Court Opinion

ID: 9690339
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-24 19:07:31.506074+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:03:40.483571
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA

                                   COURT OF APPEAL

                                     FIRST CIRCUIT

                                      2022 CA 1344

r                   LADONNA ALLEN wife of/and GARY ALLEN

                                         VERSUS

         SOUTHWEST BUILDERS, L.L.C. and WARREN VOLLENWEIDER

                                          Judgment Rendered:
                                                                    AUG 2 4 2023

                                        E3EMMM3

                                    On Appeal from the
                           Twenty -Second Judicial District Court
                            In and for the Parish of St. Tammany
                                     State of Louisiana
                                     No. 2015- 12812

                    The Honorable Richard A. Swartz, Judge Presiding

    Willard O. Lape, III                  Attorney for Plaintiffs/Appellants
    Covington, Louisiana                  Ladonna Allen wife of/and Gary Allen

    Thear Jules Lemoine                   Attorneys for Defendant/Appellee
    Taylor R. Lambert                     Maxum Indemnity Company
    New Orleans, Louisiana

            BEFORE: MCCLENDON, HOLDRIDGE, AND GREENE, JJ.
HOLDRIDGE, J.

        The    plaintiffs/ appellants,    Ladonna Allen wife of/and Gary Allen ( the

plaintiffs)   appeal the trial court' s judgment that denied their motion for summary

judgment and granted the defendant/appellee,                   Maxum Indemnity Company' s

 Maxum), cross motion for summary judgment, and dismissed the plaintiffs' claims

with prejudice.'      For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

                        FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        On July 15,      2015,    the plaintiffs filed a petition for damages naming as

defendants Southwest Builders, L.L.C. ( Southwest)                  and its managing member,

Warren Vollenweider.           The plaintiffs owned immovable property located in St.

Tammany Parish, In their petition, the plaintiffs alleged that on or about February

6, 2013, the plaintiffs entered into a construction contract with the defendants,

wherein the defendants agreed to build a custom home for the plaintiffs for the sum

of $ 515, 566. 00.    The defendant, Warren Vollenweider,                personally and directly

supervised      and    controlled      the      workmen,     subcontractors,      employees,       and

independent contractors.         The plaintiffs alleged that the work was not timely

completed, was not done in " a good and workmanlike manner," and they also alleged

that they incurred additional expenses in an attempt to alleviate the unsatisfactory

work of the defendants. The plaintiffs listed in their petition a multitude of things

that the defendants failed to do or completed in an unsatisfactory manner.                         The

plaintiffs alleged that the negligence of the defendants was a cause in fact of their

  As part of their appeal, the plaintiffs contend that the trial court erred in denying their motion for
summary judgment. Although the denial of a motion for summary judgment is an interlocutory
judgment and is appealable only when expressly provided by law, where there are cross motions
for summary judgment raising the same issues, as in this case, this court can review the denial of
a summary judgment in addressing the appeal of the granting of the cross motion for summary
judgment. Waterworks District No. 1 of Desoto Parish v. Louisiana Department of Public

Safety & Corrections, 2016- 0744 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 2117117), 214 So. 3d 1,         3, n. l, writ denied,
2017- 0470 ( La. 5/ 12/ 17), 219 So. 3d 1103.
                                                   2
damages and that constituted a breach of contract and/ or warranties under the New

Home Warranty Act (NHWA).2

       On May 10, 2018, the plaintiffs filed their " first supplemental and amending"

petition, adding two new defendants, Maxum and State Farm Fire and Casualty

Company ( State Farm).' The plaintiffs alleged that through discovery they learned

that Southwest subcontracted a portion of the labor to construct their home to

subcontractors. They also alleged that Maxum issued multiple commercial general

liability insurance policies to Southwest, wherein it agreed to indemnify Southwest

and/ or Warren Vollenweider for property damages arising out of work performed by

the subcontractors of Southwest.          Thus, the plaintiffs argued that they were entitled

to damages from Maxum for their property damages arising out of work performed

by the subcontractors of Southwest.

