Court Opinion

ID: 5129132
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-11-24 15:08:54.270005+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:23:10.719485
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-0167-20

BRUCE E. KILMER, JR.,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

SHARON A. KILMER,

     Defendant-Respondent.
__________________________

                   Submitted November 1, 2021 – Decided November 24, 2021

                   Before Judges Sumners and Firko.

                   On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
                   Chancery Division, Family Part, Burlington County,
                   Docket No. FM-03-1505-08.

                   Hegge & Confusione, LLC, attorneys for appellant
                   (Michael Confusione, of counsel and on the briefs.)

                   Ted M. Rosenberg, attorney for respondent.

PER CURIAM

          Plaintiff Bruce E. Kilmer, Jr. appeals from a July 10, 2020 Family Part

order denying his motion to terminate or modify his permanent alimony and life
insurance obligations without prejudice. Applying N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(j)(3), the

judge concluded the factors weighed against terminating plaintiff's alimony and

life insurance obligations and ordered him to pay $3,550 in attorney's fees to

defendant Sharon A. Kilmer. Plaintiff also appeals the August 28, 2020 order

denying his motion for reconsideration. We affirm both orders.

                                        I.

      The following factual history is derived from the motion record. After

almost twenty-three years of marriage, plaintiff and defendant divorced in

November 2009. They have two emancipated children. In their February 2,

2010 amended dual judgment of divorce (ADJD), plaintiff agreed to pay

defendant permanent alimony effective January 1, 2010, in the sum of $625 per

week. The parties were both fifty-one years old when the ADJD was entered.

The ADJD provided "[t]he basis of the alimony is [defendant's] imputed income

of $25,000 per year and [plaintiff's] income of $137,000 per year." The alimony

obligation shall terminate upon either parties' death, defendant's remarriage, co -

habitation with a non-relative person, "or [c]ourt determination." The ADJD

also required plaintiff to "maintain life insurance in the amount of $300,000

naming [defendant] as beneficiary so long as alimony is payable."

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      Under the ADJD, defendant kept the marital residence, although she was

required to refinance the existing mortgage. As a result of retaining the former

marital home and equity interest of $237,647, defendant agreed to waive her

interest in plaintiff's carpenter's annuity having a value of $280,466 at the time

of the divorce. The ADJD noted "[s]ince the [c]arpenter's [a]nnuity is being

divided as equitable distribution, both sides waive any claim that the annuity is

income or an asset for future alimony purposes." Their agreement also equitably

divided other retirement accounts and savings plans awarding each party

$25,222.50, plus $1,202 per month from plaintiff's carpenter's pension plan.

      Plaintiff became eligible for retirement and his pension when he attained

the age of fifty-four.1   He certified that during the parties' marriage, they

"discussed on many occasions . . . [he] would retire at [fifty-five]." Instead,

plaintiff continued to work until retiring from his construction superintendent

job on April 1, 2018, at the age of fifty-nine.

      Because plaintiff retired before the age of sixty-two, he also qualified for

the carpenter's supplemental pension payment. As of 2018, plaintiff's years of

1
   Members of the carpenter's union are eligible to collect their fully accrued
monthly pension "beginning at age [fifty-two] with [thirty-three] years of
credited service. The age and the years of credited service have to equal [eighty-
five]." "Retirement" means the union member has "stopped all work with
contributing Plan Employers and all suspend[a]ble employment."
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credited service entitled him to a monthly payment of $6,075.78, consisting of

his $2,472.79 monthly pension and a $3,602.99 supplemental benefit. Plaintiff's

2020 case information statement (CIS) 2 reveals he was receiving monthly

payments of $6,122 during calendar year 2020. The supplemental pension

terminated on plaintiff's sixty-second birthday in March 2021.

