Court Opinion

ID: 4429458
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-20 19:24:21.194468+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:27:47.248898
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-1639-17T3

SANDRA TURNER-BARNES,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

CAMDEN COUNTY COLLEGE
and WILLIAM THOMPSON,

          Defendants-Respondents,

and

CAMDEN COUNTY,

     Defendant.
_______________________________

                    Argued January 7, 2019 – Decided January 31, 2019

                    Before Judges Messano and Gooden Brown.

                    On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Camden County, Docket No. L-2623-17.

                    LaTonya N. Bland-Tull argued the cause for appellant
                    (Hagerty & Bland-Tull Law, LLC, attorneys; LaTonya
                    N. Bland-Tull, on the briefs).
            Hannah M. Girer-Rosenkrantz argued the cause for
            respondents (Brown & Connery, LLP, attorneys;
            Christine P. O'Hearn and Tara L. Humma, on the brief).

PER CURIAM

      Plaintiff Sandra Turner-Barnes appeals from a September 15, 2017 Law

Division order, granting summary judgment to defendants, Camden County

College and William Thompson (collectively defendants), and dismissing her

complaint with prejudice. 1 She also appeals from a November 3, 2017 order

denying her motion for reconsideration. In her complaint, plaintiff, a then sixty-

seven-year-old African-American, alleged she was wrongfully terminated on the

basis of race, age, and disability, in violation of the Law Against Discrimination

(LAD), N.J.S.A. 10:5-1 to -49. In granting summary judgment, the motion judge

rejected plaintiff's reliance on Alderiso v. Medical Center of Ocean County, 167

N.J. 191 (2001), and concluded that plaintiff's complaint was barred by the

applicable statute of limitations. On plaintiff's motion for reconsideration, the

judge maintained his position.         Because we are convinced the judge

misinterpreted Alderiso, we reverse.

1
  In its merits brief, defendants assert that Camden County was neither named
as a defendant in any of the underlying proceedings, nor served with any
pleadings.
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      The operative facts are undisputed. Plaintiff worked as the College's

Executive Director of the Camden County Cultural and Heritage Commission

from June 1, 2012, until January 23, 2015. On January 23, 2015, plaintiff

received a letter from defendant William Thompson, Vice President of the

College's Institutional Advancement Division, notifying her that due to

"declining enrollment and reduced funding," her position would be "eliminated

effective . . . January 23, 2015," "in order to reduce costs." The letter stated that

plaintiff would "remain on the payroll and receive [her] full salary through June

30, 2015," and "[a]ny accrued, unused vacation [would] be paid to [her] no later

than July 2015." According to the letter, "[a]ll benefits [would] cease effective

June 30, 2015," except for "medical and prescription coverage which [would]

cease on July 31, 2015." The letter instructed plaintiff that she could "apply for

State unemployment compensation" and attached the required form "to facilitate

[her] unemployment compensation claim." Finally, the letter directed plaintiff

to "return all College issued keys, library card, College ID, computer equipment

and any other College property in [her] possession immediately."

      On February 10, 2015, plaintiff filed a complaint with the New Jersey

Division on Civil Rights (DCR), alleging that her discharge from the College

violated the "[New Jersey] Law against Discrimination[,] N.J.S.A. 10:5-12a[,]"

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the "Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA)," "Title VII [of

the] Civil Rights Act of 1964," and the "Americans with Disabilities Act . . .

(ADA)." In her DCR complaint, plaintiff denied that "she was discharged in

order to reduce costs or that her position was eliminated, and allege[d] that she

was replaced by . . . a younger, non-Black, non-disabled, less experienced

individual." Plaintiff asserted in the complaint that the adverse employment

action she suffered occurred when she was discharged on January 23, 2015.2

      On June 29, 2017, plaintiff filed a pro se complaint in the Superior Court,

alleging that she was wrongfully terminated in violation of the LAD "as a result

of on-going racial discrimination, age discrimination, and . . . discrimination due

to [her] disability." On August 3, 2017, plaintiff withdrew her DCR complaint.

On August 28, 2017, defendants moved to dismiss plaintiff's complaint pursuant

to Rule 4:6-2(e), on the ground that the complaint was filed outside of the two-

year statute of limitations for LAD claims, and therefore failed to state a claim

upon which relief can be granted.3 Plaintiff opposed the motion, arguing that

2
  In plaintiff's DCR complaint, she mistakenly stated that her discharge date
was January 23, 2014, instead of January 23, 2015.
3
  In the alternative, defendants sought "a more definite statement" as permitted
under Rule 4:6-4(a).
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                                        4
under Alderiso, her claim accrued on June 30, 2015, and thus was not barred by

the statute of limitations.

