Court Opinion

ID: 5142047
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-12-31 01:08:13.694918+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:24:32.659270
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                                STATE OF LOUISIANA

                                  COURT OF APPEAL

                                     FIRST CIRCUIT

                                   NO. 2021 KA 0521

                                STATE OF LOUISIANA

                                         VERSUS

                              KYRAN JAVON VAUGHN

                                                  Judgment Rendered:   DEC 3 0 2021

                                     On Appeal from the
                                 22nd Judicial District Court
                             In and for the Parish of St. Tammany
          h                           State of Louisiana
       C\
                      C t4         Trial Court No. 581744
              L
      w

                    Honorable Raymond S. Childress, Judge Presiding

                                          MEWS

Warren LeDoux Montgomery                          Attorneys for Appellee,
District Attorney                                 State of Louisiana
Matthew Caplan

Assistant District Attorney
Covington, LA

Marcus J. Plaisance                               Attorneys for Defendant -Appellant,
Mark D. Plaisance                                 Kyran Javon Vaughn
Prairieville, LA

                  BEFORE: WHIPPLE, C. J., CHUTZ, AND HESTER, JJ.
HESTER, J.

        The defendant, Kyran Javon Vaughn, was charged by bill of information with

armed robbery with a firearm, a violation of La. R.S. 14: 64 and La. R.S.                   14: 64. 3,

and obstruction of justice, a violation of La. R.S. 14: 130. 1.           Following a trial on the

matter, the defendant was found guilty of the responsive offense of first degree

robbery, a violation of La. R.S.        14: 64. 1, and guilty as charged on obstruction of

justice.    Both convictions were by ten -to -two verdicts.                  The defendant was

adjudicated a second -felony habitual offender. Enhancing the first degree robbery

sentence, the trial court sentenced the defendant on that count to twenty years

imprisonment at hard labor. For the obstruction ofjustice conviction, the trial court

sentenced the defendant to ten years imprisonment at hard labor. The trial court

ordered the sentences to run concurrently.

        The defendant appealed, and this court affirmed the convictions, habitual

offender    adjudications,    and   sentences.    The defendant applied to the Louisiana

Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari, challenging his convictions and sentences.

The Supreme Court granted the writ application in part by vacating the habitual

offender sentence and remanding for resentencing in light of State v. Lyles, 2019-

00203 ( La. 10/ 22/ 19),      286 So. 3d 407 (       per   curiam),   and otherwise denied the

application. See State v. Vaughn, 2018- 0344 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 9/ 24/ 18),               259 So. 3d

1048,   writ granted in part for resentencing, otherwise denied, 2018- 01750 (                    La.

11/ 25/ 19), 283 So. 3d 494.        On the enhanced twenty-year sentence, the trial court

resentenced the defendant to eighteen years imprisonment at hard labor.                          The

defendant filed a motion to reconsider sentence and, following a hearing on the

matter,    the motion was denied.          The defendant now appeals,            designating two

assignments     of   error.     We     vacate    both      convictions,   the   habitual    offender

adjudication, and the sentences.

                                                 2
                           ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1

        In   his   first assignment    of error, the     defendant    argues that     since   his

resentencing was not final at the time Ramos v. Louisiana, _ U.S. _,                   140 S. Ct.

13905 206 L.Ed.2d 583 ( 2020), was decided, his convictions and sentences must be

set aside since he was convicted by ten -to -two verdicts. According to the defendant,

his case is still pending on direct review.

        In Ramos, _     U.S. at _,    140 S. Ct. at 1397, the United States Supreme Court

abrogated Apodaca v. Oregon,' 406 U.S. 404, 92 S. Ct. 1628, 32 L.Ed.2d 184

 1972),   and held that the right to a jury trial under the Sixth Amendment of the

United States Constitution, incorporated against the States by way of the Fourteenth

Amendment of the United States Constitution, requires a unanimous verdict to

convict a defendant of a serious offense. The Ramos Court further noted that its

ruling applied to those defendants convicted of felonies by non -unanimous verdicts

whose cases are still pending on direct appeal.         Ramos, _      U.S. at _,    140 S. Ct. at

        In Griffith v. Kentucky, 479 U.S. 314, 321 n.6, 107 S. Ct. 708, 712 n.6, 93

L.Ed.2d 649 ( 1987), citing United States v. Johnson, 457 U.S. 537, 542 n. 8, 102

S. Ct. 2579, 2583 n. 8, 73 L.Ed.2d 202 ( 1982), the United States Supreme Court stated

that a final conviction, as opposed to a criminal case still pending on direct review,

was "   a case in which a judgment of conviction has been rendered, the availability of

appeal exhausted, and the time for a petition for certiorari elapsed or a petition for

certiorari finally denied."    See State v. Jackson, 480 So. 2d 263, 268- 69 ( La. 1985),

overruled on other grounds, State v. Sanders, 523 So. 2d 209, 211- 12 ( La. 1988)

          Oregon' s non -unanimous jury verdict provision of its state constitution was challenged
in Apodaca. Johnson v. Louisiana, 406 U.S. 356, 92 S. Ct. 1620, 32 L.Ed.2d 152 ( 1972), decided
with Apodaca, upheld Louisiana' s then -existing constitutional and statutory provisions allowing
nine -to -three jury verdicts.

