Court Opinion

ID: 4444738
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-10-07 15:04:05.812403+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:43:19.364096
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                 FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                              Oct 07 2019, 6:18 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
                                                                       CLERK
court except for the purpose of establishing                       Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                      Court of Appeals
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                 and Tax Court

estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Jacob T. Rigney                                          Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Rigney Law                                               Attorney General of Indiana
Indianapolis, Indiana                                    Evan Matthew Comer
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

John Tompkins,                                           October 7, 2019
Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         18A-PC-2394
        v.                                               Appeal from the Marion Superior
                                                         Court
State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable Sheila Carlisle,
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Judge
                                                         The Honorable Stanley E. Kroh,
                                                         Magistrate
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         49G03-1101-PC-431

Brown, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019            Page 1 of 20
[1]   John Tompkins appeals the denial of his petition for post-conviction relief. We

      affirm.

                                      Facts and Procedural History

[2]   The relevant facts as discussed in Tompkins’s direct appeal follow:

              On December 27, 2010, Daphne Rutledge and Brittany
              Henderson went to Mary Orr’s house to pick her up, and
              Tompkins, who was dating Orr, was at the house at the time.
              After picking up Orr, the three women went to Rutledge’s home.
              Rutledge lived with her mother Dorothy and her nine-year-old
              daughter. At some point, Rutledge, Henderson, and Orr left to
              run errands and stopped at a gas station, where they saw
              Tompkins, who was wearing an all gray jogging or sweat suit,
              white tshirt, and white tennis shoes and had braids in his hair.
              Instead of leaving the gas station with Rutledge and Henderson
              as planned, Orr left with Tompkins.

              Later that night, Rutledge and Henderson went to a bar in
              Greenwood, Indiana, to play poker. While at the bar, Orr called
              Rutledge more than ten times. After playing poker, Rutledge and
              Henderson returned to Rutledge’s home. At approximately 2:00
              a.m., Tompkins called Rutledge using Orr’s phone and began to
              argue with her, became “rude, loud, argumentative, and
              disrespectful,” and stated “Oh, you think you’re going to get my
              girlfriend. B, you can come get some, too. You can Google me .
              . . .” Transcript at 213-214. The argument ended when
              Rutledge’s phone died. Rutledge, Henderson, and Rutledge’s
              daughter all fell asleep on a bed in Rutledge’s bedroom.

              At some point later during the night, Dorothy woke up to a loud
              beating coming from the entrance door to Rutledge’s apartment,
              she then heard a “real loud kick of like a real loud bang,” jumped

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 2 of 20
              up, went into the hallway, and observed Tompkins climbing the
              stairs with a knife in his hand. Id. at 255. Dorothy yelled at
              Tompkins, but he ignored her and went inside Rutledge’s room.
              Dorothy followed Tompkins into the room and observed that
              Tompkins was over Rutledge and hitting her.

              Rutledge woke up as Tompkins was on top of her and stabbing
              her. Rutledge recognized Tompkins based on the gray jogging
              suit, shoes, and braids. Henderson was awakened by Tompkins
              when he jumped, in “an aggressive move like a pounce,” onto
              the bed, and Henderson pulled Rutledge’s daughter off of the bed
              with her. Id. at 285. Henderson observed Tompkins run out of
              the room. Henderson and Dorothy called 911.

              The police officer responding to the scene observed fresh signs of
              forced entry. An ambulance transported Rutledge to the hospital
              where it was determined that she had been stabbed five times,
              suffered nerve damage in her right hand, and one of her kidneys
              had been stabbed. While in the hospital, Orr called Rutledge and
              then Tompkins spoke to Rutledge on the phone. Tompkins
              stated that he did not stab Rutledge and offered her “money to let
              the police know that he did not do it.” Id. at 225. Rutledge told
              Tompkins no and that he “could burn in hell.” Id. Later,
              Rutledge and Henderson were both shown a photo array and
              both identified Tompkins as the perpetrator.

      Tompkins v. State, No. 49A04-1111-CR-690, slip op. at 2-4 (Ind. Ct. App.

      October 11, 2012).

