Court Opinion

ID: 4631376
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-21 03:09:31.012886+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:57:42.587661
License: Public Domain

California Casket Company, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, RespondentCalifornia Casket Co. v. CommissionerDocket No. 30419United States Tax Court19 T.C. 32; 1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72; October 15, 1952, Promulgated 1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*72 Decision will be entered under Rule 50.  1. On March 2, 1946, petitioner acquired an old warehouse building with the intent and purpose of completely renovating and remodeling it into a plant suitable to its business needs.  Soon after the acquisition thereof and after the rehabilitation program was underway, the foundation piling was found to be decayed from dry rot in varying degrees at different locations throughout the substructure of the building.  The task of replacing and restoring the entire foundation piling was undertaken while the rebuilding program, then in process, was under way.  Held, the work of replacing and restoring the foundation piling was incidental to and involved in a greater plan of over-all rehabilitation, remodeling, and permanent improvement of the entire property, and the expense thereof is properly to be capitalized.2. A statutory merger into petitioner of its wholly owned subsidiary, Oregon Casket Co., was effected on August 31, 1944.  Both parties kept accounts and filed returns on the basis of a fiscal year ended June 30.  As at the end of its fiscal year ended June 30, 1944, as well as at the effective date of the merger, August 31, 1944, 1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*73 Oregon had certain unused excess profits credits.  Held, petitioner is not entitled to carry over into its own fiscal year ended June 30, 1945, any portion of the excess profits credit of Oregon unused as at June 30 or August 31, 1944.3. As a result of the merger of Oregon Casket Co., Los Angeles Casket Co., and Pacific Coast Casket Co., with petitioner on August 31, 1944, petitioner became entitled to a "plus adjustment" to its equity invested capital pursuant to section 761 (d), I. R. C.Held, the stock of Oregon held by petitioner immediately preceding the intercorporate liquidation of Oregon, had in petitioner's hands "a basis other than a cost basis" within the meaning of section 761 (d) (2), I. R. C.Held, further, the "plus adjustment" computed under section 761 (d) (1), I. R. C., with respect to the stock shares of Los Angeles and Pacific, which shares admittedly had a cost basis in petitioner's hands, is properly to be reflected in petitioner's accumulated earnings and profits account as of July 1, 1945.  Henry W. Howard, Esq., for the petitioner.Robert G. Harless, Esq., for the respondent.  Van Fossan, Judge.  VAN FOSSAN 19 T.C. 32">*33  This case involves deficiencies in income tax, declared value excess-profits tax and excess profits tax, as follows:TaxYear endedDeficiencyJune 30Income1944$ 6,095.0419461,096.05Declared value excess-profits194489.76Excess profits194528,281.23Respondent also determined overassessment in petitioner's 1944 excess profits tax and 1945 income tax.Three issues are presented for our consideration and disposition.1. Whether the petitioner is entitled to deduct as repair expense the sum of $ 37,662.65, incurred in the fiscal year ended June 30, 1946, for the rehabilitation of an old warehouse into a modern plant.19 T.C. 32">*34  2. Whether petitioner is entitled to carry over into its taxable year ended June 30, 1945, any unused excess profits credits of its merged component, Oregon Casket Company, and, if so, the amount thereof.3. Whether the petitioner corporation's "plus adjustment" to its equity invested capital is1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*76  to be computed under the provisions of section 761 (d) (1) or (d) (2) of the Code, and if under section 761 (d) (1), whether such adjustment is to be reflected in earnings and profits on September 1, 1944 or July 1, 1945.FINDINGS OF FACT.This case has been submitted upon a complete stipulation of facts with exhibits attached.  As stipulated, the facts are so found and made a part hereof.The petitioner, California Casket Company, was incorporated under the laws of the State of California on March 26, 1889, and has since continually carried on the business of manufacturing and selling caskets and funeral supplies.  The income tax, excess profits tax and declared value excess-profits tax returns for the period here involved were filed on the accrual basis of accounting with the collector of internal revenue for the first district of California, at San Francisco.On March 2, 1946, the petitioner acquired a building at 2701 16th Street, San Francisco, in exchange for the building in which its plant was located, which building was also in San Francisco.  As a result of the transaction, the petitioner's adjusted cost for the newly acquired building was $ 96,331.87.  