Court Opinion

ID: 2664938
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-04-04 06:53:23.38806+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:05:00.263829
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                       FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
____________________________________
                                     )
MARJORIE FUDALI,                     )
                                     )
                  Plaintiff,         )
                                     )
            v.                       )       Civil Action No. 03-1460 (JMF)
                                     )
PIVOTAL CORPORATION,                 )
                                     )
                  Defendant.         )
____________________________________)

                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION

       This case has a long history before me. A jury trial in 2007 rendered a verdict for

plaintiff (Docket #102), and a judgment for damages was entered in November 2008. Docket

#115. Since that time, there has been an ongoing conflict concerning post-judgment discovery

and defendant’s ability to satisfy its judgment.1 Pending before me now are the several motions

specified in the footnote and in the attached Order.2 I will address the motions in turn.

1
 The history of this case has been recounted elsewhere. See Fudali v. Pivotal Corp., 623 F.
Supp. 2d 25 (D.D.C. 2009); Fudali v. Pivotal Corp., 623 F. Supp. 2d 11 (D.D.C. 2008).
2
  The pending motions are as follows: Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment of Condemnation on Writ
of Garnishment of Attachment Against Garnishee Softbrands Manufacturing, Inc. (“Softbrands
Mot.”) [#165]; Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment of Condemnation on Writ of Garnishment of
Attachment Against Garnishee Southern Company Services, Inc. (“Southern Mot.”) [#166];
defendant Pivotal’s Motion to Quash Subpoenas with Incorporated Statement of Points and
Authorities (“Mot. to Quash”) [#181]; Judgment Plaintiff’s Renewed Motion to Hold Defendant
in Contempt, for Sanctions and for Evidentiary Hearing on Same [#182]; defendant Pivotal’s
Motion for Protective Order and for Judicial Supervision of Post-Judgment Collection Efforts
with Incorporated Statement of Points and Authorities (“Mot. Prot. Order”) [#193]; Plaintiff
Marjorie Fudali’s Petition for Attorney’s Fees and Incorporated Memorandum of Law in Support
Thereof [#225]; plaintiff’s Motion for Contempt and Sanctions Relating to Defendant’s Failure
to Produce Derrick Anderson for Deposition and Respond to Plaintiff’s Second Set of Post
Judgment Interrogatories and Request for Production of Documents and Incorporated
Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support Thereof [#227]; and defendant Pivotal’s
Motion to Reconsider Order on Motion to Compel (“Mot. to Reconsider”) [#228].
                                           I. MOTIONS

A.     Plaintiff’s Motions for Judgment

       Plaintiff served writs of garnishment upon Softbrands Manufacturing, Inc. (“Softbrands”)

and Southern Company Services, Inc. (“Southern”), claiming in each motion that each company

had funds “owed to defendant Pivotal Corporation.” Softbrands Mot. at 1; Southern Mot. at 1. In

their respective Interrogatories in Attachment, both Softbrands and Southern admitted to owing

money to defendant, identified in the interrogatories as Pivotal Corporation. Softbrands Mot. at

Exh. 1; Southern Mot. at Exh. 1.

       In response, defendant claims that there are two companies bearing the name “Pivotal

Corporation”–one in Washington state, and the other in Canada, the former being the defendant

in this case. Combined Opposition to Motions for Judgment of Condemnation on Writs of

Garnishment of Attachment [#186] at 1-2. Defendant attaches the declaration of Gregor Morela,

who states that he is the president of Pivotal Corporation in Washington state, and that neither

garnishee owes any funds to “Pivotal Corporation (Washington State).” Id. at Morela Dec. ¶¶ 3-

5. If that is the case, then Pivotal Corporation of Washington state, identifying itself to be the

defendant herein, is not making any claim to the property attached (i.e., the money owned by the

garnishees), and it lacks standing to challenge the garnishment. D.C. Code § 16-551;3 Visions

Found., Inc. v. Falcon Color, Inc., 606 A.2d 1027, 1028 (D.C. 1992).

       Accordingly, both Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment of Condemnation on Writ of

Garnishment of Attachment Against Garnishee Softbrands Manufacturing, Inc. [#165] and

3
 All references to United States or District of Columbia Codes herein are to the electronic
versions in Westlaw or Lexis.

