Court Opinion

ID: 2704203
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-08-04 20:21:32.768147+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:18:01.319953
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Drake v. Barclay's Bank Delaware, Inc., 2011-Ohio-5275.]

               Court of Appeals of Ohio
                              EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                 COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

                             JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                     No. 96451

                                    SHIRLEY DRAKE
                                                          PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT

                                                    vs.

         BARCLAYS BANK DELAWARE, INC., ET AL.
                                                          DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES

                                  JUDGMENT:
                            REVERSED AND REMANDED

                                     Civil Appeal from the
                               Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court
                                    Case No. CV-734663

        BEFORE:              Boyle, P.J., Rocco, J., and Keough, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED:                           October 13, 2011

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
                                         2

J. Gary Seewald
Law Firm of J. Gary Seewald
The Bradley Building, Suite 205
1220 West 6th Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES

K. Isaac Devyver
Dustin N. Pickens
Reed Smith Centre
225 Fifth Avenue
Suite 1200
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222

MARY J. BOYLE, P.J.:

      {¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Shirley Drake, appeals from the judgment of the trial

court submitting his case to arbitration and staying the proceedings. We find merit to

his appeal and reverse and remand.

      {¶ 2} In August 2010, Drake filed a complaint against defendants-appellees,

Barclays Bank Delaware, Inc. and Juniper Card Services, alleging fraud, breach of

contract, and various consumer violations.   According to the complaint, Drake entered

into a contract with appellees for credit card services sometime prior to 2009.   Drake
                                           3

closed his credit card account in July 2009.     In November of that same year, Drake

entered into an oral agreement with appellees where he agreed to pay them $100 per

month for the months of November, December, and January.        Drake claims that he paid

appellees as agreed, but asserts that appellees removed an extra $98 from his National

City Bank account for the months of December 2009 and January 2010 without his

approval for a total of $196, which also resulted in two returned check fees totaling

$146.

        {¶ 3} In October 2010, appellees moved to stay the proceedings and to compel

arbitration. In February 2011, appellees withdrew their motion to compel arbitration, and

moved “only for an order staying the proceedings in accordance with [R.C.] 2711.02,”

which the trial court granted. It is from this judgment that Drake appeals, raising two

assignments of error for our review:

        {¶ 4} “[1.] The trial court erred in granting the defendant[-]appellee’s motion to

compel arbitration because the arbitration clause as found in the contract prepared by the

defendant-appellee is both substantively and procedurally unconscionable.

        {¶ 5} “[2.] The trial court erred in granting the defendant-appellee’s motion to

compel arbitration thereby halting further legal proceedings and enforcing the arbitration

provision contained in an adhesion contract for a credit card without a hearing.”

                                       Hearing Requirement

        {¶ 6} We will address Drake’s second assignment of error first.   In doing so, we
                                           4

conclude that there is no merit to his argument that a hearing was required.     Because

appellees only moved to stay the proceedings pursuant to R.C. 2711.02, the trial court

was not required to hold a hearing.      Maestle v. Best Buy Co., 100 Ohio St.3d 330,

2003-Ohio-6465, 800 N.E.2d 7, syllabus; Castron v. Higginbotham, 8th Dist. No. 88559,

2007-Ohio-3260, ¶9.     Although R.C. 2711.03 contains a requirement for a hearing

when a party files a motion to compel arbitration, appellees withdrew that portion of

their motion and only sought to stay the proceedings pending arbitration; thus, this

provision is inapplicable. See Marks v. Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Commercial Fin.

Serv., Inc., 8th Dist. No. 88948, 2008-Ohio-1820.

      {¶ 7} Drake’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                                   The Ohio Arbitration Act

      {¶ 8} In Taylor Bldg. Corp. of Am., 117 Ohio St.3d 352, 2008-Ohio-938, 884

N.E.2d 12, ¶25-29, the Ohio Supreme Court set forth the law on arbitration:

      {¶ 9} “The Ohio General Assembly in R.C. Chapter 2711 has expressed a strong

policy favoring arbitration of disputes. R.C. 2711.01(A) provides:

      {¶ 10} “‘A provision in any written contract *** to settle by arbitration a

controversy that subsequently arises out of the contract, or out of the refusal to perform

the whole or any part of the contract, or any agreement in writing between two or more

persons to submit to arbitration any controversy existing between them at the time of the

agreement to submit, or arising after the agreement to submit, *** shall be valid,
                                                  5

 irrevocable, and enforceable, except upon grounds that exist at law or in equity for the

 revocation of any contract.’

