Court Opinion

ID: 4330201
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-13 23:32:31.640773+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:28:56.068227
License: Public Domain

CARL DIMICHELE AND EILEEN DIMICHELE, Petitioners v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RespondentDiMichele v. CommissionerDocket Nos. 12083-90, 18587-91United States Tax CourtT.C. Memo 1995-488; 1995 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 492; 70 T.C.M. (CCH) 969; October 10, 1995, Filed *492  Decisions will be entered for respondent, except as to petitioner's liability for the addition to tax for fraud.  Robert E. Madden, for petitioner Carl DiMichele. Stephen P. Patrizio, for petitioner Eileen DiMichele. Douglas A. Fendrick, for respondent.  WHALENWHALENMEMORANDUM FINDINGS OF FACT AND OPINION WHALEN, Judge: Respondent determined the following deficiencies in and additions to petitioners' Federal income tax: Additions to TaxSec.Sec.Sec.Sec.Sec.YearDeficiency6653(a)(1)(A)6653(a)(1)(B)6653(b)(1)6653(b)(2)66611985$ 265,182----$ 132,5911$ 66,296198622,927$ 1,1461----5,732Unless stated otherwise, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code as in effect during the years in issue. Prior to trial, petitioner Carl DiMichele conceded liability for the above tax deficiencies and additions to tax, determined by respondent in two notices of deficiency issued to petitioners. At trial, respondent's attorney conceded that no part of the underpayment for 1985 was due to the fraud of petitioner Eileen DiMichele. Following those concessions, *493  the only issue for decision is whether petitioner Eileen DiMichele qualifies as a so-called innocent spouse under section 6013(e) and should be relieved of liability for the subject tax deficiencies and the additions to tax for 1986. Therefore, all further references to "petitioner" are references to Mrs. DiMichele. FINDINGS OF FACT The parties have stipulated some of the facts in these consolidated cases. The Stipulation of Facts filed by the parties and the exhibits attached thereto are incorporated herein by this reference. At the time the subject petitions were filed, petitioner resided in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Mr. DiMichele resided at the Federal Correctional Institution in Loretto, Pennsylvania. Petitioner was born Eileen Secatore on January 3, 1945, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She graduated from high school and, after a marriage that lasted less than 1 year, she attended "hairdressing school" and briefly worked as a hairdresser. Petitioner met Mr. DiMichele in 1964, and they were married in 1970. Petitioner and Mr. DiMichele took up residence in a house located at 2010 South 15th Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that had been purchased by petitioner and*494  her brother on October 22, 1969, for approximately $ 12,000. In addition to her son from her first marriage, petitioner's two brothers lived with the DiMicheles. In 1978, a daughter, Christina, was born to petitioner and Mr. DiMichele. Christina was a hyperactive child, and in 1983, she was responsible for a fire that burned petitioner and damaged her home. Petitioner received two payments from her insurance company in the amounts of $ 32,700 and $ 28,103. As mentioned below, petitioner used these funds to open an account at Home Unity Savings & Loan. During each of the years 1978 through 1986 inclusive, petitioner filed a joint return with Mr. DiMichele. Each of those returns states that petitioners' address was "406 Orchard Avenue, Somerdale, New Jersey 08083." That is the address of a cousin of petitioner's husband. Neither petitioner nor her husband ever lived at that address. In fact, petitioner and her husband resided in the house located at 2010 South 15th Street from 1970 through the time of trial. Petitioner's 1984 joint income tax return reports that the DiMicheles were paid total wages of $ 26,000 from a company, Out of the Past, Ltd. According to Schedule W, Deduction*495  For A Married Couple When Both Work, attached to the 1984 return, petitioner was paid $ 6,500 of the wages in that year and Mr. DiMichele was paid $ 19,500. Petitioner's 1985 income tax return reports that petitioner was paid wages of $ 23,400 by Out Of The Past, Ltd. During 1989 and 1990, petitioner was employed by Quality Sandwich Service, Inc., and she was paid wages of $ 11,700 and $ 9,120, respectively. In passing, we note that petitioner's Form W-2, Wage and Tax Statement, for 1985 lists petitioner's address as "406 Archard Ave., Somer Dale, NJ 08083." The following is a summary of the income reported on petitioner's joint income tax returns for 1978 through 1986: 19781979198019811982Schedule CGeneral Sign Co.