Court Opinion

ID: 2899073
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-08 23:55:14.054156+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:41:33.445667
License: Public Domain

NO. 07-08-0219-CV

                            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                      FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                                    AT AMARILLO

                                       PANEL C

                                     JULY 8, 2009

                         ______________________________

                MIKE LEWIS AND GERI KINCANNON, APPELLANTS

                                           V.

           XIUM CORPORATION AND GREG A. DOCKERY, APPELLEES

                       _________________________________

             FROM THE 181ST DISTRICT COURT OF POTTER COUNTY;

               NO. 94,013-B; HONORABLE JOHN B. BOARD, JUDGE

                        _______________________________

Before QUINN, C.J., and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.

                              MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Appellants, Mike Lewis and Geri Kincannon, appeal from a judgment rendered in

favor of Appellees, Xium Corporation and Greg A. Dockery (Xium),1 during a bench trial of

      1
       For convenience, we will refer to Xium and Dockery as “Xium” except, in instances,
where a reference to Dockery clarifies the circumstances.
Lewis and Kincannon’s action for breach of their investment contracts with Xium. Lewis

and Kincannon assert the trial court erred by: (1) failing to order an accounting; (2)

entering a directed verdict at the end of their case-in-chief; (3) denying their motion to

supplement their pleadings; (4) denying their motion for discovery sanctions; (5) denying

their motion for a modification of the Discovery Control Plan; (6) denying their post-trial

motion for sanctions; (7) granting Xium’s untimely objections to discovery; (8) permitting

the admission of “royalty summaries” and amended “royalty summaries” into evidence; (9)

permitting Xium to use documents at trial not produced in response to Lewis and

Kincannon’s discovery requests; and (10) misapplying the rules of civil procedure to a

hearing on sanctions arising out of Xium’s non-production of documents and abuse of the

discovery process. Finding that the trial court erred by not ordering an accounting, we

reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand for further proceedings in conformance

with this opinion.

                                               Background

       In their first Amended Petition filed January 26, 2006, Lewis and Kincannon alleged

actions for violation(s) of the Texas Business Opportunity Act,2 Securities Act,3 Deceptive

Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act,4 and they sought damages for fraud and

       2
           §§ 41.001 et seq., Tex. Bus. & Com . Code Ann. (Vernon 2002).

       3
           Art. 581-1 et seq., Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. (Vernon Supp. 2008) .

       4
           §§ 17.41 et seq., Tex. Bus. & Com . Code Ann. (Vernon Supp. 2008).

                                                       2
breach of contract, as well as seeking to pierce the corporate veil between Xium and its

President, Dockery. Lewis and Kincannon alleged they invested money with Xium5 in

return for royalties from the sale of Xium products or other income, but received no money.

The petition sought “an accounting of the expenditures, expenses and income of [Xium and

Dockery] involved in the marketing of Spilateral technology6 since the date of [Lewis and

Kincannon’s ] initial investment upon which royalties would be computed.” In addition,

Lewis and Kincannon sought recovery of interest and attorney’s fees.7

        On July 21, 2006, Lewis and Kincannon filed traditional and “no-evidence” motions

for summary judgment. On August 22, 2006, Xium and Dockery responded. With their

response, they filed an affidavit by Dockery with attachments entitled “Royalty

Summar[ies].”8 The record does not indicate whether the trial court ever ruled on Lewis

and Kincannon’s motion for summary judgment.

        5
            The petition alleged Lewis invested in excess of $75,000 while Kincannon invested in excess of
$42,500.

        6
           In their petition, Lewis and Kincannon alleged, in pertinent part, that Xium Corporation “represented
that they had developed electronic technology referred to as ‘Spilateral’ technology which allowed end users
the ability to transm it or receive better antenna reception by allowing signals to better resonate across a
com m on carrier or airways.”

        7
         Xium originally failed to file an answer, or appear at trial, and the trial court entered a default
judgm ent on March 10, 2006. However, on April 7, 2006, Xium filed their answer and m oved for a new trial.
On June 12, 2006, the trial court granted Xium ’s m otion.

