Court Opinion

ID: 4654879
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-01-27 15:09:06.659882+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:58:59.836843
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-0435-19T4

S.I.,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

M.I.,

     Defendant-Appellant.
_______________________

                   Submitted December 9, 2020 – Decided January 27, 2021

                   Before Judges Alvarez and Sumners.

                   On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
                   Chancery Division, Family Part, Morris County,
                   Docket No. FM-14-0735-17.

                   M.I., pro se appellant.

                   S.I., pro se respondent.

PER CURIAM
      This appeal requires us to determine whether the Family Part erred in

granting plaintiff's1 motion to amend the custody and parenting time agreement

("CPTA" or "agreement") regarding custody of their disabled daughter, M.I.

(Mindy).    The fully executed agreement was submitted to the court by

defendant's attorney and incorporated into the June 4, 2019 final judgment of

divorce (FJOD). Judge Noah Franzblau decided that a CPTA provision stating

plaintiff would care for Mindy every other weekend was left in the agreement

by clerical error and should be removed. Thus, plaintiff would have no visitation

with Mindy and defendant would have full-time physical custody of her. We

affirm substantially for the reasons expressed by the judge in his cogent written

decision.

      It is well-recognized that "Family Part judges are frequently called upon

to make difficult and sensitive decisions regarding the safety and well -being of

children." Hand v. Hand, 391 N.J. Super. 102, 111 (App. Div. 2007). Thus, our

review of a judge's determination in custody and parenting-time matters is

limited. We "defer to the [family judge's ] determinations 'when supported by

adequate, substantial, credible evidence.'"      N.J. Div. of Child Prot. &

1
  We use initials and a pseudonym to protect the identity of the parties' child.
R. 1:38-3(d)(17).
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Permanency v. Y.A., 437 N.J. Super. 541, 546 (App. Div. 2014) (citing N.J. Div.

of Youth & Family Servs. v. I.Y.A., 400 N.J. Super. 77, 89 (App. Div. 2008)

(quoting Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 412 (1998))). To determine whether

the parties reached an agreement, this court must consider "whether there was

sufficient credible evidence to support the trial [judge's] finding." N.J. Div. of

Youth & Family Servs. v. M.C. III, 201 N.J. 328, 342 (2010). A plenary hearing

"is required when the submissions show there is a genuine and substantial

factual dispute regarding the welfare of the children, and the trial judge

determines that a plenary hearing is necessary to resolve the factual dispute."

Hand v. Hand, 391 N.J. Super. at 105 (citing Shaw v. Shaw, 138 N.J. Super.

436, 440 (App. Div. 1976)). See also Lepis v Lepis, 83 N.J. 139, 159 (1980)

(holding that "a party must clearly demonstrate the existence of a genuine issue

as to a material fact before a hearing is necessary," and noting that "[w]ithout

such a standard, courts would be obligated to hold hearings on every

modification application"). We owe no special deference for the judge's legal

determinations. Slawinski v. Nicholas, 448 N.J. Super. 25, 32 (App. Div. 2016).

      There is no merit in defendant's argument that Judge Franzblau erred in

changing the parties' custody arrangement for Mindy that was set forth in the

CPTA incorporated into the FJOD. He argues the CPTA is binding because it

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was signed by the parties and there was no "fraud, duress, other invalidating

factors[]" involved in its submission. Noting the CPTA states the parties have

read it, defendant argues plaintiff has not proven "either mutual mistake or

unilateral mistake induced by the other amounting to fraud[.]"

      Judge Franzblau's decision to amend the CPTA was based upon credible

evidence: emails between the parties' attorneys showing that a redlined version

of the agreement would include no parenting time of the daughter for plaintiff;

defense counsel's submission to the court on May 15, 2019 of a signed and

executed agreement reflecting the changes discussed in the email; and his prior

experience with the parties that gave him insight regarding the plan that

defendant maintain sole physical custody of Mindy. Prior to the parties' entry

into the CPTA, the judge wrote, plaintiff had no parenting time because she

admittedly was unable to care for her daughter.

      The judge dismissed defendant's contentions stating

            . . . he generally just seeks to enforce the language of
            the CPTA attached to the June 4, 2019 FJOD, so as to
            require . . . [p]laintiff take [Mindy] to provide him with
            a respite from [Mindy's] care. Defendant provides no
            explanation and does not deny that the executed
            agreement provided by his attorney to the court on May
            15, 2019 was the final negotiated document. He
            provides no evidence that the CPTA was renegotiated
            between May 15 and May 21, 2019[,] at which time the
            parties' entered into the [memorandum of

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                                        4
            understanding] MOU settling the remaining terms of
            their divorce, which was adopted within the parties'
            June 4, 2019 FJOD. He provides no certification from
            his prior attorney confirming that the May 15, 2019
            CPTA that was submitted to the court was renegotiated
            subsequent thereto.

     The judge reasoned:

            In this case, the final executed CPTA was submitted to
            the court by [d]efendant’s own counsel on May 15,
            2019, which version contains no parenting time for
            [p]laintiff. There is material and uncontroverted
            evidence that the parties exchanged redline drafts of the
            CPTA a few days before signing the May 15, 2019
            document that removed [p]laintiff’s parenting time.
            Defendant provides not a scintilla of evidence to
            demonstrate that the parties renegotiated the CPTA
            between May 15 and May 21, 2019 when the parties
            entered into the MOU that settled the remainder of the
            divorce or prior to June 4, 2019[,] when the parties
            finalized their divorce and submitted the original CPTA
            to the court. The court therefore declines to hold a
            plenary hearing, as there is no material issue of fact
            presented as to what the parties intended or that the
            submission of the CPTA version on May 15 was the
            correct version and the June 4 version was an incorrect
            (prior) version. The FJOD is hereby amended to
            include the executed version of the CPTA that was
            provided to the court by [d]efendant’s counsel on May
            15, 2019.

     The question before us is not one of contract interpretation, as defendant

contends.   Rather, we must determine which of the two different CPTAs

submitted to the judge should be enforced. Nonetheless, while defendant is

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correct that there needs to be a mutual mistake for contract rescission, the motion

proofs suggest that there was. The parties negotiated and signed a CPTA, stating

plaintiff had no custody arrangements with Mindy, which defense counsel

presented as the purported final version to the judge on May 15, 2019. Another

CPTA signed by the parties, stating plaintiff had custody of Mindy every other

weekend, was later submitted by defense counsel to the judge with a proposed

FJOD. With no evidence that defendant repudiated the CPTA his counsel

initially submitted or renegotiated its terms before the submission of a second

CPTA for the May 21, 2019 hearing, we can only conclude the later submission

was a mutual mistake.

      In sum, both parties were given an opportunity at the motion hearing to

present evidence regarding which of the two CPTAs represented the final

agreement.    There was no need for a plenary hearing because defendant

presented no genuine issue of material fact in support of his position. Hand v.

Hand, 391 N.J. Super. at 105. The judge's reasoning in granting plaintiff's

motion was sound. Defendant cannot compel plaintiff to take custody of their

daughter.

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      To the extent that any arguments raised by defendant have not been

explicitly addressed in this opinion, it is because we are satisfied they lack

sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.

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