Court Opinion

ID: 9387476
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-18 06:00:09.390023+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:13.624052
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                            MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     TANYA ALFREDSON,                                DOCKET NUMBER
                 Appellant,                          DC-1221-16-0206-W-1

                     v.

     DEPARTMENT OF STATE,                            DATE: April 17, 2023
                 Agency.

                     THIS ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Chungsoo Lee, Feasterville, Pennsylvania, for the appellant.

           Marianne Perciaccante, Washington, D.C., for the agency.

                                            BEFORE

                                  Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                   Raymond A. Limon, Member

                                       REMAND ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision,
     which dismissed this individual right of action (IRA) appeal for lack of
     jurisdiction.        For the reasons discussed below, we GRANT the appellant’s
     petition for review, VACATE the initial decision, and REMAND the case to the
     regional office for further adjudication in accordance with this Remand Order.

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                          2

                       DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶2        Between 2008 and 2015, the appellant held a series of term appointments
     with the agency’s Foreign Service Institute (FSI). E.g., Initial Appeal File (IAF),
     Tab 13 at 5-10, 112, 138, 167. The majority of this time she held the position of
     Foreign Affairs Officer, but the agency converted her to the position of
     Supervisory Foreign Affairs Officer in December 2013, subject to a probationary
     period. Id. at 138, 167. About a year later, the agency decided that the appellant
     had not successfully completed her supervisory probationary period and,
     therefore, returned her to her original position. Id. The appellant separated from
     the agency effective May 2015. Id. at 112.
¶3        In March 2012, while still employed with the agency, the appellant
     contacted the agency’s Office of Inspector General (OIG) to express various
     concerns.     IAF, Tab 8 at 11-15.       Then, in July 2013, the appellant filed a
     complaint with the Office of Special Counsel (OSC), alleging that the agency was
     retaliating against her for her engagement with OIG. Id. at 16-18. She continued
     to communicate with OSC about further allegations of reprisal in November 2014,
     May 2015, and June 2015. Id. at 21-50. In her communications, she indicated
     that her first-level supervisor was aware of, and was retaliating against the
     appellant for, her OIG and OSC complaints. Id. at 26, 48.
¶4        After the appellant received OSC’s October 2015 notice that it was closing
     its investigation, she filed the instant appeal with the Board, raising various
     allegations pertaining to her employment. IAF, Tab 1 at 4 -6. She then filed two
     additional pleadings with further allegations of wrongdoing.          IAF, Tabs 3-4.
     The administrative judge construed the allegations as an IRA appeal, provided the
     corresponding jurisdictional standards, and ordered the appellant to meet her
     jurisdictional burden. IAF, Tab 6.
¶5        After both parties responded to the jurisdictional order, IAF, Tabs 8 -9, 11,
     the administrative judge dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction, without
     holding     the   requested   hearing,   IAF,   Tab   18,   Initial   Decision   (ID).
                                                                                     3

     The administrative judge found that the appellant failed to nonfrivolously allege
     that she made any disclosure protected under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or that any
     disclosure was a contributing factor in any alleged personnel action. ID at 9 -18.
     The appellant has filed a petition for review. Petition for Review (PFR) File,
     Tab 1. The agency has filed a response. PFR File, Tab 3.

