Court Opinion

ID: 7800222
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-12 16:08:47.287075+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:29:03.169152
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. McLean, 2022-Ohio-2806.]

                              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                 SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                     MONTGOMERY COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO                                    :
                                                  :
         Plaintiff-Appellee                       :   Appellate Case No. 29268
                                                  :
 v.                                               :   Trial Court Case No. 2019-CR-4108/1
                                                  :
 AL MUTAHAN MCLEAN                                :   (Criminal Appeal from
                                                  :   Common Pleas Court)
         Defendant-Appellant                      :
                                                  :

                                             ...........

                                             OPINION

                             Rendered on the 12th day of August, 2022.

                                             ...........

MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by ANDREW T. FRENCH, Atty. Reg. No. 0069384, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, 301
West Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422
      Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

J. DAVID TURNER, Atty. Reg. No. 0017456, 101 Southmoor Circle NW, Kettering, Ohio
45429
      Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

DONOVAN, J.
                                                                                        -2-

      {¶ 1} Al Mutahan McLean appeals from his convictions on his guilty pleas to three

counts of endangering children, one count of rape, one count of murder, and one count

of kidnapping. Because the trial court failed to comply with the notification requirements

in R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(c) in imposing sentence, McLean’s sentence is contrary to law.

The trial court also failed to comply with the Reagan Tokes Act in calculating McLean’s

sentence. We affirm in part and reverse in part, and we remand the matter to the trial

court solely for purposes of resentencing.

      {¶ 2} On December 23, 2019, McLean was indicted as follows: Count 1,

endangering children (parent-serious harm), in violation of R.C. 2919.22(A), a felony of

the third degree; Count 2, endangering children (serious physical harm), in violation of

R.C. 2919.22(B)(1), a felony of the second degree; Count 3, endangering children

(torture-serious harm), in violation of R.C. 2919.22(B)(2), a felony of the second degree;

Count 4, endangering children (corporal punishment), in violation of R.C. 2919.22(B)(3);

Counts 5 and 6, felonious assault (serious harm), in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1),

felonies of the second degree; and Count 7, rape (child under 13) (by force or serious

physical harm), in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b), an unclassified offense. McLean

pled not guilty on January 2, 2020.

      {¶ 3} On March 5, 2020, the court found McLean competent to stand trial after the

parties stipulated to a psychiatric report submitted by the Forensic Psychiatry Center for

Western Ohio.

      {¶ 4} On July 1, 2020, a “B” indictment was issued charging McLean as follows:
                                                                                        -3-

Counts 1-4, murder (proximate result), in violation of R.C. 2903.02(B), unclassified

felonies; Count 5, involuntary manslaughter, in violation of R.C. 2903.04(A), a felony of

the first degree; Count 6, kidnapping, in violation of R.C. 2905.01(A)(3), a felony of the

first degree; Counts 7 and 8, endangering children (parent-serious harm), in violation of

R.C. 2919.22(A), felonies of the third degree. McLean pled not guilty to the additional

charges on July 9, 2020.

      {¶ 5} On August 23, 2021, the trial court overruled a motion to suppress filed by

McLean.

      {¶ 6} McLean entered his pleas on September 8, 2021. At the plea hearing, the

prosecutor explained the parties’ agreement. With respect to the original indictment,

McLean would plead guilty to Counts 1 and 2, endangering children, and to Count 7, rape,

but the State would delete the child under-13 element of the rape.    With respect to the

B indictment, McLean would plead guilty to Count 1, murder, Count 6, kidnapping, and

Count 7, child endangering. All other counts would be dismissed. The sentence would

be 40 to 51 years to life in prison, “in addition to whatever applicable Reagan Tokes time

there is.” The parties agreed that there would be no merger of these offenses and that

the parties could argue and present evidence about where the sentence should fall in the

40-to-51-year range. McLean also agreed to “waive all waivable appeals and post-

conviction proceedings” and to withdraw any pending motions.

