Court Opinion

ID: 2919929
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-11 00:49:54.292833+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:21:48.473517
License: Public Domain

NUMBER 13-99-197-CR

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI
____________________________________________________________________

PETE GARCIA,									Appellant,

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,							Appellee.

____________________________________________________________________

On appeal from the 377th District Court of Victoria County,

Texas.

____________________________________________________________________

O P I N I O N

Before Justices Dorsey, Yañez, and Seerden(1)
Opinion by Justice Yañez
	Appellant, Pete Garcia, pleaded guilty to possession with intent to
deliver a controlled substance, a first degree felony.(2)  Pursuant to a plea
agreement, the trial court assessed punishment at thirty years
imprisonment, a $25,000 fine, court costs, $140.00 in restitution, and
suspension of appellant's driver's license.  The punishment assessed
did not exceed the punishment recommended in the plea bargain.  In
a single point of error, appellant contends the trial court erred in
denying his motion to suppress evidence.  We dismiss the appeal for
lack of jurisdiction.

	A confidential informant told police that a woman who delivers
cocaine to the  appellant would be leaving his residence in a large green
automobile carrying a substantial amount of cash derived from the sale
of cocaine to appellant.  The police observed the woman leaving
appellant's residence as described by the informant.  The police stopped
the vehicle on the basis of a traffic violation, obtained consent to search
the vehicle, and found $28,690 in cash inside the woman's purse.  A
canine unit alerted on the purse and certain areas of the car.  Based on
this information, a search warrant was obtained to search appellant's
residence.  The search resulted in the discovery of cocaine, $1,960 in
cash, and numerous weapons.

	Appellant filed a motion to suppress and a suppression hearing
was held on December 12, 1998.  At the conclusion of the hearing, the
trial judge stated he wanted to review the affidavit supporting the
warrant and the applicable law prior to ruling on the motion.  On March
18, 1999,  appellant pleaded guilty pursuant to a plea agreement.      

	Appellant contends the trial court erred in denying the motion to
suppress because the facts alleged in the affidavit supporting the search
warrant and the independent corroboration by the police did not provide
probable cause.

	Before reaching the merits of appellant's claim, we must first
determine whether this Court has jurisdiction to consider the appeal. 
A threshold issue in any case is whether the court has the jurisdiction
to resolve the pending controversy.  State v. Roberts, 940 S.W.2d 655,
657 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996).  Courts will address the question of
jurisdiction sua sponte.  Id.  Unless a court has jurisdiction over a
matter, its actions in the matter are without validity.  Id. at 657 n.2.    

	Where a defendant pleads guilty or nolo contendere with the
benefit of a plea bargain agreement and the punishment assessed does
not exceed the agreed punishment, a defendant's notice of appeal must
comply with the extra-notice requirements of rule 25.2(b)(3) of the
Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure.  Tex. R. App. P. 25.2(b)(3).  In the
present case, because the punishment assessed did not exceed that
recommended by the prosecutor and agreed to by appellant, appellant's
notice of appeal had to satisfy the extra-notice requirements of rule
25.2(b)(3).  Specifically, the notice had to: (1) specify that the appeal is
for a jurisdictional defect; (2) specify that the substance of the appeal
was raised by written motion and ruled on before trial; or (3) state that
the trial court granted permission to appeal.  Id.; See Lyon v. State, 872
S.W.2d 732, 736 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994); Perez v. State, 28 S.W.3d
627, 631 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 2000, no pet.).  Not only must the
specific notice of appeal recite the applicable extra-notice requirements,
the record must substantiate the recitations in the notice of appeal. 
Sherman v. State, 12 S.W.3d 489, 492 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1999, no pet.). 

