Court Opinion

ID: 9382054
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-24 18:03:39.323037+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:36.822692
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

STATE OF DELAWARE,                    )
                                      )
                   Plaintiff,         )
                                      )
                                      )
      v.                              )      Cr. ID. No. 1507018423A & B
                                      )
                                      )
GARY PERKINS,                         )
                                      )
                   Defendant.         )

                          Submitted: December 19, 2022
                            Decided: March 23, 2023

     COMMISSIONER’S REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION THAT
      DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF
                  SHOULD BE DENIED AND
      POSTCONVICTION COUNSEL’S MOTION TO WITHDRAW
                   SHOULD BE GRANTED

Carolyn S. Hake, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice,
Wilmington, Delaware, Attorney for the State

Patrick J. Collins, Esquire, and Kimberly A. Price, Esquire, Collins & Associates,
Wilmington, Delaware, Postconviction Attorneys for Defendant Gary Perkins

Anthony A. Figliola, Jr. Esquire, Wilmington, Delaware, Trial Attorney for
Defendant Gary Perkins

SALOMONE, Commissioner
            This 23rd day of March 2023, upon consideration of Gary Perkins’

(“Defendant” or “Perkins”) Motion for Postconviction Relief, it appears to the Court

as follows:

                   BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

            Perkins was arrested on July 23, 2015 in connection with the murder of Jaime

Murphy.1 On October 26, 2015, he was indicted for Murder First Degree, Possession

of a Deadly Weapon During the Commission of a Felony (“PDWDCF”), Possession

of a Deadly Weapon by a Person Prohibited (“PDWBPP”), and Criminal Contempt.2

On January 19, 2017, the Defendant filed a motion to sever the PDWBPP and

criminal contempt charges from the Murder First Degree and PDWDCF charges.3

The Court granted the motion on May 11, 2017.4

            Trial commenced on the charges of Murder First Degree and PDWDCF (the

“A” case) on October 23, 2017.5 Following a four-day trial, on October 26, 2017, a

Superior Court jury convicted Perkins of both charges for his role in the stabbing

1
 Delaware Superior Court Docket, ID No. 1507018423A at 1 (hereinafter, “DI __”) (Affidavit
of Probable Cause, July 23, 2015).
2
    DI 3.
3
    DI 32.
4
    DI 47.
5
    DI 66.
                                              1
death of Jaime Murphy.6 After the jury’s verdict, the Court conducted a bench trial

on the severed charges of PDWBPP and criminal contempt (the “B” case) and found

the Defendant guilty of both charges.7 On January 25, 2018, the State filed a motion

to declare Perkins a habitual offender pursuant to 11 Del. C. § 4214(a) for the

PDWBPP conviction, which was granted by the Court prior to sentencing on March

9, 2018.8 Thereafter, the Superior Court sentenced Perkins to be incarcerated for his

natural life plus an additional 36 years.9 The Delaware Supreme Court affirmed his

conviction and sentence on appeal.10

         On March 12, 2019, Perkins filed a pro se motion for postconviction relief

and accompanying motion for the appointment of counsel pursuant to Superior Court

Criminal Rule 61 (“Rule 61”).11 On May 6, 2019, Perkins filed a second pro se

motion for postconviction relief, raising virtually identical claims as set forth in his

6
    DI 73.
7
    Delaware Superior Court Docket, ID No. 1507018423B at 13 (hereinafter, “DI(B) __”).
8
    DI(B) 16, 18.
9
    DI 79 (Transcript of Sentencing, March 9, 2018 at 16-17).
10
  Perkins v. State, 2019 WL 327959 (Del. Jan. 23, 2019). Counsel raised only one issue on direct
appeal, claiming that the outburst from the gallery during opening statements was so prejudicial
that it should have resulted in a mistrial. DI 117-118 (Appendix to Memorandum in Support of
Motion to Withdraw at 786-796) (All references to the Appendix provided by Rule 61 Counsel are
hereinafter referred to as “A___”).
11
     DI 90-91.

                                                 2
first motion, and reiterated his request for the appointment of counsel.12 On June 19,

2019, the Court granted the motion for appointment of counsel.13

         Having found no meritorious grounds for relief, Rule 61 counsel filed a

motion to withdraw on February 19, 2021.14 Perkins requested a continuance on

March 3, 2021 to more fully prepare his response to the motion to withdraw, which

the Court granted on March 11, 2021.15 On April 21, 2021, Perkins filed a request

for substitute counsel and/or an extension of time to respond, which extension was

granted by the Court on April 26, 2021.16 On May 23, 2021, Perkins filed responses

to the motion to withdraw.17 On July 27, 2021, Perkins’ trial and appellate counsel

responded to the allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel asserted by the

Defendant.18 Thereafter, in August 2021, Perkins filed a series of letters and

12
     DI 95-96.
13
     DI 98.
14
     DI 116-118.
15
     DI 119-121.
16
     DI 126-127.
17
     DI 128.
18
     DI 130.

                                          3
supporting documentation with the Court in support of his responses to the motion

to withdraw.19

         The State filed its response to counsel’s motion to withdraw and Perkins’

claims of ineffective assistance of counsel on August 27, 2021.20 The record was

then further expanded to allow counsel who had withdrawn prior to the case going

to trial to respond to the allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel, which

affidavit was filed on December 10, 2021.21 Thereafter, Perkins filed numerous

motions with the Court requesting, among other things, (i) extensions of time to file

his reply, (ii) a stay of all proceedings, (iii) an evidentiary hearing and (iv) the

appointment of substitute Rule 61 counsel.22 The Court stayed the proceedings until

November 30, 2022 to allow Perkins adequate time to retain substitute Rule 61

19
   DI 131, 133, 135, 136, 137. On August 2, 2021, a letter dated July 27, 2021 from Perkins was
filed with the Court in which Perkins indicated that his letter dated May 23, 2021 to Rule 61
counsel, Patrick Collins, Esq., was not his “actual” Motion for Postconviction Relief but rather a
letter to Mr. Collins that he drafted hoping Mr. Collins would review it and see that his claims
“had merit, rearticulate them and properly substantiate and submit them.” DI 131. Despite his
objection to the May 23, 2021 letter being forwarded to the Court, Perkins makes a number of
assertions in his letter which are considered and addressed by the Court for completeness.
20
     DI 138-139.

21
  DI 143-44. Eugene Maurer, Jr., Esq. served as counsel to the Defendant before the Court granted
his motion to withdraw on January 23, 2017. See DI 36. The State was permitted to supplement
its response to Rule 61 counsel’s motion to withdraw and Defendant’s ineffective assistance of
counsel claims after Mr. Mauer filed his affidavit responding to the ineffective assistance of
counsel claims, but Mr. Maurer’s affidavit did not prompt any further briefing by the State and by
letter dated January 5, 2022 the State indicated it was relying on its filing from August 27, 2021.
DI 145.
22
     DI 148, 149, 150, 152-157.

                                                4
counsel.23 Having failed to retain substitute Rule 61 counsel in the allotted time,

Perkins filed his pro se brief in support of his Motion for Postconviction Relief and

in opposition to Rule 61 counsel’s motion to withdraw on November 22, 2022, with

related documents being filed on December 16, 2022 and December 19, 2022,

respectively.24

                                  RELEVENT FACTS

         On the morning of July 23, 2015, the body of Jamie Murphy was found on top

of the slide platform in the playground area of Canby Park.25 She had been stabbed

30 to 40 times in the face, neck and chest areas and the wounds had produced such

heavy blood loss that it flowed down the slide and puddled underneath it.26

Likewise, the surrounding playground equipment was smeared and spattered with

her blood.27 Adjacent to her body on the slide platform, the police found a purse

containing her photo ID and a green grocery bag.28 In addition, two McDonald’s

23
     DI 161.
24
     DI 167, 169, 172-173.
25
  A230-33, A236-38, A248-49, A289. Canby Park is located in Wilmington, DE. All referenced
locations contained herein are to various places and establishments in and around the City of
Wilmington.
26
     A438, A448-49, A237, A268-71.
27
     A268-71, A278-84, A530-34, A540-41.
28
     A267-68, A287-89.

