Court Opinion

ID: 4296711
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-07-23 16:21:42.391137+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:40:17.311269
License: Public Domain

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                    FILED
MURRAY AMERICAN ENERGY, INC.,                                                       July 20, 2018
                                                                             EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
Employer Below, Petitioner                                                   SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                 OF WEST VIRGINIA

vs.)   No. 18-0120 (BOR Appeal No. 2052098)
                   (Claim No. 2016004423)

CAREY FITZWATER,
Claimant Below, Respondent

                             MEMORANDUM DECISION
       Petitioner Murray American Energy, Inc., by Aimee M. Stern and Denise D. Pentino, its
attorneys, appeals the decision of the West Virginia Workers’ Compensation Board of Review.
Carey Fitzwater, by Reginald D. Henry, his attorney, filed a timely response.

       The issue on appeal is the addition of a compensable condition to the claim. The claims
administrator denied the addition of major depression to the claim on January 19, 2017. The
Office of Judges affirmed the decision in its July 14, 2017, Order. The Order was reversed by the
Board of Review on January 16, 2018, and major depression was added to the claim. The Court
has carefully reviewed the records, written arguments, and appendices contained in the briefs,
and the case is mature for consideration.

       This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision is appropriate under Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate
Procedure.

        Mr. Fitzwater, a coal miner, was injured in the course of his employment on August 11,
2015, when he was electrocuted. Treatment notes from Wheeling Hospital that day indicate Mr.
Fitzwater was shocked at work with 300 volts of electricity. He reported pain in his back, left
upper arm, chest, and neck, as well as shortness of breath and numbness in the left arm. Chest x-
rays showed no abnormalities. A CT scan of the head and neck was also normal. Mr. Fitzwater
was diagnosed with an electrical injury.

       An August 12, 2015, treatment note by Ross Tennant, FNP, indicates Mr. Fitzwater had
returned to full duty work. His only complaint was some numbness and tingling in the left hand,
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which was resolving. Mr. Tennant opined that Mr. Fitzwater appeared to be recovering well and
released him to full duty work with no restrictions. Mr. Fitzwater submitted a report of injury on
August 13, 2015, which indicates he was electrocuted. The diagnoses were listed as injury of the
face and neck, rupture of synovium, lower back pain, abnormal involuntary movements, and
painful respiration.

       Mr. Fitzwater returned to Mr. Tennant on August 17, 2015, with complaints of continued
left arm numbness, which was improving. However, Mr. Fitzwater was now experiencing
headaches after long periods of working. A treatment note by Wadih Kabbara, M.D., dated
September 1, 2015, states that Mr. Fitzwater reported anxiety and pain. He had undergone some
physical therapy for his shoulder and it was improving. The impressions were shoulder
contusion, anxiety, and hypertension.

        Mr. Fitzwater followed up with Mr. Tennant on September 10, 2015, and the treatment
note indicates he had been having heart palpitations over the previous few weeks. He had pain in
his left arm and hand. The diagnoses were electrical exposure, heart palpitations, left forearm
extensor muscle strain, and left upper extremity numbness. An EKG was performed and showed
sinus bradycardia. Mr. Tennant ordered physical therapy for the left forearm.

       Mr. Fitzwater was admitted to Raleigh General Hospital on September 21, 2015,
following seizure and chest pain. Dr. Kabbara’s diagnoses at discharge were seizure disorder,
hypertension, and chest pain. On October 1, 2015, Mr. Fitzwater was still having seizures and
returned to the hospital. The diagnoses were posttraumatic seizures and episodic tension type
headaches. The claims administrator held the claim compensable for injury of the face and neck
on October 2, 2015. Painful respiration, hypermobility syndrome, lumbago, and abnormal
involuntary movements were denied as compensable conditions.

       On October 6, 2015, Dr. Kabbara noted that Mr. Fitzwater was still having seizures. He
was diagnosed with electric shock; sequela; and anxiety irritability, possibly depression related.
A treatment note by Georgianna Richards, M.D., dated October 13, 2015, indicates Mr. Fitzwater
reported constant headaches and left arm numbness. He also reported seizures and left side
weakness. The diagnoses were convulsions, left hemiparesis, electric shock, memory
impairment, and chronic headaches.

        In a November 3, 2015, follow up, Dr. Kabbara stated that Mr. Fitzwater continued to
have seizures. He had developed anxiety and irritability, possible related to depression from the
trauma. A psychiatric evaluation was recommended and performed by Khalid Hasan, M.D., on
November 30, 2015. Dr. Hasan noted that Mr. Fitzwater was suffering from depression and
anxiety. He also had problems with his memory and was very forgetful. Mr. Fitzwater stated that
he had been depressed and despondent. Dr. Hasan diagnosed depressive disorder, generalized
anxiety disorder, and history of panic disorder. A neuropsychiatric evaluation was recommended
to rule out cognitive problems.

       On May 20, 2016, Debra Mooney, DRM, with Dr. Hasan’s office, treated Mr. Fitzwater
and stated that he reported continued depression. He was diagnosed with major depressive
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disorder. On July 15, 2016, he was seen for follow up. He was stable and Ms. Mooney diagnosed
recurrent major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. The claims administrator added
unspecified abnormal involuntary movements, left sided hemiplegia, and posttraumatic seizures
to the claim on September 7, 2016.

