Court Opinion

ID: 9398302
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-30 19:05:24.33142+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:19:32.508022
License: Public Domain

2023 IL App (1st) 192378-U

                                                                                   FIRST DISTRICT,
                                                                                   FIRST DIVISION
                                                                                   May 30, 2023

                                              No. 1-19-2378

     NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the
     limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
     ______________________________________________________________________________

                                         IN THE
                             APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
                                FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
     ______________________________________________________________________________

      THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS,      )     Appeal from the
                                                )     Circuit Court of
            Plaintiff-Appellee,                 )     Cook County
                                                )
      v.                                        )     No. 17 CR 5960
                                                )
      JOSEPH T. PIERCE,                         )     Honorable
                                                )     Steven Jay Rosenblum,
            Defendant-Appellant.                )     Judge Presiding.
     ______________________________________________________________________________

            JUSTICE COGHLAN delivered the judgment of the court.
            Presiding Justice Lavin and Justice Pucinski concurred in the judgment.

                                                 ORDER

¶1          Held: Defendant’s convictions for aggravated domestic battery with strangulation and
                  criminal damage to property are affirmed where defendant’s counsel was not
                  ineffective for failing to prevent the admission of an audio recording, the State did
                  not knowingly rely on perjured testimony, and evidence of the property damage
                  was sufficient.

¶2          Following a bench trial, defendant Joseph T. Pierce was found guilty of aggravated

     domestic battery and criminal damage to property and sentenced to concurrent terms of 8 years’

     imprisonment for aggravated domestic battery and 2 years for criminal damage to property. On

     appeal, defendant argues that: (1) his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to prevent the
     No. 1-19-2378

     admission of the victim’s audio recording of defendant, (2) the State knowingly relied upon the

     victim’s perjured testimony, and (3) the State failed to prove the value of the damaged property.

     For the following reasons, we affirm.

¶3                                              BACKGROUND

¶4          Defendant was charged with aggravated domestic battery, domestic battery, and criminal

     damage to property stemming from an incident with his ex-girlfriend, Shonita Pate1, during which

     defendant beat and choked Shonita and broke her cellphone.

¶5                                              Pre-Trial Motions

¶6          Prior to trial, the court granted the State’s motion to admit proof of other crimes pursuant

     to 725 ILCS 5/115-7.4. It found evidence defendant pushed, struck, and choked Shonita after an

     argument on August 20, 2016, was admissible to show propensity to commit domestic violence.

     The court made a finding of factual similarity, explaining that the “proximity in time” between the

     two offenses was “not very long” and the crimes involved the “same victim, same relationship,

     same striking by the Defendant.”

¶7           The State also moved in limine to admit an audio recording of the March 26, 2017, incident

     that was captured on Shonita’s cell phone. The State argued that the recording did not violate the

     eavesdropping statute (720 ILCS 5/14-1, et seq.), because “the captured audio was neither recorded

     surreptitiously, nor was it private conversation.” Alternatively, the State argued that the “fear-of-

     crime” exception to the statute applied because Shonita “reasonably believed that defendant may

     commit a criminal offense against her *** based upon a prior domestic battery that occurred on

     August 20, 2016.” The court ruled that the recording would be admitted if the State was able to

            1
                Because Shonita Pate and Ernest Pate have the same last names, we use their first names.

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       lay a proper foundation at trial.

¶8                                               Bench Trial

¶9            Shonita testified that she began dating defendant in 2016. Sometime “between August and

       September” of 2016, defendant became “physical” with Shonita and choked her when she tried to

       break up with him. Shonita called the police, but they later got back together.

¶ 10          On March 25, 2017, Shonita and defendant had been broken up for approximately two

       weeks. That day, Shonita’s sister went with her to defendant’s workplace to retrieve the key to a

       rented Toyota Rav4. A “couple weeks” earlier, Shonita had allowed defendant to use her primary

       car, but he took the rental car instead. Shonita made numerous unsuccessful attempts to get the

       Toyota back from defendant. Defendant refused to return the key when Shonita arrived at his

       workplace, “started to get loud,” and threatened to “throw [the] key into the lake.” He told Shonita

       he would return the key after work, and she left. When defendant failed to do so, Shonita left him

       a voicemail message that she “would be over the next day to get [her] key from his mother[’s]

       house.”

