Court Opinion

ID: 4639407
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-12-03 22:03:45.933373+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:58:56.034683
License: Public Domain

2020 IL App (1st) 191384
                                              No. 1-19-1384
                                      Opinion filed December 3, 2020

                                                                          FOURTH DIVISION

                                                   IN THE

                                   APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                                             FIRST DISTRICT

     THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF                        )       Appeal from the Circuit Court
     ILLINOIS,                                         )       of Cook County.
                                                       )
            Plaintiff-Appellee,                        )
                                                       )
            v.                                         )       No. 17 CR 4286
                                                       )
     JASON VAN DYKE,                                   )       The Honorable
                                                       )       Vincent M. Gaughan,
            Defendant,                                 )       Judge, presiding.
                                                       )
     (Chicago Public Media, Inc., WLS                  )
     Television, Inc.; WFLD Fox 32 Chicago,            )
     WGN Continental Broadcasting Company,             )
     Chicago Tribune Company, L.L.C., and              )
     Sun-Times Media, L.L.C., Intervenors-             )
     Appellants).                                      )

                     PRESIDING JUSTICE GORDON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
                     Justices Hall and Lavin concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                               OPINION

¶1               This appeal involves the denial of access to the media in a criminal case. In the highly

       publicized criminal case of People v. Jason Van Dyke, the trial court entered an “interim

       decorum order” to manage trial publicity and the media to ensure that defendant Van Dyke

       received a fair trial. The criminal defendant is not a party to the instant appeal.
     No. 1-19-1384

¶2             Appellants Chicago Public Media, Inc.; WLS Television, Inc.; WFLD Fox 32 Chicago;

       WGN Continental Broadcasting Company; Chicago Tribune Company, L.L.C.; and Sun-

       Times Media, L.L.C. are not appealing the entry of the trial court’s interim decorum order in

       this case—nor could they, since they previously moved to vacate only a modification of that

       order, and our supreme court swiftly granted their relief within 12 days after they requested a

       supervisory order.

¶3             The order appealed from in this case was entered posttrial, and it ordered certain

       documents to remain under seal. Three months after its entry and two months after this appeal

       was filed, the trial court ordered the 18 remaining sealed documents to be released with some

       redactions. However, the media appellants claim that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to grant

       any relief at this time.

¶4             For the following reasons we dismiss a part of this appeal for lack of jurisdiction, and

       we affirm in part.

¶5                                          BACKGROUND

¶6             This case stems from the shooting death of 17-year old Laquan McDonald by Chicago

       police officer Jason Van Dyke on October 20, 2014. Defendant Van Dyke was charged on

       November 24, 2015, with first degree murder and official misconduct.

¶7             On January 20, 2016, the trial court issued, without objection, an “Interim Decorum

       Order” that provided, in full:

                   “It is the Order of this court that no attorney connected with this case as Prosecutor

               or Defense Counsel, nor any other attorney working in or with the offices of either of

               them, nor their agents, staff, or experts, nor any judicial officer or court employee, nor

                                                     2
No. 1-19-1384

        any law enforcement employee of any agency involved in this case, nor any persons

        subpoenaed or expected to testify in this matter, shall do any of the following:

                1. Release or authorize the release for public dissemination any purported

           extrajudicial statement of either the defendant or witnesses relating to this case;

                2. Release or authorize the release of any documents, exhibits, photographs or

           any evidence, the admissibility of which may have to be determined by the Court;

                3. Make any statement for public dissemination as to the existence or possible

           existence of any documents, exhibits, photographs or any evidence, the

           admissibility of which may have to be determined by the Court;

                4. Express outside of court an opinion or make any comment of public

           dissemination as to the weight, value, or effect of any evidence as tending to

           establish guilt or innocence;

                5. Make any statement outside of court as to the content, nature, substance, or

           effect of any statements or testimony that is expected to be given in any proceedings

           in or relating to this matter;

                6. Make any out-of-court statement as to the nature, source or effect of any

           purported evidence alleged to have been accumulated as a result of the investigation

           of this matter.

                7. This Decorum Order also incorporates Article VIII. Illinois Rules of

           Professional Conduct, effective January 1, 2010.

           This Order does not include any of the following:

                1. Quotations from, or any reference without comment to, public records of the

           Court in the case.

                                             3
       No. 1-19-1384

                            2. The scheduling and result of any stage of the judicial proceedings held in

                      open court in an open or public session.

                            3. Any witness may discuss any matter with any Prosecution or Defense

                      Attorney in this action, or any agent thereof, and if represented may discuss any

                      matter with his or her own attorney.

                      Anyone in violation of this court order may be subject to contempt of court.”

¶8           On February 3, 2017, the trial court modified the interim decorum order with an order that

         stated, in full:

                      “To be in compliance with the decorum order entered January 20, 2016:

                      IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that any documents or pleadings filed in this matter

                 are to be filed in room 500 of the George N. Leighton Criminal Courthouse only. This

                 order applies to the defense, special prosecutor, and any other party that may

                 occasionally become involved in these proceedings. This procedure will remain in

                 effect unless and until otherwise ordered by the court.”

¶9               On March 8, 2018, the media appellants were granted leave to intervene in the Van

         Dyke case.

¶ 10             On May 11, 2018, they moved for a supervisory order in the Illinois Supreme Court to

         vacate the February 3, 2017, order. The media appellants’ proposed supervisory order asked

         for the following relief:

                      “(1) That the February 2017 Decorum Order is vacated;

                      (2) That going forward, all motions, briefs, pleadings, and other judicial documents

                 in this case shall be filed publicly in the Circuit Court Clerk’s Office, subject to any

                 properly supported motion to seal; and

                                                        4
       No. 1-19-1384

                    (3) That in ruling on any such future motion to seal judicial records, or any motion

                to reconsider [the trial court’s] earlier sealing of any previously filed judicial records,

                [the trial court] shall adhere to the governing First Amendment standards and enter

                specific, on-the-record judicial findings supporting suppression under those standards,

                or release such records in whole or in part, consistent with consideration of the least

                restrictive alternatives to complete suppression.”

¶ 11            Twelve days after the media appellants filed their motion, our supreme court

         “[a]llowed” it and issued a supervisory order on May 23, 2018, that stated, in full:

                    “This cause coming to be heard on the motion of movants, Chicago Public Media,

                Inc., et al, due notice having been given to respondent, and the Court being fully

                advised in the premises:

                    IT IS ORDERED: Motion by Movants for a supervisory order. Allowed. The

                Circuit Court of Cook County is directed to vacate its February 3, 2017, order, directing

                that all documents and pleadings shall be filed in Room 500 of the George N. Leighton

                Criminal Courthouse only. All documents and pleadings shall be filed in the circuit

                clerk’s office. The parties may move to file any document under seal.” Chicago Public.

                Media, Inc. v. Hon. Vincent M. Gaughan, No. 123569 (Ill. May 23, 2018).

¶ 12            On May 24, 2018, the trial court entered an order (1) vacating its February 3, 2017,

         order; (2) requiring all filings to be made with the clerk of the court, with courtesy copies

         provided to the trial court on the same day; and (3) requiring a “filing party” to “first notify the

         opposing party of its intention” to file a document and “the nature of the document” to be filed

         in order “to afford the other party fair opportunity to request the document be sealed.”

