Court Opinion

ID: 4456168
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-11-15 16:03:55.26578+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:27:54.552799
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                           FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any                                  Nov 15 2019, 8:51 am

court except for the purpose of establishing                                    CLERK
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                     Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                               Court of Appeals
                                                                                 and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                  ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
Dana J. Phillips                                        Bryce H. Bennett
Schiller Law Offices, LLC                               Drake T. Land
Carmel, Indiana                                         Justin O. Sorrell
                                                        Riley Bennett Egloff LLP
                                                        Indianapolis, Indiana

                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Doreen White,                                           November 15, 2019
Appellant-Plaintiff,                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                        19A-CT-967
        v.                                              Appeal from the Lake Circuit
                                                        Court
Joe Holland and Penske Truck                            The Honorable Marissa J.
Leasing Co., L.P.,                                      McDermott, Judge
Appellees-Defendants                                    Trial Court Cause No.
                                                        45C01-1703-CT-52

Baker, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CT-967 | November 15, 2019                    Page 1 of 10
[1]   Doreen White appeals the trial court’s denial of her motion for leave to amend

      the complaint, grant of Joe Holland’s motion to dismiss, and grant of Penske

      Truck Leasing Co., L.P.’s, (Penske) motion for summary judgment, arguing

      that the trial court erred in each ruling. Finding no error, we affirm.

                                                    Facts
[2]   On June 9, 2015, White and Holland were involved in a car accident. On

      March 24, 2017, White filed a complaint for damages against Holland, alleging

      that his negligence caused the accident. White also included a claim against

      Penske, arguing that Penske, as Holland’s employer, was vicariously liable for

      Holland’s negligence under the theory of respondeat superior.

[3]   In their July 12, 2017, answers to White’s complaint, both Holland and Penske

      denied that Holland was employed by Penske.1 Holland and Penske further

      denied that they were in an employer/employee relationship in their responses

      to White’s discovery requests on August 11, 2017, and August 18, 2017,

      respectively. On August 22, 2017, the trial court set a deadline of December 1,

      2017, for additional motions to join parties or amend the pleadings. White did

      not amend her complaint to include the correct defendant by this deadline.

[4]   On November 2, 2017, Holland and Penske filed a motion to compel White to

      respond to their written interrogatories and a request for production. The trial

      1
          Penske Logistics is Holland’s employer.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CT-967 | November 15, 2019   Page 2 of 10
      court denied their motion on December 14, 2017, but nonetheless advised

      White to respond before December 21, 2017. After receiving White’s discovery

      responses on December 18, 2017, Holland and Penske notified White that the

      responses were “incomplete and deficient[.]” Appellees’ App. Vol. II p. 42.

      White did not amend or modify those responses.

[5]   On February 2, 2018, Penske filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing

      that Penske could not be held vicariously liable for any of Holland’s alleged

      negligence because it was not Holland’s employer. In support of its motion,

      Penske designated evidence in the form of Holland’s and Penske’s written

      responses to White’s discovery requests.

[6]   On June 8, 2018, White deposed Holland, and it was during this deposition that

      White claimed to have learned for the first time that Holland was employed by

      Penske Logistics and not Penske. Subsequently, the trial court granted White

      two enlargements of time to respond to Penske’s original motion for summary

      judgment. Still, White did not respond to the summary judgment motion and

      did not designate any opposing evidence.

[7]   On July 25, 2018, Holland and Penske filed a second motion to compel, which

      the trial court granted on August 24, 2018. White did not respond to this

      motion. On September 7, 2018, White allegedly attempted to file a motion for

      leave to amend the complaint to include Holland’s actual employer. However,

      the trial court never received the motion. In the meantime, on September 27,

      2018, Holland and Penske filed a third motion to compel, which the trial court

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CT-967 | November 15, 2019   Page 3 of 10
      granted on October 16, 2018. With no word from White, Holland and Penske

      filed a fourth motion to compel on October 17, 2018, on which the trial court

      did not issue an order. The trial court also extended multiple discovery

      deadlines for all parties.

[8]   Finally, on November 9, 2018, Penske and Holland filed a joint motion to

      dismiss White’s claims as discovery sanctions under Indiana Trial Rule

      37(B)(2)(c) because White failed to comply with the trial court’s orders

      compelling compliance with discovery. White never responded to the motion to

      dismiss. The trial court conducted a November 26, 2018, hearing, at which time

      White finally filed a proper motion for leave to amend her complaint. In that

      complaint, White sought to add Penske Logistics as a new party and to add a

      claim against Penske for negligent entrustment. On November 27, 2018,

      Holland and Penske objected to White’s motion for leave to amend.