      {¶ 7} Defense counsel and McLean acknowledged their understanding of the

agreement as recited by the prosecutor. McLean acknowledged his understanding that

his sentence would between 40 and 51 years to life.
                                                                                           -4-

       {¶ 8} The court then explained the potential sentencing. For the two third-degree

felony counts of child endangering, the sentence would be 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, or 36 months.

The other offenses were all first- and second-degree felonies, which the court noted fell

under the Reagan Tokes Act. The court explained the sentencing for these offenses as

follows:

              First of all, sir, starting with the murder offense which is unclassified,

       potential sentence would be 15 years to a life sentence on that offense. In

       regards to the felonies of the first degree and second degree, do you

       understand that in this scenario of cases that you’re pleading guilty to, that

       more than one of these offenses requires the Court to impose what we call

       an indefinite sentence?      In other words, a minimum sentence and a

       maximum sentence. Do you understand that?

              THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

              THE COURT: * * * And this comes under the Reagan Tokes. So

       what the Court will do is for those felonies of the first and second degree, I

       will select a minimum term from the range of penalties that’s by statute. On

       the felonies of the second degree, I would select either two, three, four, five,

       six, seven, or eight years. And on the felony of the first degree, I would

       select a term of either 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 years.

              Then what I would do at that point in time is decide what the

       maximum penalty should be. And that’s decided by basically a formula. I

       look at what the minimum sentence is I selected. I take half of that number,
                                                                                -5-

add it back on to the minimum sentence for the maximum sentence.

        Give you an example. If I sentence you to the maximum under the

felony of the first degree, that would be 11 years. Half of 11 is 5-1/2. So

I take the 5-1/2, add it back into the 11, which give[s] a maximum of 16-1/2.

So the sentence could be 11 years to 16-1/2, and that is the maximum

sentence on the felonies of the first degree. Do you understand that?

        THE DEFENDANT: Yes, I do, Your Honor.

        THE COURT:      The same thing happens on the felonies of the

second degree. I select a - - minimum range, which is two to eight. Again,

if it was the maximum, it would be eight. And I would take half of 8, which

is 4, add it back to the eight is 12. So the maximum sentence on the

felonies of the second degree would be 8 to 12 years. Do you understand

that?

        THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

        THE COURT: Now, the minimum on the felonies of the second

degree would be two years. And if I add half of that back, it would be three.

So the minimum sentence would be two to three on each of the felonies of

the third degree.

        And on the felonies of the first degree, the minimum would be three.

I would take half of three, which is one-and-a-half. So it would be three to

four-and-a-half.

        That would be the minimum sentences on the felonies of the first
                                                                               -6-

degree and felonies of the second degree. Do you understand that?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

      THE COURT: Now, do you also understand, the Court will have to

decide if these sentences are to run concurrently or consecutively, meaning

together or after each other? Do you understand that?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

      THE COURT: And do you understand that this decision is going to

affect the length of your minimum tern and your maximum terms? Do you

understand that?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

      THE COURT: And under the scenario that I went over with you on

the felonies of the first degree and felonies of the second degree, you

understand the minimum sentences and the maximum sentences on those

offenses, correct?

      THE DEFENDANT: Correct.

      THE COURT: And you understand on the murder offense alone,

that is a sentence of 15 years to life? You understand that?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

      THE COURT: And then on the felonies of the third degree, I went

over that with you, those are what we call definite sentences that I have to

impose or would impose, no minimum, no maximum, but just either 9, 12,

18, 24, 30, or 36 months on the two felonies in the third degree. Do you
                                                                                      -7-

       understand that?

                 THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

                 THE COURT: And again, I could run these together, concurrently,

       or I could run them consecutively. You understand that?

                 THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

       {¶ 9} Consistent with the pronouncements at the plea hearing, McLean’s plea form

for Count 2 of the original indictment (a second-degree felony) listed potential prison

terms of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 years and an indeterminate maximum term of 12 years; his

plea forms for Count 7 of the original indictment and Count 6 of the reindictment (first-

degree felonies) listed prison terms of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 years and maximum

terms of 16.5 years.

