Court Opinion

ID: 4239815
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-01-26 22:30:50.268687+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:16:30.801729
License: Public Domain

ACCEPTED
                                                                             12-17-00150-cv
                                                                TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                             TYLER, TEXAS
                                                                         1/24/2018 11:33 AM
                                                                                  Pam Estes
                                                                                     CLERK

                 No. 12-17-00150-CV                       FILED IN
__________________________________________________________
                                                   12th COURT OF APPEALS
                                                         TYLER, TEXAS
         In the Twelfth Court of Appeals            1/24/2018 11:33:43 AM
                                                           PAM ESTES
                 Tyler, Texas                                Clerk
__________________________________________________________

                      Rodney Beasley,
                               Appellant
                              v.
       Farmers Texas County Mutual Insurance
                     Company,
                          Appellee
__________________________________________________________

              Appellant’s Reply Brief
 _____________________________________________

Gregory D. Smith                   W. Perry Zively, Jr.
Nolan Smith                        CHANDLER, MATHIS & ZIVLEY, P.C.
SMITH LEGAL, PLLC                  601 Sawyer St., Suite 600
110 N. College Ave., Suite 1120    Houston, Texas 77007
Tyler, TX 75702                    Telephone: (713) 739-7722
Telephone: (903) 630-7165          Facsimile: (713) 739-0922
Facsimile: (903) 609-3077          pzivley@cmzlaw.net
greg@smithlegaltx.com

Ronald S. Vickery                  L. Boyd Smith Jr.
VICKERY LAW FIRM                   THE BOYD SMITH LAW FIRM, PLLC
210 S. Broadway, Suite 230         601 Sawyer St., Suite 600
Tyler, Texas 75702                 Houston, TX 77007
Telephone: (903) 504-5490          Telephone: (713) 343-8899
Facsimile: (903) 787-7540          Facsimile: (713) 343-9265
ron@vickerylawfirm.com             bsmith@boydsmithlaw.com

                ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
                                                              Contents

Authorities ............................................................................................................................... ii
The Reply Argument .............................................................................................................. 1
     1.         Farmers misperceives the law of standing and the plea-to-the-
                 jurisdiction device. .............................................................................................. 1
     2.         Farmers mischaracterizes the case and the issues. ........................................... 5
             A. Forth does not let Farmers ignore Beasley’s allegation of
                injury, whether for purposes of jurisdiction or the merits.......................... 6
             B. The PIP statute required Farmers to compute and pay
                Beasley’s PIP benefit without regard to Blue Cross or its
                actions................................................................................................................ 8
             C. Haygood v. De Escabedo does not support Farmers’s attempts
                to take a forbidden regard of Blue Cross. ................................................... 10
             D. Farmers’s policy language cannot circumvent the PIP
                statute’s prohibitions. .................................................................................... 11
     3.         “Collateral source” does not mean what Farmers claims, but
                 favors Beasley. ................................................................................................... 12
     4.         Section 41.0105 does not apply, period. .......................................................... 13
Conclusion and Prayer ......................................................................................................... 15
Certificate of Service ............................................................................................................ 16
Certificate of Compliance .................................................................................................... 16

                                                                      i
                                                         Authorities

Cases
Ab-Tex Beverage v. Angelo State Univ., 96 S.W.3d 683
      (Tex. App.—Austin 2003, no pet.) .......................................................2

Allstate Indemnity Company v. Forth, 204 S.W.3d 795
        (Tex. 2006) ...............................................................................................3, 6 - 8

Askenase v. Maddox, 1992 Tex. App. LEXIS 3337
      (Tex. App.—Dallas 1992, no writ) .......................................................2

Casso v. Brand, 776 S.W.2d 551
       (Tex. 1989) ...............................................................................................5

Haygood v. De Escabedo, 356 S.W.3d 390
      (Tex. 2011) ...............................................................................................10 - 13

HealthSouth Med. Ctr. v. Employers Ins. Co., 232 S.W.3d 828
      (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied) .................................................2

M. D. Anderson Cancer Ctr. v. Novak, 52 S.W.3d 704
      (Tex. 2001) ..............................................................................................3

Mid-Century Ins. Co. v. Kidd, 997 S.W.2d 265
      (Tex. 1999) ...............................................................................................11

Mission Consol. Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Garcia, 372 S.W.3d 629
       (Tex. 2012) ...............................................................................................3, 4

Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Hudson Energy Co., 811 S.W.2d 552
       (Tex. 1991) ...............................................................................................12

Okland v. Travelocity.com, Inc., 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 4646
      (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2009, pet. denied)........................................2

Russell v. Saffold, 225 S.W. 281
        (Tex. Civ. App.—Austin 1920, no writ)...............................................2
                                                                  ii
Texas Ass’n of Business v. Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440
      (Tex. 1993) ...............................................................................................2, 7

Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217
      (Tex. 2004) ...............................................................................................4

Texas Nat. Res. Conservation Comm’n v. IT-Davy, 74 S.W.3d 849
      (Tex. 2002) ...............................................................................................2

Vee Bar, Ltd. v. BP Amoco Corp., 361 S.W.3d 128
      (Tex. App.-El Paso 2011, no pet.) ........................................................3

Weslaco Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Perez, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 9259
       (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2013, no pet.) .........................................2

Statutes
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 41.0105 .......................................................10, 13 - 15
TEX. INS. CODE ANN. § 1952.151 ....................................................................12
TEX. INS. CODE ANN. § 1952.155 ....................................................................8 - 11

                                                                 iii
                                  The Reply Argument

       Farmers’s positions do not begin to support the trial court’s dismissal order.

1.     Farmers misperceives the law of standing and the plea-to-the-
       jurisdiction device.

       This case, a dispute over opposing legal interpretations of an insurance policy

and a statute, presents no arguable basis for the trial court’s grant of dismissal upon a

jurisdictional plea. Farmers does not claim any immunity from suit. It does not argue

that the types of claims Beasley raises (i.e., contract breach and statutory violations) fall

outside the district court’s subject-matter jurisdiction or contend the amount in

controversy exceeded the jurisdiction limit. In fact, Farmers does not argue any

recognized basis for a jurisdictional plea. Instead, it posits that the courthose should be

closed to Beasley simply because he has advanced contractual and statutory

interpretations Farmers opposes. That kind of disagreement does not begin to impugn

Beasley’s standing or the trial court’s jurisdiction. Just the opposite: it is the hallmark of

all justiciable controversies.

       Farmers has not cited any authority endorsing its odd and circular view of

standing, under which a bona fide dispute over a contract’s interpretation robs the

courts of jurisdiction to adjudge that dispute. And try as we might, we have identified

nothing close to any such authority. Instead, the cases involving successful pleas to the

jurisdiction all clearly have concerned time-honored grounds negating jurisdiction,

including:

                                              1
   • sovereign immunity from suit: e.g., Texas Nat. Res. Conservation Comm’n v. IT-
     Davy, 74 S.W.3d 849, 851 (Tex. 2002) (sovereign immunity, which protects the
     state from lawsuits for money damages, barred general contractor from suing the
     TNRCC for breach of construction contract);

   • exclusive jurisdiction in another adjudicative body: e.g., HealthSouth Med. Ctr.
     v. Employers Ins. Co., 232 S.W.3d 828 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied)
     (exclusive jurisdiction over workers’ compensation matter lay in the Division of
     Worker’s Compensation of the Texas Department of Insurance);

   • the suit solely seeks relief that the court lacks jurisdiction to award: e.g.,
     Askenase v. Maddox, 1992 Tex. App. LEXIS 3337 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1992, no
     writ) (Texas courts would be without jurisdiction of suit solely seeking
     adjudication of title to real property lying in another state);

   • failure to exhaust required administrative remedies: e.g., Weslaco Indep. Sch.
     Dist. v. Perez, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 9259 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2013, no
     pet.) (plea to jurisdiction granted where Commissioner of Education had sole
     authority and exclusive jurisdiction to make initial determination of educational
     employment matter);

   • an amount in controversy beyond the court’s jurisdictional authority: e.g.,
     Russell v. Saffold, 225 S.W. 281 (Tex. Civ. App.—Austin 1920, no writ); or

   • failure to allege a particularized injury and a personal stake in the
     controversy: e.g., Texas Ass’n of Business v. Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440,
     444 (Tex. 1993); Okland v. Travelocity.com, Inc., 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 4646, *17
     (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2009, pet. denied).
Farmers cites no such jurisdictional impediment. It simply argues the merits—a matter

that can’t be sufficient as a jurisdictional bar. Otherwise, a no-jurisdiction dismissal

could be granted every time a case appeared to turn on a question of law. That, of

course, is not the law. See Ab-Tex Beverage v. Angelo State Univ., 96 S.W.3d 683, 686-88

                                           2
(Tex. App.—Austin 2003, no pet.) (trial court’s dismissal for want of jurisdiction is not

res judicata of the merits).

