Court Opinion

ID: 4794660
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-08-20 14:10:12.560769+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:09:53.748160
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: AUGUST 13, 2021; 10:00 A.M.
                       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                Commonwealth of Kentucky
                          Court of Appeals

                             NO. 2018-CA-1769-ME

JONATHAN MICHAEL ESTES                                             APPELLANT

                 APPEAL FROM OLDHAM CIRCUIT COURT
v.              HONORABLE DOREEN S. GOODWIN, JUDGE
                      ACTION NO. 17-D-00061-001

SALLY ANN ESTES                                                      APPELLEE

                                   OPINION
                                  AFFIRMING

                                  ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: CALDWELL, DIXON, AND L. THOMPSON, JUDGES.

THOMPSON, L., JUDGE: Jonathan Estes appeals from an order of the Oldham

Family Court which denied his Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure (CR) 60.02

motion seeking a new domestic violence order (DVO) hearing. Appellant alleges

he is entitled to a new hearing due to newly discovered evidence and perjured

statements made by Sally Estes. We find no error and affirm.
                     FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

               Appellant and Appellee were married on January 1, 2005, and have

three children. On May 26, 2017, Appellee filed a domestic violence petition

against Appellant on behalf of herself and the three children. On June 29, 2017, a

hearing was held where Appellant, Appellee, and other witnesses testified.

Appellee alleged that Appellant had a temper and would verbally attack her and the

children. She testified that he would scream at them, call them names, and be

physically threatening. She described two specific instances of this which

occurred in May of 2017. Appellee also testified to other past instances of

Appellant pushing her, throwing objects at her, and breaking her personal

possessions.

               Appellee also testified to statements made by the children. Appellee

testified that the middle child cut his wrists with a dull knife and asked her for a

sharper knife so he could kill himself. Appellee attributed this behavior to the

child’s having been on a visit with Appellant a few days before. Appellee also

testified that the middle child told her that he was afraid of Appellant and while

discussing it, the child vomited on the floor. Appellee attributed this behavior to

the child’s fear of Appellant. Appellant objected to all the hearsay statements of

the children, but the trial court allowed them.

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            At the end of the hearing, the trial court granted Appellee’s petition

for a DVO. The court found that Appellee was in fear of imminent domestic

violence and made specific comments regarding the cutting and vomiting

incidents. The DVO was entered for a period of six months. Soon thereafter,

Appellant filed a CR 59.05 motion to alter, amend, or vacate the DVO. He argued,

amongst other things, that Appellee’s testimony regarding statements made by the

children constituted hearsay, should not have been admissible, and could not be the

basis of entering the DVO. The trial court agreed, but held:

            The [c]ourt, in disregarding the Petitioner’s alleged
            hearsay testimony, finds there was sufficient evidence of
            record to support a finding of domestic violence and
            abuse. Specifically, the record contained ample evidence
            of the escalating, aggressive and irrational behaviors of
            the Respondent, creating a fear of imminent physical
            injury for the Petitioner, on behalf of herself and the
            children. The [c]ourt was able to reach this conclusion
            without considering the statements allegedly made by the
            children.

The trial court did not vacate the DVO. Appellant did not appeal the entry of the

DVO.

            Soon after the entry of the DVO, the parties began divorce

proceedings. During this time, Appellant claims that evidence came to light

showing that some of Appellee’s testimony during the DVO was false. Appellant

then brought the underlying CR 60.02 motion requesting a new DVO hearing

based on new evidence and perjury. The trial court denied the motion, finding no

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perjury and no new evidence that would require a new DVO hearing. This appeal

followed.1

                                           ANALYSIS

                 CR 60.02 states:

                 On motion a court may, upon such terms as are just,
                 relieve a party or his legal representative from its final
                 judgment, order, or proceeding upon the following
                 grounds: (a) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable
                 neglect; (b) newly discovered evidence which by due
                 diligence could not have been discovered in time to move
                 for a new trial under Rule 59.02; (c) perjury or falsified
                 evidence; (d) fraud affecting the proceedings, other than
                 perjury or falsified evidence; (e) the judgment is void, or
                 has been satisfied, released, or discharged, or a prior
                 judgment upon which it is based has been reversed or
                 otherwise vacated, or it is no longer equitable that the
                 judgment should have prospective application; or (f) any
                 other reason of an extraordinary nature justifying relief.
                 The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and
                 on grounds (a), (b), and (c) not more than one year after
                 the judgment, order, or proceeding was entered or taken.
                 A motion under this rule does not affect the finality of a
                 judgment or suspend its operation.

