Court Opinion

ID: 4457082
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-11-19 21:00:28.810016+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:51:19.438051
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       NOV 19 2019
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

LUISA CHAVAJAY-HERNANDEZ,                       No.    17-73394

                Petitioner,                     Agency No. A072-159-877

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                          Submitted November 4, 2019**
                              Seattle, Washington

Before: GOULD and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges, and R. COLLINS,*** District
Judge.

      Petitioner Luisa Chavajay-Hernandez appeals the decision of the Board of

Immigration Appeals (BIA) denying her motion to reopen her removal

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable Raner C. Collins, United States District Judge for the
District of Arizona, sitting by designation.
proceedings. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. Reviewing for an abuse

of discretion, Agonafar v. Sessions, 859 F.3d 1198, 1203 (9th Cir. 2017), we deny

the petition for review.

      Chavajay is a native and citizen of Guatemala. In August 1993, she entered

the United States without inspection. She then could not read or write and she

spoke basic Spanish. A few months after her entry, she was arrested at a worksite

raid in Washington. The record contains an Order to Show Cause (OSC)

indicating that it was personally served on Chavajay and read aloud to her in

Spanish. The OSC includes Chavajay’s signature and thumbprint, and it is

addressed to a post office box belonging to her employer.

      After her arrest, Chavajay was not detained. She moved to Florida without

giving an address to the office of the Immigration Judge (IJ). The office of the IJ

sent a Notice of Hearing via certified mail to the post office box listed on the OSC.

The Notice was returned to the sender. Chavajay did not attend her removal

proceedings and she was ordered deported in absentia.

      The BIA did not abuse its discretion when it concluded that Chavajay

received adequate notice of her hearing. Notice may be actual or constructive.

Khan v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 825, 828 (9th Cir. 2004); Farhoud v. I.N.S., 122 F.3d
794, 796 (9th Cir. 1997). Chavajay received actual notice of her OSC, as

evidenced by the unchallenged signature and thumbprint in the spaces marked for

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the alien’s signature and thumbprint. The OSC was also read aloud to her in

Spanish, a language she understood. Any other alleged irregularities in the OSC or

errors in the corresponding I-213 have no bearing on whether Chavajay was

personally served with the OSC.

      Chavajay received constructive notice of her Notice of Hearing. When

notice is sent via certified mail to an alien’s last known address, there is a

presumption of notice and proof of actual service or receipt is not required. Arrieta

v. I.N.S., 117 F.3d 429, 431 (9th Cir. 1997). Chavajay did not rebut this

presumption with substantial and probative evidence of non-delivery or improper

delivery. See id. at 431–32. Even if the Notice of Hearing was sent to an address

that she did not provide, Chavajay was aware of her obligation to update her

address with the office of the IJ.

      Chavajay’s due process claim also fails. Actual notice satisfies due process,

Khan, 374 F.3d at 828, and Chavajay received actual notice of the requirement to

update her address. The OSC informed Chavajay in English and in Spanish that

she was required to provide the office of the IJ with an address where she should

could be contacted and to update her address within five days of any move. The

OSC was read aloud to her in Spanish.

      Finally, Pereira v. Sessions, 138 S. Ct. 2105 (2018), does not require us to

remand Chavajay’s case. In Pereira, the Supreme Court held that when a Notice

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to Appear (NTA) does not specify the time and place of an alien’s removal

hearing, it does not trigger the stop-time rule for purposes of cancellation of

removal. Id. at 2118. Pereira’s holding does not apply to Chavajay. In Pereira,

the Supreme Court considered the notice requirements of the Immigration and

Nationality Act (INA) after the passage of the Illegal Immigration Reform and

Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA). Id. at 2110. The Court did not

consider the pre-IIRIRA statutory scheme under which Chavajay was ordered

deported. Before IIRIRA, the INA permitted the time and place of the hearing to

be sent in a separate Notice of Hearing after the initial OSC. By contrast, the post-

IIRIRA INA expressly requires NTAs to include the time and place of the hearing.

Compare 8 U.S.C. § 1252b(a)(2)(A)(i) (1994), with 8 U.S.C. § 1229(a)(1)(G)(i)

(2018).

      PETITION DENIED.

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