Court Opinion

ID: 4552539
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-07-31 17:02:34.674336+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:08:37.921500
License: Public Domain

Case: 20-10375      Date Filed: 07/31/2020    Page: 1 of 5

                                                                 [DO NOT PUBLISH]

               IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                       FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                         ________________________

                                No. 20-10375
                            Non-Argument Calendar
                          ________________________

                   D.C. Docket No. 6:04-cr-00104-JA-LRH-2

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                     Plaintiff - Appellee,

versus

BENNIE C. RIVERA,
a.k.a. Mario Quinones,
a.k.a. Carlos Alberto Quinones,

                                             Defendant - Appellant.
                          ________________________

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Middle District of Florida
                        ________________________

                                   (July 31, 2020)

Before GRANT, LUCK, and TJOFLAT, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
               Case: 20-10375     Date Filed: 07/31/2020   Page: 2 of 5

      Bennie Rivera, proceeding pro se, appeals the District Court’s two orders (1)

denying his motion for relief under the First Step Act and (2) denying his motion

for reconsideration. The Government has responded by moving to dismiss the

appeal as untimely, for summary affirmance, and to stay the briefing schedule.

                                          I.

      The Government’s motion to dismiss this appeal as untimely is GRANTED

to the extent Rivera seeks review of the District Court’s October 22, 2019 order

denying his motion to reduce his sentence under the First Step Act. See Fed. R.

App. P. 4(b)(1)(A)(i) (providing that the time for a defendant to appeal in a

criminal case is 14 days). Because the government has raised the issue of

timeliness and invoked the rule as to that order, “we must apply the time limits of

Rule 4(b).” United States v. Lopez, 562 F.3d 1309, 1314 (11th Cir. 2009).

Rivera’s motion for reconsideration is dated November 28, 2019, 37 days after the

Court’s order. Filing a motion for reconsideration can extend the Rule 4(b) time

for appeal until the Court rules on the motion, but only if the motion is filed within

14 days of the order being reconsidered. See United States v. Russo, 760 F.2d

1229, 1230 (11th Cir. 1985) (“A motion for reconsideration of the denial of a Rule

35 motion must be filed within the period of time allotted for the filing of a notice

of an appeal in order to extend the time for filing a notice of appeal.”). Because

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                 Case: 20-10375       Date Filed: 07/31/2020       Page: 3 of 5

Rivera did not file his motion within that time, his eventual appeal of the District

Court’s order — mailed January 24, 2020 — is untimely.1

                                               II.

       Summary disposition is appropriate where “the position of one of the parties

is clearly right as a matter of law so that there can be no substantial question as to

the outcome of the case, or where, as is more frequently the case, the appeal is

frivolous.” Groendyke Transp., Inc. v. Davis, 406 F.2d 1158, 1162 (5th Cir.

1969). 2 An appeal is frivolous if it is “without arguable merit either in law or

fact.” Napier v. Preslicka, 314 F.3d 528, 531 (11th Cir. 2002).

       The Fair Sentencing Act, enacted on August 3, 2010, amended 21 U.S.C. §§

841(b)(1) and 960(b) to reduce the sentencing disparity between cocaine base and

powder cocaine offenses. Fair Sentencing Act of 2010, Pub. L. No. 111-220, §§

2(a)-(b); 124 Stat. 2372. Section 2 of the Fair Sentencing Act changed the quantity

of crack cocaine necessary to trigger a 10-year mandatory minimum from 50

       1
          Rivera’s appeal of the Court’s second order, which denied Rivera’s motion for
reconsideration on January 3, 2020, is also untimely, as the appeal was filed 21 days later.
However, because the delay falls within the 30-day window within which a District Court may
extend time to file a notice of appeal if excusable neglect or good cause is shown, Fed. R. App.
P. 4(b)(4), the Government instead argues that the order should be summarily affirmed because
Rivera’s arguments are plainly without merit. This would obviate the need to remand the case to
determine whether Rivera can demonstrate excusable neglect. See 11th Cir. R. 42-4. (“If it shall
appear to the court at any time that an appeal is frivolous and entirely without merit, the appeal
may be dismissed.”).
        2
          In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc), this
Court adopted as binding precedent all decisions of the former Fifth Circuit handed down prior
to the creation of the Eleventh Circuit on September 30, 1981.

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              Case: 20-10375     Date Filed: 07/31/2020    Page: 4 of 5

grams to 280 grams and the quantity necessary to trigger a 5-year mandatory

minimum from 5 grams to 28 grams. Id. § 2(a)(1)-(2); see also 21 U.S.C.

§§ 841(b)(1)(A)(iii), (B)(iii). These amendments were not made retroactive to

defendants who were sentenced prior to the enactment of the Act. United States v.

Berry, 701 F.3d 374, 377 (11th Cir. 2012).

      In 2018, Congress enacted the First Step Act, which makes retroactive the

statutory penalties for covered offenses enacted under the Fair Sentencing Act. See

First Step Act of 2018, Pub. L. No. 115-391, § 404, 132 Stat. 5194. Under §

404(b) of the First Step Act, a district court “that imposed a sentence for a covered

offense may . . . impose a reduced sentence as if sections 2 and 3 of the Fair

Sentencing Act . . . were in effect at the time the covered offense was committed.”

Id. § 404(b). Under § 404(a), a “covered offense” is “a violation of a Federal

criminal statute, the statutory penalties for which were modified by section 2 or 3

of the Fair Sentencing Act . . . that was committed before August 3, 2010.” Id.

§ 404(a). The First Step Act further provides that “[n]othing in this section shall

be construed to require a court to reduce any sentence pursuant to this section.” Id.

§ 404(c).

      There is no question that Rivera is ineligible for relief under the First Step

Act because the offense for which he was sentenced is not a “covered offense”

under the Act. Id. § 404(a). The First Step Act and, by extension, the Fair

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Sentencing Act only address the sentencing disparity between cocaine base and

powder cocaine offenses. See id. § 404(b); 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1). Neither

provision allows for reduced sentences for convictions concerning heroin, which is

the conviction Rivera is currently serving.3

       There is no substantial question as to the outcome of the case, and the

Government’s position is correct as a matter of law. See Groendyke, 406 F.2d at

1162. Accordingly, the Government’s motion for summary affirmance is

GRANTED and its motion to stay the briefing schedule is DENIED as moot.

       3
          Rivera argues that the First Step Act nonetheless applies because his mandatory
minimum sentence was increased due to a 1994 conviction for conspiracy to possess with intent
to distribute 5 grams of crack cocaine — a “covered offense.” See 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A);
First Step Act § 404(a); Fair Sentencing Act § 2(a)(2). Rivera is incorrect; nothing in the text of
the First Step Act extends the retroactive effect of the Fair Sentencing Act to covered offenses
that are used as sentencing enhancements for non-covered offenses. See First Step Act § 404(b)
(“A court that imposed a sentence for a covered offense may . . . impose a reduced sentence as if
sections 2 and 3 of the [Fair Sentencing Act] were in effect at the time the covered offense was
committed.”) (emphasis added).
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