Court Opinion

ID: 9404843
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-06-26 15:09:21.239969+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:17.653074
License: Public Domain

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Gilbert M. Martinez,                             :
                                                 :
                                Appellant        :
                                                 :
                v.                               : No. 960 C.D. 2022
                                                 : Submitted: June 5, 2023
City of Reading Police                           :
Pennsylvania Department                          :
of Transportation                                :

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
PER CURIAM                                                                FILED: June 26, 2023

                Gilbert M. Martinez (Martinez) appeals, pro se, the order of the Berks
County Court of Common Pleas (trial court) dismissing his Action for Declaratory
Judgment (Action), and Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Motion), filed against
the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (DOT) and the City of Reading
Police Department (Reading Police) pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Civil
Procedure (Pa.R.Civ.P.) 240(j)(1).1 We affirm.

        1
          Pa.R.Civ.P. 240(j)(1) states, in pertinent part: “If, simultaneous with the commencement
of an action or proceeding . . . , a party has filed a petition for leave to proceed in forma pauperis,
the court prior to acting upon the petition may dismiss the action [or] proceeding . . . if it is satisfied
that the action [or] proceeding . . . is frivolous.” As this Court has observed: “A frivolous action
has been defined as one that ‘lacks an arguable basis in law or fact.’ Note to Pa. R.C[iv].P. []
240(j) (quoting Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319 (1989)). Stated differently, a frivolous action
fails to state a valid cause of action on its face. McGriff v. Vidovich, 699 A.2d 797, 799 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1997).” Laramy v. Garman (Pa. Cmwlth., No. 928 C.D. 2018, filed February 12, 2020),
slip op. at 4.
               On July 18, 2022, Martinez filed the unverified Action, pursuant to
Pa.R.Civ.P. 1601 and 1602, and the unverified Motion,2 pursuant to Pa.R.Civ.P.
1531, in which he sought declaratory and injunctive relief against DOT and the
Reading Police.3       Along with the Action and Motion, Martinez also filed an
unverified application to proceed in the matter in forma pauperis (Application).

       2
         Pa.R.Civ.P. 1024(a) states, in relevant part: “Every pleading containing an averment of
fact not appearing of record in the action . . . shall state that the averment . . . is true upon the
signer’s personal knowledge or information and belief and shall be verified.” As the Pennsylvania
Superior Court has observed:

                       As noted in Goodrich Amram, “[t]he requirement of a
               verification is not waivable because without it a pleading is mere
               narration, and amounts to nothing.” 2 Goodrich Amram 2d
               §1024(a):[2 (2023) (footnotes omitted)].           While our cases
               acknowledge that amendment should be liberally allowed to cure
               technical defects in a verification, see, e.g., George H. Althof, Inc.
               v. Spartan Inns of America, Inc., [441 A.2d 1236 (Pa. Super. 1982)];
               Monroe Contract Corp. v. Harrison Square, Inc., [405 A.2d 954
               (Pa. Super. 1979)], there is no doubt but that the verification
               attached to the complaint in the instant case falls so far short of the
               statutory mandate that the verification is wholly defective and
               inadequate to support entry of a [] judgment against [the] appellants.

Atlantic Credit and Finance, Inc. v. Giuliana, 829 A.2d 340, 344 (Pa. Super. 2003). Likewise, in
the instant matter, the complete lack of a verification is wholly defective and inadequate to support
the entry of the requested relief against DOT and the Reading Police.