                                                3
 indicating that cases pending on direct review included "           convictions which have

not become final upon first appellate review.").

        Additionally, in State v. Lewis, 350 So. 2d 1197 (           La. 1977) (   per curiam),

Lewis was convicted and sentenced and, on appeal, the Louisiana Supreme Court

affirmed his conviction, but vacated and set aside his sentence. The Supreme Court

remanded the case to the trial court for resentencing. After his resentencing, Lewis

filed an appeal. In its ruling in the new appeal, the Supreme Court stated as follows:

        Defendant does have a right to appeal from the imposition of the new
        sentence.   However, defendant' s conviction had already been affirmed
        and the judgment therein was final fourteen days after its rendition upon
        the failure of defendant to file an application for a rehearing. Any
        additional issues defendant wishes to raise in connection with his
        conviction, including an argument relative to effective assistance of
        counsel, must be brought to the attention of the courts by application
        for writs of habeas corpus.

Id. at 1198. ( Citations omitted.)      See also State v. Kelly, 2012- 1197 ( La. App. 1st

Cir. 4/ 1/ 13), 2013 WL 1300731, * 1 n.4 ( unpublished), writ denied, 2013- 1332 ( La.

11/ 8/ 13),   125 So. 3d 450 ( finding defendant' s conviction final when the Louisiana

Supreme Court denied defendant' s writ application and noting that allegations

related to the validity of the conviction should have been raised in the first appeal in

which the conviction was still at issue and not on appeal of the resentencing).

        In this case, the defendant' s convictions, habitual offender adjudications, and

sentences were affirmed by this court on September 24, 2018.                See Vaughn, 259

So. 3d at 1063.     On October 24, 20189 the defendant timely applied to our Supreme

Court for a writ of certiorari, challenging his convictions and sentences.               See La.

Code Crim. P. art. 922. On November 25, 2019, the Supreme Court denied the writ

application with respect to the defendant' s convictions and habitual offender

adjudications, but remanded for resentencing in light of Lyles, 268 So.3d 407.2 See

        2 While not specifically addressed in its remand language in Vaughn, 283 So. 3d 494, it is
clear the supreme court found that the defendant had been sentenced under the wrong provision of
the Habitual Offender Law and was entitled to resentencing under the more ameliorative provision
enacted by the November 1, 2017 amendment to the Habitual Offender Law, as discussed in Lyles.

                                                4
State v. Vaughn, 2018- 01750 ( La. 11/ 25/ 19), 283 So. 3d 494.              The defendant' s

convictions became final fourteen days later on December 9, 2019 upon his failure

to file an application for rehearing.         See Lewis, 350 So. 2d at 1198.   However, only

the defendant' s convictions in this matter were final prior to the Ramos decision

rendered on April 20, 2020.       The defendant' s sentences had not yet reached finality,

as the defendant was not resentenced by the trial court until August 31, 2020, which

is contrasted with State v. Brown, 2019- 370 ( La. App. 5th Cir. 1/ 15/ 20),         289 So. 3d

1179, writ denied, 2020- 00276 ( La. 6/ 22/ 20), 297 So. 3d 721, cert. denied, _           U.S.

     141 S. Ct. 1396, 209 L.Ed.2d 133 ( 2021) and State v. Sewell, 53, 571 (          La. App.

2nd Cir. 11/ 18/ 20), 307 So. 3d 362.

       In Brown, the defendant' s conviction and sentence were affirmed on appeal

in   1997.     After being granted a new sentencing hearing under Miller and

Montgomery, 3 Brown was resentenced and appealed his new sentence.                   The Fifth

Circuit Court of Appeal found that, although the defendant was resentenced pursuant

to Miller and legitimately exercised his right to appeal that resentencing,                  his

subsequent resentencing did not allow him the opportunity to challenge his

previously affirmed convictions. Brown, 289 So. 3d at 1181- 82, 1187.

       In Sewell, the defendant' s conviction and sentence became final in 2003.

However, on motion to correct an illegal sentence pursuant to the 2001 amendments

to La. R.S. 15: 529. 1, La. R.S. 15: 308, and State ex rel. Esteen v. State, 2016- 0949

 La. 1/ 30/ 18), 239 So. 3d 233 (    per curiam),     Sewell was resentenced and appealed,

arguing that the non -unanimous jury issue was properly before the court and that the

matter was on direct review due to his resentence on November 13, 2019.                     The

Second       Circuit Court of Appeal, however, determined that the trial court' s

       3 In Montgomery v. Louisiana, 577 U.S. 190, 212, 136 S. Ct. 718, 736, 193 L.Ed.2d 599
 2016), the United States Supreme Court held that Miller v. Alabama, 567 U. S. 460, 465, 132
S. Ct. 2455, 2460, 183 L.Ed. 2d 407 ( 2012), announced a new substantive constitutional rule that
was retroactive on state collateral review.

