Court Opinion

ID: 4238140
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-01-22 19:25:46.594155+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:42:39.729363
License: Public Domain

J-S60014-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN RE: M.B.                                            IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                             PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: PENNSYLVANIA STATE
POLICE
                                                              No. 366 WDA 2017

                    Appeal from the Order January 30, 2017
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Clearfield County
                       Civil Division at No(s): 2016-20-MD

BEFORE: OLSON, J., DUBOW, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                                FILED JANUARY 22, 2018

       The Pennsylvania State Police (hereinafter “PSP”) appeals from the

trial court’s January 30, 2017 order, which granted M.B. relief from his

firearms    disability   and    expunged       the   record    of   M.B.’s   involuntary

commitment under 50 P.S. § 7302. Respectfully, we vacate and remand.1
____________________________________________

1
  PSP failed to attach its Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b)
statement of errors complained of on appeal to its brief. This omission
violates Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 2111(a)(11) and (d) and,
as a result of this failing, M.B. requests that we dismiss PSP’s appeal. M.B.’s
Brief at 1-2. We also note that, after M.B. filed his brief, PSP filed a “Motion
to Append Concise Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal”
(hereinafter “PSP’s Motion to Append Rule 1925(b) Statement”).               We
conclude that PSP’s failure to attach the Rule 1925(b) Statement to its brief
is a minor violation of our rules of appellate procedure and that the failure
does not prevent us from reviewing the merits of the issues raised on
appeal. See, e.g., Hayward v. Hayward, 868 A.2d 554, 557 n.2 (Pa.
Super. 2005) (holding that, “because [the appellant’s] violations of our rules
of appellate procedure are not substantial and do not prevent us from
reviewing the merits of the issues raised, we will address [the merits of
appellant’s] claims”). We thus decline to dismiss this appeal. Further, we
grant PSP’s Motion to Append Rule 1925(b) Statement.

*Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S60014-17

      On June 6, 2016, M.B. filed a “Petition to Vacate and Expunge

Involuntary Civil Commitment” in the Court of Common Pleas of Clearfield

County (hereinafter “M.B.’s Petition” or “the Petition”). Within the Petition,

M.B. averred that, in the fall of 2003, he became depressed due to “the loss

of contact with his former girlfriend, the mother of his newborn son, and his

best friend’s departure for military service.”   M.B.’s Petition, 6/6/16, at 2.

Because of his depression, on the night of September 23, 2003, M.B.

consumed alcohol and pills and, while he was heavily intoxicated, he cut his

arms with a knife. Id.; N.T. Hearing, 10/11/16, at 19-20.

      M.B. awoke that night “to people over top of [him] and . . . in an

ambulance.”   N.T. Hearing, 10/11/16, at 20.      The ambulance took him to

Millcreek Community Hospital, where he was admitted at 12:47 a.m. on

September 24, 2003.    M.B.’s Petition, 6/6/16, at 2; N.T. Hearing, 10/11/16,

at 20-21. Doctors at the hospital examined M.B. that morning and moved

him to the fourth floor of the hospital, which was the hospital’s mental

health facility. N.T. Hearing, 10/11/16, at 21-22.

      M.B.’s involuntary commitment was initiated by his mother, who

completed an Application for Involuntary Emergency Examination and

Treatment pursuant to Section 302 of the Mental Health Procedures Act

(hereinafter “Section 302 Certification”). M.B.’s Petition, 6/6/16, at 2; N.T.

Hearing, 10/11/16, at 22; see also 50 P.S. § 7302 (hereinafter “Section

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302”).2    In the application portion of the Section 302 Certification, M.B.’s

mother wrote:

          [M.B.] admitted to taking pills & alcohol. He left a suicide
          note for me with blood all over it. He doesn’t feel loved and
          has been depressed for approx. 1 yr. He has cut up his
          arms with a knife & they are bleeding. Suicide note said
          good bye to his best friend & family. He has been drinking
          on top of pills & is extremely agitated. Broke up with
          girlfriend & she had a baby approx. 6-9 months ago.
          Girlfriend doesn’t want anything to do with him.

Section 302 Certification, 9/24/03, at 3.

       The Section 302 Certification declares that the county administrator

issued a warrant authorizing M.B.’s emergency examination. As a result, at

12:50 a.m. on September 24, 2003, a physician examined M.B. and attested

that M.B. “is severely mentally disabled and in need of treatment.” Section

302 Certification, 9/24/03, at 5 and 7.          Specifically, the “Physician’s

Examination” portion of the Section 302 Certification declares that the

physician made the following observations and findings:

          Pt brought by EMS/PSP after becoming violent, cutting
          him-self & taking 3 Effexor. Pt states he is depressed and
          states he wants to kill himself. Pt also threatened to kill
          EMS and PSP Troopers.

____________________________________________

2
   Section 302 permits the involuntary emergency treatment of an individual,
where a physician determines “that the person is severely mentally disabled
and in need of emergency treatment.” 50 P.S. § 7302(b). Under Section
302, the patient must be discharged “within 120 hours, unless within such
period . . . a certification for extended involuntary emergency treatment is
filed pursuant to” 50 P.S. § 7303. 50 P.S. § 7302(d).

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                                      ...

        In my opinion:

            [] The patient is severely mentally disabled and in need
            of treatment.     He should be admitted to a facility
            designated by the County Administrator for a period of
            treatment not to exceed 120 hours.

                                      ...

        /s_______________________________
        SIGNATURE OF EXAMINING PHYSICIAN

Section 302 Certification, 9/24/03, at 7.

      The Section 302 Certification was then filed in the Erie County Court of

Common Pleas. See id. at 1.

      Within M.B.’s Petition, M.B. claimed that he “was held for observation

for three [] days following his involuntary commitment” and then discharged

from the hospital.      M.B.’s Petition, 6/6/16, at 2-3.       Afterwards, M.B.

participated in and completed outpatient therapy.       Id. at 3.   M.B. averred

that he “was prescribed [] medication at the hospital, which he took as

prescribed until he completed the prescription” and that he “has not been

prescribed medication [or] required treatment” since that time. Id.

      Notwithstanding the Section 302 Certification, M.B.’s Petition declared

that the hospital failed to comply with certain procedural mandates that are

necessary   to   involuntarily   commit   an   individual   under   Section   302.

Specifically, M.B. claimed that the hospital failed to advise him of his right to

counsel and failed to provide him with:        a Form MH-783-B Explanation of

Warrant; a Form MH-782 Bill of Rights; and, a Form MH-783-A Explanation

                                      -4-
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of Rights Under Involuntary Emergency Commitment.           M.B.’s Petition,

6/6/16, at 2; N.T. Hearing, 10/11/16, at 23-29.       As M.B. claimed, 55

Pa.Code § 5100.86 required the hospital to provide him with all of the above

before it could involuntarily commit him under Section 302. M.B.’s Petition,

6/6/16, at 2.

     M.B.’s Petition contained four counts.   Count One claimed that the

hospital failed to provide him with the procedural safeguards required by 55

Pa.Code § 5100.86. M.B. thus requested that the trial court “vacat[e] and

expung[e his] September 24, 2003 involuntary mental health commitment,

pursuant to 18 [Pa.C.S.A.] § 6111.1(g)(2) and Article 1, Section 1 of the

Pennsylvania Constitution.” Id. at 4-5.

