Court Opinion

ID: 859488
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-04-26 21:32:48.838415+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:06:44.135944
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

                                NO. 2012-DR-00059-SCT

BLAYDE GRAYSON a/k/a BLAYDE N. GRAYSON
a/k/a BLAYDE NATHANIEL GRAYSON a/k/a
BLAYDE N. AMODEO

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                         08/08/1997
TRIAL JUDGE:                              HON. KATHY KING JACKSON
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                GEORGE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                   OFFICE OF CAPITAL POST-CONVICTION
                                          COUNSEL
                                          BY: GLENN S. SWARTZFAGER
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:                   OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                          BY: JASON L. DAVIS
                                                CAMERON BENTON
NATURE OF THE CASE:                       CIVIL - DEATH PENALTY - POST
                                          CONVICTION
DISPOSITION:                              MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE
                                          SUCCESSOR PETITION FOR
                                          POST-CONVICTION RELIEF IS
                                          DISMISSED AS PROCEDURALLY
                                          BARRED. LEAVE TO PROCEED IN THE
                                          CIRCUIT COURT WITH A MOTION FOR
                                          ACCESS IS GRANTED - 04/18/2013
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

       EN BANC.

       LAMAR, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    Blayde Grayson was indicted for capital murder while in the commission of burglary

with the intent to steal personal property. A George County jury found him guilty of capital
murder and, in a separate sentencing proceeding, sentenced him to death. This Court

affirmed Grayson’s conviction and death sentence. Grayson v. State, 806 So. 2d 241 (Miss.

2001) (Grayson I), cert. denied, Grayson v. Mississippi, 537 U.S. 973, 123 S. Ct. 466, 154
L. Ed. 2d 329 (2002). This Court’s mandate issued on February 14, 2002.

¶2.    On February 14, 2003, Grayson filed his first petition seeking post-conviction

collateral relief (PCR). We denied relief. Grayson v. State, 879 So. 2d 1008 (Miss. 2004)

(Grayson II), cert. denied, Grayson v. Mississippi, 543 U.S. 1155, 125 S. Ct. 1301, 161 L.

Ed. 2d 122 (2005).

¶3.    Grayson has filed his “Motion for Leave to File Successor Petition for Post-

Conviction Relief” and “Motion for Access.” The Attorney General has filed responses to

the motions and Grayson has replied to the responses.

                       FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶4.    A full recitation of the facts in this case is found in this Court’s opinion on direct

appeal. See Grayson I, 806 So. 2d at 244-47. In summary, on the morning of May 5, 1996,

the body of seventy-eight-year-old Minnie Smith was discovered by her son-in-law. Mrs.

Smith had been brutally murdered in her own bed. She had been stabbed more than thirty

times, suffered blunt-force trauma, and had wounds indicating that she had tried to protect

herself from her murderer. After interviewing neighbors, police focused their attention on

Blayde Grayson. At that time, Grayson was a fugitive from justice, having walked away

from a restitution center in Jackson County several months earlier.

                                             2
¶5.    Police located Grayson in Florida.      While in custody in Florida, Grayson first

indicated that he wanted to talk to George County authorities. After Grayson signed a

waiver-of-rights form, Sheriff George Miller of George County, Mississippi, began

interviewing Grayson. After a few minutes, Grayson invoked his right to counsel.

¶6.    Grayson was transported to George County. A few days later, he asked to speak with

authorities, waived his rights, and gave a short, hand-written statement admitting that he was

at the scene of the crime, but alleging that he did not kill Smith. Grayson alleged that his

companion, Jason Kilpatrick, had killed Smith, and he asserted that he had nothing to do with

the murder. Two days after that, Grayson waived his rights and gave another statement, this

time giving much more detail, but still alleging that Kilpatrick had killed Smith. “At the

conclusion of this interview, Grayson agreed to take a polygraph test. That test took place

on Friday, May 24, in Jackson. After the polygraph examiner indicated that Grayson had

failed the test and accused him of lying, Grayson admitted to killing Smith.” Grayson I, 806
So. 2d at 246-47. Grayson signed a waiver-of-rights form and then explained the crime in

detail. The statement also was videotaped. Grayson explained that he and Kilpatrick were

almost out of drugs and they wanted to steal something to sell to get money for drugs. He

broke into Smith’s house to steal a shotgun that he knew she owned. He had known Smith

his entire life. While he was in her house, she awoke and asked “who is there.” He “freaked

out” and grabbed a knife from her kitchen. As he approached her bed, she stated “please

don’t.” After he killed her, he and Kilpatrick fled to Florida where they sold the shotgun.

                                              3
With help from Grayson, police were able to locate the murder weapon and a checkbook that

was stolen from Smith’s home.

¶7.       A George County jury convicted Grayson of capital murder. In a separate sentencing

proceeding, the jury sentenced him to death. On appeal to this Court, Grayson asserted the

following issues:

          I.     The trial court erred in failing to grant the Appellant’s motion to
                 suppress statements given to law enforcement officers.

          II.    The trial court erred in denying the Defendant’s motion for change of
                 venue.

          III.   The trial court erred in allowing the introduction of photographs of the
                 victim and of the crime scene into evidence.

          IV.    The trial court erred in failing to grant the Appellant’s motion to
                 declare Mississippi Code Section 97-3-19(e) unconstitutional or in the
                 alternative to preclude the prosecution from relying on Mississippi
                 Code Annotated Section 99-19-101(5)(d) as an aggravating
                 circumstance of the Appellant’s possible capital sentence trial.

          V.     The trial court erred in not granting the Appellant’s motion for mistrial
                 based on comments made by potential jurors during voir dire.

          VI.    The trial court erred in striking jurors Bridget Phillips and Bernard Goff
                 without proper showing that the potential jurors could not follow the
                 law in regard to the death penalty.

          VII.   The trial court erred in denying the Appellant’s motion for funds for
                 private investigator and jury consultant despite repeated requests by the
                 Appellant.

Grayson I, 806 So. 2d at 244. We found these issues to be without merit and affirmed. Id.

at 245.

                                                 4
¶8.   In February and May 2003, Grayson timely filed his first PCR petition and a

supplemental PCR petition. Grayson raised the following claims:

      1) The State of Mississippi violated Grayson's fundamental Sixth Amendment
      right to counsel by delaying the filing of a formal charge for the purpose of
      obtaining an un-counseled confession.

      2) Petitioner's Eighth Amendment rights were violated by the imposition of a
      sentence of death based on jury instructions which were constitutionally
      defective in light of Tison v. Arizona.

      3) Mississippi's death penalty statutes are unconstitutional as applied to the
      petitioner and as a result, his Eighth Amendment rights under the United States
      Constitution and the corresponding portions of the Mississippi Constitution
      were violated.

      4) Petitioner was denied his Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of
      counsel within the meaning of Strickland v. Washington.

      5) The sentence rendered against the petitioner is disproportionate and in
      violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States
      Constitution and the corresponding portions of the Mississippi Constitution.

      6) Petitioner was denied his rights guaranteed by the Fifth, Sixth, Eighth and
      Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution and Mississippi
      Law due to the cumulative effect of the errors at his capital trial.

      7) Petitioner's grounds for ineffective assistance of counsel.

      8) Sentencing jury verdict does not reflect that the aggravating factors were
      found beyond a reasonable doubt.

      9) Pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 47-7-29, imposition of the death sentence is
      prohibited until such time as Grayson has completed the original sentences
      meted out for offenses committed before he was at large upon probation and
      prior to the sentence imposed in this case.

      10) The aggravating factors elevating the charge to a capital offense were not
      included in Grayson's indictment and therefore his death penalty must be
      vacated.

                                             5
       11) The "avoiding or preventing a lawful arrest" aggravating factor was
       inappropriate in this case and it was fundamental error to present it to the
       sentencing jury for consideration for the imposition of a sentence of death.

       12) The court erred in allowing the jury to consider pecuniary gain and
       burglary as aggravating circumstances.

We concluded “that no reversible error was committed in the trial of this case” and Grayson’s

petition was denied. Grayson II, 879 So. 2d at 1023-24.

¶9.    Grayson has now filed his “Motion for Leave to File Successor Petition for Post-

Conviction Relief” and his “Motion for Access.” Grayson asserts that his motion is excepted

from procedural bars and he raises the following claims:

       A.     Grayson’s death sentence must be vacated, pursuant to the Eighth and
              Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, because the
              jury in sentencing was not instructed that it could consider any and all
              mitigating evidence beyond that specifically enumerated in the court’s
              instructions.

       B.     Grayson’s death sentence must be vacated, under the Eighth and
              Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, because
              Grayson’s jury was not adequately instructed that Grayson would be
              ineligible for parole if sentenced to life imprisonment.

       C.     Grayson’s rights under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the
              United States Constitution were violated, in that he was deprived of the
              effective assistance of counsel at both the guilt-or-innocence and
              penalty stages of the trial and on direct appeal.

       D.     This successive petition is not barred because Grayson was denied the
              effective assistance of post-conviction counsel during his first attempt
              to obtain post-conviction relief.

       E.     Grayson seeks access to his experts for the purpose of evaluation,
              testing, and any other purpose reasonably necessary for the full
              litigation of Grayson’s post-conviction claims.

                                             6
                                        ANALYSIS

                               STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶10.   In considering a successive motion seeking post-conviction collateral relief, this Court

will

       deny relief unless the claims are not procedurally barred and they make a
       substantial showing of the denial of a state or federal right. Miss. Code Ann.
       § 99-39-27 (Supp. 2011). Absent an applicable exception, a successive motion
       for post-conviction relief is procedurally barred. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-
       [27(9)] (Supp. 2011); Rowland v. State, 42 So. 3d 503, 507 (Miss. 2010).

