Court Opinion

ID: 8207253
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-19 17:00:30.592139+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:41:23.932340
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                ______________

                                       No. 21-1389
                                     ______________

                            UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                             v.

                                   EUGENE WRIGHT
                                      Appellant

                                     ______________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                                for the District of Delaware
                             (D.C. No.: 1-19-cr-00092-001)
                      District Judge: Honorable Maryellen Noreika
                                      ______________

                   Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                 September 16, 2022
                                  ______________

               Before: KRAUSE, BIBAS, and RENDELL, Circuit Judges

                               (Filed: September 19, 2022)

                                     ______________

                                        OPINION
                                     ______________


 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
RENDELL, Circuit Judge.

      After the Government charged Eugene Wright by criminal information, he pleaded

guilty to one count of conspiracy to distribute oxycodone. The District Court granted

Wright both a downward departure from his Sentencing Guidelines range and a

downward variance. Although he waived his right to appeal as part of his plea

agreement, Wright appealed his sentence anyway. Wright’s counsel moved to withdraw

her representation under Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967) and Third Circuit

L.A.R. 109.2(a), arguing that the appeal raises only frivolous issues. We agree and, thus,

we will grant the motion to withdraw; enforce the waiver because doing so would not

work a miscarriage of justice; and dismiss Wright’s appeal.

                                            I.

       On at least eight occasions in 2018, after having agreed to sell oxycodone pills

supplied by Thomas Elgart, Wright sold varying amounts of oxycodone to a confidential

informant or an undercover Drug Enforcement Administration agent in Delaware. The

DEA arrested both Wright and Elgart at Elgart’s home and seized “292 Oxycodone 30

milligram tablets and 100 Oxycodone 15 milligram tablets, which [were] laid out on

Elgart’s kitchen table [ready] to [be sold] to [an] undercover DEA agent.” App. 49-50.

“All told, [Wright] had conspired to distribute 36,685 milligrams of Oxycodone.” App.

50.

      The Government charged Wright, by criminal information, with conspiracy to

distribute oxycodone in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(C), and 846. He later

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entered into a plea agreement with the Government and then pleaded guilty. The plea

agreement contained an appellate waiver:

             The Defendant knows that he has, and voluntarily and
             expressly waives, the right to file any appeal, any collateral
             attack, or any other writ or motion after sentencing—including,
             but not limited to, an appeal under 18 U.S.C. § 3742 or 28
             U.S.C. § 1291, or a motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255.
             Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Defendant reserves his
             right (1) to file an appeal or other collateral motion on the
             grounds that he received ineffective assistance of counsel; and
             (2) to appeal his sentence if: (a) the government appeals from
             the sentence, (b) the Defendant’s sentence exceeds the
             statutory maximum for the offense set forth in the United
             States Code, or (c) the sentence unreasonably exceeds the
             Sentencing Guidelines range determined by the District Court
             in applying the United States Sentencing Guidelines.

Supp. App. 8. Thus, Wright agreed to waive any right to appeal except on those grounds

specifically enumerated by the agreement.

      At the start of the hearing, the District Court ascertained Wright’s competence,

confirming, among other things, that he was free from the influence of drugs, alcohol or

medications. The Court also asked Wright if he was “fully satisfied with the counsel,

representation and advice” that he had received. App. 33. And the Court ensured Wright

understood what rights he was waiving by pleading guilty, including his right to appeal.

      Wright then moved for a downward departure and a downward variance. The

District Court granted Wright’s downward departure under U.S. Sent’g Guidelines

Manual § 4A1.3(b)(1) (U.S. Sent’g Comm’n 2021) (permitting a departure from the

Guidelines where a defendant’s criminal history category overstates the seriousness of

the defendant’s criminal history or likelihood that he will commit other crimes), which

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reduced his Guidelines range from 151-188 months to 140-175 months. Then, despite

the Government’s argument and urging that the District Court reject Wright’s request for

a downward variance and impose a bottom-of-the-Guidelines-range sentence of 140

months, the District Court granted Wright a downward variance and imposed a below-

the-Guidelines sentence of 110 months. Wright timely appealed. Defense counsel noted

that Wright “advised [her] that he appealed because the sentence imposed was longer

than what he wanted to serve,” but that he otherwise took no “issue with the plea

proceedings.” Appellant’s Br. 11-12.

