Court Opinion

ID: 3219504
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-01 20:25:47.540295+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:46:13.158930
License: Public Domain

Opinion issued June 30, 2016

                                        In The

                                Court of Appeals
                                       For The

                           First District of Texas
                              ————————————
                                NO. 01-15-00787-CV
                             ———————————
           IN THE INTEREST OF I.R.H. AND Z.T.H., CHILDREN

                    On Appeal from the 310th District Court
                             Harris County, Texas
                       Trial Court Case No. 2014-27741

                           MEMORANDUM OPINION

      We are presented with two issues in this family law case: whether the trial

court abused its discretion in denying appellant’s motion for continuance, and

whether the trial court abused its discretion in striking appellant’s request for a jury

trial. We reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand for a new a trial.
                                 BACKGROUND

      On February 21, 2014, appellee M. Hajali filed a Petition to Modify Parent-

Child Relationship in Bexar County. On April 10, 2014, appellant M. Yun filed a

Counter-Petition to Modify Parent Child Relationship. On April 16, 2014, the

Bexar County court granted Hajali’s motion to transfer the case to Harris County.

      On May 14, 2015, the Harris County court signed a scheduling order setting

a pre-trial hearing on August 10, 2015, and a trial date of August 11, 2015.

A.    Yun’s Attorney Withdraws

      On June 30, 2015, Yun’s attorney, T. Sharretts, filed a verified motion to

withdraw as Yun’s counsel. Her motion requested that she be allowed to withdraw

pursuant to “Texas Rules of Professional Conduct 1.15(b)(2) through (7), and

Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 10.” She listed as the reasons, “among others”:

          Failure of Respondent to comply with her agreement with Attorney
           relative to payment and reimbursement to Attorney for legal expenses
           for this case;

          Failure of Respondent to communicate with Attorney about the merits
           of her case;

          Respondent signing Attorney’s name without consent to legal
           documents, then filing in the clerk’s records, and serving opposing
           counsel for the subject case;

          Respondent refused to follow Attorney’s advice relative to settlement
           instead of trial subject to the results of the psychological evaluations
           ordered by this court.

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      The motion stated that Sharretts had sent a copy of the motion to Yun at her

last known email addresses, and through regular and certified mail to her last

known addresses informing Yun of her right to object to Sharretts’s withdrawal.

Sharretts’s motion states that Yun indicated to Sharretts that she did not object to

her withdrawing as her counsel.

      On July 10, 2015, the trial court signed an order finding notice had been

given to Yun of any pending settings or deadlines, and that there was good cause

shown supporting the motion to withdraw.          Accordingly, the court granted

Sharretts’s motion to withdraw.

B.    Pretrial and Trial Proceedings

      On July 31, 2015, Hajali—through counsel—filed (1) an Amended Petition

to Modify Parent-Child Relationship, and (2) a proposed jury charge, including

proposed submission on the issues of conservatorship of the children, who should

have the right to designate the primary residence of the child, and the amount of

reasonable attorneys’ fees for Hajali’s attorney and the amicus attorney. Yun filed

a “Counter-Petitioner’s Response to Amended Petition to Modify Parent-Child

Relationship.” In that response, she asked that the standard possession order

remain in place, but asked that geographical restriction be placed on Hajali’s right

to designate the children’s place of residence because he had moved the children

six times in the previous five years.

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      On August 10, 2015, a pretrial hearing was held, which at one point turned

to Yun’s request for a continuance, which the trial court denied. Then the court

granted Hajali’s request that Yun’s jury demand be stricken for failure to comply

with local rules requiring the exchange of exhibits, motions in limine, proposed

parenting plan, etc.:

             COURT: What else may I assist you here this morning?
             [HAJALI’S COUNSEL]: Your Honor, we filed our motion in
      limine. She has not filed. We sent – when the attorney withdrew, we
      sent to both addresses that we were provided for her. We have not
      received any documents from her. We have our motion in limine that
      we have provided. I filed with the court. We have filed our proposed
      parenting plan. We have filed our suggested relief. We filed our
      proposed child support. We filed our FIS. We’ve previously -- I have
      previously exchanged dates with her former attorney, not received any
      exhibits. I have exhibits here, the same thing with the exception of the
      updated attorney’s fees that were previously filed and also with the
      Dr. Anderson's report --
             ....
           THE COURT: [D]id did you have a proposed parenting plan,
      any motion in limine, and any proposed exhibits here this morning?
             MS. YUN: I do not. I’m not prepared, your Honor.
             [HAJALI’S COUNSEL]: Your Honor, then I would ask the
      Court to strike her request for a jury trial and we proceed on a bench
      trial.
             THE COURT: And that’s going to be granted.
             MS. YUN: Your Honor, may I speak?
             THE COURT: Sure.
            MS. YUN: Okay. First of all, I know that my previous attorney
      had requested discovery. This is back in January of this year. And
      they did not provide any of those documents.
             [HAJALI’S COUNSEL]: Your Honor, we --

