Court Opinion

ID: 9632386
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-22 11:12:50.290016+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:08:14.686671
License: Public Domain

TOM GRAY, Justice,
dissenting.
The question in this appeal is whether damage alleged to have occurred as a result of a fire at the plant of a tire recycling *425company is covered by an insurance policy. The majority, after analyzing the policy and an extensive discussion of the definition of “waste,” construes the policy to provide coverage to the damages as alleged. Because the policy contains a “definition” of “waste” by reference to what is included within the meaning of the term which is contrary to the interpretation of the term as construed by the majority, I respectfully dissent.
Safe Tire is in the business of processing tires. They are designated by the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission as a waste tire processing facility. Their business is to operate “a facility ‘at which scrap tires are collected or deposited and shredded to facilitate the future extraction of useful materials for recycling, reuse, or energy recovery.’ ... Safe Tire processes scrap tires by separating them into rubber chips and wire pieces which Safe Tire stores at its facilities for later distribution.” Mid-Continent Casualty Company v. Safe Tire Disposal Corporation, 16 S.W.3d 418, 420 (Tex.App. — Waco, 2000).
It is undisputed that a fire began in one of the wire piles and spread to the piles of rubber chips. It is the smoke from this fire that resulted in alleged damages to area businesses, property and individuals. Various lawsuits were filed against Safe Tire. Safe Tire notified Mid-Continent to provide a defense and coverage. Mid-Continent responded that they were not liable because the insurance policy excluded coverage.
The clause in the insurance contract in dispute is referred to as a pollution exclusion clause. The pollution exclusion clause states that the policy does not provide coverage for:
I. 2. f. (1) “Bodily injury” or “property damage” arising out of the actual, alleged or threatened discharge, dispersal, seepage, migration, release or escape of pollutants:
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(b) At or from any premises, site or location which is or was at any time used by or for any insured or others for the handling, storage, disposal, processing or treatment of waste;
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Subparagraphs (a) and (d)(i) do not apply to “bodily injury” or “property damage” arising out of heat, smoke or fumes from a hostile fire.
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Pollutants means any solid, liquid, gaseous or thermal irritant or contaminant, including smoke, vapor, soot, fumes, acids, alkalis, chemicals and waste. Waste includes materials to be recycled, reconditioned or reclaimed.
The wire pieces and rubber chips that caught fire and burned were “to be recycled, reconditioned or reclaimed” within the meaning and terms of the pollution exclusion clause of the policy.1 There is no need to look outside the policy for a definition of waste. As a facility recognized by the Texas Natural Resource Conservation *426Commission as a waste tire processing facility, Safe Tire should not be surprised nor heard to complain that a Commercial General Liability insurance policy which contains a pollution exclusion clause denies coverage of a site from which waste might pollute neighboring property and cause damage.
A possibly confusing aspect of the analysis is a determination of whether the pollution exclusion applies because the pollution which was dispersed, migrated, released or escaped from the location was in the form of smoke, vapor, soot and fumes and not in the form of the actual waste products, in this case wire pieces and rubbers chips. It was not the waste directly, but the burning of the waste, that resulted in the alleged damages. Thus we must look to the terms of the policy to see how it applies to these facts.
The pollution exclusion clause at issue, I. 2. f.(l)(b), provides that there is no insurance if the escape of pollutants is from a premises, site or location where waste was stored or processed. However, the hostile fire clause (quoted above) provides coverage if the damages are from a hostile fire even though the damage is the result of what would otherwise be a pollutant, i.e. smoke, soot, etc. Thus, the hostile fire clause operates as an exception to the pollution exclusion clause. However, the hostile fire exception does not cover a fire at an excluded site. Because the site where the wire pieces and rubber chips were stored is a site excluded by the pollution exclusion clause, the damages alleged to have resulted from a fire at the excluded site are clearly not covered.
Safe Tire responds and the majority concludes that the policy provides no coverage and is meaningless if it does not cover this fire. Not true. If the administrative building had burned, instead of the piles of waste (at the site where they were stored), and the same type claims had been made against Safe Tire, there is little doubt that the claims would be covered by the terms of the policy. Additionally, fire was not the only risk insured against by the terms of the policy.
When the location at which the fire occurred is so clearly a place where waste, as described in the policy, was stored, and is therefore excluded from coverage under the express terms of the policy, Mid-Continent had no duty to defend the claims, much less provide coverage, for the alleged damages.
This is not unlike a petition which clearly describes a car which the owner did not include on an automobile policy. After the car is involved in a wreck, the owner says, <£Well I have another car that was not listed on the policy. But I do have an automobile insurance policy with your company. You have a duty to defend me and pay any damages, even though the premiums you charged me did not include coverage for the car involved in the wreck.” The result in this case should be equally obvious.
Based upon the foregoing analysis, I would reverse the declaratory judgment and render judgment that the pollution exclusion in the policy excludes coverage and the duty to defend claims which resulted from a fire at a site where piles of wire pieces and rubber chips that were to be recycled, reconditioned or reclaimed were stored.

. The majority redefines the term waste, as used in the policy, to be "unwanted by-products” and states that because the wire pieces and rubber chips were the desired products of shredding the tires they are not waste. It is undisputed that the wire pieces and rubber chips were to be recycled, reconditioned or reclaimed. Safe Tire wants the definition of waste contained in the policy to be limited to the use of the term in the definition of pollutants and thus construes it to also require it to be a thermal irritant or contaminant. We should not so limit our analysis. When waste is defined in the policy by reference to what is included in the meaning of the term, we are obligated to use those inclusive terms each time the defined term is used. In this policy that means the descriptive terms should be used in the clause describing sites for which no coverage is provided, not just in the definition of pollutants. The level of indention of the definition likewise indicates the definition of waste in the policy should be applied for each use of the term in the entire subsection.