Court Opinion

ID: 9928329
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-01-31 16:05:14.399446+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:45:00.523074
License: Public Domain

Third District Court of Appeal
                               State of Florida

                       Opinion filed January 31, 2024.
       Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                            ________________

                             No. 3D23-0798
                       Lower Tribunal No. 21-21885
                          ________________

                              Sarah Lazow,
                                  Appellant,

                                     vs.

                       Amber B. Glasper, P.A.,
                                  Appellee.

     An Appeal from a non-final order from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade
County, Valerie R. Manno Schurr, Judge.

     Michel O. Weisz, P.A., and Michel O. Weisz, for appellant.

     Roniel Rodriguez IV, P.A., and Roniel Rodriguez, IV, for appellee.

Before LOGUE, C.J., and LOBREE and BOKOR, JJ.

     BOKOR, J.
      Sarah Lazow appeals from the trial court’s denial of her motion to set

aside a default final judgment. On appeal, Lazow argues the trial court

lacked subject-matter jurisdiction because the amount in controversy failed

to meet the over-$30,000 jurisdictional threshold for circuit court.        As

explained below, we agree with Lazow that the circuit court lacked subject-

matter jurisdiction over the matter, rendering the default final judgment void.

                               BACKGROUND

      On August 21, 2021, Lazow executed a retainer agreement with a law

firm, Amber B. Glasper, P.A. Pursuant to the agreement, Lazow retained the

law firm to represent her in several domestic violence cases and agreed to

pay an initial retainer fee of $20,000.       Over a month later, alleging

nonpayment, the law firm filed suit for breach of contract in circuit court,

attaching the retainer agreement. The relevant portions of the complaint

allege that:

      1. This is an action for damages that exceeds thirty thousand
      dollars ($30,000.00).

               ....

      10. It is undisputed that Plaintiff and Defendant entered into a
      written contract, the Retainer Agreement (“contract”), wherein
      Defendant agreed to pay the initial retainer fee of $20,000.00 and
      Plaintiff agreed to represent Defendant in her Domestic Violence
      Cases (Case No.: 2021-016287; 2021-004135; 2021-015669).

               ....

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      12. To date, Defendant has failed to pay the initial retainer fee of
      $20,000.00, as she is obligated to under the contract.

            ....

      WHEREFORE, Plaintiff respectfully requests that this Court
      enter judgment against Defendant for breach of the contract, that
      Defendant provide payment to Plaintiff for the initial retainer fee,
      and grant such further relief as this Court deems just and proper.

      After Lazow failed to respond to the complaint, the law firm moved for

default, which was granted, and for entry of default judgment, which the trial

court granted on July 5, 2022, awarding the requested $20,000.00 in

liquidated damages, plus $2.99 in pre-judgment interest. On December 23,

2022, Lazow filed a motion to set aside a void judgment, arguing that the trial

court’s lack of subject-matter jurisdiction rendered the judgment void, and

the action should be dismissed, or transferred to county court, for lack of

subject-matter jurisdiction.

                                  ANALYSIS

      A circuit court possesses subject-matter jurisdiction over an action at

law, filed on or after January 1, 2020, where the amount in controversy,

exclusive of interest, costs, and attorney fees, exceeds $30,000.              §

26.012(2)(a), Fla. Stat.; § 34.01(1)(c)2., Fla. Stat. Generally, “[t]he pleading

threshold to invoke the subject matter jurisdiction of the circuit court . . . is

merely that the amount claimed must be made ‘in good faith.’” See Foley v.

                                       3
Wilson, 126 So. 3d 340, 341 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013) (citation omitted). However,

“the jurisdictional minimum is not sufficient [to confer jurisdiction] where on

the face of the allegation . . . it appears that the required minimum amount

is actually not involved, or that the facts alleged cannot furnish any legal

basis for the claim raised.” Sullivan v. Nova Univ., 613 So. 2d 597, 599 (Fla.

5th DCA 1993) (alteration in original) (citation omitted); see Grunewald v.

Warren, 655 So. 2d 1227, 1229 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995) (“To decide whether

appellants have stated a cause of action for damages in excess of the circuit

court’s jurisdictional threshold . . . the allegations of the . . . complaint are

properly looked to.”).1

      Here, the complaint begins with the boilerplate, conclusory paragraph

that the amount in controversy exceeds $30,000. However, that conclusory

allegation conflicts with the more specific allegations in the complaint, which

demonstrate that the law firm sought an amount less than the over-$30,000

jurisdictional threshold. The complaint reveals that the law firm sued for

breach of contract based on Lazow’s purported failure to pay the $20,000.00

retainer fee.2 For instance, the complaint alleges that Lazow promised to

1
  “As a trial court's ruling on whether a judgment is void presents a question
of law, an appellate court reviews the trial court's ruling de novo.” Nationstar
Mortg., LLC v. Diaz, 227 So. 3d 726, 729 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017).
2
  Lazow also filed an affidavit in support of her motion to set aside void
judgment, attesting that the law firm sent her one invoice demanding

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pay $20,000.00 as an initial retainer, and that despite the work of the law

firm, Lazow had “not paid the initial retainer of $20,000.00 and has breached

the Retainer Agreement.” See Rappa v. Island Club W. Dev., Inc., 890 So.

2d 477, 479 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004) (“[T]he bare allegation of an amount in

controversy exceeding $15,000 is insufficient to confer jurisdiction upon the

circuit court because the facts alleged in the complaint demonstrate an

amount that is substantially less than $15,000.”).

      Because there is no good faith basis supporting the law firm’s

allegation that the amount in controversy exceeded $30,000, and because

payment. The invoice reflected a total of 54.80 hours worked and an
outstanding balance of $22,455.00. Although the law firm contends that an
invoice exists for over $30,000 of legal services, the date of the invoice
postdates the filing of the lawsuit. There’s no competent evidence from
which the trial court could have concluded that this invoice was presented to
Lazow prior to the filing of the lawsuit. In fact, the invoice contains a due
date of March 31, 2023, while the lawsuit was filed on September 24, 2021.
Based on the record before us, no competent evidence supports a good faith
basis that, at the time the lawsuit was filed, an amount over $30,000,
exclusive of costs, fees, or interest, was at issue. “Where the court's
jurisdiction is based on the amount in controversy, the test to determine the
jurisdiction of the court is the amount in good faith claimed or put in
controversy when the action is commenced.” Fedan Corp. v. Reina, 695 So.
2d 1282, 1282 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997) (emphasis added) (internal quotations
and citation omitted); see Plutt v. Ross, 230 So. 3d 883, 885 (Fla. 4th DCA
2017) (“[J]urisdiction is properly invoked by filing the complaint . . . .”); see
also Metro. Drywall Sys., Inc. v. Dudley, 472 So. 2d 1345, 1346 (Fla. 2d DCA
1985) (“In determining whether the trial court's jurisdiction was properly
invoked, the controlling standard is the amount claimed and in good faith
placed in controversy, not the recoverable amount.”).

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the facts alleged in the complaint demonstrate a claimed amount of less than

$30,000, the circuit court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over the matter.

Accordingly, we vacate the default final judgment and remand this matter to

the trial court for further proceedings, which may include dismissal without

prejudice or transfer to county court, as appropriate.

      Default final judgment vacated; reversed and remanded, with

instructions.

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