Court Opinion

ID: 28633
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 09:25:49+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:49:58.991262
License: Public Domain

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                      FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
                   __________________________

                   Nos. 01-60706 and 01-60707
                   __________________________

IVAN O. MORRIS, JR., Individually;
JEFFREY H. MORRIS, Individually;
WILMOT FLYING SERVICE INC.,

                                          Plaintiffs - Appellees,
                                  v.

MISSISSIPPI FARM BUREAU MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY;
SOUTHERN FARM BUREAU CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY,

                                         Defendants - Appellants.

_________________________________________________________________

      Appeal from the United States District Court for the
       Southern District of Mississippi, Western Division
                      USDC No. 5:01-CV-6-BrS
_________________________________________________________________
                          August 16, 2002

Before JOLLY, DUHÉ and DENNIS, Circuit Judges.

E. GRADY JOLLY, Circuit Judge:*

     This appeal arises out of a series of four related lawsuits

that were filed in or removed to the federal district court.

Specifically, this appeal involves two of the cases, one which the

district court remanded for lack of subject matter jurisdiction

     *
      Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that
this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except
under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.

                                   1
(case number 01-60707), and one over which the district court

exercised    jurisdiction,        dismissed      the     federal    claims     with

prejudice, and remanded the remaining state law claims (case number

01-60706).    On appeal, appellants Mississippi Farm Bureau Mutual

Insurance Company and Southern Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company

(collectively, “Farm Bureau”) contend that: the district court did

not   actually     remand   01-60707       for    lack     of    subject     matter

jurisdiction; the district court abused its discretion in declining

to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining state law

claims; and      the   district    court   erred    in    failing    to    identify

specifically and accurately each federal claim being dismissed and

each state claim being remanded. Because we find that the district

court did remand 01-60707 for lack of subject matter jurisdiction,

we have no appellate jurisdiction over this case and we grant

Wilmot’s motion to dismiss the appeal.             Finding no error or abuse

of discretion in 01-60706, we affirm the district court’s rulings

in that case.

                                       I

      The appellees, Ivan O. Morris, Jeffrey H. Morris, and Wilmot

Flying Service, Inc. (collectively, “Wilmot”) are the successors in

interest to Loch Leven Plantation, which owned six grain bins on

the Mississippi River levee in Wilkinson County, Mississippi.

During a flood in April 1997, water eroded the foundations of the

grain bins and caused them to become unlevel.                   Loch made a claim

for repair of the grain bins under six Standard Flood Insurance

                                       2
Policies (one for each bin) issued by the appellants.    Farm Bureau

adjusted the claim and paid the proceeds to Loch Leven on August

11, 1997.   Wilmot had purchased the property in July 1997, and Loch

Leven tendered the proceeds to Wilmot.

     When Wilmot purchased the property, the six Standard Flood

Insurance Policies were assigned to Wilmot.   Loch Leven also had a

Standard Fire Policy on the grain bins which was not subject to

assignment, so it was canceled when the property was sold and

Wilmot purchased a new policy from Farm Bureau.   The effective date

of the policy was September 21, 1997.     Wilmot alleges that Farm

Bureau never delivered a copy of this policy to Wilmot.

     Subsequently, in October 1997 the ground under the bins sank

forty feet and they were destroyed.   Wilmot mentioned this loss to

Farm Bureau’s adjuster, but did not make a claim under either

policy for the loss.   Farm Bureau states that it heard nothing else

about the loss until late in 1999, when Wilmot’s attorney began

asking for copies of Farm Bureau’s claims information.

     In April 2000, Wilmot filed suit in the United States District

Court for the Southern District of Mississippi, alleging that Farm

Bureau had engaged in bad faith conduct by improperly denying a

claim for coverage under the Standard Flood Policies for the

October 1997 loss. Wilmot Flying Service, Inc. v. Mississippi Farm

Bureau Mutual Ins. Co. and Southern Farm Bureau Casualty Ins. Co.,

No. 5:00-CV-94-BrS (S.D. Miss.) (“Wilmot I”).      Wilmot sought to

amend the complaint to add a claim based on the Standard Fire

                                  3
Policy.    Wilmot ultimately consented to the entry of summary

judgment in this case in favor of Farm Bureau on May 3, 2001.

