Court Opinion

ID: 4327878
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-05 09:55:39.906596+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:20:17.664638
License: Public Domain

AFFIRMED; Opinion Filed November 1, 2018.

                                                      In The
                                    Court of Appeals
                             Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                             No. 05-17-01286-CV

                     PETER BEASLEY, Appellant
                               V.
SOCIETY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, DALLAS AREA CHAPTER, Appellee

                          On Appeal from the 162nd Judicial District Court
                                       Dallas County, Texas
                               Trial Court Cause No. DC-16-03141

                                   MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                 Before Justices Myers, Evans, and Brown
                                         Opinion by Justice Evans
         Appellant Peter Beasley appeals the award of attorney’s fees in favor of appellee Society

of Information Management, Dallas Area Chapter.1 Beasley also asserts that the trial court lacked

jurisdiction to award attorney’s fees to SIM-DFW. Finally, Beasley asserts that the trial court

judge should be disqualified or recused based upon certain rulings. We affirm.

                                               BACKGROUND

         SIM-DFW is a national, professional society of information technology (IT) leaders which

seeks to connect senior level IT leaders with peers, provide opportunities for collaboration, and

provide professional development. Beasley was a member of SIM-DFW until April 19, 2016 when

he was removed from the chapter during a board of directors’ meeting.

         1
          Appellee notes in its brief that its correct name is the Society for Information Management, not the Society
of Information Management and that it is locally known as SIM-DFW. Accordingly, we refer to appellee as SIM-
DFW.
        In March 2016, Beasley filed a petition against SIM-DFW alleging claims for injunctive

relief, breach of fiduciary duty, and for whistleblower protection under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of

2002. On July 5, 2016, Beasley filed a motion for partial summary judgment requesting that the

court sustain two of his declaratory judgment causes of action. Following the hearing held on

August 15, 2016, the trial court denied this motion by order dated August 18, 2016.

        On June 30, 2017, Beasley filed a sixth amended petition which limited his claims to claims

for declaratory relief. Three causes of action sought declarations that: (1) the April 19, 2016

expulsion meeting was void; (2) the actions taken by the board following his expulsion are also

void until ratified by Beasley; and (3) SIM-DFW’s bylaws and articles of incorporation prohibit

charitable donations of SIM-DFW’s assets to non-members.

        It appears that Beasley later filed a motion for no-evidence summary judgment and another

motion for partial summary judgment. SIM-DFW also appears to have filed a traditional and no-

evidence motion for summary judgment. A hearing for all of these summary judgment motions

was set for October 16, 2017.2 On October 5, 2017, however, plaintiff filed a notice of nonsuit

and motion to dismiss all claims against all parties without prejudice.3 On October 18, 2017, SIM-

DFW filed a motion for sanctions which stated that it had incurred attorney’s fees in excess of

$193,000 in this lawsuit. During the hearing on this motion, the trial court requested that the

parties provide briefing on whether there was a live request for attorney’s fees. The trial court

specifically requested briefing as to whether this situation merited an award of attorney’s fees if

Beasley nonsuited to avoid an unfavorable ruling. Both parties submitted additional briefing and

         2
           Neither Beasley’s nor SIM-DFW’s motions for summary judgment were included in the clerk’s record but
the record does contain hearing notices for these motions.
        3
         The record also contains references to the fact that Beasley’s responses to SIM-DFW’s motions for
summary judgment were due on October 5, 2017—the same day that he filed his nonsuit and motion to dismiss all
claims.

                                                     –2–
a hearing was held on November 3, 2017.4 Following the November 3 hearing, SIM-DFW’s

counsel submitted a proposed order and the affidavits of Robert A. Bragalone and Peter S. Vogel

supporting the request for attorney’s fees in excess of the amount the trial court awarded. By order

dated November 3, 2017, the trial court granted SIM-DFW’s request for attorney’s fees and

awarded it $211,032.02. In addition, the trial court’s order granting attorney’s fees recited the

following:

        1.     Plaintiff filed certain declaratory judgment claims on April 15, 2016.

        2.     Defendant moved for summary judgment on those claims.

        3. The hearing on the motion for summary judgment was scheduled for October
           12, 2017, making Plaintiff’s response due on October 5, 2017.

