Court Opinion

ID: 2726393
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:02:22.297029+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:52:47.217601
License: Public Domain

Sep 18 2013, 5:33 am

FOR PUBLICATION

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                       ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

JAMES B. GLENNON                              ROBERT R. FOOS, JR.
GEORGE D. PILJA                               Lewis Wagner, LLP
Foran Glennon Palandech Ponzi                 Indianapolis, Indiana
& Rudloff, PC
Chicago, Illinois

                             IN THE
                  COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

LIFELINE YOUTH & FAMILY SERVICES,             )
INC.,                                         )
                                              )
      Appellant-Plaintiff,                    )
                                              )
                vs.                           )        No. 02A03-1211-CT-502
                                              )
INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.,            )
d/b/a Momper Insulation,                      )
                                              )
      Appellee-Defendant.                     )

                      APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN CIRCUIT COURT
                          The Honorable Thomas J. Felts, Judge
                             Cause No. 02C01-0906-CT-32

                                  September 18, 2013

                             OPINION – FOR PUBLICATION

PYLE, Judge
                                  STATEMENT OF THE CASE

        Lifeline Youth & Family Services (“Lifeline”) appeals the trial court’s denial of its

motion to correct error following a jury verdict and award of damages entered in favor of

Lifeline and against Installed Building Products, Inc. d/b/a Momper Insulation

(“Momper”).

         We affirm.

                                                ISSUE

        Whether the trial court erred by denying Lifeline’s motion to correct error
        that requested the trial court to increase the amount of the jury’s award of
        damages that was entered in favor of Lifeline.

                                               FACTS1

        In January 2008, Momper installed insulation in the attic of a building owned by

Lifeline. A fire occurred in the attic, causing damage to Lifeline’s building.

        On June 19, 2009, Lifeline filed a three-count complaint for damages against

Momper, raising claims of: (1) negligence; (2) breach of implied warranty; and (3)

breach of contract. In regard to the negligence claim, Lifeline alleged that Momper had

acted negligently when it dropped a portable light fixture onto the attic floor; installed

insulation over the light fixture; and failed to inspect the attic after installation of the

insulation. For the breach of implied warranty claim, Lifeline alleged that Momper had

installed the insulation in an unsafe manner and that it was not fit for its intended

purpose. Finally, Lifeline alleged that Momper had breached its contract with Lifeline by

1
  The underlying facts of this case are somewhat limited because Lifeline did not request a copy of the
transcript from the jury trial. Instead, we have had to glean the facts from the limited information
included in Lifeline’s Appendix, including the trial court’s final jury instructions and the verdict form
returned by the jury.
                                                   2
failing to perform the work as set forth in Momper’s invoice.2 More specifically, Lifeline

alleged that Momper had “improperly installed the R-19 (4 inches) blown wood fiber in

the ceiling of the building.” (App. 58).

       A jury trial was held August 21 through August 23, 2012. Lifeline proceeded on

the three claims in its complaint, and the trial court instructed the jury as to the elements

necessary before damages could be awarded for those claims. The parties stipulated to

the amount of damages sustained, which was set forth in one of the final jury instructions:

             The parties in this case have agreed that certain facts are true. You
       must accept these facts as true:

            Although [Momper] denies that it is liable to [Lifeline] for any damages
       sustained by [Lifeline] as a result of the fire that is the subject of this
       litigation, the parties hereby stipulate and agree to the following:

             1. The cost to repair is the proper measure of the damages sustained to
                [Lifeline’s] building as a result of the subject fire;

             2. The cost to repair the damages sustained to [Lifeline’s] building as a
                result of the fire included $280,263.00, exclusive of any interest;

             3. The repairs to [Lifeline’s] building were preformed [sic] as
                described in the invoices produced by [Lifeline] to [Momper];

             4. The repairs performed on [Lifeline’s] building were reasonable and
                necessary to return the building to its pre-fire condition; and

2
  Momper’s invoice, which was attached to Lifeline’s complaint, provided that Momper had performed
the following work:

       INSTALL R-19 (4 INCHES) BLOWN WOOD FIBER IN THE CEILING OF THE
       BUILDING[.] WRAP ALL RECESS CAN LIGHTS, FIREPLACE, AND WATER
       HEATER FLUES WITH UNFACED FIBERGLASS BATTS.            INSTALL
       CARDBOARD AROUND SIDES OF LID AND R-38 FIBERGLASS OVER SCUTTLE
       COVER AS NEEDED. STAPLE FACT CARD NEAR ATTIC OPENING.

