Court Opinion

ID: 1051472
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 20:20:45.481862+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:51:56.193124
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                           AT JACKSON
                           Assigned on Briefs November 12, 2008

            HENRY LEE HAWKINS, JR. v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                      Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County
                       No. 03-05462 Carolyn Wade Blackett, Judge

                     No. W2008-00455-CCA-R3-PC - Filed May 5, 2009

The petitioner, Henry Lee Hawkins, Jr., appeals from the Shelby County Criminal Court’s denial
of his petition for post-conviction relief from his convictions on four counts of aggravated robbery
and effective sentence of 34 years in the Department of Correction. On appeal, the petitioner argues
that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel at trial. After reviewing the record, we affirm
the judgment of the post-conviction court.

     Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed.

D. KELLY THOMAS, JR., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOSEPH M. TIPTON , P.J., and
ALAN E. GLENN , J., joined.

Vanessa M. Cross, Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellant, Henry Lee Hawkins, Jr.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Leslie E. Price, Assistant Attorney General;
William L. Gibbons, District Attorney General; and Tracye N. Jones, Assistant District Attorney
General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                              OPINION

        The record reflects that the petitioner was indicted on eight counts of aggravated robbery
against four victims; the indictment alleged alternate theories of robbery by use of a firearm and
violence, as well as robbery by use of a firearm to put the victim in fear. After a jury trial, the
petitioner was convicted of five counts of aggravated robbery and three counts of theft. The trial
court merged the theft counts and one count of aggravated robbery into the other four counts of
aggravated robbery. The trial court sentenced the petitioner to a term of seventeen years as a Range
II, multiple offender for each of his four aggravated robbery convictions, with the trial court ordering
three of the sentences to be served concurrently and the other sentences to be served consecutively,
resulting in a total effective sentence of thirty-four years. This court affirmed the petitioner’s
convictions and sentences on appeal. See State v. Henry Hawkins, No. W2005-00781-CCA-R3-CD,
2006 WL 1703817, at *23 (Tenn. Crim. App. June 21, 2006), perm. app. denied, (Tenn. Oct. 30,
2006).

          On January 2, 2007, the petitioner filed a timely pro se petition for post-conviction relief.
The post-conviction court appointed counsel, who filed an amended petition on June 14, 2007. In
the amended petition, the petitioner asserted that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel
at trial in that trial counsel: (1) failed to review the jury instructions, which he claims prevented the
jury from being instructed on lesser included offenses; (2) failed to file a motion to suppress the
identification of the petitioner in a photographic array; (3) failed to make timely objections to the
trial court’s comments to the jury; (4) failed to raise the issue regarding the judicial comments in the
petitioner’s motion for new trial, rendering the issues waived on appeal; (5) failed to investigate the
facts of the case; (6) failed to “investigate the present facts surrounding the Probable Cause Order;”
and (7) failed to challenge the affidavit of complaint. The petitioner also asserted that he was
convicted of both aggravated robbery and theft in violation of his right against double jeopardy, and
that the State’s proposed application of the prior criminal history sentence enhancement factor
constituted prosecutorial misconduct and violated his Sixth Amendment rights. The post-conviction
court held an evidentiary hearing on November 30, 2007.

         At the evidentiary hearing, trial counsel testified that he represented the petitioner “from
initial arrest to preliminary hearing through trial.” Counsel said that before trial, he “met with [the
petitioner] at least a half dozen times if not more . . . .” He said that the petitioner suggested several
potential alibi witnesses, including “somebody named Barbara Jean,” Marcus Hawkins, Jarvis
Rhodes, Tiffany Smith, Inesca Hawkins, and Marianne Hawkins. However, counsel was unable to
locate Marcus Hawkins, and the other potential witnesses told counsel’s investigator that they were
unaware of the petitioner’s whereabouts the night of the offense. Therefore, counsel called only one
witness at trial, the petitioner’s mother, whom counsel said “seemed to be the best person who could
discuss where [the petitioner] was” the night of the offense.

        Counsel acknowledged that one of the victims had a credit card stolen during the incident
and that this credit card was later used at a gas station. He also acknowledged that he did not speak
to this victim before trial or “follow any leads regarding who may have made that credit card
transaction.”

