Court Opinion

ID: 9781116
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-30 16:08:44.623898+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:13:01.843640
License: Public Domain

J-S29022-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :         PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellee                :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
    DONI TODD SHUE                             :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :       No. 169 MDA 2023

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered January 12, 2021
                 In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
            Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0004146-2019

BEFORE:      MURRAY, J., KING, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.:                              FILED AUGUST 30, 2023

       Appellant, Doni Todd Shue, appeals nunc pro tunc from the judgment of

sentence entered in the York County Court of Common Pleas, following his

jury trial convictions for aggravated indecent assault of a child, aggravated

indecent assault (person less than 13 years old), indecent assault (without

consent), and indecent assault (person less than 13 years old).1 We affirm.

       In its opinion, the trial court set forth the relevant facts and procedural

history of this case as follows:

          The jury trial was held from September 28, 2020, through
          October 1, 2020. Testimony revealed that [Appellant]
          touched M.S. [(“Victim”)] inappropriately. [Appellant] is
          [Victim’s] grandfather. [Appellant] touched [Victim] in her
____________________________________________

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1  18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3125(b); 3125(a)(7); 3126(a)(1); and 3126(a)(7),
respectively.
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       private areas with his hands. [Appellant’s] hand movement
       was going straight up and down on the inside of [Victim].
       The touching was also described as a sawing motion but in
       a direction of going straight up and down.

       The first incident occurred on February 8, 2019, when
       [Victim] was downstairs at [Appellant’s] home, in the
       basement-like-area, roller skating. [Victim] was sitting and
       laying back on an air mattress, when [Appellant] pulled
       down her pants to her ankles. [Victim’s] clothes and
       underwear were taken off by [Appellant]. When [Appellant]
       stopped touching [Victim], he told her “please don’t tell
       anybody.” [Victim] identified [Appellant] as the man who
       sexually assaulted her.

       [Victim’s] mother, (herein “Mother”), witnessed [Victim]
       have an anxiety attack after telling [Victim] she was going
       back to [Appellant’s] house on the following morning.
       [Victim] testified that the sexual assault by [Appellant]
       induced her panic attack.       9-1-1 was called and an
       ambulance came to evaluate [Victim]. At the time when
       E.M.S. arrived to evaluate [Victim], Mother did not know
       what was going on with [Victim]. Mother decided to take
       [Victim] to the hospital because of the panic attack.

       Mother asked [Victim] what was wrong because of [Victim’s]
       age; Mother was perplexed as to why [Victim] would have
       a panic attack. [Victim] started crying, and explained to
       Mother, “they told me not to tell you.” When Mother asked
       who is “they,” [Victim] responded “who you were just on the
       phone with.” Mother asked again who [Victim] was referring
       to, in which she identified [Appellant]. [Victim] told Mother
       [that Appellant] had touched her; then [Victim] pointed to
       her private area when Mother asked where [Appellant] had
       touched her. [Victim] disclosed to Mother, on May 28, 2018,
       [Appellant] also touched [Victim] on a different occasion.
       Mother then took [Victim] to the hospital to be evaluated.

       A SAFE exam was performed on [Victim]. The SAFE exam
       nurse asked [Victim] why she was brought to the hospital in
       which [Victim] stated “because I was scared because my
       grandpa was touching me where he shouldn’t be touching
       me on my pee-pee. I asked him to stop but he didn’t. He
       pulled my pants down to here.” The SAFE nurse, Brandi

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         Castro (herein “Ms. Castro”), went on to explain that
         [Victim] “placed both hands just below her knees and
         started touching, and she clarified pee-pee.” [Victim] told
         Ms. Castro, that when [Appellant] stopped, [Appellant] told
         her “please don’t tell anyone.” [Victim] continued:

            I tried to keep it to myself, but my mom said that I
            can tell her anything, so I told her. And she called my
            dad and told him [that] her dad [Appellant] touched
            my private parts. [Appellant] poked it in the hole, and
            I started getting in pain. [Appellant] did it on both
            Tuesdays. [Appellant] starts at my ankles and goes
            up and down.

(Trial Court Opinion, filed 4/12/21, at 2-5) (internal citations omitted).

      During trial, Appellant sought to introduce evidence that another family

member had touched Victim inappropriately. Specifically, Appellant sought to

testify that he had informed his daughter (Victim’s mother) that he previously

witnessed Victim’s uncle engage in inappropriate sexual conduct with Victim.

