Court Opinion

ID: 2743505
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-10-17 20:03:07.84424+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:01:02.149657
License: Public Domain

Illinois Official Reports

                                        Appellate Court

                      In re Marriage of Lasota, 2014 IL App (1st) 132009

Appellate Court           In re MARRIAGE OF ELZBIETA LASOTA, Petitioner-Appellee,
Caption                   and JANUSZ LUTEREK, Respondent-Appellant.

District & No.            First District, Third Division
                          Docket No. 1-13-2009

Filed                     August 13, 2014

Held                       In marriage dissolution proceedings arising from circumstances
(Note: This syllabus showing that the parties were married in Poland, moved to Illinois,
constitutes no part of the purchased real estate and were living in Illinois when respondent
opinion of the court but returned to Poland and obtained a judgment ending the marriage, and
has been prepared by the petitioner then filed a dissolution action in Illinois, the trial court did
Reporter of Decisions not err in finding that the Polish court did not have jurisdiction over
for the convenience of petitioner, and that the Illinois court did have jurisdiction to dispose of
the reader.)               the parties’ marital property pursuant to section 503(d) of the Illinois
                           Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act and award temporary
                           maintenance and interim attorney fees; furthermore, the trial court did
                           not abuse its discretion in denying respondent’s motion to reconsider
                           and properly held him in contempt for failing to comply with the trial
                           court’s order.

Decision Under            Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 11-D-940; the
Review                    Hon. Debra B. Walker, Judge, presiding.

Judgment                  Affirmed.
     Counsel on               Paul J. Bargiel, P.C., and Donald M. Goldman, both of Chicago, for
     Appeal                   appellant.

                              Greg Gancarczyk, of Gan Law Group, of Chicago, for appellee.

     Panel                    PRESIDING JUSTICE HYMAN delivered the judgment of the court,
                              with opinion.
                              Justices Neville and Mason concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                               OPINION

¶1         While Janusz Luterek ended his nine-year marriage to Elzbieta Lasota by obtaining a
       judgment in Poland where the couple married, that was far from the conclusion of their
       dissolution proceedings, which took place in Illinois, where they had resettled before their
       marriage broke down. After the Polish court judgment was registered in Cook County, Elzbieta
       sought her share of the martial property and an award of temporary maintenance and attorney
       fees, all issues unaddressed by the Polish court. Janusz argued, however, that the court in
       Poland and not the circuit court in Cook County had jurisdiction to deal with the marriage, and,
       in any event, res judicata barred Elzbieta’s petition. The circuit court rejected Janusz’s
       contentions and held that under the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (the Act)
       (750 ILCS 5/101 et seq. (West 2012)), jurisdiction existed here because Janusz had not served
       Elzbieta with process and Elzbieta had not made a general appearance before the court in
       Poland. The circuit court then ordered Janusz to pay Elzbieta temporary maintenance and
       interim attorney fees and held him in civil contempt when he failed to comply.
¶2         Janusz seeks reversal of the order of civil contempt as void due to the circuit court’s
       erroneous determination that Elzbieta had not appeared before the Polish court. The record,
       however, supports a finding that in addition to never having been served process, Elzbieta at no
       time submitted herself to the jurisdiction of the Polish court for purposes of the divorce.
       Therefore, we affirm.

¶3                                           BACKGROUND
¶4          Elzbieta Lasota married Janusz Luterek on July 8, 2000, in Lublin, Poland. During their
       marriage, the parties, who did not have children, bought a home and moved to Inverness,
       Illinois. On August 27, 2007, Janusz filed a petition for dissolution of marriage in Cook
       County. Janusz voluntarily dismissed the petition in September 2007, and in April 2008, filed a
       petition for dissolution of marriage in Lublin, Poland. On May 2, 2008, Elzbieta filed a petition
       for dissolution of marriage in Cook County. On March 24, 2009, the Cook County circuit court
       dismissed Elzbieta’s marital dissolution petition on the basis that Janusz’s petition was still
       pending in Poland.

