Court Opinion

ID: 2782054
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-02-25 19:00:27.273709+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:45:30.102280
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                       MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     RAYMOND CHARLES COLLICA,                        DOCKET NUMBER
                 Appellant,                          DC-0752-12-0618-I-2

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY,                         DATE: February 25, 2015
                 Agency.

                THIS FINAL ORDER IS NO NPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Raymond Charles Collica, Tampa, Florida, pro se.

           Cynthia Ruckno, and David W. Claypool, Falls Church, Virginia, for the
             agency.

                                           BEFORE

                              Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
                              Anne M. Wagner, Vice Chairman
                                 Mark A. Robbins, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1        The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     affirmed the agency’s removal action. Generally, we grant petitions such as this
     one only when: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact;
     the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     sign ificantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                         2

     or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the judge’s rulings
     during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent
     with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting
     error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material evidence or legal
     argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not
     available when the record closed. See Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations,
     section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this
     appeal, and based on the following points and authorities, we conclude that the
     petitioner has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the
     petition for review.   Therefore, we DENY the petition for review.        Except as
     MODIFIED by our analysis relating to the agency’s authority to direct the
     appellant’s reassignment and remove him, we AFFIRM the initial decision.
¶2        The appellant was a Medical Evaluation Board (MEB) Attorney-Advisor in
     the Warrior Transition Battalion (WTB) stationed in Germany.          MSPB Docket
     No. DC-0752-12-0618-I-1, Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 12 at 20, 55.              He
     provided legal counsel to soldiers during the MEB process that served to
     determine whether a soldier’s long-term medical condition enabled him or her to
     continue to meet medical retention standards, in accordance with Army
     regulations. Id. at 91. The findings of the MEB were referred to the Physical
     Evaluation Board, which determined fitness for continued service and eligibility
     for disability compensation. Id. On October 1, 2011, the agency implemented
     the Integrated Disability Evaluation System (IDES), which streamlined the
     disability rating process and provided that all processing would occur in the
     continental United States.     Id. at 54.   On March 1, 2012, after the appellant
     declined a voluntary reassignment to the Walter Reed National Military Medical
     Center   (WRNMMC)         in    Bethesda,    Maryland,    the   agency    issued    a
     management-directed reassignment and cited the IDES as the reason that the
     appellant was needed in the continental United States, where the processing
     would now take place, rather than in Europe. Id. at 54-56. The appellant refused
                                                                                     3

     the reassignment and was removed from federal service effective May 25, 2012,
     for failure to accept a management-directed reassignment. Id. at 22.
¶3        The appellant filed an appeal arguing that his directed reassignment and
     subsequent removal were taken in retaliation for his whistleblowing.        After
     conducting a hearing, the administrative judge affirmed the agency’s removal
     action.   MSPB Docket No. DC-0752-12-0618-I-2, Refiled Appeal File (RAF),
     Tab 46, Initial Decision (ID) at 2.      She found that the agency’s decision
     concerning the appellant’s directed reassignment was a valid exercise of
     managerial discretion under the circumstances and was not arbitrary and
     capricious; therefore, the agency proved its charge by preponderant evidence.
     ID at 14-16. Concerning the appellant’s whistleblower claim, the administrative
     judge found that the appellant established that his June 16, 2010 disclosures were
     protected by 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) and a contributing factor in his removal under
     the knowledge/timing test.    ID at 21-24.    She also found, however, that the
     agency established by clear and convincing evidence that it would have taken the
     same action in the absence of the disclosures. ID at 24-32. Finally, she found
     that the agency established a nexus between the appellant’s refusal to accept the
     directed reassignment and the efficiency of the service and that the penalty was
     reasonable. ID at 32-33.
¶4        The appellant has filed a petition for review. Petition for Review (PFR)
     File, Tab 11.   He makes several arguments on review that challenge both the
     administrative judge’s findings and her rulings on discovery and hearing matters.
     Id. Among them, he argues that the agency committed harmful error because his
     supervisors lacked the authority to reassign and remove him pursuant to agency
     regulations. Id. at 17-23 (arguments 2, 3). He also argues that the administrative
     judge erred in her analysis of his whistleblowing claim, in part because she did
     not adequately apply Whitmore v. Department of Labor, 680 F.3d 1353 (Fed. Cir.
     2012), and in part because she failed to consider the other civilians in the
     WTB-Europe to be similarly situated to the appellant. Id. at 4-16, 25 (arguments
                                                                                            4