            {¶ 11} “Indeed, the Ohio courts recognize a ‘presumption favoring arbitration’

 that arises ‘when the claim in dispute falls within the scope of the arbitration provision.’

 Williams v. Aetna Fin. Co. (1998), 83 Ohio St.3d 464, 471, 700 N.E.2d 859; see, also,

 Ignazio v. Clear Channel Broadcasting, Inc., 113 Ohio St.3d 276, 2007-Ohio-1947, 865

 N.E.2d 18, ¶18.1

            {¶ 12} “Ohio law directs trial courts to grant a stay of litigation in favor of

 arbitration pursuant to a written arbitration agreement on application of one of the

 parties, in accordance with R.C. 2711.02(B). That statute provides:

            {¶ 13} “‘If any action is brought upon any issue referable to arbitration under an

 agreement in writing for arbitration, the court in which the action is pending, upon being

 satisfied that the issue involved in the action is referable to arbitration under an

 agreement in writing for arbitration, shall on application of one of the parties stay the

 trial of the action until the arbitration of the issue has been had in accordance with the

 agreement, provided the applicant for the stay is not in default in proceeding with

         Ohio’s strong policy favoring arbitration is consistent with federal law supporting arbitration.
        1

  See Federal Arbitration Act, Section 2, Title 9, U.S.Code (“A written provision in *** a contract
evidencing a transaction involving commerce to settle by arbitration a controversy thereafter arising
out of such contract or transaction, or the refusal to perform the whole or any part thereof, or an
agreement in writing to submit to arbitration an existing controversy arising out of such a contract,
transaction, or refusal, shall be valid, irrevocable, and enforceable, save upon such grounds as exist at
law or in equity for the revocation of any contract”).
                                             6

arbitration.’”

       {¶ 14} This court has     recognized the “strong presumption in favor of arbitration

as   an   efficient   and    economical     alternative   dispute   mechanism.”     Marks,

2008-Ohio-1820, at ¶15, citing Schaefer v. Allstate Ins. Co. (1992), 63 Ohio St.3d 708,

712, 590 N.E.2d 1242.       We further explained that “[a]n arbitration clause in a contract

is generally viewed as an expression that the parties agreed to arbitrate disagreements

within the scope of the arbitration clause and with limited exceptions, an arbitration

clause is to be upheld just as any other provision in a contract should be respected.”   Id.,

citing Council of Smaller Ents. v. Gates, McDonald & Co. (1998), 80 Ohio St.3d 661,

668, 687 N.E.2d 1352. But despite this “strong presumption” in favor of arbitration, we

pointed out that “parties cannot be compelled to arbitrate a dispute in which they have

not agreed to submit to arbitration.” Id., citing (among others) Shumaker v. Saks, Inc.,

163 Ohio App.3d 173, 2005-Ohio-4391, 837 N.E.2d 393.

                                          Arbitration Clause

       {¶ 15} In his first assignment of error, Drake contends that the arbitration

provision in the credit card agreement was procedurally and substantively

unconscionable. Within this assignment of error, he also argues that the arbitration

clause was not applicable to his claims.      After a thorough review of the record in this

case, we agree with Drake that the claims he brought against appellees do not fall within

the scope of the arbitration clause.
                                            7

       {¶ 16} The arbitration provision here provided:

       {¶ 17} “Any claim, dispute or controversy (‘Claim’) by either you or us against

the other, or against the employees, agents or assigns of the other, arising from or

relating in any way to this Agreement or your Account, or any transaction on your

Account including (without limitation) Claims based on contract, tort (including

intentional torts), fraud, agency, negligence, statutory or regulatory provisions or any

other source of law and Claims regarding the applicability of this arbitration clause or the

validity of the entire Agreement, shall be resolved exclusively and finally by binding

arbitration under the rules and procedures of the arbitration Administrator selected at the

time the Claim is filed. The Administrator selection process is set forth below. For

purposes of this provision, ‘you’ includes any authorized user on the Account, agents,

beneficiaries or assign of you; and ‘we’ or ‘us’ includes our employees, parents,

subsidiaries, affiliates, beneficiaries, agents and assigns.   Claims made and remedies

sought as part of a class action, private attorney general or other representative action are

subject to arbitration on an individual basis, not on a class or representative basis. ***”

       {¶ 18} Drake contends, and we agree, that this case is analogous to the facts in

Shumaker, 163 Ohio App.3d 173.          In Shumaker, this court found that the claims

brought by the plaintiff were not covered by the arbitration provision in a      credit card

agreement.    Id. at ¶14.

