Court Opinion

ID: 9367687
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-01 17:04:31.429408+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:02.354413
License: Public Domain

Attorney Grievance Commission of Maryland v. Keith Anthony Parris, Misc. Docket AG
No. 22, September Term, 2021. Opinion by Eaves, J.

ATTORNEY DISCIPLINE — SANCTION — DISBARMENT
Keith Anthony Parris, Respondent, violated several provisions of the Maryland Attorneys’
Rules of Professional Conduct (“MARPC”) when he failed to file opposition motions on
behalf of his client; failed to respond to discovery requests; failed to comply with court
orders compelling him to complete discovery; failed to communicate with his client;
repeatedly failed to respond to his client’s requests for information; misrepresented the
status of the case to his client; made knowing and intentional misrepresentations to the trial
court; collected unreasonable fees from his client for services he did not perform; and failed
to respond to Bar Counsel’s requests for information.
Respondent’s conduct violated the following MARPC: 1.1 (Competence); 1.3 (Diligence);
1.4 (Communication); 1.5 (Fees); 3.2 (Expediting Litigation); 3.3 (Candor Toward the
Tribunal); 3.4 (Fairness to Opposing Party and Attorney); 8.1 (Bar Admission and
Disciplinary Matters); and 8.4 (Misconduct). These violations warrant Respondent’s
disbarment.
Circuit Court for Prince George’s County
Case No. CAE21-10972
Submitted on Brief: November 4, 2022
                                                                         IN THE SUPREME COURT

                                                                              OF MARYLAND*

                                                                           Misc. Docket AG No. 22

                                                                            September Term, 2021

                                                                 ATTORNEY GRIEVANCE COMMISSION
                                                                         OF MARYLAND
                                                                               v.

                                                                         KEITH ANTHONY PARRIS

                                                                             Fader, C.J.,
                                                                             Watts,
                                                                             Booth,
                                                                             Biran,
                                                                             Gould,
                                                                             Eaves,
                                                                             Raker, Irma S.
                                                                                (Senior     Judge,     Specially
                                                                             Assigned),

                                                                                    JJ.

                                                                             Opinion by Eaves, J.

                                                                             Filed: February 1, 2023
Pursuant to the Maryland Uniform Electronic Legal Materials
Act (§§ 10-1601 et seq. of the State Government Article) this   * At the November 8, 2022, general election, the
document is authentic.
                                                                voters of Maryland ratified a constitutional
                  2023-02-01 11:50-05:00                        amendment changing the name of the Court of
                                                                Appeals of Maryland to the Supreme Court of
                                                                Maryland. The name change took effect on
Gregory Hilton, Clerk                                           December 14, 2022.
        This attorney discipline case involves the misconduct of Keith Anthony Parris

(“Parris”), a member of the Bar of this Court. During his representation of a client, Parris’s

conduct evidenced a multitude of wrongdoing warranting his disbarment. Parris failed to

respond to motions, to respond to discovery requests, to comply with court orders

compelling him to complete discovery, and to advise his client of the pending motions and

discovery. Parris neglected to respond to his client’s requests for information, and, to

conceal his deficiencies, he misrepresented the status of the case to his client and made

knowing and intentional misrepresentations to the trial court. Parris’s inaction ultimately

caused the court to impose sanctions and enter a default judgment against his client.

        The Attorney Grievance Commission of Maryland (the “Commission”), acting

through Bar Counsel, filed in this Court its Petition for Disciplinary or Remedial Action

(the “Petition”) against Parris. The Commission alleged that Parris violated the following

nine Maryland Attorneys’ Rules of Professional Conduct (“MARPC”):

   1.      19-301.1 (Competence) (1.1);
   2.      19-301.3 (Diligence) (1.3);
   3.      19-301.4 (Communication) (1.4);
   4.      19-301.5 (Fees) (1.5);
   5.      19-303.2 (Expediting Litigation) (3.2);
   6.      19-303.3 (Candor Toward the Tribunal) (3.3);
   7.      19-303.4 (Fairness to Opposing Party and Attorney) (3.4);
   8.      19-308.1 (Bar Admissions and disciplinary Matters) (8.1); and
   9.      19-308.4 (Misconduct) (8.4).

        Pursuant to Maryland Rule 19-722(a), this Court entered an order referring the

matter to the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County. In the Order, this Court designated

the Honorable Wytonja L. Curry (the “hearing judge”) to conduct an evidentiary hearing
and provide findings of fact and conclusions of law. During the proceedings before the

hearing judge, Parris did not file any responsive pleadings or respond to Bar Counsel’s

requests for information. As a result, the Commission filed a Motion for Order of Default.

