Court Opinion

ID: 3162749
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-12-15 20:05:18.74896+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:38:42.862178
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

                                 NO. 2014-KA-01404-COA

TIMOTHY ANTONIO MCCORMICK A/K/A                                                APPELLANT
TIMOTHY A. MCCORMICK A/K/A TIMOTHY
MCCORMICK

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI                                                             APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                            09/10/2014
TRIAL JUDGE:                                 HON. MICHAEL H. WARD
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                   HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                      OFFICE OF STATE PUBLIC DEFENDER
                                             BY: ERIN ELIZABETH PRIDGEN
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:                       OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                             BY: JEFFREY A. KLINGFUSS
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:                           JOEL SMITH
NATURE OF THE CASE:                          CRIMINAL - FELONY
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:                     CONVICTED OF ROBBERY AND
                                             SENTENCED AS A HABITUAL OFFENDER
                                             TO SERVE FIFTEEN YEARS IN THE
                                             CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI
                                             DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
DISPOSITION:                                 AFFIRMED – 12/15/2015
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

       BEFORE IRVING, P.J., BARNES AND JAMES, JJ.

       IRVING, P.J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    In this appeal, we are called upon to determine whether Timothy McCormick’s

statutory and constitutional rights to a speedy trial were violated. Finding that his rights were

not violated, we affirm.
                                          FACTS

¶2.    On January 16, 2006, McCormick was arrested for robbery. He was indicted on

October 9, 2006. On January 22, 2007, McCormick waived arraignment and entered a not-

guilty plea. The trial court entered a scheduling order and set a trial date for May 7, 2007.

On January 25, 2007, McCormick filed two motions: one demanding a speedy trial and one

seeking a dismissal of the indictment because of an alleged violation of his constitutional

right to a speedy trial.

¶3.    McCormick failed to appear for trial on May 7, 2007. On that day, a judgment nisi

was entered by the trial court against McCormick and his bonding company. This judgment

was made final on September 11, 2007. In both orders, the trial court ordered McCormick’s

immediate arrest.

¶4.    A March 25, 2008 docket entry states: “Filing recorded: Surrender of Timothy

Antonio McCormick by Jamel Bonding 3/20; CNV recorded the following Case Action Note:

Def[endant] missing court and new charges in GA-DOC until 2013 (projected release date).”

This surrender notice was also filed with the Harrison County Sheriff’s Office. According

to the docket, nothing further occurred until January 31, 2012, when the sheriff’s department

filed a detainer request to be sent to the Georgia Department of Corrections to obtain custody

of McCormick. Eventually, McCormick waived extradition and was transported from

Georgia to Mississippi. The extradition waiver is dated July 1, 2013, the extradition order

is dated July 2, 2013, and McCormick arrived in Mississippi on or about July 12, 2013.

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¶5.    On August 13, 2013, McCormick filed a request for discovery, a demand for a speedy

trial, and a motion to suppress.       On September 3, 2013, McCormick again waived

arraignment and entered a not-guilty plea. At that time, trial was scheduled for December

2, 2013. McCormick filed a pro se motion on October 1, 2013, requesting a speedy trial. On

December 2, 2013, the trial court granted a continuance at McCormick’s request and set the

trial for March 10, 2014. On March 7, 2014, McCormick’s counsel, Wilton McNair, filed

a motion to withdraw. The record does not indicate whether the trial court ruled on the

motion to withdraw; however, McNair represented McCormick during trial.

¶6.    On June 3, 2014, the trial court granted another continuance at McCormick’s request

and reset trial for September 8, 2014. McCormick filed another pro se motion for a speedy

trial on July 18, 2014. On September 8, 2014, after hearing arguments concerning

McCormick’s motion for a speedy trial, the trial court denied the motion. The trial began on

September 9, 2014, and the jury found McCormick guilty of robbery. McCormick was

sentenced as a habitual offender to fifteen years in the custody of the Mississippi Department

of Corrections.

¶7.    McCormick filed post-trial motions, which the trial court denied. He now appeals,

asserting that his right to a speedy trial was violated.