	As this Court has noted, rule 25.2(b)(3) is a restrictive rule.  Adams
v. State, 911 S.W.2d 171, 172-73 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi) 1995, no
pet.) (construing former rule 40(b)(1)(predecessor of rule 25.2(b)(3)). 
The rule regulates the grounds upon which a defendant can appeal.  Id. 
If the defendant wishes to appeal a matter which is nonjurisdictional in
nature, or which occurred prior to entry of his plea, he must conform to
the requirements of rule 25.2(b)(3), and include the grounds for his
appeal in his notice.  Id. 
	Some courts have held, in certain limited circumstances, that a
notice that substantially complies with the written requirements of rule
25.2(b)(3) is sufficient to invoke an appellate court's jurisdiction over an
appeal.  See Riley v. State, 825 S.W.2d 699, 701 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992)
(construing former rule 40(b)(1));(3)
 see also, e.g., Miller v. State, 11
S.W.3d 345, 347 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, pet. ref'd); but
see, Brunswick v. State, 931 S.W.2d 9, 11 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st
Dist.] 1996, no pet.).  A party may also challenge the voluntariness of
a plea under a general notice of appeal, even though the plea was
pursuant to a plea bargain honored by the trial court.  Flowers v. State,
935 S.W.2d 131, 134 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996); Marshall v. State, 28
S.W.3d 634, 637 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 2000, no pet.); Perez v.
State, 28 S.W.3d 627, 632 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 2000, no pet.). 

	Appellant's notice of appeal does not meet any of the requirements
of rule 25.2(b)(3).  The notice simply states that appellant "gives his
written notice of appeal to the Court of Appeals of the State of Texas
from the judgment of conviction and sentence herein rendered against
him on March 18, 1999."  It does not specify that the appeal is for a
jurisdictional defect, nor does it specify that the substance of the appeal
was raised by written motion and ruled on before trial, or that the trial
court granted permission to appeal.  Thus, appellant filed only a general
notice of appeal, see Lyon, 872 S.W.2d at 736, which is insufficient to
confer jurisdiction on this Court to consider the appeal.  See Tex. R. App.
P. 25.2(b)(3); Davis v. State, 870 S.W.2d 43, 46 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994)
(construing former rule 40(b)(1)).  Because we conclude we lack
jurisdiction to consider this appeal, we dismiss it for want of
jurisdiction. 

	Even if we had jurisdiction, we conclude appellant failed to
preserve any error.  To preserve error for appellate review, an accused
must obtain a ruling on his motion to suppress.  Tex. R. App. P. 33.1
(a)(2)(A); Calloway v. State, 743 S.W.2d 645, 650 (Tex. Crim. App.
1988); Dunavin v. State, 611 S.W.2d 91, 97 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981);
Tuffiash v. State, 948 S.W.2d 873, 876 (Tex. App.--San Antonio 1997,
pet. ref'd).  The record does not indicate that the trial court ever made
a ruling on appellant's motion to suppress.  Although the docket sheet
includes a notation that the motion was denied on January 6, 1999, the
record contains no written order on the motion and reflects no oral
ruling from the bench.  Failure to obtain an adverse ruling on a motion
to suppress fails to preserve any asserted error concerning the
overruling of that motion.  Dunavin, 611 S.W.2d at 97.  Thus, appellant
failed to preserve any error.  See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1 (a)(2)(A); Dunavin,
611 S.W.2d at 97.
 We DISMISS the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.    

 
							LINDA REYNA YAÑEZ

							Justice

Publish.  Tex. R. App. P. 47.3.

Opinion delivered and filed this the

5th day of April, 2001.

1. Retired Chief Justice Robert E. Seerden assigned to this Court by the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas pursuant to Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 74.003
(Vernon 1998).
2. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 481.112(a)(f) (Vernon Supp. 2001).
3. In Riley v. State, 825 S.W.2d 699, 700-01 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992), the
appellant filed a general notice of appeal, but the record also contained a written order
from the trial court expressly granting the appellant permission to appeal and stating
that a suppression motion was raised before trial.  Id.  The court of criminal appeals
held that the trial court's order, combined with the timely filed notice of appeal, was
sufficient to confer jurisdiction on the court of appeals to consider nonjurisdictional
defects.  Id.  In the present case, as discussed below, appellant failed to obtain a
ruling on his motion to suppress.  The record before us thus contains no order signed
by the trial judge granting appellant permission to appeal, nor does it contain any
other evidence potentially raising the issue of substantial compliance; therefore, we
expressly decline to address that issue.