Court Opinion

ID: 4322960
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-10-19 18:09:51.399344+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:45:51.301265
License: Public Domain

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                                      Appellate Court                            Date: 2018.09.25
                                                                                 13:24:46 -05'00'

                  Allstate Indemnity Co. v. Contreras, 2018 IL App (2d) 170964

Appellate Court           ALLSTATE INDEMNITY COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.
Caption                   ALEJANDRA CONTRERAS, ADAN CONTRERAS, JASMINE’S
                          DAY CARE, and JANE DOE, as Mother and Next Friend of Janie
                          Doe and Janet Doe, Minors, Defendants (Jane Doe, as Mother and
                          Next Friend of Janie Doe and Janet Doe, Minors, Defendant-
                          Appellant).

District & No.            Second District
                          Docket No. 2-17-0964

Filed                     July 20, 2018

Decision Under            Appeal from the Circuit Court of Lake County, Nos. 16-L-178,
Review                    17-MR-709; the Hon. Diane E. Winter, Judge, presiding.

Judgment                  Reversed and remanded.

Counsel on                Bridget C. Duignan, of Latherow & Duignan, of Chicago, for
Appeal                    appellant.

                          Dean Haritos, Cynthia Ramirez, and Peter C. Morse, of Morse Bolduc
                          & Dinos, LLC, of Chicago, for appellee.
     Panel                     JUSTICE ZENOFF delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
                               Justices Jorgensen and Schostok concurred in the judgment and
                               opinion.

                                                 OPINION

¶1         Allstate Indemnity Company (Allstate) filed a complaint for declaratory judgment (see
       735 ILCS 5/2-701 (West 2016)) in the circuit court of Lake County against Alejandra
       Contreras, Adan Contreras, Jasmine’s Day Care, and Jane Doe, as mother and next friend of
       Janie Doe and Janet Doe. Allstate claimed that it owes no duty to defend or indemnify
       Jasmine’s Day Care or Alejandra in connection with a lawsuit filed against them by Jane.
       The court granted Allstate’s motion for judgment on the pleadings, agreeing with Allstate
       that an “expected injury” exclusion in the applicable homeowner’s insurance policy
       precludes coverage. Jane appeals. For the reasons that follow, we reverse and remand.

¶2                                          I. BACKGROUND
¶3         Jane filed a two-count complaint in the circuit court of Lake County on behalf of Janie
       and Janet against Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra. That underlying action was docketed in
       the circuit court as No. 16-L-178. Count I of the complaint pertained to Janie’s injuries, and
       count II pertained to Janet’s injuries. Jane alleged as follows. Alejandra owned and operated
       Jasmine’s Day Care, which was a licensed “day care home” in Park City, Illinois. Alejandra
       was responsible for caring for the children who were enrolled in the day care. In September
       2012, Jane enrolled Janie and Janet in Jasmine’s Day Care. On or about December 21, 2012,
       Jane learned that Janie had been repeatedly sexually abused by Alejandra’s spouse, Adan,
       while at the day care.1 Although Adan resided at the address where the day care operated, he
       was not an “assistant” of the day care as defined by section 406.10 of title 89 of the Illinois
       Administrative Code (89 Ill. Adm. Code 406.10 (2016)).2 Upon discovering that Janie had
       been abused, Jane removed both of her daughters from the day care. Shortly thereafter, she
       learned that Janet had also been the victim of sexual abuse by Adan while enrolled at the day
       care.
¶4         According to Jane’s complaint, as the owner and operator of Jasmine’s Day Care,
       Alejandra was obligated to supervise Janie and Janet while they were under her care.
       Alejandra was also obligated to protect the children from “exploitation, neglect, and abuse
       while under her care.” Both counts of the complaint alleged that Jasmine’s Day Care, through
       Alejandra, was negligent in the following ways:
                   “a. Failed to provide adequate supervision while Janie Doe was in her care;
                   b. Allowed her spouse, Adam [sic] Contreras, who was not an assistant, to be
               alone with Janie Doe, in violation of 89 Ill. Adm. Code 406.14(k);

            The complaint erroneously referred to Adan as “Adam.”
             1

            Some of the listed “qualifications for assistants” are that they pass a background check and be
             2

       “free of reportable communicable disease and physical or mental conditions that could interfere with
       child care responsibilities.” 89 Ill. Adm. Code 406.10(a), (e) (2016).

