Court Opinion

ID: 2678814
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-06-17 22:01:42.047257+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:11:00.078856
License: Public Domain

Illinois Official Reports

                                          Appellate Court

             Illinois County Treasurers’ Ass’n v. Hamer, 2014 IL App (4th) 130286

Appellate Court              ILLINOIS COUNTY TREASURERS’ ASSOCIATION, Plaintiff-
Caption                      Appellant, v. BRIAN HAMER, in His Official Capacity as Director of
                             the Department of Revenue; and JUDY BAAR TOPINKA, in Her
                             Official Capacity as Comptroller of the State of Illinois, Defendants-
                             Appellees.

District & No.               Fourth District
                             Docket No. 4-13-0286

Filed                        April 22, 2014
Rehearing denied             June 12, 2014

Held                         When the General Assembly did not appropriate sufficient money to
(Note: This syllabus         pay the Illinois county treasurers their annual stipends, the provision
constitutes no part of the   of the Illinois Constitution prohibiting the reduction of elected
opinion of the court but     officials’ salaries during their term of office was violated, and in the
has been prepared by the     Illinois County Treasurers’ Association’s action to enforce payment of
Reporter of Decisions        the stipends, the trial court’s entry of summary judgment against the
for the convenience of       association on the ground that its action was barred by the separation
the reader.)                 of powers doctrine was reversed and the cause was remanded with
                             directions to enter summary judgment for the association, since any
                             county treasurer with a stipend unpaid during a term of office at issue
                             in the action was constitutionally entitled to receive the stipends in
                             full.

Decision Under               Appeal from the Circuit Court of Sangamon County, No. 10-MR-718;
Review                       the Hon. John Schmidt, Judge, presiding.
     Judgment                 Reversed and remanded with directions.

     Counsel on               R. Mark Mifflin, David A. Herman (argued), Christopher E. Sherer,
     Appeal                   and Melissa G. Steward, all of Giffin, Winning, Cohen & Bodewes,
                              P.C., of Springfield, for appellant.

                              Lisa Madigan, Attorney General, of Chicago (Michael A. Scodro,
                              Solicitor General, and John P. Schmidt (argued), Assistant Attorney
                              General, of counsel), for appellees.

     Panel                    JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
                              Presiding Justice Appleton and Justice Holder White concurred in the
                              judgment and opinion.

                                              OPINION

¶1         Plaintiff, the Illinois County Treasurers’ Association (Association), filed a complaint
       against defendants, Brian Hamer, Director of the Illinois Department of Revenue, and Judy
       Baar Topinka, Illinois Comptroller, alleging defendants violated Illinois law by failing to pay
       county treasurers the full amount of mandated annual stipends in 2010 and 2011 and seeking
       declaratory and mandamus relief. (Initially, the parties’ pleadings named Topinka’s
       predecessor, Daniel W. Hynes, as a defendant in the matter; however, the Association later
       filed a “suggestion of record” asserting Topinka became Illinois Comptroller as of January 10,
       2011, and the matter proceeded against Topinka as a defendant.) Following the filings of
       cross-motions for summary judgment, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of
       defendants. The Association appeals. We reverse and remand with directions.

¶2                                          I. BACKGROUND
¶3         In Illinois, each county must elect a treasurer during general elections to serve a four-year
       term. Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII, § 4(c). Pursuant to the Illinois Counties Code (Counties Code),
       “[i]n addition to all other compensation provided by law, every elected county treasurer ***
       shall receive an annual stipend of *** $6,500 if his or her term begins December 1, 2000 or
       thereafter.” 55 ILCS 5/3-10007 (West 2010). The statutory stipend is considered part of each
       county treasurer’s salary. Harlan v. Sweet, 139 Ill. 2d 390, 396, 564 N.E.2d 1192, 1194 (1990).
       On December 1, 2010, all Illinois county treasurers began a new term.
¶4         On November 18, 2010, the Association filed its complaint against defendants, seeking
       declaratory and mandamus relief. It alleged its members were elected county treasurers in
                                                   -2-
       Illinois who, pursuant to the Counties Code, were entitled to receive the annual $6,500 stipend
       as part of their salaries. The Association asserted, although the General Assembly appropriated
       sufficient funds to satisfy payment of the stipends in full, defendants failed to pay each county
       treasurer the full amount of his or her required stipend in fiscal year 2010 (July 1, 2009,
       through June 30, 2010). Instead, each county treasurer received a stipend of only $4,196. The
       Association further alleged that on July 13, 2010, each county treasurer received a letter from
       the Department of Revenue stating annual stipends would be further reduced to $2,600 in fiscal
       year 2011 (July 1, 2010, through June 30, 2011).
¶5          The Association maintained defendants’ actions in fiscal year 2010, and intended actions
       in fiscal year 2011, violated article VII, section 9(b), of the Illinois Constitution (Ill. Const.
       1970, art. VII, § 9(b)), which states “[a]n increase or decrease in the salary of an elected officer
       of any unit of local government shall not take effect during the term for which that officer is
       elected.” In connection with its request for declaratory relief, the Association sought (1) a
       judgment declaring that defendants violated Illinois law and that any future payment to county
       treasurers of less than the statutorily mandated stipend would violate the Illinois Constitution
       and (2) an injunction ordering defendants to comply with the Counties Code and the Illinois
       Constitution. The Association also sought a writ of mandamus compelling defendants to (1)
       comply with section 3-10007 of the Counties Code and the Illinois Constitution and (2)
       authorize payment to, and pay, each county treasurer the full amount of his or her stipend for
       fiscal year 2010, and the full amount of the stipend to which he or she is entitled in the future.
¶6          Defendants filed answers and affirmative defenses to the Association’s complaint, arguing,
       in part, that the Association’s claims were barred by the separation of powers doctrine and
       sovereign immunity. With respect to their separation of powers defense, defendants claimed
       that (1) by law, the General Assembly is charged with making appropriations for all state
       expenditures of public funds (Ill. Const. 1970, art. VIII, § 2(b)), (2) the General Assembly
       failed to appropriate sufficient funds in fiscal years 2010 and 2011 to pay to county officials
       the amounts provided for in the Counties Code, and (3) pursuant to the separations of powers
       doctrine (Ill. Const. 1970, art. II, § 1), defendants had no power to direct, allocate, or otherwise
       authorize payment of money not appropriated by the General Assembly.
¶7          On July 10, 2012, the Association filed a motion for summary judgment, asking the trial
       court to enter judgment in its favor as to both its complaint and defendants’ affirmative
       defenses. On August 14, 2012, defendants filed a cross-motion for summary judgment. On
       March 14, 2013, the trial court granted defendants’ motion. The court determined the
       Association’s claim was barred by the separation of powers doctrine and made a docket entry,
       stating “[t]he power to appropriate revenue for State Expenditures resides exclusively with the
       legislature and the Court has no authority to Order the Legislature to provide appropriation.”
¶8          This appeal followed.

