Court Opinion

ID: 9556117
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-16 06:09:44.106044+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:41:27.892820
License: Public Domain

Affirm and Opinion Filed August 11, 2023

                                       In The
                            Court of Appeals
                     Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                               No. 05-22-00121-CR

                      MARION RAY MOSLEY, Appellant
                                  V.
                      THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

               On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Court
                            Dallas County, Texas
                    Trial Court Cause No. F-1957997-M

                        MEMORANDUM OPINION
                Before Justices Molberg, Pedersen, III, and Miskel
                         Opinion by Justice Pedersen, III
      Following a bench trial, appellant Marion Ray Mosley was found guilty of

intoxication assault and sentenced to two years’ confinement. In this Court Mosley

raises two issues: whether sufficient evidence supported the trial court’s judgment

and whether he was denied the speedy trial guaranteed by the United States

Constitution. The State asks us to correct certain clerical errors in the judgment. As

modified, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                   BACKGROUND

      Appellant was driving at a high rate of speed on Central Expressway in Dallas

early in the morning of September 4, 2019. He lost control of the car as he passed a
slower vehicle. His car first struck the median guardrail on his left and then spun

back across the highway and struck the guardrail on the right side of the highway.

Appellant’s brother-in-law, Charles Elliott, was a passenger in the front seat at the

time of the accident; he was ejected from the car.

        Police and Fire-Rescue arrived at the scene. Elliott was taken by ambulance

to Baylor University Medical Center (Baylor). Appellant was given, and failed, a

series of field sobriety tests. Pursuant to a warrant, his blood was drawn and tested.

His blood alcohol content was determined to be above the legal limit, and he was

arrested.1

        The State indicted appellant on December 12, 2019, charging him with

intoxication assault that caused serious bodily injury to Elliott. The indictment also

alleged that appellant used his vehicle as a deadly weapon.

        Appellant entered a plea of not guilty and proceeded to trial before the court

on November 19, 2021. The trial court found him guilty; this appeal followed.

    1
       Appellant explains in his briefing that at the time of the accident, he was “free on parole for the
Aggravated Sexual Assault convict[ion] dated June 4, 1992 in State v. Mosley, No. F92-02199 (283rd Dist.
Ct. Dallas Co.), for which he received life in prison.” His arrest for intoxication assault was a violation of
his parole that required his continued incarceration.
                                                    –2–
                                     DISCUSSION

      Appellant contends that insufficient evidence supported the court’s guilty

verdict and that he was denied a speedy trial.

                            Sufficiency of the Evidence

      A person commits intoxication assault if, by accident or mistake, while

operating a motor vehicle in a public place, while intoxicated, and by reason of

that intoxication, he causes serious bodily injury to another person. TEX. PENAL

CODE ANN. § 49.07(a)(1). In his first issue, appellant argues that insufficient

evidence supports the trial court’s verdict. He concedes that the record contains

evidentiary support for the court’s implicit findings that his vehicle was involved in

a crash, that he was driving the vehicle, that he was intoxicated at the time, and that

Elliott was a passenger in the vehicle. But appellant argues there was insufficient

evidence that Elliott’s injuries were in fact serious bodily injuries and that Elliott’s

injuries were caused by the crash.

                                 Standard of Review

      We review appellant’s challenge by examining the evidence in the light most

favorable to the verdict to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have

found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v.

Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979). We do not evaluate the weight of the evidence.

Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). Nor do we replace

the factfinder’s judgment with our own. Id. Instead, we defer to the factfinder to

                                          –3–
resolve conflicts in testimony and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to

ultimate facts. Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).

                                Serious Bodily Injuries

       The Penal Code defines “serious bodily injury” in this context to mean “injury

that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes serious permanent disfigurement

or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.”

PENAL § 49.07(b). Appellant complains that “[n]o one with personal knowledge of

the nature of the trauma or mechanism of the injury testified that the injury was [a

serious bodily injury].” However, the State offered extensive medical records from

Baylor that identified the nature of Elliott’s injuries and the treatment necessary to

address them.

