Court Opinion

ID: 3117231
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 07:49:49.477752+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:52:53.901625
License: Public Domain

Opinion issued June 20, 2013.

                                      In The

                              Court of Appeals
                                     For The

                          First District of Texas
                          ————————————
                              NO. 01-12-00047-CV
                            ———————————
     MOODY NATIONAL BUFFALO SPEEDWAY MT, L.P., Appellant
                                        V.
                    SIRIUS SOLUTIONS, LLLP, Appellee

                   On Appeal from the 152nd District Court
                            Harris County, Texas
                      Trial Court Case No. 2009-38998

                          MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Moody National Buffalo Speedway MT, L.P., the landlord in this dispute,

appeals a judgment ordering that it take nothing on its claims for breach of a lease

and awarding Sirius Solutions, LLLP, the tenant, actual damages of $56,278.11 on
its counterclaim for breach of the same lease, plus attorney’s fees, pre- and post-

judgment interest, and costs.

      Hurricane Ike damaged the leased premises during the last year of the

parties’ multi-year lease. Within days, Sirius moved to a temporary office space,

and the parties agreed that Sirius’s duty to pay rent for the damaged office space

was abated. This dispute is about whether Moody’s subsequent repair of the

damage caused by Hurricane Ike triggered Sirius’s obligation to resume paying

rent for the remainder of the lease’s term.

      Sirius refused to pay, the lease terminated, and Moody withheld Sirius’s

deposits and other advance payments and sued for the balance it claimed was due.

Sirius countersued for the return of its deposits and other advance payments. After

a bench trial, the trial court rendered a take nothing judgment on Moody’s claims

and awarded Sirius $56,278.11 in actual damages, $135,000 in attorney’s fees and

costs, conditional attorney’s fees on appeal, and interest.    On appeal, Moody

asserts the trial court’s findings of fact are legally erroneous and legally and

factually insufficient to support its conclusions of law.

      We affirm.

                                    Background

      Sirius is a business consulting firm. It leased office space from Moody in an

eleven-story building at 3700 Buffalo Speedway in Houston. Sirius leased the

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entire eleventh floor, most of the tenth floor, and a small space on the third floor.

The parties’ multi-year lease was to expire on July 31, 2009. Before Hurricane Ike

struck in September 2008, the parties were already negotiating a possible extension

of the lease. But Sirius was also exploring the possibility of relocating after the

lease expired.

      Hurricane Ike struck on September 13, 2008. It damaged the roof of 3700

Buffalo Speedway, rendering Sirius’s office space uninhabitable. Sirius was able

to quickly lease temporary space in a building owned by a Moody affiliate. The

parties agreed that, under the terms of the lease, Sirius’s obligation to pay rent for

the damaged office space was abated to the extent the making of the repairs

interfered with Sirius’s business. However, they ultimately sued one another over

whether and when Moody’s repair of the space triggered Sirius’s obligation to

resume paying rent for the remainder of the lease’s term.

      The lease expressly addressed the parties’ obligations in the event of a

partial destruction of the building. Under section 20.1, Moody was obligated to

repair a partial destruction “within 60 days from receipt of [insurance proceeds]”

or, if the repairs could not be made within 60 days, Moody, at its option, could

make the repairs “within a reasonable time.” The lease expressly provided that a

partial destruction of the building would not terminate the lease; however, it would

entitle Sirius to a “proportionate reduction of rent while such repairs are being

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made, based upon the extent to which the making of such repairs shall interfere

with the business of [Sirius] on the Premises.”

      Moody and Sirius presented sharply contrasting accounts of what happened

after Ike.   Stephen Woods, the vice president of Moody’s commercial office

division, stated that the repairs to Sirius’s leased space were completed by April 1,

2009, and that, as of that date, Sirius was both free to move back into the space and

obligated to pay rent for the last four months of the lease’s term. According to

Moody, when Sirius refused to pay, Moody was justified in retaining Sirius’s

deposits and advance payments and in bringing suit for the balance of the unpaid

rent and late charges.

      To support this contention, Moody’s construction expert relied on

certificates of substantial completion dated March 27 and April 1, within eight

weeks of the date construction began. He also testified that the eight weeks it took

to rebuild Sirius’s space was “reasonable and normal” and, considering the

circumstances in Houston at the time, “probably better than normal[,] honestly.”

      While Moody acknowledged that tenants other than Sirius had their spaces

rebuilt earlier, Woods attributed the delay in repairing Sirius’s space to Sirius.

