Court Opinion

ID: 9390173
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-26 21:04:37.141021+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:32.184341
License: Public Domain

2023 IL App (1st) 220472-U
                                   Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)
                                       Order filed April 26, 2023
                                                                                       Third Division

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the
limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
______________________________________________________________________________
                                               IN THE
                                  APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
                                          FIRST DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS,                            )   Appeal from the
                                                                )   Circuit Court of
           Plaintiff-Appellee,                                  )   Cook County.
                                                                )
     v.                                                         )   No. 10 CR 14466
                                                                )
TARENZO DILLON,                                                 )   Honorable
                                                                )   Maria Kuriakos-Ciesil,
           Defendant-Appellant.                                 )   Judge, presiding.

           JUSTICE BURKE delivered the judgment of the court.
           Presiding Justice McBride and Justice Reyes concurred in the judgment.

                                              ORDER

¶1        Held: In case number 1-22-0472, we affirm the trial court’s dismissal of defendant’s
                section 2-1401 petition for relief from judgment, which challenged defendant’s
                sentence, because defendant failed to establish that he acted with due diligence in
                filing that petition. We dismiss case number 1-22-0637 for lack of jurisdiction.
Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

¶2      Following a jury trial, defendant, Tarenzo Dillon, was found guilty of aggravated battery

with a firearm and was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment. 1 On direct appeal, we affirmed his

sentence over his contention that his sentence was excessive. People v. Dillon, 2014 IL App (1st)

123095-U. More than seven years after he was sentenced, defendant filed a pro se petition for

relief from judgment pursuant to section 2-1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-

1401 (West 2020)). Defendant’s petition sought resentencing because the trial court relied on his

prior conviction for aggravated unlawful use of a weapon (AUUW) in a 2005 case as an

aggravating factor, and that conviction was vacated in 2020 pursuant to People v. Aguilar, 2013

IL 112116. The trial court dismissed defendant’s section 2-1401 petition, and he now appeals that

ruling. For the following reasons, we affirm the dismissal of defendant’s section 2-1401 petition

in case number 1-22-0472. We dismiss case number 1-22-0637 for lack of jurisdiction.

¶3                                         I. BACKGROUND

¶4                                       A. Trial and Sentencing

¶5      This appeal only concerns defendant’s section 2-1401 petition seeking resentencing, so we

recite only the facts that are necessary to resolve this matter. Defendant proceeded to a jury trial

on one count of attempted murder (720 ILCS 5/8-4(a), 9-1(a)(1) (West 2010)) and one count of

aggravated battery with a firearm (720 ILCS 5/12-4.2(a)(1), 12-4.3(a) (West 2010)). The evidence

established that defendant had an argument with another man at a child’s birthday party on July

18, 2010. Defendant retrieved a firearm from his vehicle and fired it toward the man he had been

arguing with. An 18-month-old girl who was playing nearby suffered gunshot wounds to her jaw,

        1
          The order resolving defendant’s direct appeal spells his first name as “Torenzo.” Defendant’s
pro se section 2-1401 petition in this case appears to spell his first name as “Tarenzo,” so we will use that
spelling.

                                                    -2-
Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

collarbone, and shoulder blade, causing her severe and permanent injury. Several eyewitnesses

identified defendant as the shooter. The jury found defendant guilty of aggravated battery with a

firearm. Defendant filed a motion for a new trial, which the trial court denied.

¶6     The trial court held a sentencing hearing on September 26, 2012. The court stated that it

had received the Presentence Investigation Report (PSI), which detailed defendant’s criminal

history. The PSI, which is included in the record on appeal, indicates that, in 2010, defendant was

convicted of misdemeanor theft of public money in federal court and was sentenced to probation.

