Court Opinion

ID: 9958742
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-09 20:10:34.215789+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:17:36.171183
License: Public Domain

HSBC Bank USA, N.A. v Nicholas
               2024 NY Slip Op 31093(U)
                      April 1, 2024
           Supreme Court, New York County
        Docket Number: Index No. 850043/2018
               Judge: Francis A. Kahn III
Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip
 Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York
 State and local government sources, including the New
  York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.
 This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official
                       publication.
                                                                                                        INDEX NO. 850043/2018
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1.a_~.                                                                      RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024
                         :suPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
                                    NEW YORK COUNTY
        PRESENT:        HON. FRANCIS A. KAHN, Ill                           PART                            32
                                                                  Justice
             - - - - - - - - ---------------------------------X             INDEX NO.         850043/2018
         HSBC BANK USA, N.A. AS INDENTURE TRUSTEE FOR
                                                                            MOTION DATE
         THE REGISTERED NOTEHOLDERS OF RENAISSANCE
         HOME EQUITY LOAN TRUST 2006-2,
                                                                            MOTION SEQ. NO.       004
                                            Plaintiff,

                                    - V -

         NICOLA NICHOLAS AS ADMINISTRATOR OF THE
         ESTATE OF CECILIA V. MCDOWELL A/KIA CECILIA
                                                                              DECISION + ORDER ON
         MCDOWELL, NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF
         TAXATION AND FINANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL                                 MOTION
         BOARD, PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU, JOHN DOE #1
         THROUGH JOHN DOE #12

                                            Defendant.
              ------------------ - - - - - - - - - X

        The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 004) 118, 119, 120, 121,
        122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,
        143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,
        164,165,166,167,168,169,170, 171, 172,173,174, 175,176,177, 178
        were read on this motion to/for                                 JUDGMENT-SUMMARY
               The court sua sponte vacates its judgment of foreclosure and sale and decision and order on motion
        dated January 2, 2024, and substitutes the following in its place and stead:

               Upon the foregoing documents, the motion and cross-motions are determined as follows:

               In this action, Plaintiff seeks to foreclose on a consolidated, extended and modified mortgage
        encumbering real property identified as 530 West 142 nd Street, New York, New York. The mortgage, dated
        April 28, 2006, was given by Defendant Cecilia V. McDowell a/k/a Cecilia McDowell ("McDowell"), now
        deceased, to non-party Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems ("MERS") as nominee for Delta Funding
        Corporation ("Delta"). The mortgage secures a loan with an original principal amount of $650,000.00 which is
        evidenced by two prior notes.

                Plaintiff alleges Mortgagor initially defaulted in repayment of the loan on or about December 1, 2007.
        Non-party HSBC Bank USA, N.A., as Indenture Trustee for the registered Noteholders of Renaissance Home
        Equity Loan Trust 2006-2, the alleged noteholder at the time, commenced an action to foreclose the mortgage
        on July 25, 2008 (see HSBC v E/O McDowell, et al., NY Cty Index No 110214/2008). In that complaint, that
        Plaintiff pied it elected to declare the entire principal balance due and owing. By stipulation dated order dated
        May 4, 2011, the parties agreed to discontinue the action pursuant to CPLR §3217. The stipulation contained,
        among other things, the following language: "IT IS FURTHER AGREED that the statute of limitations for any
        claims of plaintiff or defendant against the other is hereby tolled from July 22, 2008, the date of the summons
        herein, until June 1, 2013, whether or not they have been previously pied."

         850043/2018 HSBC BANK USA, N.A. AS vs. NICOLA NICHOLAS                               Page 1 of 6
         Motion No. 004

                                                                   1 of 6
[* 1]
                                                                                                         INDEX NO. 850043/2018
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 183                                                                           RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

                                                                                                                           II
                 Plaintiff commenced this action on February 16, 2018, again seeking foreclosure of the mortgage based
        on the 2008 default. The fiduciary of the estate of the deceased Mortgagor initially answered pro se and pled no
        cognizable affirmative defenses. By order dated April 8, 2019, Justice Arlene Bluth granted Plaintiffs motion
        to, inter alia, file an amended complaint. The present fiduciary of Mortgagor's estate, Nicola Nicholas        ll
        ("Nicholas") answered via counsel and pled twenty-nine affirmative defenses, including expiration of the statute
        of limitations.

