Court Opinion

ID: 9455385
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-04 19:20:41.646987+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:34:34.785385
License: Public Domain

ANDERSON, Circuit Judge:
The A & S Electronic Die Corp. and the A & S. Steel Rule Die Corp. are affiliated companies which are operated as single business enterprise. The A & S factory, at which approximately 70 non-supervisory workers are employed, is located in Long Island City, Queens. Prior to the events which brought about the present petition,1 A & S had experienced no union organizing activity.
The facts found by the Trial Examiner were substantially as follows. On March 2, 1967, Israel Cruz, one of the four A & S truck drivers, signed an authorization card for Local 807 of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America, and he secured the signatures of two of his fellow drivers, Andrew Reynolds and Juan Rivera. Their cards were turned over to the Teamsters’ local, which, on March 7, filed a petition with the Board for a unit limited to the four A & S drivers. At the same time it sent a letter to Walter Solmsen, president of A & S, requesting recognition as bargaining agent for the drivers.
Solmsen, who had not been aware of any union activity, called the drivers to his office on March 8th. Cruz arrived first and conversed privately with Solmsen. Solmsen told Cruz that he had received a letter from the Teamsters, and asked if Cruz was one of the employees who favored unionization. When Cruz said that he was, Solmsen stated “maybe we can settle this without a union” and offered Cruz a $10 per week raise if he would “forget the union.” When Cruz rejected the offer, Solmsen said if the men wanted a union, he would not fight it.
The other three drivers, Reynolds, Rivera and John Sojourner then arrived at Solmsen’s office, and Solmsen repeated that the Teamsters claimed to represent a majority of the drivers, and asked if this were true. Rivera and Reynolds both said that they had signed for the union, but Sojourner said that he had not. Solmsen again stated that if they wanted a union, they could have one, and terminated the interview.
About a week after the interviews, organizers of another union, Local 106 of the International Production, Service and Sales Union, appeared at the A & S truck bay during the employees’ lunch break, passed out authorization cards and urged the men to sign up. Elliot Klein, the A & S purchasing clerk, and Kurt Lobbenberg (known as Loeb), the A & S shipping foreman, were present. *220Loeb, who was handing the men cards for Local 106, and Klein urged them to sign, stating “it is a good union, sign the card” and “the boss won’t mind.”
Solmsen himself also made some efforts on behalf of Local 106. Shortly thereafter, Solmsen summoned Robert Geller, an inspector for A & S, and asked if he would sign a Local 106 card “as a favor.” Geller declined, but indicated he would not oppose that union. Not long afterwards, however, Geller became active in the organizational efforts of a third union, District 65 of the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, AFL-CIO. When Solmsen learned of Geller’s activity on behalf of District 65, he again called Geller to his office and asked him why he had changed his mind and had become “involved.” When Geller stated that he felt District 65 would be the best union for the employees, Solmsen indicated that things would remain the same no matter which union was chosen, and the conversation ended.
Prior to the receipt by Solmsen of the letter from the Teamsters, both Cruz and Reynolds were receiving substantial overtime work. Following the interviews of March 8, the overtime of both these drivers was reduced to less than one hour per week, while that of Sojourner, who had not signed a Teamsters' authorization, showed significant increases. Rivera, who had signed an authorization card, had received little or no overtime work prior to March 8, and his situation remained unchanged. A & S offered no explanation for the drop in Reynolds’ overtime, but did show that Cruz had been arrested by the New York police on narcotics charges (which were subsequently dismissed) and that marijuana cigarettes had been found in his truck on one occasion when another driver took over for Cruz. In addition, Cruz was habitually absent from work and refused to explain his truancy.2
Trial Examiner Martin concluded that A & S. had violated § 8(a) (1) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 158(a) (1), by offering a raise to Cruz and by interrogating Reynolds, Rivera, Sojourner and Geller as it did; it had violated § 8(a) (1) and (2), 29 U.S.C. § 158(a) (1) and (2), by the soliciting of Klein and Loeb on behalf of Local 106; and it had violated § 8(a) (1) and (3), 29 U.S.C. § 158 (a) (1) and (3), by reducing the overtime work given .to Cruz and Reynolds. The Board, without discussion, substantially adopted the Trial Examiner’s findings, conclusions and recommendations, and issued a cease and desist order together with orders to post the standard notice for sixty days and to make whole Cruz and Reynolds for their losses in overtime pay. 172 N.L.R.B. No. 168 (1968).
