Court Opinion

ID: 9810238
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-31 21:44:19.938534+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:39:30.543680
License: Public Domain

Hoke, J.,
after stating the case: The Federal Employer’s Liability Act, Federal Statutes Anno. 1909, Supp., p. 584, is designed and purports to regulate suits for physical injuries or death of employees of railroad companies, while engaged as common carriers of interstate commerce, wrongfully caused by the negligence of the officers, agents, or employees of such carriers, or by reason of negligence in its cars, engines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, works, bolts, wharves, or other equipment. It is now well established that this statute, when the same applies, affords the controlling and exclusive rule-of liability in these cases, and authoritative decisions construing the same are to the effect that in order to its proper application both the carrier and the employee must be engaged in interstate commerce, and in reference to the latter, in a more recent case, the position is stated with approval as follows: “As to the employee the act applies where the particular service in which he is employed at the time of the injury is a part of interstate commerce.” Ill. Cen. Ry. v. Behrens, 233 U. S., 473; Pendersen v. D. L. & W. R. R., 229 U. S., 146; Belch v. R. R., 176 N. C., 22, and authorities cited.
The cases on the subject hold further that the service of the employee should be properly considered a part of interstate commerce when his act at the time of the injury “was in aid of interstate transportation or so nearly related to it as to be practically a part of it.” Philadelphia, etc., Ry. v. Smith, current Supreme Court Eeporter U. S., p. 397; Kinzell v. Chicago, etc., Ry., advance opinion S. C., p. 477; Erie, etc., Ry. v. *560Winfried, 244 U. S., p. 174; So. Ry. v. Puckett, 244 U. S., p. 570; Receivers North Texas, etc., Ry. v. Rosenbaum, 240 U. S., 439. These and other like decisions being in approval and illustration of the Pen-dersen case, supra, where it was determined that the act applied where the injured employee-was engaged in carrying bolts to be used in the repairs of a bridge then being made; the bridge being within the confines of a State, but used by the company for both inter- and instrastate commerce, this, on the ground that as the bridge was itself an instrumentality of interstate transportation, the act of repairing it was necessarily one in aid of such transportation.
On the other hand, it was held in the case of Shanks v. Del., etc., Ry., 239 U. S., 556, that where an employee in a machine shop of a railroad company engaged- in intra- and interstate transportation was injured in taking down and putting up fixtures in the shop where engines engaged in such transportation were being repaired, could not maintain an action under the statute. And applying the principle to the subject of coal as an agency of transportation, it has been held, in Del., etc., Ry. v. Yukonis, 238 U. S., 439, that an employee of the carrier engaged in mining coal for use in interstate locomotives was not engaged in interstate commerce within the meaning of the Federal-act. And in Chicago, etc., Ry. v. Harrington, 241 U. S., 177, that the statute was not applicable where the employee of the company was injured while engaged in removing coal from storage tracks where it had remained for some time to the ■company’s coal sheds or chutes to be used in interstate hauls. And a similar ruling was made in Lehigh Valley R. R. v. Barlow, 244 U. S., 183. In the last case the injury seems to have been received on the unloading trestle in the yards of the company. Again, in Kelly v. Pa. R. R., 238 Fed., 95, it was held by the Circuit Court of Appeals on third circuit that a plaintiff’s cause was not within the statute when he, a foreman of a carpenter squad engaged in work of the company, had gone with some of his hands to do repair work on a roundhouse and coal chute, these structures being used for both classes of transportation, one of his men had been sent up on the roundhouse when plaintiff went to a signal tower near to procure material required for the repairs, and was run over and killed by a train on his way back to his work.
And in the very recent case of New York Central Ry. v. Gallagher, Guardian, 248 U. S., 559, a petition for certiorari was denied in a suit where an employee of a company engaged in transporting both kinds of commerce, was killed in repairing coal packets of the company from which coal was supplied from time to time to locomotives engaged in both inter- and intrastate commerce. That case originated on petition before the industrial commission of the State of New York, under a State statute for a claim on behalf of the infant dependent children of Daniel *561T. Gearity, tbei deceased employee; tbe facts stated being- to tbe effect that be came to bis death from injuries received by a fall from a plank on which he was standing and engaged in cutting heads off bolts in the coal packet building, etc. The commission have allowed the claim, the cause was carried by appeal of the railroad company to the appellate division of the Supreme Court on the ground that as the facts disclosed a case under the Federal Employer’s Liability Act, the proceeding under the State statute could not be maintained. The court ruled that the Federal act did not apply, and in sustaining the award of petitioner’s claim, it was held that a carpenter in the general employ of a State railroad engaged in repairing coal pockets from which coal was supplied to engines of the company engaged in inter- and intrastate commerce, was not engaged in repairing an instrumentality of interstate commerce, so as to prevent the application of the State statute, etc., 180 N. Y. Appellate Division Supreme Court, page 88. This ruling was affirmed by the Court of Appeal (222 N. Y., 649), a petition for certiorari to the Supreme Court of the United States setting forth that the facts brought the cause within the provisions of the Federal Employer’s Liability Act was denied as stated.
True, the action of the Supreme Court on these petitions for certiorari is not always necessarily intended to be controlling as a precedent, the exercise of revising power of the Court in this manner being to some extent discretionary (Hamilton Shoe Co. v. Wolf Bros., 240 U. S., 251; Forsyth v. Hammond, 166 U. S., 514, 515) ; but on a judgment making final disposition of the cause, and where the petition for certiorari directly challenged the right of the State board to allow the claim, on the ground that the Federal statute was controlling in the matter, it is the reasonable and well nigh the necessary inference that the Supreme Court of the United States intended to affirm the ruling of the New York Court that the act of the deceased employee was not one in aid of interstate commerce. From these decisions we conclude that coal as an agency of interstate transportation does not become such until it is supplied, or in the act of being supplied, to engines or trains engaged at the-time in carrying interstate commerce, and that the making of repairs, on a chute or structure where it is stored for the purpose of being supplied to inter- and intrastate engines as called for is not such an act in aid of interstate transportation as to bring an injured employee’s cause within the provisions of the Federal statute, the same being too remote..
The case of B. & O. R. R. v. Branson, 242 U. S., 623, reversing a decision of the State Court in which recovery had been awarded under the.Federal act, and two decisions in the State Court where relief under the act was denied, -Zavitocki’s Administrator v. Chicago Ry., 161 Wis., 461, *562and case of Grand Trunk Ry., reported in 100, at p. 908, are in general approval of tbe position.
The plaintiff, who is insisting on his right of recovery under the Federal statute, having failed to bring his case within its provisions, has been properly nonsuited and the judgment of the Superior Court to that effect is affirmed. S. Louis, etc., Ry. v. Seal, 229 U. S., 156; Belch v. R. R., 176 N. C., 22.
'Affirmed.