Court Opinion

ID: 3200323
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-05-04 15:08:56.062516+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:36:24.464200
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
                                                                           FILED
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                May 04 2016, 5:57 am

this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                      CLERK
                                                                       Indiana Supreme Court
regarded as precedent or cited before any                                 Court of Appeals
                                                                            and Tax Court
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Mark Small                                               Gregory F. Zoeller
Indianapolis, Indiana                                    Attorney General of Indiana

                                                         Robert J. Henke
                                                         James D. Boyer
                                                         Deputy Attorneys General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Termination                         May 4, 2016
of the Parent-Child Relationship                         Court of Appeals Case No.
of J.L. & K.L. (Children) and                            35A02-1510-JT-1750
J.L. (Father);                                           Appeal from the Huntington
                                                         Circuit Court
J.L. (Father),                                           The Honorable Thomas M. Hakes,
Appellant-Respondent,                                    Judge
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
        v.                                               35C01-1409-JT-8
                                                         35C01-1409-JT-9
The Indiana Department of
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016             Page 1 of 11
      May, Judge.

[1]   J.L. (Father) appeals the involuntary termination of his parental rights to his

      children, Jo.L. and K.L. (Children). He argues there was insufficient evidence

      to support the termination. We affirm.

                                  Facts and Procedural History
[2]   N.C. (Mother) and Father are the biological parents of Jo.L., born on May 12,

      2007, and K.L., born on November 5, 2010. The Children were removed from

      Mother and Father’s care on May 29, 2013, and placed in foster care. They
                                                                                                          1
      were adjudicated Children in Need of Services (CHINS) on June 20, 2013,

      based on the following: the family case manager found unsanitary home

      conditions; there were problems with the Children’s school attendance; Mother

      was using prescription drugs without a prescription and consuming alcohol

      with the prescription drugs; Mother and the Children were found in a vehicle

      that was parked on the side of the road with Mother asleep at the wheel and the
                           2
      Children soiled; and Father was unable to care for the Children due to his

      incarceration. Father was incarcerated on May 14, 2013, for twenty days after

      pleading guilty to driving while suspended with a prior judgment and operating

      a motor vehicle without ever receiving a license.

      1
        At the beginning of the CHINS proceedings, Mother and Father were in a relationship together. They
      separated at some point during the CHINS proceedings and are no longer together.
      2
       Mother’s other child, A.W., was also in the vehicle. A.W. is the Children’s half-sibling. In November
      2013, the Indiana Department of Child Services placed A.W. in the care of her father.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016             Page 2 of 11
[3]   On July 23, 2013, the trial court held a dispositional hearing and issued a decree

      that (among other things) directed Father to complete home-based parenting

      instruction and attend supervised visitations with the Children at a youth

      service bureau until his home was found to be in a safe and sanitary condition.

      The court held a progress hearing on November 22, 2013, at the conclusion of

      which the court found in relevant part, “[F]ather has not completely enhanced

      his ability to fulfill her [sic] parental obligations,” (Exhibit 20, first page), and

      “the cause of the children’s out-of-home placement . . . has not been

      alleviated,” (id., second page).

[4]   On May 7, 2014, the trial court held a hearing on a proposed permanency

      plan. 3 In its order issued on that same day, the court found that reunification

      efforts had been hindered by Mother and Father’s actions and, specifically:

               Father has been slowly renovating his home to make it safe for
               the children to reside. Father has struggled to keep the home in a
               clean environment for the children. Father has also struggled
               with his temper. Father has been unwilling to address his anger
               issues in which he continues to yell and curse at the [Family Case
               Manager] in front of the children. Father has admitted to the use
               of marijuana and prescription narcotics without a valid
               prescription but doesn’t feel it affects his children.

      3
        Of the permanency plan options available, the court found it “most appropriate and consistent with the best
      interest of the children to: work toward [reunifying the Children and their parents] with a concurrent plan of
      Termination of Parental Rights,” if Mother and Father were not able to meet certain requirements and make
      their home safe for trial home visits by August 29, 2014. (See Exhibit 21, second page, paragraph 11.)

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016                Page 3 of 11
      (Exhibit 21, second page, paragraph 9) (errors in original). The court then

      modified its dispositional decree, ordered Father to participate in substance

      abuse assessment and submit to random drug screens, and approved the

      proposed permanency plan of reunification concurrent with a plan for

      termination of parental rights.

