Court Opinion

ID: 3077000
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 01:23:21.285637+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:42:00.897079
License: Public Domain

IN THE
                         TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

                                No. 10-12-00432-CR

FRED NATHAN,
                                                           Appellant
v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,
                                                           Appellee

                           From the 13th District Court
                             Navarro County, Texas
                            Trial Court No. 33696-CR

                          MEMORANDUM OPINION

      In one issue, appellant, Fred Nathan, argues that the trial court abused its

discretion in revoking his community supervision. We affirm.

                                   I.    BACKGROUND

      Appellant was indicted for aggravated assault with a punishment enhancement.

As part of an agreement with the State, appellant pleaded guilty to the charged offense,

and the State dropped the punishment enhancement. The trial court deferred a finding

of guilt and placed appellant on community supervision for four years. Thereafter, the
State filed a motion to revoke appellant’s community supervision, alleging numerous

violations, including: (1) failing to pay court-ordered probation fees and court costs; (2)

testing positive for cocaine; (3) tampering with a urine sample; and (4) failing to find

suitable employment.

       On August 8, 2012, the trial court conducted a hearing on the State’s motion to

revoke. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court: (1) found all of the allegations

contained in the State’s motion to revoke to be true, except for the allegation relating to

finding suitable employment; (2) revoked appellant’s community supervision; (3) found

him guilty of the underlying offense; and (4) sentenced him to sixteen years’

incarceration in the Institutional Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.

This appeal followed.

                                II.    STANDARD OF REVIEW

       We review an order revoking community supervision under an abuse-of-

discretion standard. See Rickels v. State, 202 S.W.3d 759, 763-64 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).

To justify revocation, the State must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the

defendant violated the terms and conditions of community supervision. See Hacker v.

State, 389 S.W.3d 860, 864-65 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). “In the probation-revocation

context, ‘a preponderance of the evidence’ means ‘that greater weight of the credible

evidence which would create a reasonable belief that the defendant has violated a

condition of his probation.’” Id. at 865 (quoting Rickels, 202 S.W.3d at 764). The trial

court is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their

Nathan v. State                                                                       Page 2
testimony; thus, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s

ruling. See id. at 865.

       If the State fails to produce a preponderance of the evidence to support

revocation, the trial court abuses its discretion. See Cardona v. State, 665 S.W.2d 492, 493-

94 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). However, proof by a preponderance of any one alleged

violation is sufficient to affirm an order revoking community supervision and

adjudicating guilt. See Bryant v. State, 391 S.W.3d 86, 93 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012); Clay v.

State, 361 S.W.3d 762, 765 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2012, no pet.).

                                       III.   ANALYSIS

       In his sole issue on appeal, appellant contends that the trial court abused its

discretion in revoking his community supervision because the State did not prove by a

preponderance of the evidence that he had violated the terms and conditions of his

community supervision. Appellant also argues that the trial court abused its discretion

in sentencing him.

       At the August 8, 2012 adjudication hearing, Justin Bryan, an officer with the

Navarro County Adult Community Supervision and Corrections Department, testified

that appellant failed to pay his probation fees and court costs, failed to maintain stable

employment, tested positive for cocaine on May 11, 2012, and tried to tamper with a

urine screen on May 11, 2012. According to Bryan, appellant stated that he received

$606 per month in disability and that he could make the required payments for his

community supervision and court costs. Bryan testified that appellant owed more than

Nathan v. State                                                                        Page 3
$400 for his community supervision and more than $60 in court costs. Bryan then

recalled an incident regarding the drug testing of appellant.

       On May 11, 2012, appellant was requested to supply a urine sample. Appellant

told Bryan that he could not provide a sample at 11:00 a.m., so Bryan allowed appellant

to come back at 1:00 p.m. to provide the sample. When he returned at 1:00 p.m. to

provide the sample, appellant engaged in suspicious behavior. Bryan recounted that,

while providing the sample, appellant coughed loudly, gasped, and turned his back to

obstruct Bryan’s view. Based on the obstruction, Bryan twice requested that appellant

pull down his pants to ensure that nothing was being concealed. Appellant became

agitated and “threw his arms up and when he threw his arms up[,] I noticed that there

was a wet spot on his shorts, and a condom fell from his shorts to the floor underneath

him.” Bryan noticed that the condom still had some urine in it. Based on his training

and experience, which included the administration of at least 1,000 or 2,000 drug tests,

Bryan believed that appellant was trying to tamper with the urine sample.

       Nevertheless, the cup provided for the sample contained some urine. Bryan

field-tested the fluid in the cup, and the fluid tested positive for cocaine. Bryan then

confronted appellant about the tampering. Appellant denied having cocaine in his

system, but he did admit that the condom was his and that he had brought the condom

to use for his urine sample. Bryan told appellant that he could either supply another

urine sample or be charged with a new offense. Appellant agreed to provide a new

sample that ultimately tested positive for cocaine.

Nathan v. State                                                                   Page 4
       Based on appellant’s failure to pay his court-ordered costs and fees, appellant’s

tampering with the drug test, and appellant’s positive drug test, Bryan believed that

appellant’s community supervision should be revoked.

