Court Opinion

ID: 8774540
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-26 12:56:31.930354+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:02:26.960015
License: Public Domain

PHILIPS, District Judge
(after stating the facts as above). Lying at the very threshold of this case is the question: Was not the jurisdiction of the state court' over the subject-matter of this controversy exclusive of the jurisdiction of this court? By the state statute (chap*513ter 53, art. 1, p. 1051, vol. 1, Rev. St. 1899 [Ann. St. 1906, pp. 2-1-09-2430]), jurisdiction ivas conferred upon the circuit court of Cooper county, Mo., where the land is situate, to partition it among the heirs. It is the settled rule, by the highest court of the state in construing the process statute, that the filing of the petition in the clerk’s office is the institution of suit. Moore v. Ruxlow, 83 Mo. App. 51; .Becker v. Stoeher, 107 Mo. 306, 66 S. W. 1083; Holloway v. Holloway, 103 Mo. 283, 15 S. W. 536; South Missouri Lumber Co. v, Wright, 114 Mo. 326. 21 S. W. 811; Gosline v. Thompson et al., 61 Mo. 471.
‘•A suit in equity is commenced liy filing a bill' of complaint." Farmers’ Loau & Trust Co. v. Fake Street Elevated It. It. Co., ITT V. S. 51, 20 Sup. Ot, 504, 44 L. Ed. 667.
Jurisdiction, therefore, in partition, over the land in question, had vested in the said Cooper county circuit court before Ben T. Castle-man conveyed his interest in the land to the complainant company, and, of course, prior to the institution by it of the suit in this jurisdiction. It is a well-settled rule of law that the jurisdiction of the state court over the res, i. e., the subject-matter of the partition of this land, was exclusive of that of every other court subsequently undertaking to exercise such jurisdiction; this for the obvious reason that as the judgment to be rendered by the court first in time to be effective must operate upon the land itself, the control and possession of which is essential to accomplish the very ends of the proceeding. Freeman on Co-Tenancy & Par. (2d Fd.) § -l 23; Vowinckel v. Clarke (C. C.) 162 Fed. 991; Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co. v. Lake Street Elevated R. R. Co., 177 U. S. 51, 20 Sup. Ct. 564, 14 L. Ed. 667.
It: is not essential to such exclusive jurisdiction that there should have been any actual seizure or specific lien fixed upon the land. Farmers’ Loan & T. Co. v. Lake St. Ele. R. R. Co., supra; Westfeldt v. North Carolina Mining Co.. 166 Fed. 706, 92 C. C. A. 378; Gay-lord v. Railroad Co., 6 Biss. 286, Fed. Cas. No. 5,281.
So, Judge Sanborn, in Sullivan v. Algrem, 160 Fed. 366-369, 87 C. C. A. 318, 321, said:
“The legal custody of specific property by one court of competent jurisdiction withdraws it, so far as necessary to accomplish the purpose of that custody, until that purpose is completely accomplished from the jurisdiction of every other court. The court which first acquires jurisdiction of specific property by the lawful seizure thereof, or by the due commencement of a suit in that court, from which it appears that it is, or will become, necessary to a cúmplelo determination of ihe controversy involved, or to the enforcement of the judgment or decree therein, to seize, charge with a lien, sell, or exercise other like dominion over it, thereby withdraws that property from the jurisdiction of every other court, and entitled the former to retain the control of it requisite to effectuate its judgment or decree in the suit, free from the interference of every other tribunal.”
Nor does it matter that Ben T. Castlemau conveyed his interest in the land to the complainant company before service of process upon him. The conveyance was made pendente lile, and the complainant took subject to the judgment after it was rendered in the pending suit. Becker v. Stoeher, 167 Mo. 306, 66 S. W. 1083; Holloway v. Holloway, 103 Mo. 283, 15 S. W. 536; Hart v. Steedman, *51498 Mo. 453, 11 S. W. 993; Farmers’ Roan & Trust Co. v. Lake Street Elevated R. R. Co., supra.
