Court Opinion

ID: 4634806
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-21 03:16:48.046268+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:58:16.827583
License: Public Domain

THE COMMODORE, INC., PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.The Commodore, Inc. v. CommissionerDocket Nos. 102997, 103633.United States Board of Tax Appeals46 B.T.A. 718; 1942 BTA LEXIS 827; March 19, 1942, Promulgated 1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*827  1.  The petitioner in 1936 was the transferee of the assets of another corporation in reorganization under section 77B of the Bankruptcy Act, and the basis for depreciation of such assets in petitioner's hands is determined by reference to the transferor's basis.  Held, the basis may not be reduced, in the years ended June 30, 1937, and June 30, 1938, by the amount of indebtedness of the transferor canceled in the reorganization because section 270 of the National Bankruptcy Act, effective September 22, 1938, has only prospective operation.  2.  Held, on the facts, the cost of replacing a portion of the cornice of a building blown off by wind was a deductible business expense and not a capital expenditure.  Gardner Abbott, Esq., for the petitioner.  Walter W. Kerr, Esq., for the respondent.  SMITH 46 B.T.A. 718">*719  These proceedings, consolidated for hearing, are for the redetermination of deficiencies in income and excess profits taxes as follows: Docket No.Year endedIncome taxExcess profits tax102997June 30, 1937$10,445.89103633June 30, 19387,502.52$734.19The issues are (1) whether the basis of petitioner's1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*828  property for the purposes of depreciation should be reduced by the amount of an indebtedness canceled in a reorganization under section 77B of the National Bankruptcy Act, and (2) whether the cost of replacing a damaged cornice on the petitioner's building is deductible as an ordinary and necessary business expense.  FINDINGS OF FACT.  The petitioner is an Ohio corporation, with its principal office in Cleveland, Ohio.  Its returns for the taxable years were filed with the collector of internal revenue for the eighteenth district of Ohio.  The petitioner's sole activity is the operation of an apartment hotel which it owns in Cleveland.  The building is located on property leased by the petitioner for a term of 99 years, renewable forever.  The property on which the hotel is located was originally owned by the Commodore Improvement Co., hereinafter referred to as the Improvement Co.  On February 1, 1923, the Improvement Co. executed a first mortgage indenture with the Cleveland Trust Co., of Cleveland, as trustee, securing an issue of $1,000,000 of first mortgage leasehold 7 percent gold bonds, due serially up to and including February 1, 1935.  The Improvement Co. also executed1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*829  a second mortgage indenture securing bonds in the principal amount of $400,000.  In 1926 it defaulted in payments due under the second mortgage and foreclosure proceedings were instituted.  The hotel property was sold in the course of these proceedings at a sheriff's sale to the Northwest Corner Co., hereinafter referred to as the Northwest Co., which assumed liability to pay the first mortgage leasehold bonds.  In 1927 the Northwest Co. executed and delivered its promissory note in the amount of $1,000,000, payable to the Union Mortgage Co., hereinafter referred to as the Union Co., secured by a second mortgage lien upon the property, subordinate to the mortgage securing the first mortgage leasehold bonds and certain chattel mortgages.  In 46 B.T.A. 718">*720  1928 the Union Co., which was the sole stockholder of the Northwest Co., was placed in receivership and ancillary to those proceedings a receiver was also appointed for the Northwest Co.  In 1928 the Northwest Co. defaulted in payments of principal required by the first mortgage indenture and in 1933 and 1934 it defaulted in the payment of interest on the first mortgage bonds.  A bondholders' committee was organized to protect the1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*830  interests of the first mortgage bondholders.  At the request of this committee the Cleveland Trust Co., as trustee, intervened in the receivership proceedings which had been instituted in 1928 and pursuant to court order filed a petition to foreclose the mortgage lien securing the first mortgage bonds.  On December 31, 1935, the members of the bondholders' committee filed their petition in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio for the reorganization of the Northwest Co. in accordance with the provisions of section 77B of the National Bankruptcy Act.  The petition was duly approved and a trustee was appointed by the court to operate and conserve the property of the company.  At the time the petition for reorganization was filed there was outstanding and unpaid $930,000 principal amount of the first mortgage leasehold bonds and there were due and owing on the second mortgage note from the Northwest Co. to the Union Co. the principal amount of $678,967.48 and accrued interest on the second mortgage note in the amount of $335,272.98.  The court found in the course of the reorganization proceedings that the fair market value of the entire assets of the Northwest1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*831  Co. which were then transferred to The Commodore, Inc., was $806,167.  A plan of reorganization was filed with the petition in the reorganization proceedings.  It was duly approved and carried out.  The plan was completely put into effect by September 17, 1936.  Under the plan this petitioner, The Commodore, Inc., was organized with authority to issue 9,300 shares of common stock of no par value, to be distributed to the holders of the first mortgage leasehold bonds at the ratio of 10 shares of stock for each $1,000 principal amount of bonds.  