Court Opinion

ID: 3116444
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 07:41:45.373978+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:52:50.916822
License: Public Domain

Opinion issued July 23, 2013.

                                     In The

                             Court of Appeals
                                    For The

                         First District of Texas
                          ————————————
                             NO. 01-12-00163-CR
                           ———————————
                 WILLIE EARL SELLERS, JR., Appellant
                                       V.
                     THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                  On Appeal from the 208th District Court
                          Harris County, Texas
                      Trial Court Case No. 1265338

                         MEMORANDUM OPINION

     Willie Earl Sellers, Jr. was convicted of aggravated robbery. 1 The trial court

assessed punishment at twenty-five years’ confinement. In two issues, Sellers

1
     TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 29.03 (West 2011).
complains that the evidence is insufficient to support the enhancement allegation in

the indictment because the appellate record is incomplete and does not

affirmatively show that (1) he entered a plea of “true” to the enhancement

allegation or (2) any evidence at the punishment phase of the trial supports a

finding that the enhancement allegation is true. We affirm the trial court’s

judgment.

                                    Background

      A grand jury indicted Sellers for an aggravated robbery at a laundromat in

June 2010. The indictment alleged that he had been convicted of a prior felony

offense of possession of a controlled substance in February 2001. After a trial, the

jury found Sellers guilty of aggravated robbery as charged in the indictment. The

trial court then adjourned the proceedings and reset the punishment hearing.

      Several days later, the punishment hearing was held before the court. The

trial court docket sheet states that Sellers appeared with his counsel and pleaded

“true” to the enhancement, and that the trial court sentenced Sellers to twenty-five

years’ confinement in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice - Institutional

Division. The trial court also signed its judgment that day, convicting Sellers of the

offense of aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon, and assessing punishment of

twenty-five years’ confinement. The judgment recites a plea and a finding of “true”

to the enhancement paragraph in the indictment.

                                          2
      Sellers appealed. His appellate counsel requested preparation of the record,

including a transcription of the punishment hearing, all exhibits, and “[a] copy of

all records presented and reviewed by the Court at the proceedings in this case[.]”

The official court reporter of the 174th District Court filed the reporter’s record

with this Court. The record, however, does not include a transcription of the

punishment hearing. The reporter’s record includes the following note:

      (Note: Based on the handwritten worksheet of the certified official
      reporter who reported this trial, Brenda Burleigh, now deceased,
      punishment proceedings were held on February 13, 2012. After a
      careful and tedious search and review of her computer and office, no
      steno or computer notes, whether electronic, physical or otherwise,
      have been located for the transcription to be included in the reporter’s
      record)

The reporter’s record also includes ten exhibits, numbered State’s Exhibit 17

through 26. The following note accompanies each exhibit:

      (Note: According to the handwritten notes of the certified official
      reporter, State’s Exhibit No. 17 was offered during punishment
      proceedings and has been included as part of the reporter’s record.)

State’s Exhibit 17 is a “Stipulation of Evidence” in which Sellers confessed to nine

prior convictions, including the February 2001 conviction for possession of a

controlled substance. State’s Exhibits 18 through 26 are the judgments of

conviction referred to in the stipulation. State’s Exhibit 19 is a copy of the 2001

judgment for conviction of possession of a controlled substance.

                                         3
       On appeal, Sellers does not assert any complaint about the guilt-innocence

proceedings or the sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction for

aggravated robbery. He asserts error only as to the sufficiency of the evidence to

support the enhancement allegation in the indictment based on an incomplete

appellate record.