     In Count Two, M.B. alleged that he “was never provided a hearing in

relation to the [Section] 302” commitment and, yet, the Section 302

commitment “putatively stripped [M.B. of his] fundamental right” to possess

a firearm.      Id. at 7.   M.B. claimed that, “by failing to provide any

opportunity for [him] to be heard . . . , the deprivation of [M.B.’s]

fundamental right to possess firearms for self-defense was arbitrary and

violated his right to due process.” Id. (emphasis omitted). As such, M.B.

claimed that the trial court must expunge his September 24, 2003

involuntary commitment, pursuant to the 14th Amendment to the United

States Constitution. Id. at 7-8.

     In his third count, M.B. claimed that his single involuntary commitment

was insufficient to strip him of his right to bear arms under the Second

                                    -5-
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Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article 1, Section 21 of

the Pennsylvania Constitution.         Id. at 8-9.   On this basis, M.B. requested

that the trial court expunge the record of his involuntary commitment.

       Finally, in Count Four, M.B. requested that the trial court grant him

state relief from his firearm disability, pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(f).

Id. at 10-11.

       PSP answered M.B.’s petition and denied that M.B. was entitled to

relief on any of his claims. See PSP’s Answer, 7/15/16, at 1-8.

       On October 11, 2016, the trial court held a hearing on the matter. At

the beginning of the hearing, PSP introduced into evidence an “Application

for Extended Involuntary Treatment Pursuant to Section 303 of the Mental

Health Procedures Act” (hereinafter “Section 303 Certification”).             N.T.

Hearing, 10/11/16, at 6-7; see also 50 P.S. § 7303 (hereinafter “Section

303”).3    According to PSP’s proffer, the Section 303 Certification: named
____________________________________________

3
   Section 303 is entitled “Extended involuntary emergency treatment
certified by a judge or mental health review officer--not to exceed twenty
days.” This section authorizes “extended involuntary emergency treatment”
for any person who is being treated under Section 302, whenever the facility
determines – and the judge or mental health review officer agrees – that
“the need for emergency treatment is likely to extend beyond 120 hours.”
See 50 P.S. § 7303(a) and (c). In such event, Section 303 permits
extended involuntary emergency treatment for a term not to exceed “20
days after the filing of the certification.” 50 P.S. § 7303(h).

As this Court has recognized, “commitment under § 7303 indicates a more
serious mental problem [than commitment under § 7302] . . . [and] imposes
major due process requirements.” In re Jacobs, 15 A.3d 509, 511 (Pa.
Super. 2011). The due process requirements imposed by Section 303
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                           -6-
J-S60014-17

M.B. as the patient; was filed on September 25, 2003, in the Erie County

Court of Common Pleas; and, declared that the mental health review officer

“finds that the patient [is] severely mentally disabled and is in need of”

inpatient treatment, at Millcreek, “pursuant to the provisions of section 303

of the Mental Health Procedures Act of 1976 for a period of 20 days.”

Section 303 Certification, 9/25/03, at 4.

      M.B. challenged the Section 303 Certification at the October 11, 2016

hearing. Initially, M.B. noted that, while his name was spelled correctly on

two of the four pages, his last name was spelled incorrectly on the other two

pages.4 N.T. Hearing, 10/11/16, at 8. As a result, M.B. argued, he was “not
                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

include: the court of common pleas must appoint an attorney to represent
the patient during the Section 303 proceedings, unless the patient “can
afford, and desires to have, private representation;” an “informal hearing”
must be conducted by a judge or a mental health review officer within 24
hours after the application for extended involuntary emergency treatment is
filed; during the informal hearing, “[t]he person or his representative shall
have the right to ask questions of the physician and of any other witnesses
and to present any relevant information;” to commit an individual under
Section 303, the judge or mental health review officer must certify “that the
person is severely mentally disabled and in need of continued involuntary
treatment;” and, if the informal hearing was conducted by a mental health
review officer, the patient must be given “the right to petition the court of
common pleas for review of the certification” – and a “hearing shall be held
within 72 hours after the petition is filed.” See 50 P.S. § 7303(a)-(h).
4
  The record in this matter is sealed. Therefore, we may not disclose M.B.’s
last name or the slightly different name that was used on two of the four
pages of the Section 303 Certification. However, we note that M.B.’s last
name contains six letters and that the divergent name alters the second and
third letters of his last name. In particular, the letters “O-W” are substituted
for “A-U.” See N.T. Hearing, 10/11/16, at 10-11 (the trial court examined
the Section 303 Certification and declared, on the record, that M.B.’s name
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                            -7-
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sure that [the Section 303 Certification was] in relation to” him. M.B. thus

objected to the Section 303 Certification on relevancy grounds.      See id.

Further, M.B. declared that the Section 303 Certification was issued within

24 hours of the original commitment. Id. at 8-9. M.B. argued that, “[s]ince

the [Section] 302 [commitment] is good for 120 hours, that seems a little

bit suspect, as well as the fact that he was released within 120 hours.” Id.

at 9. Therefore, M.B. also objected to the Section 303 Certification because

there was a question as to “whether it was executed lawfully.”            Id.

Notwithstanding M.B.’s objections, the trial court admitted PSP’s Section 303

Certification into evidence. Id. at 11.

      During the hearing, M.B. testified regarding: his depression in the fall

of 2003; his intoxication and self-injury on the night of September 23, 2003;

and, his involuntary commitment at Millcreek Community Hospital, which

began at 12:47 a.m. on September 24, 2003. See id. at 17-22. M.B. also

testified that, to his recollection, during his commitment:    he was never

informed of his right to an attorney; he was never provided an attorney; no

hearing ever occurred; and, he never saw the Form MH-783-B Explanation

of Warrant, the Form MH-782 Bill of Rights, or the Form MH-783-A

Explanation of Rights Under Involuntary Emergency Commitment.          Id. at

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

appears on two of the four pages and that a divergent name, with the letters
“O-W” substituted for “A-U,” appears on the other two pages).

                                            -8-
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22-27. Further, according to M.B., the first time he discovered “that a 302

petition had been executed in relation to [him]” was in 2012 or 2013, when

PSP denied his application to purchase a firearm. Id. at 22.

       M.B. testified that he was released from Millcreek Community Hospital

on September 29, 2003, or five days after his initial commitment. Id. at 29.

Since that time, M.B. testified, he has cultivated a successful career and

lives with his long-time girlfriend and her son. Id. at 30-32. M.B. testified

that, since his release, he: drinks alcohol socially and does not use illegal

drugs; has not had an irrational desire to harm himself or others; and, has

never been committed to a facility for mental health reasons.5 Id. at 32-33.

       Finally, M.B. testified that, on March 25, 2016, he was examined by

psychologist Dr. Michael M. Keil.         Dr. Keil later issued a report, where he

opined that M.B. may safely own and possess a firearm without threat to

himself or others. Id. at 33-36; see also Dr. Keil’s Psychological Evaluation

Report, 3/25/16, at 1-5 (admitted into evidence as M.B.’s Exhibit “B”).

       With the exception of the Section 303 Certification, PSP did not

introduce any witnesses, documents, or other evidence. The hearing then

concluded.
____________________________________________

5
  M.B. testified that, after his release from the hospital, he was arrested one
time (for driving under the influence (“DUI”)). M.B. testified that this DUI
charge was resolved via accelerated rehabilitative disposition and that the
charge was later dismissed and the record of his arrest expunged. N.T.
Hearing, 10/11/16, at 33.

