Court Opinion

ID: 7801651
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-18 15:05:28.361551+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:29:19.630745
License: Public Domain

Supreme Court of Kentucky
                                2022-SC-0326-I
                               2022-SC-0329-TG

EMW WOMEN’S SURGICAL CENTER,                                         MOVANTS
P.S.C., ON BEHALF OF ITSELF, ITS
STAFF, AND ITS PATIENTS; ERNEST
MARSHALL, M.D., ON BEHALF OF
HIMSELF AND HIS PATIENTS;
PLANNED PARENTHOOD GREAT
NORTHWEST, HAWAI’I, ALASKA,
INDIANA, AND KENTUCKY, INC., ON
BEHALF OF ITSELF, ITS STAFF, AND
ITS PATIENTS

                  ON MOTION FOR INTERLOCUTORY RELIEF
                     ARISING FROM COURT OF APPEALS
                   HONORABLE LARRY THOMPSON, JUDGE
                            NO. 2022-CA-0906-I
V.
                                     &
                 ARISING FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT
                   HONORABLE MITCHELL PERRY, JUDGE
                              NO. 22-CI-03225

DANIEL CAMERON, IN HIS OFFICIAL                                  RESPONDENT
CAPACITY AS ATTORNEY GENERAL OF
THE COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY

                            OPINION AND ORDER

      This matter is before the Court on the motion of EMW Women’s Surgical

Center, P.S.C.; Ernest Marshall, M.D.; and Planned Parenthood Great

Northwest, Hawai’i, Alaska, Indiana, and Kentucky, Inc., (collectively “Movants”)

for emergency interlocutory relief under Kentucky Rule of Civil Procedure (CR)

65.09(3).
      Movants filed this motion after a Kentucky Court of Appeals’ judge

granted Attorney General Daniel Cameron’s CR 65.07 motion for emergency

relief on August 1, 2022. The grant of emergency relief in favor of the Attorney

General dissolved—or ended—a temporary injunction entered by the Jefferson

Circuit Court that prevented him from enforcing Kentucky Revised Statute

(KRS) 311.772, the Human Life Protection Act—also referred to as Kentucky’s

“Trigger Law”—and Kentucky’s Heartbeat Bill, codified in KRS 311.7701-7711.

These laws effectively outlaw abortion in the Commonwealth except in limited

instances when necessary to preserve the life of a pregnant woman. Neither law

contains an exception for victims of the crimes of rape or incest to obtain an

abortion if they become pregnant.

      Aggrieved by the Court of Appeals’ grant of emergency relief, Movants

motioned this Court for emergency relief under CR 65.09(3). Under this rule,

we have discretion to immediately review a ruling made by the Court of Appeals

under CR 65.07 when “extraordinary cause” is demonstrated.1 We hold that

the circumstances presented by the Movants in their motion do not rise to the

level of extraordinary cause. Accordingly, we decline to exercise our discretion

under CR 65.09 and, hereby, Movant’s motion for emergency interlocutory

relief is DENIED. See Cameron v. Beshear, 628 S.W.3d 61 (Ky. 2021).

      After the Movants filed their motion for emergency relief, the Court of

Appeals recommended that the matter styled as Daniel Cameron, et al. v. EMW

      1  See CR 65.09(1) (“The decision whether to review such order shall be
discretionary with the Supreme Court. Such motion will be entertained only for
extraordinary cause shown in the motion.”).

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Women’s Surgical Center, P.S.C., et al., Case No. 2022-CA-0906-I, in that court

be transferred to this Court for final disposition. The recommendation of the

Court of Appeals, made pursuant to CR 76.02(5) is accepted, and transfer of

Case No. 2022-CA-0906-I from the Court of Appeals to this Court, is hereby

GRANTED. The Clerk of the Court of Appeals of Kentucky is directed to

forthwith transfer to the Clerk of the Supreme Court all records and files in

Case No. 2022-CA-0906-I. Upon the transfer of 2022-CA-0906-I to this Court,

all further motions, briefs, and other filings shall be filed in Case No. 2022-SC-

0329-TG.

