Court Opinion

ID: 1076575
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:19:32.255514+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:41:47.659714
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Benton, Elder and Overton
Argued at Richmond, Virginia

HAROLD FRANCIS SHEPPARD
                                          MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.        Record No. 2497-96-2            JUDGE NELSON T. OVERTON
                                               JULY 15, 1997
CYNTHIA CAUDLE SHEPPARD

            FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HENRICO COUNTY
                     George F. Tidey, Judge
          Carolyn P. Carpenter (Carpenter & Woodward,
          P.L.C., on brief), for appellant.

          Jeffrey L. Galston (Hyder, Lowe & Galston, on
          brief), for appellee.

     Harold Francis Sheppard (husband) appeals from a decision of

the trial court denying his motion to enforce an agreement made

between him and Cynthia Caudle Sheppard (wife).     For the reasons

that follow, we reverse and remand for proceedings consistent

with this opinion.

     The parties are fully conversant with the record in the

cause, and because this memorandum opinion carries no

precedential value, we recite only those facts necessary to the

disposition of this appeal.

     The parties were married in North Carolina in 1987.     Husband

and wife entered into a separation agreement in 1989 pending

their divorce, which became final in 1990.    In 1993 wife obtained

a judgment in North Carolina against husband for his breach of
     *
      Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
designated for publication.
the separation agreement.    After husband moved to Virginia, wife

domesticated this judgment in the Commonwealth and began

garnishing husband's wages.    In 1995, wife also filed a bill of

complaint against husband for specific performance of the

separation agreement, further arrearage, and attorneys' fees.

husband appealed the resulting judgment to the Court of Appeals.

        Pending the decision of the Court, the parties began to

negotiate a settlement of all issues of contention between the

parties.    A series of letters containing offers and

counter-offers passed between counsel for husband and counsel for

wife.    On March 1, 1996, husband, through counsel, made an offer

consisting of eight provisions.    On March 5, wife, through

counsel, made a counter-offer with the same eight provisions, but

added an additional clause about attorneys' fees.    Husband

replied that this ninth point was unacceptable, but that he was

still willing to settle the matter on the terms of his March 1

offer.    On March 8, wife agreed to omit the clause in question,

stating, "[t]hus the following are the terms that we are willing

to accept" and restated the same eight provisions from husband's

March 1 offer.    The letter concluded by stating that wife would

hold any documents agreeing to release and waiver (two provisions

of the agreement) "pending evidence of Mr. Sheppard's complete

fulfillment of his obligations."
        On March 20, husband sent wife a draft document

memorializing the agreement.    The next week wife replied that she

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agreed in principle, but noted seven minor clerical changes.     On

April 2, husband forwarded an amended agreement with wife's

changes.    The next day husband sent a signed copy of the

agreement, evidence of his execution of several of the

provisions, and the first portion of a cash payment pursuant to

the agreement.    The same day, wife released funds belonging to

husband pursuant to the agreement.

     On April 9, the Court of Appeals released an opinion in

wife's favor.    Although husband performed the balance of his

obligations under the agreement on May 1, wife refused to execute

the agreement further, noting that she had never signed the

document.    She made a counter-offer at that time asking for an

additional cash payment.     Husband filed a motion to enforce the

agreement.    The trial judge held that a binding agreement had not

been formed between the parties, and refused to enforce the

terms.    Husband appeals.
         "To be valid and enforceable, the terms of an oral

agreement must be reasonably certain, definite, and complete to

enable the parties and the courts to give the agreement exact

meaning."     Richardson v. Richardson, 10 Va. App. 391, 395, 392
S.E.2d 688, 690 (1990); Smith v. Farrell, 199 Va. 121, 128, 98
S.E.2d 3, 7-8 (1957).    An agreement is sufficiently definite to

enable the trial court to determine the intent and agreement of

the parties and to enforce the contract if the "record makes

clear that the parties considered and agreed upon a comprehensive

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plan to settle the issues between them [and that] [e]ach separate

issue was resolved upon terms which were succinctly and precisely

set forth in the record."    Richardson, 10 Va. App. at 395-96, 688

S.E.2d at 690.    The record in this case constitutes a series of

correspondence between the parties which contains in detail the

provisions agreed upon by the parties.    In particular, the March

8 letter sent by wife accepted the eight main provisions proposed

by husband.   Additionally, on March 28 wife agreed to the formal

draft agreement, requesting only minor modifications, which were

accepted by husband.   No ambiguity exists in the agreed terms of

this agreement.
     "Mutual assent by the parties to the terms of a contract is

crucial to the contract's validity."     Wells v. Weston, 229 Va.
72, 78, 326 S.E.2d 672, 676 (1985).    If the parties mutually

assent to the terms at the time the agreement is made, a valid

contract exists, regardless of the afterthoughts of one of the

parties.   "Once a competent party makes a settlement and acts

affirmatively to enter into such settlement, her second thoughts

at a later time upon the wisdom of the settlement do not

constitute good cause for setting it aside."     Snyder-Falkinham v.

Stockburger, 249 Va. 376, 385, 457 S.E.2d 36, 41 (1995).    Wife

manifested her assent to the terms of the agreement by accepting

husband's proposals and later accepting with slight modification

the formal contract.   She then allowed husband to begin

performance of his obligations under the agreement, and performed

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a portion of her own obligations.      At this point wife

demonstrated, orally and by her actions, her assent to a binding

contract.    The lack of an ultimate signature cannot negate this

fact.    "Where the minds of the parties have met and they are

fully agreed and they intend to be bound there is a binding

contract, even though a formal contract is later to be prepared

and signed."     Agostini v. Consolvo, 154 Va. 203, 212, 153 S.E.
676, 679 (1930).
        We therefore reverse the decision of the circuit court and

remand for enforcement of the agreement between the parties.
                                        Reversed and
                                        remanded.

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