Havard v. State, 86 So. 3d 896, 899 (Miss. 2012) (quoting Knox v. State, 75 So. 3d 1030,

1036 (Miss. 2011)). If the claims are not procedurally barred,

       The standard of review for capital convictions and sentences is “one of
       ‘heightened scrutiny’ under which all bona fide doubts are resolved in favor
       of the accused.” Flowers v. State, 773 So. 2d 309, 317 (Miss. 2000) (citations
       omitted). “This Court recognizes that ‘what may be harmless error in a case
       with less at stake becomes reversible error when the penalty is death.’” Id.

Chamberlin v. State, 55 So. 3d 1046, 1049-1050 (Miss. 2010).

       Grayson alleges that this successive petition is not barred because Grayson
       was denied the effective assistance of post-conviction counsel during his first
       attempt to obtain post-conviction relief.

¶11.   Grayson’s claim that he was denied the effective assistance of post-conviction counsel

during his original PCR proceedings must be addressed first. This is Grayson’s second PCR

motion, and it is barred as a successive writ unless it meets an exception to the procedural

bar. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-27(9) (Supp. 2012). Additionally, Section 99-39-5(2)(b) of

the Mississippi Code requires motions seeking post-conviction collateral relief in death-

penalty cases be filed within one year after the issuance of this Court’s mandate on direct

                                              7
appeal. Puckett v. State, 834 So. 2d 676, 677-78 (Miss. 2002). A motion filed after that

deadline is time-barred unless it meets an exception to the procedural bar. Miss. Code Ann.

§ 99-39-5(2) (Supp. 2012). Havard, 86 So. 3d at 899. Exceptions to these procedural bars

are found in caselaw and in the applicable statutes. Miss Code Ann. §§ 99-39-5(2) and 99-

39-27(9) (Supp. 2012); Rowland v. State, 98 So. 3d 1032, 1036 (Miss. 2012) (“In addition

to the statutory exceptions afforded by the Act, we have provided that an exception to the

procedural bars exists for errors affecting certain constitutional rights.”)

¶12.   The Mississippi Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act (the PCR Act) states:

       Direct appeal shall be the principal means of reviewing all criminal
       convictions and sentences, and the purpose of this article is to provide
       prisoners with a procedure, limited in nature, to review those objections,
       defenses, claims, questions, issues or errors which in practical reality could not
       be or should not have been raised at trial or on direct appeal.

Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-3(2) (Rev. 2007). Grayson claims that he had a right to the

effective assistance of counsel during his first PCR proceedings and that he was denied that

right. Clearly, this claim could not have been raised at trial or on direct appeal, so this claim

is appropriately raised in a PCR motion. Additionally, this claim “in practical reality could

not” have been raised in Grayson’s first PCR motion. Id.1

¶13.   Grayson argues that he did not receive minimally adequate PCR representation

guaranteed by state and federal law, and therefore, he can show cause for not presenting his

       1
        “[I]t is absurd to fantasize that [a] lawyer might effectively or ethically litigate the
issue of his own ineffectiveness.” Pitchford v. State, 45 So. 3d 216, 232 (Miss. 2010)
(quoting Lynch v. State, 951 So. 2d 549, 551-52 (Miss. 2007); Read v. State, 430 So. 2d
832, 838 (Miss. 1982)).

                                               8
present claims or facts in his earlier PCR petition. Grayson argues that the failure to provide

the effective assistance of counsel in PCR proceedings violates his rights to due process and

access to the courts. The State argues that there is no right to the effective assistance of post-

conviction counsel. The State contends that Grayson cannot meet any exceptions to the

procedural bars, and his PCR motion should be dismissed.

¶14.   The State is correct that this Court has not recognized a general right to the effective

assistance of PCR counsel in every criminal case. However, we have acknowledged that

death-penalty cases are different. We have said that the death-penalty petitioner is “entitled

to appointed competent and conscientious counsel to assist him with his pursuit of

post-conviction relief.” Puckett, 834 So. 2d at 680 (emphasis added). Our laws provide that

an accused shall have “representation available at every critical stage of the proceeding

against him where a substantial right may be affected.” Miss. Code Ann. § 99-15-15 (Rev.

2007). And because this Court has recognized that PCR proceedings are a critical stage of

the death-penalty appeal process at the state level, today we make clear that PCR petitioners

who are under a sentence of death do have a right to the effective assistance of PCR counsel.

Jackson v. State, 732 So. 2d 187, 191 (Miss. 1999)2 ; Chamberlin, 55 So. 3d at 1049.

       2
           In Jackson, this Court held:

       that in capital cases, state post-conviction efforts, though collateral, have
       become part of the death penalty appeal process at the state level. We
       therefore find that Jackson, as a death row inmate, is entitled to appointed and
       compensated counsel to represent him in his state post-conviction efforts.

Jackson, 732 So. 2d at 191.

                                                9
Accordingly, the State’s argument that there is no right to the effective assistance of PCR

counsel in death-penalty cases is without merit.

¶15.   Having determined that Grayson had a right to the effective assistance of PCR counsel

during his original PCR proceedings, we now must determine whether that right was

violated. If it was violated, then Grayson’s first PCR motion was a sham, and he was denied

an opportunity to present a meritorious PCR motion.

       The test for ineffective assistance of counsel is well-settled. “The benchmark
       for judging any claim of ineffectiveness must be whether counsel's conduct so
       undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial
       cannot be relied on as having produced a just result.” Strickland v.
       Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 686, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984). In
       order to prevail on an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, a defendant
       must first prove that his counsel was deficient, which requires showing that
       “counsel made errors so serious that [he or she was] not functioning as the
       ‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment.” Id. at 687, 104
S. Ct. 2052. Secondly, a defendant must prove that the “deficient performance
       prejudiced the defense,” which requires showing that “counsel’s errors were
       so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is
       reliable.” Id. Absent both showings, a defendant may not prevail on his claim
       that his counsel was ineffective. Id.

       This Court must “‘strongly presume that counsel's conduct falls within a wide
       range of reasonable professional assistance, and the challenged act or omission
       might be considered sound trial strategy. In other words, defense counsel is
       presumed competent.’” Liddell v. State, 7 So. 3d 217, 219–20 (Miss. 2009).
       And even where professional error is proven, this Court must determine if
       there is a “reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors,
       the result of the proceedings would have been different. A reasonable
       probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.”
       Mohr v. State, 584 So. 2d 426, 430 (Miss. 1991).

Chamberlin, 55 So. 3d at 1050.

                                              10
¶16.   By order entered on April 10, 2002, the Circuit Court of George County, Mississippi,

appointed the Mississippi Office of Capital Post-Conviction Counsel (MOCPCC) to

represent Grayson in his PCR proceedings. On April 22, 2002, Robert M. Ryan, director of

the MOCPCC, filed his entry of appearance as counsel for Grayson with this Court,

subsequently filing Grayson’s first PCR motion and supplemental motion. On July 11, 2005,

Ryan executed an affidavit, which is attached to Grayson’s current pleadings, describing his

representation of Grayson in detail. Ryan described how the MOCPCC was understaffed,

underfunded and overworked. He explained that numerous PCR petitions were due within

a short period of time. He stated that minimal, if any, investigation, research, and evaluation

were conducted prior to filing the PCR petitions. Ryan stated that, as of January 2003 –

about one month before Grayson’s PCR petition was due – he was the only attorney

employed by the MOCPCC and had done nothing in Grayson’s case. Ryan’s affidavit states,

in part:

       16. During all of this transition in early 2003, the walls caved in on numerous
       cases in which the court declined to grant extensions or to relieve the Office
       from the cases. As is reflected in the attached chart, I had to file nine cases .
       . . between February 14, 2003, and May 1, 2003, in which no one had really
       had the opportunity to look at, let alone investigate or research, prior to
       January 1, 2003, although I had read the transcripts when the cases were first
       assigned to the Office.

       17. Three of these cases, Grayson, Simmons, and Knox were filed on the
       same day, February 14, 2003, with me having to rely on transcript summaries
       because I did not have time to even go back and read the transcripts again.
       I also did not have time to file funding requests, conduct a full investigation,
       or adequately research the issues. . . .

                                              11
       18. With Grayson . . . on October 21, 2002, I requested an extension from
       February 14, 2003 to June 16, 2003, because I was “simply unable to act in an
       ethical manner” due to other duties. The court gave me only until February 14,
       2003, to file. On January 30, 2003, I filed another request for an extension
       informing the court that I was the only attorney in the office because David
       Voisin had resigned and Terri Marroquin had been discharged. I had so little
       information on the case that I was unable to even cite case specific reasons for
       the need for additional time. Again, the motion was denied.

       19. In addition, specific to Grayson, . . . we did not file any requests for expert
       assistance and had conducted very little investigation. As the Mississippi
       Supreme Court even pointed out in its opinion denying relief, we were unable,
       due to the lack of time, to even interview the trial counsel on the case and
       obtain an affidavit from him. . . .

(Emphasis added.)

¶17.   Grayson offers affidavits from several employees of the MOCPCC in support of his

claims. These affidavits reveal that minimal investigation into Grayson’s PCR claims was

conducted a few days before the PCR motion was due. The only investigation conducted

prior to filing the petition were a few phone calls to jurors who would not discuss the case,

one request for records – which were not received – and brief interviews with and affidavits

from four of Grayson’s family members. The MOCPCC did not conduct any independent

discovery or investigation and did not seek expert assistance. Counsel for Grayson did not

obtain the files from the prosecutor, from law enforcement, or from the State’s experts, even

though counsel was entitled to these files pursuant to Rule 22(c)(4)(ii) of the Mississippi

Rules of Appellate Procedure. Trial counsel was never interviewed. Even though the Court

allowed sixty additional days to file a supplemental PCR, no additional investigation was

conducted. This Court found the issues raised in the PCR pleadings were “virtually

                                               12
identical” to those asserted on direct appeal. Grayson II, 879 So. 2d at 1012. This Court

noted the lack of evidentiary support for many of the claims. Id. at 1016.

