Court Opinion

ID: 4407313
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-06-17 13:54:24.55436+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:52:43.914491
License: Public Domain

[Cite as In re H.L.S., 2019-Ohio-2376.]

             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                             SEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                COLUMBIANA COUNTY

                                          IN THE MATTER OF:

                                           H.L.S. AND E.E.S.

                        OPINION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                          Case No. 18 CO 0035

                                 Civil Appeal from the
          Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, of Columbiana County, Ohio
                       Case No. C2017-0183 and C2017-0184

                                         BEFORE:
                 David A. D’Apolito, Gene Donofrio, Carol Ann Robb, Judges.

                                              JUDGMENT:
                                                Affirmed.

 Atty. Charles Payne, Payne Law Office, 617 St. Clair Avenue, P.O. Box 114, East
 Liverpool, Ohio 43920, for Appellants and

 Atty. Michael Davis, Aronson, Fineman & Davis, 124 East Fifth Street, East Liverpool,
 Ohio 43920, for Appellee.
                                                                                      –2–

                                   Dated: June 13, 2019

 D’APOLITO, J.

       {¶1}   Appellants, Annalee and Tammy Muschweck, appeal from the October 9,
2018 judgment of the Columbiana County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division,
granting Appellee’s, Brian Sayre, motion for custody of his minor daughters, H.L.S. and
E.E.S. On appeal, nonparent-Appellants, the Muschwecks, assert the juvenile court
abused its discretion in returning custody of the minor children to parent-Appellee, Brian,
and in not awarding them reasonable visitation. Finding no reversible error, we affirm.

                         FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       {¶2}   The subject of this case involves the custody of two children: H.L.S., d.o.b.
April 22, 2008; and E.E.S., d.o.b. April 6, 2015. Angela Sayre was the natural mother of
both children. Angela unfortunately passed away in June 2017. Brian is the natural father
of E.E.S. and the adoptive father of H.L.S. Annalee Muschweck is the maternal great-
grandmother of the minor children. Tammy Muschweck is the maternal great-aunt.
Kathryn Houshour is the maternal grandmother. Ralph Houshour is the maternal step-
grandfather. The relationship of the parties in this matter has been described as one of
hatred, family dysfunction, and war, including threats, stabbings, and shootings, between
three generations of family.
       {¶3}   Angela was previously married to H.L.S.’s biological father. During that
marriage, Angela was the victim of violent domestic abuse by her then husband. H.L.S.
witnessed the violent abuse resulting in some degree of emotional or psychological harm.
As a result, H.L.S. underwent mental health counseling and treatment. Angela later
divorced H.L.S.’s biological father.
       {¶4}   Angela and Brian began dating in 2011. Brian was a local and regional
truck driver as well as a volunteer firefighter with the Knoll Volunteer Fire Department in
Knoll, West Virginia. Angela and Brian married in 2015. Their daughter, E.E.S., was born
on April 6, 2015. During that marriage, H.L.S. remained in counseling for issues arising

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from her witnessing her mother’s abuse by her biological father. Angela and Brian
participated in H.L.S.’s counseling.
       {¶5}   Angela and Brian experienced a poor relationship with her family, the
Houshours and the Muschwecks, which pre-dated their marriage. A long-standing and
hostile relationship between the Houshours and the Muschwecks has existed for many
years. The hostility has resulted in serious, critical, and outrageous accusations and
threats between the parties. The Houshours’ and the Muschwecks’ relationships with
Angela and Brian have been equally as volatile. As a result, the minor children have
witnessed and lived through this family dysfunction over the years.
       {¶6}   In June 2015, Angela was diagnosed with brain cancer and began
treatment. In November 2015, Brian adopted H.L.S. with Angela’s support and consent.
Angela and Brian separated in February 2017, and later divorced. Angela received
temporary custody. She and the minor children eventually moved into the Houshour
residence. According to Brian, at that time, “Our world got completely flipped upside
down. Everything changed.” (7/20/18 Tr. 123).
       {¶7}   In April 2017, out of this dysfunctional and war-like atmosphere, nine-year-
old H.L.S. made graphic and disturbing allegations that Brian had sexually abused her.
The exact circumstances of the original disclosure is disputed. Investigations were made
by the East Liverpool Police Department (“ELPD”) and the Columbiana County
Department of Job and Family Services (“CCDJFS”).              Brian cooperated in the
investigations and denied any wrongdoing.
       {¶8}   H.L.S. was referred to Akron Children’s Hospital, Child Advocacy Center.
Courtney Wilson, a licensed social worker, conducted a recorded interview. (Exhibit M-
3). H.L.S. appeared to be a happy girl. She talked with Wilson about school and various
summer activities while the two colored pictures using crayons. After Wilson mentioned
Brian’s name, H.L.S. said that he had a “stupid job.” H.L.S. alleged that Brian did
inappropriate things to her, including touching her “monkey,” i.e., vagina.        H.L.S.,
however, had “no idea” whether Brian put his finger inside of her. H.L.S. said that
because Brian touched her, he must have touched her younger sister too. H.L.S. stated
she had heard that Brian did the same thing to her younger sister. Wilson believed H.L.S.
appeared credible. A physical examination was later conducted. The physical exam

