Court Opinion

ID: 4367006
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-02-12 17:01:22.230397+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:22:02.829701
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                  United States Court of Appeals
                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS         Tenth Circuit

                         FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                     February 12, 2019
                       _________________________________
                                                                  Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                      Clerk of Court
    JOHN PATRICK FLETCHER,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,
                                                      No. 18-1253
    v.                                       (D.C. No. 1:17-CV-02751-LTB)
                                                       (D. Colo.)
    INMATE BANK; STATE
    CONTROLLER; TANYA
    WHITNEY; UNKNOWN PRISON
    OFFICIALS; RICK RAEMISCH,

          Defendants-Appellees.
                     _________________________________

                          ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
                       _________________________________

Before BACHARACH, PHILLIPS, and EID, Circuit Judges.
               _________________________________

         Mr. John Patrick Fletcher brought this suit to challenge Colorado’s

banking system for inmates. In his first amended complaint, Mr. Fletcher

asserted 23 claims. On screening, the magistrate judge determined that the

complaint violated Fed. R. Civ. P. 8, explaining nine separate defects.

*
     Mr. Fletcher does not seek oral argument, so we have decided the
appeal based on the briefs. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); Tenth Cir. R.
34.1(G).

     This order and judgment does not constitute binding precedent except
under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel.
But our order and judgment may be cited if otherwise appropriate. See Fed.
R. App. P. 32.1(a); Tenth Cir. R. 32.1(A).
Given these defects, the magistrate judge ordered Mr. Fletcher to file a

second amended complaint. Mr. Fletcher complied, but the district judge

dismissed both the second amended complaint and the entire action,

concluding that the new version of the complaint still didn’t comply with

Rule 8. 1 Mr. Fletcher asserts four grounds for appeal; none is meritorious,

so we affirm the dismissal.

      Mr. Fletcher first challenges the constitutionality of 42 U.S.C.

§ 1997e(e). This statute restricts recovery for mental or emotional damages

absent a physical injury. But the district court did not dismiss the second

amended complaint or the action based on § 1997e(e). This challenge lacks

any bearing on the district court’s reasons for dismissal.

      As his second argument on appeal, Mr. Fletcher insists that he had a

protected liberty interest in avoiding “criminal victimization.” But the

district court did not dismiss the second amended complaint or the action

based on the absence of a liberty interest. So this argument lacks any

bearing on the district court’s reasons for dismissal.

1
      The dismissal was without prejudice. This kind of dismissal would
not ordinarily constitute a final decision. Amazon, Inc. v. Dirt Camp, Inc.,
273 F.3d 1271, 1275 (10th Cir. 2001). Here, though, the district court
dismissed not only the second amended complaint but also the action itself.
By terminating the action, the court issued a final decision. See Coffey v.
Whirlpool Corp., 591 F.2d 618, 620 (10th Cir. 1979) (per curiam) (stating
that a dismissal without prejudice is a final appealable order when the
district court “intended to dispose of the cause of action”).
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      Mr. Fletcher’s third appeal point attacks the validity of Local Civil

Rule 8.1. This local rule requires the district court to screen complaints

filed by prisoners and other claimants who proceed in forma pauperis.

Even without the local rule, however, the district court would need to

screen the complaint. See Prison Litigation Reform Act, 28 U.S.C.

§§ 1915(e)(2)(B), 1915A(a).

      Mr. Fletcher suggests that the district court went beyond these

statutes by screening for compliance with Rule 8. But the court can review

compliance with Rule 8 through another rule: Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b).

Nasious v. Two Unknown B.I.C.E. Agents, 492 F.3d 1158, 1161–62

(10th Cir. 2007) (Gorsuch, J.). And the court can invoke Rule 41(b) sua

sponte. Id. at 1161 n.2; Olsen v. Mapes, 333 F.3d 1199, 1204 n.3 (10th Cir.

2003). So Mr. Fletcher’s third appeal point lacks merit.

      Fourth, Mr. Fletcher challenges the dismissal as incompatible with

the requirement to liberally construe pro se pleadings and Fed. R. Civ. P.

8(d)(1)–(2), 8(e), 10(c), and 18(a). These challenges lack merit.

      As Mr. Fletcher suggests, we liberally construe pro se pleadings.

Ogden v. San Juan Cty., 32 F.3d 452, 455 (10th Cir. 1994). But the

opportunity for liberal construction does not relieve pro se litigants of the

obligation to comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including

Rule 8. Id.; Nielsen v. Price, 17 F.3d 1276, 1277 (10th Cir. 1994).

                                      3
      Mr. Fletcher relies on Rules 8(d)(1)–(2), 8(e), 10(c), and 18(a), but

they do not bear on the district court’s reasons for dismissal. Rule 8(d)(1)

states that pleadings need not follow a “technical form,” but the district

court did not require a technical form. Rule 8(d)(2) permits alternative

allegations, but the district court did not dismiss the second amended

complaint based on the presence of alternative allegations. Rule 8(e)

requires construction of pleadings “so as to do justice,” but this

requirement does not relieve pleaders of the need to comply with Rule

8(a). Rule 10(c) allows incorporation of statements by reference, but the

district court did not dismiss the second amended complaint based on the

incorporation of other statements. Rule 18(a) allows joinder of multiple

claims, but the opportunity to include multiple claims did not eliminate the

obligation to comply with Rule 8.

      Having rejected each of Mr. Fletcher’s four appeal points, we affirm.

                                    * * *

      Mr. Fletcher also moves for leave to proceed on appeal without

prepayment. We grant this motion. But we remind Mr. Fletcher that he

remains obligated to continue making partial payments until he has fully

paid the filing fee.

      In addition, Mr. Fletcher moves to notify the court of his

constitutional challenge to 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(e). This motion is apparently

designed to notify the court clerk’s office rather than seek substantive

                                      4
relief. Under federal law, the clerk’s office must supply a certification to

the Attorney General of the United States when a party challenges the

constitutionality of a federal statute and the parties do not include the

federal government, a federal agency, or a federal employee. 28 U.S.C.

§ 2403(a); Fed. R. App. P. 44(a). Thus, the Court asks the clerk’s office to

send Mr. Fletcher’s opening appeal brief and this Order and Judgment to

the Attorney General.

                                       Entered for the Court

                                       Robert E. Bacharach
                                       Circuit Judge

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