Court Opinion

ID: 9382443
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-27 18:07:33.873156+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:39.464822
License: Public Domain

J-A04015-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

                                                  IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
IN RE: TERMINATION OF PARENTAL                       OF PENNSYLVANIA
RIGHTS TO B.M.B., A MINOR

APPEAL OF M.M.S., MOTHER

                                                     No. 1337 MDA 2022

               Appeal from the Order Entered August 15, 2022
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Lebanon County
                     Orphans’ Court at No.: 2022-00567

BEFORE: STABILE, J., DUBOW, J. and McCAFFERY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                  FILED: MARCH 27, 2023

      Appellant, M.M.S. (“Mother”), appeals from an order that terminated

involuntarily her parental rights to her minor son, B.M.B. (“Child”). We affirm.

      Mother was born in 1989 and is the natural mother of Child, who was

born in 2021.    On February 9, 2021, shortly after Child’s birth, Lebanon

County’s Child and Youth Services (“Agency”) was granted emergency custody

of Child due to parental substance abuse.

      Child never lived with Mother nor B.L.B. (“Father”). Child is living with

his biological half-sibling in a foster home.   Both children have the same

genetic condition that the foster mother (“Foster Mom”) is equipped to handle.

On March 1, 2021, an adjudication hearing was held, and Child was found to

be a “dependent child” under 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302(1) and 6302(10) because

Mother was in jail from December 23, 2020, to May 17, 2021, there was
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parental substance abuse, and Mother had her parental rights to another child

involuntarily terminated on December 3, 2018. Notably, Mother was in jail

during the termination hearing held on August 15, 2022, and she also

voluntarily terminated her parental rights to her first two children.

      At first, the Agency had regular contact with the parents. Letters were

sent to the parents regarding their goals and their progress.       Mother had

fifteen goals established by the Child Permanency Plan for Child, including

regular visitation with Child and drug and alcohol testing.

      On August 30, 2021, a review hearing took place, and the parents’

progress on their goals was found to be minimal.        On January 10, 2022,

another review hearing took place. The parents’ progress was found to be

moderate; Mother completed an in-patient program. At a May 9, 2022, review

hearing, the parents’ progress was found to be minimal; Mother was

unsuccessfully discharged, had disappeared, was reincarcerated, and was in

jail at the time of the review.

      On June 30, 2022, the Agency filed a petition for involuntary termination

of parental rights under 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5) and (8). The

original permanency goal in Child’s Permanency Plan was either to return him

home or to conduct an adoption, but the Agency later determined that

adoption should be the only goal.

      On August 15, 2022, the court convened an evidentiary hearing on the

Agency’s petition. The evidence presented during the hearing demonstrated

that Mother was incarcerated from December 23, 2020 through May 17, 2021.

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Upon her release, Mother went to the Conewago Snyder Halfway House until

June 2, 2021. She returned to the Lebanon County Correctional Facility at

that time and remained there until June 29, 2021 when she went to the

Nicholas House, a halfway house.      On July 10, 2021, she was discharged

unsuccessfully for violating Nicholas House’s curfew policy. Her whereabouts

were unknown between July 10, 2021 and July 29, 2021. On July 29, 2021,

she returned to Lebanon County Correctional Facility on a probation violation,

and she remained there until October 6, 2021. At that point, she attended

the Pyramid Healthcare detox inpatient program, which she successfully

completed on December 3, 2021. On December 13, 2021, she returned to

Lebanon County Correctional Facility until an appropriate stepdown placement

could be found. On February 8, 2022, she went to the Grace House program,

but on February 28, 2022, she was discharged unsuccessfully for failing to

follow program rules. Between February 28, 2022 and March 3, 2022 Mother

was in the Lebanon County Correctional Facility. On March 3, 2022, she was

released on a home plan, but by March 5, 2022, her whereabouts were

unknown. On April 28, 2022, she was reincarcerated for probation violations

of drug use and absconding. She was incarcerated from April 28, 2022 until

the evidentiary hearing on August 15, 2022.

