Court Opinion

ID: 4592978
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:09:06.007805+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:50:57.927734
License: Public Domain

STOKES MILLING CO., PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.Stokes Milling Co. v. CommissionerDocket No. 20298.United States Board of Tax Appeals14 B.T.A. 950; 1928 BTA LEXIS 2880; December 28, 1928, Promulgated *2880  1.  Value of certain mill property acquired for stock determined for invested capital and depreciation purposes.  2.  Special assessment denied for lack of sufficient evidence showing abnormality.  A. E. Foley, Esq., for the petitioner.  A. H. Fast, Esq., for the respondent.  LANSDON *950  The respondent asserts a deficiency in income and profits tax for the year 1920 in the amount of $2,620.56.  The issues to be determined by the Board are (1) the actual cash value, for invested capital purposes, of certain depreciable and nondepreciable assets paid in for stock at date of the incorporation of petitioner; (2) the cost to the petitioner, for depreciation purposes, of the depreciable assets then and so acquired; and (3) whether the Commissioner erroneously denied special assessment.  FINDINGS OF FACT.  The petitioner is a corporation which was organized on April 18, 1916, for the purpose of acquiring and operating a flour mill.  Its principal place of business is at Watertown, S. Dak.  At the date of its incorporation the petitioner issued its common capital stock of the par value of $100,000, in payment for certain *951  assets then*2881  owned by its five incorporators and which had been acquired by them from the W. H. Stokes Milling Co., a corporation theretofore in the flour-milling business at Watertown for many years.  The properties so acquired were taken into the asset accounts of the petitioner at a total valuation of $216,919.90, segregated as follows: land, $15,000; buildings, $95,888.48; machinery, $106,031.42; and furniture and fixtures, $1,700.  The assets acquired as and when above set forth consisted of the following items: two 50,000 bushel capacity fireproof steel storage a 35,000 bushel capacity grain elevator of brick and steel construction, a fully equipped mill with capacity for a daily output of 1,200 barrels of flour, a 500-horsepower Corbin engine with a battery of four boilers, storage warehouses for flour and by-products, an office with the usual furniture and fixtures, switch trackage into the property on three railroads, two railroad scales, and two city blocks of land with a frontage of 700 feet on a railroad right of way.  The mill property acquired by the petitioner on its incorporation had been operated by the W. H. Stokes Milling Co. for several years.  W. H. Stokes owned many tracts*2882  of land in the neighborhood of Watertown and withdrew funds from the W. H. Stokes Milling Co. for the purpose of financing his land holdings until that concern was wholly without operating capital.  About April 1, 1916, he closed the mill and sold the properties to the incorporators of the petitioner for $50,000 cash.  Before the petitioner could begin the operation of the mill it was necessary for the incorporators to pledge their personal credit at banks in Watertown and Minneapolis in order to secure working capital needed in the amount of approximately $150,000.  In its income and profits-tax return for 1920 the petitioner included the amount of $216,919.90 in the computation of invested capital as the value of property acquired for stock and took a deduction from its income on account of depreciation of property alleged to have cost it $201,999.90.  In the audit of such return the Commissioner reduced the value of the property paid in for stock to $100,000 in his computation of invested capital, and allowed deductions on account of depreciation of assets which he determined had cost the petitioner $85,000.  OPINION.  LANSDON: The controversies over invested capital and the*2883  cost of depreciable assets at issue here both hinge on the actual cash value of the property paid in for stock when the petitioner was incorporated.  *952  The respondent has not held that the provisions of section 331 of the Revenue Act of 1918 are applicable in the determination of the petitioner's invested capital, nor is there any dispute over the rates of depreciation.  