Court Opinion

ID: 6345472
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-05-31 17:00:20.815885+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:13:14.654022
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                        FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                              __________

                           Nos. 19-2073 & 19-3582
                                 __________

                              MAJORIE M. GILLESPIE;
       THOMAS J. GILLESPIE, JR., Thomas J. Gillespie, Jr. Revocable Trust;
                        Majorie M. Gillespie Revocable Trust;
 MARIE BARGE; JOHN T. NALEVANKO; KATHRYN D. NALEVANKO; JAMES
                                      KEEGAN;
JOSEPH KEEGAN; MICHAEL KEEGAN; PATRICK KEEGAN; ROBERT KEEGAN;
             ANTHONY LABORANTI, JR.; CAROL A. LABORANTI;
   WILLIAM J. HINZ, Trustee for Barbara Hinz, Jacob Hinz and Jacqueline Shaw;
       TERRENCE J. DEMPSEY, Trustee for Terry Dempsey, Joan Dempsey,
    Jeffrey Dempsey, Christine Kisel and Jennifer O'Shea; JEFFREY DEMPSEY;
            CHRISTINE WEST; JENNIFER O'SHEA; JOAN DEMPSEY,
            Trustee for Terry Dempsey, Joane Dempsey, Jeffrey Dempsey,
             Christine Kisel and Jennifer O'Shea; FRANK R. PENETER;
          SHARON D. PENTER; MARK J. ALBERT; DAWN H. ALBERT;
   KATHLEEN DEMPSEY; GERARD P. DEMPSEY; ROBERT N. DEMPSEY;
  ROBERT M. KARUZIE, SR.; FREDERICK MITCHELL; GREG POTOCHNICK;
            ALLAN L. TADDER; JUDITH TADDER; PETER DICENSO;
   LEE CONABOY DICENSO; LOUIS CROCE; LORI ANN GIAMMARUSCO;
               CATHY LOUISE WALKER; WILLIAM T. TAYLOR,
            Executor of the Estate of Robert Taylor; JEFFREY BARONE;
               MARILEE BARONE; DAVID NATHAN MCILNAY;
            STEPHEN CRESSWELL MCILNAY; DANIEL D. CAPOZZI;
    CHRISTOPHER S. CAPOZZI; MARK W. CAPOZZI; PETER M. CAPOZZI;
     ELIZABETH A. HEALEY; MARY SARAH MASTRI; H. SARA MASTRI;
           RONALD SMITH; ALLAN D. BIRNEY; LYNN W. BIRNEY;
   GCR LAKE ARIEL LLC, c/o J. Conrad Bosley; GEORGE W. WHITEHOUSE;
         JESSICA FAUX; CECELIA ALTIER; BRIAN JAMES GREGORY;
      SCOTT GREGORY; MICHAEL S. KWIATEK; SUSAN H. KWIATEK;
    HENRY R. LEMPICKY; CYNTHIA LEMPICKY; RICHARD J. REDLING;
         JOAN C. REDLING; MONA H. BARBA; JOHN J. ELTRINGHAM;
    SANDRA L. ELTRINGHAM; ROBERT M. GILROY; JEAN ANN GILROY;
   MICHAEL MERRICK; WILLIAM EAGAN, Trustee of the Kelly Family Trust;
        MARY ELIZABETH EMMEL, Trustee of the Kelly Family Trust;
  THOMAS P. JACKOVICS; JUDITH M. JACKOVICS; MARGARET KELLY,
  Trustee for Edward, Elizabeth, Thomas and Frank Kelly; FLORENCE KELLY;
LAKE ARIEL FAMILY PARTNERSHIP, LP, c/o Bill Schautz; MATTHEW DRACE;
     JONATHAN S. CHERNES; RICHARD C. MERRITT; LISA MERRITT;
               SUSANNAH MERRITT; ANN STOODLEY-TEETS;
  CAROL STOODLEY-RICHARDS; MARY ELLEN STOODLEY-KENNEDY;
   JAMES L. RICHARDS; GRACE E. MERRITT; AMY MERRITT EASTON;
            CYNTHIA MERRITT-FISHER; STEPHEN D. MERRITT;
  MARTHA MERRITT-SHUGRUE, Trustee of Stoodley Merrit Revocable Trust;
  RICHARD GAYLORD; MICHAEL KRAWCZYK; DEBORAH KRAWCZYK;
    WILLIAM A. ALBRIGHT; WILLIAM W. ALBRIGHT; HAI Y. WANG;
CHAUN ZHANG; TIMOTHY CLAUSS; ROSANNE CLAUSS; DAVID D. CLAUSS;
      REGINA M. CLAUSS; STEVEN KOWALCZYK; KAREN BARILLO;
    MICHAEL MALAKIN; BARBARA GUTT; THEODORE E. MALAKIN;
         LINDA J. MALAKIN; ERIK J. GUTT; MATTHEW M. GUTT;
    GENEVIEVE G. SAYLOR; PETER LOMBARDI; *ROBERT J. CLAUSS;
                      HELEN B. SCOTT; DALE QUAYLE;
                MARGARET QUAYLE; CHRISTIAN WOEHRLE,
                                   Appellants

