Court Opinion

ID: 7801502
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-17 20:00:27.034727+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:29:17.868110
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                              FILED
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                                AUG 17 2022
                                                                                MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                                  U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                               FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MIRNA EILIZABETH MARTINEZ                              No.     21-56251
BARRERA,
                                                       D.C. No.
                  Plaintiff-Appellant,                 2:19-cv-08146-DMG-JC

  v.
                                                       MEMORANDUM*
COSTCO WHOLESALE CORPORATION,

                  Defendant-Appellee,

and

DOES, 1 to 25, Inclusive,

                  Defendant.

                      Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Central District of California
                        Dolly M. Gee, District Judge, Presiding

                                Submitted August 5, 2022**
                                   Pasadena, California

Before: SILER,*** CALLAHAN, and FORREST, Circuit Judges.

       *
              This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as
provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
       **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
       ***
               The Honorable Eugene E. Siler, United States Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court of
Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation.
                                                1
      Mirna Elizabeth Martinez Barrera (“Barrera”) slipped on a puddle of water

and fell as she was shopping at a Costco Wholesale Corporation (“Costco”) store in

Northridge, California. So she sued Costco in Los Angeles County Superior Court,

asserting claims for premises liability and general negligence. Costco subsequently

removed the case to federal district court.

      The district court granted Costco’s motion for summary judgment. First, it

found that Costco lacked constructive knowledge of the water on which Barrera

slipped. Next, it found that Barrera failed to establish any causal connection between

the separate leak in the dairy room, of which Costco undisputedly had notice, and

her own fall. We affirm.1

      We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Jones v.

Union Pac. R.R. Co., 968 F.2d 937, 940 (9th Cir. 1992). Thus, we view the evidence

“in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion,” and we determine

whether there are any genuine issues of material fact. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co.

v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986) (citation omitted).

      Under California law, a store owner owes its patrons “a duty to exercise

reasonable care in keeping the premises reasonably safe.” Ortega v. Kmart Corp.,

1
       Barrera filed a Motion for Leave to Transmit a Physical Exhibit under Circuit
Rule 27-14. She urges this court to review the surveillance footage of the area near
her fall. But because this appeal can be resolved without doing so, we deny Barrera’s
motion.
                                          2
26 Cal. 4th 1200, 1205 (2001). This duty includes “making reasonable inspections

of the portions of the premises open to customers.” Id. A store owner is not,

however, the insurer of its patrons’ personal safety. Id. at 1206. And an inference

of negligence cannot be drawn against the owner simply because an accident

occurred on its premises. Id.

      Instead, the owner’s liability is tied to its knowledge of the dangerous

condition. Id. Thus, “where the plaintiff relies on the failure to correct a dangerous

condition to prove the owner’s negligence, the plaintiff has the burden of showing

that the owner had notice of the defect in sufficient time to correct it.” Id. “The

plaintiff need not show actual knowledge where evidence suggests that the

dangerous condition was present for a sufficient period of time to charge the owner

with constructive knowledge of its existence.” Id.

      Here, the undisputed facts confirm that Olegario Banuelos, a Costco

maintenance employee, inspected the area where Barrera fell just eighteen minutes

before her fall. And while California courts have not set forth a specific time that

constitutes a “sufficient period,” we conclude that these circumstances are not

sufficient to charge Costco with constructive knowledge of the condition. See

Ortega, 26 Cal. 4th at 1208–12 (upholding verdict for plaintiff where milk might

have been on the floor for two hours); see also Ziplusch v. LA Workout, Inc., 155

                                          3
Cal. App. 4th 1281, 1285 (reversing grant of summary judgment where evidence

showed defendant had not inspected the area for over eighty-five minutes).

      Barrera also insists that Costco’s actual knowledge of a different leak—the

leak in the dairy room—should defeat Costco’s Motion for Summary Judgment. But

Barrera has offered no evidence that the leak in the dairy room caused her fall. As

with all the elements essential to a negligence claim, the plaintiff has the burden to

prove causation. Ortega, 26 Cal. 4th at 1205. “The plaintiff must introduce evidence

which affords a reasonable basis for the conclusion that it is more likely than not that

the conduct of the defendant was a cause in fact of the result.” Id. “A mere

possibility of such causation is not enough,” id., and “[s]peculation does not

establish causation” to create a triable issue of material fact, Peralta v. Vons Cos.,

Inc., 24 Cal. App. 5th 1030, 1036 (2018).

      Barrera theorizes that the leak in the dairy room may have seeped past the

towels heaped upon it and formed a separate pool of water outside the dairy room or

that the water may have been “tracked by foot or cart a few feet away.” But

speculation alone cannot defeat a motion for summary judgment.

      AFFIRMED.

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