Court Opinion

ID: 5548561
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-10 21:23:31.759513+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:34:59.675120
License: Public Domain

The Chancellor,
The most important question presented in this case arises upon the construction of the revised statutes in relation to the staying of proceedings upon appeals from the decisions of surrogates. Another question has been raised, by the counsel for the respondent, as to the jurisdiction of the surrogate to entertain the application to set aside the order of the 6th of November ; even if it was irregular. I have no doubt, however, as to his power to vacate the order if it was improperly entered. The provision of the revised statutes depriving the surrogate of the authority to exercise any incidental power, not expressly given by the statute, is repealed by the act of May 16th, 1837. (Laws of 1837, p. 536, § 71.) And if the order of the 5th of November was entered when the surrogate had no power to enter such an order, he not only had the right but it was his duty to set it aside for irregularity.
The 107th section of the article of the revised statutes relative to appeals, (2 R. S. 610,) requires appeals from surrogates, in cases not before specified, or otherwise limited by law, to be made within thirty days after the order, sentence, or decree appealed from is made. The next section requires a bond, with sureties, to be given to the ad*130verse party, by the appellant, in the penalty of at least $100 ; conditioned to prosecute the appeal to effect, and to pay all costs which shall be adjudged against the appellant by this court. And the 109th section declares that every such appeal, when perfected, except in the special cases provided for in the two next sections, shall suspend all proceedings on the order appealed from, until such appeal be determined, or until the court to which the appeal shall be made shall authorize proceedings thereon. The two next sections provide for those cases where immediate proceedings are necessary to protect the property, and for the commitment of persons for contempt, &c. And there is another exception contained in the 116th section ; which section declares that appeals from orders of surrogates, suspending or removing executors, administrators, or guardians shall not affect any such order until the same be reversed.
At the time these several provisions were adopted, the law under which this proceeding was instituted was not in force ; this being an application under the 16th section of the act of May 16th, 1837, concerning the proof of wills, executors and administrators, guardians and wards, and surrogates’ courts. (Laws of 1837, p. 529.) But a proceeding of the same nature, and substantially in the same form, was authorized by the revised statutes, to compel an executor to give security for the discharge of his trust. (2 R. S. 728 § 18 to 21.) The statutory provisions relative to appeals, so far as they would be applicable to a similar proceeding under the revised statutes to compel an executor to give security, must be equally applicable to a proceeding against a general or special administrator, under the act of May, 1837, to compel him to give further security. In neither case is the surrogate authorized to suspend the powers of the executor or administrator immediately. He is only authorized to make an order that the executor or administrator give security within such reasonable time as the surrogate shall direct, not exceeding five da_, s. And it is only upon a neglect or refusal to comply *131with such order that the surrogate is authorized to make the further order, to supersede the letters testamentary, or to revoke the letters of administration ; so as effectually to suspend the power of the executor or administrator by virtue of the 116th section, before referred to, pending an appeal. (3 R. S. 611.)
The bond for costs, required by the 108th section of the article relative to appeals is of course no protection against a waste of property pending the appeal in a case where the executor or administrator thinks proper to appeal from the preliminary order requiring him to give security, and before the final order founded upon his neglect to comply with such preliminary order is entered ; as was done here. Neither is the security required by that section any protection to the respondent from loss, pending the appeal from a decree or order for the payment of money by an executor or administrator, upon the final settlement of his account; nor in many other cases which might be mentioned. But the statute is imperative that the entering of the appeal and the giving of the bond for costs, in such cases, shall suspend all proceedings on the order appealed from. And the surrogate was not authorized to make the order of the 5 th of November, 1838, as his jurisdiction was suspended by the appeal. If the respondent, in a case like the present, has any remedy to prevent a waste of the property pending the appeal, where the appellant suspends the power of the surrogate to make the final order requiring him to give security, it must be by a special application to the appellate court, upon petition or affidavits, showing the necessity of its interference, by injunction or otherwise, to prevent the administrator from wasting the decedent’s property pending the appeal.
The decision of the surrogate must, therefore, be reversed, and the order of the 5th of November must be vacated. But it is not a case for charging the respondent with the costs of the appeal. The appellant having died since the argument, the order for reversal must be entered as of the time of such argument, nunc pro tunc.