Court Opinion

ID: 2784526
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-03-06 18:00:28.74788+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:04:54.966477
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                       MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     ROSETTA R. BROWNE,                              DOCKET NUMBER
                   Appellant,                        AT-0752-13-7373-I-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY,                     DATE: March 4, 2015
                 Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NO NPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Rosetta R. Browne, Buford, Georgia, pro se.

           Jessica L. Bachman, Atlanta, Georgia, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                              Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
                                 Mark A. Robbins, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1        The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     dismissed her involuntary retirement appeal for lack of jurisdiction. Generally,
     we grant petitions such as this one only when:         the initial decision contains
     erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous
     interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     sign ificantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                        2

     the facts of the case; the judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or
     the initial decision were not consistent with required procedures or involved an
     abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or
     new and material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the
     petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record closed. See Title 5
     of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).
     After fully considering the filings in this appeal, and based on the following
     points and authorities, we conclude that the petitioner has not established any
     basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review. Therefore, we
     DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision, which is now the
     Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

                                      BACKGROUND
¶2        Effective January 3, 2013, the appellant retired from her position as a
     Supervisory Associate Advocate with the Internal Revenue Service.             Initial
     Appeal File (IAF), Tab 12, subtab 4f. She filed a Board appeal alleging that her
     retirement was involuntary because she was subjected to discrimination, reprisal
     for whistleblowing, and a hostile work environment. IAF, Tab 1 at 5.
¶3        The essential facts, as set forth by the administrative judge, are that starting
     in January 2011 the appellant and her secretary began to have numerous
     workplace conflicts that were brought to the attention of agency management.
     IAF, Tab 26, Initial Decision (ID) at 1-2; see IAF, Tab 9 at 4-5, Tab 10 at 5-6, 30,
     Tab 12, subtab 4e. On April 11, 2012, the appellant filed a complaint with the
     agency Inspector General indicating that she was “deeply concerned about [her]
     safety in this office” and alleging that her subordinate had thrown a three-ring
     binder at her.   ID at 2; see IAF, Tab 10 at 29.      Following this incident, the
     appellant alleged that: (1) on April 12, 2012, during a conference call to discuss
     her situation, the agency repeatedly requested her to resign; (2) from April 16 to
     May 7, 2012, she was forced to work from home; (3) when she returned to work,
                                                                                           3

     she was told to move her office over the weekend; (4) effective May 6, 2012, she
     was detailed to a position where she performed mostly clerical duties and heard
     people laughing at her 2; and (5) on December 12, 2012, was informed that she
     would be permanently reassigned to the position to which she had been detailed. 3
     ID at 5; see Hearing Compact Disc (CD), Track 1 (testimony of the appellant).
¶4           After holding a hearing, the administrative judge dismissed the appeal for
     lack of jurisdiction finding that the appellant failed to establish that the agency
     engaged in a course of conduct that made working conditions so difficult or
     unpleasant that a reasonable person in her position would have felt compelled to
     retire.    ID at 9.    The administrative judge found that, even assuming that the
     appellant was told to retire, work from home, and move her office over the
     weekend, a reasonable person would not have felt compelled to retire 8 months
     later. ID at 8. Regarding the appellant’s detail, the administrative judge found
     that,     although    the appellant   was unhappy about       being assigned     to   a
     nonsupervisory position and performing work for which she felt overqualified,
     her detail did not render her working conditions so difficult that a reasonable
     person would have felt compelled to retire. ID at 8-9. Finally, regarding the
     appellant’s discrimination and reprisal claims, the administrative judge found that
     she could only consider them to the extent that they may have contributed to the
     appellant’s decision to retire and that, even if the appellant’s allegations were
     true, they would not have coerced her retirement. ID at 9.
¶5           The appellant has filed a petition for review in which she challenges the
     administrative judge’s finding that her retirement was voluntary and asserts that
     the administrative judge failed to consider all of the evidence, made improper

     2
       The appellant’s detail was initially from May 6 to July 28, 2012, but it was
     subsequently extended until December 29, 2012. IAF, Tab 14 at 16-19.
     3
      Although the appellant testified that she was informed on several occasions during her
     detail that she would be reassigned instead of returning to her Supervisory Associate
     Advocate position, she in fact was not reassigned prior to her retirement. Hearing CD,
     Track 1 at 2:01 (testimony of the appellant).
                                                                                          4

     credibility determinations, and improperly excluded certain witnesses. Petition
     for Review (PFR) File, Tab 4. She also submits evidence that she argues is new
     and material.     Id. at 14.      Finally, she reasserts her discrimination and
     whistleblower reprisal 4 claims and raises constructive demotion, constructive
     suspension, and due process claims for the first time. Id. at 10-11, 17-19, 24-26.
     The agency has filed an opposition to the appellant’s petition. PFR File, Tab 6.

