Court Opinion

ID: 168102
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-08-14 16:13:38+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:24:55.900088
License: Public Domain

F I L E D
                                                                 United States Court of Appeals
                                                                         Tenth Circuit
                    UNITED STATES CO URT O F APPEALS
                                                                     September 6, 2006
                                TENTH CIRCUIT                       Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                        Clerk of Court

 U N ITED STA TES O F A M ER ICA,

       Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                         No. 06-8019
 v.                                                  (D.C. No. 97-CV-84-B)
                                                          (D . W yo.)
 JOSEPH V. LIBRETTI, JR.,

       Defendant-Appellant.

     O R DER D EN Y IN G A C ERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY AND
  D EN Y IN G IM PL IE D R EQUEST FOR LEAVE TO FILE A SUCCESSIVE
                           H ABEA S A PPLIC ATIO N

Before KELLY, M cKA Y , and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.

      Joseph V . Libretti, Jr., a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, requests a

certificate of appealability (“COA”) to appeal the district court’s denial of his

motion for relief from judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(5) and (6). In

his Rule 60(b) motion, Libretti seeks relief from the November 8, 1999 denial of

his 28 U.S.C.§ 2255 application. Relying on Gonzales v. Crosby, 125 S. Ct. 2641

(2005), Libretti argues that the “illegal” forfeiture of $33,160 in currency affected

the integrity of his § 2255 proceedings because without the seized currency he

could not obtain the counsel of his choice to represent him. The district court,

however, interpreted Libretti’s motion as a successive § 2255 application filed
without leave of this court as required by § 2255, and denied it for lack of

subject-matter jurisdiction. Because we agree that Libretti’s R ule 60(b) motion is

a successive habeas petition under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty

Act of 1996 (“AEDPA ”), we will construe his notice of appeal and appellate brief

as an implied application under § 2255 for leave to file a successive habeas

petition in the district court. 1 See 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (“A second or successive

motion must be certified as provided in section 2244 by a panel of the appropriate

court of appeals”). W e D EN Y his application, DENY his request for a COA, and

DISM ISS.

       Libretti has a long history of appellate actions before this court stemming

from his 1992 conviction for engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise in

violation of 21 U.S.C. § 848. See United States v. Libretti, 28 F. App’x 754, 756-

57 (10th Cir. 2001) (unpublished opinion) (collecting cases). This case has its

foundation in earlier actions seeking the return of $33,160 in currency. That

currency was not included in his criminal order of forfeiture because the

government believed that it had been administratively forfeited before the

comm encement of Libretti’s trial. The government had, however, failed to send

Libretti notice of the administrative proceedings at his known place of

incarceration. See id. at 757.   “Tw ice the district court upheld the administrative

   1
      In 2001, Libretti filed application for leave to file a successive habeas
petition, which was denied. Libretti v. United States, No. 01-8079 (10th Cir. Oct.
31, 2001) (unpublished order).

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forfeiture and twice this court remanded the matter for further consideration.” Id.

After the second remand the government requested the funds be returned to

Libretti. Id. The district court granted the government’s motion and the money

was returned in M arch of 2000.

      In issues five and seven of Libretti’s original § 2255 application filed in

1997, he claimed that without the seized $33,160 in currency, he could not retain

counsel of his choice at trial or on appeal, respectively. Libretti grounded his

claims on his constitutional right to the counsel of his choice under the Fifth

Amendment. Upon recommendation of the magistrate, the district court

dismissed his § 2255 application, finding issues five and seven meritless “because

the forfeiture was legal under 21 U.S.C. § 853.” Libretti filed a motion under

Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e) within ten days of the district court’s denial of his § 2255

application in which he argued that the district court had misapprehended the

argument raised in his application, that his right to counsel was infringed because

the Government had refused to return assets that w ere not forfeited.

Subsequently, on M arch 6, 2000, while the first motion was still pending, Libretti

filed a subsequent motion under Rule 59(e) based on this court’s decision in

United States v. Libretti, No. 99-8047, 2000 U.S. App. LEXIS 2499 (10th Cir.

Feb. 17, 2000) (unpublished opinion), which held that the Government had failed

to provide proper notice in its administrative forfeiture of the $33,160. The

district court interpreted this subsequent motion as a Rule 60(b) motion because it

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was filed more than ten days after the judgment on his § 2255 application was

entered. Libretti filed a second supplement to his original § 59(e) motion on

M arch 14, 2000, which was similarly interpreted. The district court rejected

Libretti’s contentions of error in his initial Rule 59(e) motion, finding that

Libretti “complains that this Court distorted his issues five through seven . . . .

Here [Libretti] does not present any additional arguments which were not

previously considered by this Court’s O rder. Rather, he merely rehashes his

previous arguments.” Finding no manifest errors of law or newly discovered

evidence, the district court thus denied Libretti’s initial Rule 59(e) motion. The

district court interpreted Libretti’s M arch 6 and M arch 14, 2000 supplemental

motions as Rule 60(b) motions which were in fact second or successive habeas

applications. Accordingly, it dismissed them for lack of jurisdiction under Lopez

v. Douglas, 141 F.3d 974, 975 (10th Cir. 1998). In its January 19, 2001 Order

denying Libretti’s Rule 59(e)/60(b) motions, the district court denied Libretti’s

request for a stay of judgment under Rule 62(b), specifically recognizing that our

decision in Libretti, 2000 U.S. App. LEXIS 2499, had been decided when it did

so.

