Court Opinion

ID: 2974229
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-22 17:14:30.219693+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:43:49.932149
License: Public Domain

By order of the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel, the precedential effect of this decision is limited to the
case and parties pursuant to 6th Cir. BAP LBR 8013-1(b). See also 6th Cir. BAP LBR 8010-1(c).

                                     File Name: 06b0015n.06

              BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL OF THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

In re: RANDALL J. HAKE and
       MARY ANN HAKE,

                        Debtors.
_________________________________________

BUCKEYE RETIREMENT CO., L.L.C., LTD.,

       Appellant,

         v.                                                           No. 06-8007

RANDALL J. HAKE and MARY ANN HAKE,

      Appellees.
_________________________________________

                         Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
                        for the Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division.
                                          No. 04-41352.

                                   Submitted: August 23, 2006

                             Decided and Filed: September 14, 2006

          Before: AUG, PARSONS, and SCOTT, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel Judges.

                                     ____________________

                                            COUNSEL

ON BRIEF: F. Dean Armstrong, ARMSTRONG LAW FIRM, Flossmoor, Illinois, Terry J.
Walrath, THE CADLE COMPANY, Newton Falls, Ohio, for Appellant. Mark A. Beatrice, Jerry
R. Krzys, MANCHESTER, BENNETT, POWERS & ULLMAN, Youngstown, Ohio, for Appellees.
                                     ____________________

                                           OPINION
                                     ____________________

       MARCIA PHILLIPS PARSONS, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel Judge. The bankruptcy court
held that Buckeye Retirement Co., L.L.C., Ltd. (“Buckeye”) violated Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9011(b) by
filing, in the individual debtors’ chapter 11 case, a motion for leave to file an adversary proceeding
on behalf of the bankruptcy estate to recover monies contributed by the debtor Randall Hake to his
401(k) retirement account. As sanctions, the court ordered Buckeye to pay directly to the debtors’
attorney the fees incurred in opposing the motion for leave. Buckeye appeals both the finding of the
violation and the sanctions award. For the reasons that follow, the orders of the bankruptcy court
are AFFIRMED.

                                     I. ISSUE ON APPEAL

       The issue on appeal is whether the bankruptcy court abused its discretion in finding that
Buckeye violated Rule 9011 and awarding sanctions against it that were payable to the debtors’
attorney.

                    II. JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

       The Bankruptcy Appellate Panel (“BAP”) has jurisdiction to decide this appeal. The United
States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio has authorized appeals to the BAP, and a final
order of the bankruptcy court may be appealed by right under 28 U.S.C. § 158(a)(1). An order, for
the purpose of an appeal, is final if it “ends the litigation on the merits and leaves nothing for the
court to do but execute the judgment.” Midland Asphalt Corp. v. United States, 489 U.S. 794, 798,
109 S. Ct. 1494, 1497 (1989). The bankruptcy court’s order imposing sanctions on Buckeye for a
violation of Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9011 was a final order. Cf. In re Jeannette Corp., 832 F.2d 43, 46 (3rd
Cir. 1987) (order imposing Rule 9011 sanctions only final upon assessment of counsel’s fees and
expenses).

                                                  2
       “Bankruptcy courts’ decisions regarding the imposition of sanctions [under Rule 9011] are
reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard.” Corzin v. Fordu (In re Fordu), 201 F.3d 693, 711
(6th Cir. 1999). “An abuse of discretion occurs only when the [trial] court ‘relies upon clearly
erroneous findings of fact or when it improperly applies the law or uses an erroneous legal
standard.’” In re Downs, 103 F.3d 472, 480-81 (6th Cir. 1996). “An abuse of discretion is defined
as a ‘definite and firm conviction that the [bankruptcy court] committed a clear error of judgment.”
In re M.J. Waterman & Assocs., Inc., 227 F.3d 604, 607-08 (6th Cir. 2000) (quoting Soberay Mach.
& Equip. Co. v. MRF Ltd., 181 F.3d 759, 770 (6th Cir.1999)). “The question is not how the
reviewing court would have ruled, but rather whether a reasonable person could agree with the
bankruptcy court’s decision; if reasonable persons could differ as to the issue, then there is no abuse
of discretion.” Id. at 608 (citations omitted).