        In an October 17, 2016, diagnosis update, the diagnoses were listed as electrocution,
pseudoseizures, and major depression. On October 20, 2016, Omar Hasan, M.D., stated in a
treatment note that Mr. Fitzwater reported increased depression and some irritability. Dr. Hasan
diagnosed major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and adjustment disorder with mixed
anxiety and depression. Mr. Fitzwater followed up with Dr. Khalid Hasan on January 10, 2017,
and indicated that he was doing better, though the diagnoses remained major depression and
generalized anxiety disorder. The claims administrator denied the addition of major depression to
the claim on January 19, 2017.

        In an independent forensic psychiatric evaluation on April 12, 2017, Bobby Miller, M.D.,
noted that Mr. Fitzwater reported left side weakness, seizures, clumsiness, tingling, numbness,
depression, anxiety, headaches, trouble concentrating, and unstable emotions since his
compensable injury. Mr. Fitzwater denied any prior psychiatric history; however, Dr. Miller
noted a prior diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder and complaints of anxiety, depression,
and panic attacks at WVU Medicine on October 11, 2011. Dr. Miller also found that at the time
of the August 11, 2015, injury, Mr. Fitzwater was already taking Xanax. Dr. Miller diagnosed
conversion disorder and mixed personality disorder. He opined that Mr. Fitzwater did not
develop major depression as a result of the compensable injury. He stated that Mr. Fitzwater had
failed on several antidepressants and that the most likely reason for his mood instability is a
personality disorder. Dr. Miller found that Mr. Fitzwater developed conversion disorder as a
result of the compensable injury, but West Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20 (2006) does not
allow for compensability of the condition.

        The Office of Judges affirmed the claims administrator’s denial of the addition of major
depression to the claim in its July 14, 2017, Order. It first found that West Virginia Code of State
Rules § 85-20-12.2 (2006) states that psychiatric disorders must be caused or aggravated by a
work injury or disease and that symptoms must manifest within six months of the injury. Dr.
Hasan’s initial evaluation on November 20, 2015, in which he diagnosed depressive disorder,
was within the six month time period. The Office of Judges next found that the medical evidence
submitted fails to meet the criteria set forth in West Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20-12.4
(2006). This section provides that in order for a psychiatric condition to be compensable, the
treating physician must consult a psychiatrist who is to determine if there is a psychiatric
diagnosis, whether the condition is related to the compensable injury, and the specific facts and
circumstances relied on to establish such connection. The Office of Judges determined that Dr.
Khalid Hasan failed to provide the specific facts and circumstances in his report to establish a
connection between Mr. Fitzwater’s major depression and the compensable injury. His treatment
notes were also found to lack a causal connection. Further, on the diagnosis update form, the
question regarding findings on which the current diagnosis is based and how the condition relates
to the compensable injury was not answered in regard to major depression or pseudoseizures.

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Therefore, the Office of Judges concluded that persuasive evidence was not introduced showing
a compensable psychiatric diagnosis in this claim.

        The Office of Judges further found that Dr. Miller’s forensic psychiatric evaluation found
that Mr. Fitzwater did not develop major depression as a result of the compensable injury. Dr.
Miller concluded after psychological testing, that Mr. Fitzwater is not a reliable reporter of his
symptoms. While he complained of depression, he failed on several antidepressants. Dr. Miller
opined that the most likely reason for this is that his mood disturbance is rooted in a personality
disorder. Dr. Miller found that Mr. Fitzwater met the criteria for conversion disorder as a result
of his injury, but that condition cannot be held compensable under West Virginia Code of State
Rules § 85-20.

        The Board of Review reversed the Office of Judges’ Order and added major depression to
the claim on January 16, 2018. It found, after a review of the evidence, that Mr. Fitzwater did not
suffer from depression immediately after the injury. However, it found that it was well
documented that he began suffering from depression after he was diagnosed with a seizure
disorder as a result of the compensable injury. Post-traumatic seizures are a compensable
component of the claim. The Board of Review also concluded that Dr. Miller’s report was not
reliable. It found that a preponderance of the evidence establishes that Mr. Fitzwater suffers from
major depression as a result of the compensable injury.

        After review, we agree with the reasoning and conclusions of the Board of Review. The
evidence of record demonstrates that Mr. Fitzwater’s depression developed after he was
diagnosed with a seizure disorder. The seizure disorder was determined to be a result of the
compensable injury and post-traumatic seizures is a compensable component of the claim. The
claim is therefore also compensable for major depression.

        For the foregoing reasons, we find that the decision of the Board of Review is not in clear
violation of any constitutional or statutory provision, nor is it clearly the result of erroneous
conclusions of law, nor is it based upon a material misstatement or mischaracterization of the
evidentiary record. Therefore, the decision of the Board of Review is affirmed.

                                                                                        Affirmed.

ISSUED: July 20, 2018

CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Robin J. Davis
Justice Menis E. Ketchum

DISSENTING:
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker

Justice Loughry, Allen H., II suspended and therefore not participating.
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