Court Opinion

ID: 9302123
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-12-02 17:13:12.231732+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:13:43.388304
License: Public Domain

TBIEEER, District Judge
(after stating the facts). This case is but another illustration of the danger incurred by courts when undertaking to manage a railroad after the owners had failed to operate it without great loss; and while the court, as at present constituted, is in no way responsible for this state of affairs (these orders having been made by the former judge of this court, and, it seems, by the consent of all parties in interest), the duty of determining the rights of the parties devolves upon it. The power of the courts to authorize receivers to borrow money and to issue certificates therefor for the purpose of preserving and managing the property, and make them a lien thereon for its repayment, is now well settled. Mr. Justice Bradley, in Wallace v. Loomis, 97 U. S. 146, 24 L. Ed. 895, says;
“The power of a court of equity to appoint managing receivers of such property as a railroad, when taken under its charge as a trust fund for the payment of incumbrances, and to authorize such receivers to raise money necessary for the preservation and management of the property, and make the same chargeable as a lien thereon for its repayment, cannot at this da.y be seriously disputed. It is a part of their jurisdiction, always exercised by the court, by which it is its duty to protect and preserve the trust funds in its hands.”
The power, under certain circumstances, for the court to direct the receiver to pay pre-existing debts of certain classes out of the earnings of the receivership, or even the corpus of the property, also exists; but, as was said by Mr. .Justice Blatchford, in delivering the opinion of the court in Miltenberger v. Railway Co., 106 U. S. 286, 1 Sup. Ct. 140, 27 L. Ed. 117:
“The discretion to do so [meaning the latter] should he' exercised with very great care. The payment of such debts stands, prima facie, on a different *568basis from tie payment of claims arising under the receivership, while it may be brought within the principle of the latter by special circumstances.”
The order authorizing the issuance of both classes of receiver certificates is silent as to which of them should have priority, or whether they should both be considered of the same class; the order only providing that each of them should have priority over the 'mortgage debt. In determining whether both classes of certificates should share alike, where the property is not sufficient in amount to pay both classes in full, the court cannot overlook the fact that the money for which the certificates in class A were issued was loaned to the court, acting through its receiver, for the purpose of enabling it to operate the railway with safety, while, on the other hand, the debts represented by the certificates of class B were incurred by the railroad company itself, and the credit extended to the railroad company, influenced, no doubt, by the provisions of the Arkansas statutes (section 6251, Sand. & H. Dig.), which prior to the decision of the supreme court of the state in Railway Co. v. Spencer, 65 Ark. 188, 47 S. W. 196, were presumed to give Such debts priority over the mortgage. The certificates in class B, while issued by the receiver under order of the court, cannot be strictly called receiver’s certificates. They were merely certificates issued by the receiver, showing that these amounts were due from the railroad company, and had been adjudged by the court as being a prior lien to that of the mortgage. As the credit for which the certificates in class A were issued was extended solely to the court, acting through its receiver, the holders of these certificates have a right to look to the court for repayment, if there is any fund in the court, realized either from the operation or a sale of the road, out of which they can be paid. In the language of Judge Caldwell In Dow v. Railroad Co. (C. C.) 20 Fed. 260:
“No court should engage in the operation of a railroad without reserving to itself the means of discharging the obligations incurred in the business. In its efforts to coerce a corporation to pay its debts, the court should not contract obligations of its own, and neglect to make provision for their payment. It would be a scandal to do so. Courts should pay their debts, if nobody else does.” 20 Fed. 269.
In Kneeland v. Luce, 141 U. S. 491, 12 Sup. Ct. 32, 35 L. Ed. 830, the court say:
“Where such [receiver’s certificates] are issued, and the court, as In this case, impresses upon them a preferential lien, good faith requires that its promise should be redeemed, unless, perhaps, it be shown that the issue of the certificates was actually fraudulent.” 141 U. S. 508, 12 Sup. Ct. 38, 35 L. Ed. 836.
Acting upon this principle, Judge Sanborn, in delivering the opinion of the circuit court of appeals of this circuit, said:
“The moneys expended and the liability incurred by receivers or trustees in the authorized operation, preservation, and management of the property intrusted to them constitute preferential claims upon the trust estate, which must be paid out of its proceeds before they can be distributed to the beneficiaries of the trust.” Mercantile Trust Co. v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co., 26 C. C. A. 383, 81 Fed. 254.
