Court Opinion

ID: 9411743
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-07-27 18:00:55.477761+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:41:11.280343
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUL 27 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

AMIE JOSEPHINE BRUYER,                          No.    22-15621

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 2:20-cv-01574-SMB

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
KILOLO KIJAKAZI, Acting Commissioner
of Social Security,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Arizona
                   Susan M. Brnovich, District Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted July 11, 2023
                           San Francisco, California

Before: BEA, BENNETT, and H.A. THOMAS, Circuit Judges.

      Amie Bruyer appeals from the district court’s affirmance of the Social

Security Administration’s (the Agency’s) decision denying Social Security

Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits. Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1291, we reverse and remand.

      An Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) determined that Bruyer suffers from

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
severe medical impairments including fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, vestibulopathy,

dizziness, and migraines. But the ALJ found that Bruyer had the residual

functional capacity (RFC) “to perform a reduced range of sedentary work,” and

thus was ineligible for SSDI. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1567(a). As relevant to this

appeal, the ALJ discounted the medical opinion of two of Bruyer’s treating

physicians and Bruyer’s subjective symptom testimony. The district court

affirmed.

      We review the district court’s decision affirming denial of SSDI benefits de

novo. Ford v. Saul, 950 F.3d 1141, 1153–54 (9th Cir. 2020). Applying the same

standard used by the district court, we will reverse an ALJ’s decision denying

benefits only if it “contains legal error or is not supported by substantial evidence.”

Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). “In reviewing the [ALJ’s]

determination, a reviewing court considers the evidence in its entirety, weighing

both the evidence that supports and that detracts from the ALJ’s conclusion.”

Luther v. Berryhill, 891 F.3d 872, 875 (9th Cir. 2018). We “may only consider the

reasons provided by the ALJ in the disability determination and may not affirm the

ALJ on a ground upon which [she] did not rely.” Id. (internal quotation marks and

citation omitted).

      When a treating physician’s opinion is contradicted by the record, an ALJ

must “provide specific and legitimate reasons” for discounting it “that are

                                           2
supported by substantial evidence.” Coleman v. Saul, 979 F.3d 751, 756 (9th Cir.

2020).1 An ALJ meets this standard “by setting out a detailed and thorough

summary of the facts and conflicting clinical evidence, stating [her] interpretation

thereof, and making findings.” Trevizo v. Berryhill, 871 F.3d 664, 675 (9th Cir.

2017) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).2 And when, as here, an ALJ

finds that a claimant suffers from an underlying medical impairment that could

reasonably be expected to produce the symptoms alleged and there is no evidence

of malingering, the ALJ may reject the claimant’s subjective testimony only “by

offering specific, clear and convincing reasons for doing so.” Lingenfelter v.

Astrue, 504 F.3d 1028, 1036 (9th Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks and citation

omitted). Specifically, “the ALJ must identify what testimony is not credible and

what evidence undermines the claimant’s complaints.” Ghanim v. Colvin, 763

F.3d 1154, 1163 (9th Cir. 2014) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

      1. The ALJ did not provide “specific and legitimate reasons” for

1
  It is unclear whether the ALJ believed the medical opinions at issue were
contradicted by the record. When the opinion of a treating physician is
uncontradicted, the ALJ must provide “clear and convincing reasons” for rejecting
it. Coleman, 979 F.3d at 756. But Bruyer prevails even under the more deferential
“specific and legitimate reasons” standard.
2
  The Agency changed its regulations regarding when an ALJ may discount or
reject certain medical evidence. Revisions to Rules Regarding the Evaluation of
Medical Evidence, 82 Fed. Reg. 5844 (2017). But Bruyer’s claim was filed before
these changes took effect in March 2017, so the new guidelines do not apply.

