Court Opinion

ID: 4452323
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-11-01 14:09:14.604591+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:37:09.546385
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-0114-18T2

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

NASHON BROWN,

     Defendant-Appellant.
____________________________

                    Submitted October 8, 2019 – Decided November 1, 2019

                    Before Judges Currier and Firko.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Essex County, Indictment No. 14-07-1749.

                    Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
                    appellant (Michele A. Adubato, Designated Counsel,
                    on the brief).

                    Theodore N. Stephens II, Acting Essex County
                    Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (Frank J. Ducoat,
                    Special Deputy Attorney General/Acting Assistant
                    Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).

PER CURIAM
      Defendant Nashon Brown appeals from an order of the Law Division

denying his petition for post-conviction relief (PCR). We affirm.

                                          I.

      The following facts are taken from the record.           On April 26, 2014,

defendant was the subject of a search by parole officers who found more than

fourteen grams of heroin hidden in a shoe box. Defendant admitted during his

plea allocution that it was his intent to sell, share, or give the heroin to others.

      On July 10, 2014, defendant was indicted for third-degree possession of a

controlled dangerous substance (CDS), N.J.S.A. 2C:35-10(a) (count one); first-

degree possession of a CDS with intent to distribute, N.J.S.A. 2C:35-5(a)(1)

(count two); and third-degree possession of a CDS with intent to distribute

within 1000 feet of a school, N.J.S.A. 2C:35-7(a) (count three).

      On September 25, 2015, defendant pled guilty pursuant to a negotiated

plea agreement to count two, as amended to second-degree possession of a CDS,

with intent to distribute, N.J.S.A. 2C:35-5(a)(1).

      Pursuant to the plea agreement, the State agreed to dismiss counts one and

three of the indictment, and recommended a sentence of a five-year term of

imprisonment with no parole ineligibility term. On March 28, 2016, the court

sentenced defendant to a five-year sentence, to run concurrent with a separate

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parole violation under a different Essex County Indictment, No. 09-05-1460,

without a period of parole ineligibility.

      On June 9, 2016, defendant filed an appeal of his sentence, arguing he was

illegally deprived of jail credit. Defendant's sentence was affirmed. We found

no deprivation of jail credit. State v. Brown, No. A-4243-15 (App. Div. Nov.

15, 2016).

      On November 29, 2016, defendant filed a pro se petition for PCR, and on

April 21, 2017, he filed a notice of motion for jail time credit alleging his trial

counsel was ineffective for leading defendant to believe he would receive

twenty-three months of jail credit. Defendant filed another pro se petition for

PCR on August 14, 2017 seeking the same relief.

      On August 25, 2017, the trial court denied defendant's motion for jail

credit because of his parole violation. Thereafter, on September 26, 2017, the

PCR court appointed counsel, who submitted a brief in support of defendant's

PCR petition. Defendant alleged that his plea counsel was ineffective for: (1)

failing to meet with him and provide discovery prior to the plea bargain; (2)

threatening defendant with an extended sentence if he did not accept the plea

offer; and (3) misleading him as to the amount of jail credit he would receive.

The PCR court heard argument and issued a written opinion denying the petition

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without an evidentiary hearing on June 19, 2018. In her opinion, the PCR court

found defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims failed because

defendant presented no evidence supporting his allegations, only bald assertions.

Specifically, the PCR court found notwithstanding defendant's criminal record,

he was given the lowest possible sentence for a second-degree crime, therefore,

no prejudice was shown. This appeal followed.

                                       II.

      On appeal, defendant raises, through counsel, the following issues:

            POINT I

            THE DEFENDANT'S PCR PETITION WAS NOT
            PROCEDURALLY BARRED.

            POINT II

            THE POST-CONVICTION RELIEF COURT ERRED
            IN DENYING THE DEFENDANT'S PETITION FOR
            POST-CONVICTION      RELIEF    WITHOUT
            AFFORDING HIM AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING
            TO FULLY ADDRESS HIS CONTENTION THAT HE
            FAILED TO RECEIVE ADEQUATE LEGAL
            REPRESENTATION FROM PLEA COUNSEL.

            A.    LEGAL PRINCIPLES.

            B.    FAILURE TO PROVIDE DEFENDANT WITH
                  FULL DISCOVERY AND TO KEEP HIM
                  FULLY INFORMED OF THE STATUS OF THE
                  CASE.

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            C.      FAILURE    OF PLEA  COUNSEL   TO
                    CORRECTLY ADVISE DEFENDANT AS TO
                    JAIL CREDITS.

