Court Opinion

ID: 6338571
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-05-06 20:00:30.198315+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:49:07.896532
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                              MAY 6 2022
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

TERRANCE WALKER,                                 Nos. 20-16339
                                                      20-17219
              Plaintiff-Appellant,
                                                 D.C. No.
 v.                                              3:15-cv-00556-RCJ-CLB

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, LLC,
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
              Defendant-Appellee,

 and

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC.,

              Defendant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Nevada
                   Robert Clive Jones, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 4, 2022**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: LEAVY, FERNANDEZ, and SILVERMAN, Circuit Judges.

       *
        This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
       **
         The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      Terrence Walker appeals pro se the judgment in favor of Charter

Communications, LLC (“Charter”) following a jury trial and the district court’s

denial of his motion for a new trial on his race discrimination claims under Title

VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq., and Nevada law.1

He also appeals the district court’s partial grant of his motion to retax costs and its

order to destroy an inadvertently produced email. In addition, Walker appeals the

district court’s striking of his motion for sanctions and to vacate the judgment on

his summarily adjudicated retaliation claims under Title VII and Nevada law.2 We

affirm.

      The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Walker’s motion for

a new trial. See Smith v. City & County of Honolulu, 887 F.3d 944, 949 (9th Cir.

2018); see also United States v. Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247, 1261–62 (9th Cir. 2009)

(en banc). The district court properly admitted Exhibits 526 and 527 as

impeachment evidence to contradict Walker’s statements about his temperament,

not as inadmissible character evidence. See United States v. Castillo, 181 F.3d

1129, 1132–33 (9th Cir. 1999); Tr. Servs. of Am., Inc. v. United States, 885 F.2d

561, 569 (9th Cir. 1989). Nor was the evidence unduly prejudicial because any

      1
          Nev. Rev. Stat. § 613.330.
      2
          Nev. Rev. Stat. § 613.340.

                                           2                                     20-16339
potential prejudice was ameliorated by the district court’s repeated instructions that

the jury may only consider the evidence for impeachment. See Escriba v. Foster

Poultry Farms, Inc., 743 F.3d 1236, 1247 (9th Cir. 2014).

      The district court did not commit reversible error3 in its instructions to the

jury regarding Exhibits 526 and 527. Taken as a whole and viewed in context, the

instructions were not misleading and clearly conveyed the limited purpose for

which the jury could consider that evidence. See Gracie v. Gracie, 217 F.3d 1060,

1067 (9th Cir. 2000); cf. Middleton v. McNeil, 541 U.S. 433, 437–38, 124 S. Ct.

1830, 1832–33, 158 L. Ed. 2d 701 (2004) (per curiam).

          The district court did not abuse its discretion in granting Charter’s motion

in limine to exclude from evidence the Nevada Department of Employment,

Training, and Rehabilitation, Employment Security Division decision granting

Walker’s claim for unemployment benefits. See Masson v. New Yorker Mag., Inc.,

85 F.3d 1394, 1399 (9th Cir. 1996). It was reasonable for it to conclude that any

minimal relevance of Charter’s decision not to contest Walker’s claim for

unemployment benefits was outweighed by the unfair-prejudice danger to Charter.

See Fed. R. Evid. 403; Williams v. Hughes Helicopters, Inc., 806 F.2d 1387, 1392

(9th Cir. 1986).

      3
          See Dang v. Cross, 422 F.3d 800, 804–05 (9th Cir. 2005).

                                            3                                    20-16339
      The district court did not abuse its discretion in awarding Charter partial

costs. See Save Our Valley v. Sound Transit, 335 F.3d 932, 944 n.12 (9th Cir.

2003). The presumption of awarding costs to the prevailing party was sufficient

reason to do so. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(d)(1); Save Our Valley, 335 F.3d at

944–45. While it was not required to explain its reasoning for awarding costs, the

district court did consider the various factors for denying costs, and found that they

were insufficient to overcome the presumption. See Save Our Valley, 335 F.3d at

945–46; cf. Escriba, 743 F.3d at 1247–48.

      The district court did not err4 in ordering Walker to destroy his copy of a

privileged email between Charter and its counsel. The crime-fraud exception to

the attorney-client privilege does not apply because Walker has not shown

“reasonable cause to believe” that Charter “was engaged in or planning a . . .

fraudulent scheme,” let alone that the email was in furtherance of it. In re Grand

Jury Proc., 87 F.3d 377, 381 (9th Cir. 1996) (internal quotation marks omitted).5

      4
        See UMG Recording, Inc. v. Bertelsmann AG (In re Napster, Inc.
Copyright Litig.), 479 F.3d 1078, 1089 (9th Cir. 2007), abrogated on other
grounds by Mohawk Indus., Inc. v. Carpenter, 558 U.S. 100, 105 n.1, 114, 130
S.Ct. 599, 604 n.1, 609, 175 L. Ed.2d 458 (2009).
      5
        We decline to reconsider the order of the Appellate Commissioner
granting Charter’s motion to file portions of Volume 7 of the Supplemental
Excerpts of Record under seal. 9th Cir. Dkt. No. 20-16339 at 52.

                                           4                                     20-16339
      The district court did not abuse its discretion6 in striking Walker’s motion

for sanctions and to vacate the judgment on the previously affirmed retaliation

claims. At the time Walker filed the motion, his counsel had not withdrawn from

representing him before the district court. See D. Nev. R. IA 11-6 (a), (b).

Moreover, Local Rule IA 11-6 was not misapplied, did not violate Walker’s right

to proceed pro se, and did not violate public policy. See Bias v. Moynihan, 508

F.3d 1212, 1223 (9th Cir. 2007). Walker’s “Motion for Review” of Local Rule IA

11 is denied. 9th Cir. Dkt. No. 20-16339 at 7.

      We reject as without merit Walker’s remaining arguments. In addition, we

decline to consider arguments not raised in Walker’s opening brief. See Pierce v.

Multnomah County, 76 F.3d 1032, 1037 n.3 (9th Cir. 1996). Walker’s request for

judicial notice is denied. 9th Cir. Dkt. No. 20-16339 at 58. See Fed. R. Evid. 201;

Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 689–90 (9th Cir. 2001).

      AFFIRMED.

      6
          See Pro. Programs Grp. v. Dep’t of Com., 29 F.3d 1349, 1353 (9th Cir.
1994).

                                          5                                    20-16339