Court Opinion

ID: 4322471
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-10-18 20:00:15.590346+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:19:21.096071
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 _____________

                                      No. 18-1152
                                     _____________

                              KENNETH M. KILPATRICK,
                                                  Appellant

                                             v.

    SECRETARY, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
                          ______________

             APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
               FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
                      (D.C. Civ. Action No. 2-16-cv-01193)
                    District Judge: Honorable John R. Padova
                                 ______________

                      Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                 September 28, 2018
                                  ______________

       Before: AMBRO, CHAGARES, and GREENAWAY, JR., Circuit Judges.

                            (Opinion Filed: October 18, 2018)

                                     ______________

                                        OPINION*
                                     ______________

       *
        This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7
does not constitute binding precedent.
GREENAWAY, JR., Circuit Judge.

       Kenneth M. Kilpatrick appeals from the District Court’s order granting summary

judgment in favor of the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA” or

“the agency”) and its order denying his motion for reconsideration. For the following

reasons, we will affirm.

I.     Factual and Procedural Background

       Kilpatrick began working at the VA Regional Office in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

as an information technology specialist in April 2003. In January 2009, he received a

new work computer. He was informed that he had until February 1st to transfer over his

data, programs, and other tools he used to perform his job duties from the old workstation

to his new workstation. During the process of setting up his new computer, Kilpatrick

without permission used a password reset program to create a new administrator

password and installed a memory chip that he removed from an unused computer.

       A VA system administrator discovered that Kilpatrick had gained administrator

access, and he emailed management about the issue on January 25, 2009.1 Carol Winter,

director of the information technology center (“ITC”) and Kilpatrick’s third-line

supervisor, told the VA information security officer on February 5, 2009 to “conduct [an]

investigation in accordance with the VA directives.” App. 213a. On the same day,

       1
          The administrator account password was changed at least four times, including
after Kilpatrick was warned not to do so.
                                            2
Kilpatrick’s direct and second-line supervisors notified him of the investigation, gave him

a medical information request form,2 seized his work computer, and provided him with a

replacement computer. Kilpatrick’s access to internet and email was revoked on

February 11th as a result of the information security officer finding more evidence of

unauthorized software access. As part of the investigation, Kilpatrick did not dispute

resetting the password to gain administrator privileges or taking the memory chip from

another workstation.

       Meanwhile, on February 17, 2009, Kilpatrick sought Equal Employment

Opportunity (“EEO”) counseling from the VA’s Office of Resolution Management for

discriminatory harassment on the basis of his physical disability and a hostile work

environment. The instances of discrimination or hostile work environment that he

highlighted, including the seizure of his computer, all related to the investigation he first

learned about on February 5th. He identified his second-line supervisor, Terris Farmer,

as an alleged harasser. Winter, who was also Farmer’s direct supervisor, received notice

of Kilpatrick’s EEO request and allegations on February 24, 2009.

       Farmer issued a proposed removal notice to Kilpatrick on April 2, 2009,3 citing

       2
          The medical information request form was based on observations of Kilpatrick,
including an occasion when he “forgot about a work project he worked on for six months,
and was still assigned to work on.” App. 304a. He had “blamed his forgetfulness on
medication.” Id.
       3
          Farmer testified at the arbitration hearing that the delay between the start of the
investigation and the proposed removal notice was a result of the fact that the individuals
involved needed time to consider how to handle the Kilpatrick situation “along with
                                              3
the “removal of, and installation of memory board(s) from an unused PC to [his] PC,” as

well as modification of the administrator’s account password through use of a password

cracking utility. App. 300a. The notice also stated that Kilpatrick’s conduct “is in

violation of VA Directive 6500, VA Rules of Behavior, and ITC Rules of Behavior.” Id.

On May 11, 2009, Kilpatrick responded to the charges, with the assistance of his union

representatives, in an oral presentation to Winter. Kilpatrick “admitted to the charges

that were documented in the proposed removal” and “that he violated the VA policy.”

App. 199a. Kilpatrick did not provide the names of any other employees who either were

engaging in similar conduct or would have additional information.

       On May 28, 2009, Winter decided to terminate Kilpatrick’s employment effective

June 5, 2009. Farmer had no input regarding the final decision. In support of the

termination decision, Winter noted that the incidents around the memory chip and

password reset were a “second violation,” in that at least one year earlier Kilpatrick “used

[remote] access from a hotel and left a laptop computer logged into the VA for many

hours, unattended in a hotel room, with access to the VA.” App. 198a.

