Court Opinion

ID: 2975833
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-22 17:40:59.727406+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:43:58.413544
License: Public Domain

By order of the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel, the precedential effect
              of this decision is limited to the case and parties pursuant to 6th
              Cir. BAP LBR 8013-1(b). See also 6th Cir. BAP LBR 8010-1(c).

                                    File Name: 07b0013n.06

           BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL OF THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

In re: SAINT TORRANCE a/k/a TORRANCE               )
SMITH,                                             )
                                                   )
            Debtor.                                )
______________________________________             )
                                                   )
SAINT TORRANCE a/k/a TORRANCE SMITH,               )
                                                   )            No. 06-8090
             Plaintiff-Appellant,                  )
                                                   )
             v.                                    )
                                                   )
CINCINNATI GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY,                 )
                                                   )
            Defendant-Appellee.                    )
______________________________________             )

                      Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
             for the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division, at Cincinnati.
            Bankruptcy Case No. 02-16796, Adversary Proceeding No. 06-01025.

                                    Submitted: August 1, 2007

                          Decided and Filed: September 26, 2007

        Before: LATTA, SCOTT, and WHIPPLE, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel Judges.

                                     ____________________

                                           COUNSEL

ON BRIEF: Andrew L. Turscak, Jr., THOMPSON HINE, Cleveland, Ohio, for Appellee. Torrance
Smith, Cincinnati, Ohio, pro se.
                                          ____________________

                                                OPINION
                                          ____________________

        JOSEPH M. SCOTT, JR., Bankruptcy Appellate Panel Judge. Appellant Saint Torrance
a/k/a Torrance Smith (the “Appellant”), proceeding pro se, appeals the bankruptcy court’s order
dismissing his complaint for damages and injunctive relief against Cincinnati Gas & Electric
Company (the “Appellee”). For the reasons that follow, the bankruptcy court’s order is AFFIRMED.

                                        I. ISSUES ON APPEAL

        The issues before this panel are: (1) whether the bankruptcy court properly concluded that
the debt complained of by the Appellant was a post-petition debt, and (2) if so, whether the
bankruptcy court correctly ruled that a creditor’s effort to collect a post-petition debt is not subject
to, and therefore does not violate, §§ 366 and 524 of the Bankruptcy Code.1 Additional issues have
been raised by the Appellant that are not properly before this panel, but they nonetheless will be
addressed in the “Discussion” section below.

                       II. JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

        The Bankruptcy Appellate Panel of the Sixth Circuit (“BAP”) has jurisdiction to hear and
decide this appeal. 28 U.S.C. § 158(b)(1). The United States District Court for the Southern District
of Ohio has authorized appeals to the BAP, and neither party has timely elected to have this appeal
heard by the district court. 28 U.S.C. §§ 158(b)(6), (c)(1). A final order of a bankruptcy court may
be appealed by right under 28 U.S.C. § 158(a)(1). The dismissal of the Appellant’s complaint is a
final order as it “ends the litigation on the merits and leaves nothing for the court to do but execute
the judgment.” Midland Asphalt Corp. v. United States, 489 U.S. 794, 798, 109 S. Ct. 1494, 1497
(1989) (citations omitted).

        This panel reviews the bankruptcy court’s findings of fact for clear error and its conclusions
of law de novo. Adell v. John Richards Homes Bldg. Co. (In re John Richards Homes Bldg. Co.),
439 F.3d 248, 254 (6th Cir. 2006). “A finding of fact is clearly erroneous ‘when although there is

        1
            The Bankruptcy Code is contained in 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1330.

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evidence to support it, the reviewing court, on the entire evidence, is left with the definite and firm
conviction that a mistake has been committed.’” United States v. Mathews (In re Mathews), 209 B.R.
218, 219 (B.A.P. 6th Cir. 1997) (quoting Anderson v. Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 573, 105 S. Ct.
1504, 1511 (1985)). Under a de novo standard of review, the reviewing court decides an issue
independently of, and without deference to, the trial court’s determination. Treinish v. Norwest Bank
Minn., N.A. (In re Periandri), 266 B.R. 651, 653 (B.A.P. 6th Cir. 2001).

                                            III.   FACTS

       On September 11, 2002, the Appellant filed a voluntary petition for relief under chapter 7 of
the Bankruptcy Code. According to his Schedules filed with the petition, the Appellant owed an
unsecured debt of $4,000 to the Appellee and was the record title owner of real property located at
2521 Rack Court in Cincinnati, Ohio (the “Rack Court Property”), the primary location of the
disputed utility charges.