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             MS. YUN: The psychological evaluation, I need a third party to
      at least re-evaluate it. I have been severely prejudiced because my
      attorney did not provide that to me. I also have a document here that
      states that the psychologist did not provide that to me either. And so if
      we move forward, I am severely prejudiced. I do not feel that I should
      be – we should be moving forward due to several of those reasons.
      And also, I did seek attorney counsel after I found out my attorney
      withdrew, but the family – there was a family law conference in San
      Antonio where the attorneys -- majority of the attorneys were out of
      town. And even if they took my case, they didn’t have the time to
      prepare so they said that in order to move forward, we need to get a
      continuance in order to have a fair trial. So I’m asking if we can go
      ahead and move forward with the jury trial, which is my right and --
            THE COURT: And I have struck your request for a jury trial,
      ma’am, as you have -- you came in this morning not prepared. And
      there are local rules that are required of documentation that you’re
      required to have for jury trials and that has not been presented to the
      Court, so I’m striking your request for jury trial, but will allow you to
      proceed on a court trial tomorrow.
      A three day bench trial was held from August, 11, 2015 to August 13, 2015.

C.    The Trial Court’s Judgment

      The trial court entered a judgment on August 20, 2015. That judgment

stated that the Court had stricken Yun’s request for a jury trial due to her “failure

to comply with discovery, including her failure to comply with the local rules, and

her failure to be prepared to go forward on a jury trial by filing appropriate

documents at the time of the pretrial hearing. Additionally, at the time of the

pretrial hearing, Respondent had failed to pay the Court ordered amicus fees.

Based on the foregoing, all questions of fact and law were submitted to the Court.”

                                          5
      The trial court’s judgment continued the parties as joint managing

conservators, with Hajali as the parent with “the exclusive right to designate the

primary residence of the children without regard to geographic location,” as well as

numerous other exclusive rights to make decisions regarding the children. Yun

was granted supervised visits with the children and ordered to pay $792.01 per

month in child support.     The court additionally ordered Yun to pay Hajali’s

attorneys fees:

      IT IS ORDERED that good cause exists to award [Hajali’s attorney]
      judgment in the amount of Forty Thousand Five Hundred Thirty-Four
      Dollars and Sixty-Eight Cents ($40,534.68) for reasonable attorney’s
      fees, expenses, and costs incurred by Mohamed Hajali, with interest at
      5% percent per year compounded annually, from the date the
      judgment is signed until paid. The judgment, for which let execution
      issue, is awarded against Mi Song Yun formerly known as Mi Song
      Hajali, Respondent and in favor of [Hajali’s attorney].

      Respondent is ORDERED to pay the fees, expenses, costs, and
      interest to [Hajali’s attorney] . . . . by cash, cashier’s check, or money
      order on or before October 19, 2015. [Hajali’s attorney] may enforce
      this judgment for fees, expenses, and costs in the attorney’s own name
      by any means available for the enforcement of a judgment for debt.

      The judgment orders Hajali to pay $4,093.75 and Yun to pay $ 5,593.75 in

amicus attorney’s fees.

                                  ISSUES ON APPEAL

      Yun raises two issues on appeal:

      (1)    Did the trial court abuse its discretion in denying appellant’s motion
             for continuance when her lawyer had, less than 30 days before trial
             without notifying appellant, withdrawn from the case?

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      (2)    Did the trial court err in denying appellant’s timely and specific
             request to try the case to a jury?

                                 JURY DEMAND

      In her second issue, Yun argues that the trial court’s striking her jury

demand and requiring her to instead proceed with a bench trial was reversible

error. We agree.

      A.     Applicable Law and Standard of Review

      The Texas Constitution guarantees the right to trial by jury. See TEX. CONST.

art. I, § 15. In order to be entitled to a trial by jury, a party must file a written

request for a jury trial and pay a jury fee a reasonable time before trial. TEX.