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revealed no evidence of semen or digital penetration. Thus, no physical evidence of
sexual abuse was discovered.
       {¶9}    Gillian Filaccio, a licensed social worker and an abuse and neglect
investigator with CCDJFS, also believed H.L.S.’s abuse allegations appeared credible.
However, CCDJFS concluded its investigation upon a finding that H.L.S.’s allegations
were “unsubstantiated.” Filaccio defined “unsubstantiated” as not enough evidence to
prove the allegation occurred or that false evidence or allegations were made. CCDJFS
sent Brian a letter to this effect and closed their file.
       {¶10} Despite CCDJFS’s finding that the abuse allegations were unsubstantiated,
ELPD continued its investigation.          Detective Greg Smith interviewed Brian, the
Houshours, and the Muschwecks. Detective Smith believed Brian should have been
criminally charged. He prepared a grand jury packet and forwarded it to the Columbiana
County Prosecutor’s Office. However, the Prosecutor’s Office declined to present the
case to the grand jury or otherwise pursue any charges against Brian.
       {¶11} Around that time, H.L.S. made new allegations of abuse against Brian that
were alleged to have occurred in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Reports were made
to authorities in those jurisdictions as well as to federal authorities. The Muschwecks
aggressively pursued charges against Brian.
       {¶12} Tere Rufener, Court Appointed Special Advocate, conducted an
investigation. She expressed concerns that the Muschwecks have been engaged in
“forum shopping” in their aggressive pursuit against Brian. During the course of the
investigations, H.L.S. kept a notebook containing drawings and descriptions regarding
the alleged abuse. Further investigation established, however, that it was actually Tammy
Muschweck who wrote the descriptions, not H.L.S. Also, E.E.S. made vague allegations
that she too had been inappropriately touched or abused by Brian. However, Rufener
reported that E.E.S.’s allegations appear to have been impossible due to close
supervision at the time of the alleged abuse.
       {¶13} Rufener had an opportunity to observe the interactions between Brian and
his daughters. Rufener did not observe any interaction that would cause her concern.
She recommended that E.E.S. be placed with Brian.           Rufener determined that the

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allegations made by H.L.S. were untruthful but left the recommendation relating to
H.L.S.’s custody in the juvenile court’s hands.
       {¶14} Following another dispute between Angela and her mother, Mrs. Houshour,
Angela and her daughters moved into the home shared by the Muschwecks. The minor
children continued residing with the Muschwecks, following their mother’s death, and
developed a close bond with them. H.L.S. expressed her desire to remain in their care.
E.E.S. was found to be too young to express an opinion regarding her care.
       {¶15} On August 8, 2017, the Houshours filed a motion to intervene and complaint
for custody. The juvenile court granted their motion to intervene the following week. On
September 6, 2017, Brian filed a motion for immediate custody seeking to retain his
statutory presumption and right to legal custody of both of his daughters. On October 6,
2017, the Muschwecks filed a motion to intervene and complaint for custody. The juvenile
court granted their motion to intervene five days later. On October 20, 2017, Brian filed
an answer. Motion practice ensued and pretrials were held. Merit hearings occurred on
March 23, March 27, and July 20, 2018.
       {¶16} On October 9, 2018, the juvenile court, in considering the totality of the
circumstances, could not conclude that the sexual abuse allegations against Brian were
true by clear and convincing evidence or even by a preponderance of the evidence. The
Muschwecks interfered with Brian’s ability to enjoy his court-ordered companionship with
his daughters. The Houshours and the Muschwecks were determined to exclude Brian
from custody of his daughters. The court found that the continued interference, defiance,
and hostilities demonstrated by the Houshours and the Muschwecks was contrary to the
minor children’s best interest. The court denied and dismissed the Houshours’ and the
Muschwecks’ complaints, granted Brian’s motion for custody of his daughters, and denied
the Houshours and the Muschwecks any contact or companionship with the minor
children with the exception of written correspondence subject to Brian’s review. The
Muschwecks filed a timely appeal and raise two assignments of error.1

