Court Opinion

ID: 6813424
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-23 18:57:39.833193+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:44:54.855608
License: Public Domain

Sims, J.,
dissenting:
My understanding of the contention of the defendant in error is that the four sons of decedent, on whose motion the *170plaintiff in error, M. H. Tompkins, was appointed administrator with the will annexed, were not entitled to any share of the personal estate for the reason that all of the real estate was devised to them which was an advancement to them, and exceeded in value their share of the whole estate; that because they were not entitled to any share of the personal estate, they were not interested therein, and were not “distributees” of the decedent within the meaning of section 2639 of the Code of Virginia; and that, therefore, they were not entitled to administer themselves, and, hence, were not entitled to designate any other person to be appointed in their stead, under such statute.
The question thus raised, whether, in addition to being of the class that ordinarily takes under the statute of distribution a share of the personal estate, a person must also in fact take a share in such estate as distributee, in order to come within the meaning of section 2639 so as to be a “distributee,” is, I think, an open question in Virginia.
I cannot agree with the view expressed in the above opinion that the case of Smith v. Lurty, 107 Va. 548, 59 S. E. 403, construes section 2637—or section 2639—of the Code to mean that one having no beneficial interest in the estate is a “distributee” within the meaning of these sections. That question was not involved in that case so far as I can discover. On the contrary, the court therein, in referring to the “brothers and sisters” of the decedent whose designee the court held entitled to qualify, stated: “They were interested in the decedent’s estate, were clearly within the meaning of the statute and the court did not err in granting letters of administration to the person designated by them, under the facts of the case.” (Italics mine.) ”
And in the instant case this question is not involved because the widow and daughters, who were distributees having in fact a beneficial interest in the personal estate also, subsequently to his qualification, designated M. H. Tompkins as the person they wished to administer on the estate.
*171The question presented to this court for decision in the instant case, as I understand it, is—
1. What is the right of a distributee, who is beneficially interested in the personal estate of the decedent, with respect to grant to him of administration upon his applying therefor, after administration has been granted to a designee of other distributees alike beneficially interested in such estate?
Section 2637 of the Code of Virginia places the case of qualification of an administrator c. t. a. on the same footing quoad the persons entitled to qualify as an administrator of an intestate — i. e., as fixed by section 2639.
Section 2639 is as follows:
“Administration shall be granted to the distributees who apply therefor, preferring first the husband or wife, and then such of the others entitled to distribution as the court or clerk may think fit. But any of said distributees may at any time waive their right to qualify in favor of any other person to be designated by them. If no distributee apply for administration within thirty days from the death of the intestate, the court or clerk may grant administration to one or more of the creditors or to any other person.” (Words in italics added to the statute by Acts 1902-3-4, p. 594.)
Section 2640 is, so far as relevant, as follows: * * if after administration is granted to a creditor or other person than a distributee, any distributee who shall not have before refused shall apply for administration, there may be * * * grant of administration after reasonable notice to such creditor or other person in like -manner as if the former grant had not been made and the said former grant shall thereupon cease.”
Sections 2639 and 2640 should be construed together.
*172Section 2639 expressly provides that only in case “no distributee apply for administration within thirty days from the death of the intestate” can the court or clerk grant administration to “any other person” than a distributee.
Section 2640 provides expressly that in case of grant of administration to “any other person,” if thereafter “any distributee * * * shall apply, there may be * * * grant of administration * * * in like manner as if the former grant had not been made and the said former grant shall thereupon cease.”
It seems to me that section 2639 gives to each and all of the distributees mentioned therein whom the court or clerk may think fit the right, in turn, to apply for grant of administration — first the husband or wife, and after them all of such others as are “entitled to distribution.”
It seems to me that the right of a designee under the statute to qualify, by the plain terms of the statute law itself, is, as provided by section 2639, upon condition that “no distributee apply for administration within thirty days from the death of the intestate,” and, as provided by section 2640, upon condition that if after administration has been granted to him “any distributee who shall not have before refused shall apply for administration,” there “may be grant of administration” to any such distributee “in like manner as if the former grant had not been made and the said former grant shall thereupon cease.”
It is true that under the amendment to section 2639 above italicised, “any distributees may at any time waive their right to qualify in favor of any other person to be designated by them”; but clearly they can waive only their own right, and not that of other distributees. Therefore, in a contest between a distributee who has not waived such right (being also thought by the clerk or court to be a “fit” person) and “any other person,” (although the latter may *173be a “designee” as above defined), for grant of administration, this amendment seems to have no application.
