Court Opinion

ID: 4368450
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-02-15 16:00:56.833289+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:48:20.542297
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                             FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

RAHEEM MUHAMMAD,

               Plaintiff,
       v.
                                                       Civil Action No. 16-1079 (TJK)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA et al.,

               Defendants.

                            MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

       This matter is currently before the Court on a motion to dismiss for lack of prosecution

and non-compliance with the Court’s orders, ECF No. 45, filed by the remaining defendants: the

United States of America, Megan J. Brennan, Patrick R. Donahue, Gerald Roane, Jane Doe

Bello, and Jane Doe (collectively, “Federal Defendants”). In response, Plaintiff Raheem

Muhammad, proceeding pro se, has filed, inter alia, a motion to strike Federal Defendants’

motion, see ECF No. 49. Also pending before the Court are several requests by Plaintiff for

reasonable and meaningful accommodations, for the appointment of counsel, and to transfer the

case. See ECF Nos. 41, 47, 50.

       For the reasons stated herein, the Court will defer ruling on Federal Defendants’ motion

to dismiss, and Plaintiff’s motions and requests for relief will be denied. Should Plaintiff fail to

confer with Federal Defendants as directed below, Federal Defendants’ motion will be granted,

and this matter will be dismissed promptly for lack of prosecution.

I.     Factual and Procedural Background

       Plaintiff originally brought this action against Federal Defendants and the District of

Columbia. See ECF No. 1 (“Compl.”) at 1–2. He alleges that he suffered injuries when he
slipped and fell on a sidewalk outside a Post Office in the District of Columbia. Id. ¶¶ 16–17.

He seeks $1 million in compensatory damages. Id. at 13. Plaintiff alleges negligence due to lack

of sidewalk maintenance, which he believes was motivated by “racism and apathy.” Id. ¶ 24–34.

       On August 12, 2016, the District of Columbia filed a motion to dismiss under Federal

Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b). ECF No. 9. On December 16, 2016, Federal Defendants also

filed a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b). ECF No. 16. On January 27, 2017, the Court

informed Plaintiff of his obligation to respond these motions, providing a deadline of March 3,

2017. See ECF No. 18 at 2. He was advised of the potential consequence of dismissal should he

fail to respond. See id. Instead of filing an opposition, on March 1, 2017, Plaintiff filed his first

motion to appoint counsel. ECF No. 19.

       On April 6, 2017, the Court denied Plaintiff’s motion to appoint counsel. See ECF No.

20. At the same time, the Court extended Plaintiff’s opposition deadline to May 15, 2017. See

id at 2. On April 12, 2017, Plaintiff filed a “Renewed Motion for an Enlargement of Time to File

a Formal Response(s) to Defendant(s)[’] . . . Frivolous Motion(s) to Dismiss Plaintiff’s

Complaint(s).” ECF No. 21 at 2. He also filed a “Motion to Immediately Remove [Defense]

Attorneys.” ECF No. 22 at 2. On May 3, 2017, the Court issued a Minute Order granting

Plaintiff’s motion for an extension of time, allowing him an additional month to file his

oppositions no later than June 16, 2017, or, as previously advised, risk summary dismissal. That

same day, the Court issued a second Minute Order denying Plaintiff’s motion to remove

Defendants’ attorneys as “baseless.” On May 12, 2017, Plaintiff moved to vacate both Minute

Orders and requested transfer of the case to the District of Maryland. ECF No. 24. On June 26,

2017, Plaintiff then filed a renewed motion to vacate the two Minute Orders. ECF No. 28.

                                                  2
       On September 18, 2017, the case was directly reassigned to the undersigned. And on

March 7, 2018, the Court issued a Memorandum Opinion and Order: (1) granting the District of

Columbia’s motion to dismiss in its entirety, (2) granting Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss

as to Counts Two and Four (for violations of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Fourteenth

Amendment, respectively) but denying the motion as to Counts One and Three (for negligence

and intentional infliction of emotion distress, respectively), and (3) denying Plaintiff’s motions to

vacate and requests to transfer the case. See ECF No. 29. Plaintiff appealed these decisions to

the District of Columbia Circuit.1 See ECF No. 30.

