Court Opinion

ID: 3219496
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-01 20:23:25.611815+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:30:53.562485
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Mundt, 2016-Ohio-4802.]

                              STATE OF OHIO, NOBLE COUNTY
                                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                       SEVENTH DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO                                   )
                                                )
        PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE                      )
                                                )            CASE NO. 13 NO 0406
VS.                                             )
                                                )                   OPINION
FREDERICK MUNDT                                 )
                                                )
        DEFENDANT-APPELLANT                     )

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                       Criminal Appeal from Court of Common
                                                Pleas of Noble County, Ohio
                                                Case No. 204-2002

JUDGMENT:                                       Affirmed.

APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee                          Attorney Kelly Riddle
                                                406 North Street
                                                Caldwell, Ohio 43724

For Defendant-Appellant                         Attorney Tyson Fleming
                                                Assistant Public Defender
                                                250 East Broad Street, Suite 1400
                                                Columbus, Ohio 43215

JUDGES:

Hon. Mary DeGenaro
Hon. Gene Donofrio
Hon. Carol Ann Robb

                                                Dated: June 30, 2016
[Cite as State v. Mundt, 2016-Ohio-4802.]
DeGENARO, J.

        {¶1}    Defendant-Appellant, Frederick Mundt, appeals the judgment of the
Noble County Court of Common Pleas denying his petition for post-conviction relief
on the basis of res judicata. Mundt's assignments of error are meritless and the
judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
                                 Facts and Procedural History
        {¶2}    Mundt's direct appeal of his convictions and death sentence were
appealed to the Ohio Supreme Court as of right. State v. Mundt, 115 Ohio St. 3d 22,
2007-Ohio-4836, 873 N.E.2d 828 (Mundt I). The facts and procedure are as follows:

        On March 9, 2004, seven-year-old Brittany Hendrickson disappeared
        from her home in Noble County. The next day, searchers found
        Brittany's raped, battered body hidden in a nearby abandoned well.
        Appellant, Frederick A. Mundt, was convicted of the aggravated murder
        of Brittany and sentenced to death.

        The evidence at Mundt's trial revealed that Brittany's mother, Misty
        Hendrickson, became acquainted with Mundt in 1999. She and her
        daughters, Brittany and Lindsay, soon moved into Mundt's house in
        Lower Salem, Noble County. In 2004, Mundt and Hendrickson lived
        there with Brittany and Lindsay, and their infant son, Shay Mundt.
        Mundt's mother, Sarah Mundt, lived nearby with her boyfriend Tim
        Bowman and their adult daughters, Mundt's half-sisters, Timica,
        Teresa, and Mary Anne Bowman.

        During the late morning or early afternoon of March 9, 2004, Mundt
        visited the Biolife Plasma Services Plasma Center in Parkersburg, West
        Virginia to sell his blood plasma.

        March 9, 2004, was a school day for Brittany Hendrickson. The school
        bus brought her home that day around 4:10 p.m., and her bus driver
        saw her go inside the house.
                                                                       -2-

Five or ten minutes later, Mundt's stepfather, Tim Bowman, arrived.
Bowman and Sarah, along with their daughter Mary Anne and her date,
had plans to play bingo that night in Woodsfield, Ohio. Bowman came
to invite Hendrickson to join them. After checking with Mundt,
Hendrickson accepted. Bowman was at Mundt's house for five to ten
minutes; during that time, he saw Brittany and Lindsay at play.

Hendrickson fed her daughters about 4:45 p.m. Half an hour later,
Bowman arrived at Mundt's house to pick Hendrickson up.

Hendrickson said goodbye and "told the kids to go upstairs with their
dad [Mundt] when they [were] done eating." Although Bowman did not
enter the house, he recalled hearing Hendrickson telling the girls to eat
dinner and go upstairs.

Around 8:00 p.m., Mundt arrived at the Bowman residence with Lindsay
and Shay. Timica and Teresa Bowman were present. Mundt asked
Timica if Brittany was there and said, "[S]he ain't up home, and I have
to find her." Leaving the children with Teresa, Mundt and Timica drove
to Woodsfield.

