Court Opinion

ID: 3146007
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-22 18:12:26.409783+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:09:27.455793
License: Public Domain

ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
                                         Appellate Court

                           Brown v. Delfre, 2012 IL App (2d) 111086

Appellate Court            ALEX BROWN, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ANTHONY D. DELFRE and
Caption                    WEALTH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT GROUP, LLC, Defendants-
                           Appellants (The Players Group, LLC, Defendant).

District & No.             Second District
                           Docket No. 2-11-1086

Rule 23 Order filed        January 26, 2012
Rule 23 Order
withdrawn                  March 29, 2012
Opinion filed              March 29, 2012

Held                       In an action alleging malfeasance in connection with investments plaintiff
(Note: This syllabus       made with defendants, the trial court’s denial of defendants’ motion to
constitutes no part of     compel arbitration was reversed, notwithstanding plaintiff’s contention
the opinion of the court   that the arbitration provision of the parties’ wealth management services
but has been prepared      agreement was not enforceable due to the fact that the agreement
by the Reporter of         provided that arbitration would be conducted under the rules of the
Decisions for the          National Association of Securities Dealers, but NASD would not conduct
convenience of the         the arbitration because neither party was a member of NASD, since the
reader.)
                           agreement required only that NASD rules be used and non-NASD
                           arbitrators could be used; therefore, the cause was remanded with
                           directions to allow arbitration, and if the parties are unable to agree on an
                           arbitral entity, the trial court shall, upon application by any party,
                           designate an arbitrator.
Decision Under             Appeal from the Circuit Court of Lake County, No. 10-L-829; the Hon.
Review                     Margaret J. Mullen, Judge, presiding.

Judgment                   Reversed and remanded with directions.

Counsel on                 Edward M. Kay, Brian J. Riordan, Christopher M. Kahler, and Mark J.
Appeal                     Sobczak, all of Clausen Miller P.C., of Chicago, for appellants.

                           Laurence M. Landsman, of Block & Landsman, and Nicholas P. Iavarone,
                           of Iavarone Law Firm, P.C., both of Chicago, for appellee.

Panel                      PRESIDING JUSTICE JORGENSEN delivered the judgment of the
                           court, with opinion.
                           Justices Bowman and Hutchinson concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                              OPINION

¶1          Plaintiff, Alex Brown, filed a complaint against defendants, Anthony D. Delfre, Wealth
        Capital Management Group, LLC (WCMG), and The Players Group, alleging malfeasance
        relating to investments plaintiff made with defendants. Defendants moved the trial court to
        dismiss the complaint and compel arbitration or, alternatively, to stay the proceedings and
        compel arbitration. On October 20, 2011, the trial court denied defendants’ motion.
        Defendants Delfre and WCMG appeal.1 For the following reasons, we reverse and remand
        the cause.

¶2                                      I. BACKGROUND
¶3          According to the complaint, plaintiff lived in Lake County and played professional
        football for the Chicago Bears. Delfre is a registered securities broker who owns WCMG,
        an Ohio company that provides investment advice. Delfre also owns Players Group, a Utah
        company with its principal office in Ohio. Plaintiff’s trusted financial advisor, Jason
        Jernigan, had a professional relationship with Delfre and, via that relationship, Delfre
        acquired detailed information regarding plaintiff’s investment and financial background.

