Court Opinion

ID: 4293073
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-07-11 09:13:57.619898+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:39:15.510091
License: Public Domain

Affirmed; Opinion Filed July 10, 2018.

                                                     In The
                                    Court of Appeals
                             Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                            No. 05-16-00744-CV

                           ROBBIE LESA HAMES HORTON, Appellant
                                           V.
                              KIMBERLY A. STOVALL, Appellee

                          On Appeal from the 162nd Judicial District Court
                                       Dallas County, Texas
                               Trial Court Cause No. DC-12-14190

                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION
                              Before Justices Francis, Evans, and Boatright
                                       Opinion by Justice Evans
        This suit was filed after the July 2012 breakup of a domestic relationship between Robbie

Lesa Hames Horton1 and Kimberly A. Stovall. The trial court favorably disposed of Stovall’s

claims and adversely disposed of Horton’s counterclaims by granting three partial summary

judgments and severing and abating one of Horton’s counterclaims. Horton timely filed her notice

of appeal and complains in six issues that the trial court erred when it granted each order. For the

reasons that follow, we affirm.

    1
      Horton’s name appears in various forms in the file. The Clerk of the Court appears to have styled this appeal
based on Horton’s notice of appeal. We refer to her as Horton. We refer to her husband, James David Horton, whom
she married during the litigation, by the name used throughout the record, David Horton.
                                          BACKGROUND

       Stovall and Horton lived together with Horton’s children at a house on Centenary Avenue

in Dallas, Texas. They acquired various personal property and debts. In addition to their domestic

relationship, Horton worked in Stovall’s law practice. Horton entered into a relationship with

David Horton, one of Stovall’s clients, whom Horton ultimately married. When Stovall and

Horton severed their relationship, disputes arose over domestic and work-related matters and real

and personal property. They entered into a settlement agreement to resolve their issues, but

disputes erupted about the agreement. The first suit was filed by Stovall naming Horton, David

Horton, and at least one of Horton’s children as defendants. Horton then sued JP Morgan Chase

Bank, N.A. alleging that the bank improperly allowed Stovall to withdraw $345,090.20 from

Horton’s account. In Stovall’s suit, Horton and David Horton filed counterclaims. Stovall filed

and amended several motions for summary judgment which were never heard or overruled on by

the trial court. By the time Stovall filed her three motions for partial summary judgment at issue

in this appeal, she had filed her seventh amended petition that asserted two claims solely against

Horton: breach of contract and declaratory judgment. Stovall then moved for the three partial

summary judgments that the trial court granted on March 6, 2015, June 29, 2015, and March 14,

2016. In addition, the trial court severed and abated one counterclaim filed by Horton. The trial

court severed claims involving other parties, and Stovall filed various non-suits resulting in the

trial court’s summary judgments becoming a final, appealable judgment. Horton timely perfected

this appeal.

                                        APPLICABLE LAW

       We affirm a traditional summary judgment if the movant establishes as a matter of law all

elements of her claim, establishes all elements of an affirmative defense to the non-movant’s claim,

or disproves at least one element of the non-movant’s claim, and the non-movant fails to bring

                                                –2–
forward evidence creating a genuine issue of material fact. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Rhone–

Poulenc, Inc. v. Steel, 997 S.W.2d 217, 223 (Tex. 1999) (movant seeking summary judgment on

movant’s own claims must conclusively prove all essential elements of claim); Adams v. Oncor

Elec. Delivery Co., 385 S.W.3d 678, 681 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.) (movant seeking

summary judgment on non-movant’s claims must establish all elements of affirmative defense or

disprove at least one element of claim). We affirm no-evidence summary judgments unless the

nonmoving party demonstrates she brought forth in the trial court more than a scintilla of probative

evidence to raise a genuine issue of material fact on each challenged element of her cause of action.

See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i); Adams, 385 S.W.3d at 681. We conduct a de novo review of the trial

court’s summary judgment, examining the record in the light most favorable to the nonmovant,

indulging every reasonable inference in her favor, and resolving any doubt against the movant.

See Kalyanaram v. Univ. of Tex. Sys., 230 S.W.3d 921, 925 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied).

When the summary judgment order does not state the ground on which summary judgment was

granted, the summary judgment will be affirmed if any of the grounds are meritorious. FM Props.

