Court Opinion

ID: 9942180
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-20 17:02:27.206928+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:47:49.612136
License: Public Domain

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE

       IN RE TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO K.T.

                              No. 1 CA-JV 23-0111
                                FILED 2-20-2024

            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                              No. JD39673
                The Honorable Suzanne S. Marwil, Judge

                                   AFFIRMED

                                    COUNSEL

Maricopa County Public Advocate, Mesa
By Suzanne W. Sanchez
Counsel for Appellant

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Tucson
By Jennifer R. Blum
Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety

                        MEMORANDUM DECISION

Presiding Judge Andrew M. Jacobs delivered the decision of the Court, in
which Judge Jennifer M. Perkins, and Judge David D. Weinzweig joined.

J A C O B S, Judge:
              IN RE TERM PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO K.T.
                        Decision of the Court

¶1            Loretta Tillman (“Mother”) appeals the juvenile court’s order
severing her parent-child relationship with her daughter K.T. based on: (1)
prolonged and chronic substance abuse under A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(3); and (2)
fifteen-month out-of-home placement under A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(8). Mother
argues the Department of Child Safety (“DCS”) did not diligently seek to
reunite her with K.T. because it failed to provide her with cognitive
behavioral therapy (“CBT”), notice of K.T.’s medical appointments and
therapies, and inpatient substance abuse treatment. Because the court’s
order finds, based on reasonable evidence, that DCS diligently provided the
services needed to remedy the conditions that led to K.T.’s out-of-home
placement, we affirm the court’s severance order.

                FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

      A.     After K.T. Was Born Substance-Exposed, DCS Placed Her in
             a Group Home and Then Filed a Dependency Matter.

¶2            Mother and Caesar Parks (“Father”) are K.T.’s biological
parents. K.T. was born on May 31, 2020. In June 2020, DCS received a
report that K.T. was born exposed to oxycodone, methadone, and
marijuana, and was experiencing withdrawal. The report explained that
K.T. remained in the neonatal unit for forty-seven days because of
withdrawal. Mother visited twice. K.T. was discharged with gastric
intubation and oxygen. On July 22, 2020, DCS took custody of K.T., and
placed her in a group home.

¶3            On July 27, 2020, DCS filed a petition seeking to determine
paternity and to order payment of child support, and asking that K.T. be
declared dependent as to her Mother and Father. The juvenile court found
K.T. dependent as to both parents, and set a case plan of family
reunification to address the issues giving rise to the dependency – Mother’s
substance abuse and domestic violence.

      B.     Mother Participated Inconsistently in Services DCS
             Recommended to Reunify Her with K.T., While Struggling
             with Sobriety.

¶4             DCS provided Mother with a variety of family reunification
services, as the case plan required, including domestic violence counseling,
individual counseling, substance abuse treatment, and substance abuse
aftercare.

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              IN RE TERM PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO K.T.
                        Decision of the Court

¶5            DCS periodically provided Mother with domestic violence
counseling. For example, in June 2022, after Mother expressed that she was
in a violent relationship with Father, DCS referred Mother to domestic
violence counseling and she attended.

¶6           DCS provided Mother with extensive substance abuse
services. Mother’s participation in substance abuse related services was
mixed, as she struggled with her sobriety during the case plan. Mother
engaged in some substance abuse testing from July to September 2020. She
completed three more substance abuse tests in 2021. In March 2022, Mother
completed a substance abuse test and DCS referred Mother to more
substance abuse treatment services. In October 2022, Mother’s substance
abuse services closed after she tested only three times between March 2022
through October 2022. After Mother and Father ended their relationship in
November 2022, Mother returned to engaging in services more consistently.

¶7            At times, Mother’s struggles with sobriety interfered with the
case plan. In August 2022, Mother had used a substance when she visited
K.T. at the group home. The staff at the group home reported that Mother
was “making out of the ordinary statements” and under the influence.

¶8             DCS supported Mother visiting K.T., but there were
difficulties. By August 2022, DCS had sought and received permission to
transfer K.T. from a group home to foster care because her medical
conditions had stabilized. DCS then arranged for Mother to have
supervised visits with K.T. Mother cancelled the first scheduled visit on
October 6th. Mother attended the supervised visit on October 20th but
failed to show up to K.T.’s supervised visit on October 28th. The supervised
visitation provider was unsuccessful in contacting Mother at her provided
telephone and email. In November 2022, the supervised visitation provider
tried to cancel its own participation in these visits due to Mother’s
inconsistency, but DCS requested more supervised visits.

