Court Opinion

ID: 7023219
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-24 04:53:55.439773+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:10:38.106142
License: Public Domain

PRESIDING JUSTICE McCULLOUGH delivered the opinion of the court: Plaintiff Pontiac Township High School District No. 90 (Pontiac) appeals the circuit court’s affirmance of the decision of the Regional Board of School Trustees of Livingston County (Board). On January 4, 1988, the Board granted a petition filed pursuant to section 7 — 6 of the School Code (Code) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 122, par. 7—6) and ordered the detachment of 7,354.85 acres from Pontiac for annexation to Dwight Township High School District No. 230 (Dwight). Pontiac contends the granting of the detachment was erroneous because no pupils reside in the detachment area as required by statute. Pontiac also argues that even if the existence of pupils in the detachment area is not required, the decision of the Board is against the manifest weight of the evidence. We agree and reverse. Two separate petitions pursuant to section 7 — 6 of the Code were filed with the Board, seeking detachment of a total of 7,354.85 acres from Pontiac for annexation to Dwight. The first petition, filed on June 30, 1987, and referred to as petition No. 82, was signed by the 13 registered voters living on the 2,041.67 acres which were the subject of petition No. 82. No children resided on this property, which has an assessed valuation of $302,144. The second petition, filed on October 20, 1987, and referred to as petition No. 86, was signed by two-thirds of the registered voters living on the 5,313.18 acres subject to this petition. One school-aged child, a high school senior, resided on this property, which has an assessed valuation of $800,075. As of July 1, 1987, Pontiac’s total assessed valuation was $103,054,753. This figure includes property detached from Odell Community High School District No. 160 (Odell) and annexed to Pontiac on July 1, 1987, and property detached from Saunemin Community Consolidated School District No. 438 (Saunemin) and annexed to Pontiac on July 1, 1987. After the Odell and Saunemin properties were annexed to Pontiac, five petitions, excluding Nos. 82 and 86, were filed before the Board to detach certain territory from Pontiac for annexation to Dwight (four petitions) and Prairie Central Community Unit School District No. 8 (one petition). Pontiac did not oppose these five petitions, which were later granted. The total assessed valuation of the property in the five petitions was $2,673,800. The corresponding loss of tax revenue to Pontiac for these five petitions was $42,638 annually. The 1987 overall tax rate for Pontiac is 1.696%. Pontiac is levying the maximum rate in all operating funds except the transportation fund. The tax rate for Dwight is 1.9689% and it is levying the maximum authorized rate in all funds. The total potential loss in assessed valuation to Pontiac, including all seven petitions, is $3,776,019 or 3.67% of its total assessed valuation. The corresponding loss in tax revenue to Pontiac is $60,227 annually. Five of the petitioners who signed the petitions concerned in this appeal testified before the Board. Their testimony can be summarized as follows: (1) Each lived 41/2 to 10 miles distant from Dwight and from 12 to 22 miles distant from Pontiac. (2) Two petitioners did business in Pontiac; the majority of the petitioners testifying shopped and banked in Dwight; two petitioners banked in Dwight and Odell; two petitioners attended church in Dwight. (3) One petitioner had two preschool children, one of whom was attending a private school in Odell and he testified that both of his children would attend this school through the eighth grade. (4) Three petitioners had lived on their property for at least 24 years and had never petitioned to annex their property to another school district. (5) None had school-age children. The superintendent for Dwight schools, Larry Copes, also testified before the Board. He stated the Pontiac and Dwight school districts were equal in terms of accreditation and recognition, though the American College Testing (ACT) scores for Dwight students were below State averages and Pontiac’s were at or slightly better than State averages. He reported there was only one student in the detachment area at the time of the hearing and she was a senior at Pontiac High School. He stated he supported the detachment because of the financial benefits to Dwight. He also testified regarding the courses Dwight schools offer to benefit the adult population in the attachment area. He stated that the possible future enrollment of pupils in Dwight schools provided an educational advantage for Dwight. The superintendent for Pontiac, Ronald Yates, testified before the Board in opposition to the petitions. He stated that the lost revenue to Pontiac, if. the petitions Nos. 82 and 86 were granted, would be $17,589 annually. The principal of Pontiac High School testified regarding the extracurricular offerings at Pontiac and student participation in these programs. The assistant principal for Pontiac High School testified regarding the curricula at Pontiac, including special education and vocational courses and the professional