Court Opinion

ID: 1072520
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:50:42.497628+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:31:20.787312
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT NASHVILLE
                                             March 11, 2003 Session

                       RANDY CARROLL v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                         Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lewis County
                                 No. 6227    Timothy L. Easter, Judge

                            No. M2002-00797-CCA-R3-PC - Filed July 11, 2003

The petitioner appeals the denial of his petition for post-conviction relief from his convictions for
six counts of sexual battery and one count of aggravated sexual battery, arguing that the post-
conviction court erred in finding he received the effective assistance of counsel and in failing to
address as plain error the trial court’s erroneous jury instructions on aggravated sexual battery.
Following our review, we affirm the post-conviction court’s denial of the petition for post-conviction
relief.

      Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

ALAN E. GLENN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which GARY R. WADE, P.J., and J OE G.
RILEY, J., joined.

Travis Hawkins, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Randy Carroll.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Christine M. Lapps, Assistant Attorney General;
Ronald L. Davis, District Attorney General; and Jeffrey L. Long, Assistant District Attorney General,
for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                                         OPINION

                                                           FACTS

        In 1998, the petitioner, Randy Carroll, was charged with two counts of aggravated rape and
seven counts of rape based on various sexual acts he committed with his stepdaughter, C.B.1 See
State v. Randy Carroll, No. M1998-00075-CCA-R3-CD, 2000 WL 62109, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App.
Jan. 26, 2000), perm. to appeal denied (Tenn. Oct. 2, 2000). On June 12, 1998, a Lewis County
Circuit Court jury found him guilty of the lesser offenses of one count of aggravated sexual battery,
a Class B felony, and eight counts of sexual battery, Class E felonies. Id. at *1. The trial court

       1
           It is the po licy of this co urt to refer to minor victim s of sexual abuse by their initials only.
sentenced him as a Range I, standard offender to concurrent two-year terms for each sexual battery
conviction and to a consecutive twelve-year term for the aggravated sexual battery conviction, for
an effective sentence of fourteen years in the Department of Correction. Id. On direct appeal, this
court affirmed the aggravated sexual battery conviction, six of the eight convictions for sexual
battery, and the sentences imposed for the offenses. Id. at *7. We reversed and remanded for a new
trial two of the eight sexual battery convictions based on the State’s failure to elect the offenses with
respect to those counts. Id. at *4. Subsequently, the State entered a nolle prosequi as to those two
counts.

        On February 13, 2001, the petitioner filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief. Post-
conviction counsel was appointed, and on March 30, 2001, an amended petition for post-conviction
relief was filed, alleging that the petitioner’s trial counsel provided ineffective assistance at trial and
on appeal by, inter alia, failing to adequately investigate the case, failing to subpoena essential
witnesses, failing to file a motion for severance of offenses, failing to conduct effective cross-
examination, and failing to object to the trial court’s erroneous jury instructions as to aggravated
sexual battery and to raise the issue on direct appeal. Thereafter, original post-conviction counsel
was allowed to withdraw, and, on November 8, 2001, replacement counsel filed a second amended
petition which incorporated the allegations of the first amended petition and additionally alleged that
counsel was ineffective for failing to introduce at trial the medical record of the victim’s physical
examination.

        Our direct appeal opinion details the evidence at the petitioner’s trial:

                        Over the course of approximately a year and a half, defendant
                engaged in various sexual acts with his fifteen-year-old stepdaughter,
                C.B. At trial, C.B. testified to nine specific instances of defendant’s
                conduct which formed the basis for the jury’s convictions on each of
                the indictment’s nine counts.

                        Count 1: On May 22, 1996, the day of a neighbor’s funeral,
                defendant entered the room where C.B. was napping with her baby
                brother. He lay down next to C.B. on the bed, rubbed her leg, and
                told her to shut up when she began to cry. He then held C.B.’s arms,
                ripped her shorts and penetrated her vaginally until he ejaculated.

