Court Opinion

ID: 4695817
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-06-15 20:13:07.749985+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:05:37.421451
License: Public Domain

06/15/2021
               IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT KNOXVILLE
                                 April 14, 2021 Session

                   JOHN C. HELTON v. ESTHER R. HELTON

                 Appeal from the Circuit Court for Hamilton County
                    No. 16D276 William B. Acree, Senior Judge
                     ___________________________________

                           No. E2020-00599-COA-R3-CV
                       ___________________________________

This is an appeal from the trial court’s judgment finding Husband in civil contempt for his
failure to comply with certain monetary obligations under the parties’ final decree of
divorce. In addition to finding Husband in contempt, the court entered a monetary judgment
against Husband and awarded Wife attorney’s fees in connection with the proceedings.
Husband argues that the trial court erred in finding him in civil contempt, contending that
he does not have the present ability to pay. He does not object to any other aspect of the
trial court’s order, including the judgment entered against him. For her part, Wife raises
an issue regarding the amount of the trial court’s award of her attorney’s fees. We vacate
the trial court’s finding Husband in civil contempt and remand for reconsideration of
Husband’s ability to pay, and we further vacate the trial court’s award of Wife’s attorney’s
fees and remand for reconsideration.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Vacated in
                               part and Remanded

ARNOLD B. GOLDIN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which FRANK G. CLEMENT,
JR., P.J., M.S., and J. STEVEN STAFFORD, P.J., W.S., joined.

Barry L. Gold, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellant, John C. Helton.

John R. Anderson and Katherine H. Lentz, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellee,
Esther R. Helton.
                                      MEMORANDUM OPINION1

                            BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       John C. Helton (“Husband”) and Esther R. Helton (“Wife”) divorced on July 20,
2016. Incorporated into the parties’ final decree of divorce was a marital dissolution
agreement (“MDA”). Pursuant to the MDA, Husband was to pay Wife alimony in the
amount of $4,000.00 per month until the marital home sold2 and, thereafter, $5,000.00 per
month until Wife turns 70, remarries, cohabitates with a non-relative, or either party dies.
The MDA also provided that Husband was responsible for the parties’ son’s student loan
debt. The “Noncompliance” provision of the MDA provided that, in the event of legal fees
incurred as a result of a breach of any portion of the agreement, the court shall award the
non-defaulting party attorney’s fees and court costs.

       On April 11, 2018, Wife filed a petition for contempt, alleging that Husband had
failed and refused to be responsible for their son’s student loan debt. On May 21, 2018,
Husband filed an answer to Wife’s petition for contempt, as well as a counter-petition for
contempt and modification. In his pleading, Husband denied Wife’s contempt allegations,
contending that the student loans were in “deferment” and thus he could not be in contempt.
Additionally, Husband sought modification of the alimony award stipulated in the MDA,
arguing that a material change of circumstances had occurred, rendering Husband unable
to pay the alimony.3 Wife subsequently filed a motion asking the court for leave to file an
amended petition for contempt to add a claim against Husband for “willful failure and
refusal to satisfy his monthly [] alimony obligation.” On August 8, 2019, the trial court
granted Wife’s motion to allow her to amend her petition for contempt.

        The matters between the parties came to be heard on February 14, 2020 in the Circuit
Court of Hamilton County, Tennessee. In its final order, the trial court found that Husband
had violated the final decree of divorce by failing to pay his son’s student loan debt and
failing to pay Wife alimony as ordered.4 Specifically, the trial court found that Husband
was in arrears in the amount of $55,000.00 for unpaid alimony and had also failed to make