                  Now, Plaintiff moves for summary judgment against Defendant Nicholas, to the answer and                  i
        affirmative defenses, for a default judgment against the non-appearing parties, for an order of reference and to
        amend the caption. Defendant Nicholas opposes the motion and cross-moves pursuant to CPLR §3212 for
        summary judgment dismissing Plaintiffs complaint as time barred, relying on the amendments made to the             lJ
        applicable statutes under the Foreclosure Abuse Prevention Act ("FAPA")(L 2022, ch 821 [effDec. 30, 2022]).
        Plaintiff opposes the cross-motion positing, inter alia, that FAP A has neither retroactive effect nor application
        as well as that retroactive application of FAP A would violate the Due Process clauses of the Fifth and
        Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and the Takings Clause thereof.                             I~
                Addressing the cross-motion, F AP A is comprised of multiple amendments to existing statutes and the
        enactment of new edicts. The express purpose of FAP A, according to the Senate Sponsor Memo, was to
        "overrule the Court of Appeals' recent decision in Freedom Mtge. Corp. v Engel" as well as certain other
        judicial decisions perceived to be "inconsistent with the intent of the Legislature" (NY State Senate Bill
        S5473D at Sponsor Memo, Justification). Similarly, the Assembly Memorandum in Support of Legislation
        states enactment of F AP A was necessary "to clarify the existing law and overturn certain court decisions to
        ensure the laws of this state apply equally to all litigants, including those currently involved in mortgage
        foreclosure actions" (NY State Assembly Bill A 773 7B at Sponsor Memo, Purpose and Intent of Bill). The
        decision in Freedom Mtge. Corp. v Engel, 3 7 NY3d 1 (2021) is specifically targeted by FAP A's legislative
        "response" which "restore[s] longstanding law that made it clear that a lenders' discontinuance of a foreclosure
        action that accelerated a mortgage loan does not serve to reset the statute of limitations" (id.). As to its
        applicability, Section 10 of FAP A provides that it "shall take effect immediately and shall apply to all actions .
        commenced on an instrument described under subdivision four of section two hundred thirteen of the civil            ll
        practice law and rules in which a final judgment of foreclosure and sale has not been enforced" (see L 2022, ch
        821 [eff Dec. 30, 2022]).                                                                                         jj
                                                                                                                                !1

                 FAPA's enactments relevant here include, CPLR §213[4], the applicable statute oflimitations, which
        was amended to provide that "[i]n any action on an instrument described under this subdivision, if the statute of
        limitations is raised as a defense, and if that defense is based on a claim that the instrument at issue was
        accelerated prior to, or by way of commencement of a prior action, a plaintiff shall be estopped from asserting
        that the instrument was not validly accelerated, unless the prior action was dismissed based on an expressed
        judicial determination, made upon a timely interposed defense, that the instrument was not validly accelerated.''

        (CPLR §214[4][a]).                                                                                                      ,·i··.

                CPLR §3217 was also amended to add a new subdivision [e] which states that "[i]n any action on an
        instrument described under subdivision four of section two hundred thirteen of this chapter, the voluntary
        discontinuance of such action, whether on motion, order, stipulation or by notice, shall not, in form or effect, ,        ~

        waive, postpone, cancel, toll, extend, revive or reset the limitations period to commence an action and to        ·      1

        interpose a claim, unless expressly prescribed by statute" (CPLR §3217[e]). Relatedly, section 17-105 of the
        General Obligations Law was amended "to clarify that the statute represents the exclusive means for parties to
        effectuate a waiver, postponement, cancellation, resetting, tolling, revival or extension of the time limited by
                                                                                                                                '
         850043/2018 HSBC BANK USA, N.A. AS vs. NICOLA NICHOLAS                                Page 2 of 6
         Motion No. 004

[* 2]                                                             2 of 6
                                                                                                         INDEX NO. 850043/2018
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 183                                                                            RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

                                                                                                                                 I.I
        statute for commencement of an action or proceeding based on a cause of action to foreclose a mortgage, in part
        or whole." (NY State Senate Bill S5473D at Sponsor Memo, Summary of Specific Provisions).
                                                                                                                                 ij
               With respect to the applicability of FAPA to previously commenced and pending actions, the Appellate
        Division, First Department recently held that the statutory amendments therein are to be retroactively applied
        (Genovese v Nationstar Mtge. LLC, _AD3d_, 2023 NY Slip Op 06477 [1 st Dept. 12/19/2023]). That Court
        reasoned that application ofFAPA's amendments to pending litigation furthers the "the Legislature's goal,
        expressed in the language of FAP A and its legislative history" (id.).

