Court Opinion

ID: 4689355
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-05-24 14:12:04.134783+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:04:53.784782
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-1087-19

MICHAEL REILLY,

          Petitioner-Appellant,

v.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES,
POLICE AND FIREMEN'S
RETIREMENT SYSTEM,

     Respondent-Respondent.
_________________________

                   Argued April 28, 2021 - Decided May 24, 2021

                   Before Judges Accurso and Enright.

                   On appeal from the Board of Trustees, Police and
                   Firemen's Retirement System, Department of the
                   Treasury, PRFS No. 3-80763.

                   Marci Hill Jordan argued the cause for appellant (Stark
                   & Stark, attorneys; Marci Hill Jordan, on the brief).

                   Thomas R. Hower, Staff Attorney, argued the cause for
                   respondent (Robert Seymour Garrison, Jr., Director of
                   Legal Affairs, PFRSNJ, attorney; Thomas R. Hower, on
                   the brief).
PER CURIAM

      Michael Reilly appeals from a final decision of the Board of Trustees of

the Police and Firemen's Retirement System, denying his application for

accidental disability retirement benefits. The Board determined Reilly did not

establish his disabling condition was a direct result of a traumatic event. See

N.J.S.A. 43:16A-7(1).     Because we find this case indistinguishable from

Richardson v. Board of Trustees, Police & Firemen's Retirement System, 192

N.J. 189 (2007), we reverse.

      The essential facts are undisputed. Reilly had been a Merchantville police

officer for twenty-two years at the time of his injury in May 2017. Although

entrusted with supervisory responsibilities when he was promoted to sergeant in

2006, Reilly also continued to perform the duties of a patrol officer. He was

acting in the latter capacity when he responded to a call from a local group home

for patients suffering from traumatic brain injuries.

      Reilly estimated he'd been called to the home on at least thirty other

occasions, including earlier in the day he suffered the accident. The calls were

usually the result of a resident being uncooperative or needing medical services

or an ambulance.     Both calls that day involved the same resident.      Reilly

described him as a large man, weighing between 240 to 250 pounds, and strong,

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although confined to a wheelchair, or so Reilly believed. The first call involved

a report of the resident refusing to return to his room, but by the time they arrived

the resident was there, sitting in his wheelchair, calmly watching television.

When Reilly and another officer were dispatched to the group home the second

time, it was to assist staff and emergency medical services load the same resident

into an ambulance for transport to a crisis center.

      When Reilly arrived, the resident was in his wheelchair in the small foyer

facing the elevator. Three EMS workers were already on site. Reilly described

the resident as initially calm and cooperative. When the resident realized,

however, that EMS would be taking him to the crisis center, he stood suddenly,

screamed "No!" and strode to the elevator in an effort to get away. The other

officer and a staff member got in between the resident and the elevator as the

resident tried to pry open the elevator door. Reilly got behind the resident and

put him in a "full-Nelson" to pull him away from the elevator.

      As the resident's hands came away from the elevator door, he drove Reilly

back, slamming him "into the wall at the corner of a door jamb." Reilly claimed

he immediately felt pain in his back and slumped to the floor. He could not

assist the others in getting the resident strapped onto the stretcher. Reilly spent

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the next two days in the trauma unit at Cooper Hospital. He never returned to

work.

        Reilly applied for accidental disability retirement benefits. The Board

determined he was totally and permanently disabled as a direct result of the

incident in which he injured his back and physically incapacitated from the

performance of his usual duties. The Board also determined the incident was

identifiable as to time and place; was caused by an external circumstance and

not the result of a pre-existing disease; occurred during and as a result of Reilly's

regular duties; and was not the result of willful negligence.

        Notwithstanding those findings, the Board denied Reilly's application for

accidental disability retirement benefits, concluding "the basis for [his]

disability claim [did] not qualify as a traumatic event" because "there was no

actual accident or external happening," thereby preventing a "finding on the

issue of undesigned and unexpected, as required by case law." The Board

instead awarded him ordinary disability retirement benefits. Reilly appealed,

and the matter was transferred to the Office of Administrative Law (OAL) for a

hearing as a contested case.

