Court Opinion

ID: 9379675
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-16 06:00:09.310969+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:15:39.973241
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     PATTI FENSTERMACHER,                            DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         PH-0752-16-0469-I-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,                            DATE: March 15, 2023
                 Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Sigmund Kozierachi, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for the appellant.

           Jennifer L. Bluer, Esquire, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                               Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                Raymond A. Limon, Member
                                Tristan L. Leavitt, Member 2

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     dismissed her alleged involuntary retirement appeal for lack of jurisdiction .

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
     2
       Member Leavitt’s name is included in decisions on which the three -member Board
     completed the voting process prior to his March 1, 2023 departure.
                                                                                         2

     Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the following
     circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact;
     the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation
     or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative
     judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision
     were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion,
     and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material
     evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due
     diligence, was not available when the record closed.        Title 5 of the Code of
     Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).             After fully
     considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not
     established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review.
     Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision,
     which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

                                      BACKGROUND
¶2         Effective September 30, 2014, the appellant retired from her position as a
     GS-7 Economic Assistant. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 17 at 79. Thereafter,
     she filed a formal complaint of discrimination alleging that the agency
     discriminated against her and subjected her to a hostile work environment that
     forced her to retire. IAF, Tab 7 at 20-33. The agency’s Civil Rights Center
     issued a final agency decision (FAD) dated August 15, 2016, finding that the
     appellant failed to establish that the agency subjected her to unlawful disparate
     treatment or a hostile work environment based on age, disability, or prior equal
     employment opportunity (EEO) activity and failed to establish that her retirement
     amounted to a constructive discharge. IAF, Tab 6 at 21 -82, Tab 7 at 4-18. The
     FAD notified the appellant of her right to appeal her alleged constructive
     discharge to the Board, and this appeal timely followed. IAF, Tab 1, Tab 7 at 18.
                                                                                           3

¶3         The administrative judge issued a jurisdictional order informing the
     appellant that the Board lacks jurisdiction over voluntary actions, such as
     retirements, and ordering her to submit evidence and argument amounting to a
     nonfrivolous allegation that her retirement was involuntary because of duress,
     coercion, or misrepresentation by the agency. IAF, Tab 2 at 2-3. In response, the
     appellant alleged that, from 2012 through September 2014, her supervisor and the
     Assistant   Commissioner      of   the   Bureau    of   Labor   Statistics   (Assistant
     Commissioner) engaged in a series of events that made her working conditions
     intolerable and forced her to retire. IAF, Tab 23 at 4-7. The agency moved to
     dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction. IAF, Tab 8.
¶4         The administrative judge issued an initial decision finding that the appellant
     failed to nonfrivolously allege that her retirement was involuntary. IAF, Tab 26,
     Initial Decision (ID).     Therefore, he denied her request for a hearing and
     dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction. ID at 4. The appellant has filed a
     petition for review of the initial decision and a supplement to her petition for
     review, the agency has responded in opposition, and the appellant has replied to
     the agency’s response. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tabs 1, 3-5. 3

     3
       The appellant requested and received a 30-day extension of time to file a supplement
     in support of her petition for review. PFR File, Tab 1 at 4, Tab 2 at 1. Thereafter, she
     timely filed a supplemental petition for review, which includes 52 pages of documents
     dated between 2010 and 2014. PFR File, Tab 3 at 17-69. The Board generally will not
     consider evidence submitted for the first time on review absent a showing that the
     documents and the information contained in the documents were unavailable before the
     record closed despite due diligence, and that the evidence is of sufficient weight to
     warrant an outcome different from that of the initial decision. See Cleaton v.
     Department of Justice, 122 M.S.P.R. 296, ¶ 7 (2015), aff’d, 839 F.3d 1126 (Fed. Cir.
     2016); 5 C.F.R. § 1201.115(d). Here, the appellant has not alleged or shown that the
     documents, which all predate the November 5, 2016 close of the record, were
     unavailable below or that they are material to the dispositive issue on review. IAF,
     Tab 2 at 3, Tab 4; PFR File, Tabs 1, 3, 5. Therefore, we do not consider them for the
     first time on review.
                                                                                        4

