Court Opinion

ID: 4590337
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:03:26.419312+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:50:27.653737
License: Public Domain

FRANK M. DIXON, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.  LLOYD G. BOWERS, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.Dixon v. CommissionerDocket Nos. 91246, 91247.United States Board of Tax Appeals39 B.T.A. 795; 1939 BTA LEXIS 980; April 19, 1939, Promulgated 1939 BTA LEXIS 980">*980 Held, income representing fees paid to an attorney for personal services in securing by suit and judgment against the United States recovery of moneys under the World War Veterans' Act relating to War Risk insurance, is taxable.  Lloyd G. Bowers, Esq., for the petitioners.  L. W. Creason, Esq., for the respondent.  HILL 39 B.T.A. 795">*795  These proceedings involve deficiencies in income tax for the taxable year ended December 31, 1935, of $209.18 in Docket No. 91246, and $201.50 in Docket No. 91247.  The facts upon which we are asked to redetermine the deficiencies are the same in both proceedings.  The cases are submitted on the pleadings and facts agreed upon by the parties at the hearing.  FINDINGS OF FACT.  During the taxable year petitioners were partners in the business or profession of lawyers at Birmingham, Alabama, under the partnership name of Bowers & Dixon.  During the taxable year the partnership 39 B.T.A. 795">*796  received attorney fees in the amount of $9,443.80 as compensation for representing litigants in suits against the Government under the World War Veterans' Act relative to War Risk insurance.  The partnership also received during the1939 BTA LEXIS 980">*981  taxable year, exclusive of the above amount, gross income in the amount of $14,580.65, against which it charged as business expenses the total amount of $4,918.02.  Petitioners filed, on March 13, 1936, with the collector of internal revenue for the district of Alabama, a partnership return of income for the taxable year on form 1065.  The return of partnership income did not include the amount of $9,443.80 received as fees in the War Risk insurance litigation, but included as its total gross income the amount of $14,580.65, and deductions therefrom as business expenses the total amount of $4,918.02, thus showing a partnership net income of $9,662.63.  The partnership return showed that each of the petitioners was entitled to one-half of the partnership net income as shown by the return, or $4,831.32.  The amount of $9,443.80 representing fees of the partnership in the War Risk insurance litigation was not included in the partnership return for the reason that it was claimed to be exempt from taxation under the World War Veterans' Act of 1924 and amendments thereto.  The fees in question were determined and allowed by the United States District Court in which the War Risk insurance1939 BTA LEXIS 980">*982  suits were tried and the fees were paid direct to petitioners by the United States Treasury out of insurance moneys recovered by litigants in such suits.  Each of the petitioners received one-half of such fees.  Neither of the petitioners in his income tax return for the taxable year returned any part of the income represented by such fees.  The deficiencies herein resulted solely from the addition by respondent to the gross income of the petitioners, respectively, of the sum of $4,721.90 representing the share of each in such fees.  OPINION.  HILL: The sole question presented for determination is whether the income received by petitioners as compensation for services in suits against the Government for the recovery of War Risk insurance under the World War Veterans' Act of 1924 and amendments thereto is exempt from taxation.  If it is so exempt our decision must be for the petitioners.  If it is not exempt the deficiencies must be approved.  Petitioners contend that the income received from the fees in question is exempt from taxation under the provisions of the World War Veterans' Act of 1924 as amended, as set forth in sections 454, 454a, 445, and 551, Title 38, Part V, U. 1939 BTA LEXIS 980">*983  S.C.A.  Section 454 provides in part as follows: The compensation, insurance, and maintenance and support allowance payable under Parts II, III, or IV, respectively, shall not be assignable; * * * and shall be exempt from all taxation.  * * * 39 B.T.A. 795">*797  This section was modified by act of Congress approved August 12, 1935, ch. 510, sec. 3, 49 Stat. 607, and as modified appears as section 454a, supra, which provides in part as follows: Payments of benefits due or to become due shall not be assignable, and such payments made to, or on account of, a beneficiary under any of the laws relating to veterans shall be exempt from taxation, * * * Section 445 provides in part as follows: In the event of disagreement as to claim under a contract of insurance between the bureau and any person or persons claiming thereunder an action on the claim may be brought against the United States either in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia or in the district court of the United States in and for the district in which such persons or any one of them resides, and jurisdiction is conferred upon such courts to hear and determine all such controversies.  * * * Section 551 provides1939 BTA LEXIS 980">*984  in part as follows: Except in the event of legal proceedings under section 445 of this chapter, no claim agent or attorney except * * * shall be recognized in the presentation or adjudication of claims under Parts II, III, and IV, of this chapter, and payment to any attorney or agent for such assistance as may be required in the preparation and execution of the necessary papers in any application to the bureau shall not exceed $10 in any one case: Provided, however, that wherever a judgment or decree shall be rendered in an action brought pursuant to said section 445 of this chapter the court, as a part of its judgment or decree, shall determine and allow reasonable fees for the attorneys of the successful party or parties and apportion same if proper, said fees not to exceed 10 per centum of the amount recovered and to be paid by the bureau out of the payments to be made under the judgment or decree at a rate not exceeding one-tenth of each of such payments until paid.  Any person who shall, directly or indirectly, solicit, contract for, charge, or receive, or who shall attempt to solicit, contract for, charge, or receive, any fee or compensation, except as herein provided, shall1939 BTA LEXIS 980">*985  be guilty of a misdemeanor, and for each and every offense shall be punishable by a fine of not more than $500 or by imprisonment at hard labor for not more than two years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.  Petitioners argue that since attorneys are deprived of the right of fixing the amount of their compensation by contract in War Risk insurance litigation and receive direct from the Government payment of their fees for such services in such amount as the court shall fix, within the statutory limitation, out of tax-exempt moneys recovered under the judgment or decree rendered in such litigation, the income realized from fees is a part of such tax-exempt moneys and is, itself, tax-exempt in the hands of the attorneys.  The respondent contends, on the other hand, that petitioners realized income as compensation for personal service rendered litigants in War Risk insurance and that such income is taxable regardless of the means of payment of such compensation; that the fact that such compensation was paid out of a tax-exempt award to the litigant does not affect the taxable status of the income so received by petitioners.  39 B.T.A. 795">*798  We agree with the contention of respondent. 1939 BTA LEXIS 980">*986  Section 22(a) of the Revenue Act of 1934 provides: (a) GENERAL DEFINITION. - "Gross income" includes gains, profits, and income derived from salaries, wages, or compensation for personal service, of whatever kind and in whatever form paid, or from professions, vocations, trades, businesses * * *.  Such income of petitioners does not come within the exclusions from gross income as provided in section 22:b), nor does it come within the deductions from gross income allowable under section 23 of the act.  It is apparent, therefore, the compensation in question must be included in petitioners' gross income in determining their tax liability.  Sections 454 and 454a, supra, make an award for War Risk insurance exempt from taxation.  Such award is made to the veteran under his contract with the Government.  An attorney who represents the veteran in a suit against the Government.  An attorney who represents not a party to such contract and is not a beneficiary thereunder.  No award for insurance is made to him.  He performs services for which he is compensated in the manner provided under section 551, supra.He accepts the statutory provisions as to the amount and method of his1939 BTA LEXIS 980">*987  compensation when he agrees to render such service.  The Government can not be sued without its consent.  In giving such consent it may impose conditions which must be complied with.  . Petitioners voluntarily accepted employment under the provisions of this statute.  They realized income from the performance of personal service therein even though they were powerless in determining the amount thereof.  That service was paid for by the Government for, and out of moneys belonging to, petitioners' client.  The moneys with which the payment was made was exempt from taxation as against the insured veteran, but as representing income to petitioners for personal service performed it is taxable.  Hitner v. Lederer, 63 Fed.:2d) 877.  Decision will be entered for the respondent.