Court Opinion

ID: 2751065
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-11-13 19:05:57.290838+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:25:59.281529
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Berryhill v. Khouri, 2014-Ohio-5041.]

                 Court of Appeals of Ohio
                                   EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                      COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

                                  JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                          No. 100173

                                          MARY BERRYHILL

                                                   PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT

                                                    vs.

                                    RUSTOM R. KHOURI, ET AL.

                                                   DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES

                                                 JUDGMENT:
                                                  AFFIRMED

                                        Civil Appeal from the
                               Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                      Case No. CV-10-721073

        BEFORE: Kilbane, J., Rocco, P.J., and Keough, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED:                    November 13, 2014
APPELLANTS

Mary Berryhill, pro se
345 East Pioneer Trail
Aurora, Ohio 44202

Robert Berryhill, pro se
Inmate No. 58898060
Morgantown Federal Correction Institution
P.O. Box 1000
Morgantown, WV 26507-1000

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES

James R. Wooley
Mary M. Dyczek
Katie M. McVoy
Jones Day
North Point
901 Lakeside Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 44114

Robert B. Weltman
Weltman Weinberg & Reis Co., L.P.A.
323 W. Lakeside Avenue
Suite 200
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J.:

       {¶1}    This appeal arises from the trial court’s order that vacated a settlement agreement

entered into by appellants, Mary Berryhill (“Mary”) and Robert Berryhill (“Robert”)

(collectively, the “Berryhills”) and appellees Rustom Khouri (“Rustom”), Mary Khouri

(“Khouri”) (collectively, the “Khouris”), Carnegie Management and Development Corporation

(“Carnegie”) and various limited liability companies. The Berryhills additionally challenge the

order that granted appellees summary judgment on their claim for fraudulent inducement to enter

into a business relationship, and awarded appellees damages and attorney fees.

       {¶2}    On March 12, 2010, Mary filed a complaint against the Khouris, Carnegie, and

various limited liability companies (collectively referred to as “appellees”), claiming a 10 percent

ownership interest in various limited liability companies.       Mary alleged that her husband,

Robert, served as Carnegie’s vice president of commercial development, and as part of Robert’s

compensation, she is entitled to a partial ownership interest in the various development deals that

he completed. Mary set forth claims for inspection of records, breach of fiduciary duties, breach

of contract, unjust enrichment, and conspiracy.

       {¶3}    For their answer, appellees admitted that Robert’s compensation for various

development projects made Mary eligible to receive an ownership interest of up to 10 percent in

each project, and they admitted that she had been issued a Schedule K-1 statement, setting forth

her receipt of income for several of the limited liability companies. Appellees maintained,

however, as an affirmative defense, that the ownership interests were obtained by fraud.

Appellees asserted that in September 2009, they learned that Robert had been stealing from

appellees’ Knoxville, Tennessee FBI building project. He was ultimately convicted of various
offenses related to this conduct.1 Appellees also alleged that further investigation uncovered

additional thefts from appellees’ development projects. Appellees maintained that Mary was

aware of Robert’s scheme to embezzle funds and agreed to assist him, allowing him to put the 10

percent interest in the limited liability companies in her name.

       {¶4}    Appellees also set forth claims against the Berryhills for aiding and abetting,

tortious conduct, breach of contract, abuse of process, violation of Ohio’s Corrupt Practices Act,

fraudulent transfers, conspiracy, unjust enrichment, fraud in the inducement, and embezzlement.

       {¶5}    On October 17, 2011, appellees moved for partial summary judgment and argued

that neither Mary nor Robert are entitled to an ownership interest in three limited liability

companies formed after Robert began embezzling funds. On December 21, 2011, the trial court

issued a four-page judgment entry in which it granted appellees partial summary judgment and

held, in relevant part, as follows:

       It is undisputed that [Robert] began embezzling money from the Carnegie Group
       no later than August 6, 2008. It is also undisputed that entities subject to this
       partial summary judgment were formed after August 6, 2008: Crown Point was
       formed on September 22, 2009; Canton Courthouse was formed on January 15,
       2009; and Indy Fedreau was formed April 15, 2009.

       ***

       Therefore, at the point of [Robert’s] material breach, [appellees] were excused

       from performance.        Therefore [appellees] were not obligated to award any

       ownership interest to Mary after August 6, 2008, when Robert began embezzling

       money from the Carnegie Group and the LLCs.

