Court Opinion

ID: 1070663
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:39:04.305317+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:56:18.944703
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judge Humphreys, Senior Judges Hodges and Overton
Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia

MARVIN L. HUNTER, III
                                           MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.   Record No. 1904-99-1                 JUDGE ROBERT J. HUMPHREYS
                                                JUNE 13, 2000
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

          FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF HAMPTON
                  Christopher W. Hutton, Judge

          Robert B. Wilson, V (McDermott & Roe, on
          brief), for appellant.

          Stephen R. McCullough, Assistant Attorney
          General (Mark L. Earley, Attorney General, on
          brief), for appellee.

      Marvin L. Hunter, III was convicted in a bench trial of

possession of cocaine and possession of a firearm after being

previously convicted of a felony.    Hunter argues in this appeal

that the evidence was insufficient as a matter of law to support

the charge of possession of a firearm by a person previously

convicted of a felony.     For the following reasons, we find no

error and affirm Hunter's conviction.

     On appeal, "we review the evidence in the light most

favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable

inferences fairly deducible therefrom."     Archer v. Commonwealth,

     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, recodifying Code
§ 17-116.010, this opinion is not designated for publication.
26 Va. App. 1, 11, 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (citation

omitted).   "We will not reverse the judgment of the trial court,

sitting as the finder of fact in a bench trial, unless it is

plainly wrong or without evidence to support it."    Reynolds v.

Commonwealth, 30 Va. App. 153, 163, 515 S.E.2d 808, 813 (1999)

(citing Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443, 358 S.E.2d

415, 418 (1987)).

     The relevant facts are that on November 4, 1998, officers

of the Hampton Police Department executed a search warrant at

2901 Kecoughtan Road, Apartment 41-A, in Hampton, Virginia.    The

warrant authorized a search for controlled substances and

related drug paraphernalia.    Hunter was present when the warrant

was executed and was detained.    In a pat-down search of Hunter's

person, police recovered a magazine to a semi-automatic Bersa

handgun containing seven rounds of .380 ammunition from his left

front pants pocket. 1   Police also recovered a .380 caliber Bersa

semi-automatic handgun from a nearby closet shelf.    At the time

of its recovery, this weapon did not have a clip loaded into the

frame.

     Hunter has not challenged whether his proximity to the

closet containing the weapon and his possession of the clip of

ammunition constituted sufficient dominion and control for the

     1
       The spelling of the manufacturer's name throughout the
record is "Bursa." Appellant asserts on brief that the correct
spelling is "Bersa," which is also the spelling utilized by the
Commonwealth on brief.

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purposes of establishing that he was in "possession" of the

weapon.   Thus, the sole question to be decided by this appeal is

whether the weapon recovered is a "firearm" within the meaning

of Code § 18.2-308.2. 2   As with any element of a criminal

offense, the Commonwealth has the burden of proving this element

beyond a reasonable doubt.

     We have previously held that Code § 18.2-308.2 "prohibits a

felon from possessing a device that has the actual capacity to

do serious harm because of its ability to expel a projectile by

the power of an explosion, and it is not concerned with the use

or display of a device that may have the appearance of a

firearm."    Jones v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 354, 357-58, 429

S.E.2d 615, 617 (1992), aff'd on reh'g en banc, 17 Va. App. 233,

436 S.E.2d 192 (1993).    "[I]n determining whether an item is a

'firearm,' the Commonwealth must prove two discrete elements:

(1) that the weapon is designed or intended to expel projectiles

by the discharge or explosion of gunpowder, and (2) that it is

capable of doing so."     Gregory v. Commonwealth, 28 Va. App. 393,

400, 504 S.E.2d 886, 889 (1998).

            [T]he best method for proving that an item
            is a firearm is presentation of direct
            forensic evidence of the nature and
            operability of the item. However,
            "[c]ircumstantial evidence is as competent
            and is entitled to as much weight as direct

     2
       Code § 18.2-308.2 provides in pertinent part that "[i]t
shall be unlawful for (i) any person who has been convicted of a
felony . . . to knowingly and intentionally possess . . . any
firearm."

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          evidence, provided it is sufficiently
          convincing to exclude every reasonable
          hypothesis except that of guilt."

Id. (quoting Coleman v. Commonwealth, 226 Va. 31, 53, 307 S.E.2d

864, 876 (1983)).

     We have previously held that the presentation of an object

that appears to be a firearm when coupled with an implied

assertion that the object is a functioning weapon is sufficient

to support a finding that an object is a firearm.    See Redd v.

Commonwealth, 29 Va. App. 256, 259, 511 S.E.2d 436, 438 (1999).

     Sitting as the trier of fact, the trial court found "beyond

a reasonable doubt that the magazine upon the person of

Marvin L. Hunter, III, was sufficiently contemporaneous with the

possession of the weapon found in the closet and that their

contemporaneous possession provided a substantial nexus to

become a functional firearm with the ability to fire by

explosion."

     Taking the evidence in the light most favorable to the

Commonwealth, we cannot say that the trial court was "plainly

wrong" and, therefore, affirm Hunter's conviction.

                                                     Affirmed.

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