Court Opinion

ID: 4244384
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-12 19:27:57.565763+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:43:21.714246
License: Public Domain

J-S74024-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                      v.                       :
                                               :
                                               :
    BRIAN MOUZONE                              :
                                               :
                Appellant                      :   No. 843 EDA 2017

            Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 1, 2016
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-51-CR-0009378-2015

BEFORE: BOWES, J., LAZARUS, J., and RANSOM, J.

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                           FILED FEBRUARY 12, 2018

        Brian Mouzone appeals from the judgment of sentence, entered in the

Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, following his conviction for

robbery,1 attempted theft by unlawful taking,2 possessing instruments of

crime (“PIC”),3 and simple assault.4 After review, we affirm.

        The trial court set forth the factual history of this case as follows:

        On August 31, 2015, at about 11:38 p.m., [] Attiq U. Zaman and
        Chugtai Karam were working inside a 7-[Eleven] convenience
        store located at 3359 Kensington Avenue in Philadelphia when
        [Mouzone] entered the store and went down one of the aisles
        where he lingered a short while. [Mouzone] then walked up to the
____________________________________________

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701.

2   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702.

3   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 907.

4   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2701.
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      store’s checkout counter where he ordered [Karam], who was
      standing by [] one of the store’s cash register[s], to, “Give it up.”
      [Mouzone] had his hand inside of a bag and pointed the bag
      covered hand at both Zaman and Karam, which worried Zaman
      because he believed that [Mouzone] had a gun or an explosive
      inside the bag. [Mouzone] then told Zaman, who was standing
      next to a second cash register, to “Give it up.” Zaman believed
      that [Mouzone] was asking him and Karam to surrender the
      money in the register.

      In response to [Mouzon’s] actions, Karam picked up a stick kept
      behind the counter and Zaman backed away from the register and
      began dialing 911. As Zaman was attempting to contact the
      police, [Mouzone] began walking toward the exit where he was
      intercepted by Philadelphia Police Officers [] [Layton] and []
      Ballinger, who had been across the street at the time and walked
      over to the store after someone approached them. When the
      officers approached the store[,] they unholstered their service
      revolvers and aimed them at [Mouzone], who immediately
      surrendered after complying with the officers’ directive that he
      drop the bag, which he was still holding.

      [Mouzone] testified in his own defense[,] stating that when he
      entered the store he was under the influence and intended to steal
      something to eat. However, when the clerks in the store said
      something he believed to be demeaning he began arguing with
      them. [Mouzone] denied saying, “Give it up[,]” and stated that
      he actually stated, “What’s up?” which, according to [Mouzone]
      was misinterpreted by [Zaman]. He denied that he entered the
      store with the intention to commit robbery.

Trial Court Opinion, 5/15/17, at 2-3 (quotations and citations to record

omitted).

      On December 1, 2016, following a waiver trial, the trial court found

Mouzone guilty of all of the foregoing charges.         On February 10, 2016,

following the denial of Mouzone’s motion for extraordinary relief, the trial court

imposed an aggregate sentence of four to ten years’ imprisonment plus a

concurrent term of five years’ probation.       Mouzone filed a post-sentence

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motion for reconsideration of sentence, which the trial court denied on

February 24, 2017.     On March 6, 2017, Mouzone timely appealed.             Both

Mouzone and the trial court have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. On appeal,

Mouzone raises challenges the sufficiency and weight of the evidence as to his

robbery charge only.

      Mouzone first claims that the evidence was insufficient to establish a

conviction for robbery. Specifically, Mouzone avers that he never asked either

of the clerks to “give it up,” but rather, attempted to engage in a physical

confrontation without weapons with the clerks and stated, “What’s up?”

Mouzone argues that the clerks’ poor English caused this misunderstanding.

      The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of
      the evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial
      in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there
      is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every
      element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying the
      above test, we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our
      judgment for the fact-finder. In addition, we note that the facts
      and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not
      preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
      defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the
      evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
      probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
      circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of
      proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by
      means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying
      the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all
      evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the
      [finder] of fact, while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and
      the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or
      none of the evidence.

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Commonwealth v. Valentine, 101 A.3d 801, 805 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(brackets omitted), quoting Commonwealth v. Devine, 26 A.3d 1139, 1145

(Pa. Super. 2011).

     The robbery statute provides, in relevant part, as follows:

     § 3701. Robbery

     (a) Offense defined.--

     (1) A person is guilty of robbery if, in the course of committing a
     theft, he:

           (i) inflicts serious bodily injury upon another;

           (ii) threatens another with or intentionally puts him in fear
           of immediate serious bodily injury;

           (iii) commits or threatens immediately to commit any felony
           of the first or second degree;

           (iv) inflicts bodily injury upon another or threatens
           another with or intentionally puts him in fear of
           immediate bodily injury;

           (v) physically takes or removes property from the person of
           another by force however slight; or

           (vi) takes or removes the money of a financial institution
           without the permission of the financial institution by making
           a demand of an employee of the financial institution orally
           or in writing with the intent to deprive the financial
           institution thereof.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701 (emphasis added). Taking from the person of the victim

is not required throughout the robbery statutes.          Commonwealth v.