                        Count 2: On December 20, 1996, the day before her sixteenth
                birthday, C.B. went to the store with defendant. On the way home,
                defendant stopped by a poolroom and left C.B. in the car. When he
                returned, defendant drove to a dirt road blocked by a chain which he
                ordered C.B. to lift up as he drove under it. He then drove to a
                secluded spot, had C.B. lay her seat back and penetrated her vaginally
                until he ejaculated. On this occasion, defendant cleaned himself with
                a rag from the trunk of the car before driving home.

                                                   -2-
       Count 3: On June 6, 1997, the day before C.B.’s younger
brother’s birthday, defendant borrowed a neighbor’s motorcycle and
gave the children rides on it. C.B. agreed to ride when defendant
threatened to refuse all the other children rides if she did not go.
Defendant took C.B. on a different route than the other children and
parked behind a small building. There he ordered her to bend over
the motorcycle and penetrated her vaginally until he ejaculated.

        Count 4: On August 16, 1997, while C.B. washed dishes in
the kitchen, defendant ordered the other children to do work outside.
He then approached C.B. and began rubbing her leg and buttocks.
Defendant followed C.B. to the bathroom where she tried to lock him
out. He threw her against the wall, pulled her shorts and underwear
to the side and penetrated her vaginally. When C.B. cried, he called
her a “b____” and told her to shut up.

       Count 5: On September 27, 1997, two days before C.B.’s
mother moved them out of the house they shared with defendant,
defendant sent two of C.B.’s siblings to the neighborhood market/deli
for food and told the baby to find a toy. He carried C.B. into the
bedroom and forced her to perform oral sex. After he ejaculated in
her mouth, defendant put C.B. on the bed and penetrated her
vaginally. When he finished, defendant said “I love this sh–” and
laughed.

        Count 6: The incident which formed the basis for the
aggravated sexual battery conviction occurred while C.B. again
napped with her baby brother. Defendant crawled into bed with the
children and told C.B. not to wake the baby. He removed C.B.’s
shorts and attempted to lubricate her anal opening with his saliva. He
then placed a sandwich bag over his penis, lubricated it with his
saliva, and penetrated C.B. anally. Afterward, C.B. experienced
rectal bleeding for two days.

       Count 7: The incident in this count occurred while C.B.
washed clothes in the basement. Defendant came in, ordered C.B. to
bend over with her head between her knees. He ignored her crying
and requests to stop and vaginally penetrated her until he ejaculated.

        Count 8: C.B. testified that defendant forced her to perform
oral sex a number of times but stated, “I can’t tell you the dates and
can’t tell you how many times that he would . . . put bruises on the
back of my neck.”

                                 -3-
                           Count 9: On one occasion the defendant forced C.B. to
                   perform oral sex by holding her by the back of the neck and moving
                   her head up and down. C.B. tried to resist and ended up biting
                   defendant. Defendant stopped momentarily, slapped her, called her
                   a “b_____,” and forced her to the point of choking until he ejaculated
                   in her mouth.

                            When asked why she did not report any of these abuses, C.B.
                   testified that defendant threatened to beat her if she told. He further
                   threatened that if anyone discovered the abuse, he and C.B.’s mother
                   would go to jail and the children would have nowhere to live and end
                   up in foster homes.

                            Defendant testified at trial and denied all allegations.

Id. at **1-2.

         Three different attorneys from the Twenty-First Judicial District Public Defender’s Office
were involved to various degrees at different stages in the petitioner’s representation in this case, and
each testified at the February 21, 2002, evidentiary hearing. The petitioner’s main trial counsel, the
district public defender for the office, testified his representation began several weeks before trial
when he took over the case from an assistant district public defender who had been named as clerk
and master in Franklin. Trial counsel testified he was admitted to the bar in 1961 and spent a
number of years in private practice before being appointed by the governor in 1989 as district public
defender for the Twenty-First Judicial District Public Defender’s Office, covering Williamson, Perry,
Hickman, and Lewis Counties. He was subsequently elected to an eight-year term in 1990, and
reelected to another eight-year term in 1998. Although he was not directly involved in the case at
the time of the petitioner’s preliminary hearing, he believed he listened to the tape recording of the
hearing and prepared and reviewed a transcript of it. He could not, however, recall whether there
had been any inconsistencies between the victim’s testimony at the preliminary hearing and her
testimony at trial.

