Court Opinion

ID: 4407542
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-06-17 20:53:00.098258+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:37:07.159879
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

 In the Matter of the Adoption of                   No. 79668-2-I
 K.M.T.,
                                                    DIVISION ONE

 MATTHEW TODD,
                                                    UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                              Appellant,

                  V.

 CRYSTAL MURPHY and ERIC
 MURPHY,

                              Respondents.          FILED: June 17, 2019

         CHUN, J.   —   Matthew Todd and Crystal Murphy had a child together after a

brief relationship. The child, K.M.T., was born during Todd’s military deployment

in Afghanistan. After several years of failed attempts to co-parent, Murphy

petitioned the court to terminate Todd’s parental rights and grant an adoption

order for her husband, Eric Murphy, whom she married after her relationship with

Todd.1

         After a trial at which Todd, Murphy, and Eric testified, the court terminated

Todd’s parental rights and ordered K.M.T.’s adoption by Eric. Todd appealed.

This court reversed and remanded because the trial court did not address

whether Todd failed to perform parental duties under circumstances showing a

         1For clarity, we refer to Crystal Murphy as “Murphy” and Eric Murphy as “Eric.” We
intend no disrespect.
No. 79668-2-1/2

substantial lack of regard for those duties.

       On remand, the court entered a Decision and Order on Mandate (May 17

Decision) to address the error identified on appeal. The trial court additionally

entered its Second Amended Findings of Facts and Conclusions of Law (Second

Amended FFCL), which incorporated the May 17 Decision and terminated Todd’s

parental rights.

       Todd now appeals for the second time, claiming the trial court failed to

correct the error in its initial findings of facts and conclusions of law and that

insufficient evidence supported the termination order. We conclude that the

court’s May 17 Decision and Second Amended FFCL corrected the error noted

by the first appeal and that clear, cogent, and convincing evidence supported its

termination order. Accordingly, we affirm.

                                   BACKGROUND
       The opinion from the first appeal contains a full recitation of the underlying

facts. See In re Adoption of K.M.T., 195 Wn. App. 548, 552-57, 381 P.3d 1210

(2016) (K.M.T. I).

       In the first appeal, we reversed the trial court’s order terminating Todd’s

parent-child relationship with K.M.T. because it “did not contain an express

finding of fact that failure to perform parental duties was under circumstances

showing a substantial lack of regard for those duties.” K.M.T. I, 195 Wn. App. at

564. We remanded with directions to the trial court to address, based on the

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existing record, “whether under ROW 26.33.120(1) clear, cogent, and convincing

evidence establishes that [Todd] failed to perform his parental duties under

circumstances showing a substantial lack of regard for his parental obligations.”

K.M.T. I, 195 Wn. App. at 566.

       On remand, Todd moved to dismiss the termination petition, arguing

Murphy and Eric failed to prove he was an unfit parent. The trial court denied the

motion, Instead, the court entered its May 17 Decision that addressed the

direction from the Court of Appeals to determine whether Todd failed to perform

parental duties under circumstances showing a substantial lack of regard for his

parental obligations. In it, the court went through the facts of the start of Todd

and Murphy’s relationship, his deployment, the birth of their child, their attempt at

co-parenting (including discussions about child support and visitation), his

discharge from the military for disability, and her marriage to Eric. The court

concluded the evidence established that Todd’s disinterest in being a parent, and

not his military deployment or obstruction by Murphy, caused his failure to

perform parental duties.

       On November 28, 2017, the trial court entered its Second Amended FFCL,

which incorporated the May 17 Decision and terminated Todd’s parental rights. It

set forth the following findings of fact, including several relevant findings not

included in the first FFCL (indicated in bold):
       2.7.1 Matthew Todd has not seen the child since she was 5 months
             old (June or July 2010). He has had no other contact with her.
       2.7.2 Matthew Todd has not paid any child support since

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No. 79668-2-1/4

              March 2011, except for two sporadic money orders that were
              not accepted by the mother. Support enforcement has been
              administratively stopped. Respondent did not take any
              action to resume payment after it was stopped.
       2.7.3 Matthew Todd has failed to exercise his parental rights and
             has shown no interest in being a parent to the child.
       2.7.4 Matthew Todd has presented himself as an unreliable,
             disinterested, unpleasant and even scary and potentially
             dangerous partner for raising their child.
       2.7.5 Child has been integrated in [sic] new family.
       2.7.6 Child does not know Matthew Todd as her father.
       2.7.7 Child has a half-sibling with mother.
       Todd appeals.

                                           ANALYSIS
   A. Revised Findings

       Todd contends the trial court failed to comply with the mandate from the

first appeal because its Second Amended FFCL again omitted a finding about

substantial lack of regard for parental duties. But the Second Amended FFLC

incorporated the May 17 Decision. And because the trial court’s extensive May

17 Decision addressed the issue, we disagree.

      The trial court’s Second Amended FFCL explicitly references its May 17

Decision under the “Basis for Findings” section. The trial court expressly stated

in the May 17 Decision that it sought to respond to the Court of Appeals’

mandate to “address,   .   .   .   based on the existing record, whether under

RCW 26.33.120(1) clear, cogent, and convincing evidence establishes’ that

[Todd’s] ‘failure to perform parental duties was “under circumstances showing a

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substantial lack of regard for his or her parental obligations.”

