Court Opinion

ID: 9404879
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-06-26 17:09:51.471461+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:17.778917
License: Public Domain

J-S07036-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA              :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                           :        PENNSYLVANIA
                    Appellee               :
                                           :
              v.                           :
                                           :
 MELVIN KING                               :
                                           :
                    Appellant              :        No. 866 EDA 2020

     Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 14, 2020
           In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
           Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0008683-2014

BEFORE: DUBOW, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and KING, J.

MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.:                                 FILED JUNE 26, 2023

      Appellant, Melvin King, appeals from the judgment of sentence entered

in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, following revocation of his

probation. We affirm.

      The trial court opinion set forth the relevant facts and procedural history

of this case as follows:

         In 2015, Appellant was found guilty by the [the trial court]
         of two violations of the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device,
         and Cosmetic Act [at No. 8683-2014]. Appellant was
         sentenced to twenty-one to forty-two months’ confinement,
         with three years of probation to follow[, with credit for time
         served]. In 2018, [while serving the probationary portion
         of his sentence,] Appellant was charged [at No. 3697-2018]
         with three violations of the Uniform Firearms Act and two
         violations of the Crimes Code in relation to his involvement
         in a gunfight in Philadelphia. Because [the original jurist]
         was no longer sitting in the Criminal Section of the Trial
         Division at that time, Appellant’s matter was assigned to [a
         new jurist]. In 2019, Appellant proceeded to trial and was
         found guilty by a jury of one violation of the Uniform
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        Firearms Act….

        After considering Appellant’s presentence [investigation]
        report [(“PSI”)], Appellant’s mental health report,
        submissions by the Commonwealth and Appellant,
        Appellant’s prior record score, the sentencing guidelines,
        and the purposes of the sentencing code, [the court]
        sentenced Appellant to six to twelve years’ confinement [at
        No. 3697-2018]. Based on this new conviction, [the c]ourt
        also found Appellant in direct violation of his probation and
        accordingly revoked Appellant’s probation [at No. 8683-
        2014]. [The c]ourt then resentenced Appellant to two-and-
        a-half to five years’ confinement, to be served concurrently
        with the sentence imposed for Appellant’s new conviction.

(Trial Court Opinion, filed 11/2/21, at 1-2).    Appellant did not file post-

sentence motions at No. 8683-2014.

     Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal from the revocation sentence at

No. 8683-2014 on March 6, 2020.      On March 10, 2020, the court ordered

Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors complained on of

appeal, and Appellant subsequently complied.

     On appeal, Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

        Whether the sentencing court abused its discretion by
        imposing a sentence after a probation violation that was not
        based upon the gravity of the violation, the extent of
        Appellant’s record, his prospect of rehabilitation, nor an
        assessment of the mitigating and aggravating factors as
        noted in 42 Pa.C.S. Section 9721 of the Sentencing Code.

        Whether the evidence was insufficient as a matter of law to
        make a determination that Appellant was in direct violation
        of the terms and conditions of his probation when the
        Commonwealth failed to establish the specific conditions of
        probation during the revocation hearing and the initial
        sentencing court did not advise Appellant of all the
        conditions of his probation at the initial sentencing hearing.

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(Appellant’s Brief at 7).

      In his first issue, Appellant argues the court abused its discretion in

imposing an unreasonable sentence following revocation. Appellant avers the

court ignored mitigating factors from the Sentencing Code, such as his

personal characteristics, the extent of his prior record, the gravity of the

offense in relation to the community, and Appellant’s rehabilitative needs.

Appellant concludes this Court should vacate the judgment of sentence or

remand for resentencing. As presented, Appellant’s first claim challenges the

discretionary aspects of sentencing.   See Commonwealth v. Lutes, 793

A.2d 949 (Pa.Super. 2002) (stating claim that sentence is manifestly

excessive challenges discretionary aspects of sentencing); Commonwealth

v. Cruz-Centeno, 668 A.2d 536 (Pa.Super. 1995), appeal denied, 544 Pa.

653, 676 A.2d 1195 (1996) (explaining claim that court did not consider

mitigating factors challenges discretionary aspects of sentencing).

      “Challenges to the discretionary aspects of sentencing do not entitle an

appellant to an appeal as of right.” Commonwealth v. Phillips, 946 A.2d

103, 112 (Pa.Super. 2008), cert. denied, 556 U.S. 1264, 129 S.Ct. 2450, 174

L.Ed.2d 240 (2009). Prior to reaching the merits of a discretionary aspect of

sentencing issue:

         We conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether
         appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P.
         902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved
         at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify
         sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; (3) whether appellant’s
         brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether

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          there is a substantial question that the sentence appealed
          from is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42
          Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).

Commonwealth v. Griffin, 65 A.3d 932, 935 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal

denied, 621 Pa. 682, 76 A.3d 538 (2013) (quoting Commonwealth v. Evans,

901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal denied, 589 Pa. 727, 909 A.2d

303 (2006)). Generally, objections to the discretionary aspects of a sentence

are waived if they are not raised at the sentencing hearing or in a motion to

modify the sentence imposed at that hearing.       Commonwealth v. Mann,

820 A.2d 788, 794 (Pa.Super. 2003), appeal denied, 574 Pa. 759, 831 A.2d

599 (2003).