       {¶ 19} The plaintiff in Shumaker was the administrator of the estate of Delma
                                            8

Caputo. The plaintiff brought claims against Saks Fifth Avenue (“Saks”), alleging that

a personal shopper from Saks would visit Caputo in her home and sell her goods and

services from Saks.      Caputo was “entirely housebound,” lived alone, and desired

companionship. At the time of Caputo’s death, her family found over $100,000 worth

of items from Saks in her home that were charged to her Saks’ credit card.        The items

had never been used and still bore Saks tags, and some were still in their original

packaging. Saks moved to stay the proceedings pursuant to an arbitration clause in

Caputo’s credit card agreement, which the trial court denied.     This court upheld the trial

court’s decision for a number of reasons.    We explained:

       {¶ 20} “First, the arbitration agreement is very clear that it is limited to claims

arising from or relating to ‘this Agreement,’ ‘your Account,’ and ‘any prior agreement

you may have had with us relating to your Account or any balance in your Account.’

Thus, the arbitration clause is specifically limited to disputes regarding the credit

agreement, a credit card holder’s account, and any balances on that account.             ***

Here, however, [the plaintiff] does not challenge Caputo’s credit agreement with Saks or

any balance on that account.       Rather, he alleges that [Saks’] sales practices were

unconscionable and a violation of Ohio’s Consumer Sales Practices Act. Because his

claim is unrelated to Caputo’s credit account with Saks, his claim falls outside the

definition of a ‘claim’ that must be arbitrated.”   Id. at ¶14.

       {¶ 21} We further explained: “[plaintiff] is not making any claim relating to
                                           9

Caputo’s account or even the goods and services purchased on that account.      Rather, he

is claiming that appellants’ conduct in preying on a lonely, elderly lady, even after they

were asked to stop, was an unconscionable sales practice in violation of Ohio’s

Consumer Sales Practices Act.     Such a claim is not even remotely related to Caputo’s

account with Saks.” Id. at ¶16.

      {¶ 22} Here, as in Shumaker, the arbitration provision is limited to claims “arising

from or relating in any way to this Agreement or your Account, or any transaction on

your Account ***.”    All of Drake’s claims are based on the alleged facts set forth in his

complaint that appellees removed unauthorized funds from his bank account and the

resulting improper returned check fees, thereby alleging that appellees committed theft

under R.C. 2913.02 and unauthorized use of property under R.C. 2913.04, and

committed various consumer violations.      None of Drake’s claims are related to his

credit card agreement or account that he had with appellees.

      {¶ 23} Appellees disagree that Shumaker is analogous to this case, and they argue

that the facts of this case are more akin to Joseph v. M.B.N.A. Am. Bank, N.A., 148 Ohio

App.3d 660, 2002-Ohio-4090, 775 N.E.2d 550.          Saks made the same argument in

Shumaker, and this court found Joseph “easily distinguishable.” Shumaker at ¶20.

We explained:

      {¶ 24} “In Joseph, the broadly worded arbitration provision provided that ‘[a]ny

claim or dispute *** arising from or relating in any way to this Agreement or any prior
                                            10

Agreement or your account (whether under a statute, in contract, tort, or otherwise * * *)

*** shall be resolved by binding arbitration.”     Accordingly, the appellate court affirmed

the trial court’s stay of proceedings and order to arbitrate the plaintiffs’ claims that

MBNA had failed to investigate a vendor transaction on their credit card, credit their

account, and correct the vendor billing error.          In Joseph, unlike this case, the

transactions giving rise to the dispute obviously arose out of and were intimately related

to the plaintiffs’ credit agreement with MBNA.”      (Emphasis added.) Shumaker at ¶20.

       {¶ 25} Here, just as in Shumaker, Drake’s claims did not arise out of and were not

at all related to his credit card agreement with appellees.

       {¶ 26} Despite the strong public policy in favor of arbitration, “[i]t is basic law

that a party cannot be required to arbitrate that which has not been agreed as a subject of

arbitration.” Joseph, 148 Ohio App.3d at ¶5. Because the arbitration provision at issue

does not apply to this dispute, the trial court erred when it granted appellees’ motion to

stay the proceedings pending arbitration.

       {¶ 27} Drake’s first assignment of error is sustained with respect to his argument

that the arbitration provision does not cover his claims. Thus, we need not address his

arguments relating to unconscionability.

       {¶ 28} Judgment reversed and remanded to the lower court for further

proceedings consistent with this opinion.

       It is ordered that appellant recover from appellees costs herein taxed.
                                          11

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment

into execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

MARY J. BOYLE, PRESIDING JUDGE

KENNETH A. ROCCO, J., and
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR