Court Opinion

ID: 8212574
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-10-07 14:04:47.979397+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:42:11.805116
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: SEPTEMBER 30, 2022; 10:00 A.M.
                 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

           Commonwealth of Kentucky
                  Court of Appeals
                    NO. 2022-CA-0803-EL

BRIDGETTE EHLY                                       APPELLANT

                   AN ELECTION APPEAL
           ARISING FROM OLDHAM CIRCUIT COURT
v.         HONORABLE JERRY D. CROSBY, II, JUDGE
                   ACTION NO. 22-CI-00246

COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY,
STATE BOARD OF ELECTIONS; AND
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY,
SECRETARY OF STATE                                   APPELLEES

AND

                    NO. 2022-CA-0878-EL

BRIDGETTE EHLY                                       APPELLANT

                   AN ELECTION APPEAL
           ARISING FROM OLDHAM CIRCUIT COURT
v.         HONORABLE JERRY D. CROSBY, II, JUDGE
                   ACTION NO. 22-CI-00246

COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY,
STATE BOARD OF ELECTIONS; AND
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY,
SECRETARY OF STATE                                   APPELLEES
                                 OPINION
                         REVERSING AND REMANDING

                                    ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: JONES, LAMBERT, AND K. THOMPSON, JUDGES.

THOMPSON, K., JUDGE: Appellant Bridgette Ehly filed two notices of appeal

from orders of the Oldham Circuit Court relative to her petition for a recount of the

votes in the May 17, 2022, Republican primary election for the office of State

Representative. Having reviewed the record and the applicable law, we reverse the

June 27, 2022, order granting dismissal and remand for a recount.

                    I.    FACTUAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND

             Ehly ran against incumbent David Osborne (Speaker Osborne) in the

Republican primary for State Representative in the 59th District. The election

returns reflect Ehly received 1,975 votes to Speaker Osborne’s 4,164. On May 26,

2022, Ehly filed in the Oldham Circuit Court a petition for a recount pursuant to

Kentucky Revised Statutes (KRS) 120.095. Ehly named only the Commonwealth

of Kentucky, State Board of Elections (the Board) as a party-defendant therein.

However, Ehly alleges she served Speaker Osborne with a copy of the petition and

that he did not file an entry of appearance in the lawsuit. Additionally, the record

on appeal reflects the Oldham Circuit Court Clerk served notice of entry of a June

6, 2022, order, in which the circuit court ruled that Ehly “has the statutory right to

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request a recount and said recount shall proceed upon the posting of the necessary

bond[,]” upon:

             BROWN, TAYLOR, SCUTCHFIELD, JENNIFER
             SCHWARTZ . . . EHLY, BRIDGETTE, STATE
             BOARD OF ELECTIONS ATTN DANIEL CAMERON.
             COPY SENT TO DAVID OSBORNE X2[.]

             The record reflects four separate orders entered by the Oldham Circuit

Court, to wit:

          1. On June 6, 2022, following an evidentiary hearing, the
             circuit court entered an order setting a recount bond
             pursuant to KRS 120.095(1) in the amount of $21,700.00
             and directing Ehly to post the bond within 10 days. The
             order noted that Ehly “has the statutory right to request a
             recount and said recount shall proceed upon the posting
             of the necessary bond.” The order recited that it “is final
             and appealable with no just reason for delay.”

In response to this order, Ehly posted a cash bond of $21,700.00 on June 16, 2022.

          2. On June 27, 2022, the circuit court entered an order
             granting the Board’s motion to dismiss the petition for
             failure to join necessary parties to the petition. That
             order recites, “There being no just cause for delay, this
             order will become final and appealable upon the issuance
             of a check to [Ehly] for the balance of the bond posted
             for the recount.”