                                          3
discounting the opinion of Bruyer’s rheumatologist, Dr. Ramin Sabahi. Although

the ALJ described Dr. Sabahi’s records as “limited,” she did not note or apparently

weigh the fact that Dr. Sabahi saw Bruyer at least a dozen times between 2015 and

2018 or that Dr. Sabahi specializes in rheumatology, which is relevant to Bruyer’s

fibromyalgia diagnosis. See Trevizo, 871 F.3d at 675–76 (finding that an ALJ

erred in discounting the opinion of a treating physician by in part failing to discuss

“the length of the treating relationship, the frequency of examination, [and] the

nature and extent of the treatment relationship”). Moreover, while the ALJ noted

portions of Dr. Sabahi’s treatment notes that support the ALJ’s determination,

other portions of his notes are to the contrary. For example, Dr. Sabahi’s notes

from the day he completed his RFC evaluation report many instances of Bruyer’s

pain and other symptoms consistent with Bruyer’s impairments. See Garrison v.

Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1012–14 (9th Cir. 2014) (ALJ erred by “ignor[ing] most of

[the doctor’s] treatment records”). The ALJ cited no objective medical evidence

that expressly undermines or contradicts Dr. Sabahi’s RFC opinion. See Trevizo,

871 F.3d at 677.

      2. The ALJ also did not provide “specific and legitimate reasons” for

discounting the opinion of Bruyer’s neurologist, Dr. Jason Reinhart. Again, the

ALJ did not note or apparently weigh Dr. Reinhart’s relevant specialty or the fact

that Dr. Reinhart saw Bruyer least five times between 2018 and 2019. Trevizo, 871

                                          4
F.3d at 675–76. And contrary to the ALJ’s characterization, Dr. Reinhart’s notes

(in addition to records from other providers) do reflect consistent reports of

headaches and dizziness. See Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1012–14. Although the ALJ

is correct that Dr. Reinhart found that Bruyer’s dizziness improved with physical

therapy, Dr. Reinhart’s RFC determination was based on Bruyer’s fibromyalgia,

headaches, and dizziness. Thus, improvement in one symptom area is insufficient

to discount Dr. Reinhart’s entire RFC opinion. See Orn, 495 F.3d at 634

(“Consistency [in a doctor’s records] does not require similarity in findings over

time despite a claimant’s evolving medical status.”). And the ALJ cited no

medical evidence that specifically undermines or contradicts Dr. Reinhart’s RFC

opinion. See Trevizo, 871 F.3d at 677.3

      3. The ALJ did not provide “specific, clear and convincing reasons” for

discounting Bruyer’s subjective symptom testimony. The ALJ identified no

specific portions of Bruyer’s testimony that she discounted.4 And although the

3
 The government contends in part that the ALJ was entitled to discount Dr.
Sabahi’s and Dr. Reinhart’s RFC opinions because they took the form of “check-
box” reports. First, the ALJ did not expressly make this finding. But even if she
had, an ALJ may not discount a treating physician’s opinion simply because it
appears in a “check-box” report. See Popa v. Berryhill, 872 F.3d 901, 907 (9th
Cir. 2017).
4
  For example, the ALJ did not discuss Bruyer’s testimony that she would need to
lay down for about two hours during a typical workday, which would render her
unemployable according to independent testimony from a vocational expert.

                                          5
ALJ provided a general summary of the medical evidence, she did not connect this

evidence to Bruyer’s testimony. See Brown-Hunter v. Colvin, 806 F.3d 487, 494

(9th Cir. 2015) (ALJ erred by, as here, “simply stat[ing] her non-credibility

conclusion and then summariz[ing] the medical evidence supporting her RFC

determination”); Ghanim, 763 F.3d at 1163.

      4. The ALJ’s errors were not harmless because to the extent the opinions

and testimony discussed above are credited, they could demonstrate that Bruyer

does not have the RFC necessary to obtain gainful employment, and thus would be

eligible for SSDI benefits. See Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1041. However, because

“the record raises crucial questions about the extent to which [Bruyer’s] pain and

accompanying symptoms render her disabled,” we reverse the district court’s

decision and remand with instructions to remand to the Agency for further

proceedings consistent with this opinion on an open record. Brown-Hunter, 806

F.3d at 495-96.

      REVERSED and REMANDED.

                                          6