       3
          In particular, in the Action, Martinez sought the following declaratory relief: (1) “[a]
declaration decreeing that [he] has a common law right to travel freely for pleasure and to conduct
his business in his automobile unimpeded by police and that [he] is not required in accordance
with his common law right to possess a driver’s license to use his property on the highway, streets,
or roads, and that no registered license plate, liability insurance, or state inspection shall be
required”; (2) “[a] declaration decreeing that [DOT and the Reading Police] willfully violated [his]
4th, 5th, and 14th [A]mendment right[s under] the U.S. [C]onstitution, [U.S. Const. amend. IV, V,
and XIV,] as well as the [D]ue Process and [E]qual [P]rotection [C]lause[s] by unlawfully entering
my automobile, unlawful[ly] us[ing] tracking devices, and vandalizing my property for no
legitimate reason or lawful purpose”; (3) “[a]n award of reasonable cost[s] to repair the computers
(Footnote continued on next page…)
                                                 2
               On August 10, 2022, the trial court issued an order denying Martinez’s
in forma pauperis Application because: (1) the Application was not properly
verified; (2) the declaratory and injunctive relief requested in the Action and Motion
is in violation of the laws of this Commonwealth; and (3) the allegations in the
Action and Motion do not allege causes of action because they are “vague and
without the necessary detail.” Trial Court 8/10/22 Order. Martinez then filed the
instant timely appeal of the trial court’s order.
               On appeal,4 Martinez claims that the trial court erred in dismissing the
Application because: (1) Pa.R.Civ.P. 240(b) specifically provides that a party who
is without the financial resources to pay the costs of litigation is entitled to proceed
in forma pauperis; and (2) the trial court’s summary dismissal of the Action and

and door lock[s] in my automobiles”; (4) “[a]n [a]ward of reasonable attorney fees and costs”; and
(5) “[i]njuncti[ve] relief ordering [relief requested in] number (1) as demanded here until the outset
of this case, and whatever relief the court deems just and proper in the interest[s] of justice.”
Action at 11.

       In addition, in the Motion, Martinez sought the following injunctive relief:

               [Martinez] respectfully demands an injunction ORDER decreeing
               that [he has] a common law right to travel freely for pleasure and to
               conduct his business in his automobile unimpeded by the [Reading
               Police] and that he is not required in accordance with his common
               law right to possess a driver’s license to use his property on the
               highway, streets, or roads, and that no registered license plate,
               liability insurance and[/]or state inspection shall be required.
               [Martinez] further requests an order directing the [Reading Police]
               to provide [him] with [its] policy manual.

Motion at 8.

       4
          In reviewing a trial court’s order dismissing Martinez’s Application pursuant to
Pa.R.Civ.P. 240(j)(1), this Court is limited to determining whether his constitutional rights were
violated, and whether the trial court abused its discretion or committed an error of law. Jones v.
Doe, 126 A.3d 406, 408 n.3 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015).
                                                  3
Motion without disposing of his Application demonstrates an ill will toward him
thereby violating his “right to the fair, orderly, and expeditious administration of
justice.” Brief for Appellant at 10. However, Martinez misapprehends the manner
in which the trial court was required to proceed on his Application under Pa.R.Civ.P.
240.
             As the Pennsylvania Superior Court has noted:

                    The purpose of granting in forma pauperis status to
             indigent litigants is to enable them to access the court
             system without having to pay the costs normally
             associated with court proceedings. As society grows more
             litigious and economic resources become more scarce, it
             is increasingly important that both litigants and courts act
             responsibly. An individual seeking to proceed in forma
             pauperis, thus requesting to have court costs paid for from
             funds provided to this Commonwealth by its taxpayers,
             has a responsibility to present a valid cause of action. To
             hold otherwise would violate [Pa.R.Civ.P.] 240(j) and
             would display a blatant disregard for the notion of judicial
             economy. Courts should not allow a litigant seeking in
             forma pauperis status to use the court’s time and the
             taxpayer’s money to support a frivolous claim.
Conover v. Mikosky, 609 A.2d 558, 560 (Pa. Super. 1992). “In other words, an action
is frivolous, and therefore subject to dismissal before the court considers the petition
to proceed in forma pauperis, if, on its face, the action does not set forth a valid
cause of action.” 25A Standard Pa. Practice 2d §127:101 at 107 (2006) (footnotes
omitted).
             In the opinion filed in support of its order in this case, the trial court
explained its rationale for dismissing the Action, Motion, and Application as
follows:

                   This court denied the in forma pauperis
             [Application] because the pleading was not properly