        8
           The attachm ent consists of three pages, each entitled “Royalty Sum m ary” printed on paper with a
Xium letterhead. Each Royalty Sum m ary lists sales of Spilateral technology that allegedly occurred from
January 2, 2000 to August 1, 2006. Two Royalty Sum m aries indicate Lewis invested $50,000 on February
28, 2001, and $25,000 on July 28, 2000, yielding unpaid royalties due totaling $9,845.55. One Royalty
Sum m ary indicates Kincannon invested $22,500 on August 21, 2000, yielding unpaid royalties due totaling
$1,514.70. Neither Dockery’s affidavit nor the “Royalty Sum m aries” indicate who prepared the sum m aries
or identified the underlying docum ents upon which the sum m aries were based.

                                                       3
        I.      PreTrial Pleadings

        On July 24, 2007, the trial court filed its pretrial order requiring discovery (including

supplemental responses) to be completed by November 15, 2007, and pleadings to be

filed by December 14, 2007. The order also set a trial date of February 19, 2008. On

August 21, 2007, Lewis and Kincannon filed a motion to compel and for sanctions alleging

Xium had failed to properly respond to their first request for production of documents.9 On

October 18, 2007, Xium produced a second set of documents.

        On January 14, 2008, Xium filed an agreed motion to continue the trial date

because the parties’ depositions had not been conducted due to scheduling conflicts. The

following day, the trial court denied that motion.

        On February 1, 2008, Xium filed a motion for leave to file a “no evidence” motion for

summary judgment and, on February 4, 2008, filed a motion for leave to file a traditional

motion for summary judgment. Attached to the traditional motion for summary judgment

was Dockery’s affidavit and the purported “Royalty Summaries” originally filed in August

2006 in response to Lewis and Kincannon’s traditional motion for summary judgment. On

        9
          On August 28, 2006, Lewis and Kincannon served their first request for production of docum ents on
Dockery and Xium . On October 20, 2006, Dockery and Xium filed their objections and response. Dockery
objected to each request asserting “he was not a party to the lawsuit.” Xium objected to each request
asserting that the inform ation sought was “confidential and proprietary,” irrelevant and not reasonably
calculated to lead to the discovery of adm issible evidence. Nevertheless, Xium produced som e docum ents
subject to the objections and indicated that it was searching for other docum ents and would supplem ent.

                                                     4
February 15, 2008, Xium faxed an updated copy of the “Royalty Summaries” to Lewis and

Kincannon indicating they intended to use the summaries at trial on February 19.

        On February 11, 2008, Xium filed a second agreed motion for a continuance

premised on the pending motions for summary judgment and they jointly sought to

continue the trial until March 24. On February 13, Lewis and Kincannon filed a motion to

strike Xium’s special exceptions to their first amended petition and Xium’s “no evidence”

and traditional motions for summary judgment. Lewis and Kincannon also filed for leave

to file a second amended petition and sought discovery sanctions under Rules 193.6 and

215 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure10 based on Xium’s failure to “fully and

completely” respond to Lewis and Kincannon’s request for production of documents. In

support of their motion for discovery sanctions, Lewis and Kincannon asserted Xium wholly

failed to respond to numerous, specific document requests or produced incomplete

documents or documents for miscellaneous time periods. Lewis and Kincannon also

sought a modification of the discovery plan pursuant to Rule 190.5.

        On February 13, 2008, the trial court denied the second agreed motion for

continuance.

        10
             Hereafter, for convenience, citation to the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure will be as follows: “Rule
___.”

                                                         5
      II.    Pretrial Hearing

      Prior to trial on February 19, the trial court held a hearing and denied Lewis and

Kincannon’s motions. The trial court denied a third agreed motion for a continuance and

Xium withdrew its motions for summary judgment.

