Court Opinion

ID: 3190155
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-03-30 23:07:38.54991+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:35:59.071886
License: Public Domain

J-S12025-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                        PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

JEFF LAVALLIERE,

                            Appellant                 No. 1056 EDA 2014

             Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence March 14, 2014,
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
    Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0000137-2013, CP-51-CR-0000139-
                                      2013

BEFORE: BOWES, SHOGAN, and FITZGERALD,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.:                             FILED MARCH 30, 2016

        Appellant, Jeff Lavalliere, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered following his convictions at docket number CP-51-CR-0000137-2013

of one count each of simple assault, possessing instruments of crime

(“PIC”), and recklessly endangering another person (“REAP”), and at docket

number CP-51-CR-0000139-2013 of one count of REAP. We affirm.

        The trial court summarized the underlying facts of this case as follows:

              On December 14, 2012, [Appellant] was working as a
        security guard at Old Silver Lounge, Charlie B located at 153
        East Chelten Avenue. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 15, 120-121. [Appellant]
        began his shift at 9:00 p.m.      N.T. 1/7/14 p. 121.      At

____________________________________________

*
    Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

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      approximately 11:45 p.m., Complainant, Frances Myrick,2 lost
      her cell phone inside the establishment and reported it to
      [Appellant]. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 15-18. [Appellant] entered the bar
      in an attempt to locate the missing cell phone. N.T. 1/7/14 pp.
      18, 122. Ms. Myrick was intoxicated and became angry when
      her cell phone was not located, and was asked to leave the bar.
      N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 18-19, 77, 122-123.           Ms. Myrick, and
      Complainant, Curtis Richardson, left the bar with approximately
      six other people. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 18-19. Ms. Myrick remained
      by the door and attempted to re-enter the bar. N.T. 1/7/14 pp.
      20, 123. [Appellant] forcefully told her that she could not re-
      enter and blocked her from gaining entry. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 20,
      22, 124. [Appellant] and Ms. Myrick began to physically engage
      and tussle. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 22-24. A crowd began to form,
      approximately 10-15 people.       N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 38-39, 80.
      [Appellant] grabbed Ms. Myrick’s arms, attempted to restrain
      her, and handcuffed her. N.T. 1/7/14 p. 125. Members of
      Ms. Myrick’s group converged toward [Appellant]. N.T 1/7/14 p.
      126.     [Appellant] dragged Ms. Myrick into the street and
      eventually backed into a parked car. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 24, 26, 29,
      80, 126. [Appellant] ultimately handcuffed Ms. Myrick in the
      street and planted his knee in her back. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 25-28.
      The crowd was approximately eight feet away from [Appellant]
      and Ms. Myrick. N.T. 1/7/14 p. 27.
            2
              Complainant, Frances Myrick, was also referred to
            as: Frances Mar and Tiffany Myrick throughout the
            course of the trial.

            [Appellant] told the crowd to “back up.” N.T. 1/7/14 p.
      31. [Appellant] then fired his gun three times in the direction of
      Mr. Richardson. N.T. 1/7/14 p. 28. The police were notified and
      arrived within fifteen seconds of receiving the call. N.T. 1/7/14
      p. 50. Police officer Dohan arrived and observed [Appellant]
      over the handcuffed Ms. Myrick with his knee on her back in the
      middle of the street. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 50-51, 53. Officer Dohan
      smelled gun powder in the air and observed multiple shell
      casings near [Appellant]. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 51, 54. Ms. Myrick
      was transported to the hospital and treated for a large cut on her
      jawline. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 56, 66. [Appellant] was detained and
      subsequently arrested. N.T. 1/7/14 p. 57.

Trial Court Opinion, 7/9/15, at 3-4.

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      On January 16, 2013, in an information filed at docket number CP-51-

CR-0000137-2013 identifying Curtis Richardson as the victim, Appellant was

charged with aggravated assault, PIC, simple assault, and REAP.         Also on

January 16, 2013, in an information filed at docket number CP-51-CR-

0000139-2013 naming Francis Myrick as the victim, Appellant was charged

with aggravated assault, PIC, simple assault, and REAP.

      A nonjury trial was held on January 7, 2014.           Subsequently, on

January 10, 2014, the trial court found Appellant guilty of one count each of

PIC, simple assault, and REAP at docket number CP-51-CR-0000137-2013,

and guilty of one count of REAP at docket number CP-51-CR-0000139-2013.

On January 21, 2014, Appellant filed identical post-trial motions for

judgment    of   acquittal   at   each    docket   number   that   alleged   the

Commonwealth failed to present sufficient evidence to prove the crimes of

which Appellant was convicted. The trial court denied Appellant’s post-trial

motions on March 14, 2014. Also on March 14, 2014, at docket number CP-

51-CR-0000137-2013, the trial court sentenced Appellant to serve a term of

probation of two years on the conviction of simple assault, a term of

probation of three years on the conviction of PIC, and no further penalty on

the conviction of REAP.      At docket number CP-51-CR-0000139-2013, the

trial court sentenced Appellant to serve a term of probation of two years on

the conviction of REAP. All probationary terms were ordered to be served

concurrently. On April 2, 2014, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal.

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      On May 29, 2014, the trial court issued an order directing Appellant to

file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement within twenty-one days.                Thus,

Appellant’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement was due on or before June 19,

2014. However, Appellant’s counsel did not file a timely Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)

statement. On June 24, 2014, the trial court issued an opinion, highlighting

Appellant’s failure to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement and indicating that

all issues had been waived for purposes of appeal.              Coincidentally,

Appellant’s counsel filed an untimely Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement on

June 24, 2014.

      On February 27, 2015, this Court issued a memorandum decision in

which we remanded the matter for the filing of a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)

statement, a trial court opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a), and the

issuance of a new briefing schedule. Both Appellant and the trial court have

complied with our directive. This case is now ripe for our disposition.