                                      v.

                      LORI DRING; NANCY ASARO

        *(DISMISSED PURSUANT TO THE CLERK ORDER OF 1/6/22)
                           __________

               On Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                          (D.C. No. 3-15-cv-00950)
               Honorable A. Richard Caputo, U.S. District Judge
                                __________

                                No. 20-2080
                                __________

                      LORI DRING; NANCY ASARO,
                               Appellants

                                      v.

                                      2
                             ARIEL LAND OWNERS, INC.
                                    __________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                                (D.C. No. 3-15-cv-00478)
                     Honorable John E. Jones III, U.S. District Judge
                                      __________

                      Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                  on May 25, 2022

    Before: KRAUSE and PHIPPS, Circuit Judges, and STEARNS,* District Judge.

                              (Opinion filed: May 31, 2022)

                                       __________

                                        OPINION†
                                       __________
KRAUSE, Circuit Judge.

       Lori Dring and her sister Nancy Asaro (collectively, “Dring”) and a group of

property owners known as the West Shore Property Owners (the “Property Owners”)

appeal the District Court’s decisions in two separate but related cases awarding their

opponents attorneys’ fees under the terms of a 2006 Settlement Agreement. The Property

Owners further appeal the District Court’s decision granting Dring summary judgment on

their claim for breach of that agreement. Because the District Court did not err in its

       *
       Honorable Richard G. Stearns, United States District Court for the District of
Massachusetts, sitting by designation.
       †
        This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does
not constitute binding precedent.
                                             3
interpretation of the Settlement Agreement or abuse its discretion in awarding attorneys’

fees, we will affirm.

       I.     Background1

       This case stems from a decades-old dispute over property rights at Lake Ariel, in

Wayne County, Pennsylvania. See Dring v. Ariel Land Owners, Inc., 782 F. App’x 133

(3d Cir. 2019); Ariel Land Owners, Inc. v. Dring, 374 F. App’x 346 (3d Cir. 2010).

Previous litigation between the parties ended in a partial settlement, and these appeals arise

out of purported violations of that Settlement Agreement. See Gillespie App. 86–90. In

the ALO action, Dring sued Ariel Land Owners (“ALO”) alleging that it violated the

settlement by failing to deliver a permanent easement over a parcel of land called Cardinal

Lane, ALO App. 49a–56a, while in the Gillespie action, the Property Owners sued Dring

alleging that Dring failed to grant them an easement over a piece of land called the West

Shore Strip and seeking a ruling that they held a prescriptive easement over that land,

Gillespie App. 48–74. ALO asserted a counterclaim against Dring for a purported breach

of the Settlement Agreement and Dring asserted a counterclaim against the Property

Owners alleging trespass for their continued use of the West Shore Strip to access Lake

Ariel. ALO App. 67a–68a; Gillespie App. 399–401.

       1
         For the convenience of the reader, the appendix and briefing in Gillespie v. Dring
et al., Nos. 19-2073 and 19-3582, is cited as: Gillespie Opening Br., Gillespie Answering
Br., Gillespie Reply Br., and Gillespie App. The appendix and briefing in Dring v. Ariel
Land Owners Inc., No. 20-2080, is cited using the same convention, substituting “ALO”
for “Gillespie.”
                                              4
       In the ALO action, the District Court granted summary judgment to ALO on Dring’s

breach of contract claim, granted summary judgment to Dring on ALO’s counterclaim, and

awarded ALO attorneys’ fees under the Settlement Agreement. ALO App. 9a–10a; ALO

App. 107a; Dring, 782 F. App’x at 134–35. Meanwhile, in the Gillespie action, the

