Court Opinion

ID: 20074
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 07:30:39+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:17:45.813226
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
                       __________________________________________

                                      No. 99-60184
                                    Summary Calender
                       __________________________________________

                              CANAL INSURANCE COMPANY,

                                                          Plaintiff - Counter Defendant - Appellee,

                                                 v.

                                  DANNY E. SMITH, ET AL.,

                                                                                       Defendants,

                                      THOMAS MURRAY,

                                                         Defendant - Counter Claimant - Appellant

                       __________________________________________

                          Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the Southern District of Mississippi
                                        (3:98-CV-294)
                       __________________________________________
                                             January 20, 2000

Before REYNALDO G. GARZA, HIGGINBOTHAM, and JONES, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:*

                     I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       Defendant, Thomas Murray, was allegedly injured in a motor vehicle accident in Copiah

County, Mississippi, on April 18, 1997, at approximately 6:41 a.m. The accident involved a truck

owned and operated by Thomas Murray, and a log truck owned and operated by Danny E. Smith.

On or about October 9, 1997, Murray filed a civil action in the Circuit Court of Copiah County,

Mississippi, against Tommy Ramsey, Tommy Ramsey d/b/a Tommy Ramsey Trucking, Ramsey

Timber Company, Danny Smith, and Richard Diamond. Canal Insurance Company (Canal), the

   *
    Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the Court has determined that this opinion sho uld not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R.
47.5.4.
plaintiff herein, declined to provide a defense to any of the defendants in the state court action.

       On or about April 23, 1998, Canal filed a civil action against Danny E. Smith, et al.,

seeking declaratory relief from the district court. Specifically, Canal alleges that Danny Smith is

not entitled to coverage under Canal insurance policies numbered 308242 and X02208 because

those policies had lapsed for failure to renew them and were not in effect by the time of the

accident. Canal therefore filed a summary judgment motion, arguing that it is entitled to judgment

as a matter of law declaring that the above-mentioned policies do not obligate it to provide a

defense or indemnification to any of the defendants in connection with the above subject

automobile accident. Murray responded to Canal’s summary judgment motion and filed a cross-

motion for summary judgment. The district court granted Canal’s, but denied Murray’s motion

for summary judgment. Murray also filed a motion to dismiss and motion to stay the district court

proceedings until the conclusion of the state court proceedings, both of which were denied. This

appeal followed.

                                           II    DISCUSSION

                                      A.        Summary Judgment

       Murray contends that the district court committed reversible error by granting Canal’s

motion for summary judgment and denying Murray’s cross-motion for summary judgment. This

court reviews a district court’s grant of a motion for summary judgment de novo and applies the

same criteria employed by the district court. Conkling v. Turner, 18 F.3d 1285, 1295 (5th Cir.

1994). Therefore, this court will reverse the district court’s ruling only if it determines that the

pleadings, affidavits, and other evidence establish that there is a genuine issue of material fact and

that Canal is not entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Gardes Directional Drilling v. United

States Turnkey Explor., 98 F.3d 860, 864 (5th Cir. 1996). See also, FED.R.CIV.P. 56(c). A

dispute about a material fact is “genuine” if the evidence, when viewed in the light most favorable

to the non-moving party, is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the non-moving

party. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 (1986).

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       In accordance with Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938), the district court

applied the law of the State of Mississippi. At issue in this case is whether, under Mississippi

law, Danny Smith’s insurance policies (numbered 3008242 and x022088) remained in effect at the

time of the accident on April 18, 1997. Murray contends that the two policies covered the

accident in question because, according to Murray, Danny Smith was not given proper notice of

cancellation as required by Mississippi law. We find, however, that the district court properly

granted summary judgment in Canal’s favor because the policies in question lapsed prior to the

accident after Smith failed to respond to renewal notices sent to him by Canal.

       The policies in question had an effective policy period from April 5, 1996 to April 5, 1997.

It is undisputed that at the time Danny Smith obtained these policies from the Davis Insurance

Agency, he resided at his mother’s address of 2844 Old Church Drive in Wesson, Mississippi.

