Court Opinion

ID: 9576788
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-21 21:28:28.81136+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:16:47.707078
License: Public Domain

Opinion
KEENAN, J.
Michael Yates appeals from convictions of robbery and use of a firearm in the commission of a felony. He contends that the evidence was insufficient to convict him and that the trial court applied an erroneous standard of proof to his alibi defense. We find the evidence sufficient to support the convictions and affirm.1
On the morning of May 14, 1982, Cynthia Mallory, the assistant manager of a store in the Cloverleaf Mall, was carrying the previous day’s receipts of $264 to a bank located across the Mali’s parking lot when a white van stopped in front of her. As she went around the back of the van, a man with a short-barrelled handgun got out of the van and grabbed the blue bank bag she was carrying. The man wore over his head material which appeared to be a black football jersey. Mallory turned around and the man said, “You better not or I will kill you.” The man got back into the van, and the van left on the Midlothian Turnpike toward South Richmond.
Mallory testified that she saw an unmasked, relatively young man in the van and that she did not believe the robber was the operator of the van. Mallory could not identify either Yates or Charles Alberti, the Commonwealth’s key witness.
Prior to Yates’ trial, Alberti pled guilty to the robbery and received a suspended sentence. Alberti had also participated in many other robberies, and was serving a one hundred ten year sentence in connection with another offense. Testifying against *142Yates pursuant to a plea agreement, Alberti said that he had known Yates for several years; however, he did not know Yates’ last name but knew him only as “Mike.”
Alberti testified that he drove the stolen, white van which was used in the robbery. He stated that two other persons, Billy Morgan and another man whose name he could not recall, were in the van when the robbery occurred. Alberti further testified that Mallory walked up to where the van was parked and that Billy Morgan, who was wearing a lady’s stocking over his head, got out of the van and grabbed a blue money bag from Mallory.
Alberti also testified that Yates was not in the van during the robbery, but was waiting in his car in the parking lot of the K-Mart store located across the highway from the Mall. According to Alberti, after the van left the Mall parking lot, it cut off “almost halfway” to the place where “we were supposed to get in his [Yates’] car and we left it right there and ran to his car.” Alberti testified that Yates drove the robbers away and shared equally in the money taken from Mallory. Alberti also testified that he and Yates had committed similar robberies in which Yates had been the getaway driver.
Investigator William Showalter testified that after the robbery the van was discovered in North Richmond, several miles from the scene of the robbery. Alberti was subsequently arrested in 1983 after committing a similar “bank-bag snatch” robbery and was connected with the Mallory robbery through a latent print found on the van’s vent window. Alberti gave a statement to Showalter which implicated Yates in the Mallory robbery and placed Yates in the van when Mallory was robbed. However, Investigator Showalter said that Alberti informed him “before we came to court” that he was mistaken about Yates’ presence in the van during the Mallory robbery, that a third person whose name he was unsure of had been in the van, and that Yates had been sitting in his car in the K-Mart lot across the city line.
Alberti’s testimony is consistent in some but not all aspects with Mallory’s testimony regarding the events in the parking lot of the Mall.2 Yates, by Alberti’s own testimony, was not present in the *143van but was waiting in the K-Mart lot. Mallory did not see Yates. Except for the testimony of Alberti, there was neither physical evidence nor testimony that tended to connect Yates with the crime.
Prior to trial, Investigator Showalter confronted Yates with Alberti’s statement. Yates denied any participation in the robbery. He presented an alibi defense at trial which was inconclusive as to his whereabouts on the day of the robbery.
Yates argues that Alberti’s testimony, standing alone, was insufficient to sustain the convictions. We disagree. “It is well settled in Virginia that an accused may be convicted upon the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice.” Johnson v. Commonwealth, 224 Va. 525, 527, 298 S.E.2d 99, 101 (1982). The dispositive issue in this case is, therefore, whether Alberti’s testimony was unworthy of belief as a matter of law.3
