Court Opinion

ID: 1834709
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-30 07:34:08.700186+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:11:12.817413
License: Public Domain

543 So. 2d 1205 (1989)
In re STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES.
No. 73033.
Supreme Court of Florida.
March 30, 1989.
Harry Lee Coe, III, Chairman, Committee on Standard Jury Instructions (Criminal), Tampa, for petitioner.
PER CURIAM.
The Supreme Court Committee on Standard Jury Instructions (Criminal) has submitted two petitions which propose amendments to the Florida Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases. The petitions are set forth below, and the exhibits referred to therein are appended to the end of this opinion:
  PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO FLORIDA
    STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS
     IN CRIMINAL CASES (88-1)
______________________________________
To: CHIEF JUSTICE AND JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA
Your committee recommends the following revisions to the Florida Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases. Most of the proposed revisions are the same as those published in the January 1, 1988, issue of the Florida Bar News. A few changes have been made based on responses to the proposals as published, and some additional proposals that the committee believes are noncontroversial have been added. Following the order in which the instructions appear in The Florida Bar's jury instructions manual, the changes recommended and the reasons for the changes are provided below. To the extent possible, wording to be deleted is indicated by strike through marks and wording to be added is underlined.
1. Page 39 of the Bar's manual provides an instruction on entrapment. Chapter 87-243, Section 42, Laws of Florida, creates Section 777.201, Florida Statutes, which redefines the entrapment defense. Instructions incorporating the new law are provided in Exhibit 1. The new instruction is for offenses occurring on or after October 1, 1987. The committee decided to retain the current instruction for use when the offense occurred before October 1, 1987. An additional proposed change to both of the instructions is the addition of a definition of "predisposition." In particular, the court's attention to the final paragraph of the new instruction is requested.
2. Pages 45c and 45d of the manual provide the current instruction on justifiable use of force by law enforcement officers. Chapter 87-147, Laws of Florida, amends Section 776.05, Florida Statutes, to redefine justifiable use of force by an officer. A revised instruction to reflect the statutory change is provided in Exhibit 2.
3. Pages 77 through 82 of the manual provide instructions on penalty proceedings in capital cases. Chapter 87-368, Section 1, Laws of Florida, creates Section 921.141(5)(j), Florida Statutes, which provides an additional aggravating circumstance to be considered by the jury. The committee therefore proposes the addition of paragraph 10 to the list on pages 78 and 79 of the manual as follows:
10. The victim of the crime for which defendant is to be sentenced was a law enforcement officer engaged in the performance of the officer's official duties.
4. Page 97 of the manual provides for the offense of carrying concealed weapons. A change to paragraph 2 of that instruction is proposed as follows:
2. The (weapon alleged) was concealed from the ordinary sight of another person others who might casually observe the defendant.
Support for the current wording comes from Ensor v. State, 403 So. 2d 349, 354 (Fla. 1981), but the committee believes that the instruction should be amended to conform to the statutory definition of "concealed weapon" in Section 790.001(3)(a), Florida Statutes (1987).
5. Page 98 of the manual provides an instruction based on Section 790.05, Florida Statutes (1981). That law was repealed in *1206 1987; therefore, the instruction should be removed. See Chapter 87-24, Laws of Florida.
6. Page 99 of the manual provides an instruction based on Section 790.07(1) and (2), Florida Statutes. A change in paragraph 1b is proposed as follows:
b. [carried a [weapon] [firearm], which was concealed from the ordinary sight of another person others who might casually observe him.]
The reason for this change is the same as the one in paragraph 4 above.
7. Page 102 provides an instruction on Section 790.15, Florida Statutes. The committee recommends amending paragraphs a and b of the instruction as follows:
a. [(Defendant) knowingly discharged a firearm in a public place.]
b. [(Defendant) knowingly discharged a firearm on the right of way of a paved road, highway or street.]
The word "knowingly" is included in paragraph c of the current instruction and should be inserted in paragraphs a and b as shown.
8. Regarding page 103 of the manual, paragraph 3b should be amended as follows:
b. [a disruption of governmental commerce.]
Although the wording of the Section 790.161, Florida Statutes, may be ambiguous, the committee believes that "governmental" modifies only "operations" and not "commerce."
9. Pages 111 and 112 provide instructions for Sections 790.221 and 790.23, Florida Statutes, respectively. The committee proposes the addition of a definition of "possess" to those instructions. The definition proposed is the same as the one used in the drug possession instructions. Exhibit 3 provides the full instructions with the definition of "possess" added. Paragraph 2 of the instruction on Section 790.23 also is amended to conform to the statute.
10. Page 147 provides an instruction on theft. Section 812.014, Florida Statutes, was amended by Chapter 87-376, Laws of Florida. A revised instruction to incorporate the changes in the law is provided in Exhibit 4.
11. The instructions on pages 150 and 151 cover dealing in stolen property. The effect of Section 812.028(3), Florida Statutes, is not provided for in the current instructions. The amendments shown in Exhibit 5 are intended to incorporate that statute.
12. The robbery instruction on page 155 of the manual needs to conform to Section 812.13, Florida Statutes, as amended by Chapter 87-315, Laws of Florida. Exhibit 6 provides the proposed instruction.
13. Pages 163 and 164 provide the instruction for contributing to delinquency and to dependency. The wording of the instruction on page 163 does not need to be revised. Most of the wording on page 164, however, is based on former delinquency and dependency definitions that have been revised several times. The committee intends to propose a revised instruction in the future but, for now, recommends the deletion of the instruction on page 164. Instead, a note should replace the instruction on that page as follows:
Note to Judge: Prepare the definition of "delinquency" or of "dependency" based on the statutory definitions in effect at the time of the alleged offense. See F.S. 39.01.
14. Page 216 provides an instruction on bookmaking. Section 849.25, Florida Statutes, was amended by Chapter 87-243, Section 48, Laws of Florida. A revised instruction incorporating the 1987 amendments is proposed. See Exhibit 7.
15. Pages 219 through 250 provide instructions for drug abuse and drug trafficking offenses under Chapter 893, Florida Statutes. Chapter 87-243, Laws of Florida, amends several statutes covered by those instructions. Revisions to the affected instructions are proposed. See Exhibit 8.
16. Currently there are no instructions for prosecutions under Chapter 895, Florida Statutes. Proposed instructions are provided in Exhibit 9.
*1207 17. Pages 261 and 262 provide a comment on the schedule of lesser included offenses. Based on changes in the law since 1981, the committee has revised the comment. See Exhibit 10 for the revised comment.
18. The "SCHEDULE OF LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSES" is provided on pages 263 through 284 of the manual. The committee has not reviewed each offense listed in the schedule in light of recent opinions that may affect the table. Nevertheless, some needed changes have been identified by the committee as shown in Exhibit 11.
               Respectfully submitted,
               /s/ Harry Lee Coe III
               Harry Lee Coe, Chair
                 PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO FLORIDA
                   STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS
                    IN CRIMINAL CASES (88-2)
_________________________________________________________________
TO: CHIEF JUSTICE AND JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA
Your committee met on November 18, 1988, to review 1988 legislation that affects the standard jury instructions. Several changes in the instructions are needed, and the committee believes they can be made without following the normal procedure of publishing proposed instructions in The Florida Bar News. The committee requests that those changes (provided below) be considered along with the proposals in the committee's previous report (88-1).
1. The aggravating circumstances for the jury to consider in a capital offense are provided on pages 78 and 79 of the manual. An instruction on a new circumstance is proposed in the previous report (88-1). Chapter 88-381, § 10, Laws of Florida, created Section 921.141(5)(k), a new aggravating circumstance. The committee, therefore, proposes adding another new paragraph as follows:
11. The victim of the crime for which the defendant is to be sentenced was an elected or appointed official engaged in the performance of his official duties and the crime was related, in whole or in part, to the victim's official capacity.
2. Section 784.045, Florida Statutes, was amended by Chapter 88-344, § 3, Laws of Florida, to create a new aggravated battery offense. The committee, therefore, proposes that paragraph 2 of its instruction on page 90 of the manual be amended as follows:
2. (Defendant) in committing the battery
a. [intentionally or knowingly caused
[great bodily harm to (victim)]]
[permanent disability to (victim)]]
[permanent disfigurement to (victim)]]
b. [used a deadly weapon.]
c. [knew or should have known that (victim) was pregnant.]
3. The court in State v. Potts 526 So. 2d 63 (Fla. 1988) found section 790.07(2) "unconstitutional to the extent it purports to penalize a person who is under indictment." Paragraph 2 of the jury instruction on page 99 of the manual, therefore, should be amended by striking "[under indictment or information]" and by removing the brackets from "[committing or attempting to commit the felony of (felony alleged)]."
4. Section 790.161, Florida Statutes, was amended by Chapter 88-381, § 44, Laws of Florida. The instruction on page 103 of the manual, therefore, should be amended as shown in Exhibit 12, which incorporates another change suggested in the (88-1) report.
5. Section 790.162, Florida Statutes, was amended by Chapter 88-381, § 45, Laws of Florida. The instruction on page 104 of the manual, therefore, should be amended as shown in Exhibit 13.
6. Chapter 88-381, § 46, Laws of Florida, amends Section 806.111(1)(b), Florida Statutes, which defines "fire bomb." The definition in the instruction on page 129 of the manual should be amended to conform to the statute as follows:
"A `fire bomb' is a container containing flammable liquid or combustible liquid, or any incendiary chemical mixture or compound, having a wick or similar device capable of being ignited or other means capable of causing ignition; but *1208 no device commercially manufactured primarily for the purpose of illumination, heating or cooking, shall be deemed to be such a fire bomb."
7. In Thomas v. State, 531 So. 2d 708 (Fla. 1988), the court overruled previous decisions that distinguished between common and uncommon devices as burglary tools. The instruction on page 138 of the manual should be revised to conform to that decision. Paragraph 2b of the instruction should be removed, and the instructions in the margin related to paragraph 2 should be deleted. The "a" in front of the remaining paragraph 2 also should be deleted.
8. Chapter 88-151, § 4, Laws of Florida, amends Section 827.04, Florida Statutes, concerning child abuse. The instruction on page 161 of the manual needs to be amended to conform to the statute. Paragraph 1 of the instruction, therefore, should be amended to read:
1. (Defendant) [willfully] [by culpable negligence] [knowingly]:
[[deprived (victim) of] [allowed (victim) to be deprived of] necessary food, clothing, shelter or medical treatment.] [inflicted or permitted the infliction of [physical] [mental] injury to (victim).]
9. Chapter 88-381, § 51, Laws of Florida, amends Section 843.02, Florida Statutes, concerning the offense of resisting an officer without violence. To conform the instruction to the statute, paragraph 1 on page 196 of the manual should be revised to read:
1. (Defendant) [resisted] [obstructed] [opposed] (victim).
10. Chapter 88-122, § 78, Laws of Florida, amended Section 951.23, Florida Statutes, adding "a county residential probation center" to the definition of "county detention facility." The instruction on page 257 of the manual should be amended to conform to the statute as shown in Exhibit 14.
11. The committee in its previous report (88-1) recommended the addition of a note regarding all drug trafficking offenses listed in the Schedule of Lesser Included Offenses. The note cites "Dauphin v. State, 511 So. 2d 1037 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987), cert. pending (case No. 70,995, Fla.S.Ct.)." The correct case name actually is "Daophin v. State" but of more importance the decision of the district court was reversed on October 20, 1988. The note, therefore, should not be approved.
The committee is drafting other amendments to existing instructions and some new instructions based on 1988 legislation, all of which need to be published in the Bar News. Those instructions will be submitted no sooner than March 1989.
              Respectfully submitted,
              /s/ Harry Lee Coe
              Harry Lee Coe, Chair
We approve for publication these recommended amendments.[*] We caution all interested persons, however, that the notes and comments reflect only the opinion of the committee and are not necessarily indicative of the views of this Court as to their correctness or applicability.
It is so ordered.
EHRLICH, C.J., and OVERTON, McDONALD, SHAW, BARKETT, GRIMES and KOGAN, JJ., concur.

*1209
                               EXHIBIT 1
                        3.04(c)(1) ENTRAPMENT
Note to Judge             This instruction is for offenses occurring before
                        October 1, 1987.