The building was an1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*77  old warehouse building, having been constructed about 1908, and petitioner acquired it with the intent and purpose of completely remodeling the structure into a modern manufacturing plant, show rooms, and general offices for the operation of its funeral supply business.The alteration and reconstruction of the building commenced shortly after its acquisition. Very soon thereafter a large crack in the concrete wall at the back of the building was observed.  An investigation by engineers revealed that the crack had been caused by a settling of the foundation which settling was due to the wooden piling under the structure having dry rotted.  This condition was prevalent in varying degrees at different locations throughout the substructure of the building and resulted from a receding of the water level in the immediate vicinity thereof which exposed the top of the pilings to air.  The portion of the piling under the south wing was useless for the purpose to be served and offered no support.  The piling under the remainder of the building, while decayed, was sufficiently sound to continue temporarily maintaining the support of the building without immediate danger of damage to the structure1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*78  itself.  The report, under date of April 3, 1946, of the qualified engineer engaged by petitioner to 19 T.C. 32">*35  conduct the investigation, recommended that the piling under the south wing be replaced forthwith and noted that such work was proceeding at the time the report was being prepared.  The engineer further recommended that the remaining piling, although serviceable at the time of his report, be the subject of a replacement program over the next ten years.  In apparent disregard of the program thus proposed, the contractors for petitioner were given the task of replacing and restoring the entire foundation while the reconstruction and remodeling job was under way.  The total expenditures involved in reconstructing the building amounted to $ 343,754.63.  Of such amount, $ 37,462.65 was expended for structural and foundation repairs.  On its books, petitioner treated the entire expenditures, including that for structural and foundation repairs, as capital cost of the new building, and no part thereof was deducted in its corporation income and excess profits tax returns as repair expense.On June 30, 1944, petitioner had two subsidiary corporations, the Oregon Casket Company (hereinafter1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*79  referred to as Oregon), and Los Angeles Casket Company (hereinafter referred to as Los Angeles).  Oregon, in turn, owned all the stock of another corporation known as the Pacific Coast Casket Company (hereinafter called Pacific).Oregon was incorporated under the laws of the State of California on March 11, 1887; Los Angeles was incorporated under the laws of the State of California on July 2, 1896; and Pacific was incorporated under the laws of the State of Washington on April 2, 1918.  In 1891, petitioner acquired all of the capital stock of Oregon (500 shares) by the issuance of 750 shares of its capital stock to the stockholders of Oregon in exchange for their shares.  At various times during the period 1900 to January 24, 1913, petitioner acquired shares of the capital stock of Los Angeles for cash until, by the latter date, it had acquired 85 per cent of such stock. Oregon acquired all of the stock of Pacific for cash on October 1, 1930.  All of these corporations kept their books of account and filed their Federal income and excess profits tax returns on the basis of the fiscal year ended June 30.Pursuant to an agreement of statutory merger, dated June 30, 1944, petitioner1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*80  merged into itself all of the foregoing three subsidiary corporations, i. e., Oregon, Los Angeles, and Pacific, under the laws of the State of California.  This agreement was acknowledged by the officers of the respective corporations under date of August 7, 1944, and by its terms became effective on August 31, 1944.  At the time of the merger, each corporation was engaged, as a separate legal entity, in the manufacturing and sale of caskets and funeral supplies at San Francisco, Portland, Los Angeles, and Seattle, respectively, 19 T.C. 32">*36  although management and control were common as to all of the corporations, and each had the same officers and board of directors.Oregon filed its Federal income and excess profits tax returns for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944, and for the period July 1, 1944, to August 31, 1944, the effective date of the merger, with the collector of internal revenue for the district of Oregon.  For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1943, Oregon had an unused excess profits credit, computed under the invested capital method, in the amount of $ 50,504.77, none of which was a carry-back to any prior fiscal year.  