Court Opinion

ID: 4189203
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-07-25 15:13:37.69208+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:40:25.705154
License: Public Domain

[Cite as In re B.H., 2017-Ohio-6966.]

                                       COURT OF APPEALS
                                     LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
                                   FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  JUDGES:
                                                  Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J.
IN RE:                                            Hon. John W. Wise, J.
                                                  Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.

         B.H.                                     Case No. 17 CA 0005

                                                  OPINION
         A MINOR CHILD

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                      Civil Appeal from the Court of Common
                                              Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. A2007-
                                              0523

JUDGMENT:                                     Vacated

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                        July 24, 2017

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee State                  For Defendant-Appellant

WILLIAM C. HAYES                               VICTORIA BADER
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY                           250 East Broad Street
KARRIE PRATT KUNKEL                            Suite 1400
ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR                           Columbus, Ohio 43215
20 South Second Street, Fourth Floor
Newark, Ohio 43055
Licking County, Case No. 17 CA 0005                                                    2

Wise, John, J.

       {¶1}   Appellant B.H. appeals the December 28, 2016, Judgment Entry of the

Licking County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, overruling his objections and

approving and adopting the Magistrate’s Decision denying his Motion to Vacate his

Juvenile Sex Offender Classification pursuant to Megan’s Law.

       {¶2}   Appellee is the State of Ohio.

                       STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS

       {¶3}   On July 20, 2007, the State filed a complaint with the Licking County

Juvenile Court alleging that B.H. (d.o.b. 02/13/91), was delinquent for committing one

count of rape, in violation of R.C. §2907.02(A)(1)(b), a felony of the first degree if

committed by an adult, and one count of gross sexual imposition, in violation of R.C.

§2907.05(A)(4), a felony of the third degree if committed by an adult. The Complaint

alleged that the rape offense occurred between the dates of June 1, 2006, through

November 1, 2006, and the GSI offense occurred between April 1, 2005, and September

1, 2005.

       {¶4}   On October 2, 2007, the State filed a Motion to Amend and an Amended

Complaint for the purposes of correcting the spelling of the victims' names and to change

the date range of these events from “April 1, 2006, through November 1, 2006” to “May

1, 2006, through November 1, 2006”.

       {¶5}   On October 16, 2007, the State moved to amend the rape count to gross

sexual imposition, and Appellant entered pleas of admit to two counts of gross sexual

imposition, in violation of R.C. §2907.05(A)(4), both felonies of the third degree.
Licking County, Case No. 17 CA 0005                                                       3

       {¶6}   On November 26, 2007, the dispositional hearing occurred and the trial

court imposed a commitment to the Ohio Department of Youth Services but suspended

the commitment pending Appellant's performance on community control.

       {¶7}   After a non-oral hearing held on December 4, 2007, the court filed an Order

stating that the issue of sex offender registration should have been addressed at the

dispositional hearing, and ordered that a new dispositional hearing be scheduled.

       {¶8}   On January 8, 2008, the court designated Appellant as a Tier II sex offender

registrant pursuant to the Adam Walsh Act (Senate Bill 10).

       {¶9}   On July 13, 2011, the Ohio Supreme Court decided State v. Williams in

which Senate Bill 10 was determined to be unconstitutional as it violated Section 28,

Article II of the Ohio Constitution which prohibits the enactment of retroactive laws. State

v. Williams, 129 Ohio St. 3d 344, 2011-Ohio-3374, 952 N.E.2d 1108. Due to the holding

of Williams, offenders were to be registered according to the law in effect at the time the

offense was committed. Id.

       {¶10} On January 9, 2012, Appellant was successfully released from probation.

       {¶11} On January 26, 2012, Appellant filed a Petition to Rescind Application of the

Adam Walsh Act and Request for Oral Hearing. On that date, the court held a dispositional

review hearing for the purpose of addressing Appellant's status as a registered sex

offender.

       {¶12} By Judgment Entry filed February 6, 2012, the trial court explained that it

did order Appellant to register on January 8, 2008, pursuant to the Adam Walsh Act;

however, the court noted that pursuant to the Ohio Supreme Court's decision in Williams,

that Order needed to be vacated due to such classification being void as it violated the
Licking County, Case No. 17 CA 0005                                                         4

Ohio Constitution. The court ordered that Appellant's classification was proper under the

prior law, Megan's Law, which was in effect at the time the offenses were committed. The

court stated that Appellant was "automatically classified as a sexually oriented offender"

and cited to State v. Hayden, 96 Ohio St. 3d 211, 2002-0hio-4169, 773 N.E.2d 502.