¶9                                         II. ANALYSIS
¶ 10       On appeal, the Association argues the trial court erred in granting defendants’ cross-motion
       for summary judgment. Specifically, it contends its claim is not barred by the separation of

                                                    -3-
       powers doctrine. The Association argues that, contrary to defendants’ arguments, the General
       Assembly did appropriate sufficient funds to pay the statutorily mandated stipends to county
       treasurers in fiscal years 2010 and 2011. Alternatively, citing the supreme court’s decisions in
       Jorgensen v. Blagojevich, 211 Ill. 2d 286, 811 N.E.2d 652 (2004), and Antle v. Tuchbreiter,
       414 Ill. 571, 111 N.E.2d 836 (1953), the Association contends that, even without a sufficient
       appropriation from the General Assembly, the courts have the power to compel payment when,
       as in this case, such an act is categorically commanded by statute or compelled by the
       constitution.
¶ 11        Summary judgment is appropriate when “the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on
       file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material
       fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” 735 ILCS
       5/2-1005(c) (West 2010). “Where the parties file cross-motions for summary judgment ***
       they agree that only a question of law is involved, and they invite the court to decide the issues
       based on the record.” Martin v. Keeley & Sons, Inc., 2012 IL 113270, ¶ 25, 979 N.E.2d 22. The
       trial court’s ruling on a motion for summary judgment is subject to de novo review. Linn v.
       Department of Revenue, 2013 IL App (4th) 121055, ¶ 18, 2 N.E.3d 1203.
¶ 12        The separation of powers clause of the Illinois Constitution provides: “The legislative,
       executive and judicial branches are separate. No branch shall exercise powers properly
       belonging to another.” Ill. Const. 1970, art. II, § 1. The constitution further states that “[t]he
       General Assembly by law shall make appropriations for all expenditures of public funds by the
       State.” Ill. Const. 1970, art. VIII, § 2(b). Thus, it is the legislative branch of government that is
       authorized to make appropriations and attempts to expend state funds without legislative
       appropriation “raise serious separation of powers problems.” McDunn v. Williams, 156 Ill. 2d
       288, 308, 620 N.E.2d 385, 396 (1993); see also Board of Trustees of Community College
       District. No. 508 v. Burris, 118 Ill. 2d 465, 479, 515 N.E.2d 1244, 1250 (1987) (stating the
       comptroller’s disbursement of funds without legislative appropriation would “ ‘override’ the
       action of the legislature and the Governor in making these reductions in an appropriations bill”
       and “creat[e] obvious problems under the separation of powers doctrine”); American
       Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees v. Netsch, 216 Ill. App. 3d 566, 568, 575
       N.E.2d 945, 946 (1991) (“[A]ny attempt by the Comptroller to issue *** funds in the absence
       of an appropriation bill signed into law by the Governor would create obvious problems under
       the separation-of-powers doctrine.”).
¶ 13        Initially, we address the parties’ dispute over whether the legislature made sufficient
       appropriations for county treasurers’ stipends during fiscal years 2010 and 2011. If sufficient
       appropriations were made, no separation of powers problem can be asserted by defendants.
¶ 14        Here, both the Association and defendants agree $663,000 was needed to fully fund county
       treasurers’ stipends in each fiscal year. However, defendants point out the Department of
       Revenue had similar statutory obligations to other county officials, including county sheriffs
       (55 ILCS 5/4-6003(d) (West 2010)), coroners (55 ILCS 5/4-6002(c) (West 2010)), auditors
       (55 ILCS 5/4-6001(h) (West 2010)), supervisors of assessments (35 ILCS 200/3-40 (West
       2010)), and assessment officials (35 ILCS 200/4-10, 4-15, 4-20 (West 2010)). They argue that
       the amount necessary to fully fund payment of the obligations owed to county officials in fiscal
                                                      -4-
       year 2010 was $5,934,000 (representing $663,000 for treasurers’ stipends; $663,000 for
       sheriffs’ stipends; $663,000 for coroners’ stipends; $660,000 for performance compensation to
       assessors; $350,000 for additional compensation for assessors; $2,825,000 for supervisors of
       assessment salaries; and $110,000 for auditors’ stipends). Defendants maintain the amount
       necessary to fully fund statutory obligations in 2011 was $6,084,500.
¶ 15        Defendants argue the General Assembly appropriated only $3,830,500 during each fiscal
       year from which statutorily required payments to county officials could have been made,
       thereby necessitating reduced payments to all county officials. The Association counters that,
       although the General Assembly did not expressly designate funds for county treasurers’ annual
       stipends, it appropriated lump-sum amounts totaling $33,813,900 in fiscal year 2010 and
       $116,791,800 in fiscal year 2011, from which the Department of Revenue could have fulfilled
       its statutory obligations to county officials.
¶ 16        With respect to county treasurers’ stipends, the Counties Code provides as follows:
                “In addition to all other compensation provided by law, every elected county treasurer,
                for additional duties mandated by State law, shall receive an annual stipend of ***
                $6,500 if his or her term begins December 1, 2000 or thereafter, to be annually
                appropriated from the General Revenue Fund by the General Assembly to the
                Department of Revenue which shall distribute the awards in annual lump sum
                payments to every elected county treasurer.” 55 ILCS 5/3-10007 (West 2010).
¶ 17        In fiscal year 2010, the General Assembly made the following appropriations:
                                               “ARTICLE 40
                    Section 5. The following named amounts, or so much thereof as may be necessary,
                respectively, for the objects and purposes hereinafter named, are appropriated from the
                General Revenue Fund to the Department of Revenue to meet its ordinary and
                contingent expenses for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2010:
                                               OPERATIONS
                For Personal Services
                for Bargaining Unit Employees ...................71,191,200
                For State Contributions to Social Security
                for Bargaining Unit Employees ....................5,446,100
                    Section 10. The following named amounts, or so much thereof as may be
                necessary, respectively, for the objects and purposes hereinafter named, are
                appropriated from the General Revenue Fund to the Department of Revenue to meet its
                ordinary and contingent expenses for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2010:

