Court Opinion

ID: 9556973
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-21 08:08:13.480629+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:04:50.801344
License: Public Domain

Opinion issued August 15, 2023

                                    In The

                             Court of Appeals
                                   For The

                        First District of Texas
                           ————————————
                            NO. 01-21-00535-CV
                          ———————————
                    ROBERT H. GOODE, JR. Appellant
                                      V.
                     STEPHANIE MCGUIRE, Appellee

                  On Appeal from the Probate Court No. 2
                          Harris County, Texas
                       Trial Court Case No. 468981

                        MEMORANDUM OPINION

     This is the second direct appeal from orders relating to the guardianship of

Lockie Goode. See Goode v. McGuire, No. 01-20-00028-CV, 2021 WL 4432534,

at *1 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Sept. 28, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.)

(affirming appointment of unrelated permanent guardian of person of Lockie
Goode). In this appeal, Robert H. Goode (“Bob”) challenges the probate court’s

order appointing Catherine Wylie as the guardian of the estate of his incapacitated

wife, Lockie Goode. In his first issue, Goode asserts that the order is void for

several reasons, including lack of subject matter and personal jurisdiction, lack of

service, and failure to comply with certain statutory notice provisions. In his

second issue, he asserts that the evidence did not support a finding that he was

unsuitable to serve as guardian of Lockie’s estate. In his third issue, he asserts that

the probate court deprived him of his right to a jury trial on the question of whether

Stephanie McGuire, who had instituted the guardianship proceedings, acted in

good faith and was therefore entitled to attorney’s fees and expenses.

      We affirm.

                                    Background

I.    Prior appeal and guardianship of the person

      In the prior appeal, we detailed the evidence leading up to the imposition of

a guardianship of the person for Lockie. Goode, 2021 WL 4432534, at *1. After

Lockie had begun experiencing memory issues related to Alzheimer’s disease, Bob

left her alone for an extended period while he had back surgery and recuperated at

a senior living facility. Id. Lockie needed help, and she reached out to friends, who,

in turn, contacted her relatives, including her half-sister, Stephanie McGuire. Id.

Lockie temporarily moved out of the marital home because it was unsafe and

                                          2
uninhabitable. Id. Lockie and Bob lived apart for more than six months before

reuniting. Id. at *2.

       McGuire instituted guardianship proceedings, and Bob also sought to be

appointed as her guardian. Id. In December 2019, the probate court appointed an

unrelated person to be the guardian of Lockie’s person, and, after finding that Bob

was “unsuitable to serve as community administrator for Lockie’s estate,” the court

ordered that a management trust be created for Lockie’s benefit instead of

appointing a guardian of Lockie’s estate. Id. at *5.

       Bob appealed the order appointing a permanent guardian of Lockie’s person

and the order creating the management trust. On appeal, we affirmed the order

appointing a guardian of Lockie’s person, but we did not reach the challenge to the

creation of the management trust because, by the time the appeal was briefed for

submission, the probate court had terminated the management trust and appointed

Catherine Wylie to be the temporary guardian of Lockie’s estate, pending contest.1

II.    Guardian of the estate proceedings

       A.     McGuire and Bob file competing applications.

       In late April 2020, McGuire filed an application for appointment of a

guardian of the estate for Lockie. After Bob objected to McGuire’s application,

McGuire also sought appointment of a temporary guardian of the estate pending

1
       See TEX. EST. CODE § 1022.002 (providing that probate court has continuing
       jurisdiction until guardianship is settled or closed).
                                          3
contest. She alleged that Lockie had a one-half community interest in real and

personal property worth about $2 million. McGuire also alleged that Lockie’s son,

Guy Chandler Roberts, supported the appointment of a guardian of Lockie’s estate.

      Bob objected to McGuire’s applications for a permanent and temporary

guardian of Lockie’s estate. He filed a competing application for appointment of a

guardian of Lockie’s estate and, alternatively, sought the use of a less restrictive

option to manage her assets, such as his appointment as community administrator

or placing all the couple’s outstanding assets into a preexisting irrevocable trust.