                          The defense of entrapment has been raised. This
                        means that (defendant) claims he had no prior
                        intention to commit the offense and that he
                        committed it only because he was persuaded or
                        caused to commit the offense by law enforcement
                        officers.
                          (Defendant) was entrapped if:
                          1. he had no prior intention to commit (crime
                             charged), but
                          2. he was persuaded, induced or lured into
                             committing the offense and
                          3. the person who persuaded, induced or lured him
                             into committing the offense was a law
                             enforcement officer, or someone acting for the
                             officer.
                          It is not entrapment if (defendant) had the
                        predisposition to commit (crime charged).
                        (Defendant) had the predisposition if, before any
                        law enforcement officer or person acting for the
                        officer persuaded, induced, or lured (defendant),
                        he had a readiness or willingness to commit (crime
                        charged) if the opportunity presented itself.
When claim of             However It is also not entrapment merely because a
entrapment no defense   law enforcement officer in a good faith attempt to
Give a, b or c as       detect crime:
applicable
                          a. [provided the defendant the opportunity, means
                             and facilities to commit the offense, which
                             the defendant intended to commit and would have
                             committed otherwise]
                          b. [used tricks, decoys or subterfuge to expose
                             the defendant's criminal acts.]
                          c. [was present and pretending to aid or assist in
                             the commission of the offense.]
                          On the issue of entrapment, the State must
                        convince you beyond a reasonable doubt that the
                        defendant was not entrapped.
                           (NEW INSTRUCTION)
                        3.04(c)(2) ENTRAPMENT
Note to Judge             This instruction is to be used for offenses
                        occurring on or after October 1, 1987.
                          The defense of entrapment has been raised.
                        (Defendant) was entrapped if
                        1. he was, for the purpose of obtaining evidence of
                           the commission of a crime, induced or encouraged
                           to engage in conduct constituting the crime of
                           (crime charged), and
                        2. he engaged in such conduct as the direct result
                           of such inducement or encouragement, and
                        3. the person who induced or encouraged him was a
                           law enforcement officer or a person engaged in
                           cooperating with or acting as an agent of a law
                           enforcement officer, and
                        4. the person who induced or encouraged him employed
                           methods of persuasion or inducement which created
                           a substantial risk that the crime would be
                           committed by a person other than one who was
                           ready to commit it, and
                        5. (Defendant) was not a person who was ready to
                           commit the crime.
                        It is not entrapment if (defendant) had the
                        predisposition to commit the (crime charged).
                        (Defendant) had the predisposition if before any
                        law enforcement officer or person acting
                        for the officer persuaded, induced, or lured
                        (defendant), he
*1210                        had a readiness or willingness to commit (crime
                        charged) if the opportunity presented itself.
                        It is also not entrapment merely because a law
                        enforcement officer in a good faith attempt to
                        detect crime
                        (a) [provided the defendant the opportunity, means
                            and facilities to commit the offense, which the
                            defendant intended to commit and would have
                            committed otherwise.]
                        (b) [used tricks, decoys or subterfuge to expose the
                            defendant's criminal acts.]
                        (c) [was present and pretending to aid or assist in
                            the commission of the offense.]
                          On the issue of entrapment, the defendant must
                        prove to you by a preponderance of the evidence that
                        his criminal conduct occurred as the result of
                        entrapment.
                               EXHIBIT 2
                    3.04(f) JUSTIFIABLE USE OF FORCE
                       BY LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER
In making an arrest       A law enforcement officer, or any person he has
of a felon              summoned or directed to assist him, need not retreat
F.S. 776.05             from or stop efforts to make a lawful arrest because
                        of resistance or threatened resistance to the
                        arrest. The officer is justified in the use of any
Give if applicable      force that he reasonably believes necessary to
                        defend himself or another from bodily harm while
                        making the arrest. That force is also justifiable
                        when necessarily used:
                          1. in retaking a felon person who has been
                             convicted of a felony and who has escaped. or
                          2. in arresting a felon person who has been
                             convicted of a felony and who is fleeing from
                             justice.
Force in making           Use of any force by a law enforcement officer or
unlawful arrest         any person summoned or directed to assist the law
prohibited              enforcement officer is not justified if:
F.S. 776.051(2)
Give if                   1. The arrest is unlawful. and
applicable
                          2. It is known by the officer or the person
                             assisting him to be unlawful.
In making an arrest       1. In arresting a suspected felon who is fleeing
of a suspected               from justice, an law enforcement officer is
fleeing felon                justified in the can use of any force likely
Tennessee v. Garner          to cause death or great bodily harm. if
(U.S.Sup.Ct. 1985),
53 LW 4410
Give 1(a), or (b)            (a) the law enforcement officer has probable
or (c) as applicable             cause to reasonably believes that the
                                 suspected fleeing felon poses a threat of
                                 death or serious physical harm, either to
                                 the officer or to others.; or
Define felon                 (b) the suspected felon has threatened the law
                                 enforcement officer with a weapon.
                             (c) the law enforcement officer has probable
                                 cause to reasonably believes that the
                                 suspected fleeing felon has committed a
                                 crime involving the infliction or the
                                 threatened infliction of serious physical
                                 harm to another person.
Read if 1(a), (b) or    If the law enforcement officer has an opportunity to
(c) given               do so he must give the suspected felon warning that
                        he is about to use force likely to cause death or
                        great bodily harm.
*1211                    POSSESSION OF FORBIDDEN FIREARMS
                              F.S. 790.221
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged), the State must prove the following two
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
                   Elements                 1. (Defendant)
                                               [owned]
                                               [had in
                                               his care,
                                               custody,
                                               possession
                                               or control]
                                               a (firearm
                                               alleged).
                                            2. The (firearm
                                               alleged)
                                               was one
                                               that was,
                                               or could
                                               readily be
                                               made, operable.
Defenses                  If you find that the (firearm alleged) was
                        lawfully owned and possessed under provisions of
                        the federal law, you shall find the defendant not
                        guilty.
                          This law does not apply to antique firearms.
Definitions; give as      "Care" and "custody" mean immediate charge and
applicable              control exercised by a person over the named object.
                        The terms care, custody and control may be used
                        interchangeable.
                          A ["short-barreled rifle"] ["short-barreled
                        shotgun"] ["machine gun"] is legally defined as
                        (adapt from F.S. 790.001(9), (10) or (11) as
                        required by the allegations).
                          An "antique firearm" is legally defined as (adapt
                        from F.S. 790.001(1) as required by the
                        allegations).
                          To "Possess" means to have personal charge of or
                        exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
                          Possession may be actual or constructive. If a
                        thing is in the hand of or on the person, or in a
                        bag or container in the hand of or on the person, or
                        is so close as to be within ready reach and is under
                        the control of the person, it is in the actual
                        possession of that person.
                          If a thing is in a place over which the person has
                        control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession of
                        that article.
                          If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession
                        of a thing, knowledge of its presence may not be
                        inferred or assumed.
                        FELONS POSSESSING WEAPONS
                        F.S. 790.23
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged), the State must prove the following two
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) had been convicted of (prior
                             offense).
                          2. After the conviction (defendant)
*1212Give 2a or 2b as             a. [owned] [had in his care, custody,
applicable                      possession or control]
                                [a firearm.]
                                [an electric weapon or device]
                                [a concealed weapon.]
                             b. [carried a (weapon alleged), which was
                                concealed from the ordinary sight of another
                                person. others who might casually observe
                                him.]
Defense                   If you find that the defendant's civil rights had
                        been restored at the time of the offense, you shall
                        find the defendant not guilty.
Definitions               "Convicted" means that a judgment has been entered
                        in a criminal proceeding by a competent court
                        pronouncing the accused guilty.
                          A ["firearm"] ["electric weapon or device"]
                        ["concealed weapon"] is legally defined as (adapt
                        from F.S. 790.001 as required by the allegations).
Give if 2b alleged        "Care" and "custody" mean immediate charge and
                        control exercised by a person over the named object.
                        The terms care, custody and control may be used
                        interchangeably.
                          To "possess" means to have personal charge of or
                        exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
                          Possession may be actual or constructive.
                        If a thing is in the hand of or on the person, or in
                        a bag or container in the hand of or on the person,
                        or is so close as to be within ready reach and is
                        under the control of the person, it is in the actual
                        possession of that person.
                          If a thing is in a place over which the person has
                        control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession of
                        that article.
                          If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession of
                        a thing, knowledge of its presence may not be
                        inferred or assumed.
                               EXHIBIT 4
                        THEFT
                        F.S. 812.014
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of Theft,
                        the State must prove the following two elements
                        beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) knowingly and unlawfully [obtained]
                             [used] [endeavored to obtain] [endeavored to
                             use] the (property alleged) of (victim).
                          2. He did so with intent to, either temporarily or
                             permanently,
                               [deprive (victim) of his right to the
                               property or any benefit from it.]
                               [appropriate the property of (victim) to his
                               own use or to the use of any person not
                               entitled to it.]
Degrees; give if        The punishment provided by law for the crime of
property is of          theft is greater depending upon the value of the
monetary value up to    property taken. Therefore, If you find the defendant
extent of charge        guilty of theft, you must determine by your verdict
                        whether:
                        a. [The value of the property taken was $100,000 or
                           more.]
*1213                          a.b. [The value of the property taken was $20,000
                               or more but less than $100,000.]
                          b.c. [The value of the property taken was $300 or
                               more but less than $20,000.]
                          c.d. [The value of the property taken was less
                               than $300.]
Give if applicable          e. [The property was [a will, codicil, or other
                               testamentary instrument.] [a firearm.] [a
                               motor vehicle.] [a horse.] [a cow.] [a pig.]
                               [a kind of livestock.] [a fire extinguisher.]
                               [2000 or more pieces of fruit.] [taken from a
                               posted construction site.]]
Inferences; give if       Proof that a person presented false identification
applicable              not current in respect to name, address, place of
F.S. 812.022(1)         employment or other material aspect in connection
                        with the leasing of personal property, or failed
                        to return leased property within 72 hours of the
                        termination of the leasing agreement, unless
                        satisfactorily explained, gives rise to an inference
                        that the property was obtained or is now used with
                        unlawful intent to commit theft.
Inferences; give         Proof of possession of recently stolen property,
if applicable          unless satisfactorily explained, give rise to an
F.S. 812.022(2)        inference that the person in possession of the
                       property knew or should have known that the
                       property had been stolen.
Definitions;             "Obtains or uses" means any manner of:
give if applicable
F.S. 812.012(2)
                           (a) Taking or exercising control over property.
                           (b) Making any unauthorized use, disposition, or
                               transfer of property.
                           (c) Obtaining property by fraud, willful
                               misrepresentation of a future act, or false
                               promise.
                           (d) 1. Conduct previously known as stealing;
                                  larceny; purloining; abstracting;
                                  embezzlement; misapplication;
                                  misappropriation; conversion; or
                                  obtaining money or property by false
                                  pretenses, fraud, or deception; or
                               2. Other conduct similar in nature.
                         "Endeavor" means to attempt or try.
F.S. 812.012(3)          "Property" means anything of value, and includes:
                           real property, including things growing on,
                         affixed to and found in land;
                           tangible or intangible personal property,
                         including rights, privileges, interests and
                         claims; and
                           services.
F.S. 812.012(5)          "Services" means anything of value resulting from
                       a person's physical or mental labor or skill, or
                       from the use, possession or presence of property,
                       and includes:
                           repairs or improvements to property;
                           professional services;
                           private, public or government communication,
                         transportation, power, water or sanitation
                         services;
                           lodging accommodations; and
                           admissions to places of exhibition or
                         entertainment.
Note to Judge            It is error to inform the jury of a prior
                       conviction. Therefore, do not read the allegation
                       of prior conviction or send the information or
                       indictment into the jury room. The historical fact
                       of a previous conviction shall be determined by the
                       judge, and shall thereby fix the degree of the
                       crime. State of Florida v. Harris, 356 So. 2d 315
                       (Fla. 1978).
F.S. 812.012(9)          "Value" means
                           The market value of the property at the time and
                         place of the offense, or if that value cannot be
                         satisfactorily
*1214                         ascertained, the cost of replacement of the
                         property within a reasonable time after the
                         offense.
                             In the case of a written instrument that does
                           not have a readily ascertainable market value,
                           such as a check, draft or promissory note, the
                           value is the amount due or collectible.