¶ 11          On March 26, 2017, Shonita and her uncle, Ernest Pate, went to defendant’s mother’s

       apartment in Alsip, where defendant was living at the time. Shonita called defendant in advance

       and told him she was coming to get the car. When they arrived, Shonita went into the apartment

       building while Ernest waited in the car. Shonita had two cell phones with her: an iPhone for work

       and an Android for personal use. The Android was in the thigh pocket of her scrubs, and she was

       holding the iPhone in her hand.

¶ 12          Someone “buzzed” Shonita into the building and she began walking up to the second floor

       apartment. She activated the audio recorder on her Android phone in her pocket because

       “something about the vibe *** made [her] press record.” Shonita knocked on the front door and

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       No. 1-19-2378

       defendant’s mother answered. She asked for the car key and defendant’s mother relayed the

       information to defendant. After “a lot of time” passed, Shonita turned to leave because she had a

       “weird feeling *** that something wasn’t right.”

¶ 13          As Shonita was walking down the stairs, defendant came out of the apartment and hit her

       in the back of the head “two to three times.” Shonita “just couldn’t believe” defendant was hitting

       her. When defendant’s mother came out and told him to “stop hitting” her, Shonita asked her to

       call the police. Defendant began choking Shonita with his hand. She “maneuvered out of it” and

       moved towards the front door of the building. Shonita saw Ernest through the glass door as

       defendant hit her again. Defendant punched Shonita in the eye, left jaw, and right side of her head,

       and slapped her with his open hand.

¶ 14          While Shonita was trying to call 911 on her iPhone, defendant grabbed the phone, threw it

       to the ground, and stepped on it. The phone, which Shonita estimated was worth “[a]pproximately

       [$]500, $600,” shattered, and defendant stepped on it again. Defendant then “pinned” Shonita into

       the corner near the door and choked her with his hand. Shonita could not breathe or talk while

       being choked. After defendant’s mother let Ernest into the building, defendant punched him in the

       head. Ernest managed to pull Shonita out the door and defendant ran back up to the apartment.

¶ 15          Shonita called 911 with a third cell phone that she kept in the car for emergencies. The

       police arrived and arrested defendant. As defendant was being led out of the apartment, he yelled

       at Shonita that she was “a stupid b***” and threatened to “come back to get” her. At the police

       station, Shonita gave the officers the recording from her Android cell phone. The recording was

       copied to a disc and admitted into evidence at trial.

¶ 16          The recording starts with a conversation between Shonita and defendant’s mother about

       the car key. Shonita tells her, “I don’t really have to wait on him. Just please just get my key,

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       No. 1-19-2378

       please. I do not wanna talk to him at all.” About two minutes later, defendant asks Shonita, “Where

       my stuff at?” After a brief exchange, Shonita says, “Ok, you are not going to get my key. I’m going

       to get it one way or another.”

¶ 17          A commotion begins and Shonita exclaims, “What is wrong with you? Why would you hit

       me?” Defendant’s mother says, “Joseph, what is wrong with you?” “Come on, Joseph,” “Stop!

       Stop!” After a slapping noise, defendant’s mother says, “No. Joseph, I live here. *** Don’t do that.

       Leave her alone. *** I gotta have a place to stay. Don’t do it. *** Leave her alone.” After more

       commotion, Shonita says, “I can’t believe that he just put his hands on me,” and screams, “Will

       you call the police? Give me my key!” Defendant’s mother continues telling him to stop.

       Defendant yells, “Hold still. I’m about to beat the hell out of you.” After a loud thud, Shonita says,

       “You just ruined my phone. This phone costs seven hundred dollars.”

¶ 18          Defendant tells his mother to “watch out” as she continues to plead with him to stop.

       Shonita screams and cries, pleading, “Let me go. Stop. Stop. Don’t put your hands on me.”

       Defendant calls Shonita a “b***” while she continues begging him to stop. The commotion

       continues until Ernest says, “I’m a police,” and Shonita presumably exits the building. The

       recording also captured Shonita calling 911 and telling police “Joseph *** Pierce just punched me

       in my left eye *** choked me, and said he was going to kill me.” After being arrested, defendant

       yells obscenities and threats at Shonita.

