Court Opinion

ID: 9955750
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-29 14:14:52.90828+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:15:20.229793
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: MARCH 22, 2024; 10:00 A.M.
                        NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                Commonwealth of Kentucky
                          Court of Appeals
                             NO. 2023-CA-0731-MR

MARY ROSS                                                            APPELLANT

                APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT
v.               HONORABLE DENISE D. BROWN, JUDGE
                        ACTION NO. 15-CI-502860

WILLIAM ROSS                                                           APPELLEE

                                OPINION
                        REVERSING AND REMANDING

                                  ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE; ACREE AND CALDWELL, JUDGES.

THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE: Mary Ross appeals from orders of the Jefferson

Circuit Court which awarded her $500 in attorney fees. Appellant argues that she

was entitled to a larger award of attorney fees. After reviewing Appellant’s

arguments and the law, we agree that Appellant is entitled to a larger award of

attorney fees; therefore, we reverse and remand.
                    FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

             Appellant and William Ross were divorced in 2015. As part of their

divorce decree, the court incorporated by reference the parties’ marital settlement

agreement. That agreement awarded Appellant $1,000 per month in maintenance.

The settlement agreement also required any party who defaulted on the terms of

the agreement to pay the costs and attorney fees for the other party seeking to

enforce the terms. Over the years, Appellee began to fall behind on his

maintenance payments and accrued an arrearage.

             On January 17, 2023, Appellant moved to hold Appellee in contempt

for continuing to fall into arrears on his maintenance payments. The motion also

requested she be awarded attorney fees. A hearing was set for March 23, 2023. In

February of 2023, Appellant propounded upon Appellee discovery requests, which

Appellee failed to respond to. Appellant then filed a motion to compel, which was

granted. Appellee still failed to comply with the discovery request. Appellant then

filed a motion seeking sanctions against Appellee for failing to answer her

discovery requests in violation of the court’s order. This motion also sought an

award of attorney fees. Appellant’s trial counsel filed an affidavit with the court

outlining the amount of time he has spent on the case and the amount of attorney

fees Appellant had accrued. Appellant had incurred $5,920 in attorney fees since

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the January motion for contempt. In addition, $1,400 of that amount was directly

related to Appellee’s failure to answer discovery.

             At the March 23 hearing, Appellee appeared telephonically and

without representation. He admitted he had not been paying Appellant the full

amount of his maintenance obligation. He also acknowledged that the settlement

agreement allowed Appellant to seek attorney fees from him.

             On April 11, 2023, the trial court entered an order which found that

Appellee’s arrearage was $28,444.03. The court awarded Appellant a judgment

against Appellee in that amount. The court also awarded Appellant $500 in

attorney fees. On April 20, 2023, Appellant filed a motion to alter or amend and

requested the court increase the amount of attorney fees she was awarded. The

court declined to increase the attorney fee award and this appeal followed.

                                    ANALYSIS

             We must first address the fact that Appellee did not file a brief.

Kentucky Rules of Appellate Procedure (RAP) 31(H)(3) states:

             If the appellee’s brief has not been filed within the time
             allowed, the court may: (a) accept the appellant’s
             statement of the facts and issues as correct; (b) reverse
             the judgment if appellant’s brief reasonably appears to
             sustain such action; or (c) regard the appellee’s failure as
             a confession of error and reverse the judgment without
             considering the merits of the case.

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What sanctions to impose, if any, are left to our discretion. F.E. v. E.B., 641

S.W.3d 700, 705 (Ky. App. 2022). In this case, we choose to review the issue on

appeal based on the merits.

             Appellant raises one issue on appeal: whether the court erred by only

awarding her $500 in attorney fees. We review a trial court’s decision regarding

the award of attorney fees for an abuse of discretion. Sexton v. Sexton, 125 S.W.3d

258, 272 (Ky. 2004). “The test for abuse of discretion is whether the trial judge’s

decision was arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair, or unsupported by sound legal

principles.” Commonwealth v. English, 993 S.W.2d 941, 945 (Ky. 1999).

             We believe the trial court erred in its award of attorney fees because

of the terms of the marital settlement agreement. Kentucky Revised Statutes

(KRS) 403.180 states in relevant part:

             (1) To promote amicable settlement of disputes between
             parties to a marriage attendant upon their separation or
             the dissolution of their marriage, the parties may enter
             into a written separation agreement containing provisions
             for maintenance of either of them, disposition of any
             property owned by either of them, and custody, support
             and visitation of their children.

             (2) In a proceeding for dissolution of marriage or for
             legal separation, the terms of the separation agreement,
             except those providing for the custody, support, and
             visitation of children, are binding upon the court unless it
             finds, after considering the economic circumstances of
             the parties and any other relevant evidence produced by
             the parties, on their own motion or on request of the
             court, that the separation agreement is unconscionable.

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             ...

             (5) Terms of the agreement set forth in the decree are
             enforceable by all remedies available for enforcement of
             a judgment, including contempt, and are enforceable as
             contract terms.

Here, the court found that the settlement agreement was not unconscionable and

incorporated it into the divorce decree.

             Settlement agreements “are a type of contract and therefore are

governed by contract law[.]” Frear v. P.T.A. Industries, Inc., 103 S.W.3d 99, 105

(Ky. 2003) (internal quotation marks, footnote, and citation omitted). “It is well

established that construction and interpretation of a written instrument are

questions of law for the court. We review questions of law de novo and, thus,

without deference to the interpretation afforded by the circuit court.” Cinelli v.

Ward, 997 S.W.2d 474, 476 (Ky. App. 1998) (citations omitted).

             The settlement agreement states:

             The parties agree that in the event either party defaults or
             breaches any of his or her respective obligations and
             duties as contained in this agreement, then the defaulting
             or breaching party shall be responsible for and pay to the
             injured party, in addition to such other damages as any
             court may award, all of his or her attorneys’ fees, court
             costs, and other related expenses incurred to enforce the
             provisions contained herein against the defaulting party.

After reviewing the terms of the settlement agreement and KRS 403.180(2), which

requires that those terms be binding upon the court, we conclude that the trial court

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abused its discretion in only awarding Appellant $500. The settlement agreement

is clear in that it requires the party who breached the agreement to pay the costs

and attorney fees of the injured party. Here, Appellee violated the settlement

agreement by not paying his maintenance obligation. Appellant then incurred

attorney fees trying to recover the money she was entitled to. Furthermore, there

was no finding that awarding Appellant attorney fees was unconscionable or

overburdensome to Appellee. Appellant is entitled to her reasonable attorney fees.

                                  CONCLUSION

             Based on the foregoing, we reverse and remand for additional

proceedings. On remand, the trial court shall determine Appellant’s reasonable

attorney fees that she incurred in trying to collect the maintenance money owed to

her. Appellant is entitled to recover those fees based on the terms of the settlement

agreement.

             ALL CONCUR.

BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:                       NO BRIEF FOR APPELLEE.

Jason A. Bowman
Louisville, Kentucky

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