                             In the case of any other instrument that
                           creates, releases, discharges or otherwise
                           affects any valuable legal right, privilege or
                           obligation, the value is the greatest amount of
                           economic loss that the owner of the instrument
                           might reasonably suffer by virtue of the loss
                           of the instrument.
                             The value of a trade secret that does not have
                           a readily ascertainable market value is any
                           reasonable value representing the damage to the
                           owner suffered by reason of losing an advantage
                           over those who do not know of or use the trade
                           secret.
                             If the exact value of the property cannot be
                           ascertained, you should attempt to determine a
                           minimum value. If you cannot determine the
                           minimum value, you must find the value is less
                           than $100 $300.
                             Amounts of value of separate properties,
                           involved in thefts committed pursuant to one
                           scheme or course of conduct, whether the thefts
                           are from the same person or several person, may
                           be totaled in determining the grade of the
                           offense.
                              EXHIBIT 5
                        DEALING IN STOLEN PROPERTY (FENCING)
                        F.S. 812.019(1)
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged), the State must prove the following two
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) [trafficked in] [endeavored to
                             traffic in] (property alleged).
                          2. (Defendant) knew or should have known that
                             (property alleged) was stolen.
Definitions               "Property" means anything of value, and includes:
F.S. 812-012(3)
                            real property, including things growing on,
                          affixed to and found in land;
                            tangible or intangible personal property,
                          including rights, privileges, interests and
                          claims; and
                            services.
F.S. 812.012(6)           "Stolen property" means property that has been
812.028(3)              the subject of any criminally wrongful taking or if
                        the property has not been stolen, that it was
                        offered for sale to (defendant) as stolen property.
F.S. 812.012(7)           "Traffic" means:
                            to sell, transfer, distribute, dispense or
                          otherwise dispose of property; and
                            to buy, receive, possess, obtain control of or
                          use property with the intent to sell, transfer,
                          distribute, dispense or otherwise dispose of that
                          property.
                        DEALING IN STOLEN PROPERTY (ORGANIZING)
                        F.S. 812.019(2)
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged), the State must prove the following two
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
*1215Elements                  1. (Defendant) [initiated] [organized] [planned]
                             [financed] [directed] [managed] [supervised]
                             the theft of (property alleged).
                          2. (Defendant) trafficked in the (property
                             alleged).
Definitions               "Property" means anything of value, and includes:
F.S. 812.012(3)
                            real property, including things growing on,
                          affixed on, affixed to and found in land;
                            tangible or intangible personal property,
                          including rights, privileges, interests and
                          claims; and
                            services.
F.S. 812.012(6)           "Stolen property" means property that has been the
812.028(3)              subject of any criminally wrongful taking or if the
                        property has not been stolen, that it was offered
                        for sale to (defendant) as stolen property.
F.S. 812.012(7)           "Traffic" means:
                            to sell, transfer, distribute, dispense or
                          otherwise dispose of property; and
                            to buy, receive, possess, obtain control of or
                          use property with the intent to sell, transfer,
                          distribute, dispense or otherwise dispose of that
                          property.
                               EXHIBIT 6
                        ROBBERY
                        F.S. 812.13
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        Robbery, the State must prove the following four
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) took the (money or property
                             described in charge) from the person or custody
                             of (person alleged).
                          2. The taking was by Force, violence, assault, or
                             by putting (person alleged) in fear was used in
                             the course of the taking.
                          3. The property taken was of some value.
                          4. (Defendant) took the (money or property
                             described in the charge) from the person or
                             custody of (person alleged) and at the time
                             of the taking intended to permanently deprive
                             (person alleged) of the (money or property).
                             The taking was with the intent to permanently
                             [deprive (victim) of his right to the property
                             or any benefit from it.] [appropriate the
                             property of (victim) to his own use or to the
                             use of any person not entitled to it.]
                             "In the course of the taking" means that the
                             act occurred prior to, contemporaneous with, or
                             subsequent to the taking of the property and
                             that the act and the taking of the property
                             constitute continuous series of acts or events.
Title to property         In order for a taking of property to be robbery,
                        it is not necessary that the person robbed be the
                        actual owner of the property. It is sufficient if
                        the victim has the custody of the property at the
                        time of the offense.
Force; give               The taking must be by the use of force or violence
if applicable           or by assault so as to overcome the resistance of
                        the victim, or by putting the victim in fear so that
                        he does not resist. The law does not require that
                        the victim of robbery resist to any particular
                        extent or that he offer any actual physical
                        resistance if the circumstances are such that he is
                        placed in fear of death or great bodily harm if he
                        does resist. But unless
*1216                        prevented by fear there must be some resistance to
                        make the taking one done by force or violence.
Victim unconscious;       It is also robbery if a person, with intent to
give if applicable      take the property from a victim, administers any
                        substance to another so that the victim becomes
                        unconscious and then takes the property from the
                        person or custody of the victim.
Taking                    In order for a taking by force, violence or
                        putting in fear to be robbery, it is not necessary
                        that the taking be from the person of the victim. It
                        is sufficient if the property taken is under the
                        actual control of the victim so that it cannot be
                        taken without the use of force, violence or
                        intimidation directed against the victim.
Enhanced penalty;         The punishment provided by law for the crime of
give if applicable      robbery is greater if "in the course of committing
                        the robbery" the defendant carried some kind of
                        weapon. An act is "in the course of committing the
                        robbery" if it occurs in an attempt to commit
                        robbery or in flight after the attempt or
                        commission. Therefore, if you find the defendant
                        guilty of robbery, you must then consider whether
                        the State has further proved those aggravating
                        circumstances and reflect this in your verdict.
With a firearm                If you find that the defendant carried a
                            firearm in the course of committing the robbery,
                            you should find him guilty of robbery with a
                            firearm.
With a deadly                 If you find that the defendant carried a
weapon                      (deadly weapon described in charge) in the
                            course of committing the robbery and that the
                            (deadly weapon  described in charge) was a
                            deadly weapon, you should find him guilty of
                            robbery with a deadly weapon.
With other                    If you find that the defendant carried a
weapon                      weapon that was not a [firearm] [deadly weapon]
                            in the course of committing the robbery, you
                            should find him guilty of robbery with a weapon.
With no firearm               If you find that the defendant carried no
or weapon                   firearm or weapon in the course of committing
                            the robbery, but did commit the robbery, you
                            should find him guilty only of robbery.
Definitions                   A "firearm" is legally defined as (adapt from
                            F.S. 790.001 as required by allegations).
                              A weapon is a "deadly weapon" if it is used or
                            threatened to be used in a way likely to produce
                            death or great bodily harm.
                              A "weapon" is legally defined to mean any
                            object that could be used to cause death or
                            inflict serious bodily harm.
                              Also define "attempt" (see page 55).
                               EXHIBIT 7
                               BOOKMAKING
                             F.S. 849.25(1)
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        Bookmaking, the State must prove the following two
                        three elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) was engaged in the business or
                             profession of gambling.
                          2. While so engaged, (defendant) took or
                             received a bet or wager.
                          3. The bet or wager was upon the result of [a
                             trial or contest of skill, speed, power, or
                             endurance of [man] or [beast.]]
*1217                             [between men, beasts [fowl,] [motor vehicles]
                             or [mechanical apparatuses].]
                             [a chance, casualty, or unknown or contingent
                             event.]
F.S. 849.25(1)(b)         To determine whether (defendant) was engaged in
                        the offense of bookmaking the following factors
                        shall be considered:
                          1. Taking advantage of betting odds created to
                             produce a profit for the bookmaker or charging
                             a percentage on accepted wagers.
                          2. Placing all or part of accepted wagers with
                             other bookmakers to reduce the chance of
                             financial loss.
                          3. Taking or receiving more than five wagers in
                             any single day.
                          4. Taking or receiving wagers totaling more than
                             $500 in any single day, or more than $1,500 in
                             any single week.
                          5. Engaging in a common scheme with two or more
                             persons to take or receive wagers.
                          6. Taking or receiving wagers on both sides of a
                             contest at the identical point spread.
                          7. Any other factor relevant to establishing that
                             the operating procedures of such person are
                             commercial in nature.
Note to Judge           It is the committee's opinion that F.S. 849.25(1)(c)
                        is for the judge and not the jury. Therefore (1)(c)
                        should not be read to the jury.
                               EXHIBIT 8
                        DRUG ABUSE  SALE, PURCHASE, MANUFACTURE, DELIVERY,
                        OR POSSESSION WITH INTENT
                        F.S. 893.13(1)(a)
                          Certain drugs and chemical substances are by law
                        known as "controlled substances." (Specific
                        substance alleged) is a controlled substance.
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged), the State must prove the following
                        (applicable number) elements beyond a reasonable
                        doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant)
                               [sold]
                               [purchased]
                               [manufactured]
                               [delivered]
                               [possessed with intent to sell]
                               [possessed with intent to purchase]
                               [possessed with intent to manufacture]
                               [possessed with intent to deliver]
                             a certain substance.
                          2. The substance was (specific substance alleged).
Give if possession        3.  (Defendant) had knowledge of the presence of
is charged                   the substance.
Definitions; give
as applicable
Sell                        "Sell" means to transfer or deliver something to
                          another person in exchange for money or something
                          of value or a promise of money or something of
                          value.
Manufacture F.S.            "Manufacture" means the production, preparation,
893.02(11)(12)(a)         packaging, labeling or relabeling, propagation,
                          compounding, cultivating, growing, conversion or
                          processing of a controlled substance, either
                          directly or indirectly. Manufacturing can be by
                          extraction from substances of natural origin, or
                          independently by means of chemical synthesis.
*1218                          It can also be by a combination of extraction and
                          chemical synthesis.
Deliver F.S.              "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual,
893.02(4)(5)            constructive, or attempted transfer from one person
                        to another of a controlled substance, whether or not
                        there is an agency relationship.
Possession                To "possess" means to have personal charge of or
                        exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
                          Possession may be actual or constructive. If a
                        thing is in the hand of or on the person, or in a
                        bag or container in the hand of or on the person, or
                        is so close as to be within ready reach and is under
                        the control of the person, it is in the actual
                        possession of that person.
                           If a thing is in a place over which the person
                        has control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession of
                        that article.
                         If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession of
                        a thing, knowledge of its presence may not be
                        inferred or assumed.
Notes to Judge          1. Note F.S. 893.13(1)(f)(g) if the charge involves
                        possession or delivery without consideration of not
                        more than 20 grams of cannabis.
                        2. If the defense seeks to show a lack of knowledge
                        as to the nature of a particular drug, an additional
                        instruction may be required. See State v. Medlin,
                        273 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 1973).
                        DRUG ABUSE  SALE, PURCHASE, DELIVERY OR POSSESSION
                        IN EXCESS OF TEN GRAMS
                        F.S. 893.13(1)(b)
Note to Judge             This instruction will have to be altered if a
                        combination of substances is alleged.
                          Certain drugs and chemical substances are by law
                        known as "controlled substances." (Specific
                        substance alleged) is a controlled substance.
                        Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged), the State must prove the following
                        (applicable number) elements beyond a reasonable
                        doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant)
                             [sold]
                             [purchased]
                             [delivered]
                             [possessed]
                             more than ten grams of a certain substance.
                          2. The substance was (specific substance alleged).
Give if possession        3. (Defendant) had knowledge of the presence of
is charged                   the substance.
charged
Definitions; give as
applicable
Sell                      "Sell" means to transfer or deliver something to
                        another person in exchange for money or something of
                        value or a promise of money or something of value.
Deliver F.S.              "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual,
893.02(4)(5)            constructive, or attempted transfer from one person
                        to another of a controlled substance, whether or not
                        there is an agency relationship.
*1219Possession                To "possess" means to have personal charge of or
                        exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
                          Possession may be actual or constructive. If a
                        thing is in the hand of or on the person, or in a
                        bag or container in the hand of or on the person, or
                        is so close as to be within ready reach and is under
                        the control of the person, it is in the actual
                        possession of that person.
                          If a thing is in a place over which the person has
                        control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession of
                        that article.
                          If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession of
                        a thing, knowledge of its presence may not be
                        inferred or assumed.
Note to Judge             If the defense seeks to show a lack of knowledge
                        as to the nature of a particular drug, an additional
                        instruction may be required. See State v. Medlin,
                        273 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 1973).
