Court Opinion

ID: 4016936
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-18 22:02:46.795282+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:07:05.651575
License: Public Domain

Filed 7/18/16 Kantor v. McDermott Will & Emery CA2/8
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                 DIVISION EIGHT

JAMES RHYS KANTOR,                                                   B264278

         Plaintiff and Appellant,                                    (Los Angeles County
                                                                     Super. Ct. No. SC122075)
         v.

MCDERMOTT WILL & EMERY et al.,

         Defendants and Respondents.

         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County,
Lawrence Cho, Judge. Affirmed.

         Law Office of Eric Y. Nishizawa and Eric Y. Nishizawa for Plaintiff and
Appellant.

         Gibson, Dunn & Cruthcher, James P. Fogelman, Shannon E. Mader and Lily Bu
for Defendants and Respondents.

                                                       ******
       Plaintiff James Rhys Kantor challenges the trial court’s grant of summary
judgment to defendants McDermott Will & Emery, Jonathan Lurie, and Nicole Pearl on a
single claim for legal malpractice after plaintiff failed to oppose the motion. He also
challenges the court’s refusal to grant a continuance to give him more time to oppose the
motion. We affirm.
                                     BACKGROUND
1. Paul Kantor’s Estate Planning and the Trust Action
       Plaintiff filed his original complaint on February 13, 2014, and his operative first
amended complaint (FAC) on June 3, 2014. He alleged a single claim of legal
malpractice stemming from defendants’ preparation and execution of his father Paul
Kantor’s estate plan in 2002. Paul died on December 23, 2002, and plaintiff alleged he
should have received a one-fourth interest in Paul’s valuable fine art collection through
provisions of a family trust and a family limited partnership defendants prepared for Paul.
He alleged he suffered actual injury on February 19, 2013, when a superior court judge in
a separate proceeding challenging Paul’s trust ruled Paul’s community property interest
in his art collection fell within a “personal effects” provision in the family trust and
therefore went to Paul’s surviving wife and plaintiff’s stepmother Ulrike (the trust
action). Plaintiff believed defendants’ failure to properly prepare and execute the estate
plan before Paul’s death in 2002 caused him to lose his interest under the trust.
       Defendants’ undisputed evidence submitted in support of summary judgment
showed the following further details. Paul and Ulrike were married from 1960 to 1979
and remarried from 1997 to Paul’s death in December 2002. Before their remarriage, in
1994 Paul executed the Third Amendment and Complete Restatement of the Paul Kantor
Living Trust, providing that his works of art would be distributed to his children who
survived him for 30 days. After remarrying in 1997, Paul and Ulrike executed a full
restatement of the Paul Kantor Living Trust, transforming it to the Kantor Family Trust.

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Under it, if Paul died first, his “tangible personal property” including “works of art,”
would be allocated to a Survivor’s Trust for Ulrike’s benefit.1
       Defendants performed estate planning services for Paul and Ulrike in 2002. They
prepared three documents, all executed on July 3, 2002: a Restatement of the Kantor
Family Trust (the Restatement); an agreement of limited partnership, which formed the
Kantor Family, L.P. (the FLP); and a Will of Paul Kantor (the Will). The Will
transferred all of Paul’s assets, including his “tangible personal property” such as “works
of art,” to the trustee of the trust. Under the Restatement, Paul and Ulrike were trustees,
and if Paul died first, his separate and community property would be allocated to a
Decedent’s trust, then Ulrike as the surviving trustee would distribute his personal effects
according to a personal effects list. If any items did not appear on the personal effects
list, they would be allocated to the Survivor’s Trust. Separately, upon Paul’s death,
plaintiff would be allocated $300,000 from the Decedent’s trust in a irrevocable trust for
his benefit, and upon Ulrike’s death, he would be allocated another $300,000.
       Under a partnership agreement governing the FLP (the FLP agreement), Paul and
Ulrike were responsible for making capital contributions to the FLP. At the time they
executed the FLP agreement on July 3, 2002, they did not make any initial capital
contribution. They ultimately decided not to fund the FLP and never registered it with
the Secretary of State. Plaintiff testified at his deposition that he was unaware of the FLP
and Paul never told him he intended to fund the FLP with artwork.
       A month after executing these documents, Paul deposited approximately $700,000
in plaintiff’s separate irrevocable trust. He did so “to take care of [plaintiff] so he can
afford a house for himself.”
       When Paul died in December 2002, these documents caused his entire substantial
art collection to pass to Ulrike. As noted, he never placed any artwork in the FLP to fund
it. Instead, his “works of art” were listed in the definition of “personal effects” in the