In 2005, he was charged with AUUW and was sentenced to probation, which was terminated

successfully in 2007. In 2002, he was placed on supervision for a misdemeanor retail theft charge;

supervision was discharged that year. Regarding defendant’s AUUW conviction, Chicago police

Officer Garcia testified that he and his partners pulled over a vehicle driven by defendant, whom

he identified in court, on October 28, 2005. Defendant did not produce a driver’s license, so the

officers arrested him and recovered a loaded semiautomatic handgun from underneath the driver’s

seat. After receiving Miranda warnings, defendant stated that he forgot the firearm was in his

vehicle and that he never had a Firearm Owners Identification (FOID) card.

¶7     The mother of the girl that defendant shot submitted a victim impact statement in which

she described the graphic injuries and permanent scarring to her daughter’s head and upper body,

the fear that she and her daughter experienced after this incident, and the financial strain of caring

for her daughter’s injuries.

¶8     In mitigation, defendant submitted letters from his family, friends, and coworkers attesting

to his good character. Defendant’s cousin, Chantae Connolly, testified that defendant helped take

care of her child in addition to raising and financially supporting his own children. She described

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

defendant as nonviolent, religious, reliable, and helpful. Connolly acknowledged that defendant

collected unemployment benefits despite being employed and that “in 2005 he was arrested with

a loaded gun in the car that he was driving.” Defendant’s stepfather, Darryl Ross, also described

defendant as helpful and reliable, and acknowledged defendant’s cases involving theft of

government funds and AUUW. In allocution, defendant expressed his hope that the victim would

recover and that the court would give him the opportunity to “guide [his] children and [his] family

in the right direction.”

¶9      The State argued that defendant caused severe physical and mental harm to the child he

shot. In addition, the State highlighted that “[i]n in 2005 the defendant pled guilty to a felony

conviction of [AUUW]. A weapon that he was driving around with on the streets of Chicago, a

weapon that was loaded, and not just loaded in the magazine, there was a bullet in the chamber.”

The State argued that defendant’s criminal history undermined his mitigation evidence and

requested a 30-year sentence. In response, defendant acknowledged that he “did have a prior

[A]UUW, [and] that is a problem,” but argued that, viewed as a “whole person,” he should receive

a sentence of 6 to 8 years.

¶ 10    The trial court sentenced defendant to 20 years’ imprisonment. The court focused on the

physical and mental trauma that defendant caused to the young victim and her mother. The court

largely discredited defendant’s mitigating evidence, explaining that his behavior did not support

his family’s claims that he was a nonviolent, upstanding, and religious man. The court mentioned

that defendant “had a previous gun conviction *** on the streets of Chicago” and that he “was

given the opportunity to change his life after crime number one possessing a gun in the streets of

Chicago.” Defendant made a motion to reconsider his sentence, which the trial court denied.

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

¶ 11                           B. Direct Appeal and Postconviction Proceedings

¶ 12   On direct appeal, defendant contended that his sentence was excessive because the trial

court failed to consider mitigating evidence that he (1) had a limited criminal history, (2) had a

consistent work history and financially supported his children and their mother, (3) planned to

return to school and start a career as an auto mechanic, and (4) expressed remorse and had engaged

in community service. Dillon, 2014 IL App (1st) 123095-U, ¶ 14. Defendant also argued that the

trial court discredited his evidence in mitigation even though the State offered nothing to indicate

that the mitigating evidence was untrue. Id. This court reviewed defendant’s sentence for an abuse

of discretion because it was within the sentencing range of 6 to 30 years. Id. ¶ 15. In affirming

defendant’s sentence, this court explained that the record established that the trial court carefully

considered defendant’s mitigating evidence and was free to give that evidence less weight than the

seriousness of the offense. Id. ¶¶ 16-20. While defendant’s direct appeal was pending, our supreme

court decided Aguilar. Aguilar held that the Class 4 version of the AUUW statute in effect at the

time (725 ILCS 5/24-1.6(a)(1), (a)(3)(A), (d) (West 2010)), which categorically prohibited the

possession and use of an operable firearm outside the home, was unconstitutional. Aguilar, 2013

IL 112116, ¶ 22.