                                           III. FACTS

       On March 25, 2004, Randall J. Hake and Mary Ann Hake filed for bankruptcy relief under
chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. Buckeye is the largest unsecured creditor in the debtors’ case,
with a pre-petition judgment against the debtors in excess of $1.8 million.

       On August 24, 2005, while the debtors’ chapter 11 case was pending, Victor O. Buente, Jr.,
general counsel for Buckeye, sent a letter to the debtors’ counsel, Mark A. Beatrice, advising him
that he had noticed in the debtors’ July 2005 monthly operating report that the debtors had accrued
or withheld $500 for a 401(k) contribution. Mr. Buente stated in the letter that the debtors had no
authority to take this action and that such contributions were prohibited while their case was pending,
citing and enclosing a copy of In re Keating, 298 B.R. 104 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2003). Mr. Buente
requested that the debtors place the withheld funds in their bankruptcy operating account and cease
any further 401(k) contributions. He also asked Mr. Beatrice to reply to this request by August 31,
2005, or he would bring the matter to the court’s attention. (J.A. D).

       On September 16, 2005, Mr. Buente sent a second letter to Mr. Beatrice indicating that the
debtors had apparently disregarded his earlier request because the debtors’ August 2005 monthly
operating report stated that the debtors had accrued or withheld $1,500 for 401(k) deposits. Mr.

                                                  3
Buente asked Mr. Beatrice to reply by September 23, 2005, or the matter would be brought to the
bankruptcy court’s attention. (J.A. E). Mr. Beatrice responded to Mr. Buente in a letter dated
September 16, 2005, wherein he indicated that the debtor Randall Hake had only recently become
eligible to participate in the 401(k) retirement plan but “[i]n light of your comments regarding the
same, . . . he has ceased making any further contributions since your letter.” (J.A. F). In response,
Mr. Buente sent a third letter to Mr. Beatrice on September 21, 2005, stating that Mr. Hake’s
cessation of further 401(k) contributions was “a step in the right direction” but that:
       [Mr. Hake] should also endeavor . . . to retrieve the contributions from the entity now
       holding them, as he had neither the right nor the privilege to make such contributions
       in the first place. His post-petition earnings are property of the estate under 11
       U.S.C. § 1115(a)(2). Please advise if he will seek return of the $2,000 contributions
       reported on the operating reports. (J.A. G).

       When the debtors made no further response to Buckeye’s demands, Buckeye filed on October
28, 2005, a Motion For Leave Of Court To File Adversary Proceeding (“Motion For Leave”),
requesting permission to file on behalf of the bankruptcy estate a turnover action against Mr. Hake
and the custodian/trustee of his 401(k) retirement plan to recover the $2,500 in contributions. In a
Memorandum filed in support of the Motion For Leave, Buckeye asserted that the debtors’ post-
petition earnings were property of their bankruptcy estate under 11 U.S.C. §§ 541(a)(7) and
1115(a)(2) and that the 401(k) contributions were subject to turnover under 11 U.S.C. § 542.
Buckeye also maintained that the debtors had refused demands to bring the funds into the estate,
citing Mr. Buente’s letters to Mr. Beatrice, copies of which were attached. As in Mr. Buente’s first
letter to Mr. Beatrice, Buckeye also referenced Keating, noting that the court therein had concluded
in ruling on the United States trustee’s motion to dismiss for substantial abuse under 11 U.S.C.
§ 707(b) that the debtor’s 401(k) contributions were not allowable expenses.