1. The Houshours are not named parties to this appeal.

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                             ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1

       THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN RULING THAT THE
       LEGAL AND PHYSICAL CUSTODY OF [H.L.S.] AND [E.E.S.] SHALL BE
       RETURNED TO BRIAN SAYRE AND THE RULING IS UNSUPPORTED
       BY SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE AND CONTRARY TO THE MANIFEST
       WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

       {¶17} A juvenile court’s determination of legal custody will only be reversed for an
abuse of discretion. In re C.A.C.J., 7th Dist. Belmont No. 18 BE 0010, 2018-Ohio-4501,
¶ 7, citing Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St. 3d 415, 418, 421, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997); In
re D.D.D., 7th Dist. Jefferson No. 12 JE 7, 2012-Ohio-5254. “An abuse of discretion
constitutes more than an error of judgment; it implies that the trial court acted
unreasonably, arbitrarily, or unconscionably.” In re A.S., 7th Dist. Jefferson No. 11 JE 29,
2012-Ohio-5468, ¶ 10, citing Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St. 3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d
1140 (1983).

       A parent’s right to raise his or her child is an essential and basic civil right.
       In re Hayes, 79 Ohio St. 3d 46, 48, 679 N.E.2d 680 (1997). However, a
       parent may lose custody of a child to a non-parent if a court finds the parent
       unsuitable. In re Perales, * * * 52 Ohio St. 2d 89, 369 N.E.2d 1047, syllabus
       [(1977)]. Thus, in child custody proceedings pursuant to R.C. 2151.23(A)(2)
       between a parent and nonparent, a court may not award custody to the
       nonparent ‘without first determining that a preponderance of the evidence
       shows that the parent abandoned the child; that the parent contractually
       relinquished custody of the child; that the parent has become totally
       incapable of supporting or caring for the child; or that an award of custody
       to the parent would be detrimental to the child.’ Id.; In re Hockstok, 98 Ohio
       St.3d 238, 2002-Ohio-7208, 781 N.E.2d 971, syllabus. Parents who are
       deemed suitable have a paramount right to custody of their minor children.
       Perales at 97.

In re A.S., supra, at ¶ 8.

Case No. 18 CO 0035
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       {¶18} There are three ways a “parent and child relationship” can be established:
(1) by natural parenthood; (2) by adoption; or (3) by other legal means in the Revised
Code that confer or impose rights, privileges, and duties upon certain individuals. R.C.
3111.01(A); In re Bonfield, 97 Ohio St. 3d 387, 2002-Ohio-6660, 780 N.E.2d 241, ¶ 28;
J.M v. A.M., 2d Dist. Clark No. 2015-CA-92, 2016-Ohio-1261, ¶ 15.

        “Weight of the evidence concerns ‘the inclination of the greater amount of
       credible evidence, offered in a trial, to support one side of the issue rather
       than the other.’” (Emphasis deleted.) Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St. 3d
328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 12 [quoting State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St. 3d 380,
       387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997)].                In considering a challenge to
       the manifest weight of the evidence, the reviewing court weighs the
       evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of
       witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the
       trial court clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of
       justice that the judgment must be reversed and a new trial ordered. In re
       A.S., [supra, at] ¶ 10. In weighing the evidence, a reviewing court must be
       mindful of the presumption in favor of the finder of fact. Id. In determining
       whether the trial court’s decision is manifestly against the weight of the
       evidence, “every reasonable intendment and every reasonable presumption
       must be made in favor of the judgment and the finding of facts.” Eastley at
       ¶ 21. “If the evidence is susceptible of more than one construction, the
       reviewing court is bound to give it that interpretation which is consistent with
       the verdict and judgment, most favorable to sustaining the verdict and
       judgment.” Id.

