Court Opinion

ID: 9954075
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-25 18:01:06.016595+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:11:52.597721
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     SUE ELLEN DENT,                                 DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         SF-1221-22-0149-W-2

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS                          DATE: March 22, 2024
       AFFAIRS,
                 Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Christopher D. Vaughn , Esquire, Decatur, Georgia, for the appellant.

           Camille D. Stroughter , Esquire, Oakland, California, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                                Cathy A. Harris, Chairman
                             Raymond A. Limon, Vice Chairman

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The agency has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     granted corrective action in this individual right of action (IRA) appeal.
     Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the following
     circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact;
     the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                        2

     or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative
     judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision were
     not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and
     the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material evidence
     or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not
     available when the record closed. Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations,
     section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this
     appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not established any basis under section
     1201.115 for granting the petition for review. Therefore, we DENY the petition
     for review.   Except as expressly MODIFIED (1) to clarify the scope of the
     Board’s jurisdiction in this matter, (2) to supplement the administrative judge’s
     analysis of the knowledge/timing test, and (3) to supplement the administrative
     judge’s analysis of the second Carr factor, we AFFIRM the initial decision.

                                      BACKGROUND
¶2         On December 29, 2021, the appellant filed an IRA appeal with the Board
     alleging, among other things, that the agency had removed her from her position
     as a Social Worker during her probationary period because she had made
     protected disclosures. Dent v. Department of Veterans Affairs, MSPB Docket No.
     SF-1221-22-0149-W-1, Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 1 at 6-7, 31-32, Tab 8
     at 121. With her initial appeal form, the appellant provided an October 29, 2021
     close-out letter from the Office of Special Counsel (OSC). IAF, Tab 1 at 27-28.
     Although the appellant initially requested a hearing on the matter, she
     subsequently withdrew her request.     Id. at 2; Dent v. Department of Veterans
     Affairs, MSPB Docket No. SF-1221-22-0149-W-2, Appeal File (I -2 AF), Tab 12
     at 4-5.
¶3         Based on the written record, the administrative judge issued an initial
     decision granting the appellant’s request for corrective action. I-2 AF, Tab 31,
     Initial Decision (ID) at 1, 26. In so doing, the administrative judge explained that
                                                                                          3

the appellant had identified five alleged protected disclosures; however, she had
only shown by preponderant evidence that she had made two protected
disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8), i.e., disclosures 1 and 4. 2 ID at 3-15.
Regarding disclosure 1, the administrative judge found that the appellant had
shown that, between November 6, 2019, and December 19, 2019, she made a
series of disclosures regarding the agency’s improper storage of veterans’
personal health information in an unrestricted folder maintained on a shared
network. ID at 4-11. Regarding disclosure 4, the administrative judge found that
the appellant had shown by preponderant evidence that, on February 6-7, 2020,
she disclosed to agency management personnel the aforementioned privacy
concerns, as well as, among other things, the fact that she had been subjected to
harassment. ID at 11-13. The administrative judge concluded that the appellant
had shown that disclosures 1 and 4 were a contributing factor in her probationary
termination. ID at 15-20. Via footnote, the administrative judge acknowledged
that the appellant had also alleged that she had been subjected to a hostile
working environment, which could amount to a significant change in working
conditions and, therefore, a covered personnel action; however, he found that the
appellant had failed to prove this personnel action. ID at 15 n.6. He thereafter
found that the agency failed to show by clear and convincing evidence that it
would have removed the appellant absent her protected disclosures. ID at 20-26.
2
  By analyzing the merits of the five alleged disclosures identified by the appellant,
IAF, Tab 9 at 4, Tab 11 at 1, the administrative judge implicitly found that the Board
has jurisdiction over the same, ID at 4-15. Similarly, the administrative judge
implicitly found that the Board has jurisdiction over the two alleged personnel actions
in this matter, i.e., the appellant’s probationary termination and her allegation of a
significant change in working conditions. IAF, Tab 5 at 7, Tab 11 at 1; ID at 15 & n.6;
see 5 U.S.C. §§ 2302(a)(2)(A)(iii), (xii). We modify the initial decision to explicitly
find that the Board has jurisdiction over all of these issues and to find that the appellant
exhausted her claims with OSC. IAF, Tab 1 at 27-28, Tab 5 at 33-71; see Chambers v.
Department of Homeland Security, 2022 MSPB 8, ¶¶ 10-11 (explaining the
requirements of exhaustion); see also MaGowan v. Environmental Protection Agency,
119 M.S.P.R. 9, ¶ 5 (2012) (explaining that, in an IRA appeal, the standard for
establishing jurisdiction is a nonfrivolous claim, whereas the standard for establishing a
prima facie case on the merits is preponderant evidence).
                                                                                                4