[5]   On May 29, 2014, Father was charged with operating a vehicle as an habitual

      traffic violator and possession of marijuana. On June 5, 2014, Father

      committed a separate violation and was charged with operating a vehicle as an

      habitual traffic violator. Father pleaded guilty to all charges and was sentenced

      on September 16, 2014, to one year and 183 days with 60 days executed and the

      remainder served on probation. Father’s probation was revoked on November

      25, 2014, because he tested positive on a drug test. He was ordered to serve six

      months of jail time. (Tr. at 150; Exhibit 7.)

[6]   On September 23, 2014, DCS filed a petition to terminate Mother and Father’s

      parental rights. The trial court held another progress hearing on November 7,

      2014, and issued an order finding in relevant part:

              The children’s Father has partially complied with the case plan.
              DCS does have continued concerns as to whether Father will be
              able to maintain his current progress long-term to gain financial
              stability to care for himself and his children. This is particularly
              so when Father has expressed that he intends to move out of his
              parents’ home and into the home of a friend who was previously
              known to be a marijuana user.

              ...

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016   Page 4 of 11
                 [ ]The parents have not enhanced their ability to fulfill their
                 parental obligations.

                 . . . Father has regularly visited the child [sic].

                 . . . Father has cooperated with DCS since his release from jail in
                 September 2014.

                 ...

                 [ ] The cause of the children’s out-of-home placement or
                 supervision has not been alleviated.

      (Exhibit 22.)

[7]   The court conducted evidentiary hearings on April 9 and July 16, 2015, on

      DCS’s petition to terminate Mother and Father’s parental rights. On

      September 14, 2015, the court issued its findings of fact, conclusions of law, and
                                                            4
      order terminating Father’s parental rights.

                                         Discussion and Decision
[8]   Father argues the Department of Child Services (DCS) did not present sufficient

      evidence to support termination of his parental rights because he made a “good

      faith effort to comply with [court ordered] services” (Appellant’s Br. at 11), and

      “one [child-services] provider characterized [Father] as being a good parent

      when he was not incarcerated.” (Id. at 8).

      4
          Mother’s parental rights were not terminated.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016   Page 5 of 11
[9]    We review termination of parental rights with great deference. In re K.S., D.S.,

       B.G., and J.K., 750 N.E.2d 832, 836 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). We will not reweigh

       evidence or judge credibility of witnesses. In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258, 265 (Ind.

       Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied. Instead, we consider only the evidence and

       reasonable inferences most favorable to the judgment. Id. In deference to the

       juvenile court’s unique position to assess the evidence, we will set aside a

       judgment terminating a parent’s rights only if it is clearly erroneous. In re L.S.,

       717 N.E.2d 204, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), reh’g denied, trans. denied, cert. denied

       sub nom. In re Swope, 534 U.S. 1161 (2002).

[10]   When a judgment contains specific findings of fact and conclusions thereon, we

       apply a two-tiered standard of review. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family &

       Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind. 2005). We determine first whether the

       evidence supports the findings and second whether the findings support the

       judgment. Id. “Findings are clearly erroneous only when the record contains

       no facts to support them either directly or by inference.” Quillen v. Quillen, 671
N.E.2d 98, 102 (Ind. 1996). If the evidence and inferences support the juvenile

       court’s decision, we must affirm. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 208.

[11]   Father does not challenge any findings of fact. As Father does not challenge

       the findings of fact, they stand as proven. See Madlem v. Arko, 592 N.E.2d 686,

       687 (Ind. 1992) (“Because Madlem does not challenge the findings of the trial

       court, they must be accepted as correct.”); McMaster v. McMaster, 681 N.E.2d
744, 747 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997) (when father did not challenge specific findings,

       court accepted them as true).
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016   Page 6 of 11
[12]   “The traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children is

       protected by the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.” In

       re M.B., 666 N.E.2d 73, 76 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied. A trial court must

       subordinate the interests of the parents to those of the child when evaluating the

       circumstances surrounding a termination. In re K.S., 750 N.E.2d at 837. The

       right to raise one’s own child should not be terminated solely because there is a

       better home available for the child, id., but parental rights may be terminated

       when a parent is unable or unwilling to meet his parental responsibilities. Id. at

       836.

[13]   To terminate a parent-child relationship, the State must allege and prove:

               (A) that one (1) of the following is true:

                        (i) The child has been removed from the parent for at least
                        six (6) months under a dispositional decree.

                        (ii) A court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-21-5.6
                        that reasonable efforts for family preservation or
                        reunification are not required, including a description of
                        the court’s finding, the date of the finding, and the manner
                        in which the finding was made.

