Court Opinion

ID: 4262035
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-04-06 16:48:15.295283+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:29:46.245690
License: Public Domain

J-S01036-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                      Appellee                 :
                                               :
               v.                              :
                                               :
    RICHARD SCOTT LENHART                      :
                                               :
                      Appellant                :       No. 1070 MDA 2017

            Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence February 4, 2016
                In the Court of Common Pleas of Centre County
             Criminal Division at No(s): CP-14-CR-0001771-2014

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., MURRAY, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.:                             FILED APRIL 06, 2018

        Appellant, Richard Scott Lenhart, appeals nunc pro tunc from the

judgment of sentence entered in the Centre County Court of Common Pleas,

following his nolo contendere plea to two counts each of indecent assault

and insurance fraud.1 We affirm.

        The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.

Over the course of seventeen years, Appellant, a practicing psychologist,

engaged in sexual behavior with two of his patients under the guise that the

sexual contact was legitimate psychotherapeutic treatment.            Appellant

routinely billed insurance for these sessions.

        On May 19, 2015, Appellant entered a nolo contendere plea to two
____________________________________________

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3126(a)(1), 4117(a)(2), respectively.
J-S01036-18

counts each of indecent assault and insurance fraud. On February 4, 2016,

with the benefit of a pre-sentence investigation report (“PSI”), the court

ordered Appellant to pay restitution to the insurance company in the amount

of $71,557.00, and sentenced him to an aggregate term of three (3) to six

(6) years’ incarceration. The court also adjudicated Appellant a Tier III sex

offender and a sexually violent predator (“SVP”) under the Sex Offender

Registration and Notification Act (“SORNA”) in effect at that time.2              On

Monday, March 7, 2016, Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal. While the

appeal was pending, Appellant filed a pro se petition pursuant to the Post-

Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”)3 on April 4, 2016, which the court dismissed

as premature on April 7, 2016. On August 11, 2016, this Court dismissed

Appellant’s appeal for failure to file a brief.

        Appellant filed a timely PCRA petition on March 9, 2017, which sought

to reinstate his post-sentence motion and direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc.

The PCRA court held a hearing on June 1, 2017.                The following day, the

PCRA granted relief and reinstated Appellant’s post-sentence motion and

direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc.            Appellant timely filed a post-sentence
____________________________________________

2  SORNA, at 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.10-9799.41, went into effect on
December 20, 2012, after the commission of Appellant’s sex offenses
against his patients, which occurred up to November 2011. SORNA replaced
Megan’s Law as the statute governing the registration and supervision of sex
offenders. SORNA was recently amended by H.B. 631, 202 Gen. Assem.,
Reg. Sess. (Pa. 2018), Act 10 of 2018.

3   42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.

                                           -2-
J-S01036-18

motion on June 8, 2017. On July 3, 2017, the court held a hearing, granted

the motion in part, and denied it in part. The court vacated Appellant’s SVP

designation to allow Appellant to hire an expert to challenge SVP status; the

court stayed SVP proceedings until after the present appeal is resolved.4

Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal on July 6, 2017. The next day, the

court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained of

on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b); Appellant timely complied on July

17, 2017.

       Appellant raises the following issue for our review:

          DID THE SENTENCING COURT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION IN
          IMPOSING MINIMUM SENTENCES WITHIN AND ABOVE THE
          AGGRAVATED RANGE OF THE SENTENCING GUIDELINES
          WHERE THE RECORD DID NOT SUPPORT AGGRAVATING
          CIRCUMSTANCES OR REASONS TO DEPART FROM THE
          GUIDELINES[?]

(Appellant’s Brief at 5).

       Appellant argues he had no prior record and cannot abuse his position

of authority as a psychologist anymore, due to the revocation of his license

and his conviction for a registerable offense.       Yet, the court sentenced
____________________________________________

4 If the court chooses to carry out further SVP proceedings in this case, it
must first consider the new law decided during the pendency of Appellant’s
appeal. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Muniz, ___ Pa. ___, 164 A.3d 1189
(2017) and Commonwealth v. Butler, 173 A.3d 1212 (Pa.Super. 2017).
Likewise, the court must be cognizant of which version of Megan’s Law
applies to Appellant. Appellant shall also have the opportunity to raise,
develop, argue, and preserve any constitutional challenges he might have to
the SVP process and to his registration/reporting requirements as a sex
offender.

