Court Opinion

ID: 3180013
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-02-24 18:07:21.746633+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:38:56.316660
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                     United States Court of Appeals
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         Tenth Circuit

                             FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                        February 24, 2016
                         _________________________________
                                                                         Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                             Clerk of Court
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

      Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.                                                          No. 15-3208
                                                 (D.C. No. 6:13-CR-10009-EFM-1)
AARON M. BELCHER,                                            (D. Kan.)

      Defendant - Appellant.
                      _________________________________

                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
                         _________________________________

Before KELLY, LUCERO, and HOLMES, Circuit Judges.
                  _________________________________

      Facing charges of being a felon in possession of a firearm and a felon in

possession of ammunition, defendant-appellant Aaron M. Belcher pled guilty to the

latter offense. In his plea agreement he waived “any right . . . to appeal any matter in

connection with this prosecution” including “the right to appeal the sentence imposed

in this case, except to the extent, if any, the Court departs upward from the

sentencing Guideline range.” R. Vol. I at 20-21. This otherwise broad waiver of

appellate rights also included exceptions for “claims with regards to ineffective

      *
        After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
assistance of counsel or prosecutorial misconduct.” Id. at 21. The district court

imposed a sentence within the guideline range, to run consecutively to a previously

imposed state sentence. Mr. Belcher then filed this appeal, listing one issue in his

docketing statement: “Whether the court incorrectly denied [his] objection to the

base level offense of 20 based on a prior controlled substance offense when the

supreme court of Kansas issued a ruling that changed the interpretation of the statute

of which [he] was convicted and that comprised the prior controlled substance

offense.” Docketing Statement at 4. Noting this issue is clearly within the scope of

Mr. Belcher’s appeal waiver, the government moved to enforce the waiver under

United States v. Hahn, 359 F.3d 1315, 1325, 1328 (10th Cir. 2004) (en banc) (per

curiam). Counsel appointed for Mr. Belcher has filed a response opposing the

motion. We now grant the motion and dismiss this appeal.

      The government’s motion demonstrates, in a facially sufficient manner, that

the waiver in the plea agreement applies to this appeal, that the waiver was knowing

and voluntary, and that there are no circumstances evident on the existing record to

suggest a miscarriage of justice. See generally Hahn, 359 F.3d at 1325 (summarizing

three components of court’s inquiry when enforcing appeal waiver). In his response,

Mr. Belcher raises three points to avoid the consequences of his appeal waiver.

      First, he notes appellants are not limited to the issues preliminarily identified

in docketing statements, see 10th Cir. R. 3.4(B); cf. Anderson v. U.S. Dep’t of Labor,

422 F.3d 1155, 1174 (10th Cir. 2005) (holding issue waived if omitted from both

docketing statement and opening brief), and objects to the government’s focus on the

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waived sentencing issue in his docketing statement. But, as the docketing statement

may be all there is to go on when assessing the scope of an incipient appeal, we

routinely look to the issues raised therein when considering motions to enforce

appeal waivers, see, e.g., United States v. Novosel, 481 F.3d 1288, 1294-95 (10th Cir.

2007); United States v. Martinez, 608 F. App’x 692, 693 (10th Cir. 2014); United

States v. Chavez, 596 F. App’x 636, 637. And we have specifically rejected the

argument that a motion to enforce an appeal waiver is premature simply because it

targets issues specified in a nonbinding docketing statement, see United States v.

Lamberti, 434 F. App’x 733, 734-35 (10th Cir. 2013).

      Of course, we also consider any additional issues identified by the appellant in

his response to a motion to enforce. See, e.g., United States v. Coronado-Puente,

555 F. App’x 827, 828-29 (10th Cir. 2014); United States v. Munoz-Rodriguez, 551

F. App’x 441, 443 (10th Cir. 2014). In that regard, Mr. Belcher emphasizes that his

waiver permits him to raise issues involving ineffective assistance of counsel and

prosecutorial misconduct. But he does not identify any such issues. Rather, he takes

the position that the mere existence of these exceptions to the waiver requires the

government to demonstrate that “the record is devoid of evidence related to [any

possible] ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim or . . . prosecutorial-misconduct

claim.” Mot. for Enf. at 4. None of our precedent dealing with motions to enforce

appeal waivers places such an onerous, if not unworkable, burden on the government.

Rather, as the case law cited above (representative of many more cases) reflects, in

determining whether an appeal falls within the scope of a waiver, we look to the

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issues the defendant specifies in his docketing statement, response to the motion to

enforce, and (if available) opening appellate brief; it is not up to the government to

scour the record for potential appellate issues on behalf of a defendant who has

generally waived his right to appeal. To so hold would impose a peculiarly inapt

advocatory burden on the government—to develop a defendant’s appeal—precisely

when a waiver has been obtained to “benefit the government by saving the costs of

prosecuting appeals,” Hahn, 359 F.3d at 1325; see also Lamberti, 434 F. App’x at

734-35 (making same point in rejecting argument that enforcement of motion to

enforce appeal waiver is premature because appellant “may ultimately raise issues

[not yet specified] that are outside the scope of [the] waiver”).

      Mr. Belcher also suggests he may seek to challenge the district court’s

decision to run his federal sentence consecutively to his previously imposed state

sentence. He claims “it appears to be an open question in this Circuit whether a

defendant waives his right to challenge the consecutive nature of [a sentence] without

specific language in a plea agreement covering that aspect of the sentence.” Resp. to

Mot. for Enf. at 4-5. Actually, we have consistently found such challenges to be

covered by general appeal waivers that did not include language specifically

addressing the consecutive/concurrent nature of the sentence imposed vis à vis a prior

state sentence. See, e.g., Lamberti, 434 F. App’x at 735; United States v. Guzman,

352 F. App’x 284, 286-87 (10th Cir. 2009); United States v. Tarkington, 259 F.

App’x 158, 159-60 (10th Cir. 2007). Indeed, in Hahn itself we held that a

consecutive-sentence challenge (albeit involving a prior federal, rather than state,

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sentence) fell within a general appeal waiver with respect to sentencing matters. See

Hahn, 359 F.3d at 1328.

      Finally, we note that our dismissal of this appeal on the basis of the motion to

enforce Mr. Belcher’s appeal waiver does not affect any ineffective-assistance claim

he may wish to pursue in a collateral review proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. See

United States v. Polly, 630 F.3d 991, 1003 (10th Cir. 2011).

      The government’s motion to enforce is granted and the appeal is dismissed.

                                           Entered for the Court
                                           Per Curiam

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