Court Opinion

ID: 6325951
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-03-23 14:07:06.491035+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:22:07.100778
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-1416-20

PATRICK GRAY,

          Plaintiff,

v.

THOMAS CHAMORO, THOMAS
GARCIA-GARCIA, a/k/a
TOMAS GARCIA, CITY LINE
CAR WASH OF NEW JERSEY,
LLC, CITYLINE GASOLINE, LLC,
MARK GENOFSKY and/or
MARK TARNOFSKY, SUSAN M.
WILKINS, LARRY T. CORP., d/b/a
CITY LINE, KLEEN KAR, LLC,
d/b/a CITY LINE, NOAM
EISENBERG, HIGH POINT
PROPERTY AND CASUALTY
INSURANCE COMPANY, and
PLYMOUTH ROCK ASSURANCE,

          Defendants,

and

AVI STEIN,

          Defendant-Respondent,
and

DINO DIAMANTE NICOLETTA,

     Defendant-Appellant.
______________________________

            Submitted March 7, 2022 – Decided March 23, 2022

            Before Judges Sumners and Vernoia.

            On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
            Division, Hudson County, Docket No. L-3029-17.

            Stuart A. Wilkins, attorney for appellant.

            Melito & Adolfsen, attorneys for respondent (Steven I.
            Lewbel, on the brief).

PER CURIAM

      In an August 16, 2019 opinion and order, the court granted defendant Avi

Stein summary judgment finding co-defendant Dino Diamante Nicoletta

breached a contractual lease obligation by failing to obtain a $3,000,000 general

liability policy naming Stein as an additional insured. Nicoletta appeals from

the summary judgment order, as well as a December 17, 2020 order entered

following a bench trial awarding Stein $47,223.26 in damages allegedly

resulting from Nicoletta's breach of the lease. Based on our review of the record

in light of the applicable legal principles, we affirm the summary judgment

                                                                           A-1416-20
                                       2
order, vacate the order awarding Stein damages, and remand for further

proceedings.

                                         I.

      Stein is the co-owner of a car wash. In 2012, he leased the car wash to

Nicoletta. The lease required that Nicoletta purchase and maintain a $3,000,000

general liability policy for the car wash, with Stein named as an additional

insured.

      In 2014, Nicoletta ceased operating the car wash and sold his interest in it

to Mark Tarnofsky, who thereafter operated the car wash under Kleen Kar, LLC.

When he transferred his interest in the car wash to Tarnofsky, Nicoletta also

entered into a rider to the 2012 lease with Stein; the rider stated Nicoletta's sale

of his interest in the car wash did not extinguish his obligations under the lease.

Thus, Nicoletta's obligations under the lease, including the requirement he

maintain the $3,000,000 general liability policy, continued thereafter .

      In 2017, plaintiff Patrick Gray was pinned between two cars in the

carwash by a vehicle driven by a Kleen Kar employee who was not a licensed

driver. Gray's injuries resulted in the amputation of both his legs. In a complaint

that was amended numerous times, Gray asserted negligence claims against

Stein, Nicoletta, Kleen Kar, Tarnofsky, and others.

                                                                              A-1416-20
                                         3
      Stein learned the general liability policy Nicoletta was required to

maintain pursuant to the 2012 lease had lapsed prior to the accident in which

Gray was injured. Kleen Kar, which operated the car wash at the time of the

accident that injured Gray, had a United Specialty Insurance Company (USIC)

commercial lines policy in effect when the accident occurred.

      Stein sought a defense and indemnification from USIC under the Kleen

Kar policy, but USIC initially denied the request. Stein retained Melito &

Adolfsen (M&A), a New York law firm, to assist him in obtaining a defense and

indemnification from USIC.         The law firm obtained USIC's agreement to

provide Stein a defense in the Gray litigation, and USIC assigned Stein counsel

to defend him in Gray's lawsuit.

      M&A attorney Steven I. Lewbel, who is admitted to practice law in New

Jersey, also represented Stein in the Gray matter. As part of that representation,

Lewbel prosecuted Stein's cross-claim against Nicoletta for breach of the lease

agreement based on Nicoletta's failure to maintain the general liability policy.

