Court Opinion

ID: 4462741
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-12-10 15:09:30.452455+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:53.612994
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Fiocca v. AIM Energy, L.L.C., 2019-Ohio-5044.]

             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                            SEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                 CARROLL COUNTY

                                        JOHN M. FIOCCA,

                                         Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                                    v.

                                  AIM ENERGY, LLC ET AL.,

                                     Defendants-Appellees.

                       OPINION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                        Case No. 19 CA 0930

                                    Civil Appeal from the
                        Court of Common Pleas of Carroll County, Ohio
                                   Case No.14CVH27890

                                         BEFORE:
                 Gene Donofrio, Cheryl L. Waite, David A. D’Apolito, Judges.

                                             JUDGMENT:
                                               Affirmed.

 Atty. Robert Tschool, Atty. James Mathews, 400 South Main Street, North Canton,
 Ohio 44720, for Plaintiff-Appellant, and

 Atty. William Taylor, Atty. Scott Eickelberger, Atty. Ryan Linn, Kincaid, Taylor and
 Geyer, 50 North Fourth Street, P.O. Box 1030, Zanesville, Ohio 43702, for
 Defendants-Appellees.
                                                                                       –2–

                                       Dated:
                                   December 6, 2019

 DONOFRIO, J.

      {¶1}   Plaintiff-appellant, John Fiocca, appeals from a Carroll County Common
Pleas Court judgment granting summary judgment in favor of defendants-appellees, AIM
Energy, LLC, John Miller, and Steven Nicholson, on appellant’s action seeking a
declaratory judgment that certain oil and gas leases cancelled due to the lack of
production in paying quantities.
      {¶2}   This case involves two oil and gas leases encumbering 126 acres of
property in Orange Township in Carroll County (the Property). Appellant is the surface
owner of the Property. Appellant also owns a one-third interest in the mineral rights.
Defendant Cravat Coal (Cravat) owns the other two-thirds interest in the mineral rights.
      {¶3}   Appellant’s and Cravat’s predecessors in interest entered into oil and gas
leases in 1978. The “Tope Lease” was dated May 13, 1978. The “Conotton Lease” was
dated May 15, 1978. The lessee of both leases was L&M Associates, Inc., which is
appellees’ predecessor in interest. The Leases stated:

      Both the Tope Lease and the Conotton Lease are to continue in force and
      the rights granted hereunder be quietly enjoyed by the Lessee for a term of
      1 year and so much longer thereafter as oil or gas or their constituents shall
      be found on the premises in paying quantities in the judgment of the Lessee
      or as the premises shall be operated by the Lessee in the search for oil
      and/or gas.

(Tope Lease ¶ 3; Conotton Lease ¶ 3). At issue in this appeal are certain later provisions
that appear in the Leases.
      {¶4}   The Tope Lease contains a provision stating:

             NOT WITHSTANDING any language as aforesaid set forth the
      parties hereto agree as follows:

Case No. 19 CA 0930
                                                                                                    –3–

                19. Within one year after the completion of the first well drilled on
        subject lease a second well must be commenced or all land leased
        hereunder shall revert to the lessor save and except the 40 acres
        immediately surrounding the first well. Thense [sic.] at least one well per
        year must be drilled until all acreage leased hereunder is utilized and any
        unused acreage shall revert to the lessor save and except forty acres
        surrounding drilled wells.

(Tope Lease ¶ 19).
        {¶5}    The Conotton Lease similarly provides:

        1. Notwithstanding any language to the contrary contained in the printed
            lease form, it is agreed and understood that the lessee must drill two (2)
            wells per year for oil and/or gas to maintain this lease in full force and
            effect under the penalty of forfeiting all acreage under the lease which
            has not been “earned” earlier.
        2. “Earned acreage”, as used herein, shall mean that each well drilled shall
            cause forty (40) acres generally surrounding a well, but to be selected
            by the lessee, to be placed in the category of the extended term of the
            lease as shown in paragraph 3 of the lease form.

