Court Opinion

ID: 9959078
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-10 16:17:41.445414+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:18:26.163868
License: Public Domain

Vermont Superior Court
                                                                                                        Filed 04/02/24
                                                                                                         Franklm Unit

VERMONT SUPERIOR COURT                                     $4                      CIVIL DIVISION
Franklin Unit                                                                  Case No. 23-CV-02697
17 Church Street
St. Albans VT 05478
802-524-7993
WWW.Vermontjudiciary.org

                       Bobbie-Jo Benoit v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company

                    DECISION ON MOTION FOR JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS
        Plaintiff Bobbie-Jo Benoit was injured in a motor vehicle operated by an underinsured motorist.
She brought this action against her mother’s insurer, Defendant Nationwide Insurance Company,

seeking underinsured motorist coverage. Nationwide has moved for judgment on the pleadings,
arguing that Ms. Benoit is not insured under the policy’s uninsured motorist coverage. The court grants
the motion.

        The pleadings establish that Nationwide issued an auto policy to Ms. Benoit’s mother, Donna

Champine. The declarations page names Ms. Champine as the “Policyholder (Named Insured).” It
names both Ms. Champine and Ms. Benoit as “Insured Drivers,” and it lists vehicles owned by each as

“Insured Vehicles.” The policy provides Property Damage Liability, Bodily Injury Liability, and
Medical Payments coverage with respect to each “Insured Vehicle.” It also provides “Policy Level”

coverages: Uninsured Motorists Bodily Injury and Property Damage Coverage, and Roadside
Assistance coverage.
        The policy also contains several deﬁnitions that are pertinent here. First, “the words ‘YOU’ and
‘YOUR’ mean or refer to the policyholder ﬁrst named in the attached Declarations, and include that
policyholder’s spouse if living in the same household.” Next, “the Words ‘THE INSURED’, ‘AN
INSURED’, and ‘ANY INSURED’ mean or refer to the persons and organizations speciﬁcally
indicated as entitled to protection under the coverage being described.” Finally, “the words ‘YOUR
AUTO’ mean the Vehicle or vehicles described in the Attached Declarations.”
        Turning to the coverage at issue here, the Uninsured Motorists part of the policy provides:
           Under this coverage, we will pay bodily injury damages that you or your legal
           representative are legally entitled to receive from the owner or driver of an
           uninsured motor vehicle. Damages must result from an accident arising out of the
           ownership, maintenance, or use of the uninsured vehicle.
           Bodily injury means bodily injury, sickness, disease, or death.
           Relatives living in your household also have this protection. Anyone else is
           protected while occupying:
                   1. your auto.
Decision on Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings                                        Page 1 of 4
23—CV—02697 Bobbie—Jo Benoit v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
                                                                                                                  Vermont Superior Court
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                                                                                                                           Franklm Unit

                      2. a motor vehicle you do not own, While it substitutes temporarily for
              your  auto.  Your auto must be out of use because of breakdown, repair, servicing,
              loss, or destruction.
                       3. a four-wheel motor vehicle newly acquired by you. The coverage
              applies only during the ﬁrst 30 days you own the vehicle, unless it replaces your
              auto.
                      4. any other motor vehicle While it is being operated by you or a relative
              living in your household. However, the vehicle must not be owned or furnished to
              you or a relative living in your household for regular use.

           On March 6, 2019, Ms. Benoit was a passenger in a vehicle driven by Barry Ipock. While not

speciﬁcally addressed in the pleadings, the parties agree that Ms. Benoit was not living in her mother’s
household at the time. Mr. Ipock’s vehicle was involved in an accident, resulting in injuries to Ms.
Benoit. Mr. Ipock was at fault in the accident; his insurer paid Ms. Benoit its liability policy limits.
Because those limits were less than those set forth in Ms. Champaine’s policy, Mr. Ipock’s vehicle was
an “uninsured motor vehicle.”1