      "As a superintendent on commercial projects primarily . . . valued . . .

between $30,000,000 to more than $100,000,000," plaintiff certified he led "and

manag[ed] the onsite construction contractors . . . and over[saw] all work on

site." The "job required [plaintiff] to spend most of [his] time on the project

site[,] which included having to stand for several hours at a time and be exposed

to the elements and working on uneven surfaces and having to use ladders and

scaffolding to inspect work in progress." He also had some administrative

duties. Despite retiring, "due to the availability of work the Northeast Regional

Counsel of Carpenters, Local 158 allowed [plaintiff] to continue to work."

2
   Rule 5:5-4(a)(5) states, "Upon application by the obligor to modify or
terminate alimony based upon retirement pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(j)(2)
and (j)(3), both the obligor's application to the court for modification or
termination of alimony and the obligee's response to the application shall be
accompanied by current [CIS] as well as the [CIS's] previously executed or filed,
or other relevant financial documents if there was no [CIS] executed or filed, in
connection with the order, judgment or agreement sought to be modified." See
also N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(j)(3) (requiring same).

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Therefore, he "was able to collect [his] basic pension amount, [his] supplemental

pension and [his] salary." As stated on plaintiff's 2020 CIS, he earned a net

income of $200,516 in 2019. This included an earned income of $193,240, plus

$73,635 from pensions and annuities. He was on track to earn approximately

$200,000 again in 2020. The record shows in prior years, plaintiff would receive

a $5,000 bonus and a $7,460 holiday supplement.

      In March 2020, plaintiff ceased working entirely. He claimed, "[i]n light

of the corona virus pandemic[,] construction has slowed down substantially."

Plaintiff is now over sixty years old, and he did not want to be near others during

the pandemic. Furthermore, due to the time on his feet, plaintiff's knees "ache"

when he awakes in the morning, he experiences "trouble" with his feet, but "for

the most part" he is "healthy." He also explained that "[t]his is a young man's

job" since he has to "climb ladders and stand on scaffolding at extreme heights,"

which makes him "uncomfortable" at his age. Plaintiff reasons the union's

incentives to retire its employees between the ages of fifty and sixty years old

evinces his point. Accordingly, plaintiff believes that it was an appropriate time

for him to "fully retire."

      Since plaintiff is no longer employed by the union, his supplemental

benefit ended. Therefore, he certified that his only source of income is his

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monthly pension payment of approximately $2,472.79. Plaintiff's 2020 CIS

valued his net worth at $719,825. 3 He is remarried and shares expenses with his

new wife.

      As for defendant, she claimed she sacrificed her career to be a stay-at-

home mom while plaintiff pursued his career. Since the divorce, she has worked

two jobs. Defendant works "for Wegmans [in] the accounting office" and as a

hairstylist for the Hair Cuttery. However, Hair Cuttery temporarily closed

March 4, 2020, due to COVID-19 protocols. Since then, defendant has not

worked as a hairstylist, and she relies on her income from Wegmans and her

alimony payments.       Wegmans provides defendant with health insurance

benefits. Defendant has tendonitis in one hand and has difficulty standing for

long periods of time.

      Before the pandemic, defendant was working forty-eight to fifty hours a

week between both jobs and now works approximately thirty-three hours a

week. "Defendant's [i]ncome [t]ax return provides that she earned an annual

3
  Net worth is the difference between total gross assets and total gross liabilities.
Plaintiff's total gross assets under the 2020 CIS equaled $868,276, and his total
gross liabilities were $148,451.
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income of $33,733 in 2019." 4       Including $32,500 in alimony payments,

defendant's net income in 2019 was approximately $62,000, representing almost

one-half of her income.

      In terms of defendant's assets, her 2020 CIS "provides that she has a single

[individual retirement account (IRA)] containing only $6,000." Defendant also

owns the marital home debt free, having a value of approximately $268,000.

Defendant also has a WSFS Bank checking and savings account valued at

approximately $128,000. As per the terms of the ADJD, defendant is entitled to

one-half of plaintiff's carpenter's $1,067.66 pension. Defendant became eligible

for these payments in 2014 when defendant became eligible, however, she does

not have to receive payments until she retires.

