Court Opinion

ID: 6346789
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-06-03 16:17:37.500226+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:18:58.786223
License: Public Domain

J-A05014-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    ALAN ORTIZ                                 :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 777 MDA 2021

               Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered June 7, 2021
       In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-06-CR-0005948-2014

BEFORE:      OLSON, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                       FILED: JUNE 3, 2022

        Appellant, Alan Ortiz, appeals pro se from the order entered June 7,

2021, which denied his petition filed under the Post-Conviction Relief Act

(“PCRA”).1 We affirm.

        Appellant’s underlying convictions stem from a November 14, 2014

incident wherein Appellant aimed and discharged his firearm toward three

police officers as he fled from those officers. See Commonwealth v. Ortiz,

2017 WL 2972809, *1 (Pa. Super. 2017) (unpublished memorandum). The

Commonwealth charged Appellant with the following crimes: criminal attempt

to commit criminal homicide; three counts of assault of law enforcement

officer; six counts of aggravated assault; persons not to possess, use,

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*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1   42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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manufacture, control, sell, or transfer firearms; firearms not to be carried

without    a   license;   possessing      instruments   of   crime;   and   recklessly

endangering another person.2            See PCRA Court Opinion, 8/23/21, at 1.

Appellant proceeded to a jury trial, at which time the Commonwealth withdrew

both firearms charges. Id. On July 21, 2016, the jury found Appellant not

guilty of criminal attempt to commit criminal homicide and guilty of the

remaining charges.        Id.    On August 8, 2016, the trial court sentenced

Appellant to serve an aggregate term of 60 to 120 years’ imprisonment 3 with

credit for time served. Id. at 1-2. This Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment

of sentence, and our Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal on March 12,

2018. See Commonwealth v. Ortiz, 2017 WL 2972809 (Pa. Super. 2017),

appeal denied 182 A.3d 442 (Pa. 2018).

       On April 16, 2018, Appellant filed a timely pro se PCRA petition, his first.

The PCRA court appointed counsel to represent Appellant, who filed an

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2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 901(a) (criminal attempt), 2501(a) (criminal homicide),
2702.1(a) (assault upon law enforcement officer - three counts), 2702(a)(2)
(attempt or cause serious bodily injury upon enumerated persons - three
counts), 2702(a)(4) (attempt or cause bodily injury upon another with deadly
weapon - three counts), 6105(a)(1) (person not to possess firearms),
6106(a)(1) (firearms not to be possessed without a license), 907(a)
(possession of an instrument of crime), and 2705 (reckless endangerment of
persons), respectively.

3 Appellant’s convictions for three counts of assault of a law enforcement
officer under § 2702.1(a) each carried a mandatory minimum sentence of not
less than 20 years. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 9719.1(a). The trial court imposed
these mandatory sentences consecutively, for an aggregate sentence of 60 to
120 years’ imprisonment.

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amended PCRA petition on December 3, 2020. Within the amended petition,

Appellant argued that trial counsel was ineffective for erroneously advising

Appellant to waive his right to testify at trial on the basis that he would be

impeached with his prior criminal record.4        See Amended PCRA Petition,

12/3/20, at 3. After a March 25, 2021 evidentiary hearing wherein Appellant

and trial counsel testified, the PCRA court denied Appellant’s PCRA petition on

June 7, 2021. See PCRA Court Opinion, 6/7/21. This appeal followed.5

       Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:

       1. Whether the [PCRA] court erred in denying Appellant’s PCRA
       petition for a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel where trial
       counsel erroneously advised Appellant of the possible
       consequences of testifying at trial, specifically that if Appellant
       took the stand, he would be impeached with his prior criminal
       record consisting of simple assault and terroristic threats, thereby
       denying Appellant his right to testify on his own behalf, and where,

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4The amended PCRA petition also included a claim of ineffective assistance of
direct appeal counsel, but PCRA counsel withdrew this claim. See PCRA Court
Opinion, 8/23/21, at 2; see also N.T. PCRA Hearing, 3/25/21, at 3.

