Court Opinion

ID: 4549998
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-07-21 20:00:35.07968+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:02:46.038162
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUL 21 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

GERALD MARKHAM,                                 No.    19-15640

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                4:16-cv-00134-JAS-JR
 v.

COUNTY OF PIMA; PIMA COUNTY           MEMORANDUM*
SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT; CLARENCE
DUPNIK, Retired Sheriff; CHRIS
NANCOS, Present Sheriff; ALEX JANSEN,
Deputy Sheriff # 7332; M. B. DIXON,
Deputy Sheriff # 1199; E. C. CURTIN,
Deputy Sheriff Sergeant # 1154,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Arizona
                    James Alan Soto, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted July 17, 2020**

Before O’SCANNLAIN, TROTT, N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judges:

      Gerald Markham appeals the district court’s order dismissing some of his §

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
1983 Fourth Amendment claims and appeals from the grant of summary judgment

on his other Fourth Amendment and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

claims. The facts of this case are known to the parties, and we do not repeat them

here.

                                            I

        The district court did not err in dismissing some of Markham’s Fourth

Amendment claims and granting summary judgment on others. Markham has not

shown that the Pima County Sheriff’s Department’s (PCSD) policy of blood-

testing for DUI infractions, pursuant to a warrant, is a violation of the Fourth

Amendment, and therefore, he has failed to state a claim against Pima County and

the Pima County Sheriff. Monell v. Dept. of Social Services of City of New York,

436 U.S. 658, 694 (1978).

        The district court did not err in dismissing his claims for conspiracy to

commit unlawful incarceration, by booking him after his arrest for DUI, against

Deputies Jansen, Dixon, and Curtin. There is no federal right to immediate release

after lawful arrest. Higbee v. City of San Diego, 911 F.2d 377, 379 (9th Cir. 1990).

And there is no Arizona right to field release after arrest, but rather this decision is

left to the discretion of the arresting officer. A.R.S. § 13-3903. Therefore,

Markham has failed to state a claim under the Fourth Amendment for unlawful

incarceration.

                                            2
      Finally, the district court did not err in granting summary judgment in favor

of Deputies Dixon and Curtin on Markham’s Fourth Amendment excessive force

claims based on the five attempted blood draws.1 It is undisputed that the blood

draws were performed pursuant to a warrant by two trained phlebotomists. It is

further undisputed that the deputies wore gloves, sanitized Markham’s skin

beforehand, and covered the site of the draw afterwards. Markham has provided

no evidence demonstrating that the deputies’ actions were unreasonable, and he

has further put forth no evidence that the pain and discomfort he experienced was

beyond that normally associated with a blood-draw. Thus, no Fourth Amendment

violation occurred, and the district court did not err in so finding. Graham v.

Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 394, 397 (1989).

                                          II

      The district court did not err in granting summary judgment in favor of Pima

County on Markham’s ADA claim that the officers failed to accommodate his

disability during the blood draw process. Here, Markham has not met his burden

to establish the elements of his ADA claim because he has not demonstrated that

he has a disability. 42 U.S.C. § 12102. Although he alleged in his complaint that

he suffers from a heart condition, he provided no evidence of any sort to confirm

1
 The district court did not err in dismissing the excessive force claim against
Deputy Jansen who was present for but did not actually administer any blood draw.
Chuman v. Wright, 76 F.3d 292, 294-95 (9th Cir. 1996).

                                          3
this condition was a disability within the meaning of the ADA. Since Markham

has failed to produce evidence demonstrating a genuine dispute of material fact

exists as to his ADA claim, the district court did not err in granting summary

judgment in favor of the County.

                                          III

      The district court did not err in considering PCSD’s DUI policy, a written

instrument that was attached to Markham’s complaint, in evaluating the County’s

motion to dismiss. “A copy of a written instrument that is an exhibit to a pleading

is a part of the pleading for all purposes.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(c). Here, Markham

attached a copy of the policy to his own complaint, making it part of the pleadings.

Thus, the district court did not err in considering the policy.

                                          IV

      The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Markham’s motion

to amend his complaint to include a state law public-records claim under A.R.S.

§39-121.02. While the district court had jurisdiction, it is not required to grant

leave to amend if the amendment likely would have been futile. DCD Programs,

Ltd. v. Leighton, 833 F.2d 183, 186 (9th Cir. 1986). Here, the amendment would

have been futile because Markham failed to state what records he sought and was

denied, and he also named the wrong party in his claim. Thus, the district court did

not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to amend.

                                           4
                                         V

      The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Markham’s motions

for extensions of time to respond to the County’s motion for summary judgment

and to file written objections to the Report and Recommendation. Markham had

already been granted approximately 20 extensions throughout the proceedings, he

already had 71 days to respond to the County’s motion, and the case had been

pending for 32 months. Markham’s cited computer issues and time needed to fix a

noncompliant brief in a different case did not constitute good cause for another

extension. The district court’s decision to deny Markham’s motions for extensions

was thus not an abuse of discretion.2 Ahancian v. Xenon Pictures, Inc., 624 F.3d
1253, 1258-59 (9th Cir. 2010).

      AFFIRMED.

2
 The district court’s denial of Markham’s motion to reconsider the denial of his
motion for an extension of time was proper for the same reasons.

                                         5