Court Opinion

ID: 9961598
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-19 14:02:54.725255+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:21:13.987035
License: Public Domain

Rel: April 19, 2024

Notice: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the advance sheets of Southern Reporter.
Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Alabama Appellate Courts, 300 Dexter Avenue,
Montgomery, Alabama 36104-3741 ((334) 229-0650), of any typographical or other errors, in order that corrections
may be made before the opinion is published in Southern Reporter.

 ALABAMA COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS
                               OCTOBER TERM, 2023-2024
                                _________________________

                                         CL-2023-0504
                                   _________________________

                                     Jeana Lyne Hamilton

                                                       v.

                                    Kenneth Ray Hamilton

                         Appeal from Conecuh Circuit Court
                                  (DR-15-900034.05)

LEWIS, Judge.

        Jeana Lyne Hamilton ("the mother") appeals from a judgment

entered by the Conecuh Circuit Court ("the trial court") dismissing her

petition to modify custody of A.H. ("the child") upon motion of Kenneth
CL-2023-0504

Ray Hamilton ("the father"). We reverse the trial court's judgment and

remand the case with instructions.

                           Procedural History

     On September 20, 2022, the trial court entered an amended

judgment modifying the awards of custody and visitation of the child by

removing the child from the custody of the mother, awarding custody of

the child to the father, and awarding the mother supervised visitation.

The trial court set forth the following pertinent findings in its amended

judgment:

          "A. The age, maturity and needs of the minor child
     ha[ve] changed;

          "B. The Visitation Schedule incorporated in the
     Judgment of Divorce has not been followed and is not feasible
     given the distance the parties live from each other;

           "C. That the Father has moved and changed jobs on
     more than one occasion and currently lives with his Mother
     and Step-Father in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Father receives
     military disability benefits.

          "D. The Mother has not been employed over the last
     three years and receives military disability benefits;

            "E. That the Mother has home-schooled the minor child;

           "F. The Mother and minor child have moved and now
     live with the Mother's boyfriend in Evergreen, Alabama;

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           "G. That the minor child has been diagnosed with
     numerous conditions and prescribed numerous medications
     since the approximate age of three, all of which the Court has
     serious concerns as to the well-being of the minor child;

          "H. That the Mother has made unfounded allegations of
     sexual abuse against the Father and Step-Grandfather on
     more than one occasion;

          "I. That the Mother is being investigated by Conecuh
     County DHR for child abuse related to allegations of factitious
     disorder imposed on another."

     On February 1, 2023, the mother filed a petition requesting that the

trial court modify custody of the child by awarding the mother custody of

the child and by awarding the father visitation. The mother alleged, in

pertinent part:

          " 1. … This Court's order removed physical and legal
     custody of the minor child from the … mother and awarded
     legal and physical custody of the child to father, based in part
     on the findings of a court ordered psychological evaluation of
     the parents, by Dr. Jack Carney. The … mother was left with
     visitation, to be supervised only by certain stipulated parties,
     reason for which being a determination of a totality of
     circumstances, and the said circumstances turn entirely upon
     the findings of the said Dr. Jack Carney's diagnosis of
     'Factitious Disorder, Imposed on Another'

          "2. That material changes in [the] mother's
     circumstances have occurred since the [September 2022
     judgment], and are listed as follows:

                "a) The … mother has been evaluated by
           another psychologist who disagrees with the

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         finding of 'Factitious Disorder Imposed on
         Another' by Dr. Jack Carney, weighing heavily in
         this Court's Amended Final Order; and

              "b) the [mother] and her previous fiancé have
         been married since this Court's Amended Final
         Order.

          "3. That there are material changes in circumstances
    for the … father, and are as follows:

              "a) The [father's] employment schedule has
         changed such that Defendant's mother, Stephanie
         Kimmell, is the only regular care giver for the
         minor child[;]

              "b) the [the father's] mother, Stephanie
         Kimmell is not subject to this Court's final order,
         but would otherwise be in regular violation of
         same, by speaking badly about the mother and her
         family in an effort to alienate the mother and
         daughter;

               "c) the child is now being treated for many of
         the conditions that the [father] previously alleged
         to be fictitious and, most importantly, evidence of
         [the mother's] alleged condition, 'Factitious
         Disorder Imposed on Another;' and

               "d) the child is now being treated for an
         alleged bladder condition.