Operating Co. v. City of Austin, 22 S.W.3d 868, 872 (Tex. 2000).

       The record on which the trial court makes its summary judgment decision and on which

we review the summary judgment is created by the movant and non-movant filing the evidence on

which they rely as attachments to their respective motion or response, or by reference to appendices

they file. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(a) (attachment by movant), (b) (attachment by non-movant),

(d) (appendices filed and referred to by either movant or non-movant). Unless the appellate record

clearly indicates the trial court considered evidence outside the summary judgment record, we will

not consider evidence elsewhere in the trial court’s file, such as a response to a different motion

for summary judgment or evidence supporting a motion for new trial. See Saenz v. S. Union Gas

Co., 999 S.W.2d 490, 494 (Tex. App.—El Paso 1999, pet. denied) (when no request for trial court

                                                –3–
to take judicial notice of evidence attached to response to previous motion for summary judgment,

that evidence was not considered by trial or appellate courts); Lee v. Palacios, No. 14-06-00428-

CV, 2007 WL 2990277, at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Oct. 11, 2007, pet. denied) (mem.

op.) (evidence attached to non-movant’s motion for new trial filed after summary judgment

granted not considered by trial or appellate courts).

       An appellant may generally challenge a summary judgment when stating her issue, which

permits her to argue any possible basis that the trial court erred in granting the summary judgment.

See Malooly Brothers, Inc. v. Napier, 461 S.W.2d 119, 121 (Tex. 1970). But a Malooly issue only

preserves a complaint that is supported by argument in an appellant’s brief. See Cruikshank v.

Consumer Direct Mortg., Inc., 138 S.W.3d 497, 502 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, pet.

denied) (“Although Cruikshank has made a general Malooly point of error, we hold this is only

sufficient to preserve a complaint if the specific ground challenged on appeal is supported by

argument.”); Pena v. State Farm Lloyds, 980 S.W.2d 949, 959 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1998,

no pet.) (Malooly general point of error does not relieve appellant of challenging grounds for

summary judgment with specific arguments on appeal). So even under a de novo review standard

of an appellant’s general Malooly issue, our review is limited to the arguments asserted by an

appellant in her brief. See Cruikshank, 138 S.W.3d at 502–03; Pena, 980 S.W.2d at 959.

       Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 38.1(i) requires an appellant’s brief to “contain a clear

and concise argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the

record.” TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i). Courts must construe briefs “reasonably yet liberally.” Republic

Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Mex–Tex, Inc., 150 S.W.3d 423, 427 (Tex. 2004). Even liberally

construed, it must be appellant who makes some specific argument and analysis showing that the

record and law support appellant’s contentions. See Strange v. Cont’l Cas. Co., 126 S.W.3d 676,

678 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, pet. denied) (“An issue on appeal unsupported by argument or

                                                –4–
citation to any legal authority presents nothing for the court to review.”); Birnbaum v. Law Offices

of G. David Westfall, 120 S.W.3d 470, 477 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, pet. denied); Deutsch v.

Hoover, Bax & Slovacek, L.L.P., 97 S.W.3d 179, 198–99 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2002,

no pet.). We cannot write an appellant’s brief for her, as we observed in Bolling v. Farmers Branch

Independent School District, 315 S.W.3d 893, 895 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.):

       We are not responsible for identifying possible trial court error. See Canton–Carter
       v. Baylor College of Medicine, 271 S.W.3d 928, 931 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th
       Dist.] 2008, no pet.). We are not responsible for searching the record for facts that
       may be favorable to a party’s position. See Fredonia State Bank v. Gen. Am. Life
       Ins. Co., 881 S.W.2d 279, 283–84 (Tex. 1994); Strange, 126 S.W.3d at 678. And
       we are not responsible for doing the legal research that might support a party’s
       contentions. See Canton–Carter, 271 S.W.3d at 931–32. Were we to do so, even
       for a pro se litigant untrained in law, we would be abandoning our role as judges
       and become an advocate for that party. See Valadez v. Avitia, 238 S.W.3d 843, 845
       (Tex. App.—El Paso 2007, no pet.).

