Court Opinion

ID: 9945489
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-27 21:01:34.110006+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:25:30.601597
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        FEB 27 2024
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

AUDREY E. KRAMER,                               No. 22-16690

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 2:21-cv-01585-RFB-BNW

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.; KENT
F. LARSEN; SMITH, LARSEN & WIXOM,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Nevada
                 Richard F. Boulware II, District Judge, Presiding

                          Submitted February 21, 2024**

Before:      FERNANDEZ, NGUYEN, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.

      Audrey E. Kramer appeals pro se from the district court’s judgment

dismissing her action brought under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(d)(3)

alleging fraud claims related to foreclosure proceedings. We have jurisdiction

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). Kramer’s request for oral
argument, set forth in the opening brief, is denied.
under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo a district court’s dismissal on the

basis of claim preclusion. Stewart v. U.S. Bancorp, 297 F.3d 953, 956 (9th Cir.

2002). We affirm.

      The district court properly dismissed Kramer’s action as barred by claim

preclusion because Kramer raised identical claims in her prior federal action,

which involved the same parties or their privies, and resulted in a final judgment

on the merits. See id. (setting forth elements of federal claim preclusion); see also

Mpoyo v. Litton Electro-Optical Sys., 430 F.3d 985, 987 (9th Cir. 2005)

(explaining identical claims for purposes of claim preclusion); Tahoe-Sierra Pres.

Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Reg’l Plan. Agency, 322 F.3d 1064, 1081-82 (9th Cir. 2003)

(explaining privity for purposes of claim preclusion).

      The district court did not abuse its discretion by staying discovery pending

the outcome of the motions to dismiss because Kramer did not demonstrate how

her failure to obtain discovery resulted in actual and substantial prejudice. See

Hallett v. Morgan, 296 F.3d 732, 751 (9th Cir. 2002) (setting forth standard of

review and explaining that the district court’s “decision to deny discovery will not

be disturbed except upon the clearest showing that denial of discovery results in

actual and substantial prejudice” (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)).

      The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying leave to amend

because amendment would have been futile. See Cervantes v. Countrywide Home

                                          2                                    22-16690
Loans, Inc., 656 F.3d 1034, 1041 (9th Cir. 2011) (setting forth standard of review

and explaining that leave to amend may be denied when amendment would be

futile).

       The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Kramer’s motion

for reconsideration because Kramer failed to demonstrate any basis for relief. See

Sch. Dist. No. 1J, Multnomah County, Or. v. ACandS, Inc., 5 F.3d 1255, 1262-63

(9th Cir. 1993) (setting forth standard of review and factors for reconsideration);

see also United Nat’l Ins. Co. v. R&D Latex Corp., 242 F.3d 1102, 1109 (9th Cir.

2001) (explaining that a notice of appeal does not divest the district court of

jurisdiction at the time it is filed if there is a pending motion for reconsideration).

       We reject as without merit Kramer’s contention that the involvement of a

magistrate judge was improper. The magistrate judge did not enter dispositive

orders, and the district judge properly conducted a de novo review of the

magistrate judge’s report and recommendation and the parties’ objections, and

entered final judgment. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 636(b)(1)(B)-(C); Estate of Conners by

Meredith v. O’Connor, 6 F.3d 656, 658 (9th Cir. 1993) (discussing scope of

magistrate judge’s authority under § 636(b)(1)(B)).

       We do not consider matters not specifically and distinctly raised and argued

in the opening brief, or arguments and allegations raised for the first time on

appeal. See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009). We do not

                                            3                                     22-16690
consider documents and facts not presented to the district court. See United States

v. Elias, 921 F.2d 870, 874 (9th Cir. 1990).

      Kramer’s motion to file multiple supplemental reply briefs (Docket Entry

No. 56) is granted. The Clerk will file the reply briefs submitted at Docket Entry

Nos. 54 and 55. Kramer’s opposed motion for judicial notice (Docket Entry No.

12) is denied.

      AFFIRMED.

                                         4                                   22-16690