                                             5
cups were found near Ms. Murphy’s body.29 The evidence implicating Perkins in

Ms. Murphy’s death quickly mounted.

          Surveillance video retrieved by police from the McDonald’s located in

Elsmere near Canby Park showed Jamie Murphy and the Defendant purchasing two

drinks at the restaurant on the evening of July 22, 2015 around 7:30 p.m.30 The video

also showed Perkins carrying a green grocery bag consistent with the bag found at

the scene.31 The police also procured surveillance video from the McDonald’s

located on 4th Street in the early morning hours of July 23rd which showed the

Defendant wearing orange sweatpants and speaking to an associate by the name of

Thomas Underwood.32

          Underwood advised the police that he had spoken to Perkins (who he referred

to as “G”) the day before Jamie Murphy was killed and stated that Perkins was angry

with Ms. Murphy because he believed that she had given him a venereal disease.33

Perkins also told Underwood that if she had given him a venereal disease that he was

29
     A275-78, A291-92, A573.
30
     A298-03, A573-75.
31
     A298-301 (See State Exhibit 5).
32
     A314, A577 (See State Exhibit 7)
33
 A310-14, A317, A321, A576. Underwood met Perkins through a mutual friend named Ellis
Whiteman, who is known as “Jimmy.” A310.

                                           6
going to beat her up or kill her.34 Underwood also confirmed that he saw Perkins

again on the morning of July 23rd at the McDonald’s on 4th Street.35 At that time,

Perkins admitted to Underwood that he had seen Ms. Murphy the night before on

the bus.36 Underwood also observed blood stains between Perkins’ fingers and

thumb and told the police that the Defendant always carried a pocketknife.37

         Perkins was also seen on the morning of July 23rd by a Wilmington police

officer while wearing bright orange sweatpants.38 The officer knew Perkins from

prior contact and was aware that he was in a relationship with a white female named

Jaime.39 However, he did not stop Perkins because he was unaware of the murder

at that time.40

         Later that day, when the officer learned that Perkins was a suspect in the death

of Ms. Murphy, he located Perkins at a bus shelter at the intersection of 10th and

King Streets.41 As the officer approached, Perkins tried to hide among the people in

34
     A312-13, A317.
35
     A311-13, A576.
36
     A312.
37
     A311-12, A331-332, A576.
38
     A350.
39
     A347-48, A355.
40
     A356.
41
     A350-52, A356-57.
                                             7
the shelter but was nevertheless taken into custody.42 As he was patted down, the

police noticed that Perkins was wearing a pair of blue sweatpants underneath his

orange sweatpants.43 After pulling the orange sweatpants partially down, police saw

that the blue sweatpants were covered in blood.44 Inside the pocket of the blue

sweatpants was fresh blood and a pen knife.45

         The clothing worn by Perkins at the time of his arrest was collected by the

police.46 The inventory taken included a surfboard keychain with a small knife that

had a blade of approximately two inches, both of which appeared to have dried blood

on them.47 The police also found blood on Perkins blue sweatpants, grey long-

sleeved shirt, blue short-sleeved shirt, and Timberland boots.48 The blood on both

the sweatpants and boots appeared to be spattered, indicating he was likely at the

scene when the stabbing occurred.49

42
     A352-54, A357-58.
43
     A352-53.
44
     A353.
45
     A353.
46
     A361.
47
     A361-62, A401, A414-15, A577
48
     A405-11.
49
     A536-37, A546-47, A550-53. A557, A590.

                                              8
         After being read his Miranda rights, Perkins agreed to speak with the police.50

Perkins initially denied seeing or speaking with Jamie Murphy for several weeks but

when confronted with the fact that the police had video footage of him at

McDonald’s with her, he admitted he had seen her on the evening of July 22, 2015.51

Perkins claimed the two parted ways after leaving McDonald’s and that he spent the

night in the 10th Street Park.52 Perkins also told police that he had gotten a rash after

having sex with Ms. Murphy the week before and had gone to the hospital to be

tested for a venereal disease.53       Medical records confirmed that Perkins was

examined at Christiana Hospital for a sexually transmitted disease on July 21,

2015.54

         Perkins’ clothing as well as the evidence found at the crime scene were tested

for DNA evidence.55 One of the McDonald’s cups found on the playground had Ms.

Murphy’s fingerprints and DNA on it and the other cup had Ms. Murphy’s and the

Defendant’s DNA on it.56 The blood from Perkins’ grey long-sleeved shirt produced

50
     A131-72.
51
     A143-45, A158, A160.
52
     A146, A161.
53
     A136, A150-54, A157-58.
54
     A583-84.
55
     A473.
56
     A412-13, A478, A482-83.
                                            9
a mixed DNA profile of at least two individuals from which the Defendant was

excluded but Ms. Murphy was included.57 Likewise, the blood from Perkins’ blue

sweatpants and left boot produced mixed DNA profiles of at least two individuals

with Ms. Murphy being the major contributor.58 The blood on the blade of the knife

taken from Perkins’ pocket at the time of his arrest and the blood found on one of

his boots also produced a single source profile that was consistent with Ms.

Murphy’s DNA.59 The knife handle swab also produced a mixed DNA profile from

which Ms. Murphy was excluded but Perkins was a possible contributor.60

         In addition to the DNA evidence, the State retained a private forensic

consultant and blood stain pattern analyst who performed a pattern analysis on the

physical evidence and looked for blood-like stains.61 The consultant observed a stain

on the blue sweatpants that correlated with the DNA report. 62 Similarly, the

consultant identified blood on the orange sweatpants, although those pants were not

57
     A485-89.
58
     A485-89
59
     A478-81.
60
     A484.
61
     A523-524.
62
     A546-47.

                                         10
specifically tested for DNA and blood.63 And, the medical examiner confirmed that

Ms. Murphy’s death was the result of the multiple stab wounds to her neck, which

he opined were caused by a sharp object consistent with the knife found on Perkins

at the time of his arrest.64

         Perhaps the most damning of all the evidence presented at trial was the

recording of the 911 call made from the victim’s cell phone at 4:01 a.m. on July 23,

2015, which call captured the killing of Jaime Murphy.65 As the 911 operator

attempted to engage the caller, gasping, moaning and wheezing could be heard on

the open line as well as a male voice saying, among other things, “die bitch,” “this

is the last fucking day here,” “But now you got what you want. Close your eye. I

told Jim I was gonna kill your mother fucking ass,” and “don’t fuck with G.”66 The

male voice can also be heard saying “You dying right now” and “You ain’t living

no God damn more.”67 Perkins’ probation officer, who knew Perkins from speaking

63
     A554-55.
64
     A437, A449-54.
65
     A173-75, A366-69, A372-73, A717 (See State Exhibit 108).
66
     A173-75.
67
     A174.

                                              11
with him both in person or by phone on a weekly basis, identified the Defendant as

the mail voice on the 911 call.68

              APPLICABLE LAW FOR POST CONVICTION RELIEF

Rule 61 and Procedural Bars to Relief

          Rule 61 governs the procedures by which an incarcerated individual may seek

to have his conviction set aside on the ground that the court lacked jurisdiction or

any other ground that is a sufficient factual and legal basis for a collateral attack

upon the conviction.69 That is, it is a means by which the court may correct

Constitutional infirmities in a conviction or sentence.70 “Rule 61 is intended to

correct errors in the trial process, not allow defendants unlimited opportunities to

relitigate their convictions.”71

          Given that intent, before considering the merits of any claims for

postconviction relief, the Court must first determine whether there are any

procedural bars to the Rule 61 Motion.72 Rule 61(i) establishes four procedural bars

68
  A392-96. The probation officer was not, however, identified to the jury as Perkins’ probation
officer.
69
     Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(a)(1).
70
     Harris v. State, 410 A.2d 500 (Del. 1970).
71
     Ploof v. State, 75 A.3d 811,820 (Del. 2013).
72
     Younger v. State, 580 A.2d 552, 554 (Del. 1990).