       Meanwhile, on April 2, 2018, the Court ordered that Federal Defendants answer the

complaint. See Min. Order of Apr. 2, 2018. On August 29, 2018, Federal Defendants filed an

answer. ECF No. 35. An Initial Scheduling Conference (“ISC”) was scheduled for October 2,

2018, and the parties were ordered to meet and confer and to submit a joint report pursuant to

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(f) and Local Rule 16.3 in anticipation of that conference. See

Min. Order of Aug. 30, 2018. On September 24, 2018, Federal Defendants filed a motion for an

extension of time to file the joint report, ECF No. 38, indicating that, despite their efforts to

contact Plaintiff by letter and telephone, he had not responded to their requests to meet and

confer in advance of the ISC. To date, he has not provided an email address to the Court or

opposing counsel. See id. ¶ 3.

       On September 25, 2018, the Court issued an Order rescheduling the ISC for November 8,

2018. ECF No. 40. In the same Order, the Court noted that Plaintiff’s conduct violated the prior

1
  On January 29, 2019, the District of Columbia Circuit (1) denied Plaintiff’s request for
reasonable and meaningful accommodations, (2) denied Plaintiff’s request for transfer and
mandamus relief, and (3) dismissed the appeal for lack of prosecution for failure to address the
arguments raised in Federal Defendants’ filings. See Muhammad v. United States, No. 18-5103
(D.C. Cir. Jan. 29, 2019) (per curiam).
                                                   3
Minute Order of August 30, 2018. See id. at 1. The parties were again instructed to meet and

confer and to submit a joint report, and Plaintiff was specifically directed to promptly contact

opposing counsel to begin the meet-and-confer process. See id. He was also explicitly warned

that if he failed to meet and confer, or to attend the rescheduled ISC, the matter may be

dismissed for want of prosecution or for violation of the Court’s orders. See id.

       On October 10, 2018, Plaintiff filed his Fourth Renewed Motion for Reasonable and

Meaningful Accommodations, for Appointment of Counsel, and to Transfer the Case (“Fourth

Combined Motion”). ECF No. 41. On November 1, 2018, Federal Defendants filed another

motion for an extension of time to file a joint status report in advance of the rescheduled ISC,

ECF No. 42, reporting that Plaintiff had once again failed to respond in any manner to their

repeated attempts to contact him. The Court issued Orders on November 5, 2018, ECF No. 43,

and December 6, 2018, Min. Order of Dec. 6, 2018, vacating the ISC and waiving the

requirement to submit a joint statement. Based on the circumstances, the Court directed Federal

Defendants to respond to Plaintiff’s Fourth Combined Motion and to file a motion to dismiss for

failure to prosecute, if they were so inclined. See ECF No. 43; Min. Order of Dec. 6, 2018. In

these Orders, the Court once again highlighted Plaintiff’s lack of compliance and the attendant

consequences. See ECF No. 43, Min. Order of Dec. 6, 2018.

       Federal Defendants filed the instant motion to dismiss for lack of prosecution and non-

compliance, ECF No. 45 (“MTD”), on December 17, 2018. On December 29, 2018, Plaintiff

filed a response to the Court’s Orders of November 5 and December 6, 2018, combined with a

Fifth Renewed Motion for Reasonable and Meaningful Accommodations, for Appointment of

Counsel, and to Transfer the Case (“Fifth Combined Motion”). See ECF No. 46. On December

31, Plaintiff filed a motion to strike, apparently directed at Federal Defendants’ motion to

                                                 4
dismiss. See ECF No. 49 (“MTS”). On January 2, 2019, the Court again advised Plaintiff of his

obligations to specifically respond to Federal Defendants’ pending motion to dismiss, providing

him with a deadline of January 16, 2019. ECF No. 48. On January 31, 2019, Plaintiff filed a

response to the Court’s Order of January 2, 2019 (“Second Response”). See ECF No. 50.