Bob argued that, if the court appointed a guardian of the estate, it should be him

because he had priority as Lockie’s spouse. In the alternative, Bob asked that his

daughter or Robert Stafford Cooper be appointed guardian of Lockie’s estate. Bob

also demanded a jury.

B.    McGuire asserts that Bob is unsuitable to be guardian of Lockie’s
      estate.

      At a hearing in July 2020, McGuire’s attorney argued that the determination

of whether a person is suitable to serve as a community administrator involved the

same facts and factors as a determination of whether a spouse is disqualified from

serving as guardian of his spouse’s estate. McGuire’s attorney argued that because

the court held a hearing in December 2019 and determined that Bob was not

suitable to serve as a community administrator, no further evidentiary hearing was

needed, and she urged the court to appoint an independent guardian of the estate.

                                         4
She also argued that Bob had failed to respond to a significant amount of discovery

relevant to more recent events. Notably, Bob had not provided her a copy of the

irrevocable trust, despite discovery requests.

C.    The court decides to hold a bench trial due to the COVID-19 pandemic
      and appoints Catherine Wylie temporary guardian of Lockie’s estate.

      The court decided to hold a trial on whether Bob was disqualified from

serving as guardian of Lockie’s estate. The court acknowledged that Bob had

demanded a jury trial, but it noted that because of the Texas Supreme Court’s

COVID-19 pandemic-related orders, there would be no jury trials in September

2020. The court did not set the case for trial, and about a week after the July

hearing, the court appointed Catherine Wylie to serve as temporary guardian of

Lockie’s estate, pending contest.

D.    Discovery, sanctions, and McGuire’s allegations of bad faith

      In January 2021, McGuire sought to compel discovery and obtain sanctions

for discovery abuse. McGuire argued Bob responded to her June 2020 discovery

requests with 900 objections and some responses that McGuire maintained were

inadequate. In her motion, she refuted each of Bob’s objections. The court granted

the motion for sanctions against Bob’s attorneys, finding that they had provided

false information to the court, and the court ordered Bob to comply with

McGuire’s discovery requests.

                                          5
      In early March 2021, McGuire responded to Bob’s amended objection to her

application for appointment of a guardian of Lockie’s estate. She asserted that Bob

had claims adverse to Lockie’s interest, had previously been found to be

disqualified from serving as community administrator, and was incapable of

prudently managing Lockie’s estate. McGuire asserted that Bob: (1) did not accept

Lockie’s lack of mental capacity or inability to make financial decisions,

(2) caused her to change her estate plan, (3) controlled her financial life, (4) did not

timely pay bills, (5) failed to use her assets to pay for her care, (6) used her assets

to pay his legal fees, (7) allowed their properties to fall into serious disrepair,

(8) failed to recognize the danger and financial harm to Lockie of his hoarding

disorder, (9) mismanaged and misapplied Lockie’s assets, (10) failed to deliver

Lockie’s assets to the temporary guardian of Lockie’s estate, (11) failed to comply

with rules and court orders, and (12) had been sanctioned for discovery abuse.

      McGuire did not expressly request attorney’s fees, but she pleaded that Bob

and his attorneys “have not acted in good faith and for just cause” and that Bob had

“acted in bad faith in pursuing his application to be appointed community

administrator.” McGuire prayed for “a final judgment denying [Bob’s] applications

and granting [her] application and for such other relief at law or in equity to which

[she] is entitled.” McGuire filed a traditional motion for summary judgment

                                           6
asserting res judicata as to Bob’s ability to serve as community administrator or as

guardian of Lockie’s estate.

