Court Opinion

ID: 9661367
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-23 22:37:03.09879+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:14:27.904618
License: Public Domain

VANCE, Justice,
dissenting.
Although the Court of Criminal Appeals has determined that an administrative driver’s license suspension does not constitute “punishment” for double jeopardy purposes, Ex parte Tharp v. State, 935 S.W.2d at 161, 1 find nothing in the concept of collateral es-toppel that depends on whether the former determination of the issue in question resulted in punishment. Thus, I agree with Chief Justice Boyd’s dissent in State v. Smiley:
Section 724.048(a) does not preclude the application of collateral estoppel. Both the United States Supreme Court and our Court of Criminal Appeals have defined collateral estoppel to mean “that when an issue of ultimate fact has once been determined by a valid and final judgment, that issue cannot again be litigated between the same parties in any future lawsuit.” Ashe v. Swenson, 397 U.S. 436, 443, 90 S.Ct. 1189, 1194, 25 L.Ed.2d 469 (1970); Ex parte Mathes, 830 S.W.2d 596, 598 (Tex.Crim.App.1992). Nothing in that definition requires that the prior judgment be the result of a criminal proceeding. Indeed, in Ex parte Tarver, 725 S.W.2d 195 (Tex.Crim.App.1986), that court found the trial court erred in rejecting Tarver’s collateral estoppel claim even though he had not been placed in jeopardy by the prior probation revocation proceeding. Id. at 197.
In Ashe, the Federal Supreme Court held that in the criminal law context, collateral estoppel is a right protected by the Fifth Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Thus, because the Fifth Amendment is applicable to the individual states, Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794, 89 S.Ct. 2056, 2062, 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969), the protections afforded by that amendment, including collateral estoppel, are a matter of constitutional right. Ashe, 397 U.S. at 445-46, 90 S.Ct. at 1195-96. To the degree that a statue is in conflict with the State or Federal Constitutions, the statue must yield. U.S. CONST, art. VI, cl. 2; Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137, 1 Cranch 137, 180, 2 L.Ed. 60 (1803); Ex parte Granviel, 561 S.W.2d 503, 511 (Tex.Crim.App.1978). The constitutional infirmity of this statute has been noted before. See Arnold v. State, 920 S.W.2d 704, 708 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1996, pet. filed) (discussing predecessor statute Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6687b-l, § 5(d) (repealed by Act of May 1, 1995, 74th Leg., R.S., ch. 165, § 1, 24,1995 Tex. Gen. Laws 1025,1870-71)).
State v. Smiley, 943 S.W.2d 156, 156 (Tex.App.—Amarillo 1997, pet. filed) (footnotes omitted). As Chief Justice Boyd points out, the much narrower doctrine of collateral es-toppel, or issue preclusion, precludes relit-igation of specific facts that were actually resolved in a prior litigation. Id. at 161 (citing Ashe, 397 U.S. at 443, 90 S.Ct. at 1194).
I would hold that the doctrine of collateral estoppel precludes another ruling on Todd’s motion to suppress based on the absence of probable cause. The prior ruling by the AL J occurred after a full hearing at which both parties had an opportunity to fully and fairly litigate the issue. The ALJ acted in a judicial capacity, and there is no reason not to accept his finding as rehable. Indeed, the entire procedure was established by the legislature to provide due process in license-suspension proceedings when a hearing is requested by the person whose license is subject to a suspension.
Because an administrative law judge has found that no probable cause existed to stop Todd, I would reverse the order overruling the motion to suppress evidence and grant the motion.