        Counsel acknowledged that the petitioner “had a history of . . . mental health issues. He had
a [49] IQ. He had social problems.”1 He also acknowledged that the petitioner had taken Prozac in
the past. Counsel testified that the petitioner was referred to Dr. J. Riley Bailey, a psychologist, for
an evaluation; Dr. Bailey’s report, introduced as an exhibit at the evidentiary hearing, concluded that
the petitioner suffered from “schizophrenia with paranoid depressive and persecutory features.”
However, counsel said that he did not call Dr. Bailey as a witness and did not present evidence of

         1
          Of note, in both his original and amended petitions for relief, the petitioner failed to list counsel’s declining
to pursue a mental health-based defense and counsel’s declining to seek a competency hearing as bases for his
ineffective assistance of counsel claim.

                                                           -2-
the petitioner’s mental health problems at trial. Counsel’s reasoning was twofold:

         [The petitioner was] competent. He was able to assist me and he was able to discuss
         the trial . . . . So I wasn’t able to get any kind of not guilty by reason of insanity.
         And secondly, [the petitioner’s] defense was [that] he didn’t commit the offenses.
         So I was not going to be able to use this [information] as a mental health defense
         because our theory of the case was he wasn’t there and he didn’t do it.

Counsel said that he did propose the sentence mitigating factor provided in Tennessee Code
Annotated section 40-35-113(11): “The defendant, although guilty of the crime, committed the
offense under such unusual circumstances that it is unlikely that a sustained intent to violate the law
motivated the criminal conduct[.]”

        Counsel was then questioned about comments the trial court made immediately before the
jury retired for its deliberations:2

                 [TRIAL COURT:] The only writing you’re going to do on this [verdict form]
         is you’re going to be writing verdicts, and I’m going to need eight verdicts. . . . I’m
         going to have to have eight separate signatures with eight separate verdicts.

                 I don’t want a “not guilty” or a “not guilty” and a signature. You have to
         write the entire form for each count and write all eight, so when your foreperson
         starts writing verdicts as you reach them make sure they follow the forms which are
         on the last three pages or four pages of this charge. Okay?

When specifically asked about the sentence emphasized above, counsel said that he did not object
to this jury instruction, which he viewed as a correct statement of the law. In counsel’s view, the
trial court’s comments did not prevent the jury from returning a not guilty verdict; rather, he thought
that the trial judge “was telling them if they were going to write not guilty how he wanted it done.”

        Counsel was then asked about another comment the trial court made during jury instructions,
one the court made before making the above-referenced comment regarding the verdict forms. The
record reflects that after instructing the jury on aggravated robbery, the trial court attempted to
instruct the jury on the lesser included offenses of robbery and theft of property. However, the trial
court was unable to locate the jury instructions as to those offenses, so a recess was called. After the
recess, the trial court told the jury, “I apologize, ladies and gentlemen. Judges never make mistakes,
so I don’t know what happened.” The court then proceeded to instruct the jury on robbery and theft.
Counsel said that he did not know how much time passed between the trial court’s making the two
statements. Counsel was not asked whether he believed the trial court’s statements were

         2
          These comments were not specifically referenced in the post-conviction petition. The petition did reference
other comments the trial court made to the jury, but the comments referenced in the petition were not addressed at the
evidentiary hearing.

                                                         -3-
inappropriate.3

        On cross-examination, counsel testified that “once [the petitioner] had advised me that he had
a mental health history . . . I felt that it was necessary for him to have a full mental health evaluation
rather than just the regular evaluation that doctors usually give.” Thus, the petitioner underwent two
separate mental health evaluations at Midtown Mental Health Center, one in May 2003 and the other
in October 2003.4 Both evaluations recommended that the petitioner was competent to stand trial
and “able to appreciate the nature and wrongfulness of his alleged behavior.” Counsel also
acknowledged that the following language appeared in Dr. Bailey’s report:

        . . . . [T]his examination, however, produced no evidence that suggests [the
        petitioner] is unable to appreciate the wrongfulness of his actions regarding the
        matters before the courts in Shelby County[,] Tennessee. At the time of this
        examination, Mr. Hawkins presented no gross evidence of psychotic
        behavior/activity or delusional thinking patterns.

