Court Opinion

ID: 4685688
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-05-11 16:15:08.215811+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:04:29.648516
License: Public Domain

J-S01017-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    SUKORI L. BUTLER                           :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 711 MDA 2020

         Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 25, 2020
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Schuylkill County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-54-CR-0001337-2019

BEFORE:      LAZARUS, J., McCAFFERY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY McCAFFERY, J.:                   FILED: MAY 11, 2021

        Sukori L. Butler (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered in the Schuylkill County Court of Common Pleas, following his jury

convictions of two counts of simple assault and one count each of harassment,

strangulation, and disorderly conduct.1 Appellant argues his convictions of

simple assault should have merged with strangulation for sentencing

purposes. We conclude 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9765 does not support merger of these

offenses, and thus affirm.

        Appellant and Stephanie Torres (the Victim) were in a romantic

relationship. The trial court summarized the trial evidence as follows:
____________________________________________

*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1   18 Pa.C.S. §§ 2701(a)(1), 2709(a)(1), 2718(a)(1), 5503(a)(1).
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             September 17[,] 2018, [the Victim and Appellant] were in
       an argument that left [the Victim] physically injured. [O]n
       September 16th,[2 Appellant] had been accusing [the Victim] of
       cheating on him. This continued into later in the day when
       [Appellant] was not home and was sending [the Victim] text
       messages calling her derogatory names. On his way back to the
       apartment, [Appellant] asked [the Victim] to unlock the door[, but
       the Victim] refused. At this point, [the Victim] called her friend
       Linda Collins. Eventually, [Appellant] got into the house and went
       up to [the Victim’s] bedroom and continued to yell at her.

              After [Appellant] came into the bedroom, he started pulling
       [the Victim] off the bed. Once [the Victim] was halfway off the
       bed, [Appellant] got on top of her and started choking her. [The
       Victim’s] ten-year old daughter, [N.T.], testified she saw
       [Appellant choking the Victim] while [the Victim’s] body was half
       on the bed and her legs were on the floor. Once [the Victim] was
       on the floor, [Appellant] got back on top of [her] and began to
       strangle her again. During this second time, [Appellant] ended up
       scratching [the Victim] on her neck while she was trying to get
       away from him. While [Appellant and the Victim] were struggling,
       [Collins] started calling [Appellant’s] name from outside.

             [The Victim] ran down to see [Collins] and the argument
       continued in [Collins’] presence. [Appellant] pushed [the Victim]
       against a door at one point, in which she hit her head against the
       door. The argument continued outside as [the Victim] tried to get
       away from [Appellant. Appellant] followed her, continued to call
       her derogatory names while threatening her life, and punched her
       in the face. While they were outside, [the Victim] was able to get
       into [Collins’] car, but [Appellant] had followed and ended up in
       the backseat. While in the car, [Appellant] grabbed [the Victim]
       by her hair and pulled it back. [The Victim] was able to break
       away and started running. While she was running, [Appellant]
       came up behind [the Victim] and wrapped his one arm around her
       neck, wrapped his other arm around her mouth, and again
       threatened to kill her.      [The Victim] testified that [when]
____________________________________________

2 It is unclear what time the argument between Appellant and the Victim
started on September 16, 2018. We note the victim’s daughter, N.T., testified
that it was “late” and she was “trying to go to sleep[.]” N.T. Jury Trial, 2/3/20,
at 97.

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      [Appellant] did this, she could not breathe. While this was
      happening, one of [Appellant’s] friends pulled up in a car and
      stopped to see what was happening. At this moment, [Appellant]
      released [the Victim] and got into his friend’s car.

             The neighbor who lived across the street . . . Victoria
      Kechula, testified that she heard people fighting and looked out to
      see [the Victim, Collins, and Appellant. Kechula] heard [the
      Victim] screaming that [Appellant] was going to kill her, take her
      baby, and [Kechula] saw [the Victim and Appellant] scuffing.
      Eventually, [Kechula] called the police and took in [the Victim’s]
      children until the police arrived. [Pine Grove Police Officer Tyler]
      Dissinger and his partner arrived on scene. Officer Dissinger
      testified that he observed bruises, redness, and open scratches on
      [the Victim’s] neck. He also observed what appeared to be an
      injury above her eye and her [clothing’s] collar was stretched and
      ripped.

Trial Ct. Op. 6/16/20, at 2-3. The Victim stated the incident “was done with”

by 3:17 a.m., when she took a photo of her injuries. N.T. Jury Trial, at 59.

      Appellant was charged with two counts of simple assault and one count

each of strangulation, harassment, and disorderly conduct.             The case

proceeded to a jury trial on February 3, 2020. The Commonwealth presented

the testimony of the Victim, her daughter N.T., the neighbor Kechula, and

Officer Dissinger, as summarized above.        Collins testified, as a defense

witness, that she did not witness any “physical action” between the Victim and

Appellant. N.T. Jury Trial, at 123. Appellant did not testify or present any

additional evidence. The jury found Appellant guilty of all charges.