               1
                Defendant Players Group is not a party to this appeal.

                                                  -2-
     Jernigan and Delfre worked closely together such that, on statements for some of plaintiff’s
     accounts, WCMG was identified as plaintiff’s advisor. Ultimately, in 2009, Delfre and
     plaintiff worked together directly regarding investment opportunities. Delfre met with
     plaintiff at plaintiff’s home and, based upon Delfre’s representations, plaintiff invested
     $750,000 with Players Group. The investment did not prove profitable and, in fact, plaintiff
     alleged that Delfre and Players Group dissipated and misused his investment. Plaintiff’s
     complaint alleged breach of fiduciary duty and violations of the Illinois Consumer Fraud and
     Deceptive Business Practices Act (815 ILCS 505/1 et seq. (West 2008)) and sought an
     accounting and constructive trust. Plaintiff also sought $750,000 in compensatory damages
     and $2.25 million in punitive damages, as well as costs and attorney fees.
¶4       On June 9, 2011, defendants moved pursuant to section 2-619 of the Code of Civil
     Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2010)) to dismiss the complaint and to compel
     arbitration or, alternatively, to stay proceedings pursuant to section 3 of the Federal
     Arbitration Act (Act) (9 U.S.C. § 3 (2010)) and section 2 of the Uniform Arbitration Act
     (710 ILCS 5/2 (West 2010)). Defendants argued that, on April 13, 2009, plaintiff and
     WCMG entered into a wealth management services agreement that states that WCMG would
     serve as plaintiff’s investment advisor and provide investment and financial services. The
     agreement includes the following “governing law” provision:
             “This agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of
         the State of Ohio without giving effect to any of its conflict or choice of law provisions
         ***. WCMG is not a broker/dealer or member of the National Association of Securities
         Dealers, Inc. (NASD) and is not subject to the jurisdiction of the NASD or other self-
         regulatory organization.
             Notwithstanding the forgoing, any dispute or controversy between Client and WCMG
         or any of WCMG’s officers, directors, agents, or employees, arising out of or relating to
         this Agreement or the relationship created hereby, shall be submitted to binding
         arbitration conducted by and according to the securities arbitration rules then in effect
         of the NASD in arbitration proceedings to be conducted in Cleveland, Ohio. Client is
         aware of and by signing this Agreement acknowledges that: (1) arbitration is final and
         binding on the parties; (2) Client and WCMG are waiving their right to seek remedies
         in court, including the right to a jury trial, except to the extent such a waiver would
         violate applicable law; (3) pre-arbitration discovery is generally more limited than and
         different in form and scope from discovery typically available in court proceedings; (4)
         the arbitrators’ award is not required to include factual findings or legal reasoning and
         a party’s right to seek modification or appeal from arbitrators’ rulings is strictly limited;
         and (5) the panel of arbitrators may include arbitrators who were or are affiliated with the
         securities industry. In any arbitrations conducted hereunder, the arbitrators shall award
         the prevailing party, in addition to any other relief that may be awarded, its or their
         reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses (including, but not limited to, fees
         charged by any expert witness).” (Emphases added.)
¶5       After defendants filed their motion, plaintiff wrote to the Financial Industry Regulatory

                                               -3-
       Authority (FINRA) (the successor to NASD),2 inquiring whether it would administer an
       arbitration involving a nonmember entity, such as WCMG. FINRA responded that it would
       administer an arbitration only where at least one party was a FINRA member and that,
       otherwise, it lacked jurisdiction to act. Thus, plaintiff responded to defendants’ motion to
       compel arbitration and argued that: (1) the arbitration provision was void and unenforceable
       because FINRA would not administer the arbitration; and (2) defendants had waived
       arbitration.
¶6         On October 20, 2011, the trial court entered its written order, determining that the
       arbitration provision required that any disputes between the parties to the agreement be
       “conducted by and according to” the rules of NASD/FINRA. Accordingly, the court
       determined, the agreement required the arbitration to be “conducted by” NASD/FINRA and,
       therefore, the designation of NASD/FINRA as arbitrator was an integral part of the
       provision. The court noted that FINRA has specialized knowledge regarding investments and
       securities and that it had refused to arbitrate the instant dispute. Therefore, the court found
       that the arbitration clause was unenforceable, and it denied defendants’ motion to dismiss the
       complaint and to compel arbitration or, alternatively, to stay the proceedings and compel
       arbitration. The court further found that defendants did not waive their right to invoke the
       arbitration provision. Defendants Delfre and WCMG appeal.

