Court Opinion

ID: 2647393
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-12-23 22:27:56.072559+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:35:01.548210
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                                        DIVISION ONE

THOMAS G. MONTANEY and                          No. 69364-6-1
MARJORIE E. MONTANEY, husband
and wife,

                     Appellants,

J-M MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
INC.,

                     Respondent,                                           ro

CERTAINTEED CORPORATION;
CBS CORPORATION, a Delaware
corporation, f/k/a Viacom, Inc.,
successor by merger to CBS
Corporation, a Pennsylvania
corporation, f/k/a Westinghouse
Electric Corporation; H.D. FOWLER
CO., INC.; HONEYWELL                            PUBLISHED OPINION
INTERNATIONAL, INC., successor-
in-interest to Allied Signal, Inc.,             FILED: December 23, 2013
successor-in-interest to Bendix Corp.,
METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE
COMPANY; UNION CARBIDE
CORPORATION; WATER
APPLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION
GROUP, INC., formerly known as
U.S. Filter Distribution Group, Inc.,
as successor-by-merger to Pacific
Waterworks Supply Co., Inc.; and
WUSCO.INC, doing business as
Western Utilities Supply Co.,

                     Defendants.
       Verellen, J. — The trial court granted summary judgment dismissing Thomas

and Marjorie Montaney's claim against J-M Manufacturing (JMM) arising from Thomas's

exposure to asbestos from pipe JMM sold. At the summary judgment hearing, evidence

was presented that (1) Thomas Montaney was repeatedly exposed to asbestos dust

while working with asbestos concrete (A/C) pipe between 1972 and 1990; (2) he

purchased A/C pipe from a single distributor, Pacific Waterworks (Pacific) into the

1980s; and (3) Pacific carried A/C pipe sold by JMM in 1983 and 1984. This evidence

is sufficient for a jury to reasonably infer that Montaney was exposed to A/C pipe sold

by JMM. We reverse.

                                         FACTS

       In 2012, Thomas Montaney died of mesothelioma. Before his death, he and his

wife filed an asbestos products liability lawsuit against nine defendants, including JMM.

       Beginning in 1972, Montaney continually worked with A/C pipe in his career with

the Cedar River Water and Sewer District.1 Montaney repaired and maintained A/C

water and sewer pipe in the water district's system. This required him to cut and bevel

previously installed A/C pipe, and to fit new pipe to replace damaged sections. Cutting

the old and new pipe generated substantial airborne asbestos dust. Although he

stopped using new A/C pipe in approximately 1990 after learning of the risks, he cut or

machined A/C pipe routinely, approximately 10 times per month between 1972 and

about 1990.

       1Montaney was exposed to asbestos dust throughout his life, including as a child
when his father worked with asbestos. He was also exposed to asbestos while working
in shipyards in the 1960s. However, his most intense exposure came from his work
with A/C pipe while employed with the water district.
No. 69364-1/3

      Johns-Manville manufactured A/C "Transite" pipe for decades before it sold its

pipe manufacturing operations in December 1982. JMM purchased Johns-Manville's

PVC2 pipe manufacturing business, while J-M A/C Pipe Corporation purchased Johns-
Manville's A/C pipe manufacturing business.

      JMM acknowledges that it sold A/C pipe under the trade name J-M Transite from

January 1, 1983 until 1988. JMM conceded at oral argument that it may have sold the

existing Johns-Manville A/C Transite pipe in stock as of January 1983, as well as A/C

pipe manufactured by J-M A/C Pipe Corporation after January 1983. Pacific sold A/C

pipe distributed by JMM.3
       Montaney was responsible for selecting and purchasing replacement pipe and

supplies. He only had two sources for pipe. He either obtained leftovers from

contractors or purchased new pipe, exclusively from Pacific. Montaney explained in his

deposition that he only purchased or used A/C pipe made by two manufacturers, Johns-

Manville and Certainteed. Montaney also testified that the water district kept an

inventory of A/C pipe for repair jobs. Montaney's coworker Kirk Hunkeler confirmed in

his deposition that the A/C pipe in the water district's inventory was all either Johns-

Manville or Certainteed pipe.

       JMM successfully moved for summary judgment dismissing Montaney's claim.4
Mary Montaney appeals.

       2 Polyvinyl chloride.
       3 Pacific's vice president of operations during the 1980s, William Davis, testified
in earlier trial proceedings that Pacific did business with almost all the water districts
from the Canadian border to Medford, Oregon, a territory that includes the Cedar River
Water and Sewer District.