According to the testimony of Smith’s mother, he moved out of her house to a new address in

March of 1997. It is also undisputed that no one informed the Davis Insurance Agency of Danny

Smith change of address. Canal presented the district court with affidavit and deposition

testimony indicating that on March 7, 1997 and March 28, 1997, the Davis Insurance Agency

mailed identical notices of renewal to Danny Smith at the Old Church Drive address, which was

the address listed on the policies. These notices stated:

       Your commercial auto policy comes up for renewal on 4-5-97. Your renewal
       premium will be $3,066.12. You can pay a downpayment of $1015,12 and have []
       monthly payments. Please contact me before 4-5-97 and let me know whether or
       not you want to renew this policy.

Additionally, Canal allegedly sent Smith a cancellation notice on April 7, 1997, which states:

       Your commercial auto policy expired on 4-5-97. At this time there is not any
       coverage on your vehicle. If you want to take out a new policy please contact me
       as soon as possible.

       Danny Smith denies having received any of the notices and further alleges that he was

unaware that his policies had lapsed by the time of the accident. However, Smith’s mother

testified that she received at least two envelopes addressed to her son from the Davis Insurance

Agency prior to the accident on April 18, 1997. She testified that she did not open these

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envelopes but instead marked out the old address, placed Danny Smith’s new address on the

envelopes and placed them in the mail. It is also undisputed that Danny Smith’s file at the Davis

Insurance Agency revealed that the only letters or documents sent to Danny Smith from Davis

Insurance Agency from March of 1997 through April of 1997, were the afore-mentioned notices

of renewal and cancellation.

       Murray contends that Danny Smith was not provided proper notice of the cancellation of

his polices in accordance with Sections 83-11-5, 83-11-7, and 83-11-9 of the Mississippi code,

and therefore the policies remained in effect at the time of the April 18, 1997 accident.

However, those sections apply where the insurance company seeks to cancel a policy or refuses

to renew a policy. Those sections do not apply where, as here, the insurance company clearly

indicated a willingness to renew the policy subject to payment of the policy premiums.

       Section 83-11-7 of the Mississippi code provides:

       Non-renewal. No insurer shall fail to renew a policy unless it shall mail or deliver
       to the named insured, at the address shown in the policy, at least thirty (30) days
       advance notice of its intention not to renew. This section shall not apply:

               (a) if the insurer has manifested its willingness to renew, subject to certain
               specified conditions which are the insured; nor . . .

               (c) in cases of nonpayment of premium . . . .

Section 83-11-7 is inapplicable because Canal manifested its willingness to renew the policies

subject to payment of the premiums and Murray never paid those premiums. See Willis v.

Mississippi Farm Bureau Mutual Ins. Co., 481 So.2d 256 (Miss.1985) (holding that where

insurance company sent premium due notice indicating willingness to renew to insured sixteen

days before expiration of policy period, section 83-11-7 required no further notice of nonrenewal

obligation).

       Nor do Sections 83-11-5 or 83-11-9 apply. Section 83-11-5 provides that

       No notice of cancellation of a policy to which Section 83-11-3 applies shall be
       effective unless mailed or delivered by the insurer to the named insured at least
       thirty (30) days prior to the effective date of cancellation; provided however, that
       where cancellation is for nonpayment of premium at least ten (10) days’ notice of
       cancellation accompanied by the reason therefore shall be given. Unless the reason

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       accompanies or is included in the notice of cancellation, the notice of cancellation
       shall state or be accompanied by a statement that upon written request of the
       named insured, mailed or delivered to the insurer not less than fifteen (15) days
       prior to the effective date of cancellation, the insurer will specify the reason for
       such cancellation.

       This section shall not apply to nonrenewal.

Miss. Code Ann. § 83-11-5 (1972)(emphasis added). Section 83-11-9 of the Mississippi Code

provides:

       Proof of mailing of notice of cancellation, or of intention not to renew, or of
       reasons for cancellation to the named insured by a certificate of mailing, at the
       address shown in the policy, shall be sufficient proof of notice.

Miss. Code Ann. § 83-11-9 (1972) (emphasis added).

       Section 83-11-5 is inapplicable because its last sentence provides that it shall not apply to

non-renewal. By its terms, this section is limited to cancellation cases whereas Section 83-11-9

is limited by its terms to cancellation and refusal to renew cases. However, this case is not a

cancellation or a refusal to renew case since Canal offered Murray the opportunity to renew the

subject insurance policies. In this case, the notices sent by Davis Insurance Agency on March 7

and 28 of 1997, to the address listed on the policy, clearly indicated a willingness to renew the

policy subject to the premiums being paid by April 5, 1997. The policy terms and notices made

clear that payment of the renewal premiums was a condition precedent to the continuation of the

coverage under the policies.