                                           II.1

      Under Anders, we engage in a two-part inquiry: “(1) whether counsel adequately

fulfilled the [L.A.R. 109.2] requirements; and (2) whether an independent review of the

record presents any nonfrivolous issues.” United States v. Youla, 241 F.3d 296, 300 (3d

Cir. 2001). As to the adequacy of counsel’s fulfillment of her duty under Anders, we

consider whether counsel has “thoroughly scoured the record in search of appealable

issues” and “explain[ed] why the issues are frivolous.” United States v. Marvin, 211 F.3d

778, 780 (3d Cir. 2000). Our own review of the record for nonfrivolous issues, by

contrast, need not include “a complete scouring of the record.” Youla, 241 F.3d at 301

(citing United States v. Wagner, 103 F.3d 551, 552 (7th Cir. 1996)).

1
 We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a). We exercise
plenary review over legal conclusions and review factual findings for clear error. Simon
v. Gov’t of Virgin Islands, 679 F.3d 109, 114 (3d Cir. 2012).
                                            4
       In this case, we are satisfied that counsel adequately fulfilled her duty under

Anders. She scoured the record and identified three issues for appeal, but ultimately

concluded, after a thorough analysis, that these issues were frivolous.

       At the outset, counsel noted that Wright’s execution of a valid plea agreement,

which included an appellate waiver, limited the possible issues for appeal. Despite the

waiver, however, counsel identified three issues: (1) the District Court lacked

jurisdiction to accept Wright’s plea; (2) his plea was constitutionally and legally invalid;

and (3) his sentence was substantively unreasonable. She went on, however, to explain

why each issue is frivolous. We agree.

       This Court will not take up an appeal in the face of an appellate waiver when the

“issues on appeal fall within the scope of the waiver and the defendant knowingly and

voluntarily agreed to the waiver, unless ‘enforcing the waiver would work a miscarriage

of justice.’” United States v. Saferstein, 673 F.3d 237, 242 (3d Cir. 2012) (quoting

United States v. Corso, 549 F.3d 921, 927 (3d Cir. 2008)).

       In this case, not only is the appellate waiver clear on its face that Wright

knowingly and voluntarily waived his right to appeal any issue except those enumerated

under the agreement, but the District Court also engaged in an extensive colloquy with

him and confirmed that he understood what rights he was giving up in executing the

waiver. Upon review of the record and consideration of defense counsel’s analysis in her

brief, we see no reason why enforcing the waiver would work a miscarriage of justice in

this case. Indeed, the three issues presented in this appeal are frivolous.

                                              5
          First, as both defense counsel and the Government acknowledge, the District

Court had jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231, which provides for original jurisdiction

over all criminal offenses in violation of federal law in the district courts of the United

States.

          Second, Wright’s plea was valid under Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 242-44

(1969) and Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11. Under Boykin, for a guilty plea to be

constitutional, it must be “knowing” and “voluntary.” Boykin, 395 U.S. at 242-44, 243

n.5. And to assure itself that a defendant’s guilty plea is “knowing” and “voluntary,”

before accepting such a plea, a district court must conduct a colloquy in accordance with

Rule 11. Here, the District Court complied with each requirement of Rule 11 and,

therefore, Wright’s plea was valid.

          Finally, Wright waived any right to appeal his sentence except in three narrow

circumstances, which are not implicated here. And, in any event, his sentence is not

substantively unreasonable. Wright reserved his right to appeal his sentence only where

“the government appeals from the sentence,” “the Defendant’s sentence exceeds the

statutory maximum for the offense,” or “the sentence unreasonably exceeds the

Sentencing Guidelines range” for the offense. Supp. App. 8. The Government did not

appeal Wright’s sentence, and his sentence of 110 months falls well below the twenty-

year maximum provided under the United States Code and thirty months below the

bottom of the applicable Sentencing Guidelines range of 140-175 months. Thus, none of

the specific carveouts from the appellate waiver apply. Given the District Court’s

meaningful consideration of the sentencing factors set forth under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a),

                                               6
which it weighed and determined warranted a below-the-Guidelines sentence, we cannot

conclude that Wright’s sentence is substantively unreasonable.

                                             III.

       For these reasons, we will grant the motion to withdraw; dismiss Wright’s appeal

for failure to raise any non-frivolous issues; and affirm his sentence.

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