The hearing judge entered an Order of Default against Parris “for failure to respond to [the

Petition] within the time permitted by the Order of the [Supreme Court of Maryland] and

the Writ of Summons issued by the Clerk of [the circuit court].” The circuit court held a

hearing, at which Parris did not appear. The hearing judge considered the evidence that

the Commission submitted at the hearing and then filed Findings of Fact and Conclusions

of Law with this Court.

       Parris did not file any exceptions to the hearing judge’s Findings of Fact and

Conclusions of Law. Because (1) Parris did not file an answer to the Petition and the

hearing judge entered an Order of Default against him; (2) the Order of Default was not

vacated; (3) Parris did not appear at the hearing before the hearing judge; and (4) Parris did

not file any exceptions or recommendation for sanction with this Court, he is deemed to

have waived oral argument pursuant to Maryland Rule 19-740(a). Accordingly, this Court

considered the matter without oral argument based on the record before the hearing judge.

       For the reasons discussed below, we agree with the hearing judge’s conclusions of

law for each of Parris’s violations of the professional conduct rules and disbar Parris.

                 I.       THE HEARING JUDGE’S FINDINGS OF FACT
       Where, as here, neither party filed any exceptions to the hearing judge’s findings of

fact, this Court “may treat the [hearing judge’s] findings of fact as established.” Md. Rule

19-740(b)(2)(A). We summarize the hearing judge’s findings of fact below.

                                              2
A.     Background

       This Court admitted Parris to the Bar of this Court on June 18, 1987.1 At all times

relevant to this proceeding, Parris maintained an office for the practice of law in Prince

George’s County, Maryland.        Parris’s misconduct in this case arises out of his

representation of the Chaddsford Community Association, Inc. (“Chaddsford”).

B.     Chaddsford Community Association, Inc.

       Chaddsford is a homeowner’s association for a housing community in Brandywine,

Maryland.    In August 2010, Chaddsford retained the Law Offices of Gregory A.

Alexandires (the “Firm”) as general counsel to Chaddsford’s board of directors (the

“Board”).2 Among its duties, the Firm collected past due assessments from property

owners subject to Chaddsford’s authority. In June 2017, Chaddsford terminated the Firm

and requested from the Firm an invoice for outstanding attorneys’ fees and collection costs.

The Firm subsequently sent Chaddsford an itemized invoice in the amount of $77,727.43,

accounting for the Firm’s services from August 2010 to June 2017. Chaddsford did not

pay the invoice, which prompted the Firm to file a lawsuit against Chaddsford in the

District Court of Maryland sitting in Prince George’s County. The Firm’s action against

Chaddsford sought to collect a portion ($29,673.30) of the attorneys’ fees and collection

costs detailed in the June 2017 invoice.

       1
        At the time of his admission, it was the Bar of the Court of Appeals of Maryland.
As noted earlier, the name is now the Bar of the Supreme Court of Maryland.
       2
         For simplicity, we will refer to Chaddsford’s actions through the Board as
“Chaddsford” since the Board is authorized to make decisions on behalf of Chaddsford
pursuant to Chaddsford’s articles of incorporation and bylaws.

                                             3
C.     Parris’s Representation of Chaddsford in the Firm’s Lawsuit

       On August 13, 2018, Chaddsford retained Parris to serve as its new general counsel.

With respect to the Firm’s District Court action against Chaddsford, Parris advised

Chaddsford that it “was not liable for approximately 40% of the attorneys’ fees and costs

claimed . . . because the Firm failed to collect those amounts before the statute of limitations

expired.” Parris further advised Chaddsford that “some of the legal services included on

the [June 2017] invoice were inconsistent with prior accountings” the Firm provided to

Chaddsford. Based on his advice, Chaddsford authorized Parris to represent it in the

District Court action. Parris billed Chaddsford $2,415 for legal services he provided in the

District Court case from August 7–31, 2018, which Chaddsford paid in full.

       On November 29, 2018, the Firm filed a separate complaint against Chaddsford in

the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County and sought to recover $75,000—nearly the

full amount of the June 2017 invoice. The Firm thereafter filed a motion to stay the

proceedings in the District Court pending the outcome of the circuit court action. Parris

did not file a response to the motion, and the District Court granted the motion. Parris

invoiced Chaddsford $2,460 for legal representation he provided in the District Court case

from September 1, 2018, through December 14, 2018, which Chaddsford paid in full.

       Parris filed an answer to the circuit court complaint on March 15, 2019, in which he

argued that Chaddsford did not owe the claimed fees and asserted several affirmative

defenses to the Firm’s claims. Parris then served Chaddsford’s first set of interrogatories

on the Firm. Among its written discovery requests, the Firm served request for admissions

on Parris, to which Chaddsford’s responses were due on April 29, 2019. Parris “failed to

                                               4
timely forward the discovery requests to Chaddsford or advise [Chaddsford] of the deadline

to respond” and “failed to timely respond to the requests.”