In re C.A.C.J., supra, at ¶ 20-21.

       {¶19} This matter involves custody proceedings filed by nonparents, the
Muschwecks, against a parent, Brian. As stated, Brian is the natural father of E.E.S. and
the adoptive father of H.L.S. Thus, Brian is a parent to both children. As a parent, Brian
has the essential and basic civil right to raise his children, absent a finding of unsuitability.

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Hayes, supra, at 48; Perales, supra, at syllabus. Here, the juvenile court found that all
four factors in the Perales unsuitability test were not applicable.
       {¶20} As to the first three factors, the Muschwecks presented no evidence during
the merit hearings, nor argued in their appellate brief, that Brian abandoned the minor
children, contractually relinquished custody of the minor children, or has become totally
incapable of supporting or caring for the minor children. Perales, supra, at syllabus.
       {¶21} Regarding the first three factors, the juvenile court stated the following in its
October 9, 2018 judgment entry:

       In the case before the Court, [Brian] has not abandoned his minor children.
       He has fought to retain his parental rights and has also actively fought to
       maintain his rights of companionship and contact with the children during
       the pendency of this case.       [Brian] has not contractually relinquished
       custody of his minor children to any party including the Houshours or the
       Muschwecks. The Court does not find that there has been evidence in this
       case to prove that Brian Sayre has become totally incapable of supporting
       or caring for either of his minor children in this case.

(10/9/18 Judgment Entry p.14).

       {¶22} The remaining question on appeal is whether the record supports the
juvenile court’s conclusion that an award of custody to Brian would not be detrimental to
the minor children.
       {¶23} Regarding the fourth factor, the juvenile court further stated in its October
9, 2018 judgment entry:

       The Court does not find, based upon the evidence in this case, that an
       award of custody to Brian Sayre would be detrimental to the child[ren]. The
       Court has noted that there are concerns that for some period of time [H.L.S.]
       may require respite care and continued counseling prior to being reunified
       into the home of Brian Sayre. There is no evidence before this Court that
       Brian Sayre is incapable, refuses or is otherwise unwilling to properly meet
       the continued needs of the minor children, including [H.L.S.’s] continued

Case No. 18 CO 0035
                                                                                        –9–

       need for counseling and/or potential respite care before she is reunified into
       his household. During the pendency of this case, the Court has taken a
       very conservative and cautionary position in allowing both minor children to
       continue to reside with the Muschwecks during what was initially anticipated
       to be a brief period for completion of investigations arising from [H.L.S.’s]
       allegations of abuse. Unfortunately, because of the need for three separate
       days of testimony and the need to coordinate the schedule of multiple
       attorneys representing the parties, this case was not able to be resolved
       more quickly.    This Court cannot speculate that Brian Sayre will not
       adequately provide for the needs, including mental health needs, of his
       children upon a return of the children to his custody. Mr. Sayre has a history
       of not only obtaining mental health counseling for [H.L.S.] but participating
       actively in her counseling for issues unrelated to the current allegations of
       abuse. The Muschwecks and Houshours have failed in their burden of proof
       to overcome Brian Sayre’s right to legal custody and control of his children,
       [H.L.S.] and [E.E.S.]

(10/9/18 Judgment Entry p.14-15).