¶ 19          Ernest testified that he accompanied Shonita to pick up a vehicle in Alsip and waited in the

       car while she went into the apartment building. After four or five minutes, he got out of the car

       because Shonita had not returned. As he approached the building, Ernest could see that defendant

       was pushing Shonita and had his hands around her neck. He heard loud noises and defendant’s

       mother yelling “stop *** why are you doing this, Joseph?” While defendant’s mother was trying

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       No. 1-19-2378

       to get between Shonita and defendant, Shonita reached for the door handle. Ernest yelled “Police

       officer” to “diffuse the situation.” Ernest reached in the door and tried to pull Shonita out of the

       building. Defendant punched Ernest in the back of the head as Shonita ran outside. Ernest later

       observed a red mark on Shonita’s neck. Ernest acknowledged he had previously been convicted of

       armed robbery in 1998.

¶ 20          Defendant testified that he and Shonita began dating in June 2016. On March 25, 2017,

       Shonita showed up at his job while he was working, accused him of cheating on her, and asked for

       the rental car back. Defendant denied threatening to throw the key in the lake, claiming that Shonita

       agreed to let him use the car for the rest of the day.

¶ 21          Shonita arrived at his mother’s apartment the next day and defendant let her into the

       building. When defendant heard Shonita asking his mother for the car key, he came out of the

       apartment. Shonita accused him of cheating and hit him with her phone. As defendant’s mother

       tried to intervene, Shonita asked him, “[W]hy you hitting me?” Defendant denied hitting Shonita

       or putting his hands around her neck. Defendant acknowledged he had been convicted of armed

       robbery in 2011.

¶ 22          On cross-examination, defendant claimed that Shonita’s phone fell to the ground while she

       was hitting him and he “made a mistake and stepped on it.” He claimed that Ernest never entered

       the building and he only saw him through the open door. Defendant admitted that when police

       took him from the building, he swore at Shonita and told her that was “going to get her.”

¶ 23          The trial court found defendant guilty of aggravated domestic battery with strangulation

       and criminal damage to property. The court noted that photographs showed Shonita “had a bruise

       on her face *** redness on her neck area,” and “the audiotape spoke volumes in this case.” The

       court found that the evidence, including the testimony of Shonita and Ernest, “lead to only one

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       No. 1-19-2378

       conclusion.” Defendant was sentenced to concurrent terms of 8 years’ imprisonment for

       aggravated domestic battery and 2 years for criminal damage to property.

¶ 24                                              ANALYSIS

¶ 25                                   Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

¶ 26          Defendant first argues that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to adequately

       challenge the admission of Shonita’s audio recording under the eavesdropping statute (720 ILCS

       5/14-1 et seq. (West 2018)). Specifically, defendant asserts that his counsel erred in failing to

       challenge the State’s reliance on the “fear-of-crime” exemption contained in section 14-3(i) of the

       statute. 720 ILCS 5/14-3(i) (West 2018).

¶ 27          To establish ineffective assistance of counsel under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.

       668 (1984), a defendant must generally prove that (i) counsel’s performance was objectively

       unreasonable and (ii) there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s errors, the result of

       the proceeding would have been different. People v. Patterson, 2014 IL 115102, ¶ 81 (citing

       Strickland, 466 U.S. at 692). “A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine

       confidence in the outcome.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.

¶ 28          The eavesdropping statute prohibits the surreptitious recording of a private conversation

       without consent of all parties involved. 720 ILCS 5/14-2(a)(2). “Private conversation” means any

       “oral communication between two or more persons, when one or more parties intended the

       communication to be of a private nature under circumstances reasonably justifying that

       expectation.” 720 ILCS 5/14-1(d).

¶ 29          The State maintains that the recording did not violate the eavesdropping statute because,

       although the altercation was surreptitiously recorded, defendant did not have a reasonable

       expectation of privacy under the circumstances. Defendant argues that the statute “does not ***

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       No. 1-19-2378

       expressly allow the recording of loud private arguments coming from enclosed private residential

       property.”

