Court Opinion

ID: 2795522
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-04-21 22:05:13.89795+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:29:14.911943
License: Public Domain

J-A03014-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

M.L.                                            IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA
                         Appellant

                    v.

S.G.

                         Appellee                   No. 1487 MDA 2014

               Appeal from the Order Entered August 6, 2014
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County
                     Civil Division at No(s): 2013-10899

BEFORE: MUNDY, J., STABILE, J., and JENKINS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MUNDY, J.:                             FILED APRIL 21, 2015

       Appellant, M.L. (Father), appeals from the August 6, 2014 custody

order granting Appellee, S.G. (Mother), primary physical custody, Father

partial physical custody, and the parties shared legal custody with respect to

their son, L.G., born out of wedlock in January of 2013. After careful review,

we affirm.

       The trial court summarized the relevant facts and procedural history as

follows.

             [On September 13, 2013, Father] filed a Complaint
             in Custody seeking primary physical and shared legal
             custody of L.G. [ ]. [Mother] filed a Counterclaim
             seeking primary physical custody of the minor child.
             Father and Mother are the biological parents of the
             aforesaid child.

             From L.G.’s date of birth through October 15,
             2013[,] there was no custody order in effect. By
             way of Father’s Special Relief Petition [filed on
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            September 26, 2013], a hearing was held on October
            15, 2013. As a result of this hearing, th[e trial
            c]ourt entered … the first custody order in this
            matter which called for shared physical custody with
            a 4/3[,] 3/4 alternating schedule of physical custody.
            The duration of this court order was only to last until
            the Custody Conference of November 5, 2013.

            An agreement on the issue of custody could not be
            reached via Conciliatory Custody Conference held on
            November 5, 2013 resulting in this matter being
            listed for trial.   The parties did enter into an
            agreement concerning holiday scheduling for
            Thanksgiving and Christmas 2013 and Easter 2014
            with the assistance of Dr. Lewis, Ph[.]D, the Custody
            Evaluator, appointed by the [trial c]ourt with no
            objection by either party….

            The custody trial commenced … on March 4, 2014[,]
            continuing with testimony and evidence being
            received over eleven days spanning1 March and April
            until concluding on May 19, 2014….
            _________________________________________
            1
              Testimony and evidence was received by th[e trial
            c]ourt on March 4, 5, 12, 13, 18, and 26; April 3, 9,
            and 19; May 7 and 19, 2014.

Trial Court Opinion, 8/6/14, at 1-2 (footnote in original).

      By order dated August 6, 2014, the trial court granted the parties

shared legal custody, Mother primary physical custody, and Father partial

physical custody on alternating weekends and every Wednesday from 2:00

p.m. until 7:00 p.m.    On August 29, 2014, Father timely filed a notice of

appeal and a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant

to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i). On September 17, 2014, the trial court issued

its Rule 1925(a) opinion discussing Father’s issues and adopting its August

6, 2014 opinion.
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        On appeal, Father presents the following issues for our review.

              1. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and/or
              [sic] an abuse of discretion in failing to hold a
              hearing on the Frye[1] motion or deciding the Frye
              motion before adopting the expert’s report and
              recommendation and rendering its decision[?]

              2. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and/or
              [sic] abuse of discretion by failing to consider the
              Frye motion and denying the opportunity to have an
              expert testify in support of the Frye motion[?]

              3. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and/or
              [sic] abuse of discretion by denying an opportunity
              to have an expert testify[?]

              4. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and/or
              [sic] an abuse of discretion by failing to do its own
              analysis and in its wholesale adopting Dr. Lewis’s
              opinion as its own opinion[?]

              5. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and/or
              [sic] an abuse of discretion in its application of the
              enumerated factors under [23 Pa.C.S.] § 5328 by:

                     a. In not consistently applying the same facts
                     to different factors;

                     b. Failing to apply the evidence and testimony;

                     c. Failing to apply current case law.

              6. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and/or
              [sic] an abuse of discretion by accepting Dr. Lewis’s
              position on “attached theory,” factor 10, when Dr.
              Lewis testified that there is no attachment problem
              and the parties stipulated that there was no
              attachment issue[?]

____________________________________________

1
    Frye v. United States, 293 F. 1013 (D.C. Cir. 1923).

                                           -3-
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Father’s Brief at i-ii.

      The scope and standard of review in custody matters is as follows.

                          [T]he appellate court is not bound by the
                    deductions or inferences made by the trial
                    court from its findings of fact, nor must the
                    reviewing court accept a finding that has no
                    competent evidence to support it…. However,
                    this broad scope of review does not vest in the
                    reviewing court the duty or the privilege of
                    making its own independent determination….
                    Thus, an appellate court is empowered to
                    determine     whether     the     trial   court’s
                    incontrovertible factual findings support its
                    factual conclusions, but it may not interfere
                    with those conclusions unless they are
                    unreasonable in view of the trial court’s factual
                    findings; and thus, represent a gross abuse of
                    discretion.