         "4. That the best interest of the child is to be returned to
    the physical and legal care of [the] mother … for the following
    reasons:

              "a) despite the previous allegations of
         Factitious Disorder advanced by [the father], and

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CL-2023-0504

         the subsequent evaluation by Dr. Carney in
         support of same, the mother has sought the
         opinions of her primary care doctor, along with an
         uninterested psychologist, who [has] found [the
         mother] free of the said disorder[;]

              "b) that resulting from the [father's]
         skepticism for [the child's] medical needs the
         minor child was thrust into a public school system
         without consideration for the previously diagnosed
         conditions    warranting      special    education
         attention[;]

               "c) that the child is now undergoing the same
         evaluations previously administered, subjecting
         her to further distress[;]

              "d) the child has little interaction with her
         father during the weekdays, as [the father] now
         works in Kentucky until midnight on weekday
         nights, leaving the … child in the care of his
         mother, Stephanie; and

               "e) [the father's] Step-Father, Jeff Kimmell,
         no longer works in Tennessee, where he previously
         maintained an apartment, conveniently half-way
         between Evergreen, Alabama, and Cincinnati,
         Ohio, thus creating a long and difficult distance
         between the [child] and [the] Mother, the Child's
         sole care-giver from before the divorce of the
         parties in 2015 until 2022.

          "5. That the disruptive nature of modifying custody is
    overcome by the improvement in the child's best interests in
    the following ways

              "a) the … child would return to the home she
         has known most of her life[;]

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CL-2023-0504

                "b) the … child will be raised in a two parent
           home, in light of the petitioner's change in marital
           status;

                "c) the child will be close to the many friends
           she made prior to being placed in Ohio; and

                "d) the child will no longer be subjected to the
           disparaging remarks about her family, made by
           the Defendant's mother, Stephanie.

                "e) the child will return to special
           educational accommodations, previously arranged
           between mother and qualified professionals."

     On March 6, 2023, the father filed a motion to dismiss, pursuant to

Rule 12(b)(6), Ala. R. Civ. P., stating that the mother "failed to state a

claim upon which relief can be granted" because the mother's "claim is

an impermissible 'collateral attack' on [the September 2022 judgment]."

The father asserted that the mother's petition for modification failed to

"raise any new or material issues that relate to custody of the … child."

On March 13, 2023, the mother filed a response in opposition to the

father's motion to dismiss.

     After a hearing, the trial court entered a judgment on March 22,

2023, finding that the mother's petition to modify was "an impermissible

collateral attack on [the September 2022] judgment" and dismissing the

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CL-2023-0504

mother's petition. The mother filed a postjudgment motion on March 31,

2023, arguing that she had alleged that material changes in

circumstances had occurred and, therefore, res judicata was inapplicable.

That motion was denied by operation of law on June 29, 2023. The

mother filed her notice of appeal with this court on July 19, 2023.

                           Standard of Review

                " ' " 'The appropriate standard of review
           under Rule 12(b)(6)[, Ala. R. Civ. P.,] is whether,
           when the allegations of the complaint are viewed
           most strongly in the pleader's favor, it appears
           that the pleader could prove any set of
           circumstances that would entitle [her] to relief. In
           making this determination, this Court does not
           consider whether the plaintiff will ultimately
           prevail, but only whether [she] may possibly
           prevail. We note that a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal is
           proper only when it appears beyond doubt that the
           plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of the
           claim that would entitle the plaintiff to relief.' " '

          "Ex parte Troy Univ., 961 So. 2d 105, 108 (Ala. 2006)
     (quoting Knox v. Western World Ins. Co., 893 So. 2d 321, 322
     (Ala. 2004), quoting in turn Nance v. Matthews, 622 So. 2d
     297, 299 (Ala. 1993)). 'A ruling on a motion to dismiss is
     reviewed without a presumption of correctness.' Newman v.
     Savas, 878 So. 2d 1147, 1148-49 (Ala. 2003)."

