Court Opinion

ID: 4259443
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-03-29 16:11:09.340679+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:31:27.286336
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
                                                                             FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any                               Mar 29 2018, 9:30 am

court except for the purpose of establishing                                 CLERK
                                                                         Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                     Court of Appeals
                                                                              and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Kristin A. Mulholland
LeBlanc & Mulholland, LLC
Crown Point, Indiana

                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In Re:                                                  March 29, 2018
The Marriage of Eric Johnson,                           Court of Appeals Case No.
Appellant-Petitioner,                                   64A03-1711-DR-2575
                                                        Appeal from the Porter Superior
        v.                                              Court 2
                                                        The Honorable William E. Alexa,
Janet Johnson,                                          Judge
Appellee-Respondent                                     The Honorable Katherine R.
                                                        Forbes, Magistrate
                                                        Trial Court Cause No.
                                                        64D02-1210-DR-10904

Vaidik, Chief Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 64A03-1711-DR-2575 | March 29, 2018            Page 1 of 8
                                          Case Summary
      In dissolving the thirty-four-year marriage of Eric Johnson (“Husband”) and

      Janet Johnson (“Wife”), the trial court evenly split Husband’s 401(k) between

      them but ordered Husband to pay 90% and Wife to pay 10% of a parent PLUS

      loan that Husband took out to assist with their children’s college expenses.

      Based on the disparity in the parties’ incomes, we find that the trial court did

      not err in dividing the parties’ assets and debts. The court erred, however, by

      making Wife’s obligation to pay her portion of the loan contingent on an action

      being filed against Husband to collect on the loan. We therefore affirm in part

      and reverse and remand in part.

                            Facts and Procedural History
[1]   Husband and Wife were married in 1980. The couple had three children, each

      of whom attended college. The youngest child last attended college in 2008.

      Husband took out approximately $43,100 in parent PLUS loans to assist with

      the children’s college expenses. See Tr. Vol. II p. 44. Husband didn’t pay

      “much at all” toward the loans because he was “in a financial bind.” Id. at 45.

      At some point he consolidated the loans into one.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 64A03-1711-DR-2575 | March 29, 2018   Page 2 of 8
[2]   Husband filed for divorce in October 2012 and for Chapter 13 bankruptcy in

      2014.1 A final hearing was held in the divorce case on November 3, 2014, and

      Wife failed to appear. The trial court issued a decree of dissolution one week

      later.

[3]   Thereafter, Wife filed a motion to set aside the decree. In March 2016, the trial

      court, based on an agreement between the parties, set aside the property

      division contained in the decree. Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 12.

[4]   The trial court held a hearing regarding property division in June 2017. At

      issue was Husband’s 401(k) and the loan.2 Evidence was presented regarding

      Husband’s and Wife’s earning abilities. That is, Husband was earning $66,000

      a year as a supervisor for a trucking company; Wife was earning $8.00/hour

      working thirty-five hours per week as a preschool teacher. Evidence was also

      presented that Husband’s 401(k) was valued at $44,020.10 when he filed for

      divorce in October 2012. As for the loan, Husband testified that he had not

      made any payments on it since 2012 and that it had a balance of “around 80

      some thousand.” Tr. Vol. II p. 40. The exhibit Husband presented showed that

      as of December 26, 2013, the loan had a balance of $68,187.17. Ex. 1.

      Husband said that although he was currently in bankruptcy proceedings, the

      1
       Husband did not know what month in 2014 he filed for bankruptcy, but it was before November 10, 2014,
      as the decree of dissolution notes that the marital residence “is in [the] Chapter 13 bankruptcy filing of the
      Husband.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 8.
      2
        There was other property in the marriage, but neither party challenged how the trial court divided it in the
      November 2014 decree of dissolution. See Tr. Vol. II p. 47 (attorneys for Husband and Wife agreeing that the
      trial court’s division of the other property could “remain as it was in th[e] original” decree).

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 64A03-1711-DR-2575 | March 29, 2018               Page 3 of 8
loan would not be discharged and that he “would have to pay [it].”3 Tr. Vol. II

p. 39. Based on Husband’s earning ability, Wife asked the trial court to award

her half of his 401(k) and to order Husband to pay the entire loan. Husband, on

the other hand, asked the court to award him all of his 401(k). In exchange, he

said that he would “assume 100%” of the loan. Id. at 43. Following the

hearing, the court awarded Wife half of Husband’s 401(k).4 As for the loan, the

court found:

         Husband has paid very little, if anything, on these loans. The
         amount that is now due is close to twice the amount that
         Husband originally borrowed. . . . [N]o action has been filed
         against Husband to collect these debts. His tax refunds have not
         been intercepted to be applied towards the debt nor have his
         wages been garnished. Husband requests the Court order him to
         be responsible for the school loan debt and in return award to
         him 100% of his 401-k. The Court finds to do so, would result in
         an injustice to [Wife]. The Court doubts if he is ever going to be
         forced to pay any of these loans back and to award him 100% of
         his 401-k would not be equitable under the circumstances.
         Additionally, Husband’s income is over 3 times that of Wife.

Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 15.