      The Agency sent Mother follow-up letters about her goals, gave Mother

useful   information   about   resources,   and   provided   notice   of   Child’s

appointments. Nevertheless, Mother struggled to complete all of her goals.

Mother was not actively involved in Child’s placement, because she

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consistently was in jail or an in-patient program for multiple reasons, including

but not limited to probation violations and evading probation.           Mother

participated in only four in-person visits with Child on July 9, 2021, December

9, 2021, March 17, 2022, and March 22, 2022 and one visit on July 9, 2021

by video. A fifth in-person visit was canceled due to transportation issues.

Mother provided no proof of completing a parenting course even though the

Agency informed her where to go for classes. Mother testified that she started

parenting essentials on a tablet and that she did not even know this was a

goal at one point. Mother testified that she had prepared to do classes when

she was in treatment but was reincarcerated.

      Mother underwent a mental health evaluation on October 14, 2021 and

was recommended to complete out-patient treatment. She failed to complete

out-patient therapy.    Mother underwent drug and alcohol evaluation on

January 13, 2022 but only partially completed her recommended treatment.

The Agency was concerned about Mother’s substance abuse but was never

able to test her for drug use. Mother did not have stable housing and did not

have an address for parole.

      Mother did not attend any of Child’s medical appointments, and she

evaded parole authorities while under supervision.

      With regard to the bond between Mother and Child, Mother was in jail

or treatment during most of Child’s life. While incarcerated, Mother wrote

letters to the Agency’s caseworker asking for updates about Child and pictures

of Child. In addition, while incarcerated, Mother sent Child some letters and

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drawings. When she was not incarcerated, however, Mother did not ask the

caseworker for updates or send Child letters. Child did not recognize Mother

on the few occasions that Mother visited him.

      Child has physical limitations, including respiratory distress and possible

sepsis. Child also has a poor swallow. Child is now a patient of Taylor Swingle

(“Swingle”) at Penn State Health. The first session was in July 2021, and

Swingle sees Child about once each week.        Child appears to have delayed

development and is receiving physical, occupational, and speech therapy.

Swingle is helping Child with gross motor skills, and the goal is to help him

catch up to his milestones. Typically, Foster Mom was present for these visits

and was very involved in Child’s care.           Mother did not attend any

appointments.

      During the termination hearing, the supervising caseworker testified

that terminating the parental rights of Mother and Father is in the best interest

of Child. Foster Mom is an adoptive resource. Child calls Foster Mom “Mom”

and calls the foster father (“Foster Dad”) “Dad.” While Child has issues with

walking, developmental delays, eczema, and wears glasses because of an

issue with eyes, he is currently receiving early intervention services and

therapies. Foster Mom has usually been present for these visits and is very

involved in Child’s care.   Overall, Child is doing well and is living with his

biological half-sibling, and Foster Mom can take care of both of them.

      Mother testified that she was sorry her drug addiction contributed to

creating this situation and stated that she plans to stay away from people,

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places, and things that are bad influences. The court found, however, that

Mother did not have a workable plan in place regarding her caring for Child at

the time of the hearing even though Child had been in placement for eighteen

months. Mother was not even sure how long she would be in jail this time but

did know her maximum date was in December of 2022. The court found that

Mother failed to provide any credible testimony concerning her conduct.

      On August 15, 2022, the court ordered involuntary termination of

Father’s and Mother’s parental rights. Mother filed a timely appeal, and both

Mother and the court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. Father did not appeal.

      Mother raises the following issues on appeal:

      1. Whether [Agency] met its burden to establish [Mother]
      evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim to the
      child?

      2. Whether [Agency] met its burden to establish [Mother] refused
      or failed to perform parental duties based upon the circumstances
      in which she found herself?

Mother’s Brief at 4.