                                                    -2-
                  c. Failed to adequately protect Janie Doe from exploitation, neglect and abuse
              while under her care; and
                  d. Was otherwise careless and negligent.”
     Janie and Janet were allegedly “emotionally and physically injured” as a result of these
     negligent acts and omissions.
¶5        Allstate subsequently filed a two-count complaint for declaratory judgment against
     Alejandra, Adan, Jasmine’s Day Care, and Jane. This action was docketed in the circuit court
     as No. 17-MR-709. Only count I of the complaint for declaratory judgment is relevant to this
     appeal. Allstate alleged that it issued a homeowner’s insurance policy to Alejandra and Adan,
     which was in effect at the time of the misconduct detailed in the complaint in the underlying
     action. The policy contained an endorsement for home-day-care coverage. Coverage X of the
     policy also provided family liability protection as follows:
              “Subject to the terms, conditions and limitations of this policy, Allstate will pay
              damages which an insured person becomes legally obligated to pay because of bodily
              injury or property damage arising from an occurrence to which this policy applies,
              and is covered by this part of the policy.” (Emphases in original.)
     Coverage X contained the following “expected injury” exclusion:
                  “Losses We Do Not Cover Under Coverage X:
                  1. We do not cover any bodily injury or property damage intended by, or which
              may reasonably be expected to result from the intentional or criminal acts or
              omissions of, any insured person. This exclusion applies even if:
                      (a) such bodily injury or property damage is of a different kind or degree than
                  that intended or reasonably expected; or
                      (b) such bodily injury or property damage is sustained by a different person
                  than intended or reasonably expected.
                  This exclusion applies regardless of whether or not such insured person is actually
              charged with, or convicted of a crime.” (Emphases in original.)
¶6        According to Allstate’s complaint for declaratory judgment, the injuries that Janie and
     Janet suffered did not arise out of an accident but were instead the reasonably expected result
     of the repeated sexual abuse by Adan. Citing multiple cases, Allstate alleged that, “[i]n
     Illinois, where an adult is accused of sexually abusing a minor[,] an intent to injure is inferred
     as a matter of law and an insurer has no duty to defend.” Allstate thus maintained that it is
     not obligated to defend or indemnify Jasmine’s Day Care or Alejandra in connection with the
     claims asserted against them in the underlying action.
¶7        Allstate subsequently filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings, arguing that the
     “expected injury” exclusion in the policy bars coverage in connection with the allegations of
     the underlying action. Jane filed a memorandum opposing Allstate’s motion. She emphasized
     that Adan is not a named defendant in the underlying action and that Jasmine’s Day Care and
     Alejandra are alleged to have acted negligently, not intentionally. In its reply brief, Allstate
     cited, for the first time, the following “joint obligations” clause from the general definitions
     section of the policy:
                  “The terms of this policy impose joint obligations on the person named on the
              Policy Declarations as the insured and on that person’s resident spouse. These
              persons are defined as you or your. This means that the responsibilities, acts and

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               omissions of a person defined as you or your will be binding upon any other person
               defined as you or your.
                   The terms of this policy impose joint obligations on persons defined as an insured
               person. This means that the responsibilities, acts and failures to act of a person
               defined as an insured person will be binding upon another person defined as an
               insured person.” (Emphases in original.)
¶8         The court granted Allstate’s motion for judgment on the pleadings. The court’s written
       order indicates that (1) “no liability insurance coverage is available to any insured under
       Allstate’s policy with respect to the bodily injury claims being asserted against them in [the
       underlying action]” and (2) “Allstate is not obligated to defend or indemnify Alejandra
       Contreras or Jasmine’s Day Care with respect to [the underlying action].” Jane filed a timely
       notice of appeal.

