Court Opinion

ID: 5133835
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-12-09 21:13:35.338954+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:23:40.292470
License: Public Domain

12/09/2021
           IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT KNOXVILLE
                        Assigned on Briefs December 16, 2020

             STATE OF TENNESSEE v. JOSEPH JOHN TURCHIN

                 Appeal from the Criminal Court for Monroe County
                      No. 17-380 Andrew M. Freiberg, Judge
                     ___________________________________

                            No. E2020-00491-CCA-R3-CD
                        ___________________________________

A Monroe County Criminal Court Jury convicted the Appellant, Joseph John Turchin, of
two counts of especially aggravated sexual exploitation of a minor, Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-
17-1005, one count of sexual exploitation of a minor, Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1003, and
one count of unlawfully photographing a minor in violation of the minor’s privacy, Tenn.
Code Ann. § 39-13-605.1 The trial court imposed a total effective sentence of twenty years
in the Tennessee Department of Correction. On appeal, the Appellant contends that the
trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress, arguing that he was not properly served
with a warrant for the search of his cellular telephones. Upon review, we affirm the
judgments of the trial court.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Criminal Court Affirmed

NORMA MCGEE OGLE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT L.
HOLLOWAY, JR., and J. ROSS DYER, JJ., joined.

J. Patrick Henry, Kingston, Tennessee, for the Appellant, Joseph John Turchin.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Garrett D. Ward, Assistant Attorney
General; Stephen D. Crump, District Attorney General; and Ashley M. Ervin, Assistant
District Attorney General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                          OPINION

                                  I. Factual Background

      In December 2017, a Monroe County Grand Jury returned an indictment charging
the Appellant in counts one and two with especially aggravated sexual exploitation of a
       1
       Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-13-605 was amended effective July 1, 2021.
minor, in count three with sexual exploitation of a minor, and in count four with unlawfully
photographing a minor in violation of the minor’s privacy. The charges stemmed, in part,
from evidence law enforcement obtained from a search of the Appellant’s cellular
telephones.

        Prior to trial, the Appellant filed a motion to suppress the evidence obtained during
the search of his cellular telephones, arguing that he was not served with a copy of the
search warrant as required by Rule 41 of the Tennessee Rules of Criminal Procedure. The
sole witness at the suppression hearing, Monroe County Sheriff’s Detective Jason Fillyaw,
testified that in October 2017, he searched the Appellant’s residence after receiving the
Appellant’s written consent. During the search, Detective Fillyaw discovered a number of
cellular telephones that belonged to the Appellant.

       Detective Fillyaw interviewed the Appellant on October 12, 2017. Detective
Fillyaw advised the Appellant that he “would be obtaining a search warrant to complete a
forensic download” of any evidence on the Appellant’s cellular telephones. Thereafter,
Detective Fillyaw obtained three signed copies of the warrant for the search of the cellular
telephones, and he made a fourth photocopy of the search warrant for his file.

        Detective Fillyaw said that on October 16, 2017, after the evidence was downloaded
from the cellular telephones, he again interviewed the Appellant. The interview was not
video recorded. During the interview, Detective Fillyaw told the Appellant that he had
obtained a search warrant, but he did not “recall clearly” whether he served the Appellant
with the warrant. Detective Fillyaw said that he had looked in his files recently and that
the only copy in the file was the fourth photocopy he had made. Detective Fillyaw did not
recall ever failing to serve a copy of a search warrant and explained that any doubt he had
about this case was because the search occurred almost two years earlier.

       On cross-examination, Detective Fillyaw said that his first interview with the
Appellant was after the cellular telephones were seized during the consensual search. He
interviewed the Appellant a second time after the warrant was obtained. During both
interviews, Detective Fillyaw advised the Appellant that he was “obtaining or had obtained
a search warrant.”

       Detective Fillyaw said that he told the Appellant about the evidence the police had
discovered on the cellular telephones. He stated that the evidence from the cellular
telephones was “[p]artially” responsible for the charges against the Appellant, but other
evidence was discovered during the consensual search of the Appellant’s residence.

      During questioning by the trial court, Detective Fillyaw agreed that “two years
removed, [he] can’t under oath say [he has] a distinct memory of whether [he] did slap the
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warrant in [the Appellant’s] hand in this particular case.” Detective Fillyaw further agreed
that during his first interview of the Appellant, he told the Appellant he was going to obtain
a warrant to search the cellular telephones. Detective Fillyaw also agreed that in the second
interview, he advised the Appellant that he had obtained a warrant and confronted him with
the results of the search.