Id. Further, “‘[a]n appendix is not a substitute for a clerk’s record nor are citations to the appendix

a substitute for citations to the record.’” Jackson v. Citibank (S.D.), N.A., 345 S.W.3d 214, 214

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.) (quoting Willms v. Wilson, No. 05-08-01718-CV, 2009 WL
4283109, at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 2, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.)). In addition, we may not

consider documents in an appendix that are not in the appellate record. See Deutsch, 97 S.W.3d

at 198; see also Quorum Int’l v. Tarrant Appraisal Dist., 114 S.W.3d 568, 572 (Tex. App.—Fort

Worth 2003, pet. denied) (“We cannot look outside the record in an effort to discover relevant

facts omitted by the parties; rather, we are bound to determine this case on the record as filed.”).

So, not only do we refrain from raising an issue an appellant did not raise in her appellate brief,

we do not re-write an appellant’s argument with analysis, appropriate authorities, and citations to

the appellate record. See St. John Missionary Baptist Church v. Flakes, 547 S.W.3d 311, 313

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2018, pet. filed) (en banc) (appellate court does not raise issue not raised by

appellant); Strange, 126 S.W.3d at 678 (“We cannot remedy deficiencies in a litigant’s brief.”).

                                                 –5–
       In summary, we may not reverse a summary judgment unless an appellant establishes by

her argument in her brief that, based on the summary judgment record before the trial court for the

particular motion for summary judgment on which the trial court ruled, “the trial court made an

error of law” that “(1) probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment; or (2) probably

prevented the appellant from properly presenting the case to the court of appeals.” TEX. R. APP.

P. 44.1. With these appellate standards in mind, we review each of Horton’s issues.

                                            ANALYSIS

       First Issue: No Genuine Issue of Material Fact Demonstrated Regarding March 6, 2015
                    Partial Summary Judgment (Breach of Settlement Agreement)

       In her first issue, Horton complains the trial court erred in granting the partial summary

judgment signed on March 6, 2015. The summary judgment granted Stovall relief on her breach

of contract claim and granted judgment against Horton’s declaratory judgment counterclaim.

Horton generally asserts the summary judgment evidence “created the existence of material facts

on every issue in Stovall’s motions for partial summary judgment.” Horton argues there are

discrepancies that result in factual conflicts when she compares the evidence supporting Stovall’s

amended motion for summary judgment that resulted in the March 6, 2015 order with other

evidence—evidence that is not in the summary judgment record of the March 6, 2015 partial

summary judgment. Even if we are to consider Horton’s citations to her brief’s appendix and treat

those as citations to the appellate record that is indicated on each document, Horton relies on the

following: evidence Horton filed seeking continuance of Stovall’s subsequent motion for partial

summary judgment, evidence Stovall and Horton later filed in support of and opposition to

Stovall’s subsequent motion for partial summary judgment, evidence Horton later filed supporting

her motion for new trial, evidence Stovall and Horton filed supporting and opposing Stovall’s

previous motion for summary judgment on which the trial court never ruled, and allegations in

                                               –6–
Stovall’s original and amended petitions.2 Nowhere does Horton point to conflicting evidence

within the summary judgment record presented in support of the March 6, 2015 partial summary

judgment. Nor does Horton demonstrate in her brief where in the summary judgment record she

pointed out to the trial court the evidence on which she relies in her brief. Indeed, much of what

she relies upon in her brief was filed after the March 6, 2015 summary judgment. We do not

consider any of the evidence Horton cites that is outside the summary judgment record. See TEX.

R. CIV. P. 166a(a), (b), (d); Saenz, 999 S.W.2d at 494; Lee, 2007 WL 2990277, at *2. Accordingly,

having treated each of Horton’s citations to documents in her brief’s appendix as a citation to the

appellate record that is indicated on the document, we conclude that Horton has not presented

anything for us to review. See Strange, 126 S.W.3d at 678 (“We cannot remedy deficiencies in a

litigant’s brief.”).

           In the last paragraph of argument under her first issue, Horton challenges a traditional and

no-evidence motion for partial summary judgment on Horton’s counterclaims that Stovall filed

about nine months earlier than her amended motion that is the basis for the March 6, 2015 partial

summary judgment. Horton does not point out where the trial court signed an order pertaining to

that motion. And other than asserting that evidence she filed created genuine issues of material

fact, Horton does not explain what evidence on which Stovall relied in that motion was

controverted. Horton has presented nothing for us to review in the last paragraph of her first issue

and cannot show she was harmed by a summary judgment motion on which the trial court never

ruled.

