Court Opinion

ID: 8208468
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-22 17:02:11.450602+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:41:32.771088
License: Public Domain

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE

                            MEAGEN G., Appellant,

                                         v.

        DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, A.G., M.G., Appellees.

                              No. 1 CA-JV 22-0058
                                FILED 9-22-2022

            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                              Nos. JD527571
                                   JS520001
                 The Honorable Cassie Bray Woo, Judge

                                   AFFIRMED

                                    COUNSEL

Denise L. Carroll Esq., Scottsdale
Counsel for Appellant

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Tucson
By Autumn Spritzer
Counsel for Appellee, Department of Child Safety
                         MEAGEN G. v. DCS, et al.
                          Decision of the Court

                      MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Jennifer B. Campbell delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Brian Y. Furuya and Judge Paul J. McMurdie joined.

C A M P B E L L, Judge:

¶1             Meagen G. appeals from the termination of her parental rights
to her two children on the grounds of fifteen-months’ out-of-home
placement.1 See A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(8)(c). She also challenges the juvenile
court’s statutory and best interests findings. Because the record supports
the court’s findings, we affirm.

                             BACKGROUND2

¶2             Meagen G. (Mother) is the biological mother of Luanne and
Zoe, who were born in 2007 and 2011, respectively.3 About three years after
Zoe’s birth, the Department of Child Safety (DCS) took the two girls into
custody because of their father’s (Father) incarceration and Mother’s mental
and physical health issues, substance abuse, and neglect. The juvenile court
later found the girls dependent regarding Mother. See Meagen G. v. Dep’t of
Child Safety, 1 CA-JV 14-0262, 2015 WL 680752, at *1, ¶ 1 (Ariz. App. Feb. 17,
2015) (mem. decision) (affirming dependency). After Father’s release the
next year, the court placed the girls in his care and dismissed the
dependency. In 2018, Father was imprisoned again for forgery. The girls
continued living with their stepmother until she became ill, after which the
girls went to live with relatives in Kansas.

¶3            In 2019, the girls’ guardian ad litem petitioned the court for a
finding of dependency regarding Mother because of her continuing mental
health issues, substance abuse, and neglect, which the juvenile court later

1       The juvenile court also terminated the children’s father’s parental
rights, but he is not a party to this appeal.
2      We view the evidence in the light most favorable to upholding the
juvenile court’s termination ruling. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec. v. Matthew L.,
223 Ariz. 547, 549, ¶ 7 (App. 2010).
3      We use pseudonyms to protect the minors’ identities.

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                          Decision of the Court

granted. In June 2021, DCS petitioned to terminate Mother’s parental rights
because of the girls’ out-of-home placement, citing Mother’s failure to
participate in services and her ongoing mental health and substance abuse
issues.

¶4             During the second dependency and termination proceedings,
DCS provided the family with several reunification services, referring
Mother for drug testing and treatment, and facilitated visitation services.
Mother missed nearly all her DCS-referred drug tests, submitting just five
samples. Four of the samples were positive for methamphetamines or
amphetamines or both, including her last test in March 2021; the fifth
sample was too diluted to test. Mother also failed to follow through with
six referrals for drug-treatment services. Mother self-referred to several
inpatient behavioral-health programs between 2019 and 2021. During
treatment, Mother disclosed that she struggled with alcohol and drug
addiction, suicidal ideation, and a brain injury. She also informed her
provider that she had been arrested “about 50 times,” including twice for
DUI, and that she had been hospitalized for mental health and substance
abuse more than ten times.

¶5              After their removal in 2014, Mother had no regular visitation
with the girls—partly because the juvenile court ordered that visitation be
at the girls’ discretion, and the girls were adamant about not wanting to
interact with her. The girls visited Mother once in 2019, reporting Mother
slept for most of the visit, and there was little food in her house. Luanne
told DCS that when the girls lived with Mother, she often did not feed them
or have food in the house, she drank alcohol and used drugs, and she
“like[d] to get crazy” and threw “fit[s].” Luanne also said Mother “would
hit [the girls] whenever she could on their bod[ies],” “ha[d] thrown . . . dolls
at Zoe,” and “ha[d] thrown plates at her head,” causing bruises. The girls
said they were “terrified” of Mother and no longer viewed her as their
parent. Mother did send the girls letters, cards, and gifts. In addition, she
and the older girl, Luanne, communicated by text—without DCS’s
knowledge or permission—in the months before the severance hearing.

¶6             The juvenile court held a two-day severance hearing in
February 2022. At that time, Mother had been in inpatient treatment for
about four-and-a-half months for mental health and substance-abuse
disorders. While in treatment, Mother maintained her sobriety and
participated in mental health appointments. She had also been employed
full-time for about a month and was eligible for discharge to a sober living
facility within a week or two. After the hearing, the juvenile court
terminated Mother’s parental rights under A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(8)(c) on the

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                          MEAGEN G. v. DCS, et al.
                           Decision of the Court

grounds of fifteen-months’ out-of-home placement. Mother timely
appealed.