       The trial court accredited Detective Fillyaw’s testimony. The court found that there
was no evidence presented at the suppression hearing to support the Appellant’s argument
that he did not receive a copy of the search warrant. The trial court further found that the
Appellant had actual knowledge, both before and after the search that the State had
obtained a search warrant. Accordingly, the trial court denied the motion to suppress.

        At trial, the victim’s grandmother testified that she lived in Sweetwater with her
husband, her granddaughter, and her grandson, the victim. The victim was born on January
17, 2003. The victim’s grandmother said that the victim’s mother was in “rehab” and that
his father was in prison.

       The victim’s grandmother said that in 2014, the victim played baseball, but she had
health issues that prevented her from taking the victim to and from baseball games. The
victim’s grandmother became friends with the Appellant when he volunteered to provide
transportation for the victim. In 2016, the Appellant and his wife separated, and the
Appellant started sleeping in his car. The victim’s grandparents allowed the Appellant to
sleep in a “church building” they owned until he could secure other housing. Subsequently,
throughout 2016 and into 2017, the grandparents rented the Appellant a house they owned
which was located behind their house. The Appellant spent time with the victim and his
family and came to their house for dinner almost every night.

      On cross-examination, the victim’s grandmother said that she initially thought the
Appellant’s relationship with the victim was good and that the victim thought of the
Appellant as his father. The victim’s grandmother said that she was not jealous of the
amount of time the Appellant spent with the victim.

       Detective Doug Mills with the Monroe County Sheriff’s Department testified that
he was trained in extracting information from cellular telephones. Detective Fillyaw gave
Detective Mills six cellular telephones that belonged to the Appellant, and Detective Mills
extracted evidence from the cellular telephones. One of the telephones did not have a
passcode, but the passcode for the remaining five telephones was the victim’s birthday.
Only one cellular telephone did not contain any photographs. On the remaining five
cellular telephones, the police found approximately 6,000 photographs, 1,300 of which
included the victim. Detective Mills said that some of the photographs showed the victim
in “provocative pose[s].” Videos of the victim masturbating were also on the cellular
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telephones. Around the “four-minute mark” on one of the videos, Detective Mills heard a
man’s voice say, “Come, baby, come.” In addition, four screen shots of the victim’s penis
were taken.

       On cross-examination, Detective Mills acknowledged that most of the photographs
showed the victim as “[j]ust a kid having fun, playing.” Detective Mills did not know who
had taken the photographs or videos. Detective Mills said that Detective Fillyaw obtained
a warrant to search the cellular telephones and that Detective Mills executed it. Detective
Mills asserted, “I don’t touch any phones unless I’ve got a search warrant or written
permission to do the search by the owner of the phone.”

       Detective Fillyaw testified that he was trained to investigate offenses related to child
sex abuse and that he began investigating the Appellant in October 2017. Around 9:30 or
10:00 p.m. on October 11, 2017, Detective Fillyaw obtained the Appellant’s consent to
search his residence. No one else lived at the residence. On a shelf in the bedroom closet,
Detective Fillyaw found a cardboard box containing several cellular telephones. He also
found a laptop computer in the bedroom.

       Detective Fillyaw said that around 12:30 or 1:00 a.m. on October 12, 2017, he
interviewed the Appellant in Detective Bill Illingworth’s office at the Monroe County
Sheriff’s Office. Child Protective Services (CPS) Supervisor Millicent Thomas and CPS
Investigator Courtney Stapp were also present for the interview. A video of the interview
was shown to the jury. At the time of the interview, Detective Fillyaw had not obtained
any evidence from the cellular telephones found at the Appellant’s residence. However,
Detective Fillyaw asked the Appellant about printed photographs that were found at the
Appellant’s residence. On October 13, 2017, Detective Fillyaw gave the cellular
telephones and a warrant to search the telephones to Detective Mills. Digital copies of the
printed photographs found in the residence were also on the cellular telephones.

       Detective Fillyaw said that after Detective Mills downloaded the evidence from the
Appellant’s cellular telephones, Detective Fillyaw watched the videos retrieved from the
telephones; the videos showed the victim in his bedroom at his grandmother’s residence.
Detective Fillyaw also looked at the other images found on the cellular telephones.

