Court Opinion

ID: 4396664
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-05-14 20:00:39.445808+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:52:11.160318
License: Public Domain

FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION                            MAY 14 2019
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

U.S. SECURITIES & EXCHANGE             )      No. 13-17304
COMMISSION,                            )
                                       )      D.C. No. 5:12-cv-03237-EJD
      Plaintiff-Appellee,              )
                                       )      MEMORANDUM*
             v.                        )
                                       )
MARK FEATHERS,                         )
                                       )
      Defendant-Appellant.             )
                                       )
U.S. SECURITIES & EXCHANGE             )      Nos. 14-15466
COMMISSION,                            )           14-15894
                                       )           15-16018
             Plaintiff-Appellee,       )           15-17200
                                       )           17-15923
             v.                        )
                                       )      D.C. No. 5:12-cv-03237-EJD
MARK FEATHERS,                         )
                                       )
      Defendant-Appellant,             )
                                       )
                                       )
THOMAS A. SEAMAN,                      )
                                       )
             Receiver-Appellee.        )
                                       )
U.S. SECURITIES & EXCHANGE             )      No.   14-15831

      *
       This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
COMMISSION,                         )
                                    )       D.C. No. 5:12-cv-03237-EJD
          Plaintiff-Appellee,       )
                                    )
          v.                        )
                                    )
NATALIE FEATHERS,                   )
                                    )
    Real-party-in-interest-         )
    Appellant,                      )
                                    )
                                    )
THOMAS A. SEAMAN,                   )
                                    )
          Receiver-Appellee.        )
                                    )

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                    for the Northern District of California
                  Edward J. Davila, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted April 16, 2019
                          San Francisco, California

MARK FEATHERS,                      )       No.   15-70102
                                    )
          Petitioner,               )
                                    )
          v.                        )
                                    )
U.S. SECURITIES & EXCHANGE          )
COMMISSION,                         )
                                    )
    Respondent,                     )
                                    )

                   On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                     Securities & Exchange Commission

                                        2
                       Argued and Submitted April 16, 2019
                            San Francisco, California

Before: D.W. NELSON, FERNANDEZ and BEA, Circuit Judges.

      Mark Feathers (“Feathers”) appeals the district court’s judgment (No. 13-

17304) and the sanctions order entered against him by the United States Securities

and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (No. 15-70102). Natalie Feathers appeals the

district court’s order regarding the disposal of receivership property and denying

her claim thereto (No. 14-15831).1 We affirm as to No. 13-17304, 14-15466, 14-

15894, 15-16018, 15-17200, 17-15923, and 14-15831. We vacate and remand

with directions as to No. 15-70102.

      A.     No. 13-17304

      (1)    Feathers asserts that the district court erred when it granted the SEC

summary judgment on its claim that Feathers committed securities fraud. We

disagree.

      In particular, the parties’ arguments revolve around the SEC’s claim that

Feathers violated the prohibitions against the making of “any untrue statement of a

      1
       We deem waived and will not consider any issues not argued in the
replacement briefing filed on behalf of Feathers and Natalie Feathers, even if the
issues were raised in their previous briefing. That includes any issues raised in
Nos. 14-15466, 14-15894, 15-16018, 15-17200, and 17-15923; the replacement
briefing does not argue any of those issues.

                                          3
material fact or any omission to state a material fact necessary in order to make the

statements made . . . not misleading.” 15 U.S.C. § 77q(a)(2); see also 15 U.S.C.

§ 78j(b); 17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5(b). The SEC proceeded on the basis that it had to

show that Feathers had scienter when making the alleged misrepresentations or

omissions. Of course, the SEC did not have to show that a statement was literally

untrue because it was sufficient for the SEC to show that Feathers omitted to state

a material fact as a result of which the statements made were misleading. See SEC

v. Fehn, 97 F.3d 1276, 1289 (9th Cir. 1996); see also Matrixx Initiatives, Inc. v.

Siracusano, 563 U.S. 27, 38, 131 S. Ct. 1309, 1318, 179 L. Ed. 2d 398 (2011); TSC

Indus., Inc. v. Northway, Inc., 426 U.S. 438, 445, 449, 96 S. Ct. 2126, 2130, 2132,

48 L. Ed. 2d 757 (1976). As to scienter in this area, we have held that it “is the

mental state embracing intent to deceive, manipulate, or defraud. Reckless conduct

may also constitute scienter.” SEC v. Todd, 642 F.3d 1207, 1215 (9th Cir. 2011)

(citation and internal quotation marks omitted); see also SEC v. Platforms Wireless

Int’l Corp., 617 F.3d 1072, 1092–94 (9th Cir. 2010); SEC v. Dain Rauscher, Inc.,

254 F.3d 852, 856 (9th Cir. 2001); Hollinger v. Titan Capital Corp., 914 F.2d
1564, 1569 (9th Cir. 1990) (en banc).

      With those standards in mind, we agree with the district court that there were

a number of material misstatements or omissions in the offering documents for the

                                          4
Funds2 and that the evidence showed that Feathers either intended or recklessly

disregarded the untruth or misleading nature of those statements, and that “no

reasonable jury could conclude otherwise.”3 That is, statements to prospective

investors regarding loans made by the Funds and restrictions on loans to the

Manager4 were misleading to say the least. So, too, were statements that the source

of distributions to investors would be the Funds’ profits, rather than return of

capital. Moreover, accounting manipulations tended to hide the true profitability

facts from the investors and others. All of that indicated to past and future

investors that the Funds were more profitable than they were. “Surely the

materiality of information relating to financial condition, solvency and profitability

is not subject to serious challenge.” SEC v. Murphy, 626 F.2d 633, 653 (9th Cir.