CONST. art. V, § 10 (stating that “no jury shall be empaneled in any civil case

unless demanded by a party to the case, and a jury fee be paid by the party

demanding a jury, for such sum, and with such exceptions as may be prescribed by

the Legislature”). Moreover, a party may not have a jury trial in any civil suit

“unless a written request for a jury trial is filed with the clerk of the court a

reasonable time before the date set for trial of the cause on the non-jury docket, but

not less than thirty days in advance.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 216. A request for a jury trial

made in advance of the thirty-day deadline is presumed to have been made at a

reasonable time before trial. Sims v. Fitzpatrick, 288 S.W.3d 93, 102 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, no pet.) (citing Halsell v. Dehoyos, 810 S.W.2d 371, 371

                                          7
(Tex. 1991); In re J.N.F., 116 S.W.3d 426, 436 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]

2003, no pet.)).

      We review a court’s denial of the right to a jury trial under an abuse of

discretion standard. See Mercedes–Benz Credit Corp. v. Rhyne, 925 S.W.2d 664,

666 (Tex. 1996); Sims, 288 S.W.3d at 102. We consider the entire record and will

find an abuse of discretion only when the trial court’s decision was arbitrary,

unreasonable, and without reference to guiding principles. Mercedes–Benz Credit,
925 S.W.2d at 666; Sims, 288 S.W.3d at 102.

      “The refusal to grant a timely requested jury trial is harmless error only if

the record shows that no material issues of fact exist and an instructed verdict

would have been justified.” Sims, 288 S.W.3d at 102; see also Caldwell v. Barnes,

154 S.W.3d 93, 98 (Tex. 2004) (“The wrongful denial of a jury trial is harmful

when the case contains a question of material fact.”).

      B.     Analysis

      It is undisputed that Yun demanded a jury trial and paid the jury fee months

before the trial setting, and that the parties were set on the jury docket. The trial

court’s stated reasons for striking Yun’s jury demand were her (1) “failure to

comply with discovery, including her failure to comply with the local rules,” (2)

her failure to be prepared to go forward on a jury trial by filing appropriate

documents at the time of the pretrial hearing,” and (3) failure to pay amicus fees

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before the pre-trial hearing. Based on these articulated reasons, the court struck

Yun’s jury demand at Hajali’s urging as a sanction, although the court did not label

it as such.

       Here, Hajali does not cite any authority in support of the proposition that

striking a party’s jury demand is an appropriate sanction for any of these

infractions. Indeed, he cites no authority in support of his one-sentence argument

that striking Yun’s jury demand was not error.

       While the imposition of sanctions is reviewed under an abuse of discretion

standard, an “appellate court must ensure there is a direct nexus between the

improper conduct and the sanction imposed.” Low v. Henry, 221 S.W.3d 609, 614

(Tex. 2007). And a sanction should be no more severe than necessary to satisfy its

legitimate purpose. Hamill v. Level, 917 S.W.2d 15, 16 (Tex. 1996). The trial

court’s sanction does not fit this criteria.

       Our own review of the trial court’s local rules demonstrate that there are

certain financial documents the parties are required to exchange ten days before

trial, regardless of whether the trial is to the bench or a jury. When child support

and medical support is at issue, the local rules provide additional financial

disclosures. The local rules further provide that failure to comply with these

obligations may be grounds for discovery sanctions under Rule 215 of the Texas

Rules of Civil Procedure. Nothing in Rule 215 provides for the striking of a jury

                                               9
demand as a sanction for failure to timely answer discovery. In fact, we have

previously held that a jury demand survives even death-penalty sanctions for

discovery abuse. Sims, 288 S.W.3d at 103–04 (holding that imposition of death

penalty sanctions did not deprive party of right to have damages assessed by jury

rather than court). Nothing indicates that Yun was provided notice and a hearing

on the court’s sanction, as required by Rule 215, nor does anything in the record

demonstrate that the court contemplated a different or lesser sanction.