      On May 21, 2020, plaintiff filed a motion to terminate or modify his

alimony and life insurance obligations. In his moving certification, plaintiff

contended he was entitled to relief because a combination of the nature of his

work, the COVID-19 pandemic, and his health issues justified his retirement.

He also argued his alimony obligation should be terminated, otherwise he would

4
  Per Rule 5:5-4(a)(5) and N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(j)(3), defendant was required to
submit a current CIS. Both the parties and the judge make explicit references to
defendant's 2020 CIS and 2019 income tax returns throughout the record.
However, both documents are absent from the parties' appendices. Defendant's
2013 CIS is of record.
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"have to access [his] retirement funds and savings to continue to pay [his]

monthly expenses now that [he is] no longer working, especially once . . . [he

turned sixty-two] and [his] pension is reduced by more than half" to $2,472.79

per month.

      In response, defendant opposed plaintiff's motion and filed a notice of

cross-motion.    Defendant, then sixty-one years old, certified that alimony

constitutes fifty percent of her income, and her expenses exceed her income even

with the alimony payment.         She asserted, "[t]he disadvantage to [me] by

termination/modification of alimony far exceeds the benefit to [plaintiff]."

Defendant also cross-moved to strike an exhibit from plaintiff's motion.

      On July 10, 2020, the judge heard oral argument on the motions and placed

his tentative decision on the record. The judge stated he would deny plaintiff's

motion to terminate alimony without prejudice and grant defendant's cross -

motion to deny terminating alimony because "the disadvantage to the defendant,

who is the recipient of the alimony in this case, outweighs the advantage to the

plaintiff based upon the statutory factors and the . . . facts presented." The judge

explained:

             the plaintiff is [sixty-one] years old. He's not at . . . the
             age where, under the statute, he's presumed to be at . . .
             good faith retirement. So, the [c]ourt's determination is
             that . . . the pertinent statutory factors are . . . not

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            satisfied. Notably[,] the [c]ourt notes that the . . .
            defendant would be losing half of her annual income if
            the alimony is terminated based on the plaintiff's full
            retirement at age [sixty-one].

      The judge then struck the exhibit from plaintiff's motion before tentatively

awarding counsel fees. He granted the cross-motion for counsel fees because:

            primarily under the circumstances here, the . . . need of
            . . . the applicant, based on the . . . parties' relative
            financial circumstances, as well as the fact that the . . .
            motion itself was not a . . . successful motion. That
            weighs into the counsel fee ruling under the statutory
            and court rule and case law factors.

      After plaintiff argued that the home and other assets defendant received

during the divorce increased in value, thus reducing her need for alimony, the

judge supplemented his decision:

            I don't think there's been [a] prima facie case that's been
            shown. The assets that were subject to equitable
            distribution are not . . . to be considered for purposes of
            . . . income generation for alimony, that's clear, to be in
            this case and . . . from the statute as well. And I have a
            defendant . . . that was working two . . . jobs, making
            $33,000 a year versus someone who's making almost
            $200,000 a year. They're both [sixty-one] years
            old. . . . I don’t think it's appropriate to modify what
            was . . . a permanent alimony determination ten years
            ago under these circumstances.
      Later that day, the judge issued a written decision. The judge listed the

factors set forth in N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(j)(3) and analyzed each one. Plaintiff

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filed a timely notice of motion for reconsideration on July 28, 2020, requesting

the judge to reconsider denying his motion to terminate or modify his alimony

and life insurance obligations, the award of counsel fees, and schedule a plenary

hearing. Plaintiff alleged the judge "erred in determining whether or not . . .

[d]efendant had the ability to save for retirement," arguing her IRA account

valued at $6,000 and the WSFS checking and savings accounts valued at

$128,000 did not exist at the time the divorce was granted.

