Court Opinion

ID: 9370200
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-10 21:09:19.537711+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:20.103265
License: Public Domain

Rule 301.     Definition; Scope.

       [A.](a) As used in this chapter, “action” means a civil action brought before a
               magisterial district judge.

       [B.](b) Civil action includes any action within the jurisdiction of a magisterial
               district judge except an action by a landlord against a tenant for the
               recovery of the possession of real property.

       [C.](c) As used in this chapter, “complaint” or civil action shall include, where
               applicable, the attached and completed Civil Action Hearing Notice form.

Comment: Civil action includes actions formerly denominated “assumpsit” or “trespass”
(commonly called contract and tort cases, respectively) and civil claims for fines and
penalties. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 1515(a)(3) prescribing the jurisdiction of magisterial district
judges.

      The rules in this chapter apply to all civil actions before magisterial district judges
except an action by a landlord against a tenant for the recovery of possession of real
property, which is governed by Chapter 500 of these rules.

       Except as otherwise provided in [Rule 350] Rules 350 and 351, the rules in this
chapter apply to: (1) de novo appeals filed pursuant to 75 Pa.C.S. § 3369(j)(4), relating
to automated work zone speed enforcement violations[,]; and (2) actions filed pursuant
to 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345.1(i.1), relating to civil violations for passing a stopped school
bus with flashing red signal lights and an activated side stop signal arm.

       Statutes authorizing a civil fine or penalty include 53 P.S. §§ 10617.1 and 10817-
A relating to violations of zoning and joint municipal zoning ordinances.
Rule 302.      Venue

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Comment: This rule combines, with some minor changes, the Pennsylvania Rules of
Civil Procedure relating to venue. See:

       (1)     Individuals: Pa.R.Civ.P. 1006(a).

       (2)     Partnerships: Pa.R.Civ.P. 2130(a).

       (3)     Corporations: Pa.R.Civ.P. 2179(a).

       (4)     Insurance Policies: Pa.R.Civ.P. 2179(b).

       (5)     Unincorporated Associations: Pa.R.Civ.P. 2156(a).

       (6)     Political Subdivisions: Pa.R.Civ.P. 2103(b).

       This rule is not intended to repeal special statutory venue provisions, such as the:
(1) venue provisions for actions involving installment sales of goods and services, 12
Pa.C.S. § 6307; (2) venue provisions of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 U.S.C.
§ 1692i, pertaining to actions brought by debt collectors against consumers; [and] (3)
venue provisions for appeals from automated work zone speed enforcement violations,
75 Pa.C.S. § 3369(j)(4); and (4) venue provisions for actions filed pursuant to 75
Pa.C.S. § 3345.1(i.1), relating to civil violations for passing a stopped school bus
with flashing red signal lights and an activated side stop signal arm. See
Pa.R.Civ.P.M.D.J. 382(1) (pertaining to Acts of Assembly providing for special venue
provisions that are not suspended).

       For a definition of “transaction or occurrence,” see Craig v. W.J. Thiele & Sons,
Inc., 149 A.2d 35 (Pa. 1959).

         Subdivision G is intended to take care of indistinct, “center line” or other confusing
boundaries in the respects mentioned. When a complaint is transferred under subdivision
H, it is treated as if originally filed in the transferee court on the date first filed in a court.
If service of the complaint has already been made, no new service may be necessary,
but the transferee court must set a new date, time and place for the new hearing and
notify the parties thereof. It is the intent of this rule that cases may be transferred to any
Pennsylvania court with appropriate jurisdiction and venue, including the Philadelphia
Municipal Court. Likewise, nothing in this rule prohibits a court other than a magisterial
district court from transferring a case to a magisterial district court with proper jurisdiction
and venue, in accordance with the procedural rules of the transferring court. The

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jurisdictional limits of the magisterial district courts and the Philadelphia Municipal Court
are governed by 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 1515 and 1123, respectively.

       There are no costs for transfer of the complaint and no additional filing costs when
a case is transferred from one magisterial district court to another magisterial district
court. There are no additional filing costs when a case is transferred from the Philadelphia
Municipal Court to a magisterial district court.

       There may be additional service costs when a case is transferred.

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Rule 321.     Hearings and Evidence

         The magisterial district judge shall be bound by the rules of evidence, except that
a bill, estimate, receipt, or statement of account that appears to have been made in the
regular course of business may be introduced in evidence by any party without affidavit
or other evidence of its truth, accuracy, or authenticity.

Comment: The exception to the rules of evidence provided by this rule was inserted
because the Pennsylvania statutes making certain business entries admissible in
evidence apparently do not apply to bills, receipts, and the like that are made in the regular
course of business but are not made as “records.” See 42 Pa.C.S. § 6108. The fact that
this exception permits the introduction of these items of evidence without affidavit or other
evidence of their truth, accuracy, or authenticity does not, of course, preclude the
introduction of evidence contradicting them. The exception was deemed necessary
because the items of evidence made admissible thereby are probably the proofs most
commonly used in minor judiciary proceedings. See [Rule 350 D(2)] Rules 350D(2) and
351(d) for additional exceptions applicable to appeals from automated work zone speed
enforcement violations and actions filed pursuant to 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345.1(i.1), relating
to civil violations for passing a stopped school bus with flashing red signal lights
and an activated side stop signal arm.