       We have likewise located no authority supporting the trial court’s other

articulated reason for striking Yun’s jury demand, i.e., the failure to pay court-

ordered amicus attorney fees before the pretrial hearing. In the only case we

located that addressed this issue, both the appellee and the amicus attorney argued

successfully in the trial court that the appellant’s jury demand should be stricken

for “failure to pay court-ordered amicus attorney fees” and other conduct the

appellee characterized as “frivolous,” “groundless,” and “harassing.” Nelson v

Nelson, No. 01-13-00816-CV, 2015 WL 1122918, at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st

Dist.] March 12, 2015, pet. filed) (mem. op). On appeal, however, the appellee

conceded that the trial court’s striking the appellant’s jury demand for failure to

pay amicus fees was error, and instead argued that it was harmless. Id. at *3.

      Here, although Hajali does not concede that striking Yun’s jury demand was

erroneous, he nonetheless focuses his briefing on the argument that any error in

                                         10
striking the jury demand was harmless. Specifically, he argues that “Texas Family

Code Section 105.002(c)(2) prohibits the court from submitting to the jury

questions regarding possession, access, or any right or duty other than which party

should have the exclusive right to designate the primary residence of the child.”

From this he reasons that, because Yun was not requesting to be named the party

with the exclusive right to designate the primary residence of their children, there

were no issues that would be proper for a jury to resolve, rendering any error in

striking the demand harmless. “Therefore,” Hijali argues, Yun “fails to show that

the Court abused its discretion by striking the jury and proceeding with a bench

trial, because all remaining issues decided by the court could not have been

decided by a jury, but would have been ruled on by the court” anyway.

      Section 105.002 of the Texas Family Code provides what is appropriate for

submission to the jury:

      § 105.002. Jury
      (a) Except as provided by Subsection (b), a party may demand a jury
      trial.
      (b) A party may not demand a jury trial in:
         (1) a suit in which adoption is sought, including a trial on the issue
         of denial or revocation of consent to the adoption by the managing
         conservator; or
         (2) a suit to adjudicate parentage under Chapter 160.
      (c) In a jury trial:
         (1) a party is entitled to a verdict by the jury and the court may not
         contravene a jury verdict on the issues of:

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            (A) the appointment of a sole managing conservator;
            (B) the appointment of joint managing conservators;
            (C) the appointment of a possessory conservator;
            (D) the determination of which joint managing conservator has
            the exclusive right to designate the primary residence of the
            child;
            (E) the determination of whether to impose a restriction on the
            geographic area in which a joint managing conservator may
            designate the child’s primary residence; and
            (F) if a restriction described by Paragraph (E) is imposed, the
            determination of the geographic area within which the joint
            managing conservator must designate the child's primary
            residence; and
         (2) the court may not submit to the jury questions on the issues of:
            (A) support under Chapter 154 or Chapter 159;
            (B) a specific term or condition of possession of or access to the
            child; or
            (C) any right or duty of a conservator, other than the
            determination of which joint managing conservator has the
            exclusive right to designate the primary residence of the child
            under Subdivision (1)(D).
TEX. FAMILY CODE ANN. § 105.002 (West 2014).

      Hajali’s selective citation of section 105.002(c) in arguing that there were no

issues to be presented to the jury because Yun did not seek to designate the

primary residence of the children under section 105.002(c)(1)(D) ignores that

Yun’s pleading did seek to have geographical restrictions placed on the children’s

residence—an issue also solely within the jury’s province under section

105.002(c). See TEX. FAM. CODE § 105.002(c)(1)(E)&(F) (“[A] party is entitled to

a verdict by the jury and the court may not contravene a jury verdict on the issues

                                         12
of . . . the determination of whether to impose a restriction on the geographic area

in which a joint managing conservator may designate the child’s primary

residence;” and “if a restriction . . . is imposed, the determination of the geographic

area within which the joint managing conservator must designate the child's

primary residence.”).     Because Yun was entitled to have the issue of any

geographical restriction decided by a jury, the trial court’s striking her jury demand

was not harmless.1

      We accordingly sustain Yun’s second issue.

                                      CONCLUSION

      We reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand to the trial court for

reinstatement on the jury docket. In light of our disposition of this issue, we need

not reach the Yun’s first issue contending that the trial court abused its discretion

in denying her request for a continuance to secure the services of a new attorney.

1
      Yun also argues that she was entitled to have the reasonableness of the attorneys’
      fees claimed by Hajali submitted to the jury, and we note that Hajali included such
      a submission in his proposed jury charge.
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                                             Sherry Radack
                                             Chief Justice

Panel consists of Chief Justice Radack and Justices Jennings and Lloyd.

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