1980).

      (2)    The district court did not err when it determined that Feathers, and

      2
       The “Funds” consisted of Investors Prime Fund, LLC (“IPF”) and SBC
Portfolio Fund, LLC.
      3
       Platforms Wireless, 617 F.3d at 1094; see also id. at 1085; San Diego
Police Officers’ Ass’n v. San Diego City Emps. Ret. Sys., 568 F.3d 725, 733 (9th
Cir. 2009).
      4
       The Manager was Small Business Capital Corp. (“SBCC”), which was
controlled by Feathers.

                                           5
SBCC, violated the requirement that a broker,5 must, in general, register with the

SEC.6 To the extent that Feathers suggests he is not a broker because he sold

shares of the Funds for his own account, no evidence supports that assertion.

Because he failed to raise the issue in the district court, we decline to consider

Feathers’ argument that he and SBCC were engaged only in intrastate business and

were, therefore, exempt from regulation.7

         (3)      In light of parts A(1) and (2), supra, Feathers’ claim that he is not

subject to control person liability8 because there were no other relevant violations

fails.

         (4)      Feathers also asserts that the district court erred when it denied him

access to the frozen assets of the Funds and SBCC for his defense. We review the

district court’s decision for abuse of discretion,9 and find no abuse here. The

         5
             15 U.S.C. § 78c(a)(4)(A).
         6
             Id. § 78o(a)(1).
         7
      See Smith v. Marsh, 194 F.3d 1045, 1052 (9th Cir. 1999); Crawford v.
Lungren, 96 F.3d 380, 389 n.6 (9th Cir. 1996).
         8
             See 15 U.S.C. § 78t(a).
         9
       See SEC v. Capital Consultants, LLC, 397 F.3d 733, 738 (9th Cir. 2005);
Commodity Futures Trading Comm’n v. Noble Metals Int’l, Inc., 67 F.3d 766, 775
(9th Cir. 1995); see also United States v. Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247, 1261–62 (9th
Cir. 2009) (en banc).

                                               6
information before the district court showed a need to preserve the remaining

assets of the Funds and SBCC for the investors in the Funds, who were in danger

of suffering serious losses, and there is much reason to believe that the depleted

nature of the amount available from the Funds and SBCC was due to Feathers’

wrongdoing. Thus, the district court could, in its discretion, preserve those funds

for the investors.10

       (5)      The district court did not abuse its discretion when it ordered Feathers

to disgorge his “ill-gotten gains.” SEC v. JT Wallenbrock & Assocs., 440 F.3d
1109, 1113 (9th Cir. 2006); see also Platforms Wireless, 617 F.3d at 1096. Nor

did the district court abuse its discretion in determining the amount,11 which had

only to be a reasonable approximation of the amount Feathers gained by his

actions.12 The fact that Feathers used part of the money obtained from the Funds to

pay SBCC’s operating expenses is beside the point; it did not obviate the harm to

the Funds themselves.

       B.       No. 14-15831

       10
      Nothing in the indemnity clauses in the agreements between the Funds and
SBCC requires a different conclusion.
       11
            JT Wallenbrock, 440 F.3d at 1113–14.
       12
            See Platforms Wireless, 617 F.3d at 1096.

                                             7
      Natalie Feathers’ appeal from the district court’s order sustaining the

objections of the receiver to her claim against the receivership estate fails. She

asserts that the district court’s order should be reversed if the district court’s

judgment is set aside as to Feathers’ liability. Because we affirm that judgment,

we also affirm the district court’s order denying her claim against the receivership.

      C.     No. 15-70102

      Feathers argues that the SEC’s order imposing remedial sanctions against

him must be set aside because the administrative law judge who made the initial

sanctions decision was unconstitutionally appointed. See Lucia v. SEC, __ U.S. __,

__, 138 S. Ct. 2044, 2055, 201 L. Ed. 2d 464 (2018). The SEC consents to a

voluntary remand of the sanctions order. We agree. See Cal. Cmtys. Against

Toxics v. EPA, 688 F.3d 989, 992 (9th Cir. 2012) (per curiam). We, therefore,

vacate the SEC’s sanction order and remand to the SEC with the direction that if it

chooses to proceed, it must order a new hearing before a different and properly

appointed administrative law judge. See Lucia, __ U.S. at __, 138 S. Ct. at

2055–56; Humane Soc’y of the U.S. v. Locke, 626 F.3d 1040, 1053 n.7 (9th Cir.

2010).

      As to Feathers, AFFIRMED in Nos. 13-17304, 14-15466, 14-15894, 15-

16018, 15-17200, 17-15923, VACATED and REMANDED with directions set

                                            8
forth above in No. 15-70102; as to Natalie Feathers, AFFIRMED in No. 14-15831.

      Costs are to be taxed against Appellant Mark Feathers in Nos. 13-17304, 14-

15466, 14-15894, 15-16018, 15-17200, 17-15923; costs are to be taxed against

Appellant Natalie Feathers in No. 14-15831; costs are to be taxed against

Respondent SEC in No. 15-70102.

                                         9