Court Opinion

ID: 3132548
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-19 18:08:31.571276+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:53:53.907204
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. McKelton, 2015-Ohio-4228.]

                                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                           TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO

                                               BUTLER COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO,                                       :
                                                           CASE NO. CA2015-02-028
        Plaintiff-Appellee,                          :
                                                                OPINION
                                                     :           10/13/2015
   - vs -
                                                     :

CALVIN McKELTON,                                     :

        Defendant-Appellant.                         :

       CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                          Case No. CR2010-02-0189

Michael T. Gmoser, Butler County Prosecuting Attorney, Lina N. Alkamhawi, Government
Services Center, 315 High Street, 11th Floor, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for plaintiff-appellee

Rachel Troutman and Shawn Welch, Ohio Public Defenders Office, 250 East Broad Street,
Suite 1400, Columbus, Ohio 43215, for defendant-appellant

        S. POWELL, P.J.

        {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Calvin McKelton, appeals from the decision of the Butler

County Court of Common Pleas denying his petition for postconviction relief after he was

sentenced to death upon a jury finding him guilty of murder, aggravated murder, felonious

assault, domestic violence, aggravated arson, tampering with evidence and abuse of a

corpse. For the reasons outlined below, we affirm.
                                                                      Butler CA2015-02-028

       {¶ 2} On February 1, 2010, a Butler County Grand Jury returned an indictment

charging McKelton with the above named offenses resulting from his involvement and

attempted cover-up of the murder and aggravated murder of Margaret Allen and Germaine

Lamar Evans. The indictment also included two death penalty specifications. Following a

lengthy jury trial that concluded on October 14, 2010, McKelton was found guilty and

sentenced to death. As part of its decision to impose the jury's recommended death

sentence, the trial court stated, in pertinent part, the following:

              The evidence presented at trial was that on or about July 26,
              2008, the defendant, Calvin S. McKelton and Germaine Lamar
              Evans, were present in the home of Attorney Margaret "Missy"
              Allen located in Fairfield, Ohio. The evidence was that the
              defendant and Missy Allen were engaged in a romantic
              relationship. Sometime during that day, Mr. McKelton and Ms.
              Allen argued and the defendant strangled the victim causing her
              death while Germaine Evans was present in the home. Mr.
              McKelton and Mr. Evans then drove her body to Schmidt Field in
              Cincinnati, Ohio where the body was dumped.

              The Cincinnati, Ohio Police Department opened a homicide
              investigation into Ms. Allen's death. During the course of the
              investigation, the Cincinnati homicide detectives developed Mr.
              McKelton as a suspect and became aware that Germaine Lamar
              Evans may have been a witness to the homicide and may have
              participated in the dumping of Ms. Allen's body.

              Approximately three days before the Evans' murder, the
              Cincinnati homicide detectives attempted to contact Mr. Evans
              by calling his sister Crystal Evans to obtain a DNA sample from
              him. Within three days of that phone call being made, Mr. Evans
              was murdered. There was extensive testimony by many
              witnesses, some voluntary and others involuntary, that Mr.
              McKelton murdered Germaine Lamar Evans to prevent him from
              being a witness against McKelton in the death of Margaret Allen.

              The evidence at trial was that Mr. Evans' body was found in a
              park area along stairs in a remote, unlit part of the park. Evans
              was murdered by a shot to the back of his head by a 40mm
              firearm. The jury convicted Mr. McKelton of both the murder of
              Margaret Allen and the aggravated murder with specifications of
              Germaine Lamar Evans.

       {¶ 3} McKelton subsequently appealed from his conviction and death sentence to the

                                               -2-
                                                                          Butler CA2015-02-028

Ohio Supreme Court on December 27, 2010, raising numerous propositions of law spanning

over three hundred pages. Although oral argument has since been completed, a decision on

McKelton's direct appeal has yet to be released and the matter is still pending before the

Ohio Supreme Court in State v. McKelton, No. 2010-2198.