        The administrative law judge appropriately determined the only issue

before her was whether Reilly's encounter with the resident qualified as a

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"traumatic event" under N.J.S.A. 43:16A-7(1) and Richardson.              Although

finding based on the undisputed testimony of Reilly and his fellow officer , the

only two witnesses to testify, that the resident Reilly and his partner were trying

to subdue "became physical and pushed [Reilly] back against a wall," causing

him "to sustain[] a disabling injury to his back," the ALJ concluded the case was

closer to Cattani v. Board of Trustees, Police & Firemen’s Retirement System,

69 N.J. 578 (1976), than to Richardson.

      Specifically, the ALJ found a police officer getting into a physical

confrontation with an uncooperative disabled adult "is not extraordinary or an

unusual occurrence." Reasoning from Cattani, where the "fireman's strenuous

work effort in dragging heavy hoses" without adequate assistance "was not an

accident," because "[d]ragging heavy hoses was part of his job," the ALJ found

"[g]etting pushed down when trying to subdue a handicapped adult whom you

are trying to get into a stretcher to transport to crisis" was part of Reilly's job.

Because the ALJ found "[t]his incident and injury could have occurred to any

officer in the line of duty trying to subdue a resident at a group home," she

concluded the incident was not "'traumatic' as intended in Richardson, Cattani,

or N.J.S.A. 43:16A-7."

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      Reilly filed exceptions, but the Board adopted the ALJ's initial decision

affirming the Board's denial of Reilly's application for accidental disability

retirement benefits. Reilly appeals, arguing the Board's decision is contrary to

the holding in Richardson, and that the ALJ, and consequently the Board, erred

in applying that controlling precedent to the facts. We agree.

      Our public pension systems are "bound up in the public interest and

provide public employees significant rights which are deserving of

conscientious protection." Zigmont v. Bd. of Trs., Teachers' Pension & Annuity

Fund, 91 N.J. 580, 583 (1983).      Because pension statutes are remedial in

character, they are liberally construed and administered in favor of the persons

intended to be benefited thereby.     Klumb v. Bd. of Educ. of Manalapan-

Englishtown Reg'l High Sch. Dist., Monmouth Cnty., 199 N.J. 14, 34 (2009).

      Our role in reviewing a decision of the Board of Trustees in such matters,

however, is limited. Russo v. Bd. of Trs., Police & Firemen's Ret. Sys., 206 N.J.

14, 27 (2011). We accord a strong presumption of reasonableness to an agency's

exercise of its statutorily delegated responsibility, City of Newark v. Nat. Res.

Council, Dep't of Env'tl Prot., 82 N.J. 530, 539 (1980), and defer to its fact

finding, Utley v. Bd. of Rev., 194 N.J. 534, 551 (2008). We will not upset the

determination of an administrative agency absent a showing that it was arbitrary,

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capricious, or unreasonable; that it lacked fair support in the evidence; or that it

violated legislative policies. In re Musick, 143 N.J. 206, 216 (1996) (citing

Campbell v. Dep't of Civ. Serv., 39 N.J. 556, 562 (1963)).

      Because the facts are undisputed here, however, the question presented is

simply a legal one, which we review de novo. See Saccone v. Bd. of Trs., Police

& Firemen's Ret. Sys., 219 N.J. 369, 380 (2014). Moreover, "[w]e owe no

deference to an administrative agency's interpretation of judicial precedent ,"

Bowser v. Bd. of Trs., Police & Firemen's Ret. Sys., 455 N.J. Super. 165, 171

(App. Div. 2018), here, specifically Richardson and Cattani.

