Court Opinion

ID: 4190994
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-07-31 08:20:01.500898+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:39:48.369855
License: Public Domain

Opinion filed July 27, 2017

                                     In The

        Eleventh Court of Appeals
                                   __________

                              No. 11-15-00199-CR
                                   __________

                   DANNY ORTEZ DANIELS, Appellant
                                        V.
                      THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                      On Appeal from the 35th District Court
                              Brown County, Texas
                         Trial Court Cause No. CR22923

                      MEMORANDUM OPINION
       The jury convicted Danny Ortez Daniels of two counts of forgery, and the
trial court assessed his punishment at confinement for twenty-four months in the
State Jail Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. In two issues on
appeal, Appellant contends that (1) the evidence was legally insufficient to support
his conviction and (2) there was a fatal variance between the allegations in
Appellant’s indictment and the evidence produced at trial. We affirm.
                                 Background Facts
      Calvin Fryar is the owner of Fryar Cattle Company. Fryar Cattle Company
has a bank account at Citizens National Bank (CNB). Fryar is an authorized
signatory for checks drawn on this account.
      On November 22, 2013, Appellant entered CNB’s branch at Walmart in
Brownwood. He presented what appeared to be a check drawn on the account
belonging to Fryar Cattle Company. This purported check appeared to be signed by
Calvin Fryar and was made out to Appellant for $925.58. Appellant presented his
Texas identification card to the teller and endorsed the back of the check. The teller
accepted the check and paid Appellant the amount shown on the check.
      Later that same day, Appellant entered CNB’s main branch in Brownwood.
He again presented what appeared to be a check drawn on the account belonging to
Fryar Cattle Company. The purported check appeared to be signed by Calvin Fryar
and was made out to Appellant for $930.98.          Appellant presented his Texas
identification card to the teller and endorsed the back of the check in her presence.
The teller accepted the check and paid Appellant the amount shown on the check.
      When Calvin Fryar later checked the bank statements for the account, he saw
the two checks that Appellant cashed. Calvin Fryar did not sign any checks made
out to Appellant, and he did not authorize anyone to do so on his behalf. A
representative with CNB confirmed that the two checks that Appellant cashed were
forgeries.
                                      Analysis
      In two issues, Appellant alleges that there was a fatal variance between the
State’s pleading and proof, which resulted in legally insufficient evidence to convict
him of forgery. Specifically, he alleges that the evidence was insufficient because
the evidence offered at trial established that he defrauded or harmed Fryar Cattle
Company but the indictment alleged that he defrauded or harmed Calvin Fryar.
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      We review a sufficiency of the evidence issue under the standard of review
set forth in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979). Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d
893, 912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010); Polk v. State, 337 S.W.3d 286, 288–89 (Tex.
App.—Eastland 2010, pet. ref’d). Under the Jackson standard, we review all of the
evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any
rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a
reasonable doubt. Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; Isassi v. State, 330 S.W.3d 633, 638
(Tex. Crim. App. 2010). When conducting a sufficiency review, we consider all the
evidence admitted at trial, including pieces of evidence that may have been
improperly admitted. Winfrey v. State, 393 S.W.3d 763, 767 (Tex. Crim. App.
2013); Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). We defer to
the factfinder’s role as the sole judge of the witnesses’ credibility and the weight
their testimony is to be afforded. Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 899. This standard accounts
for the factfinder’s duty to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence,
and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts. Jackson, 443
U.S. at 319; Clayton, 235 S.W.3d at 778. When the record supports conflicting
inferences, we presume that the factfinder resolved the conflicts in favor of the
verdict and defer to that determination. Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326; Clayton, 235
S.W.3d at 778.
      “[W]e measure the sufficiency of the evidence ‘by the elements of the offense
as defined by the hypothetically correct jury charge for the case.’” Byrd v. State,
336 S.W.3d 242, 246 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (quoting Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d
234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997)). “Such a charge is one that ‘accurately sets out
the law, is authorized by the indictment, does not unnecessarily increase the State’s
burden of proof or unnecessarily restrict the State’s theories of liability, and
adequately describes the particular offense for which the defendant was tried.’” Id.
(quoting Malik, 953 S.W.2d at 240). A variance occurs when there is a discrepancy
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between the allegations in the indictment and the proof offered at trial. Id. In some
instances, a variance between pleading and proof can render the evidence legally
insufficient to support a conviction. See Johnson v. State, 364 S.W.3d 292, 295–99
(Tex. Crim. App. 2012). A variance that amounts to a failure to prove the statutory
language that defines the offense as alleged in the indictment will not be tolerated.
Id. at 295; Byrd, 336 S.W.3d at 246–48.
      A person commits a forgery by passing when he passes a writing that has been
completed so that it purports to be the act of another who did not authorize the act.
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.21(a)(1)(A)(i), (B) (West 2016). The person must have
passed the writing with the intent to defraud or harm another. Id. § 32.21(b). The
Penal Code defines “another” as “a person other than the actor.” Id. § 1.07(a)(5)
(West Supp. 2016). “Person” means “an individual, corporation, or association.”
Id. § 1.07(a)(38). The two counts in the indictment alleged that Appellant, “with
intent to defraud or harm another, transfer[red] or pass[ed] to [Erica Laing/Citizens
National Bank], a forged writing, knowing such writing to be forged, and such
writing had been so made or completed or executed that it purported to be the act of
Calvin Fryar.” The application paragraphs in the jury charge essentially tracked
these allegations. The indictment also included a photocopy of the front of each
check. The checks identified the maker of each check as “FRYAR CATTLE CO.
c/o Calvin Fryar,” and they identified “Calvin Fryar” as the “Authorized Signature”
of the maker. Each of the checks was made payable “TO THE ORDER OF Danny
Daniels.”
      Appellant is essentially asserting that Calvin Fryar was the victim of the
forgeries alleged in the indictment and that the evidence offered at trial established
that Fryar Cattle Company, a separate legal entity, was the victim. Appellant relies
on Byrd for this proposition. We disagree with Appellant’s analysis.