¶18.   PCR proceedings in death-penalty cases are a critical stage of the death-penalty appeal

process at the state level. Jackson, 732 So. 2d at 191; Chamberlin, 55 So. 3d at 1049. In

Jackson, this Court held:

       indigent death row inmates are simply not able, on their own, to competently
       engage in this type of litigation. Applications for post-conviction relief often
       raise issues which require investigation, analysis and presentation of facts
       outside the appellate record. The inmate is confined, unable to investigate, and
       often without training in the law or the mental ability to comprehend the
       requirements of the UPCCRA.

Id. at 190 (emphasis added). The petitioner must properly support his PCR claims with legal

arguments and evidence or risk a future finding that the claims are procedurally barred.

Miss. Code Ann. §§ 99-39-5(1); 99-39-9; 99-39-27(9) (Supp. 2012); Russell v. State, 819
So. 2d 1177, 1178-79 (Miss. 2001). A thorough review of the direct-appeal record, the prior

PCR pleadings, and the exhibits offered by Grayson in support of his current post-conviction

motion reveal that Ryan’s performance in the first PCR proceedings was deficient.

Strickland, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984).

¶19.   For the second prong of an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, we must determine

whether counsel’s deficient performance prejudiced the petitioner. Id. In other words, “this

Court must determine if there is a ‘reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s

unprofessional errors, the result of the proceedings would have been different. A reasonable

probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.’” Chamberlin,

                                             13
55 So. 3d at 1050 (quoting Mohr, 584 So. 2d at 430). If any of Grayson’s present claims for

relief are meritorious, then he suffered prejudice. If these claims lack merit, then there was

no prejudice. We must proceed to a consideration of the claims raised.

       Grayson asserts that his death sentence must be vacated, pursuant to the
       Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, because
       the jury in sentencing was not instructed that it could consider any and all
       mitigating evidence beyond that specifically enumerated in the court’s
       instructions.

¶20.   Grayson contends that the jury was not properly instructed that it must consider any

mitigation evidence presented. Grayson argues that, if the jury fails to consider mitigating

evidence, there is an unacceptable risk that the death penalty will be imposed in spite of

factors which warrant a less severe penalty. Grayson argues that his death sentence must be

reversed because it violates his rights under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the

United States Constitution.

¶21.   The State argues that this claim is barred from consideration by Sections 99-39-5(2)3

and 99-39-27(9)4 of the Mississippi Code.5 The State also argues that Grayson failed to raise

this claim at trial or on direct appeal and that the claim is barred pursuant to Section 99-39-

21(1) of the Mississippi Code. Grayson fails to address the procedural bars found in Section

       3
           The one-year time bar.
       4
           The successive-writ bar.
       5
        Throughout the State’s response, it also argues that Grayson’s claims are barred
pursuant to Section 99-39-23(6) of the Mississippi Code. Section 99-39-23 applies only
when an evidentiary hearing has been conducted. Since there has been no evidentiary
hearing in this case, Section 99-39-23(6) of the Mississippi Code simply does not apply in
this case.

                                              14
99-39-21 of the Mississippi Code. Section 99-39-21 of the Mississippi Code states, in

pertinent part:

       (1) Failure by a prisoner to raise objections, defenses, claims, questions, issues
       or errors either in fact or law which were capable of determination at trial
       and/or on direct appeal, regardless of whether such are based on the laws and
       the Constitution of the state of Mississippi or of the United States, shall
       constitute a waiver thereof and shall be procedurally barred, but the court may
       upon a showing of cause and actual prejudice grant relief from the waiver.
       ...

       (4) The term “cause” as used in this section shall be defined and limited to
       those cases where the legal foundation upon which the claim for relief is based
       could not have been discovered with reasonable diligence at the time of trial
       or direct appeal.

       (5) The term “actual prejudice” as used in this section shall be defined and
       limited to those errors which would have actually adversely affected the
       ultimate outcome of the conviction or sentence.

       (6) The burden is upon the prisoner to allege in his motion such facts as are
       necessary to demonstrate that his claims are not procedurally barred under this
       section.

Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21 (Rev. 2007). Grayson’s claim regarding the jury instructions

was capable of determination at trial and on direct appeal. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21(1)

(Rev. 2007); Howard v. State, 945 So. 2d 326, 362 (Miss. 2006). The trial transcript reveals

that counsel for Grayson did not object to the jury instructions about which Grayson now

complains. Additionally, Grayson did not assert any claims regarding jury instructions in his

direct appeal. Grayson I, 806 So. 2d at 244. This claim is waived unless Grayson can show

“cause” and “actual prejudice” as defined in the statute. Since “the legal foundation upon

which the claim for relief is based” was discoverable “with reasonable diligence at the time

                                              15
of trial or direct appeal,” Grayson cannot show “cause.” Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21(4)

(Rev. 2007). The statute requires Grayson to show both “cause” and “actual prejudice.”

Since Grayson cannot show “cause,” the claim is procedurally barred. Miss. Code Ann.

§ 99-39-21(1) (Rev. 2007); Wiley v. State, 750 So. 2d 1193, 1210 (Miss. 1999) (citing Foster

v. State, 687 So. 2d 1124, 1140 (Miss. 1997)).

¶22.      Procedural bar notwithstanding, this claim does not entitle Grayson to relief. We have

stated:

          In the sentencing phase of a capital murder trial, the stakes are life and death.
          A defendant is permitted to introduce virtually any relevant and reliable
          evidence touching upon the defendant's background and character, or the crime
          itself, which is offered as a basis to persuade a jury to return a sentence of less
          than death. We caution prosecutors and trial judges about limiting mitigation
          evidence offered by a defendant when it is presented fairly, and is relevant to
          the defendant's character, background, or the circumstances surrounding the
          crime.

Fulgham v. State, 46 So. 3d 315, 336 (Miss. 2010). During the sentencing proceeding,

“evidence may be presented as to any matter that the court deems relevant to sentence, and

shall include matters relating to any of the aggravating or mitigating circumstances. . . . The

state and the defendant and/or his counsel shall be permitted to present arguments for or

against the sentence of death.” Miss. Code Ann. § 99-19-101(1) (Rev. 2007). After hearing

all the evidence, the jury is required to consider whether mitigating circumstances exist

which outweigh the aggravating circumstances. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-19-101 (Rev. 2007).

¶23.      Grayson asserts that the jury was given only two allegedly inadequate instructions

regarding the consideration of mitigation evidence. Instruction S-2A stated, in pertinent part:

                                                  16
You have found the Defendant guilty of the crime of Capital Murder. You
must now decide whether the Defendant will be sentenced to death or life
imprisonment. In reaching your decision, you may objectively consider the
detailed circumstances of the offense for which the Defendant was convicted,
and the character and record of the Defendant himself. You should consider
and weigh any aggravating and mitigating circumstances, as set forth later in
this instruction, but you are cautioned not to be swayed by mere sentiment,
conjecture, sympathy, passion, prejudice, public opinion, or public feeling.

. . . [The jury was instructed regarding the factors found in Section 99-19-
101(7) of the Mississippi Code.]

Next to return the death penalty, you must find that the mitigating
circumstances – those which tend to warrant the less severe penalty of life
imprisonment – do not outweigh the aggravating circumstances – those which
tend to warrant the death penalty.

. . . [The jury was instructed regarding the applicable statutory aggravating
circumstances.]

If one or more of the above aggravating circumstances is found to exist, then
you must consider whether there are mitigating circumstances which outweigh
the aggravating circumstance(s). Consider the following elements of
mitigation in determining whether the death penalty should not be imposed:

       (1) Whether the capacity of the Defendant to appreciate the
       criminality of his conduct was substantially impaired.

       (2) The age of the Defendant at the time of the crime.

If you find from the evidence that one or more of the preceding elements of
mitigation exists, then you must consider whether it (or they) outweigh(s) or
overcome(s) the aggravating circumstance(s) that you previously found. In the
event that you find the mitigating circumstance(s) do not outweigh or
overcome the aggravating circumstance(s), you may impose the death penalty
sentence. Should you find that the mitigating circumstance(s) outweigh or
overcome the aggravating circumstance(s), you shall not impose the death
sentence.

The verdict you return must be written on a separate sheet of paper signed by
the foreman. . . .

                                     17
(Emphasis added.) Instruction D-2(A) stated:

       The Court instructs the jury that you may consider the following mitigating
       circumstances when considering your sentencing option:

                 1. The capacity of the defendant to appreciate the criminality of
                 his conduct was substantially impaired.

                 2. The age of the defendant at the time of the crime.

Grayson argues that, based on these instructions, the jurors may have believed that they could

not take into consideration any mitigation evidence other than evidence regarding his

capacity to appreciate the criminality of his crime and his age at the time of the crime.

Grayson argues that the testimony of his mother and grandmother would have been given no

effect or consideration by the jury, because that testimony did not, for the most part, relate

to his mental state or his age at the time of the crime. Grayson argues that the jury should

have been given a catch-all instruction directing the jury to consider and weigh all of the

evidence presented in mitigation. Grayson asserts that his death sentence must be vacated

on this basis.

¶24.   We considered a similar argument in Jordan v. State and recognized that this Court

has approved the following catch-all instruction dealing with the consideration of mitigating

evidence:

       Consider the following elements of mitigation in determining whether the
       death penalty should not be imposed: Any matter – any other aspect of the
       defendant's character or record, any other circumstances of the offense brought
       to you during the trial of this cause which you, the jury, deem to be mitigating
       on behalf of the defendant.