¶7                                           II. ANALYSIS
¶8                                       A. Standard of Review
¶9         We address first the proper standard of review. An order denying a motion to compel
       arbitration is injunctive and is appealable pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 307(a)(1)
       (eff. July 6, 2000). See Illinois Concrete-I.C.I., Inc. v. Storefitters, Inc., 397 Ill. App. 3d 798,
       800 (2010). As plaintiff notes, it has been said that, on a Rule 307(a)(1) interlocutory appeal,
       the “sole issue” the appellate court considers is whether there was a “sufficient showing” to
       sustain the trial court’s order denying the motion to compel. Id.
¶ 10       Nevertheless, the standard applied to an interlocutory appeal of a denial of a motion to
       compel arbitration is ultimately dictated by the nature of the issue decided. Peach v. CIM
       Insurance Corp., 352 Ill. App. 3d 691, 694 (2004) (appellate court would consider for an
       abuse of discretion whether there was a sufficient showing in the record to support the trial
       court’s finding that the parties, in fact, enjoyed the relationship required by the arbitration
       agreement, but would consider de novo whether the agreement required such a relationship);
       Caligiuri v. First Colony Life Insurance Co., 318 Ill. App. 3d 793, 800 (2000) (where party
       argued waiver and that, as an agent of a signatory to the agreement, it could compel
       arbitration thereunder, appellate court noted that questions of waiver and agency were factual
       and subject to deference, whereas interpretation of the arbitration agreement itself was a legal
       question subject to de novo review).

               2
                 There is no dispute that FINRA succeeded NASD. Thus, we will in this opinion
       alternatively reference NASD/FINRA or FINRA as appropriate.

                                                   -4-
¶ 11       Thus, where the question on appeal concerns the trial court’s construction of an
       arbitration agreement, the question is one of law that we review de novo. Carr v. Gateway,
       Inc., 241 Ill. 2d 15, 20 (2011) (arbitration agreement is a contract and interpretation thereof
       is question of law reviewed de novo); see also LRN Holding, Inc. v. Windlake Capital
       Advisors, LLC, 409 Ill. App. 3d 1025, 1027 (2011) (applying de novo review to court’s
       decision to grant motion to compel arbitration); Sabo v. Dennis, 408 Ill. App. 3d 619, 626
       (2011) (to the extent decision requires interpreting the arbitration agreement, question is one
       of law reviewed de novo); Peach, 352 Ill. App. 3d at 694 (“review of a trial court’s
       construction of the arbitration agreement states a question of law that is subject to a de novo
       standard”); Caligiuri, 318 Ill. App. 3d at 800 (to the extent motion to compel arbitration is
       denied based on the interpretation of the underlying contract, review is de novo).
¶ 12       Here, we are asked to determine whether the trial court properly concluded that the
       arbitration provision is unenforceable because: (1) it named NASD/FINRA as arbitrator and
       (2) the designation was integral to the agreement. As these questions involve interpretation
       of the agreement, they are legal and will be reviewed de novo.

¶ 13                            B. Applicable Law Favors Arbitration
¶ 14       When considering the issues on appeal we remain mindful that “[i]t is well established
       that agreements to submit to arbitration, as an alternative method of dispute resolution, are
       favored at both the state and federal levels.” QuickClick Loans, LLC v. Russell, 407 Ill. App.
3d 46, 52 (2011). “[T]he decision whether to compel arbitration is not discretionary. Where
       there is a valid arbitration agreement and the parties’ dispute falls within the scope of that
       agreement, arbitration is mandatory and the trial court [unless the agreement is invalid] must
       compel it.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) LRN Holding, 409 Ill. App. 3d at 1027
       (quoting Travis v. American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Co., 335 Ill. App. 3d 1171,
       1175 (2002)).
¶ 15       The Federal Arbitration Act applies to both state and federal courts (QuickClick Loans,
       407 Ill. App. 3d at 52), and it was enacted “to reverse long-standing judicial hostility to
       arbitration agreements and to place arbitration agreements on the same footing as other
       contracts.” Carr, 241 Ill. 2d at 21. The Act reflects a liberal policy in favor of arbitration
       agreements, providing, in section 2 (9 U.S.C. § 2 (2010)), that any written contract (involving
       commerce) evidencing an intent to resolve by arbitration any controversies arising thereunder
       “shall be valid, irrevocable, and enforceable, save upon such grounds as exist at law or in
       equity for the revocation of any contract.” See also 710 ILCS 5/1 (West 2010) (Uniform
       Arbitration Act provision containing almost identical language).
¶ 16       Moreover, section 5 of the Act (9 U.S.C. § 5 (2010)) provides as follows:
               “If in the agreement provision be made for a method of naming or appointing an
           arbitrator or arbitrators or an umpire, such method shall be followed; but if no method
           be provided therein, or if a method be provided and any party thereto shall fail to avail
           himself of such method, or if for any reason there shall be a lapse in the naming of an
           arbitrator or arbitrators or umpire, or in filling a vacancy, then upon the application of
           either party to the controversy the court shall designate and appoint an arbitrator or