                        DRUG ABUSE  DELIVERY TO A MINOR
                        F.S. 893.13(1)(C)
                          Certain drugs and chemical substances are by law
                        known as "controlled substances." (Specific
                        substance alleged) is a controlled substance.
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged), the State must prove the following three
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. a. [(Defendant) delivered a certain substance
                                to (person alleged)a person under the age
                                of eighteen years.]
Give la, lb                  b. [(Defendant) used or hired a person under
or lc as                        the age of eighteen years as an agent or
applicable                      employee in the sale or delivery of a
                                certain substance.]
                             c. [(Defendant) used a person under the age of
                                eighteen years to assist in avoiding
                                detection or apprehension for (violation of
                                F.S. Chapter 893 alleged).]
                          2. The substance was (specific substance alleged).
                          3. When the delivery was made (Defendant) was over
                             eighteen years old of age or older at the time.
                             and (person alleged) was under eighteen years
                             old.
Definitions F.S.        "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual,
893.02(4)(5)            constructive, or attempted transfer from one person
                        to another of a controlled substance, whether or
                        not there is an agency relationship.
                            NEW INSTRUCTION
                        DRUG ABUSE  POSSESSION ON OR NEAR SCHOOL
                        F.S. 893.13(1)(e)
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged) the State must prove the following three
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant)
                               [sold
                               [purchased]
                               [manufactured]
                               [delivered]
                               [possessed with intent to sell]
*1220                               [possessed with intent to purchase]
                               [possessed with intent to manufacture]
                               [possessed with intent to deliver]
                          2. a controlled substance (specific substance
                             alleged)
                          3. in, on, or within 1000 feet of the real
                             property comprising a public or private
                             elementary, middle, or secondary school.
Definitions: give
as applicable
Sell                      "Sell" means to transfer or deliver something to
                        another person in exchange for money or something
                        of value or a promise of money or something of
                        value.
Deliver F.S.              "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual,
893.02(4)(5)            constructive, or attempted transfer from one person
                        to another of a controlled substance, whether or
                        not there is an agency relationship.
Possession                To "possess" means to have personal charge of or
                        exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
                          Possession may be actual or constructive.
                        If a thing is in the hand of or on the person, or
                        in a bag or container in the hand of or on the
                        person, or is so close as to be within ready reach
                        and is under the control of the person, it is in
                        the actual possession of that person.
                          If a thing is in a place over which the person has
                        control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession of
                        that article.
                          If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession of
                        a thing, knowledge of its presence may not be
                        inferred or assumed.
Note to Judge             If the defense seeks to show a lack of knowledge
                        as to the nature of a particular drug, an
                        additional instruction may be required. See State v.
                        Medlin, 273 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 1973).
                        DRUG ABUSE  POSSESSION
                        F.S. 893.13(1)(e)(f)
                          Certain drugs and chemical substances are by law
                        known as "controlled substances." (Specific
                        substance alleged) is a controlled substance.
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged), the State must prove the following three
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) possessed a certain substance.
                          2. The substance was (specific substance alleged).
                          3. (Defendant) had knowledge of the presence of
                             the substance.
Definition                To "possess" means to have personal charge of or
                        exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
                          Possession may be actual or constructive. If a
                        thing is in the hand of or on the person, or in a
                        bag or container in the hand of or on the person, or
                        is so close as to be within ready reach and is under
                        the control of the person, it is in the actual
                        possession of that person.
*1221                          If a thing is in a place over which the person has
                        control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession of
                        that article.
                          If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession of
                        a thing, knowledge of its presence may be inferred
                        or assumed.
Note to Judge             1. If the defense seeks to show a lack of
                        knowledge as to the nature of a particular drug, an
                        additional instruction may be required. See State v.
                        Medlin, 273 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 1973).
                          2. Note F.S. 893.13(1)(f)(g) if the charge
                        involves possession or delivery without
                        consideration of not more than 20 grams of cannabis.
                        TRAFFICKING IN CANNABIS
                        F.S. 893.135(1)(a)
                          Certain drugs and chemical substances are by law
                        known as "controlled substances." Cannabis is a
                        controlled substance.
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        Trafficking in Cannabis, the State must prove the
                        following three four elements beyond a reasonable
                        doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) knowingly
                               [sold]
                               [purchased]
                               [manufactured]
                               [delivered]
                               [brought into Florida]
                               [possessed]
                             a certain substance
                          2. The substance was cannabis.
                          3. The quantity of the cannabis involved was in
                             excess of 100 pounds.
Note to Judge           If applicable, the judge should instruct the jury on
                        F.S. 893.135(2).
                          4. (Defendant) knew the substance was intended to
                        [sell] [purchase] [manufacture] [deliver] [bring
                        into Florida] [possess] (specific substance
                        alleged).
Definitions; give as
applicable
Sell                      "Sell" means to transfer or deliver something to
                        another person in exchange for money or something
                        of value or a promise of money or something of
                        value.
Manufacture F.S.          "Manufacture" means the production, preparation,
893.02(11)(12)(a)       packaging, labeling or relabeling, propagation,
                        compounding, cultivating, growing, conversion or
                        processing of a controlled substance, either
                        directly or indirectly. Manufacturing can be by
                        extraction from substances of natural origin, or
                        independently by means of chemical synthesis. It
                        can also be by a combination of extraction and
                        chemical synthesis.
Deliver F.S.              "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual,
893.02(4)(5)            constructive, or attempted transfer from one person
                        to another of a controlled substance, whether or
                        not there is an agency relationship.
Possession                To "possess" means to have personal charge of or
                        exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
*1222                          Possession may be actual or constructive. If a
                        thing is in the hand of or on the person, or in a
                        bag or container in the hand of or on the person, or
                        is so close as to be within ready reach and is under
                        the control of the person, it is in the actual
                        possession of that person.
                          If a thing is in a place over which the person has
                        control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession of
                        that article.
                          If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession of
                        a thing, knowledge of its presence may not be
                        inferred or assumed.
Note to Judge             If the defense seeks to show a lack of knowledge
                        as to the nature of a particular drug, an
                        additional instruction may be required. See State v.
                        Medlin, 273 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 1973).
Enhanced penalty;         The punishment provided by law for the crime of
give if applicable      Trafficking in Cannabis is greater depending upon
up to extent of         the amount of the substance involved. Therefore,
charge                  If you find the defendant guilty of trafficking in
                        cannabis you must determine by your verdict whether:
                          a. [The quantity of the substance involved was in
                             excess of 100 pounds but less than 2,000
                             pounds.]
                          b. [The quantity of the substance involved was
                             2,000 pounds or more but less than 10,000
                             pounds.]
                          c. [The quantity of the substance involved was
                             10,000 pounds or more.]
                        TRAFFICKING IN COCAINE
                        F.S. 893.135(1)(b)
                          Certain drugs and chemical substances are by law
                        known as "controlled substances." Cocaine or any
                        mixture containing cocaine is a controlled
                        substance.
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        Trafficking in Cocaine, the State must prove the
                        following three four elements beyond a reasonable
                        doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) knowingly
                               [sold]
                               [purchased]
                               [manufactured]
                               [delivered]
                               [brought into Florida]
                               [possessed]
                             a certain substance
                          2. The substance was [cocaine] [a mixture
                             containing cocaine].
                          3. The quantity of the substance involved was 28
                             grams or more.
Note to Judge           If applicable, the judge should instruct the jury on
                        F.S. 893.135(2).
                          4. (Defendant) knew the substance was intended to
                             [sell] [purchase] [manufacture] [deliver]
                             [bring into Florida] [possess] (specific
                             substance alleged).
Definitions;
give as applicable
Sell                      "Sell" means to transfer or deliver something to
                        another person in exchange for money or something
                        of value or a promise of money or something of
                        value.
*1223Manufacture F.S.          "Manufacture" means the production, preparation,
893.02(11)(12)(a)       packaging, labeling or relabeling, propagation,
                        compounding, cultivating, growing, conversion or
                        processing of a controlled substance, either
                        directly or indirectly. Manufacturing can be by
                        extraction from substances of natural origin, or
                        independently by means of chemical synthesis. It can
                        also be by a combination of extraction and chemical
                        synthesis.
Deliver F.S.              "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual,
893.02(4)(5)            constructive, or attempted transfer from one person
                        to another of a controlled substance, whether or
                        not there is an agency relationship.
Possession                To "possess" means to have personal charge of or
                        exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
                          Possession may be actual or constructive. If a
                        thing is in the hand of or on the person, or in a
                        bag or container in the hand of or on the person, or
                        is so close as to be within ready reach and is under
                        the control of the person, it is in the actual
                        possession of that person.
                          If a thing is in a place over which the person has
                        control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession of
                        that article.
                          If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession of
                        a thing, knowledge of its presence may not be
                        inferred or assumed.
Note to judge             If the defense seeks to show a lack of knowledge
                        as to the nature of a particular drug, an additional
                        instruction may be required. See State v. Medlin,
                        273 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 1973).
Enhanced penalty;         The punishment provided by law for the crime of
give if applicable      Trafficking in Cocaine is greater depending upon the
up to extent of         amount of the substance involved. Therefore, If you
charge                  find the defendant guilty of trafficking in
                        cocaine, you must determine by your verdict whether:
                          a. [The quantity of the substance involved was in
                             excess of 28 grams but less than 200 grams.]
                          b. [The quantity of the substance involved was 200
                             grams or more but less than 400 grams.]
                         c. [The quantity of the substance involved was 400
                            grams or more.]
                        TRAFFICKING IN ILLEGAL DRUGS
                        F.S. 893.135(1)(c)
                          Certain drugs and chemical substances are by law
                        known as "controlled substances." (specific
                        substance alleged) is a controlled substance.
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        Trafficking in Illegal Drugs, the State must prove
                        the following three four elements beyond a
                        reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) knowingly
                               [sold]
                               [purchased]
                               [manufactured]
                               [delivered]
                               [brought into Florida]
                               [possessed]
                             a certain substance
*1224                          2. The substance was [specific substance
                             alleged).] [a mixture containing (specific
                             substance alleged)].
                          3. The quantity of the substance involved was four
                             grams or more.
Note to Judge             If applicable, the judge should instruct the jury
                        on F.S. 893.135(2).
                          4. (Defendant) know the substance was intended to
                             [sell] [purchase] [manufacture] [deliver]
                             [bring into Florida] [possess] (specific
                             substance alleged).
Definitions; give
as applicable
Sell                      "Sell" means to transfer or deliver something to
                        another person in exchange for money or something
                        of value or a promise of money or something of
                        value.
Manufacture F.S.          "Manufacture" means the production, preparation,
893.02(11)(12)(a)       packaging, labeling or relabeling, propagation,
                        compounding, cultivating, growing, conversion or
                        processing of a controlled substance, either
                        directly or indirectly. Manufacturing can be by
                        extraction from substances of natural origin, or
                        independently by means of chemical synthesis. It can
                        also be by a combination of extraction and chemical
                        synthesis.
Deliver F.S.              "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual,
893.02(4)(5)            constructive, or attempted transfer from one person
                        to another of a controlled substance, whether or
                        not there is an agency relationship.
Possession                To "possess" means to have personal charge of or
                        exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
                          Possession may be actual or constructive. If a
                        thing is in the hand of or on the person, or
                        in a bag or container in the hand of or on the
                        person, or is so close as to be within ready reach
                        and is under the control of the person, it is in the
                        actual possession of that person.
                          If a thing is in a place over which the person has
                        control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession of
                        that article.
                          If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession of
                        a thing, knowledge of its presence may not be
                        inferred or assumed.
Note to Judge             If the defense seeks to show a lack of knowledge
                        as to the nature of a particular drug, an
                        additional instruction may be required. See State v.
                        Medlin, 273 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 1973).
Enhanced penalty;         The punishment provided by law for the crime of
give if applicable      Trafficking in Illegal Drugs is greater depending
up to extent of         upon the amount of the substance involved.
charge                  Therefore, If you find the defendant guilty of
                        trafficking in illegal drugs, you must determine by
                        your verdict whether:
                            a.[The quantity of the substance involved was in
                                          excess of 4 grams but less than 14
                                                                     grams.]