      Appellant has presented the following issues for our review:

      I. Whether the trial court abused its discretion by dismissing
      [Appellant’s] appeal where [Appellant] timely filed a statement
      of errors upon receiving notification of a request to file the
      statement.

      II. Whether [Appellant’s] conviction for simple assault, reckless
      endangerment of another person, and possession of an
      instrument of crime should be vacated where the evidence at
      trial was legally insufficient to support the convictions?

      III. Whether [Appellant’s] conviction for simple assault and
      possession of an instrument of crime should be vacated because
      the conviction is against the weight of the evidence and
      [Appellant] was acquitted of aggravated assault?

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       IV. Whether [Appellant’s] conviction for reckless endangerment
       of another person should be vacated because it is against the
       weight of the evidence and [Appellant] was acquitted of
       aggravated assault?

       V. Whether [Appellant’s] conviction should be vacated because
       the trial court erred by failing to consider the character evidence
       of one of the witnesses?

       VI. Whether [Appellant] should be granted a new trial because
       the verdict is inconsistent with the evidence presented at trial?

Appellant’s Brief at 5-6.1

       Appellant’s first issue pertains to the trial court’s initial Pa.R.A.P.

1925(a) opinion of June 24, 2014, wherein the trial court concluded that,

due to Appellant’s failure to file a timely Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement, his

____________________________________________

1
   We note that, excluding tables and appendices, Appellant’s brief is sixty-
four pages long. Pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2135, a principal brief is limited to
14,000 words, and when the brief exceeds thirty pages, the appellant must
certify with the appellate court that the brief complies with the word
limitation. Herein, Appellant included in his brief a certification that the brief
contains 14,118 words, which obviously exceeds the word limitation.
However, because Appellant’s violation of Pa.R.A.P. 2135 is not so defective
as to preclude effective appellate review, we decline to dismiss the brief or
quash the appeal. See In re Estate of Glover, 669 A.2d 1011, 1017 n.1
(Pa. Super. 1996) (“While we agree that the brief, which contains 69 pages,
does violate the page limitation of Pa.R.A.P. 2135, . . . [s]ince the brief is
not so defective as to preclude effective appellate review, we will not quash
the instant appeal.”). See also Commonwealth v. McEachin, 537 A.2d
883, 885 n.1 (Pa. Super. 1988) (declining to quash appeal under Pa.R.A.P.
2101 and Pa.R.A.P. 2135 where ninety-six page brief did not preclude
effective appellate review).

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issues were waived.2 Appellant’s Brief at 24-28. As we previously stated, in

this Court’s memorandum filed on February 27, 2015, we remanded the

matter to the trial court for the filing of a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement by

Appellant and the completion of a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion by the trial

court.

         The certified record currently before us reflects that, pursuant to our

remand, on March 2, 2015, the trial court directed Appellant to file a

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement within twenty-one days.               Appellant filed his

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement on March 10, 2015.                Thereafter, on July 9,

2015, the trial court filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion in which it addressed

the issues presented by Appellant.             In light of the fact that our previous

remand corrected any issues concerning the lack of a timely filed Pa.R.A.P.

1925(b) statement and corresponding Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion, we discern

no reason to address Appellant’s issue further.

         Appellant next argues that the Commonwealth failed to present

sufficient evidence to support his convictions.           Appellant’s Brief at 28-38.
____________________________________________

2
    Counsel for Appellant attempts to excuse the late filing of Appellant’s
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement with an allegation that the trial court never
provided counsel with a copy of the May 29, 2014 order directing Appellant
to file the Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement. However, our review of the certified
record reflects that said order was entered on the trial court’s docket on
May 29, 2014, and there is a notation on the docket that copies were mailed
to Appellant’s counsel and the Commonwealth on that date. Furthermore,
appended to the original May 29, 2014 order is a “Proof of Service” reflecting
that the order was sent to Appellant’s counsel via first class mail on May 29,
2014.

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Appellant claims that the Commonwealth failed to establish the requisite

intent necessary for his convictions of simple assault, REAP, and PIC.3

       When reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we

evaluate the record in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as

verdict winner, giving the prosecution the benefit of all reasonable inferences

to be drawn from the evidence.            Commonwealth v. Duncan, 932 A.2d
226, 231 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citation omitted).       “Evidence will be deemed

sufficient to support the verdict when it establishes each material element of

the crime charged and the commission thereof by the accused, beyond a

reasonable doubt.”        Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Brewer, 876 A.2d
____________________________________________

3
    In addition, Appellant contends that the trial court failed to properly
consider his evidence and wrongly credited the testimony presented by the
Commonwealth in determining the verdicts. A sufficiency of the evidence
review, however, does not include an assessment of the credibility of the
testimony. Commonwealth v. Wilson, 825 A.2d 710, 713-714 (Pa. Super.
2003). Such a claim is more properly characterized as a weight of the
evidence challenge. Id. A challenge to the weight of the evidence questions
which evidence is to be believed. Commonwealth v. Charlton, 902 A.2d
554, 561 (Pa. Super. 2006). Indeed, claims challenging the weight of the
evidence and sufficiency of the evidence are clearly distinct.           See
Commonwealth v. Widmer, 744 A.2d 745 (Pa. 2000) (discussing the
distinctions between a claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence and
a claim that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence). “A true
weight of the evidence challenge concedes that sufficient evidence exists to
sustain the verdict but questions which evidence is to be believed.”
Commonwealth v. Charlton, 902 A.2d 554, 561 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Galindes, 786 A.2d 1004, 1013 (Pa. Super.
2001)). Therefore, to the extent that Appellant intermingles his sufficiency
argument with challenges to the trial court’s findings pertaining to the
credibility of the witnesses and determination of the weight of the evidence
presented, we will address Appellant’s weight of the evidence claims later in
this memorandum.