       In the May 17 Decision, the court presented a thorough analysis of the

evidence concerning Todd’s relationship with both K.M.T. and Murphy. Based on

the evidence, the trial court made several findings. Specifically, the court found

that Todd “showed no interest in being a parent to [K.M.T.} from the beginning”

and that “[t]he evidence demonstrates he wanted to have as little as possible to

do with [Murphy] and [K.M.T.].” Further, the court determined that Murphy limited

her contact with Todd because he abused her. It indicated Todd “was fine with

that because it was [Todd’s] own lack of feeling or motivation to discharge his

parental obligations to [K.M.T.] and not obstruction by [Murphy] that was the

cause of his failure to discharge those obligations.” The final finding states, “The

court finds and concludes by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence that [Todd’s]

failure to perform parental duties showed a substantial lack of regard for his   .

parental obligations given the circumstances of this case.”

       The May 17 Decision extensively considers the evidence presented at trial

and explicitly concludes that clear, cogent, and convincing evidence established

that Todd’s failure to perform his parental duties was under circumstances

showing a substantial lack of regard for his parental obligations. This decision

conscientiously addressed the Court of Appeals’ mandate in K.M.T. I. See 195

Wn. App. at 566.

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No. 79668-2-1/6

       B.      Sufficiency of the Evidence

       Todd next argues that the trial did not demonstrate that he was an unfit

parent by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence. Murphy claims the evidence

supported the trial court’s termination order. We agree with Murphy.

       The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution and article

1, section 3 of the Washington State Constitution protect a natural parent’s

fundamental liberty interest in the care, custody, and management of their child.

In re J.D., 42 Wn. App. 345, 347-48, 711 P.2d 368 (1985); In re H.J.P., 114

Wn.2d 522, 526, 789 P.2d 96(1990). RCW26.33.120(1), however, enables

courts to terminate a parent-child relationship upon a two-part showing:
       [T]he parent-child relationship of a parent may be terminated upon a
       showing by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence that it is in the
       best interest of the child to terminate the relationship and that the
       parent has failed to perform parental duties under circumstances
       showing a substantial lack of regard for [their] parental obligations
       and is withholding consent to adoption contrary to the best interest
       of the child.
       Where a trial court has terminated the parent-child relationship,

“[a]ppellate review is limited to the determination of whether there is substantial

evidence to support the trial court’s findings in light of the ‘clear, cogent and

convincing’ standard.” In re J.D., 42 Wn. App. at 348 (quoting In re Seqo, 82

Wn.2d. 736, 739, 513 P.2d 831 (1973). Under this evidentiary standard, “the

ultimate fact in issue must be shown by evidence to be highly probable.” In re

H.J.P., 114 Wn.2d at 532 (internal quotation marks omitted). “Because of the

highly fact-specific nature of termination proceedings, deference to the trial court

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No. 79668-2-1/7

is ‘particularly important.” In re Parental Rights to K.M.M., 186 Wn.2d 466, 477,

379 P.3d 75 (2016) (quoting In re Welfare of Hall, 99 Wn.2d 842, 849, 664 P.2d

1245 (1983)).

        Todd claims the evidence failed to meet the clear, cogent, and convincing

standard as to either of ROW 26.33.120(1)’s requirements—that the parent has

failed to perform parental duties under circumstances showing a substantial lack

of regard for their parental obligations and that termination is in the child’s best

interest.

        1. Circumstances Showing a Substantial Lack of Regard

       Todd asserts the evidence does not sufficiently demonstrate a substantial

lack of regard for his parental duties. Specifically, he raises the circumstances of

his military service and Murphy obstructing his contact with K.M.T.

       In addressing Todd’s deployment, the court noted that he “should not be

penalized for his military service.” Ultimately, however, the court found that Todd

“showed no interest in being a parent to [K.M.T.] from the beginning.” In

concluding that Todd’s military service did not cause his disregard for parental

duties, the court referred to his suggesting that Murphy get an abortion, his

statements that the responsibility of a child would stand in the way of his future

goals, his hostility to paying child support, and that he has only seen K.M.T. three

times in her life. Moreover, in 2012 Todd wrote a letter to Murphy “disclaiming

any interest in pursuing ‘rights to [their] daughter.”

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No. 79668-2-1/8

           As to obstruction by Murphy, the court noted that the parents “got off to a

bad start in their relationship” and that Murphy did return at least one support

check. But, as the court found, Murphy had first tried to include Todd as a

parent. She sent him ultrasounds to which he expressed disinterest and Todd

acted “personally and gratuitously abusive” to her when she tried to communicate

with him. The evidence also showed that Todd only made a minimal effort to see

K.M.T. when he was in Washington. Based on this evidence, the trial court

concluded that “it was [Todd’s] own lack of feeling or motivation to discharge his

parental obligations to [K.M.T.] and not obstruction by [Murphy] that was the

cause of his failure to discharge those obligations.”

           Given this evidence, we decide that the record supports the trial court’s

determination that clear, cogent, and convincing evidence demonstrated that,

given the circumstances of this case, Todd’s failure to perform parental duties

showed a substantial lack of regard for his parental obligations.

       2. Child’s Best Interests

       Todd additionally challenges the trial court’s finding that “Todd has

withheld his consent for adoption contrary to the best interests of the child.”

Again, we conclude that clear, cogent, and convincing evidence supports the

finding.

       The trial court, which had the ability to observe and evaluate the credibility

of the witnesses, found that Todd “has presented himself as an unreliable,

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No. 79668-2-1/9

disinterested, unpleasant and even scary and potentially dangerous partner for

raising [K.M.T.].” Additionally, K.M.T. had already been integrated into a new

family, did not know Todd as her father, and has two half-siblings (Murphy and

Eric’s children).2 This evidence demonstrates the high probability that

termination of Todd’s parental rights and adoption by Eric is in K.M.T.’s best

interests.

        Affirmed.

WE CONCUR:

             ,1

       2  Though the Second Amended FFCL only mentioned a single half-sibling, K.M.T. has
two half-siblings.