                                          4
       Byrd is a theft case. 336 S.W.3d at 244. The information in Byrd alleged that
the defendant appropriated the property of “Mike Morales,” but the evidence offered
at trial established that “Wal-Mart” owned the property. Id. Furthermore, Morales
was never mentioned at trial. Id. The issue was whether the variance with respect
to the name of the owner of stolen property was material. Id. at 245. The court
noted that Morales was not an employee of the store, did not testify at trial, was not
referenced by either party at trial, and seemed to have had no connection whatsoever
to any Wal-Mart store. Id. at 254. The Court of Criminal Appeals overturned the
theft conviction, noting that “when the discrepancy between the charging instrument
allegation and the proof at a theft trial is that of an entirely different person or entirely
different property, that discrepancy is not merely a variance, it is a failure of proof.”
Id. at 258.
       This case is distinguishable from Byrd. Byrd involved a situation wherein the
person alleged to be the victim of the theft had no connection to the alleged offense
whatsoever. Unlike “Mike Morales” in Byrd, Calvin Fryar most definitely had a
connection to the alleged forgeries. The indictment alleged that Calvin Fryar was
the person whose signature was forged. As aptly noted by the Dallas Court of
Appeals, when a check is drawn on a business account, “the maker had to be
someone who was authorized to act on behalf of the company.” Graves v. State, No.
05-91-01332-CR, 1993 WL 52532, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Mar. 1, 1993, pet.
ref’d) (not designated for publication) (emphasis added).
       We conclude that there was no variance between the allegations in the
indictment and the proof at trial. We first note that photocopies of the front of the
checks were included in the indictment and that they identified Fryar Cattle
Company as the owner of the bank account. Accordingly, there is no discrepancy
between the allegations in the indictment and the proof at trial with respect to Fryar
Cattle Company. Furthermore, the indictment did not allege that Calvin Fryar was
                                              5
the victim of the forgeries. Instead, the indictment alleged that Appellant acted with
the “intent to defraud or harm another” (emphasis added). Under the applicable
definitions cited above, the evidence that Appellant intended to defraud or harm
Fryar Cattle Company constituted evidence that Appellant intended to defraud or
harm “another.”
      The State provided evidence that the signatures appeared to be Calvin Fryar’s
but that Calvin Fryar neither signed the checks nor authorized anyone to do so. The
State also provided evidence that Appellant passed the forged checks as alleged in
the indictment. Viewing all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict,
we conclude that a rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of
the offenses beyond a reasonable doubt. We overrule Appellant’s first and second
issues.
                                   This Court’s Ruling
      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                                     JOHN M. BAILEY
                                                     JUSTICE

July 27, 2017
Do not publish. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
Willson, J., and Bailey, J.

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