Court Opinion

ID: 2822953
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-07-30 21:43:23.320252+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:13:23.874152
License: Public Domain

In the Matter of                                )
SCOTT ZINEVICH,                                 )
                                                )
             Claimant/Respondent,               )
                                                )
      vs.                                       )      No. SD33562
                                                )      Filed: June 15, 2015
DIGITAL MONITORING PRODUCTS, INC.,              )
                                                )
             Employer/Appellant,                )
                                                )
and MISSOURI DIVISION                           )
OF EMPLOYMENT SECURITY,                         )
                                                )
             Respondent.                        )

     APPEAL FROM THE LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COMMISSION

AFFIRMED

      Digital Monitoring Products, Inc. (“Employer”), appeals the decision of the Labor and

Industrial Relations Commission (“Commission”) finding Scott Zinevich (“Zinevich”) was not

disqualified for benefits by reason of misconduct connected with work.        We affirm the

Commission’s decision.
                                     Facts and Procedural History

        Zinevich worked for Employer as the regional training manager/vertical training manager

from October 2006 until he was terminated on January 13, 2014, for failure to follow managerial

directives, including failing to attend a webinar on January 10, 2014. 1 As regional training

manager/vertical training manager, Zinevich traveled throughout the United States and Canada

providing training to alarm companies on how to install and program Employer’s products.

        Zinevich was instructed by Employer to attend a training webinar occurring on January

10, 2014, but failed to do so. Zinevich testified he did not intentionally miss the webinar, but

failed to attend because he never received the login or password information. 2 On the day of the

meeting, Zinevich realized he had not received the email containing the required login and

password for the webinar. He contacted two co-workers, the regional training manager, and the

training coordinator and personal assistant to David Peebles (“Peebles”), Vice President of

Training and Development. However, the co-workers indicated they could not give Zinevich the

login information as Tim Nissen (“Nissen”), Director of Field Technical Training and Zinevich’s

supervisor, was the only person with that information. Zinevich did not then contact Nissen

because by that time, the webinar had already begun.

        At the time the webinar began, Nissen was aware that Zinevich was not logged in, was

told by the regional manager that Zinevich had called him “stressed” trying to get the login

1
  Other issues relating to Zinevich’s termination were put in evidence and discussed in the Commission’s findings.
However, Employer’s argument section exclusively relies on Zinevich’s failure to attend the webinar and his refusal
to discuss his nonattendance with his supervisor afterwards as the “misconduct” the Commission erred in failing to
find. Therefore, Zinevich’s failure to attend the webinar is where our focus is concentrated.
2
  Employer alleges in its brief that “Zinevich admitted he chose not to attend the [webinar.]” (Emphasis added).
However, Employer directs us to no evidence in the record in support of this allegation. We will not search the
record to discover facts to substantiate an appellant’s argument on appeal. See Cohen v. Cohen, 73 S.W.3d 39, 58
(Mo.App. W.D. 2002). Even if there were such uncontested evidence in the record, the findings of the Commission
do not address this alleged admission by Zinevich, and Employer’s section 288.210(3) challenge (“That the facts
found by the commission do not support the award;”) would not be aided by such evidence.

                                                        2
information, but Nissen took no steps to get Zinevich the login information so he could

participate in the webinar. 3

           On January 13, 2014, Peebles, on behalf of Employer, terminated Zinevich. As a basis

for termination, Peebles cited Zinevich’s failure to attend the webinar, and other work-related

issues not relevant to this appeal.

           On January 15, 2014, Zinevich filed a claim for unemployment benefits. Employer filed

a formal protest stating Zinevich’s termination was work-related misconduct arising out of

Zinevich’s failure to participate in a webinar on June 10, 2014, which was “[t]he final incident”

causing the discharge, after he had received numerous warnings, and knew his job was in

jeopardy.

           On February 4, 2014, a Deputy’s Determination found that Zinevich was discharged by

the Employer for misconduct connected with work in that Zinevich failed to participate in a

webinar that Zinevich had been notified was mandatory. Zinevich appealed and a hearing was

held by the Appeals Tribunal on April 15, 2014, and continued to May 27, 2014.