      Farm Bureau filed a companion case for declaratory judgment on

the   Standard   Fire   Policy,   also   in   the   Southern   District   of

Mississippi.     Mississippi Farm Bureau Mutual Ins. Co. v. Wilmot

Flying Service, Inc., No. 5:00-CV-278-Br-S (S.D. Miss.) (“Wilmot

II”).   This suit has been stayed by order of the District Court.

      Wilmot also filed suit on September 29, 2000, in state court

in Wilkinson County, Mississippi, alleging bad faith, fraud and

concealment based on Farm Bureau’s alleged failure to provide

Wilmot with a copy of the Fire Policy.              On December 28, 2000,

Wilmot added a number of federal causes of action to the complaint.

On January 16, 2001, Wilmot filed a second amended complaint,

without permission, that apparently sought to obviate federal

question jurisdiction.      Farm Bureau removed the case to federal

court on January 29, 2001.    The case was in federal court as Morris

et al. v. Mississippi Farm Bureau et al., No. 5:01-CV-6-BrS (S.D.

Miss.) (“Wilmot III”; appeal no. 01-60706 here).          Wilmot moved to

remand.   On August 2, 2001, the district court denied Wilmot’s

motion to remand this case, denied Farm Bureau’s motion to strike

Wilmot’s second amended complaint, sua sponte dismissed all federal

claims with prejudice, and sua sponte remanded the state claims to

state court.

      On January 16, 2001, Wilmot filed another lawsuit in state

                                    4
court.    The complaint filed in this case was an exact replica of

the second amended complaint filed in Wilmot III. Farm Bureau also

removed this case to federal court, as Wilmot et al. v. Mississippi

Farm Bureau et al., No. 5:01-CV-21-BrS (S.D. Miss.) (“Wilmot IV”;

appeal no. 01-60707 here).   On August 6, 2001, the district court

granted Wilmot’s motion to remand this case to state court.

     Farm Bureau timely appealed these cases on August 24 and

August 27, 2001, respectively. The cases have been consolidated on

appeal.   Wilmot has moved to dismiss the appeal in Wilmot IV for

lack of jurisdiction.1

                                 II

     In Wilmot IV, the district court stated that it was remanding

the case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.2   We do not have

     1
      Wilmot also has moved to strike Appellants’ Brief in Support
of Response to Motion to Dismiss, based on Fed. R. App. P.
27(a)(2)(C)(i).    This rule states that “[a] separate brief
supporting or responding to a motion must not be filed.” Because
Wilmot is technically correct, we GRANT Wilmot’s motion to strike
Appellants’ Brief in Support of Response to Motion to Dismiss.
     2
      Specifically, the district court stated:

     The Court therefore finds that the defendants have failed
     to show the existence of a state-created claim that
     involves the construction of federal law; nor have they
     shown the existence of a federal element to any of the
     plaintiffs’ claims. Because of the lack of a federal
     element, neither the All Writs Act nor the artful
     pleading doctrine can create federal jurisdiction. The
     defendants have failed to meet their burden of proving
     the existence of a federal question under § 1441(b);
     therefore, the plaintiffs’ motion to remand is well
     taken.

                                 5
the power to review a remand order based on a lack of subject

matter jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c).                  See Giles v.

NYLCare Health Plans, Inc., 172 F.3d 332, 335-36 (5th Cir. 1999).