      Prior to, and during the Gray lawsuit, M&A partner Louis G. Adolfsen,

who is not admitted to practice law in New Jersey, provided advice to Stein

concerning insurance coverage issues and other matters related to the Gray

                                                                            A-1416-20
                                         4
lawsuit, and conferred and communicated with the USIC-assigned counsel for

Stein concerning the lawsuit.

      M&A also represented Stein in a declaratory judgment action filed by

USIC in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey

concerning insurance coverage issues related to the Gray lawsuit. USIC sought

a declaratory judgment it had "no duty to defend or indemnify" Stein or his co-

defendants in the Gray lawsuit, "or in the alternative, that . . . [USIC's]

obligation to indemnify is limited to a $15,000 liability limit." That litigation

was resolved with an agreement USIC would provide Stein with a defense in the

Gray lawsuit and $15,000 in indemnity coverage under the Kleen Kar policy.

      Represented by another law firm, Stein also filed a landlord-tenant

complaint against Nicoletta and Kleen Kar in March 2019 for possession of the

car wash property based on Nicoletta's breach of the lease requirement that he

maintain the general liability policy. The complaint was later dismissed with

prejudice.

      In an August 16, 2019 opinion and order, the court in the Gray lawsuit

decided a series of summary of judgment motions. Pertinent here, the court

granted Stein's motion—filed on his behalf by USIC-assigned defense counsel—

                                                                           A-1416-20
                                       5
for summary judgment dismissing Gray's complaint. Thus, the Gray litigation

against Stein ended with the entry of the court's order. 1

      The court also granted Stein's motion, made by Lewbel, for summary

judgment on his cross-claim against Nicoletta for breach of the lease by failing

to maintain the $3,000,000 general liability policy. The court ordered a trial "to

determine the amount of damages [Stein] incurred" as a result of Nicoletta's

breach of the lease.

      At the ensuing bench trial, Stein sought damages for the attorney's fees

and costs billed by M&A that he claimed were incurred as a result of Nicoletta's

failure to maintain the general liability insurance policy. Stein testified the

$15,000 in coverage provided under the USIC policy was inadequate given the

nature of Gray's injuries, and therefore he required M&A's representation to

protect his personal assets. Stein also testified he could not depend on USIC-

assigned counsel to protect his personal interests in the Gray lawsuit, and he

required M&A's assistance in the USIC federal court declaratory judgment

action as well.

1
  Gray's lawsuit later settled. The settlement did not require any contribution
from Stein. USIC paid $1,000,000 toward the global settlement of the action.
                                                                            A-1416-20
                                         6
      Adolfsen testified concerning the services he and Lewbel provided Stein.

Adolfsen testified the Kleen Kar $1,000,000 policy included an exception

limiting coverage to $15,000 where, as here, liability stemmed from a motor

vehicle accident involving a Kleen Kar employee who was an unlicensed driver.

Adolfsen also explained that he reviewed and analyzed USIC's initial letter to

Stein denying coverage, and he prepared a letter to USIC for the purpose of

obtaining Stein a defense and indemnity coverage under the Kleen Kar policy.

Following its receipt of Adolfsen's letter, USIC agreed to provide a defense to

Stein in Gray's lawsuit and assigned counsel to represent him.

      Adolfsen also explained M&A represented Stein in the federal declaratory

judgment action brought by USIC and the firm represented Stein on his motion

for summary judgment on his breach of contract cross-claim against Nicoletta.

Adolfsen testified it was not USIC-assigned counsel's responsibility to prosecute

Stein's cross-claim for breach of contract against Nicoletta. Adolfsen further

explained he attended Stein's deposition in the Gray lawsuit, he attended a

mediation session in the lawsuit, and his firm was otherwise involved in the

mediation.   Adolfsen also testified he had telephone communications with

Nicoletta's counsel.

                                                                           A-1416-20
                                       7
      On cross-examination, Adolfsen acknowledged "there was not a lot of

activity in the" declaratory judgment action, and the majority of M&A's billing

was for work done concerning Gray's lawsuit. He explained "it wasn't so much

that [he] was in the [s]tate [c]ourt action" because Stein had an USIC-assigned

defense lawyer. Adolfsen explained he talked with Stein during the Gray lawsuit

and provided legal advice, and he indicated that he would not be surprised if he

billed up to $30,000 of the $67,000 Stein sought in damages for doing so.