E.    Wylie becomes successor guardian of Lockie’s person and moves her to
      a memory care facility.

      Meanwhile, in late January 2021, the court appointed Wylie as Lockie’s

guardian of the person, succeeding the prior guardian of the person. About two

weeks later, Wylie reported that she had seen Bob and Lockie in their home and

had a “nice” visit. But things changed in the following weeks. On March 10, 2021,

Wylie moved Lockie to a memory care facility after several visits with Bob and

Lockie demonstrated that he was unable to care for her. The next day, Wylie sent a

detailed email to Lockie’s guardian ad litem and counsel for both Bob and

McGuire explaining the reasons for the move.2

2
      In the email, Wylie recounted the reasons why she moved Lockie to a memory
      care facility. These reasons included Bob’s obstinate and difficult behavior over
      the prior several weeks. In late February 2021, Wylie had visited Bob and Lockie.
      At that time, Bob was sick in bed, had soiled the sheets, and was so dehydrated
      that he had difficulty getting out of bed. Bob refused to consent to Wylie calling
      an ambulance or transporting him to the hospital. Because she believed that Bob
      was unable to care for Lockie, Wylie arranged for around-the-clock caregiver
      services. The director of the service that provided the caregivers informed Wylie
      that Bob yelled at and berated the first caregiver who arrived and told her to leave
      before the end of her shift. Several days later, Bob spoke to Wylie and said “nasty
      things” about the caregiver. At that time, Bob told Wylie that the caregiver was in
      the next room, but he refused to let Wylie speak to her. When Wylie immediately
      contacted the director of the service, she learned that Bob had not allowed the
      caregiver into the home that day. Wylie concluded that Bob had lied to her. The
      director of the service also told Wylie that this had happened so frequently with
      Bob that the service would no longer provide caregivers to Lockie. Although
                                           7
F.    Bob nonsuits all his claims related to the guardianship of Lockie’s
      estate.

      On March 23, 2021, not quite two weeks after Lockie moved to the memory

care facility, Bob filed a notice of nonsuit as to everything in his amended

objection to McGuire’s application, including his request to be appointed

community administrator or guardian of Lockie’s estate. Bob also asserted that

McGuire had not pled for affirmative relief from him. McGuire disagreed,

responding that she had a pending bad faith claim against Bob, which was set for a

bench trial on April 5, 2021.

      At a hearing on March 23, 2021, the probate court observed that Bob had

filed a nonsuit and that no order was necessary, saying: “The nonsuit is effective

upon it being filed.” At the hearing, McGuire’s counsel argued that Bob filed the

nonsuit to avoid two motions for summary judgment, one that had been set for

March 25, 2021. Bob’s counsel responded: “We have nonsuited the claims that Mr.

Goode has made in this case. So, effectively, as you stated early on, we would

agree, it takes care of everything for this week.”

      Wylie arranged for a different care company to provide caregivers, Bob’s behavior
      continued, and Wylie began searching for a memory care facility for Lockie.

      According to Wylie, on the day she moved Lockie to a memory care facility, she
      visited the couple with her assistant. Wylie recalled that Bob berated her and that
      she found Lockie in deplorable conditions: both Lockie and the home were filthy.
      McGuire observed human feces on the sheets and floors of the home, and Lockie
      was not properly clothed and was hungry. Wylie took Lockie to get lunch and
      moved her into the memory care facility.
                                           8
      McGuire asked the court to consider her application for appointment of a

permanent guardian of Lockie’s estate on March 25, 2021, at a hearing that had

been set on a motion for summary judgment, which was mooted by Bob’s nonsuit.

McGuire asserted that the appointment of a permanent guardian of Lockie’s estate

was necessary because there was no person with authority over Lockie’s estate

because Wylie was serving as temporary guardian pending contest but there was

no longer a contest. The court asked whether Bob objected to hearing the

application two days later on Thursday, March 25, 2021. Bob’s counsel replied:

“Your Honor, we dismissed our application and our objections. So we–we have–

you know, our–we have no–we’re no longer in this case.” Bob did not object to

moving forward on March 25, and the trial court agreed to hear McGuire’s

application on March 25, 2021.

      G.    Hearing on McGuire’s application for appointment of a
            permanent guardian of Lockie’s estate

      On March 25, 2021, the trial court considered McGuire’s application for

appointment of a permanent guardian of the estate, which was unopposed due to

Bob’s nonsuit. Neither Bob nor his attorney were present. At the end of the

hearing, the court announced its intention to sign an order appointing Wylie as

permanent guardian of Lockie’s estate after the 10-day posting period expired. On

April 12, 2021, after the citation by posting was returned, the court signed the

order appointing Wylie permanent guardian of Lockie’s estate.

