Court Opinion

ID: 9959793
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-12 17:00:43.092562+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:18:54.232892
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                   MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

DELIRIS MONTANEZ,                               DOCKET NUMBERS
             Appellant,                         DA-1221-20-0330-W-2
                                                DA-1221-20-0421-W-2
             v.

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND
  SECURITY,                                     DATE: April 11, 2024
            Agency.

        THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

      Deliris Montanez , El Paso, Texas, pro se.

      Russell Wardlow , Esquire, and Sadie Herbert , Esquire, El Paso, Texas, for
        the agency.

                                      BEFORE

                           Cathy A. Harris, Chairman
                        Raymond A. Limon, Vice Chairman

                                  FINAL ORDER

      The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
dismissed the above-captioned individual right of action (IRA) appeals as settled.
Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the following
circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact;

1
   A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                    2

the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation
or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative
judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision
were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion,
and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material
evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due
diligence, was not available when the record closed.         Title 5 of the Code of
Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).               After fully
considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not
established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review.
Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision,
which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

                                 BACKGROUND
      On May 4 and July 1, 2020, the appellant filed two IRA appeals with the
Board, wherein she alleged that the agency took several personnel actions in
retaliation for her protected whistleblowing.           Montanez v. Department of
Homeland Security, MSPB Docket No. DA-1221-20-0330-W-1, Initial Appeal
File (0330 IAF), Tab 1; Montanez v. Department of Homeland Security, MSPB
Docket    No.     DA-1221-20-0421-W-1,        Initial     Appeal   File,     Tab    1.
The administrative judge joined the appeals for adjudication and, after finding
jurisdiction, he convened a hearing.      Montanez v. Department of Homeland
Security, MSPB Docket No. DA-1221-20-0330-W-2, Appeal File (0330 W-2 AF),
Tab 11, Initial Decision (0330 ID) at 1. During the hearing, the parties went off
the record and, when the hearing resumed, they informed the administrative judge
that they had resolved the dispute through a settlement agreement.            Hearing
Record (HR); 0330 ID at 2. The settlement agreement, which was signed by the
appellant, her representative, and the agency’s settlement authority, was entered
into the record for enforcement.       0330 W-2 AF, Tab 8; 0330 ID at 2-3.
                                                                                                3

Accordingly, the administrative judge issued an initial decision dismissing the
two appeals as settled. 0330 ID. In the initial decision, the administrative judge
notified   the   parties       that    the    initial   decision    would   become    final   on
October 14, 2021, unless a petition for review was filed by that date. Id. at 3.
The initial decision explained that, if the appellant believed that the settlement
agreement was unlawful, involuntary, or the result of fraud or mutual mistake,
she could request Board review by filing a petition for review. Id. at 3-4.
      Approximately 10 months later, on July 10, 2022, the appellant filed a
petition for review. 2     Montanez v. Department of Homeland Security, MSPB
Docket No. DA-1221-20-0330-W-2, Petition for Review (0330 PFR) File, Tab 1.
The Office of the Clerk of the Board (Clerk) issued an acknowledgment letter,
which informed the appellant that her petition for review appeared to be untimely
and advised her of the legal standard for establishing good cause for her untimely
filing. 0330 PFR File, Tab 2. The appellant filed a response to the Clerk’s order,
the agency filed a response to the petition for review, and the appellant filed a
reply. 0330 PFR File, Tabs 3, 5-6.

                 DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
      A settlement agreement is a contract between the parties and its terms are
to be interpreted as a question of contract law. Wofford v. Department of Justice,
115 M.S.P.R. 468, ¶ 6 (2010).                An appellant may challenge the validity of a
settlement agreement if she believes it was unlawful, involuntary, or the result of
fraud or mutual mistake. Id. Even if invalidity was not apparent at the time of
settlement, the agreement must be set aside if it is subsequently shown by new
evidence     that the agreement was tainted with invalidity by fraud or
misrepresentation.       Id.      However, the party challenging the validity of a
settlement    agreement        bears     a    heavy     burden     of   showing   a   basis   for
invalidation. Id.
2
  The petition for review was untimely by approximately 9 months. Because we decide
this appeal on the merits, the Board does not address the timeliness issue.
                                                                                   4