                                DISCUSSION

¶7              Mother challenges the juvenile court’s findings on the
statutory ground for termination and the girls’ best interests. To terminate
parental rights, the “court must find, by clear and convincing evidence, at
least one of the statutory grounds set out in [A.R.S. §] 8-533, and also that
termination is in the best interest[s] of the child.” Jessie D. v. Dep’t of Child
Safety, 251 Ariz. 574, 579, ¶ 8 (2021) (quotation omitted). “We review the
court’s termination decision for an abuse of discretion and will affirm
unless no reasonable evidence supports the court’s findings.” Id. at ¶ 10.
We review de novo, however, the interpretation and application of A.R.S. §
8-533. Id. at 580, ¶ 10.

I.     Statutory Grounds

¶8            To terminate a parent’s rights under A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(8)(c),
DCS must prove, as relevant here, that it “has made a diligent effort to
provide appropriate reunification services” and “there is a substantial
likelihood that the parent will not be capable of exercising proper and
effective parental care and control in the near future.” Mother challenges
the sufficiency of the evidence for both elements.

       A.     Reunification Services

¶9             Mother first challenges the juvenile court’s finding that DCS
made appropriate reunification efforts before severance. DCS has statutory
and constitutional obligations to make reasonable and diligent efforts to
reunify the family before termination. Jordan C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec.,
223 Ariz. 86, 93, ¶ 19 (App. 2009); A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(8). DCS need not
“provide every conceivable service” or “undertake rehabilitative measures
that are futile” or duplicative. Id. at 94, ¶ 20 (quotation omitted); Pima Cnty.
Severance Action No. S-2397, 161 Ariz. 574, 577 (App. 1989). Instead, it must
only “provide a parent with the time and opportunity to participate in
programs designed to improve the parent’s ability to care for the child” and
“undertake measures with a reasonable prospect of success.” Jordan C., 223
Ariz. at 94, ¶ 20 (quotation omitted).

¶10           Here, the juvenile court found DCS had met its obligation by
offering Mother drug testing and treatment, facilitated visitation services,
and case management. Mother challenges the lack of visitation, contending
reunification “could [n]ever be achieved without it” and faulting DCS for

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                          MEAGEN G. v. DCS, et al.
                           Decision of the Court

failing to permit at least therapeutic visitation or family counseling. But as
Mother admitted, the girls were upset to see Mother because of her
behavior, and Mother did not become sober until late 2021. Any form of live
interaction—even therapeutic visitation or family counseling—would have
been futile until Mother was sober and mentally healthy, and the girls were
ready to see her. The girls received counseling services throughout the
proceedings, and DCS discussed visitation with them monthly, but the girls
said “absolutely no” to visitation and were “not ready” for even telephone
communication. Mother did not contest DCS’s motion to suspend visitation
in July 2020. See Michael J. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 196 Ariz. 246, 251, ¶ 25
(2000) (“The burden to act as a parent rests with the parent, who should
assert h[er] legal rights at the first and every opportunity.”)

¶11            Mother also faults DCS for not providing behavioral health
services or a psychological evaluation. Mother self-referred for behavioral
treatment throughout the case, and DCS did not have to duplicate those
services. As for the psychological evaluation, DCS required Mother to show
30 days of sobriety before they would dedicate the resources for this service.
By the time Mother did so—about three months before the severance
hearing—the psychological evaluation was not feasible because Mother
remained in inpatient treatment. Mother had more than two years to
establish sobriety after the second dependency proceeding began. The lack
of a psychological evaluation is attributable to her failure to timely maintain
sobriety, not a failure of DCS’s reunification efforts. See Maricopa Cnty. Juv.
Action No. JS-4283, 133 Ariz. 598, 601 (App. 1982) (explaining “[w]hile [child
welfare agency] had the responsibility to make all reasonable efforts to
preserve the family relationship, its responsibility was not without limits
and at some point the mother was required to make a good faith effort to
reunite the family” (citation omitted)).

¶12           In sum, any lack of services was caused mainly by Mother’s
behavior and choices. The juvenile court did not err in concluding DCS had
met its obligation to attempt to reunify the family.

       B.      Likelihood of Effectively Parenting in Near Future

¶13           Citing both her testimony and her clinician’s, Mother argues
“she had turned her life around,” “was addressing both her mental health
issues as well as her substance addiction matters,” and was “working and
looking for a stable home.” She contends DCS offered nothing to refute that
evidence or to show she would be unable to parent in the near future. As
the juvenile court explained, however, Mother’s history, condition, and

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                          MEAGEN G. v. DCS, et al.
                           Decision of the Court

relationship with the girls provided sufficient evidence she would be
unable to parent effectively in the near future.