1      Paul and Ulrike signed a written agreement in 1997 providing that all of their
property, including Paul’s art collection, would be community property.

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Restatement. Because Paul never prepared a personal effects list before his death, his art
collection passed to Ulrike as the survivor. According to Ulrike’s deposition testimony,
this is what they intended, which they expressed to defendants at the time. Arnold
Kaufman, a longtime accountant and advisor for Paul and Ulrike who was involved in
their estate planning with defendants, similarly testified Paul intended to leave his art
collection to Ulrike. Plaintiff testified neither Paul nor Ulrike ever expressed an intention
to give him a portion of Paul’s art collection.
       In 2003, plaintiff obtained a copy of the Restatement showing Ulrike receiving
Paul’s art collection. And by November 2009, he had become aware she had sold over
$7 million of Paul’s art collection in 2007, including learning in May 2009 of a February
2007 sale for $4 million.
       On April 25, 2011, plaintiff sued Ulrike and Kaufman in the trust action, alleging
a host of claims related to the Restatement and his irrevocable trust. As part of that
lawsuit, he deposed Ulrike on June 1, 2012, and questioned her about a March 23, 2004
United States Estate Tax Return, Form 706 (Form 706) filed on behalf of Paul, which
reflects “artwork and collectibles” valued at over $9 million, with half designated as
community property. The form indicated those assets passed to Ulrike on Paul’s death
and the FLP owned no assets. Plaintiff also deposed defendants Jonathan Lurie and
Nicole Pearl. On August 24, 2012, Lurie testified Form 706 showed the FLP had no
assets at Paul’s death and his art collection passed to the Survivor’s Trust under the
Restatement. Plaintiff questioned him about handwritten notes by Pearl from a June 2002
meeting with Paul and Ulrike, which stated the “Family L[.]P. [w]ill hold art and stocks
and bonds.” Pearl testified on February 13, 2013, regarding the FLP and her notes from
the meeting with Paul and Ulrike.
       On February 19, 2013, the court in the trust action held an evidentiary hearing on
the proper allocation of Paul’s community property interest in his art collection. Plaintiff
primarily contented the collection did not fall within the “personal effects” provision in

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the Restatement. In a February 26, 2013 minute order, the court disagreed, which
confirmed Paul’s art collection went to Ulrike.2
2. The Malpractice Lawsuit
        Just shy of one year after that ruling, plaintiff filed the original complaint in this
case. On June 12, 2014, defendants reserved March 27, 2015, for a hearing on an
anticipated summary judgment motion and informed plaintiff of that date at a July 7,
2014 case management conference. The parties commenced discovery on July 30, 2014.
Both parties deposed Ulrike and Kaufman, and defendants deposed plaintiff and served
written discovery requests, to which plaintiff responded.
        On December 9, 2014, plaintiff’s former counsel moved to be relieved as counsel.
        On January 6, 2015, defendants moved for summary judgment on three
independent grounds: (1) plaintiff’s claim was barred by the statute of limitations in
Code of Civil Procedure section 340.6 (section 340.6); (2) plaintiff lacked standing to
bring his malpractice claim; and (3) plaintiff could not establish causation.
        On February 10, 2015, plaintiff filed a substitution of counsel to represent himself.
The court took the pending motion to be relieved as counsel off calendar and noted “[a]ll
future dates are to remain as currently set.”
        Plaintiff’s opposition to the pending summary judgment motion was due
March 13, 2015. Two days prior and without an attorney, he filed an ex parte application
to extend the time to file his opposition to May 9, 2015. Defendants opposed, and the
court denied it without prejudice. Plaintiff filed a new ex parte application on March 13,
2015, the day his summary judgment opposition was due, again requesting an extension
to May 9, 2015. In a declaration, he claimed his former attorney had not propounded
discovery on defendants and failed to respond to defendants’ discovery. He asserted an
extension would allow him “to ascertain material facts that will enable [him] to