       The debtors filed a memorandum in opposition to the Motion For Leave, stating that post-
petition personal earnings of an individual chapter 11 debtor are not property of the estate under
§ 541(a)(6) which specifically excludes from the definition of property of the estate, “earnings from
services performed by an individual debtor after the commencement of the case.” They noted that
while § 1115 does include post-petition earnings in the definition of property of a chapter 11 estate,
the section was added in the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005

                                                  4
(Pub. L. 109-8) (“BAPCPA”) and only applies to cases filed on or after October 17, 2005. The
debtors distinguished the Keating decision cited by Buckeye, pointing out that it addressed allowable
expenses for a chapter 13 debtor and that unlike the earnings of a chapter 11 debtor, the earnings of
a chapter 13 debtor are expressly property of the estate under 11 U.S.C. § 1306.

       At the hearing on November 16, 2005, the bankruptcy court indicated that it would deny the
Motion For Leave, agreeing with the debtors that their post-petition earnings were not property of
the estate. The court also observed that Buckeye had failed to set forth in the Motion For Leave why
it should be permitted to bring an action on behalf of the estate, utilizing the standard espoused by
the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in Canadian Pac. Forest Prods. Ltd. v. J.D. Irving, Ltd. (In re
Gibson Group), 66 F.3d 1436, 1438-39 (1995). The bankruptcy court found this failure to be
inexplicable because it had recently advised Buckeye of the Gibson Group criteria in a
memorandum opinion and order dated September 30, 2005, wherein the court dismissed another
adversary proceeding that Buckeye had attempted to pursue on behalf of the Hake bankruptcy estate
(Buckeye Retirement Co. v. Hake, No. 04-4189). The bankruptcy court noted that one element of
the Gibson Group test which requires a cost/benefit analysis was especially critical in the instant case
because only $2,000 of the $2,500 had been contributed by Mr. Hake—the rest had been contributed
by his employer—and that any withdrawal from a 401(k) would likely involve taxation and penalties,
thus producing the possibility of no benefit to the estate. Accordingly, the court concluded that
denial of the Motion For Leave was warranted by Buckeye’s failure to address the law governing
derivative actions by a third party, even if arguendo, the debtors’ post-petition earnings otherwise
fell within the definition of property of the estate. The bankruptcy court’s ruling in this regard was
incorporated in an order entered November 23, 2005.

       Two days after the hearing on the Motion For Leave, the bankruptcy court sua sponte entered
an order pursuant to Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9011(c)(1)(B), directing Buckeye and its counsel to appear
at a hearing on December 7, 2005, and show cause “why they should not be sanctioned for filing the
Motion For Leave on the basis that it was filed in violation of Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9011(b)(1) and/or
(2).” The only witness at the show cause hearing was Victor O. Buente, who testified that he had
been a practicing attorney for 25 years and had worked for Buckeye and its affiliates for over 13

                                                   5
years. He also testified that prior to writing the first letter to the debtors’ counsel regarding the
401(k) contributions, he had researched the legal issue “perhaps a full day, perhaps two full days,”
and that his research included the cases of In re Herberman, 122 B.R. 273 (Bankr. W.D. Texas
1990), and In re Harp, 166 B.R. 740 (Bankr. N.D. Ala. 1993). Mr. Buente further testified that prior
to filing the Motion For Leave he had considered the Gibson Group factors and had the motion
reviewed by Buckeye’s outside counsel. Mr. Buente denied that there was an improper motive in
filing the Motion For Leave or that it was filed for the purpose of harassment, delay or needlessly
increasing the cost of litigation.

