Court Opinion

ID: 2863992
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-05 23:56:05.58812+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:35:22.185536
License: Public Domain

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-00-00570-CR

Jimmy Wayne Parra, Jr., Appellant

v.

The State of Texas, Appellee

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TOM GREEN COUNTY, 119TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. B-99-0234-S, HONORABLE BEN WOODWARD, JUDGE PRESIDING

A jury found appellant Jimmy Wayne Parra, Jr., guilty of indecency with a child by
contact.  See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 21.11(a)(1) (West Supp. 2001).  The district court assessed
punishment at imprisonment for thirteen years.  In his only point of error, appellant contends the
court erred by overruling his motion for mistrial on the ground that a juror withheld material
information during voir dire.  We will affirm.

During voir dire, the prosecutor recited the names of the complainant and other
possible witnesses and asked the panelists if they knew any of them.  Five panelists indicated that
they were acquainted with one or more of the police officers involved in this case.  Each panelist
assured the prosecutor, and later defense counsel, that this would not affect him or her if selected for
the jury.  One of the five panelists was later excused for cause because she had been sexually abused
as a child.  The other four panelists did not serve on the jury, but it is not shown by the record
whether they were peremptorily challenged or simply outside the "strike zone."
The only witnesses called by the State at the guilt stage of trial were the complainant
and her grandmother.  After the grandmother completed her testimony, one of the jurors informed
the court that she had recognized the witness and "I am going to recognize the little girl
[complainant]."  In response to questions by defense counsel, the juror explained that she worked
as a volunteer at Hope House as part of a class assignment and had seen the two witnesses at "court
school." (1)  They had been among thirty or so persons present at the school.  The juror knew that
persons attending the school "were taught how to go to court" but she "never knew what their
situation was."  She apparently had no personal contact with either the complainant or her
grandmother.  The juror was confident that she could be fair and impartial, and could base her
verdict on the evidence.
Appellant's counsel objected to the juror remaining on the jury.  He argued,
"[D]espite her assurances to us . . . she's human and sympathetic and apparently a very nice person. 
I would submit to the Court that that is going to impact her - her decision. . . .  I feel, Your Honor,
that she cannot help but have her decision based on some sympathy because of the place that she
volunteered . . . . [B]ecause of the fact that she knew the alleged victim . . . was there in order to take
a Court class to prepare her to testify in some adverse proceeding, would more than likely affect her
- her decision."  The court overruled the objection and appellant's subsequent motion for mistrial.
When a juror withholds material information during the voir dire process, the parties
are denied the opportunity to exercise their challenges, thus hampering their selection of a
disinterested and impartial jury.  Salazar v. State, 562 S.W.2d 480, 482 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978). 
Information is withheld, however, only if counsel asks questions calculated to bring out that
information.  Jones v. State, 596 S.W.2d 134, 137 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980).  In this case, the panelists
were asked only if they knew the complainant and her grandmother by name.  The juror in question
truthfully did not respond because she did not know their names.  The panelists were not asked any
questions calculated to reveal their volunteer activities or any connection they might have to victim's
services organizations.  Neither the juror's volunteer work at Hope House nor her having seen the
witnesses at the court school were withheld during voir dire under the circumstances shown.
The juror's knowledge that the complainant and her grandmother attended the court
school told her only that the complainant was the alleged victim of a crime.  This was a fact apparent
to every member of the jury panel.  The complainant and her grandmother were among many
attending the court school.  The juror did not speak to them at the court school, was not given any
information regarding their case, and did not even learn their names.  There was no showing that this
encounter had any potential for prejudice or bias on the juror's part.  See Decker v. State, 717 S.W.2d
903, 907 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986) (op. on reh'g) (after trial began, juror realized he and complainant
were co-workers; no showing of any friendship; information not material).  Even if it could be said
that the juror's recognition of the witnesses was withheld during voir dire, the district court's actions
were not shown to have deprived appellant of an impartial jury or a fair trial.  Id. at 908.
The two opinions cited by appellant are distinguishable.  In Von January v. State, 576
S.W.2d 43, 45 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978), the panelist who became jury foreman deliberately failed to
disclose during voir dire that he knew the crime victim and his family.  Appellant does not contend
that the juror in our case consciously or intentionally withheld pertinent information.  In Franklin
v. State, 12 S.W.3d 473, 476 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000), a juror realized after testimony began that she
knew the complaining witness.  But the trial court in Franklin did not permit defense counsel to
question the juror concerning her relationship with the victim.  Id. at 478.  It was the denial of the
opportunity to question the juror regarding the extent of possible prejudice that was deemed error
by the court of criminal appeals.  Id. at 478-79.  In our case, appellant was given a full and fair
opportunity to question the juror to learn if she might be partial to the State.
We overrule the point of error and affirm the judgment of conviction.