                                                    12
to postconviction relief.73 Rule 61(i)(1) requires that a motion for postconviction

relief must be filed within one year of a final judgement or conviction. 74 Rule

61(i)(2) bars successive motions for postconviction relief unless certain conditions

are met.75 Pursuant to Rule 61(i)(3) and (4), any ground for relief that was not

previously raised is deemed waived, and any claims that were formerly adjudicated,

whether in the proceedings leading to the judgment of conviction, in an appeal, in a

postconviction proceeding, or in a federal habeas corpus proceeding, are thereafter

barred.76 However, ineffective assistance of counsel claims cannot be raised at any

earlier stage in the proceedings and are properly presented by way of a motion for

postconviction relief.77

73
     Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(1)-(4).
74
     Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(1).
75
   Rule 61(i)(2) bars successive or subsequent motions for postconviction relief unless the movant
is able to “pled with particularity” that (i) “new evidence exists that creates a strong inference that
the movant is actually innocent in fact of the acts underlying the charges of which he was
convicted” or (ii) “a new rule of constitutional law, made retroactive to cases on collateral review
by the United States Supreme Court or the Delaware Supreme Court, applies to the movant’s case
and renders the conviction or death sentence invalid.” Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(d)(2).
76
     See Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(5) and (d)(2)(i), (ii).
77
  Sabb v. State, 2021 WL 2229631, at *1 (Del. May 28, 2021); Green v. State, 238 A.3d 160, 187-
188 (Del. 2020); Whittle v. State, 2016 WL 2585904, at *3 (Del. Apr. 28, 2016); State v. Evan-
Mayes, 2016 WL 4502303, at *2 (Del. Super. Aug. 25, 2016).

                                                     13
          This is Defendant’s first motion for postconviction relief and it was timely

filed.78 No procedural bars prevent the Court from considering his ineffective

assistance of counsel claims on the merits but procedural bars do exist with respect

certain of his claims.

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Claims

          In order to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the

defendant must satisfy the two-prong standard set forth in Strickland v.

Washington.79 This test requires the defendant to show: (a) counsel’s deficient

performance, i.e., that his attorney’s performance “fell below an objective standard

of reasonableness,”80 and (b) prejudice.

          The first prong requires the defendant to show by a preponderance of the

evidence that defense counsel was not reasonably competent.81 Judicial scrutiny

under the first prong is highly deferential. Courts must ignore the distorting effects

of hindsight and proceed with a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct was

reasonable.82        The Strickland Court explained that a court deciding an actual

78
   See Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(1) (motion must be filed within one year of when conviction
becomes final); Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(m)(2) (If the defendant files a direct appeal, the judgment
of conviction becomes final when the mandate is issued).
79
     Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984).
80
     Id. at 688.
81
     Id. at 687-88, 694.
82
     Id. at 689.

                                                14
ineffectiveness claim must judge the reasonableness of counsel’s challenged conduct

on the facts of the particular case, viewed as of the time of counsel’s conduct.83

          Under the second prong, in order to establish prejudice, the movant must show

that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors,

the result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable probability is

a probability sufficient to undermine the confidence in the outcome.”84 In other

words, not every error that conceivably could have influenced the outcome

undermines the reliability of the result of the proceeding.85 The court must consider

the totality of the evidence and must ask if the movant has met the burden of showing

that the decision reached would reasonably likely have been different absent the

errors.86 “The benchmark for judging any claim of ineffectiveness must be whether

counsel’s conduct so undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process

that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result.”87

          The burden of proving ineffective assistance of counsel is on the defendant.88

Mere allegations of ineffectiveness or conclusory statements will not suffice;

83
     Id. at 690.
84
     Id. at 694.
85
     Id. at 693.
86
  Dale v. State, 2017 WL 443705, * 2 (Del. 2017); Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 695-
696 (1984).
87
     Cooke v. State, 977 A.2d 803, 840 (Del. 2009) (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 686).
88
     Oliver v. State, 2001 WL 1751246 (Del.).
                                                 15
instead, a defendant must make and substantiate concrete allegations of actual

prejudice.89 The court must be persuaded that the alleged errors were so serious that

counsel was not functioning as the “counsel” guaranteed to the defendant by the

Sixth Amendment.90 The test is not whether the defendant can demonstrate that the

error had some “conceivable effect” on the outcome but rather whether the error

undermined the reliability of the result of the proceeding.91

           Although not insurmountable, the Strickland standard is highly demanding

and leads to a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct fell within a wide range of

reasonable professional assistance.92 Moreover, there is a strong presumption that

defense counsel’s conduct constituted sound trial strategy.93

           The Strickland test applies equally to the performance of appellate counsel.94

Importantly, appellate counsel is not constitutionally required to raise all possible

issues on appeal.95          “A defendant can only show that his appellate counsel

89
     Younger v. State, 580 A.2d 552, 556 (Del. 1990).
90
     State v. Gonzalez, 2019 WL 1762976, *1 (Del.).
91
     Id.
92
  Albury v. State, 551 A.2d 53, 59 (Del. 1988); Salih v. State, 2008 WL 4762323, at *1 (Del.
2008).
93
     Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689 (1984).
94
     Flamer v. State, 585 A.2d 736, 753 (Del. 1990).
95
     Neal v. State, 80 A.3d 938, 946 (Del. 2013).

                                                    16
ineffectively represented him where the attorney omits issues that are clearly

stronger than those the attorney presented” on appeal.96 Even where a defendant is

successful in demonstrating the foregoing, he must then establish a reasonable

probability that, but for appellate counsel’s failure to raise the issue, the defendant

would have prevailed on appeal.97

Motion to Withdraw

          On February 19, 2021, assigned Rule 61 counsel filed a Motion to Withdraw

as Postconviction Counsel pursuant to Superior Court Criminal Rule 61(e)(6).

Superior Court Criminal Rule 61(e)(6) provides that:

                    If counsel considers the movant’s claim to be so lacking in
                    merit that counsel cannot ethically advocate it, and counsel
                    is not aware of any other substantial ground for relief
                    available to the movant, counsel may move to withdraw.
                    The motion shall explain the factual and legal basis for
                    counsel’s opinion and shall give notice that the movant
                    may file a response to the motion within 30 days of service
                    of the motion upon the movant.

          In the motion to withdraw, Rule 61 counsel represented that, after undertaking

a thorough analysis of the record to evaluate the Defendant’s claims, counsel has

determined that the claims are so lacking in merit that counsel cannot ethically

96
     Ploof, 75 A.3d at 832.
97
     Neal at 947.

                                                17
advocate any of them.98 Counsel further represented that, following a thorough

review of the record, counsel was not aware of any other substantial claim for relief

available to the Defendant. Rule 61 counsel represented to the Court that there are

no potential meritorious grounds on which to base a Rule 61 motion and has

therefore sought to withdraw as counsel.99

           In order to evaluate Perkins’ Rule 61 motion and to determine whether his

Rule 61 counsel’s motion to withdraw should be granted, the Court should be

satisfied that Rule 61 counsel made a conscientious examination of the record and

the law for claims that could arguably support Perkins’ Rule 61 motion. In addition,

the Court should conduct its own review of the record to determine whether

Defendant’s Rule 61 motion is so totally devoid of any, at least, arguable

postconviction claims.100

           With this backdrop in mind, the Court turns to Perkins’ specific

postconviction claims.

