Court Opinion

ID: 3033345
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:49:22.095542+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:55:52.513998
License: Public Domain

United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
                               FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

                                        ______

                                    No. 03-6040EM
                                        ______

In re:                                     *
                                           *
Patricia L. Spencer,                       *
                                           *
         Debtor.                           *
                                           *
Patricia L. Spencer,                       *
                                           *
         Debtor-Appellant,                 *   Appeal from the United States
                                           *   Bankruptcy Court for the
               v.                          *   Eastern District of Missouri
                                           *
John V. Labarge, Jr.,                      *
                                           *
         Trustee-Appellee,                 *
                                           *
United States of America                   *
                                           *
         Creditor-Appellee.                *
                                           *

                                        ______

                              Submitted: November 12, 2003
                                 Filed: December 1, 2003
                                         ______

Before KRESSEL, Chief Judge, FEDERMAN and VENTERS, Bankruptcy Judges.
                                ______

KRESSEL, Chief Judge.
      The debtor, Patricia L. Spencer, appeals from two orders of the bankruptcy
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court. The first order denied her motion for a hardship discharge. The second order
denied Spencer’s motion for reconsideration of the first order. Because we believe
that Spencer’s request for a hardship discharge has been rendered moot by the
dismissal of her case, we dismiss her appeal as moot.

                                 BACKGROUND
      Spencer filed a Chapter 13 petition on February 10, 2000. On April 17, 2000,
the bankruptcy court entered an order confirming her Chapter 13 plan. Both the plan
and the confirmation order guaranteed that priority claims would be paid in full and
general unsecured creditors would receive a minimum payment of ten percent.
Spencer’s plan estimated that the priority claims were zero.

       On July 13, 2000, the IRS filed a timely proof of claim showing a $45,781
priority unsecured debt, and a $21,196.04 general unsecured debt. The priority
unsecured debt was for unpaid income taxes for the 1995 and 1996 tax years. The
general unsecured debt was for unpaid income tax for the 1994 tax year.

      Spencer did not object to the IRS’s proof of claim or amend the plan to provide
for payment to the IRS. Therefore, on December 30, 2002, prior to the date Spencer
made the final plan payment, the trustee filed a motion to dismiss her case. Spencer
did not object to this motion, and on February 18, 2003, the bankruptcy court
dismissed her case. Spencer did not appeal.

       On April 8, 2003, Spencer filed a “Motion for Designation of Innocent Spouse”
and a “Debtor’s Motion for Hardship Discharge of Debtors or in the Alternate, Plea
for Innocent Spouse Designation.” Both motions were filed pro se and neither motion

      1
       The Honorable Barry S. Schermer, United States Bankruptcy Judge for the
Eastern District of Missouri.
                                         2
contained a clear request for relief, nor references to statutory or case authority. Thus,
on April 14, 2003, the bankruptcy court denied both of Spencer’s motions. On April
17, 2003, Spencer filed a motion to reconsider the bankruptcy court’s denial of her
motions. On April 24, 2003, Spencer filed two notices of appeal and another motion
to reconsider. She failed to pay the required filing fee for either notice of appeal. On
April 28, 2003, Spencer filed two more notices of appeal, which turned out to be
merely amended notices of appeal.

      On May 16, 2003, Spencer filed a motion seeking to reopen her case–an
unnecessary motion since, although her case had been dismissed, it was still open. On
May 27, 2003, in response to Spencer’s motion, the bankruptcy court vacated its
February 18, 2003 order of dismissal, and set the motion for hardship discharge for
hearing on June 23, 2003. At the hearing and in an order dated June 27, 2003, the
bankruptcy court determined that Spencer failed to allege grounds for a hardship
discharge under 11 U.S.C. § 1328(b) and denied her motion. In a separate order dated
June 26, 2003, and entered on June 27, 2003, the bankruptcy court again dismissed
Spencer’s case and denied “all pending Motions and Applications” as moot.

