Court Opinion

ID: 4546066
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-07-02 17:11:53.822438+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:50:03.918005
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Hereford, 2020-Ohio-3587.]

                               COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                              EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                 COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

STATE OF OHIO,                                       :

                 Plaintiff-Appellee,                 :
                                                              Nos. 107996 and 108480
                 v.                                  :

DARIUS HEREFORD,                                    :

                 Defendant-Appellant.                :

                                JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

                 JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
                 RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 2, 2020

          Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                    Case Nos. CR-15-600884-A, CR-16-608844-A,
              CR-18-631059-A, CR-18-631844-A, and CR-18-633903-A

                                               Appearances:

                 Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
                 Attorney, and Anna M. Herceg, Assistant Prosecuting
                 Attorney, for appellee.

                 Mark A. Stanton, Cuyahoga County Public Defender, and
                 John T. Martin, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.

ANITA LASTER MAYS, P.J.:

                   In this delayed, consolidated appeal, defendant-appellant Darius

Hereford (“Hereford”) appeals his sentence arising from multiple cases. The release

of this opinion was deferred pending resolution of the determinative opinion in
State v. Howard, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3195. We affirm the trial court’s

judgment.

               On October 27, 2016, Hereford was charged in Cuyahoga C.P.

Nos. CR-15-600884      and   CR-16-608844      for   receiving   stolen    property,

R.C. 2913.51(A), fourth-degree felonies. Hereford pleaded guilty to the amended

charges of attempted receiving stolen property, R.C. 2923.02 and 2913.51(A), fifth-

degree felonies.

               On January 30, 2017, Hereford was sentenced to community control

sanctions (“CCS”) to be served at a community-based control facility (“CBCF”):

      So we’re going to give you that one-year period of supervision by the
      probation department in each of these two case numbers so you’ll be
      doing one thing but it will be satisfying a sentence in each Case
      Number. So you’ll go to the CBCF. * * *

      Now, you’re on a community sentence. If you violate, the Court will
      return you to the courtroom and every time I do that, your — and you’re
      found in violation, I can sentence you all over again. I can keep you on
      the community sentence once you violate if I want to or I can send you
      to prison.

       ***

      If I do send you to prison, I can make it one-year consecutive on each
      of these cases; understood?

(Tr. 35-37.)

               The journal entries document the findings:

      One year of community control on each count, under the supervision
      of the adult probation department’s CBCF unit with the following
      conditions: defendant to abide by all rules and regulations of the
      probation department.

      ***
      Violation of the terms and conditions may result in more restrictive
      sanctions, or a prison term of 1 year(s) as approved by law.

      Should defendant be sentenced to prison on this case, it would be
      served consecutive with case number [CR-16-]608844.

Journal entry No. 97413307 (Jan. 30, 2017), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884. The

sentencing entry in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-16-608884 mirrors Cuyahoga C.P.

No. CR-15-600884 except that it cross-references Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-

600884.

               On June 22, 2017, Hereford failed to return to CBCF while on a work

pass and was later arrested on new charges. On September 4, 2018, Hereford

admitted to the violation in the instant cases. The trial court extended the sanctions

to September 4, 2020.

      So the Court’s going to extend your supervision for a two-year period
      starting today. I’m going to remind you that you still have one- year in
      prison hanging over your head.

      I will remind you that anytime you violate the Court can extend your
      supervision, change terms of supervision, or send you to prison[.]

(Tr. 50-51.)

               The judgment entries provide:

      Court finds defendant Darius Xavier Hereford, to be in violation of
      community control sanctions. Community control is extended to
      09/04/2020. Defendant is continued on supervision in Group D.
      Violation of the terms and conditions may result in more restrictive
      sanctions, or a prison term of 1 year(s) as approved by law. This
      sentence would be served consecutive with CR 608844.
Journal entry No. 105312375 (Sept. 4, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884.

The language in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-16-608844 echoes that of the companion

case.

                Hereford was subsequently charged in three additional cases

Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-18-631059, CR-18-631844, and CR-18-633903. On

November 15, 2018, Hereford enter a global plea agreement:

        Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-631059, obstructing official business,
        R.C. 2921.31(A), fifth-degree felony, sentenced to 12 months at the
        Lorain Correctional Institution, to be served concurrent with the
        sentences in Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-18-631844 and CR-18-633903,
        but consecutive to the sentences in Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-16-608844,
        and CR-15-600884.

        Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-631844 — two counts of aggravated
        menacing, R.C. 2903.21(A), a first-degree misdemeanor, sentenced to
        180 days in county jail for each count, to be served concurrent to each
        other and concurrent to the sentences in Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-15-
        600884, CR-16-608844, CR-18-631059, and CR-18-633903.

        Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-633903, grand theft, R.C. 2913.02(A)(1), a
        fourth-degree felony, sentenced to Lorain Correctional Institution for
        18 months to be served concurrent with Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-
        631059.

                In Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884, Hereford was

        sentenced to the Lorain Correctional Institution for a term of 1 year(s).
        This sentence is to be served consecutive to [the one-year term in]
        Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-16-608844 and also consecutive to the two
        concurrent sentences in Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-18-631059 [12
        months] and CR-18-633903 [18 months]. No jail time credit applies to
        this case as the jail time credit is given in case number Cuyahoga C.P.
        No. CR-16-608844.

Journal entry No. 106326861 (Nov. 15, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884.
              The trial court also terminated the CCS in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-16-

608844, and sentenced Hereford to Lorain Correctional Institution for a term of one

year. “This sentence is to be served consecutive with [Cuyahoga C.P. No.] CR-15-

600884 and consecutive with the two concurrent case numbers [Cuyahoga C.P.

Nos.] CR-18-631059 [12 months] and CR-18-633903 [18 months].” Journal entry

No. 106327053, p. 1 (Nov. 15, 2018). “Defendant to receive jail-time credit for 419

day(s), to date.” Id. Hereford was sentenced to a total of three and one-half years.

               In summary, Hereford was sentenced to:

      Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884: 1 year in prison, consecutive to

      Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-16-608844: 1 year in prison, consecutive to

      Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-631059: 12 months in prison, concurrent
      with CR-18-631844 and CR-18-633903

      Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-631844: 180 days in jail on each count,
      concurrent with each other and concurrent with Cuyahoga C.P. Nos.
      CR-18-631059 and CR-18-633903

      Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-633903: 18 months in prison, concurrent
      with Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-18-631059 and CR-18-631844

Journal entry No. 106326861 (Nov. 15, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-600884,

and journal entry No. 106327053 (Nov. 15, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-15-

608844.

               On April 23, 2019, this court granted Hereford’s motion for leave to

file a delayed appeal and to consolidate cases State v. Hereford, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga

No. 107996, and State v. Hereford, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108480.
               The single assigned error presented for appeal is whether:

      The trial court erred when it imposed a total of two years of
      imprisonment in Cuyahoga C.P. Nos. CR-15-600884 and CR-16-
      608844 when, at the most recent sentencing in those cases, the trial
      court advised that violations of community control sanctions would
      only result in one-year of imprisonment.

               Hereford argues that, under State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134,

2004-Ohio-4746, 814 N.E.2d 837, paragraph two of the syllabus, a trial court must

advise the defendant at the time of sentencing of the specific prison term that can be

imposed for a violation. Hereford also relies on State v. Fraley, 105 Ohio St.3d 13,

2004-Ohio-7110, 821 N.E.2d 995, for the premise that “a sentencing after a

community control sanctions violation is a sentencing ‘anew’” that requires that the

trial court “add prison consequences for any subsequent violation when extending

community control sanctions after the first violation.” Appellant’s brief at p. 4,

quoting Fraley at ¶ 17.

               Hereford does not dispute the legality of the initial community

control sanctions sentence on January 30, 2017, where the transcript and judgment

entries reflect that Hereford was specifically advised:

      Court:       Now, you’re on a community sentence. If you violate, the
                   Court will return you to the courtroom and every time I do
                   that, your — and you’re found in violation, I can sentence
                   you all over again. I can keep you on the community
                   sentence once you violate if I want to or I can send you to
                   prison.

      Hereford: Okay.

      Court:       If I decide to keep you on the community sentence, I can
                   still change it, make it longer, make it tougher.
                   Understood?
      Hereford: Yes.

      Court:       If I do send you to prison, I can make it one year
                   consecutive on each of these cases; understood?

      Hereford: Yes.

(Tr. 36-37.)

                Hereford challenges the trial court’s statements during the first

violation hearing on September 4, 2018:

      So the Court’s going to extend your supervision for a two-year period
      starting today [to September 2020]. I’m going to remind you that you
      still have one year in prison hanging over your head.