     The administrative judge ordered both interim relief and corrective action. ID
     at 26-28.
¶4         The agency has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, the
     appellant has filed a response, and the agency has filed a reply.              Petition for
     Review (PFR) File, Tabs 1, 5-6. In the petition and reply, the agency argues the
     following:    (1) the administrative judge erred in assessing witness credibility;
     (2) the appellant failed to prove that her disclosures contributed to her removal;
     and (3) the agency showed by clear and convincing evidence that it would have
     removed the appellant absent her disclosures. PFR File, Tab 1 at 4-10, Tab 6
     at 4-9.
¶5         Additionally, the appellant has challenged the agency’s certification of
     compliance with the interim relief order, and the agency has responded to this
     challenge. PFR File, Tab 3 at 4-7, Tab 4 at 4-7.

                       DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶6         Under the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012, an
     appellant may establish a prima facie case of retaliation for whistleblowing
     disclosures and/or protected activity by proving by preponderant evidence 3 that
     (1) she made a disclosure described under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or engaged in
     protected activity described under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D),
     and (2) the whistleblowing disclosure or protected activity was a contributing
     factor in the agency’s decision to take a personnel action against her. 5 U.S.C.
     § 1221(e)(1); Webb v. Department of the Interior, 122 M.S.P.R. 248, ¶ 6 (2015).
¶7         If the appellant makes out a prima facie case, the agency is given an
     opportunity to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, 4 that it would have taken

     3
       Preponderant evidence is the degree of relevant evidence that a reasonable person,
     considering the record as a whole, would accept as sufficient to find that a contested
     fact is more likely to be true than untrue. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.4(q).
     4
       Clear and convincing evidence is that measure or degree of proof that produces in the
     mind of the trier of fact a firm belief as to the allegations sought to be established. It is
     a higher standard than preponderant evidence. 5 C.F.R. § 1209.4(e).
                                                                                         5

     the same personnel action in the absence of the protected disclosure or activity.
     5 U.S.C. § 1221(e)(1)-(2); Webb, 122 M.S.P.R. 248, ¶ 6. In determining whether
     an agency has met this burden, the Board will consider the following factors:
     (1) the strength of the agency’s evidence in support of its action; (2) the existence
     and strength of any motive to retaliate on the part of the agency officials who
     were involved in the decision; and (3) any evidence that the agency takes similar
     actions against employees who are not whistleblowers but who are otherwise
     similarly situated. Carr v. Social Security Administration, 185 F.3d 1318, 1323
     (Fed. Cir. 1999). The Board does not view these factors as discrete elements,
     each of which the agency must prove by clear and convincing evidence, but
     rather, the Board will weigh the factors together to determine whether the
     evidence is clear and convincing as a whole.            Phillips v. Department of
     Transportation, 113 M.S.P.R. 73, ¶ 11 (2010). In addition, the Board is mindful
     that “[e]vidence only clearly and convincingly supports a conclusion when it does
     so in the aggregate considering all the pertinent evidence in the record, and
     despite the evidence that fairly detracts from that conclusion.”        Whitmore v.
     Department of Labor, 680 F.3d 1353, 1368 (Fed. Cir. 2012).

     The appellant’s motion to dismiss for noncompliance with the administrative
     judge’s interim relief order is denied as moot.
¶8         The appellant challenges the agency’s certification of compliance with the
     interim relief order and requests that the Board dismiss the agency’s petition for
     review.   PFR File, Tab 3 at 4-7.     She contends, among other things, that the
     agency (1) failed to provide sworn statements and (2) merely indicated that it
     would take certain actions but did not actually complete these actions prior to
     submitting the certification.   Id.   Because we deny the agency’s petition for
     review, the issuance of our Final Order renders moot any dispute concerning the
     agency’s compliance with the interim relief order; accordingly, we deny the
     appellant’s motion as moot. See Guillebeau v. Department of the Navy, 362 F.3d
     1329, 1332-33 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (explaining that the Board has discretion in
                                                                                          6

      deciding whether to dismiss a petition for review for failure to comply with an
      interim relief order); see also Elder v. Department of the Air Force, 124 M.S.P.R.
      12, ¶ 20 (2016) (concluding that the Board’s issuance of a final decision rendered
      moot the parties’ dispute concerning the agency’s compliance with the interim
      relief order).
¶9          If the appellant believes that the agency is in noncompliance with the
      Board’s Final Order, she may file a petition for enforcement in accordance with
      the instructions provided below. See Elder, 124 M.S.P.R. 12, ¶ 20.

