Court Opinion

ID: 6317669
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-25 17:11:08.943419+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:00:42.708992
License: Public Domain

J-A28027-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    SEAN SCHOEN                                :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 375 MDA 2021

         Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 4, 2021
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Wyoming County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-66-MD-0000060-2020

BEFORE:      LAZARUS, J., NICHOLS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.:                          FILED FEBRUARY 25, 2022

        Appellant Sean Schoen appeals from the judgment of sentence imposed

after he was found in indirect criminal contempt1 (ICC) of an order entered

pursuant to the Protection from Abuse (PFA) Act.2 Appellant argues that the

Commonwealth failed to present sufficient evidence establishing ICC based on

testimony from the victim and the investigating officer. We affirm.

        The trial court summarized the underlying facts of this matter as follows:

        This matter came before the court for hearing on indirect criminal
        contempt of a [PFA order] on March 4, 2021. The Court of
        Common Pleas of Lackawanna County issued [a PFA order] which
        is docketed [at Docket No. 40668-2020] and is between [the
        victim,] Alyssa Marie Schoen and [Appellant]. [The victim] and
        [Appellant] are married but currently separated. The Lackawanna
____________________________________________

*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1   23 Pa.C.S. § 6114.

2   23 Pa.C.S. §§ 6101-6122.
J-A28027-21

       County PFA was in effect on October 9, 2020. On October 9, 2020,
       despite the PFA being in full force and effect, [Appellant] contacted
       [the victim] via Facebook, through an account with the name
       “Sean Sean.” [The victim] took a screen shot of the Facebook
       friend request and forwarded it to the police.

       It is worth noting that in or around September of 2020,
       [Appellant] also violated the PFA order and entered a guilty plea
       regarding the same. Approximately one (1) week after the instant
       PFA violation, [the victim] dropped the PFA in Lackawanna County
       because [the victim] and [Appellant] have children together and
       she was hoping to get along for the sake of the children. After the
       PFA was dropped, [the victim] did accept the Facebook friend
       request from Sean Sean and it was, in fact, [Appellant]. Since the
       time of dropping the Lackawanna County PFA, a PFA order has
       been entered in Wyoming County.

       Corporal John Zdaniewicz of the Tunkhannock Township Police
       Department testified that on October 9, 2020[,] he was contacted
       by [the victim] regarding a PFA violation. [The victim] then went
       to the station to give Corporal Zdaniewicz a statement and provide
       him a copy of the screenshot.[3]

       Following full hearing in this matter, the court issued an order
       dated March 4, 2021 finding [Appellant] guilty of indirect criminal
       contempt. [Appellant] was ordered to pay the cost of prosecution,
       pay a fine in the amount of three hundred dollars ($300.00) and
       be committed to the Wyoming County Correctional Facility for a
       period of seventy-two (72) hours with said period of commitment
       commencing on April 5, 2021.

Trial Ct. Op., 4/22/21, at 1-2.

       Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal and a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P.

1925(b) statement. The trial court issued a Rule 1925(a) opinion reiterating

the basis for Appellant’s ICC conviction.

____________________________________________

3 At the hearing, Appellant argued that the Commonwealth failed to present
sufficient evidence to establish that he was the individual who sent the
Facebook friend request. See N.T. PFA Hr’g, 3/4/21, 37-38.

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       On appeal, Appellant raises the following issues:

       1. Did the trial court abuse its discretion as a matter of law in
          finding that the Commonwealth met its burden of proof in
          establishing that Appellant violated a PFA order that had
          previously been in place against him, when the testimony of
          the complaining witness was insufficient to support Appellant’s
          conviction?

       2. Did the trial court abuse its discretion as a matter of law in
          finding that the Commonwealth met its burden of proof in
          establishing that Appellant violated a PFA order that had
          previously been in place against him, when the testimony of
          the investigati[ng] officer was insufficient to support
          Appellant’s conviction?

Appellant’s Brief at 3.

       Both of Appellant’s claims challenge the sufficiency of the evidence. 4 In

reviewing these issues, we are guided by the following principles:

       We review a contempt conviction for an abuse of discretion. We
       rely on the discretion of the trial court judge and are confined to
       a determination of whether the facts support the trial court’s
       decision. In reviewing whether the evidence was sufficient to
       support the conviction, we must determine whether the evidence
       admitted at trial, and all reasonable inferences drawn from that
       evidence, when viewed in the light most favorable to the
       Commonwealth as verdict winner, was sufficient to enable the fact
       finder to conclude that the Commonwealth established all of the
       elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying
       the above test, we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our
       judgment for the fact-finder. Finally, the trier of fact[,] while
____________________________________________

4 We note that although Appellant raised the instant claims in his Rule 1925(b)
statement, he failed to identify which elements he sought to challenge on
appeal. Therefore, we could find Appellant’s sufficiency claims waived on that
basis. See Commonwealth v. Garland, 63 A.3d 339, 344 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(reiterating that an appellant’s Rule 1925(b) statement must state with
specificity the element or elements for which the appellant alleges that the
evidence was insufficient). However, because Appellant’s challenge to the
evidence is clear from the record, we decline to find waiver.

