Court Opinion

ID: 4660622
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-02-16 21:00:47.89374+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:08.038342
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        FEB 16 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ROBERTO ISAAC DE LEON GRAMAJO,                  No.    18-70268

                Petitioner,                     Agency No. A072-172-011

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
ROBERT M. WILKINSON, Acting
Attorney General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                          Submitted February 11, 2021**
                            San Francisco, California

Before: HURWITZ and BRESS, Circuit Judges, and FEINERMAN,*** District
Judge.

      Roberto de Leon Gramajo, a native and citizen of Guatemala who entered the

United States without authorization, sought asylum, withholding of removal, and

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Gary Feinerman, United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Illinois, sitting by designation.
protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). After a hearing in 2009,

an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) found de Leon not credible, denied his applications for

relief, and ordered him removed. The Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”)

dismissed de Leon’s appeal, and we denied in part and dismissed in part his petition

for review. Gramajo v. Holder, 519 F. App’x 443 (9th Cir. 2013).

      In 2017, de Leon filed a motion to reopen, claiming that he had helped law

enforcement locate and extradite a fugitive from Guatemala and asserting a fear of

persecution by the fugitive’s family and gang affiliates if removed. The BIA denied

the motion as untimely, finding that de Leon had alleged a change in personal

circumstances, not country conditions, and that he also did not provide sufficient

evidence to substantiate his claim that the fugitive’s gang-affiliated family members

were looking for him. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review the

BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion and determine whether

the agency “acted arbitrarily, irrationally or contrary to law.” Toufighi v. Mukasey,

538 F.3d 988, 992 (9th Cir. 2008). Finding no abuse of discretion, we deny the

petition.

      1.     De Leon’s motion to reopen was filed years past the ninety-day filing

deadline. 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(i). To establish timeliness on the basis of

changed country conditions, it was de Leon’s burden to present evidence that “is

material and was not available and would not have been discovered or presented at

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the previous proceeding.” Id. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii); see also Agonafer v. Sessions,

859 F.3d 1198, 1203-04 (9th Cir. 2017). A motion to reopen may not rely “solely

on a change in personal circumstances,” but may be premised “on evidence of

changed country conditions that” are made material “in light of the petitioner’s

changed circumstances.” Chandra v. Holder, 751 F.3d 1034, 1036-37 (9th Cir.

2014).

      2.    The BIA reasonably concluded that de Leon did not meet this burden.

While de Leon argues that gang activity in Guatemala has materially worsened since

his previous hearing, the evidence submitted in support of his application to reopen

does not compel that conclusion. See He v. Gonzales, 501 F.3d 1128, 1131-33 (9th

Cir. 2007); see also Quinonez v. Lynch, 648 F. App’x 634, 635 (9th Cir. 2016).

Rather, the record shows that gang violence in Guatemala has been longstanding.

Thus, even if de Leon’s purported recent activities have made him a potential target

of gang violence, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in concluding that he has not

established changed country conditions. See He, 501 F.3d at 1133; see also

Chandra, 751 F.3d at 1037.

      PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.

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