       Instantly, Appellant did not challenge the discretionary aspects of his

sentence at the time of sentencing or in a post-sentence motion.1 Therefore,

Appellant’s first issue is waived. See id. Moreover, even if Appellant had

preserved a discretionary aspects challenge, it would not merit relief.

“Revocation of a probation sentence is a matter committed to the sound

discretion of the trial court and that court’s decision will not be disturbed on

appeal in the absence of an error of law or an abuse of discretion.”

Commonwealth v. Colon, 102 A.3d 1033, 1041 (Pa.Super. 2014).                  A

____________________________________________

1 We note Appellant did file a post-sentence motion on February 18, 2020,
wherein he challenged the weight of the evidence supporting his convictions
at No. 3697-2018. The post-sentence motion did not include any challenge
to the new revocation sentence imposed at No. 8683-2014, and the court
denied the motion on February 25, 2020.

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sentence should not be disturbed where it is evident the court was aware of

the appropriate sentencing considerations and weighed them in a meaningful

fashion. Commonwealth v. Fish, 752 A.2d 921, 923 (Pa.Super. 2000).

      “[U]pon sentencing following a revocation of probation, the trial court is

limited only by the maximum sentence that it could have imposed originally

at the time of the probationary sentence.” Commonwealth v. Coolbaugh,

770 A.2d 788, 792 (Pa.Super. 2001). A court can sentence a defendant to

total confinement after revoking probation if the defendant was convicted of

another crime, the defendant’s conduct indicates it is likely that he will commit

another crime if he is not imprisoned, or such a sentence is essential to

vindicate the court’s authority. Commonwealth v. Crump, 995 A.2d 1280

(Pa.Super. 2010), appeal denied, 608 Pa. 661, 13 A.3d 475 (2010). If the

sentencing court has the benefit of a PSI report, the law presumes the court

was aware of the relevant information regarding the defendant’s character

and weighed those considerations along with any mitigating factors.

Commonwealth v. Tirado, 870 A.2d 362, 368 (Pa.Super. 2005).

         A [PSI] report constitutes the record and speaks for itself.
         In order to dispel any lingering doubt as to our intention of
         engaging in an effort of legal purification, we state clearly
         that [sentencing courts] are under no compulsion to employ
         checklists or any extended or systematic definitions of their
         punishment procedure. Having been fully informed by the
         [PSI] report, the sentencing court’s discretion should not be
         disturbed. This is particularly true, we repeat, in those
         circumstances where it can be demonstrated that the judge
         had any degree of awareness of the sentencing
         considerations, and there we will presume also that the
         weighing process took place in a meaningful fashion.

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Commonwealth v. Devers, 519 Pa. 88, 102, 546 A.2d 12, 18 (1988).

      Instantly, Appellant addressed the court at the revocation hearing.

Appellant took responsibility for his possession of the firearm, and he

explained that he “felt the need for protection in the type of neighborhood

that I lived in.”   (See N.T. Revocation Hearing, 2/14/20, at 13).          Despite

Appellant’s statement, the court revoked probation, imposed a new sentence,

and emphasized:

         I have considered the [PSI report], the mental health report,
         the submissions by the Commonwealth and defense, prior
         record score report, sentencing guidelines, purposes of the
         sentencing code.

         [Appellant], there are several issues here. One is that
         basically you’ve been dealing drugs, it looks like
         consistently, since 1998 as an adult. Before that, as a
         juvenile since 1994. It’s been like a business it looks like.
         In and out of juvenile facilities. As an adult, you have 19
         arrests, 15 convictions, 20 commitments. In the county
         prison, state prison, violations, but it’s all for drug dealing.

                                   *    *    *

         I don’t think you ever stopped drug dealing from what I can
         tell because the most recent arrest for drug dealing was
         January 20th of 2018 and that was when [another jurist]
         imposed a sentence of 9 to 23 months of incarceration. This
         incident then happened, it looks like, on April 29th of 2018,
         which I think was an incident that happened just five months
         after the January arrest. I don’t know what’s going on, but
         people tell me drugs is not a violent crime, it’s a nonviolent
         crime. It’s not. It leads to shootings. I don’t know why
         people are shooting at you and you were shooting at people,
         but, considering everything else in this case, I don’t think
         that the guidelines of 72 to 90 in terms of the—should be
         eight or nine years, but there is a major problem. You’ve
         been dealing drugs most of your life. I don’t know what else

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          to say. A shooting on the street like this, I saw the video,
          as did the jury many times. I think you should get all the
          necessary medical treatment. That has nothing to do with
          where you’re at in terms of—and I will send an email to the
          state prison people detailing the medical condition,[2] the
          medications you’re taking and other things, and ma[k]e
          sure that they have that.

