Court Opinion

ID: 9946875
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-01 17:11:34.162625+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:25:42.612198
License: Public Domain

J-A27015-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  IN THE INT. OF: D.R., A MINOR                :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
  APPEAL OF: D.R., A MINOR                     :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 225 MDA 2023

      Appeal from the Dispositional Order Entered November 28, 2022
  In the Court of Common Pleas of York County Juvenile Division at No(s):
                         CP-67-JV-0000571-2021

BEFORE:      LAZARUS, J., NICHOLS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                               FILED: MARCH 1, 2024

       D.R., a minor, appeals from the dispositional order, entered on

November 28, 2022, after the juvenile court adjudicated him delinquent for

committing one count each of criminal attempt–rape,1 involuntary deviate

sexual intercourse,2 criminal attempt–sexual assault,3 and indecent assault.4

D.R. challenges the weight of the evidence. After careful review, we affirm.

       On June 10, 2021, K.M. (born 2010), the victim, was playing basketball

with D.R. near D.R.’s home. After some time, K.M. went into D.R.’s home to

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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 901(a).

2 Id. at § 3123(a)(1).

3 Id. at § 901(a).

4 Id. at § 3126(a)(7).
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play video games. A.L., D.R.’s friend, was also in the home playing video

games.    When D.R. and K.M. were alone in a room, D.R. removed K.M.’s

clothes, pried open her mouth, and put her head on his penis. K.M. tried to

lift her head and leave, and was eventually able to turn her head away, at

which time D.R. pushed K.M. down on her stomach and attempted to put his

penis in her buttocks. At some point during the assault, A.L. entered the room

and yelled at D.R. to stop. K.M. was able to get away and ran home. Upon

arriving home, K.M. called her cousin and informed her about the incident with

D.R.

       The juvenile court held a factfinding/denial hearing on July 25, 2022,

during which K.M., A.L., Clara Roberti, forensic interviewer with the York

County Children’s Advocacy Center (CAC), and Detective Stephen Lebo from

the Northern York County Regional Police Department testified.           At the

conclusion of the hearing, the court determined, beyond a reasonable doubt,

that D.R. committed the above offenses. On November 28, 2022, the juvenile

court adjudicated D.R. delinquent and entered a dispositional order, placing

him in supervised placement.

       D.R. filed a timely post-dispositional motion, averring that the juvenile

court’s findings were against the weight of the evidence and that the court

erred adjudicating D.R. delinquent, which the juvenile court denied after a

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hearing on January 11, 2023.5 Subsequently, D.R. filed a timely notice of

appeal and court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal.6 D.R. raises the following issue for our review:

       Did the lower court abuse its discretion in rejecting D.R.’s
       challenge that the weight of the evidence was against his
       adjudications where the complaining witness’ testimony was
       substantially contradicted by another witness, her own prior
       statements were inconsistent in key respects, and the court’s
       resolution of these contradictions was largely based on the
       incorrect notion that they all concerned events preceding the
       alleged assault?
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5  A notice of appeal must be filed within 30 days of the entry of the order
being appealed. See Pa.R.A.P. 903(a). In a juvenile court case, if the juvenile
timely files a post-dispositional motion, the notice of appeal shall be filed
within 30 days of the entry of the order deciding the motion. See Pa.R.J.C.P.
620(B). A trial court has 30 days to decide a post-dispositional motion, and
if the court fails to decide the motion within that period, the motion is deemed
denied by operation of law. See Pa.R.J.C.P. 620(D). When the motion is
deemed denied by operation of law, the clerk of courts shall enter an order
deeming the motion denied on behalf of the trial court and serve copies on
the parties. See Pa.R.J.C.P. 620(D)(3). A notice of appeal must be filed
within 30 days of the entry of the order denying the motion by operation of
law. See Pa.R.J.C.P. 620(B)(2)(b).

Here, D.R. filed his post-dispositional motion on December 7, 2022.
Accordingly, the juvenile court had until January 6, 2023, to decide the
motion, otherwise it would be deemed denied by operation of law. The court
did not enter an order deciding the motion by January 6; however, the clerk
of courts also failed to enter an order deeming the motion denied on that date,
as required. Instead, the court held a hearing on the post-dispositional motion
on January 11, 2023, and entered an order the same day, denying the motion.
D.R. appealed within 30 days of that order. We have held that a court
breakdown occurs when the trial court clerk fails to enter an order deeming a
post-sentence motion denied by operation of law pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P.
720(B)(3)(c). See Commonwealth v. Patterson, 940 A.2d 493, 498-99
(Pa. Super. 2007). As a result, we deem D.R.’s appeal as timely filed.

6 The juvenile court granted D.R. an extension to file his Rule 1925(b)
statement, after which D.R. filed his statement by the extended deadline.

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Appellant’s Brief, at 5.   Specifically, D.R. contends that the contradictions

between the testimony of K.M. and A.L., as well as the inconsistencies

between K.M.’s testimony at the factfinding/denial hearing and her prior

statements when interviewed at the CAC, were such that the court improperly

weighed K.M.’s testimony when rendering its adjudication, and D.R.’s

adjudication and disposition should be vacated for a new factfinding/denial

hearing. Id. at 16.