                                                        5
       No. 1-19-1384

¶ 13               On August 7, 2018, the media appellants moved the supreme court again for a

           supervisory order, this time asking for an order directing the trial court (1) to unseal 35

           documents sealed prior to the supreme court’s May 23, 2018, supervisory order, unless the

           parties filed new and publicly filed motions to seal these documents, and (2) to vacate the trial

           court’s May 24, 2018, order and require the public filing of all future requests under seal. On

           September 12, 2018, the supreme court issued an order stating that the media appellants’

           “motion for supervisory order is dismissed.” 1

¶ 14               Defendant Van Dyke’s jury trial began on September 17, 2018, and his jury returned a

           verdict on October 5, 2018, finding him guilty of second-degree murder and aggravated battery

           with a firearm.

¶ 15               On October 26, 2018, the media appellants filed a motion titled a “Post-Trial Motion

           to Unseal Court Records,” seeking to unseal court records then under seal and citing in support

           the Illinois Supreme Court’s recent decision on October 18, 2018, in People v. Zimmerman,

           2018 IL 122261 (denying media intervenors access to pretrial motions in a criminal case).

           Specifically, the media appellants sought the release of 99 documents, which they described

           on an attached list. To the extent that any records contained any sensitive information, the

           media appellants argued that they should be redacted. On January 14, 2019, the trial court

           continued the media appellants’ motion for unsealing until after sentencing. Defendant Van

           Dyke was sentenced on January 18, 2019, and he filed a notice of appeal on February 8, 2019. 2

               1
                 The order explained: “In this case, two Justices of this Court have recused themselves and the
       remaining members of the Court are divided so that it is not possible to secure the constitutionally
       required concurrence of four judges for a decision (Ill. Const. 1970, art. IV, sec. 3).” Chicago Public
       Media, Inc. v. Hon. Vincent M. Gaughan, No. 123880 (Ill. Sept. 12, 2018).
               2
                 On September 29, 2020, defendant Van Dyke moved to dismiss his appeal, which this court
       granted on October 9, 2020. People v. Van Dyke, No. 1-19-0398 (Oct. 9, 2020).
                                                            6
       No. 1-19-1384

¶ 16               On February 28, 2019, Brandon Smith filed a motion as a “third-party journalist,”3

           seeking to intervene and to modify the 2016 interim decorum order, in order to permit the

           release of certain documents by the Chicago Police Department. The department had denied

           part of his Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request based on the 2016 order. See 5 ILCS

           140/1 et seq. (West 2018). On March 8, 2019, the media appellants filed a four-paragraph

           document stating that they “hereby join in” Smith’s motion. In their concluding paragraph,

           they stated that they “seek the relief requested by Mr. Smith” and “adopt his arguments in

           support thereof.”

¶ 17               On March 15, 2019, the media appellants filed a “Status Report Regarding [Their]

           Posttrial Motion to Unseal” which stated that the trial court had previously asked the State,

           defendant, and the media appellants to meet in order to reach an agreement on what documents

           should be released. That effort was largely successful, and the media appellants reported that

           neither the defense nor the State objected to the release of 87 court records and 2 transcripts

           and that only 21 records remained under dispute.

¶ 18               On April 5, 2019, the media appellants filed a proposed agreed order “Regarding

           [Their] Post-Trial Motion to Unseal Court Records.” The proposed order stated that “[t]his

           matter” was “coming to be heard” on the media appellants’ “Post-Trial Motion to Unseal Court

           Records” and was entered “by agreement” among the State, defendant Van Dyke, and the

           media appellants. In the order, the media appellants sought the release of 87 documents, as

           well as the transcripts, “including sidebar deliberations,” of a May 10, 2018, hearing and “all

               3
                Smith’s motion did not identify a journal or an employer. According to his alma mater, Columbia
       College, he was a freelance journalist at the time. Jeremy Borden, How a Little Known, Uber-driving
       Freelancer Brought the Lawsuit that Forced Chicago to Release a Police Shooting Video, Colum.
       Journalism Rev. (Nov. 25, 2015), https://www.cjr.org/united_states_project/brandon smith_chicago_
       police_laquan_mcdonald.php [https://perma.cc/F5RU-3QZZ].
                                                          7
       No. 1-19-1384

         trial proceedings.” On April 10, 2019, the trial court granted the proposed order in its entirety,

         adding only details about copying charges and that production in “10 days” meant “10 business

         days.”

¶ 19              At a hearing on April 10, 2019, the parties discussed the remaining 21 documents in

         dispute, and the media appellants’ attorney repeatedly asked the court to consider redacting

         them to permit release. The State objected to the release because the documents contained

         grand jury material and information concerning the juvenile victim, Laquan McDonald. When

         the court agreed with the State, the media appellants’ attorney asked: “Would you please

         reconsider and consider redacting the grand jury information[?]” The media appellants argued

         that “the least restrictive means would warrant redactions if there’s a reference to grand jury

         material.”

¶ 20              On April 10, 2019, the trial court also entered an order (1) that denied Smith’s motion

         to intervene and to modify the interim decorum order, (2) that modified the decorum order to

         permit city employees to answer certain questions about their e-mails and texts regarding the

         Laquan McDonald shooting, as Smith had requested, and (3) that denied the media appellants’

         motion to modify to the extent that they had joined in Smith’s motion. Regarding the last item,

         the trial court stated at the hearing: “your motion to join is denied. How can they join anything

         that doesn’t exist?” Smith’s attorney and the trial court then had the following exchange:

                      “MR. TOPIC: I guess the question would there be—and I don’t know whether they

                  would do this. Would it be moot for them to file the same motion that we filed because

                  you went through the merits of it, and so I get the sense—

                      THE COURT: Well, then they can file that. And we’ll hear it at some time later on

                  down the road, maybe.”

                                                       8
       No. 1-19-1384

         However, at this point in time, the trial court ruled that the media appellants “joined in a

         nullity,” since the court did not allow Smith to intervene. To Smith, the trial court stated: “I’m

         not ruling on your motion [to vacate] because it’s not before me because I denied your right to

         intervene.” To the media appellants’ counsel, the trial court stated that their motion “[g]oes

         down with his motion to intervene.”

¶ 21            On May 9, 2019, the media appellants moved the trial court “to reconsider or clarify its

         April 10, 2019[,] denial of [the media appellants’] request, through their joinder in a motion

         by would-be intervenor Brandon Smith, to modify the January 20, 2016,” order, on the ground

         that the order was being used by the city and the Chicago Police Department as a ground for

         withholding documents from FOIA requests. As part of its motion to reconsider, the media

         appellants asked the court to vacate the 2016 order or, “at a minimum,” modify it to state that

         it is not a basis for third parties to withhold documents.

¶ 22            On May 23, 2019, the trial court entered a written order regarding “the Post-Trial

         Motion of [the media appellants] for access to certain materials.” The order, which indicated

         that it had been prepared by the media appellants’ counsel, stated that the trial court had

         previously granted access to “certain agreed-upon materials,” that “[t]here remained 21”

         documents “that were the subject” of objections by the State, that a list of those 21 documents

         was attached to the order, and that “Document Nos. 1 through 17 and Document No. 20” were

         to remain under seal. At the hearing on May 23, 2019, the media appellants had withdrawn

         their request to unseal documents 18, 19, and 21, which concerned United States Department

         of Justice (DOJ) employees. With respect to these three documents, the order directed the

         special prosecutor to request them from DOJ.

