Court Opinion

ID: 9958733
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-09 20:10:13.973884+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:18:39.692379
License: Public Domain

Williams v Mount Sinai St. Luke's
               2024 NY Slip Op 31091(U)
                      April 1, 2024
           Supreme Court, New York County
        Docket Number: Index No. 805096/2023
                  Judge: John J. Kelley
Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip
 Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York
 State and local government sources, including the New
  York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.
 This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official
                       publication.
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 04/01/2024 04:44 PM                                                INDEX NO. 805096/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 35                                                                       RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

                             SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
                                       NEW YORK COUNTY
            PRESENT:        HON. JOHN J. KELLEY                              PART                              56M
                                                                   Justice
            -------------------X                                             INDEX NO.           805096/2023
             JOMO M. WILLIAMS, as Administrator of the Estate of
             GLORIA WILLIAMS, deceased,                                      MOTION DATE          11/08/2023

                                              Plaintiff,                     MOTION SEQ. NO.          003

                                        -v-
                                                                               DECISION + ORDER ON
             MOUNT SINAI ST. LUKE'S and THE NEW JEWISH HOME,
                                                                                     MOTION
                                              Defendants.
           -------------------X

            The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 003) 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
            28, 30,31, 32, 33, 34
            were read on this motion to/for                                   DISMISSAL

                   In this action to recover damages for medical malpractice, wrongful death, and negligent

           hiring and supervision, the defendant Mount Sinai St. Luke's (Mount Sinai} moves pursuant to

           CPLR 3211 (a} to dismiss the complaint insofar as asserted against it as time-barred (CPLR

           3211 [a][5]}, and for failure to state a cause of action (CPLR 3211 [a][7]}. The plaintiff opposes

           the motion. The motion is granted to the extent that the wrongful death cause of action is

           dismissed as time-barred insofar as asserted against Mount Sinai, and the motion is otherwise

           denied. The defendant The New Jewish Home (NJH}, which answered the complaint, purported

           to "join in" Mount Sinai's motion, as set forth in papers served and filed on the same date as the

           plaintiff's opposition papers. Since NJH did not expressly move for relief as to itself, the court

           declines to grant any such relief to NJH (see generally Wimbledon Fin. Master Fund, Ltd. v

           Las/op, 169 AD3d 550, 551 [1st Dept 2019) [motion court has discretion as to whether or not to

           consider affirmative request for relief set forth only in opposition papers, even in the absence of

           a formal cross motion or separate motion]}.

            805096/2023 WILLIAMS, JOMO M. vs. MOUNT SINAI ST. LUKE'S ET AL                        Page 1 of6
            Motion No. 003

[* 1]                                                       1 of 6
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 04/01/2024 04:44 PM                                                    INDEX NO. 805096/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 35                                                                          RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

                   In the first instance, the court notes that, although Mount Sinai previously had made a

           CPLR 3211 (a) motion to dismiss the complaint against it based on the plaintiff's alleged lack of

           capacity, it withdrew that motion. Thus, although CPLR 3211 (e) only permits a defendant to

           make one motion pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a}, "once a preanswer motion is withdrawn, CPLR

           3211 (e} contains no prohibition against the same party subsequently moving for ... relier

           pursuant to CPLR 3211(a} (Klein v Gutman, 12 AD3d 417,418 [2d Dept 2004]).

                   To secure dismissal of the complaint as time-barred, Mount Sinai had the initial burden

           of establishing that the action was commenced after the expiration of relevant limitations period.

           If Mount Sinai satisfies its initial burden in this regard, the plaintiff is obligated to raise a question

           of fact as to whether the statute of limitations was tolled or was otherwise inapplicable, or

           whether he actually commenced the action within the applicable limitations period (see Williams

           v New York City Health & Hasps. Corp., 84 AD3d 1358, 1359 [2d Dept 2011]}.

                   The plaintiff's decedent died on October 19, 2020, which also was the last date that any

           defendant provided medical treatment to the decedent. The plaintiff commenced this action on

           March 22, 2023. The limitations period applicable to causes of action to recover for wrongful

           death is two years from the date of the decedent's death (see EPTL 5-4.1[1]}. Hence, the

           limitations period applicable to the wrongful death cause of action normally would have expired

           on October 19, 2022. Contrary to the plaintiff's contention, although the COVID-19 toll extended

           his time to interpose his wrongful death cause of action by 15 days, the toll does not save his

           wrongful death cause of action from dismissal.