                     DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
     The Board will not address evidence or argument submitted by the appellant for
     the first time on review.
¶6        As an initial matter, we note that the appellant submits for the first time on
     review 17 exhibits containing documents that substantially predate the close of
     the record below. 5 PFR File, Tab 4 at 27. The Board generally will not consider
     evidence submitted for the first time with a petition for review absent a showing
     that it was unavailable before the record was closed despite the party’s due
     diligence. Avansino v. U.S. Postal Service, 3 M.S.P.R. 211, 214 (1980); 5 C.F.R.
     § 1201.114(b). The appellant has not attempted to show that these materials were
     previously unavailable despite her due diligence.        Accordingly, we have not
     considered them on review.
¶7        Similarly, we decline to consider the appellant’s arguments raised for the
     first time on review that she was constructively demoted when the agency
     detailed her, she was constructively suspended when she was required to work
     4
       Nothing in the record suggests that the appellant first brought her reprisal for
     whistleblowing claim to the Office of Special Counsel; thus there is no basis to treat
     this matter as an individual right of action (IRA) appeal. See Colbert v. Department of
     Veterans Affairs, 121 M.S.P.R. 677, ¶ 12 (2014) (stating that if an appellant can prove
     by preponderant evidence that her resignation was invo luntary, the Board may have
     IRA jurisdiction over the resignation as a personnel action under 5 U.S.C.
     § 2302(a)(2)(A)).
     5
       For example, the appellant seeks to submit an April 28, 2014 sworn declaration from a
     former coworker, a number of documents from 2011 and 2012 regarding her former
     subordinate’s conduct and performance issues, a 2011 step 2 grievance response, and a
     2012 agency employee directory. PFR File, Tab 4, Exhibits 1-2, 5, 12.
                                                                                            5

     from home, and the agency improperly failed to provide her with appeal rights
     with respect to these actions.       See PFR File, Tab 4 at 10-11, 17-19.            The
     appellant, who was represented by counsel below, failed to object to the
     administrative judge’s order and summary of telephonic prehearing conference
     which specifically indicated that, “the following are the material issues to be
     decided in this appeal, to the exclusion of all other issues:          (1) whether the
     appellant can prove that she lacked a meaningful choice when she retired; and
     (2) whether the appellant can prove that it was the agency’s wrongful actions that
     deprived the employee of that choice.” IAF, Tab 18 at 3. Notwithstanding the
     administrative judge’s notice to the parties that, “[a]ny objections, corrections or
     additions to this Order must be stated on the record at the commencement of the
     hearing,” id. at 5, the appellant failed to raise these issues. As such, we will not
     address them further. 6

     The administrative judge properly found that the appellant’s retirement was
     voluntary.
¶8         The appellant primarily argues on review that the administrative judge erred
     in finding that her retirement was not involuntarily coerced through a series of
     detail extensions and a permanent reassignment. PFR File, Tab 4 at 10-11. An
     employee-initiated action, such as a retirement or resignation, is presumed to be
     voluntary and thus outside the Board’s jurisdiction.         Vitale v. Department of

     6
       An employee is deemed to have suffered a constructive demotion only where she is
     assigned from a position which, due to issuance of a new classification standard or
     correction of a classification error, was worth a higher grade; the employee met the
     legal and qualification requirements for promotion to the higher grade; and she was
     permanently assigned to a position classified at a grade level lower than the grade level
     to which she would otherwise have been promoted. Solamon v. Department of
     Commerce, 119 M.S.P.R. 1, ¶ 15 (2012); Russell v. Department of the Navy, 6 M.S.P.R.
     698, 711 (1981). Those facts are not present here. A suspension involves the
     placement of an employee in a nonduty nonpay status. 5 U.S.C. § 7511(a)(2), 7501(2);
     see McHenry v. U.S. Postal Service, 121 M.S.P.R. 80, ¶ 5 (2014). There is no
     suggestion that the agency placed the appellant in a nonpay status, and thus there is no
     basis for a suspension claim, constructive or otherwise.
                                                                                      6