      The trial court permitted Lewis and Kincannon to put on a bill of exception pertaining

to the trial court’s denial of their discovery motions. In support of their bill, Lewis and

Kincannon called Mark Kile, a certified public accountant, as a witness who had reviewed

Lewis and Kincannon’s request for production of documents and Xium’s response. Kile’s

review of Xium’s response served October 18, 2007, was completed December 22, 2007.

      In response to Lewis and Kincannon’s request for production, Kile testified Xium

produced some board minutes but the minutes were incomplete. He testified that Xium

produced no committee minutes, retirement plan information, or shareholder stock ledgers.

Although Xium produced general ledger documents spanning years 1999 through 2005,

he testified the ledgers were in batch format, only a few miscellaneous months were

included in the postings, the “total” column was not included in the documents produced,

and there was no detail of any individual transactions. In his opinion, the general ledger

documents were incomplete, inadequate, and not representative of Xium’s complete

financial history. Further, he testified the production of cash disbursement records was

incomplete; only one accounts receivable aging report was produced; the accounts

payable information was incomplete and meaningless; some sales reports were produced

                                            6
for two years;11 customer contact information was incomplete; there were no payroll

ledgers, quarterly payroll reports, salary agreements, or employee contracts,12 no

employee benefit or compensation documents; corporate investment documents, property

ownership documents; no loan, guarantee, outstanding commitment or asset pledge

documents; corporate income tax returns; Form 1099's; interim financial statements;13

income statements; detailed inventory records; depreciation schedules; invoice copies.

Although some bank statements were produced, only the front page of the statements was

produced.

         Kile testified the “Royalty Summaries,” attached to Xium’s summary judgment

pleadings, were encompassed by a specific request for production by Lewis and

Kincannon but were not produced. He indicated that he had no means to verify the

calculations in the “Royalty Summaries” because Xium had not produced the underlying

sales and inventory information or documents. Based upon his review of the documents

produced by Xium, he opined their entire production was “really meaningless . . . [i]t was

like either somebody . . . incompetent put them together or they were intentionally trying

to deceive the plaintiffs, but they were unresponsive to the request . . . [u]seless, just a pile

of paper, general ledgers and tax returns not provided, or the underlying documents,

         11
           Kile testified the sales reports were an im portant accounting docum ent which could be used to
calculate the royalties owed from units sold. He further testified that, under the royalty agreem ents, royalties
were based on a percentage of sales–without the sales inform ation, royalties cannot be calculated.

         12
          Kile testified that, in m ost corporations, if there were no salary agreem ents, there would, at the least,
be payroll records.

         13
              There was one balance sheet for April 30, 2004 to May 31, 2004.

                                                         7
meaningless.” Thereafter, without granting any further relief, the trial court commenced

the bench trial.

        III.     Bench Trial

        Kincannon was the first witness. He had known Dockery for approximately twenty

years14 when Dockery approached him about investing in his new corporation, Xium.

Dockery represented Kincannon would triple a $10,000 investment in Xium in the first year.

        On July 29, 1999, Kincannon agreed to invest $10,000 and entered into a Letter

Agreement. In return for his investment, Kincannon was promised a royalty for each

XM2000 unit sold by Xium not to exceed $30,000 or three hundred percent of his initial

cash investment.15 The Agreement further provided, in pertinent part, as follows:

        Xium will keep an accurate account of the product manufactured and sold,
        and shall render a statement of such business, in writing to you, within thirty
        (30) days after the end of each calendar quarter, and shall, concurrently, pay
        to you the full amount of royalty accrued during the calendar quarter.

        At the end of the first year, Kincannon met with Dockery who represented that

Kincannon had earned $30,000 in royalties during the first year. Dockery then displayed

        14
          Kincannon and Lewis were personal friends of Dockery. Both had teenage sons who wrestled on
the high school wrestling team with Dockery’s son. Kincannon and Dockery often traveled together on
weekend trips to attend their sons’ out-of-town wrestling com petitions.