       {¶ 4} Nevertheless, although his direct appeal is still pending, on December 28,

2011, McKelton filed a timely petition for postconviction relief, which he then amended four

times, raising a total of thirty-four grounds for relief. McKelton also filed a series of motions

requesting leave to conduct discovery, as well as a request for investigative funds in order to

procure a forensic ophthalmologist, a neuropsychologist and a substance abuse expert.

After filing its answer to McKelton's postconviction relief petition, the state then filed a motion

for summary judgment on March 20, 2012. Thereafter, on January 30, 2015, the trial court

issued a decision denying McKelton's petition for postconviction relief without holding an

evidentiary hearing. The trial court also denied McKelton's accompanying motions for

discovery and investigative funds.

       {¶ 5} McKelton now appeals from the trial court's decision, raising four assignments

of error for review. For ease of discussion, McKelton's third assignment of error will be

addressed out of order.

       {¶ 6} Assignment of Error No. 3:

       {¶ 7} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DISMISSING MCKELTON'S POST-

CONVICTION PETITION WHEN HE PRESENTED SUFFICIENT OPERATIVE FACTS TO

MERIT RELIEF OR, AT A MINIMUM, AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING.

       {¶ 8} In his third assignment of error, McKelton argues the trial court erred by denying

his petition for postconviction relief without holding an evidentiary hearing. In support of this

claim, McKelton alleges numerous instances of prosecutorial misconduct, ineffective

assistance of trial counsel, various challenges to the trial court's rulings in regards to the
                                                -3-
                                                                        Butler CA2015-02-028

admission of evidence, the nondisclosure of witnesses, as well as arguments regarding his

choice of counsel and change of venue, among others. According to McKelton, his petition

for postconviction relief – a document that spans over one hundred pages with an additional

one thousand plus pages of exhibits – demonstrated sufficient operative facts to establish

substantive grounds for relief, thereby entitling him to conduct discovery, receive investigative

funds and be provided with an evidentiary hearing. We disagree.

              Standard of Review for a Petition for Postconviction Relief

       {¶ 9} A postconviction proceeding is not an appeal of a criminal conviction, but

rather, a collateral civil attack on a criminal judgment. State v. Bayless, 12th Dist. Clinton

Nos. CA2013-10-020 and CA2013-10-021, 2014-Ohio-2475, ¶ 8, citing State v. Calhoun, 86

Ohio St.3d 279, 281 (1999). Initial petitions for postconviction relief are governed under R.C.

2953.21, which provides three methods for adjudicating the petition. State v. Chamberlain,

12th Dist. Brown No. CA2015-03-008, 2015-Ohio-2987, ¶ 5. Specifically, when a criminal

defendant challenges his conviction through a postconviction relief petition, the trial court

may (1) summarily dismiss the petition without holding an evidentiary hearing pursuant to

R.C. 2953.21(C), (2) grant summary judgment on the petition to either party who moved for

summary judgment pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(D), or (3) hold an evidentiary hearing on the

issues raised by the petition pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(E). State v. Francis, 12th Dist. Butler

No. CA2014-09-187, 2015-Ohio-2221, ¶ 10.

       {¶ 10} "An evidentiary hearing is not automatically guaranteed each time a defendant

files a petition for postconviction relief." State v. Suarez, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2014-02-

035, 2015-Ohio-64, ¶ 10. Rather, as noted by the Ohio Supreme Court, pursuant to R.C.

2953.21(C), "a trial court properly denies a defendant's petition for postconviction relief

without holding an evidentiary hearing where the petition, the supporting affidavits, the

documentary evidence, the files, and the records do not demonstrate that petitioner set forth
                                               -4-
                                                                           Butler CA2015-02-028

sufficient operative facts to establish substantive grounds for relief." Calhoun at paragraph

two of the syllabus. Substantive grounds for relief exist where there was a denial or

infringement of the petitioner's constitutional rights so as to render the judgment void or

voidable. State v. Clark, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2008-09-113, 2009-Ohio-2101, ¶ 8.

