Court Opinion

ID: 9398105
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-30 14:08:54.228909+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:19:30.940113
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Mendonca, 2023-Ohio-1780.]

                                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                           TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO

                                           BROWN COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO,                                 :

        Appellee,                               :         CASE NO. CA2022-08-007

                                                :              OPINION
     - vs -                                                     5/30/2023
                                                :

 MANUEL MENDONCA,                               :

        Appellant.                              :

       CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM BROWN COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                           Case No. CRI2021-2146

Zac Corbin, Brown County Prosecuting Attorney, and Mary McMullen, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.

W. Joseph Edwards, for appellant.

        S. POWELL, P.J.

        {¶ 1} Appellant, Manuel Mendonca, appeals his conviction in the Brown County

Court of Common Pleas after a jury found him guilty of single counts of first-degree felony

trafficking in cocaine, first-degree felony possession of cocaine, third-degree felony

aggravated trafficking in drugs, and third-degree felony aggravated possession of drugs.

For the reasons outlined below, we affirm Mendonca's conviction.
                                                                      Brown CA2022-08-007

                              Facts and Procedural History

       {¶ 2} On August 12, 2021, the Brown County Grand Jury returned an indictment

charging Mendonca with single counts of first-degree felony trafficking in cocaine in violation

of R.C. 2925.03(A)(2), first-degree felony possession of cocaine in violation of R.C.

2925.11(A), third-degree felony aggravated trafficking in drugs in violation of R.C.

2925.03(A)(2), and third-degree felony aggravated possession of drugs in violation of R.C.

2925.11(A). The indictment also included four major drug offender specifications pursuant

to R.C. 2941.1410(A) and two forfeiture specifications in accordance with R.C.

2941.1417(A). These charges and specifications arose after Officer Sean Waddle with the

Fayetteville Police Department conducted a legally permissible traffic stop of Mendonca's

rental car after Officer Waddle clocked Mendonca driving 39 mph in a posted 25 mph speed

zone while in Fayetteville, Brown County, Ohio on the afternoon of July 30, 2021.

       {¶ 3} Once the traffic stop of Mendonca's rental car was effectuated, Officer Waddle

approached the vehicle and contacted Mendonca. Upon contacting Mendonca, and after

asking Mendonca to produce his driver's license and registration, Officer Waddle noticed a

large stack of cash located in the car's open glovebox. Officer Waddle also discovered that

Mendonca's out-of-state driver's license was suspended. Officer Waddle further discovered

that the vehicle's registration and proof of insurance were both expired.            Because

Mendonca's driver's license had been suspended, and because the vehicle's registration

and proof of insurance were both expired, Officer Waddle decided to have Mendonca's

rental car towed away from the scene and impounded. The record indicates that Officer

Waddle did this in accordance with Fayetteville's vehicle towing and release policy.

       {¶ 4} Officer Waddle then conducted an inventory search of the vehicle. The record

indicates that Officer Waddle also did this in accordance with Fayetteville's vehicle towing

and release policy. Specifically, Section 502.5, which states:

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              All property in a stored or impounded vehicle shall be
              inventoried and listed on the vehicle storage form. This includes
              the trunk and any compartments or containers, even if they are
              closed and/or locked. Members conducting inventory searches
              should be as thorough and accurate as practicable in preparing
              an itemized inventory. These inventory procedures are for the
              purpose of protecting an owner's property while the owner is in
              police custody, to provide for the safety of officers and the
              public, and to protect the Department against fraudulent claims
              of lost, stolen or damaged property.

       {¶ 5} During the subsequent inventory search of Mendonca's rental car, Officer

Waddle discovered a small baggie containing .143 ounces of cocaine located in the

vehicle's passenger compartment stuffed in between the car's driver's seat and center

console. Upon finding this small baggie of cocaine, Officer Waddle then opened the

vehicle's trunk to continue his search. The search of the vehicle's trunk area resulted in

Officer Waddle discovering a large, over two-pound brick of cocaine sealed in a brown bag

hidden behind an access panel. Following this discovery, Mendonca was placed under

arrest and transported to the Brown County Jail by Deputy William Dickman, a deputy with

the Brown County Sheriff's Office. Once there, Mendonca was removed from Deputy

Dickman's police cruiser and a search of the cruiser's backseat was conducted. This search

resulted in the discovery of .5 ounces of methamphetamine located in the Deputy Dickman's

police cruiser near the area where Mendonca had been sitting.

