Court Opinion

ID: 1047419
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 02:45:32.710165+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:53:27.500018
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                           AT KNOXVILLE
                                  May 4, 2011 Session

     CAROLYN L. DENTON-PRELETZ, ET AL. v. SUSAN L. DENTON

              Appeal from the Chancery Court for Cumberland County
                 No. 2008-CH-126 Ronald Thurman, Chancellor

            No. E2010-01756-COA-R3-CV-FILED-NOVEMBER 8, 2011

This appeal concerns a note executed by Robert Denton (“Husband”) and Susan L. Denton
(“Wife”) and payable to Husband’s sister, Carolyn L. Denton-Preletz (“Lender”). When
Lender sought recovery of the note, Wife denied liability and filed a motion for summary
judgment, asserting that the statute of limitations for recovery of the note had passed. The
trial court granted the motion and dismissed the case as it related to Wife. Lender filed a
motion to alter or amend the order and a motion to amend the complaint, which were denied.
Lender appeals. We affirm the decision of the trial court.

      Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court
                            Affirmed; Case Remanded

J OHN W. M CC LARTY, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which C HARLES D. S USANO,
J R., and D. M ICHAEL S WINEY, JJ., joined.

Robert L. Barr, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, and D. Brent Gray, Jacksboro, Tennessee, for the
appellants, Carolyn L. Denton-Preletz and Carolyn L. Denton-Preletz, as Trustee of the
Carolyn L. Preletz, Living Trust.

Joe M. Looney, Crossville, Tennessee, for the appellee, Susan L. Denton.

                                        OPINION

                                   I. BACKGROUND

      Lender agreed to loan Husband and Wife (collectively the “Borrowers”) $309,000.
On October 24, 1986, Borrowers executed a note evidencing the loan. The note provided,
       For value received, the undersigned promise to pay to the order of [Lender]
       [t]he sum of [$309,000], with interest at the rate of [8 percent] per annum; said
       principal and interest shall be payable as follows: Payments will be made at the
       rate of $12,000 annually following the retirement of the FHA obligation.

       All installments of principal and interest are payable in lawful money of the
       United States at Crossville, Tennessee, or at such place as the holder of this
       note may designate.

       If default should be made in the payment of this note when due, or if any
       installment payment under this note should be in default for as much as 365
       days, the entire principal sum and accrued interest shall be, at once, due and
       payable without notice at the option of the holder of this note. Failure to
       exercise this option shall not constitute a waiver of the right to exercise the
       same in the event of any subsequent default. In the event of default in the
       payment of this note, and if the note is collected by an attorney at law, the
       undersigned agree to pay all costs of collection, including a reasonable
       attorney’s fee.

       The makers and endorsers severally waive presentment, protest, and demand,
       notice of protest, demand and dishonor and nonpayment of this note, and
       expressly agree that this note, or any payment thereunder, may be extended
       from time to time without in any way affecting [the] liability of the makers and
       endorsers hereof.

       This note is secured by a trust conveyance of even date herewith.

The “FHA obligation” referred to the Borrowers’ execution of a deed of trust to the Farmers
Home Administration on December 7, 1979. The deed was not attached to the note. The
maturity date of the FHA obligation was December 7, 1999. The Borrowers satisfied the
FHA obligation in 1991 but failed to inform Lender that the obligation had been fulfilled.

        In February 2007, Lender asked Husband when the FHA obligation would be fulfilled.
Husband told Lender that the obligation had been fulfilled, and Lender demanded payment.
Husband eventually agreed that the note was due and payable, but Wife refused payment.
Lender filed suit on May 28, 2008, claiming that the Borrowers had breached their contract
by failing to remit payment when the FHA obligation was fulfilled, that she did not know the
terms of the FHA obligation, that she believed the FHA obligation remained unpaid, and that
she relied on the Borrowers’ representations. Husband provided an affidavit for Lender,
acknowledging that the “FHA obligation was satisfied early and did not go to term” and that

                                              -2-
he and Wife “forgot to inform” Lender. An agreed judgment was entered against Husband
for $861,589.40, including the principal amount of the note, interest, and attorney fees.

       Following the filing of Lender’s complaint, Wife again denied liability on the note.
Wife alleged that the complaint failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted,
that the debt had been forgiven, and that Lender was barred from recovery on the note
because the applicable statute of limitations had passed and because of the equitable doctrine
of laches. Wife filed a motion for summary judgment, asserting that there were no genuine
issues of material fact. She said the note did not “state a final maturity date” and would
“never pay out because the annual accrual of interest exceed[ed] the annual payment called
for.” She opined that the note was a demand note, that the applicable statute of limitations
was ten years, and that demand for payment should have been made in 1996. She stated that
no payments had been made and that no demand for payment was made prior to 2007. She
claimed recovery on the note was barred by the statute of limitations.