                   In accordance with L 2020, ch 23, § 2 (eff Mar. 3, 2020), the Legislature amended

           Executive Law § 29-a to authorize the Governor to issue, by executive order, any directive

           necessary to respond to the state disaster emergency arising from the COVID-19 pandemic,

           including a declaration that all statutory periods for the service and filing of papers in legal

           actions were tolled. On March 20, 2020, the Governor, pursuant to that authority, issued

           Executive Order (EO} 202.8, which provided, in relevant part:
            805096/2023 WILLIAMS, JOMO M. vs. MOUNT SINAI ST. LUKE'S ET AL                            Page 2 of 6
            Motion No. 003

                                                            2 of 6
[* 2]
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 04/01/2024 04:44 PM                                                     INDEX NO. 805096/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 35                                                                           RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

                           "In accordance with the directive of the Chief Judge of the State to limit court
                           operations to essential matters during the pendency of the COVI D-19 health
                           crisis, any specific time limit for the commencement, filing, or service of any legal
                           action, notice, motion, or other process or proceeding, as prescribed by the
                           procedural laws of the state, including but not limited to ... the civil practice law
                           and rules . . . , or by any other statute, local law, ordinance, order, rule, or
                           regulation, or part thereof, is hereby tolled from the date of this executive order
                           until April 19, 2020."

           (emphasis added). The terms of that EO, including the tolling deadlines set forth therein, were

           extended 13 times between March 20, 2020 and October 4, 2020. On October 4, 2020, the

           Governor issued EO 202.67, providing for a final extension of the tolling deadline until

           November 3, 2020, with the toll no longer in effect as of November 4, 2020 (see Brash v

           Richards, 195 AD3d 582 [2d Dept 2021] [explicitly concluding that the executive orders

           effectuated a toll and not a mere suspension of filing deadlines]). "A toll suspends the running

           of the applicable period of limitation for a finite time period, and '[t]he period of the toll is

           excluded from the calculation of the [relevant time period]"' (id. at 582, quoting Chavez v

           Occidental Chem. Corp., 35 NY3d 492, 505, n 8 [2020]; see Landwehrle v Bianchi, 2022 NY

           Slip Op 50649[U], *2, 2022 NY Misc LEXIS 3094, *5 [Sup Ct, N.Y. County, Jun.24.2022]

           [Kelley, J.]; Pollock v Rengasamy, 2022 NY Slip Op 22160, *5, 2022 NY Misc LEXIS 2154, *10

           [Sup Ct, Washington County, May 18, 2022]).

                  The wrongful death cause of action only accrued when the plaintiff's decedent died on

           October 19, 2020, a date on which the toll still was in effect. Consequently, the toll that must be

           applied to the wrongful death cause of action ran from October 20, 2020, the first day after her

           death, until November 3, 2020, the last day of the toll, a period of 15 days, and the plaintiff was

           required to interpose the wrongful death cause of action on or before November 3, 2022. He

           cannot tack on, retroactively, the 214 days from March 20, 2020 until October 19, 2020, since

           the limitations period applicable to his wrongful death cause of action had yet even to

           commence during that period of time. Inasmuch as the plaintiff interposed the wrongful death

            805096/2023 WILLIAMS, JOMO M. vs. MOUNT SINAI ST. LUKE'S ET AL                            Page 3 of 6
            Motion No. 003

[* 3]                                                       3 of 6
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 04/01/2024 04:44 PM                                               INDEX NO. 805096/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 35                                                                      RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

           cause of action against Mount Sinai on March 22, 2023, that cause of action must be dismissed

           against Mount Sinai as time-barred.

                   The statute of limitations applicable to actions to recover for medical malpractice against

           a private health-care provider is 2½ years, measured from "the act, omission or failure

           complained of or last treatment where there is a continuous treatment for the same illness,

           injury or condition which gave rise to the said act omission or failure" (CPLR 214-a). Hence, if

           Mount Sinai provided treatment to the plaintiff up to and including October 19, 2020, the

           limitations period applicable to the medical malpractice cause of action normally would have

           expired on April 19, 2023, would have been extended an additional 15 days pursuant to the toll,

           or until May 4, 2023, and the medical malpractice cause of action would have been timely

           interposed when this action was commenced on March 22, 2023. Similarly, the limitations

           period applicable to cause of action to recover for negligent hiring and supervision is three years

           from the date of the underlying tortious conduct that formed the basis for the related tort claim

           (see Green v Emmanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, 278 AD2d 132, 132-133 [1st Dept

           2000]). Hence, to the extent that Mount Sinai may be held liable for medical malpractice in the

           first instance, the limitations period applicable to that cause of action, which normally would

           have expired on October 19, 2023, was extended by the COVID-19 toll until November 3, 2023.

                   In an affidavit, Mount Sinai's Administrative Director of Health Information Management,

           Michael Huston, averred that his review of Mount Sinai's records reflected that the plaintiff was

           treated over the years at Mount Sinai beginning on September 11, 2007, and was last seen by,

           and discharged from, Mount Sinai on August 7, 2020. Hence, Mount Sinai argues that the

           medical malpractice cause of action against it had to be interposed no later than 2½ years after

           that date, or by February 7, 2023. Contrary to its contention, however, even if August 7, 2020

           were the final day that it rendered treatment to the decedent, the COVID-19 toll applicable to

           that cause of action would save it from dismissal, since the limitations period was tolled for 88

           days--from August 7, 2020 until November 3, 2020---permitting the plaintiff to commence the
            805096/2023 WILLIAMS, JOMO M. vs. MOUNT SINAI ST. LUKE'S ET AL                       Page 4 of 6
            Motion No. 003