       {¶ 10} On September 29, 2021, the court sentenced McLean as follows: a term of

15 years to life on the murder charge; a minimum of 11 years and a maximum term of 16-

1/2 years for kidnapping; for child endangering under the B indictment, 36 months; for

endangering children in the A indictment, Count 1, 36 months, and Count 2, 8-12 years;

and for rape, 11 years to 16½ years. The court also ordered that the sentences be

served consecutively. The aggregate sentence was 51 years to life.

       {¶ 11} The trial court’s judgment entry of conviction imposed the same sentences

except that, on the rape offense, it stated a minimum term of 11 years and a maximum

term of 16 years (rather than 16½).

       {¶ 12} McLean asserts three assignments of error. His first assignment of error

is as follows:
                                                                                       -8-

             THE INDEFINITE PRISON SENTENCES IMPOSED BY THE TRIAL

      COURT ARE CONTRARY TO LAW BECAUSE THE TRIAL COURT

      FAILED TO PROVIDE THE STATUTORILY REQUIRED NOTICES IN R.C.

      2929.19(B)(2)(c).

      {¶ 13} The State concedes that the trial court failed to comply with R.C. 2929.19,

which governs sentencing hearings, and we agree. R.C. 2929.19 provides:

      (2) Subject to division (B)(3) of this section, if the sentencing court

      determines at the sentencing hearing that a prison term is necessary or

      required, the court shall do all of the following:

      ***

      (c) If the prison term is a non-life felony indefinite prison term, notify the

      offender of all of the following:

      (i) That it is rebuttably presumed that the offender will be released from

      service of the sentence on the expiration of the minimum prison term

      imposed as part of the sentence or on the offender's presumptive earned

      early release date, as defined in section 2967.271 of the Revised Code,

      whichever is earlier;

      (ii) That the department of rehabilitation and correction may rebut

      the presumption described in division (B)(2)(c)(i) of this section if, at a

      hearing held under section 2967.271 of the Revised Code, the department

      makes specified determinations regarding the offender's conduct while

      confined, the offender's rehabilitation, the offender's threat to society, the
                                                                                         -9-

      offender's restrictive housing, if any, while confined, and the offender's

      security classification;

      (iii) That if, as described in division (B)(2)(c)(ii) of this section, the

      department at the hearing makes the specified determinations and rebuts

      the presumption, the department may maintain the offender's incarceration

      after the expiration of that minimum term or after that presumptive earned

      early release date for the length of time the department determines to be

      reasonable, subject to the limitation specified in section 2967.271 of the

      Revised Code;

      (iv) That the department may make the specified determinations and

      maintain the offender's incarceration under the provisions described in

      divisions (B)(2)(c)(i) and (ii) of this section more than one time, subject to

      the limitation specified in section 2967.271 of the Revised Code;

      (v) That if the offender has not been released prior to the expiration of the

      offender's maximum prison term imposed as part of the sentence, the

      offender must be released upon the expiration of that term.

(Emphasis added.) See also State v. Thompson, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2020-CA-60, 2021-

Ohio-4027, ¶ 27-31.

      {¶ 14} The trial court failed to make the required indefinite sentencing notifications

at the sentencing hearing.       They also were not included in the judgment entry of

conviction. The court’s failure to comply with R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(c) renders McLean’s

sentence contrary to law. Accordingly, his first assignment of error is sustained.
                                                                                      -10-

      {¶ 15} McLean’s second assignment of error is as follows:

             THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO PROPERLY CALCULATE AND

      INFORM APPELLANT OF HIS MAXIMUM PRISON TERM FOR

      QUALIFYING FELONIES OF THE FIRST OR SECOND DEGREE – FOR

      MULTIPLE SENTENCES AND CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES – AS

      MANDATED BY R.C. 2929.144.

      {¶ 16} McLean asserts that the trial court incorrectly imposed “an additional 50%”

on each qualifying felony of the first or second degree, rather than on only the most

serious felony being sentenced.     The State responds that the trial court properly

sentenced McLean in accordance with the Reagan Tokes Act. The State directs our

attention to State v. Searls, 2022-Ohio-858, 186 N.E.3d 328 (2d Dist.)

