Court Opinion

ID: 3062653
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-14 19:11:24.426132+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:41:19.920459
License: Public Domain

J-S55040-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,             :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :          PENNSYLVANIA
                     Appellee             :
                                          :
                    v.                    :
                                          :
VITO PELINO,                              :
                                          :
                         Appellant        :    No. 608 WDA 2015

             Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 31, 2015,
              in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County,
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0002578-2011

BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., BENDER, P.J.E., and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.:                    FILED OCTOBER 14, 2015

        Vito Pelino (Appellant) appeals from the order entered March 31, 2015,

dismissing his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act

(PCRA).1 We affirm.

        This Court previously summarized the relevant factual history of this

case as follows.

               On the evening of February 12, 2011, [the victim] was
        socializing with a group of friends at a bar…. Later that night
        [the victim] met [Appellant’s sister, N.T.]. [N.T.] had come to
        the bar with [Appellant] after getting off work and having several
        drinks[.] … [The victim] and [Appellant] were introduced to each
        other by [N.T.], and the two men had incidental but friendly
        contact during the evening. [The victim] and [N.T.] talked,
        danced and drank for a couple of hours…. [Around 2:00 on
        February 13th, the victim’s friend drove the victim] and [N.T.]
        to [N.T.’s] residence and returned to the bar…. [Appellant had]
        agreed to provide [the victim] with a ride home from [N.T.’s
        residence] after he took [his friend, Corey] Robert home

1
    42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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     [because the victim and Appellant] resided [in the same
     community].

           [Appellant] arrived at [N.T.’s] residence at approximately
     3:00 a.m. and the three of them drank and talked amicably
     inside. [The victim] at some point excused himself to use the
     bathroom and [N.T.], by that time intoxicated and tired, told
     [Appellant] that she needed [the victim] to be out of the
     residence because her boyfriend would be coming home soon.
     [Appellant] informed [the victim] of the circumstances, and
     although [the victim] had been excited about the potential of
     “hooking up” with [N.T., Appellant] persuaded [the victim] to
     leave with him.

           [Appellant] and [the victim] left and drove into [their
     community] in [Appellant’s] vehicle. During the ride [the victim]
     began talking about [N.T.] in a manner that [Appellant]
     perceived to be disrespectful…. A verbal argument ensued and
     [Appellant] stopped the vehicle [and] the argument escalated
     between the two men. [Appellant] then grabbed a knife that he
     had beside the driver’s side door and began to stab [the victim].

           [Appellant] inflicted 72 stab and incised wounds on [the
     victim], stabbing him until he was certain [the victim] was dead.
     Many of the incised wounds were defensive wounds to [the
     victim’s] hands; and the most lethal wounds were stab wounds
     to [the victim’s] neck, which transected his left carotid artery
     and perforated his trachea, as well as a stab wound to his back
     which penetrated his lung.

     …[Appellant] drove home to his apartment … which was across
     the street from his mother’s home. He parked his vehicle in the
     back of his mother’s house and pushed [the victim’s] body onto
     the back seat. [Appellant] went into his apartment and retrieved
     a black bed sheet, and returned to the vehicle to cover up [the
     victim’s] body.

           [Appellant] returned to his apartment, showered,
     discarded his blood soaked clothing and unsuccessfully
     attempted to contact Corey Robert to solicit his advice and aid[].
     …[T]hat evening [Appellant] contacted Corey Robert and told
     him he needed his help…. [Appellant] picked Robert up [and the
     two men went] to the basement of [Appellant’s] mother’s home.
     As they entered the basement, [Appellant] told Robert that he

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     “killed that guy last night”, and asked Robert if he saw a sign
     above the door that stated, “dead nigger storage.”

           Once they got into the basement, [Appellant] showed
     Robert a garbage bag, and a large blanket which was tied into a
     knotted packing laying in a puddle of blood. Both the garbage
     bag and the blanket contained the dismembered body parts of
     [the victim]. [Appellant] acknowledged that he had cut [the
     victim] up with a saw and put the parts in the garbage bag and
     blanket. [Appellant] had cut [the victim] into six parts: head,
     torso, two arms, and two legs. [Appellant] had discarded the
     knife he used to stab [the victim] and the saw he used to
     dismember him into the nearby Allegheny River.

