Court Opinion

ID: 2727647
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:20:32.437788+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:49:49.937029
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of                                Apr 10 2013, 8:29 am
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS:                                     ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES:

CHRISTOPHER C. CRAWFORD                                      THEORA OHANESON
Elkhart, Indiana                                             Graber Law Firm, P.C.
                                                             Middlebury, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

JEFF ROLSTON and JANA ROLSTON,                       )
                                                     )
       Appellants-Plaintiffs,                        )
                                                     )
               vs.                                   )      No. 20A04-1209-CC-489
                                                     )
BRAD’S REALTY AND PROPERTY                           )
MANAGEMENT, LLC, and DAN L.                          )
BRADBURY,                                            )
                                                     )
       Appellees-Defendants.                         )

                     APPEAL FROM THE ELKHART SUPERIOR COURT
                          The Honorable David C. Bonfiglio, Judge
                         The Honorable Dean O. Burton, Magistrate
                              Cause No. 20D06-1001-CC-63

                                           April 10, 2013

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

BAILEY, Judge
                                          Case Summary

          Appellants/Cross-Appellees/Plaintiffs Jeff and Jana Rolston (collectively, “the

Rolstons”), who unsuccessfully sued Appellees/Cross-Appellants/Defendants Brad’s Realty

and Property Management (“Brad’s Realty”) and Dan Bradbury (“Bradbury”) (collectively,

“Brad’s Realty”) for fraud, appeal the denial of a motion to correct error. Brad’s Realty

cross-appeals the denial of a separate motion to correct error that challenged the denial of a

motion for attorney’s fees. We affirm.

                                               Issues

          The Rolstons present the issue of whether the judgment on the fraud claim is contrary

to law.

          Brad’s Realty presents the issue of whether it is entitled to attorney’s fees because the

Rolstons pursued frivolous litigation.

                                 Facts and Procedural History

          The instant litigation stems from a failure to communicate. Brad’s Realty offered

three adjoining lots (one improved with a house) for sale. The Rolstons, through their

realtor, offered a sum with the apparent belief that it was a lower-end offer for all three lots.

The seller accepted the offer and arranged to convey two lots; the title company prepared

documentation for the purchase of two lots. The thwarted expectation became plain to the

Rolstons only after the sale.

          The Summers family owned ten acres in Goshen, Indiana. Alvie Summers died,

leaving the ten acres as part of his estate (excluding an unimproved lot owned by his son

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Curtis Summers (“Curtis”) and an improved lot owned by his daughter Charlene Smith

(“Charlene”). Curtis decided to offer his lot for sale and he and his sister, as personal

representatives of their father’s estate, decided to offer the estate property (with a house

thereon) for sale. Charlene’s lot and house were not listed for sale.

          On April 15, 2009, Brad’s Realty published an MLS listing for property identified as

“57605 CR 27.” (Pl. Ex. A.) A listing price of $95,000 appeared at the top of the first page

of the form; however, the “Public Remarks” section advised:

          This property can be sold as one piece, or separately. Home needs TLC, but is
          a great deal! With a gas fireplace to keep you warm and cozy on cool days and
          evenings, to the enormous amount of space for privacy, what more can you ask
          for? (4.49 acres only $45,000.) (3.55 acres plus home $65,000.) (1.08 acres
          only $25,000.) This home may need a new above ground septic, well, and up
          dated electric.

(Pl. Ex. A, pg. 1.) The lot/acreage description indicated “3 – 10.99 Acres.”1 (Pl. Ex. A, pg.

1.) The short legal description was “NE NW SW EX 1.108A SEC 14 7.804A.” (Pl. Ex. A,

pg. 1.)

          The second page of the MLS listing indicated that “Vacant Land” of 4.49 acres (with a

legal description of NE NW SW EX 1.088A [sic] EX 1.08A SEC 14 7.804A) was offered at

57605 CR 27 for the list price of $45,000.00 and the “Public Remarks” section advised:

“Can be bought with additional 3.55 acres plus house for only $95,000. See MLS #

9921272. If sold separately, the house and land (3.55 acres) will be $65,000.” (Pl. Ex. A, pg.

2.) The third page of the MLS listing indicated that “Vacant Land” of 1.108 acres (with a

legal description of 155 X 7 X 310.8 – 1346.03 FT E & 2654.87 S NW COR SEC 14

1
    The previously described acreage (4.49, 3.55, and 1.08) equals 9.12.

                                                       3
1.108A) was offered at the separate address of 57000 CR 27 for the list price of $25,000.00

and the “Public Remarks” section stated: “Nice lot in Jefferson Township, Middlebury

