Court Opinion

ID: 9955589
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-28 20:01:33.337992+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:15:06.622431
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAR 28 2024
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MARIO RODRIGUEZ,                                No.    21-35951

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 2:18-cv-01213-JCC

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
THE BOEING COMPANY,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Western District of Washington
                  John C. Coughenour, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted March 20, 2024**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: FRIEDLAND, SANCHEZ, and H.A. THOMAS, Circuit Judges.

      Plaintiff-Appellant Mario Rodriguez appeals the district court’s grant of

summary judgment in favor of Defendant-Appellee Boeing on his employment

discrimination and unlawful discharge claims and denial of his motion for leave to

amend the complaint.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the district court’s

grant of summary judgment de novo and denial of leave to amend for abuse of

discretion. See United States v. City of Tacoma, 332 F.3d 574, 578 (9th Cir. 2003);

In re W. States Wholesale Nat. Gas Antitrust Litig., 715 F.3d 716, 736 (9th Cir.

2013). We affirm.

      1.    The district court did not err in granting summary judgment to Boeing

on Rodriguez’s claims for discrimination based on race and sexual orientation in

violation of the Washington Law Against Discrimination (“WLAD”). Rodriguez’s

discrimination claim is governed by the burden-shifting framework set forth in

McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973).1 Under the first step of

McDonnell Douglas, a plaintiff must establish a prima facie case of employment

discrimination by showing (1) he is a member of a protected class, (2) he is

qualified for the employment position or performing substantially equal work, (3)

he suffered an adverse employment action, and (4) similarly situated employees

not in his protected class received more favorable treatment. See Matson v. United

1
 We apply McDonnell Douglas to Rodriguez’s discrimination claim because he
has not offered direct evidence of discriminatory intent. See Godwin v. Hunt
Wesson, Inc., 150 F.3d 1217, 1220 (9th Cir. 1998). Although Rodriguez presented
evidence of discriminatory remarks by his coworker Karon Wilmot, he did not
demonstrate a nexus between Wilmot’s remarks and any adverse employment
action. See Vasquez v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 349 F.3d 634, 640-41 (9th Cir. 2003).
                                          2
Parcel Serv., Inc., 872 F. Supp. 2d 1131 (W.D. Wash. 2012); Davis v. W. One

Auto. Grp., 140 Wash. App. 449, 458-59 (2007).

      Viewing the facts in the light most favorable to Rodriguez, he has not

demonstrated that an adverse employment action was taken against him. See

Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986) (summary judgment is

warranted where a party “fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the

existence of an element essential to that party’s case”).2 Rodriguez alleged three

adverse employment actions: his supervisor’s refusal to move his workspace away

from a coworker who made disparaging remarks, his supervisor’s reluctance to

approve his transfer to another position within the company, and a negative

performance review.

      First, the refusal to move Rodriguez’s workspace away from a coworker was

not an adverse employment action because it did not “materially affect [his]

compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment.” Davis v. Team

Elec. Co., 520 F.3d 1080, 1089 (9th Cir. 2008) (cleaned up). Second, undisputed

facts establish that after a two-week delay, during which Rodriguez was on leave,

he was released by his supervisor and free to transfer to another position. He does

not allege that he was adversely impacted by the delay in his transfer. Third,

2
 Rodriguez also failed to present any evidence that similarly situated employees
outside his protected class received more favorable treatment.

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Rodriguez resigned before the appeal of his negative performance review was

resolved. Therefore, the negative performance review was not sufficiently final to

constitute an adverse employment action. See Brooks v. City of San Mateo, 229

F.3d 917, 930 (9th Cir. 2000).

      2.     Rodriguez’s claim for unlawful discharge in violation of

Washington’s public policy against discrimination also fails because he has not

established that he was constructively discharged. To demonstrate constructive

discharge, Rodriguez must show that (1) his employer deliberately made working

conditions intolerable, (2) a reasonable person in his position would be forced to

resign, (3) he resigned because of the intolerable condition and not for any other

reason, and (4) he suffered damages as a result of being forced to resign. See

Peiffer v. Pro-Cut Concrete Cutting & Breaking Inc., 6 Wash. App. 2d 803, 829

(2018).

      Rodriguez has not raised a genuine dispute of material fact that he was

forced to resign. He alleges that his working conditions were made intolerable by

Wilmot’s remarks and the delayed approval of his transfer to another position. We

disagree. Wilmot’s remarks were made between April and August 2017, nine

months prior to Rodriguez’s resignation in May 2018. See Montero v. AGCO

Corp., 192 F.3d 856, 861 (9th Cir. 1999) (employee was not constructively

discharged where harassing behavior ceased three to four months before

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resignation). Although Rodriguez’s transfer to another position was initially

delayed, his transfer was ultimately approved. He had an outstanding offer to

move into the new position at the time of his resignation. These circumstances are

not “sufficiently extraordinary or egregious” that a jury could find they amount to a

constructive discharge. Brooks, 229 F.3d at 930. Thus, Rodriguez’s claim for

unlawful discharge fails as a matter of law.

     3.      Finally, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying

Rodriguez leave to amend his complaint. Rodriguez failed to demonstrate the

diligence necessary to establish good cause to modify the court’s scheduling order

under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16(a). See Johnson v. Mammoth

Recreations, Inc., 975 F.2d 604, 608-09 (9th Cir. 1992). He alleged that his

counsel became aware of new claims while reviewing documents produced by

Boeing in preparation for depositions. The documents were produced in January

2019, five months before Rodriguez’s counsel prepared for depositions in June

2019. Even after becoming aware of the new claims in June 2019, Rodriguez

waited until September 2019 to move for leave to amend. On this record, the

district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Rodriguez leave to amend.

AFFIRMED.

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