Court Opinion

ID: 4661607
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-02-19 19:11:49.486699+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:14.627353
License: Public Domain

J-A03004-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    PATRICK R. STOCKI                          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JESSE GOBLE, VICTORINA LALLAVE             :
    A/K/A VICTORINA LALLAVE GOBLE,             :
    FORREST M. SWAYDIS                         :   No. 755 MDA 2020
                                               :
                       Appellants              :

                  Appeal from the Order Dated April 24, 2020
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County Civil Division at
                             No(s): 2015-02937

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and MURRAY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.:                           FILED FEBRUARY 19, 2021

       Victorina Lallave a/k/a Victorina Lallave Goble (Appellant) appeals from

the order denying her petition to open the default judgment entered in favor

of Patrick R Stocki (Stocki).1 We affirm.

       This Court, in a prior decision, recounted the procedural history of the

case as follows:

       On April 28, 2015, [Stocki] initiated this civil action by filing a
       praecipe for writ of summons against defendants. On May 27,
       2015, [Stocki] filed a praecipe to reissue the writ of summons.
       The docket indicates that on June 23, 2015, a Deputy Sheriff of
       Lackawanna County allegedly served the writ of summons on all
       defendants by handing it to Maulik Reeves, identified as “person
       in charge,” at 169–171 Sussex Street, Old Forge, Pennsylvania
____________________________________________

1Appellant’s co-defendants in the trial court, Jesse Goble and Forrest M.
Swaydis, are not participants in this appeal.
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     18518 (the “Address”). On August 18, 2015, [Stocki] filed a civil
     complaint against the defendants, alleging negligence. [Stocki]
     alleged that on May 27, 2013, he was walking his dog near his
     home when the defendants’ dog, that was unrestrained, attacked
     him. Specifically, the defendants’ dog allegedly bit [Stocki] on the
     right arm, causing him to fall to the ground. [Stocki] alleged that
     because of the attack, he suffered and continues to suffer a
     laceration of the right arm, scars to his right arm, abrasions to his
     left hand, nightmares, and a shock to his nerves and nervous
     system.

     The record indicates that [Stocki] allegedly served the complaint
     on the defendants by Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested,
     and First Class at the Address.             On October 13, 2015,
     approximately fifty-five days after service of the complaint,
     [Stocki] filed a certificate of service, indicating that he served on
     the defendants a notice of default judgment by Certified Mail,
     Return Receipt Requested, and First Class at the Address. On
     November 23, 2015, approximately forty-one days after allegedly
     serving on the defendants a notice of default judgment, [Stocki]
     filed a praecipe for entry of default judgment. The Clerk of Judicial
     Records entered default judgment against the defendants. On the
     same date, [Stocki] filed another certificate of service, indicating
     that he served on the defendants a praecipe for entry of judgment
     by default and entry of judgment by Certified Mail, Return Receipt
     Requested, and First Class at the Address.

     On March 8, 2017, more than a year after the entry of default
     judgment, [Appellant] filed a petition to open the default
     judgment to which she attached her proposed answer to the
     complaint in accord with Pa.R.C.P. No. 237.3(a). In the petition,
     [Appellant] alleged that she never was served with a copy of the
     complaint and that, at the time of the alleged service of the
     complaint, she did not reside at the Address. Rather, [Appellant]
     alleged that she resided at an undisclosed location in light of a
     protection from abuse order entered against her husband and co-
     defendant, Jesse Goble. She further alleged that she never
     received a copy of the ten-day notice of default, as required under
     Pa.R.C.P. Nos. 237.1(a)(2) and 237.5. On the same date, the trial
     court issued a rule to show cause, indicating that a hearing would
     be held on May 3, 2017 at 2:00 p.m. on [Appellant’s] petition.
     The docket, however, does not reveal that a hearing was
     conducted on [Appellant’s] petition to open default judgment
     consistent with Pa.R.C.P. Nos. 206.6 and 207.

                                     -2-
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       Instead, on May 24, 2017, the trial court denied without a hearing
       [Appellant’s] petition to open the default judgment. [Appellant]
       timely appealed to this Court. The trial court ordered [Appellant]
       to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors complained of on
       appeal. [Appellant] complied, raising sixteen assertions of error.
       In response, the trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion,
       concluding that [Appellant] was not entitled to relief.

