Court Opinion

ID: 4215901
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-10-30 14:11:41.129248+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:42:01.476164
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                      APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
     This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court."
      Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the
        parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                       SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                       APPELLATE DIVISION
                                       DOCKET NO. A-2168-15T3

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

        Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

VICTOR SANCHEZ,

     Defendant-Appellant.
___________________________________

              Submitted September 18, 2017 – Decided October 30, 2017

              Before Judges Sabatino and Ostrer.

              On appeal from the Superior Court of New
              Jersey, Law Division, Essex County, Indictment
              No. 10-09-2073.

              Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney
              for appellant (Alan I. Smith, Designated
              Counsel, on the brief).

              Robert D. Laurino, Acting Essex County
              Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (LeeAnn
              Cunningham, Special Deputy Attorney General/
              Acting Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and
              on the brief).

PER CURIAM

        Defendant appeals from the denial of his post-conviction

relief (PCR) petition without an evidentiary hearing.                  After five
days of testimony by seventeen witnesses in his trial for murder,

defendant entered a negotiated plea to aggravated manslaughter and

weapons possession, and received an aggregate twenty-five-year

sentence, pursuant to the No Early Release Act, N.J.S.A. 2C:43-

7.2.    He contends that he would have accepted the State's pre-

trial plea offer of a twenty-year term, but for his attorney's

ineffective assistance.    We affirm.

       We review de novo the PCR judge's legal conclusions, as well

as factual inferences drawn from the documentary record absent a

plenary hearing.    State v. Harris, 181 N.J. 391, 420-21 (2004),

cert. denied, 545 U.S. 1145, 125 S. Ct. 2973, 162 L. Ed. 2d 898

(2005). A defendant is entitled to effective assistance of counsel

in deciding to accept or reject a plea offer.     Lafler v. Cooper,

566 U.S. 156, 168, 132 S. Ct. 1376, 1387, 182 L. Ed. 2d 398, 410

(2012).    We apply the two-pronged Strickland test and determine

whether the record reveals that defendant's trial counsel was

ineffective, and that defendant suffered resulting prejudice.     See

Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed.
2d 674 (1984); State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42, 58 (1987).

       A defendant who asserted that attorney ineffectiveness caused

him to reject a favorable plea offer and take a second, less

favorable one, had to show prejudice by demonstrating that but for

counsel's errors, he would have accepted the first plea offer and

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the court would have approved it also.       Missouri v. Frye, 566 U.S.

at 134, 148, 132 S. Ct. at 1410, 182 L. Ed. 2d at 392 (2012).              A

defendant who claimed ineffective advice led him to reject a plea

offer and instead stand trial, had to show a reasonable probability

he would have accepted the plea and the court would have done so

as well.   Lafler, supra, 566 U.S. at 164, 132 S. Ct. at 1385, 182

L. Ed. 2d at 407.

     Although defendant here ultimately entered a plea mid-trial,

his petition focuses on his pre-trial decision to go to trial,

rather than plead guilty.      He claims he would have accepted the

twenty-year offer had his attorney disclosed to him a restaurant's

surveillance recording that allegedly placed him at the scene

before the homicide.      His bald assertion does not establish a

prima facie showing of prejudice.        See State v. Cummings, 321 N.J.

Super. 154, 170 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 162 N.J. 199 (1999).

     The   State    alleged   that   defendant    was   involved   in     an

altercation with the victim outside the restaurant.           Some time

later, defendant returned wearing a face mask and fatally shot the

victim.    The State presented eyewitnesses to both incidents.

Although defendant's mask obscured part of his face, the victim's

brother identified defendant as the killer, and quoted the victim's

dying declaration that defendant shot him.       Other witnesses to the

shooting could not discern the shooter's face, but were able to

                                     3                             A-2168-15T3
identify his clothing.   A video of the shooting likewise depicted

the shooter's clothing, but not his face.

