Court Opinion

ID: 2724233
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 16:02:45.137305+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:42:39.666136
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
                IN AND FOR NEW CASTLE COUNTY

RSUI INDEMNITY COMPANY,                   )
                                          )
            Plaintiff,                    )
                                          )
       v.                                 )
                                          ) C.A. No. N13C-10-096 MMJ CCLD
SEMPRIS, LLC D/B/A BUDGET                 )
SAVERS AND PROVELL, INC. F/K/A            )
BUDGET SAVERS,                            )
                                          )
            Defendants.                   )

                           Submitted: June 23, 2014
                          Decided: September 3, 2014

         Upon Sempris, LLC’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment
                              GRANTED
       Upon RSUI Indemnity Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment
                               DENIED

                                  OPINION

Brian L. Kasprzak, Esquire, Marks, O’Neill, O’Brien, Doherty & Kelly, P.C.,
Thomas K. Hanekamp, Esquire (argued), Kathryn A. Formeller, Esquire, Tressler
LLP, Attorneys for Plaintiff

Jennifer C. Wasson, Esquire, Richard L. Horwitz, Esquire, Michael B. Rush,
Esquire, Potter Anderson & Corroon LLP, Craig C. Martin, Esquire, Christopher
C. Dickinson, Esquire, Brienne M. Letourneau, Esquire (argued), Jenner & Block
LLP, Attorneys for Defendants

JOHNSTON, J.
                   FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL CONTEXT

        This insurance coverage dispute arises out of a lawsuit filed against Sempris,

LLC d/b/a Budget Savers (“Sempris”). The underlying suit, Sarah Toney, et al. v.

Quality Resources, Inc., et al. (“Toney Lawsuit”), is pending in the United States

District Court for the Northern District of Illinois.1

        RSUI Indemnity Company (“RSUI”) issued a Directors and Officers

Liability Policy to Sempris bearing policy number NHP650549 (“Policy”). The

effective Policy Period ran from March 1, 2013 through March 1, 2014. The

maximum aggregate limit of liability under the Policy is $3,000,000. Sempris paid

a premium of $29,400 for the Policy. Sempris tendered the Toney Lawsuit to

RSUI for coverage under the Policy. RSUI has denied that it owes a duty to

defend or a duty to indemnify Sempris for the Toney Lawsuit.

        RSUI is an insurance company organized under New Hampshire law with its

principle place of business in Atlanta, Georgia. Sempris is a Delaware corporation

with its principle place of business in Minnesota.

        The Toney Lawsuit is a putative class action alleging two claims under the

Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”), 47 U.S.C. § 227. Count I – TCPA

– Do Not Call Registry – alleges that the defendants made unsolicited

telemarketing phone calls to the plaintiff and the class in violation of the TCPA 47

1
    Case No. 1:13-cv-42 (N.D. Ill.).

                                           1
U.S.C. § 227(c) and 47 C.F.R § 64.1200(c). 2 Count II – TCPA – Autodialed Calls

to Cell Phones – alleges that the defendants made improper calls to the plaintiff

and others’ cellular telephones using an automatic telephone dialing system and/or

artificial or prerecorded voice, in violation of the TCPA 47 U.S.C. § 227(b) and 47

C.F.R § 64.1200(a). 3

         RSUI filed this action on October 8, 2013, seeking a declaratory judgment

that RSUI owes no insurance coverage obligations to Sempris or Provell, Inc. f/k/a

Budget Savers (“Provell”).        Sempris is currently the sole defendant. 4     On

February 28, 2014, RSUI filed a Motion for Summary Judgment.                Also on

February 28, 2014, Sempris filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment seeking

a declaration that RSUI has a duty to defend Sempris against the underlying Toney

Claim.

         RSUI seeks summary judgment on Count II (“No Claim First Made During

the Policy Period”); Count III (“Section IV., Exclusions, Paragraph 11 Precludes

Coverage for the Toney Lawsuit”); Count IV (“The Endorsement Titled ‘Exclusion

– Specific’ Precludes Coverage for the Toney Lawsuit”); Count V (“Section IV.,

2
    Joint Stipulation of Material Facts (“JSF”), Ex. A. ¶ 60.
3
    JSF, Ex. A ¶ 79.
4
  The parties entered into a Joint Stipulation and Order regarding Count I (“Provell
Is Not An Insured Under the RSUI Policy”) of the Complaint. The parties agreed
that Provell is not an Insured under the Policy and is not entitled to a defense or
indemnity under the Policy.

