Court Opinion

ID: 6114699
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-02 07:13:50.389709+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:14:14.293832
License: Public Domain

Reversed and Remanded and Opinion Filed January 26, 2022

                                      In the
                            Court of Appeals
                     Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                              No. 05-20-00943-CV

                        HANIF MERCHANT, Appellant
                                  V.
                        SSB TRADING, INC., Appellee

               On Appeal from the 193rd Judicial District Court
                            Dallas County, Texas
                    Trial Court Cause No. DC-20-06063

                       MEMORANDUM OPINION
                  Before Justices Reichek, Nowell, and Carlyle
                           Opinion by Justice Carlyle

      Appellant Hanif Merchant asserts the trial court abused its discretion by

overruling his motion for new trial following a no-answer default judgment against

him. We reverse and remand in this memorandum opinion. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.

                                  Background

      Appellee SSB Trading, Inc. (SSB) filed this lawsuit against Mr. Merchant in

April 2020, claiming breach of two loan agreements. Though SSB properly served

Mr. Merchant with the citation and petition, Mr. Merchant did not file an answer or
otherwise appear. The trial court signed a July 28, 2020 no-answer default judgment

awarding SSB $250,000 plus interest and attorney’s fees.

       On August 26, 2020, Mr. Merchant filed a motion asking the trial court to

vacate the default judgment and grant him a new trial. He asserted (1) his failure to

appear was due to accident or mistake and was not the result of conscious

indifference; (2) he has a meritorious defense to SSB’s claims in that “the ‘Loan

Agreements’ attached to Plaintiff’s Petition do not contain the terms upon which

Plaintiff loaned money to Defendant and, moreover, Defendant made payments on

the loans which have not been credited by Plaintiff”; and (3) no injury will result to

SSB if a new trial is granted because he “is ready, willing and able to go to trial when

set by the court and is willing to reimburse Plaintiff for the costs involved in

obtaining the default judgment.”

       The attachments to Mr. Merchant’s motion for new trial included a

declaration1 in which he stated (1) “the facts contained herein are within my personal

knowledge and are true and correct”; (2) after receiving the petition, he placed it on

a table where it became covered by other papers and mail and he then “forgot about

it”; and (3) because Covid-19 changed his normal work duties and schedule during

that time, he was “working approximately 13 hours per day, 7 days per week

   1
      See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 132.001(a) (generally “an unsworn declaration may be used in
lieu of a written sworn declaration, verification, certification, oath, or affidavit”).
                                               –2–
traveling back and forth from Texas to Oklahoma making deliveries” while also

helping his wife, who was “working similar hours,” care for their daughter at home.

      He also stated in the declaration (1) SSB made two loans to him: a February

2019 loan for $200,000 and a June 2019 loan for $50,000; (2) the written loan

agreements attached to SSB’s petition were signed on June 14, 2019; (3) no written

loan agreement existed in February 2019 and, to the best of his recollection, the

second loan also was made before the agreements were signed; (4) from March 2019

until December 2019, he made monthly payments of $15,000 to SSB on the

$200,000 loan and thus has made a total of $150,000 in payments to SSB on that

loan; (5) from August 2019 until December 2019, he made payments to SSB “in the

approximate amount of $1,800 to $2,500 per month” on the $50,000 loan and thus

has made a total of approximately $10,000 in payments to SSB on that loan; and

(6) additionally, he gave SSB “four luxury watches (two gold Rolex watches and

two gold Movado watches)” that he believes are collectively worth approximately

$40,000 “to hold as collateral for the loans” and SSB has not returned any of those

watches.

      The following day, Mr. Merchant requested a hearing on his motion for new

trial. The trial court set a telephonic hearing for September 17, 2020.

      On September 14, 2020, Mr. Merchant filed a “proposed Agreed Order

Granting Defendant’s Motion for New Trial and Vacating Default Judgment,” with

a letter stating it was being filed for the trial court’s “consideration.” The proposed

                                         –3–
order bore electronic signatures of each party’s counsel, stated that SSB “has agreed

to the relief sought” in Mr. Merchant’s above-described motion, and contained a

blank signature line for the trial judge’s signature. The trial court did not sign that

order or any other regarding the motion for new trial.

