Court Opinion

ID: 4648725
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-01-04 08:18:26.465369+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:01:17.984883
License: Public Domain

NUMBER 13-20-00079-CR

                            COURT OF APPEALS

                  THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                     CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

WAKEEM TYRONE MATHIS JR.,                                                 Appellant,

                                          v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,                                                        Appellee.

                   On appeal from the 361st District Court
                         of Brazos County, Texas.

                         MEMORANDUM OPINION

  Before Chief Justice Contreras and Justices Hinojosa and Perkes
         Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Contreras

      Appellant Wakeem Tyrone Mathis Jr. appeals his conviction for aggravated assault

with a deadly weapon, a second-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 22.01,

22.02. By two issues, Mathis argues that (1) the judgment should be reformed to reflect
his plea of not true as to the State’s enhancement allegation, and (2) he suffered

egregious harm from an error in the jury charge at punishment. We affirm as modified.

                                           I.   BACKGROUND 1

        In 2018, Mathis was indicted for the underlying offense after allegedly attacking

Justin Hayes with a knife. Mathis pleaded not guilty, proceeded to trial, and was found

guilty by a jury.

        At the punishment phase, Mathis pleaded not true to the State’s enhancement

allegation that he was previously convicted of possession of a controlled substance, a

felony. See TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 481.115. The State introduced the

judgment of conviction for that offense, along with other evidence relevant to punishment.

The trial court then provided the jury with instructions on punishment without any objection

from either party. The jury found the enhancement allegation to be true, 2 sentenced

Mathis to seventy years’ incarceration in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice

Institutional Division, and assessed a $10,000 fine. This appeal followed.

                                          II.    JURY CHARGE

        By his second issue, which we address first, Mathis argues there was an error in

the jury charge at punishment, and that this error caused him egregious harm.

A.      Standard of Review

        Our first duty in analyzing an alleged jury-charge error is to determine whether

error exists. Ngo v. State, 175 S.W.3d 738, 743 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). If we find error,

        1 This case is before this Court on transfer from the Tenth Court of Appeals in Waco pursuant to a

docket-equalization order issued by the Supreme Court of Texas. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001.

         2 Because the jury found the enhancement allegation to be true, Mathis’s punishment range was

increased to that of a first-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 12.42(b)(1); see also id. § 12.32
(providing that a first-degree felony is punishable “for life or any term of not more than 99 years or less than
5 years”).

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then we analyze that error for harm. Id. The degree of harm necessary for reversal

depends on whether the defendant preserved the error by objection. Id. If there is error

and the defendant preserved the alleged error, then we must reverse as long as the error

was not harmless. Reeves v. State, 420 S.W.3d 812, 816 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). When

the defendant fails to object, we will reverse only if the record shows egregious harm. See

Ngo, 175 S.W.3d at 750; Cueva v. State, 339 S.W.3d 839, 848 (Tex. App.—Corpus

Christi–Edinburg 2011, pet. ref’d).

       An egregious harm determination must be based on a finding of actual rather than

theoretical harm. Arrington v. State, 451 S.W.3d 834, 840 (Tex. Crim. App. 2015). Actual

harm is established when the erroneous jury instruction affected the very basis of the

case, deprived the defendant of a valuable right, or vitally affected a defensive theory. Id.

“This is a high and difficult standard which must be borne out by the trial record.” Reeves,
420 S.W.3d at 816. We consider the entire jury charge; the state of the evidence, including

contested issues and the weight of the probative evidence; the parties’ arguments; and

all other information in the record. Warner v. State, 245 S.W.3d 458, 461 (Tex. Crim. App.

2008); Cueva, 339 S.W.3d at 848.

B.     Applicable Law

       In each felony case, the trial court delivers to the jury a written charge setting forth

the law applicable to the case. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 36.14; see id. art. 36.13

(“[T]he jury is the exclusive judge of the facts, but it is bound to receive the law from the

court and be governed thereby.”). The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure sets out three

alternative jury charges concerning a defendant’s eligibility for parole. Id. § 4(a)–(c).

“Depending on the offense on which a defendant has been convicted, whether

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his . . . sentence is to be enhanced, and whether a deadly-weapon finding has been

made . . ., the trial court is to select which one of the three alternatives will be given to

the jury.” Murrieta v. State, 578 S.W.3d 552, 554 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2019, no pet.).