(Conotton Lease Exhibit A, ¶ 1-2).
        {¶6}    On June 20, 2014, appellant filed an action for declaratory judgment and to
quiet title to the oil and gas rights. Appellant sought to have the Leases declared void ab
initio.1 Alternatively, he sought to have the Leases cancelled asserting the wells on the
Property are not producing in paying quantities and that appellees have failed to fully
develop the Property.
        {¶7}    Cravat filed a cross claim also seeking to quiet title to the oil and gas rights.
The case proceeded for some time as parties and claims were added and dismissed and
certain counsel was disqualified.

1 Appellant’s claim that the Leases were void ab initio was rendered meritless by the Ohio Supreme Court’s
judgment in State ex rel. Claugus Family Farm, L.P. v. Seventh Dist. Court of Appeals, 145 Ohio St.3d 180,
2016-Ohio-178, 47 N.E.3d 836. This matter proceeded solely on the remaining claims.

Case No. 19 CA 0930
                                                                                       –4–

         {¶8}   On November 30, 2018, appellees filed a motion for summary judgment.
They alleged no genuine issues of material fact existed and that the uncontroverted
evidence demonstrated that the Leases were held by production of oil and gas in paying
quantities. Appellant filed a memorandum in opposition arguing that appellees were
unable to prove that each of the four separate wells on the Property was producing oil
and gas in paying quantities so as to continue the Leases. Appellant also argued that the
modifications to the Leases was such that each well could only hold the Lease for the 40
acres surrounding each particular well as opposed to holding the Lease for the entire 126
acres.
         {¶9}   The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of appellees.           It
determined that all four wells were producing in paying quantities. The court noted that
because of the common metering system and common tank battery, it could not
determine the actual production rates for each individual well. The court noted that neither
Lease required separate metering. The court found that appellant presented no evidence
to demonstrate that a specific well was not producing. It found that the only evidence
demonstrated that the wells were producing in paying quantities in accordance with the
terms of the Leases. The court pointed to the production reports, which demonstrated
production each year from 1984 through 2018. It also noted that a schedule of net
revenue covering all four wells showed that the wells made a profit from 2007 through
2018. The court based its determination on the evidence of the amount of gas produced
and the fact that appellant has continuously received royalty checks. Additionally, the
court found there was no implied covenant to develop the land, citing provisions in both
Leases that no covenants were to be read into the Leases.
         {¶10} Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal on February 25, 2019. He now
raises two assignments of error.
         {¶11} An appellate court reviews a summary judgment ruling de novo. Comer v.
Risko, 106 Ohio St.3d 185, 2005-Ohio-4559, 833 N.E.2d 712, ¶ 8. Thus, we shall apply
the same test as the trial court in determining whether summary judgment was proper.
         {¶12} A court may grant summary judgment only when (1) no genuine issue of
material fact exists; (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and
(3) the evidence can only produce a finding that is contrary to the non-moving party.

Case No. 19 CA 0930
                                                                                      –5–

Mercer v. Halmbacher, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27799, 2015-Ohio-4167, ¶ 8; Civ.R. 56(C).
The initial burden is on the party moving for summary judgment to demonstrate the
absence of a genuine issue of material fact as to the essential elements of the case with
evidence of the type listed in Civ.R. 56(C). Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292, 662
N.E.2d 264 (1996). If the moving party meets its burden, the burden shifts to the non-
moving party to set forth specific facts to show that there is a genuine issue of material
fact. Id.; Civ.R. 56(E). “Trial courts should award summary judgment with caution, being
careful to resolve doubts and construe evidence in favor of the nonmoving party.” Welco
Industries, Inc. v. Applied Cos., 67 Ohio St.3d 344, 346, 617 N.E.2d 1129 (1993).
       {¶13} Appellant’s first assignment of error states:

               THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR BY IGNORING THE
       TYPEWRITTEN ADDITIONS TO THE LEASE.