            [Appellant] and Robert loaded [the victim’s] dismembered
     body into [Appellant’s] vehicle. [Appellant] drove to a remote
     and heavily wooded area … where they loaded the garbage bag
     and bed sheet into a discarded wheel barrow…. They traveled on
     a path approximately 100 yards into the woods to the edge of a
     hillside where [Appellant] pulled out the dismembered body
     parts [from the garbage bag and bed sheet], took off any
     remaining clothing, and [he] and Robert threw the body parts
     over [a] hillside. [Appellant] gathered up the clothing, garbage
     bag and bed sheet and they returned to [Appellant’s apartment]
     where they parted company….

           A missing persons investigation … led the police to
     interview Cor[e]y Robert. Robert eventually gave police a
     detailed account of the events on February [13th] and took
     police to the wooded area where the dismembered body of [the
     victim] was recovered.

           [Appellant] was arrested[.]

Commonwealth v. Pelino, 83 A.3d 1075 (Pa. Super. 2013) (unpublished

memorandum at 1-3).

     On March 15, 2012, following a jury trial, Appellant was convicted of

first-degree murder and abuse of a corpse. On June 13, 2012, the trial court

sentenced Appellant to a term of life imprisonment without the possibility of

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parole for the first-degree murder charge, followed by a consecutive term of

not less than one nor more than two years’ incarceration for the abuse of

corpse charge. Appellant’s judgment of sentence was affirmed by this Court

on August 27, 2013. Id. Appellant did not petition our Supreme Court for

review. On July 17, 2014, Appellant timely filed a counseled PCRA petition,

raising 13 claims of trial counsel ineffectiveness, which was denied by the

PCRA court without a hearing on March 31, 2015.          This timely appeal

followed.

      “Our review of a PCRA court’s decision is limited to examining whether

the PCRA court’s findings of fact are supported by the record, and whether

its conclusions of law are free from legal error.” Commonwealth v.

Koehler, 36 A.3d 121, 131 (Pa. 2012) (citation omitted). “[Our] scope of

review is limited to the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of

record, viewed in the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the

PCRA court level.” Id. “The PCRA court’s credibility determinations, when

supported by the record, are binding on this Court.” Commonwealth v.

Spotz, 18 A.3d 244, 259 (Pa. 2011) (citation omitted). “However, this Court

applies a de novo standard of review to the PCRA court’s legal conclusions.”

Id.

      We also note that a PCRA petitioner is not automatically entitled to an

evidentiary hearing. “A PCRA court’s decision denying a claim without a

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hearing may only be reversed upon a finding of an abuse of discretion.”

Commonwealth v. Walker, 36 A.3d 1, 17 (Pa. 2011) (citation omitted).

             [T]he right to an evidentiary hearing on a post-conviction
      petition is not absolute. It is within the PCRA court’s discretion to
      decline to hold a hearing if the petitioner’s claim is patently
      frivolous and has no support either in the record or other
      evidence. It is the responsibility of the reviewing court on appeal
      to examine each issue raised in the PCRA petition in light of the
      record certified before it in order to determine if the PCRA court
      erred in its determination that there were no genuine issues of
      material fact in controversy and in denying relief without
      conducting an evidentiary hearing.

Commonwealth v. Wah, 42 A.3d 335, 338 (Pa. Super. 2012) (internal

citations omitted).