Brandon, 79 A.3d 1192, 1195 (Pa. Super. 2013), citing Commonwealth v.

Lloyd, 545 A.2d 890, 892 (Pa. Super. 1988) (jury could find “that appellant

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committed robbery even though he was unsuccessful in obtaining the victim’s

money”). Additionally, where a defendant threatens a victim with what he

intends the victim to believe is a gun, the evidence is sufficient to sustain a

robbery conviction based on a finding that the defendant intended to put the

victim in fear of serious bodily injury. Commonwealth v. Hurd, 407 A.2d

418, 420 (Pa. Super. 1979).

       Mouzone, admittedly, entered the          7-Eleven with the intent of

committing theft. See N.T. Waiver Trial, 11/30/16, at 50 (“Q. What were you

going to do in the 7-Eleven? A: I was going to steal.”). After entering the 7-

Eleven, Mouzone simulated possessing a dangerous weapon by placing his

hand in a bag and pointing it at the 7-Eleven clerks. Hurd, supra. At trial,

Zaman stated that he thought Mouzone had “some gun or some sort of

explosive in the bag which he had in his hand,” which “made [him] scared to

move backwards.”5 N.T. Waiver Trial, 11/30/16, at 19. Mouzone repeatedly

demanded that the 7-Eleven clerks “give it up.” The clerks interpreted this to

mean that Mouzone was asking them to give him the money in the register.

The clerks refused Mouzone’s demands, and when Zaman called 911, Mouzone

attempted to flee before police officers apprehended him inside of the store.

Based upon the foregoing, sufficient evidence supported Mouzone’s conviction

____________________________________________

5 Police recovered no firearm or weapon from the scene, and there is no
indication from the record or otherwise that Mouzone ever possessed a firearm
or weapon. The record indicates that Mouzone simply placed an opaque bag
over his hand and pantomimed possessing a weapon.

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for robbery, even in light of the fact that Mouzone’s robbery attempt was

fruitless. See Hurd, supra; Brandon, supra.

      Mouzoune next challenges the weight of the evidence, asserting that the

verdict shocks the conscience because he did not say, “Give it up,” but rather,

“What’s up?” Mouzone’s argument hinges on whether or not the trial court

found credible his testimony that Zaman’s understanding of spoken English is

imperfect, and thus, the 7-Eleven clerks misunderstood what he claims to

have said and his true intentions.

      We review a weight of the evidence claim according to the following

standard:

      A claim alleging the verdict was against the weight of
      the evidence is addressed to the discretion of the trial court.
      Accordingly, an appellate court reviews the exercise of the trial
      court’s discretion; it does not answer for itself whether the verdict
      was against the weight of the evidence. It is well settled that the
      [fact-finder] is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence
      and to determine the credibility of the witnesses, and a new trial
      based on a weight of the evidence claim is only warranted where
      the [fact-finder’s] verdict is so contrary to the evidence that it
      shocks one's sense of justice. In determining whether this
      standard has been met, appellate review is limited to whether the
      trial judge’s discretion was properly exercised, and relief will only
      be granted where the facts and inferences of record disclose a
      palpable abuse of discretion.

Commonwealth v. Karns, 50 A.3d 158, 165 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation

omitted).

      The trial court determined that Zaman’s testimony was credible and that

of Mouzone not worthy of belief. This was, in part, because a video recording

of the incident corroborated Zaman’s testimony, and Zaman convinced the

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trial court that his understanding of spoken English was proficient.

Specifically, Zaman exhibited spoken English proficiency when he testified at

a preliminary hearing in English and Zaman informed the trial court that he

was educated in the United States. The trial court found Zaman understood

spoken English and that his testimony that Mouzone stated, “Give it up” was

credible.6 See Commonwealth v. Cousar, 928 A.2d 1025, 1036 (Pa. 2007)

(rejecting challenge to weight of evidence on basis of witness credibility where

fact-finder credited testimony of witnesses who had been subjected to cross-

examination). Moreover, Mouzone’s pantomiming of holding a weapon or gun

in his hand underneath the bag does not require an understanding of the

English language, and thus, his understanding of spoken English was not

necessary for the Commonwealth to prove robbery beyond a reasonable

doubt. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding the weight of the

evidence supported a conviction for robbery. Karns, supra.

       Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/12/18
____________________________________________

6Zaman’s coworker, the other clerk in the 7-Eleven at the time of the robbery,
did not testify at Mouzone’s waiver trial.

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