Court Opinion

ID: 4098944
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-11-16 21:01:18.407566+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:46:01.401723
License: Public Domain

FILED
                         NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                   NOV 16 2016
                  UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                 U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                          FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

SUNEARTH, INC., a California                 No. 13-17622
corporation; THE SOLARAY
CORPORATION, a Hawaiian corporation,         D.C. No. 4:11-cv-04991-CW

            Plaintiffs - Appellants,
                                             MEMORANDUM*
v.

SUN EARTH SOLAR POWER CO.,
LTD., a Chinese limited liability company,
FKA Ningbo Solar Electric Power Co.,
Ltd.; NBSOLAR USA INC., a California
corporation,

            Defendants - Appellees.

SUNEARTH, INC., a California                 No. 15-16096
corporation; THE SOLARAY
CORPORATION, a Hawaiian corporation,         D.C. No. 4:11-cv-04991-CW

            Plaintiffs - Appellants,

v.

SUN EARTH SOLAR POWER CO.,
LTD., a Chinese limited liability company,
FKA Ningbo Solar Electric Power Co.,
Ltd.; NBSOLAR USA INC., a California
corporation,

            Defendants - Appellees.
                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Northern District of California
                   Claudia Wilken, Senior District Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted December 8, 2015
                              San Francisco, California

Before: KOZINSKI, BYBEE, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.

       The district court did not abuse its discretion by granting an injunction that

permitted Sun Earth Solar Power Co., Ltd. and its subsidiary NBSolar USA Inc.

(collectively, “SESP”) to identify Sun Earth Solar Power Co., Ltd. as the

manufacturer, importer, or seller on goods “branded as NBSolar rather than Sun

Earth . . . to the minimum extent necessary as required by law or ordinary business

customs to operate within the United States under the NBSolar name.” When

fashioning an injunction to remedy trademark infringement, the district court has

the discretion to permit non-misleading uses of a trade name. See E. & J. Gallo

Winery v. Gallo Cattle Co., 967 F.2d 1280, 1297–98 (9th Cir. 1992). Nor does the

exception violate Rule 65(d)’s requirements that the order granting the injunction

“state its terms specifically” and “describe in reasonable detail . . . the act or acts

restrained.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d). An injunction allowing limited use of a

trademark need not “catalog the entire universe of possible uses” but must only, as

       *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.

                                            2
here, give the trademark holder “adequate notice” of the enjoined party’s

permissible uses. See GoTo.com, Inc. v. Walt Disney Co., 202 F.3d 1199, 1211

(9th Cir. 2000).

      In light of the en banc per curiam opinion in this matter, we do not decide

whether the district court erred in determining that this was not an exceptional

case. Octane Fitness, LLC v. ICON Health & Fitness, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 1749 (2014),

and Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Mgmt. Sys., Inc., 134 S. Ct. 1744 (2014),

altered the analysis of fee applications under the Lanham Act. Therefore, district

courts analyzing a request for fees under the Lanham Act should examine the

“totality of the circumstances” to determine if the case was exceptional, Octane

Fitness, 134 S. Ct. at 1756, exercising equitable discretion in light of the

nonexclusive factors identified in Octane Fitness and Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc., 510

U.S. 517, 534 n.19 (1994), and using a preponderance of the evidence standard,

Octane Fitness, 134 S. Ct. at 1758.

      The district court did not abuse its discretion in failing to order contempt

sanctions against SESP for infringing content on its independent distributors’

websites. The injunction only applied to websites maintained by SESP. Sun Earth,

Inc. has not shown that SESP engaged in the type of knowing, affirmative conduct

necessary for it to have aided or abetted its distributors’ violations. See Inst. of

                                            3
Cetacean Research v. Sea Shepherd Conservation Soc’y, 774 F.3d 935, 950–52

(9th Cir. 2014).

      Appellants also request attorney’s fees as damages for time expended

responding to SESP’s cross appeal. SESP filed a cross appeal, failed to prosecute

it, but refused to stipulate to dismissal. We recognize that appellants may be

entitled to a modest fee award due to this dilatory conduct, see 28 U.S.C. § 1912,

Fed. R. App. P. 38, and refer appellants’ motion to the Appellate Commissioner.

See 9th Cir. R. 39-1.9.

      Accordingly, we AFFIRM the district court’s permanent injunction and its

denial of sanctions, and REMAND to the district court for reconsideration of

whether appellant SunEarth Inc. is entitled to attorney’s fees.2 Parties shall bear

their own costs on appeal.

AFFIRMED IN PART AND REMANDED IN PART.

      2
             We also DENY Appellants’ motion to supplement the record as moot.

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