Court Opinion

ID: 4225227
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-12-01 15:19:48.484643+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:42:30.144382
License: Public Domain

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS                                   FILED
                                                                                  December 1, 2017
                                                                                   EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                                   SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
In re: C.W., R.W., N.W., and H.W.
                                                                                       OF WEST VIRGINIA

No. 17-0710 (Randolph County 2016-JA-076, 2016-JA-077, 2016-JA-078, & 2016-JA-081)

                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Father R.W., by counsel Melissa T. Roman, appeals the Circuit Court of
Randolph County’s July 18, 2017, order terminating his parental rights to C.W., R.W., N.W., and
H.W.1 The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel
Lee Niezgoda, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem
(“guardian”), G. Phillip Davis, filed a response on behalf of the children in support of the circuit
court’s order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for a
post-adjudicatory improvement period and denying him post-termination visitation with the
children.2

       1
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
       2
        In his brief on appeal, petitioner’s first assignment of error is set forth as follows: “The
Circuit Court Erred By Denying Petitioner’s Motion For Post Adjudicatory Improvement Period
And Terminating His Parental Rights, Erroneously Finding That The Issues Of Abuse And
Neglect Were Not Correctable And Despite The Fact That R.W. Had Taken Steps On His Own
To Correct These Deficiencies.” However, in the section of the brief setting forth petitioner’s
argument in support of this assignment of error, he raises no argument that the circuit court erred
in terminating his parental rights. Rule 10(c)(7) of the West Virginia Rules of Appellate
Procedure requires that

       [t]he brief must contain an argument exhibiting clearly the points of fact and law
       presented, the standard of review applicable, and citing the authorities relied on . .
       . [and] must contain appropriate and specific citations to the record on appeal[.]
       The Court may disregard errors that are not adequately supported by specific
       references to the record on appeal.

Additionally, in an Administrative Order entered December 10, 2012, Re: Filings That Do Not
Comply With the Rules of Appellate Procedure, then-Chief Justice Menis E. Ketchum
specifically noted in paragraph two that “[b]riefs that lack citation of authority [or] fail to

                                                                                    (continued . . . )
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        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        In August of 2016, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against the parents that
alleged they were homeless after losing their rented residence due to failure to pay rent and
damage to the home. According to the petition, due to the parents’ homelessness, they sometimes
left the children with unsafe individuals they barely knew. The petition also alleged that the
parents’ drug abuse affected their ability to provide the children with a stable home, food,
clothing, and other necessities.

        In November of 2016, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing during which it
found that the DHHR failed to meet its burden in establishing the parents’ abuse by way of
substance abuse. However, the circuit court found sufficient evidence upon which to adjudicate
the parents for failing to provide the children with appropriate shelter, food, and clothing.

        In February of 2017, the DHHR filed an amended petition following one child’s
disclosure that she witnessed the parents abuse drugs, including smoking marijuana and snorting
pills. The amended petition also included an allegation that the parents evaded court-ordered
drug screens. In April of 2017, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing on the amended
petition and found that the evidence established that the parents’ substance abuse impaired their
parenting abilities. Thereafter, the parents moved for post-adjudicatory improvement periods.

        In June of 2017, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing, during which it heard
evidence that petitioner evaded drug screens, tested positive for methamphetamine and marijuana
when he did screen, and was dishonest with service providers. Additionally, two service
providers testified that neither parent admitted to any parenting deficiencies or substance abuse
issues. Moreover, a Child Protective Services (“CPS”) worker testified to the parents’
involvement in a 2009 abuse and neglect proceeding and services rendered over several years
during CPS intervention subsequent to multiple investigations. According to this worker, the

structure an argument applying applicable law” are not in compliance with this Court’s rules.
Further, “[b]riefs with arguments that do not contain a citation to legal authority to support the
argument presented and do not ‘contain appropriate and specific citations to the record on appeal
. . .’ as required by rule 10(c)(7)” are not in compliance with this Court’s rules. Here, petitioner’s
brief in regard to his assignment of error is inadequate, insomuch as it relates to the allegation
that termination was in error, as it fails to comply with West Virginia Rule of Appellate
Procedure 10(c)(7) and our December 10, 2012, administrative order. Accordingly, the Court
will address only the allegation that the circuit court erred in denying petitioner’s motion for a
post-adjudicatory improvement period.

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parents were adjudicated upon issues of substance abuse in the 2009 proceedings, which
included their inability to properly provide suitable housing for the children. Finally, a service
provider and foster parents testified to the children’s concerning behaviors following visits with
the parents. Ultimately, the circuit court found that the parents’ failure to acknowledge the
conditions of abuse and neglect and their inability to correct them, despite years of services,
established that they were not entitled to improvement periods. The circuit court also found that
there was no reasonable likelihood the parents could substantially correct the conditions of abuse
and neglect and that termination of their parental rights was in the children’s best interest.
Accordingly, the circuit court terminated petitioner’s parental rights to the children and denied
him post-termination visitation.3 It is from the dispositional order that petitioner appeals.

       The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

               “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
       such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
       reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
       although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
       evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
       committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
       because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
       the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
       viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
       470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, the Court finds
no error in the proceedings below.

