Court Opinion

ID: 5136429
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-12-20 15:07:59.097532+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:23:55.748399
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                            APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
     This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
  internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                     SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                     APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                     DOCKET NO. A-0901-20

IN THE MATTER OF ZORAIDA
ROSA, HUMAN SERVICE
SPECIALIST 2, BILINGUAL
SPANISH/ENGLISH (PC1879U),
CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
_____________________________

                Argued December 9, 2021 – Decided December 20, 2021

                Before Judges Alvarez and Haas.

                On appeal from the New Jersey Civil Service
                Commission, Docket No. 2020-739.

                Carl N. Tripician argued the cause for appellant Zoraida
                Rosa.

                Theodore E. Baker, Assistant County Counsel, argued
                the cause for respondent County of Cumberland (John
                G. Carr, Cumberland County Counsel, attorney;
                Melissa D. Strickland, Assistant County Counsel, on
                the brief).

                Andrew J. Bruck, Acting Attorney General, attorney for
                respondent New Jersey Civil Service Commission
                (Debra A. Allen, Deputy Attorney General, on the
                statement in lieu of brief).

PER CURIAM
      Zoraida Rosa challenges the Civil Service Commission's October 21, 2020

final decision, denying her appeal from Cumberland County's decision to bypass

her on the list of eligible candidates for promotion to the position of Human

Service Specialist 2, Bilingual Spanish/English.       Rosa was the first listed

eligible. The County selected the second, third, fifth, and sixth ranked eligibles

after removing the fourth ranked eligible.

      Rosa contends the County failed to adequately state its reasons for

bypassing her, as required by In re Foglio, 207 N.J. 38 (2011). She also asserts

the County should have provided additional documentation to the Commission

concerning the personnel records and qualifications of the four successful

candidates. We affirm.

      Rosa worked for the County as a Human Services Specialist 1. She

applied for a promotion to a Human Service Specialist 2, Bilingual

Spanish/English position. Rosa completed the examination and the Commission

placed her on the promotion list. Rosa ranked first out of six eligible candidates.

      Despite this ranking, the County invoked the "Rule of Three" and

bypassed Rosa to promote instead the candidates ranked second, third, fifth, and

sixth on the list. On August 16, 2019, the County's Director of the Division of

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Social Services sent Rosa a letter explaining the Director's reasons not to select

her for the position.

      On September 6, 2019, Rosa appealed the County's decision to the

Commission.     Rosa asserted she was the most qualified candidate for the

position based on her prior experience, satisfactory employment evaluations,1

and lack of disciplinary record.

      On September 23, 2019, the Commission sent a letter to Rosa and the

County acknowledging receipt of Rosa's appeal. The Commission directed the

County to submit a statement of reasons for bypassing Rosa along with "all

supporting documentation within [twenty] calendar days of receipt of this

letter." The Commission advised Rosa she would have twenty days to respond.

      The County filed its statement of reasons for the bypass on October 9,

2019. The County stated:

             The eligible list included [five] individuals who were
             all interviewed and considered for the promotional
             positions. Four of the [five] individuals were promoted
             to the position of Human Services Specialist [2,
             Bilingual Spanish/English]. The rationale for not
             promoting . . . Rosa are [sic] as follows:

1
 Rosa submitted copies of her resume and some of her recent evaluations to the
Commission.
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            1     . . . Rosa's error rate for eligibility determination
                  accuracy was vastly inferior to the candidates
                  who were selected.

            2.    . . . Rosa's quantity of work was vastly inferior to
                  the candidates who were selected.

            3.    Critical errors have been discovered by State
                  Agencies regarding . . . Rosa's work.

            4.    . . . Rosa's organizational skills are rated below
                  minimum standards.

            5.    . . . Rosa's basic knowledge regarding various
                  programs are determined to be below standards.

            6.     . . . Rosa has been found to not follow quality
                  control protocols within the department.

            7.    The other candidates have demonstrated the
                  ability to accurately complete determinations for
                  [the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program
                  (SNAP)] and [the Temporary Assistance for
                  Needy Families program (TANF)] to the degree
                  they do not require a second party review upon
                  approval of benefits.      . . . Rosa has not
                  demonstrated that ability.

The County also supplied a copy of a counseling letter it sent to Rosa on

September 11, 2019; notes concerning Rosa's interview;2 Rosa's monthly error

2
  The notes for Rosa's interview were on a grid which also contained notes for
three of the four successful candidates.
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rate notes; two emails concerning Rosa's error rates, and "several Workers Work

Load & Error Report[s] from 2019."

