Court Opinion

ID: 9555095
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-10 19:39:58.281644+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:41:17.195899
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                                   Aug 10, 2023
                                                                                   02:24 PM(CT)
                                                                                    TENNESSEE
                                                                               WORKERS' COMPENSATION
                                                                                  APPEALS BOARD

            TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
               WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD

June Ruggieri                                  )   Docket No.     2020-06-1452
                                               )
v.                                             )   State File No. 37474-2020
                                               )
Amazon.com, LLC, et al.                        )
                                               )
                                               )
Appeal from the Court of Workers’              )
Compensation Claims                            )
Kenneth M. Switzer, Chief Judge                )

                             Affirmed and Certified as Final

This is the second appeal in this matter. The employee alleged a work-related injury to her
right shoulder when she moved a heavy package from a shelf. The employer initially
provided medical care but later denied the claim, asserting the employee failed to give
timely notice of her alleged injury. At an expedited hearing, the employee sought
temporary disability benefits, medical benefits, and attorneys’ fees for the employer’s
alleged wrongful denial of the claim. The trial court determined the employee was likely
to prevail at trial in showing that she provided timely verbal notice, that she had a
reasonable excuse for not providing written notice, and that she suffered an injury arising
primarily out of the employment. The court awarded medical benefits but denied
temporary disability benefits and delayed ruling on her request for attorneys’ fees until a
hearing on the merits and final determination as to the compensability of the claim. In the
first appeal, we affirmed the trial court’s interlocutory order. At trial, the court concluded
the employee had proven by a preponderance of the evidence that her injury arose primarily
out of her employment. The court awarded permanent partial disability benefits, future
medical benefits, mileage reimbursement, payment of past medical bills, and a period of
temporary total disability benefits. The court also awarded attorneys’ fees for the
employee’s attorney’s efforts to enforce the employer’s compliance with the previously
appealed court order. It declined, however, to award attorneys’ fees for the employer’s
alleged wrongful denial of the claim. The employee has appealed. Upon careful
consideration of the record, we affirm the trial court’s decision and certify it as final.

Judge Pele I. Godkin delivered the opinion of the Appeals Board in which Presiding Judge
Timothy W. Conner and Judge Meredith B. Weaver joined.

J. Allen Brown, Nashville, Tennessee, for the employee-appellant, June Ruggieri

                                              1
Kristen Stevenson, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the employer-appellee, Amazon.com, LLC

                              Factual and Procedural Background

        June Ruggieri (“Employee”) worked the night shift at Amazon.com, LLC
(“Employer”), as a package handler. On the evening of May 5, 2020, Employee was
moving a heavy package from a high shelf when it fell and pulled her right arm down,
resulting in an injury to her right shoulder. Employee testified that she “felt the tear” but
continued to work, hoping it would get better. She started work the next evening but left
early due to pain.

       Employee testified that she eventually told a manager about her injury on May 25
and completed a first report of injury for Employer. On the accident form, Employee
indicated “5/25/20” as the date she reported the incident but later clarified that she meant
that was “the day that I filled out the form.” Employee also noted on the form that the
incident occurred on “5/7/20.” 1 Employee was seen at the Skyline Hospital Emergency
Room and testified she was restricted from work until she saw a provider for a follow-up
appointment.

       Thereafter, Employer provided a panel of physicians, and Employee selected Dr.
Harold Nevels as her authorized treating physician. Dr. Nevels evaluated Employee on
June 4, 2020, and diagnosed her with a shoulder sprain, specified it was work related, and
provided a referral to an orthopedist, Dr. Kyle Joyner. Employer did not authorize the
referral or offer a panel of orthopedists; instead, it denied the claim on July 2, asserting
Employee provided a “late report” of injury. Employer also provided a letter to Employee
in which it noted that the denial was based on “medical information secured, the facts of
the accident, and the provisions set forth in the Workers’ Compensation Act.”

        Employee continued working and eventually saw Dr. Joyner on her own in March
2021. Dr. Joyner ordered an MRI, which indicated Employee had a full thickness tear of
the anterior supraspinatus tendon in the right shoulder for which Dr. Joyner recommended
surgical repair. Employee’s counsel subsequently sent a letter to Dr. Joyner requesting his
medical opinion as to whether the right shoulder condition for which he was treating
Employee was “more than 50% related to her on the job injury at [Employer] in May of
2020.” Dr. Joyner checked “[y]es,” explaining the injury was “likely secondary to” the
lifting incident Employee had described.

