Court Opinion

ID: 9555563
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-14 14:04:52.493141+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:36:42.840010
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

STATE OF DELAWARE                    )
                                     )
      v.                             )            ID No. 1801007017
                                     )
MAURICE COOPER                       )

                          Submitted: April 17, 2023
                           Decided: July 31, 2023
                         *Corrected: August 11, 2023

       Upon Defendant Maurice Cooper’s Motion for Postconviction Relief
                                DENIED.

                         MEMORANDUM OPINION

Mark A. Denney, Jr. Esquire, Erika Flaschner, Esquire, Deputy Attorneys General,
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, 900 North King Street, 4th Floor, Wilmington,
Delaware 19801.

Richard Sparaco, Esquire, LAW OFFICE OF RICHARD SPARACO, LLC, 1920
Fairfax Avenue, Cherry Hill, New Jersey 08003 and P.O. Box 371, Lewes,
Delaware 19958; Jan A. T. van Amerongen, Jr., Esquire, OFFICE OF
CONFLICTS COUNSEL, 900 North King Street, Suite 320, Wilmington,
Delaware 19801, Attorneys for Defendant Maurice Cooper.

WHARTON, J.

*Punctuation marks and n. 326
                            I.    INTRODUCTION

      Defendant Maurice Cooper (“Cooper”) was convicted by a jury of Drug

Dealing (Heroin), Aggravated Possession of Heroin, four counts of Possession of a

Firearm During the Commission of a Felony (“PFDCF”), four counts of Possession

of a Firearm by a Person Prohibited (“PFBPP”), and two counts of Possession of

Ammunition by a Person Prohibited (“PABPP”).1 For sentencing purposes, the

two drug charges merged.2 The Court sentenced Cooper to unsuspended Level V

imprisonment of 15 years on the merged drug charge, five years on each PFDCF

charge, and 10 years on each PFBPP charge.3 The sentences on the PFDCF and

PFBPP charges were all minimum mandatory sentences.4 He was sentenced to

probation on the PABPP charges.5 Cooper’s direct appeal was unsuccessful.6

      On April 7, 2021, Cooper filed a pro se Motion for Postconviction Relief

(“pro se Motion”)7 and request for appointment of counsel. The Court appointed

Peter A. Levin, Esquire (“Levin”) to represent Cooper, and Levin then submitted

an Amended Motion for Post Conviction Relief (“Amended Motion”).8 After

1
  Cooper v. State, 228 A.2d 399 (Del. 2020).
2
  Id. at 407.
3
  Id.
4
  Id.
5
  Id.
6
  Id. at 408.
7
  Def.’s pro se Mot., D.I. 120.
8
  Def.’s Am. Mot., D.I. 135.

                                        1
Levin discovered that he had a conflict of interest due his representation of a

previous client in a related case, Richard Sparaco, Esquire (“Sparaco”) was

appointed to represent Cooper. Sparaco filed a Supplemental Brief in Support of

Motion for Post-Conviction Relief (“Supplemental Brief”)9 and Appendix

(“Supplemental Brief Appendix”).10 The State filed its Response in Opposition to

Cooper’s Amended Motion for Postconviction Relief (“State’s Response”).11 On

April 17, 2023, the Court held an evidentiary hearing. The Court has carefully

considered the parties’ submissions as well as the evidence presented at the

hearing. For the reasons set forth below, Cooper’s Motion is DENIED.

          II.    FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

      In 2014, police began receiving tips about large scale distribution of heroin,

cocaine, and marijuana taking place in Wilmington.12            Primarily through

informants the police began taking a specific interest in Cooper.13 For example,

based on information obtained from confidential informants, and confirmed

through their own investigation, the police sought and obtained search warrants for

a business (3607 Downing Drive, Unit 8, Wilmington, Delaware; “Unit 8”) and a

residential address (2338 West 18th Street, Apartment 1, Wilmington, Delaware;

9
  Def.’s Supp. Br., D.I. 154.
10
   Def.’s Supp. Appx., D.I. 155.
11
   State’s Resp., D.I. 160.
12
   Cooper v. State, 228 A.3d at 401.
13
   Id. at 401–02.

                                         2
“Apartment 1”).14      On January 15, 2018, the police executed these warrants,

finding several firearms, ammunition, cash, “a large quantity of packaged

heroin[,]” and “a large quantity of raw heroin,” in addition to finding evidence in

Apartment 1 confirming that Cooper occupied it. 15

       The police then obtained two search warrants for Cooper’s Instagram

account. The first covered November 25, 2017 through January 15, 2018.16 That

search yielded evidence linking Cooper to firearms.17 The second, for May 18,

2017 through January 15, 2018, “yielded additional incriminating information.”18

Cooper’s motions to suppress seized from these warrants were denied.19

       Cooper was arrested during the January 15, 2018 searches20 and indicted the

following day.21 He was originally indicted on an array of drug and weapon

possession related offenses,22 but grand juries later returned several superseding

indictments adding conspiracy, racketeering, and money laundering charges.23

       Cooper was initially represented by John Edinger, Esquire (“Edinger”).

During that time, the Court received several letters from Cooper asking to proceed

14
   Id. at 403.
15
   Id.
16
   Id.
17
   Id. at 403–04.
18
   Id. at 404.
19
   Id.
20
   Id. at 403.
21
   D.I. 1.
22
   Id.
23
   D.I. 16; D.I. 25; D.I. 30.

                                        3
pro se.24 Since he was represented, the Court referred all letters to counsel.25

According to Court records, Edinger did not pursue any of these requests.

      On August 6, 2018, Stephanie Volturo, Esquire (“Volturo”) of the Office of

Conflicts Counsel moved for the admission pro hac vice of James Brose, Esquire

(“Brose”).26 That motion was granted on August 10, 2018.27 Brose went to work

immediately, within the first month and a half filing a combined Motion to Sever

and Motion for Bill of Particulars.28 Volturo and Brose also filed multiple Motions

to Suppress29 and a Motion to Reveal Identity of Confidential Informant.30 The

motions were ultimately either denied, withdrawn, or rendered moot.31

      Before the February 25, 2019 commencement of trial, the State entered nolle

prosequis on several counts in an effort to avoid calling a confidential informant as

a witness.32 On February 19, 2019, Brose informed the Court that Cooper would

be pursuing an entrapment defense,33 claiming that the confidential informant sold

24
   E.g., D.I. 7; D.I. 13.
25
   See Super. Ct. Crim. R. 47. E.g., D.I. 10; D.I. 12.
26
   D.I. 26.
27
   D.I. 27.
28
   D.I. 31 (September 28, 2018).
29
   E.g., D.I. 47 (Instagram account); D.I. 53 (Cooper’s statement).
30
    D.I. 46 (Motion to Suppress Search Warrant and to Reveal Identity of
Confidential Informant).
31
   D.I. 55.
32
   D.I. 58; State’s Resp., at 24., D.I. 160.
33
   D.I. 59.

                                         4
him one of the guns for which he was charged.34 On February 21, 2019, the parties

discussed concerns over Cooper’s wearing prison clothes for jury selection,35 how

to handle the person prohibited charges,36 the overlap between the confidential

informant, Instagram communications, and the entrapment defense,37 and voir dire

questions.38 After Brose discussed the matter with Cooper, the parties stipulated

that during the timeframe at issue (January 1, 2015–January 15, 2018), Cooper was

a person prohibited from possessing firearms and ammunition.39 On February 22,

2019, Brose requested a continuance in order to attempt to recover Cooper’s

deleted Instagram messages.40 The State opposed.41

      On the morning of trial, Brose made two oral motions; one for a

continuance, again hoping for additional time to forensically retrieve Cooper’s

deleted Instagram messages, and the second for the identity of an informant to

34
   Id.
35
   E.g., Trial Tr. Feb. 21, 2019, at 2:11–4:2; 43:16–44:4.
36
   Id. at 4:7–9:4.
37
   Id. at 9:5–34:16. Messages from Cooper’s Instagram account were deleted and
were not retrievable despite several attempts by the State. Despite “[Cooper]
want[ing] to go down with the entrapment defense or not go down at all[,]” the
Court made it explicitly clear to Brose that Cooper “needs to go into this decision
with both eyes open, full awareness of what the potential consequences of
presenting that[.]” Id. at 31:16–18; 33:10–13.
38
   Id. at 34:17–42:23.
39
   Id. at 47:8–49:19; D.I. 61.
40
   D.I. 64.
41
   D.I. 65.

                                        5
subpoena him/her for trial.42 The State opposed the continuance request, claiming

that the State did all it could to get the deleted messages, that a prospective witness

to the entrapment allegation, Kiarye Braxton (“Braxton”), was available to testify,

that its witnesses would be inconvenienced with a rescheduling; and that “it [would

be] an affront to judicial economy.”43        The Court denied the request for a

continuance and reserved decision on the informant identification issue.44

      A jury trial took place from February 25 to 28, 2019.45 During trial, the

State called numerous witnesses, including multiple law enforcement officers and

expert witnesses Rachel Philibert, a forensic chemist with the Delaware Division

of Forensic Science,46 Kira Glass, a latent print examiner with the FBI

Laboratory,47 and Erica Ames, a forensic examiner in the DNA Case Work Unit at

the FBI Laboratory.48 The jury heard, for example, that Cooper admitted that

everything found in Apartment 1 was his,49 that there is “very strong support that

42
   D.I. 69.
43
   Trial Tr. Feb. 25, 2019, at 21:8–24:1.
44
   D.I. 69.
45
   D.I. 69.
46
   Trial Tr. Feb. 25, 2019, at 196–211.
47
   Trial Tr. Feb. 26, 2019, at 43–52.
48
   Id. at 55–84.
49
   E.g., Special Agent Haney testified that Cooper stated “[his girlfriend] didn’t
have anything to do with this. Everything in the house is mine.” Trial Tr., Feb. 25,
2019, at 78:22–23; Detective Jeffrey Silvers testified that Cooper stated something
along the lines of “[a]nything that’s found in here belongs to me. She has nothing
to do with it.” Id. at 107:20–22.

                                          6
Cooper is a contributor to the Ruger handgun,”50 and that his middle finger’s print

was found on magazine paper and tape51 located “inside of the locked Husky

toolbox that contained heroin and the gun at [Unit 8].”52          The Court denied

Cooper’s Motion for Judgment of Acquittal, his pro se Motion for Dismissal, and

his objection to the conspiracy question and charge going back to the jury.53

      On February 27, 2019, after much discussion between the parties as well as

between Cooper and his counsel, Cooper informed the Court that neither Braxton54

nor he would be testifying.55 Also, for the first time, the Court was, made aware of

Cooper’s desire to proceed pro se.56

      On February 28, 2019, Cooper was found guilty of Drug Dealing (Heroin),

Aggravated Possession of Heroin, PFDCF (four counts), PFBPP (four counts) and

PABPP (two counts).57 He was found not guilty of Conspiracy to Commit

Racketeering and two counts of Receiving a Stolen Firearm.58 He was sentenced

to a total of 75 years of unsuspended imprisonment at Level V.59

50
   Trial Tr., Feb. 26, 2019, at 69:7–9.
51
   Id. at 50:3–52:5.
52
   Id. at 53:15–21.
53
   D.I. 69.
54
   Trial Tr., Feb. 27, 2019, Volume I, at 37:1–16.
55
   Id. at 39:22–40:1.
56
   Id. at 14:11–15:4; 18:9–11. (“THE COURT: I don’t have any -- I don’t have a
copy of that motion. You never brought it to my attention, certainly.”)
57
   D.I. 69.
58
   Id.
59
   Sentencing Tr., May 31, 2019, 34:5–36:12.