       {¶13} On June 27, 2016, the Office of the Ohio Public Defender filed a Notice of

Limited Appearance and Motion to Vacate Classification on behalf of Appellant.

       {¶14} On July 14, 2016, the State filed its response to that motion.

       {¶15} On September 6, 2016, the trial court denied Appellant’s motion stating that

Appellant was never "reclassified" and that the use of such language was a "syntactical

error by [the Magistrate] in choosing a word without considering its full connotation in this

area of law." The court went on to explain that pursuant to Williams, the court applied the

law in effect at the time the offense was committed, and that Appellant was therefore

automatically subject to registration as a sexually oriented offender according to Hayden.

As such, Appellant's motion was denied.

       {¶16} On September 19, 2016, Appellant filed an objection to the Magistrate's

Decision, asserting that the Magistrate erred in failing to vacate his void classification and

erred in applying Hayden to his case.

       {¶17} The State filed its response to the objections on October 10, 2016.

       {¶18} By Judgment Entry filed December 28, 2016, the trial court overruled

Appellant’s objections and affirmed the September 6, 2016, Magistrate’s Decision, noting

in its Judgment Entry that "[n]o authority has been cited by the juvenile to support the

non-application of Hayden, which was decided in 2002."

       {¶19} Appellant now appeals, raising the following assignment of error:
Licking County, Case No. 17 CA 0005                                                       5

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

       {¶20} “I. THE LICKING COUNTY JUVENILE COURT ERRED WHEN IT DENIED

B.H.'S MOTION TO VACATE HIS VOID JUVENILE SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION,

BECAUSE THE COURT FAILED TO APPLY THE WILLIAMS REMEDY TO HIM

BEFORE      HE    COMPLETED        HIS   DISPOSITIONAL        ORDERS.      FOURTEENTH

AMENDMENT TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION; OHIO CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE I,

SECTION 16.”

                                             I.

       {¶21} In his sole Assignment of Error, Appellant argues that the trial court erred in

denying his motion to vacate his juvenile sex offender registration. We agree.

       {¶22} In 1963, the General Assembly created a designation of “habitual sexual

offender” for individuals convicted two or more times of specified crimes and imposed

registration and change of address notification duties on those individuals. Am. S.B. No.

160, 130 Ohio Laws 669–71. In 1996, the General Assembly enacted Ohio's version of

the federal “Megan's Law” legislation, which created a comprehensive registration and

classification system for sex offenders. State v. Bodyke, 126 Ohio St. 3d 266, 2010-Ohio-

2424, 933 N.E.2d 753, ¶ 6–7. Under Megan's Law, a sentencing court was required to

determine whether a sex offender fell into one of three classifications: (1) sexually

oriented offender, (2) habitual sex offender, or (3) sexual predator. State v. Cook, 83 Ohio

St.3d 404, 407, 700 N.E.2d 570 (1998). Megan's Law also included registration and

address verification provisions, as well as community notification provisions. Id. at 408–

09, 700 N.E.2d 570. In 2007, the General Assembly further amended the law, enacting

Senate Bill No. 10 (“S.B. No. 10”), the Ohio version of the federal “Adam Walsh Act.”
Licking County, Case No. 17 CA 0005                                                         6

Bodyke at ¶ 20. S.B. No. 10, which went into effect on January 1, 2008, imposed a three-

tiered sex offender classification system, based solely on the offense committed. Id. at ¶

21. It also modified the registration, address verification, and community notification

provisions related to each type of sex offender. Id. at ¶ 23–28.

       {¶23} The Supreme Court of Ohio subsequently found several portions of the sex

offender classification system under S.B. No. 10 to be unconstitutional, either on their

face or as applied to certain defendants. In Bodyke, the court held unconstitutional

provisions requiring the attorney general to reclassify sex offenders under S.B. No. 10

whose classifications had already been adjudicated by a court and made the subject of a

final order under Megan's Law. Id. at ¶ 60.

