Court Opinion

ID: 3021751
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:25:22.653183+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:47:30.223050
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                           FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                   ___________

                                   No. 98-2503
                                   ___________

Martin Lindstedt,                      *
                                       *
            Appellant,                 *
                                       *
     v.                                * Appeal from the United States
                                       * District Court for the
Missouri Libertarian Party; Rebecca    * Western District of Missouri
M. Cook; James Givens; State of        *
Missouri,                              *     [TO BE PUBLISHED]
                                       *
            Appellees.                 *
                                  ___________

                          Submitted: October 30, 1998

                               Filed: November 18, 1998
                                   ___________

Before McMILLIAN, RICHARD S. ARNOLD, and MORRIS SHEPPARD
      ARNOLD, Circuit Judges.
                              ___________

PER CURIAM.

      Martin Lindstedt appeals from the final order entered in the District Court1 for
the Western District of Missouri granting summary judgment in favor of the Missouri
Libertarian Party (Libertarian Party) and the State of Missouri and the Secretary of

      1
      The Honorable D. Brook Bartlett, Chief Judge, United States District Court for
the Western District of Missouri.
State, Rebecca Cook (the State defendants). For the reasons discussed below, we
affirm the judgment of the district court.

        Lindstedt alleged that the Libertarian Party refused to waive or refund the $200
filing fee required for a place on the 1996 gubernatorial primary ballot, tried to prevent
him from running, and later passed and implemented a “bill of attainder” in an attempt
to remove him from his positions within the Libertarian Party, in violation of 42 U.S.C.
§§ 1983 and 1985(3). Lindstedt further alleged that the Secretary of State&s office
refused to file his candidacy for governor because he had not paid the filing fee provided
for in Mo. Rev. Stat. § 115.357 (1994); Lindstedt later obtained a loan, paid the $200
filing fee, and was allowed to file. Lindstedt sought a ruling on the constitutionality of
§ 115.357. The district court granted the Libertarian Party&s and the State defendants&
separate motions for summary judgment.

       We review a grant of summary judgment de novo. See Dulany v. Carnahan, 132
F.3d 1234, 1237 (8th Cir. 1997) (standard of review). To succeed in his § 1983 claims,
Lindstedt had to show the Libertarian Party&s actions were taken under color of state
law, resulting in a deprivation of rights secured by the Constitution or federal law. See
Brouhard v. Lee, 125 F.3d 656, 659 (8th Cir. 1997). We conclude that Lindstedt did
not point to any facts showing the Libertarian Party was acting under color of state law
when it refused to refund his $200 or when it acted to expel him from his positions
within the Libertarian Party. See Johnson v. Knowles, 113 F.3d 1114, 1120 (9th Cir.)
(county Republican Central Committee was not government actor because nothing tied
state to particular decision to expel two members because of their sexual orientation),
cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 559 (1997); Banchy v. Republican Party, 898 F.2d 1192, 1195
(6th Cir. 1990) (party did not act under color of state law in precluding members from
voting in internal election for ward chairman). We also conclude that Lindstedt failed
to show that some racial or other class-based invidiously discriminatory animus lay
behind the Libertarian Party&s decision to expel him from the organization and to refuse
to refund his filing fee. See 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3); Bray v. Alexandria Women&s Health

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Clinic, 506 U.S. 263, 268 (1993); Larson ex rel. Larson v. Miller, 76 F.3d 1446, 1454
(8th Cir. 1996) (en banc) (elements of § 1985(3) action).

        Under Missouri law, a person who cannot pay the $200 fee to be a candidate for
governor may have the fee waived by filing a declaration of inability to pay and a
petition signed by the number of registered voters in the state equal to at least one-half
of one percent of the total number of votes cast in the state for governor at the last
election. See Mo. Rev. Stat. § 115.357.1-3 (1994). After reviewing the Missouri
statute, we believe it provides a constitutionally adequate alternative means of ballot
access to indigent candidates who cannot pay filing fees, without acting as an
unreasonable barrier to an indigent&s right to run for office. See Lubin v. Panish, 415
U.S. 709, 718 (1974); cf. Green v. Mortham, 155 F.3d 1332, 1337-38 (11th Cir. 1998)
(petition requiring signatures of 3% (4,077 voters) of registered voters in congressional
district to appear on party primary ballot was reasonable); Andress v. Reed, 880 F.2d
239, 240, 242 (9th Cir. 1989) (upholding as reasonable requirement that candidate
obtain 10,000 signatures before being placed on ballot for office of U.S. Senator on
Democratic ticket).

      Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district court.

      A true copy.

             Attest:

                   CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

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