Court Opinion

ID: 4549089
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-07-17 15:03:28.541304+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:56:37.676604
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                   FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any                          Jul 17 2020, 10:26 am
court except for the purpose of establishing
                                                                        CLERK
the defense of res judicata, collateral                             Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                       Court of Appeals
estoppel, or the law of the case.                                        and Tax Court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                  ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
James A. Hanson                                         Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Fort Wayne, Indiana                                     Attorney General of Indiana
                                                        Myriam Serrano
                                                        Deputy Attorney General
                                                        Indianapolis, Indiana

                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

James B. Jenkins, III,                                  July 17, 2020
Appellant-Defendant,                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                        19A-CR-2803
        v.                                              Appeal from the Allen Superior
                                                        Court
State of Indiana,                                       The Honorable David M. Zent,
Appellee-Plaintiff,                                     Judge
                                                        Trial Court Cause No.
                                                        02D05-1808-FA-9

Robb, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2803 | July 17, 2020               Page 1 of 9
                                Case Summary and Issue
[1]   Following a jury trial, James Jenkins was found guilty of two counts of child

      molesting, a Class A felony and Class C felony. Jenkins appeals his convictions,

      raising one issue for our review: whether the State presented sufficient evidence

      to support his convictions. Concluding the State produced sufficient evidence,

      we affirm.

                            Facts and Procedural History
[2]   The facts most favorable to the verdict are as follows. In February of 2004,

      twenty-two-year-old Jenkins moved in with Amber Schroeder, her daughter,

      H.S., who was between four and five years old, and her son, J.S., who was one

      or two. He moved in to help Schroeder with the children because their

      biological father, Jenkins’ cousin, had died in December of 2003. In early 2005,

      the family moved to a new apartment complex that, among other amenities,

      had a pool. Jenkins stayed at home with the children while Schroeder was at

      work. Jenkins and Schroeder had a “strictly platonic” relationship when

      Jenkins moved in, but they eventually started dating and had a child together in

      2006. Transcript, Volume 2 at 244.

[3]   On August 18, 2015, Jenkins was arrested on charges unrelated to the present

      case. Because of those charges, Schroeder asked H.S. and her siblings if Jenkins

      had ever done anything to them; H.S. denied that she had ever been touched

      inappropriately by Jenkins. See id. at 213. But in late 2017, H.S. told Schroeder

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2803 | July 17, 2020   Page 2 of 9
      and her grandfather that Jenkins had molested her. H.S. initially did not want

      her mother to report the molestation but after talking with counselors at the

      Women’s Bureau, she changed her mind and allowed her mother to call the

      police. In January of 2018, Schroeder called the Fort Wayne Police Department

      and reported that H.S. claimed that Jenkins had raped her. H.S. underwent a

      forensic interview. The details of the interview were not revealed other than the

      fact that H.S. said Jenkins raped her three or four times. See id. at 222. The State

      subsequently charged Jenkins with one count of child molesting as a Class A

      felony and one count of child molesting as a Class C felony for acts committed

      between May 1, 2005 and June 6, 2007.

[4]   At trial, H.S. identified Jenkins as the perpetrator of her abuse. H.S. recalled

      that Jenkins would take her and her siblings to their apartment complex’s

      swimming pool almost every day. He would have H.S. sit on his lap facing him

      in the pool and would move his penis around, touching H.S.’s vagina. See id. at

      206. Because H.S. was very young, she “didn’t really know what it was” but to

      anyone watching, it would just look like Jenkins “was holding his child.” Id. at

      207. H.S. recalled that this went on for a couple of years.

[5]   At least five times, Jenkins told the other children to stay downstairs and he

      took H.S. to her mother’s room, laid her down on the bed, “put the SpongeBob

      movie on,” “put a towel over [her] head,” and took off her underwear. Id. at

      207-09. H.S. described Jenkins putting a “liquidy” substance on her and feeling

      “a lot of pressure [that] hurt.” Id. at 208. Although Jenkins was usually on top

      of her, restricting her movements, on one occasion, H.S. was able to lift the

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2803 | July 17, 2020   Page 3 of 9
      towel from her face and saw Jenkins “putting his penis inside of [her].” Id. H.S.

      did not tell anyone what was happening because she was scared. Specifically,

      she did not tell her mother because she did not “want to be a burden on

      anybody. It’s very shameful for me, so, it didn’t mean a lot to ever say anything

      in the first place[.]” Id. at 213.