(App. 59).
                                                3
             5. Lifeline paid $280,263.00 to contractors and vendors to perform
                these repairs.

(App. 37).

       The trial court instructed the jury regarding the apportionment of fault for

comparative fault and instructed the jury that consideration of Lifeline’s fault was an

issue as to Lifeline’s negligence claim. The trial court also instructed the jury—in two

separate instructions—that it “must not consider comparative fault when considering

whether to award damages for [Lifeline] for its breach of contract claim.” (App. 47). 3

Instead, the trial court provided specific instructions regarding damages for the breach of

contract claim. The trial court instructed the jury that “[t]o recover damages . . . for

breach of contract,” Lifeline was required to prove that: (1) the parties entered into a

contract; (2) Momper had breached its contract with Lifeline; (3) Momper’s breach

damaged Lifeline; (4) the parties “reasonably anticipated that those damages could/might

occur when they entered into the contract;” and (5) Momper’s breach was a “responsible

cause of those damages.” (App. 44). The trial court also informed the jury that “[i]n a

claim for breach of contract, a party may recover only those damages that are the natural

and proximate consequence of the breach, and those reasonably anticipated by the parties

when they entered into the contract.” (App. 50). Additionally, the trial court provided

the jury with a verdict form that provided a space for the jury to assess fault to each party.

3
 The other jury instruction provided: “You must not consider comparative fault in deciding whether
[Momper] breached its contract with [Lifeline].” (App. 45).

                                                4
The verdict form also contained a space for the jury to indicate, by placing a check mark,

whether or not Momper had breached its contract with Lifeline.4

        The jury returned a verdict in favor of Lifeline and against Momper and awarded

damages in the amount of $154,144.65. Specifically, the jury determined that Lifeline

was forty-five percent at fault and that Momper was fifty-five percent at fault. The jury

also determined, as indicated by its check mark on the verdict form, that Momper

breached its contract with Lifeline. The two-page jury verdict form, which is at issue in

this appeal, appears as follows:

4
  Lifeline indicates that it requested the trial court to insert this breach of contract language into the
comparative fault verdict form so that the jury could have a place for the jury to “memorialize” its
decision on Lifeline’s breach of contract claim. (Lifeline’s Br. 4). Because Lifeline did not request the
jury trial transcript, we cannot verify the origination of the language in the verdict form or whether there
was any objection to the same.
                                                     5
(App. 22-23). The trial court entered judgment on the jury’s verdict.

       Lifeline then filed a motion to correct error, claiming that the jury had erred in its

calculation of damages. Lifeline did not include a copy of its motion to correct error in

its Appellant’s Appendix but asserts in its appellate brief that it filed its motion under

Trial Rule 52(A)(2), which is a claim that a jury verdict is “inadequate.” During the

hearing on Lifeline’s motion, Lifeline argued that the jury erroneously applied

comparative fault to its calculation of damages on its breach of contract claim. Lifeline

argued that it did not want to disturb the jury’s general verdict in its favor but stated that

it sought to have the trial court “correct an error that the jury made in which damages [it

was] awarding for the breach of contract claim.” (Tr. 6). Lifeline requested the trial

court to award Lifeline damages in the amount of $280,263.00, which it argued would be

consistent with the jury’s finding that Momper had breached the contract. Momper

                                              6
argued that the jury’s finding that Momper breached the contract did not equate to a

determination that the jury intended to award damages on the breach of contract claim.

Momper argued that the jury’s damages verdict was consistent with the jury’s verdict

regarding negligence and its determination of comparative fault, which Lifeline did not

challenge.    The trial court denied Lifeline’s motion to correct error.                Lifeline now

appeals.

                                             DECISION

       Lifeline challenges the amount of the damages the jury awarded to Lifeline and

argues that the trial court abused its discretion by denying its motion to correct error.