                     DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶5        Generally, the Board lacks the authority to review an employee’s decision
     to resign or retire, as these decisions are presumed to be voluntary acts. Brown v.
     U.S. Postal Service, 115 M.S.P.R. 609, ¶ 9, aff’d, 469 F. App’x 852 (Fed. Cir.
     2011).   An involuntary resignation or retirement, however, is tantamount to a
     removal and is therefore subject to the Board’s jurisdiction. Vitale v. Department
     of Veterans Affairs, 107 M.S.P.R. 501, ¶ 17 (2007). An employee may overcome
     the presumption of voluntariness by showing that her resignation or retirement
     was the product of misinformation or deception by the agency, or of coercive ac ts
     by the agency, such as intolerable working conditions or the unjustified threat of
     an adverse action. SanSoucie v. Department of Agriculture, 116 M.S.P.R. 149,
     ¶ 14 (2011). If the employee makes a nonfrivolous allegation of jurisdiction, i.e.,
     an allegation that, if proven, could establish the Board’s jurisdiction, she is
     entitled to a hearing at which she must prove juri sdiction by a preponderance of
     the evidence. 4 Vitale, 107 M.S.P.R. 501, ¶ 18.
¶6        When, as here, an employee alleges that intolerable working conditions
     forced her to retire, the Board will find her retirement involuntary only if she
     demonstrates that the agency engaged in a course of action that made working
     conditions so difficult or unpleasant that a reasonable person in her positi on
     would have felt compelled to retire.        Id., ¶ 20.   The doctrine of coerced
     involuntariness is “a narrow one” and does not apply if the employee retires
     because she “does not want to accept [measures] that the agency is authorized to
     adopt, even if those measures make continuation in the job so unpleasant . . . that
     [she] feels that [she] has no realistic option but to leave.” Staats v. U.S. Postal
     Service, 99 F.3d 1120, 1124 (1996).        The touchstone of the “voluntariness”

     4
      A preponderance of the evidence is the degree of relevant evidence that a reasonable
     person, considering the record as a whole, would accept as sufficient to find that a
     contested fact is more likely to be true than untrue. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.4(q).
                                                                                        5

     analysis is whether, considering the totality of the circumstances, factors operated
     on the employee’s decision-making process that deprived her of freedom of
     choice. Vitale, 107 M.S.P.R. 501, ¶ 19.
¶7        Here, in her formal EEO complaint and her response to the administrative
     judge’s order on jurisdiction, the appellant alleged that her supe rvisor and the
     Associate Commissioner created intolerable working conditions from 2012
     through 2014 by, among other things: finding that she failed a November 6, 2012
     “Commodities and Services Observation” (observation); harassing her about
     failing the observation; informing her 7 months later in May 2013 that she had
     not actually failed the observation; rating her at an “effective level” on her
     2012-2013 annual performance review; failing to timely reimburse her for travel
     expenses and damages sustained to her vehicle while on work duty; delaying her
     promotion; questioning her travel vouchers, sick leave, and overtime usage ;
     admonishing her on one occasion for not informing her supervisor in advance that
     she would be taking sick leave; placing her on two “unofficial” performance
     improvement plans (PIP); violating her reasonable accommodation that allowed
     her to work from home by instructing her to code housing units that she was
     unable to personally visit as “unable to contact” instead of reassigning them t o
     another employee, which negatively affected her production record; overloading
     her with work; causing a reduction in the number of hours she was available to
     work without reducing her workload on one occasion; postponing an EEO
     meeting because it would have caused her to go into overtime; and subjecting her
     to two investigative interviews. IAF, Tab 7 at 20-33; Tab 23 at 4-7. She further
     alleged that all of the agency’s actions were discriminatory and retaliatory and
     created a hostile work environment. IAF, Tab 7 at 20-33.
¶8        In the initial decision, the administrative judge found that the appellant’s
     allegations of a distasteful work environment, personal conflicts with supervisors,
     and a sluggish bureaucratic agency that was slow to respond to her requests did
     not amount to a nonfrivolous allegation of intolerable work conditions.          ID
                                                                                            6