       {¶ 11} "A trial court's decision to summarily deny a postconviction petition without

holding an evidentiary hearing pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(C) will not be reversed absent an

abuse of discretion." State v. Simon, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2014-12-255, 2015-Ohio-2989,

¶ 11. "The term 'abuse of discretion' connotes more than an error of law or of judgment; it

implies that the court's attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable." State v.

Thornton, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2012-09-063, 2013-Ohio-2394, ¶ 34. A decision is

unreasonable when it is "unsupported by a sound reasoning process." State v. Abdullah,

10th Dist. Franklin No. 07AP-427, 2007-Ohio-7010, ¶ 16, citing AAAA Ents., Inc. v. River

Place Community Urban Redevelopment Corp., 50 Ohio St.3d 157, 161 (1990). This court

will not overrule the trial court's finding on a petition for postconviction relief where the finding

is supported by competent and credible evidence. State v. Mathes, 12th Dist. Clermont No.

CA2013-02-014, 2013-Ohio-4128, ¶ 11.

                                  Prosecutorial Misconduct

       {¶ 12} Initially, McKelton alleges the trial court erred by denying his petition for

postconviction relief because he was subject to numerous alleged instances of prosecutorial

misconduct. McKelton's argument lacks merit.

       {¶ 13} For a conviction to be reversed on the basis of prosecutorial misconduct, a

defendant must prove the prosecutor's comments were improper and that they prejudicially

affected the defendant's substantial rights. State v. Elmore, 111 Ohio St.3d 515, 2006-Ohio-

6207, ¶ 62. However, "[t]he focus of an inquiry into allegations of prosecutorial misconduct is

upon the fairness of the trial, not upon culpability of the prosecutor." State v. Gray, 12th Dist.
                                                 -5-
                                                                       Butler CA2015-02-028

Butler No. CA2011-09-176, 2012-Ohio-4769, ¶ 56, citing State v. Vanloan, 12th Dist. Butler

No. CA2008-10-259, 2009-Ohio-4461, ¶ 32. Therefore, "[p]rosecutorial misconduct is not

grounds for error unless the defendant has been denied a fair trial." State v. Olvera-Guillen,

12th Dist. Butler No. CA2007-05-118, 2008-Ohio-5416, ¶ 27, citing State v. Maurer, 15 Ohio

St.3d 239, 266 (1984).

       {¶ 14} In this case, under his third ground for relief, McKelton argues the state

engaged in widespread misconduct due to the "highly-contested election for county

prosecutor" at the time of his trial. In support of this claim, McKelton makes reference to

several campaign websites and news articles documenting the efforts of two assistant

prosecutors vying for the then open seat as Butler County's prosecutor. However, just as the

trial court found, not only did neither of the two candidates actually obtain the open

appointment, most of the alleged misconduct that supposedly occurred was either wholly

unrelated to McKelton's trial or happened well-after McKelton had already been sentenced to

death. Under these circumstances, it simply cannot be said that McKelton set forth sufficient

operative facts to establish substantive grounds for relief that would entitle him to an

evidentiary hearing on this issue. Therefore, the trial court did not err by denying McKelton's

third ground for relief.

       {¶ 15} Next, under his fifteenth and sixteenth grounds for relief, McKelton argues the

state engaged in misconduct when it failed to provide his defense counsel with evidence that

two witnesses were given special treatment on their respective drug related charges then

pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio in exchange for

their testimony against McKelton at trial. According to McKelton, by failing to disclose this

purported exculpatory and material evidence to his defense counsel, the state violated the

principles outlined by the United States Supreme Court in Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83

S.Ct. 1194 (1963).
                                              -6-
                                                                        Butler CA2015-02-028

       {¶ 16} In Brady, the United States Supreme Court held "the suppression by the

prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates due process where

the evidence is material either to guilt or to punishment, irrespective of the good faith or bad

faith of the prosecution." Id. at 87. However, as a rule, "undisclosed evidence is not material

simply because it may have helped the defendant to prepare for trial." State v. Brown, 115

Ohio St.3d 55, 2007-Ohio-4837, ¶ 49. Rather, "[e]vidence suppressed by the prosecution is

'material' within the meaning of Brady only if there exists a 'reasonable probability' that the

result of the trial would have been different had the evidence been disclosed to the defense."