       4 Montaney's estate settled with the other defendants prior to trial.
No. 69364-1/4

                                       ANALYSIS

       "Summary judgment is appropriate when there are no genuine issues of material

fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law."5 This court reviews
a summary judgment de novo, viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the

nonmoving party.6
       Asbestos plaintiffs in Washington may establish exposure to a defendant's

product through direct or circumstantial evidence.7 A plaintiff need not offer a detailed
recollection of facts surrounding the exposure to the asbestos-containing product.8
"'[Ijnstead of personally identifying the manufacturers of asbestos products to which he

was exposed, a plaintiff may rely on the testimony of witnesses who identify

manufacturers ofasbestos products which were then present at his workplace.'"9
Whether an asbestos plaintiff's evidence states a prima facie case is necessarily a fact-

specific inquiry.10
       In Lockwood v. AC & S, Inc., our Supreme Court held that evidence supplied by

the plaintiff's coworkers supported the inference that the defendant's product was used

       5 Cerrillo v. Esparza, 158 Wash. 2d 194, 200, 142 P.3d 155 (2006).
       6 Drinkwitz v. Alliant Techsvstems. Inc.. 140 Wash. 2d 291, 295, 996 P.2d 582
(2000).
       7Allen v. Asbestos Corp.. Ltd.. 138 Wash. App. 564, 571, 157 P.3d 406 (2007).
       8 Morgan v. Aurora Pump Co.. 159 Wash. App. 724, 729, 248 P.3d 1052 (2011).
       9jd, (alteration in original) (quoting Lockwood v. AC &S. Inc.. 109 Wash. 2d 235,
246-47, 744 P.2d 605 (1987)).
       10 See Van Hout v. Celotex Corp.. 121 Wash. 2d 697, 706-07, 853 P.2d 908 (1993);
Lockwood. 109 Wash. 2d at 246-47.
No. 69364-1/5

on a ship where Lockwood worked.11 The court explained the rationale for the more
lenient standards of proof applicable to asbestos cases:

       Because of the long latency period of asbestosis, the plaintiff's ability to
       recall specific brands by the time he brings an action will be seriously
       impaired. A plaintiff who did not work directly with the asbestos products
       would have further difficulties in personally identifying the manufacturers
       of such products. The problems of identification are even greater when
       the plaintiff has been exposed at more than one job site and to more than
       one manufacturer's product.1121
       Applying the Lockwood standard, in Van Hout v. Celotex Corp.. the court held

that sufficient evidence supported the jury's verdict for an asbestos plaintiff, where the

plaintiff testified that he worked in asbestos dust on ships, and witnesses placed the

defendant's asbestos-containing insulation materials on those ships.13 And this court,
applying Lockwood in Allen v. Asbestos Corp., Ltd. concluded the evidence was

sufficient to defeat summary judgment where the plaintiff submitted sales records

showing that the shipyard purchased the defendant's products containing asbestos

during the time his father was employed there.14
       This court's opinion in Berry v. Crown Cork & Seal Co.. Inc. is instructive as to

the evidence necessary to survive a defendant's motion for summary judgment.15
There, the court reversed a summary dismissal of claims by a plaintiff exposed to

asbestos products where evidence demonstrated that he worked around materials that

created asbestos dust aboard ships, that certain brands of asbestos-containing

       11 109 Wash. 2d 235, 247, 744 P.2d 605 (1987).
       12 Id at 246-47.
       13 121 Wash. 2d 697, 707, 853 P.2d 908 (1993).
       14 138 Wash. App. 564, 571, 157 P.3d 406 (2007).
       15 103 Wash. App. 312, 14 P.3d 789 (2000).
No. 69364-1/6

products were commonly used on ships repaired at his workplace, and the defendant

distributed those specific brands of products to the plaintiff's employer.16
       The facts of this case resemble those in Berry, where there was evidence that

the plaintiff worked around materials that created asbestos dust, that certain brands of

asbestos-containing products were commonly used at the worksite, and there is

evidence allowing the reasonable inference that the defendant distributed or sold an

asbestos-containing product used at the plaintiff's worksite.17
       Montaney presented evidence that (1) he worked at the water district from 1972

until 1995; (2) at times in the course of his work, he performed approximately 10 repair

jobs per month using A/C pipe; (3) he used A/C pipe for repairs until 1990 or shortly

thereafter; he stopped using A/C pipe 1990; and (4) he was exposed to airborne,

asbestos-containing dust.

