Court Opinion

ID: 9925947
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-01-23 16:00:26.703375+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:21:52.470927
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                   MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

CAMILO GARCIA,                                  DOCKET NUMBER
             Appellant,                         DA-0752-16-0324-I-1

             v.

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND                          DATE: January 22, 2024
  SECURITY,
            Agency.

        THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

      Malinda A. Gaul , Esquire, San Antonio, Texas, for the appellant.

      Tania Bryant , Esquire, Washington, D.C., for the agency.

                                      BEFORE

                          Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                           Raymond A. Limon, Member

                                  FINAL ORDER

      The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
sustained his removal. Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the
following circumstances:      the initial decision contains erroneous findings of
material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute
or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the
1
   A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                   2

administrative judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial
decision were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of
discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and
material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due
diligence, was not available when the record closed.       Title 5 of the Code of
Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).            After fully
considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not
established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review.
Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision AS
MODIFIED by this order to find that the agency proved one of two charges of
violation of agency policy, to clarify the standard applied to the appellant’s claim
that he was subjected to a disparate penalty in accordance with Singh v. U.S.
Postal Service, 2022 MSPB 15, and to consider the appellant’s argument of
condonation in determining whether the penalty of removal falls within the
tolerable limits of reasonableness, which is now the Board’s final decision.
5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

                                 BACKGROUND
      The appellant served as a Criminal Investigator with the agency’s Office of
Inspector General (OIG) in its McAllen, Texas field office. Initial Appeal File
(IAF), Tab 6 at 6.        In May 2012, the agency placed the appellant on
administrative leave pending the outcome of a Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI) criminal investigation and a subsequent agency OIG investigation regarding
the falsification of records in preparation for a September 2011 internal
inspection of the McAllen field office. IAF, Tab 8 at 4, Tab 10 at 18-20. In
January 2016, the agency proposed the appellant’s removal based on the
following charges:      (1) violation of agency policy, supported by eight
specifications of misconduct; (2) unauthorized use of a law enforcement database;
and (3) lack of candor, supported by four specifications of misconduct.        IAF,
                                                                                   3

Tab 8 at 4-21. The appellant provided an oral and a written reply to the notice.
IAF, Tab 7 at 6-14. In April 2016, the agency issued a decision sustaining the
charges and removing the appellant, effective April 14, 2016. Id. at 4-5.
      The appellant timely filed an appeal with the Board alleging that the
evidence did not support the charges against him, the penalty imposed was
excessive, and he was retaliated against for exercising his Fifth Amendment
rights. IAF, Tab 1 at 4. Following a hearing, the administrative judge issued an
initial decision sustaining the appellant’s removal. IAF, Tab 40, Initial Decision
(ID). The administrative judge found that, regarding the charge of violation of
agency policy, although the agency did not establish that the appellant failed to
submit eight memoranda of activity (MOA) as soon as practicable, the agency
nevertheless proved its charge because the appellant submitted signed and dated
MOA that did not accurately reflect the date they were completed, or did not
contain a date. ID at 5-8. The administrative judge also found that the agency
proved its charge of unauthorized use of a law enforcement database. ID at 9-15.
The administrative judge further found that the agency proved one specification
of the charge of lack of candor and sustained the charge.       ID at 15-19.    The
administrative judge then found that the agency established a nexus between the
appellant’s misconduct and the efficiency of the service. ID at 19. Finally, in
reviewing the penalty of removal, the administrative judge found that the
appellant did not show that the agency imposed a penalty upon him that was
inconsistent with the penalties imposed upon other employees for the same or
substantially similar offenses, or that the agency took the removal action in
retaliation for the exercise of his Fifth Amendment rights, and found the penalty
within the bounds of reasonableness; accordingly, he sustained the agency’s
action. ID at 19-26.
      The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, and the
agency has filed a response opposing the petition. Petition for Review (PFR)
File, Tabs 1, 3. As set forth below, although we find that the charge of violation
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of agency policy is properly split into two separate charges, the administrative
judge correctly sustained the second charge of violation of agency policy and
properly sustained the remaining two charges.       The administrative judge also
properly found a nexus between the appellant’s misconduct and the efficiency of
the service. The administrative judge then correctly found that the appellant’s
misconduct was not similar to that of four other employees. Finally, despite the
administrative judge’s failure to consider the appellant’s argument that his
supervisors condoned his failure to accurately date the MOA as part of the
analysis of the penalty, we find that the penalty of removal falls within the
tolerable limits of reasonableness for the sustained charges.

                DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
The charge of violation of agency policy is properly split into two separate
charges of violation of agency policy, and the administrative judge correctly
sustained the second charge of violation of agency policy.
      On review, the appellant alleges that the administrative judge erred in
sustaining the charge of violation of agency policy because he found that the
agency failed to prove an essential element of the charge. PFR File, Tab 1 at 7-8.
The appellant further alleges that the administrative judge erred by sustaining the
charge on the basis that the appellant submitted MOA that reflected inaccurate
dates or failed to contain a date because these acts were not elements of the
charge or specifications. Id. at 8. Finally, the appellant alleges that the MOA
used to support the specifications were approved by his supervisors, backdating
MOA was a common practice, and it was not uncommon for employees to make
errors on MOA. Id. at 8-10.
      The notice of proposed removal set forth the charge of violation of agency
policy and eight specifications, each of which alleged that the appellant had both
failed to timely submit a MOA and had failed to accurately date the MOA. IAF,
Tab 8 at 5-8. As the administrative judge found, the agency policy cited in the
notice, paragraph 12.4 of the Special Agent Handbook (SAH), provided that an
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MOA must be “submitted to the reporting agent’s immediate supervisor for
approval within five working days of the activity, or in exceptional circumstances
as soon as practicable thereafter,” and that MOA must be signed and dated on the
date on which they are signed.      ID at 5-8; see IAF, Tab 20 at 38-40.      The
administrative judge found that, although the MOA at issue were not submitted
within 5 working days, the agency did not prove that the appellant failed to
submit MOA as soon as was practicable after the activity described in the MOA.
ID at 5-7. However, the administrative judge found that the agency demonstrated
that the appellant did not accurately date seven MOA and failed to date one MOA
in violation of agency policy. ID at 7-8.
      The Board may not split a single charge into several independent charges
and then sustain one of the newly formulated charges, which represents only a
portion of the original charge. Burroughs v. Department of the Army, 918 F.2d
170, 172 (Fed. Cir. 1990). If the agency fails to prove one of the elements of its
charge, then the entire charge must fall.   Id.   However, when a single stated
charge contains two separate acts of misconduct that are not dependent upon each
other and that do not comprise a single, inseparable event, each act constitutes a
separate charge. Chauvin v. Department of the Navy, 38 F.3d 563, 565 (Fed. Cir.
1994). In resolving the issue of how a charge should be construed, the Board
examines the structure and language of the proposal notice and the decision
notice, as well as the accompanying specifications and circumstances. George v.
Department of the Army, 104 M.S.P.R. 596, ¶ 7 (2007), aff’d, 263 F. App’x 889
(Fed. Cir. 2008).
      Here, although the administrative judge did not explicitly split the charge
of violation of agency policy into two charges, he properly identified two
violations of agency policy that comprised separate acts of misconduct.        ID
at 5-8. The allegation that the appellant failed to submit MOA within 5 working
days of an activity, or as soon as is practicable thereafter, in violation of SAH
paragraph 12.4(B), is distinct from the allegation that he inaccurately dated MOA
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in violation of SAH paragraph 12.4(C)(4)(a). IAF, Tab 20 at 38-40. In other
words, the appellant could have failed to timely submit MOA but still accurately
dated the MOA, or vice versa. Moreover, each specification set forth under the
charge of violation of agency policy contained the elements to potentially support
a violation of both agency policies at issue. IAF, Tab 8 at 5-8. Accordingly, we
find that the agency charged the appellant with two independent violations of
agency policy, which we consider as two separate charges of violation of agency
policy.
      Neither the appellant nor the agency dispute the administrative judge’s
finding that the agency did not prove the first charge of violation of agency
policy because it did not show that the appellant failed to submit MOA as soon as
was practicable after the activity described in the MOA, and we discern no reason
to disturb the administrative judge’s findings, as the record reflects that he
considered the evidence as a whole, drew appropriate inferences from the
evidence, and made reasoned conclusions on the issue of credibility. ID at 5-7;
see Clay v. Department of the Army, 123 M.S.P.R. 245, ¶ 6 (2016) (finding no
reason to disturb the administrative judge’s findings when she considered the
evidence as a whole, drew appropriate inferences, and made reasoned conclusions
on the issue of credibility); Broughton v. Department of Health and Human
Services, 33 M.S.P.R. 357, 359 (1987) (same).
      We have found that the original charge of violation of agency policy must
be split into two charges. Next, we construe the appellant’s argument—that the
fact that he submitted MOA reflecting inaccurate dates or failing to contain a date
was not an element of the charge or specifications—to allege that he lacked
notice of the second charge of violation of agency policy. PFR File, Tab 1 at 8.
An employee must receive advanced written notice stating the specific reasons for
the proposed adverse action in sufficient detail to allow the employee to make an
informed reply.   Smith v. Department of the Interior, 112 M.S.P.R. 173, ¶ 5
(2009); see 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b)(1); Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill,
                                                                                 7

