Court Opinion

ID: 4542261
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-06-18 14:08:49.408934+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:49:34.209713
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                              APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
       This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-
                                                            3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-4656-18T2

KENIA NUNEZ,

           Appellant,

v.

BOARD OF REVIEW,
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,
and NEW JERSEY SCHOOLS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY,

     Respondents.
___________________________

                    Submitted June 1, 2020 – Decided June 18, 2020

                    Before Judges Geiger and Natali.

                    On appeal from the Board of Review, Department of
                    Labor, Docket No. 176,359.

                    Kenia Nunez, appellant pro se.

                    Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney for
                    respondent Board of Review, (Donna Sue Arons,
                    Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Achchana C.
                    Ranasinghe, Deputy Attorney General, on the brief.)
            Respondent New Jersey Schools              Development
            Authority has not filed a brief.

PER CURIAM

      Appellant Kenia Nunez appeals from the June 3, 2019 final decision of

respondent Board of Review (Board), which affirmed the April 9, 2019 decision

of the Appeal Tribunal that appellant was disqualified from receiving

unemployment benefits pursuant to N.J.S.A. 43:21-5(a). The Board denied

appellant's benefits, finding she left her employment at respondent New Jersey

Schools Development Authority (SDA) voluntarily without good cause

attributable to her work. We affirm.

      Appellant was employed by the SDA as the Deputy Director of Grants

from October 15, 2018 to February 8, 2019. According to appellant's testimony

before the Appeal Tribunal, the SDA's Deputy Chief of Staff, Patricia Cabrera,

informed her on February 7, 2019 that the agency received a phone call from a

reporter regarding allegations of sexual harassment lodged against appellant

approximately two years earlier when she was the Township Administrator for

Buena Vista Township. Cabrera received a copy of the complaint from the

reporter via fax and, while reading through the complaint in appellant's

presence, told appellant that "this does not look good for the agency" and "[t]his

is not . . . good for you and . . . your perspective (sic) employment." Appellant

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stated that Cabrera also told her that "the State Legislative Committee is still

investigating . . . [a rape] allegation from the prior Chief of Staff [who] left

under a scandal and this does not look good for the agency."

      Appellant then provided Cabrera with a copy of the settlement agreement,

as well as a letter from her accuser to the Township and to the Division of Civil

Rights withdrawing his sexual harassment complaint. Cabrera acknowledged

the settlement, but she emphasized the agreement did not specifically release

appellant. Appellant stated that "although . . . [Cabrera] was sympathetic with

my situation[,]" Cabrera informed her that "the perception of those documents

. . . leaves [her] open to public judgment" and again that "this doesn't look good

for the [SDA]." Appellant responded that there was no merit to the allegations,

the Township Committee did not ask her to resign or step down, she was not

fired, and she did not disclose it to the SDA because she "didn't think it was

even relevant because none of that even happened here."

      Eventually, the SDA Chief of Staff joined the meeting and left with

Cabrera to discuss the situation outside of appellant's presence. Appellant was

then instructed to go home and was informed that they would "deal with this

tomorrow" as it was the end of the day and Cabrera and the Chief of Staff were

"going to be [there] for a while."

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        The following day, appellant went to work in the morning but received a

phone call about a water-related emergency in her basement. She returned to

her home around 10:30 a.m. and received a call from Cabrera who informed her

that the reporter was going to "release the story [about] you in the next hour or

so." Appellant responded that she was in "an emergency situation and [she]

cannot deal with this situation at all" and that "[t]his has nothing to do with my

role at the SDA." She further informed Cabrera that she "[didn't] have ti me for

this at all[,]" that she resigned effective immediately, and then "hung up and sent

an email" confirming her resignation.1

        When asked by the hearing officer whether she left her position due to

conditions of the job or because "this issue had now followed [her] to this job

and that was just too much to have to deal with[,]" appellant confirmed that it

was the latter. She specifically stated that "[i]t's a big accusation and I just

couldn't deal with that" as she was "under too much pressure and . . . didn't want

to be subject . . . to an investigation." She concluded that "[i]t was already . . .

an embarrassment[,] a humilitation[,] and [she] just couldn't [live through it

again]."