98
   DI 115-118. (See Motion to Withdraw as Counsel along with the accompanying Memorandum
in Support of Motion to Withdraw and Appendix).
99
     Id.
100
      Matos v. State, 2015 WL 5719694, *2 (Del.).
                                                18
                          PERKINS’ RULE 61 CLAIMS

      In his initial Rule 61 Motion, Perkins asserts six claims for relief as follows:

      (1)    Ground One: Ineffective Assistance of Counsel. In his first claim,

Perkins alleges that counsel failed to prepare a defense, failed to provide him with

discovery until 18 days before trial, and failed to communicate with him.

      (2)    Ground Two: “Perjury in the First Degree.” In his second claim,

Perkins alleges that the State’s witnesses provided false testimony.

      (3)    Ground Three: Prosecutorial Misconduct. Perkins contends that the

State mislead the jury and was untruthful during trial.

      (4)    Ground Four: “Use of False Evidence.” Perkins argues that because

some of his clothing was never tested for DNA that the use of that clothing by the

forensic consultant in his testimony was tantamount to providing false evidence.

      (5)    Ground Five: Violation of His Miranda Rights. Perkins contends

that the “police did not explain it was a law for me to not answer questions until I

had my counsel present when they interviewed me.”

      (6)    Ground Six:      Violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct.

Perkins contends that trial counsel violated Section 1.4(a)(4) of the Delaware Rules

of Professional Responsibility by failing to promptly comply with his requests for

legal information before trial and during his direct appeal.
                                          19
      Through his supplemental pro se filings, Perkins further elaborates on his

initial claims and raises additional claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel.

Those claims regarding the purported failings of trial counsel can be fairly

summarized to include the following:

             (i)     failing to impeach or otherwise object to the testimony of certain
                     police officers at trial;101

             (ii)    failing to file a motion to suppress the clothing he was wearing
                     that was not tested for DNA and/or failing to present evidence
                     that some of the clothing he was wearing was not tested for DNA;

             (iii)   failing to call a voice authentication expert to testify that the
                     voice on the 911 call was not Perkins’ voice;

             (iv)    failing to cross examine the officer who testified regarding the
                     911 call with a transcript of the call “allowing the jury to see that
                     there was inconsistency with his statement”;

             (v)     failing to object to the testimony of Thomas Underwood;

             (vi)    failing to refute the statements about the Defendant having a
                     venereal disease; and

             (vii) failing to move to suppress evidence taken from Perkins at the
                   time of his arrest because the Defendant was taken into custody
                   without a warrant in violation of his Fourth and Fourteenth
                   Amendment rights.

101
    Perkins claims that Detective Bucksner made false statements during his August 26, 2015
preliminary hearing. DI 167, 169.

                                            20
       Perkins further contends that appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to

raise each of the prosecutorial misconduct, “perjury” and suppression claims in his

appeal.102

       For the reasons set forth below, all of the claims raised in Perkins’ Rule 61

Motion are either procedurally barred or without merit.

102
    In his pro se Brief in Support of Motion for Postconviction Relief pursuant to Superior Court
Criminal Rule 61, dated November 15, 2022, Perkins seems to abandon certain claims and/or
attempts to whittle down the foregoing into five claims as set forth below:

        Claim One – Petitioner’s rights under the United States and Delaware Constitutions were
violated by trial counsel’s failure to investigate, failure to move to suppress and present evidence
of Detective Bucksner[‘s] false statements made during Petitioner’s August 26, 2015 preliminary
hearing;

        Claim Two – Petitioner was deprived of a fair trial because the State knowing[ly] presented
and/or failed to correct false testimony at his trial; to the extent trial counsel could have objected
and presented evidence of prosecutorial misconduct an[d] perjury in the first degree;

         Claim Three – Petitioner’s rights under the United States and Delaware Constitutions were
violated by trial counsel’s failure to investigate and arrange for a voice expert to attend Petitioner’s
trial allowing the use of false evidence to be presented;

        Claim Four – Petitioner’s rights under the United States and Delaware Constitutions were
violated by trial counsel’s failure to object to Thomas Underwood[‘s] testimony and failure to
request a self-serving instruction where State’s witness had offenses that were never explored; and

        Claim Five – The cumulative effect of two or more of the above-described violations of
Petitioner’s rights deprived Petitioner of a fair trial and, thus, due process of law under the United
States and Delaware Constitutions.

DI 168 at i-ii. Rather than treat the foregoing five claims as the only operative ones, the Court has
addressed all claims it was able to discern from Perkins’ numerous pro se filings for completeness.

                                                  21
                ANALYSIS OF PERKINS’ POSTCONVICTION CLAIMS

         A. Ground One: Ineffective Assistance of Counsel and
            Ground Six: Violation of Section 1.4(a)(4) of the Delaware Rules of
            Professional Conduct

         Perkins contends in ground one of his initial Rule 61 Motion that trial counsel

(i) failed to prepare a defense, (ii) failed to send him discovery until 18 days before

his trial commenced and (iii) failed to communicate with him.103 Similar to the third

allegation, ground six contends that trial counsel failed to “promptly comply” with

Perkins’ reasonable requests for legal information before trial and during his appeal

in violation of Section 1.4(a)(4) of the Delaware Rules of Professional Conduct.104

Because of the similarity between the ineffective assistance of counsel claims and

the claim regarding the violation of the professional rules of conduct, ground one

and ground six will be addressed together.

            1. Failure to Provide a Defense

         Perkins’ claim that counsel failed to prepare a defense for trial is a conclusory

statement that is legally insufficient to prove an ineffective assistance of counsel

claim.105 Accordingly, the claim should be dismissed.

103
      A802, A807.
104
   A803, A808. Rule 1.4(a)(4) provides that “A lawyer shall promptly comply with reasonable
requests for information.” Del. Prof. Cond. R. 14.
105
    See Jordan v. State, 1994 WL 466142, at *1 (Del. Aug. 25, 1994) (holding that conclusory
allegations are legally insufficient to prove ineffective assistance of counsel) (citing Younger, 580
A.2d at 556).
                                                 22
            Notwithstanding the foregoing, the record does not support Perkins’ claim.

After consultation with the Defendant, trial counsel pursued an identify defense as

Perkins asserted that he was not the individual who killed Jaime Murphy.106 Trial

counsel hired a private investigator to attempt to substantiate Perkins’ claim that

another person at Canby Park killed Ms. Murphy and he merely came upon her after

the attack, but the private investigator found no evidence to support his

allegations.107 Despite the lack of evidence to support these assertions, trial counsel

nevertheless argued in both his opening and closing statement that Perkins was not

the killer.108 Counsel introduced the possibility that Perkins may have tried to help

Ms. Murphy in order to explain the reason Perkins was covered in her blood.109

            To further try to establish reasonable doubt, trial counsel also questioned

witnesses about other people who were seen in Canby Park that day as well as the

other 911 calls that were placed around the park area in the early morning hours of

July 23, 2015.110 Another 911 call was placed seven seconds after the one placed

106
   A82, A86-87, A101-04, A108, A120-22, A123-25. See also Appendix to State’s Response to
Defendant’s Pro Se Motion for Postconviction Relief, Counsel’s Motion to Withdraw, and
Defendant’s Response to Motion to Withdraw at 90-91) (All references to the Appendix provided
by the State are hereinafter referred to as “B___”).
107
      B90.
108
      A218-19, A656, A658.
109
      Id.
110
      A599-610; A378-81.
                                             23
from Ms. Murphy’s cell phone and, based on this evidence, trial counsel presented

the jury with the theory that the other caller could have been the killer.111

          The record reflects that trial counsel prepared and presented Perkins’ chosen

defense, despite the overwhelming evidence against him presented by the State. The

fact that the chosen strategy did not yield an acquittal does not make trial counsel’s

performance legally ineffective under Strickland.