                                            2
Exclusions, Paragraph 13.b Precludes Coverage for the Toney Lawsuit”); and

Count VI (“The Endorsement Entitled ‘Exclusion – Professional Errors and

Omissions’ Precludes Coverage for the Toney Lawsuit”) of its Complaint for

Declaratory Judgment. RSUI is also seeking summary judgment on Sempris’

counterclaims for breach of contract and declaratory judgment.

                                STANDARD OF REVIEW

         Summary judgment is granted only if the moving party establishes that there

are no genuine issues of material fact in dispute and judgment may be granted as a

matter of law. 5 All facts are viewed in a light most favorable to the non-moving

party. 6 Summary judgment may not be granted if the record indicates that a

material fact is in dispute, or if there is a need to clarify the application of law to

the specific circumstances. 7 When the facts permit a reasonable person to draw

only one inference, the question becomes one for decision as a matter of law. 8 If

the non-moving party bears the burden of proof at trial, yet “fails to make a

showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s

case,” then summary judgment may be granted against that party. 9

5
    Super. Ct. Civ. R. 56(c).
6
    Hammond v. Colt Indus. Operating Corp., 565 A.2d 558, 560 (Del. Super. 1989).
7
    Super. Ct. Civ. R. 56(c).
8
    Wootten v. Kiger, 226 A.2d 238, 239 (Del. 1967).
9
    Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986).

                                           3
           Where the parties have filed cross motions for summary judgment, and have

not argued that there are genuine issues of material fact, “the Court shall deem the

motions to be the equivalent of a stipulation for decision on the merits based on the

record submitted with the motions.”10 Neither party's motion will be granted

unless no genuine issue of material fact exists and one of the parties is entitled to

judgment as a matter of law.11

                                      ANALYSIS

                                 Contract Interpretation

           The parties agree that Delaware law applies to this dispute. 12 Insurance

contracts “are construed as a whole, to give effect to the intention of the parties.”13

Where the language of an insurance policy is “clear and unambiguous, the parties’

intent is ascertained by giving the language its ordinary and usual meaning.” 14

Where the language in an insurance policy is ambiguous, it is construed in favor of

the insured.15       A contract is ambiguous when the provisions at issue “are

10
     Super. Ct. Civ. R. 56(h).
11
     Emmons v. Hartford Underwriters Ins. Co., 697 A.2d 742, 744-45 (Del. 1997).
12
     JSF ¶ 19.
13
     AT&T Corp. v. Faraday Capital Ltd., 918 A.2d 1104, 1108 (Del. 2007).
14
     Id.
15
     Weiner v. Selective Way Ins. Co., 793 A.2d 434, 440 (Del. Super. 2002).

                                           4
reasonably or fairly susceptible of different interpretations or may have two or

more different meanings.”16

           To determine if an insurer has a duty to defend or indemnify a claim asserted

against a policy holder “the Court will look to the allegations in the underlying

complaint to decide whether the action against the policy holder states a claim

covered by the policy.” 17 An insurer’s duty to defend generally is broader than its

duty to indemnify. 18 An insurer’s duty to defend is triggered “where the factual

allegations in the underlying complaint potentially support a covered claim.”19

“[W]here there exists some doubt as to whether the complaint against the insured

alleges a risk insured against, that doubt should be resolved in favor of the

insured.” 20 The duty to defend is broad, “if even one count or theory of plaintiff’s

complaint lies within the coverage of the policy, the duty to defend arises.” 21

16
     Id.
17
  Virtual Bus. Enter., LLC v. Maryland Cas. Co., 2010 WL 1427409, at *4 (Del.
Super.).
18
     Id.
19
     Id.
20
  Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, PA v. Rhone-Poulenc Basic Chems. Co.,
1992 WL 22690, at *6 (Del. Super.) (citing Con’t Cas. Co. v. Alexis I. du Pont
School Dist., 317 A.2d 101, 105 (Del. Super. 1974)).
21
     Id.

