Court Opinion

ID: 2728021
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:27:44.39814+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:46:53.651932
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
 this Memorandum Decision shall not be
                                                                    FILED
                                                                  Feb 12 2013, 8:50 am
 regarded as precedent or cited before any
 court except for the purpose of
 establishing the defense of res judicata,                               CLERK
                                                                       of the supreme court,
                                                                       court of appeals and
 collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.                                 tax court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                               ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

JEFFREY A. BOGGESS                                    GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Greencastle, Indiana                                  Attorney General of Indiana

                                                      FRANCES BARROW
                                                      Deputy Attorney General
                                                      Indianapolis, Indiana

                                IN THE
                      COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

PHILLIP RUMLEY, SR.,                                  )
                                                      )
       Appellant-Defendant,                           )
                                                      )
                vs.                                   )       No. 67A01-1207-DR-298
                                                      )
LAURIE FERGUSON,                                      )
                                                      )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                            )

                       APPEAL FROM THE PUTNAM CIRCUIT COURT
                          The Honorable Matthew L. Headley, Judge
                               Cause No. 67C01-0105-DR-168

                                          February 12, 2013

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

FRIEDLANDER, Judge
       Phillip Rumley, Sr. (Father) appeals from the trial court’s order calculating his

outstanding child support arrearage owed to Laurie Ferguson (Mother). Father presents

several issues on appeal, which we consolidate and restate as the following single issue: did

the trial court abuse its discretion in determining Father’s support arrearage?

       We reverse and remand for further proceedings.

       Mother and Father were married in 1992 and one child was born of the marriage. The

marriage was dissolved in 1995, and pursuant to an agreed order, Father was ordered to pay

child support in the amount of $68 per week. The divorce decree did not require Father to

make his support payments through the clerk’s office or specify another means by which

Father was to make payment.

       Father never made child support payments through the clerk’s office, and Mother and

Father dispute the extent to which Father made direct payments to Mother. On February 16,

2012, the State, through the Deputy Prosecuting Attorney for the Title IV-D Child Support

Office, filed a Motion for Review asking the trial court to determine the amount of Father’s

child support arrearage. The trial court held a hearing on April 18, 2012, at which Mother

and Father appeared. Mother testified that from 2001 forward, Father never paid support as

ordered, with the exception of a three-year period during which Father made payments

totaling $14,700. Although Mother had not kept written records of Father’s payments or

written him receipts, Mother testified that from September 5, 2008 until September 16, 2011,

Father had paid her $200 every two weeks, except during the summers, when he paid half

that amount. In addition, the State admitted into evidence the record of the Putnam County

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Clerk indicating that Father had made no payments through that office and an arrearage

calculation worksheet indicating that once Father was credited with the $14,700 in direct

payments Mother acknowledged receiving, he had an outstanding arrearage of $22,066.

       Mother and Father’s son, who was a senior in high school at the time of the hearing,

testified that from the time he and Mother moved back to Indiana from Tennessee at the

beginning of his seventh grade year until “several months” before the hearing, his Father had

given him $200 to give to his Mother at the conclusion of his visits, which took place every

other weekend. Transcript at 38. Father also testified that after Mother and the child

returned from Tennessee, he gave Mother $200 every two weeks through the child. Father

did not keep any written records of these payments. Father admitted that he had not always

been consistent in paying support, particularly while Mother and the child lived in Tennessee,

but claimed that he had made up any deficits by paying additional support at other times.

Father claimed that he had no outstanding support arrearage and had in fact overpaid support.

       At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court took the matter under advisement and

ordered the parties to submit briefs on the issue of “whose duty it is to make sure support gets

paid through the Clerk’s Office.” Transcript at 57. Both Father and the State submitted their

briefs of May 21, 2012. In his brief, Father argued that he was not required to make support

payments through the clerk’s office and, even if he was, he should be given credit for

nonconforming support payments made through the child. In its brief, the State argued that

Ind. Code Ann. § 31-16-9-1 (West, Westlaw current through 2012 2nd Reg. Sess.) “requires

payments to be made through the Clerk” and that “it is the duty of the individual making

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payments to ensure payments are made through the clerk.” Appellant’s Supplemental

Appendix 1 at 6, 7.

        On June 11, 2012, the trial court entered an order concluding that Father owed Mother

$22,066 in unpaid support. The order was accompanied by the following relevant findings

and conclusions:

        1. Mother, through the State of Indiana, alleges father is $22,066.00 in
           arrears.
        2. Mother has given father a $14,700 credit toward the arrears because some
           payments were made in cash.
        3. Father believes he is overpaid some $13,214.00.
        4. The child at issue . . . claims that he would take money to mother from
           father each visitation, after his and his mother’s return to Indiana from
           Tennessee for residency purposes.
        5. Of course, neither mother [n]or father made out or kept receipts.
        6. Father admits that he did not pay support (“I didn’t give her a lot always”)
           when mother was in Tennessee for three years.
        7. Mother signed a statement that father was not in arrears and paid off the
           divorce decree obligation to her. Mother claims that is so he and his new
           wife could qualify/buy a new house. Father says it[’]s because he paid her.
           Neither party can provide any such proof either way.