      {¶ 17} This Court has summarized the Reagan Tokes Act as follows:

             The Reagan Tokes Law, effective on March 22, 2019, “ ‘significantly

      altered the sentencing structure for many of Ohio's most serious felonies’ by

      implementing an indefinite sentencing system for those non-life felonies of

      the first and second degree, committed on or after the effective date.”

      State v. Polley, 6th Dist. Ottawa No. OT-19-039, 2020-Ohio-3213, ¶ 5, fn.

      1. The Law requires the sentencing judge to impose a “minimum term”

      from within the currently established sentencing range and a “maximum

      term” of an additional fifty percent of the imposed minimum term. See R.C.

      2929.144(B). “Release [from prison] is presumed to occur at the expiration

      of the ‘minimum term,’ however the Department of Rehabilitation and
                                                                                         -11-

        Corrections [DRC] may, under certain circumstances, rebut that release

        presumption and impose additional prison time up to the ‘maximum term.’ ”

        The Ohio Criminal Sentencing Commission, SB 201 Quick Reference

        Guide July 2019. The DRC may also reduce the minimum term, with the

        approval of the sentencing court. Id.

State v. Leamman, 2d Dist. Champaign Nos. 2021-CA-30 and 2021-CA-35, 2022-Ohio-

2057, ¶ 9, quoting State v. Ferguson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28644, 2020-Ohio-4153,

¶ 20.

        {¶ 18} R.C. 2929.144 provides:

               ***

               (B) The court imposing a prison term on an offender under division

        (A)(1)(a) or (2)(a) of section 2929.14 of the Revised Code for a qualifying

        felony of the first or second degree shall determine the maximum prison

        term that is part of the sentence in accordance with the following:

               ***

               (2) If the offender is being sentenced for more than one felony, if one

        or more of the felonies is a qualifying felony of the first or second degree,

        and if the court orders that some or all of the prison terms imposed are to

        be served consecutively, the court shall add all of the minimum terms

        imposed on the offender under division (A)(1)(a) or (2)(a) of section 2929.14

        of the Revised Code for a qualifying felony of the first or second degree that

        are to be served consecutively and all of the definite terms of the felonies
                                                                                 -12-

that are not qualifying felonies of the first or second degree that are to be

served consecutively, and the maximum term shall be equal to the total of

those terms so added by the court plus fifty per cent of the longest minimum

term or definite term for the most serious felony being sentenced.

       (3) If the offender is being sentenced for more than one felony, if one

or more of the felonies is a qualifying felony of the first or second degree,

and if the court orders that all of the prison terms imposed are to run

concurrently, the maximum term shall be equal to the longest of the

minimum terms imposed on the offender under division (A)(1)(a) or (2)(a)

of section 2929.14 of the Revised Code for a qualifying felony of the first or

second degree for which the sentence is being imposed plus fifty per cent

of the longest minimum term for the most serious qualifying felony being

sentenced.

       ***

       (C) The court imposing a prison term on an offender pursuant to

division (A)(1)(a) or (2)(a) of section 2929.14 of the Revised Code for a

qualifying felony of the first degree shall sentence the offender, as part of

the sentence, to the maximum prison term determined under division (B) of

this section. The court shall impose this maximum term at sentencing as

part of the sentence it imposes under section 2929.14 of the Revised Code,

and shall state the minimum term it imposes under division (A)(1)(a) or

(2)(a) of that section, and this maximum term, in the sentencing entry.
                                                                                          -13-

      {¶ 19} In Searls, 2022-Ohio-858, 186 N.E.3d 328, we noted that “only one

maximum term is calculated under R.C. 2929.14.” Id. at ¶ 22. We held:

             First and second-degree felonies committed after March 22, 2019,

      which do not already carry a life-tail, fall under the umbrella of the Reagan

      Tokes Act. R.C. 2967.271; State v. Ross, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28875,

      2021-Ohio-1337, ¶ 7.      When a prison sentence is imposed on such a

      “qualifying felony,” the statute requires the trial court to impose an indefinite

      prison term with a stated minimum term and a calculated maximum term.