       Elliott was examined on arrival at Baylor by a trauma surgeon who determined

that Elliott had injured both his left hand and left hip. He suffered a tear in his wrist’s

scapholunar ligament, which caused pain and required splinting to keep wrist bones

in place. He also suffered a “traumatic left acetabular fracture,” i.e., a fracture in the

socket portion of his hip joint. His femur was dislocated and had to be placed back

into the socket in the emergency room. Doctors advised that Elliott would require a

total hip replacement once he had healed sufficiently.

       Elliott remained in the hospital for six days. Along with the medical treatment

he received for his injuries, he was seen by occupational and physical therapists.

Their records indicate that Elliott was significantly impaired in his mobility and his

                                           –4–
daily life activities.2 Throughout his time at Baylor, Elliott reported pain in both his

hand and his hip; he consistently assessed his pain at “8” or higher on a scale of 1 to

10.

          Elliott was discharged to a skilled nursing facility. Therapists recommended

he receive two hours of skilled therapy per day at the nursing facility “to maximize

functional mobility and independence in efforts to return patient to [his] prior level

of function and living situation.” Among his medicines at discharge was Tramadol

for pain.

          We conclude that Elliott’s medical records provided ample direct evidence

that he suffered a significant hand injury. Those records also evidence a significant

injury and protracted impairment of the function of his hip. See PENAL § 49.07(b).

Accordingly, a rational factfinder could have concluded beyond a reasonable doubt

that Elliott suffered serious bodily injuries within the meaning of the intoxication

assault statute. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319.

                              Injuries Caused by the Accident

          Appellant also argues that the evidence was insufficient to prove that Elliott’s

injuries were caused by the accident on September 4, 2019. Elliott did not testify at

trial; the trial court had to rely on circumstantial evidence that the serious hip and

      2
     Among Elliott’s limitations were “balance; endurance/activity tolerance; pain; range of motion
(ROM); [and] strength.”

                                               –5–
hand injuries he suffered were in fact caused by the accident. “Circumstantial

evidence is as probative as direct evidence in establishing the guilt of an actor, and

circumstantial evidence alone can be sufficient to establish guilt.” Hooper, 214

S.W.3d at 13.

      We have reviewed the record for evidence of Elliott’s condition before the

accident. Elliott “came by” appellant’s home, asking for a ride at approximately

11:00 p.m. the night before the accident. We do not know how Elliott arrived there,

although his medical records indicate that he later repeatedly expressed concern over

the location of his car. His records indicate that he resided alone in a “residential

facility.” Whether he walked to appellant’s home, or just walked from his car to

appellant’s, he was mobile to some extent. He was willing and able to ride in

appellant’s car. And together, the men spent some two hours visiting at an apartment

in Dallas. In addition, appellant testified that, just before the accident, he got on the

freeway, intending “to get off on Pine where I live.” The men were headed home,

not to get medical help for an injury that had already happened.

      As to Elliott’s condition immediately after the accident, it is undisputed that

he was ejected from the car and was taken from the scene by ambulance. Dallas Fire-

Rescue paramedics arrived at the scene moments after 1:00 a.m. and transported

Elliott to Baylor. Their Incident Report, admitted among Elliott’s medical records,

stated that Elliott was involved in a single-vehicle accident. The paramedics’

                                          –6–
primary impression was “Trauma: Dislocation Hip,” and Elliott’s primary symptom

was “Pain/Injury-Pelvis.”

      At Baylor, Elliott was admitted to the hospital’s trauma center. His medical

records describe his fractured and dislocated hip and his injured hand. He

complained of pain at his initial examination and throughout the six days he spent at

Baylor. Records from his occupational and physical therapists indicate that his

mobility and ability to care for himself were severely hampered. Shortly after the

accident, Senior Corporal Ricardo Rodriguez attempted to interview Elliott at

Baylor. He testified that Elliott was “in a lot of pain” and “he was not able to really

speak to me.”

      A reasonable factfinder could have inferred from this evidence that Elliott was

not severely injured before the accident and that he was severely injured immediately

after the accident. We conclude that a factfinder could have found beyond a

reasonable doubt that Elliott’s dislocated and fractured hip and injured hand were

caused by the accident that formed the basis of appellant’s charged offense. See

Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319.