        Trial counsel testified he had no independent recollection of the medical report prepared on
the victim, but it was his common practice to review medical reports in such cases and he could not
recall any sexual abuse case in which he had not done so.2 He said his investigator, Ellery Ferrara,
would have interviewed the nurse who performed the physical examination, and that Ferrara would
have then reported his findings to trial counsel. Trial counsel did not know if his office had
subpoenaed any of the medical personnel associated with the victim’s examination, but said that the

         2
           Trial counsel explained at a later point in his testimony that he had not received a copy of the second amended
petition from post-conviction counsel and therefore had not had an opportunity to review the re levant p ortions of his file
in prep aration for the evidentiary hea ring.

                                                            -4-
information would have been in his file. Trial counsel agreed that, according to the medical report,
the victim had reported that no ejaculation occurred and that the petitioner had not used a condom,
whereas her trial testimony had been that the petitioner had ejaculated and that “a sandwich bag or
a freezer bag was used.”

        Trial counsel acknowledged he did not object to the aggravated sexual battery instruction the
trial court gave to the jury, and he did not raise the issue on direct appeal. Referring to the nine-
count presentment in the case, he testified that in count six, the aggravated rape charge that resulted
in the conviction for aggravated sexual battery, the State had alleged sexual penetration with bodily
injury. He said he did not move to sever the counts of the presentment because he believed trying
the offenses together created a “fog” regarding the various dates and times the different offenses
allegedly occurred, which helped, rather than hurt, the petitioner’s case. He “faintly” remembered
the victim’s torn shorts which the State introduced into evidence, but did not remember having
objected to their introduction and did not think he had raised the issue on direct appeal.

        At the request of the State, trial counsel read aloud a portion of the victim’s medical report,
which contained statements she made at her examination about having been raped by the petitioner
vaginally, anally, and orally. Counsel agreed the medical report in all likelihood would have hurt
rather than helped the petitioner’s case, and the State would have tried to get the statements admitted
into evidence had the nurse who conducted the physical examination been called as a witness at trial.
Trial counsel said he had a faint memory of the victim’s testimony about injuries she had suffered
as a result of several of the rapes, including the bleeding she had experienced with respect to count
six. He testified it was his belief that the victim’s testimony about the petitioner’s use of a sandwich
bag as a condom “was the most damaging testimony that came in.”

        Trial counsel testified he met with the petitioner at least twice at the Lewis County Jail. He
believed Ferrara might have met with the petitioner on other occasions, and that Ferrara had kept a
log of telephone calls the petitioner had made to either counsel or Ferrara. In addition to other
motions filed, trial counsel testified he made the normal discovery requests and that he thought his
colleague had filed a motion for an in camera inspection of the Department of Human Services’
(“DHS”) file. Trial counsel said he spent more time on the petitioner’s case than on most, and was
satisfied he had done everything he wanted to do in preparation for the case.

        David Allen Pope, the victim’s former boyfriend, testified he was in North Carolina at about
the time of the petitioner’s trial. He said he was not aware of anyone from the public defender’s
office attempting to contact him about the case. The victim testified she remembered saying at trial
that the petitioner ejaculated on many occasions during the sexual encounters, but did not remember
her conversations with the nurse who performed her physical examination at the “Our Kids Center”
in Nashville.

        The State’s first witness was Larry Drolsum, an attorney with the Twenty-First Judicial
District Public Defender’s Office, who testified he was filling in for his colleague, Elaine Beeler,
when he was appointed to represent the petitioner in the General Sessions Court of Lewis County

                                                  -5-
on December 2, 1997. He spoke with the petitioner for about an hour that day, primarily about the
petitioner’s desire to get a bond reduction, made notes of the conversation, and turned the notes over
to Ms. Beeler when he later surrendered the case to her.

