Court Opinion

ID: 9906804
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-05 14:24:46.026211+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:48:38.952475
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
UNPUBLISHED

              Present: Judges Humphreys, Huff and Athey

              JESSIE LEE BRANCH
                                                                              MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.     Record No. 1793-22-1                                         PER CURIAM
                                                                                DECEMBER 5, 2023
              COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

                                 FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF NORFOLK
                                               Jerrauld C. Jones, Judge

                               (J. Barry McCracken, Assistant Public Defender, on brief), for
                               appellant.

                               (Jason S. Miyares, Attorney General; Lucille M. Wall, Assistant
                               Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

                     The Circuit Court of the City of Norfolk (“trial court”) convicted Jessie Lee Branch

              (“Branch”) of misdemeanor destruction of property and three counts of violating a protective order.1

              On appeal, Branch contends that the Commonwealth’s evidence was insufficient to sustain his

              convictions. After examining the briefs and record in this case, the panel unanimously holds that

              oral argument is unnecessary because Branch’s appeal is “wholly without merit.” Code

              § 17.1-403(ii)(a); Rule 5A:27(a). As a consequence, we affirm the convictions.

                                                         I. BACKGROUND

                     On appeal, we recite the facts “in the ‘light most favorable’ to the Commonwealth, the

              prevailing party in the trial court.” Hammer v. Commonwealth, 74 Va. App. 225, 231 (2022)

              (quoting Commonwealth v. Cady, 300 Va. 325, 329 (2021)). Doing so requires us to “discard the

                     *
                         This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1-413(A).
                     1
                         The trial court dismissed a trespassing charge against Branch.
evidence of the accused in conflict with that of the Commonwealth, and regard as true all the

credible evidence favorable to the Commonwealth and all fair inferences to be drawn therefrom.”

Cady, 300 Va. at 329 (quoting Commonwealth v. Perkins, 295 Va. 323, 324 (2018)).

       In May of 2022, Angela Morrow (“Morrow”) and Branch were dating and had lived

together for five months. On May 10, 2022, after an alleged incident of abuse, Morrow sought and

was granted a protective order against Branch which expired three days later on May 13, 2022, at

11:59 p.m. Pursuant to the terms of the protective order, Morrow was granted exclusive possession

of their shared residence and Branch was prohibited from contacting Morrow or being in her

physical presence.

       At trial, Morrow testified that on May 13, 2022, at approximately 9:28 a.m., she received

several text messages from Branch’s cellphone, including a video message depicting him and two of

his friends “rapping with each other” in a car. Morrow further testified that she knew the number

was Branch’s because her phone listed his name and photo at the top of the contact associated with

the number. She had also messaged his number several times and had paid Branch’s cellphone bill

“multiple times.” Branch left messages advising Morrow that he loved her and wanted to retrieve

his clothes from their former residence. He also requested that Morrow “call [him]” to “just talk.”

       During the night of May 15, Morrow testified that she was awakened by Branch “banging

on [her] window” and “yelling and hollering all types of nonsense.” The video footage from her

Ring doorbell camera was entered in evidence, confirming Branch’s presence outside her house that

night. Morrow also identified Branch as the person “screaming” on the video based, in part, on her

recognition of his voice. Her testimony and video footage further confirmed that Branch “began

kicking and banging on the [front] storm door” before walking around the house to the back door

where he tried to kick in the back door. Morrow also testified that she was forced to lean against the

back door to prevent his entry into the house. Finally, Morrow testified that before leaving, Branch

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threw a broken coffee table against the back door.2 Because of the property damage caused by

Branch, Morrow had to replace the front storm door.

       At the conclusion of the Commonwealth’s evidence, Branch moved to strike Morrow’s

testimony as being insufficient to prove that he violated the protective order and damaged Morrow’s

property. In support thereof, he contended that the Commonwealth failed to prove that he caused

the property damage to Morrow’s residence or that he communicated with Morrow. The trial court

denied Branch’s motion to strike.

       Branch then testified on his own behalf that he had been arrested on May 12, 2022, and

released the next day. As a result, he contended that he could not have contacted Morrow by

cellphone on May 13 because when he was arrested and later released, he did not possess any

personal items, including his cellphone. He further testified that Morrow was in possession of his

cellphone during the period of his alleged violation of the protective order because he had left the

cellphone in her truck after the May 10 incident. In addition, Branch denied sending the text

messages allegedly received by Morrow at 9:28 a.m. because he had not retrieved his cellphone on

May 13 until long after Morrow testified that he had sent the text messages to her. Moreover,

Branch testified that he had not had any contact with Morrow since the incident which led to the

protective order and only communicated with Morrow through third parties. Although Branch did

acknowledge that he was in the video message sent to Morrow, he observed that the video footage

could have been created and posted to her messages at any time. Concluding his testimony, Branch

denied going to Morrow’s residence and causing the property damage at issue on May 15, 2022.

Branch rested his case and renewed his motion to strike, arguing that he had testified credibly and

that his testimony was consistent and unimpeached. Thus, he asserted the Commonwealth neither

       2
         The entire incident lasted approximately 45 minutes. Morrow had called the police
during this event, but they did not arrive until an hour and a half later.
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proved he was the person sending the messages nor that he was present at Morrow’s residence

damaging the property. The trial court denied the renewed motion to strike, and following closing

arguments, convicted Branch on all three counts of violating a protective order and for destruction

of property. Branch appealed.