District Court granted summary judgment to Dring on the Property Owners’ claims,

approved a joint stipulation dismissing Dring’s counterclaim without prejudice, and

awarded attorneys’ fees to Dring under the Settlement Agreement. Gillespie App. 10–11,

45. Dring now appeals the District Court’s decision to award attorneys’ fees to ALO, and

the Property Owners appeal the District Court’s decision to grant Dring summary judgment

and attorneys’ fees. ALO App. 1; Gillespie App. 12, 46. For the reasons discussed below,

we will affirm.

       II.    Discussion

       The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332, and we have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.2

       2
         Although Dring’s counterclaim was voluntarily dismissed without prejudice in the
Gillespie action, and we generally do not consider such a dismissal to be a “final decision”
within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. § 1291, there is no attempt here to manufacture appellate
jurisdiction to “obtain review of [an otherwise] interlocutory ruling.” Camesi v. Univ. of
Pittsburgh Med. Ctr., 729 F.3d 239, 246 (3d Cir. 2013). Rather, the District Court granted
summary judgment to Dring on the Property Owners’ claim, and that decision—not an
otherwise unreviewable interlocutory order—is now before us on appeal. See Trevino-
Barton v. Pittsburgh Nat’l Bank, 919 F.2d 874, 878 (3d Cir. 1990). Thus, “denial of relief
and dismissal of the case ended this suit so far as the District Court was concerned,” and
we therefore agree with the parties that “dismissal . . . without prejudice to filing another
suit does not make [this] cause unappealable.” United States v. Wallace & Tiernan Co.,
336 U.S. 793, 794 n.1 (1949).
                                             5
              a.     Attorneys’ Fees3

       In the ALO action, Dring argues that the District Court erred by determining that

ALO was a “prevailing party” and entitled to attorneys’ fees under Section 14 of the

Settlement Agreement (the “Attorney Fee Provision”) because ALO’s counterclaim was

unsuccessful,4 and in the alternative, that even if ALO was the prevailing party, the District

Court nevertheless abused its discretion because it was unreasonable to award attorneys’

fees in connection with work expended on an unsuccessful counterclaim. ALO Opening

Br. 12–26; ALO Reply Br. 1–8.

       Under Pennsylvania law, settlement agreements are enforced in accordance with

principles of contract law, see Krebs v. United Refin. Co. of Pa., 893 A.2d 776, 783 (Pa.

Super. Ct. 2006), and so we look to the plain and ordinary meaning of the Attorney Fee

Provision to discern the intent of the parties, Gustine Uniontown Assocs., Ltd. v. Anthony

Crane Rental, Inc., 892 A.2d 830, 837 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2006). Section 14 of the Settlement

Agreement provides that:

              The United States District Court for the Middle District of
              Pennsylvania shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any action
              or proceeding involving the interpretation or breach of this
              Agreement, and the parties hereto submit to the personal
              jurisdiction of such Court. The prevailing party in any such

       3
         We exercise plenary review in deciding whether the District Court applied the
proper legal standard to its award of attorneys’ fees, and we review the reasonableness of
that fee award for abuse of discretion. McKenna v. City of Philadelphia, 582 F.3d 447,
455 (3d Cir. 2009).
       4
        In the Gillespie action, Dring takes the opposite position: She defends the Court’s
decision to award her attorneys’ fees as the prevailing party despite advancing an
unsuccessful counterclaim. Gillespie Reply Br. 34–39.
                                              6
             action shall be entitled to recover reasonable attorney’s fees
             from the other party.

ALO App. 45a. The Settlement Agreement does not contain a definition of the term

“prevailing party,” but the Pennsylvania Superior Court has explained that it is “commonly

defined as ‘a party in whose favor a judgment is rendered, regardless of the amount of

damages awarded.’” Profit Wize Mktg. v. Wiest, 812 A.2d 1270, 1275 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2002)

(quoting Party, Black’s Law Dictionary (7th ed. 1999)). Here, there is no doubt that ALO

is the prevailing party with respect to the “action” initiated by Dring because the Court

“enter[ed] judgment in [ALO’s] favor” on those claims. Id. at 1276.