       According to petitioner, the circuit court erred in denying his request for a post­
adjudicatory improvement period because the testimony established he would successfully
complete the same. Specifically, petitioner cites to testimony from multiple witnesses that
showed he had a strong bond with the children and that he could correct the conditions of abuse
and neglect in the home. Further, petitioner testified that, at the time of the dispositional hearing,
he was employed, took steps to apply for housing assistance, and took responsibility for his
substance abuse and parenting deficiencies. The Court, however, does not find these arguments
persuasive.

       3
         The parents’ parental rights to the children were terminated below. According to the
DHHR, C.W., R.W., and N.W. are placed in foster care with a permanency plan of adoption by
their foster parents, while H.W. has been placed in the care of his non-abusing mother.

                                                  3

        Contrary to petitioner’s assertions, the circuit court specifically found that “[t]he
testimony provided is that the parents have been, at best, inconsistent in visitation.” This
included a lack of visitation from August of 2016 until December of 2016, at which point
continued problems arose when visitation did occur, including issues with the parents’ inability
to follow the rules set for visits. Moreover, the circuit court specifically found that “[t]here has
been no acknowledgement of any problem by the [parents] in this case.” While the circuit court
did note that petitioner, “for the first time, . . . testified today that he has a substance abuse
problem,” it went on to find that petitioner had not “made any efforts to seek out substance abuse
treatment during the pendency of this action.” Further, the circuit court found that petitioner
failed to acknowledge his substance abuse issues even as he repeatedly tested positive for drugs.

         In order to obtain a post-adjudicatory improvement period, West Virginia Code § 49-4­
610(2)(B) requires the parent to “demonstrate[], by clear and convincing evidence, that the
[parent] is likely to fully participate in the improvement period[.]” While it is true that petitioner
testified to his willingness to participate in the terms and conditions of a post-adjudicatory
improvement period, the overwhelming evidence supported the circuit court’s finding that
petitioner failed to satisfy the necessary burden. This is especially true in light of petitioner’s
failure to fully acknowledge the conditions of abuse and neglect in the home. We have held that

       [i]n order to remedy the abuse and/or neglect problem, the problem must first be
       acknowledged. Failure to acknowledge the existence of the problem, i.e., the truth
       of the basic allegation pertaining to the alleged abuse and neglect or the
       perpetrator of said abuse and neglect, results in making the problem untreatable
       and in making an improvement period an exercise in futility at the child’s
       expense.

In re Timber M., 231 W.Va. 44, 55, 743 S.E.2d 352, 363 (2013) (quoting In re: Charity H., 215
W.Va. 208, 217, 599 S.E.2d 631, 640 (2004)).

        In addressing improvement periods, we have held that the decision to grant or deny an
improvement period rests in the sound discretion of the circuit court. See In re: M.M., 236 W.Va.
108, 115, 778 S.E.2d 338, 345 (2015) (holding that “West Virginia law allows the circuit court
discretion in deciding whether to grant a parent an improvement period”); Syl. Pt. 6, in part, In re
Katie S., 198 W.Va. 79, 479 S.E.2d 589 (1996) (holding that “[i]t is within the court’s discretion
to grant an improvement period within the applicable statutory requirements”). We have also
held that a parent’s “entitlement to an improvement period is conditioned upon the ability of the
[parent] to demonstrate ‘by clear and convincing evidence, that the [parent] is likely to fully
participate in the improvement period . . . .’” In re: Charity H., 215 W.Va. 208, 215, 599 S.E.2d
631, 638 (2004). Because the evidence below showed that petitioner failed to comply with the
services offered and failed to fully acknowledge the conditions of abuse and neglect in the home,
we find no abuse of discretion in the circuit court’s denial of petitioner’s motion for a post­
adjudicatory improvement period.

         Finally, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying him post-termination
visitation with the children because the record showed that he has a “loving and caring bond”
with the children. He also alleges that the record does not indicate why supervised visitation

                                                  4

would be detrimental to the children’s best interests. We do not agree. Contrary to petitioner’s
argument on appeal, three different witnesses testified to the detrimental effects of visitation on
several of the children. According to these witnesses, following visits, several children displayed
concerning behaviors, including defecating in their clothing, aggressive behavior, bullying of
other children, and sexualized behaviors. According to the witnesses, these actions occurred very
shortly after multiple visits with the parents. Based upon this evidence, the circuit found that
post-termination visitation was not in the children’s best interests.

       In discussing post-termination visitation, we have held as follows:

                “When parental rights are terminated due to neglect or abuse, the circuit
       court may nevertheless in appropriate cases consider whether continued visitation
       or other contact with the abusing parent is in the best interest of the child. Among
       other things, the circuit court should consider whether a close emotional bond has
       been established between parent and child and the child’s wishes, if he or she is of
       appropriate maturity to make such request. The evidence must indicate that such
       visitation or continued contact would not be detrimental to the child’s well being
       and would be in the child’s best interest.” Syl. Pt. 5, In re Christina L., 194 W.Va.
       446, 460 S.E.2d 692 (1995).

Syl. Pt. 11, In re Daniel D., 211 W.Va. 79, 562 S.E.2d 147 (2002). Based on the evidence set
forth above, it is clear that continued visitation with petitioner would not be in the children’s best
interests. As such, we find that the circuit court’s denial of post-termination visitation was
appropriate.

       For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its
July 18, 2017, order is hereby affirmed.

                                                                                           Affirmed.

ISSUED: December 1, 2017

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker

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