                                                            4 of 6
[* 4]
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 04/01/2024 04:44 PM                                                  INDEX NO. 805096/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 35                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

           action on or before May 8, 2023, the first business date after the tolling period is added to the

           regular limitations period (see General Construction Law§ 25-a). Hence, the plaintiff's

           commencement of this action on March 22, 2023 rendered it timely as to the medical

           malpractice cause of action asserted against Mount Sinai. In any event, in opposition to Mount

           Sinai's motion, the plaintiff submitted Mount Sinai's own records, which revealed that his

           decedent had scheduled a follow-up appointment with Mount Sinai neurologist E. John

           Nasrallah, M.D., for October 14, 2020, that she presumably attended it and, thus, she was still

           under Mount Sinai's care at least until that date.

                   Moreover, employing August 7, 2020 date as the date from which the limitations period

           against Mount Sinai began to run, the cause of action to recover for negligent hiring and

           supervision would have expired August 7, 2023, even before the tolling period is taken into

           account; hence, that cause of action was interposed in a timely fashion.

                   When assessing the adequacy of a pleading in the context of a motion to dismiss under

           CPLR 3211 (a){7), the court's role is "to determine whether [the] pleadings state a cause of

           action" (511 W 232nd Owners Corp. v Jennifer Realty Co., 98 NY2d 144, 151-152 [2002]). To

           determine whether a claim adequately states a cause of action, the court must "liberally

           construe" it, accept the facts alleged in it as true, accord it "the benefit of every possible

           favorable inference" (id. at 152; see Romanello v Intesa Sanpaolo, S.p.A., 22 NY3d 881 [2013];

           Simkin v Blank, 19 NY3d 46 [2012]), and determine only whether the facts, as alleged, fit within

           any cognizable legal theory (see Taxi Tours, Inc. v Go New York Tours, Inc., ---"NY3d,_ _

           2024 NY Slip Op 01333, *1-2, 2024 NY LEXIS 271, *1-2 [Mar. 14, 2024]; Hurrell-Harring v State

           of New York, 15 NY3d 8 [2010]; Leon v Martinez, 84 NY2d 83 [1994]; Weil, Gotshal & Manges,

           LLP v Fashion Boutique of Short Hills, Inc., 10 AD3d 267 [1st Dept 2004]; CPLR 3026). "The

           motion must be denied if from the pleading's four corners factual allegations are discerned

           which taken together manifest any cause of action cognizable at law" (511 W 232nd Owners

            805096/2023 WILLIAMS, JOMO M. vs. MOUNT SINAI ST. LUKE'S ET AL                          Page 5of6
            Motion No. 003

[* 5]                                                       5 of 6
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 04/01/2024 04:44 PM                                                    INDEX NO. 805096/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 35                                                                             RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

           Corp. v Jennifer Realty Co., 98 NY2d at 152 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Leon v

           Martinez, 84 NY2d at 87-88; Guggenheimer v Ginzburg, 43 NY2d 268 [19771).

                   Where, however, the court considers evidentiary material beyond the complaint, as it

           does here, the criterion becomes "whether the proponent of the pleading has a cause of action,

           not whether he [or she] has stated one" (Guggenheimer v Ginzburg, 43 NY2d at 275), but

           dismissal will not eventuate unless it is "shown that a material fact as claimed by the pleader to

           be one is not a fact at all" and that "no significant dispute exists regarding it" (id.). Nonetheless,

           "conclusory allegations-claims consisting of bare legal conclusions with no factual specificity-

           are insufficient to survive a motion to dismiss" (Godfrey v Spano, 13 NY3d 358, 373 [20091).

           Here, the plaintiff clearly asserted facially valid causes of action to recover against Mount Sinai

           for medical malpractice and negligent hiring and supervision, and there is a significant dispute

           regarding whether Mount Sinai provided the "medical care or treatment at issue" in this action,

           and whether it had a physician-patient relationship with the decedent during the time

           complained of.

                   Accordingly, it is,

                   ORDERED that the motion is granted to the extent that the wrongful death cause of

           action is dismissed insofar as asserted against the defendant Mount Sinai St. Luke's, and the

           motion is otherwise denied.

                   This constitutes the Decision and Order of the court.

                    4/1/2024
                     DATE

                                     ~
            CHECK ONE:                   CASE DISPOSED                       NON-FINAL DISPOSITION
                                         GRANTED         □ DENIED            GRANTED IN PART         □ OTHER
            APPLICATION:                 SETTLE ORDER                        SUBMIT ORDER
            CHECK IF APPROPRIATE:        INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN          FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT   □ REFERENCE

            805096/2023 WILLIAMS, JOMO M. vs. MOUNT SINAI ST. LUKE'S ET AL                            Page 6of6
            Motion No. 003

[* 6]                                                       6 of 6