       {¶24} In July 2011, the Supreme Court released its decision in State v. Williams,

129 Ohio St. 3d 344, 2011-Ohio-3372, which held that applying the sex offender

classification system under S.B. No. 10 to individuals who committed their crimes prior to

enactment of that law violated the constitutional prohibition against retroactive laws.

Williams at ¶ 20. It is within this context of the development and evolution of sex offender

classification laws that we consider the particular details of appellee's classification.

       {¶25} The Williams decision held that “S.B. 10, as applied to Williams and any

other sex offender who committed an offense prior to the enactment of S.B. 10, violates

Section 28, Article II of the Ohio Constitution, which prohibits the General Assembly from

enacting retroactive laws.” (Emphasis added.) Id. at ¶ 21. “In applying Williams, Ohio

appellate courts have held that a retroactive classification of a sex offender under S.B. 10

for an offense committed before the effective date of that act is ‘void.’ ” State v. Salser,

10th Dist. No. 12AP–792, 2014-Ohio-87, 2014 WL 117386, ¶ 8, citing State v. Lawson,
Licking County, Case No. 17 CA 0005                                                            7

1st Dist. No. C–120077, 2012-Ohio-5281, 2012 WL 5830593, ¶ 18. See also In re C.W.,

4th Dist., 2013-Ohio-2483, 991 N.E.2d 1167, ¶ 8 (“[B]ecause the juvenile court classified

C.W. as a sex offender using a retroactive application of law, its sex offender classification

is unconstitutional and, therefore, void.”); State v. Alsip, 8th Dist. No. 98921, 2013-Ohio-

1452, 2013 WL 1501503, ¶ 8 (“Where a defendant whose offenses were committed prior

to the effective date of the Adam Walsh Act is improperly classified under the Act in

violation of Williams, such classification is void.”); State v. Carr, 4th Dist., 2012-Ohio-

5425, 982 N.E.2d 146, ¶ 11 (“Because Carr committed his sex offense prior to S.B. 10's

enactment, his Tier III sex offender classification under S.B. 10 violates Ohio's

Retroactivity Clause and is void.”); State v. Dillon, 5th Dist. No. CT11–0062, 2012-Ohio-

773, 2012 WL 626258, ¶ 19 (“Based upon the Ohio Supreme Court holding in Williams

and the analysis set forth in [State v. Eads, 197 Ohio App. 3d 493, 2011-Ohio-6307, 968
N.E.2d 18 (2d Dist.)], we find the trial court erred in classifying Appellant a Tier III sex

offender under the provisions of S.B. 10 and the Adam Walsh Act where the offenses for

which Appellant was convicted occurred prior to the enactment of the legislation.”); State

v. Eads, 197 Ohio App. 3d 493, 2011-Ohio-6307, 968 N.E.2d 18, ¶ 18 (2d Dist.) (“[T]he

retroactive application of S.B. 10 to [persons who committed sex offenses prior to the

effective date of the statute] is a nullity, and Eads's classification as a Tier III sex offender

is void.”).

        {¶26} In the case sub judice, the State agrees that the trial court was correct in

holding that that the original Tier II classification was void because the offenses in this

case were committed prior to the enactment of the Adam Walsh Act. As the statute was

void from its inception, Appellant was never classified as a “tier offender”.
Licking County, Case No. 17 CA 0005                                                     8

       {¶27} The State, however, argues that the trial court had authority to reclassify

Appellant as a sexually oriented offender pursuant to Megan’s Law, and that such

classification does not require a hearing because it attaches as a matter of law.

{¶28} The State relies on the case of State v. Hayden, 96 Ohio St. 3d 211, 2002-Ohio-

4169, in support of its argument. In Hayden, the Court held that the classification of a

defendant as a sexually oriented offender does not require a hearing. Once an individual

is convicted of a sexually oriented offense, he is automatically classified as a sexually

oriented offender and must comply with the registration requirements of R.C. 2950.04

[Hayden at ¶ 15]. The Hayden court observed that there was no evidence that an

individual convicted of a sexually oriented offense could present at a hearing that would

cause the trial court to determine that he was not a sexually oriented offender. Id.

