Court Opinion

ID: 4269703
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-04-25 09:07:50.529554+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:05:36.443927
License: Public Domain

STATE OF MICHIGAN

                          COURT OF APPEALS

PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                 UNPUBLISHED
                                                                 April 24, 2018
              Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                No. 329849
                                                                 Wayne Circuit Court
YASMEEN JASMILLA TAYLOR,                                         LC No. 15-002737-01-FC

              Defendant-Appellant.

                                        ON REMAND

Before: STEPHENS, P.J., and SERVITTO and SHAPIRO, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

       On March 7, 2017, this Court issued an opinion affirming defendant’s convictions, but
remanding for further sentencing proceedings pursuant to this Court’s decision in People v
Steanhouse, 313 Mich App 1; 880 NW2d 297 (2015) (“Steanhouse I”), aff’d in part, rev’d in part
500 Mich 453 (2017).1 On October 31, 2017, our Supreme Court entered an order reversing
“that part of the judgment of the Court of Appeals remanding this case to the trial court for
proportionality review and for a hearing pursuant to People v Lockridge, 498 Mich 358 (2015),
and United States v Crosby, 397 F3d 103 (CA 2, 2005).” People v Taylor, 501 Mich 906; 902
NW2d 881 (2017). The Supreme Court remanded the case “to the Court of Appeals for plenary
review of the defendant’s claim that her sentence for second-degree murder was disproportionate
under the standard set forth in People v Milbourn, 435 Mich 630, 636 (1990). See People v
Steanhouse, 500 Mich 453, 460-461 (2017) [(“Steanhouse II”)].” Id. On remand, we again
remand to the trial court for resentencing.

                       I. FACTS AND APPELLATE PROCEEDINGS

     Defendant, Yasmeen Jasmilla Taylor, was convicted by a jury of “second-degree murder,
MCL 750.317, assault with intent to murder [(AWIM)], MCL 750.83, and possession of a

1
 People v Taylor, unpublished per curiam opinion of the Court of Appeals, issued March 7,
2017 (Docket No. 329849).

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firearm during the commission of a felony (felony-firearm), MCL 750.227b.” Taylor, unpub op
at 1. This Court described the incident that gave rise to these convictions in its prior opinion:

                This case arises from the death of Marquez Douglas (Douglas), and the
       assault of Latoya Johnson. Defendant, who testified at trial, offered a defense of
       alibi and denied being present at the crime scene or in the state on the day of the
       offense. In contrast, the prosecution presented the testimony of Johnson. Johnson
       testified that on February 13, 2015, she, her children, brother Milton, and
       [Douglas] lived at the house of Alicia Johnson, her mother, located at Teppert
       [S]treet, in Detroit. [Johnson] testified that Douglas returned home around 5:50
       a.m. accompanied by defendant whom she had seen previously. Johnson
       overheard conversational exchanges between defendant and Douglas both of
       whom were in Douglas’s bedroom. At some point, the conversation and laughter
       were replaced by about 15 minutes of silence that ended with a single gunshot.
       As she was seeking cover, Johnson heard approximately five more gunshots.
       Minutes later, defendant entered the room where Johnson was hiding, and despite
       her pleading[,] shot her. Johnson called 911, and she then went to the living
       room. She saw Douglas on the floor of the living room. Douglas had a pulse, but
       he was not responsive. She testified that Douglas “was shot above the chest on
       his left side and on his stomach on his left side.” When the police arrived,
       Johnson gave them a statement. Eventually, defendant was apprehended in
       Huntington, West Virginia[.] [Id. at 1.]

        The sentencing guidelines recommended a minimum sentence range of 225 to 375
months. The trial court departed from this range and sentenced defendant to “39 to 55 years’
imprisonment for the second-degree murder conviction, 20 to 30 years’ imprisonment for the
assault with intent to murder conviction, and two years’ imprisonment for the felony-firearm
conviction.” Taylor, unpub op at 1 (Docket No. 329849). The trial court explained its rationale
in a written sentencing memorandum from which it read from at sentencing:

               This court has taken into account the sentencing guideline minimum range
       of 225 to 375 months. This guideline minimum range, however, does not fully
       reflect the brutality and heartlessness of Ms. Taylor’s attack on Mr. Douglas and
       Ms. Johnson. The testimony was clear that Ms. Taylor shot Mr. Douglas once,
       paused, then proceeded to pump three to four more rounds into him. The
       testimony of both Ms. Johnson and the medical examiner support that Ms. Taylor
       shot Mr. Douglas multiple times. The defendant then proceeded into Ms.
       Johnson’s bedroom and, while Ms. Johnson pled for her life, aimed the gun at Ms.
       Johnson’s head and pulled the trigger. She then fled the scene and ultimately the
       state, ending up in West Virginia. Her testimony at trial – from her denial of the
       phone records to her denial of even being in the state – was fantastical and utterly
       unconvincing.