                                         7
      Cooper raised four issues on direct appeal to the Delaware Supreme Court.60

Cooper claimed that this Court erred in denying his motions to suppress evidence

from the Apartment 1, Unit 8, and Instagram searches.61 He also claimed that his

sentence violated the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual

punishment.62 The Supreme Court “[found] no merit to Cooper’s claims and

affirm[ed],”63 finding that “the facts and circumstances set forth in the applications

were sufficient to permit the judge issuing the warrants to reasonably find that the

items sought would be found in Apartment 1 and Unit 8.”64 The Supreme Court

also rejected Cooper’s challenge to the Instagram warrants.65 Finally, it found that

the facts of this case, combined with Cooper’s criminal history, justified his

sentence and “do not create an inference of gross disproportionality to his crimes,

they do not violate the Eighth Amendment.”66

      On April 7, 2021, Cooper filed his pro se Motion 67 and on April 8, 2021, he

filed a Motion for Appointment of Counsel.68 His request for counsel was granted

60
   Cooper, 228 A.3d 399.
61
   Id. at 401.
62
   Id.
63
   Id.
64
   Id. at 406.
65
   Id.
66
   Id. at 407–08. The Supreme Court also denied Cooper’s Mot. for Rehearing and
Reargument. D.I. 135 at 7.
67
   Def.’s pro se Mot., D.I. 120.
68
   D.I. 121.

                                          8
on April 19, 2021.69 Levin was assigned to represent him and was admitted pro

hac vice on January 21, 2022.70 After submitting Cooper’s Amended Motion,

Levin discovered that he had a conflict of interest that disqualified him from

continuing to act as counsel for Cooper.71 Sparaco then was assigned to replace

Levin and was admitted pro hac vice on August 18, 2021.72 Sparaco filed the

Supplemental Brief and Appendix on December 28, 2022.73

      Prior to submitting his brief and appendix, Sparaco filed a motion to

withdraw as counsel.74     Cooper filed a Motion75 and Amended Motion76 for

Disqualification of Counsel, but sought to withdraw them.77 This Court ultimately

instructed Sparaco to remain on the case and to file his drafted Supplemental

Brief.78

      After considering the parties’ submissions, the Court ordered an evidentiary

hearing to “address Cooper’s allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel

against his original counsel and his trial and appellate counsel, including, but not

69
   D.I. 125.
70
   D.I. 127.
71
   D.I. 141.
72
   D.I. 145.
73
   Def.’s Supp. Br., D.I. 154; Def.’s Supp. Appx., D.I. 155.
74
   D.I. 150.
75
   D.I. 153.
76
   D.I. 156.
77
   D.I. 157.
78
   D.I. 151; D.I. 158.

                                         9
limited to, his allegations with respect to pro se representation.”79 The hearing was

held on April 17, 2023.80 Cooper was the only witness to testify at the hearing.

Neither party chose to call Edinger or Brose, nor were affidavits presented from

them by either party.

                     III.   THE PARTIES’ CONTENTIONS

A.     Cooper’s Pro Se Motion.

       In his pro se Motion Cooper identifies three general grounds for relief: (1)

ineffective assistance of counsel; (2) prosecutorial misconduct; and (3) abuse of

discretion.81 More specifically, he alleges that Edinger was ineffective in: (1)

failing to submit numerous pro se motions on his behalf after the court failed to

honor his request to represent himself; and (2) failed to object to a superseding

indictment returned “days before trial and more than 6 months after original

indictment, and asserting speedy trial rights.”82    He alleges that Volturo was

ineffective by violating his rights in selecting Brose, an out of state attorney to

represent him.83 Finally, he alleges Brose was ineffective in failing to (1) “reapply

in Supreme Court (separate) to represent [him] on appeal knowing the conflict of

interest; (2) move for a Franks hearing in connection with the suppression motion,

79
   D.I. 164 at ¶4.
80
   D.I. 165.
81
   D.I. 120.
82
   Id.
83
   Id.

                                         10
knowing that Agent Barnes used false information provided by CS5; (3) “suppress

illegal wiretap use by FBI Agent Haney … and GPS used in surveillance in CS5

encounters of affidavits of searches;” (4) “object to Det. Barnes and Special Agent

Haney hearsay statements to Guns and Drugs being ‘found’ in shop;” (5)

investigate or call owner of shop to testify that nothing was found in his shop

because he was not charged with a crime;” (6) object to Det. Barnes and Special

Agent Haney, who were both witnesses, sitting at counsel table during trial; (7)

suppress DNA evidence, object to the State’s DNA expert’s testimony, and use

defense DNA expert; (9) object to fingerprint testimony or to retain a defense

fingerprint expert; (10) raise a Brady violation claim regarding the State

withholding Instagram messages, hire a defense expert to retrieve Instagram

messages, and object to the introduction of Instagram messages at trial; (11)

introduce evidence that the informant sold him the guns, despite raising that defense

in his opening statement; (12) investigate before trial and call Braxton as a witness;

(13) object to an improper answer to a jury question; (14) object to the racketeering

charge “being introduced at trial;” and (15) “object to stipulation of charges (prior)

as they were incorrect and proper colloquy was not performed nor no instruction.”84

           The specifics of Cooper’s prosecutorial misconduct claim are the State: (1)

failed to produce Instagram messages of the informant; (2) “defrauded the Court on

84
     Id.

                                            11
allegations of [him] being indicted in Feb. of 18 for Racketeering;” (3) continued to

talk about money laundering charges in closing argument despite dropping them

during trial; (4) continued to pursue Racketeering charges “after he dropped 6

codefendants part of federal trial and vindictively re-indicted [him] back to

Racketeering.”85

       Finally, Cooper raises two grounds under his abuse of discretion claim: (1)

the Court failed to “separate PFBPP charges and failed to hold a colloquy about

[his] prior convictions and not instructing jury about them may or may not accept

them;” and (2) the Court violated his constitutional rights in the manner in which it

ruled on his motion to disclose the identity of the confidential informant.86

B.     Levin’s Amended Motion for Postconviction Relief.
       As directed by the Court, first postconviction counsel Levin filed an

Amended Motion on Cooper’s behalf on June 14, 2022.87 The Amended Motion

addresses the three general claims raised by Cooper’s pro se Motion as well as the

specific claims under each. Levin identifies certain issues raised in the pro se

Motion which, in his view lack merit, but in each such case notes that Cooper

disagrees.

85
   Id.
86
   Id.
87
   D.I. 135.

                                         12
       The Amended Motion first addresses 22 ineffective assistance of counsel

claims, two of which relate to Edinger and the other 20 to Brose. Claims Levin

deems meritorious with regard to Edinger are allegations that he was ineffective in

failing to: (1) bring motions on Cooper’s behalf to allow him to proceed pro se;88

and (2) assert a speedy trial violation and object to the superseding indictment.89

Regarding Brose, Levin deems he was ineffective in failing to: (1) challenge the

veracity of the affidavits in support of the search warrants and file a Franks Motion

regarding CS5’s false allegations;90 (2) present an entrapment defense after

admitting Cooper’s guilt in his opening statement;91 (3) object to Special Agent

Haney’s testimony regarding a photograph sent to him by the confidential

informant in violation of Cooper’s Sixth Amendment confrontation rights;92 (4) use

police reports to impeach officers and the State’s forensic chemist expert witness;93

(5) investigate and call witnesses regarding the drugs and firearms seized during

the execution of the search warrant at the shop;94 (6) object to a stipulation

regarding Cooper’s prior record and to research his prior convictions adequately;95

88
   Id. at 31-33.
89
   Id. at 41-42.
90
   Id. at 33-39.
91
   Id. at 43-44.
92
   Id. at 44-46.
93
   Id. at 47-48.
94
   Id. at 49-50.
95
   Id. at 51.

                                         13
(7) file for discovery and inspection;96 (8) object to Instagram photographs and

retain and expert;97 (9) object to the Court’s decision regarding the confidential

informant’s identity;98 (10) move for a new trial;99 (11) object to the State’s FBI

fingerprint expert’s report;100 (12) object to the State’s FBI DNA expert’s report

and testimony;101 (13) move to suppress DNA samples collected from Cooper;102

and (14) request a missing witness instruction for an unidentified confidential

informant.103

      Claims raised by Cooper which Levin deems to have no merit, but which

Cooper still maintains are meritorious are allegations that Brose was ineffective in

failing to: (1) move to suppress the wiretap and GPS surveillance on the basis that

they were illegally conducted by federal agents;104 (2)          move to dismiss the

indictment on the basis of an illegal arrest and lack of state jurisdiction; 105 (3) seek

a DNA expert regarding Cooper’s DNA swabs;106 (4) object to the manner in

96
   Id. at 52.
97
   Id. Levin notes this claim is redundant.
98
   Id. at 52-54.
99
   Id. at 54-55.
100
    Id. at 55-56..
101
    Id. at 57-59.
102
    Id. at 59-61.
103
    Id. at 61-62.
104
    Id. at 39-40.
105
    Id. at 40-41.
106
    Id. at 46-47.

                                           14
which a note sent by the jury during its deliberations was answered;107 (5) object to

and challenge the FBI fingerprint expert witness’s report;108 (6) sequester two

witnesses who sat at the State’s counsel table during trial; 109 and (7) object to

Count I of the verdict form (Conspiracy to Commit Racketeering) and move for a

mistrial.110

       Claims related to prosecutorial misconduct deemed meritorious by Levin are

allegations that: (1) the State withheld communications between Cooper and the

confidential informant;111 and (2) the State presented tainted evidence to the

jury.112

       Claims related to prosecutorial misconduct deemed to have no merit by

Levin are allegations that the State: (1) interfered with a witness;113 (2) lied to the

jury when Cooper was indicted;114 (3) nolle prossed the money laundering charge

but continued to comment on it during closing argument;115 (4) improperly sent

Cooper’s discovery to other attorneys and codefendants;116 and (5) engaged in

prosecutorial vindictiveness when it ended the prosecution of five of his

107
    Id. at 50-51.
108
    Id. at 55-56.
109
    Id. at 56-57.
110
    Id. at 57.
111
    Id. at 63.
112
    Id. at 65-66.
113
    Id. at 63-65.
114
    Id. at 66-67.
115
    Id. at 67.
116
    Id.

                                          15
codefendants who were subsequently tried in federal court, but continued his

prosecution in state court.117

      Claims related to the allegation that the Court abused its discretion deemed

meritorious by Levin are that the Court: (1) violated Cooper’s Fifth Amendment

right to remain silent by ruling he had to testify in order for the Court to order the

State to reveal the identity of a confidential informant;118 and (2) allowed Cooper’s

codefendants’ plea agreements to be admitted into evidence at trial.119

      Claims related to the allegation that the Court abused its discretion deemed

to have no merit by Levin are allegations that the Court: (1) accepted a prior

conviction stipulation without holding a colloquy with Cooper and failed to

instruct the jury that it could accept the stipulation or not;120 (2) violated Cooper’s

rights when it made certain remarks during the testimony of Det. Barnes;121 (3)

Judge Butler improperly ruled on a jury note;122 and (4) Brose was admitted pro

hac vice improperly without the Cooper’s permission.123

C.    Current Postconviction Counsel’s Supplemental Brief.

117
    Id. at 67-69.
118
    Id. at 69-70.
119
    Id. at 71-73.
120
    Id. at 69-70.
121
    Id. at 73-75.
122
    Id. at 75. Levin notes this claim is redundant.
123
    Id. at 75-76.