      On September 15, 2017, following oral argument, the motion judge

considered evidence outside the pleadings, including defendants' January 23,

2015 termination letter, and plaintiff's DCR complaint.          The judge treated

defendants' motion as one for summary judgment as permitted under Rule 4:6-

2, and granted defendants summary judgment in an oral decision he later

memorialized in an order. See Giannakopoulos v. Mid State Mall, 438 N.J.

Super. 595, 599 (App. Div. 2014) ("In fact, because the court considered

documents outside the pleadings in deciding the . . . motion [to dismiss,] it is

. . . treated as a summary judgment motion."). The judge posited that the issue

central to the motion was "whether the date of [plaintiff's] termination [was]

when [she] w[as] notified not to return [on January 23, 2015,] or the date on

which payments to [plaintiff] ceased [on June 30, 2015]."

      The judge recited the undisputed facts as follows:

                    Plaintiff was terminated from her position . . . by
             letter dated January 23, 2015 . . . . That letter indicates
             that plaintiff's position with the [C]ollege was
             terminated effective the date of the letter, January 23,
             2015. She remained on the payroll through June 30,
             2015.

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                   On February 10, 2015, plaintiff filed a . . .
            complaint with the [DCR] alleging discrimination
            based on age, race[,]and disability . . . . The [DCR
            complaint] which plaintiff filed . . . specifically alleges
            that plaintiff was discharged from employment on
            January 23, 2015. The complaint in this case was not
            filed until [June 29, 2017].

      In his legal analysis, the judge explained:

                   The [LAD] is subject to a two[-]year statute of
            limitations under N.J.S.A. 2A:14-2(a) and as . . .
            discussed in [Alexander v. Seton Hall University, 204
            N.J. 219, 228 (2010)]. An action seeking recovery
            under the LAD must involve[] adverse employment
            action which occurred within two years of the filing of
            suit. Where the adverse employment action occurred
            more than two years prior to the filing of suit, the matter
            is barred by the statute of limitations . . . [, Roa v. Roa,
            200 N.J. 555, 566 (2010)].

                  Here, plaintiff's certification, as part of her filing
            with the [DCR], admits that the employment action
            occurred on [January 23, 2015]. . . . Accordingly, no
            issue of fact exists with respect to the last date and time
            in which the alleged discrimination could have
            occurred since employment terminated as of that date
            and the decision to terminate plaintiff for any adverse
            employment action occurred on or before January 23,
            2015.

      Thus, the judge concluded that "[b]ased upon the case law, . . . [plaintiff's]

complaint on its face reflect[ed] the claim [was] barred by the applicable statute

of limitations" because it was filed almost five months after the expiration of

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the two-year statute of limitations. The judge addressed plaintiff's reliance on

Alderiso as follows:

                   Plaintiff cites to . . . [Alderiso], a 2001 Supreme
             Court decision in support of her claim that the actual
             date which controls is the date on which her pay . . .
             ended, since she was paid through . . . [June 30, 2015]
             and, in particular, the letter terminating her indicated:

                   "In order to reduce costs further, your
                   position will be eliminated effective . . .
                   January 23, 2015. You will remain on the
                   payroll and receive your full salary through
                   June 30, 2015. Any accrued, unused
                   vacation will be paid to you no later than
                   July[] 2015."

              In Alderiso, [167 N.J. at 199-200,] the Supreme Court
             . . . stated the following:

                   "For clarity, we also note that the date of
                   discharge for limitation purposes does not
                   include any subsequent date on which
                   severance, health or other . . . extended
                   benefits are paid."

       The judge found that it was "clear, based upon . . . the termination letter

of January 23, 2015, that plaintiff's termination occurred on [January 23, 2015 ,]

and plaintiff herself acknowledge[d] that [date] in . . . her filing with the [DCR]."

Thus, in rejecting plaintiff's reliance on Alderiso, the judge concluded "[t]he

adverse employment decision . . . from which this claim [arose]" had "already

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occurred" at "the point of termination[,]" despite the fact that plaintiff

"receive[d] pay after that date[.]" 4

      On November 3, 2017, in an oral decision, the judge denied plaintiff's

motion for reconsideration for the reasons articulated in his initial decision. The

judge stated that the new information submitted by plaintiff in support of her

reconsideration motion was available to her at the time the summary judgment

motion was heard and "[a] party may not . . . obtain reconsideration on the basis

of information that could have been provided earlier, but . . . was not provided

or otherwise overlooked[.]" 5 Likewise, the judge rejected plaintiff's newly

minted "judicial estoppel" argument, based on defendants' invocation of the June

30, 2015 termination date before various tribunals, and plaintiff's "interests of

justice" argument, based on the purported absence of prejudice to defendants.

