Court Opinion

ID: 4625190
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-21 02:56:44.608117+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:56:39.536108
License: Public Domain

Babetta Schmidt, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, RespondentSchmidt v. CommissionerDocket No. 54932United States Tax Court28 T.C. 367; 1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191; May 14, 1957, Filed 1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*191 Decision will be entered under Rule 50.  1. Petitioner's overpayment of 1944 estimated tax taken as credit against 1945 tax liability, held, to afford no occasion for determination by Tax Court as to either 1944 which was not placed in issue, nor as to 1945, as to which deficiency is conceded and no amount in excess of admitted tax liability is shown to have been paid.2. Petitioner's failure to file timely individual income tax returns, held, on the facts, not due to reasonable cause. Tom B. Markley, Esq., for the petitioner. 1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*192 Edward H. Boyle, Esq., for the respondent.  Opper, Judge.  OPPER28 T.C. 367">*367  Respondent determined deficiencies in income tax and 25 per cent additions to tax under section 291 (a), Internal Revenue Code of 1939, for failure to file timely returns as follows:YearsDeficienciesAdditions to tax1944$ 95.001945255.58$ 682.15194644.141947137.871948125.151949502.3219511,124.15Petitioner claims to have made overpayments for the following additions to tax previously assessed and paid for failure to file timely returns:YearsAdditions to tax1945$ 249.111947444.451948175.031951245.09No deficiencies are in issue.  Those for 1944 and 1949 are not contested in the petition.  For 1951 respondent concedes that there is no deficiency in income tax and that there is an overpayment of $ 125.85.  For 1945 petitioner concedes the deficiency determined, but claims error in respondent's failure to give credit on account of $ 2,378 from unapplied payment of estimated tax for 1944.The remaining issues are (1) what, if any, action should be taken with respect to a claimed credit for 1945, based on unapplied payment of estimated1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*193  tax for 1944, and (2) whether petitioner is subject to the 25 per cent additions to tax for failure to file timely returns.28 T.C. 367">*368  FINDINGS OF FACT.The stipulated facts are hereby found.Petitioner, born in Germany in 1874, came to this country before 1900.  Since her husband's death in 1939, she received rents from certain property.  Except for the rental property, petitioner carried on no business activities.Petitioner understood her obligation to file income tax returns, but had no personal knowledge or ability to prepare returns.  Prior to her husband's death, she took information to the local Internal Revenue Bureau office for assistance.  About 1932, on her sons' recommendation, she retained the person who prepared their returns, hereafter referred to as the accountant, to do her income tax work.  The sons, who were in business, employed the accountant from 1930 to 1951.Petitioner employed the accountant from 1932 until about 1952 to do her income tax work.  The accountant, although never certified or licensed as a public accountant, held himself out to be a tax consultant, auditor, and public accountant through 1953.  After 1937 the State of California required licensing1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*194  of public accountants.Following petitioner's call to him, the accountant would come to her house for income tax information.  She or her daughter recorded certain information in an account book.  The book adequately reflected receipts and disbursements and the information necessary to prepare income tax returns.  The accountant also would request certain oral explanations.The accountant would take petitioner's information and return later with papers for her to sign.  Petitioner from time to time paid the accountant his requested fees, averaging about $ 200 per year, for his income tax services.The accountant prepared petitioner's income tax returns through 1943.  He left the returns with her and she filed them in time.  For each of the years 1944, 1946, and 1948 through 1951, he prepared Forms 1040 ES, declaration of estimated tax, for petitioner, which she signed and which were timely filed. Petitioner made payments with each Form 1040 ES that was filed.Petitioner did not file timely returns, Form 1040, for 1944 through 1949 and 1951.  In 1952, the accountant brought returns for 1944 through 1949 and 1951 to her home for her signature.  He gave illness as excuse for the delay. 1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*195  Petitioner's son refused to allow her to pay the accountant a $ 500 invoice for services.  The accountant assured them that they need not worry if they paid the tax due on the returns.  