				__________________________________________
				Marilyn Aboussie, Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Aboussie, Justices Yeakel and Patterson
Affirmed
Filed:   June 7, 2001
Do Not Publish
1.        The prosecutor stated that "court school" is "a very, very informal event which I conduct up
on the third floor.  There are numerous other kids there.  We let them see what a jury box looks like,
what the witness chair feels like to sit in.  We ask them their name and where they go to school and
what grade they are in.  And they take turns doing that.  It's very, very informal.  Nothing about their
case is discussed."

ry nice person. 
I would submit to the Court that that is going to impact her - her decision. . . .  I feel, Your Honor,
that she cannot help but have her decision based on some sympathy because of the place that she
volunteered . . . . [B]ecause of the fact that she knew the alleged victim . . . was there in order to take
a Court class to prepare her to testify in some adverse proceeding, would more than likely affect her
- her decision."  The court overruled the objection and appellant's subsequent motion for mistrial.
When a juror withholds material information during the voir dire process, the parties
are denied the opportunity to exercise their challenges, thus hampering their selection of a
disinterested and impartial jury.  Salazar v. State, 562 S.W.2d 480, 482 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978). 
Information is withheld, however, only if counsel asks questions calculated to bring out that
information.  Jones v. State, 596 S.W.2d 134, 137 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980).  In this case, the panelists
were asked only if they knew the complainant and her grandmother by name.  The juror in question
truthfully did not respond because she did not know their names.  The panelists were not asked any
questions calculated to reveal their volunteer activities or any connection they might have to victim's
services organizations.  Neither the juror's volunteer work at Hope House nor her having seen the
witnesses at the court school were withheld during voir dire under the circumstances shown.
The juror's knowledge that the complainant and her grandmother attended the court
school told her only that the complainant was the alleged victim of a crime.  This was a fact apparent
to every member of the jury panel.  The complainant and her grandmother were among many
attending the court school.  The juror did not speak to them at the court school, was not given any
information regarding their case, and did not even learn their names.  There was no showing that this
encounter had any potential for prejudice or bias on the juror's part.  See Decker v. State, 717 S.W.2d
903, 907 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986) (op. on reh'g) (after trial began, juror realized he and complainant
were co-workers; no showing of any friendship; information not material).  Even if it could be said
that the juror's recognition of the witnesses was withheld during voir dire, the district court's actions
were not shown to have deprived appellant of an impartial jury or a fair trial.  Id. at 908.
The two opinions cited by appellant are distinguishable.  In Von January v. State, 576
S.W.2d 43, 45 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978), the panelist who became jury foreman deliberately failed to
disclose during voir dire that he knew the crime victim and his family.  Appellant does not contend
that the juror in our case consciously or intentionally withheld pertinent information.  In Franklin
v. State, 12 S.W.3d 473, 476 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000), a juror realized after testimony began that she
knew the complaining witness.  But the trial court in Franklin did not permit defense counsel to
question the juror concerning her relationship with the victim.  Id. at 478.  It was the denial of the
opportunity to question the juror regarding the extent of possible prejudice that was deemed error
by the court of criminal appeals.  Id. at 478-79.  In our case, appellant was given a full and fair
opportunity to question the juror to learn if she might be partial to the State.
We overrule the point of error and affirm the judgment of conviction.

				__________________________________________
				Marilyn Aboussie, Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Aboussie, Justices Yeakel and Patterson
Affirmed
Filed:   June 7, 2001
Do Not Publish
1.        The prosecutor stated that "court school" is "a very, very informal event which I conduct up
on the third floor.  There are numerous other kids there.  We let them see what a jury box looks like,
what the witness chair feels like to sit in.  We ask them their name and where they go to school and
what grade they are in.  And they take turns doing that.  It's very, very informal.  Nothing about their
case is discussed."

ry nice person. 
I would submit to the Court that that is going to impact her - her decision. . . .  I feel, Your Honor,
that she cannot help but have her decision based on some sympathy because of the place that she
volunteered . . . . [B]ecause of the fact that she knew the alleged victim . . . was there in order to take
a Court class to prepare her to testify in some adverse proceeding, would more than likely affect her
- her decision."  The court overruled the objection and appellant's subsequent motion for mistrial.
When a juror withholds material information during the voir dire process, the parties
are denied the opportunity to exercise their challenges, thus hampering their selection of a
disinterested and impartial jury.  Salazar v. State, 562 S.W.2d 480, 482 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978). 
Information is withheld, however, only if counsel asks questions calculated to bring out that
information.  Jones v. State, 596 S.W.2d 134, 137 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980).  In this case, the panelists
were asked only if they knew the complainant and her grandmother by name.  The juror in question
truthfully did not respond because she did not know their names.  The panelists were not asked any
questions calculated to reveal their volunteer activities or any connection they m