       Appellant and his wife also testified. In particular, appellant noted that he used

to receive $608 a month but now receives $628 a month in disability, that his church

helps him out with some of his bills, that he receives food stamps, and that his wife

receives $400 a month in disability. Appellant denied being able to use his disability

money to pay the court-ordered costs in this case, but he did admit to receiving a debit

card from the Social Security Administration and being able to withdraw cash using

that card. Appellant also admitted to borrowing money from his sister and father and

to telling Bryan that he would pay his court-ordered fees; however, he acknowledged

that he never told Bryan that he was unable to pay the fees. With regard to the May 11,

2012 incident, appellant asserted that Bryan was lying and that he did not try to tamper

with the drug test.

       By revoking appellant’s community supervision, the trial court clearly believed

Bryan’s testimony over appellant’s, which it was entitled to do. See Hacker, 389 S.W.3d

at 865; see also Lozano v. State, No. 03-07-00597-CR, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 6212, at **4-5

(Tex. App.—Austin Aug. 14, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication)

(recognizing that the trial court may disbelieve or not accept appellant’s excuses for

failing to comply with community-supervision conditions).              Moreover, with

evidentiary-sufficiency challenges such as this, we are to defer to the trial court’s

resolution of conflicting testimony. See Lancon v. State, 253 S.W.3d 699, 706 (Tex. Crim.

Nathan v. State                                                                    Page 5
Ohio App. 2008); Mauney v. State, 107 S.W.3d 693, 695 (Tex. App.—Austin 2003, no pet.); see

also Munoz v. State, Nos. 11-12-00137-CR, 11-12-00138-CR, 11-12-00139-CR, 11-12-00140-

CR, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 4645, at *7 (Tex. App.—Eastland Apr. 11, 2013, no pet. h.)

(mem. op., not designated for publication) (“We must consider the facts in the light

most favorable to the trial court’s ruling and defer to the trial court’s resolution of

disputed testimony.”). Therefore, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to

the trial court’s ruling, we conclude that the record contains sufficient evidence to

demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that appellant violated his community

supervision. See Hacker, 389 S.W.3d at 864-65. Accordingly, we cannot say that the trial

court abused its discretion in revoking appellant’s community supervision. See Rickels,
202 S.W.3d at 763-64.

       In any event, the second part of appellant’s issue, which could be considered

multifarious, attacks the sentence imposed by the trial court—sixteen years’

incarceration.    “Generally, punishment assessed within the statutory limits is not

excessive, cruel, or unusual punishment.”     Dale v. State, 170 S.W.3d 797, 799 (Tex.

App.—Fort Worth 2005, no pet.) (citing Jordan v. State, 495 S.W.2d 949, 952 (Tex. Crim.

App. 1979); Alvarez v. State, 63 S.W.3d 578, 580 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2001, no pet.)).

The record reflects that appellant was charged with aggravated assault, a second-degree

felony, in the underlying offense. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)-(b) (West 2011).

Section 12.33 of the Texas Penal Code provides that the punishment range for a second-

degree felony is “for any term of not more than 20 years or less than 2 years.” Id. §

Nathan v. State                                                                   Page 6
12.33(a) (West 2011).    Therefore, appellant’s sixteen-year sentence falls within the

punishment range proscribed by section 12.33. See id.

       Furthermore, we note that appellant has cast this complaint in terms of an abuse

of discretion. This Court has stated:

       Typically challenges to the proportionality of the length of a sentence are
       raised as a violation of the Eighth Amendment’s ban on “cruel and
       unusual punishment.” Although such claims are seldom successful, there
       is an established body of case law which provides a framework for
       analyzing such an Eighth Amendment claim.

              Appellant has, instead, cast his issue in terms of an “abuse of
       discretion.” He has not cited any cases where an appellate court has
       reviewed the length of an otherwise lawful sentence and determined that
       the court abused its discretion by imposing such a sentence. Indeed, the
       only case he cites is Jackson v. State, 680 S.W.2d 809 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984).
       Jackson involves a court’s abuse of discretion in the procedure employed at
       the sentencing phase; it has nothing to do with the actual sentence and,
       therefore, no applicability to this case.

Shelburg v. State, No. No. 10-09-00172-CR, 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 3228, at **3-4 (Tex.

App.—Waco Apr. 27, 2011, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (internal

citations omitted).

       Likewise, in the instant case, appellant invokes Jackson while arguing that the

trial court abused its discretion in assessing the sixteen-year sentence. Because we do

not find Jackson to be applicable in this case, and because the imposed sentence is within

the punishment range proscribed for second-degree felonies, we cannot say that the

trial court abused its discretion. See id. We therefore overrule appellant’s sole issue on

appeal.

Nathan v. State                                                                         Page 7
                                   IV.      CONCLUSION

       Having overruled appellant’s sole issue on appeal, we affirm the judgment of the

trial court.

                                               AL SCOGGINS
                                               Justice

Before Chief Justice Gray,
       Justice Davis, and
       Justice Scoggins
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed June 20, 2013
Do not publish
[CR25]

Nathan v. State                                                                  Page 8