      On March 25, 2020, the trial court sentenced Appellant to three to six

years’ incarceration for strangulation.    It also imposed terms of 9 to 24

month’s incarceration for each count of simple assault, to be served

concurrently, and no further penalty on Appellant’s conviction of disorderly

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conduct. The court found Appellant’s harassment charge merged with his first

count of simple assault.

       Appellant filed a timely post-sentence motion, claiming “the simple

assault convictions must merge with strangulation for sentencing purposes.”

Appellant’s Post-Sentence Motion, 4/3/20, at 3 (unpaginated). Before the trial

court ruled on the motion, Appellant filed a notice of appeal on April 21, 2020.

The following day, April 22nd, the trial court denied Appellant’s post-sentence

motion.3 Appellant timely complied with the trial court’s order directing him

to file a concise statement of matters complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.

R.A.P. 1925(b).

       Appellant raises two issues for our review:

____________________________________________

3 We decline to find Appellant’s notice of appeal, filed one day before the trial
court denied his post-sentence motion, was untimely. See Pa.R.A.P. 903(a);
(notice of appeal must be filed within 30 days of the entry of the order
appealed from); Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(2)(a) (“If the defendant files a timely
post-sentence motion, the notice of appeal shall be filed . . . within 30 days
of the entry of the order deciding the motion.”). In Commonwealth v.
Cooper, 27 A.3d 994 (Pa. 2011), our Supreme Court held that a “snap” pro
se notice of appeal did not divest the trial court of jurisdiction to act upon a
subsequently filed, counseled, timely post-sentence motion, and instead, the
premature appeal should have been treated as if it were filed after the denial
of post-sentence motions in accordance with Pa.R.A.P. 905(a)(5).3 Cooper,
27 A.2d at 1008. See Pa.R.A.P. 905(a)(5) (“A notice of appeal filed after the
announcement of a determination but before the entry of an appealable order
shall be treated as filed after such entry and on the day thereof.”). In the
instant matter, the notice of appeal was filed by counsel while the post-
sentence motions were pending, making it premature. However, the trial
court denied the post- sentence motion on April 22, 2020. Thus, we conclude
the notice of appeal was timely filed in accordance with Pa.R.A.P. 905(a)(5).

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       1. Did the court err in failing to merge the sentence for simple
          assault with the sentence for strangulation?

       2. Was the prosecution’s evidence insufficient to support a
          conviction for strangulation?

Appellant’s Brief at 4.

       In his first issue, Appellant argues the trial court erred when it did not

merge his sentences for simple assault, under 18 Pa.C.S. § 2701(a)(1), and

strangulation.4    Appellant’s Brief at 10. Appellant contends that “both the

strangulation and the simple assault charges are based upon the specific

allegations of [A]ppellant putting his hands around the neck and choking [the

Victim until she was] unable to breath[e].” Id. at 11. Appellant maintains

“[n]othing is required to prove strangulation beyond the allegations alleged

for the charge of simple assault in the criminal information.” Id.   While

Appellant cites 42 Pa.C.S. § 9765 (discussed infra), he argues the criminal

complaint “clearly” states both the strangulation and simple assault arose

from the same act and “the complaint does not allege criminal acts delineating

the simple assault from the conduct that constituted strangulation.” Id. at

12.

       Our standard of review on this matter is well settled:

____________________________________________

4 Appellant states the trial court sentenced him to “consecutive sentences on
strangulation and simple assault.” Appellant’s Brief at 11 (emphasis added).
However, in the sentencing order and at the sentencing hearing, the court
specified it sentenced Appellant to concurrent sentences on strangulation
and simple assault. N.T. Sentencing, 3/25/20, at 11; Sentencing Order,
3/25/20.

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      A claim that crimes should have merged for sentencing purposes
      raises a challenge to the legality of the sentence. Therefore, our
      standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.

Commonwealth v. Martinez, 153 A.3d 1025, 1029-30 (Pa. Super. 2016)

(citations omitted).

      Section 9765, which governs merger of offenses, provides:

      § 9765 Merger of sentences

      No crimes shall merge for sentencing purposes unless the crimes
      arise from a single criminal act and all of the statutory elements
      of one offense are included in the statutory elements of the other
      offense. Where crimes merge for sentencing purposes, the court
      may sentence the defendant only on the higher graded offense.

42 Pa.C.S. § 9765.

      Our Supreme Court has held that Section 9765 “prohibits the merger of

sentences unless a strict two-part test is met. First, the convictions must be

based on a single criminal act. Second, all of the statutory elements of one

of the offenses must be included in the statutory elements of the other.”