     1, 6). He argues that the agency produced some discovery a mere 6 days before
     the hearing and that he was prejudiced by the administrative judge’s denial of his
     motion to compel further discovery and grant an extension of time for him to
     review the large number of documents.         Id. at 27-30 (arguments 9, 10).       The
     agency has filed an opposition to the petition for review, to which the appellant
     has replied. PFR File, Tabs 17, 20. In light of the appellant’s arguments on
     review relating to the authority of the acting officials in this case, the Clerk of the
     Board issued an order requiring the agency to identify each agency official
     involved in the decision to direct the appellant’s reassignment and describe each
     official’s role in the reassignment, including their authority to direct the
     appellant’s reassignment. PFR File, Tab 21. The parties have filed responses to
     the order issued by the Clerk of the Board. PFR File, Tabs 25, 28-29. 2
¶5         The appellant asserts for the first time on review that the agency committed
     harmful error because the agency officials responsible for his reassignment and
     removal were not authorized to direct his reassignment from his duty station in
     Germany to the WRNMMC or to remove him based on his refusal to accept the
     management-directed reassignment. PFR File, Tab 11 at 17-23. In support of
     this argument, the appellant relies on an email he received in discovery from the
     agency and entered into the record shortly before the hearing allegedly showing
     that Colonel (Col.) J.K., the United States Army Medical Command Staff Judge
     Advocate who directed the appellant’s reassignment and was the deciding official

     2
       After the close of the record on review the appellant filed additional submissions that
     included evidence that he had not previously submitted in this case. See PFR File,
     Tabs 30-31. The appellant asserted that the existence of some of the evidence was
     “previously unknown” to him and not provided in discovery by the agency. PFR File,
     Tab 30 at 4. The Board’s regulations provide that, once the record closes, no additional
     evidence or argument will be accepted unless it is new and material as defined in
     5 C.F.R. § 1201.115(d) and the party submitting it shows that the evidence or argument
     was not readily available before the record closed. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.114(k). Because
     the appellant has not shown that the evidence was not readily available before the
     record closed, and has not alleged or shown that any of his discovery requests would
     have covered this evidence, we have not considered these submissions in our review.
                                                                                     5

     in the appellant’s removal, IAF, Tab 12 at 22-23, 34-35, and Col. J.H., Director
     of the Office of Soldiers’ Counsel who issued the advanced notice of
     management-directed reassignment and proposed the appellant’s removal, id.
     at 30-32, 54-56, “knew that any reassignment of Appellant’s position required the
     approval of both the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army . . . and The Judge Advocate
     General . . . of the Army, LTG [Lieutenant General] [D.C.],” PFR File, Tab 11
     at 18. The email in question, which was sent to Col. J.K. by Chief M.E., Senior
     Legal Administrator at the U.S. Army Medical Command at Fort Sam Houston,
     Texas, on August 17, 2012, after the appellant’s May 25, 2012 removal, IAF,
     Tab 12 at 20, indicates that the appellant’s position was never moved to Fort
     Belvoir, that “any change in a WTU [Warrior Transition Unit] position requires
     the Vice Chief of Staff approval,” and that it did not appear that there would be
     such approval. RAF, Tab 40 at 4, 7. The email also noted that the position was
     still on the “Heidelberg TDA [Table of Distribution and Allowances]
     (requirement and authorization) and scheduled to move to Landstuhl” and that the
     change will be reflected on the Fiscal Year 2014 TDA. Id. at 4; see PFR File,
     Tab 25 at 16 (declaration of Col. J.K. regarding the acronym “TDA”); see also
     RAF, Tab 39 at 180-81 (testimony of Col. J.H. regarding the acronym “TDA”).
     Chief M.E.’s email was sent in response to an August 16, 2012 email from
     Col. J.K. indicating that he had thought that the attorney “in the WTB has already
     been moved (auth not req) to WTB Fort Belvoir (This is Mr. Collica’s position).”
     RAF, Tab 40 at 4.     In a response to Chief M.E.’s email, Col. J.H. wrote on
     August 17, 2012, that she did not want an attorney in Europe. Id.
¶6        The Board generally will not consider an argument raised for the first time
     in a petition for review, such as the allegation of harmful error raised by the
     appellant, absent a showing that it is based on new and material evidence not
     previously available despite the party’s due diligence. See Banks v. Department
     of the Air Force, 4 M.S.P.R. 268, 271 (1980). Here, the agency provided the
     email in question, which was among what the appellant claims were more than
                                                                                              6

