Court Opinion

ID: 4202850
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-09-13 00:00:59.93672+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:47:35.516196
License: Public Domain

Case: 16-40526       Document: 00514152880         Page: 1     Date Filed: 09/12/2017

           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
                                                                               United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                        Fif h Circuit
                                     No. 16-40526                                     FILED
                                   Summary Calendar                           September 12, 2017
                                                                                 Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                      Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                  Plaintiff - Appellee

v.

JORGE SALAS-VIERA,

                                                  Defendant - Appellant

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Southern District of Texas
                            USDC No. 5:15-CR-1073-1

Before BARKSDALE, CLEMENT, and OWEN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: *
       Jorge Salas-Viera challenges the downward-variance sentence imposed
following his guilty-plea conviction for illegal reentry after deportation, in
violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326. He asserts the district court erred in applying a
16-level enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(i) (2015), based on his
prior conviction for a controlled substances offense, pursuant to Nevada
Revised Statute § 453.321.

       * Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir.
R. 47.5.4.
    Case: 16-40526      Document: 00514152880      Page: 2    Date Filed: 09/12/2017

                                   No. 16-40526

      Along that line, Salas asserts: the Nevada statute is broader than the
generic definition of a drug-trafficking offense; and, further, it is not divisible,
resulting, under Mathis v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 2243 (2016), in review of
state court records not being permissible to decide whether the conviction
supported the enhancement. Salas did not raise these issues in district court;
therefore, review is only for plain error. E.g., Puckett v. United States, 556 U.S.
129, 135 (2009).
      To satisfy the plain-error standard of review, Salas must identify a plain
(clear or obvious) error that affects his substantial rights. Id. If he makes such
a showing, this court has discretion to correct the error but generally will do so
only if it “seriously affects the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial
proceedings”. Id.
      To be plain, an error must, inter alia, be contrary to clearly settled law,
“rather than subject to reasonable dispute”. United States v. Escalante-Reyes,
689 F.3d 415, 419 (5th Cir. 2012). The law is not clearly settled in Salas’ favor,
and our court has published no authority on this issue. Moreover, Salas’
counsel conceded multiple times during his sentencing hearing that the
assigned Guidelines range was correct (arguably rendering this issue waived).
Accordingly, Salas has not demonstrated the court’s application of the 16-level
enhancement was clear or obvious error for purposes of plain-error review.
United States v. Fields, 777 F.3d 799, 802 (5th Cir. 2015) (“plain error is a
demanding standard”); United States v. Evans, 587 F.3d 667, 671 (5th Cir.
2009) (no plain error where “we ‘have not previously addressed’ an issue”).
      In addition, Salas contends the court erred in concluding his prior
Nevada conviction was an aggravated felony under 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(2),
resulting in a higher statutory maximum sentence (20 years) than permitted

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                                  No. 16-40526

under subpart (b)(1) (ten years). Because he failed to raise this claim in district
court, our review is again only for plain error. Puckett, 556 U.S. at 135.
      There is no settled law as to whether Salas’ prior Nevada conviction
qualifies as an aggravated felony; therefore, the district court’s resolution is
not clearly or obviously incorrect. Fields, 777 F.3d at 802; Evans, 587 F.3d at
671. Even if he had shown a clear or obvious error, he cannot establish it
affected his sentence because his 52-month sentence is below the 10-year
statutory maximum under 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(1). United States v. Mondragon-
Santiago, 564 F.3d 357, 369 (5th Cir. 2009). The district court also considered
the sentence he received for his first illegal-entry conviction for proportionality
purposes. And, the Government has neither stipulated Salas was wrongly
sentenced under § 1326(b)(2) nor requested reformation of the judgment.
      AFFIRMED.

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