Court Opinion

ID: 9904165
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-27 16:22:28.115118+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:21:43.722532
License: Public Domain

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
                      FIFTH DISTRICT

                                  NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
                                  FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
                                  DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED

PROAMPAC HOLDINGS, INC.,

            Appellant,

v.                                       Case No. 5D21-2019
                                         LT Case No. 2019-CA-000787

RCBA NUTRACEUTICALS, LLC
D/B/A RONNIE COLEMAN SIGNATURE
SERIES, WESTERN PACKAGING,
INC. AND POLYFIRST PACKAGING, INC.,

            Appellees.

________________________________/

Opinion filed September 2, 2022

Nonfinal Appeal from the Circuit Court
for Seminole County,
Jessica J. Recksiedler, Judge.

Sara A. Brubaker, Megan Costa
DeLeon and Riya Resheidat, of
Akerman LLP, Orlando, for Appellant.

Miguel Aristizabal and William
R. Clayton, of Clayton Trial
Lawyers, Fort Lauderdale, for
Appellee, RCBA Nutraceuticals,
LLC d/b/a Ronnie Coleman
Signature Series.
No appearance for other appellees.

SASSO, J.

      ProAmpac Holdings, Inc. (“ProAmpac Holdings”) appeals an order

denying its motion to dismiss RCBA Nutraceuticals, LLC’s (“RCBA”)

complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction. We agree that the operative

complaint lacks sufficient allegations to extend long-arm jurisdiction over

ProAmpac Holdings. As a result, we reverse.

                                   FACTS

      RCBA is a Florida limited liability company in the nutritional supplement

business that sells supplements in plastic zipper bags. RCBA purchased the

zipper bags from Western Packaging, Inc. (“Western”), who, RCBA alleges,

then outsourced the manufacturing of the bags. It is the identity of the

manufacturer that gives rise to the personal jurisdiction dispute as to

ProAmpac Holdings.

      The record reflects that Western initially contracted with PolyFirst

Packaging, Inc. (“PolyFirst”) to manufacture the zipper bags. Then, in

September 2017, ProAmpac Holdings acquired PolyFirst. A third entity,

ProAmpac LLC, appears to be affiliated with ProAmpac Holdings, although

ProAmpac Holdings and ProAmpac LLC remain separate and distinct legal

entities.

                                      2
      On March 12, 2019, RCBA filed suit in Seminole County, Florida,

against Western and ProAmpac LLC for damages allegedly caused by

defects in the zipper bags. After an amended complaint, still naming only

Western and ProAmpac LLC, ProAmpac LLC took several actions including

filing a motion to strike/motion to dismiss Western’s cross-claim, a motion to

compel against RCBA, and a stipulation for substitution of counsel.

      Then, on February 19, 2020, counsel for ProAmpac LLC and

ProAmpac Holdings emailed RCBA indicating that PolyFirst was the proper

party defendant, in place of ProAmpac LLC. Ultimately, the parties stipulated

to the substitution of the party defendant from ProAmpac LLC to PolyFirst.

During discovery, RCBA served upon non-party ProAmpac Holdings several

subpoenas duces tecum. ProAmpac Holdings, as a non-party, objected to

and moved to quash the subpoenas.

     After further discovery, and on April 5, 2021, RCBA filed its third

amended complaint, this time naming Western, PolyFirst, and ProAmpac

Holdings as defendants. 1 The third amended complaint identified ProAmpac

Holdings as “a Delaware corporation doing business in Florida.” RCBA

      1
        While the record reflects that counsel for ProAmpac Holdings
accepted service of the third amended complaint on behalf of ProAmpac
Holdings, the parties dispute whether service was accepted via email or at a
deposition.

                                      3
alleged Western and Poly entered into an agreement to defraud RCBA and

that they “solicited and/or approached [RCBA] and offered to manufacture

[the] plastic zipper bags” by offering material and false statements or

promises. RCBA further alleged ProAmpac Holdings joined into the

agreement when it acquired PolyFirst in September 2017 and, by that time,

“Pro assumed and/or affirmatively undertook all of the duties owed to [RCBA]

that were previously owed to [RCBA] by Poly from that date on. From that

date on, Pro, instead of Poly, also continued to manufacture the Zipper Bags

for [RCBA].” It additionally alleged that, beginning in July 2017, the

defendants shipped the zipper bags to RCBA’s packager, Nutrablend, in

New York and to JW Nutritional, LLC, a packager in Texas. Further, “the

Purchase Orders from Poly and later Pro showed the vendor was Pro and

the bags were ‘ship to’ ‘Ronnie Coleman Signature Series’ located in Lake

Mary.”