        4. On October 5, 2017, in lieu of filing a response to the motion for summary
           judgment, Plaintiff nonsuited his entire case.

        5. The following factors support a finding that the nonsuit was filed to avoid an
           unfavorable ruling on the merits:

                   (a) the timing of the nonsuit;

                   (b) the strength of the motion for summary judgment;

                   (c) the failure to respond to the motion;

                   (d) the Plaintiff’s prior litigation history, including a dismissal of all claims
                       after resting his case during trial, which dismissal he then appealed to
                       the Dallas Court of Appeals;5 and

                   (e) Plaintiff’s conduct during this very contentious litigation, including his
                       conduct as a pro se party and as a Plaintiff in conjunction with five
                       different appearances by lawyers, including the resources of eight (8)
                       different judges in six (6) different courts.

On November 8, 2017, Beasley filed a verified motion to disqualify and recuse judge. On

December 18, 2017, Beasley filed a first and second notice of appeal in which Beasley appeals

        4
            According to the briefing, there is no transcript for the November 3, 2017 hearing.
        5
         The reference to the case involving a dismissal of all claims is to an unrelated case titled Beasley v.
Richardson, No. 05-15-01156-CV, 2016 WL 5110506 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2016, pet. denied).

                                                          –3–
from “the Final Judgment order entitled ‘Order Granting Attorney’s fees [sic] as Prevailing Party

on Declaratory Judgment Claims’ for Defendant.”6

                                                   ANALYSIS

         A.       Summary Judgment and Award of Attorney’s Fees

         In the first issue, Beasley presents an argument which seeks for this Court to “correct a

denied motion for summary judgment when the court erred, as a matter of law, by declaring the

wrong party as having prevailed in support of an unnecessary, unreasonable, unjust and inequitable

judgment for attorney fees.” In four sub-issues, Beasley argues as follows: (1) the award of

attorney’s fees is erroneous where there is no showing it was reasonable, necessary, just or

equitable and when Beasley should have prevailed on the declaratory judgment claim; (2) the

expulsion was void, as a matter of law for violating due process, as the Board refused to tell

Beasley the reasons he faced expulsion and did not provide proper notice, and Beasley was entitled

to relief by summary judgment; (3) the expulsion was void, as a matter of law, as the Board did

not have a quorum and Beasley was entitled to summary judgment; and (4) the finding of “who

prevailed” is an issue of fact to have been tried by a jury.

         Beasley argues that the “trial court entered a final judgment declaring SIM Dallas the

prevailing party on Beasley’s denied motion for summary judgment.” The trial court’s order

granting attorney’s fees, however, is unrelated to Beasley’s July 5th motion for partial summary

judgment. As stated in the order, the trial court declared SIM-DFW the prevailing party on

Beasley’s declaratory judgment claims and granted SIM-DFW an award of attorney’s fees

         6
           Although we construe pro se pleadings and briefs liberally, we hold pro se litigants to the same standards
as licensed attorneys and require them to comply with the applicable laws and rules of procedure. In re N.E.B., 251
S.W.3d 211, 211–12 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.); see also Gonzalez v. VATR Const. LLC, 418 S.W.3d 777, 784
(Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.) (“Appellate courts must construe briefing requirements reasonably and liberally,
but a party asserting error on appeal still must put forth some specific argument and analysis showing that the record
and the law support his contention.”). To do otherwise would give a pro se litigant an unfair advantage over a litigant
who is represented by counsel. In re N.E.B., 251 S.W.3d at 212.

                                                         –4–
pursuant to section 37.009 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. Accordingly, to the

extent that Beasley is arguing that an award of attorney’s fees to SIM-DFW under section 37.009

was improper, we address such arguments below in sections A(1) and (2).7 To the extent that

Beasley is reasserting summary judgment arguments which were previously denied by the trial

court, we will not address such arguments in this opinion because Texas law generally prohibits

appellate review of a trial court’s interlocutory order denying a party’s motion for summary

judgment.8 See Tex. Mun. Power Agency v. Pub. Util. Comm’n of Tex., 253 S.W.3d 184, 192 (Tex.