      Adolfsen testified he was not admitted pro hac vice in the Gray lawsuit,

and he admitted that in 2014 he was placed on the New Jersey Supreme Court's

pro hac vice ineligibility list.   Adolfsen explained he had been previously

admitted pro hac vice in New Jersey but stopped paying the annual pro hac vice

fee when he was no longer involved in cases in the state.

      Adolfsen testified he was aware he needed to be admitted pro hac vice to

provide "legal advice in the State of New Jersey in a State Court action," but

claimed he "wasn't providing . . . legal advice" to Stein. Adolfsen said, he ''was

not involved in the [s]tate [c]ourt action. Steve[n Lewbel] was involved because

[he] was not admitted."

      Adolfsen further testified he "never went to a conference in the State

action. [He] never appeared in the courthouse," and, contradicting his prior

                                                                            A-1416-20
                                        8
testimony, he stated, "I never went to a deposition." He characterized his work

as "being involved with dealing with [his] clients, and their concerns, the

coverage actions, what things meant." He stated he "would talk to . . . [USIC-

assigned counsel] from time to time, [asking] how's the case going? . . . [He'd

then] try to explain to [Stein] what [USIC-assigned counsel] said."             He

characterized his participation as follows:

             I was sitting in my office in New York. I wasn't doing
             anything in New Jersey at all. As far as I was
             concerned, my clients were in Israel or New York, and
             I was talking to them on the phone about things and
             consulting with two New Jersey lawyers about what's
             going on.

      Adolfsen explained that Stein's cross-claim for breach of the lease was "a

whole other issue that ha[d] nothing to do with the insurance company

defending" Stein. Adolfsen acknowledged USIC-assigned counsel filed the

cross-claim against Nicoletta on Stein's behalf as part of Stein's answer to Gray's

complaint.

      Adolfsen testified M&A billed for an appearance at the mediation despite

the fact Stein had been dismissed from the case already. According to Adolfsen,

Lewbel went to the mediation to ensure that any agreement included "something

to the effect that the mediation had no effect on our claims for breach of

contract."

                                                                             A-1416-20
                                        9
      The court reserved decision on Stein's damages claim and directed that the

parties file post-trial briefs.2   In his post-trial submission, Stein claimed

$74,893.08 in damages.

      On December 16, 2020, the court issued an order and opinion, awarding

Stein $47,223.26 in damages. The court rejected Nicoletta's argument that Stein

could not recover fees for Adolfsen's services because Adolfsen, who is not

licensed to practice in New Jersey, "engaged in the unauthorized practice of law

and is therefore not entitled to attorney's fees."

      The court explained it awarded fees based on its finding, made in granting

Stein summary judgment on his cross-claim, that Stein was entitled to damages

that "flow from" Nicoletta's breach of the lease by failing to maintain the

requisite general liability policy. The court then determined the "damages which

'flow[]' from Nicoletta's failure to procure insurance are the attorneys' fees Stein

incurred to defend Gray's personal injury claims."

2
  The court also reserved decision on two motions for directed verdicts made
by Nicoletta during the trial. We do not address the motions because Nicoletta
does challenge the court's disposition of them on appeal. See Sklodowsky v.
Lushis, 417 N.J. Super. 648, 657 (App. Div. 2011) (holding that issue not briefed
on appeal is deemed waived); Jefferson Loan Co. v. Session, 397 N.J. Super.
520, 525 n.4 (App. Div. 2008) (same).

                                                                              A-1416-20
                                        10
      The court further explained that it reviewed certifications from Lewbel

detailing the M&A fees and costs Stein sought as damages, and the court noted

it considered Nicoletta's objections to the alleged damages. The court detailed

its determination as to which M&A fees and costs it deemed constituted damages

and those fees and costs that did not constitute recoverable damages.

