Court Opinion

ID: 2730841
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 22:08:10.963816+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:17:41.928665
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not
be regarded as precedent or cited

                                                                 FILED
before any court except for the purpose
of establishing the defense of res
judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law
                                                              Feb 22 2012, 9:39 am
of the case.

                                                                      CLERK
                                                                    of the supreme court,
                                                                    court of appeals and
                                                                           tax court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                          ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

LEONARD J. GULLOTA, II                           ELIZABETH A. BELLIN
Elkhart, Indiana                                 WILLIAM J. COHEN
                                                 Cohen Law Offices
                                                 Elkhart, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

CAROL SHOWALTER,                                 )
                                                 )
        Appellant-Petitioner,                    )
                                                 )
               vs.                               )    No. 20A03-1107-DR-332
                                                 )
DONALD SHOWALTER,                                )
                                                 )
        Appellee-Respondent.                     )

                     APPEAL FROM THE ELKHART SUPERIOR COURT
                           The Honorable Steven Bowers, Judge
                             Cause No. 20D02-0806-DR-133

                                      February 22, 2012

                MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION

BARNES, Judge
                                     Case Summary

      Carol Showalter appeals the denial of her motion to correct error challenging the

trial court’s order on various outstanding child support issues raised by Carol and her ex-

husband, Donald. We remand.

                                          Issues

      Carol raises two issues, which we restate as:

               I.    whether the trial court properly calculated Donald’s
                     parenting time credit and resulting child support
                     obligation; and

               II.   whether the trial court erroneously failed to address the
                     issue of the parties’ son’s contribution toward his post-
                     secondary education expenses.

                                           Facts

      Carol and Donald, who have four children, were divorced in 2004. In 2009, the

parties began litigating various issues related to custody and child support. Some issues

were resolved by settlement agreement and others were addressed at an evidentiary

hearing held on June 29, 2010, and July 23, 2010. At the time of the hearing, the

couples’ oldest child, Nicole, had graduated from college, their second oldest child,

Brandt, was a college student, and their youngest two children, T.S. and K.S., were in

high school.

      At the hearing, six child support worksheets were presented to the trial court and,

according to Donald’s attorney, three covered all four children and three covered only

Brandt, T.S., and K.S. The only difference between the various worksheets was the

amount of parenting time credit awarded to Donald. The various worksheets provided for

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parenting time credit calculations based on zero to fifty-one overnights, fifty-two to fifty-

five overnights, or ninety-six to 100 overnights.         All six worksheets showed an

adjustment for post-secondary education expenses, calling for an increase of Donald’s

obligation by $12.60 per week and an increase of Carol’s obligation by $14.90 per week.

       On March 10, 2011, the trial court entered an order finding Nicole was

emancipated. The order also provided in part:

              19.    Husband has exercised parenting time with [T.S.], but
              on something less than the full amount of parenting time.
              [T.S.] has been with Husband on approximately seventy (70)
              times in a one (1) year period. [K.S.] has spent the night with
              her father on February 9, 2008. Brandt has not spent nights
              with his father since college.

              20.    Husband sent a rent check to Brandt at college. Brandt
              did not cash the check immediately and by the time he did so,
              the account was closed.

              21.    When Husband was advised the check was not
              honored, he made payment to Brandt. There is no evidence
              that Husband intentionally failed to pay.

              22.   As of the hearing date, Husband is current on child
              support and college expenses.

              23.    The current child support order is one hundred and
              forty dollars ($140.00) per week.

              24.   The Court adopts the Child Support Obligation
              Worksheet number two (2) calling for Husband to pay child
              support in the sum of $192 per week.

              25.   Husband failed to pay post-secondary education
              expenses for Brandt as agreed by the parties and ordered by
              the Court.