       Even Farmers’s own authorities disagree with its approach to jurisdiction. In

Allstate Indemnity Company v. Forth, the supreme court found dismissal proper, but it

squarely placed its holding on a recognized impediment to jurisdiction: the plaintiff’s

failure to allege the kind of particularized injury that is essential to any justiciable

controversy. 204 S.W.3d 795, 795 (Tex. 2006) (“Because there are no allegations that the

insured suffered damages … we conclude that the trial court was correct to dismiss her

suit.”); id. at 796 (“Forth did not claim that Allstate’s conduct had caused her any damage.

… Because Forth does not claim that the manner in which Allstate settled her claim caused

her any injury, we conclude that she does not have standing …”.) (emphasis added).1

       Likewise, in M. D. Anderson Cancer Ctr. v. Novak, the court dismissed the case

because the plaintiff, having failed to allege an individualized injury, lacked the necessary

personal stake in the controversy: while the suit accused the cancer center of indulging

deceptive practices to solicit charitable donations, the plaintiff had no personal stake in

the controversy, because he could not allege that he had given the center any funds. 52
S.W.3d 704, 707-08 (Tex. 2001). And both Garcia and Miranda were dismissed on the

express basis of sovereign immunity. Mission Consol. Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Garcia, 372 S.W.3d
1
 And in Vee Bar, Ltd. V. BP Amoco Corp., the court found that dismissal had been granted in error.
361 S.W.3d 128, 131 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2011, no pet.).
                                                 3
629, 635 (Tex. 2012); Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 226 (Tex.

2004).

         Garcia makes clear that its analysis is particular to cases involving sovereign-

immunity grounds, and that the merits were relevant to jurisdiction only because those

merits were essential to determining the threshold sovereign-immunity issue:

         In a suit against a governmental employer, the prima facie case
         implicates both the merits of the claim and the court’s jurisdiction
         because of the doctrine of sovereign immunity. Sovereign immunity
         deprives a trial court of jurisdiction over lawsuits in which the state or
         certain governmental units have been sued, unless the state consents to
         suit. As a result, immunity is properly asserted in a plea to the
         jurisdiction. We held in Garcia I that “the TCHRA clearly and
         unambiguously waives immunity” for suits brought against school
         districts under the TCHRA. However, the Legislature has waived
         immunity only for those suits where the plaintiff actually alleges a
         violation of the TCHRA by pleading facts that state a claim
         thereunder. Garcia, 372 S.W.3d at 635-36 (italics in original, other
         emphasis added).
So it was governmental immunity—not any mere claim to being right on the merits—

that supported the government’s jurisdictional plea. The Garcia court underscored this

when it discussed the prior decision in State v. Lueck, a whistleblower action filed against

the State and the Texas Department of Transportation (thus implicating immunity).

         In Lueck, as the Garcia court explained, TxDOT argued that Lueck had not

actually reported a violation of law. Lueck, in response, accused the state of a mere

merits attack. The supreme court held that the statutory whistleblower elements were

in the circumstances of that case jurisdictional, but only because those elements were essential

to determining a jurisdictional immunity issue. See Garcia, 372 S.W.3d at 636-37. Otherwise—

                                               4
if, as in Beasley’s case, there would have been no state actor claiming immunity—the

merits of Lueck’s action could not have triggered a jurisdictional analysis.

       The opinion in Miranda likewise confirms that its jurisdictional analysis is limited

to sovereign-immunity cases. After the text that Farmers cites, the Miranda court

stressed that “[this] standard [for sovereign immunity] allows the state in a timely manner

to extricate itself from litigation if it is truly immune. … Similar to the purpose of a plea

to the jurisdiction, which is to defeat a cause of action for which the state has not waived sovereign

immunity, … the purpose of summary judgments in Texas is ‘to eliminate patently

unmeritorious claims and untenable defenses.’” 133 S.W.3d at 228 (emphasis added),

quoting Casso v. Brand, 776 S.W.2d 551, 556 (Tex. 1989).