      Veterans Affairs, 107 M.S.P.R. 501, ¶ 17 (2007).      An involuntary retirement,
      however, is equivalent to a forced removal and therefore is within the Board’s
      jurisdiction. Garcia v. Department of Homeland Security, 437 F.3d 1322, 1328
      (Fed. Cir. 2006) (en banc).   An appellant who claims that her retirement was
      involuntary may rebut the presumption of voluntariness in a variety of ways, for
      example, by showing that it was the result of misinformation or deception by the
      agency, or the unjustified threat of an adverse action. SanSoucie v. Department
      of Agriculture, 116 M.S.P.R. 149, ¶ 14 (2011). In addition, intolerable working
      conditions may render an action involuntary when, under the totality of the
      circumstances, the working conditions were made so difficult by the agency that a
      reasonable person in the employee’s position would have felt compelled to retire.
      Wright v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 85 M.S.P.R. 358, ¶ 25 (2000). The
      application of the totality of the circumstances test must be gauged by an
      objective standard rather than by the employee’s purely subjective evaluation.
      Shoaf v. Department of Agriculture, 260 F.3d 1336, 1341-42 (Fed. Cir. 2001).
¶9         As the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has observed, “[t]he
      doctrine of coercive involuntariness is a narrow one, requiring that the employee
      satisfy a demanding legal standard.” Conforto v. Merit Systems Protection Board,
      713 F.3d 1111, 1121 (Fed. Cir. 2013). “An employee’s dissatisfaction with the
      options that an agency has made available to him is not sufficient to render his
      decision to resign or retire involuntary.” Id. Thus, “coerced involuntariness does
      not apply if the employee resigns or retires because he does not like agency
      decisions such as a new assignment, a transfer, or other measures that the agency
      is authorized to adopt, even if those measures make continuation in the job so
      unpleasant . . . that he feels he has no realistic option but to leave.”    Id. at
      1121-22.
¶10        We are not persuaded that the appellant’s detail, taken in response to her
      expressed concern for her safety in the office, rendered her working conditions
      intolerable or was not based on legitimate reasons. As the Board has recognized,
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      dissatisfaction with work assignments or difficult or unpleasant working
      conditions such as the appellant has alleged here are generally not so intolerable
      as to compel a reasonable person to resign or retire. Miller v. Department of
      Defense, 85 M.S.P.R. 310, 322 (2000); see Schultz v. U.S. Navy, 810 F.2d 1133,
      1136 (Fed. Cir. 1987) (that appellant may have been confronted with an
      unpleasant choice between facing an adverse action and resigning does not
      suggest his resignation was the result of duress or coercion or otherwise
      involuntary).
¶11         Moreover, to the extent the appellant argues that the agency coerced her
      into retiring by permanently reassigning her, we note that the appellant was never
      permanently reassigned.          Rather, she was temporarily detailed to a program
      analyst position, and, while she may have been informed that her temporary detail
      would become a permanent reassignment at some point, at the time she retired,
      her position of record was still Supervisory Associate Advocate. IAF, Tab 12,
      subtab 4f, Tab 14 at 11; Hearing CD, Track 1 at 2:00 (testimony of the appellant).
      Further, we note that the appellant testified that she requested retirement on
      December 2, 2012, prior to being informed on December 12, 2012, that she would
      be permanently reassigned to the position to which she had been detailed.
      Hearing CD, Track 1 at 1:00, 2:01 (testimony of the appellant).                That the
      appellant chose to retire rather than wait until any permanent reassignment was
      effected   did    not   render    her   retirement   involuntary.    Accordingly,    the
      administrative judge properly dismissed the appellant’s appeal for lack of
      jurisdiction. 7

      7
        Regarding the appellant’s discrim ination and reprisal claims, the administrative judge
      properly considered them only insofar as those allegations related to the issue of
      voluntariness and not to whether they would establish discrimination or reprisal as an
      affirmative defense. ID at 9; Brown v. U.S. Postal Service, 115 M.S.P.R. 609, ¶ 10,
      aff’d, 469 F. App’x 852 (Fed. Cir. 2011); Vitale, 107 M.S.P.R. 501, ¶ 20. The
      appellant’s arguments on review regard ing discrimination and reprisal do not show
      error in the administrative judge’s well-reasoned decision. PFR File, Tab 4 at 24-26;
      see Crosby v. U.S. Postal Service, 74 M.S.P.R. 98, 106 (1997) (finding no reason to
                                                                                         8

