Court Opinion

ID: 9949428
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-11 17:01:29.413057+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:25:54.966135
License: Public Domain

FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                            MAR 11 2024
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JEANNETTE MARTELLO, M.D.,                        No.    22-55826

              Plaintiff-Appellant,               D.C. No.
                                                 2:19-cv-08057-GW-AGR
 and

DANIEL MARCUS, M.D.; NANCY                       MEMORANDUM*
WAY, M.D., individually and on behalf of
other California physicians and surgeons,

              Plaintiffs,

 v.

MARY WATANABE, in her official
capacity as Director of the Department of
Managed Health Care; WILLIAM J.
PRASIFKA, in his official capacity as
Executive Director of the Medical Board
of California,

              Defendants-Appellees.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                     George H. Wu, District Judge, Presiding

       *
        This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
                            Submitted March 11, 2024**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: O’SCANNLAIN, FERNANDEZ, and SILVERMAN, Circuit Judges.

      Jeannette Martello appeals pro se from the district court’s order dismissing

her action1 against the Executive Director of the Medical Board of California and

the Director of the California Department of Managed Health Care (DMHC) in

their official capacities. We affirm.

      The district court did not err in dismissing Martello’s Claims 1, 2, 4, and 5

as moot because of the enactment of the No Surprises Act2 (NSA). See W. Coast

Seafood Processors Ass’n v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 643 F.3d 701, 704 (9th

Cir. 2011); Wolfson v. Brammer, 616 F.3d 1045, 1053 (9th Cir. 2010). Martello’s

claims were premised on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 3 (ACA)

and its purported preemption of California law, but Martello recognizes that the

      **
         The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without
oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      1
        While Martello had two co-plaintiffs in the district court, only Martello’s
claims are before us. See 28 U.S.C. § 1654; Fed. R. App. P. 3(c)(1)(A); Torres v.
Oakland Scavenger Co., 487 U.S. 312, 314, 108 S. Ct. 2405, 2407, 101 L. Ed. 2d
285 (1988); Simon v. Hartford Life, Inc., 546 F.3d 661, 664 (9th Cir. 2008).
      2
       No Surprises Act, Tit. I of Div. BB of the Consolidated Appropriations
Act, 2021, Pub. L. No. 116-260, 134 Stat. 1182, 2757 (2020).
      3
       Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act, Pub. L. No. 111–148, § 1(a),
124 Stat. 119, 119 (2010).
                                          2
NSA is now governing federal law. Her ACA-based claims became moot upon the

“‘change in the legal framework governing the case.’” N.Y. Rifle & Pistol Ass’n,

Inc. v. City of New York, 590 U.S. __, __, 140 S. Ct. 1525, 1526, 206 L. Ed. 2d 798

(2020) (per curiam); see also Lewis v. Cont’l Bank Corp., 494 U.S. 472, 478–80,

110 S. Ct. 1249, 1254–55, 108 L. Ed. 2d 400 (1990); Bunker Ltd. P’ship v. United

States (In re Bunker Ltd. P’ship), 820 F.2d 308, 312 (9th Cir. 1987). No exception

to mootness applies because the ACA has simply been superseded by new

legislation. See W. Coast Seafood, 643 F.3d at 704–05.

      The district court properly refused to grant Martello leave to amend those

claims because amendment would have been futile. See Johnson v. Buckley, 356

F.3d 1067, 1077 (9th Cir. 2004); see also Gregg v. Haw. Dep’t of Pub. Safety, 870

F.3d 883, 887 (9th Cir. 2017). Even if Martello were correct that the NSA allows

balance billing in limited circumstances, she did not argue—let alone show—that

she could amend her complaint to plead facts indicating that those circumstances

apply to her or her practice. See Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins, 578 U.S. 330, 339, 136 S.

Ct. 1540, 1548, 194 L. Ed. 2d 635 (2016); see also Lewis, 494 U.S. at 479–80, 110

S. Ct. at 1254–55. That was sufficient reason to deny leave to amend. See

Johnson, 356 F.3d at 1077; cf. Rosati v. Igbinoso, 791 F.3d 1037, 1039 (9th Cir.

2015) (per curiam).

                                         3
      The district court likewise did not err in dismissing Martello’s Claim 3

against the Director of the DMHC on the ground that it was barred by claim

preclusion arising from an earlier California judgment against her in the DMHC’s

civil enforcement action. See Robi v. Five Platters, Inc., 838 F.2d 318, 321–22

(9th Cir. 1988). That civil enforcement action resulted in a final judgment on the

merits and involved the same cause of action4 and the same parties5 as Claim 3.

See State Comp. Ins. Fund v. ReadyLink Healthcare, Inc., 264 Cal. Rptr. 3d 68, 87

(Ct. App. 2020).

      Nothing in this record suggests that the district judge harbored any

impermissible bias against Martello. See Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540,

555–56, 114 S. Ct. 1147, 1157–58, 127 L. Ed. 2d 474 (1994); United States v.

Sibla, 624 F.2d 864, 868 (9th Cir. 1980).

      We do not consider arguments raised for the first time on appeal or matters

not specifically and distinctly raised and argued in the opening brief. See Padgett

v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 & n.2 (9th Cir. 2009) (per curiam).

      AFFIRMED. All pending motions are DENIED.

      4
          See Mycogen Corp. v. Monsanto Co., 51 P.3d 297, 306–07 (Cal. 2002).
      5
        See id. at 301; see also LaCour v. Marshalls of Cal., LLC, 313 Cal. Rptr.
3d 77, 90–91 (Ct. App. 2023).
                                            4