              Given the excessively violent nature of Ms. Taylor’s fatal assault of Mr.
       Douglas, and her coldblooded firing of a gun at Ms. Johnson’s head, as well as the
       evidence presented at trial that clearly established Ms. Taylor’s guilt, this court
       sentences the defendant as follows:

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               1. On the felony firearm count – two years . . . ;

               2. On Count 1 – Homicide – Murder, Second Degree, 39 to 55 years . . . ;

              3. On Count 2 – [AWIM], 20 to 30 years . . . to run concurrent with the
       sentence on Count 1, Murder, Second Degree.

The trial court highlighted the fact that the deceased was shot multiple times with a pause before
a second series of shots were fired, and that the survivor begged for her life before she too was
fired upon.

        On appeal, defendant raised two issues: (1) that the trial court abused its discretion by
failing to dismiss a particular juror for cause, and (2) that the trial court’s sentence for second-
degree murder was unreasonable. Taylor, unpub op at 3-6. This Court rejected the first
argument, finding that defendant “failed to carry her burden to demonstrate that juror H was
either biased or incompetent.” Id. at 4. With regard to the sentencing question, this Court relied
on Steanhouse I to conclude that, “despite the trial court’s extensive explanation for its upward
departure, a remand to the trial court is necessary for the trial court to consider the principle of
proportionality.” Id. at 6. Because a remand was necessary under Steanhouse I, this Court
declined to “reach [defendant’s] arguments concerning the unreasonableness of her sentence.”
Id.

       The defendant filed an application for leave to appeal in the Supreme Court and the
prosecutor filed a cross-application for leave to appeal. On October 31, 2017, our Supreme
Court entered an order stating, in relevant part:

       [T]he application for leave to appeal . . . and the application for leave to appeal as
       cross-appellant are considered and, pursuant to MCR 7.305(H)(1), in lieu of
       granting leave to appeal. we REVERSE that part of the judgment of the Court of
       Appeals remanding this case to the trial court for proportionality review and for a
       hearing pursuant to People v Lockridge, 498 Mich 358 (2015), and United States
       v Crosby, 397 F3d 103 (CA 2, 2005). We REMAND this case to the Court of
       Appeals for plenary review of the defendant’s claim that her sentence for second-
       degree murder was disproportionate under the standard set forth in People v
       Milbourn, 435 Mich 630, 636 (1990). See [Steanhouse II, 500 Mich at 460-461].
       In all other respects, the applications for leave to appeal are DENIED, because we
       are not persuaded that the remaining questions presented should be reviewed by
       this Court. [Taylor, ___ Mich ___; 902 NW2d 881.]

      As this Court recently explained in People v Dixon-Bey, 321 Mich App 490; ___ NW2d
___ (Docket No. 331499, September 26, 2017), lv pending:

               Because the guidelines embody the principle of proportionality and trial
       courts must consult them when sentencing, it follows that they continue to serve
       as a ‘useful tool’ or ‘guideposts’ for effectively combating disparity in sentencing.
       Therefore, relevant factors for determining whether a departure sentence is more
       proportionate than a sentence within the guidelines range continue to include (1)
       whether the guidelines accurately reflect the seriousness of the crime, People v
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       Houston, 448 Mich 312, 321-322; 532 NW2d 508 (1995), see also Milbourn, 435
       Mich at 657, (2) factors not considered by the guidelines, Houston, 448 Mich at
       322-324, see also Milbourn, 435 Mich at 660, and (3) factors considered by the
       guidelines but given inadequate weight, Houston, 448 Mich at 324-325, see also
       Milbourn, 435 Mich at 660 n 27. [Dixon-Bey, 321 Mich App at ___; slip op at
       18-19.]

       This Court granted leave to file supplemental briefs to address Dixon-Bey and other cases
released since the initial briefing.

                                       II. RESENTENCING

        The essence of the prosecutor’s argument is that Dixon-Bey was erroneously decided.
Specifically, that Dixon-Bey takes the wrong approach, and is inconsistent with Lockridge and
Steanhouse II. Dixon-Bey, the prosecutor asserts, erroneously focused on the basis for departure,
rather than the proportionality of the overall sentence, making the guidelines quasi-mandatory.
According to the prosecutor, Dixon-Bey comes “perilously close to treating the guidelines as
quasi-mandatory,” and “creates a presumption that a sentence outside the guidelines range is
disproportionate” by requiring trial courts to show that a departure sentence is more reasonable
and proportionate than a guidelines sentence. While acknowledging that Dixon-Bey is binding
authority, see MCR 7.215(C)(2) and (J)(1), the prosecutor urges this Court to disregard Dixon-
Bey’s mode of analysis. The prosecutor’s position is that the trial court did nor err in
resentencing because it is entirely permissible to depart for reasons already considered when the
trial court scores the PRVs and OVs.

