Court Opinion

ID: 9889855
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-11 17:10:48.003973+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:48:48.821553
License: Public Domain

J-S29039-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  JEREMY FRIEDLANDER                           :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 1699 MDA 2022

     Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 12, 2022
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Bradford County
            Criminal Division at No(s): CP-08-MD-0000195-2022

BEFORE:      MURRAY, J., KING, J., and COLINS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.:                             FILED OCTOBER 11, 2023

       Jeremy Friedlander appeals from the judgment of sentence imposed

following a non-jury trial in which he was found guilty of indirect criminal

contempt of a Protection from Abuse (“PFA”) Act order. See 23 Pa.C.S. §

6114(a). For this offense, Friedlander was sentenced to one to six months of

incarceration and a one thousand dollar fine. On appeal, Friedlander singularly

asserts that the trial court abused its discretion in denying his request for a

continuance of his trial. We vacate the judgment of sentence and remand for

a new trial.

       As best can be gleaned from the record, the court granted an ex parte

temporary PFA order against Friedlander on June 27, 2022. The affidavit of

service for that order indicates that Friedlander was served on June 29, 2022,

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 Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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at 3:00 AM. However, that same affidavit of service is dated July 29, 2022.

      On August 11, 2022, an indirect criminal contempt complaint was filed,

alleging that Friedlander had violated the temporary PFA order by harassing

the individual that it protects. On September 14, 2022, the court continued

proceedings until October 11, 2022, apparently in order for Friedlander to

obtain counsel. At or around this September date, Friedlander applied for

representation from the Bradford County Office of the Public Defender, which,

according to him, was granted. Friedlander was incarcerated at the county jail

as of the date that he made the application.

      When Friedlander was bailed out of jail on September 23, 2022,

following further consultation, he became aware that he made too much

money to receive representation from a public defender. Accordingly, over the

subsequent roughly three-week period, Friedlander indicated that he “had to

skip a truck payment, a camper payment, but [he] was able to save up [fifteen

hundred dollars] and obtain [his current counsel,] William Hebe[, Esq.,] in

Wellsboro.” N.T., Violation of PFA Trial, 10/11/22, at 2. Despite acquiring

private counsel, Friedlander, at the October 11 trial, conveyed to the court

that “[t]he earliest [counsel] could meet with [him] was [October 14, 2022].”

Id. Friedlander’s attorney “told [Friedlander] to ask [the court] for a

continuance because he couldn’t see [him] until [October 14].” Id.

Immediately prior to the October 11 trial, Friedlander, after apprising the

Commonwealth of his intention, requested a continuance, which was denied

by the court because Friedlander, having already had one continuance, “had

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several weeks to obtain an attorney[.]” Id. Moreover, in light of the

September 14 continuance, this was the victim’s second time being present

and ready before the court. See id., at 2-3.

      At the October 11 trial, Friedlander proceeded pro se. The testimony

was limited to an August 11, 2022 incident where the victim recalled

Friedlander chasing her in their respective automobiles. The vehicles

eventually stopped, and Friedlander then attempted to grab her out of her

vehicle. After this testimony, Friedlander asked no questions, asserting that

he “wasn’t even there.” Id., at 7. Ultimately, “since the only evidence that’s

been presented is the evidence of the … victim, … the [c]ourt [found]

[Friedlander] guilty of [i]ndirect [c]riminal [c]ontempt[.]” Id. On December

12, 2022, the trial court sentenced Friedlander to a one-to-six-month term of

incarceration and a one thousand dollar fine. Friedlander timely appealed from

this sentence, and the relevant parties complied with their respective

obligations under Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925.

      On appeal, Friedlander presents one issue for our consideration:

      1. Did the lower court abuse its discretion in denying his pro se
         continuance request?

See Appellant’s Brief, at 4.

      We apply the following standard of review to Friedlander’s issue:

      A decision to grant or deny a continuance rests within the sound
      discretion of the trial court. We will not reverse a trial court’s
      decision absent a showing of abuse of that discretion or prejudice
      to the defendant. An abuse of discretion is not merely an error of
      judgment. Rather, discretion is abused when the law is overridden

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       or misapplied, or the judgment exercised is manifestly
       unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will,
       as shown by the evidence or the record.

Commonwealth v. Tucker, 143 A.3d 955, 966 (Pa. Super. 2016) (quotation

marks and citations omitted) (cleaned up). As to the specific rules governing

continuance motions:

       A motion for continuance on behalf of the defendant shall be made
       not later than 48 hours before the time set for the proceeding. A
       later motion shall be entertained only when the opportunity
       therefor did not previously exist, or the defendant was not aware
       of the grounds for the motion, or the interests of justice require
       it.

Pa.R.Crim.P.      106(D).     Further     expounding   upon     this   precept,   in

Commonwealth v. Robinson, 364 A.2d 665 (Pa. 1976), our Supreme Court

noted that “[t]here are no mechanical tests for deciding when a denial of a

continuance is so arbitrary as to violate due process. The answer must be

found in the circumstances present in every case, particularly in the reasons

presented to the trial judge at the time the request is denied.” Id., at 594

(citation omitted).