       {¶24} The juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in determining that an award
of custody to Brian would not be detrimental to the minor children. As stated, the
Muschwecks’ entire case is based solely upon H.L.S.’s allegations that Brian sexually
abused her.     Neither the Muschwecks nor their witnesses testified to personally
witnessing any of the alleged claims of abuse. The Muschwecks also did not present any
physical evidence of the alleged abuse.
       {¶25} In fact, Courtney Wilson, a licensed social worker with Akron Children’s
Hospital, Child Advocacy Center, concluded that H.L.S.’s physical exam revealed no
evidence of semen or digital penetration. Thus, no physical evidence of sexual abuse
was discovered. Gillian Filaccio, a licensed social worker and an abuse and neglect
investigator   with   CCDJFS,    concluded    that   H.L.S.’s   abuse    allegations    were
“unsubstantiated,” i.e., not enough evidence to prove the allegation occurred or that false
evidence or allegations were made. Due to the lack of substantial or credible evidence,

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the Columbiana County Prosecutor’s Office declined to present the case to the grand jury
or otherwise pursue any charges against Brian.
       {¶26} Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Muschwecks’ deep hatred toward Brian
continued in their aggressive pursuit against him in other jurisdictions. Tere Rufener,
Court Appointed Special Advocate, expressed concerns that the Muschwecks were
engaged in “forum shopping” and that they wanted to “make dad pay.” (7/20/18 Tr. 165).
The Muschwecks had improper conversations with the minor children against the advice
of professionals.
       {¶27} The relationship of the parties involved was described as one of hatred,
family dysfunction, and war, including threats, stabbings, and shootings, between three
generations of family. The Houshours’ and the Muschwecks’ relationships with Brian has
been equally as volatile. As a result, the minor children have unfortunately witnessed and
lived through this family dysfunction over the years. The only common ground and
determined interest between the Houshours and the Muschwecks was to exclude Brian
from regaining custody of his daughters.
       {¶28} Based on the facts presented, the manifest weight of the evidence supports
the juvenile court’s judgment regarding Brian’s suitability. Thus, the court did not abuse
its discretion in determining that an award of custody to Brian would not be detrimental to
the minor children.
       {¶29} The Muschwecks’ first assignment of error is without merit.

                             ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2

       THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN NOT AWARDING
       REASONABLE GRANDPARENT VISITATION WITH THE MINOR
       CHILDREN.

       {¶30} Preliminarily, this court notes that the Muschwecks’ seven-sentence
argument in support of this assignment of error in their appellate brief is mainly a recitation
of the facts. The Muschwecks have failed to cite to any legal authority relative to this
assignment of error, and thus, have not complied with the requirements under
App.R. 16(A)(7) (“The appellant shall include in its brief * * * [a]n argument containing the

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contentions of the appellant with respect to each assignment of error presented for review
and the reasons in support of the contentions, with citations to the authorities, statutes,
and parts of the record on which appellant relies.”) Nevertheless, based on our review of
the record and the applicable pertinent law, the juvenile court did not abuse its discretion
in declining to grant companionship or visitation with the minor children to the
Muschwecks.
       {¶31} R.C. 3109.11, “Visitation rights of grandparents and other relatives when
parent deceased,” states in part:

       If either the father or mother of an unmarried minor child is deceased, the
       court of common pleas of the county in which the minor child resides may
       grant the parents and other relatives of the deceased father or mother
       reasonable companionship or visitation rights with respect to the minor child
       during the child’s minority if the parent or other relative files a complaint
       requesting reasonable companionship or visitation rights and if the court
       determines that the granting of the companionship or visitation rights is in
       the best interest of the minor child. In determining whether to grant any
       person reasonable companionship or visitation rights with respect to any
       child, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited
       to, the factors set forth in division (D) of section 3109.051 of the Revised
       Code.

(Emphasis added.)

       {¶32} The best interest factors the court must consider if relevant are:

       (1) The prior interaction and interrelationships of the child with the child’s
       parents, siblings, and other persons related by consanguinity or affinity, and
       with the person who requested companionship or visitation if that person is
       not a parent, sibling, or relative of the child; (2) The geographical location
       of the residence of each parent and the distance between those residences,
       and if the person is not a parent, the geographical location of that person’s
       residence and the distance between that person’s residence and the child’s