                                                  2
Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment of Condemnation on Writ of Garnishment of Attachment

Against Garnishee Southern Company Services, Inc. [#166] will be granted. Furthermore,

defendant’s Combined Opposition to Motions for Judgment of Condemnation on Writs of

Garnishment of Attachment [#186] will be stricken, and the Clerk shall enter judgment in favor

of plaintiff against Softbrands in the amount of $9,312, and against Southern in the amount of

$15,592.50.

B.     Motion to Quash Subpoena

       Defendant filed a motion to quash subpoenas served upon two law firms with which

defendant’s counsel has been affiliated, Dorsey & Whitney LLP and Greenberg Taurig LLP. Mot.

to Quash at 1. By those subpoenas, plaintiff sought the following:

       1.      Invoices sent to Pivotal Corporation or any entity acting on behalf of Pivotal
               Corporation for Fudali v. Pivotal Corp., Case No. 1:03-cv-1460 (JMF), U.S.
               District Court for the District of Columbia.

       2.      Copies of all payments from Pivotal Corporation or on behalf of Pivotal
               Corporation for Fudali v. Pivotal Corp., Case No. 1:03-cv-1460 (JMF).

       3.      Documents relating to addressees to whom bills for Fudali v. Pivotal Corp., Case
               No. 1:03-cv-1460 (JMF) were sent.

       4.      Insurance policies related to payment responsibility for Fudali v. Pivotal Corp.,
               Case No. 1:03-cv-1460 (JMF).

Plaintiff’s Opposition to Defendant’s Motion to Quash Subpoenas (“Opp. to Mot. to Quash”)

[#192] at Exh. 2.

       Pivotal Corporation purports to move to quash this subpoena, despite the fact that they

were served upon the law firms. However, only the party upon whom the subpoena is served and

who must comply may be heard to move to quash it. Amobi v. Dist. of Columbia Dept. of Corrs.,

                                                3
257 F.R.D. 8, 9-10 (D.D.C. 2009) (quoting Novak v. Capital Mgmt. & Dev. Corp., 241 F.R.D.

389, 394 (D.D.C. 2007)). While, as indicated by Novak, a party to a lawsuit may have standing

to quash a subpoena where that subpoena infringes on the moving party’s rights, there is no such

infringement here. The attorney-client privilege protects confidential communications between a

client and attorney that are made for the purpose of securing legal services or legal advice. See

Ventro v. IRS, 714 F. Supp. 2d 137, 151 (D.D.C. 2010). The work product privilege, on the

other hand, protects “documents . . . that are prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial.”

Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(3). Invoices, payments, addresses, and insurance policies4 hardly threaten

the disclosure of any documents that are protected under either of these privileges. Moreover, in

the unlikely event that the invoices disclose either confidential communications or work product,

that specific information may be excised. Plaintiff wants to know who received and who paid the

bills; she does not care about the services rendered.

        Thus, Pivotal’s Motion to Quash Subpoenas with Incorporated Statement of Points and

Authorities [#181] will be denied.

C.      Plaintiff’s Renewed Motion to Hold Defendant in Contempt, for Sanctions, and for
        an Evidentiary Hearing

        Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(b)(2)(vii), the court may consider as contempt

of court the failure to obey any order. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b)(2)(vii). It must be recalled, however,

that “civil sanctions may not be punitive–they must be calibrated to coerce compliance or

compensate a complainant for losses sustained.” In re Fannie Mae Sec. Litig., 552 F.3d 814, 823

(D.C. Cir. 2009). As plaintiff is not seeking to coerce compliance, but is claiming that she was

4
 Insurance policies should have been disclosed in Pivotal’s initial disclosures. Fed. R. Civ. P.
26(a)(1)(iv).

                                                   4
misled by responses given by Pivotal, contempt can only compensate her for the losses she

sustained. Thus, the only remedy available is the one already specified in Federal Rule of Civil

Procedure 37(b)(2)(C), i.e., the payment of her expenses caused by the alleged failure to comply

with the order. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b)(2)(C).

       Unfortunately, plaintiff does not speak to this rule, nor does she specify what expenses (if

any) were “caused . . . by the failure to comply” with the July order. Id. Accordingly, Judgment

Plaintiff’s Renewed Motion to Hold Defendant in Contempt, for Sanctions and for Evidentiary

Hearing on Same [#182] will be denied.