They arrived at the bingo hall around 8:30 p.m. Mundt approached
Hendrickson and asked if Brittany was with her. Hendrickson replied,
"No, I left her there with you." She got up, grabbed her coat, and left
with Mundt and Timica. The three then drove back to Mundt's house. At
9:18 p.m., Hendrickson called the Monroe County Sheriff's Office to
report Brittany missing. Officers immediately began to search for
Brittany, a search that lasted into the next day.

On March 10, a civilian volunteer taking part in the search noticed a
sheet of tin covering the opening of an old well on property near
                                                                      -3-

Mundt's house. Moving the tin revealed a chunk of concrete wedged
into the opening of the well. The surface of the well water was visible
around the sides of the concrete chunk. The volunteer looked into the
well and saw a pair of green shoes floating amid some debris. The
volunteer reported his find and led sheriff's deputies to the well.

The deputies recovered one of the shoes and brought it to Hendrickson,
who identified it as Brittany's. Other officers removed the chunk of
concrete and recovered Brittany's body from the well.

Shortly after the officers recovered her body, Agents Gary Wilgus and
William Hatfield of the Bureau of            Criminal Identification and
Investigation ("BCI") arrived at the crime scene. Wilgus noted numerous
abrasions and contusions on Brittany's head. Her jeans were undone,
and the leg bottoms partly covered her feet.

Hatfield found bloodstains and hairs on the chunk of concrete from the
well. Hatfield later weighed and measured the chunk; it was 36 inches
long and 14 inches wide at its widest point and weighed 254 pounds.

According to Hendrickson, Mundt stated on the morning of March 10
that "they will probably pin this on him * * * because he was supposed
to be the last one to see her."

Detective Sergeant Mark Warden and Lieutenant Seevers of the
Washington County Sheriff's Office interviewed Mundt after Brittany's
body was found. Mundt asked whether a condemned prisoner could
"choose between lethal injection and the gas chamber." Warden then
informed Mundt that Brittany's body had been found and that Warden
"felt he was responsible for [her] death." Mundt denied it.

Warden noted that Mundt's forearms were scratched. Mundt claimed
                                                                         -4-

that the family dog had knocked him down some steps while he was
looking for Brittany. When Warden expressed disbelief, Mundt merely
hung his head. Biolife Plasma Services personnel later testified that
Mundt did not have those scratches on his arm when he sold plasma on
the morning of March 9.

Seevers asked Mundt whether Brittany could have been sexually
assaulted. Mundt first said no, then asked, "Well, how would I know?"
The officers then took a DNA swab and collected other trace evidence
from Mundt's person. As Warden was cataloguing these items, Mundt
asked: "Do you think I should die?" Warden replied, "Well, do you think
you should be put to death?" Mundt said, "Yes."

Dr. P.S.S. Sreenivasa Murthy, a pathologist and deputy coroner for
Stark and Wayne Counties, conducted an autopsy on Brittany, assisted
by Dr. Anthony Bertin, a urologist, who examined Brittany's genitalia.

Dr. Murthy found that Brittany had extensive blunt-force head injuries.
These included multiple lacerations and bruises, a skull fracture, and
hemorrhaging and contusions of the brain. She also had blunt-force
injuries to her trunk and extremities.

Brittany's lungs were hyperinflated and contained excess fluid, leading
Dr. Murthy to conclude that she had drowned in the well. But because
Brittany was 47 inches tall while the water in the well was only 30 to 36
inches deep, Murthy concluded that Brittany's injuries had left her
unable to stand up. Murthy also concluded that given the severity of her
injuries, Brittany would have died within 10 to 15 minutes. Thus, Murthy
concluded that she died both of drowning and of her multiple blunt-force
injuries.
                                                                        -5-

Dr. Bertin, the urologist, observed that Brittany's panties were soaked
with blood. Her vaginal opening was "imploded," as if a large object had
been forced into it. Her vaginal walls had been "ripped apart," with
deep, full-length lacerations on both sides. In Dr. Bertin's opinion, a
rigid object, approximately two and one-half inches in diameter, had
been forced up Brittany's vaginal canal with "considerable force."

Diane Larson, a BCI forensic scientist, examined numerous evidentiary
items. Those yielding significant DNA evidence included vaginal swabs
taken during Brittany's autopsy, fabric cut from the crotch of Brittany's
panties, a bloodstained bedsheet found on the bed in Mundt's master
bedroom, and a bloodstained shirt found in Mundt's bathroom and
identified as his.