      The court found Stein was not entitled to damages for:

            a. fees and costs incurred in connection with the
            landlord-tenant proceeding because the action did not
            relate to the insurance coverage issue which was the
            subject matter of the trial;

            b. fees and costs incurred for Adolfsen's preparation of
            his pro hac vice admission in the federal declaratory
            judgment action because Stein could have reasonably
            hired a New Jersey attorney to represent him in that
            action;3

            c. fifty percent of the fees charged for phone
            consultations between Stein and Adolfsen because
            "most of the conversations were not in themselves the
            conveyance of 'legal advice' but rather simply
            reassuring" Stein that M&A gave the "matter the time
            and attention it required";

            d. any fees for Adolfsen associated with             his
            appearance as a witness at the damages trial; and

3
  It appears Adolfsen prepared an application for pro hac vice admission in the
federal declaratory judgment action. The trial judge disallowed any fees or costs
associated with that application.

                                                                           A-1416-20
                                      11
            e. fees and costs incurred following entry of the
            August 16, 2019 order granting Stein summary
            judgment dismissing Gray's complaint against him. 4

      The court found Stein was entitled to damages all other fees and costs

billed by M&A, including fees and costs for:

            a. communications with, and preparation of
            correspondence to, USIC for the purpose of obtaining
            coverage and defense for Stein under the Kleen Kar
            policy;

            b. legal services provided in connection with the
            federal declaratory judgment action brought by USIC;

            c. Adolfsen's communications and consultations with
            Stein regarding insurance coverage issues, the federal
            declaratory judgment action, and the Gray lawsuit; 5

            d. Lewbel's representation of Stein in the Gray lawsuit,
            including his prosecution of the cross-claim against
            Nicoletta for breach of the lease; and

            e. attorney's fees for sixteen hours associated with the
            preparation for, and attendance at, the damages trial.

4
  As we explain, the court found Stein was entitled to damages for fees charged
by M&A following the August 16, 2019 summary judgment order, but only for
time spent preparing for, and attending, the damages trial.
5
  As noted, the court limited its award of damages to fifty percent of the fees
associated with Adolfsen's consultations with Stein.

                                                                         A-1416-20
                                      12
      Based on those findings, the court later sifted through M&A's billing

entries, and applied what it determined was a reasonable hourly rate to the

number of hours expended on tasks that fell within the categories of fees and

costs it had deemed constituted compensable damages.

      The court entered a final order directing Nicoletta pay Stein $47,223.26

in damages. Nicoletta appealed from the order granting summary judgment on

Stein's cross-claim, and the order and judgment awarding Stein damages.

                                      II.

      Although his notice of appeal reflects an appeal from the August 16, 2019

order granting Stein summary judgment on his breach of contract cross -claim,

Nicoletta's merits brief does not include any argument challenging the order.

We therefore deem that Nicoletta waives any claim the summary judgment order

was entered in error, and we affirm the order without any further discussion.

See Sklodowsky, 417 N.J. Super. at 657; Jefferson Loan Co., 397 N.J. Super. at

525 n.4.

      In his challenge to the court's order awarding damages, Nicoletta argues

the court failed to address or apply the standard applicable to an award of

damages based on a breaching party's failure to procure insurance, and the court

failed to make any findings establishing a causal connection between the breach

                                                                          A-1416-20
                                      13
of the lease and its determination of the damages. Nicoletta asserts a damage

award must only place a party in the same situation they would have been had

there not been a breach of a contract, and the court's damages award places Stein

in a better position than he would have been had the lease obligation to o btain

insurance not been breached.

      Nicoletta argues the court erred by awarding attorney's fees and costs to

Stein because there is no statute, rule, or contract provision authorizing the

award of attorney's fees as damages for Stein's breach of contract claim.

Nicoletta relies on "the American Rule, which prohibits a litigant from

recovering counsel fees from [an adverse party] when the fees were incurred in

an action to establish that [party's] liability." In re Estate of Lash, 169 N.J. 20,

30 (2001). He claims the court erred by ignoring the general principle that "New

Jersey generally disfavors the shifting of attorneys' fees," unless the recovery of

those fees is "expressly provided for by statute, court rule, or contract."

Packard-Bamberger & Co., Inc. v. Collier, 167 N.J. 427, 440 (2001). And he

asserts the court's award of damages to Stein violates the American Rule and

does not fall within any exception to the rule because no statute, rule, or contract

authorizes the attorney's fee damages award here.