                Plaintiff also posits that retroactive application of FAP A is violative of its due process rights under the     ii_

        US Constitution as well as the Takings Clause thereunder. As a rule, "[l]egislative enactments enjoy a strong ,
        presumption of constitutionality ... [and] parties challenging a duly enacted statute face the initial burden of
        demonstrating the statute's invalidity 'beyond a reasonable doubt'. Moreover, courts must avoid, if possible,
        interpreting a presumptively valid statute in a way that will needlessly render it unconstitutional" (La Valle v
        Hayden, 98 NY2d 155, 161 [2002] [citations omitted]).
        The United States Supreme Court recognized almost 30 years ago that the constitutional impediments to
        retroactive application of civil legislation are "modest" and that without a violation of an explicit constitutional
        proclamation "the potential unfairness of retroactive civil legislation is not [in and of itselfJ a sufficient reason
        for a court to fail to give a statute its intended scope" (Landgraf, supra at 267 and 272; see also Regina, supra at
        365 [Noting the Court of Appeals adoption of the Landgraf analytical framework in American Economy Ins.               ·
        Co. v State of New York, 30 NY3d 136 [2017]]).

                 While entitled to the presumption of constitutionality, retroactive legislation must meet a burden not
        faced by entirely prospective legislation, specifically that the questioned statute is supported by "'a legitimate
        legislative purpose furthered by rational means"' (American Economy Ins. Co. v State of New York, 30 NY3d
        136, 157-158 [2017], citing General Motors Corp. v Rome in, 503 US 181, 191 [1992]). Explained differently,
        constitutional muster is passed when "the retroactive application of the legislation is itself justified by a rational
        legislative purpose" (Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation v R. A. Gray & Co., 467 US 717, 730 [1984 ]).
        When applying this standard, the Court of Appeals has "suggested that, in order to comport with due process,             II
        there must be a 'persuasive reason' for the 'potentially harsh' impacts ofretroactivity" (Regina, supra at 375).
        The question presented is one of degree requiring consideration of: [ 1] the length of the retroactivity period as
        affecting a party's repose, [2] the forewarning oflegislative change relevant to reliance on existing law and [3]
        the public purpose for the statute (see Rep/an Dev., Inc. v Department of Housing Preservation & Dev., 70
        NY2d 451, 456 [1987]; see also Regina, supra at 376).                                                                    II
                In this case, by making FAP A applicable to all unenforced foreclosure actions -ie. those where are sale
        has not occurred-the period of retroactivity could, in many cases, be lengthy. Nevertheless, any claim of         II
        reliance on the pronouncements by the Court of Appeals in Engel is unavailing. Prior to that decision, the Court
        of Appeals "never addressed what constitute[d] a revocation in [the present] context" (Engel, supra at 28).       It
        Moreover, the Engel court observed that "no clear rule has emerged with respect to the issue raised here-
        whether a noteholder's voluntary motion or stipulation to discontinue a mortgage foreclosure action, which does
        not expressly mention de-acceleration or a willingness to accept installment payments, constitutes a sufficiently
        'affirmative act."' (id. at 29). In this case, the voluntary discontinuance occurred some ten years before Engel
        was decided and the written de-acceleration attempted.                                                              ,
                Plaintiffs claimed reliance on Engel and other existing law dovetails into the issue of whether            '
        forewarning of a change in the law had any impact under the circumstances. The twenty-two-month period
        between the ruling in Engel (issued February 18, 2021), and the enactment ofFAPA (effective December 30,
        2022), has been found sufficient in length to support a claim of reliance on Engel (see Matter of Handler, P. C v

         850043/2018 HSBC BANK USA, N.A. AS vs. NICOLA NICHOLAS                                 Page 3 of 6
         Motion No. 004

                                                                  3 of 6
[* 3]
                                                                                                                    INDEX NO. 850043/2018
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 183                                                                                      RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

