Court Opinion

ID: 1076197
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:18:01.334419+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:41:41.612008
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Coleman, Elder and Senior Judge Cole
Argued at Salem, Virginia

JERRY F. HUNTER
                                         MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.        Record No. 0947-97-3            JUDGE LARRY G. ELDER
                                            DECEMBER 23, 1997
VIRGINIA EMPLOYMENT COMMISSION, ET AL.

         FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF LYNCHBURG
                   Mosby G. Perrow, III, Judge

          James L. Scruggs (Virginia Legal Aid Society,
          Inc., on briefs), for appellant.

          Robert L. Walker, Assistant Attorney General
          (Richard Cullen, Attorney General; William A.
          Diamond, Assistant Attorney General, on
          brief), for appellee Virginia Employment
          Commission.

          No brief or argument for appellee D. M.
          Broughton & Associates, Inc.

     Jerry F. Hunter (appellant) appeals an order of the Circuit

Court of the City of Lynchburg (circuit court) affirming a

decision of the Virginia Employment Commission (commission)

denying his claim for unemployment benefits.   He contends that

the trial court erred when it concluded that the evidence was

sufficient to support the commission's determination that he was

"discharged for misconduct connected with his work."   For the

reasons that follow, we affirm.

     "In order to receive unemployment benefits, a claimant must
     *
      Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
designated for publication.
be eligible under Code § 60.2-612 and not disqualified under Code

§ 60.2-618."     Actuarial Benefits & Design Corp. v. Virginia

Employment Comm'n, 23 Va. App. 640, 645, 478 S.E.2d 735, 737

(1996).   Under Code § 60.2-618(2), a claimant is disqualified

from receiving unemployment benefits "if the Commission finds

such individual is unemployed because he has been discharged for

misconduct connected with his work."      The Virginia Supreme Court

has construed the phrase "misconduct connected with his work" to

bar entitlement to benefits in two scenarios:      (1) when the

claimant "deliberately violate[d] a company rule reasonably
designed to protect the legitimate business interests of his

employer" or (2) when "[the claimant's] acts or omissions are of

such a nature or so recurrent as to manifest a willful disregard

of those interests and the duties and obligations he owes to his

employer."     Branch v. Virginia Employment Comm'n, 219 Va. 609,

611, 249 S.E.2d 180, 182 (1978) (emphasis in original); see also

Virginia Employment Comm'n v. Gantt, 7 Va. App. 631, 634, 376

S.E.2d 808, 811, aff'd en banc, 9 Va. App. 225, 385 S.E.2d 247
(1989); Israel v. Virginia Employment Comm'n, 7 Va. App. 169,

173, 372 S.E.2d 207, 209 (1988).       The range of behavior that

constitutes "misconduct" under Code § 60.2-618(2) is more narrow

than the range of behavior that justifies an employer's decision

to discharge an employee.    "[E]mployees who are fired for what

the employer considers good cause may [still] be entitled to

unemployment compensation," Blake v. Hercules, Inc., 4 Va. App.

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270, 273, 356 S.E.2d 453, 455 (1987), and "behavior which is

involuntary, unintentional or the product of simple negligence

does not rise to the level necessary to justify a denial of

unemployment benefits."   Borbas v. Virginia Employment Comm'n, 17

Va. App. 720, 722, 440 S.E.2d 630, 631 (1994).

     The burden is on the employer to prove that a claimant's

discharge was due to misconduct connected with his work.      See

Kennedy's Piggly Wiggly Stores, Inc. v. Cooper, 14 Va. App. 701,

705, 419 S.E.2d 278, 280-81 (1992).   Once the employer has

established a prima facie case of misconduct connected with the
work, "the burden shifts to the claimant to prove circumstances

in mitigation of his or her conduct."   Gantt, 7 Va. App. at 635,

376 S.E.2d at 811; see also Whitt v. Ervin B. Davis & Co., Inc.,

20 Va. App. 432, 438-39, 457 S.E.2d 779, 782 (1995).   Mitigating

circumstances include those considerations that tend to establish

that the employee's actions were not in deliberate, willful

disregard of a company rule or the employer's business interests.
 Gantt, 7 Va. App. at 635, 376 S.E.2d at 811.

     "Whether an employee's behavior constitutes misconduct is a

mixed question of law and fact reviewable by this court on

appeal."   Israel, 7 Va. App. at 172, 372 S.E.2d at 209.    The

commission's factual findings are conclusive and binding if

supported by the evidence and in the absence of fraud.     Code

§ 60.2-625.   "Under well settled principles, we consider the

evidence in the light most favorable to the findings of the VEC

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to determine whether employer met its burden of proving that

claimant was discharged for misconduct connected with [his]

work."   Whitt, 20 Va. App. at 436, 457 S.E.2d at 781.

     We hold that appellant's failure to notify employer of his

absence from work until noon on July 8, 1996 constituted

"misconduct connected with his work" that disqualified him from

receiving unemployment benefits.       Appellant does not contend that

employer's attendance policy is not "reasonably designed to

protect the legitimate business interests of [employer]."      The

commission found that appellant "knew that his employer expected

prompt notification if he was unable to report for work as

scheduled" and concluded that appellant "deliberately and

willfully failed to give [notice to employer] in the morning of

July 8, 1996."   These findings are supported by credible evidence

in the record.   Charles W. Read, employer's president, testified

that employer had a verbal policy requiring employees to notify

it of absences "first thing in the morning."      He also testified

that this policy was "made plain" to all employees, including

appellant.   Appellant testified that, when he awoke on July 8, he

experienced substantial pain in the area of his stomach.

However, despite his knowledge that he was expected at work at

7:30 in the morning and that employer required prompt

notification of illness-related absences, appellant did not

report his absence to employer until "about noon."      Appellant

offered no evidence indicating that his condition on July 8

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prevented him from either calling employer before noon or asking

his mother to call for him.   In light of the commission's

findings, which are binding on appeal, we conclude that appellant

"deliberately violated a company rule reasonably designed to

protect the legitimate business interests of his employer."    As

such, the circuit court's affirmance of the commission's decision

that appellant was disqualified from receiving benefits was not

erroneous.
     For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the order of the

circuit court.

                                                        Affirmed.

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