      In his statement of questions involved, Appellant raises one issue for

our review: “Did the [PCRA] court abuse its discretion when it dismissed

[Appellant’s] PCRA petition pursuant to [Pa.R.Crim.P.] 907 where [Appellant]

raised several genuine issue[s] of fact[] regarding ineffective assistance of

trial counsel which[,] if resolved in his favor[,] would have entitled him to

relief?” Appellant’s Brief at 3 (unnecessary capitalization omitted). While the

statement of questions is confined to this one issue, in the argument section

of his brief, Appellant raises approximately 11 separate claims of ineffective

assistance of counsel. Id. at 7-24. We have grouped these issues together

for ease of disposition.2

2
  Appellant’s counseled brief fails to conform in many respects to the
mandates set forth in the Rules of Appellate Procedure. For example, it is
well-established that “[t]he statement of the questions involved must state
concisely the issues to be resolved, expressed in the terms and

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      To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel under the

PCRA, a petitioner must plead and prove by a preponderance of the evidence

that counsel’s ineffectiveness “so undermined the truth-determining process

that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.”

42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(ii). A petitioner must establish “(1) the underlying

legal issue has arguable merit; (2) counsel’s actions lacked an objective

reasonable basis; and (3) Appellant was prejudiced by counsel’s act or

circumstances of the case but without unnecessary detail. The statement will
be deemed to include every subsidiary question fairly comprised therein. No
question will be considered unless it is stated in the statement of questions
involved or is fairly suggested thereby.” Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a). Additionally,
“[t]he argument shall be divided into as many parts as there are questions
to be argued; and shall have at the head of each part--in distinctive type or
in type distinctively displayed--the particular point treated therein, followed
by such discussion and citation of authorities as are deemed pertinent.”
Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a). Moreover, “[i]f reference is made to the pleadings,
evidence, charge, opinion or order, or any other matter appearing in the
record, the argument must set forth, in immediate connection therewith, or
in a footnote thereto, a reference to the place in the record where the
matter referred to appears.” Pa.R.A.P. 2119(c).

      As stated above, Appellant sets forth one question for our review, yet
argues multiple sub-issues. However, the argument section of his brief does
not contain citations to the record, a synopsis of the relevant evidence
surrounding each sub-issue, or statement of place raising or preserving any
of those sub-issues. On these bases alone, we could dismiss this appeal.
Pa.R.A.P. 2101. However, because the sub-issues contained in Appellant’s
argument were raised before the trial court in Appellant’s PCRA petition and
1925(b) statement, our ability to address those issues is not impaired. See
Commonwealth v. Long, 786 A.2d 237, 239 n.3 (Pa. Super. 2001) (finding
that our ability to review an issue was not hindered by a violation of Rule
2116(a) when the issue was identified in the argument section of the brief).
Although we are constrained to proceed with a review of Appellant’s
substantive issues, we do not condone counsel’s flagrant violations of the
Rules.

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omission.” Koehler, 36 A.3d at 132 (citing Commonwealth v. Pierce, 527

A.2d 973, 975 (Pa. 1987)). “Counsel is presumed to be effective and

Appellant has the burden of proving otherwise.” Commonwealth v. Rivers,

786 A.2d 923, 927 (Pa. 2001) (citations omitted). Furthermore, “[i]f an

appellant fails to prove by a preponderance of the evidence any of the …

prongs, the Court need not address the remaining prongs of the test.”

Commonwealth v. Fitzgerald, 979 A.2d 908, 911 (Pa. Super. 2009).

Failure to Object During the Commonwealth’s Closing Argument

      First, Appellant claims that counsel was ineffective for failing to object

during closing arguments to the assistant district attorney’s characterization

of Appellant as a cold-blooded killer. Appellant’s Brief at 8-9.

      The standard for granting a new trial because of the comments
      of a prosecutor is a high one. Generally, a prosecutor’s
      arguments to the jury are not a basis for the granting of a new
      trial unless the unavoidable effect of such comments would be to
      prejudice the jury, forming in their minds fixed bias and hostility
      towards the accused which would prevent them from properly
      weighing the evidence and rendering a true verdict. This
      standard permits us to grant a new trial based on the comments
      of a prosecutor only if the unavoidable effect of the comments
      prevented the jury from considering the evidence. A prosecutor
      must have reasonable latitude in fairly presenting a case to the
      jury and must be free to present his or her arguments with
      logical force and vigor.

Commonwealth v. Ogrod, 839 A.2d 294, 333-34 (Pa. 2003) (citations and

quotation marks omitted).