     The appellant failed to prove or nonfrivolously allege that she was subjected to
     an otherwise appealable action.
¶6         Again, the administrative judge construed the appellant’s allegations as
     an IRA appeal. IAF, Tab 6. However, after the administrative judge explained
     the corresponding jurisdictional burden over an IRA appeal, the appellant
     responded in part by asserting that she had additional allegations of “‘otherwise
     appealable’ actions or non IRA whistleblower retaliation claims.” IAF, Tab 8
     at 4, Tab 9 at 3. In doing so, the appellant included the following:
           a. Since 2012 to May 2015 Appellant was denied the higher grade
              wages (including multiple [quality step increases]) for the higher
              level work she performed as Deputy Director/Foreign Affairs
              Officer, Political Training Division, Foreign Service Institute,
              Department of State, in retaliation for her disclosure activities.
           b. On March 22, 2015 Appellant was denied her Within Grade
              Increase (WGI).
           c. On November 30, 2014 Appellant was demoted from Supervisory
              Foreign Affairs Officer to Foreign Affairs Officer.
     IAF, Tab 8 at 4 (internal citations omitted). The appellant suggested that she
     would present arguments and facts concerning those matt ers at a later date,
     because the administrative judge thus far only had requested that she meet her
     IRA jurisdictional burden.    Id.   To the extent that the appellant intended to
     identify an otherwise appealable action, separate from her IRA appeal,
     the administrative judge failed to address these allegations.
¶7         In the interest of further developing the record, the Office of the Clerk of
     the Board issued a show cause order, instructing the appellant to present
     argument and evidence to explain why the aforeme ntioned matters are otherwise
                                                                                              4

     appealable actions within the Board’s jurisdiction, outside the context of her IRA
     appeal.    PFR File, Tab 4.     The appellant failed to respond.       For the reasons
     described below, we find that the appellant has failed to prove or even
     nonfrivolously allege that the Board has jurisdiction over an otherwise appealable
     action. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.56(b)(2)(i)(A) (recognizing that, with exceptions not
     pertinent here, an appellant must prove jurisdiction by preponderant evidence);
     see also Francis v. Department of the Air Force, 120 M.S.P.R. 138, ¶ 14 (2013)
     (recognizing that an appellant is entitled to a jurisdictional hearing if she presents
     nonfrivolous allegations of Board jurisdiction).
¶8         Under chapter 75, the Board generally has jurisdiction to review an appeal
     from a removal, a suspension of more than 14 days, a reduction in grade or pay,
     or a furlough of 30 days or less.       5 U.S.C. §§ 7512(1)-(5), 7513(d), 7701(a).
     Chapter 75 does not, however, provide for Board jurisdiction over the denial of a
     performance-related award. See 5 U.S.C. § 7512(1)-(5); see also, e.g., Clark v.
     Department of the Air Force, 111 M.S.P.R. 477, ¶ 9 (2009) (recognizing that the
     Board     generally   lacks   jurisdiction   over   an   appeal   of   a   denial   of   a
     performance-related award, such as a quality step increase (QSI)); Riojas v. U.S.
     Postal Service, 88 M.S.P.R. 230, ¶ 7 (2001) (recognizing that a bonus or premium
     pay is not part of basic pay and the loss of or reduction in such pay is not
     appealable to the Board as a reduction in pay). Accordingly, while the first of the
     aforementioned allegations asserts that the appellant was denied higher wages,
     including a QSI, we find that she has failed to prove or nonfrivolousl y allege that
     this was an adverse action appealable under chapter 75.
¶9         The second allegation, concerning the alleged denial of a WGI, also fails.
     With exceptions not pertinent here, the Board only has jurisdiction over
     an employee’s appeal from the agency’s withholding of a within-grade increase if
     the employee sought reconsideration of the agency’s decision to withhold the
     increase and the agency affirmed its initial decision on reconsideration. 5 U.S.C.
     § 5335(c); Goines v. Merit Systems Protection Board, 258 F.3d 1289, 1292 (Fed.
                                                                                          5

      Cir. 2001). The appellant’s bare assertion that she was denied a WGI, without
      any additional information in support of that claim, does not prove or
      nonfrivolously allege that the purported denial of the WGI falls within the
      Board’s limited jurisdiction over such matters.
¶10         The third allegation, concerning a purported demotion, similarly fails. For
      a reassignment to fall within the Board’s adverse action jurisdiction under
      chapter 75, it must result in a reduction in grade or a reduction in pay. Wilson v.
      Merit Systems Protection Board, 807 F.2d 1577, 1580 (1986) (recognizing that
      “[a] reduction in responsibility without a concurrent reduction in grade or pay . . .
      is   not   appealable   to   the   Board”);   Loggins   v.   U.S.   Postal   Service,
      112 M.S.P.R. 471, ¶ 10 (2009) (reaching the same conclusion).           Despite the
      appellant’s assertion that she was demoted from Supervisory Foreign Affairs
      Officer to Foreign Affairs Officer, the evidence she provided demonstrates that
      her grade and salary remained the same. IAF, Tab 3 at 10. Therefore, we find
      that the appellant has failed to prove or nonfrivolously allege that this change in
      position was an appealable adverse action.