        Lender conceded that the note was a demand note and that the applicable statute of
limitations was ten years. She alleged that the earliest date she could have demanded
payment was December 7, 1999, the maturity date of the FHA obligation, and that the statute
of limitations did not begin to run until that date. She said that it would have been
“disingenuous, if not fraudulent,” for the Borrowers to prepare a note that precluded demand
for payment until after the passing of the statute of limitations. She claimed that summary
judgment was inappropriate because the facts of the case required application of the
discovery rule, necessitating a factual determination regarding whether she made a timely
demand for payment. She claimed that Wife could not assert a statute of limitations defense
because by failing to inform her that the FHA obligation had been fulfilled, Wife did not
meet the implied contractual obligation of good faith and fair dealing.

        Following a hearing, the trial court granted Wife’s motion for summary judgment and
dismissed the case as it related to Wife. The court found that the note was a demand note and
that the applicable statute of limitations was ten years pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated
section 47-3-118(b). The court further found that the FHA obligation was satisfied in 1991.
The court held that the discovery rule did not apply because evidence of the satisfaction of
the FHA obligation was filed in Cumberland County, providing notice “to all of the world
of their contents” pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 66-26-102. The court
dismissed the case, further holding that there was “no genuine issue of any material fact and
that [Wife was] entitled to a judgment of dismissal as a matter of law.”

       Shortly thereafter, Lender filed a motion to alter or amend the order dismissing the
case, alleging that the court improperly granted summary judgment following its erroneous
reliance on Tennessee Code Annotated section 66-26-102. She claimed that she should not

                                             -3-
have been bound by a “duty to search land records on a continual basis for an event that
might trigger a subsequent duty to act.” She claimed that the discovery rule applied to her
case, requiring a weighing of the evidence and precluding summary judgment. She asserted
that the recording of the satisfaction of the FHA obligation was “a factor to be considered
when determining the reasonableness of [her] conduct” under the discovery rule.

       After hiring new counsel, Lender filed a motion to amend her complaint. She asserted
that Husband’s reaffirmation of the debt and Wife’s fraudulent misleading of Lender tolled
the statute of limitations. Lender said she asked family members about the Borrowers’
financial condition “repeatedly and directly” and was told “they were not doing well.”
Lender claimed the Borrowers accepted expensive gifts and travel, leading her to believe that
“they were financially inept and unable to provide for themselves.” She asserted that the
Borrowers knew she relied on their trustworthiness because she lived across the country and
would not be able to check whether the FHA obligation had been fulfilled.

        Wife responded to the motion to alter or amend the order by asserting that Lender had
attempted to “reargue” the same issues. She believed the statute of limitations could not be
tolled because Lender had agreed at the hearing on the motion for summary judgment that
there were no allegations of fraud or misrepresentation. She opined that the discovery rule
did not apply because Lender failed to exercise reasonable care and diligence in determining
when the obligation had been fulfilled and because application of the rule would be
inconsistent with the statute of limitations applicable to demand notes. She claimed that
application of Tennessee Code Annotated section 66-26-102 was merely one item the court
took into account in granting the motion for summary judgment.

       Wife responded to the motion to amend the complaint by asserting that the motion was
untimely and raised issues that had not been suggested in prior pleadings but that were
discoverable prior to the filing of the initial complaint. She claimed that the issues raised in
the motion were also contradictory to the positions taken by Lender in prior pleadings and
hearings and that the doctrine of judicial estoppel should prevent Lender from raising those
issues. She said that the reaffirmation of the debt occurred 18 months prior to the filing of
the motion. Wife asserted that Lender’s attorney “conceded and stipulated” at the hearing
on the motion for summary judgment “that there was no suggestion that [Wife] had at
anytime engaged in any fraud or misrepresentation [] or that [Wife] had fraudulently
concealed the running of the statute of limitations.”

       Lender’s prior attorney subsequently filed an affidavit in which he stated,

       To the best of my knowledge, recollection, and belief no stipulation as to the
       issue of fraud was made. As there was no allegation raised in the pleadings

                                              -4-
       that we filed that [Wife] had engaged in fraud or misrepresentation or that
       affirmative action to conceal the running of the statute of limitations was
       taken, I, as [Lender’s] counsel, do not recall having specifically addressed the
       same.