                    ....

               Unless Mr. Hawkins is actively psychotic, he appears to be competent to
        stand trial.

On redirect examination, counsel acknowledged that he did not investigate which doctor prescribed
the petitioner’s Prozac and that he “would not have been able to gather information about the
psychiatric issues that [the petitioner] was under at that time” because Dr. Bailey was a psychologist.

        The post-conviction court entered an order denying the petitioner post-conviction relief. As
to the petitioner’s grounds for his ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the post-conviction court
held that the petitioner failed to establish by clear and convincing evidence that counsel’s
performance was deficient. The post-conviction court also held that the petitioner’s argument
regarding double jeopardy was without merit because the trial court merged the petitioner’s three
counts of aggravated robbery and one count of theft with the four counts of aggravated robbery
before sentencing him. The petitioner subsequently filed a timely notice of appeal.

                                                      ANALYSIS

        On appeal, the petitioner argues that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel at trial.
Specifically, he asserts that counsel was ineffective for failing to: (1) investigate the facts of the case;
(2) request a competency hearing; (3) file a motion to suppress an identification from a photography
line-up; and (4) raise a contemporaneous objection to the trial court’s comments regarding the
verdict form. The State contends that the petitioner did not establish by clear and convincing

        3
            The record reflects that counsel did not object to this comment at trial.
        4
            Neither evaluation appears in the record on appeal.

                                                            -4-
evidence that he received ineffective assistance. After reviewing the record, we agree with the state.

        The burden in a post-conviction proceeding is on the petitioner to prove his allegations of
fact by clear and convincing evidence. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f). On appeal, we are bound
by the trial court’s findings of fact unless we conclude that the evidence in the record preponderates
against those findings. Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 456 (Tenn. 2001). Because they relate to
mixed questions of law and fact, we review the trial court’s conclusions as to whether counsel’s
performance was deficient and whether that deficiency was prejudicial under a de novo standard with
no presumption of correctness. Id. at 457.

        Under the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, when a claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel is made, the burden is on the petitioner to show (1) that counsel’s performance
was deficient and (2) that the deficiency was prejudicial. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
687 (1984); see Lockhart v. Fretwell, 506 U.S. 364, 368-372 (1993). In other words, a showing that
counsel’s performance falls below a reasonable standard is not enough; rather, the petitioner must
also show that but for the substandard performance, “the result of the proceeding would have been
different.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. The Strickland standard has been applied to the right to
counsel under Article I, Section 9 of the Tennessee Constitution. State v. Melson, 772 S.W.2d 417,
419 n.2 (Tenn. 1989). In the context of a guilty plea as in this case, the effective assistance of
counsel is relevant only to the extent that it affects the voluntariness of the plea. Therefore, to satisfy
the second prong of Strickland, the petitioner must show that “there is a reasonable probability that,
but for counsel’s errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.”
Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59 (1985); see also Walton v. State, 966 S.W.2d 54, 55 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1997).

        The petitioner’s first argument regarding his ineffective assistance of counsel assertion is that
counsel failed to investigate the facts of the case. Specifically, the petitioner argues that counsel
“fail[ed] to investigate facts regarding use of the victim’s credit card at a gas station and use of a
cellular phone obtained in the robbery and a failure to subpoena records in preparation for a defense
that another [person] may have been the robber.” The petitioner also faults counsel for calling only
one alibi witness, the petitioner’s mother. However, at the evidentiary hearing, the petitioner did not
present the testimony of any of his potential alibi witnesses or the victim whose credit card was
stolen. A petitioner cannot demonstrate deficient performance and prejudice from trial counsel’s
alleged failure to investigate a witness “unless he can produce a material witness who (a) could have
been found by a reasonable investigation and (b) would have testified favorably in support of his
defense if called.” Black v. State, 794 S.W.2d 752, 757 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990). The petitioner
also did not present any evidence as to who may have used the victim’s credit card or cellular phone.
Furthermore, counsel testified that before trial his investigator spoke with all of the potential
witnesses but one, who could not be located. According to counsel, the witnesses with whom the
investigator spoke were unable to provide the petitioner with an alibi the night of the offense, so
counsel called only one witness at trial: the petitioner’s mother, the only person who could vouch
for the petitioner’s whereabouts the night of the offense. The post-conviction court accredited

                                                   -5-
counsel’s testimony, and the petitioner has presented no evidence that would lead this court to view
counsel’s testimony any differently. We therefore conclude that the petitioner’s assertion that
counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate the facts of the case is without merit.