                                          16
      Current postconviction relief counsel filed his Supplemental Brief and

Appendix on December 28, 2022.124              The Supplemental Brief contains

supplemental legal argument on Cooper’s prior ineffective assistance of counsel

claims, raises new claims, requests an evidentiary hearing,125 and re-submits

Cooper’s prior pro se claims as well as those raised in Levin’s Amended

Motion.126

      The ineffective assistance of counsel claims raised in the Supplemental Brief

are that counsel was ineffective in: (1) failing to comply with Cooper’s request to

represent himself;127 (2) conceding guilt but failing to present any defense.128 (3)

failing to ensure that Cooper did not present himself to the jury panel in prison

clothes;129 and (4) failed to subject the State’s case to meaningful adversarial

testing and was otherwise ineffective.130 In particular, this last claims specifies

that: (1) trial counsel failed to object to Special Agent Haney’s testimony on the

ultimate issue of guilt;131 (2) trial counsel failed to move for a Franks hearing;132

(3) trial counsel failed to object to the Court’s decision regarding disclosure of the

124
    D.I. 154 (Def.’s Supp. Br); D.I. 155 (Appendix).
125
    The request for an evidentiary hearing is moot, inasmuch as the Court held a
hearing on April 17, 2023.
126
    D.I. 154.
127
    Id. at 4-11.
128
    Id. at 11-14.
129
    Id. at 14-18.
130
    Id. at 18-29.
131
    Id. at 19-21.
132
    Id. at 21-23.

                                         17
confidential informant’s identity;133 (4) appellate counsel failed argue on direct

appeal that the codefendant’s guilty pleas should not have been admitted into

evidence;134 and (5) both trial and appellate counsel were ineffective in failing to

move to dismiss the indictment based on a violation of Cooper’s speedy trial

rights.135 Finally, the Supplemental Brief argues that trial counsel was ineffective

in failing to call Braxton as a witness despite knowing that Braxton could provide

exculpatory testimony.136

D.      The State’s Response.

       The State submitted its Response on February 20, 2023.137 The Response

addresses the claims raised by the Supplemental Brief in detail and addresses

Cooper’s pro se claims and the Amended Motion in a more cursory fashion.

Regarding the arguments in the Supplemental Brief the State argues that: (1)

Cooper is not entitled to relief on his claim that he was denied an opportunity to

represent himself because he did not seek to represent himself after Brose began

representing him until mid-trial, and then declined to do so when given the

opportunity;138 (2) trial counsel did not concede guilt and was not ineffective in

133
    Id. at 23-24.
134
    Id. at 24-26.
135
    Id. at 26-29.
136
    Id. at 29-32.
137
    D.I. 160.
138
    Id. at 8-10.

                                        18
electing not to pursue a baseless entrapment defense;139 (3) the fact the Cooper

appeared in prison clothes temporarily does not entitle him to relief;140 (4) trial

counsel was not ineffective in electing not to make futile or improper objections,

pursue a Franks hearing or raise arguments on appeal that lacked merit;141 and (5)

trial counsel was not ineffective in failing to call Braxton as a witness in light of

Cooper’s own desire not to call him.142 Turning to Cooper’s pro se Motion and

Levin’s Amended Motion, the State briefly addresses each claim and characterized

them as either redundant or without merit.143

                        IV.    STANDARD OF REVIEW

      Rule 61 is the exclusive remedy for those “in custody under a sentence of

this court seeking to set aside the judgment of conviction…”144 This Rule balances

finality “against … the important role of the courts in preventing injustice.”145

      Before addressing the merits of a defendant’s motion for postconviction

relief, the Court must first apply the procedural bars of Superior Court Criminal

Rule 61(i).146 If a procedural bar exists, then the Court will not consider the merits

139
    Id. at 10-12.
140
    Id. at 12-13.
141
    Id. at 13-25.
142
    Id. at 26-27.
143
    Id. at 27-31.
144
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(a)(1).
145
    Zebroski v. State, 12 A.3d 1115, 1120 (Del. 2010) (citation omitted).
146
    Younger v. State, 580 A.2d 552, 554 (Del. 1990).

                                          19
of the postconviction claim.147 Under Delaware Superior Court Rules of Criminal

Procedure, a motion for postconviction relief can be barred for time limitations,

repetitive motions, procedural defaults, and former adjudications.       A motion

exceeds time limitations if it is filed more than one year after the conviction

becomes final or if it asserts a newly recognized, retroactively applied right more

than one year after it was first recognized.148 A second or subsequent motion is

repetitive and therefore barred.149 The Court considers a repetitive motion only if

the movant was convicted at trial and the motion pleads with particularity either:

(1) actual innocence;150 or (2) the application of a newly recognized, retroactively

applied rule of constitutional law rendering the conviction invalid.151 Grounds for

relief “not asserted in the proceedings leading to the judgment of conviction” are

barred as procedurally defaulted unless the movant can show “cause for relief” and

“prejudice from [the] violation.”152 Grounds for relief formerly adjudicated in the

case, including “proceedings leading to the judgment of conviction, in an appeal, in

a post-conviction proceeding, or in a federal habeas corpus hearing” are barred.153

147
    Id.
148
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(1).
149
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(2).
150
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(d)(2)(i).
151
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(d)(2)(ii).
152
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(3).
153
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(4).

                                        20
Additionally, “[t]his Court will not address claims for post-conviction relief that

are conclusory and unsubstantiated.”154

      To successfully bring an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a claimant

must demonstrate: (1) that counsel’s performance was deficient; and (2) that the

deficiencies prejudiced the claimant by depriving him or her of a fair trial with

reliable results.155 To prove counsel’s deficiency, a defendant must show that

counsel’s representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness.156

Moreover, a defendant must make concrete allegations of actual prejudice and

substantiate them or risk summary dismissal.157 “[A] court must indulge in a

strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of

reasonable professional assistance.”158 A successful Sixth Amendment claim of

ineffective assistance of counsel requires a showing “that there is a reasonable

probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the

proceeding would have been different.”159      An inmate must satisfy the proof

requirements of both prongs to succeed on an ineffective assistance of counsel

154
    State v. Guinn, 2006 WL 2441945, at *4 (Del. Super. Aug 16, 2021). See also
Gattis v. State, 697 A.2d 1174, 1178-79 (Del. 1997); Younger, 580 A.2d at 556;
State v. McNally, 2011 WL 7144815, at *5 (Del. Super. Nov. 16 2011); State v.
Wright, 2007 WL 1982834, at *1 n.2 (Del. Super. July 5, 2007).
155
    Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688 (1984).
156
    Id. at 667-68.
157
    Wright v. State, 671 A.2d 1353, 1356 (Del. 1996).
158
    Strickland, 446 U.S. at 689.
159
    Id. at 694.

                                          21
claim. Failure to do so on either prong will doom the claim and the Court need not

address the other.160

      In the appellate context, “[t]he [d]efendant must first show that his counsel

was objectively unreasonable in failing to find arguable issues on appeal – that is,

that counsel unreasonably failed to discover nonfrivolous issues and to file a merits

brief raising them.”161 Appellate counsel “need not (and should not) raise every

nonfrivolous claim, but rather may select from among them in order to maximize

the likelihood of success on appeal.”162 Nonetheless, it is “still possible to bring a

Strickland claim based on counsel’s failure to raise a particular claim, but it is

difficult to demonstrate that counsel was incompetent.”163 A defendant faces a

tougher burden of “showing that a particular nonfrivolous issue was clearly

stronger than issues that counsel did present” where appellate counsel filed a

merits brief, than in the case where appellate counsel filed a no merit brief.164

Further, Cooper must still show prejudice, “That is, [the defendant] must show a

160
    Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697; Ploof v. State, 75 A.3d 811, 825 (Del. 2013)
(“Strickland is a two-pronged test, and there is no need to examine whether an
attorney performed deficiently if the deficiency did not prejudice the defendant.”).
161
    Neal v. State, 80 A.3d 935, 946 (Del. 2013) (quoting Smith v. Robbins, 528 U.S.
259, 285 (2000)).
162
    Id. (citing Smith, 528 U.S. at 288).
163
    Id.
164
    Id.

                                         22
reasonable probability that, but for his counsel’s unreasonable failure [to raise a

clearly stronger issue], he would have prevailed on his appeal.”165

                                 V.     DISCUSSION

      This motion is a timely first motion under Rule 61. Cooper claims multiple

instances of ineffective assistance of counsel, prosecutorial misconduct, and

judicial abuse of discretion. In his pro se Motion, he states that his prosecutorial

misconduct and judicial abuse of discretion claims are not procedurally barred

because they could not or have not been raised until now.166 Levin’s Amended

Motion merely asserts, without elaboration, that the prosecutorial misconduct and

judicial abuse of discretion claims are not barred because they were not raised

previously.167 The Amended Motion does not address the procedural default bar of

Rule 61(i)(3). Sparaco’s Supplemental Brief does not address any of the bars to

relief of Rule 61(i) at all.168       The State concedes that Cooper’s claims of

ineffectiveness are not procedurally barred,169 but that “Cooper’s substantive

claims are procedurally barred under Rule 61(i)(3).”170

      The bar to relief of Rule 61(i)(3) may be avoided if the movant shows: “(A)

Cause for relief from the procedural default and (B) Prejudice from violation of the

165
    Id. at 947 (quoting Smith, 528 U.S. 285).
166
    D.I. 120.
167
    D.I. 135 at 63, 69.
168
    D.I. 154.
169
    State’s Resp., D.I. 160, at n. 6 and associated text.
170
    Id. at 4.

                                           23
movant’s rights.”171 Further, the bar is inapplicable to a claim that satisfies the

pleading requirements of Rule 61(d)(2)(i) or (2)(ii).172 Rule 61(d)(2)(i) speaks to

pleading actual innocence in fact claims. No such claim is pled here. Rule

61(d)(2)(ii) requires a movant to plead “with particularity that a new rule of

constitutional law, made retroactive to cases on collateral review by the United

States Supreme Court or the Delaware Supreme Court, applies to the movant’s

case and renders the conviction … invalid.”173 Cooper has not met this pleading

requirement either.     Cooper admits that he failed to raise his complaints of

prosecutorial misconduct and judicial abuse of discretion on direct appeal, “as

required by the rules of this court[.]”174 He attributes this failure to counsel’s

ineffectiveness.175 To the extent Cooper has shown cause for his failure to raise

these claims before by alleging ineffective assistance of counsel, the Court assesses

those claims through that lens.

      The Court first addresses the claims as set out in the Supplemental Brief

submitted by current postconviction counsel. Then, the Court will address the

claims set out in Cooper’s pro se motion and Levin’s Amended Motion which are

incorporated in the Supplemental Brief by reference.

171
     Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(3).
172
     Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(5).
173
     Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(d)(2)(ii).
174
     Def.’s pro se Mot., D.I. 120.
175
    Id.

                                         24
      A. Counsel’s Failure to Submit Cooper’s Requests to Proceed Pro Se does
         not Entitle Cooper to Postconviction Relief.
        Cooper argues that “he was deprived of effective assistance of counsel when

Attorney John S. Edinger failed on numerous occasions to properly file [his]

motions to proceed pro se, resulting in [him] being unsatisfactorily represented.”176

Cooper claims that “[h]ad Attorney Edinger properly filed [his] motion to proceed

pro se, [he] would have exercised his constitutional right to proceed pro se.”177

Cooper ultimately claims that due to his “intimate[] familiar[ity] with the facts of

the case, … the result would probably have been different had that motion be[en]

presented and granted by the court.”178

        The State presented several counterarguments. First, it argues that Cooper’s

requests to proceed pro se were mooted once new counsel, Brose, was

appointed,179 points out      that no requests were made during               Brose’s

representation,180   that   Cooper      never   voiced   displeasure   with   Brose’s

representation,181 and that despite the Court’s “willingness to engage in a colloquy

176
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 31, D.I. 135.
177
    Id. at 33.
178
    Def.’s Supp. Br., at 11, DI 154.
179
    State’s Resp., at 10, D.I. 160.
180
    Id. at 8–9.
181
    Id. at 9.

