Court Opinion

ID: 163390
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-08-14 07:52:21+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:24:42.758467
License: Public Domain

F I L E D
                                                                   United States Court of Appeals
                                                                           Tenth Circuit
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                          APR 21 2003
                                  TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                     PATRICK FISHER
                                                                               Clerk

EDWIN MARK ACKERMAN,

          Petitioner-Appellant,
                                                       No. 02-1237
v.                                                 (District of Colorado)
                                               (D.C. No. 00-RB-1648-(CBS))
JUANITA NOVAK, Warden,

          Respondent-Appellee.

                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before EBEL, KELLY, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.

      After examining the appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel

has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the

determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G).

The case is, therefore, ordered submitted without oral argument.

      *
       This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
I.    INTRODUCTION

      Appellant Edwin Mark Ackerman (“Ackerman”), a military prisoner, seeks

review of the district court’s denial of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus

filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. 1 This court affirms.

II.   BACKGROUND

      Ackerman pleaded guilty in court-martial proceedings to rape and larceny

in violation of Articles 120 and 121 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. See

10 U.S.C. §§ 920, 921. He was sentenced to a reduction in rank, dishonorable

discharge, and life imprisonment with confinement suspended after 27 years.

After consideration of the entire record, the United States Army Court of Criminal

Appeals (“ACCA”) affirmed Ackerman’s convictions.

      Ackerman petitioned the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed

Forces (“CAAF”) to grant review of his conviction. His appellate counsel filed a

supplement to the petition requesting the case be submitted on its merits. In

addition, Ackerman requested, in accordance with United States v. Grostefon, 12

M.J. 431, 437 (C.M.A. 1982) (permitting appellate counsel to raise issues

      1
       Ackerman filed the writ of habeas corpus petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
2254. The district court determined that the petition was more appropriately
considered a petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. This
court agrees with the district court and similarly characterizes the writ as filed
pursuant to § 2241.

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personally sought by accused), that his sentence be allowed to run concurrently

with a separate state sentence.

      Ackerman’s appellate counsel later moved for leave to file additional

matters pursuant to Grostefon. In the motion, Ackerman asserted the following

errors: (1) the evidence was insufficient to establish his guilt beyond a

reasonable doubt 2; (2) the government unreasonably delayed filing charges; (3) he

was never tested to determine if he was mentally capable or competent to commit

the crime; and (4) he only pleaded guilty in order to remain in the military court

system. The CAAF denied Ackerman’s motion for leave to file additional

matters. Subsequently, the CAAF denied his petition for review.

      Ackerman filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the United States

District Court for the District of Colorado. He claimed: (1) the evidence was

insufficient to establish his guilt; (2) there was delay in the filing of charges; and

(3) he was unable to confront his accuser at the pretrial hearing and counsel was

ineffective for failing to object on that basis. The magistrate judge recommended

Ackerman’s writ of habeas corpus be denied and the action be dismissed.

      2
        This claim, as stated here and elsewhere in this order, generally
encompasses Ackerman’s challenges to the victim’s statements and suspect
description, the composite picture, the physical lineup, the eyewitness
identification, the Criminal Investigation Command’s suspect description, the
victim’s delay in stating she had been raped, the lack of identification or DNA
evidence, and the failure to match evidence from the crime scene.

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Ackerman objected to the magistrate’s recommendations. The district court

adopted the recommendation of the magistrate, denied Ackerman’s writ of habeas

corpus petition, and dismissed the case.

       Ackerman, acting pro se, appeals the district court’s decision. On appeal,

he raises the following issues: (1) his counsel was ineffective for failing to

perform an adequate investigation; (2) his counsel was ineffective for advising

him to plead guilty; (3) his confession was involuntary because he was not read

his Miranda rights until a week after his statement was made; (4) the government

failed to provide evidence concerning the physical lineup and the lineup was

conducted without counsel present; (5) the government did not have sufficient

evidence; and (6) the government was not compelled to present the accuser at the

pretrial hearing and his counsel failed to object.

III.   DISCUSSION

       This court has recognized that federal civil court review of habeas corpus

petitions by military prisoners is proper. Lips v. Commandant, 997 F.2d 808, 810-

11 (10th Cir. 1993). The inquiry and scope of the review is, however, “more

narrow than in civil cases.” Id. at 811 (quotation omitted). Accordingly, this

court will only consider claims by military prisoners if they were not given “full

and fair consideration” by the military courts. Watson v. McCotter, 782 F.2d 143,

144 (10th Cir. 1986). This court, however, will not review a habeas petitioner’s

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claims on the merits if the issue was not properly raised in the military courts. Id.

at 145. Furthermore, if a petitioner raises an issue on appeal that was not

included in the habeas petition, the issue will be deemed waived. See Sierra v.

INS, 258 F.3d 1213, 1220 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 534 U.S. 1071 (2001). If an

issue is waived, a habeas petitioner may obtain relief only by showing cause and

actual prejudice. Roberts v. Callahan, 321 F.3d 994, 995 (10th Cir. 2003).

      In this case, Ackerman failed to claim that the government did not provide

him with evidence of the physical lineup results and that counsel was not present

during the lineup before either the ACCA or the CAAF. Also, Ackerman did not

raise before the military courts the issues of whether the government should have

been compelled to present the accuser as a witness during the pretrial hearing and

that counsel was ineffective for failing to object to this matter. Thus, this court

will not consider these claims absent a showing of cause and prejudice.

      This court deems waived Ackerman’s assertions that his counsel was

ineffective for failing to investigate his case and for advising him to plead guilty

because Ackerman did not raise these claims in his application for habeas corpus

relief. Additionally, Ackerman failed to raise the issue of whether his confession

was given involuntarily in violation of Miranda in his habeas petition. The claim

is, therefore, waived absent a showing of cause and prejudice.

                                          -5-
       Because Ackerman has failed to sufficiently demonstrate cause and

prejudice, this court will not consider the claims that were neither raised in the

military courts nor raised in his habeas petition to determine whether he is

entitled to relief.

       Thus, the only remaining issue for possible consideration on the merits is

the sufficiency of the evidence. Ackerman raised the issue when he sought a

motion for leave to file additional matters with the CAAF pursuant to Grostefon.

The appeals court, however, denied Ackerman’s motion without providing reasons

for its denial. Even if the CAAF failed to give full and fair consideration, this

court concludes that Ackerman’s challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence

lacks merit in light of the fact that he pleaded guilty. Because Ackerman did not

contest in the military court or in his habeas petition that his guilty plea was not

knowingly and voluntarily entered, his claim fails for substantially the same

reasons as set forth in the recommendation of the magistrate judge which was

adopted by the district court.

                                          -6-
IV.   CONCLUSION

      Based upon the foregoing reasons, this court AFFIRMS the district court’s

denial of Ackerman’s petition for writ of habeas corpus. 3

                                      ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                      Michael R. Murphy
                                      Circuit Judge

      3
       This court grants the motion to proceed in forma pauperis. The motion
for a COA is denied; a COA is not necessary for an appeal of a final order in a 28
U.S.C. § 2241 proceeding involving a federal prisoner. McIntosh v. United States
Parole Comm'n, 115 F.3d 809, 810 n.1 (10th Cir. 1997).

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