      Our standard of review regarding weight of the evidence claims is well-

settled:

      The weight of the evidence is exclusively for the finder of fact[,]
      who is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to
      determine the credibility of witnesses. An appellate court cannot
      substitute its judgment for that of the finder of fact. Thus, we
      may only reverse the lower court’s verdict if it is so contrary to
      the evidence as to shock one’s sense of justice.

Commonwealth v. Small, 741 A.2d 666, 672 (Pa. 1999) (citations omitted).

See also Commonwealth v. Knox, 50 A.3d 732, 738 (Pa. Super. 2012) (“A

claim that the evidence presented at trial was contradictory . . . requires the

grant of a new trial only when the verdict is so contrary to the evidence as to

shock one’s sense of justice.”) (citation omitted).

      This Court applies the same standard for reviewing weight of the
      evidence claims in juvenile cases as [in] those involving adults.
      An allegation that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence
      is addressed to the discretion of the trial court. An appellate court,
      therefore, reviews the exercise of discretion, not the underlying
      question [of] whether the verdict is against the weight of the
      evidence.

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In re J.G., 145 A.3d 1179, 1187 (Pa. Super. 2016) (internal quotation marks

and citations omitted). See also Commonwealth v. Champney, 832 A.2d

403, 408 (Pa. 2003) (“[A]ppellate review is limited to whether the trial court

palpably abused its discretion in ruling on the weight claim.”).

       D.R. included his weight of the evidence claim in his post-dispositional

motion. The juvenile court denied that motion after a hearing on January 11,

2023, and addressed D.R.’s claim as follows:

       The [c]ourt acknowledged at the [fact-finding hearing] that there
       were discrepancies between the victim[’s] and the minor witness’s
       account of the events, however, the [c]ourt was able to reconcile
       those differences. Moreover, the differences related to what
       transpired before the act actually occurred. As a result, the
       [c]ourt determined that the victim was credible. Accordingly, the
       [c]ourt found [D.R.] to have committed the acts as alleged.

Order, 1/11/23, at 2-3. See also, N.T. Post-Dispositional Hearing, 1/11/23,

at 7. We, therefore, must determine whether the juvenile court abused its

discretion in rejecting D.R.’s claim.

       A review of the record reveals that there were inconsistencies between

K.M.’s testimony at the hearing and her prior statements during her interview

with Clara Roberti at the CAC, which were admitted as tender years

testimony.7 In particular, K.M. testified at the factfinding/denial hearing that

D.R. attempted to put his penis in her buttocks and that she “kind of” felt it,

see N.T. Fact Finding/Denial Hearing, 7/25/22, at 13, 23, but stated during

her CAC interview that D.R.’s penis did not touch any part of her body aside

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7 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5985.1.

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from her mouth.    See K.M. Forensic Interview, 8/23/21, at 20:00, 25:00-

26:00 (K.M. stating D.R. “made to put” his penis in her buttocks, but his penis

did not touch her body); N.T. Fact Finding/Denial Hearing, 7/25/22, at 23-25

(K.M. acknowledging on cross-examination she did not remember prior

statement that she did not feel D.R.’s penis on her body).

      There were also differences between K.M.’s testimony and A.L.’s

testimony. For example, K.M. testified that D.R. assaulted her in the living

room, whereas A.L. testified that the two were in D.R.’s bedroom. See N.T.

Fact Finding/Denial Hearing, 7/25/22, at 10-11, 19-20, 30-31, 34-36. Also,

K.M. testified that K.M., D.R., and A.L. had been playing video games together

and that the assault began when A.L. left to use the bathroom. Id. at 10, 18,

20-22. This was different from A.L.’s testimony, in which A.L. stated that he

had been playing video games in D.R.’s home alone after “chatting” with D.R.

and K.M. in the living room and D.R.’s bedroom. Id. at 34-35. However, A.L.

also testified that he heard K.M. say “no” and “stop, stop, stop” before going

to D.R.’s room to intervene. Id. at 29-30. A.L. testified that, upon entering

D.R.’s room, he “saw movement under the blanket” and “grabbed [D.R.’s]

legs and pulled and . . . [saw] clothes on the floor,” and did not know what to

do, so he left the room. Id. at 38.

      While there were some inconsistencies and differences in K.M.’s

testimony at the factfinding/denial hearing, compared to her CAC interview

and A.L.’s testimony, any conflicts or contradictions in K.M.’s testimony were

for the juvenile court to resolve. See In the Interest of C.S., 63 A.3d 351,

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357 (Pa. Super. 2013) (“Conflicts in the evidence and contradictions in the

testimony of any witnesses are for the fact finder to resolve.”); see also

Small, supra.     As highlighted above, the juvenile court recognized the

discrepancies in K.M.’s testimony but was able to reconcile those discrepancies

and found K.M. to be credible. See Order, 1/11/23, at 2-3.

      After review of the record and the juvenile court’s adjudication, we

cannot say that the juvenile court’s determination is so contrary to the

evidence as to shock one’s sense of justice. See Small, supra; Knox, supra.

Moreover, this Court will not reweigh the evidence or substitute our own

judgment for that of the factfinder. See In re J.G., supra; see also In re

T.G., 836 A.2d 1003, 1005 (Pa. Super. 2003). Therefore, we conclude that

the juvenile court did not abuse its discretion when it concluded that the

verdict was not against the weight of the evidence. See In re J.G., supra.

As such, we affirm the juvenile court’s dispositional order.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Benjamin D. Kohler, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 03/01/2024

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