       As a result, the Firm filed a partial summary judgment motion contending that the

circuit court should deem as admitted the alleged facts in the complaint due to

Chaddsford’s failure to respond to the request for admissions. Parris neither advised

Chaddsford of the summary judgment motion nor filed a response to the motion. The

circuit court denied the summary judgment motion for nonconformance with Maryland

Rule 2-501(a).3 The Firm subsequently filed a motion for reconsideration of its summary

judgment motion in conformance with Rule 2-501(a), which the court again denied.

       On June 28, 2019, Parris filed an answer to the Firm’s summary judgment motion

stating in part,

       [a]s indicated in the Answer to Complaint, a large part of the [Firm’s]
       complaint is barred by the [s]tatute of [l]imitations.

       [Chaddsford] is still in the process of gathering discovery to establish the
       violation of the [s]tatute of limitations, in that the information is in the
       custody of the [Firm].

       [Chaddsford] has been hindered in this process in not receiving documents
       and pleadings supposedly filed by the [Firm].

       This matter should be litigated on the merits. [Chaddsford’s] discovery will
       be fully complied with on or before July 12, 2019.

       3
          When a party files a motion for summary judgment with the court, “[t]he motion
shall be supported by affidavit if it is (1) filed before the day on which the adverse party’s
initial pleading or motion is filed or (2) based on facts not contained in the record.” Md.
Rule 2-501(a). The Firm’s motion lacked this supporting affidavit.

                                              5
The Firm, however, served Parris its answers to Chaddsford’s interrogatories and copies of

each of its motions throughout the proceedings. The hearing judge found that “[Parris’s]

statements to the [trial] court that he was in the process of gathering information from the

Firm and that he had been hindered by not receiving documents and pleadings filed by the

Firm were knowingly and intentionally false.”

       Thereafter, the court held a pretrial conference, which Parris attended on behalf of

Chaddsford. At the conference, the court ordered that Chaddsford provide all outstanding

discovery responses to the Firm by August 5, 2019. On August 5, Parris sent his discovery

responses to the Firm via email attachment, but the responses were incomplete and one of

the attachments could not be opened. The Firm sent Parris via email two requests to resend

complete discovery responses that could be opened. Parris did not respond to either email.

Consequently, the Firm filed a motion for sanctions against Chaddsford for failure to

provide outstanding discovery by the court’s deadline. The Firm requested the court to

award it $800 in attorney’s fees for the time it spent on additional efforts to obtain the

outstanding discovery. Parris did not file a response to the sanctions motion. Parris

proceeded to bill Chaddsford $3,955 in legal services that he claimed for the period of

March 14, 2019, through August 14, 2019. Chaddsford paid the invoice in full.

       The court denied the motion for sanctions and entered an order “compelling

Chaddsford to provide electronic and hard copies of all discovery to the Firm within seven

days” of August 30, 2019. When Parris failed to comply with the court’s discovery order,

the Firm filed a renewed motion for sanctions for failure to comply with second court order

for discovery responses. The Firm requested that the court enter an order of default against

                                             6
Chaddsford and award the Firm attorneys’ fees in the amount of $1,225. Parris did not file

a response to the Firm’s motion and did not provide the outstanding discovery to the Firm.

       On October 14, 2019, Parris met with Chaddsford to provide an update on the circuit

court litigation. According to the Board’s meeting minutes, Parris discussed the settlement

value of the case and his anticipated attorneys’ fees. The hearing judge found that Parris

omitted material facts in an effort to conceal his misconduct from Chaddsford.            In

particular, Parris did not inform Chaddsford of the outstanding discovery requests or of his

failure to comply with court orders compelling Chaddsford to provide outstanding

discovery. Parris also did not advise Chaddsford of the Firm’s recent pending motion, in

which the Firm asked the court to impose discovery sanctions and enter a default judgment

against Chaddsford.

       On October 21, 2019, the court entered an order granting the Firm’s renewed motion

for sanctions. The court awarded, with post-judgment interest, $1,225 in attorneys’ fees to

the Firm and entered a default judgment against Chaddsford in the amount of $75,000. The

court’s order stated that Chaddsford “shall have thirty (30) days from the date of this order

to move to vacate this entry of default.” Parris neither advised Chaddsford of the default

judgment nor moved to vacate the default judgment.4

       After the court’s entry of default, Parris did not respond to Chaddsford’s

communications to him about the status of the case. In January 2020, Chaddsford’s

managing agent sent three emails to Parris requesting an update. Parris did not respond to

       4
        Pursuant to Maryland Rule 3-507, the District Court dismissed the Firm’s District
Court claim on January 17, 2020.