                                           25
with Cooper to consider whether he wished to proceed pro se,” it was Cooper who

declined.182

      No attempt has been made to explain Edinger’s failure to submit Cooper’s

requests to proceed pro se to the Court.         Accordingly, Cooper has satisfied

Strickland’s performance prong. However, the Court finds that Cooper has not

established that there is a substantial likelihood that, had the Court had the

opportunity to conduct the appropriate colloquy with him, he would have elected to

represent himself.

       In Faretta v. California, the United States Supreme Court held that a

defendant in a State criminal proceeding may proceed pro se if the defendant

knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waives the right to counsel. 183 Once a

defendant clearly and unequivocally asserts his right to self-representation, the trial

court must proceed with a hearing to make that determination.184 Waiver of the

right to counsel “depends in each case ‘upon the particular facts and circumstances

surrounding that case, including the background, experience, and conduct of the

182
    Id. (citations omitted).
183
    Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 835 (1975).
184
    Morrison v. State, 135 A.3d 69, 73 (Del. 2016) (citing Faretta, 422 U.S. 826-
32; Smith v. State, 996 A.2d 786 (Del. 2010); Briscoe v. State, 606 A.2d 103(Del.
1992)).

                                          26
accused.’”185 The trial judge must “make a thorough inquiry and ... take all steps

necessary to insure the fullest protection of this constitutional right.”186

      In United State v. Welty, the Third Circuit held that “at a minimum, to be

valid, a [defendant's] waiver must be made with an apprehension of the nature of

the charges, the statutory offenses included within them, the range of allowable

punishments thereunder, possible defenses to the charges and circumstances in

mitigation and all other facts essential to a broad understanding of the whole

matter.”187 The Third Circuit further noted that “[a] judge can make certain that an

accused's professed waiver of counsel is understandingly and wisely made only

form a penetrating and comprehensive examination of all the circumstances, and

only after bringing home to the defendant the perils he faces in dispensing with

legal representation.”188 The Third Circuit then enunciated guidelines for a trial

judge to use in determining whether a defendant is knowingly and intelligently

waiving the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. The trial judge should advise the

defendant, for example:

185
    Id. (citing Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477, 482 (1981) (quoting Johnson v.
Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 (1938))).
186
    Id. (quoting United states v. Salemo, 61 F.3d 214, 219 (3d. Cir. 1995)).
187
    United States v. Welty, 674 F.2d 185, 189 (3d. Cir. 1982).
188
    Id.

                                           27
      (1) that the defendant will have to conduct his defense in accordance with

the rules of evidence and criminal procedure, rules with which he may not be

familiar;

      (2) that the defendant may be hampered in presenting his best defense by his

lack of knowledge of the law;

      (3) that the effectiveness of his defense may well be diminished by his dual

role as attorney and accused;

      (4) the nature of the charges;

      (5) the statutory offenses included within them;

      (6) the range of allowable punishments thereunder;

      (7) possible defenses to the charges and circumstances in mitigation thereof;

and

      (8) all other facts essential to a broad understanding of the whole matter.189

The Delaware Supreme Court has adopted the Welty guidelines.190

      After corresponding with the Court while Edinger represented him, Cooper

did not bring his desire to represent himself to Brose’s attention or to the Court’s

attention until the State had presented its case at trial. Cooper could have raised

the issue with the Court during the suppression hearing he attended, but did not.191

189
    Id.
190
    Briscoe, 606 A.2d at 106-07.
191
    D.I. 55.

                                         28
He could have raised the issue prior to jury selection, which, as the State notes

occurred on a different date than the start of trial, but did not.192 In fact, it appears

that Cooper was cooperating with Brose. In a letter to Brose dated November 20,

2018, Cooper offers his thoughts on severance and other issues. 193 He concludes

the letter by saying, “This is my last request also to review evidence and I would

like ‘all’ my reports by the State or I would like to represent myself…”194 The

conditional nature of this statement certainly implies that Cooper was content to be

represented by Brose

      In addition to Cooper’s failure to press the issue during Brose’s

representation of him, Cooper’s conduct leads the Court to believe that he would

not have proceeded pro se if given the opportunity. First, after the Court was made

aware of Cooper’s professed desire to proceed pro se, it endeavored to comply

with its obligation to conduct a hearing – a hearing which potentially would have

resulted in Cooper representing himself for the balance of his trial.195 Cooper,

192
    State’s Resp., at 9, D.I. 160.
193
    Hg., Apr. 17, 2023, Def. Ex. 2.
194
    Id. (emphasis added).
195
    Trial Tr., Feb. 27, 2019, Volume I, at 21:3–18 (emphasis added).
        THE COURT: … So my question to you today is: How do you want to
        proceed?
        THE DEFENDANT: How do you mean how do we want to proceed? You
        said I can’t [proceed pro se], so we are here.
        THE COURT: Well, if you want to finish the trial, I will talk to you about
        that.
        THE DEFENDANT: Well, I would proceed pro se if I could start all over

                                           29
however, declined the Court’s offer to discuss the issue.196 Next, after trial, but

before sentencing, Cooper moved to proceed pro se.197 After some discussion with

the Court prior to sentencing, Cooper withdrew that motion.198

      After his direct appeal was decided, Cooper sought the assistance of counsel

in pursuing this postconviction relief motion.199 Levin was appointed for that

purpose.200 Cooper then moved to disqualify Levin based on a conflict of interest

due to Levin’s representation of a client involved in one of Cooper’s federal

matters.201 Levin responded to the motion agreeing that, after investigating the

alleged conflict, he was conflicted.202 Cooper had an apparent change of heart and

sought to abandon his disqualification motion.203 Levin responded that, in his

       again.
       THE COURT: You can’t.
       THE DEFENDANT: Okay. Well, we have to go with Mr. Brose then. I
don’t want to, but we have to. He started the case. He might as well finish it.
196
    Id. Cooper claims confusion as to what exactly the Court was offering. The
Court disagrees. The record is abundantly clear that it was offering Cooper the
option to proceed pro se for the remainder of trial. Id.
197
    D.I. 81.
198
    D.I. 84.
199
    Mot. for Appointment of Counsel, D.I. 121.
200
    D.I. 127.
201
    D.I. 132.
202
    D.I. 136.
203
    D.I. 137.

                                        30
opinion, the conflict was one which could not be waived.204 Ultimately, despite

Cooper’s vacillation, the Court granted Cooper’s motion to disqualify Levin.205

      After Levin’s departure, current counsel, Sparaco, was appointed to

represent Cooper.206 While all seems well with that relationship now, it did have

its moments in the past. On December 2, 2022, Sparaco moved to withdraw as

counsel.207 That motion recites Cooper’s dissatisfaction with Sparaco’s proposed

supplemental amended postconviction relief motion expressed to Sparaco, his

desire to represent himself expressed to conflicts counsel, and his recantation of

that desire expressed to Sparaco. 208 As a result, Sparaco’s motion to withdraw

requested that the Court hold a Faretta hearing.209 The Court held a hearing on the

motion to withdraw and denied it.210 After the hearing, Cooper filed a Motion for

Disqualification of Counsel/Motion to Stay211 and an amendment to that motion.212

Finally, Cooper wrote to the Court on February 2, 2023 withdrawing both the

motion for disqualification and the amended motion for disqualification.213 He

wrote, “On 12/12/2022 a hearing (Motion to Withdraw by Richard Sparaco) was

204
    D.I. 138.
205
    D.I. 141.
206
    D.I. 146.
207
    D.I. 150.
208
    Id.
209
    Id.
210
    D.I. 151.
211
    D.I. 153.
212
    Def.’s Amend. Mot. for Disqualification of Counsel/Mot. to Stay, D.I. 156.
213
    D.I. 157.

                                        31
conducted before Your Honor and a lot of my allegations in my motion that’s

before you were heard at that hearing which Your Honor denied. I apologize for

any inconvenience and I seek to withdraw mention motions. Thank You!”214

      The Court finds it probable that had the Court conducted the Welty inquiry,

and brought home to Cooper “the perils he face[d] in dispensing with legal

representation” as required by Welty, he would not have persisted in seeking to

represent himself. Those perils include that Cooper: (1) would have to conduct his

defense in accordance with the rules of evidence and criminal procedure; (2) may

be hampered by his lack of knowledge of the law; and (3) may have the

effectiveness of his defense diminished by his dual role as attorney and

defendant.215 Given Cooper’s oft expressed dissatisfaction with his out of state

attorneys’ purported unfamiliarity with Delaware law and procedure,216 it is

doubtful Cooper would have been willing to undertake self-representation with

even less familiarity with Delaware law and procedure than his appointed counsel.

Other disabilities of which the Court would have advised Cooper are the inherent

difficulties in litigating while incarcerated, such as limited access to a law library

and little to no investigative resources.

214
    Id.
215
    Welty, 674 F.2d at 189.
216
    See, e.g., Def.’s Resp. to Mot. to Withdraw as Counsel for Def., D.I. 152.

                                            32
      In its many interactions with Cooper, the Court found him to be an

obviously intelligent man. Thus, had the Court conducted a Welty inquiry, Cooper

would have recognized the wisdom of being represented by counsel and the perils

of self-representation.   The Court is convinced that he would have chosen to be

represented by counsel.217 After carefully reviewing the record and considering the

Court’s extensive personal interactions with Cooper, it is clear to the Court that he

has established a pattern of occasionally raising the specter pro se representation,

but, when confronted with the reality of that undertaking, exercises good judgment

and backs away. Accordingly, based on what Cooper said, did, and did not do, the

Court finds that Cooper has failed to meet his burden of showing there is a

reasonable probability that, but for Edinger’s failure to bring his pro se requests to

the attention of the Court, Cooper would have chosen to represent himself.

      Additionally, the Court finds that Cooper abandoned his attempts to

represent himself after Edinger was no longer his attorney until the State concluded

its case at trial. The genesis of Cooper’s initial request to represent himself was his

dissatisfaction with Edinger’s representation – “I hold Mr. Edinger to be

incompetent to represent me in this matter and I respectfully ask the Court that I be

217
   The Court discounts Cooper’s testimony to the contrary at the hearing on this
motion as self-serving. At that same hearing, he conceded that if given a new trial
he may not actually proceed pro se. Specifically, and in response to the Court’s
direct inquiry into what he would do should it grant a new trial, Cooper stated that
he would look into retaining private counsel, one who would align with his
objectives.

                                          33
allowed to proceed pro se.”218 Cooper’s correspondence to the Court seeking to

represent himself ceased when Edinger left and Brose entered. In fact, Cooper

never asked Brose to raise the issue with the Court or advise him that he wanted to

proceed pro se.219 As noted, if Cooper truly wanted to represent himself, he had

ample opportunity to raise the issue directly with the Court prior to trial, but never

did. The Court concludes that Cooper abandoned his attempt to represent himself

at the time Edinger ceased representing him because the reason he wanted to do so

no longer existed.

      B. Counsel’s Discussion of the Entrapment Defense During Opening
         Statements does not Entitle Cooper to Postconviction Relief.

        Cooper contends that despite conceding factual guilt in opening statement,

Brose failed to put on an entrapment defense.220 He claims this was a serious error

because Brose was obligated to abide by Cooper’s objective “to maintain innocence

of the charged criminal acts and pursue an acquittal[.]”221 As such, he claims that

this failure resulted in “[him being] irreparably prejudiced[,]” justifying relief.222

218
    D.I. 7.
219
    Trial. Tr., Feb. 27, 2019, Volume I, at 24:12-17.
       MR. BROSE: And one more thing, Your Honor, for the record, Mr. Cooper
       has never indicated to me – he has been upset with my service from time to
       time. He has never indicated to me that he wanted to proceed pro se or I
       should put forward a motion pro se.
220
    Def.’s Am. Mot., D.I. 135, at 43; Def.’s Supp. Br., at 11–12, D.I. 154.
221
    Def.’s Supp. Br., at 12, D.I. 154.
222
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 44, D.I. 135.