                                        9
      H.     Bob seeks a jury trial on McGuire’s bad faith claim, which
             McGuire later nonsuits.

      Two days after the court appointed Wylie permanent guardian of Lockie’s

estate, the court notified counsel for McGuire and for Bob that it would hear

McGuire’s bad faith claim against Bob on April 29, 2021. In response, Bob filed a

document entitled, “Objection to Denial of Constitutional Right to Jury Trial on

Counterclaim for Bad Faith and Motion for Continuance of April 29, 2021 Trial

Setting.” Bob relied on the jury demand that he filed before his nonsuit, and he

sought a continuance to allow the pending matter to be tried to a jury. He also

argued that McGuire had not properly pleaded a bad faith claim because, although

she alleged that he had acted in bad faith, she did not plead for fees or expenses to

be assessed against him.

      McGuire later nonsuited her bad faith claims against Bob and his attorneys.

The record in this case does not include a pleading, notice, or motion that

effectuates a nonsuit of the bad faith claim, but McGuire represented that she

nonsuited the bad faith claim in a bench memo and in comments to the court at the

hearing on her application for attorney’s fees.3

3
      In September 2021, McGuire mentioned the nonsuit in her “Memorandum
      Regarding Robert H. Goode’s Voluntary Nonsuit of His Alleged Right to a Jury
      Trial,” which stated:

             The only issue before the Court at this time is [McGuire’s] request
             for attorneys’ fees that she pled for on April 28, 2020, through her
             Application for Appointment of Permanent Guardian of the Estate
                                          10
      I.    McGuire’s counsel seeks and obtains order for payment of
            attorney’s fees from Lockie’s assets.

      Almost three months after the probate court appointed Wylie permanent

guardian of Lockie’s estate, McGuire filed an application for payment of attorney’s

fees and expenses incurred from December 13, 2019, through June 8, 2021. These

fees were for legal services related to securing a guardian of Lockie’s person and

estate and the intermediate pleadings, discovery, motions, briefing, and hearings.

She asked for a total of $163,172.89, which represented $160,433.25 in fees, plus

$9,969.64 for expenses, less $6,930.00 in discovery sanctions that had previously

been awarded. In her application, McGuire asserted that the fees were reasonable

and necessary and that the results of the legal proceedings were in Lockie’s best

interest. McGuire also asserted that her applications and motions were “filed in

good faith and with probable cause.” And she asked that the fees be paid from

“funds of the guardianship estate of Lockie Goode, assets of Lockie Goode held

and/or managed by Robert H. Goode, Jr. [Bob] and/or the Robert Harding Goode,

            and her July 2, 2021 Application for Payment of Attorney Fees and
            Expenses. . . .
            ....
            And finally, [Bob’s] entire omission of [McGuire] dismissal of her
            bad faith claims against him and his attorneys in this cause makes
            one wonder if he even knows [McGuire] is not asking for anything
            from him. .

      In addition, at a hearing on attorney’s fees on August 19, 2021, McGuire’s counsel
      reminded the probate court that McGuire had withdrawn her bad faith claim
      against Bob and his counsel.
                                          11
Jr. and Lockie Linea Goode Irrevocable Trust.” She attached detailed

contemporaneous billing records to her application.

      Bob, as a beneficiary and trustee of the Robert Harding Goode, Jr. and

Lockie Linnea Goode Irrevocable trust, filed a plea in abatement and objection to

McGuire’s application for payment of fees. He argued that the trust was not part of

the guardianship estate and the trustee had never been served and was not a party

to the proceeding. Aside from this objection to awarding fees from the trust, there

was no other challenge to McGuire’s application for fees: he did not challenge the

amount, whether the fees incurred were necessary and reasonable, whether

McGuire had acted in good faith and with just cause, or whether the fees were

supported by sufficient evidence.