      Additional briefing and oral argument in this matter shall proceed as

follows:

      1.      Issues To Be Addressed. The transferred appeal—Case No. 2022-

SC-0329-TG—shall serve as the context for briefing. To clarify, the parties

should brief the issues raised in the Attorney General’s motion for interlocutory

relief under CR 65.07 filed in the Court of Appeals on August 2, 2022, to this

Court. In addition to the arguments already raised in that motion, the briefs

shall also address the application of KRS 311.772 and KRS 311.7701-7711 in

light of the General Assembly’s enactment of HB 3 in 2022, a bill amending

KRS 311.782 to prohibit abortions after fifteen weeks’ gestation.

      2.      Format and Due Dates of Briefs. Briefs in this matter shall be due

as follows:

      A.      All parties shall submit an initial brief by Monday, September 19,

              2022, by 4:30 p.m. Initial briefs shall not exceed 50 pages in length.

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       B.    Interested parties wishing to file amicus curiae briefs in support of

             any party shall do so no later than Tuesday, October 4, 2022.

             Motions seeking leave of this Court to file briefs as amicus curiae

             shall follow all requirements of CR 76.12(7).

       C.    All parties shall submit a response brief, not to exceed 25 pages in

             length, by Monday, October 24, 2022, by 4:30 p.m.

       3.    Oral Argument. Pursuant to CR 76.16, oral argument is scheduled

to be heard in the matter of Daniel Cameron, in his Official Capacity as Attorney

General of the Commonwealth of Kentucky v. EMW Women’s Surgical Center,

P.S.C., on Behalf of Itself, its Staff, and its Patients, et al., Case No. 2022-SC-

0329-TG, Tuesday, November 15, 2022, at 10:00 a.m., prevailing Frankfort time,

in the Supreme Court courtroom. Thirty minutes will be allotted each side for

argument.

        All sitting. Conley, Lambert, and VanMeter, JJ., concur. Keller, J.,

concurs in result only by separate opinion in which Nickell, J., joins. Minton,

C.J., concurs in part and dissents in part by separate opinion in which Hughes,

J., joins.

       ENTERED: August 18, 2022.

                                            ______________________________________
                                            CHIEF JUSTICE

                                        4
      KELLER, J., concurring in result only by separate opinion in which

Nickell, J., joins.

      Members of the judiciary, and in fact all human beings, are often called

upon to weigh competing interests. Rarely, however, are we tasked with

weighing interests that are as heavy and as important as those at stake in the

case at bar. The interests on both sides of this debate are compelling and bear

on the health and welfare of all Kentuckians.

      Because of the importance of these issues, it is vital that this Court, as

the highest in the Commonwealth, expediently undertake a full and impartial

review of the matter. Said review, however, should only be done after both sides

have an opportunity to fully brief and orally argue the merits of their positions

to this Court. In order to accelerate this review, we reluctantly concur with the

result reached by the plurality of this Court.

      However, we share many of the concerns expressed in the dissent in part

regarding the Court of Appeals’ exercise of its discretion in granting emergency

relief to the Attorney General. The Court of Appeals not only failed to give

appropriate deference to the trial court but also failed to undertake a thorough

analysis that is required in a case of this magnitude, failing even to set forth the

appropriate standard of review. That being said, remanding this matter to the

Court of Appeals to engage in a proper analysis would only further delay the

final resolution of these compelling issues. Recognizing that matters of life,

death, and health are at stake, time is of the essence.

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        Finally, we note that prior to the oral arguments in this case, the citizens

of this Commonwealth will have an opportunity to embrace or reject an

amendment to our Constitution bearing directly on many of the issues in the

underlying circuit court action. We look forward to that expression of the will of

the Commonwealth.

        Until then, and until this Court has had an opportunity to review a

complete record, including briefing and oral arguments, we concur in result

only with the plurality of this Court.

        Nickell, J., joins.

        MINTON, C.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part by separate

opinion in which Hughes, J., joins:

        Few modern issues have proven more significant, and more politically

contentious, than access to abortion. Individuals and groups on both sides of

the debate hold passionate and sincere convictions regarding their respective

positions. Debate regarding abortion access will continue to permeate our

political discourse for years to come. Courts in this Commonwealth and

throughout the nation will continue to define the parameters of abortion access

considering our new post-Dobbs2 paradigm, which has shifted much of the

litigation regarding abortion access to state courts.

        Courts, as neutral, dispassionate arbiters of the law, constitute a final

check on the vicissitudes of political fervor. We are frequently faced with the

   2   Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, 142 S. Ct. 2228 (2022).

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difficult and unenviable task of saying what the law is, not what we think it

should say based upon personal views or political expediency.