Additionally, we note:

                     [o]ur standard of review of a trial court’s denial of a
                 CR 60.02 motion is whether the trial court abused its
                 discretion. The test for abuse of discretion is whether the
                 trial court’s decision was “arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair,
                 or unsupported by sound legal principles.”

                 . . . The decision as to whether to grant or to deny a
                 motion filed pursuant to the provisions of CR 60.02 lies

1
    We must note that the DVO in this case has long since expired.

                                                -4-
            within the sound discretion of the trial court. The rule
            provides that a court may grant relief from its final
            judgment or order upon various grounds. Moreover, the
            law favors the finality of judgments. Therefore, relief
            may be granted under CR 60.02 only with extreme
            caution and only under the most unusual and compelling
            circumstances.

Age v. Age, 340 S.W.3d 88, 94 (Ky. App. 2011) (citations omitted).

            CR 60.02 allows appeals based upon claims of error that
            “were unknown and could not have been known to the
            moving party by exercise of reasonable diligence and in
            time to have been otherwise presented to the court.” The
            rule represents the codification of the common law writ
            of coram nobis, which allows a judgment to be corrected
            or vacated based “upon facts or grounds, not appearing
            on the face of the record and not available by appeal or
            otherwise, which were not discovered until after
            rendition of judgment without fault of the parties seeking
            relief.”

Sanders v. Commonwealth, 339 S.W.3d 427, 437 (Ky. 2011) (citations omitted).

                   In those instances where grounds relief upon for
            relief under a 60.02 motion are such that they were
            known or could have been ascertained by the exercise of
            due diligence prior to the entry of the questioned
            judgment, then relief cannot be granted from the
            judgment under a 60.02 proceeding. Relief afforded by a
            60.02 proceeding is extraordinary in nature and should be
            related to those instances where the matters do not appear
            on the face of the record, were not available by appeal or
            otherwise, and were discovered after rendition of the
            judgment without fault of the party seeking relief.

Bd. of Trustees of Policemen’s & Firemen’s Ret. Fund of City of Lexington v.

Nuckolls, 507 S.W.2d 183, 186 (Ky. 1974).

                                       -5-
             As stated previously, after the DVO was entered, the parties began

divorce proceedings. Appellant claims that during these proceedings, evidence

came to light showing Appellee perjured herself during the DVO hearing.

Appellant focuses on three instances of alleged perjured testimony.

             The first is in regard to the cutting incident. After the DVO was

entered, child protective services (CPS) got involved with the family. A report

written by a CPS investigator indicated that the knife used by the middle child in

the cutting incident was fake and that there were no marks on the child’s arm.

Appellant claims that Appellee’s testimony at the DVO hearing that the middle

child was involved in a suicidal cutting incident was perjury because the child

could not break the skin with the fake knife. Appellee responded by arguing that

she did not say the knife was fake, only dull. Appellee believed the more

concerning issue was the child emulating suicidal behavior. Appellee also

acknowledged that the knife did not pierce the child’s skin, but did leave marks on

the arm.

             Also regarding the cutting incident, during the DVO hearing,

Appellee stated that it occurred on May 16, 2017, a few days after the child visited

Appellant. During the divorce proceeding, evidence revealed that it occurred on

May 19, 2017, about a week after the child’s visit with Appellant. Appellant

claims that Appellee purposefully misstated the date as May 16 in the DVO

                                        -6-
proceeding to make it closer to the visit with Appellant in order for the cutting to

be attributed to said visit. Appellee claims that her use of the incorrect date was a

simple error.

                The second instance of alleged perjured testimony was Appellee’s

statement that the middle child threw up while discussing how afraid he was of

Appellant. During the divorce proceedings, a custodial evaluator spoke to the

children. The evaluator’s report stated that the vomiting incident was discussed

with the middle child and the child threw up while he was discussing the divorce

with Appellee. Appellant claims Appellee lied during her testimony when she

stated the child vomited while discussing how scared he was of Appellant.

Appellee denied this allegation during the divorce trial and the child was not called

to testify. Appellee claims this is not perjured testimony, but simply conflicting

accounts of what actually occurred.