Oregon also had an unused excess profits credit for1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*81  the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944, exclusive of any carry-over from any preceding fiscal year, in the amount of $ 13,261.24.  It had an excess profits credit for the taxable period July 1, 1944, to August 31, 1944, in the amount of $ 1,943.58, exclusive of any unused carry-overs for the two preceding taxable years.  The unused excess profits credit of Oregon on August 31, 1944, the effective date of the merger, was $ 15,204.82, being the unused excess profits credit carry-over for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944 ($ 13,261.24) plus the amount of excess profits credit which was unused as of the end of the taxable period ended August 31, 1944 ($ 1,943.58).In the notice of deficiency, the Commissioner determined that the petitioner was not entitled to carry over any unused excess profits credit of Oregon, its merged subsidiary, in the computation of its excess profits net income for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1945.As a result of the merger of the subsidiary corporations with the petitioner on August 31, 1944, petitioner became entitled to a "plus adjustment" to its equity invested capital pursuant to section 761 (d) of the Internal Revenue Code.  In his notice of deficiency, 1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*82  the Commissioner determined that the stock held by petitioner in its subsidiary corporations had a cost basis within the meaning of section 761, and that petitioner was entitled to a "plus adjustment" computed under section 761 (d) (1) in the amount of $ 846,594.31, derived as follows:Oregon Casket Co$ 667,741.05Los Angeles Casket Co122,136.16Pacific Coast Casket Co56,717.10The respondent has further determined that the foregoing adjustment is to be reflected in petitioner's accumulated earnings and profits as of July 1, 1945.OPINION.This case presents three issues.  The first involves petitioner's contention that the expenditure made by it during fiscal 1946 for structural and foundation work on the old warehouse which it was reconstructing into a modern plant, represents a repair expense and as such is currently deductible under section 23 (a), Internal 19 T.C. 32">*37  Revenue Code.  11952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*83  Respondent has determined that such work was a part of an over-all plan of rehabilitation and permanent betterment of the entire building and that pursuant to section 24 (a) of the Code 2 the expense thereof is not so deductible.Petitioner does not deny its intent to remodel the building completely into a modern operation.  Nor does it seek to deduct, as repair expense, any of the costs of its original plan for such remodeling. It does contend, however, that, of the above total amount, that portion allocable to the restoration and replacement of the foundation piling, represents a repair expense separate and apart from the over-all project and, as such, is currently deductible.  To support its contention, petitioner cites and relies upon Midland Empire Packing Co., 14 T.C. 635, and American Bemberg Corporation, 10 T.C. 361.We have closely studied the cases so cited by petitioner and have found them to be clearly distinguishable from the case before us.  Both cases involved1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*84  expenses incurred by taxpayers to permit them the continued normal operation of plants which had been used and occupied by them for some years.  In neither case was the expenditure involved made to prepare initially a structure for the operation of a particular business.  Nor was there present any intention to make such structure suitable for new or additional uses.  The present case is different.  Contrary to the above, the petitioner, in the instant proceeding, acquired the building in question with the express intention and purpose of completely renovating and altering it to conform to the specific requirements of petitioner's business.Petitioner embarked upon a program to render the building suitable for occupancy by its business.  This program necessarily included, as an integral part thereof, the making of any incidental repairs and replacements that were needed to achieve the desired end.  It cannot be gainsaid that the work of restoring and reconstructing the foundation piling comes within the foregoing category, and was an incidental but important factor in making the building suitable for the occupancy of petitioner's business.  Prior to the time that at least a portion1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*85  of such work had been done, the building was unsuited for safe use and occupancy by any business.  When reviewed in the proper perspective, the conclusion is inescapable that the work 19 T.C. 32">*38  in question, although not within the original plan, became, when undertaken, incidental to and involved in the greater plan of over-all rehabilitation, remodeling and permanent improvement of the entire property.  