qualifications of Pontiac teachers. After the hearings, the Board unanimously voted on January 4, 1988, to grant the petitions. Among its findings of fact, the Board concluded: (1) The equalized assessed valuation (valuation) of Pontiac, excluding the previous five petitions, was $100,380,952. (2) The valuation of Dwight, including the four previous petitions, was $45,251,500. (3) The valuation of the area in petitions Nos. 82 and 86, totaling $1,102,219, would result in a 1.10% decrease to Pontiac’s valuation. (4) The valuation of the area in petitions Nos. 82 and 86 would result in a 2.44% increase in Dwight’s valuation. (5) There are no students which would be affected by any change in boundaries. (6) Dwight would gain, in total revenue, an additional $21,701.59 per year if the petitions were granted. (7) Pontiac would lose $17,589 in revenue per year if the petitions were granted. (8) The granting of the petitions would have no significant effect on either district’s ability to meet statutory standards of recognition prescribed by the State Board of Education. (9) Pontiac is not levying the maximum authorized tax rate in all funds, while Dwight is levying the maximum rate in all funds. (10) The financial detriment to Pontiac from detachment is minimal and a financial benefit to Dwight from annexation is minimal. (11) The benefit to Dwight outweighs the detriment to Pontiac and the surrounding community as a whole. On January 20, 1988, Pontiac filed a complaint for administrative review in the circuit court for Livingston County. On July 14, 1988, the circuit court dismissed Pontiac’s complaint, finding the Board’s decision was supported by the evidence. Pontiac urges that because section 7 — 6 of the Code mandates that “the educational welfare of the pupils” be considered by the Board, there must first be students residing in the detachment area. Since there were no students in the detachment area, the petitions should have been denied. Pontiac contends the Board’s decision is contrary to the requirements of section 7 — 6 because there was no evidence before the Board regarding the educational welfare of the students in the detachment area. Dwight argues that the Board’s decision is supported by the evidence and conforms to the accepted standards governing these petitions under section 7 — 6. Section 7 — 6 of the School Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 122, par. 7—6) governs petitions for detachment. Section 7 — 6 provides that the regional board of school trustees to whom the petition is presented shall: “[H]ear evidence as to the school needs and conditions of the territory in the area within and adjacent thereto and as to the ability of the districts affected to meet the standards of recognition as prescribed by the State Board of Education, and shall take into consideration the division of funds and assets which will result from the change of boundaries and shall determine whether it is to the best interests of the schools of the area and the educational welfare of the pupils that such change in boundaries be granted.” Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 122, par. 7 — 6. The supreme court in Oakdale Community Consolidated School District No. 1 v. County Board of School Trustees (1957), 12 Ill. 2d 190, 194, 145 N.E.2d 736, 738, stated that section 4B — 4 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1953, ch. 122, par. 4B — 4), predecessor to section 7 — 6, authorizes the Board to grant a petition: “[0]nly if the division of funds and assets will not jeopardize the educational resources of existing districts and if the change will serve the best interests of the pupils in the entire area. School districts are not to be changed, therefore, solely by the shopping, banking or school preferences of those residing in particular segments thereof.” The Oakdale court also stated: “The welfare of the affected districts and their pupils as a whole must control rather than the wishes of a few, and such petitions [sic] granted only where the benefit derived by the annexing and affected areas clearly outweighs the detriment resulting to the losing district and the surrounding community as a whole.” Oakdale, 12 Ill. 2d at 193-94, 145 N.E .2d at 737. In Board of Education of Golf School District No. 67 v. Regional Board of School Trustees (1982), 89 Ill. 2d 392, 433 N.E.2d 240, the supreme court again discussed the statutory considerations under section 7 — 6. In Golf, the supreme court embraced the “whole child” and “community of interest” factors utilized by the Board in Golf when it ascertained whether the benefit to the annexing and affected areas clearly outweighed the detriment to the losing district and the surrounding community as a whole.  