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      At the beginning of her closing argument, the assistant district

attorney described appellant as a “cold-blooded killer,” stating, “ladies and

gentlemen of the jury, you have to ask yourself what kind of person can stab

another human being 72 times and then dismember his body with a saw and

snap his bones and then throw away his body like a piece of trash[?]” N.T.,

3/13-15/2012, at 431. She later argued to the jury that Appellant’s actions

immediately following the victim’s death, including playing with his children,

evidenced a lack of remorse stating, “I submit […] he is a cold-blooded

person who enjoyed what he did after he killed [the victim]. ” Id. at 436.

      While Appellant’s discussion of this issue pays lip service to the test for

ineffective assistance of counsel outlined above, he fails to develop his

argument, or establish that he was prejudiced. Appellant fails to specify

which statement he believes to be objectionable.         The substance of his

argument is as follows: “[t]he reference to [Appellant] as a cold blooded

killer was undesirable when made by the witness. For the prosecutor to refer

to it in [her] closing and quote it verbatim rises to the level of misconduct.”

Appellant’s Brief at 8. While he claims that the district attorney is quoting

verbatim “the witness,” he fails to identify which witness3 made the original

statement, cite to the comment in the certified record, or identify where in

the record his objection to the comment by the unidentified witness is

preserved. See Commonwealth v. Renchenski, 988 A.2d 699, 703 (Pa.

3
  The certified record indicates there were 19 witnesses called throughout
the course of the three day long trial.

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Super. 2010); Commonwealth v. Beshore, 916 A.2d 1128, 1140 (Pa.

Super. 2007) (noting that this Court will not develop an argument for an

appellant and that the failure to develop adequately an argument in an

appellate brief may result in waiver of the claim under Pa.R.A.P. 2119).

Moreover, it is well-established that “prosecutorial misconduct … will not be

found where comments were based on evidence or proper inferences

therefrom or were only oratorical flair.” Commonwealth v. DeJesus, 787

A.2d 394, 408 (Pa. 2001). Appellant’s challenge to the inference drawn by

the prosecutor, which is based on evidence presented at trial, is without

merit.

Failure to Prepare Appellant to Testify

     Appellant next claims that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to

prepare him to testify properly. Appellant’s Brief at 10-11. As the

Commonwealth aptly notes, Appellant’s argument on this point “consists of

citation to a series of cases dealing with situations in which counsel was

deemed unprepared for trial, a misstatement of the procedural history of the

case, and a discussion of other alleged failures (i.e., failure to present

character witnesses), but contains nothing specifically aimed at illustrating

what [A]ppellant might have said differently in his testimony had he been

more thoroughly prepared by counsel.” Commonwealth’s Brief at 20.

Because Appellant fails to address meaningfully each of the three prongs

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necessary to establish ineffective assistance of counsel, we find he has

waived this claim. See Commonwealth v. Steele, 961 A.2d 786, 797 (Pa.

2008) (“[W]here Appellant has failed to set forth all three prongs of the

ineffectiveness test and meaningfully discuss them, he is not entitled to

relief, and we are constrained to find such claims waived for lack of

development.”).

Failure to Object to the Admission of Martial Arts Items

      Appellant claims that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object

to the introduction of martial arts books and weapons seized during a search

of his apartment. Appellant’s Brief at 12. Appellant argues that the sole

purpose of this evidence was to establish his propensity for violence. Id.

Moreover, Appellant contends that, because the victim was stabbed inside

Appellant’s car, and no martial arts weapons were used, the evidence was

irrelevant. Contrary to these arguments, a review of the record makes clear

that the evidence was introduced to rebut Appellant’s claim that he killed the

victim in self-defense.

      Instantly, the Commonwealth, through witness Corey Robert, offered

testimony that Appellant killed the victim in Appellant’s car, which was

parked in front of Appellant’s apartment, with a knife that Appellant had

hidden beside the driver’s side door. N.T., 3/13-15/2012, at 164, 179, 196.

