Court Opinion

ID: 4344525
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-26 19:34:05.302519+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:29.792720
License: Public Domain

J-S69040-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    SHANE MATTHEW REASNER                      :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 464 MDA 2018

           Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence November 14, 2017
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-21-CR-0003340-2015

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and MURRAY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.:                           FILED NOVEMBER 26, 2018

        Shane Matthew Reasner (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of

sentence imposed after he pled guilty to theft by unlawful taking.1 Appellant

claims that the amount of restitution is excessive. Upon review, we affirm.

        Appellant was charged with stealing two bicycles – one on June 30,

2015, and one on July 1, 2015 – from the yard of Krista Greene (victim). The

affidavit of probable cause attached to the police criminal complaint described

the two bicycles as a Specialized Hot Rock, valued at $100, and a Schwinn,

valued at $75. Affidavit of Probable Cause, 10/6/15.

        On October 18, 2017, Appellant entered a guilty plea to one count of

theft by unlawful taking. That same day, the victim provided the following

____________________________________________

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3921(a).
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description of the bicycles:

       24” Mongoose Ravage mountain bike, lime green, 21-speed.
       Approximate value $150.

       Schwinn QGF01-01 Road Touring bike, red, 26”, 24-speed with
       Shimano derailer system. This is a vintage bike and is currently
       selling for $750 on eBay and other vintage bike web sites.

Commonwealth’s Exhibit 1 (Email from victim, 10/18/17), Post-Sentence

Hearing Exhibits, 2/13/18. With regard to the first bicycle, the victim attached

a listing for a similar Mongoose Ravage bicycle from the Toys-R-Us website,

priced at $149.99; for the second bicycle, the victim attached a copy of an

online eBay listing for a used Schwinn bicycle of the same model number,

priced at $649.00.        Appellant’s written plea colloquy stated a restitution

amount of $900, with the notation: “Defense will contest by filing post-

sentence motion.” Plea, 10/18/17.

       On November 14, 2017, the trial court sentenced Appellant to two years

of probation.2       With respect to restitution, Appellant argued that the

Commonwealth’s request for $750 for the Schwinn bicycle was excessive,

where: (1) three local bicycle shops had provided estimates to the

investigating police officer that the bicycle was worth $75 to $100;3 and (2)

____________________________________________

2At the same hearing, the trial court also sentenced Appellant in two unrelated
criminal cases.

3On appeal, Appellant references the same evidence, citing a “supplemental
narrative” to the Upper Allen Township Police Incident Report. Appellant’s
Brief at 19 n.24. We note, however, that this “supplemental narrative” is not
part of the certified record.

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an eBay listing was not reliable for determining the fair retail value of an item.

N.T., 11/14/17, at 3-4. The Commonwealth responded that the court should

impose the $750 amount as requested by the victim, “[n]otwithstanding

[Appellant’s] ability to file a motion to contest the amount.” Id. at 4. The

trial court agreed, id. at 5 (“We need a hearing.”), and imposed restitution of

$900.

        Appellant filed a timely post-sentence motion challenging the amount of

restitution.   The trial court conducted a hearing on February 13, 2018, at

which the victim and Appellant both testified. The victim stated that both of

the bicycles had just been tuned up, “were in perfect working condition,” and

had been placed along her driveway approximately 40 feet from the road.

N.T., 2/13/18, at 5, 9. The smaller bicycle was 6 to 7 years old and was used

by the victim’s daughter.    Id. at 8-9. The victim stated that the Schwinn

bicycle was approximately 15 years old and had a “24-gear Shimano gear,”

which “had 3 more speeds” than the usual 21 gears and was no longer

manufactured.     Id. at 9-10.    The victim thus described the bicycle as a

“collectible.” Id. at 5. On cross-examination, the victim testified that she did

not obtain estimates from local bicycle shops “[b]ecause of the time

[involved]” and because she was “frustrated [by] the whole situation.” Id. at

11. She stated that “[i]t would have been just as difficult for [bicycle shops]

to look it up through their resources than for [her] to do it on [her] own.” Id.

at 12. The victim also testified that the Schwinn bicycle had a water bottle

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holder, water bottle, custom contour seat, and Promax brakes, but — unlike

the bicycle in the eBay listing — did not have a front or rear basket, cargo

pack, insulated cooler, front halogen or rear electric lights, or a lock cable.

Id. at 12-13.

      Appellant denied that the bicycles were located 40 feet from the road,

and testified instead that they were “right by the road” next to two trash cans.

N.T., 2/13/18, at 17. Appellant stated that at approximately 7:00 or 8:00

p.m., while it was “still very light out,” he walked by the victim’s house, still

“had a long walk to go,” “saw [the] two bikes and thought, why not.” Id. He

saw that one bicycle was missing a seat and rode the other one away. Id. at

17.   However, according to Appellant, the chain repeatedly popped off,

requiring him to fix it. Id. at 18. At 3:00 or 4:00 a.m. the next morning, he

took the second bicycle from the victim’s yard. Id. Appellant testified that

because it did not have a seat, he rode it standing up. Id. Appellant stated

that he left one bicycle in the woods and could not remember what he did with

the other bicycle. Id. at 19.

      In closing, Appellant argued that the $650 estimate for the Schwinn

bicycle was excessive, and that the eBay listing should not be given much

weight, where that bicycle had $1,400 worth of accessories that the victim’s

bicycle did not have. Appellant reiterated that in any event, an eBay listing

was not a reliable source for the value of any item, and asserted that $300 to

$400 was an appropriate restitution amount for the Schwinn bicycle.          The

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Commonwealth responded that the victim credibly testified that it would cost

her $650 to replace the stolen Schwinn, which had a special gear system.

N.T., 2/13/18, at 22-23.