Shortly thereafter, Lender’s attorney filed another affidavit. He said Lender was not present
at the hearing on the motion for summary judgment. He had “no specific recollection” of the
discussion of fraud but said that if the court inquired on that issue, he “would have responded
that [he] had not alleged fraud as a cause of action at that juncture.” He asserted that he had
engaged in “minimal discovery” prior to the hearing and that “all issues and theories are
rarely known until all discovery is completed.” Relative to whether he provided a stipulation,
he said, “I state definitively that no such stipulation was ever made, nor was one
contemplated. Any such stipulation would have been made in writing or, at a minimum,
made on the record.” He further stated, “At no time would I or anyone from my firm, to my
knowledge, enter into such a stipulation that would effectively dismiss a possible issue at
such an early stage of the proceedings in the absence of further discovery.”

        Following arguments of counsel, the trial court denied the motion to alter or amend
the order and the motion to amend the complaint. Relative to the complaint, the court found
that “in answer to a specific inquiry by the [c]ourt,” Lender’s counsel had “represented that
fraud and misrepresentation were not issues in the case[] and that [Lender] made no
allegation of fraud and misrepresentation.” The court held that Lender’s attempts to “raise
the issues of fraud and misrepresentation [were] foreclosed.” This appeal followed.

                                         II. ISSUES

       We restate and consolidate Lender’s issues on appeal as follows:

       A. Whether the trial court erred in granting the motion for summary judgment
       after finding that Lender’s suit was time-barred.

       B. Whether the trial court erred in denying Lender’s motion to alter or amend
       the court’s order of summary judgment.

       C. Whether the trial court erred in denying Lender’s motion to amend the
       complaint after summary judgment had been granted.

                                              -5-
                             III. STANDARD OF REVIEW

       On appeal, the factual findings of the trial court are accorded a presumption of
correctness and will not be overturned unless the evidence preponderates against them. See
Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). The trial court’s conclusions of law are subject to a de novo review
with no presumption of correctness. Blackburn v. Blackburn, 270 S.W.3d 42, 47 (Tenn.
2008); Union Carbide Corp. v. Huddleston, 854 S.W.2d 87, 91 (Tenn. 1993). Mixed
questions of law and fact are reviewed de novo with no presumption of correctness; however,
appellate courts have “great latitude to determine whether findings as to mixed questions of
fact and law made by the trial court are sustained by probative evidence on appeal.” Aaron
v. Aaron, 909 S.W.2d 408, 410 (Tenn. 1995).

                                     IV. DISCUSSION

                                              A.

        Lender contends that the court erred in granting summary judgment because there
were genuine issues of material fact. Lender asserts that the trial court improperly relied on
Tennessee Code Annotated section 66-26-102 and that pursuant to the discovery rule, the
statute of limitations did not begin to run until she became aware that the FHA obligation had
been fulfilled. Wife responds that the trial court did not err in granting the motion for
summary judgment. She asserts that the court could not apply the discovery rule because
Lender was not delayed or deterred from demanding payment when the satisfaction of the
condition precedent was documented in public records and when she could have asked the
Borrowers whether the condition had been fulfilled.

        Summary judgment is appropriate where: (1) there is no genuine issue with regard to
the material facts relevant to the claim or defense contained in the motion and (2) the moving
party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law on the undisputed facts. Tenn. R. Civ. P.
56.04. A properly supported motion for summary judgment “must either (1) affirmatively
negate an essential element of the nonmoving party’s claim; or (2) show that the nonmoving
party cannot prove an essential element of the claim at trial.” Hannan v. Alltel Publ’g Co.,
270 S.W.3d 1, 9 (Tenn. 2008). When the moving party has made a properly supported
motion, the “burden of production then shifts to the nonmoving party to show that a genuine
issue of material fact exists.” Id. at 5; see Robinson v. Omer, 952 S.W.2d 423, 426 (Tenn.
1997); Byrd v. Hall, 847 S.W.2d 208, 215 (Tenn. 1993). The nonmoving party may not
simply rest upon the pleadings but must offer proof by affidavits or other discovery materials
to show that there is a genuine issue for trial. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.06. If the nonmoving party
“does not so respond, summary judgment, if appropriate, shall be entered.” Tenn. R. Civ.
P. 56.06.