State v. LaMar, 95 Ohio St.3d 181, 2002-Ohio-2128, ¶ 27, citing Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S.

419, 433-434, 115 S.Ct. 1555 (1995). '"A 'reasonable probability' is a probability sufficient to

undermine confidence in the outcome."' State v. Jackson, 107 Ohio St.3d 53, 2005-Ohio-

5981, ¶ 129, quoting United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 682, 105 S.Ct. 3375 (1985).

The United States Supreme Court has since extended this rule to include evidence affecting

a state witness's credibility. State v. Widmer, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2012-02-008, 2013-

Ohio-62, ¶ 29, citing Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150, 154, 92 S.Ct. 763 (1972).

       {¶ 17} Here, like the trial court before us, we find McKelton failed to provide any

evidence demonstrating either witness received any special treatment as a direct result from

their testimony at McKelton's trial. Moreover, besides his bare assertions to the contrary, we

also find McKelton failed to provide any evidence that the state somehow knew or

acquiesced to the witnesses receiving any special treatment in exchange for their testimony.

In so holding, we note that McKelton is essentially asking this court to infer that the witnesses

received special treatment for their testimony against him since the various charges against

them were either reduced or dismissed.

       {¶ 18} However, not only were both witnesses questioned regarding any potential

motivation they may have had for testifying at trial, the record also reveals that both received
                                               -7-
                                                                           Butler CA2015-02-028

lengthy sentences in excess of ten years in prison. Again, under these circumstances, it

simply cannot be said that McKelton set forth sufficient operative facts to establish

substantive grounds for relief that would entitle him to an evidentiary hearing on this issue.

Therefore, the trial court did not err by denying McKelton's fifteenth and sixteenth grounds for

relief.

          {¶ 19} Continuing, under his sixth, ninth, fourteenth and nineteenth grounds for relief,

McKelton alleges the state engaged in prosecutorial misconduct by (1) adducing certain

testimony from a witness regarding an injury she witnessed to Margaret Allen's eye, (2)

procuring allegedly knowingly false testimony from Detective Keith Witherell regarding a letter

McKelton wrote that the state claimed contained threats against witnesses, (3) introducing

evidence that McKelton threatened in a phone call to "John Brown" the case, an apparent

reference to a Hamilton County case in which the state claims the defendant was acquitted

because witnesses either failed to show or recanted their pretrial statements due to threats,

intimidation or outright bribery of witnesses, and (4) presenting "unreliable cell phone tower

evidence and by using that faulty evidence as a basis to disparage "the credibility of an alibi

witness.

          {¶ 20} In addition, under his eighteenth and thirty-fourth grounds for relief, McKelton

alleges the state engaged in further misconduct by (5) soliciting supposed false testimony

from Detective David Gregory regarding another witness' unwillingness to testify due to

intimidation and fear of McKelton, a claim McKelton also alleges violates the Confrontation

Clause as found in the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and (6) by failing

to conduct a conflict check regarding the state's nondisclosed witnesses to determine

whether those witnesses had ever been represented by his then retained counsel, Richard

Goldberg. McKelton's claims are all barred on the basis of the doctrine of res judicata.

          {¶ 21} It is well-established that a petition for postconviction relief does not provide a
                                                 -8-
                                                                          Butler CA2015-02-028

petitioner with a second opportunity to litigate his conviction. State v. Rose, 12th Dist. Butler

No. CA2012-03-050, 2012-Ohio-5957, ¶ 15-16.              In turn, a trial court may dismiss a

postconviction relief petition on the basis of the doctrine of res judicata. State v. Blanda, 12th

Dist. Butler No. CA2013-06-109, 2014-Ohio-2234, ¶ 20. "Under the doctrine of res judicata,

a defendant cannot raise an issue in a postconviction petition if he or she raised or could

have raised the issue at the trial that resulted in that judgment of conviction or on an appeal

from that judgment." State v. Jackson, 141 Ohio St.3d 171, 2014-Ohio-3707, ¶ 92, citing

State v. Szefcyk, 77 Ohio St.3d 93, 96 (1996) and State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175 (1967),

paragraph nine of the syllabus.