Woods testified that Sirius informed Moody by email that “[t]he optimal rebuild

for Sirius Solutions would include modifications from their former conditions” and

that rebuilding to the pre-Ike condition “would likely prompt a move next summer

                                         4
when [Sirius’s] lease expires.”         Woods testified that, based on these

communications, he understood that Sirius did not want its space rebuilt to the

exact configuration that existed before Ike. But, according to Woods, Sirius would

not communicate its wishes to Moody to allow Moody to complete the repairs to

Sirius’s satisfaction. Woods stated that Moody finally decided to move forward

with the repairs without Sirius’s input. Due to Sirius’s delay, Moody was not able

to meet its anticipated goal of substantial completion by February 1, 2009. Instead,

it was February 3, 2009 before the construction permits for Sirius’s space were

issued.

      Sirius painted a different picture. Its CEO, Kristi Chickering, testified that

no one from Moody ever asked for Sirius’s input in the rebuilding process. She

said Woods told her that Moody would rebuild the space to its pre-Ike

configuration, adding that use of the same layout would speed up the process

because it would eliminate the need for building permits. Chickering’s testimony

in this regard was consistent with a November 21 email from Woods: “Today I

gave the contractor permission to start build back of the 10th and 11th floors to the

same specifications that they were prior to Hurricane Ike.”

      Chickering also testified that Moody did not notify Sirius in advance that the

space was repaired and ready for move-in on April 1. Instead, according to

Chickering, Sirius’s first notice that the space was ready came in form of a late rent

                                          5
payment notice dated April 14. Chickering and another Sirius employee visited

3700 Buffalo Speedway shortly after receiving that notice. Chickering testified

that, during that April visit, Sirius’s space was designated a hard-hat area and

construction workers were still active on the tenth and eleventh floors. She also

said wires and cables were hanging from the ceiling, and a dumpster was collecting

leaking water. Chickering stated the space was not ready for Sirius to return and

that Sirius could not use the space to conduct its business at that time.

Documentary evidence supports Chickering’s testimony: the Certificates of

Occupancy for various portions of Sirius’s space, without which a tenant is

prohibited from occupying a space, were not issued until May 15, May 20, and

June 23, 2009.

      Chickering also testified that Moody rebuilt Sirius’s space in a manner that

made it unacceptable to Sirius. Sirius is a consulting firm. Its employees require

private offices in which they can conduct confidential meetings.           Sirius also

requires conference rooms to accommodate larger meetings and reception areas for

client visits, which are frequent. Chickering testified that Sirius conducts litigation

consulting services and, in order for its employees to render proper expert witness

services, Sirius needs to be able to keep certain documents on a secure server,

separate from other documents. Thus, Sirius needed two server rooms.

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      It is undisputed that Moody did not rebuild Sirius’s space to its pre-Ike

configuration. Moody reduced the number of rooms on the eleventh floor from

fifty to thirty-eight and on the tenth from fourteen to seven. The reception area on

the eleventh floor was removed, as was a training room. Sirius had two server

rooms before Ike; after the repairs, it had only one. For the most part, Moody

sought to justify these changes as a middle ground between returning the space to

its pre-Ike condition and incorporating the draft plans it received from Sirius in

November. However, Woods testified that the removal of the reception area was a

mistake: Moody “literally forgot to design the reception space back into the 11th

Floor.” Similarly, with respect to the reduction in the number of server rooms

from two to one, Woods testified that he did not know there were two; he thought

there was only one.

      The trial court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law. Its findings

state that Moody did not “return the Leased Premises to the same specification as

prior to the destruction” and that Moody’s failure to do so impaired “Sirius’s

ability to run its business in the Leased Premises.” The trial court accordingly

concluded that Sirius did not breach the lease by failing to pay rent during the last

four months of the term of the lease, and, instead, Moody breached the lease by

failing to return $56,278.11 in deposits and other payments. It entered judgment

                                         7
that Moody take nothing on its claim for unpaid rent and awarded Sirius the return

of its deposit and other advance payments, plus attorney’s fees, interest, and costs.

                                     Discussion

      Moody contends the trial court erred in rendering judgment for Sirius and

against Moody because the trial court’s “findings of fact are legally erroneous and

legally and factually insufficient to support its conclusions of law.”

A.    Standard of Review

      In an appeal from a bench trial, we review a trial court’s conclusions of law

de novo. Zenner v. Lone Star Striping & Paving, L.L.C., 371 S.W.3d 311, 314

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. denied) (citing BMC Software Belgium,

N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 794 (Tex. 2002)).              We will uphold the

conclusions on appeal if the judgment can be sustained on any legal theory

supported by the evidence. Id. at 314–15. A trial court’s conclusions of law may

not be challenged for factual sufficiency of the evidence, but we may review the

legal conclusions drawn from the facts to determine their correctness. Id. at 314.