D.     Pivotal’s Motion for Protective Order and for Judicial Supervision of Post-
       Judgment Collection Efforts

       Protesting that it “does not have funds to pay the judgment” in this action, Pivotal seeks a

protective order against plaintiff’s requesting additional discovery or issuing writs of attachment

on judgment to third parties without first making a request upon the Court. Mot. Prot. Order at 1-

2.

       As to the latter, I have already determined above that Pivotal lacks standing to challenge

writs of attachment on third parties. There will be time enough to assess the legitimacy of such

writs when the parties upon whom they are served speak to that issue. Until then, I will not

permit Pivotal, by seeking a protective order, to do indirectly what it cannot do directly.

       As to plaintiff’s requesting additional discovery, Pivotal points to a statement by

plaintiff’s counsel during a deposition that the aim of plaintiff’s present discovery efforts is to

sue another entity. Mot. Prot. Order at 5. Pivotal insists that this is not a permissible goal of

post-judgment discovery. Id.

                                                  5
       Plaintiff has not seen a penny of the judgment entered, from which Pivotal did not appeal.

Furthermore, there is distressing testimony from the purported president of Pivotal, Gregor

Morela, that implies that Pivotal does not consider that judgment valid, as Pivotal issued a public

report indicating that it had accrued an amount of potential liability that was less than the

judgment rendered. See Plaintiff’s Reply to Judgment Debtor’s Opposition to Renewed Motion

to Hold Defendant in Contempt, for Sanctions, and for Evidentiary Hearing on Same [#206] at

Exh. A at 118-20. There is no explanation of why Pivotal may consider this Court’s judgment

invalid, nor why it carried on its books an amount of liability less than the judgment rendered.

This arrogant attitude concerns me greatly.

       In addition, Plaintiff points to the movement of assets from Pivotal to other entities

between the verdict and the rendering of judgment. See Plaintiff’s Opposition to Defendant’s

Motion for Protective Order and for Judicial Supervision of Post-Judgment Collection Efforts

[#210] at 3. Furthermore, Pivotal’s corporate representative, Daniel Scott Edison, testified that

Pivotal is owed large amounts of money by affiliated and other entities. Opp. to Mot. to Quash at

7-8. In Morela’s deposition testimony, however, Pivotal appears to be an empty shell with no

assets or remaining corporate structure. Id. at 7.

       The multitude of questions raised by this deposition testimony certainly justifies broad

discovery into the movement of money from Pivotal to other entities, and how it came about that

Pivotal is supposedly incapable of paying the judgment. As plaintiff points out, the federal

courts have permitted such discovery when reasonable doubt is raised about the legitimacy of

transfers that may have been made to defeat a judgment creditor. See, e.g., Falicia v. Advanced

Tenant Svcs., Inc., 235 F.R.D. 5, 7-8 (D.D.C. 2006), and cases cited therein. Accord Internet

                                                     6
Direct Response Inc. v. Buckley, No. SACV 09-001335, 2010 WL 1752181 at *2 (C.D. Cal.

April 29, 2010). Surely, there is enough here to justify the inquiry that plaintiff must make to

probe all of the transfers Pivotal has made since the verdict was rendered, and then after

judgment was entered.

       That this discovery may lead to plaintiff’s suing a third party to pursue those transfers

does not render the discovery improper; again, as plaintiff points out, the converse is true.

Discovery attempting to ascertain whether Pivotal has an alter ego concerning its assets, and

whether it transferred its assets to that alter ego to defeat execution of the judgment, is perfectly

proper. See First City, Texas-Houston, N.A. v. Rafidain Bank, 281 F.3d 48, 54 (2d Cir. 2002);

see also Abu-Nassar v. Elders Futures, Inc., No. 88 Civ. 7906, 1991 WL 45062 at *16 (S.D.N.Y.

March 28, 1991).

       Thus, Pivotal’s Motion for Protective Order and for Judicial Supervision of Post-

Judgment Collection Efforts with Incorporated Statement of Points and Authorities [#193] will

be denied.