                                                       9
       No. 1-19-1384

¶ 23            At the May 23 hearing, the media appellants’ attorney again suggested redacting the 18

         documents so that they could be released:

                    “APPELLANTS’ ATTORNEY: Before court this morning, [the special prosecutor]

                told me that he was prepared to make redactions and tender to the Court redacted

                versions of some of the materials relating to the motions to dismiss the indictment based

                on alleged misconduct ***. And it’s actually what I suggested back on April 10th ***

                And we favor going forward with a redaction process to see if we can avoid an appeal

                under those issues.”

         These 18 documents included documents concerning defendant Van Dyke’s motions to dismiss

         the indictment based on misconduct (dismissal documents). With respect to these dismissal

         documents, the special prosecutor explained how he had redacted information that was not

         subject to disclosure:

                    “SPECIAL PROSECUTOR: What I have done since April 10th is gone through

                those documents and redacted any reference to Grand Jury testimony. In one of those

                documents there is a complete transcript of the Grand Jury proceedings attached[. I am]

                proposing that that is removed. The identity of any witnesses or anyone who appeared

                before the Grand Jury, to redact all of that information in a way to kind of compromise.

                What would remain in those documents would be allegations that were made by the

                defense in the motions to dismiss. *** [O]ne proposed resolution would be to redact

                identities, actual quotations from Grand Jury testimony, summaries and inferences

                drawn from the testimony before the Grand Jury. *** So that’s what I discussed with

                [the media appellants’ attorney] before court this morning.”

                                                     10
       No. 1-19-1384

          The special prosecutor argued that that the trial court had previously found that “there was not

          a scintilla of evidence to support the allegations” that defendant Van Dyke had made in these

          documents and, thus, no reason to keep them sealed.

¶ 24              Defendant Van Dyke’s attorney objected to what the State said, and the trial court

          replied: “Maybe you should take that up on appeal on Mr. Van Dyke’s case.” The trial court

          then found that its sealing order would stand. It is these 8 documents, later released in the

          redacted form described above, that are at issue on appeal.

¶ 25              Also at the May 23, 2019, hearing, the trial court orally found, with respect to the media

          appellants’ motion to reconsider, that, once the court had denied Smith’s motion 4 to intervene,

          there was nothing for the media appellants to join and, thus, the media appellants’ joinder

          motion “fell with his motion.” The court explained that it had entered an order giving Smith

          “all [he] wanted” and, “if he’s done, you’re done.” When the media appellants argued, pursuant

          to their motion to reconsider, that the court should vacate the 2016 interim decorum order, the

          special prosecutor responded: “But there was no motion by Counsel to vacate the decorum

          order that was before this court on April 10th, *** [o]nce [the trial court] denied [Smith’s

          motion to intervene.” The special prosecutor argued that, since there had been “no new filing”

          by the media appellants, “other than a motion to reconsider what was denied on April 10th,”

          there was no motion for the court now to resolve. The trial judge agreed that this was his

          “interpretation” and “now you can’t file. All right. That’s it.” The court found: “your motion

          to litigate—I mean to vacate the decorum order is denied, and I’m setting it nunc pro tunc to

              4
               During the hearing, the parties referred to Smith’s motion as “Topic’s” motion. Matthew Topic
       was Smith’s attorney.
                                                        11
       No. 1-19-1384

         the other ruling.” The media appellants did not object to the court’s nunc pro tunc order,

         entering the denial as of April 10, 2019.

¶ 26               When the trial court inquired if there was anything else, the media appellants replied:

         “We’d like a final order.” The State responded that it felt like they were “repeating”

         themselves, and the court agreed. The media appellants repeated “all we want is a final order.”

         The trial court stated orally in court: “Here is my final order, all right, denied. That’s it.” When

         the media appellants’ attorney asked the trial court, “[s]o we’re done with you?” the court

         replied: “Never.” The media appellants’ attorney persisted, stating that he “just want[ed] clarity

         in the record that there [were] no issues left” from the media appellants, and the trial court

         agreed.

¶ 27               On June 21, 2019, the media appellants filed a notice of appeal alleging that the trial

         court’s May 23, 2019, “order” was a final order, since it “resolv[ed] all pending matters raised

         by Intervenors-Appellants in the above captioned [Van Dyke] case.” The media appellants

         stated that they were appealing the trial court’s May 23, 2019, order and “all matters [that]

         merged into the May 23 Final Order, including: (1) the April 10, 2019[,] Order denying [the

         media appellants’] motion to modify the Decorum Order, and (2) the Decorum Order entered

         on January 20, 2016).” The notice alleged that this court had jurisdiction “[p]ursuant to Illinois

         Supreme Court Rule 303, or if deemed appropriate, Rule 307(a) and/or Rule 605.”

¶ 28               On July 2, 2019, Smith moved again to intervene and also for an in camera inspection

         of four documents being withheld by the Chicago Police Department from a FOIA response,

         on the basis of the trial court’s 2016 interim decorum order. Smith had filed suit in chancery

         court against the Chicago Police Department challenging its FOIA response to him. Smith v.

         Chicago Police Department, No. 16 CH 03254 (Cir. Ct. Cook County). On May 3, 2019, the

                                                       12
       No. 1-19-1384

         chancery court issued an order finding: “this Court defers to [the trial court], in the first

         instance, to determine whether disclosure of the four documents would be prohibited by his

         Order.” Smith, No. 16 CH 03254 (Cir. Ct. Cook County, May 3, 2019). None of the media

         appellants were a party to Smith’s chancery suit.

¶ 29            On July 31, 2019, the trial court issued an order stating that the four withheld

         documents were, in fact, prohibited from disclosure by the trial court’s 2016 order, that the

         2016 order was modified to allow for the production of these four documents, and that the

         matter was continued to August 14, 2019.

¶ 30            On August 14, 2019, the special prosecutor in the Van Dyke case moved the trial court

         to lift the interim decorum order entered in 2016. The notice of motion stated that it was e-

         mailed to the media appellants’ attorneys and that the matter was scheduled for September 4,

         2019. The media appellants did not move in the circuit court or in this court to stay these

         proceedings. See Ill. S. Ct. R. 305(d) (eff. July 1, 2017) (a motion for a stay may be made to

         the reviewing court upon a showing “that application to the circuit court is not practical”).

¶ 31            In his motion, the prosecutor argued that the 2016 order applied “to a mere 18 items

         that currently remain under seal” and that it had no other continuing effect, since it depended

         on a “ ‘determination’ ” of “ ‘admissibility’ ” by the trial court in the underlying Van Dyke

         case, which was then over. The motion observed that the State had already redacted these 18

         items to comply with state law and that the media appellants had indicated at a prior hearing

         that they favored redaction as an alternative to appeal. The motion included a proposed order

         that stated (1) “[t]he Special Prosecutor’s Motion to Lift the Decorum Order entered on

         January 20, 2016[,] is granted” and (2) “[t]he 18 items currently under seal shall be released in

         redacted form.”

                                                      13
       No. 1-19-1384

¶ 32            On August 14, 2019, the special prosecutor and counsel for the city appeared in front

         of the trial court. The prosecutor informed the court that he had “sen[t] notice out” concerning

         his motion and he had received no objections from defendant or the media appellants or “any

         of the other individuals who have petitioned to intervene.” The trial court observed:

                       “And I think a reasonable explanation to that would be other than the third-party

                interven[o]rs, the other ones, if they—my understanding is that they appealed my

                orders about sealing 18 of the documents. And so if they come in here and start saying

                some things, then they might—well, they wouldn’t reinvest jurisdiction, so they’d be

                kicked out of the Appellate Court.”

