Court Opinion

ID: 1077944
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:25:10.028873+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:35:16.136045
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                                   AT JACKSON

PATSY LOREAN JOHNSON,                )
                                                                     FILED
                                     )                                December 3, 1998
       Plaintiff/Appellee,           )      Shelby Chancery No. D-13441-3
                                     )                                Cecil Crowson, Jr.
v.                                   )                               Appellate C ourt Clerk
                                     )
JAMES LARRY JOHNSON,                 )      Appeal No. 02A01-9703-CH-00069
                                     )
       Defendant/Appellant.          )

            APPEAL FROM THE CHANCERY COURT OF SHELBY COUNTY
                          AT MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE

                THE HONORABLE D. J. ALISSANDRATOS, CHANCELLOR

For the Plaintiff/Appellee:          For the Defendant/Appellant:

Charlie R. Ashford                   Lawrence W. White
Memphis, Tennessee                   Memphis, Tennessee

                                     AFFIRMED

                                     HOLLY KIRBY LILLARD, J.

CONCURS:

DAVID R. FARMER, J.

HEWITT P. TOMLIN, JR., SR.J.
                                                 OPINION

          This is a divorce case. In the original divorce, years ago, the wife was awarded shares of

stock from the husband’s p ension fund. Subs equently, the pension fund was distributed to the

husband, with no monie s going to the wife. In this action, the trial court awarded the wife a

judgment for the value o f the stock at the time of the trial co urt’s order. The husband appeals. We

affirm.

          Patsy Lorean Johnson (“Wife”) filed for divorce from James Larry Johnson (“Husband”) in

Shelby County, Tennessee, on October 8, 1985. During the litigation, Husband threatened that he

would quit his job and collect his pension before he would pay Wife alimony or agree to a division

of the marital assets. The trial court then entered an injunction prohibiting Husband’s employer from

distributing to Husband “any savings, pension or profit sharing funds, or other retirement funds,

pending furth er orders of this Court.” Th is injunctio n was nev er modified o r lifted.

          The final decree of div orce was en tered on D ecember 1 9, 1986. The decree awarded Wife:

          the exclu sive ow nershi p of a one half (½) interest in any and all pension fund s, profit
          sharing accounts, savings or stock accounts held in the name of or for the use and
          benefit of the defendant, James Larry Johns on, by his employer, Buckeye Cellulose
          Com pany, any of its agents, fiduciaries or depositories and said interest shall be
          vested and determined as of December 15, 1986.

Nothing was done at that time to transfer Wife’s interest to her. Husband continued to work for

Buckeye C ellulose after the divorce.

          In May 1996 , Wife filed a petition to require Husban d to disclose his pensio n and profit

sharing funds. After a hearing, the trial court found that, in 1993, the pension funds had been

distributed to Husband with no funds going to Wife. The trial court’s findings may be summarized

as follows:

          1.     In the parties’ divorce decree dated December 19, 1986, Wife was awarded
          one-half of Husband’s pension, savings and profit sharing accounts with his
          empl oyer, B ucke ye Cell ulos e Com pany.
          2.     Husband’s employer, however, never transferred the funds into Wife’s name.
          3.     The entire pension fund was distributed to Husband on or about March 16,
          1993.
          4.     Husband did not deliver to Wife her share of the funds.
          5.     At the time of the divorce, Wife was entitled to 533.802 shares of Proctor and
          Gamble common stock and cash amounting to $2,557.87.
          6.     The shares have split two for one on October 20, 1989 and again on May 15,
          1992.
          7.     At the time of distribution in 199 3, Wife was entitled to 2,135.208 shares of
          Proctor & Gamble stock, and share value as of September 17, 1996 was $93.00 per
          share.
          8.     Plaintiff is entitled to receive the sum of $198,574.34 for her shares, plus the
          cash award of $2,557.87, for a total award of $201,132.21.

The trial court also found Husb and in contemp t, and ordered him incarcerated until he purged
himself of the contempt by payment of the judgment. Husband was later released from custody and

filed this appe al.

          We review the trial court’s findings de novo, with a presumption of correctness of the trial

court’s findings of fact. See Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). “Trial courts are entitled to broad discretion

in adjudicating the rights of parties in a divorce case. Decisions based upon this discretion are

entitled to great weight.” Cutsinger v. Cutsinger, 917 S.W.2d 238, 243 (Tenn. App. 1995) (citations

omitted). No transcript or statement of the evidence was filed in this case, so our review is confined

to the techn ical record.