Had the court, at the time the order authorizing the receiver to issue these certificates was made, known that there would not be sufficient money realized from the sale of the property to pay both *569classes of certificates, or had the court been advised that the operation of the road b,y the receiver would require not only all the earnings, but also the corpus, it is hardly reasonable to presume that the court would have permitted the receiver to operate the road. No sane business man or banker would have loaned the receiver money, at 6 per cent, per annum, unless assured that such indebtedness would have priority over any other debts of the corporation contracted by it; and, as the court was the borrower, it was not unreasonable to presume (hat the court, would not permit creditors of the corporation to deprive them of their money. If these creditors of the corporation did not want the road, while in the hands of the receiver, to be operated at a loss, which could be only made up by receiver’s certificates, which would be taxed as expenses of the receiver, they should have objected to the order authorizing the receiver to borrow this money. But, having assented thereto, it is now too late to question the propriety of the action of the court. Could it be successfully contended that if there had been no mortgage, and these creditors of the corporation, wrlio are now the holders of the certificates of class B, had secured the appointment of a receiver to enable them to enforce their liens supposed to be given to them by the statutes of the state of Arkansas, that they would be entitled to stand on an equal footing with creditors of the receiver for moneys loaned to enable Mm to operate the road? If not, why should they be entitled 1o such rights when the receiver is ajípointed at the request of other lienholders, whose liens are secondary to iheirs? In Bank v. Ewing, 43 C. C. A. 150, 103 Fed. 168, the court, in disposing of a like contention, which arose in relation to the claim of Smith, said:
“Operating expenses incurred by receivers during their management and control of the property are entitled to preference over the claim of this appellant. [His claim was like that of the parties who hold certificates of class B in this ease.] While the demand of the appellant against the railway company is a meritorious one, we cannot, consistently with established principles, adjudge it priority over claims of higher dignity, and displace liens to which it is subordinate.” 43 C. C. A. 170, 103 Fed. 188.
In the same case, in the claim of the St. Charles Car Company, the court also held that the claim of the car company, having been adjudged by the court to be an indebtedness of the receiver, was entitled to priority over the debts of the corporation, which had been adjudged to be entitled to a preference over the mortgage debt. 43 C. C. A. 175, 103 Fed. 193.
But it is urged that the final decree of foreclosure placed both classes of certificates on an equality, and that the decree, not having been appealed from, is now conclusive. The decree provides that the fund arising from said sale should be applied — First, to the payment of all proper expenses attendant upon said sale,.including the expenses, outlays, and compensation of the master, etc.; second, to the payment of the costs of this suit, and the compensation of the plaintiff herein for its services, charges, and expenses in the execution of its trust under said mortgage so made to it as aforesaid, including its own compensation, commissions, and its disbursements for solicitor's and counsel fees in the execution of said trust, as such *570charges, expenses, and compensation may be hereafter fixed and al-io wed.by this court; third, to the payment of all interventions or other' claims heretofore or hereafter to be allowed by this court in this case as superior to the lien of the bonds mentioned in the mortgage foreclosed hereby, or, if the fund realized be not sufficient to pay the same, then to the payment of the same pro rata. As the court construes this decree, the certificates of class A properly fall within the provisions of section 2 of the decree. While it is true that the expenses of managing and operating the road by the receiver are not strictly costs of suit, yet they are expenses incurred in the litigation and by order of the court, and may properly be included within the meaning of the words “costs of suit.” When property is attached or seized by an officer under process of law, the expenses of preserving the property pending the litigation are charged as costs of the suit. The expenditures made by order of the court by the receiver, and for which certificates in class A were issued, were for the preservation of the property. ■ if the road was to be operated, — and it seems all the parties in interest agreed that it should be operated, — it was essential that the roadbed should be kept in such condition that it could be operated with safety. That this was evidently the intention of the court is further evidenced by the fact that the third clause of the decree provides that “all interventions or other claims heretofore or hereafter to be allowed - by this court in this cause, as superior to the lien of the bonds mentioned in the mortgage.” The holders of certificates in class A were not interveners, nor the holders of any claims against the railroad corporation which were superior to the mortgage lien. They were creditors of the receiver for money loaned to the receiver, and in reliance upon the good faith of the court; while, on the other hand, the holders of certificates of class B received their certificates solely’ by reason of interventions for claims against the railroad company created before the appointment of the receiver, but which, by reason of the erroneous construction of the statutes of the state of Arkansas and the orders of the court, were adjudged to be a lien on the railroad property prior to that of the mortgage. The court is of the opinion that the fund in court should be distributed as follows: First, to the payment of the court costs, proper, including the master’s, trustee’s, and attorney’s fees, as has been agreed upon by all parties in interest; next, to the payment of the receiver’s certificates issued for money loaned and materials furnished to the receiver under the orders of the court, and who hold certificates in class A. If there is any balance, it is to be distributed pro rata among the holders of the receiver’s certificates of class B. The holders of the mortgage bonds can receive nothing in any event.