      The agency’s assertions regarding the administrative judge’s witness credibility
      determinations do not compel a different outcome.
¶10         The agency argues that the administrative judge erred in analyzing witness
      credibility. PFR File, Tab 1 at 5-7, Tab 6 at 4-7. To this end, the agency asserts
      the following: (1) the administrative judge erred in assessing the credibility of
      agency employee H.F.; (2) the administrative judge did not sufficiently analyze
      the credibility of each witness; and (3) the administrative judge’s credibility
      determinations are not entitled to deference because the matter was decided based
      on the written record.    PFR File, Tab 1 at 5-7, Tab 6 at 4-7.       We find these
      assertions unavailing.
¶11         The agency asserts that the administrative judge found agency witness H.F.
      not to be credible “simply because [H.F.] could not initially recall” how she had
      stored data relevant to disclosure 1, but later refreshed her recollection. PFR File,
      Tab 1 at 6. Contrary to the agency’s assertion, however, the administrative judge
      identified several reasons why he found H.F.’s version of events to be less
      credible than the appellant’s version of events.        ID at 6-9.    The agency’s
      disagreement with the administrative judge’s reasoned credibility determination
      and any factual findings stemming therefrom does not provide a basis to disturb
      the initial decision. See Crosby v. U.S. Postal Service, 74 M.S.P.R. 98, 105-06
      (1997) (finding no reason to disturb the administrative judge’s findings when she
      considered the evidence as a whole, drew appropriate inferences, and made
                                                                                         7

      reasoned conclusions); Broughton v. Department of Health and Human Services,
      33 M.S.P.R. 357, 359 (1987) (same).
¶12        The agency generally contends that the administrative judge failed to
      provide an “in-depth” assessment of the credibility of each agency witness and
      that his erroneous assessment of H.F.’s credibility “had a poisonous and
      deleterious effect” that “bled into” his assessments of the other agency witnesses.
      PFR File, Tab 1 at 5-7, Tab 6 at 5.      It asserts that the administrative judge’s
      assessments of the credibility of agency witnesses “were unexplained other than
      an outright adoption of the same bias held against [H.F.].” PFR File, Tab 6 at 5.
      We disagree and find that the administrative judge’s credibility determinations
      were appropriately based on the factors set forth in Hillen v. Department of the
      Army, 35 M.S.P.R. 453, 458 (1987). E.g., ID at 22-24. To the extent the agency
      asserts that the administrative judge’s credibility determinations are indicative of
      bias against the agency, PFR File, Tab 6 at 5, we disagree, see Vaughn v.
      Department of the Treasury, 119 M.S.P.R. 605, ¶ 18 (2013) (explaining that there
      is a presumption of honesty and integrity on the part of administrative judges that
      can only be overcome by a substantial showing of personal bias and that the
      Board will not infer bias based on an administrative judge’s case -related rulings).
¶13        Lastly, the agency contends that the administrative judge’s credibility
      determinations are not entitled to deference and should be given a “heightened
      degree of scrutiny” because the matter was decided based on the written record.
      PFR File, Tab 6 at 5-6. When no hearing is held and the administrative judge’s
      findings are based solely on the written record, the Board will give those findings
      only the weight warranted by the record and the strength of his conclusions. See
      Donato v. Department of Defense, 34 M.S.P.R. 385, 389 (1987). Here, however,
      the agency has not identified any error with the administrative judge’s credibility
      determinations or otherwise provided a basis to disturb any of his findings
                                                                                          8

      stemming therefrom; thus, regardless of the degree of deference given, a different
      outcome is not warranted. 5