      I will remind you that anytime you violate the Court can extend your
      supervision, change terms of supervision, or send you to prison?

(Tr. 50-51.) Hereford was further advised that a conviction on the 2018 pending

cases would result in a new probation violation case. The journal entry states that

violations may result in one-year consecutive sentences in each case.

                At the inception of the hearing, the bailiff called both cases.

Hereford admitted to the violations and the trial court stated that it “finds

[Hereford] in violation of his supervision in these two cases.” (Tr. 40-41.)

                The state counters that Hereford’s alleged error lacks merit because

the trial court provided clarification during the November 15, 2018, hearing:

       Court:      On September 4th, I found him in violation of his
                   community-controlled sanctions in both of these PV case
                   numbers, but that was not done because he picked up
                   these new cases. * * * You were violated in those two
                   probation case numbers, and I resentenced you on
                   September 4th of this year because you didn’t report. * * *
                   And at that time, I extended your supervision for 1 year,
                   and that would take you to September 4th of 2019.
      Hereford:     I remember you saying 2 years.

      State:       One year in each case consecutive to each other for a total
                   of 2 years:

      Counsel:      I have a copy of the journal entry.

       Court:       I do, too, and let me tell you there is no such thing as
                    consecutive community control. So we’re changing those.
                    That’s total error. So I’m going to change this to be 1 year
                    and we’re going to redo these entries. And I also have a
                    status here — excuse me. This consecutive business is
                    saying that he would get consecutive prison sentences. So
                    that’s why the gentleman is talking 2 years. It isn’t that we
                    would keep you under supervision necessarily for 2 years,
                    but if you got sent to prison, you would go for 2 years, 1-
                    year consecutive. When I looked down and saw the 6 year,
                    I misread it.

                    And I also — and I’m being corrected here. Now that I read
                    this carefully, I also extended your community control to
                    September 2020, right?

      Hereford:     Okay, yes, correct.

(Tr. 62-64.)

                This court reviews sentences pursuant to R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), which

states in pertinent part:

      The appellate courts’ standard for review is not whether the sentencing
      court abused its discretion. The appellate court may take any action
      authorized by this division if it clearly and convincingly finds * * *

      (b) That the sentence is * * * contrary to law.

                This court has previously rejected the “overly rigid” construction of

Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134, 2004-Ohio-4746, 814 N.E.2d 837:

      R.C. 2929.15(B) sets forth the options from which the court may choose
      for any violations of the conditions of a community control sanction; it
      states that the sentencing court “may impose a longer time under the
       same sanction,” that it “may impose a more restrictive sanction,” or,
       too, it “may impose a prison term on the offender pursuant to [section]
       2929.14 of the Revised Code.”

State v. Oulhint, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99296, 2013-Ohio-3250, ¶ 11.

               Oulhint was informed at his original sentencing hearing that the trial

court may impose a prison term of up to 18 months that could run consecutively to

any prison term imposed for the offense that caused the violation. Id. at ¶ 15.

Oulhint waived the hearing for his first violation. Oulhint argued that the absence

of language regarding the potential prison sentence in the related journal entry

violated this court’s prior holding in State v. Goforth, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 90653,

2008-Ohio-5596, and State v. Fraley, 105 Ohio St.3d 13, 2004-Ohio-7110, 821

N.E.2d 995, relied on by Hereford in this case. This court distinguished those cases

because those “courts held that no error occurred because the court advised the

defendants at subsequent violation hearings the terms that could be imposed.” Id.

at ¶ 18.

               We determined that Oulhint was advised of the specific term faced

for violating community control sanctions at the initial hearing. “The trial court was

under no duty to readvise him of the possible sentence at subsequent hearings.”

Oulhint, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99296, 2013-Ohio-3250, ¶ 20.

               The decision was further based on our analysis of Fraley and Goforth

in State v. Hodge, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93245, 2010-Ohio-78, where we

determined:
      We construe the holding of the Supreme Court in Fraley narrowly to
      mean that a trial court that fails to notify a defendant of the specific
      penalty he will face upon violation of community control sanctions at
      the initial sentencing, may “cure” that failure at a subsequent violation
      hearing by then advising the defendant of the definite term of
      imprisonment that may be imposed upon any subsequent finding of
      violation. We find nothing in the statute or Fraley that requires a
      legally adequate notification in the first instance be given over and over
      again.