This issue was discussed twice at trial:

         Prior to opening statements, trial counsel raised the issue of
         [Appellant] claiming he saw another family member
         sexually assaulting [Victim]. N.T. Jury Trial, September 28,
         2020, p. 69. Trial counsel alluded that through [Appellant’s]
         testimony, [Appellant] would explain what [Appellant] was
         going through and stating [Appellant’s] version of events
         that happened with [Victim].2 Id. at 72.

            2 [Appellant] testified that when [Victim] was in the
            basement-like area roller-skating she ended up rolling
            backwards and hit herself in the head with the skates.
            N.T. Jury Trial, October 1, 2020, p. 364. [Appellant]
            then claims, to stop [Victim] from crying he jumped
            on the mattress and started tickling her. Id. at 364-
            65. [Appellant] then testified his head was turned to
            the side in an attempt to block the skates from hitting
            him while [Appellant] tickled [Victim]. Id. at 365.
            Then [Victim] “hit [Appellant] with the skates, and

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              [Appellant’s] hand went down and smacked her down
              in [Victim’s] groin area.” Id. at 366.[2]

          Trial counsel alluded that after the incident with [Victim] and
          the skates, [Appellant] got up because he was:

              angry because what was going through his mind was
              something that he witnessed, something he walked
              into involving this child and this child’s, I guess, uncle,
              for lack of a better term [uncle by marriage]…[t]hat
              appeared to be inappropriate and had addressed it
              with the child’s mother about six months prior to this.

                                       *       *   *

              Again, [Appellant’s] going to say what was going
              through his mind was when he walked into the room
              and saw this child wearing only a pair of underwear
              on top of her uncle who is wearing a pair of shorts on
              the couch thinking it was okay, and that explained his
              actions what he told the child, why he told the child
              and why he walked away.

          Id. at 72-73.

          The court and trial counsel went into a discussion of the
          allegation by [Appellant] that the uncle assaulted [Victim],
          not [Appellant]. Id. at 73-77. Throughout the discussion
          of both the Rape Shield Act and the issue of relevance, the
          court stated it did not want this issue raised during opening
          statements until further case law was provided by counsel.
          Id. at 77. …

          This issue was brought up a second time prior to the jury
          entering the court room. N.T. Jury Trial, September 29,
____________________________________________

2 Appellant further claimed that after he accidentally touched Victim’s groin

area, Victim responded that it was “okay.” Appellant testified that Victim’s
reaction upset him, because it should not be “okay” for anyone to touch
Victim’s private area. Appellant then went on to discuss “good touch/bad
touch” with Victim and directed Victim not to mention what happened to
anyone until Appellant had a chance to discuss the incident with Victim’s
mother. (See id. at 366-68).

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         2020, p. 118. The same topic, as discussed above, was of
         [Appellant’s] trial counsel arguing why [Appellant] should
         be allowed to testify about his “knowledge” of the uncle
         sexually assaulting [Victim].      Id. at 118-20.       The
         Commonwealth responded that it would fall under 18
         [Pa.C.S.A.] § 3104, the Rape Shield Law. Id. at 120-21.
         The Commonwealth further argued if the court got past the
         Rape Shield statute under § 3104, the testimony [Appellant]
         intended to offer was not relevant, was more prejudicial
         than probative, and that [Appellant] could still explain his
         own conduct without getting into [Appellant’s] claims of
         what [Appellant] deemed as past victimization of [Victim].
         Id.

         The [court then ruled as follows]:

            THE COURT:              Again, [trial counsel], I don’t
            know the exact details of what your client did or didn’t
            do when he allegedly observed this behavior six
            months ago other than your statement that he told
            the mother. He apparently didn’t tell police. He didn’t
            have it investigated. Nothing’s happened. This child
            hasn’t reported it. It’s never been corroborated by
            anyone else. I’m not letting it in. I don’t find it to be
            relevant.

(Trial Court Opinion at 8-11).

      On October 1, 2020, the jury convicted Appellant of the above-

mentioned crimes. The court sentenced Appellant on January 12, 2021, to an

aggregate term of 10 to 20 years’ imprisonment plus three (3) years’

probation. Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal on February 5, 2021. On

February 10, 2021, the court ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)

statement of errors complained of on appeal. On March 1, 2021, Appellant

filed his Rule 1925(b) statement.    Appellant subsequently discontinued the

appeal. On December 29, 2022, the court reinstated Appellant’s appellate

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rights nunc pro tunc limited to the issue raised in Appellant’s March 1, 2021

Rule 1925(b) statement.         Appellant timely filed a nunc pro tunc notice of

appeal on January 27, 2023. On January 30, 2023, the court issued a Rule

1925(b) order; Appellant filed his Rule 1925(b) statement on February 15,

2023.3

       Appellant raises one issue for our review:

          Whether the trial court erred and committed an abuse of
          discretion in denying Appellant’s request to introduce
          evidence that another family member engaged in
          inappropriate activity with the complainant.

