Court Opinion

ID: 6485227
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-06-26 23:08:30.574027+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:54:18.639755
License: Public Domain

DISSENTING OPINION OP
QUARLES, J.
The only question arising in the original proceeding in this court for a writ of prohibition prohibiting the continuance of the receivership of Joseph G. Pratt as receiver for the banking partnership of which the petitioner and the respondents M. Eomeya, Y. Ishii, U. Eobayashi, T. Mitamura and others were partners under the name of the Japanese Bank, is one of jurisdiction.
The bill of complaint filed by M. Eomeya, Y. Ishii, U. Eobayashi and T. Mitamura against the other partners, S. Eoshima, I. Yamamoto, M. Oyama, S. Eobayashi and G. Nakamura, respondents, on the 3d of June, 1915, in the circuit court of the first judicial circuit, alleged the organization of the partnership on the 19th day of May, 1909, for the purpose of carrying on a banking business in Honolulu under the name of the Japanese Bank; a capital of $30,000 subscribed by each of the parties in amounts varying from $500 to $8,750; the appointment of the respondent G. Nakamura as president and manager of the said bank; that all of the partners, except G. Nakamura, were without experience in the banking business and implicitly relied upon G. Nakamura to conduct the same. The bill, without using the words “mismanagement” or “violation of duty,” alleges that immediately after entering upon the management of the partnership business the said Nakamura began to lend large sums of money to his friends upon unsecured promissory notes and that he loaned one of the partners, I. Yamamoto, large sums of money, knowing the said I. Yamamoto to be financially irresponsible and unable to pay the said loans, taking the unsecured note of said I. Yamamoto for various loans in the sum of $6000, upon which nothing has been paid in the way of principal or interest, and that said I. Yamamoto has no property of any *701description. The bill of complaint avers that the said G. Nakamura borrowed from said bank on his own unsecured note various sums aggregating $16,328.85, upon which there is unpaid the sum of $13,328.85. By various averments in the bill of complaint it is shown, that owing to his breach of duty and mismanagement the management of the partnership business was taken from G. Nakamura, and that the complainant M. IComeya, and other members of the partnership, have endeavored to conduct the business and in doing so have been compelled to borrow money on their own individual credit to the extent of $19,000, and have been unable to make the business succeed, and that on the close of June 2, 1915, there was cash in hand in the sum of $44.33, and that the liabilities of the bank, ex'clusive of capital account, amount to $23,171.40, and the collectable assets amount to $23,743.31.
While the bill of complaint, which prayed for dissolution of the partnership and a settlement of the partnership accounts and an adjudication of the liabilities of the partners among themselves, is inartistically drawn, yet the probative facts stated therein show that the partnership business had proven a failure and could not be conducted except at a loss; at least two of the partners, Nakamura and Yamamoto, have been guilty of a breach of duty as partners, in that they have withdrawn from the partnership business, without security, large sums of money aggregating more than $20,000, nearly $20,000 of which has not been repaid, is outstanding, and at least that portion of which was withdrawn by Yamamoto is uncollectable. The probative facts alleged in the bill of complaint also show a mismanagement by Nakamura, the only partner having experience and knowledge of the banking business and upon which the ■other partners relied, such mismanagement resulting in the apparent failure of the business. Under the facts alleged I am of the opinion that the bill presented a cause for a dissolution of the partnership, and a winding up of the partnership business. If that is true then there can be no doubt as to the juris*702diction or power of the circuit judge to make an order appointing a receiver. Owing to the established principle of law that each partner is the agent of the others and of the copartnership, and in the absence of agreement on the part of all of the partners to the contrary, either partner may transact partnership business, reduce choses in action belonging to it and collect outstanding indebtedness, the protection of the interest of the creditors of the partnership, each of which has a lien through individual partners upon the partnership assets for his debt against the partnersip, as well as the interest of the individual partners, required that the business under the conditions shown to existía the bill of complaint should be placed in the hands of a receiver.