     On May 5, 2021, ProAmpac Holdings moved to dismiss the third

amended complaint, alleging lack of personal jurisdiction and forum non

conveniens.2 ProAmpac Holdings argued, inter alia, RCBA failed to

     2
       In between the filing of the third amended complaint, when RCBA first
named ProAmpac Holdings as a defendant, and ProAmpac Holding’s motion
to dismiss, ProAmpac Holdings: 1) appeared at a hearing on RCBA’s motion
for sanctions, filed against ProAmpac Holdings when it was a non-party, and

                                     4
sufficiently plead personal jurisdiction over ProAmpac Holdings, failed to

show a general nexus between ProAmpac Holdings and Florida, failed to

show a specific nexus between its claims and Florida, and failed to allege

any tortious actions occurred in Florida. ProAmpac Holdings concluded that

the third amended complaint should be dismissed due to lack of personal

jurisdiction or, alternatively, dismissed for forum non conveniens.

      In response, RCBA argued, inter alia, ProAmpac Holdings waived

personal jurisdiction because it, via its attorney, was served with process in

Florida and actively litigated the lawsuit beginning back in July 2019. It

concluded that the court did have personal jurisdiction over ProAmpac

Holdings, contending that the motion to dismiss “must be defeated because

it is based on declarations that directly contradict sworn deposition testimony

and documents produced by Pro.”

      Ultimately, on July 19, 2021, the court entered an order denying the

motion to dismiss, simply finding that RCBA “has sufficiently refuted the

allegations in [ProAmpac Holdings’] Motion to Dismiss and Declarations to

prove jurisdiction.” This appeal followed.

                                 ANALYSIS

2) sent a letter to the trial court seeking a Stipulated Protective Order
between ProAmpac Holdings, Western, and PolyFirst.

                                      5
      “In Venetian Salami Co. v. Parthenais, 554 So. 2d 499 (Fla. 1989), the

Florida Supreme Court set forth a two-part test to determine whether a

Florida state court has long-arm jurisdiction over a nonresident.” Yarger v.

Convergence Aviation Ltd., 310 So. 3d 1276, 1279 (Fla. 5th DCA 2021). 3

First, the court must determine whether “the complaint alleges sufficient

jurisdictional facts” to bring the action within the ambit of section 48.193,

Florida Statutes, Florida’s long-arm statute. Id. “Second, the court must

determine ‘whether sufficient “minimum contacts” are demonstrated to

satisfy due process requirements.’” Id. (quoting Execu-Tech Bus. Sys., Inc.

v. New Oji Paper Co., 752 So. 2d 582, 584 (Fla. 2000)). “Both prongs must

be satisfied in order to exercise personal jurisdiction over a non-resident

defendant.” Estes v. Rodin, 259 So. 3d 183, 190 (Fla. 3d DCA 2018).

However, if the complaint fails to meet the first part of the test, the inquiry

ends. See Parisi v. Kingston, 314 So. 3d 656, 664 (Fla. 3d DCA 2021) (noting

“Venetian Salami’s burden shifting analysis is triggered, and the parties’

competing affidavits become relevant, only when the operative pleading

adequately alleges a basis for extending long-arm jurisdiction over a non-

resident defendant”).

      3
       We review a trial court’s decision on a motion to dismiss for lack of
personal jurisdiction de novo. Aegis Def. Servs., LLC v. Gilbert, 222 So. 3d
656, 659 (Fla. 5th DCA 2017).

                                      6
      As to the first part of the test, a complaint may establish personal

jurisdiction through allegations demonstrating either specific long-arm

jurisdiction, pursuant to section 48.193(1), or general long-arm jurisdiction,

pursuant to section 48.193(2). Yarger, 310 So. 3d at 1279. We conclude that

the allegations in RCBA’s third amended complaint did not establish either

specific or general jurisdiction. We therefore need not reach the second part

of the test.

      a. Specific Jurisdiction:

      Section 48.193(1)(a) outlines the actions that cause a party to submit

themselves to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state and provides, in

pertinent part:

           A person, whether or not a citizen or resident of this state,
      who personally or through an agent does any of the acts
      enumerated in this subsection thereby submits himself or herself
      and, if he or she is a natural person, his or her personal
      representative to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state for any
      cause of action arising from any of the following acts:

           1. Operating, conducting, engaging in, or carrying on a
      business or business venture in this state or having an office or
      agency in this state.

               2. Committing a tortious act within this state.

               .....