              2. Failure to Provide Discovery Until 18 Days Before Trial

          Perkins alleges that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to provide him

with discovery until 18 days before trial.112 This claim is without merit because trial

counsel was complying with the protective order issued by the Court.

          Pursuant to Superior Court Criminal Rule 16(d), “the court may at any time

order that discovery or inspection be denied, restricted, or deferred, or make such

other order as is appropriate.”113 Rule 16(d) permits the Court to issue a protective

order that limits a defendant’s ability to review certain discovery material.114 In this

case, the Court issued a protective order that prevented trial counsel from disclosing

111
      A382-88; A659-62.
112
      A802; A807.
113
      Del. Super. Ct. Crim. R. 16(d).
114
      State v. Melton, 2018 WL 3096636, at *2 (Del. Super. June 21, 2018).

                                                24
identifying information regarding witnesses to Perkins, his family or associates

without leave of Court.115 Even though Perkins did not receive certain discovery

until close to trial, the State provided trial counsel with that discovery to be used in

preparation for trial. Trial counsel, however, was bound by the Court’s order.

         The Delaware Supreme Court has made clear that a defendant cannot establish

a case for ineffective assistance of counsel under Strickland based on trial counsel’s

failure to provide the defendant with discovery materials where a protective order

prevents him from doing so.116 As such, Perkins has failed to show that counsel’s

actions in providing discovery within 18 days of trial falls below an objective

standard of reasonableness.       Nor has he established prejudice. Perkins fails to

identify any information contained in the discovery that would have aided his

defense had he personally received it sooner. His claim is without merit.

             3. Failure to Communicate

         Perkins alleges that trial counsel failed to communicate with him and did not

promptly comply with his requests for legal information.117 Like his claim for failure

115
      A78.
116
   State v. Melton, 2018 WL 3096636, at *2 (Del. Super. Ct. June 21, 2018); see also State v.
Lewis 2018 WL 5843464, at *6-7 (Del. Super. Ct. Nov. 5, 2018).
117
      A802-03, A807-08.

                                             25
to prepare a defense, this statement is conclusory and fails to meet either prong under

Strickland.118 Moreover, the record reflects that this assertion is factually untrue.

         Trial counsel communicated with Perkins at court appearances, through

letters, and in-person meetings.119 Trial counsel reviewed the evidence with Perkins

on numerous occasions.120 Discussion took place regarding trial strategy121 and,

immediately prior to trial, counsel communicated with Perkins regarding witness

statements that implicated him in the killing as well as all the evidence the State

intended to present at trial.122 The notion that trial counsel failed to “respond

promptly” is likewise not reflected in the record.               Perkins may have wanted

responses more quickly from his counsel but nothing in the record suggests that they

were derelict in their duty.

         Mere allegations of failing to communicate are insufficient under Strickland.

Perkins must demonstrate how counsel’s performance was deficient and show that

he suffered prejudice as a result. He has failed to do either.

118
    See McNeill, 2016 WL 5940323, at *5 (holding that vague allegations that trial counsel failed
to communicate with the defendant did not meet the standard necessary to show that trial counsel’s
performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness or that defendant was prejudiced).
119
      See e.g. B97-98, B103, B150-51, B156.
120
      A102-04.
121
      B89-91, A82, A86-86, A101-05, A108, A120-25.
122
      B90-91.

                                               26
         B. Ground Two: Perjury in the 1st Degree;
            Ground Three: “Prosecutorial Misconduct” and
            Supplemental Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
            Claims Related Thereto

         In his initial Rule 61 Motion, Perkins asserts without any support in ground

two that the State’s witnesses swore falsely and gave false statements during their

testimony.123 In ground three, he likewise makes the conclusory statement that the

prosecution misled the jury with “untruthfulness” during trial.124 As best as can be

discerned, Perkins attempts to expand on these claims in his subsequent pro se filings

by providing some specificity regarding the purported perjury and prosecutorial

misconduct.

         Perkins conducts a painstaking review of the aspects of the record he deems

to be inaccurate or untruthful statements. He attempts to point out inconsistencies

between prior statements and testimony at trial and argues that the prosecution was

aware of these inconsistencies and allowed the witnesses to perjure themselves and,

in so doing, engaged in prosecutorial misconduct. Perkins takes particular issue with

the testimony of Detective Bucksner, who Perkins’ claims provided false testimony

by (i) testifying inaccurately at Perkins’ preliminary hearing about a number of

123
      A802, A807.
124
      A802, A807.

                                          27
subjects including, but not limited to, Underwood’s statements to him about Perkins’

intentions with respect to Ms. Murphy as well as the blood observed by Underwood

on Perkins’ fingers after the murder; (ii) testifying that when Perkins was taken into

custody he had blood on his grey long-sleeve t-shirt, dark blue t-shirt and orange

sweatpants, which Perkins claims is contradictory to the testimony of another officer

and (iii) testifying at trial inaccurately about the statements made by the male voice

on the 911 call.125 Perkins further contends that the statements made by Detective

Bucksner at the preliminary hearing constitute perjury because Underwood stated

during his police interview on the day of the murder that Perkins was going to “beat

her up” but did not say Perkins intended to kill her.126 He further claims that the

State committed prosecutorial misconduct by not correcting the alleged false

testimony and perjury of which he claims the State was aware.127 Perkins then

claims that trial counsel was ineffective for not impeaching Detective Bucksner’s

credibility and both trial and appellate counsel were ineffective for failing to raise

the perjury and prosecutorial misconduct claims.128

125
      B80-82; A83-88, DI 167.
126
   B84-85, DI 167 at (i), 3-5. Detective Bucksner testified at Perkins’ preliminary hearing held
on August 26, 2015 as follows: “The witness also stated that on July 22nd they had a conversation
with Perkins in which Mr. Perkins stated he was going to kill Murphy.” A41.
127
      B80-82, B83-88, DI 167.
128
      Id.

                                               28
          However, the direct claims asserting false statements, perjury and

prosecutorial misconduct are procedurally barred under Rule 61(i)(3) for failing to

raise them in the proceedings leading to his judgement of conviction.129                      To

overcome this bar, Perkins would have to demonstrate (i) cause for relief and

prejudice from the violation of his rights130 or (ii) that an exception applies pursuant

to Rule 61(i)(5). With respect to the latter, Perkins makes no challenge based on

jurisdiction, offers no new evidence of his actual innocence or a new rule of

constitutional law that would overcome this procedural default.131 As to the former,

he cannot demonstrate cause for relief or prejudice because the ineffective assistance

of counsel claims relating to the purported perjury and prosecutorial misconduct fail

on the merits.

