Court Opinion

ID: 4112904
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-01-03 20:13:26.103243+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:27:12.962315
License: Public Domain

J-S83038-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,              :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                           :          PENNSYLVANIA
                     Appellee              :
                                           :
            v.                             :
                                           :
ALTON MCCOLLUM,                            :
                                           :
                     Appellant             :     No. 618 WDA 2016

                 Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence April 20, 2016
                   in the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County
                 Criminal Division at No(s): CP-26-CR-0001073-2015

BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., SHOGAN AND STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.:                     FILED JANUARY 03, 2017

        Alton McCollum (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered April 20, 2016, after he was found guilty of burglary, harassment,

and disorderly conduct. We affirm.

        The trial court set forth the relevant factual background of this case as

follows.

              [A]t approximately 2:00 p.m., on April 24, 2015 at 51
        Pershing Court, an apartment in a public housing complex in
        Uniontown, Fayette County, Pennsylvania[, Appellant] and a
        female companion loudly knocked on the door of the apartment
        where Megan Trombetta [(Ms. Trombetta)] was staying. Ms.
        Trombetta thought the [person knocking was someone else, and
        when she cracked open the door so as to see who it was,
        [Appellant] and his companion forced their way in. The female
        companion started to throw punches at Ms. Trombetta, and
        [Appellant] hit her twice. [Appellant’s] first punch hit her in the
        forehead and the second in her nose, and knocked her out. Ms.
        Trombetta did not open the door completely, and did not invite

*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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        [Appellant] in, nor did she give him permission to enter the
        residence. The punches from [Appellant] including the knock-
        out, caused [Ms. Trombetta] severe pain, including a broken
        nose[,] scrapes, and contusions. Ms. Trombetta went in and out
        of consciousness after being knocked out, and heard [Appellant]
        say he was going to take her to the mountains to kill her as he
        and his companion were dragging her out to the car.

              The lessee of the apartment at 51 Pershing Court on the
        day of the crimes was Nicole Lloyd [(Ms. Lloyd)]. Although Ms.
        Lloyd knew [Appellant] then, she did not invite him into her
        house, did not give him permission to enter the apartment, and
        she never indicated to him that he had free reign to come and go
        as he pleased. Ms. Lloyd, who was upstairs [in] the apartment
        at the time of the crimes, heard the commotion and called the
        police.   Another Commonwealth witness, Alvin Sapp, was
        repairing a roof across the street when he witnessed the banging
        on the door and the forcible entry into the apartment by a
        woman and a man, although he was unable to identify the
        persons. He subsequently saw the man and woman dragging
        someone else out of the house and putting her into a car.

Trial Court Opinion (TCO), 5/3/2016, 1-2 (citations omitted).

        On April 5, 2016, following a jury trial, Appellant was found guilty of

the aforementioned crimes.1        On April 20, 2015, Appellant received a

sentence of 12 to 24 months’ incarceration.           This timely-filed appeal

followed.2

        On appeal, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to

sustain his burglary conviction.       Appellant’s Brief at 7.     We address

Appellant’s issue mindful of the following standard of review.

1
 Pertinent to this appeal, Appellant was charged with, but ultimately found
not guilty of, simple assault.
2
    Both Appellant and the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

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      [O]ur standard of review of sufficiency claims requires that we
      evaluate the record in the light most favorable to the verdict
      winner giving the prosecution the benefit of all reasonable
      inferences to be drawn from the evidence. Evidence will be
      deemed sufficient to support the verdict when it establishes each
      material element of the crime charged and the commission
      thereof by the accused, beyond a reasonable doubt.
      Nevertheless, the Commonwealth need not establish guilt to a
      mathematical certainty. Any doubt about the defendant’s guilt is
      to be resolved by the fact finder unless the evidence is so weak
      and inconclusive that, as a matter of law, no probability of fact
      can be drawn from the combined circumstances.

Commonwealth v. Lynch, 72 A.3d 706, 707-08 (Pa. Super. 2013)

(internal citations and quotations omitted). The Commonwealth may sustain

its burden by means of wholly circumstantial evidence, and we must

evaluate the entire trial record and consider all evidence received against the

defendant. Commonwealth v. Markman, 916 A.2d 586, 598 (Pa. 2007).

To sustain a conviction for burglary, “the Commonwealth must prove that

the defendant entered a building or occupied structure with the intent of

committing a crime therein, unless the structure is open to the public or the

defendant    had   a   license   or   privilege   to   enter   the   structure.”

Commonwealth v. Morales, 91 A.3d 80, 88 (Pa. 2014).

      Appellant argues the Commonwealth failed to meet its burden in

establishing that he entered the apartment with the intent to commit a crime

therein. Appellant’s Brief at 11. Additionally, relying on this Court’s decision

in Commonwealth v. Brown, 886 A. 2d 256 (Pa. Super. 2005), Appellant

avers his conviction for burglary must be reversed since he was found not

guilty of simple assault.    Appellant’s Brief at 12 (“The Commonwealth

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specifically stated that [Appellant] unlawfully entered the apartment with the

intent to commit the crime of simple assault. At trial, the jury found

[Appellant] not guilty of simple assault.”).