$ 3,925$ 18,809--  --   --  Wages--General Sign Co.--  1,200$ 28,700$ 4,000 --  Wages--Out ofthe Past, Inc.Mr. DiMichele--  --  --  --   $ 18,000Petitioner--  --  --  --   --  Installment Saleof BusinessCapital--  --  --  8,658 380Ordinary--  --  --  4,906 215Capital gain--  --  --  --   --  Schedule EVacant property--  --  --  (171)--  1533 Emily--  --  --  --   --  N. 5th St.,--  --  --  --   --  Commercial Bldg.1441 Shunk--  --  --  --   --  1433 Partnership--  --  --  --   --  Interest--  --  14010,113 11,921Dividends--  --  --  --   --  Total income3,92520,00928,84027,506 30,516*496 1983198419851986Schedule CGeneral Sign Co.--  --   --   --   Wages--General Sign Co.--  --   --   --   Wages--Out ofthe Past, Inc.Mr. DiMichele$ 26,000$ 19,500 $ 2,400 --   Petitioner--  6,500 23,400 --   Installment Saleof BusinessCapital36311,726 --   --   Ordinary2063,472 --   --   Capital gain--  --   --   $ 6,175 Schedule EVacant property--  --   --   --   1533 Emily--  (1,243)(1,996)(1,846)N. 5th St.,--  --   5,070 9,605 Commercial Bldg.1441 Shunk--  --   --   (343)1433 Partnership--  (5,208)(2,899)(1,245)Interest11,31114,920 16,925 11,200 Dividends1862 77 137 Total income37,89849,729 42,977 23,683 During the period 1981 through May 7, 1989, Mr. DiMichele and others, including Mr. Michael Madgin, engaged in the illegal sale of methamphetamine, a controlled substance, in violation of 21 U.S.C. section 841. As part of that illegal activity, Mr. Madgin visited petitioners' home from time to time to purchase methamphetamine from Mr. DiMichele. On *497  those visits, Mr. Madgin would occasionally deliver cash to Mr. DiMichele in amounts ranging from $ 25,000 to $ 100,000. On one occasion in 1985 when Mr. DiMichele was not at home, Mr. Madgin gave petitioner a brown shopping bag containing $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 worth of cash to give to her husband. Mr. Madgin did not see petitioner open the bag. On another occasion in 1985, Mr. DiMichele, Mr. Madgin, and another individual counted money and discussed drug transactions in front of petitioner in the kitchen of petitioners' home. On May 7, 1987, pursuant to a search warrant, Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) agents and City of Philadelphia police officers conducted a search of petitioners' house. During the course of their search, the DEA agents and Philadelphia police officers found cash in the aggregate amount of $ 194,972. They also found jewelry worth $ 10,166, gambling chips worth $ 8,277.50, five firearms, fur coats, and assorted financial records. On the following day, the DEA agents obtained search warrants to search two safe deposit boxes owned jointly by petitioner and Mr. DiMichele. The safe deposit boxes were located near the DiMicheles' home at First Pennsylvania Bank, 1444*498  W. Passyunk Avenue, in Philadelphia. In one safe deposit box, No. 402901, the DEA agents found cash in the amount of $ 225,000 and 10 gold coins, marked "Canada 999", each weighing 1 ounce. In the other safe deposit box, No. 301640, the agents found cash in the amount of $ 3,015 and jewelry worth $ 181,938. The value of the jewelry found in petitioners' home and in safe deposit box No. 301640, in the aggregate amount of $ 192,104, was determined by an appraiser retained by the DEA agents. We note that the same jewelry was valued by an appraiser retained by petitioners at $ 111,167.50. At about the time of the Government's investigation into Mr. DiMichele's affairs, petitioners, either individually or jointly, maintained the following bank accounts: Bank Accounts/CD'sAccount No.DateJointPetitionerDelaware Cash Reserve8-943701-26/25/87$ 2,181.13--Delaware Cash Reserve8-943617-26/25/87----Home Unity S & L21700884-86/30/874,546.12--Home Unity S & L1990157858/31/871,760.49--Home Unity S & L1545-01129/17/87--$ 11,669.05United Jersey Bank0070068101/16/8732,132.67--United Jersey Bank034839222/88----United Jersey Bank000-00287723/88----United Jersey Bank90392715/86----PSFS5-05318866/30/87----Prudential S & L01-250000009168/31/87--1 9,926.48Beneficial S & L03-01882106/30/87--2 2,729.58Beneficial S & L03-54-492276/30/87--2 2,919.6340,620.4127,244.74*499 Bank Accounts/CD'sAccount No.Mr. DiMicheleTotalDelaware Cash Reserve8-943701-2--$ 