Court Opinion

ID: 4244670
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-13 19:22:57.134046+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:43:25.304292
License: Public Domain

J-S02024-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF                            :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    PENNSYLVANIA                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JOHN F. PRESTON                            :
                                               :   No. 1167 EDA 2017
                       Appellant

                Appeal from the PCRA Order February 28, 2017
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Chester County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-15-CR-0002375-2014,
                           CP-15-CR-0002380--2014

BEFORE: BOWES, J., NICHOLS, J., and RANSOM, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.:                           FILED FEBRUARY 13, 2018

        Appellant John F. Preston appeals pro se from the order dismissing his

first Post Conviction Relief Act1 (PCRA) petition as untimely. Appellant asserts

that his petition was timely filed and that he was coerced into providing a

blood sample for testing after being stopped for driving under the influence

(DUI)2 in contravention of Birchfield v. North Dakota, 136 S. Ct. 2160

(2016). We affirm.

____________________________________________
*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1   42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.

2   75 Pa.C.S. § 3802.
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        On October 29, 2014, Appellant entered an open guilty plea to two

counts of DUI-highest rate of alcohol3 based on two separate incidents in

which his blood alcohol content (BAC) exceeded .2 percent. In one incident,

Appellant submitted to a breath test, and in the other incident, he consented

to have a blood sample drawn to test his BAC. Appellant was sentenced on

February 13, 2015, to an aggregate sentence of two to six years’

incarceration.    Appellant did not file a direct appeal from his judgment of

sentence.

        On June 23, 2016, the United States Supreme Court decided Birchfield

and held that the Fourth Amendment does not permit warrantless blood tests

incident to arrests for DUI.         Appellant filed a first pro se PCRA petition

postmarked August 24, 2016, in which he argued that Birchfield announced

a newly recognized constitutional right that would afford him relief. The PCRA

court appointed counsel from the Public Defender of Chester County to

represent Appellant.

        On October 27, 2016, PCRA counsel filed a Turner/Finley4 petition for

leave to withdraw as counsel based upon the untimeliness of Appellant’s PCRA

petition and Appellant’s failure to file his petition within sixty days of the date

Birchfield was decided. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2). Appellant submitted

an affidavit that Birchfield was not placed on the prison’s computers until
____________________________________________
3   75 Pa.C.S. § 3802(c).

4 See Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988);
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).

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July 25, 2016, and that he could not have discovered the case until the prison

library was updated. On December 2, 2016, the PCRA court issued a notice

pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 advising Appellant of its intent to dismiss his

petition without a hearing. Appellant wrote a pro se response postmarked

December 19, 2016, in which he cited the prisoner mailbox rule5 and claimed

that he placed his PCRA petition with prison authorities for mailing on Friday,

August 19, 2016, within sixty days of the date Birchfield was decided.

       In response, the PCRA court directed PCRA counsel to investigate the

procedures used for collecting inmate mail at SCI Pittsburgh. Counsel spoke

with Rick Sams, the prison’s mailroom supervisor. According to Mr. Sams,

mail is postmarked the same day it is placed in the prison mailbox unless it is

placed in the mailbox after the mail run for that day, which occurs at 11:00

a.m. If mail is placed in the mailbox after 11:00 a.m., it is postmarked the

next day.     Mail runs are conducted every weekday.     See PCRA Counsel’s

Correspondence, 2/23/17, at 2. Thus, counsel opined that if Appellant had

placed his PCRA petition “in the block mail on Friday, August 19, 2016, after

the mail had been collected by the mailroom that day, it still would have been

collected Monday, August 22, 2016 and been postmarked Monday August 22,

2016.” Id. at 4.

____________________________________________
5  See Commonwealth v. Wilson, 911 A.2d 942, 944 n.2 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(stating that “[p]ursuant to the ‘prisoner mailbox rule,’ a document is deemed
filed when placed in the hands of prison authorities for mailing).

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       Meanwhile, Appellant filed a pro se “Motion Filed for Ineffective

Coun[sel],” which was dated February 16, 2017, and sought the appointment

of new PCRA counsel.           The PCRA court initially scheduled a hearing to

determine whether irreconcilable differences existed between Appellant and

PCRA counsel that would warrant the appointment of new counsel.