      The appellant failed to present nonfrivolous allegations that she made protected
      disclosures.
¶11         We now turn to the issue of whether the Board has jurisdiction over the
      appellant’s allegations as an IRA appeal. Under the Whistleblower Protection
      Enhancement Act of 2012 (WPEA), the Board has jurisdiction over an IRA appeal
      if the appellant has exhausted her administrative remedies before OSC and makes
      nonfrivolous allegations that (1) she made a protected disclosure described under
      5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or engaged in protected activity described under 5 U.S.C.
      § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D), and (2) the disclosure or protected activity
      was a contributing factor in the agency’s decision to take or fail to take , or
      threaten to take or fail to take, a personnel action as defined by 5 U.S.C.
      § 2302(a). Salerno v. Department of the Interior, 123 M.S.P.R. 230, ¶ 5 (2016);
      see 5 C.F.R. § 1201.4(s) (defining a nonfrivolous allegation as an assertion that,
                                                                                             6

      if proven, could establish the matter at issue). The administrative judge found
      that the appellant did not meet this burden. ID at 9-18.
¶12         Among other things, the administrative judge found that the appellant failed
      to present nonfrivolous allegations that any of the disclosures she identified were
      protected.   Compare IAF, Tab 8 at 7-8, with ID at 9-16.             For example, the
      administrative judge noted that while the appellant alleged that she disclosed
      “inappropriate [Human Resources] activities,” she failed to explain who engaged
      in those activities, what the activities were, or why they were inappropriate.
      ID at 10; see Linder v. Department of Justice, 122 M.S.P.R. 14, ¶ 14 (2014)
      (recognizing that a disclosure must be specific and detailed, not a vague
      allegation of wrongdoing). 2
¶13         On review, the appellant reasserts her allegation of whistleblower
      retaliation, generally. PFR File, Tab 1 at 4-5. However, while her petition does
      contain some details about the alleged retaliatory personnel actions, it does not
      contain any substantive argument or evidence concerning the nature of her
      alleged disclosures.    See id.   Having reviewed this and her pleadings below,
      we agree with the administrative judge’s conclusion that the appellant did not

      2
        During the time that followed the initial decision, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
      Federal Circuit explained that “the question of whether the appellant has
      non-frivolously alleged protected disclosures that contributed to a personnel action
      must be determined based on whether the employee alleged sufficient factual matter,
      accepted as true, to state a claim that is plausible on its face.” Hessami v. Merit
      Systems Protection Board, 979 F.3d 1362, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2020). Therefore, “[t]he
      Board may not deny jurisdiction by crediting the agency’s interpretation of the evidence
      as to whether the alleged disclosures fell within the protected categories or whether the
      disclosures were a contributing factor to an adverse personnel action.” Id.
      We recognize that the administrative judge referred to the agency’s arguments
      regarding the question of whether the appellant presented nonfrivolous allegations of a
      protected disclosure. ID at 10, 13-16 (citing IAF, Tabs 11, 13). But his doing so
      appears to be permissible, even under Hessami. The administrative judge merely
      referred to the agency’s arguments to note that the appellant failed to provide the level
      of specificity required regarding her alleged disclosures even after having the
      opportunity to respond to the agency’s arguments about the same. Id.
                                                                                         7

      present nonfrivolous allegations that she made a d isclosure protected by section
      2302(b)(8).

