Court Opinion

ID: 4625589
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-21 02:57:29.62401+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:56:44.003956
License: Public Domain

Estate of Dick W. Paul, Deceased, the Florida National Bank of Jacksonville, Florida, Administrator, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, RespondentPaul v. CommissionerDocket Nos. 12891, 12892United States Tax Court11 T.C. 148; 1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114; August 5, 1948, Promulgated 1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114">*114 Decisions will be entered under Rule 50.  On June 12, 1944, the date of decedent's death, certain bonds were located in a safe deposit box rented in the name of decedent and another party.  Pursuant to a court order dated October 6, 1944, these bonds were impounded pending settlement of their ownership. Held, that petitioner had not the requisite control or command of the bonds to constitute its being in constructive receipt of the accrued interest on the bonds and possessed no election or option, the exercise of which would have enabled it to collect such interest.  S. Wayne Cahoon, for the petitioner.Newman A. Townsend, Jr., Esq., for the respondent.  Arundell, Judge.  ARUNDELL11 T.C. 148">*149  These cases, consolidated for trial and decision, involve deficiencies totaling $ 232.92 in individual Federal income and victory tax for the taxable1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114">*115  year 1943 and in income tax of $ 115.57 for the period June 12 to December 31, 1944, covering the period immediately subsequent to decedent's death.The following issues before the Court involve the respondent's treatment of certain income items in his determination of deficiencies: (1) Did the respondent properly increase the decedent's income in 1942 by the sum of $ 2,335.93 as "other income"?  (2) Did the respondent properly increase the decedent's income subject to surtax by the sums of $ 314.27 and $ 123 in 1942 and 1943, respectively?  (3) Did the petitioner constructively receive interest income of $ 502.50 during the period June 12 to December 31, 1944, from certain bonds, title to which was in dispute?The proceedings in Docket No. 12891 were dismissed, in so far as they contested a deficiency determined for the period January 1 to June 12, 1944, by an order of this Court dated March 5, 1947, for failure to properly prosecute.  A deficiency for that period was determined in the amount of $ 429.FINDINGS OF FACT.The Florida National Bank of Jacksonville, the petitioner herein, is the administrator of the estate of Dick W. Paul, who died on June 12, 1944.During 1942, 1943, 1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114">*116  and until June 12, 1944, Paul, hereinafter referred to as decedent, was a resident of St. Petersburg, Florida.  Income tax returns for the calendar years 1942 and 1943 were filed by Paul.  Returns for the taxable periods January 1 to June 12, 1944, and June 12 to December 31, 1944, were filed by the petitioner as administrator. All of these returns were filed with the collector of internal revenue for the district of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.Decedent was beneficiary of three trusts from which he received income during 1942 in the sum of $ 2,335.93.  No "income from fiduciaries" was disclosed by the decedent on his 1942 tax return. On his 1942 tax return he reported $ 3,296.43 as "income from dividends." He maintained during this year a trading account with a stockbroker and bought and sold stocks and bonds.In 1942 and 1943 decedent received income from U. S. bonds, subject to surtax only, in the sums of $ 314.27 and $ 123, respectively.At the time of Paul's death, the following bonds were located in a safe deposit box at the First National Bank of Tampa, Florida, which box was rented in the name of the decedent and "Mrs. Margaret M.  Shepard" (now Mrs. Margaret S. Weaver). 1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114">*117 3 $ 1,000 bonds of Maine Central R. R. Co.11 T.C. 148">*150  3 $ 1,000 bonds of Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis R. R. Co.5 $ 1,000 bonds of Atlantic Coast Line R. R. Co.3 $ 1,000 bonds of Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railway Co.5 $ 1,000 bonds of Southern Railway Co.5 $ 1,000 bonds of Illinois Central R. R. Co.After decedent's death, a controversy arose between the petitioner and Mrs. Weaver and Susie A. Moffatt relative to the ownership of the bonds.  Mrs. Weaver claimed the bonds listed above, with the exception of the Maine Central Railroad bonds, and those were claimed by Miss Moffatt.  Both claims were adverse to that of the petitioner as administrator of decedent's estate.By stipulation and pursuant to an order of Jack F. White, Judge, County Court of Pinellas County, Florida, in Probate, dated October 6, 1944, the safe deposit box at the First National Bank of Tampa was opened by counsel for petitioner and counsel for Mrs. Weaver and the contents of the box, including the bonds listed above, were removed to a safe deposit box at the Florida National Bank of St. Petersburg, Florida, for convenience and safekeeping pending settlement of ownership. The court 1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114">*118  order directed that the contents were to be kept "separate and apart from any of the assets of the said Dick Willard Paul until the further orders of this Court and to remain in said box until an adjudication of the rights of said parties * * *" and "that the contents of said box shall maintain the same status as if they were still in The First National Bank of Tampa, and said box shall not be opened or tampered with in any way by either of said parties without the consent of both of said parties or without the consent of this Court * * *." The bonds remained in this safe deposit box, which is maintained jointly by the petitioner and Mrs. Weaver, from the date of the order until the date upon which this case was heard.  From June 12 until December 31, 1944, interest in the sum of $ 502.50 accrued on these bonds, which interest was not reported by petitioner as income of decedent's estate in its income tax return for this period.  The interest coupons for this period are still on the bonds and petitioner has made no effort to actually collect such interest.On June 5, 1947, an action was instituted by the petitioner in the Circuit Court of the Sixth Judicial Circuit, Pinellas County, 1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114">*119 Florida, in Chancery, in which the court was asked to enter a declaratory decree determining the ownership of the bonds and other assets which were alleged to have been the property of the decedent at the time of his death.  