       For the afore-mentioned reasons, Sections 83-11-5, 83-11-7, and 83-11-9 of the

Mississippi code do not apply in this case. Thus, nothing in the code cited by Murray requires

more notice than was given. Accordingly, Section 83-11-9's requirement that the insurance

company provide a certificate of mailing to prove that it mailed the premium notices does not

apply in this case. There is no genuine issue of material fact as to whether those notices were

mailed. The undisputed evidence, in the form of an affidavit by a Davis Insurance Agency

Employee, shows that Canal mailed such notices to the address stated on the premiums. The

evidence further shows that those notices were the only mail sent by Davis Insurance Agency to

                                                 5
Danny Smith during the time period in question, and that Murray’s mother received two letters

from Canal and attempted to mail them to her son’s new address. In light of this evidence,

Murray’s bare denial of his having received these notices, unsupported by any other evidence in

the record, is insufficient to create a genuine issue of material fact regarding whether sufficient

notice was given to effect the termination of the insurance policies.

       We further note that even assuming Sections 83-11-5 and 83-11-9 apply, the subject

policies lapsed before the date of the accident because proper notice was given under the terms

of the policy and Mississippi law. Both of the Canal policies provide as follows:

       10. Cancellation: This policy may be canceled by the named insured by surrender
       thereof to the company a written notice stating when thereafter the cancellation
       shall be effective. This policy may be canceled by the company mailing to the
       named insured at the address shown in this policy, written notice stating when not
       less than ten (10) days thereafter such cancellation shall be effective. The
       mailing of notice as aforesaid shall be sufficient proof of notice. The time of
       surrender or effective date and hour of cancellation stated in the notice shall
       become the end of the policy. Delivery of such written notice either by the named
       insured or by the company shall be equivalent to mailing. (emphasis added).

       The Fifth Circuit, in addressing these provisions of the Mississippi code and policy terms

similar to those in this case, held that where an insurance company has indicated a willingness to

renew a policy, subject to payment owed, the Mississippi insurance code does not require the

company to send “any more detailed notice than the billing and renewal statement.” Estate of

Beinhauer v. Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co., 893 F.2d 782, 785 (5th Cir. 1990) (explaining Willis v.

Miss. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co., 481 So.2d 256 (Miss. 1985) (holding that automobile

coverage did not remain in effect three weeks after expiration of policy when insured failed to

timely pay renewal premium)). In Willis, 481 So.2d. at 259-260, the Mississippi Supreme Court

held that the requirements of Sections 83-11-9 and 83-11-5 were met where an insurance

company sent a premium notice to the insured sixteen days before the insurance policy was to

expire. The Willis court noted that since the notice made clear that payment of the premium was

a condition precedent to the renewal and continuation of the policy, that notice was sufficient to

meet the requirements of Section 83-11-9. Id. As to Section 83-11-5, the Willis court went on

                                                  6
to explain that if that Section were applicable, the court would apply the ten day notice period

for cancellation due to non-payment of premium. The Willis court concluded that because the

insurance company mailed the premium due notice sixteen days before the policy was to expire,

sufficient notice was given under Section 83-11-5. Id.

        Willis clearly controls this case. As we have already discussed, the notices sent by Davis

Insurance Agency on March 7 and 28 of 1997, to the address listed on the policy, clearly

indicated a willingness to renew the policy subject to the premiums being paid by April 5, 1997.

The policy terms and notices made clear that payment of the renewal premiums was a condition

precedent to the continuation of the coverage under the policies. Therefore, the ten days notice

requirement of the policies and of Section 83-11-5 were easily satisfied as construed by the

Mississippi Supreme Court in Willis. Finally, Section 83-11-9, as construed by Willis, was

satisfied upon the mailing of the notices to Danny Smith’s address as listed in the policies.

        In conclusion, nothing in the Mississippi code requires more notice or proof of notice of

the termination of the insurance policies than was given. Murray has created no genuine issue of

material fact regarding whether Canal provided sufficient notice that the insurance policies would

expire upon failure to renew those premiums. It follows that the insurance policies issued to

Murray had lapsed prior to the accident in question. We therefore affirm summary judgment

declaring that the policies issued to Danny Smith do not obligate Canal to provide any defense or

indemnity to any of the defendants in the subject automobile accident.

