Court Opinion

ID: 4519986
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-03-27 00:16:49.089954+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:17.520326
License: Public Domain

NO. 12-19-00036-CV

                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                 TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT

                                         TYLER, TEXAS

 CITY OF DALLAS, A SELF-INSURED                        §       APPEAL FROM THE 173RD
 EMPLOYER,
 APPELLANT
                                                       §       DISTRICT COURT
 V.

 GREGORY D. THOMPSON,                                  §       HENDERSON COUNTY, TEXAS
 APPELLEE

                                                 OPINION
       City of Dallas, a self-insured employer, brings this permissive interlocutory appeal 1 from
the trial court’s partial summary judgment rendered in Dallas’s suit for judicial review of a final
decision and order of the Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers’ Compensation
(DWC). The trial court determined that Dallas is not relieved from liability for past employee
Gregory D. Thompson’s workers’ compensation claim. In two issues, Dallas contends the trial
court erred in granting Thompson’s cross-motion for summary judgment and denying Dallas’s
motion for summary judgment. We affirm.

                                              BACKGROUND
       Thompson was employed by Dallas as a firefighter. On August 18, 2010, Thompson
reported to Dallas that he received a confirmed diagnosis of testicular cancer. He reported that the
cause of his injury was exposure to carcinogens during his career as a firefighter. The date of
injury is listed as July 31, 2010. Dallas filed its “PLN-1,” or plain language notification, with
DWC on August 19, 2010, denying compensability and liability and refusing to pay benefits.

       1
           See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(d) (West Supp. 2019).
“Employer’s First Report of Injury or Illness,” dated August 18, 2010, was filed with DWC on
August 20, 2010.
        Administrative review of the case by DWC proceeded pursuant to requirements of the
Texas Workers’ Compensation Act. On April 4, 2016, Thompson requested a benefit review
conference (BRC) disputing the denial of the compensability of the claim and disability. The BRC
was held August 17, 2016, after which four issues remained unresolved. A two-day contested case
hearing (CCH) began in October and was completed in December 2016. The Administrative Law
Judge (ALJ) determined that Dallas’s August 19, 2010 PLN-1 was sufficient to contest
compensability of the claimed injury.             Further, he determined that Thompson sustained a
compensable injury in the form of an occupational disease with a date of injury of July 31, 2010.
Finally, the ALJ determined that, although Thompson did not file a claim for compensation within
one year of the injury as required by the Texas Labor Code, and did not have good cause for failing
to do so, Dallas waived this defense because it did not raise the defense within a reasonable time
period after it became available. After a review by a DWC appeals panel, the ALJ’s decision and
order became final.
        Thereafter, Dallas sought judicial review of the DWC ruling, disputing certain findings of
fact and conclusions of law. Further, Dallas alleged that the ALJ committed reversible error by
erroneously raising the issue of whether Dallas waived the defense of Thompson’s failure to timely
file his claim. Alternatively, Dallas asserted that it raised the defense of Thompson’s failure to
timely file his claim for compensation within a reasonable period of time after it became available.
        Thompson filed a counterclaim complaining of the ALJ’s determination that the PLN-1
was sufficient to contest compensability and that Thompson did not file a claim with the DWC
within one year of the injury, and asserting that if he did not file within one year, good cause
existed for not doing so. Thompson also requested Dallas pay his attorney’s fees. 2
        Dallas filed a motion for summary judgment based on the affirmative defense that
Thompson failed, without good cause, to file a claim for compensation with DWC within one year

          2
            The trial court granted Dallas’s plea to the jurisdiction as to Thompson’s Section 408.221(c) claim for
attorney’s fees on the basis of governmental immunity. Thompson appealed that ruling and this court affirmed the
trial court’s order. See City of Dallas v. Thompson, No. 12-19-00032-CV, 2019 WL 2710247, at *2 (Tex. App.−Tyler
June 28, 2019, no pet.) (mem. op.).

