Court Opinion

ID: 9323226
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-12-06 19:00:26.274108+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:14:46.308491
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                       __________

                                       No. 22-1183
                                       __________

                             SNJEZANA JELACA BAGIC,
                                            Appellant

                                             v.

             UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH; BERNARD J. COSTELLO,
         DMD, MD, individually, and in his official capacity as Associate Dean
      for Faculty Affairs of the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine
                                       __________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Western District of Pennsylvania
                        (District Court Civil No. 2-18-cv-00511)
                      District Judge: Honorable J. Nicholas Ranjan

                      Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                   October 7, 2022

        BEFORE: HARDIMAN, SHWARTZ, and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges

                                (Filed: December 6, 2022)
                                        __________

                                        OPINION *
                                       __________

*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
NYGAARD, Circuit Judge.

       Dr. Snjezana Jelaca Bagic filed an employment discrimination lawsuit. The cause

was tried to a jury which returned a verdict for the defense. Bagic appeals an order

denying her motion for a new trial. Concluding that the issues she raises are wholly

without merit, we will affirm.

                                          I.

       Dr. Bagic worked as an instructor and faculty member with a one-year term at the

University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine. She had a toxic work relationship

with a colleague Dr. Sean Noonan, which finally erupted in a loud, angry and public

confrontation.

       Dr. Bernard Costello, Associate Dean of Faculty Affairs, following his internal

investigation, found that Dr. Bagic threatened Dr. Noonan and had shown no remorse,

and that she had violated both University policy and basic standards of professional

behavior. The Dean then fired her. On review, the University’s Chancellor found that the

death threat had not been proven, but agreed with the findings and conclusions of a

faculty review board that she had acted unprofessionally and violated University policy.

The Chancellor retroactively reinstated Dr. Bagic for the rest of her term, concluding,

however, that she would not be reappointed.

       Dr. Bagic sued the University and Dr. Costello under 42 U.S.C. § 1981 and 42

U.S.C. § 1983, alleging that the internal investigation and termination were motivated by

discrimination based on her Croatian ethnicity. As noted, supra, the jury found for the

                                               2
Defendants. Dr. Bagic moved for a new trial, which the District Court denied. She now

appeals.

                                           II. 1

       Dr. Bagic raises two issues. First, she argues that the District Court erred by

instructing the jury not to consider the alleged discriminatory animus of her coworker Dr.

Noonan, unless she could show that the Defendants knew of and relied on his animus.

Second, she contends that the District Court erred when addressing the jury’s question

regarding “Croatian Ethnicity.”

                                              A.

       We conclude that the District Court properly instructed the jury that, to prove her

claim under § 1981, Dr. Bagic had to show that the Defendants intentionally

discriminated against her. See Gen. Bldg. Contractors Ass’n, Inc. v. Pennsylvania, 458

U.S. 375, 389 (1982) (“§ 1981 reaches only purposeful discrimination”). The same is true

for her § 1983 discrimination claim, whether under § 1981 or the Fourteenth

Amendment. See Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229, 239 (1976) (a claim under the

Equal Protection Clause requires “[a] purpose to discriminate.”) (citation omitted). It

follows that Dr. Noonan’s intent or bias, were there any, was relevant only if the

1
  The District Court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1343(a). We have
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

We exercise plenary review over jury instructions. See Woodson v. Scott Paper Co., 109
F.3d 913, 929 (3d Cir. 1997). Absent any misstatement, however, we review the District
Court’s decisions regarding jury instructions for abuse of discretion. See Bhaya v.
Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 922 F.2d 184, 191 (3d Cir. 1990).
                                               3
decision-makers relied upon, or were influenced by, his allegedly discriminatory animus.

The jury instruction was therefore proper.

       Dr. Bagic also argues that the jury instruction was legally erroneous because it

conflicted with so-called “cat’s paw” liability. See Staub v. Proctor Hosp., 562 U.S. 411,

415–22 (2011). 2 That is, Dr. Bagic now contends that the District Court erred by

instructing the jury that it could not consider Dr. Noonan’s actions or motives as relevant

unless they were known by the Defendants to be biased or false. She argues that this

precluded the jury from considering whether the University was negligent when it

allowed the allegedly discriminatory allegations to contaminate the decision-making

process. But she failed to properly object. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 51(c)(1). Her counsel did

not propose what the instruction needed to say, i.e., that the jury must consider whether

the University and Dr. Costello knew or should have known of Dr. Noonan’s

discriminatory animus. See Hirst v. Inverness Hotel Corp., 544 F.3d 221, 225 (3d Cir.

2008) (An argument is preserved for appeal when the objection provides the court “with

sufficient notice of the bases for the objection and an opportunity to correct the alleged

error.”). Hence, she has not preserved this issue for appellate review. See Lesende v.

Borrero, 752 F.3d 324, 335 (3d Cir. 2014).

2
 The cat’s paw theory applies when “a biased [employee] who lacks decision-making
power uses the formal decision-maker as a dupe in a deliberate scheme to trigger a
discriminatory employment action.” Woods v. City of Berwyn, 803 F.3d 865, 869 (7th
Cir. 2015) (quotation and citation omitted).
                                             4
       Finally, despite these failures, we can review for plain error that affects

“substantial rights.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 51(d)(2). We have done so and find no error, plain or

otherwise.

                                              B.

       During deliberations the jury asked, “Can we get clarification of ‘Croatian

Ethnicity’”? App. 958. Dr. Bagic argues that the District Court committed reversible

error when it failed to provide a definition of “Croatian Ethnicity” that included

“characteristics of a national origin group.” Appellant’s Br. at 19. It hardly needs to be

said that the District Court did not err its discretion by failing to define a homological

term with the specificity or in the manner Bagic seeks. Its definition—“the fact of being

Croatian”—was not an abuse of discretion.

                                       *      *      *

       Because we find no error, we will affirm the District Court’s order denying Dr.

Bagic’s motion for new trial.

                                              5