2       Plaintiff eventually settled that suit for $1 million plus forgiveness of a $460,000
loan.

                                                5
successfully oppose defendant’s motion for summary judgment.” He requested
defendants’ counsel consent to an extension on March 3, 2015, but counsel refused.
       In a second declaration, he explained to successfully oppose the motion, he needed
“an expert witness with knowledge of issues surrounding the statute of limitations in trust
and estates attorney malpractice/professional negligence and the issues surrounding the
execution of estate plans to depose and provide their opinion in regards to the
corresponding standards of care at issue in [the] current matter and whether or not the
defendants met that standard in the performance of their duties.” He further claimed he
needed additional discovery on entry No. 18 in defendants’ privilege log in the trust
action related to a communication between defendants and Paul, as well as the enclosures
in an October 14, 2002 letter also withheld by defendants.
       Defendants filed a detailed opposition, arguing plaintiff failed to show good cause
for a continuance. They pointed out plaintiff had more than eight months’ notice for the
summary judgment hearing, yet he failed to conduct discovery. Defendants pointed out
entry No. 18 was from defendants’ privilege log in the trust action and plaintiff never
moved to compel production of that document in that action. Similarly, plaintiff could
have retained an expert at any time, but did not. In any case, the discovery he sought
would be irrelevant to the issues defendants raised in the summary judgment motion,
namely the statute of limitations, standing, and causation. Defendants further contended
the withdrawal of plaintiff’s counsel a month before the hearing did not excuse him from
conducting discovery prior to that time.
       The court denied a continuance and plaintiff did not file an opposition to the
summary judgment motion. After a hearing at which plaintiff—still unrepresented—
argued his position, the court granted summary judgment to defendants. In a minute
order, it noted plaintiff’s failure to oppose did not relieve defendants from showing
summary judgment was warranted, but concluded defendants carried their burden to

                                             6
show summary judgment was proper on all three grounds advanced—the statute of
limitations, standing, and causation. The court entered judgment and plaintiff appealed.3
                                       DISCUSSION
1. Summary Judgment
       On appeal, the parties have briefed the same three independent grounds that
formed the basis for the trial court’s ruling granting summary judgment. Because we find
the statute of limitations issue dispositive, we need not address the other issues.
A. Legal Standard
       We review the grant of summary judgment de novo, considering all the evidence
set forth in the moving and opposition papers except evidence for which objections were
made and sustained. (Guz v. Bechtel National, Inc. (2000) 24 Cal.4th 317, 334.) Under
Code of Civil Procedure section 437c, subdivision (c), a motion for summary judgment
must be granted if “all the papers submitted show that there is no triable issue as to any
material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.”
Thus, we must decide whether the defendant has conclusively negated a necessary
element of the plaintiff’s claim or has established an affirmative defense and has
demonstrated no material issue of fact requires a determination at trial. (Code Civ. Proc.,
§ 437c, subds. (o), (p)(2); Guz, supra, at p. 334.) The burden then shifts to the plaintiff to
present evidence showing a triable issue of fact. (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, subd. (p)(2).)
Even when a motion is unopposed, the moving party must meet its initial burden before
the trial court may grant summary judgment. (Harmon v. Mono General Hospital (1982)
131 Cal.App.3d 607, 613.)
B. Statute of Limitations
       Section 340.6 sets forth one-year and four-year statutes of limitations for legal
malpractice claims: “An action against an attorney for a wrongful act or omission, other
than for actual fraud, arising in the performance of professional services shall be
commenced within one year after the plaintiff discovers, or through the use of reasonable