Thus, the amount expended therefor is properly to be capitalized rather than deducted currently as a separate repair expense. Ethyl M. Cox, 17 T.C. 1287; Coca-Cola Bottling Works, 19 B. T. A. 1055; Home News Publishing Co., 18 B. T. A. 1008; I. M. Cowell, 18 B. T. A. 997. Respondent is, therefore, affirmed as to this issue.  See Driscoll v. Commissioner, 147 F.2d 493.The next question is whether petitioner is entitled to carry over into its taxable year ended June 30, 1945, any of the unused excess profits credit of its merged component, Oregon.Respondent has denied petitioner the privilege of using any of Oregon's foregoing1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*86  unused excess profits credit as a carry-over into its taxable year ended June 30, 1945.  As his reasons therefor respondent urges that the short 2 months' period between July 1 and August 31, 1944, constitutes a taxable year; that this short period represents Oregon's last taxable year; and that, therefore, petitioner's fiscal year ended June 30, 1945, is not a succeeding taxable year within the meaning of section 710 (c) (3) (B), Internal Revenue Code.  31952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*87 Petitioner, on the other hand, cites and relies upon Stanton Brewery, Inc. v. Commissioner, 176 F.2d 573, reversing 11 T.C. 310, as sole authority for its position that the "taxpayer" referred to in section 710 (c), supra, contemplates and includes the "corporation" into which a once wholly owned subsidiary having unused excess profits credit is absorbed as a result of statutory merger. It argues that to refuse petitioner the advantage of using the unused excess profits carry-over of Oregon is inconsistent with the position in which it finds itself as the legal heir to that subsidiary's liabilities, including 19 T.C. 32">*39  those for income and excess profits taxes; and, further, that such refusal operates to defeat the scheme of equitable relief incorporated into the statute in the form of excess profits credit carry-overs and carry-backs.With all respect for the Court of Appeals, which reversed us in the Stanton case, Chief Judge Learned Hand dissenting, we feel constrained to adhere to the position taken in our decision in that case.  Accordingly, we sustain respondent in his denial to petitioner of the privilege1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*88  of carrying over any part of Oregon's unused excess profits credit into its own taxable year ended June 30, 1945.The final issues involve the proper computation and application of the "plus adjustment" to equity invested capital to which petitioner became entitled as a result of the statutory merger with it of the subsidiary corporations on August 31, 1944.Respondent has determined that the stock held by petitioner in its subsidiary corporations had a cost basis within the meaning of section 761 of the Code.  Accordingly, he has computed the "plus adjustment" under section 761 (d) (1), Internal Revenue Code, 4 in the amount of $ 846,594.31, such adjustment to be reflected in petitioner's accumulated earnings and profits as of July 1, 1945.1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*89  On brief, petitioner acquiesces in the determination of respondent in so far as it relates to the cost basis of the stock of Los Angeles and Pacific in its hands immediately prior to the intercorporate liquidation thereof.  Petitioner assigns as error respondent's determination of a cost basis for the stock in Oregon held by it at that time.  It argues that such stock had a "basis other than a cost basis" and that the "plus adjustment" relative thereto should be computed under section 761 (d) (2) of the Code.  51952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*90 19 T.C. 32">*40   The section here to be construed was added to the Code by the Revenue Act of 1942.  The Senate Finance Committee Report No. 1631, 77th Cong., 2d Sess., issued incident thereto, reads in pertinent part, as follows:Section 761.The amendment made by your committee in section 761 makes numerous technical changes in section 761 of the House bill, and provides certain basic rules for the computation of the adjustment to invested capital.Under section 718 (a) (5) and (b) (4) of existing law, an adjustment is made in equity invested capital in the case of property received by a taxpayer in a complete liquidation under section 112 (b) (6) (other than one to which the provisions of the second sentence of section 113 (a) (15) are applicable) in order to reflect in the invested capital the adjusted basis of the property so received.  Section 761 of the House bill makes (in terms of equity invested capital) substantially the same adjustment, but only in certain cases.  Typical of such cases is the case of property so received with respect to stock of the liquidated corporation having a substituted basis in the hands of the taxpayer by reason of having been acquired by the taxpayer 1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*91  from individual shareholders in exchange for its own stock in a transaction described in section 112 (g) (1) (B) or the corresponding provision of the prior law.  