Court Opinion

ID: 9838198
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-09-05 17:01:27.908061+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:35:53.286813
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        SEP 5 2023
                                                                     MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

HAROLD DAVIS,                                   No.   22-15804

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 4:19-cv-07650-HSG

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
PINTEREST, INC.,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                    for the Northern District of California
                Haywood S. Gilliam, Jr., District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted August 24, 2023
                            San Francisco, California

Before: BUMATAY, KOH, and DESAI, Circuit Judges.

      Plaintiff Harold Davis appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment

in favor of Defendant Pinterest, Inc. on his action alleging copyright infringement.

We affirm.

      We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review orders granting

motions for summary judgment de novo. UMG Recordings, Inc. v. Shelter Cap.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Partners LLC, 718 F.3d 1006, 1014 (9th Cir. 2013). We review orders imposing

sanctions for an abuse of discretion. Conn. Gen. Life Ins. Co. v. New Images of

Beverly Hills, 482 F.3d 1091, 1096 (9th Cir. 2007). We may affirm on any ground

supported by the record. Johnson v. Riverside Healthcare Sys., LP, 534 F.3d 1116,

1121 (9th Cir. 2008).

      1.     The district court did not abuse its discretion by refusing to consider

undisclosed and untimely allegations of infringement. Federal Rule of Civil

Procedure 16(f)(1)(C) authorizes a district court to “issue any just orders, including

those authorized by Rule 37(b)(2)(A)(ii)-(vii), if a party or its attorney . . . fails to

obey a scheduling or other pretrial order.” Rule 37(b)(2)(A)(ii) provides that a court

may prohibit “the disobedient party from supporting or opposing designated claims

or defenses, or from introducing designated matters in evidence.” Because Mr. Davis

violated, and did not seek relief from, the scheduling order, the district court did not

abuse its discretion by enforcing it. Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations, Inc., 975 F.2d

604, 608 (9th Cir. 1992) (“The scheduling order ‘control[s] the subsequent course

of the action’ unless modified by the court.” (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 16(e))).

Because the district court’s order prevented Mr. Davis from alleging new claims, it

did not amount to dismissal of Mr. Davis’s existing claims and the district court was

not required to identify willfulness, fault, or bad faith. See R & R Sails, Inc. v. Ins.

Co. of Pa., 673 F.3d 1240, 1247 (9th Cir. 2012).

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      2.     Mr. Davis’s copyright claim fails because Pinterest established that it

is entitled to safe harbor protection under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act

§ 512(c). 17 U.S.C. § 512(c). Section 512(c) limits service providers’ liability for

infringement “by reason of the storage at the direction of a user.” Id. § 512(c)(1).

Mr. Davis’s claim is for alleged infringement “by reason of the storage at the

direction of a user” because Pinterest’s content is uploaded entirely at the volition of

the user, and Pinterest does not exercise judgment in what to host. See UMG

Recordings, 718 F.3d at 1020. There is no genuine issue of material fact that

Pinterest’s algorithms and other processes for displaying content alter user-uploaded

content to facilitate access. See Ventura Content, Ltd. v. Motherless, Inc., 885 F.3d

597, 606 (9th Cir. 2018) (“Infringing material is stored at the direction of the user if

the service provider played no role in making that infringing material accessible on

its site or if the service provider carried out activities that were ‘narrowly directed’

towards enhancing the accessibility of the posts.” (quoting Mavrix Photographs,

LLC v. LiveJournal, Inc., 873 F.3d 1045, 1056 (9th Cir. 2017))). Because Mr. Davis

does not dispute the other elements of the safe harbor, his claim is thus precluded by

Section 512(c).

      AFFIRMED.

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