       Kilpatrick’s union representative filed, on his behalf, a grievance regarding the

termination decision. The grievance asked the arbitrator to determine whether “the

doing all the other tasks that [they] had to do.” App. 192a. She also testified that the
process was not “routine” to her because she had not dealt with “very many disciplinary
actions . . . in [her] federal career.” SA 134.
       Farmer also testified that she could not recall whether, at the time she issued the
proposed removal notice, she knew that Kilpatrick had contacted an EEOC counselor.
                                             4
penalty of termination [was] unreasonable and/or excessive” and whether the termination

was “motivated by discrimination based upon his prior EEO (equal employment

opportunity) activity.” App. 115a. On the first issue, the arbitrator concluded that the

VA’s “choice of the disciplinary penalty of termination was both excessive and

unreasonable.”4 App. 155a. On the second issue, relevant to this appeal, the arbitrator

stated that “she cannot conclude that management’s true intent was to punish the grievant

for his having contacted an EEO counselor.” App. 156a.

        Kilpatrick then filed a request with the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board

(“MSPB”) for review of the arbitration decision. The MSPB agreed with the arbitrator

that, while there was a due process violation, Kilpatrick “did not prove by preponderant

evidence that the agency retaliated against him based on his meeting with an EEO

counselor.” App. 168a. Kilpatrick sought review of the portion of the MSPB order

pertaining to the retaliation claim before the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission (“EEOC”). The EEOC also concluded that Kilpatrick “did not demonstrate

that any conduct on the part of the [VA] was based on discriminatory animus.” App.

177a.

        In March 2016, Kilpatrick brought this case in the District Court, asking it to

reverse the “decisions of the arbitrator, MSPB and EEOC related to the issue of

        4
         The arbitrator directed the VA “to rescind the termination of the grievant’s
employment and to convert the discipline imposed to a 10-working day suspension
without pay.” App. 157a.
                                              5
discrimination” under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e to -17

(2012). App. 39a. On September 26, 2017, the District Court granted the VA’s motion

for summary judgment on the basis that Kilpatrick failed to demonstrate that he satisfied

a prima facie case of retaliation and, even he had met this burden, he would be unable to

“produce evidence sufficient to establish a genuine issue of material fact regarding

whether Defendant’s purported legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for his termination

was pretextual.”5 App. 27a. The lower court subsequently denied Kilpatrick’s motion to

amend findings of fact and judgment or, in the alternative, motion for reconsideration on

December 5, 2017. Kilpatrick timely appealed from the District Court’s motion for

summary judgment and motion for reconsideration orders. See Fed. R. App. P.

4(a)(1)(B), (a)(4)(A).

II.    Jurisdiction

       The District Court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331 and 5 U.S.C.

§ 7703(b)(2). We have appellate jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

III.   Analysis

       On appeal, Kilpatrick argues the District Court “fail[ed] to adhere to summary

       5
          The District Court’s language refers to an out-of-date version of Rule 56, under
which summary judgment was appropriate “if the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure
materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material
fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)
(amended 2010). In 2010, Rule 56 was revised so that “genuine dispute” replaces
“genuine issue.” See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).
                                             6
judgment principles” in concluding that it was appropriate to enter judgment in favor of

the VA. Appellant’s Br. 2. We review the District Court’s summary judgment ruling de

novo. Faush v. Tuesday Morning, Inc., 808 F.3d 208, 215 (3d Cir. 2015). Summary

judgment is appropriate if, “viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the non-

moving party,” Scheidemantle v. Slippery Rock Univ. State Sys. of Higher Educ., 470
F.3d 535, 538 (3d Cir. 2006), “there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the

movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law,” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); accord Shuker

v. Smith & Nephew, PLC, 885 F.3d 760, 770 (3d Cir. 2018).

       The framework set forth in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792

(1973), governs our analysis of Kilpatrick’s retaliation claim. See Woodson v. Scott

Paper Co., 109 F.3d 913, 920 (3d Cir. 1997). To establish a prima facie case of

retaliation, Kilpatrick “must show (1) that he engaged in a protected activity; (2) that he

was discharged subsequent to or contemporaneously with such activity; and (3) that a

causal link exists between the protected activity and the discharge.”6 Jalil v. Avdel Corp.,

873 F.2d 701, 708 (3d Cir. 1989). If he does so, the burden shifts to the VA to offer a

“legitimate non-retaliatory reason for its conduct.” Carvalho-Grevious, 851 F.3d at 257.