¶9             During most of the case plan, through August 2022, K.T. was
in a group home, and DCS provided Mother with notice of and invitations
to all of K.T.’s medical appointments. After K.T. was transferred to foster
care, Mother stopped receiving notice of or invitations to K.T.’s medical
appointments. In December 2022, the court changed the case plan from
family reunification to severance and adoption. Thus, for the last three
months of the time the case plan was reunification, Mother was not invited
to K.T.’s medical appointments. But as DCS correctly notes, DCS had not
alleged that any failure by Mother to attend medical appointments or to
tend to K.T. prevented Mother from exercising proper parental care or

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              IN RE TERM PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO K.T.
                        Decision of the Court

control. Father did not assign blame to DCS for not providing information
about appointments, given K.T.’s change to foster care.

¶10           DCS provided Mother with individual counseling with a
component of CBT. DCS’s examining psychologist found Mother “would
benefit from individual counseling that is supportive in nature, as well as
having a solid component of cognitive behavioral interventions within this
structure.” In November and December 2022, Mother received counseling
from three separate providers, including Chrysalis, Valle del Sol, and
Terros. Mother’s counseling services at Terros included components of
CBT.

¶11           Given Mother’s continuing struggles, DCS moved to
terminate her parent-child relationship with K.T. in January 2023. Between
January and March 2023, Mother tested positive for substances four times.
Because Mother’s tests demonstrated substance abuse, Terros
recommended Mother receive more comprehensive care. Mother told her
Terros counselor she was going to check into a particular facility, but Terros
later learned Mother never arrived for treatment. Mother then participated
in, but did not complete, a methadone detox program.

¶12          In March 2023, three weeks before the severance trial, Terros
recommended Mother seek inpatient substance abuse treatment. DCS gave
Mother a list of three service providers, noting that others had found
success with them. As a DCS case manager testified, the time before trial
was too short to get Mother placed at a residential treatment center.

       C.     After a Trial in April 2023, the Court Severed Mother’s
              Parent-Child Relationship with K.T.

¶13           In April 2023, the juvenile court held a severance hearing.
Mother testified that she was substance dependent but committed to being
a more stable parent. Mother testified she was aware of K.T.’s special needs
and that K.T.’s needs required a sober parent. Mother argued that DCS had
failed to provide her with reasonable efforts to reunify her family.

¶14           The court terminated Mother’s relationship based on
prolonged and chronic substance abuse under A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(3) and
fifteen-month out-of-home placement under A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(8). As to
A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(3), the court found Mother had a history of chronic
substance abuse, was thus unable to meet daily parenting responsibilities,
and that there were reasonable grounds to believe this condition would
continue for a prolonged indeterminate period. The court likewise found

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              IN RE TERM PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO K.T.
                        Decision of the Court

K.T. had been in out-of-home placement for longer than fifteen months
under A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(8).

¶15           As to the subjects of this appeal, the court found DCS made
diligent efforts to provide a variety of reunification services, including
domestic violence services, parenting classes, substance abuse services,
visitation, and transportation. Challenging the finding of diligent efforts,
Mother timely appealed. We have jurisdiction under A.R.S. §§ 8-235, 12-
120.21(A), and 12-2101(A)(1), and Article 6, Section 9 of the Arizona
Constitution.

                                DISCUSSION

I.     DCS’s Arguments That We Should Not Reach the Merits of
       Mother’s Arguments About Services Both Fail.

       A.     Mother Did Not Waive Her Argument That DCS Failed to
              Diligently Provide Her With Reunification Services.

¶16             DCS argues Mother waived her challenge to the adequacy of
its reunification efforts by not raising the issue before her severance trial,
citing Bennigno R. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 233 Ariz. 345 (App. 2013).
Bennigno R. does not aid DCS. There, a parent waived his challenge to the
adequacy of services when he acquiesced in findings in the juvenile court
that DCS “ha[d] made diligent efforts to provide appropriate reunification
services” to him and also failed to raise the issue in his closing argument at
the severance trial, when he argued “the sole issue for the court to decide
was . . . the children’s best interests.” Id. at 349-50 ¶ 19. Here, Mother raised
the issue during the second and third days of the severance proceeding.