        15
          Specifically, Kincannon would “receive a royalty of $1.00 per XM2000 unit sold for the initial 10,000
pieces, $.50 per the next 20,000, $.25 per unit thereafter for units sold in consideration of advancing a cash
sum equal to $10,000.”

                                                      8
numerous kinds of wireless technology manufactured by Xium. He told Kincannon that he

could apply Kincannon’s $30,000 in royalty earnings toward ownership of a portion of

Xium’s business. Dockery showed Kincannon a chart entitled “Statistics & Projected

Market Penetration.” For each of twenty Xium products, the chart showed the projected

units to be sold and the corresponding “pay zone” for an investor depending on the amount

of their investment. The chart indicated that with a $25,000 investment, Kincannon would

realize $590,559 from Xium’s sales. Dockery represented this amount was the minimum

amount Kincannon would earn if he invested. In return for his investment of $30,000,

Kincannon understood he would receive three percent of Xium’s sales. Kincannon agreed

to purchase the three percent interest.

        On August 11, 2000, Kincannon also executed a second Letter Agreement and

contributed an additional $12,500 in return for a “royalty of $.10 per hardware unit sold

using ‘Spilateral’ technology.” This second Agreement contained the same accounting

provision contained in the first Agreement.

        In February 2001, after obtaining $50,000 from Lewis, Dockery changed his cell

phone number and was unavailable. Although Kincannon attempted to obtain more

information about his investment, Dockery ceased all communication with him. He was

told Dockery was not in his office when Kincannon visited Xium’s offices16 and Dockery did

not return his calls. Kincannon never received any accounting or royalties. Kincannon

        16
         On one visit, he testified he observed Dockery in his office through a glass window after being told
Dockery was not in his office.

                                                     9
testified that he would have never invested in Xium without the assurance of accurate

accountings contained in the Letter Agreements. At the conclusion of his testimony,

Kincannon moved for a trial amendment under Rule 66 to assert a claim for recision.

Following a hearing, the trial court allowed the amendment seeking an alternative measure

of damages in addition to royalties.

       Lewis was the next witness. Lewis testified that he had known Dockery for three

years when he invested in Xium. On July 27, 2000, he and his wife, Mary Lewis, entered

into a Letter Agreement with Xium whereby they contributed $25,000 to Xium in return for

a “royalty of $.20 per hardware unit sold using Spilateral technology.” And, on February

28, 2001, they entered into a second Letter Agreement whereby they contributed an

additional $50,000 in return for a royalty of $.045 per hardware unit sold using Spilateral

technology. Both Letter Agreements contained the same accounting provision as the

Kincannon agreements.

       Prior to investing, Lewis was also given the same chart as Kincannon entitled

“Statistics & Projected Market Penetration.” He was also told that the increase in the value

of his investment represented on the chart was a “low figure”– “what his minimum payout

would be based on his royalties.” The chart indicated that, based upon an investment of

$75,000, his payout would be $2,140,776. He testified Dockery represented that the

chart’s figures were low and that the minimal amount he would make on his investment

would be $2.14 million. Neither did Lewis receive any accounting or royalties. He testified

                                            10
that, if he had known that Dockery was not going to give him the accounting to which he

was entitled, he would not have invested the money. He also testified he could not say

what royalty was due and owing to him because he had no information what that amount

would be.

       Lewis and Kincannon rested their case, Xium moved for a directed verdict on all

causes of action, and the trial court granted that motion stating, in pertinent part, as

follows:

       With regard to the breach of contract claims, I think there’s some evidence
       to support a finding that the contract was breached by failure to give
       quarterly accountings and to pay quarterly royalties, and there is some
       evidence with respect to recision damages which would be the amounts paid
       by the Plaintiffs. But the Plaintiffs have the burden of proof to prove that an
       adequate remedy is not available at law, and there’s simply no evidence to
       support such a finding. I have no evidence what damages, if any, was
       caused by the failure to give quarterly reports. I have no evidence to show
       what damage, if any, was caused by the failure to pay royalties. There’s no
       evidence that any royalty was even due. And so based on that, I find that
       with regard to [Lewis and Kincannon] meeting their burden of proof on the
       contract – breach of contract allegations, they have failed to do so and [I] will
       grant judgment to the Defendant.