It will be noted that the amendment under consideration was incorporated into the body of section 2639; that it uses the language "any other person” in the amendment itself as descriptive of a designee in whose favor any distributees may waive their right to qualify; which very language, to-wit, “any other person,” is used in the subsequent portion of section 2639 as descriptive of those other than distributees who may be permitted to qualify in a certain event, namely, under section 2639, “any other person”- than a distributee may be permitted to qualify only in the event that no distributee apply for administration within thirty days from the death of the intestate; and as descriptive of those other than distributees whose qualification, after it has been granted, must give way in favor of any distributee applying for grant of administration, namely, under section 2640, in the event that after administration is granted to any other person than a distributee, any distributee who shall not have before refused shall apply for administration. I cannot escape the conviction that the legislature used the language “any other person” with the same meaning in the different places in which it occurs in sections 2639 and 2640, or must be held by the courts to have done so. I think the proper rule for courts to pursue is to let the legislature speak for itself, when the language of a statute as enacted is clear, and that no construction ought to be allowed against its plain meaning, unless the consequences are such as to contravene a paramount law, or are repugnant to common reason or natural equity. Commonwealth v. Gaines, 2 Va. Cas. (4 Va.) 172. See to same effect Ryan v. Krise, 89 Va. 729, 17 S. E. 128; Price v. Harrison, 31 Gratt. (72 Va.) 114, 117-8; Johnson v. Mann, 77 Va. 265. The same rule holds in reference to the inquiry as to what falls within the equity of a statute. As said by Burks, J., in the *174case of Price v. Harrison, supra, where there was an amendment of a statute by the insertion of certain new language:
“Where the language is free from ambiguity and the intention is plainly manifested by it, there is no room for construction. The general rule is that a legislative act should be read according to the ordinary and grammatical sense of the words. * * *
“It was observed by Lord Tenterden that ‘there is always danger in giving effect to what is called the equity of a statute; it is much safer and better to rely on and abide by the plain words, although the legislature may have provided for other cases, had their attention been directed to them.’ 6 B. & C. 474.”
Hence, while it is true that the amendment of section 2639 above referred to brings within the operation of such statute a new class of persons, in addition to “class 2,” and in addition to “class 1”, referred to in the opinion above, namely, designees of distributees, the statute itself does not give to such designees all of the rights of distributees. It is true that, looking alone to the interest of designees, the equity of the statute would seem to call for the designee of distributees being allowed to occupy the same position in all respects as the distributees who waive their right to qualify in favor of such designees, and it may be that the legislature would have so provided had their attention been directed to the qualified rights given designees of distributees by the incorporation of the amendment in the body of section 2639 and by the use of the language which was used; on the other hand, it may be that the legislature might not have been willing to so provide. Clearly, the statute itself as amended does not in terms go that far.
Again: Under this statute, section 2639, and also under section 2640, we see that all distributees mentioned therein whom the court or clerk may think fit are given the rights above referred to with respect to applying themselves for *175grant of administration and of designating “any other person” in whose favor they waive their right to qualify. A proper construction of these statutes, or of either of them, requires, therefore, that we must not lose sight of but look also to the interest of a distributee applying for grant of administration. To give the meaning to the statute contended for in favor of designees, would destroy the rights of other distributees, who have not waived their rights in favor of any designee, given such distributees by the express terms of the statute in both sections under consideration.
It is true that “the statute contemplates a possible preference in favor of suitable distributees in the order in which they apply for appointment and that to the diligent in such instance, as in others, the maxim “Qui prior est tempore, prior est ñire,” applies, as between distributees; but as to “any other person,” the statute itself expressly sets apart a time, sufficiently brief, in which the minds of those concerned may be left undisturbed by the need for haste in turning from paying a decent respect to the memory of the dead to litigation over his estate, before any one other than a distributee shall be allowed to qualify on the estate.
In the case before us another person than a distributee • qualified within three days after the death of the intestate. This circumstance, while of no determining importance with regard to the question we have under consideration, demonstrates the wisdom of the statute in effect forbidding any qualification of “any other person” than a distributee before the expiration of such thirty day limit. The qualification of distributees within this limit is permitted out of necessity since the exigencies of the situation of the estate may require it in some cases, and the distributees in the nature of things know each other and their fitness to administer upon the estate. But as to “any other person,” the designee of one or more distributees, it would not be *176reasonable to assume that all distributees would be informed as to his fitness for the trust, and it would not be in consonance with the policy of the statute in giving the thirty day rest period to require that all distributees should be on the alert during such period to inform themselves in regard to such fitness of other persons than distributees who might chance to be designated by other distributees, and that all distributees should keep themselves in readiness for urging such non-fitness of any such designees or making application in person for grant of administration, before the clerk or court, from the very instant of the death of the intestate, under pain of losing their own right of designating some person to qualify or of later applying for qualification themselves — rights expressly given them by statute.
In the case before us, M. H. Tompkins, first allowed to qualify as administrator with the will annexed, in addition to being the designee of the four younger sons of the decedent, was the subsequent designee of the widow and daughter of the decedent, but was not himself a distributee of the estate. After such administration was granted, Lewis Poff, a son and distributee of the estate and beneficially interested therein, applied for grant of administration, and by the order of court complained of was appointed administrator, and the former grant of administration to Tompkins was vacated. I think this was in accordance with the statute law of the State on the subject, and that the action of the court below should be affirmed.
Reversed.