                                                                              A-1416-20
                                        14
      Nicoletta's arguments ignore that the trial court correctly relied on an

exception to the American Rule permitting "an allowance of reasonable counsel

fees where the incurring thereof is a traditional element of damages in a

particular action." Estate of Lash, 169 N.J. at 31 (quoting Pressler, Current N.J.

Court Rules, cmt. 2.10 on R. 4:42-9 (2000)); see also Pressler & Verniero,

Current N.J. Court Rules, cmt. 2.9 on R. 4:42-9 (2021) (explaining Rule 4:42-9

"does not preclude an allowance of reasonable attorney's fees if the incurring

thereof is a traditional element of damages in a particular cause of action"). "A

plaintiff has the right to recover attorney's fees incurred in other litigation with

a third person, if the plaintiff became involved in that litigation as a result of a

breach of contract or tortious act by the present defendant." Ibid. (quoting 22

Am. Jur.2d Damages § 618 (1988)); see Donovan v. Bachstadt, 91 N.J. 434, 448

(1982) (awarding attorney's fees in the form of damages due to a party's breach

of contract).

      Where a party establishes a breach of contract, the breaching party, "is

liable for all of the natural and probable consequences of the breach of that

contract." Totaro, Duffy, Cannova & Co. v. Lane, Middleton & Co., 191 N.J.

1, 13 (2007) (quoting Pickett v. Lloyd's, 131 N.J. 457, 474 (1993)). The purpose

of awarding damages is "to put the injured party in as good a position as . . . if

                                                                              A-1416-20
                                        15
performance had been rendered."        Ibid. (alteration in original) (quoting

Donovan, 91 N.J. at 444). In addition, the damages "must be a reasonably

certain consequence of the breach although the exact amount of the loss need

not be certain." Donovan, 91 N.J. at 445.

      Where, as here, a party breaches a contractual obligation to procure

insurance coverage, the measure of damages is "the amount that would have

been due under the policy provided it had been obtained." Robinson v. Janay,

105 N.J. Super. 585, 591 (App. Div. 1969) (quoting 43 Am. Jur. 2d. Insurance

§ 174 (1982)). See also Carvalho v. Toll Bros. & Developers, 278 N.J. Super.

451, 466 (App. Div. 1995) (holding a third-party beneficiary of a contract

requiring they be included in a general liability policy as an additional insured

was "entitled to recover its loss sustained by reason of the breach" in "the

amount of coverage that would have been available to it under the policy if [the

breaching party] had complied with its contract obligation"). As we explained

in Antenucci v. Mr. Nick's Mens Sportswear, where a tenant breaches a

contractual obligation to procure insurance providing coverage for the landlord,

the tenant is "liable for the losses sustained by the landlord flowing from that

breach." 212 N.J. Super. 124, 131 (App. Div. 1986).

                                                                           A-1416-20
                                      16
      Contrary to Nicoletta's claim the court did not identify the standard it

utilized to determine Stein's damages, in its written opinion granting Stein

summary judgment on his cross-claim for breach of contract, the trial court

relied on Robinson and found that because Nicoletta failed to procure the general

liability policy, he was liable for Stein's attorney's fees that would have

otherwise been covered by the insurance policy Nicoletta was obligated to

obtain under the lease. The court explained "Stein's damages flow from the

failure of Nicoletta to procure insurance," and ordered a trial on Stein's damages

resulting from Nicoletta's breach of the lease. And, in its opinion following the

damages trial, the court declared, in accordance with the Robinson standard, the

damages that flowed from the breach "are the attorney's fees Stein incurred to

defend Gray's personal injury claims until" entry of the summary judgment order

dismissing Gray's complaint against Stein.