        On July 19, 2018, Maxum answered the plaintiffs' first supplemental and

amending petition, generally denying the plaintiffs' allegations, and filed a dilatory

exception raising the objection of prematurity.                 Maxum also asserted multiple

affirmative defenses.'      On March 18, 2022, the plaintiffs filed a motion for summary

judgment against Maxum arguing that its commercial general liability insurance

policies' issued to Southwest provided coverage for the plaintiffs' damages in this

2 See La. R.S. 9: 3141- 3150.

3 On March 21, 2019, State Farm filed a motion for summary judgment and a peremptory exception
raising the objection of prescription against the plaintiffs. The trial court denied State Farm' s
exception on July 22, 2019. On October 28, 2019, this court reversed the trial court' s judgment
and granted the objection of prescription, dismissing State Farm from this case. See Allen v.
Southwest Builders, L.L.C., 2019- 1008 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 10128119), 2019 WL 5549415 ( unpub' d
writ action). On May 3, 2021, Southwest and Warren Vollenweider were dismissed with prejudice

from this case after the plaintiffs settled their claims against them in arbitration.

 On December 11, 2018, the trial court granted Maxum' s dilatory exception raising the objection
of prematurity and the claims against Maxum were stayed pending arbitration between the
plaintiffs and Southwest.

5 We note that the Maxum policy was renewed multiple times with different policy numbers.

                                                   3
case.   Specifically, the plaintiffs argued that their claims for damages were not

excluded by the Maxum commercial general liability insurance policies because its

language made it clear that coverage existed for consequential damages arising out

of work performed by Southwest' s subcontractors. Therefore, the plaintiffs argued

that they were entitled to summary judgment.                       In support of their motion for

summary judgment,              the   plaintiffs   attached    to   their    memorandum      Maxum' s

commercial general liability insurance policies that it issued to Southwest.

        In   response,    Maxum filed a cross motion for summary judgment,                           or

alternatively, a partial motion for summary judgment against the plaintiffs.                      In its

motion, Maxum stated that the commercial general liability insurance policies that

it issued to Southwest provided no coverage for the plaintiffs'                      claims   against

Southwest for the following reasons:

        Plaintiffs' claims all arise out of [Southwest' s] alleged breach of the
        contract or agreement to perform the work at issue, and therefore
        coverage [     was]     excluded     under the       Policies'     breach of contract
        exclusion;

        Plaintiffs' claims for incomplete or underperformed work [ were] not
         for] " propertydamage" or " bodily injury," d[ id] not constitute an
         occurrence," and consequently [ were] not covered under the Policies;

        The       Policies "    Property      Damage,"        and "      Damages    to    Your
        Work/Product" exclusions preclude[ d] coverage for Plaintiffs'                   claims

        of ( 1)    deficiencies in or damage to [ Southwest' s] work itself, ( 2)
        damage to particular property on which the work was performed, and
         3) mental anguish and inconvenience;

        The Policies " Impaired Property" exclusion preclude[ d] coverage for
        Plaintiffs' claims for delay damages, or damages arising from the loss
        of use and enjoyment of property; and

        The Policies exclude[ d]          coverage for alleged damages arising from
        mold.

In support of its motion, Maxum filed a memorandum attaching several exhibits,

which included: ( 1) the plaintiffs' petition; ( 2) the plaintiffs' first supplemental and

amending petition; and (3) Maxum' s commercial general liability insurance policies.

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      On June 23,      2022, the trial court held a hearing on the cross motions for

summary judgment. The trial court heard arguments from both parties and took the

matter under advisement. On August 15, 2022, the trial court signed a judgment that

denied the plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment, granted Maxum' s motion for

summary judgment, dismissed the plaintiffs' claims with prejudice, and denied as

moot Maxum' s alternative motion for partial summary judgment.               The trial court

signed reasons for judgment on July 25, 2022.         In its reasons, the trial court stated,

in pertinent part:

                The] [ p] laintiffs rel[ ied] on the allegations in their pleadings and

       failed to produce any additional evidence to show that their claims
        were] not barred by the [ insurance] polic[ ies] breach of contract

       exclusion.     Further [ the] [   p] laintiffs failed to produce evidence to
       support their claim that they suffered any damages that [ were] covered
       by the [ insurance] policies. The Court finds [ the] [ p] laintiffs ... failed
      to meet their burden of proof to show a genuine issue of material fact
       existed] and [Maxum] [ was] entitled to summary judgment as a matter
      of law.

