Court Opinion

ID: 4332214
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-14 00:35:24.711201+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:47:51.444745
License: Public Domain

MICHAEL H. JOHNSON AND PATRICIA E. JOHNSON, Petitioners v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RespondentJohnson v. CommissionerNo. 23702-96United States Tax CourtT.C. Memo 1999-127; 1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147; 77 T.C.M. 1825; T.C.M. (RIA) 99127; April 19, 1999, Filed Vasquez, Juan F.VASQUEZMEMORANDUM OPINIONVASQUEZ, JUDGE: This case is before the Court on petitioners' motion for award of litigation and administrative costs and attorney's fees pursuant to section 7430 and Rule 231.  1 We see no reason for an evidentiary hearing on this matter. See Rule 232(a)(2). Accordingly, we rule on petitioners' motion on the basis of the parties' submissions and the existing record. See Rule 232(a)(1). The portions of our opinion on the merits in the instant case, Johnson v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1998-448 (Johnson I), that are relevant to our disposition of this motion are incorporated herein1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*149  by this reference.After concessions, 2 the issues for decision are: (1) Whether petitioners are the "prevailing party" in the underlying tax case; (2) whether petitioners unreasonably protracted the Court's proceeding; and (3) whether the amounts of administrative and litigation costs claimed by petitioners are reasonable.BACKGROUNDPetitioners are husband and wife. Mr. Johnson operated Ford and Lincoln-Mercury motor vehicle dealerships. The substantive issues in Johnson I were: (1) Whether petitioners were entitled to defer recognition of gain on the disposition of certain property1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*150  pursuant to section 1033; (2) whether petitioners were liable for the fraud penalty pursuant to section 6663(a), or, in the alternative, the accuracy-related penalty pursuant to section 6662(a) for 1992; and (3) whether petitioners were liable for the addition to tax for failure to file timely their return for 1992. We held that (1) petitioners were entitled to defer recognition of gain on the disposition of that property pursuant to section 1033; (2) petitioners were not liable for the fraud or accuracy-related penalties; and (3) we lacked jurisdiction over the addition to tax for failure to file timely.DISCUSSIONSection 7430 provides for the award of administrative and litigation costs to a taxpayer in an administrative or court proceeding brought against the United States involving the determination of any tax, interest, or penalty pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code. An award of administrative or litigation costs may be made where the taxpayer (1) is the "prevailing party", (2) exhausted available administrative remedies, 3 (3) did not unreasonably protract the administrative or judicial proceeding, and (4) claimed reasonable administrative and litigation costs. See sec. 1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*151  7430(a), (b)(1), (3), (c). These requirements are conjunctive, and failure to satisfy any one will preclude an award of costs to petitioners. See Minahan v. Commissioner, 88 T.C. 492">88 T.C. 492, 88 T.C. 492">497 (1987).PREVAILING PARTYTo be a "prevailing party" (1) the taxpayer must substantially prevail with respect to either the amount in controversy or the most significant issue or set of issues presented, and (2) at the time the petition in the case was filed, the taxpayer must meet the net worth requirements of 28 U.S.C. sec. 2412(d)(2)(B) (1994). See sec. 7430(c)(4)(A). A taxpayer, however, will not be treated as the prevailing party if the Commissioner establishes that the Commissioner's position was substantially justified. See sec. 7430(c)(4)(B).Respondent contends, inter alia, that petitioners have not satisfied the net worth requirements.NET WORTH REQUIREMENTSRule 231(b)(4) provides that 1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*152  a motion for litigation or administrative costs shall contain "A statement that the moving party meets the net worth requirements, if applicable, of Section 2412(d)(2)(B) of title 28, United States Code (as in effect on October 22, 1986), which statement shall be supported by an affidavit executed by the moving party and not by counsel for the moving party". The net worth limitation of $ 2 million applicable to individuals applies separately to each taxpayer. See Hong v. Commissioner, 100 T.C. 88">100 T.C. 88 (1993); Prager v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1994-420. 