3      Plaintiff is represented by counsel on appeal.

                                              7
diligence should have discovered, the facts constituting the wrongful act or omission, or
four years from the date of the wrongful act or omission, whichever occurs first.”
(§ 340.6, subd. (a).) “[I]n no event shall the time for commencement of legal action
exceed four years except that period shall be tolled during the time that” “[t]he plaintiff
has not sustained actual injury” or “[t]he attorney willfully conceals the facts constituting
the wrongful act or omission when such facts are known to the attorney, except that this
subdivision shall toll only the four-year limitation.” (§ 340.6, subd. (a)(1), (3).) Because
the undisputed evidence demonstrates plaintiff failed to file his lawsuit within the four-
year period in section 340.6, we need not decide whether plaintiff’s claim was also barred
by shorter the one-year discovery period.4
       As plaintiff alleged in the FAC, the “wrongful act or omission” occurred prior to
Paul’s death in 2002 when, according to plaintiff, defendants “failed to exercise
reasonable care and skill . . . in that they failed to properly prepare and execute [Paul’s]
estate plan, including, but not limited to the amended and restated Kantor Family Trust.”
If defendants had not negligently drafted Paul’s estate plan, plaintiff would have received
a portion of Paul’s art collection at his death. Plaintiff argues defendants failed to carry
their burden to show summary judgment was proper because they did not include facts in
their separate statement revealing this specific “wrongful act or omission.” In his view,
the limitations period cannot be accurately calculated on this record. But he ignores that
he pleaded the wrongful act in the FAC, a necessary element of his malpractice claim. In
their separate statement, defendants set forth sufficient facts to substantiate their
representation of Paul and Ulrike leading up to Paul’s death in 2002 and plaintiff’s
knowledge of Paul’s estate planning thereafter. Plaintiff filed his lawsuit in

4      As a result, the parties’ dispute over when plaintiff actually or constructively
discovered defendants’ alleged “wrongful act or omission” is irrelevant to our decision.
(See Radovich v. Locke-Paddon (1995) 35 Cal.App.4th 946, 968-970 [four-year period in
§ 340.6 runs from the date of occurrence, whether or not plaintiff discovered the
malpractice].)

                                               8
February 2014, more than a decade after defendants’ alleged wrongful act, so, absent
tolling, his claim was untimely.
       Plaintiff claims the statute of limitations was tolled until February 26, 2013, when
he suffered “actual injury” after the court in the trustee action found Paul’s art collection
fell within his “personal effects” under the Restatement, and therefore went to Ulrike.
There is no bright-line rule for actual injury, and it can be resolved on summary judgment
if the facts are undisputed. (Truong v. Glasser (2009) 181 Cal.App.4th 102, 111.) The
test is “whether the plaintiff has sustained any damages compensable in an action, other
than one for actual fraud, against an attorney for a wrongful act or omission arising in the
performance of professional services.” (Jordache Enterprises, Inc. v. Brobeck, Phleger
& Harrison (1998) 18 Cal.4th 739, 751 (Jordache).)
       Here, the undisputed evidence showed plaintiff suffered actual injury in 2002
when Paul died and plaintiff lost any interest he might have had in Paul’s art collection.
At Paul’s death, his art collection passed to Ulrike under the terms of the Restatement,
and the FLP was left without any capital, including any of Paul’s art collection. Plaintiff
attributes both of those occurrences to defendants’ negligence. At that moment, plaintiff
lost any ownership interest in Paul’s art collection and was injured in the amount he
claimed was his rightful share of Paul’s art collection. Indeed, in his deposition plaintiff
testified he felt “harmed” when Paul left nothing in the FLP at his death. None of those
facts changed when a court confirmed his lack of ownership more than a decade later.
Instead, the trust suit was merely an alternative way for plaintiff to recover for his alleged
injury from not inheriting a portion of Paul’s art collection in 2002. (See Jordache,
supra, 18 Cal.4th at p. 755 [“[T]he determination of actual injury does not necessarily
require some form of adjudication, judgment, or settlement. [Citations.] . . . [Citation.]
[A] collateral suit itself may be a consequence of the alleged malpractice or simply an
alternative means of obtaining relief.”]; see also Foxborough v. Van Atta (1994) 26
Cal.App.4th 217, 226 [actual injury occurred before later judgment because that litigation

