Court Opinion

ID: 4546841
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-07-08 20:00:22.414118+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:52:03.169068
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                                               FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                                            JUL 8 2020
                                                                                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                                           U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

STRICT SCRUTINY MEDIA CO.,                      No.    19-15372

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                3:16-cv-00734-MMD-WGC

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM *       P0F       P

CITY OF RENO,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Nevada
                  Miranda M. Du, Chief District Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted June 11, 2020
                            San Francisco, California

Before: MILLER and HUNSAKER, Circuit Judges, and RAYES,* * District Judge.
                                                                         P       1F   P

      Plaintiff-Appellant Strict Scrutiny Media Co. (SSM) appeals the dismissal of

several of its claims and the grant of summary judgment for Defendant-Appellee

City of Reno (Reno) on the rest of its claims. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The Honorable Douglas L. Rayes, United States District Judge for the
District of Arizona, sitting by designation.
§ 1291, and we affirm.

      1.     The district court dismissed SSM’s claims challenging Reno’s

ordinances governing on-premises 1 signs for lack of standing. We review standing
                                   P2F   P

decisions de novo. Real v. City of Long Beach, 852 F.3d 929, 933 (9th Cir. 2017).

Standing requires (1) an injury in fact; (2) a sufficient causal connection between

the injury and the defendant’s conduct; and (3) a likelihood that the injury will be

redressed by a favorable decision of the court. Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus,

573 U.S. 149, 157–58 (2014). In Get Outdoors II, LLC v. City of San Diego, we

held that an outdoor advertising company had standing to challenge only those

ordinances that applied to it. 506 F.3d 886, 892 (9th Cir. 2007).

      Here, SSM—an outdoor advertising company specializing in securing leases

and constructing billboards on the leased property for the purpose of renting them

to third parties—failed to demonstrate the on-premises ordinances apply to its

business. SSM’s operative pleading alleges it suffered harm from Reno’s ban on

new off-premises advertising displays. Specifically, SSM alleges it has lost

revenue from third parties seeking to rent advertising space. SSM has not alleged

1
 Reno’s Land Development Code (RLDC) defines on-premises signs, in pertinent
part, as those “created for the purpose of advertising . . . the commercial interests
of any person . . . which is principally sold, available or otherwise provided on the
premises on which the [sign] is located.” RLDC § 18.24.203.4570(29). Off-
premises signs, on the other hand, are those that advertise commercial interests not
available on the same premises as the sign. See id. § 18.24.203.4570(24).

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that this harm arises from the on-premises ordinances, nor has it alleged that it

suffers any other harm because of those ordinances. Thus, SSM lacks standing to

challenge the on-premises ordinances, see id., and the district court did not err in

dismissing SSM’s claims related to those ordinances.2  P3F   P

      2.     SSM also challenges the district court’s dismissal of various

allegations and claims as beyond the scope of amendment the district court

permitted in its first dismissal order. We review this issue for abuse of discretion.

AE ex rel. Hernandez v. County of Tulare, 666 F.3d 631, 636 (9th Cir. 2012). The

district court’s order dismissing the First Amended Complaint (FAC) with leave to

amend could have been clearer regarding which claims SSM could amend and

which it could not. But SSM’s briefing on this issue could hardly be more

enigmatic. Like the district court, we spent “extensive time” attempting to

“untangl[e]” SSM’s allegations and arguments made both here and below to little

avail. Indeed, we do not fault the district court for trying to impose some order on

2
  Reno now argues SSM’s claims are moot because the existing signs SSM had—
which were on-premises signs—were ordered removed by a Nevada state court in
litigation between SSM and the property owner where the signs were located and
SSM’s time to appeal that decision has passed. We need not reach this issue as it
relates to the on-premises sign claims due to our decision on standing. And we
conclude that these recent events, even if true, do not render moot SSM’s claims
related to the off-premises sign ordinances because SSM’s allegations indicate it
faces a threat of future harm and has a continuing “personal stake” in the outcome
of this litigation. See Cole v. Oroville Union High Sch. Dist., 228 F.3d 1092, 1099
(9th Cir. 2008).

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SSM’s constantly shifting arguments. See Valadez-Lopez v. Chertoff, 656 F.3d

851, 859 (9th Cir. 2011) (concluding a district court need not “piece together a

theory of liability from a string of unrelated and incoherent assertions”); Ferdik v.

Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1260 (9th Cir. 1992), as amended (May 22, 1992) (noting

“[d]istrict courts have the inherent power to control their dockets”). “We will not

manufacture arguments for [SSM],” and we hold that SSM waived its scope-of-

amendment challenges by failing “to present a specific, cogent argument for our

consideration.”3 Greenwood v. FAA, 28 F.3d 971, 977 (9th Cir. 1994) (citation
               P4F   P

omitted).

      3.     Finally, SSM challenges the denial of its partial motion for summary

judgment and grant of Reno’s motion for summary judgment. Our above analysis

resolves most of SSM’s arguments regarding its partial motion for summary

judgment. Additionally, we agree with the district court that the off-premises

ordinances are not content-based restrictions favoring certain types of speech over

others and that SSM’s arguments to the contrary are based on a misunderstanding

of the on-premises/off-premises distinction, which applies only to commercial

speech. Reno’s ban on off-premises billboards applies only to billboards “created

3
  Because we cannot determine on the record presented that the district court erred
in limiting the scope of claims SSM could amend when it dismissed the FAC, we
do not address whether the district court erred in dismissing without prejudice new
claims asserted in SSM’s Second Amended Complaint as beyond the scope of
allowed amendment.

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for the purpose of advertising or promoting the commercial interest of any person .

. . which is not principally sold, available or otherwise provided on the premises.”

RLDC § 18.24.203.4570(24). This is a commercial speech restriction. See Coyote

Pub’g, Inc. v. Miller, 598 F.3d 592, 598 (9th Cir. 2010) (explaining commercial

speech does “no more than propose a commercial transaction”). As such, the

district court did not err in evaluating SSM’s challenge to the off-premises

ordinances under Central Hudson’s4 test for commercial speech, rather than
                                    P5F   P

Reed’s 5 strict scrutiny standard. And, on appeal, SSM does not challenge the
      P6F   P

merits of the district court’s Central Hudson analysis. Accordingly, we conclude

the district court did not err in granting Reno’s motion for summary judgment.

      Appellee’s motions for judicial notice [Dkt. 41 & 44] are denied.

      AFFIRMED.

4
  Cent. Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Pub. Serv. Comm’n of N.Y., 447 U.S. 557
(1980).
5
  Reed v. Town of Gilbert, 135 S. Ct. 2218 (2015).

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