Court Opinion

ID: 4535387
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-05-19 20:00:33.568325+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:36:38.068239
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAY 19 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ROBERT WARD,                                    No.    19-15413

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                2:17-cv-00519-JAM-DMC
 v.

COUNTY OF SISKIYOU; SISKIYOU                    MEMORANDUM*
COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of California
                    John A. Mendez, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 15, 2020**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: R. NELSON and BRESS, Circuit Judges, and BLOCK,*** District Judge.

      Plaintiff-Appellant Robert Ward appeals a district court order granting

summary judgment to Defendant-Appellee County of Siskiyou (the “County”) on

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable Frederic Block, United States District Judge for the
Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.
all his claims. We review that decision de novo. Animal Legal Def. Fund v. U.S.

FDA, 836 F.3d 987, 988 (9th Cir. 2016) (en banc) (per curiam). We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and we affirm.

      1.      The district court’s ruling that portions of Ward’s declaration must be

stricken under the sham affidavit rule was not an abuse of discretion because there

were unambiguous inconsistencies between Ward’s deposition testimony and his

declaration. Yeager v. Bowlin, 693 F.3d 1076, 1079 (9th Cir. 2012). For example,

Ward testified in his deposition that he never told anyone above his supervisor,

Stacey Jackson, about his son’s medical conditions. Then, in his affidavit filed in

opposition to summary judgment, he testified that he also told Chief Deputy

Probation Officer Jennifer Villani, who is senior to Jackson. Similar

inconsistencies are present throughout paragraphs 7 through 11 of Ward’s

declaration. We therefore uphold the district court’s decision to strike those

paragraphs.

      2.      Ward’s claim that he became a permanent employee fails. Ward was

hired as an “extra-help” employee. And nothing since his date of hire—including

the passage of time, the number of hours Ward worked, the County’s policies, or

the attachment to the Memorandum of Understanding—changed that classification.

See Jenkins v. Cty. of Riverside, 41 Cal. Rptr. 3d 686, 697–704 (Ct. App. 2006).

The Memorandum of Understanding between the County and the Siskiyou County

                                          2
Probation and Juvenile Peace Officers’ Association did not entitle Ward to

permanent employee status because he was not eligible for membership in the

Association. Moreover, Ward’s actions, including applying for promotions, show

that he knew he was an extra-help—not permanent—employee. Id. at 697. As a

matter of law, therefore, Ward was not a permanent employee. This conclusion

defeats Ward’s due process claim and his California Labor Code § 200 claim based

on pay increases, floating holidays, and vacation days.

      3.     Ward’s claim of interference under the Family and Medical Leave Act

(FMLA) fails because there is no evidence that he “provided sufficient notice of

his intent to take leave.” Escriba v. Foster Poultry Farms, Inc., 743 F.3d 1236,

1243 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Sanders v. City of Newport, 657 F.3d 772, 778 (9th

Cir. 2011)). Nor is there any evidence that the County “denied him FMLA

benefits” or prevented him from declining shifts to care for his son. Id. To the

extent Ward asserts a claim for FMLA discrimination or retaliation, that claim fails

because there is no evidence that Ward “oppos[ed] any practice made unlawful” by

the FMLA. 29 U.S.C. § 2615(a)(2); see Xin Liu v. Amway Corp., 347 F.3d 1125,

1136 (9th Cir. 2003).

      4.     Ward’s discrimination claim under California Government Code

§ 12940(a) fails because he has not provided any evidence to suggest that the

County’s reason for not promoting him or terminating him was pretextual. Castro-

                                         3
Ramirez v. Dependable Highway Express, Inc., 207 Cal. Rptr. 3d 120, 127–28 (Ct.

App. 2016). Indeed, the record shows that Ward was not promoted because he was

not the highest ranked candidate. And there is no evidence that Jackson, who

supposedly said that Ward’s son’s medical condition affected Ward’s chances of a

promotion, had any influence over those decisions or knowledge as to why Ward

was ranked where he was. To the contrary, Jackson was not part of the panel that

made those decisions. Moreover, the supervisor who made the decision to

terminate Ward for insubordination and favoritism to female inmates testified that

she did not know Ward’s son was disabled and did not remember anyone

discussing the number of days off Ward took. Because Ward has not shown

discrimination under § 12940(a), he also has not shown that the County failed to

prevent discrimination under § 12940(k). Trujillo v. N. Cty. Transit Dist., 73 Cal.

Rptr. 2d 596, 602 (Ct. App. 1998). We therefore affirm the grant of summary

judgment as to Ward’s claims under both sections.

      5.     Summary judgment was proper as to Ward’s retaliation claim under

California Government Code § 12940(h),which makes it unlawful for an employer

to “discriminate against any person because the person has opposed any practices

forbidden under this part . . . .” The activities Ward claims led to discrimination—

including discussing his desire for better employment benefits with supervisors and

others and reporting co-workers for time spent chatting and playing on their

                                         4
phones—are not practices forbidden by that section. To the extent Ward’s claim is

based on reporting associational discrimination stemming from his son’s medical

condition, he has not provided any evidence that he ever opposed or reported such

discrimination.

      6.     The district court’s grant of summary judgment on Ward’s claim

under California Labor Code § 1102.5(b) was likewise proper. That section

prohibits an employer from retaliating against an employee who “discloses . . . a

violation of or noncompliance with a local, state, or federal rule or regulation.”

Cal. Labor Code. § 1102.5(b). Yet Ward has not identified any such rule other

than his unsupported claim that he was disclosing violations of “Juvenile Hall

(local County) rules.” He therefore has not shown that he “engaged in a protected

activity.” Patten v. Grant Joint Union High Sch. Dist., 37 Cal. Rptr. 3d 113, 117

(Ct. App. 2005).

      7.     The County is also entitled to judgment as a matter of law on Ward’s

claims under California Government Code § 12945.2(t). Ward’s claim of

interference fails because there is no evidence that the County interfered with or

denied Ward family leave rights under California law. Instead, Ward testified that

he was able to turn down shifts when his son was sick and provided no example of

a time in which supervisors opposed a request for a schedule modification.

Moreover, Ward’s claim for retaliation fails because there is no evidence that he

                                          5
was retaliated against for “exercising” a right to take leave. Moore v. Regents of

Univ. of California, 206 Cal. Rptr. 3d 841, 855 (Ct. App. 2016).

      8.     The district court’s grant of summary judgment on Ward’s California

Labor Code § 200 claim based on the County’s failure to pay for hours spent

attending job-related trainings and an attendance fee was also proper. There is no

evidence that Ward was required to attend either training or that he was told that

the trainings or fees would be paid for. That Ward’s supervisor told Ward that he

could attend the trainings if he wanted does not mean Ward must be paid for his

attendance time. Nor does the County’s payment of an attendance fee for one of

the trainings—per its policy at the time—show that Ward must be compensated.

Ward cites no authority suggesting otherwise.

      9.     On appeal, Ward does not challenge the district court’s grant of

summary judgment on his first, eight, ninth, and tenth causes of action. We

therefore affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment as to those

abandoned claims.

      AFFIRMED.

                                          6