       On February 28, 2008, Lewis and Kincannon filed a motion for sanctions and

directed verdict or, alternatively, motion for a new trial. The trial court denied Lewis and

Kincannon’s motion and this appeal followed.

                                              11
                                        Discussion

       Lewis and Kincannon’s points of error can be distilled to three issues. That is, (1)

whether the trial court erred by failing to order an accounting at the conclusion of their

evidence; (2) whether the trial court erred by directing a verdict in Xium’s favor at the

conclusion of their evidence; and (3) whether, in lieu of ordering further discovery or an

accounting from Xium, the trial court erred by failing to sanction Xium for abusing the

discovery process.

       Xium asserts that Lewis and Kincannon were not entitled to an accounting because

they did not request one in either their original or first amended petitions. Xium asserts the

“Royalty Summaries” were an accounting. Xium also asserts a directed verdict was proper

because Lewis and Kincannon failed to establish any damages and that the only evidence

of any damages owing to Lewis and Kincannon, the “Royalty Summaries,” were excluded

at the prompting of Lewis and Kincannon . Finally, Xium cross moves for sanctions under

Rule 45 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure asserting that Lewis and Kincannon’s

appeal is “frivolous.”

       I.     Standard of Review

       A directed verdict is proper when the evidence conclusively establishes the right of

the movant to judgment or negates the right of the opponent or when the evidence is

insufficient to raise a material fact issue. Prudential Ins. Co. of America v. Financial

                                             12
Review Services, Inc., 29 S.W.3d 74, 77 (Tex. 2000).                         See Cotten v. Weatherford

Bancshares, Inc., 187 S.W.3d 687, 696 (Tex.App.–Fort Worth 2006, pet. denied). If the

question to be decided is whether the losing party at trial raised a material fact issue, we

consider all the evidence in a light most favorable to the party against whom the verdict

was instructed and disregard all the contrary evidence and inferences; we give the losing

party the benefit of all reasonable inferences created by the evidence. Coastal Transport

Co. v. Crown Cent. Petroleum Corp., 136 S.W.3d 227, 234 (Tex. 2004). If we determine

that any conflicting evidence of probative value raises a material fact issue on any theory

of recovery, then the directed verdict is improper because such an issue is for the finder

of fact to resolve. Szczepanik v. First S. Trust Co., 883 S.W.2d 648, 649 (Tex. 1994).

        II.      Accounting

        An accounting may be a particular remedy sought in conjunction with another cause

of action or it may be a suit in equity.                    Michael v. Dyke, 41 S.w.3d 746, 754

(Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 2001, no pet.). See Sauceda v. Kerlin, 164 S.W.3d 892, 928

(Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 2005), reversed on other grounds, 263 S.W.3d 920 (Tex. 2008).

In a suit for an accounting, the general rule requires that the right to an accounting must

first be determined and, if found, reference for an account should be ordered.17 Advertising

        17
           W hether to order a reference of the accounting to a third-party accountant or m aster is within the
discretion of the trial court. Shanklin v. Moseley, 287 S.W . 121, 123 (Tex.Civ.App.–Dallas 1926, no writ)
(questions fit for reference m ay be determ ined by the court itself “whenever it can conveniently do so with the
saving of tim e and expense”). It is also within the discretion of the trial court to “properly tax the cost of an
auditor’s fee and all other costs against [a party] who keeps the books of the com pany in such a m anner that
the appointm ent of the auditor becam e necessary . . . and in arriving at an intelligent accounting between the

                                                       13
and Policy Committee of the Avis Rent A Car System v. Avis Rent A Car System, 780
S.W.2d 391, 400 (Tex.App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 1989), vacated and rem’d due to

settlement, 796 S.W.2d 707 (Tex. 1990); Ferguson v. Ferguson, 327 S.W.2d 787, 789

(Tex.Civ.App.–Fort Worth 1959), rev’d on other grounds, 161 Tex. 184, 338 S.W.2d 945

(1960). Where relief is justified, a trial court’s failure to order an accounting is cause for

reversal.     Southwest Livestock           & Trucking Co. v. Dooley, 884 S.W.2d 805, 811

(Tex.App.–San Antonio 1994, writ denied).