       {¶ 6} On October 14, 2021, Mendonca filed a motion to suppress. Mendonca

advanced several arguments in support of his suppression motion.               This included

Mendonca's argument that Officer Waddle conducted an unconstitutional inventory search

of his vehicle. This was because, according to Mendonca, Fayetteville's vehicle towing and

release policy "effectively attempts to eviscerate" the rights guaranteed to him by the United

States and Ohio Constitutions to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. The

trial court held a hearing on Mendonca's motion to suppress on November 10, 2021. Officer

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Waddle was the only witness who testified at this hearing. As part of this testimony, Officer

Waddle was asked upon what he based his decision to have Mendonca's rental car towed.

To this, Officer Waddle testified that his decision to tow Mendonca's rental car was based

on Mendonca "driving under suspension, as well as the vehicle not having a valid

registration," and "no valid insurance."

       {¶ 7} On December 10, 2021, the trial court issued a decision denying Mendonca's

motion to suppress. In so holding, the trial court stated:

              There has been no showing of a violation of the United States
              Constitution by the officer's action in stopping the vehicle or in
              conducting an inventory search when he learned [Mendonca's]
              operator's license was under suspension.

       {¶ 8} The trial court also stated:

              [Officer Waddle] would have been derelict in his duty if he had
              simply issued a citation for speeding and a license violation. He
              was correct in not permitting a person whose license was under
              suspension to just drive away. Had he done so and [Mendonca]
              had injured someone by his driving, [Officer Mendonca] and his
              department would face civil liability for those injuries.

       {¶ 9} From August 22 to August 25, 2022, the trial court held a three-day jury trial

on the matter. After both parties rested, and following the jury's deliberations, the jury

returned a verdict finding Mendonca guilty as charged. The next day, the trial court held a

sentencing hearing where it sentenced Mendonca to serve a total, aggregate sentence of

a mandatory minimum 13 years in prison with a maximum 16-and-one-half-years in prison,

less 393 days of jail-time credit. The trial court also ordered Mendonca to pay court costs

and notified Mendonca that he would be subject to a mandatory minimum two-year to a

maximum five-year postrelease control term. The trial court issued a judgment entry of

sentence later that same day. Mendonca filed a notice of appeal on August 31, 2022. Oral

argument was held before this court on May 1, 2023. Mendonca's appeal now before this

court for decision, Mendonca has raised two assignments of error for review.

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                                 Assignment of Error No. 1:

       {¶ 10} THE TRIAL COURT IMPROPERLY DENIED THE MOTION TO SUPPRESS

EVIDENCE BECAUSE THE ARRESTING OFFICER DID NOT ADHERE TO THE

FAYETTEVILLE, OHIO POLICE DEPARTMENT'S VEHICLE TOWING AND RELEASE

POLICY BY FAILING TO INQUIRE ABOUT THE NATURE OF APPELLANT'S

SUSPENSION, AND THE SUBSEQUENT SEARCH WAS PRETEXTUAL FOR AN

INVESTIGATORY PURPOSE VIOLATING APPELLANT'S FOURTH AMENDMENT

RIGHTS UNDER THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION.

       {¶ 11} In his first assignment of error, Mendonca argues the trial court erred by

denying his motion to suppress. Under these circumstances, we employ the following

standard of review.

                           Motion to Suppress Standard of Review

       {¶ 12} "Appellate review of a ruling on a motion to suppress presents a mixed

question of law and fact." State v. Turner, 163 Ohio St.3d 421, 2020-Ohio-6773, ¶ 14, citing

State v. Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003-Ohio-5372, ¶ 8. "When considering a motion

to suppress, the trial court, as the trier of fact, is in the best position to weigh the evidence

to resolve factual questions and evaluate witness credibility." State v. Green, 12th Dist.

Fayette No. CA2021-03-009, 2022-Ohio-101, ¶ 7. "Therefore, when reviewing a trial court's

decision on a motion to suppress, this court is bound to accept the trial court's findings of

fact if they are supported by competent, credible evidence." State v. Stout, 12th Dist. Butler

No. CA2020-08-085, 2021-Ohio-1125, ¶ 11; State v. Hawkins, 158 Ohio St.3d 94, 2019-

Ohio-4210, ¶ 16. "An appellate court, however, independently reviews the trial court's legal

conclusions based on those facts and determines, without deference to the trial court's

decision, whether as a matter of law, the facts satisfy the appropriate legal standard." State

v. Cochran, 12th Dist. Preble No. CA2006-10-023, 2007-Ohio-3353, ¶ 12. This means "the

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appellate court must decide the legal questions independently, without deference to the trial

court's decision." State v. Banks-Harvey, 152 Ohio St.3d 368, 2018-Ohio-201, ¶ 14; State

v. Tidwell, 165 Ohio St.3d 57, 2021-Ohio-2072, ¶ 18.

