Court Opinion

ID: 9838559
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-09-06 20:01:27.004014+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:16:56.366636
License: Public Domain

USCA11 Case: 23-11460    Document: 20-1     Date Filed: 09/06/2023   Page: 1 of 6

                                                  [DO NOT PUBLISH]
                                   In the
                United States Court of Appeals
                        For the Eleventh Circuit

                          ____________________

                                No. 23-11460
                          Non-Argument Calendar
                          ____________________

       UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
                                                      Plaintiﬀ-Appellee,
       versus
       TANEILIAN MCARTHUR,

                                                  Defendant-Appellant.

                          ____________________

                 Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Middle District of Alabama
                 D.C. Docket No. 2:19-cr-00142-WKW-SMD-1
                           ____________________
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       2                      Opinion of the Court                23-11460

       Before JORDAN, NEWSOM, and GRANT, Circuit Judges.
       PER CURIAM:
              Taneilian McArthur appeals his twelve-month term of su-
       pervised release, which was imposed upon the revocation of his
       previous period of supervised release, and will be served after he
       serves a new ten-month term of imprisonment. Mr. McArthur ar-
       gues that the district court abused its discretion when it imposed a
       new period of release because he is not amenable to supervision by
       the probation office.
                                         I
              Mr. McArthur pled guilty to possessing a firearm as a con-
       victed felon in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). On August 11,
       2021, he was sentenced to time served—30 months and 6 days—to
       be followed by three years of supervised release, which was the
       maximum term of supervised release that the district court could
       have imposed. See 18 U.S.C. § 3583(b)(2).
              Less than a year later, on July 21, 2022, Mr. McArthur’s pro-
       bation officer directed him to report to the probation office on July
       26, 2022, but he failed to do so. [The probation officer then called
       Mr. McArthur, and he reacted with threatening and belligerent lan-
       guage. Later that day, Mr. McArthur was arrested and charged
       with disorderly conduct—according to Mr. McArthur’s brief, for
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       23-11460                  Opinion of the Court                               3

       yelling and cursing at a delivery driver, removing his pants, and at-
       tempting to defecate on the sidewalk. Appellant’s Br. at 2. 1
              At his revocation hearing, the district court determined that
       he violated the terms of his release. Mr. McArthur requested that
       no supervised release follow his incarceration, noting that he had
       already served a year of supervised release. The government
       acknowledged that Mr. McArthur’s problems in complying with
       the conditions of his supervised release stemmed from mental ill-
       ness and drug use but nevertheless raised concerns that Mr. McAr-
       thur posed a danger to the public given his history of firearm of-
       fenses. The government suggested that regular check-ins with pro-
       bation were required to effectively protect the community.
              The district court calculated the guideline range for revoca-
       tion to be five to eleven months, based a criminal history of cate-
       gory III and a Grade C violation. The district court sentenced Mr.
       McArthur to ten months in custody followed by twelve months of
       supervised release.
                                             II
              We review the sentence imposed upon the revocation of su-
       pervised release for reasonableness. See United States v. Sweeting,
       437 F.3d 1105, 1106-1107 (11th Cir. 2006). And we review the rea-
       sonableness of a sentence for abuse of discretion using a two-step

       1 These details are not in the record, but are purportedly contained in Govern-

       ment Exhibit 2, which was introduced at the revocation hearing. See D.E. 256
       at 7-8.
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       4                       Opinion of the Court                  23-11460