      Nevertheless, Dring attempts to introduce ambiguity into the Attorney Fee Provision

by arguing that her victory on ALO’s compulsory counterclaim prevents ALO from

qualifying as a prevailing party for the purposes of the Settlement Agreement.5 ALO

Opening Br. 12–26; ALO Reply Br. 1–8. But this would frustrate the parties’ intent,

which was to shift the burden of litigating a claim for breach of contract away from the

party ultimately found to be in compliance with the agreement, see James W. Moore et al.,

Moore’s Federal Practice § 54.171[1][a] (3d ed. 2022) (“It is common, however, for

parties entering into contracts to provide that in any litigation arising from the

contract, the winning litigant will be entitled to collect the attorney’s fees incurred in

enforcing the contract.”), and not to force a defendant to either forfeit a compulsory

      5
         A compulsory counterclaim is one that arises “out of the same ‘transaction or
occurrence’” that is the subject matter of the claim asserted in the complaint. Barefoot
Architect, Inc. v. Bunge, 632 F.3d 822, 836 (3d Cir. 2011) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P.
13(a)(1)(A)).
                                            7
counterclaim or risk forfeiting attorneys’ fees, leading to gamesmanship plainly not

contemplated by the Settlement Agreement. ALO App. 45a.

       This basic principle is reinforced by myriad cases addressing the ability of courts to

award costs and attorneys’ fees to litigants as prevailing parties even when those litigants

advanced unsuccessful counterclaims. For example, under Pennsylvania law, where “the

law requires that the case shall be tried in one action,” Nash v. Raun, 67 F. Supp. 212, 215

(W.D. Pa. 1946), as with ALO’s compulsory counterclaim, the “defendant is entitled to

recover costs from the plaintiff where defendant failed to recover on its counterclaim,

although successful in defending against plaintiffs’ suit,” Stahl v. Erie Delivery Co., 31 Pa.

D. & C. 429, 430 (Pa. Ct. Com. Pl. 1937); Burgess v. Senior, 54 Pa. D. & C. 167, 169 (Pa.

Ct. Com. Pl. 1945). Similarly, in assessing prevailing party status under Federal Rule of

Civil Procedure 54(d)—which, like the Attorney Fee Provision, uses the term “prevailing

party”—we examine whether the defendant advanced counterclaims that are related in

some way to the main complaint or require proof outside the scope of the plaintiff’s claims.

See, e.g., Hubner v. Schoonmaker, No. 89-cv-3400, 1993 WL 273689, at *3–4 (E.D. Pa.

July 20, 1993); Lacovara v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 102 F.R.D. 959,

961 (E.D. Pa. 1984); see also 10 James W. Moore et al., Moore’s Federal Practice

§ 54.101[3] (3d ed. 2022).

       Here, ALO’s counterclaim was nearly identical to its affirmative defense to Dring’s

claim for breach of the Settlement Agreement, ALO App. 67a–68a; Dring, 782 F. App’x

at 134–35, so “the law requires” that the claim and counterclaim “shall be tried in one

action.” Nash, 67 F. Supp. at 215. Accordingly, the District Court did not err in concluding

                                              8
that ALO was the prevailing party because it was “successful in defending against

plaintiffs’ suit” even though it “failed to recover on its counterclaim.” Stahl, 31 Pa. D. &

C. at 430. For these same reasons, the District Court did not err in concluding that Dring

was a “prevailing party” under the Attorney Fee Provision despite failing to succeed on her

compulsory counterclaim for trespass over the West Shore Strip in the Gillespie action.

Gillespie App. 17–19.

       Dring contends in the alternative that the District Court abused its discretion by

awarding attorneys’ fees to ALO for work expended on its unsuccessful counterclaim. But

where, as here, claims involve “a common core of facts or [are] based on related legal

theories,” the success vel non of a counterclaim “is not a sufficient reason for reducing a

fee.” Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 435 (1983). Because ALO’s counterclaim arose

out of the same transaction and occurrence as Dring’s claim, we cannot say that the District

Court abused its discretion in awarding fees for work expended on the counterclaim.