2007) (recognizing that the denial of summary judgment is normally not appealable); Cincinnati

Life Ins. Co. v. Cates, 927 S.W.2d 623, 625 (Tex. 1996) (“The general rule is that a denial of a

summary judgment is not reviewable on appeal.”). Here, Beasley’s motion was a motion for partial

summary judgment and it is not properly before us. See id.

                  1) Attorney Fees (Sub-issue One)

         In sub-issue one of the first issue, Beasley argues that the award of attorney’s fees is

erroneous because the award was unnecessary, unreasonable, unjust and inequitable.9 Here,

Beasley argues that the fees awarded were not just or equitable because SIM-DFW could have

reduced its fees by taking certain actions such as pursuing dismissal of Beasley’s lawsuit prior to

engaging protracted and costly discovery. Beasley also argues that the amount of fees requested

by SIM-DFW’s attorneys could not be considered reasonable because such an amount was not

“reasonable and necessary in defense of ‘who is a member of a voluntary association.’”

         7
           We address sub-issue one of the first issue to the extent Beasley is arguing that the award of attorney fees
is erroneous in section A(1). We also address sub-issue four of the first issue as to whether “who prevailed” is an
issue of fact to have been tried by a jury in section A(2).
         8
           For the reasons stated in the text, we will not address sub-issue one of the first issue to the extent that
Beasley is arguing that he should have prevailed on the declaratory judgment claim. We will also not address sub-
issues two or three of the first issue which are summary judgment arguments previously made by Beasley which are
not properly before us.
         9
           Section 37.009 of the Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code provides that “[i]n any proceeding under this
chapter, the court may award costs and reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees as are just and equitable.”
                                                         –5–
         In response, SIM-DFW notes that the trial court requested, and it provided, affidavits of

defense counsel supporting the request for attorney’s fees. SIM-DFW noted that the affidavits

detailed “the amount of fees incurred in the defense of Appellant’s claims, segregate the time spent

defending the declaratory judgment claims as opposed to the other claims in the lawsuit, and

address the factors in Arthur Andersen v. Perry Equipment Corp., 945 S.W.2d 812 (Tex. 1997).”

In response to Beasley’s arguments about what SIM-DFW could have done to reduce its fees, SIM-

DFW notes that the trial court “relied on the procedural history of the case and Appellant’s

litigation history as an experienced pro se litigant who abuses the courts, wastes significant judicial

resources, and uses lawsuits as a means to ‘negotiate’ private and non-justiciable matters to his

satisfaction.”10 SIM-DFW further asserts that because there is no reporter’s record for the

November 3, 2017 hearing, this Court must presume that the evidence supports the trial court’s

judgment.

         An award of attorney’s fees under the Declaratory Judgments Act is reviewed for abuse of

discretion. Bocquet v. Herring, 972 S.W.2d 19, 21 (Tex. 1998). The trial court does not abuse its

discretion when its decision is based on conflicting evidence and some evidence in the record

reasonably supports the trial court’s decision. Indian Beach Prop. Owners’ Ass’n v. Linden, 222
S.W.3d 682 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.). It is an abuse of discretion for the

trial court to rule arbitrarily, unreasonably, or without regard to guiding legal principles. Bocquet,
972 S.W.2d at 21. In addition, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial

court’s ruling, indulging every presumption in its favor. Feldman v. KPMG LLP, 438 S.W.3d 678,

686 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, no pet).

         10
              As noted above, the trial court considered both Beasley’s prior litigation history and his conduct during
this litigation when awarding SIM-DFW its attorney’s fees and costs in defense of the declaratory judgment claims.

