Court Opinion

ID: 162572
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-08-14 07:36:18+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:52:03.730007
License: Public Domain

F I L E D
                                                                    United States Court of Appeals
                                                                            Tenth Circuit
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                           SEP 13 2002
                            FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                      PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                 Clerk

    ROBERT E. COTNER,

                Petitioner - Appellant,

    v.                                                    No. 01-7096
                                                     (D.C. No. 01-CV-37-S)
    BOBBY BOONE, Warden; JAMES                          (E.D. Oklahoma)
    SAFFLE; THE STATE OF
    OKLAHOMA,

                Respondents - Appellees.

                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT           *

Before HENRY and HOLLOWAY , Circuit Judges, and               BRORBY , Senior
Circuit Judge.

         After examining petitioner’s submissions and the appellate record, this

panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist

the determination of this appeal.   See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R.

34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

*
      This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
       State prisoner Robert E. Cotner, appearing pro se, appeals from the

dismissal of his “Emergency Petition for a Writ of Habeas Under 28-2241

Injunction.” Although purportedly brought pursuant to the habeas statutes, the

petition states that it “is a conditions and treatment case,     not attacking the

judgement [sic] or sentence.” Pet. at 1. Finding the petition to be an attempt to

commence a civil rights lawsuit without prepaying filing fees, and noting that

Mr. Cotner has filed at least forty-eight frivolous and repetitive suits in

Oklahoma, the district court denied the petition.      1
                                                           See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g).

       Upon Mr. Cotner’s motion to proceed          in forma pauperis on appeal, the

district court traced the long history of Mr. Cotner’s abusive practice of filing

frivolous complaints and petitions and denied the motion. Mr. Cotner then

reapplied for leave to proceed     in forma pauperis in this court. We agreed with

the district court that Mr. Cotner has used up his “three strikes” for proceeding      in

forma pauperis in civil actions, and we issued an order to show cause why this

appeal should not be dismissed for failure to prepay the entire filing fee.

Mr. Cotner argues that the Prisoner Litigation Reform Act is not applicable to

1
       In Cotner v. Nichols , No. 95-5087, 1995 WL 649734, at **1 n.3 (10th Cir.
Oct. 31, 1995), we noted that Mr. Cotner had filed “at least forty-four actions in
the last twenty years” and that the cases “typically involved frivolous motions and
ignored procedural requirements.” Since 1995, Mr. Cotner has filed at least
twenty additional civil rights actions and petitions for habeas corpus in the
Oklahoma district courts. In addition, he has filed fifty-one appeals or petitions
in this court in the past ten years.

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habeas actions, accuses the district court of bias and prejudice, and asserts that

“he faces death in the State prison system if he is not allowed to file at least one

federal habeas to address the issues raised warranting habeas relief.” Resp. to

Sept. 19, 2001 Order, at 2.

       We scoured Mr. Cotner’s rambling petition and his supplemental pleadings

for any claim cognizable under § 2241, and found two allegations that implicate

habeas jurisdiction. Mr. Cotner claims that, in 1996, prison officials retroactively

cancelled all of his earned work credits as punishment for writing the district

attorney a letter exposing prison staff who were allegedly bringing illegal drugs

into the prison to sell to prisoners. R. Doc. 4 at 1. He requested restoration of

those work credits.   Id. at 7. He further claims that, in 1997, he

       reported prison staff involved in illegal drug rings selling drugs
       inside the Lexington State prison, . . . and agents of respondents
       retaliated with the charge of escape by having legal papers in his cell
       about his own criminal case, and gave [petitioner] a life sentence to
       prison with 15 security points instead of the 0 points he had.

R. Doc. 1, at 1. He requested an injunction directing respondent “to remove the

10 security points for the escape by possession of legal papers.”     Id. at 3. 2

Because they impact the duration of confinement, these allegations state potential

claims for habeas relief under § 2241.     See Brown v. Smith , 828 F.2d 1493, 1495

2
       We note the internal inconsistencies in petitioner’s allegations but conclude
that they do not compel dismissal of the petition at this stage of the proceedings.