To the contrary, Appellant asserted that he stabbed the victim in self-

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defense after the victim attacked him with a knife while both men were in

Appellant’s car. Id. at 387-88. Appellant testified that he was able to disarm

the victim using martial arts techniques. Id.        Once in possession of the

victim’s knife, Appellant pinned the victim between the front seats of the car

and began stabbing him in the neck and back. Id. at 387-389. Appellant

explained that he had stabbed the victim multiple times out of panic and fear

for his life. Id. On cross-examination, Appellant reiterated that the victim

attacked him with a knife, which “showed … intent to kill” and he protected

himself accordingly. Id. at 399.

      “If   a   defendant    introduces       evidence   of   self-defense,   the

Commonwealth bears the burden of disproving the self-defense claim

beyond a reasonable doubt.” Commonwealth v. Rivera, 983 A.2d 1211,

1221 (Pa. 2009). The martial arts materials introduced at trial were relevant

to rebut Appellant’s claims that he stabbed the victim in self-defense, he was

in fear for his life, and that he was justified to act with deadly force.

Accordingly, this claim is without merit, and affords Appellant no relief. See

Commonwealth v. Spotz, 896 A.2d 1191, 1210 (Pa. 2006) (“Counsel will

not be deemed ineffective for failing to raise a meritless claim.”)

Failure to Sever the Charges

      Appellant next claims that counsel was ineffective for not moving to

sever the charge of criminal homicide from the charge of abuse of a corpse.

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Appellant’s Brief at 13-14.    While Appellant quotes the relevant test for

determining whether a court should grant a motion to sever, Appellant fails

to apply this test to the charges at issue.       Instead, he makes a bald

allegation of prejudice and directs this Court to “See aforecited cases which

clearly supports [sic] [Appellant’s] contention that he would be entitled to a

new trial/evidentiary hearing. [sic] on this issue.” Appellant’s Brief at 14. As

noted above, we will not develop Appellant’s argument for him. Beshore,

916 A.2d at 1140. Accordingly, the claim is waived.4

Failure to Call Certain Fact and Character Witnesses

      Appellant claims that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to “call

good character witnesses,” and various factual witnesses. Appellant’s Brief at

14. With respect to the failure to call character witnesses, we observe the

following.

            As a general rule, evidence of a person’s character may
      not be admitted to show that individual acted in conformity with
      that character on a particular occasion. Pa.R.E. 404(a). However,
      Pennsylvania Rule of Evidence 404(a)(1) provides an exception
      which allows a criminal defendant to offer evidence of his or her
      character traits which are pertinent to the crimes charged and
      allows the Commonwealth to rebut the same. Pa.R.E. 404(a)(1).
      This Court has further explained the limited purpose for which
      this evidence can be offered:

                  It has long been the law in Pennsylvania that
             an individual on trial for an offense against the

4
  Moreover, Appellant fails to analyze this issue within the framework
outlined by Pierce, supra.

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           criminal law is permitted to introduce evidence of his
           good reputation in any respect which has “proper
           relation to the subject matter” of the charge at issue.
           Such evidence has been allowed on a theory that
           general reputation reflects the character of the
           individual and a defendant in a criminal case is
           permitted to prove his good character in order to
           negate his participation in the offense charged. The
           rationale for the admission of character testimony is
           that an accused may not be able to produce any
           other evidence to exculpate himself from the charge
           he faces except his own oath and evidence of good
           character.

                 It is clearly established that evidence of good
           character is to be regarded as evidence of
           substantive fact just as any other evidence tending
           to establish innocence and may be considered by the
           jury in connection with all of the evidence presented
           in the case on the general issue of guilt or
           innocence. Evidence of good character is substantive
           and positive evidence, not a mere make weight to be
           considered in a doubtful case, and, ... is an
           independent factor which may of itself engender
           reasonable doubt or produce a conclusion of
           innocence. Evidence of good character offered
           by a defendant in a criminal prosecution must
           be limited to his general reputation for the
           particular trait or traits of character involved in
           the commission of the crime charged. The cross-
           examination      of    such     witnesses   by    the
           Commonwealth must be limited to the same traits.
           Such evidence must relate to a period at or about
           the time the offense was committed, and must be
           established by testimony of witnesses as to the
           community opinion of the individual in
           question, not through specific acts or mere
           rumor.

