Court Opinion

ID: 3771384
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-06 07:23:45.344456+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:05:05.776056
License: Public Domain

Error is prosecuted from judgments in behalf of defendant in error against plaintiffs in error in the above-entitled cases. The facts in the two cases are so nearly alike as to present the same issues and questions of law. The parties appeared in *Page 527 
the trial court in style the reverse of that held here, and we so refer to them. Substantially, each petition avers that plaintiff and defendant entered into a written contract for the purchase and sale of certain real property in the city of Springfield; that the plaintiff, the Kissell Improvement Company, was the seller, and the defendants the buyers. The purchase price is set up, and it is averred that the payments thereon were to be made so much down, and the balance in monthly installments, in fixed amounts, with interest. It is also averred that the defendants agreed to pay taxes and assessments upon the property to be purchased, and further agreed to pay certain maintenance cost against said property. It is alleged that, pursuant to the contract, the defendants made the down payments upon the signing and delivery of the contracts, and paid certain monthly installments, but that, on and after installments had been paid to a certain date, there was a default, and that since that time no installments had been paid, and that interest, due and payable upon deferred installments, had not been met, and that there were taxes and maintenance charges due and unpaid.
The prayer of each petition was for a sum representative of monthly installments due on the contract, together with interest, taxes, and maintenance cost. The answer in each case is substantially the same. The execution of the contract is admitted; it is admitted that the terms of payment and amounts were as pleaded in the petitions, and that there was an agreement to pay taxes, assessments and maintenance cost.
It is further averred that the plaintiff agreed, upon the full payment of purchase price, interest, taxes, and maintenance cost, to convey the premises to defendants by deeds of general warranty, clear and free from all incumbrances excepting taxes and assessments, which defendants had agreed to pay, and excepting certain liens.
It is claimed by counsel for defendants that the *Page 528 
plaintiff has elected to proceed upon an unauthorized remedy; that it is restricted to a choice of one of four remedies, namely: (1) To rescind the contract. (2) To foreclose the contract as a mortgage, it being considered that the payments made by the purchaser pro tanto give the purchaser some equitable interposition into the title of the property involved. (3) Specific performance in proper action instituted and evidenced. (4) Suit for damages for the breach of contract.
The action of plaintiff proceeds as one at law for money due. The defenses asserted, except that which avers that there is no contract, are equitable. The relief sought is a bar to the recovery of plaintiff. There is no doubt that the action for the plaintiff for intermediate installments, and the other amounts prayed for, is predicated upon express terms of the contract, agreed to by the parties as representative of their purpose. If we accede to the claim of defendants that plaintiff has misconceived its cause of action, then we are requiring the plaintiff to do something other and different from that which the defendants, by contractual pronouncement, consented that it should do. The defenses asserted, in view of the pleadings, as found at the time of trial, disclose no injustice resulting to defendants by a judgment for plaintiff. The issues drawn upon the cause of action of plaintiff were submitted to the trial judge without the intervention of a jury, and he was thus given full latitude to accord to the defenses asserted all the consideration that could be given to them, either in law or on the chancery side of the court.
It is claimed that there is a variance in the cause of action stated in the petition and the one appearing by the reply. We do not so view the standing of the plaintiff, upon the pleadings. The plaintiff proceeds in its petition upon the theory of an action at law to recover specific payments due by the terms of a *Page 529 
written contract. The defenses interpose issues (1) relating to future contingencies, wherein the plaintiff might refuse to execute and deliver its deed per contract; (2) that there had been no meeting of the minds upon certain restrictions which were to be incorporated in the contract. The first defenses were equitable in character. Responsive thereto, the plaintiff, to meet the so-called equities of defendants, tendered a deed to be delivered when the terms of the contracts as to payments had been met by defendants, and also proposed to include all those restrictive covenants for which defendants were contending within the restrictive covenants of the deed. In our judgment, this was proper pleading. Upon the defenses asserted, it would not be a variance for the plaintiff to concede all the equities contended for by the defendants, though there may have been a dispute as to whether they were entitled to them by the strict terms of the contracts between the parties.
We perceive no reason whatever why the trial court should not have accorded to the plaintiff the right to a money judgment for the independent intermediate installments due on the contracts, together with other payments specifically agreed upon by defendants, though defendants were not in possession of the premises. To hold otherwise would abrogate the right of individuals to determine the subject-matter of a contract and the terms and conditions thereof.
This right is obviously within the law unless a different determination is required by the two Ohio cases cited by counsel for defendants, namely, Rolland, Admr., v. Stout, Exrx., 8 Ohio Law Abs., 366, and the Will-O-Way Development Co. v. Mills,122 Ohio St. 242, 171 N.E. 94. The syllabus of the latter case is: "Upon default being made by a vendee of a land contract, the vendor cannot in an action upon the contract recover from his vendee the balance due upon the full *Page 530 purchase price stated therein, without alleging tender of the deed of conveyance." (Italics ours.)
In the cited case, one of the basic facts upon which determination was made was that the vendor was undertaking, by an action at law, to recover the full amount due from the vendee on a land contract, without alleging and proving tender of a proper deed of conveyance to the vendee. The court, by Judge Allen, stating the general rule, says, at page 244: "Where a conveyance is to be made on payment, and payment is to be made in installments, an action for the purchase price, or for a sumwhich includes the last installment, should show the tender of a deed" — citing 35 A.L.R., 115.
The same distinction to which we have called attention is found in Rolland, Admr., v. Stout, Exrx., supra. We observe no conflict in the law of these cases and the theory of the trial court in the decision and judgment in the instant case. Authority for the action as it proceeds is found in 27 Ruling Case Law, 611, Section 365: "Where the contract is executory and the promise of the purchaser to pay the purchase money is independent of the vendor's agreement to convey, an action will lie for the unpaid and overdue purchase money though there has been no conveyance or offer to convey on the part of the vendor."
Cases supporting the principle are collated in an annotation in 35 A.L.R., 108. Our specific question is found at page 121 of 35 A.L.R., where this rule is laid down: "Where a conveyance is to be made on payment of all the instalments, and all are not due, an action on an intermediate instalment may be maintained without averring a tender of a deed." No cases opposing the proposition as stated are cited. The judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
KUNKLE and BARNES, JJ., concur. *Page 531