                                            -3-
(10th Cir. 1987); Heck v. Humphrey , 512 U.S. 477, 481 (1994). We therefore

discharge the order to show cause insofar as it relates to such claims. However,

precisely because those claims fall within the habeas sphere, they may proceed no

further absent a certificate of appealability, 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c), which, for the

reasons that follow, we decline to grant.

      First, it is clear on the face of the petition that Mr. Cotner’s habeas claims

are barred by the one-year limitation period found in 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(D).

Section 2244(d)(1)(D) requires that persons in custody pursuant to State court

judgments file habeas petitions within one year from “the date on which the

factual predicate of the claim or claims presented could have been discovered

through the exercise of due diligence.” The petition demonstrates that Mr. Cotner

was aware in 1996 of his allegation that his earned work credits were improperly

removed and was aware in 1997 of his allegation that he was improperly issued

security points precluding him from earning good-time credits. At that time, he

could have challenged those actions through prison administrative proceedings

and mandamus, and after exhaustion of those remedies, filed a federal habeas

petition. See Canady v. Reynolds , 880 P.2d 391, 397 (Okla. Crim. App. 1994)

(noting that mandamus is proper Oklahoma state remedy when prisoner’s

minimum due process rights have been violated in the removing of earned credits

without statutorily-required administrative proceedings).

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       Second, Mr. Cotner has already filed at least one petition for relief under

§ 2241 since the events complained of here,      see, e.g. , Cotner v. Oklahoma ,

No. 01-7101, 2002 WL 244855, at **1 (10th Cir. Feb. 21, 2002) (noting that

Mr. Cotner’s § 2241 petition was filed in district court in October 2000), and if

his current claims were not included in those petitions, they could have, and

should have, been.   See George v. Perrill , 62 F.3d 333, 334-35 (10th Cir. 1995)

(holding that a second or subsequent § 2241 petition raising a new claim that

could have been raised in an earlier petition should be dismissed as abuse under

§ 2244(a), absent a showing of either cause and prejudice or a fundamental

miscarriage of justice).

       Thus, to the extent his petition seeks habeas relief in the form of restoration

of earned credits and the subsequent reduction of the length of his confinement,

patent procedural deficiencies compel us to conclude “that the petitioner should

[not] be allowed to proceed further,” and we     DENY Mr. Cotner a certificate of

appealability.   Slack v. McDaniel , 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000).

       We agree with the district court that the balance of Mr. Cotner’s petition

seeks civil relief for alleged constitutional deprivations, and to excuse prepayment

of all necessary filing fees for pursuit of such claims, he must show entitlement to

in forma pauperis status. As noted above, that is precluded by the “three strikes”

                                           -5-
provision of 1915(g)   3
                           , and we therefore DENY permission to proceed        in forma

pauperis . In short, appellate review is unavailable for any aspect of this case.

Accordingly, the appeal is      DISMISSED .

       We DENY Mr. Cotner’s “Ex parte Petition to assume original jurisdiction

addressed to Justice Seymour” and his “Ex parte application for 2241 habeas

relief to Judge Seymour.”

                              Prospective Filing Restrictions

       We have previously warned Mr. Cotner that he must comply with the

requirements of 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b).       See Cotner v. Cody , No. 96-5269, 1998 WL

4336 (10th Cir. Jan. 8, 1998). Because Mr. Cotner has refused to abide by court

orders, and our court is burdened with his continuing frivolous filings, we         sua

sponte find it necessary to impose filing restrictions “commensurate with our

inherent power to enter orders necessary and appropriate in aid of our jurisdiction

under 28 U.S.C. § 1651.”        Howard v. Mail-Well Envelope Co.       , 150 F.3d 1227,

1232 (10th Cir. 1998) (quotations omitted).         4
                                                        Mr. Cotner may not proceed in this

3
      Mr. Cotner does not allege that he “is under imminent danger of serious
physical injury” so as to circumvent the § 1915 bar. § 1915(g).
4
      Because he has previously filed several habeas petitions under 28 U.S.C.
§ 2254 and § 2241, we assume that the district court for the Eastern District of
Oklahoma will dismiss any outstanding petitions for habeas corpus for which
Mr. Cotner has not already obtained an order from this court authorizing it to
consider the habeas application pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(3)(A). We also
                                                                     (continued...)