          Trial counsel acted reasonable under the circumstances and was not

ineffective for failing to object to alleged instances of perjury and prosecutorial

misconduct because the record does not support those allegations. Under Delaware

law, a person commits perjury if he “swears falsely.”132 “A person ‘swears falsely’

129
    See Ruffin v. State, 2019 WL 719038, at *2 (Del. Feb 19, 2019) (holding that claims of
prosecutorial misconduct not raised on direct appeal are procedurally barred under Rule 61(i)(3));
see also Reeder v. State, 2006 WL 1210986, at *2 (Del. May 3, 2006) (holding that perjury claims
raised for the first time on a motion for postconviction relief are procedurally barred under Rule
61(i)(3)).
130
      Super Ct. Crim R. 61(i)(3).
131
      Super Ct. Crim R. 61(d)(2)(i) and (ii).
132
      11 Del. C. §§ 1221-1223.
                                                29
when the person intentionally makes a false statement . . . knowing it to be false or

not believing it to be true, while giving testimony under oath. . .” 133 Discrepancy

alone is not enough to prove perjury and mere contradictions in witness testimony

“may not constitute knowing use of false or perjured testimony.”134 Rather, such

contradictions are credibility questions for the jury.135

          Nothing in the record indicates that Detective Bucksner intentionally lied at

any stage of the proceedings. Detective Bucksner testified at Perkins’ preliminary

hearing that two witnesses advised him that the Defendant “constantly talked about

harming” Ms. Murphy and Perkins further told one witness that “he was going to

kill Murphy” the day before her murder.136 Underwood likewise testified at trial that

Perkins stated that he was going to kill Ms. Murphy if she gave him a venereal

disease.137       Trial counsel recognized that Underwood’s trial testimony was

inconsistent with the statement he gave to police on the day of the murder in which

Underwood indicated that Perkins was going to “beat her up” but did not use the

133
      11 Del. C. § 1224.
134
   Romeo v. State, 2011 WL 1877845, at *3 (Del. May 13, 2011); Lambert v. Blackwell, 387 F.3d
210, 249 (3d Cir. 2004).
135
      Romeo, 2011 WL 1877845, at *3.
136
      A41, A28.
137
      A312, A317, A322.

                                             30
word “kill.”138 Counsel successfully admitted Underwood’s prior statement under

11 Del. C. § 3507, but under cross examination, Underwood insisted that he had told

Detective Bucksner that Perkins said he was going to kill Ms. Murphy.139 Detective

Bucksner later testified that he did not recall Underwood telling him during the

interview that Perkins was going to kill Ms. Murphy but did recall Underwood

stating that Perkins was going to harm Ms. Murphy if she gave him a venereal

disease.140

         These inconsistencies do not establish perjury but rather are credibility

questions left to the jury. Moreover, given that trial counsel had the prior statement

admitted into evidence and cross examined the witnesses about these allegedly

inconsistent statements, trial counsel was the antithesis of deficient. Trial counsel

did precisely what was expected of him under such circumstances.

         Likewise, there is no credible claim for perjury with respect to the testimony

given by Detective Bucksner regarding the 911 call. Perkins claims that Bucksner

committed perjury because he testified that the male voice on the 911 call referred

to himself as “G” during the killing.141 It appears that the transcript of the 911 call

138
      A320-21, B43.
139
      A322.
140
      A330-321.
141
      A578.

                                           31
prepared by O’Rourke Investigative Services at the request of defense counsel does

not show the male speaker identifying himself as “G” in the text.142 However, the

jury was not shown the transcript of the 911 call, but rather, heard the actual 911 call

numerous times and were free to draw their own conclusions regarding what the

male voice said during the call.143 In light of the foregoing, the Court cannot

conclude that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to cross examine Detective

Bucksner with an unofficial transcript of the 911 call. Nor can Perkins show

prejudice for trial counsel’s failure to cross examine Detective Bucksner with that

transcript given that Perkins’ probation officer identified him as the male voice on

the 911 call.

       Based on the record, all of Perkins’ claims regarding perjury and prosecutorial

conduct are without merit. Counsel is not obligated to assert meritless or frivolous

claims. Moreover, there is no reasonable probability that the outcome of the trial

would have been different if such claims had been raised given the overwhelming

nature of the evidence against the Defendant.

142
   A173-75, B105-09, B159-64. The transcript referenced by Perkins in his Rule 61 Motion was
not an exhibit used during trial by either side.
143
    A205-06, A365, A394. See Weston v. State, 2001 WL 265964, at*10 (Del. Mar. 7, 2001)
(“Inconsistencies in testimony alone are insufficient to establish the State’s knowing use of
perjury, ‘especially where, as here, the jury as been exposed to all inconsistencies.’”).

                                             32
         C. Ground Four: “The Use of False Evidence” and
            Supplemental Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
            Claims Related Thereto

         In his fourth claim, Perkins takes issue with the “forensic consultant

producing clothing evidence that was never tested for DNA.”144 He seems to argue

that because certain clothing evidence that the forensic consultant testified about was

not tested for DNA, the use of such evidence at trial is tantamount to “the use of

false evidence.”145 As a free-standing claim, Perkins’ “use of false evidence”

assertion is procedurally barred under Rule 61(i)(3) because he failed to raise it in

the proceedings leading to his conviction and, as such, should be summarily

dismissed.

         In his subsequent pro se filings, however, Perkins attempts to couch the same

“use of false evidence” argument into one of ineffective assistance of counsel by

claiming that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to (i) present evidence that

some of his clothing was not tested for DNA; (ii) object to police testimony that his

blue shirt and keychain had blood stains on them; (iii) object to police testimony that

he was wearing orange sweatpants over his blood stained blue sweatpants; and (iv)

144
      A808, A803.
145
      A808, A803; B80-82, B83-88.
                                           33
file a motion to suppress with respect to certain evidence.146          As previously

discussed, he similarly appears to claim that the 911 call constituted the “use of false

evidence” because he disputes that the male voice on the call was his and takes issue

with the testimony of his probation officer who identified his voice.147 Perkins goes

on to assert that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate and arrange

for a voice expert to refute that evidence and testify that the voice on the 911 call

was not his.148 As claims for ineffective assistance of counsel, these “false evidence”

claims are meritless.

         DNA claims

         The State called two witnesses with respect to the DNA evidence: (i) Sarah

Lindauer, a forensic DNA analyst for the State of Delaware and (ii) Paul Kish, a

private forensic consultant and blood stain pattern analyst. Numerous swabs and

physical evidence were submitted for DNA testing and Lindauer created a report

which documented the evidence she tested and the results.149 Specifically, she tested

each of the following items for the presence of blood: (i) the keychain with knife;

(ii) long-sleeve thermal t-shirt; (iii) blue sweatpants; (iv) Timberland boots; (v) the

146
      B80-82, B83-88.
147
      B83-88.
148
      B83-88; DI 168.
149
      A181-89.

                                          34
two McDonald’s cups and straws; (vi) nail clippings; (vii) hand swabs and (viii) a

swab from the playground safety panel for blood.150

         Following the preliminary testing for the presence of blood, Lindauer tested a

number of the items for DNA, including the knife blade, boot stains, McDonald’s

cup stains, McDonald’s cup straws, long-sleeve thermal t-shirt stains and blue

sweatpants.151 One of the McDonald’s cup had Ms. Murphy’s DNA on it and the

other had both Murphy’s and Perkins’ DNA on it.152 The blood stain on the long-

sleeve thermal shirt produced a mixed DNA profile of at least two individuals from

which Perkins was excluded but Ms. Murphy was included.153 The blood stain from

the blue sweatpants and left boot produced mixed DNA profiles of at least two

individuals with Ms. Murphy being a major contributor.154 The blood on the knife

blade found in Perkins’ pocket at the time of his arrest produced a single source

profile that was consistent with Ms. Murphy’s DNA profile, as did the blood stain

on one of Perkins’ boots.155 The knife handle swab produced a mixed DNA profile

150
      A475-76.
151
      A477-90.
152
      A478, A482-83.
153
      A484-85, A495.
154
      A485-89.
155
      A478-81.

                                           35
of at least three individuals from which Ms. Murphy was excluded but Perkins was

a possible contributor.156

         Perkins seems to argue that the State was required to test every piece of his

clothing for DNA in order to use it as evidence at trial but that is not the law.

“Delaware law does not require that the State perform any specific testing on the

physical evidence it gathers.”157 Nor was trial counsel deficient for failing to present

evidence that some of his clothing was not tested for DNA given that Lindauer

testified with specificity regarding which items were tested for DNA.158

         Nor can Perkins establish prejudice for counsels’ failure to do so. The

clothing and knife were recovered from Perkins’ person at the time of the arrest. The

DNA tests were to determine whether the blood stains belonged to Ms. Murphy not

to determine whether the clothing belonged to Perkins.

