Court Opinion

ID: 2715541
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-08-06 17:24:52.026148+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:14:11.299758
License: Public Domain

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      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

IN RE CUSTODY OF
N.J.R.S.:                                        No. 71648-4-1

RONALD AND JOYE ROSS,
                                                 DIVISION ONE
                      Respondents,

          V.

DONALD SCOTT,                                    UNPUBLISHED OPINION

                      Appellant.                 FILED: June 9. 2014

          Spearman, C.J. — This case arises from an ongoing dispute over

visitation of N.J.R.S., a minor child, between the child's father, Donald Scott, and

maternal grandparents, Ronald and Joy Ross. The superior court for Deschutes

County, Oregon entered an order granting visitation to the grandparents. Scott,

who is a resident of Washington, refused to comply with the order on the grounds

that the Oregon court lacked jurisdiction over the matter. The Oregon court held

Scott in contempt, ordering him to resume the visitation schedule and pay

monetary sanctions. The grandparents successfully moved the superior court for

Kitsap County, Washington to give full faith and credit to the Oregon orders. We

affirm.
No. 71648-4-1/2

                                       FACTS

       In 2004, Donald Scott and Richelle Ross filed for dissolution in the

Superior Courtfor Deschutes County, Oregon. On January 1, 2008, the Oregon

court entered a final order in the dissolution case. The court granted the couple

joint custody oftheir child, N.J.R.S., with physical custody to remain with the
child's mother.

       N.J.R.S. lived with her mother in Oregon until September 23, 2009, when

her mother passed away unexpectedly. The child's maternal grandparents,
Ronald and Joy Ross, assumed custody. The next day, the grandparents filed for
intervener status in the dissolution action and petitioned the court for custody or

visitation of N.J.R.S. Meanwhile, Scott, who lived in Washington, moved the

Oregon court for a writ of assistance in obtaining custody of N.J.R.S. from her
grandparents.

       On September 28, 2009, the Oregon court ordered the grandparents to
relinquish N.J.R.S. to Scott and recognized his "sole and exclusive custody."
Clerk's Papers (CP) at 132-33. The next day, N.J.R.S. moved to her father's
home in Washington, where she has lived ever since.
       On March 9, 2010, the grandparents filed a motion for temporary visitation
in the Oregon court. In response to this motion, Scott raised a challenge to the
Oregon court's jurisdiction. The Oregon court acknowledged that both Scott and
 N.J.R.S. lived in Washington, but concluded it had jurisdiction over the matter
 stating that, "once Oregon makes a ruling regarding a child Oregon has
 jurisdiction over the child until that child turns 18 no matter where the child or her
No. 71648-4-1/3

parents reside . . ."1 CP at 65. The court granted the grandparents' motion for

temporary visitation on July 12, 2010. A final order granting the grandparents'

request for visitation was entered on December 6, 2010.

       Scott did not file an appeal or seek to invalidate this order in the Oregon

courts. Instead, he sought relief from the Superior Court for Kitsap County,

Washington. On April 18, 2011, he filed a motion for modification of the Oregon

visitation order. The Kitsap County court denied this motion. Scott and his wife

also filed for a stepparent adoption in Washington, apparently in an attempt to

sever the grandparents' familial ties to N.J.R.S. The adoption was granted the

same day.

       Meanwhile, Scott had not fully complied with the visitation and telephone

contact schedule ordered by the Oregon court. On December 13, 2011, the

Oregon court found Scott in contempt for noncompliance with its December 6,

2010 visitation order.

       On June 5, 2012, the grandparents petitioned the Kitsap County court to

enforce the Oregon visitation and contempt orders. In response, Scott renewed
his argument that the Oregon court lacked jurisdiction over custody
determinations involving N.J.R.S., arguing that Washington courts need not give

full faith and credit to the Oregon orders. On October 26, 2012, Kitsap County
Superior Court issued a memorandum opinion on the issue of enforcement of the
Oregon contempt order. In the opinion, the court determined that Oregon had
        1This representation ofthe Oregon court's ruling is quoted from Scott's declaration in
        1

response to the grandparent's motion for contempt in the Kitsap County Superior Court. Our
record does notcontain a transcript or otherdocumentation ofthis ruling, however the parties are
in agreement as to its substance.
No. 71648-4-1/4

retained jurisdiction over N.J.R.S.'s custody determinations under the Uniform

Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA) based on Scott and

N.J.R.S.'s ties to the state of Oregon.

       On January 3, 2013, Kitsap County Superior Court entered an order,

which incorporated the memorandum opinion by reference and gave full faith and

credit to the Oregon court orders. Scott appeals.