           On these facts, the parties put the question before the court as one exclusively of contract
construction. Ms. Benoit does not make any argument that the Nationwide policy in any way falls short
of the requirements of § 941; thus, the court deems any such argument waived. The court therefore
accepts the parties’ invitation to interpret the policy, guided only by general principles of contract

interpretation.
           As Ms. Benoit correctly notes, the rules applicable to this exercise are set forth in Brillman v.
New England Guar. Ins. C0.:
              The proper construction of language in an insurance contract is a “matter of law”
              that this Court reviews without deference. Waters v. Concord Grp. Ins. C0., 169
              Vt. 534, 535, 725 A.2d 923, 925 (1999) (mem.). Provisions in an insurance policy
              must “be read together and viewed as an integrated whole.” Id. at 536, 725 A.2d
              at 926. We construe terms in an insurance policy “according to their plain,
              ordinary, and popular meaning.” Hardwick Recycling & Salvage, Inc., 2004 VT
              124, 1i 23, 177 Vt. 421, 869 A.2d 82. “Because a policy is prepared by the insurer
              with little effective input from the insured, we construe insurance policies in favor
              of the insured, in accordance with the insured’s reasonable expectations for
              coverage based on the policy language.” Id. “Words or phrases in an insurance
              policy are ambiguous if they are fairly susceptible to more than one reasonable
1
    The court notes that the policy deﬁnition of “uninsured motor vehicle” does not comport with the requirements of 23
V.S.A. § 941. That provision requires any automobile liability policy “delivered or issued for delivery in this State with
respect to any motor vehicle registered or principally garaged in this State” provide coverage “for the protection of persons
insured under the policy” for damages recoverable from “owners or operators of uninsured, underinsured, or hit-and-run
motor vehicles.” Neither party disputes the now well-established principle that this statutory requirement imports
underinsured motorist coverage that complies with the dictates of § 941(a), (c), & (f) into any policy that does not
speciﬁcally address such coverage. Rather, each party’s argument proceeds from the unstated assumption that Mr. Ipock’s
vehicle was an “uninsured motor vehicle,” so as to invoke coverage under the “Uninsured Motorists” part of the
Nationwide policy.
Decision on Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings                                                          Page 2 of 4
23—CV—02697 Bobbie—Jo Benoit v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
                                                                                                  Vermont Superior Court
                                                                                                          Filed 04/02/24
                                                                                                           Franklm Unit

           interpretation.” Whitney v. Vt. Mut. Ins. C0., 2015 VT 140, 1] 16, 201 Vt. 29, 135
           A.3d 272. Any ambiguity in the policy’s terms is resolved against the insurer. Id.
           However, the parties’ expectations cannot control over unambiguous language
           and we will not rewrite unambiguous terms in a policy “to grant one party a better
           bargain than the one it made.” Id. (quotation omitted).

2020 VT 16, 11 19, 211 Vt. 550. Application of these principles leads inexorably to the conclusion that
the Nationwide policy does not provide coverage for Ms. Benoit on the facts of this case.

        The policy very clearly states that it provides “uninsured motorists” coverage for “you.” This is
a deﬁned term: it means “the policyholder ﬁrst named in the attached Declarations.” That very clearly

is not Ms. Benoit; it is her mother. The policy then extends coverage to “relatives living in your
household.” Again, that very clearly does not include Ms. Benoit; she was not then living in her
mother’s household. Finally, it extends coverage to “anyone else while occupying: 1. your auto; 2. a
motor vehicle you do not own, while it substitutes temporarily for your auto . . . ; 3. a four-wheel

motor vehicle newly acquired by you . . . ; 4. any other motor vehicle while it is being operated by you

or a relative living in your household.” Once again, by no stretch of the most vivid imagination does

Mr. Ipock’s vehicle fall into any of these categories.
        Ms. Benoit’s response to this simple, straightforward reading of plain language is, to put it

bluntly, tortured. She observes that the “Coverage Exclusions” section of the uninsured motorists
coverage part of the policy repeatedly uses the term, “insured.” She then argues that this creates an
ambiguity, as she is listed as an “Insured Driver”:
           On the one hand, Bobbie-Jo Benoit is an insured under the Policy as she’s been
           named as an “Insured Driver” for which Donna Champaine had been paying a
           premium but according to Nationwide, the word “insured” has no forceful
           substance when coming to uninsured motorist coverage for Bobbie-Jo Benoit,
           despite the fact that she’s named as an “Insured Driver” under Nationwide’s
           policy.
Resp. to Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss, 5-6. In effect, she asks, “how is it that an “Insured Driver” cannot be
an “insured?”

