Court Opinion

ID: 7112675
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-24 12:28:18.399244+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:13:47.772020
License: Public Domain

Ladd, J.
The evidence showed conclusively that plaintiff had never complied with the contract of conditional sale, for that it had not given defendant a bill of lading of or tendered the goods ordered, which, by the terms of the contract, was a condition precedent to the payment of the $250 by the defendant May 1, 1902, and the execution of the notes for the monthly payments' of the balance of the purchase price and payment thereof. Until plaintiff com*316plied with its part of the contract in the above respects, there could be no breach on the part of the defendant, for until then nothing was required of it. True, a soda water apparatus was shipped to defendant, but it was not such as was ordered, in that Tennessee marble, with onyx trimmings, was substituted for “ the two onyx bodies, St. Baume énds,” and differed in other respects. Though defendant set up the apparatus in its store in place of the Tuft’s apparatus which had been shipped to plaintiff, the latter was promptly advised of the -differences, and called upon to comply with its agreement. That it did not do, and never has done.
1- ^ondftionái of contract: waiver. It is suggested in argument that these differences between the apparatus as ordered and delivered were waived by the use and sale of that received, but no-such issue was tendered by the pleadings. The petition alleged full performance of the contract by the delivery of all the property and. breach of its x x ° conditions by the defendant in not paying the money stipulated or the execution of notes. The answer not only denied the allegations of performance by plaintiff and breach by defendant, but specifically averred that “ the .plaintiff has never delivered or tendered to the defendant the two onyx bodies as called for by said contract;- and' defendant avers that by mutual contract entered into between the parties the plaintiff agreed in writing to deliver to defendant one fourteen-foot refrigerator base and two work boards of special design, and defendant avers that the said base and work boards have never been delivered or tendered to defendant, nor has any bill of lading therefor ever been received by this defendant;” that by reason thereof plaintiff has not complied with its contract, and is estopped from demanding “ its performance by defendant.” No reply was filed. The only issue raised then was whether plaintiff had performed its part of the agreement; for, if it had, the defendant was conceded to be in default. The necessity of pleading a waiver in order to render it available as an-excuse *317for non-performance has been too frequently declared to call for the citation of authority. But see McCoy v. Ins. Co., 107 Iowa, 80; Parsons v. A. O. U. W., 108 Iowa, 6; Kinkead v. McCormick Har. Mach. Co., 106 Iowa, 222; Murray v. Thiessen, 114 Iowa, 657; Trezona v. Railway, 107 Iowa, 22. As waiver was not pleaded, the sufficiency of the evidence for its -support is not a proper subject for consideration on appeal.
2 same-condition precedent to smt. We have a case, then, wherein the parties have entered into a contract- by the terms of which the vendee, in addition to delivering to the vendor other property in exchange, was Pay a Pai’t the Purchase price in cash an(j execute notes for the balance and jn the vendee has delivered the property in exchange as agreed, but, owing to vendor’s failure to comply with his part of the contract; has refused to pay more or to execute the notes. In so refusing the vendee did not breach the contract, for he was not to pay or execute the notes until the apparatus stipulated for was delivered. The vendor alone was in default, and the sole question raised is whether, in these circumstances, he may maintain action for the possession of the property without first tendering back that which he has received. Manifestly the authorities cited by appellant to the effect that an action in re-plevin will lie in such a case upon performance by the vendor and default in payment by the vendee are not in point. Such remedy was not available to plaintiff owing to any breach by defendant, as there was none, and therefore the action must have failed. As the entire contract was conditioned upon the delivery of the apparatus ordered, possibly the plaintiff might have elected to rescind by tendering back the Tuft’s apparatus received by it, thereby putting the vendee in statu quo and demanding the return of the apparatus as furnished. See Heine Piano Co. v. Crepin, 142 Cal. 609 (76 Pac. 493) ; Richardson v. Great Western Mfg. Co., 3 Kan. App., 445 (43 Pac., 809) ; *318Brewster v. Wooster, 131 N. Y. 473 (30 N. E., 489); 1 Mechem on Sales, section 629. No attempt was made to do 'this, however, and the point is not decided; the action is based on the contract, and not its rescission, and, as neither performance by plaintiff nor a breach of the terms thereof by defendant was proven, the court rightly held plaintiff not entitled to recover.
modification ' of order for payment of costs. II. Several motions for continuance were filed by defendant and sustained by the court. , The rulings did not prejudice the trial in any way, but that on the application of February 6, 1905, was conditioned on the payment of expenses of attendance of wit- ‘ 4 4 nesses and otherwise m the sum of $260.85, ^ ' and judgment was entered therefor against defendant and the sureties on the delivery bond, and the same required to be paid prior to the next term of court as a condition precedent to m'aking defense. At the April, 1905, term, defendant moved for continuance and plaintiff for default and judgment owing to defendant’s omission to pay the above judgment. To the latter motion defendant offered resistance on the grounds that the judgment was improvidently entered; that the court was without jurisdiction to enter the same against the sureties; that the same was entered without giving defendant an election to go to trial, and the terms were not demanded by plaintiff as a condition to the continuance, and for these reasons, together with the claim that defendant was without present means to pay the judgment, it moved that the judgment be set aside or at least that it be so modified as not to require payment as a condition precedent to going to trial. Thereupon the court modified the judgment as prayed, and sustained the motion for continuance upon condition that the costs of the term be paid by defendant. It elected to proceed to trial. The plaintiff excepts to so much of this order as modified the judgment so as to allow defendant to proceed with the trial without paying *319the judgment, and in a separate appeal, consolidated with this, the sureties on the delivery bond, J. II. Wilson and C. M. Brown, assail the validity of the judgment as against them in toto.
