Court Opinion

ID: 4296018
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-07-19 20:52:08.710794+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:40:13.802359
License: Public Domain

07/19/2018
        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT JACKSON
                            Assigned on Briefs May 2, 2018

             STATE OF TENNESSEE v. CURTIS LASHUN WREN

                 Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County
                      No. 05-03251       Chris Craft, Judge
                     ___________________________________

                           No. W2017-01978-CCA-R3-CD
                       ___________________________________

Defendant, Curtis Lashun Wren, appeals from the denial of relief from his “Ex Parte
Injunction and/or Show Cause Order,” which the trial court treated as a petition for writ
of habeas corpus. Because the pleading, even if treated as a petition for writ of habeas
corpus, does not meet the procedural requirements set forth in Tennessee Code Annotated
sections 29-21-105, -106, and/or -107, we affirm the judgment of the trial court, albeit for
different reasons.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

TIMOTHY L. EASTER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ALAN E. GLENN and
J. ROSS DYER, JJ., joined.

Curtis Lashun Wren, Clifton, Tennessee, Pro Se.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Jonathan H. Wardle, Assistant
Attorney General; Amy P. Weirich, District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of
Tennessee.

                                        OPINION

                           Factual and Procedural Background

       Defendant was indicted in May of 2005 for two counts of aggravated robbery, one
count of especially aggravated kidnapping, and one count of evading arrest. In February
of 2008, Defendant pled guilty to both counts of aggravated robbery, one count of
evading arrest, and a reduced charge of attempted especially aggravated kidnapping. The
plea agreement specified that Defendant would receive a fifteen-year sentence for each
aggravated robbery conviction, a fifteen-year sentence for the attempted especially
aggravated kidnapping conviction, and a two-year sentence for the evading arrest
conviction. The sentences for aggravated robbery and evading arrest were ordered to be
served concurrently while the sentence for attempted especially aggravated kidnapping
was ordered to be served consecutively to the other sentences, for a total effective
sentence of thirty years. The judgment sheets were signed by the trial court on February
13, 2008, but do not contain a file stamp.1

       Sometime thereafter, Defendant filed a petition for post-conviction relief. The
post-conviction court dismissed the petition on March 31, 2009. See Curtis Wren v.
State, No. W2017-00500-CCA-R3-PC, 2017 WL 4331054, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. Sept.
28, 2017) (“Wren II”), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Dec. 8, 2017). Defendant did not seek
an appeal from the dismissal of post-conviction relief. Id.

       Defendant then sought relief via the writ of habeas corpus. In the petition, he
alleged that he was incompetent and that he received ineffective assistance of counsel.
See Curtis L. Wren v. David Osborne, Warden, No. E2012-00072-CCA-R3-HC, 2012
WL 3201906, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. Aug. 8, 2012) (“Wren I”), no perm. app. filed.
The petition was summarily dismissed, and this Court affirmed the dismissal on appeal.

       In another attempt to obtain relief from his convictions and sentence, Defendant
filed another petition for post-conviction relief and/or motion to correct an illegal
sentence under Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 36.1. See Wren II, 2017 WL
4331054, at *1. This time, Defendant again alleged that he was incompetent, that trial
counsel improperly advised him that he could face a life sentence if he did not enter a
guilty plea, that counsel should have argued the two aggravated robbery convictions
violated double jeopardy, that there was new scientific evidence of his intellectual
disability, and that he received an illegal sentence. See id. The trial court summarily
dismissed the petition, and this Court affirmed the dismissal on appeal. See id. at *2-3.

        Next, in yet another attempt to challenge the validity of his convictions, Defendant
filed a pleading entitled “Ex Parte Injunction and/or Show Cause Order.” This pleading
was filed on August 28, 2017, the very same date the pleading was dismissed by the trial
court.2 In the pleading, Defendant argued that his conviction and sentence were

        1
          Defendant attached an amended judgment for one of the counts of aggravated robbery to his
pleading in the trial court. The amended judgment sheet corrects the original judgment by deselecting the
box requiring Defendant to remain on community supervision for life. The amended judgment sheet was
signed by the trial court on August 13, 2008. Again, this judgment sheet does not contain a file stamp.
        2
        While the pleading reflects a file-stamped date of August 28, 2017, the document was certified
by Defendant as mailed on August 9, 2017, and stamped “received” by the trial court on August 17, 2017.
                                                 -2-
somehow void because the judgment sheets were not file stamped. Defendant included
with this pleading a “sworn affidavit,” in which he argued that his conviction for
attempted especially aggravated kidnapping should merge with his convictions for
aggravated robbery, that his dual convictions for aggravated robbery violate double
jeopardy, and that new evidence proves that he was not competent to enter a guilty plea.