                         Mendonca's Three Arguments and Analysis

       {¶ 13} To support his first assignment of error, Mendonca raises three arguments for

why he believes the trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress. We address each

of Mendonca's three arguments more fully below.

                                  Mendonca's First Argument

       {¶ 14} Mendonca initially argues the trial court erred by denying his motion to

suppress because Officer Waddle did not follow Fayetteville's vehicle towing and release

policy by having his rental car towed without first determining why his driver's license had

been suspended. However, upon review, we can find nothing within Fayetteville's vehicle

towing and release policy that would require Officer Waddle to learn why Mendonca's

driver's license had been suspended prior to having the car towed. We instead find Officer

Waddle complied with the procedures outlined in Fayetteville's towing and release policy

by towing Mendonca's rental car given that Mendonca's driver's license was suspended

and the vehicle's registration and proof of insurance were both expired. Mendonca's rental

car was clearly subject to impoundment under these circumstances. In so holding, we

agree with the trial court's decision finding Officer Waddle would have been "derelict in his

duty" if he had simply issued Mendonca a citation for speeding and a license violation. We

also agree with the trial court's decision finding Officer Waddle "was correct in not permitting

a person whose license was under suspension to just drive away." This is because, as

explained by the trial court, "[h]ad he done so and [Mendonca] had injured someone by his

driving, the officer and his department would face civil liability for those injuries." Therefore,

Mendonca's first argument lacks merit.

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                              Mendonca's Second Argument

      {¶ 15} Mendonca next argues the trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress

because Officer Waddle had a pretextual, investigatory purpose for having his rental car

towed, thereby subjecting it to an inventory search. However, despite Mendonca's claims,

we can find no evidence to support such an assertion. There is, in fact, nothing to suggest

Officer Waddle was acting improperly and with some ulterior motive by making the decision

to have the Mendonca's rental car towed. The record instead establishes that Officer

Waddle was acting in good faith and well within the acceptable bounds set forth by the

Fayetteville towing and release policy by having Mendonca's rental car towed rather than

having the vehicle sit empty and unattended on the side of the road for an indeterminate

amount of time. See, e.g., State v. Edwards, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2022-02-005, 2022-

Ohio-2384, ¶ 27 ("finding nothing unreasonable about a police officer exercising his or her

discretion to have a vehicle towed out of a restaurant parking lot when the driver of that

vehicle cannot legally drive away from the scene, both literally and figuratively, due to the

driver having been placed under arrest, handcuffed, and secured in the back of a patrol car

for driving with a suspended license"). "An inventory search is reasonable when it is

performed in good faith and pursuant to standard police practice, and 'when the evidence

does not demonstrate that the procedure involved is merely a pretext for an evidentiary

search of the impounded automobile.'" State v. Resnick, Butler CA2006-05-118, 2007-

Ohio-3717, ¶ 13, quoting State v. Robinson, 58 Ohio St.2d 478, 480 (1979). Such is the

case here. Therefore, Mendonca's second argument also lacks merit.

                               Mendonca's Third Argument

      {¶ 16} Mendonca lastly argues the trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress

because Officer Waddle's search of his rental car's trunk area—specifically, the area behind

an access panel between the rental car's trunk liner and the vehicle's outside shell where

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the cocaine was hidden—was outside the scope of what could be considered a lawful

inventory search. However, while not explicit, Mendonca is essentially arguing that Officer

Waddle's inventory search should have been limited to just those designated storage areas

within a vehicle that are in plain view. This would include, for instance, his rental car's

passenger compartment, glovebox, center console, and trunk. We disagree.

       {¶ 17} "[T]he scope of an inventory search is not restricted to items in plain view."