             R.M.G., Jr. v. F.M.G., 986 A.2d 1234, 1237 (Pa.
             Super. 2009) (quoting Bovard v. Baker, 775 A.2d
835, 838 (Pa. Super. 2001)). Moreover,

                           [O]n issues of credibility and weight of
                    the evidence, we defer to the findings of the
                    trial [court] who has had the opportunity to
                    observe the proceedings and demeanor of the
                    witnesses.

                           The parties cannot dictate the amount of
                    weight the trial court places on evidence.
                    Rather, the paramount concern of the trial
                    court is the best interest of the child.
                    Appellate interference is unwarranted if the
                    trial court’s consideration of the best interest
                    of the child was careful and thorough, and we
                    are unable to find any abuse of discretion.

             R.M.G., Jr., supra at 1237 (internal citations
             omitted). The test is whether the evidence of record
             supports the trial court’s conclusions. Ketterer v.
             Seifert, 902 A.2d 533, 539 (Pa. Super. 2006).

                                       -4-
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A.V. v. S.T., 87 A.3d 818, 820 (Pa. Super. 2014) (parallel citations

omitted).

         The primary concern in any custody case is the best interests of the

child.     “The best-interests standard, decided on a case-by-case basis,

considers all factors that legitimately have an effect upon the child’s

physical, intellectual, moral, and spiritual wellbeing.” Saintz v. Rinker, 902
A.2d 509, 512 (Pa. Super. 2006), citing Arnold v. Arnold, 847 A.2d 674,

677 (Pa. Super. 2004).

         Relevant to this custody case are the factors set forth in Section

5328(a) of the Child Custody Act (Act),2 which provides as follows.

              § 5328.       Factors to consider when awarding
              custody.

              (a) Factors. – In ordering any form of custody, the
              court shall determine the best interest of the child by
              considering all relevant factors, giving weighted
              consideration to those factors which affect the safety
              of the child, including the following:

                     (1) Which party is more likely to encourage
                     and permit frequent and continuing contact
                     between the child and another party.

                      (2) The present and past abuse committed by
                     a party or member of the party’s household,
                     whether there is a continued risk of harm to
                     the child or an abused party and which party
                     can    better   provide   adequate      physical
                     safeguards and supervision of the child.

____________________________________________

2
    23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 5321-5340.

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              (2.1) The information set forth in section
              5329.1(a)(1) and (2) (relating to consideration
              of child abuse and involvement with protective
              services).

              (3) The parental duties performed by each
              party on behalf of the child.

              (4) The need for stability and continuity in the
              child’s education, family life and community
              life.

              (5) The availability of extended family.

              (6) The child’s sibling relationships.

              (7) The well-reasoned preference of the child,
              based on the child’s maturity and judgment.

              (8) The attempts of a parent to turn the child
              against the other parent, except in cases of
              domestic violence where reasonable safety
              measures are necessary to protect the child
              from harm.

              (9) Which party is more likely to maintain a
              loving, stable, consistent and nurturing
              relationship with the child adequate for the
              child’s emotional needs.

              (10) Which party is more likely to attend to the
              daily physical, emotional, developmental,
              educational and special needs of the child.

              (11) The proximity of the residences of the
              parties.

              (12) Each party’s availability to care for the
              child or ability to make appropriate child-care
              arrangements.

              (13) The level of conflict between the parties
              and the willingness and ability of the parties to
              cooperate with one another. A party’s effort to
              protect a child from abuse by another party is
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                     not evidence of unwillingness or inability to
                     cooperate with that party.

                     (14) The history of drug or alcohol abuse of a
                     party or member of a party’s household.

                     (15) The mental and physical condition of a
                     party or member of a party’s household.

                     (16) Any other relevant factor.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5328(a).3

       This Court has stated that, “[a]ll of the factors listed in section

5328(a) are required to be considered by the trial court when entering a

custody order.”      J.R.M. v. J.E.A., 33 A.3d 647, 652 (Pa. Super. 2011)

(emphasis in original).

              Section 5323(d) provides that a trial court “shall
              delineate the reasons for its decision on the record in
              open court or in a written opinion or order.” 23
              Pa.C.S.A. § 5323(d). Additionally, “section 5323(d)
              requires the trial court to set forth its mandatory
              assessment of the sixteen [Section 5328 custody]
              factors prior to the deadline by which a litigant must
              file a notice of appeal.” C.B. v. J.B., 65 A.3d 946,
              955 (Pa. Super. 2013), appeal denied, 70 A.3d 808
              (Pa. 2013)….