           On June 3, 2014, the Appeals Tribunal rendered its decision finding that Zinevich was

not terminated for misconduct connected with work and reversed the Deputy’s Determination.

The Appeals Tribunal specifically found credible Zinevich’s testimony that he did not attend the

webinar because he did not receive the password and login information required to participate.

The Appeals Tribunal concluded that while Zinevich may have shown poor judgment in

contacting two fellow employees instead of a supervisor or manger to obtain the webinar

password, he did not willfully violate Employer’s standards by failing to attend the webinar.

3
    The login information was not found in Zinevich’s company email inbox.

                                                         3
        Employer appealed to the Labor and Industrial Relations Commission (“Commission”).

On September 10, 2014, the Commission affirmed the decision of the Appeals Tribunal finding

that the decision was fully supported by competent and substantial evidence.                       This appeal

followed.

        In its sole point relied on, Employer contends the Commission erred in adopting the

Appeal Tribunal’s decision because the findings of the Appeals Tribunal show that Zinevich was

terminated for misconduct connected with work in disregarding the standards of behavior that

Employer had the right to expect of Zinevich by failing to comply with directives of Employer—

the terminal failure being Zinevich’s refusal to attend the webinar.

        Zinevich did not file a brief. 4           However, the Division filed a brief arguing the

Commission’s decision should be affirmed because there was sufficient, competent and

substantial evidence in the record to support the conclusion Zinevich did not commit misconduct.

        The issue for our determination is whether the Commission’s findings support its

conclusion that Employer did not discharge Zinevich for misconduct related to work.

                                           Standard of Review

        “Article V, section 18 of the Missouri Constitution provides for judicial review of the

commission’s decisions to determine whether they are supported by competent and substantial

evidence upon the whole record.” Fendler v. Hudson Services, 370 S.W.3d 585, 588 (Mo. banc

2012) (internal quotation and citation omitted).                 “The appellate court’s review of the

4
  While there is no penalty to Zinevich for not filing a brief, this Court is then forced to adjudicate Employer’s
claims of error without the benefit of whatever arguments Zinevich might have raised. McClain v. Kelley, 247
S.W.3d 19, 23 n.4 (Mo.App. S.D. 2008).

                                                        4
Commission’s decision[5] in an unemployment compensation case is governed by section

288.210[.]” Harris v. Division of Employment Sec., 350 S.W.3d 35, 38 (Mo.App. W.D. 2011).

Section 288.210 6 provides:

           The findings of the commission as to the facts, if supported by competent and
           substantial evidence and in the absence of fraud, shall be conclusive, and the
           jurisdiction of the appellate court shall be confined to questions of law. The
           court, on appeal, may modify, reverse, remand for rehearing, or set aside the
           decision of the commission on the following grounds and no other:

           (1) That the commission acted without or in excess of its powers;

           (2) That the decision was procured by fraud;

           (3) That the facts found by the commission do not support the award; or

           (4) That there was no sufficient competent evidence in the record to warrant the
           making of the award.

§ 288.210.

           We defer to the Commission on matters of witness credibility and the weight given to

testimony. Fendler, 270 S.W.3d at 588. While we defer to the Commission’s findings of fact,

so long as they are supported by substantial and competent evidence, we do not defer to the

Commission’s conclusions of law or application of law to the facts. Frisella v. Deuster Elec.,

Inc., 269 S.W.3d 895, 898 (Mo.App. E.D. 2008). “If evidence before an administrative body

would warrant either of two opposed findings, the reviewing court is bound by the administrative

determination and it is irrelevant that there is supportive evidence for the contrary finding.”

Barlynn Enterprises, Inc. v. Foell, 223 S.W.3d 168, 171 (Mo.App. S.D. 2007) (internal

quotation and citation omitted).

5
 When the Commission adopts the decision of the Appeals Tribunal, we consider the Appeals Tribunal’s decision to
be the Commission’s for purposes of our review. Ashford v. Division of Employment Sec., 355 S.W.3d 538, 541
(Mo.App. W.D. 2011).
6
    All references to statutes are to RSMo 2000, unless otherwise indicated.