As relevant to this case, a deadly weapon finding prevents good conduct time from

counting towards the portion of a defendant’s sentence that must be served before the

defendant is eligible for parole. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 508.145(d)(1)(B), (d)(2); see

also TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 37.07, § 4(a).

C.     Analysis

       Here, Mathis was charged with a second-degree felony of aggravated assault with

a deadly weapon, and the jury found Mathis guilty of the offense. As a result of the deadly

weapon finding, Mathis is not eligible for release on parole until his time served equals

one-half of his sentence or thirty years, whichever is less, regardless of any time credit

for good conduct. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 37.07, § 4(a); TEX. GOV’T CODE

ANN. § 508.145(d)(2). However, the charge instructed the jury that Mathis “will not

become eligible for parole until the actual time served plus any good conduct time earned

equals one-half of the sentence imposed or thirty (30) years, whichever is less, without

any consideration of good time credit” (emphasis added). The State concedes the

emphasized portion of the preceding sentence was error. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC.

ANN. art. 37.07, § 4(a). Because Mathis did not object to the charge at trial, we review the

error for egregious harm. See Arrington, 451 S.W.3d at 840.

       First, we note that the jury charge at punishment correctly instructed the jury not

to consider the extent to which parole law and good conduct time might be applied to

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Mathis. 3 And absent evidence to the contrary, we presume the jury followed the trial

court’s instructions. See Gamboa v. State, 296 S.W.3d 574, 580 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009);

Thrift v. State, 176 S.W.3d 221, 224 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); see also Murrieta, 578
S.W.3d at 556 (“A curative instruction, in combination with other factors, may cure any

error.”). Mathis does not point to any evidence rebutting this presumption, and we find

none. See Igo v. State, 210 S.W.3d 645, 647 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006); Murrieta, 578
S.W.3d at 556.

       Second, the evidence at punishment was strong. The brutality of the crime was

clear—Mathis nearly killed Hayes, a close friend, after attacking him with a knife, causing

over twenty puncture wounds and lacerations to Hayes’s stomach, back, chest, neck,

face, and arms. The State also introduced prior judgments convicting Mathis of assault

causing bodily injury to a family member, manufacture or delivery of a controlled

substance, possession of a controlled substance, failure to ID, telephone harassment,

criminal trespass of a habitation, harboring a runaway child, and two separate instances

each of evading arrest and theft. There was evidence that Mathis was violent to the

mother of his children, and that Mathis was a gang member who was transferred out of

the housing unit in the jail because he threatened to be violent.

       Finally, neither party mentioned parole or good conduct time in their arguments,

and Mathis’s defensive theory—that he was acting in self-defense because Hayes was

trying to rob him—was not impacted by the error in the charge. Upon review of the record,

       3   Specifically, the charge stated:

       You may consider the existence of parole law and good conduct time. However, you are
       not to consider the extent to which good conduct time may be awarded to or forfeited by
       this particular defendant. You are not to consider the manner in which parole law may be
       applied to this particular defendant.

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we cannot conclude that the erroneous jury instruction here affected the very basis of the

case, deprived Mathis of a valuable right, or vitally affected a defensive theory. See

Arrington, 451 S.W.3d at 840; Igo, 210 S.W.3d at 647.

       We overrule Mathis’s second issue.

                       III.   PLEA TO ENHANCEMENT ALLEGATION

       By his first issue, Mathis argues that the judgment of conviction erroneously states

that he pleaded “true” to the State’s enhancement allegation. The State agrees, and the

reporter’s record shows that Mathis pleaded “not true” to the enhancement allegation.

       Appellate courts have the authority to modify a judgment to make it speak the

truth. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b) (authorizing appellate courts to modify the judgment

and affirm as modified); French v. State, 830 S.W.2d 607, 609 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992).

Accordingly, we modify the judgment to reflect that Mathis pleaded “not true” to the State’s

enhancement allegation. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b).

       We sustain Mathis’s first issue.

                                  IV.     CONCLUSION

       The trial court’s judgment is affirmed as modified.

                                                               DORI CONTRERAS
                                                               Chief Justice

Do not publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).

Delivered and filed the
30th day of December, 2020.

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