Subsequently, the plaintiffs appealed the trial court' s judgment. The plaintiffs argue

that the trial court erred in denying their motion for summary judgment and erred in

granting Maxum' s motion for summary judgment.

                                  APPLICABLE LAW

      Appellate courts review the granting of a summary judgment de novo using

the same criteria governing the trial court' s consideration of whether summary

judgment is appropriate, i. e., whether there is any genuine issue of material fact and

whether the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See La. C. C.P. art.

966( A)(3); Lucas v. Maison Insurance Co., 2021- 1401 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 12/ 22122),

358 So. 3d 76, 83- 84; Turner v. Rabalais, 2017- 0741 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 12121117),

240 So. 3d 251, 255, writ denied, 2018- 0123 ( La. 319118), 237 So. 3d 1193.

       The summary judgment procedure is expressly favored in the law and is

designed to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of non-domestic

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civil actions.      See La. C. C.P. art. 966( A)(2).   The purpose of a motion for summary

judgment is to pierce the pleadings and to assess the proof in order to see whether

there is a genuine need for trial. Hines v. Garrett, 2004- 0806 ( La. 6125104), 876

So. 2d 764, 769 (per curiam).        After an opportunity for adequate discovery, summary

judgment shall be granted if the motion, memorandum, and supporting documents

show that there is no genuine issue as to material fact and that the mover is entitled

to judgment as a matter of law. La. C. C.P. art. 966( A)(3).          The only documents that

may be filed in support of or in opposition to the motion are pleadings, memoranda,

affidavits, depositions, answers to interrogatories, certified medical records, written

stipulations, and admissions.        La. C.C.P. art. 966( A)(4). 6

        On a motion for summary judgment, the initial burden of proof is on the

mover.     See La. C. C. P. art. 966( D)( 1);    Lucas, 358 So. 3d at 84.       If, however, the

mover will not bear the burden of proof at trial on the matter that is before the court

on the motion, the mover' s burden on the motion does not require that all essential

elements of the adverse party' s claim, action, or defense be negated. Instead, after

meeting its initial burden of showing that there are no genuine issues of material

fact, the mover may point out to the court that there is an absence of factual support

for one or more elements essential to the adverse party' s claim, action, or defense.

Thereafter, summary judgment shall be granted unless the adverse party can produce

factual evidence sufficient to establish the existence of a genuine issue of material

fact or that the mover is not entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See La. C. C. P.

art. 966( D)( 1).

        The court may consider only those documents filed in support of or in

opposition to the motion for summary judgment and shall consider any documents

6 We note that La. C. C.P. art. 966( A)(4) was recently amended by 2023 La. Acts. No. 317, effective
August 1, 2023.
                                                 6
to which no objection is made.     In ruling on a motion for summary judgment, the

trial court' s role is not to evaluate the weight of the evidence or to make a credibility

determination, but instead to determine whether there is a genuine issue of material

fact. Collins v. Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady Health System, Inc., 2019-

0577 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 2121120), 298 So. 3d 191, 194, writ denied, 2020- 00480 ( La.

6122120), 297 So. 3d 773.    A genuine issue is one as to which reasonable persons

could disagree; if reasonable persons could reach only one conclusion, summary

judgment is appropriate. Smith v. Our Lady of the Lake Hosp., Inc., 93- 2512 (La.

715194), 639 So. 2d 730, 751; see also Farrell v. Circle K Stores, Inc., 2022- 00849

 La. 3117123), 359 So. 3d 467, 478.    Any doubt as to a dispute regarding a material

issue of fact must be resolved against granting the motion and in favor of a trial on

the merits. Smith, 639 So. 2d at 751.

       Interpretation of an insurance policy ordinarily involves a legal question that

can be properly resolved by a motion for summary judgment.           Green v. Johnson,

2016- 1525 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 1110118), 241 So. 3d 1188, 1191. An insurance policy is

a conventional obligation that constitutes the law between the insured and the

insurer, and the agreement governs the nature of their relationship.            Supreme

Services and Specialty Co., Inc, v. Sonny Greer, Inc., 2006- 1827 ( La. 5/ 22/ 07),

958 So. 2d 634, 638, citing La. C. C. art. 1983.     An insurance policy is a contract,

which must be construed employing the general rules of interpretation of contracts.