Larson found sperm cells on the vaginal swabs and on Brittany's
panties. She identified a mixture of two DNA profiles on the sperm
fraction of the vaginal swabs. One of the mixed profiles was consistent
with Mundt; the other was consistent with Brittany. The proportion of the
population that could not be excluded as a possible contributor to that
mixture was one in 203,800.

On the panties, Larson identified "two clean separate DNA profiles."
The major profile, or largest amount, came from sperm and was
consistent with Mundt's DNA. The expected frequency of the major
profile was one in approximately 39 quadrillion, 350 trillion persons. The
minor profile was consistent with Brittany's DNA.

On the bedsheet, DNA testing showed a mixture of two DNA profiles.
The major profile was consistent with Mundt's DNA; the minor profile
was consistent with Brittany's. The expected frequency of the minor
profile was one in 146 million persons.
                                                                         -6-

Mark Losko, another forensic scientist at BCI, testified that testing on
Mundt's shirt revealed a mixture of two DNA profiles. The major profile
was consistent with Brittany's DNA. The expected frequency of that
profile was one in 4.7 quadrillion persons. The minor profile was
consistent with Mundt's DNA.

After Mundt's arrest, his half-brother, Johnny Mundt, visited him in jail.
Johnny testified that he asked Mundt "if he done it." Mundt admitted
that he had raped Brittany. Then he asked Johnny "if I can get the stuff
out of the house." Mundt told Johnny that "the stuff" was behind the
stereo. Johnny agreed to remove it.

On April 24 and 25, 2004, while Mundt was incarcerated in the county
jail, he had several telephone conversations with Johnny. In these
conversations, Mundt repeatedly urged Johnny to remove and destroy
certain "stuff" or "trash" located in the wall behind the stereo in Mundt's
house. The sheriff's office recorded these conversations, and the state
introduced them at trial.

These recordings convey Mundt's sense of urgency and concern for
secrecy because he continually expressed his anxiety about when
Johnny was going to burn the "trash" and whether he had burned "all of
it." He warned Johnny that their conversation was being taped and
reminded him several times not to let their mother see him burning the
"trash."

On April 24, Mundt asked Johnny: "Hey, did you get all that stuff out of
there where the radio is? * * * Would you be able to get that out?"

Mundt continued:

"You going to burn that stuff? * * * Well, make sure Mom ain't down
                                                                           -7-

there when you get burning that. * * * I really—really hope you can do
that for me."

"You, uh, sure you can get that stuff out of there? * * * I'm really a-
hoping. * * * 'Cause I'm really wanting that stuff out of there. You hear?
* * * Make sure you get it all."

"Yeah, I hope you do that, take—take that trash out. Out—out back of
the stereo. I really need to get that out of the house. You hear? * * *
Back behind the stereo, yeah. Where the wall's at? * * * Down in there.
* * * You going to burn all that? * * * That would do me a lot of good."

On the following day, Mundt talked to Johnny three more times. In the
first of these conversations, Mundt asked: "Did you get all that trash
burnt?" Mundt explained that the "trash" was hidden in the wall to the
left of the stereo "where the insulation [was] moved," approximately two
feet away from the drywall. He instructed Johnny to "find all that trash"
and "get rid of that for me and burn it. * * * Don't have Ma and them up
there." He also warned Johnny that "[t]his telephone's taped."

In their second conversation on April 25, Mundt pressed Johnny: "Did
you get it? * * * Did you get all of it? * * * Make sure you burn all that
trash. * * * Mom and them can't see that."

In his third April 25 conversation with Johnny, Mundt again asked: "Did
you make sure that other trash is burnt?" He told Johnny to "make sure
that burns up nice and good. * * * Make sure there ain't nothing left of it.
* * * 'Cause they be up there looking through that next." Johnny said,
"They're done up there, they ain't gonna go back up there." Mundt
replied, "Don't bet on it."

According to Johnny, he eventually found "a little hole" in the corner of
                                                                          -8-

a room in Mundt's house. In that hole, Johnny found a pair of boxer
shorts, a T-shirt, a pair of girl's socks, and a pillowcase, each spattered
with blood. Johnny put these items into a box and hid the box in another
part of the house. The next day, he took the box home and burned it
with the bloodstained items inside.

