Court Opinion

ID: 3150153
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-28 15:04:42.883491+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:49:56.417726
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 14-1803
                            Filed October 28, 2015

CITY OF BURLINGTON, IOWA,
      Petitioner-Appellee,

vs.

SUSAN RHODES as Trustee of the MARJORIE G.
STOIKOVIC TRUST Dated October 10, 2005; et al,
     Respondents,

and

BANK OF AMERICA,
     Respondent-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Des Moines County, Cynthia H.

Danielson, Judge.

       A bank appeals the district court’s denial of its motion to set aside a

default judgment. AFFIRMED.

       Jason D. Bahnsen of SouthLaw, P.C., West Des Moines, for appellant.

       W. Scott Power of Aspelmeier, Fisch, Power, Engberg & Helling, P.L.C.,

Burlington, for appellee.

       Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Doyle and Tabor, JJ.
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VOGEL, Presiding Judge.

       The property in question was owned by Marjorie Stoikovic, who died on

April 9, 2011. Marjorie had executed a note and mortgage on her property in

favor of Bank of America (the Bank) in 2009. When she died, the property fell

into disrepair, and the City of Burlington (the City) received numerous complaints

about the condition of the property from neighbors.         After posting signs and

completing necessary maintenance, the City filed a Petition to Award Title to

Abandoned Property on December 18, 2013, and served the appropriate parties.

When no party answered the petition, the court granted the City title to the

property. The Bank filed a motion to set aside the default judgment, which the

district court denied after finding no good cause existed based on the Bank’s

assertion of excusable neglect. The Bank appeals the district court’s denial of its

motion to set aside a default judgment in favor of the City.

I. Motion to Dismiss Appeal.

       As an initial matter, the City maintains that this appeal should be

dismissed because the Bank did not timely file the notice of appeal. The district

court’s order awarding title of the property to the City was filed May 12, 2014.

Sixty days later, the Bank filed its motion to set aside the default. See Iowa R.

Civ. P. 1.977 (requiring a motion to set aside a default judgment to be filed no

more than sixty days after entry of the judgment). The court held a hearing on

the motion to set aside and denied it on August 26, 2014. Thereafter, the Bank

filed a “Combined Motion to Enlarge Findings and Motion to Vacate Judgement”

on September 5, 2014. See Iowa Rs. Civ. P. 1.904(2) (requiring a motion to

enlarge be filed within the time for filing a motion for a new trial), 1.1007 (noting a
                                           3

motion for a new trial must be filed within fifteen days of the filing of the decision).

After the court denied this motion on September 30, the Bank filed its notice of

appeal on October 29, 2014. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.101(1)(b) (requiring a notice

of appeal to be filed within thirty days after the filing of a ruling on a motion to

enlarge or amend).

       The notice of appeal was filed within thirty days of the court’s denial of the

1.904(2) motion; however, only a timely and procedurally proper motion under

rule 1.904(2) extends the deadline for filing a notice of appeal to thirty days after

the ruling on the motion. See McKee v. Isle of Capri Casinos, Inc., 864 N.W.2d
518, 525 (Iowa 2015). If the motion in this case was improper, it fails to toll the

time for filing the notice of appeal and deprives this court of subject matter

jurisdiction. See id.

       The district court denied the 1.904(2) motion finding the motion did not

present unresolved issues but was “merely the same issues with new labels, new

evidence, and new legal theories.” The court noted it fully addressed the original

two claims that were made in the motion to set aside the default judgment based

on the evidence presented and the Bank was attempting to reargue those points

in the 1.904(2) motion by “presenting new evidence that was not submitted at the

original hearing” including almost forty pages of new exhibits. In addition, the

Bank presented new legal claims attacking the default judgment and

abandonment decree that were not previously made at the original hearing on

the motion to set aside. The court found no claim in the 1.904(2) motion that

indicated the court failed to address a previously presented argument in its

decision on the motion to set aside; instead, the court determined it was simply
                                         4

“an attempt to retry the issues originally presented based on new evidence that it

now wishes to submit.” The court stated that if the Bank disagreed with the

court’s application of the facts to the law, the appropriate remedy was an appeal.

         The purpose of filing a 1.904(2) motion is “to advise counsel and the

appellate court of the basis of the trial court’s decision in order that counsel may

direct his attack upon specific adverse findings or rulings in the event of an

appeal.” Johnson v. Kaster, 637 N.W.2d 174, 182 (Iowa 2001). Motions under

rule 1.904(2) “are permitted so that courts may enlarge or modify findings based

on evidence already in the record. They are not vehicles for parties to retry

issues based on new facts.” In re Marriage of Bolick, 539 N.W.2d 357, 361 (Iowa

1995).    A motion under rule 1.904(2) may concern factual disputes or legal

conclusions, but it should not amount “to no more than a rehash of legal issues

raised and decided adversely” to the party. Explore Info. Servs. v. Ct. Info. Sys.,

636 N.W.2d 50, 57 (Iowa 2001). After reviewing the 1.904(2) motion, we tend to

agree with the district court and the City that the motion was mainly an attempt to

introduce new evidence and new legal theories not previously submitted, and an

attempt to “rehash” the legal arguments the court had already addressed and

rejected. However, we determine the 1.904(2) motion was proper in this case in

light of the Bank’s claims that the court incorrectly interpreted a lien satisfaction

document filed in the probate action to affect the Bank’s interest in the property in

question. See McKee, 864 N.W.2d at 526 (noting that while a claim made in a

1.904(2) motion may be improper, the motion will still toll the appeal deadline if

the motion also had a proper purpose). With a tendril of an argument saving the
                                          5

motion, we find we do have jurisdiction to proceed with the appeal. We deny the

City’s motion to dismiss and address the merits of the appeal.