State v. Semenchuk, 122 Ohio App.3d 30, 40 (8th Dist.1997). The scope of an inventory

search is also not restricted to just those areas that are designed and intended to be used

as storage. See, e.g., State v. Johnson, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 21AP-222, 2022-Ohio-

1733, ¶ 61-62 (finding officer did not exceed the scope of a lawful inventory search by

opening and reaching into the "space behind the access panel" located on the lower portion

of a vehicle's passenger side center console). The scope of an inventory search is in

actuality quite broad and, in most instances, includes "the contents of closed containers

and compartments so long as the search is administered in accordance with reasonable

police procedures." State v. Early, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 19161, 2002-Ohio-4112, ¶ 19.

This includes searches of a vehicle's engine compartment and areas within the engine

compartment. Johnson at ¶ 64, citing United States v. Lumpkin, 159 F.3d 983, 987-988

(6th Cir.1998); and United States v. Torres, 828 F.3d 1113, 1121 (9th Cir.2016) (upholding

inventory search of air filter compartment that was "obviously large enough to hold a firearm,

and could be opened by lifting the hood and releasing the latches on the box").

       {¶ 18} In this case, Officer Waddle's inventory search of Mendonca's rental car's

trunk area, including the area behind the access panel between the rental car's trunk liner

and outside shell where the cocaine was hidden, was conducted in accordance with Section

502.5 of the Fayetteville's vehicle towing and release policy. As noted above, that section

specifically provides that, "All property in a stored or impounded vehicle shall be inventoried

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and listed on the vehicle storage form. This includes the trunk and any compartments or

containers, even if they are closed and/or locked." Here, the cocaine was hidden behind

an access panel in the vehicle's trunk area, a place that falls squarely within what is

commonly understood to be a one of the vehicle's many easily accessible compartments.

Therefore, because Officer Waddle's inventory search of Mendonca's rental car did not

extend beyond the scope of what could be considered a lawful inventory search,

Mendonca's third argument likewise lacks merit. Accordingly, finding no merit to any of

Mendonca's three arguments raised herein, Mendonca's first assignment of error lacks

merit and is overruled.

                                      Assignment of Error No. 2:

        {¶ 19} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ENTERING A FINDING OF GUILTY

BECAUSE THE VERDICT WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE

THEREBY VIOLATING APPELLANT'S RIGHTS UNDER THE OHIO AND FEDERAL

CONSTITUTIONS.

        {¶ 20} In his second assignment of error, Mendonca argues the jury's verdicts finding

him guilty of both trafficking in cocaine and possession of cocaine were not supported by

sufficient evidence and were against the manifest weight of the evidence.1 We disagree.

              Sufficient Evidence and Manifest Weight of the Evidence Standards

        {¶ 21} "A claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence invokes a due process

concern and raises the question whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support the

jury verdict as a matter of law." State v. Clinton, 153 Ohio St.3d 422, 2017-Ohio-9423, ¶

165, citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386, (1997). To that end, "[w]hen

1. The text of Mendonca's second assignment of error indicates he is just challenging the jury's verdicts as
being against the manifest weight of the evidence. However, within the body of his brief, Mendonca also
claims the jury's verdicts were not supported by sufficient evidence. Therefore, in order to avoid the potential
for a motion for reconsideration, we will analyze Mendonca's second assignment of error under both the
sufficiency of the evidence and the manifest weight of the evidence standards of review.
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reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence underlying a criminal conviction, an appellate court

examines the evidence in order to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would

convince the average mind of the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt." State v.

Intihar, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2015-05-046, 2015-Ohio-5507, ¶ 9. In so doing, "[t]he

relevant inquiry is 'whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the

prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime

proven beyond a reasonable doubt.'" State v. Roper, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2021-05-

019, 2022-Ohio-244, ¶ 39, quoting State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two

of the syllabus. "This test 'requires a determination as to whether the state has met its

burden of production at trial.'" State v. Thompson, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2022-09-080,

2023-Ohio-559, ¶ 34, quoting State v. Boles, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2012-06-012, 2013-

Ohio-5202, ¶ 34.

       {¶ 22} On the other hand, "a manifest-weight-of-the-evidence standard of review

applies to the state's burden of persuasion." State v. Messenger, Slip Opinion No. 2022-

Ohio-4562, ¶ 26. To that end, "[a] manifest weight of the evidence challenge examines the

'inclination of the greater amount of credible evidence, offered at a trial, to support one side

of the issue rather than the other.'" State v. Dean, 12th Dist. Madison Nos. CA2021-08-013

and CA2021-08-014, 2022-Ohio-3105, ¶ 62, quoting State v. Barnett, 12th Dist. Butler No.

