Court Opinion

ID: 1668
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-14 00:45:09+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:42:00.688003
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                            United States Court of Appeals
                                                                    Tenth Circuit

                                                                   April 13, 2010
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                 Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                    Clerk of Court
                                 TENTH CIRCUIT

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

               Plaintiff - Appellee,                     No. 09-6271
          v.                                           (W.D. Oklahoma)
 DAWN MARIE NELSON,                              (D.C. No. CV-06-00780-M)

               Defendant - Appellant.

                            ORDER DENYING
                     CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY *

Before HARTZ, ANDERSON, and TYMKOVICH, Circuit Judges.

      After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination

of this proceeding. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case

is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

      Defendant and appellant Dawn Marie Nelson, proceeding pro se, seeks a

certificate of appealability (“COA”) to enable her to appeal the district court’s

      *
       This order is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of
the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its
persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
denial of her 28 U.S.C. § 2255 application to vacate, set aside or correct her

sentence. We deny her a COA and dismiss this matter.

                                 BACKGROUND

      Ms. Nelson pled guilty, pursuant to a plea agreement, to one count of being

a felon in possession of a firearm, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1), and one

count of using a telephone in committing or facilitating the commission of the

distribution of methamphetamine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 843(b). In

preparation for sentencing under the United States Sentencing Commission,

Guidelines Manual (“USSG”), a presentence report (“PSR”) was prepared, to

which Ms. Nelson objected. On August 18, 2004, the district court conducted a

sentencing hearing and sentenced Ms. Nelson to consecutive prison terms of 120

months on the first count and forty-eight months on the second count. These were

the statutory maximum sentences as to each count. The court then imposed an

identical alternative sentence, to be effective if the Guidelines, which were being

challenged at the time, were later found to be unconstitutional.

      Ms. Nelson filed a direct appeal with this court, in which she attempted to

evade the consequences of her plea agreement. United States v. Nelson, 139 Fed.

Appx. 87 (10th Cir. 2005). Our court enforced her appellate rights plea waiver

and dismissed her appeal.

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      Ms. Nelson then filed the instant motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255,

seeking to vacate, set aside, or correct her sentence. Following her amendment of

her motion, the government filed its response and Ms. Nelson filed a reply The

district court denied her§ 2255 motion, granted her permission to proceed on

appeal in forma pauperis, but did not act on her COA application. Accordingly,

Ms. Nelson has filed an application for COA before our court.

                                   DISCUSSION

      The issuance of a COA is jurisdictional. We will issue a COA “only if the

applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.”

28 U.S. C. § 2253(c)(2). To make this showing, Ms. Nelson must demonstrate

“that reasonable jurists could debate whether (or, for that matter, agree that) the

petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues

presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v.

McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000). Where the district court has rejected a

claim on its merits, the “petitioner must demonstrate that reasonable jurists would

find the district court’s assessment of the constitutional claims debatable or

wrong.” Id. When the district court dismisses a petition on procedural grounds,

the applicant must not only make a substantial showing of the denial of a

constitutional right; she must also demonstrate that the district court’s “dismissal

on procedural grounds was debatable or incorrect.” Id. at 485. “Where a plain

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procedural bar is present and the district court is correct to invoke it to dispose of

the case, a reasonable jurist could not conclude either that the district court erred

in dismissing the petition or that the petitioner should not be allowed to proceed

further.” Id. at 484.

      In her § 2255 motion before the district court, Ms. Nelson argued that:

(1) the government breached the plea agreement; (2) her plea was not knowing

and voluntary; (3) her sentence was the result of unproven sentencing

enhancements in violation of the Sixth Amendment and the Supreme Court’s

decisions in United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005), Cunningham v.

California, 549 U.S. 270 (2007), and Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296

(2004), and (4) her counsel was ineffective.

      The district court first considered whether Ms. Nelson’s counsel had been

ineffective. Applying the standards of Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668

(1984), the court concluded that Ms. Nelson’s attorney was not ineffective in

connection with his representation of Ms. Nelson throughout the guilty plea,

sentencing process and appeal.

      The district court next considered whether the government had breached the

plea agreement and whether Ms. Nelson’s plea was knowing and voluntary. The

court observed that Ms. Nelson raised neither of these issues in her direct appeal,

and that “§ 2255 is not available to test the legality of matters which should have

been raised on appeal.” Order at 5, R. Vol. 1 at 173 (quoting United States v.

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Allen, 16 F.3d 377, 378 (10th Cir. 1994)). More specifically, the court correctly

noted that “[a] defendant who fails to present an issue on direct appeal is barred

from raising the issue in a § 2255 motion, unless he can show cause for his

procedural default and actual prejudice resulting from the alleged errors, or can

show that a fundamental miscarriage of justice will occur if his claim is not

addressed.” Id. (quoting Allen, 16 F.3d at 378). Applying the cause and

prejudice analysis, the district court concluded that “Nelson has neither shown

cause for her procedural default and actual prejudice resulting from the alleged

error nor shown that a fundamental miscarriage of justice will result if these

grounds for relief are not addressed.” Id. at 6.

       Ms. Nelson’s final claim was that her sentence violated the Sixth

Amendment and various Supreme Court decisions, including Booker. As the

district court observed, Ms. Nelson made this argument in her direct appeal, and

this court rejected it, stating:

       even if we were to refrain from enforcing Defendant’s appellate
       rights waiver, we would deny Defendant relief. The district court’s
       determination of drug quantity at sentencing constituted harmless
       error because the district court imposed identical alternative
       sentences under the sentencing guidelines and the relevant statutes.

Nelson, 139 Fed. Appx. at 90. “Absent an intervening change in the law of a

circuit, issues disposed of on direct appeal generally will not be considered on a

collateral attack by a motion pursuant to § 2255.” Order at 7, R. Vol. 1 at 175

(quoting United States v. Prichard, 875 F.2d 789, 791 (10th Cir. 1989)). The

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district court accordingly denied Ms. Nelson’s § 2255 motion and denied her

request for an evidentiary hearing.

      No reasonable jurist could question the propriety of the district court’s

thorough and careful analysis of Ms. Nelson’s arguments, both substantive and

procedural. We therefore deny her request for a COA, for essentially the reasons

stated in the district court’s order, and we dismiss this matter.

                                   CONCLUSION

      Because we determine that no jurists of reason would find it debatable

whether the district court was correct in denying Ms. Nelson’s § 2255 petition, we

DENY Ms. Nelson’s application for a COA and DISMISS this matter. We also

conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Ms. Nelson

an evidentiary hearing.

                                                ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                                Stephen H. Anderson
                                                Circuit Judge

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