        Mr. Merchant filed an October 26, 2020 notice of appeal in which he stated

his motion for new trial “was overruled by operation of law on October 11, 2020.”2

                          Standard of review and applicable law

        A trial court’s denial of a motion for new trial will not be disturbed on appeal

absent a showing of abuse of discretion. E.g., Strackbein v. Prewitt, 671 S.W.2d 37,

38 (Tex. 1984). To be entitled to a new trial, a party must satisfy the three elements

of the Craddock test: (1) the failure of the defendant to answer before judgment was

not intentional or the result of conscious indifference on his part, but was due to a

mistake or an accident; (2) the motion for new trial sets up a meritorious defense;

and (3) the motion is filed at a time when the granting thereof will occasion no delay

or otherwise work an injury to the plaintiff. Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc.,

133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (Tex. 1939). When a defaulting party meets that burden, the

trial court abuses its discretion if it fails to grant a new trial. See Old Republic Ins.

Co. v. Scott, 873 S.W.2d 381, 382 (Tex. 1994); see also Holt Atherton Indus., Inc. v.

    2
     The appellate record contains no reporter’s record of the September 17, 2020 telephonic hearing. In a
November 19, 2020 letter to this Court, appellant’s counsel stated the trial court’s court reporter has
confirmed no record was made of that hearing.
                                                  –4–
Heine, 835 S.W.2d 80, 86 (Tex. 1992) (“[A]n adjudication on the merits is preferred

in Texas.”).

      A defendant satisfies its burden under the first Craddock element when its

factual assertions, if true, negate intentional or consciously indifferent conduct by

the defendant and the factual assertions are not controverted by the plaintiff.

Milestone Operating, Inc. v. ExxonMobil Corp., 388 S.W.3d 307, 310 (Tex. 2012).

In determining whether there is intentional disregard or conscious indifference, the

trial court examines the knowledge and acts of the parties who failed to appear. Perry

v. Benbrooke Ridge Partners L.P., No. 05-16-01486-CV, 2018 WL 2138957, at *2

(Tex. App.—Dallas May 7, 2018, no pet.) (mem. op.). “A failure to appear is not

intentional or due to conscious indifference merely because it was deliberate; rather

it must also be without justification.” Id. Proof of justification such as accident,

mistake or other reasonable explanation will negate intent or conscious indifference.

Id.

      The second Craddock element, “setting up a meritorious defense,” is

determined based on the facts alleged in the movant’s motion and supporting

affidavits, regardless of whether those facts are controverted. Dir., State Emp.

Workers’ Comp. Div. v. Evans, 889 S.W.2d 266, 270 (Tex. 1994). A meritorious

defense is one that, if proved, would cause a different result upon retrial of the case,

though it need not be a totally opposite result. Perry, 2018 WL 2138957, at *4. The

motion must have alleged facts that would in law constitute a defense to the cause

                                          –5–
of action asserted by the plaintiff and must be supported by affidavits or other

evidence proving prima facie that the defendant has such meritorious defense. Id.

Once these requirements are satisfied, allegations of a meritorious defense, if

sufficiently specific, must be accepted as true despite the presence of disputed facts.

Id.

      The purpose of the third Craddock element is to protect the plaintiff against

undue delay or injury, such as the loss of witnesses or other valuable evidence that

would disadvantage the plaintiff in presenting the merits of the case at the new trial.

Id. at *5. Once a defendant has alleged that granting a new trial will not injure the

plaintiff, the burden of going forward with proof of injury shifts to the plaintiff. Id.

                                       Analysis

      In a single issue on appeal, Mr. Merchant contends the trial court erred by not

granting his motion for new trial and by allowing the motion to be overruled by

operation of law. He asserts:

      Plaintiff did not oppose Defendant’s Motion for New Trial and, in fact,
      submitted an Agreed Order Granting New Trial and Vacating Default
      Judgment. Given its lack of opposition, Plaintiff did not file any
      affidavits controverting the proof set forth in Defendant’s Motion for
      New Trial and did not request an evidentiary hearing. Thus, the trial
      court was bound to accept as true the statements in Defendant’s
      declaration, and Defendant established all three Craddock factors.

      SSB concedes on appeal that the third Craddock element—no delay or injury

to the plaintiff—was satisfied, but contends Mr. Merchant did not meet his burden

regarding the first and second Craddock elements.

                                          –6–
      As to the first Craddock element, SSB argues the record does not show Mr.

Merchant’s factual assertions were uncontroverted. According to SSB, because the

September 14, 2020 proposed agreed order was filed more than thirty days after the

default judgment was signed, it constituted “an untimely amended motion for new

trial equivalent” that could not be considered by the trial court and is precluded from

consideration on appeal by this Court’s opinion in Portfolio Recovery Associates,

LLC v. Talplacido, No. 05-10-01244-CV, 2012 WL 204541 (Tex. App.—Dallas Jan.

