Court Opinion

ID: 2993961
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-24 16:02:29.244006+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:46:28.978304
License: Public Domain

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
 UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                 AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

                                    IN THE
             ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                DIVISION ONE

        CACH, LLC, a limited liability company, Plaintiff/Appellee,

                                        v.

  NANCY M. MARTIN and ROBERT MARTIN, Defendants/Appellants.

                             No. 1 CA-CV 14-0504
                               FILED 9-24-2015

           Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                          No. CV 2012-017288
              The Honorable Robert H. Oberbillig, Judge

                                  AFFIRMED

                                   COUNSEL

Neuheisel Law Firm, P.C., Tempe
By Kathryn A. Neuheisel, Beth Bruno, Kerry Osborne
Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellee

Nancy and Robert Martin, Tempe
Defendants/Appellants

                       MEMORANDUM DECISION

Presiding Judge Margaret H. Downie delivered the decision of the Court,
in which Judge Patricia A. Orozco and Judge Maurice Portley joined.
                              CACH v. MARTIN
                             Decision of the Court

D O W N I E, Judge:

¶1           Nancy and Robert Martin appeal from the entry of summary
judgment in favor of CACH, LLC. For the following reasons, we affirm.

                  FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2           CACH sued the Martins for breach of contract, alleging a
default on a credit card account with Citibank — CACH’s
predecessor-in-interest. The Martins moved to stay or dismiss the action
to allow for arbitration, as contemplated by the credit card agreement.
CACH did not object to arbitration and asked the court to stay the
proceeding “for a reasonable period of time” to permit the Martins to
pursue arbitration.

¶3             In January 2013, the trial court stayed the proceedings to
allow arbitration to proceed. After the case was dismissed off the inactive
calendar, the trial court reinstated the action, finding “good cause exists to
reinstate the case so that it can proceed to resolution on the merits.”

¶4            CACH filed a motion for summary judgment in October
2013, which the Martins opposed. The trial court granted CACH’s
motion, and the Martins filed a timely notice of appeal. We have
jurisdiction pursuant to Arizona Revised Statutes (“A.R.S.”) sections
12-120.21(A)(1) and -2101(A)(1).

                                DISCUSSION

I.     Arbitration Clause

¶5             The Martins contend that “while it may be the defendant
who asks for arbitration of a debt claim of the plaintiff, it is the plaintiff, in
a setting such as this, that must be the moving party to commence the
arbitration since it is the plaintiff who seeks ultimate relief or judgment
(on the facts here).” We disagree.

¶6            Arbitration agreements are contractual in nature, and their
interpretation is a question of law that we review de novo. See Estate of
Decamacho ex rel. Guthrie v. La Solana Care & Rehab, Inc., 234 Ariz. 18, 20–21,
¶¶ 9–10, 316 P.3d 607, 609–10 (App. 2014); see also Burke v. Voicestream
Wireless Corp. II, 207 Ariz. 393, 395, ¶ 11, 87 P.3d 81, 83 (App. 2004). An
agreement to arbitrate is construed according to its language and the
circumstances in which it was made. U.S. Insulation, Inc. v. Hilro Constr.
Co., 146 Ariz. 250, 257, 705 P.2d 490, 497 (App. 1985). “If the contractual

                                        2
                             CACH v. MARTIN
                            Decision of the Court

language is clear, we will afford it its plain and ordinary meaning and
apply it as written.” Liberty Ins. Underwriters v. Weitz Co., 215 Ariz. 80, 83,
¶ 8, 158 P.3d 209, 212 (App. 2007).

¶7          The arbitration clause at issue here provides that disputes
“may” be resolved by binding arbitration and states, in pertinent part:

       Agreement to Arbitrate: Either you or we may, without the
       other’s consent, elect mandatory, binding arbitration for any
       claim, dispute, or controversy between you and us (called
       “Claims”).

       ....

       How does a party initiate arbitration? The party filing an
       arbitration must choose one of the following two arbitration
       firms and follow its rules and procedures for initiating and
       pursuing an arbitration: American Arbitration Association
       or National Arbitration Forum. . . . You may obtain copies of
       the current rules of each of the arbitration firms and forms
       and instructions for initiating an arbitration by contacting
       them as follows . . . .