                                              -6-
        On appeal, this court reviews a trial court’s grant of summary judgment de novo with
no presumption of correctness. See City of Tullahoma v. Bedford County, 938 S.W.2d 408,
412 (Tenn. 1997). In reviewing the trial court’s decision, we must view all of the evidence
in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party and resolve all factual inferences in the
nonmoving party’s favor. Luther v. Compton, 5 S.W.3d 635, 639 (Tenn. 1999); Muhlheim
v. Knox. County Bd. of Educ., 2 S.W.3d 927, 929 (Tenn. 1999). If the undisputed facts
support only one conclusion, then the court’s summary judgment will be upheld because the
moving party was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See White v. Lawrence, 975
S.W.2d 525, 529 (Tenn. 1998); McCall v. Wilder, 913 S.W.2d 150, 153 (Tenn. 1995).

       The applicable statute of limitations for demand notes is ten years when no demand
for payment is made and when “neither principal nor interest on the note has been paid for
a continuous period of ten (10) years.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-3-118(b). Additionally,
actions on demand notes must be “commenced within ten (10) years after the cause of action
accrued.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-109(c).

       The note was executed on October 24, 1986, and Lender did not demand payment
until 2007. The complaint on the note was not filed until May 28, 2008. The terms of the
note provided that payment should be remitted when the FHA obligation was fulfilled. We
believe the cause of action accrued in 1991, when the condition precedent was fulfilled.
Thus, Lender’s claim was barred because she waited 16 years from that date to inquire about
the obligation and demand payment and because no payments of principal or interest were
made for a continuous period of 10 years.

       Lender asserts that the discovery rule should be applied to her case to toll the statute
of limitations. She believes that the statute of limitations should run from 2007, the time in
which she learned that the obligation had been fulfilled. We, like the trial court, believe that
application of the discovery rule to this case was unwarranted. The discovery rule applies
“only in cases where the plaintiff does not discover and reasonably could not be expected to
discover that he [or she] has a right of action.” Hoffman v. Hospital Affiliates, Inc., 652
S.W.2d 341, 344 (Tenn. 1983). “Furthermore, the statute is tolled only during the period
when the plaintiff has no knowledge at all that a wrong has occurred, and, as a reasonable
person is not put on inquiry.” Id. When applying the discovery rule, determining “[w]hether
the plaintiff exercised reasonable care and diligence in discovering the injury or wrong is
usually a fact question for the jury to determine.” Wyatt v. A-Best, Co., Inc., 910 S.W.2d 851,
854 (Tenn. 1995); see McIntosh v. Blanton, 164 S.W.3d 584, 586 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2004).
Nevertheless, if undisputed facts show “that no reasonable trier of fact could conclude that
a plaintiff did not know, or in the exercise of reasonable care and diligence should not have
known, that he or she was injured as a result of defendant’s wrongful conduct, Tennessee
case law has established that judgment on the pleadings or dismissal of the complaint is

                                              -7-
appropriate.” See Schmank v. Sonic Auto., Inc., No. E2007-01857-COA-R3-CV, 2008 WL
2078076, at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. May 16, 2008) (citations omitted).

         Records indicating the FHA obligation had been fulfilled were filed in the county
register’s office, providing some form of notice to Lender that the obligation had been
fulfilled. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-26-102; see also Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-24-101(a)(9).
We acknowledge that Lender did not live in Tennessee and that it would be cumbersome for
Lender to continually check the records of the register’s office in Tennessee to ascertain
when the FHA obligation had been fulfilled. See generally Hutchison v. Estate of Nunn ex
rel. Ozier, No. W2004-00578-COA-R3-CV, 2004 WL 3048970, at *5 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec.
30, 2004). However, at the very least, Lender should have inquired about the FHA obligation
at the time the note was executed.1 Instead, Lender waited 21 years to inquire about the note
and 22 years to bring a cause of action on the note. Given these facts, the discovery rule
cannot be applied to Lender’s case because she failed to exercise reasonable care and
diligence in discovering her injury, namely the failure of the Borrowers to remit payment
according to the terms of the note.

       Lender asserts that she delayed demand on the note because of the Borrowers’
representations. Absent allegations of fraud, her reliance on the Borrowers’ representations
was not enough to obviate her duty to exercise reasonable care and diligence in discovering
her injury. Lender used the Borrowers’ representations as the basis for her allegations of
fraud that were included in the motion to amend the complaint but stopped short of alleging
fraud in the initial complaint or in response to Wife’s motion for summary judgment. At the
hearing on the motion for summary judgment, the trial court inquired as to whether Lender
was asserting fraud as a defense to the statute of limitations. While counsel’s response on
Lender’s behalf at that hearing is a source of contention in this appeal, counsel admitted that
they had not raised fraud as an issue at that point in the case.