                                             5
           In a coverage dispute, the insured has the burden to prove that the insurance

policy’s provisions cover the claimed loss. 22 The burden then shifts to the insurer

to prove that an exclusion applies to bar coverage.23

                                Relevant Policy Provisions

The Insuring Agreement provides, in relevant part:

           In consideration of the payment of premium and in reliance upon all
           statements made to the Insurer in the Application, and subject to the
           terms, conditions, definitions, exclusions and limitations hereinafter
           provided, the Insurer agrees:

                                       *     *      *

           C.    With the Insured Organization that if a Claim for a Wrongful
                 Act is first made against the Insured Organization during the
                 Policy Period and reported in accordance with Section V. –
                 CONDITIONS, C. Notice of Claim or Circumstance of this
                 policy, the Insurer will pay on behalf of the Insured
                 Organization all Loss the Insured Organization is legally
                 obligated to pay.

The following terms are defined in Section III of the Policy:

           B.    Claim, either in the singular or plural, means:
                 1. A written demand for monetary or non-monetary relief;

                 2. A civil, criminal, administrative, regulatory or arbitration
                   proceeding for monetary or non-monetary relief which is
                   commenced by:

                 a. Receipt or service of a complaint or similar pleading;

22
  First Bank of Del., Inc. v. Fidelity & Deposit Co. of Maryland, 2013 WL
5858794, at *3 (Del. Super.).
23
     Id.

                                             6
              b. Return of an indictment (in case of a criminal proceeding);
                 or

              c. Receipt of a notice of charges; . . .

                                  *      *       *

      K. Loss means damages (including back and front pay), settlements,
         judgments . . . and Defense Expenses.

            The DEFINITION of Loss shall include punitive or exemplary
            damages and the multiplied portion of any multiplied damage
            award, if and where insurable. For purposes of determining
            whether punitive or exemplary damages, or the multiplied portion
            of any multiplied damage award arising from any Claim shall be
            insurable by law, the Insurer agrees to abide by the law of
            whichever jurisdiction is applicable to such Claim and is most
            favorable to the Insured in that regard.

                                  *      *       *

      N. Wrongful Act means any actual or alleged act, error, omission,
         misstatement, misleading statement, neglect or breach of duty or
         any actual or alleged Employment Practices Wrongful Act, by:

              1. An Insured Person acting in his or her capacity as such and
                 on behalf of the Insured Organization or any matter claimed
                 against them solely by reason of their status as an Insured
                 Person; or

              2. The Insured Organization.

Section IV. of the Policy provides, in part, the following exclusions:

      The Insurer shall not be liable to make any payment for Loss in
      connection with any Claim made against the Insured:

      10.     Alleging, arising out of, based upon or attributable to, in whole
              or in part, any litigation involving any Insured that was
                                             7
            commenced or initiated prior to, or pending as of 02/19/03, or
            arising out of or based upon, in whole or in part, any facts or
            circumstances underlying or alleged in any such prior or
            pending litigation.

      11.   Alleging, arising out of, based upon or attributable to, directly
            or indirectly, the same or essentially the same facts underlying
            or alleged in any matter which, prior to the inception date of
            this policy, has been the subject of notice to any insurer of a
            Claim, or a potential or threatened Claim, or an occurrence or
            circumstance that might give rise to a Claim under any policy
            of which this insurance is a renewal or replacement or which it
            may succeed in time;

                                  *     *      *

      13.   With respect to INSURING AGREEMENT C. of this policy,
            only:

            b. For actual or alleged violation of any law, whether statutory,
               regulatory or common law, with respect to any of the
               following activities: anti-trust, business competition, unfair
               trade practices or tortuous interference in another’s business
               or contractual relationships;

The Endorsement entitled “Exclusion – Professional Errors and Omissions”

provides as follows:

      The Insurer shall not be liable to make any payment for Loss arising
      out of or in connection with any Claim made against any Insured
      alleging, arising out of, based upon or attributable to, in whole or in
      part, the performance or rendering of or failure to perform
      professional services, where such services are undertaken for others
      for a fee.