        In an eleven-page order entered December 13, 2005, the bankruptcy court concluded that
sanctions were appropriate and imposed sanctions “in the amount of Debtors’ attorney’s fees in
responding to the Motion For Leave and appearing at the Hearing on such motion.” The court
directed the debtors’ counsel to file an itemized statement of such fees and indicated that upon a
review as to reasonableness it would enter a subsequent order regarding the amount of the sanctions.
The order also included a specific finding that Mr. Buente was not credible with respect to his
assertion that Buckeye had “(i) a good faith belief for its position in the Motion For Leave or (ii) a
colorable claim in asserting that all of Debtor’s post-petition earnings were property of the
bankruptcy estate.” The court noted that the only case authority provided by Mr. Buente to Mr.
Beatrice in the letters was Keating, a dissimilar case, and that § 1115, cited in the Motion For Leave,
was admittedly inapplicable to the case at hand. The court also rejected the assertion that the
Herberman and Harp decisions provided the good faith basis for the motion, observing that these
cases had not been previously cited and that both of them were distinguishable from the case at hand.
According to the bankruptcy court, Herberman held that the post-petition income of a doctor’s sole
proprietorship fell within the definition of property of the estate under § 541(a)(7) but expressly
noted in footnote 19 that the income of a debtor working for a third party is insulated from property
of the estate because it is not the debtor’s business being operated. As to Harp, the bankruptcy court
explained that the case relied heavily on Herberman in concluding that the debtor/physician’s post-
petition income was property of the estate and that it adopted Herberman’s “‘well-reasoned and
well-articulated’ analysis, which presumably include[d] footnote 19.”

                                                  6
         The bankruptcy court also found in its order that Mr. Buente was not credible in stating that
the Motion For Leave was not interposed for the purpose of harassment or delay. As stated by the
court:
         Taking the case as a whole, the conduct of Buckeye Retirement amounts to
         harassment. So far in this case, Buckeye Retirement has (i) filed almost fifty (50)
         motions for Rule 2004 exams; (ii) objected to Debtors setting a bar date;
         (iii) objected to the extension of the Debtors’ exclusivity period; (iv) sought the
         imposition of a Chapter 11 trustee; (v) filed duplicative claims; (vi) filed, without
         leave of this Court, adversary proceedings allegedly on behalf of the estate seeking
         to avoid allegedly fraudulent transfers; and (vii) objected to every fee application
         filed by counsel for the Debtors.

         On January 20, 2006, the debtors’ attorney filed an application for interim compensation in
the amount of $952 for services rendered in opposing the Motion For Leave and a Notice Of Hearing
on the application, setting a hearing date of February 15, 2007, and providing that any objections to
the application must be filed by February 10, 2006. On February 8, 2006, prior to the scheduled
hearing date and objection deadline, the bankruptcy court entered an order finding the requested fees
reasonable and directing Buckeye to pay the debtors’ counsel fees in the amount of $952. Buckeye
timely appealed this order, the December 13, 2005 order finding the Rule 9011 violation, and the
court’s November 18, 2005 order to show cause.

                                             DISCUSSION

         Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 9011(b) and (c) provides in pertinent part the
following:
         (b) REPRESENTATIONS TO THE COURT. By presenting to the court (whether
         by signing, filing, submitting, or later advocating) a petition, pleading, written
         motion, or other paper, an attorney or unrepresented party is certifying that to the best
         of the person’s knowledge, information, and belief, formed after an inquiry
         reasonable under the circumstances,—
         (1) it is not being presented for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause
         unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation;
         (2) the claims, defenses, and other legal contentions therein are warranted by existing
         law or by a nonfrivolous argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of
         existing law or the establishment of new law;

                                                    7
       (3) the allegations and other factual contentions have evidentiary support or, if
       specifically so identified, are likely to have evidentiary support after a reasonable
       opportunity for further investigation or discovery; and
       (4) the denials of factual contentions are warranted on the evidence or, if specifically
       so identified, are reasonably based on a lack of information or belief.
       (c) SANCTIONS. If, after notice and a reasonable opportunity to respond, the court
       determines that subdivision (b) has been violated, the court may, subject to the
       conditions stated below, impose an appropriate sanction upon the attorneys, law
       firms, or parties that have violated subdivision (b) or are responsible for the violation.
       (1) How Initiated.
               ....
               (B) On Court’s Initiative. On its own initiative, the court may enter an order
               describing the specific conduct that appears to violate subdivision (b) and
               directing an attorney, law firm, or party to show cause why it has not violated
               subdivision (b) with respect thereto.
       (2) Nature of Sanction; Limitations. A sanction imposed for violation of this rule
       shall be limited to what is sufficient to deter repetition of such conduct or comparable
       conduct by others similarly situated. Subject to the limitations in subparagraphs
       (A) and (B), the sanction may consist of, or include, directives of a nonmonetary
       nature, an order to pay a penalty into court, or, if imposed on motion and warranted
       for effective deterrence, an order directing payment to the movant of some or all of
       the reasonable attorneys’ fees and other expenses incurred as a direct result of the
       violation.
               (A) Monetary sanctions may not be awarded against a represented party for
               a violation of subdivision (b)(2).
               (B) Monetary sanctions may not be awarded on the court's initiative unless
               the court issues its order to show cause before a voluntary dismissal or
               settlement of the claims made by or against the party which is, or whose
               attorneys are, to be sanctioned.
       (3) Order. When imposing sanctions, the court shall describe the conduct determined
       to constitute a violation of this rule and explain the basis for the sanction imposed.