(Id. at 14-16).      Thereafter, the court revoked probation and resentenced

Appellant to two and one-half (2½) to five (5) years of imprisonment at No.

8683-2014.

       In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the court elaborated on the reasoning for

Appellant’s new sentence:

          [The] court followed the fundamental norms of the
          sentencing process and appropriately sentenced Appellant
          after revoking his probation. Prior to sentencing Appellant
          on both his firearm conviction and violation of probation in
          this case, [the] court reviewed Appellant’s [PSI] report, his
          mental health evaluation, the Commonwealth’s sentencing
          memorandum, submissions from Appellant’s family,
          Appellant’s prior record score, the sentencing guidelines
          form required by the Pennsylvania Commission on
          Sentencing, and finally, the stated purposes of the
          Sentencing Code. The record therefore reflects [the] court’s
          careful consideration of the facts of Appellant’s crime and
          character.      [The] court expressed concerns about
          Appellant’s extensive prior record, noting that Appellant had
          previously been arrested nineteen times, convicted fifteen
          times, violated probation or parole nineteen times, and
          committed to prison twenty times, including for violations of
          probation or parole.

                                       *       *   *

____________________________________________

2 Earlier in the hearing, Appellant explained that he suffered from “non-
ischemic cardiomyopathy,” and he received a pacemaker for this condition.
(N.T. Revocation Hearing at 13).

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         A sentence of total confinement was both appropriate and
         permissible, as his conviction in this case was punishable by
         total confinement, and Appellant had been convicted of
         another crime.       Appellant’s new sentence of total
         confinement was additionally far less than the maximum
         sentence that could have been imposed at the time of
         Appellant’s probationary sentence. Appellant’s [possession
         with the intent to deliver] conviction alone carried a
         maximum sentence of twenty years, a fact Appellant
         acknowledged when he signed the jury waiver colloquy
         form.    Moreover, because the new sentence of total
         confinement was imposed concurrently, Appellant will be
         able to complete this sentence at the same time he serves
         the sentence ordered in his 2019 firearm conviction.

(Trial Court Opinion at 19-20) (some capitalization omitted).

      Here, the record makes clear that the court adequately considered the

general principles of sentencing, as well as the PSI report. The presence of a

PSI report allows us to presume that the court was aware of Appellant’s

character and mitigating factors, and the court’s discretion while using a PSI

report should not be disturbed. See Devers, supra; Tirado, supra. Under

these circumstances, we cannot fault the court for determining that

Appellant’s new arrest and conviction while on probation weighed in favor of

the new sentence of incarceration. See Colon, supra.

      In his second issue, Appellant asserts that the revocation court did not

hear evidence on the probation violation and did not allow Appellant to defend

against the violation. Appellant alleges “there is no evidence on the record to

support and sustain the conviction for the violation and the resulting judgment

of sentence.” (Appellant’s Brief at 15). Appellant concludes that this Court

should vacate his judgment of sentence or remand for resentencing.         We

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disagree.

      The following principles apply to our review of a probation revocation:

         When assessing whether to revoke probation, the trial court
         must balance the interests of society in preventing future
         criminal conduct by the defendant against the possibility of
         rehabilitating the defendant outside of prison. In order to
         uphold a revocation of probation, the Commonwealth must
         show by a preponderance of the evidence that a defendant
         violated his probation.

Colon, supra at 1041 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). “[A]

court may find a defendant in violation of probation only if the defendant has

violated one of the ‘specific conditions’ of probation included in the probation

order or has committed a new crime.” Commonwealth v. Foster, 654 Pa.

266, 282, 214 A.3d 1240, 1250 (2019) (emphasis added). “Revocation and

resentencing are warranted if, in the face of a new criminal act or the violation

of a condition of probation, the court finds that probation is no longer

achieving its desired aims of rehabilitation and deterring criminal activity.”

Id. at 284, 214 A.3d at 1251.

      Instantly, while on probation for the offense at No. 8683-2014,

Appellant committed a new offense. The Commonwealth charged Appellant

with the new offense at No. 3697-2018, and a jury found him guilty of violating

the Uniform Firearms Act. This conviction alone warranted the revocation of

Appellant’s probation. See id. Consequently, the record supports the court’s

determination that Appellant violated his probation based on his conviction for

a new crime. See Colon, supra.

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      To the extent Appellant also claims that he did not have an opportunity

to raise any defense, we note that the court conducted revocation proceedings

immediately after imposing the sentence for Appellant’s firearms conviction at

No. 3697-2018. At that time, defense counsel reminded the court that it still

needed to address the probation violation at No. 8683-2014.         (See N.T.

Revocation Hearing at 17). At that point, Appellant could have attempted to

provide some type of defense, but he did not. Thus, the court imposed the

new sentence at No. 8683-2014, and Appellant indicated that he understood

the sentence imposed. (Id.) On this record, Appellant is not entitled to relief

on his second claim. Accordingly, we affirm.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 6/26/2023

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