Court Opinion

ID: 3028410
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:40:33.418567+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:12:19.004848
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                        FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                ___________

                                No. 01-1752
                                ___________

W.F.M., Inc.;                         *
                                      *
            Plaintiff/Appellant,      *
                                      *
John Does; Jane Does,                 *
                                      * Appeal from the United States
            Plaintiffs,               * District Court for the District
                                      * of Nebraska.
      v.                              *
                                      *
Cherry County, Nebraska;              *
James Van Winkle; Zale                *
Quible; William Ward;                 *
Lila Churchill; Lawrence Turner,      *
                                      *
            Defendants/Appellees.     *
                                 ___________

                           Submitted: November 16, 2001

                               Filed: February 8, 2002
                                ___________

Before BYE, and BEAM, Circuit Judges, and GOLDBERG,1 Judge.
                               ___________

BEAM, Circuit Judge.

      1
       The Honorable Richard W. Goldberg, Judge of the United States Court of
International Trade, sitting by designation.
       Plaintiff-appellant W.F.M., Inc. (WFM) appeals the district court's2 dismissal
of this action. We affirm.

I.    BACKGROUND

        WFM is a Nebraska corporation which is the trustee for several trusts,
including the Evergreen Trust. The Evergreen Trust was assessed with personal
property tax in Cherry County, Nebraska. WFM refused to pay because it argued the
Cherry County Treasurer had "struck" the taxes from the tax rolls in 1994.
Apparently the county treasurer erroneously included WFM's taxes on an annually-
prepared list of taxes to be stricken, simply because there had been no activity for
some time on previously-issued distress warrants (devices used to collect personal
property taxes) which had been returned unpaid. The county board caught the error,
and refused to excuse the taxes. New distress warrants were subsequently issued, and
the taxes were finally collected.

        WFM then filed a multi-count complaint against Cherry County, Nebraska,
two former and three current Cherry County commissioners (appellees) alleging civil
rights violations under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and violations of the Racketeer Influenced
and Corrupt Organizations Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1961et seq. (RICO), arising out of the
unlawful collection of these taxes. WFM theorizes that the taxes should have been
struck from the tax rolls following their inclusion on the county treasurer's list, and
any collection of these taxes thereafter was unlawful. Appellees filed a motion to
dismiss pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), which the district court
granted in part. Following that ruling, only the RICO claims against the individual
defendants remained.

      2
       The Honorable Thomas M. Shanahan, United States District Judge for the
District of Nebraska.

                                         -2-
       After the district court's order dismissing the constitutional claims (but while
the remaining RICO claims were still pending), WFM filed an action against the
county in state court in Cherry County, Nebraska, seeking a refund of the taxes it had
paid, and asserting the same theory of the case as in the concurrent federal petition.
The state court entered summary judgment in favor of the county, concluding the
county board did not act unlawfully in collecting the delinquent taxes.

       Appellees then filed a motion to dismiss the remaining RICO claims in federal
court, claiming issue preclusion. The district court sustained the motion (which it
treated as a motion for summary judgment) and dismissed WFM's case in its entirety
with prejudice. The district court reasoned that WFM was barred by the doctrine of
issue preclusion from relitigating in federal court the issue of whether the county had
unlawfully collected taxes. WFM appeals the district court's earlier grant of the
motion to dismiss and the district court's more recent grant of summary judgment on
the basis of issue preclusion.

II.   DISCUSSION

       With regard to the earlier dismissal of WFM's constitutional claims, we agree
that Nebraska provides meaningful post-payment procedures and, thus, the due
process issue is disposed of by McKesson Corp. v. Division of Alcoholic Beverages
and Tobacco, 496 U.S. 18 (1990). We also agree that WFM has not established a
class from whom it was treated disparately. We therefore affirm the well-reasoned
opinion of the district court dismissing these claims. See 8th Cir. R. 47B.

