Court Opinion

ID: 9390724
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-28 14:05:21.928157+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:36.202564
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA

                             COURT OF APPEAL

                              FIRST CIRCUIT

                              NO. 2022 CA 1157

                             GINGER DEFOREST

                                  VERSUS

         ACADIAN GARDENS CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION

                                    Judgment Rendered:      APR 2 8 2023

                              Appealed from the
                         22nd Judicial District Court
                     In and for the Parish of St. Tammany
                              State of Louisiana
                            Docket No. 2021- 13457

            The Honorable Vincent J. Lobello, Judge Presiding

Ginger K. DeForest                  Plaintiff/Appellant Pro Se
Covington, Louisiana

Stanley C. Kottemann, Jr.           Counsel for Defendant/Appellee,
Kenner, Louisiana                   Acadian Gardens Condominium
                                    Association

          BEFORE:      GUIDRY, C. J., WOLFE, AND MILLER, JJ.
MILLER, J.

        Ginger DeForest,     plaintiff/appellant,    appeals a judgment by the Twenty -

Second Judicial District Court sustaining a declinatory exception of improper

venue in favor of defendant/appellee, Acadian Gardens Condominium Association,

and dismissing Ginger DeForest' s petition with prejudice. For the following

reasons, we affirm in part, vacate in part, and remand with instructions.

                     FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        On August 4, 2021, Ginger DeForest (" DeForest") filed a petition in the

Twenty -Second Judicial District Court ("           district court")    seeking to nullify a

judgment of the City Court for the City of Slidell ("          city court")' and to have the

privilege reflecting the associated debt canceled. Acadian Gardens Condominium

Association (" Acadian") was named as the defendant. In her petition, DeForest

contended that her claim involved title to immovable property, that the city court

lacked subject matter jurisdiction to adjudicate the dispute, and therefore, that the

city court judgment was absolutely null under La. C.C.P. art. 2002. Thereafter, on

October 22, 2021, Acadian filed exceptions including: declinatory exceptions of lis

pendens,       improper venue, and lack of subject matter jurisdiction;              a dilatory

exception of vagueness or ambiguity of the petition; and peremptory exceptions of

prescription, peremption, res judicata, no right of action, and no cause of action.

        At the hearing on the exceptions,           the district court sustained Acadian' s

exception of improper venue and found that under La. C. C. P. art. 2006, a suit to

nullify a judgment must be brought in the court which rendered the judgment. The

district court further concluded that its ruling on the exception of improper venue

rendered Acadian' s other exceptions moot. The district court signed a judgment on

1 At the time this matter was heard in city court, the court was called City Court for the City of
Slidell. The name subsequently changed to City Court of East St. Tammany. See La. R.S.
13: 2487. 1.

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June 2, 2022, which sustained the exception of improper venue and dismissed

DeForest' s petition with prejudice. It is from this judgment that DeForest appeals.

                              ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

        DeForest contends the district court erred in sustaining the exception of

improper venue; the district court erred in dismissing her petition with prejudice;

and the district court erred in executing the judgment prior to circulation under

Louisiana District Court Rule 9. 5.

                                      DISCUSSION

        First,   DeForest contends the district court erred in sustaining Acadian' s

exception of improper venue. Venue is a question of law, which is reviewed de

novo by the appellate court. Alost v. Lawler, 2018- 1271 ( La, App. l'         Cir. 5/ 8/ 19),

277 So. 3d 329, 334.

        The nullity of a final judgment may be demanded for vices of either form or

substance. La. C. C. P. art. 2001. A vice of form renders the judgment an absolute

nullity. Leonard v. Reeves, 2011- 1009 ( La. App.       1st Cir. 1/ 12/ 12), 82 So. 3d 1250,

1259. A final judgment shall be annulled for vices of form if it is rendered against

an incompetent person not represented as required by law; or against a defendant

who has not been served with process as required by law and who has not waived

objection to jurisdiction, or against whom a valid default judgment has not been

taken; or by a court which does not have jurisdiction over the subject matter of the

suit. La. C. C. P. art. 2002( A).

        An action of nullity is subject to the venue requirements of La. C.C.P. art.

