Court Opinion

ID: 6582029
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-20 19:39:03.944036+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:57:19.374824
License: Public Domain

Granger, J.
This is a prosecution for a violation of the statute of 1882, (Acts of 1882, ch. 107, part 6, sec. 1,) which provides that “ any person who, without license therefor, shall sell or offer or expose for sale, or shall own or keep with intent to sell, any spirituous and intoxicating liquors * * * shall be fined for the first offense not more than fifty dollars.” The information contains four counts. The first charges that on the 22d day of May, 1885, the defendant, at the town of Hamden in this state, sold and delivered certain spirituous and intoxicating liquors without having a license therefor ; the second and third counts that on the 8th day of July, 1885, he offered and exposed for sale spirituous and intoxicating liquors at Hamden, without a license therefor; and the fourth that on the 8th of July, 1885, at Hamden, without a license therefor, he owned and kept spirituous and intoxicating liquors with intent to *90sell them. The case came to the Superior Court by the defendant’s appeal from the judgment of a justice of the peace, and was tried to the jury on a single plea of not guilty. The jury brought in a general verdict of guilty and the defendant appeals to this court.
It appears by the finding of facts by the judge on the appeal that the defendant was a brewer, living and carrying on his business in the town of Hew Haven, to which Ham-den adjoins, where he had a license for the sale of spirituous and intoxicating liquors, ale and lager beer, at wholesale and retail, and that he was in the habit of sending a wagon on regular trips, once or twice in each week, through the town of Hamden for the delivery of ale and lager beer to various persons residing there; and the State’s Attorney offered evidence to prove, and claimed to have proved, that one Adolph Kleiber was the driver of the wagon and the agent of the defendant in making such deliveries. It was also proved and admitted that the town of Hamden, at its annual town meeting in October, 1884, had voted against the granting of licenses for the sale of spirituous and intoxicating liquors in the town.
Among other witnesses the State called Bela Mann, who testified as follows :—“ I know Adolph Kleiber. He drives Basserman’s beer wagon. I have seen him frequently with that wagon. I saw him the 8th day of July last with the wagon in Hamden. He delivered a case, or two cases, of beer on that day at the house of Mr. Rosenthal in Hamden. I had one of the bottles. It was lager beer. A case is a box with partitions in it for the bottles to stand in. A case sometimes contains a dozen bottles and sometimes two dozen. It was Basserman’s wagon. The name ‘ George A. Basserman, Rock Brewery,’ was painted on the side of it. I have seen the same wagon stop at Mr. Cresswell’s and at Radcliff’s.” The defendant objected to the evidence for the reason that the State could not, under the averments in the complaint, prove a delivery of spirituous liquors in Ham-den, the contract for which was made in Hew Haven. But the court overruled the objection and admitted the evidence.
*91The State introduced sundry other witnesses who testified to various acts of Kleiber, as that he drove said wagon, that he had done so for a year or more, that he made stated trips and stopped at houses in Hamden and left cases of bottles, etc. The defendant objected to the evidence. The Attorney for the State thereupon stated that the evidence was offered, not for the purpose of showing a sale, but for the purpose of showing, in connection with other evidence in the case, that Kleiber was the agent of the defendant. For the last mentioned purpose solely the evidence was permitted to go to the jury.
The State called John Cresswell as a witness, who testified :—“ I live in Hamden. I know the man who drives Basserman’s beer wagon. I do not know his name. He delivered lager beer to me at my house in Hamden. He has done so at several times. He did so once shortly before the first of July last. I ordered this beer from Basserman by a written order. The order was for a case of lager beer to be delivered to me at my house. I wrote the order in Hamden and sent it to Basserman by the driver. The beer was delivered to' me a day or two afterwards—on the next trip the wagon made.”
The State offered considerable other testimony. The defendant rested his case without calling any witnesses.