                                           -3-
J-S01036-18

Appellant to an aggregate sentence of three to six years’ incarceration,

including consecutive, aggravated range or above the aggravated range

sentences, which were unsupported by legitimate factors, the court’s

reasons, or the record. Appellant complains the number of counts charged

against him adequately addressed the number of victims, and their

vulnerability was sufficiently addressed in the acknowledgment that the

offensive conduct was nonconsensual. Appellant submits his commission of

these offenses while he also committed insurance fraud was adequately

addressed by the consecutive nature of the sentences imposed.     Appellant

concedes the possibility of consecutive sentences, based on the number of

counts he pled guilty to, but he insists the court cannot then use the same

factors (number of victims or insurance remuneration) to justify any

departure from the standard sentencing guidelines. Appellant concludes the

sentence imposed was excessive, violates the Sentencing Code and

sentencing norms, and raises a substantial sentencing question.          As

presented, Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of sentencing.

See Commonwealth v. Anderson, 830 A.2d 1013 (Pa.Super. 2003)

(stating claim that court considered “improper factors” at sentencing refers

to discretionary aspects of sentencing); Commonwealth v. Lutes, 793

A.2d 949 (Pa.Super. 2002) (stating claim that sentence is manifestly

excessive refers to discretionary aspects of sentencing); Commonwealth v.

Cruz-Centeno, 668 A.2d 536 (Pa.Super. 1995), appeal denied, 544 Pa.

                                   -4-
J-S01036-18

653, 676 A.2d 1195 (1996) (stating claim that sentencing court failed to

consider or did not adequately consider certain factors refers to discretionary

aspects of sentencing).

      Challenges to the discretionary aspects of sentencing do not entitle an

appellant to an appeal as of right.       Commonwealth v. Sierra, 752 A.2d

910 (Pa.Super. 2000).          Prior to reaching the merits of a discretionary

sentencing issue:

           [W]e conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1)
           whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see
           Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly
           preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and
           modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; (3) whether
           appellant’s brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and
           (4) whether there is a substantial question that the
           sentence appealed from is not appropriate under the
           Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).

Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal

denied, 589 Pa. 727, 909 A.2d 303 (2006) (internal citations omitted).

When appealing the discretionary aspects of a sentence, an appellant must

invoke the appellate court’s jurisdiction by including in his brief a separate

concise statement demonstrating that there is a substantial question as to

the   appropriateness     of    the   sentence   under   the   Sentencing   Code.

Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 571 Pa. 419, 812 A.2d 617 (2002); Pa.R.A.P.

2119(f).     “The requirement that an appellant separately set forth the

reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal furthers the purpose evident in

the Sentencing Code as a whole of limiting any challenges to the trial court’s

                                        -5-
J-S01036-18

evaluation of the multitude of factors impinging on the sentencing decision

to exceptional cases.”     Commonwealth v. Phillips, 946 A.2d 103, 112

(Pa.Super. 2008), appeal denied, 600 Pa. 745, 964 a.2d 895 (2009), cert.

denied, 556 U.S. 1264, 129 S.Ct. 2450, 174 L.Ed.2d 240 (2009) (quoting

Commonwealth v. Williams, 562 A.2d 1385, 1387 (Pa.Super. 1989) (en

banc)) (emphasis in original) (internal quotation marks omitted).

     “The determination of what constitutes a substantial question must be

evaluated on a case-by-case basis.”    Commonwealth v. Anderson, 830

A.2d 1013, 1018 (Pa.Super. 2003). A substantial question exists “only when

the appellant advances a colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s

actions were either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the

Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie

the sentencing process.”     Sierra, supra at 912-13.     When considering

whether an appellant has raised a substantial question, this Court does not

accept bald assertions of sentencing errors. Commonwealth v. Malovich,

903 A.2d 1247 (Pa.Super. 2006). Rather, the appellant must articulate how

the sentencing court’s actions violated the sentencing code. Id.

     “Generally, Pennsylvania law ‘affords the sentencing court discretion to

impose its sentence concurrently or consecutively to other sentences being

imposed at the same time or to sentences already imposed. Any challenge

to the exercise of this discretion ordinarily does not raise a substantial

question.’” Commonwealth v. Prisk, 13 A.3d 526, 533 (Pa.Super. 2011)

                                    -6-
J-S01036-18

(quoting Commonwealth v. Pass, 914 A.2d 442, 446-47 (Pa.Super.