     1,800 emails, a mere 6 days before the hearing and only 1 day before the
     prehearing conference. RAF, Tab 32; PFR File, Tab 11 at 28, Tab 20 at 11. This
     delay hampered the appellant’s ability to review the materials and articulate the
     above argument for the administrative judge’s consideration.             Thus, we have
     considered the appellant’s argument relating to the August 17, 2012 email. Cf.
     Mendez v. Department of the Treasury, 88 M.S.P.R. 596, ¶¶ 11-13 (2001)
     (considering on review new and material evidence that the agency neglected to
     provide during discovery). 3
¶7         Even assuming, as Chief M.E.’s August 17, 2012 email suggests, that the
     agency could not move the appellant’s position to the continental United States
     without the approval of the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army (VCSA), see PFR
     File, Tab 25 at 16 (declaration of Col. J.K. that he did not have the authority to
     move the appellant’s position to the United States), the appellant has not shown
     that the agency committed harmful error in removing him. Harmful error is error
     by the agency in the application of its procedures that is likely to have caused the
     agency to reach a conclusion different from the one it would have reached in the
     absence or cure of the error.        5 C.F.R. § 1201.56(c)(3).       Here, the agency’s
     authority to move the appellant’s position on the agency’s TDA, essentially on an
     organizational chart, is not at issue in this case. The attempt by the agency to
     move the position the appellant occupied in Germany occurred after he had been
     removed. Rather, this appeal of the appellant’s removal implicates the agency’s
     decision to direct his reassignment from the position he occupied in Germany to
     an already-existing vacant position at WRNMMC, and the appellant’s refusal to

     3
       The appellant asserts that the admin istrative judge failed to grant h im an extension of
     time to review the emails, despite the agency’s apparent agreement to such an
     extension. PFR File, Tab 11 at 28 (argument 9). He contends that he did not discover
     many of the relevant emails until after the hearing, and that he has attached these emails
     to his petition for review as new evidence. I d. The appellant, however, has not shown
     how any of the emails he submits on review are relevant to the issues he has raised on
     review and would warrant an outcome different from that of the initial decision.
     See Russo v. Veterans Administration, 3 M.S.P.R. 345, 349 (1980).
                                                                                      7