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1029, 1032 (Pa. Super. 2005)).       However, the Commonwealth need not

establish guilt to a mathematical certainty, and it may sustain its burden by

means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Id. In addition, this Court may

not substitute its judgment for that of the factfinder, and where the record

contains support for the convictions, they may not be disturbed. Id. Lastly,

we note that the finder of fact is free to believe some, all, or none of the

evidence presented.    Commonwealth v. Hartle, 894 A.2d 800, 804 (Pa.

Super. 2006).

      The crime of simple assault is codified in the Pennsylvania Crimes

Code and provides, in pertinent part, as follows. “A person is guilty of

assault if he … attempts by physical menace to put another in fear of

imminent serious bodily injury[.]” 18 Pa.C.S. § 2701(a)(3). “Serious bodily

injury” is defined as “[b]odily injury which creates a substantial risk of death

or which causes serious, permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or

impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.”          18 Pa.C.S.

§ 2301.

      For a conviction of simple assault by physical menace, “[t]he elements

which must be proven are intentionally placing another in fear of imminent

serious bodily injury through the use of menacing or frightening activity.”

Commonwealth v. Reynolds, 835 A.2d 720, 726 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citing

Commonwealth v. Little, 614 A.2d 1146, 1151 (Pa. Super. 1992)).

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“Intent can be proven by circumstantial evidence and may be inferred from

the defendant’s conduct under the attendant circumstances.” Id.

      Our Crimes Code defines REAP as follows:

      A person commits a misdemeanor of the second degree if he
      recklessly engages in conduct which places or may place another
      person in danger of death or serious bodily injury.

18 Pa.C.S. § 2705. Section 2705 is satisfied where a defendant’s conduct

“places or may place another person in danger of death or serious bodily

injury.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 2705. Further, we have held that “[t]he crime of REAP

is a crime of assault which requires the creation of danger. As such, there

must be an actual present ability to inflict harm. . . . [T]he mere apparent

ability to inflict harm is not sufficient.    Danger, and not merely the

apprehension of danger, must be created.” Commonwealth v. Reynolds,

835 A.2d 720, 727-728 (Pa. Super. 2003) (internal quotation marks and

citations omitted). Under the plain terms of the statute, a REAP conviction is

supportable even where the victim suffered no actual injury.              See

Commonwealth v. Rahman, 75 A.3d 497, 502-503 (Pa. Super. 2013)

(evidence was sufficient to support REAP conviction where the defendant

“thr[ew] punches at [a police officer] on a stairwell on a crowded balcony

next to a glass divide;” although the officer did not actually fall down the

stairs, the evidence was sufficient to place the officer “in danger of death or

serious bodily injury” because the defendant’s actions “easily could have

caused [the officer] to lose his footing and fall down the stairs”);

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Commonwealth v. Hartzell, 988 A.2d 141, 143-144 (Pa. Super. 2009)

(explaining that the evidence was sufficient to support the appellant’s two

REAP convictions because: “The testimony established that from a distance

of approximately 30 yards, appellant fired into the creek near the bridge,

approximately 25 to 30 feet away from the [victims’] location on the bridge.

Although appellant may not have pointed the weapon directly at the two

[victims], it was pointed in their general direction. Moreover, the evidence

established that the water was rather shallow and there were rocks in the

stream. . . .   Thus, it is hardly inconceivable that a bullet fired into the

stream nearby could have struck a rock or other object and deflected up and

hit one of the two men”); Reynolds, 835 A.2d at 729 (pointing a loaded gun

at an individual created the danger of death or serious bodily injury and the

evidence was thus sufficient to support the defendant’s REAP conviction).

     The offense of PIC is defined, in relevant part, as follows:

     § 907. Possessing instruments of crime.

           (a) Criminal instruments generally.—A person commits a
     misdemeanor of the first degree if he possesses any instrument
     of crime with the intent to employ it criminally.

18 Pa.C.S. § 907(a).

     “‘[I]t is the actor’s criminal purpose that provides the touchstone of his

liability’ for possessing an instrument of crime.”       Commonwealth v.

Andrews, 768 A.2d 309, 317-318 (Pa. 2001).          It has long held that an

“appellant’s use of a loaded gun on his victim is more than sufficient to

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establish   his   guilt   of   possession     of   an   instrument   of    crime.”

Commonwealth v. Santiago, 980 A.2d 659, 662 (Pa. Super. 2009)

(quoting Commonwealth v. McNair, 603 A.2d 1014, 1017 (Pa. 1992)).

We have held that wholly circumstantial evidence is sufficient to support a

conviction of PIC.   See Commonwealth v. Young, 692 A.2d 1112, 1114

(Pa. Super. 1997) (holding that circumstantial evidence was sufficient to

sustain conviction of PIC).

      Further, we are mindful that “[w]here an appellant has been acquitted

of the underlying crime, and no other evidence has been presented to

establish criminal intent, an appellant cannot be deemed to possess the

requisite intent to employ a weapon criminally -- a prerequisite to a

conviction for PIC.” Commonwealth v. Weston, 749 A.2d 458, 461 (Pa.

2000). “More specifically, a conviction for PIC cannot stand if the appellant

is acquitted on the underlying charge on the basis of self defense, because

the factfinder cannot reasonably infer that the defendant intended to make

criminal use of a weapon that she employed solely in her defense.” In the

Interest of A.C., 763 A.2d 889, 891 (Pa. Super. 2000) (citing Weston).

      We have reviewed the briefs of the parties, the certified record before

us on appeal, and the trial court opinion dated July 9, 2015.             It is our

conclusion that the trial court’s opinion adequately and accurately addresses

each of the challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence presented by

Appellant, specifically, Appellant’s conviction of simple assault at page five,

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Appellant’s conviction of PIC at page six, and Appellant’s convictions of REAP

at pages six through seven. The trial court, sitting as finder of fact, chose to

believe the evidence presented by the Commonwealth, and we will not

substitute our judgment for that of the trial judge. Under the totality of the

circumstances, the evidence presented at the trial, viewed in the light most

favorable    to   the   Commonwealth,          is   sufficient   to   sustain   Appellant’s

convictions of simple assault, REAP, and PIC.                Consequently, Appellant’s

contrary argument lacks merit. Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of the

trial court’s opinion and adopt its reasoning as our own.4

       In Appellant’s issues numbered three, four, and five, he argues that

the verdicts were against the weight of the evidence. 5 Appellant’s Brief at

38-56. In essence, Appellant claims that the trial court erred in determining

the credibility of the testimony presented by Appellant and in weighing the

evidence presented by the Commonwealth.