                            b.[The quantity of the substance involved was 14
                                              grams or more but less than 28
                                                                     grams.]
                            c.[The quantity of the substance involved was 28
                                                             grams or more.]
*1225                        TRAFFICKING IN PHENCYCLIDINE
                        F.S. 893.135(1)(d)
                          Certain drugs and chemical substances are by law
                        known as "controlled substances." Phencyclidine or
                        any mixture containing phencyclidine is a
                        controlled substance.
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        Trafficking in Phencyclidine, the State must prove
                        the following three four elements beyond a
                        reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) knowingly
                               [sold]
                               [purchased]
                               [manufactured]
                               [delivered]
                               [brought into Florida]
                               [possessed]
                             a certain substance
                          2. The substance was [phencyclidine] [a mixture
                             containing phencyclidine].
                          3. The quantity of the phencyclidine involved was
                             28 grams or more.
Note to Judge             If applicable, the judge should instruct the jury
                        on F.S. 893.135(2).
                          4. (Defendant) knew the substance was intended to
                             [sell] [purchase] [manufacture] [deliver]
                             [bring into Florida] [possess] (specific
                             substance alleged).
Definitions; give
as applicable
Sell                      "Sell" means to transfer or deliver something to
                        another person in exchange for money or something
                        of value or a promise of money or something of
                        value.
Manufacture F.S.          "Manufacture" means the production, preparation,
893.02(11)(12)(a)       packaging, labeling or relabeling, propagation,
                        compounding, cultivating, growing, conversion or
                        processing of a controlled substance, either
                        directly or indirectly. Manufacturing can be by
                        extraction from substances of natural origin, or
                        independently by means of chemical synthesis. It
                        can also be by a combination of extraction and
                        chemical synthesis.
Deliver F.S.              "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual,
893.02(4)(5)            constructive, or attempted transfer from one person
                        to another of a controlled substance, whether or
                        not there is an agency relationship.
Possession                To "possess" means to have personal charge of or
                        exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
                          Possession may be actual or constructive. If a
                        thing is in the hand of or on the person, or in a
                        bag or container in the hand of or on the person,
                        or is so close as to be within ready reach and is
                        under the control of the person, it is in the
                        actual possession of that person.
                          If a thing is in a place over which the person
                        has control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession
                        of that article.
                          If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession of
                        a thing, knowledge of its presence may not be
                        inferred or assumed.
Note to Judge             If the defense seeks to show a lack of knowledge
                        as to the nature of a particular drug, an additional
                        instruction may be required. See State v. Medlin,
                        273 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 1973).
*1226Enhanced penalty;         The punishment provided by law for the crime of
give if applicable      Trafficking in Phencyclidine is greater depending
up to extent of         upon the amount of the substance involved.
charge                  Therefore, If you find the defendant guilty of
                        trafficking in phencyclidine, you must determine by
                        your verdict whether:
                          a. [The quantity of the substance involved was in
                             excess of 28 grams but less than 200 grams.]
                          b. [The quantity of the substance involved was 200
                             grams or more but less than 400 grams.]
                          c. [The quantity of the substance involved was 400
                             grams or more.]
                        TRAFFICKING IN METHAQUALONE
                        F.S. 893.135(1)(e)
                          Certain drugs and chemical substances are by law
                        known as "controlled substances." Methaqualone or
                        any mixture containing methaqualone is a controlled
                        substance.
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        Trafficking in Methaqualone the State must prove the
                        following three four elements beyond a reasonable
                        doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) knowingly
                               [sold]
                               [purchased]
                               [manufactured]
                               [delivered]
                               [brought into Florida]
                               [possessed]
                             a certain substance
                          2. The substance was [methaqualone] [a mixture
                             containing methaqualone].
                          3. The quantity of the methaqualone involved was
                             200 grams or more.
Note to Judge           If applicable, the judge should instruct the jury
                        on F.S. 893.135(2).
                          4. (Defendant) knew the substance was intended
                             to [sell] [purchase] [manufacture] [deliver]
                             [bring into Florida] [possess] (specific
                             substance alleged).
Definitions; give
as applicable
Sell                      "Sell" means to transfer or deliver something to
                        another person in exchange for money or something
                        of value or a promise of money or something of
                        value.
Manufacture F.S.          "Manufacture" means the production, preparation,
893.02(11)(12)(a)       packaging, labeling or relabeling, propagation,
                        compounding, cultivating, growing, conversion or
                        processing of a controlled substance, either
                        directly or indirectly. Manufacturing can be
                        by extraction from substances of natural origin, or
                        independently by means of chemical synthesis. It
                        can also be by a combination of extraction and
                        chemical synthesis.
Deliver                   "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual,
F.S. 893.02(5)          constructive, or attempted transfer from one
                        person to another of a controlled substance,
                        whether or not there is an agency relationship.
Possession                To "possess" means to have personal charge of
                        or exercise the right of ownership, management or
                        control over the thing possessed.
                          Possession may be actual or constructive. If a
                        thing is in the hand of or on the person, or in a
                        bag or container in the hand of or on the person,
                        or is so close as to be within ready reach and is
                        under the control of the person, it is in the
                        actual possession of that person.
*1227                          If a thing is in a place over which the person has
                        control or in which the person has hidden or
                        concealed it, it is in the constructive possession
                        of that person.
                          Possession may be joint, that is, two or more
                        persons may jointly have possession of an article,
                        exercising control over it. In that case, each of
                        those persons is considered to be in possession of
                        that article.
                          If a person has exclusive possession of a thing,
                        knowledge of its presence may be inferred or
                        assumed.
                          If a person does not have exclusive possession of
                        a thing, knowledge of its presence may not be
                        inferred or assumed.
Note to Judge             If the defense seeks to show a lack of knowledge
                        as to the nature of a particular drug, an additional
                        instruction may be required. See State v. Medlin,
                        273 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 1973).
Enhanced penalty;         The punishment provided by law for the crime
give if applicable      of Trafficking in Methaqualone is greater depending
up to extent of         upon the amount of the substance involved.
charge                  Therefore, If you find the defendant guilty of
                        trafficking in methaqualone you must determine
                        by your verdict whether:
                          a. [The quantity of the substance involved was
                             in excess of 200 grams but less than 5
                             kilograms.]
                          b. [The quantity of the substance involved was
                             5 kilograms or more but less than 25
                             kilograms.]
                          c. [The quantity of the substance involved was
                             25 kilograms or more.]
                               EXHIBIT 9
                        RICO  USE OR INVESTMENT OF PROCEEDS FROM PATTERN OF
                        RACKETEERING ACTIVITY
                        F.S. 895.03(1)
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        Unlawful Use or Investment of Proceeds from a
                        Pattern of Racketeering Activity, the State must
                        prove the following four elements beyond a
                        reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. At least two of the following incidents
                             occurred (read incident alleged in
                             information).
Modify 1 and 2 if         2. Of those incidents which did occur, at least
only two incidents           two of them had the same or similar [intents]
alleged                      [results] [accomplices] [victims] [methods of
                             commission] or were interrelated by
                             distinguishing characteristics and were not
                             isolated incidents.
                          3. (Defendant) with criminal intent received
                             proceeds which were derived directly or
                             indirectly from such incidents.
                          4. (Defendant) [used] [invested] some of these
                             proceeds [or proceeds derived from the
                             investment or use thereof] either directly
                             or indirectly [in acquiring some right,
                             title, equity or interest in real property]
                             [in establishing or operating an enterprise].
Note to Judge             Instruct as to five-year limitation period
                        (F.S. 895.02(4)) if appropriate.
Note to Judge             Define the crimes alleged as incidents.
Definitions
Give in every             "Receiving proceeds with criminal intent" means
case                    that the defendant, at the time he received the
                        proceeds, either knew the source of the proceeds or
                        had his suspicions aroused but deliberately failed
                        to make further inquiry as to the source of the
                        proceeds.
Give as                   "Real property" means land and whatever is erected
applicable              on it. It includes but is not limited to any lease
F.S. 895.02(9)          or mortgage or other interest in that property.
*1228Give as
applicable
F.S. 895.02(3)            "Enterprise" means any individual, sole
                        proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business
                        trust, union chartered under the laws of Florida, or
                        other legal entity, or any unchartered union,
                        association, or group of individuals associated
                        in fact although not a legal entity, and includes
                        lawful as well as unlawful enterprises and
                        governmental as well as other entities.
Note to Judge             Whether an individual can be an enterprise see
                        State v. Nishi, 521 So. 2d 252 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988) and
                        State v. Bowen, 413 So. 2d 798 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983),
                        rev. den. 424 So. 2d 760.
                        RICO  USE OR INVESTMENT OF PROCEEDS FROM FROM
                        COLLECTION OF UNLAWFUL DEBT
                        F.S. 895.03(1)
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        Unlawful Use or Investment of Proceeds from
                        Collection of Unlawful Debt, the State must prove
                        the following two elements beyond a reasonable
                        doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) with criminal intent received
                             proceeds which were derived directly or
                             indirectly through the collection of an
                             unlawful debt.
                          2. (Defendant) [used] [invested] some of these
                             proceeds [or proceeds derived from the
                             investment or use thereof] either directly or
                             indirectly [in acquiring some right, title,
                             equity or interest in real property] [in
                             establishing or operating an enterprise].
Definitions
Give in every             "Receiving proceeds with criminal intent" means
case                    that the defendant, at the time he received the
                        proceeds, either knew the source of the proceeds or
                        had his suspicions aroused but deliberately failed
                        to make further inquiry as to the source of the
                        proceeds.
F.S. 895.02(2)            "Unlawful debt" means any money or other thing of
                        value constituting principal or interest of a debt
                        that is legally unenforceable in Florida in whole or
                        in part because the debt was incurred or contracted
                        in violation of the following law: (recite
                        applicable section and define crime).
Give as applicable
F.S. 895.02(9)            "Real property" means land and whatever is erected
                        on it. It includes but is not limited to any lease
                        or mortgage or other interest in that property.
Give as applicable
F.S. 895.02(3)            "Enterprise" means any individual, sole
                        proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business
                        trust, union chartered under the laws of Florida,
                        or other legal entity, or any unchartered union,
                        association, or group of individuals associated
                        in fact although not a legal entity, and includes
                        lawful as well as unlawful enterprises and
                        governmental as well as other entities.
Note to Judge             Whether an individual can be an enterprise see
                        State v. Nishi, 521 So. 2d 252 (Fla. 3d DCA
                        1988) and State v. Bowen, 413 So. 2d 798
                        (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), rev. den. 424 So. 2d 760.
                        RICO  ACQUISITION OR MAINTENANCE THROUGH PATTERN OF
                        RACKETEERING ACTIVITY
                        F.S. 895.03(2)
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        unlawfully [acquiring] [maintaining] and interest in
                        or control of [an enterprise] [real property], the
                        State must prove the following three elements beyond
                        a reasonable doubt:
*1229Elements                  1. (Defendant) engaged in at least two of the
                             following incidents (read incident alleged in
                             information).
Modify 1 and 2            2. Of those incidents in which (defendant) was
if only two                  engaged, at least two of them had the same or
incidents                    similar [intents] [results] [accomplices]
alleged                      [victims] [methods of commission] or were
                             interrelated by distinguishing characteristics
                             and were not isolated incidents.
                          3. As a result of such incidents (defendant)
                             [acquired] [maintained], directly or
                             indirectly, interest in or control of [an
                             enterprise] [real property].
Note to Judge             Instruct as to five-year limitation period
                        (F.S. 895.02(4)) if appropriate.
Note to Judge             Define the crimes alleged as incidents.
Definitions
Give as applicable
F.S. 895.02(3)            "Enterprise" means any individual, sole
                        proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business
                        trust, union chartered under the laws of Florida, or
                        other legal entity, or any unchartered union,
                        association, or group of individuals associated
                        in fact although not a legal entity, and includes
                        lawful as well as unlawful enterprises and
                        governmental as well as other entities.
Note to Judge             Whether an individual can be an enterprise see
                        State v. Nishi, 521 So. 2d 252 (Fla. 3d DCA
                        1988) and State v. Bowen, 413 So. 2d 798
                        (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), rev. den. 424 So. 2d 760.
*1230Give as applicable
F.S. 895.02(9)            "Real property" means land and whatever is erected
                        on it. It includes but is not limited to any lease
                        or mortgage or other interest in that property.