                                                18
Jordan, 912 So. 2d 800, 820 (Miss. 2005) (quoting Scott v. State, 878 So. 2d 933, 983 (Miss.

2004)). We held: “[e]ven though the jury did not get a standard catch-all instruction 6 . . . ,

taking the instructions as a whole, the jury was instructed that it should consider and weigh

all of the evidence in mitigation of punishment.” Id. at 820-21 (emphasis added).

¶25.   Grayson’s jury also was given Instruction S-1, which states:

       The Court instructs the Jury that it must be emphasized that the procedure that
       you must follow is not a mere counting process of a certain number of
       aggravating circumstances versus the number of mitigating circumstances.
       Rather, you must apply your reasoned judgment as to whether this situation
       calls for life imprisonment or whether it requires the imposition of death, in
       light of the totality of the circumstances present.

(Emphasis added.) Taking Grayson’s jury instructions as a whole, “we cannot conclude that

the jury was unconstitutionally foreclosed from considering all mitigating circumstances.”

Berry v. State, 703 So. 2d 269, 287 (Miss. 1997); see also Berry v. State, 882 So. 2d 157,

169 (Miss. 2004).

¶26.   Had Grayson raised this claim in his first PCR motion, relief would have been denied.

Therefore, Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original PCR proceedings did not

prejudice Grayson. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674. This

claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should be dismissed.

       Grayson asserts that his death sentence must be vacated under the Eighth and
       Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, because Grayson’s
       jury was not adequately instructed that Grayson would be ineligible for parole
       if sentenced to life imprisonment.

       6
           The use of the standard catch-all instruction is encouraged.

                                               19
¶27.   Grayson argues that the jury had to be instructed that if Grayson was sentenced to life

in prison, his sentence would be without parole. Grayson contends that the jury was not

adequately instructed and that it may have misunderstood the possible sentences. The State

points out that this claim was capable of determination at trial or on direct appeal and is

procedurally barred. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21(1) (Rev. 2007); Wiley, 750 So. 2d at 1208

(citing Foster, 687 So. 2d at 1140).

¶28.   Procedural bar notwithstanding, the jury was given the following instruction:

       The Court instructs the jury that you are under no obligation to impose the
       death penalty. That is simply one option. You may also consider a sentence
       of life, without parole.

Additionally, Grayson’s trial counsel discussed “life without parole” at length during his

closing argument.

¶29.   Grayson contends that the jury instruction was insufficient and that his death sentence

must be vacated. We disagree. The jury was informed adequately that a life sentence would

be without parole. This claim is without merit. See Jordan v. State, 918 So. 2d 636, 651

(Miss. 2005).

¶30.   Since this claim lacks merit, Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original PCR

proceedings did not prejudice Grayson. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L.

Ed. 2d 674. This claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should be

dismissed.

       Grayson argues that his rights under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments
       of the United States Constitution were violated, in that he was deprived of the

                                             20
       effective assistance of counsel at both the guilt-or-innocence and penalty
       stages of the trial and on direct appeal.

¶31.   At trial, Grayson was represented by David M. Ishee of Pascagoula and William T.

Bailey Sr. of Lucedale. Ishee also represented Grayson in his direct appeal. Grayson argues

that “[c]ounsel at all stages fell below the standard of effective assistance of counsel as set

forth in Strickland v. Washington”and contends that counsel rendered ineffective assistance

in fourteen areas. The State argues that all of Grayson’s claims are procedurally barred

pursuant to Sections 99-39-5(2) (time bar) and 99-39-27(9) (successive-writ bar) of the

Mississippi Code. Additionally, the State asserts that these “claims were either disposed of

on prior review and are therefore res judicata,7 or they constitute similar claims raised under

a different legal theory and are therefore barred by [Section 99-39-21(2) of the Mississippi

Code,]” or they were capable of being raised at trial or on direct appeal and are barred by

Section 99-39-21(1) of the Mississippi Code. We consider each claim raised.

       1.       Failure to timely and adequately support the funding motion for an
                investigator to interview a potentially exculpatory witness in Dade
                County, Florida, related to the guilt-or-innocence issues, and failure to
                adequately preserve this issue at trial for presentation on appeal

¶32.   Grayson’s defense theory at trial was that Jason Kilpatrick killed Smith and that

Grayson’s confession was coerced and was false. Grayson now agues that, despite the

importance of investigating Kilpatrick, trial counsel did not take adequate steps to obtain

       7
           Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21(3) (Rev. 2007).

                                               21
funding to investigate Kilpatrick.8 Grayson points out that trial counsel requested funding

for investigative assistance four times. The trial court granted limited funds for one

investigator. Grayson argued on direct appeal that the denial of funding was reversible error.

We concluded that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motions for

funds. Grayson I, 806 So. 2d at 254-55.

¶33.   Grayson now argues that counsel failed adequately to present sufficient information

to the trial court and the appellate court and failed adequately to preserve this issue for direct

appeal. Grayson asserts that, had counsel provided concrete reasons to support the requests,

“there is a reasonable probability that the trial court would have authorized funding and that

Grayson would have developed and presented evidence regarding Kilpatrick’s role in the

offense.” He further asserts that there is a reasonable probability that the results of the

proceedings would have been different.

¶34.   In support of this claim, Grayson offers the affidavit of Richard Dale Rogers, a

prisoner serving a life sentence in Florida. The affidavit was executed on April 22, 2005.

Rogers states that in 1995 9 Kilpatrick was his cellmate and Kilpatrick told him “how the

crime happened.” Rogers’s affidavit states, in pertinent part:

       8
        The record reveals that Kilpatrick was transported to George County prior to the trial
and returned to Florida upon its conclusion. Neither Grayson nor the State called him as a
witness.
       9
        The crime occurred in May 1996. Kilpatrick could not have confessed to a crime
that had not yet happened.

                                               22
       He and Grayson went to the victim’s house and were talking with her.
       Kilpatrick took her to the restroom in her wheelchair and pushed her in while
       Grayson was going through the house. When she tried to get out, he grabbed
       her chair and tipped it over and bent one of the wheels. She fell out and
       banged her head pretty hard. She was knocked out. She came to and started
       screaming. The next thing he knew he had blood all over him and everywhere
       and the knife was in his hand.

       Grayson had been carrying things out to the car while this was going on. They
       got a shotgun, jewelry, not much cash and some antique things. They went
       back to Pensacola to sell the stuff. There was camping equipment, too.
       Kilpatrick also told me he put the knife in the backyard near the porch.

¶35.   Grayson is attempting to recast his argument made on direct appeal – regarding the

denial of investigative funds – under a different legal theory, ineffective assistance of

counsel. Section 99-39-21(2) of the Mississippi Code provides:

       (2) The litigation of a factual issue at trial and on direct appeal of a specific
       state or federal legal theory or theories shall constitute a waiver of all other
       state or federal legal theories which could have been raised under said factual
       issue; and any relief sought under this article upon said facts but upon different
       state or federal legal theories shall be procedurally barred absent a showing of
       cause and actual prejudice.

Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21(2) (Rev. 2007). This claim is procedurally barred, unless

Grayson can show “cause” and “actual prejudice.” See Miss. Code Ann. 99-39-21(4) and

(5) (Rev. 2007).

¶36.   The statutory definition of “actual prejudice” and the definition of prejudice pursuant

to Strickland are similar. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674.

Even if Grayson could show that trial counsel’s performance was deficient, Rogers’s

affidavit is not enough to prove prejudice. Although Rogers’s affidavit implicates Grayson,

Rogers’s description of the crime is not consistent with the information about the crime

                                              23
found in the record. Additionally, Grayson confessed to murdering Smith and provided

details which are consistent with the evidence at the crime scene. Even if Rogers’s hearsay

testimony had been admitted into evidence, Grayson has failed to show a reasonable

probability that the result of the proceedings would have been different. Chamberlin, 55 So.
3d at 1050. This claim is procedurally barred. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21(2) (Rev. 2007).

¶37.   Notwithstanding the procedural bar, Grayson has failed to show that his trial/appellate

counsel was constitutionally ineffective. Since this claim lacks merit, Ryan’s failure to raise

this claim in the original PCR proceedings did not prejudice Grayson. Strickland, 466 U.S.

at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674. This claim does not meet an exception to the

procedural bars and should be dismissed.

       2.     Failure to timely and adequately seek funding, failure to preserve the
              record with respect to the denial of funding requests, failure to
              otherwise adequately investigate the issues related to guilt-or-
              innocence, and failure to seek a continuance

¶38.   Grayson next argues that trial counsel was constitutionally ineffective for failing to

request other funds, failing to establish a record of ex parte discussions to preserve the issues

for appeal, and failing to seek a continuance. Grayson contends that counsel failed to

conduct an adequate investigation. Grayson asserts that the failure to secure Richard Dale

Rogers’s testimony proves prejudice.

¶39.   We consistently have recognized that “counsel has a duty to make reasonable

investigations or to make a reasonable decision that makes particular investigations

unnecessary.” Wilson, 81 So. 3d at 1075 (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 691, 104 S. Ct.
24
2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674). Other than Rogers’s affidavit, Grayson has failed to offer sufficient

proof of what additional funds or a continuance would have yielded and has failed to offer

sufficient proof of what a proper investigation would have revealed. Based on Rogers’s

affidavit alone, even if trial counsel’s performance was deficient, Grayson has failed to show

a reasonable probability that the result of the proceedings would have been different.

Chamberlin, 55 So. 3d at 1050.

¶40.   Grayson has failed to show that his trial/appellate counsel was constitutionally

ineffective. Since this claim lacks merit, Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original

PCR proceedings did not prejudice Grayson. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052,

80 L. Ed. 2d 674. This claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should

be dismissed.