       {¶29} Appellant argues that Hayden applies only to adult offenders and not

juvenile offenders. Appellant further argues that the juvenile court was without authority

to classify him after he had completed all dispositional orders.

       {¶30} Appellant relies on the cases of two Ohio Supreme Court cases: In re Cross,

96 Ohio St. 3d 328, 2002-Ohio-4183 and State ex rel. Jean-Baptiste v. Kirsch, 134 Ohio

St.3d 421, 2012-Ohio-5697. In Cross, the Supreme Court held that the termination of a

juvenile’s probation resulted in a loss of jurisdiction by the juvenile court to impose

suspended commitments.

       {¶31} In Jean-Baptiste, the Supreme Court found that a juvenile court lacks

jurisdiction to classify a child as a juvenile sex offender registrant once his or her

disposition has been fully satisfied or when the child attains the age of 21 years.
Licking County, Case No. 17 CA 0005                                                       9

       {¶32} Upon review, we find that Senate Bill 10, as in earlier versions of Ohio's sex

offender registration statutes, applies to both adult sex offenders and juvenile sex

offenders. See R.C. §2950.01(B)(1) (“sex offender” includes a person who is “adjudicated

a delinquent child for committing, or has been adjudicated a delinquent child for

committing any sexually oriented offense”). However, the classification scheme for

juvenile sex offenders is governed by both R.C. Chapter 2152 and R.C. Chapter 2950.

As with the earlier version of the law, Senate Bill 10 also requires the juvenile court to

engage in a two-step process. See In re C.A., 2d Dist. No. 23022, 2009–Ohio–3303, ¶

37.

       {¶33} R.C. §2152.83 treats juvenile sex offenders differently with respect to

whether and how they are classified as juvenile offender registrants based on their age

at the time of the offense. First, the court must determine whether the juvenile sex

offender should be designated as a juvenile offender registrant (“JOR”) and, therefore,

subject to classification and the attendant registration requirements. Second, the statutory

scheme for the juvenile sex offenders requires the juvenile court to conduct a hearing to

determine the tier in which to classify the juvenile offender. R.C. §2152.831(A); R.C.

§2152.83(A)(2). Unlike the adult sex offenders, who are classified based on the offense

committed, the tiers for the juveniles are determined somewhat differently.

       {¶34} Based on the foregoing rationale, we find that Hayden, supra, does not

apply to juveniles as the juvenile court is required to conduct a hearing, engage in the

two-step process as set forth above, and exercise its discretion.

       {¶35} We would further clarify that the original judgment in this case was void, not

voidable. “A void judgment is one rendered by a court lacking subject-matter jurisdiction
Licking County, Case No. 17 CA 0005                                                       10

or the authority to act.” State v. Peeks, 10th Dist. No. 05AP–1370, 2006-Ohio-6256, 2006
WL 3438669, ¶ 10. “A voidable judgment, on the other hand, is a judgment rendered by

a court having jurisdiction/authority and, although seemingly valid, is irregular and

erroneous.” Id. “[I]f a trial court imposes a sentence that is unauthorized by law, the

sentence is void.” State v. Billiter, 134 Ohio St. 3d 103, 2012-Ohio-5144, 980 N.E.2d 960,

¶ 10.

        {¶36} As such, the trial court herein was without authority to correct or clarify or

amend Appellant’s classification as such original classification was a mere nullity. Any

classification imposed after such was a new classification.

        {¶37} In applying the facts of this case to the law, we find that B.H. successfully

completed his disposition of January 9, 2012, when he was discharged from probation.

Accordingly, the juvenile court had no jurisdiction to impose a new classification after that

date. Nevertheless, January 26, 2012, the juvenile court held a hearing to impose the

new classification. Based on the above cases, we find that the juvenile court did not have

jurisdiction over B.H., and the juvenile court acted outside its jurisdiction in imposing the

new classification. We therefore find that the classification issued on January 26, 2012 is

void.
Licking County, Case No. 17 CA 0005                                                11

      {¶38} Accordingly, we sustain Appellant’s sole Assignment of Error.

      {¶39} Based on the foregoing, we find the decision of the Court of Common Pleas,

Juvenile Division, Licking County, Ohio, is void and hereby vacate same.

By: Wise, John, J.

Gwin, P. J., and

Baldwin, J., concur.

JWW/d 0629