Court Opinion

ID: 9636277
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-22 14:22:31.580266+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:09:43.782375
License: Public Domain

JOHN HILL, Justice (Assigned),
dissenting.
I respectfully dissent because the trial court lacked jurisdiction to consider Bird-well’s plea, since our record affirmatively reflects that the information upon which the prosecution was based was not filed until after Birdwell entered his plea.
Presentment of an indictment or information to a court invests the court with jurisdiction of the cause. See Tex. Const. art. V, § 12. An information is considered presented when it has been filed by the proper officer in the proper court. See Tex.Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 12.07. (Vernon 1977). In this case Birdwell’s written plea admonishments bear a file mark of 12:10 p.m. A “Waiver of Constitutional Rights, Agreement To Stipulate, and Judicial Confession” signed by Birdwell bears a file mark of 12:15 p.m. The face of this waiver indicates that Birdwell entered his plea prior to its being executed by the trial judge. The information upon which Birdwell was prosecuted bears a file mark of 12:18 p.m., with the number 12 appearing just to the right of the time. The record therefore reflects that Birdwell pleaded guilty before the presentation of the information. Consequently, the trial court did not have jurisdiction over the case at the time it received Birdwell’s plea. See Cook v. State, 902 S.W.2d 471, 475 n. 1 (Tex.Crim.App.1995); Davis v. State, 150 Tex.Crim. 463, 202 S.W.2d 943, 944 (1947)
Relying on the case of Flowers v. State, the State suggests that the clerk was handed the information and waiver of indictment at the conclusion of the plea *385hearing and was given the other plea papers at the beginning of the proceedings. See 696 S.W.2d 303 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 1985, no pet.). Even if the State’s version of the facts is true, the trial court still had no jurisdiction to accept Birdwell’s plea because the information was not presented to the court until it was filed with the clerk. In the State’s scenario, the presentment would have occurred after Birdwell entered his plea, which would have been taken before the court had jurisdiction. The court in Flowers held that a waiver of indictment validated a previously-filed information. See id. at 305. Unlike Flowers, the problem in this case is that the proceedings took place before, not after, the information was filed. The Flowers court concluded by saying, “Since it is not before us, we do not intend by this holding to indicate that it is not necessary to accomplish both the execution of the waiver and the filing of the information prior to the acceptance of a plea by the Court.” See id.
The State has made no assertion that there is any evidence in our record that would support a finding that the clerk actually received the information before Birdwell entered his plea, nor has it sought to supplement the record in order to make such a showing.
The State does not explain why, if Bird-well’s plea was taken before the information was presented, the trial court would have had jurisdiction to receive the plea. The State frames the issue as one in which Birdwell is contesting the lack of an indictment, as opposed to an information. However, that is not the issue before us.
The majority speculates that the information may have properly been presented prior to Birdwell’s plea, despite the fact that jour record affirmatively shows that it was not, and without any support in the record for such speculation. It is true, as stated by the majority, that in civil and criminal cases an instrument is deemed filed when it is left with the clerk, regardless of whether a file mark is placed on the instrument. The basic lesson we learn from the cases relied upon by the majority, such as Phariss v. State, 144 Tex.Crim. 234, 161 S.W.2d 1066 (1942) and Williams v. State, 767 S.W.2d 868, 871-72 (Tex.App.—Dallas 1989, pet. refd), is that in the absence of a file mark the court may receive evidence that shows when the information was actually given to the clerk, or that, in the absence of a file mark, the court on appeal will assume that the information was properly filed prior to the taking of the defendant’s plea. However, in this case there is a file mark showing that the information was filed after Birdwell entered his plea. Even though a file mark may not be conclusive as to when a document is officially filed, the purpose of these marks is to serve as an indication of when the filing occurred; they constitute evidence that the filing occurred at the time indicated thereon and are relied upon for that purpose. See Ancira v. State, 516 S.W.2d 924, 925 (Tex.Crim.App.1974). Even if we might infer from the plea papers, in the absence of a file mark, that the information was timely filed, as the court did in Williams, to make such a finding where there is a file mark showing a contrary inference would be to make a fact finding that this court is not authorized to make.
The majority states that the fact that the words “felony information” appear stamped on the docket sheet above where it indicates Birdwell enters his plea “shows unequivocally that the documents were executed and presented in the correct order,” and that “The docket sheet clearly shows that the information was filed with the court prior to the appellant’s plea.” In fact, the docket sheet, as set forth in the majority’s opinion, says nothing about when the felony information was filed with the clerk. It merely reflects that Birdwell was charged by felony information, as opposed to an indictment. The majority’s conclusion that it unequivocally and clearly shows that the information was filed before the plea is pure speculation because it *386does not logically follow from the information that is contained on the docket sheet.
Despite the fact that Birdwell has presented us with a record showing that the information was filed after he presented his plea, the majority contends that he has somehow failed to preserve error because he did not present a reporter’s record. I do not understand why such a record would be necessary to preserve the error where the error is shown by the file marks on the documents in our record. Also, a reporter’s record does not usually reflect when a document is filed with the clerk. That is ordinarily reflected by the file mark. I would hold that once the appellant has shown by file marks on the documents that the trial court lacked jurisdiction because the information was filed after the plea, and the issue is first presented on appeal, the State may seek to have the appeal abated and remanded to the trial court for a hearing to determine the order in which the documents were filed. In this case the State has not sought an abatement and the majority, while not accepting the undisputed showing that the information was not filed until after Birdwell entered his plea, has not chosen on the court’s own motion to abate the appeal for a hearing to determine the order in which the documents were filed.
In support of its finding that Birdwell failed to demonstrate and preserve error, the majority relies upon Montalvo v. State, 846 S.W.2d 138, 136-37 (Tex.App.—Austin 1993, no pet.); Anderson v. State, 720 S.W.2d 604, 607 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1986, no pet.); and Tex.R.App. P. 44.2(c)(3), (4). I find both Montalvo and Anderson to be distinguishable. In Mon-talvo, the court held that an appellant’s failure to present a statement of facts showing the rulings of the trial court to which the appellant assigns error presents nothing for review. Montalvo v. State, 846 S.W.2d at 137. In Anderson, the court held that the appellant presented nothing for review where he was contending, in the absence of a statement of facts, that he was not properly admonished when he entered his plea of guilty. In both cases the error that the appellant sought to present was not presented by a statement of facts, nor was it otherwise shown on the record. In this case the order in which the documents were filed is reflected by the file marks contained on those documents. Rule 44.2(c)(3) and (4) states that we must presume that the defendant was arraigned and that he pleaded to the indictment or other charging instrument. See Tex. R.App. P. 44.2(c)(3), (4). It is undisputed that Birdwell was arraigned and that he pleaded guilty to the information. The issue is whether he pleaded guilty before the information was presented. Even if the rule somehow required us to presume that the information was filed before the plea, which it does not purport to do, the presumption is overcome in this case by the file marks indicating that the information was filed after the plea.
The majority’s argument that the clerks may not have synchronized watches is again pure speculation that is not based upon any evidence. As previously noted, the file mark should be recognized as correct unless the contrary is shown by evidence.
In its conclusion, the majority indicates that in order to reverse this cause it would have to ignore the docket sheet and speculate about the order in which the documents were filed. In fact, neither is necessary because the docket sheet does not reflect the order in which the documents were filed, and, in the absence of other evidence, the file mark may be relied upon as being the correct time of filing.
I would reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand this cause for further proceedings.