Court Opinion

ID: 9963130
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-24 17:01:43.882473+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:24:41.352967
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 24 2024
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No.    22-10212

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                4:19-cr-01094-JGZ-JR-1
 v.

ISAIAS DELGADO,                                 MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant-Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Arizona
                   Jennifer G. Zipps, District Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted April 8, 2024
                               Phoenix, Arizona

Before:      HAWKINS, BADE, and DESAI, Circuit Judges.

      Isaias Delgado challenges his jury trial conviction and sentence on one count

of dealing firearms without a license, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(1)(A). We

have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      1.     On de novo review, we conclude Delgado has not demonstrated that the

government withheld evidence in violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
(1963). See United States v. Wilkes, 662 F.3d 524, 534 (9th Cir. 2011). Delgado

has not shown that either Exhibit 97 or the border crossing chart was “favorable to

the defense and material to [his] guilt or punishment.” See Smith v. Cain, 565 U.S.

73, 75 (2012). It is undisputed that Delgado already possessed the audio recording

of the conversation transcribed as Exhibit 97.       See Wilkes, 662 F.3d at 535

(“[E]vidence is material if it is of a different character than evidence already known

to the defense.” (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)). Further, the record

demonstrates that the border crossing summary was not relevant to any issues at trial

and was disclosed during the presentence investigation phase at a time when it could

still be used during the sentencing hearing. See United States v. Gordon, 844 F.2d

1397, 1403 (9th Cir. 1988) (disclosure “must be made at a time when disclosure

would be of value to the accused” (quoting United States v. Davenport, 753 F.2d

1460, 1462 (9th Cir. 1985))).

      2.     Delgado also has failed to show any evidentiary error. If a defendant

has preserved an evidentiary objection, we review the decision to admit or exclude

evidence for abuse of discretion. See United States v. Wells, 879 F.3d 900, 914 (9th

Cir. 2018). If the defendant failed to raise the objection below, we review for plain

error. See id. at 925.

             a.     The district court did not plainly err by admitting into evidence

several firearms seized by agents of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and

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Explosives (“ATF”). See id. The record does not support Delgado’s contention that

the government tampered with the evidence. Rather, Agent Cunningham testified

that three of the firearms may have been assembled after ATF agents seized the

component parts and all firearms were rendered safe for storage; the firearms

otherwise remained in the condition in which ATF agents found them at the time of

seizure.

            b.     The district court did not abuse its discretion by overruling

Delgado’s hearsay objection to certain portions of Agent Bort’s testimony regarding

his conversation with Delgado. Nor has Delgado established, for purposes of de

novo review, that admission of those statements violated his rights under the

Confrontation Clause. See United States v. Brooks, 772 F.3d 1161, 1167 (9th Cir.

2014). Delgado’s statements were admissible in the government’s case-in-chief as

non-hearsay under Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(2)(A). Delgado has not shown

that the statements of the GunBroker.com dealer were testimonial in nature or

offered for the truth of the matter asserted. See Lucero v. Holland, 902 F.3d 979,

989 (9th Cir. 2018); United States v. Arteaga, 117 F.3d 388, 396 (9th Cir. 1997).

Even assuming Delgado could establish that the statements of Roman Noble were

inadmissible hearsay, any error in allowing Agent Bort to testify about those

statements was clearly harmless, as Roman Noble also testified at trial about his

conversation with Delgado and was cross-examined by defense counsel.           See

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Brooks, 772 F.3d at 1171 (court may sua sponte consider issue of harmlessness

where, among other things, the harmlessness of an error is certain).

             c.     The district court similarly did not abuse its discretion by

sustaining the government’s hearsay objection when Delgado attempted to have

Agent Bort testify about Delgado’s own statements. See United States v. Liera-

Morales, 759 F.3d 1105, 1111 (9th Cir. 2014). Agent Bort’s direct testimony

regarding Delgado’s statements that a particular rifle had a jamming issue was not

misleading as to whether Delgado claimed to have fired the gun. Consequently, it

did not trigger the rule of completeness, see id., and Delgado identifies no other basis

on which the statements were admissible.

             d.     Finally, the district court did not abuse its discretion in

connection with certain portions of Agent Cunningham and Agent Bort’s testimony.

To the extent that Agent Cunningham’s statements at trial involved lay opinion

testimony about certain “red flags” in her investigation, income thresholds for

dealers, and her observations of Delgado’s shooting range video, those statements

were permissibly based on her involvement in the investigation. See United States

v. VonWillie, 59 F.3d 922, 929 (9th Cir. 1995). And although the district court

initially overruled Delgado’s objection to Agent Bort’s testimony regarding

Delgado’s familiarity with certain laws, the district court ultimately struck the entire

line of questioning and instructed the jury not to consider the testimony.

                                           4                                    22-10212
      3.     Reviewing de novo Delgado’s claim that the government engaged in

improper burden shifting, we conclude that the government’s single question about

whether Delgado had produced certain records of sale was not so prejudicial as to

render his trial fundamentally unfair. Hein v. Sullivan, 601 F.3d 897, 912–13 (9th

Cir. 2010). The district court immediately reminded the jury of the government’s

burden of proof, sustained defense counsel’s objection, and issued a curative

instruction. See id.

      4.     Nor did the district court abuse its discretion in applying a firearms

trafficking sentencing enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(5). See United

States v. Parlor, 2 F.4th 807, 811 (9th Cir. 2021). The government presented

additional evidence regarding firearms trafficking during the sentencing hearings,

and the district court permissibly made additional factual findings when applying

the enhancement. See id. at 814–15. We decline to consider Delgado’s remaining

arguments, which he raised for the first time in his reply brief. See United States v.

Romm, 455 F.3d 990, 997 (9th Cir. 2006).

      5.     Finally, we decline to consider on direct review Delgado’s claim that

his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance. See United States v. Velte, 331 F.3d

673, 681 (9th Cir. 2003).

      AFFIRMED.

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