        Following Wife’s properly supported motion for summary judgment, Lender bore the
burden of production “to show that a genuine issue of material fact exist[ed].” Hannan, 270
S.W.3d at 5; see Robinson, 952 S.W.2d at 426; Byrd, 847 S.W.2d at 215. Lender simply
failed to carry that burden. If Lender had raised allegations of fraud at the hearing on the
motion for summary judgment, she would have raised a material question of fact, precluding
summary judgment. See Pero’s Steak and Spaghetti House v. Lee, 90 S.W.3d 614, 625
(Tenn. 2002); Benton v. Snyder, 825 S.W.2d 409, 414 (Tenn. 1992). Accordingly, we

1
 We recognize that the terms of the FHA obligation provided a maturity date of December 7, 1999, several
years after the obligation was actually fulfilled. If Lender had inquired about these terms, she would have
been able to demand payment within ten years of the accrual of the cause of action, thereby complying with
the applicable statute of limitations.
                                                   -8-
conclude that the trial court did not err in granting the motion for summary judgment because
no genuine issues of material fact existed at that time.

                                              B.

        Lender contends that the court erred in failing to reverse the order dismissing the case
because the court’s application of Tennessee Code Annotated section 66-26-102 was
erroneous and because the discovery rule tolled the statute of limitations. Lender asserts that
when allegations of fraud were raised, the trial court should have allowed her to conduct
discovery on the issue. Wife responds that the trial court did not err in applying the statute
because the satisfaction of the condition precedent was not inherently undiscoverable. Wife
asserts that the doctrine of judicial estoppel precluded the court’s consideration of fraud and
that the alleged fraud occurred before the complaint was filed and was discoverable.

        A party may file a motion to alter or amend a judgment within 30 days after the entry
of the judgment. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 59.04. This court reviews a trial court’s decision to deny
a motion to alter or amend a judgment under an abuse of discretion standard. Stovall v.
Clarke, 113 S.W.3d 715, 721 (Tenn. 2003). “The purpose of a Rule 59.04 motion to alter
or amend a judgment is to provide the trial court with an opportunity to correct errors before
the judgment becomes final.” In re M.L.D., 182 S.W.3d 890, 895 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2005).
These motions should “be granted when the controlling law changes before the judgment
becomes final; when previously unavailable evidence becomes available; or to correct a clear
error of law or to prevent injustice.” Id. These motions “should not be used to present new,
previously untried or unasserted theories or legal arguments.” Id. If new evidence is raised
in a motion to alter or amend a grant of summary judgment, the court should consider “the
moving party’s effort to obtain the evidence in responding to the summary judgment; the
importance of the new evidence to the moving party’s case; the moving party’s explanation
for failing to offer the evidence in responding to the summary judgment; the unfair prejudice
to the non-moving party; and any other relevant consideration.” Stovall, 113 S.W.3d at 721
(citing Harris v. Chern, 33 S.W.3d 741, 744 (Tenn. 2000)).

        The arguments regarding the application of Tennessee Code Annotated section 66-26-
102 and the rejection of the discovery rule did not raise any new issues but were merely
objections to the trial court’s reasoning contained in the order granting summary judgment.
While Lender may disagree with the court’s application of the notice statute and the court’s
rejection of the discovery rule, the trial court did not apply an incorrect legal standard in
reaching either decision. Additionally, we affirmed the court’s grant of summary judgment.
See generally Stovall, 113 S.W.3d at 723 (concluding that reversal of a court’s grant of
summary judgment necessarily required reversal of that court’s denial of a motion to alter or

                                              -9-
amend the grant of summary judgment). Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did
not err in denying the motion to alter or amend on these grounds.

        The allegations of fraud and Husband’s revival of the debt were not raised in the
motion to alter or amend the order dismissing the case but were raised in the motion to
amend the complaint. Argument on both motions was considered simultaneously and
rejected in the same order. Thus, we will consider these arguments as they relate to the
motion to alter or amend the order. These arguments had not been raised in the complaint
or at the hearing on the motion for summary judgment; thus, Lender presented new evidence
for the court’s consideration.