      The appellant nevertheless met her jurisdictional burden regarding at least some
      of her other claims.
¶14         Although the appellant failed to present nonfrivolous allegations of a
      disclosure protected by section 2302(b)(8), that does not end our analysis.
      As mentioned above, an appellant may establish jurisdiction in an IRA appeal
      regarding a protected disclosure described under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
      protected activity described under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
      The administrative judge recognized this additional basis of jurisdiction in the
      jurisdictional   order   but   did   not   consider    whether    the     appellant’s
      allegations implicated such protected activity in the initial decision.    Compare
      IAF, Tab 6 at 3, with ID at 6-7. For the reasons that follow, we find that the
      appellant met her jurisdictional burden for some of her claims pertai ning to
      reprisal for engaging in protected activity, and the administrative judge must
      make new jurisdictional findings regarding some others.

            The appellant nonfrivolously alleged that she engaged in protected activity.
¶15         In addition to the alleged disclosures addressed above, the appellant
      alleged below that she made disclosures to the agency’s OIG on March 30 and
      July 11, 2012. IAF, Tab 8 at 7-8. In addition, she presented six “Claims of
      Whistleblower Retaliation,” which seem to indicate that the appellan t filed claims
      with or otherwise discussed additional allegations of wrongdoing with the OIG
      and OSC from July 2013 to June 2015. Id. at 8-9. The administrative judge erred
      by narrowly construing the appellant’s alleged March and July 2012 disclosures
      as potentially protected under only 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8), ID at 10-16, and by
      failing to address her July 2013 to June 2015 OIG and OSC disclosures. Both
      sets of allegations implicated activity protected under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9).
¶16         Protected activity under section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i) includes “the exercise of
      any appeal, complaint, or grievance right granted by any law, rule, or
                                                                                           8

      regulation . . . with regard to remedying a violation of [section 2302(b)(8)].”
      5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i); Bishop v. Department of Agriculture, 2022 MSPB
      28, ¶ 15. Protected activity under section 2302(b)(9)(C) includes “cooperating
      with or disclosing information to the Inspector General . . . of an agency, or the
      Special Counsel, in accordance with applicable provisions of law.”          5 U.S.C.
      § 2302(b)(9)(C); see Salerno, 123 M.S.P.R. 230, ¶ 12.           This latter provision
      covers an employee’s disclosures to OIG or OSC, even if the disclosure is not
      protected under section 2302(b)(8).         Pridgen v. Office of Management and
      Budget, 2022 MSPB 31, ¶ 62.
¶17         Though not recognized by the administrative judge below, we find that the
      appellant presented nonfrivolous allegations, and even supportive evidence,
      that she   engaged   in   activity   protected   by   section   2302(b)(9)(A)(i)    in
      her communications with OSC and that she engaged in activity protected
      by 2302(b)(9)(C) in her communications with the agency’s OIG.                      The
      appellant included evidence of her contact with OIG, beginning in March 2012,
      IAF, Tab 8 at 11-15, as well as her various correspondence with OSC, which
      began with her July 2013 complaint of reprisal and ended with OSC’s
      October 2015 closeout letter, id. at 16-54.       Therefore, we conclude that the
      appellant met this element of her burden of nonfrivolously alleging that
      she engaged in protected activity.

            The appellant nonfrivolously alleged that her protected activity was a
            contributing factor in at least some of the alleged personnel actions
            against her.
¶18         Having found that the appellant nonfrivolously alleged that she engaged in
      activity protected by sections 2302(b)(9)(A)(i) and (C), we next decide whether
      the appellant nonfrivolously alleged that this activity was a contributing factor in
      the matters she describes as retaliatory.
¶19         To satisfy the contributing factor criterion at the jurisdictional stage of
      an IRA appeal, the appellant only need raise a nonfrivolous allegation that th e
                                                                                           9