       1In April 2013, Robert pled guilty to five counts of mail fraud, two counts of
wire fraud, and one count each of aggravated identity theft and false personation of
an officer or employee of the United States. He was sentenced to six years in
prison.
       {¶6}    On November 16, 2012, appellees filed a second motion for partial summary

judgment in which they asserted that they learned during the July 18, 2012 deposition of Robert

that his prior representations about his education were untrue, and that he does not have a

bachelor’s degree in real estate development from the University of Colorado and does not have

a master’s degree in real estate development and finance from the University of Denver.

Appellees argued that they had been fraudulently induced to hire Robert in 1998 based upon his

false representations regarding his education. In support of this claim, appellees submitted an

affidavit from Khouri, in which she averred in part as follows:

       7.      [Robert] sought employment with Carnegie in 1998. At that time, he
               represented to [Rustom] and me that he had a bachelor’s degree in real
               estate development from the University of Colorado and undertook
               master’s studies in real estate development and finance at the University of
               Denver.

       8.      [Rustom] and I relied on these representations when we made the decision
               to have [Robert] join Carnegie as an independent contractor. Given that
               [Robert] would be serving as Vice President and taking an active role in
               the development of Carnegie projects, it was important that he have the
               proper educational background.

       9.      Throughout his tenure at Carnegie, [Robert] frequently referenced his
               master’s studies in real estate. He would tell me and other Carnegie
               employees about his educational background, touting his expertise and
               creative financing skills and bragging about how those skills were highly
               valued by his previous employer.

       10.     Carnegie’s reliance upon [Robert’s] representations about his education is
               clear from its actions during the parties’ relationship. Carnegie regularly
               included [Robert’s] educational background on proposals for government
               projects and seriously considered the advice he gave because it was given
               under the pretense that he had six years of education in real estate in
               addition to his real world experience.

       11.     As a result of [Robert’s] lies about his education background, he was
               given a position at Carnegie as Vice President of Development. * * *
       12.     If I had known that [Robert] did not have a bachelor’s degree and did not
               complete his master’s studies, Carnegie would not have hired him.

       {¶7}    Appellees also demonstrated that Robert permitted the false educational

information to be included within proposals that appellees submitted on various development

projects, including appellees’ 1999 proposal for the development and construction of the FBI

field office building in Cleveland.      Appellees asserted that newly discovered information

indicated that Robert’s thefts began as 2002, with the creation of sham invoices in the Cartario

project.

       {¶8}    In opposition, Robert averred that he was never asked about his education at the

time he was hired. On December 21, 2012, the parties entered into a settlement agreement.

       {¶9}    Several months after the settlement agreement was signed, on March 19, 2013,

appellees filed a motion for relief from the settlement agreement and for attorney fees.

Appellees maintained that the settlement was premised upon the Berryhills’ fraudulent

representations that they lacked assets and funds to satisfy a judgment. However, appellees later

learned from Robert’s 2012 involvement with the Veterans’ Administration Butler project that

the Berryhills actually had numerous assets, including cars, a house, and an ownership interest in

a partnership agreement that was worth approximately $5.2 million.          Robert also received

income of approximately $35,000 during the time in which the settlement was being negotiated.

       {¶10} The Berryhills initially opposed appellees’ motion to vacate the settlement

agreement, but withdrew their brief in opposition on April 23, 2013. On May 8, 2013, the trial

court vacated the settlement agreement, following oral arguments. On that same date, the trial

court also issued the following entry:

       On oral arguments held before this court on 5/7/13 the court hereby grants the
       Defendant/Counter-claim Plaintiff’s motion for partial summary judgment as
       follows: the Court grants summary judgment on the Defendant/Counter-claim
       Plaintiff’s claim for fraudulent inducement. The Court finds by clear and
       convincing evidence that counter-claim defendant [Robert] fraudulently induced
       the Defendant/Counterclaim Plaintiff into entering into the underlying
       employment contract by lying about his education background. [Robert] indicated
       that he completed a bachelors, as well as, had taken masters’ courses when, in
       fact, neither were true. The Defendant/Counter-claim Plaintiff relied on this
       material misrepresentation as evidenced by that fact that within less than a year of
       his hire date, Defendant/Counter-claim Plaintiff included the [Robert’s] false
       educational background in their submission of documents to the FBI for a project
       bid. Therefore, as the Defendant/Counter-claim Plaintiff was fraudulently
       induced into entering into the underlying employment contract, the contract is
       void and [Mary] does not have an interest in any of the LLCs listed in her
       complaint. As such, the court grants Defendant/Counter-claim Plaintiff’s
       summary judgment as to all of plaintiff [Mary’s] claims, and the court hereby
       dismisses those claims with prejudice. Furthermore, the court finds that there is
       no genuine issue of material fact as to whether [Robert] embezzled $219,796.45
       from Knoxbi, and therefore grants summary judgment on Defendant/Counterclaim
       Plaintiff’s embezzlement claim against [Robert] in the amount of $219,796.45.
       The court denies the Defendant/Counter-claim plaintiff’s request to treble these
       damages. Additionally, the court denies the Plaintiff /Counter-claim Defendant’s
       attorneys’ motion to withdraw as counsel. The court orders that discovery be
       re-opened in this matter. An evidentiary hearing for attorney fees is set for June
       4, 2013 at 2:00 pm, and trial for this matter is set for November 6, 2013 at 9:00
       am.