School District.” (Pl. Ex. A, pg. 3.) The fourth page consisted of a drawing showing Parcels

A and B. Parcel A included a lot marked “Summers” outlined in heavy black marker. Parcel

B included a lot marked “Smith” outlined with a fine black line on three sides.2

          In response to a separate on-line listing for the house at 57605 CR 27, the Rolstons

visited the site.3 There, they saw three “For Sale” signs and observed that stakes had been

placed to divide lots. In front of the house, there was an information box containing the

printed MLS listing. The Rolstons reviewed the listing, toured the house, and formed the

opinion that it had termite damage and needed to be “gutted and completely redone.” (Tr.

30.) However, the Rolstons instructed their realtor, Tracy Maurer-Jones (“Jones”) to draft a

purchase agreement.

          According to the Rolstons, they thought they were arranging the purchase of three

lots. On August 1, 2009, the Rolstons offered $80,000.00 for “the property known as 57605

CR 27 in Jefferson Township, Elkhart County, Goshen, Indiana.” (Pl. Ex. 2.) The purchase

agreement listed the acreage as 7.804 acres4 and recited the legal description from the first

page of the printed MLS listing (identifying one exclusion from a ten-acre parcel). After a

2
 On this lot sat a house belonging to Charlene. The Rolstons were admittedly aware that her house and land
were not for sale.
3
 Jeff Rolston testified to his recollection that the house was listed for $65,000.00, but also testified that it
“could have been” $95,000.00. (Tr. 51.)
4
    This is less than the aggregate 8.04 noted on the MLS listing (4.49 for Parcel A and 3.55 for Parcel B).

                                                        4
counter-offer of $86,000.00, the parties agreed upon a purchase price of $84,000.00. The

Rolstons declined to order a survey.

      On July 30, 2009, Charlene and Curtis, as the personal representatives of the Estate of

Alvie W. Summers, conveyed to the Rolstons 7.804 acres consisting of the following

described property:

      The Northeast Quarter (NE ¼) of the Northwest Quarter (NW ¼) of the
      Southwest Quarter (SW ¼) of Section Fourteen (14), Township Thirty-seven
      (37) North, Range Six (6) East, containing Ten (10) acres, Elkhart County,
      Indiana, more or less.

      LESS AND EXCEPTING THE FOLLOWING:

      A part of the West half of Section 14, township 37 North, Range 6 East,
      Elkhart County, Indiana, more particularly described as follows:

      Commencing at a spike nail in the center line of State Highway Number 20,
      said spike nail marking the Northwest corner of said Section 14; thence due
      East along the North line of Section 14 and the center line of U.S. Highway
      Number 20, a distance of 1346.03 feet to a point in the intersection of U.S.
      Highway Number 20 and County Road Number 27; thence South Zero degrees
      56 minutes West, 3026.27 feet to the place of beginning of this description;
      thence continuing along the center line of County Road Number 27 and said
      described bearing 153 feet; thence North 89 degrees 4 minutes West 310 feet;
      thence North Zero degrees 56 minutes East 153 feet; thence South 89 degrees
      4 minutes East, 310 feet to the place of beginning of this description. Said
      above tract contains 1.088 acres of land, excepting that part used as legal
      public highways.

      ALSO EXCEPTING:

      A part of the West Half of Section 14, Township 37 North, Range 6 East, more
      particularly described as follows:

      Commencing at a spike nail in the center line of State Highway No. 20, said
      spike nail marking the Northwest corner of Section 14, Township 37 North,
      Range 6 East; thence due East along the North line of Section 14 and the
      center line of U.S. Highway No. 20, 1346.03 feet to the point of intersection of

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       U.S. Highway No. 20 and County Road No. 27; thence South Zero degrees 56
       minutes West, 2654.87 feet to the place of beginning of this description;
       thence continuing along said described bearing 155.7 feet; thence South 89
       degrees 36 minutes West, 310.08 feet; thence North Zero degrees 56 minutes
       East, 155.7 feet; thence North 89 degrees 36 minutes East, 310.08 feet to the
       place of beginning of this description, said tract containing 1.108 acres, more
       or less.

(Def. Ex. I.) Jones, who had received documents two days before the closing, failed to

observe that there were two exclusions from the ten acres. Stewart Title did not notify her

that the legal description in the purchase agreement (reciting a single exclusion) was changed

to reflect two exclusions.