                                         ***

      We conclude that sufficient evidence supported the trial court’s judgment. We

overrule appellant’s first issue.

                                         –7–
                                    Speedy Trial

      The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the accused in a

criminal prosecution the right to a speedy trial. See U.S. CONST. amend. VI. This

right attaches once a person is either arrested or charged. Cantu v. State, 253 S.W.3d

273, 281 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008). Courts determine a speedy trial claim on an ad

hoc basis by analyzing and weighing four factors: (1) the length of the delay, (2) the

State’s reason for the delay, (3) the defendant’s assertion of his right to a speedy

trial, and (4) prejudice to the defendant because of the length of delay. Barker v.

Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 530 (1972); Cantu, 253 S.W.3d at 280. The State has the

burden to justify the length of the delay, while the defendant has the burden to prove

that he asserted his right and has been prejudiced by the State’s delay. Cantu, 253

S.W.3d at 280.

                                 Standard of Review

      We apply a bifurcated standard of review in a speedy trial analysis: we

employ an abuse of discretion standard for the factual components and a de novo

standard for the legal components. State v. Lopez, 631 S.W.3d 107, 113–14 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2021). Thus, we give almost total deference to the trial court’s historical

findings of fact that are supported by the record. Gonzales v. State, 435 S.W.3d 801,

808 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014). Initial triggering of the speedy trial issue, as well as the

balancing test of the Barker factors, are purely legal questions that we review de

novo. Id.

                                          –8–
                    Presumptive Prejudice and Length of Delay

      To trigger a speedy trial analysis, the defendant must make an initial showing

that “the interval between accusation and trial has crossed the threshold dividing

ordinary from ‘presumptively prejudicial’ delay.” Id. (quoting Doggett v. United

States, 505 U.S. 647, 651–52 (1992)); see also Barker, 407 U.S. at 530–32 (holding

that length of delay is “triggering mechanism” for analysis of other factors). There

is no set or defined period of time that has been held to be a per se violation of a

defendant’s right to a speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment. Barker, 407 U.S. at

529–30; Cantu, 253 S.W.3d at 281. Texas courts have generally considered delay

approaching one year to be “unreasonable enough to trigger the Barker enquiry.”

See Balderas v. State, 517 S.W.3d 756, 768 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016). But this Court

has repeated that we must determine whether a Barker analysis is triggered on a

case-by-case basis, without imposing rigid time limitations. Munoz v. State, No. 05-

20-00192-CR, 2021 WL 2253245, at *6 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 3, 2021, pet. ref’d)

(mem. op., not designated for publication) (citing State v. Page, No. 05-18-01391-

CR, 2020 WL 1899453, at *5 (Tex. App.—Dallas April 17, 2020, no pet.) (mem.

op., not designated for publication)).

      Mosley was arrested and taken into custody on September 4, 2019; his right

to a speedy trial attached on that date. See Cantu, 253 S.W.3d at 280 (right attaches

once a person becomes an “accused” by being arrested or charged). His trial began

November 19, 2021, approximately two years and two months later. However, we

                                         –9–
have held that—when addressing length of delay—time covered by “agreed resets”

is not included in the calculation. Page, 2020 WL 1899453, at *6; see also Robinson

v. State, 707 S.W.2d 47 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). At the threshold, therefore, we

emphasize that the record contains twenty-eight pass slips signed by counsel for

appellant between his arrest and the beginning of trial.3 Accordingly, to determine

the relevant time of “delay” for purposes of speedy trial calculation, we break down

the twenty-six-month time period by subtracting out agreed-reset periods. “To

consider the length of delay, we must first calculate the delay.” Gonzales v. State,

435 S.W.3d 801, 809 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014).

     September 4, 2019 – December 26, 2019 (3 months, 3 weeks, 1 day delay)

        During this time appellant was arrested, arraigned, and had counsel appointed.
        He was indicted on December 12, 2019. On that date his case was first set for
        trial on December 31, 2019.

     December 26, 2019 – March 27, 2020 (0 days delay)

        During this time a series of agreed resets were in place. According to the final
        reset in this time period, trial was set for June 22, 2020.