           Horton has not met her burden to demonstrate in her brief from the summary judgment

record before the trial court that the trial court erred when it granted the March 6, 2015 partial

summary judgment. We rule against Horton on her first issue.

    2
        Horton also cites a non-existent item 19 in her appendix.
                                                          –7–
       Third Issue: No Error Demonstrated in Denying Horton’s Declaratory Relief regarding
                  March 6, 2015 Partial Summary Judgment (Breach of Settlement
                  Agreement)

       In her third issue, Horton asserts the trial court erred when it granted declaratory relief in

the March 6, 2015 summary judgment that Stovall owned the Centenary property and rejected

Horton’s competing claim for declaratory relief. Horton’s entire argument is comprised of four

sentences in two paragraphs. In support of her statement about a quitclaim deed, Horton cites

evidence she filed in support of her motion for new trial. In support of her sentence, “[Horton’s]

affidavit raises another fact issue,” she cites three documents without any further explanation. The

first document is Horton’s affidavit in the summary judgment record, but Horton makes no further

explanation regarding what statement of fact in her affidavit created a genuine issue of material

fact. The second document is not in the March 6, 2015 summary judgment record; it is in the

record of Stovall’s subsequent motion for partial summary judgment on the remainder of Horton’s

counterclaims. Horton makes no argument or demonstration that the trial court considered this

evidence, nor could the trial court have done so since it was filed after the March 6, 2015 partial

summary judgment was signed. The third document is in Horton’s appendix to her brief and lacks

any marking indicating whether it was filed with the trial court and where it is located in the

appellate record. Horton was obligated to cite the appellate record, not her appendix, and we are

not obligated to search the eight volumes of the clerk’s record to locate that document. See

Jackson, 345 S.W.3d 214; Deutsch, 97 S.W.3d at 198. Accordingly, having treated each of

Horton’s citations to documents in her brief’s appendix as a citation to the appellate record that is

indicated on the document, we conclude that Horton has failed to argue or demonstrate the trial

court erred when it granted the declaratory relief in the March 6, 2015 partial summary judgment.

See Strange, 126 S.W.3d at 678. Accordingly, we reject Horton’s third issue.

                                                –8–
       Second Issue: Severability of Contractual Obligations regarding March 6, 2015 Partial
                  Summary Judgment (Breach of Settlement Agreement)

       In her second issue, Horton challenges one premise of one of Stovall’s alternative

arguments in Stovall’s amended motion for summary judgment.               Horton challenges the

severability or independence of the mutual obligations in the settlement agreement. On that

premise, Stovall moved for summary judgment that Horton was estopped from challenging the

enforceability of the settlement agreement as regards the Centenary property because Horton had

accepted and retained the benefits of the settlement agreement—Stovall’s payment of $100,000.

In her brief, Horton cites only evidence she filed in support of her motion for new trial, not

evidence in the summary judgment record. Although Horton argues and cites relevant authorities

about severability or independence of mutual obligations in contracts, we need not consider her

arguments. Having rejected Horton’s other issues challenging the March 6, 2015 partial summary

judgment, we conclude that Horton’s second issue challenges only one of Stovall’s alternative

arguments. Because Horton has not demonstrated error in the other independent basis for the

summary judgment—that Horton breached the settlement agreement—she cannot demonstrate in

this issue that any error in this alternative ground “probably caused the rendition of an improper

judgment.” TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1; see FM Props. Operating Co., 22 S.W.3d at 872 (when summary

judgment does not specify ground on which it was granted, we affirm if any ground is valid). We

rule against Horton on her second issue.