      In Richardson, the Supreme Court determined that an individual seeking

accidental disability benefits under N.J.S.A. 43:16A-7(1) must establish:

            1.     that he is permanently and totally disabled;

            2.     as a direct result of a traumatic event that is

                   a.    identifiable as to time and place,

                   b.    undesigned and unexpected, and

                   c.    caused by a circumstance external
                   to the member (not the result of pre-existing
                   disease that is aggravated or accelerated by the
                   work);

            3.     that the traumatic event occurred during and as a
            result of the member's regular or assigned duties;

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            4.  that the disability was not the result of the
            member's willful negligence; and

            5.    that the member is mentally or physically
            incapacitated from performing his usual or any other
            duty.

            [Richardson, 192 N.J. at 212-13.]

      Both Cattani and Richardson turned, as this case does, on the sole question

of whether the disabled plaintiff had suffered a traumatic event in the course of

his work. Although both plaintiffs in those cases were injured in the course of

their regular duties, the Court determined Cattani's disability was not the result

of a traumatic event, but Richardson's disability was.

      Cattani was a Trenton firefighter who suffered basilar artery occlusion,

secondary to atherosclerosis, after an unusually strenuous fire call, resulting in

intermittent paralysis in his arms and legs. Cattani, 69 N.J. at 581. The Court

held because Cattani's disability did "not stem from an injury or wound produced

by external force or violence," he could "not satisf[y] the requirement of a

traumatic event and his application for an accidental disability pension under

N.J.S.A. 43:16A-7 was properly denied." Id. at 586. In explaining its holding,

the Court declared that "work effort alone whether unusual or excessive, cannot

be considered a traumatic event, even though it may have aggravated or

accelerated" Cattani's preexisting cardiovascular condition. Ibid.

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                                        8
      Richardson's case was different.      He was a corrections officer who

suffered a career-ending injury in a scuffle with an inmate violently resisting

being handcuffed. Richardson, 192 N.J. at 193. Richardson and other officers

had taken the inmate to the ground with Richardson straddling him to hold him

there until he could be cuffed. Ibid. As Richardson reached for his handcuffs,

the inmate "forcefully jerked up from the ground, knocking Richardson

backward," causing him "to fall back onto his left hand and hyper-extend his

wrist." Ibid. Although both Cattani and Richardson were injured during the

regular performance of their duties, Richardson's injury satisfied the accidental

disability statute because "[w]hile performing the regular tasks of his job as a

corrections officer, subduing an inmate, Richardson was thrown to the floor and

hyperextended his wrist." Id. at 214.

      As Justice Long explained, "a police officer who has a heart attack while

chasing a suspect has not experienced a traumatic event." Richardson, 192 N.J.

at 213. That would make the case like Cattani, because "the work effort, alone

or in combination with pre-existing disease, was the cause of the injury." Ibid.

That "same police officer," however "permanently and totally disabled during

the chase because of a fall, has suffered a traumatic event." Ibid. What Cattani

teaches, as Justice Long explained in Richardson, is that "where the disability

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                                        9
arises out of a combination of pre-existing disease and work effort, a traumatic

event has not occurred." Id. at 211. Instead, "what is required is a force or cause

external to the worker (not pre-existing disease) that directly results in injury."

Ibid.

        Accordingly, had Reilly simply injured his back in the course of putting

the resident into "a full-Nelson," he would not have suffered a traumatic event,

because the injury would have been caused solely by the work effort of subduing

the resident so he could be transported to a crisis center. What distinguishes the

case from Cattani is the ALJ's finding that Reilly's injury was caused by the

resident pushing Reilly "back against a wall." Reilly wasn't injured "by work

effort alone," Cattani, 69 N.J. at 586, as Cattani was dragging fire hoses; he was

injured because his back made contact with the wall when the resident drove

him backward from the elevator. That makes this case indistinguishable from

Richardson, who in the course of trying to subdue an inmate was knocked

backward, causing him "to fall back onto his left hand and hyper-extend his

wrist." Richardson, 192 N.J. at 193. The resident knocking Reilly backward,

was the force or external cause that caused him to slam his back into the wall,

directly resulting in his injury.

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                                       10
      We accordingly reverse and remand this matter to the Board for

disposition in accordance with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.

      Reversed and remanded.

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