¶ 13   On December 17, 2014, defendant filed a petition for relief under the Post-Conviction

Hearing Act (725 ILCS 5/122-1 et seq. (West 2014)). Defendant alleged that (1) the trial court

should have declared a mistrial due to a witness discussing her testimony with two other witnesses

who had not yet testified, (2) the State failed to move for a mistrial and file charges for witness

tampering based on the same incident, (3) the State violated Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963)

by failing to disclose a police report, (4) a detective witness committed perjury during trial, (5)

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance, (6) appellate counsel rendered ineffective assistance,

and (7) he was entitled to discovery to identify the “true offender.” None of defendant’s

postconviction claims addressed his sentence or the impact of his prior AUUW conviction on it.

The trial court summarily dismissed defendant’s petition. We affirmed and granted appointed

appellate counsel’s motion to withdraw pursuant to Pennsylvania v. Finley, 481 U.S. 551 (1987).

People v. Dillon, No. 1-15-1132 (2017) (unpublished summary order under Supreme Court Rule

23(c)).

¶ 14                              C. Section 2-1401 Proceedings

¶ 15      On February 7, 2020, defendant filed a pro se section 2-1401 petition in this case. He

argued that, during the sentencing hearing, the trial court heard evidence in aggravation regarding

his prior AUUW conviction, which had become void pursuant to Aguilar. Defendant highlighted

that the State called Officer Garcia to testify about defendant’s arrest for AUUW, asked Connolly

and Ross about that case, and directed the court’s attention to the AUUW conviction during

argument. He also quoted the trial court’s mention of his conviction for “possessing a gun in the

streets of Chicago” as a reference to the AUUW conviction. Defendant asked the trial court to (1)

vacate his conviction for AUUW, (2) determine how much weight the sentencing court gave to

that conviction, (3) determine whether the State properly submitted that conviction in aggravation,

and (4) determine whether Officer Garcia’s testimony was prejudicial to defendant at sentencing.

Defendant attached to his section 2-1401 petition his own affidavit, which attested that his petition

was “filed in good faith.”

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

¶ 16    On September 23, 2020, defendant moved, separately from his pending section 2-1401

petition, to vacate his AUUW conviction as unconstitutional pursuant to Aguilar. 2 That conviction

was vacated on October 1, 2020, and defendant obtained a certificate of innocence on December

10, 2020.

¶ 17    On December 7, 2021, the trial court received a letter from defendant complaining about

his counsel’s representation. Defendant attached a second version of his pro se section 2-1401

petition, which made essentially the same arguments as his February 7, 2020, petition. This version

of defendant’s petition acknowledged that “defense counsel could not have known at the date of

the defendant’s sentencing hearing on 9-26-12 that aggravated unlawful use of a weapon statute

violated the United States Constitution as that was not found to be the case until the Aguilar

decision in 2013.” He argued that “we now know that the reference to the facially unconstitutional

[AUUW] statute in any legal proceeding civil or criminal does indeed violate the defendant’s

constitutional rights.” The State did not file a response to either version of defendant’s petition.

¶ 18    On March 4, 2022, the trial court dismissed defendant’s section 2-1401 petition. 3 The trial

court concluded that defendant failed to “put forth a cognizable claim that would entitle him to a

        2
            We take the facts regarding the vacatur of defendant’s AUUW conviction primarily from the
trial court’s memorandum order resolving his section 2-1401 petition. The appendix to appellant’s brief
contains a December 10, 2020, order in case number 05 CR 26282, which grants defendant a certificate of
innocence and orders expungement of his arrest records in that case. However, a party may not
supplement the record by including evidence in an appendix to his brief. People v. Williams, 2012 IL App
(1st) 100126, ¶ 27. That said, the reports of proceedings in the record on appeal do include a
representation by defendant’s counsel confirming that his AUUW conviction was vacated pursuant to
Aguilar on October 1, 2020.
          3
            We note two issues in the trial court’s memorandum order to avoid confusion in this case. First,
the trial court stated that defendant filed his section 2-1401 petition on December 7, 2021. Defendant
initially filed his pro se section 2-1401 petition on February 7, 2020, and filed a second, but essentially
identical, version of that petition with his letter to the court of December 7, 2021. Second, the trial court
states that defendant “claim[ed] that his sentence was void.” That is incorrect. Defendant claimed that his
AUUW conviction in the 2005 case was void under Aguilar, not that his sentence in this case is void.

