Court Opinion

ID: 5117471
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-10-11 07:17:08.519761+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:22:02.922903
License: Public Domain

NUMBER 13-20-00064-CR

                             COURT OF APPEALS

                   THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                     CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

JOSE ROBERTO VELIZ,                                                         Appellant,

                                               v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,                                                         Appellee.

                    On appeal from the 63rd District Court
                        of Val Verde County, Texas.

                          MEMORANDUM OPINION

    Before Chief Justice Contreras and Justices Hinojosa and Silva
                Memorandum Opinion by Justice Silva

      Following a jury trial, appellant Jose Roberto Veliz was convicted of the second-

degree felony offense of assault involving family violence, impeding breath or circulation
with a prior family violence conviction. 1 See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.01(a), (b-1), Act

of May 21, 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., ch. 427, § 1, 2009 Tex. Gen. Laws 1022–23 (amended

2017 & 2019) (current version at TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.01(a), (b-3)). 2 The trial court

sentenced Veliz to seven years’ imprisonment. See id. § 12.42(b). By three issues, Veliz

argues: (1) the trial court improperly arraigned him by requesting that Veliz plead “true or

not true” rather than “guilty or not guilty”; (2) Veliz’s “prior conviction for an assault family

violence in which [he] pled ‘True’ [was] in violation of the strict compliance of Texas Code

of Criminal Procedure Article 36.01” because the prior conviction was “for enhancement

only” and “not jurisdictional”; and (3) “because of what happened at arraignment, these

issues fed into an improper jury charge.” We affirm.

                                         I.      BACKGROUND

        On April 11, 2016, the State read the indictment at the start of trial. The following

colloquy, in pertinent part, occurred:

        [STATE]:                Cause No. 138—I’m sorry—13285CR, State of Texas
                                versus Jose Roberto Veliz in the District Court of Val
                                Verde County, Texas, 63rd Judicial District. Indictment:
                                In the name and by authority of the State of Texas, the
                                grand jurors for the County of Val Verde, State of
                                Texas, duly selected, impaneled, sworn, charged and
                                organized as such at the January term, A.D., 2015, of
                                the 63rd Judicial District Court of Val Verde County,
                                upon their oaths present in and to said court, that on or
                                about the 15th day of December, 2014, and before the
                                presentment of this indictment in said county and state,

        1 This case is before this Court on transfer from the Fourth Court of Appeals in San Antonio
pursuant to a docket-equalization order issued by the Supreme Court of Texas. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN.
§ 73.001. Because this is a transfer case, we are bound to apply the precedent of the transferor court to
the extent it differs from our own. See TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3.

        This statutory provision will be cited and referred to by its applicable, pre-amendment, iteration,
        2

Texas Penal Code § 22.01(a), (b-1), throughout.
                                                    2
             Jose Roberto Veliz, defendant, did then and there
             intentionally, knowingly[,] or recklessly cause bodily
             injury to Sylvia Martinez, a member of the defendant’s
             family and household or a person with whom the
             defendant has had a dating relationship, by grabbing
             Sylvia Martinez with his hand, and by dragging Sylvia
             Martinez on the ground with his hand and by seizing
             Sylvia Martinez on or about [sic] the throat or neck with
             his hand.

THE COURT:   To that allegation, how do you plead, guilty or not
             guilty?

[VELIZ]:     Not guilty.

THE COURT:   Continue.

[STATE]:     And Jose Roberto Veliz did there intentionally,
             knowingly[,] or recklessly impede the normal breathing
             and circulation of the blood of Sylvia Martinez, a
             member of said Jose Roberto Veliz’s family and
             household or with whom Jose Roberto Veliz has had a
             dating relationship, by applying pressure to the throat
             or neck of Sylvia Martinez with his hand.

THE COURT:   Is that allegation true or not true?

[VELIZ]:     Not true.

[STATE]:     Jose Roberto Veliz before the commission of the
             offense had previously been convicted of an offense
             under Chapter 19, Texas Penal Code, against a
             member of the defendant’s family or household or a
             person with whom the defendant[] had a dating
             relationship, to wit, on the 6th day of April, 1993, in the
             372nd District Court of Tarrant County, Texas, in
             Cause No. 0398505D.

THE COURT:   Is that allegation true or not true?

[VELIZ]:     True.

                              3
       THE COURT:            All right. The Court’s going to receive the defendant’s
                             plea of not guilty, not true and true to the allegations
                             contained in the indictment.

       The State did not read allegations of prior convictions contained in the indictment

which were later used for enhancement purposes during punishment. The jury charge

contained the same language read by the State at the start of trial. At no point did Veliz

object to the State’s recitation of the indictment, the trial court’s entry of Veliz’s plea, or

the jury charge’s inclusion of his prior assault family violence conviction.

       Veliz was convicted and sentenced on April 12, 2016. Veliz timely appealed and

thereafter filed a motion to dismiss the appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 42.2(a). Our sister

court dismissed Veliz’s appeal on June 29, 2016. Veliz v. State, No. 04-16-00264-CR,

2016 WL 3556821, at *1 (Tex. App.—San Antonio June 29, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op., not

designated for publication).