        Relative to the allegations of fraud, Lender asserts that Wife had an implied duty to
disclose that the condition precedent had been satisfied and that once this issue was raised,
the court should have considered the evidence and determined that factual issues remained,
precluding summary judgment. Lender’s argument on this issue may have prevailed at the
hearing on the motion for summary judgment but is without merit at this point in the case.
Likewise, Lender’s assertion that the court erroneously relied on counsel’s alleged stipulation
that fraud was not raised is equally without merit. Whether counsel stipulated that fraud was
not an issue in response to the court’s questioning is of no importance at this point in the
case. At issue is whether the evidence regarding fraud and Husband’s revival of the debt was
discoverable prior to the hearing on the motion for summary judgment because a motion to
alter or amend a court’s order should not raise evidence that was available prior to the court’s
ruling, absent a satisfactory reason. Id. at 721. The evidence regarding fraud was available
but was not raised as an allegation of fraud. Additionally, Husband’s alleged act of revival
of the debt occurred prior to the court’s hearing on the motion for summary judgment. In
support of her argument regarding Husband’s alleged revival of the debt, Lender points to
Husband’s affidavits that were filed prior to the hearing on the motion for summary
judgment. Thus, this evidence was also available.

       Lender offers no reason as to why these arguments were not submitted to the court
once the motion for summary judgment had been filed other than to say that only minimal
discovery had been completed at that point in the case. As stated previously, Lender bore the
burden of production to show that a genuine issue of material fact existed once Wife filed
a properly supported motion for summary judgment. Lender should have raised the
allegations of fraud and Husband’s alleged revival of the debt at that point in the case
because these allegations were readily discoverable and extremely important to her case.
Parties have been “admonished repeatedly that [those] facing a summary judgment motion
cannot rest on the mere allegations or denials in their pleadings but rather must respond with
appropriate evidentiary materials demonstrating that there is a genuine issue for trial.”
Bradley v. McLeod, 984 S.W.2d 929, 932 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998), overruled on other grounds

                                              -10-
by Harris, 33 S.W.3d at 744. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err in
denying the motion to alter or amend the order on these grounds because Lender failed to
submit a valid reason as to why these allegations were not presented when they were
discoverable and available prior to the hearing on the motion for summary judgment.

                                              C.

       Lender contends that the trial court erred in denying her motion to amend the
complaint, which alleged that Wife’s fraudulent concealment of the satisfaction of the FHA
obligation should toll the running of the statute of limitations. Wife responds that denial of
the motion to amend the complaint was appropriate because it was filed after the judgment
of dismissal was entered. Wife asserts that the doctrine of judicial estoppel precluded
amendment of the complaint.

        The rule at issue here provides, in pertinent part, that “a party may amend [its]
pleadings . . . by leave of court; and leave shall be freely given when justice so requires.”
Tenn. R. Civ. Pro. 15.01. While requiring leave to be freely given lessens the discretion of
the trial court in granting or denying such motions, the court’s grant or denial of a motion to
amend the pleadings is still generally subject to an abuse of discretion standard. Merriman
v. Cont’l Bankers Life Ins. Co., 599 S.W.2d 548, 559 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1979); see also Zenith
Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc., 401 U.S. 321, 330 (1971).

        In determining whether to grant such a motion, the court must consider the following
factors: “[u]ndue delay in filing; lack of notice to the opposing party; bad faith by the moving
party; repeated failure to cure deficiencies by previous amendments[;] undue prejudice to the
opposing party[;] and futility of amendment.” Merriman, 599 S.W.2d at 559 (citing
Hageman v. Signal L. P. Gas, Inc., 486 F.2d 479 (6th Cir. 1973)). “Once a judgment
dismissing a case has been entered, the plaintiff cannot seek to amend its complaint without
first convincing the trial court to set aside its dismissal pursuant to” Rule 59 or 60 of the
Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure. Lee v. State Volunteer Mut. Ins. Co., Inc., No. E2005-
03127-COA-R3-CV, 2005 WL 123492, at *11 (Tenn. Ct. App. Jan. 21, 2005) (citations
omitted); see also Morris Properties, Inc. v. Johnson, No. M2007-00797-COA-R3-CV, 2008
WL 1891434, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2008). Accordingly, we conclude that this issue is
without merit because we have already concluded that the trial court did not err in denying
the motion to alter or amend the order dismissing the case.

                                              -11-
                                   V. CONCLUSION

       The judgment of the trial court is affirmed, and the case is remanded for such further
proceedings as may be necessary. Costs of the appeal are taxed to the appellants, Carolyn
L. Denton-Preletz and Carolyn L. Denton-Preletz, as Trustee of the Carolyn L. Preletz,
Living Trust.

                                          ______________________________________
                                          JOHN W. McCLARTY, JUDGE

                                            -12-