Court Opinion

ID: 43258
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 21:53:54+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:57:22.825350
License: Public Domain

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

             IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                FILED
                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                      ________________________ ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                           AUGUST 3, 2005
                             No. 04-16688                 THOMAS K. KAHN
                         Non-Argument Calendar                CLERK
                       ________________________

                  D. C. Docket No. 03-00925-CV-WSD-1

TIWANDA LOVELACE,

                                                         Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                  versus

DEKALB CENTRAL PROBATION,

                                                          Defendant,

DEKALB COUNTY POLICE DEPARTMENT,

                                                         Defendant-Appellee.

                       ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Northern District of Georgia
                     _________________________

                             (August 3, 2005)

Before BLACK, PRYOR and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:

       Tiwanda Lovelace appeals the district court’s dismissal of her pro se civil

rights action, brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, for failure to state a claim,

Fed.R.Civ.P. (“Rule”) 12(b)(6). For the following reasons, we affirm.

                                        I. Background

       Lovelace filed a § 1983 civil rights complaint against the Dekalb County

Police Department (“Department”), claiming that her due process and equal

protection rights were violated when her probation status as a first offender under

Georgia’s First Offender Act was revoked without notice or a hearing based on her

failure to pay restitution.1 She further alleged that the Department was negligent in

its hiring and supervision of employees for posting incorrect information on the

criminal justice information service.

       The Department moved to dismiss the complaint on the ground that it is not

       1
          Lovelace also named Dekalb County Central Probation (“Probation”) as a defendant.
Conducting the required review under the Prison Litigation Reform Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1915 et seq,
the district court dismissed the claims against Probation as frivolous, determining that the claims
were barred by Eleventh Amendment immunity. At that stage, the court permitted the claims
against the Department to proceed. We review a district court’s dismissal for frivolity under 28
U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(I) for abuse of discretion. Bilal v. Driver, 251 F.3d 1346, 1348 (11th
Cir. 2001). Under Georgia law, Probation is part of the Department of Corrections. O.C.G.A. §
42-8-43.1. Accordingly, the district court was correct to conclude that the claims against
Probation were barred by the Eleventh Amendment. See Miller v. King, 384 F.3d 1248, 1260
(11th Cir. 2004) (holding that claims against the Department of Corrections were barred by
immunity); Stevens v. Gay, 864 F.2d 113, 115 (11th Cir. 1989) (same).

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a legal entity subject to suit, and the district court granted the motion. Lovelace

now appeals.

                               II. Standard of Review

      We review de novo a dismissal pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), applying the same

standard as the district court did. Paradise Drivers, Inc. v. Upmal, 402 F.3d 1087,

1089 (11th Cir. 2005). We do not affirm the dismissal “unless it appears beyond

doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of [her] claim.” Id.

                                    III. Discussion

      The only issue before us is whether the district court was correct to conclude

that the Department is not a legal entity subject to suit under § 1983. The

“capacity to sue or be sued shall be determined by the law of the state in which the

district court is held....” Fed.R.Civ.P. 17(b). Therefore, Georgia law controls here.

The Georgia Supreme Court has explained that: “[i]n every suit there must be a

legal entity as the real plaintiff and the real defendant. This state recognizes only

three classes as legal entities, namely: (1) natural persons; (2) an artificial person (a

corporation); and (3) such quasi-artificial persons as the law recognizes as being

capable to sue.” Georgia Insurers Insolvency Pool v. Elbert County, 368 S.E.2d
500, 502 (Ga. 1988) (quotation omitted).

      We have observed that “[s]heriff’s departments and police departments are

                                            3
not usually considered legal entities subject to suit....” Dean v. Barber, 951 F.2d
1210, 1214 (11th Cir. 1992) (dismissing claim against sheriff’s department because

department was not subject to suit under Alabama law). Other cases within this

Circuit addressing this issue under Georgia law have reached the same conclusion.

See Bunyon v. Burke County, 285 F. Supp. 2d 1310, 1328 (S.D. Ga. 2003)

(dismissing claim against police department, reasoning it was not legal entity

subject to suit), aff’d, – F.3d –, 2004 WL 1936471 (11th Cir. 2004); Shelby v. City

of Atlanta, 578 F. Supp. 1368, 1370 (N.D. Ga. 1984) (concluding that the City of

Atlanta police department is not a proper party defendant because the department is

“merely the vehicle through which the City government fulfills its policing

functions”). Lovelace fails to persuade us to depart from this precedent.

       Accordingly, the district court properly dismissed the claims against the

Department, and we AFFIRM.2

AFFIRMED.

       2
        The district court also concluded that the Department was not served properly. Because
dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) was proper, we need not address that issue.

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