Court Opinion

ID: 5687080
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-12 15:15:17.144818+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:40:02.614099
License: Public Domain

Saxe, J.,
dissents in a memorandum as follows: My colleagues dismiss this action with the reasoning that as a matter of law, the failure to provide a radiator cover in an apartment in which young children are known to live does not create the type of hazardous condition for which a landlord may be held liable. In my view, this ruling ignores the legal duties of property owners.
Plaintiff Denise Rivera commenced this action on behalf of her son Aaron Rivera and herself, for injuries the three-year-old child allegedly sustained on October 30, 2001, when he suffered burns from contact with an uncovered radiator. Aaron was living with his parents and three siblings at 1030-40 Nelson Avenue, in the Bronx. At the time of the incident, Aaron and his brothers were playing alone in their bedroom while their mother was in the kitchen. Plaintiff heard a scream from the bedroom and when she found Aaron, he was a straddling a three-foot-high radiator. The uncovered radiator severely burned Aaron on both his legs. The child had not previously climbed on the radiator and plaintiff had previously warned the older children that the radiators were hot.
Prior to the incident, plaintiff and her husband had made numerous requests orally and in writing for radiator covers, both to plaintiffs father, Jose Rivera, the building superintendent, and to Abro Management Corp., the management company *318for the premises. However, although an order for covers was placed by Jose Rivera, the order was canceled by the building manager, Aaron Kushner, due to cost.
The lack of a specific statutory duty to furnish radiator covers does not absolve defendants of all responsibility. First of all, while a violation of a specific statute establishes negligence, and a violation of a regulation may be considered as evidence of negligence, the lack of an applicable statute does not preclude the existence of negligence founded upon a property owner’s common-law duty under Multiple Dwelling Law § 78 to maintain premises in a reasonably safe condition (see Juarez v Wavecrest Mgt. Team, 88 NY2d 628, 643 [1996]; Mas v Two Bridges Assoc., 75 NY2d 680, 687 [1990]). That a radiator was functioning as intended does not alone establish that it was safe. The question of what was reasonably safe must depend upon the particular circumstances, and presents an issue for resolution by a jury. Where defendants knew that children lived in the apartment, and that the hot, uncovered radiators presented a hazard to them, the question of whether the apartment was leased in a reasonably safe condition should not be determined as a matter of law.
The existence of a case dating from 1945 absolving a landlord from any liability where a child was burned by a hot radiator (see Bernstorff v Title Guar. & Trust Co., 269 App Div 708 [1945]) is not dispositive. Not only was there no discussion in that brief memorandum opinion of a landlord’s obligation to maintain premises in a reasonably safe condition, but there was certainly no discussion of a claim that maintaining premises in a reasonably safe condition entails providing a radiator cover. Indeed, radiator covers may not have been readily available when Bernstorff was being litigated. If they were not, the plaintiff in that case would have been unable to assert, as plaintiffs assert here, that the dangers presented to children by exposed bare metal radiators could reasonably have been rendered safe by the landlord. Accordingly, the holding of Bernstorff should not be relied upon to preclude plaintiffs contention.
While my colleagues reason that Administrative Code § 27-809, which requires accessible steam pipes in residential apartments to be covered by insulation, does not apply to radiators because “the word ‘piping’ is not usually understood to include radiators,” I see this provision as having some relevance. A steam radiator is a device formed to radiate the steam brought to it by a steam pipe; it is exactly as dangerous as a steam pipe. If an accessible steam pipe must be insulated, the issue of *319whether steam radiators warrant protective measures under appropriate circumstances should not be rejected out of hand, where they may be reasonably available. Moreover, the suggestion that a radiator cover would render a radiator ineffective is clearly inaccurate; if that were so, they would not be widely used.
The question of whether the landlord and managing agent breached their duty to their tenants involves the factual determination of what is “reasonably safe” in regard to exposed bare metal radiators in apartments with children. Accordingly, summary dismissal of plaintiffs’ claim is inappropriate.