Court Opinion

ID: 9450943
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-04 17:01:15.90814+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:38:13.298677
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        AUG 4 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

HARRIS L. WINNS,                                No.    22-16342

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 4:20-cv-06762-YGR

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
EXELA ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS, INC.,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Northern District of California
                Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted August 2, 2023**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: O’SCANNLAIN, SILVERMAN, and JOHNSTONE, Circuit Judges.

      Harris L. Winns appeals pro se the district court’s grant of summary

judgment in favor of his former employer, Exela Enterprise Solutions, Inc., on his

claims under the Equal Pay Act of 1963, 29 U.S.C. § 206(d)(1); the Age

Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (“ADEA”), 29 U.S.C. § 621 et seq.;

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (“WARN”) Act, 29 U.S.C.

§ 2101 et seq.; 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1985(3); Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of

1964 (“Title VII”), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.; and California law. We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo the district court’s grant

of summary judgment, and may affirm on any grounds supported by the record.

Arcona, Inc. v. Farmacy Beauty, LLC, 976 F.3d 1074, 1077 (9th Cir. 2020). We

review for abuse of discretion a district court’s refusal to appoint counsel, Palmer

v. Valdez, 560 F.3d 965, 970 (9th Cir. 2009), and its modifications to a pretrial

scheduling order, Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations, Inc., 975 F.2d 604, 607 (9th

Cir. 1992). We affirm.

      The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s race and

age-based discrimination and harassment claims under Title VII, the ADEA, and

California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act (“FEHA”), Cal. Gov’t Code

§ 12940 et seq., because Winns did not raise these issues in his Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission charge and therefore failed to exhaust administrative

remedies. See 29 U.S.C. §§ 626(c)–(d), 633(b) (ADEA exhaustion requirement);

42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5 (Title VII exhaustion requirement); Cal. Gov’t Code

§ 12965(c) (FEHA exhaustion requirement).

      The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s

defamation claim because Winns failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact

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as to whether Exela published any false statement. See Taus v. Loftus, 151 P.3d

1185, 1209 (Cal. 2007) (setting forth the elements of a defamation claim under

California law, including the publication of a false statement).

       The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim for

conspiracy under 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3) because he failed to raise a genuine dispute

of material fact as to the existence of a conspiracy to investigate him. See Sever v.

Alaska Pulp Corp., 978 F.2d 1529, 1536 (9th Cir. 1992) (setting forth the elements

of a claim under § 1985(3), including a conspiracy for the purpose of depriving a

person of equal protection of the laws).

       The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim for

retaliation in violation of Title VII and California Labor Code § 1102.5 because he

failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to any connection between an

adverse employment action and his protected activities. See Villiarimo v. Aloha

Island Air, Inc., 281 F.3d 1054, 1064 (9th Cir. 2002) (explaining that a plaintiff

can establish a prima facie case of retaliation under Title VII “by showing that:

1) he engaged in a protected activity; 2) he suffered an adverse employment

decision; and 3) there was a causal link between the protected activity and the

adverse employment decision”); Lawson v. PPG Architectural Finishes, Inc., 503

P.3d 659, 667 (Cal. 2022) (explaining that California law “places the burden on the

plaintiff [in an action under § 1102.5] to establish . . . that retaliation for an

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employee’s protected activities was a contributing factor in a contested

employment action”).

      The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim for

violations of the California and federal Equal Pay Acts because he failed to raise a

genuine dispute of material fact as to whether “employees of the opposite sex were

paid different wages for equal work.” Freyd v. Univ. of Or., 990 F.3d 1211, 1219–

20 (9th Cir. 2021) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted) (explaining

requirements for a prima facie case under the Equal Pay Act); see Allen v. Staples,

Inc., 299 Cal. Rptr. 3d 779, 783 (Cal. Ct. App. 2022) (explaining that a prima facie

case under California Labor Code § 1197.5(a) includes a showing of “different

wages to employees doing substantially similar work under substantially similar

conditions” (quoting Hall v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 55 Cal. Rptr. 3d 732, 736 (Cal.

Ct. App. 2007))).

      The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claim of

discrimination under 42 U.S.C. § 1981. There was no genuine issue of material fact

as to whether Winns’s race was a “but-for” cause of any adverse employment

actions. See Comcast Corp. v. Nat’l Ass’n Afr. Am.-Owned Media, 140 S. Ct. 1009,

1014 (2020) (holding that a plaintiff bringing a § 1981 claim “bears the burden of

showing that race was a but-for cause of its injury”).

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        The district court properly granted summary judgment on Winns’s claims

for wrongful termination in violation of public policy, failure to prevent a hostile

work environment and retaliation, and negligent supervision. There was no

genuine issue of material fact as to the underlying discrimination, harassment, and

retaliation on which the claims rested. See DeHorney v. Bank of Am. Nat’l Trust &

Sav. Ass’n, 879 F.2d 459, 465 (9th Cir. 1989) (explaining that where a claim for

wrongful termination in violation of public policy is founded on discrimination, the

plaintiff’s “failure to make a prima facie case of . . . discrimination disposes of this

claim as well”); Trujillo v. N. Cnty. Transit Dist., 73 Cal. Rptr. 2d 596, 601–02

(Cal. Ct. App. 1998) (affirming judgment for defendant on a claim of failure to

prevent a hostile work environment where the record lacked support for the

underlying allegations of discrimination and harassment).

        The district court correctly granted summary judgment on Winns’s

purported WARN Act claim, premised on Exela’s failure to transfer him, because

the WARN Act contains no such transfer requirement. See 29 U.S.C. §§ 2101–

2109.

        The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Winns’s request for

appointment of counsel because he failed to demonstrate “exceptional

circumstances” for the appointment of counsel under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1). See

Palmer, 560 F.3d at 970.

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       The district court did not abuse its discretion in granting Exela additional

time to conduct discovery because Exela showed good cause. Fed. R. Civ.

P. 16(b)(4). Further, the district court’s order vacating the trial date and related

deadlines pending its decision on the motion for summary judgment did not

prejudice Winns or affect his ability to conduct discovery and submit evidence in

opposition to Exela’s motion for summary judgment.

       The record does not support Winns’s contentions of judicial bias. See Liteky

v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555 (1994) (“[J]udicial rulings alone almost never

constitute a valid basis for a bias or partiality motion.”).

       Winns’s contention that the district court denied him his right to a jury trial

lacks merit. See In re Slatkin, 525 F.3d 805, 811 (9th Cir. 2008) (“[A] summary

judgment proceeding does not deprive the losing party of its Seventh Amendment

right to a jury trial.”).

       Winns’s contention that the district court failed to give him required notice

of summary judgment lacks merit. See Jacobsen v. Filler, 790 F.2d 1362, 1364

(9th Cir. 1986) (rejecting required notice of summary judgment for pro se litigants

in an ordinary civil case); cf. Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 960–61 (9th Cir.

1998) (en banc) (explaining notice requirements for pro se prisoners).

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      Winn’s request to transmit physical and documentary exhibits, filed on

November 22, 2022 (Dkt. No. 5), is denied as unnecessary. The items in the

motion are available on the electronic district court docket or have been

transmitted upon this Court’s request.

      AFFIRMED.

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