Court Opinion

ID: 9841196
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-09-21 16:08:20.323001+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:48:30.880373
License: Public Domain

J-S19042-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  LESA LEORA STAMBAUGH                         :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 1050 MDA 2022

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 17, 2022
                In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
            Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0005184-2020

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., McLAUGHLIN, J., and SULLIVAN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY SULLIVAN, J.:                    FILED: SEPTEMBER 21, 2023

       Lesa Leora Stambaugh (“Stambaugh”) appeals from the judgment of

sentence imposed following her conviction for one count of driving under the

influence (“DUI”)—general impairment, and one count DUI—highest rate of

alcohol.1 We affirm.

       The trial court summarized the relevant factual and procedural history

as follows:

              [I]n September . . . 2020, around 9:00 [p.m.], officers were
       dispatched to 3687 East Market Street in York, Pennsylvania for a
       report of a running car being parked sideways in the homeowner’s
       driveway with an unknown woman passed out in the back seat.
       [The officers noticed flip-flop shoes and vomit outside of the
       driver’s side door.] Officers were able to wake the woman and
       identify her as [Stambaugh]. Upon being awoken, [Stambaugh]
       was confused about her whereabouts. [However, she stated that
       she had driven the vehicle, and had fallen asleep.] Officers
       proceeded to have [her] perform various field sobriety tests,
____________________________________________

1 See 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(a)(1), (c).
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      which she attempted and did not complete. [Stambaugh] was
      subsequently arrested and taken for a [consensual] blood draw.
      The blood draw resulted in a BAC of 0.363. [Stambaugh] was
      then charged with [DUI] of alcohol or other controlled substance
      with the highest rate of alcohol and general impairment.

            [The matter proceeded to a bench trial which commenced
      in] January . . . 2022. . . . [A]fter the [Commonwealth rested its
      case-in-chief], the Commonwealth discovered that [Stambaugh]
      had [committed a subsequent] DUI in [Lancaster C]ounty and had
      [already] plead[ed] guilty to the [other DUI, and had been
      sentenced to that conviction as if it had been a first DUI offense].
      The Commonwealth wanted to amend the information to reflect
      the second offense. The court denied the request[ because
      jeopardy had already attached]. The bench trial was continued
      [to] April . . . 2022. [Stambaugh took the stand and admitted to
      drinking for several hours on the day in question.]            While
      [Stambaugh] testified that someone else had driven the car, the
      court did not find her to be credible. [The trial court found
      Stambaugh guilty of two counts of DUI, one for general
      impairment and the other for highest rate of alcohol. The court
      ordered a pre-sentence investigation (“PSI”) report, as well as a
      drug and alcohol evaluation. The drug and alcohol evaluation
      report did not recommend any form of treatment for Stambaugh.]
      A sentencing hearing was held on June 17, 2022. [The trial court
      imposed] an aggravated sentence of six (6) months restrictive
      probation with the first 30-60 days incarcerated at York County
      Prison. [Stambaugh] filed a post-sentence motion . . . which the
      court denied . . .. [Stambaugh] then filed a [timely] notice of
      appeal . . .. [Both Stambaugh and the trial court complied with
      Pa.R.A.P. 1925.]

Trial Court Opinion, 9/26/22, at 1-2 (footnotes and unnecessary capitalization

omitted).

      Stambaugh raises the following issue for our review: “Did the trial court

abuse its discretion by violating the sentencing code and norms by sentencing

. . . Stambaugh in the aggravated range based on an improper factor which

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led it to discount her rehabilitative potential and needs?” Stambaugh’s Brief

at 4.

   Stambaugh’s issue presents a challenge to the discretionary aspects of her

sentence. “Challenges to the discretionary aspects of sentencing do not entitle

an appellant to review as of right.” Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d

162, 170 (Pa. Super. 2010).        Rather, when an appellant challenges the

discretionary aspects of her sentence, we must consider her brief on this issue

as a petition for permission to appeal. See Commonwealth v. Yanoff, 690

A.2d 260, 267 (Pa. Super. 1997); see also Commonwealth v. Tuladziecki,

522 A.2d 17, 18 (Pa. 1987); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b). Prior to reaching the

merits of a discretionary sentencing issue, this Court conducts a four-part

analysis to determine:

        (1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see
        Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly
        preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify
        sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. [720]; (3) whether appellant’s brief
        has a fatal defect, [see] Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there
        is a substantial question that the sentence appealed from is not
        appropriate under the Sentencing Code, [see] 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] §
        9781(b).

Id. (citation omitted).

   In the instant case, Stambaugh filed a timely notice of appeal, preserved

her claims in a timely post-sentence motion, and included in her appellate

brief a separate Rule 2119(f) statement.         As such, she is in technical

compliance with the requirements to challenge the discretionary aspects of

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her sentence.   See Commonwealth v. Rhoades, 8 A.3d 912, 916 (Pa.

Super. 2010). Thus, we will proceed to review the Rule 2119(f) statement to

determine whether Stambaugh has presented a substantial question for our

review.