On April 26, Mundt talked to Sarah Mundt from jail. The sheriff's office
recorded this conversation. Sarah mentioned that Johnny had been
burning things the night before, including a box. Mundt had his mother
describe the box, then asked: "He burn it?" Mundt pressed Sarah for
details: "Did you go up with him last night? * * * Did he pour gas on all
that trash? * * * Did it burn?"

On May 3, 2004, police searched Mundt's house again. In a second-
floor room, between a floor joist and the exterior wall, they found the
space where Mundt had hidden the bloodstained items.

Police cut out a section of the floor joist from the hiding place. The joist
tested positive for blood. Mark Losko, the BCI forensic scientist, found a
mixture of two DNA profiles on the joist. The major contributor's DNA
profile was consistent with Brittany's and would be found in one of 4.7
quadrillion persons. The minor contributor's DNA profile was consistent
with Mundt's and would be found in one of 139 persons.

On June 19, Mundt had yet another phone conversation with his mother
from jail, and this too was recorded by the sheriff's office. Mundt urged
his mother to remove his weights from his house: "You need to get
those weights out of there. * * * They'll use that against me. * * * They'll
try to say that I lifted those things down there. * * * Well, at least take
some of the weights off the weight bench. * * * Did you take any weights
off it?"
                                                                               -9-

       At trial, the jury found Mundt guilty of four counts of aggravated murder,
       each with four death specifications; two counts of rape, R.C.
       2907.02(A)(1)(b) and (A)(2); and one count of kidnapping.

       Before the penalty phase, the trial court merged the four aggravated-
       murder counts into a single count of aggravated murder under R.C.
       2903.01(C) (murder of a child under 13) and merged the four
       specifications into two: murder to escape detection, apprehension, trial,
       or punishment for another offense, R.C. 2929.04(A)(3), and murder
       committed during a kidnapping, R.C. 2929.04(A)(7).

       The jury recommended that Mundt be sentenced to death for his
       aggravated-murder conviction. The trial judge sentenced Mundt to
       death.

Id. at ¶ 2 - ¶ 45.
       {¶3}     On direct appeal Mundt presented 11 propositions of law, all of which
were found meritless by the Ohio Supreme Court. Id. at ¶ 46. Additionally, the Court
independently reviewed Mundt's death sentence and found that the aggravating
circumstances outweighed the mitigating factors beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. After
conducting a proportionality review, the Court concluded the death sentence was
proportionate with others they reviewed; Mundt's convictions and death sentence
were affirmed. Id.
       {¶4}     Mundt filed a post-conviction petition pursuant to R.C. 2953.21 and
proceeded to a two day hearing. The trial court dismissed Mundt's petition, reasoning
that his claims were barred by res judicata, either because the claims had been
addressed on direct appeal or could have been raised in a direct appeal. The trial
court reasoned that res judicata precluded the claims because the factual basis for
resolving them could be found in the original trial record and not dependent upon
evidence dehors the record. The trial court alternatively did address the merits of
                                                                                - 10 -

Mundt's third claim relative to trial counsel's ineffectiveness for failing to order
MRI/PET scans for the mitigation phase and rejected it.          Finally, the trial court
deemed two of Mundt's claims, nine and ten, appropriate for post-conviction
consideration; the failure to call his mother and half-sister during the mitigation
phase, which were rejected on the merits.
                                    Res Judicata
      {¶5}   As both assignments of error address the dismissal of his post-
conviction petition, they will be discussed together for clarity of analysis. In his two
assignments of error, Mundt asserts:

             The trial court erred by applying the doctrine of res judicata to
      bar Mundt's grounds for relief.

             The trial court erred in dismissing Mundt's post-conviction when
      he presented sufficient operative facts to merit relief.