2006, which provides that an action to annul a judgment must be brought in the

trial   court,   even though the judgment sought to be annulled may have been

affirmed on appeal, or even rendered by the appellate court. La. C.C.P. art. 2006;

Knight v. Sears Roebuck & Co.,         89- 0947 ( La. App. l st   Cir. 6/ 26190), 566 So. 2d

135,    137,     writ denied, 90- 2141 ( La.   11130190),   571   So. 2d 628. The venue

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established in La. C. C. P. art. 2006 is nonwaivable. La. C. C. P. art. 44. However, the

jurisprudence has developed an exception to the venue requirements of La. C. C. P.

art. 2006 when a person collaterally attacks an absolutely null judgment.2 Knight,

566 So. 2d at 137.

       An action to annul a judgment for a vice of form may be brought by an

interested person at any time, before any court, and through a collateral attack. See

La. C.C.P. art. 2002( B) and Smithy. LeBlanc, 2006- 0041, p. 6 ( La. App. 1"                     Cir.

8115107), 966 So. 2d 66, 71.         The venue exception has been consistently applied

only in suits where an absolutely null judgment is being collaterally attacked. This

court has found the venue exception should not be expanded to excuse the venue

requirements of La. C. C. P. art. 2006 when a party brings a direct action for the sole

purpose of annulling an absolutely null judgment. Knight, 566 So. 2d at 137.

       DeForest' s petition to annul the city court judgment is not a collateral attack.

DeForest brought a direct action for the purpose of annulling the city court

judgment, and is thus beyond the scope of the jurisprudential exception to the

venue requirements of La. C. C. P.           art.   2006. The district court did not err in

sustaining Acadian' s exception of improper venue. This assignment of error is

without merit.

       Next, DeForest contends the district court erred in dismissing her petition

with prejudice. The district court, in deciding a declinatory exception of improper

venue, is afforded discretion in choosing to dismiss the action or transfer it to a

proper venue in the interest of justice. See La. C. C. P.                arts.   121 and 932( B).

Appellate courts review this decision under the abuse of discretion standard of

2 A collateral attack is an attempt to impeach the judgment from one proceeding in another
proceeding not instituted for the express purpose of annulling the judgment. Smith v. LeBlanc,
2006- 0041, p. 6 ( La. App. 1' t Cir. 8/ 15/ 07), 966 So. 2d 66, 71 n. 2. Such a collateral proceeding
includes the assertion of the absolute nullity of a judgment as an affirmative defense, such as in
an answer or by exception. Id., 966 So. 2d at 72.

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review. Bertrand v. Desselle, 2022- 236 (   La. App.   Yd Cir. 11/ 16/ 22), 353 So. 3d

936, 940.

      The decision to transfer or dismiss a lawsuit due to improper venue is

addressed in La. C. C. P. arts. 121 and 932. Under Article 121, when an action is

brought in a court of improper venue, the court may dismiss the action, or in the

interest of justice transfer it to a court of proper venue. Similarly, under Article

932( B), if an action has been brought in a court of improper jurisdiction or venue,

the court may transfer the action to a proper court in the interest ofjustice.

      A jurisprudential rule has evolved which provides that when a plaintiff does

not knowingly file suit in the wrong venue, transfer to the correct venue is proper.

Said another way, when a plaintiff is unable to ascertain the correct venue or acts

upon incorrect knowledge and erroneously files suit in the wrong venue, the case

may be transferred to a court of proper venue pursuant to La. C.C. P.            art.   121.

However, when a plaintiff knowingly files suit in the wrong venue, dismissal is

proper. Price v. Roy O. Martin Lumber Co., 2004- 0227 ( La. App. 1St Cir. 4127105),

915 So. 2d 8165 8261, writ denied, 2005- 1390 ( La. 1127106), 922 So. 2d 543.

      No suggestion is made that DeForest knew the district court was an

improper venue at the time she filed her petition to annul the city court judgment.

DeForest contends that after conducting research in connection with her city court

case, she discovered the city court judgment might be an absolutely null judgment

and the district court was the correct court to file a petition to annul the judgment.

While DeForest is incorrect in her thought that the district court was the correct

venue to file her petition to annul the city court judgment, she acted upon incorrect

knowledge and did not knowingly file the petition to annul in the wrong venue. It

would thus be proper for the district court to transfer the suit to city court. As this

issue was not addressed by the district court when the matter was ruled upon in

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open court, we will address this issue as we resolve the remaining assignment of

error.

         DeForest contends in her last assignment of error that the district court erred

in signing the judgment because it was not circulated pursuant to Rule 9. 5 of the

Louisiana District Court Rules. She further argues Acadian should be assessed

with the costs of this appeal because the judgment was signed prior to circulation.