¶9                                             II. ANALYSIS
¶ 10       Jane argues that Allstate must defend and indemnify Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra
       in connection with the claims asserted against them in the underlying action. Jane concedes
       that Allstate would have no duty to defend or indemnify Adan for his intentional acts of
       sexually abusing Janie and Janet. She emphasizes, however, that she did not name Adan as a
       defendant in the underlying action. To that end, Jane proposes that it is necessary to
       distinguish between Adan’s intentional acts and the “independent” negligent acts of
       Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra. Relying principally on Continental Casualty Co. v.
       McDowell & Colantoni, Ltd., 282 Ill. App. 3d 236 (1996), Jane posits that “courts are careful
       to separate which insureds committed what acts in determining which insured, if any, are
       entitled to a defense under potentially covered claims.” Anticipating Allstate’s argument
       premised on the “joint obligations” clause in the policy, Jane notes that this court rejected a
       similar argument in Wasik v. Allstate Insurance Co., 351 Ill. App. 3d 260 (2004).
¶ 11       Allstate responds that Adan’s intent to harm Janie and Janet is inferred as a matter of law,
       given the allegations of sexual abuse. According to Allstate, “the basis of the tort” was
       Adan’s intentional abuse, and the negligence allegations in Jane’s complaint amounted to a
       “transparent attempt to trigger insurance coverage.” Furthermore, Allstate argues, given that
       Janie’s and Janet’s injuries arose out of Adan’s intentional or criminal acts and given that the
       policy excludes coverage for bodily injury that results from the intentional or criminal acts of
       “any insured person,” there is no coverage for the claims asserted against the other insured
       parties (Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra) for those same injuries. Allstate also disagrees
       with Janet’s claim that the negligent acts of Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra were
       independent of Adan’s intentional acts. Allstate instead maintains that the minors’ injuries
       “arose from, are related to, and are dependent on” Adan’s excluded acts, insofar as the
       minors would not have been injured by the alleged negligent supervision in the absence of
       the sexual abuse by Adan.
¶ 12       To the extent that McDowell & Colantoni supports Jane’s position, Allstate submits that
       the case is factually distinguishable from the present case and was incorrectly decided.
       Allstate further maintains that it is improper for Jane to focus on the fact that Jasmine’s Day
       Care and Alejandra did not commit intentional or criminal acts, given the policy’s “joint
       obligations” clause. Allstate argues that this court’s analysis of an identical “joint
       obligations” clause in Wasik does not apply to the present case, given that “Wasik dealt with a

