Court Opinion

ID: 4363640
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-01-31 18:41:22.375491+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:48:55.241074
License: Public Domain

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                 :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                                 :
                v.                               :
                                                 :
                                                 :
    JOHN DALE PREACHER                           :
                                                 :
                       Appellant                 :   No. 997 EDA 2017

                Appeal from the PCRA Order November 18, 2016
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-23-CR-0001286-2008

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and OTT, J.

MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.:                                  FILED JANUARY 31, 2019

        John Dale Preacher appeals, pro se, from the order entered November

18, 2016, in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, dismissing as

untimely filed his petition for habeas corpus ad subjiciendum, which the court

construed to be his third petition for collateral relief filed pursuant to the Post

Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 Preacher seeks relief from the judgment of

sentence of an aggregate term of 25 to 50 years’ imprisonment, imposed on

October    27, 2008, following his             convictions of attempted homicide,

aggravated assault, persons not to possess firearms, possession of a firearm

without a license, and recklessly endangering another person (“REAP”).2 On

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1   42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.

2   18 Pa.C.S. §§ 901/2501, 2702, 6105, 6106, and 2705, respectively.
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appeal, he asserts the PCRA court erred in dismissing the petition as untimely

filed because: (1) the court failed to address whether Preacher was entitled

to review under Article I, Section 14 of the Pennsylvania Constitution where

post-conviction relief is deemed unavailable and he is entitled to have his

illegal sentence addressed via state habeas corpus under 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 6501-

6503 since he is challenging the validity of his sentence; (2) Preacher is

innocent of the mandatory minimum sentence and is being held in violation of

due process of law; and (3) Preacher is being subjected to cruel and unusual

punishment in violation of both federal and state constitutions because he is

being denied equal protection by serving a punishment for a crime of which

he is innocent. Based on the following, we affirm.

       The facts underlying this appeal are well known to the parties and we

need not recite them herein. In summary, Preacher’s convictions stemmed

from an incident wherein he shot another man, Frederick Bowman, through

the hand and chest, on October 8, 2007. On August 20, 2008, a jury convicted

Preacher of attempted homicide, aggravated assault, firearms without a

license, and REAP.3 The court found Preacher guilty of person not to possess

a firearm. On October 27, 2008, the trial court sentenced Preacher to a term

of 20 to 40 years’ incarceration for the attempted murder count, plus a term

of five to 10 consecutive years for the charge of persons not to possess

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3   The jury specifically found Preacher caused serious bodily injury.

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firearms.4 A panel of this Court affirmed his judgment of sentence, and our

Supreme      Court   denied     his   petition   for   allowance    of    appeal.    See

Commonwealth           v.   Preacher,      984    A.2d   1021      (Pa.   Super.    2009)

(unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, 987 A.2d 160 (Pa. 2009).

       Since then, Preacher has filed two petitions under the PCRA.5 Neither

of these petitions provided Preacher any relief. He then filed the present pro

se PCRA petition, his third, on February 26, 2016.              After determining the

petition was untimely, the PCRA court notified Preacher of its intent to dismiss

the petition without a hearing on October 14, 2016. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 907.

Preacher filed a pro se response to the Rule 907 notice on October 31, 2016.

On November 18, 2016, after considering Preacher’s response, the PCRA court

dismissed his petition. This pro se appeal followed.6

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4 The court imposed concurrent sentences for the remaining convictions, and
a mandatory minimum with respect to the firearms conviction.

5 See PCRA Court Opinion, 6/13/2018, at 2-3. It merits mention that on April
16, 2012, Preacher filed a prior petition for writ of habeas corpus, claiming:
(1) he was innocent; (2) there were Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963),
violations; (3) the trial court failed to be impartial and unbiased; (4) the
Commonwealth committed prosecutorial misconduct by knowingly using
perjured testimony; and (5) ineffective assistance of counsel. Petition for
State Habeas Corpus, 4/16/2012, at unnumbered 2. A panel of this Court
treated Preacher’s habeas corpus petition as a PCRA petition and denied relief.
See Commonwealth v. Preacher, 97 A.3d 806 [2012 EDA 2013] (Pa. Super.
2014) (unpublished memorandum).