¶ 33            On September 4, 2019, the trial court signed the proposed order in its entirety, without

         changes. The transcript indicates that Van Dyke’s counsel was present but the media

         appellants’ attorneys did not attend. Explaining the redactions, the special prosecutor stated

         that he had

                “redacted only information that contains personal identifiable information about

                La[q]uan McDonald that would be—that is protected by the Juvenile Court Act and

                then transcripts or quotations of testimony before the Grand Jury including the identity

                of any witness that would have testified before any of the Grand Jury proceedings in

                the underlying criminal case.”

         Counsel for the City of Chicago, who was also present, stated that the City supported the

         prosecutor’s motion.

¶ 34            On August 23, 2019, the media appellants filed a motion in the appellate court,

         claiming: “There are 17 documents at issue in this appeal that are currently under seal in the

         Circuit Court.” The media appellants listed the 17 documents by title and filing date and

                                                      14
       No. 1-19-1384

         requested an order directing the circuit court of Cook County to transmit these 17 documents

         under seal to the appellate court, which we granted.

¶ 35             Briefing in the instant appeal began six months later, with the first brief filed January

         8, 2020. The appellate record in this case was received in 12 different e-filings, over the course

         of nine months, with the documents often not in chronological order. We want to remind the

         parties that we do read the record and perform our own independent review and analysis of it,

         and that it is the appellants’ responsibility to provide “a,” i.e., one, coherent and complete table

         of contents. Ill. S. Ct. R. 342 (eff. Oct. 1, 2019).

¶ 36                                               ANALYSIS

¶ 37             The media appellants’ first claim is that the trial court erred by failing to vacate the

         interim decorum order after the Van Dyke jury returned a verdict in October 2018.

¶ 38             Although the media appellants’ initial appellate brief argued that the trial court

         improperly entered the order and asked this court to find that its entry was improper, the media

         appellants’ reply brief clarified that they are challenging only “the maintenance” of the interim

         decorum order “rather than the entry” of the order “itself.” (Emphasis in original.) The reply

         brief emphasized that “what this appeal is about” is “the maintenance of the [d]ecorum [o]rder

         after the jury returned its verdict.”

¶ 39             The media appellants’ second claim is that the trial court erred by “maintaining” under

         seal, after the jury’s verdict, the documents regarding defendant’s motion to dismiss, and the

         media appellants ask this court to order the documents’ release in unredacted form.

¶ 40                                              I. Jurisdiction

¶ 41             First, we must consider whether we have jurisdiction. A reviewing court has an

         independent duty to consider its own jurisdiction. People v. Smith, 228 Ill. 2d 95, 104 (2008).

                                                        15
       No. 1-19-1384

           Questions concerning appellate jurisdiction are questions of law that are considered de novo.

           In re Marriage of Kelly, 2020 IL App (1st) 200130, ¶ 21 (hereinafter Marriage of Kelly).

           Generally, de novo consideration means that a reviewing court performs the same analysis that

           a trial judge would perform. People v. Aljohani, 2020 IL App (1st) 190692, ¶ 78. However,

           “[w]hen there is no ruling below for us to review,” de novo review means that “our legal

           consideration is made on a blank slate.” People v. Kirklin, 2015 IL App (1st) 131420, ¶ 104.

¶ 42                                   A. First Claim: Interim Decorum Order

¶ 43               The media appellants argue that the trial court’s order “of May 23, 2019 is the adverse

           judgment appealed from.” As noted above, on May 23, 2019, the trial court (1) orally denied

           the media appellants’ motion to reconsider the April 10 order and (2) issued a written order

           maintaining a few documents under seal. We consider first our jurisdiction over the denial of

           the motion to reconsider. 5

¶ 44               The basis for our jurisdiction is significant because, if the proper basis for jurisdiction

           is Illinois Supreme Court Rule 307, then we lack jurisdiction with respect to the media

           appellants’ first claim. Rule 307 does not provide jurisdiction over the media appellants’

           motion to join Smith’s motion to intervene and vacate because it is well established that, under

           Rule 307, a motion to reconsider does not toll the time to appeal. E.g., In re Marriage of

           Salviola, 2020 IL App (1st) 182185, ¶ 39 (citing a number of cases); Ill. S. Ct. R. 307(a)(7)

           (eff. Nov. 1, 2017) (“the appeal must be perfected within 30 days from the entry of the

           interlocutory order by filing a notice of appeal”). Thus, the media appellants’ time to appeal

               5
               In their appellate brief filed January 8, 2020, the media appellants stated specifically that they
       were appealing “from the May 23, 2019 Final Order denying Intervenors’ Motion to Reconsider.”
                                                            16
       No. 1-19-1384

           under Rule 307 expired 30 days after the entry of the original April 10, 2019, order, or on May

           10, 2019, and the media appellants did not appeal until over a month later, on June 21, 2019. 6

¶ 45               The State concedes that we have jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 303. However, a

           concession by the State does not confer jurisdiction upon us. As we noted above, a reviewing

           court has an independent duty to consider its own jurisdiction. Smith, 228 Ill. 2d at 104. The

           filing of a notice of appeal is the jurisdictional step that initiates review. Smith, 228 Ill. 2d at

           104. Without a properly filed notice, “a reviewing court has no jurisdiction over the appeal and

           is obliged to dismiss” the appeal. Smith, 228 Ill. 2d at 104.

¶ 46               In People v. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d 232 (2009) (hereinafter R. Kelly) , we set forth the

           proper vehicle for appealing a denial of access to the media in a criminal case. That vehicle

           was an immediate appeal pursuant to Rule 307. R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 247.

¶ 47               The parties were well aware of our decision in the R. Kelly case. They cited to it and

           quoted from it repeatedly in the court below. After the R. Kelly case, our supreme court decided

           the Zimmerman case, which also found Rule 307 to be the proper vehicle for providing

           jurisdiction to the appellate court. Zimmerman, 2018 IL 122261, ¶ 20. The media appellants

           moved the trial court to consider Zimmerman, only eight days after it was decided, and thus,

           they were aware that it was instructive in conferring jurisdiction in access-to-the-media cases.

           Yet, they chose to wait to file their notice of appeal.

¶ 48               In R. Kelly, this court affirmed on appeal a “Decorum Order,” issued by the same trial

           judge, that is virtually identical to the interim decorum order entered here. R. Kelly, 397 Ill.

               6
                In addition, the denial of the media appellants’ motion to reconsider was entered nunc pro tunc
       as of April 10, 2019. Thus, even if the media appellants’ ability to appeal this issue was alive and well on
       May 23, 2019, it vanished when the trial court entered the denial, without any objection, nunc pro tunc
       back to April 10, 2019.
                                                            17
       No. 1-19-1384

           App. 3d at 270 (“we find that the trial court’s Decorum Order was not an abuse of discretion

           by the trial court”). Compare R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 239-40 (quoting the R. Kelly decorum

           order in full), with supra ¶ 7 (quoting the decorum order in the instant case). 7 The R. Kelly

           intervenors included at least two of the appellants before us now, represented by at least one

           of the same counsel. Unlike here, the R. Kelly intervenors filed their own independent motion

           to vacate, and unlike here, they appealed the denial of that motion within 30 days pursuant to

           Rule 307. R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 240-41. In R. Kelly, we stated that “the question” before

           us was “whether the path to review” for a media intervenor denied access was “Supreme Court

           Rule 307(a) or some other rule or statute.” R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 245.