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      passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the
      evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the
      evidence.

      This Court has repeatedly stated that “[t]he purpose of the PFA
      Act is to protect victims of domestic violence from those who
      perpetrate such abuse, with the primary goal of advance
      prevention of physical and sexual abuse.” Where a PFA order is
      involved, an indirect criminal contempt charge is designed to seek
      punishment for violation of the protective order. A charge of
      indirect criminal contempt consists of a claim that a violation of
      an order occurred outside the presence of the court.

      In order to establish indirect criminal contempt, the
      Commonwealth must prove: 1) the order was sufficiently definite,
      clear, and specific to the contemnor as to leave no doubt of the
      conduct prohibited; 2) the contemnor had notice of the order; 3)
      the act constituting the violation must have been volitional; and
      4) the contemnor must have acted with wrongful intent.

Commonwealth v. Felder, 176 A.3d 331, 333-334 (Pa. Super. 2017)

(citations omitted, some formatting altered).

      We summarize Appellant’s sufficiency claims together. First, Appellant

argues that the Commonwealth failed “to prove beyond a reasonable doubt

that the Facebook friend request in fact came from Appellant.” Id. at 11. In

support, Appellant asserts that although the victim “stated that she ‘knew’ the

Facebook friend request had come from Appellant,” she did not conduct “any

other type of information gathering to determine if the Facebook friend

request could have possibly come from anyone else other than Appellant, such

as contacting Facebook to attempt to learn information about the account

holder.” Id. at 11-12. Further, Appellant argues that because the victim did

not reside with him at the time of the alleged violation, “she would not have

a way of knowing if anyone other than Appellant had access to his Facebook

                                     -4-
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account or electronic devices.” Id. at 12. Therefore, Appellant concludes that

the victim’s testimony was insufficient to support his conviction. Id.

      Appellant also argues that Corporal Zdaniewicz’s testimony “relied

primarily on the victim’s statements that the Facebook friend request came

from Appellant, and [Corporal Zdaniewicz] did not attempt to contact or

interview Appellant about the alleged incident.” Id. at 14. Further, Appellant

contends that Corporal Zdaniewicz never attempted to gather any information

to confirm whether the Facebook account belonged to Appellant.               Id.

Therefore, Appellant concludes that the “social media evidence in this case

[was] not properly authenticated, as demonstrated through the insufficient

testimony of Corporal Zdaniewicz, such that Appellant’s conviction was not

supported by the evidence offered.” Id.

      Here, the trial court addressed Appellant’s ICC conviction, in part, as

follows:

      The PFA order specifically states, “[Appellant] shall not contact
      [the victim], or any other person protected under this order, by
      telephone or by any other means, including through third
      persons.” The testimony was clear that an individual with the
      name Sean Sean with a profile picture resembling [Appellant] sent
      a Facebook friend request to [the victim] while an active PFA order
      was in place. [The victim] further testified that after dropping the
      PFA order, she accepted the Facebook friend request from Sean
      Sean and it was in fact [Appellant].

Trial Ct. Op. at 2-3.

      Based on our review of the record, we discern no abuse of discretion by

the trial court. See Felder, 176 A.3d at 333. At the PFA hearing, the victim

                                     -5-
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testified that she received a friend request from a Facebook account that used

a photo of Appellant as the profile picture. See N.T. PFA Hr’g at 13. The

victim also stated that she knew Appellant used his phone and laptop to access

Facebook, and that he did not allow other people to use either of those

devices. See id. Moreover, the victim testified that after she accepted the

friend request from “Sean Sean,” Appellant changed his Facebook name back

to “Sean M. Schoen” and then used the account to send messages to the

victim about their children. See id. at 33.

       Under these circumstances, we agree with the trial court that the

victim’s testimony was sufficient to prove that Appellant was the individual

who sent her a Facebook friend request, which violated the terms of the PFA

order.5   See Felder, 176 A.3d at 333-34; see also Commonwealth v.

Johnson, 180 A.3d 474, 479-81 (Pa. Super. 2018) (reiterating that it is the

factfinder who is responsible for determining the credibility of witnesses, and

the credible testimony of one witness can be sufficient to sustain a conviction);

Commonwealth v. Brumbaugh, 932 A.2d 108, 109-10 (Pa. Super. 2007)

(stating that “[t]he Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every

element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly

circumstantial evidence”). Accordingly, Appellant is not entitled to relief.

____________________________________________

5 Because we conclude that the victim’s testimony was sufficient to establish
Appellant’s identity as the sender of the Facebook messages, we do not
discuss Appellant’s claim that Corporal Zdaniewicz’s testimony was
“insufficient” or that the “social media evidence” was not properly
authenticated.

                                           -6-
J-A28027-21

     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/25/2022

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