Court Opinion

ID: 9946509
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-29 20:00:53.027845+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:24:44.266306
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                            FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         FEB 29 2024
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

TYRON COOLEY,                                   No.    23-15643

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                2:20-cv-01382-MCE-DB
 v.

SERVICEMASTER COMPANY, LLC; et                  MEMORANDUM*
al.,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Eastern District of California
                Morrison C. England, Jr., District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted February 9, 2024
                            San Francisco, California

Before: R. NELSON, FORREST, and SANCHEZ, Circuit Judges.

      The sole issue on appeal is whether Plaintiff Tyron Cooley (Cooley) has

standing. The district court held that Cooley does not have statutory standing,

dismissing his claims. “We review [the] district court’s dismissal for lack of

standing de novo.” Barke v. Banks, 25 F.4th 714, 718 (9th Cir. 2022).

      1. Cooley sued his former employer, ServiceMaster Company, LLC

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
(Appellees), in state court. Cooley brought several individual and representative

employment-related claims, including individual and representative claims under

the California Private Attorneys General Act (PAGA). Appellees removed to

federal court under the Class Action Fairness Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 1332(d), 1453.

      Cooley’s employment with Appellees was subject to mandatory arbitration.

Appellees thus moved to compel arbitration and stay proceedings in the district

court, arguing Cooley needed to individually arbitrate most of his claims. Cooley

v. ServiceMaster Co. LLC, et al., No. 2:20-cv-01382, 2021 WL 3630489, at *1, *6

(E.D. Cal. Aug. 17, 2021). The district court agreed, granting Appellees’ motion.

      The district court maintained jurisdiction over the representative PAGA

claim and stayed the case “pending resolution of Plaintiff’s individual claims

before the arbitrator.”

      2. In 2022, the Supreme Court decided Viking River Cruises, Inc. v.

Moriana, 142 S. Ct. 1906 (2022). Viking River held that PAGA claims are

divisible into arbitrable individual claims and non-arbitrable representative claims.

Id. at 1924–25. Viking River suggested that, where a plaintiff’s individual claims

were arbitrated, they were stripped of statutory standing to pursue their

representative PAGA claims. Id. Accordingly, Appellees moved to dismiss for

lack of statutory standing.

      The district court agreed. On April 12, 2023, it dismissed Cooley’s

                                          2                                   23-15643
representative PAGA claim, citing Viking River. The district court declined to stay

the case until the California Supreme Court weighed in on statutory standing, an

issue of state law.

      3. Just three months later, the California Supreme Court issued Adolph v.

Uber Techs., Inc., 532 P.3d 682 (Cal. 2023). There the court considered “whether

an aggrieved employee who has been compelled to arbitrate claims under PAGA

that are ‘premised on Labor Code violations actually sustained by’ the plaintiff

maintains statutory standing to pursue ‘PAGA claims arising out of events

involving other employees.’” Adolph, 532 P.3d at 686 (quoting Viking River, 142

S. Ct. at 1916). It held that a plaintiff does maintain statutory standing regarding

representative claims because “an order compelling arbitration of the individual

claims does not strip the plaintiff of standing as an aggrieved employee to litigate

claims on behalf of other employees under PAGA.” Id.

      The interpretation of a state statute is an issue of state law. See, e.g.,

Brunozzi v. Cable Commc’ns, Inc., 851 F.3d 990, 995 (9th Cir. 2017). And whether

there is statutory standing is an issue of statutory interpretation. See, e.g., Bank of

Am. Corp. v. City of Miami, 581 U.S. 189, 197 (2017). Here, the California

Supreme Court has told us that a plaintiff such as Cooley has statutory standing to

bring representative PAGA claims, even after his individual PAGA claims are

compelled to arbitration. We are bound by the California Supreme Court’s

                                           3                                       23-15643
interpretation. See, e.g., Bass v. County of Butte, 458 F.3d 978, 981 (9th Cir. 2006)

(“[W]e must determine what meaning the state’s highest court would give to the

law.”).

       4. We hold that Cooley has statutory standing to bring his representative

PAGA claims. See Johnson v. Lowe’s Home Ctrs., LLC, No. 22-16486, 2024 WL

542830 (9th Cir. Feb. 12, 2024) (holding same). Article III standing is a separate

inquiry, however, and it is “a question of federal law, not state law.” Hollingsworth

v. Perry, 570 U.S. 693, 715 (2013). It is an open question whether Cooley has

constitutional standing to bring his representative PAGA claims. See Magadia v.

Wal-Mart Assocs., Inc., 999 F.3d 668, 676–78 (9th Cir. 2021). Because the district

court did not consider Cooley’s constitutional standing, we remand with

instructions for the district court to consider this issue in the first instance. If the

district court determines that Cooley does not have constitutional standing, then

this case must be remanded back to state court, where Cooley does have standing,

under 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c).

       VACATED AND REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with

this memorandum disposition.

                                            4                                      23-15643