      R.C. 2929.14(A)(1)(a); R.C. 2929.14(A)(2)(a); R.C. 2929.144.

             ***

             A trial court may consider whether multiple sentences should be

      served concurrently or consecutively only after the court has “consider[ed]

      each offense individually and impose[d] a separate sentence for each

      offense.” * * *

             Consistent with this approach, when imposing a prison sentence

      under the Reagan Tokes Act, the trial court first must select, for each

      offense, a stated minimum term from the appropriate statutory range for

      either a first- or second-degree felony, unless a specific penalty applies.

      R.C. 2929.14(A)(1)(a); R.C. 2929.14(A)(2)(a). For felonies that do not fall

      within the Reagan Tokes Act, the trial court imposes a definite prison term

      from the appropriate statutory range. Next, after determining whether to

      impose concurrent or consecutive sentences, the trial court must calculate
                                                                                        -14-

       the maximum term using the methodology provided in R.C. 2929.144(B).

               ***

               The trial court is required to sentence the offender, as part of the

       court's sentence under R.C. 2929.14, to the calculated maximum prison

       term.    R.C. 2929.144(C).      Both the stated minimum term and the

       calculated maximum term must be included in the sentencing entry. Id.

Id. at ¶ 23, 25-26, 28.

       {¶ 20} In Searls, we described the trial court’s imposition of sentence as follows:

               [T]he trial court orally imposed identical sentences for the three

       qualifying counts of pandering obscenity involving a minor, all felonies of

       the second degree. At sentencing, the trial court told Searls: “On Counts

       [38], [41], and [53], all counts subject to the Reagan Tokes Act, I'm going to

       sentence you to a minimum sentence of 8 years and a maximum sentence

       of 12 years on each count to be served concurrently with one another, but

       consecutive to Count I, the gross sexual imposition.”        The court also

       imposed definite sentences of five years for gross sexual imposition, five

       years for the remaining 57 counts of pandering obscenity involving a minor,

       and 18 months for attempted tampering with evidence. The sentences for

       the gross sexual imposition (5 years), the combined 57 counts of pandering

       obscenity (5 years), and the combined 3 counts of pandering obscenity

       (minimum 8 years) were run consecutively to each other. The trial court

       told Searls that his aggregate sentence was 18 to 22 years in prison.
                                                                                          -15-

              In its judgment entry, the trial court imposed a minimum of 8 years

       and a maximum of 12 years in prison on Count 38. As for Counts 41 and

       53, the judgment entry read: “COUNT [41 and 53]: PANDERING

       OBSCENITY INVOLVING MINOR (create, reproduce, publish) (F2)

       (SUBJECT TO REAGAN TOKES ACT): EIGHT (8) YEARS * * *.” The

       counts were ordered to be served concurrently with each other but

       consecutively to the other counts in the indictment. After setting forth the

       sentences for all offenses, the judgment entry stated: “FOR A TOTAL

       SENTENCE OF A MINIMUM OF EIGHTEEN (18) YEARS AND A

       MAXIMUM OF TWENTY-TWO (22) YEARS.”

Id. at ¶ 29-30.

       {¶ 21} On appeal, we held that the trial court’s calculation of the total sentence had

been correct, but with some qualifications as to how it had addressed individual

sentences:

              * * * The sum of the stated minimum terms and the definite terms that

       were being run consecutively was 18 years in prison. Pandering obscenity

       involving a minor was the most serious felony (a felony of the second

       degree), and the longest definite or minimum term for that offense was the

       eight-year sentence imposed on the three counts subject to the Reagan

       Tokes Act. Upon adding fifty percent of that sentence (four years) to the

       18-year aggregate minimum term, the maximum term totaled 22 years in

       prison. The trial court properly indicated that maximum term following its
                                                                              -16-

statement of the individual sentences.