Section 761, as amended by your committee, makes (in terms of adjusted basis) substantially the same adjustment in such cases as is made under existing law.In other cases (typical of which is the case of property so received with respect to stock acquired by the taxpayer in a cash purchase) section 761 of the House bill changes existing law by providing that a very different adjustment in equity invested capital is to be made; namely, (1) the adjusted basis of the property of the liquidated corporation is to be changed as of the time of the acquisition of control of such corporation by the taxpayer so as to reflect in the adjusted basis of such property at such time the price paid for the stock, (2) a recomputation is to be made (using such changed adjusted basis) of the earnings or profits (or deficit in earnings or profits) of the liquidated corporation attributable to such stock, for the period beginning with the acquisition of control by the taxpayer and ending with the liquidation, and (3) after certain technical adjustments, 1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*92  the amount resulting from the recomputation under (2) is to be treated as an increase or decrease in the earnings and profits of the taxpayer.  Section 761, as amended by your committee, makes (in terms of adjusted basis) substantially the same adjustment in such cases.* * * *The above report has appended thereto examples illustrating the proper application of the two subsections here in dispute.  One such example reads, in part, as follows:* * * Corporation P, which owns 5 shares of $ 100 par value of stock of Corporation S acquired at a cost of $ 600 in cash, exchanges shares of its own stock for the remaining 95 shares of stock of Corporation S. The latter stock takes a substituted basis (a basis other than a cost basis) of $ 110 per share in the hands of Corporation P.* * * *Corporation P liquidates Corporation S under the provisions of section 112 (b) (6) of the Internal Revenue Code (an intercorporate liquidation under section 761 (a) (1)).19 T.C. 32">*41  In determining the plus or minus adjustment to the invested capital of Corporation P, it is necessary to make two computations, in view of the special rule contained in section 761 (c), for determining the adjusted basis of 1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*93  property applicable to the shares of stock having a "cost basis."Two illustrative computations dealing, first, with the adjustment pertaining to those stock shares having a "basis other than a cost basis"; and, secondly, that pertaining to those stock shares having a "cost basis" are then set forth.  In the example provided, the computations in each instance showed a "minus adjustment" necessary.  With respect thereto, the report continues, as follows:Under the provisions of section 761 (d) (1) the above "minus adjustment" * * * applicable to stock having a cost basis constitutes a reduction of the earnings and profits account of the parent upon liquidation of the subsidiary -- whereas the "minus adjustment" * * * pertaining to those shares having a substituted basis constitutes an amount "includible in the sum specified in 718 (b)" (section 761 (d) (2)).Thus, for the purposes of determining the adjustment provided in section 761, the statute contemplates that the shares for which property is received in an intercorporate liquidation be treated in two separate classes.  One such class includes those shares having a basis other than a cost basis, i. e., a substituted basis, by reason1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*94  of having previously been acquired by taxpayer prior to 1913 and solely in exchange for its own shares in a tax free transaction such as is described in section 112 (g) (1) (B).  The adjustment with respect thereto is to be computed under section 761 (d) (2), and constitutes an amount includible in equity invested capital "* * * in the sum specified in section 718 (a) * * *." Contrasted is the adjustment to be made with respect to those shares, the basis of which would be represented by what was paid for them.  Typical of such shares are those acquired by the taxpayer in a cash purchase.  Here a very different adjustment is made in that the amount thereof, computed under section 761 (d) (1), effects an increase or decrease in the earnings and profits account of the taxpayer.  See Maloney, "Supplement C," 2 Tax Law Review 231 (December 1946).While the terms "cost basis" and "basis other than a cost basis" are not specifically defined in the statute, the omission has been supplied by the promulgation of definitive regulations under the authority contained in section 761 (g) (1) that "* * * Any determination which is required to be made under this section 1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*95  * * * shall be made in accordance with regulations which shall be prescribed by the Commissioner with the approval of the Secretary * * *." In this connection, Regulations 112, section 35.761-3, provides, in pertinent part, as follows:19 T.C. 32">*42  Determination of Basis of Stock -- Cost Basis or Basis Other Than Cost.  -- (a) Cost basis.  -- In all cases other than those in which the basis of stock is determined to be a basis other than cost under (b) or (c) of this section, the basis of stock shall be determined to be a cost basis.(b) Basis other than cost.  -- Stock in any corporation shall be determined to have a basis other than cost if, as a result of the transaction in which such stock was acquired --(1) The basis of such stock is fixed by reference to the basis of other property previously held by the acquiring corporation, * * *; or(2) The basis of such stock is fixed by reference to its basis in the hands of a preceding owner * * ** * * *Thus, in determining whether petitioner's Oregon stock was held with a "cost basis" or a "basis other than cost" recourse must be had to the 1891 transaction by which the stock was acquired.  The ultimate question1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*96  then to be considered is whether such transaction "* * * was, on the one hand, the equivalent of a purchase for cash, or, on the other, an exchange partaking more of the nature of a tax-free transfer under section 112." See John Simmons Co., 14 T.C. 29, 32.The petitioner, we find, acquired the entire 500 shares of the outstanding capital stock of Oregon in 1891 from individual stockholders thereof in exchange solely for 750 shares of its own capital stock. This acquisition appears to have been made in what would nowadays be classified as a tax free transaction of the type described in section 112 (g) (1) (B).We are of the opinion, therefore, that the Oregon stock, so acquired by petitioner, takes as its basis in petitioner's hands a substituted basis, or a basis other than a cost basis, within the meaning of section 761, and was so held by it immediately preceding the intercorporate liquidation, as the result of which it received all the property and assets of that corporation.  In arriving at such conclusion, we do not believe that we are in conflict with our holding in North Jersey Quarry Co., 13 T.C. 194. None of1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*97  the stock there in controversy had been acquired by the taxpayer in transactions of the type described in section 112 (g) (1) (B), or elsewhere in the Code, as tax free.  Rather, 67 per cent of the stock of the subsidiary corporation involved had been purchased by the taxpayer at an aggregate cost of $ 109,000.  The remaining 33 per cent thereof was acquired in a subsequent transaction in consideration of certain theretofore unissued shares of the taxpayer's stock, which stock was found to have a value at that time of $ 200 per share.  It was there held that the stock of the subsidiary thus acquired had a "cost basis" under Supplement C, arrived at in part by valuation of the taxpayer's stock given in exchange therefor.  As heretofore noted, such is not the case here.  Accordingly, respondent's determination, in so far as it relates to the adjustment to be made with respect to the Oregon shares owned by petitioner, is reversed.19 T.C. 32">*43  There remains for consideration the argument advanced by petitioner regarding the effective date of the adjustments computed in connection with the shares held directly or indirectly by it in its subsidiaries, Los Angeles and Pacific, immediately prior1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*98  to the intercorporate liquidation thereof.  Petitioner has conceded that such had a "cost basis" in its hands at that time and that the "plus adjustment" with respect thereto was properly computed by respondent under section 761 (d) (1).  Nevertheless, petitioner contends that the application of section 761 (d) (1) is not controlled by the limitations of section 718 (a) (4); that, to the contrary, the statute plainly contemplates an adjustment so computed to equity invested capital as of the date following an intercorporate liquidation; and that any other construction thereof does violence to the statutory scheme and could not have been intended by Congress.  We do not agree.The statute in question provides that the adjustment computed thereunder is to be used in computing the earnings and profits of the taxpayer as if on the day following the intercorporate liquidation such taxpayer had realized a recognizable gain or loss in the amount thereof.  Sec. 761 (d) (1), supra.  Gains and losses which are so recognized in computing earnings and profits are included in equity invested capital under section 718 (a) (4), (see Maloney, supra), which section provides for only such inclusion1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*99  of accumulated earnings and profits as of the beginning of a taxable year. Sec. 718 (a) (4), Internal Revenue Code.The legislative history of section 761, moreover, supports the statutory construction sought by respondent.  