Court Opinion

ID: 4702045
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-07-08 14:08:59.183841+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:06:22.017707
License: Public Domain

RECORD IMPOUNDED

                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-2325-19

NEW JERSEY DIVISION
OF CHILD PROTECTION
AND PERMANENCY,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

S.S.M.,

          Defendant,

and

M.H.W.,

     Defendant-Appellant.
_________________________

IN THE MATTER OF THE
GUARDIANSHIP OF
M.Z.M., a minor.
_________________________

                   Argued June 22, 2021 – Decided July 8, 2021

                   Before Judges Yannotti and Haas.
            On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
            Chancery Division, Family Part, Essex County, Docket
            No. FG-07-0131-19.

            T. Gary Mitchell, Deputy Public Defender, argued the
            cause for appellant (Joseph E. Krakora, Public
            Defender, attorney; T. Gary Mitchell, of counsel and on
            the briefs).

            Julie B. Colonna, Deputy Attorney General, argued the
            cause for respondent (Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney
            General, attorney; Sookie Bae-Park, Assistant Attorney
            General, of counsel; Julie B. Colonna, on the brief).

PER CURIAM

      Defendant M.H.W., 1 the biological father of M.Z.M. (Mark), born in April

2012, appeals from the April 16, 2020 amended judgment of guardianship

terminating his parental rights to the child. 2    Defendant contends that the

Division of Child Protection and Permanency (Division) failed to prove each

prong of N.J.S.A. 30:4C-15 by clear and convincing evidence.

      The Law Guardian filed a cross-appeal from the judgment on Mark's

behalf. In February 2021, however, the Law Guardian filed a motion to dismiss

1
  We refer to the adult parties by initials, and to the child by a fictitious name
to protect their privacy. R. 1:38-3(d)(12).
2
  The judgment also terminated the parental rights of Mark's biological mother,
S.S.M. However, S.S.M. has not filed a notice of appeal from that determination
and, therefore, she is not a party to this appeal.

                                        2                                   A-2325-19
Mark's cross-appeal, explaining in its motion brief that the child "no longer

wishes to challenge the trial court's decision to terminate his father's parental

rights." The Law Guardian further stated:

             [Mark] is a party to this appeal and his best interests are
             paramount in guardianship proceedings under Title 30.
             He has a right to assert a position in this appeal, and the
             cross-appeal filed on his behalf no longer represents his
             position. The issues addressed in this appeal --
             termination of parental rights and the child's best
             interests -- are the most important issues in [Mark's]
             life.

On March 12, 2021, we granted the Law Guardian's motion to dismiss Mark's

cross-appeal. Thereafter, the Law Guardian submitted a letter stating that Mark

"is taking no position regarding the appeal filed by [defendant] regarding

termination of parental rights entered against him by the trial court . . . ."

      Based on our review of the record and applicable law, we are satisfied that

the evidence in favor of the guardianship petition overwhelmingly supports the

decision to terminate defendant's parental rights.        Accordingly, we affirm

substantially for the reasons set forth by Judge Nora J. Grimbergen in her

thorough and thoughtful written decision rendered on January 28, 2020.

      We will not recite in detail the history of the Division's involvement with

Mark and his parents. Instead, we incorporate by reference the factual findings

                                         3                                       A-2325-19
and legal conclusions contained in Judge Grimbergen's decision. We add the

following comments.

      The Division assumed custody of Mark and his four half-siblings from

their mother, S.S.M., in July 2012, when he was only three months old.

Defendant was not involved with Mark until April 2013, when he was identified

as the child's father. About a year later, defendant expressed an interest in caring

for Mark. At that time, defendant admitted that he was a daily marijuana user

and, therefore, he was referred to the first of many substance abuse programs.

Defendant failed to complete any of these programs. Throughout the years that

followed, defendant periodically tested positive for marijuana use and, on two

occasions, tested positive for phencyclidine. 3

      The Division provided defendant with psychological evaluations and

supervised visits with Mark. After finally putting together a string of negative

drug screen results between March and June 2017, the trial court placed Mark

in defendant's and his wife's custody in July 2017. However, defendant then

tested positive for marijuana and phencyclidine following a court appearance in

3
   Defendant disputed the results of the tests indicating that he had used
phencyclidine.

                                         4                                    A-2325-19
October 2017. A urine screen taken two days later was positive for marijuana,

but negative for phencyclidine.

      Due to defendant's continued drug use, and his failure to attend five of the

six group sessions required by his then-current substance abuse program, the

court removed Mark from defendant's care in April 2018, and placed him with

defendant's wife after ordering defendant to leave the home. However, this

arrangement only lasted until May 2018 because defendant's wife allowed him

to return to the house in violation of the court's order. Mark was then placed in

a resource home.

