Court Opinion

ID: 4914718
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-09-22 00:07:25.619418+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:13:49.709646
License: Public Domain

Liddon, J. :
The appellee sued the appellant upon a declaration containing various common counts and obtained judgment. The plea was, never was indebted. The appellant assigns various errors. The first four assignments-of error, which are argued together, all relate to rulings'of the court admitting evidence by the plaintiff as a witness in his own behalf. The portion of the-testimony first objected to is that in which the plaintiff’s attorney handed him a statement of account, being a portion of the bill of particulars — or rather one of the bills of particulars — sued upon, and about which the plaintiff: testified as follows: “These are the original accounts I rendered to the board of directors of the defendant at the regular meeting. I gave each director a copy of these accounts, and they carefully examined them, and no objection was made. The board' of directors accepted this account and approved it, as-appears by their minutes of that date.” The objection made to this evidence was that it was “improper,, in that the minutes of the company is the best evidence, and that it is not shown that the plaintiff performed any service for the company.” We do not-think the objection well taken. The account, in connection with the evidence offered, was certainly relevant to the count in the declaration upon an account-stated. Langden vs. Roane, 6 Ala. 518, S. C. 41 Am. Dec. 60; 2 Rice on Evidence, p. 836. The latter portion of the testimony of the complainant, that the acceptance and approval of his account appeared “by their minutes of that date,” is perhaps technically *204erroneous. But that portion might be stricken out without materially affecting the other portion, which tended to show a rendering of his account by the plaintiff to the highest authority of the defendant corporation and its acquiescence therein. We can not in view of the facts in this" case, as there was no evidence, whatever to contradict the testimony of the plaintiff, hold that such an immaterial error should cause a' reversal of the judgment of the Circuit Court. Then it •seems '(the record not being very clear upon the subject) that the plaintiff offered in evidence the same minutes of the board of directors of the defendant, to •the absence of which the defendant’s counsel had just •objected. The extract from the directors’ minutes offered does not show in precise terms an approval of the account sued upon. It shows that the secretary and treasurer (said offices being filled by the firm of which the plaintiff was surviving partner) “presented their annual report showing the condition and affairs ■of said company, which was read and received, and on motion ordered filed.” In connection with this extract was offered again the same account which had been rendered by the plaintiff to the defendant’s directory, also verbal testimony to the effect that the plaintiff’s firm handled and sold the lands, and kept the books and accounts of the defendant, and did the work and expended the money for the defendant, as indicated in said statement of account, and that said .account was just and true. This evidence was objected to upon the ground ‘ ‘that the same was irrelevant and improper; that no books of original entry were introduced to prove said account, the account being made up of divers matters and that no proper services or proof of them have, been shown, or proof of the value of them.” We are unable to see any force in this ob*205jection. It is not necessary in proving an account' stated, the gist of which consists in the agreement to- or acquiescence in the correctness of the account by the other party to first show the books of original entry from which the account agreed upon by the parties was made up. The very object in rendering, stating and settling accounts is to avoid the necessity of making such proof.
The third assignment of error is based upon five-pages of testimony of plaintiff in proving his account sued upon. The objections upon which it was based being similar to those upon which the second assignment is predicated, and what is said in disposing of' that assignment will equally apply to this. The only new questions raised by this assignment are, in substance, (1) that the account sought to be proven contained several months’ charges for alleged services which, if true, could not be recovered in this action. Allusion was here made to proof of services rendered by the plaintiff, after the death of his partner. (2)-Next it was claimed that the plaintiff could not testify as to conversations had by him with one Alexander Wallace, president of the defendant company, and since deceased. These two matters claim our attention. As to the first matter, proof of services rendered, by plaintiff as surviving partner after the death of hiscopartner. The agreement upon which the services, were rendered, and about which, in part, the suit was brought was an unusual one. As it appeared upon the-minute-book of the defendant, it was as follows: l,Be it and the same is hereby further resolved that Charles. P. Warriner and A. L. Hungerford, partners doing-business as aforesaid (i. e., as Hungerford and Warriner) shall be paid the sum of one thousand dollars annually for the term of three years -from this date for *206-such, services as shall be rendered by them severally as secretary and treasurer of said company, and jointly iu keeping the books and accounts thereof, said salary to be paid monthly.” This appears upon its face to be a contract which a partnership might lawfully enter into, and which being partially completed upon the death of one partner the other as surviving partner might fully perform. We know of no reason to the contrary, and counsel for appellant, although not abandoning his assignment of error, states no principle of law, and cites no authority whatever bearing upon the question. Without any light being thrown upon the subject by counsel in his brief, we have undertaken, at considerable expense of time and labor, to investigate the authorities bearing upon the subject. There are some exceptions to the rule useless to note, as this case does not seem to be embraced within any of them. The general rule has been, we think, correctly stated as follows: Where a partnership had entered into an executory contract, which was only partially performed at the death of the deceased, his death does not absolve either party from performance, in the absence of an express stipulation to that effect; and the existence of the partnership with its active functions to be exercised by the survivor is continued until the contract has been fully performed. Davis vs. Sowell & Co., 77 Ala. 262. To similar effect also are Tompkins vs. Tompkins, 18 S. C. 1; Ayres vs. Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R. Co., 52 Iowa, 478, 3 N. W. Rep. 522; Oliver vs. Forrester, 96 Ill. 315; McGill vs. McGill, 2 Met. (Ky.) 258. In this case, however, the plaintiff did not rely entirely upon a legal implication as to his power as surviving partner to carry out and perform a contract made by the defendant with the firm. He testified also that all of the directors of the defendant *207•agreed to pay him the salary in question after the •death of his partner. This agreement is referable to the original contract, and, in the absence of any contrary proof, must be presumed to have been made with the plaintiff as surviving partner. This testimony was not at all disputed. None of the directors wei’e called to deny the plaintiff’s evidence. Therefore as the case stands: not only did the plaintiff have the legal right to carry out and perform the contract made with the firm of which he was the surviving partner, but the • defendant expressly agreed that he should do so, and receive the compensation agreed upon between it and the plaintiff’s firm.