       On September 13, 2002, two days after the bankruptcy petition was filed and pursuant to a
foreclosure sale conducted prior to the filing, US Bank filed a petition for possession of the Rack
Court Property with the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas (the “State Court”). On October
23, 2002, US Bank filed a motion for relief from the stay with the bankruptcy court, which was
granted on November 25, 2002. During this same time period, on November 7, 2002, the chapter
7 trustee filed notice of abandonment of the property.

       On January 8, 2003, the Appellant obtained a discharge.             The order discharged all
dischargeable pre-petition debts owed by the Appellant, including but not limited to the scheduled
debt owed to the Appellee.

       Despite the trustee’s abandonment of the property, the bankruptcy court’s lifting of the
automatic stay, and the bankruptcy court’s grant of a discharge to the Appellant, US Bank did not
record the transfer in ownership of the Rack Court Property until May 5, 2004–almost a year after
receipt of an order from the State Court confirming the sale and ordering distribution of the sale
proceeds. During this time, the Appellant resided at the Rack Court property and, according to his
own testimony, collected rent from the other tenants.

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        On February 1, 2006, the Appellant initiated his complaint against the Appellee for injunctive
relief and damages under various sections of the Bankruptcy Code. In the complaint, as amended,
the Appellant alleged that a debt owed to the Appellee in the amount of $5,646.46 relating to the
Rack Court Property was discharged in his bankruptcy case, but that the Appellee continued to
attempt collection of the debt.

        On July 21, 2006, the bankruptcy court entered an order granting in part the Appellee’s
motion to dismiss the Appellant’s complaint. Remaining were two causes of action: one under
Bankruptcy Code § 366 and another under Bankruptcy Code § 524. On September 19, 2006, the
bankruptcy court granted the Appellant’s motion for a continuance and rescheduled the trial.

        The trial was conducted on October 2, 2006, and on October 3, 2006, the bankruptcy court
entered an order dismissing the case in its entirety. On October 10, 2006, the Appellant filed a
motion for an extension of time to file a notice of appeal. Although the bankruptcy court found that
an extension of time would not accomplish the purpose for which the motion was filed and, for that
reason, denied the Appellant’s motion, the court granted the Appellant ten days from the date of its
order to file a notice of appeal. The Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal on October 19, 2006.

                                        IV.    DISCUSSION

        The bankruptcy court’s holding that the $5,646.46 debt owed by the Appellant to the
Appellee accrued after the filing of the Appellant’s bankruptcy petition is a finding of fact that is to
be reviewed for clear error. See United States v. Mathews (In re Mathews), 209 B.R. 218, 219
(B.A.P. 6th Cir. 1997). The documentary and testimonial evidence provided in the record on appeal
clearly establish the validity of the bankruptcy court’s finding. Copies of the utility bills provided
by both parties indicate that at the time of the Appellant’s bankruptcy, he owed a total of over $4,000
to the Appellee on three separate residential accounts. Mr. Dennis Hurtt, the Supervisor of Midwest
Receivables for the Appellee, testified that upon notification of the Appellant’s bankruptcy all three
accounts were written off as uncollectible by the Appellee and were closed according to the
company’s standard protocol. On September 24, 2002, new post-petition accounts were created by
the Appellee for the two meters at the Rack Court Property:

                                                  -4-
Acct. No. 5660-0077-40-1                 2521 Rack Ct. Apt. 2 (the “Apartment Meter Account”)

Acct. No. 3660-0077-22-2                 2521 Rack Ct. (the “Main Meter Account”)

The starting balance in both new accounts reflected only the requirement of a security deposit ($65
and $280 respectively) and did not include any of the Appellant’s pre-petition balance. The
Appellant does not dispute that the present balance of the Apartment Meter Account was incurred
post-petition and, instead, challenges only the propriety of the charges in the Main Meter Account.
The sum currently owed by the Appellant to the Appellee on the contested Main Meter Account
consists entirely of fully documented utility charges and late fees accrued by the Appellant at the
Rack Court Property since the filing of the Appellant’s bankruptcy petition. All pre-petition debts
were treated as discharged by the Appellee as required. The bankruptcy court’s holding that the debt
complained of by the Appellant is a post-petition debt is not clearly erroneous. Instead, the holding
is entirely correct, and is affirmed.

