Court Opinion

ID: 172789
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-08-14 18:57:17+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:13:01.757754
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                           United States Court of Appeals
                                                                   Tenth Circuit

                                                                October 26, 2009
                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                   Clerk of Court
                          FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

    KENNETH EUGENE BARRETT,

              Plaintiff-Appellant,

    v.                                                 No. 09-7030
                                           (D.C. No. 6:06-CV-00299-RAW-SPS)
    CHARLES PEARSON, Muskogee                           (E.D. Okla.)
    County, Oklahoma Sheriff;
    RAYMOND BARNES, Muskogee
    County Detention Center
    Administrator; MARTIN LANG,
    Muskogee County Detention Center
    Security Supervisor; COURTNEY
    BURKE, Muskogee County Detention
    Center Personnel; BILL THOMPSON,

              Defendants-Appellees.

                           ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before LUCERO, BALDOCK, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.

*
       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is
not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,
and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value
consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
         Kenneth Eugene Barrett, a federal prisoner appearing pro se and in forma

pauperis, appeals from the district court’s March 19, 2009, Opinion and Order

dismissing his complaint without prejudice as frivolous under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(i). See R., Vol. 1, Doc. 87. Having reviewed the parties’

materials and the record on appeal in light of the governing law, we also dismiss

this appeal as frivolous and assess two strikes under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). See

Jennings v. Natrona County Det. Ctr. Med. Facility, 175 F.3d 775, 780 (10th Cir.

1999).

                                 I. Procedural History

         Mr. Barrett was arrested on September 24, 1999, after he initiated a gun

battle with state and federal law enforcement officers attempting to execute a

no-knock search warrant at his residence. Mr. Barrett fired at the officers, killing

Oklahoma Highway Patrol Officer Rocky Eales. In February 2004, Mr. Barrett

was convicted on state charges of manslaughter in the first degree and assault and

battery with a dangerous weapon. R., Vol. 1, Doc. 75, Exs. 2, 4. He was

sentenced to consecutive terms of twenty years’ and ten years’ imprisonment,

respectively. Id.

         In October 2004, Mr. Barrett was transferred to the Muskogee County

Detention Center (“MCDC”) pending trial on capital federal charges related to the

same underlying events, and he was housed at MCDC until February 28, 2006,

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approximately sixteen months. Id., Doc. 75, at 2 ¶ 5. During his incarceration at

MCDC, Mr. Barrett filed suit pro se and in forma pauperis under 42 U.S.C.

§ 1983 against defendant Raymond Barnes, MCDC Administrator. See Barrett v.

Barnes, No. 6:05-cv-00328-RAW-SPS. Mr. Barrett asserted that he was entitled

to monetary damages because defendant Barnes had violated his constitutional

rights by denying him “access to a law library and copies of his legal work.”

R., Vol. 1, Doc. 1, Ex. A at 1. The district court dismissed Mr. Barrett’s amended

complaint without prejudice based on his failure to exhaust administrative

remedies under the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), 42 U.S.C. § 1997e,

which Mr. Barrett was required to plead in his complaint according to Tenth

Circuit precedent at that time. R., Vol. 1, Doc. 1, Ex. A at 1-2. We affirmed the

dismissal on appeal because Mr. Barrett had failed to successfully allege

exhaustion of administrative remedies in his amended complaint, as required by

Fitzgerald v. Corrections Corp. of America, 403 F.3d 1134, 1139 (10th Cir.

2005). Barrett v. Barnes, 184 F. App’x 735, 736-37 (10th Cir. 2006). 1

1
       Fitzgerald has subsequently been overruled to the extent it held that “under
§ 1997e, exhaustion was a pleading burden that falls on the plaintiff, and a
complaint that fails to allege the requisite exhaustion of remedies is tantamount to
one that fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.” Fitzgerald,
403 F.3d at 1139 (quotations omitted). In Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199 (2007), the
Supreme Court held that exhaustion of administrative remedies under the PLRA is
an affirmative defense that “need not be pled in the complaint, but must be
alleged in the answer.” See Allen v. Zavaras, 568 F.3d 1197, 1200 (10th Cir.
2009) (discussing Jones, 549 U.S. at 212, 214, 216).