      The agency does not provide a basis to disturb the administrative judge’s
      conclusion that the appellant proved that her protected disclosures contributed to
      her removal.
¶14        The agency argues that the appellant failed to show that her disclosures
      contributed to her removal. PFR File, Tab 1 at 7-8. In this regard, the agency
      acknowledges that the decision to remove the appellant was based on several
      reports of conduct filed by agency employees regarding the appellant; however, it
      avers that the majority of these reports were drafted by nonsupervisory agency
      personnel “who were not privy to [the appellant’s] protected disclosures.”         Id.
      The agency also asserts that the knowledge/timing test “works best when the
      ‘knowledgeable’ deciding official can be said to be influenced by the recent
      protected disclosures.” Id. at 8. We find these assertions unpersuasive.
¶15        An appellant’s protected activity is a contributing factor if it in any way
      affects an agency’s decision to take, or fail to take, a personnel action.
      See Dorney v. Department of the Army, 117 M.S.P.R. 480, ¶ 14 (2012). One way
      to establish contributing factor is the knowledge/timing test.           Wadhwa v.
      Department of Veterans Affairs, 110 M.S.P.R. 615, ¶ 12, aff’d, 353 F. App’x 435
      (Fed. Cir. 2009). Under this test, an appellant can prove the contributing factor
      element through evidence showing that the official taking the personnel action
      knew of her protected activity and that the personnel action occurred within a
      period of time such that a reasonable person could conclude that the activity was
      a contributing factor in the personnel action. Id.
¶16        Actual knowledge on part of the deciding official, however, is not the only
      manner by which an appellant may satisfy the knowledge/timing test. Indeed, an

      5
        To the extent the agency argues that it was improper for the administrative judge to
      decide the matter without holding a hearing, PFR File, Tab 1 at 7, the agency’s
      argument is unavailing, see Thomas v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 51 M.S.P.R.
      218, 220 (1991) (explaining that an agency has no statutory right to a hearing).
                                                                                             9

      appellant also may satisfy the knowledge prong of the knowledge/timing test by
      proving that the official taking the action had constructive knowledge of the
      protected disclosure, even if the official lacked actual knowledge.           Nasuti v.
      Department of State, 120 M.S.P.R. 588, ¶ 7 (2014). An appellant may establish
      constructive knowledge by showing that an individual with actual or constructive
      knowledge of the disclosure influenced the official accused of taking the
      retaliatory action.    See Karnes v. Department of Justice, 2023 MSPB 12,
      ¶¶ 19-20. Indeed, in an IRA appeal, the party before the Board is the agency, not
      its individual officials, and lack of knowledge by a particular official is not
      dispositive. Nasuti, 120 M.S.P.R. 588, ¶ 7.
¶17         Here, the agency’s assertions do not provide a basis to disturb the
      administrative judge’s conclusion that the appellant satisfied the knowledge prong
      of the knowledge/timing test. ID at 15-20. For example, the record supports his
      findings that agency employees H.F., T.S., and A.I. all (1) had actual knowledge
      that the appellant made disclosure 1; (2) had constructive knowledge that the
      appellant made disclosure 4; and (3) filed reports of contact that were critical of
      the appellant, many of which the agency admittedly relied on in deciding to
      terminate the appellant during her probationary period. 6 ID at 16-20. In other
      words, the record supports the administrative judge’s implicit conclusion that the
      deciding officials had constructive knowledge of the appellant’s protected
      disclosures. Id. To the extent the agency challenges any of the administrative
      judge’s specific findings in this regard, PFR File, Tab 1 at 7-8, its vague
      6
        The probationary termination letter explained that the agency’s Chief of Social Work
      Service, K.S., had recommended the appellant’s termination. I -2 AF, Tab 18 at 77-78,
      Tab 28 at 29. In making this recommendation, K.S. relied on an evidence file that she
      had been provided. E.g., I-2 AF, Tab 28 at 30-31. This file contained 10 reports of
      contact critical of the appellant, 9 of which were submitted by H.F., T.S., or A.I., who,
      as indicated, had actual or constructive knowledge of both disclosures. PFR File, Tab 1
      at 4; ID at 16, 18, 21-22; IAF, Tab 8 at 13-14, 74-93; I-2 AF, Tab 28 at 31. The
      remaining report on which K.S. admittedly relied was written by agency employee J.B.,
      who had been instructed to complete the report by N.B. ID at 24-25; IAF, Tab 8 at 86.
      The agency does not challenge the administrative judge’s conclusion that N.B. had
      actual knowledge of disclosure 4. ID at 17.
                                                                                           10

      assertions do not warrant a different outcome, see Tines v. Department of the Air
      Force, 56 M.S.P.R. 90, 92 (1992) (explaining that a petition for review must
      contain sufficient specificity to enable the Board to ascertain whether there is a
      serious evidentiary challenge); see also 5 C.F.R. § 1201.115(a)(2).          Thus, we
      discern no basis to disturb the administrative judge’s conclusion that the appellant
      satisfied the knowledge prong of the knowledge/timing test.
¶18         Insofar as it is undisputed that the appellant worked at the agency for less
      than 1 year, we supplement the initial decision to explicitly find that the appellant
      also satisfied the timing prong of the knowledge/timing test. IAF, Tab 8 at 20,
      121; see Mastrullo v. Department of Labor, 123 M.S.P.R. 110, ¶ 21 (2015)
      (explaining that the Board has held that a personnel action taken within
      approximately    1   to   2    years   of   a   protected   disclosure   satisfies   the
      knowledge/timing test).       Accordingly, we find that the appellant satisfied the
      knowledge/timing test and, therefore, proved that her protected disclosures were a
      contributing factor in her probationary termination.

