Court Opinion

ID: 9399701
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-06-06 12:05:51.852974+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:19:18.249999
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

                                      No. COA22-681

                                 Filed 06 June 2023

Guilford County, No. 18CRS71878

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

              v.

CLARENCE RAY GIDDERON

      Appeal by defendant from judgment entered 3 December 2021 by Judge

William A. Wood in Guilford County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals

9 May 2023.

      Attorney General Joshua H. Stein, by Special Deputy Attorney General
      Francisco J. Benzoni for the State.

      Jarvis John Edgerton, IV, for the defendant-appellant.

      TYSON, Judge.

      Clarence Ray Gidderon (“Defendant”) appeals from judgment entered on a

jury’s verdict for first-degree murder sentencing him to life imprisonment without

possibility of parole. Our review reveals no error.

                                 I.     Background

      Defendant was involved in a relationship with forty-seven-year-old Paige

Rickard (“Rickard”). Rickard lived with her aunt, Robin Clodfelter. According to

Clodfelter, Defendant was “extremely jealous and controlling over [Rickard].”
                                 STATE V. GIDDERON

                                  Opinion of the Court

      Defendant ate dinner with Rickard and Clodfelter on 29 March 2018 at a local

church. Clodfelter’s refrigerator was broken. She planned to visit a neighbor’s house

on the way home to obtain a couple cups of ice for the evening. Clodfelter walked

behind Rickard and Defendant, and she heard Rickard ask Defendant to leave. Other

neighbors also heard Defendant and Rickard arguing loudly as they walked by.

      Defendant continued to walk beside Rickard, getting closer and closer to her.

Clodfelter heard Defendant say: “Don’t play me.” Shortly thereafter, Defendant drew

a knife and stabbed Rickard in the stomach. Clodfelter contemplated attacking

Defendant, but determined she could not overcome him. She heard a cup fall out of

Rickard’s hand. Clodfelter ran to the closest neighbor’s house and called 911. Law

enforcement officers arrived shortly thereafter, Rickard was rushed to the hospital,

and officers collected evidence from the crime scene. Defendant was taken into

custody.

      Rickard sustained five sharp force internal injuries on the left side of her body,

which inflicted major damage to her spleen. She also suffered from an incised wound

on her forehead. Rickard died several days later from complications arising from

those wounds.

      A jury indicted Defendant for first-degree murder on 11 June 2018. Defendant

pled not guilty, and a trial was held. After jury selection, but before the jury was

impaneled, Juror Six approached the court deputies.        The juror stated she was

concerned because other jurors had been asked questions during voir dire that she

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                                STATE V. GIDDERON

                                 Opinion of the Court

had not been asked.

      Sheriff’s Deputy Clapp immediately brought Juror Number 6’s concerns to the

court’s attention:

             THE COURT: All right. Deputy Butler-Moore and Deputy
             Clapp have brought to my attention – I believe it comes
             through Deputy Clapp more than Deputy Butler-Moore.
             But Juror Number 6, who’s Ms. Mackenzie on my list, Cory
             [sic] Mackenzie, C-O-R-A (verbatim) Mackenzie, has
             indicated to Deputy Clapp that there was a question that
             some of the other jurors w[ere] asked that she was not
             asked, but gave no indication that the information she has
             would have affected her ability to be fair in this case. Is
             that correct, Deputy Clapp?

             THE BAILIFF: Yes, Your Honor.

             THE COURT: Did she indicate to you in any way that the
             information she had would affect her ability to be fair?

             THE BAILIFF: No, Your Honor.

             THE COURT: But she did indicate that questions were
             asked of some jurors that were not asked of her; is that
             correct?

             THE BAILIFF: Yes, sir.

             THE COURT: Did she make any other comments?

             THE BAILIFF: No, Your Honor.

      The trial court called Juror Number 6 into open court and asked her additional

questions.

             THE COURT: I just wanted to ask you a few questions.
             Deputy Clapp and Deputy Butler-Moore both indicated
             that you attempted to give them some information; is that

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                    STATE V. GIDDERON

                     Opinion of the Court

correct?

JUROR C. MACKENZIE (6): Yes. I realized that the line
of questioning from the defense moved on because someone
else had maybe a greater concern, but I didn’t share some
information that I think was related to some of your earlier
questions.

THE COURT: Well, let me ask you some questions about
that.

JUROR C. MACKENZIE (6): Okay.

THE COURT: Do you feel you could be a fair juror in this
case?

JUROR C. MACKENZIE (6): I do.

THE COURT: Okay. And your concern is that some
questions were asked of some jurors that perhaps were not
asked of other jurors?

JUROR C. MACKENZIE (6): Yes.

THE COURT: But there was a – kind of a catch-all question
asked by one or both of the attorneys, is there anything else
that would affect your ability to be fair or words to that
effect, and you did not speak up; is that correct?