                        RICO  ACQUISITION OR MAINTENANCE THROUGH COLLECTION
                        OF UNLAWFUL DEBT
                        F.S. 895.03(2)
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        unlawfully [acquiring] [maintaining] and interest in
                        or control of [an enterprise] [real property], the
                        State must prove the following two elements beyond a
                        reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) [acquired] [maintained], directly
                             or indirectly, interest in or control of [an
                             enterprise] [real property].
                          2. He did so through the knowing collection of an
                             unlawful debt.
Definitions
Give in every case        "Unlawful debt" means any money or other thing of
                        value constituting principal or interest of a debt
                        that is legally unenforceable in Florida in whole or
                        in part because the debt was incurred or contracted
                        in violation of the following law: (recite
                        applicable section and define crime).
Give as applicable
F.S. 895.02(3)            "Enterprise" means any individual, sole
                        proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business
                        trust, union chartered under the laws of Florida,
                        or other legal entity, or any unchartered union,
                        association, or group of individuals associated
                        in fact although not a legal entity, and includes
                        lawful as well as unlawful enterprises and
                        governmental as well as other entities.
Note to Judge             Whether an individual can be an enterprise see
                        State v. Nishi, 521 So. 2d 252 (Fla. 3d DCA
                        1988) and State v. Bowen, 413 So. 2d 798
                        (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), rev. den. 424 So. 2d 760.
Give as applicable
F.S. 895.02(9)            "Real property" means land and whatever is erected
                        on it.
                        It includes but is not limited to any lease or
                        mortgage or other interest in that property.
                        RICO  CONDUCT OR PARTICIPATION IN AN ENTERPRISE
                        THROUGH COLLECTION OF UNLAWFUL DEBT
                        F.S. 895.03(3)
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        unlawfully [conducting] [participating] in an
                        enterprise, the State must prove the following
                        two elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) was [employed by] [associated with]
                             an enterprise.
Defendant may or          2. (Defendant) [conducted] [participated],
may not be                   directly or indirectly, in such enterprise
"enterprise."                through the knowing collection of an unlawful
See note below.              debt.
Definitions
F.S. 895.02(2)            "Unlawful debt" means any money or other thing of
                        value constituting principal or interest of a debt
                        that is legally unenforceable in Florida in whole or
                        in part because the debt was incurred or contracted
                        in violation of the following law: (recite
                        applicable section and define crime).
F.S. 895.01(3)            "Enterprise" means any individual, sole
                        proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business
                        trust, union chartered under the laws of Florida, or
                        other legal entity, or any unchartered union,
                        association, or group of individuals associated
                        in fact although not a legal entity, and includes
                        lawful as well as unlawful enterprises and
                        governmental as well as other entities.
Note to Judge             Whether an individual can be an enterprise see
                        State v. Nishi, 521 So. 2d 252 (Fla. 3d DCA
                        1988) and State v. Bowen, 413 So. 2d 798
                        (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), rev. den. 424 So. 2d 760.
                        RICO  CONDUCT OR PARTICIPATION IN AN ENTERPRISE
                        THROUGH A PATTERN OF RACKETEERING ACTIVITY
                        F.S. 895.03(3)
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of
                        unlawfully [conducting] [participating] in an
                        enterprise, the State must prove the following two
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant) was [employed by] [associated with]
                             an enterprise.
Defendant may or          2. (Defendant) [conducted] [participated],
may not be                   directly or indirectly, in such enterprise by
"enterprise."                engaging in at least two of the following
See note below.              incidents (read incidents alleged in
                             information)
                          3. Of those incidents in which (defendant) was
                             engaged, at least two of them had the same or
                             similar [intents] [results] [accomplices]
                             [victims] [methods of commission] or were
                             interrelated by distinguishing characteristics
                             and were not isolated incidents.
Note to Judge             Instruct as to five-year limitation period
                        (F.S. 895.02(4)) if appropriate.
Note to Judge             Define the crimes alleged as incidents.
Definitions
Give as applicable
F.S. 895.02(3)            "Enterprise" means any individual, sole
                        proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business
                        trust, union chartered under the laws of Florida, or
                        other legal entity, or any unchartered union,
                        association, or group of individuals associated in
                        fact although not a legal entity, and includes
                        lawful as
*1231                        well as unlawful enterprises and governmental as
                        well as other entities.
Note to Judge             Whether an individual can be an enterprise see
                        State v. Nishi, 521 So. 2d 252 (Fla. 3d DCA
                        1988) and State v. Bowen, 413 So. 2d 798
                        (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), rev. den. 424 So. 2d 760.
                        CONSPIRACY TO ENGAGE IN PATTERN OF RACKETEERING
                        ACTIVITY
                        F.S. 895.03(4)
                          A "conspiracy" is a combination or agreement of
                        two or more persons to join together to attempt to
                        accomplish an offense which would be in violation of
                        the law. It is a kind of "partnership in criminal
                        purposes" in which each member becomes the agent of
                        every other member.
                          The evidence in the case need not show that the
                        alleged members of the conspiracy entered into any
                        express or formal agreement or that they directly
                        discussed between themselves the details of the
                        scheme and its purpose or the precise ways in which
                        the purpose was to be accomplished. Neither must it
                        be proved that all of the persons charged to have
                        been members of the conspiracy were such nor that
                        the alleged conspirators actually succeeded in
                        accomplishing their unlawful objectives nor that any
                        alleged member of the conspiracy did any act in
                        furtherance of the conspiracy.
                          What the evidence in the case must show beyond a
                        reasonable doubt before you may find the defendant
                        guilty of conspiring to violate the RICO Act is:
                          1. Two or more persons, in some way or manner,
                             came to a mutual understanding to try to
                             accomplish a common and unlawful plan, namely
                             to engage in a "pattern of racketeering
                             activity" as charged in the Information; and
                          2. The defendant knowingly and willfully became a
                             member of such conspiracy; and
                          3. At the time the defendant joined such
                             conspiracy, he did so with the specific intent
                             either to personally engage in at least two
                             incidents of racketeering, as alleged in the
                             Information, or he specifically intended to
                             otherwise participate in the affairs of the
                             "enterprise" with the knowledge and intent that
                             other members of the conspiracy would engage in
                             at least two incidents of racketeering, as
                             alleged in the Information, as part of a
                             "pattern of racketeering activity."
                          A person may become a member of a conspiracy
                        without full knowledge of all of the details of the
                        unlawful scheme or the names and identities of all
                        of the other alleged conspirators. So, if a
                        defendant has an understanding of the unlawful
                        nature of a plan and knowingly and willfully joins
                        in that plan on one occasion, that is sufficient to
                        convict him for conspiracy, even though he did not
                        participate before and even though he played only a
                        minor part.
                          Of course, mere presence at the scene of a
                        transaction or event or the mere fact that certain
                        persons may have associated with each other and may
                        have assembled together and discussed common aims
                        and interests does not necessarily establish proof
                        of the existence of a conspiracy. Also, a person who
                        has no knowledge of a conspiracy but who happens to
                        act in a way which advances some purpose of a
                        conspiracy does not thereby become a conspirator.
Give if applicable        It is a defense to the charge of conspiracy to
Defense                 engage in a pattern of racketeering activity that
F.S. 777.04(5)(c)       (defendant), after knowingly
*1232                        entering into such a conspiracy with one or more
                        persons, thereafter persuaded such persons not to
                        engage in such activity or otherwise prevented
                        commission of the offense. In this regard you are
                        instructed that a mere endeavor to dissuade one
                        from engaging in such activity is insufficient.
Note to Judge             An endeavor to dissuade a coconspirator is
                        insufficient to constitute the statutory defense of
                        withdrawal. State v. Bauman, 425 So. 2d 32, 34 (Fla.
                        4th DCA 1982).
Definitions:
                          "Pattern of racketeering activity" means engaging
                        in at least two incidents of racketeering conduct
                        that have the same or similar intents, results,
                        accomplices, victims, or methods of commission or
                        that otherwise are interrelated by distinguishing
                        characteristics and are not isolated incidents.
F.S. 895.02(3)            "Enterprise" means any individual, sole
                        proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business
                        trust, union chartered under the laws of Florida, or
                        other legal entity, or any unchartered union,
                        association, or group of individuals associated in
                        fact although not a legal entity, and includes
                        lawful as well as unlawful enterprises and
                        governmental as well as other entities.
Note to Judge             Whether an individual can be an enterprise see
                        State v. Nishi, 521 So. 2d 252 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988)
                        and State v. Bowen, 413 So. 2d 798 (Fla. 1st DCA
                        1983), rev. den. 424 So. 2d 760.
                               EXHIBIT 10
            COMMENT ON SCHEDULE OF LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSES
  One of the difficult problems in instructing a criminal jury is to make
certain that it is properly charged with respect to the degrees or
categories of guilt that may be applicable to a given crime. The supreme
court in Brown v. State, 206 So. 2d 377 (Fla. 1968) described these
categories as follows:
  1. Crimes divisible into degrees
  2. Attempts to commit offenses
  3. Offenses necessarily included in the offense charged
  4. Offenses which may or may not be included in the offense charged,
  depending on the accusatory pleading and the evidence.
  Because it is often so difficult to determine these categories, the
committee prepared a list of the offenses applicable to each of the crimes
for which standard jury instructions had been drafted. At the same time,
the committee recommended treating lesser degrees as category 3 or 4
offenses depending upon the offense and treating attempts as a category 4
offense, thereby eliminating the first two Brown categories as separate
categories. In its opinion dated April 16, 1981, in which it approved the
new standard jury instructions, the supreme court also approved the
schedule of lesser included offenses and accepted the recommendation of the
committee to consolidate the four Brown categories into two
categories. The supreme court directed that the four categories should be
renumbered and designated as follows:
  1. Offenses necessarily included in the offense charged, which will
  include some lesser degrees of offenses
  2. Offenses which may or may not be included in the offense charged,
  depending on the accusatory pleading and the evidence, which will include
  all attempts and some lesser degrees of offenses
  The court also directed that the appropriate Florida Rules of Criminal
Procedure be amended to accommodate these changes. The categories of the
offenses which appear on the schedule of lesser included offenses have
been renumbered and designated according to the supreme court mandate.
  In determining the appropriate lesser offenses for inclusion in the
table, the committee followed certain guidelines:
  1. No offense is deemed to be a lesser offense if it carries the same
  penalty as the crime under consideration. See Ray v. State, 403 So. 2d 956
  (Fla. 1981); State v. Carpenter, 417 So. 2d 986
  (Fla. 1982).
*1233  2. If the definition of the crime includes the attempt or the endeavor to
  commit the crime, there can be no separate offense of an attempt to commit
  that crime, e.g., uttering, forgery, grand theft second degree,
  delivery of controlled substance.
  3. Certain crimes do not have attempts, e.g., culpable negligence,
  extortion, perjury, corruption by threat against public servant,
  resisting officer with violence, and conspiracy.
  4. Except as stated above, attempts to commit crimes generally are
  included unless the evidence conclusively shows that the charged crime was
  completed. In such case, attempt should not be instructed.
  5. Some statutes provide that the penalty for certain crimes is enhanced
  if certain events occur during their commission.
For example, under F.S. 810.02 burglary is a felony of the first
degree if the burglar makes an assault or is armed with explosives or
dangerous weapons. If these events do not occur but burglary is committed in
a dwelling occupied by human beings, the offense is a felony of the second
degree. All other burglaries are felonies of the third degree. Thus, if a
defendant is charged with first degree burglary by virtue of having made an
assault during the course of the burglary, the jury should be permitted to
return a verdict for simple third degree burglary without the enhancement of
the assault. In practice, this is similar to the concept of lesser included
offenses, but since statutes of this type are couched in terms of
enhancement, the schedule does not carry the lower degrees of the offenses
proscribed by those statutes as lesser included offenses.
  6. Under Knight v. State, 338 So. 2d 201 (Fla. 1976), felony
  murder is included within a single indictment count of premeditated
  murder. Therefore, first degree felony murder should be given if
  requested by the state and if supported by the evidence, although it is
  not a lesser included offense.
