Court Opinion

ID: 9574209
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-21 21:03:20.614267+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:44:13.559173
License: Public Domain

Justice MEYER
dissenting.
I agree with the majority that plaintiff is clearly a class one “person insured” with respect to the UIM coverage provided by the policy issued by defendant (“Farm Bureau policy”). However, I do not agree with the majority that a person’s status as a class one “person insured” under a policy providing UIM coverage automatically entitles that person to UIM benefits under that policy. In order to be entitled to such benefits, a person must show not only that he is a “person insured,” but also that he has been injured by an “underinsured” vehicle, that the liability policy on the underinsured vehicle has been exhausted, and that his insurance policy provides UIM coverage for the accident. I do not believe that plaintiff has met his burden of showing an entitlement to UIM benefits under the Farm Bureau policy. I also have other concerns that I wish to point out.
*114Defendant argues that the Farm Bureau policy does not provide UIM coverage to plaintiff for the accident at issue here because plaintiff was driving a vehicle that he owned but did not insure under the Farm Bureau policy. I agree. Part D of the Farm Bureau policy, entitled “Uninsured/Underinsured Motorists Coverage,” provides:
This coverage is subject to all of the provisions of the policy with respect to the vehicles for which the Declarations [Page] indicates that Uninsured/Underinsured Motorists Coverage applies ....
(Emphasis added.) Listed on the declarations page of the Farm Bureau policy are only two vehicles owned by plaintiff, a 1979 Dodge truck and a 1981 Ford automobile. The declarations page of the Farm Bureau policy further specifies that uninsured and underinsured motorists’ coverage is provided in specified amounts for each of these vehicles. Nowhere does the declarations page in any way “indicate” that uninsured or underinsured motorists’ coverage applies to the motorcycle owned by plaintiff and involved in the accident. As I expressed in my dissent to Smith v. Nationwide, 328 N.C. 139, 400 S.E.2d 44, reh’g denied, 328 N.C. 577, 403 S.E.2d 514 (1991), it is my opinion that the language of the Farm Bureau policy clearly limits the UIM coverage provided thereunder to the vehicles insured by the policy. This language “is tantamount to an exclusion for other vehicles in the household or owned by members of the household.” Smith, 328 N.C. at 157, 403 S.E.2d at 55 (Meyer, J., dissenting).
To fail to give effect to such exclusions ignores the General Assembly’s intent of offering the added protection of UIM coverage only to insureds who have provided protection greater than that required by law to third persons who might be injured as a result of the insureds’ negligent acts. As I expressed in my dissent in Smith, the majority’s rationale permits individuals or families who own two, three, four, or more vehicles and who have acquired UIM coverage on only one vehicle at the most favorable premium rate to take advantage of this UIM coverage when injured in another vehicle for which they have acquired only minimum coverage and for which UIM coverage is not available.
Smith, upon which the majority relies, has little bearing on the issue presented in the case at bar. In Smith, the deceased daughter’s vehicle had greater than minimum coverage. UIM *115coverage had not been rejected and was included in the daughter’s policy. Here, plaintiff’s motorcycle had only minimum liability coverage, and thus UIM coverage was not even available on the motorcycle. As the majority points out, when we remanded the case to the Court of Appeals for reconsideration in light of Smith, the panel below apparently felt compelled to apply Smith to the facts of this case and thus misconstrued this case to be a UIM interpolicy stacking case, which it is not.
As noted by defendant, the holding in Smith turned on the policy language of the “Other Insurance” clause contained in the deceased’s father’s policy. This Court held that the “Other Insurance” provision specifically provided for recovery of UIM benefits under two policies applicable to the same accident and issued to the same named insured. The policy language that was present in the UM/UIM endorsement of the policy before us in Smith was as follows:
If this policy and any other auto insurance policy issued to you apply to the same accident, the maximum limit of liability for your or a family member’s injuries shall be the sum of the limits of liability for this coverage under all such policies.
Smith, 328 N.C. at 152, 400 S.E.2d at 52. While this policy language is present in the Farm Bureau policy at issue here, plaintiff here has only one policy that contains UIM coverage, unlike in Smith where both of the policies at issue contained UIM coverage. While Smith did extend UIM coverage to insureds riding in owned vehicles that are covered by separate liability policies containing UIM coverage, it did not answer the question of whether an insured may recover UIM benefits when injured while operating an owned vehicle that has minimum coverage and no UIM coverage.
One need look no further than the provisions of our Motor Vehicle Safety and Financial Responsibility Act to find that the General Assembly did not intend for UIM coverage to be extended to vehicles insured with minimum liability limits. Pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 20-279.21(b)(4), it is incumbent upon the insurer, when issuing a motor vehicle liability insurance policy, to include UIM coverage only when the liability insurance purchased exceeds that statutorily required to operate a motor vehicle. According to this section, the motor vehicle liability policy “[s]hall... provide underinsured motorist coverage, to he used only with policies that are written at limits that exceed” the liability insurance limits required by law. N.C.G.S. § 20-279.21(b)(4) (1989) (emphasis added). Under *116the express language of this statute, UIM coverage may be used only with policies that provide liability insurance in excess of the statutory minimum limits of liability. When read in conjunction with N.C.G.S. § 20-279.21(b)(l)’s requirement that motor vehicle liability insurance policies “designate by explicit description or by appropriate reference all motor vehicles with respect to which coverage is thereby to be granted,” it can only be concluded that the General Assembly did not intend for UIM coverage to be extended to vehicles not specifically listed on a policy providing UIM coverage.
It is contrary to public interest, the intent of the parties to an insurance contract, and the Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Act to allow a person to pay a premium for one car and receive coverage on any number of other cars without paying the insurer any additional premium. When the Farm Bureau policy was issued, defendant did not accept the risk attendant with plaintiff’s motorcycle having minimum liability coverage and no UIM coverage, but limited UIM coverage to the vehicles listed in its policy. Plaintiff paid no premium to defendant or any other insurer for UIM coverage on the motorcycle. It is inherently unfair to now tax defendant with a risk it did not assume. I conclude that the Farm Bureau policy excludes coverage for plaintiff’s injuries, sustained while plaintiff was operating his motorcycle that was not insured under the Farm Bureau policy and that had minimum liability coverage and no UIM coverage. I therefore dissent from the majority opinion and vote to reverse the Court of Appeals.