       {¶11} Following an additional hearing on May 29, 2013, the court also awarded appellees

attorney fees and costs in connection with Robert’s fraud and embezzlement and in connection

with the Berryhills’ fraudulent inducement to enter into the settlement agreement. In a written

opinion detailing its analysis, the trial court observed that the action had been pending since

March 2010 and involved complex and novel issues. The court also found that appellees are

represented by a large corporate law firm, that there is detailed evidence regarding the amount of

fees and costs, and that counsel had successfully defended against the Berryhills’ claims that

appellees owed them millions of dollars in connection with the limited liability companies. The

court ordered the Berryhills to pay appellees $693,631.50 for attorney fees and $33,170.47 for

costs. The Berryhills now appeal and assign the following error for our review:
        The trial court erred in (i) granting partial summary judgment to Appellees on
        their fraudulent inducement claim; and (ii) awarding Appellees $693,631.50 in
        attorney fees on a single count of fraudulent inducement.

        {¶12} Having reviewed the record de novo, and considered the controlling case law, we

conclude that the assignment of error is without merit. Therefore, we affirm.

        {¶13} An appellate court reviews a decision granting summary judgment on a de novo

basis. Grafton v. Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio St. 3d 102, 105, 1996-Ohio-336, 671 N.E.2d 241.

        {¶14} Summary judgment is properly granted when (1) there is no genuine issue as to any

material fact; (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3) reasonable

minds can come to but one conclusion, and that conclusion is adverse to the party against whom

the motion for summary judgment is made. Civ.R. 56(C); State ex rel. Duganitz v. Ohio Adult

Parole Auth., 77 Ohio St. 3d 190, 191, 1996-Ohio-326, 672 N.E.2d 654. Once a moving party

satisfies its burden of supporting its motion for summary judgment with sufficient and acceptable

evidence pursuant to Civ.R. 56(C), the nonmoving party must set forth specific facts,

demonstrating that a “genuine triable issue” exists to be litigated for trial. State ex rel.

Zimmerman v. Tompkins, 75 Ohio St. 3d 447, 449, 1996-Ohio-211, 663 N.E.2d 639.

        {¶15} Herein, the Berryhills challenge the trial court’s award of summary judgment to

appellees on appellees’ counterclaim that Robert fraudulently induced appellees to hire him

based upon his false representations. The Berryhills additionally challenge the award of attorney

fees.

                                     Fraud in the Inducement

        {¶16} The elements of fraud in the inducement are:

        “(1) a representation of fact, (2) which is material to the transaction at hand, (3)
        made falsely, with knowledge of its falsity, or with utter disregard and
        recklessness, as to whether it is true or false, (4) with the intent of misleading
        another into relying upon it, (5) justifiable reliance upon the representation, (6)
        and a resulting injury proximately caused by the reliance.”

H&M Landscaping Co., Inc. v. Abraxus Salt, L.L.C., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94268,

2010-Ohio-4138, ¶ 22, quoting Mtge. Electronic Registration Sys., Inc. v. Mosley, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 93170, 2010-Ohio-2886, ¶ 34, and Natl. City Bank v. Slink & Taylor, L.L.C., 11th

Dist. Portage No. 2002-P-0045, 2003-Ohio-6693, ¶ 23.

        {¶17} The same fraud analysis is applied in cases involving résumé fraud and fraud on an

employment application where the wrongdoing was of such severity that the employee would not

have been hired if the employer had known the true facts, or would have terminated the employee

on those grounds alone if the employer had known of it. See, e.g., Miller v. Alldata Corp., 14

Fed.Appx. 457, 468 (6th Cir.2001).

