Court Opinion

ID: 4681446
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-04-27 20:00:57.260835+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:04:01.451298
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 27 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

FRANCISCO JAVIER FLORES MEDINA,                 No.    19-70678
AKA Francisco Flores, AKA Javier Flores,
AKA Roberto Cenovio Flores, AKA Marco           Agency No. A077-057-256
Medina, AKA Slow Moniker

                Petitioner,                     MEMORANDUM*

 v.

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                       Argued and Submitted April 14, 2021
                              Pasadena, California

Before: M. SMITH and IKUTA, Circuit Judges, and STEELE,** District Judge.

      Petitioner Francisco Javier Flores Medina (Flores) is a transgender citizen of

Mexico who identifies as female. In her prior petition to this court, Flores appealed

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

      **
            The Honorable John E. Steele, United States District Judge for the
Middle District of Florida, sitting by designation.
the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) dismissal of her appeal from the

Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) decision that she did not qualify for asylum, withholding

of removal, or Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) protection. We granted the

petition in part and remanded to the BIA for further limited proceedings. Medina v.

Sessions, 734 Fed. App’x. 479 (9th Cir. 2018). As relevant to the current appeal,

we found that while the BIA adequately addressed Flores’s sexual orientation, the

BIA erred in failing to consider separately the effect of Flores’s transgender identity

as to her claims for asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT protection. Id. at 482-

83, 484. The case was remanded to the BIA “for the limited purpose of assessing

the effect of Flores’s transgender identity on her claims for asylum, withholding of

removal, and CAT protection . . . .” Id. at 484.

      On remand, the BIA considered the same record as had been previously

submitted, affirmed the IJ’s order, and dismissed Flores’s appeal. The BIA held that

Flores’s 2014 arson conviction was a particularly serious crime that rendered her

statutorily ineligible for asylum or withholding of removal eligibility. Alternatively,

assuming her eligibility, the BIA concluded that Flores failed to establish the merits

of her claims for asylum, withholding of removal, or CAT protection.

      Flores is now before the court on a petition to review the decision of the BIA

on remand. Flores challenges the BIA decision only as to its denial of CAT

protection, while not appealing the BIA’s decision as to her asylum and withholding

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of removal claims.

      This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a) to review the BIA’s

denial of a claim for CAT protection. Avendano-Hernandez v. Lynch, 800 F.3d

1072, 1078 (9th Cir. 2015). “We review for substantial evidence the factual findings

underlying the BIA’s determination that an applicant is not eligible for CAT

protection.”   Xochihua-Jaimes v. Barr, 962 F.3d 1175, 1183 (9th Cir. 2020).

Because the BIA adopted the reasoning of the IJ, we review the decision of both the

IJ and the BIA. Becker v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 1000, 1001 n.2 (9th Cir. 2007). With

the benefit of oral argument, we DENY the petition for review.

      The BIA separately considered the effect of Flores’s transgender identity on

the likelihood that she would be tortured in Mexico based on that identity, and

affirmed the IJ’s decision to deny CAT protection. The BIA decided that although

the record established that some transgender individuals have experienced violence

in Mexico, Flores had not shown that such violence is so common throughout

Mexico that it is more likely than not that she will personally experience it.

      On appeal Flores asserts both procedural and substantive deficiencies by the

BIA. Flores argues that the BIA failed to consider all the relevant evidence, thereby

creating procedural infirmities, and that its findings were not supported by

substantial evidence. Flores asks the court to grant her petition and remand to the

BIA with instructions to grant her CAT claim, or alternatively to remand to the BIA

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to comprehensively address her country conditions evidence.

      Our review of the record shows that there are neither procedural nor

substantive errors by the BIA. The BIA considered the record evidence concerning

Flores’s transgender identity separately, as directed by this court, and substantial

evidence supports the denial of CAT protection. The BIA’s determination that it

was not more likely than not that Flores would experience future torture based on

her transgender status was supported by substantial evidence. We previously

concluded that Flores did not suffer past torture, Medina, 743 Fed. App’x. at 484,

and that is the law of the case, see Musacchio v. United States, 577 U.S. 237, 244-

45 (2016).    This ruling as to a lack of past torture distinguishes Flores’s

circumstances from those in Avendano-Hernandez, where the petitioner suffered

torture at the hands of a Mexican military official, a conclusion that “[t]he IJ and

BIA d[id] not appear to question.” 800 F.3d at 1079. Without evidence of past

torture, Flores must rely on country conditions evidence. See Dhital v. Mukasey,

532 F.3d 1044, 1051-52 (9th Cir. 2008); 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(3). The country

conditions evidence alone is not enough in this case because it is not sufficiently

particularized to compel the conclusion that Flores would more likely than not be

the subject of torture should she return to Mexico. See Lopez v. Sessions, 901 F.3d

1071, 1078 (9th Cir. 2018).

      PETITION DENIED.

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