       However, Appellant has failed to preserve a challenge to the weight of

the evidence for our review. Pa.R.Crim.P. 607 and its comment instruct that
____________________________________________

4
   The parties are directed to attach a copy of that opinion in the event of
further proceedings in this matter.
5
   We note that Appellant’s fifth issue contends that his convictions should be
vacated because the trial court failed to properly weigh the evidence
presented by Appellant and to consider the character evidence presented on
Appellant’s behalf. Appellant’s Brief at 50-56. As we stated previously, a
challenge to the weight of the evidence questions which evidence is to be
believed. Charlton, 902 A.2d at 561. Accordingly, we conclude that this
claim is also a challenge to the weight of the evidence.

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in order to preserve for appellate review a claim that a verdict is against the

weight of the evidence, the issue must be raised with the trial judge in a

motion for a new trial either orally or in writing prior to sentencing, or in a

post-sentence motion. Pa.R.Crim.P. 607. We reiterated in Commonwealth

v. Gillard, 850 A.2d 1273, 1277 (Pa. Super. 2004), “The purpose of this

rule is to make it clear that a challenge to the weight of the evidence must

be raised with the trial judge or it will be waived.”      Id. at 1277 (citing

Pa.R.Crim.P. 607, cmt).      The Gillard court concluded, “Rule 607 clearly

requires that such a claim be raised initially by a motion to the trial court,

and the failure to do so compels this Court to find the issue waived, even if it

was ultimately addressed by the trial court in its Rule 1925(a) opinion.”

Gillard, 850 A.2d at 1277 (citing Commonwealth v. Washington, 825
A.2d 1264 (Pa. Super. 2003)).

      Here, Appellant filed with the trial court a written post-trial motion for

judgment of acquittal after the conclusion of his trial and prior to sentencing.

However, our review of Appellant’s post-trial motion reflects that he

challenged only the sufficiency of the evidence in the post-trial motion, and

the trial court denied the motion prior to sentencing.           Subsequently,

Appellant raised his claims that the verdicts were against the weight of the

evidence in his Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement. Hence, we conclude that the

issues challenging the weight of the evidence are waived. Pa.R.Crim.P. 607;

Gillard, 850 A.2d at 1277.

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      In his next argument, Appellant again contends that he should be

granted a new trial because the verdict was not supported by the evidence.

Appellant’s Brief at 56-58.       To the extent that Appellant repeats his

challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence, we have concluded that such

claims lack merit. Furthermore, to the extent Appellant is again attempting

to challenge the weight of the evidence, as discussed above, any such claim

is waived for failing to present the issue properly to the trial court.

      In addition, Appellant also suggests that because he was acquitted of

aggravated assault he could not be convicted of the remaining crimes.

      We have long stated the following:

              This Court has held that consistency in verdicts in criminal
      cases is not necessary. It is well-settled that juries may render
      inconsistent verdicts. [J]udges have the same powers as juries
      when a jury trial is waived. Accordingly, a judge, in a non-jury
      trial, has the power to render inconsistent verdicts. As such, this
      Court will not disturb a guilty verdict on the basis of apparent
      inconsistencies as long as there is sufficient evidence to support
      the verdict.

Commonwealth v. Coon, 695 A.2d 794, 799 (Pa. Super. 1997) (citations

and quotation marks omitted).        As our Supreme Court explained, “[A]n

acquittal cannot be interpreted as a specific finding in relation to some of the

evidence.”    Commonwealth v. Campbell, 651 A.2d 1096, 1100 (Pa.

1994). Accordingly, we conclude that Appellant’s claim that his convictions

were not supported by the evidence based upon the fact that he was

acquitted of one particular charge lacks merit.

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     Finally, Appellant contends that he is entitled to a new trial because

his due process rights were violated when a potential defense witness was

allegedly intimidated by one of Appellant’s victims. Appellant’s Brief at 58-

63. Appellant has appended to his brief a notarized hand-written affidavit,

signed by a person who alleges to have been present at the incident, in

which the person avers that he did not appear as a witness at trial due to

threats from one of the victims. Although this issue was brought to the trial

court’s attention immediately before sentencing on March 14, 2014, the trial

court chose to proceed with the sentencing hearing and asked counsel

whether the parties would be prepared to hold a hearing on the claim on

April 25, 2014.

     The relevant text from the sentencing hearing follows:

     THE COURT: What else is there that you wish – if anything – for
     the Court to consider before we proceed to sentencing?

     [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Well, Your Honor, it has recently come to
     light that one of our witnesses, Eddie Bodax (ph), who is present
     in the courtroom today, who is a witness that I subpoenaed to
     testify a[t] trial who was an eyewitness to the incident at hand –
     he didn’t show up.

            And it’s come to my attention that the witness for the
     Commonwealth, Curtis Richardson, intimidated all witnesses,
     specifically him, who works at Charlie B’s (ph), saying that –
     pretty much that if anyone comes to court to testify that he was
     going to threaten to do them harm. I didn’t come into this
     information until after the trial. He’s written a statement, which
     is notarized, and I brought him to court today. And based on
     that information, I believe that that should warrant a new trial.

           Based on that information that the Commonwealth’s only
     witness, who you find credible, is going to Charlie B’s (ph), who

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     still goes there every day and – threatening people telling them
     not to come to trial to testify on my client’s behalf. I believe
     that to be very inappropriate. It should be looked into, and a
     new trial should be granted.

     THE COURT: I’ll hear from the Commonwealth.