                                 STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶8.    In DeLoach v. State, 722 So. 2d 512, 516 (¶12) (Miss. 1998) (internal citations

omitted), the Mississippi Supreme Court set forth the standard of review for speedy-trial

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violations as follows:

       Review of a speedy trial claim encompasses the fact question of whether the
       trial delay [a]rose from good cause. Under this [c]ourt’s standard of review,
       this Court will uphold a decision based on substantial, credible evidence. If
       no probative evidence supports the trial court’s finding of good cause, this
       Court will ordinarily reverse. The [S]tate bears the burden of proving good
       cause for a speedy trial delay, and thus bears the risk of non-persuasion.

                                       DISCUSSION

       1.     Statutory Right to a Speedy Trial

¶9.    McCormick asserts his statutory right to a speedy trial was violated under Mississippi

Code Annotated section 99-17-1 (Rev. 2015), which states: “[U]nless good cause be shown,

and a continuance duly granted by the court, all offenses for which indictments are presented

to the court shall be tried no later than two hundred seventy (270) days after the accused has

been arraigned.” We analyze statutory speedy-trial rights using a two-part test: (1) determine

the total number of days between arraignment and trial, and (2) consider each delay

separately, because only those delays attributable to the State count toward the 270 days.

Manix v. State, 895 So. 2d 167, 174 (¶9) (Miss. 2005). We do not count the date of

arraignment, but the date of trial and weekends are counted unless the 270th day falls on a

Sunday. Adams v. State, 583 So. 2d 165, 167 (Miss. 1991). For the second step this Court

must determine which party is responsible for the delay and their reason. Sharp v. State, 786

So. 2d 372, 377 (¶5) (Miss. 2001).

¶10.   McCormick’s waiver of arraignment occurred on January 22, 2007, and his trial was

ultimately held September 9, 2014. This is clearly past the 270-day requirement. However,

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a majority of the elapsed time was attributable to McCormick.

¶11.   The first block of time to be considered is from arraignment, January 22, 2007, to the

first date set for trial, May 7, 2007. Accounting for 105 days, this does not appear overly

lengthy for trial preparation. See id. at 378 (¶6). The next block of time consists of the time

between McCormick’s initial trial date and his return to Mississippi, which includes his

incarceration in Georgia. Although the State asserted that it was unaware of McCormick’s

location until 2012, when it was notified by the sheriff’s department, that fact does not shield

the State from any obligatory legal action that it otherwise would have been required to take

because, as stated, the sheriff’s department was aware of McCormick’s whereabouts as early

as March 2008, when McCormick’s bail bondsman filed the surrender notice. What the

sheriff’s department knew is imputed to the State. See Cressionnie v. State, 797 So. 2d 289,

292 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2001); see also Bridgeman v. State, 58 So. 3d 1208, 1216 (¶36)

(Miss. Ct. App. 2010). However, since McCormick did not make a demand for a speedy trial

while incarcerated in Georgia, the State was not obligated to do anything. Cummings v.

State, So. 2d 673, 675 (Miss. 1969).

¶12.   In any event, in early 2012, the State started the process to extradite McCormick, and,

as stated, McCormick was returned to Mississippi on July 12, 2013. The period of time

between McCormick’s initial trial date and the date of his return to Mississippi is huge and

significant; however, we find that this time should not be counted against the State because,

as stated, McCormick made no formal demand for a speedy trial, and the State, in the

                                               5
absence of a demand, was not obligated to do anything during this period. Cummings, So.

2d at 675.

¶13.   Once McCormick was returned to Mississippi, he was appointed counsel and had a

trial date set for December 2, 2013. During this period, McCormick filed two requests for

a speedy trial. Prior to trial, however, McCormick requested a continuance. The continuance

was granted, and trial was rescheduled for March 10, 2014. On June 3, 2014, the trial court

granted another continuance at McCormick’s request and reset trial for September 8, 2014.

The record does not indicate why trial did not begin March 10, 2014. The delay resulting

from McCormick’s two continuances is charged against him. Sharp, 786 So. 2d at 378 (¶7).

In his two motions for a continuance, McCormick stated that he “waive[d] speedy trial rights

or objections.” Thus, McCormick’s right to assert a speedy-trial violation was waived. See

Summers v. State, 914 So. 2d 245, 254 (¶23) (Miss. Ct. App. 2005).

¶14.   During the post-trial hearing on McCormick’s speedy-trial issue, McCormick testified

that some of the delay (post-extradition) was due to the State’s attempt to negotiate a plea

deal. According to McCormick, the State approached him more than once, but he declined.