        Conclusion
               Court concludes that I.C. 31-16-9-1 and its predecessor require payment
        to be made through the Clerk of Court. Mother also gave father credit for cash
        payments, just not as much as he thinks he paid her. Court concludes that
        father has an arrearage of $22,066.00 as of April 13, 2012, as it is his
        obligation to show proof that he paid the support. Had he paid it through the
        Clerk or kept receipts, he would have overcome the presumption, but he didn’t.

Appellant’s Appendix at 10-11. Father now appeals.

        We first note that the trial court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law

1
  Father filed his Supplemental Appendix on November 30, 2012, the same date he filed his reply brief. See
Ind. Appellate Rule 49(A) (“Any party may file a supplemental Appendix without leave of court until the final
reply brief is filed.”).

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pursuant to Ind. Trial Rule 52(A). Accordingly, our standard of review is two-tiered: first,

we determine whether the evidence supports the findings and, second, whether the findings

support the judgment. Marion Cnty. Auditor v. Sawmill Creek, LLC, 964 N.E.2d 213 (Ind.

2012). We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the judgment and defer to those

findings if they are supported by the evidence or any legitimate inferences flowing therefrom.

Id. Legal conclusions, on the other hand, are reviewed de novo. Id.

        The issue in this appeal is whether the trial court abused its discretion in finding that

Father owed a $22,066 child support arrearage.

        Decisions concerning child support are generally left to the trial court’s sound
        discretion. We will not disturb a trial court’s determination in that regard
        absent an abuse of discretion or a determination that the order under
        consideration is contrary to law. In conducting this review, we do not weigh
        the evidence or judge the credibility of witnesses, but rather consider only the
        evidence most favorable to the judgment, together with the reasonable
        inferences which can be drawn therefrom.

Boone v. Boone, 924 N.E.2d 649, 652 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (internal citations omitted).

        Father argues that the trial court abused its discretion by erroneously concluding that

I.C. § 31-16-9-1 and its predecessor required payment through the clerk’s office. Despite

taking a contrary position in its trial brief, the State 2 implicitly concedes on appeal that the

statute did not require payment through the clerk’s office in this case. Nevertheless, the State

responds that the trial court’s ultimate arrearage determination was not affected by Father’s

failure to pay through the clerk’s office. According to the State, the trial court’s ultimate

2
 Because Mother assigned her support rights to the Title IV-D office, she does not participate separately in this
appeal.

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determination simply reflected a finding that Mother was more credible than Father.

Specifically, the State argues “the trial court did not refuse to credit [Father] more than the

$14,700 . . . because of the technicality that he did not pay through the clerk’s office. From

the trial court’s perspective, it was a matter of proof—the merits of the evidence presented to

it.” Appellee’s Brief at 6 (internal quotations omitted).

        The relevant portion of I.C. § 31-16-9-1 and its predecessor provide that upon entering

a child support order, “the court shall require that support payments be made through the

clerk of the circuit court as trustee for remittance to the person entitled to receive payments,

unless the court has reasonable grounds for providing or approving another method of

payment.” Father argues that the trial court’s conclusion that I.C. § 31-16-9-1 required

payment through the clerk’s office was erroneous for a number of reasons, 3 one of which we

find dispositive: the plain language of the statute places a duty upon the court entering the

support order or dissolution decree to require that child support be paid through the clerk’s

office in the absence of some reason for approving an alternative payment method. 4 If the

trial court does not enter such an order, the statute places no affirmative obligation on the

child support obligor to pay child support through the clerk’s office.

3
  Notably, Father points out that the divorce decree in this case was entered prior to the enactment of I.C. § 31-
16-9-1 and its predecessor.
4
  The State seems to argue that the statute applied to the court entering the arrearage order in this case.
Specifically, the State cites the language of I.C. § 31-16-9-1 before noting that the court below “had reasonable
grounds to approve the $14,700 cash payments to Mother because she offered a sworn statement that she
received this amount.” Appellee’s Brief at 7. By its language, I.C. § 31-16-9-1 clearly applies only to the court
entering the support order, not the court determining the arrearage.

                                                        6
       In this case, the agreed dissolution decree required Father to pay child support, but did

not provide that he was to make payments in any specific manner. I.C. § 31-16-9-1 cannot be

read to place an independent obligation upon Father to make payments through the clerk’s

office, and the State does not argue otherwise. Accordingly, the trial court erred when it

concluded that I.C. § 31-16-9-1 required payment through the clerk’s office.

       Moreover, reviewing the record as a whole, it appears that the trial court’s ultimate

determination flowed at least in part from its erroneous conclusion that Father was required

to pay support through the clerk’s office and not, as the State claims, a determination of

witness credibility. It appears from the transcript that the trial court assumed that child

support payments were required to be made from the clerk, as it requested authority only on

the issue of whose burden it was to see to it that payments were made in that fashion.