       Detective Fillyaw said that on October 16, 2017, he and Ms. Thomas interviewed
the Appellant. The State showed the video of the interview to the jury. Detective Fillyaw
said that he had found “quite a few” printed photographs in the Appellant’s closet, and,
during the interview, the Appellant said that “he printed all the images on his phone.” The
Appellant also admitted that he recorded the videos of the victim “just before or right after
[the victim] turned 14,” which occurred on January 17, 2017.

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       On cross-examination, Detective Fillyaw said that when he, Detective Illingworth,
Ms. Thomas, Investigator Stapp, and a CPS intern initially went to the Appellant’s
residence with a search warrant, no one was at the residence. While they were at the
residence, a silver Ford Explorer SportTrac arrived. The Appellant was driving the vehicle,
and Mona Moore was the passenger. Detective Illingworth obtained the Appellant’s
consent to search the residence. The Appellant claimed ownership of the cellular
telephones found in the residence. Detective Fillyaw said that the police seized a laptop
computer but that nothing was found on it.

        Detective Fillyaw agreed that the Appellant’s versions of events did not change
from the first interview to the second interview. The Appellant consistently maintained
that “there was . . . this issue with [the victim] and him masturbating and he was trying to
prove a point.” Detective Fillyaw agreed that the Appellant was not in any of the videos
the police recovered. The Appellant told Detective Fillyaw that he thought of the victim
as a son and that the victim looked at him as a father figure. Detective Fillyaw agreed that
many of the photographs of the victim were not sexual in nature.

        Mona Moore testified as the only defense witness. Ms. Moore stated that she had
known the Appellant for ten years and that they had been in a “[p]retty serious” relationship
for four-and-a-half years. Ms. Moore said that for the three-and-a-half years prior to the
charges, the Appellant had lived “at [the victim’s grandmother’s] residence.” Ms. Moore
stated that she and the Appellant shared a vehicle, their cellular telephones, and “just about
everything we had.” Ms. Moore said that her name was on the account for the cellular
telephones, that she purchased the cellular telephones, and that she paid the bill for the
cellular telephones.

       Ms. Moore said that she was present the night the police searched the Appellant’s
residence. She stated that she told Detective Illingworth, Detective Fillyaw, and Sheriff
Tommy Jones that she owned the cellular telephones and that she did not consent for law
enforcement to take or search the telephones. Ms. Moore said that only one cellular
telephone was active and that it was in her Ford Explorer SportTrac, which was the vehicle
she and the Appellant drove to the Appellant’s residence just prior to the search. The
Appellant had the other cellular telephones “just put up.” Ms. Moore explained that she
had purchased one of the cellular telephones and that the Appellant’s ex-wife had
purchased one of the cellular telephones. She did not explain who purchased the other
telephones. She agreed that none of the cellular telephones seized by the police “had an
active phone number or any account associated with them.”

       On cross-examination, Ms. Moore acknowledged that she and the Appellant had
been in an “on and off” relationship for twenty years but that their relationship had been
“solid” for four-and-a-half years. She conceded that she did not want anything bad to
                                            -5-
happen to the Appellant because she cared about him. Ms. Moore acknowledged that only
two of the cellular telephones belonged to her. She said that the Appellant had put the
cellular telephones in a box and that she did not know where the Appellant had put the box.
She said that the Appellant set up the passcodes on the telephones, that she did not know
the passcodes, and that she could not access the telephones unless the Appellant “unlocked”
them.

        The jury found the Appellant guilty on counts one and two of especially aggravated
sexual exploitation of a minor, on count three of sexual exploitation of a minor, and on
count four of unlawfully photographing a minor in violation of the minor’s privacy. The
trial court imposed sentences of ten years for each conviction of especially aggravated
sexual exploitation of a minor and merged the convictions in count four and count two.
Additionally, the trial court imposed a sentence of three years for the conviction of sexual
exploitation of a minor. The trial court ordered that the sentences for counts one and two
were to be served consecutively and that the sentence for count three was to be served
concurrently with count two, for a total effective sentence of twenty years.

      On appeal, the Appellant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in
denying the Appellant’s motion to suppress evidence seized from the cellular telephones
because the search warrant was not properly served on the Appellant.