                                                 -5-
           arbitrators or umpire, as the case may require, who shall act under the said agreement
           with the same force and effect as if he or they had been specifically named therein ***.”
           (Emphasis added.)
       Accordingly, if the parties have chosen an arbitrator or arbitral forum and that selection
       becomes unavailable, section 5 of the Act permits the trial court to name a substitute or
       replacement arbitral forum. Carr, 241 Ill. 2d at 26. An exception to application of section 5,
       however, exists where the parties’ designated arbitral forum is “integral” to the parties’
       agreement to arbitrate. Id. To determine whether the chosen forum is integral, a court looks
       to the essence of the agreement to assess whether the agreement to arbitrate is the essential
       term or whether the failed term (i.e., the chosen arbitral forum) was as important a
       consideration as the agreement to arbitrate itself. Id. at 22-23. In other words, if the
       agreement to arbitrate and the chosen forum are of equal importance, the chosen forum is
       integral and a new forum may not be substituted. In contrast, “[w]here the designation of an
       arbitral forum is only an ancillary, logistical concern and the primary consideration is the
       intent to arbitrate disputes, allowing a court to appoint a substitute arbitrator fulfills the
       parties’ agreement to arbitrate.” Id. at 26-27.3

¶ 17           C. Arbitration Provision Did Not Name NASD/FINRA as Arbitrator
¶ 18       Here, the questions on appeal are whether the arbitration provision designates
       NASD/FINRA as the arbitral forum and, if it does, whether that designation is so integral to
       the agreement that FINRA’s refusal to conduct the arbitration renders the entire arbitration
       provision unenforceable. The trial court answered both questions in the affirmative. We
       disagree.
¶ 19       Unambiguous contract terms must be afforded their plain and ordinary meaning. Barth
       v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co., 228 Ill. 2d 163, 174 (2008). Our de novo review of the
       parties’ agreement leads us to conclude that the parties chose only the rules that would be
       applied to any arbitration between them, not the forum that would administer the arbitration.
       Again, the arbitration agreement here provides that any dispute between the parties “shall be
       submitted to binding arbitration conducted by and according to the securities arbitration
       rules then in effect of the NASD.” (Emphasis added.) Plaintiff argued, and the trial court
       agreed, that the agreement specifies the arbitral forum because it provides that arbitration will
       be “conducted by *** NASD.” As defendants point out, this construction ignores that the
       terms “conducted by and according to” relate to the immediately following object, i.e.,
       NASD’s “rules.” NASD is not specified in any manner except to specify which rules should
       be applied, i.e., NASD’s rules that are in effect at the time of the arbitration. Plaintiff argues
       that this interpretation renders meaningless the phrase “conducted by.” We disagree. Broken

               3
                 On appeal, defendants cite federal and Ohio law. Plaintiff points out that, because
       defendants relied on Illinois law before the trial court, they have agreed that Illinois law applies. In
       the end, the choice of law does not matter here. The two main legal issues, contract interpretation
       and application of the Act, require the same result regardless of the law applied. We will, however,
       apply Illinois law, as plaintiff urges is appropriate.