                The third instance of alleged perjury concerns Appellee’s testimony

during the DVO hearing that Appellant had been physically violent toward her.

CPS spoke with Appellee’s therapist during its investigation. The CPS report

stated that per Appellee’s therapist, Appellee reported that Appellant had “not laid

a hand on her or the children,” only that he had damaged property and was

demeaning toward the children. Appellant claims this directly contradicts her

testimony of some physical violence at the DVO hearing. Appellee argues that

                                           -7-
Appellant was able to call her therapist as a witness during the DVO hearing, but

did not. She also alleges that the therapist’s records were submitted into evidence

during the divorce proceedings and do show that Appellee reported to her that

Appellant had been physically abusive.

             After reviewing the arguments of the parties, the record, and the

relevant case law, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

denying Appellant’s CR 60.02 motion. First, we must note that very little of the

record from the divorce proceedings is contained in the record before this Court.

“It is incumbent upon Appellant to present the Court with a complete record for

review. When the record is incomplete, this Court must assume that the

omitted record supports the trial court.” Chestnut v. Commonwealth, 250 S.W.3d

288, 303 (Ky. 2008) (citations omitted). With this in mind, we will now analyze

Appellant’s argument.

             The trial court held that Appellant has not uncovered new evidence or

perjured testimony. The trial court believed all that was proven was that there was

conflicting evidence presented by the parties. The court also held that it still

believed there was sufficient evidence to enter the DVO, despite Appellant’s new

evidence. Finally, the court also held that there has been no finding that Appellee

perjured herself during the DVO hearing or offered false evidence.

                                          -8-
             We agree with the trial court. At the outset we believe that

Appellant’s CR 59.05 motion resolved most of the issues he raises here. The trial

court disallowed the hearsay statements of the children, but still found enough

evidence to enter the DVO. The CR 59.05 motion eliminated most of the issues

surrounding the cutting and vomiting incidents.

             In addition, we believe that some of this alleged new evidence could

have been discovered during the DVO hearing. For example, Appellant could

have asked additional questions during the DVO hearing about the cutting incident.

With a little more probing, the fact that the knife did not break the skin of the child

could have been revealed.

             We also believe that the date of the cutting incident is immaterial.

May 16 and May 19 were both multiple days after the child’s visit with Appellant.

Appellant made the argument during the DVO hearing that the cutting incident did

not happen soon after a visit with him, but while the child was in the care and

custody of Appellee.

             In addition, whether the child vomited while talking about his fear of

Appellant or generally talking about the divorce is conflicting evidence, not

necessarily perjury. The same goes for whether Appellant had been physically

violent in the past. Appellant claims he had not been, but Appellee claims he had.

                 The Court of Appeals . . . [is] entitled to set aside the
             trial court’s findings only if those findings are clearly

                                          -9-
            erroneous. And, the dispositive question that we must
            answer, therefore, is whether the trial court’s findings of
            fact are clearly erroneous, i.e., whether or not those
            findings are supported by substantial evidence.
            “[S]ubstantial evidence” is “[e]vidence that a reasonable
            mind would accept as adequate to support a conclusion”
            and evidence that, when “taken alone or in the light of all
            the evidence, . . . has sufficient probative value to induce
            conviction in the minds of reasonable men.” Regardless
            of conflicting evidence, the weight of the evidence, or the
            fact that the reviewing court would have reached a
            contrary finding, “due regard shall be given to the
            opportunity of the trial court to judge the credibility of
            the witnesses” because judging the credibility of
            witnesses and weighing evidence are tasks within the
            exclusive province of the trial court. Thus, “[m]ere doubt
            as to the correctness of [a] finding [will] not justify [its]
            reversal,” and appellate courts should not disturb trial
            court findings that are supported by substantial evidence.

Moore v. Asente, 110 S.W.3d 336, 353-54 (Ky. 2003) (footnotes and citations

omitted). Here, the same trial judge presided over the DVO hearing, the divorce

proceedings, and the CR 60.02 motion. She was in the best position to judge the

credibility of the witnesses and determine if Appellee perjured herself. The court

did not believe such was the case and we will defer to her judgment.

                                 CONCLUSION

      Based on the foregoing, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

            ALL CONCUR.

                                        -10-
BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT:     BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

Allen McKee Dodd          James L. Theiss
Louisville, Kentucky      James Daniel (“J.D.”) Theiss
                          LaGrange, Kentucky

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