        DiNapoli, 23 NY3d 239, 248-250 [2014]). But closer scrutiny reveals that the legislative reaction which
        resulted in FAP A was more than conceivable. The issuance of the Engel decision was decried by multiple state
        and local politicians 1• This included Senator James Sanders who sponsored the original version of FAP A which
        was introduced less than a month 2 after issuance of the Engel decision. Another bill, which would ultimately
        replace the far broader Senate version3 , was introduced in the Assembly not long thereafter 4 . Given this swift
        reaction by the legislature and considering that the applicable holdings in Engel were questions of first
        impression before the Court of Appeals which settled an area of the law without clarity, any expected repose by
        lenders in Engel subsisting indefinitely was not reasonable (see Tegreh Realty Corp. v Joyce, supra at 100). I

                The political resolve which gave rise to FAPA is far from new. The Legislature's statutory forays into
        the area of foreclosure law, particularly residential foreclosures, has been ubiquitous over the last fifteen years.
        In that period, and before, multiple perceived ills in the home lending and foreclosure arenas have been            II
        addressed with the institution of various procedural and substantive requirements that did not exist at common-
        law5 as well as the amendment of existing laws. Further, these novel statutes have been routinely amended
        when application of these edicts were found ineffective or insufficiently expansive. Legislative enactments
        have also been accompanied by the adoption of various codes, rules and regulations by both executive agencies
        and the judiciary. Ongoing uncertainty in foreclosure law has been injected by the judiciary as well. In             iii
        addition to the titanic shift Engel caused, the Appellate Division, Second Department's decision in Bank of
        America, NA. v Kessler, 202 AD3d 10 [2nd Dept. 2021 ], and its subsequent reversal by the Court of Appeals6,
        also generated a flurry of litigation machinations. The upshot of all this is that forewarning to the lending        I;
        industry of the likelihood of change in any portion of this area of law has not been just heralded these many         ·
        years, but virtually foregone.

                The public purpose off APA is well documented in the statute's history and the intention of the
        legislature that it be applied to all existing cases is express. FAP A's purpose is broadly stated as to protect
        homeowners from "abuses of the judicial foreclosure process" through "an onslaught of successive foreclosure
        actions that would otherwise be barred by the statute of limitations". To accomplish this aim, the legislature
        clearly stated its intention to undo judicial pronouncements which permitted lenders to "manipulate the statutes
        of limitation to their advantage through clarificati_on a~d restoration of "long standing law"_- The desire to   !1
        protect property owners from foreclosure abuses 1s rationally based on well documented wide-spread                                I
        misconduct by certain mortgage lenders (see eg Jackie Calmes and Sewell Chan, President Presses Bid To Rein·
        In Loan Abuse, NY Times, Jan. 20, 2010 §B at 1, col 0) as well as entities in the mortgage foreclosure business
        (see eg Barry Meier, A Foreclosure Mess Draws In the Filing Lawyers, Too, NY Times, Oct. 16, 2010 §Bat 1,
        col 1). The Legislature's repeated references to toppling judicial decisions which it views misinterpreted its
        intent and to codify opinions in accord therewith, evidence that retroactivity was central to the enactment of

        1
          see eg https ://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-re leases/2021 Ijames-sanders/senator-jam es-san ders-jr-pushes-bill-help-stop-
        unjust.
        2
          S54 73 was filed March 8, 2021.
        3
          For example, the Senate bill included an amendment to CPLR 206 to add a new subdivision [e] that would have set the accrual date
        of a foreclosure action of certain mortgage instruments "at the first moment in time where the right to demand immediate payment in
        full may be exercised-not when, if ever, the demand is actually made." Also contained in that version was a proposal to amend CPLR
        3212 to "clarify" that a successive motion for summary judgment is a motion affecting a prior order which must be made in
        accordance with the applicable subdivisions of CPLR 2221 and 5015.
        4
          A 7737 was filed May 20, 2021.
        5
          Since 2000, the following are some of the New York statutes that have been enacted in response to perceived ills, inequities and
        abuses in the mortgage and foreclosure businesses" CPLR §§3021-b and 3408; RPAPL §§1302, 1302-a, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306,
        1307, 1308, 1393; RPL §§265-a, 265-b, 280-b, 280-d; 22 NYCRR §202.12-a. The federal legislative and regulatory enactments are
        too legion to recount in this footnote.
        6
          Bank ofAmerica, NA v Kessler, 39 NY3d 317 [2023].
            850043/2018 HSBC BANK USA, N.A. AS vs. NICOLA NICHOLAS                                        Page 4 of 6
            Motion No. 004

[* 4]                                                                 4 of 6
                                                                                                        INDEX NO. 850043/2018
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 183                                                                           RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

                                                                                                                            11
        FAPA (see Regina at 366). Based on the foregoing analysis, the Court determines that, under the circumstances
        presented, retroactive application of FAP A does not violate Plaintiffs constitutional due process rights.