[3]   On January 4, 2011, the State charged Tompkins with Count I, burglary as a

      class A felony; County II, aggravated battery as a class B felony; and Count III,

      battery as a class D felony. Id. at 4. On September 9, 2011, the State filed a

      notice of filing habitual offender. Id. On October 5, 2011, Tompkins filed a

      motion to exclude the testimony of Orr because she failed to appear for

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 3 of 20
      depositions, and the court granted the motion. Id. On October 13, 2011, the

      State moved to amend Count II to correct a scrivener’s error, which the court

      granted. Id.

[4]   On October 17, 2011, prior to the beginning of a jury trial, the court and parties’

      counsel discussed motions by the State, and defense counsel requested a motion

      in limine with respect to any prior bad acts or criminal offenses by Tompkins

      that had not been reduced to conviction and “also, with the granting of the

      motion to exclude on Mary Orr, any testimony as to any statements she had

      made.” Petitioner’s Exhibit A at 24-25. The court granted the motion.

[5]   During the direct examination of Henderson, she testified that Orr was

      panicked and left items in the car because she did not want Tompkins to know,

      and Tompkins’s trial counsel objected and asserted that the testimony was “just

      literally what she said.” Petitioner’s Exhibit A at 105. Upon questioning by the

      court, Prosecutor Clifford Whitehead stated that he had advised Henderson of

      the court’s rulings. The court advised the jury to disregard the last answer given

      by Henderson.

[6]   During the direct examination of Rutledge, the following exchange occurred:

              Q Did anybody call you while you were at the bar?

              A Yes.

              Q Who called you?

              A Mary had called me and told me she was getting beat.

              Q Okay.
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 4 of 20
        [Defense Counsel]: Objection, Your Honor.

        [Prosecutor Cary Solida]: I know. I know. We’re –

        [Defense Counsel]: We need to approach.

        THE COURT: All right.

        COUNSEL APPROACHED THE BENCH

        [Defense Counsel]: All right. This witness knows the ruling.

        [Prosecutor Solida]: But – but –

        [Defense Counsel]: She said, Mary called me and said she was
        getting beat. That’s so – a violation.

        [Prosecutor Solida]: Did she say that? I didn’t hear her.

        [Defense Counsel]: I thought she said beat – she called me and
        said she was getting beat.

        THE COURT: All I’ve got is, “Mary called me and told me she
        was going”. That’s all I’ve got.

        [Defense Counsel]: Then you can listen to it. She said she told
        me she was getting beat is what she said. We can take a break
        and listen to it. I’m going to ask for a mistrial.

                                              *****

        THE COURT: Okay. On the record. We did just listen to the
        witness’s answer – the last answer that the Defense objected to.

        PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS BY [Defense Counsel]:

        Q Okay. Miss Rutledge, did the prosecutor have a conversation
        with you today, telling you that you were not to say anything
        about what Mary said?

        A About what I heard or hearsay?

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 5 of 20
        Q Hearsay. Anything that Mary said to you, you weren’t
        supposed to say.

        A Okay. Well, no, I wasn’t aware of that.

        Q He didn’t – the prosecutor didn’t tell you that?

        A Yeah, he told me don’t say what another person has said
        outside. But she said it directly to me. That’s where it came to,
        to me.

        [Defense Counsel]: I don’t have any other questions. I’d like to
        know, as an officer of the Court, what [Prosecutor Solida] told
        her.

        [Prosecutor Whitehead]: It’s my –

        [Defense Counsel]: Or – yeah.

        [Prosecutor Whitehead]: It’s my understanding that [Prosecutor
        Solida] told her that – don’t say – whatever anything else –
        anybody else said to you, don’t say.

        [Defense Counsel]: Did you tell her that Mary was excluded,
        and you couldn’t say anything about what she said?

        [Prosecutor Solida]: Well, that’s not necessarily true. I mean, if
        there’s an exception to hearsay, she can say it. And there may be
        an exception on this statement.

        [Defense Counsel]: I asked for a motion in limine, Your Honor,
        about anything she said. And you said we were going to
        approach the bench before anything was said.

        THE COURT: Yes, with respect to Mary Orr and with respect
        to any prior bad acts of the defendant. Those oral motions in
        limine were both granted.