¶15.   Regardless of any waiver by McCormick, we cannot find a statutory speedy-trial

violation. The majority of the time between arraignment and trial was attributable to

McCormick, and any other delays resulted from McCormick’s requests for continuances or

the State’s attempt to negotiate a plea deal. McCormick should not benefit from skipping

trial and then complaining after the fact that he was denied a speedy trial. This issue is

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without merit.

       2.      Constitutional Right to a Speedy Trial

¶16.   McCormick also contends his constitutional right to a speedy trial was violated. Since

there is no set amount of time within which a defendant must be brought to trial, the United

States Supreme Court has developed a balancing test to determine whether a defendant’s

constitutional right to a speedy trial has been violated. Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 530

(1972). The four factors to be considered together and balanced are: (1) the length of delay,

(2) the reason for the delay, (3) the defendant’s assertion of his right, and (4) prejudice to the

defendant. Id. at 530-32; Stark v. State, 911 So. 2d 447, 450 (¶7) (Miss. 2005).

       A. Length of the Delay

¶17.   Under Barker, “[t]he length of the delay is to some extent a triggering mechanism.

Until there is some delay which is presumptively prejudicial, there is no necessity for inquiry

into the other factors that go into the balance.” Barker, 407 U.S. at 530. In Mississippi, any

delay from the date of arrest, indictment, or information until trial exceeding eight months

is presumptively prejudicial. Stark, 911 So. 2d at 449-50 (¶7) (citing Smith v. State, 550 So.

2d 406, 408 (Miss. 1989)). McCormick was arrested on January 16, 2006, and his trial

finally began on September 9, 2014.           Since the delay exceeds eight months, it is

presumptively prejudicial, and the cause of the delay must be analyzed under the remaining

Barker factors.

       B. Reason for the Delay

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¶18.     “Once a delay is found to be presumptively prejudicial, the burden of proof shifts to

the State to show cause for the delay.” Stark, 911 So. 2d at 450 (¶11). The appellate court

must determine whether the delay should be charged to the State or the defendant. Id. Since

the burden is on the State to provide a defendant with a speedy trial, this factor is weighed

against the State unless it can show either that the delay was caused by the defendant or that

the delay was for a good cause. Id.; Wiley v. State, 582 So. 2d 1008, 1012 (Miss. 1991).

¶19.     As previously stated, the majority of the delay is attributable to McCormick since he

fled the state prior to trial. After extradition back to Mississippi, McCormick further delayed

trial by filing two requests for continuances. “Well-taken” motions for continuance may

justify a delay in a criminal case. Flora v. State, 925 So. 2d 797, 815 (¶63) (Miss. 2006).

         C. Assertion of the Right to Speedy Trial

¶20.     As previously stated, McCormick did assert his right to a speedy trial.

         D. Prejudice to the Defendant

¶21.     The supreme court has identified three main considerations in determining whether

the accused has been prejudiced by a lengthy delay: “(1) preventing oppressive pretrial

incarceration; (2) minimizing anxiety and concern of the accused; and (3) limiting the

possibility that the defense will be impaired.” Jefferson v. State, 818 So. 2d 1099, 1108 (¶21)

(Miss. 2002) (internal quotations omitted). “Generally, proof of prejudice entails the loss of

evidence, death of witnesses, or staleness of an investigation.” Sharp, 786 So. 2d at 381

(¶19).

                                               8
¶22.   McCormick contends his defense was impaired because the area around the grocery

store that he robbed had drastically changed since January 26, 2006, the day of the robbery.

Part of McCormick’s defense was that he was patronizing a nearby casino and was picked

up from the casino by James Ferrell. The men were subsequently stopped by the local police,

who searched the vehicle and discovered cash and a receipt from the grocery store.

However, a witness testified that he saw a man matching McCormick’s description leave the

grocery store at the time of the robbery. This witness followed the car McCormick had

gotten into until the local police pulled the car over. Since McCormick is responsible for the

bulk of the delay for which he now claims prejudice, we find his argument unconvincing.

This issue is without merit.

¶23. THE JUDGMENT OF THE HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT OF
CONVICTION OF ROBBERY AND SENTENCE AS A HABITUAL OFFENDER OF
FIFTEEN YEARS IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF
CORRECTIONS IS AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED
TO HARRISON COUNTY.

    LEE, C.J., GRIFFIS, P.J., BARNES, ISHEE, CARLTON, MAXWELL, FAIR,
JAMES AND WILSON, JJ., CONCUR.

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