          3. On July 6, 2022, the circuit court entered an order
             directing the circuit court clerk “to pay out of the bond”
             Ehly posted the sums of $782.63 and $958.41 which,
             respectively, “cover[ed] the cost of security and
             transportation of the voting machines pursuant to
             invoices tendered by the Oldham County Sheriff’s Office
             and the Oldham County Road’s [sic] Department.” The
             court further stated that although it had “elicited

                                         -3-
             testimony from the Oldham County Clerk’s office as to
             the cost associated with this election recount . . . [u]pon
             further reflection . . . those services were part of the
             clerk’s regular course of business and therefore not
             subject to reimbursement.” Finally, the order recites:
             “Pursuant to this Court’s prior Order, the invoices have
             been tendered and after payment of the above expenses,
             the remainder of the bond shall be refunded to [Ehly].
             The Order of June 27, 2022 is final and appealable.”

         4. On July 28, 2022, the circuit court entered an order
            denying Ehly’s motion to alter, amend, or vacate the
            orders of June 27, 2022, and July 6, 2022.

             Ehly filed two separate appeals: (1) the notice of appeal filed on July

5, 2022, resulted in No. 2022-CA-0803-EL; in it, Ehly appeals from the June 6,

2022, order; and (2) the notice of appeal filed on Monday, July 18, 2022, resulted

in No. 2022-CA-0878-EL; in it, Ehly appeals from the June 27, 2022, order and the

July 6, 2022, order. As to this second appeal, Ehly explained that the July 6, 2022

order “made the June 27, 2022 Order, final and appealable[.]”

             We observe that the Board did not file a cross-appeal regarding the

July 6, 2022, order lowering of the bond amount to eliminate the cost of the

recount to the county clerk, so the issue as to whether this reduction was

appropriate is not before us.

             KRS 120.095(2) provides that appeals of recounts of primary

elections are governed by the provisions of KRS 120.075. KRS 120.075(1)

provides in relevant part that such appeals:

                                          -4-
             shall be in accordance with the Rules of Civil Procedure,
             except that the notice of appeal shall be filed and a
             supersedeas bond executed in the Circuit Court, and the
             record shall be filed in the Court of Appeals, within ten
             (10) days after the entry of the judgment, or within such
             other time as the Court of Appeals may, for cause shown,
             permit.

                    II.   Was the Dismissal of the Appeal Warranted?

             We first address the Board’s arguments that these appeals should have

been dismissed because: (1) the first appeal was from an interlocutory order; (2)

the second appeal was untimely because the June 27, 2022, order was the final and

appealable order; and (3) Ehly failed to post a supersedeas bond.

             We agree with the Board that the circuit court’s order of June 6, 2022,

was inherently interlocutory. It could not be made final and appealable by

inclusion of finality recitals under Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure (CR) 54.02

because it did not adjudicate any claim, nor did it terminate the cause of action.

Craft v. Davidson, 189 Ky. 378, 224 S.W. 1082 (1920); Hook v. Hook, 563 S.W.2d

716, 717 (Ky. 1978). Furthermore, even if the June 6, 2022, order were not

inherently interlocutory, Ehly’s appeal from that order would have been untimely

as it was filed on July 5, 2022, well outside of the statutory time limit prescribed in

KRS 120.075(1).

             However, we disagree with the Board that Ehly had to appeal from the

June 27, 2022, order. There was no need to appeal from this order because it did

                                          -5-
not fully terminate the cause of action. Instead, the June 27, 2022, order expressly

stated that it would become final and appealable upon the occurrence of a future

event. Thus, it was interlocutory.1

               The July 6, 2022, order disposed of the case. It was a proper final and

appealable order which could be appealed. Once it was entered, the prior orders

could be appealed as being finally adjudicated. CR 54.02(2). The second notice of

appeal was timely filed on Monday, July 18, 2022, within ten days of the July 6,

2022, order being entered as calculated in accordance with CR 6.01. See generally

Shackelford v. Barnette, 445 S.W.2d 449 (Ky. 1969). Therefore, the June 27,

2022, order is properly before us.