4 The taxpayers bear the burden of establishing that they meet the net worth requirements. See Rule 232(e); Dixson Intl. Serv. Corp. v. Commissioner, 94 T.C. 708">94 T.C. 708, 94 T.C. 708">718 (1990).1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*153  Petitioners' motion for costs contained a statement that petitioners satisfied the net worth requirements. Petitioners submitted an affidavit that stated their net worth was less than $ 4 million jointly and $ 2 million individually. Petitioners also submitted a schedule of their assets and liabilities as of the date the petition was filed (first joint net worth schedule). The first joint net worth schedule listed the following assets and liabilities:Assets                     Value______                     _____Savings accounts and or certificates $ 62,834Checking accounts                24,000Annuity                    118,615Investment in dealership            734,487Real estate                 7,354,000Home furnishings                125,000   Total assets              8,418,936Liabilities                  Value___________                  _____Unsecured bank loans              $ 71,028Mortgages, trust deeds or contracts payable             4,541,660   Total liabilities       1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*154       4,612,688 The first joint net worth schedule listed the combined net worth of petitioners to be $ 3,806,248. The first joint net worth schedule did not list either Mr. Johnson's or Mrs. Johnson's individual net worth.Respondent filed an objection to petitioners' motion in which respondent argues that petitioners' affidavit and first joint net worth schedule are insufficient, and that petitioners have failed to prove that they meet the net worth requirements. Respondent contends that (1) petitioners did not itemize their assets or provide their cost bases; 5 (2) it is unclear whether the listed liabilities are personal liabilities of petitioners or corporate liabilities (i. e., liabilities of Mr. Johnson's car dealership); (3) if the liabilities are personal liabilities, it is unclear whether they are joint liabilities or separate liabilities of either Mr. Johnson or Mrs. Johnson; (4) petitioners failed to identify which assets are community property and which are separate property; and (5) the $ 2 million net worth limitation applies separately to each taxpayer, and the first joint net worth schedule lists the aggregate net worth of petitioners as less than $ 4 million 1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*155  but does not establish the net worth of each petitioner.Petitioners filed a reply to respondent's objection and again submitted an affidavit that stated their net worth was less than $ 4 million jointly and $ 2 million individually. Petitioners also submitted three net worth schedules: One listing the net worth of both petitioners as of the date the petition was filed (second joint net worth schedule), one listing the net worth of Mr. Johnson as of the date the petition was filed (Mr. Johnson's net worth schedule), and one listing the net worth of Mrs. Johnson as of the date the petition was filed (Mrs. Johnson's net worth schedule).The second joint net worth schedule listed the following assets:Assets                           Value______             1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*156                _____Savings accounts andor certificates $ 103,337Checking accounts                     10,021Investment in dealership                1,328,800Real estate                      2,277,476Home furnishings                     125,000   Total assets                   3,844,634______________________________________________________________________   [12] The real estate assets were broken down as follows:______________________________________________________________________                   Accu-             Acqui-    mulatedReal            sition    Depre-    Net BookEstate           Cost     ciation     Value    Value______________________________________________________________________Personal residence    $ 405,000     --       --    $ 405,000Fox Field Bldg.      423,321   $ 116,775   $ 306,546     --Fox Field equip.      