       Here, in contrast, there is no immunity issue to transform the parties’ merits

dispute into a jurisdictional one. And neither party’s pleadings suggests any other

jurisdictional issue (e.g., a claim of exclusive jurisdiction in another court or of a failure

to exhaust administrative remedies).

       Because Farmers has no viable jurisdictional attack, the dismissal must be

reversed.

2.     Farmers mischaracterizes the case and the issues.

       Beginning in its statement of the case, Farmers contends that Beasley had no

unreimbursed expenses and “alleged no other damages.” This is not credible. Beasley

consistently and clearly has alleged actual damages—that he incurred, as provider bills

                                                  5
confirm, $2,662 in reasonable expenses, well in excess of the insurance policy’s $2,500

PIP benefit, and yet Farmers refused to pay more than about a $1000 portion of that

benefit. E.g., CR 75 (“Beasley was injured in a motor vehicle accident and submitted a

PIP claim for medical expenses totaling $2,662.54, exceeding Beasley’s PIP policy limits.

Farmers accepted coverage … but refused to pay the full $2,500 in PIP benefits. … In

so doing, Farmers breached the insurance contract … The Texas Insurance Code …

defines, in part, [Beasley’s] damages which include the unpaid PIP benefits …”.); accord

CR 6. This suffices as an allegation of individualized injury and a real, justiciable

controversy.

       If Farmers wishes to factually dispute whether the $2,662 is a reasonable amount

for the providers’ services, it can do so—at a merits trial. But Farmers’s current,

argumentative characterization—in which Farmers wrongly prejudges the case—is a

straw man and is no basis for a jurisdictional dismissal. It also is wrong on the merits.

       A.      Forth does not let Farmers ignore Beasley’s allegation of injury,
               whether for purposes of jurisdiction or the merits.
       Despite what Farmers claims, Allstate Indemnity Co. v. Forth is not on point.

       Regarding jurisdiction. In Forth, the health-insuranceless Forth owed the full

amount of her medical charges when Allstate, the PIP insurer, came into the picture.

Allstate, unaided by any health insurer or anyone else, satisfied this liability. Forth, 204
S.W.3d at 796. Forth nonetheless sued Allstate, alleging that, in settling her bills, it had

acted in “an arbitrary and unreasonable manner.” Id. at 795. But Forth never claimed

                                             6
this caused her any identified damage. And that was the key to the entire case. Forth’s

failure to even allege a cognizable injury was already recognized in other cases as a type

of jurisdictional defect. See Texas Ass’n of Business, 852 S.W.2d at 444.

        Here, however, Farmers had no dealings with Beasley’s medical providers.

Farmers did not negotiate, pay, or otherwise settle any medical bills. Beasley accordingly

has not sued Farmers for any arbitrary or unreasonable provider settlement. Rather,

Beasley has sued Farmers because it failed to pay him a full contractual benefit. E.g.,

CR 7.

        While Forth demonstrates that standing may be absent, and a jurisdictional plea

allowed, when a plaintiff fails to even allege injury, it says nothing about the standing

of a plaintiff such as Beasley, who identifies an injury and seeks its recovery upon

established legal theories.

        The merits. Forth also falls flat as a basis for upending Beasley on the underlying

merits. Because Forth didn’t involve first-party health insurance or any other specie of

collateral source, the PIP statute’s barrier to PIP insurers taking regard of collateral-

source insurance never came into play. Indeed, it would have been impossible for the

court in Forth to have invoked the prohibition against giving regard to collateral sources.

It did not violate the PIP statute’s prohibitions for Allstate to take account of its own

actions—Allstate wasn’t a prohibited collateral source. So the court in Forth never

mentioned Section 1952.155 or that statute’s phrase “without regard to … any collateral

source,” and never mentioned health insurance. Forth thus can’t be “directly on point,”
                                             7
cf. Farmers’s Brief at 10, or help answer our issue about the effect of health insurer

discounting on Farmers’s PIP liability.2

       Beasley, unlike the plaintiff in Forth, had health insurance, with Blue Cross, which

discharged Beasley’s liability to his medical providers before Farmers came on the scene.

Thus, in contrast to the plaintiff in Forth, Beasley has no unreimbursed medical expenses

because his collateral-source health insurance satisfied all such matters.