Supreme Services and Specialty Co., Inc., 958 So. 2d at 638, citing La. C. C. arts.

2045- 2057.    If the insurance policy' s language clearly expresses the parties' intent

and does not violate a statute or public policy, the policy must be enforced as written.

However,      if the insurance policy is susceptible to two or more reasonable

interpretations, then it is considered ambiguous and must be liberally interpreted in

favor of coverage. Id.

                                            7
        Liability insurance policies should be interpreted to effect, rather than to deny

coverage.     Id.   However, it is well- settled that unless a statute or public policy

dictates otherwise,     an insurer may limit liability and impose such reasonable

conditions or limitations upon its insureds.      In these circumstances, unambiguous

provisions limiting liability must be given effect. With that stated, we note that the

insurer bears the burden of proving that a loss falls within a policy exclusion. Id. at

638- 39.

                                     DISCUSSION

The Plaintiffs' Motion for Summary Judgment

        We first address whether the trial court properly denied the plaintiffs' motion

for summary judgment. The plaintiffs, as the movers and as the insureds, had the

initial burden of proving that their damages were covered by Maxum' s commercial

general liability insurance policies to Southwest. See La. C. C. P. art. 966( D)( 1).   The

plaintiffs argue that the Maxum commercial general liability insurance policies

cover      consequential   damages   arising   out   of   the   work   performed   by   the

subcontractors that were hired by Southwest. The plaintiffs further argue that their

claim for damages falls within the products -completed operations hazard provision

POOH) of Maxum' s commercial general liability insurance policies, which they

argue do not exclude the work of Southwest' s subcontractors.

        Maxum counter -argues that the plaintiffs' claims for damages do not fall

within the PCOH provision because all of their claims involve the work product

itself instead of an injury or damage to a third party or other property. Maxum argues

that the plaintiffs'   argument is " based on a misapprehension        of the relationship

between the [ p] olicies' ` work product' exclusions and PCOH coverage." Maxum

further argues that the plaintiffs' claims for damages fail because their claim for

faulty and/ or incomplete work, as stated in their petition, concerns damages or
deficiencies in Southwest' s work product, i.e., the home constructed by Southwest

and its subcontractors.        The plaintiffs do not claim damages to any other product or

third party outside of the home itself. Therefore, Maxum argues that because the

plaintiffs' damages do not involve any such other product or third party, their claims

for coverage under the POOH provision are without merit, and their motion for

summary judgment should be denied as a matter of law.

      In order to determine whether the trial court erred in finding that coverage did

not exist for the plaintiffs' property damage claims, we analyze the language of the

Maxum commercial general liability insurance policies.              The policies provide, in

pertinent part:

       SECTION I—COVERAGES

      COVERAGE A BODILY INJURY AND PROPERTY DAMAGE
      LIABILITY

       1.   Insuring Agreement

            a.    We will pay those sums that the insured becomes legally obligated
                  to pay as damages because of " bodily injury" or " property
                  damage" to which this insurance applies.

            b. This insurance applies to " bodily injury" and " property damage"

                  only if.

                   1) The " bodily injury" or " property damage" is caused by an
                        occurrence" that takes place in the " coverage territory";
                   2) The " bodily injury" or " property damage" occurs during the
                     policy period[.]

       2.    Exclusions

            This insurance does not apply to:
                                                     cz=

            j. Damage To Property

                 Property damage" to:

                   5) That particular part of real property on which you or any
                  contractors or subcontractors working directly or indirectly on
                  your behalf are performing operations, if the " property damage"
                   arises out of those operations; or

                                                 E
       6)   That particular part of any property that must be restored,
      repaired or replaced because "      your  work"
                                                       was incorrectly
      performed on it.

      Paragraph ( 6)       of this exclusion does not apply to " property
      damage"        included   in    the "   products -completed   operations

      hazard."

  k. Damage To Your Product

       Property damage" to " your product" arising out of it or any part
      of it.