               However, as the second notice of appeal did not list the June 6, 2022,

order, it is not properly before us. As the cases were consolidated, it would not be

appropriate to dismiss this portion of the appeal, but we decline to consider Ehly’s

1
  See, e.g., Campbell v. Hulett, 243 S.W.2d 608, 610 (Ky. 1951) (“It has been said that if an
order entered in a cause does not put an end to the action, but leaves something further to be
done before the rights of the parties are terminated, it is interlocutory and not final. . . . [The
question is whether] the lower court intended to terminate the litigation once and for all.”);
Jacoby v. Carrollton Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n, 246 S.W.2d 1000, 1001 (Ky. 1952) (internal
quotation marks and citations omitted) (“A final order means one where the last say has been
said, while an interlocutory order means one that is speaking between.”); Knott v. Crown
Colony Farm, Inc., 865 S.W.2d 326, 329 (Ky. 1993) (citation omitted) (“An interim or
interlocutory order at the trial court level, even one that ultimately proves to be fatal to the
outcome of the case, cannot be appealed before the final decision of the trial court disposing of
all issues.”). The parties’ discussion, in their appellate briefs, of the motion to alter, amend, or
vacate is a red herring because Appellant did not attempt to appeal this order, nor could she
appeal it as an order denying a CR 59.05 motion is not an appealable order. Tax Ease Lien
Investments 1, LLC v. Brown, 340 S.W.3d 99 (Ky. App. 2011).

                                                 -6-
argument regarding the June 6, 2022, order. We also note that Ehly’s reasons for

appealing this order are largely moot based on the circuit court subsequently

lowering the bond amount needed for the recount and our decision that follows.

             Finally, we address whether dismissal of these appeals is required due

to Ehly’s failure to post a supersedeas bond as set forth in KRS 120.075(1). The

statute provides that this Court may extend the time for filing such a bond for cause

shown. Ehly argues the amount and necessity of the supersedeas bond were

unclear given that there is no monetary judgment against her which could be

superseded, and considering her having posted the $21,700.00 recount bond

pursuant to KRS 120.095(1). Clearly, the amount of the original bond would have

been sufficient to secure any damages and costs to the Board on appeal. We hold

that payment of an additional amount into circuit court would have been

duplicitous and unnecessary. Therefore, we deny the Board’s motion to dismiss

via a separate order.

                    III.   Were the Necessary Parties Named in the Petition?

             Because we have determined this matter is properly before the Court,

we turn now to the merits of Ehly’s allegation of error regarding the June 27, 2022,

order, that her petition for a recount should not have been dismissed for failure to

name necessary parties.

                                         -7-
            This Court reviews de novo the circuit court’s granting of a motion to

dismiss under CR 12.02:

            When considering the motion, the allegations contained
            in the pleading are to be treated as true and must be
            construed in a light most favorable to the pleading party.
            The test is whether the pleading sets forth any set of facts
            which -- if proven -- would entitle the party to relief. If
            so, the pleading is sufficient to state a claim. Since the
            trial court is not required to make factual findings, the
            determination is purely a matter of law. Consequently,
            we review the decision of the trial court de novo.

Mitchell v. Coldstream Labs., 337 S.W.3d 642, 644-45 (Ky. App. 2010) (citations

omitted). KRS 120.095 provides, in relevant part:

            (1) Any candidate voted for at a primary held under KRS
                118.015 to 118.035 and 118.105 to 118.255 may
                request a recount of the ballots by filing a petition
                with the same court that contest petitions are required
                to be filed with, within ten (10) days after the day of
                the primary, or, if the candidate is qualified to bring a
                contest proceeding under KRS 120.055, by including
                a request for a recount in his or her petition instituting
                the contest proceedings. Any candidate who is a
                contestee in a contest proceeding under KRS
                120.055 may request a recount in his or her answer
                filed in the contest proceeding, but in that case the
                answer shall be filed within five (5) days after the
                service of process on the petition. When a request for
                a recount is made, the State Board of Elections or the
                county board of elections, whichever would issue the
                certificate of nomination, shall be made a party
                defendant. The party requesting the recount shall
                execute a bond with approved surety for the costs of
                the recount, in an amount to be fixed by the Circuit
                Judge. Upon the bond being filed, the clerk shall
                immediately notify the Circuit Judge of the request

                                         -8-
                 and the filing of the bond, and the judge shall at once
                 enter an order directing custody of the voting
                 machines, voting equipment, or voting system, the
                 ballots, boxes, and all papers pertaining to the
                 election to be transferred to the Circuit Court, and fix
                 a day for the recount proceedings to begin. A copy
                 of the order shall be served upon the parties or their
                 counsel in the same manner as notices are required to
                 be served, which shall be deemed sufficient notice of
                 the proceeding. On the day fixed, the court shall
                 proceed to recount the ballots if their integrity is
                 satisfactorily shown and shall complete the recount as
                 soon as practicable, and file and enter of record the
                 results thereof, and direct the state board or county
                 board, whichever would issue the certificate of
                 nomination, to issue a certificate to the party entitled
                 thereto as shown by the recount.