                                         II. Analysis

       Regarding the search warrant, the Appellant contends that Tennessee Rule of
Criminal Procedure 41 required the police to serve him with the warrant for the search of
the cellular telephones or to leave a copy of the warrant for the Appellant at the premises.
He contends that the failure to leave a copy of the warrant denied him “the opportunity to
review or have notice of the search”; thus, it violated his constitutional right to due process,
and the evidence seized from the phones should have been suppressed. The State responds
that no evidence was adduced at the suppression hearing to support the Appellant’s claim
that he was not served with the search warrant. We agree with the State.

        In reviewing a trial court’s determinations regarding a suppression hearing,
“[q]uestions of credibility of the witnesses, the weight and value of the evidence, and
resolution of conflicts in the evidence are matters entrusted to the trial judge as the trier of
fact.” State v. Odom, 928 S.W.2d 18, 23 (Tenn. 1996). Thus, “a trial court’s findings of
fact in a suppression hearing will be upheld unless the evidence preponderates otherwise.”
Id. Nevertheless, appellate courts will review the trial court’s application of law to the
facts purely de novo. See State v. Walton, 41 S.W.3d 75, 81 (Tenn. 2001). Furthermore,
the prevailing party is “entitled to the strongest legitimate view of the evidence adduced at

                                             -6-
the suppression hearing as well as all reasonable and legitimate inferences that may be
drawn from that evidence.” Odom, 928 S.W.2d at 23.

        The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that “[t]he right
of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable
searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable
cause.” Likewise, article 1, section 7 of the Tennessee Constitution provides that “the
people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers and possessions, from unreasonable
searches and seizures.” While neither constitution specifies when a search warrant must
be obtained, generally law enforcement must secure a valid warrant before conducting a
search. See State v. McCormick, 494 S.W.3d 673, 678 (Tenn. 2016) (citing Kentucky v.
King, 563 U.S. 452, 459 (2011), State v. Meeks, 262 S.W.3d 710, 722 (Tenn. 2008)). Our
supreme court has stated that “searches and seizures conducted pursuant to warrants are
presumptively reasonable,” and that “warrantless searches and seizures are presumptively
unreasonable.” Id. at 678-79.

       Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 41 controls the issuance, service, and
execution of search warrants. Rule 41(d) provides that a magistrate shall prepare an
original and two exact copies of a search warrant and that one of the copies “shall be left
with the person or persons on whom the search warrant is served.” Tenn. R. Crim. P. 41(d).
Rule 41(e)(4) reiterates that the officer who executes the search warrant “shall: (A) give to
the person from whom or from whose premises the property was taken a copy of the
warrant and a receipt for the property; or (B) shall leave the copy and receipt at a place
from which the property was taken.” Tenn. R. Crim. P. 41(e)(4). Rule 41(g) provides that
“[a] person aggrieved by an unlawful or invalid search or seizure may move the Court
pursuant to Rule 12(b) to suppress any evidence obtained in the unlawful search or
seizure.” Tenn. R. Crim. P. 41(g). Further,

                 [t]he motion to suppress . . . may be granted, under applicable
                 substantive law . . . if the evidence in support of the motion
                 shows that . . . the serving officer—where possible—did not
                 leave a copy of the warrant with the person or persons on whom
                 the search warrant was served.

Id. at (g)(6).

                                              -7-
        In State v. Daniel, 552 S.W.3d 832, 834 (Tenn. 2018), our supreme court examined
whether an officer’s “apparent failure to give the Defendant a copy of the [search] warrant
[for her blood] at the time of its execution required suppression of the evidence obtained
pursuant to the warrant.” Our supreme court acknowledged that Rule 41(g) provided that
a person aggrieved of an unlawful or invalid search may move to have the evidence seized
as a result of that search suppressed and that, at that time, the motion “shall be granted”2 if
the serving officer failed to serve a copy of the warrant. Id. at 835. However, the court
demonstrated a “willingness to create narrow good-faith exceptions to Rule 41’s
exclusionary rule where the deviations from that Rule’s stringent requirements are
inadvertent, inconsequential, and clearly resulted in no prejudice to the defendant.” Id. at
838. In doing so, our supreme court recognized:

                “Warrants serve to provide law enforcement officials and
                persons subject to such warrants with written evidence that the
                search has been authorized by a judicial officer upon a showing
                of probable cause. Warrants also serve to define and to limit
                the duration and scope of authority of law enforcement
                officials by delineating the specific date and time of issuance
                of the warrant and by describing with particularity the premises
                to be searched and the items subject to seizure.”