                                 B.    Motion to Stay Proceedings.

        Next, Murray contends that the district court abused its discretion by denying his motion

to dismiss, or alternatively, to stay the district court proceedings until the resolution of the

Mississippi State court proceedings. District courts have discretion to decide whether to

exercise jurisdiction over cases brought under the Declaratory Judgment Act. See Wilton v.

Southern Falls, Co., 515 U.S. 277 (1995).

        We find no abuse of discretion in light of the six factors mentioned by Traveler’s Ins. Co.

                                                   7
v. Louisiana Farm Bureau Federation, Inc., 996 F.2d 774 (5th Cir. 1993), to be considered by

the district court in its exercise of discretion:

1.      Whether there is a pending state action in which all of the matters in controversy may be

        fully litigated;

2.      Whether the plaintiff filed suit in anticipation of a lawsuit filed by the defendant;

3.      Whether the plaintiff engaged in forum shopping in bringing a suit;

4.      Whether possible inequities in allowing the declaratory plaintiff to gain precedence in

        time or to changed forums exist;

5.      Whether the federal court is a convenient forum for the parties and the witnesses; and

6.      Whether retaining a lawsuit in federal court would serve the purposes of judicial

        economy.

        As to the first factor, Murray notes that Canal could have possibly litigated the insurance

coverage issue in the state court proceeding under Rule 57 of the Mississippi rules of Civil

Procedure. See Lewis v. Allstate Ins. Co., 730 So.2d 65, 71 (Miss. 1998). However, even if this

is true, this fact alone does not mandate that the district court stay the federal proceedings.

Second, there is no evidence that Canal filed for declaratory judgment in anticipation of a

declaratory lawsuit being filed by the underlying state court plaintiffs. Thus, Canal did not

attempt to short-circuit Murray’s liability action in state court by a “race to res judicata.”

Traveler’s, 996 F.2d at 779. Third, Murray merely concludes, without supporting evidence, that

Canal engaged in forum shopping.

        Fourth, there is no evidence that possible inequities exist in allowing the declaratory

judgment to proceed. Murray concludes without citing specific facts that his “ability to fully

litigate all issues of damages and insurance coverage has been severely compromised.”

However, this is unlikely given that the liability issues of the state court action, and the coverage

issues of the declaratory judgment action, were legally and factually separate. Canal was not a

party in the liability action in state court and did not defend any of the defendant’s in that action.

                                                    8
Murray offered no evidence that the district court’s decision to hear the declaratory action could

have prejudiced his efforts in the state court action.

       Nor is there any support for the argument that the federal court was not a convenient

forum. Murray merely assumes that the presence of the witnesses, investigating officers and

parties in various counties in Mississippi somehow make a district court in Mississippi an

inconvenient forum. However, this is not necessarily so and Murray fails to alleged that any

particular difficulties arose from the federal forum.

       Finally, nothing suggests that the district court’s decision failed to promote judicial

economy. First, as discussed, the issues addressed in the federal and state actions were separate,

meaning there was no wasteful duplication of the same parallel issues at two trials. See Agora

Syndicate, Inc. v. Robinson Janitorial Specialists, Inc., 149 F.3d 371 (5th Cir. 1998) (holding

that district court abused its discretion in abstaining from entertaining insurer’s declaratory

coverage action, in deference to state liability action to which insurer was not a party, since state

and federal proceedings were not parallel and judicial economy weighed in favor of declaratory

ruling); Exxon Corp. v. St. Paul Fire and Marine Ins. Co., 129 F.3d 781 (holding that district

court was well within its discretion in refusing to stay federal proceedings where there were no

parallel state court proceedings). Second, the district court decided Canal’s declaratory action

prior to the trial of the underlying state court case, thereby enhancing judicial economy by

potentially reducing the number of issues the state court might have to address.

       In conclusion, the factors announced in Traveler’s and in our other cases clearly support

the district court’s decision not to stay the declaratory proceedings. We thus affirm the district

court’s exercise of discretion.

                                       III.   CONCLUSION

       We hereby AFFIRM summary judgment against Thomas Murray regarding the

declaratory insurance coverage claim.

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