Commonwealth v. Wade, 33 A.3d 108, 116 (Pa. Super 2011). To determine

if the crimes arise from a single criminal act, we must look to the following:

         [T]he question is not “whether there was a ‘break in the
         chain’ of criminal activity.” The issue is whether “the actor
         commits multiple criminal acts beyond that which is
         necessary to establish the bare elements of the additional
         crime, then the actor will be guilty of multiple crimes which
         do not merge for sentencing purposes.”

      In determining whether two or more convictions arose from a
      single criminal act for purposes of sentencing, we must examine
      the charging documents filed by the Commonwealth.
      Commonwealth v. Jenkins, 96 A.3d 1055, 1060 (Pa. Super.
      2014) (holding, consistent with our Supreme Court’s
      jurisprudence, “We must determine whether [defendant’s] actions

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     . . . constituted a single criminal act, with reference to elements
     of the crime as charged by the Commonwealth.”)

Martinez, 153 A.3d at 1030-31 (some citations omitted).

     Appellant was convicted of simple assault under the following

subsection:

        (a) Offense defined — Except as provided under section 2702
     (relating to aggravated assault), a person is guilty of assault if he:

           (1) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or
        recklessly causes bodily injury to another[.]

See 18 Pa.C.S. § 2701(a)(1). Appellant was also convicted of strangulation

under the following subsection:

     § 2718. Strangulation

        (a) Offense defined.— A person commits the offense of
     strangulation if the person knowingly or intentionally impedes the
     breathing or circulation of the blood of another person by:

              (1) applying pressure to the throat or neck[.]

18 Pa.C.S. § 2718(a)(1).

     First, we address whether the charges at issue arise from a single

criminal act. Upon review of the charging documents, we agree with the trial

court’s determination that the simple assault and strangulation charges were

based on separate acts. See Trial Ct. Op. at 6. The criminal information

stated Appellant committed the offense of strangulation when he “did

knowingly or intentionally impede the breathing [ ] of another person[.]”

                                      -7-
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Criminal Information 8/26/19.5          However, the information stated Appellant

committed simple assault under Subsection 2701(a)(1) when he “cause[d]

bodily injury to” the Victim. Id. Furthermore, we note that while the criminal

complaint alleged Appellant’s “putting his hands around [the Victim’s]

neck[,] choking her[, and] causing her to not be able to breath[,]” established

both simple assault and strangulation, the complaint further averred Appellant

committed simple assault when he left “red marks and visible scratches” on

the Victim. Criminal Complaint 9/17/18, at 2. Officer Dissinger’s affidavit of

probable cause (APC) specified Appellant was “choking” the Victim after

dragging her off a bed in their shared home, “punched [the Victim] in her

face” after she ran outside to “her friend[’]s” vehicle, “grabbed [the Victim’s ]

hair” while she was inside the vehicle, and “grabbed [the Victim] by the face”

after she exited the vehicle and attempted to run down the street.           APC

9/17/18, at 1-2.       We thus reject Appellant’s argument that the charging

documents established only one criminal act.         See Martinez, 153 A.3d at

1030-31; Wade, 33 A.3d at 116. See also Kimmel, 125 A.3d at 1277.

       Additionally, Appellant has failed to address whether “all of the statutory

elements of one offense are included in the statutory elements of the other

offense” as required by the merger statute.         See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9765. We

conclude they do not.         Simple assault under Subsection 2701(a)(1) and

____________________________________________

5 The Criminal Information was filed on August 26, 2019.           However, it is
unclear when it was prepared.

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strangulation each contain an element the other does not possess. Simple

assault includes “attempt[ing] to cause or intentionally, knowingly or

recklessly caus[ing] bodily injury to another,” whereas strangulation includes

“knowingly or intentionally imped[ing] the breathing or circulation of the

blood” and “applying pressure to the throat or neck[.]” See 18 Pa.C.S. §§

2701(a)(1), 2718(a)(1); 42 Pa.C.S. § 9765; Wade, 33 A.3d at 116.

        Appellant’s second issue in his statement of questions involved is a

challenge to the sufficiency of evidence for his strangulation conviction.

Appellant’s Brief at 4.     However, Appellant abandons this issue in the

argument section of his brief. See id. at 12 (“Counsel for [A]ppellant, upon

review of the existing case law, did not find any argument to support this

issue. Therefore, no argument will be offered.”). In any event, we note that

the trial court found the testimony of the Victim, witnesses, and Officer

Dissinger, establishing the elements of each crime, was credible. Trial Ct. Op.

at 7.

        Because Appellant failed to meet the two-part merger test as outlined

in Section 9765 and offers no argument on his sufficiency claim, we conclude

no relief is due.

        Judgement of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 05/11/2021

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