       Fourth Issue: No Genuine Issue of Material Fact Demonstrated in June 29, 2015 Partial
                  Summary Judgment (Horton’s Counterclaims)

       In her fourth issue, Horton challenges the June 29, 2015 partial summary judgment denying

all of Horton’s remaining counterclaims. Horton generally asserts that there were genuine issues

of material fact so the trial court erred when it granted the summary judgment. To support her

argument in her brief, the only evidence she cites that is in the June 29, 2015 partial summary

                                               –9–
judgment record is a document containing data about “IP Location Finder & Visual IP Locator.”3

There is no explanation in Horton’s brief how this document supports her argument. Horton also

cites two pages of her supplemental response itself, but she makes no argument how those pages

support the argument in her brief and a summary judgment response itself is not evidence. See

Ellis v. Renaissance on Turtle Creek Condo Ass’n, Inc., 426 S.W.3d 843, 855 (Tex. App.—Dallas

2014, pet. denied) (“[Nonmovant]’s argument in his summary judgment response does not

constitute evidence and therefore cannot raise a fact issue.”).

           Even if we trace all of Horton’s citations to her appendix to the appellate record, remaining

record citations are to evidence Horton filed in support of her opposition to Stovall’s previous

motion for partial summary judgment, evidence she filed in support of her motion for new trial,

and statements in her response itself to a different motion for summary judgment. All of these are

outside the June 29, 2015 partial summary judgment record, and Horton makes no argument or

demonstration that the trial court considered the material to which Horton refers. We do not

consider any of the evidence Horton cites that is outside the summary judgment record. See TEX.

R. CIV. P. 166a(a), (b), (d); Saenz, 999 S.W.2d at 494; Lee, 2007 WL 2990277, at *2. Having

treated each of Horton’s citations to documents in her appendix as a citation to the appellate record

that is indicated on the document, we conclude that Horton has not met her burden to demonstrate

in her brief from the summary judgment record before the trial court that the trial court erred when

it granted the June 29, 2015 partial summary judgment. We rule against Horton on her fourth

issue.

    3
        This is a document in her appendix to which Horton cites that we have traced to the appellate record.
                                                         –10–
       Fifth Issue: Presentment and Underlying Damages regarding March 14, 2016 Partial
                   Summary Judgment (Stovall’s Attorney’s Fees)

       In her fifth issue, Horton lists seven challenges to the March 14, 2016 partial summary

judgment awarding Stovall attorney’s fees. Horton asserts three emails used by Stovall as evidence

of presentment of her claim should not have been considered by the trial court. Horton cites only

the first pages of Stovall’s motion for partial summary judgment on attorney’s fees, Horton’s

response, Stovall’s amended motion, Horton’s response, and Horton’s motion to strike. With no

other citation to the record, Horton argues the emails were never produced during discovery and

should not be considered. Horton’s brief fails to demonstrate or explain from the appellate record

the basis for her argument. Horton also argues the three presentment emails are unreliable because,

according to Horton, Stovall hacked various electronic accounts. But for this argument, Horton

cites only documents in her appendix that bear no marking indicating they were ever filed with the

trial court or where they are located in the appellate record. Horton further argues the content of

the emails does not qualify as presentment under authorities Horton cites. But Horton does not

provide a citation to the appellate record or to her appendix for the emails she challenges. Horton

was obligated to cite the appellate record, not her appendix, and we are not obligated to search the

eight volumes of the clerk’s record to locate these presentment emails. See Jackson, 345 S.W.3d
214; Deutsch, 97 S.W.3d at 198.

       Horton next argues Stovall did not obtain an underlying recovery so the trial court erred

when it awarded Stovall attorney’s fees. Stovall argues she is entitled to attorney’s fees for two

reasons. First, under section 38.001 of the civil practice and remedies code she recovered

$245,585.64 on her breach of contract claim thereby entitling her to recover attorney’s fees. See

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 38.001 (West 2015). Second, she obtained a declaratory

judgment regarding her exclusive ownership of the Centenary property, so she was entitled to

                                               –11–
recover under the declaratory judgment statute. See id. § 37.009 (West 2015). We need reach

only Stovall’s argument regarding the application of section 38.001.

        Horton argues that because the $245,585.64 was the proceeds of the sale of the Centenary

property was held in the registry of the court and Stovall only received the money by filing a

separate motion for release of the money, Stovall did not obtain a recovery for breach of contract.