                 Plaintiff also asserts that retroactive enforcement of FAP A would violate the Takings Clause of the Fifth
        and Fourteenth Amendments to the US Constitution. This right proscribes "the Legislature (and other
        government actors) from depriving private persons of vested property rights except for a 'public use' and upon
        payment of 'just compensation"' (Landgraf, supra at 266). "The threshold step in any Takings Clause analysis
        is to determine whether a vested property interest has been identified" (American Economy Ins. Co. v State of U
        New York, supra at 155). No person has a vested interest or constitutional right in any rule of law entitling them'
        to have the precept remain unaltered (see I. L. F. Y. Co. v Temporary State Housing Comm., 10 NY2d 263, 270
        [1961]; J B. Preston Co. v Funkhouser, 261 NY 140, 144 [1933]). Similarly, "[p]arties obtain no vested rights
        in the orders or judgments of courts while they are subject to review" (Boardwalk & Seashore Corp. v Murdock,
        286 NY 494, 498 [1941 ]). Resultantly, Plaintiff in this case had no vested right in either the "savings statute" or
        any finding of this Court since no unappealable final judgment has been issued (see U.S. Bank Trust, NA. v.        1,
        Miele, _Misc3d_, 2023 NY Slip Op 23186 [Sup Ct West. Cty. 2023]).                                                  '

                 Plaintiff's reliance on the Contract Clause of the US Constitution is also unavailing. That part
        proscribes states from "pass[ing] any ... [l]aw impairing the [o ]bligation of [c]ontracts" (see US Const, art I, §
        10 [1]). "The absolute prohibition set forth in the Contract Clause is not to be read literally; instead, states
        retain a paramount interest in protecting public welfare through legislation" (Schantz v O'Sullivan, 11 AD3d 22,
        24 [3d Dept 2014]). As a result, "the State may impair such contracts by subsequent legislation or regulation so
        long as it is reasonably necessary to further an important public purpose and the measures taken that impair the
        contract are reasonable and appropriate to effectuate that purpose" (Crane Neck Ass'n v New York City/Long
        Island County Servs. Group, 61 NY2d 154, 167 [1984]). The United States Supreme Court has fashioned a               II
        three-part test to discern whether a piece of legislation violates the Contract Clause (see Energy Reserves Group
        v Kansas Power & Light Co., 459 U.S. 400, 411-412 [1983]). The initial inquiry is "whether the state law has,
        in fact, operated as a substantial impairment of a contractual relationship" (Allied Structural Steel Co. v         1
                                                                                                                                ,,

        Spannaus, 438 US 234,244 [1978]). The extent of the impairment is a factor, but eradication of contractual           '
        expectations is not required (id.). Also considered is "whether the industry the complaining party has entered
        has been regulated in the past" (id.).

                In this case, Plaintiff has cited no provision of the note, mortgage or other loan documents that have
        been impaired. All those documents are silent as to what act would constitute a de-acceleration of the
        indebtedness or any precatory requirements. Notably, no right to unilateral de-acceleration is afforded Plaintiff
        in the loan documents. Thus, no contract provision on this issue is substantially modified by retroactive
        application of FAPA to this action. Any claim that a common-law implied right to unilateral revocation existed
        before Engel was decided is unavailing. As noted above, prior to Engel, the Court of Appeals "never
        addressed" whether a voluntary discontinuance or stipulation which did not mention de-acceleration or              ij
        readiness to accept installment payments de-accelerated the indebtedness (Engel, supra at 28). Moreover, the
        Court in Engel observed that absent a precise provision on this issue in the operative documents, "no clear rule"
        appellate rule emerged as to whether this right existed (id. at 29). Lastly, as also recounted supra, the mortgage
        industry and foreclosure business, particularly in the preceding two decades, has been subject to regular and
        robust legislative regulation. Therefore, no substantial impairment of Plaintiff's right to contract is
        demonstrated by retroactive application of FAPA. As the existence of a substantial impairment is a "threshold
        inquiry", the absence of same obviates any need for an analysis of the remaining two factors (see 19th Street
        Assoc. v State, 79 NY2d 434, 442 [1992]).