       3.       Failure to timely and adequately investigate and present evidence and
                argument in support of Grayson’s motion to suppress his statements
                during both the pretrial hearing and in the presence of the jury during
                trial

¶41.   Grayson argues that trial/appellate counsel failed adequately to assert that Grayson’s

statements should have been suppressed because he was denied his right to counsel and

because the confession was involuntary. Grayson argues that his three statements to police

were inadmissible and that counsel was ineffective in his arguments at trial to suppress the

statements and in his arguments on direct appeal.

¶42.   Grayson asserts that he invoked his right to counsel during his first interview, that he

was then held without counsel and placed on suicide watch. He contends police violated his

                                              25
right to counsel by continuing to interrogate him, and any information or evidence obtained

from these illegal interrogations should have been suppressed. He also asserts that his

confession was coerced. Grayson contends that counsel’s efforts at trial and on appeal to

attack his statements were inadequate. Grayson acknowledges that we rejected arguments

regarding his statements on direct appeal. He asserts that this “Court’s determination is flatly

contradicted in a number of respects by the evidence, which trial and appellate counsel failed

to adequately present and argue.”

¶43.   On direct appeal, we considered Grayson’s arguments regarding his statements and

rejected them. Grayson I, 806 So. 2d at 247-49. We again rejected similar arguments in

Grayson’s first PCR proceedings. Grayson II, 879 So. 2d at 1012-13. Grayson is attempting

to recast his argument on direct appeal under a different legal theory – ineffective assistance

of counsel. This claim is procedurally barred. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21(2) (Rev. 2007).

¶44.   Without waiving the procedural bar, Grayson is not entitled to relief. Grayson asserts

in his motion that, after he requested counsel, he did not initiate contact with the police

sufficient to waive his invocation of the right to counsel. He contends that, when he

requested to speak to officers, it was for very limited purposes and was not a waiver of his

request for counsel. However, Grayson fails to offer sufficient evidence in support of his

assertions. In fact, his own affidavit offered in support of his motion does not even mention

the facts surrounding his statements to police. Upon a thorough review of the direct-appeal

record, the prior PCR pleadings and the exhibits offered by Grayson in support of his current

post-conviction motion, it is clear that Grayson has failed to show that counsel’s performance

                                              26
was deficient or that any such deficiency prejudiced his case. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687,

104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674; Walker v. State, 863 So. 2d 1, 17 (Miss. 2003).

¶45.   Since this claim lacks merit, Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original PCR

proceedings did not prejudice Grayson. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L.

Ed. 2d 674. This claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should be

dismissed.

       4.     Failure to request DNA testing on fingernail scrapings from the victim
              and blood samples from the crime scene

¶46.   Grayson contends that fingernail scrapings from the victim were collected and

submitted to the Mississippi Crime Laboratory. He argues that counsel was ineffective for

failing to request DNA testing. He also “specifically requests this Court remand this matter

to the circuit court for proceedings related to DNA testing pursuant to [Section 99-39-5 of

the Mississippi Code.]”

¶47.   This issue was considered and rejected in Grayson’s first PCR proceedings. Grayson

II, 879 So. 2d at 1017. We held:

       ¶ 22. Grayson next asserts that counsel was ineffective because they did not
       submit blood samples and the fingernail scrapings of the victim for DNA
       analysis. In his statements to law enforcement, Grayson implicated Jason
       Kilpatrick as the murderer. Grayson contends that had DNA testing been
       performed, it “might very well have linked Kilpatrick to the crime scene.” The
       State argues that it was sound trial strategy not to have DNA testing done. In
       his statements to police, Grayson admits to being at the victim's home with
       Kilpatrick at the time of the crime. Even if DNA analysis revealed Kilpatrick's
       involvement, it would not prove Grayson's innocence. Additionally, pointing
       the finger at Kilpatrick, who was not called during trial, was one of the main
       defense strategies. By conducting DNA testing it may have removed the
       “empty chair” defense counsel was trying to fill with Kilpatrick.

                                             27
       ¶ 23. Grayson has not shown that counsels' failure to conduct DNA testing was
       deficient performance. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688, 104 S. Ct. at 2064-54.
       Additionally, Grayson has not demonstrated a reasonable probability that the
       results of the guilt or sentencing phase of the trial would have been different
       had DNA testing been done. Walker v. State, 863 So. 2d at 12-13 (citing Mohr
       v. State, 584 So. 2d 426, 430 (Miss. 1991)). FN3. Accordingly, Grayson
       cannot show prejudice. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068. FN4.

              FN4. In its response, the State points out that post-conviction counsel
              has not requested DNA testing be done and does not contend that it has
              been conducted and it exonerates Grayson. In his reply, Grayson
              “request[s] that test samples of tissue, fluid or other potential DNA
              bearing evidence in the hands of the State be made available to
              Grayson for examination testing by an independent laboratory.
              Grayson further requests funds be made available for such examination
              and testing.” Grayson's request will not be considered as it is not
              properly before this Court. M.R.A.P. 22 provides the procedure for
              requesting expenses such as this. If Grayson wants the funds for such
              examination and testing, he should file a proper motion pursuant to
              M.R.A.P. 22.

Id. (footnote omitted) (emphasis added).

¶48.   Following the issuance of the opinion in Grayson II, Grayson still has not filed a

proper motion for testing. See Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(1) (Supp. 2012). Since this claim

lacks merit, Ryan’s performance did not prejudice Grayson. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687,

104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674. This claim does not meet an exception to the procedural

bars and should be dismissed.

       5.     Distancing themselves from Grayson and repeatedly informing the jury
              that they were appointed counsel present only because they were
              “ordered to come here to represent him”

¶49.   Grayson contends that his trial counsel violated his duty of loyalty to Grayson and

“effectively stacked the odds against him since his own counsel conveyed that he did not

                                             28
want to be present to assist Grayson.” Grayson then cites several instances in the record

where counsel stated that he was appointed to represent Grayson. Grayson asserts that

counsel told witnesses “almost apologetically” that he had been appointed.

¶50.   The record reveals that Grayson has taken each of these instances completely out of

context. The mere mention that counsel is appointed does not indicate that counsel was not

loyal to his client. Additionally, while we have condemned the practice of counsel informing

the jury that he was appointed, we have not held that it is reversible error. Sanders v. State,

429 So. 2d 245, 252 (Miss. 1983); Browning v. State, 450 So. 2d 789, 791 (Miss. 1984).

Grayson has failed to show that trial counsel’s performance was deficient, and he has failed

to show that any such deficiency prejudiced his case. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S.

Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674; Walker, 863 So. 2d at 17.

¶51.   Since this claim lacks merit, Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original PCR

proceedings did not prejudice Grayson. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L.

Ed. 2d 674. This claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should be

dismissed.

       6.    Failure to adequately review transcriptions of Grayson’s audiotaped
             and videotaped statements admitted into evidence, adequately review the
             videotape of Grayson’s May 24 statement admitted into evidence, and
             object to inadmissible portions and improper omissions or, alternatively,
             failure to adequately preserve the record for appeal on these issues

¶52.   Grayson asserts that “[a]lthough counsel litigated concerning the admissibility of

Grayson’s statements, counsel failed to adequately review the evidence once the trial court

denied the suppression motions to ensure that inadmissible portions of the statements and

                                             29
improper omissions were addressed and adequately preserved on the record for appeal.”

Grayson admits that counsel objected several times regarding Grayson’s three statements to

police. Grayson contends that these objections were inadequate, and because of counsel’s

deficient performance, the jury was improperly allowed to hear that Grayson had purchased

cocaine once he returned to Florida after the crime. Grayson also contends that the jury was

improperly allowed to hear that Grayson was wanted in Mississippi and that it related to the

Restitution Center in Pascagoula. Grayson asserts that he was prejudiced by the jury’s

knowledge of irrelevant and damaging information.

¶53.   Grayson argued on direct appeal that the trial court erred in failing to suppress

Grayson’s statements because they were obtained in violation of his right to counsel and

because they were involuntary. Grayson I, 806 So. 2d at 247-49. Grayson “made the same

arguments” in his first PCR proceedings. Grayson II, 879 So. 2d at 1012. The admissibility

of information regarding Grayson’s purchase of drugs after the crime and the fact that he had

escaped from the Restitution Center were not discussed.

¶54.   Rule 404(b) of the Mississippi Rules of Evidence provides:

       (b) Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts. Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts
       is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show that he
       acted in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other
       purposes such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan,
       knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.

M.R.E. 404(b) (emphasis added). Grayson admitted in his confession that he broke into

Smith’s house to steal a shotgun because he needed money to buy drugs. The fact that he

actually purchased drugs after he returned to in Florida was admissible as proof of motive.

                                             30
M.R.E. 404(b). Even if trial/appellate counsel’s performance was deficient in failing to object

to this evidence, the objection would have been properly overruled, and Grayson has failed

to show that any alleged deficient performance prejudiced him. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687,

104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674; Walker, 863 So. 2d at 17.

¶55.   Rule 404(b) may also permit the admission of the evidence that Grayson had escaped

from the Restitution Center. This evidence may be admissible to show that Grayson had the

opportunity to commit the crime.         M.R.E. 404(b).     Even if trial/appellate counsel’s

performance was deficient in failing to object to the evidence of the escape from the

Restitution Center, Grayson has failed to offer sufficient proof of prejudice. Strickland, 466
U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674; Walker, 863 So. 2d at 17. Grayson was

advised of his rights several times, and he gave a detailed confession, in which he admitted

that he murdered Smith. Even if the brief reference to the Restitution Center in Pascagoula

had been redacted from Grayson’s confession, the jury still would have heard the rest of the

confession, including Grayson’s detailed description of the murder. Grayson has failed to

show that “there is a ‘reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the

result of the proceedings would have been different.’” Chamberlin, 55 So. 3d at 1050

(quoting Mohr, 584 So. 2d at 430).

