Court Opinion

ID: 9885795
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-06 14:06:20.272803+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:46:44.309713
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: SEPTEMBER 29, 2023; 10:00 A.M.
                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                Commonwealth of Kentucky
                          Court of Appeals
                             NO. 2022-CA-0577-MR

JASON FULLER                                                         APPELLANT

               APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT
v.            HONORABLE LAUREN ADAMS OGDEN, JUDGE
                       ACTION NO. 09-CI-501328

TRISTA FULLER                                                          APPELLEE

                                    OPINION
                                   AFFIRMING

                                  ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE; CETRULO AND COMBS, JUDGES.

COMBS, JUDGE: This case involves a modification of parenting time in a

domestic matter. Appellant, Jason Fuller, and Appellee, Trista Wade (Fuller)

(hereinafter Father and Mother, respectively), were married in 2007. They had two

sons: A.F., born in 2007, and B.F., born in 2008. A decree of dissolution of

marriage was entered on July 20, 2010. Pursuant to a settlement agreement

incorporated into the divorce decree, B.F. resided with Father and A.F. resided
with Mother during the week. The children spent weekends together with one or

the other parent. The case before us involves the younger child, B.F.

             On March 16, 2021, Mother filed a motion in Jefferson Circuit Court,

Family Division Eight, to appoint a Guardian Ad Litem (GAL) for B.F. and to

modify the parenting schedule to allow B.F. to reside primarily with her. Mother

believed that B.F. might run away from home if he were forced to abide by the

current parenting schedule and that it was in B.F.’s best interest that it be modified.

In her supporting affidavit, Mother averred: that she was concerned for B.F.’s

well-being when he was with Father; that she believed that Father had coerced B.F.

into saying things he did not feel or believe; and that she believed that B.F. wanted

to reside primarily in Mother’s home with his siblings. Mother also stated that she

knows that B.F. is lonely and unhappy in Father’s home.

             On June 22, 2021, Mother filed a motion for a shared 50-50 parenting

schedule pending further order of the court and renewed her previous motion to

appoint a Friend of the Court for B.F. prior to the hearing scheduled for July 23,

2021.

             Father did not file a response to either motion.

             On July 2, 2021, the court entered orders directing the parties to attend

mediation and appointing Hon. James Murphy as Friend of the Court.

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             On July 20, 2021, Mother filed a motion for emergency sole custody

of B.F. with only supervised contact to be permitted with Father. The

accompanying affidavit reflects that Mother is concerned for B.F.’s well-being;

that Mother believes Father bullies, intimidates, and threatens the child; and that

unless she is exercising her parenting time, Father does not allow Mother any

contact with B.F. Mother further stated that she does not believe that Father keeps

adequate food in the house or that B.F. is adequately supervised. Mother believes

that Father withholds food as punishment and that B.F. is in danger if he remains in

Father’s home. Mother averred that because Father was aware that she was

seeking increased parenting time, he failed to present himself to the court or to

respond to any motions or orders. Mother sought “temporary sole custody of B.F.

until such time as [Father] presents himself . . . or otherwise participates in these

proceedings.”

             By an order entered on July 26, 2021, the Jefferson Circuit Court,

Family Division Eight, granted Mother sole temporary custody of B.F. and

directed that Father’s contact be supervised. The matter was set for further

proceedings on September 29, 2021.

             On July 29, 2021, Father, pro se, filed a motion in Jefferson Circuit

Court, Family Division Eight, seeking “to reverse court order immediately on

[B.F.] due to not receiving any court papers.” Father alleged that B.F. had been

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placed in a dangerous situation and requested that he be “removed as fast as

possible.”

                A court notice filed on August 2, 2021, reflects that the case belongs

to Division Four.1 On August 2, 2021, Father’s counsel filed an entry of

appearance.

                Ultimately, a hearing was conducted in Jefferson Circuit Court,

Family Division Four (the trial court), on March 8, 2022. The trial court’s Order

entered on March 10, 2022, provides in relevant part as follows:

                       This case came before the Court on March 8, 2022,
                for a hearing on [Mother’s] motion to modify parenting
                time and on [Father’s] motion to restore his parenting
                time. [Father] appeared with counsel . . . . [Mother]
                appeared with counsel . . . . The Hon. James K. Murphy
                was present as Friend of Court.

                The trial court made detailed findings regarding the testimony

presented at the hearing -- including that of the child’s therapist -- and explained

that:

                       Parenting time can be modified at any time upon
                proper showing that such modification would be in the
                child’s best interest. Pennington v. Marcum, 266 S.W.3d
                759 (Ky. 2008); KRS[2] 403.320.

1
 By Order entered on August 10, 2021, by Jefferson Circuit Court, Family Division Four, the
matter was transferred back to Division Eight where there was a new custody proceeding.
By Order entered on August 17, 2021, by Jefferson Circuit Court, Family Division Eight, the
case was again transferred to Division Four, due to active domestic violence cases pending there.
2
    Kentucky Revised Statutes.