[9]   After taking the various motions under advisement, on December 21, 2018, the

      trial court issued an order denying White’s motion for leave to amend her

      complaint, granting Holland’s motion to dismiss, and granting Penske’s motion

      for summary judgment.2 On January 22, 2019, White filed a motion to correct

      errors, which the trial court denied on March 28, 2019. White now appeals.

      2
       The trial court ruled that Penske’s motion to dismiss was moot because it had already granted Penske’s
      motion for summary judgment.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CT-967 | November 15, 2019                Page 4 of 10
                                    Discussion and Decision
                                        I. Motion to Amend
[10]   First, White argues that the trial court erred when it denied her motion for leave

       to amend the complaint. Indiana Trial Rule 15(A) states, in pertinent part, that

       “[a] party may amend his pleading once as a matter of course at any time before

       a responsive pleading is served[.]” Here, the Appellees filed a response to

       White’s original complaint on July 12, 2017. Because of this, under Trial Rule

       15(A), White “may amend [her] pleading only by leave of court or by written

       consent of the adverse party; and leave shall be given when justice so requires.”

[11]   The trial court has broad discretion in granting or denying amendments to

       pleadings, and we will reverse only if the trial court’s decision is clearly against

       the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances, or if the trial court has

       misinterpreted the law. Fleming v. Int’l Pizza Supply Corp., 707 N.E.2d 1033,

       1036 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999). In determining whether the trial court erred in its

       decision to grant or deny pleading amendments, “we look to a number of

       factors, which include ‘undue delay, bad faith, or dilatory motive on the part of

       the movant, repeated failure to cure deficiency by amendment previously

       allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue of the amendment,

       and futility of the amendment.’” MAPCO Coal Inc. v. Godwin, 786 N.E.2d 769,

       777 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003) (quoting Nyby v. Waste Mgmt., Inc., 725 N.E.2d 905,

       915 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000)).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CT-967 | November 15, 2019   Page 5 of 10
[12]   Here, the trial court determined that White’s motion for leave to amend was

       “untimely and prejudicial to [Holland and Penske][.]” Appellant’s App. Vol. II

       p. 15. We agree. Ever since White first filed suit against Holland and Penske,

       there has been nothing but procedural confusion.

[13]   First, White repeatedly failed to include the correct Penske defendant even after

       learning through discovery on August 11 and August 18, 2017, that she had

       filed suit against the wrong party. And despite the trial court’s December 1,

       2017, deadline for amendments to the complaint, White did not meet the

       deadline, causing further delay.

[14]   Then, without explanation, for nearly a full year, White neglected to respond to

       Holland’s and Penske’s multiple discovery requests or comply with the trial

       court’s orders compelling her cooperation, claiming that she “did not receive

       the mailed Requests for Admission and there is no evidence that Appellee[s]

       served the Requests for Admission by email as required by Indiana Trial Rule

       26(A.1).” Appellant’s Br. p. 11.3 In this day and age, we find it difficult to

       believe that a party—represented by counsel—did not receive repeated

       discovery requests or trial court orders. Moreover, even if that actually

       happened, a reasonable party would take affirmative action to determine the

       3
        We note that the Chronological Case Summary and the accompanying appendices show that Holland and
       Penske filed all documents and motions with the trial court in the correct fashion and sent notice to White’s
       counsel multiple times. Moreover, the trial court granted two motions to compel, setting deadlines for
       White’s compliance. She claims that she also did not receive these orders. Because White admitted that she
       “remained in regular communication with the Lake County Clerk’s Office for weeks,” appellant’s br. p. 10,
       her failure to respond to the various motions is that much more puzzling.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CT-967 | November 15, 2019                  Page 6 of 10
       status of the case and discovery if all had been silent for a full year. In sum, with

       no plausible reason, White wholly failed to participate in this litigation,

       ignoring deadlines, discovery requests, and court orders.

[15]   Under these circumstances, the trial court did not err in concluding that White’s

       dilatory filing of a motion for leave to amend her complaint was untimely and

       prejudicial to Holland and Penske. By “offer[ing] no convincing reason for

       foregoing the opportunity to fully present [her] claims in a more timely

       fashion,” Hilliard v. Jacobs, 927 N.E.2d 393, 400 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), White

       seemingly circumvented procedure all in the name of ignorance.4 The trial court

       was well within its discretion to deny White’s motion.

                                           II. Motion to Dismiss
[16]   Next, White argues that the trial court erred by granting Holland’s motion to

       dismiss.5 “The trial court is vested with broad discretion in ruling on the issues

       of discovery[.]” Hatfield v. Edward J. DeBartolo Corp., 676 N.E.2d 395, 399 (Ind.