                                           OPERATIONS
              For Personal Services
              for Non-Bargaining Unit Employees ...............11,412,800
              For State Contributions to Social Security
              for Non-Bargaining Unit Employees ..................873,100
                                                  -5-
                   Section 15. The amount of $29,983,400, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is
               appropriated from the General Revenue Fund to the Department of Revenue to meet its
               operational expenses for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2010.
                   Section 25. In addition to other amounts appropriated, the amount of $3,830,500, or
               so much thereof as may be necessary, is appropriated from the General Revenue Fund
               to the Department of Revenue for operational expenses, awards, grants, and permanent
               improvements for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2010.” Pub. Act 96-42, art. 40,
               §§ 5-25 (eff. July 15, 2009).
¶ 18       Similarly, in fiscal year 2011, the General Assembly appropriated funds as follows:
                                              “ARTICLE 21
                   Section 5. The amount of $112,961,300, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is
               appropriated from the General Revenue Fund to the Department of Revenue to meet its
               operational expenses for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2011.
                   Section 6. In addition to other amounts appropriated, the amount of $3,830,500, or
               so much thereof as may be necessary, is appropriated from the General Revenue Fund
               to the Department of Revenue for operational expenses, awards, grants and permanent
               improvements for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2011.” Pub. Act 96-956, art. 21,
               §§ 5-6 (eff. July 1, 2010).
       Both Public Acts defined “operational expenses” to include “personal services.” Pub. Act
       96-42, art. 40, § 10 (eff. July 15, 2009); Pub. Act 96-956, art. 21, §§ 5-6 (eff. July 1, 2010).
¶ 19       Before the trial court and on appeal, defendants have taken the position that the stipends at
       issue are “awards” or “grants” and, therefore, could only be paid out of the $3,830,500
       appropriated by the legislature in both fiscal year 2010 and 2011 “for operational expenses,
       awards, grants and permanent improvements.” However, the Association contends the
       stipends could be paid out of funds appropriated for “operational expenses,” which include
       “personal services.” We agree with defendants.
¶ 20       Pursuant to the State Finance Act “awards and grants” include payments for “[a]wards and
       indemnities, pensions and annuities (other than amounts payable for personal services as
       defined in Section 14); shared revenue payments or grants to local governments or to
       quasi-public agencies; and gratuitous payments to, or charges incurred for the direct benefit of,
       natural persons who are not wards of the State.” 30 ILCS 105/24.5 (West 2010). Further,
       section 14 of the State Finance Act (30 ILCS 105/14 (West 2010)) provides that “[t]he item
       ‘personal services’, when used in an appropriation Act, means the reward or recompense made
       for personal services rendered for the State by an officer or employee of the State or of an
       instrumentality thereof.”
¶ 21       The Association argues county treasurers’ stipends fall within the definition of “personal
       services.” However, section 14 limits the “personal services” described therein as being
       rendered for the State by an officer or employee of the State or of a State instrumentality. The
       county treasurers at issue are county officers and not officers of either the State or one of its
       instrumentalities. Thus, their stipends do not fall within the definition of “personal services”
       and are, instead, included within the definition of “awards and grants.” We note support for
                                                   -6-
       this conclusion is also found in previous public acts, which set forth amounts appropriated for
       treasurers’ stipends under the heading “Government Services Grants.” See Pub. Act 94-798,
       art. 54, § 20 (eff. July 1, 2006); Pub. Act 94-15, art. 41, § 20 (eff. July 1, 2005).
¶ 22        We agree with defendants’ position that the treasurers’ stipends (and similar obligations to
       other county officials) could only have been paid out of the $3,830,500 appropriated by the
       legislature in both fiscal year 2010 and 2011 “for operational expenses, awards, grants and
       permanent improvements.” Defendants have alleged, without any dispute from the
       Association, that it required appropriations in the amount of $5,934,000 in fiscal year 2010 and
       $6,084,500 in fiscal year 2011 to fulfill its statutory obligations. As a result, the record reflects
       amounts appropriated by the General Assembly in fiscal years 2010 and 2011 were insufficient
       to fulfill the Department of Revenue’s statutory obligations to county officials.
¶ 23        We next address the Association’s contention that, even without a sufficient appropriation
       from the General Assembly, payment of the stipends at issue can be compelled by the court.
       The Association cites the supreme court’s decisions in Jorgensen and Antle to support its
       position. Conversely, defendants maintain state funds may not be disbursed without an
       appropriation from the General Assembly. They argue statutory provisions which set forth
       financial obligations do not constitute appropriations and argue the cases cited by plaintiff
       have no application to the facts presented here. In addressing these issues, we note the facts in
       this case implicate two competing constitutional requirements. Specifically, the Illinois