       Thereafter, on February 28, 2017, the PCRA court determined that

Appellant had not mailed his petition until after August 22, 2016, based upon

the mail procedures used at the prison and the postmark of August 24, 2016,

on the envelope used to mail Appellant’s petition. The PCRA court granted

PCRA counsel’s petition for leave to withdraw, dismissed Appellant’s PCRA

petition,   and     denied     Appellant’s     motion   alleging   PCRA   counsel’s

ineffectiveness without a hearing. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal.6

On April 24, 2017, Appellant filed a timely court-ordered statement of errors

complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).

____________________________________________
6 Because the order dismissing Appellant’s PCRA was filed on February 28,
2017, Appellant had until March 30, 2017, to timely file his notice of appeal.
See Pa.R.A.P. 903(a). Appellant dated his notice of appeal March 28, 2017,
and it was postmarked March 29, 2017. Pursuant to the prisoner mailbox
rule, the notice of appeal was timely filed, even though it was not filed in the
Clerk of Courts until April 3, 2017. Additionally, the notice of appeal was
mailed directly to the judge’s chambers rather than the Clerk of Courts.
However, this does not affect whether the filing is timely. See Pa.R.A.P.
905(a)(4) (providing that where a notice of appeal is mistakenly filed in an
incorrect office within the unified judicial system, the notice of appeal shall be
date-stamped and transmitted to the clerk of court for filing and shall be
deemed filed in the trial court on the date originally filed). Accordingly,
quashal of the appeal on grounds that the notice of appeal was not timely filed
is inappropriate.

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      Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

      1. Should the new substantive rule of constitutional law that
         Birchfield set precedent be applied retroactively to allow
         Appellant’s PCRA?

      2. Was Appellant’s PCRA denied by Common Pleas Court when it
         did not consider whether his PCRA was 2 days (of the 60 day
         limit determined by 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2)) late in filing
         because of government interference (Appellant has sworn
         affidavit signed and notarized by SCI Pittsburgh Law Librarian
         stating so)?

      3. Was Appellant’s Court Appointed Counsel’s Withdraw Notice
         (due to lack of merit) wrongfully granted by the PCRA
         (Common Pleas) Court?

      4. Did the PCRA Court err when Appellant wasn’t allowed to file
         an amended PCRA after his Court Appointed Counsel filed her
         Withdraw Notice (Finley Letter)?

      5. Did the PCRA Court err when it denied Appellant’s Petition for
         ineffective counsel?

Appellant’s Brief at 7.

      Our standard of review of the denial of a PCRA petition is well-settled.

We review the PCRA court’s findings of fact to determine whether they are

supported by the record and review its conclusions of law to determine

whether they are free from legal error. Commonwealth v. Spotz, 84 A.3d
294, 311 (Pa. 2014).

      Before we address the merits of Appellant’s claims on appeal, we must

determine whether his PCRA petition was timely filed. Generally, a petition

for PCRA relief, including a second or subsequent petition, must be filed within

one year of the date the judgment of sentence becomes final. See 42 Pa.C.S.

§ 9545(b)(1). Exceptions to the timeliness requirement exist, however, as

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set forth at 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b). The timeliness requirements of the PCRA

are jurisdictional in nature, and, accordingly, a PCRA court cannot hear

untimely petitions.   Commonwealth v. Robinson, 837 A.2d 1157 (Pa.

2003).

      The three statutory exceptions for a facially untimely petition under the

PCRA consist of the following:

      (i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
      interference by government officials with the presentation of the
      claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
      or the Constitution or laws of the United States;

      (ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to
      the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise
      of due diligence; or

      (iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized
      by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court
      of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and
      has been held by that court to apply retroactively.

42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). Additionally, a petition invoking a timeliness

exception must “be filed within 60 days of the date the claim could have been

presented.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).

      Here, Appellant was sentenced on February 13, 2015. Because he did

not file a direct appeal, his sentence became final for purposes of the PCRA

on Monday, March 16, 2015. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3) (stating “judgment

becomes final at the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review

in the Supreme Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of

Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking the review”); Pa.R.A.P.