II.    Legal Standard

       Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b), “[i]f the plaintiff fails to prosecute or to

comply with [the Federal Rules] or a court order, a defendant may move to dismiss the action or

any claim against it.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b); see also LCvR 83.23 (“A dismissal for failure to

prosecute may be ordered by the Court upon motion by an adverse party, or upon the Court’s

own motion.”).2 “A Rule 41(b) dismissal is proper if, in view of the entire procedural history of

the case, the litigant has not manifested reasonable diligence in pursuing the cause.” Bomate v.

Ford Motor Co., 761 F.2d 713, 714 (D.C. Cir. 1985) (per curiam). Dismissal may be supported

by “evidence in the record of ‘bad faith, deliberate misconduct, or tactical delay.’” Gardner v.

United States, 211 F.3d 1305, 1309 (D.C. Cir. 2000) (quoting Trakas v. Quality Brands, Inc.,

759 F.2d 185, 188 (D.C. Cir. 1985)).

       The D.C. Circuit has further held that the considerations relevant to the determination of

a Rule 41(b) motion include: (1) the effect of a plaintiff’s conduct on the court’s docket, (2)

whether the defendant has been prejudiced by the plaintiff’s conduct, and (3) whether deterrence

“is necessary to protect the integrity of the judicial system.” Bristol Petroleum Corp. v. Harris,

901 F.2d 165, 167 (D.C. Cir. 1990) (citation omitted). A malfeasant party places a severe burden

on the judicial system if “the court [is required] to expend considerable judicial resources in the

2
 Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16(f)(1), the Court also may levy sanctions against a
party, including dismissal, for failing to appear at a scheduling conference or for failing to obey a
pretrial order. See Freedom Watch, Inc. v. U.S. Dep’t of State, 324 F.R.D. 20, 23 (D.D.C. 2018).
                                                  5
future in addition to those it has already wasted.” Gardner, 211 F.3d at 1309 (citations omitted)

(first alteration in original).

        “The court’s authority to dismiss a case for failure to prosecute or failure to follow the

court’s orders is not discarded simply because a plaintiff is proceeding pro se.” Allen v. United

States, 277 F.R.D. 221, 223 (D.D.C. 2011). Although a pro se plaintiff is afforded leeway in

prosecuting his case, “such leeway does not constitute a license for a plaintiff filing pro se to

ignore the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure,” a court’s local rules, or a court’s orders. See

Moore v. Robbins, 24 F. Supp. 3d 88, 97 (D.D.C. 2014) (internal quotation marks omitted).

III.    Analysis

        The Court will first address Plaintiff’s pending motions and filings before proceeding to

Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss.

        A.       Plaintiff’s Pending Motions & Filings

                 1.      Plaintiff’s Fourth Combined Motion

        In his Fourth Combined Motion, which was partly addressed in the Court’s Order of

November 5, 2018, see ECF No. 43, Plaintiff again requests “reasonable and meaningful

accommodations” and the appointment of counsel. See Fourth Combined Mot. ¶¶ 8–10, 20–23,

27–28, 30, 30–33. He also again requests that the Court transfer the action, either to the District

of Maryland or the Central District of California. See id. ¶¶ 4, 11.

        Plaintiff claims that he is unable to meet and confer with the Federal Defendants because

he has visual, speech, and mobility impairments. Id. ¶¶ 7, 16, 21, 24. He does not explain why,

despite his clear ability to understand the Court’s orders and respond in writing to them, he is

nevertheless unable to respond in any way to Federal Defendants’ repeated attempts to contact

him, including by letter. See ECF No. 38 ¶¶ 2–3; ECF No. 39; ECF No. 42 ¶ 5; ECF No. 42-1.

Plaintiff has not demonstrated any difficulty with written correspondence or submissions. To the
                                                  6
contrary, he has filed copious and lengthy documents in this matter. Thus, he has not shown that

he needs accommodations, regardless of whether he would even be entitled to them, to confer in

writing with opposing counsel, file a status report, or file an opposition to Federal Defendants’

motion to dismiss. Moreover, though he requests use of audio-visual technology at future oral

arguments, motions hearings, and trial, see Fourth Combined Mot. ¶ 8, those premature requests

do not bear on his ability to comply with the orders of the Court or the local rules at this stage of

the proceedings.

