Court Opinion

ID: 9409271
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-07-17 16:08:28.380861+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:49.766319
License: Public Domain

J-A11003-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    PARILEE BURRESS                            :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 780 WDA 2022

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered May 12, 2022
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
               Criminal Division at No: CP-02-CR-0008317-2021

BEFORE:      BENDER, P.J.E., STABILE, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                                FILED: JULY 17, 2023

        Appellant, Parilee Burress, appeals from her judgment of sentence of six

months’ probation for driving under the influence of alcohol, 75 Pa.C.S.A. §

3802(a)(1). Appellant claims that the evidence was insufficient to sustain her

conviction for DUI. We disagree, and we affirm.

        The trial court accurately summarized the Commonwealth’s evidence as

follows:

        On the date of June 9, 2021, Officer Leann Heffley[1] was working
        as a patrol officer in Stowe Township. Officer Heffley is certified
        in standardized field sobriety testing and certified in advanced
        roadside impaired driving enforcement. At 12 AM, Officer Heffley
        reported to a two vehicle accident near 633 Woodward Ave.

        Upon arrival, Officer Heffley observed [Appellant] standing outside
        of a silver PT Cruiser. The Officer testified that she observed the

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1   Officer Heffley was the only witness who testified during trial.
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      vehicle was damaged. Specifically, the vehicle’s rear passenger
      taillight was broken, “cracked and missing a couple of pieces[.]”
      Moreover, the Officer observed that some of the taillight’s missing
      pieces were in the street and some of the missing pieces were
      stuck to a telephone pole located directly behind the vehicle.
      According to the Officer the pole was about four feet apart from
      the vehicle. The [O]fficer noted she did not observe damage to
      any other vehicles near the PT [C]ruiser.

      Officer Heffley made contact with [Appellant] and observed that
      [Appellant] had bloodshot eyes, an unsteady gait, and there was
      an odor of alcohol emanating from [Appellant]’s breath.
      [Appellant] informed the [O]fficer she was attempting to pull onto
      Woodwood St[.] from her parked position and the gentleman
      behind her was attempting to pull into the spot and collided with
      her vehicle. [Appellant] also made statements that she had been
      drinking that night.

      During this interaction, the Officer observed in plain view inside of
      [Appellant]’s vehicle an open bottle of Corona in the front seat cup
      holder and case of Corona located on the passenger side
      floorboard. Upon inquiry, [Appellant] told the officer that she had
      drunk a couple of beers that night[.] The Officer conducted field
      sobriety tests which resulted in [Appellant] showing indicators of
      impairment for each test conducted. [Appellant] consented to a
      blood test which indicated that at the time her whole blood alcohol
      content was 0.161%.

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) Opinion, 11/16/22, at 1-2 (citations omitted).

      The Commonwealth charged Appellant under Section 3802(a)(1) (DUI

general impairment) and 3802(c) (DUI highest rate of alcohol). On May 12,

2022, following a non-jury trial, the court found Appellant guilty under Section

3802(a)(1) but not guilty under Section 3802(c). On the same date, the court

imposed sentence. Appellant filed a timely post-sentence motion, which was

denied, and a timely notice of appeal. Without directing Appellant to file a

concise statement of matters complained of on appeal, the court filed an

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opinion explaining that the evidence was sufficient to sustain Appellant’s

conviction.

      Appellant raises a single issue in this appeal:

      Whether [Appellant’s] conviction for DUI: General Impairment can
      be sustained, where the Commonwealth failed to prove, beyond a
      reasonable doubt, that she drove her vehicle after consuming a
      sufficient amount of alcohol such that she was rendered incapable
      of safely driving?

Appellant’s Brief at 5.

      When reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we

determine “whether the evidence admitted at trial, as well as all reasonable

inferences drawn therefrom, when viewed in the light most favorable to the

verdict winner, are sufficient to support all the elements of the offense.”

Commonwealth v. Cline, 177 A.3d 922, 925 (Pa. Super. 2017).               “This

standard is equally applicable to cases where the evidence is circumstantial

rather than direct so long as the combination of the evidence links the accused

to the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” Commonwealth v. Stokes, 78

A.3d 644, 649 (Pa. Super. 2013).

      Section 3802(a)(1) of the Vehicle Code provides that “an individual may

not drive, operate or be in actual physical control of the movement of a vehicle

after imbibing a sufficient amount of alcohol such that the individual is

rendered incapable of safely driving, operating or being in actual physical

control of the movement of the vehicle.” 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(a)(1). Section

3802(a)(1) is an “at the time of driving” offense, i.e., an offense requiring

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proof that the defendant was “driving, operating, or in actual physical control

of the movement of a vehicle during the time when he or she was rendered

incapable of safely doing so due to the consumption of alcohol.”

      Section 3802(a)(1) permits multiple types of evidence to prove DUI-

general impairment, including BAC evidence:

      The types of evidence that the Commonwealth may proffer in a
      subsection 3802(a)(1) prosecution include but are not limited to,
      the following: the offender’s actions and behavior, including
      manner of driving and ability to pass field sobriety tests;
      demeanor, including toward the investigating officer; physical
      appearance, particularly bloodshot eyes and other physical signs
      of intoxication; odor of alcohol, and slurred speech. Blood alcohol
      level may be added to this list, although it is not necessary and
      the two hour time limit for measuring blood alcohol level does not
      apply. Blood alcohol level is admissible in a subsection 3801(a)(1)
      case only insofar as it is relevant to and probative of the accused’s
      ability to drive safely at the time he or she was driving. The weight
      to be assigned these various types of evidence presents a question
      for the fact-finder, who may rely on his or her experience,
      common sense, and/or expert testimony. Regardless of the type
      of evidence that the Commonwealth proffers to support its case,
      the focus of subsection 3802(a)(1) remains on the inability of the
      individual to drive safely due to consumption of alcohol—not on a
      particular blood alcohol level.