      In August 2021, the probate court held a hearing on McGuire’s application

for attorney’s fees. At the hearing Bob’s counsel argued that he had demanded a

jury trial on fees, but McGuire’s counsel noted that Bob had nonsuited his claims

pertaining to the guardianship and she had nonsuited her bad faith claim against

Bob. On September 1, 2021, the probate court entered an order awarding

McGuire’s counsel legal fees in the amount of $136,000, plus costs and expenses

of $9,969.64, for a total of $145,969.64. The order states that McGuire brought her

application for appointment of a permanent guardian of Lockie’s estate “in good

faith and for just cause.” It also states that the fees and expenses shall be paid

                                        12
“from the funds of the guardianship estate of Lockie L. Goode and/or from assets

of Lockie L. Goode held by Robert H. Goode, Jr. [Bob].” The court intentionally

excluded payment from the irrevocable trust by striking through that language on

the proposed order before signing it.

      On September 7, 2021, Bob filed a notice of appeal from the probate court’s

September 1, 2021 order.

                                        Analysis

      On appeal, Bob raises three issues. In his first issue, he argues that the

April 21, 2021 order appointing Wylie permanent guardian of Lockie’s estate was

void due to lack of subject matter jurisdiction, personal jurisdiction, lack of

service, failure to post, lack of compliance with eight separate statutory notice

provisions, and lack of written waiver of hearing. In his second issue, he argues

that the evidence did not support a finding that he was unsuitable to serve as

guardian of Lockie’s estate, he lacked priority, he waived his right to a jury, or he

waived his right to notice of hearing. In his third issue, he argues that the court

denied his constitutional right to a jury on McGuire’s good faith and her attorney’s

fees and expenses.

      McGuire argues that Bob’s first two issues are waived because he did not

timely file a notice of appeal from the April 12, 2021 order appointing Wylie

permanent guardian of the estate. McGuire also asserts that Bob was not entitled to

                                           13
a jury trial on McGuire’s application for attorney’s fees because his prior demand

for a jury did not survive his nonsuit.

I.    Scope of this appeal

      Because this impacts our jurisdiction, we begin our analysis with McGuire’s

contentions that two of Bob’s issues are waived because he did not file a timely

notice of appeal from the April 2021 order appointing a permanent guardian of

Lockie’s estate. Bob does not directly address the untimeliness of his appeal, but

he repeatedly argues that the April 2021 guardianship order is void and should be

vacated.

      A.     Relevant law

             1.     Direct and collateral attacks

      A party wishing to alter a trial court’s judgment may bring a direct attack on

the judgment. See Austin Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Sierra Club, 495 S.W.2d 878, 881

(Tex. 1973). “A direct attack is a proceeding instituted for the purpose of

correcting the earlier judgment.” Id. A party may directly attack a judgment in the

court that rendered the judgment–for example by motion for new trial or bill of

review–or in an appellate court by filing an appeal. PNS Stores, Inc. v. Rivera, 379

S.W.3d 267, 271 (Tex. 2012); Austin Indep. Sch. Dist., 495 S.W.2d at 881. A party

may directly attack a judgment on the basis of voidness or any other error that

                                          14
probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment. PNS Stores, 379 S.W.3d at

271.

       Unlike a direct attack, a collateral attack does not seek to change the

judgment. Browning v. Prostok, 165 S.W.3d 336, 346 (Tex. 2005). “A collateral

attack is an attempt to avoid the binding force of a judgment in a proceeding not

instituted for the purpose of correcting, modifying, or vacating the judgment, but in

order to obtain some specific relief which the judgment currently stands as a bar

against.” Id. “Collateral attacks on final judgments are generally disallowed

because it is the policy of the law to give finality to the judgments of the courts.”

Id. at 345 (citing Tice v. City of Pasadena, 767 S.W.2d 700, 703 (Tex. 1989)).

Void judgments are an exception to this rule; void judgments may be collaterally

attacked at any time. PNS Stores, 379 S.W.3d at 272. A judgment is void if the

court rendering the judgment had no jurisdiction over the parties, no subject matter

jurisdiction, no jurisdiction to enter the particular judgment, or no capacity to act as

a court. Browning, 165 S.W.3d at 346.