The Endorsement entitled “Exclusion – Specific” provides as follows:

      The Insurer shall not be liable to make any payment for Loss arising
      out of or in connection with any Claim, including but not limited to
                                        8
       any subsequent stockholders derivative or representative actions,
       made against any Insured alleging, arising out of, based upon or
       attributable to, directly or indirectly relating to:

       Dioquino v. Sempris, LLC, Case No. 11-CV-05556-SJO-MRW (C.D.
       Cal.)
       Daniell v. Sempris, LLC, 12-CH-44123 (Cook Cty. Ill.)
       Valencia v. Sempris, LLC, 12-CV-2985 (S.D. Cal.)
       Herman v. Sempris, LLC, 13-CV-0020 (W.D. Mich.)

Section V. Conditions, paragraph B.3 of the Policy (“Deemer Clause”) provides as

follows:

        All Claims based on, arising out of, directly or indirectly resulting
        from, in consequence of, or in any way involving the same or related
        facts, circumstances, situations, transactions or events, or the same or
        related series of facts, circumstances, situations, transactions or
        events, shall be deemed to be a single Claim for all purposes under
        this policy, shall be subject to Retention stated in item 4. of the
        Declarations Page, and shall be deemed first made when the earliest of
        such Claims is first made, regardless of whether such date is before or
        during the Policy Period.

                       Prior Lawsuits and the Toney Lawsuit

        The parties contest the impact that four prior lawsuits (“Prior Lawsuits”) 24

have regarding RSUI’s coverage obligations for the Toney Lawsuit.

     • On July 6, 2011, Sempris was named as a defendant in class action lawsuit

        Dioquino v. Sempris, LLC. 25 The plaintiff made an outbound telephone call

24
  Dioquino v. Sempris, LLC, Case No. 2:11-CV-05556-SJO-MRW (C.D. Cal.);
Daniell v. Sempris, LLC, Case No. 2012-CH-44123 (Cook Cty. Ill.); Valencia v.
Sempris, LLC, Case No. 12-CV-2985 (S.D. Cal.); Herman v. Sempris, LLC, Case
No. 13-CV-0020 (W.D. Mich.).

                                           9
         to order a book sold by Wealth Systems, LLC. Wealth Systems is a partner

         of Sempris. The plaintiff was subsequently charged fees for Sempris’ Value

         Plus Membership Program.        The suit alleged fraud, negligence, unfair

         competition, and violation of the Electronic Funds Transfer Act.

     • On December 13, 2012, Sempris was named as a defendant in class action

         lawsuit Daniell v. Sempris, LLC. 26 The plaintiff visited Defendant Emson’s

         website to order a “Super Wave Oven.” The plaintiff provided her billing

         information on the website. The order confirmation from Emson contained

         a link to an enrollment page for a Sempris Membership Program. The

         plaintiff did not click the link or opt in to join a Sempris membership

         program.    The plaintiff was subsequently charged for membership in

         Sempris’ Budget Savers Membership Program.           The suit alleged fraud,

         deceptive business practices, breach of contract, and unjust enrichment.

     • On December 14, 2012, Sempris was named as a defendant in class action

         lawsuit Valencia v. Sempris, LLC. 27 The plaintiff saw an infomercial for

         Defendant Ontel Products Corporation’s (“Ontel”) product Slushy Magic.

         The plaintiff placed an outbound telephone call to Ontel to order the Slushy

         Magic. The plaintiff, allegedly under the belief that he had qualified for a
25
     Dioquino v. Sempris, LLC, Case No. 11-CV-05556-SJO-MRW (C.D. Cal.).
26
     Daniell v. Sempris, LLC, 12-CH-44123 (Cook Cty. Ill.).
27
     Valencia v. Sempris, LLC, 12-CV-2985 (S.D. Cal.).

                                           10
        “free trial” of a program, was enrolled in Sempris Membership Program.

        The plaintiff did not have to repeat his billing information; however, he was

        charged membership fees for three months. The suit alleged violations of

        the Consumers Legal Remedies Act, California’s Unfair Competition Law,

        fraud by omission, breach of contract, and unjust enrichment.