      Consequently, plaintiff argued that defendant has the ability "to save

significantly more than the parties were able to save during the marriage and"

defendant was "living in excess of the marital standard of living." Plaintiff also

contended factual disputes existed based on conflicting statements regarding

defendant's ability to save, her budget, and equitable distribution. On the issue

of counsel fees, plaintiff argued that he should not be penalized "for filing a

motion when the statute enables [him] to do so."

      On August 4, 2020, defendant filed a notice of cross-motion seeking to

deny plaintiff's motion for reconsideration, requesting plaintiff verify his life

insurance policy to secure his alimony obligation, and for additional counsel

fees. Defendant argued that the judge correctly analyzed each alimony factor,

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and reconsideration was inappropriate because plaintiff offered no new

information and asserted no error.

      On August 28, 2020, the judge heard oral argument on plaintiff's motion

for reconsideration. In a comprehensive written decision, the judge denied

plaintiff's motion in its entirety and granted all the relief requested in defendant's

cross-motion. The judge held "[p]laintiff failed to establish his burden for

reconsideration," and highlighted that defendant's WSFS accounts totaling

$128,000 were insufficient savings to terminate and replace her alimony

payments. In his decision, the judge emphasized "[d]efendant's savings would

be depleted in less than four years," and "even after appropriate adjustments to

[d]efendant's monthly budget, without [p]laintiff's alimony [d]efendant

continues to experience a substantial monthly deficit as determined by the

[c]ourt in its [July 10, 2020 o]rder." The judge granted defendant's cross-motion

for counsel fees and awarded an additional sum of $3,095. Plaintiff's request

for a plenary hearing was denied. A memorializing order was entered. This

appeal ensued.

      On appeal, plaintiff contends the judge improperly: (1) denied his motion

to terminate or reduce alimony because of his retirement; (2) denied his motion

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                                         11
for reconsideration; and (3) awarded counsel fees to defendant for an application

New Jersey law expressly provides a payor spouse may make.

                                           II.

      "[W]e accord great deference to discretionary decisions of Family Part

judges," Milne v. Goldenberg, 428 N.J. Super. 184, 197 (App. Div. 2012), in

recognition "of the family courts' special jurisdiction and expertise in family

matters," N.J. Div. of Youth & Fam. Servs. v. M.C. III, 201 N.J. 328, 343 (2010)

(quoting Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 413 (1998)). We are bound by the trial

court's factual findings so long as they are supported by sufficient credible

evidence. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. M.M., 189 N.J. 261, 279 (2007)

(citing In re Guardianship of J.T., 269 N.J. Super. 172, 188 (App. Div. 1993)).

"A trial court's interpretation of the law and the legal consequences that flow

from established facts are not entitled to any special deference." Hitesman v.

Bridgeway, Inc., 218 N.J. 8, 26 (2014) (quoting Manalapan Realty, LP v. Twp.

Comm. of Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378 (1995)).

      The court is required to examine and weigh a list of objective

considerations when it reviews an alimony termination or modification request

for an obligor who has retired. Landers v. Landers, 444 N.J. Super. 315, 321

(2016) (citation omitted). If the alimony order pre-dates September 10, 2014,

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                                      12
the request for modification or termination must be reviewed under N.J.S.A.

2A:34-23(j)(3). That section expressly requires "[i]n making its determination,

the court shall consider the ability of the obligee to have saved adequately for

retirement . . . [and] whether the obligor, by a preponderance of the evidence,

has demonstrated that modification or termination of alimony is appropriate ."