(Appellant’s Brief at 4).

       Appellant argues that the evidence sought to be admitted does not

exploit Victim’s sexuality. Appellant claims the proffered evidence was being

brought in to describe why an accidental touching during tickling became a

“major event.” Appellant asserts that he sought to introduce the proffered

evidence to explain why Appellant pointed out to and apologized for

accidentally touching Victim’s vaginal area.      Appellant emphasizes that he

went out of his way to discuss with Victim that no one should touch her vaginal

area. Appellant maintains that “[t]his was all prompted by him seeing [Victim]

____________________________________________

3 We note that Appellant raises different claims in his February 15, 2023 Rule

1925(b) statement than the issue asserted in his March 1, 2021 Rule 1925(b)
statement. Nevertheless, because the sole issue raised on appeal is preserved
in the March 1, 2021 concise statement for which the court reinstated
Appellant’s appellate rights nunc pro tunc, we see no impediment to our
review on this ground.

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in a compromising situation with another family member.” (Id. at 14-15).

Appellant insists the evidence was relevant.    Appellant avers the proffered

evidence was not “rape shield evidence.” Appellant contends the proffered

evidence was not a past sexual victimization but was a concern for a child and

the possibility of future victimization. Appellant submits that he wanted to

discuss good touch/bad touch so that Victim knew not to let anyone touch her

vaginal area or to report it if someone does.         Appellant suggests that

“[b]ecause of the past event, Appellant turned an accidental touching into a

big deal[,] into a scary situation.” (Id. at 15). Appellant concludes that the

court erroneously excluded his proffered evidence, his defense suffered as a

result, and this Court must grant a new trial. We disagree.

      Our standard of review regarding the admission of exclusion of evidence

is well settled:

         The admission of evidence is a matter vested within the
         sound discretion of the trial court, and such a decision shall
         be reversed only upon a showing that the trial court abused
         its discretion. In determining whether evidence should be
         admitted, the trial court must weigh the relevant and
         probative value of the evidence against the prejudicial
         impact of the evidence. Evidence is relevant if it logically
         tends to establish a material fact in the case or tends to
         support a reasonable inference regarding a material fact.
         Although a court may find that evidence is relevant, the
         court may nevertheless conclude that such evidence is
         inadmissible on account of its prejudicial impact.

Commonwealth v. Antidormi, 84 A.3d 736, 749 (Pa.Super. 2014), appeal

denied, 626 Pa. 681, 95 A.3d 275 (2014) (internal citations omitted).

      The Rape Shield Law provides:

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         § 3104. Evidence of victim’s sexual conduct

         (a) General rule.—Evidence of specific instances of the
         alleged victim’s past sexual conduct, past sexual
         victimization, allegations of past sexual victimization,
         opinion evidence of the alleged victim’s past sexual conduct,
         and reputation evidence of the alleged victim’s past sexual
         conduct shall not be admissible in prosecutions of any
         offense listed in subsection (c) except evidence of the
         alleged victim’s past sexual conduct with the defendant
         where consent of the alleged victim is at issue and such
         evidence is otherwise admissible pursuant to the rules of
         evidence.

         (b) Evidentiary proceedings.—A defendant who proposes
         to offer evidence of the alleged victim’s past sexual conduct,
         past sexual victimization, allegations of past sexual
         victimization, opinion evidence of the alleged victim’s past
         sexual conduct and reputation evidence of the alleged
         victim’s past sexual conduct pursuant to subsection (a)
         shall file a written motion and offer of proof at the
         time of trial. If, at the time of trial, the court determines
         that the motion and offer of proof are sufficient on their
         faces, the court shall order an in camera hearing and shall
         make findings on the record as to the relevance and
         admissibility of the proposed evidence pursuant to the
         standards set forth in subsection (a).

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3104(a)-(b) (emphasis added). Subsection (c) provides that

this statute applies to prosecutions relating to sexual offenses.         See 18

Pa.C.S.A. § 3104(c).