     March 27, 2020 – June 4, 2020 (2 months, 1 week, 1 day delay)

    3
       Appellant is bound by the pass slips that his attorney signed on his behalf. Orellana v. State, 706
S.W.2d 660, 661 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). Even after appellant took over his own representation, the trial
court made clear that his appointed lawyer—as co-counsel—remained authorized to act on appellant’s
behalf.

                                                 –10–
        Appellant filed his pro se Motion for Speedy Trial on March 27, 2020.4 He
        did not request a hearing on the motion. At a June 4 hearing, appellant and his
        attorney signed a waiver of jury trial. The court’s docket sheet indicates the
        judge considered a request for reduction of bail and a request by appellant to
        represent himself. The parties agreed to reset pretrial to August 20 and trial to
        September 8—three months later—although appellant has his attorney
        handwrite on the pass slip, “Mr. Mosley demands immediate trial without
        delay.”

     June 4, 2020 – April 22, 2021 (0 days delay)

        A series of agreed resets suspended trial throughout this period of more than
        ten months. During this time, appellant appeared before the trial court at a
        series of recorded hearings. At no time did he address a desire for a speedy
        trial.

             o September 3, 2020. At this pretrial hearing, the trial court granted
               appellant’s counsel’s pretrial motions and granted appellant’s request
               to represent himself going forward, with his appointed counsel to
               remain as co-counsel. Both parties requested a reset, and the judge
               instructed them to choose their trial date.

             o September 10, 2020. Appellant requested this hearing and successfully
               argued two motions pro se; neither related to delay in getting to trial.

             o November 17, 2020. At this scheduled pretrial hearing, the court
               granted appellant’s motion to have an expert witness review the State’s
               forensic evidence. Appellant expressly agreed to a reset for that
               purpose.

             o April 8, 2021. Appellant requested this hearing to address the court
               and the prosecution. He began:

                        To the Court and to the prosecutor, basically, I am not
                        looking for a day in court. I am looking for justice, Your

    4
        Appellant points to communications before this date that he would like his case to move faster. “A
speedy-trial demand should be, at the very least, unambiguous.” Henson v. State, 407 S.W.3d 764, 769
(Tex. Crim. App. 2013). The March pro se motion was appellant’s first unambiguous demand for a speedy
trial. Accordingly, our calculation of delay restarts on that date, although the filing actually took place
during a period of agreed reset until June 22, 2020. Neither side addressed the speedy trial issue after the
motion was filed, and on June 4, 2020, they agreed to reset trial until September.
                                                  –11–
                         Honor. And [his co-counsel] has worked very hard, you
                         know, to assist me in preparing my case and stuff. But I
                         feel like if we can all just come together, justice is not just
                         a conviction. Justice is where everybody get made equal.

                He requested “probation with an adjudicated or suspended sentence.”
                The State agreed to reduce the charge to a misdemeanor DWI
                conviction with probation, but appellant rejected the offer because that
                conviction would still amount to a parole violation, and he believed he
                would have to remain incarcerated.

            o April 22, 2021. At this pretrial hearing, the State announced “not ready”
              for the first time; it gave no explanation. Appellant requested and was
              released on a personal recognizance bond, and trial was reset until
              August 31, 2021.

     April 22, 2021 – August 31, 2021 (4 months, 1 week, 2 days delay)

        This is a period of delay based solely on the State’s announcement that it was
        not ready for trial.

     August 31, 2021 – November 10, 2021 (0 days delay)

        Another series of agreed resets followed, culminating in an agreed trial setting
        for November 10. In September, appellant filed a motion to dismiss his co-
        counsel and a motion to re-test evidence. On October 6, he filed his Motion to
        Dismiss Prosecution.5 His motions were heard the morning of November 19,
        before trial began.

     November 10, 2021 – November 19, 2021 (1 week, 2 days delay)

        This is an unexplained short delay before trial actually begins.

We have classified these time periods broadly in appellant’s favor, counting as delay

any time not expressly covered by agreed resets. In total, of the approximately

    5
       The motion to dismiss did not use the term “speedy trial” and cited no authority related to that right.
But it clearly sought dismissal based on the State’s failure to bring the case to trial at or after the April
setting.
                                                   –12–
twenty-six months that passed between appellant’s arrest and his trial, between ten

and eleven months could be considered delay; between fifteen and sixteen months

were covered by agreed resets of trial dates.