      Thereafter, Employee filed a request for an expedited hearing in which she sought
temporary disability and medical benefits as well as attorneys’ fees for Employer’s

1
 As we observed in our previous opinion, Employee later testified that this date was an error as she did not
have her calendar with her when filling out the form and that the actual date of her injury was May 5, 2020.
For purposes of this appeal and our decision, this discrepancy is immaterial.
                                                     2
allegedly wrongful denial of her claim. At the expedited hearing, Employee sought an
order compelling Employer to provide medical care with Dr. Joyner as well as payment of
past medical expenses, temporary disability benefits, and attorneys’ fees for the employer’s
alleged wrongful denial of the claim. 2 The trial court concluded that Dr. Joyner’s opinion
was corroborated by Employee’s description of the work accident. In addition, the court
noted that Dr. Nevels was an authorized physician and completed a form at Employer’s
request on which he checked a box characterizing the injury as “work-related.” Stating
that Employer “offered no contrary medical proof,” the court concluded Employee was
“likely to show at a hearing on the merits that she suffered an injury arising primarily from
employment.”

        Following the expedited hearing, the court also determined that Dr. Nevels referred
Employee to Dr. Joyner, noting that Employer “ignored the referrals” and “failed to either
offer a timely panel of orthopedists or authorize treatment with Dr. Joyner.” The court
ordered Employer to provide medical treatment with Dr. Joyner as the authorized
physician. In addition, the court concluded that Employee had not established entitlement
to temporary disability benefits and denied those benefits “at this time.” Finally, the court
held Employee’s request for attorneys’ fees in abeyance, noting that when an employer
denies a claim or refuses to initiate benefits “based on a reasonable interpretation of facts
available to it at the time the claim is denied, even if that denial is later found to be
wrongful, the court should delay an award of attorney’s fees until the litigation has run its
course and there is no longer a question as to the compensability of the claim.” Citing
Travis v. Carter Express, Inc., No. 2018-03-0237, 2019 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS
25, at *14 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. June 24, 2019). On appeal, we affirmed the
trial court’s interlocutory order.

         Following our remand, Dr. Joyner performed a right shoulder surgical repair and
eventually placed Employee at maximum medical improvement in March 2022. Later,
following a pretrial hearing, the trial court noted in a pretrial order that “issues for trial
would be medical causation and permanency, as well as attorney’s fees.” The trial court
also noted in the same order that Employer “no longer plans to raise a notice defense, even
if it is checked as an issue on the dispute certification notice.” Neither party raised an
objection to the court’s statements regarding the issues to be addressed at trial.

       A compensation hearing occurred on February 8, 2023, after which the trial court
issued an order in which it concluded Employee had proven by a preponderance of the
evidence that her shoulder injury arose primarily out of her employment. The court
awarded permanent partial disability benefits, future medical benefits, mileage
reimbursement, payment of past medical bills, and temporary total disability benefits from

2
 At the expedited hearing, the trial court determined Employer had received verbal notice of the incident
on two occasions and concluded Employee was likely to prove at trial she had a reasonable excuse for not
giving written notice within fifteen days as provided in Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-201(a)(1).
                                                   3
May 20 through September 22, 2021. In addition, the court awarded Employee’s counsel
attorneys’ fees for his “efforts to compel [Employer’s] compliance with a court order, but
not for [Employer’s] purported wrongful denial of the claim.” Employee has appealed.

                                   Standard of Review

        The standard we apply in reviewing a trial court’s decision presumes that the court’s
factual findings are correct unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise. See
Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-239(c)(7) (2022). When the trial judge has had the opportunity
to observe a witness’s demeanor and to hear in-court testimony, we give considerable
deference to factual findings made by the trial court. Madden v. Holland Grp. of Tenn.,
Inc., 277 S.W.3d 896, 898 (Tenn. 2009). However, “[n]o similar deference need be
afforded the trial court’s findings based upon documentary evidence.” Goodman v.
Schwarz Paper Co., No. W2016-02594-SC-R3-WC, 2018 Tenn. LEXIS 8, at *6 (Tenn.
Workers’ Comp. Panel Jan. 18, 2018). Similarly, the interpretation and application of
statutes and regulations are questions of law that are reviewed de novo with no presumption
of correctness afforded the trial court’s conclusions. See Mansell v. Bridgestone Firestone
N. Am. Tire, LLC, 417 S.W.3d 393, 399 (Tenn. 2013). We are also mindful of our
obligation to construe the workers’ compensation statutes “fairly, impartially, and in
accordance with basic principles of statutory construction” and in a way that does not favor
either the employee or the employer. Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-116 (2022).