      Nevertheless, we note that the language of the trial court's judgment

entry as to Counts 38, 41, and 53, specifically, does not comport with the

statutory scheme. The sentences for Counts 41 and 53, as written, were

definite sentences. Although the judgment entry indicated that the counts

were subject to the Reagan Tokes Act, nothing in the wording of the

individual sentences indicated that the eight-year terms were the stated

minimum term of an indefinite sentence. As to Count 38, the trial court's

imposition of a maximum term of 12 years for that count was not

appropriate, because only a single maximum term (in this case, 22 years)

is calculated under R.C. 2929.144(B)(3). The inclusion of both a minimum

and a calculated maximum totaling 50 percent of the minimum term for the

individual offense is proper only when one felony prison term is imposed

under the Reagan Tokes Act. See R.C. 2929.144(B)(1).

      In summary, where the trial court is imposing prison sentences on

multiple counts under the Reagan Tokes Act, the trial court's sentence for

each individual count should make clear that the prison term is a stated

minimum sentence, as opposed to a definite sentence.           Where the

maximum term is * * * calculated under R.C. 2929.14(B)(2) or R.C.

2929.14(B)(3), the trial court should not state the maximum term for each

individual offense as if it were calculated under R.C. 2929.144(B)(1).

Rather, the trial court may state the aggregate minimum term and calculated
                                                                                         -17-

       maximum term following all of the individual sentences, as it did here.

               Accordingly, we will remand for the trial court to file an amended

       entry modifying the language of Counts 38, 41, and 53 to clarify that the

       eight-year term for each of those counts is the stated minimum term of an

       indefinite sentence under the Reagan Tokes Act. While no specific

       language is required, the trial court may satisfy this mandate by modifying

       the language in Counts 38, 41, and 53 to read, in part: “PANDERING

       OBSCENITY INVOLVING MINOR (create, reproduce, publish) (F2)

       (SUBJECT TO REAGAN TOKES ACT): AN INDEFINITE PRISON TERM

       WITH A MINIMUM TERM OF EIGHT (8) YEARS * * *.”

Searls at ¶ 31-34.

       {¶ 22} For the qualifying felonies in McLean’s case, the trial court was required to

first choose a stated minimum term from the appropriate statutory range, which it did, and

to select a definite term for the felonies of the third degree, which it also did. The court

imposed minimum terms of eight and eleven years on the qualifying felonies. It imposed

36-month definite sentences upon each of the two felonies of the third degree for a total

of six years. The aggregate minimum term is determined by adding the stated minimum

terms of the qualifying offenses to the definite terms of the third degree felonies (30 + 6

= 36 years).

       {¶ 23} Next, the court was required to determine whether to impose concurrent or

consecutive sentences and then calculate the one maximum term pursuant to pursuant

to R.C. 2929.144(B). The trial court chose to impose consecutive sentences, and it was
                                                                                          -18-

required to then calculate the one maximum term by adding 50 percent of the longest

minimum term of 11 years from one of the qualifying first degree felonies to the aggregate

minimum term (36 + 5 ½ = 41 ½ years). The court’s judgment entry does not reflect the

aggregate minimum term and the maximum term of 41½ years pursuant to Reagan

Tokes. It merely provides that the total sentence imposed is 51 years to life (which

includes the 15 years to life sentence imposed for murder).

       {¶ 24} Because the trial court failed to calculate the aggregate minimum term of

36 years and the one maximum term of 41½ years pursuant to Reagan Tokes, McLean’s

second assignment of error is sustained.

       {¶ 25} McLean’s third assignment of error is as follows:

              APPELLANT DID NOT KNOWINGLY, INTELLIGENTLY, AND

       VOLUNTARILY ENTER HIS GUILTY PLEAS BECAUSE THE TRIAL

       COURT FAILED TO PROPERLY ADVISE HIM OF THE MINIMUM AND

       MAXIMUM TERMS IF ALL COUNTS WERE TO BE IMPOSED

       CONSECUTIVELY.

       {¶ 26} McLean asserts that the trial court “failed to properly advise him of the

minimum and maximum terms if all counts were to be imposed consecutively.”

According to the State, “the only portion of Crim.R. 11 [with] which McLean contends the

trial court failed to comply” was the “non-constitutional requirement” in Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a)

pertaining to the maximum penalty for his offenses. However, the State asserts that the

trial court fully explained the maximum possible sentence for each of the four charges to

which McLean pled guilty and “substantially (if not strictly) complied” with Crim.R.
                                                                                         -19-

11(C)(2)(a).

