Court Opinion

ID: 9408762
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-07-13 16:09:07.306402+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:46.422032
License: Public Domain

J-S24033-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37

    KAYLA FLOOD                                :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JONATHAN SLAUGHTER                         :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 154 MDA 2023

      Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered September 21, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Civil Division at No(s):
                             2022-CV-1767-AB

BEFORE:      BENDER, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.:                            FILED JULY 13, 2023

        Appellant Jonathan Slaughter appeals nunc pro tunc from the

September 21, 2022, judgment of sentence entered in the Court of Common

Pleas of Dauphin County following his conviction at a non-jury trial on the

charge of indirect criminal contempt, 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6114, stemming from his

violation of a Protection From Abuse (“PFA”)1 order. After a careful review,

we affirm.

        The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows: On March 11,

2022, Kayla Flood (“the victim”) filed a petition for a PFA order against

Appellant, who is the father of her minor child. On that same date, the trial

____________________________________________

*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1   See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6101 et seq.
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court filed a temporary PFA order, effective March 11, 2022. On March 23,

2022, the trial court entered a final PFA order against Appellant, effective

March 23, 2022, and expiring on September 23, 2022,2 which provided:

       1. [Appellant] shall not abuse, harass, stalk, threaten, or attempt
          to use physical force against [the victim] in any place where
          [she] might be found.
       2. [Appellant] shall not contact [the victim], or any other person
          protected under this order, by telephone or by any other
          means, including through third persons.
       3. Additional findings of this order are set forth below.

PFA order, filed 3/23/22, at 1.

       In   its   additional   findings,       the   trial   court   specifically   provided

“[Appellant] may not post any remark(s) and/or images regarding

[the victim], on any social network(s), including, but not limited to,

Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, or any other electronic networks.” Id.

at 3 (bold in original).

       On July 13, 2022, Lower Paxton Township Police Officer Melinda

Welcomer filed a criminal complaint against Appellant charging him with one

count of indirect criminal contempt under 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6114 for violation of

the final PFA order. Relevantly, Officer Welcomer averred in the affidavit of

probable cause:

             [Appellant] did post the following on Instagram on 6/25/22
       under the screen name “bklynandeverywhere.” The main page has
       a photo of [Appellant] and has the name “Jonathan Slaughter” on
____________________________________________

2Subsequently, on September 21, 2022, the trial court extended the final PFA
order to expire on September 23, 2023.

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         it. The post said the following: “You get a nigga locked up who
         didn’t hit you to end up w/ one who actually does. Karma is a
         bitch. I don’t condone hitting women ESPECIALLY pregnant ones.
         Just saying when you’re evil it comes back around to you.”
               It should be noted that [Appellant] mentioned to [the
         victim] at a later date about knowledge he received about [the
         victim] allegedly being abused by her current boyfriend. [The
         victim] is also pregnant.

Police    Complaint,   Affidavit   of   Probable   Cause,   filed   7/13/22,   at   4

(capitalization in original).

         On September 21, 2022, Appellant proceeded to a non-jury trial at

which he was represented by counsel. At trial, the victim testified she and

Appellant were in a romantic relationship “off and on” from 2013 until 2020,

and they have a seven-year-old son together. N.T., 9/21/22, at 4. The victim

testified she and Appellant are in an “ongoing custody case.” Id.

         The victim testified that, on July 1, 2022, at 6:30 p.m., she and

Appellant were communicating on the parenting app provided for under the

parties’ custody order. Id. at 6, 8, 10. During the conversation, Appellant

made “some comments about [the victim’s] current boyfriend beating [her]

up[.]” Id. at 6. Specifically, when the victim asked Appellant why their son

was hungry after he had been in Appellant’s care, Appellant responded their

son had eaten “only once that day.” Id. at 7. When the victim asked him

why their son had eaten only once, Appellant responded their son told

Appellant that the victim’s “dude beat [her] in front of [their son], and [the

victim] then beat [their son] for telling [Appellant about the victim’s]

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business.” Id. Appellant told the victim she should be more concerned about

these incidents than about why their son had eaten only once while he was in

Appellant’s custody. Id.