      We discern no basis to disturb the administrative judge’s conclusion that the
      agency failed to show by clear and convincing evidence that it would have
      removed the appellant absent her protected disclosures.
¶19         The agency argues that it satisfied its burden of showing by clear and
      convincing evidence that it would have removed the appellant from her position
      absent her protected disclosures. PFR File, Tab 1 at 8-9. In this regard, the
      agency challenges the administrative judge’s analysis of the three Carr factors.
      Id. We find the agency’s arguments in this regard unpersuasive.

      The agency’s assertions regarding the first Carr factor are unavailing.
¶20         The agency challenges the administrative judge’s analysis of the first Carr
      factor, i.e., the strength of the agency’s evidence in support of its removal action,
      by asserting that it presented “unequivocal” evidence in support of its termination
      action, i.e., the reports of contact. Id. at 8. We find this challenge unavailing.
                                                                                      11

¶21        Here, the administrative judge fully considered the reports of contact relied
      on by the agency to terminate the appellant, but reasoned, among other things,
      that many of the reports were uncorroborated, petty, subjective, or confounding.
      ID at 22-23.     For example, he reasoned that some of the reports included
      subjective assessments of the appellant’s tone and mannerisms, to include stating
      that she had a “flat affect.” ID at 23. The administrative judge also reasoned
      that, although the appellant had submitted detailed responses to the reports of
      contact that cast doubts on the credibility of statements made therein, the agency
      had provided “exceedingly little” to rebut the appellant’s responses. ID at 25. In
      other words, the administrative judge fully considered the reports relied on by the
      agency but found that the overwhelming majority of these reports did not credibly
      support the agency’s claimed concerns regarding the appellant’s workplace
      conduct.      The agency’s general disagreement with this reasoned finding is
      unavailing.     See Tines, 56 M.S.P.R. at 92.   Accordingly, the agency has not
      presented a basis to disturb the administrative judge’s conclusion that the
      agency’s evidence in support of the appellant’s probationary termination was
      “quite weak.” ID at 26. Thus, the first Carr factor weighed against the agency.
      See Smith v. Department of the Army, 2022 MSPB 4, ¶¶ 23-26, 31 (reasoning that
      the evidentiary record did not support the agency’s proffered explanation for its
      decision not to select the appellant for a position, and, therefore, the first Carr
      factor weighed against the agency).

      The agency’s assertions regarding the second Carr factor do not compel a
      different outcome.
¶22        Regarding the second Carr factor, i.e., the existence and strength of any
      motive to retaliate on the part of the agency officials who were involved in the
      decision, the agency contends that agency officials were not motivated to retaliate
      against the appellant because her disclosures concerned “less than egregious
      incidents” and “relatively minor infractions and violations” that would not have
      negatively impacted agency management beyond corrective action such as the
                                                                                           12

      direction of “a more secured storage of veteran patient data, as well as an
      investigation to determine if the [a]ppellant’s harassment claims were viable.”
      PFR File, Tab 1 at 8-9, Tab 6 at 8.
¶23         Here, the evidentiary record supports the administrative judge’s finding that
      agency officials indirectly involved in the appellant’s termination had strong
      motives to retaliate against her; indeed, the appellant’s disclosures reflected
      poorly on these employees. ID at 26; see Mangano v. Department of Veterans
      Affairs, 109 M.S.P.R. 658, ¶ 30 (2008) (explaining that the officials “involved” in
      the action may encompass officials upon whom the proposing or deciding official
      relied for information). Additionally, we supplement the administrative judge’s
      analysis to find that the agency managerial personnel indirectly involved in the
      appellant’s termination also likely harbored retaliatory motives because the
      appellant’s   disclosures   reflected   negatively   on   them   as      managers   and
      representatives of the agency’s general institutional interests. To this end, the
      appellant’s disclosures concerned, among other things, the improper storage of
      the data of approximately 100 veteran patients.       ID at 4.    This data included
      veterans’ full names, addresses, social security numbers, birthdates, phone
      numbers, emails, employment information, income, medical diagnoses, and
      treatment histories. Id. The improper storage of this private information reflects
      poorly on the agency; thus, the disclosure thereof may well have generally
      impugned the reputation of agency management resulting in professional
      retaliatory motives. See Robinson v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 923 F.3d
      1004, 1019 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (explaining that those responsible for the agency’s
      overall performance may well be motivated to retaliate, even if they are not
      directly implicated by the disclosures, as the criticism reflects on them in their
      capacities as managers and employees); see also Chambers v. Department of the
      Interior, 116 M.S.P.R. 17, ¶ 69 (2011) (finding that agency managers had a
      motive to retaliate because the appellant’s disclosures reflected on them as
      representatives of the general institutional interests of the agency).
                                                                                           13