       Ct. App. 1997). For cases involving dismissal as a discovery sanction, we will

       reverse a trial court’s decision only if it is against the logic and effect of the facts

       4
         As an aside, we admonish White for omitting approximately one year of facts and procedure from her brief
       and for repeatedly claiming that she had not received any court documents or motions filed by the Appellees.
       It is one thing to frame the facts in a light that benefits your side of the argument, but it is an entirely different
       thing to wholly exclude key facts and circumstances and to cry foul about procedural deficiencies that do not
       exist.
       5
         Despite White’s insistence that the trial court ruled on this as a Trial Rule 12(B)(6) motion for failure to
       state a claim for which relief can be granted, the trial court confirmed that it had dismissed White’s claims
       against Holland as a discovery sanction under Trial Rule 37. See generally Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 18-19.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CT-967 | November 15, 2019                         Page 7 of 10
       and circumstances before the court. Id. “Whether to impose the sanction of

       dismissal for refusal to comply with discovery orders is a matter for the trial

       court’s discretion.” Id.

[17]   Indiana Trial Rule 37(B)(2)(c) states, in pertinent part that:

               (2) [i]f a party or an officer, director, or managing agent of a party
               or an organization . . . fails to obey an order to provide or permit
               discovery . . . the court in which the action is pending may make
               such orders in regard to the failure as are just, and among others
               the following:

                       (c) An order striking out pleadings or parts thereof, or
                       staying further proceedings until the order is obeyed, or
                       dismissing the action or proceeding or any part thereof, or
                       rendering a judgment by default against the disobedient
                       party[.]

       (Emphasis added). Here, the record is replete with evidence showing that

       dismissal of White’s complaint against Holland was not in error.

[18]   The prolonged discovery process was caused primarily by White’s repeated

       failures to respond to Holland’s and Penske’s discovery requests. Even after the

       trial court issued two orders requiring that White comply, she failed to do so.

       Holland and Penske filed four motions to compel, two of which the trial court

       granted, all to no avail. Moreover, White did not object to the motions to

       compel, demonstrating that she either flatly refused to cooperate, overlooked

       her obligations to respond, or disregarded the discovery requests altogether.

[19]   Holland and Penske attempted to adequately prepare a defense, but they were

       unable to do so because they did not have the proper information from White.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CT-967 | November 15, 2019   Page 8 of 10
       Though dismissals may not be favored in Indiana, see Fulton v. Van Slyke, 447
N.E.2d 628, 634 (Ind. Ct. App. 1983), the trial court had the discretion to

       impose such a sanction in this case given White’s constant delay and

       inattentiveness. In sum, the trial court did not err by granting Holland’s motion

       to dismiss pursuant to Trial Rule 37(B)(2)(c).

                          III. Motion for Summary Judgment
[20]   Finally, White argues that the trial court erred by granting Penske’s motion for

       summary judgment. Our standard of review for a motion for summary

       judgment is well settled:

               [W]hen we review a grant or denial of a motion for summary
               judgment, our standard of review is the same as it is for the trial
               court. The moving party must show there are no genuine issues of
               material fact and it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. If the
               moving party carries its burden, then the non-moving party must
               present evidence establishing the existence of a genuine issue of
               material fact. In deciding whether summary judgment is proper,
               we consider only the evidence the parties specifically designated to
               the trial court. We construe all factual inferences in favor of the
               non-moving party and resolve all doubts regarding the existence of
               a material issue against the moving party.

       Knighten v. E. Chi. Hous. Auth., 45 N.E.3d 788, 791 (Ind. 2015) (internal

       citations and quotations omitted).

[21]   “Under the doctrine of respondeat superior, an employer, who is not liable

       because of its own acts, can be held liable for the wrongful acts of his employee

       which are committed within the scope of employment.” Robbins v. Trustees of

       Ind. Univ., 45 N.E.3d 1, 8 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015) (internal quotations omitted)

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CT-967 | November 15, 2019   Page 9 of 10
       (emphases added). Thus, a claimant cannot recover under a claim of respondeat

       superior if there is no employer/employee relationship.

[22]   In its brief in support of summary judgment, Penske designated evidence in the

       form of the Appellees’ verified responses to White’s discovery requests in which

       they attested that Penske was not Holland’s employer. Furthermore, White

       admitted that she “learned that she had sued the wrong company entity,”

       appellant’s br. p. 10, when she deposed Holland on June 8, 2018. In other

       words, there is undisputed evidence that Penske Logistics—and not the named

       Penske defendant—was Holland’s actual employer. The burden then shifted to

       the non-movant (White) to present evidence that there was a genuine issue of

       material fact. And White failed to designate any evidence in opposition to

       Penske’s motion for summary judgment or to even file a brief.

[23]   Given this background, we conclude that there is no genuine issue of material

       fact and that because Penske is not Holland’s employer, White cannot recover

       from Penske as a matter of law. Thus, the trial court did not err by granting

       Penske’s motion for summary judgment.

[24]   The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

       Kirsch, J., and Crone, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CT-967 | November 15, 2019   Page 10 of 10