        1
            Rule 10 of the Rules of the Court of Appeals of Tennessee provides:

                           This Court, with the concurrence of all judges participating in the case,
                  may affirm, reverse or modify the actions of the trial court by memorandum
                  opinion when a formal opinion would have no precedential value. When a case is
                  decided by memorandum opinion it shall be designated “MEMORANDUM
                  OPINION”, shall not be published, and shall not be cited or relied on for any reason
                  in any unrelated case.
         2
           Wife remained in the marital residence until it sold in April of 2018.
         3
           Specifically, with regard to his petition for modification, Husband alleged that, due to the two-
year maintenance of the marital residence until it sold, as well as utilities, alimony, and support for the
parties’ son, he was unable to continue to pay his MDA alimony obligations, as well as his other bills.
         4
           The trial court also dismissed Husband’s counter-petition for contempt and modification.
                                                    -2-
any payments toward his son’s student loan debt5 per the parties’ MDA. The trial court
also found Husband’s actions to be willful and entered a judgment against him as a result
of his noncompliance with his monetary obligations. Per the judgment, Wife was awarded
$55,000.00 for the arrearages of alimony and $5,000.00 for attorney’s fees. Additionally,
Husband was ordered to resume paying alimony to Wife as ordered under the final decree
of divorce. Thereafter, Husband filed a timely notice of appeal.

                                         ISSUES PRESENTED

        Husband raises a single issue for our review on appeal, which we restate as follows:

        1. Whether the trial court erred in finding Husband in civil contempt.

        Wife raises two separate issues for our review on appeal:

        1. Whether the trial court erred in failing to award Wife more of her reasonable
           attorney’s fees incurred in the proceedings.

        2. Whether Wife is entitled to an award of reasonable attorney’s fees on appeal.

                                             DISCUSSION

            Whether the Trial Court Erred in Finding Husband in Civil Contempt

        Husband appeals only the trial court’s finding that he was in contempt of the parties’
final decree of divorce by failing to pay Wife alimony and failing to pay the parties’ son’s
student loan debt. Specifically, Husband argues that he was not willful in his actions such
as to warrant the finding of contempt. By his own admission, Husband is appealing only
the finding of contempt and nothing more.6 Based on the analysis set forth below, we
conclude that the trial court erred in not making a finding whether or not Husband had an
ability to pay the ordered alimony prior to finding him to be in contempt of the parties’
final decree.

       This Court reviews a trial court’s finding of civil contempt under an abuse of
discretion standard. Konvalinka v. Chattanooga-Hamilton Cty. Hosp. Auth., 249 S.W.3d
346, 358 (Tenn. 2008) (citing Hawk v. Hawk, 855 S.W.2d 573, 583 (Tenn. 1993)). A trial
court will be found to have abused its discretion when it “strays beyond the framework of

        5
          At the beginning of the trial for the underlying proceedings, Husband’s counsel announced that
Husband had executed a “Repay Form” relative to son’s student loan debt, as requested by Wife.
        6
          Of note is the fact that Husband is both an attorney and a municipal court judge. As such, we are
understanding of his concern, as a member of the bar, to avoid a finding of contempt.

                                                  -3-
the applicable legal standards or when it fails to properly consider the factors customarily
used to guide that discretionary decision.” Id. (citing State v. Lewis, 235 S.W.3d 136, 141
(Tenn. 2007)). These discretionary decisions must consider “applicable law and relevant
facts.” Id. (citing Ballard v. Herzke, 924 S.W.2d 652, 661 (Tenn. 1996)). As such, a
reviewing court will only set aside a trial court’s discretionary decision when it “applied
incorrect legal standards, reached an illogical conclusion, based its decision on a clearly
erroneous assessment of the evidence, or employs reasoning that causes an injustice to the
complaining party.” Id. (citing Mercer v. Vanderbilt Univ., 134 S.W.3d 121, 131 (Tenn.
2004); Perry v. Perry, 114 S.W.3d 465, 467 (Tenn. 2003)).

       In Konvalinka v. Chattanooga-Hamilton County Hospital Authority, the Tennessee
Supreme Court noted that a civil contempt claim must satisfy four “essential elements.”
See id. at 354. According to the Supreme Court,

       [f]irst, the order alleged to have been violated must be ‘lawful.’ Second, the
       order alleged to have been violated must be clear, specific, and unambiguous.
       Third, the person alleged to have violated the order must have actually
       disobeyed or otherwise resisted the order. Fourth, the person’s violation of
       the order must be ‘willful.’