        Elaine Beeler testified she was currently Clerk and Master of Williamson County but, prior
to holding that position, had represented the petitioner as an assistant public defender with the
Twenty-First Judicial District Public Defender’s Office. During the course of her representation,
she worked diligently on the petitioner’s case and gave him more attention than most of her other
clients, speaking with him many times, both in court and at the jail. When she left the public
defender’s office on April 1, 1998, she not only turned over the files on all her cases, but also
verbally communicated her knowledge about those cases to trial counsel and to Ferrara.

        Investigator Ellery P. Ferrara testified that, at the State’s request, he had compiled a list of
actions taken by the public defender’s office in connection with the petitioner’s case.3 Ferrara
recounted the various hearings held, motions and requests for discovery filed, including Ms. Beeler’s
motion for in camera inspection of DHS files, and numerous meetings either he, trial counsel, or Ms.
Beeler had with the petitioner. He also listed several telephone conversations the petitioner had with
Ferrara, trial counsel, or other staff with the public defender’s office from January 12 to May 28,
1999, and numerous collect calls the petitioner attempted to the office on June 23 and 24, including
“thirty-some-odd calls” made during a two-hour period of time. Ferrara testified he interviewed a
number of potential witnesses in the case, but his attempts to interview David Pope were
unsuccessful. He said he spoke by phone with Pope’s father, who told him he would try to make his
son available for an interview and that he did not anticipate any problem with Ferrara serving a
subpoena on his son. However, when he called the Pope residence again that same evening or the
next day, Ferrara was then informed that Pope had left to spend the summer with his grandparents
out of state. Ferrara testified he believed he thoroughly investigated the case:

                           I felt like I adequately investigated the case, contacted any
                   witnesses that I was aware of, gathered any information that I knew
                   about at the time in the case. I don’t think at the time, looking back,
                   I don’t believe I – you know, anything I knew about, I tried to check
                   out. Whether or not I could end the lead with positive information or
                   not, I believe I tried to exhaust every avenue I knew to pursue at the
                   time.

        On cross-examination, Ferrara testified he attempted to telephone David Pope several times,
“probably more than four, maybe as many as six,” and he did not drive to Pope’s home in Perry
County because he had been informed that Pope had left the state. His recollection was that he did
not learn about the victim’s torn shorts until the State introduced them at trial, and that he was
shocked by their introduction. He said he kept trial counsel fully informed of his investigation in
the case.

       3
           This list was admitted as an exhibit to the hearing and is include d in the record before this court.

                                                            -6-
        On March 11, 2002, the post-conviction court denied the petition in a written order
containing extensive findings of fact and conclusions of law. The post-conviction court found that
none of the petitioner’s allegations of ineffective assistance was supported by the record and
concluded that the petitioner received the effective assistance of counsel at trial and on appeal.
Thereafter, the petitioner filed a timely appeal to this court, arguing that the post-conviction court
erred in finding that he received the effective assistance of counsel and in failing to address as plain
error the erroneous jury instructions given at his trial.

                                             ANALYSIS

                             I. Post-Conviction Standard of Review

         The post-conviction petitioner bears the burden of proving his or her allegations by clear and
convincing evidence. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-210(f). When an evidentiary hearing is held
in the post-conviction setting, the findings of fact made by the court are conclusive on appeal unless
the evidence preponderates against them. See State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999);
Tidwell v. State, 922 S.W.2d 497, 500 (Tenn. 1996). Where appellate review involves purely factual
issues, the appellate court should not reweigh or reevaluate the evidence. See Henley v. State, 960
S.W.2d 572, 578 (Tenn. 1997). However, review of a trial court’s application of the law to the facts
of the case is de novo, with no presumption of correctness. See Ruff v. State, 978 S.W.2d 95, 96
(Tenn. 1998). The issue of ineffective assistance of counsel, which presents mixed questions of fact
and law, is reviewed de novo, with a presumption of correctness given only to the post-conviction
court’s findings of fact. See Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001); Burns, 6 S.W.3d at
461.