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¶5       On September 8, 2009, the court in Lublin entered a judgment for dissolution of the parties’
     marriage. The judgment did not address the division of the parties’ real estate and other assets
     or the issues of maintenance, debts, or other financial issues. On January 31, 2011, Elzbieta
     filed a petition to register the Polish judgment in Cook County. Janusz filed a motion to
     dismiss alleging, in part, that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to hear Elzbieta’s petition. On
     March 10, 2011, after a hearing, the circuit court denied Janusz’s motion to dismiss Elzbieta’s
     petition and the Polish judgment for dissolution of marriage was registered in the Cook County
     circuit court. Elzbieta claimed the marital assets included $380,000 she transferred from a bank
     account in Poland to bank accounts in Illinois controlled by Janusz, as well as the marital home
     and real estate Janusz purchased with money from their joint bank accounts.
¶6       On April 1, 2011, Elzbieta filed a petition in the circuit court requesting disposition of the
     parties’ marital property under section 503(d) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012)).
     Section 503(d) permits the circuit court to dispose of marital property “following dissolution of
     marriage by a court which lacked personal jurisdiction over the absent spouse or lacked
     jurisdiction to dispose of the property.” Id. Thus, the circuit court’s authority to dispose of the
     parties’ marital property depended on its finding that the Polish court lacked jurisdiction over
     Elzbieta.
¶7       On May 16, 2011, Janusz filed a motion to dismiss Elzbieta’s petition for disposition of
     marital property. Janusz alleged in count I that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction under
     section 2-619(a)(1) of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure (the Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(1)
     (West 2012)), because the parties were divorced in Poland not Illinois, and the order
     registering the Polish judgment did not confer jurisdiction under section 503(d) of the Act (750
     ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012)) on the circuit court to dispose of marital property. In count II,
     Janusz sought to bar Elzbieta’s petition by “other affirmative matter” under section
     2-619(a)(9) of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(9) (West 2012)), including a postnuptial
     agreement the parties executed that delineates the parties’ interests in the marital assets under
     Polish law and Elzbieta’s participation in the Polish divorce proceeding. In count III, Janusz
     sought to bar Elzbieta’s petition under section 2-619(a)(3) of the Code (735 ILCS
     5/2-619(a)(3) (West 2012)), because on December 10, 2008, she filed in the Polish court a
     “petition to obtain payment,” which is still pending and involves the same funds she now
     claims in the petition she filed in Cook County.
¶8       On September 16, 2011, the circuit court, after hearing arguments, dismissed counts II
     and III but found the evidence insufficient to rule on count I, alleging lack of jurisdiction. The
     court noted that under section 503(d) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012)), the court
     had subject matter jurisdiction to dispose of marital property if the Polish court lacked either
     personal jurisdiction over Elzbieta or jurisdiction to dispose of the property. The court gave the
     parties 60 days to submit additional and relevant documents relating to the Polish dissolution
     of marriage proceedings and memorandums regarding the Polish court’s personal jurisdiction
     over Elzbieta.
¶9       On March 16, 2012, having considered the supplemental evidence, the circuit court issued
     a well-reasoned memorandum and order denying the remaining count I of Janusz’s motion to
     dismiss. The circuit court determined under the doctrine of comity to follow the laws of Illinois
     because they provided greater due process safeguards than the laws of Poland. The circuit
     court concluded that the Polish court did not have personal jurisdiction over Elzbieta because
     she had not been properly served with Janusz’s petition for dissolution of marriage under