                                           -9-
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       On January 4, 2017, the trial court entered its initial order in the

matter.    The order granted M.B. state relief from his firearm disability

pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(f), but did not expunge the record of M.B.’s

involuntary commitment. The order declares:

          AND NOW, this 4th day of January, 2017, upon consideration
          of Petitioner M.B.’s Petition to Vacate and Expunge the
          Involuntary Commitment, a hearing on the same, and the
          well-reasoned briefs of the parties on their respective
          positions, it is the ORDER of this Court that the subject
          Petition be and is hereby GRANTED pursuant only to
          Petitioner’s Count [Four], which seeks state relief under 18
          [Pa.C.S.A.] § 6105(f)(1).     Accordingly, M.B.’s right to
          possess firearms shall be and is hereby restored; however,
          M.B.’s involuntary commitment pursuant to either 50 P.S.
          § 7302 or § 7303 is not expunged.

Trial Court Opinion and Order, 1/4/17, at 4.

       On January 13, 2017, M.B. filed a motion for reconsideration and

claimed that the trial court erred when it refused to expunge the record of

his involuntary commitment. M.B.’s Motion for Reconsideration, 1/13/17, at

1-4.   That same day, the trial court entered an order expressly granting

reconsideration of its January 4, 2017 order. Trial Court Order, 1/13/17, at

1.

       On January 30, 2017, the trial court entered a final Opinion and Order

in the matter. The January 30, 2017 order reads:

          AND NOW, this 30th day of January, 2017, upon
          reconsideration of M.B.’s Petition to Vacate and Expunge the
          Involuntary Commitment, a hearing on the same, and the
          well-reasoned briefs of the parties on their respective
          positions, it is the ORDER of this Court that the subject
          Petition be and is hereby GRANTED pursuant to Petitioner’s

                                     - 10 -
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        Count [One], which seeks relief under 18 [Pa.C.S.A.]
        § 6111.1(g)(2). Accordingly, M.B.’s involuntary commitment
        pursuant to 50 P.S. § 7302 shall be expunged.

        The Court hereby reaffirms the provisions of the Opinion
        and Order dated January 4, 2017, with the exception of
        those portions relating to 18 [Pa.C.S.A.] § 6111.1.

Trial Court Opinion and Order, 1/30/17, at 6.

      As is evident from the above, the trial court did not order the record of

the Section 303 Certification expunged.      However, within the trial court’s

accompanying opinion, the trial court specifically declared that it “[did] not

believe M.B. was committed pursuant to” Section 303 and, also, that the

Section 303 Certification was “entirely invalid.”       Trial Court Opinion,

1/30/17, at 4-5. The trial court reasoned:

        While the [trial c]ourt agrees that lower courts generally
        may not review a [Section 303] commitment under 18
        Pa.C.S.A. § 6111.1, the [trial c]ourt believes that the
        alleged Section 303 commitment in this case was entirely
        invalid, and that M.B.’s commitment was done pursuant
        only to Section 302. . . .

        A number of disparities were revealed during the hearing in
        this matter regarding M.B.’s alleged Section 303
        commitment. Although [PSP] submitted a putative 303
        Petition, said Petition has several different names specified
        therein.    Moreover, [PSP] produced the putative 303
        Petition less than [24] hours before the October [11], 2016
        hearing after having acknowledged that [PSP] was told that
        no Section 303 Petition existed. Procedurally, M.B. testified
        that he never attended a hearing in regards to a Section
        303 commitment, nor did M.B. have an attorney appointed
        on his behalf. There was no record of the Section 303
        proceedings provided to M.B. or to this Court. The Section
        303 Petition submitted to the Court also fails to include any
        of the necessary Section 302 forms, as required by 50 P.S.
        § 7303(d)(3). Of further interest, M.B. was released within

                                    - 11 -
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         [120] hours from his commitment, which is the timeframe
         for an involuntary commitment pursuant to Section 302. . .
         . Finally, no evidence was presented in support of the fact
         that M.B.’s examining doctors were either psychiatrists or
         clinical psychologists, as required by 18 [Pa.C.S.A.]
         § 6111.1(k).

         Because the record is so devoid of facts necessary to
         support a valid 50 P.S. § 7303 commitment, which . . .
         demands more procedural safeguards than a Section 302
         commitment, the Court does not believe M.B. was
         committed pursuant to 50 P.S. § 7303. Instead, the Court
         believes M.B.’s involuntary commitment was pursuant to 50
         P.S. § 7302 only.

Trial Court Opinion and Order, 1/30/17, at 4-5 (some internal capitalization

omitted).

       PSP filed a timely notice of appeal. It now raises two claims to this

Court:

         [1.] Did the Court of Common Pleas of Clearfield County
         exceed its jurisdiction, commit an error of law and abuse its
         discretion in disregarding the record of M.B.’s commitment
         pursuant to 50 P.S. § 7303?

         [2.] Did the trial court commit an error of law by applying
         the incorrect standard of review?

PSP’s Brief at 4.6
____________________________________________

6
  The trial court ordered PSP to file and serve a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal, pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
Procedure 1925(b). PSP complied with the trial court’s order and, within its
Rule 1925(b) statement, PSP listed the two issues currently raised on
appeal. PSP’s Rule 1925(b) Statement, 3/29/17, at 1. Specifically, PSP’s
Rule 1925(b) statement declares:

         [1.] The [trial] court committed an error of law, and/or
         abused its discretion, in determining that, despite
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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      First, PSP claims that the trial court “exceed[ed] its jurisdiction,

commit[ed] an error of law and abuse[d] its discretion in disregarding the

record of M.B.’s commitment pursuant to” Section 303.          Id.   This claim is

composed of three subparts:           first, PSP argues that the Court of Common

Pleas of Clearfield County did not have jurisdiction to interpret the Section

303 Certification and hold that the Section 303 Certification did not pertain

to M.B.; second, PSP argues that, even if the trial court had the authority to

interpret the Section 303 Certification to determine whether the Section 303

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

         competent evidence to the contrary, [M.B.] had not been
         subject to an involuntary commitment pursuant to 50 P.S.
         § 7303, when the court was without jurisdiction to do so
         pursuant to statute and case law, and subsequently ordered
         expungement of [M.B.’s] involuntary commitment pursuant
         to 50 P.S. § 7302.     See: 50 P.S. § 7115 (venue and
         location of legal proceedings); see also: 18 [Pa.C.S.A.]
         § 6111.1(e) (challenge to records); [In re Jacobs,] 15
A.3d 509 (Pa. Super. 2011).

         [2.] The [trial] court committed an error of law, or abused
         its discretion in requiring [PSP] to prove by a clear and
         convincing standard of review contrary to the Pennsylvania
         Supreme Court’s holding in [In re Vencil,] 152 A.3d 235
         (Pa. 2017), that [M.B.’s] involuntary commitment pursuant
         to 50 P.S. § 7302 was sufficient as a matter of law.

PSP’s Rule 1925(b) Statement, 3/29/17, at 1 (some internal capitalization
omitted).

Further, the trial court issued a Rule 1925(a) opinion to this Court, where it
responded to PSP’s claims. We note that, within the trial court’s Rule
1925(a) opinion, the trial court declared that its factual findings were not an
abuse of discretion. Trial Court Opinion, 4/4/17, at 1.