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       first party fire insurance claim and has only been cited in first party insurance claim
       situations.”
¶ 13        As noted above, the trial court granted Allstate’s motion for judgment on the pleadings.
       When ruling on such a motion, the court must consider any judicial admissions in the record,
       any matters that are subject to judicial notice, and the facts that are apparent from the face of
       the pleadings. St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co. v. City of Waukegan, 2017 IL App (2d)
160381, ¶ 25. The court should enter judgment on the pleadings only where “the pleadings
       disclose no genuine issue of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter
       of law.” St. Paul, 2017 IL App (2d) 160381, ¶ 25. Our review is de novo. St. Paul, 2017 IL
       App (2d) 160381, ¶ 25.
¶ 14        To determine whether Allstate owes a duty to defend Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra
       with respect to the claims asserted against them in the underlying action, we must compare
       the allegations of the underlying complaint to the relevant provisions of the insurance policy.
       Outboard Marine Corp. v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 154 Ill. 2d 90, 107-08 (1992). “If
       the facts alleged in the underlying complaint fall within, or potentially within, the policy’s
       coverage, the insurer’s duty to defend arises.” Outboard Marine Corp., 154 Ill. 2d at 108.
       When interpreting an insurance policy, we must ascertain the parties’ intent by construing the
       policy as a whole in light of the risks undertaken, the purposes of the entire contract, and the
       subject matter that is insured. Empire Indemnity Insurance Co. v. Chicago Province of the
       Society of Jesus, 2013 IL App (1st) 112346, ¶ 33. If the terms are clear and unambiguous, we
       must afford them their plain, ordinary, and popular meaning. Empire Indemnity, 2013 IL App
       (1st) 112346, ¶ 33. If the terms are ambiguous and susceptible to more than one reasonable
       interpretation, however, we will construe them against the insurer as the party that drafted the
       policy. Empire Indemnity, 2013 IL App (1st) 112346, ¶ 33. We construe policy exclusions
       narrowly, in favor of coverage. Robert R. McCormick Foundation v. Arthur J. Gallagher Risk
       Management Services, Inc., 2016 IL App (2d) 150303, ¶ 9.
¶ 15        Jane’s complaint in the underlying action alleged that Adan repeatedly sexually abused
       Janie and Janet. Due to the nature of those allegations, Allstate is correct that Adan’s intent to
       injure the children is presumed as a matter of law. See Pekin Insurance Co. v. Dial, 355 Ill.
       App. 3d 516, 521 (2005) (“An insurance company is under no duty to defend or indemnify an
       insured who sexually abuses a minor, because the nature of the conduct itself establishes as a
       matter of law that the insured expected or intended to injure the victim.”); Hartford
       Insurance Co. of Illinois v. Kelly, 309 Ill. App. 3d 800, 804-05 (1999) (“[W]here an
       underlying complaint sets forth factual allegations of sexual misconduct, specific intent to
       harm is inferred as a matter of law, especially when the victims are minors.”). Jane does not
       dispute this.
¶ 16        In their briefs, the parties discuss a number of cases addressing whether an insurance
       company must defend its insured in a civil action when that insured is accused of personally
       committing sexual abuse. Those cases do not answer the more specific question that is the
       subject of this appeal: Does Adan’s intent to injure Janie and Janet preclude coverage for his
       co-insureds, Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra, where they were allegedly negligent for
       failing to prevent the sexual abuse? Only one of the Illinois cases discussed in the parties’
       briefs, State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. v. Watters, 268 Ill. App. 3d 501, 502 (1994), actually
       involved allegations that one insured party (a mother) negligently failed to prevent another
       insured party (her son) from committing sexual abuse. Unfortunately, there was no issue

                                                   -5-
       raised on appeal in Watters as to whether the insurer owed a duty to defend the mother, and
       the court “decline[d] to discuss and rule on [that] issue sua sponte.” Watters, 268 Ill. App. 3d
       at 512.
¶ 17       Nevertheless, Westfield National Insurance Co. v. Continental Community Bank & Trust
       Co., 346 Ill. App. 3d 113 (2003), squarely addressed the issue presented in this appeal, and it
       guides our analysis. In accordance with our directions, the parties discussed Westfield
       National during oral argument in this matter.