N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(j)(3). The obligee's ability to have adequately saved is set

"apart from other considerations and require[s] . . . explicit analysis." Landers,

444 N.J. Super. at 324 (citing N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(j)(3)).

      The statute requires the court to consider other factors, which include:

            (a) The age and health of the parties at the time of the
            application;

            (b) The obligor's field of employment and the generally
            accepted age of retirement for those in that field;

            (c) The age when the obligor becomes eligible for
            retirement at the obligor's place of employment,
            including mandatory retirement dates or the dates upon
            which continued employment would no longer increase
            retirement benefits;

            (d) The obligor's motives in retiring, including any
            pressures to retire applied by the obligor's employer or
            incentive plans offered by the obligor's employer;

            (e) The reasonable expectations of the parties regarding
            retirement during the marriage or civil union and at the
            time of the divorce or dissolution;

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                                       13
            (f) The ability of the obligor to maintain support
            payments following retirement, including whether the
            obligor will continue to be employed part-time or work
            reduced hours;

            (g) The obligee's level of financial independence and
            the financial impact of the obligor's retirement upon the
            obligee; and

            (h) Any other relevant factors affecting the parties'
            respective financial positions.

            [N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(j)(3)(a) to (h).]

      Under this statute, "retirement age" means "the age at which a person is

eligible to receive full retirement for full retirement benefits under section 216

of the federal Social Security Act [(SSA), 42 U.S.C. § 416]." N.J.S.A. 2A:34 -

23. Per the SSA, "retirement age" is, "with respect to an individual who attains

early retirement age after December 31, 2016, and before January 1, 2022,

[sixty-six] years of age plus the number of months in the age increase factor . . .

for the calendar year in which such individual attains early retirement age." 42

U.S.C. § 416(l)(1)(D). For those who attain "early retirement age" between

2017 and 2021, "the age increase factor shall be equal to two-twelfths of the

number of months in the period beginning with January 2017 and ending with

December of the year in which the individual attains early retirement age." 42

U.S.C. § 416(l)(3)(B).

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                                       14
      Plaintiff was born in March 1959 and retired from his carpenter job at the

age of fifty-nine years old on April 1, 2018. Therefore, he becomes eligible for

social security benefits when he attains retirement on June 30, 2025, at age sixty-

six years and four months old. 42 U.S.C. § 416(l)(1)(D); (3)(B). As the judge

aptly found, "[t]he plaintiff is . . . [sixty-one] years old. He's not . . . at the age

where, under the statute, he's presumed to be at . . . good faith retirement."

Therefore, the judge correctly applied N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(j)(3) in reaching his

determination because the ADJD was finalized before the effective date of the

statute—September 2014. See N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(j)(3).

      Importantly, "alimony and support orders define only the present

obligations of the former spouses," and therefore, "are always subject to review

and modification upon a showing of 'changed circumstances.'" Crews v. Crews,

164 N.J. 11, 24 (2000) (quoting Lepis v. Lepis, 83 N.J. 139, 146 (1980)); see

also N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23 ("[Alimony orders] may be revised and altered by the

court from time to time as circumstances may require."). The moving party

"bears the burden of making a prima facie showing of changed circumstances"

to initiate this modification. Crews, 164 N.J. at 28 (quoting Miller v. Miller,

160 N.J. 408, 420 (1999)). Changed circumstances generally means a recent

inability to support himself or herself. Lepis, 83 N.J. at 157.

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      "Alimony is an economic right that arises out of the marital relationship

and provides the dependent spouse with a level of support and standard of living

generally commensurate with the quality of economic life that existed during

the marriage." Quinn v. Quinn, 225 N.J. 34, 48 (2016) (internal quotations

omitted) (quoting Mani v. Mani, 183 N.J. 70, 80 (2005)). This allows for the

spouses to continue living according to "the standard of living enjoyed by the

parties prior to their separation" and "to share in the accumulated marital ass ets

to which he or she contributed." Ibid. (first quoting Mani, 183 N.J. at 80; and

then quoting Konzelman v. Konzelman, 158 N.J. 185, 195 (1999)).

      Plaintiff's claim that his alimony and life insurance obligations should be

terminated or modified is without merit. The judge carefully applied N.J.S.A.