He obtained an extension of time only for 1950.The accountant prepared an affidavit for petitioner to sign and attach to the returns which stated that the delay in filing --28 T.C. 367">*369  was not due to any intent on my [petitioner's] part to hinder, delay, defraud, evade, or avoid taxation, but was due to the prolonged illness of my accountant.The accountant prepared the returns in 1952.On June 30, 1952, petitioner filed delinquent income tax returns for 1944 through 1949 and 1951 with the collector of internal revenue for the first district of California.  She timely filed her 1950 return on August 15, 1951, pursuant to an extension of time granted for that year.Upon receiving the delinquent returns, respondent determined deficiencies and additions to tax for failure to file, for certain years for which delinquent returns were filed.Petitioner's declaration of estimated tax for 1944 showed an estimated liability of $ 2,473.  She paid $ 618.25 on each of April 15, June 14, and September 11, 1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*196  1944, and January 4, 1945.  Her 1944 income tax return, delinquently filed on June 30, 1952, showed no liability and requested that the $ 2,473 overpayment be credited against her 1945 estimated tax. Neither she nor anyone acting in her behalf filed a declaration of estimated tax for her for 1945.On her 1945 income tax return, delinquently filed on June 30, 1952, petitioner entered the $ 2,473 as a payment on her 1945 declaration of estimated tax, reducing her income tax liability accordingly.  Respondent applied part of the $ 2,473 to pay the conceded deficiency determined for 1944.  No part of the $ 2,473 has been allowed in satisfaction of petitioner's tax liability for 1945 or any later year.Petitioner's failure to file timely returns for the years in controversy was not due to reasonable cause.OPINION.The record is not as clear as it might be, but as nearly as can be ascertained, the first issue arises against the following background: In 1944 petitioner concededly overpaid her estimated tax for that year by some $ 2,400.  No estimate was filed for 1945, and until 1952 no final returns were filed for the years 1944 through 1949.  In the 1944 return filed in 1952, petitioner1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*197  requested that her 1944 overpayment be applied against estimated tax, and in her 1945 return filed at the same time, she requested that the 1944 overpayment be applied against her tax for 1945.  Her 1945 return showed as due only the computed tax less the deducted 1944 overpayment. And apparently only the difference was paid with the return in 1952.Respondent has determined deficiencies for 1944 and 1945 as well as for two of the other years but none of these deficiencies are in issue.  The first controversy appears accordingly to be whether the Tax Court has any basis for determining that there has been an overpayment for 1945 when, in fact, no amount has been paid beyond that concededly due.28 T.C. 367">*370  In her motion to amend her petition, petitioner states the proposition as follows:Since the filing of the petition herein and the respondent's answer thereto, the Director of Internal Revenue has issued his demand for payment against petitioner on Form 21A, for the year 1945 in the amount of $ 2,473.00 plus interest.  Despite the fact that the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in his notice of deficiency * * * asserted no such deficiency of $ 2,473.00 for said year 1945; and, until1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*198  the issuance by the District Director of a demand for payment, taxpayer had no notice of any disallowance of said credit or that the same was in issue.  Therefore, the dispute by the petitioner and respondent as to whether petitioner, in computing the amount due the government in the year in question, correctly took the aforesaid credit of $ 2,473.00 cannot be resolved in this proceeding, and taxpayer will be forced to seek an injunction against the Director of Internal Revenue restraining him from collecting said tax unless petitioner is allowed to amend her petition herein, thereby framing the issue.  [Emphasis added.]No appeal has been taken from the determination with respect to 1944, the year when the payment in question was made.  The Tax Court accordingly has no jurisdiction over that year.  John R. Thompson Co., 10 B. T. A. 57. The record appears to indicate that there has been no overpayment for 1945, or at least petitioner, on whom lay the burden, has not proved otherwise.  As petitioner points out, respondent did not determine any deficiency with respect to the 1945 credit for the 1944 overpayment. See John Moir et al., 3 B. T. A. 21,1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*199  but see sec. 271 (b) (1), I. R. C. 1939.  He has hence not found in any determination over which we have jurisdiction that the credit for the overpayment was improperly taken.  