       According to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, “the test for imposing Rule 9011 sanctions
is whether the individual’s conduct was reasonable under the circumstances.” In re Downs, 103 F.3d
472, 481 (6th Cir. 1996). It has been held that Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9011(b) has both a subjective and
objective component: the objective inquiry is set forth in paragraph (2) which questions whether the
suit was filed after a reasonable investigation into the law and the facts; the subjective inquiry is

                                                   8
contained in paragraph (1) and requires a determination of why the movant filed the motion. See In
re Collins, 250 B.R. 645, 661 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 2000).

       Buckeye argues in this appeal that the bankruptcy court abused its discretion in ruling that
Buckeye violated Rule 9011(b)(1) and (2). Buckeye also asserts that because the court’s show cause
order only referenced the Motion For Leave, the bankruptcy court’s consideration of Buckeye’s
previous conduct in the case was a denial of due process and a violation of Rule 9011(c)(1)(B)’s
requirement that the show cause order describe the specific violative conduct. Buckeye also argues
that the bankruptcy court exceeded its authority by imposing sanctions against Buckeye for a
violation of Rule 9011(b)(2) and by making the sanctions payable directly to the debtors’ counsel.
Lastly, Buckeye maintains that the court erred by setting the sanction amount without giving
Buckeye an opportunity to challenge that amount. Each of these arguments will be addressed in turn.

       As set forth in its brief, Buckeye’s first point of contention is that the bankruptcy court clearly
erred in finding a violation of Rule 9011(b)(2), which provides that the filing of a document is a
certification “formed after an inquiry reasonable under the circumstances,” that “the claims,
defenses, and other legal contentions therein are warranted by existing law or by a nonfrivolous
argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law or the establishment of new
law.” Buckeye asserts that there is a split of authority on the issue of whether an individual chapter
11 debtor’s post-petition income is property of the estate and that its view is supported by a literal
reading of § 541(a)(6) and the Herberman and Harp decisions. Buckeye observes that at the hearing
on the Motion For Leave, the bankruptcy court itself acknowledged the conflict in the case law by
stating, “I believe that the better reason[ed] cases find that earnings of the Debtor are not property
of the bankruptcy estate and are not excepted by Section 541(a)(6), despite any tension that may exist
[ ] between 541(a)(6) and 541(a)(7).” Buckeye also argues that the enactment of § 1115 by Congress
was an implicit recognition that the cases which had concluded that a chapter 11 debtor’s post-
petition earnings were property of the estate were correct.

       Section 541(a) of the Bankruptcy Code provides in pertinent part:

                                                   9
       The commencement of a case under section 301, 302, or 303 of this title creates an
       estate. Such estate is comprised of all of the following property, wherever located
       and by whomever held:
       (1) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c)(2) of this section, all legal or
       equitable interests of the debtor in property as of the commencement of the case.
       ....
       (6) Proceeds, products, offspring, rents, or profits of or from property of the estate,
       except such as are earnings from services performed by an individual debtor after the
       commencement of the case.
       (7) Any interest in property that the estate acquires after the commencement of the
       case.