      Considering all of the evidence, the trial court offered the following:

            Clearly in light of the evidentiary summary set forth above,
      the trial evidence was more than sufficient to establish that the
      apartment at 51 Pershing Court was an occupied residence at
      the time it was forcibly entered by [Appellant] and his
      accomplice. That [Appellant] intended to commit the crime of
      assault when he pushed his way in is amply demonstrated by the
      immediate engaging in assaultive conduct by [Appellant] against
      Ms. Trombetta, without asking any questions or making any
      demand, as soon as his entry into the residence was complete.

TCO, 5/3/2016, at 2-3.

      First, in reviewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the

Commonwealth,      we    disagree   with    Appellant’s   contention   that     the

Commonwealth failed to establish all the elements of burglary. There was

ample testimony from multiple witnesses that both Appellant and his cohort

pushed their way into Ms. Trombetta’s residence without permission to do

so. N.T., 4/5/2016, at 8, 35, 41. Further, Appellant testified that he had

spent the morning looking for Ms. Trombetta’s whereabouts after he awoke

to find his belongings, including cash, missing from his home. Id. at 67-69,

79. He testified that he suspected Ms. Trombetta had stolen from him, and

intended to confront her. Id. at 69, 83. Based on this testimony and the

evidence presented, it was reasonable for a jury to conclude that Appellant

entered an occupied apartment, without permission, with the intent of

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committing a crime therein. See Commonwealth v. Lease, 703 A.2d 506,

509 (Pa. Super. 1997) (quoting Commonwealth v. Alston, 651 A.2d 1092,

1095 (Pa. 1994)) (“‘Once [a defendant] has entered [a] private residence by

criminal means we can infer that [defendant] intended a criminal purpose

based upon the totality of the circumstances.... [T]he Commonwealth is not

required to allege or prove what particular crime [defendant] intended to

commit after ... forcible entry[.]’”). Additionally, it is well-established that

“the evidence at trial need not preclude every possibility of innocence, and

the fact-finder is free to resolve any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt

unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no

probability of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances.”

Commonwealth v. Hughes, 908 A.2d 924, 928 (Pa. Super. 2006).

      Next, we address Appellant’s argument, relying on Brown, that since

he was found not guilty of simple assault, his burglary conviction must be

reversed.   In Brown, Brown was arrested and charged with, inter alia,

attempted burglary and attempted theft. 886 A.2d at 257. Pertinent to his

appeal, Brown’s charge for attempted burglary specifically stated that Brown

had unlawfully entered the building with the intent to commit a “theft.” Id.

Brown was ultimately acquitted of attempted theft, but was found guilty of

attempted burglary.     Id.   On appeal, Brown argued the evidence was

insufficient to convict him of attempted burglary “after the trial court found

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[he] did not have the specific intent to commit a theft, the specifically

charged predicate crime of the burglary[.]” Id. at 258.

       The Brown Court concluded Brown’s claim had merit.          Specifically,

while acknowledging that the Commonwealth need neither specify nor prove

the crime a defendant intends to commit, this Court nonetheless held that

when the Commonwealth does specify, “in the information or indictment,

the crime defendant intended to commit, the Commonwealth must prove the

requisite intent for that particular crime in order to prove a burglary.” Id. at

260.

       Here, as cited by Appellant, the criminal information under the charge

of burglary stated that “the defendant entered the residence leased by

Nicole Lloyd at 51 Pershing Court, Uniontown City, Fayette County,

Pennsylvania, uninvited, and assaulted the victim, [Ms. Trombetta.]”

Appellant’s Brief 11-12.   Because of this language, Appellant contends the

decision in Brown, “is directly on point.” Id. at 12.

       We disagree. We find the criminal information sheet in Brown, which

listed the intended crime as “theft,” distinguishable from Appellant’s

information sheet.   Specifically, under the charge of burglary, Appellant’s

information sheet did not list the intended crime as “assault.” Rather, the

information only provided a factual summary, in which it stated that

Appellant had entered the residence without permission and assaulted Ms.

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Trombetta.    Notably, nowhere on the information sheet does it state that

Appellant entered 51 Pershing Court with the intent to commit assault.

      Furthermore, the Commonwealth provided ample evidence through

several witnesses who testified that Appellant had forced his way into the

apartment and accosted Ms. Trombetta.         Coupled with Appellant’s own

testimony that he arrived at 51 Perishing Court to confront Ms. Trombetta,

who he suspected had stolen from him, a factfinder could conclude that

Appellant entered, uninvited, with the intent to recover his belongings by

any means necessary.

      Based on the testimony, the jury could have found that Appellant

entered the apartment with the intent to commit theft or kidnapping. That

he was acquitted of assault is of no moment. No relief is due.

      In light of the foregoing, we find the evidence was more than sufficient

to permit the jury to conclude that Appellant committed a burglary.

Accordingly, Appellant’s claim fails.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/3/2017

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