Court Opinion

ID: 9545139
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-07 17:07:05.22452+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:14:09.726274
License: Public Domain

OPINION COWAN, judge. Defendant appeals in this slip and fall case from a judgment entered in favor of the plaintiff following trial before the court. Defendant asserts: (1) defendant was not negligent under New Mexico law; (2) the trial court erred in concluding that plaintiff did not assume the risk and was not contributorily negligent; (3) plaintiff failed to show by a preponderance of the evidence that the slip and fall aggravated a preexisting condition; and (4) defendant was prevented from introducing the testimony of a witness. Although we decide the four issues on the merits, we note the appeal could be dismissed for rule violations. Defendant questions whether substantial evidence supports the trial court’s findings of fact. The substance of all evidence bearing on the proposition is not stated in defendant’s brief, no findings are directly challenged and only two findings are inferentially challenged in the statement of proceedings. While the fourth issue is argued in the brief, it is not included in the “points relied on”. See respectively § 21-2-1(15) subparagraphs 6, 16(b) and 11, N.M.S.A. 1953 (Repl.Vol. 4); Nance v. Dabau, 78 N.M. 250, 430 P.2d 747 (1967); Cooper v. Bank of New Mexico, 77 N.M. 398, 423 P.2d 431 (1966); Michael v. Bauman, 76 N. M. 225, 413 P.2d 888 (1966). We affirm the judgment of the trial court. The rules which govern our review of the court’s findings are stated in Cave v. Cave, 81 N.M. 797, 474 P.2d 480 (1970): “ . . .If supported by substantial evidence, we will not question them. . . . the evidence is to be viewed in the aspect most favorable to the successful parties. The trial court is to determine credibility and weight. All reasonable inferences are to be indulged in to support the findings made; evidence and inferences to the contrary are disregarded. .. . ” Viewed in this light, and as found by the trial court, the evidence is that on March 30, 1969, the plaintiff was employed as a private duty nurse by one Eunice Green, at that time a patient residing at the premises owned by defendant. At approximately 5 :15 in the evening the plaintiff proceeded to the kitchen area to obtain a tray of food for her patient’s dinner. As she went down a hall leading to a doorway into the dining room and thus to the kitchen, she noted that some sort of work was being done on the left two-thirds of the hallway floor. One of the defendant’s employees was placing a preparation on the floor to strip off the wax, an operation which causes the floor to be extremely slippery. Normally this would not be done in the hall outside the dining room and kitchen during the dinner hour but, for an unexplained reason, on this occasion it was. The right one-third of the-hallway was not being worked on as the plaintiff turned to her right to enter the dining room door. She was in the kitchen approximately 10 to 15 minutes while the tray was being prepared and then, carrying the tray with both hands in front of her, she left the kitchen, and walked through the dining room area to the doorway leading into the hall. This was the same route she had followed going to the kitchen. On her first step through the door and into the hall she slipped and fell, injuring herself. The preparation had been applied “right up to the door” and, although the plaintiff had been aware of the wax stripping operation on one side of the hall, she thought the side by which she approached the kitchen would still be open. At the time she fell there were no warning signs in the area as she approached the door leading into the hall. The status of plaintiff as a business invitee of the defendant is not disputed. The rule relative to the duties owed by a possessor of land to his invitees is set forth in Mozert v. Noeding, 76 N.M. 396, 415 P.2d 364 (1966). The peculiar factual situation in this case distinguishes it from the other slip and fall cases decided in this jurisdiction. Here an areaway was in one condition upon entry and in another upon departure. There was no warning of the changed condition and it was not open and obvious to one entering the hall from the dining room area. We are impressed with the language of the court in Union News Co. v. Freeborn, 111 Ohio St. 105, 144 N.E. 595 (1924). There the plaintiff entered a restaurant near a depot to inquire about a train. After obtaining the requested information she recrossed the restaurant and while doing so slipped and fell. The fall -was occasioned by soapy water on the floor, placed there by a workman after she crossed the room and before she returned and of which plaintiff had no knowledge. In affirming a judgment for the plaintiff, the Ohio Supreme Court stated: “ . . . As heretofore indicated, evidence in the record supports the claim that the dangerous condition described was a new danger, and was created between the time plaintiff crossed the floor and her return, recrossing the floor of the restaurant at the same place. The claim asserted and supported by evidence was therefore one of . negligence on the part of defendant in placing before the plaintiff a new situation of danger, of which she had no knowledge and of which no attempt was made to apprise her. The principle involved is no different than that applicable, if, under the same circumstances, a flight of steps had been removed from the course she was directed to take, between the time she passed over the steps and her return or attempted return the same way. . . . ” The same rule of liability is applicable here, as is the “flight of steps” comparison. See also Atlantic Greyhound Corporation v. Newton, 131 F.2d 845 (4th Cir. 1942) and Hughes v. Anchor Enterprises, 245 N.C. 131, 95 S.E.2d 577, 63 A.L.R.2d 685 (1956). In Hughes, when the plaintiff entered a restaurant and walked to a booth where she was served, the floor of the entrance area and aisle was dry and safe. While she was in the restaurant, defendant through its employee, had created the unsafe condition that caused her to slip and fall when she undertook to use again the identical passageways. Hughes applied the rule that we apply here.  The finding of negligence on the part of the defendant being supported by substantial evidence, its point one is without merit.  Defendant’s point two, purportedly attacking the court’s conclusion that plaintiff did not assume the risk and was not contributorily negligent, is also without merit. There is no evidence in the record that the plaintiff knew, or should have known, that during her stay in the kitchen, wax remover had been placed on the portion of the areaway by which she entered the dining room and kitchen area. The doctrine of assumption of the risk is not applicable. On the issue of contributory negligence we find no evidence or inference and the defendant calls none to our attention.  As to defendant’s point three, there was medical testimony that the plaintiff’s condition was caused by the accident; that she aggravated a preexisting back condition by the fall; and that the fall would be a competent producing cause of the injury. As in most personal injury actions, the medical evidence was conflicting, at least in part, but a determination is for the trier of fact and not for this court. Cave v. Cave, supra.  By defendant’s fourth point, an addendum to point one, defendant complains that it was prevented from introducing testimony of the conditions existing immediately after the accident because a defense witness was unavailable because of illness. The record discloses more than ample time during which the defendant could have obtained the deposition of this witness and the trial court, in its order overruling defendant’s motion for a vacation of the setting shortly before trial, granted defendant permission to take the witness’ deposition during or after trial. The granting or denying of a motion for continuance rests in the discretion of the trial court and will not be interfered with except for abuse. We find none. Tenorio v. Nolen, 80 N.M. 529, 458 P.2d 604 (Ct.App.1969). Finding no error, we affirm the judgment. It is so ordered. WOOD, C. J., concurs.