Court Opinion

ID: 175191
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-09-13 16:27:55+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:25:33.857029
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                            United States Court of Appeals
                                                                    Tenth Circuit

                                                                September 13, 2010
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                  Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                    Clerk of Court
                              FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

    RAQUEL CASTILLO-TORRES,

                Petitioner,

    v.                                                    No. 09-9568
                                                      (Petition for Review)
    ERIC H. HOLDER, JR.,
    Attorney General of the United States,

                Respondent.

                              ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before HARTZ, O’BRIEN, and HOLMES, Circuit Judges.

         Raquel Castillo-Torres petitions for review of an order by the Board of

Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissing her appeal of orders by the immigration

judge (IJ) denying her application for cancellation of removal and her requests for

a continuance and for voluntary departure. She argues that (1) the IJ and BIA

*
       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and
collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent
with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
applied an incorrect legal standard to determine whether she had been convicted

of a crime involving moral turpitude under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(I); (2) she

has not been convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude; and (3) her requests

for a continuance and for voluntary departure should have been granted.

Exercising jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, we deny the petition for review of

the denial of cancellation of removal and the denial of a continuance. Also, we

dismiss for lack of jurisdiction her petition for review of the order denying her

voluntary departure.

                                 BACKGROUND

      The Department of Homeland Security brought removal proceedings

against Ms. Castillo-Torres, a native of Mexico who entered the United States in

1995 without inspection. Although she admitted her removability, she sought

cancellation of removal or voluntary departure. In addition, she sought a

continuance based on an approved immigrant-visa petition. The agency moved to

pretermit, asserting that she had been convicted of crimes involving moral

turpitude.

      Ms. Castillo-Torres had been convicted of two crimes in 2007. She was

convicted of providing false personal information to a peace officer in violation

of Utah Code Ann. § 76-8-507(2) 1 and was sentenced to 365 days of

1
       Section 76-8-507(2) provides that it is a misdemeanor for a person “with
the intent of leading a peace officer to believe that the person is another actual
                                                                        (continued...)

                                         -2-
imprisonment, with 358 days suspended. Also, she was convicted of making false

statements at a preliminary hearing in violation of Utah Code Ann. § 76-8-504.5 2

and was sentenced to 180 days of imprisonment, with all 180 days suspended.

      The IJ pretermitted Ms. Castillo-Torres’s applications for relief and denied

a continuance. In a thorough and well-reasoned written decision, the IJ concluded

that she had been convicted of crimes involving moral turpitude. Relying on the

Attorney General’s opinion in Matter of Silva-Trevino, 24 I. & N. Dec. 687

(2008), and citing several other decisions, the IJ decided that a violation of

§ 76-8-507(2) is a crime involving moral turpitude because it requires an intent to

deceive the government. For essentially the same reason, the IJ concluded that

Ms. Castillo-Torres’s conviction under § 76-8-504.5 is also a crime involving

moral turpitude. And because an immigrant visa would be unavailable for

1
 (...continued)
person, [to] give[] the name, birth date, or address of another person to a peace
officer acting in the lawful discharge of the peace officer’s official duties.”
2
       Section 76-8-504.5 provides that it is a misdemeanor for a person to make a
false statement
       (a) which the person does not believe to be true;
       (b) that the person has reason to believe will be used in a preliminary
       hearing; and
       (c) after having been notified either verbally or in writing that:
              (i) the statement may be used in a preliminary hearing before a
       magistrate or a judge; and
              (ii) if the person makes a false statement after having received
       this notification, he is subject to a criminal penalty.

                                         -3-
approximately three years, the IJ found no good cause to grant a continuance until

the visa became current.

      The BIA adopted and affirmed the IJ’s decision, and dismissed

Ms. Castillo-Torres’s appeal. After examining the two Utah statutes, the BIA

held that Ms. Castillo-Torres’s crimes involved moral turpitude, making her

ineligible for cancellation of removal. With respect to the conviction for

providing false information to a peace officer under § 76-8-507(2), the BIA

concluded that intent to deceive an officer was an essential part of the crime, and

the crime therefore necessarily involved moral turpitude within the meaning of

the term in § 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(I). Likewise, because the conviction under

§ 76-8-504.5 for making a false statement at a preliminary hearing also

involved an intent to deceive, the BIA agreed with the IJ that the conviction

was for a crime involving moral turpitude. The BIA further decided that

Ms. Castillo-Torres could not establish the required period of good moral

character necessary for voluntary departure. And it held that she had failed to

show good cause for a continuance to pursue adjustment of status. This petition

for review followed.