  I. Damage To Your Work

       Property damage" to " your work" arising out of it or any part of
      it and included in the " products -completed operations hazard".

      This exclusion does not apply if the damaged work or the work
      out of which the damage arises was performed on your behalf by
      a subcontractor.

SECTION V ---DEFINITIONS

16. " Products -completed operations hazard":

  a. Includes all " bodily injury" and " property damage" occurring
     away from premises you own or rent and arising out of "your
    product" or " your work" except:

       1) Products that are still in your physical possession; or
       2) Work that has not yet been completed or abandoned.
            However, " your work" will be deemed completed at the

            earliest of the following times:
                a)   When all of the work called for in your contract has
               been completed.
                b) When all of the work to be done at the job site has been
               completed if your contract calls for work at more than one
               job site.
                c) When that part of the work done at a job site has been
               put to its intended use by any person or organization other
               than another contractor or subcontractor working on the
               same project.

               Work that may need service, maintenance, correction,
               repair or replacement, but which is otherwise complete,
               will be treated as completed.

17. " Property damage"       means:

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         a.   Physical injury to tangible property, including all resulting loss
              of use of that property. All such loss of use shall be deemed to
              occur at the time of the physical injury that caused it[.]

      22. " Your work":

         a. Means:

               1) Work or operations performed by you or on your behalf, and
               2) Materials, parts or equipment furnished in connection with
              such work or operations.

      In Supreme Services and Specialty Co., Inc., 958 So. 2d at 645, the Supreme

Court clarified the coverage provided by the PCOH provision:

      Under the " work product" exclusion, the insured or its subcontractor

      becomes liable for damages to its work or its product caused by its
      faulty workmanship. Under the PCOH provision, damages, other than
      the faulty product or work itself, arising out of the faulty workmanship
      are covered by the policy. Stated differently, if a subcontractor' s faulty
      electrical work caused the building to burn down before completion,
      the " work product" exclusion would eliminate coverage for the faulty
      electrical  work   performed    by the contractor or subcontractor.
      However, the operations hazard coverage applies not to the faulty work,
      but damages arising out of the faulty work. Damage to real property
      arising out of the faulty work ( fire damage) would not be excluded as
      it would be covered under the PCOH provision. The case sub judice
      involves a claim for damages to the work product itself, i. e.[,]      the

      cracked concrete slab, not a claim arising out of the work and covered
      by the PCOH provision. Thus, the exception for the work performed
      on the insured' s behalf by a subcontractor under the POOH damage
      section of the policy simply is inapplicable to the present case. In other
      words, the PCOH provision only applies to those injuries which might
      occur as a result of the damaged product. In the instant case, there is
      no need to delineate the POOH provision because there is no other
      product damaged or third person injured.

      Based on the parties' arguments, this court must determine whether Maxum' s

commercial general liability insurance policies that contain a work product exclusion

and a PCOH provision have any ambiguity when defective work is performed by a

subcontractor.   See Supreme Services and Specialty Co., Inc., 958 So.2d at 643.

In this case, the only evidence submitted by the plaintiffs in support of their position

that the PCOH provision applies is the Maxum commercial general liability

insurance policies.   Based on this evidence alone, we find that there are genuine

                                           11
issues of material fact as to whether the PCOH provision in the Maxum commercial

general liability insurance policies apply to the plaintiffs' claims for damages. Thus,

we agree with the trial court that there are genuine issues of material fact as to

whether any of the plaintiffs' claims for damages involve injury to a third party or

other property.    Accordingly, after a de novo review, we find that the trial court

properly denied the plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment.

Maxu_
    m' s Motion for Summary Judgment

      We now address whether the trial court properly granted Maxum' s cross

motion for summary judgment. As the mover, Maxum had the initial burden of proof

on the motion for summary judgment. See La. C. C. P. art. 966( D)( 1).   Maxum argues

that the breach of contract exclusion in its commercial general liability insurance

policies exclude any damages arising out of the breach of contract by Southwest.