             (2) Any party may appeal from the judgment to the Court
                 of Appeals, in the same manner as provided in KRS
                 120.075, all of the provisions of which statute shall
                 be applicable.

             The circuit court dismissed Ehly’s petition on the ground that she

failed to name therein: (1) Speaker Osborne, who ostensibly received the highest

number of votes in the primary; and (2) the Oldham County Clerk.

                          A. Is the Winning Opponent a Necessary Party?

             As to Speaker Osborne, the circuit court provided three reasons why

he was a necessary party. First, the circuit court found that Speaker Osborne has

an interest that could be divested by the recount action, assuming the recount

ultimately reflects that Ehly received more votes, i.e., he would lose the

nomination, and therefore, Ehly was required to join him under CR 19. Second,

                                         -9-
following Ehly arguing for a lower recount bond amount at an evidentiary hearing,

the circuit court stated that Osborne was deprived the reciprocal opportunity to

argue for a higher recount bond amount. Third, the circuit court found the General

Assembly’s use in KRS 120.095 of the phrase “to issue a certificate to the

party entitled thereto as shown by the recount” requires that the opposing candidate

be a “party” in the recount action.

             We agree with Ehly that the circuit court erred in dismissing the

petition for failure to name her opponent, Speaker Osborne, because our case law

reveals that opponents listed on the ballot are not necessary parties. In Kirby v.

Creech, 235 Ky. 816, 32 S.W.2d 419 (1930), Creech instituted election contest

proceedings against Kirby following the November 1929 election for the office of

police judge of the town of Loyal, Harlan County, Kentucky. Kirby appeared to

have received the highest number of votes. Creech appeared to have finished

fourth, out of seven candidates appearing on the ballot, based on the election

returns. However, a recount of the votes revealed that one Suttles had received the

most votes, then Wolfe, then Creech, then Kirby. Thus, neither the appellant nor

the appellee received a plurality of votes. To make matters worse, “Creech did not

make either Suttles or Wolfe a party to [the] contest, and [those] two candidates

seem[ed] to have taken no action to protect whatever rights they had.” Id. at 419-

20. Therefore,

                                         -10-
             [a]s neither Suttles nor Wolfe was a party to the suit and
             had taken no independent action to protect their rights
             . . . [the trial court] could not declare the appellee elected,
             since he had not received a plurality of the votes cast at
             the election, [the trial court] would have to declare that
             no valid election had been held, and he entered a
             judgment accordingly.

Id. at 419. On appeal, Kirby argued that the trial court should have granted his

motion to dismiss the petition “on his plea setting up what he claimed to be a lack

of necessary parties to the suit[.]” Id. Our then-highest Court held:

             It would have been much better practice had appellee
             made the other candidates at this election parties to
             the suit to the end that on final adjudication the court
             could have declared who had been elected to the office
             in question. But it was not indispensably necessary
             for the appellee to do so. . . . A public office does not
             possess the attributes of private property; so an election
             contest suit in its essence is not a controversy between
             parties in the sense of ordinary litigation, but is in the
             nature of an inquiry into the purity of the election.

Id. at 420 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted) (emphasis added). See

also Dixon v. Maddox, 311 Ky. 28, 223 S.W.2d 178, 179 (1949) (observing that in

a statutory recount action, “[n]ot only is the proceeding a summary one, but it also

embodies some of the elements of a proceeding in rem”).