                                               -4-
                   Modification of visitation or timesharing is
            governed by KRS 403.320, rather than KRS 403.270, and
            different standards apply. Accordingly, the recently
            added presumption of joint custody and equal parenting
            time in KRS 403.270 does not apply to modifications of
            visitation or timesharing. Layman v. Bohanon, 599
            S.W.3d 423 (Ky. 2020).

                  Pursuant to KRS 403.320(1), a parent not awarded
            shared parenting time is entitled to reasonable visitation
            unless the Court finds that such visitation would
            seriously endanger the child’s physical, mental, moral, or
            emotional health.

                   In this case, the Court finds that it would be in
            B.F.’s best interest to continue to reside with
            [Mother]. The Court further finds that unrestricted
            visitation with [Father] would seriously endanger the
            child’s mental and emotional health.

                    Accordingly, [Father] shall have therapeutic
            visitation with B.F. through a provider recommended by
            Mr. Murphy. [Father] shall pay the cost of those sessions
            in full.

(Emphasis added.) The court further ordered that the parties engage in individual

counseling, that B.F. remain in counseling, and that both parties cooperate with

and follow the recommendations of the child’s therapist.

            On March 21, 2022, Father filed a motion to amend and/or vacate as

well as a motion for specific findings. By Order entered on May 11, 2022, the trial

court denied Father’s motion to alter, amend, or vacate.

            Father appeals from the trial court’s Orders entered on March 10,

2022, and on May 11, 2022.

                                        -5-
                 Father’s first argument is: “The Family Court Failed to Comply with

KRS 403.280 and 403.270 and Uphold Procedural Due Process When Issuing a

Temporary Custody Order With No Hearing.” Father did not raise this issue in his

prehearing statement. Accordingly, we will not consider it. RAP3 22(C)(1)(h)

(formerly CR4 76.03(4)(h)). Readnour v. Readnour, 2023 WL 4830847, at *2 (Ky.

App. 2023) (“We will not entertain issues not appearing in the required prehearing

statement.”).

                 Next, Father contends: “The Family Court Erred When it Failed to

Apply KRS 403.270 in the March 10, 2022, Order.” Although it is arguable

whether this issue is adequately raised in Father’s prehearing statement, we address

it because Father did list issues regarding the proof required/specificity of a trial

court’s order limiting visitation.

                 As the trial court noted, the case came before it on Mother’s motion to

modify parenting time and on Father’s motion to restore his parenting time. In

Layman v. Bohanon, 599 S.W.3d 423 (Ky. 2020), our Supreme Court held that

KRS 403.270 does not apply to modification of visitation or timesharing:

                 [A] modification of visitation or timesharing is governed
                 by KRS 403.320, rather than the standard for an initial
                 custody determination as set forth in KRS 403.270.
                 Accordingly, the . . . presumption of joint custody and

3
    Rules of Appellate Procedure.
4
    Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.

                                            -6-
             equal parenting time in KRS 403.270 applies to custody
             determinations, but it does not apply to modifications of
             visitation or timesharing.

Id. at 431. The family court duly and correctly noted the difference between these

statutes. We find no error.

             Father last argues: “The Family Court Erred in Restricting [Father’s]

Visitation Without Finding Such Visitation Would Seriously Endanger the Child’s

Health.” We disagree. Layman explains that under KRS 403.320(2), a family

court:

             could modify the timesharing arrangement if it first
             found that the modification was in the best interests of
             the children, or it could restrict timesharing (i.e., order a
             “less than reasonable” timesharing) if it first found that
             the children’s physical, mental, moral or emotional health
             was seriously endangered.

599 S.W.3d at 431.

             In the case before us, the trial court made the requisite findings. At

page 5 of its March 10, 2022, Order, the court found that “it would be in B.F.’s

best interest to continue to reside with [Mother;]” and “that unrestricted visitation

with [Father] would seriously endanger the child’s mental and emotional health.”

             Notably, the trial court also found that Father “claimed that he tended

to the child’s medical care, but the Court did not find [Father’s] testimony to be

credible.” A “family court has broad discretion in modifying timesharing.”

Layman, 599 S.W.3d at 431. We are not at liberty to re-evaluate its exercise of

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discretion and its conclusion as to witness credibility. “Deciding which witness to

believe is within the sound discretion of the family court as fact-finder; we will not

second-guess the family court[.]” Hunter v. Mena, 302 S.W.3d 93, 98 (Ky. App.

2010). We find no error.

             Accordingly, we affirm.

             ALL CONCUR.

BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:                       BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

John H. Helmers, Jr.                       Dennis C. Burke
Melina Hettiaratchi                        Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky

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