        {¶18} In this matter, the Berryhills insist that Robert was hired on the basis of his 15-year

history in working in commercial real estate development, and that he was never asked about his

educational credentials “when he was hired, nor did he volunteer the information at that time.”

The record contains unrefuted evidence that demonstrates that when Robert first sought

employment with Carnegie in 1998, he made the untrue representations.              The record also

contains unrefuted evidence that Robert made repeated oral statements regarding his false

credentials throughout the parties’ association, including statements made under oath during his

2010 deposition in unrelated proceedings. Moreover, there is no genuine issue of material fact

that Robert permitted a résumé containing false educational achievements to be presented to

potential clients.

        {¶19} In addition, it is undisputed that the false information was relied upon by appellees

because Robert’s falsely stated credentials were regularly included in proposals for governmental
projects, projects that would plainly demand truthful information regarding Robert and other key

personnel involved in the project.      In this regard, appellees demonstrated that the false

representations were both material and relied upon in 1999 when Carnegie submitted the Phase I

proposal for the FBI office in Cleveland. Moreover, since the association between the parties

proceeded as a series of transactions, the false representations were material to each ensuing

transaction.

       {¶20} In accordance with all of the foregoing, the trial court did not err in awarding

appellees summary judgment.     This portion of the assignment of error is without merit.

                                         Attorney Fees

       {¶21} As an initial matter, we note that in general attorney fees may be awarded in

connection with a claim for fraudulent inducement to enter into a contract. See, e.g., Romp v.

Haig, 110 Ohio App. 3d 643, 647, 675 N.E.2d 10 (1st Dist.1995); Potter Fur & Roots, Inc. v.

Potter Group Worldwide, Inc., 11th Dist. Portage No. 2005-P-0101, 2006-Ohio-4172.              In

addition, where a judgment is vacated because of fraud, a trial court may, within the proper

exercise of its discretion, award the movant attorney fees as a sanction against the nonmoving

party. See Byers v. Robinson, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 08AP-204, 2008-Ohio-4833, ¶ 23.

       {¶22} When a court is empowered to award attorney fees, “the amount of such fees is

within the sound discretion of the trial court. Unless the amount of fees determined is so high or

so low as to shock the conscience, an appellate court will not interfere.” Bittner v. Tri-County

Toyota, Inc., 58 Ohio St. 3d 143, 146, 569 N.E.2d 464 (1991), quoting Brooks v. Hurst

Buick-Pontiac-Olds-GMC, Inc., 23 Ohio App. 3d 85, 91, 491 N.E.2d 345 (12th Dist.1985).

       {¶23} A trial court’s determination of reasonable attorney fees must generally begin with

a calculation of “the number of hours reasonably expended on the case times an hourly fee.”
Bittner at 145. In order to establish this minimum baseline for the determination of attorney

fees, the party requesting the award bears the burden of providing evidence of hours worked, and

the hours worked should be necessary to the action.         Unick v. Pro-Cision, Inc., 7th Dist.

Mahoning No. 09MA 171, 2011-Ohio-1342, ¶ 27-30.              The requesting party also bears the

burden of establishing that the hourly rate is reasonable, and the amount is to be calculated

according to the prevailing market rates in the relevant community, taking into consideration the

experience, skill, and reputation of the attorney. Sivit v. Village Green of Beachwood, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 98401, 2013-Ohio-103, ¶ 70. Once the requesting party has adequately proven an

appropriate number of hours worked and the attorney’s reasonable hourly fee, the trial court may

modify this baseline calculation by considering the factors listed in former DR 2-106(B), now

found in Prof.Cond. R. 1.5, which include:

       [T]he time and labor involved in maintaining the litigation; the novelty and
       difficulty of the questions involved; the professional skill required to perform the
       necessary legal services; the attorney’s inability to accept other cases; the fee
       customarily charged; the amount involved and the results obtained; any necessary
       time limitations; the nature and length of the attorney/client relationship; the
       experience, reputation, and ability of the attorney; and whether the fee is fixed or
       contingent. All factors may not be applicable in all cases and the trial court has
       the discretion to determine which factors to apply, and in what manner that
       application will affect the initial calculation.

Bittner at 145-146.