Commonwealth v. Johnson, 27 A.3d 244, 247-48 (Pa. Super. 2011)

(citing Commonwealth v. Luther, 463 A.2d 1073, 1077–78 (Pa. Super.

1983) (citations omitted; emphasis added)).

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      When an appellant claims counsel was ineffective for failing to call

character witnesses, the appellant must demonstrate that witnesses existed,

they were available and willing to testify on his behalf at the trial, his

counsel had an awareness of, or a duty to know of, the witnesses, and their

proposed testimony was necessary to avoid prejudice. Commonwealth v.

Copenhefer, 719 A.2d 242, 254 (Pa. 1998).          It is well-established that

“[f]ailure to present available character witnesses may constitute ineffective

assistance of counsel.”   Commonwealth v. Harris, 785 A.2d 998, 1000

(Pa. Super. 2001).

      Attached to his PCRA petition are three identical affidavits, all of which

verify that each potential witness 1) was aware of Appellant’s reputation in

the community as “peaceful, honest and law abiding,” 2) was available to

testify at trial, and 3) was never called to do so by trial counsel.

Attachments to PCRA Petition, 7/18/2014.        However, Appellant failed to

present to the PCRA court, or this Court, anything that demonstrates that

trial counsel was aware of these particular witnesses at the time of trial, or

should have been aware of them. Because he has failed to meet his burden

under Copenhefer, his claim must fail.5

5
  In his brief, Appellant claims that the Commonwealth concedes he is
entitled to an evidentiary hearing on the issue of character witnesses.
Appellant’s Brief at 14.      That concession is not included in the
Commonwealth’s brief; however, the Commonwealth did note in its answer
to Appellant’s PCRA petition that, while Appellant’s PCRA claims fail, “an
evidentiary hearing is necessary in order to create a record” regarding
Appellant’s proposed character witnesses.       Commonwealth’s Answer,

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        Appellant also claims that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to call

factual witnesses Armond Bergamasco, Cydney DeDominicis, and Sarah

Mattern.6 Appellant’s Brief at 21-22. Similar to the above, “[w]hen raising a

failure to call a potential witness claim, the PCRA petitioner satisfies the

performance and prejudice requirements of the [Pierce] test by establishing

that:

        (1) the witness existed; (2) the witness was available to testify
        for the defense; (3) counsel knew of, or should have known of,
        the existence of the witness; (4) the witness was willing to
        testify for the defense; and (5) the absence of the testimony of
        the witness was so prejudicial as to have denied the defendant a
        fair trial.

Commonwealth v. Washington, 927 A.2d 586, 599 (Pa. 2007). To

demonstrate prejudice, the PCRA petitioner “must show how the uncalled

witnesses’ testimony would have been beneficial under the circumstances of

the case.” Commonwealth v. Johnson, 966 A.2d 523, 536 (Pa. 2009)

(citation omitted); see also Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 889 A.2d 501, 546

(Pa. 2005) (“Trial counsel’s failure to call a particular witness does not

constitute ineffective assistance without some showing that the absent

1/15/2015, at 4. However, because Appellant has failed to meet his burden
under Pierce and Copenhefer, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial
court’s decision to deny Appellant an evidentiary hearing.
6
  In his PCRA petition, Appellant argues that counsel was ineffective for
failing to call a number of other named witnesses; however, he has
abandoned those claims by failing to argue them on appeal to this Court.

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witness’ testimony would have been beneficial or helpful in establishing the

asserted defense.”).

      In his affidavit attached to Appellant’s PCRA petition, Bergamasco,

Appellant’s mechanic, avers that he was interviewed by trial counsel’s

investigator regarding a defective automatic unlocking mechanism on

Appellant’s car door.      Specifically, Bergamasco would have testified that

Appellant’s vehicle was equipped with a safety feature whereby the doors

automatically   unlocked     when   the   vehicle   was   shifted   into   “park”.