      This court considered and rejected Libretti’s claims of error when it refused

to grant him a COA to appeal the district court’s denial of his § 2255 petition.

United States v. Libretti, 28 F. App’x 754 (10th Cir. 2001). In his application for

a COA, Libretti specifically raised his contention that our ruling in Libretti, 2000

                                          -4-
U.S. App. LEXIS 2499, was a basis to reverse the district court’s denial of his

§ 2255 application. See Libretti, 28 F. App’x at 759 (listing among Libretti’s

claims, those “relating to Libretti’s assistance of counsel, including an assertion

that, without the seized $3[3],160 in currency, he could not retain counsel of his

choice”). In rejecting his request for a COA, we ruled that “Libretti has not

demonstrated entitlement to a COA on any issue.” Id.

      On November 28, 2005, Libretti filed the present Rule 60(b) motion which

is based on the Government’s retention of the same $33,160 which was the focus

of Libretti’s prior appeals. However, in this case, Libretti reasserts his prior

argument that the Government’s retention of the cash resulted in his inability to

retain counsel of choice at trial and on appeal, and adds a claim that the retention

also resulted in his inability to retain counsel to prepare his § 2255 application.

Libretti argues that this defect affected the integrity of the habeas proceeding

itself. He argues that Gonzalez v. Crosby, 125 S. Ct. 2641 (2005), provides him

the basis to reopen his habeas proceeding, and to reverse the district court’s

original disposition of his counsel of choice arguments. Libretti’s argument that

he w as deprived of counsel of choice under the Fifth A mendment in filing his

§ 2255 application is identical to his arguments that he was so deprived at trial

and on appeal.

      In Gonzalez, the Supreme Court explained that Rule 60(b) motions that do

not seek to attack the substance of the district court’s resolution of the matter on

                                         -5-
the merits are not subject to AEDPA ’s restrictions on successive habeas

applications. 2 Id. at 2647-48. Under AEDPA , claims that were adjudicated in a

previous petition must be dismissed. Id. at 2646 (explaining requirements of

§ 2244(b) which apply to successive § 2255 applications). “Any claim that was

not already adjudicated must be dismissed unless it relies on either a new and

retroactive rule of constitutional law or new facts showing a high probability of

actual innocence.” Id.

         Under Gonzalez, we must first determine if the claim at issue was

presented in a prior habeas application; if so, we must dismiss the petition. If the

issue was not presented it must likewise be dismissed unless it falls within one of

two narrow exceptions in A EDPA described above. Id. Libretti’s brief before

this court is an artful attempt to separate his counsel of choice at trial and on

appeal arguments from his counsel of choice habeas claim.

       Nevertheless, the asserted basis for relief is the same – that the

Government’s deprivation of the $33,160 resulted in Libretti’s inability to hire

counsel of choice. See id. at 2647 (holding that “a ‘claim’ as used in § 2244(b) is

an asserted federal basis for relief”). A substantial portion of his Rule 60(b)

motion is focused on his contention that this court’s order and judgment in

Libretti, 2000 U.S. App. LEXIS 2499, “washed away the foundation for the denial

   2
     W hile Gonzalez dealt with § 2254, its reasoning is also applicable to
§ 2255.

                                          -6-
of Issues 5 and 7 of M r. Libretti’s § 2255 motion.” Further, in his brief before

this court Libretti requests an order to the district court to fashion appropriate

habeas relief. His requested relief underlines the fact that the merits of issues

five and seven are substantially similar to the argument he currently advances. A

filing that “seeks vindication of such a claim is, if not in substance, a ‘habeas

corpus application,’ at least similar enough that failing to subject it to the same

requirements would be inconsistent with the statute.” Gonzalez, 125 S. Ct. at

2647. Libretti is unequivocally reasserting his substantive claim of error as to his

federal conviction. In this case, a resolution of Libretti’s argument that the

Government’s retention of the $33,160 resulted in his inability to hire counsel of

choice for his § 2255 application, is “similar enough” to his original habeas

application’s issues five and seven that it must be subject to the requirements of

§ 2244(b). See § 2255 (incorporating standard from § 2244 for successive § 2255

applications).

      Libretti also contends that the district court did not decide his counsel of

choice claims on the merits because it lacked jurisdiction to consider his

successive petition. This argument is unpersuasive. The district court clearly

decided Libretti’s issues on the merits. Libretti now seeks to reargue those

merits. As explained by the Supreme Court, a determination “on the merits”

refers to a determination that there exist or do not exist grounds entitling a

petitioner to habeas relief.” Id. at 2648, n.4.

                                          -7-
      Therefore, Libretti’s Rule 60(b) motion is properly treated as a successive

§ 2255 application. As such, he was required to seek preauthorization from this

court prior to filing this motion, which he failed to do. W e construe the notice of

appeal and appellate brief as an implied application under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 for

leave to file a successive habeas application in the district court. W e have

thoroughly reviewed the matter and conclude that Libretti has failed to make the

prima facie showing required by § 2255. Accordingly, the implied application to

file a successive § 2255 application is DENIED, his request for a COA is

DENIED, and his appeal is DISM ISSED.

                                               ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                               Carlos F. Lucero
                                               Circuit Judge

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