        [Defense Counsel]: Judge, I’m going to ask for a mistrial and ask
        to charge it to the State and that Mr. Tompkins be discharged.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 6 of 20
        It’s a – it happened twice today. If it was the first time, that’s one
        thing. And her throwing out something like that, to me, that just
        the witness intentionally trying to get into evidence that Mary
        said that she was beaten by Mr. Tompkins. So we’re going to ask
        for a mistrial and have it charged to the State and that Mr.
        Tompkins be released as to these charges.

                                              *****

        [Prosecutor Solida]: Okay. And I – my understanding of the
        motion in limine was basically it was if it’s inadmissible hearsay
        then it can’t come in. But, I mean, just to –

        THE COURT: So you wanted this witness to say that answer?
        Is that what you’re saying?

        [Prosecutor Solida]: Not – not like that, no. I wanted her to – I
        was going to ask her what Mary Orr asked her to do, because
        that would not be hearsay. That would be a question.

        THE COURT: Okay. Well –

        [Defense Counsel]: This is the –

        [Prosecutor Solida]: I asked her a yes or no question: Did you
        receive any phone calls? And her response was that.

        THE COURT: Right. But the – and because of her response,
        then the question is was she advised that – that the Court had
        ruled on the defendant’s oral motion in limine that she was not to
        go into that?

        [Prosecutor Solida]: She was here in the court, but she was not
        specifically called aside and instructed, at least not by myself.

        THE COURT: What do you mean “she was here in the court”?

        [Prosecutor Solida]: She was here during the – while we were
        arguing the motion in limine.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 7 of 20
        THE COURT: Well, she was here for part of what we were
        doing this morning. I don’t know what part it was. She wasn’t
        here for the whole – the whole time we were in here this morning
        because I saw her leave at one point.

        [Defense Counsel]: And, Judge, I think after the first – I don’t
        have a perfect memory of this. But I think after the first witness
        did it, you instructed the prosecutor to make sure no one else did
        it. I’m not a hundred percent sure on that, but I think that’s what
        happened. You instructed him to make sure it didn’t happen
        again.

        THE COURT: Well, I did ask if they had instructed as to the
        Court’s rulings. Go ahead, State. Finish your argument.

        [Prosecutor Solida]: I have previously advised her about what
        hearsay was and how statements are not to be used in court. I – I
        don’t know if an admonishment would’ve made – a specific
        admonishment today would’ve made a difference or not.
        [Prosecutor Whitehead] informs me that she was in the room for
        the argument in that regard to the motion in limine. Again, I
        took the motion in limine to be a restatement of the Rules of
        Evidence. And my next question to her was going to be what
        question – “Did she ask you any questions? Did she ask you to
        do anything?” And my understanding of the Rules of Evidence
        is, is that would not be – that that would be admissible, not as a
        statement.

        [Defense Counsel]: Even –

        [Prosecutor Solida]: But as a command or a question.

        [Defense Counsel]: Even if that was true, Judge, the ruling was
        before anything like that came out, we came in front of the bench
        and talked about it. It wasn’t that well, if I think it’s admissible, I
        can introduce it. No. It was approach the bench. The same
        thing with me talking about Daphne’s husband and all that stuff.
        Before I could say anything, I have to come and ask you. And
        that was the ruling. And just to keep talking, my – what I asked
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 8 of 20
        for was that all statements, not non-hearsay statements – I said
        all statements be motioned out – be in – limited [sic] out.

        THE COURT: Okay. Well, this is – I’m going to have to go
        back and look at some other things on the record. It’s not a
        situation that I take lightly, by any means. . . .

                                              *****

        THE COURT: But I know this: It should not have come out
        because I made a ruling this morning to keep that out. So I know
        this: It should’ve never been said.

        [Defense Counsel]: And, Judge –

        THE COURT: And I can’t take it back, and I can’t drill the
        jurors and say, Did that – did you catch that? You know, I
        mean, everything points to the fact that I’m probably going to
        have to err on the side of caution with the defendant’s rights
        because I don’t know at this point who heard what. And all I
        need is one juror to have heard that, and that’s enough to grant a
        mistrial. I will say this: I do not believe that it was the State’s
        intention to have that witness say that. That question did not call
        for it. She went beyond what the answer would’ve called for.
        You simply said, “Who called you?” Her answer was, “Mary
        called me and told me she was getting beat.” Okay. So “Mary
        called me” would’ve been all that that question asked for.

