Court Opinion

ID: 4123926
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-02-07 18:11:48.145337+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:28:12.089493
License: Public Domain

J-S95016-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: S.S. , A MINOR             IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                     PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: S.S., MOTHER

                                                    No. 2823 EDA 2016

               Appeal from the Order Entered July 27, 2016
           In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
             Family Court at No(s): CP-51-DP-0001435-2016

BEFORE: STABILE, J., MOULTON, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MOULTON, J.:                     FILED FEBRUARY 07, 2017

     S.S. (“Mother”) appeals from the July 27, 2016 order entered in the

Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas finding her daughter, S.S.

(“Child”), dependent. We affirm.

     On March 18, 2016, Master Caitlin Shuler heard a truancy matter

regarding Child.   Master Shuler ordered that the family receive truancy

prevention services and that DHS file a dependency petition regarding Child.

On July 11, 2016, DHS filed a dependency petition.        Following a July 27,

2016 adjudicatory hearing, the trial court found Child dependent. It found

custody of Child would transfer to Mother, but that the community umbrella

agency (“CUA”) would make a referral for on-ground school placement.

Order, 7/27/16. Mother filed a timely notice of appeal.

     Mother raises the following issue on appeal:
J-S95016-16

           1. Did the Department of Human Services (DHS) sustain
           the burden that child should be adjudicated dependent?

Mother’s Br. at 4. Mother argues the evidence did not establish that Child

had been neglected and there was no indication Mother had drug or alcohol

issues. She further argues the evidence established only that other children

in the home had truancy issues, and the mere fact that the home was a one-

bedroom residence was insufficient to adjudicate Child dependent.1

       The Pennsylvania Supreme Court recently set forth our standard of

review in a dependency case as follows:

           The standard of review in dependency cases requires an
           appellate court to accept findings of fact and credibility
           determinations of the trial court if they are supported by
           the record, but does not require the appellate court to
           accept the lower court’s inferences or conclusions of law.
           We review for abuse of discretion[.]

In Interest of: L.Z., 111 A.3d 1164, 1174 (Pa. 2015) (internal citation and

quotation marks omitted). As the Court has also stated:

           [U]nlike trial courts, appellate courts are not equipped to
           make the fact-specific determinations on a cold record,
           where the trial judges are observing the parties during the
           relevant hearing and often presiding over numerous other
           hearings regarding the child and parents. [In re R.J.T., 9
           A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010)]. Therefore, even where the
           facts could support an opposite result, as is often the case
____________________________________________

       1
        Mother also argues the trial court should have sought evidence from
objective, disinterested witnesses. Mother’s Br. at 9. The trial court,
however, heard testimony from the DHS and CUA caseworkers, both of
whom were objective, disinterested witnesses. See In re C.M.T., 861 A.2d
348, 356 (Pa.Super. 2004) (noting “‘judge should receive, and if necessary
should seek out, evidence from objective, disinterested witnesses,’ e.g.,
neighbors, teachers, social workers, and psychological experts.”).

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           in dependency and termination cases, an appellate court
           must resist the urge to second guess the trial court and
           impose its own credibility determinations and judgment;
           instead we must defer to the trial judges so long as the
           factual findings are supported by the record and the
           court’s legal conclusions are not the result of an error of
           law or an abuse of discretion.       In re Adoption of
           Atencio, [] 650 A.2d 1064, 1066 ([Pa.] 1994).

In re Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817, 826-27 (Pa. 2012).

      Section 6302 of the Juvenile Act defines a “dependent child” as:

           A child who:

           (1) is without proper parental care or control, subsistence,
           education as required by law, or other care or control
           necessary for his physical, mental, or emotional health, or
           morals. A determination that there is a lack of proper
           parental care or control may be based upon evidence of
           conduct by the parent, guardian or other custodian that
           places the health, safety or welfare of the child at risk[.]

                                       ...

           (5) while subject to compulsory school attendance is
           habitually and without justification truant from school[.]