II. Motion to Set Aside Default Judgment.

       The Bank claims the district court abused its discretion when it refused to

set aside the default judgment based on “excusable neglect.” See Iowa R. Civ.

P. 1.977. The Bank contends the court failed to acknowledge that the City made

a mistake when it served the petition to award title and original notice via certified

mail to an address in Arizona that was listed on the mortgage document, instead

of sending it to the Bank’s registered agent in Iowa or to its home office address

in North Carolina. The Bank contends this alleged misdirection of the petition

resulted in a delay notifying the Bank “through the proper channels” in the Bank’s

organization as to the existence of the action. The Bank also maintains that the

district court incorrectly determined it did not intend to defend the action or take

steps to do so when the district court relied on a release of lien the Bank filed in

the probate case. The Bank asserts that release dealt with a credit card account

of the decedent and not the mortgage.

       “In ruling on a motion to set aside a default judgment, the district court is

vested with broad discretion and will only be reversed if that discretion is abused.

We are bound by the district court’s factual findings if supported by substantial

evidence.”   Sheeder v. Boyette, 764 N.W.2d 778, 780 (Iowa Ct. App. 2009)

(citations omitted).   We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the

district court’s ruling. Cent. Nat’l Ins. Co. of Omaha v. Ins. Co. of N. Am., 513
N.W.2d 750, 753 (Iowa 1994).
                                            6

       Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.977 provides, “On motion and for good

cause shown, and upon such terms as the court prescribes, but not ex parte, the

court may set aside a default or the judgment thereon, for mistake, inadvertence,

surprise, excusable neglect or unavoidable casualty.” It is the Bank’s burden to

prove good cause, and we are more reluctant to interfere with the court’s grant of

the motion to set aside rather than its denial. See Brandenburg v. Feterl Mfg.

Co., 603 N.W.2d 580, 584 (Iowa 1999). The court focuses on four factors when

determining whether there is excusable neglect constituting good cause:

       First, did the defaulting party actually intend to defend? Whether
       the party moved promptly to set aside the default is significant on
       this point. Second, does the defaulting party assert a claim or
       defense in good faith? Third, did the defaulting party willfully ignore
       or defy the rules of procedure or was the default simply the result of
       a mistake? Last, whether relief is warranted should not depend on
       who made the mistake.

Id. at 585 (citation omitted).

       In ruling on the motion to set aside, the district court enumerated these

factors and addressed each one. The court noted the Bank failed to mention a

specific defense to the merits of the City’s action, and the Bank took no action to

protect or maintain the property for over two years following Marjorie’s death.

This indicated to the court that the Bank did not intend to preserve its interest in

the property or enforce its rights. In addition, the Bank designated the Arizona

address in the loan and mortgage documents as the address where notices

should be sent,1 and there was no evidence presented that employees at the

1
   Paragraph 16 of the mortgage instrument contained this provision under “Notices”:
“Any notice to Lender shall be given by first class mail to Lender’s address stated herein
. . . .” The Arizona address was shown at the top of the document, as the place where
the mortgage was prepared.
                                         7

Arizona address did not receive the notice that was sent or did not follow

corporate procedures to notify appropriate individuals in the company. The court

concluded,

                 Any confusion or delay in this matter was due to Bank of
       America’s apparent failure to have systems in place to monitor
       individuals and organizations authorized to act on their behalf
       pursuant to the authority granted. The unsubstantiated breakdown
       of communication between Bank of America and its myriad of
       offices, agents, and contractors does not constitute excusable
       neglect.
                 ....
                 Also contrary to its claims, Bank of America has expended
       little, if any resources “managing and maintaining the property.”
       Bank of America’s attempt to insulate itself from responsibility in
       this case by employing a variety of “servicers” in numerous states
       does not justify its disregard of its legal obligations. . . . Hiring
       various businesses or agencies to assume the Bank’s responsibility
       for maintaining and preserving real estate property without some
       form of oversight is not a mistake or oversight.

The court also noted the prejudice to the City if the motion was granted in light of

the fact the City had been burdened with this property for three years and will

suffer if the case is subject to further delay. The court ultimately concluded the

Bank did not demonstrate “good cause” for the delay to justify setting aside the

default judgment.

       The evidence the Bank asserts on appeal in support of its claim that it did

take steps to maintain and protect the property was not presented to the court

during the hearing on the motion to set aside and only came to the court’s

attention in the 1.904(2) motion, at a time when the evidence could not be

considered. See Bolick, 539 N.W.2d at 361 (noting 1.904(2) motions “are not

vehicles for parties to retry issues based on new facts”). There was no evidence

of what happened to the notice that was delivered to the Arizona office, an
                                          8

address the Bank placed on its mortgage and note documents as the address for

notices to be sent. In addition, notices were placed on the house itself, and

pictures of the house the Bank submitted as proof that it was maintaining the

property show the City’s notices on the door.        This indicates that the Bank,

through its agents and servicers, did not take proper steps to protect its rights

and interests in the property. Finally, the Bank waited until the sixtieth day to file

its motion to set aside the default. See Brandenburg, 603 N.W.2d at 584 (noting

that how promptly a party moves to set aside a default is significant on the factor

of whether the party actually intended to defend).

       We find no abuse of discretion in the district court’s denial of the Bank’s

motion to set aside the default judgment.

       AFFIRMED.