Discussing then the question of jurisdiction or power of the circuit judge to appoint a receiver in the equity suit, I think the correct rule is stated in 30 Cyc. 726, as follows: “In a suit for partnership dissolution and settlement, a court of equity has ample power to appoint a receiver, but the application of such appointment is addressed to the discretion of the court.” In. Pomeroy’s Eq. Jur., Sec. 1333, it is said: “In suits for a dissolution or winding up of the partnership, and even in some very special cases without a dissolution, the court may appoint a receiver of the firm assets, when there is any misconduct on the part of the defendants, and even, perhaps, where the partners themselves are wholly unable to agree as to the management of' the property and the settlement of the partnership affairs.” The-same learned author, in section 1330, in speaking of the appointment of receivers where two or more parties are equally entitled to possession of the property in litigation, says, “where two or more litigants are equally entitled, but it is not just and proper that either of them should retain it under his control, — as, for example, in some suits between partners.” In Ex parte Walker, 25 Ala. 81, it is said: “The authorities affirm as a general rule, that when a bill is filed seeking a dissolution of a partnership, and it satisfactorily appears that the complainant will *703be entitled to a decree for dissolution, a receiver will be appointed of course. The reason being that the same causes "which would justify a decree for dissolution generally justify the appointment of a receiver. — Kerr on Receivers, 82 (note 1). The appointment of a receiver, in all cases, rests in the sound discretion of the court, and in determining its propriety, the facts of each particular case are to be considered.” And to the same effect are the following authorities: Anderson v. Powell, 44 Iowa 20; Law v. Ford, 2 Paige 310; Marten v. Van Schaick; 4 Paige 479; Sieghortner v. Weissenborn, 20 N. J. Eq. 172, 177; Birdsall v. Colie, 10 N. J. Eq. 63; Walker v. House, 4 Md. Ch. 39. In Speights v. Peters, 9 Gill 472, the court at page 479 said: “But in respect of a fund which is claimed and is prima facie the proceeds of the partnership, it is but a provident exercise of equity power to place the property under the care of the court.” In Williamson v. Wilson, 1 Bland Ch. (Md.) 418, 421, it is said: “When.there has been a breach of duty by a partner, a receiver has been appointed and charged with the winding up of a commercial concern, Peacock v. Peacock, 16 Ves. 49; Harding v. Glover, 18 Ves. 281.” In the case of Whitman v. Robinson, 21 Md. 30, it was held that the defendant, a partner, drew out and appropriated to his own use large sums of money when the partnership was embarrassed, and that such acts were misconduct justifying the appointment of a receiver. To my mind the case last cited is on all fours with the case at bar. In Sieghortner v. Weissenborn, supra, the New Jersey equity court at page 177 said: “Courts of equity will, for sufficient cause, dissolve' a partnership before the expiration of the term for which it was entered into. And it is a sufficient cause for dissolution, that it clearly appears that the business for which the partnership was formed is impracticable, or cannot be carried on except at a loss. The object of all commercial partnerships is profit, and when that cannot be obtained, the object fails, and the partnership should be terminated. Baring v. Dix, 1 Cox 213; Jennings v. Baddeley, 3 Kay & Johns. *70478; Bailey v. Ford, 13 Sim. 495. And this doctrine is adopted and approved by elementary writers of learning. Collyer on Part. §291; Story on Part. §290.” In 30 Cyc. 655, it is said: “The absconding or other misconduct of a partner does not, ipso facto, dissolve the partnership, although it may be ground for a judicial dissolution.” And the same-authority on page 656 says: “As the object for which a partnership is formed is pecuniary gain, as soon as it becomes apparent that the business can no longer be carried on at a profit any member is entitled to have the firm dissolved.”
Under the authorities and established rules of law I am of the opinion that the probative facts alleged in the bill of complaint for a dissolution of the partnership and a settlement of the partnership affairs set forth sufficient cause for a judicial dissolution and winding up of the partnership matters, and under the showing made in the bill and the established rules of equity the circuit judge had jurisdiction to appoint the receiver. The allegations of the bill for dissolution and settlement of the partnership alleged facts which, to say the least, made a prima facie case for dissolution and settlement of the partnership and for the appointment of a receiver, hence, to my mind, it cannot properly be held that the receiver was appointed without jurisdiction.
The petitioner relies upon general rules in cases other than partnership to establish that the appointment of the receiver by the respondent circuit judge was without jurisdiction. In 34 Cyc. 18, 19, the general rule is stated as follows: “A reference-to the various decisions upon applications for the appointment of receivers will show that each case has been made to depend upon its own peculiar features in so far as particular facts are concerned and it is not often that one case will throw light upon another except so far as it may establish the general principles which should govern the exercise of the court’s discretion upon such motions. These general principles are that plaintiff must show: (1) Either that he has a clear right to the property itself, *705that he has some lien upon it, or that the property constitutes a special fund to which he has a right to resort for the satisfaction of his claim; and (2) that the possession of the property by defendant was obtained by fraud; or that the property itself, or the income arising from it, is in danger of loss from neglect, waste, misconduct, or insolvency, in which case a receiver will be appointed.” The facts alleged in this case, to my mind, show mismanagement, waste, and probable waste, of the partnership assets, which, under the general rule just quoted, authorize the appointment of a receiver. The same general rule is laid down in 5 Pom. Eq. Jur. §64.