¶ 18                                       A. Westfield National
¶ 19       In Westfield National, two minors were allegedly sexually abused by their aunt’s
       husband, Librado Valdez, during visits to his home. Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at
       115. Continental Community Bank and Trust Company (Continental), which was the minors’
       next friend as well as the guardian of their estates, filed a lawsuit against the minors’ aunt,
       alleging that she “owed ‘a duty to protect each child from harm and danger which she knew
       or should have known existed.’ ” Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 115. Continental
       alleged that the aunt breached this duty by failing to:
                   “ ‘(a) Report to the parents of [the minors] the sexual molesting of [the minors]
               which she knew or should have known because of the conduct of her husband ***[;]
                   (b) Advise[ ] the parents of [the minors] of the prior criminal involvement with
               minors involving *** Valdez in the State of Florida;
                   (c) Report to the parents of [the minors] inappropriate physical encounters which
               were occurring involving [the minors] and *** Valdez;
                   (d) Desist from bringing [the minors] to sit on the lap of *** Valdez;
                   (e) Desist from creating a sexually charged atmosphere by promoting a collective
               viewing of movies which involved naked actors and actresses;
                   (f) Desist during said movie viewings the encouragement of comments involving
               the naked bodies of actresses applicable to the pubescent and pre-pubescent [minors];
                   (g) Ascertain the activities of *** Valdez at such times as he would leave the
               marital bedroom and visit the bed of [the minors];
                   (h) Desist from directing *** [the minors] to sit on the lap of the partially clad
               *** Valdez for the purposes of keeping him warm;
                   (i) Investigate [the] reason why she discovered [one of the minors] locked in the
               bathroom and crying after an encounter with *** Valdez;
                   (j) Desist from providing and encouraging [the minors] from wearing minimal
               and provocative clothing when interacting with *** Valdez; [and]
                   (k) Desist from the isolating of [the minors] from each other so as to secure a
               one-on-one intimacy with *** Valdez.’ ” Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 115.
       According to the underlying complaint, “ ‘As a direct and proximate result of one or more of
       the aforesaid enabling acts or omissions, *** [the minors] were exposed to and submitted to
       *** Valdez, at which time, each of them was molested and suffered injuries of a personal and
       pecuniary nature.’ ” Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 116.
¶ 20       The aunt tendered the defense to her homeowner’s insurance carrier, Westfield National
       Insurance Company (Westfield National). Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 116.

                                                  -6-
       Westfield National filed a declaratory judgment action claiming that it owed no duty to
       defend or indemnify the aunt, due to an “expected or intended” injury exclusion in the policy.
       Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 116. Specifically, the policy excluded coverage for
       bodily injury or property damage “ ‘which is expected or intended by the Insured’ ”; it also
       excluded coverage for “ ‘injury caused by a violation of a penal law or ordinance committed
       by or with the knowledge or consent of an insured.’ ” Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at
       117. The trial court granted Westfield National’s motion for summary judgment, and
       Continental appealed. Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 116.
¶ 21       On appeal, we explained that “Illinois courts have adopted an ‘inferred-intent’ rule,”
       whereby it is presumed that a person who sexually abuses a minor intends to injure the
       minor. Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 118. We noted, however, that no Illinois court
       had yet considered whether an insurance company would owe a duty to defend or indemnify
       the abuser’s spouse. Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 120. We found guidance in a line
       of cases involving the “innocent-insured doctrine”—cases in which courts had refused to
       impute the intent of one insured to another where, for example, one spouse intentionally
       caused a home fire. Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 120-21. Based on the reasoning of
       those cases, we declined to impute Valdez’s intent to his wife, and we “instead focus[ed] on
       the provisions of the policy and the allegations of the underlying complaint in determining
       whether the intentional-acts exclusion applie[d] to preclude Westfield from having a duty to
       defend or indemnify the aunt.” Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 121.
¶ 22       Looking to the specific factual allegations of the complaint, we concluded that “the aunt
       should have been cognizant of her own conduct toward the minors and vis-à-vis her husband,
       Valdez.” Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 122. We explained that the allegations
       showed that the aunt reasonably should have anticipated or expected the injuries to the
       minors as “a natural and probable result of her enabling acts, regardless of whether she could
       anticipate the precise injury the minors would actually suffer.” Westfield National, 346 Ill.
       App. 3d at 122. Although the complaint claimed that the aunt was merely negligent, the
       supporting facts more accurately detailed “intentional conduct on the part of the aunt, and the
       minors’ cause of action based on negligence [was] ‘a transparent attempt to trigger insurance
       coverage.’ ” Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 122 (quoting Watters, 268 Ill. App. 3d at
       510). In other words, to say that the aunt was “an ‘innocent’ spouse” would have required us
       to ignore the facts alleged in the complaint. Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 123.
       Accordingly, we determined that, “[b]ecause the underlying complaint seeks recovery from
       the aunt for her participatory conduct resulting in the sexual abuse of the minors, *** the trial
       court properly held that Westfield had no duty to defend or, therefore, to indemnify the aunt
       in the underlying suit.” Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 124.