3
  Although student loans generally are not dischargeable in bankruptcy, a bankruptcy filing operates as an
automatic stay of the collection of debts. See 11 U.S.C. § 362. Accordingly, since 2014 there have been no
efforts by the Department of Education to collect on this loan.
4
 Because Husband gave Wife $1000 from his 401(k) during a period when the parties reconciled (after
Husband filed for divorce in October 2012 but before the divorce was finalized in November 2014), the actual
amount awarded was $21,010.05. In addition, because Husband had withdrawn a large sum of money from
his 401(k) and that amount no longer existed in the 401(k), see Tr. Vol. II p. 36, the court found that “the sum
of $21,010.05 is reduced to judgment in favor of the Wife,” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 14.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 64A03-1711-DR-2575 | March 29, 2018               Page 4 of 8
[5]   Husband filed a motion to correct error, arguing that the trial court “committed

      error in not dividing the U.S. Department of Education debt between the

      parties” and in “essentially requiring [him] to pay 100% of the [marital] debt.”

      Id. at 16-17. Husband claimed that the fact that the Department of Education

      had not yet begun collection efforts did not mean that he won’t have to pay

      back the loan at some point. A hearing was held in September 2017, following

      which the court ordered:

              That with respect to the U.S. Department of Education Loan, the
              Court erred in not ordering Wife to be responsible for a portion
              of the outstanding loan. The Court now corrects said error and
              finds that the outstanding loan shall be divided with the Wife
              being responsible for 10% of said loan and Husband 90% of said
              loan. This amount shall not be subtracted from Wife’s share of
              the Husband’s 401-k but shall be paid, if and when, an action is
              filed to collect on this obligation. If and when this happens,
              Husband shall provide Wife with all paperwork associated with
              the collection process and Wife shall pay her share directly to the
              agency seeking to collect said debt. The Court finds that this
              unequal division of the loan is fair and equitable due to the fact
              that there is a huge disparity in the parties’ income and
              Husband[] has a greater ability to pay such loan.

      Id. at 19.

[6]   Husband now appeals.

                                Discussion and Decision
[7]   Husband appeals the trial court’s division of the parties’ property. Wife has not

      filed an appellee’s brief. When the appellee has failed to submit a brief, we
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 64A03-1711-DR-2575 | March 29, 2018   Page 5 of 8
      need not undertake the burden of developing an argument on the appellee’s

      behalf. Rather, we will reverse the trial court’s judgment if the appellant’s brief

      presents a case of prima facie error. Trinity Homes, LLC v. Fang, 848 N.E.2d
1065, 1068 (Ind. 2006). Prima facie error in this context is defined as, “at first

      sight, on first appearance, or on the face of it.” Id. Where an appellant is

      unable to meet this burden, we will affirm. Id.

[8]   In a dissolution action, the trial court must divide the property of the parties in

      a just and reasonable manner. Ind. Code § 31-15-7-4. An equal division is

      presumed just and reasonable, but a party may rebut this presumption by

      presenting evidence concerning the following factors:

              (1) The contribution of each spouse to the acquisition of the
              property, regardless of whether the contribution was income
              producing.

              (2) The extent to which the property was acquired by each
              spouse:

                      (A) before the marriage; or

                      (B) through inheritance or gift.

              (3) The economic circumstances of each spouse at the time the
              disposition of the property is to become effective, including the
              desirability of awarding the family residence or the right to dwell
              in the family residence for such periods as the court considers just
              to the spouse having custody of any children.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 64A03-1711-DR-2575 | March 29, 2018   Page 6 of 8
                (4) The conduct of the parties during the marriage as related to
                the disposition or dissipation of their property.

                (5) The earnings or earning ability of the parties as related to:

                       (A) a final division of property; and

                       (B) a final determination of the property rights of the
                       parties.

       Ind. Code § 31-15-7-5.

[9]    The trial court’s division of property is “highly fact sensitive.” Love v. Love, 10
N.E.3d 1005, 1012 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014). We will reverse a property division

       only if there is no rational basis for the award, and although the circumstances

       may have justified a different division, we may not substitute our judgment for

       that of the trial court. Augspurger v. Hudson, 802 N.E.2d 503, 512 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2004).

[10]   Husband argues that the trial court’s division of his 401(k) 50-50 but its division

       of the loan 90-10 is “not fair or reasonable.” Appellant’s Br. p. 13. As the trial

       court explained in its order, the “unequal division of the loan is fair and

       equitable due to the fact that there is a huge disparity in the parties’ income and

       Husband[] has a greater ability to pay such loan.” At the time of the hearing,

       Husband was making $66,000 a year while Wife was making $8.00/hour

       working thirty-five hours per week. This is a rational basis for the unequal

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 64A03-1711-DR-2575 | March 29, 2018   Page 7 of 8
       division of the loan. Accordingly, the court did not err in ordering Husband to

       pay 90% of the loan.

[11]   Husband also challenges the following portion of the trial court’s order

       regarding when Wife’s obligation to pay her portion of the loan triggers:

               [Wife’s 10%] shall be paid, if and when, an action is filed to
               collect on this obligation. If and when this happens, Husband
               shall provide Wife with all paperwork associated with the
               collection process and Wife shall pay her share directly to the
               agency seeking to collect said debt.

       Husband asserts that if he voluntarily pays the debt without an action being

       “filed” against him—for example, if he enters into a repayment agreement with

       the Department of Education—Wife will never be required to pay anything. As

       the order is currently written, Husband is technically correct. We therefore

       remand this case for the trial court to amend its order to provide something

       along these lines:

               Wife’s 10% shall be paid if and when collection is instituted
               against Husband or Husband begins paying the loan. If and
               when this happens, Husband shall provide Wife with all
               paperwork associated with the payment process and Wife shall
               pay 10% of the payment directly to the creditor.

       Affirmed in part, reversed and remanded in part.

       Barnes, J., and Pyle, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 64A03-1711-DR-2575 | March 29, 2018   Page 8 of 8