         The State did not elicit “false evidence” through the testimony of the police

officers or Kish because each testified regarding what they personally observed with

respect to the physical evidence. The officer who collected the clothing worn by

Perkins at the time of his arrest testified that there appeared to be dried blood on the

156
      A485.
157
  Dennis v. State, 2013 WL 1749807, at *3 (Del. Apr. 23, 2013 (citing Anderson v. State, 1999
WL 504332, at *3 (Del. Mar. 18, 1999).
158
      A473-97.

                                             36
keychain, knife blade, long-sleeve thermal t-shirt, blue t-shirt, blue sweatpants and

boots.159 The fact that the blue t-shirt, which Perkins was wearing under the long-

sleeve thermal t-shirt, was not tested for blood or DNA does not mean that the police

officer cannot testify to what he observed. Trial counsel would have no basis to

object to such testimony.

         Likewise, Kish testified regarding his observations after examining the orange

sweatpants for blood stains. The fact that the orange sweatpants were not tested for

blood or DNA does not prohibit Kish, a blood stain pattern analyst, from testifying

regarding what he observed on the orange sweatpants. As such, Kish’s testimony

does not constitute “false evidence.” The same is true for the arresting officer who

testified that Perkins was wearing orange sweatpants over his blue sweatpants at the

time of his arrest. He observed “blood all over the blue sweatpants” when he pulled

the orange sweatpants down slightly and saw “a bunch of blood, fresh blood, [not]

dried up blood,” in Perkins’ pocket.160         The officer’s testimony regarding his

observations does not constitute “false evidence” and, again, trial counsel would

have no basis to object to such testimony.

159
      A400-10.
160
      A353.

                                           37
         Finally, trial counsel would have had no basis to file a motion to suppress with

respect to the blue sweatpants, long-sleeve thermal t-shirt or McDonald’s cups.

Perkins seems to believe that the DNA report proved that his DNA was not found

on any of the foregoing items, but that is factually incorrect.

         911 call

         The issue regarding the admissibility of the testimony of Perkins’ probation

officer regarding his identification of Perkins’ voice on the 911 call was previously

adjudicated by this Court and is therefore barred by Rule 61(i)(4).161 No Rule 61

exceptions apply.

         Nor has Perkins established that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to

refute the testimony of the probation officer with an expert witness in the field of

voice analysis. Perkins asserts that expert testimony would have “prove[d] the use

of false evidence, since John French is the only witness claiming it’s my voice who

isn’t a voice expert and I claim it is not my voice.”162

         There is no dispute that Delaware Rule of Evidence 901(b)(5) provides that a

witness may provide voice identification “based on hearing the voice at any time

under circumstances that connect it with the alleged speaker” including “firsthand

161
      B66-79; A90.
162
      B83-88.

                                            38
or through mechanical or electronic transmission or recording.”163                  Opinion

testimony about the identity of a speaker is permissible if the moving party can show

that the witness has, at some point, heard the voice of the alleged speaker. 164 Here,

it is undisputed that the probation officer was familiar with Perkins’ voice from

speaking with him in person or by phone on a weekly basis over the course of

approximately six months.165 His experience with Perkins was sufficient to identify

him in the audio recording of the 911 call and, as such, his testimony was properly

admitted by the Court.

          This Court had determined that the decision not to call a witness to provide

conflicting voice identification testimony is well within trial counsel’s discretion.166

In this case, the decision not to call a voice identification witness fails under

Strickland because it is unlikely that such a witness would have changed the result

of the trial. Even without the testimony of Perkins’ probation officer, a reasonable

jury could have reached the conclusion that the male voice on the 911 call was

Perkins from the other evidence presented at trial.

163
      D.R.E. 901(b)(5).
164
      See Vouras v. State, 452 A.2d 1165, 1169 (Del. 1982).
165
      A393-96.
166
      See State v. Anderson, 2021 WL 1424302, at *12 (Del. Super. Apr. 12, 2021).

                                                 39
         Again, the jury heard the audiotape of the 911 call and heard the speaker refer

to himself as “G.” Underwood testified that he knew Perkins as “G” and he met

Perkins through a mutual friend who was known as “Jimmy.”167 The male speaker

also makes reference to a “Jim” on the 911 call. In addition, after his arrest, Perkins

was interviewed by Detective Bucksner and portions of the recorded interview were

played for the jury.168 So, in this case, the members of the jury had the opportunity

to hear the Defendant’s voice firsthand. A reasonable jury was capable of putting

these pieces together and concluding that Perkins was the male voice on the 911 call

without the voice identification testimony of the probation officer.

         D. Violation of Miranda Rights: “To Remain Silent”

         Perkins contends that the “police did not explain it was a law for me to not

answer questions until I had my counsel present when they interviewed me.”169 This

claim is procedurally barred under Rule 61(i)(3) because Perkins failed to raise it at

any earlier stage of the proceedings.170 It is also factually inaccurate.

167
      A310-12, A576.
168
      A581.
169
      A808, A803.
170
   Nor does Perkins assert any exception applies pursuant to Rule 61(i)(5). He makes no claim
regarding lack of jurisdiction, cites no new rule of constitutional law nor presents any new evidence
of his actual innocence. See Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(d)(2), (i)(5).

                                                 40
          Prior to questioning on July 23, 2015, Perkins was read his Miranda rights by

the Wilmington police and effectively waived those rights.171 The record reflects that

the detective recited the well-known phrase verbatim:

                 You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can
                 and will be used against you in the court. You have the
                 right to speak with an attorney and have him or her present
                 while being questioned. If you cannot afford to hire an
                 attorney, one will be appointed to represent you if you
                 wish. Do you understand the rights I’ve just explained to
                 you?172

In response thereto, Perkins stated “yes.”173 The detective then inquired as to

whether Perkins wanted to speak with him in view of these rights and he again

responded in the affirmative.174

          Perkins’ waiver was voluntary, unequivocal, and made with the full awareness

of the right being abandoned and the consequences of doing so.175              Contrary to

Perkins’ assertion, a defendant need not consult with counsel prior to waiving his

rights.176 This claim is procedurally barred and has no merit.

171
      A133.
172
      A133 (emphasis added).
173
      A133.
174
      A134.
175
   See Rambo v. State, 939 A.2d 1275, 1278-79 (Del. 2007) (explaining the two necessary
components of a proper waiver of Miranda rights).
176
      Bryan v. State, 571 A.2d 170, 176 (Del. 1990).

                                                 41
         E. Additional Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Claims Raised Pro Se

         Perkins raises three additional claims for ineffective assistance of counsel in

his supplemental filings. First, Perkins claims that trial counsel was ineffective for

failing to refute the statements regarding his having a venereal disease.177 Second,

Perkins claims that trial counsel was ineffective by failing to seek a jury instruction

regarding the veracity of Underwood’s testimony in light of his criminal past.178

Third, Perkins claims that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to file a motion to

suppress on the grounds that he was taken into custody without a warrant in violation

of his Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment rights.179 Both of these claims are without

merit.

                1. Venereal Disease

         Perkins asserts that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to refute the

statements about his having a venereal disease by presenting evidence from

laboratory reports taken while he was at the Department of Corrections which stated

his test results were “basically within normal limits.”180 This claim misses the mark.

177
      B83.
178
      D167.
179
      B83-88.
180
    B99-102, B152-55. The laboratory tests to which the Defendant refers were taken at the
Department of Corrections on August 20, 2015 and May 3, 2016, but the exact nature of what the
Defendant was tested for is unclear from the documents presented. The only thing that can be
discerned is that whatever the tests were for that his results were “basically within normal limits.”

