Court Opinion

ID: 9412034
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-07-28 18:11:26.475081+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:41:24.849179
License: Public Domain

J-S10038-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA            :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                         :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                         :
              v.                         :
                                         :
                                         :
 ORIN L. WADLINGTON, SR.                 :
                                         :
                    Appellant            :   No. 2567 EDA 2022

           Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered September 13, 2022
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County
              Criminal Division at No: CP-09-CR-0002665-2020

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and STABILE, J.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                           FILED JULY 27, 2023

     Appellant, Orin L. Wadlington, Sr., appeals from the September 13,

2022 order dismissing his petition pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act

(“PCRA”) 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-46. We affirm.

     The PCRA court summarized the pertinent facts in its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)

opinion:

           Appellant was arrested on June 18, 2020, and the resulting
     changes included aggravated assault, robbery of a motor vehicle,
     simple assault, unauthorized use of a motor vehicle, and reckless
     endangerment of another person. On August 2, 2021, Appellant
     entered into a negotiated guilty plea to a single count of robbery
     of a motor vehicle and the Commonwealth withdrew the remaining
     charges as part of a negotiation. On the same day, this Court
     sentenced Appellant to a term of imprisonment of five to fifteen
     years in state custody.

           The uncontroverted facts presented at the plea establish
     that Appellant had borrowed the vehicle in question a few days
     before June 18, 2020. While Appellant originally had permission
     to borrow the car, it had not been returned as expected. The
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      owner of the car confronted the Appellant, who was sitting in the
      driver’s side of the vehicle, in a Kohl’s Department Store parking
      lot in Bensalem Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. When
      confronted and asked to return the vehicle by the owner,
      Appellant attempted to push the owner from the vehicle and drove
      away in the vehicle, dragging the car owner who had been
      grabbing the driver’s side door handle. The car owner sustained
      injuries to her face, hand, and leg as a result of the Appellant’s
      actions.

PCRA Court Opinion, 12/4/22, at 1-2 (record citations omitted).

      On October 20, 2021, the trial court denied Appellant’s motion for

reconsideration of his sentence.      Appellant did not file a direct appeal.

Proceeding pro se, Appellant filed a timely first PCRA petition on December

16, 2021. Appointed counsel filed an amended petition on April 22, 2022,

challenging the effectiveness of plea counsel and the voluntariness of

Appellant’s plea. The PCRA court conducted a hearing on June 6, 2022. After

receiving post-hearing briefs, the PCRA court dismissed the petition on

September 13, 2022. This timely appeal followed.

      Appellant presents one question:

            Did the PCRA court err in denying post-conviction relief with
      respect to Appellant’s claim that he received ineffective assistance
      of counsel in the guilty plea proceedings where defense counsel
      did not properly investigate the facts of the case, the information
      provided by Appellant with respect to the allegations, did not
      obtain surveillance video necessary to the defense, failed to speak
      with witnesses, and failed to gather exculpatory evidence, all of
      which forced and coerced Appellant to enter a guilty plea?

Appellant’s Brief at vi.

      On review, we must determine whether the record supports the PCRA

court’s findings of fact; findings of fact supported in the record are binding on

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this Court. Commonwealth v. Reyes-Rodriguez, 111 A.3d 775, 779 (Pa.

Super. 2015) (en banc), appeal denied, 123 A.3d 331 (Pa. 2015). We also

must discern whether the PCRA court committed an error of law.              For

questions of law, our standard of review is de novo and the scope of our review

is plenary. Id. Counsel is presumed effective; to succeed on a claim alleging

otherwise, a PCRA petitioner must plead and prove by a preponderance of the

evidence that (1) the underlying claim is of arguable merit; (2) counsel had

no reasonable strategic basis in support of the disputed action or inaction; and

(3) counsel’s error was prejudicial, such that the outcome of the proceeding

would have been different but for the error. Id. at 780.

       A criminal defendant enjoys the right to effective counsel in connection

with the entry of a guilty plea.1 Commonwealth v. Rathfon, 899 A.2d 365,

369 (Pa. Super. 2006) Commonwealth v. Kelly, 136 A.3d 1007, 1013 (Pa.

Super. 2016). “Where the defendant enters his plea on the advice of counsel,

____________________________________________

1   The PCRA provides relief for, among other things:

             ii) Ineffective assistance of counsel which, in the
       circumstances of the particular case, so undermined the truth-
       determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or
       innocence could have taken place.

              (iii) A plea of guilty unlawfully induced where the
       circumstances make it likely that the inducement caused the
       petitioner to plead guilty and the petitioner is innocent.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(ii, iii).         Appellant is proceeding under
§ 9543(a)(2)(ii). Appellant’s Brief at 13. We therefore analyze this case
under the law applicable to ineffective assistance of counsel.

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the voluntariness of the plea depends on whether counsel’s advice was within

the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.”            Id.

(quoting Commonwealth v. Moser, 921 A.2d 526, 531 (Pa. Super. 2007)).