Stocki v. Goble, 2018 WL 2978601, at **1-2 (Pa. Super. June 14, 2018)

(unpublished memorandum) (footnote omitted).

       On June 14, 2018, this Court remanded the case to the trial court for an

evidentiary hearing, which took place on December 20, 2018. On April 24,

2020, the trial court denied Appellant’s petition to open. This timely appeal

followed.2

       Appellant presents six issues for our review:

       1. Did the trial court err by refusing to open the default judgment
       where the record reflects that the Appellant Goble was not served
       causing a fatal defect in the procedural aspects of service of
       original process upon the Appellant?

       2. Did the trial court abuse its discretion in denying the Appellant’s
       Petition to Open the default judgment where [Stocki] could not
       establish that original process was served upon the Appellant in
       compliance with Rule 402 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil
       Procedure?

       3. Did the trial court abuse its discretion or commit an error of law
       where it appears from a review of the record that there is no
       evidence to support the Court’s findings?

       4. Did the trial court err in denying the Petition to Open the default
       judgment and failing to consider all three criteria for opening a
____________________________________________

2 Appellant and the trial court have complied with Pennsylvania Rule of
Appellate Procedure 1925.

                                           -3-
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      default where numerous meritorious defenses to the allegations
      were contained in the Appellant’s proposed Answer with New
      Matter to [Stocki]’s Complaint, where the Appellant provided a
      reasonable explanation for failing to file a timely responsive
      pleading, and when the Appellant, through present counsel,
      promptly filed a petition to open default?

      5. Where the Appellant’s Petition to Open possessed a reasonable
      explanation or legitimate excuse for her default, did the trial court
      abuse its discretion in failing to give weight to the Appellant’s
      meritorious defenses to the Complaint?

      6. Did the trial court err in denying the Petition to Open the default
      judgment by failing to consider the equities of the matter, the
      prejudice to the Appellant if the petition to open was denied and
      whether [Stocki] would suffer any prejudice if the petition to open
      default was granted?

Appellant’s Brief at 5-6.

      Appellant’s six issues are interrelated. Also, Appellant argues the six

issues under three headings, contrary to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a), which provides

that the argument “shall be divided into as many parts as there are questions

to be argued.” See Appellant’s Brief at 16-32. This discrepancy does not

hamper our review. See, e.g., Donahue v. Fed. Express Corp., 753 A.2d

238, 241 n.3 (Pa. Super. 2000).          For ease of disposition, we address

Appellant’s issues together.

      We have explained:

      A petition to open a default judgment is an appeal to the equitable
      powers of the court. The decision to grant or deny a petition to
      open a default judgment is within the sound discretion of the trial
      court, and we will not overturn that decision absent a manifest
      abuse of discretion or error of law.

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Green Acres Rehab. & Nursing Ctr. v. Sullivan, 113 A.3d 1261, 1270 (Pa.

Super. 2015) (quotation omitted).

       Generally, a trial court will open a default judgment if the defendant

has:

       (1) promptly filed a petition to open the default judgment, (2)
       provided a reasonable excuse or explanation for failing to file a
       responsive pleading, and (3) pleaded a meritorious defense to the
       allegations contained in the complaint.

US Bank N.A. v. Mallory, 982 A.2d 986, 994–95 (Pa. Super. 2009).              To

obtain relief, a defendant must establish “all three of the required criteria.”

Id. at 995.

       Concerning the first two prongs:

       The timeliness of a petition to open a judgment is measured from
       the date that notice of the entry of the default judgment is
       received. The law does not establish a specific time period within
       which a petition to open a judgment must be filed to qualify as
       timeliness. Instead, the court must consider the length of time
       between discovery of the entry of the default judgment and the
       reason for delay.

