Court Opinion

ID: 4451727
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-10-30 20:11:33.08301+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:25:25.290431
License: Public Domain

10/30/2019
               IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT KNOXVILLE
                                 July 18, 2019 Session

    JEANIE MORGAN BELTZ ET AL. v. BRETT ANTHONY HEFFNER

                 Appeal from the Circuit Court for Jefferson County
                      No. 25-339-III      Rex H. Ogle, Judge
                     ___________________________________

                           No. E2018-01962-COA-R3-CV
                       ___________________________________

This appeal arises from the denial of a petition based on Tennessee’s Grandparent
Visitation Statute. The parents of the deceased mother of a new-born child filed a petition
to obtain visitation with their three-month-old granddaughter. The child’s father opposed
the petition. Following discovery, the father filed a motion to dismiss or for summary
judgment on the ground that there was no danger of substantial harm to the child if
visitation was denied because there was no evidence that the grandparents had a
significant relationship with the child. The petitioners opposed the motion relying on
Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-306(b)(4), which established a rebuttable presumption of
substantial harm to the child if visitation was denied because their daughter, the child’s
mother, was deceased. The trial court found there was no significant existing relationship
between the grandparents and the child. After analyzing the child’s best interests under
Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-307, the court granted summary judgment to the father, finding
the petitioners did not meet the requirements of the Grandparent Visitation Statute. We
have determined that the trial court misconstrued the statutory scheme. The trial court
failed to recognize that because the petitioners are the parents of the child’s deceased
mother, they were entitled to the rebuttable presumption of substantial harm to the child
if visitation was denied without having to establish that a “significant” relationship with
their grandchild existed. Moreover, we have determined that more than one conclusion or
inference can reasonably be drawn from the facts, thereby precluding summary judgment.
Accordingly, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.

       Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court
                            Reversed and Remanded

FRANK G. CLEMENT JR., P.J., M.S., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which D.
MICHAEL SWINEY, C.J., and THOMAS R. FRIERSON II, J., joined.

Felisha B. White, Seymour, Tennessee, for the appellants, Jeanie Morgan Beltz and
Andrew Wesley Beltz.
Jeremy Douglas Churchwell, Dandridge, Tennessee, for the appellee, Brett Anthony
Heffner.

                                              OPINION

       Naphtali Morgan Heffner (“the Child”) was born into the marriage of Britney
Heffner (“Mother”) and Brett Hefner (“Father”) in August 2017. Eight days later, Mother
died unexpectedly due to health complications. Thereafter, Mother’s parents, Jeanie and
Andrew Beltz (“Petitioners”), visited the Child at Father’s house every Monday and
Thursday and sometimes on the weekends. In October 2017, however, disputes arose
between Father and Petitioners regarding when Petitioners could visit, and how to use the
proceeds from Mother’s life insurance policy. As a result, Father ceased Petitioners’
contact with the Child.

       Petitioners filed a verified petition for grandparent visitation on November 13,
2017, asserting that the Child would suffer substantial harm if she were denied a
relationship with the maternal side of her family. In late December, Father began
allowing Petitioners to visit with the Child for one and a half hours per month. In January
2018, Father filed an answer denying Petitioners were entitled to court-ordered visitation
and asserting that Petitioners lacked standing because he had not denied visitation
unreasonably.1

       Following discovery, Father filed a motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, for
summary judgment. Father contended there was no evidence that Petitioners had a
significant relationship with the Child, as required by Tennessee’s Grandparent Visitation
Statute, Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-306. Father also contended there was no danger of
substantial harm to the Child if Petitioners were not awarded visitation. In response,
Petitioners countered arguing that Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-306(b)(4) establishes a
rebuttable presumption of substantial harm when the Child’s parent is deceased, and the
grandparent seeking visitation is the parent of that deceased parent. They also contended
that Father had not rebutted the presumption.

      On September 11, 2018, a non-evidentiary hearing was held on Father’s motion.
At the hearing’s conclusion, the trial court announced it was granting Father summary
judgment. On October 10, 2018, the court entered its final order. This appeal followed.