        [Defense Counsel]: Judge, if I could maybe state one thing. You
        know, and I’ve dealt with [Prosecutor Solida] before. I totally
        trust [him].

        THE COURT: Uh-huh.

        [Defense Counsel]: But I think that he had a duty to tell that
        witness, “Hey, you can’t say this”, and not think she heard it in
        the courtroom, but a duty to go and specifically say to her, “Hey,
        you can’t say anything that Mary says because it’s been limited

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 9 of 20
        [sic] out.” She’s not a lawyer. And it sounds like they didn’t do
        that.

        THE COURT: Did anyone do that? I know that you say she
        was in the courtroom. I –

        [Prosecutor Solida]: Not specifically, no. I –

        THE COURT: Okay.

        [Prosecutor Solida]: We –

        THE COURT: So, I mean –

        [Prosecutor Whitehead]: We – we told her, “You cannot say
        anything that anybody else told you.” We did not say – go
        through Mary, the defendant, anybody like that. And –

        THE COURT: And you did not reiterate the Court’s rulings on
        the defendant’s oral motion in limine as to any prior bad acts of
        the defendant, which this clearly fell under, and any statements
        by Mary?

        [Prosecutor Whitehead]: I did not, Your Honor.

        THE COURT: Okay.

        [Prosecutor Solida]: No, Judge.

        THE COURT: I mean, I noticed when she came on the witness
        stand that she was the same person that had been in the
        courtroom this morning during some of our preliminary motions.
        But I did also notice that person left the courtroom at some point.
        I’m not sure that having them in the back of the courtroom is
        sufficient when the Court asks you to make sure all your
        witnesses are advised of the Court’s ruling. But I will give you
        that she was in the courtroom, and so, you know, I don’t think it
        was an intentional not telling her so that this would happen. I
        don’t think that at all. I don’t think the record supports that in

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 10 of 20
              any way. Okay? That being said, I – you know, I’ll have to take
              this under advisement.

      Petitioner’s Exhibit 1 at 174-189. On October 18, 2011, the court granted

      Tompkins’s motion for a mistrial.

[7]   A second jury trial began on October 19, 2011. Tompkins, slip op. at 4. The

      jury found Tompkins guilty as charged under Counts I and II and not guilty

      under Count III. Id. Tompkins admitted to being an habitual offender. Id.

      The court vacated judgment of conviction under Count II due to double

      jeopardy concerns and sentenced Tompkins to twenty years in the Department

      of Correction for his conviction under Count I and enhanced the sentence by

      thirty years due to the habitual offender finding for an aggregate sentence of

      fifty years. Id.

[8]   On direct appeal, Tompkins argued that the retrial constituted a double

      jeopardy violation, that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting certain

      testimony, and that the prosecutor committed prosecutorial misconduct that

      resulted in fundamental error. Id. at 2. This Court affirmed. Id.

[9]   On November 18, 2013, Tompkins filed a petition for post-conviction relief

      alleging in part that he received ineffective assistance because his trial counsel

      successfully argued for a mistrial but made the argument in such a way as to

      preclude discharge. On September 15, 2015, the court held a hearing.

      Tompkins’s trial counsel testified that he had been an attorney since 1990 or

      1991. With respect to the motion in limine, he testified he believed he asked for

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 11 of 20
       a discharge. When asked what was necessary to show when asking for a

       discharge at a mistrial, he answered: “I think bad faith from the prosecutor. I’m

       not sure exactly.” Post-Conviction Transcript at 16. He stated that he

       remembered making the statement that he trusted the prosecutor. When asked,

       “That seems to either neuter your argument for asking for a discharge, or

       putting the Court in a position to where they can’t truly determine whether a

       discharge[] is . . . possible . . . [d]o you agree to that,” he answered

       affirmatively. Id. at 17-18. On cross-examination, he testified that he was a

       commissioner for about five years in the Marion County D felony and

       misdemeanor courts, that he had been doing criminal law since 1991, that he

       had handled many major felony cases prior to representing Tompkins, that he

       had a duty to be truthful or have candor with the court, and “I was not going to

       say that I thought [Prosecutor Solida] did that intentionally when I – everything

       I know about him tells me, no, he didn’t do it intentionally.” Id. at 21.

