Court Opinion

ID: 2679737
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-06-20 17:00:09.067739+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:40:26.192613
License: Public Domain

DLD-275                                                       NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                ___________

                                     No. 13-4620
                                     ___________

                                JEREMY FONTANEZ,
                                           Appellant

                                           v.

                     COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
                     ____________________________________

                   On Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                           (D.C. Civil No. 5-13-cv-06265)
                     District Judge: Honorable Joel H. Slomsky
                    ____________________________________

        Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)
        or Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
                                   June 12, 2014
            Before: SMITH, HARDIMAN and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges

                             (Opinion filed: June 20, 2014)
                                      _________

                                      OPINION
                                      _________

PER CURIAM

      Pro se litigant Jeremy Fontanez appeals the District Court’s order dismissing his

complaint against the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. For the reasons set forth below,

we will summarily affirm.
       Fontanez filed this action in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on October 25,

2013. He is incarcerated at the United States Penitentiary in Hazelton, Pennsylvania, and

is currently pursuing an appeal for post-conviction relief in the Pennsylvania state courts.

Although he was appointed counsel, Fontanez attempted to file several documents with

the Superior Court of Pennsylvania pro se in the course of his PCRA appeal. These

documents were forwarded to his appointed counsel, unfiled, pursuant to the

Pennsylvania courts’ rule against hybrid representation.

       In the complaint at bar, Fontanez argued that this rule, detailed in Commonwealth

v. Jette, 23 A.3d 1032 (Pa. 2011), violated the federal constitution. In particular, he

argued that the rule violated the First Amendment right of access to the courts, the Sixth

Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel, the Fifth Amendment right to due

process of law, the Fourteenth Amendment right to equal protection under the law, and

the separation-of-powers doctrine. He sought an injunction that would force the

Pennsylvania Superior Court to accept and file his pro se documents despite his

represented status. Fontanez purported to bring these claims under 28 U.S.C. § 1331.

       The District Court dismissed the complaint with prejudice under 28 U.S.C. §

1915(e)(2)(B). Fontanez filed a timely notice of appeal. We have jurisdiction pursuant

to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and exercise plenary review over the District Court’s order. See

Allah v. Seiverling, 229 F.3d 220, 223 (3d Cir. 2000).

       The District Court construed the complaint as asserting a claim under 42 U.S.C.

§ 1983, and concluded that the Pennsylvania courts enjoy Eleventh Amendment
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immunity. Fontanez filed an unsuccessful motion for reconsideration asserting that his

claims arose under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, not § 1983. This distinction is unavailing because

§ 1331 is a jurisdictional statute. It can be read to confer a private right of action only in

the limited Bivens context, where a litigant sues federal actors for damages on

constitutional grounds. See Corr. Servs. Corp. v. Malesko, 534 U.S. 61, 66-70 (2001).

Fontanez brought this suit against the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, not a federal

actor. The private right of action for suing state actors for constitutional violations is §

1983 — see Brown v. Philip Morris, Inc., 250 F.3d 789, 800 (3d Cir. 2001) — which the

District Court correctly decided cannot stand here because the Commonwealth of

Pennsylvania and its courts enjoy Eleventh Amendment immunity from both damages

and injunctive relief. See Laskaris v. Thornburgh, 661 F.2d 23, 25-26 (3d Cir. 1981).

       Even were this not the case, Fontanez’s claims fail substantively. The thrust of his

complaint concerns a Pennsylvania litigant’s right to represent himself on appeal. But

there is no such right under the federal constitution. Although such a right does exist at

the trial level, the United States Supreme Court has made clear that this right does not

extend to appeals. See Martinez v. Court of Appeal of Cal., Fourth Appellate Dist., 528
U.S. 152, 154, 163-64 (2000). And rules limiting hybrid representation (in which a

litigant proceeds simultaneously by counsel and pro se) are constitutionally acceptable in

both the appellate and trial contexts. See United States v. Turner, 677 F.3d 570, 578-79

(3d Cir. 2012); see also McKaskle v. Wiggins, 465 U.S. 168, 183 (1984).

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       Lastly, Fontanez’s complaint falls short of the basic pleading standard for

asserting his claims. He fails to allege an actual injury in the context of his First

Amendment access-to-courts claim, which is a fatal flaw. See Monroe v. Beard, 536
F.3d 198, 205-06 (3d Cir. 2008). He then purports to state an equal protection claim, but

fails to allege its fundamental elements: that he is a member of a suspect class being

treated differently than others who are similarly situated. See City of Cleburne, Tex. v.

Cleburne Living Ctr., 473 U.S. 432, 439-42 (1985). And his Sixth Amendment, Due

Process, and separation-of-powers claims consist of conclusory, one-sentence assertions,

which are insufficient under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a). See Ashcroft v. Iqbal,

556 U.S. 662, 677-80 (2009).

       We are satisfied that amendment to Fontanez’s complaint would be futile, and thus

conclude that the District Court properly dismissed the complaint with prejudice. See

Grayson v. Mayview State Hosp., 293 F.3d 103, 114 (3d Cir. 2002). Accordingly, we

will summarily affirm the District Court’s order. See 3d Cir. L.A.R. 27.4; I.O.P. 10.6.

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