        Here, an accounting remedy was sought in connection with Lewis and Kincannon’s

claim for breach of their investment contracts. Lewis and Kincannon testified they did not

receive any return under their contracts. Their contracts contained an express provision

requiring periodic accounting by Xium and Xium provided no accounting. Thus, Lewis and

Kincannon’s evidence at trial established Xium had a contractual duty to provide Lewis and

Kincannon with an accounting and Xium breached its duty.

        An action for accounting may also be founded in equity; T.R.W. Management, Inc.

v. Westwood Shores Property Owners Ass’n, 79 S.W.3d 712, 717 (Tex.App.–Houston [14th

Dist.] 2002, pet. denied); Southwest Livestock, 884 S.W.2d at 810, where the decision

parties.” Navarro v. Lamana, 179 S.W . 922, 923-24 (Tex.Civ.App.–El Paso 1915, writ ref’d) (where a party’s
im proper conduct occasions the litigation and the necessity for appointing an auditor, the trial court did not
im properly exercise its discretion in taxing all costs against him ).

                                                      14
whether to grant the accounting is within the sound discretion of the trial court.18 Michael,
41 S.W.3d at 754; Southwest Livestock, 884 S.W.2d at 810. Such a remedy is proper

when the facts and accounts presented are so complex that adequate relief may not be

obtained at law. Hutchings v. Chevron U.S.A., 862 S.W.2d 752, 762 (Tex.App.–El Paso

1993, writ denied) (citing Richardson v. First Nat’l Life Ins. Co., 419 S.W.2d 836, 838 (Tex.

1967). See also Sauceda, 164 S.W.3d at 928; T.R.W., 79 S.W.3d at 717-718. When a

party can obtain adequate relief at law through the use of standard discovery procedures,

such as requests for production and interrogatories, a trial court does not err in not ordering

an accounting. T.F.W., 79 S.W.3d at 718.

        Here, regular discovery practices proved inadequate to determine the amount of

royalties, if any, that remained unpaid. Despite Lewis and Kincannon’s detailed request

for production of documents and subsequent motion to compel, the uncontroverted

testimony of Lewis and Kincannon’s accountant, Kile, showed Xium’s production and

supplemental production were “really meaningless” or “useless.” Few, if any, of the

requested documents were produced to Lewis and Kincannon, and those documents

produced were either incomplete for the time period requested or incomplete in

themselves. In addition, Xium objected to each investor request asserting the information

sought was “confidential and proprietary.” Under the circumstances, normal discovery

procedures were inadequate.

        18
          In m atters of equity, a trial court abuses its discretion if it acts: (1) arbitrarily, unreasonably, or
without regard to guiding legal principles; or (2) without supporting evidence. W elder v. Green, 985 S.W .2d
170, 180 (Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 1998, pet. denied).

                                                       15
        Xium asserts Lewis and Kincannon were not entitled to the accounting remedy

because they did not request an accounting in their original or first amended petitions.

Xium’s argument is baseless. In their first amended petition, Lewis and Kincannon sought

“an accounting of the expenditures, expenses and income of [Xium and Dockery] involved

in the marketing of ‘Spilateral’ technology since the date of [Lewis and Kincannon’s] initial

investment upon which royalties would be computed.” Lewis and Kincannon’s first

amended petition sufficiently pled an action for accounting; see Bly v. Harvey, 397 S.W.2d
893, 895 (Tex.Civ.App.–Texarkana 1965, writ ref’d n.r.e.), and damages. T-P Inv. Corp.

v. Winter, 400 S.W.2d 957, 959 (Tex.Civ.App.–Waco 1966, writ dism’d).

