Court Opinion

ID: 1045976
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 02:31:50.273802+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:46:38.058488
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT NASHVILLE
                                   July 25, 2012 Session

  CADLEROCK JOINT VENTURE II, L.P. v. SUSAN ELAINE DUNLAP,
 LADY BUG CORPORATION, TRUSTEE FOR BLF LAND TRUST, AND BLF
                      LAND TRUST

                 Appeal from the Chancery Court for Warren County
                      No. 11317    Larry B. Stanley, Jr., Judge

                No. M2011-02702-COA-R3-CV - Filed October 18, 2012

A judgment creditor sued the owners of two parcels of real property, who received the
property from the ex-wife of debtor, and the ex-wife, to enforce a judgment lien on property
previously owned by debtor; debtor’s ex-wife, who was awarded the property in a final
divorce decree entered subsequent to the recording of the judgment lien, claimed that her
interest in the property had priority over that of the judgment creditor. The trial court granted
summary judgment to creditor; ex-wife and grantees appeal. Finding no error, we affirm the
trial court.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed

R ICHARD H. D INKINS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which P ATRICIA J. C OTTRELL,
P. J., M. S., and F RANK G. C LEMENT, J R., J., joined.

Robert J. Notestine, III, Nashville, Tennessee, for the Appellant, Susan Elaine Dunlap, Lady
Bug Corporation, Trustee for BLF Land Trust, BLF Land Trust

Raymond G. Prince, Nashville, Tennessee, for the Appellee, CadleRock Joint Venture II,
L.P.

                                          OPINION

       This appeal arises from the grant of summary judgment in an action to enforce a
judgment lien on two parcels of real property located in Warren County. On June 8, 2005,
Fifth Third Bank obtained a judgment in Davidson County Chancery Court in the amount of
$337,589.80 against Laddie T. Hillis; on October 24 the bank assigned the judgment to
Cadleway Properties, Inc. On November 7, 2007, Cadleway Properties, Inc., assigned the
judgment to CadleRock Joint Venture II, L.P. (“CadleRock”). On June 15, 2010, certified
copies of the judgment and the assignments were recorded in the Register’s Office for
Warren County, Tennessee.

       On April 12, 2010, Mr. Hillis and his then wife Susan entered into a Marital
Dissolution Agreement (“MDA”) and filed it in their divorce action which was pending in
Davidson County Circuit Court. Pursuant to the terms of the MDA, Mr. Hillis’ right, title
and interest in both parcels of land in Warren County was to be divested out of him and
vested in Ms. Dunlap.1 The MDA was approved by the Court and incorporated into the Final
Decree of Divorce on August 23, 2010. The Final Decree of Divorce was recorded in the
Warren County Register’s Office on December 28, 2010; along with the decree, a quitclaim
deed conveying Ms. Dunlap’s interest in the Warren County land to “Lady Bug Corporation,
Trustee for BLF Land Trust” was filed.2

        On February 16, 2011, CadleRock filed suit in the Chancery Court of Warren County
to enforce its judgment lien on the land; named as defendants were Laddie Hillis, Susan
Dunlap, Lady Bug Corporation, Trustee for the BLF Land Trust, BLF Land Trust and
Highland Rim Energy, LLC.3 CadleRock requested that the court set aside the conveyances
of the land from Mr. Hillis to Ms. Dunlap and from Ms. Dunlap to Lady Bug Corporation,
Trustee for the BLF Land Trust. An answer was filed by Lady Bug Corporation, Trustee for
BLF Land Trust, on April 11, denying the allegations in the complaint and raising certain
affirmative defenses. On May 20, an answer was filed on behalf of Ms. Dunlap and the BLF
Land Trust, generally denying the allegations of the complaint and asserting affirmative
defenses; in addition, Ms. Dunlap included a crossclaim against Mr. Hillis, alleging breach
of the divorce decree and asserting that he should be liable for all damages, costs and liability
suffered by her.

        1
            Susan Hillis’ maiden name of Dunlap was restored in the divorce action.
        2
          It is not clear if the conveyance was to Lady Bug Corporation in the capacity as trustee for BLF
Land Trust or in its own behalf. The Quitclaim deed identifies “Lady Bug Corporation, Trustee for BLF
Land Trust” as the “grantee”, while also listing “The Lady Bug Corporation” and “The BLF Land Trust,
Trustee” as the “New Owner”. Both defendants are parties to this appeal and are represented by the same
counsel; no issue is presented in this case as a result of the lack of clarity.
        3
             The complaint stated that Highland Rim Energy was included in the suit “as a result of its interest
as lessee in an Oil and Gas Lease recorded December 10, 2009, on the subject property, to provide it with
notice concerning this dispute,” and that the sale of the property “will be subject to this lease to the extent
it is still in existence.”

