Court Opinion

ID: 5120363
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-10-22 15:00:40.575766+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:22:17.611565
License: Public Domain

20-3855-cv
Bromfield-Thompson v. Am. Univ. of Antigua

                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                       SUMMARY ORDER

Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order
filed on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate
Procedure 32.1 and this court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a
document filed with this court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an
electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order
must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by counsel.

        At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit,
held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the
City of New York, on the 22nd day of October, two thousand twenty-one.

        PRESENT:          Dennis Jacobs,
                          Steven J. Menashi,
                                    Circuit Judges,
                          Lewis J. Liman,
                                    District Judge.*
__________________________________________

Debbie Ann Bromfield-Thompson,

                        Plaintiff-Appellant,

                v.                                                    No. 20-3855

American University of Antigua, Manipal

* Judge Lewis J. Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of
New York, sitting by designation.
Education Americas, LLC,

                    Defendants-Appellees,

American University of Antigua/Manipal
Education Americas, LLC, AKA GCLR, LLC,
NBME,

                 Defendants.
__________________________________________

For Plaintiff-Appellant:                        Debbie Ann Bromfield-Thompson, pro
                                                se, Washington, DC.

For Defendants-Appellees:                       Robb William Patryk, Amina Hassan,
                                                Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP, New
                                                York, NY.

      Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern

District of New York (Furman, J.).

      UPON       DUE       CONSIDERATION,            IT   IS   HEREBY    ORDERED,

ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is

AFFIRMED.

      Appellant Debbie Ann Bromfield-Thompson, proceeding pro se, appeals

from the district court’s judgment, entered on October 13, 2020, dismissing her

disability discrimination action against appellees the American University of

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Antigua (“AUA”) and Manipal Education Americas, LLC (“MEA”). 1 After

allowing her an opportunity to amend her complaint, the district court determined

that Bromfield-Thompson had not served AUA with process and that her

complaint did not allege any wrongdoing by MEA, and therefore the district court

dismissed her claims against these parties under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

12(b)(5) and 12(b)(6), respectively. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the

underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.

I.    Claims Against MEA

      We review de novo the district court’s dismissal of a complaint pursuant to

Rule 12(b)(6). Forest Park Pictures v. Universal Television Network, Inc., 683 F.3d 424,

429 (2d Cir. 2012). The complaint must plead “enough facts to state a claim to relief

that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). “A

claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows

the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the

misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Bromfield-

1
  Bromfield-Thompson does not challenge the dismissal of her claims against the
remaining defendant, the National Board of Medical Examiners, so we do not consider
those claims.

                                           3
Thompson’s amended complaint did not contain any allegations of wrongdoing

by MEA. It asserted legal claims against “AUA/MEA” but every one of the

supporting factual allegations stated that AUA was responsible for the wrongs

alleged. Because there was no basis in the amended complaint to find MEA liable

for any of her legal claims, the district court correctly dismissed her claims against

MEA.

         “It is a well-established general rule that an appellate court will not consider

an issue raised for the first time on appeal.” Harrison v. Republic of Sudan, 838 F.3d

86, 96 (2d Cir. 2016) (alteration omitted) (quoting In re Nortel Networks Corp. Sec.

Litig., 539 F.3d 129, 132 (2d Cir. 2008)). Accordingly, we do not consider Bromfield-

Thompson’s arguments that MEA was engaged in a joint venture with AUA or

was an independent contractor of AUA, or that she should have been allowed

discovery on these issues, because she did not raise these claims before the district

court.

II.      Claims Against AUA

         We review a dismissal for insufficient service of process under Rule 12(b)(5)

for abuse of discretion. Dickerson v. Napolitano, 604 F.3d 732, 740 (2d Cir. 2010).

                                             4
Bromfield-Thompson argues that Anita O’Brien, an employee of MEA who

received the service documents from Bromfield-Thompson’s service processor at

MEA’s office, was authorized to accept service on behalf of AUA because MEA

was an agent of AUA, as demonstrated by a photograph on the wall of MEA’s

New York office and other evidence listing MEA as “agent for” AUA.

      However, even assuming that MEA acted as AUA’s agent in some respects,

as this evidence suggests, that is not sufficient to establish that O’Brien was an

agent authorized to accept service under federal or New York law. Bromfield-

Thompson could have effected service either (1) “by delivering a copy of the

summons and of the complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, or any

other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process”

according to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(h)(1)(B), or (2) by delivering the

summons to “an officer, director, managing or general agent, or cashier or

assistant cashier or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to

receive service” according to N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 311(a)(1). Bromfield-Thompson did

not provide any evidence that O’Brien was or purported to be an agent

“authorized … to receive service” under these rules, and AUA provided sworn

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statements that she was not so authorized. Accordingly, the district court did not

abuse its discretion by dismissing Bromfield-Thompson’s claims against AUA for

failure to serve it with process.

      Bromfield-Thompson argues that the district court abused its discretion in

dismissing the complaint without granting her leave to amend her complaint for

a second time. However, she did not request leave to amend her complaint a

second time in the district court, and the district court clearly warned her that she

would forfeit the chance to address any issues raised in the motions to dismiss if

she did not address those issues in her amended complaint. Accordingly, the

district court did not abuse its discretion by not offering her a second chance to

address these issues. See Horoshko v. Citibank, N.A., 373 F.3d 248, 249–50 (2d Cir.

2004) (holding that the pro se litigants’ “contention that the [d]istrict [c]ourt

abused its discretion in not permitting an amendment that was never requested is

frivolous” because “an amendment is not warranted absent some indication as to

what appellants might add to their complaint in order to make it viable”)

(alteration and internal quotation marks omitted).

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      We have considered all of Bromfield-Thompson’s remaining arguments,

which we conclude are without merit. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of

the district court.

                                  FOR THE COURT:
                                  Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court

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