     Sellers Is Not Entitled to a New Punishment Hearing Under Rule 34.6(f)

A.     Sellers’s argument on appeal

       In two issues, Sellers contends that the evidence is insufficient to support the

enhancement allegation in the indictment because the incomplete appellate record

does not affirmatively show that (1) he pleaded “true” to the allegation or (2) any

evidence at the punishment hearing supports the enhancement finding. According

to Sellers, the punishment hearing “took place, but it is impossible to obtain an

official transcript of the proceedings for purposes of appeal.” Based on the

incomplete appellate record, he requests that the case be remanded to the trial court

for a new punishment hearing. See TEX. R. APP. P. 34.6(f) (providing that appellant

is entitled to new trial in circumstances set out in rule when appellate record is lost

or destroyed); Kirtley v. State, 56 S.W.3d 48, 51–52 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001)

(holding that complete record was necessary to complain of ineffective assistance

                                           4
of counsel, but that new trial could not be ordered without finding that parties

could not agree on complete reporter’s record). 2

      Sellers conflates an argument that he is entitled to a new trial under rule 34.6

with an argument that the evidence is insufficient to support a finding that he

pleaded “true” to the enhancement alleged in the indictment or that the trial court

found the alleged enhancement to be true. He does not suggest that the missing

portion of the record is necessary to analyze any error other than the sufficiency of

the evidence to support his plea or the finding of “true” to the enhancement

allegation in the indictment. Cf. Kirtley, 56 S.W.3d at 51 (appellant argued that

record was necessary so that he could claim ineffective assistance of counsel at

punishment hearing). Sellers only asserts that, without a record of the punishment

hearing, the record is insufficient to reflect that he pleaded “true” to the

enhancement allegation or that the trial court found the allegation to be true.

2
      The State urges that a claim of error under rule 34.6(f) is not properly before the
      Court and that Sellers’s issues are inadequately briefed. The State asserts that
      Sellers (1) designates his claims as insufficiency-of-evidence claims, (2) does not
      address error under rule 34.6(f), (3) has not shown that the missing portion of the
      record is necessary for his appeal, and (4) has failed to present a complete record
      for his evidentiary claims. We decline to dispose of this case on briefing waiver.
      See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(f). (“The statement of an issue or point will be treated as
      covering every subsidiary question that is fairly included.”); Few v. State, 230
S.W.3d 184, 189 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) (quoting Verburgt v. Dorner, 959
S.W.2d 615, 616–17 (Tex. 1997)) (noting that courts of appeals should construe
      Rules of Appellate Procedure “‘reasonably, yet liberally,’” so that right to appeal
      is not lost by imposing requirements not absolutely necessary to effect rules’
      purpose).
                                           5
B.    Standard of review

      To obtain a new trial under rule 34.6(f), an appellant must show (1) that a

significant portion of the record was lost or destroyed, (2) through no fault of his

own, (3) that the missing portion of the record is necessary to the appeal, and (4)

the parties cannot agree on the record. TEX. R. APP. P. 34.6(f); Routier v. State, 112
S.W.3d 554, 571 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003).3 We review cases involving the loss or

destruction of the record from the appellant’s standpoint, and resolve any

reasonable doubt in the appellant’s favor. Routier, 112 S.W.3d at 570–71. Rule

34.6(f)(3) requires an appellant to show that the missing portion of the reporter’s

record is necessary to the appeal’s resolution and therefore its absence harmed him.

Id. at 571; see Isaac v. State, 989 S.W.2d 754, 757 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999) (“If the

missing portion of the record is not necessary to the appeal’s resolution, then the

loss of that portion of the record is harmless under the rule, and a new trial is not

required.”).

C.    Sellers has not demonstrated that a record of the punishment hearing is
      necessary

      The Texas Penal Code provides for an increased level of punishment if a

defendant has a prior final non-state-jail felony conviction. See TEX. PENAL CODE

ANN. § 12.42 (West 2011) (amended effective Sept. 1, 2011). To establish a prior

3
      Sellers does not assert that the record of the punishment proceeding cannot be
      replaced by agreement of the parties. See TEX. R. APP. P. 34.6(f)(4).
                                          6
conviction for sentence enhancement purposes, the State must prove beyond a

reasonable doubt that the prior final conviction exists, and the defendant is linked

to that conviction. Flowers v. State, 220 S.W.3d 919, 921 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007);

see also Beck v. State, 719 S.W.2d 205, 210 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986) (“It is

incumbent on the State to go forward and show by independent evidence that the

defendant is the person so previously convicted.”). There is no requirement that the

prior conviction be proven with any specific document; the State may prove that a

defendant has been convicted of an offense in several ways. Flowers, 220 S.W.3d

at 921. Once a defendant pleads true to the enhancement allegations, the State is

relieved of its burden to prove the allegations “because a plea of ‘true’ constitutes

‘evidence and sufficient proof to support the enhancement allegation.’” Ford v.