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       section 2-203(a) of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-203(a) (West 2012)) and no evidence in the record
       indicated that Elzbieta filed an appearance or the equivalent of an appearance in the Polish
       dissolution of marriage proceeding. The court also found that none of the documents submitted
       by Janusz, including answers to interrogatories and transcripts from proceedings in which
       Elzbieta and her Polish attorney did not appear or in which Elzbieta’s Polish attorney sought to
       suspend the proceeding, showed that Elzbieta submitted to the jurisdiction of the Polish court
       or waived her objection to personal jurisdiction under section 2-301(a-5) of the Code (735
       ILCS 5/2-301(a-5) (West 2012)). Thus, the court found it had subject matter jurisdiction under
       section 503(d) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012)) to rule on her petition.
¶ 10       On April 4, 2012, Janusz moved for reconsideration. He attached to his motion a document
       entitled “Respondent’s Motion and Answer to Petition” from the Polish proceeding.
       According to Janusz’s motion, a translation of the petition (a translation Elzbieta disputed)
       showed that Elzbieta, through her Polish attorney, asked for dissolution of marriage due to the
       exclusive fault of Janusz and for attorney fees. Janusz contended that this document
       established that Elzbieta consented to the Polish court’s jurisdiction and deprived the circuit
       court of jurisdiction.
¶ 11       The circuit court first noted that Janusz failed to cite legal authority for his motion to
       reconsider, which offered grounds for striking it sua sponte. Instead, the court opted to address
       the merits of the motion under section 2-1203(a) of the Code, which permits a party, within 30
       days of the entry of a judgment in a nonjury case, to file a motion for a rehearing or retrial or a
       modification or vacation of the judgment. 735 ILCS 5/2-1203(a) (West 2012). The court
       determined that it could not consider the petition attached to the motion, purported to be
       Elzbieta’s consent to the dissolution of her marriage in Poland, because Janusz failed to
       exercise due diligence in obtaining the document and providing it to the court before the March
       16, 2012, ruling. The circuit court stated further that even if Janusz had exercised due diligence
       in producing Elzbieta’s response, it would not have changed the court’s ruling–“[t]he
       document as translated by Janusz (which Elzbieta argues is an inaccurate translation) contains
       multiple statements which indicate Elzbieta objected to the Polish court’s jurisdiction over the
       dissolution of marriage proceedings.” Thus, the circuit court denied the motion to reconsider.
¶ 12       On October 23, 2011, Elzbieta filed a petition seeking temporary maintenance under
       section 504(a) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/504(a) (West 2012)), and interim and prospective
       attorney fees under sections 501(c-1) and 508(a) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/501(c-1), 508(a)
       (West 2012)). On August 10, 2012, Janusz moved to dismiss Elzbieta’s petition, again arguing
       that the Polish judgment was final in all respects and that under the principle of res judicata,
       the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to grant the temporary relief requested.
¶ 13       On September 14, 2012, the circuit court amended its order to include its jurisdiction to
       award both temporary maintenance and interim attorney fees. The court noted that section 504
       permits the circuit court to award temporary or permanent maintenance “following dissolution
       of the marriage by a court which lacked personal jurisdiction.” 750 ILCS 5/504(a) (West
       2012). Based on its earlier finding that the Polish court lacked jurisdiction over Elzbieta, the
       circuit court held it likewise had jurisdiction to award temporary maintenance. The same
       reasoning applied to awarding interim attorney fees under section 508(a), which permits an
       award for the maintenance or defense of any proceeding under the Act. 750 ILCS 5/508(a)
       (West 2012).

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¶ 14       On April 26, 2013, after an evidentiary hearing, the circuit court ordered Janusz to pay
       Elzbieta $30,000 in attorney fees and monthly maintenance in the amount of $1,500 plus
       $1,000 per month toward the $27,000 retroactive judgment entered in Elzbieta’s favor,
       commencing on May 1, 2013. On May 29, 2013, after Janusz failed to pay Elzbieta the
       monthly and retroactive maintenance on May 1, the circuit court held Janusz in civil contempt.
¶ 15       On June 5, 2013, Janusz filed a notice of appeal from the circuit court’s March 16, 2012,
       order denying his motion to dismiss Elzbieta’s petition for disposition of property, the July 13,
       2012, order denying Janusz’s motion to reconsider, the September 14, 2012, order finding it
       had jurisdiction to award temporary maintenance and interim attorney fees, and the May 29,
       2013, order holding him in civil contempt. On June 24, the circuit court approved a $30,000
       appeal bond and directed the money be held by the Cook County circuit court clerk until the
       end of the appeal. The court also awarded Elzbieta $17,500 in appellate attorney fees but
       stayed the payment pending the mandate of the appellate court.

¶ 16                                             ANALYSIS
¶ 17                                        Personal Jurisdiction
¶ 18       The circuit court’s authority to dispose of the parties’ marital property, to order Janusz to
       pay maintenance and attorney fees, and to hold him in contempt for disobeying its order is
       governed by sections 503(d) and 504(a) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d), 504(a) (West 2012))
       and turns, here, on the circuit court’s finding the Polish court without jurisdiction over Elzbieta
       when it entered its judgment dissolving the parties’ marriage. Section 503(d) provides:
                “[I]n a proceeding for disposition of property following dissolution of marriage by a
                court which lacked personal jurisdiction over the absent spouse or lacked jurisdiction
                to dispose of the property, the court shall assign each spouse’s non-marital property to
                that spouse. It also shall divide the marital property without regard to marital
                misconduct in just proportions considering all relevant factors ***.” (Emphasis added.)
                750 ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012).
¶ 19       Section 504(a) similarly states:
                “In a proceeding *** for maintenance following dissolution of the marriage by a court
                which lacked personal jurisdiction over the absent spouse, the court may grant a
                temporary or permanent maintenance award for either spouse in amounts and for
                periods of time as the court deems just ***.” 750 ILCS 5/504(a) (West 2012).
¶ 20       According to Janusz, the circuit court erred in finding it had personal jurisdiction under
       sections 503(d) and 504(a) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d), 504(a) (West 2012)) to grant the
       relief requested by Elzbieta. Although Janusz concedes that Elzbieta was not properly served
       under section 2-203 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-203 (West 2012)), he maintains she generally
       appeared and participated in the Polish proceeding to such an extent that she submitted herself
       to the Polish court’s jurisdiction. Janusz points to powers of attorney Elzbieta gave two Polish
       lawyers to represent her, the pleadings those lawyers filed on her behalf, and a transcript from
       a September 8, 2009 hearing in Poland in which Elzbieta allegedly consented to an uncontested
       dissolution of marriage and agreed that each party should pay his or her own attorney fees.
       Janusz contends Elzbieta’s participation in the Polish proceeding through her attorneys
       constitutes a submission to jurisdiction and forfeiture of her right to later contest personal
       jurisdiction. He cites several Illinois decisions indicating that a party waives objection to