[6]   J.S., H.S.’s brother, who was also living in the apartment when Jenkins was

      there, testified that he noticed Jenkins sitting H.S. on his lap and hugging her

      “like all the time.” Id., Vol. 3 at 47. According to J.S., “wherever [H.S.] was[,

      Jenkins] was.” Id. at 48. Almost every time Jenkins took the children to the

      pool, he would take H.S. upstairs to change while leaving the other children

      downstairs. Id.

[7]   The jury found Jenkins guilty as charged. The trial court sentenced Jenkins to a

      total of fifty-eight years to be served in the Indiana Department of Correction.

      Jenkins now appeals his convictions.

                                Discussion and Decision
                                     I. Standard of Review
[8]   Jenkins challenges the sufficiency of the evidence at trial supporting his

      convictions. Our standard of review when reviewing claims of sufficiency of the

      evidence is well-settled: we neither reweigh the evidence nor judge the

      credibility of witnesses. Drane v. State, 867 N.E.2d 144, 146 (Ind. 2007). Instead,

      we consider only the probative evidence and reasonable inferences therefrom

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2803 | July 17, 2020   Page 4 of 9
       supporting the verdict and consider conflicting evidence most favorably to the

       verdict. Id. We will affirm the conviction unless no reasonable fact-finder could

       find the elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Boggs v. State,

       928 N.E.2d 855, 864 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans. denied. That is, the verdict will

       not be disturbed if there is sufficient evidence of probative value to support the

       conclusion of the trier of fact. Boyer v. State, 883 N.E.2d 158, 162 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2008).

                              II. Sufficiency of the Evidence
[9]    The crux of Jenkins’ argument is that H.S.’s testimony by itself is insufficient to

       support his convictions because it was “inconsistent and unreliable” and her age

       at the time of the events and the timing of her disclosures “undermines the

       credibility and probative value” of her testimony. Appellant’s Brief at 15, 18.

                              A. Class A Felony Child Molesting
[10]   To convict Jenkins of child molesting as a Class A felony, the State was

       required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Jenkins, being at least twenty-

       one years old, performed or submitted to sexual intercourse with H.S., who was

       under fourteen years old. See Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3(a)(1) (1998). A conviction

       for child molesting may stand on the uncorroborated testimony of a minor

       witness. Feyka v. State, 972 N.E.2d 387, 393 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied.

       And this is true even if there are inconsistencies in the victim’s own testimony.
Id.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2803 | July 17, 2020   Page 5 of 9
[11]   The State presented sufficient evidence to support Jenkins’ conviction for child

       molesting as a Class A felony. Jenkins does not dispute that he was older than

       twenty-one years of age or that H.S. was under fourteen years of age during the

       time of the incidents. At trial, H.S. testified in detail about the repeated

       molestations she endured between 2005 and 2007. She testified that on several

       occasions, Jenkins took her to her mother’s room after telling the other children

       to stay downstairs. Jenkins laid her down on the bed, put on her favorite movie,

       put a towel over her head, and took off her underwear. Although H.S. did not

       know exactly what was going on, she recalled feeling a “liquidy” substance and

       feeling “a lot of pressure [that] hurt.” Tr., Vol. 2 at 208. Once, H.S. was able to

       lift the towel and saw Jenkins “putting his penis inside of [her].” Id. Because a

       conviction of child molesting may stand on the uncorroborated testimony of a

       minor victim, H.S.’s testimony alone is sufficient evidence from which the jury

       could conclude that Jenkins was guilty of child molesting as a Class A felony.

