Court Opinion

ID: 4527580
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-04-21 21:00:36.167343+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:43:58.572678
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 21 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MICHAEL A. HARTSELL,                            No.    19-55379

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                3:16-cv-01094-LAB-LL
 v.

COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO; TRENTON                    MEMORANDUM*
STROH, San Diego County Deputy Sheriff,

                Defendants-Appellants,

and

DOES, 1-15,

                Defendant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Southern District of California
                  Larry A. Burns, Chief District Judge, Presiding

                Submitted, Submission Deferred March 31, 2020**
                           Resubmitted April 21, 2020
                              Pasadena, California

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
Before: MURGUIA and MILLER, Circuit Judges, and STEEH,*** District Judge.

      San Diego County Deputy Sheriff Trenton Stroh and the County of San

Diego appeal from the district court’s order denying in part their motion for

summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity in Michael Hartsell’s 42

U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging excessive force. We review the denial of qualified

immunity de novo. Act Up!/Portland v. Bagley, 988 F.2d 868, 871 (9th Cir. 1993).

We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      We consider two questions to determine whether a government official is

entitled to qualified immunity: (1) whether, “[t]aken in the light most favorable to

the party asserting the injury, . . . the facts alleged show the officer’s conduct

violated a constitutional right”; and (2) if so, “whether the right was clearly

established.” Saucier v. Katz, 533 U.S. 194, 201 (2001), overruled on other

grounds by Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 236–42 (2009).

      1.     Evaluating the force employed by Stroh against Hartsell through his

police canine under the standards articulated in Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386,

394–98 (1989), and Miller v. Clark County, 340 F.3d 959, 964 (9th Cir. 2003), we

conclude that, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Hartsell, a

reasonable factfinder could conclude that Stroh’s continued use of force became

      ***
             The Honorable George Caram Steeh III, United States District Judge
for the Eastern District of Michigan, sitting by designation.

                                           2
objectively unreasonable when Hartsell complied with instructions to show his

hands, emerged from the brush with the canine attached to his arm, and was within

the deputies’ control, if not sooner.

      2.     Moreover, preexisting law gave Stroh fair warning that it would be

unlawful to use a canine in a prolonged manner under circumstances such as those

alleged by Hartsell. In the particularized context of the use of police canines, we

held more than twenty years ago that “it was clearly established that excessive

duration of [a canine] bite [or] improper encouragement of a continuation of [an]

attack by officers could constitute excessive force that would be a constitutional

violation.” Watkins v. City of Oakland, 145 F.3d 1087, 1093 (9th Cir. 1998); see

also Mendoza v. Block, 27 F.3d 1357, 1362 (9th Cir. 1994) (citing, as an example

of excessive force, “a deputy sic[cing] a canine on a handcuffed arrestee who has

fully surrendered and is completely under control”).

      Accordingly, the district court properly denied qualified immunity in part.

      AFFIRMED.1

1
  Defendants-Appellants’ motion to dismiss the County of San Diego as a party to
this appeal is granted (Doc. 34).

                                          3