      1
          Father subsequently conceded that Petitioners had standing.

                                                  -2-
       Petitioners raised one issue on appeal: Whether the trial court erred in finding that
Petitioners had to show a significant existing relationship with the Child to proceed with
the Petition for Grandparent Visitation when the Petitioners are the parents of their
grandchild’s deceased parent. Father frames the issue as whether the trial court was
correct in granting summary judgment after determining that the undisputed facts
established that no significant relationship existed between Petitioners and the Child, and
there was no danger of substantial harm to the Child absent court-ordered visitation.

                                  STANDARD OF REVIEW

       This court reviews a trial court’s decision on a motion for summary judgment de
novo without a presumption of correctness. Rye v. Women’s Care Ctr. of Memphis,
MPLLC, 477 S.W.3d 235, 250 (Tenn. 2015). Accordingly, this court must make a fresh
determination of whether the requirements of Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56 have been satisfied. Id.
In so doing, we consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party
and draw all reasonable inferences in that party’s favor. Godfrey v. Ruiz, 90 S.W.3d 692,
695 (Tenn. 2002).

        Summary judgment should be granted when “the pleadings, depositions, answers
to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that
there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a
judgment as a matter of law.” Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.04. When the party moving for
summary judgment does not bear the burden of proof at trial, it may satisfy its burden of
production “either (1) by affirmatively negating an essential element of the nonmoving
party’s claim or (2) by demonstrating that the nonmoving party’s evidence at the
summary judgment stage is insufficient to establish the nonmoving party’s claim or
defense.” Rye, 477 S.W.3d at 264 (emphasis in original).

       When a motion for summary judgment is made and supported as provided in
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56, the nonmoving party may not rest on the allegations or denials in its
pleadings. Id. at 265. Instead, the nonmoving party must respond with specific facts
showing there is a genuine issue for trial. Id. A fact is material “if it must be decided in
order to resolve the substantive claim or defense at which the motion is directed.” Byrd v.
Hall, 847 S.W.2d 208, 215 (Tenn. 1993). A “genuine issue” exists if “a reasonable jury
could legitimately resolve that fact in favor of one side or the other.” Id.

                                         ANALYSIS

       Grandparents seeking court-ordered visitation with their grandchild must prove
four elements: (1) opposition to or severe reduction of visitation by the custodian; (2) the
existence of one of six enumerated circumstances; (3) danger of substantial harm to the
child if visitation is denied; and (4) that visitation is in the child’s best interests. See,
generally, Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-306.
                                            -3-
       As noted above, there was no evidentiary hearing or bench trial; instead, the
matter came on for hearing based on Father’s motion for summary judgment. At the
hearing’s conclusion, the trial court announced it was granting Father summary
judgment. In the final judgment that was entered later, the trial court ruled that Petitioners
had standing to pursue their petition for visitation. The court then stated, “As a condition
precedent to grandparent visitation, the Court must find there is a danger of substantial
harm to the child in question, and that is based upon three factors.” (Emphasis added).
The three factors identified by the trial court are:

       (a)    That the child had such a significant existing relationship with the
              grandparent that loss or severe reduction of that relationship is likely
              to occasion severe emotional harm to the child;

       (b)    The grandparent functioned as a primary caregiver such that
              cessation or severe reduction of the relationship could interrupt
              provision of the daily needs of the child and thus occasion physical
              or emotional harm; or

       (c)    The child had a significant existing relationship with the grandparent
              and loss or severe reduction of the relationship presents the danger
              of other direct and substantial harm to the child.

We emphasized the word “is” from the foregoing quote because it reflects the trial court’s
erroneous belief that substantial harm must be proven by one or more of the three factors
stated above, two of which require the grandparent to prove a significant existing
relationship. Indeed, when neither parent is deceased, a finding of substantial harm is to
be based upon these factors. However, Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-306(b)(4) provides a
fourth factor by which the grandparent may establish the condition precedent of
substantial harm. That section reads:

       For the purposes of this section, if the child’s parent is deceased and the
       grandparent seeking visitation is the parent of that deceased parent, there
       shall be a rebuttable presumption of substantial harm to the child
       based upon the cessation or severe reduction of the relationship
       between the child and grandparent.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-306(b)(4) (emphasis added).