       The victim testified a friend subsequently told her Appellant had posted

comments on his Instagram page, which is “bklynandeverywhere,” and on

July 13, 2022, she looked at Appellant’s Instagram page. Id. at 6-8. She

testified she knew it was Appellant’s Instagram account because they had

been in “some type of relationship for years, and [that had] always been his

Instagram account.”3 Id. at 8. The victim saw comments on Appellant’s social

media page “referring to the incident that he had brought up between him and

[the victim] on the parenting app.”            Id. at 6.   Specifically, Appellant had

posted the following comment: “You get a nigga locked up that hit you to end

up with one who actually does. Karma is a bitch.” Id. at 9. She noted the

caption of the post indicated: “I don’t condone hitting women, especially

pregnant ones. Just saying when you’re evil it comes back around to you.”

Id.

       The victim testified that, although she did not learn of or read the

comments on Appellant’s Instagram account until July 13, 2022, the account

reflected the comments were posted on June 25, 2022. Id. at 13. She noted

____________________________________________

3The Commonwealth also offered into evidence an exhibit, which showed a
photo on Instagram under the username “bklynandeverywhere.” Id. at 9.
The victim confirmed the photo was of Appellant and his daughter. Id.

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that during the time the comments were posted on Appellant’s Instagram

account, as well as at the time of trial, she was pregnant. Id. She also noted

that in 2020 Appellant assaulted her, and he served “some jail time” in

connection with the assault.        Id. at 11-12.    Accordingly, given she was

pregnant, she had been the object of his previous assault resulting in his jail

time, and the comments were similar to those made to her by Appellant on

the parenting app, the victim concluded the post on Appellant’s Instagram

page was about her. Id. at 10-11. The victim testified she, thus, went to the

police station to report Appellant’s violation of the trial court’s PFA order. Id.

at 10.

         On cross-examination, the victim testified she neither told Appellant that

she was dating someone else nor that she was pregnant. Id. at 14. However,

she testified that, during the July 1, 2022, parenting app communication,

Appellant mentioned to her that their son had told him about the victim’s

pregnancy.      Id.   She noted Appellant had custody of their son prior to

Appellant’s posting of the comments on his Instagram account on June 25,

2022. Id. She also noted the last time she saw Appellant in person was on

May 23, 2022, during a custody mediation proceeding, at which time her

pregnancy “was showing.” Id. at 15.

         Further, on cross-examination, the victim admitted that, during the time

she was romantically involved with Appellant, he mentioned a person by the

name of “True” who was from New York. Id. at 20. However, she noted this

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was “early on” in their relationship, so her memory about “True” was “vague.”

Id. at 21. She admitted Appellant’s Instagram post did not mention her by

name. Id.

      Sasha Hall testified she is Appellant’s current paramour. Id. at 22. She

testified that, after elementary school closed for the summer, she began to

help Appellant with the custody exchanges for his son. Id. at 24. Specifically,

beginning in early June of 2022, she often took the child to meet the victim

for custody exchanges. Id. She testified she neither knew nor saw evidence

that the victim was pregnant in June of 2022. Id. She admitted that, if the

victim’s pregnancy had been evident to her, she would probably have told

Appellant. Id.

      On cross-examination, Ms. Hall confirmed that, beginning in June of

2022, she often met the victim in the parking lot of a grocery store to

exchange custody of the child. Id. at 26. She admitted that both women

would exit their respective vehicles during the exchanges. Id. She reiterated

that, while she noticed the victim was “thick” or “heavyset,” she did not realize

this was because of a pregnancy. Id.

      Appellant admitted he posted the comments at issue on his Instagram

account. Id. at 31. However, he denied the comments were about the victim;

but rather, he testified the comments were about True’s son, Kahlil.         Id.