E.     Pivotal’s Motion to Reconsider and Plaintiff’s Motions for Attorney’s Fees and
       Sanctions

       On October 12, 2010, when I saw that no opposition had been filed, I granted Plaintiff

Fudali’s Motion to Compel Defendant Pivotal Corporation to Respond to Post-Judgment

Discovery Requests, Deposition of Derrick Anderson, for Sanctions and Request for Expedited

Oral Hearing [#202].5

       Pivotal’s theory is that it made clear in writing to plaintiff’s counsel that it was declining

5
 Simultaneously, I granted two other motions that were also unopposed, but Pivotal’s Motion to
Reconsider concerns only the indicated motion to compel.

                                                  7
to proceed with any discovery until I acted on its motion for a protective order, filed in April (of

which I dispose in the accompanying Order). Mot. to Reconsider at 2. As Pivotal filed its motion

for a protective order and announced that it was not going to engage in discovery before plaintiff

filed its motion to compel, I am said to have erred in granting plaintiff’s motion as unopposed.

Id. at 3.

        Defendant refers to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), claiming that defendant’s

position, i.e., “awaiting ruling on its motion for a protective order, then . . . respond[ing] to the

discovery as appropriate based on the Court’s ruling,” is the “procedure contemplated” by the

Federal Rule. Mot. to Reconsider at 2. Defendant claims that a party seeking a protective order

under the Federal Rule should neither be required to face a motion to compel while awaiting a

ruling on its motion, nor to “incur the cost and expense of further briefing of a motion to

compel.”6 Id. at 3-4. To do otherwise, defendant asserts, “undermines the procedure

contemplated by the rules.” Id. at 4.

        I am aware, however, of no authority in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or in our

Local Rules that grants a party liberty from filing an opposition to a motion because it has filed

an earlier protective order. Defendant fails to cite any case law supporting this interpretation of

Rule 26, or to the language of the rule itself. That is because there is no language in the Federal

Rule that would support defendant’s interpretation. Furthermore, the Local Rules unequivocally

state that, if an opposing memorandum is not filed within the required time, “the Court may treat

the motion as conceded.” LCvR 7(b).

6
 Incidentally, had defendant filed an opposition with the Court stating essentially what was
represented to plaintiff concerning its position (Mot. to Reconsider at 2), that would have
satisfied its obligation to respond.

                                                   8
       On October 12, 2010, the docket reflected three unopposed motions, and I resolved them

simultaneously because they were, in fact, unopposed. The Local Rules unquestionably grant me

that authority, and warn counsel of the consequence of their failing to file an opposition. I hardly

“erred” by exercising the authority unequivocally granted me by the Local Rules.

       I will not, therefore, reconsider my granting of plaintiff’s motion to compel; Pivotal’s

Motion to Reconsider Order on Motion to Compel[#228] will be denied. In my discretion,

however, Plaintiff Marjorie Fudali’s Petition for Attorney’s Fees and Incorporated Memorandum

of Law in Support Thereof [#225] and plaintiff’s Motion for Contempt and Sanctions Relating to

Defendant’s Failure to Produce Derrick Anderson for Deposition and Respond to Plaintiff’s

Second Set of Post Judgment Interrogatories and Request for Production of Documents and

Incorporated Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support Thereof [#227] will also be

denied. Instead, Pivotal will be ordered to comply with my order of October 12, 2010 granting

plaintiff’s motion to compel by December 14, 2010, including making Derrick Anderson

available for deposition.

       Furthermore, as plaintiff prevailed on her motion to compel [#202], I will, in accordance

with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(a)(5)(A), consider whether I should require defendant to

pay plaintiff’s reasonable expenses incurred in making the motion, including attorney’s fees. Fed.

R. Civ. P. 37(a)(5)(A). Per the rule, I will give defendant an opportunity to be heard on this

matter by showing cause in writing by December 10, 2010 why I should not award plaintiff this

relief. Id. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 37, Advisory Committee note to 1993 amendment (opportunity to

be heard in this rule includes written submission).

                                                 9
                           III. CONCLUSION

A separate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.

                                 John M.
                                                        Digitally signed by John M. Facciola
                                                        DN: c=US, st=DC, ou=District of
                                                        Columbia,
                                                        email=John_M._Facciola@dcd.uscou

                                 Facciola
                                                        rts.gov, o=U.S. District Court, District
                                                        of Columbia, cn=John M. Facciola
                                                        Date: 2010.12.01 16:58:33 -05'00'
                                 JOHN M. FACCIOLA
                                 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

                                   10