       On February 11, 2019, Veliz filed an application for post-conviction writ of habeas

corpus in the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, requesting an out-of-time appeal. See

TEX. R. APP. P. 73.1. Veliz claimed that he “never desired to or wanted to have the appeal

dismissed,” and he signed the document requesting dismissal “upon false pretense that

the document was for the appointment of another attorney for the appeal.” On November

6, 2019, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals issued a mandate granting Veliz’s request

for an out-of-time appeal. Ex parte Veliz, No. WR-89,673-01, 2019 WL 5063428, at *1

(Tex. Crim. App. Oct. 9, 2019) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (per curiam).

The appeal before this Court followed.

                                              4
                                   II.    PRESERVATION

       Veliz’s first two issues concern the State’s inclusion of Veliz’s prior conviction for

assault family violence during the reading of the indictment and the trial court’s entry of

Veliz’s plea before the jury—each in purported noncompliance with Texas Code of

Criminal Procedure article 36.01. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 36.01(a)(1), (2).

The State argues that Veliz failed to preserve these issues for review, and therefore, they

have been waived. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a). We agree.

       “[P]reservation of error is a systemic requirement that must be reviewed by the

courts of appeals.” Williams v. State, No. PD-0477-19, ___ S.W.3d __, __, 2021 WL

2132167, at *5 (Tex. Crim. App. May 26, 2021). As a prerequisite to presenting a

complaint for appellate review, “Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 33.1 requires a timely,

specific objection and a ruling by the trial court.” Montelongo v. State, 623 S.W.3d 819,

822 (Tex. Crim. App. 2021) (citing TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a)). The appealing party carries

“the burden to bring forth a record showing that error was preserved.” Dixon v. State, 595

S.W.3d 216, 223 (Tex. Crim. App. 2020).

       There are a few exceptions to which Rule 33.1(a) does not apply: (1) “absolute

rights,” which are “widely considered so fundamental to the proper functioning of our

adjudicatory process . . . that they cannot be forfeited . . . by inaction alone”; and

(2) “rights that are ‘not forfeitable’—they cannot be surrendered by mere inaction, but are

‘waivable’ if the waiver is affirmatively, plainly, freely, and intelligently made.” Garza v.

State, 435 S.W.3d 258, 260 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014) (quoting Marin v. State, 851 S.W.2d

275, 279–80 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993), overruled on other grounds by Cain v. State, 947

                                             5
S.W.2d 262, 264 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997)). “Barring these two narrow exceptions, all

errors—even constitutional errors—may be forfeited on appeal if an appellant failed to

object at trial.” Id. at 260–61.

        Complaints regarding noncompliance with Texas Code of Criminal Procedure

article 36.01, which issues one and two on appeal concern, fall under the purview of Rule

33.1(a). See Hernandez v. State, 190 S.W.3d 856, 868 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–

Edinburg 2006, no pet.) (noting that review of the appellant’s article 36.01 complaint was

possible because the appellant had objected and preserved error); see also Cantu v.

State, 939 S.W.2d 627, 646 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) (“[A]ppellant waived any error by his

failure to object to the procedure used by the trial court in its entering of his plea before

the jury.”); Lee v. State, 239 S.W.3d 873, 876–77 (Tex. App.—Waco 2007, pet. ref’d)

(concluding that an objection is required to preserve an article 36.01 complaint for review

on appeal); Martinez v. State, 155 S.W.3d 491, 494–95 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2004,

no pet.) (same).

        Veliz did not object to the State’s reading of the indictment, wherein the State read

aloud the allegation concerning Veliz’s prior conviction, 3 or to the trial court’s entry of his

plea—each matter in alleged contravention of article 36.01. Thus, he has failed to

preserve either issue for our review. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1; Cantu, 939 S.W.2d at 646;

Lee, 239 S.W.3d at 876–77; Martinez, 155 S.W.3d at 494–95. We overrule issues one

and two.

         3 Although we conclude that the aforementioned complaints have been waived, we nonetheless

discuss infra whether the trial court’s inclusion of a defendant’s prior family assault violence conviction in
the jury charge during the guilt or innocence portion of trial was erroneous given that the resolution of Veliz’s
third issue is predicated on this question.
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                                   III.   CHARGE ERROR

       By Veliz’s third issue, he argues the trial court erred by including his prior criminal

conviction as an element of the charged offense in the submitted jury charge at the guilt-

innocence phase of trial.

       The standard of review for assessing harm from “jury-charge error depends on

whether the error was preserved.” Gonzalez v. State, 610 S.W.3d 22, 27 (Tex. Crim. App.

2020) (citing Jordan v. State, 593 S.W.3d 340, 346 (Tex. Crim. App. 2020)); see Almanza

v. State, 686 S.W.2d 157, 171 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985). Where, as here, error was not

preserved with a timely objection, such error is only reversible if we determine the error

“caused the defendant ‘egregious harm.’” Gonzalez, 610 S.W.3d at 27. “Errors that result

in egregious harm are those that affect the very basis of the case, deprive the defendant

of a valuable right, or vitally affect a defensive theory.” Id. (quoting Ngo v. State, 175

S.W.3d 738, 743 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005)) (cleaned up).