       {¶14} Appellant asserts that paragraph 19 in the Tope Lease specifies what
acreage may be held by oil and gas production under the Lease. He contends that the
intent expressed in paragraph 19 is that each well required to be drilled can only hold the
40 acres surrounding that particular well. Therefore, the first well could only hold the
Tope Lease as to the 40 acres surrounding it. Likewise, appellant argues, the second
well, then the third, then the fourth, could only hold the 40 acres surrounding each
particular well.
       {¶15} Appellant’s argument suggests that the Tope Lease contain a “Pugh
clause.” A “Pugh clause” is meant to protect the lessor of mineral rights from a situation
where a large tract of land is held under the lease by way of oil or gas production on a
very small portion of the land. Summitcrest, Inc. v. Eric Petroleum Corp., 7th Dist.
Columbiana No. 12 CO 0055, 2016-Ohio-888, ¶ 30. A Pugh clause is used to maintain
the lease only as to that part of the lease acreage actually producing. Id. It severs
producing acreage from non-producing acreage, even though leased lands are normally
considered indivisible. Id.
       {¶16} We need not determine whether Paragraph 19 of the Tope Lease
constituted a Pugh clause, however. The summary judgment evidence demonstrated
that all terms of Paragraph 19 were met so that none of the acreage reverted to appellant.

Case No. 19 CA 0930
                                                                                       –6–

       {¶17} To their summary judgment motion, appellees attached the affidavit of
appellee Steven Nicholson, who is a member of appellee AIM Energy, which is the
operator of the Tope and Conotton Leases. Nicholson averred that AIM operates four
wells on the property covered by the Leases. (Nicholson Aff. ¶ 4). Nicholson attached a
copy of the plat of the wells. (Nicholson Aff. Ex. C). The plat shows four wells, each
located in a different fourth of appellant’s 126-acre plot of land. (Nicholson Aff. Ex. C).
Nicholson averred that the four wells were drilled according to the schedules contained
in the Tope and Conotton Leases and that all of the acreage was earned and placed in
the category of the extended terms of the Leases. (Nicholson Aff. ¶ 5).
       {¶18} Appellant did not submit any evidence to the contrary. Thus, because
appellees also met the requirement of “production in paying quantities,” which is
addressed in appellant’s second assignment of error, the trial court did not err in granting
summary judgment in their favor.
       {¶19} Accordingly, appellant’s first assignment of error is without merit and is
overruled.
       {¶20} Appellant’s second assignment of error states:

              THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT COMMON
       METERING SATISFIED PRODUCTION IN PAYING QUANTITIES FOR
       ALL THE WELLS.

       {¶21} Here appellant contends the trial court should not have found that common
metering was sufficient to determine that the wells were producing in paying quantities in
order to hold the Tope and Conotton Leases. He claims this court has found that common
metering cannot hold multiple wells for the purpose of production in paying quantities.
Appellant cites to Lang v. Weiss Drilling Co., 7th Dist. Monroe No. 15 MO 0005, 2016-
Ohio-8213.
       {¶22} In Lang, in addressing the appellants’ argument that the trial court erred in
failing to recognize that common metering is an accepted practice for measuring oil and
gas production, this court stated:

Case No. 19 CA 0930
                                                                                          –7–

         [The appellants] presented evidence that common metering can be an
         accepted practice by some oil and gas companies for purposes of their
         internal records and paying royalties. But just because this practice is
         accepted by some oil and gas companies does not mean that the trial court
         had to accept it in this case as a valid means to measure production for
         purposes of whether a well is producing paying quantities of gas. It is
         reasonable for the court to require a more accurate method of measuring
         gas production. The court must be able to quantify production from the
         particular well at issue. It should not be required to guesstimate the amount
         of gas attributable to the well in question when the party responsible for the
         metering has chosen to use a common meter for multiple wells as opposed
         to individual meters for each well.

Id. at ¶ 43.
         {¶23} Appellant contends the trial court’s judgment here is in direct contradiction
with this court’s findings in Lang. He claims the trial court placed the burden of proof on
him to demonstrate each well was not producing under the common meter. Instead,
appellant asserts, the court should have required appellees to prove that each well was
producing in paying quantities. He claims the common metering system did not meet this
burden. Appellant argues that with the common metering system, neither the court nor
the parties could ascertain specific production form each of the four wells.
         {¶24} In Lang, we did not hold that common metering can never be considered in
a paying quantities analysis. Instead, we found that the trial court was free to require a
more accurate method of measuring oil and gas production. We further found that the
trial court should be able to determine production from the well at issue instead of
guesstimating how much oil and gas from a common meter is attributable to the well at
issue.
         {¶25} Moreover, this case contains a different set of facts than Lang. In Lang, the
trial court had to determine whether a single well, which ran through a common meter
with two to five other wells, was producing in paying quantities so as to hold the lease at
issue. But in this case all four wells that run through the common meter go to the Tope
and Conotton Leases and surrounding property. No other wells run through that common