            D.      FAILURE OF PCR COURT TO CONDUCT AN
                    EVIDENTIARY HEARING.

      In his pro se brief, defendant raised these additional issues:

            POINT ONE

            JAIL TIME SHOULD BE AWARDED IN
            ACCORDANCE WITH THE PLEA AGREEMENT
            AND   PURSUANT   TO   THE   FOURTH
            AMENDMENT.

            POINT TWO

            COUNSEL    AND   THE   COURT   [WERE]
            INEFFECTIVE,  IN  VIOLATION  OF  THE
            DEFENDANT'S SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH
            AMENDMENT[] [RIGHTS].

      The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I,

paragraph 10 of the New Jersey Constitution guarantee that a defendant in a

criminal proceeding has the right to the assistance of counsel in his defense. The

right to counsel includes "the right to the effective assistance of counsel." State

v. Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 541 (2013) (quoting Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.
668, 686 (1984)).

      In Strickland, the Court established a two-prong test, later adopted by our

Supreme Court in State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42, 58 (1987), to determine whether a

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defendant has been deprived of the effective assistance of counsel. Strickland,
466 U.S. at 687; Fritz, 105 N.J. at 58.

      Under the first prong of the Strickland/Fritz standard, a petitioner "must

show that counsel's performance was deficient." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. It

must be demonstrated that counsel's representation "fell below an objective

standard of reasonableness," and that "counsel made errors so serious that

counsel was not functioning as the 'counsel' guaranteed the defendant by the

Sixth Amendment." Id. at 687-88.

      Under the second prong of the Strickland/Fritz standard, a defendant

"must show that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense." Id. at 687.

There must be a "reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofession al

errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different." Id. at 694.

Defendant must demonstrate that "counsel's errors were so serious as to deprive

the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable." Id. at 687.

      A petitioner must establish both prongs of the Strickland/Fritz standard in

order to obtain a successful reversal of the challenged conviction. Id. at 697;

Fritz, 105 N.J. at 52. A failure to satisfy either prong of the Strickland/Fritz

standard requires the denial of a petition for PCR. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 700;

State v. Parker, 212 N.J. 269, 280 (2012).

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      A PCR court should grant an evidentiary hearing "to resolve ineffective-

assistance-of-counsel claims" if a defendant has demonstrated a "reasonable

likelihood" of succeeding under the Strickland/Fritz standard. State v. Preciose,

129 N.J. 451, 462-63 (1992). In deciding whether to grant an evidentiary

hearing, the court must view the facts presented in support of the PCR petition

"in the light most favorable to [the] defendant." Ibid.

      A defendant may assert a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel "when

counsel fails to conduct an adequate pre-trial investigation." State v. Porter, 216
N.J. 343, 352 (2013). This claim is based on the trial counsel's "dut y to make

reasonable investigations or to make a reasonable decision that makes particular

investigations unnecessary." State v. Chew, 179 N.J. 186, 217 (2004) (quoting

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 691).

      A PCR petition that alleges trial counsel was deficient due to counsel's

failure to adequately investigate must include "the facts that an investigation

would have revealed, supported by affidavits or certifications based upon the

personal knowledge of the affiant or the person making the certification." State

v. Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. 154, 170 (App. Div. 1999). When presented with

such supporting documents, the appellate court "consider[s] petitioner's

contentions indulgently and view[s] the facts asserted by him in the light most

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favorable to him." Porter, 216 N.J. at 353 (alterations in original) (quoting

Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. at 170).

      Viewing the facts asserted by a defendant in the light most favorable to

him or her does not mean that the court should treat bare assertions included in

the PCR petition as sufficient proof for a prima facie case of ineffectiveness.

Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. at 170-71. Without evidence as to what testimony

or evidence would have been discovered had trial counsel investigated further,

a defendant's allegations do not create a prima facie showing of ineffective

assistance of counsel. Id. at 171.

      Based upon our review of the record, we are convinced the PCR court

correctly concluded that defendant failed to establish the first prong of the

Strickland standard. Beyond the conclusory assertion that his plea counsel was

ineffective, defendant's petition and submissions are devoid of any facts

supported by affidavit or certification demonstrating his counsel's performance

was deficient. The Court Rules require "that factual assertions in a petition for

post-conviction relief be made by affidavit or certification in order to secure an

evidentiary hearing." State v. Jones, 219 N.J. 298, 312 (2014) (citing R. 3:22-

10(c)). As the PCR court correctly noted, defendant did not "voice any concerns

about the manner in which his attorney met with him" and defendant failed to

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provide any evidence supporting his claim that plea counsel failed to meet with

him in a sufficient matter.

