Court Opinion

ID: 4361779
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-01-24 21:09:09.125327+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:36:55.289192
License: Public Domain

Rule 1007.    Commencement of Action.

       An action may be commenced by filing with the prothonotary:

       (1)    a [praecipe] praecipe for a writ of summons, or

       (2)    a complaint.

              Note: For the form of the writ of summons, [see] see Rule 1351[,
              infra].

              [See] See Rule 205.5 governing the requirement for filing a cover
              sheet with the pleading commencing the action.

                     Rule 2005(b) does not authorize the filing of a praecipe
              for a writ of summons if an unknown defendant is to be
              identified by a Doe designation.

Rule 1018.    Caption
       Every pleading shall contain a caption setting forth the name of the court, the

number of the action and the name of the pleading. The caption of a complaint shall set

forth the form of the action and the names of all the parties, including a Doe designation

for an unknown defendant as provided in Rule 2005, but in other pleadings it is

sufficient to state the name of the first party on each side in the complaint with an

appropriate indication of other parties.

              Note: Civil Actions and proceedings shall be captioned ‘‘Court of
              Common Pleas of _______________ County -- Civil Action’’ or other
              appropriate form of action.

                       The caption of all legal papers filed in a medical professional
              liability action must contain the designation ‘‘Civil Action -- Medical
              Professional Liability Action.’’ [See] See Rule 1042.16.

                      The caption of all legal papers filed in a civil action by and
              against a minor must designate the minor by the initials of his or her
              first and last name. See Rule 2028.
Rule 1033.    Amendment.

       (a)    A party, either by filed consent of the adverse party or by leave of court,

may at any time change the form of action, add a person as a party, correct the name of

a party, or otherwise amend the pleading. The amended pleading may aver transactions

or occurrences which have happened before or after the filing of the original pleading,

even though they give rise to a new cause of action or defense. An amendment may be

made to conform the pleading to the evidence offered or admitted.

       (b)    An amendment correcting the name of a party against whom a claim has

been asserted in the original pleading relates back to the date of the commencement of

the action if, within [ninety] 90 days after the period provided by law for commencing the

action, the party received notice of the institution of the action such that it will not be

prejudiced in maintaining a defense on the merits and the party knew or should have

known that the action would have been brought against the party but for a mistake

concerning the identity of the proper party.

       (c)    An amendment substituting the actual name of a defendant for a Doe

designation as provided in Rule 2005 relates back to the date of the commencement

of the action if, within the time provided by Rule 401 for service, the defendant

named by the amendment has received actual or constructive notice of the

commencement of the action such that it will not be prejudiced in maintaining a

defense on the merits and the defendant knew or should have known that the action

would have been brought against it but for lack of knowledge of the defendant’s

actual name.

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                               [This is an entirely new rule.]

Rule 2005.    Unknown Defendant.             Doe Designation.

       (a)    This rule shall only apply to in personam actions.

       (b)    The plaintiff or joining party may designate an unknown defendant by a Doe

designation in a complaint provided that:

              (1)     a defendant’s actual name is unknown to the plaintiff or joining party

       after having conducted a reasonable search with due diligence;

              (2)      the Doe designation is averred to be fictitious;

              (3)      a factual description of the unknown defendant is averred with

       sufficient particularity for identification; and

              (4)     the plaintiff or joining party avers that a reasonable search to

       determine the actual name has been conducted.

              Note: This rule does not authorize use of a Doe designation in an
              action commenced by a writ of summons.

                    The unknown defendant should be designated by a Doe
              designation such as John Doe or Jane Doe.
       (c)    Within 20 days after the actual name of the defendant has been identified,

the plaintiff or joining party shall file a motion to amend the complaint pursuant to this rule

and Rule 1033 by replacing the Doe designation with the defendant’s actual name. An

affidavit shall be attached to the motion describing the nature and extent of the

investigation that was made to determine the identity of the defendant, and the date upon

and the manner in which the defendant’s actual name was identified.

              Note: Rule 1033 and this rule govern the requirements for amending
              a complaint to replace a Doe designation with the actual name of a
              defendant.

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       (d)     The court shall grant a motion to amend filed pursuant to subdivision (c)

unless the court finds that the party seeking the amendment failed to exercise due

diligence in identifying the actual name of the defendant.

       (e)     A defendant introduced to an action by its actual name in an amended

complaint, after the filing of a motion pursuant to subdivision (c) and the court’s ruling,

may respond by preliminary objection challenging compliance with this rule, asserting

prejudice or any other ground set forth in Rule 1028.

       (f)     No subpoena in aid of discovery relating to a defendant identified by a Doe

designation may be issued or be served without leave of court upon motion stating with

particularity from whom information is sought and how the discovery will aid in

identification of the unknown defendant. In deciding the motion, the court shall weigh the

importance of the discovery sought against unreasonable annoyance, embarrassment,

oppression, burden, or expense to any person or party from whom the discovery is

sought, and prejudice to any person or entity suspected of being the unknown defendant.

Leave to serve a subpoena in aid of discovery does not preclude a challenge to the

subpoena by the person or entity served.

       (g)     No final judgment may be entered against a defendant designated by a Doe

designation.

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Rule 2252.   Right to Join Additional Defendants.

      (a)    Except as provided by Rule 1706.1, any party may join as an additional

defendant any person not a party to the action who may be

             (1) solely liable on the underlying cause of action against the joining party,

      or
             Note: The term ‘‘underlying cause of action’’ refers to the cause of
             action set forth in the plaintiff’s complaint or the defendant’s counter-
             claim.
             (2)    [Rescinded.

             (3)    Rescinded.

             (4)]   liable to or with the joining party on any cause of action arising out of

      the transaction or occurrence or series of transactions or occurrences upon which

      the underlying cause of action against the joining party is based.

             Note: [Paragraph (4)] Subdivision (a)(2) permits a joining party to
             join an additional defendant who may be liable over on the underlying
             cause of action against the joining party or jointly and severally liable
             with the joining party.

                    The joinder of an additional defendant in a class action is
             limited by Rule 1706.1 to the grounds set forth in that rule.

      (b)    The joining party may file as of course a [praecipe] praecipe for a writ or a

complaint.

             Note: Rule 2005(b) does not authorize the filing of a praecipe
             for a writ of summons if an unknown defendant is to be
             identified by a Doe designation.
             (1)    If the joinder is by writ, the joining party shall file a complaint within

      twenty days from the filing of the [praecipe] praecipe for the writ. If the joining

      party fails to file the complaint within the required time, any other party may seek

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       a rule to file the complaint and an eventual judgment of [non pros] non pros in

       the manner provided by Rule 1037(a) for failure to file a complaint.

                (2)   The complaint, in the manner and form required of the initial pleading

       of the plaintiff in the action, shall set forth the facts relied upon to establish the

       liability of the joined party and the relief demanded.

                Note: For the form of notice to defend in a complaint to join an
                additional defendant, [see] see Rule 1018.1.
       (c)      The writ to join an additional defendant shall be directed to the additional

defendant and shall be substantially in the following form:

                                  Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

                                    County of _____________

                                             (Caption)

To _____________: (Name of Additional Defendant)

       You are notified that ________________________________________________
                                  (Name(s) of Defendant(s))
has (have) joined you as an additional defendant in this action, which you are required to

defend.
Date ___________

Seal of Court                       _______________________________________
                                         (Name of Prothonotary (Clerk))

                                    By _____________________________________
                                                     (Deputy)

[(d)   Rescinded.]

                Note: [See] See Rule 1031.1 governing cross-claims for the
                procedure to assert a claim against a person already a party to an
                action.

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