Attachment to PCRA Petition, 7/18/2014. This feature was not working at

the time of the incident, meaning that Appellant’s car doors had to be

unlocked manually. Id. Appellant contends that this evidence was relevant

to support his claim of self-defense because Bergamasco would have

testified that “at the time of the incident the locks were broken and

[Appellant] would have been locked in the car and unable to get out.”

Appellant’s Brief at 21.

      Appellant mischaracterizes the substance of Bergamasco’s affidavit.

The nature of the problem, according to Bergamasco, was not that the doors

did not open, but that they had to be manually unlocked when the vehicle

was in “park.”       Thus, contrary to Appellant’s argument on appeal,

Bergamasco’s proposed testimony leaves open the possibility that Appellant

(and the victim, for that matter) could have exited the vehicle at any point

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during the verbal altercation, regardless of the vehicle’s allegedly inoperative

safety feature.

      Moreover, at trial, Appellant testified that the incident escalated after

he pulled over on the side of the road and “made the attempt to kick [the

victim] out of [his] car.” N.T., 3/13-15/2012, at 399. Appellant testified that

the previous verbal altercation turned physical when the victim attacked him

with a knife. He was able to disarm the victim and gain control of the knife,

after which he stabbed the victim to death.        All of this occurred within

Appellant’s car. Appellant justified stabbing the victim after disarming him,

stating that he was “trapped in the car” with the victim, but never

mentioned the faulty unlocking mechanism.        Id. at 385.     Based on the

foregoing, Appellant has failed to convince us that the absence of

Bergamasco’s testimony was prejudicial under Pierce.7

      Appellant next claims that counsel was ineffective for failing to call

DeDominicis, who would have testified that the Commonwealth’s key

witness, Corey Robert, had a reputation for being untruthful.       Appellant’s

Brief at 21-22. However, similar to our analysis of the potential character

witnesses above, neither DeDominicis’ statement nor Appellant’s PCRA

petition set forth evidence to demonstrate that trial counsel knew or should

7
  Appellant’s argument on this claim focuses solely on his averment that
counsel failed to investigate Bergamasco at all. Appellant’s Brief at 21. This
claim is belied by Bergamasco’s own affidavit, wherein he states that he was
interviewed about the faulty unlocking mechanism prior to trial by trial
counsel’s investigator.

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have known of this witness, or the substance of her testimony. Accordingly,

Appellant’s claim fails. Washington, 927 A.2d at 599.8

      Finally, although he mentions her name, Appellant makes no attempt

to apply the tests in Pierce or Washington to the potential testimony of

Sarah Mattern. Appellant’s entire argument on this point is contained in a

paragraph of seemingly extra arguments: “[t]rial counsel was ineffective for

the following : … not calling to the witness stand Sarah Mattern who would

have testified she bandaged [Appellant’s] hands after the killing but before

the removal of the deceased body from the basement.” Appellant’s Brief at

22.   In light of Appellant’s complete lack of effort to argue this point

properly, his claim fails.9

8
  In any event, DeDominicis’ proffered testimony is inadmissible. While
Appellant contends that DeDominicis would have testified that Corey Robert
had a reputation for being untruthful, the substance of her affidavit
demonstrates that she would offer only specific instances of Robert’s prior
conduct, which is inadmissible for impeachment purposes. See Pa.R.E. 608;
Commonwealth v. Hanible, 30 A.3d 426 (Pa. 2011) (holding that there
was no arguable merit to Hanible’s position that trial counsel was ineffective
in failing to call various witnesses to impeach the veracity of the
Commonwealth’s key witness where the declarations contained in the
character witnesses’ proffered affidavits primarily addressed specific
instances of key witness’s conduct, i.e., her specific acts of violence, threats
of violence, or deception, which would have been inadmissible to attack her
credibility under Pa.R.E. 608, which prohibits attack or support of the
character of a witness for truthfulness through extrinsic evidence concerning
specific instances of the witness’s conduct.)
9
  As discussed in more detail infra, even if Appellant had developed properly
his claim with respect to Mattern, her testimony (that she placed a Band-Aid
on Appellant’s hand at some point following the killing) is arguably
cumulative of that offered by Sergeant Hudek’s testimony, and also less