        The trial court entered an order denying relief on August 28, 2017. The trial court
acknowledged the judgments were not file stamped but noted that the “court jacket
reflect[s] that the judgment[s] were filed by the court clerk that date [February 13, 2008],
as would the court minutes for that date,” and that “[t]he lack of a file stamp on the
judgments is not jurisdictional.” The trial court treated the pleading as a petition for writ
of habeas corpus and denied relief on the basis that the judgments were not void.

        Defendant filed a notice of appeal on October 4, 2017.3

                                                Analysis

        On appeal, Defendant argues that the trial court improperly dismissed his motion.
Specifically, he insists that his “confinement is voidable since the court clerk failed to
properly enter his February 13, 2008 and Amended date of Aug. 13, 2008 judgment
pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 32(e),” resulting in his “illegal”
restraint by the Tennessee Department of Correction since September of 2008.
Defendant also again argues that his aggravated robbery convictions should be merged,
that the trial court failed to comply with Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 11 with
respect to the entry of his guilty plea, and that he should have received a hearing and
appointment of counsel in the trial court. The State disagrees, commenting on the fact
that it “is not clear [on] what basis [Defendant] could proceed under below” or now on
appeal. The State asks this Court to affirm the denial of relief.

       We do so, although for different reasons. The trial court below indulged
Defendant’s repeated attempt to challenge his convictions by treating his “Ex Parte
Injunction and/or Show Cause Order” as a petition for writ of habeas corpus. A writ of
habeas corpus is available “although no application be made therefor” to remedy an
        3
           The certificate of service on the notice of appeal indicates that it was given to prison mailroom
authorities on September 13, 2017. Because the notice was prepared by the pro se, incarcerated
petitioner, it was deemed timely if it was “delivered to the appropriate individual at the correctional
facility within the time fixed for filing.” Tenn. R. Crim. P. 49(d)(1) (“If a paper required or permitted to
be filed pursuant to the rules of criminal procedure is prepared by or on behalf of a pro se litigant
incarcerated in a correctional facility and is not received by the court clerk until after the deadline for
filing, the filing is timely if the paper was delivered to the appropriate individual at the correctional
facility within the time set for filing.”). Moreover, the timely filing of the notice of appeal is not
jurisdictional and can be waived by this Court in the interest of justice. Tenn. R. App. P. 4(a).
                                                     -3-
illegal imprisonment or restraint on liberty. T.C.A. § 29-21-104. Here, while we agree
that the habeas corpus court properly treated Defendant’s motion as a petition for writ of
habeas corpus, we disagree with the ultimate reason for the dismissal.

        “The grounds upon which habeas corpus relief will be granted are narrow.”
Hickman v. State, 153 S.W.3d 16, 20 (Tenn. 2004). In Tennessee, habeas corpus relief is
only available when a conviction is void because the trial court was without jurisdiction
or authority to sentence a defendant or when a defendant remains confined despite the
expiration of his sentence. See Summers v. State, 212 S.W.3d 251, 255 (Tenn. 2007). A
petition for habeas corpus relief is initiated by filing a petition in the court “most
convenient in point of distance to the applicant.” T.C.A. § 29-21-105. Moreover, the
petition should name the person causing the illegal restraint, ordinarily the warden, and
must identify and provide copies of prior habeas petitions. T.C.A. § 29-21-107(b)(1), (4).
A trial court can dismiss a petition for habeas relief for failure to follow these procedures
alone. See e.g., Davis v. State, 261 S.W.3d 16, 20 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2008); Ricardo
Davidson v. Avril Chapman, Warden, No. M2014-00565-CCA-R3-HC, 2014 WL
7011499, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App. Dec. 12, 2014), no perm. app. filed.

       Defendant filed the motion at issue herein in Shelby County. Defendant is
incarcerated in Clifton, Wayne County, Tennessee. Defendant’s motion, if a proper
habeas petition, should have been filed in Wayne County, Tennessee. In our view, the
trial court could have dismissed the motion, treated as a petition for writ of habeas
corpus, on these grounds alone. Even if we were to acquiesce to the procedural defects
with Defendant’s motion, he would still not be entitled to relief. Habeas corpus relief is
designed to contest void judgments. Nothing on the face of the judgment would entitle
him to relief. The lack of a file stamped date on a judgment form “[a]t most . . . amounts
to a clerical error” and does not render the convictions void on their face. See State v.
Gary Carr, No. W2016-01525-CCA-R3-CD, 2017 WL 2493687, at *2 (Tenn. Crim.
App. June 9, 2017), no perm. app. filed; Tenn. R. Crim. P. 32(e) (listing requirements of
the judgment form). Defendant has failed to establish that he is entitled to relief. The
judgment of the trial court dismissing the motion is affirmed.

                                              ____________________________________
                                              TIMOTHY L. EASTER, JUDGE

                                            -4-