Court Opinion

ID: 9376042
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-01 18:00:41.650556+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:03.966802
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        MAR 1 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

NATIONSTAR MORTGAGE LLC,                        No.    20-17114

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                2:16-cv-01934-RFB-BNW
 v.

THE LEGACY ESTATES PROPERTY                     MEMORANDUM*
OWNERS ASSOCIATION; PADESHAH
HOLDINGS, LTD.,

                Defendants-Appellees,

and

NEVADA ASSOCIATION SERVICES,
INC.; LAS VEGAS DEVELOPMENT
GROUP, LLC,

                Defendants.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Nevada
                 Richard F. Boulware II, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted December 5, 2022
                              Pasadena, California

Before: KELLY,** IKUTA, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The Honorable Paul J. Kelly, Jr., United States Circuit Judge for the
        Plaintiff Nationstar Mortgage, LLC (Nationstar) filed suit against a

homeowners association known as Legacy Estates Property Owners Association

(Legacy Estates); the agent for Legacy Estates, Nevada Association Services., Inc.

(NAS); Padeshah Holdings, Ltd. (Padeshah); and Las Vegas Development Group,

LCC (LVDG).1 Nationstar’s claim arises from a foreclosure sale. Legacy Estates

initiated the foreclosure to satisfy a lien for past due homeowner’s assessments.

LVDG purchased the subject property and subsequently sold it to Padeshah.

Nationstar seeks an order declaring that it retained its interest in the subject

property after the foreclosure sale or an order declaring that the foreclosure sale

was void; or, in the alternative, damages for breach of Nevada Revised Statutes

Section 116.1113 and wrongful foreclosure. The district court granted summary

judgment in favor of Legacy Estates and quieted title in favor of Padeshah. We

have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo the order

granting summary judgment, Riley’s Am. Heritage Farms v. Elsasser, 32 F.4th

707, 719 (9th Cir. 2022), and we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.

        1. Excuse of Tender. Under Nevada law, “formal tender is excused when

evidence shows that the party entitled to payment had a known policy of rejecting

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, sitting by designation.
1
    NAS and LVDG are not parties to this appeal.

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such payments,” 7510 Perla Del Mar Ave Tr. v. Bank of Am., N.A. (Perla Trust),

458 P.3d 348, 349 (Nev. 2020) (en banc), and the party required to tender “had

knowledge of this business practice,” id. at 351. Here, the district court concluded

that while Nationstar submitted evidence that NAS employed such a policy,

Nationstar failed to submit any evidence demonstrating that its predecessor in

interest, Bank of America, N.A. (BANA), knew of NAS’s policy of refusing such

payments.2 We agree. The testimony of Chris Yergensen, Susan Moses, and

David Stone demonstrates that NAS had a policy of rejecting payments for the

superpriority portion of liens, but does not indicate when, if ever, BANA became

aware of that policy. Nationstar also points to a brief NAS filed in an arbitration

proceeding with BANA, but this evidence is no more helpful. Even if we accept

that the brief put BANA on notice of NAS’s policy, the brief was filed nearly four

months after the foreclosure sale of the subject property. As such, Nationstar

failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact regarding BANA’s knowledge of

NAS’s policy.

2
 Padeshah argues that testimony from depositions taken in other cases is improper
evidence at summary judgment, but this is incorrect. See, e.g., Curnow ex rel.
Curnow v. Ridgecrest Police, 952 F.2d 321, 323–24 (9th Cir. 1991) (holding that
documents that cannot be admitted as depositions may still be admitted as
affidavits so long as they were made on personal knowledge and set forth facts
admissible in evidence).

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      2. Fraud, Unfairness, or Oppression. Under Nevada Law, a foreclosure

sale may be set aside when the sales price is “affected by fraud, unfairness, or

oppression.” Res. Grp., LLC v. Nev. Ass’n Servs., Inc., 437 P.3d 154, 161 (Nev.

2019) (en banc). Here, there is no question that the foreclosure sale price was very

low, but “mere inadequacy of price is not in itself sufficient to set aside the

foreclosure sale.” Id. Instead, the sale price “should be considered together with

any alleged irregularities in the sales process.” Id. Nationstar makes three

arguments that the sales process was otherwise affected by fraud, unfairness, or

oppression.

      First, Nationstar argues that the sale was unfair because NAS refused to

provide a ledger from which the superpriority portion of the lien could be

determined. The Nevada Supreme Court has not addressed this precise question,

but its approach to related questions persuades us that it would reject Nationstar’s

argument.3 For instance, in Saticoy Bay, LLC Series 6132 Peggotty v. Copperfield

Homeowners Association, the Nevada Supreme Court considered a claim for

breach of Section 116.1113 based on the respondent’s failure to disclose whether a

superpriority tender had been made. 498 P.3d 775, 2021 WL 5276629, at *1 (Nev.

3
 “In the absence of a [Nevada] Supreme Court decision, we must predict how the
[Nevada] Supreme Court would decide the issue.” Astaire v. Best Film & Video
Corp., 116 F.3d 1297, 1300 (9th Cir. 1997), amended, 136 F.3d 1208 (9th Cir.
1998).