¶17            Both parties refer us to Shawanee S. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec.,
which, like Bennigno R., stands for the proposition that when a party fails
altogether to raise DCS’s diligence in providing reunification services to the
juvenile court, they waive it. 234 Ariz. 174, 179 ¶ 16 (App. 2014). Because
Mother raised the issue below, neither case establishes waiver here.

¶18            More helpful is our unpublished decision in Trina C. v. Dep’t
of Child Safety, 1 CA-JV 14-0339, 2015 WL 3540191, at *3 ¶ 12 (App. June 2,
2015) (mem. decision), to which we turn given the absence of a more closely
analogous published decision. See Ariz. R. Sup. Ct. 111(c) (defining
circumstances in which unpublished decisions may be cited). Trina C. cites
and relies upon Shawanee S., and clarifies that although the mother had
raised the question of DCS’s diligence in providing services on the last day
of her severance hearing, she nonetheless preserved the objection. Id.

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              IN RE TERM PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO K.T.
                        Decision of the Court

(“[W]e concluded that the parent in Shawanee S. waived that objection
because it was never raised in the juvenile court. Here, Mother raised the
objection, albeit on the last day of the severance trial.”) (cleaned up).

¶19           We see no waiver here, a conclusion strengthened by the
constitutional nature of Mother’s right. See Jessie D. v. Dep’t of Child Safety,
251 Ariz. 574, 581 ¶ 18 (2021) (explaining that right to reunification services
in context of severance is constitutional in nature); Matter of Appeal in
Maricopa Cnty., Juv. Action No. JT9065297, 181 Ariz. 69, 73 (App. 1994)
(“Arizona courts indulge every reasonable presumption against a waiver of
fundamental constitutional rights.”).

       B.     DCS Waived its Argument That We Should Not Consider
              its Diligence Because Providing Mother With Additional
              Reunification Services Would Be Futile.

¶20            DCS argues the record supports a finding that providing
additional services would have been futile. But DCS argues futility for the
first time on appeal. As Mother correctly notes, it never sought a ruling it
was allowed to stop providing services under A.R.S. § 8-846(D) or its
procedural companion, Rule of Juvenile Court Procedure 340(a)(1). DCS
confirms it never raised the argument below by declining to suggest it did
so, and by inviting us to engage in factfinding as the first decider of the
issue. By not raising the argument below, DCS waived it. See Shawanee S.,
234 Ariz. at 179 ¶ 16 (explaining party must raise objection to preserve it).
DCS also asks us to search the record for evidence services would have been
futile, citing Mary Lou C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 207 Ariz. 43, 49-50 ¶ 15
(App. 2004). Because we next find DCS diligently provided Mother with
reasonable services, we decline to reach that issue.

II.    DCS Diligently Provided Mother with Reunification Services, as
       Was Necessary to Support the Juvenile Court’s Severance Order.

¶21           Mother challenges the juvenile court’s finding that DCS
diligently provided Mother with family reunification services. This court
accepts the juvenile court’s factual findings “if reasonable evidence and
inferences support them.” Brionna J. v. Dep’t of Child Safety, 255 Ariz. 471,
478 ¶ 30 (2023) (citing Jessie D., 251 Ariz. at 579-80 ¶ 10) (cleaned up).

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              IN RE TERM PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO K.T.
                        Decision of the Court

       A.     Because K.T.’s Out-of-Home Placement Flowed From
              Substance Abuse and Domestic Violence, a Brief
              Interruption in Notices of Medical Appointments That Did
              Not Address Those Issues Did Not Violate Mother’s Rights.

¶22            Mother argues DCS failed to provide her with services when
it stopped notifying Mother of K.T.’s medical appointments and inviting
her to them after K.T. moved to a foster home. Mother points out it was not
her burden to demand notifications of appointments, and notes the
importance to her of K.T’s special needs. DCS counters that providing
Mother with the opportunity to learn about K.T.’s medical condition was
not a reunification service in the context of this case because it was not the
basis for K.T.’s out-of-home placement.

