Court Opinion

ID: 9383539
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-30 17:00:38.215641+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:46.038084
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                    MAR 30 2023
                                                                     MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                      U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MICHAEL DENTON,                                  No.   22-35290

                  Plaintiff-Appellant,           D.C. No. 3:18-cv-05017-BHS

     v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
TIM THRASHER, et al.,

                  Defendants-Appellees.

                     Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Western District of Washington,
                     Benjamin H. Settle, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted February 14, 2023**
                                Seattle, Washington

Before: PAEZ and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges, and LIBURDI,*** District Judge.

          Washington state prisoner Michael Denton appeals the dismissal of his

complaint for federal civil rights violations asserted under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.

Denton’s complaint alleged that Washington State Correctional Facility (“WSCF”)

*
 This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as
provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
  The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
   The Honorable Michael T. Liburdi, United States District Judge for the District
of Arizona, sitting by designation.
officials failed to provide him with adequate mental health treatment in violation of

the Eighth Amendment. The district court dismissed the complaint for failure to

exhaust administrative remedies following an evidentiary hearing on that issue.

Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we do not repeat them here.

      We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the district court’s

legal rulings on exhaustion de novo and accept factual findings unless they are

clearly erroneous. Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162, 1171 (9th Cir. 2014) (en banc).

We may affirm on any basis supported by the record. Enlow v. Salem-Keizer Yellow

Cab Co., 389 F.3d 802, 811 (9th Cir. 2004). We affirm.

      Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”), a prisoner may not bring

an action “with respect to prison conditions . . . until such administrative remedies

as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). A prisoner may be excused

from the exhaustion requirement if limited circumstances exist under which

administrative remedies are effectively unavailable. Ross v. Blake, 578 U.S. 632,

644–46 (2016).

      The district court properly dismissed Denton’s complaint because he failed to

pursue his underlying grievance beyond the first level of administrative review and

failed to present evidence to establish that administrative remedies were effectively

unavailable to him. See Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 90 (2006) (explaining that

the PLRA requires “proper exhaustion,” which means “using all steps the agency

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holds out, and doing so properly” (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)).

      Denton argues that the district court erred in finding that he failed to exhaust

available administrative remedies because he was never informed of Lieutenant

Long’s decision to treat the grievance as non-emergent. The district court found that

Long informed Denton of his decision to treat the grievance as non-emergent within

an hour of its submission. The district court also found that Denton filed this suit

while his grievance remained pending on the routine grievance timeline.

      Those findings are not clearly erroneous in view of the evidence and testimony

before the district court. An observation log indicates that Denton’s first grievance

was fully transcribed at 12:30 a.m. on January 1; Long spoke to Denton at 1:15 a.m.;

and WSCF staff “filed emer. grievance” at 2:15 a.m. The district court reasonably

reconciled this timeline to find that the emergency grievance was forwarded to Long

before Long spoke with Denton at 1:15 a.m. and that the grievance was then

submitted for further processing at 2:15 a.m. the same day.1 Denton’s grievance also

1
  Denton argues that the observation log does not support the district court’s finding
that Long discussed the grievance during the 1:15 a.m. cell visit. Instead, the
observation log notes that Long met with Denton to discuss “restraint bed
placement.” The district court reasonably inferred that Long discussed the grievance
with Denton during the 1:15 a.m. cell visit because the record does not supply any
other explanation for Long to be in Denton’s cell at that time. As noted by the
magistrate judge in his report and recommendation, when an emergency grievance
is filed and the grievance coordinator is not available, it is sent to a shift lieutenant
or other designee for a determination of whether it should be treated as emergent or
routine. At the time he submitted the grievance, Denton was housed in the South
Complex and was overseen by Shift Lieutenant Moore, not Long. Moore was named

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supports the district court’s findings, because the nature of it appears largely related

to staff misconduct, not a medical emergency. On the grievance, Long noted that the

grievance was considered non-emergent and would be submitted for routine review.

Albino, 747 F.3d at 1171 (“On appeal, we will review the judge’s legal rulings on

exhaustion de novo, but we will accept the judge’s factual findings on disputed

issues of material fact unless they are clearly erroneous.”).

      Neither does the record support Denton’s argument that his testimony was

discounted because he is an inmate. The district court was presented with two

competing versions of events and reasonably chose to credit Long’s testimony over

Denton’s based on the totality of the above evidence, the fact that Denton was in the

midst of a mental health crisis on the night in question, and Denton’s and Long’s

respective demeanors while testifying.

      The WSCF grievance policy allows the grievance office five business days to

respond to non-emergent grievances. Denton filed this lawsuit on January 3, just two

days after submitting his grievance. Denton thus did not complete all required steps

of WSCF’s grievance process, rendering the grievance unexhausted. He has also not

met his burden to show that the failure to exhaust should be excused because an

in the grievance, however, so it was forwarded to Long for review. Denton does not
dispute this or attempt to explain why Long would otherwise be visiting an inmate
outside of his assigned unit only to discuss restraint bed placement.

                                           4
appeal was not “available” within the meaning of the PLRA. See Ross, 578 U.S. at

640–46.

      AFFIRMED.

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