       Montaney testified that he obtained pipe from only two sources: contractors and

Pacific. He exclusively used pipe manufactured by Certainteed and Johns-Manville,

and purchased Johns-Manville A/C pipe from Pacific. Although he did not buy A/C pipe

often, he purchased new A/C pipe from Pacific "into the 1980s."18 Montaney testified
that the water district used new Johns-Manville pipe purchased from Pacific until the

early 1990s. Moreover, the record demonstrates that Pacific sold A/C pipe it purchased

from JMM from 1983 through 1984, and JMM concedes that it sold A/C pipe between

1983 and 1988.

       16 Id, at 315-18.

       18
            Clerk's Papers at 131.
No. 69364-1/7

       From this evidence, a jury could reasonably infer that Montaney purchased new

A/C pipe from Pacific in 1983 and 1984, and that the new pipe purchased then would

have included A/C pipe sold by JMM. A jury could also reasonably infer that Montaney

used the A/C pipe for repairs between 1983 and the early 1990s, when he stopped

using A/C pipe altogether. This is enough to establish a prima facie case.

       Significantly, the Berry court rejected an argument similar to JMM's here, that the

inference of exposure by defendant's products was based on "impermissible

speculation."19 There, as here, the plaintiff did not submit direct evidence that he
worked with the defendant's products, and the evidence did not reveal how much, if

any, asbestos from defendant's products was released.20 While no direct evidence
demonstrated that Montaney worked with A/C pipe made or sold by JMM, considerable

indirect evidence would allow a jury to reasonably conclude that he did.

       JMM concedes that Montaney purchased new A/C pipe into the 1980s, but

argues that he did not clarify exactly how far into the 1980s such purchases occurred.

But the inferences from Montaney's statement must be drawn in his favor. Summary

judgment was not appropriate.

       Both parties identify potential confusion as to the distinction between Johns-

Manville, JMM and J-M A/C Pipe Corporation.21 There is also conflicting evidence

      19 Berry. 103 Wash. App. at 324.
      20 See jd. at 324-25 ("The extent to which [defendant] supplied the products as
compared with other distributors is irrelevant for purposes of summary judgment.").
      21 In 1982, JMM purchased Johns-Manville's PVC pipe business.
Simultaneously, Johns-Manville's A/C pipe manufacturing concern was spun offto a
new entity, J-M A/C Pipe Corporation. Thereafter, JMM became the exclusive supplier
of Johns-Manville's asbestos-containing Transite pipe on January 1, 1983.
No. 69364-1/8

regarding the markings or "trade dress" used on the products.22 Montaney argues that
he and his coworkers would not have made any distinction between Johns-Manville A/C

pipe made and sold before 1983 and J-M A/C pipe sold by JMM after January 1, 1983.23
However, because the other evidence tending to place JMM's products at Montaney's

worksite is sufficient to make a prima facie case, resolution of historical details of

ownership, manufacture, and trade dress is not necessary for Montaney's claim to

survive summary judgment.

       JMM's remaining arguments are premised on evidence that appears to contradict

Montaney's account. First, JMM argues that a document referring to the water district

keeping an inventory of A/C pipe that was claimed to be at least 30 years old when it

was abated in 1993 supports summary judgment. But the document does not purport to

account for all of the A/C pipe that Montaney worked with during his employment, and at

most, raises a question of fact. Second, JMM argues that Montaney's coworkers'

testimony establishes that the water district stopped purchasing new A/C pipe prior to

1983. But contradictory evidence on material factual issues precludes summary

judgment. To the extent that Hunkeler's and Thompson's testimony contradicts

Montaney's testimony, the dispute must be resolved by the trier of fact.

        22 JMM contends that Johns-Manville used both JM and J-M as trade dressing,
as evidenced by advertisements. In the journals submitted by JMM in its original reply
brief, the logo JM appears on a coupling attached to the end of a piece of Transite pipe.
Similarly, the logo J-M appears on a piece of Blue Brute PVC pipe. Neither of these
pictures shed any light on the issue of whether J-M actually was stamped on Transite
pipe. Accordingly, it argues, testimony that the J-M trade dressing appeared on A/C
pipe used in Montaney's workplace does not compel the conclusion that the pipe was
distributed by JMM.
       23 Montaney also presented evidence that JMM corporate representative Jim
Reichert testified in a prior lawsuit that JMM manufactured A/C pipe under the name
J-M Transite.

                                              8
No. 69364-1/9

       Montaney's evidence supports the reasonable inference that JMM sold A/C pipe

through Pacific between 1983 and 1984 that reached Montaney's worksite and was

used before 1990. Coupled with the abundant evidence of Montaney's exposure to

airborne asbestos dust from A/C pipe while employed at the water district, Montaney

states a sufficient prima facie claim against JMM.

       Reversed.

WE CONCUR:

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