   In her Rule 2119(f) statement, Stambaugh argues that the trial court

violated the fundamental norms of sentencing and abused its discretion by

relying on improper factors when imposing sentence. Specifically, Stambaugh

contends that “the trial court improperly elected to reject the results of . . .

Stambaugh’s drug and alcohol assessment based on the allegation she lied to

the evaluator.” Stambaugh’s Brief at 12. Stambaugh further claims that “the

court may have improperly considered . . . Stambaugh’s conviction for DUI in

Lancaster County that occurred . . . after charges were filed in this case, and

which was a general impairment.” Id. at 13.

   An allegation that the trial court considered an impermissible sentencing

factor raises a substantial question. See Commonwealth v. Macias, 968

A.2d 773, 776 (Pa. Super. 2009); see also Commonwealth v. Matroni, 923

A.2d 444 (Pa. Super. 2007). Because Stambaugh asserts that the trial court

considered impermissible factors when imposing sentence, we conclude that

she raises a substantial question and will address the merits of her

discretionary sentencing claim.

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   Our standard of review for challenges to the discretionary aspects of

sentencing is well-settled:

             Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
      sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal
      absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse
      of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment. Rather,
      the appellant must establish, by reference to the record, that the
      sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its
      judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or
      arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.

Commonwealth v. Conte, 198 A.3d 1169, 1176 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation

omitted).

   Section 3804 of the Vehicle Code sets forth mandatory minimum sentences

for DUI offenders, and provides that the mandatory minimum penalty for a

first offense DUI—general impairment is six months of probation.       See 75

Pa.C.S.A. § 3804(a)(1)(i). The mandatory minimum penalty for a first offense

DUI—highest blood alcohol is seventy-two hours of incarceration.            Id.

§ 3804(c)(1)(i). The statutory maximum sentence for a first or second DUI

conviction is six months in prison. See 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3803(a)(1) (providing

a six-month statutory maximum penalty for a first or second DUI conviction).

      Stambaugh points out that, for a first DUI offense, the sentencing

guidelines recommend a standard range sentence of six months of probation

with the first three days on house arrest. Stambaugh asserts that the trial

court sentenced her to ten to twenty times the standard range sentence, as

she was sentenced to thirty to sixty days of incarceration. Stambaugh points

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to several comments made by the trial court during sentencing regarding the

fact that: she had a BAC of .363 in connection with the present DUI conviction;

she had two DUI convictions in the one-year period leading up to her

sentencing hearing; and despite these separate DUI convictions is not

receiving any drug or alcohol treatment and does not believe that any is

necessary. Stambaugh maintains that these comments demonstrate that the

trial court’s sentence was based upon an unsupported belief that her high BAC

level reflected a lack of honesty during her drug and alcohol evaluation.

Stambaugh argues that her drug and alcohol evaluation and PSI report were

prepared by competent professionals who are employed specifically to

evaluate people in her position. Stambaugh claims that her evaluators had

access to the police report that listed her high BAC, and there is no evidence

that they had any misgivings that would make them question her honesty.

Stambaugh asserts that, because there was no evidence that she lied during

her drug and alcohol evaluation or during her PSI interview, the trial court

lacked any basis to aggravate her sentence.

      Stambaugh additionally claims that, although the sentencing court

explicitly denied holding her prior Lancaster County DUI conviction against

her, the trial court stated that it would not give her “a volume discount” and

that she was “dishonest” when she did not report the Lancaster County DUI.

Stambaugh’s Brief at 24.       Stambaugh argues that it is a reasonable

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assumption that the trial court may have improperly considered the Lancaster

County DUI as a sentencing factor.      Stambaugh asserts that it was the

Commonwealth’s duty, as the party responsible for prosecuting the case, to

track the number of prior DUIs that she might have. Stambaugh explains

that, because the Commonwealth did not reveal her prior DUI until after it

rested its case-in-chief, the present DUI charges could not be prosecuted as

a second offense because any amendment of the criminal complaint to reflect

that it was a second offense would have been subject to double jeopardy.

Stambaugh contends that, because the trial proceeded as if the present DUI

charges were a first DUI offense, it would have been improper for the trial

court to aggravate her sentence as though her present conviction was a

second offense.

     The trial court considered Stambaugh’s issue and determined that it

lacked merit. The court reasoned:

           . . . [Stambaugh] argues that her sentence of 30 days
     incarceration at York County Prison is excessive, in that it is ten
     times the mandatory minimum [sentence] of 72 hours. . . .
     However, the sentence imposed on [Stambaugh] is a permissible
     sentence by statute. Further, the sentencing guidelines for a first
     offense DUI provide that a defendant may be sentenced up to six
     months incarceration. [See] 75 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 3803(b)(2).

           When the court determines that an aggravating
     circumstance is present, the court may impose an aggravated
     sentence that is up to three months longer than the upper limit of
     the standard range. Here, the court imposed a sentence well[-
     ]within the . . . sentencing guidelines as set by statute. When
     evaluating a claim of this type, it is necessary to remember that

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       the sentencing guidelines are advisory only.                 [See]
       Commonwealth v. Eby, 784 A.2d 204, 206 (Pa. Super. 2001).
       The statute, 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9721, requires a trial judge who
       intends to sentence a defendant outside the guidelines to
       demonstrate on the record their awareness of the sentencing
       guidelines. Id. Having done so, the sentencing court may deviate
       from the guidelines, if necessary, to fashion a sentence which
       considers the protection of the public, the rehabilitative needs of
       the defendant, and the gravity of the particular offense as it
       relates to the impact on the life of the victim and the community,
       so long as it is stated on the record the factual basis and specific
       reasons which compelled him to deviate from the guideline range.
       Id.

