Court Opinion

ID: 6498269
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-06 20:00:17.024299+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:50:55.488257
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                               _______________________

                                     No. 21-1829
                               _______________________

                           YVETTE M. TILLMAN HENLEY,
                                     Appellant

                                             v.

        BRANDYWINE HOSPITAL, LLC; LISA MACMULLEN, Individually

                               _______________________

                    On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                            District Court No. 2-18-cv-04520
                  Chief District Judge: The Honorable Juan R. Sanchez
                             __________________________

                      Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1 (a)
                                    June 16, 2022

              Before: HARDIMAN, SMITH, and FISHER, Circuit Judges

                                   (Filed: July 6, 2022)

                             __________________________

                                      OPINION*
                             __________________________

*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
SMITH, Circuit Judge.

       Yvette M. Tillman Henley, an African-American, filed this civil action against

both her employer, Brandywine Hospital, and her supervisor, Lisa MacMullen. She

alleged, inter alia, that Brandywine Hospital and MacMullen subjected her to a racially

hostile environment in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C.

§ 1981, and the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act (PHRA), and that they interfered

with her rights under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). The District Court

denied Brandywine Hospital’s initial motion to dismiss the hostile environment and

FMLA claims. After discovery closed, Brandywine Hospital successfully moved for

summary judgment.1 This timely appeal followed.2 We will affirm the judgment of the

District Court.

       Henley began her employment as an emergency room registrar in 2011, working

the 3:00 to 11:30 PM shift. Because of diabetes mellitus and hypokalemia she required

bathroom breaks to check her blood pressure and sugar as needed. Some co-workers and

managers complained about these breaks. In turn, Henley complained to her immediate

supervisor, Christal Nowlin, an African-American woman, about comments some co-

1
  The District Court granted summary judgment on the basis that Brandywine Hospital,
which became the owner and operator of the facility on October 1, 2017, had “no
successor liability” for Henley’s claims. A2. In the alternative, the District Court
addressed the merits of Henley’s claims. We address the merits because it is not clear to
us, given the nature of this acquisition and the lack of information about the transfer in
the record, whether successor liability should attach. See Rego v. ARC Water Treatment
Co. of Pa., 181 F.3d 396, 401–02 (3d Cir. 1999).
2
  The District Court exercised jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1367. We have
final order jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We exercise plenary review over a grant
of summary judgment. E.E.O.C. v. GEO Grp., Inc., 616 F.3d 265, 270 (3d Cir. 2010).
                                            2
workers were making about her frequent bathroom breaks. On at least one occasion, “HR

intervention” was deemed necessary. A433. According to Henley, co-workers

complained that she spoke too much with Nowlin. And Henley asserted that two of her

co-workers disparaged African-American patients and often asked her to handle those

patients rather than do so themselves. One of these co-workers made an inappropriate

racially-charged remark about sex and Henley’s husband. Nowlin overheard that remark,

immediately called that co-worker into her office, and admonished the co-worker that the

remark was unacceptable. The co-worker apologized to Henley.

       The District Court granted Brandywine Hospital’s motion for summary judgment.

The Court determined that “Henley’s hostile work environment claims fail because there

is insufficient evidence to find any discrimination that she faced was severe or

pervasive.” A13. We agree. Henley objected to her work environment, but her written

statements referenced inter-personal conflicts and were devoid of any reference to

racially objectionable conduct. The evidence that related to race revealed sporadic

complaints that we conclude were neither severe nor pervasive enough to alter the terms

and conditions of her employment. See Castleberry v. STI Grp., 863 F.3d 259, 264 (3d

Cir. 2017). Accordingly, we conclude that the District Court did not err by granting

summary judgment to Brandywine Hospital on Henley’s racially hostile environment

claims.3

3
 It follows from this conclusion that the District Court did not err in deciding that
Henley’s claim under the PHRA, 43 Pa. Stat. § 955(e), against MacMullen for aiding and
abetting the racially hostile environment also failed. See Dici v. Pennsylvania, 91 F.3d
542, 553 (3d Cir. 1996).
                                             3
       Henley also challenges the District Court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of

Brandywine Hospital on her FMLA claim. The District Court concluded that she was

unable to “establish prejudice because there [was] no evidence that the actions of

Brandywine Hospital, Goble, [the human resources director,] MacMullen or anyone else

‘rendered [her] unable to exercise [her FMLA rights] in a meaningful way.’” A18

(citation omitted).

       On appeal, Henley seeks to salvage her FMLA claim by asserting in a single page

of argument—and citing only the District Court’s earlier denial of Brandywine Hospital’s

12(b)(6) motion—that she established an FMLA interference claim based on actions

taken by co-workers and supervisors discouraging her use of FMLA intermittent time.

See Fraternal Order of Police v. City of Camden, 842 F.3d 231, 245 (3d Cir. 2016)

(acknowledging FMLA claim based on discouraging an employee from exercising his

FMLA rights (citing 29 C.F.R. § 825.220(b))). This mere, “passing reference” to an

FMLA claim, however, constitutes the abandonment of it. See Laborers’ Int’l Union v.

Foster Wheeler Energy Corp., 26 F.3d 375, 398 (3d Cir. 1994) (internal citation omitted).

       Even if it was not abandoned, we note that Henley fails to recognize that this

appeal concerns the District Court’s adjudication of a summary judgment motion which

required her to adduce proof of every element of her claim. See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett,

477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). In Ragsdale v. Wolverine World Wide, Inc., 535 U.S. 81, 89

(2002), the Supreme Court instructed that an employee who asserts an FMLA

interference claim under 29 U.S.C. § 2617 is not entitled to any “relief unless the

employee has been prejudiced by the violation.” Here, Henley has failed to adduce
                                             4
evidence of lost compensation or benefits, or any actual monetary losses. Nor has she

established a basis for equitable relief such as reinstatement, promotion, or backpay. See

29 U.S.C. § 2617(a)(1)(B). And she has failed to provide authority that would entitle her

to relief on any other basis. See Brumbalough v. Camelot Care Ctrs., Inc., 427 F.3d 996,

1008 (6th Cir. 2005) (holding, after citing cases from five of its sister courts of appeals,

that “damages for emotional distress are not allowed under the FMLA”). Accordingly, in

the absence of evidence that Henley sustained any compensable damages, we conclude

that the District Court did not err in granting summary judgment on her FMLA claim.

       We will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

                                              5