                               EXHIBIT 11
                  SCHEDULE OF LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSES
  CHARGED OFFENSES            CATEGORY 1              CATEGORY 2
First degree             Second degree           Second degree
  (premeditated) murder    (depraved mind)         (felony) murder 
   782.04(1)              murder  782.04(2)      782.04(3)
                         Manslaughter  782.07   Third degree (felony)
                                                   murder  782.04(4)
                                                 Attempt
                                                 Vehicular homicide 
                                                   782.071
                                                 Culpable negligence 
                                                   784.05(2)
                                                 Aggravated battery 
                                                   784.045
                                                 Aggravated assault 
                                                   784.021
                                                 Battery  784.03
                                                 Assault  784.011[**]
First degree (felony)    None                    Attempt
  murder  782.04(1)     Second degree           Second degree
                           (depraved               (depraved mind) murder
                           mind)[***] murder      782.04(2)
                            782.04(2)
                         Manslaughter  782.07   Second degree
                                                   (felony) murder 
                                                   782.04(3)
                                                 Third degree (felony)
                                                   murder  782.04(4)
*1234                                                 Manslaughter  782.07
                                                 Aggravated battery 
                                                   784.045
                                                 Aggravated assault 
                                                   784.021
                                                 Battery  784.03
                                                 Assault 
                                                   784.011[****]
Second degree (depraved  Manslaughter  782.07   Third degree (felony)
  mind) murder                                    murder  782.04(4)
  782.04(2)                                      Attempt
                                                 Vehicular homicide 
                                                   782.071
                                                 Culpable negligence 
                                                   784.05(2)
                                                 Aggravated battery 
                                                   784.045
                                                 Aggravated assault 
                                                   784.021
                                                 Battery  784.03
                                                 Assault  784.011[****]
Second degree (felony)   None                    Third degree
  murder  782.04(3)                               (felony) murder 
                                                   782.04(4)
                                                 Attempt
Third degree (felony)    None                    Attempt
  murder  784.04(4)
                                                 Aggravated assault 
                                                   784.021
                                                 Battery  784.03
                                                 Assault  784.011
Manslaughter  782.07    None                    Attempt[******]
                                                 Aggravated assault 
                                                   784.021
                                                 Battery  784.03
                                                 Assault  784.011
                                                 Vehicular homicide 
                                                   782.071
                                                 Culpable negligence 
                                                   784.05(2)[*****]
                                                 Culpable negligence 
                                                   784.05(1)[*****]
Assault  784.011        None                    Attempt
Aggravated assault      Assault  784.011       Attempt
  784.021(1)(a)
                                                 Improper exhibition
                                                   of dangerous weapon
                                                   or firearms  790.10
                                                 Discharging firearms
                                                   in public  790.15
Aggravated assault      Assault  784.011       Attempt
  784.021(1)(b)
Battery  784.03         None                    Attempt
Aggravated battery      Battery  784.03        Attempt
  784.045(1)(a)
*1235Aggravated battery       Battery  784.03        Attempt
   784.045(1)(b)
                                                 Improper exhibition of
                                                   dangerous weapons or
                                                   firearms  790.10
                                                 Discharging firearms in
                                                   public  790.15
Culpable negligence      Culpable negligence     None
   784.05(2)               784.05(1)
Assault of law           None                    Attempt
  enforcement officer
   784.07(2)
                                                 Assault 
                                                   784.011[*******]
Battery of law           None                    Attempt
  enforcement officer
   784.07(2)
                                                 Battery  784.03[*******]
Kidnapping  787.01      False                   Attempt
                           imprisonment 
                           787.02
                                                 Aggravated assault
                                                    784.021(1)(b)
                                                 Battery  784.03(1)(a)
                                                 Assault  784.011
False imprisonment       None                    Attempt
   787.02
                                                 Assault  784.011
                                                 Battery  784.03(1)(a)
Carrying concealed       None                    Attempt
  weapons  790.01(1)
Carrying concealed       None                    Attempt
  firearms  790.01(2)
Carrying pistol or       None                    Attempt
  repeating rifle
  without first
  obtaining license
   790.05
  790.06
Persons engaged in       None                    Attempt (may be applicable
  criminal offense,                                when concealed weapon
  having weapons                                   is charged)
   790.07(1)
                                                 Carrying concealed weapons
                                                    790.01(1)
                                                 Improper exhibition of
                                                   dangerous weapons 
                                                   790.10
Persons engaged in       None                    Attempt (may be applicable
  criminal offense,                                when concealed firearm
  having weapons                                   is charged)
   790.07(2)
                                                 Carrying concealed firearm
                                                    790.01(2)
                                                 Improper exhibition of
                                                   dangerous firearms 
                                                   790.10
Discharging firearms     None                    Attempt
  in public  790.15
Furnishing weapons to    None                    Attempt
  minors under 18
  years of age, etc. 
  790.17
Selling arms to minors   None                    Attempt
  by dealers  790.18
Felons; possession of    None                    Attempt (may be applicable
  firearms unlawful;                               when concealed weapon is
  exception; penalty                               charged)
   790.23
*1236                                                 Carrying concealed firearm
                                                    790.01(2)
                                                 Carrying concealed weapon
                                                    790.01(1)
Sexual battery          Battery  784.03        Attempt
   794.011(2)
                                                 Assault  784.011
                                                 Aggravated assault
                                                    784.021(1)(a)
                                                 Aggravated battery
                                                    784.045(1)(a)
Sexual battery           Battery  784.03        Attempt
   794.011(3)
                                                 Aggravated battery
                                                    784.045(1)(a)
                                                 Aggravated assault
                                                    784.021(1)(a)
                                                 Assault  784.011
                                                 Sexual battery  794.011(4)
                                                 Sexual battery  795.011(5)
Sexual battery           Battery  784.03        Attempt
   794.011(4)
                                                 Aggravated assault
                                                    784.021(1)(a)
                                                 Assault  784.011
                                                 Sexual battery  794.011(5)
Sexual battery           Battery  784.03        Attempt
   794.011(5)
                                                 Assault  784.011
Unnatural and            None                    Attempt
  lascivious act 
  800.02
Exposure of sexual       None                    Unnatural and lascivious
  organs  800.03                                  act  800.02
Lewd, lascivious, or     None                    Attempt
  indecent assault or                            Assault  784.011
  act upon or in                                 Battery  784.03
  presence of child                             Unnatural and lascivious
  800.04                                           act  800.02
Arson  806.01(1)        Arson  806.01(2)       Attempt
                         Criminal mischief       Criminal mischief 
                            806.13(1)(b)1         806.13(1)(b)2.
                                                 Criminal mischief 
                                                   806.13(1)(b)3.
                                                 Criminal mischief 
                                                   806.13(2)
Criminal mischief        None                    Attempt
   806.13(1)(b)1
Criminal mischief        Criminal mischief       Attempt
   806.13(1)(b)2           806.13(1)(b)1
Criminal mischief        Criminal mischief       Attempt
   806.13(1)(b)3           806.13(1)(b)1
                         Criminal mischief
                            806.13(1)(b)2
Burglary with assault    Burglary  810.02(3)    Attempt
  or battery or while
  armed  810.02(2)
                                                 Burglary of dwelling or
                                                   with human being inside
                                                    810.02(3)
                                                 Trespass  810.08(2)(a)
                                                 Trespass  810.08(2)(c)
*1237Burglary of dwelling or  Burglary  810.02(3)    Attempt
  with human being
  inside  810.02(3)
                                                 Trespass  810.08(2)(a)
                                                 Trespass  810.08(2)(b)
Burglary  810.02(3)     None                    Attempt
                                                 Trespass  810.08(2)(a)
Possession of burglary   None                    None
  tools  810.06
Trespass in structure    None                    Attempt (except refuse to
  or conveyance                                   depart)
  810.08
Trespass on property     None                    Attempt
  other than structure
  or conveyance 
  810.09
Grand theft             None                    Grand theft  second degree
  first degree                                     812.014(2)(b)
  812.014(2)(a)                                  Grand theft  third degree
                                                   812.014(2)(c)
                                                 Petit theft  812.014(2)(c)
                                                 Cf. Gilford v. State,
                                                   313 So. 2d 729 (Fla.
                                                   1975)
                                                 Trade secrets  812.081
Grand theft  Second     None                    If value is alleged grand
  degree 812.014(2)(b)                             theft  third degree
                                                    812.014(2)(c)
                                                   petit         theft
                                                    812.014(2)(c)(d)
                                                 Trade secrets  812.081
Grand theft  third      None                    If value is alleged Petit
  degree 812.014(2)(c)                             theft  812.014(2)(c)(d)
                                                 Trade secrets  812.081
Petit theft              None                    No attempt  endeavor is
  812.014(2)(e)(d)                                 included within
                                                   definition of theft
Possession of altered    None                    Attempt
  property  812.016
Dealing in stolen        None                    None
  property 
  trafficking 
  812.019(1)
Dealing in stolen        812.019(1)              Attempt
  property  managing
  trafficking 
  812.019(2)
Robbery with a firearm   Robbery with a weapon   Attempt
  or deadly weapon          812.13(2)(b)
   812.13(2)(a)
                         Robbery  812.13(2)(c)  Grand theft 1st degree
                                                    812.014(2)(a)
                         Petit          theft    Grand theft 2d degree
                            812.014(2)(e)(d)       812.014(2)(b)
                                                 Grand theft 3d degree
                                                    812.014(2)(c)
                                                 Battery  784.03
                                                 Aggravated battery 
                                                   784.045
                                                 Assault  784.011
                                                 Aggravated assault 
                                                   784.021
                                                 Extortion  836.05
                                                 See Davis v. State,
                                                   277 So. 2d 300 (Fla. 2d
                                                   DCA 1973)
*1238Robbery with a weapon    Robbery  812.13(2)(c)  Attempt
   812.13(2)(b)
                         Petit         theft     Grand theft 1st degree
                            812.014(2)(e)(d)      812.014(2)(a)
                                                 Grand theft 2d degree
                                                   812.014(2)(b)
                                                 Grand theft 3d degree
                                                   812.014(2)(c)
                                                 Battery  784.03
                                                 Aggravated battery 
                                                   784.045
                                                 Assault  784.011
                                                 Aggravated assault 
                                                   784.021
                                                 Extortion  836.05
                                                 See Davis v. State,
                                                   277 So. 2d 300 (Fla. 2d
                                                   DCA 1973)
Robbery  812.13(2)(c)   Petit         theft     Attempt
                            812.014(2)(c)(d)
                                                 Grand theft 1st degree
                                                    812.014(2)(a)
                                                 Grand theft 2d degree
                                                    812.014(2)(b)
                                                 Grand theft 3d degree
                                                    812.014(2)(c)
                                                 Battery  784.03
                                                 Assault  784.011
                                                 Aggravated assault 
                                                   784.021
                                                 Extortion  836.05
                                                 See Davis v. State,
                                                   277 So. 2d 300(Fla. 2d
                                                   DCA 1973)
Child abuse             Child abuse            Attempt, if willfully
  827.04(1)                827.04(2)             Negligent treatment of
                                                   child  827.05
Child abuse             None                    Attempt, if willfully
  827.04(2)                                      Negligent treatment of
                                                   child  827.05
Forgery  831.01         None                    Attempt
Uttering forged          None                    No attempt  King v.
  instrument  831.02                              State, 317 So. 2d 852
                                                   (Fla.1st DCA 1975)
Stopping payment;        None                    Attempt, except when
  purchase of farm or                              uttering is charged 
  grove products                                  832.04 under $50
  832.04
Stopping payment with    None                    Attempt, except when
  intent to defraud                                uttering is charged; 
   832.041                                        832.04 if farm or grove
                                                   product; 832.041 under
                                                   $50
                                                 Worthless    check 
                                                   832.05(2) (second degree
                                                   misdemeanor)
Worthless    checks      None                    Attempt, except when
   832.05(2)                                      uttering is charged
Obtaining property by    Worthless check         Attempt, except when
  worthless checks          832.05(2) (second     uttering is charged
   832.05(4)              degree misdemeanor)
Perjury not in official  None                    None
  proceeding  837.012
*1239Perjury if official      None                    None
  proceeding  837.02
Perjury by               None                    None
  contradictory
  statements  837.021
False reports to law     None                    None
  enforcement
  authorities  837.05
False official           None                    None
  statements  837.06
Bribery  838.015        None                    Attempt if only give or
                                                   accept is charged
Unlawful compensation    None                    Attempt if only give or
  for official behavior                            accept is charged
   838.016
Corruption by threat     None                    Attempt if only harm is
  against public                                   charged
  servant  838.021
Bribery in athletic      None                    Attempt only if give is
  contests  838.12(1)                             charged
Bribery in athletic      None                    Attempt only if accept is
  contests  838.12(2)                             charged
Keeping gambling house   None                    Lottery  849.09(1)(f)
   849.01
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(k)
                                                 Lottery  849.11
Agents, servants, etc.,  None                    Lottery  849.(1)(f)
  of keeper of gambling
  house  849.02
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(k)
Renting house for        None                    None
  gambling purposes
   849.02
Permitting minors and    None                    Permitting gambling and
  persons under                                    billiard or pool table by
  guardianship to                                  holder of license 
  gamble  849.04                                  849.07
                                                 Playing at games of chance
                                                   by lot  849.11
Gambling  849.08        None                    None
Lottery 849.09(1)(a)     None                    Attempt
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(f)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(g)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(h)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(i)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(j)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(k)
                                                 Playing at game of chance
                                                   by lot  849.11
                                                 Gambling devices, etc.