      Significantly, Rosa did not respond to the County's statement of reasons.

Thus, she did not refute any of the reasons the County listed in its October 9,

2019 letter and did not address the County's documentation.

      On October 23, 2020, the Commission denied Rosa's appeal. In its written

decision, the Commission stated:

            While [Rosa] has argued that she met all the
            requirements for promotion and that she is more
            qualified than the appointed candidates, the [County]
            has argued otherwise. It indicates that [Rosa] was
            bypassed because of several deficiencies in her work
            and the ability of the selected candidates to perform
            certain work without the need for second party review.
            The [County] provided supporting documentation in
            support of its determination. However, [Rosa] has not
            rebutted the [County's] assertions.

The Commission continued:

            [Rosa] has not presented any substantive evidence
            regarding her bypass that would lead the Commission
            to conclude that the bypass was improper or an abuse
            of the [County's] discretion under the "Rule of Three."
            Moreover, the [County] presented legitimate reasons
            for [Rosa's] bypass that have not been persuasively
            refuted. Accordingly, a thorough review of the record
            indicates that the [County's] bypass of [Rosa's] name on
            the Human Service Specialist 2, Bilingual
            Spanish/English . . . , Cumberland County eligible list

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                                       5
            was proper and [Rosa] has failed to meet her burden of
            proof in this matter.

This appeal followed.

      An appellate court has "a limited role" in the review of administrative

agency decisions. Henry v. Rahway State Prison, 81 N.J. 571, 579 (1980). We

will not upset a determination by the Commission unless it is arbitrary,

capricious, or unreasonable or it lacks fair support in the record as a whole. Id.

at 579-80. A strong presumption of reasonableness attaches to the Commission's

decision. In re Carroll, 339 N.J. Super. 429, 437 (App. Div. 2001), as we "defer

to an agency's expertise and superior knowledge of a particular field." Outland

v. Bd. of Trs. of the Tchrs.' Pension & Annuity Fund, 326 N.J. Super. 395, 400

(App. Div. 1999).

      In determining if an agency's decision is arbitrary, capricious, or

unreasonable, we consider:

            (1) whether the agency's action violates express or
            implied legislative policies, that is, did the agency
            follow the law; (2) whether the record contains
            substantial evidence to support the findings on which
            the agency based its action; and (3) whether in applying
            the legislative policies to the facts, the agency clearly
            erred in reaching a conclusion that could not reasonably
            have been made on a showing of the relevant factors.

            [In re Carter, 191 N.J. 474, 482-83 (2007) (quoting
            Mazza v. Bd. of Trs., 143 N.J. 22, 25 (1995)).]

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      We "may not substitute [our] own judgment for the agency's even though

[we] might have reached a different result." Id. at 483 (quoting Greenwood v.

State Police Training Ctr., 127 N.J. 500, 513 (1992)). We are not, however,

"bound by the agency's interpretation of a statute or its determination of a strictly

legal issue." Richardson v. Bd. of Trs., 192 N.J. 189, 196 (2007) (quoting In re

Taylor, 158 N.J. 644, 658 (1999)).

      The Rule of Three affords an appointing authority flexibility in selecting

a candidate for employment or promotion, within the context of a competitive

civil service system. See Foglio, 207 N.J. at 45-46. "When an appointing

authority requests a list of candidates for a vacant position, the Commission will

issue a certification 'containing the names and addresses of the eligibles with the

highest rankings on the appropriate list.'" Id. at 44 (quoting N.J.A.C. 4A:4-2(a)).

The regulations require a final list of three interested eligible candidates for each

permanent position. N.J.A.C. 4A:4-4.2(c)(2). As long as the list is valid, the

appointing authority must fill its position from a candidate on that list. Foglio,

207 N.J. at 44.

      However, the appointing authority need not select the highest ranked

candidate of the three. Id. at 46. The objectives of the Rule are twofold: (1)

the Rule ensures "appointments based on merit as determined by competitive

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examinations"; while (2) affording the employer "some discretion to

accommodate other merit criteria." Ibid. (quoting In re Martinez, 403 N.J.

Super. 58, 72 (App. Div. 2008)).

      The discretion of appointing authorities may not be "exercised in a way

inconsistent with 'merit' considerations." Ibid. (quoting Terry v. Mercer Cnty.