        The Appellant further argues that even if the utility debt is deemed to be post-petition
indebtedness, any attempt by the Appellee to collect the debt is a violation of § 524 of the
Bankruptcy Code.        In pertinent part, § 524(a)(2) provides for an “injunction against the
commencement or continuation of an action, the employment of process, or an act, to collect, recover
or offset any such debt as a personal liability of the debtor.” 11 U.S.C. § 524(a)(2). However,
according to the clear statutory language of § 727(b), only “debts that arose before the date of the
order for relief” are dischargeable, and thus only actions to collect those pre-petition debts are
enjoined by § 524(a)(2). Neier v. Neier (In re Neier), 45 B.R. 740, 743 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 1985).
An attempt to collect a post-petition debt is not subject to the strictures of § 524, and thus cannot be
a violation of it. See OakFabco, Inc. v. Am. Standard, Inc. (In re Kewanee Boiler Corp.), 297 B.R.
720, 732 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 2003); Millsaps v. United States (In re Millsaps), 133 B.R. 547, 552
(Bankr. M.D. Fla. 1991); In re Harvey, 88 B.R. 860, 862 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 1988). The bankruptcy
court’s holding in this regard is affirmed.

        Similarly, the Appellant argues that even if the utility debt is deemed to be post-petition
indebtedness, the termination of his utility service for failure to pay the debt is a violation of the anti-
discrimination provisions of § 366 of the Bankruptcy Code. In pertinent part, § 366(a) provides that
a “utility may not alter, refuse, or discontinue service to, or discriminate against, the trustee or the

                                                    -5-
debtor solely on the basis . . . that a debt owed by the debtor to such utility for service rendered
before the order for relief was not paid when due.” 11 U.S.C. § 366(a). Once again, the relevant
statutory language is clear that this section is applicable only to debts incurred “before the order for
relief,” and therefore does not apply to post-petition debts. Section 366 of the Bankruptcy Code does
not prevent a utility from exercising any rights that it may have with regard to a post-petition default
by a debtor, including but not limited to termination of service. Hennen v. Dayton Power & Light
Co., 17 B.R. 720, 723-24 (S.D. Ohio 2005); see Begley v. Philadelphia Elec. Co., 760 F.2d 46, 49
(3rd Cir. 1985); Demp v. Philadelphia Elec. Co. (In re Demp), 22 B.R. 331, 332 (Bankr. E.D. Pa.
1982); In re Scearce, 2005 WL 4030139 at * 1 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio August 15, 2005). To find
otherwise is to provide a discharged debtor with complementary utility service for the remainder of
his natural life. The bankruptcy court’s holding in this regard is affirmed.

       As for the suggestion of other issues, the Appellant seems to argue that the bankruptcy court
erred in refusing to allow him to amend his complaint in order to assert a claim for a violation of
§ 362 of the Bankruptcy Code. But, there is no evidence in the record that the Appellant ever
attempted to amend his complaint to include a § 362 claim, and even if such a claim were asserted,
the protection of the automatic stay does not apply to the post-discharge collection attempts
complained of in this case. Instead, such actions are governed by the permanent injunction of § 524,
an issue properly pled and ruled upon by the bankruptcy court. The failure to include a claim under
§ 362 is not an issue before this panel.

       The Appellant also appears to complain that the bankruptcy court erred by not allowing
additional time for discovery in this matter. However, the Appellant failed to object to the time
allowed for discovery by motion before trial, and he did not preserve that objection at trial. In any
event, the record indicates that the bankruptcy court extended the time for discovery at the request
of the Appellant, and postponed the trial date at his request. Furthermore, there is no evidence that
the discovery period set by the bankruptcy court was unreasonable or that the Appellant was in any
way prejudiced by the discovery process. The failure to provide additional time for discovery is not
an issue properly before this panel because it was not preserved for appeal by the Appellant.

       Lastly, the Appellant argues that the bankruptcy court erred in failing to adequately consider
evidence that he was not the record title owner of the Rack Court Property during the period of non-

                                                  -6-
payment. Even so, the ownership of the property is not an issue properly before this panel because
it does not bear upon the resolution of the claims brought by the Appellant. Once it was established
that the debt complained of by the Appellant was post-petition indebtedness, the ownership of the
property was a moot point. That is, any subsequent collection efforts or billing practices, regardless
of their impropriety, were not within the province of the bankruptcy case. The bankruptcy court’s
holding did not foreclose the Appellant from bringing a state court action to resolve the ownership
issue. In fact, the Appellant is currently litigating this claim in that forum. The proper ownership
of the Rack Court Property is not an issue before this panel on appeal.

                                       V. CONCLUSION

       The bankruptcy court did not err in finding that the debt owed by the Appellant to the
Appellee was a post-petition debt, and thus resulted in no violation of §§ 366 or 524 of the
Bankruptcy Code. The order appealed from is AFFIRMED.

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