                                            34
       The State counters that “Cooper’s insistence that he was entrapped … is

pure fiction[,]”223 and though the defense was ultimately abandoned, he benefitted

from counsel putting the idea in the jurors’ minds.224 Prejudice, therefore, cannot

exist. It also emphasizes that in addition to entrapment being “thoroughly litigated

pre-trial,”225 the Court also engaged in a colloquy with Cooper informing him of

the Pandora’s Box this defense risked opening, including his assuming a burden

that he would not otherwise have, and potentially opening the door to State’s

rebuttal. 226

       As pointed out by the State, “[t]rial counsel was not ineffective because

Cooper wisely abandoned this strategy during trial[.]”227 Trials are fluid, so while

Cooper initially “want[ed] to go down with the entrapment defense or not go down

at all,”228 this evidently changed during the course of trial. Cooper chose not to

call co-defendant Braxton.,229 a figure he claimed was willing and able to

corroborate his entrapment defense and who also exercised his right not to

223
    State’s Resp., at 11, D.I. 160.
224
    Id.
225
    Id. at 10 (citing D.I. 60).
226
    Id. at 10–12 (citing Trial Tr., Feb. 27, 2019, Volume I, at 25:13–26:12).
227
    Id.
228
    Trial Tr., Feb. 21, 2019, at 31:16–18.
229
    Trial Tr., Feb. 27, 2019, Volume I, at 37:1–16.

                                         35
testify.230 Cooper cannot now claim prejudice from his own decisions which were

all made after consultation with counsel.

        Second, the jury was instructed that it must reach its verdict “based solely

and exclusively on the evidence in the case[.]”231 and to not consider the attorneys’

comments as evidence.232       There is no reason to believe that the jury was

influenced by comments of counsel that were not evidence.233 Cooper, therefore,

has not established prejudice because there is no reasonable probability that the

result of his trial would have been different.

      C. Cooper’s Decision to Remain in Prison Clothes During Jury Selection
         does not Entitle Him to Postconviction Relief.
        Cooper argues that “trial counsel had an obligation to advise him of the

clearly negative inferences [being in prison clothing] would present to the jury and

the degree of prejudice that would fall upon the defendant, despite his

concession.”234 In support of his argument, Cooper points to Estelle v. Williams235

230
    Id. at 39:22–40:1.
231
    Trial Tr., Feb. 27, 2019, Volume I, at 105:2–3.
232
    Id. at 159:1–4 (“[w]hile it is very important that you listen to and consider what
the attorneys say during the trial, what they say is not evidence.”); id. at 160:23–
161:2 (“[s]tatements and arguments of counsel are not evidence in the case, unless
made as an admission or stipulation of fact.”)
233
    “Juries are presumed to follow the court’s instruction.” Phillips v. State, 154
A.3d 1146, 1157 (Del. 2017).
234
    Def.’s Supp. Br., at 15, D.I. 154.
235
    425 U.S. 501 (1976).

                                          36
and McGlotten v. State.236 He emphasizes Estelle’s prohibition on compelling a

defendant to appear in prison clothing (while conceding that the Supreme Court of

the United States denied relief on the basis of the defendant failing to object)237 and

McGlotten’s statement that “counsel should have advised McGlotten to wear

civilian clothing if he could obtain it…”238 Cooper also claims that counsel erred

in declining the Court’s offer to instruct the jury not to consider his clothing in

determining his guilt.239

      The State responds that Cooper, after consulting with counsel, elected to

forego a jury instruction on this exact issue, hoping to avoid bringing more

attention to the issue. 240 It also emphasizes that the Court instructed the jury on

the presumption of innocence with the understanding that “[j]uries … follow the

court’s instruction.”241 For the State, a temporary exposure to the jury in prison

clothes does not entitle Cooper to postconviction relief.242

      Once the Court became aware of Cooper wearing prison clothes, not only

did it suggest to counsel that he could go to Defense Services to get street

236
    26 A.3d 214 (Del. 2011) (TABLE).
237
    Def.’s Supp. Br., D.I. 154 at 16–17 (citing Estelle, 425 U.S. at 512–13)
238
    Id. at 17 (citing McGlotten, 26 A.3d).
239
    Id. at 17–18 (citation omitted).
240
    State’s Resp., at 12-13 (quoting Trial Tr., Feb. 21, 2019, at 74:4–5; “[w]e prefer
not to have the question asked.”), D.I. 160.
241
    Id. at 13 (quoting Phillips v. State, 154 A.3d 1146, 1157 (Del. 2017)).
242
    Id.

                                          37
clothes,243 it also told counsel to confirm how Cooper wanted to proceed.244

Despite these attempted safeguards, Cooper refused Defense Service’s clothing245

and informed the Court that he did not want to wear street clothes despite their

availability.246 The Court is not in the business of forcing street clothing on

defendants and it properly instructed the jury on its duty to return verdicts solely

on the evidence presented247 and on the presumption of innocence.248

      Cooper’s decision to wear prison clothing during jury selection was

voluntary and free of any Estelle-like compulsion. Any potential prejudice that his

243
    Trial Tr. Feb. 21, 2019, at 2:19–4:2.
244
    Id. at 71:23–72:14.
        THE COURT: The whole concept of people dressed in prison clothes sort of
        begs the obvious because you have two correctional officers standing behind
        moving with him wherever he goes if he were to testify.
        It is pretty obvious he is incarcerated in any case where a defendant is
        incarcerated.
        The point is it seems to me to be a minor one, but there we do have this case
        law that says we have to be solicitous of defendant’s desire in that area. So,
        Mr. Brose, when we go back in the courtroom and if you can just talk, ask
him briefly that question.
        BROSE: Okay.
245
    Id. at 45:14–18.
246
    Id. at 45:21–46:2.
        THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor. [Brose is] absolutely right [that
Cooper preferred to wear prison clothes]. Matter of fact, I didn’t ask him to contact
family members or anything. I let the jurors see me like this. This is what it is. This
is me. Id. at 46:20–23.
        THE COURT: It’s okay with you to go ahead and pick a jury with you
dressed
        in those [prison] clothes?
        THE DEFENDANT: Yes.
247
    Trial Tr., Feb. 27, 2019, Volume I, at 105:2–3.
248
    Id. at 156:3–5.

                                          38
decision caused was cured with the Court’s jury instructions.249 The Court has no

reason to believe that Brose did not follow its instruction to solicit Cooper’s desires

in this area250 before choosing to forego an instruction.251 Nevertheless, Brose’s

decision to forego an instruction in order not to call further attention to Cooper’s

clothing falls well within Strickland’s standard of objectively reasonable

professional assistance. In considering all the above, the Court will not disrupt the

jury’s verdicts because Cooper now regrets his choice of clothing.

      D. None of Cooper’s Allegations Concerning Counsel’s Approach to
         Meaningfully Testing the State’s Case and Safeguarding Cooper’s Sixth
         and Fourteenth Amendment Rights Entitle Him to Postconviction
         Relief.
        Cooper alleges five ways in which counsel “failed to subject the State’s case

to meaningful adversarial testing and was otherwise ineffective in violation of

defendant’s Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment rights.”252 He contends that Brose

failed to: (1) object to Special Agent Haney testifying on the ultimate issue of

249
    “Juries are presumed to follow the court’s instruction.” Phillips, 154 A.3d at
1157.
250
    See Trial Tr. Feb. 21, 2019, at 72:9–19.
        THE COURT: … there we do have this case law that says we have to be
        solicitous of defendant’s desire in [terms of clothing]. So, Mr. Brose, when
        we go back in the courtroom and if you can just talk, ask him briefly that
        question.
        MR. BROSE: Okay.
        THE COURT: And let me know what his response is, and we’ll take it from
        there.
        MR. BROSE: All right.
251
    Id. at 74:4–5.
252
    Def.’s Supp. Br., at 18, D.I. 154.

                                          39
Cooper’s involvement in the drug trade organization;253 (2) move for a Franks

Hearing;254 (3) to safeguard his Fifth Amendment right to remain silent by not

objecting to the Court’s ruling on disclosing the confidential informant’s

identity;255   (4) raise on appeal the issue of the admission in evidence of

codefendants’ pleas;256 and (5) raise at trial and on direct appeal the issue of the

violation of Cooper’s right to a speedy trial.257 The State denies each allegation.258

       1. Ultimate Issue.

       Cooper claims that Brose was ineffective when he failed to object to Special

Agent Haney discussing Cooper’s alleged role in the drug trade organization.259

Cooper claims that Special Agent Haney, testifying as a lay witness, was not

qualified to present his opinion on the ultimate issue under Delaware Rules of

Evidence 602 and 701.260 He claims that this improper testimony “certainly had

the capability of swaying the jury in favor of the State and the result would have

been different had this evidence not been allowed.”261

253
    Id. at 19–21.
254
    Id. at 21–23.
255
    Id. at 23–24.
256
    Id. at 24–26.
257
    Id. at 26–29.
258
    State’s Resp., at 13–25, D.I. 160.
259
    Def.’s Supp. Br., at 19, D.I. 154.
260
    Id. at 19–21.
261
    Id. at 21.

                                          40
      The State answers that Special Agent Haney was testifying as an expert and

that counsel was informed of this designation in advance of trial.262 It also notes

that this argument “should be considered moot” because Cooper was acquitted of

Conspiracy to Commit Criminal Racketeering, the crime which Special Agent

Haney had been discussing.263

      This claim fails both prongs of Strickland. Special Agent Haney’s testimony

was not objectionable as improper lay testimony on the ultimate issue since he was

a designated expert.     Thus, Brose’s failure to object did not demonstrate

performance deficiency. Further, Cooper was acquitted on the charge to which

Special Agent Haney’s opinion related. Therefore, Cooper suffered no prejudice.

      2. Franks Hearing.

      Referencing Cooper’s Certification in Support of Postconviction Relief and

Levin’s Amended Motion, Cooper’s Supplemental Brief contends that Brose was

ineffective in failing to request a Franks hearing.264 Under Franks v. Delaware, a

defendant may request such a hearing in cases of alleged falsehoods used by law

enforcement for establishing probable cause.265 Similarly, a defendant may request

262
    State’s Resp., at 14, D.I. 160.
263
    Id.
264
    Def.’s Supp. Br. at 21-23, D.I. 154.
265
    Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978).

                                        41
what is known as a “reverse Franks hearing” where the police deliberately or

recklessly omit information material to determining probable cause.266

      Levin’s Amended Motion identifies certain statements or information in

specific paragraphs of identical probable cause affidavits in support of search

warrants for Unit 8 and Apartment 1 that Cooper alleges contain false

information.267    The State addresses each claimed falsehood or omission and

argues that “[c]learly, all of Cooper’s attempts to undermine the confidential

informant and the warrant would have failed. Trial Counsel cannot be deemed

ineffective for failing to bring a Franks motion that would have lost.” 268

      The Court agrees with the State. After carefully reviewing the claimed

falsehoods or omissions, the Court finds that they either were not false and/or did

not affect the determination of probable cause. In paragraph 18 of the affidavit

Cooper challenges the statement that Special Agent Haney was contacted by CS5

in December and that CS5 advised that the “shop was somewhere along the

Governor Printz Boulevard.”269 Neither of the challenged statements is false, and

both are de minimus. The State has submitted documentation that Special Agent

Haney was contacted by CS5 in December 2017.270 Further, the shop at Unit 8 on

266
    Sisson v. State, 903 A.2d 288, 296 (Del. 2006).
267
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 34-39, D.I. 135.
268
    State’s Resp., at 18– 19; 23-24, D.I. 160.
269
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 34, D.I. 135.
270
    State’s Resp, Ex. D, D.I. 160.

