Court Opinion

ID: 9403636
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-06-21 15:07:45.907161+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:08.381372
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 22-1763
                              Filed June 21, 2023

STATE OF IOWA,
     Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

ANTHONY JOSEPH KRON,
     Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Ian K. Thornhill, Judge.

      A defendant convicted of child endangerment and domestic abuse assault

challenges his prison sentence. AFFIRMED.

      Alexander Smith of Parrish Kruidenier Dunn Gentry Brown Bergmann &

Messamer LLP, Des Moines, for appellant.

      Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Olivia D. Brooks, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee.

      Considered by Bower, C.J., and Tabor and Greer, JJ.
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TABOR, Judge.

       “The use of violence is bad. The use of violence against a family is very

bad. And multiple uses of violence over the course of time shows me a pattern.”

So reasoned the district court in rejecting Anthony Kron’s request for a deferred

judgment or suspended sentence on his convictions for domestic abuse and child

endangerment. Kron now appeals his prison sentence, asserting the court abused

its discretion.   Because the court properly weighed the sentencing factors,

highlighting Kron’s criminal history, we affirm.

       In January 2022, Kron yelled at his three-year-old daughter, Z.K., for not

picking up her room. He swore at her and threatened to burn her toys in the yard.

He then picked up Z.K. and threw her into her toy box, injuring her back. When

Z.K.’s mother tried to intervene, Kron assaulted her. The incident was captured

on video.

       The State charged Kron with child endangerment resulting in bodily injury,

a class “D” felony, and domestic abuse assault, a simple misdemeanor. See Iowa

Code §§ 726.6, (4), (7), 708.2A(1), (2)(a) (2022). In August 2022, Kron entered

guilty pleas to those offenses. Two months later, he stood for sentencing. The

prosecution recommended a prison term. It presented a victim impact statement

from Kron’s wife, recounting the emotional damage to their family caused by the

crimes.

       By contrast, the defense sought a deferred judgment or supervised

probation. In his allocution, Kron claimed a “lapse in judgment.” He viewed the

last nine months as “an eyeopener” and professed his devotion “to becoming a

better person and a better father.” He also discussed his own childhood trauma.
                                          3

       But the district court focused on Kron’s two convictions for domestic abuse

assaults in 2005 and an assault causing bodily in 2019. Citing that criminal history,

the court rejected Kron’s appeal for leniency:

       I’ve considered all of the possible sentences, including the requested
       deferred judgment and the requested suspended sentence, but I
       don’t think either one of those is appropriate. I think this defendant
       needs to be held accountable for his offenses by going to prison,
       because he obviously has not gotten the message here over the
       years and continues to victimize his family members.

The court added: “I don’t discount what he’s told me in person, and I hope he truly

feels that way, but his history tells me otherwise, and the conduct in this case tells

me otherwise.” The court sentenced Kron to an indeterminate five-year sentence

on the felony, along with a concurrent term of thirty days for the misdemeanor

offense. Kron appeals that sentence.1

       We review sentencing claims for legal error. State v. Damme, 944 N.W.2d

98, 103 (Iowa 2020). Only an abuse of discretion or a procedural defect will be

cause for vacating a sentence. Id. We find an abuse of discretion when the court

bases its sentencing decision on untenable grounds or the exercise of discretion

is clearly unreasonable. Wilbourn, 974 N.W.2d at 65.

1 Although Kron entered guilty pleas, he has “good cause” under Iowa Code
section 814.6 to appeal from alleged sentencing error. See State v. Wilbourn, 974
N.W.2d 58, 66 (Iowa 2022). We also note Kron did not seek discretionary review
of his simple misdemeanor conviction. See Iowa Code § 814.6(2)(d). But, when
a defendant has improperly sought review of a ruling by filing a notice of appeal
rather than an application for discretionary review, “the case shall not be
dismissed, but shall proceed as though the proper form of review had been
requested.” Iowa R. App. P. 6.108. We treat Kron’s notice of appeal as a request
for discretionary review of his simple misdemeanor conviction and grant the
request. Iowa R. App. P. 6.106.
                                          4

       Kron insists the court acted unreasonably in imposing a prison sentence.

He asserts that he has “gone through great work in order to rehabilitate himself,”

including attending therapy and maintaining full-time employment.             He also

stresses that he has accepted responsibility for his offenses. He objects to the

court’s reliance on his actions from fourteen years earlier. Kron acknowledges the

facts of the case are “indeed disturbing.” But he contends the court turned those

facts into a “sentencing policy” requiring prison time for any violent offenses

against family members.

       True, sentencing courts may not apply a fixed policy in rendering judgment.

State v. Hildebrand, 280 N.W.2d 393, 397 (Iowa 1979) (remanding for

resentencing “without application of a personal, inflexible policy relating to only one

consideration”). But that didn’t happen here. The district court did exercise its

discretion in sentencing Kron.        The court considered all of the relevant

circumstances, including the presentencing investigation, the victim impact

statement, the nature of the offense, Kron’s allocution, and his criminal history.

Then the court emphasized Kron’s violent past. That emphasis was within the

court’s prerogative. See State v. Wright, 340 N.W.2d 590, 593 (Iowa 1983). The

court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing Kron to prison to hold him

“accountable” for his aggressive actions against his family. See State v. Cosby,

No. 19-1056, 2020 WL 2988542, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. June 3, 2020) (finding no

abuse of discretion in rejection of more lenient sentencing options).

       AFFIRMED.