       Plaintiff further indicates that the only way he can participate in an ISC is with appointed

counsel. And it appears that Plaintiff refuses to attend any ISC, remotely or otherwise, until his

ultimatum for appointment of counsel is met. Id. ¶¶ 27, 30–33. But the Court already denied

Plaintiff’s request for counsel, pursuant to the Order issued on April 6, 2017. See ECF No. 20.

And Plaintiff merely reiterates in his most recent request the same bases for the appointment of

counsel he provided in his initial motion. Compare ECF No. 19 ¶¶ 2, 4–5, 14, 21, with Fourth

Combined Mot. ¶¶ 8–10, 20–23, 27–28, 30, 32–33. The Court sees no reason to depart from its

initial determination now. As explained, civil litigants have neither a constitutional right nor a

statutory right to the assistance of counsel. See ECF No. 20 (citing Willis v. F.B.I., 274 F.3d 531,

532–33 (D.C. Cir. 2001)). Where, as here, a party is proceeding in forma pauperis, the Court

may appoint counsel if warranted upon consideration of the factors set forth in Local Civil Rule

83.11(b)(3). But having again considered those factors and the limited availability of pro bono

resources, the Court still finds, at the very least, that appointment of counsel is unwarranted prior

                                                  7
to Plaintiff’s participation in the meet and confer process, attendance at an ISC, or resolving the

pending motion to dismiss.3

        Lastly, the Court will again deny Plaintiff’s renewed request to transfer this matter. The

Court already denied Plaintiff’s requests to transfer this matter to the District of Maryland and

sees no reason to revisit that decision. See ECF No. 29 at 2 n.2. Because the incident giving rise

to this action occurred in the District of Columbia, see Compl. ¶¶ 16–17, the Court found that

venue is proper in the District of Columbia, see ECF No. 29 at 2 n.2. And Plaintiff did not

provide any basis upon which this Court could transfer the case to Maryland. Id. (citing 28

U.S.C. §§ 1404, 1406). Plaintiff now again moves to transfer the case to either the District of

Maryland or the Central District of California, but he still fails to provide any basis justifying

either transfer.

        Plaintiff admits that the relevant incident occurred in Washington, D.C. Id. ¶¶ 2, 4. In

large part, Plaintiff argues that this case should be transferred because he disagrees with the

fairness of this Court’s prior decisions, expressed in inflammatory, sweeping accusations levied

against this Court and others. See id. ¶¶ 1–6, 34–39. This is not a valid basis for transfer. See

Smith v. Yeager, 234 F. Supp. 3d 50, 55 (D.D.C. 2017) (outlining the factors to be considered

when a party moves to transfer venue). He also argues that, because he is “not a legal resident”

of the District of Columbia, venue is improper. Fourth Combined Mot. ¶ 4. But 28 U.S.C.

§ 1402(b) specifically provides that “[a]ny civil action on a tort claim against the United States

3
  The Court further notes that Federal Defendants in their first motion to dismiss only argued that
Plaintiff’s remaining counts—claims of negligence and intentional infliction of emotional
distress against Federal Defendants under the FTCA—should be dismissed because they were
time-barred. See ECF No. 16-1 at 5. They did not address the merits of Plaintiff’s claims. The
Court, however, has considerable doubts, in part made clear in the Court’s discussion of the
District of Columbia’s motion to dismiss the claims against it, see ECF No. 29 at 8–10, that
Plaintiff has stated claims upon which relief can be granted.
                                                  8
under [the FTCA] may be prosecuted . . . in the judicial district . . . wherein the act or omission

complained of occurred.” Accordingly, Plaintiff’s Fourth Combined Motion will be denied.

               2.      Plaintiff’s Fifth Combined Motion, Second Response, and Motion to
                       Strike

       Plaintiff’s Fifth Combined Motion, Second Response, and motion to strike all duplicate

the requests for relief contained within the Fourth Combined Motion. He also makes one

additional argument—namely, that he has not received Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss.