State, 243 S.W.3d 112, 117 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. ref’d)

(quoting Wilson v. State, 671 S.W.2d 524, 526 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984)). The fact

that a defendant entered a plea of “true,” however, “must be affirmatively reflected

by evidence in the record.” Wilson, 671 S.W.2d at 526 (emphasis in original).

      Sellers contends that the recitations in the trial court docket sheet 4 and

judgment provide the only indication that he pleaded true to the enhancement

allegation, but those recitations are not evidence. See Henry v. State, 331 S.W.3d
4
      The docket sheet entry states that “both State and Defense announce[d] ready, and
      the punishment phase began”; the “State arraigned the defendant”; and the
      “Defendant plead[ed]—TRUE to the enhancement.”
                                          7
552, 555 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, no pet.) (citing Wilson, 671
S.W.2d at 526) (analyzing case as one in which defendant did not plead “true” to

enhancement allegations when record contained no evidence of defendant’s plea);

see also State v. Shaw, 4 S.W.3d 875, 878 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1999, no pet.)

(“[D]ocket sheet entry is a memorandum made for the convenience of the trial

court and clerk.”). The record, however, includes testimony that supports the trial

court’s finding of “true” on the enhancement alleged in the indictment, as recited

in the judgment.

      Sellers’s testimony during the guilt phase of the trial about his February

2001 conviction for possession of a controlled substance supports a finding of

“true.” The enhancement paragraph of the indictment alleges that “on FEBRUARY

19, 2001, in Cause No. 0859791 in the 176TH District Court of HARRIS County,

Texas, [Sellers] was convicted of the felony offense of POSSESSION OF A

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE.” During the guilt phase of the trial, Sellers

testified that he was convicted in 2001 for possession of a controlled substance and

“went to TDC for five years for that case[.]” He initially was on probation for the

possession of a controlled substance but violated that probation with unauthorized

use of a motor vehicle. When cross-examined by the State, Sellers testified that he

previously had been convicted of three felonies and went to jail for five years for

possession of a controlled substance.

                                         8
      The trial court may have considered this evidence of Sellers’s conviction at

the punishment hearing. See Trevino v. State, 100 S.W.3d 232, 238 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2003) (noting that “there is no requirement that evidence admitted at

guilt/innocence be re-offered to be considered at punishment”); Ex parte Kunkle,

852 S.W.2d 499, 502 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) (considering evidence introduced at

guilt-innocence stage at punishment because such evidence may be considered at

punishment); Yglesias v. State, 252 S.W.3d 773, 779 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th

Dist.] 2008, pet. ref’d) (noting that judge who presided at trial and assessed

punishment could make affirmative finding on use of deadly weapon even if State

did not re-offer evidence adduced at guilt-innocence phase). We conclude that

Sellers’s testimony during the guilt phase of the trial supports a finding of “true.”

Accordingly, the record before this Court affirmatively supports the finding of

“true” to the enhancement allegation recited in the trial court judgment. Sellers has

not established that the record of the punishment hearing is necessary for his

appeal, as rule 34.6(f)(3) requires and, thus, has not shown that he is entitled to a

new hearing on punishment. We overrule Sellers’s two issues.

                                         9
                                   Conclusion

      Having overruled Sellers’s issues, we affirm the trial court judgment of

conviction.

                                                Harvey Brown
                                                Justice

Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Brown, and Huddle.

Do not publish. Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).

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