Specifically, Lifeline contends that the jury’s verdict awarding Lifeline damages totaling

$154,144.65 was improper because it claims that the jury erroneously applied

comparative fault to Lifeline’s breach of contract claim.                To support its argument,

Lifeline points to check-marked space—which was inserted on the jury comparative fault

verdict form—indicating that the jury had determined that Momper had breached its

contract with Lifeline. Lifeline reasons that because the jury determined that Momper

had breached the contract, then the jury must have also determined that Lifeline was

entitled to recover damages from that breach of contract. Thus, Lifeline argues that the

jury’s damages verdict should be increased and that it is entitled to the stipulated

damages amount of $280,263.00 for the jury’s determination that Momper had breached

its contract with Lifeline.5

5
 Lifeline, however, does not challenge the jury’s comparative fault allocation of forty-five percent to
Lifeline or the amount of damages as it relates to its negligence claim. Additionally, Lifeline does not
                                                   7
       On appeal, we review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to correct error for an

abuse of discretion. Paragon Family Restaurant v. Bartolini, 799 N.E.2d 1048, 1055

(Ind. 2003). We will reverse a trial court’s ruling on a motion to correct error “only

where the trial court’s judgment is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and

circumstances before it or where the trial court errs on a matter of law.” Perkinson v.

Perkinson, 989 N.E.2d 758, 761 (Ind. 2013).

       “A jury determination of damages is entitled to great deference when challenged

on appeal.” Sears Roebuck and Co. v. Manuilov, 742 N.E.2d 453, 462 (Ind. 2001). As

our Indiana Supreme Court has explained:

       Damages are particularly a jury determination. Appellate courts will not
       substitute their idea of a proper damage award for that of the jury. Instead,
       the court will look only to the evidence and inferences therefrom which
       support the jury’s verdict. We will not deem a verdict to be the result of
       improper considerations unless it cannot be explained on any other
       reasonable ground. Thus, if there is any evidence in the record which
       supports the amount of the award, even if it is variable or conflicting, the
       award will not be disturbed.

Id. (quoting Prange v. Martin, 629 N.E.2d 915, 922 (Ind. Ct. App. 1994), reh’g denied,

trans. denied (citations omitted)). Additionally, our Supreme Court observed:

       Our inability to actually look into the minds of the jurors is, to a large
       extent, the reason behind the rule that we will not reverse if the award falls
       within the bounds of the evidence. We cannot invade the province of the
       jury to decide the facts and cannot reverse unless the verdict is clearly
       erroneous.

Id. (quoting Annee v. State, 256 Ind. 686, 690, 271 N.E.2d 711, 713 (1971), reh’g

denied). Furthermore, “[t]he Law indulges every reasonable presumption in favor of the

challenge any of the trial court’s jury instructions regarding the elements necessary to be proven by
Lifeline to recover damages under its various claims.
                                                 8
legality of jury verdicts, and corrective action should only be taken when the verdict or

verdicts are ‘inconsistent because [of] a logical or legal impossibility.’” Tincher v.

Davidson, 762 N.E.2d 1221, 1226 (Ind. 2002) (quoting Indianapolis Newspapers, Inc. v.

Fields, 254 Ind. 219, 259 N.E.2d 651, 668 (1970), cert. denied).

        Here, the jury’s verdict form shows that the jury found that Momper was negligent

and was at fault for fifty-five percent of the resulting damages while Lifeline was at fault

for forty-five percent.        Thus, the jury awarded Lifeline damages in the amount of

$154,144.65. The verdict form also reveals that the jury—as indicated by its check

mark—found that Momper had breached its contract with Lifeline. Lifeline contends that

this check-mark on the comparative fault jury verdict form also indicates that the jury

intended to award damages for the breach of contract and further contends that the jury

then erroneously applied comparative fault to the amount of damages recoverable for the

breach of contract.         Lifeline’s argument on appeal focuses on the assertion that

comparative fault is not applicable to a breach of contract claim.

        Lifeline’s reasoning as to the jury’s intentions and Lifeline’s argument seeking

reversal of the jury’s award of damages miss the mark.6 No one disputes the assertion

that comparative fault does not apply to a breach of contract claim. See Parke State Bank

v. Akers, 659 N.E.2d 1031, 1035 (Ind. 1995) (explaining that “Indiana does not recognize

comparative causation in breach of contract claims”) (citing Fowler v. Campbell, 612

N.E.2d 596, 602 (Ind. Ct. App. 1993)), reh’g denied. Indeed, the trial court specifically

6
 In support of its argument on appeal, Lifeline cites to two federal trial court orders that are available on
Westlaw but are not reported in the F.Supp.2d.
                                                     9
instructed the jury that it was not to consider comparative fault when deciding whether to

award damages for Lifeline’s breach of contract claim.