                               II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

        To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner has the burden to show
both that trial counsel’s performance was deficient, and that counsel’s deficient performance
prejudiced the outcome of the proceeding. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct.
2052, 2064, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984); see State v. Taylor, 968 S.W.2d 900, 905 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1997) (noting that same standard for determining ineffective assistance of counsel that is applied in
federal cases also applies in Tennessee). The Strickland standard is a two-prong test:

               First, the defendant must show that counsel’s performance was
               deficient. This requires showing that counsel made errors so serious
               that counsel was not functioning as the “counsel” guaranteed the
               defendant by the Sixth Amendment. Second, the defendant must
               show that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. This
               requires showing that counsel’s errors were so serious as to deprive
               the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable.

466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. at 2064.

                                                  -7-
         The deficient performance prong of the test is satisfied by showing that “counsel’s acts or
omissions were so serious as to fall below an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing
professional norms.” Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S.
at 688, 104 S. Ct. at 2065; Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975)). The prejudice prong
of the test is satisfied by showing a reasonable probability, i.e., a “probability sufficient to undermine
confidence in the outcome,” that “but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding
would have been different.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068.

        Because both prongs of the test must be satisfied, a failure to show either deficient
performance or resulting prejudice results in a failure to establish the claim. See Henley, 960 S.W.2d
at 580. For this reason, courts need not approach the Strickland test in a specific order or even
“address both components of the inquiry if the defendant makes an insufficient showing on one.”
466 U.S. at 697, 104 S. Ct. at 2069; see also Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 370 (stating that “failure to prove
either deficiency or prejudice provides a sufficient basis to deny relief on the ineffective assistance
claim”).

        On appeal, the petitioner argues that trial counsel was ineffective for: (1) failing to object to
the erroneous jury instructions on aggravated sexual battery or to raise the issue on direct appeal; (2)
failing to file a pretrial motion to sever the counts of the presentment; (3) failing to introduce the
victim’s medical report at trial and failing to call the nurse who performed the examination as a
witness; and (4) failing to raise the trial court’s allowance of the victim’s torn shorts into evidence
as an issue on direct appeal. We will address each of these allegations in turn.

                      A. Failure to Object to Erroneous Jury Instructions

        The petitioner first contends that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the trial
court’s erroneous jury instructions on aggravated sexual battery. Aggravated sexual battery is
defined in pertinent part as “unlawful sexual contact with a victim by the defendant or the defendant
by a victim accompanied by any of the following circumstances:”

                       (1) Force or coercion is used to accomplish the act and the
                defendant is armed with a weapon or any article used or fashioned in
                a manner to lead the victim reasonably to believe it to be a weapon;
                [or]

                        (2) The defendant causes bodily injury to the victim[.]

Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-504(a)(1)-(2) (1997). In instructing the jury on aggravated sexual battery
as a lesser-included offense of aggravated rape, the trial court apparently did not include the weapon

                                                   -8-
element of subsection (1) of the definition.4 The petitioner argues trial counsel was deficient for
failing to object to the omission of that element or to raise the issue on appeal, and counsel’s
deficiency prejudiced the outcome of his case because it allowed the jury to convict him based on
less than the required proof. However, we conclude from the record that the petitioner has failed to
show how any alleged deficiency on the part of trial counsel for failing to object to the omitted
element prejudiced the outcome of his case.

        From our direct appeal opinion, as well as trial counsel’s opening and closing statements to
the jury, which are included in the record, it is clear that count six of the presentment, which charged
the petitioner with aggravated rape and which resulted in his conviction for aggravated sexual
battery, was based not on the petitioner’s use of force or coercion while armed with a weapon, but
rather on the bodily injury, in the form of two days of rectal bleeding, the victim sustained in the
incident in which the petitioner used a plastic sandwich bag to penetrate her anus. Thus, even
assuming arguendo that trial counsel was deficient for failing to object to the jury instructions or to
raise the issue on direct appeal, the petitioner cannot show a reasonable probability that, but for
counsel’s alleged deficiency, the result of his trial would have been different. See Strickland, 466
U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068.

