Court Opinion

ID: 4403476
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-06-05 15:04:06.402572+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:52:30.762624
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
                                                                         FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any                           Jun 05 2019, 9:52 am

court except for the purpose of establishing                             CLERK
                                                                     Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                 Court of Appeals
                                                                          and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Bryan M. Truitt                                          Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Valparaiso, Indiana                                      Attorney General of Indiana

                                                         Samantha M. Sumcad
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Michael J. Lepka,                                        June 5, 2019
Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         18A-CR-2399
        v.                                               Appeal from the Porter Superior
                                                         Court
State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable Jeffrey W. Clymer,
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Judge
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         64D02-1806-F5-5750

Shepard, Senior Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2399 | June 5, 2019                 Page 1 of 8
[1]   Michael J. Lepka was found guilty of two counts of battery. He appeals the

      trial court’s aggregate sentence of five years with two and one half suspended as

      inappropriate. We affirm.

[2]   Lepka and Lisa Fernandez dated for fifteen years and had a brief marriage

      before divorcing in 2010. Lepka and Fernandez have three children: one,

      fifteen years of age; and twins, age twelve. On June 17, 2018, Lepka took his

      twin sons M.L. and J.L. to the park. At the park, M.L. played on a zipline.

      When he was done, he released the handle and it accidentally struck Lepka in

      the head. Lepka became upset and tersely called M.L. over to him. He struck

      M.L. in the head twice with a closed fist—one of which hit M.L.’s eye, causing

      injury. Lepka then shoved M.L. into the ground.

[3]   The State charged Lepka with battery resulting in bodily injury to a person less

      than fourteen years old, a Level 5 felony; and battery, a Class A misdemeanor.

      The court found Lepka guilty on both counts following a bench trial. At a later

      sentencing hearing, it found aggravating and mitigating circumstances.

[4]   The trial court found Lepka’s continued denial of events when it “found those

      things happened” as an aggravating circumstance. Tr. Vol. V, p. 6. It also

      found as an aggravator Lepka’s history of repeated criminal conduct as

      described in the presentence investigation report; as well as Lepka’s relationship

      to M.L., including the child’s age. Id. at 5. The court found Lepka’s continued

      respect for and calmness in front of the court and law enforcement officials as

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2399 | June 5, 2019   Page 2 of 8
      mitigating. The court also determined that M.L.’s injuries were a mitigating

      factor because they were minor despite qualifying as bodily injury.

[5]   Lepka stated to the court he wanted to avoid prison; but if he went, he was

      “hoping maybe if, in a snowball [sic] chance, you could mandate me to

      therapeutic.” Id. at 3. We take that to mean Lepka requested to be placed
                                                                           1
      under the “Purposeful Incarceration” program (P.I.). “Therapeutic

      Communities” (T.C.) are a specialized form of P.I. which provide intensive
                                                                 2
      substance abuse treatment and rehabilitation. It appears from the record the

      trial court did not consider Lepka’s eligibility for P.I, though stating it did

      “believe in [Lepka],” and that he needs treatment. Id. at 6.

[6]   Lepka testified he has been enrolled in and completed various programs to

      affect his behavior positively. He admitted to struggling with substance abuse,

      including marijuana and alcohol. He also admitted he struggled to change his

      1
        “In 2009 the Indiana Department of Correction (IDOC) began a cooperative project with Indiana Court
      Systems called Purposeful Incarceration (P.I.). The Department works in collaboration with Judges who can
      sentence chemically addicted offenders and document that they will ‘consider a sentence modification’
      should the offender successfully complete an IDOC Therapeutic community. This supports the Department
      and [sic] Correction and the Judiciary to get addicted offenders the treatment that they need and work
      collaboratively to support their successful re-entry into society.” Indiana Department of Correction,
      Purposeful Incarceration, https://www.in.gov/idoc/2798.htm (visited May 29, 2019).
      2
        “Therapeutic Communities provide intensive substance abuse treatment and the core program is a
      minimum of eight (8) months in length. The TC’s are competency based, and some offenders may take up to
      a year to complete the core program. Upon successful completion participants are eligible for up to a 6
      month credit time cut.” Indiana Department of Correction, Purposeful Incarceration,
      https://www.in.gov/idoc/2798.htm (visited May 29, 2019).

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2399 | June 5, 2019                  Page 3 of 8
      ways after a “lifetime of not caring,” and he “[needs] to get [his] thinking

      correct.” Id. at 4. Lepka testified he wants to be a good father.

[7]   The trial court recognized Lepka had “hope.” Id. at 6. The court, however,

      described Lepka as in “a carat [sic] and stick” scenario. Id. It noted its belief in

      Lepka’s motivation but did not believe he was currently in a place to achieve

      his desired end. The court explained concern that there may be harm to the

      children in the future and that Lepka’s criminal past was too extensive to
                                         3
      warrant repeated leniency.

[8]   The trial court sentenced Lepka to five years, with two and a half years

      suspended on the first count and 180 days, to be served concurrently, on the

      second count. This appeal followed.

[9]   Lepka first argues the sentence was inappropriate as it was too close to the

      maximum possible sentence. Appellate courts may revise a sentence if it is

      inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the

      offender. Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B). When reviewing sentences, we are

      focused on the forest—the aggregate sentence—rather than the trees. Cardwell v.

