Court Opinion

ID: 2981389
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-22 19:33:54.760695+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:42:55.958970
License: Public Domain

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                                File Name: 12a0993n.06

                                                  No. 11-3120
                                                                                                    FILED
                                UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                                  Sep 07, 2012
                                     FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT                               DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk

MARIA ORDONEZ-CRUZ,                                             )
                                                                )
        Petitioner,                                             )        On Appeal from the Board of
                                                                )        Immigration Appeals
v.                                                              )
                                                                )        OPINION
ERIC H. HOLDER, Attorney General,                               )
                                                                )
        Respondent.                                             )

        Before: SILER and KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judges; GRAHAM, District Judge.*

        GRAHAM, District Judge. Petitioner Maria Ordonez-Cruz seeks review of an order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals (“the Board”) denying her application for cancellation of removal.

Ordonez-Cruz concedes that she is removable, but seeks cancellation of removal under 8 U.S.C. §

1229b(b)(1)(D) for “exceptional and extremely unusual hardship” to her U.S. Citizen children. An

immigration judge (“IJ”) concluded that Orodonez-Cruz had not established extremely unusual

hardship to her children and denied her application. The Board agreed and dismissed the appeal.

Before this court, petitioner contends that the IJ and the Board failed to follow their own binding

        *
          The Honorable James L. Graham, United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, sitting by
designation.
                                            No. 11-3120
                                                -2-

precedent in declining to grant her application for cancellation of removal. Because the Board did

not unreasonably apply its own precedent, we deny Ordonez-Cruz’s petition for review.

                                                  I.

       Ordonez-Cruz, a citizen of Mexico, entered the United States without inspection on

September 15, 1995. The Department of Homeland Security commenced removal proceedings

against Ordonez-Cruz as an “alien present without admission or parole” under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6).

Petitioner conceded removability, but requested cancellation of removal under 8 U.S.C. §

1229b(b)(1)(D) for “exceptional and extremely unusual hardship” to her U.S. Citizen children.

       Ordonez-Cruz has four children who were ages 15, 14, 6, and 2 when the family sought

cancellation of removal before the IJ in 2009. Ordonez-Cruz’s youngest three children are United

States citizens. The family has had no contact with Ordonez-Cruz’s husband and father of the four

children since shortly after the youngest child was born, nor have they received any financial support

from him. The four children attend school in the United States and have not known a life outside

of this country. The two older children speak Spanish, the younger two do not. None of the children

can read or write in Spanish.

       Ordonez-Cruz has identified special factors for each of the qualifying children that she argues

demonstrate that removal would impose a special hardship. The 14-year-old has struggled in school

and is “a little behind.” The 6-year-old has speech problems and is on a waiting list at a Cincinnati

children’s hospital for further evaluation and treatment. The record does not reveal the precise

nature of the child’s problem, except that he has trouble producing certain speech sounds. The
                                           No. 11-3120
                                               -3-

youngest child has been hospitalized twice for pneumonia; the record does not suggest that

pneumonia presents a special risk for her, should Ordonez-Cruz be removed to Mexico.

       At the time of the hearing before the immigration judge the family lived in a condominium

that Ordonez-Cruz owned. She purchased the home for $71,000 with a $5000 down payment; she

estimated its value at $95,000 in December, 2009. Ordonez-Cruz estimated her income as a food

preparer at a Red Lobster restaurant to average between $400 and $500 per week. This income was

the sole support for herself and her four children. The only public assistance that the family had

received was Medicaid-covered healthcare for the four children. At the time of the hearing she had

$300 in her bank account, and no significant assets other than the condominium.

       Ordonez-Cruz and her four children have relatives both in Mexico and the United States.

Three of her seven siblings live in the United States without stable immigration status. The other

four of Ordonez-Cruz’s siblings and her parents remain in Mexico. Ordonez-Cruz’s father and some

of her brothers own fields in Mexico. These fields are a potential source of employment for

petitioner if removed to Mexico, but she estimated that she would not make more than $9.00 per day.

At this income level, Ordonez-Cruz testified that she could not afford adequate housing or

reasonable education for her children. She testified that her family could stay with her parents “for

a few days,” but not permanently.

                                                 II.

       The IJ denied Ordonez-Cruz’s application for cancellation of removal, concluding that she

had failed to establish extremely unusual hardship to her children. In particular, the IJ relied on

findings that Ordonez-Cruz has family in Mexico and that she has approximately $29,000 in equity
                                           No. 11-3120
                                               -4-

in her condominium, an asset that could help the family transition to life in Mexico. The Board

affirmed the IJ and dismissed Ordonez-Cruz’s appeal. Regarding the immigration judge’s reliance

on equity in her condominium, Ordonez-Cruz claims that the Board “seemed to agree with Petitioner

that such [a] finding was speculative.” However, the Board specifically stated that “we find no error

in the Immigration Judge’s consideration . . . of whether or not the respondent may have net equity

in her condominium.”

       On petition for review of the denial of her application, Ordonez-Cruz argues that in denying

discretionary cancellation of removal, the IJ and the Board disregarded its own binding precedent

in In re. Gonzalez Recinas, 23 I.&N. Dec. 467 (BIA 2002).

                                                III.

       The Board has jurisdiction to review the decision of the immigration judge under 8 C.F.R.

§ 1003.1(b)(3). Our jurisdiction arises under the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”), 8 U.S.C.

