Court Opinion

ID: 2794229
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-04-16 14:06:43.952388+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:29:08.462703
License: Public Domain

VIRGINIA:
     In the Supreme Court of Virginia held at the Supreme Court
Building in the City of Richmond, on Thursday, the 16th day of
April, 2015.

Edwin M. Ramos, et al.,                                    Appellants,

 against     Record No. 141080
             Circuit Court No. CL2013-10944

Wells Fargo Bank, NA, et al.,                              Appellees.

                                          Upon an appeal from a
                                    judgment rendered by the Circuit
                                    Court of Fairfax County.

     Upon consideration of the record, briefs, and argument of
counsel, the Court is of the opinion that the circuit court did not
err in sustaining a demurrer to the second amended complaint of
appellants, Edwin M. Ramos and Evelyn S. Gill, against appellees,
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. ("Wells Fargo"), ALG Trustee, LLC ("ALG")
and Potomac Relocation Services, LLC ("Potomac").   Therefore, the
Court will affirm the judgment of the circuit court.
     Appellants filed this action challenging the foreclosure sale
of their residence.   They claimed that Wells Fargo wrongfully
initiated the foreclosure under the deed of trust securing the
promissory note for their loan to purchase the property.    After
their original and first amended complaints were dismissed on
demurrers, with leave to amend, appellants filed the second amended
complaint asserting a single claim for breach of contract.
     Appellants allege in the second amended complaint as follows:
The loan to purchase their residence was insured by the Federal
Housing Administration.   Certain federal Department of Housing and
Urban Development ("HUD") regulations were incorporated into the
accompanying purchase money deed of trust, including 24 C.F.R
§ 203.604.   This regulation sets forth requirements for the
acceleration of a loan and subsequent foreclosure in the event of a
borrower's payment default.   According to the appellants, after it
received the assignment of appellants' loan, Wells Fargo failed to
comply with this regulation by not having, or attempting to have, a
"face-to-face meeting" with appellants following their payment
default.   Because this meeting was a condition precedent to
foreclosing on their property, appellants theorized that Wells
Fargo's "authority to call a default had not accrued" and thus the
foreclosure it initiated was unlawful.   Furthermore, while Potomac
was the highest bidder at the foreclosure sale, settlement on the
sale had not yet taken place.   ALG, as the substitute trustee,
could therefore refund Potomac's security deposit and release
Potomac from its purchase.    Based on these allegations of a breach
of contract, appellants asked for compensatory damages and
rescission of the foreclosure sale.
     Wells Fargo filed a demurrer to the second amended complaint,
asserting that appellants did not state a cause of action for
breach of contract because, among other things, they (i) failed to
identify the injury caused by any contractual breach; (ii) failed
to allege any specific damages incurred and to include an ad damnum
clause stating the amount of damages sought; and (iii) failed to
allege facts indicating that the foreclosure sale was
unconscionable, a product of fraud, or otherwise voidable, thus
negating rescission as an equitable remedy.   The circuit court

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sustained the demurrer and dismissed the second amended complaint
with prejudice.   On appeal, appellants argue that the circuit court
erred in this ruling.
     In reviewing a circuit court's decision sustaining a demurrer,
we address the same issue that the circuit court addressed: whether
the facts alleged in a complaint are legally sufficient to state a
cause of action upon which the requested relief may be granted.
Assurance Data, Inc. v. Malyevac, 286 Va. 137, 143, 747 S.E.2d 804,
807 (2013); Dunn, McCormack & MacPherson v. Connolly, 281 Va. 553,
557, 708 S.E.2d 867, 869 (2011)).       Like the circuit court, we
accept as true all facts properly pleaded and all reasonable
inferences that may be drawn from those facts.       Assurance Data, 286
Va. at 143, 747 S.E.2d at 807; Concerned Taxpayers v. County of
Brunswick, 249 Va. 320, 323, 455 S.E.2d 712, 713 (1995).      A
demurrer, however, does not admit the correctness of the pleader's
legal conclusions.   Murayama 1997 Trust v. NISC Holdings, LLC, 284
Va. 234, 245, 727 S.E.2d 80, 86 (2012); Arogas, Inc. v. Frederick
Cnty. Bd. of Zoning Appeals, 280 Va. 221, 224, 698 S.E.2d 908, 910
(2010).   Because this presents an issue of law, we review the
circuit court's decision de novo.       Assurance Data, 286 Va. at 143,
747 S.E.2d 808; Dunn, McCormack & MacPherson, 281 Va. at 557, 708
S.E.2d at 869.
     "The elements of a breach of contract action are (1) a legally
enforceable obligation of a defendant to a plaintiff; (2) the
defendant's violation or breach of that obligation; and (3) injury
or damage to the plaintiff caused by the breach of obligation."
Filak v. George, 267 Va. 612, 619, 594 S.E.2d 610, 614 (2004).