                                    ANALYSIS

                                         I.

      “Because a single member of the BIA decided [Ms. Castillo-Torres’s]

appeal and issued a brief opinion, we review the BIA’s decision as the final

                                         -4-
agency determination and limit our review to issues specifically addressed

therein.” Kechkar v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 1080, 1083 (10th Cir. 2007) (internal

quotation marks omitted). But we may consider the IJ’s decision for a further

explanation of the grounds for the agency’s decision. See Uanreroro v. Gonzales,

443 F.3d 1197, 1204 (10th Cir. 2006).

      We review the BIA’s conclusions of law de novo and findings of fact for

substantial evidence. See Razkane v. Holder, 562 F.3d 1283, 1287 (10th Cir.

2009). “[W]e review jurisdictional questions de novo.” Itaeva v. INS, 314 F.3d

1238, 1240 (10th Cir. 2003).

                                        II.

      To be eligible for cancellation of removal under 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1),

Ms. Castillo-Torres had the burden to show that (1) she had been present in the

United States for ten years; (2) her moral character had been good for ten years;

(3) she had not been convicted of certain crimes, including crimes involving

moral turpitude; and (4) her removal would result in exceptional and extremely

unusual hardship to a qualifying relative. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(4) (placing

burden of proof on alien to establish eligibility); Garcia v. Holder, 584 F.3d

1288, 1289–90 (10th Cir. 2009) (recognizing burden is on alien when alien is

removable). Only the third prong is at issue in this case.

                                        -5-
                                         A.

      Ms. Castillo-Torres argues that neither the IJ nor the BIA applied the

proper legal standard to determine whether she had been convicted of a crime

involving moral turpitude. She points out that the IJ (although not the BIA) cited

the BIA’s opinion in Silva-Trevino and contends that the analytical method set

forth in that opinion is flawed, as the Third Circuit held in Jean-Louis v. Attorney

General, 582 F.3d 462, 464, 470–82 (3d Cir. 2009). But the actual analysis by

both the IJ and the BIA in this case did not involve any of the alleged errors in

the Silva-Trevino approach. Both tribunals looked solely at the elements of each

Utah offense and decided that any commission of the offense would involve moral

turpitude. Therefore, we need not address whether we agree with Silva-Trevino in

that respect. We need only determine whether the BIA (and IJ) analysis of the

Utah statutes was correct, a task to which we now turn.

                                         B.

      Section 1182(a)(2)(A)(i) does not define crime involving moral turpitude.

Ms. Castillo-Torres relies on the Ninth Circuit’s opinion in Blanco v. Mukasey,

518 F.3d 714 (9th Cir. 2008). That opinion held that giving false identification

information to a police officer to mislead the officer or to evade proper

identification was not a crime involving moral turpitude if the only “benefit” to

giving the false statement was to impede law enforcement and not to obtain

something tangible. Id. at 718–20. Ms. Castillo-Torres argues that the Utah

                                         -6-
statutes do not require an intent to obtain anything tangible and therefore are not

crimes of moral turpitude.

      We are not persuaded. We have said that “[m]oral turpitude refers to

conduct which is inherently base, vile, or depraved, contrary to the accepted rules

of morality and the duties owed between man and man, either one’s fellow man or

society in general.” Wittgenstein v. INS, 124 F.3d 1244, 1246 (10th Cir. 1997)

(internal quotation marks omitted). A crime that requires fraud always involves

moral turpitude. See id. (citing Jordan v. De George, 341 U.S. 223, 232 (1951)).

And “almost all courts have held that intentionally deceiving the government

involves moral turpitude.” Padilla v. Gonzales, 397 F.3d 1016, 1020 (7th Cir.

2005) (internal quotation marks omitted).

      Most importantly, the BIA has held that making false statements to

government authorities with an intent to mislead them is turpitudinous.