       6
           Although a plaintiff must ultimately show that retaliatory animus was the but-
for cause for the adverse employment action, this Court has held that “a plaintiff alleging
retaliation has a lesser causal burden at the prima facie stage.” Carvalho-Grevious v.
Del. State Univ., 851 F.3d 249, 258–59 (3d Cir. 2017). At that stage, “the plaintiff must
produce evidence ‘sufficient to raise the inference that her protected activity was the
likely reason for the adverse [employment] action.’” Id. (quoting Kachmar v. SunGard
Data Sys., Inc., 109 F.3d 173, 177 (3d Cir. 1997)).
                                              7
If the employer satisfies its burden, Kilpatrick must then “convince the factfinder both

that the employer’s proffered explanation was false [that is, a pretext], and

that retaliation was the real reason for the adverse employment action.” Id. (quoting

Moore v. City of Phila., 461 F.3d 331, 340–41 (3d Cir. 2006)).

       We reach the same conclusion as the District Court that Kilpatrick has not

established a prima facie case of retaliation. His primary hurdle is the requirement to

show that a causal link exists between his EEO counseling request and his termination.

Arguably, there is some degree of temporal proximity, in that the EEO complaint was

made approximately six weeks before the issuance of the proposed removal notice and

over three months before the effective date of termination. This timing, however, is not

“unusually suggestive of retaliatory motive.” Shaner v. Synthes (USA), 204 F.3d 494,

505 (3d Cir. 2000). Compare Jalil, 873 F.2d at 708 (finding a causal link where “the

discharge followed rapidly, only two days later, upon [the employer’s] receipt of notice

of [the plaintiff’s] EEOC claim”), with Thomas v. Town of Hammonton, 351 F.3d 108,

114 (3d Cir. 2003) (stating that where “over three weeks [had] passed between the

complaint and the termination letter,” “the temporal proximity is not so close as to be

unduly suggestive” (quoting Estate of Smith v. Marasco, 318 F.3d 497, 513 (3d Cir.

2003)). This is especially so in light of the fact that Winter had directed an investigation

into Kilpatrick’s conduct twelve days before he (Kilpatrick) filed a request for informal

EEO counseling. See Curay-Cramer v. Ursuline Acad. of Wilmington, Del., Inc., 450

                                              8
F.3d 130, 137 (3d Cir. 2006) (“[A]n employee may not insulate herself from termination

by covering herself with the cloak of Title VII’s opposition protections after committing

non-protected conduct that was the basis for the decision to terminate.”). And there is no

evidence in the record of antagonism or retaliatory animus in the time between the

February 17th complaint and June 5th termination. See Marasco, 318 F.3d at 513.

       Kilpatrick contends that the excessive and unreasonable choice of disciplinary

penalty is “dispositive as to the issue of the existence of triable issues of fact and . . .

compels a finding that summary disposition against Kilpatrick cannot be supported.”

Appellant’s Br. 12. The excessiveness of the action taken, though, does not bolster the

position that the likely reason for it was retaliation. See Keller v. Orix Credit All., Inc.,

130 F.3d 1101, 1109 (3d Cir. 1997) (“The question is not whether the employer made the

best, or even a sound, business decision; it is whether the real reason is [discrimination].”

(quoting Carson v. Bethlehem Steel Corp., 82 F.3d 157, 159 (7th Cir. 1996)). Where

Kilpatrick admitted to violating VA policy and that violation was a sufficient basis for

disciplinary action, retaliation no longer appears to be the likely reason for either the

proposed removal notice or termination. Along those lines, even if Kilpatrick had

satisfied all three prongs of the prima facie case, he has failed to present evidence that the

VA’s legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the adverse action was pretext for

improper animus, particularly where he did not identify any comparators.

                                                9
      On appeal, Kilpatrick also challenges the District Court’s denial of his motion for

reconsideration under Rule 59(e) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See ECF No.

49, at 1. We generally review such decisions for abuse of discretion. Max’s Seafood

Cafe ex rel. Lou-Ann, Inc. v. Quinteros, 176 F.3d 669, 673 (3d Cir. 1999). Kilpatrick,

however, makes no specific argument in his opening brief as to in what manner the

District Court abused its discretion in denying his motion to alter judgment. We

therefore deem it waived. See Long Hao Li v. Att’y Gen., 633 F.3d 136, 140 n.3 (3d Cir.

2011) (concluding that the petitioner waived a claim where he did not make “any separate

arguments concerning that claim or point[] to any evidence that would compel a different

result”). In any event, we discern no reason to reverse the District Court’s December 5,

2017 order.

IV.   Conclusion

      For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the final judgment of the District Court.

                                           10