Court Opinion

ID: 4583767
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-04 20:15:29.640869+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:44:50.062251
License: Public Domain

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

Michael Ellis,                                                                       FILED
Plaintiff Below, Petitioner
                                                                                 November 4, 2020
                                                                                  EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
vs.)   No. 19-0908 (Kanawha County 17-C-190)                                      SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                      OF WEST VIRGINIA

West Virginia Human Rights Commission,
Defendant Below, Respondent

                               MEMORANDUM DECISION

        Petitioner Michael Ellis, self-represented litigant, appeals the September 20, 2017, order
of the Circuit Court of Kanawha County granting Respondent West Virginia Human Rights
Commission’s (“HRC”) motion to dismiss petitioner’s civil action and the circuit court’s
September 6, 2019, order denying petitioner’s motion to alter or amend the September 20, 2017,
order. The HRC, by counsel Carrie A. Dysart and Michael E. Mullins, filed a response.

       The Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons,
a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        Petitioner was terminated from his employment with the Kanawha County Public Library
on July 2, 2013. Since petitioner’s termination, he has filed various civil actions not only against
the library, but also against the judicial and administrative offices charged with administrating
and/or adjudicating his claims. 1
       1
        In Ellis v. Kanawha County Public Library Board, No. 14-0418, 2014 WL 6607886 (W.
Va. November 21, 2014) (memorandum decision), petitioner alleged that the library violated the
West Virginia Wage Payment and Collection Act (“WPCA”), West Virginia Code §§ 21-5-1
through 21-518. Id. at *1. In Ellis v. Kanawha County Public Library, No. 15-0574, 2016 WL

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        In the instant action, petitioner filed a complaint on February 9, 2017, asserting that the
HRC’s dismissal of his discrimination complaint against the library was “fraudulent.” Petitioner
states that he sought monetary damages from the HRC up to the limits of its insurance coverage. 2

        On March 30, 2017, the HRC filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, arguing that it was
immune from petitioner’s action pursuant to Article VI, Section 35 of the West Virginia
Constitution. 3 On April 5, 2017, petitioner filed a response to the motion to dismiss. By order
entered on September 20, 2017, the circuit court dismissed petitioner’s complaint. 4 On September
29, 2017, petitioner filed a motion to alter or amend the September 20, 2017, order pursuant to
Rule 59(e) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure. By order entered on September 6, 2019,
the circuit court denied the motion.

         Petitioner now appeals the circuit court’s September 20, 2017, and September 6, 2019,
orders. 5 We have held that the standard of review for a Rule 59(e) motion to alter or amend a

363563 (W. Va. January 29, 2016) (memorandum decision), petitioner asserted an additional
WPCA claim found to be barred by the doctrine of res judicata and a claim of intentional infliction
of emotional distress, based upon the manner in which the library defended against his prior WPCA
action, which was found to be barred by the litigation privilege. Id. at *1-2. In Ellis v. Office of
Kanawha County Circuit Clerk, No. 18-0612, 2019 WL 6998679 (W. Va. December 20, 2019)
(memorandum decision), this Court affirmed the award of summary judgment to the Office of
Kanawha County Circuit Clerk on petitioner’s claim that there was intentional mishandling of the
complaint against the HRC in the case currently being appealed. Id. at *2-3.
       2
        We note that petitioner failed to include that February 9, 2017, complaint in the record he
submitted to the Court with his petition for appeal.
       3
         As we noted in State ex rel. Ladanye v. West Virginia Legislative Claims Commission,
242 W. Va. 420, 836 S.E.2d 71 (2019), “[o]ur State constitution provides sovereign immunity
protections and does not allow for suits to be brought against the State.” Id. at __, 836 S.E.2d at
76-77 (citing W. Va. Const. art. VI, § 35). The HRC is an instrumentality of the State pursuant to
the West Virginia Human Rights Act, West Virginia Code §§ 5-11-1 through 5-11-20.
       4
          To the extent that the circuit court ruled on other grounds raised by the HRC for the
dismissal of petitioner’s civil action, we address only the issue of sovereign immunity because we
find that it constitutes a sufficient basis on which to affirm the dismissal of the instant action as
the appellate record does not establish that petitioner limited his request for monetary damages to
the extent of the HRC’s insurance coverage. See Syl. Pt. 2, Pittsburgh Elevator v. W.Va. Board of
Regents, 172 W. Va. 743, 310 S.E.2d 675 (1983) (holding that “[s]uits which seek no recovery
from state funds, but rather allege that recovery is sought under and up to the limits of the State's
liability insurance coverage, fall outside the traditional constitutional bar to suits against the
State”).
       5
           We note that a timely-filed motion to alter or amend judgment “suspends the finality of

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judgment “is the same standard that would apply to the underlying judgment upon which the
motion is based and from which the appeal to this Court is filed.” Syl. Pt. 1, Wickland v. Am.
Travellers Life In. Co., 204 W. Va. 430, 513 S.E.2d 657 (1998). “Appellate review of a circuit
court’s order granting a motion to dismiss a complaint is de novo.” Syl. Pt. 2, State ex rel. McGraw
v. Scott Runyan Pontiac-Buick, Inc., 194 W.Va. 770, 461 S.E.2d 516 (1995). “On an appeal to this
Court[,] the appellant bears the burden of showing that there was error in the proceedings below
resulting in the judgment of which he complains, all presumptions being in favor of the correctness
of the proceedings and judgment in and of the trial court.” Syl. Pt. 1, White v. Haines, 215 W. Va.
698, 601 S.E.2d 18 (2004) (quoting Syl. Pt. 2, Perdue v. Coiner, 156 W. Va. 467, 194 S.E.2d 657
(1973)).

