Court Opinion

ID: 4456142
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-11-15 15:08:01.439247+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:45:21.210026
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                             APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
 This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this
           opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                       SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                       APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                       DOCKET NO. A-3957-17T1

IN THE MATTER OF
FRANKLIN HERNANDEZ,
CITY OF PERTH AMBOY.
___________________________

                Argued July 9, 2019 – Decided November 15, 2019

                Before Judges Nugent and Accurso.

                On appeal from the New Jersey Civil Service
                Commission, Docket No. 2018-1058.

                Charles J. Uliano argued the cause for appellant
                Franklin Hernandez (Chamlin Rosen Uliano &
                Witherington, attorneys; Charles J. Uliano, of counsel;
                Andrew Thomas Walsh, on the brief).

                Michael Scott Williams argued the cause for
                respondent City of Perth Amboy (Cruser, Mitchell,
                Novitz, Sanchez, Gaston & Zimet, LLP, attorneys;
                Michael Scott Williams, of counsel and on the brief).

                Debra Allen, Deputy Attorney General, argued the
                cause for respondent Civil Service Commission (Gurbir
                S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney; Debra Allen, on
                the statement in lieu of brief).

PER CURIAM
      Appellant Franklin Hernandez, a former City of Perth Amboy police

officer, appeals from the final decision of the Civil Service Commission

(Commission) that upheld his removal from office.           The City removed

Hernandez after learning that while serving a tour of duty in the military,

Hernandez pled guilty to "Assault Consummated by a Battery" for "grasping" a

former girlfriend where her neck and shoulder met and attempting to force her

out of a nightclub.

      The New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice, specifically N.J.S.A. 2C:39-7,

Certain Persons Not to Have Weapons, prohibits people from purchasing,

owning, possessing, or controlling a firearm if they have "been convicted in this

State or elsewhere of a disorderly persons offense involving domestic violence."

N.J.S.A. 2C:39-7(b)(2). The City removed Hernandez on the ground that his

conviction was a disorderly persons offense involving domestic violence, he was

thus prohibited by the Certain Persons statute from carrying a weapon in New

Jersey, and he could not perform his duties as a police officer if he could not

carry a weapon. Because the Commission's final decision was not arbitrary,

capricious, or unreasonable, we affirm.

      The material facts are not in dispute. Hernandez was both a police officer

with the City of Perth Amboy police department and a member of the New Jersey

                                                                          A-3957-17T1
                                          2
Army National Guard. In May 2014, Hernandez received orders mobilizing him

to active duty and he was deployed to Qatar.

        Although "fraternization" between Non-commissioned Officers and

Junior Enlisted Soldiers was prohibited, in September 2014, Hernandez, a

sergeant, began a dating, romantic relationship with a Specialist (SPC). Despite

being ordered by his superiors to terminate the relationship, Hernandez

continued dating the SPC until she terminated the relationship three months

later, in December. The next week, on Christmas Eve, Hernandez encountered

the SPC at a club at their camp. The ensuing incident involving Hernandez and

the SPC is described in a stipulation Hernandez entered into as part of his guilty

plea:

             [They] exchanged greetings, wishing each other a
             Merry Christmas, but then engaged in a verbal dispute
             regarding whether [the SPC] . . . was seeing other
             persons. Sergeant Hernandez turned around and
             grasped with his hand the area on [the SPC's] body
             where her neck and shoulder met. Sergeant Hernandez
             did not have [the] . . . permission to touch her there in
             that manner. In a sworn statement to Military Police
             [the SPC] stated that SGT Hernandez forcefully
             grabbed her by the back of her neck and tried to take
             her out of the . . . club. She stated that before he
             grabbed her, she had agreed to talk with SGT
             Hernandez outside of the club so as not to create a
             scene. She stated that she asked SGT Hernandez to let
             her tell her friends where she was going and to let her
             get her purse that she had left with another Solider.

                                                                           A-3957-17T1
                                        3
            [The SPC] . . . stated that SGT Hernandez told her "no,"
            to get her purse only, and to leave with him now. It was
            at this moment that she stated SGT Hernandez grabbed
            her neck and tried to take her out of the club. [The SPC]
            stated that she told SGT Hernandez he was hurting her
            and to let go of her. She further stated that SGT
            Hernandez did not let go of her, and it was not until she
            asked him three times to remove his hand and two other
            Soldiers came to intervene that he finally removed his
            hand from her neck.

      Hernandez pled guilty to violating the Uniform Code of Military Justice

(UCMJ), Article 128, "Assault Consummated by a Battery."         Hernandez also

pled guilty to two other charges not relevant to this appeal.

      In August 2017, after Hernandez had returned to his employment with the

City of Perth Amboy Police Department, he was served with a Preliminary

Notice of Disciplinary Action (PNDA). The PNDA specified four general

charges for major discipline under N.J.A.C. 4A:2-2.3(a): (3) inability to perform

duties; (5) conviction of a crime; (6) conduct unbecoming a public employee;

and (12) other sufficient cause. In the PNDA section concerning incidents

giving rise to the charges, the PNDA contained the following information:

            Mr. Hernandez pleaded guilty to the crime of "assault
            consummated by a battery" pursuant to Article 128 of
            the UCMJ with the victim being a fellow soldier to
            whom Mr. Hernandez had been in a "romantic
            relationship." As such, Mr. Hernandez is in violation
            of N.J.A.C. 4A:2-2.3(a)(5)(6) and (12).