            6. Causing injury to persons or property within this state
      arising out of an act or omission by the defendant outside this
      state, if, at or about the time of the injury, either:

                                          7
            ....

            b. Products, materials, or things processed, serviced, or
      manufactured by the defendant anywhere were used or
      consumed within this state in the ordinary course of commerce,
      trade, or use.

      We analyze each of the above provisions as applied to the operative

complaint as follows.

      As to subsection 48.193(1)(a)1., the parties acknowledge there are

only two allegations within the third amended complaint to support this

provision. First, RCBA alleged ProAmpac Holdings “is a Delaware

corporation doing business in Florida.” But this allegation, standing alone, is

insufficient to plead jurisdiction. Cf. Fasco Controls Corp. v. Goble, 688 So.

2d 1029, 1030 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997) (“The supreme court in Venetian Salami

opined that a plaintiff has the option of pleading the supporting facts or

pleading the language of the statute. This does not include summing up the

statutory language in a phrase . . . not included in the statute such as ‘doing

business.’” (internal citations omitted)).

      The second allegation in the third amended complaint is that “the

Purchase Orders from Poly and later Pro showed the vendor was Pro and

the bags were ‘ship to’ ‘Ronnie Coleman Signature Series’ located in Lake

Mary.” But this allegation also does not save RCBA’s complaint. A careful

                                        8
reading of the operative complaint demonstrates the allegations were that

PolyFirst and ProAmpac Holdings shipped the zipper bags to Nutrablend

Foods (in New York) and to JW Nutritional, LLC (in Texas). There is no

similar language alleging the bags were actually shipped to Florida—only

that a purchase order reflects the “ship to” address was Florida. Further, the

purchase orders attached to the third amended complaint do not reference

ProAmpac Holdings at all, and the only one to show a “ship to” address in

Florida referenced Western, not ProAmpac Holdings. For these reasons, the

complaint does not allege ProAmpac Holdings actually shipped the defective

bags to Florida.

        Without an actual allegation that ProAmpac Holdings shipped the

zipper bags to Florida, or that it conducted any other business in Florida,

RCBA’s mere assertion that ProAmpac Holdings “is a Delaware corporation

doing business in Florida” is insufficient to allege personal jurisdiction. As a

result, RCBA does not satisfy the first jurisdictional prong, and the inquiry

ends.

        As to subsection 48.193(1)(a)2., RCBA’s allegations similarly fall short

of demonstrating that ProAmpac Holdings committed a tortious act within

Florida. This is so because a finding under section 48.193(1)(a)2. requires,

as the statute expressly states, that the tort be committed in Florida. See,

                                        9
e.g., Robinson Helicopter Co. v. Gangapersaud, 47 Fla. L. Weekly D1347,

D1348–49 (Fla. 2d DCA June 22, 2022). And as to both negligence and civil

conspiracy, RCBA has failed to allege that any of the three defendants

committed any tortious act in Florida. Cf. Parisi, 314 So. 3d at 660 (observing

that if any member of the conspiracy “committed tortious acts in Florida in

furtherance of that conspiracy, then all of the conspirators are subject to the

jurisdiction of Florida through its long-arm statute”). Even so, RCBA attempts

to invoke long-arm jurisdiction under this portion of the statute by again

relying on the “ship to” designation in a purchase order, while overlooking

the allegations demonstrating that the bags were actually shipped to

locations other than Florida. And so, because the conduct allegedly giving

rise to the tort occurred outside of Florida, RCBA’s alleged injury suffered in

Florida is insufficient to establish long-arm jurisdiction under this prong. See,

e.g., Thompson v. Doe, 596 So. 2d 1178, 1180 (Fla. 5th DCA 1992) (“This

court has held that the occurrence of injury in Florida standing alone is

insufficient to establish jurisdiction under section 48.193(1)(b) and that part

of a defendant’s tortious conduct must occur in this state.”).

      As to subsection 48.193(1)(a)6., RCBA’s allegations fall short because

this part requires an act or omission by the defendant (who is outside of

Florida) to cause an injury to persons or property within Florida, with

                                       10
economic harm as the only alleged injury being insufficient. See Identigene,

Inc. v. Goff, 774 So. 2d 48, 49 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000) (“[T]here must be

allegations of personal bodily-injury or property damage. Mere allegations of

economic damage will simply not suffice.”). Importantly, to the extent RCBA’s

complaint alleges property damage, it does not allege the damage was to

property within Florida.4 Instead, the complaint alleges the “Zipper Bags

were discovered to be defective at over twelve (12) of Plaintiff’s major

distributors around the world” and at its Nutrablend plant in New York. No

allegations tie anything other than pure economic damage to Florida. Thus,

RCBA’s alleged injury is insufficient to establish long-arm jurisdiction under

this prong.

      b. General Jurisdiction:

      Next, we consider whether RCBA established general jurisdiction. “To

establish general jurisdiction, section 48.193(2) requires a defendant to have

engaged in ‘substantial and not isolated’ activity in this state.” Aegis Def.

