Court Opinion

ID: 4880341
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-08-31 15:31:42.87825+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:11.795377
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                            AUGUST 31, 2021
                                                       In the Office of the Clerk of Court
                                                      WA State Court of Appeals, Division III

          IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                             DIVISION THREE

STATE OF WASHINGTON,                           )      No. 37435-1-III
                                               )
                  Respondent,                  )
                                               )
   v.                                          )      UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                               )
JAVIER CHAVEZ,                                 )
                                               )
                  Appellant.                   )

        PENNELL, C.J. — Javier Chavez was convicted at a bench trial of two felony

violations of a no-contact order. We affirm.

                                         FACTS

        During fall of 2018, a domestic violence no-contact order (NCO) prohibited

“Javier Chavez from contacting or coming within 200 feet of Patricia Reyes.” Clerk’s
No. 37435-1-III
State v. Chavez

Papers (CP) at 15; see Ex. 1 at 2. Mr. Chavez and Ms. Reyes “had been romantically

involved and had multiple children in common.” CP at 15. The NCO listed Ms. Reyes as

residing at an address in Pasco, Washington. A previous NCO had listed Ms. Reyes’s

address as a residence on Jadwin Avenue in Richland, Washington.

       On or around October 25, 2018, Mr. Chavez and Ms. Reyes were both present at

the Jadwin Avenue home. Mr. Chavez knew he was at the same home as Ms. Reyes.

They argued. Mr. Chavez contacted his pastor, and “went to the hospital” after his pastor

arrived at the home. Id. Police responded to the home following Mr. Chavez’s departure.

When the police contacted Ms. Reyes at the house, she lied and said Mr. Chavez had not

been present.

       On November 20, 2018, Mr. Chavez and Ms. Reyes were again together at the

Jadwin Avenue address. Ms. Reyes’s oldest daughter ran over to a neighbor’s home and

complained Ms. Reyes was out of control and in violation of her own restraining order. 1

The police arrived and arrested both Mr. Chavez and Ms. Reyes. Ms. Reyes subsequently

pleaded guilty to violation of a restraining order.

       The State charged Mr. Chavez with two felony violations of the NCO for

the incidents of October 25, 2018, and November 20, 2018. Just before the start of

       1
           Ms. Reyes had been restrained from contacting her oldest daughter.

                                              2
No. 37435-1-III
State v. Chavez

Mr. Chavez’s bench trial, the prosecutor asked the court for permission to “switch tables.”

1 Report of Proceedings (RP) (Dec. 16, 2019) at 4. The prosecutor explained Ms. Reyes

was “[v]ery frightened of [Mr. Chavez]” and the switch would prevent her from sitting

“directly across from him.” Id. Mr. Chavez’s defense attorney objected because the

attorney “would rather not be moving” after having sat at the table “for quite a while

waiting for the State to proceed.” Id. at 4-5. When the attorney did not supply any further

justification to deny the State’s request, the court granted the request. It noted “the setup

for this courtroom is not in the best circumstances with respect to the safety of everyone

. . . because of just how the courtroom is designed.” Id. at 6.

       The State presented testimony from Ms. Reyes and her oldest daughter. According

to both witnesses, Mr. Chavez and Ms. Reyes lived together in the Jadwin Avenue home

during the fall of 2018. Ms. Reyes explained she lied about moving to Pasco because she

did not want the NCO and did not want Mr. Chavez to get in trouble.

       Mr. Chavez’s defense was based on the claim that Ms. Reyes had moved out of

the residence and she was the one responsible for any unauthorized contact. Mr. Chavez

testified that his contact with Ms. Reyes on October 25 and November 20 was inadvertent

and he did his best to avoid contact with Ms. Reyes. During his testimony, Mr. Chavez

stated he was tired of Ms. Reyes coming to the Jadwin Avenue home without permission.

                                              3
No. 37435-1-III
State v. Chavez

He claimed Ms. Reyes was “chasing” him and the situation “wasn’t fair.” RP (Dec. 17,

2019) at 39-40. On cross-examination, Mr. Chavez agreed he felt he was “somewhat”

“the victim” under the circumstances. Id. at 52.

       During summation, the prosecutor focused on contrasting the testimony of Ms.

