Court Opinion

ID: 1072874
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:54:01.574131+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:24:18.334676
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                                 AT NASHVILLE
                                 Assigned on Briefs December 14, 2000

             FRANKIE L. WHITE, ET AL. v. RONNIE L. GAULT, ET AL.

                             Appeal from the Circuit Court for Coffee County
                                 No. 28,301    L. Craig Johnson, Judge

                         No. M2000-00534-COA-R3-CV - Filed August 21, 2001

The plaintiff filed a Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02 motion, seeking to reinstate his claim after the Supreme
Court reversed a decision cited by this court when dismissing his appeal. The trial court denied the
motion. We affirm.

               Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court
                                    Affirmed and Remanded

PATRICIA J. COTTRELL , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which BEN H. CANTRELL , P.J., M.S.,
and WILLIAM C. KOCH , JR., J., joined.

Frankie L. White, Wartburg, Tennessee, Pro Se.

Robert F. Hazard, Tullahoma, Tennessee, for the Appellees, Ronnie L. Gault Pamela Freeman.

                                                        OPINION

         This appeal is the plaintiff’s1 effort to resuscitate a dismissed complaint.2 On January 10,
2000, Mr. White filed a Motion for Relief from Judgment pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02, asking
the court to set aside its previous order dismissing his complaint for failure to prosecute. In his
motion, he stated that 1) the trial court had dismissed the previous complaint on May 24, 1999 for
failure to prosecute; 2) he had placed his notice of appeal in the mail at “(M.T.R.C.) Cockrill Bend
Institute” on June 18, 1999, but that the Coffee County Clerk’s record showed the notice was not
received until June 24, 1999, thirty-one days after the court dismissed his complaint; 3) this court
dismissed the appeal, citing Goodwin v. Hendersonville Police Dep’t, No. 01A01-9509-CH-00423

         1
          Although the original complaint seems to have had multiple plaintiffs, only Mr. White, a pro se litigant, signed
the Rule 60 .02 motio n. We sha ll, therefore, refer to him as the only p laintiff.

         2
           T he dismissed co mplaint is not p art of the reco rd before this court, but the a ppellees’ state ment of the case
indicates that it de alt with conditio ns at the Coffee County jail.
(Tenn. Ct. App. Sept. 17, 1997), because the notice was not timely filed; 4) this court issued its
mandate to the trial court based on Goodwin; and 5) on October 18, 1999 the Tennessee Supreme
Court reversed Goodwin.

        In support of his Rule 60.02 motion, the plaintiff submitted a memorandum setting out the
above mentioned facts and noting the similarity between his own case and Goodwin, in which an
incarcerated pro se litigant had delivered his notice of appeal to the appropriate person at the
correctional facility within the allowed time. The Supreme Court stated, “[W]e find his notice of
appeal to have been timely filed because he delivered it to prison officials well within the period
allowed.” Goodwin v. Hendersonville Police Dep’t, 5 S.W.3d 633, 634 (Tenn. 1999). Mr. White’s
memorandum concluded, “For the foregoing reasons, your plaintiff respectfully requests this court
vacate its previous order of May 24, 1999, and reinstate said order as of the entry of the court’s
order.”

         Although not directly stated in the motion, the plaintiff is candid in his brief that he wanted
the trial court to re-enter its dismissal of his complaint so that he could again appeal that dismissal.
The trial court denied his motion and the plaintiff appeals.

          A party seeking relief under Rule 60.02 bears a heavy burden. As, this court has previously
stated:

           [R]elief under Rule 60.02 is considered "an exceptional remedy." Nails v. Aetna Ins.
          Co., 834 S.W.2d 289, 294 (Tenn.1992). The function of Rule 60.02 is "to strike a
          proper balance between the competing principles of finality and justice." Jerkins v.
          McKinney, 533 S.W.2d 275, 280 (Tenn.1976). Rule 60.02 operates as "an escape
          valve from possible inequity that might otherwise arise from the unrelenting
          imposition of the principle of finality imbedded in our procedural rules." Thompson
          v. Fireman's Fund Ins. Co., 871 S.W.2d 157, 159 (Tenn.1990). However, "[b]ecause
          of the 'principle of finality,' the 'escape valve' should not be easily opened." Banks v.
          Dement Constr. Co ., 817 S.W.2d 16, 18 (Tenn.1991) (quoting Toney v. Mueller Co.,
          810 S.W.2d 145, 146 (Tenn.1991)).