¶14            The juvenile court acknowledged Mother’s four-months of
sobriety and improved stability, but it found she had “only recently
demonstrated any period of sobriety.” Because of her history and
continuing risk “of relapsing once outside of a structured environment,”
the court found Mother “would need to maintain sobriety and stability,
outside of structured environment, for a significant period of time prior to
the [girls] returning to her care.” The court also found Mother would need
to demonstrate stable employment, stable housing, and “repair her
relationship with the [girls] before she could parent [them].” Because
Mother had not yet done these things, the court found it substantially likely
Mother would not be capable of properly parenting the girls in the near
future. The record supports these findings.

¶15           Mother faults DCS for not presenting any evidence of “what
would constitute a ‘significant period of time.’” That issue is irrelevant,
however, because Mother had not shown any recent period of sobriety,
employment, or housing outside of a structured treatment environment.
Mother had not proven she could function as a stable adult, much less
parent two young children still struggling with the behavioral challenges
that come from enduring traumatic events. Mother views the evidence of
her rehabilitation differently than the juvenile court did, but we cannot
reweigh the evidence. See Demetrius L. v. Joshlynn F., 239 Ariz. 1, 3, ¶ 9 (2016)
(explaining “juvenile court is in the best position to weigh evidence and
assess witness credibility”). Because the court’s statutory findings support
termination and are not clearly erroneous, Mother has not established
grounds for reversal.

II.    Best Interests

¶16           Mother argues the juvenile court erred in finding termination
was in the girls’ best interests. Once the juvenile court finds termination is
warranted, the court “can presume that the interests of the parent and child
diverge.” Kent K. v. Bobby M., 210 Ariz. 279, 286, ¶ 35 (2005). At that point,
the court must “focus[] primarily upon the interests of the child,” id. at 287,
¶ 37, and the “child’s interest in stability and security must be the court’s
primary concern,” Alma S. v. Dep’t of Child Safety, 245 Ariz. 146, 150, ¶ 12
(2018) (quotation omitted). Severance may be in the child’s best interests if
it would benefit the child or if denying severance would harm the child. Id.
at ¶ 13. The court must consider the totality of the circumstances, including

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                         MEAGEN G. v. DCS, et al.
                          Decision of the Court

the child’s adoptability, current placement, and a prospective adoption. Id.
at 150–51, ¶¶ 13–14.

¶17           Here, the juvenile court found the girls were adoptable and
were currently living in a safe, stable, and nurturing placement with
relatives who were willing to adopt them. The court found severance would
benefit the girls by giving them a safe, stable, and permanent home. The
court found that denying severance would harm the girls by prolonging the
instability and uncertainty that had been ongoing for almost eight years and
by subjecting them to a traumatic relationship with Mother. The court’s
findings are supported by the record.

¶18             The girls had been shuffled around every few years for almost
all of their lives. Mother was not sober or mentally stable until a few months
before the severance hearing and had not established sobriety or stability
outside of a treatment setting. The girls had been traumatized by Mother
and had no desire to see her. They wanted to be adopted and keep living
and healing in Kansas with their relatives who had become their parental
figures.

¶19           Mother argues that, without visitation, there was no way to
determine whether the girls might benefit from having her in their lives.
The record belies Mother’s argument. By the time of severance, there was
no remaining parental bond between the girls and Mother. As DCS’s case
manager testified, Mother was “a source of tremendous anxiety and
sadness for [them].” Mother wanted more time to reunify, but she had
almost eight years to turn her life around and reestablish a relationship with
her children. We commend Mother for her current commitment to
improving her life. But as this court explained in Jennifer S. v. Department of
Child Safety,

       [g]enerally, a parent’s temporary abstinence from drugs and
       alcohol does not outweigh [her] significant history of abuse or
       [her] consistent inability to abstain during [the] case.
       Moreover, children should not be forced to wait for their
       parent to grow up. Accordingly, a child’s interest in
       permanency must prevail over a parent’s uncertain battle
       with drugs.

240 Ariz. 282, 287, ¶ 17 (App. 2016) (quotation and citation omitted).
“Leaving the window of opportunity for remediation open indefinitely
[wa]s not necessary, nor do we think that it [wa]s in the [girls’] . . . best

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                         MEAGEN G. v. DCS, et al.
                          Decision of the Court

interests.” Maricopa Cnty. Juv. Action No. JS-501568, 177 Ariz. 571, 577 (App.
1994). In this case, the juvenile court did not err by closing the window.

                               CONCLUSION

¶20           For the reasons above, we affirm the termination of Mother’s
parental rights to Luanne and Zoe.

                           AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                           FILED: AA

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