Court Opinion

ID: 4493883
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-01-22 10:04:55.026783+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:33:38.051256
License: Public Domain

If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                 revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.

                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS

TOWNSHIP OF FRASER,                                                  FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                     January 21, 2020
               Plaintiff-Appellee,                                   9:15 a.m.

v                                                                    No. 337842
                                                                     Bay Circuit Court
HARVEY HANEY and RUTH ANN HANEY,                                     LC No. 16-003272-CH

               Defendants-Appellants.

                                          ON REMAND

Before: SWARTZLE, P.J., and SAWYER and RONAYNE KRAUSE, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

       This matter is again before us, now on remand from the Supreme Court. We again
reverse the decision of the trial court and remand for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion.

       In our original opinion, we concluded that the trial court erred in denying defendants’
motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(7) (claim barred by statute of limitations).
Twp of Fraser v Haney, 327 Mich. App. 1, 3; 932 NW2d 239 (2019). The trial court had
concluded that, because it was an action in rem, the statute of limitations did not apply. We
disagreed and remanded the matter to allow defendants to raise the defense. Id. Thereafter, the
Supreme Court vacated this Court’s judgment and remanded the case to this Court “to address
whether the published opinion in this case is consistent with the published opinion in Baker v
Marshall, 323 Mich. App. 590[; 919 NW2d 407] (2018).” Fraser Twp v Haney, ___ Mich ___;
933 NW2d 42 (2019). We then permitted the parties to file supplemental briefs on remand.
After due consideration, we conclude that our original opinion is consistent with this Court’s
opinion in Baker.

        In Baker, the defendant asserted numerous affirmative defenses, but not one of fraud.
Baker, 323 Mich. App. at 593. Rather, fraud was raised for the first time in a motion for summary
disposition, which the trial court granted. Id. On appeal, the plaintiff argued that the trial court
erred in granting summary disposition on the basis of fraud because the defense was waived by
the failure to raise it as an affirmative defense. 323 Mich. App. at 594-595. The Baker Court
ultimately concluded that “[b]ecause the fraud defense is an affirmative defense, the failure to
raise it constitutes a waiver of that defense.” Id. at 598.

        There is a crucial distinction between Baker and the present case. In Baker, when the
issue of the plaintiff’s fraud was raised in the motion for summary disposition, the plaintiff
argued that the fraud defense was waived because it had not been pled as an affirmative defense
as required by MCR 2.111(F). In the present case, when defendants moved for summary
disposition on the basis of the statute of limitations, plaintiff did not argue that defendants had
waived the statute-of-limitations defense. It was only after defendants filed their appeal that
plaintiff claimed that defendants had waived the statute-of-limitations defense because the
defense was not raised in defendants’ responsive pleading. Fraser Twp, 327 Mich. App. at 6-7.
Because of this distinction, we conclude that our published opinion in this case is consistent with
Baker.

        MCR 2.111(F)(3) provides: “Affirmative defenses must be stated in a party’s responsive
pleading, either as originally filed or as amended in accordance with MCR 2.118” (emphasis
added). “When issues not raised by the pleadings are tried by express or implied consent of the
parties, they are treated as if they had been raised by the pleadings.” MCR 2.118(C)(1). In
Baker, because the plaintiff argued when she responded to the motion for summary disposition
that the fraud defense had been waived, the plaintiff did not expressly or impliedly consent to try
the fraud issue. In contrast, in our case, because plaintiff responded to the merits of defendants’
claim that its request for injunctive relief was barred by the six-year limitations period of MCL
600.5813, without claiming that defendants had waived the statute-of-limitations defense,
plaintiff impliedly tried the statute-of-limitations defense. Fraser, 327 Mich. App. at 6-7.
Although defendants did not raise the statute of limitations in their responsive pleading, because
the statute-of-limitations defense was tried by the express or implied consent of the parties, the
defense is treated as if it had been raised by the pleadings. MCR 2.118(C)(1). Additionally, we
note that, because MCR 2.117(F)(3) permits an affirmative defense to be raised by way of
amendment, it cannot be concluded that failure to initially raise it in the affirmative defenses
forever bars it from being raised.

        Finally, we briefly address a point raised in plaintiff’s supplemental brief on remand.
Plaintiff suggests that it is excused from raising the issue precisely because the trial court chose
to address it. In its brief, plaintiff argues as follows:

              Since the Court decided to hear the Motion, Plaintiff’s Counsel did not
       have much choice other than to participate. Telling the Circuit Judge “Gee Judge
       you should not be hearing this Motion so I am leaving…” [w]ould be
       disrespectful, stupid, and likely to encourage the Circuit Judge to hold Counsel in
       contempt. That seems to be what Appellant is saying should have been done.
       Easy for them to say.

We would agree that walking out of the courtroom in the middle of the motion hearing would
indeed be disrespectful and stupid, and possibly lead to a finding of contempt. But the same
could not be said of raising the argument that the issue of the statute of limitations was not
properly before the trial court. Plaintiff could, respectfully, raise the argument that defendants
had not properly pled the defense. Indeed, it is an argument that plaintiff could well have put in

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its response to the motion for summary disposition and led with at the motion hearing. 1 If the
trial court chose to address the issue anyway, then plaintiff could continue with the hearing and
raise the issue again on appeal if necessary, this time having properly preserved the argument
rather than waive it.2

       For these reasons, we conclude that our original opinion was consistent with Baker and
we reaffirm our original opinion.

       The matter is again reversed and remanded to the trial court for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion and our original opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction. Defendants
may tax costs.

                                                            /s/ Brock A. Swartzle
                                                            /s/ David H. Sawyer
                                                            /s/ Amy Ronayne Krause

1
  Not only did plaintiff first raise this issue on appeal to this Court, it did not raise it in its
application to the Supreme Court, nor did it raise any issue regarding a conflict with the decision
in Baker. Rather, the Supreme Court sua sponte raised the issue.
2
  Conversely, a party is generally not obligated to specifically preserve an objection to an issue
raised sua sponte by a court. See MCR 2.517(A)(7); In re Gach, 315 Mich. App. 83, 97; 889
NW2d 707 (2016).

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