                                                        2
of the injury. Dallas argued that it did not waive the defense and the ALJ erroneously added the
waiver issue.
       Thompson filed a cross-motion for summary judgment asserting that the evidence
demonstrates as a matter of law that Dallas waived its affirmative defense that Thompson did not
file his claim within one year of the injury, Dallas waived its right to contest compensability and
disability, and Thompson is entitled to final summary judgment.
       In a partial judgment, the trial court denied Dallas’s motion for summary judgment and
granted Thompson’s cross-motion for summary judgment. The court ordered that Dallas is not
relieved from liability because of Thompson’s failure to file a claim within one year of injury, that
Dallas waived the defense of Thompson’s failure to timely file a claim because Dallas did not raise
the defense within a reasonable period of time after it became available, and affirmed DWC’s
determinations of the one-year claim defense and carrier waiver issues in favor of Thompson. The
court found that the one-year defense and its waiver are controlling questions of law as to which
there is a substantial ground for difference of opinion, granted permission to appeal the partial
judgment, and ordered a stay of the proceedings pending appeal. 3 The partial judgment states that
matters related to the compensability of the injury, disability issues, and Thompson’s district court
attorney’s fees remain undecided and pending in the trial court. This proceeding followed.

                                          SUMMARY JUDGMENT
       In its second issue, Dallas asserts the trial court erred in denying Dallas’s motion for
summary judgment and granting Thompson’s cross-motion for summary judgment because Dallas
did not waive its one-year defense. Dallas argues that the waiver issue was not identified at the
BRC as an issue raised but not resolved, and the ALJ erroneously added the waiver issue at the
CCH. Dallas contends the statutory requisites dictating when an unidentified issue may be raised
at the CCH, if the parties consent or the ALJ determines that good cause existed for not raising the
issue at the conference, were not met here. Dallas contends the waiver issue was not tried by
consent and, no statute or rule requires Dallas to raise the defense “within a reasonable period of
time after it became available” as found by the ALJ.

       3
           See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(d).

                                                      3
Standard of Review
       We review the trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment de novo. Tex. Mun.
Power Agency v. Pub. Util. Comm’n, 253 S.W.3d 184, 192 (Tex. 2007). A party moving for
traditional summary judgment bears the burden of showing that no genuine issue of material fact
exists and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). Once the
movant has established a right to summary judgment, the nonmovant has the burden to respond to
the motion and disprove or raise an issue of fact that would preclude summary judgment.
Amedisys, Inc. v. Kingwood Home Health Care, LLC, 437 S.W.3d 507, 511 (Tex. 2014).
       To determine if there is a fact issue, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to
the party against whom the summary judgment was rendered, crediting evidence favorable to that
party if reasonable jurors could do so and disregarding contrary evidence and inferences unless
reasonable jurors could not. Mann Frankfort Stein & Lipp Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding, 289 S.W.3d
844, 848 (Tex. 2009). The evidence raises a genuine issue of fact when the evidence rises to a
level that would enable reasonable and fair minded jurors to differ in their conclusions in light of
all the summary judgment evidence. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Mayes, 236 S.W.3d 754,
755 (Tex. 2007) (per curiam).
       When both parties move for summary judgment and the trial court grants one motion and
denies the other, the appellate court should review both parties’ summary judgment evidence and
determine all questions presented. Tex. Mun. Power Agency, 253 S.W.3d at 192. The reviewing
court should render the judgment that the trial court should have rendered. Id.
Applicable Law
       The Texas Workers’ Compensation Act provides exclusive compensation benefits for the
work-related injuries of a subscribing employer’s employees. TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 408.001(a)
(West 2006). At the administrative level, disputed claims for benefits proceed through a three-
step process: a benefit review conference, a contested case hearing, and an administrative appeal.
Id. §§ 410.021-.034, 410.151-.169, 410.201-.209 (West 2006 & Supp. 2019); Morales v. Liberty
Mut. Ins. Co., 241 S.W.3d 514, 516 (Tex. 2007). After administrative remedies are complete, an
aggrieved party may seek judicial review. TEX. LABOR CODE ANN. §§ 410.251-.308.
       An employee must notify his employer of an injury that is an occupational disease not later
than the thirtieth day after the date the employee knew or should have known that the injury may
be related to his employment. Id. § 409.001(a). The employee is also required to file a claim for