       From a reading of these provisions, it is evident that (a)(1) of § 541includes in the estate the
debtor’s property interests existing as of the petition date, plus any interest that the estate acquires
or is generated by the estate post-petition, including proceeds, products, offspring, rents, or profits,
unless such proceeds, etc., are earnings from services performed by an individual debtor post-
petition. See 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(6) and (7); In re Ballard, 238 B.R. 610, 623 (Bankr. M.D. La.
1999). Because an individual debtor’s post-petition earnings generally are not an interest that the
debtor has as of the filing of the petition and because they are not otherwise proceeds, etc., of estate
property, they are not property of the estate under a straight-forward reading of § 541(a). Id. at 620
(“Everyone knows that a debtor’s post-petition wages, earnings, etc., . . . are not property of the
estate.”). Consistent with this reading, virtually every court that has considered this issue has held
that the post-petition wages of an individual in chapter 11 are not property of the estate.1 See Roland
v. Unum Life Ins. Co. of Am., 223 B.R. 499, 502 (E.D. Va. 1998), and cases cited in n.5. As
explained by the district court in Roland, the only source of debate on this issue is sole
proprietorships, with these cases “all address[ing] the problem of separating income derived from
the business itself, which is in the estate, and income derived from the personal services of the debtor

       1
          Under § 103(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, provisions of chapter 5 apply to chapter 11 cases
so under pre-BAPCPA cases, § 541 is the sole definition provision for property of the estate in
chapter 11 cases. The pre-BAPCAP version of chapter 11 had no corollary to chapter 13’s § 1306
which expressly includes in the chapter 13 estate, “earnings from services performed by the debtor
after the commencement of the case . . . .” See 11 U.S.C. § 1306(a)(2).

                                                  10
which is not in the estate.” Id. at 502 n.4 (citing, inter alia, In re Herberman, 122 B.R. 273). The
Roland court goes on to state:
        Despite [these cases’] differing approach to the sole proprietorship issue, it is
        important to note that all of these cases hold that income derived solely from personal
        services (‘wages’) are excluded from the estate by § 541(a)(6).
                . . . The sole exception is In re Harp, 166 B.R. 740 (Bankr. N.D. Ala. 1993),
        which found that all post-petition wage income was property of the estate. Harp,
        however, rests upon a mistaken reading of Herberman. See Herberman, 122 B.R.
        at 286, 287 n.19 (income from wage earners not working for the estate is not included
        in the estate); see also In re Reed, 184 B.R. 733 (Bankr. W.D. Tex. 1995) (Judge
        Clark clarifying that his reasoning in Herberman was only applicable to sole
        proprietorships, not individual wage earners); In re Larson, 147 B.R. 39, 43-44
        (Bankr. D.N.D. 1992) (discussing limitations in applying Herberman to individual
        wage earners). Harp’s interpretation of 541(a)(6), finding that all post-petition wages
        are property of the estate and therefore must be used to satisfy the claims of creditors,
        cannot be reconciled with the Supreme Court’s statement in Toibb v. Radloff, 501
        U.S. 157, 111 S. Ct. 2197, 115 L. Ed.2d 145 (1991) that “there is no . . . provision
        in Chapter 11 requiring a debtor to pay future wages to a creditor.” Id. at 166, 111
        S. Ct. at 2202. . . .
Roland v. Unum Life Ins. Co. of Am., 223 B.R. at 502 n.4 and 5. See also Robert J. Keach, Dead
Man Filing Redux; Is the New Individual Chapter Eleven Unconstitutional?, 13 Am. Bankr. Inst.
L. Rev. 483, 484 (Winter 2005) (“While the ‘earnings exception’ of section 541(a)(6) has sometimes
been construed more narrowly in sole proprietor chapter 11 cases, at a minimum, income directly
attributable to post-petition services of the individual debtor is excluded from the chapter 11
estate.”).