To establish that plea counsel’s ineffectiveness was prejudicial, the petitioner

must establish that but for counsel’s mistakes, the petitioner would not have

pled guilty and instead would have proceeded to trial. Rathfon, 899 A.2d at

370.

       The record reflects that the owner of the vehicle, Jennifer Culver-Gross,

was Appellant’s ex-girlfriend. Appellant testified at the PCRA hearing that he

had permission to use the car on the day in question, and that Culver-Gross

and others were the assailants and Appellant the victim. N.T. 6/6/22, at 15-

19.    He claimed he turned the vehicle on and fled from the scene after

somebody pointed a gun at him. Id. Appellant asserts, based on his own

account of events, that plea counsel’s inadequate investigation led him to

advise a guilty plea.

       First, and most generally, Appellant claims plea counsel was ineffective

for failing to investigate all facts set forth in the Commonwealth’s affidavit of

probable cause.     This argument fails.    First, we observe that Appellant

admitted the pertinent facts at his plea colloquy.     A defendant who pleads

guilty is bound by statements made under oath in court and cannot later

contradict them. Commonwealth v. Pollard, 832 A.2d 517, 523 (Pa. Super.

2003) (“The longstanding rule of Pennsylvania law is that a defendant may

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not challenge his guilty plea by asserting that he lied while under oath, even

if he avers that counsel induced the lies.”). Second, plea counsel testified at

the PCRA hearing that Appellant provided counsel with a version of events

that implicated him in the crime of robbery of a motor vehicle.2 According to

plea counsel, Appellant admitted that Culver-Gross was the lawful owner of

the vehicle, that he did not have permission to use it on the day in question,

that he refused Culver-Gross’s demand to get out of the vehicle, and that he

drove away while Culver-Gross was still holding a door handle and thus

dragged her part way through the parking lot. N.T., 6/6/22, at 39. Appellant

never told counsel that anyone pointed a gun at him before he drove away.

Id. Thus, counsel advised Appellant that he was mistaken in believing that

his version of events, if believed by a finder of fact, would result in his acquittal

on all charges. Id.      The PCRA court found plea counsel’s testimony to be

credible, and we are bound by that determination.

       Next, Appellant claims counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate

a witness who would have corroborated Appellant’s version of events. The

witness in question, Suresh Patel, was managing a 7-Eleven convenience store

near the location of the crime scene during the relevant time.            Appellant

testified at the PCRA hearing that he fled to the 7-Eleven after he escaped

____________________________________________

2  Robbery of a motor vehicle occurs where a person “steals or takes a motor
vehicle from another person in the presence of that person or any other person
in lawful possession of the motor vehicle.” 18 Pa. C.S.A. § 3702(a).

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from Culver-Gross and the other alleged assailants, that Patel locked the doors

behind Appellant until police arrived, and that Patel could have provided

testimony in support of Appellant’s claim that he was a victim and not the

assailant. Id. at 17.

      Appellant cites Commonwealth v. Pander, 100 A.3d 626 (Pa. Super.

2014) (en banc), appeal denied, 109 A.3d 679 (Pa. 2015), wherein this Court

wrote as follows:

             Neglecting to call a witness differs from failing to investigate
      a witness in a subtle but important way. The failure to investigate
      presents an issue of arguable merit where the record
      demonstrates that counsel did not perform an investigation. It
      can be unreasonable per se to conduct no investigation into known
      witnesses.     Importantly, a petitioner still must demonstrate
      prejudice. To demonstrate prejudice where the allegation is the
      failure to interview a witness, the petitioner must show that there
      is a reasonable probability that the testimony the witness would
      have provided would have led to a different outcome at trial.

Id. at 638–39 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).

      Appellant’s argument fails for several reasons. First, as we have already

explained, the PCRA court credited plea counsel’s account of the version of

events provided to him by Appellant. Appellant’s self-serving PCRA hearing

testimony, which was deemed not credible by the PCRA court, cannot by itself

create an issue of arguable merit. Further, counsel’s investigation revealed

that the 7-Eleven in question was 200 yards away from the scene of the crime,

with shrubbery and a slight incline obscuring the view of the crime scene from

the 7-Eleven. Counsel determined that anyone inside the 7-Eleven could not

have observed the events at issue.        N.T. 6/6/22, at 38.     Thus, counsel’s

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investigation revealed that Patel could not have provided an eyewitness

account to support Appellant’s claim that he was the victim rather than the

assailant.   Appellant has failed to establish that the absence of Patel’s

testimony was prejudicial, as required under Pander.

      Finally, Appellant claims counsel’s investigation was inadequate because

counsel did not obtain surveillance footage from several nearby places of

business. The record does not support this contention, as counsel testified

that his investigation revealed that the places of business nearest the scene

of the crime either had no exterior security cameras or had cameras that were

not pointed in the right direction. Id. at 37-38. Thus, no relevant surveillance

footage was obtainable. The PCRA court credited counsel’s testimony, and we

are bound by that determination.

      Based on the foregoing, we conclude that Appellant failed to plead and

prove that plea counsel rendered ineffective assistance. We therefore affirm

the order dismissing his PCRA petition.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/27/2023

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