The “whole child” concept recognizes that extracurricular participation in social, religious, and even commercial activities is important in a child’s development as a beneficial supplement to the child’s academic involvement. (Golf, 89 Ill. 2d at 397, 433 N.E.2d at 243.) The “community of interest” notion takes into consideration whether the petitioning area is identified with the school district and community to which annexation is requested. (Golf, 89 Ill. 2d at 397-98, 433 N.E.2d at 243.) The “community of interest” factor figures importantly with the “whole child” concept in determining the benefits and detriments to the school districts involved in a section 7 — 6 detachment petition. Pontiac raises a threshold issue which has been previously addressed by the appellate court: Whether the existence of pupils in the detachment area is a prerequisite to consideration of a section 7 — 6 petition. Pontiac relies on Board of Education of Springfield School District No. 186 v. Scott (1969), 105 Ill. App. 2d 192, 244 N.E.2d 821. In Scott, parcels of land in other school districts were annexed to a special charter district pursuant to section 7 — 2.1 of the School Code, which has since been repealed. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1965, ch. 122, par. 7— 2.1.) The school district in which the parcels were located prior to the annexation appealed, contending the decision was not in the best inter: ests of the schools of the area and the educational welfare of the pupils therein. There were no students residing in the territory annexed. The Scott court held the annexation was erroneous and stated: “On this record, we are of the opinion that the evidence is not sufficient to support the order *** [t]here being no pupils in the annexed territory, no testimony possibly could be produced, nor was any produced, to meet the consideration and test of the educational welfare of the pupils. *** Each annexation or detachment must be examined in the light of the facts then existing, and for that purpose we believe it impermissible to speculate as to the effect of future and wholly contingent annexations or detachments.” Scott, 105 Ill. App. 2d at 201, 244 N.E.2d at 825-26. Dwight contends that Pontiac’s position — “no children, no detachment” — should be rejected because under section 7 — 6 “educational welfare of pupils” includes the welfare of students who attend school in the respective districts but do not live in the detachment area. Dwight points out that all students in Dwight would benefit if the detachment order were affirmed because the district is “financially pinched.” Dwight further states that the Board has a duty to consider whether the detachment would foster the educational welfare of future students and cites to City National Bank v. Schott (1983), 113 Ill. App. 3d 388, 447 N.E.2d 478, and Rhinehart v. Board of Education of Bloomington School District No. 87 (1971), 132 Ill. App. 2d 1078, 271 N.E.2d 104, in support of this argument. In both Schott and Rhinehart, a petition for disconnection was filed pursuant to section 7 — 2.6 of the School Code (see Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 122, par. 7 — 2.6), which concerns special charter districts. In both cases, the appellate court found the petitions should be granted, despite the absence of school-age children, because the evidence before the Board in these cases did address the educational welfare of future children whose presence in the area was immediately foreseeable. The court in Rhinehart also stated: “Nothing suggests a statutory intent that the single fact that there were no pupils in a territory would preclude a showing of the benefits and detriments to an immediately potential student population.” (Emphasis added.) Rhinehart, 132 Ill. App. 2d at 1083, 271 N.E.2d at 108. The Board cites three other cases upholding detachment where no children were present in the area. In Granfield v. Regional Board of School Trustees (1982), 108 Ill. App. 3d 703, 439 N.E.2d 497, Zejmowicz v. County Board of School Trustees (1971), 133 Ill. App. 2d 735, 272 N.E.2d 783, and Board of Education, Troy Consolidated School District No. 30 C v. Will County Board of School Trustees (1971), 132 Ill. App. 2d 947, 271 N.E.2d 87, the courts found detachment was proper. In Granfield and Zejmowicz, there was evidence before the Board concerning the educational programs of the school districts involved as well as evidence of the identification of the detachment area with the annexing district. Thus, detachment was proper. The Troy case did not involve an issue concerning educational welfare of students and, thus, that case provides no authority for Dwight’s or the Board’s position.  After reviewing the cases cited by the parties, we conclude that the mere lack of pupils in a detachment area is not fatal to a petition pursuant to section 7 — 6. In those cases where no children were residing in the detachment areas, some evidence was presented to the Board so that it could determine the educational welfare of present or immediately foreseeable pupils. Therefore, the detachment was proper. While we find the existence of pupils in the area is not required under the statute, in the case before us, the Board received no evidence regarding the educational welfare of pupils. For this reason, we must reverse the order of the Board.  