       The defendant vigorously argues that Dixon-Bey mandates resentencing in this case
because the trial court failed to consider any mitigating factors such as the defendant’s
educational attainment and most importantly failed to justify the extent of the departure in any
meaningful way.

                                  A. STANDARD OF REVIEW

       “A sentence that departs from the applicable guidelines range will be reviewed by an
appellate court for reasonableness.” People v Lockridge, 498 Mich 358, 392; 870 NW2d 502
(2015). “[T]he standard of review to be applied by appellate courts reviewing a sentence for
reasonableness on appeal is an abuse of discretion. Steanhouse II, 500 Mich at 471.

                                          B. ANALYSIS

       We agree that the trial court erred in its re-sentencing on remand in two ways: basing the
departure on “excessive brutality” and failing to articulate its analysis or reasons for the extent of
the departure.

        The trial court’s sentencing memorandum described the murder as “excessively violent.”
Yet, just as was the case in Dixon-Bey, the trial court did not assign any points to OV 7. OV 7
addresses the issue of excessive brutality. This point was made in this Court’s recent decision in
Steanhouse III, ___ Mich App at ___; slip op at 4:

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               A trial court must score OV 7 at 50 points if the offender treated the
       victim with “excessive brutality.” MCL 777.37(1)(a). For the purpose of OV 7,
       excessive brutality requires savagery or cruelty beyond the usual brutality of the
       crime. People v Glenn, 295 Mich App 529, 533; 814 NW2d 686 (2012), rev’d on
       other grounds by People v Hardy, 494 Mich 430; 835 NW2d 340 (2013). Here,
       the trial court expressly stated that scoring OV 7 was not appropriate because
       although the facts were “horrendous” they were not “indicative of something that
       would be beyond the convicted offense, beyond what’s necessary for assault with
       intent to murder.” We conclude that, having determined that the facts of this case
       only encompassed the usual brutality of an assault with intent to murder, the trial
       court’s later decision to use the brutality of the crime to support an upward
       departure was not a valid consideration.

         Additionally the trial court did not state the basis for the extent of the departure, which as
noted before was significant. It is incumbent on the trial court to not only state the reasons why
it is proper to depart from the sentencing guidelines, but to explain why the extent of the chosen
departure is proportionate to the offense and the offender. Dixon-Bey, ___ Mich App at ___; slip
op at 19, quoting People v Smith, 482 Mich 292, 311; 754 NW2d 284 (2008) (noting that the trial
court’s sentencing decision must “ ‘include[] an explanation of why the sentence imposed is
more proportionate to the offense and the offender than a different sentence would have been[.]’
”). As our Supreme Court explained in Smith, 482 Mich at 304:

                Appellate courts are obliged to review the trial court’s determination that a
       reason exists for departure. Accordingly, the trial court’s justification “must be
       sufficient to allow for effective appellate review.” In [People v Babcock, 469
       Mich 247, 258-259; 666 NW2d 231 (2003)], this Court explained that an
       appellate court cannot conclude that a particular . . . reason for departure existed
       when the trial court failed to articulate that reason. Similarly, if it is unclear why
       the trial court made a particular departure, an appellate court cannot substitute its
       own judgment about why the departure was justified. A sentence cannot be
       upheld when the connection between the reasons given for the departure and the
       extent of the departure is unclear. When departing, the trial court must explain
       why the sentence imposed is more proportionate than a sentence within the
       guidelines recommendation would have been.

        Or, as Milbourn explained, even where a departure seems warranted, the extent of the
departure may present a violation of the principle of proportionality. Milbourn, 435 Mich at 660.
And as the Milbourn Court emphasized, “Too frequently reasons are given for a sentence that
apply equally to a lesser or greater sentence unless an explanation is offered on the record for the
specific sentence given.” Id. (quotation omitted).

       In this case, the trial court stated the reasons that a departure was warranted; one of which
was an abuse of discretion, being in direct conflict with the scoring of the guidelines. Missing,
however, was any explanation of why the specific sentence was warranted under the facts of the
case. On remand, and assuming the trial court again imposes a departure sentence on bases other
than excessive brutality, the trial court must articulate “why the sentence imposed is more

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proportionate than a sentence within the guidelines recommendation would have been.” Smith,
482 Mich at 304.

        Remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.   We do not retain
jurisdiction.

                                                        /s/ Cynthia Diane Stephens
                                                        /s/ Deborah A. Servitto
                                                        /s/ Douglas B. Shapiro

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