A final order has not been entered and the case is still pending.OPINION.The first issue for determination is whether the respondent was correct in increasing decedent's income in 1942 by the 11 T.C. 148">*151  amount of $ 2,335.93 received by him in that year as beneficiary of three trusts.It is contended by the petitioner that such income was erroneously reported by the decedent on his 1942 return under the column "dividends," instead of, as it should have been, under "fiduciary income." On the basis of that explanation alone petitioner assigns as error respondent's increase of decedent's income for 1942 in the amount received from these trusts, alleging that increasing decedent's income in that amount results in his being taxed twice on the same income item.The record does not divulge what amounts decedent received as dividend income in 1942, but it does show that he bought and sold stocks through a broker in that year.  That no evidence could be produced to show1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114">*120  the dividends received in that year was conceded by petitioner at the trial.  Without some affirmative showing which would support petitioner's contention that such trust income was erroneously reported as dividend income, we have no alternative other than to sustain respondent's determination.The failure by petitioner to substantiate its assignments of error also disposes of the second issue herein.  Following the objection in its petition to respondent's including interest of $ 314.27 in 1942 and $ 123 in 1943, as subject to surtax only, no evidence relative to this issue was produced at the hearing and there was no discussion of this issue in petitioner's brief.  In view of petitioner's failure to meet the burden of proving the Commissioner's determination invalid, these issues must be resolved in favor of the respondent.  Helvering v. Taylor, 293 U.S. 507">293 U.S. 507; Hague Estate v. Commissioner, 132 Fed. (2d) 775.The final issue involved herein concerns the question of whether petitioner possessed such control over the bonds which had been impounded by court order pending the determination of a dispute of ownership 1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114">*121  between petitioner and other parties, as to constitute petitioner's being in constructive receipt of the interest accrued thereon from June 12 to December 31, 1944.The standards for determining the taxability of income from assets not in the possession of the taxpayer are treated in Treasury Regulations 111, section 29.42-2.  1 For a taxpayer to be in constructive receipt of income from assets not reduced to his possession, such income must be credited or set apart and made available to him so that it may be drawn upon at any time.  There can be no substantial limitation 11 T.C. 148">*152  or restriction as to the time or manner of payment or condition upon which payment is to be made.  Applying these principles to the facts in the instant case, it is our opinion that petitioner possessed no control over, or established right in, the impounded bonds and was effectively barred by the court order from collecting the interest on the bonds until such time as the ownership dispute might be settled in its favor.1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114">*122  The order of the County Court of Pinellas County, Florida, in preserving certain assets alleged to have been part of decedent's estate, including the bonds in question, is determinative of the issue of "constructive receipt." It stated (1) that the bonds are to remain "separate and apart from any of the assets * * * until the further orders of this Court"; (2) that the bonds are "to remain in said box until an adjudication of the rights of said parties * * *"; and (3) that "said box should not be opened or tampered with in any way * * * without the consent of both of said parties or without the consent of this Court * * *."We can not agree with respondent that this language accorded petitioner an "election" or "option" to collect the interest on these bonds, subject to a contingent liability to Mrs. Weaver and Miss Moffatt if the ownership dispute was decided in their favor.  The order directed that the box was not to be opened or tampered with without the consent of both parties, or the consent of the court.  These conditions certainly could not have been dissolved merely by petitioner's exercise of an option or election, as the order clearly imposed the obligation of obtaining 1948 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 114">*123  the adverse party's consent or the consent of the court.  It is impossible for us to believe that the county court, in view of its order restricting access to the box, would have allowed petitioner, without further proceedings, to remove the coupons and collect the interest.The definition of taxable income has been stated as income that is subject to a man's unfettered command and that he is free to enjoy at his own option, whether he sees fit to enjoy it or not.  Corliss v. Bowers, 281 U.S. 376">281 U.S. 376. As it is our conclusion that petitioner's command over decedent's bonds was not sufficient to sustain respondent's determination that it constructively received as income the interest thereon, petitioner's tax liability on this issue must await the disposition of the suit instituted and now pending for the purpose of settling the question of ownership.In view of the fact that in Docket No. 12891 the taxable years 1942 and 1943 are involved, effect should be given to the forgiveness features of the Current Tax Payment Act of 1943 in the recomputation of petitioner's tax liability.Decisions will be entered under Rule 50.  Footnotes1. Sec. 29.42-2.  Income Not Reduced to Possession.  -- Income which is credited to the account of or set apart for a taxpayer and which may be drawn upon by him at any time is subject to tax for the year during which so credited or set apart, although not then actually reduced to possession.  To constitute receipt in such a case the income must be credited or set apart to the taxpayer without any substantial limitation or restriction as to the time or manner of payment or condition upon which payment is to be made, and must be made available to him so that it may be drawn at any time, and its receipt brought within his own control and disposition.  * * *↩