¶ 23                                     B. The Allstate Policy
¶ 24       Westfield National establishes that we cannot simply impute Adan’s intentional conduct
       to Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra for purposes of the “expected injury” exclusion. We
       must instead consider the specific policy language in light of the facts alleged in the
       underlying complaint. We turn to the relevant language of Allstate’s policy.
¶ 25       The policy that Allstate issued to Alejandra and Adan contained the following “expected
       injury” exclusion:

                                                   -7-
                   “1. We do not cover any bodily injury or property damage intended by, or which
                may reasonably be expected to result from the intentional or criminal acts or
                omissions of, any insured person. This exclusion applies even if:
                        (a) such bodily injury or property damage is of a different kind or degree than
                   that intended or reasonably expected; or
                        (b) such bodily injury or property damage is sustained by a different person
                   than intended or reasonably expected.
                   This exclusion applies regardless of whether or not such insured person is actually
                charged with, or convicted of a crime.” (Emphases in original.)
¶ 26        As Allstate notes, the use of the phrase “any insured person” in this exclusion is arguably
       broader than if the provision had said “the insured person.” See Allstate Insurance Co. v.
       Smiley, 276 Ill. App. 3d 971, 979 (1995) (determining that the use of the words “an” and
       “any” broadened a certain policy exclusion). During oral argument, Allstate attempted to
       distinguish Westfield National on the basis that the policy at issue in that case used “the
       insured” language as opposed to “any insured” language. According to Allstate, given that
       Janie’s and Janet’s injuries arose out of Adan’s intentional or criminal acts and given that the
       policy excludes coverage for bodily injury that results from the intentional or criminal acts of
       “any insured person,” there is no coverage for the claims asserted against Jasmine’s Day
       Care and Alejandra for those same injuries. In further support of its position, Allstate relies
       on the “joint obligations” clause found in the general definitions section of the policy.
¶ 27        Although Allstate is correct that the “expected or intended” injury exclusion at issue in
       Westfield National “excluded from coverage bodily injury or property damage ‘which is
       expected or intended by the Insured,’ ” in the very next sentence of the opinion we noted that
       the policy “also stated that personal injury insurance did not apply to ‘injury caused by a
       violation of a penal law or ordinance committed by or with the knowledge or consent of an
       insured.’ ” (Emphases added.) Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 117. We did not
       articulate a distinction between “the insured” language and “an” or “any insured” language.
¶ 28        Moreover, Allstate’s interpretation of the “any insured” language in its policy, along with
       its interpretation of the “joint obligations” clause, is at odds with our decision in Wasik. In
       that case, the plaintiff made a claim under his homeowner’s insurance policy after a fire
       destroyed his garage. Wasik, 351 Ill. App. 3d at 261. Allstate denied the claim because the
       plaintiff’s stepson, who was also insured under the policy, intentionally started the fire.
       Wasik, 351 Ill. App. 3d at 261, 264. The policy provided that Allstate would “ ‘not cover any
       loss or occurrence in which any insured person has concealed or misrepresented any material
       fact or circumstance.’ ” (Emphases in original.) Wasik, 351 Ill. App. 3d at 265. The policy
       also contained the following exclusion with respect to coverage for property damage:
                   “ ‘We do not cover loss to the property described in Coverage A—Dwelling
                Protection[,] *** Coverage B—Other Structures Protection [or Coverage
                C—Personal Property Protection] consisting of or caused by:
                                                    ***
                   7. The failure by any insured person to take all reasonable steps to preserve
                property when the property is endangered by a cause of loss we cover.
                   8. Any substantial change or increase in hazard, if changed or increased by any
                means within the control or knowledge of an insured person.