       Specifically related to Friedlander’s continuance request in this case to

obtain new counsel1,

       [i]n examining whether a trial court abused its discretion in
       refusing to grant a continuance for a defendant to retain new
       counsel, … [w]e have … looked to the number of prior
       continuances in the matter, the timing of the motion, whether
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1 At a minimum, Friedlander was entitled to counsel for the duration of indirect

criminal contempt proceedings before the lower court. See 23 Pa.C.S. §
6114(b)(3).

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      private counsel had actually been retained, and the readiness of
      private counsel to proceed in a reasonable amount of time.

Commonwealth v. Prysock, 972 A.2d 539, 542-43 (Pa. Super. 2009).

      Mirroring its pronouncement at the trial, in its Rule 1925(a) statement,

the court justified its decision denying Friedlander of his continuance request

because:

      [Friedlander] had previously been granted a continuance to obtain
      counsel. He appeared again without counsel. The Commonwealth
      twice had witnesses (alleged victim) appear. It was not
      unreasonable or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will
      that [Friedlander’s] continuance request was denied.

Statement in Lieu of Opinion Pursuant to [Pa.R.A.P.] 1925(a), 2/2/23, at 1.

      As Friedlander was effectively obligated to proceed pro se at the time of

the trial, we note the following:

      The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides
      that in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right
      to have the assistance of counsel for his or her defense. Similarly,
      Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution of this Commonwealth
      affords to a person accused of a criminal offense the right to
      counsel. However, the constitutional right to counsel of one’s own
      choice is not absolute. Rather, the right of an accused individual
      to choose his or her own counsel, as well as a lawyer’s right to
      choose his or her clients, must be weighed against and may be
      reasonably restricted by the state’s interest in the swift and
      efficient administration of criminal justice. Thus, while defendants
      are entitled to choose their own counsel, they should not be
      permitted to unreasonably clog the machinery of justice or
      hamper and delay the state’s efforts to effectively administer
      justice.

Commonwealth v. Lucarelli, 971 A.2d 1173, 1178-79 (Pa. 2009) (citations

omitted). In Lucarelli, our Supreme Court found that the defendant, who

proceeded pro se before the trial court, forfeited his right to counsel because

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“he engaged in extremely dilatory conduct. [That defendant] had more than

eight months to prepare for trial; had the financial means to retain counsel;

did retain counsel on several occasions …; and failed to offer an explanation

for not having retained counsel by the start of trial.” Id., at 1180.

      “[O]ne charged with indirect criminal contempt is to be provided the

safeguards which statute and criminal procedures afford.” Commonwealth

v. Baker, 722 A.2d 718, 720 (Pa. Super. 1998); see also 23 Pa.C.S. §

6114(b)(3) (establishing right to counsel in indirect criminal contempt

proceedings). Generally speaking, “absent a knowing and intelligent waiver,

no person may be imprisoned for any offense … unless he is represented by

counsel at his trial.” Commonwealth v. Crawford, 352 A.2d 52, 54 n.6 (Pa.

1976). This right is necessarily extended to contempt proceedings where “the

defendant is faced with the prospect of imprisonment.” Id. (citation omitted).

“In order to make a knowing and intelligent waiver, the individual must be

aware of both the nature of the right and the risks and consequences of

forfeiting it.” Commonwealth v. Phillips, 93 A.3d 847, 851-52 (Pa. Super.

2014) (citations and quotation marks omitted).

      Upon review, we conclude that the trial court abused its discretion by

denying Friedlander’s request for a continuance. While the continuance

request was not made until the date of trial, only one prior request had been

made approximately three weeks prior to the trial, Friedlander was

incarcerated for a portion of the interim period, and he contacted the Office of

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the Public Defender in that period and was initially informed that he was

entitled to a public defender, but later was ruled ineligible. See Prysock, 972

A.2d at 542-43. Further, Friedlander retained private counsel, Attorney Hebe,

during that period, apprised the court of the name of his counsel, and provided

a date certain, three days after the scheduled trial, upon which he would be

able to meet with Attorney Hebe to discuss the particularities of his case.2 See

id.

       Moreover, we note that the effect of the lower court’s ruling was to

deprive Friedlander of his right to counsel at trial. While a criminal defendant

can forfeit the right to counsel through “extremely serious misconduct” or

“extremely dilatory conduct,” the trial court did not make a finding that

Friedlander had engaged in the level of conduct that would warrant such a

forfeiture. Lucarelli, 971 A.2d at 1179. In addition, the court did not conduct

the necessary on-the-record colloquy to show that Friedlander wanted to

voluntarily waive his right to counsel prior to the trial that resulted in the

court’s adjudication of his guilt. See Crawford, 352 A.2d at 54 n.6.

       Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in

denying Friedlander’s request for a continuance, and we vacate his judgment

of sentence and remand this matter to the trial court.

       Judgment of sentence vacated. Case remanded for a new trial.

____________________________________________

2 Attorney Hebe entered an appearance in the trial court on October 24, 2022,

and he has continued to represent Friedlander through this appeal.

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Jurisdiction relinquished.

Date: 10/11/2023

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