Specifically, Maxum argues that "[ the plaintiffs']    claims for breach of contract,

implied warranty of good workmanship, and other negligence carrying out the

agreed-upon construction contract are wholly excluded from coverage by the clear

and unambiguous language of the [ insurance policies'] [ b] reach of [ c] ontract

e] xclusion."   The breach of contract exclusion states the following:

                        EXCLUSION -BREACH OF CONTRACT

      This insurance does not apply to any claim or " suit" for breach of
      contract, whether express or oral, nor claims for breach of an implied
      in law or implied in fact contract, whether " bodily injury"[,] " property
      damage", "  personal and advertising injury", or an " occurrence" is
      alleged and we shall have no obligation to indemnify or defend any
      insured for " bodily injury," " property damage," or " personal and
      advertising injury" or an " occurrence" directly or indirectly arising out
      of, caused by, or resulting from breach of contract.

      This exclusion also applies to any additional insureds under this policy.

      Louisiana jurisprudence interprets the breach of contract exclusion in a

commercial general liability insurance policy similar to the trial court' s holding in

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this case.   Courts in Louisiana have held that the breach of contract exclusion in a

commercial        general liability insurance policy unambiguously excludes from

coverage all claims by an owner against a contractor or subcontractor for breach of

contract or negligence from alleged defective or incomplete work. See Provost v.

Homes by Lawrence &            Pauline, Inc., 2012- 761 ( La. App. 3          Cir. 1215112),    103

So. 3d    1280,    1285,    writ   denied,   2013- 0049 ( La.   2/ 22/ 13),    108   So. 3d     776

homeowner' s poor workmanship claims fell within the homebuilder' s breach of

contract exclusion in its commercial general liability policy); Everett v. Philibert,

2008- 2270 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 5/ 8/ 09), 13 So. 3d 616, 620 ( homeowner' s negligence

claims against homebuilder fell within the commercial general liability policy' s

breach of contract exclusion.)

         Louisiana jurisprudence has consistently held that a commercial general

liability policy that includes a breach of contract exclusion, such as the one in this

case,    unambiguously precludes any claims for coverage regarding any " bodily

injury," "   property      damage," "   advertising   injury," "   personal      injury"   or    an

 occurrence"
                  or damages of any type. See Everett, 13 So. 3d at 619. Furthermore,

the facts of this case make it clear that all of the plaintiffs' allegations against Maxum

are based on Southwest' s alleged breach of its contractual duty to timely and

properly construct the plaintiffs' home. Thus, all of the plaintiffs' property damage

claims against Maxum are clearly precluded from coverage since they all arise from

a breach of contract claim.

         After a de novo review of the record, we find that as the mover, Maxum

satisfied its burden of proof on the motion for summary judgment by showing that

summary judgment should be granted in its favor. Therefore, the burden then shifted

to the plaintiffs to present factual support evidencing that a genuine issue of material

fact remained as to Maxum' s breach of contract exclusion claim.

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      In opposition, the plaintiffs failed to produce any evidence to show that their

claims were not barred by Maxum' s commercial general liability insurance policies'

breach of contract exclusion. Instead the plaintiffs relied on the allegations in their

pleadings to support their claims that they suffered consequential damages that were

covered by Maxum' s commercial general liability insurance policies.         If the non-

moving party fails to produce sufficient factual support in its opposition which

proves the existence of a genuine issue of material fact, La. C. C. P. art. 966( D)( 1)

mandates the granting of the motion for summary judgment. Scott v. Performance

Contractors, Inc., 2019- 1225 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 8/ 6120), 2020 WL 4529633, * 3

unpublished).

      Accordingly, after our de novo review, we find that the trial court correctly

found that the plaintiffs failed to meet their burden of proving that a genuine issue

of material fact existed as to Maxum' s claim that the breach of contract exclusion in

its policies excluded the plaintiffs' damages claims.    Accordingly, we find that the

trial court properly granted summary judgment in favor of Maxum dismissing the

plaintiffs' claims with prejudice.   We further find that the trial court correctly found

as moot Maxum' s partial motion for summary judgment.

                                     CONCLUSION

      For these reasons, the trial court' s judgment is affirmed.      Appeal costs are

assessed against the plaintiffs/appellants, Ladonna Allen wife of/and Gary Allen.

      AFFIRMED.

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