Specifically, he testified as follows on direct examination:

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            Q. There’s been testimony by [the victim] that she believes
      [the Instagram post] was about her. Would you like to clarify for
      the Judge and the Court who that was actually about?
             A. That was about my friend, True, who she said that she
      knows. Actually, it’s about his son. His son was in a relationship—
      it’s—I know True from New York. And there’s a little community
      that we know each other; we have mutual friends and everything
      else. And his son was in a relationship that was kind of the
      neighborhood news. He was taking care of this young lady and
      real nice to her and everything else, and it was like it seemed like
      [an] ideal relationship for the most part. And then—
            Q. What was his son’s name?
            A. Kahlil.
            Q. And what happened?
            A. Oh, things went sour. He got—to be—to be honest, he
      got caught cheating on her, and when [his girlfriend found out],
      she called the cops on him, got him locked up. And now the reason
      why I sent the post was because of the current situation is that
      he was with her, taking care of her, and not doing—and her
      daughter and everything else and treating her real good, and now
      she’s in an abusive relationship with someone else who was
      driving a car and spending her money and not treating her as good
      as Kahlil did and actually abusing her as well.
            Q. And is that young lady pregnant?
            A. Yes, she is.
            Q. And how did you find out about all this information?
            A. Through my friend, True.

Id.at 31-32.

      Appellant denied the comments on his Instagram page were “geared

toward [the victim].” Id. at 32. He testified he was not aware the victim was

pregnant until he was “handcuffed for this case at [his] parole agent’s office,

and [he] was reading the affidavit for why [he] was arrested.” Id. He testified

he pays no attention to the victim’s personal relationships, except that he is

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concerned since his son told him that he was afraid of the victim’s boyfriend

because he saw the man hit the victim. Id. at 33. He noted his son did not

tell him that the victim’s boyfriend hit her until after he posted the comments

on Instagram. Id. Prior to this, he had no reason to believe the victim was

being abused by her boyfriend. Id. at 34.

         Appellant admitted he “regretfully” assaulted the victim in 2020. Id. at

37. He testified he is currently on parole for other offenses unrelated to the

victim, and the victim is aware that if he is convicted of another criminal

offense, his parole could be revoked. Id. at 37, 41. He suggested this is the

victim’s motivation in claiming the comments on Instagram are about her. Id.

at 37.

         On cross-examination, Appellant testified as follows:

               Q. You discussed briefly on direct this girl—it was True,
         gentleman, and then it was about this girl. What’s that girl’s
         name?
              A. Sharita.
              Q. How do you spell that?
              A. S-h-a-r-i-t-a.
               Q. And your testimony on direct was that this post on
         Instagram was directed towards this Sharita?
              A. Yes.
              Q. Are you friends with that Sharita?
              A. Yes. It was—it was a general post—you asked me, it was
         a general post just put out there for the people in the
         neighborhood that knew about the situation.
              Q. Oh, so it wasn’t directed towards Sharita this time
         around?

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          A. It was, like I said, a general post to put—like I said,
     people in the neighborhood knew what was going on and people
     in—that’s what it was about, yes.
           Q. So you weren’t trying to blast, quote unquote, Sharita?
           A. The situation was so, yes.
          Q. And do you follow those people from, quote unquote, the
     neighborhood?
           A. Yeah, yes, we do follow each other.
           Q. What’s Drew’s name?
           A. True.
           Q. True, what’s his name?
           A. Alfred Pont.
           Q. Do you follow him on Instagram?
           A. He doesn’t really do Instagram.
           Q. What about Kahlil?
           A. That’s his son. No, I don’t follow him on Instagram.
           Q. So three of the names you provided to the Court you
     don’t follow on Instagram?
           A. Yeah. Like I said—
          Q. But you were just being a nice person putting out a
     general public service announcement?
            A. It was more than just a public service announcement.
     Like I said, it was people in the neighborhood that—that follow the
     post that I was addressing.
                                   ***
           Q. Let’s talk about the post directly….So, you’re saying to
     this Court, and I’m referencing the caption: I don’t condone hitting
     women, especially pregnant women. Just saying when you’re evil
     it comes back around to you.
           A. Yes.
            Q. That’s the general public service announcement you were
     testifying to?
           A. Yes.
           Q. Not directed towards the victim?

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              A. Definitely not. It was directed toward Sharita and that
       situation because she got him locked up for infidelity.

Id. at 39-42.