The statutory provisions for the computation of invested capital applicable here are set forth in the Revenue Act of 1918, as follows: SEC. 326. (a) That as used in this title the term "invested capital" for any year means (except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c) of this section): (1) Actual cash bona fide paid in for stock or shares; (2) Actual cash value of tangible property, other than cash, bona fide paid in for stock or shares, at the time of such payment, but in no case to exceed the par value of the original stock or shares specifically issued therefor, unless the actual cash value of such tangible property at the time paid in is shown to the satisfaction of the Commissioner to have been clearly and substantially in excess of such par value, in which case such excess shall be treated*2884  as paidin surplus * * * In support of its contention as to the value of the property paid in for stock at the date of incorporation the petitioner relies on the testimony of one James H. Hammill, who has been a practicing mill engineer for 38 years.  As evidence of his qualification to form an opinion of the value of mill properties this witness testified that he designed a 4,000-barrel capacity mill for the Pillsburys of Minneapolis, three mills of 3,000-barrel capacity for Quaker Oats at Cedar Rapids, a 2,000-barrel mill at Ontario, two 1,000-barrel mills at Ogden, and one at Spokane, and redesigned 12,000 and 6,000 barrel capacity mills at Washburn and Marmel; that he has designed, built and started the operation of many mills; and that he has appraised the plants of the Larrabee Milling Co., Wellington, Hutchinson, St. Joseph, and Sioux Falls, and several mills for fire-loss purposes at Jackson, Scandia, and Greensburg; that he has sold and installed flour-milling machinery from coast to coast; that he is frequently called on to readjust interior mill arrangements.  During the operation of the property in question by the predecessor of the petitioner, which he has known for about*2885  16 years, he was called on three or four times a year for the purpose of making adjustments required by changes of the types of milling wheat and other conditions.  He installed most of the machinery of the Stokes mill and at one time operated it for several days.  In the opinion of Hammill the mill buildings of the petitioner had a value of at least $100,000 at April 1, 1916, and at the same date the installed machinery and equipment had a value of $120,000.  He based his opinion on his information and experience as a mill engineer, from which he concludes that the *953  buildings necessary to the successful operation of a 1,000-barrel mill cost $100 and the machinery and equipment $120 per barrel capacity, respectively.  It appears that the Commissioner accepted neither the book value nor the cost of the assets to the prior owners as his basis for the computation of invested capital, but based his determination on the par value of the stock issued for the property.  The sale of the mill by Stokes to the incorporators for $50,000 cash does not appear to have been an arm's-length transaction.  Stokes was losing money in the operation of the property.  He needed cash for use*2886  in his deals in real estate.  He was old and anxious to be relieved of the responsibilities and labors incident to the operation of a large manufacturing plant.  One of the vendees had been secretary of the old corporation; another, W. H. Stokes, Jr., was a near relative.  In these circumstances we can not hold that the sale of the property for $50,000 in cash is conclusive evidence of its actual cash value.  On the other hand, it seems unlikely that it appreciated so much in the hands of the vendees that it was worth more than $200,000 a few days later.  That it was worth more to the group of active business men who acquired it and had the credit necessary to secure operating capital than it was in the hands of Stokes is certain, but that it was worth four times the purchase price is very doubtful.  The Commissioner has allowed an appreciation of 100 per cent over the purchase price.  The expert witness testified to cost of reproduction rather than to actual cash value.  In all the circumstances we are of the opinion that the record here fails to overcome the presumption that the Commissioner's computation of invested capital was correct.  The petitioner is entitled to depreciation*2887  on the cost of assets acquired subsequent to March 1, 1913.  The assets in question were purchased for stock in 1916.  The effect of our decision approving the Commissioner's computation of invested capital is to determine that the stock was worth par, or $100, per share.  Its depreciable assets, therefore, cost the petitioner $85,000, and on that basis, at rates not in dispute, it is entitled to annual deductions from income on account of depreciation.  On this issue the respondent is affirmed.  The evidence adduced by the petitioner shows no abnormality in income or invested capital in the year 1920 and, therefore, the Commissioner's refusal to compute the tax liability for such year, in conformity with section 328 of the Revenue Act of 1918 is approved.  Decision will be entered for the respondent.