The affidavits in support of the resistance shows conclusively that one of the attorneys for defendant was actually engaged in a murder trial at the time the cause was called at the February, 1905, term of court, and that another was attending the funeral of his mother, precisely as set up in the motion for continuance then filed. No question is made but that the court had jurisdiction to modify the order, and we think that doing so was discretionary. The order of continuance, when entered, might have been made without conditions, or on the payment of expenses of the term, unaccompanied with the requirement as of time of payment, and, if so, the court in its discretion might have so modified its ruling subsequently on a proper showing during the pendency of the case. Certainly the continuance was fully justified, as the remaining attorney of defendant was not familiar with the case. Under these circumstances we think there was no such abuse of discretion in modifying the on-der with respect to the payment of expenses of the teim as' a condition precedent to making defense in the action at a subsequent term of court.
4 Evidence: withholding ruling on objection: prejudice. III. Certain correspondence was introduced in evidence. It was admissible as tending to show that plaintiff was advised of its omission to supply the apparatus as ordered, and that defendant had not accepted it in compliance with the contract. That the rulings on the objections were withheld until 0 the ruling on the motion to direct a verdict could not have been prejudicial to. plaintiff, as these bore directly on the issues raised by the answer.
*3205. Pleadings: amendment: discretion. *319IV. After the court had intimated that defendant’s motion to direct, a verdict in its favor would be sustained, the plaintiff offered an amendment to its petition, in sub*320stance setting up that defendant bad waived compliance with the contract by plaintiff. As such omis- . sion had been affirmatively pleaded by defend- . j r tj ant, this amendment after the evidence had been introduced came too late; at least, the trial court might well have so held. But it is said that in ruling on plaintiffs voluminous motions to strike the court had sustained them in so far as to eliminate “ the equitable division ” of the answer, and that plaintiff could not have known what this was intended to include until the rulings on the motions to direct. The third division of the answer was designated an “ equitable defense,” and was evidently that stricken. No part of the amendment to the answer, which, with the first and second divisions of that pleading, put in issue the averments of the petition, was stricken, and surely counsel must be held to have been apprised of the issues raised by the pleadings and for trial in the law forum. Especially is this true where the answer merely puts in issue the allegations of the petition. The circumstances were not such as to indicate any abuse of discretion in denying the application to amend the petition.
6. Replevin: delivery bond: liability of sureties for costs. V. As heretofore recited, the judgment for the expenses of the term as a condition to granting a continuance was entered against the defendant in order to retain possession of the property. The sureties subsequently moved to set this judgment aside, on the ground that the right .to the possession of the property had not been adjudicated at the time of its rendition, and that they were not parties to the action, nor had they appeared, and that the court was without jurisdiction to enter such judgment. The delivery bond executed by a defendant in a suit in replevin is purely statutory. It is authorized by section 4172 of the Code, and “ conditioned that he will appear in and defend the action, and deliver the property to the plaintiff, if he recovers judgment therefor, in as good condition as it was *321when the action was commenced and that he will pay all costs and damages that may be adjudged against him for the taking or detention of the property; which bond shall be delivered to the officer, who shall return the property to the defendant, append the bond to the writ, return it therewith to the officer issuing it, and refer thereto in his return on the writ.” Now the defendant appeared and defended the action. “ Defend ” is defined in Black’s Law Dictionary as follows: “ To contest' and endeavor to defeat a claim or demand made against one in a court of justice.” See Boehmer v. Big Rock, etc., Dist., 117 Cal., 19 (48 Pac., 909). Surely plaintiff can have no complaint in this respect. To move for a continuance was merely an incident in the procedure, and, as the court sustained the application and did not abuse its discretion in so doing, there was no breach of the obligation to defend.
Nor was there a breach of the bond under the statute in any other respect. As plaintiff was not adjudged entitled to the possession of the property, the sureties were not required to deliver it, and, as the taking or detention of it was not wrongful, no costs or damages therefor could be adjudged against it. The costs contemplated 'by the statute are those which are occasioned by the taking or detention of the property in controversy, and, where plaintiff in replevin succeeds, may include costs incurred in the trial. But, where the defendant is adjudged to be entitled to possession of and is awarded the property, no costs properly can be taxed “ for the taking and detention ” thereof, and none were so taxed in this case. The costs and expenses occasioned by the continuance were taxed to the moving party not because of anything incident to the property or its possession, but as a matter of justice between the- parties to the litigation in adjusting the pontponement of the trial. It is only when plaintiff recovers judgment for the property that the bondsmen are obligated to pay the costs and damages adjudged against defendant for its taking and detention.
*322As to. whether notice to the sureties would be essential before judgment might be entered, in such a case as contended by defendant, see section 4179 of the Code. See, also, discussion in McConnell v. Poor, 113 Iowa, 133. In so far as the sections of the Code relating to a replevin bond are relied on, the contentions of plaintiff are disposed of in Gerlaugh v. Ryan, 127 Iowa, 226.
But plaintiff insist that, in any event, the condition, of the bond was such as to render the sureties liable. The bond conforms with the statute quoted, save that, instead of stipulating for payment of “ all costs and damages that may be adjudged against him (plaintiff) for taking or detention of the property,” it provides that they will pay all costs and damages that “may be adjudged against them herein.” No costs or damages properly might have been taxed against the sureties on the bond, and for this reason the condition of the bond is not different as to them than were it in the words of the statute. Only the costs adjudged against them are to be paid by the sureties. None could have been legally so taxed save by virtue of the statute, and, as that did not authorize this to be done as against them, the judgment for the costs was erroneous.
It follows that on the appeal of the sureties on the delivery bond the judgment of the trial court is reversed, and on the appeal of plaintiff the judgment is affirmed.