See, e.g., Fifth Combined Mot. at 9–10; Second Response at 4–9; MTS at 5–8. But this new

allegation is similarly without merit.

       To the extent Plaintiff seeks to strike Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss on the

ground that they failed to properly serve the motion on him, see Second Response at 9, Plaintiff’s

argument must fail. As an initial matter, the Court notes that “motions to strike only apply to

pleadings,” Nwachukwu v. Rooney, 362 F. Supp. 2d 183, 190 (D.D.C. 2005) (citing Fed. R. Civ.

P. 12(f)), and Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss is not a pleading as defined in Federal Rule

of Civil Procedure 7(a). Moreover, none of the bases for striking a pleading under Rule 12(f)—

raising “an insufficient defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous

matter”—appear to include failure to properly serve a party with that pleading.

       Nonetheless, even if Federal Defendants’ motion were subject to a motion to strike and

failure to properly serve was a proper ground to strike that motion, Plaintiff’s allegations have no

merit. Despite his contentions to the contrary, Federal Defendants have in fact attached signed

certificates of service with all of their filings, including the motion to dismiss. See ECF 45-1.

The certificate accompanying Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss avers that the motion was

mailed to the Plaintiff at his address of record. Id. Indeed, Plaintiff does not dispute that the

Rockville address is correct. See, e.g., Fourth Combined Mot. at 16; Fifth Combined Mot. at 10.

                                                  9
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5(b)(2)(C) states that proper service is accomplished by

“mailing [a copy] to the person’s last known address—in which event service is complete upon

mailing.” Service is deemed complete at the moment the document is properly posted and

deposited for mailing. United States v. Kennedy, 133 F.3d 53, 59 (D.C. Cir. 1998). Under Rule

5(b), Federal Defendants are only obligated to show that they mailed a copy of the motion to

Plaintiff, and not that he actually received it. Id.

        Furthermore, the Court notes that Plaintiff has acknowledged Federal Defendants’ efforts

to serve him with documents by mail. In October 2018, Plaintiff stated that Federal Defendants

are “constantly trying to send him mail,” but that he takes umbrage with some of their attempts

to send him mail via certified, restricted, or registered delivery. Fourth Combined Mot. ¶ 35. He

then describes his intention to reject any future mailings and to instruct the Postal Service to

return them to the senders. See id. This behavior is tantamount to intentional evasion of service.

        Beyond his claim that he never received Federal Defendants’ motion, Plaintiff in these

filings merely reiterates the arguments for accommodations, to appoint counsel, and to transfer

the case that he made in his Fourth Combined Motion—arguments the Court has already

addressed— and thus the Court will deny Plaintiff’s Fifth Combined Motion, his motion to

strike, and the requests he makes in his Second Response to the Court.

        B.      Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss

        Turning finally to Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss, Federal Defendants seek

dismissal of the action under Rule 41(b) based on Plaintiff’s repeated failures to comply with the

Court’s orders and both the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and this Court’s local rules. MTD

at 1. They also highlight Plaintiff’s refusal to respond to their efforts to confer over the course

                                                   10
of several months. Id. at 7. As to Federal Defendants’ characterization of Plaintiff’s conduct,

the Court finds that the record in this matter, as examined in more detail below, speaks for itself.

       Plaintiff has exhibited a pattern of disregard, and at times has outright flouted the Court’s

orders. This pattern began as early as March 2017 and has continued and intensified to date. He

has failed to heed numerous warnings regarding the consequences of failing to comply with such

orders. See, e.g., ECF No. 18 (Jan. 27, 2017), ECF No. 20 (Apr. 6, 2017); Min. Order of May 3,

2017; ECF No. 40 (Sept. 25, 2018); ECF No. 43 (Nov. 5, 2018); ECF No. 48 (Jan. 2, 2019).

And he has made no effort to communicate responsively or cooperatively with the Court or

opposing counsel and has declined to genuinely litigate this case. See MTD at 7–8 (citing

examples).