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       personal jurisdiction by participating in a proceeding and, thereby, acknowledging the case.
       See, e.g., In re Marriage of Gorman, 284 Ill. App. 3d 171, 178 (1996) (finding that circuit
       court had personal jurisdiction in dissolution action over wife who was not served with a
       summons but who recognized and participated in the case by signing and returning the forms
       necessary to the dissolution of marriage proceedings, including the judgment and settlement
       agreement). He asks for reversal of the denial of his motion to dismiss Elzbieta’s petition, the
       order granting her temporary maintenance and attorney fees, and the order holding him in
       contempt.
¶ 21       When the trial court bases its decision regarding personal jurisdiction over a party solely on
       documentary evidence, we review a trial court’s dismissal for lack of personal jurisdiction
       de novo. McNally v. Morrison, 408 Ill. App. 3d 248, 254 (2011). But when the trial court
       conducts an evidentiary hearing and hears testimony on jurisdictional issues, as here, a
       manifest weight of the evidence standard has historically been applied. Madison Miracle
       Productions, LLC v. MGM Distribution Co., 2012 IL App (1st) 112334, ¶ 33. Under this
       standard, this court should reverse a trial court’s determination “only when the opposite
       conclusion is clearly evident or where the factual findings upon which it is based are
       unreasonable, arbitrary, or not based on the evidence.” 1350 Lake Shore Associates v. Randall,
       401 Ill. App. 3d 96, 102 (2010).
¶ 22       We disagree that Elzbieta submitted to the jurisdiction of the Polish court. That Elzbieta,
       who resided in Illinois, hired Polish attorneys and signed powers of attorney allowing an
       appearance on her behalf does not alone establish her participation in the Polish proceeding or
       her consent to the Polish court’s jurisdiction. A party can hire an attorney to appear solely to
       object to a court’s jurisdiction. See 735 ILCS 5/2-301(a) (West 2012) (“Prior to the filing of
       any other pleading or motion other than a motion for an extension of time to answer or
       otherwise appear, a party may object to the court’s jurisdiction over the party’s person, either
       on the ground that the party is not amenable to process of a court of this State or on the ground
       of insufficiency of process or insufficiency of service of process, by filing a motion to dismiss
       the entire proceeding or any cause of action involved in the proceeding or by filing a motion to
       quash service of process.”).
¶ 23       Further, the documents considered by the circuit court were either discovery documents
       which, under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 201(l) (eff. July 1, 2014), do not constitute waiver of
       that party’s objection to the court’s jurisdiction or transcripts and documents that do not show
       Elzbieta submitted to Polish jurisdiction. For instance, Janusz submitted an order from the
       Polish court that denied Elzbieta’s motion to suspend proceedings and found it had jurisdiction
       and an order that denied her request to reconsider its prior finding that it had jurisdiction to
       hear the dissolution proceeding. As the circuit court observed, these orders demonstrate that
       the jurisdiction of the Polish court was a matter of dispute between the parties. Thus, we agree
       with the circuit court that the materials from the Polish proceeding show that Elzbieta objected
       to the Polish court’s jurisdiction and did not acquiesce or otherwise submit herself to its
       jurisdiction.
¶ 24       Accordingly, the circuit court did not err in finding the Polish court lacked jurisdiction over
       Elzbieta in the dissolution proceeding. Moreover, its finding of jurisdiction under section
       503(d) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012)) to hear Elzbieta’s petition to dispose of the
       marital property and award temporary maintenance and interim attorney fees under sections
       504(a) and 501(c-1) and 508(a) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/504(a), 501(c-1), 508(a) (West 2012))

                                                    -6-
       was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.

