Court Opinion

ID: 4547898
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-07-13 20:00:29.339164+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:55:24.815804
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                         FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUL 13 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ANDREW GRANT; ROBIN REISINGER,                  No.    19-15129

                Plaintiffs-Appellants,          D.C. No.
                                                1:16-cv-00451-LEK-RLP
and

SANDRA DENISE KELLY,                            MEMORANDUM*

                Plaintiff,

 v.

MARRIOTT OWNERSHIP RESORTS,
INC.; DOES, 1-100,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                              for the District of Hawaii
                   Leslie E. Kobayashi, District Judge, Presiding

                              Submitted July 9, 2020**
                                 Honolulu, Hawaii

Before: OWENS, FRIEDLAND, and R. NELSON, Circuit Judges.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      Plaintiffs Andrew Grant and Robin Reisinger sued Marriott Ownership

Resorts, Inc. (“MORI”) alleging employment discrimination. After a nine-day

trial, the jury found MORI not liable. Plaintiffs now appeal the district court’s

refusal to provide a jury instruction on the “cat’s paw” theory of employer liability.

Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we will not recount them here. We

have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      “Failure to submit a proper jury instruction is a question of law reviewable

by this court de novo.” 999 v. C.I.T. Corp., 776 F.2d 866, 871 (9th Cir. 1985).

“Whether there is sufficient evidence to support an instruction is reviewed for

abuse of discretion.” Yan Fang Du v. Allstate Ins. Co., 697 F.3d 753, 757 (9th Cir.

2012).

      The proposed cat’s paw instruction would have instructed the jury that

MORI was liable if Xee Her (“Her”), Plaintiffs’ supervisor, was motivated by

Plaintiffs’ race and intended that his actions would cause Plaintiffs to suffer an

adverse employment action, and if Greg Grigaitis (“Grigaitis”), Director of Sales

and Marketing, would not have decided to terminate Plaintiffs in the absence of

Her’s warnings. But this instruction was unnecessary because the evidence at trial

made abundantly clear that Grigaitis, who made the final termination decision, was

not an independent decisionmaker, instead relying on the information Her, the

allegedly discriminatory supervisor, gave him. Witnesses testified that Her issued

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the disciplinary forms that were the basis for Plaintiffs’ terminations and was in

charge of investigating a complaint that plaintiff Grant made another associate feel

threatened. The district court thus did not abuse its discretion in holding that there

was not sufficient evidence that Grigaitis was held out as an independent

decisionmaker to support a cat’s paw instruction.

      In any event, the agency-based corporate liability instruction enabled the

jury to adequately consider whether MORI was liable for Plaintiffs’ terminations

based on Her’s allegedly discriminatory conduct. See Jones v. Williams, 297 F.3d
930, 935 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding district court did not abuse its discretion where it

offered “other instructions that enabled the jury to consider [the] issue

adequately”). Indeed, Plaintiffs’ own counsel argued that instruction enabled the

jury to find MORI liable for Her’s discriminatory actions in orchestrating the

terminations.

      Because the district court properly exercised its discretion in finding there

was not a sufficient evidentiary basis for the cat’s paw instruction, and because it

provided an instruction that MORI was liable for its agents’ conduct, the judgment

is affirmed.

      AFFIRMED.

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