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     Here, appellants rely upon Squire v. Virginia Housing
Development Authority, 287 Va. 507, 758 S.E.2d 55 (2014), and
Mathews v. PHH Mortgage Corp., 283 Va. 723, 724 S.E.2d 196 (2012),
in asserting their breach of contract action.    In those cases, we
held that the subject HUD regulation, 24 C.F.R § 203.604, created a
condition precedent to foreclosure under the respective Virginia
deeds of trust at issue, both of which incorporated the regulation.
Appellants allege that Wells Fargo breached the present deed of
trust, which likewise incorporated the regulation, by failing to
conduct a face-to-face meeting with appellants, as the regulation
requires, before initiating foreclosure on their property.
     We assume without deciding that appellants have made
sufficient allegations of causation for their breach of contract
action.   Nonetheless, we conclude that appellants have failed to
set forth allegations supporting their requests for relief in the
form of both money damages and rescission of the foreclosure sale.
     As indicated above, an essential element in a breach of
contract action is that the defendant's breach of a contractual
obligation caused injury or damage to the plaintiff.    Sunrise
Continuing Care, LLC v. Wright, 277 Va. 148, 154, 671 S.E.2d 132,
135 (2009); Filak, 267 Va. at 619, 594 S.E.2d at 614.    Accordingly,
the plaintiff must allege facts setting forth the injury or damage
incurred as a result of defendant's breach.     See Squire, 287 Va. at
518, 758 S.E.2d at 61 (holding plaintiff sufficiently alleged
damages resulting from foreclosure sale conducted in breach of deed
of trust based on lender's failure to conduct face-to-face meeting
required by HUD regulation).

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     In the second amended complaint, appellants fail to set forth
a single factual allegation of any injury or damage they incurred
as a result of Wells Fargo's alleged breach. And their second
amended complaint contains no ad damnum clause stating the amount
of any damages claimed, in violation of Rule 3:2(c)(ii) ("Every
complaint requesting an award of money damages shall contain an ad
damnum clause stating the amount of damages sought.").
     As to rescission, appellants allege that after defaulting on
their loan Wells Fargo and ALG initiated the foreclosure sale in
breach of the deed of trust, and that their property was then sold
at the foreclosure sale to Potomac as the highest bidder.   However,
as appellants further allege, no closing on the sale had occurred
at the time they filed the present action.   Appellants point to
this allegation to argue that, absent the closing, the foreclosure
sale can still be "unwound," i.e., rescinded, by this action.   That
is not so under Virginia law.
     Upon foreclosure under a Virginia deed of trust, "'[t]he
contract of sale [is] consummated when the auctioneer crie[s] the
property out to the person making the highest and last bid.   The
only power remaining in the trustees, so far as the purchaser [is]
concerned, [is] to collect the purchase money and execute a proper
deed conveying such property and title as had been conveyed to [the
purchaser].'"   Feldman v. Rucker, 201 Va. 11, 21, 109 S.E.2d 379,
386 (1959) (quoting Powell v. Adams, 179 Va. 170, 174-75, 18 S.E.2d
261, 263 (1942)).   Therefore, because the sale of the property to

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Potomac was so consummated, appellants are not entitled to
rescission of the foreclosure sale. *
     In sum, appellants' second amended complaint "does not satisfy
the pleading requirement of alleging facts upon which relief can be
granted" and is thus "insufficient to withstand a demurrer." Dean,
263 Va. at 490, 561 S.E.2d at 690.
     For these reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court
sustaining Wells Fargo's demurrer to the second amended complaint
and dismissing it with prejudice.    The appellants shall pay to the
appellees two hundred fifty dollars damages.
     This order shall be certified to the said circuit court and
shall be published in the Virginia Reports.

                               A Copy,

                                 Teste:

                                          Patricia L. Harrington, Clerk

     *
       As we addressed in Squire, potential exceptions to the
inapplicability of rescission as a remedy in the present context
would include cases involving fraud, collusion with the purchaser,
and a foreclosure sale price of such "gross inadequacy" that it
"shock[s] the conscience" of the court. 287 Va. at 519, 758 S.E.2d
at 61-62 (citing Jones v. Jones, 249 Va. 565, 573, 457 S.E.2d 365,
370 (1995) Musgrove v. Glasgow, 212 Va. 852, 854, 188 S.E.2d 94, 96
(1972); Cromer v. De Jarnette, 188 Va. 680, 687-88, 51 S.E.2d 201,
204 (1949); Schweitzer v. Stroh, 182 Va. 842, 848, 30 S.E.2d 689,
692 (1944); Dunn v. Silk, 155 Va. 504, 509, 155 S.E. 694, 695
(1930)). In this case, no such allegations have been made.
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