Petitioner relies upon other authorities to sustain his contention that the receiver was appointed without jurisdiction, or in excess of the jurisdiction, of the circuit judge, which, in my opinion, do not apply here. I will briefly review the authorities relied on by petitioner: In the case of the International Trust Co. v. Decker, 152 Fed. 78, an appeal from an order appointing a receiver for a corporation, the question was not one of power, hut of propriety. In the case of Warwick v. Stockton, 55 N. J. Eq. 61, the court declined to appoint a receiver on the ground that the facts alleged did. not show a partnership but did show that the plaintiff and the defendant had entered into a joint adventure. No question of jurisdiction, or excess of jurisdiction, is discussed in that case, which was an original application for appointment of a receiver in the chancery court and there denied. In the case of Smith v. Lowe, 1 Edw. Ch. 33, which was a suit by one partner to wind up the partnership, an original application in the court of chancery for the appointment of a receiver was denied on the ground that the plaintiff was in possession of all the partnership property and in position to protect himself, to which the defendant did not object. In Aldrich v. Bag Co., 87 Atl. (N. J.) 65, there was an application for the appointment of a receiver for a corporation under a statutory provision, and the facts alleged did not make out a case by showing insolvency on the part of the corporation as *706required by tbe statute. In tbe case of Gray v. Newark, 79 Atl. (Del.) 739, an application was made for the appointment of a receiver for a corporation, which was denied, but the defendant corporation was required to give an indemnifying bond in the sum of $20,000 to secure the preservation of the plaintiff’s rights. In the case of Buchanan v. Comstock, 57 Barb. 568, plaintiff filed his bill to dissolve a partnership between himself and the defendant and asked for the appointment of a receiver. His application was denied on the ground that the defendant came in and offered to divide all of the partnership property equally with the plaintiff and to give an indemnifying bond to secure the plaintiff in any other rights that might be adjudicated to him in the case. In the case of Cronan v. Dist. Court, 15 Idaho 184, the district court had appointed a receiver .to conduct the business of a corporation and was carrying on through its receiver a lumber business for the corporation; the supreme court of Idaho granted a perpetual writ of prohibition against the further conduct of the business of the defendant by the district court through its receiver. In that case it appeared that the corporation was not insolvent, nor was it in “imminent danger of insolvency” within the meaning of the statute of Idaho providing for the appointment of receivers for corporations when the corporation is insolvent or in imminent danger of insolvency. It was made to appear in that case that the corporation there involved was possessed of unincumbered assets to the value of $1,000,000. over and above its liabilities.
To my mind the cases relied on by petitioner are not applicable to the case at bar. The rules relating to the appointment of receivers for corporations and for individuals other than partnerships are entirely different from those relating to the appointment of receivers for a partnership when the partnership business has proven a failure, cannot be conducted except at a loss, or there has been mismanagement or breach of duty on the part of one or more of the partners. Another case relied on by the petitioner is that of Cal. Feed Co. v. Club Stables, 10 Haw. *707209, 214. In. that case a creditor, who was also a stockholder (bnt the fact that he was a stockholder was not alleged in his bill of complaint), commencedTiis snit in equity and obtained a receiver for the corporation. From the decree appointing the receiver an appeal was brought to this court. There were three ■opinions in the case, but each.one holding that if the complainant should amend his bill of complaint and allege the fact, which appeared in evidence, that he was a stockholder of the ■corporation and therefore interested in the property, the decree appointing the receiver would be affirmed, otherwise it would be reversed. I fail to see any application of the rule enunciated in that case to the case at bar. There is no question but that the complainants in the equity suit for dissolution and winding up ■of the partnership business are interested in the partnership property. They are also interested in a correct application of all of the partnership assets to the partnership debts. They are interested in having all outstanding debts due the partnership collected and applied solely, in the first instance, to the payment of the debts owing by the partnership. And under the authorities the circuit court through its receiver was charged with the duty of taking charge of the partnership assets and winding it up and settling the partnership liabilities and accounts of the partners as among themselves. Many authorities, English and American, not referred to, can be cited showing that it was the duty of the circuit judge to appoint a receiver, and all of the authorities agree that it is largely a matter within the discretion of the circuit judge. While prohibition will lie to suspend or restrain the execution of a judgment, order or decree made by a circuit judge without jurisdiction, it will not lie in a case where the circuit judge had jurisdiction and the matter was discretionary.
In my opinion the alternative writ heretofore issued should be quashed and the peremptory writ of prohibition denied.