             2.     Time for filing an appeal

       To invoke the jurisdiction of an appellate court, a party must timely file a

notice of appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.1(b) (“The filing of a notice of appeal by

any party invokes the appellate court’s jurisdiction over all parties to the trial

court’s judgment or order appealed from.”); Sweed v. Nye, 323 S.W.3d 873, 874–

                                          15
75 (Tex. 2010) (holding that timely filed notice of appeal invokes appellate court

jurisdiction even when notice of appeal is defective because parties are permitted

to amend notice of appeal). Subject to certain exceptions not relevant in this case,

the “notice of appeal must be filed within 30 days after the judgment is signed.”

TEX. R. APP. P. 26. 1. “After the time to bring a direct attack has expired, a litigant

may only attack a judgment collaterally.” In re Thompson, 569 S.W.3d 169, 172

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2018, no pet.).

             3.     Appeals in guardianship proceedings

      Generally, appeals may be taken only from final judgments. Lehmann v.

Har–Con Corp., 39 S.W.3d 191, 195 (Tex. 2001). But probate proceedings are an

exception to the “one final judgment” rule, because a probate court has continuing

jurisdiction from the time an application for appointment of a guardian is filed until

the guardianship is settled or closed. TEX. EST. CODE § 1022.002; see Lehmann, 39

S.W.3d at 192. At times, the need arises to review “controlling, intermediate

decisions before an error can harm later phases of the proceeding.” De Ayala v.

Mackie, 193 S.W.3d 575, 578 (Tex. 2006) (quoting Logan v. McDaniel, 21 S.W.3d

683, 688 (Tex. App.—Austin 2000, pet. denied)). In probate proceedings,

“multiple judgments final for purposes of appeal can be rendered on certain

discrete issues.” De Ayala, 193 S.W.3d at 578 (quoting Lehmann, 39 S.W.3d at

                                          16
192); see TEX. EST. CODE § 1022.001(c) (“A final order issued by a probate court

is appealable to the court of appeals.”).

      A probate court order is final for the purposes of appeal when “there is an

express statute . . . declaring the phase of the probate proceedings to be final and

appealable.” De Ayala, 193 S.W.3d at 578 (quoting Crowson v. Wakeham, 897

S.W.2d 779, 783 (Tex. 1995)). In the absence of such a statute, a probate court

order is final for the purposes of appeal when it “dispose[s] of all parties or issues

in a particular phase of the proceedings.” De Ayala, 193 S.W.3d at 579; see, e.g.,

In re Phillips, No. 01-14-01004-CV, 2016 WL 3391249, at *1 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] June 16, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (noting that Texas Estates

Code specifically allows a party to appeal from order or judgment appointing

guardian); see also TEX. EST. CODE 1152.001 (“Pending an appeal from an order or

judgment appointing a guardian, the appointee shall continue to: (1) act as

guardian; and (2) prosecute a pending suit in favor of the guardianship.”).

      B.     Notice of appeal

      In his first issue, Bob argues that the April 12, 2021 guardianship order is

void for multiple reasons. He argues that the “[l]ack of jurisdiction mandates

setting aside or vacating the April 12, 2021 order appointing guardian.” In his

second issue, Bob challenges the merits of the April 12, 2021 order. He challenges

sufficiency of the evidence to support the appointment of Wylie instead of himself

                                            17
as guardian of Lockie’s estate. He also challenges the court’s implied finding that

he was unsuitable to serve as Lockie’s guardian despite the statutory priority

afforded to a ward’s spouse. Regarding both of these issues, Bob argues that the

April 12, 2021 order should be vacated.

      Although the trial court signed the order appointing Wylie permanent

guardian of Lockie’s estate on April 12, 2021, Bob did not file his notice of appeal

until 148 days later, on September 7, 2021. Generally, a notice of appeal must be

filed within 30 days after the judgment is signed. TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1. Bob’s

notice of appeal was untimely and did not confer jurisdiction on this court for a

direct appeal from the order appointing Wylie permanent guardian of Lockie’s

estate. We conclude that we lack jurisdiction over a direct appeal from Bob’s first

two issues.

      The notice of appeal was, however, timely as to the September 1, 2021 order

awarding attorney’s fees to McGuire’s attorney. Bob’s third issue addresses this

order, and we will address it.