However, Farm Bureau argues that the remand order is appealable

because, even though the district court “nominally” dismissed the

case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, the court in fact

addressed the merits of Farm Bureau’s claims in its opinion and it

thereby “implicitly” assumed jurisdiction.            However, we may review

a   remand   order   only   if   the       district   court    “‘clearly   and

affirmatively’ relies on a non- § 1447(c) basis.”              Id. (citations

omitted).    The district court did not do so here.            In addition to

the district court’s statement that it was remanding these cases

for a lack of subject matter jurisdiction, a review of the district

court’s opinion reveals that it carefully reviewed each claim

brought by Wilmot in Wilmot IV and found that there were no federal

claims   involved    and    therefore       no   federal      subject   matter

jurisdiction existed.       We therefore grant Wilmot’s motion to

dismiss the appeal in 01-60707 for lack of appellate jurisdiction.

                                   III

     In Wilmot III, the district court exercised jurisdiction over

the federal claims3 and dismissed them with prejudice.              The court

     3
      Although Wilmot III and Wilmot IV involved a dispute over the
same series of events, in Wilmot III Wilmot brought a claim under
the National Flood Insurance Act (“NFIA”), 42 U.S.C. § 4053. The
NFIA therefore was the basis for federal jurisdiction in Wilmot
III. However, the plaintiffs did not bring any claims under the
NFIA in Wilmot IV.

                                       6
declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining

state law claims based on 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c), which states that

district courts may decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction

over   remaining      state   law        claims     if    “the    district    court   has

dismissed all claims over which it has original jurisdiction.”                         We

review the district court’s decision not to exercise supplemental

jurisdiction over the remaining claims for an abuse of discretion.

See Batiste v. Island Records, Inc., 179 F.3d 217, 226 (5th Cir.

1999).

       Farm Bureau argues that the district court did abuse its

discretion.        In determining whether the district court abused its

discretion in not retaining supplemental jurisdiction over the

remaining state claims, we consider the factors of “judicial

economy, convenience,         fairness,            and    comity.”     Carnegie-Mellon

University v. Cohill, 484 U.S. 343, 350 (1988).                      We ask also if the

remaining claims involve any “novel or complex” issues of state

law; if so, this weighs in favor of remand.                       Batiste, 179 F.3d at

227. This court’s “general rule” is to decline to exercise pendent

jurisdiction       over    state    claims         once    all    federal    claims   are

eliminated from a case.            Id.

       We   note    that    Wilmot       IV    already      has    been   remanded    for

proceedings in state court.                   It would therefore be a waste of

judicial resources for the identical state law claims in Wilmot III

to proceed in federal court.                  Additionally, it would be no less

convenient for the parties to proceed in state court than in

                                               7
federal court. The parties dispute exactly what discovery has been

done in this case and what discovery from the other cases could be

used in this case.    We do not think that this has a significant

impact here.   As a matter of comity, we generally defer to state

courts on state law issues.     Although Farm Bureau argues that the

state law issues presented here are not complex, it is not clear

from the briefs and record before this court whether that is true

or not.

     In sum, the Carnegie-Mellon factors weigh in favor of remand.

The district court did not abuse its discretion in remanding the

remaining state law claims.

                                   IV

     Finally, Farm Bureau argues that the district court “denied

Farm Bureau substantial justice” because its dismissal of the

federal claims and remand of the state claims allegedly does not

identify   exactly   which    federal   or   state   claims   are   being

dismissed/remanded. Farm Bureau does not make clear what the legal

basis is for its claim that it was “denied substantial justice.”

Nevertheless, our review of the district court’s opinion reveals

that the district court did specifically address each federal and

state claim raised by Wilmot, and made clear the federal claims it

was dismissing and the state claims it was remanding.         The court’s

opinion is unambiguous.      Farm Bureau’s contention has no merit.

                                    V

     Based on the foregoing, we GRANT Wilmot’s motion to dismiss

                                    8
the appeal in 01-60707 for lack of jurisdiction.     Further, we

AFFIRM the district court’s rulings in 01-60706.

                      Appeal DISMISSED in part; AFFIRMED in part.

                                9