                                         42
Downing Drive is indeed “off of” Northeast Boulevard which becomes Governor

Printz Boulevard once it leaves the City of Wilmington.

      Cooper alleges paragraph 25 is misleading in that it states that Special Agent

Haney met with CS5 but failed to mention that Officer Mark Hogate was

present.271 He also claims that Special Agent Haney illegally place a wire on CS5

to allow him to illegally record his conversation with Cooper. Officer Hogate’s

presence or absence at the meeting is irrelevant to a determination of probable

cause. The State explains that CS5 consented to the recording, FBI approval had

been obtained, and Delaware is a “one-party consent” state.272        Cooper cites

nothing to the contrary to establish the recording was illegal.

      Cooper alleges that paragraph 26 contains numerous false statements, mostly

involving surveillance of him.273 The State provides detailed rejoinders to each

claimed falsity. Cooper surmises that law enforcement employed illegal GPS

monitoring in conducting its surveillance.274 However, the State describes how

that surveillance was conducted without GPS by using various police officers as

well as a helicopter.275 It is plain from the State’s submission that had a Franks

271
    Def.’s Amend. Mot., at 35, D.I. 135.
272
    State’s Resp. at 18, D.I. 160.
273
    Def.’s Am. Mot. at 35-37, D.I. 135.
274
    Id.
275
    State’s resp., at 18-20, D.I. 160.

                                           43
hearing been held, the State would have been able to refute all of Cooper’s

challenges to the contents of paragraph 26.

      Finally, Cooper alleges that paragraph 28 contains false information

concerning an undercover officer’s observation of him purchasing gun cleaning

equipment at a Walmart store.276 Specifically, he claims that this information was

unknowable to the affiant when he applied for the search warrants and is

inconsistent with the surveillance log.277    The State responds with the simple

explanation that Cooper was observed making the purchase by an undercover

officer who called the affiant with his observation.278   The affiant then included

the information in the affidavit.279 Again, the Court finds no reason to believe that

this claim would have succeeded at a Franks hearing.

      The Court finds further support for its finding that a Franks hearing would

have been fruitless in Cooper v. State.280 Specifically, as part of its analysis, the

Delaware Supreme Court considered CS5’s reliability and the extent to which

police investigations corroborated his claims.281 The Court ultimately found that

“the information provided by CS5 was substantially corroborated by independent

276
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 37-39.
277
    Id. at 38.
278
    State’s Resp., at 20-21.
279
    Id.
280
    Cooper, 228 A.3d 399.
281
    Id. at 405.

                                         44
police surveillance and information.”282 It also found that the issuing judge was

justified in finding CS5 (and his/her supplied information) to be reliable.283

       The Court finds that Brose was not ineffective in failing to request a Franks

hearing. There is no reasonable probability that had a Franks hearing been held,

and all of Cooper’s allegations fully litigated, that the hearing would have resulted

in the suppression of evidence seized from the execution of the search warrants.

       3. Fifth Amendment and Disclosure of Confidential Informant’s
          Identity.

       Cooper argues that Brose was ineffective for failing to object to the Court’s

direction that Cooper either must testify or otherwise present an entrapment

defense before it would order disclosure of the confidential informant’s identity.284

He claims that D.R.E. 509’s shield on disclosure does not apply in this case

because Cooper was pursuing an entrapment defense, claiming that the confidential

informant’s involvement in the controlled buy made him/her “an actual party to the

illegal transaction.”285

       The State responds that “[Cooper’s] argument mischaracterizes the

record[,]” emphasizing that counsel did file to reveal the confidential informant’s

282
    Id.
283
    Id.
284
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 52–54, D.I. 135; Def.’s Supp. Br., at 23–24, D.I. 154.
285
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 53, D.I. 135. See State v. Flowers, 316 A.2d 563, 567 (Del.
Super. 1973); Butcher v. State, 906 A.2d 798, 802–03 (Del. 2006).

                                          45
identity.286 It claims that the confidential informant’s role changed after it dropped

all of the charges in which the informant made controlled purchases from Cooper,

shifting from being a participant in the crime to only helping the State establish

probable cause for a search.287       The State argues that the Court followed

appropriate disclosure protocols and, after a “thorough colloquy on the question of

testifying in his own defense,”      Cooper himself decided that he would not

testify.288

       The Court did not prevent Cooper from testifying, nor did it prevent him

from presenting an entrapment defense. It merely conditioned disclosure of the

informants identity on presenting an entrapment defense by either testifying “or

somehow else present[ing] an entrapment defense.”289 Cooper’s invocation of the

entrapment defense in opening, without supporting it through the presentation of

evidence, was insufficient to trigger disclosure. Simply put, Cooper never satisfied

any of the “couple of contingencies” the Court set for disclosure to be triggered.290

He never presented an entrapment defense, either by testifying himself or

otherwise offering any evidence to support such a defense.              Further, the

confidential informant was not a party to any of the illegal acts with which Cooper

286
    State’s Resp., at 24 (citing D.I. 46), D.I. 160.
287
    Id.
288
    Id.
289
    Trial Tr., Feb. 25, 2019, at 36:20–22 (emphasis added).
290
    See id. at 37:5–7.

                                         46
was charged. The informant was used merely to establish probable cause for

search warrants. In that role disclosure is not triggered under Flowers.

      4. Failure to Appeal Admission of Codefendants’ Plea Agreements.

      Relying on Allen v. State,291 Cooper argues that trial counsel was ineffective

in not objecting to the lack of a jury instruction circumscribing the purposes for

which the jury could consider the pleas and that appellate counsel was ineffective

in failing to raise this issue on direct appeal.292 He argues that due to these failures,

Cooper “was denied the right to a fair trial, the conviction and sentences should be

reversed, and the matter remanded for a new trial.”293

      The State counters that this matter was not only thoroughly discussed before

presentation to the jury,294 but that the Court also “carefully limited the use of the

plea agreements by codefendants for a proper purpose – to establish predicate acts

of the criminal enterprise that were not acts by Cooper.”295 In considering the

outcome of the trial, the State also argues that the matter became moot because

Cooper was acquitted of the conspiracy to commit racketeering charge, negating

any prejudice argument.296

291
    878 A.2d 447 (Del. 2005).
292
    Def.’s Supp. Br., at 24–26, .D.I. 154.
293
    Id. at 26.
294
    State’s Resp., D.I. 160, at 24 (citing Trial Tr., Feb. 26, 2019, at 98:10–131:12).
295
    Id. at 25; Trial Tr., Feb. 26, 2019, at 199:8–201:6.
296
    State’s Resp., at 25, D.I. 160.

                                           47
      The State is correct. Brose voiced concern about the pleas’ admission,297

resulting in several discussions on this exact issue.298      After making editing

recommendations to the State’s proposed limiting instruction,299          Brose was

satisfied with the instruction.300 In the event, the Court gave a limiting instruction

directing the jury to consider the plea agreements only in connection with the

State’s attempt to prove the predicate acts necessary to establish a criminal

enterprise.301 It also cautioned the jury that the fact that some individuals had

entered into plea agreements was not evidence that Cooper committed any of the

crimes with which he was charged.302 Importantly, Cooper was acquitted of the

charge to which the plea agreements related. Given his acquittal on the relevant

charge, Cooper clearly was not prejudiced by the admission of codefendants’ plea

agreements. Further, neither trial counsel, nor appellate counsel failed to meet

Strickland’s objective standard of reasonable representation.303

      5. Speedy Trial

297
    E.g., Trial Tr., Feb. 26, 2019, at 103:16–110:5; 120:8–15.
298
    The Court expressed its thoughts at length on the plea agreement issue. Id. at
182:13–189:17.
299
    Id. at 193:4–195:6.
300
    Id. at 195:7–8.
301
    Id. at 199:8-201:3.
302
    Id. at 200:9-12.
303
     The fact that appellate counsel filed a merits brief on appeal raising more
meritorious issues, further insulates them against a claim of performance
deficiency.

                                         48
       Cooper claims that his right to a speedy trial was violated under the United

States and Delaware constitutions304 Relying in large part on Barker v. Wingo’s305

four-factor balancing test, Cooper argues that Edinger was ineffective in not filing

his March 25, 2018 pro se motion alleging violation of his right to a speedy trial306

and that Brose was similarly ineffective for moving for severance rather than

objecting to the superseding indictments.307 The Barker v. Wingo factors are: (1)

length of the delay; (2) reason for the delay: (3) whether the defendant asserted his

right; and (4) any resulting prejudice. 308 Cooper claims that he “was inherently

prejudiced by the fact that he was incarcerated for thirteen months while he waited

to confront the evidence against him.”309

      In addition to arguing that this claim is procedurally barred,310 the State

emphasizes that Edinger “was out of the case more than six months before the trial

began,” and that numerous other facts weigh against finding that Cooper’s right to

a speedy trial was violated.311     It notes that the seriousness of the charges,

complexity of the case, change in counsel, and the fact that he was tried “within 13

304
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 41, D.I. 135; Def.’s Supp. Br., at 26, D.I. 154.
305
    Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972).
306
    Def.’s Supp. Br., at 27–28, D.I. 154.
307
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 42, D.I. 135.
308
    Barker, 407 U.S. at 530.
309
    Def.’s Supp. Br., at 28, D.I. 154.
310
    State’s Resp., at 25, D.I. 160.
311
    Id. at 28, ¶e.

                                          49
months of his arrest – and several months before earlier indicted codefendants had

their trials” all weigh against such a finding.312

      Cooper was originally indicted on January 16, 2018, and trial took place

from February 25–28, 2019. The docket reflects three trial dates – June 19,

2018,313 October 29, 2018,314 and February 25, 2029.315          It appears that the

rescheduling of the June 19th trial was caused by a reindictment of “all related and

active RICO cases” totaling 40 defendants on June 4 th.316 The Office of Conflicts

Counsel moved for Brose’s admission pro hac vice on August 10, 2018,317

presumably due to Edinger’s office having a conflict in representing Cooper after

the reindictment,318 The October 19th trial date was rescheduled due to Brose

having only recently entered his appearance.319

      The factors the Court considers determining whether a speedy trial violation

under Barker v. Wingo are: (1) the length of the delay; (2) the reason from the

delay; (3) the defendant’s assertion of his right to a speedy trial; and (4) prejudice

312
    Id. at 25 (citations omitted).
313
    D.I. 4. D.I. 39 (trial scheduled for February 25, 2019).
314
    D.I. 23.
315
    D.I. 39.
316
    D.I. 17.
317
    D.I. 27.
318
    The record is unclear why there was a substitution of counsel, although it is
likely that the Public Defender’s Office, where Edinger was employed, learned it
had a conflict of interest involving another client due to the reindictment.
319
    D.I. 31.

                                           50
to the defendant resulting from the delay.320 The length of the delay is the trigger

that necessitates the consideration of the other three Barker factors. “[U]ntil there

is some delay which is presumptively prejudicial, there is no necessity for

inquiring into the other factors that go into the balance.”321 No specific length of

delay automatically violates the right to a speedy trial; rather the length is

“dependent on the peculiar circumstances of the case.”322 The factors are related

and no one factor is conclusive.323 The Delaware Supreme Court has held that if the

delay between arrest or indictment and trial approaches one year, then the Court

will generally consider the other factors.324

      The length of the delay was 13 months. This factor weighs in Cooper’s

favor, and so, the Court considers the other factors.

      The delay was occasioned by several factors. The charges were serious.

The case was extremely complex, involving allegations that Cooper was part of an

extensive criminal enterprise. At one time, the case involved as many as 40

defendants.325 There was a change in defense counsel mid-way through the time

320
    Barker, 407 U.S. at 530.
321
    Id.
322
    Id. at 530-531.
323
    Rivera v. State, 2023 WL 1978878, at *5 (Del. 2023) (citing Middlebrook v.
State, 802 A.2d 268, 273 (Del. 2002)).
324
    Id. (citing Cooper v. State, 2011 WL 6039613, at *7 (Del. 2011)).
325
    D.I. 17.