II.   Collateral attack and voidness of the April 2021 guardianship order

      Both Bob and McGuire devote substantial portions of their briefing to

arguing about whether the April 12, 2021 order is void. In his first issue, Bob

argues that the April 12 guardianship order is void for lack of subject matter

jurisdiction, based on his contention that the probate court did not acquire

                                          18
jurisdiction prior to posting in accordance with the statute. He also asserts that

McGuire failed to comply with statutory notice and service requirements, and that

the court lacked personal jurisdiction.

      McGuire construes Bob’s challenge to the attorney’s fee order of

September 1, 2021 as a collateral attack on the April 12, 2021 order, although Bob

did not argue that the court erred by entering the September 1, 2021 order because

it was based on a void order appointing a permanent guardian of Lockie’s estate.

He argues that the probate court erred by not holding a jury trial on the question of

attorney’s fees. Even if we construed Bob’s brief as presenting a collateral attack

on the April 12, 2021 guardianship order, however, we would find Bob’s

arguments meritless because the probate court had subject matter jurisdiction, as

we will briefly explain.

      A.     Subject matter jurisdiction

      First, Bob challenges the trial court’s subject matter jurisdiction, arguing that

citation by posting is “the beginning of a guardianship,” and alleging that it never

happened in this case. Both contentions are incorrect. First, “[a] guardianship

proceeding begins with ‘the filing of the application for the appointment of a

guardian of the estate or person, or both.’” Guardianship of Fairley, 650 S.W.3d

372, 381 (Tex. 2022) (quoting TEX. EST. CODE § 1022.002(d)). Accordingly, the

probate court acquired subject matter jurisdiction over this guardianship

                                          19
proceeding when McGuire filed her first application for guardianship. See Fairley,

650 S.W.3d at 381.

      B.     Personal jurisdiction

      Next, Bob contends that he was not personally served. A judgment may be

challenged as void through a collateral attack when a failure to establish personal

jurisdiction violates due process. PNS Stores, 379 S.W.3d at 272–73. Here, due

process was not violated because the record shows that Lockie, then the proposed

ward, was served with citation and that Bob appeared generally in the guardianship

proceedings, objecting to McGuire’s application for guardianship of Lockie’s

estate and seeking appointment as guardian of her estate until he nonsuited his

claims. A party waives any challenge to personal jurisdiction by making a general

appearance in the case or by failing to timely object to the court’s jurisdiction. See

Fairley, 650 S.W.3d at 386 (holding that ward made general appearance through

attorney ad litem, waiving any challenge to personal jurisdiction); Phillips, 2016

WL 3391249, at *5 (“A party making a general appearance in a guardianship

proceeding is not required to be served with citation.”); Trenz v. Peter Paul

Petroleum Co., 388 S.W.3d 796, 800 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, no

pet.). Bob has waived any challenge to the court’s personal jurisdiction over him.

                                         20
      C.    Notice of trial

      Bob contends he did not receive proper notice of the March 25, 2021 “trial”

on McGuire’s application for a guardian of Lockie’s estate. Bob’s counsel was

present at the March 23 hearing, during which the court decided to consider

McGuire’s application for appointment of a permanent guardian of Lockie’s estate

on March 25 at a hearing on a motion that had been mooted by Bob’s nonsuit. The

court noted that Bob’s nonsuit was effective. Bob was no longer contesting

Wylie’s appointment as permanent guardian of the estate. The probate court asked

Bob’s counsel if she had any objection to considering McGuire’s application on

March 25. Bob did not object to moving forward on March 25, and the trial court

agreed to hear McGuire’s application on March 25. Bob had actual notice of the

trial through his attorney, who affirmatively waived any complaint to proceeding

to trial on March 25, 2021.

      D.    Citation by posting

      Bob asserts that citation by posting in accordance with the Estates Code was

never accomplished, but the trial court ensured that the citation by posting was

returned before signing the order appointing Wylie permanent guardian of

Lockie’s estate. The court stated on the record on March 25, 2021 that it was

inclined to appoint Wylie, who had been serving as temporary guardian of

Lockie’s estate and permanent guardian of her person, to be permanent guardian of

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Lockie’s estate. But the court did not sign the order appointing Wylie permanent

guardian of Lockie’s estate until after the return of the citation by posting had been

received.

