Court Opinion

ID: 9626618
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-22 08:19:47.894244+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:07:22.724705
License: Public Domain

Andree Layton Roaf, Judge. This is a workers’ compensation dginvolving e. “going-and-coming rule.” Tony Moncus was killed in an automobile accident while on his way to work for appellee Billingsley Logging. The issue on appeal is whether he was performing employment services at the time he was killed. The ALJ found that Moncus was not performing employment services, and the Commission agreed. Moncus’s representative (“Moncus”) argues on appeal that this ruling is erroneous. We affirm. Moncus worked as a log cutter for Billingsley Logging. On August 19, 2003, he was killed in a motor-vehicle accident while driving his personal truck to the site where he would be logging that day. Mitchell Billingsley, the owner of Billingsley Logging, testified that he tried to get Moncus to ride in a company truck but that Moncus insisted upon driving his personal truck to the job site because he wanted to leave the job site early for a personal errand. Billingsley told the whole logging crew to meet at a service station that was centrally located to everyone’s house around 6:30 a.m. so that he could show them where they would be logging that day. Billingsley told the crew to follow him, and the caravan left the parking lot on their way to the new logging site with everyone riding in a company truck except for Moncus. According to Billingsley, the crew only met like this before work approximately four to five times a year because, most of the time, the crew knew how to get to the logging site where they would be working for the day. Moncus was killed in a head-on motor-vehicle accident before he ever arrived at the logging site. He was driving his own pickup truck and there were no tools or equipment in his truck that belonged to Billingsley Logging. Moncus was paid according to the number of tons of wood that he cut, so he was paid nothing on the day of his death because he had not yet cut any wood. A claim was filed for workers’ compensation benefits on behalf of Moncus. The administrative law judge (ALJ) held that Moncus did not sustain a compensable fatal injury because he was not performing an employment service at the time the accident occurred. The ALJ found that the preponderance of the evidence did not prove that Moncus’s death was the result of any injury that was compensable under the Workers’ Compensation Act. The Arkansas Workers’ Compensation Commission affirmed and adopted the decision of the ALJ.  In reviewing decisions from the Workers’ Compensation Commission, we view the evidence and all reasonable inferences deducible therefrom in the light most favorable to the Commission’s findings, and we affirm if substantial evidence supports the decision. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Brown, 82 Ark. App. 600, 120 S.W.3d 153 (2003). Substantial evidence exists if reasonable minds could reach the same conclusion. Id. The issue on appeal is not whether we might have reached a different result or whether the evidence would have supported a contrary finding. Id. If reasonable minds could reach the Commission’s conclusion, we must affirm the Commission’s decision. Id. We will not reverse the Commission’s decision unless we are convinced that fair-minded persons with the same facts before them could not have reached the Commission’s conclusions. Id.  Arkansas Code Annotated section 11—9— 102(4)(A)(1) (Supp. 2003) defines compensable injury as “an accidental injury causing internal or external harm . . . arising out ofandinthe course of employment....” Employment services are performed when the employee does something that is generally required by his or her employer. Collins v. Excel Spec. Prods., 347 Ark. 811, 69 S.W.3d 14 (2002); Pifer v. Single Source Transp. 347 Ark. 851, 69 S.W.3d 1 (2002). We use the same test to determine whether an employee was performing “employment services” as - we do when determining whether an employee was acting within “the course of employment.” Collins, supra; Pifer, supra. The test is whether the injury occurred “within the time and space boundaries of employment, when the employee [was] carrying out the employer’s purpose or advancing the employer’s interests directly or indirectly.” Collins, supra; Pifer, supra.  An employee traveling to and from the workplace is generally not acting within the course of employment. Swearengin v. Evergreen Lawns, 85 Ark. App. 61, 145 S.W.3d 830 (2004). The “going-and-coming” rule ordinarily precludes recovery for an injury sustained while an employee is going to or returning from work. Id. The rationale behind this rule is that an employee is not within the course of his employment while traveling to and from his job, and all persons, including employees, are subject to the recognized hazards of travel to and from work in a vehicle. Id.; Am. Red Cross v. Hogan, 13 Ark. App. 194, 681 S.W.2d 417 (1985). There are exceptions to the going-and-coming rule: (1) where an employee is injured while in close proximity to the employer’s premises; (2) where the employer furnishes the transportation to and from work; (3) where the employee is a traveling salesman; (4) where the employee is injured on a special mission or errand; and (5) when the employer compensates the employee for his time from the moment he leaves home until he returns home. Swearingen, supra (citing Jane Traylor, Inc. v. Cooskey, 31 Ark. App. 245, 792 S.W.2d 351 (1990)). Appellant concedes that if Moncus had been killed while he was simply driving to work like he did on most days, to a location he already knew, this claim would not be compensable. Appellant argues, however, that the day in question was not a “normal” workday because Billingsley ordered his employees to meet him at a gas station so that he could have the employees follow him to the tract of land because only he knew where it was. Appellant asserts that Moncus was performing employment services when he was killed driving to the job site because Billingsley admitted that meeting at the gas station benefited his company and insured that he could successfully conduct his business on the day in question. There is no question that meeting at the gas station and following Billingsley in convoy fashion to the job site was not normally how the employees got to work, and, in fact, this was quite rare. It is also clear that this case fits within the going-and-coming rule, and it does not meet any of the exceptions to this rule. At his own request, Moncus was traveling to the job site in his personal vehicle that contained none of Billingsley Logging’s property. Moncus was not being paid at the time of the accident and would not have been paid until he arrived at the job site and began to cut trees. The rationale of the ALJ, which was adopted by the Commission, was the following: In the present claim I find that [Moncus] was not performing an employment service at the time that the tragic accident occurred. As discussed above, employees of [Billingsley Logging] were responsible for providing their own transportation to and from the tracts of land where timber was cut each day. On rare occasions, approximately two to three times each year, work would begin on a new tract of land and the employees would not be familiar with the location of that tract ofland. Although the employees meet Mr. Billingsley and follow him to the tract of land on the first day the timber is cut from such tracts, it cannot be said that their travel to the tract of land advances the employer’s purpose or interest on those days any more than any other day when the employees travel to the tract of land where timber is to be cut.  We find that this case is analogous to Hogan, supra, where this court held that the going-and-coming rule precluded a nurse working in a bloodmobile from receiving workers’ compensation benefits for injuries sustained while en route to meet the unit. In Hogan, the nurse was subject to risks common to all others on streets and highways and there was no substantial evidence to support the conclusion that it was the Red Cross’s customary practice to provide transportation during inclement weather even though, on at least one occasion, it had provided transportation. Id. In the present case, while it was not customary for the logging employees to meet at the gas station to follow Billingsley, they did do this a few times per year when commencing work at a new job site. In either case, Moncus was required to travel to the actual job site where his work would begin, and his case does not fall within one of the recognized exceptions to the going-and-coming rule. For these reasons, his claim is not compensable. Affirmed. Baker, Robbins, Griffen and Crabtree, JJ., agree. Bird, J., dissents.