       Who pays? Whoever files the arbitration pays the initial
       filing fee. If we file, we pay; if you file, you pay, unless you
       get a fee waiver under the applicable rules of the arbitration
       firm. If you have paid the initial filing fee and you prevail,
       we will reimburse you for that fee. If there is a hearing, we
       will pay any fees of the arbitrator and arbitration firm for the
       first day of that hearing. All other fees will be allocated as
       provided by the rules of the arbitration firm and applicable
       law. However, we will advance or reimburse your fees if the
       arbitration firm or arbitrator determines there is good reason
       for requiring us to do so, or if you ask us and we determine
       there is good reason for doing so.

¶8            The unambiguous language of the arbitration clause requires
the party opting for arbitration to initiate the proceedings and pay the
filing fee. An account holder may request a fee waiver or ask the
arbitrator to waive the fee for good cause shown, but nothing in the record
on appeal suggests that the Martins did so. The arbitration clause does
not obligate CACH to pay the filing fee unless it finds “good reason” to do
so or unless the arbitrator so orders. Finally, neither legal authority nor

                                      3
                            CACH v. MARTIN
                           Decision of the Court

the account agreement supports the Martins’ assertion that requiring them
to initiate arbitration would somehow shift the burden of proof.

¶9            The trial court gave the Martins a reasonable opportunity to
pursue arbitration, and when they failed to complete the necessary steps,
it properly reinstated the case for resolution on the merits.

II.    Summary Judgment

¶10            We review the trial court’s grant of summary judgment de
novo. Emmett McLoughlin Realty, Inc. v. Pima Cnty., 212 Ariz. 351, 353, ¶ 2,
132 P.3d 290, 292 (App. 2006). “A plaintiff’s motion must stand on its own
and demonstrate by admissible evidence that the plaintiff has met its
burden of proof and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Allen, 231 Ariz. 209, 211, ¶ 1, 292 P.3d 195, 197
(App. 2012). “It is well established that, in an action based on breach of
contract, the plaintiff has the burden of proving the existence of a contract,
breach of the contract, and resulting damages.” Chartone, Inc. v. Bernini,
207 Ariz. 162, 170, ¶ 30, 83 P.3d 1103, 1111 (App. 2004). We view the
evidence and all reasonable inferences therefrom in the light most
favorable to the party opposing summary judgment. Andrews v. Blake, 205
Ariz. 236, 240, ¶ 12, 69 P.3d 7, 11 (2003). We consider only the record
before the trial court at the time of its ruling. See Phoenix Baptist Hosp. &
Med. Ctr., Inc. v. Aiken, 179 Ariz. 289, 292, 877 P.2d 1345, 1348 (App. 1994).

¶11           The Martins contend an affidavit from Peter Huber that
accompanied CACH’s motion was inadmissible hearsay that could not
support summary judgment. We will uphold a trial court’s ruling
regarding the admissibility of evidence in summary judgment
proceedings absent an abuse of discretion. Mohave Elec. Co-op., Inc. v.
Byers, 189 Ariz. 292, 301, 942 P.2d 451, 460 (App. 1997). We find no abuse
of discretion here.

¶12            In granting CACH’s summary judgment motion, the court
ruled that it was “properly supported by admissible evidence.”
Specifically, the court concluded the business records exception to the
hearsay rule applied. We agree.

¶13            A business record is admissible, regardless of its
classification as hearsay, if the custodian testifies it was: (1) “made at or
near the time by -- or from information transmitted by -- someone with
knowledge;” (2) kept in the course of a regularly conducted business
activity; (3) making the record was a regular practice; and (4) “the
opponent does not show that the source of information or the method or

                                      4
                            CACH v. MARTIN
                           Decision of the Court

circumstances of preparation indicate a lack of trustworthiness.” Ariz. R.
Evid. 803(6). A custodian need not have personally assembled the
records. State v. Parker, 231 Ariz. 391, 402–03, ¶ 33, 296 P.3d 54, 65–66
(2013). However, mere recitation of Rule 803(6) language in an affidavit is
insufficient. The affidavit must substantively address the accompanying
evidence well enough to establish its credibility and allow a court to
review its accuracy. See Wells Fargo, 231 Ariz. at 213–14, ¶ 18, 292 P.3d at
199–200.

