Court Opinion

ID: 9893334
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-26 17:03:15.240343+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:02:14.545150
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                               OCT 26 2023
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                             U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

TAWNDRA L. HEATH,                                No.    22-16543

              Plaintiff-Appellant,               D.C. No.
                                                 2:17-cv-02869-GMN-BNW
 v.

TRISTAR PRODUCTS, INC.;                          MEMORANDUM*
ZHONGSHAN JINGUANG
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE
MANUFACTURE CO., LTD.,

              Defendants-Appellees.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Nevada
                    Gloria M. Navarro, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted October 18, 2023
                                Phoenix, Arizona

Before: IKUTA, BADE, and BRESS, Circuit Judges.

      Tawndra Heath appeals the district court’s denial of her motions for

judgment as a matter of law and for a new trial, and its award of costs to

defendants. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      The district court did not err in denying Heath’s motion for judgment as a

matter of law, or, in the alternative, for a new trial. Substantial evidence in the

record supported the jury’s verdict in favor of defendants, including expert

testimony that Heath’s injuries from the pressure cooker were consistent with a

spill or splash, rather than from an explosion caused by a product defect. The jury

was entitled to find this expert testimony persuasive and find that Heath was not

credible. See Landes Constr. Co. v. Royal Bank of Canada, 833 F.2d 1365,

1370–71 (9th Cir. 1987).

      The district court did not err in denying Heath’s motion for a new trial after

defendants’ counsel referenced her religious affiliation. Counsel did not reference

Heath’s religion to attack or support her credibility, so Rule 610 of the Federal

Rules of Evidence was not implicated. Regardless, the single statement on the first

day of trial that Heath is a Jehovah’s Witness did not “sufficiently permeate[] [the]

entire proceeding to provide conviction that the jury was influenced by passion and

prejudice in reaching its verdict,” Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Nat. Beverage Distribs.,

69 F.3d 337, 346 (9th Cir. 1995) (citations and quotation marks omitted), so a new

trial was not warranted. See id.

      The district court did not err in instructing the jury on product misuse as an

affirmative defense. Heath does not dispute that the instruction was legally correct.

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The defense adduced evidence that Heath’s misuse of the pressure cooker caused

the accident, and the jury was entitled to weigh the evidence to determine if such

misuse was foreseeable. See Lee v. GNLV Corp., 22 P.3d 209, 212 (2001) (stating

that foreseeability is “usually a[] question[] of fact for the jury”); cf. Robinson v.

G.G.C., Inc., 808 P.2d 522, 524–525 (Nev. 1991) (discussing foreseeable misuse in

the jury instruction context).

      Any error in permitting defendants to argue that the pressure cooker had

been substantially altered from when the product left the manufacturer was

harmless, because the jury was not instructed on a substantial alteration defense

and the defense gave limited attention at closing to evidence that the pressure

cooker was not in the same condition as when the defendants sold it. The defense

was entitled to rebut Heath’s prima facie case. See Kendall-Jackson Winery, Ltd.

v. E. & J. Gallo Winery, 150 F.3d 1042, 1051 (9th Cir. 1998).

      After the deputy clerk ruled that the majority of the costs sought by

defendants was not allowed under the local rules, the district court erred in re-

taxing the full amount of costs sought by defendants in the absence of any motion

by defendants to re-tax costs, and without giving Heath notice of its intent to do so.

Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(d)(1); D. Nev. L.R. 54-12; see also Mendiola-Martinez v.

Arpaio, 836 F.3d 1239, 1262 (9th Cir. 2016). We vacate the award of costs and

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remand for the district court to reconsider the award in light of the deputy clerk’s

order.

         The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal.

         AFFIRMED in part and VACATED AND REMANDED in part.

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