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      residence; (3) The child’s and parents’ available time, including, but not
      limited to, each parent’s employment schedule, the child’s school schedule,
      and the child’s and the parents’ holiday and vacation schedule; (4) The age
      of the child; (5) The child’s adjustment to home, school, and community; (6)
      If the court has interviewed the child in chambers, pursuant to division (C)
      of this section, regarding the wishes and concerns of the child as to
      parenting time by the parent who is not the residential parent or
      companionship or visitation by the grandparent, relative, or other person
      who requested companionship or visitation, as to a specific parenting time
      or visitation schedule, or as to other parenting time or visitation matters, the
      wishes and concerns of the child, as expressed to the court; (7) The health
      and safety of the child; (8) The amount of time that will be available for the
      child to spend with siblings; (9) The mental and physical health of all parties;
      (10) Each parent’s willingness to reschedule missed parenting time and to
      facilitate the other parent’s parenting time rights, and with respect to a
      person who requested companionship or visitation, the willingness of that
      person to reschedule missed visitation; (11) In relation to parenting time,
      whether either parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to
      any criminal offense involving any act that resulted in a child being an
      abused child or a neglected child; whether either parent, in a case in which
      a child has been adjudicated an abused child or a neglected child,
      previously has been determined to be the perpetrator of the abusive or
      neglectful act that is the basis of the adjudication; and whether there is
      reason to believe that either parent has acted in a manner resulting in a
      child being an abused child or a neglected child; (12) In relation to requested
      companionship or visitation by a person other than a parent, whether the
      person previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any criminal
      offense involving any act that resulted in a child being an abused child or a
      neglected child; whether the person, in a case in which a child has been
      adjudicated an abused child or a neglected child, previously has been
      determined to be the perpetrator of the abusive or neglectful act that is the

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      basis of the adjudication; whether either parent previously has been
      convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of section 2919.25 of the
      Revised Code involving a victim who at the time of the commission of the
      offense was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the
      current proceeding; whether either parent previously has been convicted of
      an offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission of the
      offense was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the
      current proceeding and caused physical harm to the victim in the
      commission of the offense; and whether there is reason to believe that the
      person has acted in a manner resulting in a child being an abused child or
      a neglected child; (13) Whether the residential parent or one of the parents
      subject to a shared parenting decree has continuously and willfully denied
      the other parent’s right to parenting time in accordance with an order of the
      court; (14) Whether either parent has established a residence or is planning
      to establish a residence outside this state; (15) In relation to requested
      companionship or visitation by a person other than a parent, the wishes and
      concerns of the child’s parents, as expressed by them to the court; (16) Any
      other factor in the best interest of the child.

R.C. 3109.051(D).

      {¶33} In its October 9, 2018 judgment entry, the juvenile court stated the following:

      The Court now turns to the issue of continued contact or companionship
      between the Sayre children and the Houshours or the Muschwecks. [The
      court cited to R.C. 3109.11] The Court notes its prior findings relative to
      subsection (D) of Revised Code Section 3109.051 and makes the following
      specific findings. The minor children have had a limited amount of
      interaction with the Houshours while the children briefly resided with them
      following Angela Sayre’s separation from Brian Sayre.             The Court
      anticipates there had been additional interactions between the children and
      the Houshours prior to Angela Sayre’s death but the evidence is not specific

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      as to the nature or extent of that interaction or relationship. There has been
      a significant amount of interaction between the Sayre children and the
      Muschwecks. The Muschwecks have had the children residing with them
      and have provided care for both of the minor children since on or about July
      2nd, 2017. While it appears that the Muschwecks have provided for the
      basic needs of both minor children, the Court has previously noted concerns
      regarding the conduct of the Muschwecks. The Muschwecks have been
      rather defiant of the instructions of multiple professionals in this case who
      advised the Muschwecks to not continue to have conversations with [H.L.S.]
      regarding her allegations of abuse by her father.              Despite these
      admonitions, the Muschwecks were observed to continue to discuss the
      allegations with the child or with others in the presence of the child. The
      Muschwecks have engaged in a pattern of disregard of the Court’s
      instructions and other conduct which were intended to, or had the effect of,
      interfering with the children’s ability to have free and comfortable interaction
      with the children’s father, Brian Sayre, during court-ordered companionship.
      Furthermore, the Muschwecks have engaged in a pattern of intense pursuit
      of criminal prosecution of Brian Sayre to an extent that the CASA and
      Children’s Services Investigator deemed contrary to [H.L.S.’s] best interest.
      [H.L.S.] is currently ten years old and [E.E.S.] is three years old, as of the
      date of this decision. The evidence would tend to establish that both minor
      children are reasonably adjusted to their school and their community. The
      Court has previously noted that it declined to conduct an in camera interview
      of [H.L.S.] in chambers based upon the Court’s finding that the central issue
      of this case, being [H.L.S.’s] allegations, have been subject to so many
      interviews and discussions by others that it would not be in [H.L.S.’s] best
      interest for the Court to engage in further questioning regarding that matter.
      The Court has previously indicated that it believes it is necessary to
      preserve [H.L.S.’s] health to separate her from the atmosphere of conflict
      which exists in the household of the Muschwecks and which also involves
      the household of the Houshours. The Court believes it is important and