2006)). A basic “allegation that a sentencing court failed to consider or did

not adequately consider certain factors does not raise a substantial question

that the sentence was inappropriate.” Cruz-Centeno, supra at 545. See

also Commonwealth v. Foust, 2018 WL 988904, at *13 (filed February

21, 2018) (regarding mere challenge to imposition of concurrent versus

consecutive sentences, “extensive case law in this jurisdiction holds that

defendants convicted of multiple offenses are not entitled to a ‘volume

discount’ on their aggregate sentence”).

     On the other hand, an appellant raises a substantial question when he

alleges the sentencing court erred by imposing an aggravated range

sentence      without   consideration      of   mitigating    circumstances.

Commonwealth v. Felmlee, 828 A.2d 1105 (Pa.Super. 2003) (en banc).

Also, “claims that a penalty is excessive and/or disproportionate to the

offense can raise substantial questions.”       Malovich, supra at 1253.

Likewise, a substantial question exists when a defendant alleges the

sentencing court considered impermissible factors when imposing an

aggravated range sentence.    Commonwealth v. Stewart, 867 A.2d 589,

592 (Pa.Super. 2005).    An allegation that the sentencing court provided

inadequate reasons on the record for imposing a sentence above the

standard range also constitutes a substantial question. Commonwealth v.

Goggins, 748 A.2d 721, 727 (Pa.Super. 2000) (en banc), appeal denied,

                                    -7-
J-S01036-18

563 Pa. 672, 759 A.2d 920 (2000).

     “When imposing a sentence, the sentencing court must consider the

factors set out in 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b), that is, the protection of the

public, gravity of offense in relation to impact on victim and community, and

rehabilitative needs of the defendant [and], of course, the court must

consider the sentencing guidelines.”   Commonwealth v. Fullin, 892 A.2d

843, 847-48 (Pa.Super. 2006). A sentencing court may consider any legal

factor in imposing an aggravated range sentence.        Commonwealth v.

Bowen, 975 A.2d 1120, 1122 (Pa.Super. 2009).            One legal factor is

evidence of uncharged criminal conduct.    See Commonwealth v. P.L.S.,

894 A.2d 120, 131 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal denied, 588 Pa. 780, 906 A.2d

542 (2006). Provided there is an appropriate evidentiary link between the

uncharged conduct and the defendant, the court may consider the conduct

as relevant to the “protection of the public” sentencing factor. See id. See

also 204 Pa.Code § 303.5(d) (stating sentencing court may consider

“previous convictions, juvenile adjudications or dispositions not counted in

the calculation of the Prior Record Score, in addition to other factors

deemed appropriate by the court”) (emphasis added).            The “court is

required to consider the particular circumstances of the offense and the

character of the defendant.”   Commonwealth v. Griffin, 804 A.2d 1, 10

(Pa.Super. 2002), appeal denied, 582 Pa. 671, 868 A.2d 1198 (2005), cert.

denied, 545 U.S. 1148, 125 S.Ct. 2984, 162 L.Ed.2d 902 (2005).

                                    -8-
J-S01036-18

      Our standard of review concerning the discretionary aspects of

sentencing states:

        Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of
        the sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed
        on appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this
        context, an abuse of discretion is not shown merely by an
        error in judgment. Rather, the appellant must establish,
        by reference to the record, that the sentencing court
        ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for
        reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at
        a manifestly unreasonable decision.

Commonwealth v. Hyland, 875 A.2d 1175, 1184 (Pa.Super. 2005), appeal

denied, 586 Pa. 723, 890 A.2d 1057 (2005). “[U]nder the Sentencing Code

an appellate court is to exercise its judgment in reviewing a sentence

outside the sentencing guidelines to assess whether the sentencing court

imposed a sentence that is ‘unreasonable.’” Commonwealth v. Walls, 592

Pa.   557,   568,    926   A.2d   957,       963   (2007).    In   making   this

“unreasonableness” inquiry, this Court must consider four factors:

        § 9781. Appellate review of sentence

                                  *      *     *

        (d) Review of record.—In reviewing the record the
        appellate court shall have regard for:

             (1) The nature and circumstances of the offense and
             the history and characteristics of the defendant.

             (2) The opportunity of the sentencing court to observe
             the defendant, including any presentence investigation.

             (3) The findings upon which the sentence was based.

             (4) The guidelines promulgated by the commission.

                                      -9-
J-S01036-18

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(d)(1)-(4). Our Supreme Court explained, “the concept

of unreasonableness” is “inherently a circumstance-dependent concept that

is flexible in understanding and lacking precise definition.” Walls, supra at

568, 926 A.2d at 963.

