Court Opinion

ID: 2651562
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-01-29 16:52:34.421484+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:56:59.962144
License: Public Domain

Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 71

                 ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                        DIVISION I
                                       No.CR-13-474

WILLIAM FOUNTAIN                                  Opinion Delivered   JANUARY 29, 2014
                               APPELLANT
                                                  APPEAL FROM THE SEBASTIAN
V.                                                COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
                                                  [NO. CR-12-204]
STATE OF ARKANSAS
                                  APPELLEE        HONORABLE STEPHEN TABOR,
                                                  JUDGE

                                                  AFFIRMED

                              BILL H. WALMSLEY, Judge

       Appellant William Fountain appeals from the revocation of his probation. He argues

that the trial court violated his right to confront witnesses against him. We affirm.

       On March 30, 2012, appellant pleaded guilty to the charge of failure to register as a sex

offender and was sentenced to five years’ suspended imposition of sentence (SIS). The State

filed a petition to revoke on November 14, 2012, alleging that appellant had committed a

new offense of failing to comply with the reporting requirements of the sex-offender act

between April 2 and November 8, 2012. The trial court revoked appellant’s SIS upon finding

that he had failed to report a change of address. The court found that while appellant received

mail and kept some clothes at his registered address, “he did not maintain any residence there

and may very well have not maintained a residence anywhere based on his nomadic lifestyle.”

Appellant was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment and eight years’ SIS.
                                   Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 71

       Michael McCoy, the sex-offender coordinator for the Fort Smith Police Department,

testified at the revocation hearing that appellant’s registered address was 2820 South 60th

Street. Officers performed a compliance check at the address on October 24, 2012, but

appellant was not there. McCoy went to the address the following day and spoke to the

owner of the residence, James Patterson. Appellant objected “to whatever Mr. Patterson said”

based on the Confrontation Clause right to confront and cross-examine witnesses. The

objection was overruled. McCoy testified that Patterson told him that appellant had not lived

there in several months.

       Appellant argues that the trial court violated his right to confront witnesses against him

in allowing this testimony. Although in a revocation hearing a defendant is not entitled to

the full panoply of rights that attend a criminal prosecution, he is entitled to due process.

Reynolds v. State, 2012 Ark. App. 705. Arkansas Code Annotated section 16-93-307(c)(1)

(Supp. 2011) provides that, in revocation proceedings, a defendant has the right to counsel

and to confront and cross-examine an adverse witness unless the court specifically finds good

cause for not allowing confrontation. We have held that the trial court must balance the

probationer’s right to confront witnesses against grounds asserted by the State for not

requiring confrontation. Reynolds, supra. First, the court should assess the explanation offered

by the State for why confrontation is undesirable or impractical. Id. A second factor that

must be considered is the reliability of the evidence that the State offers in place of live

testimony. Id.

       No such analysis took place here, and the court did not find good cause. However,

                                               2
                                   Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 71

when error occurs at revocation proceedings involving the constitutional right to confront

adverse witnesses, those errors are subject to harmless-error analysis. Reynolds, supra. Among

the factors for the court to consider in determining whether a Confrontation Clause violation

is harmless error are the importance of the witness’s testimony in the State’s case; whether the

testimony was cumulative; the presence or absence of evidence corroborating or contradicting

the testimony of the witness on material points; the extent of cross-examination otherwise

permitted; and the overall strength of the State’s case. Id. This court does not reverse unless

prejudice has been shown. Id.

       We agree with the State that the error here was harmless. Even without McCoy’s

testimony concerning what Patterson told him, there was overwhelming evidence that

appellant had violated the conditions of his SIS. Under the Sex Offender Registration Act,

a sex offender is required to report a change of address. Ark. Code Ann. § 12-12-906 (Supp.

2011). “Change of address” or other words of similar import mean a change of residence or

a change for more than thirty days of temporary domicile, change of location of employment,

education or training, or any other change that alters where a sex offender regularly spends

a substantial amount of time. Ark. Code Ann. § 12-12-903(4) (Supp. 2011).

       Excluding the testimony allowed over appellant’s objection, McCoy testified that other

people had told him that appellant was working and living in a travel trailer parked at a car

lot on Carthage Street. Although McCoy never saw appellant there, he did see the vehicle

appellant drove, a white Ford van, parked at the trailer. McCoy never saw appellant or the

van at his registered address. The testimony of appellant and his witnesses provided even

                                               3
                                     Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 71

stronger evidence that appellant had regularly spent a substantial amount of time at a location

other than his registered address.

       Appellant testified that he had lived at his registered address until shortly before

Halloween when a confrontation with Mr. Patterson caused him to move out. However,

when asked if he had lived elsewhere during the relevant time period, appellant testified about

several instances of staying with his niece for days at a time and going camping for days at a

time. He also said that he intermittently worked at the car lot as a night watchman and would

stay in the trailer at the lot for two to three days at a time. He further testified that he had

spent nights with his girlfriend, Judy Warnock. Appellant said that he had been staying at the

Patterson residence about ten to fifteen days a month. Warnock confirmed that after she

started dating appellant in September 2012, he would stay at her home for two or three days

at a time.

       Thus, the statement by Mr. Patterson was merely cumulative and was corroborated by

other evidence. The other testimony clearly demonstrated that appellant had been regularly

spending a substantial amount of time at locations other than his registered address. To

revoke a suspended sentence, the trial court must find by a preponderance of the evidence that

the defendant inexcusably violated a condition of suspension, and we will not reverse the trial

court’s decision to revoke unless it is clearly against the preponderance of the evidence.

Reynolds, supra. Appellant argues that we should not consider the evidence provided by his

witnesses because the trial court should have granted his directed-verdict motion at the close

of the State’s case after sustaining his Confrontation Clause objection. However, appellant

                                                4
                                 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 71

cites no authority establishing that we cannot consider all corroborating evidence in

conducting our harmless-error analysis. We hold that the trial court’s error was harmless.

       Affirmed.

       PITTMAN and HIXSON, JJ., agree.

       David L. Dunagin, for appellant.

       Dustin McDaniel, Att’y Gen., by: Nicana S. Sherman, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.

                                             5