                                                 4
compensation with DWC, within one year after the date he knew or should have known his injury
is an occupational disease related to his employment. Id. § 409.003. The one-year period for
filing begins to run when the employer files its first report of injury with DWC. Id. § 409.008.
The failure to file a claim for compensation with DWC relieves the employer of liability unless
good cause exists for failure to file a claim in a timely manner, or the employer or its insurance
carrier does not contest the claim. Id. § 409.004.
       Waiver may be asserted as an affirmative defense against a party who intentionally
relinquishes a known right or engages in intentional conduct inconsistent with claiming that right.
Trelltex, Inc. v. Intecx, L.L.C., 494 S.W.3d 781, 790 (Tex. App.−Houston [14th Dist.] 2016, no
pet.). Silence or inaction, for so long a period as to show an intention to yield the known right, is
enough to prove waiver. Id. To waive a right impliedly, by acting inconsistently with it or by not
acting at all, the right must be assertable at the time the right is waived. Segal v. Emmes Capital,
L.L.C., 155 S.W.3d 267, 281 (Tex. App.−Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, pet. dism’d) (op. on reh’g).
Analysis

       As required by statute, the benefit review officer identified the issues not resolved at the
BRC. See TEX. LABOR CODE ANN. § 410.031. Citing Section 409.004, the officer named as an
issue the question of whether Dallas is relieved from liability because of Thompson’s failure to
file a claim within one year of the injury. However, whether Dallas waived its right to claim that
defense is not named as an issue remaining to be resolved.
       Section 410.151(b) provides, in part, that an issue not raised at the BRC may not be
considered at a CCH unless the parties consent or if the ALJ determines that good cause existed
for not raising the issue at the BRC. Id. § 410.151(b). The ALJ added the issue at the CCH, stating
that the issue was actually litigated. Dallas asserts that it objected to trying the waiver issue, and
the ALJ erroneously added the issue. Thompson asserts the ALJ correctly considered the carrier
waiver issue.
       The summary judgment evidence includes the transcript of the two hearings before the
ALJ. Thompson was the only witness, and he did not make any comment that can be construed
as having anything to do with whether Dallas waived its complaint that he did not timely file a
claim. At the first hearing, Thompson offered thirty-three exhibits, Dallas offered thirteen exhibits,

                                                  5
and the ALJ presented four exhibits.4 None of the parties’ exhibits were identified. The ALJ stated
that he was including as evidence the benefit review officer’s report, a “required information
form,” “a list of things that’s been filed in the case,” and a “screenshot from the first sequence in
the DRCD,” which is dispute resolution contact data. No evidence was offered at the second
hearing. The exhibits admitted in the first hearing are not included in the appellate record.
         Dallas’s motion for summary judgment makes no mention of the CCH exhibits.
Thompson, in his cross-motion for summary judgment, identified five of his summary judgment
exhibits as having been admitted at the CCH. Assuming Dallas provided a complete CCH record
in the trial court, in the absence of the CCH exhibits in the appellate record, we cannot say that the
waiver issue was not tried by consent. If pertinent summary judgment evidence considered by the
trial court is not included in the appellate record, we must presume that the omitted evidence
supports the trial court’s judgment. Enter. Leasing Co. v. Barrios, 156 S.W.3d 547, 550 (Tex.
2004) (per curiam). Likewise, assuming Dallas provided to the trial court only the portion of the
CCH record contained in the appellate record, it could not have met its burden to prove as a matter
of law that the ALJ erroneously found the waiver issue was tried by consent. We acknowledge
that Dallas objected when, in argument, counsel for Thompson attempted to present the issue to
the ALJ. Argument is not evidence, and the presence of the objection does not meet or extinguish
Dallas’s burden to prove the issue was not tried by consent. See Grant v. Espiritu, 470 S.W.3d
198, 203 (Tex. App.−El Paso 2015, no pet.). Accordingly, we conclude that Dallas did not meet
its burden to show as a matter of law that the ALJ erroneously added the waiver issue.
         Next, Dallas contends the issue of whether Dallas waived its defense that Thompson failed
to timely file his claim “has no basis in law.” The ALJ determined that Dallas waived its defense
because it was not raised within a reasonable period of time after it became available. Dallas
argues that no statute or rule provides for application of this standard, and the ALJ’s creation of a
time period to establish waiver of an affirmative defense is arbitrary and capricious and must be
stricken. We disagree.
         There is no statute or rule that explicitly identifies the point at which an employer or carrier
loses its right to assert the affirmative defense of a claimant’s failure to file his claim in one year
from the date of the injury. Thompson does not try to defend the ALJ’s “within a reasonable period