                                                     -6-
       down, the agreement’s plain language states that the arbitration will be conducted “by and
       according to” the rules. Which rules? NASD’s.
¶ 20        We further note that contract terms should not be read in isolation. Reading the
       arbitration provision as a whole supports our plain language interpretation. First, if the parties
       contemplated that NASD/FINRA would be the exclusive arbitral forum, there would be no
       need to specify that the arbitration must be conducted by NASD/FINRA’s rules. See, e.g.,
       Carr, 241 Ill. 2d at 29 (discussing the rationale used by the court in Adler v. Dell Inc., No.
       08-cv-13170, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 112204 (E.D. Mich. Dec. 3, 2009), that requiring that
       a specific forum’s rules be used would appear to be surplusage unless another arbitral forum
       could be used). Second, the agreement explicitly states that WCMG is not a member of
       NASD and is not subject to NASD’s jurisdiction. As defendants note, it is absurd to interpret
       the contract as limiting arbitration to a forum unable to administer it. Hot Light Brands,
       L.L.C. v. Harris Realty, Inc., 392 Ill. App. 3d 493, 499 (2009) (contract should not be
       interpreted in a manner so as to render one clause meaningless).
¶ 21        Plaintiff asserts that the chosen rules require application in a FINRA forum and that,
       therefore, the agreement, by selecting the rules, also selected the forum. We reject this
       argument. First, although plaintiff includes, in a separate appendix on appeal, copies of what
       appear to be FINRA rules, those rules were not included in the record before the trial court.
       Keener v. City of Herrin, 235 Ill. 2d 338, 346 (2009) (party may not rely on matters outside
       of the record to support his or her position). Second, the agreement specifies that the rules
       to be applied are those that are in effect at the time of the arbitration, and, therefore, we do
       not know whether the version presented in plaintiff’s appellate brief is, in fact, the version
       that will ultimately be applied to this dispute. Third, we read the rules in plaintiff’s appendix
       (which permit arbitration under FINRA’s code of rules for “any dispute between a customer
       and a member or associate person of a member that is submitted to arbitration under Rule
       12200 or 12201”) not as prohibiting use of the rules outside of a FINRA forum but as
       providing only that, where parties that are FINRA members agree to submit their dispute to
       arbitration under the FINRA code, FINRA’s rules may be applied. Cf. Carr, 241 Ill. 2d at 31
       (citing a National Arbitration Forum (NAF) provision that the NAF code “shall be
       administered only by the [NAF]” (emphasis added and internal quotation marks omitted)).
¶ 22        Accordingly, we conclude that the arbitration provision selected only the rules to be
       applied in the event of an arbitration, not the arbitral forum that would conduct the
       arbitration. Because we conclude that the arbitration provision did not select an arbitration
       forum, the trial court erred in finding that, because FINRA declined to arbitrate, the
       arbitration provision is unenforceable. While our inquiry could end there, we note that, even
       if the agreement did select NASD/FINRA as arbitrator, that designation was not integral to
       the agreement and, therefore, the overarching agreement to arbitrate remains enforceable.
¶ 23        Even where parties explicitly specify in their arbitration agreement both an arbitral
       service to handle arbitration and the rules to be applied, that fact does not, standing alone,
       make the forum designation integral to the agreement. Id. at 30. If that were the case, the
       Carr court noted, then section 5 of the Act (permitting appointment of a substitute arbitrator
       when the selected one becomes unavailable) would not apply in any case where the specified
       arbitrator becomes unwilling or unable to handle the arbitration. Id. Thus, “the mere

