Court Opinion

ID: 162285
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-08-14 07:30:39+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:03:08.666894
License: Public Domain

F I L E D
                                                                    United States Court of Appeals
                                                                            Tenth Circuit

                                                                           MAY 24 2002
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                                 TENTH CIRCUIT                         PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                Clerk

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

               Plaintiff - Appellee,

          v.                                              No. 01-1371
                                                    (D. C. Nos. 99-D-2213,
 TONY LEONARD CARVER,                                  96-CR-460-1-D)
                                                         (D. Colorado)
               Defendant - Appellant.

                            ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before TACHA, Chief Circuit Judge, EBEL, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.

      After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge panel

has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material

assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th

Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

      Pro se defendant Tony Carver seeks a certificate of appealability to pursue

his appeal of the district court’s denial of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus

      *
       This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. This court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255.

      Mr. Carver pleaded guilty in federal district court to one count of

distributing and possession with intent to distribute less than five grams of crack

cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 841(b)(1)(C). The district

court sentenced him to 151 months’ incarceration, and we upheld the sentence on

direct appeal. United States v. Carver, 160 F.3d 1266 (10th Cir. 1998). He then

filed a motion for postconviction relief, asking the district court to vacate his

sentence on several grounds. The district court denied his motion, and denied his

subsequent motion for a certificate of appealability.

      Mr. Carver now appeals the district court’s decision, seeking a certificate

of appealability. He argues that his constitutional rights to equal protection and

due process were violated by an alleged breach of the plea agreement, and that he

received ineffective assistance of counsel. In determining whether to grant a

certificate of appealability, we examine whether he has made a substantial

showing of the denial of a constitutional right. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). “Where a

district court has rejected the constitutional claims on the merits, the showing

required to satisfy § 2253(c) is straightforward: The petitioner must demonstrate

that reasonable jurists would find the district court’s assessment of the

constitutional claims debatable or wrong.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484

(2000).

                                         -2-
      The defendant signed a plea agreement that contained apparently

contradictory language about the drug quantity. It states that he pleads guilty to

one count of possession of less than five grams of crack cocaine with intent to

distribute, but it also indicates that the recommended sentence of 151 months is

based on an amount of 118 grams. At sentencing, the district court found by a

preponderance of the evidence that Mr. Carver’s offense involved 118 grams.

      Mr. Carver challenges the district court’s consideration of the uncharged

quantity as a violation of the plea agreement and a violation of Apprendi v. New

Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000). The district court rejected his claim. The 118.2

gram quantity was reflected in the plea agreement, and could be considered for

sentencing even if it were not charged in the indictment. United States v.

Hishaw, 235 F.3d 565, 577 (10th Cir. 2000) (“[A]s long as the defendant’s

sentence falls within the maximum established by statute, Apprendi does not

foreclose consideration of drug quantities beyond the offense of conviction.”).

The Apprendi rule does not apply to sentencing factors that increase a defendant’s

guideline range but do not increase the statutory maximum. United States v.

Sullivan, 255 F.3d 1256, 1265 (10th Cir. 2001). Mr. Carver’s sentence of 151

months falls within the 20 year statutory maximum under § 841(b)(1)(C). We

therefore find no constitutional violation.

      Mr. Carver also argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel.

                                         -3-
A defendant challenging a guilty plea on the grounds of ineffective assistance of

counsel must show that counsel’s advice was not “within the range of competence

demanded of attorneys in criminal cases” and that “there is a reasonable

probability that, but for counsel’s errors, [defendant] would not have pleaded

guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.”   Hill v. Lockhart , 474 U.S. 52,

57, 59 (1985). Mr. Carver alleges that counsel was ineffective in failing to object

to the court’s finding of the 118 gram quantity of crack cocaine by only a

preponderance of the evidence. We already found that the district court did not

err in finding the drug quantity by a preponderance of the evidence. Moreover,

Mr. Carver was informed at sentencing that he would receive a minimum of 151

months’ imprisonment, and he voluntarily decided to plead guilty.

       Mr. Carver has failed to raise a constitutional claim debatable by

reasonable jurists. Mr. Carver’s request for a certificate of appealability is

therefore DENIED and the appeal is DISMISSED.

                                          ENTERED FOR THE COURT,

                                          Deanell Reece Tacha
                                          Chief Circuit Judge

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