       At some point during the closing, Jana Rolston questioned the lack of multiple tax

identification numbers. Jones left the room to question Bradbury, who was waiting in the

lobby. After Jones returned and reassured the Rolstons that the county still considered the

land at issue to be one parcel and thus had not assigned multiple tax identification numbers to

the lots, the closing proceeded.

       Shortly after the closing, Jeff instructed Jones to list the two unimproved lots for sale.

However, as the days passed and the Rolstons began to remodel their house, they discovered

that a “For Sale” sign remained posted at the northern 1.108 acre lot. Jones contacted

Bradbury and was advised that the lot at 57000 CR 27 was owned by Curtis, it had not been

conveyed to the Rolstons, and it was still offered for sale.

       The Rolstons filed suit, bringing a negligence claim against Jones and Stewart Title

Services and a fraud claim against Brad’s Realty. The Rolstons did not seek rescission, and

proceeded with renovation of the house.

                                               6
        Jones settled with the Rolstons and was dismissed as a party; Stewart Title Services

was granted summary judgment on the negligence claim. The remaining parties proceeded to

trial upon the fraud claim. At the conclusion of a bench trial, judgment was entered in favor

of Brad’s Realty. Brad’s Realty then claimed entitlement to attorney’s fees; the trial court

denied the attorney’s fees request.

        The parties filed respective motions to correct error, and the trial court denied both

motions. This appeal ensued, with the parties filing respective notices of appeal.

                                        Discussion and Decision

                                               I. Fraud Claim

        We review the grant or denial of a motion to correct error for an abuse of discretion.

Williamson v. Williamson, 825 N.E.2d 33, 44 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005). In their motion to

correct error, the Rolstons claimed that they had established their fraud claim against Brad’s

Realty despite the trial court’s judgment to the contrary.

        The essential elements of actual fraud are a false material misrepresentation of past or

existing facts, made with knowledge or reckless ignorance of the falsity, which causes

reliance to the detriment of one who relies on the representation. Ohio Farmers Ins. Co. v.

Ind. Drywall & Acoustics, Inc., 970 N.E.2d 674, 683 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied. The

burden of proving the elements of fraud rests on the party alleging it. Id.5

5
 Brad’s Realty suggests that we decline to review the Rolstons’ claim that they established fraud because the
Rolstons failed to allege fraud with specificity in their Second Amended Complaint. Indiana Trial Rule 9(B)
requires that averments of fraud must be pled with specificity as to the “circumstances constituting fraud.” In
order to meet this burden, the party who alleges fraud must specifically allege the elements of fraud, the time,
place, and substance of false reports, and any facts that were misrepresented, as well as the identity of what was
procured by fraud. Payday Today, Inc. v. Hamilton, 911 N.E.2d 26, 33 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied.

                                                        7
        The trial court entered judgment for Brad’s Realty. It did so upon concluding that the

Rolstons had failed to meet their burden of proof because the MLS listing, while confusing,

was not drafted with intent to defraud and because due diligence on the part of the Rolstons’

realtor would have revealed the extent of the land conveyance. Accordingly, the Rolstons

appeal from a motion to correct error challenging a negative judgment and must show that

the evidence points unerringly to a conclusion different from that reached by the trier of fact,

or that the judgment is contrary to law. Wilder-Newland v. Kessinger, 967 N.E.2d 558, 560

(Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied. “This means that even if we might have taken a different

course of action than that which a trial court took, we are bound to review the order, and

findings and conclusions for clear error only.” Id.

        The existence of intent to deceive, or “scienter,” is a question for the finder of fact.

Wright v. Pennamped, 657 N.E.2d 1223, 1232 (Ind. Ct. App. 1995), trans. denied. Bradbury

testified that he had no intent to defraud; rather, he drafted a less-than-perfect MLS listing, in

part relying upon county records of acreage. Additionally, he testified that he had told Jones

that Curtis’ property was separate. The trial court declined to credit Jones’s testimony that

she had specifically asked about three lots at the closing, and we will not invade the province

of the fact-finder.

        The trial court also found that, even assuming a material misrepresentation, there was

a lack of detrimental reliance. Detrimental reliance is one of the essential elements for fraud.

These requirements extend to all actions that “sound in fraud.” Id. However, Brad’s Realty did not move to
dismiss the complaint for lack of specificity but rather defended itself against the apparent contentions. That is,
the Rolstons claimed that the MLS listing was so misleading as to constitute a false material misrepresentation
and that the misrepresentation was intentionally not corrected during conversations between the realtors.