      {¶6}   On appeal Mundt asserts that his post-conviction petition was
supported by factual allegations that could not be determined by an examination of
the files and record of this case. R.C. 2953.21 and R.C. 2953.23 govern petitions for
postconviction relief. Under R.C. 2953.21, relief from a judgment or sentence is
available for a person convicted of a criminal offense who shows that "there was
such a denial or infringement of the person's rights as to render the judgment void or
voidable under the Ohio Constitution or the Constitution of the United States[.]"
      {¶7}   "A trial court may dismiss a postconviction petition on the basis of the
doctrine of res judicata." State v. Dillingham, 12th Dist. Nos. CA2012–02–and
CA2012–02–042, 2012–Ohio–5841, ¶ 9. "Under the doctrine of res judicata, a final
judgment of conviction bars a convicted defendant who was represented by counsel
from raising and litigating in any proceeding except an appeal from judgment, any
defense or any claimed lack of due process that was raised or could have been
raised by the defendant at trial, which resulted in that judgment of conviction, or on
                                                                                 - 11 -

an appeal from that judgment." State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St. 2d 175, 226 N.E.2d 104
(1967), syllabus.
        {¶8}   An exception to the res judicata bar exists when the petitioner presents
competent, relevant, and material evidence outside the record that was not in
existence and available to the petitioner in time to support the direct appeal. State v.
Bayless, 12th Dist. Nos. CA2013–10–020 and CA2013–10–021, 2014-Ohio-2475, ¶
10. For a defendant to avoid dismissal of the petition by operation of res judicata, the
evidence supporting the claims in the petition must be competent, relevant, and
material evidence outside the trial court record, and it must not be evidence that
existed or was available for use at the time of trial. State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St. 3d 112,
113, 443 N.E.2d 169 (1982).
        {¶9}   This Court reviews questions of law de novo. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of
Commrs. v. State, 112 Ohio St. 3d 59, 2006–Ohio–6499, 858 N.E.2d 330, ¶ 23.
        {¶10} A review of Mundt's petition reveals that virtually all of the claims raised
are barred by res judicata, either because they were raised and resolved in his direct
appeal or could have been raised. We will address each res judicata argument in
turn.
                    Claims Raised and Resolved on Direct Appeal
        {¶11} As noted by the trial court, the following six claims asserted in Mundt's
post-conviction petition were raised by Mundt in his direct appeal to the Supreme
Court of Ohio and expressly rejected on the merits. Regarding claim one, ineffective
assistance of counsel during the penalty phase, Mundt argued this exact point on
direct appeal; that counsel's presentation was confusing, contradictory and
prejudicial. Mundt I at ¶120-132. It was expressly rejected by the Court, reasoning:
"Due to the nature of Mundt's crime, counsel could have rationally decided to offer
the jury a variety of reasons to vote for life, hoping that at least one juror would
accept at least one of those reasons." Id. at ¶ 143.
        {¶12} Regarding claim two, ineffective assistance of counsel to seek and
obtain expert assistance in determining the validity of the State's DNA Evidence,
                                                                                  - 12 -

Mundt's identical claim was summarily rejected on direct appeal. "Counsel's decision
to rely on cross-examination instead of calling an expert witness does not constitute
ineffective assistance." Mundt I at ¶118.
       {¶13} Regarding claim four, ineffective assistance of counsel during the
penalty phase involving the testimony of Dr. Sandra McPherson, although Mundt
specifically argued on direct appeal that this testimony damaged his case, Mundt I at
¶120-123, the Court was unpersuaded. "Defense counsel cannot be criticized for
their presentation of testimony from Heiden and McPherson during the penalty phase
of the trial and their conduct in doing so does not violate Strickland." Id. at ¶135.
       {¶14} Regarding claim six, ineffective assistance of counsel during the
penalty phase in the testimony of Jeffrey Stevens, Mundt's argument on direct appeal
that this proposed witness should have been called to testify was rejected by the
Court as a strategic choice by counsel. Id. at ¶155-156. "Mundt's contention that
being depicted as a struggling special-education student would have humanized him
is rank speculation. Mundt's claim that the jury would have found this evidence
compelling is equally speculative." Id. at ¶159. In a similar fashion, claim eight,
ineffective assistance of counsel during the penalty phase regarding the testimony of
proposed witness, Robert Willis, was rejected. Id. at ¶155-163.
       {¶15} Lastly, regarding claim seven, ineffective assistance of counsel during
voir dire specifically regarding juror Julie Watson and her inclination to "Automatically
Vote for Death" Mundt asserted on direct appeal that Watson should have been
excused given this articulated inclination. Id. at ¶49-61. The Court disagreed, finding
no bias. "To the contrary, her responses indicated that she would be an open-minded
juror." Id. at ¶76.
       {¶16} The Supreme Court's rejection of Mundt's claims is the law of the case
on those respective issues. The doctrine of law of the case "provides that the
decision of a reviewing court in a case remains the law of that case on the legal
questions involved for all subsequent proceedings in the case at both the trial and
reviewing levels." Nolan v. Nolan, 11 Ohio St. 3d 1, 3, 462 N.E.2d 410 (1984).
                                                                                  - 13 -