      The evidence at trial established Nicoletta let a $3,000,000 general

liability policy that included Stein as an additional insured lapse prior to Gray's

accident. Stein did not introduce the policy in evidence at trial, and thereby

hampered the court's ability to define precisely what would have covered by the

policy if Nicoletta had not breached the agreement. See Cromartie v. Carteret

Sav. & Loan, 277 N.J. Super. 88, 98-99 (App. Div. 1994) (utilizing a lapsed fire

                                                                             A-1416-20
                                       17
insurance policy introduced in evidence to establish the non-breaching party's

entitlement to damages under the Robinson standard). In his failure to introduce

the policy as the benchmark for a determination of damages under the Robinson

standard, Stein rendered it difficult for the trial court, and this court, to apply

that standard.

      Nonetheless, measured against the Robinson standard as correctly

articulated by the trial court, we are convinced the court erred in its

determination of Stein's damages. That is because the court recognized the

Robinson standard as the benchmark, but then did not correctly apply it.

      The parties do not dispute the general liability policy Nicoletta failed to

maintain would have afforded Stein a defense in Gray's lawsuit and $3,000,000

in indemnity coverage for Gray's personal injury claims. Under Robinson, Stein

was therefore entitled to damages for the fees and costs for the defense and

indemnity he was denied in the absence of the policy required under the lease.

      Stein did not suffer any damages due to the absence of the indemnity

coverage that would have otherwise been provided by the general liability policy

because he was granted summary judgment on Gray's claims and no damages

verdict was returned against him in the Gray lawsuit. Stein also did not suffer

damages in the form of the absence of a defense to Gray's claims because USIC

                                                                             A-1416-20
                                       18
provided assigned counsel to Stein, the assigned counsel represented Stein in

the Gray lawsuit and, as it turned out, the assigned counsel obtained summary

judgment in Stein's favor resulting in the dismissal of Gray's claims against him.

      We agree, however, with the trial court's implicit finding that Nicoletta's

failure to maintain the $3,000,000 policy, and the coverage afforded to Stein

under USIC's more limited policy, necessitated Stein's retention of personal

counsel at his own expense to address his exposure for a damages award in the

Gray lawsuit over and above whatever coverage was to be provided under the

USIC policy. Stein would not have required the retention of such counsel to

protect his personal interests in Gray's lawsuit against him, at least to address

his exposure for a damage award against him in excess of the USIC coverage

and up to $3,000,000, but for Nicoletta's breach of the lease.

      For those reasons, we are convinced the court correctly determined under

the Robinson standard that Stein was entitled to recover as damages the fees he

incurred for Lewbel's representation of him as his personal counsel in the Gray

lawsuit through the date of the court's August 16, 2019 order granting Stein

summary judgment on Gray's claims against him. We recognize some of those

fees were incurred for the prosecution of Stein's motion for summary judgment

on his cross-claim against Nicoletta, but Stein is entitled to those fees as well

                                                                            A-1416-20
                                       19
because the cross-claim was asserted in the answer filed by defense counsel

assigned by USIC, and prosecution of the motion was therefore required by

necessity in Gray's lawsuit.    Thus, we conclude the trial court correctly

determined Stein is entitled to the fees and costs associated with Lewbel's

representation of him in the Gray lawsuit through dismissal of Gray's claims on

August 16, 2019.

      The court, however, erred by awarding Stein damages for M&A's

involvement in, and provision of consultation and advice concerning, coverage

issues under the USIC policy. The trial record lacks any evidence the legal

services associated with addressing coverage issues concerning the USIC policy,

and obtaining coverage under the policy, would have been provided under the

general liability policy Nicoletta failed to obtain as required under the lease.

See Robinson, 105 N.J. Super. at 591; Cromartie v. Carteret Sav. & Loan, 277

N.J. Super. at 99.

      Moreover, Stein would have required M&A's services to address and

litigate issues related to coverage under the USIC policy even if Nicoletta had

obtained the general liability policy. That is because Stein was entitled to

whatever insurance was available, including the coverage under the USIC

policy, in addition to what would have been the coverage under the policy

                                                                          A-1416-20
                                      20
required under the lease. Additionally, given the nature of Gray's catastrophic

injuries, it can be reasonably inferred Stein would have taken every step required

to maximize the insurance coverage available to him, including a diligent pursuit

of whatever coverage was available under the USIC policy, such that he would

have employed counsel to address and litigate coverage issues under the USIC

policy even if the policy required under the lease was in place.