[10]   On January 17, 2018, the court entered an order denying Tompkins’s petition.

       The order states:

                                           FINDINGS OF FACT

                                                     *****

               6. [Tompkins’s trial counsel] has been practicing law since 1991
               primarily in the area of criminal defense. [He] served as a master
               commissioner in the Marion County D-felony and misdemeanor
               courts for approximately five years. Since then, his practice has
               been comprised almost entirely of criminal defense work and he

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 12 of 20
        has tried between eighty and one hundred jury trials, many of
        which were major felony trials.

        [Trial counsel] recalls representing Tompkins as private counsel;
        he reviewed his trial file prior to the PCR hearing. [Trial
        counsel] believes that he had enough time to adequately prepare
        for trial including time to investigate, speak to witnesses, conduct
        depositions, etc.

                                              *****

        During the first trial, [trial counsel] recalls asking for a mistrial,
        which was granted, he believes because the alleged victim said
        something which had been limined out. He believes that he also
        asked for a discharge. [Trial counsel] also testified that he had a
        duty to be truthful and have candor with the Court, and that he
        was not going to say that he thought [Prosecutor Solida] did that
        intentionally when everything he knew about him tells him that
        he did not do it intentionally.

                                              *****

                                CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

                                              *****

        Lastly, [Tompkins] claims that trial counsel was ineffective for
        successfully arguing for mistrial but making his argument in such
        a way as to preclude discharge.

                                              *****

        The Indiana Court of Appeals held that “the record supports the
        trial court’s conclusion that the prosecutor did not intend to force
        Tompkins to move for a mistrial, and accordingly Tompkins’s
        second trial did not violate the constitutional or statutory
        proscriptions against double jeopardy.” [Tompkins, slip op. at]
        11-12.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 13 of 20
        Specifically, [Tompkins] takes issue with trial counsel’s following
        comment to the court, during the discussion regarding the
        mistrial request: “Judge, if I could maybe state one thing. You
        know, and I’ve dealt with [Prosecutor Solida] before. I totally
        trust [him].” Tr. 188.

        The Court notes that this statement by [trial counsel] was made
        to the court during a lengthy discussion of the issue and
        immediately after the court had already stated, “I will say this: I
        do not believe that it was the State’s intention to have that
        witness say that. The question did not call for it. She went
        beyond the answer would’ve called for. [The State] simply said,
        ‘Who called you?’” Tr. 187. This Court also notes that [trial
        counsel] had already made a timely and thorough motion for
        mistrial and discharge . . . . Tr. 179. [Trial counsel] also
        subsequently argued to the court that it had instructed the
        prosecutor, after the first witness violated the motion in limine, to
        make sure no one else did it. Tr. 181. He further argued that the
        limine ruling applied to all statements by Mary Orr, not just
        hearsay statements. See Tr. 183.

        “The purpose of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim is not
        to [‘]grade counsel’s performance.[’]” Id. [Trial counsel] was a
        zealous advocate for his client, during the entirety of this trial
        and during his motion for mistrial and discharge. He timely and
        forcefully moved for mistrial and discharge on his client’s behalf.
        Regarding his candor to the tribunal when he mentioned that he
        trusted the prosecutor based upon previously [sic] interactions,
        [Tompkins] has not shown this to constitute ineffective
        assistance. [Tompkins] has not shown that this truthful comment
        to the trial court equates to deficient performance. Nor has [he]
        proven any reasonable probability that the court would have
        granted discharge had [trial counsel] not made the brief statement
        at issue.

        Without prejudice or deficient performance, this claim of [sic]
        fails, as does the entirety of Tompkins’ ineffective assistance of
        trial counsel claim.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 14 of 20
       Appellant’s Appendix Volume II at 26-41.