1
    A copy of the email is not contained in the record.
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      After resigning, appellant filed a claim for unemployment benefits on

February 10, 2019. The Deputy of the Division of Unemployment and Disability

Insurance   (Deputy)    denied    appellant's   application   and   imposed      a

disqualification for benefits "on the ground that the claimant left work

voluntarily without good cause attributable to the work." Appellant appealed

that determination to the Appeal Tribunal on March 14, 2019 and participated

in a telephonic hearing. The SDA did not participate in the hearing.

      In its April 9, 2019 written decision, the Appeal Tribunal first found that

appellant resigned because "she did not want to have to deal with the harassment

situation all over again[,]" but that she "was under no threat of imminent

termination at the time she resigned." In upholding the determination of the

Deputy, it noted that while it understood her decision to leave, "her reason for

leaving was personal and unrelated to the work itself" as she "had no issues with

the actual job, yet she left because the old harassment issue had come back."

The Appeal Tribunal concluded that based on appellant's testimony, she "could

have been working any job at that time, yet she would have left because that old

issue resurfaced." Consequently, it reached the same conclusion as the Deputy

that appellant was disqualified from unemployment benefits as she "left work

voluntarily, without good cause attributable to the work."

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       Appellant filed a timely appeal of the April 9, 2019 Appeal Tribunal

determination with the Board. In its June 3, 2019 decision, the Board, after

reviewing the record, first determined that there was no valid ground for an

additional hearing as appellant "was given a full and impartial hearing and a

complete opportunity to offer any and all evidence" and affirmed the decision

of the Appeal Tribunal. This appeal followed.

       Our review of an administrative agency decision is limited. Brady v. Bd.

of Review, 152 N.J. 197, 210 (1997). "[I]n reviewing the factual findings made

in an unemployment compensation proceeding, the test is not whether [we]

would come to the same conclusion if the original determination was [ours] to

make, but rather whether the factfinder could reasonably so conclude upon the

proofs." Ibid. (quoting Charatan v. Bd. of Review, 200 N.J. Super. 74, 79 (App.

Div. 1985)). "If the Board's factual findings are supported 'by sufficient credible

evidence, [we] are obliged to accept them.'" Ibid. (quoting Self v. Bd. of

Review, 91 N.J. 453, 459, (1982)). We also give due regard to the agency's

credibility findings. Logan v. Bd. of Review, 299 N.J. Super. 346, 348 (App.

Div. 1997). "Unless . . . the agency's action was arbitrary, capricious, or

unreasonable, the agency's ruling should not be disturbed." Brady, 152 N.J. at

210.

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      "The underlying purpose of the Unemployment Compensation Law 'is to

provide some income for the worker earning nothing because he is out of work

through no fault or act of his own.'" Futterman v. Bd. of Review, 421 N.J. Super.

281, 288 (App. Div. 2011) (emphasis omitted) (quoting Brady, 152 N.J. at 212).

A person is disqualified for benefits:

            For the week in which the individual has left work
            voluntarily without good cause attributable to such
            work, and for each week thereafter until the individual
            becomes reemployed and works eight weeks in
            employment . . . .

            [N.J.S.A. 43:21-5(a).]

      An employee who leaves work voluntarily has the burden of proving that

he or she "did so with good cause attributable to work." Brady, 152 N.J. at 218;

N.J.A.C. 12:17-9.1(c). "While the statute does not define 'good cause,' our

courts have construed the statute to mean 'cause sufficient to justify an

employee's voluntarily leaving the ranks of the employed and joining the ranks

of the unemployed.'" Domenico v. Bd. of Review, 192 N.J. Super. 284, 287

(App. Div. 1983) (quoting Condo v. Bd. of Review, 158 N.J. Super. 172, 174

(App. Div. 1978)). N.J.A.C. 12:17-9.1(b) defines "good cause attributable to

such work" as "a reason related directly to the individual's employment, which

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was so compelling as to give the individual no choice but to leave the

employment."