                                           - 13 -
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Certification applied to M.B., the trial court’s conclusion that it did not

pertain to M.B. constituted an abuse of discretion; and, third, PSP claims

that, “since the Section 303 [Certification] in this case was pertaining to

M.B., the [trial c]ourt did not have jurisdiction to rule that ‘the alleged

Section 303 [Certification in] this case was entirely invalid’ for any reason.”

See PSP’s Brief at 8-12. We will consider the three sub-issues in the order

listed above.

      PSP initially claims that the trial court did not have the power to

interpret the Section 303 Certification to determine whether the Section 303

Certification applied to M.B. PSP argues:

        The Court of Common Pleas of Clearfield County was
        without jurisdiction to determine that the record presented
        by [PSP] evidencing M.B. had been subject to an extended
        involuntary commitment under 50 P.S. § 7303[] did not
        pertain to M.B. The record was provided to [PSP] by the
        Prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County,
        as pertaining to [M.B.] In holding that “the court does not
        believe M.B. was committed pursuant to 50 P.S. § 7303,”
        [the trial court] exceeded its jurisdiction because its ruling
        impermissibly intrudes on a matter solely within the
        jurisdiction of the Erie County Court of Common Pleas as to
        its own records and proceedings, and disregarded
        competent evidence it had no authority to review.

PSP’s Brief at 8.

      PSP has cited no legal precedent or law to support this argument,

other than citing to the broad legal proposition that “every court of record

has a ‘supervisory and protecting charge over its records, and has inherent

                                    - 14 -
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power to amend its records.’”         PSP’s Brief at 8, citing Commonwealth v.

Smith, 229 A.2d 18, 20 (Pa. Super. 1967).

       Simply stated, the trial court in this case had the power to interpret

the Section 303 Certification and conclude that the Section 303 Certification

did not pertain to M.B. Trial Court Opinion, 1/30/17, at 5. To be sure, PSP

introduced the Section 303 Certification into evidence at the hearing and the

trial court was the factfinder in this case. In presiding over the hearing, the

trial court naturally enjoyed the inherent power to resolve evidentiary

questions and issues of fact – including what evidence was relevant to the

parties and proceedings and what evidence it believed or disbelieved. See,

e.g., Fetzer v. Vishneski, 582 A.2d 23, 25 (Pa. Super. 1990) (“[w]hen

sitting without a jury, the trial court acts as the finder of fact, and the trial

court’s findings have the same force and effect as a jury verdict”). Thus, the

trial court had the power to determine that the Section 303 Certification did

not pertain to M.B., but, rather, that the certification concerned some other

individual. PSP’s argument to the contrary fails.

       Next, PSP claims, the trial court’s factual conclusion that the Section

303 Certification did not pertain to M.B. was against the weight of the

evidence.7     PSP’s Brief at 9-12; see also Trial Court Opinion and Order,
____________________________________________

7
  Within the trial court’s opinion, the trial court declared that it “[did] not
believe M.B. was committed pursuant to” Section 303 and that the Section
303 Certification was “entirely invalid.” Trial Court Opinion, 1/30/17, at 4-5.
Obviously, “[h]uman language is not a perfect vehicle for conveying thought,
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 15 -
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                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

and it frequently happens that words used have a broader or narrower
meaning than that intended by the person using them.” Kennington v.
Hemingway, 57 So. 809, 811 (Miss. 1912).                  Here, we find some
uncertainty in the trial court’s declaration that it “[did] not believe M.B. was
committed pursuant to” Section 303. Two possible interpretations emerge
from the trial court’s use of these words: 1) the Section 303 Certification
was a valid certification against some person, but the certification did not
concern M.B. and, instead, pertained to some other individual, or 2) the
Section 303 Certification concerned M.B., but the facility and the courts
failed to follow the proper procedure to commit M.B. “pursuant to” Section
303 – and that the Section 303 Certification was thus “entirely invalid.” In
other words, when the trial court declared that it “[did] not believe M.B. was
committed pursuant to” Section 303 and that the Section 303 Certification
was “entirely invalid,” was the trial court giving one reason or two?

We (like M.B. and PSP) believe that – when the trial court declared that it
“[did] not believe M.B. was committed pursuant to” Section 303 – the trial
court meant that the certification did not concern M.B. and, instead,
pertained to some other individual. See M.B.’s Brief at 7 (“the trial court
found that the putative 303 Petition . . . was not in relation to [M.B.]”);
PSP’s Brief at 8 (arguing that the trial court erred when it concluded that the
Section 303 Certification “did not pertain to M.B.”).

Our conclusion finds support in the fact that the trial court’s opinion
emphasizes that the Section 303 Certification “has several different names
specified therein.”      Trial Court Opinion and Order, 1/30/17, at 4-5.
However, and more importantly, we again note that the trial court only
ordered that the record of M.B.’s Section 302 commitment be expunged.
Trial Court Order, 1/30/17, at 1. To be sure, the trial court’s final order in
the matter expressly holds that the record of the Section 303 commitment is
not expunged. This is because the trial court’s initial order of January 4,
2017 declared that “M.B.’s involuntary commitment pursuant to either 50
P.S. § 7302 or § 7303 is not expunged;” the trial court’s final order of
January 30, 2017 then expunged only the Section 302 commitment – and
the final order further declared that, with the exception of the Section 302
expunction, the trial court “reaffirms the provisions of the Opinion and
Order dated January 4, 2017.” Trial Court Order, 1/4/17, at 1 (emphasis
added); Trial Court Order, 1/30/17, at 1 (emphasis added). Therefore, since
the trial court’s final order of January 30, 2017 “reaffirm[ed]” the portion of
its earlier, January 4, 2017 order that refused to expunge the record of the
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                           - 16 -
J-S60014-17

1/30/17, at 4-5. Although, (as we stated above) the trial court enjoys the

authority,    within    the    context    of     a   proceeding   under   18   Pa.C.S.A.

§ 6111.1(g)(2), to determine whether a Section 303 commitment pertains to

the petitioner, we agree with PSP in this case that the trial court’s factual

conclusion was against the weight of the evidence and an abuse of

discretion.

      Our examination of PSP’s claim is guided by the settled principles that

govern a weight of the evidence claim.                   As our Supreme Court has

explained:

         A motion for a new trial based on a claim that the verdict is
         against the weight of the evidence is addressed to the
         discretion of the trial court. A new trial should not be
         granted because of a mere conflict in the testimony or
                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

Section 303 commitment, the record of the Section 303 commitment is not
expunged.

As will be explained later in this memorandum, the trial court could not have
expunged the record of the Section 302 commitment if it believed M.B. had
been committed pursuant to Section 303. See In re Jacobs, 15 A.3d at
511 (the appellant was involuntarily committed under Sections 302 and 303
and requested that the trial court expunge the record of his involuntary
commitments; this Court held that the trial court did not have jurisdiction to
review the Section 303 commitment and that, with respect to his Section
302 commitment, the appellant’s claim was “moot because even if he is
entitled to expunction [of his Section 302 commitment], expunction cannot
go forward because appellant was also involuntarily committed under §
7303”). Hence, the trial court must have concluded that the Section 303
Certification did not pertain to M.B. – as this was the only way the trial court
could have expunged the record of M.B.’s Section 302 commitment without
expunging the Section 303 Certification.