         Rule 9. 5 provides that if a judgment is presented to the court for signature

after rendition, the responsible attorney shall circulate the proposed judgment to

counsel for all parties and allow at least five working days for comment before

presentation to the court, and upon presenting it to the court, if an opposition was

received,    it must identify the nature of the opposition. Matter of Succession of

Buhler, 2017- 0049 ( La.       App.    1St Cir. 2122118),   243   So. 3d 39, 45,   writ   not

considered, 2018- 0478 ( La. 5111118), 241 So. 3d 1013. Such a proposed judgment

must also contain a certificate verifying its delivery to the other attorneys or parties

and stating whether any opposition was received. In re Interdiction of DeMarco,

2009- 1791 ( La. App.     1St Cir. 417110), 38 So. 3d 417, 423- 24.

         It is undisputed that the judgment signed on June 2, 2022, failed to comply

with the requirements described above. This court has found a trial court' s error in

signing a judgment that does not comply with Rule 9. 5 to be harmless error when

the judgment submitted comports with the trial court' s factual findings and oral

reasons. DeMarco, 38 So. 3d at 424.

         In its oral ruling, the district court stated:

         The Court is going to grant the Exception of Improper Venue. The
         law is clear under Article 2006 that a suit to nullify a judgment has to
         be brought in the court which rendered the judgment. Based on your
         admission today that the sole purpose of your suit is [ to] nullify that
         judgment, this action should have been brought in Slidell City Court,
         the Court of East St. Tammany.

         Would you prepare and circulate a judgment?        The ruling granting that
         Exception I believe renders all other Exceptions moot.

                                                no
      However, the judgment which was prepared by Acadian but not circulated

prior to signing provides:

       IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that the Plaintiff,
       Ginger Deforest' s " Petition for Nullity of the Judgment of Slidell City
      Court for Lack of Subject Matter Jurisdiction, and to Cancel the
      Privilege from the Recorder' s Office" be dismissed with prejudice.
      This dismissal is based on the exception of improper venue and
      Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure Article 2006.

Emphasis added.)

       We find the failure to circulate the judgment in accordance with Rule 9. 5

resulted in a judgment which fails to comport with the district court' s oral ruling.

This constitutes error. The district court did not mention whether the petition was

to be dismissed,    with   or    without   prejudice,   or whether the matter was to be

transferred to a court of proper venue. Acadian added that DeForest' s petition was

to be " dismissed with prejudice" and then failed to circulate the judgment pursuant

to Rule 9. 5. When a judgment is silent as to whether it is being dismissed with or

without prejudice, the dismissal must be without prejudice. BAC Home Loans

Servicing, LP v. Louis, 2020- 0717 ( La. App. V Cir. 5113121),        326 So. 3d 904, 948

n. 3. Also, as previously stated, when a plaintiff is unable to ascertain the correct

venue or acts upon incorrect knowledge and erroneously files suit in the wrong

venue, the case may be transferred to a court of proper venue. La. C.C.P. art. 121;

Bertrand v. Desselle, 2022- 236 ( La. App. 3` d Cir. 11116122),      353 So. 3d 936, 942-

943. Therefore, we vacate the part of the judgment that dismissed DeForest' s

petition with prejudice, and we remand with instructions for the district court to

transfer DeFOTest' s suit to the city court.

       Further,   in connection with her argument regarding Rule 9. 5,             DeForest

contends that Acadian should be assessed with the costs of this appeal. In response,

Acadian    contends   that      each   party   should   bear their   own   costs   for   these

proceedings. Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 2164 provides that the

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appellate court may tax the costs of the lower or appellate court,                or any part

thereof, against any party to the suit, as in its judgment may be considered

equitable.   Had the judgment been circulated as required, the dispute over its

substance could have been resolved by the district court, and perhaps this appeal

could have been avoided. Due to Acadian' s failure to circulate the judgment and

our finding that the judgment does not comport to the district court' s oral reasons,

each party is assessed with one- half of the costs of this appeal.

                                       CONCLUSION

      The portion of the June           2,   2022 judgment sustaining the declinatory

exception     of improper      venue   in    favor   of Acadian     Gardens     Condominium

Association and against Ginger DeForest is affirmed; the portion of the judgment

dismissing Ginger DeForest' s petition with prejudice is vacated; and this matter is

remanded to the Twenty -Second Judicial District Court with instructions to

transfer the action to the City Court of East St. Tammany. Costs of this appeal are

assessed     one- half   to   Ginger   DeForest      and    one- half   to   Acadian   Gardens

Condominium Association.

      AFFIRMED IN PART, VACATED                            IN   PART, AND REMANDED

WITH INSTRUCTIONS.

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