¶56.   We consistently have held that “[d]efense counsel is presumed competent.” Davis v.

State, 897 So. 2d 960, 965 (Miss. 2004) (citing Washington v. State, 620 So. 2d 966 (Miss.

1993)). “Perfect representation in hindsight is not the standard, and the accused is not entitled

to errorless counsel.” Davis, 897 So. 2d at 966 (citing Stringer v. State, 454 So. 2d 468, 476

                                               31
(Miss. 1984). “The Sixth Amendment guarantees reasonable competence, not perfect

advocacy judged with the benefit of hindsight.” Davis, 897 So. 2d at 966-67 (emphasis added)

(quoting Yarborough v. Gentry, 540 U.S. 1, 124 S. Ct. 1, 4, 157 L. Ed. 2d 1 (2003), citing

Bell v. Cone, 535 U.S. 685, 702, 122 S. Ct. 1843, 152 L. Ed. 2d 914 (2002); Kimmelman v.

Morrison, 477 U.S. 365, 382, 106 S. Ct. 2574, 91 L. Ed. 2d 305 (1986); Strickland, 466 U.S.

at 689, 104 S. Ct. 2052.

¶57.   Upon a thorough review of the direct-appeal record, the prior PCR proceedings, and

the evidence offered by Grayson in support of his current post-conviction motion, we find that

he has failed to show that his trial/appellate counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel.

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674. Since this claim lacks merit,

Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original PCR proceedings did not prejudice Grayson.

Id. This claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should be dismissed.

       7.     Failure to object to the State’s closing argument during the trial, which
              vouched for Jason Kilpatrick and included the prosecutor’s personal
              statements and information not properly admitted into evidence

¶58.   Grayson argues that the prosecution made several improper statements and arguments

during closing argument. Grayson contends that the prosecutor improperly vouched for

Kilpatrick’s innocence and asserted facts not in the record. Grayson argues that trial/appellate

counsel’s failure to object to these statements and arguments was constitutionally ineffective

assistance of counsel.

¶59.   The record reveals that counsel for Grayson argued in closing arguments that

Kilpatrick was the real murderer; that Grayson’s confession was coerced and involuntary; and

                                               32
that Grayson’s fingerprints were not found at the crime scene. The prosecutor responded to

Grayson’s arguments about Kilpatrick by pointing out that Grayson’s theory did not make

sense. If Kilpatrick had been the one to break into the house, then Smith did not know him,

and he could have escaped without killing her, because she would not have been able to

identify him. The prosecutor then stated:

         And this is what the police looked for that morning. Why? Why this? Why
         that? Explain it. They are doing the same thing at this time for Jason Kilpatrick
         in Florida. We can’t even put him in Mississippi. If we could, he would be
         sitting over there. Law enforcement from two states are involved in this. And
         that’s why he’s not here. But he’s going to kill somebody he ain’t got no
         reason to?

The prosecutor responded to the argument regarding the lack of fingerprints by pointing out

that, at the time Grayson made his statements to police, the fingerprints collected at the crime

scene had not yet been analyzed. The prosecutor theorized that Grayson may have stated that

Kilpatrick wore gloves in an effort to explain the lack of Kilpatrick’s fingerprints at the crime

scene.

¶60.     Grayson agues that both of these arguments were objectionable and that defense

counsel was deficient in failing to object. In analyzing the prosecutor’s closing argument, “it

is necessary to examine the surrounding circumstances and be careful not to take a statement

out-of-context.” Spicer v. State, 921 So. 2d 292, 318 (Miss. 2006) (citing Williams v. State,

522 So. 2d 201, 209 (Miss. 1988)). In discussing alleged improper closing argument by a

prosecutor, we have held:

         Trial counsel is granted wide latitude during closing argument. “[T]he court
         cannot control the substance and phraseology of counsel's argument; there is

                                                33
       nothing to authorize the court to interfere until there is either abuse, unjustified
       denunciation, or a statement of fact not shown in evidence.” “To constitute a
       due process violation, the prosecutorial misconduct must be ‘“of sufficient
       significance to result in the denial of the defendant's right to a fair trial.”’”

Manning v. State, 735 So. 2d 323, 345 (Miss. 1999) (internal citations omitted). Grayson has

taken the prosecutor’s discussion of the fingerprint evidence out of context. If trial/appellate

counsel had objected to that argument, the objection would have been overruled. Grayson has

failed to show that any alleged deficient performance prejudiced him. Strickland, 466 U.S.

at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674; Walker, 863 So. 2d at 17.

¶61.   Even if trial/appellate counsel should have objected to the prosecutor’s statements

regarding why Kilpatrick was not on trial with Grayson, Grayson has failed to offer sufficient

proof of prejudice. Grayson was advised of his rights several times, and he gave a detailed

confession, in which he admitted that he murdered Smith. Even if the jury had been instructed

to disregard the prosecutor’s statements about Kilpatrick, it still would have considered

Grayson’s confession. Grayson has failed to show that “there is a ‘reasonable probability that,

but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceedings would have been

different.’” Chamberlin, 55 So. 3d at 1050 (quoting Mohr, 584 So. 2d at 430).

¶62.   Upon a thorough review of the direct-appeal record, the prior PCR proceedings, and

the evidence offered by Grayson in support of his current post-conviction motion, we find that

he has failed to show that his trial/appellate counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel.

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674. Since this claim lacks merit,

                                               34
Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original PCR proceedings did not prejudice Grayson.

Id. This claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should be dismissed.

       8.     Failure to object to the submission to the jury of an instruction that
              allowed a verdict of guilty on the capital-murder charge without a
              finding that Grayson committed every element of that crime

¶63.   Grayson argues that the trial court submitted Instruction S-3A to the jury, and it

allowed the jury to find Grayson guilty of capital murder upon proof that he had committed

only one element of the crime. Grayson contends that trial/appellate counsel was ineffective

in failing to object to this instruction. Grayson contends that he was prejudiced because the

jury was not properly instructed and it may have believed that Kilpatrick was the killer and

still convicted Grayson of capital murder under the erroneous instruction.

¶64.   Instruction S-3A states:

       The Court instructs the Jury that each person present at the time and consenting
       to or encouraging the commission of a crime, and knowingly, wilfully and
       feloniously doing any act which is an element of the crime or immediately
       connected with it, or leading to its commission, is as much a principal as if he
       had with his own hands committed the whole offense; and if you believe from
       the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, that the Defendant, BLAYDE N.
       GRAYSON, did wilfully, unlawfully, knowingly and feloniously do any act
       which is an element of the crime with which he is charged, namely Capital
       Murder, or immediately connected with it, or leading to its commission, then
       and in that event, you should find the Defendant, BLAYDE N. GRAYSON,
       Guilty of Capital Murder.

We have found similar instructions to be erroneous, though harmless. See Bishop v. State,

812 So. 2d 934, 942-44 (Miss. 2002); Milano v. State, 790 So. 2d 179, 184-85 (Miss. 2001);

Liggins v. State, 726 So. 2d 180, 184 (Miss. 1998); Hornburger v. State, 650 So. 2d 510, 515

(Miss. 1995). In Bishop, a death-penalty case, we considered all of the jury instructions,

                                             35
including “the other instructions which required the jury to find the State had to prove all

elements of the offense before Bishop could be found guilty,” and concluded that the error

was harmless. Bishop, 812 So. 2d at 944.

¶65.   In Instruction C-1(A), Grayson’s jury was instructed that “[t]he State must prove each

and every essential element of the crime charged beyond a reasonable doubt.” Instruction S-

4A stated the elements of capital murder. Instructions S-5A and D2A stated the elements of

burglary. Instruction D-8 again stated that the State had the burden of proving the defendant

guilty of every element of the crime charged. Grayson also requested and received an

instruction on the lesser offense of accessory after the fact.

¶66.   The opinion in Hornburger was entered by this Court in 1995.                 Therefore,

trial/appellate counsel should have known that a similar instruction had been found to be

erroneous. Even if trial/appellate counsel’s failure to object to this instruction was deficient

performance, Grayson has failed to show prejudice. As in Bishop, when we consider all the

instructions taken as a whole, we find the error was harmless. Therefore, Grayson has failed

to show that there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceeding would have

been different. Chamberlin, 55 So. 3d at 1050 (quoting Mohr, 584 So. 2d at 430).

¶67.   Upon a thorough review of the direct-appeal record, the prior PCR proceedings, and

the evidence offered by Grayson in support of his current post-conviction motion, Grayson

has failed to show that his trial/appellate counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel.

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674. Since this claim lacks merit,

                                              36
Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original PCR proceedings did not prejudice Grayson.

Id. This claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should be dismissed.

       9.     Failure to adequately investigate and consult with Grayson prior to
              trial, which resulted in Grayson informing counsel that he did not desire
              to oppose a death sentence (if convicted) until the middle of the trial
              when Grayson’s family and independent counsel were brought in to
              advise Grayson of his options

       10.    Failure to adequately present mitigation evidence at the sentencing
              phase in support of additional statutory and nonstatutory mitigating
              circumstances which prejudiced Grayson

¶68.   Grayson’s ninth and tenth claims of ineffective assistance of trial/appellate counsel will

be considered together.     In his ninth claim, he sets out his argument that counsel’s

performance was deficient. In his tenth claim, he sets out his argument that the deficient

performance prejudiced him.

¶69.   In his first PCR proceedings, Grayson argued that his trial counsel was constitutionally

ineffective in failing to investigate and present mitigation evidence. Grayson II, 879 So. 2d

at 1014-17. We discussed at length the circumstances surrounding Grayson’s initial decision

not to oppose the death penalty and his later decision to allow the presentation of a very

limited mitigation case. Id. We concluded:

       The record in this matter is clear. Grayson was thoroughly advised by his two
       defense counsel, the trial court, and by independent counsel, Mr. Shepard, of
       the consequences of his decision. Grayson blocked his counsels’ efforts and
       cannot now claim deficient performance. Dowthitt, 230 F.3d at 748; Clark, 227
F.3d at 284. See also Williams v. State, 722 So. 2d 447, 450 (Miss. 1998).