       Instead, Momper argues that Lifeline has waived any challenge to the jury’s award

of damages because Lifeline “did not object to the [damages] verdict before the jury was

dismissed.” (Momper’s Br. 8) (citing DDR Computer Serv. Bureau v. Davis, 411 N.E.2d

722 (Ind. Ct. App. 1980)).     Lifeline responds to Momper’s argument by chastising

Momper for stating that Lifeline did not object to the jury’s damages verdict without

citing to the Transcript or Appendix. Nevertheless, Lifeline then does the same thing and

asserts—without citation to the record—that it objected to the damages verdict “[u]pon

completion of the trial” and made an “oral motion” asking the trial court to increase the

damages award to $280,263.00. (Lifeline’s Reply Br. 6). Lifeline then contends that the

trial court erred by denying its motion to correct error because it alleges that “the

evidence presented at trial supports the jury’s finding that Momper breached the parties’

contract and that the total damages attributable to that breach were $280,263.00 as

reflected on the Verdict Form.” (Lifeline’s Reply Br. 11-12).

       As noted above, we do not have a transcript of the jury trial because Lifeline did

not request transcription of the trial.    Therefore, we have no specific information

regarding the evidence presented to support the jury’s damages verdict, any discussions

or objections surrounding the trial court’s jury instructions on damages, or the procedural

events surrounding the jury’s verdict awarding damages.

       Lifeline’s failure to submit a transcript of the jury trial is in contravention of

Indiana Appellate Rule 9(F)(5), which provides that an appellant’s Notice of Appeal shall

                                            10
designate “all portions of the Transcript necessary to present fairly and decide the issues

on appeal.” Appellate Rule 9(F)(5) further provides that, “[i]f the appellant intends to

urge on appeal that a finding of fact or conclusion thereon is unsupported by the evidence

or is contrary to the evidence, the Notice of Appeal shall request a Transcript of all the

evidence.”

       Our Indiana Supreme Court has addressed an appellant’s failure to include a

transcript on appeal when factual issues are presented and held that “‘[a]lthough not fatal

to the appeal, failure to include a transcript works a waiver of any specifications of error

which depend upon the evidence.’” In re Walker, 665 N.E.2d 586, 588 (Ind. 1996)

(quoting Campbell v. Criterion Group, 605 N.E.2d 150, 160 (Ind. 1992)). Because

Lifeline relies on the evidence presented during the jury trial in support of its argument

challenging the amount of the jury’s damages verdict, we must conclude that Lifeline has

waived any such damages argument and has failed to prove that the trial court abused its

discretion by denying its motion to correct error.        See, e.g., Ostrowski v. Everest

Healthcare Indiana, Inc., 956 N.E.2d 1144, 1147-48 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011) (holding that

appellant waived argument by failing to comply with the appellate rule requiring him to

designate relevant portions of the transcript necessary to decide issue on appeal); Fields

v. Conforti, 868 N.E.2d 507, 511 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (explaining that appellant’s

arguments that depended upon the evidence at trial were waived by appellant’s failure to

request a transcript of the bench trial). See also Kocher v. Getz, 824 N.E.2d 671, 675

(Ind. 2005) (holding that, where appellant challenged the amount of appeal bond but

                                            11
failed to provide a transcript of the relevant hearing, appellant failed to demonstrate that

the trial court abused its discretion in amount ordered).7

        Affirmed.

KIRSCH, J., and BARNES, J., concur.

7
  Momper also raises an argument regarding the abolishment of special verdicts and interrogatories under
Trial Rule 49 and specifically contends that the jury’s determination that Momper had breached the
contract was a special interrogatory and that it could not be used to overturn the jury’s general verdict
form on comparative fault. See Tincher, 762 N.E.2d at 1226 (citing State Highway Dep’t v. Snyder, 594
N.E.2d 783 (Ind. 1992) and Buckland v. Reed, 629 N.E.2d 1241 (Ind. Ct. App. 1994)) (holding that a
jury’s verdict form on comparative fault was a general verdict and could not be “impeached by the
calculation form”). Given our disposition of this appeal, we need not address this argument and will
leave the matter for another day.
                                                   12