       Constitution provides both that (1) “[t]he General Assembly by law shall make appropriations
       for all expenditures of public funds by the State” (Ill. Const. 1970, art. VIII, § 2(b)) and (2)
       “[a]n increase or decrease in the salary of an elected officer of any unit of local government
       shall not take effect during the term for which that officer is elected” (Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII,
       § 9(b)).
¶ 24        In Jorgensen, 211 Ill. 2d at 287, 811 N.E.2d at 654, the issue before the supreme court was
       “whether the General Assembly and the Governor violated the Illinois Constitution when they
       attempted to eliminate the cost-of-living adjustments [(COLAs)] to judicial salaries provided
       by law for the 2003 and 2004 fiscal years.” Similar to constitutional requirements in the case at
       bar, the Illinois Constitution prohibits the diminishment of judicial salaries during a judge’s
       term of office. Jorgensen, 211 Ill. 2d at 287, 811 N.E.2d at 654 (quoting Ill. Const. 1970, art.
       VI, § 14). The court determined that COLAs had “been a fully vested component of judicial
       salaries in Illinois since 1990” and “efforts by the legislature and Governor to prevent the
       Judges from receiving them violated” constitutional provisions against the diminishment of
       judicial salaries. Jorgensen, 211 Ill. 2d at 307-08, 811 N.E.2d at 664-65. Ultimately, the court
       ordered payment of the judicial COLAs in both fiscal years 2003 and 2004. Jorgensen, 211 Ill.
       2d at 316-17, 811 N.E.2d at 670.
¶ 25        In reaching its decision, the supreme court determined that it was “within the power of the
       judicial branch to compel the State to pay [judicial COLAs] without a specific appropriation
       for that payment.” Jorgensen, 211 Ill. 2d at 314, 811 N.E.2d at 668-69. The court stated as
       follows:
                “The money to pay [fiscal year 2003] COLA has not been included in appropriations
                enacted by the General Assembly. The absence of such an appropriation, however,
                                                     -7-
              cannot be invoked by the Comptroller to defeat the Judges’ constitutionally protected
              right against reduction in their salaries. The State Comptroller Act provides that an
              obligation or expenditure must be ‘pursuant to law and authorized’ before the
              Comptroller may draw a warrant for its payment. 15 ILCS 405/9(b) (West 2002). In
              most instances the requisite authority is found in statutory enactments supported by
              relevant appropriations. Other types of ‘obligational or expenditure authority,’
              however, will also suffice. See 15 ILCS 405/9(b), (c) (West 2002). In the case before
              us, that authority is furnished by a court order.
                   We repeat a point made earlier in this opinion. The Illinois Constitution of 1970
              places the judicial power of government in the courts. See Ill. Const. 1970, art. VI, § 1.
              The judicial power includes ‘all powers necessary for complete performance of the
              judicial functions.’ [Citation.] Among those powers is the power to administer the
              court system. [Citations.] Indeed, article VI, section 16, of the Illinois Constitution (Ill.
              Const. 1970, art. VI, § 16) expressly provides that ‘[g]eneral administrative and
              supervisory authority over all courts is vested in the Supreme Court.’
                   The court’s administrative authority over the judicial branch carries with it the
              corresponding authority to require production of the facilities, personnel and resources
              necessary to enable the judicial branch to perform its constitutional responsibilities.
              That includes payment of the judicial salaries provided by law. There is no question
              that such authority must be invoked sparingly. The courts will normally defer to the
              other governmental branches having initial responsibility for providing the necessary
              funding. When those branches have failed to furnish resources essential to the court’s
              operations, however, the judiciary may compel them to act through appropriate order.
              [Citation.]” Jorgensen, 211 Ill. 2d at 311-12, 811 N.E.2d at 667.
¶ 26       Defendants argue Jorgensen is not applicable to the facts presented by this case because
       the decision there was “premised upon the Illinois Supreme Court’s administrative authority
       over the judicial branch of government under the Illinois Constitution and upon concerns
       unique to the judiciary.” Clearly, the order at issue in Jorgensen was made “pursuant to the
       inherent right of the courts to order payment of judicial salaries”; however, in reaching its
       decision, the court also relied heavily on constitutional requirements. Jorgensen, 211 Ill. 2d at
       315, 811 N.E.2d at 669 (stating the court’s order was issued pursuant to the inherent right of
       the courts to order payment of judicial salaries which the state was constitutionally required to
       make). The court stated as follows:
              “The executive branch, no less than the legislative branch, is bound by the commands
              of our constitution. The judicial power of the State of Illinois is vested in the courts (Ill.
              Const. 1970, art. VI, § 1), and it is the duty of the judiciary to construe the constitution
              and determine whether its provisions have been disregarded by either of the other
              branches of government. [Citations.] If officials of the executive branch have exceeded
              their lawful authority, the courts have not hesitated and must not hesitate to say so.
              [Citations.]” Jorgensen, 211 Ill. 2d at 310-11, 811 N.E.2d at 666.
       The court additionally stated:

                                                     -8-
                    “Our court has held that ‘[w]here a statute categorically commands the
                performance of an act, so much money as is necessary to obey the command may be
                disbursed without any explicit appropriation.’ Antle v. Tuchbreiter, 414 Ill. 571, 581[,
                111 N.E.2d 836] (1953). If that is so with respect to statutorily mandated action, it is
                unquestionably so with respect to actions compelled by the constitution.” Jorgensen,
                211 Ill. 2d at 314, 811 N.E.2d at 668.
¶ 27       Further, “limitations written into the Constitution are restrictions on legislative power and
       are enforceable by the courts.” Client Follow-Up Co. v. Hynes, 75 Ill. 2d 208, 215, 390 N.E.2d
       847, 850 (1979). “It is the duty of the judiciary to construe the Constitution and determine
       whether its provisions have been disregarded by the actions of any of the branches of
       government.” Rock v. Thompson, 85 Ill. 2d 410, 418, 426 N.E.2d 891, 896 (1981). “[T]he
       doctrine of separation of powers does not prevent the court from ascertaining compliance with
       or mandating performance of constitutional duties.” Rock, 85 Ill. 2d at 417, 426 N.E.2d at 896.
                    “The separation of powers provision was not designed to achieve a complete
                divorce among the three branches of our tripartite system of government. [Citations.]
                Nor does it prescribe a division of governmental powers into rigid, mutually exclusive
                compartments. [Citations.] Because each branch of government is not required to
                exercise its powers in complete isolation of the other two branches, the separation of
                powers doctrine contemplates a government of separate branches having certain shared
                or overlapping powers. [Citations.] Thus, the decisions of this court recognize that the
                separation of powers provision does not prohibit every exercise of functions by one
                branch of government which ordinarily are exercised by another. [Citations.]” People
                v. Walker, 119 Ill. 2d 465, 473-74, 519 N.E.2d 890, 892 (1988).
¶ 28       Here, the constitution unquestionably prohibits increases or decreases to the salary of “an
       elected officer of any unit of local government *** during the term for which that officer is
       elected.” Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII, § 9(b). County treasurers are elected county officers and
       subject to this constitutional provision. Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII, § 4(c). Additionally, the
       statutory stipend is considered a part of each county treasurer’s salary. Harlan, 139 Ill. 2d at
       396, 564 N.E.2d at 1194. Thus, decreases to a county treasurer’s stipend during his or her term
       of office violate the constitution.
¶ 29       Further, given the supreme court’s decision in Jorgensen, the duty of the judiciary to
       construe the constitution to determine whether its provisions have been violated, and the fact
       that judicial power includes all powers necessary for complete performance of judicial
       functions, it is within the power of the courts to compel payment of county treasurers’ stipends
       when the failure to pay stipends in the amount required by statute violates the constitution. In
       this limited circumstance, a court order compelling payment without appropriation is not
       prohibited by the separation of powers doctrine but necessary to ensure compliance with
       constitutional requirements.
¶ 30       On appeal, defendants cite several cases to support their position that any additional
       payment of county treasurers’ stipends for fiscal years 2010 and 2011 would violate the
       separation of powers doctrine. Specifically, defendants cite People ex rel. Millner v. Russel,
       311 Ill. 96, 142 N.E. 537 (1924), Quinn v. Donnewald, 107 Ill. 2d 179, 483 N.E.2d 216 (1985),
                                                     -9-
       and Burris, 118 Ill. 2d 465, 515 N.E.2d 1244, for the proposition that an appropriation by the
       General Assembly is necessary to disburse state funds even when a statutory provision
       establishes a fixed salary or other financial obligation. We find these cases distinguishable
       from the circumstances presented by this appeal.
¶ 31        In Millner, 311 Ill. at 98, 142 N.E. at 537, an assistant Attorney General filed a petition for
       a writ of mandamus, seeking to compel payment of his salary out of “money in the state
       treasury not otherwise appropriated.” That case involved a statute creating the assistant
       Attorney General’s position, fixing his annual salary, and directing that the salary be paid in
       monthly installments. Millner, 311 Ill. at 98, 142 N.E. at 537. Although the General Assembly
       initially appropriated sufficient funds to pay the salary as provided by statute, the Governor
       vetoed the appropriation. Millner, 311 Ill. at 97-98, 142 N.E. at 537. The supreme court denied
       the writ, holding the statute fixing the assistant Attorney General’s salary “was not intended to
       be, and could not be, considered an appropriation of money to pay the salary.” Millner, 311 Ill.
       at 112, 142 N.E. at 542.
¶ 32        In Donnewald, 107 Ill. 2d at 183, 483 N.E.2d at 218, the plaintiffs sought a declaratory
       judgment holding the Compensation Review Act (Act) (Ill. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 63,
       ¶¶ 901 to 906) violated the Illinois Constitution and enjoining the State Treasurer and
       Comptroller from expending public funds pursuant to that Act. The Act created the
       Compensation Review Board (Board), “the function of which [was] to recommend to the
       General Assembly the compensation for members of the General Assembly, judges, elected