                                                  5
reconsideration of Sewell' s life sentence in light of Esteen was limited and did not

include reconsideration of any issues regarding his conviction.               Therefore, it was

only Sewell' s resentencing that was pending on review when Ramos was decided,

not Sewell' s conviction, which remained final. Sewell, 307 So. 3d at 364- 66, 368-

       In the recent decision of State v. Bryant, 53, 321 (          La. App. 2nd Cir. 9/ 1/ 21),

326   So. 3d 967 (" Bryant III"),       Bryant was convicted of armed robbery and

attempted aggravated rape by non -unanimous jury verdicts, adjudicated a third -

felony habitual offender, and sentenced to life imprisonment.                 However, Bryant

appealed, and the Second Circuit Court of Appeal vacated his habitual offender

adjudication and sentence and remanded the matter for resentencing.                     State v.

Bryant, 52, 743 (    La. App. 2nd Cir. 6/ 26/ 19), 277 So. 3d 874, writ denied, 2019-

01320 ( La. 10/ 8/ 19),    280 So. 3d      171 ("       Bryant V).   On remand, Bryant was

adjudicated a second -felony habitual offender and resentenced.              Bryant then filed a

motion to reconsider sentence, which was denied. Bryant appealed his sentences,

contending they were unconstitutionally excessive. The Second Circuit affirmed his

sentences, and the Louisiana Supreme Court denied Bryant' s writ. State v. Bryant,

53, 321 (   La. App. 2nd Cir. 3/ 4/ 20),    293 So. 3d 701, writ denied, 2020- 00611 ( La.

11/ 10/ 20), 303 So. 3d 1044 (" Bryant II").

       The Ramos decision was handed down on April 20, 2020, prior to the

Louisiana Supreme Court' s November 10, 2020 denial of Bryant' s writ seeking

review of his sentences.      Thereafter, Bryant petitioned the United States Supreme

Court for a writ of certiorari.     As later described by the Second Circuit, Bryant

 maintained that his case was not final when Ramos was rendered,"                      and "[   i] n

response, the Caddo Parish District Attorney conceded that Bryant was entitled to a

new trial because each conviction was rendered by a 10- 2 vote and his case remained

on direct appeal when Ramos was rendered."                  Bryant III, 326 So. 3d at 969.      On

                                                    2
June 28, 2021, the Supreme Court granted Bryant' s petition, vacated the judgment,

and remanded the matter to the Second Circuit for further consideration in light of

Ramos. Bryant v. Louisiana, _ U.S. _,                 141 S. Ct. 2847, _   L.Ed.2d _ ( 2021).

      On remand from the United States Supreme Court, the Second Circuit

observed that the minutes and the trial transcript showed that Bryant was convicted

by a non -unanimous jury on both charges.                 The court then concluded, without

explanation, that the " matter was still on direct review when Ramos was rendered"

and did not discuss the finality of Bryant' s convictions.           Bryant III, 326 So. 3d at

969. The Second Circuit found that Bryant was entitled to a new trial and vacated

his armed robbery and attempted aggravated rape convictions, as well as his habitual

offender adjudication and sentences.        Id.

      In this case, the defendant' s sentence was not final when Ramos was handed

down. In fact, the defendant was not even resentenced until August 31, 2020, more

than four months after the decision in Ramos.              Presently, the defendant appeals to

this court, arguing his eighteen -year sentence as a second -felony habitual offender

is excessive.    While the defendant in Bryant III had been resentenced and his

sentences were affirmed by the Second Circuit a month before the Ramos decision,

the Louisiana Supreme Court did not deny writs until November 10, 2020.                     Thus,

before Bryant' s sentences became final, Ramos had been handed down.

       We note that the district attorney in Bryant III conceded that Bryant was

entitled to a new trial, and we acknowledge that the district attorney in this case did

not make any similar concessions; rather, the district attorney here argues that the

date the defendant' s conviction, not his sentence, became final is the operative date

in evaluating the applicability of Ramos.'            Nevertheless, based on the United States

Supreme Court' s recent decision to vacate the judgment and remand the matter in

       4 Bryant III differs from prior case law focusing only on the date a defendant' s conviction
becomes final.

                                                  7
Bryant v. Louisiana and considering the Second Circuit' s subsequent decision in

Bryant III, we are constrained to find that the defendant' s case remained on direct

appeal at the time Ramos was rendered.          Accordingly, both of the defendant' s

convictions are vacated, and the defendant is entitled to a new trial on both counts.

Further, the defendant' s habitual offender adjudication and sentences are vacated.

                       ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2

      In his second counseled assignment of error, the defendant argues that his

eighteen -year sentence is excessive. However, this assignment of error is moot, as

the eighteen -year sentence has been vacated.

      CONVICTIONS,         HABITUAL       OFFENDER ADJUDICATION, AND
SENTENCES VACATED; REMANDED TO THE TRIAL COURT FOR
FURTHER PROCEEDINGS.