                                                      -2-
       CadleRock moved for summary judgment and, after a hearing, the court granted the
motion. In so doing, the court held that the MDA was not legally binding on Ms. Dunlap and
Mr. Hillis until August 23, 2010 when it was approved by the court and that, even if the
transfer of the land from Mr. Hillis to Ms. Dunlap had been effective on the date of execution
of the MDA, the transfer would not have been effectual as against Cadlerock in accordance
with Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 66-26-101 and -103.

Discussion

       This appeal is from a grant of summary judgment. In summary judgment proceedings,
the moving party is entitled to summary judgment only if the “pleadings, depositions,
answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits . . . show that
there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law.” Martin v. Norfolk Southern Ry. Co., 271 S.W.3d 76, 83 (Tenn.
2008) (citing Tenn. R. Civ. Pro. Rule 56.04; accord Penley v. Honda Motor Co., 31 S.W.3d
181, 183 (Tenn. 2000)). We review the trial court’s ruling on a summary judgment motion
as a question of law; we review the record de novo with no presumption of correctness. See
Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d); Bain v. Wells, 936 S.W.2d 618, 622 (Tenn. 1997). We take the
strongest view of the evidence in favor of the nonmoving party, allowing all reasonable
inferences in its favor and discarding all countervailing evidence. See Shadrick v. Coker, 963
S.W.2d 726, 731 (Tenn. 1998) (citing Byrd v. Hall, 847 S.W.2d 208, 210-11 (Tenn. 1993)).

                                               I.

        Defendants assert that the trial court applied the incorrect standard for evaluating
plaintiff’s motion when it applied the standard set forth in Byrd v. Hall, 847 S.W.2d 208
(Tenn. 1993), rather than that in Hannan v. Alltel Publishing Co., 270 S.W.3d 1 (Tenn.
2008). They also contend that the court should have “possibly” looked to Tenn. Code Ann.
§ 20-16-101 in its consideration of the motion.

      Section 1 of Chapter 498 of the Public Acts of 2011 amended Title 20 of the
Tennessee Code Annotated by adding the following as a new Chapter 16:

       20-16-101. In motions for summary judgment in any civil action in Tennessee,
       the moving party who does not bear the burden of proof at trial shall prevail
       on its motion for summary judgment if it:
       (1) Submits affirmative evidence that negates an essential element of the
       nonmoving party’s claim; or
       (2) Demonstrates to the court that the nonmoving party’s evidence is
       insufficient to establish an essential element of the nonmoving party’s claim.

                                              -3-
Section 2 of Chapter 498 provided that, except as provided in Section 1, Tenn R. Civ. P. 56
“remains unchanged”; Chapter 3 set July 1, 2011 as the effective date of the act and that the
act “shall apply to actions filed on or after that date.” Since this action was filed prior to July
1, 2011, Tenn. Code Ann. § 20-16-101 is not applicable. Further, we need not address
Defendants’ contention that the trial court applied an incorrect standard since we review the
record de novo.

      The court in Hannan stated the following with respect to the availability of summary
judgments in Tennessee and the procedure to be used in considering such motions:

       Summary judgment is appropriate when the moving party can show that there
       is no genuine issue of material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a
       matter of law. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.04; Byrd v. Hall, 847 S.W.2d 208, 214
       (Tenn.1993). In Byrd, this Court set out the basic principles involved in
       determining whether a motion for summary judgment should be granted. The
       moving party has the ultimate burden of persuading the court that “there are
       no disputed, material facts creating a genuine issue for trial ... and that he is
       entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Byrd, 847 S.W.2d at 215. If the
       moving party makes a properly supported motion, the burden of production
       then shifts to the nonmoving party to show that a genuine issue of material fact
       exists. Id. To meet its burden of production and shift the burden to the
       nonmoving party, the moving party must either affirmatively negate an
       essential element of the nonmoving party's claim or establish an affirmative
       defense. Id. at 215 n. 5. If the moving party does not satisfy its initial burden
       of production, the court should dismiss the motion for summary judgment. See
       id. at 215. Summary judgment should be granted only when, with the facts
       viewed in favor of the nonmoving party, it is clear that no genuine issue of
       material fact exists. Id. at 210–11.