     [ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY]: If I may respond, Your
     Honor, that is a motion for extraordinary relief, Your Honor.
     That can be done post – after the sentencing, Your Honor. . . .
     This information was given to me because, the day before
     yesterday, when I received the letter that Your Honor was –
     received as well, talking about a motion for extraordinary relief.

           I called counsel – I’ve handled many of those before – and
     asked him what’s the basis for that. He said he – then, two days
     ago, gave me this information, Your Honor. I asked him for a
     name and date of birth. He gave me the name and date of birth,
     but he made a mistake – everyone makes mistakes – and I’m
     getting the name of this witness here today for the first time.

           After that conversation, the first person I called was my
     complainant, because, as a prosecutor, I need to look and weigh
     and assess, because intimidation is obviously serious.       It’s
     happened on my side, and I take it very seriously. So, I need to
     call my witness, find out what happened, and weight [sic] and
     assess the credibility of these allegations.

           My witness, despite having come to court three of four
     times, is willing to come in and refute these allegations, Your
     Honor. I do believe there probably needs to be a hearing for the
     motion for extraordinary relief. I will also probably be a witness
     in that, based on conversation[s] that I had with my witness
     during the process for this trial, which would go to my witness’
     motive to do such a thing. So, I would need another DA to
     handle that.

           So, as I said, Your Honor, I notified counsel of all these
     issues yesterday – sent an email to the Court. We can proceed
     to sentencing today, Your honor, and then counsel can bring an
     oral motion for extraordinary relief.

     [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Your Honor, I’m sorry, but –

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      THE COURT: Do you wish to reply. Go ahead and respond.

      [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: -- I’m going to respond to that. I – It’s
      true, I don’t object to a new date being issued so we can argue
      the rules of extraordinary relief. However, I would ask, Your
      Honor, if you can hold on the sentence until then. And the
      reason why is because a separate reason I was going to request
      that Your Honor stall the sentencing is because if the motion for
      extraordinary relief is not granted, I will be filing an appeal to
      Superior Court.

            And pending that appeal and the outcome of that appeal, if
      it’s not favorable towards the defense, then we can move
      forward with sentencing.

      [ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY]: If I may, Your Honor?

      THE COURT: [Defense counsel], let me respond. We are going
      to proceed to sentencing today. I’m not taking any position on
      your motion for extraordinary relief, although we can set a date
      for a hearing on that matter at the conclusion of today’s hearing.

      [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Okay.

N.T., 3/14/14, at 9-13.

      Thereafter the trial court proceeded with the sentencing of Appellant.

At the conclusion of the sentencing hearing, the following transpired:

      THE COURT: This is – on [April 25], will the parties be prepared
      to   argue   [Defense  counsel’s]    particular    [motion] for
      extraordinary relief?

      [ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY]: Yes, Your Honor. I will
      have another DA handling it. Even if I’m on trial, I can come up
      for the purpose of the motion. Thank you, Your Honor.

      THE COURT: Is that a good date for you, Counsel?

      [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Yes.

      THE COURT: Thank you.

                                    - 17 -
J-S12025-15

N.T., 3/14/14, at 28.

       Our review of the record further reflects that on April 2, 2014, prior to

the scheduled April 25, 2014 hearing on Appellant’s oral motion, Appellant

filed a notice of appeal.        The trial court’s docket in the certified record

reveals the following entry for April 25, 2014:

       Motion for Extraordinary Relief

        The Court does not have jurisdiction to hear Defense’s Motion
        for Extraordinary Relief since an appeal of the guilty verdict
        and judgment of sentence on 3/14/14 has already been filed to
        the Superior Court of Pennsylvania.

        Judge Ann Butchart : ADA Guari Gopal : Def Atty James Lee :
        DRT Robin Sturdivant : Clerk Adrian Baule
        (Defendant present on bail)

Certified Record at Docket Entry 4/25/14.6 Moreover, the trial court stated

the following:

       On April 25, 2014, [Appellant] filed a motion for extraordinary
       relief alleging witness intimidation and newly discovered
       evidence. The Court did not entertain [Appellant’s] motion due
       to lack of jurisdiction. [Appellant] filed his appeal with the
       Superior Court of Pennsylvania prior to filing his motion for
       extraordinary relief, as such the Court took no action.

Trial Court Opinion, 7/9/15, at 9-10. Thus, our review of the record reflects

that the trial court never held a hearing on April 25, 2014, to address

____________________________________________

6
  We note that the certified record before us on appeal lacks a transcript for
any proceeding that may have occurred on April 25, 2014.

                                          - 18 -
J-S12025-15

Appellant’s motion and did not address any issue he presented therein.7

This poses a problem because we are not a fact-finding court.              See

Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d 726, 734 (Pa. 2002) (noting that

appellate courts do not act as fact finders).         We decline Appellant’s

invitations to have this Court address the merits of his allegation of witness

intimidation and grant him a new trial on that basis because this Court is not

a fact-finding court. As he admits in his appellate brief, Appellant may raise

this issue in a petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act

(“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. Appellant’s Brief at 61-63. In addition,

the Commonwealth has agreed that Appellant “must wait to raise this claim

in a PCRA petition.” Commonwealth’s Brief at 25. Accordingly, we dismiss

Appellant’s issue without prejudice to raise this claim in a timely PCRA

petition.

       Judgment of sentence affirmed.

____________________________________________

7
    We further note that Appellant’s motion for extraordinary relief is not
included in the certified record before us on appeal. Likewise, the affidavit
allegedly presented to the trial court is not contained in the certified record.
However, as previously stated, the proffered witness’s affidavit is appended
to Appellant’s brief to this Court.

