Court Opinion

ID: 5501858
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-10 03:01:23.369629+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:33:57.505197
License: Public Domain

Daniels, J.
The action was brought to restrain the use of a trade-mark attached to what has been called and known as “Angostura Bitters.” These bjtters were manufactured and sold by the plaintiffs under that name or designation, and had acquired a somewhat extensive sale, to the profit and ad*915vantage of the plaintiffs. It was alleged in their complaint that the defendants had infringed upon these rights by manufacturing and selling a compound under the same name. The plaintiffs were engaged in this business in the city of Hew York, while the defendant appealing, together with Cornelius F. Abbott, were residents of and engaged in business in the city of Baltimore, in the state of Maryland. The summons in the action was not served upon the appealing defendant, neither did he appear or answer the complaint. The other defendant, Cornelius F. Abbott, appeared, and also served an answer to the complaint, taking issue with its material allegations, and also setting up as a bar to the action a decision made in the state of Maryland against the plaintiffs in a similar action prosecuted there. The court, upon the trial, concluded that this preceding decision was not a bar to the action, and determined the issues framed by the answer of the defendant Cornelius F. Abbott in favor of the plaintiffs, and found as a fact that Cornelius W. Abbott, the appellant, was a partner with the defendant who appeared and answered in the action, and directed judgment against the defendants jointly in favor of the plaintiffs, establishing their right to the use of this name as a trade-mark, and directing the defendants jointly and severally to be perpetually restrained and enjoined from putting up, selling, or offering for sale, any article in imitation of the plaintiffs’ compound, or using the name “Angostura Bitters,” or “Angostura Aromatic Bitters,” or any imitation of the same; and also directing the defendants to deliver up to the plaintiffs, to be destroyed, all circulars, wrappers, and labels in their,possession or under their control of the form or character used by the defendants in putting up their article for sale; and judgment was entered against the defendants conformably to this decision. A motion was thereafter made on behalf of the defendant Cornelius F. Abbott to vacate so much of the judgment as was recovered against him, on the ground that he had not been served with the summons, or appeared in the action; and on the decision of the motion an order was made striking out from the judgment so much of it as perpetually enjoined both of the defendants jointly and severally, and their servants, etc., and inserting in place of that direction the clause “as copartneis, composing the firm of 0. W. Abbott & Co., and the said Cornelius F. Abbott individually,” thereby so far modifying the judgment as still to enjoin and restrain Cornelius W. Abbott, as a partner, from making use of the phrases already mentioned in the manufacture and sale of these bitters. The judgment, as it lias been modified by the order, still contains an adjudication against the appellant. In the findings of the court he is found to be a partner with the defendant who was served with process and appeared and contested the action, and that finding necessarily involved the trial of so much of the action against the appellant, in his absence, as included the taking of proof of the fact .of the partnership, and justified 'the finding of this fact by the court. And in the determination directed by the findings and included in the judgment the judgment proceeds against the appellant. It is made to operate upon him as a member of a partnership composed by himself and the other defendant. To do that it was necessary to try the question whether he was or was not a partner with the other defendant, and to take proof to establish the existence of that fact; and that could not be legally done as long as the appellant was not a party to the action. The court could no more try the question whether he was a partner with the other defendant to affect him individually, and therefore liable to be enjoined and restrained as such, than it could try any other part of the controversy intended to affect him by the judgment to be recovered. It acquired no jurisdiction whatever to try any question concerning him that had been included in the complaint, as long as he was not served with the summons, and did not appear. And the court exceeded its jurisdiction in taking proof of the fact that the appellant was a .member of a firm composed of himself and the other defendant, and also in *916the direction that he should be enjoined with the other defendant from using the phrase in controversy; and the modification of the judgment did not relieve it from this objection, but it still left the judgment operative against the appellant as a member of this firm, and enjoined him, not as an agent or servant of the other defendant, but as a member of the firm itself, when the most that the court had jurisdiction to do was to try and determine the action against the other defendant, and to enjoin him, his agents and. servants, from the use of the phrase “Angostura Bitters,” or the word “Angostura,” or any imitation of it, or “Angostura Aromatic Bitters.” The law has in certain cases permitted a judgment to be entered in form against two or more persons upon the service of the summons on one of them. But those are cases where they have become jointly liable upon a contract, and do not include actions of this description. And the fact that statutes have been enacted to permit that to be done in actions upon joint contracts is very decisive evidence that without such legislation the courts would have no authority to permit a judgment to be entered against one person upon the service of the summons only on another. The legal principle, on the contrary, is that no person can be affected by a hearing or adjudication of a court of justice without affording to him, by means of the service of process upon him or upon his property, an opportunity to appear and contest the claim that may be made against him; and within that principle the court had no power to make any adjudication whatever against the appellant, either in the findings of fact or by the judgment finally entered in the action. And when the motion was made he was entitled, as he appeared only for the purpose of the motion, to have the judgment so far vacated as it was in form and effect entered against himself. The order should be reversed, with $10 costs and the disbursements, and an order directed striking out so mucli of the judgment as has been entered and is intended to be operative upon this defendant individually.