          Husband argues that the trial court erred in ordering him incarcerated for civil contempt un til

he paid Wife the sum o f $201,132.21, an am ount representing the presen t value o f the pension

account. Husband contends that the trial court should have instead awarded Wife $49,000, which

represents the value of Wife’s fifty-percent interest in the pension fund in 1986, when the divorce

decree was entered. On appeal, Husband does not challenge his incarceration, only the amount of

the mone y judgment ren dered agains t him.

          At the time of the divorce, under the trial court’s orders, Wife was entitled to 533.802 shares

of Proctor and Gam ble commo n stock. The shares split two for one o n October 20, 19 89 and again

on May 15, 1992 to result in a total of 2,135.208 shares. Share value as of September 17, 1996 was

$93.00 per share, for a to tal cash valu e of $198,5 74.34.

          Husband claims that the trial court should not have included in its valuation stock splits that

occurred twice during the ten years since the divo rce decree, alleging that this valuation is "arbitrary

and without a factual basis." The divorce decree states that Wife's interest "shall be vested and

determined as of December 19, 1986." Therefore, Husband claims that the trial court should not

have used present day dollars to determine the value of Wife's percentage. Husband alleges that the

divorce decree could not have granted the trial court jurisdiction to divide property acquired in the

future.

          In dividing marital assets, one of two methods ma y be employed to value and distribute

pension benefits. In the first method, the trial court determines the present cash value of the pension

at the time of the dissolution of the marriage. The trial court then determines the value of the

percentage owed to the non-employee spouse and “awards the other spouse marital property of equal

value.” Kendrick v. Kendrick, 902 S.W.2d 918, 927 (Tenn. App. 1994). The second method, called

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the “retained jurisdiction” method, “requires the court to retain jurisdiction over the case and to defer

dividing the pension interest until the pension vests or matures.” Id.; see Cohen v. Cohen, 937
S.W.2d 823 (Ten n.

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1996). Under this method, th e trial court retain s jurisdiction to oversee th e payment of b enefits. See

Cohen, 937 S.W .2d at 831 .

        In this case, the trial court’s 1986 permanent injunction stated that “no funds shall be

distributed to [Husband] from any savings, pension or profit sharing funds, or other retirement funds,

pending further orders of this Court.” In the 1986 final decree of divorce, the trial court awarded

Wife:

        the exclusive ownership of a one half (½) interest in any and all pension funds, profit
        sharing accounts, savings or stock accounts held in the name of or for the use and
        benefit of the defendant, James Larry Johnson, by his employer, Buckeye Cellulose
        Company, any of its agents, fiduciaries or depositories and said interest shall be
        vested and determined as of December 15, 1986. And said interest shall be paid to
        her at the earliest date allowable; that any of defendants [sic] interest in and to said
        one-half (½) of said fund is devested out of defendant and vested in plaintiff and any
        interest of the plaintiff in the balance is divested out of her and vested in the
        defendant.

The final decree of divorce did not mention the earlier permanent injunction and made no further

provision to distribute Wife’s interest in the pension funds to her.

        Therefore, the trial court’s final decree of divorce does not state expressly whether the

pension funds were valued by the present cash value method or the retained jurisdiction method.

Husband argues that, in the judgment that is the subject of this appeal, the trial court erred in the

valuation of the pension because Wife’s interest should have been limited to a portion o f the benefits

that Husban d earned d uring the marriage, and any accrual beyond that amount belonged to him.

However, in the 1986 decree, the trial court simply awarded Wife a fixed percentage of the shares

of stock in the pension fund, and left in place the permanent injunction prohibiting the distribution

of the pension fund to Husband. Therefore, it is clear that the trial court in its 1986 decree did not

value the pension fund under the “present value” method, because no shares of stock or equivalent

monies were distributed to Wife. Implicitly, by fixing Wife’s share of the pension fund and leaving

in place the injunction against its distribution, the trial court retained jurisdiction over the pension

fund to be distributed at a later date.

        Husband argues that, by awarding Wife a judgment that gives her the benefit of stock splits

and increases in value after the final decree of divorce, the trial court erroneously awarded Wife a

division of property out of Husband’s future earnings or property acquired in the future. In support

of his contention, Husband cites Ettinger v. Ettinger, 637 P.2d 63 (Okla. 1981). In Ettinger, the

wife claimed a one-half interest in stock options that her former husband would receive from his

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employer some time in the future. The Ettinger court found that it was “with out authority to make

a division o f property out of . . . ‘future acquired property.’” Id. at 65. It stated that “[s]tock options

not in existence at the time of the entering of the divorce decree, and over which [Husband] had no

interest whatsoever, is simply not property acquired by [Wife] and [Husband] during coverture and

therefore is not subject to being divided by the court.” Id.