              Here, this court enumerated several reasons as to why it
       deviated from the mandatory minimum sentence. [Stambaugh]
       had a BAC of 0.363 roughly an hour and a half after she had been
       driving, three times the highest rate charged by statute. This, in
       and of itself, is an aggravating circumstance for driving under the
       influence. Further, the drug and alcohol evaluation completed by
       [Stambaugh] was returned without a recommendation for
       treatment. The court noted, on the record, that these evaluations
       are self-reported, and it is unlikely that anyone with a 0.363 BAC
       would not need treatment unless [Stambaugh] lied to the
       evaluator and/or was not forthcoming with regard to her
       substance use issues. The court noted that because this was an
       incredibly high BAC, it would be likely that [Stambaugh] would be
       a risk to herself and others if she did not receive treatment. . . .
       This court clearly considered the protection of the public as well
       as the rehabilitative needs of [Stambaugh] in determining the
       sentence in this case. For the reasons stated above, and on the
       record, this court would respectfully request that the sentence be
       affirmed.

Trial Court opinion, 9/26/22, at 3-5 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).2

____________________________________________

2 Notably, while the Commonwealth maintains that the trial court did not
abuse its discretion when imposing sentence, it would not object if this Court
were to vacate the judgment of sentence, as the Commonwealth would be
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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       We discern no manifest abuse of discretion by the trial court in imposing

Stambaugh’s sentence.         Although the court must consider the sentencing

guidelines when sentencing a defendant, see 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b), the

sentencing guidelines are not mandatory and are purely advisory in nature.

See Commonwealth v. Valez, 273 A.3d 6, 10 (Pa. Super. 2022). A court

may therefore use its discretion and sentence a defendant outside the

guidelines, as long as the sentence does not exceed the maximum sentence

allowed by statute. Id. Here, the statutory maximum sentence that the trial

court could have imposed for Stambaugh’s conviction was six months in

prison.    See 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3803(a)(1).        Thus, the trial court had the

discretion to sentence Stambaugh to any term of incarceration which did not

exceed six months of incarceration.

       Notably, the trial court did not identify the subsequent Lancaster County

DUI as an aggravating factor affecting its sentencing decision.3 However, the

____________________________________________

able to present evidence at Stambaugh’s resentencing hearing that, while this
appeal was pending, she committed a third DUI for which she is now serving
a seven-year sentence. See Commonwealth’s Brief at 11.
3 Even if the trial court had considered the subsequent Lancaster County DUI

when imposing sentence, it was entitled to do so, as a defendant’s prompt or
recent recidivism is an aggravating factor at the time of sentencing, because
it gives “rise to an inference of intransigence rather than mere relapse
following sincere attempts to reform.” Commonwealth v. Anderson, 830
A.2d 1013, 1016 n.3 (Pa. Super. 2003) (quoting Commonwealth v. Penrod,
578 A.2d 486, 491 (Pa. Super. 1990)); see also Commonwealth v. Eck,
654 A.2d 1104, 1106-07 (Pa. Super. 1995) (affirming judgment of sentence
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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trial court viewed Stambaugh’s BAC of .363 as a significant aggravating factor.

That the trial court elected to accord greater weight to this aggravating factor,

particularly since Stambaugh’s BAC was more than three times the legal limit,

was entirely within its discretion. See Commonwealth v. Chilquist, 548

A.2d 272, 274 (Pa. Super. 1988) (holding that the weight accorded to

aggravating factors presented to the sentencing court is within the trial courts

exclusive domain).

       While the trial court clearly disagreed with the drug and alcohol

evaluation report insofar as no treatment was recommended for Stambaugh,

which caused the court to question Stambaugh’s veracity during the

evaluation, the court did not order any drug or alcohol treatment as part of

Stambaugh’s sentence. See Sentencing Order, 6/17/22. Instead, the court

merely     recommended          that    Stambaugh   participate   in   in-patient

treatment/aftercare and outpatient counseling/treatment. See Regulations &

Conditions of Probation, 6/17/22, at unnumbered 2.

       In sum, we cannot say the trial court manifestly abused its discretion in

imposing sentence. As detailed above, the trial court considered a multitude

of factors before imposing its sentence, including the section 9721(b)

sentencing factors, the sentencing guidelines, the nature and circumstances

____________________________________________

where the trial court considered as an aggravating sentencing factor
information that defendant committed another crime while on probation).

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of the offense, the PSI, the drug and alcohol evaluation report, and the

mitigating and aggravating factors that had been presented to it.      As

Stambaugh has not established that the trial court arrived at a manifestly

unreasonable sentencing decision, her issue merits no relief.

     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 09/21/2023

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