       constitutional officers, and certain appointed officers of the State.” Donnewald, 107 Ill. 2d at
       183, 483 N.E.2d at 218. In finding the plaintiffs failed to meet their burden in challenging the
       constitutionality of a statute, the supreme court rejected their contention that a section of the
       Act, providing that “ ‘[t]he General Assembly shall appropriate the funds necessary to pay the
       salaries set by the Board,’ ” was unconstitutional because it conferred on the Board the power
       to make appropriations. Donnewald, 107 Ill. 2d at 191, 483 N.E.2d at 222 (quoting Ill. Rev.
       Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 63, ¶ 906). The court stated as follows:
                “We agree *** with the trial court’s sensible construction that ‘shall’ means simply that
                an appropriation bill is necessary, as it is in any other instance where State funds are to
                be disbursed. To interpret the quoted language as an open pledge or commitment by the
                General Assembly to make appropriations in the future would be clearly
                unreasonable.” Donnewald, 107 Ill. 2d at 191, 483 N.E.2d at 222.
¶ 33        Finally, in Burris, 118 Ill. 2d at 468, 515 N.E.2d at 1245, the board of trustees for a
       community college district brought an action seeking reimbursement under the State Mandates
       Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 85, ¶¶ 2201 to 2210) for funds it expended for veterans’
       scholarships during fiscal years 1982 and 1983. The supreme court held the Comptroller
       properly refused to pay the plaintiff’s claims where sufficient appropriations had not been
       made. Burris, 118 Ill. 2d at 478, 515 N.E.2d at 1250. The court stated as follows:
                “[B]oth the legislature and the Governor intended that the funding for the scholarships
                be reduced and that the colleges be responsible for the difference in costs. If we
                accepted the plaintiff’s view, the Comptroller, in essence, would be able to ‘override’
                the action of the legislature and the Governor in making these reductions in an
                                                     - 10 -
                appropriations bill, creating obvious problems under the separation of powers doctrine.
                *** The disbursement of funds would frustrate the clear legislative intent to reduce the
                appropriation for this scholarship program. The Comptroller acted properly in refusing
                to disburse the funds claimed by the College.” Burris, 118 Ill. 2d at 479, 515 N.E.2d at
                1250-51.
¶ 34        We do not disagree with the results in Millner, Donnewald, or Burris, or the general
       propositions set forth therein. However, we find those cases are distinguishable and fail to
       address the precise factual circumstances presented by the case at bar. In addition to obvious
       factual dissimilarities, none of the cases cited by defendants involved the violation of an
       explicit constitutional requirement as a result of insufficient appropriations. Here, the practical
       effect of the failure to appropriate sufficient funds was the diminishment of treasurers’ salaries
       during the treasurers’ terms of office, which, as discussed, violated article VII, section 9(b), of
       the Illinois Constitution.
¶ 35        Additionally, defendants cite this court’s decision in Russell v. Blagojevich, 367 Ill. App.
       3d 530, 853 N.E.2d 920 (2006), noting it was decided after Jorgensen and asserting we
       “recognized the continuing viability of Burris and the general rule that legislative
       appropriations are necessary to permit an expenditure of State funds.” In Russell, the plaintiff
       was a former State’s Attorney who filed a mandamus complaint, asserting that, like the judges
       at issue in Jorgensen, he was improperly denied the COLA provided for by law in fiscal year
       2003. Russell, 367 Ill. App. 3d at 532, 853 N.E.2d at 923. The trial court dismissed the
       plaintiff’s complaint, and we affirmed. Russell, 367 Ill. App. 3d at 530, 853 N.E.2d at 921.
¶ 36        Although we cited Burris for the proposition that the General Assembly must make an
       appropriation prior to the payment of state funds, we also noted that, “in Jorgensen, the
       supreme court gave authorization by court order to the Comptroller to issue warrants drawn on
       the treasury of the State of Illinois to pay the judges.” Russell, 367 Ill. App. 3d at 537, 853
       N.E.2d at 927. We went on to distinguish that case and Burris from Jorgensen on the basis that,
       unlike in Jorgensen, there had been no constitutional violation, stating as follows:
                    “In the instant case, as in Burris and unlike Jorgensen, there is no constitutional
                prohibition to the diminishment of a State’s Attorney’s salary. Further, if the
                Comptroller were to make the payments as plaintiff requests, he would, as was the case
                in Burris, ‘override’ the action of the General Assembly without a constitutional
                mandate.
                    Because *** the Illinois Constitution contains no prohibition against increases or
                decreases in a State’s Attorney[s’] salary, [the] denial of a COLA to plaintiff is not
                unconstitutional.” (Emphasis added.) Russell, 367 Ill. App. 3d at 538, 853 N.E.2d at
                927.
¶ 37        Again, this case, like Jorgensen, involves a constitutional prohibition against increases or
       decreases in treasurers’ salaries. As a result, this case is factually similar to Jorgensen and
       unlike the cases relied upon by defendants.
¶ 38        Here, we note all Illinois county treasurers began a new term of office on December 1,
       2010, and the previous four-year term for treasurers was December 1, 2006, through