     • On January 7, 2013, Sempris was named as a defendant in class action

        lawsuit Herman v. Sempris LLC. 28 The plaintiff saw an infomercial for

        Defendant Emson’s product, the Chair Gym. Herman placed an outbound

        telephone call to order the Chair Gym. The Emson representative told

        Herman that she could not authorize the purchase of the Chair Gym without

        enrollment in a “risk free trial” in a Sempris Membership Program. Herman

        only provided his billing information one time. After placing the order,

        Herman immediately called the number provided by the representative and

        canceled his membership.      Herman was subsequently charged for two

        nonconsecutive months of membership. The suit alleges violations of the

        Michigan Consumer Protection Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act,

        fraud by omission, and unjust enrichment.

     • The Toney Lawsuit was filed on October 8, 2013. The Toney Lawsuit

        alleges that after Ms. Toney placed an online order for Stompeez children’s

28
     Herman v. Sempris, LLC, 13-CV-0020 (W.D. Mich.).

                                          11
         slippers, she received several calls on her cellular telephone from Quality

         Resources, Inc. (“Quality Resources”) to verify her order information.29

         Quality Resources is a third party telemarketer.30 The telephone calls at

         issue were allegedly made using an automated dialing system without prior

         consent of Ms. Toney, whose cellular telephone number was on the national

         Do Not Call Registry. 31 After Ms. Toney’s order was verified, the Quality

         Resources representative tried to sell Ms. Toney Sempris’ Budget Savers

         goods and/or services. 32 Ms. Toney was never charged for membership in a

         Sempris program. The Toney Lawsuit alleges two violations of the TCPA.

                 The Toney Lawsuit falls within the Insuring Agreement

         The parties agree that the Toney Lawsuit meets the definition of a Claim

under the Policy and reflects alleged Wrongful Acts as defined by the Policy. 33

                  The Toney Lawsuit is not Related to the Prior Lawsuits

         RSUI argues that Toney does not meet the requirements of the Insuring

Agreement.        The Insuring Agreement provides coverage “if a Claim for a

Wrongful Act is first made against the Insured Organization during the Policy

29
     JSF, Ex. A, ¶¶ 22-24.
30
     JSF, Ex. A, ¶ 10.
31
     JSF, Ex. A, ¶¶ 9, 45.
32
     JSF, Ex. A, ¶ 24.
33
     JSF ¶ 14.

                                           12
Period . . . .” RSUI contends that the Toney Lawsuit is related to the Prior

Lawsuits and therefore, the Toney Lawsuit is not a Claim first made during the

Policy Period.      RSUI argues that coverage is barred by Section V. Conditions,

paragraph B.3, which provides in part:

         All Claims based on, arising out of, directly or indirectly resulting
         from, in consequence of, or in any way involving the same or related
         facts, circumstances, situations, transactions or events, or the same or
         related series of circumstances, transactions or events, shall be
         deemed to be a single Claim for all purposes under this policy . . . and
         shall be deemed first made when the earliest of such Claims is first
         made . . . .

The Policy Period ran from March 1, 2013 through March 1, 2014. The Toney

Lawsuit was filed on July 31, 2013, within the Policy Period. The Prior Lawsuits

were filed before the Policy Period.

         RSUI argues that the Court should use a broad interpretation of the phrases

“arising out of” and “or in any way involving” to find that the Toney Lawsuit is

related to the Prior Lawsuits. The Delaware Supreme Court found that “the term

‘arising out of’ is broadly construed to require some meaningful linkage between

the two conditions imposed in the contract.” 34 The United States Court of Appeals

for the First Circuit found that “the ‘or in any way involving’ clause is a mop-up

clause intended to exclude anything not already excluded by the other clauses.” 35

34
     Pacific Sun Ins. Co. v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 956 A.2d 1246, 1257 (Del. 2008).
35
  Clark School for Creative Learning, Inc. v. Philadelphia Indem. Ins. Co., 734
F.3d 51, 57 (1st Cir. 2013).
                                           13
           The Court recognizes the precedent instructing broad interpretation of these

clauses. However, the facts alleged in Toney are different from those in the Prior

Lawsuits. In Toney, an outbound call was made from an autodialer to Ms. Toney’s

cellular telephone, which was listed on the National Do Not Call Registry. The

underlying facts in the Prior Lawsuits, as alleged at the time the Toney Lawsuit

was filed, would not give rise to a cause of action under the TCPA.