      On June 30, 2003, Spencer filed two more notices of appeal. Both appeals
were understood by us to appeal from the June 27, 2003 order of the bankruptcy court
denying Spencer’s motion for hardship discharge. On September 5, 2003, we
dismissed all other appeals for failure to pay the required filing fee. We are left only
with her appeals from the bankruptcy court’s orders denying her hardship discharge
requests.2

      2
         On September 22, 2003, Spencer also filed a motion requesting that we
supplement the record on appeal. We deny that motion. The material Spencer offers
is not in the trial record and absent certain circumstances, which Spencer does not
meet, appellate courts generally cannot consider evidence not in the trial record. See
Crawford v. Runyon, 79 F.3d 743, 744 (8th Cir. 1996) (citing Dakota Indus., Inc. v.
Dakota Sportswear, Inc., 988 F.2d 61, 63 (8th Cir. 1993)).
                                            3
                                 DISCUSSION
      Most of Spencer’s argument on appeal addresses the propriety of the first
dismissal of her case. Her arguments are misplaced for at least two reasons. First,
Spencer did not appeal that order. Thus, the first dismissal of her case was final.
Second, on May 27, 2003, the bankruptcy court, sua sponte, vacated the first
dismissal, and allowed Spencer the opportunity to argue the merits of a hardship
discharge. Thus, we need not address the propriety of the first dismissal of the
debtor’s case.

       The bankruptcy court, after ruling on the hardship discharge issue, again
dismissed Spencer’s case. Since Spencer did not appeal that order either, the second
dismissal of her case is now final, which makes the hardship discharge issue moot.
Once a bankruptcy case is dismissed, issues on appeal relating to the dismissed
bankruptcy case are rendered moot. See Pruss v. Butler and Laughlin (In re Pruss),
229 F.3d 1197 (8th Cir. 2000); Olive Street Inv., Inc. v. Howard Sav. Bank, 972 F.2d
214 (8th Cir. 1992); Dahlquist v. First Nat’l Bank in Sioux City, Iowa (In re
Dahlquist), 751 F.2d 295, 298 (8th Cir. 1985). In simple terms, if there is no case,
there is no right to any discharge, hardship or otherwise.

      If the hardship discharge issue was not moot, we would affirm the bankruptcy
court’s denial of Spencer’s hardship discharge. The grant or denial of a hardship
discharge is within the discretion of the bankruptcy court. See 11 U.S.C. § 1328(b);
Bandilli v. Boyajian (In re Bandilli), 231 B.R. 836, 838 (1st Cir. 1999). Pursuant to
§ 1328(b), the bankruptcy court may grant a hardship discharge at any time after the
confirmation of the plan and after a notice and hearing to a debtor that has not
completed payments under the plan only if:

             (1) the debtor’s failure to complete such payments is due to
             circumstances for which the debtor should not justly be
             held accountable;

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             (2) the value, as of the effective date of the plan, of
             property actually distributed under the plan on account of
             each allowed unsecured claim is not less than the amount
             that would have been paid on such claim if the estate of the
             debtor had been liquidated under chapter 7 of this title on
             such date; and
             (3) modification of the plan under section 1329 of this title
             is not practicable.

11 U.S.C. § 1328(b). The debtor bears the burden of proof, and must satisfy the court
on all three elements of 11 U.S.C. § 1328(b). In re Bandilli, 231 B.R. at 839 (citing
In re Dark, 87 B.R. 497 (Bankr.N.D.Ohio 1988)). In her motions, Spencer did not
allege, much less prove, the elements entitling her to a hardship discharge.

       Lastly, we note that even if the bankruptcy court had granted Spencer’s motion
for a hardship discharge, the goal of that motion would not be realized. Spencer
makes no secret of the fact that her goal is to discharge her tax liability. However, 11
U.S.C. § 1328(c)(2) provides that a hardship discharge granted under 11 U.S.C. §
1328(b) discharges the debtor from all unsecured debts provided for by the plan,
except any debt of a kind specified in 11 U.S.C. § 523(a), which, in subdivision
(a)(3), specifically includes most tax debts.

                               CONCLUSION
      We dismiss Spencer’s appeal as moot.

      A true copy.

             Attest:

                     CLERK, U.S. BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE
                     PANEL, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

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