                                          51
the case was pending, necessitating a defense request to reschedule the October

2018 trial.326 The reasons for the delay very strongly disfavor Cooper.

      Cooper alleges Edinger and Brose were ineffective in failing to assert his

right to a speedy trial. Therefore, for purposes of this analysis, the Court will treat

Cooper as having asserted his right, so that this factor favors Cooper.

      Finally, the Court considers prejudice to Cooper. The Court considers

prejudice in light of the interests that the right to a speedy trial is designed to

protect: “(1) preventing oppressive pretrial incarceration; (2) minimizing the

anxiety and concern of the accused; and (3) limiting the possibility that the defense

will be impaired.”327 Cooper was incarcerated throughout the pretrial proceedings.

While he asserts that he “was under the constant stress and apprehension of having

his life forever altered by the possibility of a guilty verdict[,]”328 that stress and

apprehension is more appropriately attributed to the seriousness of the charges and

the strength of the State’s case, than to any pretrial delay. Evidence of the fact that

Cooper was less concerned about the delay than the charges are his requests to

continue the trial by letter dated February 22, 2019,329 and orally after jury

selection, but before the presentation of evidence.330 Most importantly in the

326
    D.I. 31.
327
    Rivera, at *6 (quoting Weber v. State, 971 A.2d 135, 162 (Del. 2009)).
328
    Def.’s Supp. Br., at 28, D.I. 154.
329
    D.I. 64.
330
    Trial Tr., Feb. 25, 2019, at 3:23-4:17.

                                          52
Court’s view is the fact that Cooper does not assert that his defense was impaired

in any way by the delay. This factor favors the State.

         Having considered all of the Barker v. Wingo factors, the Court concludes

that they weigh against finding a violation of Cooper’s right to a speedy trial.

Although more than a year passed between his arrest and trial, nearly half of that

delay was not attributable to the State, and Cooper failed to show that the delay

impaired his defense in any way.

         Edinger represented Cooper for less than seven months. At the time he left

the case, there had been no violation of Cooper’s speedy trial rights. For that

reason, Edinger was not ineffective in failing to move to dismiss the indictment

based on a violation of Cooper’s speedy trial rights. Similarly, Brose had no basis

to move to dismiss the indictment based on a violation of Cooper’s speedy trial

rights. Since there was no violation of Cooper’s speedy trial rights, appellate

counsel was not ineffective in not raising a speedy trial claim on appeal.

      E. Trial Counsel was not Ineffective in not Calling Kiayre Braxton as a
         Witness.
         Cooper takes issue with Brose’s failure to call Braxton to testify “despite his

availability to testify and his ability to present clearly exculpatory evidence in

favor of the defendant.”331 After some vacillation between testifying and not

331
      Def.’s Supp. Br., at 30, D.I. 154; Braxton Aff., DA 684, D.I. 155.

                                            53
testifying, Braxton was ultimately willing to testify.332          Brose was given

permission to speak with him, but “told [Braxton] that he could not help the

defendant or the defense” and did not call him to testify.333 Cooper claims that

Brose’s election not to call Braxton to testify constitutes ineffective assistance of

counsel.334

       The State contends that “Cooper attempts to invert the much-scrutinized

transcripts and recordings with the confidential informant (both his own and

Braxton’s) and ignores the photo evidence the investigators preserved from

Cooper’s Instagram pages (before Cooper deleted the images)” – all to argue that

he was somehow entrapped.”335 It also emphasizes that it was Cooper’s decision

not to call Braxton336 and that Braxton’s testimony would have been beneficial to

the State.337

       Braxton initially intended to invoke his Fifth Amendment rights,338 but after

speaking with his counsel, he elected to testify.339 After speaking with Braxton,

Brose informed the Court that “[he] advised Mr. Cooper, in [his] opinion, [he]

would not call [Braxton] to testify. It’s against [his] advice to have him testify, but

332
    Id.
333
    Id.
334
    Id. at 30–31.
335
    State’s Resp., at 26–27, D.I. 160.
336
    Id. at 27 citing Trial Tr., Feb. 27, 2019, at 37:1–16.
337
    State’s Resp., D.I. 160 at 27.
338
    Trial Tr. Feb. 27, 2019, D.I. 155, at 2:13–15.
339
    Id. at 31:2–21.

                                           54
Mr. Cooper desires to have [Braxton] testify.”340 However, as the State noted,

Cooper himself ultimately elected not to call Braxton to testify.341 “Whether to call

a witness, and how to cross-examine those who are called are tactical decisions.”342

A defendant challenging such decisions has the burden of supplying what

information “would have been obtained had [counsel] undertaken the desired

investigation’ and how this information would have changed the result. The

defendant must ‘substantiate his concrete allegations of actual prejudice or else risk

summary dismissal.’”343

      Here, Brose’s ability to conduct a thorough debriefing of Braxton was

impaired by the fact that Braxton was Cooper’s codefendant and was represented

by counsel. Braxton did not resolve his case until February 11, 2019 – two weeks

before Cooper went to trial.344     Further, he did not agree to waive his Fifth

Amendment rights until only moments before he would have testified.345 Under

those circumstances, Brose had no meaningful opportunity to discuss Braxton’s

testimony with him. It is apparent that Braxton would have brought considerable

baggage with him to the witness stand, having entered guilty pleas to Conspiracy

to Commit Racketeering, Drug Dealing (Heroin), and three counts of PFDCF in

340
    Id. at 35:23–36:4.
341
    State’s Resp. at 27, D.I. 160.
342
    Outten, 720 A.2d at 557.
343
    State v. Powell, 2016 WL 3023740 at 25 (quoting id.).
344
    See, State v. Braxton, 2021 WL 4462593 (Del. Super. Sep. 29, 2021).
345
    Trial Tr., Feb. 27, 2019, at 31:2-21.

                                         55
the same case in which Cooper was charged.346 Importantly, by admitting he was

guilty of conspiring to commit racketeering, Braxton admitted to conspiring with

Cooper since they were listed as codefendants in that charge.347 Certainly, that

admission would have created a substantial problem for Cooper in avoiding

conviction on the conspiracy charge. Braxton also was the subject of any number

of surreptitiously recorded conversations with CS5.348 After having had a brief

opportunity to speak with Braxton, Brose decided that he would not be helpful,

and, in consultation with Cooper, made the entirely reasonable decision not to call

Braxton. In doing so, Cooper avoided enhancing his risk of being convicted of

Conspiracy to Commit Racketeering due to Braxton’s admission that he conspired

with Cooper to commit that crime, as well as any other risks, known and unknown,

Braxton’s testimony presented. Brose’s decision to refrain from calling Braxton as

a witness clearly was professionally reasonable. Arguably it would have been

calling him as a witness that would have been professionally unreasonable.

      F. Resubmitted Prior Claims.

        The Supplemental Brief filed by current postconviction counsel resubmits

all of the claims included in Levin’s Amended motion and Cooper’s pro se

346
    Id.
347
    Reindictment, Count Two, D.I. 30.
348
    See, e.g. State’s Resp., at 22-23, D.I. 160.

                                           56
Motion.349 Levin attempted to structure his Amended Motion to track as closely as

possible Cooper’s pro se Motion.350 For that reason, the Court addresses the two

motions concurrently.351     The Supplemental Brief identified, restated, and

expanded upon certain of the claims raised in the earlier motions. All of those

restated and expanded claims in the Supplemental Brief were resolved above.

Finally, Levin’s Amended Motion identifies those claims raised by Cooper that

Levin considers to be without merit and Levin explains his reasons for those

conclusions. The Court has carefully reviewed those “no merit issues” and agrees

with Levin that each of them is without merit for the reason Levin offers.

      In his Amended Motion, Levin identifies what he considers meritorious

ineffective assistance of counsel claims raised by Cooper in his pro se Motion

relating to Edinger as Edinger failing to bring motions on Cooper’s behalf to allow

him to proceed pro se;352 to assert a speedy trial violation and to object to the

superseding indictment.353 The Court addressed these claims in Sections V. A. and

V. D. 5, respectively.

349
    Def.’s Supp. Br., at 32-36, D.I. 152.
350
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 31, D.I. 135.
351
    The Amended Motion did not address Cooper’s claim in his pro se Motion that
Volturo was ineffective in moving Brose’s admission pro hac vice. The Court has
considered the claim and finds it to be without merit.
352
    Id. at 31-33.
353
    Id. at 41-42.

                                        57
      Regarding Brose, Levin alleges multiple acts or omissions he deems

constitute ineffective assistance of counsel. The Court addresses each in turn.

      1.     Brose was ineffective in failing to challenge the veracity of the

affidavits in support of the search warrants and file a Franks Motion regarding

CS5’s false allegations.354 The Court addressed this claim in Section V. D. 2.

      2.     Brose was ineffective in failing to present an entrapment defense after

admitting Cooper’s guilt in his opening statement.355 The Court addressed this

claim in Section V. B.

      3.     Brose was ineffective in failing to object to Special Agent Haney’s

testimony regarding a photograph of a Ruger P85 firearm sent to him by the

confidential informant in violation of Cooper’s Sixth Amendment confrontation

rights.356 During the search of Unit 8, a Ruger P85 firearm was recovered. Cooper

was found guilty of possession this weapon. The Court finds no merit in Cooper’s

Sixth Amendment claim, inasmuch as the photograph was from Cooper’s own

Instagram account. More importantly, Cooper has failed to demonstrate prejudice

from the admission of the photograph. The firearm itself was located in Unit 8

354
    Id. at 33-39.
355
    Id. at 43-44.
356
    Id. at 44-46. Levin writes, “The photos that the informant sent to Agent Haney
were never turned over to the defense during discovery. The photos also were not
included in the Instagram records recovered from the State’s search warrant of Mr.
Cooper’s Instagram.” The Amended Motion only references and raises an issue
one regarding photograph, nor does it substantiate the discovery claim.

                                         58
which was associated with Cooper, and Cooper was convicted of possessing other

contraband recovered from that location.

      4.    Brose was ineffective in failing to use police reports to impeach

officers and the State’s forensic chemist expert witness.357 Cooper faults Brose for

failing to challenge a discrepancy between the weight of the heroin reported by

Det. Barnes and the forensic chemist and the chemist’s methodology for

calculation its weight.358 Cooper was convicted of possessing with the intent to

deliver four grams or more of heroin 359 and aggravated possession of five grams or

more of heroin.360 Those convictions merged for sentencing.361 Cooper has failed

to demonstrate prejudice related to any aspect of the forensic drug analysis. Both

the weight described by Det. Barnes and by the forensic chemist are well in excess

of five grams.

      5.    Cooper has not produced any evidence on postconviction relief that

would undermine either the conclusion that the substance was heroin or that the

combined weight exceeded five grams.

      6.    Brose was ineffective in failing to investigate and call witnesses

regarding the drugs and firearms seized during the execution of the search warrant

357
    Id. at 47-48.
358
    Id.
359
    Reindictment, Count 4, Drug Dealing Heroin, D.I. 30.
360
    Id. Count 5, Aggravated Possession of Heroin.
361
    Sentencing Tr., May 31, 2019, at 20, 33-34.

                                        59
at the shop I support of Cooper’s contention that the drugs and firearms were

planted by various law enforcement officers.362 This claim is conclusory and

unsubstantiated, and Cooper fails to identify any witnesses whose testimony would

support it.

      7.      Brose was ineffective in failing to file for discovery and inspection.363

Here, Levin does little more than restate Cooper’s claim. There is no support in

the record for this allegation that Brose did not request discovery. To the extend

Cooper alleges Brose failed to identify the technician who provided Instagram

records to the State or the officers who found the contraband, he has failed to

demonstrate prejudice.