Id. at 840 (quoting State v. Davis, 185 S.W.3d 338, 345 (Tenn. 2006)). The supreme court
further recognized that “‘[t]he purpose of providing notice to the owner of seized property
is to notify the owner of the source of the seizure so that the owner can pursue available
remedies for its return.’” Id. (quoting State v. Roy Len Rogers, No. E2011-02529-CCA-
R3-CD, 2013 WL 5371987, at *18 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Knoxville, Sept. 23, 2013)).

        In Daniel, the supreme court stated that the property to be seized was the
Defendant’s blood, that the Defendant knew her blood was being drawn, “by whom, at
what time, and for what purpose.” Id. The supreme court stated that under the facts of that
case, the officer’s “failure to leave a copy of the warrant with the Defendant did not cause
any particular or specific harm or prejudice to the Defendant, and the Defendant [did] not
contend that she suffered any such particular or specific prejudice.” Id. The supreme court
explained:

                      Officer Valentin testified that it was her practice to
                provide a copy of search warrants to the persons subjected to
        2
        Daniel concerned a prior version of Rule 41(g)(6). In 2018, Rule 41(g)(6) was amended to remove
the word “shall” and insert the word “‘may’ in the section of the rule regarding the exclusion of evidence,
and ma[d]e Rule 41 more consistent with recent statutory changes and recent case law.” Rule 41, Advisory
Comm’n Cmt.
                                                   -8-
              them but that she could not specifically recall providing one to
              the Defendant. She also testified that she had no reason to
              withhold a copy of the warrant from the Defendant, had not
              purposefully withheld the copy, and, if she had failed to give a
              copy to the Defendant, it was a mistake. The trial court
              explicitly found Officer Valentin to be an “honest” witness,
              and we have discerned no indication in the record that Officer
              Valentin’s failure to leave a copy of the warrant with the
              Defendant was the result of anything other than a simple,
              inadvertent oversight.

                     Based upon the record before us, particularly the trial
              court’s finding that Officer Valentin’s testimony was truthful,
              we conclude that Officer Valentin’s oversight occurred in good
              faith. We also conclude that Officer Valentin’s oversight
              caused no prejudice whatsoever to the Defendant.

Id.

        In the instant case, as in Daniel, the Appellant contends that the trial court should
have granted his motion to suppress because he was not served with a copy of the warrant
for the search of his cellular telephones. Detective Fillyaw, the only witness who testified
at the suppression hearing, acknowledged that he could not recall with certainty whether
he served the Appellant with the warrant for the search of the cellular telephones. He
explained that any doubt he had was the result of the two-year delay between the search
and the hearing. Regardless, Detective Fillyaw testified that his practice was to always
serve search warrants on the people whose property was to be searched and that he could
not recall ever failing to do so. Detective Fillyaw further testified that the only search
warrant in his file was the photocopy he made for his file. The trial court accredited
Detective Fillyaw’s testimony and found that nothing was before the court “upon which
[it] could even find that [the Appellant] wasn’t delivered a copy” of the search warrant. In
other words, the trial court found that the Appellant failed to meet his burden of
demonstrating that the service of the search warrant did not comply with the technical
requirements of Rule 41. See Daniel, 552 S.W.3d at 841.

       The trial court also accredited Detective Fillyaw’s testimony that the Appellant had
“actual knowledge, both before and after that this search did in fact occur, and he was
confronted with the information found from that search.” Our supreme court has explained
that

                                            -9-
             [w]hen a defendant has demonstrated that a search warrant or
             its supporting affidavit is noncompliant with the technical
             requirements of Rule 41 or other relevant statute(s), the burden
             shifts to the State to establish by a preponderance of the
             evidence that (1) the technical noncompliance was the result of
             a good-faith error and (2) the error did not result in any
             prejudice to the defendant.

Daniel, 552 S.W.3d at 841. Detective Fillyaw’s testimony, which was accredited by the
trial court, demonstrates that the Appellant had actual knowledge of the search of the
cellular telephones. Our supreme court has recognized such actual knowledge as a
permissible “good-faith exception to Rule 41’s technical requirement that the officer
executing a search warrant leave a copy of the warrant with the person searched.” Id.
Moreover, as the State noted, the Appellant has failed to show that he was prejudiced by
the alleged deficiency. We conclude that the trial court did not err in denying the motion
to suppress.

                                    III. Conclusion

      Finding no error, we affirm the judgments of the trial court.

                                                   _________________________________
                                                   NORMA MCGEE OGLE, JUDGE

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