                               B. Class C Felony Child Molesting
[12]   A conviction of child molesting as a Class C felony requires the State to prove

       beyond a reasonable doubt that Jenkins performed or submitted to any fondling

       or touching of H.S., who was under fourteen years old, with the intent of

       arousing or satisfying Jenkins’ or H.S.’s sexual desires. See Ind. Code § 35-42-4-

       3(b) (1998).

[13]   At trial, H.S. testified that when Jenkins watched the children while her mother

       was at work, he would frequently take them to the pool. While they were in the

       pool, Jenkins would sit H.S. on his lap facing him and would move his penis
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2803 | July 17, 2020   Page 6 of 9
       around touching her vagina. H.S. said she “didn’t really know” what was

       happening in the pool because she was “three (3) at the time.” Tr., Vol. 2 at

       207. Jenkins argues that H.S.’s testimony that she was three years old when the

       pool incidents occurred is a “significant discrepancy” because the other

       evidence showed it was impossible for the incidents to have occurred when

       H.S. was three. Appellant’s Br. at 15-16 (noting that when H.S. was three, the

       evidence showed her father was still alive, Jenkins had not yet come to live with

       the family, and they had not yet moved to the apartment with the pool). He

       argues the “inconsistency and impossibility” of H.S.’s testimony regarding her

       age makes her testimony as a whole “highly suspect.” Id. at 17. However, H.S.

       also testified that she was born in 2000 and was four or five when Jenkins came

       to stay with them, which is consistent with other testimony about when Jenkins

       came to help Schroeder with the children and when the family moved to the

       apartment with the pool. “Where contradictory or inconsistent testimony is

       presented at trial, it is up to the jury to resolve such conflicting testimony.”

       Young v. State, 143 N.E.3d 965, 972 (Ind. Ct. App. 2020), trans. denied. And in

       our review, we consider conflicting evidence most favorably to the verdict. See

       Boggs, 928 N.E.2d at 864.

[14]   Notwithstanding any inconsistences in H.S.’s testimony about her age, other

       evidence puts the events within the timeframe alleged, and H.S.’s testimony

       about what occurred in the pool was unequivocal, and this was sufficient

       evidence that Jenkins performed or submitted to fondling or touching of H.S.

       See Feyka, 972 N.E.2d at 393-94 (finding sufficient evidence to sustain child

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2803 | July 17, 2020   Page 7 of 9
       molesting convictions despite “the conflicting testimony and some

       inconsistencies in [the victim’s] own statements”). Further, under the

       circumstances, a fact-finder could reasonably infer that Jenkins fondled or

       touched H.S. in such a manner that he had the intent to arouse his desires or

       those of H.S. when he bounced her on his lap, touching her genitals with his

       penis. See Carter v. State, 31 N.E.3d 17, 30 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015) (noting the

       element of intent “may be established by circumstantial evidence and may be

       inferred from the actor’s conduct and the natural and usual consequence to

       which such conduct usually points”), trans. denied.

[15]   In sum, we reject Jenkins’ argument that H.S.’s testimony was unreliable and

       inconsistent and supports only a suspicion of guilt. See Appellant’s Br. at 14. The

       jury was in the best position to hear all of the evidence, weigh H.S.’s testimony,

       observe her demeanor, and ultimately, determine that H.S. was a credible

       witness. We will not second-guess the jury’s determination and to do so would

       require us to reweigh the evidence and reassess the credibility of the witnesses,

       which we cannot do. See Drane, 867 N.E.2d at 146. The evidence as a whole

       supports the fact-finder’s conclusion that the State proved beyond a reasonable

       doubt that Jenkins committed the crimes of child molesting.

                                              Conclusion
[16]   The State presented sufficient evidence to support Jenkins’ convictions of child

       molesting. We therefore affirm his convictions.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2803 | July 17, 2020   Page 8 of 9
[17]   Affirmed.

       May, J., and Vaidik, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2803 | July 17, 2020   Page 9 of 9