                                           - 17 -
J-S60014-17

       because the judge on the same facts would have arrived at
       a different conclusion. Rather, the role of the trial judge is
       to determine that notwithstanding all the facts, certain facts
       are so clearly of greater weight that to ignore them or to
       give them equal weight with all the facts is to deny justice.
       It has often been stated that a new trial should be awarded
       when the [factfinder’s] verdict is so contrary to the evidence
       as to shock one's sense of justice and the award of a new
       trial is imperative so that right may be given another
       opportunity to prevail.

       An appellate court's standard of review when presented with
       a weight of the evidence claim is distinct from the standard
       of review applied by the trial court:

          Appellate review of a weight claim is a review of the
          exercise of discretion, not of the underlying question
          of whether the verdict is against the weight of the
          evidence. Because the trial judge has had the
          opportunity to hear and see the evidence presented,
          an appellate court will give the gravest consideration
          to the findings and reasons advanced by the trial
          judge when reviewing a trial court's determination
          that the verdict is against the weight of the
          evidence. One of the least assailable reasons for
          granting or denying a new trial is the lower court's
          conviction that the verdict was or was not against
          the weight of the evidence and that a new trial
          should be granted in the interest of justice.

       This does not mean that the exercise of discretion by the
       trial court in granting or denying a motion for a new trial
       based on a challenge to the weight of the evidence is
       unfettered. In describing the limits of a trial court's
       discretion, [the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has]
       explained:

          The term discretion imports the exercise of
          judgment, wisdom and skill so as to reach a
          dispassionate conclusion within the framework of the
          law, and is not exercised for the purpose of giving
          effect to the will of the judge. Discretion must be
          exercised on the foundation of reason, as opposed to
          prejudice, personal motivations, caprice or arbitrary

                                   - 18 -
J-S60014-17

              actions. Discretion is abused where the course
              pursued represents not merely an error of judgment,
              but where the judgment is manifestly unreasonable
              or where the law is not applied or where the record
              shows that the action is a result of partiality,
              prejudice, bias or ill-will.

Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1055 (Pa. 2013) (internal citations,

quotations, and emphasis omitted).8
____________________________________________

8
  On appeal, M.B. does not claim that PSP waived its weight of the evidence
claim. Nevertheless, we note that the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure
that govern petition practice regulate the procedure in this case. See 18
Pa.C.S.A. § 6111.1(g)(2) (“[a] person who is involuntarily committed
pursuant to section 302 of the Mental Health Procedures Act may petition
the court to review the sufficiency of the evidence upon which the
commitment was based”) (emphasis added); Pa.R.C.P. 206.1-206.7; see
also Clearfield County Local Rule 206.1(a)(2) (“‘petition’ means . . . any
proper matter for which no other specific procedure is authorized or in which
only a Petition is prescribed as the authorized procedure for bringing such
matter before the Court for disposition”). Therefore, PSP was not permitted
to file a post-trial motion in this case. See Pa.R.C.P. 227.1 note (“[a]
motion for post-trial relief may not be filed to matters governed exclusively
by the rules of petition practice”).

Since post-trial motions were prohibited, the first time PSP could have
claimed that the trial court’s factual findings were against the weight of the
evidence was in its Rule 1925(b) statement of errors complained of on
appeal. See Criswell v. King, 834 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. 2003) (a weight of
the evidence claim “is a claim which, by definition, ripens only after the
verdict”). Further, PSP, in fact, raised the weight claim in its Rule 1925(b)
statement and the trial court responded to PSP’s weight claim in its opinions.
PSP’s Rule 1925(b) Statement, 3/29/17, at 1; Trial Court Opinion, 4/4/17, at
1; Trial Court Opinion and Order, 1/30/17, at 4-5. Therefore, we conclude
that, since PSP raised the weight claim in its Rule 1925(b) statement and
since the trial court explained its reasoning in its various opinions, PSP
preserved its weight of the evidence claim on appeal. See In re Estate of
Smaling, 80 A.3d 485, 490-493 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc) (holding that,
given the optional nature of exceptions in Orphans’ Court proceedings, the
appellant did not waive her weight of the evidence claim when she failed to
file exceptions in the case – and, in fact, first raised the weight of the
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 19 -
J-S60014-17

      The Section 303 Certification consists of a form that includes

handwritten responses to typed, form questions and headings.          We have

underlined the portions of the form that are handwritten. Moreover, we note

that the form includes at least two different handwriting sources:          the

introduction, Part I, Part II, and the patient’s name on Part III are written in

(what the trial court found and what appears to be) one individual’s

handwriting; the remainder of Part III, as well as Part IV, are written in

(what the trial court found and what appears to be) a different handwriting

source or sources.          See N.T. Hearing, 10/11/16, at 10-11 (trial court

examined the Section 303 Certification and recognized, on the record, the

two different spellings of the patient’s name in the document, as well as the

different handwriting on the form). The Section 303 Certification reads as

follows:

               APPLICATION FOR EXTENDED INVOLUNTARY
                             TREATMENT

               MENTAL HEALTH PROCEDURES ACT OF 1976
                          (SECTION 303)
                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

evidence claim in her Rule 1925(b) statement; we explained: “by their
nature, [weight of the evidence claims] can only arise after the court issues
its final decision in a matter. . . . [B]y raising her weight claim in a
timely-filed Rule 1925(b) statement, [the appellant] successfully preserved
the issue for appellate review”); see also Commonwealth v. Widmer, 689
A.2d 211, 212-213 (Pa. 1997) (holding: at a time when post-sentence
motions were optional, the appellant preserved his weight of the evidence
claim when he raised the claim in his Rule 1925(b) statement and where the
trial court discussed the weight claim in its Rule 1925(a) opinion).

                                           - 20 -
J-S60014-17

       NAME OF PATIENT         AGE            SEX
       [M.B.]                  20             M

       NAME OF COUNTY PROGRAM                       NAME OF BSU
       ERIE MH/ONR                                  ERIE MLT/BSU

       NAME OF FACILITY              ADMISSION DATE
       Millcreek Behav Hlth          9/24/03

                                      ...

                               PART I
                     REQUEST FOR CERTIFICATION

       [M.B.] has acted in such manner as to cause a responsible
       party to believe that he/she is severely mentally disabled as
       specified in the attached 302 form. He/she was admitted to
       Millcreek Behav Hlth for involuntary emergency examination
       and treatment on 9/24/03 at 1250 AM under Section 302.
       He/she was examined by Dr. Ulus and was found to be in
       need of continued treatment.         I respectfully request,
       therefore, that he/she be certified by the court for extended
       involuntary emergency treatment under Section 303.

       /s________________________                       9/24/03
       (SIGNATURE OF PETITIONER)                        (DATE)

       CEO
       (TITLE OF PETITIONER)

                                PART II
                         THE PATIENT’S RIGHTS

           I affirm that I have informed the patient of the actions I
       am taking and have explained to the patient these
       procedures and his/her rights as described in Form MH
       784-A. I believe that he/she [X] understands . . . these
       rights.

       /s________________________________               9/24/03
       (SIGNATURE OF PERSON GIVING RIGHTS)              (DATE)

                                     - 21 -
J-S60014-17

       ________________________________________________

                               PART III
                       PHYSICIAN’S EXAMINATION

          I hereby affirm that I have examined [M.B.] on 9/24/03
       to determine if he[] continued to be severely mentally ill
       and in need of treatment.

