Court Opinion

ID: 43684
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 21:59:15+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:04.014069
License: Public Domain

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

                IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                        FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                          FILED
                          ________________________                U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                    ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                        JUNE 17, 2005
                                 No. 04-15267
                                                                       THOMAS K. KAHN
                            Non-Argument Calendar                          CLERK
                         ________________________
                    Agency Nos. A95-233-111 & A95-233-112

CAROLINA MARTINEZ,
JAIRO CAICEDO,
                                                        Petitioners,

      versus

U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,

                                                        Respondent.

                          ________________________

                       Petition for Review of a Final Order
                       of the Board of Immigration Appeals
                          _________________________
                                  (June 17, 2005)

Before TJOFLAT, HULL and WILSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

      Petitioners, Carolina Martinez (“Martinez”) and Jairo Caicedo (“Caicedo”),

are a married couple and natives and citizens of Colombia, S.A. Caicedo was
admitted to the United States in October 2000 as a visitor for business. Martinez

was admitted in January 2001 as a visitor for pleasure. They did not leave the

United States as required and, instead, filed an asylum application with the

Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS”) in February 2002. The INS denied

the application and on March 22, 2002, referred Petitioners’ case to an Immigration

Judge (“IJ”) for a hearing. In an oral decision issued on June 27, 2003, the IJ found

Petitioners’ application for asylum untimely and denied it for that reason. As an

alternative ground, and as the basis for denying Petitioners’ application for

withholding of removal, the IJ found Petitioners’ testimony, specifically Martinez’s,

not sufficiently detailed, consistent or believable to provide a plausible and coherent

account of the basis of [Martinez’s] fears and thus [insufficient] to establish her

eligibility for asylum, withholding of removal, or [protection] under the Torture

Convention provisions.” 1 Petitioners appealed the IJ’s decision to the Board of

Immigration Appeals (“BIA”). On September 23, 2004, the BIA affirmed.2

       1
         The IJ articulated the “inconsistencies and implausibilities in her testimony.” The IJ
also believed that Petitioners’ actions were not those of persons fleeing persecution. For
example, neither Petitioner filed an asylum application when first arriving in the United States.
They returned to Columbia to attend Caicedo’s father’s funeral even though claiming to fear
persecution, and remained there for substantial periods of time, Caicedo for two months and
Martinez for five months.

       2
           The BIA adopted the IJ’s decision “except insofar as the [IJ] suggested that any
possible threat to [Petitioners] would not have been countrywide.” This exception is not material
to our disposition of the instant petition for review.

                                                2
Petitioners now ask us to review its decision.3 They contend that

        1) the BIA erred in denying their asylum application. An alien can apply for

asylum if the alien “demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that the

application has been filed within 1 year after the date of the alien’s arrival in the

United States.” Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”), 208(a)(2)(B), 8 U.S.C. §

1158(a)(2)(B). Even if the application is untimely, it may be considered if

        the alien demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Attorney General either
        the existence of changed circumstances which materially affect the
        applicant’s eligibility for asylum or extraordinary circumstances
        relating to the delay in filing an application within the period specified.
        ...

INA § 208(a)(2)(D), 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(D). The BIA declined to consider

Petitioners’ application because Petitioners failed to demonstrate changed or

extraordinary circumstances for its untimeliness. Petitioners challenge that ruling

here.

        2) the BIA erred in finding them ineligible for withholding of removal.

        3
          Because Petitioners’ removal proceedings commenced after April 1, 1997, the effective
date of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, Pub. L. No.
104-208, 110 Stat. 3009 (1996) (“IIRIRA”), this case is governed by the permanent provisions of
the INA, as amended by IIRIRA. See Antipova v. U.S. Attorney Gen., 392 F.3d 1259, 1264
(11th Cir. 2004). At the outset, we note that Petitioners abandoned their right to seek review of
the BIA’s determination that they failed to establish eligibility for withholding of removal under
the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment, 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(c), by not challenging that determination in their
petition. See Mendoza v. U.S. Attorney Gen., 327 F.3d 1283, 1286 n.3 (11th Cir. 2003).

                                                3
      We address Petitioners’ contentions in turn.

                                           I.

      Notwithstanding the BIA’s authority to consider an untimely asylum

application where the alien meets one of the exceptions to the one-year filing

deadline, “no court shall have jurisdiction to review any determination of the

Attorney General under section 1158(a)(2).” Mendoza v. U.S. Attorney Gen., 327

F. 3d 1283, 1286 n. 3 (11 th Cir. 2003). “Any determination” under § 1158(a)(2)

includes the BIA’s determination that an alien failed to show changed or

extraordinary circumstances to excuse an untimely filing. Mendoza, 327 F. 3d at

1287. Because Petitioners challenge to the denial of their asylum application is

based on such determination, we lack jurisdiction to consider the BIA’s decision

denying their applications.

      We consider now Petitioners’ challenge to the BIA’s decision that they are

ineligible for withholding of removal.

                                          II.

      An alien should not be removed to a country if his or her “life or freedom

would be threatened in that country because of the alien’s race, religion, nationality,

membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” See INA

§ 241(b)(3), 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3). If the alien demonstrates past persecution on

account of one or more of these factors—race, religion, nationality, membership in

                                           4
a particular social group or political opinion—he or she is presumed to have a well-

founded fear of future persecution (on such basis) unless the government rebuts the

presumption. 8 C.F.R § 208.16(b)(1)(i). If, however, the alien does not establish

such past persecution, the alien bears the burden of showing a well-founded fear of

future persecution by showing that (1) he or she fears persecution based on one or

more of the above factors; (2) there is a reasonable possibility he or she will suffer

such persecution if he or she returns to his or her country; and (3) he or she could

not avoid such persecution by relocating to another part of the country, if under all

the circumstances it would be reasonable to expect relocation. See 8 C.F.R.

§ 208.16(b)(2). If credible, the alien’s testimony “may be sufficient to sustain the

[alien’s] burden of proof without corroboration.” Mendoza, 327 F. 3d at 1287

(quoting 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(b)).

      Here, in denying withholding of removal, the BIA adopted the IJ’s decision

discrediting Petitioners’ claims (essentially Martinez’s testimony) of past

persecution. Petitioners challenge this decision. We reject their challenge because

the IJ’s, and thus the BIA’s, decision was based on substantial evidence. Moreover,

we could hardly say that a reasonable factfinder would be compelled to conclude to

the contrary.

      In this case, Petitioners produced other evidence to support their application

for withholding of removal; yet, the BIA denied the application based solely on the

                                           5
IJ’s adverse credibility determination, i.e., without any indication that it considered

such other evidence. As we have recently held, however, an “adverse credibility

determination does not alleviate the IJ’s duty to consider other evidence produced

by an alien applicant.” Forgue v. U.S. Attorney Gen., 401 F. 3d 1282, 1287 (11 th

Cir. 2005). So that the BIA may consider that evidence, we vacate its decision and

remand the case.

      PETITION DISMISSED in part, DENIED in part,4 and GRANTED in part.

       4
          We deny the petition to the extent that Petitioner’s challenge the IJ and BIA’s
credibility determinations.

                                                6