      The agency’s assertions regarding the third Carr factor are unpersuasive.
¶24         Lastly, regarding the third Carr factor, i.e., any evidence that the agency
      takes similar actions against employees who are not whistleblowers but who are
      otherwise similarly situated, the agency asserts that “[w]ith an employee in a
      permanent career-conditional appointment, policy dictates this showing must be
      made [but for a probationary employee] less of a showing need be made because
      one’s continued employment is tied to the successful completion of the
      probationary period.” 7 PFR File, Tab 1 at 9. We interpret this assertion as an
      argument that the third Carr factor is inapplicable to this appeal because the
      appellant was a probationary employee at the time of her removal.                  This
      argument, however, is misplaced. See, e.g., Chavez v. Department of Veterans
      Affairs, 120 M.S.P.R. 285, ¶ 34 (2013) (considering whether two probationary
      employees were similarly situated for purposes of the third Carr factor). In any
      event, the administrative judge implicitly found that the third Carr factor was
      effectively removed from consideration because no evidence regarding valid
      comparators had been presented. ID at 26 & n.11; see Soto v. Department of
      Veterans Affairs, 2022 MSPB 6, ¶ 18 (explaining that, because the agency bears
      the burden of proof, when it fails to introduce relevant comparator evidence, the
      third Carr factor is effectively removed from consideration and cannot weigh in
      the agency’s favor).

      7
        The agency also asserts that “probationers can be terminated for any perceived
      deficiency in performance or conduct.” PFR File, Tab 6 at 7. Although a probationary
      employee such as the appellant is afforded fewer procedural protections than a tenured
      employee, such an employee is protected from whistleblower retaliation. See Baggan v.
      Department of State, 109 M.S.P.R. 572, ¶¶ 9-10 (2008) (explaining that, even when the
      Board lacks direct jurisdiction over the termination of a probationary employee, an
      appellant may request review in an IRA appeal). Accordingly, regardless of the
      appellant’s probationary status, it remained the agency’s burden to prove, under the
      clear and convincing standard, that it would have terminated her in the absence of her
      protected disclosures. See Hugenberg v. Department of Commerce, 120 M.S.P.R. 381,
      ¶ 19 n.4 (2013) (clarifying that, when the appellant is a probationary employee, the
      evidentiary burden on the agency with respect to a whistleblower retaliation claim is no
      less than when the appellant is a tenured employee).
                                                                                        14

¶25         Thus, we discern no basis to disturb the administrative judge’s conclusion
      that the agency failed to show by clear and convincing evidence that it would
      have removed the appellant absent her disclosures.
¶26         Accordingly, we affirm the initial decision as modified.

                                             ORDER
¶27         We ORDER the agency to cancel the appellant’s termination and to restore
      the appellant effective May 1, 2020. See Kerr v. National Endowment for the
      Arts, 726 F.2d 730 (Fed. Cir. 1984). The agency must complete this action no
      later than 20 days after the date of this decision.
¶28         We also ORDER the agency to pay the appellant the correct amount of back
      pay, interest on back pay, and other benefits under the Office of Personnel
      Management’s regulations, no later than 60 calendar days after the date of this
      decision. We ORDER the appellant to cooperate in good faith in the agency’s
      efforts to calculate the amount of back pay, interest, and benefits due, and to
      provide all necessary information the agency requests to help it carry out the
      Board’s Order. If there is a dispute about the amount of back pay, interest due,
      and/or other benefits, we ORDER the agency to pay the appellant the undisputed
      amount no later than 60 calendar days after the date of this decision.
¶29         We further ORDER the agency to tell the appellant promptly in writing
      when it believes it has fully carried out the Board’s Order and of the actions it has
      taken to carry out the Board’s Order. The appellant, if not notified, should ask
      the agency about its progress. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.181(b).
¶30         No later than 30 days after the agency tells the appellant that it has fully
      carried out the Board’s Order, the appellant may file a petition for enforcement
      with the office that issued the initial decision on this appeal if the appellant
      believes that the agency did not fully carry out the Board’s Order. The petition
      should contain specific reasons why the appellant believes that the agency has not
                                                                                     15