[11]   On February 5, 2018, Tompkins filed a motion to reconsider and argued in part

       that he was not afforded an opportunity to respond to the State’s proposed

       findings of facts. A notation at the top of Tompkins’s motion to reconsider

       states: “Granted, in part. The order entered 1-17-2018 stands, however, the

       court will consider amended proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of

       Law. The court directs counsel to have amended proposed FF/CL filed by

       April 24, 2018.” Appellant’s Appendix Volume XV at 44. On June 7, 2018,

       the court stated: “The court has reviewed it’s [sic] previous order denying post-

       conviction relief. The court denies the Motion to Re-consider.” Appellant’s

       Appendix Volume II at 60.

                                                    Discussion

[12]   Before discussing Tompkins’s allegations of error, we note the general standard

       under which we review a post-conviction court’s denial of a petition for post-

       conviction relief. The petitioner in a post-conviction proceeding bears the

       burden of establishing grounds for relief by a preponderance of the evidence.

       Fisher v. State, 810 N.E.2d 674, 679 (Ind. 2004); Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1(5).

       When appealing from the denial of post-conviction relief, the petitioner stands

       in the position of one appealing from a negative judgment. Fisher, 810 N.E.2d

       at 679. On review, we will not reverse the judgment unless the evidence as a

       whole unerringly and unmistakably leads to a conclusion opposite that reached

       by the post-conviction court. Id. “A post-conviction court’s findings and

       judgment will be reversed only upon a showing of clear error—that which
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 15 of 20
       leaves us with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made.” Id.

       In this review, we accept findings of fact unless clearly erroneous, but we

       accord no deference to conclusions of law. Id. The post-conviction court is the

       sole judge of the weight of the evidence and the credibility of witnesses. Id.

[13]   The issue is whether Tompkins was denied the effective assistance of trial

       counsel. Generally, to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel a

       petitioner must demonstrate both that his counsel’s performance was deficient

       and that the petitioner was prejudiced by the deficient performance. French v.

       State, 778 N.E.2d 816, 824 (Ind. 2002) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.

       668, 104 S. Ct. 2052 (1984), reh’g denied). A counsel’s performance is deficient

       if it falls below an objective standard of reasonableness based on prevailing

       professional norms. Id. To meet the appropriate test for prejudice, the

       petitioner must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for

       counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been

       different. Id. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine

       confidence in the outcome. Perez v. State, 748 N.E.2d 853, 854 (Ind. 2001).

       Failure to satisfy either prong will cause the claim to fail. French, 778 N.E.2d at

       824. Most ineffective assistance of counsel claims can be resolved by a

       prejudice inquiry alone. Id.

[14]   When considering a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a “strong

       presumption arises that counsel rendered adequate assistance and made all

       significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional judgment.”

       Morgan v. State, 755 N.E.2d 1070, 1072 (Ind. 2001). “[C]ounsel’s performance

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 16 of 20
       is presumed effective, and a defendant must offer strong and convincing

       evidence to overcome this presumption.” Williams v. State, 771 N.E.2d 70, 73

       (Ind. 2002). Evidence of isolated poor strategy, inexperience, or bad tactics will

       not support a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Clark v. State, 668

       N.E.2d 1206, 1211 (Ind. 1996), reh’g denied, cert. denied, 520 U.S. 1171, 117 S.

       Ct. 1438 (1997). “Reasonable strategy is not subject to judicial second

       guesses.” Burr v. State, 492 N.E.2d 306, 309 (Ind. 1986). We “will not lightly

       speculate as to what may or may not have been an advantageous trial strategy

       as counsel should be given deference in choosing a trial strategy which, at the

       time and under the circumstances, seems best.” Whitener v. State, 696 N.E.2d

       40, 42 (Ind. 1998).