                                                   - 11 -
       November 31, 2010. The decrease in stipends in fiscal years 2010 and 2011 was only
       unconstitutional with respect to those treasurers holding office from December 1, 2006, to
       November 31, 2010. Specifically, the decrease in fiscal year 2010 stipends took effect on July
       15, 2009, when Public Act 96-42 (setting forth appropriations for fiscal year 2010) became
       effective. Thus, the decrease in stipends for fiscal year 2010 occurred during treasurers’
       December 2006 to November 2010 term of office and violated article VII, section 9(b) of the
       Illinois Constitution. Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII, § 9(b). Payment of those stipends in full may be
       compelled by court order.
¶ 39        The decrease in stipends for fiscal year 2011 (under Public Act 96-956) became effective
       on July 1, 2010. Therefore, it also impermissibly constituted a decrease in treasurers’ salaries
       during the treasurers’ December 2006 to November 2010 terms of office. Payment of fiscal
       year 2011 stipends for treasurers holding office from December 2006 to November 2010 may
       also be compelled. However, because the fiscal year 2011 decrease occurred prior to, and not
       during, county treasurers’ terms of office that began on December 1, 2010, no constitutional
       violation occurred and payment to those treasurers may not be compelled by court order.
¶ 40        On appeal, defendants assert sovereign immunity also provides a sufficient basis to support
       the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in their favor. The Illinois Constitution provides
       that “[e]xcept as the General Assembly may provide by law, sovereign immunity in this State
       is abolished.” Ill. Const. 1970, art. XIII, § 4. Thereafter, “the General Assembly reestablished
       sovereign immunity in the State Lawsuit Immunity Act.” PHL, Inc. v. Pullman Bank & Trust
       Co., 216 Ill. 2d 250, 260, 836 N.E.2d 351, 356 (2005) (citing 745 ILCS 5/0.01 et seq. (West
       1998)). Section 1 of the State Lawsuit Immunity Act provides that the State shall not be made
       a defendant or party in any court “[e]xcept as provided in the Illinois Public Labor Relations
       Act, the Court of Claims Act, the State Officials and Employees Ethics Act, and Section 1.5 of
       this Act.” 745 ILCS 5/1 (West 2010). The Court of Claims Act then provides that the Court of
       Claims “shall have exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine *** [a]ll claims against the
       State founded upon any law of the State of Illinois or upon any regulation adopted thereunder
       by an executive or administrative officer or agency.” 705 ILCS 505/8(a) (West 2010).
¶ 41        However, one exception to the sovereign immunity doctrine is the “officer suit” exception,
       which applies when there is an action against a state officer based on allegations that he or she,
       while claiming to act for the State, enforces an unconstitutional act or acts beyond his or her
       authority. PHL, 216 Ill. 2d at 261, 836 N.E.2d at 357. In such instances, the suit is not against
       the State. PHL, 216 Ill. 2d at 261, 836 N.E.2d at 357. The exception is based on the
       presumption that “ ‘the State, or a department thereof, will not, and does not, violate the
       constitution and laws of the State, but that such violation, if it occurs, is by a State officer or the
       head of a department of the State, and such officer or head may be restrained by proper action
       instituted by a citizen.’ ” PHL, 216 Ill. 2d at 261, 836 N.E.2d at 357 (quoting Schwing v. Miles,
       367 Ill. 436, 441-42, 11 N.E.2d 944, 947 (1937)).
¶ 42        Recently, in Wilson v. Quinn, 2013 IL App (5th) 120337, ¶ 19, 1 N.E.3d 586, the Fifth
       District determined the “officer suit” exception applied in a case factually similar to the case at
       bar. There, the plaintiffs were two Illinois county sheriffs who filed an action in the circuit
       court against the Governor, “seeking a judgment declaring that the failure of the Governor to
                                                     - 12 -
       authorize full payment of a statutorily mandated annual stipend in 2010 was contrary to the law
       and the constitution of Illinois.” Wilson, 2013 IL App (5th) 120337, ¶ 1, 1 N.E.3d 586.
       Ultimately, the circuit court granted the Governor’s motion to dismiss, finding the plaintiffs’