¶ 49               Rule 307(a) provides that “[a]n appeal may be taken to the Appellate Court from an

           interlocutory order of court: (1) granting, modifying, refusing, dissolving, or refusing to

           dissolve or modify an injunction.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 307(a)(1) (eff. Nov. 1, 2017). “[A] trial court’s

           order denying access to a media intervenor is ‘in the nature of injunctive relief.’ ” R. Kelly, 397

           Ill. App. 3d at 245 (quoting A.P. v. M.E.E., 354 Ill. App. 3d 989, 990-91 (2004)).

¶ 50               After an exhaustive review of precedent, we found, unequivocally, that Rule 307 is and

           has been “the appropriate vehicle” in this state for an appeal by media intervenors denied

           access to documents that they may find to be newsworthy. R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 248,

           250 (noting the media’s interest in “ ‘newsworthy’ ” documents).

¶ 51               Citing our decision in R. Kelly with approval, the supreme court also found that “Rule

           307(a)(1) has long been the vehicle in Illinois for appellate review of orders denying access to

           criminal records or proceedings.” Zimmerman, 2018 IL 122261, ¶ 20. The State in Zimmerman

               7
                Appellants concede in their appellate brief that the interim decorum order in the instant case
       “substantially tracks the order in” the R. Kelly case.
                                                           18
       No. 1-19-1384

           asked the supreme court “to refer the issue to our rules committee for consideration of the

           proper vehicle for reviewing orders denying access to criminal records or proceedings.”

           Zimmerman, 2018 IL 122261, ¶ 21. However, our supreme court “f[ou]nd that unnecessary,”

           given that the proper vehicle was already well established in our state as Rule 307. Zimmerman,

           2018 IL 122261, ¶¶ 21-22.

¶ 52               The media appellants also argue that we have jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 303 and that

           their notice of appeal deprived the trial court of jurisdiction to vacate the interim decorum

           order—but that the earlier notice of appeal filed by defendant Van Dyke did not.

¶ 53               In support of their argument that the trial court lacked jurisdiction, the media appellants

           cite Daley v. Laurie, 106 Ill. 2d 33, 37 (1985), but that case actually undercuts their argument.

           In Laurie, the supreme court found that, once the criminal defendant had filed his notice of

           appeal, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to entertain any further motions in the case. The

           supreme court explained that, after a notice of appeal is filed in a criminal case, “the cause is

           beyond the jurisdiction of the trial court.” Laurie, 106 Ill. 2d at 38.

¶ 54               Their argument illustrates the wisdom of not relying on Rule 303 in media intervenor

           cases—what is final to one will not be final to another, as shown by Smith’s and the State’s

           later motions and the grant of the very relief that the media appellants claim they sought. The

           media appellants fail to explain why their notice of appeal would cut off the trial court’s

           jurisdiction with respect to Smith or the State, any more than defendant’s notice of appeal

           would cut off jurisdiction with respect to them. 8

               8
                 The two cases cited by the media appellants in their reply brief do not address the issues raised
       by two notices of appeal. In Cain v. Sukkar, 167 Ill. App. 3d 941, 945 (1988), no notice of appeal had
       been filed prior to the motion at issue. In General Motors Corp. v. Pappas, 242 Ill. 2d 163, 173-74
       (2011), our supreme court found that the circuit court retains jurisdiction to consider certain matters after

                                                            19
       No. 1-19-1384

¶ 55               Rule 303(a)(1) provides in relevant part that

               “[t]he notice of appeal must be filed with the clerk of the circuit court within 30 days after

               the entry of the final judgment appealed from, or, if a timely posttrial motion directed

               against the judgment is filed, *** within 30 days after the entry of the order disposing of

               the last pending postjudgment motion directed against that judgment or order.” Ill. S. Ct.

               R. 303(a)(1) (eff. July 1, 2017).

           The media appellants filed their notice of appeal within 30 days of the May 23, 2019, orders;

           so, if Rule 303 applied, then their notice would be timely.

¶ 56               The media appellants claim that they joined in Smith’s motion to intervene and to

           vacate, that this motion was denied on April 10, 2019, and that they filed a motion to reconsider

           that was denied on May 23, 2019. If one strains to apply the language of Rule 303 to these

           facts in order to find jurisdiction over the media appellants’ claim to vacate, then “the final

           judgment” becomes the order on April 10 denying the motion to intervene and to vacate, and

           the media appellants’ motion to reconsider must then be a “posttrial motion directed against

           the judgment.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 303(a)(1) (eff. July 1, 2017). A denial merely to “reconsider” is

           obviously not a final judgment unto itself; the final judgment is what the court was being asked

           to reconsider.

¶ 57               The problem with trying to cast the April 10 order as a “final judgment” regarding the

           media appellants is, of course, the problem observed below by the trial court itself—there never

           was a pending motion to vacate for them to join. Ill. S. Ct. R 303(a)(1) (eff. July 1, 2017). In a

           short four-paragraph document, the media appellants merely asked to “join in” Smith’s motion.

       the filing of a notice of appeal, such as a stay of judgment, a petition of fees or costs, or the award of
       judgment interest. Neither case addressed issues relating to two notices of appeal, injunctions or
       interlocutory orders, or unrelated parties.
                                                             20
       No. 1-19-1384

         However, once his motion to intervene was denied, there was no pending motion to vacate for

         the media appellants to join in. Therefore, their theory is contrary to the law, as made and

         provided.

¶ 58               If it is the written order concerning the 18 documents that is considered “the final

         judgment” for purposes of Rule 303, then the April 10 order denying Smith’s motion to

         intervene must be considered a necessary step to this order, for us to have jurisdiction over it.

         Ill. S. Ct. R. 303(a)(1) (eff. July 1, 2017); Direct Auto Insurance Co. v. Bahena, 2019 IL App

         (1st) 172918, ¶ 43 (an appeal is deemed to include an interlocutory order if it was a necessary

         step in the procedural progression to the order before us); Filliung v. Adams, 387 Ill. App. 3d

         40, 50 (2008). However, we fail to see how the denial of another’s motion to intervene could

         be considered a “necessary step” in the resolution of the media appellants’ already pending

         motion regarding a short list of specified documents. See Marriage of Kelly, 2020 IL App (1st)

         200130, ¶¶ 23-25 (where a trial court’s prior orders denying access to media intervenors were

         immediately appealable under Rule 307, appellate court lacked jurisdiction to consider these

         prior orders, although intervenors had appealed 30 days after the trial court’s last and final

         order).

¶ 59               Straining to fit this case into the words of Rule 303 shows the wisdom of handling these

         types of matters under Rule 307. This is, after all, a criminal case. The parties are the State and

         defendant. The “final judgment” in this criminal case was the conviction and sentence entered

         against defendant Van Dyke. The media appellants are not parties to the criminal case but

         rather are intervenors who are trying to protect their first amendment rights and the first

         amendment rights of the public by challenging injunctions against access and release of

         information. On appeal, those challenges are best handled, as we and the supreme court have

                                                       21
       No. 1-19-1384

           both found, through Rule 307. Since an appeal under Rule 307 is untimely, we lack jurisdiction

           to consider the appeal of the trial court’s denial of the media appellants’ motion to reconsider

           the denial of their motion to join in Smith’s motion to intervene and vacate. 9

¶ 60               The media appellants also ask us to consider the possibility of jurisdiction under Illinois

           Supreme Court Rule 605 (eff. Oct. 1, 2001), which governs appeals in criminal cases. Rule

           605 provides, in relevant part, that “the right to appeal the judgment of conviction *** will be

           preserved only if a notice of appeal is filed in the trial court within thirty (30) days from the

           date on which sentence is imposed.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 605(a)(3)(A) (eff. Oct. 1, 2001). In their

           initial brief, the media appellants argued: “to the extent this Court treats this case as a criminal

           appeal because it arises from a criminal case, the Court has appellate jurisdiction pursuant to

           Illinois Supreme Court Rule 605.” However, to the extent that this was a criminal case, final

           judgment was entered on January 18, 2019, when defendant Van Dyke was sentenced. Van

           Dyke filed a notice of appeal on February 8, 2019, and any rights the media appellants possibly

           had to appeal under Rule 605 expired 30 days after the entry of the final judgment in his case.