       {¶ 22} Here, our review of the record indicates McKelton could have raised all of these

alleged instances of prosecutorial misconduct in his direct appeal to the Ohio Supreme

Court. In so holding, we note that McKelton actually did allege claims of prosecutorial

misconduct as part of his direct appeal under his eighth and seventeenth propositions of law.

E.g., State v. Jackson, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2013-T-0103, 2014-Ohio-7, ¶ 46 (res judicata

applied to a petition for postconviction relief where same issue had been raised in direct

appeal then pending with the Ohio Supreme Court); see also State v. Brinkley, 6th Dist.

Lucas No. L-04-1066, 2004-Ohio-5666, ¶ 10.

       {¶ 23} Again, res judicata applies to any issue that either has been raised or could

have been raised on direct appeal, including a claim alleging prosecutorial misconduct. State

v. Zych, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA97-02-012, 1997 WL 664399, *3 (Oct. 27, 1997) (res

judicata applied to bar claim of prosecutorial misconduct where "record indicates that

appellant could have raised his objections to the prosecutor's allegedly improper conduct in

his direct appeal to this court, but that appellant failed to do so"). Therefore, just as the trial

court found, the doctrine of res judicata applies to bar McKelton's prosecutorial misconduct

claims as alleged in his sixth, ninth, fourteenth, eighteenth, nineteenth and thirty-fourth
                                                -9-
                                                                          Butler CA2015-02-028

grounds for relief. Accordingly, the trial court did not err by denying any of McKelton's

grounds for relief alleging prosecutorial misconduct.

                             Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

       {¶ 24} McKelton also alleges the trial court erred by denying his petition for

postconviction relief because he was subject to numerous alleged instances of ineffective

assistance of counsel. We again find McKelton's argument lacks merit.

       {¶ 25} Counsel is strongly presumed to have rendered adequate assistance and made

all significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional judgment. State v.

Hendrix, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2012-05-109, 2012-Ohio-5610, ¶ 14.                 In turn, in a

postconviction petition asserting ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner must first

show that "his trial counsel's performance was deficient; and second, that the deficient

performance prejudiced the defense to the point of depriving the appellant of a fair trial."

Widmer, 2013-Ohio-62 at ¶ 132. A petitioner's failure to satisfy either prong is fatal to an

ineffective assistance of counsel claim. State v. Ayers, 12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2010-12-

119 and CA2010-12-120, 2011-Ohio-4719, ¶ 49.               A trial court's decision resolving a

postconviction claim of ineffective assistance of counsel will be upheld absent an abuse of

discretion when the trial court's finding is supported by competent and credible evidence.

State v. Davis, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2012-12-258, 2013-Ohio-3878, ¶ 14.

       {¶ 26} Here, under his twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-third through twenty-ninth and

thirty-first through thirty-third grounds for relief, McKelton argues he received ineffective

assistance of counsel during the sentencing phase of his trial when his trial counsel allegedly

failed to (1) conduct a full investigation into his history and familial background, (2) obtain his

children's services and hospital records, (3) have him evaluated by a psychologist, (4)

contact a number of his relatives, family members and friends who would have been willing to

testify on his behalf, (5) illicit "thorough and accurate" testimony from his mother, and (6)
                                               - 10 -
                                                                        Butler CA2015-02-028

procure an expert in "juvenile institutions" and a mitigation specialist. After a thorough review

of the record, we find these claims are also barred by the doctrine of res judicata.

