Court Opinion

ID: 9954961
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-27 15:01:00.070386+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:15:07.843057
License: Public Domain

USCA11 Case: 22-13059   Document: 31-1    Date Filed: 03/27/2024   Page: 1 of 8

                                                [DO NOT PUBLISH]
                                 In the
                United States Court of Appeals
                        For the Eleventh Circuit

                          ____________________

                               No. 22-13059
                          Non-Argument Calendar
                          ____________________

       UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
                                                    Plaintiﬀ-Appellee,
       versus
       HERNAN PRADA,
       a.k.a. Papito,
       a.k.a. El Gordo,
       a.k.a. Humberto,
       a.k.a. Ramazote,

                                                Defendant-Appellant.
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       2                      Opinion of the Court                  22-13059

                            ____________________

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Southern District of Florida
                    D.C. Docket No. 1:04-cr-20446-MGC-1
                           ____________________

       Before NEWSOM, ABUDU, and TJOFLAT, Circuit Judges.
       PER CURIAM:
              Appellant Hernan Prada, proceeding pro se on appeal, ap-
       peals the District Court’s denial of his renewed motion for compas-
       sionate release. He argues that his suppressed immune system and
       the presence of COVID-19 in his facility were extraordinary and
       compelling conditions warranting his release and that he was a
       nonviolent offender who had a clean disciplinary record. In re-
       sponse, the Government moves for summary affirmance. It argues
       that Prada failed to provide medical evidence to support his claims
       and that Prada’s offense conduct did not justify an early release.
               Summary disposition is appropriate either where time is of
       the essence, such as “situations where important public policy is-
       sues are involved or those where rights delayed are rights denied,”
       or where “the position of one of the parties is clearly right as a mat-
       ter of law so that there can be no substantial question as to the out-
       come of the case, or where, as is more frequently the case, the ap-
       peal is frivolous.” Groendyke Transp., Inc. v. Davis, 406 F.2d 1158,
       1162 (5th Cir. 1969). A motion for summary affirmance postpones
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       22-13059                Opinion of the Court                            3

       the due date for the filing of any remaining brief until we rule on
       the motion. 11th Cir. R. 31-1(c).
              “We review de novo whether a defendant is eligible for a sen-
       tence reduction under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A).” United States v.
       Giron, 15 F.4th 1343, 1345 (11th Cir. 2021). “After eligibility is es-
       tablished, we will review the district court’s denial of a prisoner’s
       § 3582(c)(1)(A) motion for an abuse of discretion.” Id.
              Before the First Step Act of 2018, 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)
       allowed the district court to reduce a prisoner’s term of imprison-
       ment upon motion of the Director of the Bureau of Prisons (BOP),
       after considering the factors set forth in § 3553(a), if it found that ex-
       traordinary and compelling reasons warranted such a reduction.
       18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A) (2017). The First Step Act amended
       18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A) to allow the court to reduce a defendant’s
       term of imprisonment also upon motion of the defendant, after the
       defendant has fully exhausted all administrative rights to appeal a
       failure of the BOP to bring a motion on the defendant’s behalf, or
       the lapse of thirty days from the receipt of such a request by the
       warden of the defendant’s facility, whichever is earlier. See First
       Step Act, Pub. L. No. 115-391, § 603, 132 Stat. 5194, 5239 (2018)
       (codified as amended at 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)).
              A district court may grant compassionate release if: (1) an
       extraordinary and compelling reason exists; (2) a sentencing reduc-
       tion would be consistent with U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13; and (3) the
       § 3553(a) factors weigh in favor of compassionate release.
       United States v. Tinker, 14 F.4th 1234, 1237–38 (11th Cir. 2021).
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       4                      Opinion of the Court                 22-13059

       When the district court finds that one of these three prongs is not
       met, it need not examine the other prongs. Giron, 15 F.4th at 1348.
              Factors under § 3553(a) that the district court may consider
       include the nature and circumstances of the offense, the history and
       characteristics of the defendant, the seriousness of the crime, the
       promotion of respect for the law, just punishment, protecting the
       public from the defendant’s further crimes, and adequate deter-
       rence. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). The district court need not address
       “each of the § 3553(a) factors or all the mitigating evidence.”
       Tinker, 14 F.4th at 1241 (quoting United States v. Taylor, 997 F.3d
       1348, 1354 (11th Cir. 2016) (per curiam)). An acknowledgment that
       the court considered “all applicable § 3553(a) factors” along with
       “enough analysis that meaningful appellate review of the factors’
       application can take place” is sufficient. Id. at 1240–41 (quoting
       United States v. Cook, 998 F.3d 1180, 1184 (11th Cir. 2021)).
              “The weight given to any specific § 3553(a) factor is commit-
       ted to the sound discretion of the district court.” Id. at 1241 (quot-
       ing United States v. Croteau, 819 F.3d 1293, 1309 (11th Cir. 2016)).
       The “district court abuses its discretion when it (1) fails to afford
       consideration to relevant factors that were due significant weight,
       (2) gives significant weight to an improper or irrelevant factor, or
       (3) commits a clear error of judgment in considering the proper fac-
       tors.” Id. (quoting United States v. Irey, 612 F.3d 1160, 1189 (11th
       Cir. 2010) (en banc)).
             The policy statements applicable to § 3582(c)(1)(A) are
       found in United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual (U.S.S.G.)
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       22-13059               Opinion of the Court                          5

