Court Opinion

ID: 4405544
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-06-11 18:47:16.763353+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:52:36.464344
License: Public Domain

J-S23043-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :          PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JOSHUA WESTOVER                            :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :     No. 169 WDA 2019

               Appeal from the Order Entered November 8, 2018
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Jefferson County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-33-CR-0000402-2010

BEFORE:       BENDER, P.J.E., NICHOLS, J., and COLINS*, J.

MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.:                                    FILED JUNE 11, 2019

        Appellant, Joshua Westover, appeals, pro se, from the order denying

her1 “Motion for Nominal Bail.” We affirm.

        The   procedural     history    underlying   this   appeal   was   previously

summarized by this Court as follows:

        On January 10, 2011, Appellant pleaded guilty to two counts each
        of indecent assault and corruption of minors.[2] On April 6, 2011,
        the trial court sentenced Appellant to five to ten years'
        imprisonment followed by ten years’ probation. Appellant did not
        file a direct appeal. On December 5, 2011, Appellant filed [her]
        first [Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”)3] petition, pro se. The
        PCRA court appointed counsel. Appellant filed a counseled motion
        to withdraw [her] petition on July 19, 2012, which the PCRA court
____________________________________________

1 While Appellant previously used male pronouns in filings before the PCRA
court, Appellant uses female pronouns and refers to herself as “Ms. Westover”
in the papers related to this appeal.
2   18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3126(a)(7) and 6301(a)(1), respectively.
3   42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541–9546.

*    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S23043-19

       granted the same day. Appellant filed a second pro se petition on
       August 20, 2012. The PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907
       notice of intent to dismiss on August 23, 2012, and dismissed the
       petition on November 20, 2012. Appellant did not appeal.
       On December 5, 2013, Appellant filed a third pro se PCRA petition.
       The PCRA court issued a Rule 907 on December 10, 2013, and
       dismissed Appellant’s petition on January 2, 2014. Appellant filed
       a timely notice of appeal on January 28, 2014.

Commonwealth v. Westover, No. 1627 WDA 2015, unpublished judgment

order at 1-2 (Pa. Super. filed April 12, 2016) (footnotes omitted). This Court

affirmed the dismissal of Appellant’s third PCRA petition. Id. at 3.

       Appellant filed four additional pro se PCRA petitions on October 7, 2015,

December 30, 2016, October 19, 2017, and April 19, 2018; each of these

petitions was found to be untimely by the PCRA court.4 On November 5, 2018,

Appellant filed the Motion for Nominal Bail at issue here.     In that motion,

____________________________________________

4 Appellant filed her fourth PCRA petition, pro se, in Commonwealth Court,
and this petition was transferred to the PCRA court on October 7, 2015. The
PCRA court issued a Rule 907 notice on June 23, 2016 and dismissed the
petition on July 19, 2016. Appellant did not appeal the denial of her fourth
PCRA petition. On December 30, 2016, Appellant filed her fifth PCRA petition,
pro se. The PCRA court issued a Rule 907 notice on January 5, 2017; no
order, however, appears on the PCRA court’s docket disposing of the fifth
PCRA petition. Appellant filed her sixth PCRA petition, pro se, on October 19,
2017. On October 24, 2017, the PCRA court filed a Rule 907 notice, and the
court dismissed the sixth PCRA petition on December 1, 2017. Appellant did
not file an appeal of the denial of her sixth PCRA petition. Appellant filed her
seventh PCRA petition, pro se, on April 19, 2018. The PCRA court issued a
Rule 907 notice on May 11, 2018, and dismissed the seventh PCRA petition
on June 21, 2018. Appellant attempted to appeal the seventh PCRA petition
by filing a notice of appeal in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and the
notice of appeal was transferred to this Court; this appeal, however, is not
presently before us.