Id. at 1016 (emphasis added). We further rejected Grayson’s argument “that counsel was

ineffective in failing to perform an adequate investigation, pursuant to Wiggins v. Smith, 539

                                              37
U.S. 510, 123 S. Ct. 2527[, 156 L. Ed. 2d 471 (2003)].” Id. This argument has been

considered and rejected and, therefore, his claims are bared by the doctrine of res judicata.10

¶70.   Procedural bar notwithstanding, Grayson now argues that counsel was constitutionally

ineffective in their “failure to adequately investigate and consult with Grayson prior to trial

which resulted in Grayson informing counsel that he did not desire to oppose a death sentence

(if convicted) until the middle of the trial when Grayson’s family and independent counsel

were brought in to advise Grayson of his options.” Grayson first asserts that counsel did not

consult with him regarding the trial proceedings, regarding the nature of the sentencing

proceeding, or the appeal process. Grayson claims that counsel did not have any meaningful

discussions with him. Grayson alleges that, had counsel adequately advised him regarding

his decision not to oppose the death penalty, “Grayson would have changed his mind much

earlier.”

¶71.   Grayson’s allegations are contrary to the record.       Both counsel’s affidavit and

Grayson’s affidavit note that Grayson stated from the beginning that he did not want to

oppose the death penalty. The record reveals Grayson’s counsel discussed the matter at length

with Grayson and explained the proceedings and his options to him. Counsel then requested

that the court appoint another attorney to discuss the issue with Grayson, “so that it is clear

that Mr. Bailey and I have not been derelict in our duties to our client and have made all of

        10
         Grayson argues that this Court’s factual findings were erroneous because Grayson’s
first PCR counsel failed adequately to present the facts to this Court. As will be discussed,
our factual findings were based upon the trial transcript.

                                              38
his options clear to him and make sure that he understands the implications and ramifications

of what he plans to do tomorrow.” The trial court then questioned Grayson regarding his

decision, and Grayson ratified everything counsel had stated. The trial court also asked

Grayson’s family if they believed he understood the ramifications of his decision, and they

said he did. After consulting with the third attorney, Grayson decided to allow his counsel

to call only his mother and grandmother in mitigation and to make a closing argument. The

trial court questioned Grayson twice more to make sure he agreed with what his attorney was

stating and to make sure that he did not have any objection to what had been stated. As we

held in Grayson II, “Grayson was thoroughly advised by his two defense counsel, the trial

court, and by independent counsel, Mr. Shepard, of the consequences of his decision.” Id. at

1016. Grayson’s blanket statement in his latest PCR proceedings that he “would have

changed his mind much earlier” is unconvincing.

¶72.   Grayson next argues that counsel conducted virtually no investigation in preparation

for sentencing, and this failure constituted ineffective assistance of counsel. Grayson asserts

that counsel called only his mother and grandmother to testify in mitigation “simply because

they had not investigated and had no other evidence to present.” Grayson now alleges that

he did not impede counsel’s ability to talk with family members or other witnesses and that

Grayson was cooperative with counsel. Grayson now contends that he “did not in any way

limit counsel’s ability to present mitigation in sentencing.” He further asserts that he did not

make a knowing and intelligent waiver of his right to present additional mitigation.

                                              39
¶73.   Again, Grayson’s allegations are contrary to the record. After consulting with the third

attorney, the court was informed regarding Grayson’s decision to allow a limited mitigation

case, and the following colloquy occurred:

       BY THE COURT: Mr. Ishee, anything you want to add?

       BY MR. ISHEE: Your Honor, the reason I'm going to opt today not to put on
       Mr. Grayson, he still has reservations about not fighting the death penalty. The
       main reason, it's my understanding he wishes to do, is to give his mother and
       grandmother an opportunity to speak on his behalf, since they want to. He has
       no objection to this. He's also informed me that I may make a closing
       argument. But I don't believe he personally can stand up and ask for life
       without parole. And I think if I attempted to have him do so, then he would
       probably make very incriminating statements in front of the jury which would
       probably tend to cause them to impose the death penalty. In fact, it's my belief
       he may even ask the jury for the death penalty if I put him on the witness stand.
       I've informed him of all of this and he's informed me that he does not wish to
       testify. But he will allow me to go forward with a defense.

       BY THE COURT: Mr. Grayson, do you agree with what your attorney has said
       here?

       BY THE DEFENDANT: Yes, ma'am.

(Emphasis added.) Again, as we found in Grayson II, “Grayson was thoroughly advised by

his two defense counsel, the trial court, and by independent counsel, Mr. Shepard, of the

consequences of his decision.” Id. at 1016. Grayson’s contention that his waiver was not

knowing and intelligent is belied by the record.

¶74.   Even if additional mitigation evidence was discovered, pursuant to Grayson’s

instructions, it could not have been presented during the sentencing phase of the trial.

“[C]ounsel is not ineffective for failing to present any evidence at the punishment phase,

pursuant to his client’s instructions.” Id. at 1016 (citing Clark v. Johnson, 227 F.3d 273,

                                              40
283-84 (5th Cir. 2000)). “Counsel will not be deemed ineffective for following their client’s

wishes, so long as the client made an informed decision.” Dowthitt v. Johnson, 230 F.3d
733, 748 (5th Cir. 2000); see also Bishop v. State, 882 So. 2d 135, 145 (Miss. 2004). “By no

measure can . . . [the defendant] block his lawyer's efforts and later claim the resulting

performance was constitutionally deficient.” Grayson II, 879 So. 2d at 1016 (quoting

Dowthitt, 230 F.3d at 748).

¶75.   Grayson also argues that if counsel had investigated, they would have discovered

substantial mitigation evidence from Grayson’s family and others. Grayson offers numerous

affidavits in support of his present PCR motion. These witnesses describe Grayson’s

childhood, family life, the abuse he suffered at the hands of his stepfather, and his drug abuse.

Much of this evidence is cumulative of the testimony presented during the sentencing

proceeding.

¶76.   Upon a thorough review of the direct-appeal record, the prior PCR proceedings, and

the evidence offered by Grayson in support of his current post-conviction motion, Grayson

has failed to show counsel’s performance was deficient. Additionally, Grayson has failed to

show that “there is a ‘reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the

result of the proceedings would have been different.’” Chamberlin, 55 So. 3d at 1050

(quoting Mohr, 584 So. 2d at 430). Since this claim lacks merit, Ryan’s performance did not

prejudice Grayson. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674. This

claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should be dismissed.

                                               41
       11.    Failure to argue mitigation evidence to the jury and making only
              generic societal and religious arguments against the death penalty in
              sentencing

¶77.   Grayson argues that trial counsel’s failure to mention mitigation evidence in his closing

argument was deficient performance which prejudiced him. The record reveals that counsel

discussed numerous reasons for the jury to impose a life sentence instead of the death penalty.

The record reveals that, throughout the guilt-innocence phase of the trial, “Grayson instructed

his counsel not to oppose the death penalty in the event of a guilty verdict.” Grayson II, 879
So. 2d at 1014. In Grayson’s affidavit in support of his present PCR motion, he admits that

he told his attorney “from the beginning that I did not want to oppose the death penalty if

convicted. . . .”   The record reveals that, in his closing argument, counsel made an

impassioned plea for a sentence of life without parole. The jury was properly instructed to

consider mitigation evidence.

¶78.   The State argues that, given Grayson’s limitations on the presentation of mitigation

evidence, counsel had but one choice for his closing argument– to argue for life without

parole. The State contends that counsel’s closing argument represents sound trial strategy.

The State correctly notes that “this Court has been consistent in finding that closing argument

falls under the ambit of defense counsel’s trial strategy.” Havard v. State, 928 So. 2d 771,

796 (Miss. 2006) (citing Pruitt v. State, 807 So. 2d 1236, 1240 (Miss. 2002)).

¶79.   We have consistently held that “Defense counsel is presumed competent.” Davis, 897
So. 2d at 965 (citing Washington, 620 So. 2d 966). “Perfect representation in hindsight is not

the standard, and the accused is not entitled to errorless counsel.” Id. at 966 (citing Stringer,

                                               42
454 So. 2d at 476). “The Sixth Amendment guarantees reasonable competence, not perfect

advocacy judged with the benefit of hindsight.” Id. at 966-67 (emphasis added) (internal

citations omitted).

¶80.    Upon a thorough review of the direct-appeal record, the prior PCR proceedings, and

the evidence offered by Grayson in support of his current post-conviction motion, Grayson

has failed to show that there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceedings

would have been different. Chamberlin, 55 So. 3d at 1050 (quoting Mohr, 584 So. 2d at

430).   Therefore, Grayson has failed to show that his trial/appellate counsel rendered

ineffective assistance of counsel. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d
674. Since this claim lacks merit, Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original PCR

proceedings did not prejudice Grayson. Id. This claim does not meet an exception to the

procedural bars and should be dismissed.

        12.    Failure to object to the trial court’s failure to instruct the jury that it
               should consider all mitigation presented, rather than just the statutory
               mitigating circumstances

¶81.    Grayson argues that his trial counsel rendered constitutionally ineffective assistance

of counsel when they failed adequately to instruct the jury regarding the consideration of all

mitigation evidence.      As discussed above, “we cannot conclude that the jury was

unconstitutionally foreclosed from considering all mitigating circumstances.” Berry, 703 So.
2d at 287. Since this claim is without merit, Grayson cannot sustain the required showing of

deficient performance or prejudice to establish a claim of ineffective assistance of

trial/appellate counsel. Walker, 863 So. 2d at 17.