                              B. Failure to File Motion to Sever Offenses

        The petitioner next contends trial counsel was deficient, thereby prejudicing the outcome of
his case, by failing to file a motion to sever counts one through nine of the presentment. He argues
that “[a] severance of the counts would have avoided confusion and permitted the jury to consider
each allegation in isolation from the damning effect of testimony about eight other incidents.”

        Trial counsel testified, however, that he believed trying the offenses together helped, rather
than hurt, the petitioner’s case by creating confusion about the various dates and times the offenses
were alleged to have occurred. When analyzing a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, we must
indulge in a strong presumption that the conduct of counsel fell within the range of reasonable
professional assistance, see Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690, 104 S. Ct. at 2066, and may not second-
guess counsel’s tactical and strategic choices unless those choices were uninformed because of
inadequate preparation, see Hellard v. State, 629 S.W.2d 4, 9 (Tenn. 1982). The post-conviction
court found that trial counsel and the staff of the public defender’s office thoroughly investigated and
prepared the petitioner’s case, and concluded that the “substantial reduction,” from the rapes and
aggravated rapes with which the petitioner was charged to the sexual batteries and aggravated sexual
battery with which he was convicted, was “due, in no small part, to the representation of [trial
counsel] and his staff.” The record supports the post-conviction court’s findings and conclusions
regarding trial counsel’s level of preparation and skill in defending the case. Moreover, even had
the petitioner shown that counsel’s tactical choice not to file a motion for a severance hurt his case,

         4
          Although the post-conviction court admitted the trial transcript and technical record as exhibits to the
evidentiary hearing, they were returned to the clerk of our court upon the completion of the evidentiary hearing, and we
have not found it nec essary to request and review them to com plete o ur analysis of the issue s on ap peal.

                                                          -9-
that fact alone would not support his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. See Thompson v.
State, 958 S.W.2d 156, 165 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997).

                       C. Failure to Introduce Victim’s Medical Report at Trial

       The petitioner next contends trial counsel was ineffective for failing to introduce the victim’s
medical report into evidence at his trial, or to call as a witness the nurse who conducted the physical
examination of the victim. The petitioner argues that the medical report was essential because it
contained findings that would have tended to negate the bodily injury elements of the offenses and
because it contained the victim’s statements that the petitioner never ejaculated, which was
contradictory to her testimony at trial.

       With respect to this claim, the post-conviction court found as follows:

                           The Petitioner further alleges ineffective assistance of counsel
                   on the part of [trial counsel] in that [trial counsel] did not attempt to
                   introduce into evidence the record of a physical examination of the
                   victim performed by Barbara Speller-Brown, R.N., at the Our Kids
                   Center, in Nashville. This report was entered as Exhibit 4 at the
                   Petitioner’s evidentiary hearing for post-conviction relief.

                           Investigator Ferrara interviewed Nurse Brown. [Trial counsel]
                   discussed this interview with his investigator and determined that the
                   statements made by the victim to Nurse Brown would have “hurt
                   more than helped.” [Trial counsel’s] legal basis for not pursuing this
                   evidence was grounded upon his well reasoned belief that if this
                   evidence was presented then the statements made by the victim to the
                   treating medical personnel (Nurse Brown) would also be admissible
                   pursuant to Rule 803(4) of the Tennessee Rules of Evidence. Under
                   these circumstances, [trial counsel’s] actions were sound trial
                   strategy.