470 U.S. 532, 546 (1985) (explaining that the essential requirements of
constitutional due process for a tenured public employee are notice of the charges
against him, with an explanation of the evidence, and an opportunity for the
employee to present his account of events prior to the deprivation of his property
right to continued employment). Here, the notice of proposed removal set forth a
narrative description following the charge of violation of agency policy that
alleged that the appellant’s MOA were “misdated to appear as though they had
been prepared and signed within the reporting period proscribed in the Special
Agent Handbook,” and each of the eight specifications set forth either that the
date the MOA was signed and dated by the appellant was not the date of signature
set forth in the MOA, or that the MOA lacked the date it was signed by the
appellant. IAF, Tab 8 at 5-8. Although the agency did not set forth in the notice
the language of the agency policy violated, it referred to paragraph 12.4 of the
SAH, which sets forth the policy at issue. Id.; see IAF, Tab 20 at 38-40.
      Moreover, the appellant specifically responded to the agency’s allegations
that the dates of signature set forth in the MOA were not accurate in his reply to
the notice of proposed removal. IAF, Tab 7 at 7. When an appellant comes
forward and addresses a charge made against him, the Board cannot find that he
was not given notice of the charge.         Yinat v. Department of the Army,
101 M.S.P.R. 328, ¶ 15 (2005).        Thus, we find that the appellant received
sufficient notice of the second charge of violation of agency policy to make an
informed reply to the charge.
      Finally, the appellant’s argument—that the administrative judge erred in
sustaining the second charge of violation of agency policy because the MOA used
to support the specifications were approved by his supervisors—is not a defense
to the charge, but it is relevant to whether the penalty of removal exceeded the
tolerable limits of reasonableness.     PFR File, Tab 1 at 8-10; see Avant v.
Department of the Air Force, 71 M.S.P.R. 192, 201 (1996) (stating that the
appellant’s argument that his supervisor condoned his misconduct is not a defense
                                                                                  8

to the charge but is relevant to penalty), overruled on other grounds by White v.
U.S. Postal Service, 71 M.S.P.R. 521 (1996); see also Canada v. Department of
Homeland Security, 113 M.S.P.R. 509, ¶¶ 18-19 (2010) (explaining that the
appellants’ claim that their supervisors authorized or condoned their consumption
of alcohol in response to a charge of conduct unbecoming was relevant as a
possible mitigating factor to the penalty). Accordingly, we address this argument
below as to whether the administrative judge properly found that the agency’s
penalty fell within the tolerable limits of reasonableness.