[15]   Tompkins argues that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel with

       regard to the request to bar retrial pursuant to Ind. Code § 35-41-4-3. He argues

       that “[i]t seems clear from the Trial Court’s ruling on the Petition for Post-

       Conviction relief that it treated the request for a discharge as a motion to bar

       further prosecution pursuant to I.C. 35-41-4-3.” Appellant’s Brief at 12. He

       points to his trial counsel’s statement that he trusted the prosecutor and asserts

       that he “did not even inquire regarding the State’s intent or any discussion they

       had with the witness regarding the motion in limine.” Id. at 13. He contends

       that his trial counsel’s argument to the trial court suggested he believed the

       court could rule in his favor based on Rutledge’s intent, rather than the

       prosecutor’s intent, but the “plain text of Ind. Code § 35-41-4-3 makes it clear

       that is incorrect.” Id. He argues that this Court’s determination was correct in

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 17 of 20
       that the record in no way demonstrated the prosecutor’s intent to cause a

       mistrial but this was “because [his trial counsel] failed to even attempt to

       develop the appropriate record to succeed on the request.” Id. at 14.

[16]   The State maintains that the performance of Tompkins’s trial counsel was not

       deficient, points out that he successfully moved for a mistrial after Rutledge

       gave unsolicited hearsay testimony, and notes that his trial counsel also moved

       for discharge. It contends that the information contained in the record spoke

       directly to the prosecutor’s intent and that it is hardly clear what more trial

       counsel could have done to develop the record given the facts and

       circumstances before the trial court. It argues that trial counsel’s comment

       about trusting the prosecutor was part of a broader argument about whether the

       trial court should grant his request for mistrial and discharge. It also asserts that

       Tompkins cannot show prejudice.

[17]   Ind. Code § 35-41-4-3 is titled “When prosecution barred for same offense” and

       provides:

               (a) A prosecution is barred if there was a former prosecution of
               the defendant based on the same facts and for commission of the
               same offense and if:

                                                      *****

                        (2) the former prosecution was terminated after the jury
                        was impaneled and sworn or, in a trial by the court
                        without a jury, after the first witness was sworn, unless (i)
                        the defendant consented to the termination or waived, by
                        motion to dismiss or otherwise, his right to object to the
                        termination, (ii) it was physically impossible to proceed

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 18 of 20
                        with the trial in conformity with law, (iii) there was a legal
                        defect in the proceedings that would make any judgment
                        entered upon a verdict reversible as a matter of law, (iv)
                        prejudicial conduct, in or outside the courtroom, made it
                        impossible to proceed with the trial without injustice to
                        either the defendant or the state, (v) the jury was unable to
                        agree on a verdict, or (vi) false statements of a juror on
                        voir dire prevented a fair trial.

               (b) If the prosecuting authority brought about any of the
               circumstances in subdivisions (a)(2)(i) through (a)(2)(vi) of this
               section, with intent to cause termination of the trial, another
               prosecution is barred.

[18]   The record reveals that Tompkins’s trial counsel requested a motion in limine,

       which the trial court granted; requested a mistrial following Rutledge’s

       testimony that Orr called her and told her she was getting beat, which the trial

       court granted; requested a discharge; asked Rutledge if the prosecutor told her

       not to say anything about what Orr said; stated “I’d like to know, as an officer

       of the Court what [Prosecutor Solida] told” Rutledge; asked Prosecutor Solida

       if he told Rutledge that Orr was excluded and that she could not say anything

       about what Orr said; and asserted to the trial judge “after the first witness did it,

       you instructed the prosecutor to make sure no one else did it.” Petitioner’s

       Exhibit A at 178, 181. To the extent trial counsel stated that he had previously

       dealt with Prosecutor Solida and trusted him, we note his next statement:

               But I think that he had a duty to tell that witness, “Hey, you can’t
               say this”, and not think she heard it in the courtroom, but a duty
               to go and specifically say to her, “Hey, you can’t say anything
               that Mary says because it’s been limited [sic] out.” She’s not a
               lawyer. And it sounds like they didn’t do that.

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       Id. at 188. We also note that the trial court stated: “I will say this: I do not

       believe that it was the State’s intention to have that witness say that. That

       question did not call for it. She went beyond what the answer would’ve called

       for. You simply said, ‘Who called you?’” Id. at 187. We cannot say that the

       evidence as a whole unerringly and unmistakably leads to a conclusion opposite

       that reached by the post-conviction court.

[19]   For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the denial of Tompkins’s petition for post-

       conviction relief.

[20]   Affirmed.

       Altice, J., and Tavitas, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2394 | October 7, 2019   Page 20 of 20