      Where the sentencing court had the benefit of a PSI, we can assume

the sentencing court “was aware of relevant information regarding the

defendant’s   character   and   weighed    those   considerations   along   with

mitigating statutory factors.” Commonwealth v. Devers, 519 Pa. 88, 101-

02, 546 A.2d 12, 18 (1988).      See also Commonwealth v. Tirado, 870

A.2d 362, 368 (Pa.Super. 2005) (stating if sentencing court has benefit of

PSI, then we can expect that court was aware of relevant information

regarding defendant’s character and weighed those considerations along

with any mitigating factors).

      Instantly, Appellant preserved his sentencing claims in his post-

sentence motion and generally in his Rule 1925(b) statement.           He also

included a Rule 2119(f) statement in his brief that articulated his claims

regarding the court’s application of the sentencing guidelines, the court’s use

of “improper factors,” and the adequacy of the court’s reasons for the

sentence imposed.    We agree with the Commonwealth that Appellant has

raised substantial sentencing questions.

      Nevertheless, after a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the

parties, the applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable

                                    - 10 -
J-S01036-18

Jonathan D. Grine, we conclude the record belies Appellant claims, which in

turn merit no relief. The trial court opinion comprehensively discusses and

properly disposes of the complaints raised. (See Trial Court Opinion, filed

August 4, 2017, at 2-7) (finding: at sentencing, court stated it imposed

sentence, based on consideration of minimum amount of confinement

consistent with public protection, gravity of offenses, and rehabilitative

needs of Appellant; court reviewed PSI and letters submitted on behalf of

Appellant; court also considered circumstances of particular offenses,

Appellant’s character and education, and sentencing guidelines; Appellant

abandoned all professional ethics when he engaged in sex acts with his

highly vulnerable patients for seventeen years, failed to stop on his own, and

isolated himself from other professionals and support people who warned

him to stop; Appellant was unable to accept that his conduct was wrong;

court   considered   Victim   N.M.’s   impact   statement   and   Victim   A.M.’s

allegations; court explained on record it imposed sentences outside standard

range on both indecent assault charges, in light of Appellant’s monstrous

offenses against his victims, whom he exploited and intimidated mentally

and physically over long periods of time for Appellant’s own sexual

gratification, and court’s belief Appellant is poor candidate for rehabilitation;

court explained on record it imposed aggravated range sentences for

insurance fraud offenses because Appellant systematically sought and

received financial gain from his victimization of his patients; court properly

                                       - 11 -
J-S01036-18

fashioned aggregate sentence for Appellant under these circumstances). We

agree.     Here, the sentencing court considered the particularly heinous

specifics of the offenses, which Appellant perpetrated for many years while

he occupied a position of trust, as well as his character and lack of remorse.

We cannot fault the manner in which the court did so in this case.

Therefore, we refuse to supplant the court’s discretion on the grounds

alleged.   See Griffin, supra.     See also Walls, supra.     Accordingly we

affirm on the basis of the trial court opinion.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/6/2018

                                      - 12 -
Ditka,
Crowley                                                                                   l ml�llll!I IHlll ��I�
                                                                                              Circulated 03/29/2018 10:50 AM

                                                                                                        OOUOV'ClB     CCGPR0'201703

                IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF CENTRE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

                                                 CRIMINAL DIVISION

                 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                        )
                                                                      )
                        v.                                            )
                                                                                                             =
                                                                                                             ""'
                                                                                                             ......      -n
                                                                                                                         ;=:
                                                                                                             ,:,,,       n,
                                                                      )                                      c:::        c:»
                                                                                                             en
                 RICHARD S. LENHART,                                  )                                         I
                                                                                                                         ·�·�;.il
                                                                                                                         «:»
                            Defendant.                                )                                       s:          :;·.t..,
                                                                                                                          .:::,0
                                                                                                i'.0�         -0          rn
                                                                                                              :it

                                                                                                              ..
                                                                                                                          <':>
                 Attorney for Commonwealth:                           Laura A. Ditka, Esquire�;;.�            r           C".l>
                                                                                                                          ?:l]l
                 Attorneyfor Defendant:                               David Crowley, Esquir�?::..r;2          w
                                                                                                                          c,
                                                                                              ::.....          N

                     OPINION IN RESPONSE TO MATTERS COMPLAINED OF ON APPEAL

                 Presently before the Court is an appeal filed by Richard S. Lenhart ("Appellant"). Appellant's

          Concise Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal contains three (3) issues:

                 1. The Trial Court erred in imposing minimum sentences within and above the aggravated

                     range of the sentencing guidelines as the record did not support aggravating circumstance or

                     reasons to depart from the guidelines.

