Court Opinion

ID: 6294418
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-18 17:13:34.581971+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:00:23.948494
License: Public Domain

Dissenting Opinion by
Jacobs, J.:
I must respectfully dissent.
*614I would affirm the order of the court below dismissing motions for a new trial and for judgment n.o.v. filed by appellant, The Modulus Corporation, without prejudice to appellant’s right to file a timely petition for a rule to show cause why the judgment against it should not be marked satisfied.
The first basis for my disagreement with the majority’s disposition of this case lies with the majority’s statement that the verdict, as molded, and upon which the judgment was entered, is tantamount to a finding of sole liability against appellant, The Modulus Corporation. This conclusion is not supported by the record, a careful review of which reveals that both the verdict and the judgment were entered against both defendants jointly.
The judgment was entered as follows: “For the plaintiff, Alice G. Temple, Administratrix against Able Tool Company, Inc. and Modulus Corporation of Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, Screw & Bolt Division in the survival action in the amount of $40,000.00 and for the Plaintiff, Alice G. Temple, Administratrix and against the defendants, Able Tool Company, Inc. and the Modulus Corporation of Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, Screw & Bolt Division, for Wrongful death in the amount of $210,000.00.” Additionally, the lower court, in its opinion, unequivocally states that the verdict was against both defendants. The lower court said that “[t]he facts presented to the Jury during the trial of the case tended to establish the joint negligence of both defendants. The Jury did in fact by its original verdict find that both defendants were negligent. This fact cannot be in dispute. In fact the Jury determined that Modulus was primarily responsible and Able was secondarily responsible. It must therefore be concluded that the Jury found that the joint negligence of both defendants caused the plaintiff’s death.” The lower court denied appellant’s motion for judgment n.o.v. on the ground that the verdict and judgment before it were for joint liability and that issues relating to the respective liabilities of the joint *615defendants upon execution on that judgment were collateral matters not to be considered in determining if judgment n.o.v. should be granted. In so holding the lower court noted in its opinion that “[t]he [trial] Judge, only after reading the Jury’s original finding, changed the verdict slip to mold the verdict as between two defendants. While we can agree that perhaps the trial Judge erred in changing the verdict slip as he did it was harmless error because the liability of the defendants had already been established by the Jury. The trial Judge was merely trying to interpret the findings of the Jury as between the two defendants. The sole issue that had to be determined by the Jury was whether or not the plaintiff could recover, the amount of the recovery, and against whom. This the Jury decided without question____ The Jury has determined that the plaintiff is entitled to a recovery of $250,000.00, naming both defendants as negligent parties. The method of collecting this award cannot be a function of this court____ Therefore, we recommend to both parties to avail themselves of the remedies available.”
With the preceding facts in mind it is apparent that the lower court correctly denied judgment n.o.v. Where an additional defendant-employer is found to be jointly liable with the original defendant, the law is clear that judgment n.o.v. may not be granted in favor of the additional defendant-employer. This is true because entry of judgment n.o.v. in favor of the employer in such a situation would destroy the original defendant’s right to contribution against the employer. Maio v. Fahs, 339 Pa. 180, 14 A.2d 105 (1940). Were the rule otherwise its application would defeat the sole purpose for the employer’s presence in the suit, which is to protect the original or third-party defendant’s right to contribution from the employer. Socha v. Metz, 385 Pa. 632, 123 A.2d 837 (1956). See also, Grasha v. Ingersoll-Rand Co., 439 Pa. 216, 266 A.2d 710 (1970); J.W. Brown, Jr. Equip. Corp. v. Dickey, 397 Pa. 454, 155 A.2d 836 (1959). If Modulus is awarded judgment n.o.v. in the present case, *616Able Tool Company, the original defendant, will be foreclosed from asserting a claim for contribution. Whether Able Tool Company is ultimately entitled to contribution or the amount of that contribution has no bearing on the validity of the judgment entered here and Abie’s entitlement to contribution should not be adjudicated by engrafting that issue onto the issues raised by a motion for judgment n.o.v.
