Court Opinion

ID: 47242
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 23:19:19+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:51.725372
License: Public Domain

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

                 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                           FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                             FILED
                                                                    U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                      ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                       FEBRUARY 8, 2006
                                       No. 03-16404
                                                                       THOMAS K. KAHN
                                                                            CLERK

                      D. C. Docket No. 02-00452 CR-T-20-MSS

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                          Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                            versus

MARK R. TUGMAN,

                                                          Defendant-Appellant.

                     Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Middle District of Florida

                                    (February 8, 2006)

                 ON REMAND FROM THE SUPREME COURT
                        OF THE UNITED STATES

Before DUBINA and FAY, Circuit Judges and GOLDBERG*, Judge.

PER CURIAM:
_______________________
*Honorable Richard W. Goldberg, Judge, United States Court of International Trade, sitting by
designation.
       This case is before the court for consideration in light of United States v.

Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 125 S. Ct. 738, 160 L. Ed. 2d 621 (2005). Tugman

previously appealed his convictions and sentences for various securities and

money laundering offenses. He also appealed the district court’s forfeiture order.

We affirmed Tugman’s convictions and sentences. See United States v. Tugman,

129 Fed. Appx. 597 (11th Cir. 2005) (unpublished table decision). The Supreme

Court vacated our prior decision and remanded the case to us for further

consideration of Booker. Tugman v. United States, 126 S. Ct. 410, 163 L. Ed. 2d

313 (2005). For the reasons that follow, we once again affirm Tugman’s

convictions and sentences.

       We conclude from the record that Tugman is not entitled to relief because

he did not attempt to raise a Blakely or Booker type issue until after he had filed

his reply brief. Nothing in the Supreme Court’s remand “for further consideration

in light of [Booker]” even suggests, let alone requires, that this court consider the

Booker issue on the merits. Moreover, even if we were to consider the issue,

Tugman would not be entitled to relief because he cannot satisfy the requisites for

plain-error relief.

       Because Tugman did not raise a Booker type issue in his initial brief, we

correctly declined to consider that issue when Tugman repeatedly tried to inject it

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into this appeal. See, e.g., United States v. Day, 405 F.3d 1293, 1294 n.1 (11th

Cir.) (Blakely argument raised for the first time in reply brief is deemed waived or

abandoned), cert. denied, 126 S. Ct. 432 (2005); United States v. Curtis, 380 F.3d

1308, 1310 (11th Cir. 2004) (“Levy and the cases relied upon therein based their

decisions upon the equally long-standing rule in this circuit, as well as in the

federal rules themselves, that issues not raised by a defendant in his initial brief on

appeal are deemed waived.”); United States v. Levy, 379 F.3d 1241, 1244 (11th

Cir. 2004) (appellant waived his Blakely claim by not raising it in his initial brief

on appeal; “this Court . . . repeatedly has refused to consider issues raised for the

first time in an appellant’s reply brief.”), reinstated after vacatur, 416 F.3d 1273

(11th Cir.), cert. denied, 126 S. Ct. 643 (2005); United States v. Nealy, 232 F.3d

825, 830 (11th Cir. 2000) (Apprendi issue could not be raised for first time in

supplemental brief).

      Even if we review Tugman’s sentence on the merits, however, he would not

be entitled to relief because he did not preserve this issue in the district court and

cannot satisfy the third and fourth requisites to relief on plain error review. If

Tugman had properly raised this issue on appeal, he would be entitled to relief

only if he demonstrated: (1) error, (2) that it is plain, (3) that affects his substantial

rights, and (4) that seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of

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judicial proceedings. United States v. Rodriguez, 398 F.3d 1291, 1298 (11th Cir.),

cert. denied, 125 S. Ct. 2935 (2005). “To establish the third prong [of plain error

review] takes something more than showing the district court sentenced within the

Guidelines range and felt bound to do so, especially given that the Guidelines

range remains an important factor in sentencing.” United States v. Shelton, 400

F.3d 1325, 1332 (11th Cir. 2005). Rather, Tugman must show that “there is a

reasonable probability of a different result if the Guidelines had been applied in an

advisory instead of binding fashion by the sentencing judge in this case.”

Rodriguez, 398 F.3d at 1301. Because the district court imposed a sentence at the

low end of the Guidelines range “does not establish a reasonable probability that

the court would have imposed a lesser sentence under an advisory regime.”

United States v. Fields, 408 F.3d 1356, 1361 (11th Cir. 2005).

      We have reviewed the lengthy sentencing transcript in this case and

conclude that nothing contained therein even hints that the district court would

have imposed a lower sentence under an advisory Guidelines regime. The district

court rejected Tugman’s request for downward departure stating that Tugman

“knows these monies are wrongfully obtained, fraudulently obtained, and has no

problem at all with directing other people to secret[e] them and spend them and

get the money to him so that he can spend it.” [Doc. 182 at 107.] The district court

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made a point of denouncing Tugman’s ploy of getting his young stepdaughter to

withdraw the embezzled funds from her account so that he could spend the funds,

when they should have been used to repay the victims of the scheme. [Doc. 182 at

113-15.] Simply put, we conclude from the record that Tugman fails to establish

that the Booker error affected his substantial rights. See Rodriguez, 398 F.3d at

1301.

        Tugman also asserts that the district court would have imposed a lower

sentence had it understood that the Guidelines were advisory. Tugman is simply

speculating that the district court would have imposed a lower sentence because it

could have done so under the advisory Guidelines scheme. “To establish the third

prong [of plain error review] takes something more than showing the district court

sentenced within the Guidelines range and felt bound to do so, especially given

that the Guidelines range remains an important factor in sentencing.” Shelton, 400

F.3d at 1332.

        Additionally, Tugman contends that the district court would have reduced

his sentence based on its finding that Tugman did not receive all the benefits of his

crime, despite the fact that the court did not find Tugman’s conduct to be

sufficiently unusual for it to be outside the heartland of fraud cases. Once again,

we view this argument as pure speculation. The district court did not depart

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downward on this ground, nor did the court say anything suggesting that it thought

a low-end sentence was too high, or unreasonable, or unwarranted. Rather, the

district court stated that, because Tugman “did not directly receive all of the

benefits of these fraudulent acts,” the court would sentence him at the low end of

the Guidelines range. [Doc. 182 at 115.]

      Finally, we conclude from the record that Tugman has failed to demonstrate

that the error seriously affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of

judicial proceedings, thereby justifying the exercise of this court’s discretion to

notice the Booker error.

      In conclusion, we hold that Booker does not apply to this case because

Tugman did not raise a Booker type issue in his initial brief and, in any event, he

has failed to satisfy the requirements for reversal under plain error review. There

is no constitutional or statutory Booker error. Accordingly, we once again affirm

Tugman’s convictions and sentences and reinstate our previous panel opinion.

      OPINION REINSTATED; CONVICTIONS AND SENTENCES

AFFIRMED.

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