      The Division explored other placements for Mark, including defendant's

wife, who was ruled out after she failed to complete the resource parent licensing

process. At some point, defendant and his wife separated and defendant advised

the Division he was "homeless." However, defendant subsequently moved in

with his brother. Although defendant had a job and earned "$650 per week after

taxes," he did not take advantage of the referrals the Division gave him to secure

housing appropriate for himself and a child.

      Defendant initially attended most of the visitation sessions the Division

scheduled for him with Mark after the child was removed from defendant's

home. However, defendant missed six visits in late 2018, which greatly upset

                                        5                                   A-2325-19
the child. Defendant then disappeared for a couple of months. When he resumed

contact with the Division in February 2019, defendant stated he had no room for

a child at his brother's home and that he had stopped attending his latest

substance abuse program.

      In June 2019, the Division placed Mark with his current resource parent,

"Ms. B.," who wishes to adopt him. Defendant asserts there is no competent

evidence in the record to support Judge Grimbergen's finding that Ms. B. is

committed to adopting Mark because she did not testify at the trial. However,

Ms. B. testified under oath at a pre-hearing conference on November 13, 2019

that Mark was "doing amazing right now. He's flourishing with us. And he's

doing very good in school, and he's doing very well socially, and I'm willing to

do whatever it takes to, you know, move this forward and have him be with me

forever." (emphasis added). Although given the opportunity to do so by the

judge, defendant's trial attorney did not cross-examine Ms. B.

      Dr. Mark D. Singer, the Division's expert in psychology and bonding,

conducted bonding evaluations between Mark and Ms. B., and Mark and

defendant. Dr. Singer testified that both the resource parent and defendant were

significant figures in Mark's life. Dr. Singer further stated that Mark would

suffer some harm if his tie with either of these individuals was severed.

                                       6                                    A-2325-19
      However, Dr. Singer opined that Ms. B. was Mark's "central parental

figure" and was "functioning as the child's psychological parent." On the other

hand, Dr. Singer concluded that defendant "was not a viable parenting option

nor likely to become one in the foreseeable future." Dr. Singer based this

prognosis upon defendant's inconsistent visits with Mark over the years and

defendant's inability to provide the child with permanency. Indeed, defendant

had no plan for caring for the child other than to suggest that his now-estranged

wife would assist him. However, he had not yet even broached this subject with

his spouse.

      Under these circumstances, Dr. Singer opined that "[t]he totality of the

data suggests that termination of parental rights followed by adoption, would do

more good than harm and would serve the child's best interests." In this regard,

Dr. Singer found that Ms. B. was open to permitting defendant to continue to

maintain contact with Mark, and to arrange for him to see his half-siblings who

were the children of both of his parents. Ms. B. remained committed to this

possibility even though defendant refused to meet with her to discuss these

arrangements when offered two opportunities to do so.

      In rendering his opinion, Dr. Singer took into account the child's statement

to him during the evaluation that he preferred to live "at Daddy's house" because

                                        7                                   A-2325-19
his "brothers are there." Dr. Singer noted that the child would be traumatized if

he were returned to defendant's care and thereafter had to be removed again.

Thus, Dr. Singer concluded that Ms. B., who Mark referred to as "mommy," was

better positioned to ameliorate any harm that might be caused by severing the

child's bond with defendant.

      Defendant did not testify at the two-day trial, but he presented the

testimony of Dr. Andrew P. Brown, III, an expert in psychology and bonding.

Dr. Brown conducted a bonding evaluation of Mark and Ms. B., and opined that

the child was "very comfortable and relaxed" with his resource parent, and "had

a positive attachment" to her.

      Dr. Brown did not perform a bonding evaluation between defendant and

Mark because defendant failed to show up for the scheduled appointment on

three separate occasions. Indeed, Dr. Brown never met or spoke to defendant.

Thus, Dr. Brown conceded he was not able to "able to assess [defendant] at all,"

or draw any conclusions as to his "parenting capacity."

      In spite of this, Dr. Brown opined that defendant had a significant bond

with Mark. Because defendant was the child's biological father, Dr. Brown

stated that only defendant was capable of ameliorating the harm that would

result if Mark's connection to Ms. B. ended. Nevertheless, Dr. Brown did not

                                       8                                   A-2325-19
recommend a "reunification" between defendant and Mark, and did not render

an opinion on when defendant might be able to parent the child.