                 2. The Trial court erred in imposing restitution amount not adequately supported by the record.

                 3. The Trial Court erred in imposing a fine in addition to costs and substantial amounts of

                     restitution when the record established that defendant was destitute and incapable of earning

                     a livelihood.

                 The Court disagrees with Appellant's Statement for the reasons set forth below.

                                                     BACKGROUND

                 Appellant pled nolo contendere to four counts, two counts of indecent assaults and two counts of

          insurance fraud. Written Nola Contendere Plea Colloquy,   ,s.   Both counts of indecent assault stem from

          numerous interactions he had as a treating psychologist with two patients. Both counts of insurance

                                                              1

IEJO   ORD OS

                                                                                                                           ®
     fraud arise from Appellant submitting insurance claims for professional quality psychotherapy treatment

     when the Appellant was actually engaged in inappropriate psychotherapy treatment with the patients

     including holding, touching, sexual contact, sexual acts, and sexualized behavior. Restitution was sought

     and awarded for Counts 3 and 9, insurance fraud, for $27,012 and $44,545 respectively.

                                                    DISCUSSION

         I. Length of Sentences

             In fashioning a sentence, the trial court must impose a term of confinement consistent with the

     protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it relates to the impact of the victim and to the

     community, and the rehabilitative needs of the defendant. Com v. Begley, 780 A.2d 605, 642-643 (Pa.

     2001). Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the sentencing judge, whose judgment

     will not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion. Com v. Miller, 835 A.2d 377, 380 (Pa. Super. 2003)

     (citing Com. v. Ritchey, 779 A.2d 1183, 1185 (Pa. Super. 2001)). When a sentence deviates from the

     guidelines, the court is required to provide a contemporaneous written statement of its reasons for doing

     so. See Com. v. Ritchey, 779 A.2d 1183, 1186 (Pa. Super. 2001 ). This requirement is satisfied when the

     court states its reasons for the sentence on the record and in the defendant's presence. Id. at 1186, 1887

     (citing Com. v. Smith, 534 A.2d 836, 838 (Pa. Super. 1987)). Courts must apply the guidelines unless the

     circumstances of the individual case require deviation, and in that situation where deviation is required

     the court must articulate sufficient reasons to justify this conclusion. Com v. Eby, 784 A.2d 204, 209

     (Pa. Super. 2001) As long as the trial court's reasons demonstrate that it weighed the Sentencing

      Guidelines with the facts of the crime and the defendant's character in a meaningful fashion, the court's

      sentence should not be disturbed. Begley; 780 A.2d at 643. When imposing sentence, a court is required

      to consider "the particular circumstances of the offense and the character of the defendant. Com. v.

      Munson, 615 A.2d 343, 345 (Pa. Super 1992) (quoting Com. v. Frazier, 500 A.2d 158, 159 (Pa. Super

                                                            2

mo   ORD OS
        1985). When a sentencing court has reviewed a presentence investigation report, we presume that the

       court properly considered and weighed all relevant factors in fashioning the defendant's sentence. Com

       v. Baker, 72 A.3d 652, 663 (Pa. Super. 2013).

               The Court stated the sentence would be imposed based on minimum amount of confinement

       consistent with the protection of the public, the gravity of the offense, and the rehabilitative needs of the

       defendant. Sentencing Tr. 38:14-18. The Court also stated it reviewed the Pre-Sentence Investigation

       Report and letters submitted on behalf of Appellant. Id. 38:19-24. The Court heard and considered

       statements from both counsels and from one of the victims. Id. 38:24-39:1. Finally, the Court considered

       the circumstances of the offenses, the defendant's character, defendant's education, and the guidelines

       and sentencing codes.

               Prior to sentencing , the Court reviewed the Pre-Sentencing Investigation Report which included

       the assessment by the Sexual Offenders Assessment Board, the Police Criminal Complaint, and several

       character letters supporting Appellant. Counsel for the Commonwealth called Corrine Scheumeman, a

       board member with the Pennsylvania Sexual Offender Assessment Board, as an expert witness to

       discuss the findings of the Sexual Offenders Assesment Board. Id. 10:22-14:23. During Ms.