      As to discovery, the PCR court found "[d]efendant does not state what, if

any, discovery plea counsel failed to provide."       Likewise, the PCR court

concluded with respect to defendant's claim that he was pressured to accept the

plea by being threatened with an extended sentence, defendant presented "no

support or evidence from the record" and he simply made a "bald assertion."

      Moreover, even assuming that plea counsel was deficient, defendant did

not present any cognizable evidence establishing that there is a "reasonable

probability that, but for" his counsel's alleged failure and actions the result of

his outcome would have been different. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. The record

supports the PCR court's finding that defendant made no showing that there was

any discovery plea counsel failed to provide, or that any threat or force was

made that would have affected the outcome here.

      Defendant additionally argues that his plea counsel told him he would

receive twenty-three months of jail credit or at a minimum, twelve months of

jail credit and based upon this representation, defendant entered his guilty plea.

Ultimately, he received 132 days of jail credit. The record does not support

defendant's contentions.

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      At the plea hearing, defendant was asked by the court if he was currently

serving a parole violation and he responded "yes." At the originally scheduled

sentencing date on November 17, 2015, the court informed defendant that he

would not receive the jail credit he was seeking due to his parole violation. After

defendant began "balking" about not receiving jail credit, his plea counsel spoke

to him and explained the court's reasoning.

      At the sentencing hearing held on March 28, 2016, defense counsel again

argued that defendant was entitled to twenty-three months of jail credit based on

his time in jail from the date of his arrest. Alternatively, defense counsel argued

that defendant was entitled to twelve months of jail credit, from the time of his

arrest and his re-sentencing on the parole violation. The sentencing court, who

was also the plea court and PCR court, stated:

            I do note, as I said before, that there is . . . no jail credit,
            because this a parole violation, but what I will ask them
            [Parole], because the original date of sentencing was
            November 17th, I will ask now - - that is up to Parole
            whether they will give it you or not, but I will ask that
            and put on the [judgment of conviction] to ask that you
            will be given jail credit from 11/17 until yesterday's
            date, 3/27/16, because that was the day you will have
            started earning jail credit before you got into a whole
            question of why you didn't get jail credit.

            I think it was explained I think you had a right of
            understanding but I'm going to give the jail credit from

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                                         10
            that . . . period, so you do not lose anything, as if it was
            the date that you were originally sentenced.

      We discern no error. In State v. Black, our Supreme Court held "when a

parolee is taken into custody on a parole warrant, the confinement is attributable

to the original offense on which the parole was granted and not to any offense

or offenses committed during the parolee's release." 153 N.J. 438, 461 (1998).

There is no evidence in this record that defense counsel provided any erroneous

advice to defendant on the subject of jail credit. Moreover, on his direct appeal

we found there was no deprivation of any jail credit to defendant. We are

unpersuaded by defendant's argument that a change in assistant prosecutors on

the case before his sentencing somehow negatively impacted his sentence.

      Defendant further argues that the PCR court erred by finding his petition

was procedurally barred under Rule 3:22-5. His argument is devoid of merit.

The PCR court correctly determined that defendant was aware of the jail credit

issue and could have asserted it during the plea bargain, at sentencing, or in a

motion to withdraw his plea, but he chose not to. Moreover, this court and the

trial court denied defendant's request for jail credit based upon controlling law.

The PCR court correctly barred defendant's jail credit claim under Rule 3:22-5.

We are therefore satisfied the PCR court correctly concluded that defendant did

not satisfy the second prong of the Strickland standard.

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                                       III.

      We also reject defendant's claim that the court should have conducted an

evidentiary hearing. A hearing is required when a defendant presents a prima

facie case for PCR under the Strickland standard, the existing record is

inadequate to resolve defendant's claim, and the court determines an evidentiary

hearing is required. Porter, 216 N.J. at 354 (citing R. 3:22-10(b)). A failure to

satisfy either prong of the Strickland standard requires the denial of a petition

for PCR. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 700. Here, the existing record provided an

adequate basis for the court's finding that defendant did not establish a prima

facie case of ineffective assistance of counsel under the Strickland standard, and

therefore an evidentiary hearing was not required. Furthermore, in his plea

colloquy, defendant testified that he was satisfied with his counsel's

representation.

      We have considered the contentions which defendant raised in his pro se

petition and find that they are without sufficient merit to warrant discus sion. R.

2:11-3(e)(2).

      Affirmed.

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