Case No. 19 CA 0930
                                                                                      –8–

meter as was the case in Lang. In this case, it is irrelevant if the production is coming
from one well of the four wells or all four wells. In either instance, the Leases are being
held. Thus, the common metering is not an issue here.
       {¶26} Appellant contends that paragraph 19 of the Tope Lease and exhibit A of
the Conotton Lease require production in paying quantities from each individual well in
order to hold the 40 acres surrounding each well. Appellant misconstrues the Leases,
however.
       {¶27} Both the Tope and Conotton Leases provide that they will continue for a
term of one year and then “so much longer thereafter as oil or gas or their constituents
shall be found on the premises in paying quantities in the judgment of the Lessee or as
the premises shall be operated by the Lessee in the search for oil and/or gas.” (Tope
Lease ¶ 3; Conotton Lease ¶ 3; Emphasis added). Nowhere in this habendum clause
does it specify that the oil and gas in paying quantities must come from any particular
number of wells. The Leases only require that oil and gas are found on the premises in
paying quantities.
       {¶28} Moreover, paragraph 19 of the Tope Lease sets out when wells are to be
drilled on the Property and under what circumstances acreage will revert to the lessor.
Nowhere in this provision is the requirement of production in paying quantities mentioned.
Likewise, exhibit A of the Conotton Lease provides how many wells must be drilled in
order to maintain the Lease and to avoid acreage reverting to the lessor. Again, nowhere
in this provision is there any mention of production in paying quantities.
       {¶29} We will not read terms into the Leases that do not exist. Because neither
paragraph 19 of the Tope Lease nor exhibit A of the Conotton Lease require production
in paying quantities from each well drilled on the Property in order to hold its respective
lease, we must conclude that the trial court correctly interpreted the Leases.
       {¶30} Furthermore, appellees submitted undisputed evidence that the wells on the
Property, though common metered with each other, have been producing oil and gas in
paying quantities. Nicholson averred that appellant has been receiving and cashing
royalty checks and only stopped cashing the checks upon commencing this action.
(Nicholson Aff. ¶ 8). Nicholson also attached copies of the Ohio Department of Natural
Resources Well Summaries Production reports for all four wells from 1984 through 2017.

Case No. 19 CA 0930
                                                                                    –9–

(Nicholson Aff. ¶ 5, Exs. D, E, F, G). And Nicholson attached a copy of the Schedule of
Net Revenue for the Tope Lease, which set out royalties paid and revenue earned.
(Nicholson Aff. ¶ 9, Ex. H). All evidence demonstrated production in paying quantities.
Appellant did not present any evidence to contradict appellees’ evidence.
       {¶31} Because no genuine issues of material fact exist, the trial court properly
granted summary judgment in favor of appellees.
       {¶32} Accordingly, appellant’s second assignment of error is without merit and is
overruled.
       {¶33} For the reasons stated above, the trial court’s judgment is hereby affirmed.

Waite, P. J., concurs.

D’Apolito, J., concurs.

Case No. 19 CA 0930
[Cite as Fiocca v. AIM Energy, L.L.C., 2019-Ohio-5044.]

         For the reasons stated in the Opinion rendered herein, the assignments of error
 are overruled and it is the final judgment and order of this Court that the judgment of
 the Court of Common Pleas of Carroll County, Ohio, is affirmed. Costs to be taxed
 against the Appellant.

         A certified copy of this opinion and judgment entry shall constitute the mandate
 in this case pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. It is ordered that
 a certified copy be sent by the clerk to the trial court to carry this judgment into
 execution.

                                       NOTICE TO COUNSEL

         This document constitutes a final judgment entry.