                                               43
¶82.   Since this claim lacks merit, Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original PCR

proceedings did not prejudice Grayson. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L.

Ed. 2d 674. This claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should be

dismissed.

       13.    Failure to object to the trial court’s failure adequately to instruct the
              jury that a life sentence would be a sentence served without parole
              eligibility

¶83.   Grayson argues that his trial counsel rendered constitutionally ineffective assistance

of counsel when they failed adequately to instruct the jury that a life sentence would be served

without parole eligibility. As discussed above, we find that the jury was adequately informed

that a life sentence would be without parole. Since this claim is without merit, Grayson

cannot sustain the required showing of deficient performance or prejudice to establish a claim

of ineffective assistance of trial/appellate counsel. Walker, 863 So. 2d at 17.

¶84.   Since this claim lacks merit, Ryan’s failure to raise this claim in the original PCR

proceedings did not prejudice Grayson. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L.

Ed. 2d 674. This claim does not meet an exception to the procedural bars and should be

dismissed.

       14.    Cumulative prejudice

¶85.   Grayson argues that counsel’s deficient conduct individually and collectively

prejudiced Grayson. He contends that the cumulative effect of these errors requires that he

be granted relief. “In order for there to be a cumulative effect of errors, there must first be

errors.” Loden v. State, 43 So. 3d 365, 394 (Miss. 2010) (quoting Walker, 863 So. 2d at 23).

                                              44
Grayson has failed to prove that he is entitled to any relief on each of his claims individually;

we likewise conclude that Grayson has failed to prove that he is entitled to any relief on such

claims cumulatively.

       Motion for Access

¶86.   Grayson seeks access to his experts for the purpose of evaluation, testing, and any

other purpose reasonably believed by counsel as necessary for the full litigation of his post-

conviction claims. Grayson states that this motion is not a request for funds for expert

assistance. Grayson states that the State Penitentiary at Parchman, Mississippi, where all

prisoners sentenced to death are housed, will not allow any defense expert to visit such a

prisoner without an order allowing the visit from a court with jurisdiction. When the prisoner

seeks such an order, the Mississippi Attorney General’s death-penalty division opposes it.

¶87.   Grayson argues that, without access to his experts, he unfairly will be denied the

opportunity to develop the evidence required to meet his burden of proof in his post-

conviction proceedings, and his rights to due process will be violated. Grayson also argues

that the continued denial of access to his experts hinders his attempts to raise claims in his

federal habeas corpus proceedings, which constitutes the denial of access to courts.

¶88.   Pursuant to the PCR Act, any motion seeking post-conviction collateral relief must

contain “[a] concise statement of the claims or grounds upon which the motion is based,” and

must contain

       (d) A separate statement of the specific facts which are within the personal
       knowledge of the petitioner and which shall be sworn to by the petitioner . . .
       .

                                               45
       (e) A specific statement of the facts which are not within the petitioner's
       personal knowledge. The motion shall state how or by whom said facts will be
       proven. Affidavits of the witnesses who will testify and copies of documents or
       records that will be offered shall be attached to the motion. The affidavits of
       other persons and the copies of documents and records may be excused upon
       a showing, which shall be specifically detailed in the motion, of good cause
       why they cannot be obtained. This showing shall state what the petitioner has
       done to attempt to obtain the affidavits, records and documents, the production
       of which he requests the court to excuse.

Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-9 (Supp. 2012) (emphasis added). If a petitioner fails to support his

motion adequately with evidence, the motion may be summarily dismissed. Miss. Code Ann.

§§ 99-39-11, 99-39-27 (Supp. 2012).11 Any later attempts adequately to support a claim

which previously has been summarily dismissed may be procedurally barred. See, e.g., Miss.

Code Ann. § 99-39-27(9) (Supp. 2012). Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that a

prisoner adequately support the claims raised in his PCR motion with evidence.

¶89.   While the PCR Act does contain a provision allowing discovery, in order to be

permitted limited discovery, the petitioner’s PCR motion already must have survived

summary dismissal. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-15 (Rev. 2007). In death-penalty cases, Rule

22(c)(4)(ii) of the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure states:

       11
          Section 99-39-9(4) of the Mississippi Code states: “If the motion received by the
clerk does not substantially comply with the requirements of this section, it shall be returned
to the petitioner if a judge of the court so directs, together with a statement of the reason for
its return. The clerk shall retain a copy of the motion so returned.” Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-
9(a) (Supp. 2012). Rule 22(a) of the Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure states, in
pertinent part: “If any application fails to comply substantially with the statute, the clerk of
the Supreme Court shall give written notice of the default, appraising the party of the nature
of the deficiency. If the deficiencies are not corrected within thirty days, the application may
be dismissed.” M.R.A.P 22(a). This dismissal would be without prejudice.

                                              46
       Upon appointment of counsel, or the determination that the petitioner is
       represented by private counsel the petitioner's prior trial and appellate counsel
       shall make available to the petitioner's post-conviction counsel their complete
       files relating to the conviction and sentence. The State, to the extent allowed by
       law, shall make available to post-conviction counsel the complete files of all
       law enforcement and prosecutorial agencies involved in the investigation of the
       crimes committed and the prosecution of the petitioner. If the State has a
       reasonable belief that allowing inspection of any portion of the files by
       post-conviction counsel for the petitioner would not be in the interest of justice,
       the State may submit for inspection by the convicting court those portions of
       the files so identified. If upon examination of the files, the court finds that such
       portions of the files could not assist the capital petitioner in investigating,
       preparing, or presenting a motion for post-conviction relief, the court in its
       discretion may allow the State to withhold that portion of the files. Discovery
       and compulsory process may be allowed the petitioner from and after the
       appointment of post-conviction counsel or the determination that the petitioner
       is represented by private counselor or is proceeding pro se, but only upon
       motion indicating the purpose of such discovery and that such discovery is not
       frivolous and is likely to be helpful in the investigation, preparation or
       presentation of specific issues which the petitioner in good faith believes to be
       in question and proper for post-conviction relief, and order entered in the sound
       discretion of the court. Upon determination that the petitioner has elected to
       proceed pro se, such files and discovery shall be made available as provided in
       subsection (2)(iii) above.

M.R.A.P. 22(c)(4)(ii).

¶90.   We have held that PCR proceedings in death-penalty cases are a critical stage of the

death-penalty appeal process at the state level. Jackson, 732 So. 2d at 191. The denial of an

opportunity to present a properly supported motion seeking post-conviction collateral relief

is, in effect, the denial of meaningful access to the courts. Id. at 190; see also Russell, 819
So. 2d at 1177-1180.

¶91.   The State responds to Grayson’s “Motion for Access” by arguing that Grayson is not

entitled to the effective assistance of counsel in PCR proceedings. The State’s argument has

                                               47
been rejected as discussed above. The State makes no other argument in opposition to the

motion for access. Instead, the State responds: “[i]n the event the Court grants the motion,

the respondent respectfully requests that the petitioner be required to comply with the

Mississippi Department of Corrections rules and regulations concerning expert evaluations.

Such compliance would include, but is not limited to, sufficient notice and scheduling during

normal business hours.”

¶92.   Recently, we addressed this issue in Moffett v. State, 2011-DR-00028-SCT (August

31, 2012, order). The order states, in pertinent part:

       As a matter of due process, Moffett should be allowed access to his experts
       subject to the rules and regulations of the MDOC. Because MDOC’s rules and
       regulations presently require a court order, MDOC should be noticed with the
       request for access and afforded an opportunity to show cause why its present
       policies do not violate petitioner’s due process rights.

Id. See also Simmons v. State, 2012-DR-00801-SCT (June 5, 2012, order). We stayed

Moffett’s pending post-conviction collateral relief proceedings “until such time as MDOC is

heard in the proceedings regarding petitioner’s due process claims. . . .” Id. In response to

the order, Moffett and the State entered into an “Agreed Order Allowing Access.” Therefore,

the Mississippi Department of Corrections submitted no argument regarding whether its

present policies violate petitioners’ due-process rights.

¶93.   Prisoners sentenced to death should be granted access to their experts so long as the

access complies with the rules and regulations of the Mississippi Department of Corrections

and so long as those rules and regulations do not violate petitioners’ due-process rights.

Grayson is hereby granted leave to proceed in the circuit court with a motion for access.

                                              48
                                      CONCLUSION

¶94.   PCR petitioners who have been sentenced to death do have a right to the effective

assistance of PCR counsel. Grayson’s counsel in his first PCR proceedings before this Court

rendered deficient performance. However, Grayson has failed to show that this deficient

performance prejudiced him.      Therefore, Grayson’s claim that he received ineffective

assistance of PCR counsel is without merit. Grayson has failed to show that his claims meet

any exceptions to the procedural bars, and his “Motion for Leave to File Successor Petition

for Post-Conviction Relief” is hereby dismissed as procedurally barred.

¶95.   Grayson is hereby granted leave to proceed in the circuit court with a motion for

access. As a matter of due process, Grayson should be allowed access to his experts, subject

to the rules and regulations of the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC). Because

MDOC’s rules and regulations presently require a court order, MDOC should be noticed with

the request for access and afforded an opportunity to show cause why its present policies do

not violate petitioner’s due-process rights.

¶96. MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE SUCCESSOR PETITION FOR POST-
CONVICTION RELIEF IS DISMISSED AS PROCEDURALLY BARRED. LEAVE
TO PROCEED IN THE CIRCUIT COURT WITH A MOTION FOR ACCESS IS
GRANTED.

     WALLER, C.J., RANDOLPH, P.J., KITCHENS, CHANDLER, PIERCE, KING
AND COLEMAN, JJ., CONCUR. DICKINSON, P.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY
WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.

                                               49