Accordingly, res judicata barred Mundt from reasserting claims one, two, four, six,
seven and eight in his petition for post-conviction relief.
       {¶17} Further, Mundt has failed to present competent, relevant and material
evidence outside the record that was not in existence and available to him at the time
of that direct appeal. None of the attached affidavits and documentation for any of the
raised claims are competent evidence dehors the record.               A petition for post-
conviction relief does not provide a petitioner with a second opportunity to litigate his
conviction. State v. Rose, 12th Dist. No. CA2012-03-050, 2012-Ohio-5957, ¶ 15-16.
             Claims Which Could Have Been Raised on Direct Appeal
       {¶18} Mundt is also barred from raising any defense or any claimed lack of
due process that could have been raised at trial, which resulted in a conviction, or on
an appeal from that judgment. State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St. 2d 175, 226 N.E.2d 104
(1967), syllabus. The following four claims were not raised in direct appeal and were
presented by Mundt for the first time in the petition for post-conviction relief. We will
address these claims slightly out of order for clarity of analysis.
       {¶19} Regarding claim five—counsel ineffectively conducted voir dire to the
extent that a change of venue was not granted—Mundt attempts to provide a
different reasoning to achieve his desired end. He raised ineffective assistance of
counsel during voir dire on direct appeal focusing on Juror Watson being inclined to
automatically vote for death.      Mundt now attacks how trial counsel questioned
Watson, contending he should have conducted a "searching voir dire on her views."
Though this is a slightly different argument than was addressed on direct appeal in
Mundt I, it was a legal argument that was capable of being raised on direct appeal
and nothing attached to the petition, or testified to at the evidentiary hearing is
competent, relative and material evidence outside the record to add to what was in
the record and reviewable during a direct appeal.
       {¶20} We turn next to claims nine and ten, that counsel was ineffective for
failing to use his mother, Sarah Mundt, more extensively during mitigation and to call
his half-sister, Mary Anne Patterson, at all. Both affidavits attached to the petition and
                                                                                    - 14 -

their testimony at the evidentiary hearing confirm that Sarah did testify during the
proceedings and Mary Ann was available to testify if she had been called. These
claims are res judicata as Sarah and Mary Anne were known to defense counsel at
the time of trial and available to testify. The use of their testimony either at all, or in a
limited scope, is presumed to be trial strategy. As discussed above, a post-conviction
petition is not a second opportunity to relitigate the trial or appeal. Rose, supra.
       {¶21} Regarding claim three, that counsel was ineffective for failing to obtain
the funds and order MRI and PET scans to use during mitigation, the trial judge found
it to be barred by res judicata, but also denied it on the merits.
       {¶22} To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the defendant
must show not only that counsel's performance was deficient, but also that he was
prejudiced by that deficiency. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct.
2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984).
       {¶23} The trial court is correct that this claim is res judicata and also fails on
the merits. Mundt concedes that PET scan procedures had long been accepted at
the time of his capital trial. More importantly, where a defendant, represented by
different counsel on direct appeal, "fails to raise [in the direct appeal] the issue of
competent trial counsel and said issue could fairly have been determined without
resort to evidence dehors the record, res judicata is a proper basis for dismissing
defendant's petition for postconviction relief." State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St. 3d 112, 443
N.E.2d 169 (1982), syllabus. Mundt had different counsel for his direct appeal and
the McPherson report was long in existence. As such this argument was capable of
being made on direct appeal and is res judicata.
       {¶24} We turn next to the trial court's denial of this claim on the merits. The
basic premise of Mundt's claim is that his trial expert, Dr. McPherson had indicated in
her report that organic brain damage needed to be ruled out, but trial counsel
interpreted that to mean that Dr. McPherson had ruled out organic brain damage. As
such he believes his trial counsel was ineffective for not following up on the
McPherson recommendation.
                                                                              - 15 -