        Scheumeman's testimony she discussed facts that were relevant for the Court's decision in imposing

        sentences within and above the aggravated range of the sentencing guidelines. First, Appellant's

       behavior demonstrates a mental abnormality, paraphilic disorder unspecified. Id. 16:11-24. This means

       that the individual experiences intense recurrent sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors

        regarding a particular target; that the engagement of those behaviors causes a significant impair to the

        individual in at least one important domain of life, and that the individual is at least 18 years old.

        Sentencing Tr. 38:19-24. Further, Appellant's victims were his own patients that he was treating as a

        licensed psychologist. Id. 17:19-18:2. Appellant's victims, as patients seeking psychotherapy treatment,

                                                               3

[RIO   ORD OS
        were at the top scale of vulnerability. Id. 18:3-22. Appellant abandoned clear professional ethics by

        sexually engaging with his clients. Id. 18:22-19:9. Appellant engaged in this conduct for 17 years and

        not only failed to stop on his own after reflection of his harmful and unethical behavior, but also isolated

        himself from other professionals and support people who told him he needed to stop. Id. 19:20-20:16.

        Ms. Scheumeman testified that Appellant was unable to accept that sexually abusing his own patients

        was morally, ethically, and professionally wrong despite teaching psychology and ethics courses.

        Sentencing Tr., 20:17-23:8. Ms. Scheumeman's opinion was that Appellant's behavior suggested he was

        more likely to offend in the future since he was unwilling to recognize the wrongfulness of his behavior.

        Id. 22:10-23:8. Further, Appellant's paraphilic behavior may wax and wane over the course of his

        lifetime, but once it is acquired, a paraphilic disorder is a lifetime disorder. Sexual Offenders

        Assessment Board Report, page 8.

               The Court also considered the testimony given by one of Appellant's victims, N.M., regarding

        how Appellant's sexual abuse impacted her. N.M. stated she became Appellant's patient in order to seek

        help recovering from childhood sexual abuse. Victim hnpact Statement, (herein "Vic. Imp. St"), 2:23-

        25. As part of the treatment to find a way to emotional well-being, N.M. confided in and trusted

        Appellent to handle her confidences with care, competence and respect. Id. 2:25-3:4. N.M. also testified

        that Appellant held himself out as a pastor at a local church. Id. 3:20-21. This means that Appellant held

        himself out as another type of person whom the victim should have been able to trust not to abuse her.

        N.M. stated the Appellant used her faith and vulnerability to continue an avenue of exploitation in order

        to imprison her emotionally for nearly two decades. Id. 4:3-12. Further Appellant utilized N.M.'s

        desperate desire to heal from her childhood sexual abuse and lead a healthy life. Vic. Imp. St. at 4:14-18.

        Appellant told N.M. that sexual contact with him was likely her last hope and only bridge to healing and

        to have healthy relationships. Id. 4: 19-21. Appellant perpetuated the cycle of abuse, asked N.M. to lie

                                                              4

!EIO   ORD OS
      about the abuse, and flew into rages in order to intimidate and control her. Id. 5:1-12. N.M.clearly stated

      Appellant used the agony of N.M. 's childhood abuse along with the terror of being abandoned to

      deliberately manipulate, dominate, violate, humiliate, and to use N.M .. Id 5:18-6:4. Due to Appellant's

      incompetence, arrogance, lack of insight, and abuse for seventeen years, N .M. lost the ability to seek

      competent care and had to seek further therapy not only for her childhood traumas but also for

      Appellant's abuse. Id 6:19-7:6. N.M. continues to struggle with the effects of Appellant's abuse

      including suffering from sleepless nights. Vic. Imp. St. at 7:7-14. When determining the sentence, the

      Court carefully considered the ongoing effects of Appellant's abuse along with the impact of the abuse

      on the victim at the time it occurred.

              It is also important to examine the allegations made by the other victim, AM, in this case. AM

      was a patient of Appellant from June 23, 2003 until March 1 2010. Police Criminal Compl., (herein

      "Pol. Crim. Compl.") at 8. After six months Appellant started "touching" therapy. Id. This "touching"

      therapy progressed to hugging, kissing, removal of clothing, and body to body contact. Id. at 9.

      Appellant would have AM grind against his erect penis. Id. Appellant would have AM give him

      massages during sessions. Id. After AM was sexually assaulted by someone else, Appellant had AM

      remove her jeans and proceeded to touched her genitals to provide a "safe healing touch". Pol. Crim.