                                                  -7-
       designation of particular rules to govern an arbitration will not prevent the naming of a
       substitute arbitrator under section 5.” Id. at 31. Again, to determine whether the designation
       of the forum is integral or whether a substitute forum may be appointed via section 5 of the
       Act, a court must review the agreement to determine whether the overarching purpose was
       to submit to arbitration or whether the chosen arbitral forum was as important a consideration
       as the agreement to arbitrate itself. The following cases prove instructive.
¶ 24       In Carr, the provision at issue provided that any dispute “will be resolved exclusively and
       finally by arbitration administered by the National Arbitration Forum (NAF) and conducted
       under its rules.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. at 20. Further, the agreement
       provided, “[s]hould either party bring a dispute in a forum other than NAF, the arbitrator may
       award the other party its reasonable costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred
       in staying or dismissing such other proceedings or in otherwise enforcing compliance with
       this dispute resolution provision.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. The supreme court
       looked to the agreement as a whole and determined that, because it provided that NAF would
       be the “exclusive” administrator of the arbitration and included a penalty provision for
       bringing a dispute in a forum other than NAF, the chosen arbitral forum was integral to the
       agreement. Id. at 33. Accordingly, where NAF had declined to arbitrate and it was integral
       to the agreement, the trial court could not substitute an arbitrator under section 5 of the Act.
       Id. Thus, the arbitration provision was unenforceable.
¶ 25       Similarly, in QuickClick Loans, the arbitration agreement contained a specific provision
       entitled “Choosing the Administrator,” which provided that “the party requiring arbitration
       must choose one of the following arbitration organizations as the Administrator: American
       Arbitration Association (AAA) *** or National Arbitration Forum (NAF) ***. *** If for any
       reason the chosen organization is unable or unwilling or ceases to serve as the Administrator,
       the party requiring arbitration will have 20 days to choose a different Administrator
       consistent with the requirements of this Arbitration Agreement.” (Internal quotation marks
       omitted.) QuickClick Loans, 407 Ill. App. 3d at 48. Ultimately, both AAA and NAF became
       unavailable forums. The court determined that the plain language of the agreement provided
       that, if the chosen forum was unavailable, a new one could be selected only in a manner
       consistent with the agreement’s requirements, and, because the agreement exclusively
       designated AAA and NAF as the only administrators that could be chosen, the selection of
       the arbitral forum was integral to the agreement. Id. at 53-54. Thus, section 5 could not be
       used to appoint an alternative forum, and the provision was rendered unenforceable. Id.
¶ 26       In contrast, in a case discussed by our supreme court in Carr, the Ninth Circuit Court of
       Appeals, in Reddam v. KPMG LLP, 457 F.3d 1054 (9th Cir. 2006), considered an arbitration
       agreement similar to that presented here. Specifically, the agreement at issue provided that
       all controversies between the parties would be determined by arbitration and that “[a]ny
       arbitration under this agreement shall be determined pursuant to the rules then in effect of
       the [NASD], as the undersigned you may elect. If the undersigned fails to make such
       election, then you may make such election.” Id. at 1057. Ultimately, NASD refused
       jurisdiction over the arbitration because no party was an NASD member, and the
       district court refused to appoint a substitute arbitrator under section 5 of the Act. Id. The
       appellate court disagreed, concluding first that the agreement did not reflect a choice of

                                                 -8-
       forum; rather, it reflected choice of NASD rules. It did “not state that the arbitration is to take
       place before the NASD itself. Had the latter been intended, the parties could easily have said
       so.” (Emphasis in original.) Id. at 1059. The court noted that, by selecting NASD rules, the
       parties likely at least considered or implicitly expected that NASD would be a proper forum,
       but that, ultimately, it did not matter because, even if the clause constituted a choice-of-
       forum clause, it was not integral to the agreement. Id. at 1060. The court found no evidence
       that the choice was integral such that, upon NASD’s unavailability, the entire agreement
       became unenforceable, particularly given that “there was not even an express statement that
       the NASD would be the arbitrator.” Id. “Something more direct is required before we, in
       effect, annihilate an arbitration agreement.” Id.
¶ 27       We find this case more like Reddam than Carr or QuickClick Loans. Nothing in this
       agreement evidences that the choice of NASD/FINRA was so integral to the agreement that
       the agreement to arbitrate would be void if FINRA declined jurisdiction. Again, the
       agreement here did not provide for both a choice of law and a choice of arbitrator, or that
       NASD/FINRA would be the “exclusive” arbitrator, or that there would be a penalty if a party
       sought arbitration before a non-FINRA entity. Like in Reddam, the agreement did not even
       expressly state that FINRA would be the arbitrator. The provision, read as a whole, evidences
       that the parties’ primary intent was to arbitrate their disputes. Indeed, the provision lists with
       detail the differences between arbitration and court proceedings, the rights to recover costs
       and fees, and the location where the arbitration would take place. Therefore, because the
       agreement does not reflect that FINRA was named as arbitrator or, if it was, that the
       designation was integral to the agreement, we cannot conclude that FINRA’s unavailability
       renders the agreement unenforceable.
¶ 28       We further note that we disagree with plaintiff’s assertion that the designation of FINRA
       rules reflects that the parties contemplated that any arbitration would require specialized
       financial or investment expertise and that, therefore, designating FINRA as arbitrator was
       integral to the agreement. First, the agreement does not designate FINRA, only its rules.
       Second, plaintiff has not established on appeal that FINRA’s rules cannot be followed by
       another neutral arbitrator.4 Again, FINRA’s rules are not in the record before us, but even if
       there are technicalities (such as, as plaintiff notes, various computer databases) that are
       available to FINRA but are not available to other arbitration administrators, we cannot say