                                          - 19 -
J-S12025-15

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/30/2016

                          - 20 -
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                                                                                                Circulated 03/02/2016 04:41 PM

                                    IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                               FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
                                        CRIMINAL TRIAL DIVISION

         COMMONWEALTH OF                CP-51-CR.0000137·2013 Comm. v. Lavame,-,Jerr
                                                          Opinion
                                                                                       CP-51-CR-0000137-2013
         PENNSYLVANIA                                                                  CP-51-CR-0000139-2013
                v.
         JEFF LAV ALLIERE                    HI IIIIHIIIIII
                                                   7317509931
                                                                                       1056 EDA 2014

                                                  OPINION

       . BUTCHART. J.                                                                  July 9, 2015
                                                                                                      FILED
                                                                                                        JUL O 9. 2015
                                                                                                    Criminal Appeals Unit
                                       I.        PROCEDURAL BACKGROUNJ)                         ,First Judicial District of PA
                On January 7, 2014, following a non-jury trial before this Court, Jeff Lavalliere

         ("Defendant") was convicted at docket number CP-51-CR-0000137-2013 of on~ count of Simple

         Assault (18 Pa.C.S. § 2701). one count of Possessing Instrwnents of Crime ("PIC') (18 Pa.C.S. §

         907), and one count of Recklessly Endangering Another Person (''REAP") (18 Pa.C.S. § 2705).

         At docket number CP-51-CR-0000139-2013. Defendant was convicted of one count of REAP.

         On January 21, 2014, defendant filed a post-trial motion for iudgment of acquittal. On March

         14. 2014, the Court denied defendant's motion.

                On that date, the Court imposed a sentence of two years reporting probation on the charge

         of Simple Assault, three years reporting probation on the charge of PIC, and no further penalty

        on the charge of REAP for docket number CP-51-CR-0000137-2013 (Complainant. Curtis

        Richardson). The Court also imposed two years reporting probation on the count of REAP for

        docket number CP-51-CR-0000139-2013 (Complainant, Frances Myrick). All probationary

        terms were ordered to be served concurrently.

                On April 2, 20 I 4, Defendant filed a Notice of Appeal from the judgment of sentence to

        the Superior Court of Pennsylvania. On April 25, 2014, Defendant filed a motion for

                                                                 1
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                extraordinary relief in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County. This Court did not

                entertain the motion due to lack of jurisdiction. Thereafter, on May 29, 2014, this Court issued

                an order pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925{b) directing Defendant to file a Concise Statement of ·
                                                                                                                                             I
                Matters Complained of on Appeal by June 19, 2014. On June 24, 2014, this Court filed a waiver                                l
                                                                                                                                             i
                opinion. On March 10, 2015, Defendant filed his Concise Statement of Errors Pursuantto

                Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure 1925(b) ("Statement").

                        In his appeal.Defendant asserts that that: 1) "the verdict goes against the weight of the

            evidence for all crimes; 2) the evidence was insufficient to sustain a conviction for all crimes; 3)

            the Commonwealth stipulated to the Defendant's Character and the Court did not give proper

            weight to the aforementioned when determining the guilt of the Defendant; 4) the Court

            completely ignored case(d) that governs the law of aggravated assault and simpl(y) assault.

            Accordingly, all charges should be dismissed; 5) the Court, in error, found Mr. Lavalliere guilty

            of Recklessly Endangering the Welfare of a Person, due to the fact that his actions did not place

            anyone in danger of serious bodily injury of death; 6) the verdict is against the weight of the

            evidence due to the fact that Jeff Lavalliere was found not guilty of Aggravated Assault; 7) Jeff

            Lavalliere should be granted a new trial due to the fact that the verdict is inconsistent with the

            evidence, witness intimidation and newly discovered evidence. Statement at 11 1-7 .1 For the

            reasons set forth below, Defendant's claims are without merit and the judgment of sentence

            should be affirmed.

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            1                                                                                                                            r
                For ease of disposition, these claims have been reordered and claims addressing the same subject matter have been
            combined in the Discussion section. Defendant's fifth claim, t.e.; that the Court erred in finding Defendant guilty of
            REAP is addressed and encompassed in Defendant's second claim. Defendant's fourth claim, that the Court ignored

                                                                                                                                     II
            case law that governs the law of Aggravated Assault and Simple Assault and all charges should be dismissed is
            waived due to vagueness/failure to state a cognizable claim.

                                                                       2
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---------·------· -                           ..... ·--··

                                            Il.         FACTUALBACKGROUND
                   At trial, the Commonwealth presented the testimony of Complainant, Curtis Richardson,
                                                                                                                          i
       Philadelphia Police Officer Dohan and Philadelphia Police Detective Cremen. Defendant                              i
                                                                                                                          I
                                                                                                                          I

       testified and also presented the testimony of John Solomon, Clifford Jeudy, and Joseph Gaskin.

       Viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as the verdict winner, their testimony

       established the following.

                   On December 14, 2012, Defendant was working as a security guard at Old Silver

      Lounge, Charlie B located at 153 East Chelten Avenue. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 15, 120-121. Defendant

      began his shift at 9:00 p.m, N.T. 1/7/14 p. 121. At approximately 11:45 p.m., Complainant,

      Frances Myrick, 2 lost her cell phone inside the establishment and reported it to Defendant. N. T.

       1/7/14 pp. 15-18. Defendant entered the bar in an attempt to locate the missing cell phone. N.T.

       1/7/14 pp. 18, 122. Ms. Myrick was intoxicated and became angry when her cell phone was not

      located,andwasaskedtoleavethebar.                     N.T.1/7/14pp.18·19,   77, 122-123. Ms.Myrick,and

      Complainant, Curtis Richardson, left the bar with approximately six other people. N.T. 1/7/14

      pp. 18-19. Ms. Myrick remained by the door and attempted to re-enter the bar. N.T. 1/7/14 pp.

      20, 123. Defendant forcefully told her that she could not re-enter and blocked her from gaining

      entry. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 20, 22, 124. Defendant and Ms. Myrick began to physically engage and

      tussle. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 22-24. A crowd began to form, approximately 10-15 people. N.T. 1/7/14

      pp. 38-39, 80. Defendant grabbed Ms. Myrick's arms, attempted to restrain her, and handcuffed

      her. N.T. 1/7/14 p. 125. Members of Ms. Myrick's group converged toward Defendant. N.T

      2 Complainant,   Frances Myrick, was also referred to as: Frances Mar and Tiffany Myrick throughout the course of
      the trial.