       In her petition for review, the appellant asserts that she felt coerced
to accept the settlement by her legal counsel, who was later disbarred.
0330 PFR File, Tab 1 at 6. She challenges the monetary amount of the settlement
and the “stipulations” contained in the agreement, and she asserts that
she believes her attorney was “acting in bad faith and making under the table
deals with the agency in an attempt to settle the case as he had personal financial
needs.”    Id. at 8, 10; 0330 PFR File, Tab 3 at 4-5.        She also asserts that
the agency obstructed her right to obtain documents through the Freedom
of Information Act (FOIA) and, after obtaining the documents after she signed
the settlement agreement, she learned that the agency had omitted “material facts”
which would have changed the outcome of her appeal. 0330 PFR File, Tab 1 at 6-
7. Finally, the appellant asserts that her medical condition impaired her ability to
fully participate in the proceedings before the administrative judge. 0330 PFR
File, Tab 1 at 22, Tab 3 at 5, Tab 6 at 7-9. We address each argument below.
       To establish that a settlement agreement resulted from fraud in the
inducement, the appellant must show that the agency knowingly concealed
a material fact or intentionally misled her.    See Armstrong v. Department of
the Treasury, 115 M.S.P.R. 1, ¶¶ 6-7 (2010), aff’d, 438 F. App’x 903 (Fed.
Cir. 2011). The appellant asserts that the agency wrongfully withheld a report
by the Office of the Inspector General, which the appellant received through a
FOIA      request   after   she   entered    into   the    settlement   agreement.
0330 PFR File, Tab 1 at 6, 8, 23-27. However, the agency entered a copy of the
report into the record before the administrative judge, prior to the signature to
the settlement agreement, and therefore the document was not concealed from
her prior to the settlement.      Compare 0330 IAF, Tab 9 at 96-100, with
0330 PFR File, Tab 1 at 23-27.
       The appellant next argues that her attorney coerced her into settling her
case despite her alleged communications to him that she disagreed with the
“stipulations” contained in the agreement. 0330 PFR File, Tab 3 at 4, Tab 6 at 6.
                                                                                  5

The appellant has not provided a copy of the alleged communications and she has
not identified on review which stipulations she disagrees with. It appears that the
appellant was present during the settlement negotiations, which the administrative
judge facilitated, and there is no evidence that she raised concerns about the
settlement terms with the administrative judge prior to signing the agreement.
HR; 0330 W-2 AF, Tab 8 at 6; cf. Washington v. Department of the Navy,
101 M.S.P.R. 258, ¶¶ 17-18 (2006) (remanding to consider the validity of a
settlement agreement wherein the appellant was not present for settlement
negotiations and, with her petition for review, she provided letters with
her attorney calling into question whether the attorney had the authority to settle
her case).   Although the appellant may have misunderstood the scope of a
particular provision in the agreement, her unilateral misunderstanding is not a
basis for setting aside the settlement.      See Virgil v. U.S. Postal Service,
75 M.S.P.R. 109, 113-14 (1997); see also Kowalczyk v. Department of the Army,
44 M.S.P.R. 616, 622 (1990) (“The inadequate exchange of information between
the appellant and his attorney, without more, does not provide a basis for setting
aside the agreement or for making its terms unenforceable.”).         Under these
circumstances, we conclude that the appellant has not shown that she was coerced
into the settlement. See McCullough v. U.S. Postal Service, 40 M.S.P.R. 476, 479
(1989) (“In order to establish that a settlement agreement was obtained through
coercion, a party must prove that: (1) One side involuntarily accepted the terms
of another; (2) the circumstances permitted no other alternative; and (3) the
circumstances were the result of the coercive acts of the opposite party.”), aff’d,
909 F.2d 1494 (Fed. Cir. 1990).
      As to the appellant’s assertion that her attorney may have made “under the
table deals” with the agency because of his “personal financial needs,” 0330 PFR
File, Tab 3 at 5, she has submitted no evidence in support of this argument and it
is mere speculation. See Johnson v. Department of Agriculture, 98 M.S.P.R. 691,
¶ 8 (2005) (considering the appellant’s claim that his former attorney engaged in
                                                                                      6