               4
                 We note again that, in Carr, the NAF arbitration rules expressly provided that they could
       be administered only by NAF itself. The court noted that this explicit restriction further favored a
       finding that the designation of NAF and its rules was integral to the agreement. Carr, 241 Ill. 2d at
       31-32. The court noted, however, that neither party indicated whether, once NAF became
       unavailable, an arbitrator could be appointed who would be allowed to conduct an arbitration under
       NAF’s rules and that, therefore, it would be speculation for the court to make any finding concerning
       the ability of a substitute arbitrator to use NAF rules. Id. at 32. Here, the rules are not before us and
       they do not, as plaintiff represents them, appear to explicitly restrict their application to arbitrations
       conducted by FINRA. Thus, it would be speculative for us to assume, as plaintiff urges, that a
       substitute arbitrator could not apply FINRA rules.

                                                     -9-
       that those technicalities trump the overall agreement to arbitrate.5 Third, the agreement here
       acknowledges that “the panel of arbitrators may include arbitrators who were or are affiliated
       with the securities industry.” (Emphasis in original.) In our view, this provision contemplates
       that arbitrators who are not affiliated with the securities industry, i.e., non-FINRA arbitrators,
       may also be used.
¶ 29        In sum, the trial court erred in finding the arbitration agreement unenforceable and in
       denying defendants’ motion to compel arbitration and to dismiss the complaint or,
       alternatively, stay the proceedings. We note that, when a motion to compel is granted, the
       case is not automatically transferred to an arbitrator; rather, the matter is simply stayed in the
       trial court, and if the party who lost on the motion to compel still wishes to pursue his or her
       claim, it is responsible to file for arbitration. See 710 ILCS 5/2(d) (West 2008) (“Any action
       or proceeding involving an issue subject to arbitration shall be stayed if an order for
       arbitration or an application therefor has been made under this section ***. *** [T]he order
       for arbitration shall include such stay.” (Emphasis added.)); Jensen v. Quik International,
       213 Ill. 2d 119, 123-24 (2004) (if arbitration appropriate, a stay under section 3 of the Act
       is mandatory); Jackson v. Payday Loan Store of Illinois, Inc., No. 09 C 4189, 2010 U.S. Dist.
       LEXIS 25266, at *14 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 17, 2010) (granting motion to compel arbitration and
       staying proceedings pending the outcome of any action in arbitration brought by the
       plaintiffs). Thus, the trial court’s judgment denying the motion to compel arbitration is
       reversed. The cause is remanded for the court to allow arbitration and to stay the proceedings
       pending the outcome of any arbitration brought by plaintiff. If plaintiff wishes to pursue
       arbitration and the parties cannot agree on an arbitral entity, the trial court shall, upon
       application by any party and pursuant to section 5 of the Act, designate or appoint one.

¶ 30                                  III. CONCLUSION
¶ 31      For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Lake County is reversed
       and the cause is remanded with directions.

¶ 32       Reversed and remanded with directions.

               5
                 In a similar vein, plaintiff suggests that FINRA rules require use of a FINRA arbitrator and
       that, because FINRA will not conduct the arbitration, the rule requiring a FINRA arbitrator cannot
       be complied with and, therefore, the agreement is unenforceable. Again, the rules are not properly
       before us; accordingly, there is no basis in the record for plaintiff’s assertion. Further, plaintiff has
       not provided any evidence that FINRA arbitrators may not arbitrate outside the FINRA forum. For
       example, it is theoretically possible that, if FINRA arbitrators are independent contractors, one may
       be hired to conduct an arbitration hearing even where FINRA, as an entity, does not have jurisdiction
       over the dispute.

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