       The court found the victim to be “entirely credible,” and found

Appellant’s “explanation of his disposition of the stolen property, the recovery

of which would have obviated the need for a calculation of the amount of

restitution,” to lack credibility.       See Trial Court Opinion, 4/11/18, at 5

(footnote omitted). Nevertheless, the court granted Appellant’s post-sentence

motion to the extent it reduced the amount of restitution to $800.

       Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal and complied with the court’s

order to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement.4 Appellant presents a single issue

for our review:

       DID THE TRIAL COURT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION IN ORDERING
       RESTITUTION FOR WHICH THE AMOUNT WAS SUPPORTED ON
       THE RECORD BY A COMBINATION OF EBAY AND A TOYS-R-US
       WEBSITE LISTINGS, NEITHER BEING AN APPROPRIATE NOR
       ACCURATE MEASURE OF THE VALUE OF THE TWO BICYCLES AT
       ISSUE, THE AMOUNT OF RESTITUTION THUS BEING
       SPECULATIVE AND EXCESSIVE?

Appellant’s Brief at 7.

       Appellant avers that the trial court abused its discretion in imposing an

excessive amount of restitution. He contends that the victim misrepresented

____________________________________________

4This Court initially dismissed the appeal for Appellant’s failure to file a brief,
but then granted Appellant’s application to reinstate the appeal. See Superior
Court Order, 7/25/18; Superior Court Order, 8/2/18.

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the type, age, and condition of the stolen bicycles. In support, he points out

that with respect to the smaller bicycle, the description at the time of the theft

(a Specialized Hot Rock) differed from the victim’s description at the plea and

post-sentence hearings (a Mongoose Ravage Mountain bicycle).             He also

emphasizes that the Toys-R-Us listing presented by the victim was for a new

bicycle, whereas the stolen bicycle was approximately 8 years old.           With

regard to the larger Schwinn bicycle, Appellant relies on the bicycle shop

estimates of $75 to $100 allegedly provided to the investigating police officer.

Appellant also maintains that the victim researched the value of her stolen

bicycles “with barest minimal effort” and admitted that she did not know

whether the seller from the eBay listing was a bicycle dealer or an individual.

Appellant’s Brief at 23. Appellant cites an unreported Superior Court decision,

Commonwealth v. Bidek, 1029 WDA 2011 (unpublished memorandum) (Pa.

Super. Feb. 22, 2013), for the proposition that “one cannot simply compare a

seller on eBay to a reputable . . . dealer.”     Id. at 22.    Finally, Appellant

reiterates that the bicycle listed on eBay had accessories that the victim’s

bicycle did not have.

      This Court has stated:

      In the context of criminal proceedings, an order of restitution is
      not simply an award of damages, but, rather, a sentence. An
      appeal from an order of restitution based upon a claim that a
      restitution order is unsupported by the record challenges the
      legality, rather than the discretionary aspects, of sentencing. The
      determination as to whether the trial court imposed an illegal
      sentence is a question of law; our standard of review in cases
      dealing with questions of law is plenary.

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Commonwealth v. Atanasio, 997 A.2d 1181, 1182-1183 (Pa. Super. 2010)

(quotation marks and citations omitted); see also Commonwealth v. Hall,

80 A.3d 1204, 1211 (Pa. 2013) (“[Q]uestions implicating the trial court’s

power to impose restitution concern the legality of the sentence.”). But see

Commonwealth v. Pappas, 845 A.2d 829, 842 (Pa. Super. 2004) (“[A]

substantial question is raised when an appellant argues that sentence of

restitution is not supported by the record.”).

      This Court has also explained:

      Restitution . . . is not a fine, but is an “equitable remedy under
      which a person is restored to his or her original position prior to
      loss or injury; [it is the] restoration of anything to its rightful
      owner [or] the act of making good or giving equivalent for any
      loss, damage or injury.” BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1313 (6th ed.
      1990). Restitution, by definition, as it relates to property damage,
      can be made by either the return of the original property or the
      payment of money necessary to replace, or to repair, the
      damage to the property.

Commonwealth v. Genovese, 675 A.2d 331, 333 (Pa. Super. 1996)

(emphasis added).

      Instantly, Appellant’s restitution issue goes to the weight of the

evidence:

      [I]t is well settled that the Court cannot substitute its judgment
      for that of the trier of fact. Further, the finder of fact was free to
      believe the testimony of certain of the Commonwealth’s witnesses
      and to disbelieve the testimony of another. “[I]t is for the fact-
      finder to make credibility determinations, and the finder of fact
      may believe all, part, or none of a witness’s testimony.”

Commonwealth v. Gibbs, 981 A.2d 274, 282 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citations

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omitted). Appellant’s arguments as to the amount of restitution were heard

and rejected by the trial court. Furthermore, Appellant disregards that the

trial court credited the victim’s testimony, including her testimony that her

bicycle had a desirable gear system that was no longer manufactured. See

Trial Court Opinion, 4/11/18, at 2, 5; N.T. 2/13/18, at 10.         Appellant’s

argument on appeal would require this Court to disregard the trial court’s

credibility findings and reweigh the evidence in his favor.     This is not our

function.      Finally, we are not persuaded by Appellant’s reliance on an

unpublished decision of this Court. See Commonwealth v. Houck, 102 A.3d

443, 454 n.3 (Pa. Super. 2014) (“[U]npublished memorandum decisions of

this Court lack precedential value beyond law of case as to parties directly

involved.”).    We emphasize that in this case, the trial court believed the

victim’s testimony about the value of the bicycles, and accepted the Toys-R-

Us and eBay listings as indicative of the victim’s cost to replace the bicycles.

Genovese, 675 A.2d at 333. Accordingly, the record supports the trial court’s

imposition of $800 in restitution.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/26/2018

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