                                                 42
          Evidence was presented at trial through Underwood’s testimony, that in the

days leading up to the murder of Jaime Murphy, Perkins was angry with her because

he believed she had given him a venereal disease.181 Perkins told Underwood if she

had, in fact, given him a venereal disease that he was going to harm her.182 Perkins

also advised the police that he developed a rash after having sex with Ms. Murphy

the week before her death and sought treatment at Christiana Hospital related to the

rash just two days before Ms. Murphy was killed.183 Perkins’ medical records from

Christiana Hospital were admitted into evidence at trial and confirmed he was treated

for exposure to a sexually transmitted disease184

          Perkins’ belief that Ms. Murphy had given him a venereal disease was

presented by the State as his motive for the killing. None of the evidence presented

at trial established that Perkins had, in fact, contracted a venereal disease. The fact

that Perkins may have tested “normal” after the date of the murder has no bearing

on his belief or state of mind at the time of murder. Trial counsel would have had

no logical basis upon which to introduce the results of the laboratory tests taken

181
      A312-13, A317, A321, A567.
182
      A312-13, A317.
183
      A136, A150-54, A157-58.
184
      A583-84, State Ex 75.

                                          43
while the Defendant was incarcerated. It cannot be said that the failure to do so was

objectively unreasonable nor was Defendant prejudiced by that failure.

               2. Failure to Request Proper Jury Instruction

         Perkins contends that trial counsel was ineffective for failing “to object to

Thomas Underwood[‘s] testimony and failure to request self serving instruction

where State’s witness had offenses that were never explored.” Based on the

foregoing, it seems that Perkins’ believes that trial counsel should have further

explored Underwood’s criminal past to impeach his credibility on cross examination

and then request a jury instruction that would caution the jury regarding the

credibility of his testimony.185

         On direct examination, the State asks Underwood if he was ever convicted of

(i) failure to register as a sex offender in each of 2012 and 2015 and (ii) a sex offense

loitering charge in 2017.186 Underwood admits to the failure to register convictions

185
   D167 at 37-38. Perkins asserts that trial counsel should have requested the following jury
instruction in accordance with Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293, fn14 (1966): “You should
carefully scrutinize the testimony given and the circumstances under which each witness as
testified, and every matter in evidence which tends to indicate whether the witness is worthy of
belief. Consider each witness’ intelligence, his motives, state of mind, his demeanor and manner
while on the stand. Consider also any relation each witness may bear to either side of the case . .
. All evidence of a witness whose self-interest is shown from either benefits received, detriments
suffered, threats or promises should be considered with caution and weighed with care.”
186
      A313.

                                                44
and seemingly to the loitering conviction.187 The record does not reflect any further

inquiries into these matters by trial counsel.

            Perkins argues “had counsel requested and the jury been given proper

instruction they would have been fully aware of why a perfect stranger would testify

falsely about a murder case.”188 Perkins’ claim regarding lack of a proper jury

instruction is without merit. The jury was adequately instructed on how to consider

and assess the credibility of witnesses.189 The Court instructed the jury on how to

consider conflicting testimony of witnesses, to assess the credibility and the weight

to be given their statements, and to assess the motivations and interests of the

witnesses.190 The fact that the Court did not use the exact words set forth in Hoffa

v. United States does not render the instruction improper.

            Perkins also seems to contend that counsel was ineffective for failing to

impeach Underwood by further cross examining him regarding his past crimes. The

jury was aware of Underwood's crimes because the State brought them to light on

direct examination and, as such, could consider such facts in accessing his

187
      Id.
188
      DI 167 at 37.
189
       A693-95.
190
      Id.

                                            45
credibility. It is not clear to the Court how much value would have come from any

further questioning of Underwood by defense counsel in that regard.

          The decision as to whether or not to call a witness, and how to examine and/or

cross examine a witness is a tactical decision.191 Great weight and deference is given

to tactical decisions made by trial counsel and there is a strong presumption that

defense counsel’s conduct constituted sound trial strategy.192 Perkins has failed to

overcome this strong presumption as he has failed to establish that the outcome of

the trial would have been different as a result of any alleged shortcoming of trial

counsel in the cross examination of Underwood.

                  3. Motion to Suppress Evidence Obtained at Time of Arrest

          Perkins contends that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to move to

suppress the use of the evidence obtained at the time of his arrest and that appellate

counsel was likewise ineffective for failing to raise this issue on direct appeal.193

Perkins asserts he was taken into custody without a valid warrant in violation of his

Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment rights because at the time he was taken into

191
       Outten v. State, 720 A.2d 547,557 (Del. 1998).
192
      Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689 (1984).
193
      B83-88, DI 167.

                                                  46
custody the search warrant was not executed.194 Accordingly, he argues that the

evidence was illegally seized.195 This contention is also without merit.

          The record reflects that the police had probable cause to arrest Perkins based

on the evidence it had established linking Perkins to Ms. Murphy’s death and to

search him incident to that arrest. Trial counsel recognized the same and advised

Perkins’ that there was no colorable basis for filing a motion to suppress.196 An

ineffective assistance of counsel claim based on the failure to file a motion is without

merit if trial counsel lacked a legal or factual basis to do so.197 Likewise, appellate

counsel cannot be deemed ineffective for failing to raise a meritless issue on appeal.

          Under the facts and circumstances of this case, both appellate and trial

counsel’s actions were objectively reasonable. Even if those actions were somehow

judged to be unreasonable, there is no reasonable probability that, but for those

actions, the result of trial or Perkins’ direct appeal would have been different.

194
  A29-30. Perkins was arrested at approximately 5:30 p.m. (or 1730 hours) and the search
warrant was not executed until 7:57 p.m. (or 1957 hours).
195
      B87-88, DI 167.
196
      B98.
197
      State v. Exum, 2002 WL 100576, *2 (Del. Super.), affirmed, 2012 WL 2017230, *1 (Del.).
                                                47
                                        CONCLUSION

       The evidence presented at trial implicating Perkins in the death of Jaime

Murphy was overwhelming. It included, among other things, (i) an audiotape of the

911 call made from the victim’s phone during the attack on July 23rd in which her

killer’s voice is heard and then identified as being Perkins’ voice at trial, (ii)

surveillance video of the victim and the Defendant together the evening before she

was killed, (iii) DNA evidence of the victim found on the murder weapon and

Perkins’ clothes and (iv) witness testimony implicating Perkins in the crime and

establishing motive. The Court finds no professional errors on the part of trial or

appellate counsel much less any errors that would meet the exacting standards set

forth in Strickland or otherwise convince the Court that the trial cannot be relied on

as having produced a just result.198

       Perkins has failed to establish that either his appellate counsel or trial counsel

were deficient in any regard or that he suffered actual prejudice as a result thereof.

The Court has reviewed the record carefully and has concluded that Defendant’s

Rule 61 motion is without merit and devoid of any other substantial claims for relief.

The court is also satisfied that appointed Rule 61 counsel made a conscientious effort

198
    Having found no meritorious claims for postconviction relief, the Court need not address
Perkins’ claim based on “the cumulative effect of two or more of the . . . violations of petitioner’s
rights.” DI 167 at 39-40.
                                                 48
to examine the record and the law and has properly determined that Perkins does not

have a meritorious claim to be raised in his Rule 61 motion.

      For all of the foregoing reasons, Perkins’ Motion for Postconviction Relief

should be DENIED and Rule 61 counsel’s motion to withdraw should be

GRANTED. Any and all other motions related to the Rule 61 Motion filed by the

Defendant and not previously ruled upon by the Court are hereby DENIED.

      IT IS SO RECOMMENDED.

                                              /s/ Janine M. Salomone
                                              The Honorable Janine M. Salomone

oc:   Prothonotary
cc:   Carolyn S. Hake, Esquire
      Patrick J. Collins, Esquire
      Kimberly A. Price, Esquire
      Anthony A. Figliola, Jr. Esquire
      Gary Perkins (SBI #285925)

                                         49