      fact of, or the content of, the protected disclosure or activity was one factor that
      tended to affect the personnel action in any way. See Salerno, 123 M.S.P.R. 230,
      ¶ 13 (so stating in the context of alleged protected disclosu res).       One way to
      establish this criterion is the knowledge/timing test, under which an employee
      may nonfrivolously allege that the disclosure or activity wa s a contributing factor
      in a personnel action through circumstantial evidence, such as evidence that the
      official who took the personnel action knew of the disclosure and that the
      personnel action occurred within a period of time such that a reasonable per son
      could conclude that the disclosure was a contributing factor in the personnel
      action. Id. A personnel action taken within 1 to 2 years of an appellant’s activity
      satisfies the timing prong of this test. See id., ¶ 14.
¶20         Throughout, the appellant has been represented, yet her allegations have
      been lengthy, convoluted, and difficult to follow.          PFR File, Tab 1 at 5;
      IAF, Tab 1 at 3, 6, Tab 3 at 4-9, Tab 4 at 4-5. In any event, we have interpreted
      her pleadings in favor of finding jurisdiction over this IRA appeal. See Skarada
      v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2022 MSPB 17, ¶ 6 (stating that any doubt or
      ambiguity as to whether the appellant made nonfrivolous jurisdictional
      allegations should be resolved in favor of finding jurisdiction).       Therefore, we
      have considered the 24 alleged retaliatory personnel actions (actions 1-24) that
      the appellant identified below in response to the administrative judge’s
      jurisdictional order. 3 IAF, Tab 8.
¶21         We have located instances of the appellant asserting that her direct
      supervisor from July 2013 to May 2015, identified here as Supervisor A,
      frequently asked the appellant about her OIG and OSC filings, seeking specific
      details about the same, beginning just after she took over th e position supervising
      the appellant. IAF, Tab 3 at 5, Tab 8 at 26, 48. This allegation suggests that
      Supervisor A had knowledge of at least some of the appellant’s protected activity.
      3
        As we discuss the appellant’s numbered list of alleged retaliatory personnel actions,
      1-24, we are using her numbering for purposes of clarity and ease of r eference.
                                                                                             10

      Turning back to the appellant’s list of 24 alleged personnel actions, some directly
      implicate this individual during the relevant period.             IAF, Tab 8 at 5-7.
      This includes the appellant’s allegation that Supervisor A denied her a QSI in
      January 2014 (action 6), “interfered with course date selections for [the]
      appellant” in February and March 2014 (action 8), left the appellant off emails
      she had historically been copied on throughout 2013 and 2014 while also scolding
      the appellant for directly emailing leadership (action 9), did not include the
      appellant in scheduled meetings throughout 2014 (action 10), assigned the
      appellant a task in July 2014 that others could have done and then criticized the
      appellant about the same (action 13), “disciplined” the appellant in an email for
      not being available to talk after work hours in August 2014 (action 16),
      and “failed” the appellant during her supervisory probationary period in
      September 2014, which led to her losing her supervisory role (actions 17-19).
      Id. at 5-7.   Outside of her list of alleged personnel actions, the appellant’s
      pleadings also blamed Supervisor A for “ongoing harassment, erosion of duties,
      undermining of her supervisory role, denial of higher wages for higher level
      work, [and] a negative mid-year performance review issued on Aug[ust] 1, 2014”
      (action 25). 4 Id. at 8. Each of these alleged actions occurred within the 1 to
      2 years in which the Board has found the knowledge/timing test satisfied.
      See supra ¶ 18.
¶22         Pieced together, we find that the appellant’s assertion that Supervisor A
      probed the appellant about her OIG and OSC filings, IAF, Tab 3 at 5, Tab 8
      at 26, 48, along with her allegations of retaliation that specifically name this
      4
        This allegation is not included in the appellant’s list of 24 alleged personnel actions.
      It is a separate allegation within the same pleading. For the sake of clarity, we are
      nevertheless labeling it “action 25.”
      We recognize that action 25 may very well encompass some of the more specific
      allegations within the appellant’s list of 24 alleged retaliatory actions. But it remains
      relevant to distinguish action 25, since it specifically named Supervisor A as the
      responsible party, while many within the appellant’s list of 24 did not specifically
      identify Supervisor A or any particular official.
                                                                                           11