       Section 1952.155 of the PIP statute—which, again, was not at issue in Forth—

precludes Farmers from taking any regard of Blue Cross or its actions. The legislature

in its wisdom, through the statutory phrase “without regard to … any collateral source,”

mandated this result in all cases where health insurance, or any other collateral source,

is involved. Consequently, the PIP statute’s requirement that Farmers act “without

regard to … any collateral source” both explains the required outcome in our case and

distinguishes that outcome from the result in Forth.

       B.      The PIP statute required Farmers to compute and pay Beasley’s
               PIP benefit without regard to Blue Cross or its actions.
       Farmers, in its second issue statement, asks whether a provider discount

negotiated by a collateral-source health insurer “fall[s] under the collateral source rule.”

       2
           Because the PIP statute obligates Farmers to pay reasonable expenses “without regard to”
whether Blue Cross discounted or indemnified those expenses, TEX. INS. CODE ANN. § 1952.155, the
merits issue is not what Blue Cross reimbursed or discounted, or what Beasley paid “out of pocket”;
it is a matter of determining the reasonable amount or value of Beasley’s medical services. The issue
in Forth, in contrast, was “whether an insured has standing to sue her insurance company for settling
her medical bills in what the insured considered to be an arbitrary and unreasonable manner.” Forth,
204 S.W.3d at 795.

                                                 8
Brief at vii. This is the wrong question. Whereas the common-law collateral-source rule

applies in litigation against third-party tortfeasors, see infra, the issues between Beasley and

its first-party insurer, Farmers, involve no tortfeasor. These issues are instead controlled

by a PIP statute that prohibits Farmers from giving regard to Blue Cross or its actions,

regardless whether those actions amount to writing a check or negotiating a discounted

payment.

       Farmers next, in its statement of facts, suggests the question is whether Beasley

may “recover a windfall.” Brief at 1. This parrots what could be a good argument in

another setting—that is, a tort case filed against a negligent third-party. But the question

of “windfall” has no place in this suit, seeking recovery of Beasley’s contractually

promised PIP benefits and other statutory relief.

       To now inquire about a possible windfall would defy the purposes underlying

the PIP statute, which reflects a clear intent to do more than make the plaintiff whole:

That is why the statute confers its benefits without regard to subrogation, without

regard to fault, and without regard to collateral sources. TEX. INS. CODE ANN. §

1952.155.

       Nor is there any reason for Farmers to fret about the disastrous effect of any

Beasley “windfall”; the PIP statute adequately protects Farmers, by capping mandatory

PIP coverage at a modest $2,500. The concept of an onerous “windfall” makes little

sense at this minimal benefit level.

                                               9
       The paid-or-incurred statute and the PIP statute differ in their goals, in their

mechanisms, and in their effects. But there is nothing improper about this. The

legislature was perfectly free to protect tortfeasors from unduly onerous medical-

expense awards, via the paid-or-incurred law, while simultaneously affording insureds

with a minimal set of coverage rights against their first-party auto insurers.

       C.    Haygood v. De Escabedo does not support Farmers’s attempts to
             take a forbidden regard of Blue Cross.

       Farmers touts Haygood v. De Escabedo as its other primary authority. And yet

Haygood is of no consequence here, for two simple reasons. First, Haygood applied a

statute (The Civil Practice and Remedies Code’s Chapter 41) that is immaterial to

Farmers’s first-party contractual duties. And second, Haygood did not apply (and had no

reason to apply) the PIP statute’s prohibition against giving regard to collateral-source

insurers.

       As Farmers admits, in Haygood, Escabedo invoked Section 41.0105 as the basis

for excluding evidence of medical expenses other than those “actually paid or [actually]

incurred. Br. at 16. The Haygood court agreed that Section 41.0105—in the cases to

which it applies—requires courts to take regard of insurer-discounted charges, to

prevent windfall recoveries of large medical bills. Haygood v. De Escabedo, 356 S.W.3d
390, 395 (Tex. 2011). Here, though, the governing PIP statute does the opposite,

precluding the first-party PIP insurer from taking any regard of the collateral-source

health insurer’s role, whether it be the health insurer’s provider payments or its

                                            10
discounting of provider bills. Tex. Ins. Code Ann. § 1952.155(a)(2). To take regard of

either of these matters—the collateral-source insurer’s provider payments or its

provider discounts—is to give regard to collateral-source health insurance. The PIP

statute’s brightline, blanket prohibition facilitates the PIP statute’s goal of providing the

insured with a prompt, minimal benefit. See Mid-Century Ins. Co. v. Kidd, 997 S.W.2d 265,

268-69 (Tex. 1999) (“PIP’s limitations … along with its collateral source rule and no-

fault features, are designed to simplify and hasten claim resolution and payment”).

