Court Opinion

ID: 9862733
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-09-25 02:00:41.680966+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:31:20.190953
License: Public Domain

Cox, J.
¶14 (concurring) — I agree with the majority that Nicholas Pappas cannot prevail in this appeal. For the reasons stated in my special concurrence in State v. Duncalf4 I write separately in this case to state my belief that an instruction defining “substantially exceed” should be required in future cases of this type where a jury is considering aggravating circumstances.5 Nevertheless, I concur in the result reached by the majority in this case.
Review granted at 173 Wn.2d 1026 (2012).

 State v. Duncalf, 164 Wn. App. 900, 912, 267 P.3d 414 (2011) (Cox, J., concurring).

 State v. Stubbs, 170 Wn.2d 117, 129, 240 P.3d 143 (2010) (“substantially exceed” means that the injuries sustained by the defendant reached the level of bodily harm necessary to satisfy the elements of the greater offense, not charged).