                                              -6-
court with original habeas petitions or appeals from the denial of any habeas

petition unless he contemporaneously submits a separate document certifying that

his claim has not been previously presented in a habeas petition and unless he

makes the requisite showing under § 2244(b)(2).

       Nor may Mr. Cotner proceed in this court in any civil action unless he is

represented by a licensed attorney or first obtains permission to proceed pro se.   5

To do so, Mr. Cotner must take the following steps:

       1. File a petition with the clerk of this court requesting leave to file a pro
       se proceeding, attaching a copy of this order;

       2. Include in the petition a list, by case name, number, and citation where
       applicable, of all proceedings currently pending or filed previously in this
       court, with a statement indicating the current status or disposition of each
       proceeding;

4
 (...continued)
note that the district court has imposed filing restrictions on civil rights actions
brought by Mr. Cotner that it may enforce.    See Cotner v. Campbell , 618 F. Supp.
1091 (E.D. Okla. 1985), aff’d in part, vacated in part by Cotner v. Hopkins     , 795
F.2d 900, 902 (10th Cir. 1986) (affirming imposition of restrictions).
5
       See Cotner v. Nichols , No. 95-5087, 1995 WL 649734 (10th Cir. Oct. 31,
1995) (approving similar restrictions imposed by district court for the Northern
District of Oklahoma). We note that, because he has repeatedly abused the court’s
process, the United States Supreme Court has restricted Mr. Cotner from filing
further petitions for writ of certiorari in civil matters unless he has paid a
docketing fee and submitted the petition in compliance with Supreme Court Rule
33.1. See Cotner v. Boone , No. 99-9284, 530 U.S. 1271 (June 29, 2000). The
Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals also restricted Mr. Cotner’s ability to file,
noting that he had filed forty-seven separate petitions and motions in the Court of
Appeals and finding that he “abused his access to this Court by his repeated,
duplicitous, and frivolous filings.”  Cotner v. Creek County Dist. Court , 911 P.2d
1215, 1218, 1221 (Okla. Crim. App. 1996).

                                            -7-
      3. File with the clerk a notarized affidavit reciting the issues he seeks to
      present, including a description of the order or ruling being challenged and
      a short statement of the legal basis asserted for the challenge. The affidavit
      must also certify his good faith in bringing the proposed action and that his
      arguments are not frivolous and are warranted by existing law or a good
      faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law.

The clerk will forward these documents to the chief judge of the circuit for

review to determine whether to permit the pro se appeal or other proceedings.

Without the chief judge’s approval, the matter will not proceed. If the chief judge

approves the submission, an order will be entered indicating that the matter shall

proceed in accordance with the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure and the

Tenth Circuit Rules. Of course, because of his three strikes, Mr. Cotner must also

prepay any relevant filing fees unless he makes the requisite showing under

§ 1915(g).

      Mr. Cotner will have thirty days from the date of this order and judgment to

file written objections, limited to ten pages, to these proposed restrictions. We

reject the legal arguments Mr. Cotner made in his response to our order to show

cause of September 19, 2001, and he shall not repeat those arguments, should he

choose to file objections. Unless this court orders otherwise upon review of any

objections, the restrictions shall take effect forty-five days from the date of this

                                          -8-
order and shall apply to any matter filed by Mr. Cotner with this court after that

time.

                                                     Entered for the Court

                                                     William J. Holloway, Jr.
                                                     Circuit Judge

                                         -9-