      With regard to the remaining RICO claims which were dismissed at the
summary judgment stage, WFM first argues that the motion for summary judgment
was made beyond the time set for such motions in the case progression order, and,
therefore, should not have been allowed. However, it was within the district court's
considerable discretion to consider the motion outside of the time set by the case

                                         -3-
progression order. Silberstein v. IRS, 16 F.3d 858, 860 (8th Cir. 1994). The ground
for appellees' summary judgment motion was issue preclusion based on the state court
judgment rendered after the time set for summary judgment motions. Appellees
moved for dismissal in a timely fashion following the state court judgment, and the
district court was within its discretion in considering the matter.

       Likewise, we agree that issue preclusion bars WFM from pursuing RICO
claims against the individual defendants in federal court. Under issue preclusion, also
known as collateral estoppel, "once a court has decided an issue of fact or law
necessary to its judgment, that decision may preclude relitigation of the issue in a suit
on a different cause of action involving a party to the first case." Allen v. McCurry,
449 U.S. 90, 94 (1980). This promotes judicial economy and acts to "relieve parties
of the cost and vexation of multiple lawsuits, conserve judicial resources, and, by
preventing inconsistent decisions, encourage reliance on adjudication." Id.
Deference to prior adjudications includes those of the state courts, and "the scope of
the preclusive effect is governed by the law of the state from which the prior
judgment emerged." Simmons v. O'Brien, 77 F.3d 1093, 1096 (8th Cir. 1996).

       In Nebraska, if the following four factors apply, the issue is given full
preclusive effect: the issue concluded must be identical, it must have been raised and
litigated in the prior action, it must have been material and relevant to the disposition
of the prior action, and the determination made of the issue in the prior action must
have been necessary and essential to the resulting judgment. Westcott v. Crinklaw,
68 F.3d 1073, 1080 (8th Cir. 1995) (citing JED Constr. Co. v. Lilly, 305 N.W.2d 1,
3 (Neb. 1981) and discussing requirements under Nebraska law for issue preclusion).

       All four factors are satisfied in the instant case. In order to establish a RICO
violation against the individual defendants, WFM would have to establish that
appellees unlawfully collected its taxes. The issue of whether appellees unlawfully
collected taxes was raised and litigated in state court, and the negative answer to that

                                          -4-
question was the reason summary judgment was granted in WFM's action in state
court for a tax refund. WFM's argument that the state court judgment was decided
on unrelated procedural grounds is unavailing. A review of the February 22, 2001,
order denying WFM's motion for new trial reveals that the state court reversed its
prior procedural ruling,3 but reaffirmed its holding that there was insufficient
evidence for the county treasurer to "strike" the taxes in question, thus making their
collection lawful and providing grounds for disallowing a refund.

       The ruling that the taxes were lawfully collected was both material and relevant
to the disposition of the state court action for a tax refund and necessary and essential
to the judgment. In order to prevail on the state court action for a tax refund, WFM
would have to show that the taxes were unlawfully collected in the first place.
WFM's theory was, and still is, that the county treasurer directed that the taxes be
struck from the tax rolls, and that any collection thereafter was unlawful. Disposing
of this argument, the District Court for Cherry County stated:

      plaintiff's legal theory depends entirely upon the notion that the treasurer
      made a return triggering the striking of taxes from the tax list. Because
      the treasurer did not make the return as required by law, such striking
      could not, and did not, occur. The plaintiff's cause of action necessarily
      fails.

W.F.M., Inc. v. Cherry County, Neb., No. CI00-21, slip. op. at 4 (Cherry Cty. Dist.
Ct. Sept. 28, 2000). Finally, under Nebraska law, a judgment is final for purposes of
collateral estoppel (or issue preclusion) even though an appeal has been perfected and
is pending. Peterson v. Nebraska Natural Gas Co., 281 N.W.2d 525, 527 (Neb.

      3
       In its first order, the state court alternatively ruled that WFM did not comply
with statutory service requirements contained in Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-1735, in
addition to its ruling that the taxes were not unlawfully collected.

                                          -5-
1979). Thus, the ruling in state court precludes WFM's attempt to pursue this case
in federal court.

III.   CONCLUSION

       We affirm the judgment of the district court.

       A true copy.

             Attest:

                CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

                                         -6-