¶14           Huber’s affidavit established him as the custodian of records
for CACH, and it also satisfied each element of the business records
exception. Huber avowed that CACH’s books and records contained
account records and information from the original creditor (many of
which accompanied his affidavit) and he substantively discussed those
records — making it clear that CACH relied on the Citibank records in its
daily operations. See Parker, 231 Ariz. at 402, ¶ 33, 296 P.3d at 65
(“Trustworthiness and reliability stem from the fact that Capital One
regularly relies on the information that third parties submit as part of their
ordinary course of business.”).

¶15            In arguing Huber’s affidavit was substantively insufficient,
the Martins rely heavily on Wells Fargo — a case in which we concluded a
paralegal’s affidavit was insufficient to sustain summary judgment. 231
Ariz. at 214, ¶ 19, 292 P.3d at 200. We stated:

       In his affidavit, the paralegal made a general avowal that he
       is the custodian of records and that he personally reviewed
       records that established the amount of the Allens’
       indebtedness to Wells Fargo. Those records were neither
       described nor attached, nor was there anything in the
       affidavit to provide a reviewing court with the means to
       evaluate the accuracy of the paralegal’s calculation of the
       amount claimed to be due.

Id. at ¶ 18.

¶16           The affidavit and documents in this case differ materially
from those at issue in Wells Fargo. Huber specifically referred to the
attached documents and described how and why they were accurate.
Additionally, Huber attached and referred to several account statements
that identified specific purchases, the balance owed, and interest
information. The level of detail contrasts starkly with the single statement

                                      5
                            CACH v. MARTIN
                           Decision of the Court

found in the affidavit in Wells Fargo, which summarily recited an amount
owed and little else. See id. at 211, 214, ¶¶ 4, 18, 292 P.3d at 197, 200.

¶17           The purpose of a custodian's affidavit is to authenticate
evidence. Id. at 214, ¶ 19, 292 P.3d at 200. Huber’s affidavit provided
sufficient detail to authenticate the attached documents such that the trial
court did not abuse its discretion in concluding they were admissible
under Rule 803(6) as business records. Further, the Martins admitted the
account statements were genuine and did not identify any unreliable or
inaccurate information in them.

¶18           CACH also provided a copy of a credit card agreement.
Although the Martins consistently noted the agreement was not signed, a
signature is not necessary because use of a credit card is sufficient to bind
the cardholder to the terms and conditions of the account. See A.R.S.
§ 44-7802. Moreover, the Martins never disclaimed a contractual
obligation to pay CACH. On the contrary, they admitted receiving
account statements and conceded “that they have failed to pay all of the
charges made on the cards, and that the account is in breach.”

¶19           Coupled with the Martins’ admissions, CACH’s proffered
evidence was sufficient to establish the existence of a contract and the
Martins’ breach of that contract. CACH also established the requisite
damages. Each credit card statement provided specific information
regarding accrual of the debt. The Martins did not submit controverting
evidence. Instead, they conceded that “[t]he debt here was run up by
defendants’ daughter who did not pay for what she charged, apparently.”
We thus conclude that CACH submitted “undisputed admissible evidence
that would compel any reasonable juror to find in its favor on every
element of its claim.”1 Comerica Bank v. Mahmoodi, 224 Ariz. 289, 293, ¶ 20,
229 P.3d 1031, 1035 (App. 2010).

                              CONCLUSION

¶20          For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgement of the
superior court. We deny CACH’s request for attorneys’ fees incurred on
appeal because it fails to comply with ARCAP 21(a)(2) (fee request “must

1       The Martins also contend another document accompanying
Huber’s affidavit — an affidavit of Lana Handy — was inadmissible
because she was not listed as a witness. Handy’s affidavit is not necessary
to affirm the trial court’s ruling, so we need not address its admissibility.

                                     6
                           CACH v. MARTIN
                          Decision of the Court

specifically state the statute, rule, decisional law, contract, or other
authority for an award of attorneys’ fees”). CACH, however, is entitled to
recover its taxable costs on appeal upon compliance with ARCAP 21.

                                :ama

                                       7