       It is also important to note that Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-306(b)(4) affords
Petitioners the rebuttable presumption that substantial harm will result if visitation with
their grandchild is denied without having to prove a “significant relationship” between
the grandparents and child. This is evident from the following:

                                            -4-
       For the purposes of this section, if the child’s parent is deceased and the
       grandparent seeking visitation is the parent of that deceased parent, there
       shall be a rebuttable presumption of substantial harm to the child based
       upon the cessation or severe reduction of the relationship between the
       child and grandparent.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-306(b)(4) (emphasis added). Thus, when the child’s parent is
deceased, as is the case here, and petitioner is the parent of that deceased parent, as is the
case here, the grandparents need not show the child had a significant relationship with
them. Rather, all that needs to be shown is that there was “a cessation or severe reduction
of the relationship between the child and grandparent.” Id. § 306(b)(4).

        The statute defines “severe reduction” as “reduction to no contact or token
visitation as defined in § 36-1-102.” Id. § 306(f). Section 36-1-102 defines “token
visitation” as visitation that, “under the circumstances of the individual case, constitutes
nothing more than perfunctory visitation or visitation of such an infrequent nature or of
such short duration as to merely establish minimal or insubstantial contact with the
child[.]” Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-102(C). Determining whether visitation was “token”
requires examination of “the frequency, duration, and quality of the visits that occurred,”
In re Keri C., 384 S.W.3d 731, 750 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2010), which is a fact intensive
inquiry.

       It is undisputed that Petitioners are the parents of the Child’s mother. Therefore,
by operation of law pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-306(b)(4), there exists a
rebuttable presumption of substantial harm to the Child based upon the cessation or
severe reduction of the relationship between the Child and Petitioners. “A presumption is
prima facie proof of the fact presumed, and unless the fact thus established, prima facie,
by the legal presumption of its truth is disproved, it must stand as proved.” Braswell v.
Tindall, 294 S.W.2d 685, 689 (Tenn. 1956) (quoting Washington v. Ryan, 64 Tenn. 622,
634 (1875)). As one court has explained, presumptions “may be looked on as the bats of
the law, flitting in the twilight, but disappearing in the sunshine of actual facts.”
Mackowik v. Kansas City, St. J. & C.B.R. Co., 94 S.W. 256, 262 (Mo. 1906). Because
Father did not move for summary judgment based on the contention that he had
successfully rebutted the presumption of substantial harm, we need not consider whether
the presumption of substantial harm has “disappeared in the sunshine.”

                                            -5-
        In its final judgment the trial court went on to state that2

        upon a finding of substantial harm based upon a cessation of the
        relationship between the minor child and the grandparent or where the
        presumption of substantial harm has not been rebutted, . . . [it] was required
        to determine whether grandparent visitation would be in the best interests
        of the children based upon the factors set forth in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-
        307. This Court having reviewed those factors under the facts of this case is
        constrained to find that the Petitioners in this case do not meet the statutory
        requirements to allow the Court to order grandparent visitation.

       The foregoing reveals that the trial court conducted a best interest analysis based
upon the factors in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-307 and summarily ruled that Petitioners “do
not meet the statutory requirements to allow the Court to order grandparent visitation.”
The trial court, however, did not identify the specific requirements that were not met.
Nevertheless, the trial court stated from the bench as it issued its ruling that, in
determining the Child’s best interests, it considered

        the length and the quality of the prior relationship between the child and the
        grandparent and the role performed by the grandparent, the strong
        emotional ties of the child to the grandparent, and the preference of the
        child if the child is determined to be of sufficient maturity to express such a
        preference, the effect of hostility between the grandparent and the parent of
        the child manifested before the child, and the willingness of the
        grandparent . . . to encourage a close relationship between the child and the
        parent or parents or guardian of or guardians of the child.

Then the trial court stated that it was constrained to find “that none of the statutory
factors are present that would allow the Court to order grandparent visitation.”

        2
          In its ruling the trial court cited and relied upon Wadkins v. Wadkins, No. M2012-00592-COA-
R3-CV, 2012 WL 6571044 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 14, 2012), which was cited by Petitioners in their brief.
However, Petitioners should not have cited and the trial court should not have relied on Wadkins because
it was designated as a “Memorandum Opinion” pursuant to Rule 10 of the Rules of the Court of Appeals
of Tennessee. As stated on page one of the Wadkins opinion, Rule 10 provides, “When a case is decided
by memorandum opinion it shall be designated ‘MEMORANDUM OPINION,’ shall not be published,
and shall not be cited or relied on for any reason in any unrelated case.” Tenn. Ct. App. R. 10. As an
additional note, only the appellant filed a brief in the Wadkins appeal, “the Grandparents did not file a
responsive brief in [the] appeal.” Wadkins, 2012 WL 6571044, at *9 n.2.