                                                  -8-
                    9. Intentional or criminal acts of or at the direction of any insured person, if the
               loss that occurs:
                        a) may be reasonably expected to result from such acts; or
                        b) is the intended result of such acts.
               This exclusion applies regardless of whether or not the insured person is actually
               charged with, or convicted of a crime.’ ” (Emphases in original.) Wasik, 351 Ill. App.
3d at 265.
       The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Allstate based on these exclusions,
       even though the court believed that the plaintiff was an “innocent insured” in the sense that
       he was not involved with his stepson’s misconduct. Wasik, 351 Ill. App. 3d at 261.
¶ 29       On appeal, after reviewing several cases analyzing the innocent-insured doctrine, we
       reversed the trial court’s judgment. We explained:
               “Although the [exclusionary] clauses could be read as entirely prohibiting coverage
               for a loss caused by the act or failure to act of ‘any’ insured, they do not clearly state
               that the policy will be void or coverage will be excluded as to all insureds in the event
               of some improper behavior by ‘any’ insured.” Wasik, 351 Ill. App. 3d at 266.
       Nor were we impressed by Allstate’s reliance on the “joint obligations” clause in the policy:
               “The ‘joint obligations’ language is not a part of any of the exclusionary clauses but
               is instead found among the general policy declarations. We agree with plaintiff that
               one plausible construction of the joint obligations clause is that it refers to the general
               obligations to pay premiums and to take certain actions before and after a loss and
               that a reasonable insured would not understand the clause to exclude coverage for all
               insureds when coverage is excluded for one insured. *** The joint obligations clause
               is, at best, ambiguous. Therefore, we will not interpret it broadly enough to exclude
               coverage for an innocent insured when another insured has intentionally or criminally
               caused a loss.” Wasik, 351 Ill. App. 3d at 267.
¶ 30       Allstate attempts to distinguish Wasik on the basis that that case involved a claim by an
       insured arising out of property damage, as opposed to a third-party claim against an insured.
       According to Allstate, unlike a first-party claim for property damage, there is no truly
       “innocent insured” in the third-party-liability-insurance context, given that there is a claim
       asserted against the insured for his or her own alleged wrongful acts or omissions.
¶ 31       Allstate fails to account for the fact that in Westfield National we relied on property-claim
       cases that had analyzed the innocent-insured doctrine. Additionally, in a relatively recent
       opinion addressing the innocent-insured doctrine, our supreme court suggested that the
       doctrine could apply where an insured tenders the defense of a tort claim to his or her insurer.
       See Illinois State Bar Ass’n Mutual Insurance Co. v. Law Office of Tuzzolino & Terpinas,
       2015 IL 117096, ¶ 30 (“[T]he innocence of an insured matters a great deal when another
       insured’s wrongdoing triggers a policy exclusion, and a dispute arises over whether the
       insurer has a duty to defend the innocent insured under a policy that undisputably was in
       effect.”). Allstate’s attempt to distinguish Wasik on the basis that it involved an insured’s
       claim for property damage thus fails.
¶ 32       In light of Wasik, although the “expected injury” clause here uses the words “any
       insured” and although the policy also contains a “joint obligations” clause, we decline
       Allstate’s invitation to hold that Adan’s intent to injure Janie and Janet categorically

                                                    -9-
       precludes a defense for the other insureds relating to claims for the same injuries. Instead, as
       in Westfield National, we must look to the specific factual allegations asserted against
       Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra in the underlying action to determine whether the
       “expected injury” exclusion applies to their particular conduct.