2,181.13Delaware Cash Reserve8-943617-2$ 3,882.993,882.99Home Unity S & L21700884-8--4,546.12Home Unity S & L199015785--1,760.49Home Unity S & L1545-0112--11,669.05United Jersey Bank007006810--32,132.67United Jersey Bank034839222,261.582,261.58United Jersey Bank000-002877214,038.0814,038.08United Jersey Bank90392718,668.198,668.19PSFS5-053188611,000.0011,000.00Prudential S & L01-25000000916--9,926.48Beneficial S & L03-0188210--2,729.58Beneficial S & L03-54-49227--2,919.6339,850.84107,715.99In addition to the above accounts, petitioner and her husband maintained a checking account at First Pennsylvania Bank, account No. 298-643-8, that they had opened in 1978. During the years in issue, petitioner wrote monthly checks from the account to pay the mortgage and certain household utilities, such as the telephone, electric, *500  cable TV, and water. During 1985 and 1986, checks totaling approximately $ 4,913 and $ 4,358, respectively, were drawn from this account. On April 15, 1983, petitioner opened an individual retirement account at United Jersey Bank in her name and deposited $ 500 into the account. Additional deposits of $ 2,000 were made into the account during each of the years in issue, 1985 and 1986. The balance of the account on April 30, 1994, was $ 8,150.52. Similarly, on April 15, 1983, Mr. DiMichele opened an individual retirement account at United Jersey Bank and deposited $ 1,750 into the account. He made additional deposits of $ 2,000 into the account during each of the years in issue. On May 31, 1984, petitioner opened a bank account under her maiden name, Eileen Secatore, at Home Unity Savings & Loan. She initially deposited $ 56,057.78, consisting of the insurance proceeds from the fire in petitioners' home in 1983. On May 11, 1987, petitioner and her husband withdrew $ 25,000 from the Home Unity account, and on June 16, 1987, they withdrew $ 33,000 more from the account. On June 18, 1987, petitioner opened an account at United Jersey Bank, in her maiden name, Eileen Secatore, and made*501  an initial deposit of $ 33,000. At about the time of the Government's investigation into Mr. DiMichele's affairs, petitioners owned the following real property: Real EstateDateMr. DiMichelePetitionerJointTotal2010 S. 15th St.10/22/69--  $ 12,000--  $ 12,0001533 Emily St.1981--  --  $ 16,16816,1681433 W. Passyunk05/83--  --  60,00060,000Ave.Trina Dr.12/11/85--  --  8,5008,5001916-18 N. 5th St.05/10/85--  --  32,00032,0001441 Shunk St.03/86--  --  8,5008,500506, 508, 51010/19/84$ 30,000--  --  30,000Fitzwater St.30,00012,000125,168167,168All of the above properties are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Petitioner and her brother, William, had purchased the property at 2010 S. 15th Street, on October 22, 1969, for approximately $ 12,000. The house located on this property remained petitioner's primary residence after her marriage to Mr. DiMichele. At some time after 1969, petitioner obtained sole ownership of the property. In 1987, petitioner transferred the property back to her brother, Mr. William Secatore. In 1981, petitioner and Mr. DiMichele purchased *502  property at 1533 Emily Street for $ 16,168. They paid for the property with a cashier's check from United Jersey Bank. Thereafter, petitioner apparently acquired sole ownership of this property and, circa 1990, she transferred the property to her brother, Mr. William Secatore, for $ 1. In May 1983, petitioner and Mr. DiMichele and Mr. and Mrs. Anthony DiMichele purchased property at 1433 W. Passyunk Avenue for $ 120,000. Part of the purchase price consisted of a cashier's check for $ 50,500 drawn from petitioners' United Jersey Bank account. Petitioners held their interest in the property as tenants by the entirety. In 1990, petitioner's interest in the property was forfeited to the U.S. Government in connection with Mr. DiMichele's conviction on drug charges, as discussed below. On October 19, 1984, Mr. DiMichele and Mr. Dennis G. Maryak purchased properties at 506, 508, and 510 Fitzwater Street for $ 30,000. They sold these properties at the end of 1986 for $ 200,000. On May 10, 1985, petitioner and Mr. DiMichele purchased property at 1916-18 N. 5th Street for $ 32,000. They paid for the property by check and did not finance any portion of the purchase. At some time after they*503  purchased the property, petitioner obtained sole ownership of it. Petitioner remained the owner of the property at the time of trial. On December 11, 1985, petitioner and Mr. DiMichele