                                          Analysis

         Employee raises four issues in her notice of appeal, which we have consolidated and
restated as: (1) whether she is entitled to additional periods of temporary total disability
benefits; (2) whether she is entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees for the purported wrongful
denial of her claim; and (3) whether she is entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees for work
performed by her attorney from the date of trial through the filing of this appeal and for
prosecution of the appeal and “any subsequent work required at trial court.” In its brief on
appeal, Employer raises four additional issues, including (1) whether the expedited hearing
transcript can be considered on appeal when it was not included in the technical record at
trial; (2) whether Employee waived her claim or failed to prove an entitlement to temporary
disability benefits at the compensation hearing; (3) whether Employee is entitled to
reasonable attorneys’ fees based on an alleged “wrongful denial” when she did not meet
her burden of proving that the denial of the claim was “erroneous, incorrect, or otherwise
inconsistent with the law or facts at the time the denial decision was made”; and (4) whether
Employee’s appeal is frivolous. We elect to address one of Employer’s issues first.

                               Expedited Hearing Transcript

     As an initial matter, Employer contends we cannot consider the arguments
Employee offers based on the expedited hearing transcript because it was not included in

                                              4
the technical record at trial. Employer argues that any and all references Employee cited
to the expedited hearing transcript should be struck and not considered. Specifically,
Employer contends that Employee knew the transcript was not part of the technical record
prior to the compensation hearing and understood it would not be considered by the trial
court in its review of the issues before the court. In addition, Employee did not request
that the transcript be included in the technical record at the compensation hearing and did
not file a motion before or after the transfer of the record to the Appeals Board regarding
inclusion of the expedited hearing transcript in the record on appeal.

        Conversely, Employee asserts the expedited hearing transcript was filed with the
Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims on July 9, 2021, and, as such, it was automatically
part of the trial court’s file. Employee further argues that “[t]estimony filed by one party
with the Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims without objection by the opposing party
is part of the record of the case.” Further, she contends that courts routinely take judicial
notice of testimony heard and exhibits admitted into evidence at prior, in-person hearings.
She asserts that the trial court’s decision, sua sponte, to admit into the record testimony
heard and exhibits admitted into evidence at the expedited hearing in one case, but to
exclude them, sua sponte, in another is “arbitrary and capricious.” Finally, Employee
claims the trial court’s actions violated her right to procedural due process in two ways: (1)
she was denied notice that a filed expedited hearing transcript and interlocutory order
would be “struck from the record”; and (2) the trial court erred in failing to consider
relevant evidence at the compensation hearing. 3

      With respect to the scope of our review of the record on appeal, Tenn. Comp. R.
and Regs. 0800-02-22-.02(1) provides that:

        The parties to an appeal have the responsibility to ensure a complete record
        on appeal. The record on appeal shall consist of: (1) all papers filed in the
        trial court [with certain exceptions]; (2) exhibits; (3) a transcript or statement
        of the evidence, if any; (4) briefs filed before or after the filing of the notice
        of appeal; and (5) any other document(s) designated by a party and approved
        by the court of workers’ compensation claims pertaining to the issues decided
        in that court and pertinent to an issue on appeal.

       At the beginning of the compensation hearing, the trial court stressed that this trial
was “like starting all over.” The court informed both parties that they could not rely on

3
  Prior sworn testimony, even if previously filed with the court in the context of an interlocutory appeal, is
not automatically deemed “evidence” at trial. Instead, consistent with Tennessee Rule of Evidence
804(b)(1) and binding precedent, such prior sworn testimony must be offered into evidence and, if an
objection is raised, deemed admissible by the court. See, e.g., Citadel Invs., Inc. v. White Fox, Inc., No.
M2003-00741-COA-R3-CV, 2005 Tenn. App. LEXIS 292, at *25 (Tenn. Ct. App. May 17, 2005)
(admissibility of prior sworn testimony “depends on whether the statements fall within one of many hearsay
exceptions”).
                                                      5
what was said at the expedited hearing and emphasized that “you’ve got to testify again
just like you are starting all over. That’s the first thing I want [you] to know.” The court
asked both Employer and Employee to consider the exhibits that would be “crucial and
relevant” to the court’s decision on the issues before it, including the transcript of the
expedited hearing. Both Employee and Employer agreed that the transcript did not need
to be included in the record during the following exchange:

       The Court:          All right. Number 6, the expedited hearing transcript, that
                           doesn’t need to be in there.