                                   DISCUSSION

                                    Jurisdiction

       Scott argues that the Kitsap County Superior Court erred in giving full faith

and credit to the Oregon visitation and contempt orders because Oregon did not

have jurisdiction over the matter. Jurisdiction in this case is governed by the
UCCJEA, as codified by the Washington and Oregon legislatures. RCW 26.27 et

seq; O.R.S. § 109.701 et seq. As cited herein, provisions ofthe UCCJEA are
identical in the Washington and Oregon codes.

       Whether a superior court has the authority pursuant to the UCCJEA to

exercise its jurisdiction is a mixed question of law and fact: appellate courts defer
to the superior court's unchallenged factual findings, but review de novo its legal
conclusions. And we review de novo issues of statutory interpretation. In re

Marriage of McDermott. 175 Wn. App. 467, 307 P.3d 717. review denied 179

Wn.2d 1004, 315 P.3d 530 (2013).

       The Washington State Supreme Court has described the UCCJEA as "a
pact among states limiting the circumstances under which one court may modify
the orders of another." In re Custodv of A.C., 165 Wn.2d 568, 574, 200 P. 3d 689
No. 71648-4-1/5

(2009). Generally, Washington courts must give full faith and credit to an order

entered by a court of a sister state that had jurisdiction over the parties and

subject matter. RCW 26.27.421(1); .521. But the UCCJEA does not require an

adopting state to recognize a custody determination by a sister state that

assumed jurisdiction in violation of its provisions. UCCJEA § 303(a); RCW

26.27.421(1). Washington courts are authorized to make their own

determinations as to whether a sister state has acted in substantial conformity

with the jurisdictional requirements of the UCCJEA. In re Marriage of Hamilton.

120 Wn. App. 147, 157, 84 P. 3d 259 (2004) (recognizing that Washington

cannot give full faith and credit to orders issued by other states acting contrary to

the UCCJEA).

       Under the UCCJEA, a court has jurisdiction to make an initial custody

determination if:

       (a) This state is the home state of the child on the date of the
       commencement of the proceeding, or was the home state of the
       child within six months before the commencement of the
       proceeding and the child is absent from the state but a parent or
       person acting as a parent continues to live in this state;
       (b) Acourt of another state does not have jurisdiction under (a) of this
       subsection, or a court of the home state of the child has declined to
       exercise jurisdiction on the ground that this state is the more appropriate
       forum, . .. and:

            (i) The child and the child's parents, or the child and at least
            one parent or a person acting as a parent, have a significant
            connection with the state other than mere physical presence;
            and

            (ii) Substantial evidence is available in the state concerning the
            child's care, protection, training, and personal relationships;
No. 71648-4-1/6

      (c) All courts having jurisdiction under (a) of the subsection have
      declined to exercise jurisdiction on the ground that a court of the
      state is the more appropriate forum to determine the custody of the
       child . . .; or

       (d) No court of any other state would have jurisdiction under the
       criteria specified in (a), (b), or (c) of this subsection.

RCW 26.27.201(1); O.R.S. § 109.741(1).

      As it pertains to this case, "home state" means the state in which a child

lived with a parent or a person acting as a parent for at least six consecutive

months immediately before the commencement of a child custody proceeding.

RCW 26.27.021 (7); O.R.S. § 109.704(7).

         The UCCJEA contemplates continuing, exclusive jurisdiction from the

initial custody determination until:

         (a) Acourt of [the] state determines that neither the child, the child's
         parents, and any person acting as a parent have a significant
         connection with this state and that substantial evidence is no longer
         available in this state concerning the child's care, protection,
         training and personal relationships; or

         (b) A court of [the] state or a court ofanother state determines that
         the child, the child's parents and any person acting as a parent do
         not presently reside in [the] state.

RCW 26.27.211(1); O.R.S. § 109.744(1).

         In this case, it is undisputed that, at the time of final disposition in Ross

and Scott's dissolution, Oregon had jurisdiction to make the initial custody
determination as N.J.R.S.'s home state. The Kitsap County Superior Court

determined that at the time of entry of the December 6, 2010 visitation order,
Oregon no longer had continuous and exclusive jurisdiction over the matter. We
agree.
No. 71648-4-1/7

       On July 12, 2010, in ruling on the grandparents' motion for temporary

visitation, the Oregon court determined, albeit implicitly, that N.J.R.S. and her

only living parent lived in Washington. Based on that determination, Oregon lost

continuous and exclusive jurisdiction under the UCCJEA. RCW 26.27.211(1) (b);

O.R.S. § 109.744(1) (b).2

       If a court does not have exclusive, continuing jurisdiction under the

UCCJEA, but it has previously made a child custody determination, it may modify

that determination if, at the time of modification, it has jurisdiction to make an

initial custody determination in the matter. RCW 26.27.211(2); O.R.S. §

109.744(2).3

       Thus, the remaining issue in this case is whether, in the absence of
continuing, exclusive jurisdiction, the Oregon court had jurisdiction to modify its
prior custody determinations under RCW 26.27.211(2); O.R.S. § 109.744(2). In
otherwords, the dispositive issue is whether the Oregon court had authority to
make an initial custody determination when it entered the December 6, 2010

visitation order.