      We question whether the delay experienced by appellant was presumptively

prejudicial. That period of delay extended less than a year. See Balderas, 517 S.W.3d

at 768. But more importantly, it was significantly shorter than the time that appellant

agreed to put off his trial. The record establishes that for most of the time following

his arrest, appellant was not attempting to proceed quickly to trial. See Munoz, 2021

WL 2253245, at *6; see also Henson, 407 S.W.3d at 769 (defendant who did not file

speedy-trial motion, did not request hearing on delays, and agreed to all resets was

not “someone seeking to preserve and protect his right to a speedy trial.”). The State

encourages us to stop our analysis at this point. In the interests of justice and judicial

efficiency, we will complete the analysis of the Barker factors. However, we assign

neutral weight to this first factor of length of delay.

                                 Reasons for the Delay

      The second Barker factor addresses the reasons for the delay in bringing

appellant to trial. 407 U.S. at 530. As we have stated, appellant was responsible for

extensions of trial settings that accounted for more than half of the time between his

arrest and the beginning of his trial. The delay attributed to the State falls largely

within three time periods. The first period incorporates the time between appellant’s

arrest and the agreed extension of the first trial setting, just under four months. This

                                          –13–
time does not weigh heavily against the State, which is entitled to a reasonable time

to prepare its case. See Shaw v. State, 117 S.W.3d 883, 889–90 (Tex. Crim. App.

2003) (“[T]he three-month interval between appellant’s indictment and first trial

may not be counted against the State, since the State was entitled to a reasonable

period in which to prepare its case.”).

      The second significant time period, just over two months, fell after appellant

initially filed his motion for speedy trial. When he filed his motion, appellant had

been in jail for six months and trial was not set, albeit by agreement, for three more

months. Neither appellant nor his appointed counsel attempted to set the motion for

hearing, but the State also took no action in response to the motion. We conclude

this delay weighs only minimally against the State.

      It is the third period of delay, following the April 2021 announcement that the

State was not ready for trial, which weighs most heavily against it. As we discussed

above, this period was specifically addressed by appellant in his October 2021

Motion to Dismiss Prosecution. The State gave no explanation for its April

announcement when it was made. When the trial court heard the motion to dismiss

the morning of trial, the prosecutor stated:

      Judge, I know one of the resets was due to witness inavailability [sic].
      I know two of the resets were due to Mr. Mosley being in quarantine
      and Mr. Mosley being in the hospital. Those were -- Mr. Mosley was
      not able to be present for his own trial, which could not proceed under
      those dates.

                                          –14–
Appellant did not challenge these representations. The State repeats them on appeal,

arguing they should weigh “only slightly” against it for purposes of the Barker

analysis.

      We have acknowledged that “the unforeseeable initial impact of the Covid-19

pandemic” inevitably affected the operation of our trial courts during the time period

that appellant was awaiting trial, and we have concluded that “[d]elay caused by the

onset of a pandemic cannot be attributed as fault to the State.” State v. Conatser, 645

S.W.3d 925, 930 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2022, no pet.). And while we agree that “even

in a pandemic, the Constitution cannot be put away and forgotten,” Huynh v. State,

No. 05-21-00991-CR, 2022 WL 17261155, at *5 (Tex. App.—Dallas Nov. 29, 2022,

pet. ref’d), when the cited reason for delay is the accused’s own illness or safety, we

cannot attribute fault to either party.

      A missing witness can be a valid reason that justifies appropriate delay.

Barker, 407 U.S. at 531. But the State offered no details concerning what witness

was unavailable and why that witness was necessary to the prosecution. Nor did it

explain what efforts had been made to secure the witness’s presence, whether for the

April setting or any of the subsequent trial settings. When the State fails to give

reasons justifying a reason for delay, we must presume no valid reason for that delay

existed. See Turner v. State, 545 S.W.2d 133, 137-38 (Tex. Crim. App. 1976).