                                            II. ANALYSIS

                                       A. Standard of Review

       “When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, ‘[t]he judgment of the trial court is

presumed correct and will not be disturbed unless it is plainly wrong or without evidence to

support it.’” McGowan v. Commonwealth, 72 Va. App. 513, 521 (2020) (alteration in original)

(quoting Smith v. Commonwealth, 296 Va. 450, 460 (2018)). “In such cases, ‘[t]he Court does

not ask itself whether it believes that the evidence at the trial established guilt beyond a

reasonable doubt.’” Id. (alteration in original) (quoting Secret v. Commonwealth, 296 Va. 204,

228 (2018)). “Rather, the relevant question is whether ‘any rational trier of fact could have

found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Vasquez v.

Commonwealth, 291 Va. 232, 248 (2016) (quoting Williams v. Commonwealth, 278 Va. 190, 193

(2009)). “If there is evidentiary support for the conviction, ‘the reviewing court is not permitted

to substitute its own judgment, even if its opinion might differ from the conclusions reached by

the finder of fact at the trial.’” McGowan, 72 Va. App. at 521 (quoting Chavez v.

Commonwealth, 69 Va. App. 149, 161 (2018)).

           B. The trial court did not err in convicting Branch because the record includes
              sufficient evidence in support of its verdict that Branch violated the protective
              order and damaged Morrow’s property.

       Branch argues that the trial court erred in finding that the Commonwealth introduced

sufficient evidence to convict him of violating the protective order and damaging Morrow’s

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property because Morrow’s testimony was “limited” and relied on “assumption[s]” while his

testimony was “credib[le]” and “not impeached.” We disagree.

        “At trial, the Commonwealth bears the burden of proving the identity of the accused as

the perpetrator beyond a reasonable doubt.” Cuffee v. Commonwealth, 61 Va. App. 353, 364

(2013) (quoting Blevins v. Commonwealth, 40 Va. App. 412, 423 (2003)). As with “any

element” of an offense, the Commonwealth may prove the defendant’s identity through direct or

circumstantial evidence. Crawley v. Commonwealth, 29 Va. App. 372, 375 (1999).

“[C]ircumstantial evidence is competent and is entitled to as much weight as direct evidence

provided that the circumstantial evidence is sufficiently convincing.” Pijor v. Commonwealth,

294 Va. 502, 512 (2017) (alteration in original) (quoting Dowden v. Commonwealth, 260 Va.

459, 468 (2000)). “While no single piece of evidence may be sufficient, the combined force of

many concurrent and related circumstances . . . may lead a reasonable mind irresistibly to a

conclusion.” Id. at 512-13 (alteration in original) (quoting Muhammad v. Commonwealth, 269

Va. 451, 479 (2005)). Moreover, our review “does not distinguish between direct and

circumstantial evidence, as the fact finder itself ‘is entitled to consider all of the evidence,

without distinction, in reaching its determination.’” Commonwealth v. Moseley, 293 Va. 455,

463 (2017) (quoting Commonwealth v. Hudson, 265 Va. 505, 513 (2003)).

        Here, the totality of the evidence presented compels the conclusion that Branch sent the text

messages to Morrow in violation of the protective order and that he caused the damage to her

property. Hence, Morrow’s testimony that the text messages appeared on her phone from a contact

with Branch’s name and photo and the fact that Morrow was in a relationship with Branch at the

time of the incident and had texted with Branch with this saved number many times before

sufficiently infers that Branch was in fact the individual who was contacting her in violation of the

protective order. Morrow had also paid this particular cellphone bill for Branch “multiple times,”

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and the contents of the text messages themselves corroborate her testimony as well. Morrow had

also recently excluded Branch from their residence due to the protective order, thus the subject of

the messages requesting clothing from the residence and to “talk” with Morrow were consistent

with her version of events. Moreover, one of the messages was a video recording of Branch, further

substantiating Morrow’s claim that Branch sent the text messages violating the protective order.

        Morrow’s testimony and Ring doorbell footage also sufficiently established that Branch was

the perpetrator responsible for the property damage at her residence. Morrow recognized Branch

both from the “yelling and hollering” and from seeing him on her Ring doorbell camera on the night

the property damage occurred.

        Even though Branch testified that he did not send the messages and did not destroy

Morrow’s property, the trial court “was at liberty to discount [his] self-serving statements as little

more than lying to conceal his guilt.” Poole v. Commonwealth, 73 Va. App. 357, 369 (2021)

(quoting Becker v. Commonwealth, 64 Va. App. 481, 495 (2015)). In addition, although Branch

asserted that his testimony was credible, consistent, and unimpeached, and that Morrow’s testimony

was colorable, Branch confirmed his culpability, in part, by admitting that he communicated, albeit

through third parties, with Morrow during the time the protective order was effective. Branch also,

to his detriment, acknowledged that he was one of the persons in the video recording sent to

Morrow. Thus, the trial court was entitled to reject Branch’s testimony and infer that his

prevarications were made “in an effort to conceal his guilt.” Covil v. Commonwealth, 268 Va. 692,

696 (2004). Finally, “[d]etermining the credibility of witnesses . . . is within the exclusive

province of the [fact finder], which has the unique opportunity to observe the demeanor of the

witnesses as they testify.” Dalton v. Commonwealth, 64 Va. App. 512, 525 (2015) (second

alteration in original) (quoting Lea v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 300, 304 (1993)). Here, the

trial court was well within its discretion in believing Morrow’s testimony and rejecting Branch’s

                                                  -6-
testimony as self-serving. Moreover, since the Commonwealth’s evidence was competent, not

inherently incredible, and sufficient to sustain Branch’s convictions, the trial court did not err in

finding Branch guilty of violating the order protecting Morrow and for damaging property at her

residence.

                                           III. CONCLUSION

        For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s judgment is affirmed.

                                                                                                Affirmed.

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