      Finally, Hodge’s citation to State v. Goforth, [8th Dist.] Cuyahoga
      No. 90653, 2008-Ohio-5596, is not persuasive. Goforth argued “that
      the trial court erred in sentencing her to a term of imprisonment
      because the court failed to notify her, at the original sentencing hearing
      or in any judgment entry, of the specific prison term that may be
      imposed for a violation of the conditions of sanctions.” (Emphasis
      added.) Id. at ¶ 10. That is not the case in the matter at bar; Hodge was
      clearly notified by judgment entry at the time of the original sentencing
      that [s]he would be imprisoned for one year if [s]he violated h[er]
      community control sanctions. The language in Goforth that states
      “[a]ccordingly, the trial court erred in imposing a term of
      imprisonment for the community control violation because the trial
      court failed to advise appellant in the judgment entry of the preceding
      sentencing hearing that she would be subject to a specific prison time
      if she violated community control sanctions[,]” is, in short, about the
      necessity of the notice being contained in a judgment entry, not about
      the timing of the notice.

(Emphasis added.) Hodge at ¶ 9-10.

               Progeny of Brooks and Fraley illuminated the conflicting

interpretations of those cases by lower courts. On June 9, 2020, the Ohio Supreme

Court resolved the issue in State v. Howard, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3195.

      In this appeal, we determine whether appellant, John M. Howard,
      received sufficient notice of the specific prison terms that the trial court
      could impose before the court revoked his community-control sentence
      and imposed the prison terms. * * * The Tenth District Court of Appeals
      determined that because the trial court had notified Howard at his
      initial sentencing hearing of the specific prison terms that the court
      could impose if Howard were to violate his community-control
       conditions, it was not required to repeat that notification before it
       imposed the prison terms at a second revocation hearing.

State v. Howard, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3195, ¶ 1.1

                  The court continued:

       In Brooks, we determined that compliance with [R.C. 2929.19(B)(4),
       formerly R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) prior to September 30, 2011] means that
       “a trial court sentencing an offender to a community control sanction
       must, at the time of the sentencing,” as opposed to during a plea
       hearing, for example, “notify the offender of the specific prison term
       that may be imposed for a violation of the conditions of the sanction, as
       a prerequisite to imposing a prison term on the offender for a
       subsequent violation.” See id. at ¶ 29. And “specific prison term”
       means a definite prison term, fixed in months or years, rather than a
       range of time. Id. at ¶ 29-31.

       The statutorily mandated notice regarding the specific prison term that
       the trial court could impose becomes relevant when the offender
       violates his community control. The penalties available to a court
       sentencing an offender for a community-control violation are
       prescribed in R.C. 2929.15(B). One of the possible penalties is a prison
       term. R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c). But pursuant to R.C. 2929.15(B)(3), if the
       court chooses to impose a prison term, the prison term “shall not
       exceed the prison term specified in the notice provided to the offender
       at the sentencing hearing.”

Id. at ¶ 13-14.

                  However,

       [t]hree months after we decided Brooks, we determined that a trial
       court can cure its failure to notify an offender at his initial sentencing
       hearing of the potential, specific prison term if it provides that notice at
       a revocation hearing that occurs before the revocation hearing at which
       the trial court imposes the prison term. State v. Fraley, 105 Ohio St.3d
       13, 2004-Ohio-7110, 821 N.E.2d 995. Here, there is no dispute that
       Howard received proper notice at his initial sentencing hearing of the

       1  The court also addressed the issue of “at what stage a trial court must make the
consecutive-sentences findings required under R.C. 2929.14(C) when the court imposes
consecutive prison sentences following the revocation of community control.” Id. That
issue is not before us.
      specific prison terms he could face if he were to violate his community-
      control conditions. But Howard argues that Fraley requires a trial
      court to repeat the notice at the revocation hearing immediately
      preceding the revocation hearing at which the court imposes the prison
      term.

      ***

      First, unlike Fraley, Howard was properly notified at his initial
      sentencing hearing of the prison terms he could face if he were to
      violate his community control and the potential prison terms did not
      change between his initial sentencing and the second revocation
      hearing at which the court imposed the prison terms. In other words,
      Howard was not convicted of any new offense in the intervening period
      for which additional prison time could have been imposed. He was
      aware throughout the period of his community control that a violation
      could result in consecutive prison terms of 17 and 11 months.