purchased property located at Trina Drive for $ 8,500. They paid for the property with a check in the amount of $ 10,000 that petitioner drew from her account at Home Unity Savings & Loan on December 4, 1985. Petitioner and Mr. DiMichele sold the property in 1994 for $ 65,000. In March 1986, petitioner and Mr. DiMichele purchased a one-third interest in property at 1441 Shunk Street for $ 8,500. The other owners of the property were Tito Vespasiano and Angel Giancoma, petitioner's cousin. Petitioners' interest in the property was forfeited to the U.S. Government in 1990 in connection with Mr. DiMichele's conviction on drug charges, as discussed below. At the time of the Government's investigation into Mr. DiMichele's affairs, petitioner and her husband owned two cars. Petitioner owned a 1981 Lincoln Continental that she and her husband had purchased in March of 1981 for $ 16,200. In purchasing this car, they had made a downpayment of $ 6,200 and had financed the balance of $ 10,000 through the Fidelity*504  Bank & Trust Co. of New Jersey over 4 years with monthly installments of $ 280.84. The Credit Application and the Purchase Money Motor Vehicle Security Agreement that were signed by petitioner and her husband and submitted to Fidelity Bank & Trust Co. of New Jersey list petitioner's address as "406 Orchard Ave Somerdale, NJ 08083." Similarly, the Certificate of Ownership of a Motor Vehicle issued in petitioner's name by the New Jersey Division of Motor Vehicles lists the same address. The second car was a 1984 Cadillac Eldorado that Mr. DiMichele had purchased in December 1983 for $ 25,678.57. In purchasing that car, Mr. DiMichele had made a $ 7,000 downpayment, and he had received an allowance of $ 5,000 for trading in a 1979 Dodge Regis. He financed the balance, $ 13,678.57, through a loan with Fidelity Bank & Trust Co. payable over 4 years with monthly installments of $ 367.31. Mr. DiMichele was indicted by a Federal grand jury on February 17, 1988, for conspiring to distribute methamphetamine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. sections 841 and 846, (count 1), for distribution of methamphetamine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. section 841*505 (a)(1) (counts 2 and 3), and for possession of an unregistered firearm in violation of section 5861(d) (count 4). Count 5 of the indictment alleges that the currency, jewelry, bank accounts, and real property owned by petitioners had been used to facilitate the commission of the crimes charged in the indictment and were subject to forfeiture under 21 U.S.C. section 853. On March 16, 1988, the grand jury approved a superseding indictment that added three criminal tax violations to the other criminal violations charged in the original indictment. The new counts charged Mr. DiMichele with willfully making and subscribing false income tax returns for 1983 (count 6), 1984 (count 7), and 1985 (count 8), in violation of section 7206(1). Mr. DiMichele pled guilty to counts 1 and 8 of the superseding indictment. As to count 1, Mr. DiMichele was sentenced to serve 10 years in jail and to pay a fine in the amount of $ 25,000. As to count 8, he was sentenced to serve 2 years in jail, to run concurrently with the sentence imposed on count 1. At approximately the same time that Mr. DiMichele was sentenced, December 22, 1988, the District Court entered an Order*506  of Forfeiture under which it ordered Mr. DiMichele to forfeit all of the property listed in the indictment. Thereafter, on February 17, 1989, petitioner filed Forfeiture Claim Of Eileen DiMichele in which she claimed ownership of the Lincoln Continental automobile, bank accounts, real estate, and jewelry. The court entered its Final Order of Forfeiture on January 24, 1990. Set out below is a summary of the assets listed by the District Court in its original order of forfeiture dated December 19, 1988, the assets claimed by petitioner in her Forfeiture Claim of Eileen DiMichele filed February 17, 1989, the assets listed in the Final Order Of Forfeiture filed on January 24, 1990, and the assets that were not forfeited: Claimed byNotCash and JewelryDateAssetsPetitionerForfeitedForfeitedCash found at 201005/07/87$ 194,972.00$ 194,972.00South 15th St.Casino chips found05/07/878,277.508,277.50at 2010 South15th St.Cash found in safe05/08/87225,000.00225,000.00deposit box 402901Ten gold Canadian05/08/87coins in box402901Jewelry found in05/08/87111,167.50$ 92,237.3071,046.80$ 40,120.70home and safedeposit boxBank