      {¶ 27} “ ‘Due process requires that a defendant's plea be knowing, intelligent, and

voluntary,’ and compliance with Crim.R. 11(C) ensures the constitutional mandate is

followed.” State v. Somerset, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 29249, 2022-Ohio-2170, ¶ 6,

citing State v. Brown, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28966, 2021-Ohio-2327, ¶ 8.

      {¶ 28} Crim.R. 11 (C) provides:

      (2) In felony cases the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or a plea

      of no contest, and shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest without first

      addressing the defendant personally either in-person or by remote

      contemporaneous video in conformity with Crim.R. 43(A) and doing all of

      the following:

      (a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily, with

      understanding of the nature of the charges and of the maximum penalty

      involved, and if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible for probation or

      for the imposition of community control sanctions at the sentencing hearing.

      (b) Informing the defendant of and determining that the defendant

      understands the effect of the plea of guilty or no contest, and that the court,

      upon acceptance of the plea, may proceed with judgment and sentence.

      (c) Informing the defendant and determining that the defendant understands

      that by the plea the defendant is waiving the rights to jury trial, to confront

      witnesses against him or her, to have compulsory process for obtaining

      witnesses in the defendant's favor, and to require the state to prove the
                                                                                        -20-

      defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial at which the defendant

      cannot be compelled to testify against himself or herself.

      {¶ 29} We have observed:

             Strict compliance with the constitutional advisements is crucial to

      demonstrate that the plea is aligned with due process.         Brown at ¶ 9.

      “When a trial court fails to explain the constitutional rights that a defendant

      waives by pleading guilty or no contest, we presume that the plea was

      entered involuntarily and unknowingly, and no showing of prejudice is

      required.” State v. Massie, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2020-CA-50, 2021-Ohio-

      3376, ¶ 10.

             Conversely, the court must substantially comply with notification of

      the non-constitutional rights contained in Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b), and

      prejudice must be demonstrated to vacate a plea. State v. McElroy, 2d

      Dist. Montgomery No. 28974, 2021-Ohio-4026, ¶17.                “ ‘Substantial

      compliance means that under the totality of the circumstances the

      defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the

      rights he is waiving.’ ” State v. Thomas, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26907,

      2017-Ohio-5501, ¶ 37, quoting State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 108, 564

      N.E.2d 474 (1990).

Somerset at ¶ 8-9.

      {¶ 30} We agree with the State that the requirement that the court determine that

McLean understood the maximum penalty involved did not implicate a constitutional right,
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and that strict compliance with Crim.R. 11 was not required. Pursuant to the analysis

under the Reagan Tokes Act, as set forth above, McLean was subject to a sentence of

36 years to 41½ years. He was also subject to a sentence of 15 years to life for murder,

an unclassified felony. The minimum term of 36 years, plus the minimum term for murder

(36 + 15 years) was 51 years plus the life tail. McLean indicated to the court at the plea

hearing that he understood that his maximum sentence would be between 40 and 51

years to life. Between the original indictment and the reindictment, McLean was charged

with 15 offenses, including four counts of murder. Pursuant to the plea agreement, he

entered pleas to six offenses. The record reflects that McLean was aware that he was

subject to a potential life sentence. Under the totality of the circumstances, prejudice is

not demonstrated, and we conclude that McLean subjectively understood his sentence.

In other words, we conclude that McLean’s pleas were knowingly, intelligently and

voluntarily entered. Accordingly his third assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶ 31} The judgment of the trial court is affirmed in part and reversed in part, and

the matter is remanded solely for purposes of resentencing. On remand, the court is

instructed to provide the required indefinite sentencing notifications and to resentence

McLean so as to properly include both the aggregate minimum term and the calculated

maximum term in its judgment entry of conviction.

                                     .............

WELBAUM, J. and LEWIS, J., concur.

Copies sent to:
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Mathias H. Heck, Jr.
Andrew T. French
J. David Turner
Hon. Dennis J. Adkins