      “The purpose of the Rape Shield Law is to prevent a trial from shifting

its focus from the culpability of the accused toward the virtue and chastity of

the victim. The Rape Shield Law is intended to exclude irrelevant and abusive

inquiries regarding prior sexual conduct of sexual assault complaints.”

Commonwealth v. Burns, 988 A.2d 684, 689 (Pa.Super. 2009) (en banc),

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appeal denied, 608 Pa. 615, 8 A.3d 341 (2010) (internal citation omitted).

            The text of the statute includes one specific exception to its
            general prohibition of past sexual conduct evidence,
            regarding the victim’s sexual conduct with the defendant
            where consent of the alleged victim is at issue and the
            evidence is otherwise admissible. 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3104(a).
            However, via interpretive efforts by the courts of this
            Commonwealth, the Rape Shield Statute has been found to
            bow to the following exceptions: (1) evidence that negates
            directly the act…with which a defendant is charged; (2)
            evidence demonstrating a witness’ bias or evidence that
            attacks credibility; and (3) evidence tending to directly
            exculpate the accused by showing that the alleged victim is
            biased and thus has motive to lie, fabricate, or seek
            retribution via prosecution.

Id. at 690.

      Further, “a defendant who desires to introduce evidence of the victim’s

prior sexual conduct must file a written motion and make a specific offer of

proof prior to trial.” Id. Regarding the requirement to file a written motion,

“[w]e will presume that the legislature intended ‘shall’ to be mandatory[.]”

Id. at 690-91. Thus, a defendant’s oral motion to introduce evidence of a

victim’s past sexual conduct, rather than written motion, is inadequate. See

id. (collecting cases).

      Instantly, the Commonwealth contends that Appellant failed to properly

seek admission of evidence involving Victim’s past sexual victimization where

he failed to file a written pre-trial motion to admit such evidence.         (See

Commonwealth’s Brief at 12-13).           We agree with the Commonwealth’s

position.    The record makes clear Appellant did not file a written motion

seeking to admit evidence of Victim’s past sexual victimization (or allegations

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of Victim’s past sexual victimization), but only moved orally to admit such

evidence during trial. Under these circumstances, exclusion of the proffered

evidence was proper. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3104(b); Burns, supra. We may

affirm the trial court’s ruling on any basis. See id. at 690 n.6.

      Moreover, the trial court reasoned:

           [Under the Rape Shield Law, Appellant’s] testimony of him
           walking in on the uncle and [Victim], as described above,
           and believing it to be an inappropriate sexual incident is not
           admissible as it would be evidence of [Victim’s] past sexual
           victimization    and/or     allegations  of    past    sexual
           victimizations.

           If the Superior Court believes § 3104 does not apply, the
           testimony is still excluded under the issue of relevance.

                                    *     *      *

           This [c]ourt determined that the statement by [Appellant]
           would be self-serving and since there was no other evidence
           to support [Appellant’s] statement, irrelevant. Therefore,
           [Appellant’s] testimony, a self-serving statement, would
           simply distract the jury from the sole legal question of
           whether [Appellant] sexually abused [Victim], and as such,
           was inadmissible.

(Trial Court Opinion at 13-16).

      We agree with the court’s analysis. The proffered evidence clearly falls

under the category of “past sexual victimization” or “allegations of past sexual

victimization,” as Appellant sought to testify regarding an incident where he

witnessed Victim’s uncle touch her inappropriately.           See 18 Pa.C.S.A.

3104(a).     As well, the proffered evidence does not fall under the limited

statutory exception, as the past victimization is not related to Appellant’s prior

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sexual conduct with Victim. See id.; Burns, supra. Further, the proffered

evidence was not being offered to challenge Victim’s credibility, to suggest

that she had a motive to lie or fabricate the allegations, or to directly negate

Appellant’s conduct. See id. Rather, Appellant sought to admit the proffered

evidence solely to explain Appellant’s state of mind and why he was explaining

“good touch/bad touch” to Victim after Appellant allegedly touched her private

parts accidentally while tickling her. Thus, even if Appellant had properly filed

a written motion seeking to admit the proffered evidence, the trial court

properly excluded it as prohibited by the Rape Shield Law. See 18 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 3104(a); Burns, supra. Finally, we see no abuse of discretion in the court’s

determination that the proffered evidence would have been inadmissible on

relevance grounds in any event. See Antidormi, supra. Accordingly, we

affirm.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 08/30/2023

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