                                                         –6–
         The Declaratory Judgments Act imposes four limitations on the court’s discretion to

award attorney’s fees. Bocquet, 972 S.W.2d at 21. The first two limitations are that the fees must

be reasonable and necessary and these are fact questions for the trier of fact’s determination.11 See

id. The other two limitations on attorney’s fees are that they must be equitable and just and these

are questions of law. Feldman, 438 S.W.3d at 686.

       In regard to the reasonableness and necessity of the fees, a factfinder should consider the

following facts: 1) the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved,

and the skill required to perform the legal service properly; (2) the likelihood that the acceptance

of the particular appointment will preclude other employment by the lawyer; (3) the fee

customarily charged in the locality for similar services; (4) the amount involved and the results

obtained; (5) the time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances; (6) the nature and

length of the professional relationship with the client; (7) the experience, reputation, and ability of

the lawyer or lawyers performing the services; and (8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent on

results obtained or uncertainly of the collection before the legal services have been rendered. See

Arthur Andersen & Co., 945 S.W2d at 818. In this case, SIM-DFW submitted the affidavits

following the hearing which addressed the amount of fees incurred in the defense of Beasley’s

claims, segregated the time spent defending the declaratory judgment claims as opposed to the

other claims in the lawsuit, and addressed the Arthur Andersen factors. Further, we note that we

do not have a reporter’s record of the November 3, 2017 hearing to review. Without this record,

we are unable to evaluate what evidence or testimony was relied on by the trial court during the

hearing and we must presume that the evidence supports the trial court’s judgment. See Favaloro

v. Comm’n for Lawyer Discipline, 994 S.W.2d 815, 821 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1999, pet. stricken)

(“If the appellant fails to bring forward a complete record, the court will conclude appellant has

       11
            We address the issue of why a jury did not determine the amount of fees in section A(2), infra.
                                                         –7–
waived the points of error dependent on the state of the evidence.”); Rush v. Barrios, 56 S.W.3d
88, 96 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2001, pet. denied) (“No record was made of the hearing

on the motion for fee forfeiture, and we must support the judgment of the trial court on any legal

theory applicable to the case.”). Finally, we note that the trial court did not award SIM-DFW the

full amount of the fees it requested. Based on our review of the record, we cannot conclude that

the trial court abused its discretion in determining that attorney’s fees in the amount of $211,032.02

were reasonable and necessary.

       Under section 37.009, a trial court may exercise its discretion to award attorney’s fees to

the prevailing party, the nonprevailing party, or neither. Feldman, 438 S.W.3d at 685. Here, the

trial court determined that SIM-DFW was the prevailing party on Beasley’s declaratory judgment

claims and was entitled to an award of attorney’s because Beasley had filed a nonsuit to avoid an

unfavorable ruling. Epps v. Fowler, 351 S.W.3d 862, 870(Tex. 2011). (holding that a defendant

may be a prevailing party when a plaintiff nonsuits without prejudice if the trial court determines,

on the defendant’s motion, that the nonsuit was taken to avoid an unfavorable ruling on the merits).

In its order, the trial court stated that it considered the pleadings, evidence, and arguments of

counsel and listed numerous factors in support of its decision to award fees, such as Beasley’s

prior litigation history, the timing of the nonsuit, and Beasley’s conduct in this litigation. We note

that the determination of whether an award of attorney’s fees would be equitable or just is not

susceptible to direct proof but instead is a matter of fairness in light of all the circumstances. See

Anglo-Dutch Petroleum Int’l v. Greenberg Peden, P.C., 522 S.W.3d 471, 494 (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.], pet. denied). Under the circumstances described above, we conclude that

the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining that an award of fees to SIM-DFW was

equitable and just.

       Accordingly, we overrule Beasley’s sub-issue one of the first issue.

                                                 –8–
               2. Waiver of Jury Trial (Sub-issue Four)

       In sub-issue four of the first issue, Beasley argues that all questions of fact should be

decided by a jury and that his declaratory judgment action “was entitled to trial by a jury.” In

regard to this argument, we note that there was no issue of fact for a jury to determine following

Beasley’s nonsuit of his declaratory judgment claims. Beasley then argues that the “determination

of the amount of fees that are reasonable and necessary is a question of fact for the jury.” We

agree with Beasley’s assertion that the reasonableness and necessity of fees is a fact issue.