See In re Jurado-Delgado, 24 I. & N. Dec. 29, 35 (2006). We “must respect the

interpretation of the agency to which Congress has delegated the responsibility

for administering the statutory program.” INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 U.S. 421,

448 (1987); see Tapia Garcia v. INS, 237 F.3d 1216, 1220–21 (10th Cir. 2001)

(when statute is arguably subject to different interpretations, appellate court

defers to BIA’s interpretation if it is reasonable). In light of the Seventh Circuit’s

decision in Padilla, we cannot say that the BIA’s construction of moral turpitude

is unreasonable.

                                          -7-
                                         C.

      Ms. Castillo-Torres next contends that the record fails to show that she was

convicted of making false statements at a preliminary hearing. She contends that

one Utah court document indicates that she was convicted of giving a false

statement at a preliminary hearing whereas another indicates that her conviction

was for possession of a controlled substance. But she did not raise this argument

before the BIA. Her failure to do so is a failure to exhaust administrative

remedies and deprives us of jurisdiction to hear the claim on appeal. See

Rivera-Zurita v. INS, 946 F.2d 118, 120 n.2 (10th Cir. 1991).

                                        III.

      Ms. Castillo-Torres argues that her request for a continuance should have

been granted because she had not been convicted of a crime involving moral

turpitude and because she is the beneficiary of an approved immigrant visa

petition. In Yerkovich v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 990, 995 (10th Cir. 2004), “[w]e

h[e]ld that 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(ii) bars review of the IJ’s discretionary

decision denying petitioner’s motion for a continuance.” See also 8 C.F.R.

§ 1003.29 (“The Immigration Judge may grant a motion for continuance for good

cause shown.”). The Supreme Court, however, recently held that decisions made

discretionary by regulation do not come within that statutory bar and are

reviewable. See Kucana v. Holder, 130 S. Ct. 827, 831 (2010). “Because

an IJ’s discretion to deny a request for a continuance arises from a regulation,

                                         -8-
8 C.F.R. § 1003.29, we possess jurisdiction to consider the denial of

[Ms. Castillo-Torres’s] motion for continuance under Kucana.” Hernandez v.

Holder, 606 F.3d 900, 903 (8th Cir. 2010); accord Kwak v. Holder, 607 F.3d

1140, 1143 (6th Cir. 2010).

      We review the decision to deny Ms. Castillo-Torres a continuance for an

abuse of discretion. See Bauge v. INS, 7 F.3d 1540, 1543 (10th Cir. 1993). Only

if the decision “was made without a rational[] explanation, inexplicably departed

from established policies, or rested on an impermissible basis,” will we grant the

petition for review. Nunez-Pena v. INS, 956 F.2d 223, 226 (10th Cir. 1992);

accord Umezurike v. Holder, 610 F.3d 997, 1002 (7th Cir. 2010); Kwak, 607 F.3d

at 1143–44.

      Ms. Castillo-Torres has not made this showing. As discussed above, she

has been convicted of crimes involving moral turpitude. Although her father, who

is a United States citizen, filed an I-130 immigrant visa petition on her behalf and

the petition was approved, the IJ was not required to grant a continuance on that

ground. The approval of the petition merely placed her on a waiting list for a

visa. See United States v. Atandi, 376 F.3d 1186, 1191–92 (10th Cir. 2004).

Only after the immigrant visa became available could she seek adjustment of

status. See 8 U.S.C. § 1255(i)(2)(B). Because Ms. Castillo-Torres did not have

an immediately available visa, we conclude that the IJ did not abuse his discretion

in denying a continuance based on his estimate that it would be approximately

                                         -9-
three years before the immigrant visa became available. See Chacku v. U.S. Att’y

Gen., 555 F.3d 1281, 1286 (11th Cir. 2008) (IJ did not abuse his discretion in

denying continuance because petitioner did not have immigrant visa immediately

available).

                                        IV.

      Finally, Ms. Castillo-Torres argues that she should have been allowed

voluntary departure. But we lack jurisdiction to consider this claim because she

asserts no legal or constitutional issue. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229c(f); id.

§ 1252(a)(2)(B)(i); Ekasinta v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 1188, 1190 (10th Cir. 2005).

                                  CONCLUSION

      We DENY Ms. Castillo-Torres’s petition for review of the denial of

cancellation of removal and the denial of a continuance. We DISMISS for lack of

jurisdiction her argument concerning voluntary departure.

                                                    Entered for the Court

                                                    Harris L Hartz
                                                    Circuit Judge

                                        -10-