        Today, as the court of last resort in this Commonwealth, we are called

upon to review Movants’ motion for emergency relief under CR 65.09(3). We

acknowledge the magnitude of our decision with awareness that regardless of

the decision we render many citizens of this Commonwealth, who hold sincere

and passionate beliefs, will be deeply disappointed. While our civil rules may

be highly technical and confusing, especially for non-lawyers, the practical

effect of our decision today is not complicated. In being called upon to rule on

this motion for emergency relief, this Court is essentially determining whether

access to abortion will exist in the Commonwealth during the pendency of the

above-captioned litigation. Put simply, if we grant Movants’ motion for

emergency relief, some access to abortion will be legal in Kentucky until this

litigation is concluded or there is an intervening change in law. Alternatively, if

we deny Movants’ motion for emergency relief, most abortion access will remain

illegal in Kentucky until this litigation is concluded or there is an intervening

change in law.

        In reviewing this motion for emergency interlocutory relief, we first look

to the Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure (“CR”). CR 65.09(3) allows this Court

to review an order of a judge on the Court of Appeals granting or denying

emergency relief in the same manner prescribed in CR 65.09(1).3 CR 65.09(1)

explains that any party adversely affected by an order of the Court of Appeals

   3   CR 65.09(3).

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under CR 65.07 or CR 65.08 (rules dealing with interlocutory relief pending

final judgment) may move the Supreme Court to vacate or modify an order

granting interlocutory relief.4 The decision whether to review interlocutory

rulings made by lowers courts is within the discretion of the Supreme Court.5

A motion for interlocutory review under CR 65.09(1) will only be entertained for

extraordinary cause shown.6

       Based on the plain text of the civil rules, we begin our legal analysis by

considering whether the Movants have demonstrated extraordinary cause

warranting interlocutory review in this Court. Our civil rules do not define

“extraordinary cause.” “Demonstrating extraordinary cause is not an easy

task—in fact we have recognized that the movant faces an enormous burden

when requesting relief pursuant to CR 65.09.”7 Still, an abuse of discretion by

a lower court can constitute extraordinary cause.8

       Extraordinary cause justifying emergency interlocutory review by this

Court has been demonstrated here for two reasons. First, Movants’ allegations

of abuse of discretion by the Court of Appeals provides extraordinary cause

warranting interlocutory review. Second, the issues raised in Movants’ motion

for emergency relief are of such significant statewide importance as to satisfy

the standard for extraordinary cause.

   4  CR 65.09(1).
   5  Id.
    6 Id.
    7 Chesley v. Abbott, 503 S.W.3d 148, 152 (Ky. 2016) (internal quotation and

citations omitted).
    8 See id.; see also Nat’l Collegiate Athletic Ass’n v. Lasege, 53 S.W.3d 77, 84 (Ky.

2001).

                                             8
      This Court has consistently found that an abuse of discretion by a lower

court can supply extraordinary cause justifying interlocutory review. And this

case is no exception. In their motion for emergency relief, Movants contend

that the Court of Appeals abused its discretion in issuing a stay of the circuit

court’s temporary injunction. This allegation clearly provides extraordinary

cause invoking emergency interlocutory review by this Court under CR

65.09(3).

      Moreover, the legal issues raised in this action are of significant

statewide importance and provide extraordinary cause warranting emergency

review by this Court.9 We do not review this case in a vacuum. This Court

cannot turn a blind eye to the fact that this case involves one of the most

contentious policy and political issues of our time. And the fact that the

parties agree on transfer to this Court is an acknowledgement of what is at

stake in this litigation. This case raises serious and important issues involving

access to abortion and Movants make a compelling argument that women may

suffer irreparable and permanent harm absent emergency relief from this

Court. And the Attorney General also advances serious allegations of

irreparable harm, alleging that any abortions performed during the pendency of

this litigation cannot be reversed. Questions of such magnitude, involving

    9 See Rogers v. Lexington-Fayette Urban Cnty. Gov’t, 175 S.W.3d 569, 570 (Ky.

2005) (concluding that voting is a sufficiently serious and important matter as to
satisfy the extraordinary cause requirement justifying interlocutory review under CR
65.09).

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serious allegations of irreparable harm on both sides, beg for this Court’s final

resolution.