      In an appeal from a bench trial, the trial court’s findings of fact have the

same weight as a jury verdict. Catalina v. Blasdel, 881 S.W.2d 295, 297 (Tex.

1994); Nguyen v. Yovan, 317 S.W.3d 261, 269–70 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]

2009, pet. denied). We review a trial court’s findings of fact under the same legal

and factual sufficiency of the evidence standards used when determining whether

                                          8
sufficient evidence exists to support an answer to a jury question. Catalina, 881
S.W.2d at 297; Nguyen, 317 S.W.3d at 270.

      The test for legal sufficiency is “whether the evidence at trial would enable

reasonable and fair-minded people to reach the verdict under review.” City of

Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 827 (Tex. 2005). In making this determination,

we credit evidence favoring the jury verdict if reasonable jurors could and

disregard contrary evidence unless reasonable jurors could not. Id. at 822. The

trier of fact is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to

give their testimony. Id. at 819. Although we consider the evidence in the light

most favorable to the challenged findings, indulging every reasonable inference

that supports them, we may not disregard evidence that allows only one inference.

Id. at 822.

      In reviewing a factual sufficiency point, we consider all the evidence

supporting and contradicting the finding. Plas–Tex, Inc. v. U.S. Steel Corp., 772
S.W.2d 442, 445 (Tex. 1989). We set aside the verdict only if the finding is so

contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and

unjust. Pitts & Collard, L.L.P. v. Schechter, 369 S.W.3d 301, 312 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no pet.) (citing Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176 (Tex.

1986)). The trial court, as finder of fact, is the sole judge of the credibility of the

witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Salomon v. Lesay, 369

                                          9
S.W.3d 540, 549 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, no pet.). The fact finder

may believe or disbelieve the testimony of a witness, in whole or in part, and it

may resolve any inconsistencies in a witness’s testimony. Id.

B.    Sirius’s Duty to Pay Rent was Abated While Repairs Interfered with its
      Business

      Moody contends the Lease did not require Moody to restore Sirius’s space to

its pre-Ike configuration, and, therefore, the trial court erred in concluding that

Moody’s failure to do so constitutes a breach of the lease. Sirius responds that the

trial court properly rejected Moody’s contract claim because the lease did not

require Sirius to pay rent for a space it could not use. We agree with Sirius.

      Section 20.1 of the lease provided that Sirius “shall be entitled to a

proportionate reduction of rent while such repairs are being made, based upon the

extent to which the making of such repairs shall interfere with the business of

[Sirius] on the Premises.”1 The parties advance different definitions of the term

1
      In its entirety, section 20.1 provides:

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“repair” and disagree about whether the use of the term obligated Moody to restore

the space to its exact pre-Ike specifications. We need not address these competing

definitions, however, because the plain language of the lease makes clear that the

parties agreed that Sirius had no obligation to pay rent while the repairs were being

made, to the extent the repairs prevented Sirius from using the space to operate its

business. Put differently, Sirius’s obligation to resume paying rent would begin

only when the making of the repairs no longer interfered with its business on the

premises.

      The trial court made several relevant findings of fact. The trial court found

that “Moody significantly and materially altered the specifications of the Leased

Premises” and “failed to return the Leased Premises to the same specification.” It

is undisputed that Moody altered Sirius’s space by, among other things, decreasing

             20.1. Partial Destruction: In the event of a partial destruction of the
             Premises during the term hereof, from any cause covered by
             insurance, Landlord must repair the same to the extent insurance
             proceeds are received by Landlord for such repairs, and within 60
             days from receipt of such proceeds under then existing governmental
             laws and regulations. Such partial destruction shall not terminate this
             Lease and Tenant shall be entitled to a proportionate reduction of
             rent while such repairs are being made, based upon the extent to
             which the making of such repairs shall interfere with the business of
             Tenant on the Premises. If such repairs cannot be made within said
             60 day period, Landlord, at its option, may make the repairs within a
             reasonable time. If Landlord elects to make said repairs, this Lease
             will continue in effect and the rent will be proportionately abated as
             stated above. If the repairs cannot be made within 60 days from
             receipt of insurance proceeds by Landlord, and Landlord elects not
             to make said repairs, this Lease may be terminated at the option of
             either party.
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the amount of floor space, eliminating the reception area, reducing the number and

size of offices, and giving a small portion of the space to another tenant without

Sirius’s consent, knowledge, or approval. Viewed in the light most favorable to

the verdict, the evidence supports the trial court’s finding concerning alteration of

Sirius’s space. See City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 822. And, although Moody

disputes the reason it altered the Sirius’s space, it does not dispute the fact of

alteration. Because the evidence is undisputed, the trial court’s finding is not “so

contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and

unjust.” See Cain, 709 S.W.2d at 176; Pitts & Collard, L.L.P., 369 S.W.3d at 312.