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Failure to Present Evidence of Appellant’s Defensive Wounds

      Comingled with the Sarah Mattern argument are two other arguments

regarding trial counsel’s failure to present evidence of Appellant’s defensive

wounds. Appellant’s Brief at 22-23. Appellant contends that counsel was

ineffective for failing to recall Sergeant Michael Hudek to testify as to

Appellant’s defensive wounds, and was ineffective for failing to show

photographs of those injuries to the jury. Id.    However, both Appellant’s

sister and Sergeant Hudek testified to the presence of injuries to Appellant’s

hands following the incident. N.T., 3/12-15/2012, at 93-95, 124-27. In

particular, Sergeant Hudek testified that he observed a three-inch-long cut

on the webbing between the thumb and forefinger of Appellant’s right hand,

along with a Band-Aid on his right pinky; an open cut on the left side of his

right pinky; a half-dollar-sized bruise on the back of his left forearm; and a

superficial cut on the back of his neck. Id. at 126-27. Trial counsel cross-

examined Sergeant Hudek with respect to those injuries, inquiring if they

were “consistent with a struggle.” Id. at 138-141. Accordingly, as counsel

thoroughly cross-examined the sergeant on this point, we are not convinced

that Appellant was prejudiced by counsel’s failure to recall the witness to

belabor these points.

helpful, as her description of Appellant’s wounds is less extensive than that
testified to by Sergeant Hudek. Accordingly, these claims fail.

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         Moreover, there is no indication, either in Appellant’s brief or in the

PCRA petition, that photographs of Appellant’s purported injuries actually

existed, or that counsel was aware of them.          Accordingly, this claim also

fails.

Violation of Right to Public Trial

         Appellant next claims that “[t]rial counsel was ineffective for informing

[Appellant’s] family that they could not attend jury selection, thus denying

[Appellant] his Sixth Amendment right to a public trial.” Appellant’s Brief at

16.      In addressing this issue, the trial court aptly noted that Appellant’s

PCRA petition offered “no evidence that trial counsel told anyone they [sic]

could not attend jury selection, and more importantly the [trial court] did

not exclude anyone from the courtroom or from the jury selection process.”

Trial Court Opinion, 3/9/2015, at 4 (unnumbered).          Appellant argues that

the trial court’s observation is “factually inaccurate,” claiming “there are

several affidavits in the record attesting to the fact that trial counsel told

them they could not attend jury selection.” Appellant’s Brief at 17.

Unfortunately for Appellant, it is he who has misapprehended the record.

The eight witness affidavits attached to Appellant’s PCRA petition make no

mention of being excluded from jury selection by either trial counsel or the

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trial court.   Accordingly, Appellant has failed to meet his burden under

Pierce.10

      Having evaluated each of Appellant’s substantive issues, and finding

none that merits him relief, we find no error in the trial court’s decision to

deny him an evidentiary hearing.      Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s

order.

      Order affirmed.

10
   Appellant purports to rely on Commonwealth v. Rega, 70 A.3d 777 (Pa.
2013), for his argument that exclusion from jury selection is a “structural
error” for which no Pierce elements must be discussed. Appellant’s Brief at
18-20. However, having read the entirety of that decision, we direct him to
the following passage:

      Consistent with [Rega’s] arguments, various courts have found a
      violation of the right to a public trial to be in the nature of a
      structural error. It is well recognized, however, that such
      violation is a particular type of structural error which is waivable.
      Since [Rega] did not object to the after-hours courtroom
      arrangements, the only cognizable aspect of his claim is that of
      deficient stewardship, as to which he must establish
      prejudice.

Rega, 70 A.3d at 786-87 (citations omitted; emphasis added). In his brief,
Appellant argues that prejudice is “presumed” in this situation. Appellant’s
Brief at 20. Clearly, Appellant is mistaken. As Appellant has established
neither arguable merit nor prejudice, his claim must fail.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 10/14/2015

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