CA2011-09-177, 2012-Ohio-2372, ¶ 14. When determining whether a jury's verdict is

against the manifest weight of the evidence, this court must "review the entire record, weigh

the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses," and

"determine whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its way and

created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that we must reverse the conviction and order

a new trial." State v. Wilks, 154 Ohio St.3d 359, 2018-Ohio-1562, ¶ 168. Applying this

standard requires this court to function as a "thirteenth juror." State v. Martin, Slip Opinion

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No. 2022-Ohio-4175, ¶ 26. However, although acting as a "thirteenth juror," this court will

overturn a conviction for being against the manifest weight of the evidence only in

extraordinary circumstances where the evidence weighs heavily in favor of acquittal. State

v. Kaufhold, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2019-09-148, 2020-Ohio-3835, ¶ 10, citing State v.

Blair, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2014-01-023, 2015-Ohio-818, ¶ 43.

       {¶ 23} Given these principles, it is now well established that "[t]he concepts of

sufficiency of the evidence and weight of the evidence are legally distinct." State v. Fannin,

12th Dist. Warren No. CA2020-03-022, 2021-Ohio-2462, ¶ 47, citing State v. Wright, 12th

Dist. Butler No. CA2012-08-152, 2014-Ohio-985, ¶ 10. That is to say, "[a] verdict can be

against the manifest weight of the evidence even though legally sufficient evidence supports

it." State v. Hundley, 162 Ohio St.3d 509, 2020-Ohio-3775, ¶ 80, citing State v. Robinson,

162 Ohio St. 486, 487 (1955). Because of this, "a finding that a conviction is supported by

the weight of the evidence must necessarily include a finding of sufficiency." State v.

Perkins, 12th Dist. Fayette No. CA2009-10-019, 2010-Ohio-2968, ¶ 9. "This is because

legally sufficient evidence is required to take a case to the jury." State v. York, 12th Dist.

Butler No. CA2021-11-147, 2022-Ohio-2457, ¶ 25, citing State v. Hart, 12th Dist. Brown No.

CA2011-03-008, 2012-Ohio-1896, ¶ 43. Therefore, although challenges to the sufficiency

of the evidence and the manifest weight of the evidence require the application of

quantitatively and qualitatively different concepts, "[a] determination that a conviction is

supported by the manifest weight of the evidence will also be dispositive of the issue of

sufficiency." State v. Jones, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2012-03-049, 2013-Ohio-150, ¶ 19;

State v. August, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2018-12-136, 2019-Ohio-4126, ¶ 48.

                          Trafficking and Possession of Cocaine

       {¶ 24} The jury found Mendonca guilty of single counts of first-degree felony

trafficking in cocaine in violation of R.C. 2925.03(A)(2) and first-degree felony possession

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of cocaine in violation of R.C. 2925.11(A). To secure a guilty verdict against Mendonca for

trafficking in cocaine, the state was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that

Mendonca knowingly prepared for shipment, shipped, transported, delivered, prepared for

distribution, or distributed cocaine when he knew or had reasonable cause to believe that

the cocaine was intended for sale or resale by either himself or another person. However,

to secure a guilty verdict against Mendonca for possession of cocaine, the state was merely

required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Mendonca knowingly obtained,

possessed, or used cocaine. "A person acts knowingly, regardless of purpose, when the

person is aware that the person's conduct will probably cause a certain result or will

probably be of a certain nature."       R.C. 2901.22(B).      "A person has knowledge of

circumstances when the person is aware that such circumstances probably exist." Id.

                           Mendonca's Arguments and Analysis

       {¶ 25} Mendonca argues the jury's verdicts finding him guilty of both trafficking in

cocaine and possession of cocaine must be reversed because the state failed to offer any

evidence that "connected" him to the over two pounds of cocaine discovered hidden in the

trunk area of his rental car. To support this claim, Mendonca notes that he did not own the

vehicle in which the cocaine was hidden. Mendonca also notes that none of his "personal

items" were located in the trunk near where the brick of cocaine was found. Mendonca's

argument is essentially that the jury's verdicts cannot stand because he lacked the requisite

knowledge that a two-pound brick of cocaine was hidden in the trunk area of his rental car.

