of error, Appellant claims the trial court erred by

failing to give a renunciation instruction in connection with his solicitation of

the murder of Gonzalez.       That charge arose from a note in Appellant’s

handwriting soliciting the murder of Gonzalez, but Appellant claims his fellow

inmates found the note after Appellant had discarded it and renounced the

desire to have Gonzalez murdered. Renunciation is a defense to a charge of

solicitation:

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              (a) Definition of solicitation.--A person is guilty of
      solicitation to commit a crime if with the intent of promoting or
      facilitating its commission he commands, encourages or requests
      another person to engage in specific conduct which would
      constitute such crime or an attempt to commit such crime or which
      would establish his complicity in its commission or attempted
      commission.

              (b) Renunciation.--It is a defense that the actor, after
      soliciting another person to commit a crime, persuaded him not to
      do so or otherwise prevented the commission of the crime, under
      circumstances manifesting a complete and voluntary renunciation
      of his criminal intent.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 902. Appellant did not raise this issue on direct appeal and it

is therefore ineligible for collateral relief.   42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9543(a)(3) and

9544(b); Roney, 79 A.3d at 617-18. Further, Appellant’s single-paragraph

argument on this point fails to allege the existence of any evidence that would

have supported a renunciation defense. Appellant’s Pro Se Brief at 16-17.

      Appellant’s final three assertions of error sound in ineffective assistance

of counsel. Counsel is presumed to have been effective; a PCRA petitioner

bears the burden of pleading and proving otherwise.         Commonwealth v.

Coleman, 230 A.3d 1042, 1045 n.4 (Pa. 2020).            To prevail on a claim of

ineffective assistance of counsel, a petitioner must plead and prove by a

preponderance of the evidence that (1) the underlying claim is of arguable

merit; (2) counsel had no reasonable strategic basis in support of the disputed

action or inaction; and (3) but for counsel’s error the result of the underlying

proceeding would have been different. Id. A petitioner’s failure to establish

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any one of these three prongs is fatal to the claim.      Commonwealth v.

Natividad, 938 A.2d 310, 321 (Pa. 2007).

      In his ninth assertion of error, Appellant claims trial counsel was

ineffective in failing to request a crimen falsi instruction. Pursuant to Rule

609(a) of the Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence, a witness’ prior crime involving

dishonesty or a false statement is admissible at trial for impeachment

purposes. Pa.R.E. 609(a); Commonwealth v. Washington, 269 A.3d 1255,

1264-65 (Pa. Super. 2022), appeal denied, 2022 WL 3441488 (Pa. August

17, 2022).

      Appellant claims counsel should have requested a crimen falsi

instruction with regard to Antonio Peterson, Appellant’s fellow inmate in whose

cell prison guards discovered Appellant’s handwritten note soliciting the death

of Gonzalez. The record reveals that Appellant’s trial counsel requested

and received a crimen falsi instruction with regard to Peterson’s prior

conviction for theft. N.T. Trial, 1/15/14, at 34. No further consideration of

this issue is warranted.

      In his tenth assertion of error, Appellant claims trial counsel was

ineffective for failing to apprise Appellant of the possible deportation

consequences of a guilty plea.     There is no arguable merit to this claim

because, as explained above, Appellant did not plead guilty.       Rather, he

considered pleading guilty but requested time to consult with the Austrian

Embassy to determine whether immediate deportation was possible.

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Appellant was obviously aware of the potential for deportation, and perhaps

considered it desirable. Regardless, the trial court refused to delay trial while

Appellant sought clarification from the Austrian authorities. On direct appeal,

this Court offered the following assessment of Appellant’s tactics:

             The [trial] court repeatedly emphasized the case was ready
      for trial. The Commonwealth informed the court that Zangerl had
      flown in from abroad for trial. Appellant steadfastly refused to
      enter a plea before learning whether he could obtain immediate
      deportation. The obvious gamesmanship engaged in by
      Appellant cannot be condoned.

Pouliczek, 2015 WL 9544364, at *13 (emphasis added). Appellant’s tenth

assertion of error does not merit relief.

      In his eleventh and final assertion of error, Appellant claims trial counsel

was ineffective for failing to challenge an unlawful search and seizure of

evidence from Appellant’s jail cell. Appellant claims his cell was searched on

January 4, 2011 but the warrant for his cell was not signed by a judge until

January 6, 2011. The record does not bear this out. To the contrary, the

officer who executed the warrant testified that he searched Appellant’s cell on

either January 6 or January 7, 2011. N.T. Trial, 1/14/14, at 101-03. The

documents seized from Appellant’s cell were placed on a property receipt

dated January 7, 2011. Id. at 104-05. Other than Appellant’s bald assertion,

there is no evidence in support of his claim that police searched his cell prior

to procuring a warrant. Appellant’s claim fails.

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      In summary, we have concluded that none of Appellant’s assertions of

error merits relief beyond that which he has already received. We therefore

affirm the order dismissing his petition.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 9/27/2022

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