                                        -3-
      In July 2006, Mr. Barrett, now a federal prisoner after being convicted on

the federal charges, filed this action under Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents

of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971), to cure the pleading

defect in his prior suit. R., Vol. 1, Doc. 1, at 1. Mr. Barrett again asserted that

Mr. Barnes had violated his constitutional right of access to the courts, id. at 1, 5,

but he also added other defendants and claims, see generally id., Doc. 1. He

again moved for leave to proceed in forma pauperis, which was granted. Id.,

Docs. 2, 4. The case proceeded, and Mr. Barrett began making installment

payments toward the filing fee. In August 2007, however, Mr. Barrett moved to

rescind the filing fee, arguing based on a decision from the Sixth Circuit that this

Bivens case was the same as the prior § 1983 case that was dismissed, and he

should not have to pay a second filing fee. See R., Vol. 1, Doc. 50. The district

court denied the motion in an Opinion and Order filed on February 6, 2008,

pointing out that there was no Tenth Circuit authority for rescinding the filing fee

and that the Sixth Circuit case upon which Mr. Barrett relied was distinguishable.

See id., Doc. 57, at 2 (discussing Owens v. Keeling, 461 F.3d 763, 773 (6th Cir.

2006)).

      Proceedings in this suit continued. In July 2008, defendants moved for

summary judgment, and Mr. Barrett filed a response. Id., Vol. 1, Docs. 75, 79.

The district court entered an Opinion and Order on March 19, 2009, but instead of

ruling on defendants’ summary judgment motion, the court reviewed Mr. Barrett’s

                                          -4-
five claims for relief and sua sponte dismissed the complaint as frivolous under

28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i). See R., Vol. 1, Doc. 87, at 2-8. The court reasoned

that Mr. Barrett had failed to show that an actual injury resulted from the alleged

denial of access to legal materials, assistance from someone trained in the law, or

photocopies of legal materials and documents. See id. The district court

promptly entered a final judgment. Id., Doc. 88. Mr. Barrett filed this appeal.

                                    II. Discussion

      The district court’s disposition of this case amounts to a dismissal without

prejudice for lack of jurisdiction due to lack of standing. See R., Vol. 1, Doc. 87,

at 4. We have previously held that a plaintiff lacks standing to sue under

42 U.S.C. § 1983 for an alleged denial of access to the courts if he does not

demonstrate that the alleged denial of access “resulted in ‘actual injury’ by

‘frustrat[ing],’ ‘imped[ing],’ or ‘hinder[ing] his efforts to pursue a legal claim.’”

Simkins v. Bruce, 406 F.3d 1239, 1243 (10th Cir. 2005) (quoting Lewis v. Casey,

518 U.S. 343, 351-53 & n.3 (1996)). A Bivens action is “the federal analogue to

§ 1983 claims[.]” Kripp v. Luton, 466 F.3d 1171, 1175 (10th Cir. 2006). As a

result, Mr. Barrett was also required to show actual injury to establish his

standing to sue for the alleged denial of access to the courts under Bivens. See

Wilson v. Blankenship, 163 F.3d 1284, 1288, 1290-91 (11th Cir. 1998).

                                          -5-
      After defendants’ motion for summary judgment was fully briefed, the

district court reviewed Mr. Barrett’s complaint and dismissed it as frivolous under

28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i). A claim is frivolous under § 1915(e) if it “lacks an

arguable basis either in law or in fact.” Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325

(1989) (citing § 1915(d), as the current § 1915(e) was previously designated).

We review “frivolousness dismissals [under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i)] for an abuse of

discretion.” Conkle v. Potter, 352 F.3d 1333, 1335 n.4 (10th Cir. 2003). If the

frivolousness determination turned on an issue of law, however, we review it

de novo. Id. We are not bound to accept Mr. Barrett’s allegations as true, but his

“factual allegations must be weighted in [his] favor[.]” Denton v. Hernandez,

504 U.S. 25, 32 (1992). Under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i), the district court has “the

unusual power to pierce the veil of the complaint’s factual allegations and dismiss

those claims whose factual contentions are clearly baseless.” Neitzke, 490 U.S.

at 327.

      Mr. Barrett argues on appeal that: (1) the district court was not authorized

under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e) to sua sponte dismiss his complaint as frivolous after

the completion of discovery and after summary judgment pleadings had been

filed, and the court should have ruled on defendants’ motion for summary

judgment; (2) the district court erred by concluding that he had failed to show that

an actual injury resulted from the alleged sixteen-month denial of access to legal

materials, assistance from someone trained in the law, or photocopying of legal

                                         -6-
materials and documents during his pretrial confinement at MCDC; and (3) the

district court abused its discretion in denying his motion to rescind the district

court filing fee for this case, which he asserts is the same action previously

dismissed without prejudice for failure to plead exhaustion of administrative

remedies.