      State, 895 N.E.2d 1219 (Ind. 2008). The principle role of our review is to leaven

      3
       The record reflects Lepka accrued numerous convictions as an adult, including felony convictions for:
      Burglary, Theft, Battery, Receiving Stolen Property, Domestic Battery, Intimidation with a Deadly Weapon,
      and Battery on a Person Less Than Fourteen Years Old; and misdemeanor convictions for: Curfew,
      Disorderly Conduct, Theft, and Battery. Lepka has also violated supervisory sentences on six-of-seven
      occasions as an adult. Appellant’s App. Vol. III, pp. 6-10.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2399 | June 5, 2019                   Page 4 of 8
       the outliers, in recognition that there is no one “correct” result in any given

       case. Id. at 1225.

[10]   The sentencing range for a Level 5 felony is one to six years’ incarceration, with

       an advisory sentence of three years, and a fine of up to $10,000. Ind. Code §

       35-50-2-6 (2014). Likewise, the sentencing range for a Class A misdemeanor

       shall be incarceration for a term no longer than one year, and a fine of up to

       $5,000. Ind. Code 35-50-3-2 (1977). Lepka bears the burden of persuading us

       that his five-year sentence is inappropriate. Moyer v. State, 83 N.E.3d 136 (Ind.

       Ct. App. 2017), trans. denied.

[11]   The nature of his offenses was patently violent. Lepka committed an act of

       violence against his own child—and not for the first time. This particular act is

       a respectable aggravator on its own, but it also is a symptom of Lepka’s poor
                       4
       character. Lepka was previously convicted for battery against a person less

       than fourteen years old where M.L.’s brother, J.L., was the victim. The State’s

       characterization of Lepka’s past as “riddled” with domestic violence may be

       hyperbolic. Appellee’s Br. p. 8. It is no exaggeration, however, to describe his

       4
           Ind. Code § 35-38-1-7.1(a) (2015) provides:

       (4) The person:
                (A) committed a crime of violence (citation omitted); and
                (B) knowingly committed the offense in the presence or within hearing of an individual who:
                (i) was less than eighteen (18) years of age at the time the person committed the offense; and
                (ii) is not the victim of the offense.
                                                             *****
       (8) The person was in a position having care, custody, or control of the victim of the offense.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2399 | June 5, 2019                          Page 5 of 8
       history as riddled with criminal activity—where physical violence plays no

       small part.

[12]   The trial court noted even though Lepka had admitted he needed to change his

       attitude and that he had completed some behavioral programming; it thought

       his character justified his sentence. Continuing the court’s analogy, its concern

       of “harm to the child in the future” and Lepka’s past conduct made a “stick”

       too long for him to obtain whatever “carrot” he is reaching for. Tr. Vol. V, p. 6.

       To get to that “carrot”—the point where Lepka is a good father and reformed

       citizen—the trial court readily explained that Lepka needed rehabilitation in a

       penal facility.

[13]   The trial court took the sincerity of Lepka’s position into account when it stated

       at sentencing that it “believe[s]” in him and wants him “to get treatment.” Id.

       It explained if it didn’t believe in him it would not have suspended as much of

       the sentence as it did. The court satisfactorily considered the many factors

       relative to this case when sentencing Lepka to five years, which is still less than

       the statutory maximum. See, e.g., Coleman v. State, 952 N.E.2d 377 (Ind. Ct.

       App. 2011) (holding that the statutory maximum sentence was appropriate in

       light of the offender’s character, using factors such as: expressions of remorse

       or culpability, prior criminal history, prior probation violations and substance

       abuse), trans. denied; see also Sanders v. State, 71 N.E.3d 839, 844 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2017) (“When considering the character of the offender . . . [t]he significance of

       criminal history varies based on the gravity, nature, and number of prior

       offenses in relation to the current offense.”) (citations omitted), trans. denied.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2399 | June 5, 2019   Page 6 of 8
       We conclude that the five-year sentence was not inappropriate given the nature

       of the offenses and character of the offender.

[14]   Next, Lepka argues the trial court should have ordered Therapeutic

       Communities placement at the IDOC. There is no one law that deals with

       placing an offender in P.I. According to the IDOC:

               The courts communicate with the IDOC that [an] offender is a PI
               offender. After entering the IDOC the offender will be placed at
               an appropriate facility that has a TC. If possible the individual
               will be placed in a TC close to their County of sentencing. . . .
               Once the offender is placed at the facility[,] they will be assessed
               by the Substance Abuse staff. If they meet the substance abuse
               admission criteria[,] they will be offered the opportunity to enter
                            5
               the program.

       While the trial court acknowledged numerous times that Lepka needed

       treatment, the discussion of such treatment revolved around behavior. The

       record shows alcohol and marijuana use were present in Lepka’s life, but the

       trial court did not feel the need to address it as an acute issue. Instead the court

       focused on Lepka’s relationship and past with his family, explaining to Lepka,

       “the problems that [you have concern] your wife and kids,” and that if the court

       “felt society was in danger from you [ ], your sentence would be different.” Tr.

       Vol. V, p. 7.

       5
         Indiana Department of Correction, Purposeful Incarceration, available at https://www.in.gov/idoc/2798.htm
       (visited May 29, 2019).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2399 | June 5, 2019                    Page 7 of 8
[15]   Our review is not concerned with whether an alternative sentence might be

       more appropriate; but rather whether the sentence imposed is inappropriate.

       Moyer, 83 N.E.3d at 142. While Lepka might well benefit from P.I., the

       question is not what the trial court could have reasonably done. Rather, it is

       whether not being placed in P.I. renders Lepka’s sentence inappropriate. There

       is ample reason, discussed above, to find his sentence was appropriate.

[16]   For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

       Vaidik, C.J., and May, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2399 | June 5, 2019   Page 8 of 8