      E.     Failure to notify adult siblings

      Bob argues that statutory provisions requiring notice to Lockie’s siblings

were not followed. But failure to serve an adult sibling of a proposed ward is not a

jurisdictional defect. See Phillips, 2016 WL 3391249, at *5. Bob cannot bring this

challenge by a collateral attack.

      F.     Sworn affidavit regarding compliance with notice

      Bob argues that a sworn affidavit regarding compliance with statutory

requirements was never filed. See TEX. EST. CODE 1051.104(b). To support this

argument on appeal, Bob directs us to “Supp CR 1. (Index of base file from April

28,2020 through December 2021).” The appellate record in this court includes a

two-volume clerk’s record filed November 23, 2021 and a 24-volume clerk’s

record filed November 29, 2021, which consists of volumes numbered 1-8 with

volumes 3 and 6 each consisting of 9 parts. Each of the 26 volumes of clerk’s

records includes an index of what is in that particular volume, but no “index of the

base file from April 28, 2020 through December 2021” appears in the appellate

record. We need not determine whether Bob could bring this challenge collaterally

because these contentions are inadequately briefed in that he has failed to support

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this argument with appropriate citations to the record. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1;

Phillips, 2016 WL 3391249, at *5 (“[A]n appellant bears the burden to bring

forward an appellate record that enables the appellate court to determine whether

appellant's complaints constitute reversible error”).

                                        ***

       Having explained why Bob’s direct attacks on the April 2021 order are

waived and his collateral attacks are unavailing, we overrule Bob’s first two issues

on appeal.

III.   Lack of jury trial on McGuire’s attorney’s fees

       On August 19, 2021, the probate court held a hearing on McGuire’s

attorney’s application for fees. In his third issue, Bob argues that the trial court

erred by conducting this hearing only to the bench instead of having a jury trial on

the question of attorney’s fees. Bob argues that he filed a jury demand and objected

to the lack of a jury at the August 19, 2021 hearing.

       Bob filed his jury demand on May 28, 2020, two days after he filed his

objection to McGuire’s application for appointment of a guardian of Lockie’s

estate. On March 23, 2021, Bob filed a nonsuit of all his claims and contentions

relating to the guardian of the estate proceeding.

       “When a party nonsuits a legal action, the parties are put back in the same

positions as before the filing of the suit.” Hagberg v. City of Pasadena, 224

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S.W.3d 477, 484 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.); accord

Waterman Steamship Corp. v. Ruiz, 355 S.W.3d 387, 399 (Tex. App.—Houston

[1st Dist.] 2011, pet. denied); Parker v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, 95 S.W.3d 428,

432 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.); see also Crofts v. Courts of

Civil Appeals for the Eighth Supreme Judicial Dist., 362 S.W.2d 101, 104 (Tex.

1962) (noting that dismissal of suit “places the parties in the position that they

were in before the court's jurisdiction was invoked just as if the suit had never been

brought”). Bob’s March 2021 nonsuit was effective when filed, and it put the

parties in the positions they held before he filed his objection to McGuire’s

application and competing application for appointment as the guardian of Lockie’s

estate. That is, McGuire had a pending application for appointment of a permanent

guardian of Lockie’s estate, and Bob had no objections, no competing application,

and no jury demand.

      Bob did not oppose McGuire’s attorney’s fees application except to the

extent it asked for fees to be paid from the irrevocable trust. The court did not

order any payments to come from the irrevocable trust. And at the hearing in

August 2021, Bob’s counsel objected to the hearing proceeding without a jury to

determine the amount of attorney’s fees.

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      We hold that Bob was not entitled to a jury trial regarding the amount of fees

and costs awarded to McGuire’s attorney because he had no jury demand on file

and he had not challenged the application for fees. We overrule Bob’s third issue.

                                   Conclusion

      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                             Peter Kelly
                                             Justice

Panel consists of Justices Kelly, Hightower, and Countiss.

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