     accept that reassignment.    See PFR File, Tab 25 at 16.        The movement of
     positions and the movement of personnel between positions are not synonymous.
     Id. Moreover, it is not unusual for a vacant position to remain on the books and
     unfilled until the position is moved or eliminated when “manpower accounting
     catches up.” Id. at 16, 19-20. Thus, this argument by the appellant is unavailing,
     whether it is framed as a claim of harmful error or as a claim that the agency did
     not prove that its removal action promoted the efficiency of the service.
¶8        The appellant relies on Army Regulation (AR) 690-200, chapter 213,
     section 4-13, and appendix C, section 3, in support of his claim that Col. J.K. did
     not have the authority to direct his reassignment. PFR File, Tab 11 at 22-23.
     Section 4-13 provides that the responsible qualifying authority, here the Judge
     Advocate General, will “[b]e notified before action is taken to involuntarily
     reassign . . . a civilian attorney.” Id. at 33, 38. Appendix C, section 3 provides
     that, with respect to lateral/change to lower grade actions, a “person who is
     appointed to a civilian attorney position may, upon approval of TJAG [The Judge
     Advocate General], be placed noncompetitively in another civilian attorney
     position at the same or lower grade by a new appointment, reassignment, or
     change to lower grade.” Id. at 43. The appellant, however, does not allege that
     AR 690-200 was part of the discovery documents provided to him by the agency
     shortly before the hearing or that AR 690-200 is otherwise new and material
     evidence that, despite his due diligence, was not available when the record closed.
     See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.115(d). In fact, it appears that AR 690-200 was not among
     those documents the appellant submitted below after the agency provided him
     with discovery documents shortly before the hearing. See RAF, Tabs 37, 39-44.
     The agency described the documents it submitted shortly before the hearing as
     consisting of emails from various individuals and a “2 March 2012 Supplemental
     Information Regarding Mr. Collica.” RAF, Tab 32 at 4. There is no indication
     that the agency provided a copy of AR 690-200 to the appellant as part of this
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     supplementation of discovery. Thus, the appellant has not shown that the Board
     should consider this new argument on review. See Banks, 4 M.S.P.R. at 271.
¶9        Even if we were to consider the appellant’s new argument that Col. J.K.
     needed the approval of TJAG to direct his reassignment, a preponderance of the
     evidence shows that Col. J.K. had such approval. Lieutenant General (Lt. Gen.)
     D.C. was TJAG during the period in question. RAF, Tab 39 at 182, 240, Tab 10
     at 11; IAF, Tab 14 at 5; see PFR File, Tab 25 at 7. The record reflects that the
     numerous emails the appellant sent to Col. J.K. protesting his reassignment were
     also sent to Lt. Gen. D.C. IAF, Tab 12 at 37, 39, 47, 50, 64-67, 74-75. It further
     appears that Lt. Gen. D.C. tasked Col. J.K. with responding to the appellant’s
     emails. Id. at 71. In his initial response, Col. J.K. informed the appellant that
     there was no longer a requirement for soldiers’ counsel to remain in Europe
     because all IDES processing effective October 1, 2011, would take place near
     Veterans Administration facilities in the continental United States.    Id.   Thus,
     Col. J.K. expressed regret that the appellant had declined the offer of a position
     identical to the appellant’s job but with a duty station at WRNMMC.             Id.
     at 71-72. There is no indication that Lt. Gen. D.C., having been aware of the
     appellant’s desire to remain in Germany, ever expressed any objection to the
     reassignment.   In fact, Col. J.K. averred that numerous times throughout the
     decision-making process concerning the appellant he personally coordinated with
     the Office of the Judge Advocate General Civilian Personnel Leadership, which
     was fully aware of, and posed no objection to, the decision to direct the
     appellant’s reassignment. PFR File, Tab 25 at 17. Under these circumstances,
     the agency has shown by preponderant evidence, i.e., that a reasonable person
     considering the record as a whole would find it more likely to be true than untrue,
     see 5 C.F.R. § 1201.56(c)(2), that Col. J.K. had Lt. Gen. D.C.’s approval to
     reassign the appellant. There is no indication in AR 690-200 that the approval of
     Lt. Gen. D.C. needed to be in writing or in some other form.           Thus, even
     considering this argument, which as set forth above is not based on new and
                                                                                      9

