Court Opinion

ID: 9461078
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-04 22:05:20.507081+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:36:52.978436
License: Public Domain

HUFSTEDLER, Circuit Judge
(concurring specially):
I concur under the compulsion of United States v. Bugarin-Casas (9th Cir. 1973) 484 F.2d 853 and its progency.
I am unable to reconcile the rationale of Almeida-Sanchez v. United States (1973) 413 U.S. 266, 93 S.Ct. 2535, 37 L.Ed.2d 596, forbidding border agents on roving patrol to stop and search vehicles without probable cause (see United States v. Brignoni-Ponce (9th Cir. en banc 1974) 499 F.2d 1109), with the Bugarin-Casas line of cases permitting roving border patrol agents to stop vehicles under circumstances short of probable cause.