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Nov. 10, 2021) (unpublished table decision). The court rejected the claim because,

while Nevada Revised Statutes Section 116.31162 was later amended to require

disclosure of this information, no such duty existed at the time of the alleged

violation. Id. (comparing Section 116.31162(1)(b)(3)(II) (2017) with

Section 116.31162 (2013)). Similarly, here, Section 116.31162(l)(b)(2)(I) now

requires disclosure of “[t]he amount of the . . . lien that is prior to the first security

interest,” but no such requirement existed in 2012. See Nev. Rev. Stat.

§ 116.31162 (2005) (effective until 2013). Given that NAS had no statutory duty

to disclose the superpriority amount, we conclude the Nevada Supreme Court

likely would not regard the refusal to provide a ledger as an indication of fraud,

unfairness, or oppression.

       Second, Nationstar argues that NAS publicly represented that the sale would

not extinguish the first deed of trust. The only evidence Nationstar puts forward to

support this argument on appeal is a vague press release issued in connection with

a seminar a year and a half before events relevant to this case. As the district court

correctly concluded, “[t]he press release . . . [is] insufficient to establish that NAS

represented that the foreclosure sale would not extinguish the first deed of trust

during the relevant time periods for this case, and, more importantly, that this

representation was known and relied on by [BANA’s counsel] and Nationstar’s

predecessor-in-interest.”

                                             5
       Third, Nationstar argues the fact the property is now owned by Padeshah, an

entity owned and managed by the son of the pre-foreclosure owners, merits finding

that Nationstar’s interest in the property survived the foreclosure sale. The record

contains no indication that the initial foreclosure sale to LVDG was tainted by

Padeshah. As such, the district court was correct to find Padeshah’s current

ownership of the property does not amount to evidence of fraud, unfairness, or

oppression.

       Because Nationstar has failed to provide indications that fraud, unfairness,

or oppression affected the sale price, Nationstar is not entitled to have the sale set

aside on this basis.

       3. Statute of Limitations. The district court concluded that the statute of

limitations barred Nationstar’s claims for breach of Section 116.1113 and wrongful

foreclosure against Legacy Estates. It reasoned that Nationstar’s claims arose at

the time of the foreclosure sale on May 18, 2012, and were variously subject to

three- or four-year statutes of limitations. Because the complaint in this case was

filed August 15, 2016, the court ruled the claims to be time-barred. While

Nationstar’s appeal was pending in this court, the Nevada Supreme Court issued its

decision in U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Thunder Properties, Inc., 503 P.3d 299 (Nev. 2022)

(en banc). There, the court held that “[t]he HOA foreclosure sale, standing alone,

is not sufficient to trigger” the start of the limitations period for quiet title, rather

                                             6
“something more is required,” “such as the titleholder’s repudiation of the lien.”

Id. at 306–07. The dispute here is about the statute of limitations for Nationstar’s

claims for breach of Section 116.1113 and wrongful foreclosure rather than quiet

title, but at oral argument counsel for Legacy Estates conceded that Thunder

Properties applies to this case. Because the district court did not have the benefit

of Thunder Properties, we remand for consideration of whether “something more”

occurred to trigger the limitations period.

      4. Quiet Title. The district court quieted title in favor of Padeshah. On

appeal, Nationstar argues that this was error because Padeshah did not plead a

counterclaim for quiet title. Padeshah argues it did not need to plead a

counterclaim because Nationstar sought a declaratory order regarding the property

rights of all the parties pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes Section 30.040. We

know of no Nevada authorities that resolve this issue. The Nevada Supreme Court

has explained that under Nevada Law “because ‘[a] plea to quiet title does not

require any particular elements, . . . each party must plead and prove his or her own

claim to the property in question.” Res. Grp., 437 P.3d at 158 (Nev. 2019)

(alterations in original) (quoting Chapman v. Deutsche Bank Natl Tr. Co., 302 P.3d

1103, 1106 (Nev. 2013)); see also Shadow Wood Homeowners Ass’n v. N.Y. Cmty.

Bancorp., 366 P.3d 1105, 1112 (Nev. 2016) (en banc) (recognizing at summary

judgment that “the burden of proof rests with the party seeking to quiet title in its

                                           7
favor”). Padeshah did not plead a counterclaim for quiet title, but in the district

court it did request summary judgment in its favor, arguing that it held “title to the

property free and clear.” Further, it was Nationstar that initiated this suit, sought

declaratory relief and quiet title, and named Padeshah as a party. Under these

circumstances, the weight of authority leads us to conclude that the district court

did not err by quieting title in favor of Padeshah. See, e.g., 74 C.J.S. Quieting Title

§ 2 (Feb. 2023) (collecting cases and stating that the purpose of a quiet title action

is to “finally settle and determine, as among the parties, all conflicting claims to

the property in the controversy, . . . clear up all doubts or disputes concerning land

. . . and decree to each party the interest or estate to which the party may be

entitled” (emphasis added)); 65 Am. Jur. 2d Quieting Title § 1 (Feb. 2023) (“The

purpose of a quiet title action is to finally settle and determine, as between the

parties, all conflicting claims to the property in the controversy, and to decree to

each party such interest or estate therein as he or she may be entitled to . . . .”); id.

§ 55 (“[I]f the defendant, by an appropriate pleading, asserts title to the property in

question and asks to have title quieted in him or her as against the plaintiff, the

court may render a decree granting such relief if the defendant has title and

peaceable possession. In fact, the trial court may determine that, as between the

parties to such an action, the defendant is the owner of the property even if the

defendant makes no counterclaim.”).

                                            8
      AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part, and REMANDED. The

parties shall each bear their own costs on appeal.

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