       As Federal Defendants outline in their motion to dismiss, Plaintiff has, in particular,

failed to comply with any of the Court’s directives or the applicable federal and local rules

regarding advancing this litigation forward following the resolution of Federal Defendants’ first

motion to dismiss. On August 30, 2018, after Federal Defendants answered Plaintiff’s remaining

claims, the Court entered a Minute Order scheduling an ISC and ordering the parties “to meet,

confer, and submit a joint report pursuant to FRCP 26(f) and Local Rule 16.3.” On September

25, 2018, Federal Defendants filed a motion seeking an extension of time to file the joint report,

representing that counsel had called Plaintiff multiple times and had sent two letters to Plaintiff’s

address of record but received no response. See ECF No. 38 ¶¶ 2–3. Accordingly, the Court

entered an order rescheduling the ISC and stating:

                     Plaintiff shall promptly contact counsel for the remaining
               Defendants . . . to begin the meet-and-confer process. Plaintiff is
               warned that, if he fails to meet and confer with the remaining
               Defendants, or if he fails to attend the scheduling conference on
               November 8, 2018, this case may be dismissed for want of
               prosecution or for violation of the Court’s orders.

                                                 11
ECF No. 40 at 1–2. Rather than heed those instructions, on October 10, 2018, Plaintiff instead

filed his Fourth Combined Motion, in which he states his outright refusal to attend scheduling

conferences based on his dissatisfaction that the case was not transferred or that counsel was not

appointed.

       On November 1, 2018, Federal Defendants filed another motion seeking an extension of

time to file a joint report, again representing that they had attempted to contact Plaintiff at his

Maryland address, as Plaintiff has specifically requested, but received no response. See ECF No.

42. Accordingly, the Court vacated the ISC, noted Plaintiff’s continued failure to comply with

the Court’s orders, and instructed Federal Defendants, if they believed the action should be

dismissed under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b), to file a motion for dismissal. ECF No.

43. In response to that order, Plaintiff filed his Fifth Combined Motion, once again requesting

accommodations, the appointment of counsel, and transfer of the case. See ECF No. 46. But he

still fails to explain why, despite his ability to file multiple, lengthy motions and the Court’s

observation that such conduct indicates he should be able to participate at least to some degree in

the meet-and-confer process, see ECF No. 43 at 1, Plaintiff was unable to respond in any respect

to Federal Defendants’ repeated attempts to contact him.

       On January 15, 2019, after the Court instructed Plaintiff to respond to Federal

Defendants’ motion or risk dismissal of the action, Plaintiff filed a response in which he claimed

that he had not received a copy of Federal Defendants’ motion. See Second Response at 4. As

already explained, the Court is skeptical of that claim, particularly given Plaintiff’s previous

suggestions that he would reject any attempt to serve filings on him by mail. See Fourth

Combined Mot. ¶ 35. But regardless, Plaintiff asserts that he has been informed of the contents

                                                  12
of the motion,4 and in his own filing, he does substantively respond to Federal Defendants’

arguments for dismissal, disputing their representations that they had attempted to contact him

and further noting that dismissal without prejudice, as they recommended, would bar him from

refiling in a different district due to the statute of limitations. See Second Response at 6; MTS at

5–6. Plaintiff offers no evidence that either supports his contention that Federal Defendants did

not try to contact him or rebuts their documentation that shows otherwise. See ECF No. 39-1,

Ex. B (letters addressed to Plaintiff’s Rockville, Maryland address); ECF No. 42-1 (same). Nor

does Plaintiff describe any attempt of his own to contact Federal Defendants and work to move

the litigation forward.

       In sum, Plaintiff fails to offer any credible or compelling response to Federal Defendants’

motion. Rather, his repeated filings have merely re-raised demands already denied by the Court.