       Appellant indicated that, before he posted the comments on Instagram

on June 25, 2022, he had no knowledge that the victim was pregnant or that

she was allegedly being abused by her new boyfriend. Id. at 42.

       At the conclusion of all testimony, the trial court indicated:

       The Court can’t set aside its common sense and reason. And
       despite the arguments of counsel in this matter, it’s clear to me
       beyond a reasonable doubt that this post was directed to the
       victim in this case, and therefore, we’ll find [Appellant] guilty on
       indirect criminal contempt.

Id. at 48.

       The trial court sentenced Appellant to three months’ probation and a

fine of $300.00. On September 30, 2022, Appellant filed a timely, counseled

post-sentence motion, which the trial court denied on October 5, 2022.4 On

November 7, 2022,5 Appellant filed an untimely notice of appeal; however, on

January 19, 2023, Appellant discontinued his appeal, and on January 20,

____________________________________________

4 We note the trial court’s order summarily denied Appellant’s post-sentence
motion without providing Appellant with notice of his appeal rights. See
Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(B)(4) (pertaining to the contents of an order denying a post-
sentence motion).

5The thirtieth day to file an appeal from the denial of post-sentence motions
was Friday, November 4, 2022. See Pa.R.A.P. 903(a).

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2023, Appellant filed a timely collateral petition under the PCRA6 seeking to

have his appeal rights reinstated nunc pro tunc. On January 23, 2023, the

court granted Appellant’s petition to reinstate his appeal rights nunc pro tunc,

and on January 26, 2023, Appellant filed the instant counseled notice of

appeal. All Pa.R.A.P. 1925 requirements have been met.

       On appeal, Appellant sets forth the following issue in his “Statement of

Questions Presented” (verbatim):

       1. Did the Commonwealth fail to establish that Mr. Slaughter
          acted with wrongful intent when he posted a comment without
          mentioning the complainant’s name, there were alternative
          credible circumstances for the posting, and the complainant
          discovered the statement days after their posting?

Appellant’s Brief at 6 (suggested answer omitted).

       Broadly, we start from the premise that contempt convictions are

reviewed for an abuse of discretion.           See Commonwealth v. Haigh, 874

A.2d 1174, 1177 (Pa.Super. 2005). In giving latitude to the trial court’s

discretion, our task is to ascertain whether the facts support that court’s

ultimate determination. Id. at 1176-77.

       As with any claim that contests whether there was sufficient evidence

to sustain a conviction, we employ a well-settled series of legal precepts:

             The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
       evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in
____________________________________________

6Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-46. We note the
petition was filed within one year of when Appellant’s judgment of sentence
became final. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1).

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     the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient
     evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the
     crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying [the above] test,
     we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for
     the fact-finder. In addition, we note that the facts and
     circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not
     preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
     defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the
     evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
     probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
     circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of
     proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by
     means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying
     the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all
     evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the trier
     of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the
     weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none
     of the evidence.

Commonwealth v. DiStefano, 782 A.2d 574, 582 (Pa.Super. 2001)

(citations and quotation marks omitted).

            A charge of indirect criminal contempt consists of a claim
     that a violation of an Order or Decree of court occurred outside
     the presence of the court. Commonwealth v. Padilla, 885 A.2d
     994 (Pa.Super. 2005). “Where a PFA order is involved, an indirect
     criminal contempt charge is designed to seek punishment for
     violation of the protective order.” Id. at 996. As with those
     accused of any crime, “one charged with indirect criminal
     contempt is to be provided the safeguards which statute and
     criminal procedures afford.” Id. at 996–97 (citation omitted). To
     establish indirect criminal contempt, the Commonwealth must
     prove: 1) the Order was sufficiently definite, clear, and specific to
     the contemnor as to leave no doubt of the conduct prohibited; 2)
     the contemnor had notice of the Order; 3) the act constituting the
     violation must have been volitional; and 4) the contemnor must
     have acted with wrongful intent. Commonwealth v. Ashton, 824
     A.2d 1198, 1202 (Pa.Super. 2003).

Commonwealth v. Brumbaugh, 932 A.2d 108, 110 (Pa.Super. 2007).