                                                                          A-3957-17T1
                                        4
            Pursuant to this conviction, the Middlesex County
            Prosecutor's Office advised the City of Perth Amboy
            that it considers Mr. Hernandez's conviction to
            constitute a domestic violence offense and accordingly
            advised that Mr. Hernandez is prohibited from carrying
            a service weapon and has ordered that Mr. Hernandez
            turn over his personal firearm.        N.J.A.C. 4A:2-
            2.3(a)(3).

      In a note on the last page of the PNDA, the City added:

            Failure to inform Police Department of the status of
            pending charges of a serious crime while on Military
            leave under the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
            N.J.A.C. 4A:2-2.3(a)(6) & (7).

      Following a hearing, the City served Hernandez with a Final Notice of

Disciplinary Action (FNDA), which documented that four charges enumerated

in N.J.A.C. 4A:2-2.3(a) had been sustained: (1) incompetency, inefficiency or

failure to perform duties; (5) conviction of a crime; (6) conduct unbecoming a

public employee; and (12) other sufficient cause.   It also stated:

            Mr. Hernandez pleaded guilty to the crime of "assault
            consummated by a battery" pursuant to Article 128 of
            the UCMJ with the victim being a fellow soldier to
            whom Mr. Hernandez had been in a "romantic
            relationship." As such, Mr. Hernandez is in violation
            of N.J.A.C. 4A:2-2.3(a)(5)(6) and (12).

      In a note on the last page of the FNDA, the City added:

            Pursuant to this conviction, the Middlesex County
            Prosecutor's office advised the City of Perth Amboy
            that it considers Mr. Hernandez's conviction to

                                                                       A-3957-17T1
                                       5
            constitute a domestic violence offen[s]e and
            accordingly advised that Mr. Hernandez is prohibited
            from carrying a service weapon and has ordered that
            Mr. Hernandez turn over his personal firearm. N.J.A.C.
            [4A:2-2.3(a)(3).]

      Hernandez filed an administrative appeal. The appeal was heard by an

administrative law judge (ALJ) who decided the matter in a summary decision .

Based upon stipulated facts, the ALJ determined that Hernandez was involved

in a "dating relationship" with the SPC, and that such a relationship fell within

the definition of a "domestic relationship" under New Jersey's Prevention of

Domestic Violence Act (PDVA), N.J.S.A. 2C:25-17 to -35.              Concluding

Hernandez had committed an act of domestic violence by assaulting the SPC,

and further concluding Hernandez's conduct constituted a "disorderly persons

offense involving domestic violence" under N.J.S.A. 2C:39-7(b)(2), which

prohibits certain persons from possessing weapons, the ALJ found that

Hernandez was prohibited from carrying a firearm. Consequently, Hernandez

could not perform his duties as a police officer, and the City of Perth Amboy

properly removed him from that position. The ALJ also found Hernandez's

conduct unbecoming a public employee.

                                                                          A-3957-17T1
                                       6
      The ALJ did not sustain the charge of conviction of a crime and did not

address the charge that Hernandez had failed to inform the City of the military

charges as the City had offered no evidence concerning that charge.

      Hernandez filed exceptions to the ALJ's decision. After independently

evaluating the record, the Commission adopted the ALJ's findings of fact and

conclusion, and thus affirmed the City's action in removing Hernandez. This

appeal followed.

      On appeal, Hernandez argues his plea to assault consummated by battery

under the UCMJ was not an act of domestic violence and therefore he is entitled

to the return of his weapon and reinstatement as a police officer. He notes the

UCMJ, Article 128, codified in 10 U.S.C. § 928, Assault Consummated by a

Battery, does not contain an element of domestic violence. Specifically, the

Article declares:

            (a) Any person subject to this chapter who attempts or
            offers with unlawful force or violence to do bodily
            harm to another person, whether or not the attempt or
            offer is consummated, is guilty of assault and shall be
            punished as a court-martial may direct.

      In addition, Hernandez argues that 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9), commonly

known as the Lautenberg Amendment to the Federal Gun Control Act of 1968,

18 U.S.C. §§ 921-930, does not prohibit him from possessing a gun. He points

                                                                        A-3957-17T1
                                       7
out that 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9) prohibits any person "who has been convicted in

any court of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence" from possessing a

firearm. Although he concedes that under our decision in State v. Wahl, 365
N.J. Super. 356 (App. Div. 2004), conviction of a disorderly persons offense i s

the equivalent of a "misdemeanor" under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9), he argues that

a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence must be committed by one of the

following persons:

            a current or former spouse, parent, or guardian of the
            victim, by a person with whom the victim shares a child
            in common, by a person who is cohabiting with or has
            cohabited with the victim as a spouse, parent, or
            guardian, or by a person similarly situated to a spouse,
            parent, or guardian of the victim.