      Compl. at 9. All of this occurred during her psychotherapy sessions, which Appellant billed AM' s

      insurance company, Highmark.

              After hearing the testimony of Ms. Scheumeman and N.M., the Court pronounced its sentence of

      1 to 2 years for each count of indecent assault and 6 to 12 months for each count of insurance fraud.

      Sentencing Tr. 40:4-1 O; 41: 8-9; 42: 11-15. The Court explained that it had gone outside the range on

      both indecent assault charges because

                                                           5

�O   ORD OS
                       "Defendant's action involved multiple victims. These victims who were seeking
                       professional and therapeutic help from the defendant who exploited both these
                       victims mentally and physically for long periods of time for the defendant's own
                       sexual urges. Defendant made no attempt to stop his behavior. Defendant took
                       victims who had been victimized and re-victimized for many years. And the Court
                       finds that the defendant would be a poor candidate for rehabilitation."

                Sentencing Tr. 41 :13-42:1. The fact that Appellant's actions involved multiple victims is evident

        in the Police Criminal Complaint which outlines the different actions Appellant took toward each victim

        individually. Pol. Crim. Compl. at 8-11. It was also evident that the victims were Appellant's patients

        seeking psychotherapy treatment. Id. It is also evident from the record that Appellant exploited his own

        patients mentally and physically for years. Id; Vic. Imp. St. 5: 18-6:4. Counsel for the Commonwealth

        also presented evidence that Appellant engaged in this conduct for 17 years and not only failed to stop

        on his own, but instead isolated himself from other professionals and support people who told him he

        needed to stop. Sentencing Tr. 19:20-20: 16. As stated above, the Appellant was supposed to be treating

        N .M. for childhood sexual abuse and instead used his knowledge of those various abuses in order to

        abuse her. Vic. Imp. St. 2:23-25; 5:18-6:4. Ms. Scheumeman testified that Appellant's behavior

        suggested he was more likely to offend in the future since he was unwilling to recognize the

        wrongfulness of his behavior. Sentencing Tr. 22:10-23:8. The Pre-Sentencing report also indicated that

        Appellant was likely to reoffend due to the nature of his paraphilic disorder. Sexual Offenders

        Assessment Board Report, page 8. The testimony and evidence supports the Court's finding that

        defendant would be a poor candidate for rehabilitation. The record clearly supported a finding of

        aggravated circumstances justifying the Court's sentences regarding the indecent assault counts.

                The Court opined that the sentences for the insurance fraud counts should be in the aggravated

        range since the defendant was financially compensated for his victimization of his patients. Id. 42:5-10.

        To reiterate the Court's sentencing opinion, the Appellant billed an insurance company for proper and

                                                             6

IRIO   ORD OS
        professional psychotherapy treatments when instead he was sexually abusing his patients for years. N.M.

        stated Appellant used her past childhood sexual abuse and her desire to heal as a tool to deliberately

        manipulate, dominate, violate, humiliate, and to use her. Vic. Imp. St. at 5:18-6:4. Ms.Scheumeman

        testified that Appellant's actions were morally, ethically, and professionally not acceptable. Sentencing

        Tr. at 20:17-23:8. Appellant was billing an insurance company for services for years that not only did

        not meet professional standards but also sexually traumatized patients he had a duty to aid as a health

        care professional. Consistent with the protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it relates to

        the impact of the victim and to the community, and the rehabilitative needs of the defendant, this Court

        found and continues to opine that an aggravated range for the counts of insurance fraud was just and

        within the Court's discretion.

           II. Restitution

               The second matter that the Appellant complains of on appeal is that this Court erred in imposing

        restitution amounts not adequately supported by the record. Upon conviction for any crime wherein

        property has been stolen, converted or otherwise unlawfully obtained, or its value substantially

        decreased as a direct result of the crime, or wherein the victim suffered personal injury directly resulting

        from the crime, the offender shall be sentenced to make restitution in addition to the punishment

        prescribed therefor. 18 Pa.C.S.A. §1106(a). It is clear under§ 1106(c) of the Crimes Code that a

        sentencing court must order restitution to the full extent of the victim's loss, regardless of the

        defendant's ability to pay. Com. v. Colon, 708 A.2d 1279, 1282 (Pa. Super. 1998) (emphasis added). An

        order of restitution is a sentence, and thus, the amount awarded is within the sound discretion of the trial

        court and must be supported by the record. Com v. Boone, 862 A.2d 639, 643 (Pa. Super. 2004).