        Applying this discussion to the facts of the instant case, it is evident that the bankruptcy court
did not err in holding that the debtors’ contributions to the 401(k) retirement plan, having been
derived from Mr. Hake’s post-petition wages, were not property of the estate, although the court’s
denial of the Motion For Leave is not before this court. Rather, the pertinent issue is whether
Buckeye’s filing of the Motion For Leave was warranted by existing law or by a nonfrivolous
argument for a modification of existing law, formed after an inquiry reasonable under the
circumstances. Contrary to the bankruptcy court’s observation, the Harp decision does provide
support for Buckeye’s position that Mr. Hake’s earnings were property of the estate, although
plainly this case stands alone and appears to be inconsistent with the applicable provisions of the

                                                   11
Bankruptcy Code. However, the bankruptcy court’s finding that Rule 9011(b)(2) had been violated
was not based only on the lack of support for the property of the estate argument. Buckeye had also
failed to directly address in its Motion For Leave the Gibson Group test that under Sixth Circuit
precedent determines whether a party may bring a derivative action on behalf of the estate. While
Buckeye asserted that the Motion For Leave set forth the facts necessary to apply three of the four
Gibson Group factors and that counsel had considered the fourth factor, the cost/benefit analysis,
prior to filing the motion, the bankruptcy court did not find counsel credible in this regard since the
Motion For Leave did not reference Gibson Group even though the court had explicitly informed
Buckeye of these requirements in a memorandum opinion entered in another adversary proceeding
less than 30 days before Buckeye filed the Motion For Leave.

          And, while the Rule 9011 determination generally turns on an objective inquiry, the lack of
objective support for Buckeye’s position was exacerbated by the court’s determination that Mr.
Buente was not credible in his assertion that he had a good faith belief in the legal position
underlying the Motion For Leave. The court’s finding in this regard is supported by the fact that
neither the letters to Mr. Beatrice by Mr. Buente nor the Motion For Leave cited Harp; the only case
referenced in the letters was Keating which provided no authority on the issue since it addressed
requirements under chapter 13; and Mr. Buente also cited § 1115 as though it were controlling even
though it only applies to cases commenced on or after October 17, 2005, which would exclude the
present case. “A trial court’s findings based on determinations regarding the credibility of witnesses
are generally entitled to great deference.” Gaudiano v. C.I.R., 216 F.3d 524, 536 (6th Cir. 2000).
When the entire record is considered, we are unable to conclude that the bankruptcy court clearly
erred in its determination that Rule 9011(b)(2) had been violated. See In re Am. Telecom Corp, 319
B.R. 857, 872 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 2004) (“If an attorney fails to conduct a reasonable legal inquiry, the
rule has been violated even if he holds a good-faith belief that his client is entitled to relief under the
law.”).

          Similarly, we find no abuse of discretion with regard to the bankruptcy court’s ruling that
Buckeye violated Rule 9011(b)(1) which prohibits a motion from being presented for an improper
purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.

                                                    12
The same evidence which the bankruptcy court cited in its conclusion that Mr. Buente was not
credible also supported its conclusion that the Motion For Leave was interposed for purposes of
harassment. Furthermore, the court cited Buckeye’s litigious conduct throughout the case which
included filing almost 50 motions for Rule 2004 exams, filing actions purportedly on behalf of the
estate without prior court approval, and even objecting to the imposition of a bar date.

       Buckeye asserts that it was error for the bankruptcy court to consider its prior conduct in the
case since the court’s show cause order only referenced the Motion For Leave and Rule
9011(c)(1)(B), which pertains to sanctions imposed on the court’s own initiative, clearly requires the
order to describe the specific conduct that appears sanctionable. However, Buckeye was not
sanctioned for its previous conduct in the case; the court merely evaluated Buckeye’s entire pattern
of filings in the case in order to properly determine if Buckeye’s motive in filing the Motion For
Leave was to harass the debtors. See, e.g., In re KTMA Acquisition Corp., 153 B.R. 238, 266 (Bankr.
D. Minn.1993) (conduct is harassing when objectively it persistently irritates or torments the other
party and in making determination of whether filing violates Rule 9011(b)(1), court should consider
whether there is some motive to harass). Moreover, Buckeye was expressly put on notice of the
potential for sanctions in this regard by the bankruptcy court’s show cause order referencing Rule
9011(b)(1). Accordingly, the bankruptcy court’s consideration of Buckeye’s prior filings was not
inappropriate.