When the defendants to the original bill of complaint answered, setting up the pendency of the suit in partition in the state court in bar of the suit in this court, the' complainant had that plea set down for hearing. On the hearing thereof, Judge Rewis, then sitting, on the suggestion that, non constat, the plaintiff in the suit, in the state court might dismiss it, he ordered a stay of the suit in this court until the final disposition of that pending in the state court. After two unsuccessful efforts before other judges to have said order of Judge Rewis’ vacated, and after the suit in the state court had proceeded to final judgment, the complainant did not wait for additional plea by the defendants, suggesting to the court that said suit in the state court had so proceeded to final judgment, but evidently impressed with the fact that it could not maintain the suit in this court while the- judgment of the state court remained in force, constituting an effectual bar, it filed herein what its counsel terms a .‘‘supplemental bill,” in which, after restating the facts alleged in the .original bill, copying therein the original bill, pleaded matters which in its view would avoid the effect of the proceedings in the state court, and open up the case in the state court after final judgment for relitigation in this jui'isdiction. Having obtained leave to file said supplemental bill of complaint, the defendants were required to make answer thereto; in which answer they pleaded in detail the proceedings in the suit in partition in the state court, leading up to and culminating in the final judgment, as authorized thereto by statute, with or without the permission granted by this court in the order aforesaid. The supplemental bill of complaint disclosed on its face that the cause in the state court had proceeded to final judgment. The answer denied specifically each mateidal allegation of the supplemental bill of complaint, which charged the defendants and their counsel with certain irregulax-ities and undue influence in the proceedings in the state coui't leading to the final judgment, also denying what is claimed to have been an unfair and inequitable division of the property by the coxnmissionei-s, and the other new matters advanced in the bill.
Counsel for the complainant in his brief challenges the right of the defendants to plead the suit and judgmexxt in the state court in bar, and also to take issue on the allegations of new matter set forth in the bill of complaint, on the ground that such special matter of defense cannot be combined with the plea in bar. I do not so understand the rule of pleading in equity. Story on Equity Pleading, § 784, asserts the rule as follows:
“If there is any charge of fraud, or if other circumstances are shown by the bill, as a ground for relief (against a suit or judgment), the sentence or judgment cannot be pleaded, by a pure plea, in bar of the bill. But the plea must, besides setting up the sentence or judgment, proceed by suitable averments to deny the fraud or other circumstances upon which the sentence or judgment is sought to be impeached; and thus put them in issue by the plea. And it must also be supported by a full answer to the special charges in the bill.”
The answer, duly verified, has followed this rule. Without replying to the answer, complainant’s counsel had the case set down for *515hearing on the pleadings and record.. I understand the settled rule in equity to be that, where the complainant thus has the case set down for hearing, the averments of the answer are taken as true; especially so when under oath. It admits all the matters well pleaded, and only raises the question of the legal effect and sufficiency thereof. 1 Rose, Fed. Pro. § 1005; 2 Bates, Fed. Pr. § (¡80, p. 626.
So, it not only appears on the face of the pleadings that the suit in partition ill the state court proceeded to final judgment, but every allegation designed or intended by the supplemental bill to impeach and avoid the validity of the proceedings and judgment in tlie state court were put in contestation by the answer. Without filing any replication thereto, and without taking any testimony whatever to sustain the controverted averments of the bill of complaint, the complainant had the case set down for hearing, asking for final decree in its favor.
It can make no difference that the judgment of the state court under the state statute was a proceeding at law. Story, in his work on Equity Pleading (section 786), declares that:
“Where a court not only possesses jurisdiction over a particular cause, but iliat jurisdiction is of a peculiar and exclusive nature, its sentence or decree, ex directo, in a matter properly recognizable there, is conclusive, whenever the same matter shall come in question collaterally in any other court, whether it be a court of law or a court of equity.”
The bill of complaint charges that the suit in the state court was abandoned, and then proceeds to disclose by the supplemental bill the fact that that suit proceeded to final judgment. The answer, however, denied the allegation of abandonment, and the complainant has furnished no evidence to sustain it. On the contrary, the whole record of tlie proceedings in the state court, which is before this court filed as an exhibit with depositions taken herein, shows that there was no dismissal or abandonment of the original suit. The record only shows that there was an amendment of the original petition in the state court, making parties defendant the trustee and beneficiary in tlie deed of trust executed on the lauds by David Castleman. This amendment was permissible under the state Code (1 Rev. St. 1899, § 667 [Ann. St. 1906, p. 6851).
It is a well-recognized rule of law that:
“An amendment to a bill of complaint, after a purchase or the acquisition of other rights pendente lile, which does not alter the cause of action, does not affect the Us pendens, since it relates back to the filing of the original hill.” Gaylord v. Railway Co., 6 Biss. 286, Fed. Cas. No. 5,284; 25 Cyc. 1473, and citations.
Furthermore, while proper parties to the suit iu partition, such new defendants were not necessary parties. Stevens v. Stevens, 172 Mo., loc. cit. 33, 72 S. W. 542.
Tlie complainant, evidently by its bill, seeks to maintain tlie right to go into a court of equity, notwithstanding the anterior proceedings in tlie state court, by alleging advancements made to one of the defendants by the common ancestor. Under,the state statute, the circuit court of Cooper county, Mo., was vested with full authority to entertain therein jurisdiction respecting such contention as to any ad*516váncement made to the heir. 1 Rev. St. Mo. 1899, § 4378 (Ann. St. 1906, p. 2414); Gunn v. Thurston, 130 Mo. 339, 32 S. W. 654; Green v. Walker, 99 Mo. 68, 12 S. W. 353.
The complainant, through its president, Ben T. Castleman, having full knowledge of said'proceeding in partition in the state court, could have set up the alleged claim respecting the advancement and had the matter litigated therein. Having failed to do so, that does not give the complainant any standing in an independent suit in equity to have such claim asserted. A judgment rendered upon the merits is an absolute bar to a subsequent action. “It is a finality as to the claim or demand in controversy, concluding parties and those in privity with them, not only as to every matter which was offered and received.to sustain or defeat the claim or demand, but as to any other admissible matter which might have been offered for that purpose.” If any matter competent in defense was “not presented in the action, and established by competent evidence, the subsequent allegation of their existence is of no legal consequence.” Cromwell v. County of Sac, 94 U. S., loc. cit. 352, 24 L. Ed. 195.
■ As already shown, if the complainant be regarded as a distinct legal entity, endowed with power to sue and be sxxed as a corporation, it became a purchaser of the interest in the land of Ben T. Castleman pending the partition suit in the state court, and, as such, was as much boxtnd by the judgment therein as its assignor. It is not to be entertained that this complainant in any sense sustains the relation of an innocent purchaser for value. The answer alleges, and it is not denied by the pleadings, that Ben T. Castleman, with knowledge of the fact that the writ of summons was in the hands of the sheriff of St. Louis county for service on -him, concealed himself or avoided service. He went at once to the state of New Jersey and caused to be organized the complainant company, or at least conveyed to it, as the bill of complaint discloses, his interest in the real estate in question as its asset, in consideration of the stock of the company therefor. The corporation was nothing more than a holding corporation for Ben T. Castleman, and in this litigation it is but his alter ego. He elected himself president, going through the usual form of having-some local persons holding nominal stock elected directors. Whereupon he at once caused to be instituted this suit in the name of said corporation; evidently seeking thereby to transfer to this jurisdiction the controversy respecting the partition of said lands. The transaction was little more than simulative for jurisdictional purposes. Miller & Lux v. East Side Canal Co., 211 U. S. 293, 29 Sup. Ct. Ill, 53 L. Ed. 189; Southern Realty Co. v. Walker, 211 U. S. 603, 29 Sup. Ct. 211, 53 L. Ed. 346.
Waiving this, however, on the pleadings and records before this court the request for decree by the complainant should be denied.
The climax in the role played by Ben T. Castleman in this proceeding was reached when to the supplemental bill he made himself a code.fendant. And without waiving answer thereto under oath, he filed answer, under oath, in effect admitting the allegations of what would be regarded as a bill of complaint in his own behalf, and pleaded mat*517ters aliunde, which he conceived would bolster up the suit against the other defendants. Then, without filing replication thereto, had the case set down for hearing on the pleadings and record. It is sufficient to say that this is a farce play, without a moral, not participated in by the real defendants whom he thus sought to compromise. As Ben T. Castleman is a self-assigned defendant in this controversy, and the bill being framed upon the theory that his interests are vested in the complainant, it is not perceived that the latter is entitled to any decree against its other self.
The bill of complaint is dismissed.