              26.  Wife has incurred attorney fees in bringing her Rule to
              Show Cause.

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              Based on the foregoing findings, the Court now ORDERS:

                     That the Husband’s child support obligation be
              modified to $175 per week retroactive to April 27, 2009.
              This support order is further based upon the child support
              obligation worksheets submitted by the parties, blended to
              account for the fact that the children spend varying amounts
              of time with their parents. . . .

App. pp. 62-63. Child Support Obligation Worksheet number 2 was based on Donald

receiving parenting time credit in the amount of $24.95 per week for fifty-two to fifty-

five overnights.

       On April 8, 2011, Carol filed a motion to correct error challenging the trial court’s

calculation of child support and the trial court’s failure to address Brandt’s contribution

toward his post-secondary education expenses. A hearing on the motion was held on

May 13, 2011. On July 8, 2011, after the motion to correct error was deemed denied,

Carol filed her notice of appeal.

                                           Analysis

                                    I. Parenting Time Credit

       Carol argues that the trial court improperly awarded Donald parenting time credit

for fifty-two to fifty-five overnights and reduced his child support obligation from

$192.00 to $175.00 after finding that only one child had visited with Donald

approximately seventy times.           “A trial court’s calculation of child support is

presumptively valid.” Young v. Young, 891 N.E.2d 1045, 1047 (Ind. 2008). “We will

reverse a trial court’s decision in child support matters only if it is clearly erroneous or

contrary to law.” Id. (citing Ind. Trial Rule 52(A)). A decision is clearly erroneous if it

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is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the trial court.

Id. In reviewing a trial court’s formal findings, we are not at liberty simply to determine

whether the facts and circumstances contained in the record support the judgment. Id.

Rather, the evidence must support the findings made by the trial court and the findings in

turn must support the judgment. Id. If the findings and conclusions entered by the trial

court, even when construed most favorably toward the judgment, are clearly inconsistent

with it, the decision must be set aside regardless of whether there was evidence adduced

at trial that would have been sufficient to sustain the decision. Id.

       “Because calculating the amount of financial burden alleviated by an overnight

visit is difficult, the guidelines provide a standardized parenting time credit formula.” Id.

at 1048. “[I]f after calculating the noncustodial parent’s child support obligation the

court concludes that in a particular case application of the guideline amount would be

unreasonable, unjust, or inappropriate, the court may deviate from that amount by

entering a written finding articulating the factual circumstances supporting that

conclusion.” Id. (citing Ind. Child Support Rule 3); see also Ind. Child Support Guideline

6 cmt. (“If the court determines it is necessary to deviate from the parenting time credit, it

shall state its reasons in the order.”).

       “According to the Indiana Child Support Guidelines, parenting time credit begins

at fifty-two overnights annually.” Hartley v. Hartley, 862 N.E.2d 274, 286 (Ind. Ct. App.

2007) (citing Child Supp. G. 6). If a parent has fewer than fifty-two overnights annually,

then that parent is not entitled to a parenting time credit. Id. “The Child Support

Guidelines offer no direction for calculating parenting time credit when a parent spends

                                              5
overnights with fewer than all of his children.” Id.; see also In re Marriage of Blanford,

937 N.E.2d 356, 361 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (“[T]he Guidelines presume that each child

will have the same number of overnight stays with the non-custodial parent.”).

       Here, the trial court found that Donald had seventy overnights with T.S. in a one

year period, had no overnights with K.S. since February 9, 2008, and had no overnights

with Brandt since he started college. The trial court adopted Child Support Obligation

Worksheet number 2, which included a parenting time credit for Donald in the amount of

$24.95 for fifty-two to fifty-five overnights and called for Donald to pay child support in

the amount of $192.00 per week. The trial court then modified Donald’s child support

obligation to $175.00 per week, explaining, “This support order is further based upon the

child support obligation worksheets submitted by the parties, blended to account for the

fact that the children spend varying amounts of time with their parents.” App. p. 63.