JUROR C. MACKENZIE (6): I don’t remember that sort of
open-ended question from the defense. I do remember the
DA asking if there was anything in his line of questioning.

THE COURT: And whatever this information is that you
were not provided perhaps because the specific question
was not asked, in your opinion, does not affect your ability
to be fair; is that correct?

JUROR C. MACKENZIE (6): I don’t think so.

THE COURT: All right. Thank you, ma’am.

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                                 STATE V. GIDDERON

                                      Opinion of the Court

             JUROR C. MACKENZIE (6): Okay.

             (Juror C. Mackenzie departed the courtroom at 2:06 p.m.)

             THE COURT: Anything on that issue with Juror Number
             6, [District Attorney]?

             [DISTRICT ATTORNEY]: No, Your Honor.

             THE COURT: [Defense Counsel]?

             [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: No, Your Honor.

             THE COURT: All right. Well, we can bring all the jurors
             in, Deputy Clapp, or if someone could let Deputy Butler-
             Moore know.

      Based upon the above colloquy, the trial court denied Defendant’s request to

re-open the voir dire for Juror Number 6, allowed Juror Number 6 to continue to serve

on the jury, and impaneled the jury for trial.

      The jury’s verdict unanimously found Defendant to be guilty of first-degree

murder on 3 December 2021. Defendant was sentenced as a prior record level VI

offender to life imprisonment without possibility of parole. Defendant appeals.

                                II.      Jurisdiction

      This Court possesses jurisdiction pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 7A-27(b)(1)

and 15A-1444(a) (2021).

                   III.   Failure to Reopen Jury Voir Dire

      Defendant argues the trial court abused its discretion by declining to reopen

the voir dire of Juror Number 6 and failing to conduct an adequate inquiry or

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                                 STATE V. GIDDERON

                                  Opinion of the Court

investigation.

                              A. Standard of Review

      “The nature and extent of the inquiry made of prospective jurors on voir dire

ordinarily rests within the sound discretion of the trial court.” State v. Bond, 345

N.C. 1, 17, 478 S.E.2d 163, 171 (1996) (citation omitted).

      “In order for a defendant to show reversible error in the trial court’s regulation

of jury selection, a defendant must show that the court abused its discretion and that

he was prejudiced thereby.” State v. Lee, 335 N.C. 244, 268, 439 S.E.2d 547, 559

(citations omitted), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 891, 130 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1994). “An abuse of

discretion is shown only where the court’s ruling was manifestly unsupported by

reason and could not have been the result of a reasoned decision.” Id. at 267, 439

S.E.2d 558 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).

                                     B. Analysis

                            1. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1214

      Our criminal procedure statutes provide:

             (g) If at any time after a juror has been accepted by a party,
             and before the jury is impaneled, it is discovered that the
             juror has made an incorrect statement during voir dire or
             that some other good reason exists:
                     (1) The judge may examine, or permit counsel to
                     examine, the juror to determine whether there is a
                     basis for challenge for cause.

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1214(g)(1) (2021) (emphasis supplied).

      “[T]he decision whether to reopen examination of a juror previously accepted

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                                  STATE V. GIDDERON

                                   Opinion of the Court

by the parties is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court.” State v.

Freeman, 314 N.C. 432, 437, 333 S.E.2d 743, 747 (1985) (citing N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-

1214(g)(1)) (explaining that, while the decision to reopen jury voir dire rests within

the discretion of the trial court, once voir dire has been reopened, either party is

allowed to exercise any remaining preemptory challenges for cause);               State v.

Locklear, 349 N.C. 118, 142, 505 S.E.2d 277, 291 (1998) (explaining “the extent and

manner of the inquiry [by counsel] rests within the trial court’s discretion”).

                                  2. State v. Boggess

      Our Supreme Court explained a trial judge’s role after a juror has been

accepted, but before the jury has been impaneled, in State v. Boggess:

             [A] trial judge has leeway to make an initial inquiry when
             allegations are received before a jury has been impaneled
             that would, if true, establish grounds for reopening voir
             dire under N.C.G.S. § 15A–1214(g). As part of this initial
             investigation, the judge may question any involved juror
             and may consult with counsel out of the juror’s presence.
             Based on information thus developed, the judge has
             discretion to reopen voir dire or take other steps suggested
             by the circumstances. Because the jury has not been
             impaneled and other potential jurors are still available,
             minimal disruption occurs if the judge resolves any doubts
             in favor of reopening voir dire and accords counsel the right
             to exercise any remaining peremptory challenges. If the
             judge at any point allows the attorneys to question the
             juror directly, voir dire has necessarily been reopened and
             the procedures set out in N.C.G.S. § 15A–1214(g)(1)–(3) are
             triggered. “[O]nce the examination of a juror has been
             reopened, ‘the parties have an absolute right to exercise
             any remaining peremptory challenges to excuse such a
             juror.’”