                                          –15–
        Overall, we conclude that the State’s failure to explain its inability to go to

trial in April 2021 was mitigated somewhat by the impact of the pandemic, but it

remains a concern. However, there is no argument that the State deliberately delayed

appellant’s trial for strategic gain. And given appellant’s significant acquiescence to

delay in this case, we conclude that this second Barker factor weighs only slightly

against the State.

                                        Assertion of the Right

        Appellant did unambiguously assert his right to a speedy trial when he filed

his pro se motion in March 2020. After that filing, he intermittently included in his

complaints about his appointed attorney that he (i.e., his attorney) had not moved the

case forward quickly. During the time that appellant was lead counsel on his case he

filed and argued a number of motions, but none related to delays in prosecution until

October 2021, when he filed his Motion to Dismiss Prosecution. This factor weighs

in appellant’s favor.

                                    Prejudice Caused by Delay

        Appellant bore the burden of showing that he was prejudiced by the delay in

this case. Cantu, 253 S.W.3d at 280 (“the defendant has the burden of proving the

assertion of the right and showing prejudice”) (footnotes omitted).6 We assess this

    6
       Appellant quotes Ex parte McKenzie, 491 S.W.2d 122 (Tex. Crim. App. 1973), in a misleading
fashion, stating “The State carries ‘the obligation of proving that the accused suffered no serious prejudice
beyond that which ensued from the ordinary and inevitable delay.’” (Emphasis supplied by appellant). The
case actually states:

                                                   –16–
prejudice considering the interests that the speedy trial right attempts to protect:

preventing oppressive pretrial incarceration, minimizing anxiety and concerns of the

accused, and limiting the possibility that the defense will be impaired. State v.

Munoz, 991 S.W.2d 818, 826 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999).

       We acknowledge at the outset that appellant was incarcerated for a lengthy

period of time before his trial. However, because his parole was revoked on his

earlier offense of aggravated sexual assault, he was unable to be released on bail.

That earlier offense does not diminish appellant’s right to a speedy trial for this

offense, but it does realistically operate to diminish incarceration as a potential

ground of prejudice caused by delay by the State.

       Appellant’s brief otherwise fails to identify any significant prejudice he

suffered in this case because of that delay. His only specific contention concerning

prejudice is: “At minimum, the State’s inactivity imposed additional and entirely

foreseeable—and unnecessary—worry, anxiety, employment and financial

difficulties, and frustration upon Mosley.” We agree that one of the interests in a

speedy trial is minimizing such concerns. But appellant offered no evidence that he

experienced any anxiety or concerns beyond those normally associated with being

       In Courtney v. State, Tex. Crim. App., 472 S.W.2d 151, this Court discussed the four
       factors to be considered in an alleged violation of an accused’s right to a speedy trial. . . . .
       There we adopted the test that if an accused made a prima facie showing of prejudice, the
       State ‘must carry the obligation of proving that the accused suffered no serious prejudice
       beyond that which ensued from the ordinary and inevitable delay.’”

McKenzie, 491 S.W.2d at 123 (Tex. Crim. App. 1973) (our emphasis added). Thus, appellant’s statement
of the standard ignores his initial obligation to make a prima facie showing of prejudice.
                                                    –17–
charged with a crime. See Cantu, 253 S.W.3d at 286 (“[E]evidence of generalized

anxiety, though relevant, is not sufficient proof of prejudice under the Barker test,

especially when it is no greater anxiety or concern beyond the level normally

associated with a criminal charge or investigation.”).

        At the hearing on his motion to dismiss, appellant did state: “And in that time

[that I’ve been in jail] I’ve lost contact with some people that I think—no, I’m sure

that would have something to add on my behalf as my defense.” But he did not

identify any specific witness, what that witness could “add on [his] behalf,” or what

he had done to try to locate that witness. See Harris v. State, 489 S.W.2d 303, 308

