Court Opinion

ID: 3084252
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 02:27:37.464101+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:13:24.340988
License: Public Domain

AFFIRM; Opinion Filed March 5, 2014.

                                         S   In The
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      No. 05-12-01718-CV

                           PATRICK HUDSON, Appellant
                                      V.
                      SOUTHERN INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellee

                      On Appeal from the 101st Judicial District Court
                                   Dallas County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. DC-11-10636

                             MEMORANDUM OPINION
                          Before Justices Bridges, Fillmore, and Lewis
                                   Opinion by Justice Lewis
       Appellant Patrick Hudson (“Hudson”) appeals from a judgment rendered in favor of

appellee, Southern Insurance Company (“Southern”). In four issues, Hudson challenges the trial

court’s evidentiary rulings; and its findings of fact and conclusions of law. Because all

dispositive issues are settled in law, we issue this memorandum opinion. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(a),

47.4. We conclude the trial court did not err in the evidentiary rulings, and the record supports

the findings of fact and conclusions of law. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                              Background

       In the course of Hudson’s employment on November 6, 2008, Hudson was working as a

material handler and lacerated his right thumb. Hudson’s employer carried workers’

compensation insurance coverage through Southern.
           Between November 2008 and March 2011, Hudson was examined by at least nine

different doctors. 1 On January 19, 2009, Hudson presented to Dr. Michael LeCompte, a doctor

appointed by the Texas Department of Insurance Division of Workers Compensation (“DWC”)

to serve as a designated doctor to determine Hudson’s date of maximum medical improvement

(“MMI”), impairment rating (“IR”), and ability to return to work. Lecompte determined

Hudson’s MMI on January 19, 2009, with an IR of 4% for the right thumb.

           On June 29, 2009, Hudson presented to Dr. Charita Littles, another designated doctor, to

determine the extent of Hudson’s compensable injury. Littles determined the injury to Hudson’s

right thumb was compensable and reported Hudson’s current symptoms and limitations to only

be the thumb injury. However, Littles’ report also stated hypertension, anxiety, low back pain,

and chronic pain 2 were all non-compensable.

           On July 30, 2009, Hudson presented to Dr. Paul Vu who found Hudson at MMI on

January 19, 2009, with an IR of 2% based on injury to his right thumb. Vu’s report notes the

“current subjective complaints” are limited to pain from the thumb extending to the right forearm

and elbow.

           On December 28, 2009, a contested case hearing was held and it was determined that the

compensable injury included anxiety, depression, and chronic pain disorder, but did not include

right thumb nerve damage. 3 On July 23, 2010, DWC issued an amended order requesting an

evaluation of Hudson regarding anxiety, depression, and chronic pain.

     1
      The record contains no evidence of an initial workers’ compensation claim filed by Hudson; only evidence of a disagreement between
Hudson and the Texas Department of Insurance Division of Workers Compensation regarding the amount for a compensable injury.
     2
        The report made on the day of Hudson’s injury notes he was taking medication for hypertension. In the “Review of Records” section of
Littles’ report, it is noted: “On February 12, 2009, there was a notice of dispute of services involving the low back pain, chronic pain, depression
and high blood pressure.”
     3
        On this record, we cannot determine why the DWC decided Hudson’s compensable injury included depression, anxiety, and chronic pain
and excluded injury from his right thumb. Further, the evidence in the record does not provide us with information regarding who presided over
this contested case proceeding.

                                                                       –2–
       On August 6, 2010, Hudson presented to another designated doctor, Dr. Ronald Heisey

who determined the MMI on February 3, 2009, with an IR of 1% based on injury of the right

thumb. Heisey further reports:

       With regard to depression, even though the claimant was diagnosed with
       depression on 01/27/09, he was never given antidepressants until 01/15/10, when
       he began receiving Paxil with Dr. Padilla. . . . There was no evidence on my
       examination of any psychosis. It is my impression that at best, he might have a
       very mild depression because he is not able to find work, which is being well
       treated with Paxil. I feel this is a transient phenomenon and will resolve when he
       returns to work.

       On November 2, 2010, Hudson presented to Dr. Ronald Washington, a physician of

Hudson’s choice. Washington determined the IR of 10% based on a diagnosis of post-traumatic

stress disorder with major depression and did not rate the injury to Hudson’s thumb.