6  On January 3, 2017, the PCRA court ordered Preacher to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
Preacher filed a concise statement on January 23, 2017. The matter remained

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       In Preacher’s first argument, he claims he should have been afforded

review under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2) because his claims are cognizable under

the PCRA, “but since it has been determined they are not, review should have

been granted under” habeas corpus relief. Preacher’s Brief at 7. Moreover he

states:

       [He] has been denied review, simply by the happenstance that
       Pennsylvania’s Supreme Court ruled that unconstitutional
       sentences based upon the same burdens and procedures that
       were expressively “outlawed” by the United States and
       Pennsylvania’s Supreme Courts to be stricken in their entirety as
       facially unconstitutional does not apply retroactively to convictions
       that were final when the United States Supreme Court handed
       down Alleyne v. United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013),[7] carry
       a significant risk that [he] is to stand convicted and suffer cruel
       punishment that by law cannot be imposed upon him, which in the
       circumstances of the instant case amounts to an intolerable
       miscarriage of justice because [he] is actually innocent of the
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dormant until the PCRA court issued an opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)
on June 14, 2018.

7 In Alleyne, the United States Supreme Court held “[a]ny fact that, by law,
increases the penalty for a crime is an ‘element’ that must be submitted to
the jury and found beyond a reasonable doubt.” Alleyne, supra, 133 S.Ct.
at 2155. In interpreting that decision, the courts of this Commonwealth have
determined that most of our mandatory minimum sentencing statutes are
unconstitutional because the language of those statutes “permits the trial
court, as opposed to the jury, to increase a defendant’s minimum sentence
based upon a preponderance of the evidence” standard. Commonwealth v.
Newman, 99 A.3d 86, 98 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc), appeal denied, 121
A.3d 496 (Pa. 2015). See Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 117 A.3d 247 (Pa.
2015) (invalidating 18 Pa.C.S. § 6317); Commonwealth v. Vargas, 108
A.3d 858 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc), (invalidating 18 Pa.C.S. § 7508),
appeal denied, 121 A.3d 496 (Pa. 2015). Further, our courts have held that
the unconstitutional provisions of the mandatory minimum statutes are not
severable from the statute as a whole. Hopkins, supra, 117 A.3d at 262;
Newman, supra, 99 A.3d at 101.

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       sentence imposed under the unconstitutional statute 42 Pa.C.S. §
       9712 because his conduct, as a matter of law, cannot violate this
       ineffective statute, therefore, the entire sentence is violated of the
       due process clauses of [the United States and Pennsylvania
       Constitutions].

Preacher’s Brief at 7.8,   9

       The PCRA provides “the sole means of obtaining collateral relief and

encompasses all other common law and statutory remedies of the same

purpose that exist when [the Act] takes effect, including habeas corpus and

coram nobis.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9542 (emphasis supplied). 10 The Pennsylvania

Supreme Court has made clear that “the PCRA subsumes the remedy of

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8   We note: “[A]lthough this Court is willing to construe liberally materials
filed by a pro se litigant, pro se status generally confers no special benefit
upon an appellant.” Commonwealth v. Lyons, 833 A.2d 245, 252 (Pa.
Super. 2003), appeal denied, 879 A.2d 782 (Pa. 2005) (some citations
omitted). “[A]ny layperson choosing to represent himself in a legal proceeding
must, to some reasonable extent, assume the risk that his lack of expertise
and legal training will prove his undoing.” Commonwealth v. Gray, 608
A.2d 534, 550 (Pa. Super. 1992), quoting Vann v. Commonwealth
Unemployment Compensation Bd. of Review, 494 A.2d 1081, 1086 (Pa.
1985). As such, we cannot serve as Preacher’s counsel and litigate his claims
for him.

9 Interestingly, as part of his argument, Preacher repeatedly states he would
have never pleaded guilty to possessing a firearm had he known he would
have received the mandatory minimum. See i.e., Preacher’s Brief at 8, 11,
12. However, Preacher did not enter a guilty plea, rather, a jury convicted
him of the gun possession offense.

10  See also, 42 Pa.C.S. § 6503(b) (“Where a person is restrained by virtue
of sentence after conviction for a criminal offense, the writ of habeas corpus
shall not be available if a remedy may be had by post-conviction hearing
proceedings authorized by law.”).

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habeas corpus with respect to remedies offered under the PCRA[.]”

Commonwealth v. Peterkin, 722 A.2d 638, 640 (Pa. 1998).11

       Although the writ of habeas corpus continues to exist, it provides “an

independent basis for relief only in cases in which there is no remedy under

the PCRA.” Fahy, 737 A.2d at 224. Moreover, the writ of habeas corpus is

not available as an alternative basis for relief when, under the framework of

the PCRA, a petition would be considered previously litigated, waived or

untimely. Commonwealth v. Kutnyak, 781 A.2d 1259, 1261 (Pa. Super.

2001), citing Fahy, 727 A.2d at 223–224.

