Court Opinion

ID: 4575867
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-10-13 09:12:26.988197+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:32:21.797276
License: Public Domain

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

                                       NO. 03-19-00597-CV

                            Crystal Elizabeth De La Torre, Appellant

                                                  v.

                               Armando De La Torre, Jr., Appellee

           FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 3 OF WILLIAMSON COUNTY
           NO. 18-3333-FC3, THE HONORABLE DOUG ARNOLD, JUDGE PRESIDING

                               DISSENTING OPINION

                In the underlying divorce proceedings, Armando added a claim against Crystal

under section 261.107 of the Texas Family Code, Crystal moved to dismiss that claim and

requested attorney’s fees and sanctions under the TCPA, Armando nonsuited the section 261.107

claim, Crystal’s TCPA motion was denied, and Crystal now appeals from that denial.1 A TCPA

movant is entitled to attorney’s fees and sanctions “if the court orders dismissal of a legal action

under this chapter.” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 27.009(a). And a request for attorney’s fees

and sanctions survives a nonsuit. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 162; Hawxhurst v. Austin’s Boat Tours,

550 S.W.3d 220, 231 n.4 (Tex. App.—Austin 2018, no pet.). Thus, the primary issue on appeal

is whether Crystal would have been entitled to dismissal of Armando’s section 261.107 claim

“under this chapter”—the TCPA—had Armando not nonsuited the claim. If so, Crystal may be

       1   Because the parties share the same last name, I refer to them by their first names.
entitled to attorney’s fees and sanctions under the TCPA, and this Court should reverse the denial

and remand for further proceedings. If not, this Court should affirm the denial.

                The Court concludes that Crystal was entitled to dismissal of Armando’s section

261.107 claim under the TCPA, holding that the TCPA applies, that Armando lacked standing to

bring that claim because section 261.107 does not create a private cause of action and its

enforcement is the responsibility of the county prosecuting attorney, and that “because Armando

cannot establish standing, he cannot satisfy his burden [under the TCPA] to make out a prima

facie case for each element of his claim.” I agree with the Court that Armando lacked standing

to bring his section 261.107 claim. See Tex. Fam. Code § 261.107(c), (e). Thus, the trial court

lacked subject matter jurisdiction over Armando’s claim. See DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Inman,

252 S.W.3d 299, 304 (Tex. 2008) (“A court has no jurisdiction over a claim made by a plaintiff

without standing to assert it.”).

                That should end this Court’s inquiry. See Finance Comm’n of Tex. v. Norwood,

418 S.W.3d 566, 578 (Tex. 2013) (“Without jurisdiction the court cannot proceed at all in any

cause; it may not assume jurisdiction for the purpose of deciding the merits of the case.” (quoting

Sinochem Int’l Co. v. Malaysia Int’l Shipping Corp., 549 U.S. 422, 431 (2007))). If the trial

court did not have subject matter jurisdiction over the section 261.107 claim, the claim should

have been dismissed for want of jurisdiction, not “under this chapter” (the TCPA), had it not

been nonsuited. See American Motorists Ins. v. Fodge, 63 S.W.3d 801, 805 (Tex. 2001) (“If a

claim is not within a court’s jurisdiction, and the impediment to jurisdiction cannot be removed,

then it must be dismissed.”). Because Crystal would have been entitled to a dismissal of

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Armando’s section 261.107 claim for lack of jurisdiction, not “under this chapter” (the TCPA),

I respectfully dissent and instead would affirm the denial of her TCPA motion.2

               To dismiss a claim “under this chapter,” the TCPA requires that the court consider

whether “the party bringing the legal action establishes by clear and specific evidence a prima

facie case for each essential element of the claim in question.” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code

§ 27.005(c). If so, “[t]he court may not dismiss a legal action under this section.” Id. The

Court, however, expressly declines to evaluate the required inquiry, stating that “we need not

consider the presence or absence of the statutory elements of the claim in question because

Armando’s claim lacks an equally fundamental component of a prima facie case: standing.” But

nowhere does the TCPA authorize dismissal “under this chapter” for lack of what the Court calls

an “equally fundamental component of a prima facie case.” See id. §§ 27.001–.011. Nor is

standing an “essential element of the claim,” as the Court recognizes by instead describing it as

“an equally fundamental component.” “Standing is a threshold requirement to maintaining a

lawsuit,” Farmers Tex. Cnty. Mut. Ins. v. Beasley, 598 S.W.3d 237, 240 (Tex. 2020), not a

constituent part of a claim, see, e.g., Element, Black’s Law Dictionary (11th ed. 2019) (“A

constituent part of a claim that must be proved for the claim to succeed.”).