We recognize the Board is the fact finder in those cases brought pursuant to section 7 — 6 and its determinations and decisions will not be set aside on administrative review unless they are shown to be contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence. (Golf 89 Ill. 2d at 396, 433 N.E.2d at 242.) As stated by the supreme court in School Directors of School District No. 82 v. Wolever (1962), 26 Ill. 2d 264, 268, 186 N.E.2d 281, 283: “When the entire record indicates *** that the board has considered the applicable statutory standards and is supported in its conclusion by substantial evidence, its determination must be affirmed.” Pontiac urges the Board’s decision of January 4, 1988, to grant the petitions was primarily based on finding No. 16: “That the detachment area residents strongly identify with the Village of Dwight, Livingston County, Illinois, and Dwight Township High School District No. 203, *** and that the residents favor detachment because of physical proximity which causes them to naturally identify with and gravitate to the Dwight community, notwithstanding the fact that there will be an increased tax rate.” Pontiac argues that this finding evidences a consideration of the “community of interests” factor as set forth in Golf but ignores the “whole child” factor, which is so closely intertwined. Pontiac cites to two recent cases, Fixmer v. Regional Board of School Trustees (1986), 146 Ill. App. 3d 660, 497 N.E.2d 152, and Dresner v. Regional Board of School Trustees (1986), 150 Ill. App. 3d 765, 501 N.E.2d 983, where the court affirmed the Board’s denial of a detachment petition because there was no evidence regarding the educational welfare of students. We find Fixmer and Dresner persuasive authority for the case before us. In Fixmer, the evidence of educational welfare was found to be conflicting at best, and in Dresner, there was virtually no evidence regarding the welfare of the children but only evidence of the desires of the adults involved. In affirming the Board’s denial of the petition, the Dresner court stated: “Although the wishes or conveniences of petitioning parents and their children are to be considered, more than the personal preference of petitioners must be shown to warrant a change in district boundaries.” Dresner, 150 Ill. App. 3d at 779, 501 N.E.2d at 993, citing Golf, 89 Ill. 2d at 400, 433 N.E.2d at 244. In the case before us, we conclude that the entire evidence before the Board concerned the “community of interests” of the petitioners, who have no school-age children. One petitioner, Earl Blair, testified he lives closer to Dwight and spends most of his time there. He statéd that he hoped one day his grandchildren will live near him and if so, it would be closer for them to go to Dwight schools. Another petitioner, Earl Hoegger, also testified he lives closer to Dwight and shops and banks in Dwight. Similar testimony was received from petitioners Howard Verdun, Jerry Legner, and Mrs. Theodore Hubert. The Board contends that it could have reasonably considered the interests of the two preschool children residing in the area were better served if they could eventually go to a high school closer to their home and participate in extracurricular activities. While the Board may be correct, the fact remains that the Board’s own findings establish that it did not consider these two preschoolers. Significantly, one of the Board’s findings was that no children would be affected by the change in boundaries. Dwight argues that the annexation to Dwight promotes the safety of future pupils and points to the two findings of the circuit court on review: “In predominantly rural counties such as Livingston County, transportation to and from schools, particularly in times of inclement weather is a significant factor to be considered by the Regional Board. Although there are presently no children attending either the Pontiac or Dwight High Schools from the territory in question, at such time as such school attendance would occur, the distance factor gains considerable significance. It appears that children with the longest bus rides in question would be travelling a distance of approximately 17 miles round trip to Dwight High School as opposed to 44 miles round trip to Pontiac High School. The increased safety and savings in transportation costs and time together with the identification of the affected area with the Village of Dwight as opposed to the City of Pontiac could well result in increased participation in school activities by the child and his parents depending upon which school district they are thrust into.” This argument is not supported by the record. There was no evidence before the Board regarding safety concerns or increased participation in school activities if the detachment was granted. Indeed, the Board made no such finding. Dwight also states that “all of the available evidence indicates that future students will gravitate naturally to the annexing district.” There is no evidence in the record that this was established before the Board. In summary, a careful review of the record indicates that the Board did not have any evidence before it regarding the educational welfare of the children of the area. This is required by the statute. Pontiac next argues that the Board’s finding that the financial impact on Pontiac was minimal is erroneous. Because we conclude the Board did not consider the statutory factors in granting the petitions, and that its order granting the petitions was erroneous, we need not address this issue. For the foregoing reasons, we conclude the decision of the Board was erroneous. Accordingly, the orders of the circuit court and the Regional Board of School Trustees for Livingston County allowing the detachment are reversed. Reversed. LUND, J., concurs.