¶ 25                                  Denial of Motion to Reconsider
¶ 26       Janusz next contends the circuit court erred in treating his motion to reconsider the court’s
       March 16, 2012, order as a section 2-1203 motion and in refusing to consider Elzbieta’s
       response to his petition for dissolution of marriage on the ground that he failed to exercise due
       diligence in producing the document. As noted, the circuit court found that Janusz had failed to
       cite any legal authority for his motion and decided that instead of striking the motion, it would
       consider the motion under section 2-1203 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-1203 (West 2012)).
¶ 27       Janusz asserts the March 16, 2012, order denying his motion to dismiss was an
       interlocutory order and not a judgment and thus the circuit court erred in relying on section
       2-1203 in denying his motion to reconsider. See Mund v. Brown, 393 Ill. App. 3d 994, 996
       (2009) (denial of motion to dismiss is not final and appealable order under Illinois Supreme
       Court Rule 307 (eff. Feb. 26, 2010) but mere interlocutory order).
¶ 28       A motion to reconsider brings to the trial court’s attention newly discovered evidence not
       available at the time of the first hearing, changes in the law, or errors in the previous
       application of existing law to the facts. River Village I, LLC v. Central Insurance Cos., 396 Ill.
       App. 3d 480, 492 (2009). A trial court is well within its discretion to deny the motion and
       ignore its contents when the motion contains material that was available before the hearing but
       never presented. Weidner v. Midcon Corp., 328 Ill. App. 3d 1056, 1061-62 (2002). Litigants
       should not be allowed “to stand mute, lose a motion, and then frantically gather evidentiary
       material to show that the court erred in its ruling.” Gardner v. Navistar International
       Transportation Corp., 213 Ill. App. 3d 242, 248 (1991). Rather, “the interests of finality and
       efficiency require that the trial courts not consider such late-tendered evidentiary material, no
       matter what the contents thereof may be.” (Emphasis in original.) Id. at 248-49. Generally, the
       denial of a motion to reconsider is reviewed de novo. River Village I, LLC, 396 Ill. App. 3d at
       492. But where the denial is based on new matters, such as additional facts that were not
       previously presented during the course of proceedings leading to the order being challenged,
       we employ an abuse of discretion standard of review. Id.
¶ 29       The circuit court did not abuse its discretion in denying Janusz’s motion to reconsider and
       in the process was justified in opting not to consider the new evidence. As the circuit court
       noted, Elzbieta’s petition for disposition of property was filed on April 1, 2011, and the circuit
       court did not rule on Janusz’s motion to dismiss for almost a year, giving him ample time to
       produce that document. In a September 16, 2011 order, the circuit court specifically asked the
       parties to provide the court with original and translated copies of all documents filed or
       submitted to the Polish court related to the Polish dissolution proceedings. Janusz produced
       numerous documents but did not produce Elzbieta’s response, without providing a reason why
       that document was not produced. Given that Janusz filed the dissolution of marriage petition in
       Poland and participated in the proceeding, the circuit court could reasonably conclude that
       Janusz should have been able to produce a translated copy of Elzbieta’s response along with
       the other documents he provided, particularly given its claimed significance to the issue of
       jurisdiction. Thus, because the document relied on by Janusz in his motion to reconsider was
       available to him at the time the circuit court ruled on his motion to dismiss, the court did not
       abuse its discretion in refusing to consider it.

                                                   -7-
¶ 30       Further, we agree with the circuit court that even if Elzbieta’s response was taken into
       consideration, it would not provide grounds for reversing the denial of Janusz’s motion to
       dismiss. Although Janusz contends the document demonstrates that Elzbieta submitted to the
       jurisdiction of the Polish court, when read in its entirety, the response shows her continued
       objection to the Polish court’s jurisdiction, stating that “a dissolution of marriage granted by a
       court in Poland would be against the law” and that because both parties’ last place of residence
       was in Inverness, Illinois, “the Lublin court is not the proper venue to hear this case.”
       Throughout the duration of the Polish proceeding, Elzbieta, through her attorneys, objected to
       the jurisdiction of the Polish court. She continued to object in this pleading, and the circuit
       court did not err in finding that the document cannot be considered conclusive evidence
       showing she submitted herself to the Polish court’s jurisdiction. Thus, the circuit court did not
       abuse its discretion in denying Janusz’s motion to reconsider.

¶ 31                                     Contempt Finding
¶ 32      Janusz contends that based on the lack of jurisdiction of the circuit court, the contempt
       order entered was void and must be reversed. But having had jurisdiction under sections
       504(a), 501(c-1), and 508(a) (750 ILCS 5/504(a), 501(c-1), 508(a) (West 2012)) to award
       temporary maintenance and interim attorney fees, we find it did not err in holding Janusz in
       contempt when he failed to comply with the order.

¶ 33                                         CONCLUSION
¶ 34      The orders of the circuit court are affirmed in all respects.

¶ 35      Affirmed.

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