Ohio Valley Conf. v. Jones, [Ms. SC-2022-0930, May 19, 2023] ___ So. 3d

___, ___ (Ala. 2023).

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CL-2023-0504

                               Discussion

            "The doctrine of res judicata provides that a final
     judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction binds
     the parties from relitigating the issues decided therein. See
     Hughes v. Martin, 533 So. 2d 188 (Ala. 1988). Applied strictly,
     that doctrine would prevent repeated litigation over the
     custody of a child; however, as early as 1858, our supreme
     court recognized that, because of the shifting nature of the
     needs of a growing child, a court of equity should be allowed
     to redetermine custody in appropriate cases. See Cornelius v.
     Cornelius, 31 Ala. 479 (1858). In keeping with the rationale
     behind the doctrine of res judicata, the supreme court decided
     that, in order to prevent 'oft-repeated, harassing litigation
     over the custody of infants,' a final child-custody
     determination, like any other judgment, could not be
     reopened for reconsideration of the correctness of the
     judgment. Sparkman v. Sparkman, 217 Ala. 41, 43, 114 So.
     580, 581 (1927). It further held, however, that, if a party could
     satisfactorily prove that circumstances had changed in a
     significant way since the entry of the earlier judgment, the
     doctrine of res judicata would not preclude a new
     determination of child custody based on those changed
     circumstances. See Pearce v. Pearce, 136 Ala. 188, 190, 33 So.
     883, 884 (1903). Hence, the law became that a prior custody
     judgment could be modified based only on a material change
     of circumstances. See Wren v. Stutts, 258 Ala. 421, 422, 63 So.
     2d 370, 371 (1953)."

Gallant v. Gallant, 184 So. 3d 387, 392-93 (Ala. Civ. App. 2014).

     "[A] noncustodial parent seeking to modify a previous custody
     award of sole physical custody [must] demonstrate that a
     material change in circumstances has occurred such that a
     change of custody would materially promote the child's best
     interests and that the benefits of the change would offset the
     disruptive effect of the change in custody."

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CL-2023-0504

Michalak v. Peterson, [Ms. CL-2022-0629, Mar. 3, 2023] ___ So. 3d ___,

___ (Ala. Civ. App. 2023); see also Ex parte McLendon, 455 So. 2d 863

(Ala. 1984). "Generally, in a custody modification proceeding, one is

limited to presenting evidence that relates back only to the last custody

judgment." Taylor v. Hogan, 673 So. 2d 453, 455 (Ala. Civ. App. 1996).

     Here, although the mother included some allegations in her petition

that appear to relate to the period before the entry of the September 2022

judgment, the mother also included allegations that concern events

occurring since the entry of the September 2022 judgment. For example,

the mother alleged that "[t]he [father's] employment schedule has

changed such that [the father's] mother, Stephanie Kimmell, is the only

regular care giver for the minor child"; that "the [the father's] mother,

Stephanie Kimmell [has spoken] badly about the mother and her family

in an effort to alienate the mother and daughter"; that "the child has little

interaction with her father during the weekdays, as [the father] now

works in Kentucky until midnight on weekday nights, leaving the … child

in the care of his mother, Stephanie"; and that "[the father's] Step-

Father, Jeff Kimmell, no longer works in Tennessee, where he previously

maintained an apartment, conveniently half-way between Evergreen,

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CL-2023-0504

Alabama, and Cincinnati, Ohio, thus creating a long and difficult

distance between the [child] and [the] Mother."

       Viewing " ' "the allegations of the complaint … most strongly in the

pleader's favor, it appears that the [mother] could prove [a] set of

circumstances that would entitle [her] to relief." ' "   Ohio Valley Conf.,

___ So. 3d at ___ (quoting Ex parte Troy Univ., 961 So. 2d 105, 108 (Ala.

2006). Moreover, it appears that the mother "may possibly prevail." On

the other hand, it does not appear "that the [mother] can prove no set of

facts in support of the claim that would entitle [her] to relief." Therefore,

we conclude that the trial court erred in dismissing the mother's petition

for modification.

                                Conclusion

       Based on the foregoing, the trial court's judgment is reversed. This

cause is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

On remand, the trial court may limit the evidence to evidence "that

relates back only to the last custody judgment." Taylor, 673 So. 2d at

455.

       REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH INSTRUCTIONS

       Moore, P.J., and Edwards, Hanson, and Fridy, JJ., concur.

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