Bocquet, 972 S.W.2d at 21. Beasley, however, has not set forth any evidence that he raised an

objection to the trial court, not a jury, making this determination. As an appellate court, we review

a trial court’s ruling or an objection to its refusal to rule. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(2); Texas

Dep’t of Protective & Regulatory Servs. v. Sherry, 46 S.W.3d 857, 861 (Tex.2001) (constitutional

claim on appeal in paternity suit waived by failure to raise complaint at trial) (citing Dreyer v.

Greene, 871 S.W.2d 697, 698 (Tex.1993)); Quintana v. CrossFit Dallas, L.L.C., 347 S.W.3d 445,

448–49 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.). “Important prudential considerations underscore our

rules on preservation. Requiring parties to raise complaints at trial conserves judicial resources by

giving trial courts an opportunity to correct an error before an appeal proceeds.” In re B.L.D., 113
S.W.3d 340, 350 (Tex. 2003). This is called preservation of error and requires that “a party’s

argument on appeal must comport with its argument in the trial court.” Knapp v. Wilson N. Jones

Mem’l Hosp., 281 S.W.3d 163, 170 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.); see TEX. R. APP. P.

33.1(a)(1). If an issue has not been preserved for appeal, we should not address it because nothing

is presented for our review. See In re R.B., 200 S.W.3d 311, 317 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, pet.

denied) (preservation of error requires a timely objection in the absence of which nothing is

presented for appellate court review).

                                                –9–
         Here, Beasley’s supplemental brief, as requested by the trial court, did not contain any

objection to the trial court determining the reasonableness or necessity of attorney’s fees.12 Further,

there is no reporter’s record of the November 3, 2017 hearing so there is no record that any

objection was made and ruled upon by the trial court. Accordingly, as Beasley cannot demonstrate

that error was preserved, he has waived his right to complain on appeal that the trial court denied

his right to a jury on the issue of reasonableness and necessity of fees. See Sunwest Reliance

Acquisitions Group v. Provident Nat’l Assurance Co., 875 S.W.2d 385, 387 (Tex. App.—Dallas

1993, no pet.) (holding that “when a party has perfected its right to a jury trial in accordance

with rule 216 but the trial court instead proceeds to trial without a jury, the party must, in order to

preserve any error by the trial court in doing so, either object on the record to the trial court’s action

or indicate affirmatively in the record it intends to stand on its perfected right to a jury trial.”).

Accordingly, in this instance, the trial court was the proper party to decide the issue of attorney

fees because Beasley waived his right to have a jury decide this issue. For all the reasons described

above, we overrule Beasley’s sub-issue four of the first issue.

         B.       Lack of Jurisdiction to Award Attorney’s Fees

         In Beasley’s second issue, he argues that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to have a

nonsuited defendant file a motion for attorney’s fees and subsequently grant an award of fees

which had not been requested before the nonsuit. Rule 162 provides that a dismissal “under this

rule shall have no effect on any motion for sanctions, attorney’s fees or other costs, pending at the

time of dismissal, as determined by the court.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 162.

         12
              In his objections to the Bragalone and Vogel (SIM-DFW’s trial court attorneys) affidavits, Beasley did
make the following objection: “Plaintiff further objects to the use of the evidence as a denial of due process and
plaintiff’s right to trial by jury.” This objection, however, was filed after the hearing took place on November 3, 2017.

                                                         –10–
        Both parties concede that SIM-DFW’s answer contained a request for attorney’s fees in its

conclusion and prayer.13 To the extent that Beasley is contesting the timeliness of SIM-DFW’s

request for attorney’s fees, we find Beasley’s argument unpersuasive. The Texas Supreme Court

has decided that “the trial court retains jurisdiction to address collateral matters, such as motions

for sanctions, even when such motions are filed after the nonsuit” while the court retains its plenary

power. See Travelers Ins. Co. v. Joachim, 315 S.W.3d 860, 863 (Tex. 2010); see also Scott &

White Mem’l Hosp. v. Schexnider, 940 S.W.2d 594, 596 (Tex. 1996) (“Rule 162 merely

acknowledges that a nonsuit does not affect the trial court’s authority to act on a pending sanctions

motion; it does not purport to limit the trial court’s power to act on motions filed after a nonsuit.