Accountsand CD'sDelaware Cash06/25/872,181.132,181.132,181.13Reserve 8-943701-2Delaware Cash06/25/873,882.993,882.99Reserve 8-943617-2Home Unity S & L06/30/874,546.124,546.124,546.12217000884-8Home Unity S & L08/31/871,760.491,760.491,760.49199015785Home Unity S & L09/17/8711,669.0511,669.0511,669.051545-0112United Jersey Bank01/16/8732,132.6732,132.6732,132.67007006810United Jersey Bank02/882,261.582,261.5803483922United Jersey Bank03/8814,038.0814,038.08000-0028772United Jersey Bank05/868,668.198,668.199039271PSFS 5-053188606/30/8711,000.0011,000.00Prudential S & L08/31/879,926.489,926.489,926.4801-25000000916Beneficial S & L06/30/872,729.582,729.582,729.5803-0188210Beneficial S & L06/30/872,919.632,919.632,919.6303-54-49227Real Estate 2010 South 15th10/22/6912,000.0012,000.0012,000.00Street1533 Emily Street198116,168.0016,168.0016,168.001433 West05/8360,000.0060,000.0060,000.00Passyunk Ave.Trina Drive12/11/858,500.008,500.008,500.001916-18 North05/10/8532,000.0032,000.0032,000.005th Street1441 Shunk Street03/868,500.008,500.008,500.00506, 508, 51010/19/8430,000.0030,000.00Fitzwater StreetAutomobiles1981 Lincoln03/8116,200.0016,200.0016,200.00Continental1984 Cadillac12/8325,678.5725,678.57Eldorado856,179.56313,470.45603,322.00252,857.56*507  Before Mr. DiMichele began serving his prison term, he gave approximately $ 40,000 to petitioner. Since Mr. DiMichele's release from prison, he has lived with petitioner. Petitioner filed a Complaint in Divorce on April 29, 1994, but no further action has been taken, and petitioner and Mr. DiMichele continue to live together in the house located at 2010 South 15th Street. Respondent issued two notices of deficiency to petitioners, one for 1985 and one for 1986. The principal adjustment made by respondent to the DiMicheles' 1985 income tax return was to increase the gross income reported on the return by $ 720,000, the amount respondent determined that Mr. DiMichele had received from the sale of drugs during 1985, and to allow a deduction of $ 180,000 for the cost of drugs sold during the year. For the year 1986, respondent made two adjustments. Respondent increased the DiMicheles' gross income by $ 34,000, the amount of the long-term capital gain realized from the sale of the properties located at 506, 508, and 510 Fitzwater Street, and increased petitioners' gross income by $ 31,748, the amount of unreported bank deposits during the year. OPINION The sole issue for decision is*508  whether petitioner qualifies as an "innocent spouse" under section 6013(e), and is thereby relieved of joint and several liability for the tax and additions to tax determined by respondent with respect to joint tax returns that petitioner filed with Mr. DiMichele for 1985 and 1986. Section 6013(e)(1) relieves a spouse of liability with respect to a joint Federal income tax return if each of the following four requirements is met: (A) a joint return has been made under this section for a taxable year, (B) on such return there is a substantial understatement of tax attributable to grossly erroneous items of one spouse, (C) the other spouse establishes that in signing the return he or she did not know, and had no reason to know, that there was such substantial understatement, and (D) taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the other spouse liable for the deficiency in tax for such taxable year attributable to such substantial understatement.Petitioner bears the burden of proving that each of the above requirements is satisfied. Rule 142(a). All Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure. Failure to prove any *509  one of the above requirements precludes the taxpayer from qualifying as an "innocent spouse".  Bokum v. Commissioner, 94 T.C. 126">94 T.C. 126, 138 (1990), affd.  992 F.2d 1132">992 F.2d 1132 (11th Cir. 1993). Respondent concedes that petitioner meets the first two requirements of the test with respect to both of the tax returns in issue. Therefore, petitioner must prove that she meets the remaining two requirements; i.e., that she had no knowledge nor reason to know about the substantial understatements, sec. 6013(e)(1)(C), and, taking into account all facts and circumstances, that it would be inequitable to hold her liable for the deficiency in tax attributable to the substantial understatement for the year, sec. 6013(e)(1)(D). For the year 1985, the substantial understatement of tax is attributable entirely to respondent's determination that petitioners failed to report the income