       Despite Preacher’s protestations, we note the PCRA court properly

construed his habeas petition to be a PCRA petition.    As noted above, the

PCRA clearly states it is “the sole means of obtaining collateral relief and

encompasses all other common law and statutory remedies …, including

habeas corpus and coram nobis.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9542.         Therefore, “if the

underlying substantive claim is one that could potentially be remedied under

the PCRA, that claim is exclusive to the PCRA.” Commonwealth v. Pagan,

864 A.2d 1231, 1233 (Pa. Super. 2004), cert. denied, 546 U.S. 909 (2005)

(emphasis in original). See Commonwealth v. Taylor, 65 A.3d 462, 466

(Pa. Super. 2013) (“Phrased differently, a defendant cannot escape the PCRA

time-bar by titling his petition or motion as a writ of habeas corpus.”)

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11   See also Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 223 (Pa. 1999).

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(footnote omitted). Accordingly, because “[i]ssues concerning the legality of

sentence are cognizable under the PCRA[,]”12 the court properly reviewed

Preacher’s petition under the rubric of the PCRA.

        Accordingly, we must now turn to the untimeliness of Preacher’s

petition. “Crucial to the determination of any PCRA appeal is the timeliness

of the underlying petition. Thus, we must first determine whether the instant

PCRA petition was timely filed.” Commonwealth v. Smith, 35 A.3d 766,

768 (Pa. Super. 2011), appeal denied, 53 A.3d 757 (Pa. 2012).

        The PCRA timeliness requirement … is mandatory and
        jurisdictional in nature. Commonwealth v. Taylor, 933 A.2d
        1035, 1038 (Pa. Super. 2007), appeal denied, 597 Pa. 715, 951
        A.2d 1163 (2008) (citing Commonwealth v. Murray, 562 Pa. 1,
        753 A.2d 201, 203 (2000)). The court cannot ignore a petition’s
        untimeliness and reach the merits of the petition. Id.

Commonwealth v. Taylor, 67 A.3d 1245, 1248 (Pa. 2013), cert. denied,

134 S. Ct. 2695 (U.S. 2014). A PCRA petition must be filed within one year

of the date the underlying judgment becomes final.           See 42 Pa.C.S. §

9545(b)(1). A judgment is deemed final “at the conclusion of direct review,

including discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and

the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking

review.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3); U.S.Sup.Ct. Rule 13. Instantly, Preacher’s

judgment of sentence became final on March 30, 2010, at the expiration of

the time in which he had to file a petition for writ of certiorari with the United

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12   Commonwealth v. Beck, 848 A.2d 987, 989 (Pa. Super. 2004).

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States Supreme Court. Therefore, he had until March 30, 2011 to file a timely

PCRA petition, making the present petition patently untimely.

      However, pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545, an otherwise untimely petition

is not time-barred if a petitioner pleads and proves the applicability of one of

three time-for-filing exceptions:

      (i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
      interference by government officials with the presentation of the
      claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
      or the Constitution or laws of the United States;

      (ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to
      the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise
      of due diligence; or

      (iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized
      by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court
      of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and
      has been held by that court to apply retroactively.

42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). Further, any petition invoking one of these

exceptions must be filed “within 60 days of the date the claim could have been

presented.” Id. at § 9545(b)(2).

      Here, rather than prove the applicability of one of the Section 9545(b)

exceptions, Preacher complains he was denied review, “simply by []

happenstance” because the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that Alleyne

does not apply retroactively on collateral review and therefore, his conviction

and sentence is a “miscarriage of justice” and review should be granted under

habeas corpus. Preacher’s Brief at 7. However, this argument has no support

under the PCRA. The mandate of the statute is clear:

      The PCRA’s timeliness requirements are jurisdictional; therefore,
      a court may not address the merits of the issues raised if the

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       petition was not timely filed. Commonwealth v. Abu–Jamal,
       574 Pa. 724, 833 A.2d 719, 723–24 (2003); Commonwealth v.
       Murray, 562 Pa. 1, 753 A.2d 201, 203 (2000). The timeliness
       requirements apply to all PCRA petitions, regardless of the nature
       of the individual claims raised therein. Murray, at 203.

Commonwealth v. Jones, 54 A.3d 14, 17 (Pa. 2012). This includes a PCRA

claim challenging the legality of a sentence pursuant to Alleyne.           See

Commonwealth v. Washington, 142 A.3d 810, 820 (Pa. 2016) (holding

“Alleyne does not apply retroactively to cases pending on collateral

review”).13 Accordingly, Preacher’s first argument fails.

       Because we conclude that the court did not err (1) in determining that

Preacher’s petition for writ of habeas corpus ad subjiciendum was actually a

request for PCRA relief, and (2) in finding that the petition was untimely filed,

we affirm the order of the PCRA court. Furthermore, we need not address his

remaining claims.

       Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/31/19

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13   See PCRA Court Opinion, 6/13/2018, at 3 n.3, 7.

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