      We consider these claims together, mindful of our well-settled standard

of review:

      The standard of review in termination of parental rights cases
      requires appellate courts to accept the findings of fact and
      credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported
      by the record. If the factual findings are supported, appellate
      courts review to determine if the trial court made an error of law
      or abused its discretion. A decision may be reversed for an abuse
      of   discretion    only   upon     demonstration      of    manifest
      unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will. The trial
      court’s decision, however, should not be reversed merely because
      the record would support a different result. We have previously

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       emphasized our deference to trial courts that often have first-hand
       observations of the parties spanning multiple hearings.

In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa. 2013).

       Section 2511 of the Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511, which governs

involuntary termination of parental rights, requires a bifurcated analysis:

       Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party
       seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing evidence
       that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory grounds for
       termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if the court
       determines that the parent’s conduct warrants termination of his
       or her parental rights does the court engage in the second part of
       the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b): determination of the
       needs and welfare of the child under the standard of best interests
       of the child. One major aspect of the needs and welfare analysis
       concerns the nature and status of the emotional bond between
       parent and child, with close attention paid to the effect on the child
       of permanently severing any such bond.

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007).

       In this case, the court terminated Mother’s parental rights involuntarily

pursuant to Sections 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and (8). We need only agree with

the court as to any one subsection of Section 2511(a) in order to affirm.1 In

re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc). Here, we consider

____________________________________________

1 Mother waived any challenge regarding Section 2511(b) by failing to include
it in her statement of questions involved and concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal. See In re M.Z.T.M.W., 163 A.3d 462, 466 (Pa.
Super. 2017) (“[I]ssues not included in an appellant’s statement of questions
involved and concise statement of errors complained of on appeal are
waived.”). Mother also failed to develop any such claim in the argument
section of her brief. Id. at 465-66 (“[T]his Court will not review a claim unless
it is developed in the argument section of an appellant’s brief, and supported
by citations to relevant authority”). Thus, we review only the court’s decision
to terminate parental rights pursuant to Section 2511(a).

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the court’s decision to terminate pursuant to Section 2511(a)(1), which

provides as follows:

      The rights of a parent in regard to a child may be terminated after
      a petition filed on any of the following grounds:

      (1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six
      months immediately preceding the filing of the petition either has
      evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim to a
      child or has refused or failed to perform parental duties.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1).

      Mother argues that “in spite of her incarceration, treatments and

halfway houses, [she] utilized all reasonable means available to her to

maintain a relationship and a place in [C]hild’s life. Both [the Agency] and

the [c]ourt indicate that [Mother] did what she could, based upon the

circumstances being encountered.” Mother’s Brief at 13-14.

      The evidence of record demonstrates, however, that Mother failed to

perform parental duties during the first six months of 2022, the six-month

period immediately preceding the Agency’s termination petition. Indeed, as

the trial court observed, Mother has failed to perform parental duties since

Child was born in early 2021. Mother struggled to complete all of her goals,

failed to attend any of Child’s medical appointments, visited Child only four

times, repeatedly failed to complete rehabilitation programs, and has

repeatedly been incarcerated. She has been in jail or drug treatment during

the majority of Child’s life. Although Mother wrote some letters to Child while

in jail, she stopped contact when not in jail. While she was incarcerated, she

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contacted the Agency’s caseworker for updates on Child, but she failed to

contact the caseworker for updates when not incarcerated.

      Although Mother’s incarceration was not conclusive on whether she

abandoned Child, her responsibilities were not tolled during her incarceration.

The evidence shows that Mother lacked any plan and follow-through, and she

failed to utilize the resources that were available to her to form a close

relationship with Child despite her affirmative duty to do so.

      Mother’s chief argument is that she has done as much as she can while

in prison, and has refused to give up her parental rights. The court had ample

reason not to believe Mother’s claim. Her pattern of drug abuse, failure to

rehabilitate herself, failure to meet with Child except for a handful of

occasions, and failure to take any role in Child’s upbringing and nurturing

evinces a failure to perform parental duties for six months (and more)

preceding the Agency’s termination petition.

      For these reasons, we hold that the trial court properly determined that

the Agency fulfilled its burden of proof under Section 2511(a)(1).         We

therefore affirm the order of involuntary termination.

      Order affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 03/27/2023

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