       Ms. Stevenson:      That doesn’t need to be in there.

       ....

       Mr. Brown:          Having removed all the pages that Ms. Stevenson asked
                           to be removed, I’m left with the phone message, the
                           discharge summary and the alternative C-30A form, and
                           that’s it, just those four pages?

       Ms. Stevenson:      Yes.

       The Court:          Ms. Stevenson, is that right?

       Ms. Stevenson:      That’s correct.

       The Court:          Now, we’re down to four pieces of paper.

       Ms. Stevenson:      That’s correct, Your Honor.

       Mr. Brown:          I agree with all that.

        It is clear from the record that the trial court discussed the expedited hearing
transcript with both parties, and Employee was not only was aware but also agreed that it
would not be included in the technical record. Moreover, it was not made an exhibit at
trial. Thus, to the extent resolution of the issues raised by Employee depends on factual
determinations based on testimony at the expedited hearing, the lack of the expedited
hearing transcript in the record on appeal proves fatal to those claims. It is the duty of the
appellant to prepare a record which conveys a fair, accurate, and complete account of what
has transpired in the trial court with respect to the issues that form the basis of the appeal.
Tenn. R. App. P. 24(a); see also State v. Boling, 840 S.W.2d 944, 951 (Tenn. Ct. Crim.

                                               6
App. 1992). 4 Mere statements of a party or counsel, “which are not appropriate proffers
or not effectively taken as true by the parties, cannot establish what occurred in the trial
court unless supported by evidence in the record.” State v. Thompson, 832 S.W.2d 577,
579 (Tenn. Ct. Crim. App. 1991). Accordingly, testimony from the expedited hearing that
is not part of the technical record at trial, not reiterated during testimony at trial, and not
part of the record on appeal will not be considered for purposes of our review. 5

                                 Temporary Total Disability Benefits

       To qualify for temporary total disability benefits, an employee must establish: (1)
that he or she became disabled from working due to a compensable injury; (2) that there is
a causal connection between the injury and the inability to work; and (3) the duration of
the period of disability. Jones v. Crencor Leasing and Sales, No. 2015-06-0332, 2015 TN
Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 48, at *7 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Dec. 11, 2015)
(citing Simpson v. Satterfield, 564 S.W.2d 953, 955 (Tenn. 1978)). An employee’s
entitlement to temporary total disability benefits ends when the employee either reaches
maximum medical improvement or is able to return to work. See Simpson, 564 S.W.2d at
955 (“Temporary total disability benefits are terminated either by the ability to return to
work or attainment of maximum recovery.”).

        On appeal, Employee asserts she is entitled to three additional periods of temporary
total disability: May 26, 2020, through June 3, 2020; April 25, 2021 through May 19, 2021;
and September 23, 2021 through October 31, 2021. In support of Employee’s claim with
respect to the first time period noted above, Employee references her testimony at trial in
which she stated that she was off for a week following her emergency room visit of May
25, 2020. In addition, Employee testified that after her emergency room visit, the hospital
gave her paperwork that noted she “was not allowed to go to work until after I had seen the
doctor that they assigned me to.” Yet, the records from the Skyline emergency department
admitted into evidence do not include any statement of work restrictions. Thus, there is no
documentary evidence corroborating Employee’s testimony on this issue, and we discern
no error in the trial court’s decision not to award temporary disability benefits for this
period.