       {¶ 27} As this court has stated previously, res judicata is a proper basis for dismissing

a petition for postconviction relief "when the defendant, represented by new counsel on direct

appeal, fails to raise therein the issue of competent trial counsel and the issue could fairly

have been determined without resort to evidence outside the record." State v. Sturgill, 12th

Dist. Clermont Nos. CA2014-01-003 and CA2014-07-049, 2014-Ohio-5082, ¶ 13. In this

case, McKelton's various ineffective assistance of counsel claims all arise from his trial

counsel's alleged failures during the sentencing phase of his trial. In turn, McKelton should

have been well aware of these potential issues prior to filing his direct appeal with the Ohio

Supreme Court.

       {¶ 28} Moreover, similar to his prosecutorial misconduct claim addressed above, we

again note that McKelton actually did allege claims of ineffective assistance of counsel as

part of his direct appeal to the Ohio Supreme Court under his fifteenth and sixteenth

propositions of law. Therefore, just as the trial court found, the doctrine of res judicata once

again applies to bar McKelton's ineffective assistance of counsel claims as alleged in his

twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-third through twenty-ninth and thirty-first through thirty-third

grounds for relief. Accordingly, the trial court did not err by denying McKelton's grounds for

relief alleging ineffective assistance of counsel.

                         Other Constitutional Grounds for Relief

       {¶ 29} In addition to his claims alleging prosecutorial misconduct and ineffective

assistance of trial counsel, McKelton has raised several other grounds for relief alleging a

variety of claims under both the United States Constitution and Ohio Constitution. For ease

of discussion, McKelton's various claims will be addressed out of order and similar issues will

be addressed together.
                                              - 11 -
                                                                        Butler CA2015-02-028

                                       Change of Venue

       {¶ 30} Under his second ground for relief, McKelton argues the trial court erred by

dismissing his petition for postconviction relief because Butler County was not the proper

venue to bring the various charges against him. However, although initially raising this issue

with the trial court, McKelton did not include this challenge as part of his direct appeal to the

Ohio Supreme Court. Therefore, as the trial court found, because this argument could have

been raised on direct appeal, McKelton's argument alleging an improper venue is also barred

by the doctrine of res judicata. E.g., State v. Morrar, 12th Dist. Madison No. CA2013-08-027,

2014-Ohio-3663, ¶ 8 (finding petitioner's argument regarding improper venue raised as part

of his petition for postconviction relief was barred by res judicata where petitioner did not

challenge venue on direct appeal); see also State v. Harris II, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2013

CA 10, 2013-Ohio-4818, ¶ 12. Accordingly, the trial court did not err by denying McKelton's

second ground for relief.

                  Counsel of Choice and the Appointment of New Counsel

       {¶ 31} Next, under his fourth and twenty-second grounds for relief, McKelton argues

the trial court erred by dismissing his petition for postconviction relief because he was denied

his "counsel of choice" when his retained counsel, Richard Goldberg, was forced to withdraw

due to a conflict of interest. However, not only do we find McKelton's claims are once again

barred by the doctrine of res judicata, as noted by the United States Supreme Court, the

"right to choose one's own counsel is circumscribed in several important respects," and does

not extend to an attorney laboring under an actual conflict of interest. Wheat v. United

States, 486 U.S. 153, 159, 162, 108 S.Ct. 1692 (1988); State v. Miller, 9th Dist. Summit No.

27048, 2015-Ohio-279, ¶ 9 ("[a] defendant does not have the right to be represented by * * *

an attorney with a conflict of interest").

       {¶ 32} In so holding, we note that although McKelton's retained counsel was forced to
                                              - 12 -
                                                                         Butler CA2015-02-028

withdraw, the trial court had already appointed two additional attorneys qualified by the Ohio

Supreme Court to handle death penalty cases to represent him. As noted by the trial court,

"[t]he two court appointed attorneys participated from the beginning in all aspects of the

defense of McKelton." The record clearly supports the trial court's finding. Therefore, based

on the facts and circumstances here, we find the trial court did not err by denying McKelton's

fourth and twenty-second grounds for relief.