                                                            5
           “Whether the Commission’s findings support the conclusion that an employee was guilty

of misconduct is a question of law.” Frisella, 269 S.W.3d at 898 (internal quotation and citation

omitted). We review issues of law de novo. Comeaux v. Convergys Customer Mgmt. Group,

Inc., 310 S.W.3d 759, 762 (Mo.App. E.D. 2010).

                                                    Analysis

           Employer claims the Commission erred in adopting the decision of the Appeals Tribunal

because the factual findings do not support the Commission’s conclusion that Zinevich was not

discharged for misconduct connected with work. 7

           Pursuant to section 288.050.2, a claimant is disqualified from unemployment

compensation benefits when claimant is discharged for “misconduct” connected with work. Our

Supreme Court in Seck v. Department of Transp., 434 S.W.3d 74 (Mo. banc 2014), has

identified four distinct categories of “misconduct,” as defined in section 288.030.1(23). 8

           [1] an act of wanton or willful disregard of the employer’s interest,

           [2] a deliberate violation of the employer’s rules,

           [3] a disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to
           expect of his or her employee, or

           [4] negligence in such degree or recurrence as to [a] manifest culpability,
           wrongful intent or evil design, or [b] show an intentional and substantial disregard
           of the employer’s interest or of the employee’s duties and obligations to the
           employer.

Seck, 434 S.W.3d at 82 (quoting section 288.030.1(23)) (alterations in Seck).

7
  Employer’s point relied on appears to challenge under the statutory ground “[t]hat the facts found by the
commission do not support the award[.]” § 288.210(3). However, in addition to this ground, Employer’s argument
also suggests the Commission “exceeded its powers,” a section 288.210(1) claim. This amounts to argument beyond
Employer’s point relied on, a violation of Rule 84.04(e). We will not consider grounds for reversal that do not
appear in appellant’s point relied on. Conrad-Neustadter v. Neustadter, 340 S.W.3d 660, 667 (Mo.App. W.D.
2011).

All rule references are to Missouri Court Rules (2014).
8
    All references to section 288.030 are to RSMo Cum.Supp. (2006).

                                                          6
         Our Supreme Court abrogated the traditional requirement that claimant always be shown

to have acted, or failed to act, willfully to show misconduct under this statute in Fendler, 370
S.W.3d at 589-90, thereafter clarifying this holding in Seck, 434 S.W.3d at 82-84.

         After Seck, the scienter required for misconduct varies for each of the four categories of

misconduct the court identified in section 288.030.1(23). Category one requires a showing that

conduct was “wanton or willful.”                 Category two requires a showing that conduct was

“deliberate.” Category three requires a scienter showing of “disregard.” Category four allows

that even simple negligence can be sufficient for misconduct, but only: “(a) [if] it was the

employee’s motive or purpose to injure the employer’s interests, or (b) that the employee’s

disregard of those interests (or of employee’s duties and obligations) was both intentional and

substantial.” Seck, 434 S.W.3d at 82-83 (internal quotation and citation omitted).

         In attempting to assign error to the Commission’s finding that Zinevich was not

discharged due to misconduct, Employer points to alleged “uncontroverted facts” in the record

demonstrating that Zinevich “chose not to attend the [webinar] . . . [and] refused to speak with

his direct supervisor . . . regarding his failure to attend.” 9 However, Employer’s argument

section does not direct this Court to the portions of the record by which these factual assertions

9
  With respect to Employer’s assertion that Zinevich refused to speak with his direct supervisor, we find no citation
to the record in support of this assertion anywhere in Employer’s brief. This is a clear violation of Rule
84.04(c)&(e). Additionally, Employer’s point challenges under the § 288.210(3) ground “[t]hat the facts found by
the commission do not support the award[.]” We discern no findings by the Commission relating to Zinevich’s
alleged refusal to speak with his supervisor. Likewise, this alleged fact, even if it were substantiated by Employer in
compliance with Rule 84.04, would be of no analytical value in Employer’s section 288.210(3) claim.

                                                          7
can be verified. 10 Nevertheless, Employer argues that this was misconduct connected with work

in that it showed a “disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect

of his or her employee” under section 288.030.2(23). In other words, Employer argues that

Zinevich committed category three misconduct under Seck’s interpretation of section

288.030.1(23).