        Restitution may be imposed only for those crimes to property or person where the victim suffered a loss

                                                               7

!RIO   ORD OS
        that flows from the conduct that forms the basis of the crime for which the defendant is convicted. Id.

        (citing Com. v. Dohner, 725 A.2d 822, 824 (Pa. Super. 1999).

                The Police Criminal Complaint outlines the billing for treatments for each victim. Pol. Crim.

        Compl. at 13. For the first victim, Appellant billed Highmark for a total of 318 times for "treatment

        sessions" ranging from January 3, 2008 to March 1, 2010. Id. During that time, the total amount paid by

        Highmark to Appellant for "sessions" with victim one was $27,012.00. Id. Victim one was a patient

        from June 23, 2003 to March 1, 2010. Id. at 8.The Police Criminal Complaint also states that

        inappropriate "holding" sessions started about six months after he commence treatment. Id. This means

        Appellant began using inappropriate psychotherapy treatments on or about December 23, 2003. This

        Court found that it must order restitution to the full extent of the Highmark's loss, $27,012.00, since

        these payments were made for proper psychotherapy treatments and the Appellants' actions were clearly

        inappropriate and did not constitute professionally approved psychotherapy.

                Appellant billed Highmark a total of 360 times for "treatment sessions" with victim two from

        January 4, 2008 to November 4, 2011. Pol. Crim. Compl. at 13. During this time, the total amount paid

        by Highrnark to Appellant for "sessions" with victim two was $44,545.00. Id. Victim two was a patient

        from July 9, 1994 to November 4, 2011. Id. at 10. The Police Criminal Complaint also states that in the

        last eight to nine years of sessions, Appellant progressed from a "holding therapy" to sexual contact with

        victim. Id. This means Appellant was engaging in sexual contact with his patient, an inappropriate form

        of psychotherapy, from sometime between November 4, 2002 and November 4, 2003 to November 4,

        2011. The requested restitution is for a period clearly within the time frame when Appellant began using

        inappropriate psychotherapy treatments while billing Highmark for appropriate and professionally

         acceptable treatments. This Court found that it must order restitution to the full extent of Highmark's

         loss, $44,545.00, since these payments represented insurance company's actual loss due to Appellant

                                                              8

ra:10   ORD OS
     wrongfully billing for proper treatments. Furthermore, all of this information was clearly part of the

     record when the Court made its decision concerning restitution as it was part of the Police Criminal

     Complaint which itself was included in the Pre-Sentence Investigation report.

         III. Amount of Fines

              The final matter complained on appeal is whether this Court erred in imposing a fine in addition

     to costs and substantial amounts of restitution when the record established that defendant was destitute

     and incapable of earning a livelihood. In determining the amount and method of payment of a fine, the

     court shall take into account the financial resources of the defendant and the nature of the burden that its

     payment will impose. 42 Pa. C.S.A. §9726(d). The court shall not sentence a defendant to pay a fine

     unless it appears of record that: (1) the defendant is or will be able to pay the fine and the fine will not

     prevent the defendant from making restitution or reparation to the victim of the crime. 42 Pa. C.S.A.

     §9726( c) ( emphasis added). Imposition of a fine is not precluded merely because the defendant cannot

     pay the fine immediately or because he cannot do so without difficulty. Com. v. Thomas, 879 A.2d 246,

     264 (Pa. Super. 2005).

              Appellant's indigence at the time of sentencing is not the only factor when considering the

     imposition of a fine. It is true that the court shall take into account the financial resources of a defendant

     and the nature of the burden that its payment will impose. 42 Pa. C.S.A. §9726(d). The Court recognizes

     that for someone in the Appellant's current financial situation, the amount of restitution and fines in this

     case might seem overwhelming. However, the Appellant is a highly educated individual with decades of

     professional experience and connections. While Appellant likely will never again work as a licensed

     psychologist there is no evidence before this Court to suggest Appellant is incapable of earning a living

     and will not be able to find gainful employment in the future. Just because the Appellant cannot pay at

                                                            9

!RIO ORD DS
        the time of sentencing does not preclude the imposition of a fine. See Thomas, 879 A.2d at 264.

        Therefore, this Court found that the imposition of a fine was proper as established on the record.

               For the reasons discussed above, the Court respectfully requests that its decision remain

        undisturbed.

               Date    1/.!JL1

                                                            10

[RIO   ORD OS