2A:34-23(j)(3)'s eight factors, and his findings appear well supported by the

record. Contrary to plaintiff's contention, it was not error for the judge to focus

on plaintiff's general state of good health and ability to work at some sort of job.

Moreover, it is unclear from the record whether plaintiff is currently working

while collecting his pensions.     And, the judge correctly analyzed N.J.S.A.

2A:34-23(j)(4) by not considering the assets distributed between the parties at

the time the ADJD was entered. The judge conducted the requisite analysis here.

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                                       III.

      Our standard of review on a motion for reconsideration is deferential.

Branch v. Cream-O-Land Dairy, 244 N.J. 567, 582 (2021) (citing Kornbleuth v.

Westover, 241 N.J. 289, 301 (2020)). "Motions for reconsideration are governed

by Rule 4:49-2, which provides that the decision to grant or deny a motion for

reconsideration rests within the sound discretion of the trial court."     Pitney

Bowes Bank, Inc. v. ABC Caging Fulfillment, 440 N.J. Super. 378, 382 (App.

Div. 2015) (citing Cap. Fin. Co. of Del. Valley, Inc. v. Asterbadi, 398 N.J.

Super. 299, 310 (App. Div. 2008)).

      Reconsideration "is not appropriate merely because a litigant is

dissatisfied with a decision of the court or wishes to reargue a motion." Palombi

v. Palombi, 414 N.J. Super. 274, 288 (App. Div. 2010).          "[A] motion for

reconsideration provides the court, and not the litigant, with an opportunity to

take a second bite at the apple to correct errors inherent in a prior ruling."

Medina v. Pitta, 442 N.J. Super. 1, 18 (App. Div. 2015). It "does not provide

the litigant with an opportunity to raise new legal issues that were not presented

to the court in the underlying motion." Ibid. (citing Cummings v. Bahr, 295 N.J.

Super. 374, 384 (App. Div. 1996)). Thus, here, the judge did not abuse his

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discretion by rejecting plaintiff's argument that defendant could sufficiently save

money for her retirement.

      Plaintiff asserts the judge overlooked "[d]efendant's WSFS checking and

savings accounts containing approximately $128,000, which is in addition to

[d]efendant[']s . . . [IRA]." Plaintiff argues the judge erred on this point because

the ADJD did not include or equitably divide the WSFS accounts or thereby any

income generated from these accounts for alimony calculation purposes. On the

contrary, defendant certified these assets were derived primarily from assets

distributed by way of equitable distribution.

      The judge considered these facts and concluded that in any event,

$128,000 is an inadequate amount of savings for defendant's retirement to justify

termination of plaintiff's support obligations to her. Indeed, the judge estimated

defendant would exhaust her savings in less than four years if she had to rely

solely on her $128,000 in savings without receiving alimony payments. The

judge's decision is based upon substantial credible evidence in the record.

      We also reject plaintiff's argument that the judge erred by not

reconsidering defendant's $762 monthly maintenance expense and her $173

monthly commuting expense. For the sake of argument, the judge reduced

defendant's expenses for these items to $100 and $50 respectively, thereby

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                                        18
decreasing her monthly budget from $3,739 to $2,954. On an annual basis using

these reduced figures, defendant's budget would be $35,448. Without alimony

and her 2019 earned income of $33,733, the judge found defendant would have

a monthly deficit of $142.92. The judge's decision was based on defendant's

CIS and 2019 income tax return and did not constitute error. Palombi, 414 N.J.

Super. at 288.

                                       IV.

      We next address the counsel fees awarded to defendant. Plaintiff argues

the judge erred because he filed a "good faith application" to terminate or modify

his alimony and life insurance obligations under the September 10, 2014

amendment to the alimony statute, which he asserts enabled "a fairer process for

ending alimony obligations of retired ex-spouses."

      Trial courts are authorized to award counsel fees in family actions.