         As we indicated in Tamko Bldg. Products, Inc. v. Pickard, 443 S.W.3d 68 (Mo.App.

S.D. 2014), category three misconduct is restricted to the “basic standards of behavior that apply

universally in the workplace and generally not included in the employer’s express rules.” Id. at

75 (quoting Seck, 434 S.W.3d at 83) (emphasis in original).                        In Tamko, where employer

maintained that employee had “violated express . . . rules and policies . . . of which he had been

given notice[,]” we held that the third category did not apply. Tamko, 443 S.W.3d at 75

(emphasis added).

         Here, Employer’s brief indicates that attendance at the webinar was an express

requirement of Employer of which Zinevich had been given notice: “[Employer] required

[Zinevich] to attend a mandatory webinar meeting of all regional training managers on January

10. To this end, [Zinevich] received both an electronic invitation and calendar reminder of the

required meeting.” Attendance at the webinar was an express requirement of Employer of which

Zinevich had notice—likewise, under Seck and Tamko, Zinevich’s failure to comply would not,

under these facts, constitute misconduct under category three.

10
  Rule 84.04(e) provides that “[a]ll factual assertions in the argument shall have specific page references to . . . the
legal file[] [or] transcript[.]”

         Compliance with the portion of the appellate briefing rule governing references to the record is
         mandatory and essential for the effective functioning of appellate courts, which cannot spend time
         searching the record to determine if factual assertions are supported by the record; reviewing
         authority may not become an advocate for the non-complying party on appeal.

Underwood v. High Road Industries, LLC, 369 S.W.3d 59, 67 n.4 (Mo.App. S.D. 2012) (internal quotation and
citation omitted).

                                                           8
       Furthermore, the Commission found credible Zinevich’s testimony that he did not attend

the webinar because he did not receive a password, that he contacted two other employees for the

password, and that he did not contact a manager because by the time the other employees told

him they could not help, the webinar had already begun. The Commission found Zinevich’s

failure to attend was mere “poor judgment.” Deferring to the findings of the Commission, as we

must under our standard of review, Fendler, 270 S.W.3d at 588, we cannot find that the facts in

the record before us rise to the level of “disregard” required under category three of section

288.030.1(23).

       Employer argues that Lightwine v. Republic R-III School Dist., 339 S.W.3d 585

(Mo.App. S.D. 2011), should prescribe the outcome here. In Lightwine, the Appeals Tribunal

and Commission found that claimant was disqualified from unemployment benefits because she

was discharged due to misconduct connected with work. Id. at 589. On appeal, deferring to the

Commission’s determinations regarding weight of the evidence and credibility of the witnesses

below, this Court found that there was substantial and competent evidence to support the

Commission’s decision that there was misconduct because the record showed that “Employer

discharged Claimant for willfully disregarding Employer’s reasonable directives and the

standards of behavior Employer had the right to expect from Claimant . . . .” Id. at 591.

       First, Lightwine was issued before our Supreme Court explained the scienter requirement

of section 288.030.1(23) in Fendler and Seck, rendering Lightwine of no analytical value to

Employer’s argument. Second, in contrast to the procedural posture of Lightwine, our task here,

deferring to the Commission’s determinations regarding weight of the evidence and credibility of

witnesses in this case, is to determine whether the Commission’s finding that there was not

misconduct was error because the facts found by the Commission do not support the award.

                                                9
       Employer fails to show that the facts found by the Commission do not support the award

in that the findings do not show that Zinevich was terminated due to misconduct connected with

work as a matter of law. Rather, the Commission’s findings show that Zinevich did not commit

a category three violation of section 288.030.1(23) in that the findings of the Commission did not

show that Zinevich was discharged due to a “disregard” of the basic standards of behavior that

apply universally in the workplace. See Tamko, 443 S.W.3d at 75.

       Point denied. The decision of the Commission is affirmed.

WILLIAM W. FRANCIS, JR., C.J./P.J. - OPINION AUTHOR

NANCY STEFFEN RAHMEYER, J. - Concurs

DON E. BURRELL, JR., J. - Concurs

                                               10