         4
           The transcript of the hearing reflects that the ALJ presented four exhibits while the ALJ’s decision states
that he presented two exhibits.

                                                          6
of time after it became available” language. Instead, Thompson asserts that the “one year to file a
claim” dispute concerns payment of benefits and is therefore a compensability dispute that must
be raised in a timely PLN-1, and since Dallas did not do that, the defense is waived. Apparently,
he relies on Section 409.021(c) which states that if the carrier does not contest compensability of
an injury before the sixtieth day after it is notified of the injury, it waives the right to contest
compensability. See TEX. LABOR CODE ANN. § 409.021(c) (West Supp. 2019). Further, Thompson
apparently relies on Section 409.022 which states that the grounds for refusal specified in the
carrier’s notice of refusal to pay benefits constitute the only basis for the carrier’s defense on the
issue of compensability, unless the defense is based on newly discovered evidence. See id.
409.022(b). Dallas’s notice of refusal, filed within sixty days after Thompson notified it of his
injury, did not name the one-year defense. Also citing Section 409.021(c), Dallas responds that
the one-year defense is not a denial based on non-compensability or lack of coverage; it is an
assertion of “relief of liability.” We decline to address the question of whether the one-year
defense is an issue of compensability.
       In accordance with the Code Construction Act, we defer to the Workers’ Compensation
Commission’s interpretation of its own rules, as long as its interpretation is reasonable. Rodriguez
v. Serv. Lloyds Ins. Co., 997 S.W.2d 248, 257 (Tex. 1999) (Phillips, J., concurring); Tex. Mut.
Ins. Co. v. Vista Cmty. Med. Ctr., 275 S.W.3d 538, 548 (Tex. App.−Austin 2008, pet. denied). It
is undisputed that the timely filing requirement of Section 409.003 can be waived. See Appeal
No. 060631-s, 2006 WL 1593919, at *3 (Tex. Work. Comp. Com. May 30, 2006).                        We
acknowledge that some appeals panel decisions have involved the question of whether the carrier
waived its one-year defense and cited Sections 409.021 and 409.022. It is not clear that those
decisions support Thompson’s argument, and we decline to decipher their meaning or discuss their
applicability. See Appeal No. 94781, 1994 WL 445766, at *3 (Tex. Work. Comp. Com. Aug. 3,
1994) (stating that failure to contest compensability within sixty days does not control the question
of contesting the time of filing a claim). Under the facts of this case, it is not reasonable to apply
Sections 409.021 and 409.022 here. To do so would require Dallas to name the one-year defense
as a ground for refusing to pay benefits in the notice that it filed with DWC on August 20, 2010,
one year before the defense became available. See Segal, 155 S.W.3d at 281 (held that to waive a
right impliedly, the right must be assertable at the time the right is waived). Further, there is
authority for rejecting Thompson’s assertion that the defense must be included in the carrier’s