      material evidence, the appellant has not proven harmful error, and the agency has
      otherwise shown by preponderant evidence that it properly ordered the
      geographic reassignment due to bona fide management considerations in the
      interest of promoting the efficiency of the service and in accordance with agency
      discretion under 5 C.F.R. part 335. See ID at 7-16; see also Miller v. Department
      of the Interior, 119 M.S.P.R. 438, ¶ 8, aff’d as modified on recons., 120 M.S.P.R.
      426 (2013).
¶10        Even if Lt. Gen. D.C.’s approval had not been obtained, we would still find
      that the agency has proven its charge.       The Board’s review of a directed
      assignment action is to assure that this otherwise legitimate management tool is
      not used for illegitimate reasons and that, in so doing, it focuses on the actual
      reasons for the reassignment rather than the means by which it was effected.
      Cooke v. U.S. Postal Service, 67 M.S.P.R. 401, 406, aff’d, 73 F.3d 380 (Fed. Cir.
      1995) (Table).   That is, the Board’s review centers on the legitimacy of the
      reasons for the reassignment, not on whether the action was or should be reversed
      on technical, procedural, or other grounds. See id. Applying these considerations
      here, we agree with the administrative judge that the agency had a legitimate
      management reason for directing the appellant’s reassignment: that due to the
      September 1, 2011 implementation of the IDES through issuance of ALARACT
      (All Army Activities) Directive 374/2011, IAF, Tab 12 at 84-88; PFR File,
      Tab 17 at 4, all MEB proceedings would take place in the continental United
      States, such that the appellant’s presence in Germany was no longer needed. See
      ID at 3-5, 9-14; see also Cooke, 67 M.S.P.R. at 406. Any allegation that the
      agency used a “wrong method” to effect its otherwise proper decision to direct
      the appellant’s reassignment “does not impinge on the legitimacy of the reasons
      for the assignment, just the method by which it was effected.”             Cooke,
      67 M.S.P.R. at 406-07.
¶11        The appellant further alleges that, as an employee assigned to the
      WTB-Europe, only the WTB-Europe had the authority to initiate a reassignment
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      or removal action against him, not the appellant’s “technical supervisors” in the
      United States. PFR File, Tab 11 at 18. Again, the appellant did not raise this
      argument below, has not shown that it is based on new and material evidence that
      was unavailable before the record closed below despite his due diligence, and has
      otherwise provided no support on review for this bare allegation.           See Banks,
      4 M.S.P.R. at 271.     In fact, the record shows that Col. J.K. had supervisory
      authority over attorneys such as the appellant, who worked in the Office of
      Soldiers’ Counsel. PFR File, Tab 25 at 15.
¶12         The appellant contends that the administrative judge’s failure to grant him
      additional time to review the emails provided to him by the agency shortly before
      the hearing prevented him from requesting witnesses who would have “confirmed
      what the emails indicate, i.e. that VCSA, TJAG and WTB-E[urope] approval were
      required in order to reassign Appellant to the U.S.” PFR File, Tab 11 at 29-30
      (argument 10).      He does not, however, identify the witnesses he would have
      called or explain in greater detail the nature of their expected testimony. To the
      extent the appellant contends that these unnamed witnesses would merely
      “confirm” what was indicated in certain emails, he has not shown that such
      evidence would be relevant, material, and nonrepetitious.                 See 5 C.F.R.
      § 1201.41(b)(10).     We further discern no error in the administrative judge’s
      rulings on hearing testimony, 4 discovery, and motions, see PFR File, Tab 11 at 26
      (arguments 7-8), and we are not persuaded by the appellant’s argument that
      doctors, nurses, and employees in other occupations within the WTB-Europe are
      similarly situated to him, see PFR File, Tab 20 at 8.
¶13         We find no basis in the appellant’s petition for review to disturb the
      administrative judge’s determination that the appellant failed to establish his