       action barred by the State Lawsuit Immunity Act. Wilson, 2013 IL App (5th) 120337, ¶ 1, 1
       N.E.3d 586.
¶ 43       The Fifth District reversed and remanded. Wilson, 2013 IL App (5th) 120337, ¶ 1, 1
       N.E.3d 586. It considered the allegations in the plaintiffs’ complaint, stating they asserted “that
       the Governor failed to authorize full payment of the 2010 stipend as mandated in section
       4-6003(d) of the Counties Code [(55 ILCS 5/4-6003(d) (West 2010))], and that the Governor
       thereby violated the law and article VII, section 9(b), of the Illinois Constitution [(Ill. Const.
       1970, art. VII, § 9(b))].” Wilson, 2013 IL App (5th) 120337, ¶ 16, 1 N.E.3d 586.
¶ 44       The Fifth District also considered the relief requested, noting “[t]he plaintiffs have prayed
       for a judgment declaring that the Governor acted in violation of the Illinois Constitution and
       section 4-6003(d) of the Counties Code when he failed to authorize full payment of their
       annual stipend for 2010, and that they are entitled to receive the full amount of the 2010
       stipend, their costs, and other fair and equitable relief.” Wilson, 2013 IL App (5th) 120337,
       ¶ 17, 1 N.E.3d 586. The court pointed out that the plaintiffs did not allege “statutory violations
       as a predicate for imposing liability in contract or in tort on the State of Illinois” and, instead,
       “asked for a declaration that the Governor has failed and continues to fail to do what the law
       requires.” Wilson, 2013 IL App (5th) 120337, ¶ 17, 1 N.E.3d 586. Finally, it determined the
       plaintiffs’ complaint contained “sufficient factual allegations to satisfy the necessary elements
       for mandamus relief.” Wilson, 2013 IL App (5th) 120337, ¶ 18, 1 N.E.3d 586.
¶ 45       Based upon those circumstances, the Fifth District determined “[t]he factual allegations in
       the plaintiffs’ complaint [were] sufficient to establish jurisdiction in the circuit court under the
       ‘officer suit’ exception to the doctrine of sovereign immunity and to support the remedy of
       mandamus.” Wilson, 2013 IL App (5th) 120337, ¶ 19, 1 N.E.3d 586. We find the facts
       presented by this case are similar. The Association raises similar allegations and requests the
       same relief. For the same reasons set forth in Wilson, we also find the “officer suit” exception
       to the doctrine of sovereign immunity applies. As a result, defendants were not entitled to
       summary judgment on that asserted basis.
¶ 46       Here, the trial court erred by granting summary judgment in favor of defendants on the
       basis that the Association’s claims were barred by the separation of powers doctrine. In this
       instance, the General Assembly failed to appropriate sufficient funds to fulfill the Department
       of Revenue’s statutory obligations to county officials, including county treasurers’ stipends
       and the failure to pay those obligations violated constitutional provisions prohibiting decreases
       in the salary of “an elected officer of any unit of local government *** during the term for
       which that officer is elected” (Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII, § 9(b)). As stated, however, no
       constitutional violation occurred with respect to treasurers’ terms of office which began
       December 1, 2010, as the decrease in stipends for fiscal year 2011 became effective prior to
       that date. Thus, each county treasurer (serving an elected term from December 1, 2006,

                                                    - 13 -
       through November 31, 2010) was constitutionally entitled to receive fiscal year 2010 stipends
       in full and his or her pro rata share of the full amount of fiscal year 2011 stipends.
¶ 47       In this instance, the record reflects the Association, and not defendants, was entitled to
       summary judgment. We reverse the trial court’s judgment, granting summary judgment in
       favor of defendants, and direct it to enter summary judgment in favor of the Association
       consistent with this decision.

¶ 48                                     III. CONCLUSION
¶ 49       For the reasons stated, we reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand with directions
       that it enter summary judgment in favor of the Association consistent with this decision.

¶ 50      Reversed and remanded with directions.

                                                 - 14 -