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      Here, the PFA order provided, in relevant part: “[Appellant] may not

post any remark(s) and/or images regarding [the victim], on any

social network(s), including, but not limited to, Facebook, Instagram,

Twitter, or any other electronic networks.” PFA Order, filed 3/23/22, at

3 (bold in original).

      Appellant does not dispute the trial court’s order was definite, clear, and

specific to him as to leave no doubt of the conduct prohibited.                  See

Brumbaugh, supra. He also does not dispute that he had notice of the order.

See id.    Furthermore, Appellant does not dispute that he knowingly and

voluntarily posted the comments on his Instagram page. Id.

      However,     Appellant   contends   there   is   insufficient   evidence   his

Instagram post was directed at or otherwise about the victim, who is protected

by the PFA order. Rather, he contends the evidence reveals his Instagram

post was about a situation involving his friend’s son, Kahlil, and Kahlil’s ex-

girlfriend, who are not protected by the PFA order. Accordingly, he avers there

is no evidence his actions violated the PFA order or that he acted with a

wrongful intent in posting the comments.

      In finding no merit to Appellant’s sufficiency claim, the trial court

indicated the following:

             The [trial] court found [the victim] and her testimony to be
      credible. Here testimony was corroborated by specific information
      contained in the social medial posts that related to events in [the
      victim’s] life. The [trial] court did not find [Appellant] credible and
      was not persuaded by his argument that he was referring to a
      third person in his social media posts. The personal nature of the

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      information in the social medial posts and the [trial] court’s
      assessment of the parties’ testimony led it to find [Appellant] in
      contempt of the PFA [order].
            In conclusion, this matter was determined by the credibility
      of the parties.    The [trial] court did not find [Appellant’s]
      explanation about his conduct to be credible.          [Appellant’s]
      conduct violated the provision of the PFA prohibiting posting about
      [the victim] on social media. For these reasons, the [trial] court
      found [Appellant] to be in indirect criminal contempt.

Trial Court Opinion, filed 1/5/23, at 2-3.

      In light of the trial court’s credibility determinations, which are within its

purview, and viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the

Commonwealth, as verdict winner, we agree with the trial court that the

evidence is sufficient to establish that Appellant’s Instagram post was about

the victim.

      For example, Appellant and the victim were previously paramours, and

they share a child. The victim testified that, as referenced in Appellant’s

Instagram post, during the end of their romantic relationship, the victim

accused Appellant of assaulting her, and Appellant served jail time for the

assault. N.T., 9/21/22, at 11-12. The victim further testified that, as

referenced in Appellant’s Instagram post, the victim was pregnant, and within

a week of Appellant posting the comments, he admitted to the victim that he

knew about her pregnancy. Id. at 13-14. Moreover, the victim testified that,

as referenced in Appellant’s Instagram post, she and Appellant had a

conversation via the court’s parenting app wherein Appellant made comments

reflecting his belief that the victim’s current boyfriend assaulted her. Id. at 7.

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This conversation occurred less than a week after Appellant posted the

comments on his Instagram page. Id. Accordingly, although Appellant

refrained from using the victim’s name, we agree with the trial court that the

circumstantial evidence led to the inescapable conclusion that Appellant’s

comments were referring to the victim. See DiStefano, supra (setting forth

standard of review for sufficiency claims).

      Under such circumstances and guided by the overarching purpose of the

PFA to prevent abuse, we find ample evidentiary support for the trial court’s

determination that Appellant possessed the wrongful intent to violate the PFA

order. Brumbaugh, supra. Appellant’s wrongful intent can be imputed by

virtue of the substantial certainty that his posting of the comments about the

victim would be in violation of the PFA order. See Brumbaugh, supra. See

also Haigh, supra (holding judges should use common sense and consider

context and surrounding factors in making determination as to whether

violation of a PFA order is truly intentional).      Thus, we reject Appellant’s

argument that no wrongful intent attended his Instagram comments, which

were posted following the entry of the PFA order against him. Consequently,

we find no merit to his sufficiency challenge.

      For all of the foregoing reasons, we affirm.

      Affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 07/13/2023

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