¶ 30           In People v. Clark, 2014 IL 115776, our supreme court recognized that “[i]ndividuals have

       a valid interest in the privacy of their communications and a legitimate expectation that their

       private conversations will not be recorded by those not privy to the conversation.” (Emphasis

       added.) Id. ¶ 21. The court declared the former eavesdropping statute unconstitutional because it

       “criminalize[d] a whole range of conduct involving the audio recording of conversations that

       cannot be deemed in any way private.” Id. As examples, the court listed: “(1) a loud argument on

       the street; (2) a political debate in a park; (3) the public interactions of police officers with citizens

       (if done by a member of the general public); and (4) any other conversation loud enough to be

       overheard by others whether in a private or public setting.” (Emphasis added) Id. Following the

       court’s decision in Clark, the Illinois legislature added the “private conversation” requirement to

       the eavesdropping statute in late 2014. 720 ILCS 5/14-1(d) (eff. Dec. 30, 2014). A party’s

       expectation of privacy must be reasonable under the circumstances. Id.

¶ 31           In this case, there is no evidence that defendant intended his communications to be “of a

       private nature,” or if he did, that such expectation was reasonable under the circumstances. 720

       ILCS 5/14-1(d). The communications at issue occurred during an altercation in the entryway of

       the apartment building, in the presence of defendant’s mother and were loud enough to be heard

       by Ernest outside the building.

¶ 32           We find that Shonita’s recording did not violate the eavesdropping statute. Accordingly,

       defendant’s claim that counsel failed to adequately challenge the admission of this evidence is

       without merit.

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¶ 33                                           Shonita’s Testimony

¶ 34           Defendant also argues that the recording “proves that the State knowingly relied upon a

       false claim and perjured testimony” that defendant had previously attacked Shonita, Defendant

       relies on Shonita’s statements on the audio recording that: “I have never in all my life had nobody

       put their hands on me! I’m like really upset and if I had known that he would have done all this,

       then I would have called the police”; “I can’t believe that he just put his hands on me!”; and “I

       cannot believe your son just put his hands on me like that for no reason.”

¶ 35           Although conceding forfeiture of this claim for failing to raise it at trial and in a post-trial

       motion, defendant seeks review under principles of plain error. The plain error doctrine permits

       review of a forfeited claim when a clear or obvious error occurred and either (1) “the evidence is

       so closely balanced that the error alone threatened to tip the scales of justice against the defendant,

       regardless of the seriousness of the error,” or (2) the “error is so serious that it affected the fairness

       of the defendant’s trial and challenged the integrity of the judicial process, regardless of the

       closeness of the evidence.” People v. Piatowski, 225 Ill. 2d 551, 565 (2007). The first step in a

       plain error analysis requires the defendant to establish that a clear or obvious error occurred. People

       v. Hillier, 237 Ill. 2d 539, 545 (2010).

¶ 36           “A conviction obtained using false testimony implicates due process concerns and is

       subject to reversal.” People v. Lucas, 203 Ill. 2d 410, 422 (2002). A person commits perjury when,

       “under oath or affirmation *** he makes a false statement, material to the issue or point in question,

       which he does not believe to be true.” People v. Redmond, 265 Ill. App. 3d 292, 309 (1994). The

       defendant must show by clear, convincing, and satisfactory evidence that the testimony was false

       and was willfully and purposefully given. Id. “Mere inconsistencies in testimony do not establish

       perjury or that the State knowingly used perjured evidence.” People v. Trimble, 220 Ill. App. 3d

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       No. 1-19-2378

       338, 346 (1991) Here, any inconsistencies between Shonita’s testimony and the audio recording

       “fall short of establishing a knowing use of perjury.” Id.

¶ 37          Shonita’s recorded statements occurred during a sudden physical altercation in which

       defendant punched her in the head and face, broke her phone, pinned her in a corner, and choked

       her. Shonita’s excited exclamations do not constitute “clear, convincing, and satisfactory

       evidence” that she committed perjury. Trimble, 220 Ill. App. 3d at 346.

¶ 38          Defendant has failed to demonstrate that the testimony in question was willfully and

       purposely falsely given or that the State knowingly presented perjured testimony.