Id. at 354–55 (internal citations omitted). In terms of a civil proceeding, willful conduct

       consists of acts or failures to act that are intentional or voluntary rather than
       accidental or inadvertent. Conduct is ‘willful’ if it is the product of free will
       rather than coercion. Thus, a person acts ‘willfully’ if he or she is a free agent,
       knows what he or she is doing, and intends to do what he or she is doing.

State ex rel. Flowers v. Tenn. Trucking Ass’n Self Ins. Grp. Trust, 209 S.W.3d 602, 612
(Tenn. Ct. App. 2006) (internal citations omitted). Importantly, as is relevant here, “[i]n
order to find that failure to pay alimony and child support was contemptuous, ‘the court
first must determine that [the obligor] had the ability to pay at the time the support was due
and then determine that the failure to pay was willful.’” State, ex rel. Cottingham v.
Cottingham, No. M2008-02381-COA-R3-CV, 2010 WL 2943283, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App.
July 27, 2010) (quoting Ahern v. Ahern, 15 S.W.3d 73, 78–79 (Tenn. 2000)). Therefore,
when a party is seeking to hold another party in civil contempt for failing to pay support
obligations, a finding of contempt is not permissible absent a finding that the party has an
ability to pay the obligations. See also Konvalinka, 249 S.W.3d at 355.

       At the outset, we again note that, based on Husband’s brief and his counsel’s
comments at oral argument, Husband is appealing only the finding of civil contempt.
Nowhere in his brief does Husband assert that the judgment against him for noncompliance
is erroneous, nor does he take issue with any other aspect of the court’s order. In fact,
Husband does not appear to argue that he was in compliance with the final decree of
                                          -4-
divorce. Rather, he is concerned only with the adjudication of contempt. As such, we
concern ourselves only with the portion of the trial court’s order wherein it found Husband
to be in civil contempt.

        In its order, the trial court found that, regarding both the issue of the parties’ son’s
student loan debt, as well as the unpaid alimony, Husband’s violation was “willful.”
However, nowhere in its written order, nor in its incorporated bench opinion attached
thereto, is there a finding by the trial court regarding Husband’s ability to pay. The trial
court only notes that Husband’s noncompliance is “willful,” with no further explanation.
Moreover, the trial court expressly found that “[Husband’s] financial situation is dire and
his income is substantially less than what it had been several years earlier.” Instead of
supporting a finding of contempt, this consideration by the trial court tends to support the
contention that Husband did not in fact have an ability to pay. Thus, we cannot agree that
the trial court’s own express findings favor an adjudication of contempt when they instead
allude to Husband’s lack of ability to pay.

       Because the trial court made no such finding, it could not find that he was in
contempt. As such, we vacate that part of the trial court’s order finding Husband in
contempt and remand for a reconsideration by the trial court of Husband’s ability to pay.
Upon reconsideration, the trial court should prepare written findings explaining its
decision. Although we vacate the trial court’s finding of contempt, we do not disturb
Wife’s judgment against Husband for his nonpayment of alimony. Again, Husband is
appealing only the trial court’s finding of contempt and nothing else.7

      Whether Wife is Entitled to Additional Attorney’s Fees at the Trial Court Level

       This Court has previously addressed an appellate court’s review of an award of
attorney’s fees, explaining as follows:

                Normally, this court will afford the trial judge who has handled the
        pre-trial proceedings and presided over the trial considerable discretion in
        determining a reasonable attorney’s fee. Jerry T. Beech Concrete Contractor,
        Inc. v. Larry Powell Builders, Inc., No. M2001-02709-COA-R3-CV, 2003
        WL 726955 at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. M.S., filed March 4, 2003). When the trial
        court has exercised its discretion in light of the appropriate factors and found
        the fee to be reasonable, we simply review for abuse of discretion. Id. Where,
        however, there is no finding that the fee is reasonable, and no way to ascertain
        whether the court made the award in light of the appropriate factors, there is
        no way for us to accord the normal deference to the trial court.

        7
          As a result, we do not find our review on this portion of the appeal dispositive of Wife’s issue on
attorney’s fees. As we have alluded to, Husband has not challenged the award of Wife’s attorney’s fees,
nor her entitlement to a judgment or general entitlement to attorney’s fees.
                                                   -5-
                 . . . Where a trial court awards a fee, but there is nothing in the record
        to indicate that the trial court actually evaluated the amount of the fee to see
        if it is reasonable in light of the appropriate factors, the correct approach is
        to vacate the award.