                                                    849.231
Lottery 849.09(1)(b)     None                    Attempt
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(f)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(g)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(h)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(i)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(j)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(k)
                                                 Gambling devices, etc.
                                                    849.231
Lottery 849.09(1)(c)     None                    Attempt
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(f)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(g)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(h)
*1240                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(i)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(j)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(k)
                                                 Gambling devices, etc.
                                                    849.231
Lottery 849.09(1)(d)     None                    Attempt
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(f)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(g)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(h)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(i)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(j)
                                                 Lottery  849.09(1)(k)
                                                 Playing at game of chance
                                                   by lot  849.11
                                                 Gambling devices, etc.
                                                    849.231
Lottery 849.09(1)(g)     None                    Attempt
Lottery 849.09(1)(h)     None                    Attempt
Lottery 849.09(1)(k)     None                    Attempt
Bookmaking on grounds    None                    Attempt
  of permit-holder
   550.361
  (adapted from former
  849.24)
Bookmaking  849.25(2)   None                    Attempt
Bookmaking  849.25(3)   Bookmaking  849.25(2)  Attempt
                                                 Bookmaking on grounds of
                                                   permit-holder  550.361
Driving under the        None                    Attempt
  influence 
  316.193(3)(c)(1)
DUI with damage to       DUI  316.193(1)        None
  property or person
   316.193(3)(c)1
DUI with serious bodily  DUI  316.193(1)        DUI  316.193(3)(c)1
  injury 
  316.193(3)(c)2
DUI manslaughter         DUI  316.193(1)        Vehicular homicide 
   316.193(3)(c)3                                 782.071 DUI 
                                                   316.193(3)(c)2
                                                 DUI  316.193(3)(c)1
Sale, manufacture,       None                    Attempt, except when
  delivery or                                      delivery is charged;
  possession with                                  893.13(1)(f)(g) if
  intent to sell,                                  possession or delivery of
  manufacture or                                   cannabis charged
  deliver controlled                             893.13(1)(e)(f) if
  substance                                 possession is
893.13(1)(a)                                       charged[********]
Sale, delivery or        None                    Attempt, except when
  possession of more                               delivery is charged
  than 10 grams of                                 893.13(1)(a)
  controlled substance                             893.13(1)(e)(f) if
   893.13(1)(b)                                   possession is charged
Delivery of controlled   None                    893.13(1)(a)
  substance to person                              893.13(1)(f)(g)
  under 18 years old                               if cannabis charged
   893.13(1)(c)
Bringing controlled       None                   Attempt 893.13(1)(e)(f)
  substance into state                             893.13(1)(f)(g) if
   893.13(1)(d)                                   cannabis charged
Possession of            None                    Attempt; 893.13(1)(f)(g) if
  controlled substance                             cannabis charged
   893.13(1)(e)(f)
Offense of possession    None                    Attempt, except when
  or delivery of not                               delivery is charged
  more
*1241  than 20 grams of
  cannabis 
  893.13(1)(f)(g)
Obtaining controlled     None
  substances by fraud
   893.13(3)(a)1
Possession of drug       None                    Attempt
  paraphernalia
   893.147(1)
Delivery, possession     None                    Attempt, except when
  with intent to                                   delivery is charged
  deliver, or
  manufacture with
  intent to deliver
  drug paraphernalia
   893.147(2)
Delivery of drug         None                    None
  paraphernalia to a
  minor  893.147(3)
Trafficking in cannabis
   893.135(1)(a)        None[*********]       Attempt, except when
                                                   delivery is charged
                                                 893.13(1)(a) if sale,
                                                   manufacture or delivery
                                                   is charged
                                                 Bringing cannabis into
                                                   state  893.13(1)(d)
                                                 Possession of cannabis
                                                    893.13(1)(e)(f)
                                                 Possession or delivery of
                                                   cannabis 
                                                   893.13(1)(f)(g)
Trafficking in cocaine   None[*********]       Attempt, except when
   893.135(1)(b)                                  delivery is charged
                                                 893.13(1)(a) if sale,
                                                   manufacture or delivery
                                                   is charged
                                                 Bringing cocaine into state
                                                    893.13(1)(d)
                                                 Possession of cocaine
                                                    893.13(1)(e)(f)
Trafficking in illegal   None[*********]       Attempt, except when
  drugs  893.135(1)(c)                            delivery is charged
                                                 893.13(1)(a) if sale,
                                                   manufacture or delivery
                                                   is charged
                                                 Bringing same illegal drug
                                                   as charged into state
                                                    893.13(1)(d)
                                                 Possession of same illegal
                                                   drug  893.13(1)(e)(f)
Trafficking in           None[*********]       Attempt, except when
  phencyclidine                                    delivery is charged
   893.135(1)(d)
                                                 893.13(1)(a) if sale,
                                                   manufacture or delivery
                                                   is charged
                                                 Bringing phencyclidine
                                                   into state  893.13(1)(d)
                                                 Possession of phencyclidine
                                                    893.13(1)(e)(f)
Trafficking in           None[*********]       Attempt, except when
  methaqualone                                     delivery is charged
   893.135(1)(d)
*1242                                                 893.13(1)(a) if sale,
                                                   manufacture or delivery
                                                   is charged
                                                 Bringing methaqualone into
                                                   state  893.13(1)(d)
                                                 Possession of methaqualone
                                                    893.13(1)(e)(f)
Contraband  951.22        None                  The nature of the
                                                   contraband may give rise
                                                   to misdemeanor, lesser
                                                   included offenses See
                                                   Cooper v. State,
                                                   512 So. 2d 1071 (Fla.
                                                   1st DCA 1987); Moore v.
                                                   State, 512 So. 2d 1149
                                                   (Fla. 1st DCA 1987).
                               EXHIBIT 12
                        THROWING, PLACING, PROJECTING, OR DISCHARGING
                        DESTRUCTIVE DEVICE
                        F.S. 790.161
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged), the State must prove the following three
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant)
                                [made]
                                [possessed]
                                [threw]
                                [placed]
                                [projected]
                                [discharged]
                                [attempted to throw, place, project,
                                  or discharge]
                                a destructive device.
                          2. He did so
                                [with intent to do bodily harm to any
                                  person.]
                                [with intent to wrongfully do damage to
                                  (property).]
                          3. The act resulted in
Give 3a, 3b, 3d, 3e          a. [a disruption of governmental 3c,
or 3f as applicable               operations.]
                             b. [a disruption of governmental commerce.]
                             c. [a disruption of the private affairs of
                                  (victim).]
                             d. [bodily harm to (victim).]
                             e. [property damage.]
                             f. [the death of (victim).]
Person killed;            It is not necessary that the person killed be the
give if 3f alleged      same person the defendant intended to injure or the
                        owner of the property intended to be damaged.
Definition                A "destructive device" is defined as (adapt from
                        F.S. 790.001(4) as required by the allegations).
                               EXHIBIT 13
                        THREAT TO THROW, PLACE, PROJECT, OR DISCHARGE ANY
                        DESTRUCTIVE DEVICE
                        F.S. 790.162
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of (crime
                        charged), the State must prove the following two
                        elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
*1243Elements                  1.    (Defendant) threatened to
                                [throw]
                                [place]
                                [project]
                                [discharge]
                             a destructive device.
                          2. He did so with intent to do
                                [bodily harm to any person.] [damage to the
                                  property of any person.]
Definition                A "destructive device" is defined as (adapt from
                        F.S. 790.001(4) as required by the allegations).
                               EXHIBIT 14
                        CONTRABAND IN COUNTY DETENTION FACILITY
                        F.S. 951.22
                          Before you can find the defendant guilty of the
                        crime of (crime charged), the State must prove the
                        following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt:
Elements                  1. (Defendant)
                             [introduced contraband into]
                             [knowingly possessed contraband in]
                             [gave contraband to an inmate in]
                             [received contraband from an inmate in]
                             [took contraband from]
                             [attempted to take or send contraband from]
                             a county detention facility.
                          2. (Defendant) did not do so through regular
                             channels as duly authorized by the Sheriff or
                             officer in charge of the facility.
                          The court now instructs you that for purposes of
                        this offense, "contraband" means:
Select definition         [any currency or coin.]
depending upon            [any article of food or clothing.]
item alleged              [any written or recorded communication.]
                          [any intoxicating beverage or beverage which
                          causes or may cause an intoxicating effect.]
                          [any narcotic, hypnotic or excitative drug.]
                          [any drug of any kind, including nasal inhalation]
                          [sleeping pill] [barbiturate.]
                          [any controlled substance. [(Item alleged)] is a
                          controlled substance.]
                          [any firearm.]
                          [any instrumentality that may be or is intended to
                          be used as a dangerous weapon.]
                          [any instrumentality that may be or is intended to
                          be used as an aid in attempting to escape.]
Definitions               "County detention facility" means a county jail,
F.S. 951.23(1)          a county stockade, a county prison camp, a county
                        residential probation center, and any other place
                        used by a county or county officer to detain persons
                        charged with or convicted crimes, including the
                        grounds thereof.
Note to Judge: In
event of municipal
facility involved,
see statute.
Definitions
Give as applicable      To "introduce" means to put inside or into.
Note to Judge:
See p. 220 for
definition of
"possession."

NOTES
[*]  The committee expressed concern over the constitutionality of chapter 87-243, section 42, Laws of Florida, creating section 777.201(2), which places the burden of proof of entrapment on the defendant. Therefore, the committee offered alternative final paragraphs of the instruction, one of which retained the existing instruction which requires the state to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was not entrapped, and the other which requires the defendant to prove entrapment by a preponderance of the evidence. For the purpose of adopting standard jury instructions, the constitutionality of a statute must be assumed unless it has been declared unconstitutional. The Court deems it inappropriate to pass on the constitutionality of a statute except in adversary proceedings. Therefore, for offenses occurring on or after October 1, 1987, the Court has accepted the statutory alternative which places the burden of proof of entrapment on the defendant.
[**]  But see Martin v. State, 342 So. 2d 501 (Fla. 1977); Drotar v. State, 433 So. 2d 1005 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983), holding that nonhomicide lessers should not be given when the only issue is whether the death was a lawful or unlawful homicide, but should be given if there is an issue of causation, i.e., whether death was caused by defendant's act or some other unconnected cause. When a nonhomicide offense is a necessarily lesser included offense of the homicide offense, an instruction on the lesser may be necessary. See certified question in Barritt v. State, 517 So. 2d 65 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987).
[***]  See Scurry v. State, 521 So. 2d 1077 (Fla. 1988).
[****]  But see Martin v. State, 342 So. 2d 501 (Fla. 1977).
[*****]  But see Smith v. State, 330 So. 2d 256 [526] (Fla. 4th DCA 1976), and Murray v. State, 328 So. 2d 501 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976).
[******]  See Taylor v. State, 444 So. 2d 931 (Fla. 1984).
[*******]  But see Martin v. State, 342 So. 2d 501 (Fla. 1977).
[********]  Provided that charged offense is a second degree felony under section 893.13(1)(a)1.
[*********]  An instruction of simple possession may be required. See Dauphin [Daophin] v. State, 511 So. 2d 1037 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987), cert. pending (Case No. 70,995, Fla.S.Ct.).