       § 1B1.13 (U.S. Sent’g Comm’n 2021). In the 2021 Guidelines—as
       applied at the time of Prada’s compassionate release motion—the
       commentary to § 1B1.13 listed a defendant’s medical condition,
       age, and family circumstances as possible “extraordinary and com-
       pelling reasons” warranting a sentence reduction. U.S.S.G.
       § 1B1.13 cmt. n.1(A)–(C). Medical conditions included when a “de-
       fendant is suffering from a terminal illness, or a serious physical or
       medical condition, a serious functional or cognitive impairment.”
       Id. § 1B1.13 cmt. n.1(A)(i) (cleaned up). Medical conditions also in-
       cluded situations where a “defendant is experiencing deteriorating
       physical or mental health because of the aging process, that sub-
       stantially diminishes the ability of the defendant to provide self-care
       within the environment of a correctional facility and from which
       he or she is not expected to recover.” Id. § 1B1.13 cmt. n.1(A)(ii).
       The commentary also contained a catch-all provision, which pro-
       vides that a prisoner may be eligible for a sentence reduction if “[a]s
       determined by the Director of the [BOP], there exists in the defend-
       ant’s case an extraordinary and compelling reason other than, or in
       combination with, the reasons described in subdivisions (A)
       through (C).” Id. § 1B1.13 cmt. n.1(D).
              In United States v. Bryant, we concluded that the former ver-
       sion of § 1B1.13 applied to all motions for compassionate release
       filed under § 3582(c)(1)(A), including those filed by prisoners.
       996 F.3d 1243, 1247–48 (11th Cir. 2021). Thus, a district court may
       not reduce a sentence unless a reduction would be consistent with
       § 1B1.13’s definition of “extraordinary and compelling reasons.”
       Id. Next, we concluded that the catch-all provision in the
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       6                      Opinion of the Court                  22-13059

       commentary to § 1B1.13 did not grant to district courts, in addition
       to the BOP, the discretion to develop other reasons outside those
       listed in § 1B1.13 that might justify a reduction in a defendant’s sen-
       tence. Id. at 1248, 1263–65.
               The 2023 Guidelines, effective November 1, 2023, amended
       § 1B1.13. See U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 (U.S. Sent’g Comm’n 2023). The
       Sentencing Commission amended § 1B1.13 to clarify that it is ap-
       plicable to motions by defendants and move the definition of “ex-
       traordinary and compelling reasons” to the text of the Guidelines.
       See id. § 1B1.13(a)–(b). It also added language to the medical cir-
       cumstances qualifying as extraordinary and compelling reasons to
       include:
              (C) The defendant is suffering from a medical condi-
                  tion that requires long-term or specialized med-
                  ical care that is not being provided and without
                  which the defendant is at risk of serious deterio-
                  ration in health or death.
              (D) The defendant presents the following circum-
                  stances—
                    (i) the defendant is housed at a correctional
                         facility affected or at imminent risk of be-
                         ing affected by (I) an ongoing outbreak of
                         infectious disease, or (II) an ongoing pub-
                         lic health emergency declared by the ap-
                         propriate federal, state, or local authority;
                    (ii) due to personal health risk factors and
                         custodial status, the defendant is at in-
                         creased risk of suffering severe medical
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       22-13059               Opinion of the Court                         7

                          complications or death as a result of expo-
                          sure to the ongoing outbreak of infectious
                          disease or the ongoing public health
                          emergency described in clause (i); and
                    (iii) such risk cannot be adequately mitigated
                          in a timely manner.
       Id. § 1B1.13(b)(1)(C)–(D).
              When reviewing a district court’s application of the Guide-
       lines, we apply the version of the Guidelines in effect at the time of
       the district court’s decision.          United States v. Jerchower,
       631 F.3d 1181, 1184 (11th Cir. 2011). We will consider clarifying
       amendments to the Guidelines but will not apply substantive
       changes retroactively. Id. An amendment altering the text of the
       Guidelines suggests a substantive change. Id. at 1185. In a previous
       unpublished opinion, we concluded that the amendment to
       § 1B1.13 was substantive, and, therefore, would not apply retroac-
       tively. United States v. Johns, No. 23-10156, 2023 WL 8469703, at *4
       n.1 (11th Cir. Dec. 7, 2023) (per curiam).
              Here, the Government’s position is clearly correct as a mat-
       ter of law. It does not matter whether Prada can argue that he
       showed an extraordinary and compelling reason to justify his re-
       lease under the newly amended U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13. His challenge
       that the District Court abused its discretion in determining that
       compassionate release was not warranted under the 18 U.S.C.
       § 3553(a) factors is frivolous because the court determined Prada
       was a major drug trafficker and posed a threat to the community
       based on at least one prior threat to one of his counterparts.
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       8                   Opinion of the Court             22-13059

           Accordingly, we GRANT the Government’s motion for
       summary affirmance. See Groendyke Transp., 406 F.2d at 1162.
             AFFIRMED.