      Stein failed to prove Nicoletta's breach of the lease caused him to incur

M&A's fees related to the USIC policy because those fees would not have been

covered had Nicoletta obtained the policy required under the lease. For that

reason, the court erred in awarding as damages fees and costs associated with

M&A's services related to Stein's coverage under the USIC policy, including

M&A's communications with USIC and its counsel concerning coverage issues,

M&A's consultations with USIC, Stein, and others concerning the USIC policy

and coverage issues related to it, and M&A's services related to the federal

declaratory judgment action. Again, Stein failed to present evidence the costs

of all those services would have been covered if the general liability policy

required under the lease had been maintained by Nicoletta, and therefore they

do not constitute compensable damages for his breach of the lease.            See

                                                                            A-1416-20
                                       21
Robinson, 105 N.J. Super. at 591; Cromartie v. Carteret Sav. & Loan, 277 N.J.

Super. at 99.

      For those reasons, the court erred by awarding as damages the fees or costs

for any services provided by Adolfsen.         As he explained during his trial

testimony, Adolfsen did not participate in the Gray lawsuit, which was handled

exclusively by Lewbel. Adolfsen's services were directed solely to coverage

issues related to the USIC policy, including M&A's litigation of the declaratory

judgment action. To the extent any services Adolfsen provided might be argued

to constitute services directly in defense of the claims in Gray's lawsuit, they are

disallowed as damages because the record shows Lewbel, and not Adolfsen, was

Stein's personal counsel in the lawsuit, and, as noted, Adolfsen disavowed

providing representation of Stein in the lawsuit.       For the reasons we have

explained, the fees and costs associated with Adolfsen's services are not

compensable damages for Nicoletta's breach of the lease. Thus, none of the fees

and costs associated with Adolfsen's representation of Stein constituted

recoverable damages on Stein's cross-claim for breach of the lease. 6 The court

erred by finding otherwise.

6
  It is therefore unnecessary to decide whether the court correctly rejected
Nicoletta's claim Adolfsen could not properly collect fees from Stein based on

                                                                              A-1416-20
                                        22
      The court also erred by finding Stein was entitled to damages for the

sixteen hours of M&A's time in preparation for, and attendance at, the damages

trial. To be sure, those fees would not have been covered by the general liability

policy had Nicoletta not breached the lease, see Robinson, 105 N.J. Super. at

591, and neither the court nor Stein point to any statute, court rule, or contractual

provision supporting the award of those fees, see Litton Indus., Inc. v. IMO

Indus., Inc., 200 N.J. 372, 385 (2009). We find no support in the law for the

court's determination the fees for those services are compensable as damages for

Nicoletta's breach of the lease.

      We therefore vacate the December 16, 2019 final order and judgment

awarding Stein $47,223.26 in damages and remand for the court to recalculate

the damages and enter an appropriate final order. The court shall consider

Lewbel's certifications of services previously provided to the trial court,

Nicoletta's contention Adolfsen's provision of the services constituted the
unlicensed practice of law in the State of New Jersey. See Slimm v. Yates, 236
N.J. Super. 558, 564 (Ch. Div. 1989) ("Recovery of compensation for legal
services by one not authorized to practice law will not be permitted by our
courts."). We conclude that even if Adolfsen could properly charge fees for the
services provided, the fees associated with his services are not recoverable as
damages because Stein failed to present evidence the fees would have been
covered by the general liability policy Nicoletta was required to maintain under
the lease. See Robinson, 105 N.J. Super. at 591; Cromartie, 277 N.J. Super. at
98-99.
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consider argument from counsel, and award as damages M&A's fees and costs

associated with only Lewbel's representation of Stein in the Gray lawsuit

through entry of the August 16, 2019 summary judgment order. All other fees

and costs associated with M&A's representation of Stein shall not be included

as damages in the final order and judgment.

      In sum, we affirm the court's August 16, 2019 order granting Stein

summary judgment on his cross-claim against Nicoletta for breach of the 2012

lease. We vacate the December 16, 2019 order and judgment awarding Stein

damages in the amount of $47,223.26, and remand for further proceedings in

accordance with this opinion.

      Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded for further proceedings.

We do not retain jurisdiction.

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