                    Nondisclosure of Witnesses and Crim.R. 16(B)(1)(e)

       {¶ 33} Furthermore, under his fifth ground for relief, McKelton argues the trial court

erred by dismissing his petition for postconviction relief because the trial court violated his

due process rights through its application of Crim.R. 16(B)(1)(e) regarding the state's alleged

nondisclosure of witnesses prior to trial. McKelton's claim, however, is likewise barred by the

doctrine of res judicata as he has raised substantially similar arguments as part of his direct

appeal to the Ohio Supreme Court in his first and second propositions of law. It is well-

established that "[r]es judicata also implicitly bars a petition from 'repackaging' evidence or

issues which either were, or could have been, raised in the context of the petitioner's trial or

direct appeal." State v. Tolliver, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 14AP-170, 2014-Ohio-4824, ¶ 19,

citing State v. Hessler, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 01AP-1011, 2002-Ohio-3321, ¶ 3. Therefore,

the trial court did not err by denying McKelton's fifth ground for relief.

                      Admission of Evidence and Confrontation Clause

       {¶ 34} Under his seventh, eighth, tenth through thirteenth and seventeenth grounds for

relief, McKelton argues the trial court erred by dismissing his petition for postconviction relief

because it permitted the admission of "unreliable and inflammatory evidence" at trial that he

was "deprived of the opportunity to defend against." McKelton also alleges the trial court

erred by "restricting the use of impeachment evidence," thereby violating the Confrontation

Clause as found in the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. McKelton's
                                              - 13 -
                                                                         Butler CA2015-02-028

various claims, however, all involve evidentiary issues that occurred during trial that could

have been raised as part of his direct appeal to the Ohio Supreme Court. In fact, in

reviewing his appellate brief submitted to the Ohio Supreme Court, McKelton did raise these

same or substantially similar claims as part of his direct appeal under his fourth, fifth, sixth,

seventh, ninth, tenth and eleventh propositions of law. Therefore, as these claims are also

all barred by the doctrine of res judicata, the trial court did not err by denying McKelton's

various grounds for relief regarding these evidentiary issues.

                                       Cumulative Error

       {¶ 35} Finally, under his thirtieth claim for relief, McKelton argues the trial court erred

by dismissing his petition for postconviction relief given the cumulative effective of the trial

court's numerous errors throughout his trial. McKelton raised this same issue as part of his

direct appeal under his twenty-first proposition of law. Regardless, based on the record

before this court, McKelton has failed to demonstrate any violation of his rights that led to his

conviction and death sentence. Therefore, the trial court did not err by denying McKelton's

thirtieth ground for relief alleging cumulative error.

       {¶ 36} In light of the foregoing, having found no merit to any of his various arguments

raised herein, McKelton's third assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶ 37} Assignment of Error No. 1:

       {¶ 38} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT DENIED THE POST-CONVICTION

PETITION WITHOUT FIRST ALLOWING MCKELTON TO CONDUCT DISCOVERY.

       {¶ 39} In his first assignment of error, McKelton argues the trial court erred by denying

his petition for postconviction relief without first allowing him to conduct discovery. We

disagree.

       {¶ 40} As noted above, a postconviction proceeding is not an appeal of a criminal

conviction, but rather, a collateral civil attack on the judgment. Bayless, 2014-Ohio-2475 at ¶
                                              - 14 -
                                                                          Butler CA2015-02-028

8, citing Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d at 281. In turn, because postconviction relief is not a

constitutional right, "it affords a petitioner no rights beyond those granted by the controlling

statute," in this case, R.C. 2953.21. State v. Lawson, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2011-07-

056, 2012-Ohio-548, ¶ 16.

       {¶ 41} As this court recently noted, R.C. 2953.21 "'does not contain a provision

entitling a post-conviction petitioner to discovery during the post-conviction process[.]'" State

v. Osie, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2014-10-222, 2015-Ohio-3406, ¶ 31, quoting State v.

Jackson, 3d Dist. Allen No. 1-04-31, 2004-Ohio-5350, ¶ 23. Nevertheless, discovery may be

warranted when the petitioner sets forth operative facts that demonstrate a substantive claim

for relief. Lawson at ¶ 18. A petitioner sets forth operative facts by attaching documentary

evidence that is outside the record, which if true, constitutes a constitutional error in his case.

