Court Opinion

ID: 2728442
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:32:46.355337+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:42:51.340540
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),

                                                               FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of                          Dec 28 2012, 10:05 am
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.                        CLERK
                                                                  of the supreme court,
                                                                  court of appeals and
                                                                         tax court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                          ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES:

KRISTINA L. LYNN                                 ELDON E. STOOPS, JR.
Lynn and Stein, P.C.                             North Manchester, Indiana
Wabash, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

IN RE: THE ADOPTION OF C.H.,                     )
                                                 )
M.W.,                                            )
                                                 )
        Appellant-Respondent,                    )
                                                 )
               vs.                               )        No. 85A02-1205-AD-449
                                                 )
B.H. and V.H.,                                   )
                                                 )
        Appellees-Petitioners.                   )

                      APPEAL FROM THE WABASH CIRCUIT COURT
                        The Honorable Robert R. McCallen III, Judge
                              Cause No. 85C01-1105-AD-6

                                      December 28, 2012

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

NAJAM, Judge
                                 STATEMENT OF THE CASE

        M.W. (“Mother”) appeals the trial court’s post-hearing order concluding that

Mother’s consent to the adoption of her child, C.H., is not required under Indiana Code

Section 31-19-9-8. Mother presents a single issue for review, namely, whether the

evidence is sufficient to support the trial court’s determination.

        We affirm.

                          FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        Mother gave birth to C.H. on October 21, 2008. Mother was not married to C.H.’s

putative father, who died a few months before C.H. was born. B.H. and V.H. (“the

Grandparents”) are the putative father’s parents.

        Mother, her boyfriend, and C.H. lived with the Grandparents on at least one

occasion in C.H.’s first year. In March 2010, C.H. was placed with the Grandparents in a

Child in Need of Services (“CHINS”) proceeding, and Mother was ordered to pay

twenty-five dollars weekly child support. Mother never paid support as ordered, either

through the court or directly to the Grandparents.                 Mother initially had supervised

visitation with C.H., which was eventually changed to unsupervised visitation in June

2011. Visitation ended in August when Mother turned herself in on an arrest warrant for

conversion.

        On May 20, 2011, the Grandparents filed a verified petition to adopt C.H. and a

request that the court waive Mother’s consent under Indiana Code Section 31-19-9-8.1

On February 22, 2012, the court held a hearing on the request to waive parental consent.

        1
           Mother has not included a copy of the adoption petition or the request to waive parental consent
in the record on appeal.
                                                    2
And on March 6, the court entered its order, concluding that Mother’s consent to C.H.’s

adoption was not required (“Order”). The Order provides, in relevant part:

      [The Grandparents] have proven by clear, cogent and indubitable evidence
      that the Natural Mother’s consent is not required under I.C. [§] 31-19-9-
      8(2)(B).

      The Court does not believe that the Natural Mother was not aware that she
      was ordered to pay child support in a related CHINS and paternity
      proceeding. The Court takes judicial notice of 85C01-1002-JC-2 and
      85C01-1001-JP-2.

      The Natural Mother is claiming she is disabled and seeking [S]ocial
      [S]ecurity. She has been denied but testified she has hired an attorney to
      further pursue her claim. Significantly, her own Exhibit A reflects on page
      2 that she has self-employment income of $200.00 per moth for house
      cleaning from January 2010, continuing (to at least 12/7/10). Mom is
      apparently able to perform some physical labor. She testified she has not
      otherwise sought employment because she was advised not to while she
      pursues disability.

      The Natural Mother has paid zero support. She has made token efforts to
      otherwise offer support by supplying diapers on one occasion and leftover
      food following supervised visitation.

      When the Natural Mother needs money, she has been able to find it. She
      needed bus fare to attend a funeral, and she found it. She need [sic] to pay
      fees towards a conversion charge in Huntington, she found it. Natural
      Mother has no incentive to seek any employment since her needs were
      being met by public assistance and others. The Court recognizes Natural
      Mother may not have been able to pay the ordered, but modest sum of
      $25.00 per week, however, she could and should have paid something.
      Instead, and inaccurately, she claims the disability benefits she procured on
      behalf of the child as a result of his father’s death, a death benefit which
      was transferred to the [Grandparents] when they received custody, should
      be credited to her.

      Further, other than her self-serving testimony as to her specific disability
      she presented no evidence that she is, in any way, disabled.

      Accordingly, the adoption may proceed without the Natural Mother’s
      consent.

                                           3
Appellant’s App. at 5-6. Mother filed a motion to correct error. The trial court denied

that motion and determined that the Order is a final appealable judgment.2 Mother now

appeals.

                                    DISCUSSION AND DECISION

          Mother contends that the trial court erred when it concluded that her consent to the

adoption of C.H. is not required pursuant to Indiana Code Section 31-19-9-8. When

reviewing the trial court’s ruling in an adoption proceeding, we will not disturb that

ruling unless the evidence leads to but one conclusion, and the trial court reached the

opposite conclusion. In re Adoption of M.A.S., 815 N.E.2d 216, 218 (Ind. Ct. App.

2004). We will not reweigh the evidence, but instead will examine the evidence most

favorable to the trial court’s decision together with reasonable inferences drawn

therefrom, to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to sustain the decision. Id.

The decision of the trial court is presumed to be correct, and it is the appellant’s burden to

overcome that presumption. Id.

          The most protected status in any adoption proceeding is that of the natural parent.