        The answer to this question lies in reading the policy as a whole and construing its terms

according to their plain, ordinary, and common meanings. At the outset, the policy makes clear that the
term, “Insured Driver,” has no talismanic signiﬁcance; it appears only on the Declarations Page and
nowhere else in the policy. Thus, the assertion that she is an insured by Virtue of her listing as an

“Insured Driver” ﬁnds no support in the plain language of the policy. Instead, the policy provides that
an “insured” is a “person[] or organization[] speciﬁcally indicated as entitled to protection under the

coverage being described.” Turning then to the section under which Ms. Benoit seeks coverage, the

Decision on Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings                                          Page 3 of 4
23—CV—02697 Bobbie—Jo Benoit v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
                                                                                                            Vermont Superior Court
                                                                                                                    Filed 04/02/24
                                                                                                                     Franklm Unit

                                                                                          ‘6
policy identiﬁes three categories of insureds: “you or your legal representative,
                                                                                     39
                                                                                               relatives living in

your household,” and “anyone else . . . while occupying: 1. your auto; 2. a motor vehicle you do not
own, while it substitutes temporarily for your auto . . . ; 3. a four-wheel motor vehicle newly acquired

by you . . . ; 4. any other motor vehicle while it is being operated by you or a relative living in your
household.” None of these categories remotely suggests that status as an “Insured Driver” creates

coverage. Nor does the use of the term, “insured,” in the “Coverage Exclusions” portion of this
coverage create an ambiguity; instead, it merely refers the reader back to the deﬁnition of “insured,”
which again is entirely divorced from the term, “Insured Driver.” Particularly where Ms. Benoit was
not a driver at the time of the accident that underlies this case, her designation as an “Insured Driver”

creates no tension with any of this language.

            Read as a whole, the policy very clearly creates two categories of “insured” under the
Uninsured Motorists coverage part: those Who are insured because of their status, regardless of their

location, and those insured because of their location, regardless of their status. In the former category
        ’
“you’       the policyholder ﬁrst named in the Declarations and that policyholder’s resident spouse—and

relatives living in “your” household are insured. In the latter category, anyone occupying speciﬁc
vehicles is insured. Thus, a status insured—here, Ms. Champine or any relative living in her
household—would be covered wherever that person happened to be when injured due to the operation
of an uninsured motor vehicle. A location insured, however, would be covered only if occupying a
speciﬁc vehicle. By no reading of the policy would anyone’s designation as an “Insured Driver” bear
on that person’s inclusion in either of these categories.

            Here, the plain language of the policy makes clear that Ms. Benoit is not a “status” insured;
whether designated as an “Insured Driver” or not, she was neither the policyholder ﬁrst named in the

Declarations, that policyholder’s resident spouse, nor a relative living in the policyholder’s household.
(Equally, of course, she was not a driver, rendering any possible applicability of “Insured Driver”
status moot.) It is also clear that she is not a “location” insured; Mr. Ipock’s car falls into none of the

four listed categories. In short, she is unambiguously not entitled to coverage.
                                                        ORDER
            The court grants the motion. The clerk Will enter judgment for Defendant on all claims.

Electronically signed pursuant to V.R.E.F. 9(d): 3/25/2024 11:35 AM

  muel         ar
31$          Court Judge

Decision on Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings                                                    Page 4 of 4
23—CV—02697 Bobbie—Jo Benoit v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company