      4
        The appellant argues that the administrative judge improperly lim ited the testimony of
      one of the witnesses concerning newly-h ired paralegals. The appellant has shown no
      abuse of discretion by the administrative judge in this regard. We find any such
      testimony to be of lim ited value to the issues on review.
                                                                                      11

      claim that he was reassigned in reprisal for his whistleblowing activity.       ID
      at 17-32.   In an adverse action appeal, such as this, an appellant’s claim of
      whistleblower reprisal is treated as an affirmative defense.        See Shibuya v.
      Department of Agriculture, 119 M.S.P.R. 537, ¶ 19 (2013).          Once the agency
      proves its adverse action case by a preponderance of the evidence, the appellant
      must show by preponderant evidence that he engaged in whistleblowing activity
      by making a protected disclosure under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) and that the
      disclosure was a contributing factor in the agency’s personnel action. Id.
¶14        As the administrative judge noted, the agency stipulated that, for limited
      purposes of this appeal, the appellant’s June 16, 2010 communications alleging
      fraud, waste and abuse included disclosures that are protected by 5 U.S.C.
      § 2302(a)(8). ID at 21. The agency’s stipulation satisfies the appellant’s burden
      of proving that he made a disclosure protected by 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8).
      See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.63.
¶15        Moreover, we agree that the appellant established that his June 16, 2010
      protected disclosures were a contributing factor in his directed reassignment, and
      thus, the removal action.    ID at 22-24.    As the administrative judge noted,
      Col. J.K. was the deciding official in the appellant’s removal action; he testified
      that he also had the authority, and made the decision, to direct the appellant’s
      reassignment to the Attorney Advisor position at WRNMMC; and he testified that
      he became aware of the appellant’s whistleblower retaliation claim before the
      agency directed the appellant’s reassignment.      Further, the reassignment was
      directed on March 1, 2012, approximately 1 year and 9 months after the
      appellant’s disclosure.     ID at 23-24.       Under these circumstances, the
      administrative judge correctly determined that the appellant met his burden of
      establishing, under the knowledge-timing test, that his disclosures were a
      contributing factor in the agency’s personnel actions. ID at 24.
¶16        Because the appellant made protected disclosures that were a contributing
      factor in his removal based on his failure to accept a directed reassignment, the
                                                                                        12

      agency was required to prove by clear and convincing evidence that it would have
      taken the same action in the absence of the protected disclosures. See 5 U.S.C.
      § 1221(e)(2).   We agree with the administrative judge that the agency met its
      burden.   ID at 24-32.   As the administrative judge recognized, in determining
      whether an agency has shown by clear and convincing evidence that it would
      have taken the same personnel actions in the absence of whistleblowing, the
      Board will consider the following factors: the strength of the agency’s evidence
      in support of its action; the existence and strength of any motive to retaliate on
      the part of the agency officials who were involved in the decision; and any
      evidence that the agency takes similar actions against employees who are not
      whistleblowers but who are otherwise similarly situated. ID at 25; see Carr v.
      Social Security Administration, 185 F.3d 1318, 1323 (Fed. Cir. 1999).
¶17        In examining the strength of the agency’s evidence, the administrative judge
      considered that the Department of the Army issued ALARACT 374/2011 on
      September 11, 2011, that the directive was implemented as ordered, and that the
      appellant’s directed reassignment to that position was consistent with, and a
      logical extension of, the directive to implement the IDES, and to return MEB
      clients to the continental United States for processing.          ID at 26.      The
      administrative judge further noted that, in accordance with the ALARACT
      374/2011 directive, the Army soldiers in Europe were being returned to the
      United States for the MEB process, and that even those few who were granted an
      exception were eventually returned to the United States for completion of the
      MEB process.     ID at 26.     The administrative judge rejected the appellant’s
      argument that his directed reassignment “was not justified from a work
      perspective,” noting that both Col. J.K. and Col. J.H. testified that the appellant’s
      former position in Wiesbaden, Germany, has not been filled, but that the MEB
      Attorney position that the appellant declined at WRNMMC was filled. ID at 26.
      The administrative judge also found that the agency’s decision to direct the
      appellant’s reassignment was a valid exercise of managerial discretion, and
                                                                                      13