In this case, the trial court imposed sanctions while it retained plenary jurisdiction. Nothing in Rule

162 or any previous decision of this Court deprives a trial court of this power.”). Courts impose

sanctions against parties filing frivolous claims to deter similar conduct in the future and to

compensate the aggrieved party by the costs it incurred in defending baseless pleadings. Travelers

Ins. Co., 315 S.W.3d at 864. Rule 162 would frustrate these purposes if it allowed a party to escape

sanctions by simply nonsuiting the aggrieved party. Id. at 864–65. The same analysis applies to

a motion for attorney’s fees filed after a nonsuit. See Proler v. City of Houston, 499 S.W.3d 12,

15 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2016, no pet.) (“Rule 162 ‘permits the trial court to hold

hearings and enter orders affecting . . . attorney’s fees . . . even after notice of nonsuit is filed.’”).

        Here, the trial court elected not to award sanctions but requested that the parties provide

briefing on the issue of attorney’s fees. The trial court’s order concluded that Beasley nonsuited

his case to avoid an unfavorable ruling on the merits and, following a hearing, the trial court elected

to award attorney’s fees pursuant to section 37.009 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code.

        13
             The clerk’s record does not contain a copy of SIM-DFW’s answer.

                                                      –11–
Further, all of these actions took place within the trial court’s plenary jurisdiction.14 Accordingly,

we cannot conclude that the request for attorney’s fees was untimely.

         Beasley also argues that the attorney’s fees should not be allowed because “a trial judge is

prohibited from imposing sanctions, veiled as attorney’s fees, against a nonsuiting party on the

court’s own motion.” In support of this assertion, Beasley cites to Dean v. Riser, 240 F.3d 505,

508 (5th Cir. 2001). The Dean case, however, addresses the impact of a voluntary dismissal of a

civil rights case on whether defendant was entitled to attorney’s fees as a prevailing party under

42 U.S.C. § 1983. Id. at 507. That court ultimately remanded the case to the trial court for a

determination of whether plaintiff withdrew to avoid an unfavorable judgment on the merits. Id.

at 511. As the Dean case addresses attorney’s fees under a federal statute, we do not find it relevant

or persuasive. We note, however, that the trial court in this case did conclude that Beasley filed a

nonsuit to avoid an unfavorable ruling on the merits and, as described above, awarded SIM-DFW

its attorney’s fees in accordance with section 37.009 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies

Code.

         For all the reasons described above, we overrule Beasley’s second issue.

         C.       Disqualification and Recusal

         In his third issue, Beasley argues that the trial court judge should have been disqualified or

have recused herself for advocating for one party over another. Beasley specifically argues that

the trial judge should have been recused or disqualified because she was not impartial and acted

as counsel for SIM-DFW.

         14
            The order of dismissal was signed on October 9, 2017. Therefore, the trial court’s plenary jurisdiction
expired thirty days after October 9, 2017. See In re Bennett, 960 S.W.35, 38 (Tex. 1997) (“However, the signing of
an order dismissing a case, not the filing of a notice of nonsuit, is the starting point for determining when a trial
court’s plenary power expires.”).
                                                       –12–
                  1) Additional facts

         On November 8, 2017, Beasley filed a verified motion to disqualify and recuse judge.