      Employee next contends she was unable to work from April 25, 2021 through May
19, 2021. We first note that, at trial, Employee advised the court she was not seeking
temporary partial disability benefits; as a result, Employee has waived any claim she may

4
 Although the Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board is not bound by the Tennessee Rules of Appellate
Procedure, we consider those rules to be instructive. See Yarbrough v. Protective Services Co., No. 2015-
08-0574, 2016 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 3, at *12 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Jan. 25, 2016).
5
  Despite the fact that the transcript from the previous hearing was not made part of the technical record at
trial, the court’s expedited hearing order and our prior opinion affirming that order are part of the record on
appeal and have been considered as they pertain to the issues raised by appellant.
                                                      7
have for those benefits. With respect to the period of April 25 through May 19, Employee
testified at trial that, after Dr. Joyner made his surgical recommendation, she did not
communicate to Employer that she intended to proceed with shoulder surgery. Employee
also testified that she stopped working for Employer around “the last week of April.”
Although she could not identify the specific date, Employee asserted that she did not
voluntarily leave her employment but was “asked to leave.” However, no testimony was
elicited from any witness verifying the date she stopped working. In her brief on appeal,
Employee also asserts Dr. Joyner testified that he “verbally provided Employee restrictions
following the April 20, 2021, appointment wherein the shoulder surgery was
recommended.” However, when questioned with regard to work restrictions following the
April 20 visit, Dr. Joyner testified as follows:

       Q:     Did you place Ms. Ruggieri under any restrictions following the April
              20, 2021, appointment?

       A:     Lets see. At that time, she was still not under workers’ compensation,
              so I don’t believe we did a work-related restriction.

       Q:     What restrictions – what restrictions would you place the patient
              under following that April 20, 2021 appointment? Though they were
              not spelled out in the record, I assume the patient is not free to do
              whatever they want?

       A:     It may vary, but generally however avoid overhead use, limited lifting
              to 5 or 10 pounds. Some of that would be dictated by their level of
              comfort with different activities at the time.

       Q:     And were those –

       A:     – but avoid heavy lifting.

       Q:     Okay. And you would have communicated that to the patient at the
              time of the appointment?

       A:     Yes.

       Q:     It didn’t make it into the record because it was not adjudicated to
              workers’ comp at the time?

       A:     Right.

(Emphasis added.) Here, there are no medical records or testimony from Dr. Joyner
providing specific work restrictions to Employee for this period of time. A provider

                                            8
testifying in hindsight to certain light duty work restrictions he may have provided is not
sufficient to support an award of temporary total disability benefits when there is no
evidence that the employer was aware of any such restrictions at the time or had any
opportunity to accommodate such restrictions.

        In McKim v. Stansell Electric Company, Inc., No. 2022-07-0215, 2023 TN Wrk.
Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 11 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Feb. 22, 2023), the employer
argued that a doctor’s failure to include information regarding the employee’s ability to
work in the medical records she provided to the employer was fatal to a claim for temporary
total disability benefits. Id. at *10-11. In preparation for a hearing, the doctor was sent a
questionnaire asking if the employee would have remained off work from the time she
began treatment until the present date and responded in the affirmative. Id. at *4-5. We
concluded that the doctor’s failure to document work restrictions in her treatment notes
was not, in and of itself, determinative of whether the employee was entitled to temporary
disability benefits. Id. at *11. In doing so, we stated that:

       We are aware of no statutory provision or other binding precedent supporting
       Employer’s view that a treating physician’s delay in addressing work
       restrictions excuses an employer from its obligation to pay temporary
       disability benefits if an employee comes forward with sufficient evidence
       supporting such an award. Although there may be circumstances where a
       delay in obtaining such information could render the evidence less reliable
       or persuasive, it is the trial court’s role to assess and weigh that evidence to
       determine if Employee has met the applicable burden of proof. In this
       instance, we find the evidence does not preponderate against the court’s order
       for the payment of additional temporary disability benefits.

Id. at *13. Thus, the physician in McKim supported the employee’s claim that she was
completely unable to work from the date of her initial appointment to the date the physician
responded to the inquiry, and we affirmed an award of temporary total disability benefits
under those circumstances. Id.

        Here, unlike in McKim, the doctor did not state that Employee would have been
completely unable to work for the relevant period of time; instead, he testified about
general light duty restrictions, dictated by the patient’s level of discomfort, which likely
were communicated to Employee at the time of the appointment but were not documented
in his written report. There is no evidence that this information was communicated to
Employer at the time, and there is no evidence Employer was given any opportunity to
accommodate any restrictions Dr. Joyner discussed with Employee. Finally, the assigning
of the kind of restrictions described by Dr. Joyner may have implicated Employee’s
eligibility for temporary partial disability benefits, but the parties agreed Employee was
not making a claim for any such benefits. Thus, under the circumstances presented here,
we discern no reversible error with regard to this issue.