and expenses from Mr. DiMichele's activity as a drug dealer. For the year 1986, the understatement of tax is attributable to two items, each of which is "substantial". See sec. 6013(e)(3). The first item is respondent's determination that petitioners failed to report gross*510  income of $ 31,748, computed using the bank deposits method of computing income. The second item is respondent's determination that Mr. DiMichele "realized a long-term capital gain of $ 34,000.00 from the sale of 506 and 510 Fitzwater." To satisfy section 6013(e)(1)(C), petitioner must prove that in signing each of the returns in issue she did not know, and had no reason to know, that there was a substantial understatement of tax attributable to the grossly erroneous items of her husband. See Purcell v. Commissioner, 86 T.C. 228">86 T.C. 228, 236 (1986), affd.  826 F.2d 470">826 F.2d 470 (6th Cir. 1987). This is a question of fact to be determined after considering all available facts and circumstances. E.g., Flynn v. Commissioner, 93 T.C. 355">93 T.C. 355, 365 (1989). Petitioner argues that in signing her joint returns for 1985 and 1986 she did not know, and had no reason to know, that there was a substantial understatement of tax on either of the returns. She argues that she has limited education and no formal training in finance or accounting. She also argues that, during the years in issue, she had limited involvement in the financial*511  affairs of the family and that she and her husband made "no unusually lavish expenditures * * * when compared to their past levels of income, standard of living and spending pattern." Petitioner emphasizes that she was not involved in any way in her husband's illegal activities, and she notes that the Government's investigation of her husband did not implicate her in any illegal activity. Finally, she argues that the testimony of Mr. Michael Madgin, a Government informant, is incredible and should be disregarded. We find that petitioner did not meet her burden of proving that she did not know, and had no reason to know, that there was a substantial understatement of tax on her joint returns for 1985 and 1986. There is ample evidence from which we infer that petitioner knew of Mr. DiMichele's illegal drug business and, hence, knew or should have known of the substantial understatements of tax in 1985 and 1986, which were attributable to the unreported income from that business. The record shows that Mr. DiMichele conducted his criminal activities in his home. He held business meetings there, he collected and stored hundreds of thousands of dollars there, and he maintained his business*512  records there. It is undisputed that petitioner greeted Mr. DiMichele's business associates when they came to the home for meetings with Mr. DiMichele. There is also persuasive evidence in the form of testimony by one of Mr. DiMichele's business associates, Mr. Michael Madgin, that at least one meeting took place in petitioner's presence during which Mr. DiMichele, Mr. Madgin, and another person counted money and discussed illegal drug activities. We also credit Mr. Madgin's testimony that he delivered to petitioner a payment of cash in the amount of $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 for Mr. DiMichele. Furthermore, there is ample evidence that petitioner was aware of the fruits of her husband's illegal drug activities and, hence, knew or should have known of the substantial understatements of tax attributable to unreported income in both 1985 and 1986. The investigation conducted by the DEA agents in 1987 and their searches of petitioners' home and safe deposit boxes revealed that the couple owned two cars, furs, $ 419,972 in cash, jewelry, valued by petitioners at $ 111,167.50, and various parcels of real estate. During each of the years in issue, petitioner knew that she and her husband had*513  purchased the 1981 Lincoln Continental for $ 16,200, that they had made a cash downpayment of $ 6,200, and that they had borrowed the balance of $ 10,000 from Fidelity Bank & Trust Co. of New Jersey. She knew that the car was titled in her name and she had executed the Credit Application and the Purchased Money Motor Vehicle Security Agreement submitted to the lender, Fidelity Bank & Trust Co. of New Jersey. She also knew or should have known that the cost of the 1981 Lincoln was more than 58 percent of the total income reported on petitioners' 1981 return. Similarly, petitioner knew that her husband had purchased a new