                                           -2-
J-S23043-19

Appellant requested that she be afforded the opportunity to post nominal bail

to be released from incarceration pending the resolution of an appeal that she

had filed in the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Motion at 2. No PCRA

petition was pending in the PCRA court on the date that Appellant filed the

Motion for Nominal Bail. The PCRA court entered an order denying the Motion

on November 8, 2018. Appellant thereafter filed a timely appeal of the PCRA

court’s November 8, 2018 order.5

       Appellant included the following statement of questions involved in her

appellate brief:

       1. Is a Plea Bargain (in [its] essence) a Contract?
       2. Can an Invalid Contract be enforced?
       3. Can an Invalid Contract be Time Barred?
       4. Does a Court of any American Power have the Jurisdiction to
       act Contrary to the Law, Constitution or the very Standards of
       Jurisprudence?
       5. Does the act of enforcing an illegal contract or invalid Plea
       Bargain act Contrary to the Law, Constitution or Standards of
       Jurisprudence?
       6. [Can] Jurisdiction (or the Lack of) or issues of Jurisdiction at
       any time be waived?
       7. By constitutional Standards, enforced servitude is illegal unless
       lawfully convicted, so if one isn’t Lawfully convicted an enforced
       servitude occurs, is one being Subject to enslavement by a
       Government body?
       8. If All parties were aware that they lacked Jurisdiction to enforce
       an illegal Plea/Contract and they still did so, are they in Fact taking
       part in illegal slave trade/trading?

____________________________________________

5Appellant filed her statement of errors complained of on appeal on January
9, 2019, and the PCRA court entered its opinion on January 10, 2019.

                                           -3-
J-S23043-19

        9. Can the Presiding Judge take an Active Part in Plea Proceedings
        to Coerce a Defendant into taking a Plea Bargain?
        10. If a Judge questions the Mental Competency of a Defendant
        and holds no hearing to determine said Competency, can the
        Defend[ant’s] Competency be upheld as sound, sane, or
        Intelligent[?]

Appellant’s Brief at 2-4 (suggested answers omitted).

        The questions presented by Appellant in her brief were not preserved in

this appeal. Appellant’s appellate brief sets forth an entirely different set of

issues as her Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on

appeal.6 Because issues not presented in a concise statement are waived for

purpose of appeal, each of the issues that Appellant argues in her appellate

____________________________________________

6   Appellant stated the following errors in her Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement:
     1.) Petitioner has served 80% of her Time incarcerated without Parole
     even seeing her.
     2.) Petitioner is in Fact being denied Proper Medical Care and is suing
     via § 1983 the D.O.C.
     3.) Petitioner has a Habeas Corpus Petition pending in the Superior
     Court of Pennsylvania, and, as such, can apply For Nominal Bail.
     4.) Petitioner will win her Case from Streets without the Financial
     Handicap of incarceration and will in Fact be able to afford Legal
     Representation which she has been denied Access to.
     5.) Petitioner has never been a threat to her humble town of Rossiter,
     PA in Indiana County where she lived in Peace until Lies incarcerated
     her against her will.
     6.) There’s been no Opinion of the Court filed by the Presiding Judge
     given the fact a Court Order was Filed denying Petitioner’s Motion for
     Nominal Bail in November of 2018, Nor is there any logical reason for
     Denying her Bail except as to deny a Near Certain Victory in the United
     States District Courts where the Commonwealth’s errors are subject to
     Federal Laws and Standards of Review.
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Concise Statement, 1/9/19, ¶¶1-6.

                                           -4-
J-S23043-19

brief are waived. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii) (“Issues not included in the

Statement and/or not raised in accordance with the provisions of this

paragraph (b)(4) are waived.”); Commonwealth v. Proctor, 156 A.3d 261,

267 (Pa. Super. 2017) (“[I]t is well-settled that issues that are not set forth

in an appellant’s statement of matters complained of on appeal are deemed

waived.”) (citation, quotation marks, and brackets omitted).

      Moreover, none of the issues argued in Appellant’s brief relate to the

issue of whether she is entitled to be released on nominal bail pending

collateral review of her conviction in state or federal court.    An issue not

presented in the statement of questions presented portion of an appellant’s

brief is generally deemed waived except where the brief otherwise states the

issue to be reviewed and the defect does not impede our ability to address the

merits of the issue.   Werner v. Werner, 149 A.3d 338, 341 (Pa. Super.