       {¶24} In this matter, appellees’ lead attorney, James Wooley, testified regarding his

extensive experience in federal criminal prosecution as an Assistant United States Attorney, a

corporate civil litigation attorney at Baker & Hostetler, L.L.P., and then at Jones Day, where he is

a partner. Wooley testified that initially, he focused upon recovering the funds that Robert

wrongfully took from appellees. Wooley opined that after Robert pled guilty to his offenses in

2013, Mary did not have meritorious claims against appellees. He repeatedly warned her that
her interest in the various projects would be deemed invalid because of her husband’s actions,

and he attempted to obtain a restitution plan from Robert to settle the matter.

       {¶25} Wooley further testified that when Mary disregarded his warning and filed this

action, he was forced to take a defensive position, and then filed the counterclaims. Since the

factual predicate of the lawsuit is Robert’s fraud and embezzlement, he was required to

reexamine all of Robert’s dealings with Carnegie and appellees, as well as the conduct of Mary

in order to follow the trail of funds to her. Discovery was both difficult and costly because of

the failure of the Berryhills to provide information about their assets.

       {¶26} Wooley also testified that he was very cost-conscious in his billing, but the

three-year duration of the litigation as well as the various component pieces drove the fees to

almost $700,000.      Wooley explained that he did not bill for all of the hours worked.

Specifically, he did not bill for all of the time he spent working with the FBI, he is not seeking

fees for items that preceded the filing of Mary’s complaint and is not seeking fees for preparing

for the hearing on the second motion for partial summary judgment, which ultimately led to the

settlement agreement. He worked on the matter with two associates in order to keep fees lower,

whereas the Berryhills had three partners representing them.

       {¶27} As to the hourly rate, Wooley testified that the rate at which the firm bills his time

is commensurate with other large corporate firms in the area, including Squire, Sanders &

Dempsey, L.L.P. (n.k.a. Squire Patton Boggs) and Thompson Hine, L.L.P.               The rate for

associates is lower than his rate, and he stated that he delegated the “heavy lifting” and

day-to-day work on the case to the associates for this reason.

       {¶28} Wooley sought fees in the amount of $693,631.50, or about $200,000 for each of

the three years during which the case was pending. Wooley also testified that appellees incurred
various costs, such as, court reporter fees, research fees, copying, and courier services. The total

for these items is $33,170.47.

       {¶29} Mary presented no evidence in opposition. Rather, she urged the trial court to

award a lower hourly rate and maintained that, since appellees prevailed only on the claim for

fraudulent inducement, a reasonable fee amount would be $48,138. The trial court awarded

appellees $693,631.50 in attorneys’ fees and $33,170.47 for costs.

       {¶30} We find no abuse of discretion. The fraud perpetrated by Robert was so extensive

as to taint virtually all of the parties’ complex and lengthy association. Moreover, the fraudulent

actions, and concealment increased the difficulty and complexity of the litigation, increased the

time and effort needed to determine the scope of Robert’s actions as well as the true nature of his

assets, and required both criminal prosecution and civil mechanisms to unravel. The fraud even

continued throughout the settlement period and it was not until the conclusion of the litigation

that appellees finally obtained an accurate picture of the conduct and assets of the Berryhills.

Therefore, the trial court       correctly determined that the Berryhills’ extensive fraud was a

“common core” of all of the fees sought. Accordingly, this matter required great professional

skill in both criminal and civil litigation, and excellent results were obtained for the clients. In

addition, the fees charged were greatly discounted and the hourly rate is commensurate with

those charged by large corporate firms in this community.

       {¶31} We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in rendering the

attorneys fees award and the award of costs.

       {¶32} The assignment of error is without merit.

       {¶33} Judgment is affirmed.

       It is ordered that appellees recover from appellants costs herein taxed.
       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into

execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the

Rules of Appellate Procedure.

MARY EILEEN KILBANE, JUDGE

KENNETH A. ROCCO, P.J., CONCURS;
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., DISSENTS (SEE SEPARATE OPINION)

KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., DISSENTING:

       {¶34} I respectfully dissent and disagree with the majority’s decision to affirm the trial

court’s judgment granting partial summary judgment on the basis of fraud in the inducement. I

would find that genuine issues of material fact exist whether Robert misrepresented his

educational background prior to or at the time of being hired, thus inducing the appellees to hire

him.