The defendant’s counsel asked the court to charge the jury, “ that under the statute (Acts 1882, p. 178, sec. 2,) which makes the delivery in a non-license town a sale by the vendor or his agent, the delivery is the crime, not the sale, and the vendor is not liable unless he also delivers himself; the intent of the law is to punish the party delivering in the town.” The court did not so instruct the jury, but said to them that if they found Kleiber to have been the agent of Basserman, and as such agent delivered intoxicating liquors in the town of Hamden, such delivery would be the act of Basserman, for which he might be convicted as much as if he had made the delivery in person.
The Attorney for the State in his argument claimed from the testimony of Cresswell that the defendant was guilty of *92selling intoxicating liquors in Hamden, without any reference to the statute last referred to. Upon this claim the court charged the jury as follows:—“ If you find that an order was sent from Hamden to the defendant requesting him to deliver lager beer in Hamden, and that such order did not specify any particular case of beer, but only called for beer generally, and if you find that in pursuance of such order the defendant did deliver lager beer in Hamden, and that no act had been done towards setting apart any particular case of beer'to fill the order, until it was actually delivered to and accepted by the purchaser in Hamden, then according to the rule of law no title passed from Basserman to the purchaser till that delivery, and as that, as well as the order, was in Hamden, the sale would be in that town. If you find these several steps to be proved beyond a reasonable doubt, the claim of the State’s Attorney is correct.”
The defendant contends that the court erred in ruling that proof of a delivery in Hamden of lager beer contracted for in Hew Haven, would sustain a general charge of selling lager beer in Hamden under part 6, section 1, of the statute, which forbids such sale. The claim, as we understand it is, that the prosecuting officer, to avail himself of the provision of the 2d section of part 2d of the same statute, that such a delivery in a non-license town of liquors purchased in a license town shall be deemed a sale in the former town, must found his complaint specifically upon that statute, and allege the liquors to have been delivered as liquors so purchased in another town. But by the statute such a delivery is in law a sale in the town where delivered, and it is never necessary to aver more than the legal effect of the acts constituting an offense. The lawmaking the delivery in Ham-den a sale, the delivery can be charged as a sale, as in other cases of actual sale.
The defendant further contends that after the State’s Attorney had offered evidence of a sale to Rosenthal, thereby electing that as the sale relied on, he could not offer evidence of a sale to Cresswell.
There are two answers to this objection. First, that there *93were three counts charging sales or offering for sale, and the evidence as to a sale to Cresswell would have been admissible under either of the other two after the sale to Rosenthal had been proved under one of the counts. Proof of an actual sale would have sustained a count for offering to sell, and the penalty for the latter was the same.
But if there had been but a single count the objection could not now be made. It appears that the evidence as to the sale to Cresswell was not objected to at the trial. Under the statute no question not made and decided in the court below can be made by counsel here. But aside from this statutory rule, it is clear that there could be no error in admitting evidence not objected to.
It is then contended that the verdict is not a legal one inasmuch as it is a general one, and does not specify what particular charges it finds proved, so that it can never be known of what precise offense the defendant was found guilty. But here again the plaintiff has waived all objection to the verdict by not asking that a separate verdict should be rendered on each count. Whether or not it be a case where the court would have ordered such separate verdicts, yet it is clear that the defendant, not having asked for such an order, can not now object to the general verdict.
There is clearly nothing in the further point made by the defendant, that to make a delivery in a non-license town of liquors sold in another town a sale in the town where delivered, such delivery must have been by the vendor himself and not by his agent, and that the crime is that of the person delivering and not of the vendor if he is not the one delivering. A delivery by an authorized agent is exactly the same thing as a delivery by the principal himself. There is no difference between the civil and the criminal law in this respect, when once the agency has been proved. And the statute itself makes such a delivery a sale whether made by the vendor or his agent.'
There is not only no error in the charge of the court as to what would constitute a sale in Hamden of beer ordered of the defendant in New Haven, but the charge is more *94favorable to tbe defendant than he had a right to claim. The mere delivery in Hamden was under the statute a sale in Hamden, even though the beer ordered had been set apart for such delivery.
There is no error in the judgment complained of.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.