            [18 U.S.C. § 921(a)(33)(A)(ii).]

      Hernandez also notes that the term "intimate partner" is defined in 18

U.S.C. §921(a)(32) and "means with respect to a person, the spouse of the

person, a former spouse of the person, an individual who is a parent of a child

of the person, and an individual who cohabitates or has cohabited with the

person." He argues that a dating relationship is not included within any of these

definitions, and thus it was not illegal to possess a weapon under the Federal

Gun Control Act. He also argues that any suggestion by the ALJ to the contrary

is misplaced.

                                                                          A-3957-17T1
                                       8
      We affirm, substantially for the reasons expressed by the ALJ in his initial

decision, which the Commission accepted and adopted. We add the following

comments.

      Hernandez argues that to constitute a "misdemeanor crime of domestic

violence" under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9), the predicate misdemeanor must identify

as an element of a crime a domestic relationship between the aggressor and the

victim. The United States Supreme Court has expressly rejected the argument

and held "the domestic relationship, although it must be established beyond a

reasonable doubt in a § 922(g)(9) firearms possession prosecution, need not be

a defining element of the predicate offense." United States v. Hayes, 555 U.S.
415, 418 (2009).

      Hernandez does not directly dispute that his conviction of assault

consummated by a battery is an act of domestic violence under the PDVA,

N.J.S.A. 2C:25-19(2). Nor does he dispute that assault consummated by a

battery is the equivalent of a "disorderly persons offense involving domestic

violence" under N.J.S.A. 2C:39-7(b)(2), which in New Jersey prohibits a person

guilty of such offense from possessing a firearm. Rather, he emphasizes that his

conviction is not a "misdemeanor crime of domestic violence" under 18 U.S.C.

§ 922(g)(9). He then merely asserts, in conclusory fashion, that "any attempt to

                                                                           A-3957-17T1
                                        9
pursue 'domestic violence' charges or compel the surrender of [his] weapons

. . . is subject to federal preemption." In support of that proposition, he cites to

Wahl, 365 N.J. Super. at 356, though acknowledging through a parenthetical

explanation that Wahl held the "federal doctrine of preemption was inapplicable

in domestic violence weapons forfeiture proceeding, in which defendant had

been convicted of disorderly persons offense of simple assault."

      In 18 U.S.C. § 927, Congress provided:

            No provision of this chapter shall be construed as
            indicating an intent on the part of the Congress to
            occupy the field in which such provision operates to the
            exclusion of the law of any State on the same subject
            matter, unless there is a direct and positive conflict
            between such provision and the law of the State so that
            the two cannot be reconciled or consistently stand
            together.

      Hernandez does not explain why the ALJ's conclusion was wrong or why

New Jersey's Certain Persons statute "is directly and positively in conflict" with

the Federal Gun Control Act "so that the two cannot be reconciled or

consistently stand together." Rather, he makes a bald assertion and supports it

by citation to a case that arguably supports the contrary proposition.

      Parties to an appeal are required to make a proper legal argument,

"[s]upporting [their] legal argument with appropriate record reference [s] . . . .

[and] provid[ing] the law." State v. Hild, 148 N.J. Super. 294, 296 (App. Div.

                                                                            A-3957-17T1
                                        10
1977); see also Sackman v. N.J. Mfrs. Ins. Co., 445 N.J. Super. 278, 297-98

(App. Div. 2016). Counsel are required to "present [a] reasonably competent

analysis of the law as it relate[s] to the facts of th[e] case. Sackman, 445 N.J.

Super. at 298-99. An argument based on conclusory statements is insufficient

to warrant appellate review. Nextel of N.Y., Inc. v. Bd. of Adjustment, 361 N.J.

Super. 22, 45 (App. Div. 2003).

      These observations notwithstanding, under the narrow facts of this case

we do not find an irreconcilable conflict between the Federal Gun Control Act

and N.J.S.A. 2C:39-7(b)(2). The purpose of both statutes is to protect domestic

violence victims and to keep guns out of the hands of those who have perpetrated

acts of domestic violence. Hernandez assaulted a woman with whom he had

been in a dating, romantic relationship.     His emotional attachment was so

significant that he was willing to violate the prohibition against dating a junior

officer and disregard a direct command from a superior to end the relationship.

When the SPC ended the relationship, Hernandez resorted to violence when he

saw her at a club. Under these circumstances, we do not find that the Federal

Gun Control Act and New Jersey's Certain Persons Not to Have Weapons Statute

cannot consistently stand together.

                                                                           A-3957-17T1
                                       11
      The ALJ's and Commission's decisions are supported by sufficient

credible evidence on the record as a whole.        R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(D).       The

Commission's final determination is not arbitrary, capricious or unreasonable.

Karins v. Atl. City, 152 N.J. 532, 540 (1998). Hernandez's arguments to the

contrary are without sufficient merit to warrant further discussion. R. 2:11-

3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.

                                                                         A-3957-17T1
                                     12