      supervisor as involved in the period that followed, IAF, Tab 8 at 5-8, constitute
      nonfrivolous allegations that her protected activity was a contributing factor in
      these alleged personnel actions under the knowledge/timing test.
¶23         Piecing together different portions of the appellant’s filings, she has also
      alleged that her OIG complaint led to OIG forcing two agency officials, the FSI
      Executive Office Director and the Director of Human Resources , to recategorize
      the appellant’s position as supervisory, and these same officials then
      unsuccessfully attempted to downgrade her position, in April 2013 (action 4).
      IAF, Tab 3 at 4-5, Tab 8 at 50. 5 For purposes of the nonfrivolous allegation
      standard, we are interpreting the appellant’s assertion that her complaint led to
      OIG forcing these officials to act as further indicating tha t these officials knew
      that the appellant had complained to OIG. See Skarada, 2022 MSPB 17, ¶ 6.
      Therefore, this, too, constitutes nonfrivolous allegations that her protected
      activity was a contributing factor under the knowledge/timing test .

            The appellant nonfrivolously alleged that at least some of the alleged
            personnel actions are covered under the statute.
¶24         Having found that the appellant presented nonfrivolous allegations that
      she engaged in protected activity that was a contributing factor in at least some
      matters (actions 4, 6, 8-10, 13, 16-19, 25), we must now decide whether the
      appellant nonfrivolously alleged that these matters constitute covered personnel
      actions.

      5
        The appellant specifically named these same officials in one other alleged retaliatory
      personnel action, an attempted termination of the appellant’s employment (action 1).
      IAF, Tab 8 at 5. However, the appellant described this as occurring in 2009, which
      predates the appellant’s OIG and OSC activity. For that reason, the appellant’s
      protected activity could not have been a contributing factor in tha t alleged personnel
      action. Davis v. Department of Defense, 106 M.S.P.R. 560, ¶ 12 (2007) (stating that
      because the complained-of personnel action predated the protected disclosure, there was
      no way the disclosure could have contributed to the personnel action), aff’d per curiam,
      278 F. App’x 1009 (Fed. Cir. 2008).
                                                                                       12

¶25         The whistleblower statute specifically lists the types of covered personnel
      actions as including (i) appointments; (ii) promotions; (iii) actions under 5 U.S.C.
      chapter 75 or other disciplinary or corrective actions; (iv) details, transfers, or
      reassignments; (v) reinstatements; (vi) restorations; (vii) reemployments;
      (viii) performance evaluations under 5 U.S.C. chapter 43 or under Title 38;
      (ix) decisions regarding pay, benefits, or awards, or involvin g education or
      training if it reasonably may be expected to lead to an appointment, promotion,
      performance evaluation, or other action described in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(A);
      (x) decisions to order psychiatric testing or examination; (xi) implementations or
      enforcements of any nondisclosure policy, form, or agreement; and (xii) any other
      significant changes in duties, responsibilities, or working conditions. 5 U.S.C.
      § 2302(a)(2)(A); Spivey v. Department of Justice, 2022 MSPB 24, ¶ 6. The Board
      recently acknowledged that the last of these should be interpreted broadly but that
      to constitute a “significant change in duties, responsibilities, or working
      conditions,” the agency action must have practical consequences for the
      employee. Skarada, 2022 MSPB 17, ¶ 15. To amount to a “significant change”
      under section 2302(a)(2)(A)(xii), an agency action must have a sign ificant impact
      on the overall nature or quality of an employee’s working conditions,
      responsibilities, or duties. Id. The Board will consider alleged agency actions
      both collectively and individually in this context. Id., ¶ 16.
¶26         Once again, the appellant’s pleadings are difficult to follow, and many of
      her allegations are conclusory.       Nevertheless, we find that she presented
      nonfrivolous allegations of retaliatory covered personnel actions by alleging that
      the FSI Executive Office Director and the Director of Human Resources
      unsuccessfully attempted to downgrade her position in April 2013 (action 4).
      Supra ¶ 22; IAF, Tab 3 at 4-5, Tab 8 at 50. She also presented nonfrivolous
      allegations of retaliatory covered personnel actions by alleging that Supervisor A
      denied her a QSI in January 2014 (action 6) and failed the appellant as to her
      probationary period in September 2014, which led to the recommendation that she
                                                                                           13

