Court Opinion

ID: 4296902
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-07-24 12:49:42.829942+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:25:47.675117
License: Public Domain

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

                                     NO. 03-17-00162-CR

                             Mario Andreas Company, Appellant

                                                v.

                                 The State of Texas, Appellee

    FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 390TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
       NO. D-1-DC-16-904095, HONORABLE BOB PERKINS, JUDGE PRESIDING

                           MEMORANDUM OPINION

               Mario Andreas Company appeals his convictions for aggravated robbery. See Tex.

Penal Code § 29.03. Company entered a plea of guilty to both counts, the jury assessed punishment

at twenty-three years’ imprisonment on each count, and the district court rendered its judgment of

conviction on both counts with the sentences running concurrently.

               On appeal, Company contends that the district court erred by sustaining the State’s

objection to exclude testimony about the length of sentence that Company’s accomplice received.

The State contends that Company failed to preserve this appellate issue for review. We agree and

will affirm the judgments of conviction.
                                         BACKGROUND1

                Company was charged by indictment with two counts of aggravated robbery

committed against a husband and wife involving a violent home invasion. As a result of this

incident, the husband stated that he suffered a severe head injury requiring 200 stitches and causing

permanent scarring, severe jaw injuries, broken dentures, and an “orbital blowout” of his right eye

leaving him with permanent eye damage, including a pupil that will not dilate. During his hospital

stay, the husband was treated by Dr. Timothy McGee, a plastic surgeon. Dr. McGee testified that

the husband had broken facial bones and multiple facial cuts, at least eight major wounds to his head,

and trauma to his right eye. Dr. McGee also testified that the husband was in critical condition upon

arrival at the hospital and would have died without treatment because of his blood loss and his

concussive syndrome. Dr. McGee further testified that as a result of the attack, the husband suffered

permanent nerve damage in his eye. After trial, the jury found Company guilty of both counts as

charged in the indictment and assessed his punishment, and the district court rendered judgment in

accordance with the jury’s verdict. This appeal followed.

                                           DISCUSSION

                Company contends that the district court erred by sustaining the State’s objection

excluding him from introducing evidence of the sentence that his accomplice received for his role

in these aggravated robberies. Company complains specifically that such information was relevant

       1
           The facts are summarized from the testimony and exhibits admitted into evidence at trial.

                                                  2
under Texas Rule of Evidence 401 and would have provided a useful comparison for the jury in

deciding the length of his sentence for his role in the offenses. See Tex. R. Evid. 401.

               Before addressing the merits of Company’s appellate issue, we must determine

whether he preserved it for review. “[I]t is the duty of the appellate courts to ensure that a claim is

preserved in the trial court before addressing its merits.” Obella v. State, 532 S.W.3d 405, 407 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2017) (quoting Wilson v. State, 311 S.W.3d 452, 473 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010)); Ford v.

State, 305 S.W.3d 530, 532 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009) (stating that appellate courts should not address

merits of issue that has not been preserved for appeal). To preserve error for appellate review, a

party must make a timely and specific objection at the earliest possible opportunity and obtain an

adverse ruling from the trial court, and the complaint on appeal must correspond to the objection

made at trial. Yazdchi v. State, 428 S.W.3d 831, 844 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014); see Tex. R. App. P.

33.1(a).

               Here, Company received no adverse ruling on his objection. During a bench

conference, the following exchange occurred and the court was never asked to reconsider its ruling:

       [Prosecutor]:           Your Honor, it’s clear from the case law that it is
                               inappropriate and not admissible mitigating evidence to talk
                               about or include in punishment what a co-defendant2 received
                               because what this jury is being asked to do is decide the
                               punishment for this defendant for the actions that he
                               committed and for the lifestyle that he has led, not for
                               anything comparative to a co-defendant and the circumstances
                               in the co-defendant’s case, and part of the reason they do that

       2
          The State notes that during trial Company’s accomplice was referred to as his “co-
defendant,” but the record does not show that they were charged in the same charging instrument or
prosecuted in the same legal proceeding.

                                                  3
                      is because of this very case here where you have a situation
                      where the co-defendant may have gotten a very good deal
                      because there was no evidence connecting him to the case,
                      and that would just open up a whole new case of why did the
                      co-defendant get what he got and going through all of that,
                      and that’s not what we’re here to decide. What we’re here to
                      decide is what does this defendant deserve.

                      I think both Evans v. State states very specifically that each
                      defendant should be judged by his own conduct and
                      participation by his own circumstances, and it’s not relevant
                      the punishment of a co-defendant and should not be
                      mitigating. And then additionally in Joubert v. State, it looks
                      like Florida had at some point allowed this information in.
                      The Court of Criminal Appeals reevaluated what they thought
                      was relevant and mitigating in punishment, and they restated
                      very specifically that they have rejected that argument and
                      they don’t believe that that relates to either the defendant’s
                      character or his record or the circumstances of the offense,
                      and it should have no bearing on the defendant’s own moral
                      culpability.

THE COURT:            All right. Any argument from the Defense?

[Defense counsel 1]: Your Honor, we would argue that I need an opportunity to
                     look at my own case law.

                      ....

[Defense counsel 1]: What I would ask, Your Honor, is that we can move forward
                     sustaining that objection. We’ll look up the evidence or the
                     cases over the break. If I find something, maybe we can
                     rehear it, but we’re ready to move forward.

THE COURT:            I’m happy for you to continue to look for stuff. That’s fine.
                      All right. At this time then I do find that the motion in limine
                      of course was well put, and I do sustain the State’s objection
                      to that particular statement. I do feel that his testimony about
                      his opinion as to what he thinks is appropriate, I think he can
                      give that, but I do sustain their objection to it being compared
                      to any other person’s sentence.

                                         4
       [Defense counsel 2]: I’m sorry, Judge, just so that I can be clear and so Mr.
                            Company can understand.

       THE COURT:            Right. So, Mr. Company, you understand that I’m going to let
                             you testify, they had asked you a question as to what you
                             thought was a fair sentence, you’ve said ten years. You were
                             starting to explain the reasons why when the objection was
                             made. I think you can go into those reasons, but what you
                             cannot say is anything comparing your sentence with
                             [accomplice]’s sentence or anything about what [accomplice]
                             got or anything like that. You cannot go into that. Do you
                             understand that?

       THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

       THE COURT:            Okay.

              There was no adverse ruling to Company. Thus, he failed to preserve error as to the

exclusion of the length-of-sentence evidence. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a); Yazdchi, 428 S.W.3d at

844. We overrule Company’s appellate issue.

                                        CONCLUSION

              We affirm the district court’s judgments of conviction.

                                            Jeff Rose, Chief Justice

Before Chief Justice Rose, Justices Goodwin and Field

Affirmed

Filed: July 20, 2018

Do Not Publish

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