       Buckeye also argues that the bankruptcy court exceeded its authority by imposing sanctions
against it for a violation of Rule 9011(b)(2). In this regard, Buckeye is correct that Rule
9011(c)(2)(A) provides that “[m]onetary sanctions may not be awarded against a represented party
for a violation of subdivision (b)(2).” However, the bankruptcy court found not only a violation of
subdivision (b)(2) in this case but also a violation of subdivision (b)(1) for which sanctions may be
assessed against a represented party. There is no indication in the present case that the bankruptcy
court imposed separate sanctions for each violation or otherwise assessed sanctions against Buckeye
for an amount greater than if just one violation had occurred. As such, we find no improper
application of the law.

                                                 13
        As to the assertion that it was error for the court to order Buckeye to pay the sanctions
directly to the debtors’ counsel, Buckeye relies on the sentence in subdivision (c)(2) of Rule
9011which provides that “the sanction may consist of, . . . if imposed on motion . . . , an order
directing payment to the movant of some or all of the reasonable attorneys’ fees and other expenses
incurred as a direct result of the violation.” Buckeye maintains that under this provision the court
could only award payment of attorney fees if the sanction action had been initiated by a party on
motion. However, this Panel has recognized that notwithstanding this language, bankruptcy courts
have the inherent power to impose sanctions on a scope broader than that of Bankruptcy Rule 9011,
including monetary sanctions, and that under similar facts, the bankruptcy court did not err in
awarding attorneys fees on a Rule 9011 matter raised on the court’s own initiative. Knowles Bldg.
Co. v. Zinni (In re Zinni), 261 B.R. 196, 203 (B.A.P. 6th Cir. 2001). We reaffirm that conclusion
today and likewise find no error.

        The last issue raised by Buckeye is that the bankruptcy court erred in not holding a hearing
on the amount of the sanction imposed. Buckeye contends that it was prepared to object to the
requested fees because they included time for services unrelated to opposing the Motion For Leave.
Regardless of the validity of Buckeye’s objection, while it is regrettable that a hearing and objection
deadline were set on the amount of sanctions and no hearing was held, the Sixth Circuit Court of
Appeals has observed that a trial court is entitled to “wide discretion” in determining the amount of
sanctions to impose. Runfola & Assocs., Inc. v. Spectrum Reporting II, Inc., 88 F.3d 368 (6th Cir.
1996). As noted by the debtors, it has been recognized that in the exercise of this discretion, it is not
necessary for a court familiar with the objectionable conduct to hear evidence on the appropriateness
of a sanction. See Ordower v. Feldman, 826 F.2d 1569, 1575-76 (7th Cir. 1987) (judge familiar with
proceedings did not abuse his discretion by awarding $1,000 sanction without first hearing evidence
of attorney’s fees). See also Union Planters Bank v. L & J. Dev. Co., 115 F.3d 378, 385 (6th Cir.
1997) (imposition of sanctions without a full evidentiary hearing did not violate due process) (citing
In re Big Rapids Mall Assocs., 98 F.3d 926, 929 (6th Cir. 1996) (recognizing that an evidentiary
hearing is “not necessarily required where the court has full knowledge of the facts and is familiar
with the conduct of the attorneys.”); INVST Fin. Group, Inc. v. Chem-Nuclear Sys., Inc., 815 F.2d
391, 405 (6th Cir. 1987) (explaining that “no hearing is required where an attorney is sanctioned for

                                                   14
filing frivolous motions ungrounded in law or fact, and where the judge imposing sanctions has
participated in the proceedings.”)).

       The amount of sanctions awarded in this case was nominal, only $952. Based upon a review
of the entire record in this case, we are unable to conclude that the amount awarded was so
unreasonable, even if it included unrelated services, as to constitute an abuse of discretion.

                                         CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the orders of the bankruptcy court are AFFIRMED.

                                                 15