                                             7
these emails. Between January 2020 and March 11, 2020, the Board president made

several phone calls and sent 17 text messages to Parris requesting information about the

case. Parris did not answer any phone calls but responded to some text messages, although

his responses appeared to lack both substance and thought.

       Unbeknownst to Chaddsford, the Firm obtained and served a writ of garnishment

on Chaddsford’s bank to collect the $75,000 default judgment. On February 19, 2020,

Chaddsford’s bank sent a letter to Chaddsford notifying it of the writ of garnishment with

a copy of the writ attached—this was Chaddsford’s first notification of the default

judgment. Parris did not notify Chaddsford of the default judgment until March 11, 2020,

via email. Parris stated that the circuit court recently entered the October 21, 2019, default

judgment against Chaddsford. The hearing judge found that Parris’s statement that the

default judgment was recent was “knowingly false and intentionally misleading” because

almost five months had passed. Parris “omitted material facts concerning his failure to

respond to discovery and failure to comply with the court’s orders to conceal his

misconduct.” Parris also notified Chaddsford that he would attend a March 9, 2020, Board

meeting to discuss the outcome of the circuit court case. Parris did not appear at the

scheduled meeting.

       Parris billed Chaddsford periodically throughout the litigation, and Chaddsford

promptly paid each invoice in full. Between August 31, 2018, and August 26, 2019, Parris

collected $8,830 in fees from Chaddsford, at a rate of $300 per hour. Parris created false

time entries and billed Chaddsford for services he did not perform. The hearing judge cited

examples including an entry dated August 13, 2019, which reflected that Parris

                                              8
“purportedly spent 4.4 hours reviewing and analyzing discovery” and an entry dated

August 14, 2019, the work for which Parris “billed 2.3 hours to review and input data.”

The hearing judge found that “the billing entries were knowingly false and intended to

conceal [Parris’s] failure to defend Chaddsford in the litigation.”

                                    D. Bar Counsel’s Investigation
       On May 20, 2020, Chaddsford filed a complaint against Parris with the Commission.

Between July 2020 and November 2020, Bar Counsel wrote to Parris on four separate

occasions requesting a response to the complaint against him. Parris did not respond to

Bar Counsel’s inquiries. On December 3, 2020, a Bar Counsel investigator went to Parris’s

home and spoke with him. Parris denied receiving any of Bar Counsel’s letters. The

investigator gave Parris copies of all four letters, and Parris said he would reach out to Bar

Counsel that day. Parris did not contact Bar Counsel and never responded to any of Bar

Counsel’s requests for information.

                              II.      STANDARD OF REVIEW
       As discussed, when neither the respondent nor the Commission files exceptions to

any of the hearing judge’s findings of fact, this Court may accept those findings of fact as

established. Md. Rule 19-740(b)(2)(A). This Court reviews de novo the hearing judge’s

conclusions of law, Md. Rule 19-740(b)(1), and “determines whether clear and convincing

evidence establishes that an attorney violated the MARPC[,]” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v.

Silbiger, 478 Md. 607, 617 (2022).

                                               9
                                      III.   DISCUSSION

       The hearing judge found by clear and convincing evidence that Parris violated

professional conduct Rules 1.1; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5(a), 3.2; 3.3(a); 3.4; 8.1(b); and 8.4(a), (c)–(d).

Neither Parris nor the Commission filed exceptions to the hearing judge’s conclusions of

law. For the reasons discussed below, we agree with the hearing judge that clear and

convincing evidence establishes each of the MARPC violations in this case and conclude

that disbarment is the appropriate sanction for Parris.

A.     Clear and Convincing Evidence Supports the Hearing Judge’s Conclusions
       of Law.

       Because the same conduct of Parris supports his violation of several rules of

professional conduct, we first address concurrently Rules 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 3.2, and 3.4. We

then address in turn Rules 1.5, 3.3, 8.1, and 8.4.

                      Rule 1.1 (Competence); Rule 1.3 (Diligence);
              Rule 1.4 (Communication); Rule 3.2 (Expediting Litigation);
                  Rule 3.4 (Fairness to Opposing Party and Attorney).

       Under Rule 1.1, “[a]n attorney shall provide competent representation to a client.

Competent representation requires the legal knowledge, skill, thoroughness[,] and

preparation reasonably necessary for the representation.” Generally, this Court will find

that an attorney violated Rule 1.1 when he or she “fails to act or acts in an untimely manner,

resulting in harm to his or her client.” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Edwards, 462 Md. 642,

694 (2019) (quoting Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Brown, 426 Md. 298, 319 (2012)). An

attorney has violated Rule 1.1 when he or she failed to “file opposition motions,” failed to

“answer discovery requests,” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Bellamy, 453 Md. 377, 393

                                              10
(2017), and failed to comply with court orders, Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Powell, 461

Md. 189, 217 (2018). An attorney has demonstrated incompetent representation by his or

her failure to respond to discovery that results in sanctions against and pecuniary damage

to the client. Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Hamilton, 444 Md. 163, 180 (2015).