¶23            DCS is right. The central reason for K.T.’s out-of-home
placement was Mother’s substance abuse and domestic violence. DCS’s
obligation was thus to provide her with reunification services designed to
resolve those conditions. Maricopa Cnty. Juv. Action No. JS-501904, 180 Ariz.
348, 353 (App. 1994) (explaining DCS must provide a parent with services
to help them become an effective parent). The court found DCS did so. The
record supports its conclusion that DCS diligently and reasonably referred
Mother to domestic violence counseling, substance abuse assessment,
substance abuse treatment, and a substance abuse aftercare program. All
of those referrals and services address the issues that threatened the family
unit in the first place, as the law and our federal constitution required of
DCS. See id.

       B.     DCS Provided Mother with Reasonable Mental Health
              Services by Including a Component of CBT in Her
              Individual Counseling.

¶24            Mother argues providing her with CBT was the “primary
recommendation” of DCS’s expert, so that by failing to provide her with it,
DCS failed to diligently provide her with reunification services. See Jordan
C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 223 Ariz. 86, 96 ¶ 29 (App. 2009) (“ADES fails
to make a sufficient effort to reunify a family ‘when it neglects to offer the
very services that its consulting expert recommends.’”) (quoting Mary Ellen
C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 193 Ariz. 185, 192 ¶ 37 (App. 1999)).

¶25          This argument fails because of two facts. First, the examining
psychologist did not recommend CBT as such, but rather, that Mother
“would benefit from individual counseling that is supportive in nature, as
well as having a solid component of cognitive behavioral interventions
within this structure.” Second, DCS provided Mother with individual

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              IN RE TERM PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO K.T.
                        Decision of the Court

counseling at Terros and this program specifically included CBT
components, complying with the psychologist’s expert recommendation.
In addition, we agree with DCS that CBT was not a primary
recommendation because it was not directly relevant to the grounds for
termination, which were Mother’s substance abuse and domestic violence.
For all these reasons, DCS’s provision to Mother of CBT-related services
provides no basis to disturb the court’s order severing her parental rights.

       C.     DCS Made Reasonable Efforts to Provide Mother Substance
              Abuse Services, Given That Mother’s Providers Only
              Recommended Residential Care Three Weeks Before the
              Severance Trial.

¶26           The court found DCS diligently worked to provide Mother
with “an array of reunification services” focused on her substance abuse,
which would likely have resulted in reunification if completed. Mother
does not challenge DCS’s provision of services concerning substance abuse
through most of the two-and-one-half year period of the reunification plan.

¶27             Mother argues DCS failed to provide her with reasonable
substance abuse services in one particular. She complains that while DCS
sent her a list of three inpatient substance abuse treatment providers, it did
not undertake significant follow-up actions to support her receiving that
treatment. Mary Ellen C., 193 Ariz. at 192-93 ¶¶ 35, 42 (explaining that
providing parent with a phone number to self-refer in context of matter was
not reasonable efforts).

¶28            Mother’s argument, however, ignores the factual context.
Mother’s health care providers did not recommend inpatient substance
abuse services until three weeks before the severance hearing. DCS
promptly provided Mother with a list of programs in which other
candidates had succeeded. But as DCS’s case manager testified, time was
too short to provide Mother with further assistance. Given Mother’s failure
to challenge most of DCS’s provision of services in this area, and
considering the totality of the circumstances, we see no abuse of discretion
in the court’s conclusion that DCS diligently provided Mother with
substance-abuse related reunification services. Donald W. v. Dep’t of Child
Safety, 247 Ariz. 9, 23, 26 ¶¶ 49, 69 (App. 2019) (explaining that courts must
consider the entire dependency and weigh the totality of the
circumstances).

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              IN RE TERM PARENTAL RIGHTS AS TO K.T.
                        Decision of the Court

                             CONCLUSION

¶29           The record supports the juvenile court’s finding that DCS met
its burden through clear and convincing evidence to find statutory grounds
to sever Mother’s parent-child relationship. Mary Ellen C., 193 Ariz. at 190
¶ 25. The court’s findings of fact properly supported severance. Id. For
these reasons, we affirm.

                          AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                          FILED: AA

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