First Peoples Bank of Tenn. v. Hill, 340 S.W.3d 398, 410 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2010). In
exercising their discretion, courts should determine “the reasonableness and appropriate
amount of [attorney’s fee awards] pursuant to the factors set out in [] Tennessee Supreme
Court Rule 8.” Eberbach v. Eberbach, 535 S.W.3d 467, 479 (Tenn. 2017) (citing Tenn.
Sup. Ct. R. 8, Rule 1.5).8 On appeal, Wife argues that the trial court erred by awarding her
substantially less attorney’s fees than she requested.9 At trial, Wife testified that she had
incurred $14,000.00 in attorney’s fees. However, in its order, the trial court awarded Wife

        8
            Tennessee Supreme Court Rule 8, Rule 1.5 states, in pertinent part:

                (a) A lawyer shall not make an agreement for, charge, or collect an unreasonable
        fee or an unreasonable amount for expenses. The factors to be considered in determining
        the reasonableness of a fee include the following:

                (1) the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved,
        and the skill requisite to perform the legal service properly;

              (2) the likelihood, if apparent to the client, that the acceptance of the particular
        employment will preclude other employment by the lawyer;

                  (3) the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services;

                  (4) the amount involved and the results obtained;

                  (5) the time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances;

                  (6) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client;

                (7) the experience, reputation, and ability of the lawyer or lawyers performing the
        services;

                  (8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent;

                (9) prior advertisements or statements by the lawyer with respect to the fees the
        lawyer charges; and

                  (10) whether the fee agreement is in writing.

        Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 8, Rule 1.5.
        9
          Based on Wife’s brief, we understand her request to only pertain to fees relating to her own post-
divorce proceedings rather than fees incurred in connection with Husband’s post-divorce proceedings. As
such, we will address this issue only in this regard.
                                                     -6-
only $5,000.00 for her attorney’s fees without further explanation for the reduction. It is
unclear, based on this order and the record before us on appeal, the basis for the trial court’s
award that is $9,000.00 less than the amount Wife requested. Moreover, there is no
reference or discussion as to the reasonableness of Wife’s attorney’s fees, and there is no
indication what factors or other information the trial court took into consideration in
determining its award. As such, we cannot properly evaluate Wife’s assertion that the fees
awarded to her were improper. We, therefore, vacate the award of Wife’s attorney’s fees
and remand the issue to the trial court for reconsideration of a reasonable attorney’s fee.
Upon reconsideration, the trial court should prepare written findings explaining its
reasoning in making its award.

                   Whether Wife is Entitled to Attorney’s Fees on Appeal

       “An award of appellate attorney’s fees is a matter within this Court’s sound
discretion.” (Cooley) v. Cooley, 543 S.W.3d 674, 689 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2016) (quoting
Chaffin v. Ellis, 211 S.W.3d 264, 294 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2006)). However, in determining
whether an award of attorney’s fees on appeal is appropriate, this Court will consider “the
requesting party’s ability to pay such fees, the requesting party’s success on appeal,
whether the requesting party sought the appeal in good faith, and any other equitable factors
that need be considered.” Id. (citing Chaffin, 211 S.W.3d at 294).

       In her brief, Wife argues that she is entitled to an award of attorney’s fees on appeal
“for defending against Husband’s appeal.” In light of our decision to vacate the trial court’s
ruling on Husband’s contempt and our remand for reconsideration by the trial court, we
deny Wife’s request for appellate attorney’s fees.

                                        CONCLUSION

        Based on the foregoing, we vacate the trial court’s order to the extent that it
adjudicated Husband in civil contempt and remand for reconsideration and for the court to
make written findings concerning Husband’s ability to pay. We also vacate the award of
attorney’s fees to Wife, remanding that issue for reconsideration and written findings in
light of our discussion herein.

                                                        s/ Arnold B. Goldin
                                                      ARNOLD B. GOLDIN, JUDGE

                                             -7-