      not be retained in her supervisory position and the subsequent return to her
      former position (actions 17-19). Supra ¶ 21; IAF, Tab 8 at 6-7. The attempt to
      downgrade her position and the denial of a QSI (actions 4 and 6) constituted
      decisions or threatened decisions concerning pay and/or benefits .            5 U.S.C.
      § 2302(a)(2)(A)(ix).    Likewise, actions 17-19, taken together, amounted to a
      reassignment.    5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(A)(iv).       Accordingly, we find that the
      appellant has made nonfrivolous allegations that these actions fall within the
      statutory definition of personnel actions. 6
¶27         For the other matters that the appellant has specifically attributed to
      Supervisor A (actions 8-10, 13, 16, and 25), the appellant has provided little
      explanation about their significance. IAF, Tab 8 at 5-8. Collectively, though, we
      find that they suffice for purposes of a nonfrivolous allegation of a significant
      change in duties, responsibilities, or working conditions.              See Skarada,
      2022 MSPB 17, ¶¶ 17-18 (finding that allegations than an employee was directed
      to stop attending leadership meetings and performing extra duties, and excluded
      from the hiring process of new employees was a nonfrivolous allegation of a
      significant change in duties or responsibilities, as well as concluding that
      additional instances of alleged mistreatment, when considered cumulatively,
      constituted a nonfrivolous allegation of a significant change in working
      conditions).

            The appellant met the exhaustion requirement for the above claims.
¶28         We have found that the appellant presented nonfrivolous allegations that
      she engaged in activity protected under the WPEA and that this activity was a
      contributing factor in at least some covered personnel actions. Therefore, we turn
      to whether the appellant proved that she exhausted these allegations with OSC.

      6
        It is arguable that actions 4, 6, and 17-19 also fall within the definitions of other
      personnel actions in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(A), but because we find that these actions
      are all decisions, or threatened decisions, that concern pay and/or benefits we need not
      determine whether any other subsections in section 2302(a)(2)(A) are applicable.
                                                                                        14

¶29         An appellant may demonstrate exhaustion through her initial OSC
      complaint or correspondence with OSC. Chambers v. Department of Homeland
      Security, 2022 MSPB 8, ¶ 11. She need only show that she advised OSC of the
      “core of [her] retaliation claim,” thus giving “OSC sufficient basis to pursue
      an investigation.”    Briley v. National Archives and Records Administration,
      236 F.3d 1373, 1377-78 (Fed. Cir. 2001); see Chambers, 2022 MSPB 8, ¶ 10
      (explaining that an appellant may give a more detailed account of his
      whistleblowing activities before the Board than he did to OSC (citing Briley,
      236 F.3d at 1378)).
¶30         For the exhaustion element of the appellant’s burden, we have reviewed all
      the correspondence between her and OSC.             IAF, Tab 8 at 16-54.        This
      correspondence includes her repeated invocation of her OIG and OSC complaints
      as the bases for the agency retaliating in various ways. Id. at 17-18, 22, 24-27,
      30, 33, 36-38, 40-42, 48-50. Among them are the appellant’s allegations that the
      agency retaliated by unsuccessfully attempting to downgrade her position in
      April 2013 (action 4), id. at 17-18, 24, 50, denying the QSI in January 2014
      (action 6), id. at 23-24, 29, 53, failing the appellant as to her probationary period
      in or around September 2014, which led to her reassignment to a nonsupervisory
      role (actions 17-19), id. at 38, 49, 52-53, and harassing the appellant in ways that
      are generally consistent with the appellant’s allegations in this appeal about
      harassment or other conspicuous changes to her role (actions 8-10, 13, 16, and
      25), id. at 21-22, 25, 27-28.      We therefore find that the appellant proved
      exhaustion.