Although Father argued in his trial brief that he was not required to pay through the clerk’s

office, the State in its brief argued that I.C. § 31-16-9-1 required payment through the clerk.

In its order on arrearages, the trial court concluded that I.C. § 31-16-9-1 required payment

through the clerk’s office, and then went on to conclude that (1) Mother had “given Father a

$14,700 credit toward the arrears because some payments were made in cash,” (2) it was

Father’s “obligation to show proof that he paid support,” and (3) if Father had paid through

the clerk’s office or kept receipts, “he would have overcome the presumption[.]” Appellant’s

Appendix at 11. Thus, the trial court seems to have concluded that because Father was

required to pay through the clerk’s office, his failure to do so standing alone constituted

rebuttable proof that no support had been paid (aside from the amount Mother acknowledged

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receiving). We cannot conclude that the trial court would have reached the same result had

it properly noted that Father was not required to pay through the clerk’s office.

       This leads us to consider Father’s next argument—that the trial court abused its

discretion in erroneously concluding that he bore the initial burden of proving that he had

paid support. See Payson v. Payson, 442 N.E.2d 1123 (Ind. Ct. App. 1982) (providing that

the mother seeking to have an arrearage established had the burden of proving a support

arrearage existed).    The State does not dispute that Mother had the initial burden of

establishing an arrearage, but argues that the trial court’s order does not indicate that it

allocated the initial burden to Father. Rather, the State claims that the trial court’s order

indicates that it determined Mother had set forth a prima facie case by presenting the clerk’s

record indicating that Father had not made any payments through that office, thereby shifting

the burden to Father to prove payment. See Earl v. Am. States Preferred Ins. Co., 744 N.E.2d
1025, 1027-28 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001) (noting that prima facie evidence is “‘evidence as is

sufficient to establish a given fact and which will remain sufficient if uncontradicted’”

(quoting Mullins v. State, 646 N.E.2d 40, 50 (Ind. 1995))), trans. denied.

       As an initial matter, we note that the trial court made no conclusion that Mother bore

or satisfied any burden or established a prima facie case. On the contrary, the trial court

concluded that “it was [Father’s] obligation to show proof that he paid support” and Father

could have “overcome the presumption” by paying through the clerk’s office or keeping

receipts. Appellant’s Appendix at 11. Thus, it appears that the trial court allocated the initial

burden to Father.

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       Moreover, Mother’s argument that the clerk’s record was prima facie evidence of an

arrearage in this case is unavailing. In support of her argument, Mother cites Payson v.

Payson, 442 N.E.2d 1123. In Payson v. Payson, the parties’ dissolution decree required the

father to make child support payments through the clerk’s office. The mother subsequently

petitioned to have the father held in contempt for failure to pay support and asked the court to

enter a judgment for a support arrearage. At trial, the father testified and presented evidence

indicating that he had made direct payments to the mother and to third parties on the mother’s

behalf, and owed no outstanding support. Id. The mother testified that father had made

some direct payments to her, but there was still a substantial arrearage owing. The mother

had kept no written record of the payments and her arrearage calculation was an estimate

based solely on her recollection. She did not admit into evidence the clerk’s record

indicating that payments had not been made through that office. Id.

       This court affirmed the trial court’s conclusion that the father owed no outstanding

support, holding that he was entitled to credit for payments made directly to the mother and

on her behalf even though the payments were not made in the manner specified by the order.

Id. The court also concluded that the mother had the burden of proving a support arrearage,

which she had failed to carry. Id. The court held that if she had offered into evidence the

clerk’s record and the court order fixing the support obligation, she would have established a

prima facie case, but because she failed to submit the record or to provide any other

corroborative evidence to support her estimation of the alleged arrearage, she had not carried

her burden. Id.

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       The State argues that it presented prima facie evidence of an arrearage by admitting

the clerk’s record into evidence and that Father thereafter bore the burden of rebutting the

evidence. The State, however, ignores a key distinction between this case and Payson v.

Payson. Under the terms of the support order in Payson v. Payson, the father was ordered to

pay through the clerk’s office, so it follows that a record indicating that he had not paid in the

manner specified would constitute prima facie evidence of nonpayment. In this case,

however, neither statute nor the dissolution decree required Father to pay through the clerk’s

office or use any other specific method of payment, and it is undisputed that Father never

paid through the clerk’s office. Instead, Father made cash payments to Mother which were

delivered by the child. Under these circumstances, the clerk’s record standing alone does not

establish a prima facie case for an arrearage sufficient to shift the burden to Father.

       In reaching our conclusion in this case, we make no comment on the credibility of

either Father’s or Mother’s testimony, as it is not our prerogative to make such judgments.

Rather, we reverse based solely on our conclusion that the trial court made legal errors in

concluding that I.C. § 31-16-9-1 required Father to make support payments through the

clerk’s office and by allocating the burden of proof to Father. Nor do we address whether

there was sufficient evidence in the record to support the judgment notwithstanding the legal

errors. Because the trial court’s ultimate conclusion may have been affected by its legal

errors, we reverse and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

       Judgment reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

NAJAM, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.

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