                                      ***

       In cases where the appellate courts have found a “prompt” and
       timely filing of the petition to open a default judgment, the period
       of delay has normally been less than one month. See Duckson
       v. Wee Wheelers, Inc., . . . 620 A.2d 1206 (Pa. Super. 1993)
       (one day is timely); Alba v. Urology Associates of Kingston, .
       . . 598 A.2d 57 (Pa. Super. 1991) (fourteen days is timely); Fink
       v. General Accident Ins. Co., 594 A.2d 345 (Pa. Super. 1991)
       (period of five days is timely).

                                      ***

       With regard to the second prong, “[w]hether an excuse is
       legitimate is not easily answered and depends upon the specific

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       circumstances of the case. The appellate courts have usually
       addressed the question of legitimate excuse in the context of an
       excuse for failure to respond to the original complaint in a timely
       fashion.”

                                          ***

       This Court has held that “where the failure to answer was due to
       an oversight, an unintentional omission to act, or a mistake of the
       rights and duties of the appellant, the default judgment may be
       opened.”

Myers v. Wells Fargo Bank N.A., 986 A.2d 171, 175-77 (Pa. Super. 2009)

(some citations omitted).

       Here, Appellant filed her petition to open more than 15 months after

default judgment was entered. This was not a prompt filing.3 As stated above,

petitions to open default judgments that have been deemed “promptly filed”

tend to have been filed within a month of the entry of default judgment. See

Myers, 986 A.2d at 176. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding

Appellant’s petition to open was not promptly filed.

____________________________________________

3 On appeal, as she did below, Appellant argues the filing was prompt. See
Petition of Defendant Victorina Lallave Goble Only, to Open Default Judgment,
3/08/17, at 2; Appellant’s Brief at 28-29. However, Appellant does not
develop her assertion beyond this broad and self-serving statement. At the
evidentiary hearing, Appellant contradicted herself about how she learned
about the case, alternately claiming counsel told her about it, but also that
she told counsel about it. Appellant never provided the date when she learned
about the entry of default judgment, or when, after learning of it, she
contacted counsel. N.T., 12/20/18, at 10-11. There is no evidence supporting
Appellant’s claim of prompt filing.

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       With respect to the second prong, Appellant did not demonstrate a

reasonable excuse for her delay. Appellant contends Stocki did not properly

serve her with the complaint and writ of summons, and she never received

any of the other documents relating to the default.4 Appellant’s Brief at 17-

24. Appellant testified she was not living at 169-171 Sussex Street, Old Forge,

Pennsylvania at the time Stocki served these documents, and she did not

know Maulik Reeves, who accepted service on her behalf. Id. at 22-23; N.T.,

12/20/18, at 8-10.

       The Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure provide:

       (a) Original process may be served

          (1) by handing a copy to the defendant; or

          (2) by handing a copy

              (i) at the residence of the defendant to an adult
              member of the family with whom he resides; but if no
              adult member of the family is found, then to an adult
              person in charge of such residence; or

Pa.R.Civ.P. 402(a)(1) and (2)(i) (emphasis added).

       Here, the Sheriff’s Return shows that Stocki personally served the writ

of summons on Appellant by handing it to Maulik Reeves, “Person in Charge,”

pursuant to Pa.R.Civ.P. 402(a)(2)(i). Sheriff’s Return, 6/18/15 (unnecessary

____________________________________________

4Appellant averred that Stocki did not serve her with a copy of the complaint.
Petition of Defendant, Victorina Lallave Goble Only, to Open Default Judgment,
3/8/17, at 1. It was not until more than a year later, at the hearing, when
she claimed Stocki did not serve her with the writ of summons. N.T.,
12/20/18, at 10, 15-16.

                                           -7-
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capitalization omitted). As Appellant petitioned to open the default judgment

on the basis that she was not living at that address, and Maulik Reeves was

not the person in charge, the burden was on Appellant to support her

averments.