           RSUI relies on United Westlabs, Inc., et al. v. Greenwich Insurance Co., et

al.36 in support of its position that the Toney Lawsuit is related to the Prior

Lawsuits and, therefore, cannot be considered as a Claim first made within the

Policy Period. In Westlabs, this Court applied an “interrelated claims” provision to

bar coverage where the subsequent claim was asserted against additional

defendants (who were officers of the original Defendant corporation) and included

new causes of action and alleged conduct.37

           United Westlabs, Inc. (“UWL”) sought insurance coverage from two

Insurers for liability and expenses stemming from UWL’s dispute with Seacoast

Laboratory Data Systems (“Seacoast”). 38          UWL commenced arbitration with

Seacoast in January 2007, alleging breach of contract. 39 Seacoast counterclaimed,

36
     2011 WL 2623932 (Del. Super.).
37
     Id.
38
     Id. at *1.
39
     Id. at *2.
                                            14
alleging breach of contract and copyright infringement (“2007 Counterclaims”). 40

UWL brought a claim against Seacoast in the United States District Court for the

Central District of California in February 2007.41 UWL subsequently obtained

insurance policies from two Insurers. UWL did not disclose its dispute with

Seacoast to the Insurers.        In December 2008, UWL brought claims against

Seacoast in United States District Court for the Central District of California

asserting that Seacoast breached the March 2007 Settlement Agreement.42

Seacoast filed counterclaims (“2009 Counterclaims”) adding two UWL officers as

defendants. 43 The Court found the wrongful acts giving rise to the 2007 and 2009

Counterclaims were “fundamentally identical.”44 “Both involve a breach of the . . .

Agreement claim, a claim for copyright infringement or ‘hacking,’ and the same

facts, circumstances, situations, transactions, and events.” 45

           The insurance policy at issue in Westlabs contained an Interrelated Claims

provision, stating: “All Claims arising from Interrelated Wrongful Acts shall be

deemed to constitute a single claim and shall be deemed to have been made at the

40
     Id.
41
     Id.
42
     Id. at *5.
43
     Id.
44
     Id. at *11.
45
     Id. at *14.

                                           15
earliest time at which the earliest Claim is made . . . .” 46 The Court found that

Seacoast’s 2007 and 2009 Counterclaims arose from Interrelated Wrongful Acts

and therefore the Counterclaims were treated as a single claim made in January

2007. 47      The Court found that coverage was barred because the claims were

deemed to have been made before the inception of UWL’s policies with both

Insurers.48

           Westlabs is distinguishable from this case. The underlying wrongful acts in

Westlabs which gave rise to the 2007 and 2009 Counterclaims were fundamentally

identical and arose from a dispute among the same parties. 49 The Court is not

persuaded that the facts in this case are analogous or warrant a similar finding.

           The Court finds that the Prior Lawsuits are not related to the Toney Lawsuit.

The Prior Lawsuits all arise out of a plaintiff contacting a third-party product

vendor, and in that same transaction, the third party enrolls the plaintiff in, and

initiates billing for, membership in a Sempris Membership Program. In contrast,

Ms. Toney placed an online order. She subsequently was contacted by Quality

Resources, a third-party telemarketer. Unlike the prior lawsuits, both claims in

Toney are TCPA claims. It is this initiation of contact from an autodialer to Ms.

46
     Id.
47
     Id. at *15.
48
     Id.
49
     Id. at **14-15.

                                             16
Toney’s cellular telephone—listed on the National Do Not Call Registry—which

gave rise to the Toney Lawsuit. Further, Ms. Toney never was enrolled in a

Sempris Membership Program, separating her from the fraud-based claims of the

Prior Lawsuits.

      The date the Toney Lawsuit is deemed to have been filed is not affected by

the Prior Lawsuits. The Toney Lawsuit was filed within the Policy Period, and

falls within the Insuring Agreement.