                        (iii) The child has been removed from the parent and has
                        been under the supervision of a local office or probation
                        department for at least fifteen (15) months of the most
                        recent twenty-two (22) months, beginning with the date
                        the child is removed from the home as a result of the child
                        being alleged to be a child in need of services or a
                        delinquent child;

               (B) that one (1) of the following is true:

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016   Page 7 of 11
                        (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
                        that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
                        placement outside the home of the parents will not be
                        remedied.

                        (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
                        of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
                        being of the child.

                        (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
                        adjudicated a child in need of services;

               (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

               (D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
               the child.
       Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2) (2012). The State must provide clear and

       convincing proof of these allegations. In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1260-61

       (Ind. 2009), reh’g denied. If the court finds the allegations in the petition are

       true, it must terminate the parent-child relationship. Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8

       (2012).

[14]   In its September 14, 2015 order terminating Father’s parental rights, the

       juvenile court found the Children had been removed from Father for at least six

       months. The court found Father did not complete the home based parenting

       program or substance abuse therapy because he was in and out of jail. The

       court also found Father had “no car, no home, and . . . no employment.”

       (Appellant’s Brief at 16.) The court referenced testimony from the termination

       hearing that it was in the Children’s best interests to terminate Father’s rights

       because “the reasons for placement outside the home [would not] be remedied

       and the continuation of the parent-child relationship pose[d] a threat to the
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016   Page 8 of 11
       [Children’s well-being]” due to “Father’s anger issues, continued drug issues[,]

       and Father’s ongoing incarceration.” (Id.) The court also noted Father had

       failed to pay child support.

[15]   In its conclusions of law, the court determined Father had not taken advantage

       of opportunities to better himself or DCS-offered services, and “remaine[d]

       unable to care for the Children.” (Id. at 17.) The court “considered whether

       retaining Father’s rights to allow for payment of child support would be enough

       benefit to the Children to not grant the termination,” but ultimately determined

       Father’s inability to pay support would not change. (Id.)

[16]   In support of his sufficiency argument, Father directs us to the testimony of

       Nicole Fordyce who was employed as a rehabilitation services provider and

       worked with Father when he was not incarcerated “on parenting skills, a little

       bit of anger management, employment, and making sure he had stable housing

       and resources.” (Tr. at 338.) Father asks us to find the evidence insufficient to

       support the termination of parental rights because Fordyce testified Father

       “never got angry with [her],” (id.); Fordyce did not have to “step in” and

       “intervene or coach” Father during supervised visitation, (id.); Father

       appropriately disciplined the Children during supervised visitation; and Father

       was “open” to parenting “ideas and curriculum” presented by Fordyce. (Id.)

[17]   Fordyce also testified “[a]t team meetings [Father] got a little angry,” (id. at

       338); regarding parenting skills, “[Father] did well when I was there,” (id.);

       Father was not able to secure a job; and Father did not meet with Fordyce on a

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016   Page 9 of 11
       consistent basis due to his incarceration. Additional evidence was presented

       that Father was unable to complete parenting instruction class or substance

       abuse therapy because he was in and out of jail during the juvenile court

       proceedings; he was very slow in bringing the home where he resided into a
                                                                                    5
       habitable condition; he was forced to move from the home; he lost his driving

       privileges; he continued to use drugs; he was unemployed; and he was

       incarcerated at the time the April 9, 2015 termination hearing took place.

[18]   We acknowledge Fordyce’s testimony suggests Father has made good faith

       efforts to comply with court ordered services. But the juvenile court, acting as a

       trier of fact, was not required to believe or assign the same weight to Fordyce’s

       testimony as does Father. See Haynes v. Brown, 120 Ind. App. 184, 189, 88
N.E.2d 795, 797 (1949). There was sufficient evidence to support the juvenile

       court’s determination that Father’s parental rights should be terminated.

       Father’s claims to the contrary effectively amount to an invitation to reassess

       witness credibility and reweigh the evidence, which, again, we will not do. See

       In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d at 265.

       5
        The home where Father resided belonged to his grandfather. Father’s grandfather passed away and the
       home was sold by his grandfather’s estate. (Tr. at 124-25.)

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016         Page 10 of 11
                                                 Conclusion
[19]   Based on the record before us, we cannot say that the juvenile court’s

       termination of Father’s parental rights to the Children was clearly erroneous.

       We affirm the juvenile court’s judgment.

[20]   Affirmed.

       Baker, J., and Brown, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1510-JT-1750 | May 4, 2016   Page 11 of 11