In reviewing the evidence, we are mindful that Yates was convicted in a bench trial. The trial judge, as the finder of fact, had both the opportunity and the responsibility to observe Alberti testify and evaluate his credibility as a witness. His assessment of Alberti’s credibility is entitled to the same weight as a jury’s verdict. This principle was explained by the Supreme Court in Lane v. Commonwealth, 184 Va. 603, 35 S.E.2d 749 (1945):
[T]he finding of the judge, upon the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their evidence, stands on the same footing as the verdict of a jury, and unless that finding is plainly wrong, or without evidence to support it, it cannot be disturbed.
Id. at 611, 35 S.E.2d at 752.
Alberti admitted that he and two others robbed Cynthia Mallory on May 14, 1982. He testified that Yates was waiting for *144them in his own car to drive them all away from the scene of the robbery. Alberti further testified that Yates shared in the proceeds of the robbery. While certain details of Alberti’s testimony regarding the robbery were not identical to the victim’s testimony, these inconsistencies were not so significant as to render Alberti’s testimony inherently incredible.
Yates relies on the fact that Alberti initially told Showalter in 1983 that Yates was in the van at the time of the robbery, and then changed his account before trial to state that Yates was waiting at K-Mart to pick up the robbers. We do not believe that this change in Alberti’s account of events established that he was an inherently untruthful or unreliable witness. Both his 1983 statements to Showalter and his trial testimony were within the province of the trial court to evaluate. The court was entitled to accept Alberti’s testimony at trial in which he consistently maintained that Yates was not in the van, but in the K-mart parking lot.
Yates further relies on the fact that the van was found in a different part of town than where Alberti said the robbers had left it after it broke down. While this fact does nothing to corroborate Alberti’s testimony, it does not directly contradict it. There is nothing in the record to establish when the van was found or in what condition it was in, i.e., operable or inoperable. Thus, the fact that the van was found sometime after the robbery in a location different than where Alberti said he had left it was only a circumstance for the court to consider in evaluating the totality of Alberti’s testimony.
Finally, Yates argues that Alberti was not a credible witness because he was testifying pursuant to a plea agreement involving the present crime, and because he admitted having other felony convictions. It is true that “the source of accomplice testimony is tainted with the temptation to exculpate oneself by laying the crime upon another.” Dillard v. Commonwealth, 216 Va. 820, 821, 224 S.E.2d 137, 139 (1976). However, the trial judge, as the trier of fact, was fully aware of this evidentiary principle and was further aware of Alberti’s plea agreement and felony record. After reviewing the record in this case, we cannot say that the court was plainly wrong in concluding that Alberti’s testimony was worthy of belief.
*145In summary, we find that the testimony of Charles Alberti was not inherently incredible and was sufficient to support Yates’ convictions of robbery and use of a firearm in the commission of a felony.

Affirmed.

Cole, J., concurred.

 The record reveals that Yates made no objection to the trial court’s comments regarding the standard of proof for an alibi defense. In the absence of such an objection, we will only address an issue on appeal where we deem it to be necessary to attain the ends of justice. Rule 5A:18. We find that there is no such necessity here and accordingly we will not address this issue.

 Alberti testified that the van was parked when Mallory walked by; however, Mallory testified that the van stopped in front of her as she was crossing the crosswalk. Alberti *143testified that Morgan, the gunman, wore a lady’s stocking for a mask; however, Mallory said the assailant wore a black hood which resembled a football jersey or knit shirt. Alberti could not recall whether the victim wore a dress or pants; Mallory said she wore a red tee shirt and black shorts.

 We reject the Commonwealth’s assertion that Alberti’s testimony was corroborated as to material facts which tended to connect Yates with the crime. See Dillard v. Commonwealth, 216 Va. 820, 823-24, 224 S.E.2d 137, 140 (1976). Our view of the evidence is that Alberti's testimony in this regard was uncorroborated in any meaningful sense.