                       RESULTS OF EXAMINATION
              FINDINGS: (Describe your findings in detail. . . .)

       The pt. has been admitted due to his admitting to suicidal
       plans, cutting himself for a while, depression and alcohol
       abuse, does not want to stay, he would be a danger for
       himself if released before mental stabilization. Expected to
       be returned on the unit. . . .

       In my opinion: (Check A. or B.)

       A. [X] The patient continues to be severely mentally
          disabled and in need of treatment.

                                     ...

       /s__________________________________                 9/24/03
       (SIGNATURE OF EXAMINING OR TREATING PHYSICIAN)       (DATE)

       ________________________________________________

                          PART IV
          CERTIFICATION BY THE COURT FOR EXTENDED
        INVOLUNTARY EMERGENCY TREATMENT – SECTION
                            303

       In the court of Common Pleas of Erie County. . . .

       In re: [M.B. (sic)] . . .

                    Certification for Extended Treatment

                                    - 22 -
J-S60014-17

           This 25 day of Sept, 19 2003 after hearing and
        consideration of (Details of findings. Include details as to
        what type and why treatment is needed. . . .)

        Ad: 9/24/03; suicidal; written note w/his blood - cutting
        himself; DX – mood disorder n.o.s.; depressed & angry
        mood; reclusive; morbid depression; reasonable risk of
        suicide if discharged.

            The court finds that the patient [X] is . . . severely
        mentally disabled and in need of treatment. Accordingly,
        the court orders that: . . .

            [M.B. (sic)] receive:      . . . [X] inpatient treatment

        which is the least restrictive treatment setting appropriate
        for the patient at Millcreek as a severely mentally disabled
        person pursuant to the provisions of section 303 of the
        Mental Health Procedures Act of 1976 for a period of 20
        days.

                                        ...

            I have explained to the patient that if his/her conference
        was before a Mental Health Review Officer he/she may
        petition the court for a review of any decisions reached at
        this conference.

                                        ...

        [] The patient was represented by _______Joe Burt______
                                                  (NAME OF ATTORNEY)

                                                __Public Defender___
                                                (ADDRESS OF ATTORNEY)

                                        ...

                                    for the court /s__[(illegible)]______

                                                 _____MHRO_________
                                                       (TITLE)

Section 303 Certification, 9/25/03, at 1-4.

                                       - 23 -
J-S60014-17

      The last page of the Section 303 Certification contains a time stamp,

which reads:

                           COMMON PLEAS COURT
                                ERIE, PA

                           2003 SEP 25        P 3:52

                             CLERK OF RECORDS
                              PROTHONOTARY

Id. at 4.

      As noted above, the trial court did not order the record of the Section

303 Certification expunged. However, within the trial court’s accompanying

opinion, the trial court declared that it “[did] not believe M.B. was committed

pursuant to” Section 303 and that the Section 303 Certification was “entirely

invalid.” Trial Court Opinion and Order, 1/30/17, at 4-5. Further, within the

trial court’s opinion, it explained that it arrived at its factual conclusions

because:    the Section 303 Certification “has several different names

specified therein;” PSP “produced the putative 303 Petition less than [24]

hours before the October [11], 2016 hearing after having acknowledged that

PSP was told that no Section 303 Petition existed;” and, “M.B. was released

within [120] hours from his commitment, which is the timeframe for an

involuntary commitment pursuant to Section 302.” Trial Court Opinion and

Order, 1/30/17, at 4-5. The trial court also noted several alleged procedural

irregularities with the Section 303 Certification. The trial court found:

                                     - 24 -
J-S60014-17

         M.B. testified that he never attended a hearing in regards to
         a Section 303 commitment, nor did M.B. have an attorney
         appointed on his behalf[; t]here was no record of the
         Section 303 proceedings provided to M.B. or to [the trial
         court; t]he Section 303 Petition submitted to the [trial
         c]ourt [] fails to include any of the necessary Section 302
         forms, as required by 50 P.S. § 7303(d)(3) . . . [; and,] no
         evidence was presented in support of the fact that M.B.’s
         examining doctors were either psychiatrists or clinical
         psychologists, as required by 18 [Pa.C.S.A.] § 6111.1(k).

Trial Court Opinion and Order, 1/30/17, at 4-5.

       To the extent the trial court concluded that the Section 303

Certification did not pertain to M.B., we conclude that this factual finding was

against the weight of the evidence and, thus, an abuse of discretion.

       In this case, the trial court concluded that the Section 303 Certification

did not pertain to M.B. because: the Section 303 Certification “has several

different names specified therein;” there were several alleged procedural

irregularities with the Section 303 Certification; and, “M.B. was released

within [120] hours from his commitment, which is the timeframe for an

involuntary commitment pursuant to Section 302.” See Trial Court Opinion

and Order, 1/30/17, at 4-5.9
____________________________________________

9
  The trial court also declared that PSP “produced the putative 303 Petition
less than [24] hours before the October [11], 2016 hearing after having
acknowledged that PSP was told that no Section 303 Petition existed.” Trial
Court Opinion and Order, 1/30/17, at 4-5.          However, this finding is
irrelevant to the question of whether M.B. was made subject to extended
emergency involuntary treatment under Section 303 and whether a Section
303 Certification was filed against M.B. Indeed, the fact that PSP produced
the Section 303 Certification “less than [24] hours before the October [11],
2016 hearing after having acknowledged that PSP was told that no Section
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 25 -
J-S60014-17

      In view of the judgment, wisdom, and skill required in the exercise of

judicial discretion, it was manifestly unreasonable for the trial court to

conclude that the weight of the evidence supported its factual finding that

the Section 303 Certification pertained to some other individual – and not

M.B. Certainly: on two of the four pages of the Section 303 Certification,

M.B. is identified as the patient; on the other two pages of the Section 303

Certification, a slightly different spelling appears where, in M.B.’s six-letter

last name, the second and third letters of his last name are altered from “A-

U” to “O-W;” the Section 303 Certification contains the proper date of

admission    (9/24/03),       time    of   admission   (12:50   a.m.),   and   facility

(Millcreek); the Section 303 Certification contains M.B.’s proper age at the

time of admission (20 years old); and, the symptoms and behavior that the

physician noted in the Section 303 Certification were the same symptoms

and behavior that were noted in the Section 302 Certification and that M.B.

admitted to during the October 11, 2016 hearing.            Specifically, during the

October 11, 2016 hearing, M.B. admitted that, at the time of his

commitment, he suffered from depression; further, the Section 302

Certification declares that M.B. was involuntarily committed because he took

pills and alcohol, cut himself, and left a bloody suicide note.            See N.T.
                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

303 Petition existed” is only relevant to the admissibility of the Section 303
Certification – and the trial court specifically admitted the Section 303
Certification into evidence at the hearing. N.T. Hearing, 10/11/16, at 11.

                                           - 26 -
J-S60014-17

Hearing, 10/11/16, at 18; Section 302 Certification, 9/24/03, at 3 and 7.

Similarly, the Section 303 Certification declares:

        The pt. has been admitted due to his admitting to suicidal
        plans, cutting himself for a while, depression and alcohol
        abuse, does not want to stay, he would be a danger for
        himself if released before mental stabilization. Expected to
        be returned on the unit. . . .
                                       ...