However, while Mendonca claims he was unaware that the brick of cocaine was there,

hidden in the trunk area of his rental car, whether the defendant knowingly possessed a

controlled substance is a question of fact for the trier of fact to decide. State v. Reyes, 6th

Dist. Wood No. WD-02-069, 2004-Ohio-2217, ¶ 20, citing State v. Jones, 1st Dist. Hamilton

No. C-880620, 1990 Ohio App. LEXIS 18 (Jan. 10, 1990). Therefore, as the trier of fact in

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this case, it was for the jury to decide whether Mendonca knowingly possessed the brick of

cocaine hidden in the trunk area of his rental car.

       {¶ 26} Moreover, although it would certainly be beneficial if direct evidence existed

in every case to prove the defendant was aware of a controlled substance's presence, direct

evidence is not necessary. Whether the defendant was aware of a controlled substance's

presence can instead be proven through circumstantial evidence. State v. York, 12th Dist.

Butler No. CA2021-11-147, 2022-Ohio-2457, ¶ 27, citing State v. Whitehead, 4th Dist.

Scioto No. 20CA3931, 2022-Ohio-479, ¶ 90. "'[C]ircumstantial evidence is sufficient to

sustain a conviction if that evidence would convince the average mind of the defendant's

guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.'" State v. McKnight, 107 Ohio St.3d 101, ¶ 75, quoting

State v. Heinish, 50 Ohio St.3d 231, 238 (1990).        More specifically, "[c]ircumstantial

evidence is proof of certain facts and circumstances in a given case, from which the jury

may infer other, connected facts, which usually and reasonably follow according to the

common experience of mankind." State v. Stringer, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2012-04-095,

2013-Ohio-988, ¶ 31. Therefore, absent an admission from the defendant, whether the

defendant was aware of a controlled substance's presence can only be determined by

considering all the surrounding facts and circumstances of the case. See State v. Hilton,

12th Dist. Butler No. CA2015-03-064, 2015-Ohio-5198, ¶ 20.

                 The Jury's Verdicts are Supported by Sufficient Evidence

       {¶ 27} After a thorough review of the record, including the lengthy trial transcript

generated in this case, we find the record contains more than enough evidence, albeit

circumstantial, to prove Mendonca was aware that there was a two-pound brick of cocaine

hidden in the trunk area of his rental car. This includes the evidence that Mendonca

admitted to using cocaine while on his travels and that Mendonca had a small baggie of

cocaine located with him in the rental car's passenger compartment. This also includes

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evidence that Mendonca's cellphone had saved a photograph of cocaine cut up into lines

laying on a scale, as well as a text message to Mendonca asking Mendonca if he had an

eight-ball of cocaine ready to sell.2 This is in addition to the evidence that Mendonca had

a large stack of cash in his rental car's glovebox. Therefore, because there was more than

enough evidence to prove Mendonca was aware that there was a two-pound brick of

cocaine hidden in the trunk area of his rental car, the jury's verdicts finding Mendonca guilty

of trafficking in cocaine and possession of cocaine were supported by sufficient evidence.

          The Jury's Verdicts are Not Against the Manifest Weight of the Evidence

       {¶ 28} The jury's verdicts finding Mendonca guilty of trafficking in cocaine and

possession of cocaine were also not against the manifest weight of the evidence. The jury

in this case heard the testimony and evidence presented at trial and determined that

Mendonca's claim alleging that he simply had no idea there was an over two-pound brick

of cocaine hidden in the trunk area of his rental car lacked credibility. A jury's verdict is not

against the manifest weight of the evidence simply because the jury believed the testimony

offered by the state. State v. Lunsford, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2010-10-021, 2011-Ohio-

6529, ¶ 17. This is because, as the trier of fact in this case, "the jury was in the best position

to judge the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given to the evidence." State v.

Johnson, 12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2019-07-076 and CA2019-08-080, 2020-Ohio-3501, ¶

24. Therefore, because the jury's verdicts finding Mendonca guilty of trafficking in cocaine

and possession of cocaine were supported by the evidence and not against the manifest

weight of the evidence, Mendonca's second assignment of error also lacks merit and is

overruled.

2. The record indicates that an "eight-ball" is a measurement used when buying cocaine that refers to an
eighth of an ounce.
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                                        Conclusion

       {¶ 29} Finding no merit to either of Mendonca's two assignments of error raised

herein, Mendonca's conviction for single counts of first-degree felony trafficking in cocaine,

first-degree felony possession of cocaine, third-degree felony aggravated trafficking in

drugs, and third-degree felony aggravated possession of drugs is affirmed.

       {¶ 30} Judgment affirmed.

       PIPER and BYRNE, JJ., concur.

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