Cadillac Eldorado in December 1983. The record of this case does not include the purchase documents for the Cadillac which cost $ 25,400. Nevertheless, petitioner knew or should have known that the Cadillac Eldorado was a relatively expensive car to purchase for a couple whose total wages for the year were $ 26,000. Petitioner knew of the fur coats that were photographed but not confiscated by the DEA agents who conducted the search of the DiMicheles' home. Petitioner testified that the fur coats "were really old * * * antiques, really." However, she provided nothing*514  to substantiate that testimony. Petitioner knew of the jewelry found in her home by the DEA agents, and she knew of the jewelry found by the agents in safe deposit box No. 301640. According to petitioners' valuation, all of the jewelry was worth $ 111,167.50. On the other hand, the Government's appraiser valued the jewelry at $ 192,104. Even if we accept petitioners' valuation, it is difficult to reconcile a jewelry collection valued at more than $ 110,000 with the total income reported on the joint returns filed by petitioner and her husband. Petitioner's brief claims: "Any jewelry that she possessed was either purchased during the earlier stages of the marriage, received as gifts or inherited as heirlooms." At trial, petitioner testified about the jewelry contained in safe deposit box No. 301640 as follows: Q Now, let's talk for a minute about the jewelry. The jewelry that was in the safety deposit box were pieces of jewelry that you did not wear on a regular basis?A That's correct. Q Okay. Describe for His Honor how you came into possession of those pieces of jewelry. Were they gifts? A Yes, a lot of these things were sentimental things; they were heirlooms*515  that were passed down from my grandmother, who I had taken care of over the years. She had heart pins and her necklace and her jewelry that I was given to -- given to me. And my mother had passed away. I had my mother's jewelry also in there.Based upon that testimony, petitioner asks the Court to find the following as facts: 38. Petitioner did use the safe deposit box which contained her jewelry. 39. Petitioner came into these pieces of jewelry through gifts and inherited as family heirlooms from her mother and grandmother.We have several difficulties with petitioner's testimony. First, on two occasions, respondent propounded the following interrogatory to petitioner and her husband: 78. Indicate all inheritances that the petitioners or their children received in their lifetime. Also if applicable, indicate the following: (a) Who the inheritance was left to; (b) Who the inheritance was left from; (c) Indicate the approximate value of the inheritance and the date that it was received; (d) Indicate if an inheritance tax return was ever filed. If applicable, indicate the date and location of where it was filed; (e) If an inheritance tax return *516  was not filed explain why; (f) Indicate the exact asset that was gifted. i.e. cash, property, jewelry etc.In response to both interrogatories, petitioner and her husband responded, "No". Second, petitioner's testimony about the jewelry is contradicted by her husband's testimony during which he never mentioned any jewelry that was inherited from petitioner's mother or grandmother. Rather, in reviewing petitioner's appraisal of the jewelry, he testified that he had acquired the jewelry over a period of many years. He testified as follows: Q Again, describing the jewelry that is contained in this appraisal, these were various items that you acquired over the years? A That's correct.Petitioner knew that her husband had collected and stored large amounts of cash in their home. One of Mr. DiMichele's criminal conspirators, Mr. Madgin, testified that from time to time he delivered large amounts of cash, anywhere from $ 25,000 to $ 100,000, to Mr. DiMichele at petitioners' home. Mr. Madgin also testified that in 1985, he delivered a brown bag containing approximately $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 in cash to petitioner in her husband's absence. Mr. Madgin also testified credibly*517  that on one occasion, he discussed drug transactions with Mr. DiMichele and another person and they counted money at the kitchen table of petitioners' home while petitioner was present in the kitchen. Furthermore, the DEA agents who searched petitioners' home found cash throughout the house. They found $ 136,000 in the rear basement closet, an area of the house that petitioner