¶ 33                          C. The Allegations of the Underlying Complaint
¶ 34       Turning to the allegations of the underlying complaint, we find a critical distinction
       between Westfield National and the present case. In the underlying complaint in Westfield
       National, the aunt was alleged to have engaged in “participatory conduct resulting in the
       sexual abuse of the minors” by her husband. Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 124.
       Examples of such “participatory conduct” included directing the minors to sit on her
       husband’s lap while he was partially clad, creating a sexually charged atmosphere by
       showing inappropriate movies, and encouraging the minors to wear minimal and provocative
       clothing when interacting with her husband. Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 115.
       Despite the underlying plaintiff’s attempts in Westfield National to characterize the aunt’s
       actions and omissions as mere negligence, we emphasized that her conduct demonstrated that
       the minors’ injuries were expected as a “natural and probable result of her enabling acts.”
       Westfield National, 346 Ill. App. 3d at 122.
¶ 35       Unlike the underlying plaintiff in Westfield National, Jane did not allege that Jasmine’s
       Day Care or Alejandra engaged in participatory conduct that resulted in Adan’s sexual abuse
       of Janie and Janet. Nor did Jane allege that Jasmine’s Day Care or Alejandra knew (or even
       should have known) that Adan would abuse the children. Cf. Empire Indemnity, 2013 IL App
       (1st) 112346, ¶ 40 (insurers owed no duty to defend a Jesuit society against lawsuits claiming
       that one of its priests committed sexual abuse, because the underlying complaints alleged that
       the society had prior knowledge that this particular priest had abused other minors). Jane
       merely alleged that Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra (1) failed to adequately supervise the
       children; (2) failed to protect them from exploitation, neglect, and abuse; and (3) improperly
       allowed Adan to be alone with them.
¶ 36       According to Allstate, to hold Jasmine’s Day Care or Alejandra liable for negligent
       supervision, Jane will ultimately have to prove that they expected the injuries to Janie and
       Janet, which would preclude insurance coverage. In her complaint, however, Jane invokes
       the Illinois Administrative Code, not just the common law, as the source of the legal duty.
       Allstate does not direct our attention to any authority construing the particular administrative
       regulation that Jane claims Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra violated. Allstate merely
       assumes, without providing supporting authority, that Jane will be required to plead and
       prove more specific facts that will exclude insurance coverage for Jasmine’s Day Care and
       Alejandra.
¶ 37       Moreover, the legal sufficiency of the underlying complaint is not before us in this
       appeal. Instead, to determine whether Allstate owes a duty to defend Jasmine’s Day Care and
       Alejandra, we must consider whether “the facts alleged in the underlying complaint fall
       within, or potentially within, the policy’s coverage.” Outboard Marine Corp., 154 Ill. 2d at
       108. A duty to defend may exist even if Jane’s allegations ultimately prove to be groundless,
       false, or fraudulent. Country Mutual Insurance Co. v. Dahms, 2016 IL App (1st) 141392,
       ¶ 38. Given the absence of any specific factual allegations in the underlying complaint that
       would trigger the “expected injury” exclusion with respect to Jasmine’s Day Care or

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       Alejandra, Allstate has not met its burden to demonstrate that it owes no duty to defend its
       insureds. Accordingly, Allstate is not entitled to judgment on the pleadings.
¶ 38        In closing, we note that Jane relies heavily in her brief on McDowell & Colantoni in
       support of her argument that Jasmine’s Day Care’s and Alejandra’s negligent conduct was
       independent of Adan’s intentional conduct. Relying primarily on Northbrook Property &
       Casualty Co. v. Transportation Joint Agreement, 194 Ill. 2d 96 (2000), Allstate responds that
       McDowell & Colantoni was incorrectly decided and that the claims asserted against
       Jasmine’s Day Care and Alejandra were related to and dependent on Adan’s excluded acts.
       Neither McDowell & Colantoni nor Northbrook involved allegations that an insured party
       sexually abused a minor. As our analysis has been guided by the more directly relevant
       authority in Westfield National, which the parties addressed thoroughly at oral argument, we
       need not comment on the parties’ dispute in their briefs as to whether McDowell & Colantoni
       was correctly decided. Similarly, as there is Illinois case law on point, we decline to
       comment on the foreign authority that Allstate cites throughout its brief. See Kostal v. Pinkus
       Dermatopathology Laboratory, P.C., 357 Ill. App. 3d 381, 395 (2005) (“When there is
       Illinois case law directly on point, we need not look to case law from other states for
       guidance.”).

¶ 39                                     III. CONCLUSION
¶ 40      For the reasons stated, we reverse the judgment of the circuit court of Lake County and
       remand for further proceedings.

¶ 41      Reversed and remanded.

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