                                                    -7-
Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

new sentencing hearing” because the sentencing hearing transcript indicated that the sentencing

court “regarded [defendant’s AUUW] conviction with little weight whereas it regarded other

factors, such [as defendant’s] prior theft offense, the depravity of his crime, and the youth and

overall suffering of the victim, with much more weight.” The court also noted that defendant’s 20-

year sentence fell in the middle of the range for a Class X offense, which is 6 to 30 years. The

court concluded that defendant failed to show cause for relief under section 2-1401 and dismissed

his petition.

¶ 19    Defendant filed two pro se notices of appeal. The first, filed on March 24, 2022, appealed

from the dismissal of his section 2-1401 petition, and initiated case number 1-22-0472. Defendant

also filed a pro se motion to reconsider the dismissal of his section 2-1401 petition in the trial

court, alleging that the court held an improper ex parte meeting with the State on the date that the

court dismissed his petition. The motion to reconsider is file-stamped April 8, 2022. On April 22,

2022, the trial court denied that such a meeting occurred and denied defendant’s motion to

reconsider. On May 3, 2022, defendant filed a pro se notice of appeal from the denial of his motion

to reconsider, which initiated case number 1-22-0637. We granted defendant’s motion to

consolidate the two appeals.

¶ 20    Defendant timely appealed.

¶ 21                                        II. ANALYSIS

Defendant’s reply brief confirms that he “never argued that his sentencing hearing was void. Rather he
clearly argued in his opening brief that the use of the void AUUW conviction at his sentencing hearing
requires a new sentencing hearing.” (Emphasis in original.). This distinction will be relevant to our
analysis of defendant’s due diligence in filing his section 2-1401 petition.

                                                  -8-
Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

¶ 22   On appeal, defendant argues that his section 2-1401 petition should have been granted and

that he should be resentenced because the trial court relied on his now-vacated conviction for

AUUW as an aggravating factor during his sentencing hearing.

¶ 23                                      A. Jurisdiction

¶ 24   As an initial matter, the State contends that we lack jurisdiction over case number 1-22-

0637 “because [defendant] had already filed his notice of appeal in 1-22-0472 prior to filing the

motion to reconsider that is the subject of 1-22-0637.” Generally, the filing of a notice of appeal

divests the trial court of jurisdiction, and the appellate court’s jurisdiction attaches immediately.

General Motors Corp. v. Pappas, 242 Ill. 2d 163, 173 (2011). However, under Supreme Court

Rule 303, when a party files a timely postjudgment motion, that delays the effectiveness of any

pending notice of appeal until the trial court resolves the postjudgment motion. Ill. S. Ct. R.

303(a)(2) (eff. July 1, 2017); see also Chand v. Schlimme, 138 Ill. 2d 469, 474-77 (1990) (where

the appellant simultaneously filed a timely postjudgment motion and a notice of appeal, the trial

court retained jurisdiction until it disposed of the posttrial motion). A postjudgment motion must

be filed within 30 days of a final judgment. 735 ILCS 5/2-1203(a) (West 2022). So, if defendant’s

motion to reconsider was timely, then it delayed the effectiveness of his first notice of appeal, and

we have jurisdiction over both appeals.

¶ 25   The trial court dismissed defendant’s section 2-1401 petition on March 4, 2022. A

certificate of service in the record, which is hand-dated March 16, 2022, indicates that a “motion

for reconsideration” and a notice of appeal were mailed to the clerk of the circuit court. The clerk

filed-stamped defendant’s notice of appeal on March 24, 2022, initiating case number 1-22-0472.