      8.      Brose was ineffective in failing to object to Instagram photographs

and retain and expert.364 To the extent this claim relates to Special Agent Haney,

the Court addressed it in Section V. F. 3. Cooper, through Levin, fails to articulate

a basis to object to other Instagram photographs obtained by search warrants.

Further, he has failed to articulate any reason to conclude that had Brose retained

an expert, that expert would have been helpful.

362
    Def.’s Am. Mot. at 49-50, D.I. 135.
363
    Id. at 52.
364
    Id. Levin notes this claim is redundant.

                                          60
       9.     Brose was ineffective in failing to object to the Court’s decision

regarding the confidential informant’s identity.365 The Court addressed this issue

in Section V. D. 3.

       10.    Brose was ineffective in failing to move for a new trial.366 Levin

restates Cooper’s claim that had Brose moved for a new trial on the grounds that

the reindictment prejudiced his case, no officers from the shop testified, and the

State’s drug expert miscalculated the quantity of heroin, he would have been

granted a new trial. The Court has considered these arguments and concludes that

it would not have ordered a new trial based on them.

       11.    Brose was ineffective in failing to object to the State’s FBI fingerprint

expert’s report and testimony.367 Levin offers, “Given the unreliability of latent

fingerprint forensic science, Attorney Brose has no justifiable reason for failing to

ask a single question on cross-examination.”368 Cooper has failed to demonstrate

prejudice. Levin provides no support for his statement regarding the reliability of

fingerprint forensic science, nor does he provide any expert opinion to contest the

State’s trial evidence.

365
    Id. at 52-54.
366
    Id. at 54-55.
367
    Id. at 55-56.
368
    Id. at 56.

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      12.    Brose was ineffective in failing to object to the State’s DNA expert’s

report and testimony.369 Levin fails to articulate a basis to object to the witness’

report, nor does he offer any expert evidence to challenge he conclusions.370

Accordingly, he has not demonstrated prejudice.

      13.    Brose was ineffective in failing to move to suppress DNA samples

collected from Cooper.371 Neither Cooper, nor either of his postconviction relief

counsel provided the Court with the probable cause affidavit in support of the

DNA search warrant in order to substantiate their claim that it lacked probable

cause. In any event, Cooper concedes in his pro se Motion that his DNA was

already “in the system” from other cases.372        Accordingly, he cannot show

prejudice.

      14.    Brose was ineffective in failing to request a missing witness

instruction for an unidentified confidential informant.373 The Court finds no basis

for a missing witness instruction, and the absence of such an instruction had no

bearing on the outcome of the case.

369
    Id. at 57-59.
370
     Brose obtained a DNA whose results were consistent with the FBI expert’s
conclusions. Id. at 46.
371
    Id. at 59-61.
372
    Def,’s pro se Mot., D.I. 120
373
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 61-62, D.I. 135.

                                        62
      The Court now turns to the claims raised by Cooper in his pro se Motion

that Levin deems to be without merit.

      15.    Brose was ineffective for failing to file motions to suppress regarding

FBI GPS surveillance and wiretap. 374 Levin states that “[t]he wiretap and GPS

evidence was legally obtained by the FBI through various subpoenas.” The fact

that federal agents obtained the evidence is immaterial to the legality of the

evidence collection. The Court agrees.

      15.     Brose was ineffective for failing to move for dismissal for lack of

jurisdiction and illegal arrest.375   Levin states that Delaware’s state court has

jurisdiction. The Court agrees.

      16.     Brose was ineffective in failing to seek a DNA expert regarding the

testing of Cooper’s DNA swabs.376 Levin explains that this claim is without merit

because Brose retained an expert who confirmed the accuracy of the State’s

expert’s report and testimony.377 The Court agrees.

      17.    Brose was ineffective for failing to object to a different judge other

than the one who presided over the trial handling a note from the jury.378 Levin

states that Cooper suffered no prejudice because the parties agreed to the answer to

374
    Amended Mot., at 39., D.I. 135
375
    Id. at 40.
376
    Id. at 46-47.
377
    Id. at 47.
378
    Id. at 50-51.

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the jury’s note which delt with a count on which Cooper was acquitted.379 The

Court agrees.

      18.         Brose was ineffective for stipulating to Cooper’s prior record.380

Cooper alleges that his prior convictions are for trafficking in heroin, possession

with the intent to deliver, and maintaining a vehicle for the possession of

controlled substances are ‘“no longer in the Delaware law books since 2011.”’381

Brose discussed the stipulation with Cooper, which Cooper signed.382 Levin states

that the fact that some offenses are no longer in the books does not alter Cooper’s

prohibited status.383 The Court agrees.

      19.       Brose failed to move to sequester two State’s witnesses who were

allowed to sit a counsel table.384 The witnesses we chief investigating officers.

Levin explains that sequestration of witnesses is within the Court’s discretion and

chief investigation officers are not excluded.385 The Court agrees.

      20.       Brose failed to object to Count One of the verdict sheet and to move

for a mistrial because Count One did not bear on Cooper’s guilt or innocence.386

Levin states that Cooper was charged with this offense and the verdict forms

379
   Id.
380
    Id. at 51.
381
    Id.
382
    Trial Tr., Feb. 21, 2019, at 49:7–19.
383
    Def.’s Am. Mot, at 51, D.I. 135.
384
    Id. at 56.
385
    Id.
386
    Id. at 57.

                                            64
properly present all necessary elements to convict. At the same time, there is no

prejudice because Cooper was found not guilty of this charge.387 The Court agrees.

      G. Prosecutorial Misconduct.

        1.   Cooper alleges that the State withheld Instagram communications

between himself and the confidential informant.388 This issue was litigated at trial

by Brose.389 Thus, it is barred as previously litigated.390

        2. Cooper alleges that the State interfered with a witness, Kiayre Braxton.391

Levin states that there is no evidence that the State interfered with Braxton’s

testimony.392 The Court agrees. In fact, it was Cooper who declined to call

Braxton as a witness, despite Braxton being willing to testify.393

        3. Cooper alleges that the State presented tainted evidence to the jury.394

Cooper claims that the State committed prosecutorial misconduct when Det.

Barnes broke the evidence seals on evidence boxes to put locks on the guns inside

them.395 This issues is barred as procedurally defaulted.396 Even if viewed as an

ineffective assistance of counsel claim for failing to raise the issue, it fails both

387
    Id.
388
    Id. at 63.
389
    Trial Tr., February 25, 2019, at 3:21-37:9.
390
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(4).
391
    Def.’s AM. Br., at 64, D.I. 135.
392
    Id. at 63-64.
393
    See Section V E.
394
    Def.’s Am. Mot, at 65-66, D.I. 135.
395
    Id.
396
    Super. Ct Crim R. 61(i)(3).

                                          65
Strickland prongs. There is no evidence Det. Barnes did anything wrong or that

Cooper was prejudiced by his actions.

      4. Cooper alleges that the State lied to the jury regarding when he was

indicted.397 Cooper claims Special Agent Haney incorrectly told the jury that he

was indicted in February when he was actually reindicted in June 2018. 398 Levin

explains that this issue has no merit because it was addressed by Brose on cross

examination.399    Not only does the Court agree, but this issue is barred as

previously litigated.400

      5. Cooper alleges that the State dropped the money laundering charge

against him but continued to comment on it during closing arguments.401 Levin

deems this issue to have no merit, because any comments the State made in

reference to money laundering were limited to establishing a predicate act for the

criminal enterprise in connection with the Conspiracy to Commit Racketeering

charge.402   Not only does the Court agree, but this issue is procedurally

defaulted.403 Even if viewed as an ineffective assistance of counsel claim for

failing to raise the issue, it fails both Strickland prongs. The State’s comments

397
    Def.’s Am. Mot. at 66-67, D.I. 135.
398
    Id.
399
    Id.
400
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(4).
401
    Def.’s Am. Mot, at 67, D.I. 135.
402
    Id.
403
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(3).

                                          66
were proper, and even if they were not, Cooper was not prejudiced because he was

acquitted of the Conspiracy to Commit Racketeering charge.

      6. Cooper alleges that the State improperly sent his discovery materials to

other attorneys and codefendants.404 Levin deems this issue to have no merit,

because, while the State sent discovery materials to a codefendant’s attorney

related to the codefendant’s case, there is no evidence that any of those materials

related to Cooper.405 Not only does the Court agree with Levin, but this issue is

procedurally defaulted.406 Even if viewed as an ineffective assistance of counsel

claim for failing to raise the issue, if fails both Strickland prongs. There is no

evidence that the State committed misconduct or that Cooper was prejudiced.

      7. Cooper alleges that the State acted vindictively by ceasing to prosecute

five of his codefendants who were subsequently tried in federal court while

continuing to prosecute him in State court.407 Levin deems this issue to have no

merit because the is no legal basis to support it.408 Not only does the Court agree

with Levin, but this issue is procedurally defaulted.409 Even if viewed as an

ineffective assistance of counsel claim for failing to raise the issue, it fails both

Strickland prongs. It is legally without support.

404
    Def.’s Am. Mot. at 67, D.I. 135.
405
    Id.
406
    Super. Crim. R. 61(i)(3).
407
    Def.’s Am. Mot, at 67-69, D.I. 135.
408
    Id. at 69.
409
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(3).

                                          67
      H. The Court Abused its Discretion.

        1. Cooper alleges that the Court abused its discretion when it violated his

Fifth Amendment right to remain silent by ruling that he had to testify in order to

reveal the identity of the confidential informant.410 The Court addressed this issue

in Section V. D. 3.

        2. Cooper alleges that the Court abused its discretion when it accepted a

stipulation concerning his prior record without conducting a colloquy with him.411

The Court substantially address this issue in Section V. F. 18. Further, there is no

statutory or case law requiring such a colloquy.

        3. Cooper alleges that the Court abused its discretion in allowing his

codefendants’ guilty pleas to be admitted in evidence.412 The Court addressed this

issue in Section V. D. 4.

        4. Cooper alleges that the Court abused its discretion and violated his due

process rights when it made a comment during Det. Barnes’ testimony.413 Mr.

Levin deems this issue to have no merit because the Court’s comment protected

Cooper’s due process rights rather than infringed on them.414 Not only does the

Court agree with Levin, but the Court addressed this issue in more detail when it

410
     Def.’s Am. Mot, at 69-70, D.I. 135.
411
    Id. at 70-71.
412
    Id. at 71-73.
413
    Id. at 73-75.
414
    Id. at 75.

                                           68
denied Cooper’s Motion for Recusal on November 30, 2020.415 Further, this issue

is procedurally defaulted.416 Even if viewed as an ineffective assistance of counsel

claim for failing to raise the issue, it fails both Strickland prongs. Cooper simply

inverts the purpose of the Court’s comment.

      5. Cooper alleges that another judge improperly ruled on a jury note.417 The

Court addressed this issue in Section V. F. 17.

      6. Cooper alleges that Brose was improperly admitted pro hac vice without

his permission. Levin deems this issue to be without merit because there was no

impropriety in Brose’s admission, the issue was discussed with Cooper directly,

and Cooper’s acquiescence is not required.418 Not only does the Court agree with

Levin, but this issue is barred because it was litigated directly with Cooper.419

Even if viewed as an ineffective assistance of counsel claim for failure to raise the

issue, it fails both Strickland prongs because there is no legal basis to support it.

415
    D.I. 118.
416
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(3).
417
    Def.’s Am. Mot., at 75, D.I. 135.
418
    Id. at 75-76.
419
    Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(4).

                                           69
                            V. CONCLUSION

     For the foregoing reasons, Defendant Maurice Cooper’s Motion for

Postconviction Relief is DENIED.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                          /s/ Ferris W. Wharton
                                           Ferris W. Wharton, J.

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