Court Opinion

ID: 9889797
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-11 17:07:24.776966+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:48:59.241946
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 22-1106
                             Filed October 11, 2023

STATE OF IOWA,
     Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

OLYMPIA RACHELLE COOKS,
     Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Scott County, Tamra Roberts, Judge.

      The defendant appeals her conviction of willful injury causing serious injury.

AFFIRMED.

      Martha J. Lucey, State Appellate Defender, and Ashley Stewart, Assistant

Appellate Defender, for appellant.

      Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Thomas J. Ogden, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee.

      Considered by Tabor, P.J., Badding, J., and Blane, S.J.*

      *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206

(2023).
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BLANE, Senior Judge.

          Olympia Cooks appeals the jury verdict finding her guilty of willful injury

causing serious injury in violation of Iowa Code section 708.4(1) (2020). She

contends the State failed to establish that she had the specific intent to cause

serious bodily injury. Because substantial evidence supports the jury’s verdict, we

affirm.

          I.    Background facts and proceedings.

          On August 22, 2020, Julia Hoskinson and a friend, Devina Henderson, were

attending a backyard party in Davenport. Also there were Denise Cooks and her

mother, Olympia.1 Hoskinson did not get along with Denise because Denise was

in a relationship with a man Hoskinson had previously dated. But Hoskinson had

no prior problems with Olympia. After a short period, Hoskinson and Henderson

felt uneasy, decided to leave the party, and exited through a back gate. As they

walked toward Hoskinson’s vehicle, Olympia came running “forcefully” at

Hoskinson. Swinging a crow bar or tire iron, she struck Hoskinson six or seven

times in the head and wrist. Hoskinson went to the hospital where she was treated

for six head lacerations and a fractured wrist that required her to wear a cast for

six to eight weeks. The head wounds resulted in loss of feeling due to nerve

damage.

          The State charged Olympia with willful injury causing serious injury, in

violation of Iowa Code section 708.4(1). The case went to jury trial. At the close

of the State’s evidence, Olympia moved for a judgment of acquittal and directed

1 Because she shares a last name with Denise, we will refer to the defendant as

Olympia. We also refer to Denise by her first name to avoid confusion.
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verdict, arguing 1) lack of evidence of specific intent to inflict a serious injury and

2) that Hoskinson did not sustain a serious injury.2 The trial court denied the

motions. The jury returned a guilty verdict as charged. The court sentenced

Olympia to ten years imprisonment. She appeals.

         II.    Standard of Review.

                 “We review the sufficiency of the evidence for correction of
         errors at law.” In conducting that review, we are highly deferential to
         the jury’s verdict. The jury’s verdict binds this court if the verdict is
         supported by substantial evidence. Substantial evidence is evidence
         sufficient to convince a rational trier of fact the defendant is guilty
         beyond a reasonable doubt. In determining whether the jury’s verdict
         is supported by substantial evidence, we view the evidence in the
         light most favorable to the State, including all “legitimate inferences
         and presumptions that may fairly and reasonably be deduced from
         the record evidence.”

State v. Crawford, 972 N.W.2d 189, 202 (Iowa 2022) (citations omitted).

         III.   Discussion.

         The court instructed the jury that to find Olympia guilty of willful injury

causing serious injury, the State had to prove the following beyond a reasonable

doubt:

                 1. On or about the 22nd day of August, 2020, the defendant
         assaulted Julia Hoskinson with a crowbar/tire iron.
                 2. The defendant specifically intended to cause a serious
         injury to Julia Hoskinson.
                 3. The defendant’s acts caused a serious injury to Julia
         Hoskinson.

Additionally, the court instructed on specific intent:

                 “Specific intent” means not only being aware of doing an act
         and doing it voluntarily, but in addition, doing it with a specific
         purpose in mind. Because determining the defendant’s specific
         intent requires you to decide what he or she was thinking when an
         act was done, it is seldom capable of direct proof. Therefore, you

2 In this appeal, Olympia has not pursued the lack-of-serious-injury argument.
                                          4

        should consider the facts and circumstances surrounding the act to
        determine the defendant’s specific intent. You may, but are not
        required to, conclude a person intends the natural results of his or
        her acts.

        Olympia’s sole contention is that the State failed to establish she had the

specific intent to cause serious bodily injury to Hoskinson. In support of her

contention, Olympia argues the State presented no evidence that she wanted to

seriously injure Hoskinson. Further, she maintains that there was no proof of her

intent to strike any particular body part. Olympia also points to the fact that there

was no proof of animosity between her and Hoskinson.

        A panel of our court recently addressed a very similar set of facts involving

the same charge of willful injury causing serious injury and the identical appeal

point—that the State failed to prove specific intent. See State v. White, No. 22-

0599, 2023 WL 2396375, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 8, 2023). In that case, the

defendant had charged at the victim and hit him in the head with a baseball bat.

Id. The defendant asserted the lack of evidence of his specific intent. Our court

stated:

        We presume that a defendant intends the necessary, natural, and
        probable consequences of an unlawful act. Probable consequences
        are those that a person “standing in like circumstances and
        possessing like knowledge should reasonably expect to result from
        any act which is knowingly done.” A person in White’s position would
        reasonably expect that swinging a baseball bat at a person’s skull as
        one swings at a baseball would result in serious injury, so the jury
        could infer that White intended to cause serious injury.

Id. at *2.

        We need not elaborate more on the law regarding proof of intent. As the

jury instruction advised, and it is well established in our law, intent is seldom

capable of direct proof and the jury may look at the facts and circumstances
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surrounding the act. Aggressively swinging an object—whether it be a baseball

bat, crow bar, or tire iron—at a person so as to strike them in the head six times or

hitting with such force as to break bones in the wrist is evidence that would

convince a reasonable jury of a person’s intent to inflict serious injury. The State

presented sufficient evidence.

       AFFIRMED.