       Rule 1.3 states that “[a]n attorney shall act with reasonable diligence and

promptness in representing a client.” Due to the evident overlap between competence and

diligence, an attorney’s “[c]onduct which violates Rule 1.1 will often also violate Rule

1.3.” Powell, 461 Md. at 216 (citing Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. McCulloch, 404 Md. 388,

398 (2008)). An attorney can violate Rule 1.3 when he or she fails to file responsive

motions, to respond to discovery requests, to comply with court orders to complete

discovery, and to respond to the client’s communications about the case. Att’y Grievance

Comm’n v. Williams, 446 Md. 355, 374 (2016).           E.g., Att’y Grievance Comm’n v.

Leatherman, 475 Md. 80, 105 (2021). An attorney has failed to act with reasonable

diligence when his or her failure to respond to discovery requests causes a court to impose

discovery sanctions against the client. Hamilton, 444 Md. at 183 (citing Brown, 426 Md.

at 320).

       Rule 1.4(a) provides, in pertinent part, that an attorney shall “keep the client

reasonably informed about the status of the matter” and “promptly comply with reasonable

requests for information[.]” Rule 1.4(b) requires that “[a]n attorney shall explain a matter

to the extent reasonably necessary to permit the client to make informed decisions

regarding the representation.” This Court has sustained violations of Rule 1.4 for an

attorney’s failure to keep the client reasonably informed about the status of the case, to

                                            11
promptly respond to the client’s reasonable requests for information about the case,

Leatherman, 475 Md. at 105, and to apprise the client of pending motions and discovery

requests, including the significance of sanctions, Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Collins, 469

Md. 134, 147 (2020); Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Planta, 467 Md. 319, 349–50 (2020).

Rule 1.4 “is violated also when an attorney ‘fails to communicate crucial information about

the status of the case,’ such as when a case is dismissed.” Planta, 467 Md. at 349 (quoting

Hamilton, 444 Md. at 185). An attorney’s “failure to communicate the status of a case

prevents the client from making informed decisions.” Edwards, 462 Md. at 699 (citing

Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Shapiro, 441 Md. 367, 385 (2015)). Additionally, an attorney’s

misrepresentation of the status of the case to the client can violate Rule 1.4. Id.

       Pursuant to Rule 3.2, “[a]n attorney shall make reasonable efforts to expedite

litigation consistent with the interests of the client.” An attorney violates Rule 3.2 by

neglecting a client’s case and failing to comply with discovery requests resulting in the

court’s imposition of sanctions and a default judgment against the client. Brown, 426 Md.

at 323. E.g., Planta, 467 Md. at 354; Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Trye, 444 Md. 201, 216

(2015).   See also Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Steinberg, 395 Md. 337, 365 (2006)

(concluding that an attorney violated Rule 3.2, in part, as a result of his lack of

communication with the client during litigation).

       Under Rule 3.3(c), an attorney shall not “knowingly disobey an obligation under the

rules of a tribunal except for an open refusal based on an assertion that no valid obligation

exists[.]” Rule 3.4(d) provides, in applicable part, that “an attorney shall not . . . fail to

make reasonably diligent effort to comply with a legally proper discovery request by an

                                             12
opposing party[.]” We have held that an attorney’s failure to respond to discovery requests

and adequately comply with court orders to complete discovery resulting in monetary

sanctions violates Rule 3.4. Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Kane, 465 Md. 667, 719–20

(2019).

       Applying the above principles here, Parris’s derelict representation of Chaddsford

concurrently   violated   professional    conduct    rules   of   competence,    diligence,

communication, expediting litigation, and fairness to opposing party and attorney. Parris

repeatedly failed to respond to discovery requests, failed to adequately comply with the

circuit court’s orders compelling discovery, and failed to file any opposition to the Firm’s

motions for sanctions and motion for default. Parris neglected to apprise Chaddsford of

the Firm’s discovery requests or of the deadlines to respond to the discovery requests, to

advise Chaddsford of the court orders compelling discovery and the possibility of

sanctions, and to inform Chaddsford of the summary judgment, sanctions, and default

motions. Parris failed to substantively answer Chaddsford’s numerous and reasonable

requests for information, and when he did communicate with Chaddsford, he intentionally

omitted his shortcomings that resulted in harm to Chaddsford. When Parris did provide

discovery, he produced untimely and incomplete discovery responses on behalf of

Chaddsford despite court orders compelling complete responses. Parris’s continuous

inaction at each stage of the litigation resulted in significant harm to Chaddsford in the

form of a $75,000 default judgment and court-imposed sanctions of $1,225 in attorneys’

fees with post judgment interest. Parris took no action to vacate the default judgment

against Chaddsford and did not notify Chaddsford of the default judgment until

                                            13
approximately five months later. For these reasons, Parris violated Rules 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 3.2,

3.3(c), and 3.3(d).