        The Kitsap County Superior Court determined that Oregon had jurisdiction
under RCW 26.27.201 (1)(b); O.R.S. § 109.744(1 )(b), which provide that a court

        2This subsection provides, in relevant part, that "acourt...that has made a[n initial] child
custody determination has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction over the determination until...[a] court
of this state or a court of another state determines that the child, the child's parents, and any
person acting as a parent do not presently reside in this state."
        3 RCW 26.27.211(2) and O.R.S. § 109.744(2) provide:
           A court of this state that has made a child custody determination and
         does not have exclusive, continuing jurisdiction under this section may
         modify thatdetermination only if it has jurisdiction to make an initial
         determination under [RCW 26.27.201; O.R.S. § 109.741].
No. 71648-4-1/8

has jurisdiction if no other state's courts have home state jurisdiction, or a court

of the child's home state has declined to exercise jurisdiction on the ground that

another state is the more appropriate forum, and:

           (i) The child and the child's parents, or the child and at
           least one parent or a person acting as a parent, have a
           significant connection with this state other than mere
           physical presence; and

           (ii) Substantial evidence is available in the state
           concerning the child's care, protection, training, and
           personal relationships.

This conclusion was based, in part, on the court's finding that N.J.R.S. and Scott

had significant connection with the state of Oregon.

       We review a trial court's conclusions of law to determine if they are

supported by the findings of fact and if, in turn, those findings are supported by

substantial evidence. Nelson Const. Co. of Ferndale. Inc. v. Port of Bremerton,

20 Wn. App. 321, 326-27, 582 P.2d 511 (1978). Undisputed findings are verities

on appeal. Keeve & Associates. Inc. v. Randall, 129 Wn. App. 733, 741, 119

P.3d 926 (2005).

       In this case, we find insufficient evidence to support the trial court's finding

that Scott had a significant connection with the state of Oregon. The record is

void of any indication that he has an ongoing connection with the state outside of

this custody matter. And, while there is undisputed evidence that N.J.R.S. has
familial ties to the state, we find this connection insufficient to establish

jurisdiction over her and her father, who are undisputedly residents of

Washington.

                                           8
No. 71648-4-1/9

        However, we conclude that the Oregon court had jurisdiction to enter the

visitation and contempt orders in this case under subsection RCW

26.27.201 (1)(d); O.R.S. § 109.741 (1)(d), the catch-all provision, because no

other state had jurisdiction to make an initial custody determination under the

UCCJEA.4 Accordingly, pursuant to RCW 26.27.421(1), .441 and .521, the Kitsap

County Superior Court was required to accord full faith and credit to the Oregon

court orders.5

                                           Attorney Fees

        The grandparents request an award of attorney fees on appeal pursuant

to RAP 18.1(a), RCW 7.21.030(3), and RCW 26.27.511(1). A party who

successfully defends the appeal of a contempt order may recover attorney fees

under RCW 7.21.030(3); In re Marriage of Curtis & Phillips, 106 Wn. App. 191,

199, 202, 23 P.3d 13 (2001). Additionally, under RCW 26.27.511 (1), the

prevailing party on appeal is entitled to an award of reasonable costs and

attorney fees. Because the grandparents have prevailed in this appeal of the

Kitsap County Superior Court contempt order, we grant their request for

reasonable attorney fees on appeal, subject to compliance with RAP 18.1.

          4 RCW 26.27.201 (1)(d) and O.R.S. § 109.741 (1)(d) provide that a court of this state has
jurisdiction to make an initial child custody determination only if:
          No court of any other state would have jurisdiction under the criteria
        specified in (a), (b), or (c) of this subsection.
        5Because we agree with the grandparents that the Oregon court had jurisdiction over this
matter under the UCCJEA, we decline to address their arguments that Scott was collaterally
estopped from challenging jurisdiction in Washington courts, that they have contractual rights to
visitation with N.J.R.S., and that Scott obstructed the courts and engaged in forum shopping.
No. 71648-4-1/10

      Affirmed.

                            jptc^/v^(,M.
WE CONCUR:

                  LV

                       10