      concluded that the agency’s evidence in support of its action directing the
      appellant’s reassignment, and removing him when he refused the reassignment,
      was very strong. ID at 26. We find no reason to disturb these findings on review,
      which are firmly grounded in the record.
¶18        Regarding the strength of any retaliatory motive on the part of the officials
      who were involved in the decision in question, we agree with the administrative
      judge that Col. J.H. was strongly motivated to retaliate against the appellant
      because of his June 16, 2010 protected disclosures, that she strongly disliked him,
      and likely wanted to see his employment with the agency terminated.             ID
      at 27-29; see, e.g., RAF, Tabs 24, 37, 39-43 (email correspondence from
      Col. J.H.). However, as the administrative judge recognized, it was not Col. J.H.,
      but Col. J.K., who made the decision to direct the appellant’s reassignment to the
      WRNMMC. ID at 29.
¶19        The administrative judge determined that, unlike Col. J.H., Col. J.K. was
      not affected by the appellant’s protected disclosures, he did not have any
      motivation to retaliate against the appellant because of his protected disclosures,
      and he did not have any animosity towards the appellant. ID at 29. He also
      carefully considered whether Col. J.H., acting because of an improper animus,
      influenced Col. J.K.’s decisions to direct the appellant’s reassignment, and to
      remove him, even if Col. J.K. was unaware of the improper animus when he
      implemented his decisions. ID at 30-31; see Staub v. Proctor Hospital, 131 S. Ct.
1186 (2011).   The administrative judge determined, however, that she did not
      make, or constructively make, the decisions concerning the appellant’s directed
      reassignment and/or his removal. ID at 31. In making her determination, the
      administrative judge noted, inter alia, that although Col. J.K. acknowledged that
      he discussed the issue of where they needed to locate personnel with other
      members of his staff, including Col. J.H., he stated that he did not recall
      specifically discussing the appellant’s directed reassignment with Col. J.H., that
      he made the decisions to direct the appellant’s reassignment, and to remove him,
                                                                                       14

      and that he also denied that he was improperly influenced by Col. J.H. with
      regard to those decisions because of any improper animus that she may have had.
      ID at 31.
¶20        Thus, even though the administrative judge found that Col. J.H. had a
      significant motive to retaliate against the appellant, she concluded that Col. J.K.,
      who made both the decision to direct that appellant’s reassignment to WRNMMC,
      and to remove him when he declined the reassignment, established a credible and
      compelling reason for directing the appellant’s reassignment, and that his
      decisions were not improperly tainted by any improper animus that Col. J.H. had
      towards the appellant. ID at 31.
¶21        We discern no error in the administrative judge’s finding that the agency
      proved by clear and convincing evidence that it would have removed the
      appellant in the absence of his disclosures. See ID at 17-32. In so finding, the
      administrative judge explicitly relied in part on demeanor-based credibility
      determinations, which the Board will not overturn absent “sufficiently sound”
      reasons for doing so. See Haebe v. Department of Justice, 288 F.3d 1288, 1301
      (Fed. Cir. 2002) . We find no such reasons here. Accordingly, we agree with the
      administrative judge that the appellant failed to establish his affirmative defense
      of whistleblower reprisal.
¶22        We decline the appellant’s invitation to review every objection and motion
      that he made below in the absence of a specific argument on review. See PFR
      File, Tab 11 at 31 (argument 13); see also 5 C.F.R. § 1201.114(b) (the Board’s
      regulations require that a petition for review state objections to the initial
      decision that are supported by references to applicable laws or regulations and by
      specific references to the record). We find immaterial the appellant’s arguments
      concerning the existence of other vacant attorney positions in Europe and an
      internal investigation, which he claims was tainted by a conflict of interest. PFR
      File, Tab 11 at 23-25 (arguments 4-6). Additionally, the appellant’s brief and
      unspecific argument concerning the administrative judge’s denial of his motion
                                                                                        15