                                                  7
PLN-1. See Appeal No. 081065-s, 2008 WL 4371946, at *3 (Tex. Work. Comp. Com. Sept. 22,
2008) (Appeals panel affirmed, without discussion, ALJ determination that self-insured did not
waive its right to contest compensability of the claimed injury by not specifically stating in the
PLN-1 that its dispute was based upon the claimant’s failure to timely file a claim for compensation
within one year in accordance with Sections 409.021 and 409.022).
       Contrary to Dallas’s assertion that the ALJ’s determination was an arbitrary ad hoc ruling,
Workers’ Compensation appeals panels have for years determined that the defense of the
claimant’s failure to file within one year must be raised in a reasonable period of time. See Appeal
No. 090075, 2009 WL 909268, at *4 (Tex. Div. Work. Comp. March 26, 2009); Appeal No.
031719, 2003 WL 22293520, at *2 (Tex. Work. Comp. Com. Aug. 11, 2003); Appeal No. 013100,
2002 WL 34360742, at *2 (Tex. Work. Comp. Com. Feb. 6, 2002).
       Thompson first reported his injury to Dallas on August 18, 2010. Dallas’s first report of
injury was filed with DWC on August 20, 2010. Therefore, the late-filing defense became
available to Dallas on August 20, 2011. See TEX. LABOR CODE ANN. § 409.008. There is no
written document asserting the defense in the record. The ALJ found that Thompson requested a
BRC in April 2016. In briefing, Thompson asserts that he requested the BRC on May 14, 2016.
Dallas’s attorney stated on the record at the CCH that Dallas raised the defense at the BRC, which
was held August 17, 2016. The record does not include an explanation for the five-year delay
between the time the defense became available and when it was asserted. Inaction for a long period
can prove waiver. Trelltex, Inc., 494 S.W.3d at 790.
       Appeals panel decisions have held that matters first disputed at a BRC on grounds that
would have been apparent within a short time after the one-year anniversary of the date of injury
have not been raised within a reasonable amount of time. See 2009 WL 909268, at *4 (affirming
hearing officer’s decision that, where self-insured first raised the complaint that claimant failed to
file claim with DWC before first anniversary of date of decedent’s death at a BRC, self-insured
did not raise the defense within a reasonable period of time after discovery of facts indicating that
defense, and waived its right to that defense; striking that portion of hearing officer’s decision that
the self-insured waived its right to dispute claim in accordance with Sections 409.021 and
409.022); 2003 WL 22293520, at *2 (where notice of injury and carrier’s refusal were filed before
one year anniversary of date of injury, and claim was untimely when filed, complaint of

                                                  8
untimeliness made four months after claim was filed, at BRC, was not made within a reasonable
time).
         The record supports the ALJ’s determination that Dallas did not raise its defense regarding
Thompson’s failure to file a claim within one year of his injury within a reasonable amount of time
after it became available. Therefore, Thompson showed as a matter of law that Dallas waived its
one-year defense. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in denying Dallas’s motion for summary
judgment and granting Thompson’s cross-motion for summary judgment. See TEX. R. CIV. P.
166a(c). We overrule Dallas’s second issue. We need not address Dallas’s first issue wherein it
asserts it was relieved of liability because Thompson failed to timely file a claim for compensation
with DWC within one year of the injury. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.

                                                  DISPOSITION
         Having determined that the trial court properly denied Dallas’s motion for summary
judgment and properly granted Thompson’s cross-motion for summary judgment, we affirm the
trial court’s partial summary judgment.

                                                                 BRIAN HOYLE
                                                                    Justice

Opinion delivered March 25, 2020.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Hoyle, J., and Neeley, J.

                                                   (PUBLISH)

                                                          9
                                  COURT OF APPEALS

      TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                                          JUDGMENT

                                          MARCH 25, 2020

                                        NO. 12-19-00036-CV

                   CITY OF DALLAS, A SELF-INSURED EMPLOYER,
                                     Appellant
                                        V.
                            GREGORY D. THOMPSON,
                                     Appellee

                               Appeal from the 173rd District Court
                    of Henderson County, Texas (Tr.Ct.No. CV17-0187-173)

                   THIS CAUSE came to be heard on the appellate record and briefs filed herein,
and same being considered, it is the opinion of this court that there was no error in the judgment.
                   It is therefore ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the judgment of
the court below be in all things affirmed, and that all costs of this appeal are hereby adjudged
against the appellant, CITY OF DALLAS, A SELF-INSURED EMPLOYER, for which
execution may issue, and that this decision be certified to the court below for observance.
                   Brian Hoyle, Justice.
                   Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Hoyle, J., and Neeley, J.