      On remand, the administrative judge should make new jurisdictional findings
      regarding the other personnel actions the appellant alleged.
¶31         In the passages above, we found that the appellant met her jurisdictional
      burden for several of the numerous alleged personnel actions she listed below, but
      many more remain. For those that remain, the appellant’s list did not provide a
      detailed or specific explanation regarding the contributing factor criterion.
                                                                                       15

      Instead, she summarily stated that the agency denied her a QSI in February 2013
      (action 2), denied a 5-year contract in February 2013 (action 3), placed her under
      a supervisory probationary period in December 2013 (action 5), asked her to
      make up for absent employees (action 7), denied her another QSI in April 2014
      (action 11), admonished her for failing to provide advanced notice of sick leave
      in July 2014 (action 12), assigned her to run a class with inadequate notice
      (action 14), scolded her for not carrying out an order (action 15), rate d her “not
      successful” for the 2014 rating period (action 20), denied her a WGI
      (actions 21-23), and denied her higher wages throughout 2012-2015 (action 24).
      Id. at 5-7.
¶32         Absent from these are, inter alia, any specific identification of wh o was
      involved in these matters and whether they had knowledge of the appellant’s
      protected activity for purposes of satisfying the contributing factor element under
      the knowledge/timing test. However, in addition to the knowledge/timing test,
      the Board will also consider other evidence, such as evidence pertaining to the
      strength or weakness of the agency’s reasons for taking the personnel action,
      whether the whistleblowing was personally directed at the proposing or deciding
      officials, and whether these individuals had a desire or motive to retaliate against
      the appellant. Dorney v. Department of the Army, 117 M.S.P.R. 480, ¶¶ 15-16
      (2012).
¶33         On remand, the administrative judge should seek clarification from the
      parties regarding these additional alleged personnel actions to determine if the
      appellant has nonfrivolously alleged that her protected activity was a contributing
      factor under the knowledge/timing test or Dorney. To the extent necessary, the
      administrative judge must also determine whether the appellant met the rest of her
      jurisdictional burden for these claims.
                                                                                       16

      On remand, the administrative judge must adjudicate those claims that fall within
      the Board’s jurisdiction.
¶34        In conclusion, the appellant has failed to establish jurisdiction over the
      agency’s various alleged wrongdoings as an otherwise appealable action. The
      appellant also failed to nonfrivolously allege that she made any prote cted
      disclosures.   But the appellant did present nonfrivolous allegations that she
      engaged in protected activity and that this protected activity was a contributing
      factor in at least some personnel actions covered under whistleblower reprisal
      statutes—the attempted downgrade of her position in April 2013 (action 4), the
      denial of a QSI in January 2014 (action 6), the failing of the appellant as to her
      supervisory probationary period, which led to her reassignment (actions 17-19),
      and the appellant’s claim of a significant change in duties, responsibilities, or
      working conditions at the hands of those with knowledge of her protected activity
      (actions 8-10, 13, 16, and 25). The appellant met the exhaustion requirement for
      the same.
¶35        In cases involving multiple alleged disclosures or activities and multiple
      alleged personnel actions, when an appellant makes a nonfrivolous allegation that
      at least one alleged personnel action was taken in reprisal for at least one alleged
      protected disclosure or activity, she establishes Board jurisdiction over her IRA
      appeal. See Peterson v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 116 M.S.P.R. 113, ¶ 8
      (2011).     We therefore find that the appellant established jurisdiction.
      Specifically, the appellant established jurisdiction over actions 4, 6, 17-19, and,
      when considered together, actions 8-10, 13, 16, and 25. The administrative judge
      must adjudicate those claims on the merits. For actions 2-3, 5, 7, 11-12, 14-15,
      and 20-24, the administrative judge must make new jurisdictional findings to
      decide whether those claims will also be adjudicated on the merits . See Thurman
      v. U.S. Postal Service, 2022 MBPB 21, ¶ 22 (recognizing the concept that the
      Board’s administrative judges are in the best position to, among other things,
      develop the record and simplify the issues).
                                                                                   17

                                          ORDER
¶36        For the reasons discussed above, we remand this case to the regional office
      for further adjudication in accordance with this Remand Order.

      FOR THE BOARD:                          /s/ for
                                              Jennifer Everling
                                              Acting Clerk of the Board
      Washington, D.C.