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                                  STATE V. GIDDERON

                                   Opinion of the Court

358 N.C. 676, 683, 600 S.E.2d 453, 457 (2004) (citation omitted).

                                   3. State v. Adams

      This Court also examined whether the trial court abused its discretion by

failing to reopen voir dire in State v. Adams. 285 N.C. App. 379, 877 S.E.2d 721

(2022). In Adams, one of the jurors expressed his belief “Defendants should ‘answer

the questions themselves’” after he was selected to serve on the jury but before the

jury was impaneled. Id. at 391, 877 S.E.2d at 730. The trial judge first called the

juror to clarify his opinion, instructed the juror about a defendant’s right to refrain

from testifying, and gave the juror time to re-evaluate his opinion. Id.

      The trial court ultimately denied defendant’s motion to re-open jury voir dire

“after inquiring into Juror Clark’s opinion and only after determining Juror Clark

would be able to follow the law.” Id. at 393, 877 S.E.2d at 731. The trial court further

explained “that reopening voir dire would ‘open[ ] a Pandora’s box’ and cause delays

during Defendants’ trial, Defense counsel for both parties had already passed on

Juror Clark, and Juror Clark gave repeated affirmations that he understood and

could apply the law.” Id. This Court affirmed the trial court’s decision and concluded

the trial court reached a reasoned decision and did not abuse its discretion. Id.

      The facts before us are similar to those in Adams. Like in Adams, the trial

judge called Juror Number 6 before the court and questioned her regarding the

statements she had made to the deputies. Adams, 285 N.C. App. at 391, 877 S.E.2d

at 730. The trial judge confirmed, regardless of whether defense counsel asked Juror

                                          -8-
                                  STATE V. GIDDERON

                                   Opinion of the Court

Number 6 the same questions as other jurors, that those unasked questions would

not affect Juror Number 6’s ability to serve as a fair and impartial juror. Juror

Number 6 never expressed doubts about her impartiality, ability to serve as a juror,

find the facts, and to fairly apply the law.         To the contrary, the trial court’s

questioning further confirmed and solidified Juror Number 6’s commitment to serve

as a fair and impartial juror.

      The decision whether to re-open voir dire rested within the trial court’s

discretion. Juror Number 6 had been selected by both parties without challenge and

the jury was not yet impaneled. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1214(g)(1) (2021); Boggess, 358

N.C. at 683, 600 S.E.2d at 457 (citing Id. § 15A-1214(g)(1)); Bond, 345 N.C. at 17, 478

S.E.2d at 171; Lee, 335 N.C. at 268, 439 S.E.2d at 559; Freeman, 314 N.C. at 437, 333

S.E.2d at 747; Locklear, 349 N.C. at 142, 505 S.E.2d at 291. Defendant has failed to

carry his burden on appeal to show any abuse in the trial court’s exercise of its

discretion. Lee, 335 N.C. at 267-68, 439 S.E.2d at 558-59; Adams, 285 N.C. App. at

393, 877 S.E.2d at 731.

      The trial court provided counsel on both sides with the opportunity to request

further voir dire, and both parties’ counsel expressly declined the opportunity. Id.

Defense counsel also failed to request additional voir dire when asked by the trial

court and waived the right to challenge the issue on appeal. N.C. R. App. P. 10(a)(1).

Defendant’s argument is overruled.

                                 IV.   Conclusion

                                          -9-
                                 STATE V. GIDDERON

                                  Opinion of the Court

      The decision whether to re-open voir dire rests within the trial court’s sound

discretion. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1214(g)(1); Boggess, 358 N.C. at 683, 600 S.E.2d at

457 (citing Id. § 15A-1214(g)(1)); Bond, 345 N.C. at 17, 478 S.E.2d at 171; Lee, 335

N.C. at 268, 439 S.E.2d at 559; Freeman, 314 N.C. at 437, 333 S.E.2d at 747; Locklear,

349 N.C. at 142, 505 S.E.2d at 291.

      The trial court conducted a timely inquiry under the statute into Juror Number

6’s comments, concerns, questions, and beliefs prior to impaneling the jury. Adams,

285 N.C. App. at 393, 877 S.E.2d at 731. Defendant has failed to show any abuse in

the trial court’s exercise of discretion in questioning Juror Number 6. Id.; Lee, 335

N.C. at 267-68, 439 S.E.2d at 558-59.

      Defendant also failed to request re-opening of voir dire and expressly waived

re-opening when asked by the trial court. N.C. R. App. P. 10(a)(1).

      Defendant received a fair trial, free from prejudicial errors he preserved and

argued on appeal. We find no error in the jury’s verdicts or in the judgment entered

thereon. It is so ordered.

      NO ERROR.

      Judge ARROWOOD and Judge RIGGS concur.

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