claimed she could not enter. However, they also found $ 2,681 in the basement closet where the fur coats were found, $ 2,652 in a dining room closet, along with financial records, $ 23,850 in a playroom closet, and $ 26,917 in the master bedroom. The agents also found $ 3,015 in safe deposit box No. 301640, the box where petitioner stored her jewelry. Based upon the above, we find that petitioner has failed to prove that she did not know, and had no reason to know, of the substantial understatement of tax in 1985, which was attributable to Mr. DiMichele's illegal drug business. Concomitantly, we find that petitioner has also failed to prove that she did not know, and had no reason to know, of the substantial understatement of tax in 1986 computed by respondent using the bank deposits method. The only other*518  issue we must decide is whether petitioner knew or had reason to know of the substantial understatement of tax in 1986 attributable to the unreported gain from the sale of the 506, 508, and 510 Fitzwater Street properties. During petitioner's testimony at trial, she made no specific reference to the 506, 508, and 510 Fitzwater Street properties. Rather, she testified that she had no involvement in the purchase of any of the properties acquired by the couple. Her testimony is as follows: Q All right, You heard Carl describe the various properties that were purchased beginning in 1981, going forward. Tell His Honor your involvement in purchasing or any aspect of those properties. What was your involvement in those? THE WITNESS: Well, I really had no involvement, Your Honor. As far as things went, as purchasing of all the property, I left that all up to my husband because he was the one that had the talent to do all those things and I just didn't understand if he bought something or maybe he was selling something or he fixed a building or he would resell it, and I just never knew what was going on at that time.Similarly, in her post-trial brief, petitioner does not specifically*519  deny that she knew of the Fitzwater Street properties or of the sale of those properties on December 30, 1986. The only reference to the properties in petitioner's post-trial briefs is the following objection to one of respondent's proposed findings of fact: [The] Notice of deficiency issued to Petitioners on March 19, 1990 does not take into consideration that Petitioner-Wife had no ownership interest in the Fitzwater Street property and that petitioner-Husband did not receive any actual cash on December 30, 1986 and after deducting the cost for the property, husband only received $ 11,700 which was his half of the profit with his partner.We cannot accept petitioner's denial of "involvement in purchasing or any aspect of" the Fitzwater Street properties to mean that she did not know or have reason to know of the gain from the sale of those properties on December 30, 1986. On that basis alone, we find that petitioner failed to meet her burden of proof under section 6013(e)(1)(C). Furthermore, petitioner's testimony that she relied on her husband concerning the purchase and sale of real property is not sufficient to satisfy the lack of knowledge requirement of section 6013(e)(1)(C). *520  The innocent spouse exemption was not intended to protect a spouse who turns a blind eye to whether there is a substantial understatement of tax on a joint return. Bokum v. Commissioner, 94 T.C. at 148. For the reasons discussed above, we find that petitioner does not meet the requirements of section 6013(e)(1)(C). Accordingly, petitioner is not entitled to the relief provided by section 6013. It is unnecessary for us to consider petitioner's arguments under section 6013(e)(1)(D). Additions to Tax for FraudRespondent determined that Mr. DiMichele is liable for the additions to tax for fraud pursuant to section 6653(b)(1) and (2) with respect to the underpayment of tax for 1985. However, as mentioned above, respondent does not allege fraud by petitioner. Accordingly, petitioner is not liable for the additions to tax for fraud determined by respondent with respect to petitioner's joint return for 1985. For the foregoing reasons, Decisions will be entered for respondent, except as to petitioner's liability for the addition to tax for fraud.  Footnotes1. Fifty percent of interest due on the deficiency.↩1. Titled in petitioner's name as custodian for Mark Laudadio petitioner's son).↩2. Titled in petitioner's name as custodian for Christina DiMichele (petitioner's daughter).↩