                                              9
        Finally, Employee claims she is entitled to temporary benefits for the period of
September 23 through October 31, 2021, based on work restrictions put in place by Dr.
Joyner. Dr. Joyner placed Employee on light duty restrictions following her September 22
and October 13, 2021 office visits. These work restrictions remained in place until
Employee’s visit of November 10, 2021. Employee testified that her last day of work for
Employer was during the last week of April 2021, and she obtained a temporary position
at H.E. Parmer that “[m]ust have been in November” following her surgery. Employee
also testified that she would have been able to do accounting work prior to November 2021
but had not obtained such employment. Nevertheless, Employee contends she is entitled
to temporary total disability benefits for the period of lost time between her last day with
Employer and her first day of temporary work with H.E. Parmer. As noted above,
Employee did not assert a claim for temporary partial disability benefits at trial. Further,
Employee was unable to identify the precise dates on which she stopped working for
Employer and began working for H.E. Parmer. Moreover, although she was not employed,
she testified that she was capable of working prior to starting work with H.E. Parmer, which
supports a finding that her temporary disability, if any, was partial and not total. For these
reasons, we conclude Employee failed to meet her burden of proof on the issue of
entitlement to additional temporary total disability benefits, and we find the evidence does
not preponderate against the trial court’s decision not to award such benefits.

                                            Attorneys’ Fees

       Tennessee Code Annotated section 226(d)(1) provides that, to qualify for an award
of additional attorneys’ fees, an employee must show either: (A) that the employer failed
to furnish appropriate medical treatment as provided for in a court order; or (B) that the
employer wrongfully denied the employee’s claim for benefits in circumstances where the
Employer’s decision was deemed erroneous, incorrect, or otherwise inconsistent with the
law or facts. Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-226(d)(1); see also Walls v. United Technologies
Corp., No. 2019-05-0371, 2021 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 27, at *19 (Tenn.
Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Aug. 6, 2021).

        Employee asserts she is entitled to attorneys’ fees because Employer wrongfully
denied her claim initially based “on the grounds of late notice.” 6 In support of Employee’s
argument that counsel is entitled to attorneys’ fees for a wrongful denial of her claim,
Employee asserts she “relied upon the trial court’s representations that notice was not an
issue for the trial” and contends there would have been “substantial proof in the record on
the issue of notice” if the trial court had not announced “for the first time, on the day of
trial, that the prior record of the case and expedited hearing transcript would not be
considered.” As a result, Employee argues her due process rights were violated because
the trial court failed to identify the legal issues for litigation and she “was denied notice

6
  Although Employer had previously amended the dispute certification notice to include notice as a defense,
it confirmed at the pretrial hearing that notice was not going to be raised as a defense at trial.
                                                    10
that a filed expedited hearing transcript and interlocutory order would be struck from the
record and denied consideration by the trial court at a compensation hearing.” 7 However,
while the trial court’s interlocutory order states that Employee provided sufficient evidence
to establish she would likely prevail at trial in proving she had a reasonable excuse for not
providing timely written notice, and we affirmed that finding on appeal, neither we nor the
trial court concluded that she established this fact by a preponderance of the evidence.

        Moreover, the trial court did not conclude at the expedited hearing, and we did not
address in the scope of the first appeal, whether Employer’s decision to deny the claim was
“wrongful” at the time that decision was made. Thus, for purposes of determining whether
there was a wrongful denial based on a notice defense that was later abandoned by
Employer, proof on that issue was required at the compensation hearing. Employee could
have offered the transcript of the earlier hearing into evidence as an exhibit, or she could
have testified to those issues at the compensation hearing. Her assertions that she reported
her accident to certain other employees, who may or may not have had managerial
authority, is insufficient to establish that Employer wrongfully denied her claim at the time
that decision was made. Because the trial court’s earlier decision, and our opinion
affirming the decision, were interlocutory, findings of fact and conclusions of law
contained therein are not binding at a compensation hearing, where the standard of proof
is different. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 54.02(1). Simply put, regardless of whether the transcript of
the interlocutory hearing was included in the record, Employee did not meet her burden of
proving, either at the interlocutory hearing or at the compensation hearing, that Employer’s
denial was wrongful within the meaning of Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-
226(d)(1)(B).