           We observe that, in their reply brief, the media appellants do not argue for jurisdiction under

           Rule 605.

¶ 61               For all the above reasons, we do not have jurisdiction to consider the media appellants’

           first claim regarding the trial court’s oral denial of their motion to reconsider the denial of

           Smith’s motion to intervene and vacate.

               9
                  Yet another advantage of handling media access orders pursuant to Rule 307 is it removes the
       fear of reinvesting the trial court with jurisdiction. In their appellate brief, the media appellants observe
       that they did not appear in subsequent proceedings after filing a notice of appeal from the “final” decision,
       for fear of reinvesting the trial court with jurisdiction and jeopardizing their appeal. If each media access
       order is considered as an interlocutory order, that fear is eliminated, allowing both the parties and the
       courts greater flexibility.
                                                            22
       No. 1-19-1384

¶ 62                            B. Order Denying Release of 18 Documents

¶ 63            We do, however, have jurisdiction under Rule 307 to consider the appeal of the trial

         court’s written order, also entered on May 23, 2019, denying the release of 18 listed documents.

         The notice of appeal of that interlocutory order was timely filed under Rule 307, less than 30

         days after the order was entered.

¶ 64                                         II. Dismissal Documents

¶ 65            Although the order covered 18 documents, the media appellants challenge the order on

         appeal with respect to only 8 documents and ask this court to order the release of these 8

         documents in “full” or unredacted form.

¶ 66            When reviewing the denial of a motion by media intervenors to unseal a court file, we

         review the trial court’s decision only for an abuse of discretion, whether the claimed right of

         access is based on the first amendment, common law, or statute. Marriage of Kelly, 2020 IL

         App (1st) 200130, ¶ 32; R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 256; see also Zimmerman, 2018 IL 122261,

         ¶ 44 (“the trial court did not abuse its discretion by allowing” certain documents “to remain

         sealed”); Skolnik v. Altheimer & Gray, 191 Ill. 2d 214, 233 (2000). An abuse of discretion

         occurs when the trial court’s decision is arbitrary, fanciful, or unreasonable or where no

         reasonable person would take the position adopted by the trial court. People v. Thompson, 2020

         IL App (1st) 171265, ¶ 84.

¶ 67            In their initial appellate brief, the media appellants describe the documents at issue as

         “the eight documents filed with the Circuit Court concerning motions to dismiss the indictment

         based on allegation of misconduct by the State’s Attorney.” Although the subsequently

         released 18 documents are part of the appellate record, the media appellants do not provide

         record citations for the particular 8 documents that they are disputing. The 18 documents have

                                                       23
       No. 1-19-1384

         titles and are stamped with the dates that they were filed in the circuit court, but the media

         appellants do not identify the disputed documents by either title or filing date.

¶ 68             In its response brief, the State argues that the “eight” documents that the media

         appellants seek are actually the seven documents that the media appellants listed on March 15,

         2019, in their “Status Report,” as documents concerning defendant Van Dyke’s motion to

         dismiss the indictment for misconduct. The media appellants’ “Status Report” listed 21

         documents, by title and filing date, that were still under seal at that time, and the first 7 listed

         concerned defendant Van Dyke’s motion to dismiss the indictment for misconduct. The State’s

         appellate brief lists these 7 documents by title, by filing date in the circuit court, and by citation

         of the appellate record.

¶ 69             In their reply brief, the media appellants acknowledge that the State might be right and

         that it is “possible” that there are only seven. The media appellants claim that “the lack of

         clarity” is due to the “secrecy surrounding the record.” However, the special prosecutor

         represented to the trial court that only 18 documents remained under seal as of September 2019

         and moved to unseal and release all of them, which the trial court then ordered. Thus, all 18

         previously sealed documents have now been released in redacted form and can be identified

         by title and filing date. Since the media appellants have chosen not to specifically identify the

         documents that they are challenging, we are persuaded by the State’s reasoning that there are

         only 7 in dispute and that those are the 7 listed in the media appellants’ status report and in the

         State’s appellate brief.

¶ 70             The State argues that the media appellants’ claims are forfeited. Forfeiture is “ ‘the

         failure to make the timely assertion of [a] right.’ ” People v. Sophanavong, 2020 IL 124337,

         ¶ 20 (quoting People v. Lesley, 2018 IL 122100, ¶ 37). The failure of a timely assertion in the

                                                        24
       No. 1-19-1384

         court below results in forfeiture of the issue on review. Matthews v. Avalon Petroleum Co.,

         375 Ill. App. 3d 1, 8 (2007).

¶ 71             With respect to the redactions, the media appellants repeatedly suggested redacting to

         the trial court as a solution.

¶ 72             On April 10, 2019, when the State objected to the release of certain documents on the

         ground that they contained grand jury material and the trial court agreed, the media appellants

         pleaded: “Would you please reconsider and consider redacting grand jury information [?]” The

         media appellants argued that “the least restrictive means would warrant redactions if there’s a

         reference to grand jury materials.”

¶ 73             On May 23, 2019, the media appellants were the ones who raised the topic of redacting,

         informing the trial court that they were in favor of redacting “the materials relating to the

         motions to dismiss the indictment based on alleged misconduct before the Grand Jury”—i.e.,

         the documents at issue now. The media appellants stated that the prosecutor had described to

         them prior to court on May 23 how “he was prepared to make redactions.” The State then

         described for the court how it planned to redact, namely, that it would redact the names of

         grand jury witnesses and quotes from their testimony. 725 ILCS 5/112-6 (West 2018)

         (prohibiting disclosure of grand jury matters); Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court of

         California for Riverside County, 478 U.S. 1, 9 (1986) (the right of public access does not apply

         to grand jury proceedings). The media appellants do not claim that the State’s redaction process

         differed from how it was described, nor can we find that it did. Generally, appellants’ claims

         regarding the State’s redactions would be considered either forfeited or invited error. “A party

         cannot invite an error by the trial court and then use it as a basis for appeal.” Direct Auto

         Insurance Co. v. Bahena, 2019 IL App (1st) 172918, ¶ 36. In the case at bar, appellants

                                                     25
       No. 1-19-1384

         repeatedly invited the trial court to redact references to the grand jury, and so an argument can

         be made that the media appellants cannot complain now about those redactions on appeal.

         However, we understand that the reason that they asked for the redacted documents was

         because they wanted to review them for newsworthy purposes and never intended to give up

         their claimed right to the unredacted material. Cf. R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 249 (discussing

         the media’s interest in “ ‘newsworthy information’ ” (quoting In re A Minor, 127 Ill. 2d 247,

         257 (1989))). Thus, we do not find forfeiture or invited error.

