Court Opinion

ID: 8208587
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-23 05:06:01.398665+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:41:33.452212
License: Public Domain

If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                 revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.

                            STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS

MAHIR D. ELDER, M.D., PC,                                          FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                   September 22, 2022
               Plaintiff,                                          9:00 a.m.

and

DR. MAHIR ELDER,

               Plaintiff-Appellant,

v                                                                  No. 359225
                                                                   Wayne Circuit Court
DEBORAH L. GORDON, PLC, doing business as                          LC No. 21-004012-CB
DEB GORDON LAW and/or DEBORAH GORDON
LAW, and DEBORAH L. GORDON,

               Defendants-Appellees.

Before: RONAYNE KRAUSE, P.J., and JANSEN and SWARTZLE, JJ.

SWARTZLE, J.

        As we explained in Tomasik v State, 327 Mich App 660, 681; 935 NW2d 369 (2019),
“centuries of precedent” confirm that a judge cannot be compelled to testify or otherwise answer
“on matters of judicial decision-making.” Our Legislature has extended this prohibition to
arbitrators, see MCL 691.1694, and this alone is fatal to the trial court’s order that sought
information from the arbitrator in the underlying matter. Accordingly, we reverse.

        Dr. Mahir Elder sued his former employer in federal court for wrongful termination and
received a large monetary award from the ensuing arbitration proceeding. The award stated that
Dr. Elder should receive compensation as calculated by “Chart B,” but it then listed the lower
monetary amount from “Chart A.” Dr. Elder’s attorney, Deborah Gordon, apparently did not
notice the discrepancy and confirmed the award; that case was then dismissed. When Dr. Elder
sued Gordon for legal malpractice, the trial court decided to send a question to the arbitrator to
determine whether the arbitrator meant to award Dr. Elder the monetary amount stated in the
arbitration award. We reverse.

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        Dr. Elder sued Gordon for legal malpractice, alleging that she owed him the difference
between the monetary award he received and the Chart B award to which the arbitrator said he was
entitled. The record is unclear regarding whether the trial court or Gordon first suggested sending
a question to the arbitrator. Multiple hearings were held on the issue, including one on July 19,
2021, for which no transcript exists because the hearing was not recorded. Dr. Elder argued that
any such inquiry would be improper because arbitrators, just like judges, cannot be asked to
explain their decisions after the fact. The trial court disagreed and ordered the parties to send the
following question to the arbitrator:

               Please review your award in the matter of Elder v Tenet Healthcare
       Corporation [sic], JAMS Arbitration Case Reference Number 1345001383, your
       notes, testimony, charts and exhibits from that matter. After you have reviewed the
       materials, please confirm whether you intended to award Dr. Elder $5,516,907 in
       back pay, front pay and exemplary damages, or some other amount.

This Court then granted Dr. Elder’s application for leave to appeal. Dr Mahir Elder v Deborah L
Gordon, PLC, unpublished order of the Court of Appeals, entered November 29, 2021 (Docket
No. 359225).

        Gordon argues that we should not even address the merits of Dr. Elder’s appeal because
Dr. Elder lacks standing and he failed to order the transcript for the July 19, 2021, hearing. Both
arguments are without merit. Dr. Elder has standing because if the arbitrator stated that the
monetary award is accurate it would be adverse to Dr. Elder’s malpractice case against Gordon.
That potential injury arising out of the trial court’s order makes Dr. Elder an aggrieved party. See
League of Women Voters of Mich v Secretary of State, 506 Mich 561, 578; 957 NW2d 731 (2020).
Defendant further argues that the trial court’s order does not compel the arbitrator to answer, a
contention clearly belied by the plain language of the order itself: the order does not offer the
arbitrator a choice, and orders of a court must be obeyed even if clearly wrong unless and until
vacated or reversed by a higher court. In re Contempt of Dudzinski, 257 Mich App 96, 110-112;
667 NW2d 68 (2003). As for the hearing, Dr. Elder has presented evidence that the July 19, 2021,
hearing was not recorded and, therefore, no transcript exists. Consequently, Dr. Elder cannot be
faulted for failing to comply with MCR 7.210(B)(1)(a).

        Turning to the merits of Dr. Elder’s appeal, we review discovery orders for an abuse of
discretion and questions of statutory interpretation de novo. Holman v Rasak, 486 Mich 429, 436;
785 NW2d 98 (2010). Subject to exceptions not at issue on appeal,

                In a judicial, administrative, or similar proceeding, an arbitrator or
       representative of an arbitration organization is not competent to testify, and may
       not be required to produce records as to any statement, conduct, decision, or ruling
       occurring during the arbitration proceeding, to the same extent as a judge of a court
       of this state acting in a judicial capacity. [MCL 691.1694(4).]

“[C]enturies of precedent” establish that discovery is not available from judicial officers “on
matters of judicial decision-making.” Tomasik, 327 Mich App at 681. “[A] judge may not be
compelled to testify concerning the mental processes used in formulating official judgments or the
reasons that motivated him in the performance of his official duties.” Id. at 681-682 (quotation

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marks and citation omitted). Black’s Law Dictionary defines “testify” as “[t]o give evidence as a
witness.” Black’s Law Dictionary (9th ed).

        Defendant argues at great length that judges, and by extension arbitrators, are not
absolutely precluded from testifying as factual witnesses regarding matters they observed in
proceedings over which they presided. Even if that is an accurate assertion, the question to the
arbitrator would necessarily compel the arbitrator to provide evidence as a witness explaining her
intentions and, therefore, her thought processes.

       Furthermore, MCL 691.1694(4) precludes “any statement, conduct, decision, or ruling
occurring during the arbitration proceeding.” (Emphasis added.) The plain language of the statute
prohibits compelling arbitrators from giving any factual evidence as a witness regarding any
statements, conduct, decisions, or rulings that she may have made during the arbitration
proceeding.

       By asking the arbitrator to explain what she meant to do with her award, the trial court
asked her, in effect, to give evidence as a witness and, therefore, to testify about the amount of
money she awarded Dr. Elder. This was improper. The arbitrator could have been asked to clarify
the factual question at issue in this case before the arbitration award was finalized and that
underlying case was dismissed. But to ask the arbitrator a factual question now, in a separate
proceeding, would violate MCL 691.1694(4).

        Reversed and remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain
jurisdiction. Dr. Elder, as the prevailing party, may tax costs under MCR 7.219.

                                                            /s/ Brock A. Swartzle
                                                            /s/ Amy Ronayne Krause
                                                            /s/ Kathleen Jansen

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