There is nothing upon which the Tax Court could properly act.  We could not determine that there is no deficiency or that there is a deficiency of a different amount since 1944 is not in issue and 1945 is conceded.  Cf.  Ribbon Cliff Fruit Co., 12 B. T. A. 13, 17. We could not determine that there has been an overpayment for 1944 because that year is not before us, nor for 1945, since the facts do not show that anything more than the tax due, even on petitioner's own statement, has actually been paid.We intimate no opinion as to whether respondent could now determine a further deficiency in tax for 1945 thereby placing in issue the propriety of the credit taken.  But see sec. 272 (f), I. R. C. 1939.  It may be that under appropriate circumstances petitioner could prevent the threatened assessment and levy by resorting to the injunctive process.  See Repetti v. Jamison, (N. D., Cal.) 131 F. Supp. 626">131 F. Supp. 626, affd. (C. A. 9) 239 F.2d 901.1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*200 Upon this possibility also we are required to express no opinion.  1 We conclude only that in the present posture of the case there is no determination which the Tax Court can make on the issue as presented except that the deficiency in income tax for 1945 was properly determined and that there is no overpayment of tax for that year.28 T.C. 367">*371  On the second issue, we have found it impossible to make the finding requested by petitioner, that she relied upon her accountant to prepare all necessary1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*201  returns for her and that, therefore, her failure to file any timely final returns whatever for the years in question was due to "reasonable cause." 2 This results not so much from the question of whether the accountant himself was properly qualified, an issue as to which we find it unnecessary to express an opinion, see Walter H. Kaltreider, 28 T.C. 121; Heatbath Corporation, 14 T.C. 332; Hermax Co., 11 T.C. 442, affirmed per curiam (C. A. 3) 175 F.2d 776, as from petitioner's own testimony.According to her statement, it was her practice to take the initiative 1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*202  in calling upon the accountant for the preparation of any required documents.  Her evidence offers no explanation as to the complete absence of any timely returns for the years 1945 and 1947.  Even if she might otherwise have thought that a return of estimated tax was sufficient, the record indicates that in those 2 years not even the estimates were filed.  And there is no explanation.The accountant testified that for the year 1945 he prepared and delivered to her a declaration of estimated tax. Petitioner was silent as to this point.  For whatever reason, the estimate was not filed.  1945 is the earliest of the "penalty" years involved here.  The lack of any showing of reasonable cause for the failure to file currently any returns whatever for that year and for 1947 colors petitioner's entire conduct with respect to the whole period.  While we need not say that she was guilty of willful neglect, and indeed respondent concedes this portion of the issue, we cannot on the evidence find that in any of the years the failure to file the final return was due to reasonable cause. Petitioner must have known that the accountant could not be relied upon if he failed to prepare her 1945 estimate. 1957 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 191">*203  She must have been guilty of indifference to the requirements of the law if she failed to get in touch with him for that purpose, or neglected to file any estimate that was prepared.  In either event, her frame of mind indicates a lack of that respect for the legal requirements which would make it possible for us to determine that all of the omissions were due to reasonable cause. See Rene R. Bouche, 18 T.C. 144. The facts alluded to distinguish this from such situations as Herbert Marshall, 41 B. T. A. 1064, and Estate of Frederick C. Kirchner, 46 B. T. A. 578. On this issue respondent is sustained.Decision will be entered under Rule 50.  Footnotes1. The parties have stipulated that "no part of the $ 2,473.00 has been allowed in satisfaction of petitioner's tax liability for 1945 or any later year," and we have so found.  We construe this as meaning merely that respondent has taken no affirmative factual action to allow any such credit.  To the extent that he may, as a matter of law, have so acted as to cause some different result to follow, the matter is not factual and cannot be stipulated by the parties, and this, as we have already emphasized, is not being decided here.↩2. SEC. 291. FAILURE TO FILE RETURN.(a) In case of any failure to make and file return required by this chapter, within the time prescribed by law or prescribed by the Commissioner in pursuance of law, unless it is shown that such failure is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, there shall be added to the tax: * * *↩