¶ 74            The seven documents are

                    1. Defendant Van Dyke’s “Motion to Dismiss the Indictment for Misconduct at

                Grand Jury,” filed February 3, 2017;

                    2. Defendant Van Dyke’s “Memorandum of Law in Support of Motion to Dismiss

                the Indictment,” filed February 3, 2017;

                    3. “People’s Response and Motion to Clarify Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss the

                Indictment and/or Other Relief Pursuant to Garrity v. New Jersey,” filed February 3,

                2017;

                    4. Defendant Van Dyke’s “Motion to Dismiss the Indictment And/Or Other Relief,”

                filed April 20, 2017;

                    5. Defendant Van Dyke’s “Motion to Dismiss the Indictment,” filed April 20, 2017;

                    6. Defendant Van Dyke’s “Memorandum of Law in Support of Motion to Dismiss

                the Indictment,” filed April 20, 2017; and

                    7. “People’s Combined Response to Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss the Indictment

                and Motion to Dismiss the Indictment And/Or Other Relief,” filed May 11, 2017.

                                                      26
       No. 1-19-1384

¶ 75              After reviewing the full, unredacted copies of the above listed documents for our in

         camera review, we find that the redactions consisted of (1) in item No. 1, the name of a grand

         jury witness, questions and testimony before the grand jury, and citations of the appropriate

         pages; (2) in item No. 2, grand jury questions, discussions and testimony, and the names of

         grand jury witnesses; (3) in item No. 4, the name of a grand jury witness and his testimony;10

         (4) in item No. 5, the name of a grand jury witness; and (5) in item No. 7, the names of grand

         jury witnesses, grand jury testimony, statements by the prosecutor before the grand jury, and

         descriptions of grand jury evidence.

¶ 76              With respect to item No. 6 listed above, the special prosecutor released two redacted

         documents on September 4, 2019, that were both titled defendant Van Dyke’s “Memorandum

         of Law in Support of Motion to Dismiss the Indictment.” One was file-stamped April 20, 2017,

         and the other was not file-stamped. The file-stamped copy is 10 pages, and the one that is not

         file-stamped is only 5 pages. The longer version appears to elaborate on the shorter version,

         and the State listed the longer version as the document that the media appellants sought, rather

         than the shorter version. However, when the circuit court produced the sealed, unredacted

         copies for our inspection, it provided us only with the shorter version. This omission did not

         adversely affect our independent in camera review, since the only redaction in the longer

         document was the name of one Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent who testified

         before the grand jury. The shorter version had no redactions at all.

¶ 77              With respect to item No. 3 listed above, the document is three pages long, and the

         appellate record is missing the second and fourth pages of the redacted version. Thus, we do

            10
                 Not all of his testimony was redacted from the document.
                                                         27
       No. 1-19-1384

           not know what was redacted on those two pages. However, the only words redacted from the

           rest of the document is the name of an FBI agent.

¶ 78           When faced with a request for media access, a trial court generally determines, first,

           whether a presumption of public access applies to the particular type of information sought. R.

           Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 255. This is a purely legal question that is reviewed de novo. R. Kelly,

           397 Ill. App. 3d at 255. De novo consideration means that we perform the same analysis that a

           trial judge would perform. People v. Knight, 2020 IL App (1st) 170550, ¶ 37. If the trial court

           finds the presumption applies, then it determines whether the presumption is rebutted by other

           concerns. R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 255. “In deciding to deny access to certain proceedings

           and records for a certain length of time, the trial court ha[s] to craft a careful and delicate

           balance among competing interests.” R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 256. “To this balancing of

           interests and determining of parameters, we apply an abuse of discretion standard” of review.

           R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 256. An abuse of discretion occurs only when the trial court’s

           decision is arbitrary, fanciful, or unreasonable or where no reasonable person would take the

           position adopted by the trial court. People v. Thompson, 2020 IL App (1st) 171265, ¶ 84. A

           presumptive right of public access does not attach to grand jury proceedings. Press-Enterprise

           Co., 478 U.S. at 9.

¶ 79                On appeal, appellants argue that the grand jury materials should be released in full,

           based on the following set of propositions. First, appellants observe that grand jury materials

           are routinely used in trials to impeach witnesses. 11 Second, they argue, without citation of a

           statute or a case, that grand jury transcripts used at trial become “public.” Third, arguing by

               11
                 In support of this proposition, the media appellants cite a case, People v. Robinson, 368 Ill. App.
       3d 963, 980 (2006), in which the appellate court quoted a question and answer from a witness’s grand
       jury testimony.
                                                            28
       No. 1-19-1384

           analogy to their unsupported second proposition, appellants claim that this court should apply

           “[t]he same principle” to grand jury transcripts used to support or oppose pretrial motions.

           Without supporting statutory or case law, we do not find their argument persuasive.

¶ 80                In addition, the media appellants do not argue that they were prejudiced by the two-

           month delay between their filing a notice of appeal and the trial court’s grant of the relief they

           requested, namely, the release of the documents. Although even a short denial of access may

           implicate important first amendment concerns (R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 247), the media

           appellants needed to articulate the concerns present during the delay. R. Kelly, 397 Ill. App. 3d

           at 250 (observing that a newspaper has an interest in “ ‘newsworthy information’ ” (quoting In

           re A Minor, 127 Ill. 2d at 257)). During these two months, defendant Van Dyke’s trial was

           over, and no briefs were filed in his appeal. 12 Prior to that period, the record established that

           all parties were actively trying to reach an agreement concerning the disputed documents,

           which was largely successful, and we cannot find error by the trial court in allowing this

           process to proceed. A decorum order is like a permanent injunction and lasts, as all permanent

           injunctions do, until it is lifted. However, it is a good idea for a trial judge to include an end

           date, if it meets the ends of justice.

¶ 81                The media appellants argue that the need to maintain grand jury secrecy was greatly

           diminished one year after the verdict and cite in support In re Appointment of Special

           Prosecutor, 2019 IL 122949, ¶ 32. However, that case stands for just the opposite. In that case,

           our supreme court found that a party seeking release of grand jury material must demonstrate

           a particularized need for the material that outweighs the policies supporting secrecy. Special

               12
                 No briefs were filed in the appeal of defendant Van Dyke’s conviction, and the appeal was
       ultimately dismissed upon his motion to dismiss. People v. Van Dyke, No. 1-19-0398 (Oct. 9, 2020).
                                                          29
       No. 1-19-1384

           Prosecutor, 2019 IL 122949, ¶ 47. The appellant in that case had argued that disclosure of

           grand jury witnesses and statements would “serve the public interest in detecting and deterring

           political and prosecutorial corruption.” Special Prosecutor, 2019 IL 122949, ¶¶ 48, 39. Our

           supreme court found “[s]uch generalized statements do not constitute ‘particularized need’ ”

           and affirmed the denial of the release of seven-year-old grand jury material. Special

           Prosecutor, 2019 IL 122949, ¶¶ 48-49. This case does not help the media appellants.