The administrative judge did not err in sustaining the charge of unauthorized use
of a law enforcement database.
      The appellant also argues that the administrative judge erred in finding the
appellant’s coworker more credible than the appellant and thus concluding that
the agency proved that the appellant engaged in the unauthorized use of a law
enforcement database.     PFR File, Tab 1 at 10-12.       It is undisputed that the
coworker searched for the appellant’s former wife’s paramour in two law
enforcement databases, and that this search was not conducted for an authorized
purpose. However, the appellant disputed the agency’s allegation that he induced
his coworker to search the database for the paramour by telling the coworker that
the search was for an individual that was bothering one of the appellant’s
confidential informants. IAF, Tab 8 at 9-10; PFR File, Tab 1 at 10-11.
      The appellant alleges that inconsistencies in his coworker’s testimony
render his explanation of the events in question implausible; however, we have
reviewed the record and find the administrative judge’s credibility findings to be
supported by the record. PFR File, Tab 1 at 10-12. The Board must defer to an
administrative judge’s credibility determinations when they are based, explicitly
or implicitly, on observing the demeanor of witnesses testifying at a hearing.
Haebe v. Department of Justice, 288 F.3d 1288, 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2002). Although
the Board may decline to defer to an administrative judge’s credibility findings
that are abbreviated, based on improper considerations, or unsupported by the
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record, Redschlag v. Department of the Army, 89 M.S.P.R. 589, ¶ 13 (2001), it
may not overturn an administrative judge’s demeanor-based credibility findings
merely because it disagrees with those findings, Purifoy v. Department of
Veterans Affairs, 838 F.3d 1367, 1372 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (quoting Haebe, 288 F.3d
at 1299). The administrative judge acknowledged that there was little physical
evidence to prove either the appellant’s or his coworker’s version of the events in
question and conducted a detailed assessment of the appellant’s and the
coworker’s testimony, ultimately finding the coworker’s version of the events
more credible than the appellant’s version.       ID at 9-13.   In particular, the
administrative judge found that the appellant’s testimony, in which he alleged
that his coworker volunteered to conduct the search after the appellant disclosed
his marital problems and that the search was not a serious act of misconduct
because he could gather information from publicly available sources, was less
plausible than the coworker’s testimony because he and the coworker were not
close friends, and he was on notice that his use of the databases was
unauthorized.   ID at 10-13.   Moreover, the administrative judge observed the
appellant’s testimony to be rehearsed and evasive, whereas the coworker’s
testimony was direct and detailed. ID at 12-13.
      The appellant alleges that his coworker’s failure to tell the FBI about the
lunch he had with another special agent, during which he discovered that the
alleged confidential informant was the appellant’s former wife’s paramour, the
lack of evidence that the coworker reported the search to one of his supervisors,
and the coworker’s failure to log the search in an MOA render his testimony
implausible. PFR File, Tab 1 at 10-12. However, the special agent with which
the coworker had lunch corroborated that the lunch in question occurred. IAF,
Tab 39, Hearing Compact Disc (HCD) 3 (testimony of K.H.). The coworker also
explained that he would not have logged the search in an MOA because it did not
pertain to one of his investigations, and he did not recall whether he had logged
the search in his personal log. HCD 1 (testimony of M.R.). Finally, despite the
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lack of corroborating evidence of the coworker’s testimony that he reported the
search to a supervisor, the appellant does not cite evidence contradicting his
coworker’s testimony, and there is no reason to discredit the testimony. We thus
find no reason to disturb the administrative judge’s findings regarding the
coworker’s credibility.
      Finally, the appellant does not dispute the administrative judge’s findings
that he provided the information that initiated the coworker’s search for the
paramour, that the search was conducted solely for the appellant’s personal use,
and that the appellant received training on database use, which would have
included information that searching databases for personal use is prohibited. ID
at 13-15. Thus, regardless of whether the coworker knew that the search was for
the appellant’s personal use, the administrative judge properly found that the
agency proved that the appellant used the databases for an unauthorized purpose.

The penalty of removal is the maximum reasonable penalty for the sustained
charges.
      On review, the appellant does not dispute the administrative judge’s
decision to sustain one specification of the lack of candor charge or the finding
that the agency proved a nexus between the appellant’s misconduct and the
efficiency of the service, and we see no reason to disturb the administrative
judge’s well-reasoned findings on these matters. 2          ID at 15-19; see Clay,
123 M.S.P.R. 245, ¶ 6.
      The appellant argues, however, that the administrative judge erred in
sustaining the penalty of removal because he did not properly sustain the charge
of violation of agency policy and did not sustain several of the specifications of
the lack of candor charge. PFR File, Tab 1 at 12-13. As set forth above, we find
that the charge of violation of agency policy was comprised of violations of two
agency policies, properly constituting two separate charges, and that the agency