The objections made to any testimony from the plaintiff and Mrs. Roberts, a witness for plaintiff, as to conversations between him and Capt. Wallace, the president of the defendant corporation, are upon the .ground that said Wallace was dead, and no authority was shown in Wallace to approve said account, as was • attempted to be shown. The appellant makes no contention that this testimony was illegal under our statute of 1874 (Chapter 1983 Laws of Florida, McClellan’s Digest, sec. 24, p. 518,) which prevents parties to a suit from testifying as to communications between such parties and a person deceased, in an action against his administrator, etc. The only contention is, that the evidence was objectionable because it stated admissions and promises of an agent as against his principal, without proof of the authority of the agent to make such admissions. Wallace was shown by the • evidence to be the president and general manager of the defendant, and the record contains some of the by-laws of the defendant showing what power and authority were conferred upon him as such. There can '•be no dispute as to the general proposition, that a prin*208cipal is bound by the acts and declarations of his agent' only when made within the scope, of his authority, and about a matter which is depending. The great number of agents, with varying and. different degrees of authority, employed by railroad and other large corporations, has caused considerable difficulty and diversity of opinion in the application of the rule to them. The difficult question, as to whether the record in this case shows the authority of Wallace to make the admissions as against the defendant which were testified to-below, was submitted by the appellant without argument, which should not have been done. There was-abundant evidence to show the liability of the defendant, without the admissions of Wallace. The evidence of the plaintiff was, that all of the items of his account, except for balance of salary after the death of his partner, had been submitted to the board of directors — the highest authority of the defendant corporation — that said board approved the account, and no-objection was made to any item. As already stated, the board agreed to pay the balance of salary claimed. This evidence was not even sought to be contradicted. The proof of the admissions of Wallace was merely cumulative. The verdict and judgment could not have-been different, whether such admissions had been received or rejected. If there was error in receiving' such admissions, it was immaterial error, which could not by any possibility have affected the result.
Other assignments of error are insisted upon, but-the questions presented by them have already been considered in determining those passed upon, with one exception. That exception is based upon the refusal of the court to give the jury an instruction requested., by the defendant, as follows: “If the jury find from, the evidence that Capt. Wallace was president of the-*209road, unless it has been shown to the satisfaction of the jury that he had full authority to approve the accounts of plaintiff, then his action in that regard could not bind the company.” We are not prepared to say that this charge did not state a correct proposition of law, and might properly have been given to the jury.
In view, however, of the facts of this case, herein-before referred to, the verdict was amply sustained by the evidence, and if the instruction requested had been given it could not possibly have affected the verdict. We think it clear that the defendant suffered no injury whatever by reason of the instruction not being given. The judgment should not for such reason be reversed. Hayes vs. Todd, 34 Fla. 233, 15 South. Rep. 752; Wooten vs. State, 24 Fla. 335, 5 South. Rep. 39; Brown vs. State, 18 Fla. 472; Doggett vs. Willey, 6 Fla. 482, text 515; Prescott vs. Johnson, 8 Fla. 391; May’s Executors vs. Seymour, 17 Fla. 725; Simmons vs. Spratt, 26 Fla. 449, 8 South. Rep. 123; Livingston vs. L’Engle, 27 Fla. 502, 8 South. Rep. 728. “This court has uniformly proceeded upon the practice not to reverse a judgment, however erroneously an isolated point may have been ruled by the judge below, when it is clearly apparent that the party complaining had been in no degree injured by the improper ruling.” McKay vs. Lane, 5 Fla. 268, text 276.
The judgment of the Circuit Court is affirmed.