We therefore conclude that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to

support this finding.

      The trial court also found that the space, as repaired by Moody, was

“unusable” by Sirius. Chickering testified that Sirius required numerous private

offices, conference rooms, and a separate, secure server room to carry out its

normal business. She also testified that the changes Moody made to the space

rendered it unusable for Sirius’s business. Chickering’s testimony was undisputed.

This undisputed evidence supports the trial court’s finding that Sirius’s space was

not usable; thus, the finding is not against the overwhelming weight of the

evidence. See City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 822; Pitts & Collard, L.L.P., 369
12
S.W.3d at 312.     Therefore, we conclude that legally and factually sufficient

evidence supports this finding.

      The parties agree that Sirius’s duty to pay rent was abated while repairs of

its space interfered with its ability to conduct its business. The findings above

show that Sirius was unable to conduct its business—or that, in terms of the lease,

the repairs interfered with Sirius’s ability to conduct its business—throughout the

remainder of the lease’s term. It therefore follows that Sirius’s obligation to pay

rent remained abated for the remainder of the lease’s term. Because it had no

contractual obligation to pay rent, Sirius did not breach the lease by failing to pay

rent. See Dorsett v. Cross, 106 S.W.3d 213, 217 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]

2003, pet. denied) (“A breach occurs when a party fails or refuses to do something

he has promised to do.”); see also Enron Oil & Gas Co. v. Joffrion, 116 S.W.3d
215, 221 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2003, no pet.) (“It should go without saying that a

breach [of contract] is determined by comparing the terms of a contract with the

actions of the alleged breaching party.”).      The trial court reached this same

conclusion, stating, “Sirius did not breach the Lease Agreement.”

      In conclusion, viewed in the light most favorable to the judgment, the

evidence supports the trial court’s findings that Moody failed to provide a space

that Sirius could use to operate its business. Therefore, the lease, which obligated

Sirius to pay rent only to the extent such repairs did not interfere with the business

                                         13
of Sirius, did not require Sirius to resume paying rent. Accordingly, we hold that

the trial court did not err by concluding that Sirius did not breach the lease by

failing to pay the rent Moody claimed was due beginning in April 2009.

C.    Moody Breached by Withholding Advance Payments

      Moody also challenges the trial court’s conclusion that Moody breached the

lease by withholding advanced payments made by Sirius. Moody’s argument is

premised on Sirius having breached the lease by failing to pay rent for the months

of April through July of 2009. We have concluded that the evidence supports the

trial court’s findings and conclusions that Sirius was not obligated to resume

paying rent during this period and, therefore, did not breach the lease. Because we

have rejected the premise for Moody’s argument, we overrule this argument.

D.    Moody’s Other Arguments for Reversal

      Moody raises a number of other challenges to the trial court’s judgment.

Moody challenges the trial court’s findings and conclusions that Moody: (1) did

not timely repair the space, (2) repudiated the Lease, and (3) caused the

consideration to fail. Each of these is an alternative basis to support the trial

court’s judgment. Because we determine the trial court properly concluded Sirius

did not breach the lease by failing to pay rent and Moody did breach by failing to

return Sirius’s advance payments, the trial court’s judgment can be upheld on that

basis. Accordingly, we need not address these issues. See Ginther v. Taub, 675

                                        14
S.W.2d 724, 725 (Tex. 1984) (declining to address other issues after deciding

independent ground existed for supporting judgment); Reinhardt v. Walker, No.

14-07-00304-CV, 2008 WL 2390482, at *5 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] June

12, 2008, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (declining to address challenges to trial court’s

findings providing alternative basis for judgment); Satterfield v. Vess, No. 2-04-

287-CV, 2005 WL 1838978, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Aug. 4, 2005, no pet.)

(mem. op.) (declining to address challenge to one of trial court’s conclusions of

law after overruling challenges to other conclusions that independently supported

judgment); cf., e.g., Humane Soc’y of Dallas v. The Dallas Morning News L.P.,

180 S.W.3d 921, 923 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, no pet.) (citing Star–Telegram,

Inc. v. Doe, 915 S.W.2d 471, 473 (Tex. 1995)) (explaining that where trial court

does not specify basis for summary judgment, appellant must show each

independent ground for judgment is insufficient in order to prevail on appeal).

                                    Conclusion

      We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                              Rebeca Huddle
                                              Justice

Panel consists of Justices Keyes, Sharp, and Huddle.

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