2
 The agency has not challenged the administrative judge’s findings that did not sustain
portions of the agency’s charges. PFR File, Tab 1.
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did not prove the first charge but proved the second charge of violation of agency
policy, as well as the charge of unauthorized use of a Government database and
one specification of lack of candor. Concerning the lack of candor charge, proof
of one specification is sufficient to prove the charge as a whole, thus the
administrative judge properly sustained the charge upon sustaining one
specification of the lack of candor charge. Burroughs, 918 F.2d at 172; Alvarado
v. Department of the Air Force, 103 M.S.P.R. 1, ¶ 29 (2006), aff’d, 626 F. Supp.
2d. 1140 (D.N.M. 2009), aff’d, 490 F. App’x 932 (10th Cir. 2012).
      When, as here, the agency proves fewer than all of its charges, the Board
may not independently determine a reasonable penalty.        Lachance v. Devall,
178 F.3d 1246, 1259 (Fed. Cir. 1999); Gray v. Government Printing Office,
111 M.S.P.R. 184, ¶ 18 (2009). Rather, the Board may mitigate to the maximum
reasonable penalty so long as the agency has not indicated either in its final
decision or during proceedings before the Board that it desires that a lesser
penalty be imposed on fewer charges.        Lachance, 178 F.3d at 1260; Gray,
111 M.S.P.R. 184, ¶ 18. Here, the deciding official testified that she would have
sustained the penalty of removal if she had sustained any one of the three original
charges. HCD 1 (testimony of the deciding official). As such, the Board may
impose the same penalty imposed by the agency based on a justification of that
penalty as the maximum reasonable penalty after balancing the mitigating factors.
Gray, 111 M.S.P.R. 184, ¶ 18. The Board’s function regarding its review of an
agency’s penalty selection is not to displace management’s responsibility, but to
determine whether management exercised its judgment within the tolerable limits
of reasonableness.   Id. As set forth below, the appellant’s allegation that the
sustained charges do not support the penalty of removal is without merit.

The appellant has not shown that he was subjected to a disparate penalty.
      On review, the appellant alleges that the administrative judge erred in
finding that three employees were not similarly situated to the appellant; he
contends that the three employees were placed on administrative leave for more
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egregious violations of agency policy but were returned to work. PFR File, Tab 1
at 13-15.   The appellant also appears to argue that the administrative judge
improperly evaluated certain Douglas factors in reference to the alleged
comparator employees. 3       Id. at 14-15.     Although the administrative judge
acknowledged that the agency treated the appellant and the three alleged
comparators differently, he found that the misconduct was not comparable
because the other three employees were not charged with the same offenses as the
appellant. 4 ID at 23-24.
      Among the factors an agency should consider in setting the penalty for
misconduct is the “consistency of the penalty with those imposed upon other
employees    for   the   same   or   similar   offenses.”      Douglas    v.   Veterans
Administration, 5 M.S.P.R. 280, 305 (1981). In assessing the agency’s penalty
determination, the relevant inquiry is whether the agency knowingly and
unjustifiably treated employees differently.       Singh, 2022 MSPB 15, ¶ 14; see
Facer v. Department of the Air Force, 836 F.2d 535, 539 (Fed. Cir. 1988)
(providing that a person does not have a legally protected interest in the evenness
of a misconduct penalty assessed on him compared to that assessed on others
unless employees are knowingly treated differently “in a way not justified by the
facts, and intentionally for reasons other than the efficiency of the service”). To
establish disparate penalties among employees, the appellant must show that “the
charges and the circumstances surrounding the charged behavior are substantially
similar.” Miskill v. Social Security Administration, 863 F.3d 1379, 1384 (Fed.
Cir. 2017). The universe of potential comparators will vary from case to case, but

3
  In Douglas v. Veterans Administration, 5 M.S.P.R. 280, 305-06 (1981), the Board
articulated a nonexhaustive list of factors to be considered when evaluating the penalty
to be imposed for an act of misconduct.
4
  The administrative judge also considered whether M.R. was similarly situated to the
appellant but did not find that they engaged in similar misconduct, and the appellant
does not dispute this finding on review. ID at 23-24.
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it should be limited to those employees whose misconduct or other circumstances
closely resemble those of the appellant. Singh, 2022 MSPB 15, ¶ 13.
         Here, each of the three alleged comparators worked as criminal
investigators in the McAllen field office, and each alleged comparator was placed
on administrative leave pending the outcome of the investigation of the McAllen
field office, but none of the comparators were ultimately disciplined. IAF, Tab 8
at 17; Tab 32 at 113-21; HCD 2 (testimony of E.C., R.G., and R.V.).            The
appellant alleged that the three employees engaged in similar misconduct to his
because they were placed on administrative leave for violating agency policy by
creating fraudulent MOA. PFR File, Tab 1 at 13-15. However, the administrative
judge properly found that the three employees did not engage in the same or
similar offenses as the appellant. ID at 23-24. Although the appellant and the
three comparator employees engaged in conduct that amounted to violations of
paragraph 12.4 of the SAH, none of the comparator employees also engaged in
the unauthorized use of a law enforcement database. HCD 2 (testimony of E.C.,
R.G., and R.V.). Moreover, there is no evidence that the comparator employees
lacked candor; to the contrary, the deciding official and the three comparator
employees testified that the comparator employees affirmatively notified agency
or FBI investigators of improper MOA preparation.        HCD 1 (testimony of the
deciding official); HCD 2 (testimony of the deciding official, E.C., R.G., and
R.V.).
         The appellant argues that Boucher v. U.S. Postal Service, 118 M.S.P.R. 640
(2012), supports his argument that the three employees are comparable even
though he engaged in more misconduct than the other three employees. PFR File,
Tab 1 at 13.      However, the Board recently reexamined the disparate penalty
analysis in Boucher and its progeny and determined that the Board in Boucher did
not find that the comparator employees at issue had engaged in the same or
similar offenses as the appellant, as required by Douglas, 5 M.S.P.R. at 305.
Singh, 2022 MSPB 15, ¶ 17. The Board thus overruled Boucher to the extent that
                                                                                      14