                                           4
            verified, the relief requested in the [Action and Motion
            are] in violation of the laws of the Commonwealth of
            Pennsylvania, and the allegations are so vague that they
            did not allege any causes of action. Due to these defects
            and [Martinez’s] failure to state a cause of action for which
            relief can be granted, this court denied [his] in forma
            pauperis [Application]. [Martinez] has been the defendant
            in approximately fourteen different actions filed by
            various municipalities because he refuses to believe that
            laws and regulations apply equally to him as a citizen of
            the United States. He does not pay, inter alia, water bills
            and taxes, so municipal[] claims are filed against him. In
            the case sub judice, he is attempting to sue governmental
            units because they enforce laws that every citizen must
            obey to protect other members of our society. [Martinez]
            declares himself “a[n] unfranchised Common law free
            man” (sic) which does not have to be obligated by laws or
            contracts to pay for a driver’s license to travel in his
            automobile, to be forced to register his license plate, to be
            forced to buy automobile insurance, and to be forced to
            have his vehicles undergo state inspections. He is
            therefore suing [DOT and the Reading Police] to obtain
            injunctions against them to stop them from enforcing
            motor vehicle laws. Since this relief is not permitted under
            the law, this court did not grant [him] in forma pauperis
            relief. This court determined that it could not aid [him] in
            pursuing a case that had no basis for relief and sought
            illegal remedies.
Trial Court 8/25/22 Opinion.     The foregoing demonstrates that the trial court
properly considered the merits of the claims presented in Martinez’s Action and
Motion before ruling on his Application to proceed in forma pauperis in accordance
with the requirements of Pa.R.Civ.P. 240.
            Moreover, with respect to the merit of the claims raised in Martinez’s
Action and Motion, article II, section 1 of the Pennsylvania Constitution declares
that “[t]he legislative power of this Commonwealth shall be vested in a General
Assembly . . . .” Pa. Const. art. II, §1. In this regard, the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court explicated long ago:
                                         5
       The plenary power of the Legislature over the
highways of the [C]ommonwealth is of ancient standing,
and seldom, if ever, has been questioned. It was said . . .
in an early case: ‘In England, a highway is the property of
the King as parens patriae. * * * In Pennsylvania, it is the
property of the people, not of a particular district, but of
the whole state. * * * Highways, therefore, being
universally the property of the state, are subject to its
absolute direction and control.’

       It must be treated as elementary law that public
roads are laid out and opened for the use of all persons on
equal terms; that is, to all who comply with the reasonable
regulations of the duly constituted authorities. The right
to use a public highway for travel or in the transportation
of merchandise is not unrestricted. It is for the
[C]ommonwealth, acting through the Legislature, to direct
the conditions under which this limited right shall be
exercised. It alone has the power to regulate the manner
and circumstances under which automobiles may be
operated upon the highways of the [C]ommonwealth. This
power is vested in the Legislature, and is based, not only
upon its right to control and regulate the use of the
highways, but is buttressed by the inherent police power
of the state.

       This power of the state has been upheld by the
Supreme Court of the United States. In Kane v. New
Jersey, 242 U.S. 160, 167 [(1916)], the Supreme Court
said: ‘The power of a state to regulate the use of motor
vehicles on its highways has been recently considered by
this court and broadly sustained.’ See Hendrick v.
Maryland, 235 U.S. 610 [(1915)]. Mr. Justice Butler said,
in Hess v. Pawloski, 274 U.S. 352, 356 [(1927)]: ‘Motor
vehicles are dangerous machines, and, even when
skillfully and carefully operated, their use is attended by
serious dangers to persons and property. In the public
interest the state may make and enforce regulations
reasonably calculated to promote care on the part of all,
residents and nonresidents alike, who use its highways.’
See also Hodge Co. v. Cincinnati, 284 U.S. 335 [(1932)].

