Court Opinion

ID: 2976048
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-22 17:44:32.968209+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:35:42.999074
License: Public Domain

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                            File Name: 07a0813n.06
                           Filed: November 21, 2007

                                             No. 06-1866

                           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                                  )
                                                           )         ON APPEAL FROM THE
       Plaintiff-Appellee,                                 )         UNITED STATES DISTRICT
                                                           )         COURT FOR THE WESTERN
v.                                                         )         DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
                                                           )
JERMAINE ANTHONY MCGHEE,                                   )                  OPINION
                                                           )
       Defendant-Appellant.                                )

BEFORE: BOGGS, Chief Judge; NORRIS and COOK, Circuit Judges.

       ALAN E. NORRIS, Circuit Judge. Defendant Jermaine McGhee contests the validity of

the sentence imposed by the district court in the wake of his conviction on two counts of drug

trafficking and one count of being a felon in possession of a firearm. In a prior opinion, we affirmed

the conviction but vacated the sentence for further consideration in light of United States v. Booker,

543 U.S. 220 (2005). United States v. McGhee, 161 Fed. Appx. 441 (6th Cir. 2005). On remand,

the district court imposed its original sentence of 120 months of incarceration for the drug-trafficking

counts to be followed by a consecutive sentence of 48 months for the firearms conviction.

Defendant now appeals.

       In his first assignment of error, defendant contends that his Fifth Amendment right to due

process was violated because the district court relied in part upon factors found by a preponderance

of the evidence rather than beyond a reasonable doubt in calculating the sentence. We review
No. 06-1866
United States v. McGhee

constitutional challenges to a sentence de novo. United States v. Gates, 461 F.3d 703, 708 (6th Cir.

2006) (citing United States v. Beverly, 369 F.3d 516, 536 (6th Cir. 2004)). This particular challenge

has been rejected by this court. Id. (citing United States v. Coffee, 434 F.3d 887, 897-98 (6th Cir.

2006)) (stating no Fifth Amendment violation when a sentencing court uses a preponderance of the

evidence standard). Our local rules prohibit a subsequent panel from overruling a published opinion

of a previous panel. 6th Cir. R. 206(c); see also United States v. Smith, 73 F.3d 1414, 1418 (6th Cir.

1996) (noting that a panel’s published decision is binding on subsequent panels unless an

“inconsistent decision of the United States Supreme Court requires modification of the decision or

this Court sitting en banc overrules the prior decision”) (quoting Salmi v. Sec’y of Health and Human

Servs., 774 F.2d 685, 689 (6th Cir. 1985)). In his reply brief to this court, defendant acknowledges

Gates and indicates that he presses his challenge in order to preserve it for subsequent review. He

is free to do so, of course. This panel is bound by Gates, however, and defendant’s Fifth

Amendment argument is therefore rejected.

       The second assignment of error takes issue with this court’s practice of according a rebuttable

presumption of reasonableness to sentences imposed within the range suggested by the now-advisory

Guidelines. See United States v. Williams, 436 F.3d 706, 708 (6th Cir. 2006) (“We now join several

sister circuits in crediting sentences properly calculated under the Guidelines with a rebuttable

presumption of reasonableness.”). The Supreme Court has subsequently clarified the extent to which

appellate courts may apply a presumption of reasonableness. Rita v. United States, 127 S. Ct. 2456,

2462-63 (2007). In United States v. Wilms, we explained the meaning of Rita in these terms:

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No. 06-1866
United States v. McGhee

               The Rita Court . . . noted that the presumption of reasonableness “is not
       binding. It does not, like a trial-related evidentiary presumption, insist that one side,
       or the other, shoulder a particular burden of persuasion or proof lest they lose their
       case.” Rita, 127 S. Ct. at 2463. The presumption also does not “reflect strong judicial
       deference of the kind that leads appeals courts to grant greater factfinding leeway to
       an expert agency than to a district judge.” Id. Instead, the Court explained, the
       presumption of reasonableness merely “reflects the fact that, by the time an appeals
       court is considering a within-Guidelines sentence on review, both the sentencing
       judge and the Sentencing Commission will have reached the same conclusion as to
       the proper sentence in the particular case.” Id. “[T]he courts of appeals’
       ‘reasonableness’ presumption, rather than having independent legal effect, simply
       recognizes the real-world circumstance that when the judge’s discretionary decision
       accords with the Commission’s view of the appropriate application of § 3553(a) in
       the mine run of cases, it is probable that the sentence is reasonable.” Id. at 2465.

495 F.3d 277, 280-81 (6th Cir. 2007). At re-sentencing, the district court observed that a 120-month

term of incarceration represented a “reasonable sentence taking into consideration the seriousness

of this offense; the history and characteristics of this defendant; the likelihood, but not great

likelihood, of recidivism; and the public’s need for protection.” In short, the district court concluded

that the sentence was reasonable after considering both the Guidelines and the factors outlined in 18

U.S.C. § 3553(a). Under these circumstances, there is nothing in either Rita or Wilms that precludes

us from applying a rebuttable presumption of reasonableness to that decision.

       Not only does the defendant challenge the presumption of reasonableness, he contends that

the district court’s sentence was, in fact, unreasonable. We disagree. Defendant was sentenced at

the low end of his Guidelines range and, as already mentioned, the district court took into

consideration the objectives of § 3553(a) before reaching a judgment.

       As his fourth and final assignment of error, the defendant contends that the district court

erred when it sentenced him as a career offender based upon prior convictions. Because we

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No. 06-1866
United States v. McGhee

considered and rejected his argument in our prior opinion, McGhee, 161 Fed. Appx. at 449, we

decline to revisit it here.

        The judgment is affirmed.

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