Court Opinion

ID: 4428987
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-20 19:16:10.094533+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:50:52.499156
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-4576-17T1

JOSEPH M. COLLETTE, II,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

BRITTANY A. WELSH,

     Defendant-Respondent.
__________________________

                    Submitted January 17, 2019 – Decided March 28, 2019

                    Before Judges Simonelli and Whipple.

                    On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
                    Chancery Division, Family Part, Atlantic County,
                    Docket No. FD-01-0077-18.

                    Joseph M. Collette, II, appellant pro se.

                    Respondent has not filed a brief.

PER CURIAM

          Plaintiff Joseph Collette appeals from an April 13, 2018 Family Part child

support order. We reverse and remand for a hearing.
        Plaintiff and defendant, Brittany Welsh, have shared custody of their son.

On November 28, 2017, they negotiated a parenting schedule and child support,

which was memorialized in an order. They subsequently executed three written

consent orders on March 9, 2018, which modified their November 28, 2017

agreement in order to change their parenting schedule to accommodate their

son's school schedule, share summer camp expenses and change the holiday

schedules for 2018. On March 20, 2018, plaintiff moved to re-calculate child

support due to changed financial circumstances, the omission of work -related

childcare on the Child Support Guidelines (Guidelines) worksheet, an inaccurate

overnight calculation because of the agreed changes to the schedule and the need

to address controlled expenses incurred as a result of equally shared parenting

time.

        On April 9, 2018, the parties appeared before a hearing officer who denied

plaintiff's request to recalculate overnights but agreed both parties' incomes had

changed. The hearing officer ran the Guidelines using the previously agreed -

upon 209 overnights for defendant and 156 overnights for plaintiff and

recommended a new support amount of $122 per week. Plaintiff appealed to the

Family Part judge because he believed the hearing officer's overnight calculation

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failed to account for those days in which he had the parties' son for over twelve

hours and instead only considered where the child slept at night.

      Plaintiff argued "overnight" should have been interpreted to mean the

majority of the twenty-four-hour day, as defined by Appendix IX-A to Rule

5:6A, not where the child sleeps at night. Child Support Guidelines, Pressler &

Verniero,   Current     N.J.   Court   Rules,   Appendix     IX-A    to    R.     5:6A,

www.gannlaw.com (2019).         The judge rejected this argument and defined

"overnight" as where the child sleeps, stating:

            I go by what we do in this courthouse. And I understand
            those guidelines. And in this courthouse when we make
            a determination, overnight is sleeping overnight at the
            house. And so we do not give that credit if the child is
            not sleeping over the house. Understand, those
            guidelines are – that's what's a guideline is, a guideline.
            So I follow what, what the family law judges have
            historically done. And that's . . . the way I will do it for
            this.

      Plaintiff also contested his responsibility for controlled expenses. He

argued if overnights were properly defined, there would be no Parent of Primary

Residence (PPR) because the child spends equal time at each home. The judge

disagreed and stated:

                   Well here's the thing. You're lucky enough to
            have this child between you. And although – and it
            didn't work out between the two of you. At the end of
            the day it should be about the best interest of your son.

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            And what's really in the best interest of you is spending
            time with your child.

This appeal followed.

      "Because of the family courts' special jurisdiction and expertise in family

matters, appellate courts should accord deference to family court factfinding."

Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 413 (1998). This deference applies "unless it is

determined that [the judge] went so wide of the mark that the judge was clearly

mistaken." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. G.L., 191 N.J. 596, 605

(2007). However, questions of law determined by the trial court require de novo

review by the appellate court. Avelino-Catabran v. Catabran, 445 N.J. Super.

574, 587 (App. Div. 2016).

      On appeal, plaintiff argues it was error for the judge not to follow the

Guidelines for computing parenting time to determine overnight shares. If

overnight is defined as a majority of twenty-four hours, plaintiff contends there

is no true PPR and his controlled expenses obligation should be recalculated.

Although not addressed below, plaintiff now argues defendant should not have

been awarded an Other Legal Dependents deduction without providing proof of

income.

      Plaintiff is entitled to a hearing. In reviewing the Guidelines, "[o]vernight

means the majority of a [twenty-four]-hour day (i.e., more than [twelve] hours)."

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Pressler & Verniero, Appendix IX-A to R. 5:6A. The Guidelines make no

mention of where the child physically sleeps. Therefore, the court's decision to

ignore the meaning of the term "overnight," precisely defined in the Guidelines

as more than twelve hours in a twenty-four-hour day, was an abuse of discretion.

Moreover, the judge offered no practical reason for defining "overnight" as

where the child actually sleeps.

      Inherent in the Guidelines are expectations, which are often inexact, about

which parent bears more of a burden of the child's expenses. In a shared custody

situation, the Guidelines anticipate that only the PPR incurs "controlled

expenses," such as for clothing and personal care, which is one-fourth of the

basic child support amount. Benisch v. Benisch, 347 N.J. Super. 393, 397 (App.

Div. 2002). Wunsch-Deffler v. Deffler addressed the formula for backing out a

percentage of controlled expenses when the parents share equal overnights with

the child. 406 N.J. Super. 505, 509 (Ch. Div. 2009). 1 Based on this record, we

cannot discern whether plaintiff and defendant actually have a true fifty-fifty

arrangement for purposes of calculating child support based on the parties'

respective overnights. Thus, the Family Part must consider how many days each

1
  Although not binding on this court, see S & R Associates v. Lynn Realty
Corp., 338 N.J. Super. 350, 355 (App. Div. 2001), we find Wunsch-Deffler to
be an instructive case in these circumstances.
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parent has the child for more than twelve hours.            Pending the court's

determination, a Wunsch-Deffler analysis may also be required because the

overnight calculation has an impact on how controlled expenses might be

shared.

      Moreover, the Guidelines to Rule 5:6A set forth the factors that allow for

adjustment of the basic child support obligation. If a parent, such as defendant,

is attempting to claim the Other Legal Dependents deduction, "where there is

not an order requiring either parent to pay support for the other dependent this

adjustment shall be used only if the income, if any, of the other parent of the

secondary family is provided to or ascertainable by the court[.]" Pressler &

Verniero, Appendix IX-A to R. 5:6A. The record does not reflect whether

defendant's spouse's income was reported to the court.

      Up-to-date case information statements are to be filed by the parties, along

with all other appropriate documentation, before support is recalculated using

the shared parenting guidelines.

      Reversed and remanded for further findings consistent with this opinion.

We do not retain jurisdiction.

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