       {¶25} Dr. Richard Jackson was retained by Mundt's trial counsel for the
mental retardation hearing, Marsha Heiden was hired as a mitigation specialist, and
Dr. Sandra McPherson was retained as a clinical psychologist. These professionals
gathered records from numerous sources and interviewed Mundt. McPherson
administered several psychological tests on Mundt, and in her report the axis three
diagnosis states "rule out organic damage impacting brain function."
       {¶26} McPherson was not called to testify at the post-conviction petition
hearing. As such, it is speculation to conclude exactly what she meant by the
statement "rule out organic damage impacting brain function". In fact, trial counsel
testified at the hearing that Mundt's post-conviction counsel would need to ask
McPherson what "rule out means" as he believed it meant something different to
each of them.
       {¶27} Mundt attached to his post-conviction petition a letter from Dr. Ruben
Gur, an independent psychologist, stating that a "quantitative MRI and FDG PET
could be helpful in documenting likely developmental abnormalities in brain structure
and function" as well as a 2001 article regarding quantitative PET findings. During his
testimony at the evidentiary hearing Dr. Gur conceded that he did not personally
examine Mundt, and admitted he did not base his conclusions on the findings of
Jackson, Heiden or McPherson, all of which had interaction with Mundt. Dr. Gur
offered no diagnosis and was unable to ascribe any connection between his findings
and Mundt's criminal activity in 2002, and further acknowledged that he is not a
medical doctor and psychologists do not receive formal training on MRI or PET scan
results.
       {¶28} Instead, Dr. Gur reached his conclusions by applying an algorithm
patented in 1989 and created by him, his doctor-wife, and another individual.
However, after 1990 there were no articles published that addressed the validity of
the algorithm. When questioned further, Dr. Gur could only name one medical
professional who used the algorithm in a clinical setting for diagnosis and treatment
since 1989.
                                                                                 - 16 -

       {¶29} Mundt argues that Dr. Gur's testimony demonstrates what could have
been presented to the jury in mitigation, and because this information was not
presented, the prejudice prong of Strickland has been established. However, the
Strickland test mandates both prongs must be proven; deficient performance by
counsel and prejudice. Mundt has failed to make a showing of deficient performance.
       {¶30} The trial record demonstrates defense counsel retained three
professionals to investigate Mundt's mental status and psychological state to present
evidence for mitigation. It is entirely possible that these experts evaluated Mundt and
decided that a neurological evaluation was unnecessary. "The defense decision to
call or not call a mitigation witness is a matter of trial strategy." State v. Elmore, 111
Ohio St. 3d 515, 2006-Ohio-6207, 857 N.E.2d 547, ¶116. Moreover, as none of the
trial experts were called to testify at the post-conviction hearing, any conclusions
regarding what was or was not done, are speculative at best. It is improper to infer a
defense failure to investigate from a silent record as the burden of demonstrating
ineffective assistance is on Mundt. State v. Pickens, 141 Ohio St. 3d 462, 2014-Ohio-
5445, 25 N.E.3d 1023, ¶ 221. Thus, Mundt has failed to demonstrate that counsel
were deficient by failing to have a neuropsychologist evaluate him. This renders his
prejudice argument moot.
       {¶31} Finally Mundt argues cumulative error as his eleventh claim. Under the
doctrine of cumulative error, a judgment may be reversed when the cumulative effect
of errors deprives a defendant of his or her constitutional rights, even though such
errors are not prejudicial singularly. State v. DeMarco, 31 Ohio St. 3d 191, 196–197,
509 N.E.2d 1256 (1987). As counsel does not draw this Court's attention to multiple
instances of harmless error, the cumulative error doctrine is inapplicable. See State
v. Garner, 74 Ohio St. 3d 49, 64, 1995-Ohio-168, 656 N.E.2d 623. Accordingly,
Mundt's eleventh claim is meritless.
       {¶32} All eleven claims contained in Mundt's postconviction petition are
barred by res judicata. Accordingly, the judgment of the Noble County Court of
                                                                              - 17 -

Common Pleas dismissing his petition for postconviction relief is affirmed.

Donofrio, P. J.,

Robb, J.,

                                             APPROVED:

                                             Mary DeGenaro, Judge