18, 2012, no pet.) (mem. op.). SSB asserts that absent the proposed agreed order,

there is no “mention of any consent to a new trial by SSB.” SSB argues, “Since the

Proposed Agreed Order cannot be considered under Portfolio Recovery, the next

question becomes: ‘Was there evidence before the Trial Court at the MNT Hearing

to establish that SSB agreed to the relief sought in Defendant’s Motion?’” SSB

contends Mr. Merchant “has failed to provide a reporter’s record of the MNT

Hearing to establish what was the evidence at the MNT Hearing” and thus “has

waived any issue about consent to a new trial at the MNT Hearing.”

      In Portfolio Recovery, a defendant against whom a default judgment had been

entered filed a timely motion for new trial asserting it had not been served with the

petition. Id. at *1; see TEX. R. CIV. P. 329b(a)–(b) (requiring motion for new trial to

be filed within thirty days after judgment is signed and providing, “One or more

amended motions for new trial may be filed without leave of court before any

preceding motion for new trial filed by the movant is overruled and within thirty

                                         –7–
days after the judgment . . . is signed.”). After the trial court denied that motion for

new trial, the defendant filed a “motion for rehearing and reconsideration” sixty-five

days after the default judgment was signed, arguing for the first time that it had

satisfied the Craddock factors. 2012 WL 204541, at *1. The motion for rehearing

and reconsideration was denied and the defendant appealed, arguing the trial court

erred by failing to grant a new trial because it had satisfied the Craddock factors. Id.

at *2. This Court concluded the defendant’s motion for rehearing and reconsideration

was the equivalent of an untimely-filed amended motion for new trial. Id. Thus, this

Court held the trial court did not abuse its discretion by failing to grant the defendant

a new trial on grounds first raised in that untimely amended motion. Id. (citing TEX.

R. CIV. P. 329b(b)).

      Here, unlike the motion for rehearing and reconsideration in Portfolio

Recovery, the September 14, 2020 proposed agreed order did not in any way amend

Mr. Merchant’s motion for new trial. See BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY, 98 (10th ed.

2014) (defining “amend” as “[t]o change the wording of” or “formally alter . . . by

striking out, inserting, or substituting words”). Instead, it stated SSB “agreed to the

relief sought.” Nothing in Portfolio Recovery purports to address agreed orders or

settlement agreements regarding motions for new trial. Thus, we disagree with

SSB’s position that Portfolio Recovery precludes our consideration of the September

14, 2020 proposed agreed order.

                                          –8–
      The record before us, which includes the proposed agreed order, demonstrates

Mr. Merchant’s motion for new trial was uncontroverted. Thus, as to the first

Craddock element, Mr. Merchant satisfied his burden if his factual assertions, taken

as true, negated intentional or consciously indifferent conduct by him. See Milestone

Operating, 388 S.W.3d at 310; see also Strackbein, 671 S.W.2d at 38–39 (“Where

factual allegations in a [new trial] movant’s affidavits are not controverted, a

conscious indifference question must be determined in the same manner as a claim

of meritorious defense.”).

      Under this standard, the circumstances Mr. Merchant describes—leaving the

citation in a stack of other papers and forgetting about it because he was unusually

busy—meet Craddock’s requirements. See Sutherland v. Spencer, 376 S.W.3d 752,

755 (Tex. 2012) (“Here, [Defendant] offered an excuse that was not controverted

and, if true, negated intentional or consciously indifferent conduct on its part.

Specifically, [Defendant] alleged, among other reasons, that the citation was left in

a stack of papers on a desk and forgotten about because of limited time spent at the

office due to weather conditions over a nearly three-week period during the

Christmas holiday season . . . we conclude that this excuse is sufficient to show that

the failure to answer was not the result of intentional or consciously indifferent

conduct.”). To the extent SSB contends the lack of a reporter’s record of the

September 17, 2020 hearing is determinative here, we disagree. See Strackbein, 671

S.W.2d at 38–39 (affirming court of appeals’ reversal of trial court’s denial of motion

                                         –9–
for new trial after default judgment though no record was made of motion for new

trial hearing, where factual allegations in movant’s motion were not controverted

and movant’s motion and affidavits set forth facts which, if true, would negate

intentional or consciously indifferent conduct).

      As to the second Craddock element, SSB argues (1) “[u]nder the Court’s

precedent, the Declaration did not ‘set up’ a meritorious defense of payment as to

either obligation under the accepted definition of a ‘payment’”; (2) Mr. Merchant

“failed to make a prima facie showing of ‘payment’”; and (3) the declaration did not

“address acceptance of any payment by SSB.” According to SSB, the statements in

the declaration lack specificity and “significant factual detail.”