     At the start of the trial, both the prosecutor and trial

counsel were unaware that an extended recording of the area outside

the restaurant, covering the time period of the altercation, was

disclosed to the first defense counsel. After trial counsel cross-

examined an officer who obtained that recording, the prosecutor

obtained another copy and disclosed it to trial counsel.         At that

point, trial counsel sought a mistrial, arguing that the recording

corroborated the testimony of the witnesses whose credibility he

challenged in his opening. Trial counsel also conceded he recently

discovered the overlooked recording in his predecessor's file.

     The court denied the motion.     Among other reasons, the judge

stated, based on his review of the recording, there was "no clear

. . . showing or indication that a fight, in fact, occurred, let

alone that the defendant participated or was a participant in this

so-called fight or alleged fight."

     Shortly   thereafter,   defendant   agreed   to   plead   guilty   to

aggravated manslaughter with a possible twenty-five-year sentence.

During his plea colloquy, defendant stated he was satisfied with

his trial counsel's representation of him.             He registered no

complaint about his attorney's failure to discover the recording

                                  4                              A-2168-15T3
in his predecessor's file, although that oversight was already

disclosed.

     We may assume that trial counsel was ineffective, by failing

to discover the recording in his predecessor's file, and by failing

to review it with defendant.       See State v. Arthur, 184 N.J. 307,

332 (2005) (stating that a defense attorney has a duty to conduct

"appropriate pretrial investigation").         However, defendant has

failed to demonstrate the second necessary element of prejudice.

He failed to show that the recording was so devastating that, had

defendant reviewed it before trial, it would have tipped the

balance, and propelled him to plead guilty and accept a twenty-

year sentence, whereas the evidence that he already knew was

arrayed against him would not.

     A court should not upset a conviction "solely because of [a

defendant's] post hoc assertions . . . about how he would have

pleaded but for his attorney's deficiencies."             Lee v. United

States, 582 U.S. ___, ___, 137 S. Ct. 1958, 1967, 198 L. Ed. 2d
476, 487 (2017).     Rather, a court must consider "contemporaneous

evidence to substantiate a defendant's expressed preferences."

Ibid.    Defendant    here   has   not   provided   us   with   the     cited

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recording.1   Therefore, we are obliged to accept the trial judge's

characterization that it showed no fight at all.             We may assume

the   recording   bolstered   the    State's   case    and    corroborated

eyewitnesses, by placing defendant at the scene earlier in the

day, identifiable by clothing that is visible in the subsequent

recording of the homicide.      However, defendant has not provided

us with the discovery he did review, to enable us to judge the

relative significance of the recording.

      A   non-citizen,   defendant   faced   the   prospect    of   certain

deportation if convicted.      He may have decided to go to trial

because a slight chance of acquittal and avoiding deportation was

better than none, even if a trial risked a longer sentence than

he would get pleading guilty.        See Lee, supra, 582 U.S. at ___,

137 S. Ct. at 1966-67, 198 L. Ed. 2d at 486 (recognizing the

rational basis for such a defense strategy).          It is of no moment

that after five days of trial, defendant recalculated and decided

to plead guilty in return for the promise of a twenty-five-year

1
  An appendix "shall contain . . . such other parts of the record
. . . as are essential to the proper consideration of the issues."
R. 2:6-1(a)(1).   Failure to supply documents "essential to the
proper consideration of the issues hinders our appellate review."
Johnson v. Schragger, Lavine, Nagy & Krasny, 340 N.J. Super. 84,
87 n.3 (App. Div. 2001). We are not "obliged to attempt review
of an issue when the relevant portions of the record are not
included." Cmty. Hosp. v. Blume Goldfaden, 381 N.J. Super. 119,
127 (App. Div. 2005).

                                     6                              A-2168-15T3
term.   Our focus is on the pre-trial decision.   Defendant presents

us with an insufficient showing of prejudice — that is, that it

is reasonably probable that he would have accepted the twenty-year

plea offer, but for his trial counsel's ineffective assistance.

     Defendant's remaining arguments lack sufficient merit to

warrant discussion in a written opinion.   R. 2:11-3(e)(2).

     Affirmed.

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