a consulting contract with the agency after the appellant agreed to a settlement
with the agency, and finding that it was insufficient to show that the settlement
was the result of impermissible coercion or duress which would warrant voiding
it). Although the appellant has asserted that her attorney was ineffective, that is
not a basis for setting aside the settlement agreement. See Moore v. U.S. Postal
Service, 52 M.S.P.R. 160, 163 (1991) (stating that a party is bound by the actions
of her chosen representative).
      To the extent the appellant argues that her medical condition prevented her
from having the mental capacity to enter into a valid settlement agreement, we
find that the appellant has not proved such a claim. 0330 PFR File, Tab 1 at 22,
Tab 3 at 4, Tab 6 at 7-9. A party to a settlement agreement is presumed to have
full legal capacity to contract unless she is mentally disabled and the mental
disability is so severe that she cannot form the necessary intent. Parks v. U.S.
Postal Service, 113 M.S.P.R. 60, ¶ 8 (2010). The appellant has stated that her
medical condition, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), was exacerbated by the
agency on September 8, 2021, the date that she signed the settlement agreement.
0330 PFR File, Tab 3 at 4. She has submitted a June 30, 2022 letter from a nurse
practitioner, which states that the practitioner has treated the appellant since
May 2021 for major depressive disorder, PTSD, and generalized anxiety disorder.
0330 PFR File, Tab 1 at 22. The nurse practitioner opines that the appellant is
unable to represent herself because her PTSD causes “difficulty with memory,
concentration, focusing, sleep, energy and motivation,” and that her PTSD
“send[s] off alarms in her brain or exacerbate her symptoms as she tries to
represent herself.” 3 Id. However, the letter does not specifically address the

3
  In a nonprecedential decision, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
(Federal Circuit) held that the Board did not err in denying an appellant’s request to
appoint her counsel in an IRA appeal and held that such appellants do not have a
constitutional right to counsel. See Taylor v. Merit Systems Protection Board, 527 F.
App’x 970, 972-74 (Fed. Cir. 2013). The Board may rely on unpublished decisions
from the Federal Circuit to the extent it finds the reasoning persuasive, as we do here.
Graves v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 123 M.S.P.R. 434, ¶ 10 n.1 (2016).
                                                                                      7

appellant’s mental capacity at the time she signed the settlement agreement. Id.
Notably, the administrative judge stated on the record that he assisted with
facilitating the settlement terms and that the parties entered into the agreement
voluntarily. See HR. The appellant has provided no evidence to find otherwise.
Accordingly, we find that the appellant has failed to prove that her mental state
precluded her from entering into a valid settlement agreement.              See Parks,
113 M.S.P.R. 60, ¶¶ 8-10 (concluding that the appellant’s statement that that his
medical condition affected his capacity to enter into a settlement agreement was
insufficient to outweigh the statements of agency witnesses present during
negotiations attesting to his mental state).
      Based on the foregoing, we deny the petition for review and affirm the
initial decision.

                         NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 4
      You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By
statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such
review and the appropriate forum with which to file.            5 U.S.C. § 7703(b).
Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit
Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most
appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a
statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their
jurisdiction.   If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should
immediately review the law applicable to your claims and carefully follow all
filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file within the applicable time
limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum.
      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions

4
  Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                         8

about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general . As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.                5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit   your   petition    to   the   court    at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or    EEOC    review    of   cases      involving   a   claim      of
discrimination . This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
                                                                                  9

judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims —by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court ( not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.    5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. 420 (2017). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the district court no later than 30 calendar days after your representative
receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of discrimination based on
race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling condition, you may be
entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and to waiver of any
requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security.        See 42 U.S.C.
§ 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx .
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues . 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                         Office of Federal Operations
                  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                               P.O. Box 77960
                          Washington, D.C. 20013
                                                                                     10

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review     pursuant   to   the    Whistleblower      Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012 . This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in
section 2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)
(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either
with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 5   The court of appeals must receive your petition for
review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.                5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                                 U.S. Court of Appeals
                                 for the Federal Circuit
                                717 Madison Place, N.W.
                                Washington, D.C. 20439
5
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115-195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                              11

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx .

FOR THE BOARD:                        ______________________________
                                      Gina K. Grippando
                                      Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.