However, the clerk did not file-stamp defendant’s motion to reconsider until April 8, 2022. So, it

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

appears that defendant’s motion to reconsider was untimely because it was filed more than 30 days

after the dismissal of his section 2-1401 petition. However, defendant may be able to rely on the

date of mailing – apparently March 16, 2022 – as the filing date. “To rely on the date of mailing

as the filing date,” an incarcerated defendant must “provide proof of mailing by filing a proof of

service” that complies with Supreme Court Rule 12(b)(6) (eff. July 1, 2017). People v. Shines,

2015 IL App (1st) 121070, ¶ 33. Rule 12(b)(6) requires a “self-represented litigant residing in a

correctional facility” to certify under section 1-109 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/1-

109 (West 2022)) “the person who deposited the document in the institutional mail, stating the

time and place of deposit and the complete address to which the document was to be delivered.”

Ill. S. Ct. R. 12(b)(6) (eff. July 1, 2017). In the absence of such a certificate of service, “the date

the circuit clerk’s office file-stamped the motion controls.” People v. Blalock, 2012 IL App (4th)

110041, ¶ 7.

¶ 26   The certificate of service associated with defendant’s motion to reconsider does not

indicate the date or time at which defendant placed the motion in the institutional mail, or at what

institution he did so. Although the section 1-109 certification is dated March 16, 2022, the spaces

intended for such information on the preprinted Rule 12(b)(6) certificate of service are blank:

“PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that at: ______ AM/PM _________, 2022, I placed the documents

listed below in the institutional mail at ____________________ Correctional Center.” We cannot

say that such a certificate complies with Rule 12(b)(6). Therefore, the clerk’s April 8, 2022, file-

stamp on the motion to reconsider controls. Defendant’s motion to reconsider was untimely

because it was filed more than 30 days after the dismissal of his section 2-1401 petition, and the

trial court did not have jurisdiction to consider that motion. See Keener v. City of Herrin, 235 Ill.

                                                - 10 -
Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

2d 338, 350 (2009) (a trial court has no jurisdiction to rule upon a motion to reconsider filed more

than 30 days after the original judgment). The trial court’s denial of defendant’s motion to

reconsider is void for lack of jurisdiction, and we lack jurisdiction to hear defendant’s appeal from

the denial of his motion to reconsider. See Lampe v. Pawlarczyk, 314 Ill. App. 3d 455, 475 (2000).

We do not have jurisdiction over case number 1-22-0637 because defendant did not file the notice

of appeal in that case within 30 days of the dismissal of his section 2-1401 petition or within 30

days of an order disposing of a timely postjudgment motion. Goral v. Kulys, 2014 IL App (1st)

133236, ¶ 20 (citing Archer Daniels Midland Co. v. Barth, 103 Ill. 2d 536, 538 (1984)).

Accordingly, we dismiss case number 1-22-0637 for lack of jurisdiction. See Galarza v. Direct

Auto Insurance Company, 2022 IL App (1st) 211595, ¶ 56.

¶ 27   We note that this jurisdictional issue will not impact our resolution of the substance of

defendant’s appeal, which does not concern the trial court’s ruling on his motion to reconsider.

Case number 1-22-0472, which was initiated by a timely notice of appeal filed on March 24, 2022,

addresses the dismissal of defendant’s section 2-1401 petition.

¶ 28                                B. Section 2-1401 Petition

¶ 29   Defendant contends that the trial court should have granted his section 2-1401 petition,

which sought resentencing because the trial court considered his now-vacated prior conviction for

AUUW as an aggravating factor during his sentencing hearing. Section 2-1401 provides a

mechanism for vacating a final judgment that is more than 30 days old. People v. Stoecker, 2020

IL 124807, ¶ 18; 735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 2020). Although section 2-1401 is a civil remedy, it

applies to criminal cases as well. Stoecker, 2020 IL 124807, ¶ 18. The purpose of section 2-1401

is to present facts outside the record that, if known at the time judgment was entered, would have

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

prevented the entry of that judgment. People v. Gamez, 2017 IL App (1st) 151630, ¶ 8. Section 2-

1401 also allows a petitioner to challenge a prior judgment as void. Id. The trial court dismissed

defendant’s section 2-1401 petition without an evidentiary hearing, so our review is de novo (see

id.), meaning that we perform the same analysis as the trial court (see People v. Miles, 2017 IL

App (1st) 132719, ¶ 19).