¶ 82                The media appellants also cite the Seventh’s Circuit decision in Carlson v. United

           States, 837 F.3d 753 (7th Cir. 2016), which bears little resemblance to our case. In Carlson, a

           World War II historian was writing a book and sought grand jury materials from almost 75

           years ago. Carlson, 837 F.3d at 756-57. The Seventh Circuit found that the courts, as part of

           their limited and inherent supervisory power over the grand jury, had the discretion to release

           these historical records, and the government conceded that the district judge did not abuse his

           discretion in doing so. Carlson, 837 F.3d at 755-56, 767. In its brief to this court, the media

           appellants quoted the part of the decision where the court found that the historian had the right

           “to petition” for access. Carlson, 837 F.3d at 759. However, in almost the next line, the court

           also found that “his petition is not guaranteed to be granted.” Carlson, 837 F.3d at 759. 13

¶ 83                In sum, we are not persuaded by this claim due to a lack of error on the part of the trial

           court. Historically, documents pertaining to matters before the grand jury are not the type of

           material that is given to the media because those proceedings are protected by statute and

           common law. See 725 ILCS 5/112-6 (West 2018) (“Secrecy of proceedings”); Special

           Prosecutor, 2019 IL 122949, ¶ 31 (“The rule of secrecy surrounding grand jury proceedings is

               13
                 The media appellants also cite Lucas v. Turner, 725 F.2d 1095, 1109 (7th Cir. 1984), which
       denied the release of grand jury materials, on the ground that plaintiffs failed to “demonstrate[ ] that they
       have conducted prompt, thorough and exhaustive discovery before seeking the materials protected by
       grand jury secrecy.”
                                                            30
       No. 1-19-1384

         a common-law concept recognized as a fundamental component of both federal and state

         criminal procedural law.”); Press-Enterprise Co., 478 U.S. at 8-9 (the grand jury is the “classic

         example” of a government proceeding where the right of public access does not apply).

¶ 84                      III. Validity of the Trial Court’s September 2019 Order

¶ 85            Lastly, the media appellants argue that the trial court’s September 2019 order is invalid,

         because the court lacked jurisdiction in September 2019 to modify its May 2019 order to permit

         release of the 18 documents.

¶ 86            The media appellants argue that the trial court lacked jurisdiction because (1) the media

         appellants had filed a notice of appeal and (2) there were no changed circumstances between

         May and September 2019. With respect to the first argument, we already observed above that

         the media appellants fail to explain why their notice of appeal would cut off the trial court’s

         jurisdiction with respect to Smith and the State, any more than the filing of defendant Van

         Dyke’s notice would cut off jurisdiction with respect to them. Defendant Van Dyke was also

         an interested party with respect to the interim decorum order. In R. Kelly, when we explained

         the advantages of treating access orders as interlocutory orders appealable under Rule 307,

         rather than as final declaratory judgments, we explained that (1) “the criminal defendant, who

         has an interest in the disclosure issue, is already before the court with counsel” and (2) unlike

         a declaratory judgment which is final, an interlocutory order can “adapt to the unfolding and

         possibly shifting needs of a criminal case.” R. Kelly, 307 Ill. App. 3d at 244-45; see also

         Zimmerman, 2018 IL 122261, ¶ 20 (Rule 307 is “the vehicle in Illinois for appellate review of

         orders denying access to criminal records or proceedings”); Marriage of Kelly, 2020 IL App

         (1st) 200130, ¶ 23 (where media intervenors failed to appeal within 30 days as Rule 307

         required, this court lacked jurisdiction to review an access order). In essence, appellants are

                                                      31
       No. 1-19-1384

         trying to turn the trial court’s May 2019 order into a final declaratory judgment between just

         them on one side and the State on the other—a procedure that we already rejected in the R.

         Kelly case because the appellants before us are simply not the only interested parties.

¶ 87            Thus, we are not persuaded by appellants’ argument that their notice of appeal cut off

         the trial court’s jurisdiction to enter the September 2019 order.

¶ 88            With respect to appellants’ second argument concerning changed circumstances, both

         parties cite Bundy v. Chicago League of America, 125 Ill. App. 3d 800, 806 (1984), where the

         appellate court found that a trial court lacked jurisdiction to modify a permanent injunction in

         the absence of changed circumstances in law or facts.

¶ 89            In Bundy, the parties reached an agreement that led to the trial court’s entry of an agreed

         order that included a permanent injunction. Bundy, 125 Ill. App. 3d at 802, 805. Nine months

         later, without a request pending from either party, the trial court sua sponte dissolved the

         permanent injunction. Bundy, 125 Ill. App. 3d at 801-02. One of the parties appealed from the

         dissolution order within 30 days pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 307. Bundy, 125 Ill. App. 3d

         at 802. The appellate court found that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to sua sponte dissolve

         a permanent injunction in an agreed order without changed circumstances. Bundy, 125 Ill. App.

         3d at 807.

¶ 90            The Bundy case bears little resemblance to our case. In the case at bar, the original 2016

         order was titled an “interim” order rather than a permanent injunction; the trial court did not

         act sua sponte when it dissolved the interim order in September 2019. By doing so, the trial

         court provided relief previously requested by appellants and subsequently requested, or at least

         unopposed, by all parties. As noted above, although formally notified of the continuing

         proceedings, appellants did not seek a stay.

                                                        32
       No. 1-19-1384

¶ 91             To the extent that changed circumstances were required to dissolve an “interim”

         order—and we do not find that they were—those changed circumstances were the fact that

         prior objections by the city and defendant had evaporated. On May 23, 2019, when the State

         proposed a way to redact the disputed documents, defendant Van Dyke’s attorney had

         objected to factual assertions made by the State. By contrast, on September 4, 2019,

         defendant Van Dyke’s attorney attended and voiced no objection, and the counsel for the

         City of Chicago supported the State’s motion.

¶ 92             Appellants argue that the State failed to argue changed circumstances before the trial

         court in September 2019. But why would the State make such an argument when everyone was

         on notice of the State’s proposed order and no one was objecting to its entry?

¶ 93             Thus, we do not find persuasive appellants’ claim that the trial court’s September 2019

         order was invalid.

¶ 94                                            CONCLUSION

¶ 95             For the foregoing reasons, we find (1) that we lack jurisdiction to consider appellants’

         first claim concerning their motion to join in another journalist’s motion to intervene and to

         vacate; (2) that, with respect to their second claim, the trial court did not err in delaying release

         of the disputed documents or in releasing them as redacted; and (3) that the trial court had

         jurisdiction in September 2019 to modify its prior interim order. Thus, we dismiss the first

         claim and affirm the dismissal of the second.

¶ 96             Affirmed in part and dismissed in part.

                                                        33
No. 1-19-1384

                                 No. 1-19-1384

Cite as:                 People v. Van Dyke, 2020 IL App (1st) 191384

Decision Under Review:   Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 17-CR-
                         4286; the Hon. Vincent M. Gaughan, Judge, presiding.

Attorneys                Brendan J. Healey, of Baron Harris Healey, of Chicago, for
for                      appellants WLS Television, Inc., WFLD Fox 32 Chicago, and
Appellant:               WGN Continental Broadcasting Company.

                         Natalie J. Spears and Gregory R. Naron, of Dentons US, LLP,
                         of Chicago, for appellant Chicago Tribune Company, L.L.C.

                         Jeffrey D. Colman, Michael T. Brody, Catherine L. Doyle, and
                         Christina T. Lopez, of Jenner & Block LLP, of Chicago, for
                         appellant Chicago Public Media, Inc.

                         Damon E. Dunn, of Funkhouser Vegosen Liebman & Dunn
                         Ltd., of Chicago, for appellant Sun-Times Media, L.L.C.

Attorneys                Joseph H. McMahon, State’s Attorney, Special Prosecutor, of
for                      St. Charles (Michelle Katz, Assistant State’s Attorney, of
Appellee:                counsel), for the People.

                                       34