                                              9
“was not the first realization of an injury from the alleged malpractice, but rather the loss
of an alternative means for obtaining monetary relief for that injury”].)5
       Plaintiff also claims the limitations period was tolled due to defendants’ willful
concealment of the facts constituting the wrongful act or omission. His argument rests
entirely on defendants’ withholding of certain attorney-client privileged documents in the
trustee action on the ground defendants did not represent plaintiff at the time they were
drafting Paul’s estate planning documents. However, as we discuss below in conjunction
with plaintiff’s requested continuance, the documents he identifies are not relevant to the
statute of limitations issue. In any case, the undisputed facts showed defendants did not
represent plaintiff in the course of Paul’s estate planning, so their withholding of
privileged documents could not have shown they willfully concealed any negligence from
plaintiff related to Paul’s estate planning. (Cf. Wells Fargo Bank v. Superior Court
(2000) 22 Cal.4th 201, 206 (Wells Fargo) [trustee may assert attorney-client privilege
against beneficiaries of trust].)
       Thus, defendants presented undisputed facts to show the four-year limitation
period in section 340.6 expired, and plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue that the period
was tolled. Summary judgment to defendants was proper.
2. Request for Continuance
       Plaintiff contends the trial court abused its discretion when it denied his ex parte
application for a continuance so he could conduct further discovery. We disagree.

5       Plaintiff argues “controlling California authority” establishes that “‘in
transactional legal malpractice cases, when the adequacy of the documentation is the
subject of dispute, an action for attorney malpractice accrues on entry of an adverse
judgment, settlement, or dismissal of the underlying action,’” citing Jordache and Baltins
v. James (1995) 36 Cal.App.4th 1193, 1203. But Jordache expressly overruled the case
Baltins quoted and rejected the application of any bright-line rules for when a plaintiff
suffers actual injury under section 360.4. (Jordache, supra, 18 Cal.4th at pp. 762-763;
see id. at p. 761, fn. 9 [disapproving of Baltins’ suggestion any bright-line rules apply to
determine actual injury].)

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       Pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 437c, subdivision (h), “[i]f it appears
from the affidavits submitted in opposition to a motion for summary judgment or
summary adjudication or both that facts essential to justify opposition may exist but
cannot, for reasons stated, then be presented, the court shall deny the motion, order a
continuance to permit affidavits to be obtained or discovery to be had, or make any other
order as may be just. The application to continue the motion to obtain necessary
discovery may also be made by ex parte motion at any time on or before the date the
opposition response to the motion is due.”
       This provision “mandates a continuance of a summary judgment hearing upon a
good faith showing by affidavit that additional time is needed to obtain facts essential to
justify opposition to the motion. [Citations.] Continuance of a summary judgment
hearing is not mandatory, however, when no affidavit is submitted or when the submitted
affidavit fails to make the necessary showing under [Code of Civil Procedure] section
437c, subdivision (h). [Citations.] Thus, in the absence of an affidavit that requires a
continuance under section 437c, subdivision (h), we review the trial court’s denial of
appellant’s request for a continuance for abuse of discretion.” (Cooksey v. Alexakis
(2004) 123 Cal.App.4th 246, 253-254.) An affidavit in support of a request for
continuance must show: “‘(1) the facts to be obtained are essential to opposing the
motion; (2) there is reason to believe such facts may exist; and (3) the reasons why
additional time is needed to obtain these facts.’” (Id. at p. 254.) “It is not sufficient
under the statute merely to indicate further discovery or investigation is contemplated.
The statute makes it a condition that the party moving for a continuance show ‘facts
essential to justify opposition may exist.’” (Roth v. Rhodes (1994) 25 Cal.App.4th 530,
548 (Roth).) The trial court may also deny a continuance if the moving party was not
diligent in pursuing discovery sooner. (Cooksey, supra, at p. 257.)
       Because the undisputed facts showed the four-year statute of limitations expired,
plaintiff was entitled to a continuance only by showing he was unable to obtain discovery
of facts “essential” to demonstrating the limitations period was tolled. In his supporting
declarations to the trial court, he relied on two specific items—the communication