With regard to the offer of a 110 per week wage increase ,to Cruz, it is clear that such an offer, made to induce an employee to forswear his pro-union predilections, is violative of § 8(a) (1). Waycross Sportswear, Inc. v. NLRB, 403 F.2d 832, 835 (5 Cir.1968); NLRB v. Philamon Laboratories, Inc., 298 F.2d 176, 180 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 370 U.S. 919, 82 S.Ct. 1555, 8 L.Ed 2d 498 (1962). The company attacks the facts found on this point by arguing that “the trial examiner’s credibility finding * * * is without foundation.” But this court has consistently held that the question of credibility is to be resolved by the trial examiner. See NLRB v. Dinion Coil Co., 210 F.2d 484, 487-490 (2 Cir. 1952); NLRB v. L. E. Farrell Co., 360 F.2d 205, 207 (2 Cir. 1966).
The interrogation of Reynolds, Rivera and Sojourner presents a different question. When Solmsen received the letter from the Teamsters requesting recognition, he had a right to inquire of his employees whether they indeed desired such union representation. There are no indications that S.olmsen threatened .these three employees or in any way attempted to lure them away from the union. The questioning was neither *221harsh nor coercive; on the contrary, the atmosphere was apparently rather informal.3 Where the employer’s questions are designed simply to determine the true status of the union and are in no way threatening or coercive so as to inhibit the employees’ organizational activities, there is no violation of § 8(a) (1). See NLRB v. Firedoor Corp. of America, 291 F.2d 328, 331 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 368 U.S. 921, 82 S.Ct. 242, 7 L.Ed.2d 136 (1961); Bourne v. NLRB, 332 F.2d 47 (2 Cir. 1964); NLRB v. Milco, Inc., 388 F.2d 133, 137-138 (2 Cir. 1968). Most of Solmsen’s conversation with Geller was free from “threat of reprisal or force or promise of benefit,” and was not in violation of § 8(a) (1); but Solmsen expressly solicited Geller to sign a card in favor of Local 106 as bargaining agent. Geller also testified that Solmsen assured him that, if Local 106 got in, things in the shop would continue as they had been, with no change in Geller’s personal position, carrying with it the obvious implication that things would be different if another union got in. This was sufficient to support the Board’s conclusion that the company was in violation of § 8(a) (1) and (2). NLRB v. Midtown Service Co., Inc., 425 F.2d 665 (2 Cir. Feb. 25, 1970).
 The company also contests the Board’s finding that the solicitations by Klein and Loeb on behalf of Local 106 were violative of § 8(a) (1) and (2). It does not challenge the finding that Klein and Loeb were supervisors within the meaning of § 2(11) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 152(11), but it asserts that their actions were not improper because “no other labor organization was attempting to organize the production and shipping employees of respondents.” The absence of a competing union, however, does not insulate an employer from the finding of an unfair practice when he encourages his employees to join a particular union. Abinante & Nola Packing Co., 26 N.L.R.B. 1288, 1316-1317 (1944). See Revere Copper & Brass, Inc. v. NLRB, 324 F.2d 132, 136 (7 Cir. 1963). Where supervisory personnel distribute union authorization cards to employees and urge them to sign because “it is a union with good benefits” and “the boss approves of it,” it can hardly be said that the company was not supporting the formation of a labor union or interfering with the organizational rights of its employees, nor are such actions protected within the meaning of § 8(c), 29 U.S.C. § 158(c). Irving Air Chute Co. v. *222NLRB, 350 F.2d 176, 180-181 (2 Cir. 1965).
 The Board’s conclusion that A & S violated § 8(a) (1) and (3) by reducing the overtime work of Cruz and Reynolds because of their union activities is fully supported by the record as far as Reynolds is concerned. See NLRB v. Buddy Schoellkopf Products, Inc., 410 F.2d 82, 86-87 (5 Cir. 1969); Trumbull Asphalt Co. of Delaware v. NLRB, 314 F.2d 382, 383 (7 Cir.), cert. denied, 374 U.S. 808, 83 S.Ct. 1697, 10 L.Ed.2d 1032 (1963). Cf. Gulf Building Corp., 159 N.L.R.B. 1621, 1631-1632 (1966). With regard to Cruz, however, the Trial Examiner found on ample evidence that the company was justified in dismissing Cruz because of his frequent absences from work and because he was using the company’s truck after hours for illicit activities involving the transportation of narcotics. The improper use of the truck also justified the company in stopping his use of it in overtime work, for it was the overtime use which made the truck available to him for his own purposes.4 The Trial Examiner found, however, that that did not necessarily excuse the deletion of Cruz’s overtime between 4:30, the standard closing time, and 6:30 p. m. when Cruz customarily took the parcels to the Post Office for mailing. The company urges that for the same justifiable reasons it arranged to have the mailing taken care of by other means. The mere coincidence of the time of the termination of the overtime use of the truck by Cruz and the union’s effort at organization of the plant do not support the conclusion that the limitation on his use of the truck was a reprisal for his pro-union activities, in the absence of any supporting evidence offered by the General Counsel.
On the record as a whole, as it bears on the issue of Cruz’s overtime, we are of the opinion that the Board’s conclusion is not supported by substantial evidence and enforcement of that portion of the order should not be granted.
Enforcement of the Board’s order is granted insofar as it relates to the interrogations of Cruz and Geller, the activity in support of Local 106, and the reduction of Reynolds’ overtime. As to those portions of the order which relate to the questioning of Reynolds, Rivera and Sojourner and the reduction in Cruz’s overtime, enforcement is denied.