¶ 30   The State raises three potential procedural bars to defendant’s section 2-1401 petition;

namely, that defendant (1) filed his petition after the two-year limitations period of section 2-

1401(c), (2) forfeited his challenge to his sentence by failing to raise it during postconviction

proceedings, and (3) failed to establish that he acted with due diligence in bringing this claim

before the trial court. We address each potential procedural bar in turn.

¶ 31                                        1. Timeliness

¶ 32   Both parties acknowledge that defendant filed his petition more than seven years after he

was sentenced. Generally, a section 2-1401 petition must be filed within two years of entry of the

judgment that it attacks. See 735 ILCS 5/2-1401(c) (West 2020); People v. Thompson, 2015 IL

118151, ¶ 28. However, the State did not challenge the timeliness of defendant’s petition in the

trial court, so it has forfeited that issue. See People v. Pinkonsly, 207 Ill. 2d 555, 564 (2003). The

State does not contend otherwise, nor does it argue that we should affirm the dismissal of

defendant’s petition on grounds of untimeliness. Accordingly, we will not decide whether

defendant’s petition was timely within the two-year limitations period of section 2-1401(c).

¶ 33                                        2. Forfeiture

¶ 34   The State argues that defendant has forfeited this challenge to his sentence because he

could have raised it during postconviction proceedings but did not. It is well-established that issues

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

that could have been raised on direct appeal, but were not, are forfeited in section 2-1401

proceedings. People v. Addison, 371 Ill. App. 3d 941, 947 (2007). This court has also stated that a

party cannot use a section 2-1401 petition to relitigate issues that “have previously been or could

have been adjudicated.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Stolfo v. KinderCare Learning

Centers, Inc., 2016 IL App (1st) 142396, ¶ 29.

¶ 35    Defendant was sentenced on September 26, 2012, and filed his direct appeal that day. He

filed the opening brief in his direct appeal on July 30, 2013. 4 Our supreme court decided Aguilar

on September 12, 2013. Aguilar, 2013 IL 112116. Defendant filed his reply brief in his direct

appeal on June 10, 2014, and that appeal was decided without oral argument on November 26,

2014. In theory, defendant could have realized that his AUUW conviction had become void under

Aguilar during the briefing of his direct appeal. But, as a practical matter, it would have been

difficult to bring that issue to this court’s attention at the time. Defendant would have been forced

to raise the voidness of his AUUW conviction and its impact on his sentence for the first time in

his reply, which is generally improper. See People v. Taylor, 2019 IL App (1st) 160173, ¶ 41 (“A

claim raised for the first time in a reply brief is forfeited.”). We will not fault defendant for not

raising this issue on direct appeal, particularly because the State acknowledges that he “could not

have raised the issue *** in his first appeal.”

¶ 36    However, there is no question that defendant could have raised this issue in his

postconviction petition. Defendant filed his postconviction petition in December 2014, more than

a year after Aguilar was decided. Defendant’s postconviction petition would have been an

        4
          We take judicial notice of this court’s docket in defendant’s direct appeal. See People v.
Phillips, 219 Ill. App. 3d 877, 878 (1991).

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

appropriate place to raise his claim that the sentencing court considered his now-void AUUW

conviction as an aggravating factor. The Post-Conviction Hearing Act allows a defendant to assert

that there was a substantial denial of his federal or state constitutional rights at sentencing. People

v. Dorsey, 2021 IL 123010, ¶ 31. When a court bases its sentence on a prior conviction as an

aggravating factor and that conviction is subsequently vacated, the court has infringed the

defendant’s right to be sentenced based on accurate information about his criminal background.

United States v. Tucker, 404 U.S. 443, 447-49 (1972); see also People v. Reynolds, 116 Ill. App.