      An employee who leaves work for good, but personal, reasons is not

deemed to have left work voluntarily with good cause. Brady, 152 N.J. at 213;

Self, 91 N.J. at 457; Rider Coll. v. Bd. of Review, 167 N.J. Super. 42, 47-8 (App.

Div. 1979). "Mere dissatisfaction with working conditions which are not shown

to be abnormal or do not affect health, does not constitute good cause for leaving

work voluntarily." Domenico, 192 N.J. Super. at 288 (quoting Medwick v. Bd.

of Review, 69 N.J. Super. 338, 345 (App. Div. 1961)). "The decision to leave

employment must be compelled by real, substantial and reasonable

circumstances . . . attributable to the work." Shuster v. Bd. of Review, 396 N.J.

Super. 240, 244-45 (App. Div. 2007) (quoting Fernandez v. Bd. of Review, 304

N.J. Super. 603, 606 (App. Div. 1997)). "[I]t is the employee's responsibility to

do what is necessary and reasonable in order to remain employed." Domenico,

192 N.J. Super. at 288.

      If "an employee knows that he or she is about to be fired, the employee

may quit without becoming ineligible." Cottman v. Bd. of Review, Dep't of

Labor & Workforce Dev., & Quality Mgmt. Co., 454 N.J. Super. 166, 170 (App.

Div. 2018). Thus, "an employee need not wait to be fired when discharge is

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imminent[,]" but instead "may resign and still be eligible for benefits." Id. at

172-73. The determination of whether a worker quit in the face of being fired

calls for a fact-sensitive analysis "of all relevant factors." Utley v. Bd. of

Review, 194 N.J. 534, 548 (2008). The facts must "'indicate a strong probability

that fears about the employee's job security will in fact materialize, that serious

impending threats to [the employee's] job will be realized, and that the

employee's belief that his [or her] job is imminently threatened is well founded.'"

Shuster, 396 N.J. Super. at 245 (quoting Fernandez, 304 N.J. Super. at 606).

      Guided by these legal principles, we perceive no basis to disturb the

Board's finding as appellant failed to satisfy the high threshold for establishing

imminent discharge. Rather than testifying that her discharge was a certainty,

appellant clearly stated that she resigned to avoid dealing with public scrutiny

regarding the sexual harassment complaint emanating from her prior

employment a second time. In her words, she "just couldn't deal with that[,]"

was "under too much pressure[,]" and "didn't want to be subject . . . to an

investigation" that was already embarrassing and humiliating.          Appellant's

reasons for resigning may have been understandable, but they were nevertheless

personal.

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      Further, the discussions appellant had with Cabrera did not include

language that could reasonably be interpreted as a "very strong likelihood of

imminent discharge." See Shuster, 396 N.J. Super at 247. Although Cabrera

expressed her initial concerns as to the effect public disclosure of the prior

harassment complaint would have on the SDA, appellant and her prospective

employment, Cabrera did not state that appellant would be fired, she needed to

resign, or that she needed to start looking for another job.

      To the extent appellant argues that she was expected to resign because the

former SDA Chief of Staff resigned when confronted with a rape allegation,

such an assumption on the current record is "[m]ere speculation . . . insufficient

to establish good cause[,]" see Fernandez, 304 N.J. Super. at 606, particularly

considering appellant advised Cabrera that the Township Committee did not ask

her to resign, she was not fired, and rather than being accused of a serious crime,

her accuser withdrew the sexual harassment complaint. We also note that

appellant resigned before learning the results of the meeting Cabrera had with

the Chief of Staff the night before and only after she learned a reporter would

publish the fact that she was the subject of a prior harassment complaint.

      In sum, we are satisfied that the determination that appellant left work

voluntarily without good cause attributable to the work is amply supported by

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substantial credible evidence in the record as a whole, and is not arbitrary,

capricious, or unreasonable.

      To the extent we have not specifically addressed any of appellant's

arguments, it is because we consider them sufficiently without merit to require

discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(D) and (E).

      Affirmed.

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