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903(a) (stating that “the notice of appeal . . . shall be filed within 30 days”);

see also 1 Pa.C.S. § 1908. Accordingly, Appellant would have had until March

16, 2016 to file a timely PCRA petition. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1) (stating

that a PCRA petition, “including a second or subsequent petition, shall be filed

within one year of the date the judgment becomes final”). Appellant’s PCRA

petition was not postmarked until August 24, 2016, making it facially

untimely. Thus, we must determine whether Appellant pleaded and proved

an exception to the PCRA time-bar.

      Appellant first asserts that his PCRA petition falls under the timeliness

exception in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(iii) providing for untimely petitions when

a new constitutional right is recognized, specifically the right recognized in

Birchfield. To avail himself of this timeliness exception, Appellant had to file

his petition within sixty days of the Birchfield decision, or by Monday, August

22, 2016. Even though Appellant’s PCRA petition was not postmarked until

August 24, 2016, two days after the sixty-day period following the filing of the

Birchfield decision ended, Appellant argues that he actually deposited his

petition with prison authorities on August 19, 2016, which would have been

within the sixty-day timeframe.

      However, the PCRA court determined that there was a lack of reasonably

verifiable evidence that Appellant placed his petition in the prisoner’s mailbox

on August 19, 2016.      Additionally, the court concluded that the prison’s

mailing procedures refuted Appellant’s bare allegation regarding the date on

which he deposited his pro se PCRA petition with prison officials.          Had

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Appellant deposited his petition for mailing on Friday, August 19, 2016, it

would have been postmarked on August 22, 2016, the following Monday, at

the latest. Since Appellant’s PCRA petition was postmarked August 24, 2016,

it was reasonable for the PCRA court to infer that Appellant did not deposit his

petition by Monday, August 22, 2016.              Because the PCRA court’s

determination that Appellant failed to produce reasonably verifiable evidence

that he filed his petition within sixty days of Birchfield is supported by the

record, we have no basis to disturb that finding. See Spotz, 84 A.3d at 311.

      Even if Appellant’s PCRA petition had been filed within sixty days of the

Birchfield decision, Appellant would         not be    entitled to   relief.   In

Commonwealth v. Wilcox, 174 A.3d 670 (Pa. Super. 2017), this Court

noted that “[n]either the United States Supreme Court nor our Supreme Court

has held that Birchfield is to be applied retroactively to cases like the one

herein where the judgment of sentence had become final prior to its

disposition.”   Id. at 672.    Accordingly, Appellant’s claim that Birchfield

announces a new constitutional right triggering the timeliness exception under

42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(iii) is without merit.

      Appellant also asserts that his PCRA petition fell within the timeliness

exception under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i) based on governmental

interference, specifically, the lack of timely updates in the prison’s law library

and the lack of access due to a lockdown during the sixty days after Birchfield

was decided. However, Pennsylvania courts have consistently rejected similar

claims. See Commonwealth v. Albrecht, 994 A.2d 1091, 1095 (Pa. 2010);

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Commonwealth v. Leggett, 16 A.3d 1144, 1146-47 (Pa. Super. 2011)

(citing Commonwealth v. Baldwin, 789 A.2d 728, 731 (Pa. Super. 2001),

for the proposition that “[n]either the court system nor the correctional

system is obliged to educate or update prisoners concerning changes in case

law”).     Thus, Appellant’s assertion of governmental interference under 42

Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i) fails.

         Lastly, Appellant raises several claims based on PCRA counsel’s

ineffectiveness. However, our review reveals no genuine issues of material

facts considering the untimeliness of Appellant’s PCRA petition. Therefore,

Appellant’s intended claims of ineffective assistance of PCRA counsel warrant

no relief.

         In sum, we discern no error on the part of the PCRA court in dismissing

Appellant’s PCRA petition without a hearing based upon untimeliness. For the

same reasons, the court did not err in denying Appellant’s request to file an

amended PCRA or to have a hearing regarding the ineffectiveness of his court-

appointed PCRA counsel.

Order affirmed.Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/13/18

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