       As stated previously, the trial judge stressed at the beginning of the compensation
hearing that this was a “new trial,” and the court clearly informed both parties that all
necessary proof relevant to the issues at hand would need to be entered into evidence at the
compensation hearing, noting the “proof today has to be at the beginning.” However, at
the beginning of the hearing, Employee emphasized one “very important stipulation, that
notice is no longer being argued as a defense.” The trial court agreed, stating that “notice
[is] not argued as a defense, which was noted in our last status conference order.”
Employer then clarified that while it was “not stipulating notice, but we’re not putting a
defense against it.” The court then entered into its discussion with the parties about
consideration of the technical record and exhibits that would be relevant and “crucial to the
Court’s decision.” During this exchange, both parties agreed that the expedited hearing
transcript would not be included in the technical record for purposes of the compensation
hearing. Of note, Employee made no objection to this exclusion and did not offer the
expedited hearing transcript as an exhibit at trial.

7
 Employee argues she was unable to adequately prepare for trial because of the lack of notice that the
expedited hearing transcript would not be considered by the court on the attorneys’ fee issue.
                                                 11
        At trial, Employee testified that she provided notice to her manager on May 25,
2020. The first report of injury, completed by Employee and dated May 25, 2020, indicates
that the date of injury is May 7, but other proof, including Employee’s testimony, indicate
that it actually occurred on May 5. Both dates are outside the fifteen-day notice deadline
provided by Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-201(a). Accordingly, at the time the
denial decision was made, the only information available to Employer was that the incident
occurred more than fifteen days prior to Employee’s written notice. In its compensation
hearing order, the trial court, in its discretion, concluded that Employee did not provide
proof that Employer had wrongfully denied the claim “at this hearing and on this record.”
As a result, Employee’s request for attorneys’ fees pursuant to section 226(d)(1)(B) was
denied. Based upon the totality of evidence, including the testimony of Employee and
exhibits offered into evidence, we agree that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by
declining to award attorneys’ fees under these circumstances. Consequently, the issue of
post-trial and pre-appeal attorneys’ fees is pretermitted.

                                     Frivolous Appeal

        Finally, Employer asserts that Employee’s appeal is frivolous. A frivolous appeal
is one that is devoid of merit or brought solely for delay. See, e.g., Yarbrough v. Protective
Servs. Co., No. 2015-08-0574, 2016 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 3, at *11 (Tenn.
Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Jan. 25, 2016); see also Burnette v. WestRock, No. 2016-01-
0670, 2017 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 66, at *15 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd.
Oct. 31, 2017) (“Stated another way, a frivolous appeal is one that . . . had no reasonable
chance of succeeding.”). Litigants “should not be required to endure the hassle and
expense of baseless litigation. Nor should appellate courts be required to waste time and
resources on appeals that have no realistic chance of success.” Yarbrough, 2016 TN Wrk.
Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 3, at *10-11 (internal citations omitted). Based on the record
before us, including Employee’s testimony at trial, counsel’s arguments regarding
Employer’s alleged wrongful denial, and his claim for attorneys’ fees, we conclude
Employee’s appeal is not frivolous and decline to award attorneys’ fees or costs.

                                        Conclusion

     For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the decision of the trial court and certify the
compensation order as final. Costs on appeal are taxed to Employee.

                                             12
                 TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
                   WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD

June Ruggieri                                         )      Docket No. 2020-06-1452
                                                      )
v.                                                    )      State File No. 37474-2020
                                                      )
Amazon.com, LLC, et al.                               )
                                                      )
                                                      )
Appeal from the Court of Workers’                     )
Compensation Claims                                   )
Kenneth M. Switzer, Chief Judge                       )

                                   CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Appeals Board’s decision in the referenced
case was sent to the following recipients by the following methods of service on this the 10th day
of August, 2023.

 Name                              Certified   First Class   Via   Via     Sent to:
                                   Mail        Mail          Fax   Email
 J. Allen Brown                                                      X     allen@jallenbrownpllc.com
 Kristen C. Stevenson                                                X     kcstevenson@mijs.com
                                                                           acbrock-dagnan@mijs.com
                                                                           telett@mijs.com
 Kenneth M. Switzer, Chief Judge                                     X     Via Electronic Mail
 Penny Shrum, Clerk, Court of                                        X     penny.patterson-shrum@tn.gov
 Workers’ Compensation Claims

Matthew Keene
Acting Clerk, Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board
220 French Landing Dr., Ste. 1-B
Nashville, TN 37243
Telephone: 615-532-1564
Electronic Mail: WCAppeals.Clerk@tn.gov