         The petitioner also asserts that counsel was ineffective for failing to seek a competency
evaluation closer to trial. As relevant to this issue, we have observed that not every person affected
by a mental illness is rendered incompetent to stand trial. Wilcoxson v. State, 22 S.W.3d 289, 305
(Tenn. Crim. App. 1999). “[E]vidence of [the petitioner’s] past psychiatric problems does not
necessarily require counsel to ask for a competency hearing if the petitioner’s behavior does not
reflect incompetence at the time of trial or while his attorney is preparing for trial.” Id. at 310. In
this case, early in his representation of the petitioner, counsel became concerned over the petitioner’s
mental health. Accordingly, he had two mental health evaluations conducted on the petitioner in
May and October 2003. Each time, the evaluation recommended that the petitioner was competent
to stand trial, a recommendation which the trial court apparently adopted. In the petitioner’s
December 2004 psychological evaluation, Dr. Bailey concluded, “Unless Mr. Hawkins is actively
psychotic, he appears to be competent to stand trial.” (emphasis omitted). While Dr. Bailey is not
a psychiatrist, his report, coupled with the two earlier mental health evaluations in which the
petitioner was deemed competent to stand trial, the petitioner’s active participation in his defense
by identifying several potential alibi witnesses, and the lack of evidence that counsel doubted the
petitioner’s competency to stand trial lead us to conclude that counsel’s declining to pursue another
competency hearing for the petitioner did not constitute ineffective assistance.

        The petitioner next asserts that counsel was ineffective for failing to file a pretrial motion to
suppress the petitioner’s identification in a photograph lineup. On direct appeal, we concluded that
“because the [petitioner] failed to file a pretrial motion to suppress the identifications as purportedly
resulting from an unconstitutional lineup procedure, he has waived this issue on appeal.” Henry
Hawkins, 2006 WL 1703817, at *8 (citing Tenn. R. Crim. P. 12(b)(3), (f); Tenn. R. App. P. 36(a)).
However, even if failure to preserve the issue on appeal constituted deficient performance, the
petitioner has failed to establish that he was prejudiced by counsel’s deficiency. Notwithstanding
the waiver issue, on direct appeal we noted that “the four victims testified that they initially
identified the [petitioner] through a photograph lineup procedure and thereafter, identified the
[petitioner] in court. Obviously the jury chose to accredit the victims’ testimony, which was its
exclusive prerogative.” Id. Furthermore, at the evidentiary hearing the petitioner did not present
any evidence regarding this component of his ineffective assistance claim. Accordingly, we
conclude that counsel’s failure to file a motion to suppress the results of the photographic lineup did
not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel.

        Finally, the petitioner asserts that counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the trial
court’s comments regarding the verdict form during its jury instructions. The petitioner challenged
this comment on direct appeal, and upon reviewing the comment in the context of the jury
instructions as a whole, this court denied relief, concluding that there was “nothing improper about

                                                  -6-
the trial court’s instructions . . . .” Id. at *18. We therefore conclude that counsel’s declining to
object to this portion of the trial court’s jury instructions neither constituted deficient performance
nor prejudiced the petitioner. Having concluded that the petitioner has not established any of the
bases for his ineffective assistance of counsel claim by clear and convincing evidence, we deny him
relief.

                                          CONCLUSION

       Upon consideration of the foregoing and the record as a whole, the judgment of the post-
conviction court is affirmed.

                                                               _______________________________
                                                               D. KELLY THOMAS, JR., JUDGE

                                                 -7-