               The TCPA requires a “threshold testing of potential merit,” Cavin v. Abbott,

545 S.W.3d 47, 55 (Tex. App.—Austin 2017, no pet.), as to whether the claimant’s evidence

established “a prima facie case for each essential element of the claim,” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.

       2  I would affirm rather than vacate the denial of the TCPA motion because the only
determination necessary to deny the TCPA motion as it relates to Crystal’s request for attorney’s
fees and sanctions is a jurisdictional determination that Armando’s claim should have been
dismissed for lack of jurisdiction rather than “under this chapter” (the TCPA) had it not been
nonsuited, and “[c]ourts always have jurisdiction to determine their own jurisdiction.” Houston
Mun. Emps. Pension Sys. v. Ferrell, 248 S.W.3d 151, 152 (Tex. 2007).

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Code § 27.005(c), to dismiss a claim “under this chapter” as a predicate for awarding fees and

sanctions, id. § 27.009(a). Thus, a decision that Armando’s claim should have been dismissed

under the TCPA effectively asserts jurisdiction over that claim—even though, as the Court

acknowledges, standing is lacking—by making a threshold potential merit determination, thereby

offending fundamental principles of separation of powers. See Inman, 252 S.W.3d at 307

(“[T]he denial of a claim on the merits is not an alternative to dismissal for want of jurisdiction

merely because the ultimate result is the same because the assertion of jurisdiction ‘carries the

courts beyond the bounds of authorized judicial action and thus offends fundamental principles

of separation of powers.’” (quoting Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env’t, 523 U.S. 83, 94

(1998))).

               The Court asserts that to require as a predicate for awarding fees and sanctions

that a legal action be dismissed under this chapter (the TCPA) “is inconsistent with decades of

authority allowing sanctions as a remedy for an opposing litigant’s frivolous pursuit of

jurisdictionally defective claims.” But that is exactly what the TCPA requires. See Tex. Civ.

Prac. & Rem. Code § 27.009(a) (authorizing award of fees and sanctions “if the court orders

dismissal of a legal action under this chapter”). And this appeal does not concern a trial court’s

exercise of its inherent authority to award sanctions or authority under other statutes that, in

contrast to the TCPA, do not require dismissal based upon an evaluation of the merits under that

statute as a predicate for awarding sanctions.

               My analysis in this separate writing is consistent with most of our sister courts

that have considered this issue. See Johnson v. Johnson, No. 04-19-00500-CV, 2020 WL 214762,

at *4 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Jan. 15, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op.) (concluding that “the probate

court lacked jurisdiction to dismiss the tort case under the TCPA and to award Chandler and

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Mary attorney’s fees, sanctions, and court costs under that statute.”); Houston Forensic Sci. Ctr.,

Inc. v. Barette, No. 01-19-00129-CV, 2019 WL 5792194, at *3 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]

Nov. 7, 2019, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“However, because the trial court lacked jurisdiction to

consider the TCPA motion to dismiss a claim over which it lacked jurisdiction, we conclude that

the order denying the motion to dismiss was void.”); Shankles v. Gordon, No. 05-16-00863-CV,

2018 WL 4100030, at *14 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 27, 2018, no pet.) (mem. op.) (concluding

that “section 27.009(a)(1) does not provide for an award of attorneys’ fees . . . when Shankles’s

claims . . . are dismissed for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction”); see also Holcomb v. Waller

County, 546 S.W.3d 833, 841–42 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2018, pet. denied) (Jennings, J.,

concurring and dissenting) (“Because the issue of subject-matter jurisdiction is dispositive, the

majority errs in addressing Holcomb’s first issue, relating to the merits of the case, after

concluding that the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over the case. . . . Here, because

the trial court lacked jurisdiction to hear Waller County’s declaratory-judgment action, we are

precluded from any consideration of Holcomb’s motion to dismiss, concerning the merits of the

case, and for sanctions and attorney’s fees under the TCPA.”); but see Holcomb, 546 S.W.3d at

840 (remanding case with instructions to dismiss suit for lack of subject matter jurisdiction after

holding further proceeding to award costs and fees under TCPA).              Consistent with these

authorities, I would affirm the denial of Crystal’s TCPA motion.            The trial court lacked

subject matter jurisdiction over Armando’s nonsuited section 261.107 claim, and therefore

Crystal would not have been entitled to dismissal of that claim under the TCPA. Accordingly,

I respectfully dissent.

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                                             __________________________________________
                                             Melissa Goodwin, Justice

Before Justices Goodwin, Triana, and Smith

Filed: October 9, 2020

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