              In expressing the reasons for its decision, “there is
              no required amount of detail for the trial court’s
              explanation; all that is required is that the
              enumerated factors are considered and that the
              custody decision is based on those considerations.”
              M.J.M. v. M.L.G., 63 A.3d 331, 336 (Pa. Super.
____________________________________________

3
  The Act was amended, effective January 1, 2014, to include the additional
factor at Section 5328(a)(2.1).

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              2013), appeal denied, 68 A.3d 909 (Pa. 2013). A
              court’s explanation of reasons for its decision, which
              adequately addresses the relevant factors, complies
              with Section 5323(d). Id.

A.V., supra at 822-823.          In this case, the trial court addressed all of the

Section 5328(a) custody factors in its opinion that accompanied the subject

order. See Trial Court Opinion, 8/6/14, at 3-14. Therefore, we may now

turn to Father’s issues raised on appeal.

       Upon review of the record, we conclude that Father’s issues on appeal

are waived for lack of a complete record. Specifically, as set forth above,

the protracted custody trial lasted eleven days, beginning on March 4, 2014,

and concluding on May 19, 2014.                The certified record before this Court

includes transcripts from the trial on March 4, 5, and 26, 2014, but

transcripts from the additional eight days of the trial are not a part of the

record. Further, the trial exhibits are not a part of the certified record. This

Court’s prothonotary contacted the trial court’s prothonotary in an attempt

to learn the whereabouts of the remaining trial transcripts. As part of this

Court’s inquiry, we spoke to the supervisor of the prothonotary/clerk of

courts. Our search proved unavailing, as the trial court’s prothonotary did

not have the transcripts.4

____________________________________________

4
   This Court made three separate inquiries of the trial court’s prothonotary
regarding the missing transcripts. We advised the prothonotary that Father
filed a reproduced record that included transcripts for the proceedings on
March 12 and 18, 2014, and portions of the transcripts for the proceedings
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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      “It is the obligation of the appellant to make sure that the record

forwarded to an appellate court contains those documents necessary to

allow a complete and judicious assessment of the issues raised on appeal.”

Hrinkevich v. Hrinkevich, 676 A.2d 237, 240 (Pa. Super. 1996) (citation

omitted); accord Kessler v. Broder, 851 A.2d 944, 950 (Pa. Super. 2004),

appeal denied, 868 A.2d 1201 (Pa. 2005). It is the appellant’s responsibility

to ensure that the necessary transcripts are included in the record. “It is not

for an appellate court to scour the dockets of the various prothonotaries to

confirm or deny allegations of any party to an appeal.” Fiore v. Oakwood

Plaza Shopping Ctr., Inc., 585 A.2d 1012, 1019 (Pa. Super. 1991);

accord Preston, supra at 7-8.                Where an appellant fails to fulfill his

obligation, “the appellate court may take such action as it deems

appropriate, which may include dismissal of the appeal.” Pa.R.A.P. 1911(d).

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

on April 9, 2014, May 7 and 19, 2014, none of which are included in the
certified record. In addition, Mother filed a supplemental reproduced record
that included transcripts for the proceedings on April 3 and 9, 2014, and May
7, 2014, which also are not a part of the certified record. Nonetheless, the
prothonotary advised this Court that Father did not request or pay for the
trial transcripts. Upon review, there is no request for transcripts by Father
in the certified record. Notably, “if a document is not in the certified record,
the Superior Court may not consider it.” Commonwealth v. Preston, 904
A.2d 1, 7 (Pa. Super. 2006) (en banc), appeal denied, 916 A.2d 637 (Pa.
2007). Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1921 provides that the
certified record consists of the “original papers and exhibits filed in the lower
court, paper copies of legal papers filed with the Prothonotary by means of
electronic filing, the transcript of proceedings, if any, and a certified copy of
the docket entries prepared by the clerk of the lower court.” Pa.R.A.P. 1921.

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       In this case, without transcripts from the entire custody trial and the

exhibits made a part of the certified record, we are unable to conduct a

proper review of the issues raised in this appeal.       Therefore, we must

conclude that the issues are waived on this basis.            See generally

Commonwealth v. O’Black, 897 A.2d 1234, 1238 (Pa. Super. 2006).5

Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s August 6, 2014 custody order.

       Order affirmed.

       Judge Jenkins joins the memorandum.

       Judge Stabile concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/21/2015

____________________________________________

5
  We note “[s]ince the Rules of Appellate Procedure apply to criminal and
civil cases alike, the principles enunciated in criminal cases construing those
rules are equally applicable in civil cases.” Lineberger v. Wyeth, 894 A.2d
141, 148 n.4 (Pa. Super. 2006), citing Kanter v. Epstein, 866 A.2d 394,
400 n.6 (Pa. Super. 2004), appeal denied, 880 A.2d 1239 (Pa. 2005), cert.
denied, Spector Gadon & Rosen, P.C. v. Kanter, 546 U.S. 1092 (2006).

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