                                      Rule 1.5 (Fees).

       Under Rule 1.5(a), an attorney “shall not make an agreement for, charge, or collect

an unreasonable fee or an unreasonable amount for expenses.” A court considers the

following factors in determining the reasonableness of a fee:

       (1)    the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions
              involved, and the skill requisite to perform the legal service properly;
       (2)    the likelihood, if apparent to the client, that the acceptance of the
              particular employment will preclude other employment of the
              attorney;
       (3)    the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services;
       (4)    the amount involved and the results obtained;
       (5)    the time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances;
       (6)    the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client;
       (7)    the experience, reputation, and ability of the attorney or attorneys
              performing the services; and
       (8)    whether the fee is fixed or contingent.
Md. Rule 19-301.5(a). An attorney’s fee arrangement with a client is reasonable if it is

“commensurate with the legal services provided.” Leatherman, 475 Md. at 106 (quoting

Edwards, 462 Md. at 701). Accordingly, “a reasonable fee at the outset of a representation

‘can become unreasonable if the lawyer fails to earn it.’” Id. (quoting Edwards, 462 Md.

at 701). An attorney’s fee arrangement with a client “is unreasonable if the attorney fails

to perform any meaningful work on behalf of the client in exchange for the fee.” Att’y

Grievance Comm’n v. Smith, 457 Md. 159, 218 (2018) (internal quotation marks omitted)

(quoting Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Chapman, 430 Md. 238, 275 (2013)).

                                             14
       Here, Parris deserted Chaddsford, after which he did not “perform any meaningful

work on behalf of [Chaddsford] in exchange for the fee” that he charged. Throughout the

litigation, Parris periodically billed Chaddsford for legal services he did not provide. For

example, Parris billed Chaddsford $3,955 for legal services he claimed for the period of

March 14, 2019, through August 14, 2019. During this time, Parris filed an answer to the

Firm’s complaint, but he neglected to respond to or inform Chaddsford of the Firm’s

discovery requests, to sufficiently comply with a court order compelling him to complete

discovery, and to respond to the Firm’s motions for summary judgment. Thereafter, Parris

failed to respond to the Firm’s sanctions motions and default judgment motion. As the

hearing judge found, Parris’s “billing entries were knowingly false and intended to conceal

[his] failure to defend Chaddsford[.]” Although Parris’s fee arrangement with Chaddsford

may have been reasonable at the outset of the litigation, those fees became unreasonable

when Parris ceased to provide any services of value. Thus, we agree with the hearing judge

that Parris collected from Chaddsford unreasonable fees totaling $8,830.

                         Rule 3.3 (Candor Toward the Tribunal).

       Pursuant to Rule 3.3(a)(1), an attorney “shall not knowingly . . . make a false

statement of fact or law to a tribunal or fail to correct a false statement of material fact or

law previously made to the tribunal by the attorney[.]” See Att’y Grievance Comm’n v.

Collins, 477 Md. 482, 504–06 (2022) (concluding that an attorney violated Rule 3.3 where

she claimed she had not received email messages notifying her of a complaint but it could

be reasonably inferred from the record that she received such messages). “What matters

for purposes of finding [a] [Rule]3.3(a)(1) violation is whether an attorney knows that the

                                              15
information he or she presents to the tribunal is incorrect.” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v.

Steinhorn, 462 Md. 184, 197 (2018) (citing Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Ward, 394 Md. 1,

32 (2006)).

       Here, pursuant to Rule 19-740, we treat as established the hearing judge’s finding

that Parris made knowing and intentional misrepresentations to the circuit court in his June

28, 2019, answer to the motion for summary judgment. Parris stated that he was “still in

the process of gathering discovery” and “had been hindered in this process in not receiving

documents and pleadings” from the Firm. The circuit court record reflects that the Firm

served a copy of answers to interrogatories on April 15, 2019. We therefore agree with the

hearing judge’s conclusion that Parris’s conduct violated Rule 3.3(a)(1).

                   Rule 8.1 (Bar Admission and Disciplinary Matters).

       “An attorney . . . in connection with a disciplinary matter, shall not . . . knowingly

fail to respond to a lawful demand for information from an admissions or disciplinary

authority[.]” Md. Rule 19-308.1(b). An attorney violates Rule 8.1(b) when “he or she fails

to respond to Bar Counsel’s lawful request for information.” Att’y Grievance Comm’n v.