     at 9-10.   In particular, he noted that, although the appellant was frustrated by
     delays in correcting a purported error in her 2012 observation and in processing
     her reimbursements and promotion, she ultimately received the outcome she
     sought and that there was no evidence that the delays were a tactic used by the
     agency to force her into retirement. ID at 10. He further found that her apparent
     discontent with work assignments and instructions from her supervisors did not
     force her to retire. ID at 10-11. In addition, the administrative judge found that
     the appellant’s allegations of discrimination based on age and disability and
     retaliation for prior protected activity did not raise a nonfrivolous allegation o f
     involuntariness.   ID at 12-13.     Thus, the administrative judge found that the
     appellant failed to make a nonfrivolous allegation that her retirement was
     involuntary. ID at 14. On review, the appellant challenges these findings and
     argues again that the previously described series of events establishes that her
     retirement was involuntary. 5 PFR File, Tabs 1, 3, 5. For the reasons that follow,
     we find no basis to disturb the administrative judge’s well-reasoned determination
     that the appellant has failed to nonfrivolously allege intolerable working
     conditions that would have compelled a reasonable person to retire.
¶9         An employee is not guaranteed a stress-free working environment. Brown,
     115 M.S.P.R. 609, ¶ 15; Miller v. Department of Defense, 85 M.S.P.R. 310, ¶ 32
     (2000).    Dissatisfaction with work assignments, a feeling of being unfairly
     criticized, or difficult or unpleasant working conditions are generally not so
     intolerable as to compel a reasonable person to resign or retire.                Brown,
     115 M.S.P.R. 609, ¶ 15; Miller, 85 M.S.P.R. 310, ¶ 32. Thus, the appellant’s

     5
      The appellant also argues on review that the administrative judge mischaracterized the
     basis of her discrimination and retaliation claim, her position title, and her retirement
     date. PFR File, Tab 3 at 5-7. We have considered these allegations but find that they
     provide no basis to disturb the initial decision. See Panter v. Department of the Air
     Force, 22 M.S.P.R. 281, 282 (1984) (holding that an adjudicatory error that is not
     prejudicial to a party’s substantive rights provides no basis for reversal of an initial
     decision).
                                                                                       7

      allegations of an inconvenient and unpleasant work environment —such as
      management “overloading” her with work, failing to timely process her
      reimbursements and correct her observation, postponing a meeting,              and
      questioning her regarding her use of sick leave, overtime, and travel vouchers—
      do not evince the type of intolerable working conditio ns that would compel a
      reasonable person to retire. See Brown, 115 M.S.P.R. 609, ¶ 15. Likewise, her
      dissatisfaction with certain work assignments and instructions by her supervisor,
      such as directing her to code specific housing units as “unable to contact,” rather
      than reassigning them to another employee, do not render her working conditions
      intolerable. Id.
¶10         The appellant’s allegations that the agency coerced her retirement by giving
      her an “effective” performance rating, delaying a promotion to which she
      believed she was entitled, and placing her on “unofficial” PIPs also fail to
      establish a nonfrivolous allegation of involuntariness. It is well settled that a
      retirement is not involuntary if the employee had a choice of whether to retire or
      to contest the validity of the agency action.      See Garcia v. Department of
      Homeland Security, 437 F.3d 1322, 1329 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (en banc) (quoting
      Christie v. United States, 518 F.2d 584, 587 (1975)). Moreover, “the fact that an
      employee is faced with an unpleasant situation or that [her] choice is limited to
      two unattractive options does not make [her] decision any less voluntary.”
      Staats, 99 F.3d at 1124. Here, the appellant’s choice between challenging her
      performance rating, the delayed promotion, and the alleged unofficial PIPs
      through the appropriate channels or retiring did not render her ultimate choice to
      retire involuntary. Id. Likewise, the appellant’s contention that her supervisor
      forced her to code certain housing unit visits as “unable to contact,” rather than
      reassigning them, which could have negatively affected her production rate , does
      not establish intolerable working conditions because she could have chosen to
      challenge any resulting agency action based on such production issues rather than
      retiring. Id.; Holman v. Department of the Treasury, 9 M.S.P.R. 218, 220 (1981)
                                                                                          8