       Donald appears to argue that the trial court’s decision can be affirmed because he

was available for overnight visitations with K.S. and because he had additional non-

overnight visits with T.S. Although it may have been permissible for the trial court to

consider these factors, the trial court did not enter findings explaining that it had taken

these factors into account in calculating Donald’s parenting time credit. In the absence of

such findings, we cannot affirm the trial court’s child support obligation on those bases.

       Donald also argues that two children having fifty-two overnights is the

mathematical equivalent of one child having seventy overnights for purposes of parenting

time credit. Even assuming that it is appropriate to compare the parenting time credit in

                                             6
this manner, Donald’s argument does not account for the trial court’s further reduction of

his child support obligation from $192.00 to $175.00 per week.

      Simply put, we cannot reconcile the trial court’s finding that Donald had a total of

seventy overnights with one of his three children, its finding that it was adopting Child

Support Obligation Worksheet number 2, which called for Donald to pay $192.00 per

week in child support based on fifty-two to fifty-five overnights, and the portion of its

order further reducing Donald’s support obligation to $175.00 based on the blending of

the various worksheets, which were based on different numbers of overnights. Contrary

to Donald’s assertion, the trial court’s order does not sufficiently explain its parenting

time credit calculation. Accordingly, we remand for the trial court to specifically explain

its reasons for calculating Donald’s child support obligation of $175 per week, including

the number of overnights for each child for which Donald is entitled to parenting time

credit. If it is necessary to recalculate Donald’s child support obligation, any such

recalculation also should be supported by a specific explanation.

           II. Brandt’s Contribution to Post-Secondary Education Expenses

      Apparently, the parties had previously agreed that Brandt would pay the first 25%

of his post-secondary education expenses and that they would proportionally split the

remaining expenses. Brandt receives a scholarship of $4,000.00 per semester through a

ROTC program. Brandt must repay the scholarship if he does not complete four and half

years in the Marines after graduating. At the hearing, Carol argued that these benefits

should count toward Brandt’s 25% contribution.          Donald argued that the ROTC

scholarship should not count toward Brandt’s 25% contribution and that Brandt should be

                                            7
responsible for the first 25% of any expenses not covered by the ROTC scholarship.

Although the trial court addressed another issue related to Brandt’s post-secondary

education expenses, it did not address this issue.

       On appeal, Donald argues, “Since the money provided by the ROTC did not have

to be paid back so long as Brandt commits to the Marines, both parents and Brandt

benefit from this form of scholarship.” Appellee’s Br. p. 10. According to Donald, it is

therefore unnecessary to modify the post-secondary education worksheet. In making this

argument, Donald relies on Indiana Child Support Guideline 8(b), which provides in part:

              If the court determines that an award of post-secondary
              educational expenses is appropriate, it should apportion the
              expenses between the parents and the child, taking into
              consideration the incomes and overall financial condition of
              the parents and the child, education gifts, education trust
              funds, and any other education savings program. The court
              should also take into consideration scholarships, grants,
              student loans, summer and school year employment and other
              cost-reducing programs available to the student. These latter
              sources of assistance should be credited to the child’s share of
              the education expense unless the court determines that it
              should credit a portion of any scholarships, grants and loans
              to either or both parents’ share(s) of the education expense.

(Emphasis added.)     Apparently referring to the reduction from $192.00 to $175.00,

Donald goes on to argue that the trial court properly adjusted both parent’s child support

obligation as a result of the scholarship Brandt receives.

       Even assuming this was the trial court’s intention, its order is not clear, and we

remand for the trial to address this issue. On remand, in the absence of a determination

by the trial court that Carol and Donald should be credited for a portion of the ROTC

                                              8
scholarship, the ROTC scholarship should be credited toward Brandt’s share of education

expenses.

                                      Conclusion

      We remand for the trial court to explain its calculation of the parenting time credit

and, if necessary, to recalculate the parenting time credit and Donald’s child support

obligation. We also remand for the trial court to address the issue of whether Brandt’s

participation in ROTC should be credited toward his share of post-secondary education

expenses.

      Remanded.

KIRSCH, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.

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