       In sum, the District Court did not commit legal error in determining prevailing party

status under the Settlement Agreement in either the ALO or Gillespie actions, nor did it

abuse its discretion in awarding fees in connection with the unsuccessful counterclaim in

the ALO action, so we will affirm.

              b.     Summary Judgment6

       In the other claim before us, the Property Owners challenge the District Court’s

holding that Dring was not required to grant them an easement over the West Shore Strip

       6
        Our review of a district court’s order granting summary judgment is plenary,
Mylan Inc. v. SmithKline Beecham Corp., 723 F.3d 413, 418 (3d Cir. 2013), and we apply
                                             9
because her performance under that provision of the Settlement Agreement was never

triggered due to ALO’s failure to deliver the Cardinal Lane easement. Gillespie Opening

Br. 20–24; Gillespie App. 4–6. Because the District Court properly interpreted the

contract and ALO indisputably failed to deliver Cardinal Lane, the Court did not err in

granting Dring summary judgment.

       The Property Owners contend that Dring had a “duty” under the Settlement

Agreement to deed the West Shore Strip easement to them, Gillespie Reply Br. 10, but as

the attorney for ALO and the Property Owners testified, the parties’ intent was not that

Dring grant an easement directly to the Property Owners. Gillespie App. 468, 933. Rather,

as the record conclusively demonstrates, the parties intended that: (i) Dring deed a portion

of the West Shore Strip to ALO in a quitclaim deed, (ii) the quitclaim deed would be subject

to an easement in favor of the Property Owners, and (iii) the quitclaim deed and easement

were to be conveyed together in the same document. Gillespie App. 4–6, 468, 933. And

there is no disputed issue of fact as to whether the parties intended for ALO and Dring to

exchange the quitclaim deed and Cardinal Lane easement simultaneously. Instead, as the

attorney for ALO and the Property Owners admitted, the agreement “provides that the

parties were to exchange the deeds and instruments provided for in the Settlement

Agreement at the same time.” Gillespie App. 468; see id. at 933.

       Because the exchange between Dring and ALO was to be simultaneous, ALO’s

performance was a condition precedent to Dring’s performance, meaning that Dring was

the same standard, viewing the facts and making all reasonable inferences in the non-
movant’s favor, Hugh v. Butler Cnty. Fam. YMCA, 418 F.3d 265, 266–67 (3d Cir. 2005).
                                            10
not under any obligation to deed a portion of the West Shore Strip to ALO, nor grant an

easement to the Property Owners, absent ALO’s performance or offer to perform. See

Johnson v. Hopwood, 20 A. 630, 631 (Pa. 1890); Restatement (Second) Contracts § 238

cmt. a (Am. L. Inst. 1981). ALO never performed or offered to perform because it lacked

title to Cardinal Lane, so Dring’s “duty” to deliver a quitclaim deed to ALO (containing an

easement in favor of the Property Owners) never arose.

       The Property Owners contend that they should not be punished simply because ALO

lacked title to Cardinal Lane. Gillespie Opening Br. 23–24. But Dring’s only obligation

to the Property Owners under the Settlement Agreement was to release her claims against

them in exchange for their reciprocal release of claims, which she did by dismissing her

claims. Gillespie App. 8, 88–89. While the Property Owners appeal to the principles of

equity, Gillespie Reply Br. 18–19, we cannot, as Judge Caputo succinctly explained,

“rewrite the agreement to shift the forfeiture from the Property Owners to Dring when ALO

is the only party in breach.” Gillespie App. 6. Because there is no disputed issue of

material fact that Dring’s obligation to grant the Property Owners an easement over the

West Shore Strip was contingent on ALO’s performance, we will affirm.7

       7
         Conceding that this argument was forfeited because it was not raised below, the
Property Owners nevertheless ask us to hold, for the first time on appeal, that the Settlement
Agreement grants them an easement over the West Shore Strip as a matter of law. See
Gillespie Reply Br. 5–9. We decline to consider this because no “exceptional
circumstance[]” requires us to consider this otherwise forfeited argument. Barna v. Bd. of
Sch. Dirs. of Panther Valley Sch. Dist., 877 F.3d 136, 147 (3d Cir. 2017). While we agree
with the District Court that the plain language of the Settlement Agreement released the
Property Owners’ prescriptive easement claim, see Gillespie App. 88, the District Court
was never asked to consider, nor did it decide, whether Dring, in the Settlement Agreement,
                                             11
      III.   Conclusion

      For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the District Court.

released future trespass claims against the Property Owners. See Gillespie App. 6–9. We
leave it for a trial court to consider these issues in the first instance.
                                           12