(Tex. Crim. App. 1973) (to show prejudice, defendant must show witnesses are

unavailable, their testimony might be material and relevant to his case, and he has

exercised due diligence in attempt to find them and produce them for trial).7

        Rather than identifying any specific ground that purportedly impaired his

defense, appellant relies on general arguments involving delay, contending, for

example, that “excessive delay presumptively compromises the reliability of a trial

in ways neither party can prove or identify.” The Supreme Court made that very

    7
      The trial court approved funds for an investigator for appellant. The record does not indicate any
attempt by appellant to identify witnesses other than ones with knowledge of his blood alcohol tests.
        Appellant never identified Elliott as a witness he wanted but could not bring to trial because of
delay. In his brief to this Court, appellant asserts: “It is not necessary for a defendant to show that the
testimony of a missing witness (such as Elliott) would have been favorable to the defense, but just that it
would have been relevant and material.” However, appellant never attempted to show that Elliott would
provide testimony that was relevant and material to his defense.

                                                  –18–
statement in Doggett. 505 U.S. at 655. But both that Court and our Texas Court of

Criminal Appeals have qualified the principle by explaining that “this ‘presumption

of prejudice’ is ‘extenuated . . . by the defendant’s acquiescence’ in the delay.”

Dragoo v. State, 96 S.W.3d 308, 315 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003) (quoting Doggett, 505

U.S. at 658).

       We conclude that appellant has failed to establish that he was prejudiced by

any delay caused by the State in this proceeding. This factor weighs heavily against

him.

                           Balancing the Barker Factors

       Having assigned weight to the four Barker factors, we must balance their

relative weights in light of the conduct of both parties. Cantu, 253 S.W.3d at 281. It

is true that appellant asserted his right to a speedy trial. But when we examine his

conduct throughout the time he was awaiting trial, we must conclude that he did not

seriously pursue a ruling, or even a hearing, on his assertion. We look especially at

the ten- to eleven-month period of time when he was lead counsel for his case. He

requested and obtained hearings during this time; he filed and argued motions. But

he did not pursue his request for a speedy trial. Indeed, after each period that we

have identified as a period of delay charged to the State, appellant agreed again to

multiple postponements of his trial.

       On one side of our scale, then, are appellant’s 2020 motion and the State’s

failure to give a clear explanation for the four-month delay following its April 2021

                                        –19–
announcement that it was not ready for trial. On the other side, are appellant’s

agreement to more than twenty-five postponements, valid periods of delay for

preparation at the beginning of the case and for appellant’s quarantine and

hospitalization related to the Covid pandemic, and the lack of any specific

identifiable prejudice to appellant on account of the delay. We do not discern

conduct on the part of the State that merits granting a motion that appellant did not

pursue when he was in control of his case. On balance, the Barker factors argue

against finding a violation of appellant’s right to a speedy trial.

      We overrule appellant’s second issue.

                           Modification of the Judgment

      The State asks us to make certain corrections in the judgment, which recites

the incorrect statute for appellant’s offense, the incorrect plea by appellant, and terms

of a non-existent plea agreement. This Court has the power to modify the judgment

of the court below to make the record speak the truth when we have the necessary

information to do so. TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v. State, 865 S.W.2d 26, 27–28

(Tex. Crim. App. 1993) (en banc). Therefore, we modify the judgment in this case

to recite the following:

    Under “Statute for Offense” — Texas Penal Code § 49.07;

    Under “Plea to Offense” — Not guilty; and

    Under “Terms of Plea Bargain” — N/A.

                                         –20–
                                     CONCLUSION

      As modified, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                          /Bill Pedersen, III/
220121f.u05                               BILL PEDERSEN, III
Do Not Publish                            JUSTICE
TEX. R. APP. P. 47

                                      –21–
                           Court of Appeals
                    Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                 JUDGMENT

MARION RAY MOSLEY,                           On Appeal from the 194th Judicial
Appellant                                    District Court, Dallas County, Texas
                                             Trial Court Cause No. F-1957997-M.
No. 05-22-00121-CR          V.               Opinion delivered by Justice
                                             Pedersen, III. Justices Molberg and
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee                 Miskel participating.

   Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
MODIFIED to show the following:

    Under “Statute for Offense” — Texas Penal Code § 49.07;
    Under “Plea to Offense” — Not guilty; and
    Under “Terms of Plea Bargain” — N/A.

As MODIFIED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.

Judgment entered this 11th day of August, 2023.

                                      –22–