       Farmers also notes that in Haygood the common-law collateral-source rule was at

issue. Brief at 17. That rule, by definition, concerns tortfeasor liability. See Haygood, 356
S.W.3d at 394-95 (defining the collateral-source rule as precluding “any reduction in a

tortfeasor’s liability because of benefits received by the plaintiff from someone else”)

(emphasis added). It does not govern first-party claims such as Beasley asserts.

       D.     Farmers’s policy language cannot circumvent the PIP statute’s
              prohibitions.

       Farmers relies heavily on the word “incurred” in its policy’s exclusion, which says

PIP benefits would be confined to “1. Reasonable expenses incurred for necessary

medical and funeral services.” E.g., Farmers’s Brief at 3-4. Because of this one use of

the term incurred, Farmers asks this Court to judicially read an “actually paid or [actually]

incurred” requirement into the insurance policy. That is breathtaking.

       If the mere word incurred, wherever used, were already as restrictive as actually paid

or [actually] incurred, the paid-or-incurred statute would be a nullity and its careful

                                             11
restriction of tort-suit medical-expense recoveries to amounts actually paid or [actually]

incurred would be surplusage. That cannot be right.

       Farmers’s position also contravenes the rule that insurance-policy exclusions,

exceptions, and limitations be interpreted in the insured’s favor and against the insurer.

See Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Hudson Energy Co., 811 S.W.2d 552, 555 (Tex. 1991). And

Farmers’s argument violates the PIP statute’s mandate that PIP benefits cover “all

reasonable expenses that … (3) are for: (A) necessary medical … services.” TEX. INS.

CODE ANN. § 1952.151. It imposes no further requirement that such expenses also be

incurred in the sense of “actually paid or incurred.”

       A proper construction of Farmers’s policy, harmonized with the governing PIP

statute, is that “reasonable expenses incurred for necessary medical … services” simply

identifies which expenses are being referenced—the ones that reflect “necessary

medical … services,” as opposed to expenses for services or items that may not have

been necessary to the insured’s medical care.

3.     “Collateral source” does not mean what Farmers claims, but favors
       Beasley.

       As Farmers observes, collateral source is not defined in the PIP statute and, thus,

should be given its common-law meaning. But Farmers is wrong about what that

meaning is. Citing Haygood, Farmers contends the term references only the “benefits

received by the plaintiff,” rather than their source (i.e., the health insurer). Brief at 19,

20. Farmers misapprehends the supreme court’s language.

                                             12
       Citing to the sentence running over from page 394 to page 395 of the Haygood

opinion, Farmers claims:

       [A]s the Court explained in Haygood, it [i.e., the term ‘collateral source’]
       refers to ‘benefits received by the plaintiff,’ [and] … does not include the
       discounted rates that Blue Cross paid to Beasley’s medical providers. Brief
       at 19, 20 (emphasis in original).
This wordsmithing is central to Farmers’s claim that it can take regard of some Blue

Cross actions albeit not others. But this is not what the supreme court said. Not by a

long shot. In the very passage that Farmers credits, the Haygood court actually concluded

that the term collateral source references the entity sourcing the benefit or discount:

       Long a part of the common law of Texas and other jurisdictions, the
       [collateral-source] rule precludes any reduction in a tortfeasor’s liability
       because of benefits received by the plaintiff from someone else – a
       collateral source . 356 S.W.3d at 394-95 (emphasis ours).
That is, the collateral source is the “someone else, ” in this case, Blue Cross. So, under

Farmers’s own logic, corrected for the supreme court’s actual intendment, the PIP

statute’s prohibition upon taking regard of “collateral sources” must prohibit taking any

regard of the health insurer Blue Cross or its actions. Any other result would contradict

both Haygood and the legislature’s plain statutory language.

4.     Section 41.0105 does not apply, period.

       In our principal brief, we argued that the “paid-or-incurred statute,” Section

41.0105, does not apply. We explained that Chapter 41 is expressly reserved to claims

for damages and does not control interpretation of insurance contracts. Br. at 11-12.