4
  Contrary to plaintiff's argument, the judge did not distinguish Alderiso on the
ground that her remaining on the payroll until June 30, 2015, constituted
severance payments. Indeed, such a contention is not supported by the facts in
the record, viewed in the light most favorable to plaintiff. Angland v. Mountain
Creek Resort, Inc., 213 N.J. 573, 577 (2013) (citing Brill v. Guardian Life Ins.
Co., 142 N.J. 520, 523 (1995)).
5
  The judge acknowledged that a certification filed with the New Jersey Division
of Pensions and Benefits, listing plaintiff's discharge date as June 30, 2015, was
unavailable to plaintiff when the summary judgment motion was decided, but
noted that the certification "d[id] not change [his] analysis or . . . initial
decision."
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The judge concluded that "[n]ew theories [were] not proper for reconsideration"

and entered a memorializing order. This appeal followed.

      We review a grant of summary judgment applying the same standard used

by the trial court. Steinberg v. Sahara Sam's Oasis, LLC, 226 N.J. 344, 366

(2016). That standard is well-settled.

            [I]f the evidence of record—the pleadings, depositions,
            answers to interrogatories, and affidavits—"together
            with all legitimate inferences therefrom favoring the
            non-moving party, would require submission of the
            issue to the trier of fact," then the trial court must deny
            the motion. On the other hand, when no genuine issue
            of material fact is at issue and the moving party is
            entitled to a judgment as a matter of law, summary
            judgment must be granted.

            [Ibid. (quoting R. 4:46-2(c)).]

      Applying these standards, we agree with plaintiff that the motion judge

"misapplied Alderiso" to the undisputed facts pertinent to the issue on appeal.

In Alderiso, our Supreme Court interpreted the accrual date for purposes of the

statute of limitations provision of the Conscientious Employee Protection Act,

N.J.S.A. 34:19-1 to -8 (CEPA), as follows:

            We must determine whether plaintiff's cause of action
            accrued on the date that she received notice of her
            termination or on some later date, such as the date of
            discharge or the first day of unemployment.

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                  We hold that when the employer's alleged
            conduct consists of wrongful termination, the
            employee's cause of action under CEPA accrues on the
            date of actual discharge. We interpret that date to mean
            the last day for which the employee is paid a regular
            salary or wage. It does not include any subsequent date
            on which severance, health, or other extended benefits
            are paid. For computation purposes, the first day to be
            included in the . . . limitations period is the day after
            the date of discharge.

            [Id. at 194-95.]

      Stated differently, the Court interpreted the date of discharge "to

encompass the first full day of unemployment, i.e., the day after the last day for

which [the employee] was paid," rather than the date the employee received

notice of termination. Id. at 198. As applied to the plaintiff in Alderiso, who

was given oral notice of her termination on January 14, 1997, instructed "to

return to work the following day to close out her files[,]" did not return as

requested but was paid "her regular salary through and including January 15,

1997[,]" id. at 195, plaintiff's date of discharge was January 15, 1997,

"notwithstanding her absence from work on that date." Id. at 199. Further, the

Court noted that a "dispute concerning [a] plaintiff's date of discharge represents

a legal dispute, not a question of fact," and was thus subject to de novo review

by an appellate court. Ibid.

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      Although Alderiso involved a claim under CEPA, in Zacharias v.

Whatman PLC, 345 N.J. Super. 218, 227 (App. Div. 2001), "we [saw] no reason

not to apply that holding to termination claims under the LAD as well." There,

although the plaintiff was told in 1994 "that there would be no permanent place

for him" following his employer's reorganization, but that he would be paid until

1997 "when he reached the age of sixty-five[,]" id. at 220, we held that the two-

year statute of limitations on his LAD complaint based on age discrimination

did not run until 1999. Id. at 227. See also Holmin v. TRW, Inc., 330 N.J.

Super. 30, 35-36 (App. Div. 2000), aff'd o.b., 167 N.J. 205 (2001) (holding that

the applicable statute of limitations period was measured from the date the

plaintiff's cause of action accrued, and plaintiff's cause of action for fraud did

not accrue when he was notified in writing that he would be laid off, but rather

thirteen days later when his position would be eliminated).

      Here, since plaintiff was paid until June 30, 2015, for computation

purposes, the first day to be included in the limitations period is the day after

the date of discharge, or July 1, 2015. Thus, her June 29, 2017 complaint was

timely. Accordingly, we reverse the order of dismissal entered on September

15, 2017, and the order denying reconsideration entered on November 3, 2017,

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                                       11
and remand for further proceedings on the merits. Based on our decision, we

need not address plaintiff's remaining arguments.

      Reversed and remanded for further proceedings.     We do not retain

jurisdiction.

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