      Mr. Barrett’s first argument presents a question of statutory interpretation

that we review de novo. See Pittsburg County Rural Water Dist. No. 7 v. City of

McAlester, 358 F.3d 694, 711 (10th Cir. 2004). We may quickly dispense with it.

The plain language of the statute covering “[p]roceedings in forma pauperis”

provides that “[n]otwithstanding any filing fee, or any portion thereof, that may

have been paid, the court shall dismiss the case at any time if the court determines

that– . . . (B) the action . . . (i) is frivolous[.]” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i)

(emphasis added). The district court did not exceed its authority by dismissing

Mr. Barrett’s complaint as frivolous under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) instead of ruling on

defendants’ motion for summary judgment. Cf. Fogle v. Pierson, 435 F.3d 1252,

1256, 1262 (10th Cir. 2006) (performing screening of in forma pauperis prisoner

complaint for the first time on appeal because “§ 1915[(e)(2)(B)(i)] mandates the

dismissal of a claim contained in an IFP complaint ‘at any time’ a court deems

the complaint to be frivolous.”).

      We also reject Mr. Barrett’s arguments related to his third issue—that the

district court abused its discretion in denying his motion to rescind the filing fee.

                                            -7-
We may review this decision because “[u]nder this circuit’s precedent, a notice of

appeal designating the final judgment necessarily confers jurisdiction over earlier

interlocutory orders that merge into the final judgment.” AdvantEdge Bus. Group

v. Thomas E. Mestmaker & Assoc., 552 F.3d 1233, 1236-37 (10th Cir. 2009). The

district court correctly explained that no Tenth Circuit authority supports

Mr. Barrett’s motion, and correctly explained why the Sixth Circuit’s decision in

Owens is distinguishable. R., Vol. 1, Doc. 57, at 2. We see no error.

      Finally, in his second issue, Mr. Barrett argues that the district court erred

in concluding that he did not sufficiently allege an actual injury in any of his

claims. He also argues that the district court improperly relied on materials

outside of the complaint. Based on our review of the district court’s March 19,

2009, Opinion and Order, we cannot agree. The district court was authorized to

take judicial “notice of judicial proceedings in other courts if they have a direct

relation to [the] matters at issue[.]” Green v. Nottingham, 90 F.3d 415, 418

(10th Cir. 1996) (citing St. Louis Baptist Temple, Inc. v. FDIC, 605 F.2d 1169,

1172 (10th Cir. 1979)). It is clear that when the district court referred to the

“record” in its Opinion and Order, e.g., R., Vol. 1, Doc. 87, at 1, 5, 6, the court

was referring either to the allegations in Mr. Barrett’s complaint or to the

proceedings of Mr. Barrett’s other court cases attached to defendants’ motion for

summary judgment, matters about which the district court was authorized to take

judicial notice. Those documents support the district court’s conclusion that

                                          -8-
Mr. Barrett was not prejudiced by the alleged denial of access to legal materials,

someone trained in the law, or photocopies of legal materials and documents at

MCDC.

      We are unpersuaded by Mr. Barrett’s arguments, and disagree with them for

the reasons thoroughly explained by the district court in its March 19, 2009,

Opinion and Order. Even taking into account Mr. Barrett’s pro se status and the

liberal reading to which his pleadings and other papers are entitled, see Yang v.

Archuleta, 525 F.3d 925, 927 n.1 (10th Cir. 2008), we see no abuse of discretion

in the district court’s decision that the complaint was frivolous and should be

dismissed. We therefore conclude that Mr. Barrett’s claims, as well as this

appeal, are legally frivolous under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i). Accordingly, we

DISMISS this appeal as frivolous and assess two strikes under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(g). See Jennings, 175 F.3d at 780 (“If we dismiss as frivolous the appeal

of an action the district court dismissed under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B), both

dismissals count as strikes.”). We also VACATE the district court’s April 17,

2009 order granting Mr. Barrett leave to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal.

                                         -9-
R., Vol. 1, Doc. 93. Mr. Barrett is reminded that he must continue making

payments toward the filing fee until it is paid in full.

      DISMISSED.

                                                      Entered for the Court

                                                      Michael R. Murphy
                                                      Circuit Judge

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