Court Opinion

ID: 4255487
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-03-16 15:00:21.819522+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:27:29.518916
License: Public Domain

17-605
      United States of America v. Lerebours-Marte

                               UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                   FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                            SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER
FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT
FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC
DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST
SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

                     At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second
      Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the
      City of New York, on the 16th day of March, two thousand eighteen.

      PRESENT:
                          ROBERT A. KATZMANN,
                                      Chief Judge,
                          PIERRE N. LEVAL,
                                      Circuit Judge,
                          RICHARD M. BERMAN,
                                      District Judge.*

      UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                  Appellee,

                          v.                                                         No. 17-605

      GIOVANNI LEREBOURS-MARTE, AKA Caballo,

                                  Defendant-Appellant,

          For Appellee:                                           Susan Corkery and Nathan Reilly for Richard
                                                                  P. Donoghue, United States Attorney for the

      *
       Judge Richard M. Berman, United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, sitting by
      designation.

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                                                     Eastern District of New York, New York,
                                                     NY.

 For Defendant-Appellant:                            Colleen P. Cassidy, Federal Defenders of
                                                     New York, Inc., New York, NY.

       Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of

New York (Garaufis, J.).

       UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

       Defendant Giovanni Lerebours-Marte appeals from a judgment of the United States

District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Garaufis, J.), entered March 20, 2017,

granting Lerebours-Marte’s motion for a sentence reduction under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) and

Amendment 782 to the United States Sentencing Guidelines. We assume the parties’ familiarity

with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.

       In 2009, Lerebours-Marte pled guilty to conspiracy to distribute and attempted possession

of one kilogram or more of heroin and five kilograms or more of cocaine, in violation of 21

U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846, and was sentenced to concurrent terms of 405 months’

imprisonment. The sentence represented the top of the applicable Guidelines range, and was

affirmed on appeal in 2012. United States v. Lerebours-Marte, 468 F. App’x 81 (2d Cir. 2012).

       In 2015, Lerebours-Marte filed a motion to reduce his sentence pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §

3582(c)(2) and Amendment 782 to the United States Sentencing Guidelines, which retroactively

lowered the sentencing range for certain drug-related offenses. See Amendment 782, Supplement

to Appendix C—Amendments to the Guidelines Manual. Lerebours-Marte sought a sentence of

262 months’ imprisonment, representing the bottom of the adjusted Guidelines range of 262 to

327 months’ incarceration. The district court granted the motion but reduced Lerebours-Marte’s

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sentence to a term of 327 months—a sentence at the top of the adjusted Guidelines range. This

appeal followed.

         This Court reviews a district court’s ruling on a motion for a sentence reduction under 18

U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) for abuse of discretion. United States v. Rios, 765 F.3d 133, 137 (2d Cir.

2014). A district court abuses its discretion only when the court’s ruling rests “on an erroneous

view of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence,” or “cannot be located

within the range of permissible decisions.” United States v. Borden, 564 F.3d 100, 104 (2d Cir.

2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).

         When considering a motion for a sentence reduction under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2), a

district court must conduct a two-step inquiry. Dillon v. United States, 560 U.S. 817, 826 (2010).

First, the district court must determine whether the defendant is eligible for a sentence reduction

and the extent of the authorized reduction. If the defendant is eligible for a sentence reduction,

then the court must next determine, in its discretion, whether such a reduction is warranted either

in whole or in part. Id. at 827. In making the latter determination, the court must refer to the

factors set out in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), and may also consider other factors, including the

defendant’s conduct subsequent to his incarceration. United States v. Wilson, 716 F.3d 50, 52 (2d

Cir. 2013).

         Lerebours-Marte argues that the district court abused its discretion at the second stage of

the two-step inquiry. In particular, he argues that the district court treated the sentencing

determination as a binary choice between a sentence at the top or bottom of the amended range,

by giving no credit to his progress towards rehabilitation in prison, and by thoughtlessly and

without recognition of its lawful alternatives imposing a maximum sentence.1 We disagree.

1
 Lerebours-Marte also repeats the argument, made on his first direct appeal, that he is entitled to a shorter sentence
because he attempted to cooperate. We have already concluded that the district court did not abuse its discretion in

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         There is no indication that the court treated its sentencing decision as a choice between a

sentence at the top or bottom of the adjusted range. The court instead recognized that it had

authority to issue an array of sentences, and explained that Lerebours-Marte was “eligible to

have his sentence reduced to a term as low as 262 months.” App. 172 (emphasis added). There is

additionally no indication that the district court failed to consider Lerebours-Marte’s

rehabilitation efforts in prison or that it carried over its determination from the original sentence

without awareness of the allowable range. The court noted that Lerebours-Marte had improved

his disciplinary record and completed a drug rehabilitation program, but also noted that

Lerebours-Marte had committed five disciplinary infractions during his incarceration. The court

accordingly selected a term at the top of the amended Guidelines range, which reflected “the

Sentencing Commission’s most recent recommendation as to appropriate punishments, while

respecting Section 3553’s enduring guidance.” Id. at 175. Based on this record, we cannot say

that the district court abused its discretion by sentencing Lerebours-Marte to a term of

imprisonment at the top of his adjusted Guidelines range.

         We have considered all of Lerebours-Marte’s contentions on appeal and have found in

them no basis for reversal or vacatur. For the reasons stated herein, the judgment of the district

court is AFFIRMED.

                                                       FOR THE COURT:
                                                       Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk

declining to reduce Lerebours-Marte’s sentence on this basis. See Lerebours-Marte, 468 F. App’x at 84 (“In addition
to noting that it questioned whether the defendant was sincere in his efforts to cooperate, the district court noted that
the defendant was involved in a very serious, concerted and dangerous criminal enterprise that could have and may
have placed lives in danger.” (internal quotation marks omitted)). We find no basis to revisit that determination now.

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