Horton relies on Village Medical Center, Ltd. v. Apolzon, 619 S.W.2d 188 (Tex. Civ. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 1981, no writ) to support her argument. Horton interprets Apolzon to hold that

because the purchasers of property obtained only return of their earnest money, they were not

entitled to attorney’s fees. According to Horton’s argument, Stovall merely recovered money that

the trial court determined belonged to Stovall, so she did not obtain a recovery for breach of

contract, and she is not entitled to attorney’s fees. Horton’s arguments are not persuasive.

        Stovall sought partial summary judgment on her breach of contract claim that Stovall

performed and Horton breached the settlement agreement, and that in the settlement agreement

Horton released any interest she might have to the Centenary property. Stovall obtained partial

summary judgment that “Plaintiff, Kimberly A. Stovall is entitled to judgment in the amount of

$245,585.64.” Horton claimed in the trial court and continues to claim on appeal that Stovall

breached the settlement agreement, so Horton still owns part of the Centenary property. Thus, on

Horton’s theory, she would be entitled to some portion of the $245,585.64.4 The trial court

determined by the March 6, 2015 partial summary judgment that Stovall proved as a matter of law

that Horton breached the settlement agreement and that Stovall was entitled to judgment for the

entire $245,585.64 proceeds of the sale of the Centenary property. The mechanics of obtaining

the funds from the registry of the court are similar to collection of a judgment and do not inform

    4
      Indeed, even in this issue Horton argues, “Attorney fees were not appropriate because the Court first must
resolve the issue of the ownership of the money in the registry of the Court and the release of the funds.”
                                                     –12–
the basis for the judgment. Stovall is correct that the trial court’s decision met the requirements

for recovery of attorney’s fees pursuant to section 38.001 of the civil practice and remedies code.

See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 38.001.

           Further, Horton is incorrect in her view of Apolzon. In Apolzon, parties that sought to

purchase property sued for specific performance and damages and lost on both claims. Apolzon,
619 S.W.2d at 191. The trial court did award them return of their earnest money, but that was not

what they sought. Id. Accordingly, the appellate court rejected the purchasers’ claim that the trial

court erred by denying them recovery of attorney’s fees because they had not recovered under their

claims. Id.5 Because Stovall prevailed on her breach of contract claim and obtained judgment for

the $245,585.64 proceeds of the sale of the Centenary property in contravention to Horton’s claim,

Stovall obtained a recovery and is entitled to attorney’s fees pursuant to section 38.001.

           Horton’s last challenge to Stovall’s attorney’s fee recovery asserts Stovall failed to

segregate her fees. Stovall argues she presented expert testimony of segregation of fees and Horton

did not present expert testimony contradicting that evidence.6 Horton’s one-paragraph argument

    5
        The court of appeals stated,
           The purchasers sought specific performance and damages, neither of which was granted. The
           judgment essentially returns the parties to their original status by ordering the return of the
           purchasers’ deposit, enjoining the purchasers from interfering with sellers’ tenants and property,
           and clearing the sellers’ title to the property from claims of the purchasers. There is no recovery by
           purchasers under the judgment that would entitle them to recovery under Article 2226, Tex. Civ. St.
           [now codified at section 38.001, Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code].
Apolzon, 619 S.W.2d at 191.
    6
      Stovall cites her attorney’s testimony about segregation of fees after he stated he considered the applicable
standards in several cases:
           I segregated time spent on the discrete legal services that either specifically concerned Plaintiff’s
           breach of contract claim regarding the Centenary property, or Defendant’s counterclaim for
           declaratory judgment regarding the Centenary property. I segregated out, and did not count time
           spent on claims or defenses for which attorney’s fees are not recoverable, including but not limited
           to claims related to the Spain property, [Horton’s] counterclaims for conversion, unjust enrichment,
           accounting, invasion of privacy, David Horton’s claims for breach of fiduciary duty, litigation
           expenses, DTPA, unjust enrichment, fraud, intentional infliction of emotional distress, negligence,
           assault, breaking and entering, impersonation of a police officer, David Horton’s Motion for Partial
           Summary Judgment on litigation expenses, the motions to sever, abate and stay, the prior claims for
           assault, tortious interference, conversion, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, statutory fraud, intentional

                                                            –13–
on this point essentially directs us to review twenty-seven pages of billing records and argues that

non-recoverable items are contained in the records. But Horton does not discuss or cite Stovall’s

expert witness testimony about segregation of fees or explain how he allegedly did not account for

the few specific details she mentions when in his testimony he applied a percentage discount

attributable to segregable fees and explained the basis for how he arrived at the percentage number.