                                                  -6-
        The motion filed by Father that gave rise to the hearing asked for alternative relief:
dismissal pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12 for failure to state a claim, or summary
judgment pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56. Father’s motion, however, was not supported
by a Statement of Undisputed Facts as required by Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.03. (“[A]ny
motion for summary judgment . . . shall be accompanied by a separate concise statement
of the material facts as to which the moving party contends there is no genuine issue for
trial.”). Although Father failed to provide the required Statement of Undisputed Facts,
Petitioners filed a properly supported statement of disputed and undisputed material facts
in opposition to the motion for summary judgment. Following the hearing, the court
summarily dismissed the petition pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.

       To the extent the trial court based its conclusion that there were no material facts
in dispute on a finding that Petitioners failed to dispute the lack of an existing
relationship with the Child, we respectfully disagree. In their statement of disputed and
undisputed facts in opposition to the motion for summary judgment, Petitioners stated:

        The facts stated in the second sentence in paragraph 7 [of Father’s
        memorandum in support of the motion for summary judgment] are disputed
        in that the Petitioners had established a relationship with the minor child
        prior to [Father] cutting off their contact October 26, 2017. (See Exhibit B,
        Deposition of Jeanie Beltz, page 21.) The Petitioners would visit with the
        minor child at least Mondays and Thursdays, and sometimes on the
        weekends. (Exhibit A, pages 21 and 22).

       Furthermore, in paragraph 3 of its final judgment, the trial court concluded that
there was no significant existing relationship between Petitioners and the Child,
“especially in light of the age of the child.” However, the rationale for this factual
finding, the age of the Child, is undermined if not contradicted by Father’s declaration
that the Child had an established relationship with his parents. Thus, Father’s own
testimony belies his contention, and the trial court’s finding that the Child’s age
precluded the possibility that Petitioners could have a “relationship” with the Child.3

       Certainly, the relationship between a grandparent and an infant grandchild may be
different from the relationship between a grandparent and a six-year-old, but Tenn. Code

        3
           We acknowledge the trial court’s notation that “Petitioners have testified that they barely know
the child, and both have described their relationship with the child as being non-existent.” That portion of
their testimony, however, was given in the context of discussing the limitations of the new, restricted
visitation schedule. Moreover, Petitioners testified about previous, frequent visits with the Child and their
prior relationship to the Child.

                                                   -7-
Ann. § 36-6-306(b)(4) broadly describes “a relationship between the child and the
grandparent.” Moreover, there is evidence to support a finding that the decrease in visits
with the Child constitutes a “severe reduction,” as that phrase is defined in the statute.
Consequently, there is evidence in the record, albeit disputed, that supports application of
§ 306(b)(4).

        “Summary judgment proceedings were never envisioned as substitutes for trials of
disputed factual issues.” CAO Holdings, Inc. v. Trost, 333 S.W.3d 73, 82 (Tenn. 2010)
(citations omitted). Thus, “summary judgment should not be granted when the material
facts are disputed . . . or when more than one conclusion or inference can reasonably be
drawn from the facts.” Id. (citations omitted). “A genuine factual dispute arises when
reasonable minds can justifiably reach different conclusions based on the evidence at
hand.” Id. (citing Martin v. Norfolk S. Ry. Co., 271 S.W.3d 76, 84 (Tenn. 2008)). Further,
a summary judgment motion should be denied if there is any reasonable doubt regarding
whether a genuine issue of material fact exists. Id. (citations omitted).

       Based on our review of the record, we hold that more than one conclusion or
inference can reasonably be drawn from the material facts, which creates a genuine issue
of material facts. Accordingly, Father was not entitled to summary judgment as a matter
of law.

                                     IN CONCLUSION

       The judgment of the trial court is reversed, and this matter is remanded for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion. Costs of appeal assessed against the appellee,
Brett Anthony Heffner.

                                                  ________________________________
                                                  FRANK G. CLEMENT JR., P.J., M.S.

                                           -8-