      (concluding that fear of a possible future adverse action did not rebut the
      presumption of voluntariness).
¶11         In addition, the appellant’s allegation that she was forced to attend two
      investigative interviews, at which her supervisor and another individual
      “interrogated”   her,    does    not   constitute   a   nonfrivolous   allegation   of
      involuntariness. See Baldwin v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 109 M.S.P.R.
      392, ¶¶ 19-20 (2008) (finding that an appellant’s allegation that the agency
      subjected him to, among other things, “unwarranted investigations” did not
      constitute a nonfrivolous allegation of involuntariness). Moreover, her allegation
      that she was “interrogated” during these investigative interviews is vague and
      unsupported and, therefore, is insufficient to constitute a nonfrivolous allegation
      of involuntariness.     See Marcino v. U.S. Postal Service, 344 F.3d 1199, 1204
      (Fed. Cir. 2003) (stating that “unsubstantial speculation in a pleading,”
      unsupported by affidavits or other evidence, does not constitute a nonfrivolous
      allegation).
¶12         Lastly, as the administrative judge correctly found, the appellant’s
      allegations that the agency’s actions were retaliatory or discriminatory are
      insufficient on their own to establish that her retirement was involuntary. ID
      at 10. The Board addresses discrimination and reprisal allegations in connection
      with an alleged involuntary retirement only insofar as t hey relate to the issue of
      voluntariness, i.e., whether, under all of the circumstances, the agency made the
      appellant’s working conditions so difficult that a reasonable person in her
      position would have felt compelled to retire.       Vitale, 107 M.S.P.R. 501, ¶ 20.
      Here, the appellant’s allegation that the agency acted in a retaliatory or
      discriminatory manner, even if true, does not establish that the agency engaged in
                                                                                               9

      a course of conduct that made her working conditions so difficult that a
      reasonable person in her position would have felt compelled to retire. 6
¶13         In light of the foregoing, we find that the administrative judge properly
      dismissed this appeal for lack of jurisdiction without holding the appellant’s
      requested hearing.

                                NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 7
             You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By
      statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such
      review and the appropriate forum with which to file.               5 U.S.C. § 7703(b).
      Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit
      Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most
      appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a
      statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their
      jurisdiction.   If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should
      immediately review the law applicable to your claims and care fully follow all
      filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file within the applicable time
      limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum.
             Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review
      below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions

      6
        On review, the appellant argues for the first time that the agency retaliated against her
      for alleged disclosures in 2013 and June 2014. PFR File, Tab 1 at 10, Tab 3 at 6, 13.
      The Board generally will not consider an argument raised for th e first time in a petition
      for review absent a showing that it is based on new and material evidence not
      previously available despite the party’s due diligence. Banks v. Department of the Air
      Force, 4 M.S.P.R. 268, 271 (1980). The appellant has made no such showing here.
      PFR File, Tab 1 at 10, Tab 3 at 6, 13. Moreover, her allegations of whistleblower
      reprisal do not establish that the agency coerced her retirement and, therefore, would
      not warrant a different outcome in this appeal. See Vitale, 107 M.S.P.R. 501, ¶ 20.
      7
        Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
      the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
      Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                        10

about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.                 5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit    your   petition    to   the   court    at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any att orney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or    EEOC    review     of   cases      involving   a   claim      of
discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
                                                                                11

judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court (not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.     5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. ____ , 137 S. Ct. 1975 (2017).          If you have a
representative in this case, and your representative receives this decision before
you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar days
after your representative receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of
discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling
condition, you may be entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and
to waiver of any requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security. See
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must fil e
with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                         Office of Federal Operations
                  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                               P.O. Box 77960
                          Washington, D.C. 20013
                                                                                     12

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial    review    pursuant     to   the   Whistleblower       Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section
2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i),
(B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either with the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 8   The court of appeals must receive your petition for
review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:

8
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115 -195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                              13

                             U.S. Court of Appeals
                             for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                            Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:                                    /s/ for
                                          Jennifer Everling
                                          Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.