Bd. of Chosen Freeholders, 86 N.J. 141, 149-50 (1981)). The Court noted that

Civil Service regulations long required an appointing authority to provide a

statement of reasons for choosing to bypass a higher-ranked candidate. Id. at

46-47. At the time Foglio was decided, N.J.A.C. 4A:4-4.8(b)(4) expressly

required a "statement of the reasons why the appointee was selected instead of

a higher ranked eligible." Id. at 46.3 "The purpose of that regulation is to guard

against favoritism and arbitrary actions by an appointing authority and

facilitate[] administrative review . . . ." Ibid. (alteration in original) (internal

quotation marks omitted). In other words, the statement helps assure that the

appointing authority's decision "did not violate merit and fitness principles [,]"

which lie at the heart of the competitive civil service system. Id. at 41.

3
 The Commission repealed N.J.A.C. 4A:4-4.8(b)(4) effective May 7, 2012. See
44 N.J.R. 137(a) (Jan. 17, 2012); 44 N.J.R. 1333(b) (May 7, 2012).
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      An aggrieved applicant generally bears the burden to establish that the

appointing authority's decision is arbitrary or capricious.       Id. at 47 (citing

N.J.A.C. 4A:2-1.4(c)). However, where an appointing authority fails to provide

a meaningful statement of reasons for bypassing a higher-ranked candidate, the

burden rests on the appointing authority to justify its actions. Id. at 49 ("In the

absence of such reasons, the appointment is presumably in violation of the

principles of merit and fitness, and it is the [appointing authority] that bears the

burden of justifying its action.").

      The Court indicated that the statement of reasons is grounded in the

constitutional provision governing competitive civil service:

             Our Constitution requires all appointment or promotion
             decisions be "merit and fitness" based, "as far as
             practicable" on competitive examination.              The
             competitive examination is the favored model because
             it provides an objective measure of the candidates'
             abilities. Where an appointing body chooses to bypass
             a candidate that ranked higher on a test, that decision is
             facially inconsistent with merit and fitness principles
             unless the appointing authority provides a statement of
             "legitimate" reasons for the bypass. Without those
             reasons, the [Civil Service Commission] can have no
             certainty that the appointment process was not
             exercised arbitrarily and would have no basis for
             review.

             [Id. at 48 (citations omitted).]

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      The statement of reasons must provide some insight into the appointing

authority's bypass decision. Id. at 48-49. Reasons may include preference for

"a college degree; or the performance of the applicants in the give-and-take of

an interview; or on extraordinary character and employment references." Id. at

49. "The possibilities are endless." Ibid. The Court has required that the

statement not be "conclusory" or "unrevealing." Ibid.

      In Foglio, the appointing authority explained in its statement of reasons

that it bypassed the appellant, the higher-ranked candidate, because the two

lower-ranked candidates "best [met the] needs of [the Fire] Department." Id. at

42. The Court dismissed the appointing authority's reason as "boilerplate" and

"equally applicable to any bypass case." Id. at 41. Noting what it deemed an

"utter[] lack[] in specific explanatory language," the Court found the statement

of reasons insufficient. Ibid.

      Here, the County provided the Commission with a detailed and

comprehensive explanation for its decision. It stated and documented that Rosa

made errors in her work, lacked knowledge "regarding various programs," did

"not follow quality control protocols within the department," and needed a

second party to review her assignments.

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                                      10
      These are, concededly, subjective and predictive judgments. However,

they relate to the County's assessment of the candidates' compatibility with

managerial objectives. Such factors are difficult to measure in a competitive

examination.      Under these circumstances, we are satisfied the County's

statement of reasons amply demonstrates it did not make its decision for

discriminatory or invalid reasons. Indeed, Rosa did not refute, or even respond

to, the County's statement of reasons. 4 Therefore, we will not disturb the

Commission's determination that the County's statement of reasons to bypass

Rosa was sufficient.

      Affirmed.

4
   The County also explained that the successful candidates performed better
than Rosa during their interviews and in their current positions. Rosa argues the
County should have provided additional documentation supporting this portion
of its explanation. However, the Court in Foglio made clear that a detailed
statement of reasons, like the one the County submitted here, was all that was
required. Foglio, 207 N.J. at 49. Moreover, there is no statutory or regulatory
support for the proposition that an appointing authority must provide an
unsuccessful candidate with the personnel records of the other applicants. See
N.J.A.C. 4A:1-2.2(b) ("Individual personnel records, [subject to certain
exceptions not applicable here], are not public records and shall not be released
other than to the subject employee, an authorized representative of the
employee, or governmental representatives in connection with their official
duties.").
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