¶ 39                                     Criminal Damage to Property

¶ 40          Defendant argues that the State failed to prove him guilty of felony criminal damage to

       property because there was “no evidence regarding the cost to repair the iPhone.” In reviewing the

       sufficiency of the evidence, “the question is ‘whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most

       favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of

       the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.’ ” (Emphasis in original) People v. McLaurin, 2020 IL

       124563, ¶ 22 (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979)). This court will not retry the

       defendant or substitute its judgment for that of the trier of fact on the weight of the evidence or

       credibility of witnesses. People v. Brown, 2013 IL 114196, ¶ 48. “We will not reverse a conviction

       unless the evidence is so improbable, unsatisfactory, or inconclusive that it creates a reasonable

       doubt of defendant’s guilt.” People v. Collins, 214 Ill. 2d 206, 217 (2005).

¶ 41          To prove the elements of felony criminal damage to property, the State was required to

       establish that defendant knowingly damaged Shonita’s cell phone, “and the damage to said

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       No. 1-19-2378

       property exceeded $5002 but did not exceed $10,000.” 720 ILCS 5/21-1(a)(1); (d)(1)(F). Where,

       as here, “the charge of criminal damage to property exceeding a specific value is brought, the

       extent of the damage is an element of the offense to be resolved by the trier of fact as either

       exceeding or not exceeding the specified value.” 720 ILCS 5/21-1(b).

¶ 42           While the State does not need to prove the exact amount of damages, it must prove the

       minimum amount of damage necessary to justify a felony conviction. People v. Carraro, 77 Ill.

       2d 75, 79-80 (1979). The criminal damage to property statute does not establish the nature of proof

       the State is required to adduce to establish damage in excess of $500. Id. at 79. We have noted that

       “the statute related to theft parallels the statute defining criminal damage to property” where, as

       here, “the amount of damage determines whether the offense shall be punished as a felony or

       misdemeanor.” People v. Davis, 132 Ill. App. 3d 199, 202 (1985). Consequently, we have held

       that “[t]he value of stolen property is the fair market value at the time and place of the theft.”

       People v. Moore, 2021 IL App (1st) 172811, ¶ 214. In such instances, “[t]he opinion testimony of

       one who has sufficient knowledge of the property and its value to give a reasonable estimate,

       received without objection, is sufficient, in the absence of contrary evidence, to establish value.”

       People v. Harden, 42 Ill. 2d 301, 305-06 (1969).

¶ 43           In People v. Roby, 202 Ill. App. 3d 143 (1990), the victim testified in a criminal damage to

       property trial that the steering column of his luxury model car was “completely ripped out,” the

       electric door locks and windows were damaged, and the estimate for repairs was “in excess of

       $200.” Id. at 144. We found this testimony was sufficient to support the finding that the value of

               2
                 The charge alleged that “the damage to said property exceeded $300 but did not exceed $10,000.”
       Section 21-1(d)(1)(F) was amended effective January 1, 2017, to increase the minimum amount to $500.
       720 ILCS 5/21-1(d)(1)(F) (amended by Pub. Act 99-631 (eff. Jan. 1, 2017)). Defendant does not argue that
       this violated his right to be informed of the criminal accusations made against him.

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       No. 1-19-2378

       the damage exceeded $300 and affirmed defendant’s criminal damage to property conviction. Id.

       at 146. In People v. Burks, 304 Ill. App. 3d 861 (1999) we distinguished a case in which the

       defendant stole 120 T-shirts without evidence of “the quality or value of the T-shirts,” from cases

       such as Roby, where there was “some evidence of the value of the property which was at issue.”

       Id. at 863.

¶ 44           In the instant case, we find that Shonita’s uncontested testimony that the phone “costs seven

       hundred dollars” and was worth “[a]pproximately [$]500, $600” sufficiently established the value

       of the phone. Defendant did not object to Shonita’s estimate based on her experience as the owner

       of the phone and did not offer any “contrary evidence” of the phone’s value. Harden, 42 Ill. 2d at

       306. Viewed in the light most favorable to the State, the evidence was sufficient to show that

       defendant caused damage to the phone that exceeded $500 and support defendant’s conviction for

       criminal damage to property.

¶ 45                                             CONCLUSION

¶ 46           For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County.

¶ 47           Affirmed.

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