Court Opinion

ID: 2936094
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-15 16:39:26.152879+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:40:28.554095
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS

OF TEXAS

NO. 1665-02

JUSTUS LARUE TAYLOR, Appellant

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS

ON APPELLANT'S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW
FROM THE FIRST COURT OF APPEALS

HARRIS COUNTY

 Hervey, J., delivered the opinion of the Court in which Keller, PJ., Meyers,
Price, Womack, Keasler, Holcomb and Cochran, JJ., joined.  Keller, PJ.,
filed a concurring opinion in which Price, Holcomb and Cochran, JJ.,
joined.  Johnson, J., filed a concurring opinion.

OPINION

	Appellant was convicted of acting as a manager of a sexually-oriented enterprise without a permit
in violation of Houston, Tex., Code of Ordinances No. 97-75, § 28-253(a), ("the ordinance"). (1)  The
evidence shows that appellant was the only one conducting business and operating the cash register in the
enterprise when the police arrived there and discovered that appellant had no manager's permit. (2)
	Appellant claimed on direct appeal (through a sufficiency of the evidence challenge) that this
evidence showed that he did not fall within the definition of "manager" but that he fell within the definition
of "employee" who did not need a permit under the ordinance.  The Court of Appeals decided in an
unpublished decision that the evidence supported a finding that appellant was acting as an "on-site
manager" which was included within the definition of "manager" under the ordinance.  See Taylor v. State,
No. 01-01-00505-CR, slip op. at 10 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist], delivered July 25, 2002)
(unpublished) (evidence legally sufficient to support appellant's conviction for managing sexually-oriented
business without permit because appellant conducted its business as an on-site manager by operating a cash
register and delivering a service to the customers).
	Appellant argues on discretionary review that the evidence shows that he "was not a manager but
[an employee] as defined in the Ordinance."  The Court of Appeals, however, decided that the evidence
was sufficient to support a finding that appellant was acting as an "on-site manager" which was included
within the definition of "manager" under the ordinance. (3)
 See Taylor, slip op. at 10.  Section 28-251 of the
ordinance defines "on-site manager" as:
	A person charged by an owner or operator of an enterprise with the responsibility for
direct supervision of the operation of the enterprise and with monitoring and observing all
areas of the enterprise to which customers are admitted at all times during which the
enterprise is open for business or customers are on the premises of the enterprise.

	Our duty is to construe this provision according to its "plain" textual meaning without resort to
extratextual sources.  See Boykin v. State, 818 S.W.2d 782, 785 (Tex.Cr.App. 1991); Rosenblatt v.
City of Houston, 31 S.W.3d 399, 403 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2000, pet. denied), cert. denied, 121
S.Ct. 2218 (2001) (statutory rules of construction also apply to construing city ordinances).  We will,
however, also resort to extratextual sources to construe this provision if we decide that its is ambiguous or
that construing it according to its "plain" textual meaning will lead to "absurd consequences."  See Jordan
v. State, 36 S.W.3d 871, 873 (Tex.Cr.App. 2001).  The cardinal rule is to discern and give effect to the
intent of the legislative body that enacted this provision.  See Boykin, 818 S.W.2d at 785; Rosenblatt, 31
S.W.3d at 403.
	The evidence that appellant was the only one conducting the business of the enterprise by operating
the cash register and delivering a service to the customers reasonably supports an inference that appellant
had been entrusted "with the responsibility for direct supervision of the operation of the enterprise and with
monitoring and observing all areas of the enterprise to which customers are admitted at all times during
which the enterprise is open for business."  See Lacour v. State, 8 S.W.3d 670, 671 (Tex.Cr.App. 2000)
(evidentiary legal sufficiency standard meant to give full play to the factfinder's responsibility fairly to draw
reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts).  This brings appellant within the "plain" meaning
of the definition of "on-site manager" in the ordinance.  And, applying the "plain" meaning of this definition
of "on-site manager" to appellant is not absurd.  See Boykin, 818 S.W.2d at 785.
	Appellant nevertheless claims that this renders the definition of "employee" in the ordinance
meaningless, thus violating the rule of statutory construction that we must presume the legislative body
intended the entire ordinance to be effective. (4) See Tex. Gov't Code Ann., § 311.021(2) (in enacting
a statute, it is presumed that the entire statute is intended to be effective).  We agree that there may be some
overlap between the two terms.  But, there is nothing unusual or absurd for an on-site manager of an
organization to also be considered an employee of the organization as well.  Also, the ordinance's definition
of "employee" is much broader than the definition of "on-site manager" meaning that a person can meet the
definition of the former but still not meet the definition of the latter.
	The judgment of the Court of Appeals is affirmed.

							Hervey, J.

Delivered:	October 8, 2003
Publish
1. 	Section 28-253(a) states that "[i]t shall be unlawful for any person who does not hold a permit to
act as an entertainer or a manager of or in an enterprise."
2. 	Whether the enterprise was a sexually-oriented enterprise is not before the Court in this proceeding. 
We note that Section 28-251 of the ordinance, in relevant part, defines "enterprise" as "... any
establishment whose primary business is the offering ... of ... any ... items intended to provide sexual
stimulation or sexual gratification to its customers ... ." We also note that the evidence in this case showed
that the enterprise contained an area where adult videos and magazines were sold.  The enterprise also
contained an adult arcade with 20 booths, each with a video monitor that showed adult and nonadult
videos.  The police were initially on the premises investigating whether "glory holes" in the adult arcade
booths had been covered.  "Glory holes" are predrilled holes in the partitions that customers use for sexual
stimulation and gratification.
3. 	Section 28-251 of the ordinance defines "manager" as:

	Any person who supervises, directs or manages any employee of an enterprise or any
other person who conducts any business in an enterprise with respect to any activity
conducted on the premises of the enterprise, including any 'on-site manager.'
4. 	Section 28-251 of the ordinance defines "employee" as:

	Any person who renders any service whatsoever to the customers of an enterprise, works
in or about an enterprise or who conducts any business in an enterprise and who receives
or has the expectation of receiving any compensation from the operator, or customers of
the enterprise.  By way of example, rather than limitation, the term includes the operator
and other management personnel, clerks, dancers, models and other entertainers, food and
beverage preparation and service personnel, door persons, bouncers, and cashiers.  It is
expressly intended that this definition cover not only conventional employer-employee
relationships but also independent contractor relationships, agency relationships, and other
scheme or system whereby the 'employee' has an expectation of receiving compensation,
tips, or other benefits from the enterprise or its customers in exchange for services
performed.