                                              11
reflected in entry No. 18 of defendants’ privilege log in the trust action; and the
enclosures to an October 14, 2002 letter from Jodi Schwartz on behalf of defendants to
Paul transmitting drafts of Paul’s estate planning documents. He claims entry No. 18 of
the privilege log would show tolling based on willful concealment. Yet, the description
of that entry states, “Confidential communication from attorney’s assistant to client re
confidential taxpayer information” and “Enclosure to confidential communication
revealing confidential taxpayer information.” He has failed to explain how a
communication about “confidential taxpayer information” had any bearing on willful
concealment of any negligence surrounding Paul’s estate planning. Nor has he shown he
could overcome the attorney-client privilege to obtain this document even if it was
relevant. (See Wells Fargo, supra, 22 Cal.4th at p. 206.) As for the enclosures to the
October 2002 letter, he argues they would refute many of defendants’ allegedly
undisputed facts, but all those facts go to other issues, not tolling. And again, to the
extent defendants withheld these documents as privileged, plaintiff has not shown how he
could obtain them in discovery. (See ibid.)
       Plaintiff further suggested in his declaration he needed time to find an expert with
“knowledge of issues surrounding the statute of limitations in trust and estates attorney
malpractice/professional negligence and the issues surrounding the execution of estate
plans,” and who could give opinions on “the corresponding standards of care at issue in
[the] current matter and whether or not the defendants met that standard in the
performance of their duties.” An expert on the standard of care would be irrelevant
because the statute of limitations defense is dispositive. And plaintiff has not identified
what “issues surrounding the statute of limitations” would require expert testimony. (See
Roth, supra, 25 Cal.App.4th at p. 548 [affidavit requesting continuance to obtain expert
opinions insufficient without “statement which suggests what facts might exist” to
oppose summary judgment].)
       Plaintiff also failed to demonstrate he diligently pursued discovery prior to seeking
a continuance. We are not unmindful of plaintiff’s predicament when his counsel
withdrew and left him unrepresented a month before his opposition was due. But this

                                              12
case had been pending for nearly a year and the date for the summary judgment hearing
had been set eight months in advance, during which time plaintiff was represented.
Plaintiff claimed his attorney “ha[d] not propounded any discovery” and had not
responded to defendants’ discovery,6 but he did not explain why. Likewise, for the two
specific items he cited above as “essential” to his case, he did not explain why he had not
sought to compel their production at any time before his attorney withdrew, including
during the trust action. On the other hand, plaintiff already had documents and testimony
from the trust action, including depositions from Lurie, Pearl, Ulrike, and Kaufman,
along with the documents shown to those witnesses. His counsel also had the
opportunity to question Ulrike and Kaufman at their depositions in this case.
       Thus, his declarations fell short of showing a continuance was mandatory under
Code of Civil Procedure section 437c, subdivision (h), so the court’s decision to deny a
continuance was discretionary. We cannot say the court abused that discretion on these
facts, even though plaintiff’s attorney withdrew a month before his opposition was due.
                                     DISPOSITION
       The judgment is affirmed. Defendants are awarded costs on appeal.

                                                 FLIER, J.
WE CONCUR:

       BIGELOW, P. J.

       GRIMES, J.

6     This is not entirely accurate—the record contains plaintiff’s responses to
defendants’ first set of requests for admission and form interrogatories.

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