The hotel property was conveyed to the petitioner free and clear of all liens and encumbrances except certain indebtedness incurred by the receiver in the purchase of equipment.  Indebtedness of the Northwest Co. in the amount of $1,014,240.46 was canceled.  That amount represented $678,967.48 principal amount owing on the second mortgage note and $335,272.98 interest accrued on the second mortgage note.  The petitioner duly issued its stock to the Northwest Co. and its trustee, and the latter transferred a certificate for the stock to the trustee for the bondholders for distribution to the bondholders.  46 B.T.A. 718">*721  In the taxable year beginning1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*832  July 1, 1936, petitioner used a substituted basis for depreciation upon the hotel building of $1,223,689.64.  Upon this basis petitioner computed depreciation at the rate of 3 percent per annum on an estimated remaining life of 33 1/3 years.  The depreciation thus computed and claimed as a deduction in each of the taxable years was in the amount of $48,536.64.  Respondent accepted the substituted basis used by petitioner, but reduced it to $544,722.16 by deducting from it the principal amount of the second mortgage indebtedness canceled in the reorganization proceedings.  Respondent then computed depreciation at the rate of 2.7 percent per annum on the remaining portion of an original 50-year life.  On the adjusted basis and rate respondent has determined that the depreciation allowable to petitioner in each taxable year is $14,707.50.  The cornice on three corners of the hotel building was originally composed of decorative stone blocks.  During a windstorm in the taxable year ended June 30, 1938, several of these blocks were blown off the building and others were loosened.  The city of Cleveland ordered the petitioner to remove the rest of the stone blocks because they were unsafe. 1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*833  The petitioner repaired the damage by substituting copper sheeting in place of the stone blocks at a total cost of $7,100.  The cost to the petitioner over the amount received as proceeds of an insurance policy covering the damage to the cornice was $5,248.  The copper cornice did not appreciably increase the value of the building or increase its life.  OPINION.  SMITH: The respondent has determined that the basis of petitioner's property for the purpose of depreciation allowances is the basis of its predecessor, the Northwest Co., reduced by the second mortgage indebtedness in the amount of $678,967.48 which was canceled in the reorganization proceedings under section 77B of the National Bankruptcy Act.  In so holding the respondent relies upon section 270 of chapter 10 of the National Bankruptcy Act, effective September 22, 1938, which provides as follows: SEC. 270.  In determining the basis of property for any purposes of any law of the United States or of a State imposing a tax upon income, the basis of the debtor's property (other than money) or of such property (other than money) as is transferred to any person required to use the debtor's basis in whole or in part shall1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*834  be decreased by an amount equal to the amount by which the indebtedness of the debtor, not including accrued interest unpaid and not resulting in a tax benefit on any income tax return, has been canceled or reduced in a proceeding under this chapter.  The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, which the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, shall prescribe such regulations as he may deem necessary in order to reflect such decrease 46 B.T.A. 718">*722  in basis for Federal income-tax purposes and otherwise carry into effect the purposes of this section.  The petitioner argues that the respondent erred because (1) section 270 can not be applied retroactively to cover this case, and (2) if it could be so applied the 1940 amendment to the section is equally retroactive.  That amendment, which was enacted on July 1, 1940, provides that the basis of properties in the hands of the transferee of the debtor in the reorganization proceedings may not be reduced below the fair market value of the property at the date of the reorganization.  The petitioner contends that the fair market value of the property at the date of the reorganization was not less than $806,000 so that even if section 270, as amended, 1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*835  is applied the respondent's determination is incorrect because it reduces the basis of the property in petitioner's hands below $806,000.  No allegation of error is made with respect to respondent's adjustment of petitioner's rate of depreciation.  A preliminary question to be decided is whether there was in fact a reorganization in the year 1936 within the meaning of section 112(g)(1) of the Revenue Act of 1936 so that petitioner is required by the provisions of section 113(a)(7) to use the basis of its predecessor, the debtor in the bankruptcy proceedings, for the purpose of computing depreciation allowances.  The respondent concedes that there was a reorganization within the meaning of the statute and this concession is entirely correct on the evidence.  The petitioner received all of the assets of the Northwest Co. in exchange solely for its voting stock, which was then transferred by the Northwest Co. to the trustee under the indenture securing the first mortgage leasehold bonds.  At the time of the reorganization the first mortgage bondholders were the sole owners of the equity in the properties of the Northwest Co.  