        Ad: 9/24/03; suicidal; written note w/his blood - cutting
        himself; DX – mood disorder n.o.s.; depressed & angry
        mood; reclusive; morbid depression; [(illegible)] risk of
        suicide if discharged.

Section 303 Certification, 9/25/03, at 2-3.

      Further, to the extent the trial court held that M.B. was denied certain

procedural requirements, such as a hearing and an attorney appointed on

his behalf – simply because M.B. testified that he could not recollect

whether, 13 years prior, he received a hearing and an appointed attorney –

we note that the Section 303 Certification specifically declares that M.B. was

given a hearing before a mental health review officer and that, during the

hearing, M.B. was represented by attorney Joe Burt. Id. at 2-4.

      Finally, the trial court noted that “M.B. was released within [120]

hours from his commitment, which is the timeframe for an involuntary

commitment pursuant to Section 302.”          Trial Court Opinion and Order,

1/30/17, at 4-5. However, this finding is of limited import to the question of

whether M.B. was made subject to extended emergency involuntary

treatment under Section 303 and whether a Section 303 Certification was

                                     - 27 -
J-S60014-17

filed against M.B.     Certainly, even though the Section 303 Certification

authorized extended involuntary emergency treatment for an additional 20

days, 50 P.S. § 7303(h) demands that a person be discharged “[w]henever

[he] is no longer severely mentally disabled or in need of immediate

treatment and, in any event, within 20 days after the filing of the

certification.”    50 P.S. § 7303(h).     Therefore, even if the Section 303

Certification permits extended involuntary emergency treatment for 20 days,

the facility is required to discharge the patient prior to that date if the facility

determines that “[he] is no longer severely mentally disabled or in need of

immediate treatment.” Id.

      Respectfully, when the trial court concluded that the Section 303

Certification did not pertain to M.B. – and when the trial court declared that

this particular factual finding was not against the weight of the evidence –

the trial court abused its discretion. Thus, we vacate this portion of the trial

court’s order and remand for a new hearing.

      PSP next argues that, “since the Section 303 [Certification] in this case

was pertaining to M.B., the [trial c]ourt did not have jurisdiction to rule that

‘the alleged Section 303 [Certification in] this case was entirely invalid’ for

any reason.” See PSP’s Brief at 8-12. Again, we note that the trial court did

not order the record of M.B.’s involuntary commitment under Section 303

expunged     and    M.B.   has   not   appealed   this   portion   of   the   order.

Nevertheless, to the extent the trial court rendered a legal conclusion and

declared, in an Opinion and Order, that the Section 303 Certification was

                                       - 28 -
J-S60014-17

“entirely invalid” and then used this reasoning to expunge M.B.’s involuntary

commitment under Section 302, we agree that the trial court erred.

       Expunction of involuntary commitment records is governed by 18

Pa.C.S.A. § 6111.1(g).10 In relevant part, this section declares:

         (2) A person who is involuntarily committed pursuant to
         section 302 of the Mental Health Procedures Act may
         petition the court to review the sufficiency of the evidence
         upon which the commitment was based. If the court
         determines that the evidence upon which the involuntary
         commitment was based was insufficient, the court shall
         order that the record of the commitment submitted to the
         Pennsylvania State Police be expunged. A petition filed
         under this subsection shall toll the 60-day period set forth
         under section 6105(a)(2).

         (3) The Pennsylvania State Police shall expunge all records
         of an involuntary commitment of an individual who is
         discharged from a mental health facility based upon the
         initial review by the physician occurring within two hours of
         arrival under section 302(b) of the Mental Health
         Procedures Act and the physician's determination that no
         severe mental disability existed pursuant to section 302(b)
         of the Mental Health Procedures Act. The physician shall
         provide signed confirmation of the determination of the lack
         of severe mental disability following the initial examination
         under section 302(b) of the Mental Health Procedures Act to
         the Pennsylvania State Police.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6111.1(g)(2) and (3).
____________________________________________

10
  In Leach v. Commonwealth, 141 A.3d 426 (Pa. 2016), the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court held that Act 192 of 2014 was unconstitutional because the
Act violated the single-subject rule of Article III, Section 3 of the
Pennsylvania Constitution. We note that Act 192 of 2014 partially amended
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6111.1; however, since the Act is unconstitutional, we have
not included the amendatory language in our quotation of Section 6111.1.

                                          - 29 -
J-S60014-17

     A review of Section 6111.1(g) reveals that the section only authorizes

the expunction of an involuntary commitment record where the involuntary

commitment was obtained pursuant to Section 302. Indeed, this Court has

expressly held:

        18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6111.1(g) provides no opportunity to obtain
        expunction of mental health records pursuant to a
        commitment under § 7303. . . . [A trial] court ha[s] no
        jurisdiction under 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6111.1(g) to review [a
        petitioner’s] commitment under § 7303.            [Section
        6111.1(g)] only imbues the lower court with jurisdiction to
        review commitments under § 7302.

In re Jacobs, 15 A.3d 509, 511 (Pa. Super. 2011); see also In re Keyes,

83 A.3d 1016, 1024 (Pa. Super. 2013) (“we are aware of no authority,

statutory or decisional, that provides for the expunction of a mental health

commitment record where the commitment was obtained pursuant to 50

P.S. § 7303”).

     In the case at bar, the Section 303 Certification declares that a hearing

occurred on September 25, 2003 and that, at the conclusion of the hearing,

the mental health review officer concluded that M.B. “is severely mentally

disabled and in need of” inpatient treatment, at Millcreek, “as a severely

mentally disabled person pursuant to the provisions of Section 303 of the

Mental Health Procedures Act of 1976 for a period of 20 days.” Section 303

Certification, 9/25/03, at 4. The Section 303 Certification was then entered

on the docket, in the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County, on September

25, 2003. See id.

                                   - 30 -
J-S60014-17

        If M.B. wished to obtain judicial review of his involuntary commitment

pursuant to Section 303, M.B. was required to “petition the court of common

pleas for review of the certification” – and to do so within 30 days of the

date the certification was filed. 50 P.S. § 7303(g);11 see In re K.L.S., 934
A.2d 1244, 1247-1248 (Pa. 2007) (“[i]n proceedings under the [Mental

Health Procedures Act], the case is [] heard by the [mental health review

officer], a law-trained, quasi-judicial officer who prepares a certification of

findings    as   to   the   reasons    that    extended   involuntary   treatment   is

necessary”) (internal quotations and footnote omitted); 42 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 5571(b) (“[e]xcept as otherwise provided . . . , an appeal from a tribunal

or other government unit to a court . . . must be commenced within 30 days

after the entry of the order from which the appeal is taken, in the case of an
____________________________________________

11
     50 P.S. § 7303(g) provides, in full:

           (g) Petition to Common Pleas Court.--In all cases in
           which the hearing was conducted by a mental health review
           officer, a person made subject to treatment pursuant to this
           section shall have the right to petition the court of common
           pleas for review of the certification. A hearing shall be held
           within 72 hours after the petition is filed unless a
           continuance is requested by the person's counsel. The
           hearing shall include a review of the certification and such
           evidence as the court may receive or require. If the court
           determines that further involuntary treatment is necessary
           and that the procedures prescribed by this act have been
           followed, it shall deny the petition. Otherwise, the person
           shall be discharged.