We further explained that Section 41.0105 addresses recovery of medical expenses,

                                             13
whereas Beasley’s claims against Farmers are based on breach of contract, for refusing

contractually agreed payments. Br. at 14-15. Farmers neither rejoins these arguments

nor advances any logical argument—good, bad, or mediocre—for why the paid-or-

incurred statute should apply outside its expressly limited scope. Id. Instead, Farmers

just lectures the Court on the meaning of “actually paid and incurred”—a phrase

peculiar to Section 41.0105—and notes that the supreme court, in Haygood,

characterizes the policy underlying Section 41.0105. So? While no one in this case

disputes what “actually paid and incurred” means, this phrase from an inapplicable

statute is a red herring. Farmers gets no brownie points for attempting to apply it where

it doesn’t belong.

      To claim that our arguments respecting Section 41.0105 are “off point,” Farmers

quotes from our second issue statement. But that issue statement clearly raises a

different and relevant matter, concerning the district court’s failure to acknowledge that

the legislature immunized Beasley’s DTPA claim from the reach of Chapter 41. The

issue statement reads:

      Among his several claims, Beasley pleaded a DTPA cause of action
      alleging unfair claim-settlement practices. Disposing of the baby with the
      bathwater, the trial court dismissed Beasley’s entire suit on the basis of
      Section 41.0105 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. Yet both
      the DTPA and the Code say the Code’s Chapter 41 does not govern
      DTPA claims. Did the trial court err in dismissing Beasley’s DTPA claim?
The point—that the trial court applied an indiscriminate and overly broad analysis—

stands.

                                            14
      Farmers’s final point—an allegation about the result “[i]f Section 41.0105 had

never been enacted,” Brief at 22—also goes nowhere. The prior law permitted expense

recoveries exceeding insurers’ contractual discounts. Absent Section 41.0105, that law

would have remained in effect, even for tort suits.

                               Conclusion and Prayer

      The trial court’s order of dismissal should be reversed and the cause reinstated.

Of course, Beasley also prays for whatever other relief he may be entitled to receive.

                                        Respectfully submitted,
                                        /s/ Gregory D. Smith___
                                        Gregory D. Smith

      Gregory D. Smith                          W. Perry Zively, Jr.
      State Bar No. 18600600                    State Bar No. 22290050
      Nolan Smith                               Chandler, Mathis & Zivley, P.C.
      State Bar No. 24075632                    601 Sawyer St., Suite 600
      SMITH LEGAL, PLLC                         Houston, Texas 77007
      110 N. College Ave., Suite 1120           Telephone: (713) 739-7722
      Tyler, Texas 75702                        Facsimile:    (713) 739-0922
      Telephone: (903) 630-7118                 pzivley@cmzlaw.net
      Facsimile: (903) 609-3077
      greg@smithlegaltx.com                     L. Boyd Smith Jr.
      nolan@smithlegaltx.com                    State Bar No. 18638400
                                                The Boyd Smith Law Firm, PLLC
      Ronald S. Vickery                         601 Sawyer St., Suite 600
      State Bar No. 20574250                    Houston, Texas 77007
      VICKERY LAW FIRM                          Telephone: (713) 343-8899
      210 S. Broadway, Suite 230                Facsimile:    (713) 343-9265
      Tyler, Texas 75702                        bsmith@boydsmithlaw.com
      Telephone: (903) 504-5490
      Facsimile: (903) 787-7540
      ron@vickerylawfirm.com

                               COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT

                                           15
                                Certificate of Service

      The foregoing brief has been served via efileTexas.gov, on the persons listed

below, who are counsel on appeal for Farmer Texas County Mutual Insurance

Company, on this 24th day of January 2018.

      Thomas F. Loose
      Kurt M. Wolber
      LOCKE LORD LLP
      2200 Ross Ave., Suite 2200
      Dallas, TX 75201
      Telephone: (214) 740-8000
      Facsimile: (214) 740-8800
                                                    /s/ Gregory D. Smith___
                                                    Gregory D. Smith

                            Certificate of Compliance

   1. This response complies with the type-volume limitation of TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4
      because it contains 3754 words, excluding parts of the response exempted by
      TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4(i)(2)(B).

   2. This brief complies with the typeface requirements of TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4(e)
      because it has been prepared in the proportionally spaced typeface using
      Microsoft Word in 14-point Garamond font.

      Dated: January 24, 2018

                                                    /s/ Gregory D. Smith_____
                                                    Gregory D. Smith

                                          16