2016). Appellant likewise fails to raise any issues in the argument section of

her brief concerning whether she was entitled to bail pending collateral review.

“[W]here an appellate brief fails to provide any discussion of a claim with

citation to relevant authority or fails to develop the issue in any other

meaningful fashion capable of review, that claim is waived.”          Wirth v.

Commonwealth, 95 A.3d 822, 837 (Pa. 2014) (citation omitted). Therefore,

any issue pertaining to the order denying Appellant’s Motion for Nominal Bail

is waived.

      Even if we were to reach the merits of this appeal from the PCRA court’s

November 8, 2018 order denying the Motion for Nominal Bail, we would find

                                     -5-
J-S23043-19

no grounds to reverse.      We review a lower court order denying a bail

application for an abuse of discretion and will reverse only where the court

misapplies the law, the court’s judgment is manifestly unreasonable, or the

evidence of record shows that the court’s decision is a result of partiality,

prejudice, bias, or ill will. Commonwealth v. Bishop, 829 A.2d 1170, 1172

(Pa. Super. 2003).

      Generally, “a lower court’s power to set bail is valid until the defendant’s

direct appeal rights are exhausted,” and the lower court lacks any authority

to set bail during the pendency of post-conviction collateral proceedings.

Commonwealth v. Dunlavey, 805 A.2d 562, 565 (Pa. Super. 2002)

(interpreting Pa.R.Crim.P. 534); see also Commonwealth v. McMaster,

730 A.2d 524, 527 (Pa. Super. 1999). Nevertheless, this Court has recognized

that a PCRA petitioner “may be admitted to bail pending disposition of the

petition when such an order would be necessary in the interest of justice in

certain exceptional cases for compelling reasons.” McMaster, 730 A.2d at

527 n.1; Commonwealth v. McDermott, 547 A.2d 1236, 1242 (Pa. Super.

1988). This Court stated that such “compelling reasons” for release on bail

pending the disposition of a PCRA petition include:

      egregious factual situations in which it may become so obvious to
      the [PCRA] court that the petitioner will ultimately prevail on the
      merits of his [PCRA] proceeding that it would be manifestly unjust
      for him to continue to serve one more day of incarceration as the
      result of a conviction which made a mockery of justice.

                                      -6-
J-S23043-19

Commonwealth v. Bonaparte, 530 A.2d 1351, 1355 (Pa. Super. 1987)

(Kelley, J., plurality; Cavanaugh, J. and Montemuro, J. concurring in result)

(citation omitted).7

       In this case, it is clear that the PCRA court properly denied Appellant’s

request to be released on nominal bail.          First, there was no PCRA petition

pending at the time Appellant filed her Motion.8 While Appellant alleged in the

Motion that she currently has an appeal before the Court of Appeals for the

Third Circuit, we are aware of no authority that would permit a PCRA court to

order the release of a state inmate on bail pending the resolution of a federal

collateral proceeding. Moreover, even assuming the PCRA court could have

released Appellant on bail pending the resolution of a federal post-conviction

proceeding, Appellant did not identify any compelling reasons in her Motion

for Nominal Bail or in this appeal that her release would be necessary in the

interests of justice.9

       Order affirmed.

____________________________________________

7We recognize that this language in Bonaparte is the opinion of one judge
and not an opinion of the panel; this Court, however, previously relied on
Bonaparte in McMaster, 730 A.2d at 527 n.1, and McDermott, 547 A.2d at
1242-43, and we also find Bonaparte persuasive here.
8 Appellant filed her eighth PCRA petition on December 3, 2018, subsequent
to the filing of Motion for Nominal Bail and the Court’s November 8, 2018 order
denying the Motion.
9 Appellant did not recite any of the allegations in the federal collateral
proceeding that would justify her release, simply asserting conclusively that
her “Appeal will free her from the Manifest Injustice done to her.” Motion ¶4
(emphasis in original).

                                           -7-
J-S23043-19

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 6/11/2019

                          -8-