       process. See United States v. Tome, 611 F.3d 1371, 1378 (11th Cir.
       2010). We first determine “whether the district court committed
       any significant procedural error” and then “whether the sentence
       is substantively unreasonable under the totality of the circum-
       stances.” Id. The party challenging the sentence has the burden to
       show that it is unreasonable in light of the record and the 18 U.S.C.
       § 3553(a) factors. Id.
              Mr. McArthur does not argue that the district court proce-
       durally erred. He instead argues that the district court abused its
       discretion in imposing a twelve-month period of supervised release
       because he is not amenable to supervision by the probation office
       due to his mental health issues.
               When determining the substantive reasonableness of a sen-
       tence, we consider the totality of the facts and circumstances as
       well as the § 3553(a) factors. We will vacate a sentence “only if we
       are left with the definite and firm conviction that the district court
       committed a clear error of judgment in weighing the § 3553(a) fac-
       tors by arriving at a sentence that is outside the range of reasonable
       sentences dictated by the facts of the case.” United States v. Gold-
       man, 953 F.3d 1213, 1222 (11th Cir. 2020) (citing United States v. Irey,
       612 F.3d 1160, 1190 (11th Cir. 2010) (en banc)). We “ordinarily ex-
       pect a sentence within the [sentencing] Guidelines range to be rea-
       sonable.” United States v. Gonzalez, 550 F.3d 1319, 1324 (11th Cir.
       2008).
             The district court sentenced Mr. McArthur to a term of im-
       prisonment within the advisory guideline range. It stated that it
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       23-11460                Opinion of the Court                            5

       had considered all of the § 3553(a) factors, including the need to
       protect the public, the criminal history of Mr. McArthur, the need
       to promote respect for the law, and avoid unwarranted sentencing
       disparities. See D.E. 256 at 38-39. It expressed concern that Mr.
       McArthur had “been caught with guns six times,” that he had “fired
       shots three times,” and that he had “shot somebody twice.” D.E.
       256 at 28. It also noted that Mr. McArthur had “exposed [himself]
       nine times in . . . five different locations in the last [thirteen] years”
       and that he had “mental health evaluations in 2008, 2011, 2012
       twice, 2014, 2016, twice in 2019, and now in 2023.” Id. at 29.
              The district court seemingly agreed with the government’s
       suggestion that regular check-ins with probation were required to
       effectively protect the community. See id. at 37. Given all of the
       facts and considerations, it did not abuse its discretion in sentencing
       Mr. McArthur to a term of supervised release of one year.
               We further note that Mr. McArthur’s one-year term of su-
       pervised release complies with the maximum imposed by 18 U.S.C.
       § 3583. A district court may impose a new term of supervised re-
       lease following a term of imprisonment upon the revocation of a
       defendant’s original term of supervised release. See 18 U.S.C. §
       3583(h). But “the maximum allowable supervised release follow-
       ing multiple revocations must be reduced by the aggregate length
       of any terms of imprisonment that have been imposed upon revo-
       cation.” United States v. Moore, 22 F.4th 1258, 1265 (11th Cir. 2022).
       In this case, the maximum allowable supervised release on the un-
       derlying firearm offense was three years. See 18 U.S.C. § 3583(b)(2).
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       6                      Opinion of the Court                23-11460

       Mr. McArthur spent ten months in jail, so the maximum term of
       supervised release that the district court could have imposed is
       twenty six months. Mr. McArthur’s twelve-month period of super-
       vised release, therefore, was well below the statutory maximum.
              Mr. McArthur’s argument—that the district court abused its
       discretion in imposing a one-year period of supervised release be-
       cause he is not amenable to supervision by the probation office—
       does not compel us to vacate his sentence. See United States v.
       Gresham, 325 F.3d 1262, 1268 (11th Cir. 2003) (“Defendants who
       violate the conditions of their supervised release are the defendants
       most in need of more supervised release”). See also United States v.
       Wasielak, 253 F. App’x 822, 826 (11th Cir. 2007) (affirming an addi-
       tional term of supervised release as reasonable despite the defend-
       ant’s argument that he would not conform to the terms of release).
       Although we recognize Mr. McArthur’s mental health issues, we
       cannot say that the district court abused its discretion in imposing
       another term of supervised release.
                                        III
             We affirm Mr. McArthur’s sentence.
             AFFIRMED.