5 Appellant filed a pro se notice of appeal on June 17, 2021, and requested to
proceed pro se on appeal. See PCRA Court Opinion, 8/23/21, at 2. Prior to
conducting a hearing pursuant to Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81
(Pa. 1998), the PCRA court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of
errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Both Appellant
and PCRA counsel filed concise statements. Thereafter, the PCRA court
conducted a Grazier hearing on August 2, 2021 and granted Appellant’s
request to proceed pro se. On August 23, 2021, the PCRA court entered a
statement in lieu of opinion wherein it addressed Appellant’s pro se concise
statement, which Appellant submitted while PCRA counsel remained attached
to this case. In its statement, the PCRA court essentially adopted the
reasoning of its June 7, 2021 opinion. See PCRA Court Opinion, 8/23/21, at
3-4.

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       Appellant established that but for counsel’s patently incorrect
       advice, Appellant would have testified at trial?

       2. Should [PCRA counsel] be [considered] ineffective and
       Appellant’s PCRA rights reinstated because she neglected and
       failed to raise numerous issues [presented] in the original PCRA
       petition, along with subsequent issues presented to her through
       correspondence that[] were [meritorious] and, if raised, could
       have changed the [PCRA] court’s determination of dismissal?

       3. Whether the [PCRA] court erred in [rejecting Appellant’s pro se
       concise statement which Appellant filed after his Grazier hearing
       and after the PCRA court granted his request to proceed as his
       own counsel]?

Appellant’s Brief at 3 (extraneous capitalization omitted).6

       Our standard of review for challenges to the denial and dismissal of

petitions filed pursuant to the PCRA is well-settled.

       We must determine whether the findings of the PCRA court are
       supported by the record and whether the court's legal conclusions
       are free from error. The findings of the PCRA court and the
       evidence of record are viewed in a light most favorable to the
       prevailing party. The PCRA court's credibility determinations,
       when supported by the record, are binding; however, [an
       appellate c]ourt applies a de novo standard of review to the PCRA
       court's legal conclusions.    We must keep in mind that the
____________________________________________

6 Appellant also raised an issue asserting that his sentence was manifestly
excessive. As a freestanding contention, or one which has not been paired
with a claim alleging ineffective assistance of trial counsel, this issue is not
properly before us. Generally, standalone challenges to the discretionary
aspects of sentencing are not cognizable under the PCRA.                    See
Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 934 A.2d 1287, 1289 (Pa. Super. 2007).
Moreover, Appellant previously litigated this issue in his direct appeal. See
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(3) (eligibility for relief conditioned, among other
things, on fact that allegation of error has not been previously litigated);
Ortiz, 2017 WL 2972809, at *5. Finally, Appellant failed to raise this issue
before the PCRA court. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the trial
court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”).
Therefore, we will not review Appellant’s discretionary aspects of sentencing
claim.

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      petitioner has the burden of persuading th[e appellate c]ourt that
      the PCRA court erred and that such error requires relief. Finally,
      th[e appellate c]ourt may affirm a valid judgment or order for any
      reason appearing of record.

Commonwealth v. Montalvo, 205 A.3d 274, 286 (Pa. 2019) (citations

omitted).

      Appellant’s first claims that trial counsel was ineffective for erroneously

advising Appellant not to testify at his jury trial. Appellant’s Brief at 12. We

recently explained:

      Counsel is presumed to have rendered effective assistance. To
      establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a [petitioner]
      must show, by a preponderance of the evidence, ineffective
      assistance of counsel which, in the circumstances of the particular
      case, so undermined the truth-determining process that no
      reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.
      The burden is on the [petitioner] to prove all three of the following
      prongs: (1) the underlying claim is of arguable merit; (2) that
      counsel had no reasonable strategic basis for his or her action or
      inaction; and (3) but for the errors and omissions of counsel, there
      is a reasonable probability that the outcome of the proceedings
      would have been different.