      Under these circumstances, Judge Grimbergen rejected Dr. Brown's

opinion in favor of the recommendations provided by Dr. Singer. The judge

stated:

                  Dr. Brown's opinion that no one other than a
            biological parent can mitigate harm is entirely
            unsupported in this case as he did not even meet
            [defendant], let alone evaluate him to determine
            whether he meets the criteria for whatever hypothetical
            parent he believes can be the only one to ease the
            damage [Mark] could suffer. He provided no factual
            basis or explanation for his belief that Ms. B[.] could
            not mitigate any harm [Mark] would suffer if the
            attachment to [defendant] was severed. He opined that
            [Mark] has a secure attachment to Ms. B[.] and calls her
            "mommy." It stands to reason that without ever
            evaluating [defendant], Dr. Brown is incapable of
            opining on [defendant's] ability to mitigate harm. Dr.
            Brown himself acknowledged that [defendant] is not
            ready to parent and does not recommend reunification.

      In her extensive opinion, Judge Grimbergen reviewed the evidence

presented at the two-day trial, and concluded that (1) the Division had proven

all four prongs of the best interests test by clear and convincing evidence,

N.J.S.A. 30:4C-15.1(a); and (2) termination of defendants' parental rights was

in Mark's best interests. In this appeal, our review of the trial judge's decision

is limited. We defer to her expertise as a Family Part judge, Cesare v. Cesare,

                                        9                                   A-2325-19
154 N.J. 394, 413 (1998), and we are bound by her factual findings so long as

they are supported by sufficient credible evidence. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family

Servs. v. M.M., 189 N.J. 261, 279 (2007) (citing In re Guardianship of J.T., 269

N.J. Super. 172, 188 (App. Div. 1993)).

      After reviewing the record, we conclude that Judge Grimbergen's factual

findings are fully supported by the record and, in light of those facts, her legal

conclusions are unassailable. We therefore affirm substantially for the reasons

that the judge expressed in her well-reasoned opinion.

      On appeal, defendant asserts that his chronic use of marijuana would

likely now be legal under recent changes in New Jersey law, 4 and his failure to

provide a suitable home for Mark was due to his lack of funds. Defendant also

argues that Division failed to offer him reasonable services to address these

issues. We disagree.

      The record does not support defendant's claim that the judge terminated

his parental rights solely because defendant was violating the law by using

4
   In the New Jersey general election held on November 3, 2020, the voters
adopted a constitutional amendment effective as of January 1, 2021, that
legalized the possession, consumption, and commercialization of cannabis and
products containing it by persons twenty-one years of age or older, but
potentially "subject to regulation by the Cannabis Regulatory Commission."
N.J. Const. art. IV, § 7, ¶ 13.

                                       10                                   A-2325-19
marijuana or because he allegedly could not secure adequate housing due to

poverty. Defendant admitted that he was using marijuana on a daily basis and,

by 2017, was smoking "three blunts per day."          Accordingly, the Division

properly offered him a number of opportunities to participate in substance abuse

programs. Defendant failed to complete any of these programs.

      While defendant did not have a home shortly after he separated from his

wife, he quickly secured shelter with his brother and was netting approximately

$2795 each month from his job.         The Division also referred him to the

appropriate agency to assist him in locating affordable housing for himself and

Mark. Once again, defendant failed to take advantage of this opportunity.

      Thus, the judge terminated defendant's parental rights because he took no

concrete steps to become Mark's permanent caregiver after he was identified as

the child's father in 2013. Instead, defendant missed visits with the child, failed

to attend a bonding evaluation on three different occasions, and refused to meet

with the child's resource parent. Defendant's own expert, Dr. Brown, was not

able to opine that defendant should be reunited with Mark and could not provide

an estimate of when, or if, reunification could occur.

      Children are entitled to a permanent, safe, and secure home.              We

acknowledge "the need for permanency of placements by placing limits on the

                                       11                                    A-2325-19
time for a birth parent to correct conditions in anticipation of reuniting with the

child." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. C.S., 367 N.J. Super. 76, 111

(App. Div. 2004). As public policy increasingly focuses on a child's need for

permanency, "[t]he emphasis has shifted from protracted efforts for

reunification with a birth parent to an expeditious, permanent placement to

promote the child's well-being." Ibid. (citing N.J.S.A. 30:4C-11.1). That is

because "[a] child cannot be held prisoner of the rights of others, even those of

his or her parents. Children have their own rights, including the right to a

permanent, safe and stable placement." Ibid.

      The question then is "whether the parent can become fit in time to meet

the needs of the children." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. F.M., 375 N.J.

Super. 235, 263 (App. Div. 2005); see also N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs.

v. P.P., 180 N.J. 494, 512 (2004) (indicating that even if a parent is trying to

change, a child cannot wait indefinitely). After carefully considering the record,

Judge Grimbergen reasonably determined that defendant was not able to parent

the child, and would not be able to do so for the foreseeable future. Under those

circumstances, we agree with the judge that any further delay of permanent

placement would not be in Mark's best interests.

                                       12                                    A-2325-19
Affirmed.

            13   A-2325-19