          To set aside a judgment under Rule 60.02 the burden is upon the movant to prove
          that he is entitled to relief, and there must be proof of the basis on which relief is
          sought. See Brumlow v. Brumlow, 729 S.W.2d 103, 106 (Tenn. Ct. App.1986);
          Jefferson v. Pneumo Servs. Corp., 699 S.W.2d 181, 186 (Tenn. Ct. App.1985). A
          motion for relief from a judgment pursuant to Rule 60.02 addresses the sound
          discretion of the trial judge. Accordingly, the scope of review on appeal is limited to
          whether the trial judge abused his discretion. See Toney v. Mueller Co., 810 S.W.2d
145 (Tenn.1991); Travis v. City of Murfreesboro, 686 S.W.2d 68, 70 (Tenn.1985).

Sellers v. Sellers, No. W2000-1475-COA-R3-CV, 2001 WL 523964 at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. May 15,
2001) (no Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed).

                                                    -2-
        When this court entered its order dismissing the plaintiff’s appeal, the plaintiff had sixty days
to seek permission to appeal to the Supreme Court. Tenn. R. App. P. 11(b). When those sixty days
passed, and permission to appeal was not sought, this court’s dismissal of the appeal became final,
making the trial court’s order a final judgment. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02 allows a trial court to set
aside a final judgment on certain limited grounds, as follows:

        (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect; (2) fraud (whether
        heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation, or other misconduct
        of an adverse party; (3) the judgment is void; (4) the judgment has been satisfied,
        released or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is based has been reversed
        or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer equitable that a judgment should have
        prospective application; or (5) any other reason justifying relief from the operation
        of the judgment. . . .

Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02. Although not explicitly stated, Mr. White’s argument rests on the fourth
ground, that the judgment should be set aside because “a prior judgment upon which it is based has
been reversed or otherwise vacated.”

        Tennessee cases interpreting Rule 60.02(4) are few. However, this court in Continental
Cheshire Assocs. v. AGS Cheshire Assocs., 1986 WL 14444 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 22, 1986) (no
Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed), was faced with a situation in which a prior lawsuit had been
dismissed as to certain defendants for lack of in personam jurisdiction. That dismissal was upheld
by this court, and the Supreme Court denied review. 1986 WL 14444 at *1. After the Supreme
Court issued a subsequent opinion in an unrelated case regarding in personam jurisdiction,
intervenors in the earlier case filed a Rule 60.02(4) motion, seeking to have the final judgment
previously entered set aside, the effect of which would be to reinstate their counterclaim against the
defendants. Id. The trial court denied the Rule 60.02(4) motion, and this court affirmed, relying on
federal case law interpreting Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(5), which contains language identical to that of
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(4). We noted:

        Litigation must end some time, and the fact that a court may have made a mistake in
        the law when entering a judgment, or that there may have been a judicial change in
        the court’s view of the law after its entry, does not justify setting it aside.

1986 WL 14444 at *4 (quoting Collins v. City of Wichita, 254 F.2d 837, 839 (10th Cir. 1958)). We
further noted that relief from judgment on grounds that “a prior judgment upon which it is based has
been reversed or otherwise vacated” was only available in

        situations where the present judgment is based on the prior judgment in the sense of
        res judicata or collateral estoppel. Rule 60(b)(5) does not apply where a case relied
        on as precedent by the court in rendering the present judgment has since been
        reversed.

                                                  -3-
Id. at *3 (quoting Wallace Clark & Co. v. Acheson Industries, Inc., 394 F. Supp. 393, 395 n.4
(S.D.N.Y. 1975)). More recent federal cases have followed the same reasoning. See Dowell v. State
Farm Fire & Casualty Automobile Ins. Co., 993 F.2d 46, 48 (4th Cir. 1993) (“a decisional change
in the law subsequent to the issuance of a final judgment, especially, as here, where the earlier
judgment is neither res judicata nor provides collateral estoppel, does not provide a sufficient basis
for vacating the judgment under Rule 60(b)(5)”); Bailey v. Ryan Stevedoring Co., Inc., 894 F.2d 157,
160 (5th Cir. 1990) (“A change in decisional law after entry of judgment does not constitute
exceptional circumstances and is not alone grounds for relief from a final judgment.”).

        Mr. White could have appealed this court’s dismissal to the Supreme Court, as did the
plaintiff in Goodwin, but he did not. We find no abuse of discretion in the denial of the Rule
60.02(4) motion, and affirm the trial court. This cause is remanded for such further proceedings as
may be necessary. Costs are taxed to the appellant, Frankie L. White, for which execution may issue
if necessary.

                                                       ___________________________________
                                                       PATRICIA J. COTTRELL, JUDGE

                                                 -4-