As such, Horton fails to make a complete argument that demonstrates from the summary judgment

record that the trial court erred when it granted Stovall’s attorney’s fees as regards segregation of

fees. See Strange, 126 S.W.3d at 678.

       Having considered each of Horton’s arguments regarding the partial summary judgment

on attorney’s fees and having treated each of Horton’s citations to documents in her brief’s

appendix as a citation to the appellate record that is indicated on the document, we reject each one.

Accordingly, Horton has not demonstrated the trial court erred in granting the March 14, 2016

partial summary judgment on Stovall’s attorney’s fees.

       Sixth Issue: No Error in Nov. 20, 2014 Order Severing and Abating One of Horton’s
                   Counterclaims

       In her sixth issue, Horton asserts the trial court abused its discretion in its November 20,

2014 order that severed and abated one of Horton’s counterclaims. Six months before she filed

her counterclaim in this suit, Horton sued JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., claiming that the bank

improperly allowed Stovall to withdraw $345,090.20 from Horton’s account. That case was

       infliction of emotional distress, defamation, business disparagement, malicious prosecution, theft
       and injunctive relief, the time spent on the severance issues, Plaintiff’s motion for summary
       judgment on Defendant’s counterclaims, and Horton’s motion for reconsideration and/or
       reconsolidation. As for legal services and time entries that that were intertwined with other claims,
       defenses and issues, I estimated the percentage of time spent on those issues, and I subtracted a
       reasonable amount of time for non-recoverable fees incurred in relation to those matters based upon
       a percentage of time spent in comparison to the claims or defendant involved. As for discovery
       responses, defending the Stovall deposition, and the motions for summary judgment, I segregated
       the time spent on the Centenary property issues, the breach of contract claim and declaratory
       judgment counterclaims from the time spent on issues for which attorney’s fees are not recoverable
       by estimating the percentage of time spent on each where the time entry involved more than one
       claim.
                                                      –14–
assigned to the County Court at Law No. 5 in Dallas County. Within two weeks, JP Morgan Chase

joined Stovall in Horton’s lawsuit. Six months later, Horton filed the conversion counterclaim at

issue in this suit pending in the 162nd District Court. In her brief, Horton contends that the severed

claim was a compulsory counterclaim that arose from the same transaction as her other

counterclaims and Stovall’s original claims against her.

       A trial court has broad discretion in matters of severance and consolidation of causes. See

Guar. Fed. Sav. Bank v. Horseshoe Operating Co., 793 S.W.2d 652, 658 (Tex. 1990). A

counterclaim is compulsory if it is:

       within the jurisdiction of the court, not the subject of a pending action, which at the
       time of filing the pleading the pleader has against any opposing party, if it arises
       out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the opposing party’s
       claim and does not require for its adjudication the presence of third parties of whom
       the court cannot acquire jurisdiction.

TEX. R. CIV. P. 97 (emphasis added). At the time Horton added the counterclaim regarding the JP

Morgan Chase account, it was already “the subject of a pending action” in another trial court. On

this record and argument, we cannot conclude the trial court abused its discretion in its November

20, 2014 order of severance and abatement. We overrule Horton’s sixth issue and affirm the trial

court’s severance order.

                                          CONCLUSION

       For these reasons, we conclude Horton has not met her burden to demonstrate in her brief

that the trial court erred when it granted each partial summary judgment and the order of severance.

       Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s orders comprising the final judgment.

                                                       /David Evans/
                                                       DAVID EVANS
                                                       JUSTICE

Boatright, J., dissenting
160744F.P05

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                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

 ROBBIE LESA HAMES HORTON,                             On Appeal from the 162nd Judicial District
 Appellant                                             Court, Dallas County, Texas
                                                       Trial Court Cause No. DC-12-14190.
 No. 05-16-00744-CV          V.                        Opinion delivered by Justice Evans,
                                                       Justices Francis and Boatright participating.
 KIMBERLY A. STOVALL, Appellee

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that appellee Kimberly A. Stovall recover her costs of this appeal from
appellant Robbie Lesa Hames Horton.

Judgment entered this 10th day of July, 2018.

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