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      appropriate to attempt to maintain both of [the] Sayre minor children in the
      same household. The Court has previously made significant findings
      regarding the mental health of the minor children and/or the other parties
      involved in this case. The Court has also previously made specific findings
      that the Muschwecks have engaged in a course of conduct for the purpose
      of and resulting in a denial of court ordered companionship between [H.L.S.]
      and Brian Sayre and, also, to some extent between [E.E.S.] and Brian
      Sayre. The Muschwecks have specifically demonstrated their defiance of
      the Court’s instructions and orders regarding companionship between the
      children and their father. The Court does not find that any of the parties in
      this case have previously been convicted or pleaded guilty to any criminal
      offense involving any act resulting in a child being an abused child or a
      neglected child and there has not been sufficient evidence presented in this
      case that either parent has acted in a manner resulting in either child being
      an abused or neglected child. None of the parties have expressed a specific
      intent to establish a residence outside of the State of Ohio. Upon
      consideration of the evidence in this case as previously stated, the Court
      finds that it is not in the best interest of [H.L.S.] or [E.E.S.] to continue to
      have companionship or contact with the Muschwecks or the Houshours. So
      long as the Muschwecks and the Houshours continue their contact with
      [H.L.S.] or [E.E.S.], the battle between the parties in this case will continue.
      The Court specifically finds that continued companionship with the
      Houshours and the Muschwecks will unreasonably interfere with the
      children’s relationship with Brian Sayre. Therefore, the Court will not make
      orders granting any companionship or contact between the minor children,
      [H.L.S.], [E.E.S.], and either the Houshours or the Muschwecks. The Court
      further finds that it is necessary in this case, based upon the parties’ history
      of defiance, to require neither the Muschwecks nor the Houshours to have
      any contact with [H.L.S.] or [E.E.S.] directly or indirectly, with the exception
      of written correspondence which shall be subject to review by Brian Sayre
      to determine if he believes that the content and communication is

Case No. 18 CO 0035
                                                                                      – 16 –

       reasonable and in the best interest of either child. He shall have the right
       as the father of the children to exclude any communications that he deems
       detrimental to the children or to delay the children’s receipt of those
       communications.

(10/9/18 Judgment Entry p. 15-18).

       {¶34} After thoroughly reviewing the record, as previously discussed and
addressed, as well as the juvenile court’s decision, this court finds that the juvenile court
properly applied the pertinent law. The court complied with R.C. 3109.11 by considering
each relevant best-interest factor under R.C. 3109.051(D). Accordingly, the juvenile court
did not abuse its discretion in declining to grant companionship or visitation with the minor
children to the Muschwecks.
       {¶35} The Muschwecks’ second assignment of error is without merit.

                                      CONCLUSION

       {¶36} For the foregoing reasons, Appellants’ assignments of error are not well-
taken. The judgment of the Columbiana County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile
Division, granting Appellee’s motion for custody of the minor children is affirmed.

Donofrio, J., concurs.

Robb, J., concurs.

Case No. 18 CO 0035
[Cite as In re H.L.S., 2019-Ohio-2376.]

           For the reasons stated in the Opinion rendered herein, the assignments of
  error are overruled and it is the final judgment and order of this Court that the
  judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Columbiana County, Ohio, is affirmed.
  Costs to be taxed against the Appellants.
           A certified copy of this opinion and judgment entry shall constitute the mandate
  in this case pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. It is ordered that
  a certified copy be sent by the clerk to the trial court to carry this judgment into
  execution.

                                          NOTICE TO COUNSEL

           This document constitutes a final judgment entry.