3d 328, 330-31 (1983). Yet, defendant’s postconviction petition did not challenge his sentence on

any grounds, including the sentencing court’s consideration of his AUUW conviction that had

become void under Aguilar.

¶ 37   Nevertheless, we will not find forfeiture due to defendant’s failure to raise this claim in

postconviction proceedings. Illinois law is clear that claims that could have been raised on direct

appeal are barred in a section 2-1401 petition. Addison, 371 Ill. App. 3d at 947. It is also clear that

claims that were raised and resolved on direct appeal or in other collateral proceedings are barred

by res judicata and cannot form the basis of a section 2-1401 petition. People v. Cathey, 2019 IL

App (1st) 153118, ¶ 21. However, the law is not clear that the same bars apply to a claim that could

not have been raised on direct appeal, but could have been raised in a postconviction petition, but

was not. The State cites no authority in support of its argument that defendant “forfeited his claim

that the trial court improperly considered his AUUW conviction when he failed to raise it in his

2014 post-conviction petition.” We have found no such authority. Stolfo’s suggestion that section

2-1401 bars all claims that “could have been adjudicated” previously appears, at first blush, to

include more than just claims that could have been raised on direct appeal. (Internal quotations

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

omitted.) Stolfo, 2016 IL App (1st) 142396, ¶ 29. However, that language appears in the context

of whether “litigants may use a section 2-1401 petition as a second opportunity to raise arguments

that were, or could have been, made in a direct appeal.” Id. Stolfo, a civil case, does not hold that

a criminal defendant who could not have raised a claim on direct appeal, but could have raised the

claim during postconviction proceedings and did not, forfeits that claim in section 2-1401

proceedings. As best we can determine, no Illinois authority holds as much. Accordingly, we

decline to find forfeiture on that basis.

¶ 38                                        3. Due Diligence

¶ 39    The State next argues that defendant did not act with due diligence in filing his section 2-

1401 petition. To state a claim for relief under section 2-1401, a petitioner must “ ‘affirmatively

set forth specific factual allegations supporting each of the following elements: (1) the existence

of a meritorious defense or claim; (2) due diligence in presenting this defense or claim to the circuit

court in the original action; and (3) due diligence in filing the section 2-1401 petition for relief.’

” 5 People v. Glowacki, 404 Ill. App. 3d 169, 171 (2010) (quoting Smith v. Airoom, Inc., 114 Ill. 2d

209, 220-21 (1986)). With respect to due diligence, first, the petitioner must show that his failure

to discover new facts prior to the entry of judgment was the result of an excusable mistake and not

a product of negligence. G.M. Sign, Inc. v. Schane, 2013 IL App (2d) 120434, ¶ 40. Second, the

petitioner must show that he filed the petition itself in a timely manner, without undue delay after

becoming aware of the factual basis for the petition. Id. The petitioner has the burden to establish,

by a preponderance of the evidence, his due diligence in presenting his claim and filing his section

        5
         The exception to the due diligence pleading requirement is when the section 2-1401 petition
contends that a judgment is void. Sarkissian v. Chicago Bd. of Educ., 201 Ill. 2d 95, 104 (2002). As
discussed above, defendant does not argue that his sentence is void, so he must show due diligence in
pursuing section 2-1401 relief.

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2-1401 petition. People v. Vincent, 226 Ill. 2d 1, 7-8 (2007). A trial court may dismiss a section 2-

1401 petition if the petitioner fails to demonstrate that he exercised due diligence. People v.

Bramlett, 347 Ill. App. 3d 468, 473 (2004). “The grounds available to a court for dismissing for

lack of due diligence include the mere failure to offer a reasonable excuse for undue delay in filing

the petition.” Id.

¶ 40    Defendant’s section 2-1401 petition does not set forth any factual allegations to establish

his due diligence in filing the petition. Aguilar was decided in 2013. More than seven years later,

in 2020, defendant filed his section 2-1401 petition challenging the sentencing court’s

consideration of his AUUW conviction that had become void under Aguilar. When defendant

initially filed his petition, he had not even obtained vacatur of his AUUW conviction; rather, he

asked the trial court to vacate it in that petition. Defendant’s petition gives no explanation as to

why he waited until 2020 to (1) seek vacatur of a conviction that became void under Aguilar in

2013 and (2) challenge his 2012 sentence based on the use of that void conviction in aggravation.