Hoerauf, 469 Md. 179, 213 (2020) (citing Edwards, 462 Md. at 705).

       Here, Parris failed to respond to Bar Counsel’s correspondence in 2020 dated July

2, July 29, November 10, and November 16. Even after receiving hand delivered copies

of Bar Counsel’s letters at his residence and stating that he would respond, Parris still failed

to respond in any manner. Thus, Parris violated Rule 8.1(b).

                                              16
                                  Rule 8.4 (Misconduct).

       Rule 8.4 states, pertinent part, that it is professional misconduct for an attorney to:

       (a) violate or attempt to violate the Maryland Attorneys’ Rules of
           Professional Conduct;
                                           ***
       (c) engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or
           misrepresentation; [and]
       (d) engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice[.]

An attorney violates Rule 8.4(a) when “he or she violates any other Rule under the

MARPC.” Hoerauf, 469 Md. at 214 (citing Edwards, 462 Md. at 706). We have sustained

an attorney’s violation of Rule 8.4(c) when he or she makes a knowing and intentional

misrepresentation to a court to conceal his or her shortcomings, id. at 215, and

misrepresents the status of the case to his or her client, Brown, 426 Md. at 323–24. An

attorney’s conduct that violates Rule 8.4(c) may also violate Rule 8.4(d). Hoerauf, 469

Md. at 215. Generally, an attorney violates Rule 8.4(d) when his or her conduct “impacts

negatively the public’s perception or efficacy of the courts or legal profession.” Id. at 214–

15 (quoting Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Dore, 433 Md. 685, 696 (2013)).

       Because we conclude that Parris violated multiple rules of professional conduct, we

conclude that Parris also violated Rule 8.4(a). With respect to Rule 8.4(c) and 8.4(d), Parris

made knowing and intentional misrepresentations to the circuit court in his June 28

Answer; misrepresented the status of the case to Chaddsford in his March 2020 email to

Chaddsford; and billed Chaddsford for services he never provided, all in an attempt to

conceal his misconduct. Further, as to Rule 8.4(d), Parris engaged in conduct prejudicial

to the administration of justice. Parris’s pattern of inaction and neglect caused substantial

                                             17
harm to Chaddsford and brings the legal profession into disrepute. Parris’s failure to

respond to Bar counsel further brings the legal profession into disrepute.

B.     The Appropriate Sanction is Disbarment.

       The primary purpose of a sanction in an attorney disciplinary proceeding is to

“protect[] the public and deter[] future misconduct rather than to punish the attorney.”

Silbiger, 478 Md. at 635; see Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. White, 480 Md. 319, 390 (2022)

(citing Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Bonner, 477 Md. 576, 607 (2022)) (“[We] must promote

both general and specific deterrence and safeguard the public and its confidence in the legal

profession.”). In determining the appropriate sanction for an attorney, “we consider the

facts and circumstances of each case and order a sanction that is ‘commensurate with the

nature and gravity of the violations and the intent with which they were committed.’”

Edwards, 462 Md. at 712 (quoting Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Butler, 441 Md. 352, 359

(2015)).

       Our review of the facts and circumstances includes evaluating any mitigating and

aggravating factors. Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Frank, 470 Md. 699, 741 (2020); see

Silbiger, 478 Md. at 635 (“[W]e typically consult the list of aggravating and mitigating

factors developed by the American Bar Association.” (quoting Att’y Grievance Comm’n v.

Ibebuchi, 471 Md. 286, 309 (2020))). The respondent attorney in a disciplinary proceeding

must prove any mitigating factors by a preponderance of the evidence, Hoerauf, 469 Md.

at 216, and the Commission must prove any aggravating factors by clear and convincing

evidence, id.

                                             18
       Finally, we underscore that “in cases involving intentional dishonesty, disbarment

is ordinarily warranted.” Silbiger, 478 Md. at 638; e.g., Hoerauf, 469 Md. at 218

(concluding that disbarment was the appropriate sanction for the attorney’s “numerous and

severe violations” of the MARPC which included dishonest conduct on multiple

occasions); Edwards, 469 Md. at 712 (determining that the attorney’s “pattern of

dishonesty in and of itself warrant[ed] disbarment”). An attorney’s “lack of prior discipline

does not preclude disbarment.” Edwards, 469 Md. at 712.

       Here, the Commission recommends that we disbar Parris. Considering the facts and

circumstances of Parris’s pattern of misconduct, in conjunction with the applicable

mitigating and aggravating factors, we agree that the appropriate sanction for Parris’s

misconduct is disbarment.