¶12         The appellant further asserts on review that, in finding that her retirement
      was voluntary, the administrative judge did not consider all of the evidence but
      rather improperly relied solely on the appellant’s out-of-office email on the day
      she retired.   PFR File, Tab 4 at 11-12.        Specifically, she alleges that the
      administrative judge failed to consider her medical condition and the fact that
      beginning in April 2012, she began seeing a mental health professional for severe
      depression and suicidal tendencies. PFR File, Tab 4 at 23. We disagree with this
      argument.
¶13         It is well-settled that an administrative judge’s failure to mention all of the
      evidence of record does not mean that she did not consider it in reaching her
      decision. Marques v. Department of Health & Human Services, 22 M.S.P.R. 129,
      132 (1984), aff’d, 776 F.2d 1062 (Fed. Cir. 1985) (Table). Moreover, we find
      that the initial decision reflects that the administrative judge considered the
      appellant’s testimony regarding the various reasons why she felt compelled to
      retire and properly found that they would not have caused a reasonable person to
      retire.
¶14         The appellant also contends on review that the administrative judge failed
      to make appropriate credibility determinations and cites testimony by agency
      witnesses, including her first- and second-level supervisors and an equal
      employment opportunity official, which she contends shows that they poorly
      handled the situation with her and her subordinate employee, were biased against
      her, and sided instead with her subordinate employee. PFR File, Tab 4 at 1-10.
      The appellant does not, however, contest any specific factual findings made by
      the administrative judge. Having considered the appellant’s arguments, we find
      that they are insufficient to disturb the administrative judge’s well-reasoned

      disturb the administrative judge’s findings where the administrative judge considered
      the evidence as a whole, drew appropriate inferences, and made reasoned conclusions);
      see also Broughton v. Department of Health & Human Services, 33 M.S.P.R. 357, 359
      (1987) (same).
                                                                                                  9

      initial decision. See Crosby, 74 M.S.P.R. at 106; see also Broughton, 33 M.S.P.R.
      at 359.

      We discern no error with the administrative judge’s decision to exclude certain
      witnesses.
¶15           Lastly, the appellant asserts that the administrative judge abused her
      discretion in denying her requested witnesses including D.M., N.O., Y.I., W.C.,
      S.G., D.F., and M.B. 8 PFR File, Tab 4 at 12-13. Based on the record below, the
      appellant did not identify N.O. as a requested witness in her prehearing
      submission.       IAF, Tab 15 at 4-6.          The administrative judge denied S.G.’s
      testimony as not relevant and approved D.F., M.B., D.M., Y.I., and W.C. as
      rebuttal witnesses only. IAF, Tab 18 at 4. The appellant did not object to these
      rulings at the commencement of the hearing as instructed in the order and
      summary of prehearing conference.             IAF, Tab 18 at 5; Hearing CD, Track 1.
      Because the appellant did not object to the administrative judge’s witness rulings
      during the proceedings below, she is precluded from doing so on review. See,
      e.g., Sanders v. Social Security Administration, 114 M.S.P.R. 487, ¶ 9 (2010).
      Further, an administrative judge has wide discretion under 5 C.F.R. § 1201.41(b)
      (8), (10) to exclude witnesses where it has not been shown that their testimony
      would be relevant, material, and nonrepetitious.            Hooper v. Department of the
      Interior, 120 M.S.P.R. 658, ¶ 20 (2014); Franco v. U.S. Postal Service,
      27 M.S.P.R. 322, 325 (1985).               Accordingly, we discern no error in the
      administrative judge’s decision to exclude or limit certain witnesses’ testimony.

                          NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                             YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS
              You have the right to request review of this final decision by the United
      States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. You must submit your request to
      the court at the following address:

      8
          We have identified these witnesses by their initials instead of by their fu ll names.
                                                                                 10

                          United States Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, DC 20439

     The court must receive your request for review no later than 60 calendar
days after the date of this order. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A) (as rev. eff. Dec.
27, 2012). If you choose to file, be very careful to file on time. The court has
held that normally it does not have the authority to waive this statutory deadline
and that filings that do not comply with the deadline must be dismissed. See
Pinat v. Office of Personnel Management, 931 F.2d 1544 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
     If you need further information about your right to appeal this decision to
court, you should refer to the federal law that gives you this right. It is found in
Title 5 of the United States Code, section 7703 (5 U.S.C. § 7703) (as rev. eff.
Dec. 27, 2012). You may read this law as well as other sections of the United
States   Code,    at   our   website,   http://www.mspb.gov/appeals/uscode.htm.
Additional information is available at the court's website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov.
Of particular relevance is the court's "Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and
Appellants," which is contained within the court's Rules of Practice, and Forms 5,
6, and 11.
     If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for your court
appeal, you may visit our website at http://www.mspb.gov/probono for a list of
attorneys who have expressed interest in providing pro bono representation for
Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the court. The Merit Systems
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Protection Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor
warrants that any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

FOR THE BOARD:                            ______________________________
                                          William D. Spencer
                                          Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.