        Failure to find extraordinary cause justifying interlocutory review under

the circumstances presented here would constitute this Court dodging its

responsibility to settle legal issues of great legal importance facing the

Commonwealth. It is difficult to comprehend a more important or serious legal

issue than legal access to abortion in the Commonwealth. Put differently, if

review of access to abortion under these circumstances does not provide

extraordinary cause warranting emergency interlocutory review by this court,

what issue would constitute extraordinary cause?

        Having concluded that extraordinary cause exists warranting emergency

interlocutory review by this Court, we must consider whether the Court of

Appeals abused its discretion in granting emergency relief. “The test

for abuse of discretion is whether the [ ] judge's decision was arbitrary,

unreasonable, unfair, or unsupported by sound legal principles.”10

        Temporary injunctive relief should only be granted where: “(1) [ ] the

movant's position presents ‘a substantial question’ on the underlying merits of

the case, i.e. that there is a substantial possibility that the movant will

ultimately prevail, (2) that the movant's remedy will be irreparably impaired

absent the extraordinary relief, and (3) that an injunction will not be

inequitable, i.e. will not unduly harm other parties or disserve the public.”11

   10 Commonwealth v. English, 993 S.W.2d 941, 945 (Ky. 1999).
   11 Pollitt v. Public Serv. Comm’n, 552 S.W.3d 70, 73 (Ky. 2018)(quoting Price v.
Paintsville Tourism Comm’n, 261 S.W.3d 482, 484 (Ky. 2008); see also CR 65.04(1).

                                          10
“Because the elements of CR 65.04 must often be tempered by the equities of

the particular situation, injunctive relief is basically addressed to the sound

discretion of the circuit court.”12

        Here, the Court of Appeals abused its discretion by failing to show any

deference to the findings made by the circuit court in setting aside the order

granting a temporary injunction. In the Court of Appeals’ six-page order

granting emergency relief from the temporary injunction, the court failed to

engage in any analysis regarding whether the circuit court abused its

discretion in entering a temporary injunction. Instead, the Court of Appeals

engaged in its own de novo review of the merits of the circuit court’s grant of

injunctive relief. Failure to show deference to the factual and equitable

conclusions of the circuit court constitutes abuse of discretion by the Court of

Appeals because failure to apply the appropriate standard of appellate review is

unreasonable and unsupported by sound legal principles.

        Kentucky law requires appellate courts to show appropriate deference to

the equitable determinations of trial courts when considering a motion for

injunctive relief. And for good reason. Trial courts are best positioned to hear

testimony and review evidence in making highly factual equitable

determinations. This case provides a perfect example. Here, the trial court

presided over an evidentiary hearing and was best positioned to determine

   12Boone Creek Props., LLC v. Lexington-Fayette Urban Cnty. Bd. of Adjustment, 442
S.W.3d 36, 38 (Ky. 2014) (citations omitted); see also Lasege, 53 S.W.3d at 84;
Bartman v. Shobe, 353 S.W.2d 550, 554–55 (Ky. 1962); Maupin v. Stansbury, 575
S.W.2d 695, 697–98 (Ky. App. 1978) (holding that “injunctive relief is basically
addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court” and “[u]nless a trial court has
abused that discretion, this [c]ourt has no power to set aside the order below”).

                                         11
whether injunctive relief was warranted in this matter. The Court of Appeals

abused its discretion by engaging in de novo review and making its own legal

conclusions without citing to any of the factual findings from the evidentiary

hearing or deferring to any of the trial court’s factual conclusions. As a result,

the Court of Appeals erred in staying the circuit court’s temporary injunction.

This Court should correct that legal error by reversing the Court of Appeals’

order and reinstating the circuit court’s temporary injunction until such time

as this Court can fully and finally address the issues raised by both sides in

this litigation or those issues become moot by virtue of an intervening change

in the law.

      As a result, we must respectfully dissent. We would find that

extraordinary cause exists warranting this Court’s review of Movants’ motion

for emergency interlocutory relief. We would also grant Movants’ motion for

emergency interlocutory relief because the Court of Appeals abused its

discretion by failing to give appropriate deference to the circuit court’s factual

and equitable conclusions. The temporary injunction entered by the Jefferson

Circuit Court should remain in place pending final resolution of this litigation

or an intervening change in law.

      We concur in the portion of the Order granting transfer of this matter to

this Court under CR 76.02(5).

      Hughes, J., joins.

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