       Parris did not offer any mitigating factors5 in his defense, as he did not file any

responsive pleadings with this Court. The Commission, however, identified that Parris has

       5
        The list of mitigating factors we typically consult includes:
       (1) the absence of prior attorney discipline; (2) the absence of a dishonest or
       selfish motive; (3) personal or emotional problems; (4) timely good faith
       efforts to make restitution or to rectify the misconduct’s consequences; (5)
       full and free disclosure to the Commission or a cooperative attitude toward
       the attorney discipline proceeding; (6) inexperience in the practice of law;
       (7) character or reputation; (8) a physical disability; (9) a mental disability or
       chemical dependency, including alcoholism or drug abuse, where: (a) there
       is medical evidence that the lawyer is affected by a chemical dependency or
       mental disability, (b) the chemical dependency or mental disability caused
       the misconduct, (c) the lawyer’s recovery from the chemical dependency or
       mental disability is demonstrated by a meaningful and sustained period of
       successful rehabilitation, and (d) the recovery arrested the misconduct, and
       the misconduct’s recurrence is unlikely; (10) delay in the attorney discipline
       proceeding; (11) the imposition of other penalties or sanctions; (12) remorse;

                                              19
an absence of a disciplinary record, which the hearing judge found was a present mitigating

factor. On the other hand, the hearing judge found the existence of seven aggravating

factors:6

       (1)    Dishonest or Selfish Motive;
       (2)    A Pattern of Misconduct;
       (3)    Multiple Offenses;
       (4)    Bad Faith Obstruction of the Disciplinary Proceeding by
              Intentionally Failing to Comply with Rules or Orders of the
              Disciplinary Agency;
       (5)    Refusal to Acknowledge the Wrongful Nature of the Conduct;
       (6)    Substantial Experience in the Practice of Law; and
       (7)    Indifference to Making Restitution.

       We agree with the hearing judge that clear and convincing evidence supports each

of the above aggravating factors. Parris exhibited a dishonest or selfish motive when he

made knowing and intentional representations about the case to conceal his derelict

performance from the court and Chaddsford. Parris’s representation of Chaddsford and

       (13) remoteness of prior violations of the [MARPC]; and (14) unlikelihood
       of repetition of the misconduct.
Silbiger, 478 Md. at 636 n.13.
       6
         The list of aggravating factors we typically consult includes:
       (1) prior attorney discipline; (2) a dishonest or selfish motive; (3) a pattern
       of misconduct; (4) multiple violations of the [MARPC]; (5) bad faith
       obstruction of the attorney discipline proceeding by intentionally failing to
       comply with the Maryland Rules or orders of this Court or the hearing judge;
       (6) submission of false evidence, false statements, or other deceptive
       practices during the attorney discipline proceeding; (7) a refusal to
       acknowledge the misconduct’s wrongful nature; (8) the victim’s
       vulnerability; (9) substantial experience in the practice of law; (10)
       indifference to making restitution or rectifying the misconduct’s
       consequences; (11) illegal conduct, including that involving the use of
       controlled substances; and (12) likelihood of repetition of the misconduct.
Silbiger, 478 Md. at 635 n.11.

                                             20
conduct in these disciplinary proceedings exhibited a clear pattern of misconduct. Parris

committed multiple violations of the MARPC, as detailed above. Parris engaged in bad

faith obstruction of the disciplinary proceeding when he intentionally failed to comply with

the rules and orders of the Commission and the hearing judge.           Parris’s refusal to

acknowledge the wrongful nature of his conduct is apparent from his failure to refund

Chaddsford’s fee payments. Parris has substantial experience in the practice of law as he

has been a member of the bar of this Court since 1987. Finally, Parris’s indifference to

making restitution is evident from the fact that he made no attempt at restitution and has

not refunded Chaddsford.

       Therefore, “[t]o safeguard the public from future harm and to protect its perception

of the legal community at large,” White, 480 Md. at 393 (citing Bonner, 477 Md. at 607

and Att’y Grievance Comm’n v. Karambelas, 473 Md. 134, 177 (2021)), we conclude that

disbarment is the appropriate sanction for Parris’s “flagrant and persistent MARPC

violations,” id.

                                          IT IS SO ORDERED; RESPONDENT
                                          SHALL PAY ALL COSTS AS TAXED BY
                                          THE   CLERK   OF   THIS  COURT,
                                          INCLUDING    COSTS    OF    ALL
                                          TRANSCRIPTS,    PURSUANT     TO
                                          MARYLAND RULE 19-709(d), FOR
                                          WHICH SUM JUDGMENT IS ENTERED
                                          IN FAVOR OF THE ATTORNEY
                                          GRIEVANCE COMMISSION AGAINST
                                          KEITH ANTHONY PARRIS.

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