        Xium next asserts that its “Royalty Summaries” were an accounting. An accounting

is a “system of recording and summarizing business and financial transactions in books

and analyzing, verifying and reporting the results.” New Jersey Bank (N.A.) V. Knuckley,

637 S.W.2d 920, 921 (Tex. 1982).19 Dockery’s ex parte affidavit and attached “Royalty

Summaries” were hearsay and, as such, wholly incompetent and without probative force.20

See Sammons Enterprises, Inc. v. Manley, 540 S.W.2d 751, 757 (Tex.Civ.App.–Texarkana

1976, writ ref’d n.r.e.); Ward v. National Benev. Soc., 155 S.W.2d 994, 996

        19
           An accounting is also defined as a “record of debit and credit entries to cover transactions involving
a particular item . . . .” M erriam W ebster’s Collegiate Dictionary 8 (11 th ed. 2003). See also Black’s Law
Dictionary 18 (8 th Ed. 2004).

        20
          The “Royalty Sum m aries” were subm itted to prove the truth of the m atter asserted, i.e., the royalties
due. Moreover, the record does not reflect who prepared the “Royalty Sum m aries” or contain any attem pt to
establish the accuracy of their contents.            See Perkins v. Springstun, 557 S.W .2d 343, 345
(Tex.Civ.App.–Austin 1977, writ ref’d n.r.e.). Kile testified that Xium did not produce any docum ents to Lewis
and Kincannon from which he could verify the calculations contained in the “Royalty Sum m aries.”

                                                        16
(Tex.Civ.App.–Galveston 1941, no writ). As such, the “Royalty Summaries” were not an

accounting.

       Xium’s assertion that Lewis and Kincannon failed to prove their damages, and the

trial court’s judgment, assumes the proposition to be proven through an accounting, i.e.,

whether Lewis and Kincannon are entitled to any return. In the absence of adequate

discovery or a verified accounting, Lewis and Kincannon were unable to prove their

damages; see generally Winter, 400 S.W.2d at 959 (“[t]he very nature of the prayer for

accounting [makes] it unnecessary for plaintiff to allege a certain and specific amount of

damages or sum due”), because Xium controls all the necessary information. Lewis and

Kincannon’s evidence shows that, based upon their long-standing personal relationships,

Dockery proposed the sale of the royalties while representing that Lewis and Kincannon

would reap substantial profits, promised accountings, supervised the sale of the

technology, collected the money, and made all the expenditures. Lewis and Kincannon,

on the other hand, were more akin to silent partners. They had no voice in the enterprise

and knew nothing of the financial status or details of Xium’s Spilateral business enterprise.

As such, absent adequate disclosure or an accounting, Xium held, and continues to hold,

the exclusive power to establish whether there were no profits from the sale of its Spilateral

technology.

       We find the directed verdict was improper because Lewis and Kincannon produced

evidence Xium had a contractual duty to provide an accounting and breached that duty.

                                             17
Moreover, regular discovery practices have proven inadequate. Despite their submission

of detailed document requests, Lewis and Kincannon have yet to obtain sufficient

information to determine whether there were profits from the sale of Xium’s Spilateral

technology and royalties due. Under the standards thus established, we conclude the trial

court erred and/or abused its discretion by denying the imposition of an accounting. See

Sauceda, 164 S.W.3d at 928.

       We sustain Lewis and Kincannon’s first and second points of error. The remaining

points of error are pretermitted; see Tex. R. App. P. 47.1, and Xium’s cross-point for

sanctions is denied.

                                    CONCLUSION

       The trial court’s judgment is reversed and remanded for further proceedings

consistent with this opinion.

                                                Patrick A. Pirtle
                                                    Justice

                                           18