       The purpose of the trial court’s jury charge is to instruct the jurors on the law

applicable to the case; the trial court is under no obligation to instruct jurors on

inapplicable law. Cortez v. State, 469 S.W.3d 593, 598 (Tex. Crim. App. 2015); Vasquez

v. State, 389 S.W.3d 361, 366 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012); see TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN.

art. 36.14. Two statutory provisions are directly relevant to the present case. The first is

Texas Penal Code § 22.01, which prescribes the offense of assault family violence. Under

§ 22.01(a), (b-1), a person commits an offense of second-degree assault involving family

violence if the person “intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to

another,” and:

                                              7
      (1) the offense is committed against a person whose relationship to or
          association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b),
          71.003, or 71.005, Family Code;

      (2) it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been
          previously convicted of an offense under this chapter, Chapter 19, or
          Section 20.03, 20.04, or 21.11 against a person whose relationship to or
          association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b),
          71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; and

      (3) the offense is committed by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly
          impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of the person
          by applying pressure to the person’s throat or neck or by blocking the
          person’s nose or mouth.

TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.01(a), (b-1) (emphasis added).

      The second relevant provision, found in Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article

36.01, regards when prior-conviction allegations may be read at trial:

      (a) A jury being impaneled in any criminal action, except as provided by
      Subsection (b) of this article, the cause shall proceed in the following order:

      1. The indictment or information shall be read to the jury by the attorney
      prosecuting. When prior convictions are alleged for purposes of
      enhancement only and are not jurisdictional, that portion of the indictment
      or information reciting such convictions shall not be read until the hearing
      on punishment is held as provided in Article 37.07.

TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 36.01(a)(1). Notably, the article 36.01(a)(1) preclusion

rule only applies to allegations of prior convictions which are used for punishment

enhancement purposes; it does not apply to prior-conviction allegations which are

“jurisdictional.” Oliva v. State, 548 S.W.3d 518, 529 (Tex. Crim. App. 2018).

      Several appellate courts have determined that prior conviction allegations for

family violence under § 22.01 are jurisdictional and “must be included in a hypothetically

correct charge and proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” Reyes v. State, 314 S.W.3d 74,

                                            8
81 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2010, no pet.); see also Walker v. State, No. 02-19-00309-

CR, 2020 WL 7063298, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Dec. 3, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op.,

not designated for publication) (noting that “almost all of the fourteen Texas intermediate

appellate courts have concluded that proof of a prior assault conviction is an element of

the offense of felony assault–family violence”); Garcia v. State, No. 13-15-00508-CR,

2016 WL 4040201, at *2 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg July 28, 2016, pet. ref’d)

(mem. op., not designated for publication) (setting forth the elements required for the

State to prove a second-degree assault family violence offense, which includes proving

a prior conviction for assault causing family violence); Zavala v. State, No. 03–05–00051–

CR, 2007 WL 135979, at *1 (Tex. App.—Austin Jan. 22, 2007, no pet.) (mem. op., not

designated for publication) (same). More recently, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

concluded similarly in its analysis of “the aggravating facts contained in Section

22.01(b)(2) of the Texas Penal Code,” a statutory provision which proscribes for

alternative ways “to elevate simple bodily assault from a Class A misdemeanor to a third-

degree felony” assault. See Holoman v. State, 620 S.W.3d 141, 143 (Tex. Crim. App.

2021); see TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.01(b)(2). The court held that “the prior-assault-on-

a-family-member-conviction [in § 22.01(b)(2)(A)] . . . establishes an element of an

aggravated crime and not, alternatively, a punishment enhancement.” Holoman, 620

S.W.3d at 146–47. Thus, it must be proven at the guilt phase of trial. Id.

       As such, a proper jury charge here is one which would instruct the jury to find Veliz

guilty of second-degree assault family violence if the State proved beyond a reasonable

doubt that: (1) Veliz intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly caused bodily injury to

                                             9
Martinez; (2) Martinez was a person “whose relationship to or association with [Veliz] is

described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, [of the] Family Code”; (3) Veliz

committed the offense by “intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impeding the normal

breathing or circulation of the blood of [Martinez] by applying pressure to [Martinez’s]

throat or neck or by blocking [Martinez’s] nose or mouth”; and (4) Veliz was previously

convicted of an offense involving family violence. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.

§ 22.01(a)(1), (b-1); see also Garcia, 2016 WL 4040201, at *2.

       The jury charge submitted here followed the statutory language nearly verbatim

and was not erroneous in its inclusion of the allegation of Veliz’s prior conviction—a

requisite jurisdictional element of a second-degree assault family violence offense. See

TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.01(a)(1), (b-1); Cortez, 469 S.W.3d at 598; see also Holoman,

620 S.W.3d at 146–47. Therefore, the trial court did not err in its submission. See

Gonzalez, 610 S.W.3d at 27; Cortez, 469 S.W.3d at 598. We overrule Veliz’s third issue.

                                   III.   CONCLUSION

       We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                             CLARISSA SILVA
                                                             Justice

Do not publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2 (b).

Delivered and filed on the
7th day of October, 2021.

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