Court Opinion

ID: 3667571
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-06 06:17:08.181806+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:40:15.407543
License: Public Domain

The Court is of opinion that the action will not lie. The statute, 4 Hen. VII., ch. 20, gives to one suing an action popular in good faith the replication that a prior recovery pleaded was had by covin, and enacts that if the covin be found, the plaintiff with good faith shall have recovery and execution. That is among several beneficial ancient English statutes which were inadvertently not re-enacted in the revision of 1836, although they were suitable to our condition and had been in force and use here. The principle of the statute, however, is so manifestly just in itself and so necessary to suppress fraud upon the law, as well as that on individuals, that, probably, it is proper to regard this statute, like that of 13 Elizabeth in favor of creditors, as but declaratory of the common law; for it would manifestly render useless all penal statutes if covinous recoveries by friends, not enforced nor intended to be enforced, were allowed to protect the offender from an action brought in good faith. If that be correct, the plaintiff cannot have this action, because it supposes the injury to the plaintiff to consist of being barred of actions for the penalties, when, upon the declaration, it appears he was not barred. But (96)  that point need not now be determined, for, admitting the recoveries to be a bar, as supposed, yet the plaintiff has sustained no extraordinary or peculiar damage, but such only as is common to any one else. In such a case the redress, if there be any, must be to the public, for the common wrong, and not to individuals. Covinous recoveries partake in some degree of the nature of compounding action on penal statutes, which Mr. Blackstone classes among the misdemeanors against public justice, as contributing to make the laws odious to the people. 4 Com., 136. Hence the statute 18 Elizabeth, ch. 5 — which, by the way, is also not found in our statute-book — *Page 79 
inflicted the severe punishment of the pillory, besides a fine, for that offense. As the act of the defendant is of that nature, and every one can say, with equal truth, that he is, by means of the defendant, barred of recoveries for the penalties in question, the law cannot allow an action to any person or persons in particular, since, for the same reason, the defendant would be held liable for the same sum in innumerable suits, which would be most unreasonable and intolerable. Williams' case, 5 Rep., 73.
PER CURIAM.                           Judgment affirmed.
(97)