We do not know why defendant waited more than seven years to raise this issue, and nothing in

the record offers any explanation for his delay. Defendant has not established that he acted with

due diligence in filing his section 2-1401 petition. Accordingly, the trial court properly dismissed

defendant’s section 2-1401 petition. See id. (affirming the dismissal of a section 2-1401 petition

that did not explain a delay in filing of more than two years). We can affirm on this basis even

though the trial court did not dismiss the petition based on a lack of due diligence. See People v.

Harvey, 379 Ill. App. 3d 518, 521 (2008) (noting that an appellate court “may affirm the trial

court’s judgment on any basis supported by the record, regardless of the actual reasoning or

grounds relied upon by the circuit court.”).

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

¶ 41    Defendant does not contend that he acted with due diligence in filing his section 2-1401

petition. Rather, he requests that, “[i]f this Court finds that [his] efforts as reflected in the record

are insufficient to show due diligence, it should grant [him] the opportunity to show that he had a

‘reasonable excuse’ for not filing his 2-1401 petition before he did,” citing Cathey. In Cathey, the

defendant was found guilty of attempted first degree murder and aggravated battery with a firearm

and was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment. Cathey, 2019 IL App (1st) 153118, ¶ 9. More than

20 years later, he filed a section 2-1401 petition alleging a one-act, one-crime violation at

sentencing. Id. ¶¶ 12, 19. The State did not file a response, and the trial court dismissed the petition

as untimely under section 2-1401(c) and “because aggravated discharge of a firearm and attempt

murder are separate convictions.” Id. ¶ 12. On appeal, this court explained that “timeliness under

section 2-1401 is an affirmative defense that a responding party may waive or forfeit by failing to

raise the issue below,” so the trial court could not dismiss the defendant’s section 2-1401 petition

as untimely when the State never raised the issue of timeliness. Id. ¶¶ 16, 18 (citing Pinkonsly, 207

Ill. 2d at 562-63). In addition, there were factual questions regarding the defendant’s due diligence

because he “alleged in his petition that he was not aware of the one-act, one-crime rule until

September 7, 2013, and that he relied on his attorney to conduct his defense.” Id. ¶ 28. This court

reversed the dismissal of the defendant’s section 2-1401 petition and remanded for an evidentiary

hearing on the issue of due diligence. Id. ¶¶ 28, 52.

¶ 42   There are two key differences between Cathey and this case. First, unlike the trial court in

Cathey, the trial court in this case did not sua sponte dismiss defendant’s section 2-1401 petition

as untimely, so the primary basis for reversal in Cathey does not exist in this case. Second, the

petition in Cathey explained the defendant’s delay in filing; namely, that he learned of the one-act,

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Nos. 1-22-0472, 1-22-0637 (cons.)

one-crime rule some 20 years after his sentencing. In this case, defendant’s petition offers no such

explanation. Defendant’s section 2-1401 petition acknowledges that his counsel could not have

known of the voidness of his AUUW conviction at the time of sentencing in 2012 because Aguilar

was decided in 2013, but it offers no explanation as to why defendant took no action on that issue

for more than seven years. Defendant’s briefs do not identify any factual issues regarding his due

diligence that require further development in an evidentiary hearing. We see no need to remand

this case for an evidentiary hearing on the issue of due diligence. Accordingly, we affirm the trial

court’s dismissal of defendant’s section 2-1401 petition.

¶ 43                                   III. CONCLUSION

¶ 44    For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s dismissal of defendant’s section 2-

1401 petition in case number 1-22-0472. Case number 1-22-0637 is dismissed for lack of

jurisdiction.

¶ 45    1-22-0472: Affirmed.

¶ 46    1-22-0637: Dismissed.

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