. Unfair labor practice charges were filed by District 65 of the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, AFL-CIO, and by Israel Cruz, a former employee, against the company. The various proceedings were consolidated and a hearing was held before the Trial Examiner on December 4, 1967.

. The complaint had also charged that the dismissal of Cruz on August 28, 1967, was in retaliation for his union activities. The Trial Examiner and the Board both found the dismissal justified and that question is, therefore, not before us.

. The only testimony on this point was that of Solmsen, himself. On direct examination he stated:
“Q. Now, tell me exactly what happened at this meeting? A. I called the men in and I told them that I was very surprised to receive a letter by the Teamsters Union that the drivers have signed up and that they have the majority of my drivers, and I wanted to know whether this was true.
And as this was confirmed to me, I said I can’t understand you boys, you have good jobs here and I can’t see any benefits by a union, but if you feel that this is what you want, you can have it. I am not going to fight any union at all.
Q. Did you say anything else to them? A. I don’t think so.
Q. Well, do you recall saying anything else to them? A. I did not.”
On cross-examination by the General Counsel, Solmsen merely confirmed his earlier testimony:
“Q. Did you ask them if they signed cards for 107? A. I don’t know what I said. I didn’t even know that you have to sign cards at that time. I may have said did you call in the union. They write they have the majority so is that true? They may have answered yes.
Q. Did they answer yes, did you know whether they had the majority? A. Yes, three men said yes.
Q. Which three men said yes? A. Israel Cruz, Juan Rivera and Andy Reynolds, and John Sojourner said he didn’t sign.”
The finding by the Trial Examiner, based on Solmsen’s testimony was:
“On cross-examination he was vague and uncertain as to what he had asked the drivers and said to them. He admitted he may have asked them if they ‘call[ed] in the union,’ and that three of them: Cruz, Reynolds and Rivera replied ‘Yes,’ and the fourth, Sojourner, replied that ‘He didn’t sign.’ ”

. As tlie Board said in its brief, p. 20:
“If, however, the driver was required to work beyond 6:30 P.M., such as to take orders to the Post Office, he could not return the truck to the plant because it was closed. Accordingly, in that case, the driver was permitted to take the truck home overnight and return it the next morning.”