      Second, to accept Howard’s reading of Fraley, we would have to
      conclude that our holding in Fraley was that a trial court must repeat
      the prison-term notification at every revocation hearing in order to
      preserve its ability to sentence an offender to prison for violating
      community control. As we said in Fraley, a court sentencing an
      offender at a revocation hearing “sentences the offender anew and
      must comply with the relevant sentencing statutes.” Fraley, 105 Ohio
      St.3d 13, 2004-Ohio-7110, 821 N.E.2d 995, at ¶ 17. We have since
      affirmed that determination in other contexts. See State v. Heinz, 146
      Ohio St.3d 374, 2016-Ohio-2814, 56 N.E.3d 965, ¶ 15 (acknowledging
      the state’s right to be present at a revocation hearing); State v. Jackson,
      150 Ohio St.3d 362, 2016-Ohio-8127, 81 N.E.3d 1237, ¶ 14 (holding that
      a revocation hearing is a sentencing hearing for purposes of the
      allocution requirements in R.C. 2929.19(A) and Crim.R. 32(A)(1)). But
      Fraley should not be read as imposing any requirement on a sentencing
      court beyond what the relevant sentencing statutes require.

 Howard at ¶ 15, 18-19.

               The court examined “R.C. 2929.19(B) and 2929.15(B), to determine

whether the trial court was required to give Howard notice of the specific prison

terms he could face for an additional violation of his community-control

conditions.” Id. at ¶ 20.
       At Howard’s first revocation hearing, the court extended the term of his
       community control, as it was permitted to do under
       R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(a). No new terms were imposed. In this
       circumstance, neither R.C. 2929.19(B) nor R.C. 2929.15(B) required
       that Howard again receive notice of the specific prison terms he could
       face for a subsequent violation of his community control.

       At Howard’s second revocation hearing, the court imposed the exact
       prison terms that it had provided Howard notice of at his initial
       sentencing hearing. R.C. 2929.15(B)(3) mandates that a prison term
       imposed on an offender following revocation of community control
       “shall not exceed the prison term specified in the notice provided to the
       offender at the sentencing hearing pursuant to division (B)(2) of
       section 2929.19 of the Revised Code.”

Id. at ¶ 21-22.

                  The trial court rejected Howard’s position:

      But Howard’s proposed reading of the statute would require us to add
      language to it prescribing notice of the potential prison term “at the
      sentencing hearing [immediately preceding the one at which
      community control is revoked and a prison sentence is imposed].”
      (Bracketed language represents the proposed added language.) We
      decline to do so. As we explained in Brooks, the purpose of the notice
      requirement in R.C. 2929.19(B)(4) “is to make the offender aware
      before a violation of the specific prison term that he or she will face for
      a violation.” (Emphasis sic.) [State v. Brooks], 103 Ohio St.3d 134,
      2004-Ohio-4746, 814 N.E.2d 837, at ¶ 33.

Id. at ¶ 22.

                  Thus, the court concluded that the statutory purpose was met by

providing “sufficient notice at [Howard’s] initial sentencing hearing of his potential

prison terms.” Id.

       Howard presents no persuasive authority for reading the statutes or
       our caselaw as requiring more. Therefore, we affirm the Tenth District’s
       judgment that the trial court was not required to renotify Howard of his
       potential prison terms before it imposed the prison terms.

Id.
               Hereford was advised at the initial sentencing of the potential prison

terms. “R.C. 2929.15(B)(3) mandates that a prison term imposed on an offender

following revocation of community control ‘shall not exceed the prison term

specified in the notice provided to the offender at the sentencing hearing pursuant

to division (B)(2) of section 2929.19 of the Revised Code.’” Howard at ¶ 22.

               As previously stated, Hereford argues that his stated prison term was

modified to only one year at his second CCS violation hearing; we find that this

argument is misplaced. We find that under the facts of this case, Hereford was

properly advised of his potential prison terms at his initial sentencing.

               The assigned error is overruled.

               The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.

      It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

      The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the

common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.

      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

_________________________________
ANITA LASTER MAYS, PRESIDING JUDGE

LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., and
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J., CONCUR