Hannan v. Alltel Publ'g Co., 270 S.W.3d 1, 5 (Tenn. 2008). Of particular import to
defendants’ contention is the following language in Hannan discussing the burden shifting
analysis:

       In summary, in Tennessee, a moving party who seeks to shift the burden of
       production to the nonmoving party who bears the burden of proof at trial must
       either: (1) affirmatively negate an essential element of the nonmoving party's
       claim; or (2) show that the nonmoving party cannot prove an essential element
       of the claim at trial.6

                                                -4-
Id. at 8-9.

The footnote attached to the quote states:

       These are the two burden-shifting methods available to the moving party when
       the moving party does not bear the burden of proof at trial. The burden-
       shifting analysis differs, however, if the party bearing the burden at trial is the
       moving party. For example, a plaintiff who files a motion for partial summary
       judgment on an element of his or her claim shifts the burden by alleging
       undisputed facts that show the existence of that element and entitle the
       plaintiff to summary judgment as a matter of law. Similarly, a defendant
       asserting an affirmative defense, such as laches, shifts the burden of
       production by alleging undisputed facts that show the existence of the
       affirmative defense.

Id. at 9 (emphasis added).

        In support of its motion for summary judgment CadleRock relied upon a statement of
undisputed material facts, the complaint and answers, responses to requests for admissions
from Ms. Dunlap, Lady Bug Corporation, and BLF Land Trust, the affidavit of an attorney
who had researched records in the Warren County Register’s Office, and the affidavit of
CadleRock’s counsel. Taken together, these materials showed that CadleRock’s lien was
filed on June 15, 2010, prior to Mr. Hillis’ transfer of the two parcels of land to Ms. Dunlap,
and that there was nothing of record in the Register’s Office as of November 18, 2010
indicating that Ms. Dunlap, Lady Bug Corporation, Trustee for BLF Land Trust, or BLF
Land Trust claimed any interest in the two parcels of land. By virtue of Tenn. Code Ann. §
25-5-101(b), CadleRock’s judgment became a lien on Mr. Hillis’ property on the date it was
recorded; pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 25-5-101(c) and 66-24-119, the lien was effective
against those who acquired an interest in the property later, including Ms. Dunlap. Thus,
CadleRock satisfied its burden of showing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact and
its entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, thereby shifting the burden to defendants to
show the existence of a material fact or to otherwise show that CadleRock was not entitled
to judgment as a matter of law.

       In response to the motion and supporting materials, defendants filed an affidavit of
Ms. Dunlap and responses to CadleRock’s statement of material facts. In her affidavit, Ms.
Dunlap acknowledged that title to the Warren County property vested in her by virtue of the
divorce decree entered August 23, 2010 and stated that “no evidence of claims was recorded
in the Warren County, Register of Deeds when [she] executed the Marital Dissolution

                                               -5-
Agreement in early April 2010.” The affidavit further attested that she had no knowledge
of Mr. Hillis’ business affairs or of the CadleRock claim. In response to CadleRock’s
statement of material facts, defendants disputed the following facts pertinent to the issues in
this appeal:4

        8. This August 23, 2010 decree divorcing Hillis and Dunlap incorporated a
        MDA stating that Hillis’ title and interest in the two tracts of property referred
        to in statement no. 2 above would be transferred to Dunlap “subject to the
        Court’s approval.” Hillis and Dunlap also agreed in the MDA to “execute all
        documents, titles, and other instruments necessary to give full force and effect
        to this agreement.” [Record references omitted]

        Response: Disputed. The Plaintiff’s alleged statement of undisputed material
        facts only adopts selected portions of the MDA and fails to acknowledge the
        vesting of title in Mrs. Dunlap by the Final Decree of the Eighth Circuit Court
        for Davidson County, Tennessee.

        9. Although Hillis and Dunlap executed the MDA referred to in statement no.
        8 above in April 2010, it was not approved by the court until the final divorce
        decree was signed on August 23, 2010. [Record references omitted]
        Response: Disputed. The Marital Dissolution Agreement executed in April,
        2010 clearly indicated that the wife (Mrs. Dunlap) was awarded “sole title and
        interest in and possession of the below described real property located in
        Warren County, Tennessee”. The decree further divested any interest of
        Laddie Z. Hillis in said properties and vested it in Mrs. Dunlap. This was
        incorporated into the Final Decree of the Eighth Circuit Court for Davidson
        County, Tennessee. . . .

       Viewing the evidence and materials in the light most favorable to defendants and
affording them all reasonable inferences, defendants have failed to demonstrate a genuine
issue of material fact as to CadleRock’s claim that its judgment lien was entitled to priority
over Mr. Hillis’ transfer of the property to Ms. Dunlap and her subsequent conveyance of the
property. The responses quoted above which purport to dispute CadleRock’s factual
assertions do not do so; rather, they are argumentative responses to the factual assertions.
Moreover, the response to number nine is erroneous inasmuch as the court decree, rather than
the marital dissolution agreement, divested Mr. Hillis of his interest in the property and

        4
           Defendants correctly point out in their response that the two final statements of material fact,
which they disputed, are not factual but, rather, are statements of what CadleRock contends in the complaint.
The fact that those statements are disputed is not pertinent to the issues in this appeal.