it held that the disparate penalty analysis should extend beyond the same or
similar offenses.    Id.    Under Singh, the Board will not attempt to weigh the
relative seriousness of various offenses to determine whether two employees who
committed different acts of misconduct were treated disparately. Id. Rather, the
misconduct of similarly situated employees must closely resemble that of the
appellant. Id., ¶ 13. Here, the appellant’s unauthorized use of a Government
database and lack of candor rendered his misconduct incomparable to that of the
other three employees, who only arguably violated agency policy in their
preparation of MOA.          ID at 23-24; see Singh, 2022 MSPB 15, ¶¶ 16-17
(concluding that Boucher did not find that the comparator had engaged in the
same or similar misconduct as the appellant when, among other factors, the
appellant was charged with possession of both marijuana and cocaine, but the
comparator was charged only with possession of marijuana and was not arrested
on or near agency property).
      Moreover, the consistency of the penalty with those imposed upon other
employees for the same or similar offenses is simply one of a nonexhaustive list
of   12   factors   that    are   relevant   for   consideration   in   determining   the
appropriateness of a penalty. Singh, 2022 MSPB 15, ¶ 18. Our review of each of
the factors considered by the deciding official in determining that removal was
the appropriate penalty leads us to conclude that removal is the maximum
reasonable penalty to be imposed for the charges sustained.

The deciding official considered the relevant Douglas factors in sustaining the
penalty of removal.
      The most important factor in assessing whether the agency’s chosen
penalty falls within the tolerable limits of reasonableness is the nature and
seriousness of the misconduct and its relation to the employee’s duties, position,
and responsibilities.      Edwards v. U.S. Postal Service, 116 M.S.P.R. 173, ¶ 14
(2010). As set forth in the administrative judge’s findings, the deciding official
testified that she considered the appellant’s misconduct very serious, particularly
                                                                                 15

because the appellant’s credibility was necessary to his position as a law
enforcement officer and a senior criminal investigator in the McAllen field office
who interacted with the public and other law enforcement agencies.          HCD 1
(testimony of the deciding official). She also testified that she held the appellant
to a higher standard because he was a law enforcement officer and investigator
for the OIG, and thus he must be beyond reproach as a “guard of the guards.” Id.
The deciding official further testified that she was no longer confident in his
ability to prepare accurate information as a criminal investigator. Id.
      The deciding official also found that the appellant could not be
rehabilitated because he made excuses for his behavior and downplayed the
seriousness of backdating MOA; moreover, he did not express remorse for his
actions.   Id.    She further testified that she considered that the appellant’s
misconduct reflected poorly on the reputation of the agency’s agents. Id. The
deciding official also testified that she considered the appellant’s lack of a past
disciplinary history, his years of service, his demanding position and challenging
workload, and his marital problems as mitigating factors, but she found that these
mitigating factors did not outweigh the seriousness of the offense and other
aggravating factors. Id.
      In reviewing the penalty of removal, the administrative judge found the
deciding official’s testimony regarding her considerations credible and concurred
in her assessment of the Douglas factors. ID at 19-26. He also considered the
appellant’s argument that the agency’s decision to investigate and remove him
was in retaliation for declining to cooperate with the FBI investigation and the
exercise of his Fifth Amendment right not to testify before a grand jury
investigating the McAllen office, but the administrative judge found no evidence
of retaliation.    ID at 24-25.     On review, the appellant argues that the
administrative judge erred in finding no retaliation because, unlike the three other
employees he alleged committed similar misconduct, he did not falsify MOA and
thus did not have any evidence against his supervisors. PFR File, Tab 1 at 15-16.
                                                                                    16