                                 *      *     *

      The decision of whether or not to testify on one’s own behalf is
      ultimately to be made by the [defendant/petitioner] after full
      consultation with counsel. In order to sustain a claim that counsel
      was ineffective for failing to advise the appellant of his rights in
      this regard, the appellant must demonstrate either that counsel
      interfered with his right to testify, or that counsel gave specific
      advice so unreasonable as to vitiate a knowing and intelligent
      decision to testify on his own behalf.

      The appropriate standard for assessing whether a [petitioner] was
      prejudiced by trial counsel’s ineffectiveness regarding the waiver
      of his right to testify is whether the result of the waiver
      proceeding would have been different absent counsel’s
      ineffectiveness, not whether the outcome of the trial itself would
      have been more favorable had the defendant taken the stand.

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Commonwealth v. Washington, 269 A.3d 1255, 1263-1264 (Pa. Super.

2022) (en banc) (emphasis in original) (citations and quotations omitted;

paragraphing edited).

      Appellant argues that trial counsel provided ineffective assistance “by

erroneously advising [Appellant] that i[f] he took the stand, he would be

impeached with his prior criminal record, which included charges of simple

assault and terroristic threats.” Appellant’s Brief at 12. Appellant contends

this advice was unreasonable because prior convictions may only be used to

impeach credibility if such convictions involve dishonesty or false statement.

Id.   Appellant further asserts that trial counsel’s advice was unreasonable

because “Appellant could have easily taken the stand and utilized his Fifth

Amendment [privilege] against self-incrimination to circumvent any questions

presented to him by the Commonwealth related to prior criminal charges.”

Id. at 17.

      The PCRA court determined that Appellant waived his right to testify at

trial based on the advice of trial counsel. See PCRA Court Opinion, 6/7/21,

at 8. The PCRA court credited trial counsel’s testimony regarding his advice

not to testify:

      At the PCRA hearing, [trial counsel] testified that he advised
      [Appellant] not to take the stand in his defense. [Counsel
      testified] that he was concerned that the jury could have learned
      about [Appellant’s] prior record and/or outstanding warrant which
      would have established a motive for [Appellant] to run and/or
      shoot at the police. In the absence of this information, [trial
      counsel] believed the Commonwealth would be unable to establish
      a motive for Appellant’s actions.

                                    -6-
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Id. The PCRA court concluded trial counsel’s advice was well-founded and

part of a reasonable trial strategy. Id.

      Upon review, we conclude the PCRA court’s determinations are

supported by the record.    Trial counsel candidly admitted that he advised

Appellant not to testify because of the potential admissibility of “his prior

record and things involving his prior record[.]” N.T. PCRA Hearing, 3/25/21,

at 10. He specified that his concern involved an outstanding warrant from a

weapons charge in New York. Id. at 11. Counsel believed that, if Appellant

testified, the Commonwealth could confront him with evidence of the New

York warrant and weapons charge as potential “motive[s] for [Appellant] to

either shoot the police or try to flee from the police” that the Commonwealth

otherwise could not establish. Separately, “[i]t seemed like [Appellant] was

with friends on the street corner and was walking away from the police.” Id.

      A conviction and corresponding outstanding arrest warrant may properly

be admitted for the purpose of establishing a motive for Appellant to flee from

and shoot at police officers. See Commonwealth v. Correa, 620 A.2d 497,

503-504 (Pa. Super. 1993) (evidence of arrest, conviction, and active bench

warrant admissible to demonstrate a witness’s motive to avoid the police);

see also Commonwealth v. Johnson, 160 A.3d 127 144 n.16 (Pa. 2017),

citing Pa.R.E. 404(b)(2) (“Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts may be

admitted for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent,

preparation, plan, knowledge, identity or absence of mistake or accident.”)