                             6
                    The permission to operate a motor vehicle upon the
             highways of the [C]ommonwealth is not embraced within
             the term civil rights, nor is a license to do so a contract or
             a right of property in any legal or constitutional sense.
             Although the privilege may be a valuable one, it is no more
             than a permit granted by the state, its enjoyment depending
             upon compliance with the conditions prescribed by it, and
             subject always to such regulation and control as the state
             may see fit to impose.
Commonwealth v. Funk, 186 A. 65, 67-68 (Pa. 1936) (citations omitted). Thus,
“[t]he right to operate a motor vehicle on the public highway is subject to regulation
under the police power and such regulations have been embodied in the Vehicle
Code[, 75 Pa. C.S. §§101 - 9805].” Commonwealth v. Irwin, 29 A.2d 68, 69 (Pa.
1942).
             Specifically, pursuant to its clear constitutional authority, the General
Assembly has enacted the following relevant provisions of the Vehicle Code: (1)
Section 1301(a), 75 Pa. C.S. §1301(a) (“No person shall drive or move and no owner
. . . shall knowingly permit to be driven or moved upon any highway any vehicle
which is not registered in this Commonwealth. . . .”); (2) Section 1331(a), 75
Pa. C.S. §1331(a) (“Registration plates shall be provided by [DOT].”); (3) Section
1332(a), 75 Pa. C.S. §1332(a) (“Every registration plate shall, at all times, be
securely fastened to the vehicle to which it is assigned or on which its use is
authorized in accordance with regulations promulgated by [DOT].”); (4) Section
1501(a), 75 Pa. C.S. §1501(a) (“No person . . . shall drive any motor vehicle upon a
highway or public property in this Commonwealth unless the person has a driver’s
license valid under the provisions of this chapter.”); (5) Section 1511(a), 75 Pa. C.S.
§1511(a) (“Every licensee shall possess a driver’s license issued to the licensee at
all times when driving a motor vehicle and shall exhibit the license upon demand by
a police officer, and when requested by the police officer the licensee shall write the

                                           7
licensee’s name in the presence of the officer in order to provide identity.”); (6)
Section 1786(a), 75 Pa. C.S. §1786(a) (“Every motor vehicle of the type required to
be registered under this title which is operated or currently registered shall be
covered by financial responsibility.”); (7) Section 1786(b), 75 Pa. C.S. §1786(b)
(“[DOT] shall require that each motor vehicle registrant certify that the registrant is
financially responsible at the time of registration or renewal thereof.”); (8) Section
4701, 75 Pa. C.S. §4701 (“No owner or driver shall refuse to submit a vehicle . . . to
any inspection and test that is authorized or required by the provisions of this
chapter.”); and (9) Section 4728, 75 Pa. C.S. §4728 (“The appropriate certificate of
inspection shall be affixed to the vehicle . . . as specified in regulations adopted by
[DOT].”).
              Martinez has not cited any legal authority undermining the validity of
any of the foregoing well-settled law. As a result, the trial court did not err or abuse
its discretion in dismissing the Action and Motion pursuant to Pa.R.Civ.P. 240(j)(1),
before ruling on Martinez’s Application under Pa.R.Civ.P. 240(b), because the
claims raised in the Action and Motion are patently frivolous and Martinez may not
obtain the requested declaratory and injunctive relief.5
              Accordingly, the trial court’s order is affirmed.

       5
         See, e.g., Truax v. Corrigan, 257 U.S. 312, 332 (1921) (“Our whole system of law is
predicated on the general fundamental principle of equality of application of the law. ‘All men
are equal before the law,’ ‘This is a government of laws and not of men,’ [and] ‘No man is above
the law,’ are all maxims showing the spirit in which legislatures, executives and courts are
expected to make, execute, and apply laws.”).
                                               8
         IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Gilbert M. Martinez,                 :
                                     :
                        Appellant    :
                                     :
            v.                       : No. 960 C.D. 2022
                                     :
City of Reading Police               :
Pennsylvania Department              :
of Transportation                    :

PER CURIAM

                                    ORDER

            AND NOW, this 26th day of June, 2023, the order of the Berks County
Court of Common Pleas dated August 11, 2022, is AFFIRMED.