         Again, the record supports the findings and conclusions of the post-conviction court. As trial
counsel testified at the evidentiary hearing, the medical report of the victim contains her statements
describing in some detail the petitioner’s having raped her orally, anally, and vaginally. In addition,
it also contains the very damaging information that the victim’s fourteen-year-old sister reported to
Department of Children’s Services5 workers that the petitioner had sexually abused her as well. The
allegedly favorable information the report contains, the victim’s statement that ejaculation never
occurred and the medical findings that there were no tears, fissures, or lesions in the victim’s anal
area, is greatly outweighed by the damaging statements made by the victim and her sister. Under

       5
           This department is also referred to as the “Departm ent of H uman Services” elsewhere in the record on app eal.

                                                          -10-
these circumstances, counsel was wise not to seek to admit the medical report into evidence or call
the nurse to testify at trial.

        In connection with this allegation of ineffective assistance, the petitioner also contends that
the post-conviction court erred in denying his request for funds to pay for a nurse from the Our Kids
Center to explain the victim’s medical report at the post-conviction hearing. Specifically, the
petitioner asserts that the nurse would have explained that the terms “penetrating trauma” and
“healed transection” used in the victim’s medical report, did not connote injuries to the victim.
However, the State is not required to provide funds for an expert witness to a post-conviction
petitioner in a non-capital case, see Davis v. State, 912 S.W.2d 689, 696-97 (Tenn. 1995), and we
find no error in the post-conviction court’s denial of the petitioner’s request for funds to pay for this
witness.

      D. Failure to Raise Admission of Victim’s Torn Shorts as Issue on Direct Appeal

        Lastly, the petitioner contends trial counsel was ineffective for failing to raise as an issue on
direct appeal whether the trial court erred in allowing the victim’s torn shorts to be introduced into
evidence. Apparently, trial counsel objected to the admission of the torn shorts at trial on the basis
that the State had not provided them to him as part of pretrial discovery, but the trial court overruled
the objection, finding that they had been available to trial counsel’s investigator prior to trial. The
petitioner now argues that trial counsel was deficient in failing to raise as an issue on direct appeal
the trial court’s allegedly erroneous ruling with respect to the shorts, and that trial counsel’s
deficiency prejudiced the outcome of his trial, in that the shorts “presumably played an important
role in corroborating the testimony of [the victim].”

        Trial counsel’s testimony was that his practice was to discuss the case with colleagues and
to carefully and thoroughly review his notes in order to identify any possible errors to raise as
grounds for his motion for new trial. Implicit in counsel’s testimony was that he also raised on direct
appeal, after thorough review, any issues which he deemed had merit. Thus, the petitioner has not
shown, with respect to this claim, that “counsel’s acts or omissions were so serious as to fall below
an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing professional norms.” Goad, 938 S.W.2d
at 369 (citations omitted). Nor has the petitioner shown that the result of his trial would have been
different had trial counsel raised the issue of the shorts on direct appeal. In summary, we conclude
that the petitioner has failed to meet his burden of demonstrating he was denied the effective
assistance of counsel, either at trial or on appeal.

                 III. Post-Conviction Court’s Failure to Address Plain Error

        The petitioner also argues that the post-conviction court erred in failing to address as plain
error the trial court’s erroneous jury instructions on aggravated sexual battery. The plain error
doctrine, however, is not applicable in a post-conviction proceeding. See State v. West, 19 S.W.3d
753, 756 (Tenn. 2000). The petitioner did not raise the trial court’s jury instructions as an issue in

                                                  -11-
either his motion for a new trial or in his direct appeal. Consequently, he has waived the issue and
cannot now raise it for the first time in a petition for post-conviction relief.

                                          CONCLUSION

        We conclude that the petitioner has failed to meet his burden of demonstrating he was denied
the effective assistance of counsel at trial or on appeal. We further conclude that the post-conviction
court did not err in denying the petitioner’s request for funds for a post-conviction witness, or in
refusing to address as plain error the trial court’s jury instructions on aggravated sexual battery.
Accordingly, we affirm the post-conviction court’s denial of the petition for post-conviction relief.

                                                        ___________________________________
                                                        ALAN E. GLENN, JUDGE

                                                 -12-