      for interlocutory review does not persuade us to review this issue further. Id.
      at 31 (argument 12).
¶23        The appellant also argues that the administrative judge exhibited bias and a
      deep-seated favoritism toward the agency. PFR File, Tab 11 at 30 (argument 11).
      He asserts that the administrative judge engaged in ex parte telephone
      conversations “attempting to convince [him] to drop his case, stating . . . that he
      had almost no chance of prevailing and that he would be stigmatized as a
      whistleblower in public records following an initial decision affirming the
      [a]gency’s actions.” Id.     Administrative judges routinely engage in settlement
      discussions in which they may discuss the elements of a case and its strengths and
      weaknesses in order to pursue a resolution.         IAF, Tab 22; see Herman v.
      Department of Justice, 119 M.S.P.R. 642, ¶ 11 (2013).        Additionally, we have
      reviewed the hearing testimony in its entirety and disagree with the appellant’s
      unspecific assertions that the administrative judge selectively ruled in favor of the
      agency; indeed, we observe that the administrative judge sustained and overruled
      objections by both the agency and the appellant, and we discern no abuse of
      discretion in her rulings.     The appellant takes issue with the administrative
      judge’s characterization of an email in the record as bearing on his performance
      because the removal action is not performance-based. PFR File, Tab 11 at 30
      (argument 11). The administrative judge, however, made no findings concerning
      his performance or the merits of any performance-based action. She merely noted
      that Col. J.H.’s emails, such as the one indicating that she contemplated the
      adverse action based on performance, demonstrated that Col. J.H. strongly
      disliked the appellant and had a strong motive to retaliate against him, which is a
      finding in his favor.   ID at 28-29.    Thus, we find that the appellant has not
      established “a deep-seated favoritism or antagonism that would make fair
      judgment impossible.” See Bieber v. Department of the Army, 287 F.3d 1358,
      1362-63 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (quoting Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555
      (1994)).
                                                                                       16

¶24           Accordingly, we AFFIRM the initial decision AS MODIFIED by this Final
      Order. The appellant’s removal is SUSTAINED.

                        NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                           YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS
              The initial decision, as supplemented by this Final Order, constitutes the
      Board’s final decision in this matter. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113. You have the right to
      request the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit to review this
      final decision.
              The court must receive your request for review no later than 60 calendar
      days after the date of this order.      See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A) (as rev. eff.
      Dec. 27, 2012). If you choose to file, be very careful to file on time. The court
      has held that normally it does not have the authority to waive this statutory
      deadline and that filings that do not comply with the deadline must be dismissed.
      See Pinat v. Office of Personnel Management, 931 F.2d 1544 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
              If you want to request review of the Board’s decision concerning your
      claims    of   prohibited   personnel   practices   under 5   U.S.C.   § 2302(b)(8),
      (b)(9)(A)(i), (b)(9)(B), (b)(9)(C), or (b)(9)(D), but you do not want to challenge
      the Board’s disposition of any other claims of prohibited personnel practices, you
      may request review of this final decision by the United States Court of Appeals
      for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction. The
      court of appeals must receive your petition for review within 60 days after the
      date of this order. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(B) (as rev. eff. Dec. 27, 2012). If
      you choose to file, be very careful to file on time. You may choose to request
      review of the Board’s decision in the United States Court of Appeals for the
      Federal Circuit or any other court of appeals of competent jurisdiction, but not
      both.    Once you choose to seek review in one court of appeals, you may be
      precluded from seeking review in any other court.
              If you need further information about your right to appeal this decision to
      court, you should refer to the federal law that gives you this right. It is found in
                                                                                17

Title 5 of the United States Code, section 7703 (5 U.S.C. § 7703) (as rev. eff.
Dec. 27, 2012). You may read this law as well as other sections of the United
States   Code,    at   our     website,   http://www.mspb.gov/appeals/uscode.htm.
Additional information about the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, and 11.
Additional information about other courts of appeals can be found at their
respective         websites,          which            can     be         accessed
through http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
     If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to the
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website
at http://www.mspb.gov/probono for a list of attorneys who have expressed
interest in providing pro bono representation for Merit Systems Protection Board
appellants before the Federal Circuit.        The Merit Systems Protection Board
neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that any
attorney will accept representation in a given case.

FOR THE BOARD:                             ______________________________
                                           William D. Spencer
                                           Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.