Judge Moore declined to recuse herself and requested that another judge be assigned to hear the

motion. On November 22, 2017, the presiding judge of the judicial region signed an order denying

plaintiff’s motion to disqualify and recuse judge which provided as follows:

         After considering the evidence, the undersigned finds the motion should be denied.
         Without limitation, the motion is untimely because Plaintiff’s complaints and
         evidence show that the rulings and actions of the judge for which he seeks recusal
         begin in January of 2017 and continue throughout 2017. Yet Plaintiff did not file a
         recusal motion until November 20, 2017. While one of Plaintiff’s assertions is that
         the judge became an advocate for Defendant at a sanctions hearing, such complaint,
         again, is lodged after many months of rulings and actions Plaintiff contends support
         recusal; the judge’s November 3 ruling on sanctions also is grounded in the history
         of the case.

         ***

         To the extent Plaintiff seeks disqualification of the judge, he has presented no valid
         legal or factual basis for disqualification.

                  2) Analysis

         Beasley argues that the trial court judge should have been disqualified pursuant to the

Texas Constitution and the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure because she acted as counsel in the

case.15 Beasley specifically argues that the trial judge “conducted legal research” and “advocated”

that SIM-DFW could pursue attorney’s fees. Here, however, there was no assertion that the trial

judge has served as a lawyer in the matter in controversy. Before a judge is disqualified on this

ground, “it is necessary that the judge acted as counsel for some of the parties in [the] suit before

him in some proceeding in which the issues were the same as in the case before him.” In re

         15
            See TEX. CONST. art. V, § 11 (“No judge shall sit in any case wherein the judge may be interested, or where
either of the parties may be connected with the judge, either by affinity or consanguinity, within such a degree as may
be prescribed by law, or when the judge shall have been counsel in the case.”); TEX. R. CIV. P. 18b(a)(1) (“A judge
must disqualify in any proceeding in which: the judge has served as a lawyer in the matter in controversy, or a lawyer
with whom the judge previously practiced law served during such association as a lawyer concerning the matter . . .
.”).
                                                        –13–
O’Connor, 92 S.W.3d 446, 448 (Tex. 2002). Beasley’s argument that the trial judge acted “as

counsel” in this case because the trial judge conducted independent research and requested further

briefing or expressed her thoughts at hearings does not fall within the scope of the disqualification

grounds of either the Constitution or the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure and, accordingly, we

overrule this argument.

       Beasley also argues that the trial court should have recused herself because of her bias and

prejudice against him. The Texas Rules of Civil Procedure provide that a judge must recuse in

any proceeding in which the judge’s “impartiality might reasonably be questioned” or if the judge

has a “personal bias or prejudice concerning the subject matter of a party.” See TEX. R. CIV. P.

18b(b)(1)-(2). We review an order denying a motion to recuse for abuse of discretion. Drake v.

Walker, 529 S.W.3d 516, 528 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2017, no pet.). The movant bears the burden

of proving recusal is warranted, and the burden is met only through a showing of bias or

impartiality to such an extent that the movant was deprived of a fair trial. Id. Further, bias by an

adjudicator is not lightly established and judicial rulings alone almost never constitute a valid basis

for a motion to recuse based on bias or partiality. Id. Here, Beasley argues that the trial judge was

biased because she raised the vexatious litigant statute during a hearing, requested additional

briefing on the issue of attorney’s fees, and subsequently awarded a “large, flagrant attorney fees

award against Beasley.” We conclude that Beasley did not meet his burden to establish bias and

overrule his third issue.

                                          CONCLUSION

       On the record of this case, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                       /David Evans/
                                                       DAVID EVANS
                                                       JUSTICE
171286F.P05

                                                –14–
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

 PETER BEASLEY, Appellant                            On Appeal from the 162nd Judicial District
                                                     Court, Dallas County, Texas
 No. 05-17-01286-CV          V.                      Trial Court Cause No. DC-16-03141.
                                                     Opinion delivered by Justice Evans.
 SOCIETY OF INFORMATION                              Justices Myers and Brown participating.
 MANAGEMENT, DALLAS AREA
 CHAPTER, Appellee

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

    It is ORDERED that appellee SOCIETY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT,
DALLAS AREA CHAPTER, recover its costs of this appeal from appellant PETER BEASLEY.

Judgment entered this 1st day of November, 2018.

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