             In Kirby, 32 S.W.2d at 421, although the trial court’s declaration that

there had been “no election” was a misnomer, “as there was shown no such fraud,

intimidation, bribery, or violence in the conduct of the election as that the court

could not determine who was elected,” the Court affirmed, holding that “neither

                                          -11-
appellant nor appellee was entitled to the office of police judge.” Concerning the

appropriate remedy, “[t]he other candidates, and especially Suttles, who really

received a plurality of the votes, did nothing to protect their rights, nor did they in

time or even at all undertake to assert their rights to the office and to qualify

therefor[.]” Id. “Hence,” the Court said, “it necessarily follows that there is a

vacancy in the office just as there would have been had Suttles been given the

certificate of election and failed to qualify.” Id.

             In Brock v. Saylor, 300 Ky. 471, 189 S.W.2d 688 (1945), in a race for

the Republican nomination for magistrate of Bell County, Kentucky, Brock

received 261 votes to Saylor’s 256. Following a recount by the trial court upon

Saylor’s petition, Saylor was declared the nominee by a margin of nine votes.

Brock appealed, asserting the procedure did not conform to the applicable statute,

at that time set forth in KRS Chapter 122. The Court noted that KRS 122.060, the

statute then relating to a petition for a recount of the ballots, provided: “A copy of

the order shall be served upon the parties or their counsel in the same manner as

notices are required to be served, which shall be deemed sufficient notice of the

proceeding.” Brock, 189 S.W.2d at 689. Identical language concerning service

and notice appears in our modern-day recount statute, KRS 120.095(1). The Brock

Court explained:

                    It is to be observed that the statutory proceeding
             for a recount of the ballots in a primary election does not

                                          -12-
             require that the opposing party shall be summoned, as
             does the statute relating to the contest. In a recount
             proceeding the opposing party or his counsel shall be
             served with a copy of the order directing a transfer to the
             circuit court of the election paraphernalia and fixing a
             day for the recount. . . . The purpose of this notice is
             apparently the same as the summons although the
             recount of ballots would appear to be more of an ex
             parte or summary proceeding than is a contest of an
             election, and expedition is of the essence.

Brock, 189 S.W.2d at 689-90 (citations omitted) (emphasis added).

             In the instant case, the circuit court clerk entered a notation on the

docket relative to the June 6, 2022, order, stating that copies were sent to Speaker

Osborne. Based on our review of the applicable law, we cannot say that Speaker

Osborne was a necessary party to Ehly’s petition for a recount or that the required

statutory notice was not effectuated.

                          B. Is the County Clerk a Necessary Party?

             We next examine whether the Oldham County Clerk was a necessary

party to Ehly’s petition. As to the county clerk, the circuit court determined she

was a necessary party due to her status as the “legal possessor” of the ballots,

voting machines, and/or voting equipment. The circuit court ruled that Maddox

required the county clerk to be named as a party-defendant in any recount action.

             We disagree as Maddox is clearly distinguishable from the present

case. There, the dismissal of the plaintiff’s petition for a recount was affirmed

because the plaintiff had failed to name the members of the Bell County Election

                                         -13-
Commission therein. The Court held that the members were necessary parties

because “[o]nce a recount is completed, the only parties to whom a judge could

direct the execution of an order relative to the number of votes casts in the election

would be the members of the County Election Commission.” Maddox, 223

S.W.2d at 179. “These officers are required to issue certain certificates which

unquestionably are those referred to in KRS 122.060 [the former recount statute].”

Maddox, 223 S.W.2d at 179. The Court further emphasized that the plaintiff’s

naming the opposing party in his petition “could not give the trial judge

jurisdiction of the subject matter of the recount, namely the ballots.” Id. at 180.

             There are two salient points here. First, Ehly named in her petition

the entity responsible for issuance of the certificate of nomination, the State Board

of Elections, in contrast to the faulty petition in Maddox. Second, as noted by

Ehly, KRS 120.095(1) provides:

             Upon the [recount] bond being filed, the clerk shall
             immediately notify the Circuit Judge of the request and
             the filing of the bond, and the judge shall at once enter an
             order directing custody of the voting machines, voting
             equipment, or voting system, the ballots, boxes, and all
             papers pertaining to the election to be transferred to the
             Circuit Court, and fix a day for the recount proceedings
             to begin.