        Exclusions do not Apply to Bar Coverage for the Toney Lawsuit

      The Court finds that Sempris met its burden to prove the Claim falls within

the Insuring Agreement. The burden then shifts to RSUI to demonstrate that an

exception applies to bar coverage.50

           The Prior Notice Exclusion does not Apply to Bar Coverage

      RSUI has not shown that the Prior Notice Exclusion bars coverage for the

Toney Lawsuit. The Prior Notice Exclusion bars coverage for a Claim “[a]lleging,

arising out of, based upon or attributable to, directly or indirectly, the same or

essentially the same facts underlying or alleged in any matter which, prior to the

inception date of this policy, has been the subject of notice to any insurer of a

Claim . . . .” As previously discussed, the Court finds that the Toney Lawsuit is

based on alleged TCPA violations and does not “arise out of” the Prior Lawsuits.
50
   First Bank of Del., Inc. v. Fidelity & Dep. Co. of Maryland, 2013 WL 5858794,
at *3 (Del. Super.).

                                       17
The Court has distinguished the Prior Lawsuits, which arise out of allegedly

fraudulent enrollment in Sempris Membership Programs initiated through contact

from the consumer.

The Endorsement Entitled “Exclusion – Specific” does not Apply to Bar Coverage

      RSUI fails to demonstrate that the Endorsement entitled “Exclusion –

Specific” bars coverage. The Exclusion – Specific provides that RSUI “shall not

be liable to make any payment for Loss arising out of or in connection with any

Claim . . . made against the Insured alleging, arising out of, based upon or

attributable to, directly or indirectly relating to” the Prior Lawsuits. As discussed

above, the Court finds the Toney Lawsuit does not arise out of the Prior Lawsuits.

      The Unfair Trade Practices Exclusion does not Apply to Bar Coverage

      RSUI fails to show that coverage is barred by the Unfair Trade Practices

Exclusion. The Exclusion bars coverage: “For actual or alleged violation of any

law . . . with respect to any of the following activities: . . . unfair trade practices or

tortuous interference in another’s business or contractual relationships.” The Court

finds that the exclusion is limited to “another’s business or contractual

relationships.”   The Court finds that the alleged tortious interference with an

individual, at issue in Toney, is not within the scope of the Unfair Trade Practices

Exclusion.

                                           18
       The Professional Services Exclusion does not Apply to Bar Coverage

      RSUI fails to demonstrate that the Professional Services Exclusion applies to

bar coverage. The Exclusion bars coverage for any “Claim made against any

Insured alleging, arising out of, based upon or attributable to . . . the performance

or rendering of or failure to perform professional services . . . .” To qualify as

“Professional Services,” as defined in the Policy, services must be “undertaken for

others for a fee.” The Complaint merely states: “As the company whose products

and services are being sold, Budget Savers, Sempris and their clients reap the

benefit of these sales calls.” Similarly, in the Prior Lawsuits the complaints do not

allege that fees were paid for professional services. Based on the record, the only

fees generated here are the membership fees consumers pay to Sempris. The

Toney Claim alleges that Quality Resources made calls at the direction of Sempris.

There is no suggestion in the complaint that Sempris provided professional

services to others for a fee. Therefore, this exclusion is not applicable to the facts

in the Toney Lawsuit.

                                  CONCLUSION

      No genuine issue of material fact exists that would prevent the Court from

granting summary judgment. Sempris has met its burden to prove the Toney

Lawsuit falls within the Policy’s grant of coverage. The Court finds that the Toney

Lawsuit, arising from alleged violations of the TCPA, is not related to the Prior

                                         19
Lawsuits. The Court finds that RSUI has failed to prove that any exception exists

that bars coverage for the Toney Lawsuit. Counts II, III, IV, V and VI are not

dismissed, as requested by RSUI. The Court finds that RSUI has a duty to defend

Sempris in the underlying Toney Lawsuit.

      THEREFORE, RSUI’s Motion for Summary Judgment is hereby

DENIED. Sempris’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment is hereby GRANTED.

      IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                     /s/ _Mary M. Johnston_________
                                     The Honorable Mary M. Johnston

                                       20