In its reports attendant upon the deliberations preceding enactment of the statute, Congress repeatedly reiterated that the adjustment computed under section 761 (d) (2) is to effect an increase or decrease in the earnings and profits account of the taxpayer involved.  S. Rept. No. 1631, supra; H. Repts. No. 2333 and No. 2586, 77th Cong., 2d Sess.  That the term "earnings and profits" referred to so repeatedly means those of the current year cannot be doubted.  Had Congress intended otherwise, the adjustment provided would have been made applicable to "accumulated earnings and profits." By its failure to use this latter term more than once in connection with those accumulated earnings and profits of the merged subsidiary attributable to the stock thereof, see H. Rept. No. 2333, supra, Congress left no doubt as to its intentions.Respondent's determination in so far as it relates to the adjustment with respect to the Los Angeles and Pacific stock involved1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 72">*100  is approved.Decision will be entered under Rule 50.  Footnotes1. SEC. 23. DEDUCTIONS FROM GROSS INCOME.In computing net income there shall be allowed as deductions:(a) Expenses.  -- (1) Trade or business expenses.  -- (A) In General.  -- All the ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year in carrying on any trade or business, * * *.↩2. SEC. 24. ITEMS NOT DEDUCTIBLE.(a) General Rule.  -- In computing net income no deduction shall in any case be allowed in respect of -- * * * *(2) Any amount paid out for new buildings or for permanent improvements or betterments made to increase the value of any property or estate;↩3. SEC. 710. IMPOSITION OF TAX.(c) Unused Excess Profits Credit Adjustment.  -- * * * *(3) Amount of unused, excess profits credit carry-back and carry-over. -- * * * *(B) Unused Excess Profits Credit Carry-Over. -- If for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1939, the taxpayer has an unused excess profits credit, such unused excess profits credit shall be an unused excess profits credit carry-over for each of the two succeeding taxable years, except that the carry-over in the case of the second succeeding taxable year shall be the excess, if any, of the amount of such unused excess profits credit over the adjusted excess profits net income for the intervening taxable year computed for such intervening taxable year (i) by determining the unused excess profits credit adjustment without regard to such unused excess profits credit or to any unused excess profits credit carry-back, and (ii) without the deduction of the specific exemption provided in subsection (b) (1).  For the purposes of the preceding sentence, the unused excess profits credit for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1941, shall first be reduced by the sum of the adjusted excess profits net income for each of the two preceding taxable years (computed for each such preceding taxable year (i) by determining the unused excess profits credit adjustment without regard to such unused excess profits credit or to the unused excess profits credit for the succeeding taxable year, and (ii) without the deduction of the specific exemption provided in subsection (b) (1)).↩4. SEC. 761. INVESTED CAPITAL ADJUSTMENT AT THE TIME OF TAX-FREE INTERCORPORATE LIQUIDATIONS.(d) Adjustment of Equity Invested Capital. -- If property is received by the transferee in an intercorporate liquidation, in computing the equity invested capital of the transferee for any day following the completion of such intercorporate liquidation -- (1) with respect to any share of stock in the transferor having in the hands of the transferee, immediately prior to the receipt of any property in such intercorporate liquidation, a basis determined to be a cost basis, the earnings and profits or deficit in earnings and profits of the transferee shall be computed as if on the day following the completion of such intercorporate liquidation the transferee had realized a recognized gain equal to the amount of the plus adjustment in respect of such share, or had sustained a recognized loss equal to the amount of the minus adjustment in respect of such share;↩5. SEC. 761. INVESTED CAPITAL ADJUSTMENT AT THE TIME OF TAX-FREE INTERCORPORATE LIQUIDATIONS.(d) Adjustment of Equity Invested Capital. -- If property is received by the transferee in an intercorporate liquidation, in computing the equity invested capital of the transferee for any day following the completion of such intercorporate liquidation -- * * * *(2) with respect to any share of stock in the transferor having in the hands of the transferee, immediately prior to the receipt of any property in such intercorporate liquidation, a basis determined to be a basis other than a cost basis, there shall be treated as an amount includible in the sum specified in section 718 (a)↩ the amount of the plus adjustment with respect to such share, * * *