Servs., LLC, 222 So. 3d at 659. “Florida courts have defined ‘substantial and

not isolated’ to mean ‘continuous and systematic general business contact

with Florida.’” Id. (quoting Caiazzo v. Am. Royal Arts Corp., 73 So. 3d 245,

      4
       But see Premix-Marbletite Mfg. Corp. v. SKW Chems., Inc., 145 F.
Supp. 2d 1348, 1359 (S.D. Fla. 2001) (“Florida law does not consider
property that the defective product is integrated into to be other property.”).

                                      11
250 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011)). “Continuous and systematic contacts occur where

a nonresident defendant’s activities are ‘extensive and pervasive, in that a

significant portion of the defendant’s business operations or revenue [are]

derived from established commercial relationships in the state’ or where ‘the

defendant continuously solicits and procures substantial sales in Florida.’”

Id. (quoting Trs. of Columbia Univ. v. Ocean World, S.A., 12 So. 3d 788, 793

(Fla. 4th DCA 2009)).

      As to this issue, ProAmpac Holdings properly argues that the third

amended complaint “contains nothing remotely resembling an allegation that

ProAmpac Holdings’ contacts with Florida are so substantial and pervasive

that it is subject to general personal jurisdiction in Florida.” We agree. The

complaint contains no allegations that ProAmpac Holdings has a business

presence in Florida, no allegations that ProAmpac Holdings shipped the

bags to Florida, and no allegations that ProAmpac Holdings interacted with

Florida in any material way. Overall, RCBA did not allege general jurisdiction

under section 48.193(2). By failing to do so, RCBA consequently failed to

establish the first jurisdictional prong.

      c. Waiver:

      Finally, we reject RCBA’s argument that ProAmpac Holdings waived

any objections to personal jurisdiction by virtue of its participation in litigation.

                                         12
Primarily, we do so because RCBA conflates objections ProAmpac Holdings

lodged when it was a non-party, and specifically upon receipt of the

subpoena duces tecum, with actions a party to litigation may take which

would be inconsistent with maintaining an objection to personal jurisdiction.

      Foreign subpoenas are covered by section 92.251, Florida Statutes,

while long-arm jurisdiction is specifically enumerated in section 48.193,

Florida Statutes. Being distinct procedurally, we reject RCBA’s argument that

actions taken in response to receipt of a foreign subpoena necessarily

constitute waiver of personal jurisdiction for a later-filed suit. See CMI, Inc.

v. Ulloa, 73 So. 3d 787, 790 (Fla. 5th DCA 2011) (“The long-arm statute does

not extend the subpoena power of a Florida court to command the in-state

attendance of a non-resident, non-party person or entity, or compel that

person or entity to produce documents.”); Trs. of Columbia Univ., 12 So. 3d

at 795 (“The general rule is that by bringing an action, a plaintiff ‘subjects

itself to the jurisdiction of the court and to such lawful orders which are

thereafter entered with respect to the subject matter of the action.’” (quoting

Palm Beach Towers, Inc. v. Korn, 400 So. 2d 110, 111 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981))).

                                CONCLUSION

      For the reasons stated above, RCBA failed to sufficiently allege facts

showing personal jurisdiction under section 48.193(1)(a)1., 48.193(1)(a)2.,

                                      13
48.193(1)(a)6., and 48.193(2). As a result, RCBA failed to meet the first

prong of the Venetian Salami test, and we therefore do not consider whether

ProAmpac Holdings had requisite minimum contacts under the second

prong. See Yarger, 310 So. 3d at 1281–82 (“Because Convergence failed to

allege sufficient jurisdictional facts to bring the cause of action within the

ambit of Florida’s long-arm statute, we need not address whether Yarger had

sufficient minimum contacts with Florida to satisfy federal due process

requirements.”). We therefore reverse the order denying ProAmpac

Holdings’ motion to dismiss and remand for additional proceedings

consistent with this opinion.

      REVERSE and REMAND for further proceedings.

EVANDER and EISNAUGLE, JJ., concur.

                                     14