       On March 11, 2011, Hudson presented to Dr. Andrew Brylowski, for a carrier-requested

medical examination. Brylowski determined Hudson was exhibiting extreme symptom over-

reporting and diagnosed Hudson with malingering. Brylowski opined that any symptoms of

anxiety or depression, or any psychiatric disorder, would not be, in reasonable medical

probability, related to the compensable thumb injury.

       On May 5, 2011, another contested hearing was held and the DWC issued a Decision and

Order on May 11, 2001. This Decision and Order determined Hudson’s MMI was on February 2,

2009, with an IR of 1%. Hudson filed suit against Southern on August 25, 2011. The trial court

upheld the decision of the DWC and Hudson now appeals the trial court’s judgment.

                                            Analysis

       Because Hudson’s third and fourth issues are presented as jurisdictional claims, we

address these issues first. Hudson’s third and fourth issues contend the trial court “lacked

jurisdiction” to affirm the appeals’ panel findings on the issues of Hudson’s proper IR and date

of MMI. Hudson claims the trial court lacked jurisdiction because “the trier of fact has

                                              –3–
jurisdiction only to adopt an impairment rating assigned by a doctor in the underlying

administrative case.” The legal authority on which Hudson relies is a case from this Court that

states, “In a judicial review case, the court or jury must adopt the specific impairment rating of

one of the physicians in the underlying administrative case.” Bell v. Zurich Am Ins. Co., 311
S.W.3d 507, 511 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, pet. denied). Hudson’s complaint is directed not at

the trial court’s jurisdiction to hear his appeal, but at the trial court’s authority to adopt an

impairment rating. Accordingly, we will address Hudson’s issues based on our analysis of the

Labor Code as in Bell. Id.

        Hudson fails to provide any argument as to why the adopted date of MMI and IR are

improper. Our review of the record reveals the trial court adopted the specific MMI and IR as

established by Heisey’s report of August 6, 2010. Because Hudson fails to provide this Court

with any argument or explanation as to why the trial court’s adoption of the MMI and IR are

improper, and we find support for the MMI and IR based on reports from physicians in the

underlying administrative case, we overrule his third and fourth issues. See Bell, 311 S.W.3d at

511 (“the requirement that the impairment rating match one of the physicians’ findings is part of

the substantive statutory scheme.”); see also TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i) (The brief must contain a

clear and concise argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and

to the record.).

        In his first argument, Hudson contends the trial court abused its discretion by admitting

evidence presented by an unqualified doctor. Specifically, Hudson complains about the

admission of Heisey’s report and opinions claiming Heisey was unqualified to give an IR on

anxiety and depression. Southern responds that Hudson waived this argument by failing to object

to Heisey’s report and opinions at the DWC administrative level and even if Hudson had

preserved his argument, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by admitting Heisey’s report.

                                                –4–
       Whether to admit or exclude evidence is within the trial court’s sound discretion. Nat'l

Liab. & Fire Ins. Co. v. Allen, 15 S.W.3d 525, 527 (Tex. 2000). We review a trial court’s

evidentiary decisions by an abuse of discretion standard. Id. at 527-28.

       The Labor Code provides for a modified de novo standard of review of a decision of the

appeals panel. See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 410.304 (West 2006); Nat’l Liab., 15 S.W.3d at 528.

We look to the Texas Labor Code for guidelines under the Texas Workers’ Compensation Act.

See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. §§ 401.001–419.007 (West 2006 & Supp. 2013). The language of

section 410.302 is plain and unambiguous:

       A trial under this subchapter is limited to issues decided by the appeals panel and
       on which judicial review is sought. The pleadings must specifically set forth the
       determinations of the appeals panel by which the party is aggrieved.

       TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 410.302 (West 2006).

       There is nothing in the record of the contested administrative hearing showing that

Hudson complained about the qualifications of Heisey or about the DWC’s selection of Heisey

as a designated doctor. The DWC’s Decision and Order states:

       Although the Claimant disagreed with the report of Dr. Heisey, stating it did not
       rate the entire injury or that Dr. Heisey did not have all of the medical records, the
       preponderance of the medical evidence is not contrary to Dr. Heisey’s report.

       Consequently, Hudson may not raise the issue of Heisey’s qualifications for the first time

on judicial review by the trial court. See id. Because he did not present the issue of proper

designation or qualifications to the DWC Appeals Panel, he is precluded from raising the issue in

the trial court. See id. Further, because Hudson was precluded from raising the issue in the trial

court, it was not an abuse of discretion for the trial court to admit Heisey’s report. See Nat’l

Liab., 15 S.W.3d at 527. Hudson’s first issue is overruled.