       On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in dismissing his instant civil action
because the HRC has insurance coverage. 6 The HRC counters that the circuit court properly
dismissed the action because it was immune pursuant to Article VI, Section 35 of the West Virginia
Constitution. We agree with the HRC.

      In Syllabus Points 1, 2, 3, and 6 of Parkulo v. West Virginia Bd. of Probation and Parole,
199 W. Va. 161, 483 S.E.2d 507 (1996), we held:

               “Suits which seek no recovery from state funds, but rather allege that
       recovery is sought under and up to the limits of the State’s liability insurance
       coverage, fall outside the traditional constitutional bar to suits against the State.”
       Syl. pt. 2, Pittsburgh Elevator v. W.Va. Board of Regents, 172 W.Va. 743, 310
       S.E.2d 675 (1983).

               “W.Va. Code, 29-12-5(a) (1986), provides an exception for the State’s
       constitutional immunity found in Section 35 of Article VI of the West Virginia
       Constitution. It requires the State Board of Risk and Insurance Management to
       purchase or contract for insurance and requires that such insurance policy ‘shall
       provide that the insurer shall be barred and estopped from relying upon the
       constitutional immunity of the State of West Virginia against claims or suits.’” Syl.
       pt. 1, Eggleston v. W.Va. Dept. of Highways, 189 W.Va. 230, 429 S.E.2d 636
       (1993).

the judgment and makes the judgment unripe for appeal” until such time that the motion is
resolved. Syl. Pt. 7, in part, James M.B. v. Carolyn M., 193 W. Va. 289, 456 S.E.2d 16 (1995).
       6
         Petitioner further argues that The Honorable Jennifer F. Bailey was prejudiced against
him. Despite this claim, we note that petitioner did not file a motion for the judge’s disqualification
pursuant to Rule 17.01 of the West Virginia Trial Court Rules. Therefore, we decline to address
this issue on appeal. See Watts v. Ballard, 238 W. Va. 730, 735 n.7, 798 S.E.2d 856, 861 n.7 (2017)
(stating that “[t]his Court will not pass on a nonjurisdictional question which has not been decided
by the trial court in the first instance”) (quoting Syl. Pt. 2, Sands v. Sec. Trust Co., 143 W. Va.
522, 102 S.E.2d 733 (1958)).
                                                   3
               In the future, this Court will not review suits against the State brought under
       the authority of W.Va. Code § 29-12-5 unless it is alleged that the recovery sought
       is limited to the applicable insurance coverage and the scope of the coverage and
       its exceptions are apparent from the record.

                 ....

              Unless the applicable insurance policy otherwise expressly provides, a State
       agency or instrumentality, as an entity, is immune under common-law principles
       from tort liability in W.Va. Code § 29-12-5 actions for acts or omissions in the
       exercise of a legislative or judicial function and for the exercise of an administrative
       function involving the determination of fundamental governmental policy. 7

(Footnote added).

       Here, petitioner argues that Article VI, Section 35 of the West Virginia Constitution does
not bar the civil action because his complaint sought monetary damages only up to the limits of
the HRC’s insurance coverage. The HRC counters that petitioner failed to limit his request for
monetary damages to the extent of the HRC’s coverage.

         We decline to address petitioner’s argument that he properly limited his requested relief
because he did not include the underlying complaint in the appellate record. Rule 10(c)(7) of the
West Virginia Rules of Appellate Procedure provides, in pertinent part, that petitioner’s “argument
must contain appropriate and specific citations to the record on appeal, including citations that
pinpoint when and how the issues in the assignments of error were presented to the lower tribunal,”
and that “[t]he Court may disregard errors that are not adequately supported by specific references
to the record on appeal.” In State v. Honaker, 193 W. Va. 51, 56 n.4, 454 S.E.2d 96, 101 n.4 (1994),
we stated that we must “take as non[-]existing all facts that do not appear in the [appellate] record
and will ignore those issues where the missing record is needed to give factual support to the
claim.”

       Similarly, the record contains no information with regard to “the scope of the [HRC’s]

       7
           West Virginia Code § 29-12-5(a)(4) provides, in pertinent part, that:

       [a]ny policy of insurance purchased or contracted for by the [West Virginia Board
       of Risk and Insurance Management] shall provide that the insurer shall be barred
       and estopped from relying upon the constitutional immunity of the State of West
       Virginia against claims or suits: Provided, That nothing herein shall bar a state
       agency or state instrumentality from relying on the constitutional immunity granted
       the State of West Virginia against claims or suits arising from or out of any state
       property, activity or responsibility not covered by a policy or policies of
       insurance[.]

(Emphasis in original).
                                                   4
coverage and its exceptions.” Parkulo, 199 W. Va. at 163, 483 S.E.2d at 509, syl. pt. 3. Therefore,
in light of Syllabus Point 3 of Parkulo, we conclude that petitioner fails to show that the circuit
court erred in dismissing his action against the HRC pursuant to the sovereign immunity set forth
in Article VI, Section 35 of the West Virginia Constitution. See also id. at 175, 483 S.E.2d at 521
(stating that “[w]e require that the record in such actions reflect both the pleading of that limitation
on recovery and the scope of such insurance coverage and the contractual exceptions applicable to
each such case”).

        For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s September 20, 2017, order
dismissing petitioner’s civil action and the court’s September 6, 2019, order denying his motion
to altern or amend the judgment.

                                                                                             Affirmed.

ISSUED: November 4, 2020

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Tim Armstead
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Evan H. Jenkins
Justice John A. Hutchison

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