Thus, the statute vests the circuit court with the authority and jurisdiction to seize

control of the voting paraphernalia. It is unnecessary that the county clerk be

                                          -14-
named as a party to the recount petition in light of this statutory mandate and

authority.

             We note that in Brock, 189 S.W.2d at 690, the Court held that

constructive, not actual, possession of the ballot boxes was sufficient to comply

with the recount statute, and offering as an example:

             It is not an unusual practice for the court to direct that
             ballot boxes be placed in a bank’s vault for safe-keeping.
             They are thereby effectually “transferred to the circuit
             court.” We see no reason why the same constructive
             possession is not acquired if they are left in the custody
             of the county clerk after the circuit court takes hold of the
             proceedings.

We also recognize that the circuit court in its June 27, 2022, order, directed the

Oldham Circuit Court Clerk to “return[] to the Oldham County Court Clerk as soon

as practicable . . . [t]he ballots, papers, voting machines, keys, etc. currently in the

possession of the Oldham Circuit Court Clerk[.]”

             Therefore, notwithstanding the circuit court’s conclusion that it lacked

jurisdiction to marshal the voting equipment absent Ehly’s naming of the Oldham

County Clerk in her petition, the provisions of KRS 120.095 proved sufficient for

the circuit court to obtain control of the voting apparatuses, ballots, etc.

Accordingly, the county clerk is not a necessary party to a recount action.

             For these reasons, we reverse the Oldham Circuit Court’s order

                                          -15-
dismissing Ehly’s petition for a recount for failure to name necessary parties and

remand this matter with directions to conduct the statutory recount forthwith.

             LAMBERT, JUDGE, CONCURS.

             JONES, JUDGE, CONCURS AND FILES SEPARATE OPINION.

             JONES, JUDGE, CONCURRING: I concur with the majority’s

opinion both in substance and result. I write separately simply to explain that so

long as the requesting party complies with the procedural requirements of the

recount statute and posts a bond sufficient to cover the costs of the recount, the

statute requires the recount to be performed. KRS 120.095 (“Upon the bond being

filed . . . the judge shall at once enter an order directing custody of the voting

machines, voting equipment, or voting system, the ballots, boxes, and all papers

pertaining to the election to be transferred to the Circuit Court, and fix a day for the

recount proceedings to begin.”). The statute does not have any threshold

requirements. Specifically, the requesting party does not have to present any prima

facie evidence of election irregularity, show that the reported results are within a

certain margin, or come forward with voter petitions.

             As this case demonstrates, the recount process can stretch out up until

the eve of the next election placing a heavy burden on county employees as their

limited time and resources are diverted away from other matters to perform the

recount. In cases where it seems doubtful that the recount will change the results

                                          -16-
of the election, the temptation is for courts to look for a way to avoid having to

make officials undergo the burdens associated with performing the recount.

However, this is not the job of the courts. Our job is to enforce the statute as

written regardless of whether we believe a better one could have been crafted.2

Such is the case here. Appellant has shown she is entitled to the recount under the

statute. We have no choice but to remand and order the recount regardless of any

concerns we might have about the burdens it will place on those charged with

performing it. Our role in the process, as it has been defined by our General

Assembly, is an extremely limited one.

    BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:                          BRIEF FOR APPELLEE
                                                  COMMONWEALTH OF
    J. Vincent Aprile II                          KENTUCKY, STATE BOARD OF
    Louisville, Kentucky                          ELECTIONS:

                                                  Taylor Austin Brown
                                                  Frankfort, Kentucky

2
 A survey of other states reveals widely disparate recount statutes. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF
STATE LEGISLATURES, Election Recounts https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-
campaigns/automatic-recount-thresholds.aspx. Some states have automatic recount triggers but
no process for a party to request a recount. About three-fourths of the states have a process for
requesting a recount but the requirements vary widely among the statutes. For example, in some
states, a court decides whether to grant the request; in others, the request will not be granted if
the results do meet the threshold margin, and still other states require a petition signed by a
specified number of votes to obtain the recount. Kentucky is among a handful of states with the
most liberal recount provisions allowing any candidate regardless of the vote margin to obtain a
recount by filing a petition and paying for the costs associated with the recount.

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