72,000    45,530    26,470     --El Monte Bldg.       793,279    187,201    606,078     --El Monte Bldg. points    8,000     1,4671999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*157      6,533     --   Subtotal         --      --       --    945,627CRV            721,000    721,000     --      -0-WASU rental,        40,000     -0-     40,000     --  landWASU rental,        185,000    23,825    161,175     --  rental   Subtotal         --      --       --    201,175Ford dealership:  land          111,334     -0-     111,334     --  bldg.          684,009    69,669    614,340     --  computer         52,496    52,496     -0-     --Subtotal           --      --      --    725,674Real estate total       --      --      --   2,277,476   [13] The second joint net worth schedule listed the followingliabilities:Liabilities                        Value___________                        _____Unsecured bank loans                   $ 71,028Secured loans                       471,000Taxes payable                       619,220Real estate loans: First Union Mortgage            1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*158        401,782 CA-Jon Hangar project loan               591,140 CRV                          1,712,094 Havasu rental                      160,387 Antelope Valley Ford & Shuttle Lincoln-Mercury facilities loan            3,709,959   Total liabilities                 7,736,610 The second joint net worth schedule determined the combined net worth of petitioners to be ($ 3,891,976).Mr. Johnson's net worth schedule and Mrs. Johnson's net worth schedule are identical. Mr. Johnson's net worth schedule and Mrs. Johnson's net worth schedule each listed the following assets:Assets                         Value______                         _____Savings accounts andor certificates $ 51,669Checking accounts                   5,011Investment in dealership               664,400Real estate                    1,138,738Home furnishings                   62,500   Total assets                 1,922,317   [16] The real estate assets were broken down as follows:1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*159                     Accu-             Acqui-    mulatedReal            sition    Depre-    Net BookEstate           Cost     ciation     Value    Value______           _______   _______    ________    _____Personal residence    $ 405,000     --      --     $ 202,500Fox Field Bldg.      423,321   $ 116,775    $ 306,546     --Fox Field equip.      72,000    45,530     26,470     --El Monte Bldg.       793,279    187,201    606,078     --El Monte Bldg.        8,000     1,467     6,533     -- points   Subtotal         --      --      --     472,814CRV            721,000    721,000     --      -0-WASU rental,        40,000     -0-     40,000     -- landWASU rental,        185,000    23,825    161,175     -- rentalSubtotal           --      --      --     100,588Ford dealership:  land          111,334     -0 -     111,334     --  bldg.          684,009    69,669    614,340     --  computer         52,496    52,496    1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*160   -0-      --   Subtotal         --      --       --     362,837   Real estate total    --      --       --    1,138,738   [17] Mr. Johnson's net worth schedule and Mrs. Johnson's networth schedule each listed the following liabilities:Liabilities                     Value___________                     _____Unsecured bank loans                $ 35,514Secured loans                   235,500Taxes payable                   309,610Real estate loans:First Union Mortgage                200,891CA-Jon Hangar project loan             295,570CRV                        856,047Havasu rental                    80,194Antelope Valley Ford & ShuttleLincoln-Mercury facilities loan         1,854,980   Total liabilities              3,868,305 Mr. Johnson's net worth schedule and Mrs. Johnson's net worth schedule determined the individual net worth of each petitioner to be ($ 1,945,988).Essentially, petitioners split the amounts contained on the second joint net worth schedule in1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*161  half, attributing one-half to Mr. Johnson and the other half to Mrs. Johnson.Petitioners argue that to satisfy the net worth requirements they only need to submit a statement, supported by an affidavit executed by the moving party, that they meet the net worth requirements. We disagree.Petitioners were put on notice that respondent was specifically objecting to an award of administrative and litigation costs because petitioners failed to prove they meet the net worth requirements. After a taxpayer is put on notice that the Commissioner is specifically objecting to an award of administrative and/ or litigation costs because of the taxpayer's failure to prove his net worth, the taxpayer must provide supporting information (i. e., evidence) to establish his net worth. See Estate of Hubberd v. Commissioner, 99 T.C. 335">99 T.C. 335, 99 T.C. 335">341 (1992); Dixson Intl. Serv. Corp. v. Commissioner, 94 T.C. 708">94 T.C. 719; see also McCoy v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1992-423.Petitioners submitted no evidence supporting the amounts listed in the various net worth schedules or the statements in their original motion and supporting