The appellant’s argument is premised on the testimony of certain agency officials
that they believed the appellant to be withholding information regarding the
McAllen office investigation and that the proposing official considered that three
employees cooperated with the FBI investigation and testified against their
supervisor in determining the penalty to impose against other employees. IAF,
Tab 8 at 17; HCD 1 (testimony of the proposing official); HCD 2 (testimony of
D.G.); PFR File, Tab 1 at 15-16. Thus, the appellant’s argument is directed not at
retaliation for the exercise of a constitutional right but at the agency’s rejection of
the other employees as comparators because they were forthcoming about their
actions in connection with the events giving rise to the McAllen office
investigation, whereas the appellant was not forthcoming. As set forth above,
even if these three employees could be considered to have committed the same
misconduct as the appellant regarding the preparation of MOA, they cannot be
considered comparators because they did not commit the additional misconduct
that the appellant committed.
      The administrative judge also considered the appellant’s argument that
backdating MOA was a common practice in the McAllen field office as part of his
analysis of the charge of violation of agency policy, but he did not examine the
appellant’s argument that his supervisors condoned the errors in the dates on
which he signed MOA as part of the penalty analysis. ID at 7-8. Although the
issue of whether the appellant’s supervisors condoned the errors in the dates the
appellant signed MOA by signing the MOA themselves could serve to mitigate
the penalty, it is not necessary to determine the extent to which it could serve as a
mitigating factor because we find that the penalty of removal falls within the
tolerable limits of reasonableness for the appellant’s other misconduct.           See
Canada, 113 M.S.P.R. 509, ¶¶ 19-20.          The deciding official considered the
appellant’s unauthorized access of a law enforcement database serious because it
could constitute criminal conduct, and she similarly considered his lack of candor
serious given that it reflected poorly on his credibility and ability to perform his
                                                                                     17

duties as a law enforcement officer. HCD 1 (testimony of the deciding official).
We find, as did the administrative judge, that it was appropriate for the deciding
official to hold a law enforcement officer to a higher standard of conduct,
particularly when the appellant’s misconduct implicated his honesty and integrity.
See Jones v. Department of Justice, 87 M.S.P.R. 91, ¶ 12 (2000) (finding that
despite his 25 years of Federal service, removal was a reasonable penalty for an
immigration inspector who provided false information).                The appellant’s
misconduct was extremely serious, particularly for a law enforcement officer who
investigated other agency employees’ criminal misconduct. IAF, Tab 8 at 16-17.
We find that the deciding official considered the factors most relevant to the
penalty in this case and reasonably exercised her management discretion; thus,
the penalty of removal falls within the tolerable limits of reasonableness as to the
remaining two charges.      We affirm the administrative judge’s initial decision
sustaining the appellant’s removal.

                         NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 5
      The initial decision, as supplemented by this Final Order, constitutes the
Board’s final decision in this matter.      5 C.F.R. § 1201.113.      You may obtain
review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By statute, the nature of
your claims determines the time limit for seeking such review and the appropriate
forum with which to file. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b). Although we offer the following
summary of available appeal rights, the Merit Systems Protection Board does not
provide legal advice on which option is most appropriate for your situation and
the rights described below do not represent a statement of how courts will rule
regarding which cases fall within their jurisdiction. If you wish to seek review of
this final decision, you should immediately review the law applicable to your
claims and carefully follow all filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file

5
  Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                      18

within the applicable time limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your
chosen forum.
      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions
about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general . As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit   your   petition   to   the   court    at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
                                                                                 19

      (2) Judicial   or   EEOC    review    of   cases   involving   a   claim   of
discrimination . This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims —by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court ( not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.    5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. 420 (2017). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the district court no later than 30 calendar days after your representative
receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of discrimination based on
race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling condition, you may be
entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and to waiver of any
requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security.         See 42 U.S.C.
§ 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx .
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues . 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                                                                                     20

                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                  P.O. Box 77960
                             Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant     to   the    Whistleblower      Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012 . This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in
section 2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)
(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either
with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 6   The court of appeals must receive your petition for
review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).

6
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115-195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                                21

      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                             U.S. Court of Appeals
                             for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                            Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx .

FOR THE BOARD:                        ______________________________
                                      Jennifer Everling
                                      Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.