The transaction was plainly a "reorganization" as defined1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*836  by section 112(g)(1)(B) of the Revenue Act of 1936 - "the acquisition by one corporation in exchange solely for all or a part of its voting stock; * * * of substantially all the properties of another corporation." Cf. , with . The question remaining for our consideration is whether the petitioner is entitled to use the basis of the transferor company for the property, unadjusted by the amount of the second mortgage principal indebtedness which was canceled in the proceedings under section 77B.  The petitioner must prevail unless section 270 of the 1938 amendment of the National Bankruptcy Act may be applied retroactively to reduce the basis or property for depreciation in taxable years prior to its effective date.  We do not have before us the 46 B.T.A. 718">*723  question whether in years following the enactment of section 270 the basis of petitioner's property is to be reduced.  It is a fundamental rule of construction that a statute will not be applied retroactively unless that clearly appears to be its purpose.  1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*837 ; ; . The Senate Judiciary Committee reported as follows with regard to section 270: Sections 268, 269, and 270 are intended to preclude tax assessments resulting from the scaling of indebtedness on the basis of a write-down in the valuation of a debtor's assets, without an actual sale or exchange of such assets.  Section 270 avoids the possibility of any double deduction.  Where debt forgiveness, resulting from a debt readjustment, is exempt from the tax upon income or profit, the cost of the property dealt with by the settlement is to be decreased, for future tax purposes, by an amount equal to the amount of the indebtedness cancelled or reduced in the proceeding.  [S.R. No. 1916, 75th Cong., 3d sess., p. 39.] [Emphasis supplied.] It is clear that section 270 itself has only prospective operation.  There is no language in the section to indicate an intention that it should affect prior years.  The reference to "future tax purposes" in the Senate Committee report rules out entirely the possibility of1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*838  retroactive application.  Section 270 refers only to reductions of indebtedness in proceedings under "this chapter," viz., chapter 10, enacted in 1938, and therefore the section is not by its terms applicable to property which was transferred in the course of proceedings under section 77B.  Thus, section 270 in itself does not support the respondent's determination.  It may be argued that section 276 c lends support to the respondent.  The respondent does not mention section 276 on brief but the point is worthy of consideration.  Section 276 c provides in material part as follows: c.  the provisions of sections 77A and 77B of chapter VIII, as amended, of the Act entitled "An Act to establish a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United States," approved July 1, 1898, shall continue in full force and effect with respect to proceedings pending under those sections upon the effective date of this amendatory Act, except that - * * * (3) sections 268 and 270 of this Act shall apply to any plan confirmed under section 77B before the effective date of this amendatory Act and to any plan which may be confirmed under section 77B on and after such effective date, except that1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*839  the exemption provided by section 268 of this Act may be disallowed if it shall be made to appear that any such plan had for one of its principal purposes the avoidance of income taxes, and except further that where such plan has not been confirmed on and after such effective date, section 269 of this Act shall apply where practicable and expedient.  The purpose of section 276 was to keep section 77B operative, with certain exceptions, with respect to proceedings pending under section 77B on the effective date of the 1938 amendment of the National 46 B.T.A. 718">*724  Bankruptcy Act.  S.R. No. 1916, 75th Cong., 3d sess., supra. There is nothing in the language of this section which requires section 270 to be applied so as to reduce the basis of the property during taxable years prior to 1938.  When read in connection with the other subdivisions of section 276, it is clear that subdivision (c) simply extends the prospective operation of section 270 to properties which were transferred in the course of a section 77B reorganization which occurred prior to September 22, 1938, since section 270 does not otherwise cover such properties.  The petitioner's contention is therefore sustained.  The1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*840  respondent's reduction of the basis of the petitioner's depreciable property by the amount of the second mortgage indebtedness which was canceled in the course of the proceeding under the bankruptcy act was erroneous.  The second issue presented for our consideration is whether the cost of replacing a portion of the cornice of the petitioner's building is a deductible expense.  The original decorative stone work on three corners of the hotel was found to be in an unsafe condition after a storm and was completely removed.  In its place the petitioner installed copper sheeting at a net cost of $5,248.  The petitioner deducted that amount as an ordinary and necessary business expense in computing its income for the taxable year ended June 30, 1938.  The respondent disallowed the deduction, claiming that the outlay was a capital expenditure recoverable only through depreciation.  We are satisfied on the evidence that the copper sheeting installed merely kept the building in ordinary operating condition and did not materially add to its value or prolong its life.  Under such circumstances the expenditure is deductible as an ordinary and necessary business expense.  1942 BTA LEXIS 827">*841 ; art. 23(a)-4, Regulations 94. Decisions will be entered under Rule 50.