Moreover, even if I were in agreement with the majority’s determination that judgment was entered here against Modulus solely, I would still remain unconvinced that the lower court should have granted judgment n.o.v. Where a judgment is entered against an additional defendant-employer alone, and the Workmen’s Compensation Act applies, there is no right of contribution to be protected. Such a judgment, entered solely against the employer, as has been noted above, may not be permitted to stand. See, Winters v. Herdt, 400 Pa. 452, 162 A.2d 392 (1960); Socha v. Metz, supra; Maio v. Fahs, supra. The fact that such a judgment cannot stand does not, however, dictate that judgment n.o.v. should be granted in such a situation. To the contrary, our Supreme Court has ruled on this particular point, stating that the “proper procedure is for the employer-defendant to rule the plaintiff to show cause why the judgment should not be [marked] satisfied of record. See Maio, Exrx, v. Fahs et al., 339 Pa. 180, 14 A.2d 105.” McIntyre v. Strausser, 365 Pa. 507, 509. 76 A.2d 220, 221 (1950).
The rationale behind this procedural preference has been variously stated. On the one hand it has been said that “[w]hen a judgment at law has no standing as an enforceable liability of the one against whom it is entered, the equity powers of the court are called into play to the end that execution on the judgment be denied and that it be marked satisfied____” Winters v. Herdt, supra at 456, 162 A.2d at 394, quoting Socha v. Metz, supra at 643, 123 A.2d at 842. On the other hand, it has also been observed that the employer’s inability to set up its statutory liability as a bar to plaintiff’s common law *617claim, at trial, requires that the foregoing procedure be followed rather than the expedient of a point for binding instructions followed by a motion for judgment n.o.v. In Socha v. Metz, supra, the additional defendant-employer was the City of Philadelphia and the issue in dispute was, in part, whether the city had waived its right to have the judgment marked satisfied. In holding that the city had not waived its statutory freedom from common law liability to its employee for negligence our Supreme Court said: “The City waived nothing in respect of the exclusiveness of its liability for workmen’s compensation. It asserted the relationship of employer and employee between it and the plaintiff’s decedent as soon as the plaintiff sought to collect from the City on the judgment in the trespass action. Prior to the entry of judgment against the City, it could not have set up its statutory liability as a bar to the plaintiff’s common-law claim. Nor, when the case went to the jury, could it mention its economic relationship with the defendant: see McIntyre v. Strausser, supra. And, even after verdict, the City could not move for judgment n.o.v. on the ground of the employer-employee relationship. Both the Maio and McIntyre cases, supra, so held. ” Socha v. Metz, supra at 642, 123 A.2d at 842 (emphasis added).
Having concluded that Modulus was found solely liable, the majority relies on the decision of this Court in Burke v. Duquesne Light Company, 231 Pa. Superior Ct. 412, 332 A.2d 544 (1974) for the proposition that where a verdict is returned against an additional defendant-employer alone, the proper procedure for recognizing that such a judgment is unenforceable because of the Workmen’s Compensation Act is either to grant judgment n.o.v. in favor of the employer or to make absolute a rule to show cause why the judgment should not be marked satisfied. Although Burke v. Duquesne Light Company, supra, and our Supreme Court’s decision in Grasha v. Ingersoll-Rand Company, supra, imply tacit approval of the former of these procedural courses where the additional defendant-employer has been found solely *618liable, I do not believe that prior case law was overruled and judgment n.o.v. made an appropriate alternate remedy by those cases.1
Notwithstanding the preceding discussion of the availability of procedural alternatives where an additional defendant-employer is found solely liable, the fact remains that in the case at bar the judgment and verdict held the additional defendant-employer Modulus and the original defendant Able Tool Company jointly liable. Judgment n.o.v. was therefore clearly not appropriate and the lower court correctly so held.
I would affirm the lower court’s order denying appellant’s motion for judgment n.o.v. and a new trial.
Hoffman and Spaeth, JJ., join in this dissenting opinion.

. Grasha v. Ingersoll-Rand Company, 439 Pa. 216, 266 A.2d 710 (1970) appears at first blush to contradict the prior holdings on this point set forth herein. However, a close review of that case reveals that the procedural propriety of granting judgment n.o.v. where an additional defendant-employer is found solely liable was not before the Court in that case. Grasha neither directly nor impliedly overrules the rationale of the prior case law on this issue. Although Burke v. Duquesne Light Company, 231 Pa. Superior Ct. 412, 332 A.2d 544 (1974) appears to do so, Burke’s tacit approval of a procedural choice between judgment n.o.v. and a rule to show cause to have the judgment index marked satisfied was dicta, and, because entirely based on Grasha, is not determinative of what constitutes a proper procedure. I submit that the weight of prior case law, which clearly precludes the granting of judgment n.o.v. whether the additional defendant-employer is found jointly or solely liable, is not altered by either of those decisions.