State v. Leonard, 157 Ohio App.3d 653, 2004-Ohio-3323, ¶ 36 (1st Dist.). The granting or

overruling of a discovery motion rest within the sound discretion of the trial court. State v.

Stojetz, 12th Dist. Madison No. CA2009-06-013, 2010-Ohio-2544, ¶ 75.

       {¶ 42} Here, because McKelton failed to set forth sufficient operative facts to establish

substantive grounds for relief, the trial court did not err by denying McKelton's petition for

postconviction relief. Simply stated, the trial court properly determined that McKelton's

various claims alleging prosecutorial misconduct, ineffective assistance of counsel, as well as

other various purported constitutional violations, all lacked merit or were barred by the

doctrine of res judicata. Therefore, based upon this finding, we likewise find no error in the

trial court's decision to deny McKelton's motion seeking to conduct discovery in this matter.

Accordingly, McKelton's first assignment of error is also without merit and overruled.

       {¶ 43} Assignment of Error No. 2:

       {¶ 44} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT DENIED MCKELTON'S MOTION FOR

FUNDS TO EMPLOY EXPERTS.
                                               - 15 -
                                                                        Butler CA2015-02-028

       {¶ 45} In his second assignment of error, McKelton argues the trial court erred by

denying his motion seeking investigative funding in order to procure a forensic

ophthalmologist, a neuropsychologist and substance abuse expert. However, similar to our

decision as it relates to his motion seeking to conduct discovery, because nothing in R.C.

2953.21 provides a right for investigative funding to a petitioner seeking postconviction relief,

the trial court did not err by denying McKelton's request for funds to employ these experts.

E.g., State v. Hoop, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2004-02-003, 2005-Ohio-1407, ¶ 7 (trial court

did not err in denying request for investigative services in postconviction relief proceeding);

State v. Stedman, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 83531, 2004-Ohio-3298, ¶ 35-36 (trial court did

not err in denying request for private investigator and forensics expert in postconviction relief

proceeding). As this court has stated previously, a petitioner "has no right to funds for expert

assistance to pursue discovery until it is determined an evidentiary hearing is warranted."

State v. Cowans, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA98-10-090, 1999 WL 699870, *9 (Sept. 7,

1999). Therefore, because an evidentiary hearing is not warranted in this case, McKelton's

second assignment of error is likewise without merit and overruled.

       {¶ 46} Assignment of Error No. 4:

       {¶ 47} THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT DENIED

MCKELTON RELIEF WITHOUT AFFORDING HIM THE NECESSARY DUE PROCESS TO

MEET HIS BURDEN.

       {¶ 48} In his fourth assignment of error, McKelton argues Ohio's statutory scheme

providing for postconviction relief is unconstitutional in that it does not provide him with a

"meaningful system to have his constitutional challenges heard." However, this court has

already determined that "[t]he statutory procedure for postconviction relief constitutes an

adequate corrective process." State v. Lindsey, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2002-02-002, 2003-

Ohio-811, ¶ 13. Other districts have held the same. See State v. Conway, 10th Dist.
                                              - 16 -
                                                                     Butler CA2015-02-028

Franklin No. 12AP-412, 2013-Ohio-3741, ¶ 63; State v. Trimble, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2007-

P-0098, 2008-Ohio-6409, ¶ 108; State v. Frazier, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-07-1388, 2008-Ohio-

5027, ¶ 70; State v. Elmore, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2005-CA-32, 2005-Ohio-5940, ¶ 143-149.

We see no reason to deviate from this prior precedent and therefore continue to find Ohio's

statutory scheme providing for postconviction relief is constitutional. State v. Lawson, 12th

Dist. Clermont No. CA2013-12-093, 2014-Ohio-3554, ¶ 43. Therefore, McKelton's fourth

assignment of error is without merit and overruled.

      {¶ 49} Judgment affirmed.

      RINGLAND and HENDRICKSON, JJ., concur.

                                            - 17 -