Court Opinion

ID: 6283274
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-18 16:37:03.90744+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:00:15.837422
License: Public Domain

Dissenting Opinion by
Montgomery, J.:
I have dissented in this case and would arrest the judgment against defendant for the reasons assigned in defendant’s motion: viz., the weakness of the testimony of the Commonwealth on the commission of the crimes and on the identification of defendant; and, also, on the strength of the alibi testimony.
Certain facts are firmly established, viz., the victim’s husband left home at 5 :10 a.m.; prosecutrix was awakened by a man in her second floor bedroom at 5:15; her room was dark except for the illumination from a clock radio (not described as a light, probably because it was not a light but merely a radiant dial; however, generally a radio light is on only when the radio is playing) ; at 5:21 the intruder left via the cellar; and at 5:25 prosecutrix pounded on the wall to awaken her neighbors and reported that someone was trying to kill her baby (not that she was being assaulted and robbed). The prosecution also developed that defendant was picked up at 5 :30 in front of his home by John Wilson, Sr., who regularly provided him with transportation to his employment as a driver for Bond Bread Company. Mr. Wilson testified further, that at the time he met defendant, the defendant ivas attired in his regular uniform and was fully composed.
Between 5:15, when she was awakened, and 5:20, Avhen the intruder left, or 5:25, Avlien she pounded on the Avail, prosecutrix describes the following incidents as occurring: The intruder awakened her, and Avhen her *231son awakened be cautioned ber to keep quiet and to quiet ber son; be threatened ber with a knife and also threatened ber son with it; be asked ber for money; be ordered ber downstairs, walked downstairs with ber, cautioned ber to look out for and not trip over a wagon at the landing where be lit bis flashlight for the first time and directed its glare to the floor (be thus appears to have been a polite and considerate intruder); they entered the living room, where be pushed ber into a chair (since this was all in the dark, it indicates that be knew bis way around the place); be exposed himself, solicited ber to commit sodomy while talking and using rambling filthy words; on ber refusal, be pulled her from the chair, took off ber nightgown (without tearing it), told ber to lie on the floor, lit bis flashlight again and placed it near ber hip, bad sexual intercourse with ber, and discussed the effects of it with ber; she then resisted him; be jumped up, asked for money, dared ber to call the “cops” and left via the cellar; she then ran upstairs, found ber baby’s rifle on the stairs (presumably still in the dark), went into ber bedroom and pounded on the walls.
The trial judge recognized the short period of time outlined by the prosecutrix and told the jury all the above was completed in six minutes (not eight or nine as calculated and stated in the majority opinion filed in this case).
The additional facts established with reference to the defendant are that from the home of the prosecutrix to bis home requires three minutes walking time and that a call was made from bis home to the Wilson home at 5:28 a.m. to check on bis ride. On this basis, if be were the intruder, be would have bad nine minutes, from 5 :21 to 5:30, to leave prosecutrix in ber living room, go out through the cellar, walk three minutes to bis home, go into bis home, take off bis leather jacket, put on bis uniform coat, if not bis entire uniform, make *232a telephone call, get out onto the sidewalk, and meet his “ride.”
In my opinion, the foregoing is so incredible and impossible that the jury should not have been permitted to pass on it. It is even more fantastic than the evidence in Commonwealth v. Brown, 184 Pa. Superior Ct. 494, 136 A. 2d 138, and Commonwealth v. Balles, 160 Pa. Superior Ct. 148, 50 A. 2d 729, which this Court refused to accept. In fact, in our present case the jury did refuse to accept that part of the testimony relating to the actual rape and acquitted him on that charge.
However, there are other and even stronger reasons for setting aside this sentence. The evidence of identification alone was insufficient to satisfy a jury beyond a reasonable doubt. It depended on the testimony of the prosecutrix and the finding of a leather jacket in defendant’s home. Even in this connection, the jacket found there bore a fur collar, whereas, prosecutrix made no mention of such trimming. Many persons wear leather jackets in January, when this occurred, so that the finding of defendant’s jacket should not have been given so much weight as it apparently received.
The prosecutrix had never seen the defendant before this time. From whatever illumination existed in her bedroom she said that she could only see the shape and color of his face, and his build. The only time there was any other light was at the landing when he played the rays of his flashlight on the floor for an instant, and again when he placed the light on the floor shining into her face. When she charges him with having sexual relations with her, the light was off. She could not identify the leather jacket. Although she testified he talked in a rambling way, she undertook to identify him also by his voice. Her testimony at the trial evidences uncertainty: “TFeZZ, his shape face in general, his nose and his chin; I told them all exactly the same shape face he had.” When asked if she had given the same de*233tails to the police, she said “To the nose and chin, yes, and the longness of the face, and even to the coloring, I conld see the coloring of his face where the light hit it.” This is far from sufficient identification, in my opinion. But an important point is that she made her identification first when defendant was brought to her on the afternoon of the alleged assault. At that time she confronted him in company with two detectives and no other possible suspects. Likewise, when a “standup” was held to enable her to identify him formally, it was after the original identification and in company with other people she had seen and heard before, since they were in the same room with her before the “standup” was held. Under these circumstances, it was all predetermined whom she would identify and nothing was accomplished by the proceeding Although slight evidence on identity, of necessity in many cases, is submitted to juries with proper caution and with particular caution in sex perversion cases, Commonwealth v. Kettering, 180 Pa. Superior Ct. 247, 119 A. 2d 580, it is in the present case, at most, an opinion of a person who was previously unacquainted with the subject and who had very little means of forming an opinion due to darkness existing during almost all of the incident.
When the uncertainties of identification are considered with the fantastic evidence on the commission of the crimes and the strong alibi evidence given by defendant’s brother and other members of the family, who stated defendant had been awakened at 4:45 and that they were in the house with him until he departed for work at 5:30, together with the testimony of Mr. Wilson, that he met him at 5:30, I feel strongly that the uncertainty in the minds of the jury which caused them to acquit on the rape charge should be extended and applied to the other charges as well.
Another factor not previously mentioned which, causes more doubt is that the flashlight and knife used *234by the intruder were not found on the defendant. If he disposed of them, the question might be asked why he did not also conceal the leather jacket that he wore rather than place it conspicuously on a chair in his home.
Although it is not part of the record of the court below, it is disclosed by the briefs that the defendant was subjected to a sodium pentothal (lie-detector) test, the results of ivhich were negative. Although technically it should play no part in this Court’s consideration of the case, nevertheless, feeling as I do about this matter, I feel compelled to make mention of it, in justice to the defendant.