         850043/2018 HSBC BANK USA, N.A. AS vs. NICOLA NICHOLAS                                Page 5 of 6
         Motion No. 004

                                                                  5 of 6
[* 5]
                                                                                                           INDEX NO. 850043/2018
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 183                                                                             RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/01/2024

                Based on the foregoing, the amendments instituted in FAP A will be applied in determining the cross-
        motion pursuant to CPLR §3211 [a] [5]. On a motion to dismiss a cause of action as barred by the statute of
        limitations, the movant bears the initial burden of showing prima facie that the time to sue has expired (see
        Wilmington Sav. Fund Socy., FSB v Alam, 186 AD3d 1464 [2d Dept 2020]; Benn v Benn, 82 AD3d 548 [l st
        Dept 2011 ]). To meet its burden, "the Defendant must establish, inter alia, when the Plaintiffs cause of action
        accrued" (Lebedev v Blavatnik, 144 AD3d 24, 28 [l st Dept 2016], quoting Cottone v Selective Surfaces, Inc., 68
        AD3d 103 8, 1041 [2d Dept 2009]). The commencement of the 2008 action was an unequivocal act of
        acceleration of the debt. Among other things, the complaint expressly stated that Plaintiff was elected to             !I
        declare the entire principal balance to be due and owing. Based upon the foregoing, Defendant established that ·
        the statute of limitations in this matter accrued in 2008 and that more than six-years transpired before this action
        was commenced. Plaintiff's claim of de-acceleration by voluntary discontinuance of the action in 2011 did not
        reset the statute oflimitations (CPLR §3217[e]; CIT Bank, NA v Byers, _AD3d_, 2023 NY Slip Op 04978
        [2d Dept 2023]).                                                                                                   ti

                 In opposition, Plaintiff's reliance on the provision in the stipulation of discontinuance which attempted
        to toll the statue oflimitations is unavailing. In pertinent part, GOL § 17-I05[4] provides that:                  ~

                An acknowledgment, waiver, promise or agreement, express or implied in fact or in law, shall
                not, in form or effect, postpone, cancel, reset, toll, revive or otherwise extend the time limited for
                commencement of an action to foreclose a mortgage for any greater time or in any other manner
                than that provided in this section, unless it is made as provided in this section.                             ~

               Where, as here, the writing at issue is made after the statute of limitations accrues, for the agreement to
        conform with this section it must be signed by the party to be charged and contain an express "promise to
        promise to pay the mortgage debt" (GOL §15-105[1]; see 14 Film Corp. v Mid-Island Mtge. Corp., 218 AD3d
        525 [2d Dept 2023]). In this case, the stipulation dated May 4, 2011, is not signed by Nicolas and, more
        importantly, does not contain a promise to pay the outstanding debt. Thus, this stipulation is not compliant with
        GOL § 17-105 and fails to toll the statute of limitations (see Petito v Piffath, 85 NY2d 1, 8-9 [ 1994]).

                Accordingly, it is

              ORDERED that Defendant Nicholas' cross-motion to dismiss the Plaintiff's complaint pursuant to
        CPLR §321 l[a][5] is granted, and it is

                ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion for, inter alia, summary judgment is denied.

                                                                                                                                h
                   4/1/2024                                                       ~lJ- v--_J"-                                  Ii

                        DATE
                                                                                   Hiffl~~~S•j\~-~HN II\
         CHECK ONE:                       CASE DISPOSED                        NON-FINAL DISPOSITION                      J.S.C.
                                          GRANTED           □ DENIED           GRANTED IN PART                  □ OTHER
         APPLICATION:                     SETTLE ORDER                         SUBMIT ORDER

         CHECK IF APPROPRIATE:            INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN           FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT            □ REFERENCE

         850043/2018 HSBC BANK USA, N.A. AS vs. NICOLA NICHOLAS                                   Page 6 of 6
         Motion No. 004

                                                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                                                    I

[* 6]                                                             6 of 6
                                                                                                                                    ti