      fully carried out the Board’s Order, and should include the dates and results of
      any communications with the agency. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.182(a).
¶31        For agencies whose payroll is administered by either the National Finance
      Center of the Department of Agriculture (NFC) or the Defense Finance and
      Accounting Service (DFAS), two lists of the information and documentation
      necessary to process payments and adjustments resulting from a Board decision
      are attached. The agency is ORDERED to timely provide DFAS or NFC with all
      documentation necessary to process payments and adjustments resulting from the
      Board’s decision in accordance with the attached lists so that payment can be
      made within the 60-day period set forth above.

                      NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                            YOUR RIGHT TO REQUEST
                           ATTORNEY FEES AND COSTS
            You may be entitled to be paid by the agency for your reasonable attorney
      fees and costs. To be paid, you must meet the requirements set forth at Title 5 of
      the United States Code (5 U.S.C.), sections 7701(g), 1221(g), or 1214(g). The
      regulations may be found at 5 C.F.R. §§ 1201.201, 1201.202, and 1201.203. If
      you believe you meet these requirements, you must file a motion for attorney fees
      and costs WITHIN 60 CALENDAR DAYS OF THE DATE OF THIS DECISION.
      You must file your motion for attorney fees and costs with the office that issued
      the initial decision on your appeal.

                   NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
               YOUR RIGHT TO REQUEST CONSEQUENTIAL AND/OR
                         COMPENSATORY DAMAGES
            You may be entitled to be paid by the agency for your consequential
      damages, including medical costs incurred, travel expenses, and any other
      reasonable and foreseeable consequential damages. To be paid, you must meet
      the requirements set out at 5 U.S.C. §§ 1214(g) or 1221(g). The regulations may
      be found at 5 C.F.R. §§ 1201.201, 1201.202, and 1201.204.
                                                                                     16

      In addition, the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012
authorized the award of compensatory damages including interest, reasonable
expert witness fees, and costs, 5 U.S.C. § 1214(g)(2), which you may be entitled
to receive.
      If you believe you are entitled to these damages, you must file a motion for
consequential damages and/or compensatory damages WITHIN 60 CALENDAR
DAYS OF THE DATE OF THIS DECISION. You must file your motion with the
office that issued the initial decision on your appeal.

                           NOTICE TO THE PARTIES
      A copy of the decision will be referred to the Special Counsel “to
investigate and take appropriate action under [5 U.S.C.] section 1215,” based on
the determination that “there is reason to believe that a current employee may
have committed a prohibited personnel practice” under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D). 5 U.S.C. § 1221(f)(3). Please note that
while any Special Counsel investigation related to this decision is pending, “no
disciplinary action shall be taken against any employee for any alleged prohibited
activity under investigation or for any related activity without the approval of the
Special Counsel.” 5 U.S.C. § 1214(f).

                         NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 8
      The initial decision, as supplemented by this Final Order, constitutes the
Board’s final decision in this matter.      5 C.F.R. § 1201.113.      You may obtain
review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By statute, the nature of
your claims determines the time limit for seeking such review and the appropriate
forum with which to file. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b). Although we offer the following
summary of available appeal rights, the Merit Systems Protection Board does not
provide legal advice on which option is most appropriate for your situation and
8
  Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                      17

the rights described below do not represent a statement of how courts will rule
regarding which cases fall within their jurisdiction. If you wish to seek review of
this final decision, you should immediately review the law applicable to your
claims and carefully follow all filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file
within the applicable time limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your
chosen forum.
      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions
about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general . As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit   your   petition   to   the   court    at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
                                                                                   18

for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or   EEOC     review   of   cases     involving   a   claim   of
discrimination . This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims —by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court ( not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.     5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. 420 (2017). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the district court no later than 30 calendar days after your representative
receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of discrimination based on
race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling condition, you may be
entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and to waiver of any
requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security.           See 42 U.S.C.
§ 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx .
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues . 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
                                                                                     19

with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                  P.O. Box 77960
                             Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant     to   the    Whistleblower      Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012 . This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section
2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i),
(B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either with the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 9   The court of appeals must receive your petition for

9
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115-195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                                20

review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.          5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                             U.S. Court of Appeals
                             for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                            Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx .

FOR THE BOARD:                        ______________________________
                                      Gina K. Grippando
                                      Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.
                                 DEFENSE FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING SERVICE
                                           Civilian Pay Operations

                          DFAS BACK PAY CHECKLIST
The following documentation is required by DFAS Civilian Pay to compute and pay back pay
pursuant to 5 CFR § 550.805. Human resources/local payroll offices should use the following
checklist to ensure a request for payment of back pay is complete. Missing documentation may
substantially delay the processing of a back pay award. More information may be found at:
https://wss.apan.org/public/DFASPayroll/Back%20Pay%20Process/Forms/AllItems.aspx.

NOTE: Attorneys’ fees or other non-wage payments (such as damages) are paid by
vendor pay, not DFAS Civilian Pay.

☐ 1) Submit a “SETTLEMENT INQUIRY - Submission” Remedy Ticket. Please identify the
       specific dates of the back pay period within the ticket comments.

Attach the following documentation to the Remedy Ticket, or provide a statement in the ticket
comments as to why the documentation is not applicable:

☐ 2) Settlement agreement, administrative determination, arbitrator award, or order.

☐ 3) Signed and completed “Employee Statement Relative to Back Pay”.

☐ 4) All required SF50s (new, corrected, or canceled). ***Do not process online SF50s
       until notified to do so by DFAS Civilian Pay.***

☐ 5) Certified timecards/corrected timecards. ***Do not process online timecards until
       notified to do so by DFAS Civilian Pay.***

☐ 6) All relevant benefit election forms (e.g. TSP, FEHB, etc.).

☐ 7) Outside earnings documentation. Include record of all amounts earned by the employee
       in a job undertaken during the back pay period to replace federal employment.
       Documentation includes W-2 or 1099 statements, payroll documents/records, etc. Also,
       include record of any unemployment earning statements, workers’ compensation,
       CSRS/FERS retirement annuity payments, refunds of CSRS/FERS employee premiums,
       or severance pay received by the employee upon separation.

Lump Sum Leave Payment Debts: When a separation is later reversed, there is no authority
under 5 U.S.C. § 5551 for the reinstated employee to keep the lump sum annual leave payment
they may have received. The payroll office must collect the debt from the back pay award. The
annual leave will be restored to the employee. Annual leave that exceeds the annual leave
ceiling will be restored to a separate leave account pursuant to 5 CFR § 550.805(g).
NATIONAL FINANCE CENTER CHECKLIST FOR BACK PAY CASES
Below is the information/documentation required by National Finance Center to process
payments/adjustments agreed on in Back Pay Cases (settlements, restorations) or as ordered by
the Merit Systems Protection Board, EEOC, and courts.
1. Initiate and submit AD-343 (Payroll/Action Request) with clear and concise information
   describing what to do in accordance with decision.
2. The following information must be included on AD-343 for Restoration:
       a.   Employee name and social security number.
       b.   Detailed explanation of request.
       c.   Valid agency accounting.
       d.   Authorized signature (Table 63).
       e.   If interest is to be included.
       f.   Check mailing address.
       g.   Indicate if case is prior to conversion. Computations must be attached.
       h.   Indicate the amount of Severance and Lump Sum Annual Leave Payment to be
            collected (if applicable).
Attachments to AD-343
1. Provide pay entitlement to include Overtime, Night Differential, Shift Premium, Sunday
   Premium, etc. with number of hours and dates for each entitlement (if applicable).
2. Copies of SF-50s (Personnel Actions) or list of salary adjustments/changes and amounts.
3. Outside earnings documentation statement from agency.
4. If employee received retirement annuity or unemployment, provide amount and address to
   return monies.
5. Provide forms for FEGLI, FEHBA, or TSP deductions. (if applicable)
6. If employee was unable to work during any or part of the period involved, certification of the
   type of leave to be charged and number of hours.
7. If employee retires at end of Restoration Period, provide hours of Lump Sum Annual Leave
   to be paid.
NOTE: If prior to conversion, agency must attach Computation Worksheet by Pay Period and
required data in 1-7 above.
The following information must be included on AD-343 for Settlement Cases: (Lump Sum
Payment, Correction to Promotion, Wage Grade Increase, FLSA, etc.)
       a. Must provide same data as in 2, a-g above.
       b. Prior to conversion computation must be provided.
       c. Lump Sum amount of Settlement, and if taxable or non-taxable.
If you have any questions or require clarification on the above, please contact NFC’s
Payroll/Personnel Operations at 504-255-4630.