42 Pa.C.S. § 6302.

      In In re G., T., this Court further explained the definition of

“dependent child” where the child is lacking proper parental care and

control:

           The question of whether a child is lacking proper parental
           care or control so as to be a dependent child encompasses
           two discrete questions: whether the child presently is
           without proper parental care and control, and if so,
           whether such care and control are immediately available.

845 A.2d 870, 872 (Pa.Super. 2004) (internal quotations and citations

omitted); see also In re J.C., 5 A.3d 284, 289 (Pa.Super. 2010).

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Additionally, “[t]he burden of proof in a dependency proceeding is on the

petitioner to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that a child

meets that statutory definition of dependency.” In re G., T., 845 A.2d at

872.

       Here, the trial court found by clear and convincing evidence that Child

was dependent pursuant to 23 Pa. C.S.A. § §6302(1) and (5). The Court

found:

         The record demonstrates that the Child while subject to
         compulsory school attendance has been habitually and
         without justification truant from school.        The DHS
         Supervisor testified at the hearing that Child was truant in
         years 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. (N.T. 07/27/2016,
         p.4, lines 15 -16). The DHS Supervisor also testified that
         Child had 34 unexcused absences, 2 excused absences,
         and was tardy 88 times during the 2015/2016 school year.
         (N.T. 07/27/2016, p. 4, lines 8-9).        The record also
         demonstrates that the Child should be adjudicated
         dependent based upon present inability.           The DHS
         Supervisor testified that the Mother had mental health
         issues. (N.T. 07/27/2016, p. 17 lines 11 -17). Child lives
         with her pregnant Mother, Grandmother, and four siblings
         in a one bedroom unit. (N.T. 07/27/2016 p. 7 lines 12 -
         25). (N.T. 07/27/2016 p. 8 lines 1 -18). Counsel for the
         DHS testified that the Child’s other siblings were
         adjudicated dependent. (N.T. 07/27/2016 p. 11, lines 19 -
         24). The DHS Supervisor also testified that the Child’s
         other siblings were truant. (N.T. 07/27/2016, p. 5, lines
         18 -21).

Opinion, 9/21/16, at 3 (“1925(a) Op.”).

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       The trial court’s conclusions are supported by the record.      The trial

court heard testimony2 from DHS Supervisor Renato Minard regarding

Child’s truancy, not only for the current school year, but dating back to the

2012-2013 school year.          N.T., 7/27/16, at 4-5.   Minard also stated that

Mother had a mental health history and needed to be reconnected to mental

health professionals. Id. at 17. The trial court also heard testimony from

CUA case manager Steven Gardner regarding Child’s living situation.

Gardner testified that Child, and her four, soon-to-be six, siblings lived with

Mother and Grandmother in a one-bedroom Philadelphia Housing Authority

(“PHA”) apartment. Id. at 7. The children slept in three queen beds. Id. at

10.3 Gardner had started a housing application for Mother to help her attain

housing closer to Child’s school.4 Id. at 13.

       Although the trial court heard testimony that Child’s siblings also were

adjudicated dependent, that was not the sole basis of the court’s findings.

Rather, the trial court noted Child’s truancy and Mother’s mental health

history, and the trial court was concerned that Child and her soon-to-be six

____________________________________________

       2
       Mother was unable to attend the dependency hearing because she
was pregnant with twins and expected to give birth “any minute.” N.T.,
7/27/16, at 5.
       3
        Minard testified that DHS had a hard time finding Mother because
she had moved residences during the eight months of DHS involvement.
N.T., 7/27/16, at 13.
       4
           Mother had been driving Child to school. N.T., 7/27/16, at 16.

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siblings resided with her Mother and Grandmother in Grandmother’s one-

bedroom PHA apartment, and believed that PHA would have concerns if it

learned of the living situation. 1925(a) Op. at 3; N.T., 7/27/16, at 19. We

conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding Child

dependent.

     Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/7/2017

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