N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23; R. 4:42-9(a)(1); R. 5:3-5(c). The award of counsel fees falls

within the sound discretion of the trial court. Bisbing v. Bisbing, 468 N.J. Super.

112, 121 (App. Div. 2021) (citing Williams v. Williams, 59 N.J. 229, 233

(1971)) (citations omitted). Rule 5:3-5(c) enumerates nine factors the court

should consider in making an award of counsel fees in a family action.

            In a nutshell, in awarding counsel fees, the court must
            consider whether the party requesting the fees is in

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             financial need; whether the party against whom the fees
             are sought has the ability to pay; the good or bad faith
             of either party in pursuing or defending the action; the
             nature and extent of the services rendered; and the
             reasonableness of the fees.

             [Mani, 183 N.J. at 94-95 (emphasis in original)
             (citations omitted).]

A trial judge's failure to consider the appropriate factors, make the required

findings, and state its conclusions of law constitutes a clear abuse of discretion.

See Saffos v. Avaya Inc., 419 N.J. Super. 244, 270-71 (App. Div. 2011); R. 1:7-

4(a).

        "A lawyer's fee must be reasonable." Giarusso v, Giarusso, 455 N.J.

Super. 42, 50 (App. Div. 2018) (quoting Rosenberg v. Rosenberg, 286 N.J.

Super. 58, 69 (App. Div. 1995)). Determining the reasonableness of the fee

"involves determining the number of hours reasonably expended multiplied by

a reasonable hourly rate." Id. at 51 (citing Rendine v. Pantzer, 141 N.J. 292,

334-35 (1995)). The factors to be considered include "the time and labor

required," "the results obtained," and "whether the fee is fixed or contingent."

Ibid. (citing RPC 1.5(a)(1), (4), and (8)).

        We apply a deferential standard of review. An appellate court will not

disturb a counsel fee award in a matrimonial case except "on the 'rarest

occasion,' and then only because of clear abuse of discretion."         Strahan v.

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                                        20
Strahan, 402 N.J. Super. 298, 317 (App. Div. 2008) (quoting Rendine, 141 N.J.

at 317). "An abuse of discretion occurs when a trial court makes 'findings

inconsistent with or unsupported by competent evidence,' utilizes 'irrelevant or

inappropriate factors,' or 'fail[s] to consider controlling legal principles.'" Steele

v. Steele, 467 N.J. Super. 414, 444 (App. Div. 2021).

      Here, the judge awarded defendant attorney's fees to defendant on

plaintiff's initial motion and relative to his motion for reconsideration. In his

July 10, 2020 order, the judge ordered $3,550 in counsel fees to defendant after

considering the relevant factors, "including the parties' respective incomes." As

to the August 28, 2020 order, the judge again reviewed the relevant factors and

awarded $3,095 in counsel fees to defendant emphasizing "in particular the

parties' respective incomes, respective financial circumstances, and ability of

each party to pay his or her own fees, the reasonableness of the positions

advanced, the extent of the fees incurred[,] and the results obtained." We discern

no abuse of discretion.

      Moreover, plaintiff's contention that his motions were filed in good faith

is not dispositive. Regarding counsel fee applications, the court shall consider

"the good or bad faith of either party." N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23. The statute "in

unmistakable terms authorizes a trial court to take into consideration the good

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or bad faith of the party against whom counsel fees are sought to be assessed."

Kothari v. Kothari, 255 N.J. Super. 500, 513 (App. Div. 1992).

      The judge here did not specifically address the good faith or bad faith

positions of either party but highlighted that plaintiff forced defendant to incur

counsel fees to defend the motions and noted the motion for reconsideration

presented the same arguments as the first motion. All the relief sought by

plaintiff was denied. Hence, the award of counsel fees in both instances was not

an abuse of discretion.

      To the extent that we have not specifically addressed any of plaintiff's

remaining arguments, we conclude they lack sufficient merit to warrant

discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.

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