       {¶35} In support of their motion for partial summary judgment on the fraud in the

inducement claim, the appellees rely on Khouri’s affidavit wherein she avers that Robert’s

education was discussed and relied on when he was hired, and that his educational background

was submitted on development proposals and projects. She further averred that had she known

about the lack of education Robert possessed, he would not have been hired. To substantiate

their claims about Robert’s misrepresentations, the appellees attached to their summary judgment
motion a project proposal submitted in September 1999 containing information regarding

Robert’s education.

       {¶36} In response to appellees’ claim, Mary submitted Robert’s affidavit wherein he

avers that his education was not discussed at the time of hire and that the Khouris did not request

his résumé. Rather, he states that he was hired based on his 15-years of experience in the field

of commercial real estate development and his substantial work with Developers Diversified

Realty Corporation.

       {¶37} The appellees contend that Khouri’s affidavit is substantiated by the evidence, i.e.,

the 1999 development proposal. However, and unlike Khouri’s affidavit, the appellees contend

that Robert’s affidavit is not supported by any evidence; thus, it is self-serving and does not

establish a genuine issue of material fact. Therefore, according to the appellees, summary

judgment is proper on this issue.

       {¶38} First, I question whether the 1999 project proposal is even proper Civ.R. 56(C)

evidence that a court may consider for summary judgment because although it is purportedly an

exhibit from the August 14, 2012 deposition of Mary, the deposition excerpt attached to the

appellees’ motion for summary judgment does not contain any reference to this exhibit.

Moreover, my review of the docket shows that Mary’s deposition and the exhibits were not filed

with the trial court. Thus, it cannot be verified whether this exhibit was actually used in Mary’s

deposition; and was therefore proper Civ.R. 56(C) evidence.

       {¶39} In my view then, the court is presented with two self-serving affidavits — one by

Khouri and the other by Robert. In the case of competing affidavits, it would be improper to

conduct a credibility contest when reviewing a motion for summary judgment. Welsh v. Estate

of Cavin, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 02AP-1328, 2004-Ohio-62, ¶ 34. Accordingly, viewing the
evidence in favor of the nonmoving party, genuine issues of material fact exist whether Robert

misrepresented his educational background prior to or at the time of being hired.

       {¶40} In addition, even if the project proposal could be considered, I would find that the

appellees have not satisfied for summary judgment purposes the final element of fraud in the

inducement — “resulting injury proximately caused by the reliance.” The appellees have failed

to present any evidence that they were harmed by Robert’s alleged misrepresentation about his

education at the time of hire. According to Khouri’s affidavit, “the injury sustained was the

payment of over $3 million in salary, benefits, and distributions from Carnegie and the Defendant

LLCs over the course of the parties’ eleven-year relationship.” In my view, this “injury” was

significantly outweighed by the benefit Robert provided to the appellees in the form of

generating business and revenue for the appellees over eleven years.         Clearly, the lack of

education was not problematic for either the appellees depending on Robert or in his ability to

continue his success in overseeing and retaining commercial development projects.

       {¶41} Accordingly, I respectfully disagree with the majority affirming the trial court’s

decision granting summary judgment on the basis of fraud in the inducement in favor of the

appellees on the appellant’s complaint.

       {¶42} The appellees also moved for summary judgment on appellant’s complaint based

on Robert’s payment to the mayor of Ontario, which according to the appellees, was Robert’s

first fraud committed against the appellees; thus, breaching his duty of good faith. The appellees

contend that once Robert created this material breach, they were excused from performing on the

contracts and were not obligated to award any ownership interest to Mary on all but three of the

defendant LLCs.
       {¶43} In my view, the appellees have failed to show why a third-party’s ownership

interest should be extinguished based on another’s illegal actions unrelated to the contract that

created the ownership interest. I recognize that Mary’s 10 percent ownership interest in these

companies was based on Robert’s employment and compensation agreement with the appellees,

and that Mary provided no service to the appellees.            I also recognized that Robert was

subsequently convicted of embezzlement. However, the operating agreements at the subject of

Mary’s complaint are separate contracts creating an ownership interest to Mary.              Robert’s

subsequent actions, whether legal or illegal, should have no effect on Mary’s interest under these

contracts. The appellees have not explained where Mary’s actions extinguish her ownership

interest in these companies.

       {¶44} Accordingly, I would reverse the trial court’s decision granting appellees’ motion

for partial summary judgment as it relates to appellant’s complaint. Because I would reverse the

trial court’s decision, I would also reverse the trial court’s decision granting attorney fees at this

juncture.