                                     -7-
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(emphasis added). Thus, the record demonstrates that trial counsel advised

Appellant not to testify based on a correct assessment of the law regarding

the admissibility of Appellant’s outstanding warrant and New York weapons

charge.   Thus, trial counsel’s advice to Appellant was reasonable, and the

record belies Appellant’s claim that counsel’s advice was predicated on

Appellant’s prior convictions for simple assault and terroristic threats.

      Furthermore, Appellant’s argument that he could have taken the stand

but   then    asserted   his   Fifth   Amendment    right   to   “circumvent”   the

Commonwealth’s questions is disingenuous. The law is clear that a defendant

waives his right against self-incrimination by testifying in his own defense.

See In re M.W., 972 A.2d 1213, 1216 (Pa. Super. 2014). “His waiver is not

partial; having once cast aside the cloak of immunity, he may not resume it

at will, whenever cross-examination may be inconvenient or embarrassing.”

Commonwealth v. Molina, 104 A.3d 430, 447 (Pa. 2014), quoting Raffel

v. United States, 271 U.S. 494 (1926). Appellant failed to demonstrate that

trial counsel provided erroneous or unreasonable advice that vitiated

Appellant’s    knowing    and    intelligent   waiver.      Washington,     supra.

Consequently, Appellant’s claim fails.

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       Appellant next challenges PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness. Preliminarily,

we note that Appellant raises this claim for the first time in this appeal.7

Appellant’s Brief at 3.         Recently, our Supreme Court restructured the

procedure by which a PCRA petitioner must assert claims of PCRA counsel’s

ineffectiveness to “allow[] a PCRA petitioner to raise claims of ineffective

assistance of counsel at the first opportunity to do so, even when on appeal.”

Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381, 401 (Pa. 2021). When raised on

appeal, the Court explained:

       In some instances, the record before the appellate court will be
       sufficient to allow for disposition of any newly-raised
       ineffectiveness claims. However, in other cases, the appellate
       court may need to remand to the PCRA court for further
       development of the record and for the PCRA court to consider such
       claims as an initial matter. Consistent with our prior case law, to
       advance a request for remand, a petition would be required to
       provide more than mere boilerplate assertions of PCRA counsel’s
       ineffectiveness; however, where there are material facts at issue
       concerning claims challenging counsel’s stewardship and relief is
       not plainly unavailable as a matter of law, the remand should be
       afforded.

Id. at 402 (quotation marks, brackets, and citation omitted). Accordingly,

appellate courts are empowered to grant or deny relief on straightforward

claims or else remand for further development of the record. Id. at 403. Only

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7 Because we find that claims of PCRA counsel ineffectiveness may be raised
for the first time on appeal pursuant to Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261
A.3d 381 (Pa. 2021), as discussed infra, and such authority allows this Court
to consider Appellant’s pro se concise statement asserting this claim, we need
not address Appellant’s final appellate issue regarding whether the PCRA court
erroneously failed to consider Appellant’s pro se concise statement.

                                           -9-
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by pleading a sufficient factual and legal basis will an appellant be entitled to

remand to substantiate his claim. See Commonwealth v. Parrish, - A.3d -,

2022 WL 124413, at *13-14 (Pa. filed Apr. 28, 2022) (explaining that the

appellant in that case pointed to potential evidence supporting his claim,

provided a colorable argument, and alleged prejudice such that he was

“entitled to a remand to present evidence and argument to substantiate his

claim[.]”).

      Instantly, Appellant argues that his PCRA counsel was ineffective for

failing to raise various issues of trial counsel’s ineffectiveness. Appellant’s

Brief at 19-22.   When raising a layered claim of ineffective assistance of

counsel, a petitioner’s “ineffectiveness claims as to PCRA counsel are derived

from [the] underlying assertion that trial counsel performed deficiently and

PCRA counsel should have raised such issues in the amended PCRA petition[,]

PCRA counsel c[an] only be found ineffective if trial counsel was ineffective.”