                                                                  3
1/7/14 p. 126. Defendant dragged Ms. Myrick into the street and eventually backed into a

parked car. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 24, 26, 29, 80, 126. Defendant ultimately handcuffed Ms. Myrick in

the street and planted his knee in her back. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 25-28. The crowd was

approximately eight feet away from Defendant and Ms. Myrick. N.T. 1/7/14 p. 27.

        Defendant told the crowd to "back up." N.T. 1/7/14 p. 31. Defendant then fired his gun

three times in the direction of Mr. Richardson. N.T. 1/7/14 p. 28. The police were notified and

arrived within fifteen seconds of receiving the call. N.T. 1/7/14 p. 50. Police officer Dohan

arrived and observed Defendant over the handcuffed Ms. Myrick with his knee on her back in

the middle of the street. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 50-51, 53. Officer Dohan smelled gun powder in the air

and observed multiple shell casings near Defendant. N.T. 1n/14 pp. 51, 54. Ms. Myrick was

transported to the hospital and treated for a large cut on her jawline. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 56, 66.

Defendant was detained and subsequently arrested. N.T. 1/7/14 p. 57.

                               m,     DISCUSSION

Sufficiency of the Evidence

       In considering a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, the Court must decide

whether, viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light most favorable to the verdict

winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable the fact finder to find every element of the crime

beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth v. Muniz, 5 A.3d 345, 348 (Pa. Super. 2010),

appeal denied, 19 A.3d 1050 (Pa. 2011) (citing Commonwealth v. Hennigan, 753 A.2d 245, 253

(Pa. Super. 2000)). The facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not

preclude every possibility of innocence.

       Any doubts regarding a defendant's guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the

evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter oflaw no probability of fact may be drawn

                                                 4
  .   -···   -·-·   --·-   ·--· --···· --·              .   --·   --·   .   -·   --·····--------··-···-----

from the combined circumstances. Commonwealth v. Cassidy. 668 A.2d 1143, 1144 (Pa. Super.

 1995), appeal denied, 681 A.2d 176 (Pa. 1996) (citation omitted). The Commonwealth may·

sustain its burden of proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of

wholly circwnstantial evidence. Id "Moreover, in applying the above test, the entire record

must be evaluated and all evidence actually received must be considered." Muniz, S A.3d at 348

(Pa. Super. 2010). Finally, ''the trier of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and
                                                                                                                      I
                                                                                                                      I
                                                                                                                      I

the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence," lg.

1. Simple     Assault
      Defendant alleges that the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction for Simple

Assault. Statement at 1 2. This claim is without merit.

      A person is guilty of simple assault ifhe: "(I) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly

or recklessly causes bodily injury to another; (2) negligently causes bodily injury to another with

a deadly weapon; (3) attempts by physical menace to put another in fear of imminent serious

bodily injury." 18 Pa.C.S. 2701(a).

      The evidence established that Defendant attempted to place Mr. Richardson in fear of

imminent serious bodily injury when he fired his gun three times in his direction. N.T. 1/7/14 p.

28. Mr. Richardson was approximately eight feet away from Defendant, was merely speaking,

and made no movement toward Defendant. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 27-28. In Pennsylvania, it is                              I
                                                                                                                  I

unlawful to point a firearm at another, whether loaded or unloaded. Commonwealth. v. Musi,                        f

404 A.2d 378, 381 (Pa. 1979). In the instant matter, Defendant pointed a loaded firearm at Mr.                    r

Richardson and shot in his direction three times. The evidence was sufficient for the fact-finder

to conclude, beyond a reasonable doubt, that Defendant placed Mr. Richardson in fear of
                                                                                                              I
                                                                                                              I

imminent serious bodily injury.
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                                                   s
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I·
           2.   nc
                Defendant alleges that the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction for PIC.

            Statement at ,r 2. This claim is without merit.

                To sustain a conviction for PIC, the Commonwealth must establish, inter alia, that Defendant

           "possesse[d] any instrument of crime with intent to employ it criminally." 18 Pa.C.S. §907(a).

           An "instrument of crime" is defined as "(l) [a]nything specially made or specially adapted for

           criminal use ... [or] (2) [a]nything used for criminal purposes and possessed by the actor under

           circumstances not manifestly appropriate for lawful uses it may have .... " 18 Pa.C.S. §907(d).

                In an attempt to place Mr. Richardson in fear of serious of death or bodily injury, Defendant

           fired at him from approximately eight feet away. The evidence established that Defendant

           possessed a loaded gun, which he pointed and shot three times in the direction of Mr.

           Richardson. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 27-28, 44, 52, 80, 127. The testimony of Officer Dohan, Mr.

           Richardson, and the physical evidence         3 presented   to the Court supported the charge of PIC and

           Defendant's reckless conduct. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 63-64. Accordingly, the evidence was sufficient

           for the fact-finder to.conclude, beyond a reasonable doubt, that Defendant criminally employed

           the gun.

           3. REAP
                Defendant alleges that the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction for REAP.

           Statement at ,r 2. This claim is without merit.

                To sustain a conviction for REAP, the Commonwealth must establish that Defendant

           "recklessly engage[d] in conduct which place[d] or [could] place another person in danger of

           death or serious bodily injury. 18 Pa.C.S. §2705. The Commonwealth must prove that

           3 According to Officer Dohan, the physical evidence corroborated Mr. Richardson's version of events. N.T. 117 / l 4

           p. 63-64.
defendant had an actual present ability to inflict harm and danger was created. Commonwealth

v. Martuscelli, 54 A.3d 940 (Pa. Super. 2012).