affidavits1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*162  that they meet the net worth requirements. Furthermore, respondent submitted evidence that the land upon which Mr. Johnson's motor vehicle dealerships are located is Mr. Johnson's sole and separate property. Petitioners, in their reply, failed to address whether this or any other property listed on the various net worth schedules was separate or community property. Additionally, petitioners included half the value of each property in both Mr. Johnson's net worth schedule and Mrs. Johnson's net worth schedule.The various net worth schedules submitted by petitioners leave doubt as to their veracity. The first joint net worth schedule and the second joint net worth schedule are almost $ 8 million apart as to petitioners' joint net worth as of the date the petition was filed. The amounts listed on the second joint net worth schedule changed by tens of thousands of dollars for petitioners' checking and savings accounts, changed by hundreds of thousands of dollars for their investment in the dealership, and changed by millions of dollars for their real estate from the amounts listed on the first joint net worth schedule. Petitioners' liabilities also increased by over $ 3 million from 1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*163  the first joint net worth schedule to the second joint net worth schedule.Additionally, petitioners included an annuity as an asset in the first joint net worth schedule but did not list this asset in the second joint net worth schedule or in their individual net worth schedules. The second joint net worth schedule also included over $ 600,000 in taxes that was not listed on the first joint net worth schedule. Petitioners did not explain any of these discrepancies.Petitioners supplied no explanation why their calculations of their net worth as of the time the petition in the case was filed changed so drastically in the less than 2 months between the submission of their original motion (which contained the first joint net worth schedule) and their reply to respondent's objection (which contained the second joint net worth schedule and the individual net worth schedules).Under the circumstances present in this case, we do not feel compelled to accept petitioners' unsubstantiated, conclusory, and self-serving assertion that they meet the net worth requirements.  6 See 99 T.C. 335">Estate of Hubberd v. Commissioner, supra; 94 T.C. 708">Dixson Intl. Serv. Corp. v. Commissioner, supra;1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*164  see also McCoy v. Commissioner, supra; cf.  Tokarski v. Commissioner, 87 T.C. 74">87 T.C. 74, 87 T.C. 74">77 (1986). We conclude that petitioners have failed to prove they meet the net worth requirements necessary to be a "prevailing party" under section 7430(c)(4).In light of our holding that petitioners failed to prove they meet the net worth requirements, we need not address whether (1) respondent's position was substantially justified; (2) petitioners unreasonably protracted the Court's proceeding; or (3) the amounts of administrative1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 147">*165  and litigation costs claimed by petitioners are reasonable.Accordingly, we hold that petitioners are not entitled to an award of administrative or litigation costs.To reflect the foregoing,An appropriate order be issued.  Footnotes1. Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.↩2. Respondent concedes that petitioners exhausted their administrative remedies and substantially prevailed.↩3. This requirement applies only to litigation costs. See sec. 7430(b)(1)↩.4. The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105-34, sec. 1453(a), 111 Stat. 788, 1055 (effective with respect to proceedings commenced after Aug. 5, 1997), amended sec. 7430 to adopt this rule. See sec. 7430(c)(4)(D)(ii), as amended. The petition in this case, however, was filed on Nov. 4, 1996; therefore, this amendment is not applicable herein. Cf.  Maggie Management Co. v. Commissioner, 108 T.C. 430">108 T.C. 430↩ (1997).5. Although the term "net worth" is not statutorily defined, the "acquisition cost" of the asset, rather than the fair market value, should be used. See Swanson v. Commissioner, 106 T.C. 76">106 T.C. 76, 106 T.C. 76">96↩ (1996).6. On Apr. 12, 1999, petitioners filed a "Statement of Errata" in which they state that their joint net worth schedules contained several errors due to "misunderstandings" and "miscommunications". Petitioners attached a third joint net worth schedule that listed their combined net worth as $ 1,097,312. Petitioners submitted no evidence supporting the amounts listed in this schedule. We believe that this submission further supports our conclusions in this case.↩