Commonwealth v. Crumbley, 270 A.3d 1171, 1180 n.7 (Pa. Super. 2022)

(citation omitted). Thus, a litigant raising a layered claim of ineffectiveness

within the context of collateral review must adequately develop all three

prongs of ineffectiveness for each layer of representation that is the subject

of the challenge. See Parrish, 2022 WL 124413 at *11 n.11.

                                     - 10 -
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       Appellant acknowledged his burden to establish all three prongs of the

ineffectiveness test.     Appellant’s Brief at 19.1.8   Nevertheless, he failed to

plead or prove, with citation to relevant facts or law, any of the three prongs

for either level of his ineffectiveness claim.     See id. at 20.1-22.    Rather,

Appellant baldly stated that PCRA counsel failed to assert the following claim:

       Trial counsel was inef[f]ective for failing to move to suppress gun
       based on fruit of [the] poisonous tree where gun was ultimatel[y]
       obtained from actions deriving from il[l]egal stop and/or detention
       by police officer(s).

Id. at 22.9 Appellant failed to establish there are “issues of material facts”

regarding this claim because he did not aver any facts at all.           Instead,

Appellant solely stated a legal conclusion, without any factual foundation. He

failed to plead any facts from his case within his brief that would support the

determination that an illegal stop or detention occurred and that the gun he

used to point and shoot at the police officers was subject to suppression as

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8 While we note that Appellant’s handwritten pagination within his brief is
unconventional, we attribute its irregularity to his pro se status, and cite to
his pagination for purposes of consistency.

9  Appellant raises additional claims suggesting that PCRA counsel was
ineffective in failing to challenge the performance of trial counsel on additional
grounds within the amended PCRA petition. Appellant, however, failed to
preserve these claims within his pro se concise statement with sufficient
specificity; thus, he waived those claims. See Commonwealth v. Scott, 952
A.2d 1190, 1191 (Pa. Super. 2008) (issues not raised in a Rule 1925(b)
concise statement are waived).

                                          - 11 -
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fruit of the poisonous tree.10 Moreover, Appellant did not explain how he was

prejudiced by trial court’s failure to suppress this evidence.        Likewise,

Appellant omitted discussion of the three ineffectiveness prongs relevant to

PCRA counsel’s action or inaction. See Commonwealth v. Reid, 235 A.3d

1124, 1191 n.35 (Pa. 2020), citing Commonwealth v. Johnson, 985 A.2d

915, 924 (Pa. 2009) (“where an appellate brief fails to provide any discussion

of a claim with citation to relevant authority or fails to develop the issue in

any other meaningful fashion capable of review, that claim is waived.”).

Consequently, we conclude Appellant failed to raise “more than mere

boilerplate assertions of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness” or aver any “material

facts at issue” that merit remand for further development. Bradley, 261 A.3d

at 402. Thus, we determine Appellant’s ineffective assistance claim directed

at PCRA counsel is unavailing.

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10 Assuming arguendo that Appellant addressed all three prongs of a layered
ineffective assistance claim, his contentions nevertheless lack arguable merit.
Appellant’s claim posits that his initial encounter with the police constituted
an illegal detention from which he fled. But even if that were true, Appellant’s
subsequent assault on the officers purged any taint from the initial interaction
and independently gave rise to probable cause for a valid arrest and incidental
search, which yielded a gun. See Commonwealth v. Lynch, 773 A.2d 1240,
1248 n.4 (Pa. Super. 2001) (“a crime witnessed by an officer subsequent to
an improper stop must give rise to probable cause for arrest and for the
admission of evidence”); Commonwealth v. McKiernan, 487 A.2d 7, 10 (Pa.
Super. 1985) (“The law is clear [] that even an unlawful arrest does not excuse
an assault upon an arresting police officer.”).

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Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 6/3/2022

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