Reyes and Mr. Chavez. He stated, “I think it’s clear from the demeanor of the witnesses

in this case who has the power in this relationship. Although Mr. Chavez has claimed to

be the victim, you can see that Ms. Reyes was emotionally unstable, that she was hurting,

that she was struggling.” Id. at 58-59. The prosecutor continued, “She never wanted to be

here . . . . She never tried to get [Mr. Chavez] in trouble. And that’s why this situation is

so complex.” Id. at 59. The prosecutor rejected the idea that Mr. Chavez was “a victim of

domestic violence.” Id. The prosecutor later reiterated “the evidence shows that this idea

that Mr. Chavez is a victim is a work of fiction.” Id. at 65.

       In rebuttal closing, the prosecutor further opined,

       I think the Court can look in there and find credibility in [the witnesses’]
       testimony by looking at the different facts and circumstances that surround
       this.
               And I’ll testify to this, Judge, the testimony here in trial by Patti
       Reyes is far more credible than [Mr. Chavez]’s. She admits when she makes
       mistakes. She says, “Yes, I lied. I lied because I loved him. I wanted to stay
       with him.”
               Here’s what [Mr. Chavez] says, “No, I never talked to police. No,
       no. Officer Fancher, no, I don’t know who that is. Well, yeah, I knew they

                                               4
No. 37435-1-III
State v. Chavez

       were after me. Yeah, I fled them, but, you know, I didn’t want to be
       there . . . .”
               He has a tampering with a witness conviction.[2] There are multiple
       reasons to doubt his credibility. All those came out on the stand, your
       Honor.

Id. at 71. Mr. Chavez did not object to the prosecutor’s arguments.

       The trial court made credibility findings regarding Ms. Reyes, her daughter, and

Mr. Chavez. It found Ms. Reyes fully credible, and found her testimony partially

supported by the credible testimony of law enforcement. The court made mixed

credibility findings regarding Ms. Reyes’s daughter and Mr. Chavez. Overall, it

concluded the “most relevant portion” of the daughter’s testimony was credible and Mr.

Chavez “admitted to being within 200 feet of [Ms. Reyes] on both occasions.” CP at 16.

The court determined the State met its burden to show beyond a reasonable doubt that

Mr. Chavez knowingly violated the NCO protecting Ms. Reyes and found him guilty

of two felony violations of the order. 3

       2
          The trial court admitted evidence Mr. Chavez had “a[t] least two prior
convictions for violating protection orders.” CP at 16; see Exs. 3-4 (October 1998
conviction for court order violation); Ex. 5 (four December 2009 convictions for
protection order violations); Ex. 7 (March 2004 conviction for protection order violation).
It also admitted evidence of Mr. Chavez’s 2010 conviction for tampering with a witness.
See Ex. 6.
        3
          The trial court inadvertently referred to the October 25 incident as occurring on
“October 23” and “the 23rd day of September” in its findings and conclusions. CP at 15-
16; see id. at 7.

                                             5
No. 37435-1-III
State v. Chavez

       Mr. Chavez timely appeals.

                                        ANALYSIS

       Mr. Chavez argues his conviction should be reversed based on insufficiency of the

State’s evidence and multiple instances of prosecutorial misconduct. In his opening brief,

Mr. Chavez also alleged the court had imposed an illegal sentence. The sentencing

allegation has since been withdrawn. We therefore limit our review to Mr. Chavez’s two

challenges to his conviction.

Sufficiency of the evidence

       Mr. Chavez argues the State failed to present sufficient evidence to prove he

willfully violated the NCO in October and November 2018. Relying on his version of the

events in question, Mr. Chavez argues he made every effort to comply with the NCO and

did not willfully have contact with Ms. Reyes.

       Mr. Chavez’s analysis misses the mark as it fails to take into account the

applicable standard of proof. We are not triers of fact. When faced with a sufficiency

challenge, this court construes the facts in the light most favorable to the State and

asks whether a reasonable fact finder could have found the elements of the offense

beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Scanlan, 193 Wn.2d 753, 770, 445 P.3d 960 (2019)

                                              6
No. 37435-1-III
State v. Chavez

(quoting State v. Green, 94 Wn.2d 216, 221, 616 P.2d 628 (1980) (plurality opinion)),

cert. denied sub nom. Scanlon v. Washington, 140 S. Ct. 834 (2020).