§ 1252(a)(1). The petition for review was timely.

       The respondent strenuously argues that this court does not have jurisdiction to review denials

of cancellation of removal, which lie under the discretionary authority of the Board. Respondent is

correct that 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i) explicitly denies this court jurisdiction over discretionary

relief such as the cancellation of removal. See Garza-Moreno v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 239, 242 (6th

Cir. 2007). However, as this court made clear in Aburto-Rocha v. Mukasey, “the choice by the BIA

to disregard its own binding precedent–even when deciding an issue that is within its discretion–is

not itself a discretionary decision Congress has excluded from review.” 535 F.3d 500, 503 (6th Cir.

2008) (citing Billeke-Tolosa v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 708, 711-12 (6th Cir. 2004)). Here, Ordonez-Cruz
                                            No. 11-3120
                                                -5-

asserts that the IJ and the Board have declined to follow their own binding precedent, an act that lies

beyond their discretion. See 8 C.F.R. 1003.1(g); see also Aburto-Rocha, 535 F.3d at 503. We have

jurisdiction to review this non-discretionary act. Aburto-Rocha, 535 F.3d at 503.

                                                 IV.

       “Where the Board affirms the IJ’s ruling but adds its own comments, we review both the IJ’s

decision and the Board’s additional remarks.” Karimijanaki v. Holder, 579 F.3d 710, 714 (6th Cir.

2009) (citing Gilaj v. Gonzales, 408 F.3d 275, 283 (6th Cir. 2005)). We review the legal issue of

whether the Board disregarded its own precedent de novo, granting “considerable deference” to “[a]n

agency’s interpretation of its own precedents . . . .” Aburto-Rocha, 535 F.3d at 503.

                                                  V.

       Ordonez-Cruz’s sole argument is that the IJ and the Board failed to follow binding precedent

established in Matter of Recinas. Ordonez-Cruz argues that the facts relevant to her application for

cancellation of removal are “nearly identical” to the facts in Recinas. The facts relevant to the two

cases are, indeed, similar. The petitioner in Recinas, like Ordonez-Cruz, was a single mother with

both citizen and non-citizen children. 23 I.&N. Dec. at 467. She did not receive support from the

father of her children. Id. at 470. Like Ordonez-Cruz, she had minimal income, $400-$500 per

month (compared to Ordonez-Cruz’s estimated income of $400-$500 per week). Id. The petitioner

in Recinas also had a single asset that might have eased her family’s transition to Mexico–a car

estimated to be worth $4,600. Id. Like Ordonez-Cruz’s children, the citizen children in Recinas

anticipated a difficult transition to life in Mexico. The youngest children had difficulty speaking in

Spanish, and none of the children could read or write in Spanish. Id.
                                            No. 11-3120
                                                -6-

       In these ways Ordonez-Cruz’s circumstances are similar to those of the petitioner in Recinas,

but they are not identical. Ordonez-Cruz identifies one relevant hardship that was not present in

Recinas, that her six-year-old son has a speech impediment and is on a waiting list for evaluation and

treatment at a Cincinnati hospital. Though the Recinas petitioner’s children had no special medical

hardships, they demonstrated other factors suggesting special hardship that Ordonez-Cruz does not.

For example, in Recinas, the petitioner’s entire family lived in the United States, including five

siblings who were U.S. citizens, and her parents who were lawful permanent residents. Id. at 469.

She had no family in Mexico and no prospects for employment. Id. Ordonez-Cruz, on the other

hand, has family both in the United States and in Mexico. In the United States, she has three

siblings, none of whom has stable immigration status. Her parents, and four other siblings remain

in Mexico. Her father and brothers own fields in which she might find work.

       Petitioner claims that her application for cancellation of removal is so similar to the

application considered in Recinas that the Board must reach the same outcome. This is not the case.

The Board is clear that Recinas represents “the outer limit of the narrow spectrum of cases in which

the exceptional and extremely unusual hardship standard will be met.” Id. at 470. In other words,

if the hardship to be faced by Ordonez-Cruz’s children is in any way less extreme than the

circumstances in Recinas, the precedent established in that case does not require that the Board grant

Ordonez-Cruz’s application, but suggests its denial. Further, the Board in Recinas gave special

emphasis to the fact that the petitioner had no family in Mexico to assist her with the transition.

“The respondent’s ability to provide for the needs of her family will be severely hampered by the fact

that she does not have any family in Mexico who can help care for her six children.” Id. at 471. This
                                            No. 11-3120
                                                -7-

is not the case for Ordonez-Cruz–her parents and four of her siblings are in Mexico, and they can

help her with both short-term housing and employment opportunities. This significant difference

between this case and Recinas undercuts petitioner’s argument.

       Finally, Ordonez-Cruz’s evidence of an additional hardship, her son’s speech impediment,

does not compel a different outcome. Petitioner’s sole argument is that her case is so similar to

Recinas that her application for cancellation of removal, too, must be granted. But a fact not present

in Recinas logically cannot lead to the conclusion that the Board is required by Recinas to grant

Ordonez-Cruz’s application. Petitioner’s application presents a different situation from Recinas, one

that is different enough in a key way (presence of family in Mexico) that it is a reasonable exercise

of discretion for the Board to conclude that Ordonez-Cruz did not demonstrate exceptional and

extremely unusual hardship, but that the petitioner in Recinas did.

                                                 VI.

       Accordingly, we deny the petition for review.