    The evidence established that Defendant recklessly engaged in conduct which placed both

Mr. Richardson and Ms. Myrick in danger of death or serious bodily injury. Defendant fired
three shots in the direction of Mr. Richardson who was standing approximately eight feet away

from him. N.T. l/7/i4 pp. 27-28, 44. By firing his gun three times at close range, Defendant

clearly placed Mr. Richardson in danger of both death and serious bodily injury. Ms. Myrick

was dragged and eventually handcuffed by Defendant in the middle of a two-lane street. N.T.

1/7/14 pp. 26, 51, 53, 80. Ms. Myrick was placed in grave danger of being struck by a passing

vehicle because not only was she handcuffed, she was also pinned on the ground by Defendant

with his knee in her back. N.T. 1/7/14 pp. 28, 51, 53, 59. Accordingly, the evidence was

sufficient for the fact-finder to conclude, beyond a reasonable doubt, that Defendant engaged in

reckless conduct that placed both Mr. Richardson and Ms. Myrick in danger of death or seriously

bodily injury.

Weight of the Evidence

       Defendant next argues that "the verdict goes against the weight of the evidence for all

crimes." Statement at ,r 1. This claim is without merit.

       It is well-established that a new trial may only be granted by the trial court where the

verdict was so contrary to the weight of the evidence as to "shock one's sense of justice."

Commonwealth v. Rossetti, 863 A.2d 1185, 1191 (Pa. Super. 2004), appeal denied, 878 A.2d I
864 (Pa. 2005) (quoting Commonwealth v. Hunter, 554 A.2d 550, 555) (Pa. Super. 1989)).
                                                                                                             I
Moreover, credibility determlnations are solely within the province of the fact-finder, and ''an         I
                                                                                                         I
appellate court may not reweigh the evidence and substitute its judgment for that of the finder of   l
                                                                                                     I
                                                                                                     I
                                                 7
 fact." Commonwealth v. Taylor, 63 A.3d 327 (Pa. Super. 2013) (quoting Commonwealth v,

 Shaffer, 40 A.3d 1250, 1253 (Pa. Super. 2012)). Whether a new trial should be granted on the

 ground that a conviction was against the weight of the evidence is addressed to the sound

discretion of the trial judge, and that decision will not be reversed on appeal absent a showing of

abuse of discretion. Commonwealth v. Pe,,tteway, 847 A.2d 713, 716 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citing
                                                                                                       L
Commonwealth v. Davis. 799 A.2d 860, 865 (Pa. Super. 2002)).

        In this matter, the trial evidence clearly established that Defendant committed the crimes

for which he was convicted. The Court credited the testimony of Mr. Richardson, Officer

Dohan, and Detective Cremen along with· the other evidence presented at trial over Defendant's

testimony. Because the evidence fully supported the verdicts, the Court did not abuse its

discretion in denying Defendant's motion for a new trial.

        Defendant further alleges that "the verdict is against the weight of the evidence due to the

fact that Jeff Lavalliere was found not guilty of aggravated assault." Statement at ,r 6. This

claim is without merit.

        The Court interprets this statement to mean that because Defendant was found not guilty

of aggravated assault, it was untenable for him to be found guilty of simple assault. Defendant

conflates two distinct charges, each of which has separate elements and intent requirements.

"For aggravated assault purposes, an 'attempt' is found where an accused who possesses the

required, specific intent acts in a manner 'Which constitutes a substantial step toward perpetrating

a serious bodily injury upon another." Commonwealth, v. Fortune, 68 A.3d 980, 984 appeal

denied, 78 A.3d 1089 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citations omitted). "An intent ordinarily must be

proven through circumstantial evidence and inferred from acts, conduct or attendant

circumstances." Id.

                                                  8
         Based on the evidence, the Court found that Defendant did not possess the specific intent

to inflict serious bodily injury on Mr. Richardson. Rather, the Court determined that when

Defendant fired three shots in the direction of Mr. Richardson, he "attempted by physical menace

to put   [him] in fear of imminent serious bodily injury." See 18 Pa. C.S. 270 l (a). As such, the

evidence fully supported the Court's finding.

         Defendant also alleges that "the Commonwealth stipulated to the Defendant's character

and the Court did not give proper weight to the aforementioned when determining the guilt of the

Defendant," Statement at 13. This claim is without merit.

         "It has long been the law in Pennsylvania that an individual on trial for an offense against
                                                                                                            I
                                                                                                                i
the criminal law is permitted to introduce evidence of his good reputation in any respect which             I

                                                                                                            ii
                                                                                                            I
has 'proper relation to the subject matter' of the charge at issue." Commonwealth v. Luther, 463
A.2d 1073, 1077 (Pa. Super. 1983). Evidence of good character should be regarded as evidence                I
                                                                                                            J

of substantive fact just as any other evidence tending to establish innocence, and may be                   I
                                                                                                        '
considered by the fact-finder in connection with all evidence presented in the case on the general

issue of innocence or guilt. Id. The Court, as the finder of fact, was free to credit the evidence

presented by the Commonwealth, and reject the character evidence presented by Defendant. No

relief is due.

         Lastly, Defendant alleges that "Jeff Lavalliere should be granted a new trial due to the

fact that the verdict is inconsistent with the evidence, witness intimidation and newly discovered

evidence." Statement at 17. This claim is without merit.

         As indicated supra, the verdicts were consistent with the evidence presented at trial.

Furthermore, on April 2, 2014, Defendant filed a Notice of Appeal from the judgment of

sentence. On April 25, 2014, Defendant filed a motion for extraordinary relief alleging witness

                                                  9
I   •

        intimidation and newly discovered evidence. The Court did not entertain Defendant's motion

        due to lack of jurisdiction. Defendant filed his appeal with the Superior Court of Pennsylvania

        prior to filing his motion for extraordinary relief, as such the Court took no action.

                                       IV.     CONCLUSION                                                     II
               For all the foregoing reasons, the Court's judgment of sentence should be affirmed,

                                                                      BY TIIE COURT:

                                                                      ANN M. BUTCHART, J.

                                                         10

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