       Here, the State’s evidence was that Ms. Reyes was living at the Jadwin Avenue

residence along with Mr. Chavez on October 25 and November 20, 2018. Accepting this

evidence as true, Mr. Chavez’s claim of incidental contact fails. Regardless of whether

Mr. Chavez tried to separate himself from Ms. Reyes after the two came into conflict,

the fact of the shared residence means Mr. Chavez could not have been surprised by

Ms. Reyes’s presence. Mr. Chavez’s contact with Ms. Reyes was not incidental. It was

the expected result of Mr. Chavez’s continued willful presence at the Jadwin residence.

The State amply proved its case.

Prosecutorial misconduct

       For the first time on appeal, Mr. Chavez contends the prosecutor committed

several instances of reversible misconduct during trial. Unpreserved claims of misconduct

are generally not fertile grounds for relief on appeal. State v. Hoffman, 116 Wn.2d 51,

93, 804 P.2d 577 (1991). In the bench trial context, the burden is even more onerous, as

we presume a trial judge understands the law and will disregard inadmissible matters.

See State v. Miles, 77 Wn.2d 593, 601, 464 P.2d 723 (1970).

                                             7
No. 37435-1-III
State v. Chavez

       Mr. Chavez’s first claim of misconduct pertains to the prosecutor’s request to have

the parties switch tables during trial. We find no impropriety. The prosecutor had a

tenable basis for making the request and the court had authority to arrange for courtroom

security. See State v. Jackson, 195 Wn.2d 841, 852, 467 P.3d 97 (2020). We note judges

are often privy to information about a defendant’s background that would never be shared

with a jury. For example, a judge may rule on bail decisions, issue a pretrial restraining

order, or set conditions for accommodating incarcerated litigants. Such involvement is

normal. It does not render a judge incapable of impartial adjudication. This case is no

different. The prosecutor did nothing wrong in asking the court to have the parties switch

seats for safety reasons. Mr. Chavez’s misconduct claim fails.

       Second, Mr. Chavez claims the prosecutor engaged in improper vouching when he

stated, “I’ll testify to this, Judge, the testimony here in trial by Patti Reyes is far more

credible than the [Mr. Chavez]’s.” RP (Dec. 17, 2019) at 71. The prosecutor’s use of the

word “testify” was unfortunate; however, we find no misconduct. Reviewed in context, it

is apparent the prosecutor was arguing about Ms. Reyes’s credibility. He was not

personally vouching for Ms. Reyes’s veracity. Given this was a bench trial, there was no

reasonable danger the trial court might have been confused about the nature of the

prosecutor’s comments.

                                                8
No. 37435-1-III
State v. Chavez

       Mr. Chavez’s next claim is that the prosecutor improperly asked Mr. Chavez

about the pendency of unrelated charges involving Ms. Reyes’s daughter. According to

Mr. Chavez, the prosecutor’s question improperly implicated his right to silence under

the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Regardless of the merits of

Mr. Chavez’s claim, we find no prejudice. At trial, the court sustained an objection to the

prosecutor’s question about Mr. Chavez’s conduct. As a result, Mr. Chavez only affirmed

that there was an “allegation” he had assaulted Ms. Reyes’s daughter. RP (Dec. 17, 2019)

at 51. Mr. Chavez was never compelled to testify against himself in an unrelated matter

and no prejudicial information was conveyed to the court. While the prosecutor’s question

about Ms. Reyes’s daughter may not have been relevant, the question and Mr. Chavez’s

brief answer had no bearing on the merits of the case or the trial court’s ultimate verdict.

       Finally, Mr. Chavez argues the prosecutor improperly expressed an opinion on

credibility when the prosecutor argued Mr. Chavez was not a victim of Ms. Reyes’s

domestic violence. We disagree with this assessment. The prosecutor’s comments were

proper argument, aimed at Mr. Chavez’s testimony suggesting he was the victim of

Ms. Reyes’s misconduct. There was no misconduct. 4

       4
         Mr. Chavez also argues his conviction should be reversed based on multiple
instances of prosecutorial misconduct. Because we do not find multiple errors, we reject
this claim.

                                              9
No. 37435-1-III
State v. Chavez

                                    CONCLUSION

       The judgment of conviction is affirmed.

       A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in

the Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to

RCW 2.06.040.

                                          _________________________________
                                          Pennell, C.J.

WE CONCUR:

______________________________
Fearing, J.

______________________________
Staab, J.

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