Stout v. Tippecanoe Co. Dep’t of Public Welfare, 182 Ind. App. 404, 395 N.E.2d 444,

449 (Ind. Ct. App. 1979). Recognizing the fundamental importance of the parent-child

relationship, our courts have strictly construed the statute to preserve that relationship.

Id. However, even the status of natural parent, though a material consideration, is not

one which will void all others, and under carefully enumerated circumstances, the statute

allows the trial court to dispense with parental consent and allow adoption of the child.

          2
              Mother did not include a copy of the order denying her motion to correct error in the record on
appeal.
                                                       4
       Indiana Code Section 31-19-11-1 provides that the trial court “shall grant the

petition for adoption and enter an adoption decree” if the trial court hears evidence and

finds, in part, that “the adoption requested is in the best interest of the child” and “proper

consent, if consent is necessary, to the adoption has been given.” According to Indiana

Code Section 31-19-9-8(a):

       Consent to adoption, which may be required under section 1 of this chapter,
       is not required from any of the following:

                                                 ***

       (2) A parent of a child in the custody of another person if for a period of at
       least one (1) year the parent:

                                                 ***

       (B) knowingly fails to provide for the care and support of the child when
       able to do so as required by law or judicial decree.

Thus, the Grandparents were required to prove by clear and convincing evidence that

Mother’s consent was not required.3 See In re Adoption of T.W., 859 N.E.2d 1215, 1217

(Ind. Ct. App. 2006).

       Mother contends that the Grandparents did not prove by clear and convincing

evidence that her consent was not required for failing to pay child support. Specifically,

she argues that the Grandparents did not prove that she knowingly failed to provide for

the care and support of C.H. when able to do so. But the evidence shows that Mother has

been unemployed since before C.H. was born and has not attempted to find regular

       3
           The Grandparents argue, and we agree, that the trial court applied an incorrect burden in the
Order when it concluded that the Grandparents had proved by “clear, cogent and indubitable evidence”
that Mother’s consent to the adoption is not required. Appellant’s App. at 5. But because that burden is
even higher than the correct clear and cogent evidence burden, see In re Adoption of T.W., 859 N.E.2d at
1217, the error is harmless.
                                                   5
employment because she was applying for disability.           But in her 2010 disability

application, she stated that she was disabled but was self-employed helping a friend clean

a house from January through at least December 7, 2010. She was paid $200 per month

for that, which she used to pay her rent. Further, the trial court found that, “[w]hen [she]

needs money, she has been able to find it.” Appellant’s App. at 6. For instance, she

brought toys, diapers, and food items to C.H. during visitations, and she obtained bus fare

to go to a funeral in Ohio and to eventually return to Indiana. The trial court determined

that she could have paid some amount, even if not the full twenty-five dollars weekly, for

child support but failed to do so.

       Still, Mother maintains that the Grandparents did not meet their burden under

Indiana Code Section 31-19-9-8(a). In support, she cites case law showing that the

ability to buy personal items such as cigarettes and gas is insufficient to show an ability

to pay twenty dollars weekly child support. See In re Adoption of H., 439 N.E.2d 1376,

1377 (Ind. Ct. App. 1982). She also cites Snyder v. Shelby County Department of Public

Welfare, where the court held that a mother’s gifts to her children did not show a willful

failure to pay child support because those gifts were in anticipation of the children’s

return to her home. 418 N.E.2d 1171, 1181 (Ind. Ct. App. 1981). Similarly, Mother’s

failure to pay was due partly to her period of incarceration and term of unemployment.

Id. at 1182. Finally, Mother cites In re Adoption of N.W., where the court held that proof

of employment and income are not the only components in determining a parent’s ability

to pay child support. 933 N.E.2d 909, 913 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans. denied.

                                             6
       While each of the cases Mother cites involves one or more factual elements

similar to the present facts, we must consider the totality of the circumstances when

determining her ability to pay support. See In re Adoption of K.F., 935 N.E.2d 282, 288

(Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans. denied. And we note initially that here, the trial court clearly

found Mother not credible. Mother initially testified at the hearing that she was unaware

that she was supposed to pay support or that her ability to pay support would be an issue

at the hearing, but she later conceded both points. She testified about a tumor on her

spine, tingling in her legs, and back pain, but did not bring medical records or other

documentation to support her contention that she is in any way disabled. Moreover, she

testified that when she is with C.H. she feels no pain. And she does not explain how,

with her condition, she was able to work cleaning a house in 2010 for $200 per month,

the exact amount of her rent.

       The trial court found that Mother is able to perform some physical labor but is

making no attempt to work because her “needs were being met by public assistance and

others.” Appellant’s App. at 6. And despite Mother’s self-described disability and

medical issues, she had walked to the courthouse for the trial wearing high heels, shoes

she later conceded that the doctor would “absolutely not” recommend that she wear.

Transcript at 45. The trial court found that Mother could have provided some support,

even if not the full twenty-five dollars per week, but did not. As a result, the court

concluded that Mother had knowingly failed to provide support when able to do so.

While we may not have reached the same conclusion at the trial level, we cannot say that

the evidence leads to the opposite conclusion. See In re M.A.S., 815 N.E.2d at 218.

                                             7
Mother has not shown that the evidence is insufficient to support the trial court’s

conclusion that her consent to the adoption is not required under Indiana Code Section

31-19-9-8(a)(2)(B).

      Affirmed.

FRIEDLANDER, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.

                                          8