       In his second issue, Hudson challenges the trial court’s findings of fact and conclusions

of law. Findings of fact in a case that is tried to the court have the same force and effect as a

                                                –5–
jury’s findings. Anderson v. City of Seven Points, 806 S.W.2d 791, 794 (Tex. 1991); Lanier v. E.

Founds., Inc., 401 S.W.3d 445, 459 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.). Therefore, we review a

trial court’s fact findings by the same standards used to review the sufficiency of the evidence to

support a jury’s findings. Catalina v. Blasdel, 881 S.W.2d 295, 297 (Tex. 1994); Lanier, 401
S.W.3d at 459. When a trial court issues findings of fact and conclusions of law, we “indulge

every reasonable presumption in favor of the findings and judgment of the trial court, and no

presumption will be indulged against the validity of the judgment.” Bob Montgomery Chevrolet,

Inc. v. Dent Zone Companies, 409 S.W.3d 181, 187 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.) (citing

Vickery v. Comm’n for Lawyer Discipline, 5 S.W.3d 241, 252 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]

1999, pet. denied)). When reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, we view the evidence

in the light most favorable to the fact-finding, credit favorable evidence if a reasonable fact-

finder could, and disregard contrary evidence unless a reasonable fact-finder could not. See City

of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 827 (Tex. 2005). We review a trial court’s conclusions of

law de novo and will uphold the conclusions if the judgment can be sustained on any legal theory

supported by the evidence. BMC Software Belg., N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 794

(Tex.2002); Bob Montgomery Chevrolet, 409 S.W.3d at 187.

       Hudson challenges the legal sufficiency of the evidence supporting the trial court’s

findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding Hudson’s IR and MMI date. The trial court

found and concluded:

       Finding of Fact No. 2: The Plaintiff’s correct date of maximum medical
       improvement is February 3, 2009.

       Conclusion of Law No. 2: Based on this finding of fact, the court affirmed the
       Appeals Panel finding regarding the issue of date of maximum medical
       improvement.

       Finding of Fact No. 3: The Plaintiff’s correct impairment rating regarding the
       November 6, 2009 date of injury is 1%.

                                               –6–
       Conclusion of Law No. 3: Based on this finding of fact, the court affirmed the
       Appeals Panel finding on the issue of Plaintiffs [sic] proper impairment rating.

Hudson’s challenge to these findings and conclusions are based on his contention that

Washington, who was not a DWC-designated doctor, gave Hudson a MMI of November 2, 2010

and a 10% IR for depression and anxiety. Washington’s report does not give Hudson an IR for

the injury to his thumb.

       Hudson was seen by nine different doctors, three who determined Hudson’s MMI and IR

prior to Hudson being seen by Washington. The IRs given by the three prior doctors were 4%,

2%, and 1%. The MMIs given by the three prior doctors were January 19, 2009; January 19,

2009; and February 3, 2009. The IRs and MMIs given by the three prior doctors are similar in

percentage and time. The trial court’s finding of Hudson’s IR of 1% and MMI of February 3,

2009, is based on Heisey’s report and the DWC Appeals Panel’s determination. Based on this

record, we conclude the evidence is legally sufficient to support these findings and conclusions

and we overrule Hudson’s second issue. See City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 827; Bob Montgomery

Chevrolet, 409 S.W.3d at 187.

                                          Conclusion

       Having overruled all four of Hudson’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                    /David Lewis/
                                                    DAVID LEWIS
                                                    JUSTICE

121718F.P05

                                              –7–
                                          S
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                        JUDGMENT

PATRICK HUDSON, Appellant                             On Appeal from the 101st Judicial District
                                                      Court, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-12-01718-CV          V.                        Trial Court Cause No. DC-11-10636.
                                                      Opinion delivered by Justice Lewis.
SOUTHERN INSURANCE COMPANY,                           Justices Bridges and Fillmore participating.
Appellee

        In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.
        It is ORDERED that appellee SOUTHERN INSURANCE COMPANY recover their
costs of this appeal from appellant PATRICK HUDSON.

Judgment entered this 5th day of March, 2014.

                                                      /David Lewis/
                                                      DAVID LEWIS
                                                      JUSTICE

                                                –8–