Commonwealth v. Segida, 985 A.2d 871, 879 (Pa. 2009).

      Construed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the

evidence demonstrates beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant was

intoxicated at the time she drove or operated her vehicle on June 9, 2021.

Numerous facts, viewed together, establish Appellant’s guilt, including: (1)

Officer Heffley was dispatched to the scene of a two-vehicle accident; (2) upon

the officer’s arrival at the accident scene, Appellant was standing in the street

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next to car, which was imbedded in a telephone pole and had damage to the

rear taillight, including a cracked lens and several missing pieces; (3)

Appellant admitted that she was driving the vehicle and was attempting to

pull onto Woodward Street from the parking space when the other driver, who

was attempting to park in that spot, collided with her vehicle; (4) the officer

observed that Appellant’s gait was unsteady, her eyes were bloodshot, and an

odor of alcohol was on her breath; (5) an “open bottle” of beer was in the

front seat cupholder of Appellant’s vehicle and a case of beer was in the

passenger floorboard, Tr., 5/12/22, at 8; (6) Appellant admitted to the officer

that she was drinking “that night” and had consumed “a few beers,” id.; (7)

Appellant had difficulty finding her license and insurance information in her

wallet; (8) the officer asked Appellant to perform field sobriety tests, including

the horizontal gaze nystagmus, the one-legged stand, and walk and turn test,

and Appellant performed poorly on all of them; (9) Appellant’s blood test

revealed that her BAC was .161%, over twice the legal limit. 75 Pa.C.S.A. §

3802(a)(2) (legal limit for alcohol concentration in driver’s blood is .08%);

see also Commonwealth v. Teems, 74 A.3d 142, 146 (Pa. Super. 2013)

(evidence sufficient to establish DUI-general impairment where officer

responding to call reporting disabled vehicle observed defendant sitting in

driver's seat of vehicle, in lane of traffic, depressing the brakes, car had lost

its tires, defendant could not recall if he struck anything or when or where

accident might have occurred, officer noticed strong odor of alcohol from

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defendant, defendant had red, glassy eyes and slurred speech, defendant

failed to blow properly into portable alcohol breath test machine, and blood

test at hospital revealed BAC of .143%); Commonwealth v. O'Bryon, 820

A.2d 1287, 1291-92 (Pa. Super. 2003) (evidence supported defendant's DUI

conviction where officer testified that defendant ran her car into parked car

and left scene, was confused and staggering, had alcohol on her breath, and

could not maintain balance or locate her license and registration);

Commonwealth v. Leighty, 693 A.2d 1324, 1327 (Pa. Super. 1997) (glassy

and bloodshot eyes, admittance of alcohol consumption, failure of two field

sobriety tests and minor accident before arrest sufficient to support conviction

under former DUI statute).

      Appellant concedes that the evidence shows she was involved in an

accident while operating her car and that she was intoxicated when Officer

Heffley arrived at the accident scene at 12:00 a.m. Nevertheless, Appellant

insists that the evidence did not prove that she was intoxicated at the time

she was driving or operating her vehicle.       In support of this argument,

Appellant notes that Officer Heffley did not observe Appellant drive or operate

the car, witness the accident, specify when she received the report of the

accident, or identify the time of the accident.    These omissions, Appellant

postulates, leave open the possibility that (1) the accident “occurred long

before Officer Heffley eventually arrived on scene,” and (2) Appellant only

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consumed alcohol “at the scene” after the accident,2 when she was no longer

driving or operating her car. Appellant’s Brief at 33.

       We disagree with Appellant’s interpretation of the evidence. Appellant’s

BAC was .161%, over twice the legal limit of .08%,3 and she admitted drinking

“that night” and having “a few beers,” i.e., more than one beer. Tr., 5/12/22,

at 8 (emphasis added). Officer Heffley, however, found just one open beer

can in Appellant’s car. The officer testified that she found “an open Corona

beer in the cup holder and a case of Corona on the passenger side floorboard,”

id. (emphasis added), indicating that the case of beer was closed. Further,

Officer Heffley found broken pieces of glass on the street from Appellant’s

taillight, but she did not testify that she found any cans outside the vehicle or

on the street.

       Had Appellant imbibed an amount of alcohol after the accident

commensurate with her high BAC and visible impairment, Officer Heffley may

have found multiple open cans of beer at the accident scene, in or near the

vehicle. Officer Heffley, however, only found one open can, the can in the cup

holder, indicating that Appellant possibly drank just one beer after the

accident. This, along with Appellant’s admission that she drank more than

____________________________________________

2 Appellant does not suggest that she left the accident scene or consumed
alcohol at another location after the accident.

3 A BAC of .16% or higher is classified as “highest rate of alcohol” under
Pennsylvania’s DUI statutes. See 75 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3802(c), 3804(c).

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one beer that night, her high BAC, and her visible impairment, demonstrates

beyond a reasonable doubt that she drank alcohol before the accident and

drove her car while intoxicated.4

       For these reasons, we find the evidence sufficient to affirm Appellant’s

judgment of sentence.

       Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/17/2023

____________________________________________

4 The fact that Officer Heffley did not observe the accident or see Appellant
driving her car did not render the evidence against Appellant insufficient. We
have held that circumstantial evidence can sustain a conviction for DUI-
general impairment even when the arresting officer did not observe the
defendant driving or operating his vehicle. See Commonwealth v. Eichler,
133 A.3d 775, 790-91 (Pa. Super. 2016) (circumstantial evidence was
sufficient to sustain defendant’s conviction for DUI-general impairment even
though officer did not observe defendant driving and first encountered
defendant at his house over one hour after he was involved in accident on
nearby road).

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