                                                    -6-
awarded same to Ms. Dunlap. The only fact in this record material to the issue of the priority
of CadleRock’s judgment lien over Mr. Hillis’ conveyance of the property to Ms. Hillis was
the date on which each became effective; defendants’ response failed to raise a genuine issue
of fact as to that issue.

       Mr. Hillis’ transfer of his interest in the property to Ms. Dunlap did not occur until
August 23, 2010, when the marital dissolution agreement was incorporated into and made
the order of the court; it would not have been effective against third parties until December
28, 2010, when the order was recorded in the Register’s Office. Pursuant to the statutes cited
previously, CadleRock’s judgment lien had priority over Mr. Hillis’ conveyance of the
property.

                                                    II.

        Defendants next contend that CadleRock’s judgment lien was not effective because
Mr. Hillis “never had a recorded interest in these properties and plaintiff’s lien was not
properly perfected.”5 Defendants assert that, in order for CadleRock’s lien to be effective,
there must have been “recorded evidence of title for the lien to attach to in June, 2010,” that
the first evidence of any interest of Mr. Hillis in the property was an affidavit of heirship
filed on December 28, 2010, and that “whatever interest Mr. Hillis had by operation of law
in the Warren County properties was divested from him on August 23, 2010.” Defendants’
argument boils down to their insistence that, because there was no instrument of record
identifying Mr. Hillis as the owner of the parcels of land prior to December 28, 2010,
CadleRock’s lien did not attach to the land at issue.

        In the order granting summary judgment, the court found that Mr. Hillis inherited the
tracts of land from his mother and brother, who both died intestate; this fact is not contested
by defendants. Where the property of the intestate decedent is held in fee, the law presumes
that the property descends to the decedent’s heirs in fee. See Wright v. Eakin, 270 S.W. 992,
994 (Tenn. 1925). Similarly, no issue is raised by defendants as to the fee ownership of the
land in Mr. Hillis’ mother and brother. Defendants cite no authority for the proposition that

       5
           Defendants’ Brief on Appeal states their contention thusly:

       “Given the facts of this case, the recording of the judgment and the two assignments failed
       to complete a proper attachment to become a perfected lien because no recorded instrument
       of conveyance of title in the name of defendant Hillis was recorded with the Warren County
       Register of Deeds when the judgment and assignments was recorded thereafter. Instead, the
       Final Decree of the Eighth Circuit Court for Davidson County, Tennessee was recorded
       which vested title in Dunlap.”

                                                    -7-
Mr. Hillis’ title to and ownership of the property he inherited had to be memorialized by a
recorded instrument in order for the judgment lien to attach, and we are aware of none.

       As noted previously, CadleRock’s judgment against Mr. Hillis became a lien on his
land when the judgment was recorded. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 25-5-101(b)(2). Here, the
judgment lien attached on June 15, 2010 while he was still the owner of the Warren County
land. This argument is without merit.

                                                      III.

       As their final issue, defendants contend that the order being appealed is not a final
judgment terminating the action because Ms. Dunlap’s cross-claim for damages against Mr.
Hillis was not adjudicated.

       The Notice Of Appeal specifies that defendants appealed the November 14, 2011
judgment. In that order, the court approved CadleRock’s voluntary dismissal of its claims
against the defendants which were not resolved in the October 25 order granting summary
judgment and directed entry of a final judgment with respect to CadleRock’s claims in
accordance with Tenn. R. Civ. P. 54.02.6 The November 14 order was final for purposes of
our review of the issues presented in this appeal.

Conclusion

        For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

                                                    ___________________________________
                                                    RICHARD H. DINKINS, JUDGE

        6

          When more than one claim for relief is present in an action, whether as a claim,
        counterclaim, cross-claim, or third party claim, or when multiple parties are involved, the
        Court, . . . may direct the entry of a final judgment as to one or more but fewer than all of
        the claims or parties only upon express determination that there is no just reason for delay
        and upon an express direction for the entry of judgment. In the absence of an express
        determination and direction, any order or other form of decision, however designated, that
        adjudicates fewer than all the claims or the rights and liabilities . . . shall not terminate the
        action as to any of the claims or parties.”

Tenn. R. Civ. Pro. Rule 54.02.

                                                      -8-