        Therefore, in Ettinger, the wife sought division of stock options not yet earned by the

husband at the time of the divorce decree. In contrast, in this case, Wife received in the 1986 divorce

decree shares of stock that were in existence at the time o f the divorce. These shares increased in

number and in value as the result of economic factors outside the parties’ control. The increase in

value of Wife’s share in the pension was not contingent upon any action by Husband, suc h as his

continue d employm ent with tha t compan y.

        The facts in this case are analogous to those in Bigbie v. Bigbie, 898 P.2d 1271 (Okla. 1995).

In Bigbie, the husband, an insurance agent, claimed that the trial court erred in considering future

commissions on renewals of insurance policies as marital assets and not as “future acquired

property.” Bigbie, 898 P.2d at 1272. The appellate court found that the anticipated renewal

commissions were properly designated as marital prop erty because “the husban d was entitled to

receive the income under a contractual agreement with the insurance company which also provided

for the husband’s heirs to receive the renewal comm issions in the event of his dea th and allowed the

husband to assign the commission s under certain circumstan ces.” Id. at 1273 (citin g Niroo v. Niroo,

545 A.2d 35 (Md. 1988)). As in Bigbie, in this case, Husband was entitled to receive the pension

under a contractual arrangement with h is employer esta blished at th e time of the div orce decree . See

also Pascale v. Pascale, 660 A.2d 485, 498 (N.J. 1995 ) (“[S]tock op tions awa rded after the m arriage

has terminated but obtained as a result of efforts expended during the marriage should b e subject to

equitable d istribution.” ).

        It must be noted that post-m arriage appreci ation of a marit al asset is not m arital property. See

Fox v. Fox, 441 S.E.2d 613 , 616 (N.C. App. 19 94). Howev er, after the 1986 decree of divorce,

Wife’s share of the pension fund was no longer marital property; rather, it was Wife’s separate

prop erty. Husband seek s to retain the benefit of the stock splits and their increase in value, but after

the 1986 decree, those shares of stock no longer belonged to him.

        Husband also asserts that Wife should be barred from pursuing her claim by the doctrine of

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laches. Husband contends that by failing to bring this action for over seven years, Wife lost her

rights to the funds. Husband points to no place in the record before this Court in which this issue

was raised before the trial court. It is well-settled that “[i]ssues not raised or complained of in the

trial court will not be considered on appeal.” Tops Ba r-B-Que , Inc. v. Stringer, 582 S.W.2d 756,

758 (Tenn. App. 1977); see Carl Clear Coal Corp. v. Huddleston, 850 S.W.2d 140, 143-44 (Tenn.

App. 19 92). Therefor e, the argumen t will not be co nsidered o n appeal.

        Finally, Husband contends that the trial court erred in determining that he was in willfu l

contempt of a permanent injunction when the final decree of divorce did not mention the

continuation of the injunction. As noted above, we have no transcript or statement of evidence on

the proceedings below. The trial court's findings do not addres s Husb and's alle ged vio lation o f a

permanent injunction. The technical record does not reflect the basis for the finding of contempt.

The trial court’s order entered on September 20, 1996, states only that Husband:

        knew of [Wife’s] interest in the pension, profit sharing and savings funds distributed
        to him on March 16, 1993; that he has failed to produce records of transactions or to
        account to [Wife] or the Court for the funds received and the Court finds [Husband]
        in willful Civil Contempt of the prior Orders of the Court and that he should be
        incarcerated until he has pu rged himself of said Civil Contem pt.

Without an app ellate record setting f orth the factual basis for the trial court’s ruling, “we must

assume that the record, had it been preserved, would have contained sufficient evidence to suppo rt

the trial court’s factual findings.”   Sherrod v. W ix, 849 S.W.2d 7 80, 783 (Tenn. A pp. 1992).

Therefore, w e must find th is issue to be without m erit.

        The decision of the trial court is affirmed. Costs are assessed against the Appellant, for

which execution may issue, if necessary.

                                        HOLLY KIRBY LILLARD, J.

CONCUR:

DAVID R. FARMER, J.

HEWITT P. TOMLIN, JR., SR.J.

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