50 P.S. § 7303(g).

                                          - 31 -
J-S60014-17

interlocutory or final order”); Appeal of Chartiers Valley Sch. Dist., 462
A.2d 673 (Pa. 1983) (holding that “the [30] day period set forth in [42

Pa.C.S.A. § 5571(b)] defines the appeal period of all statutory appeals”).

       M.B. did not file a petition for review of his Section 303 involuntary

commitment.       Further, since a “[trial] court ha[s] no jurisdiction under 18

Pa.C.S.A. § 6111.1(g) to review [a petitioner’s] commitment under § 7303,”

the trial court in this case did not have the power to review M.B.’s

commitment under Section 303 and declare that the commitment was

“entirely invalid.” See Trial Court Opinion and Order, 1/30/17, at 4-5. The

trial court thus erred in doing so.12

____________________________________________

12
   Within M.B.’s brief to this Court, M.B. claims that, since the trial court
concluded that his Section 303 Certification was “entirely invalid,” he may
obtain the expunction of this record. See M.B.’s Brief at 12-15. In support
of this argument, M.B. cites to our Supreme Court’s opinion in Wolfe v.
Beal, where the Supreme Court held: “a person who has been unlawfully
committed to a state mental hospital has a right to the destruction of the
hospital records which were created as a result of the illegal commitment.”
Wolfe v. Beal, 384 A.2d 1187, 1189 (Pa. 1978). However, Wolfe was
decided under the Mental Health and Mental Retardation Act of 1966 – not
the Mental Health Procedures Act of 1976. Moreover, and importantly,
Wolfe merely described an appropriate remedy where an individual
succeeds in a procedurally proper challenge to an involuntary mental health
commitment; the decision did not create an independent action to challenge
an involuntary commitment and Wolfe did not purport to confer jurisdiction
upon a court to review a Section 303 Certification in the absence of (and,
indeed, in contravention of) statutory authority. See also In re Ryan, 784
A.2d 803 (Pa. Super. 2001) (holding that, where the petitioner followed
the procedural steps that were necessary to obtain judicial review of
his involuntary commitment under Section 303, both the trial court and
this Court were permitted to review the Section 303 Certification).

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        In its final claim on appeal, PSP argues that the trial court erred when

it expunged the record of M.B.’s involuntary commitment under Section 302,

as the trial court “appl[ied] the incorrect standard of review.” PSP’s Brief at

4. We agree. Thus, we vacate this portion of the trial court’s order.

        As   noted,   Section   6111.1(g)(2)    allows   an   individual   who   was

involuntarily committed under Section 302 to petition the trial court “to

review the sufficiency of the evidence upon which the commitment was

based.”      18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6111.1(g)(2).       Upon review, if the trial court

“determines that the evidence upon which the involuntary commitment was

based was insufficient, the court shall order that the record of the

commitment submitted to the Pennsylvania State Police be expunged.” Id.

        The trial court’s final order in this case was entered on January 30,

2017.     On January 19, 2017 – which was prior to the entry of the trial

court’s final order – the Pennsylvania Supreme Court decided In re Vencil,

152 A.3d 235 (Pa. 2017). The Supreme Court held:

          the plain language of section 6111.1(g)(2) requires a court
          of common pleas to review [] the sufficiency of the evidence
          to support the 302 commitment, limited to the information
          available to the physician at the time he or she made the
          decision to commit the individual, viewed in the light most
          favorable to the physician as the original decision-maker to
          determine whether his or her findings are supported by a
          preponderance of the evidence.

Id. at 237.

        We note that, prior to Vencil, this Court held that PSP was required to

prove the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the involuntary commitment

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by “clear and convincing evidence.”            See In re Vencil, 120 A.3d 1028,

1036-1038 (Pa. Super. 2015), vacated by In re Vencil, 152 A.3d 235 (Pa.

2017) (Superior Court explaining that Section 6111.1(g)(2) requires a de

novo hearing, where clear and convincing evidence must be presented to

support the commitment).           The Supreme Court’s decision in Vencil thus

lowered the required standard of proof to support Section 302 commitments

from the “clear and convincing evidence” standard to the “preponderance of

the evidence” standard.13

       In the case at bar, the trial court’s January 30, 2017 order expunged

the record of M.B.’s Section 302 commitment. In its accompanying opinion,

the trial court explained that PSP “bore the burden of establishing via clear

and convincing evidence that M.B.’s commitment was sufficient and

complied with the Mental Health Procedures Act.”          Trial Court Opinion and

Order, 1/30/17, at 2.         As explained above, this statement of the law is

incorrect and indicates that the trial court erroneously held PSP to a higher

standard of proof than the law mandates. We are thus required to vacate

the portion of the trial court’s order that expunged the record of M.B.’s

Section 302 commitment.14,        15

____________________________________________

13
  Since the Pennsylvania Supreme Court decided Vencil while the current
case was pending before the trial court, the trial court was required to apply
Vencil to the case at bar.
14
   If, on remand and under prevailing case law, the trial court determines
that M.B. was involuntarily committed under Section 303, the trial court may
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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      PSP’s Motion to Append Rule 1925(b) Statement granted.           Order

vacated in part.16 Case remanded. Jurisdiction relinquished.

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

not expunge the record of M.B.’s Section 302 commitment. See In re
Jacobs, 15 A.3d at 511 (the appellant was involuntarily committed under
Sections 302 and 303 and requested that the trial court expunge the record
of his involuntary commitments; this Court held that the trial court did not
have jurisdiction to review the Section 303 commitment and that, with
respect to his Section 302 commitment, the appellant’s claim was “moot
because even if he is entitled to expunction under § 7302, expunction
cannot go forward because appellant was also involuntarily committed under
§ 7303”).
15
    Within M.B.’s brief to this Court, M.B. claims that the records of his
involuntary commitments under Sections 302 and 303 must be expunged
because Section 302 is facially unconstitutional and Section 303 is
unconstitutional as applied to him. Specifically, M.B. contends that Section
302 facially violates the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution’s
due process clause, as it allows “an involuntary commitment . . . in the
absence of all tenants of due process.” M.B.’s Brief at 21. Likewise, M.B.
claims that “Section 303 is facially unconstitutional, as applied in this
matter, since [M.B.] was never provided a hearing or counsel and any
Section 303 commitment was not perfected in compliance with the [Mental
Health Procedures Act] or its implementing regulations.” Id. at 23. M.B.’s
first claim (that Section 302 is facially unconstitutional under the due
process clause) fails, as this Court has already held that Section 302 is
“constitutionally sound in light of the therapeutic/non-punitive intent and
short duration of the Section 302 procedures.” In re F.C., III, 966 A.2d
1131, 1136-1137 (Pa. Super. 2009), affirmed, 2 A.3d 1201 (Pa. 2010).
M.B.’s second claim (that Section 303 is unconstitutional as applied to him)
is waived, as M.B. was the petitioner in this case and he never raised the
claim in his original petition filed before the trial court. Pa.R.A.P. 302(a)
(“[i]ssues not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for
the first time on appeal”).
16
  We note that PSP does not claim that the trial court erred when it granted
M.B. state relief from his firearms disability, pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 6105(f). PSP’s Brief at 4; see also PSP’s Brief at 12 n.4.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/22/2018

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