He describes no attempts to comply with the Court’s instructions, and his repeated rebukes of the

Court’s orders have only obstructed the progress of this matter and prevented it from progressing

towards resolution. This behavior suggest that Plaintiff’s obduracy will merely continue and that

he has little interest in genuinely litigating his claims in this Court. For those reasons, the Court

finds that deterrence is required, and that this Court’s docket, already negatively affected, will

4
  Specifically, Plaintiff states that he is in contact with “undisclosed individuals” who have
access to the Court’s electronic docket, and that those individuals have apprised him of the
contents of Federal Defendants’ motion. See Second Response at 5–6. Purportedly relying on
those sources, Plaintiff is able to cite to specific portions of the motion and offer arguments in
opposition. In fact, it appears his “undisclosed” sources have described the motion in such detail
that Plaintiff can accurately quote specific language from the motion. See id. at 6; MTS at 6
(both quoting MTD at 9 n.3). At bottom, even assuming arguendo that Plaintiff never received a
copy of the motion by mail, it is clear that he has been able to access it and meaningfully
respond. Furthermore, because the basis of Federal Defendants’ motion—Plaintiff’s failure to
comply with the Court’s directives and the federal and local rules—is conduct that this Court has
repeatedly pointed out to Plaintiff, he has had numerous opportunities to explain his failure to
comply.
                                                  13
continue to be obstructed if this matter continues as it has. See Bristol Petroleum Corp., 901
F.2d at 167 (noting that courts should consider the “effect of a plaintiff’s dilatory or

contumacious conduct on the court’s docket” and “whether deterrence is necessary to protect the

integrity of the judicial system” when deciding whether to dismiss a case under Rule 41(b)).

       As for an appropriate sanction, these circumstances strongly weigh in favor of dismissal

for failure to prosecute and to abide by this Court’s orders. The authority to dismiss suits has

long been recognized as “necessary in order to prevent undue delays in the disposition of

pending cases and to avoid congestion” in the courts. Link v. Wabash R.R. Co., 629–30 (1962);

see also Peterson v. Archstone Cmtys. LLC, 637 F.3d 416, 418 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (noting that

district courts have discretion to dismiss actions for failure to prosecute provided that they

explain why dismissal is necessary under the circumstances of the case).

       Nonetheless, the Court is mindful of the Circuit’s directive that sanctions must be

proportionate to the misconduct and that “dismissal is a sanction of last resort to be applied only

after less dire alternatives have been explored without success.” Trakas, 759 F.2d at 186–87. To

mitigate the severity of dismissal, Federal Defendants’ suggest that the action be dismissed

without prejudice, in which case Plaintiff could refile his complaint in the District of Maryland

where he apparently wants to litigate this matter. See MTD at 9 n.3. But as Plaintiff rightly

points out, it appears that the statute of limitations has run on his remaining claims, see ECF No.

29 at 7–8; Second Response ¶ 6, and thus dismissal without prejudice would in effect serve as a

dismissal with prejudice. Although, for the reasons articulated, the Court finds that Plaintiff’s

conduct would otherwise warrant dismissal, the harshness of that sanction in this particular case

leads the Court to afford Plaintiff a final opportunity to comply with the Court’s instructions and

                                                 14
litigate this case. Therefore, the Court will defer ruling on Federal Defendants’ motion to

dismiss. If Plaintiff fails to meet those obligations, this action will be dismissed promptly.

IV.    Conclusion and Order

       For all the foregoing reasons, it is hereby ORDERED that Plaintiff’s Fourth Combined

Motion, ECF No. 41, his Fifth Combined Motion, ECF No. 41, his Motion to Strike, ECF No.

49, and his requests for relief in his Second Response to the Court, ECF No. 50, are DENIED.

       It is further ORDERED that the parties shall confer, whether in person, via telephone, or

thorough written correspondence, and submit a joint report pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil

Procedure 26(f) and Local Rule 16.3 no later than March 15, 2019, at which point the Court will

set a date for a scheduling conference. This is Plaintiff’s final opportunity to litigate this matter.

If Plaintiff fails to respond to Federal Defendants’ attempts to contact him or otherwise

neglects to meaningfully confer with Federal Defendants or participate in the filing of a

joint report before the March 15 deadline, for the reasons explained in this opinion,

Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Prosecution, ECF No. 45, will be

granted, and this action will be dismissed.

                                                               /s/ Timothy J. Kelly
                                                               TIMOTHY J. KELLY
                                                               United States District Judge

Date: February 15, 2019

                                                  15