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                     – The following rule text is entirely new –

Rule 351.    Action to Contest Civil Liability for Passing a School Bus with
Flashing Red Lights and an Activated Side Stop Signal Arm; Failure to Respond to
a Notice of Violation.

      (a)   As used in this rule:

            (1)    “Vehicle owner” means the owner of a vehicle alleged to have
                   violated 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345, relating to enforcement of failure to stop
                   for a school bus with flashing red lights and an activated side stop
                   signal arm, brought pursuant to 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345.1.

            (2)    “Police department” means the police department issuing the notice
                   of violation of 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345, relating to enforcement of failure to
                   stop for a school bus with flashing red lights and an activated side
                   stop signal arm, brought pursuant to 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345.1.

      (b)   Venue. An action filed pursuant to this rule shall only be filed in the
            magisterial district court in the magisterial district where the alleged violation
            of 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345 occurred.

      (c)   Proceedings.

            (1)    Vehicle Owner Request to Contest Liability.

                   (i)     A vehicle owner may contest the liability alleged in the notice
                           of violation within 30 days of the mailing of the notice of
                           violation by filing a hearing request form prescribed by the
                           State Court Administrator together with a copy of the notice of
                           violation.

                   (ii)    The vehicle owner shall pay all costs for filing and service of
                           the hearing request form at the time of filing or, if without the
                           financial resources to pay the costs of litigation, the vehicle
                           owner shall file a petition to proceed in forma pauperis
                           pursuant to Rule 206E.

                   (iii)   After setting the hearing date pursuant to Rule 305, the
                           magisterial district judge shall serve the hearing request on
                           the police department by mailing a copy to the police
                           department at the address listed on the notice of violation by
                           certified mail or comparable delivery method resulting in a

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                             return receipt in paper or electronic form. The return receipt
                             shall show that the hearing request was received by the police
                             department.

              (2)     Vehicle Owner Fails to Respond to Notice of Violation. If the
                      vehicle owner fails to respond to the notice of violation within 30 days
                      of the original notice by either paying the fine as indicated on the
                      notice of violation or contesting liability as provided in subdivision
                      (c)(1), the police department may file a civil complaint against the
                      vehicle owner pursuant to Rule 303.

       (d)    Evidence. The hearing is subject to the standards of evidence set forth in
              Rule 321, except that photographs, videos, vehicle titles, police reports, and
              records of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation may also be
              entered as evidence by any party without affidavit or other evidence of their
              truth, accuracy, or authenticity.

Comment: 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345.1 provides for automated side stop signal arm
enforcement systems to identify and civilly fine the owners of vehicles failing to stop for a
school bus with flashing red lights and an activated side stop signal arm. This rule was
adopted to address the provisions of the statute that (1) allow a vehicle owner to contest
liability for a notice of violation and (2) establishes a mechanism for a police department
to file a complaint when a vehicle owner has failed to respond to a notice of violation.

        Insofar as other procedures under these rules may be applicable, the vehicle
owner shall be deemed the “defendant” and the police department shall be deemed the
“plaintiff.”

         A vehicle owner issued a notice of violation under 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345.1 may contest
liability by requesting a hearing with the magisterial district judge in the magisterial district
where the violation occurred. The initiating document in an action filed by a vehicle owner
to contest liability is the hearing request form, which shall be used in lieu of a complaint.

        If the magisterial district judge finds the vehicle owner liable for the violation, the
vehicle owner shall pay civil fines incurred pursuant to 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345.1(c) to the police
department and not to the magisterial district court. See Rule 3.10(A)(2) of the Rules
Governing Standards of Conduct of Magisterial District Judges (prohibiting a magisterial
district judge from engaging in any activity related to the collection of a claim or judgment
for money); see also Pa.R.Civ.P.M.D.J. 323, Comment (“The payments are to be made
to the plaintiff and not to the magisterial district judge”).

       If the magisterial district judge enters judgment in favor of the vehicle owner, the
vehicle owner is entitled to recover taxable costs from the police department. See

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Pa.R.Civ.P.M.D.J. 206B (“The prevailing party in magisterial district court proceedings
shall be entitled to recover taxable costs from the unsuccessful party. Such costs shall
consist of all filing, personal service, witness, and execution costs authorized by Act of
Assembly or general rule and paid by the prevailing party.”). Procedures for enforcement
of judgments, including judgments in favor of the plaintiff for taxable costs from the
defendant, are set forth in Rules 401 et seq.

         If the vehicle owner fails to respond to the notice of violation within 30 days of the
original notice by either paying the fine as indicated on the notice of violation or contesting
liability as provided in subdivision (c)(1), the police department may file a civil complaint
against the vehicle owner in the magisterial district where the violation occurred pursuant
to Rule 303. See 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345.1(i.1)(2)(iii). A complaint filed by a police department
to enforce a notice of violation when the vehicle owner failed to respond will proceed as
any other civil action filed pursuant to Rule 303 except as otherwise provided in this Rule.
See also Pa.R.Civ.P.M.D.J. 206 (pertaining to costs).

      Photographs, videos, vehicle titles, police reports, and records of the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation were added to the existing business record exceptions in
Rule 321 because they are the proofs most likely to be used to support the permitted
defenses to 75 Pa.C.S. § 3345.1(c).

       See Rules 1001 et seq. for procedures to appeal a judgment rendered by a
magisterial district judge or to file a praecipe for a writ of certiorari in civil actions, including
actions brought pursuant to this rule.

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