Court Opinion

ID: 9736744
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-26 19:05:10.166832+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:27:08.624165
License: Public Domain

Per Curiam.
The relevant facts in this case are concisely stated in our colleague’s dissenting opinion. We disagree, however, with the interpretation contained therein of the statutory provisions pertinent to the issue before the Court in this appeal. The issue may be stated as follows:
Does the provision of subsection (2) of MCL 438.31c; MSA 19.15(lc), which precludes an increase in the initial rate of interest contained in certain notes, mortgages, contracts and other evidences of indebtedness specified in subsection (2) apply also to mortgages and land contracts permitted under subsection (6)?
We hold that it does not and reverse.
Subsections (2), (5) and (6) of MCL 438.31c; MSA 19.15(lc) provide in pertinent part as follows:
"(2) For the period ending on December 31, 1981, it is lawful for the parties to a note, bond, or other evidence of indebtedness, executed after August 11, 1969, the *342bona fide primary security for which is a first lien against real property, or a land lease if the tenant owns a majority interest in the improvements thereon, or the parties to a land contract, to agree in writing for the payment of any rate of interest, but the note, mortgage, contract, or other evidence of indebtedness shall not provide that the rate of interest initially effective may be increased for any reason whatsoever.
"(5) The provisions of subsection (2) shall apply only to loans made by lenders approved as a mortgagee under the national housing act or regulated by the state, or by a federal agency, who are authorized by state or federal law to make such loans.
"(6) Notwithstanding subsection (5), lenders or vendors not qualified to make loans under subsection (5) may make, or may have made, mortgage loans and land contracts speciñed in subsection (2) on or after August 16, 1971, which mortgage loans and land contracts provide for a rate of interest not to exceed 11% per annum, which interest shall be inclusive of all amounts defined as the 'finance charge’ in the truth in lending act * * *, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.” (Emphasis supplied.)
It is apparent from a reading of the foregoing statutory provisions that subsection (2) does two things:
First, it speciñes a certain kind of note or contract, to wit:
"* * * a note, bond or other evidence of indebtedness, executed after August 11, 1969, the bona fide primary security for which is a first lien against real property, or a land lease if the tenant owns a majority interest in the improvements thereon, or * * * a land contract Sic sis * ff
Second, it contains provisions relating to those kinds of notes and contracts, to wit:
*343"(2) For the period ending on December 31, 1981, it is lawful for the parties [to a note or contract specified in this section] to agree in writing for the payment of any rate of interest, but the note, mortgage, contract, or other evidence of indebtedness shall not provide that the rate of interest initially effective may be increased for any reason whatsoever.”
Subsection (5) states that the provisions of subsection (2) apply only to loans made by certain regulated or approved lenders.
Subsection (6) permits lenders not included under subsection (5) to make mortgage loans and land contracts of the type speciñed in subsection (2), but it contains its own provisions governing those loans or contracts, i.e., they must be made on or after August 16, 1971, and provide for an interest rate not to exceed 11% per annum including finance charges.
As we read the statute, that part of subsection (2) which provides that the rate of interest initially effective may not be increased is one of the provisions of subsection (2) which, pursuant to subsection (5), applies only to loans made by regulated and approved lenders described in subsection (5) and not to the subsection (6) transaction involved in this case.
In other words, by virtue of subsection (6), a lender not described in subsection (5) may enter into a subsection (2) transaction, i.e., a transaction involving "a note, bond, or other evidence of indebtedness, executed after August 11, 1969, the bona fide primary security for which is a first lien against real property, or a land lease if the tenant owns a majority interest in the improvements thereon, or * * * a land contract”. The statutory provisions, however, which regulate these notes or contracts are not the subsection (2) provisions *344which allow any rate of interest and preclude any increase in the rate of interest but rather the subsection (6) provisions which require that the note or contract be entered into on or after August 16, 1971, and limit the rate of interest to 11% per annum including finance charges. We conclude, therefore, that the subsection (2) provision precluding an increase in the initial rate of interest would not apply to the subsection (6) transaction involved in this case.
The legislative history of the usury statute, MCL 438.31 et seq.; MSA 19.15 et seq., lends support to the foregoing interpretation of the relevant statutory provisions. That statute has been the subject of considerable legislative attention over the years. The modern history of the statute began with 1966 PA 326. That act provided a limitation of 5% per annum on interest rates unless the parties agreed in writing to a rate not exceeding 7% per annum. The act contained no provisions relating to interest escalation, and no distinction was made between regulated and unregulated lenders.
The first amendatory act, 1969 PA 305, introduced several restrictions upon a loan agreement. The act provided that the lender shall not require any deposit, other than an escrow account, to be maintained by the borrower, that the lender not impose or collect any payment pursuant to a discount or point system and that the note contain no provision raising the rate of interest.
"A provision in any note, mortgage, contract or other evidence of indebtedness, heretofore or hereafter made, that the rate of interest initially effective may be increased for any reason is unenforceable in any court in this state.” 1969 PA 305, § 2.
This act did not distinguish between regulated and nonregulated lenders.
*345Several months later, 1970 PA 75 again amended the statute. This amendment, replaced the former subsection (2) with a new subsection substantially the same as the present subsection (2). The provisions in subsection (2) of the 1970 act applied to any note, bond, evidence of indebtedness, or land contract between any parties, executed after August 11, 1969. In the same sentence that specified virtually all loan transactions, the act stated that:
"* * * no such note, mortgage, contract or other evidence of indebtedness shall provide that the rate of interest initially effective may be increased for any reason whatsoever.” 1970 PA 75, § 2.
This act drew no distinction between regulated and nonregulated lenders.
Distinctions between approved or regulated lenders and natural persons were first made in 1971 PA 94. That act added subsections (3), (4) and (5) to the previous statute. Subsection (5) provided:
"(5) The provisions of subsection (2) shall apply only to loans made by lenders approved as a mortgagee under the national housing act or regulated by the state, or by a federal agency, who are authorized by state or federal law to make such loans and mortgage loans and land contracts between natural persons. Loans and land contracts between natural persons under subsection (2) shall not exceed 6 per year.” 1971 PA 94, § 5. (Emphasis supplied.)
Thus, the statute, in late 1971, provided unambiguously that the restrictions in subsection (2) applied to land contracts between natural persons.
The mid-1971 amendment was apparently unsatisfactory, however, for later that year the Legisla*346ture again amended the statute. 1971 PA 228 deleted from subsection (5) the statement that the provisions of subsection (2) shall apply to land contracts between natural persons. This amendment added the present subsection (6), apparently covering loans between natural persons. Subsequent amendments have retained this scheme.
It is clear, therefore, that although subsection (5) previously expressly applied the provisions of subsection (2), including the nonescalation of interest provision, to land contracts between natural persons the Legislature intentionally deleted that part of subsection (5) in 1971. Had the Legislature intended that the subsection (2) restrictions continue to apply to land contracts between natural persons, it must be assumed that it would have expressly so provided.
We hold that the nonescalation of interest provision of subsection (2) does not apply to land contracts between natural persons entered into pursuant to the provisions of subsection (6).
Reversed. Costs to appellant.