                                                        8
Craig v. ERA Mark Five Realtors, 509 N.E.2d 1144, 1147 (Ind. Ct. App. 1987). Gary

Decker (“Decker”), a real estate agent and teacher, testified as an expert witness for the

Rolstons. According to Decker, Bradbury made a “major error” in failing to disclose on the

MLS listing that there were in fact two sellers; nonetheless, he opined that a realtor checking

the tax records would have discovered the ownership of the land at issue. (Tr. 160.) Two

different MLS listing numbers appeared on the four-page MLS listing. The closing

documents indicated that two lots, as opposed to one, were excluded from the ten-acre parcel.

Jones admitted that she had failed to note the second exclusion although she had closing

documents in her possession for two days. Jeff Rolston testified that he was represented by

Jones in the real estate transaction and relied upon her when she advised they “were getting

all three lots.” (Tr. 240.) He conceded that he did not communicate directly with Bradbury.

The testimony and documentary evidence support the trial court’s conclusion that there was

no detrimental reliance upon Brad’s Realty, as required to establish a claim for fraud.

       The Rolstons have failed to show that the evidence pointed solely to a conclusion

contrary to that reached by the trial court.

                                     II. Attorney’s Fees

       Brad’s Realty contends that the trial court erred in refusing to order the Rolstons to

pay attorney’s fees. Generally, Indiana follows the “American Rule” under which parties pay

their own attorney’s fees unless an agreement between the parties, a statute, or other rule

provides otherwise. Smyth v. Hester, 901 N.E.2d 25, 32 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (citations

omitted), trans. denied. However, Indiana Code Section 34-52-1-1(b) provides that a court

                                               9
“may award attorney’s fees as part of the cost … if the court finds that either party” brought

the action on a claim that is “frivolous, unreasonable, or groundless”; persisted in litigation

even after that claim “clearly became frivolous, unreasonable, or groundless;” or litigated in

bad faith. The trial court recognized there was a state of confusion surrounding the real

estate transaction, as opposed to fraud, but ultimately concluded that a statutory award of

attorney’s fees was not appropriate.

       A claim or defense is “frivolous” if it is taken primarily for the purpose of harassment,

if the attorney is unable to make a good faith and rational argument on the merits of the

action, or if the lawyer is unable to support the action taken by a good faith and rational

argument for an extension, modification, or reversal of existing law. Kahn v. Cundiff, 533
N.E.2d 164, 167 (Ind. Ct. App. 1989), aff’d, 543 N.E.2d 627 (Ind. 1989). A claim or defense

is “unreasonable” if, based on the totality of the circumstances, including the law and the

facts known at the time of filing, no reasonable attorney would consider that the claim or

defense was worthy of litigation. A claim or defense is “groundless” if no facts exist which

support the legal claim presented by the losing party. Id. at 170-71.

       A claim or defense is not groundless or frivolous merely because the party loses on the

merits. Smyth, 901 N.E.2d at 33. Here, in denying the motion to dismiss and motion for

summary judgment filed by Brad’s Realty, the trial court found that genuine issues of

material fact existed as to the communication between Jones and Bradbury at the closing. As

such, the reasonableness of the Rolstons’ claim could not have been adequately discerned by

a reasonable attorney absent the development of a factual record.

                                              10
       When the evidentiary record was developed, there was ample evidence of less than

optimal business practices on all sides. Bradbury drafted a single MLS listing despite the

existence of multiple owners. It was replete with error and potential for misleading a

prospective buyer. The Rolstons declined a survey and failed to read the closing documents

thoroughly. Jones made no check of county property records, failed to appreciate the

differences between the purchase agreement she had drafted and the closing documents, and

– when questioned at closing – still failed to ascertain what lots comprised the 7.804 acres

conveyed. With mistakes on all sides, the ultimate question was whether there was

fraudulent intent to deceive. It was a question appropriate for resolution by the fact-finder.

       Brad’s Realty has not persuaded us that it is entitled to attorney’s fees for bad faith

litigation.

                                        Conclusion

       The judgment denying the Rolstons recovery for fraud is not contrary to law. Nor is

the refusal of the trial court to order the Rolstons to pay attorney’s fees erroneous. The

denial of the respective motions to correct error was therefore not an abuse of discretion.

       Affirmed.

NAJAM, J., and BARNES, J., concur.

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