        In its opinion, the trial court exhaustively details Appellant’s testimony,

which was vague, evasive, and contradictory.           See Trial Court Opinion,

4/24/20, at 3-5; N.T., 12/20/18, at 4-39. We need not reproduce the trial

court’s painstaking and accurate rendition of Appellant’s testimony, which we

summarize and adopt.5          See Trial Court Opinion, 4/24/20, at 3-5; N.T.,

____________________________________________

5   In sum, Appellant testified:

        (1)   She and her business partner, co-defendant Forrest M.
              Swaydis, owned the Sussex Street address, as well as
              several other properties.
        (2)   Despite property ownership, Appellant did not know who
              lived at any of the properties or who paid the rent.
        (3)   Throughout the period in question, Appellant was residing
              at an undisclosed address, with family in western
              Pennsylvania, to hide from her violent, estranged husband,
              co-defendant Jesse Goble.
        (4)   Appellant did not know when she fled to western
              Pennsylvania or when she permanently returned to
              Lackawanna County.
        (5)   The Sussex Street address was and continues to be the
              address listed on Appellant’s driver’s license.
        (6)   Beginning in 2015, and continuing through the present,
              Appellant filed an application for a protection from abuse
              (PFA) order and applications for PFA order extensions, and
              was granted temporary, final, and extensions of PFA orders.
              On all applications, under penalty of perjury, Appellant listed
              her address as the Sussex Street address, sought to have
              her husband evicted from that address, and sought to

                                           -8-
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12/20/18, at 4-39. The trial court concluded, “[b]ased upon our review of the

testimony, we do not find [Appellant’s] testimony credible enough to support

opening the judgment against her.” Trial Court Opinion, 4/24/20, at 2.

       The trial court explained:

       We do not find the testimony of [Appellant] completely credible.
       While we do not doubt her genuine trepidation regarding her
       estranged husband, Jesse Goble, her foggy recollection as to when
       she retreated to “somewhere in western Pennsylvania” and when
       she returned, indeed where exactly she was, renders her
       testimony regarding her notice of this lawsuit suspect. Moreover,
       for someone to be a business associate in the co-ownership of real
       estate for many years and multiple properties and not know who
       is living in them or paying rent simply does not have the ring of
       truth to it. We therefore find that [Appellant] has failed to provide
       a reasonable excuse or explanation for failing to file a responsive
       pleading. This is underscored by her own testimony in which she
       testifies to having returned to Lackawanna County in order to file
       various extensions of her Protection from Abuse Order despite
       being assured that her estranged husband never located her
       during the operative timeframe. Returning to Lackawanna County
       several times in 2015, 2016 and 2017 in order to file Protection
       from Abuse extensions provided [Appellant] with similar
       opportunities to file a responsive pleading in this case. Further, it
       is difficult to swallow that [Appellant] and her “dear friend and
       business partner for many years” [co-defendant] Forrest Swaydis,
       had no communication during this timeframe regarding this
       lawsuit.

Id. at 5-6 (record citations omitted).

       It bears repeating that the trial court,

____________________________________________

              prohibit him from coming to that address. In order to
              conduct this legal business, Appellant returned to
              Lackawanna County several times during 2015, 2016, and
              2017.

See Trial Court Opinion, 4/24/20, at 3-5; N.T., 12/20/18, at 4-39.

                                           -9-
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      as the finder of fact, is free to believe all, part or none of the
      evidence presented. Issues of credibility and conflicts in evidence
      are for the trial court to resolve; this Court is not permitted to
      reexamine the weight and credibility determination or substitute
      our judgment for that of the fact finder.

Davis v. Borough of Montrose, 194 A.3d 597, 605 (Pa. Super. 2018)

(citation omitted). Here, the trial court’s credibility findings are supported by

the record, and we find no abuse of discretion in its determination that

Appellant failed to provide a reasonable explanation for failing to timely file a

responsive pleading.

      With regard to the third prong concerning a meritorious defense, the

trial court in its original decision, prior to Appellant’s first appeal and this Court

remanding for an evidentiary hearing, found Appellant had pled a meritorious

defense. See Trial Court Opinion, 4/24/20, at 3. Thus, the only issues before

the trial court on remand were whether the petition was promptly filed and

whether Appellant provided a reasonable explanation for the delay. Id. Since

the trial court found Appellant did not meet these prongs, it could not reopen

the judgment regardless of the merits of Appellant’s defense. US Bank, 982

A.2d at 995. Accordingly, we do not address Appellant’s contentions regarding

her defense.

      Order affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 02/19/2021

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