      The “precedent” SSB cites, Continental Carbon Co. v. Sea-Land Service, Inc.,

27 S.W.3d 184 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2000, pet. denied), involved (1) allegations made

only in an unsworn motion for new trial, rather than in an affidavit or declaration,

and (2) a meritorious defense analysis focused on pleading requirements for a suit

on a sworn account, which are not applicable here. Thus, we do not find that case

instructive.

      Additionally, SSB cites authority regarding requirements for proving various

elements of payment and valuation at trial. But “[i]n order to satisfy Craddock’s

meritorious defense prong, the defaulting party need only assert, but need not prove,

facts, which, if they were true, would produce a different result on retrial of the case.”

Gotcher v. Barnett, 757 S.W.2d 398, 403 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1988, no

                                          –10–
writ). As described above, the motion must allege facts that would in law constitute

a defense to the cause of action asserted by the plaintiff and must be supported by

affidavits or other evidence proving prima facie that the defendant has such

meritorious defense. Perry, 2018 WL 2138957, at *4.

      Here, Mr. Merchant’s declaration stated “the facts contained herein are within

my personal knowledge and are true and correct.” Then, he described (1) the

amounts of alleged loan payments made by him to SSB; (2) when those loan

payments were made; and (3) specific collateral he provided to SSB. These

allegations match the level of specificity and detail determined adequate to satisfy

Craddock’s second element in other cases. See, e.g., L’Arte De La Mode, Inc. v.

Neiman Marcus Grp., 395 S.W.3d 291, 296–97 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.)

(concluding merchandise seller’s affidavit testimony that it never received funds

buyer Neiman Marcus mistakenly sent to third party factor Wells Fargo and

“[t]herefore, if anyone holds [buyer’s] mistakenly paid funds and has been

benefit[t]ing from the retention of those funds, it is [Wells Fargo] and [Wells Fargo]

should return those funds” satisfied second Craddock element because it set up

defense that seller did not receive, hold, or benefit from the funds buyer claimed,

which if true, could cause a different result on retrial); Ferguson & Co. v. Roll, 776

S.W.2d 692, 699 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1989, no writ) (concluding new trial movant’s

denials in affidavits put amount of damages at issue and thus set up meritorious

defense); Gotcher, 757 S.W.2d at 403–04 (concluding denials in affidavit were

                                        –11–
enough to set up meritorious defense “[b]ecause any of the foregoing allegations, if

true, would result in a diminution of [plaintiff’s] damages on retrial of the case”);

One Hundred Seventy-One Thousand One Hundred and 00/100 ($171,100.00) in

U.S. Currency v. The State of Texas, No. 04-18-00123-CV, 2019 WL 3229188, at *4

(Tex. App.—San Antonio Apr. 17, 2019, no pet.) (mem. op.) (concluding that though

new trial movant’s affidavit “may not be proof in the accepted sense,” it set up a

meritorious defense to forfeiture proceeding, where movant alleged she was an

innocent owner of currency because it “was lawfully gained through legitimate auto

sales,” and her assertion was supported with her affidavit swearing the statements

were within her personal knowledge and were true). Also, as described above, the

record shows SSB “agreed to the relief sought” in Mr. Merchant’s motion to vacate

the default judgment and grant a new trial. Cf. Litton Indus. Prods., Inc. v. Gammage,

668 S.W.2d 319, 321–22 (Tex. 1984) (party cannot take inconsistent positions in

motion for judgment in trial court and on appeal).

      On this record, we conclude the trial court abused its discretion by allowing

Mr. Merchant’s motion for new trial to be overruled by operation of law. We reverse

the trial court’s judgment and remand this case to the trial court for further

proceedings.

                                        –12–
                /Cory L. Carlyle//
200943f.p05     CORY L. CARLYLE
                JUSTICE

              –13–
                            Court of Appeals
                     Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                   JUDGMENT

HANIF MERCHANT, Appellant                      On Appeal from the 193rd Judicial
                                               District Court, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-20-00943-CV           V.                Trial Court Cause No. DC-20-06063.
                                               Opinion delivered by Justice Carlyle.
SSB TRADING, INC., Appellee                    Justices Reichek and Nowell
                                               participating.

       In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial
court is REVERSED and this cause is REMANDED to the trial court for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.

       It is ORDERED that appellant HANIF MERCHANT recover his costs of
this appeal from appellee SSB TRADING, INC.

Judgment entered this 26th day of January, 2022.

                                        –14–