Court Opinion

ID: 3177489
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-02-16 18:14:02.70871+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:19:46.264177
License: Public Domain

FILED 

                                                                   FEBRUARY 16,2016 

                                                                 In the Office of the Clerk of Court 

                                                               W A State Court of Appeals, Division III 

            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 

                               DIVISION THREE 

CLARENCE J. FAULKNER,                         )
                                              )         No. 33180-6-III
                       Appellant,             )
                                              )
       v.                                     )
                                              )
WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF                      )         UNPUBLISHED OPINION
CORRECTIONS,                                  )
                                              )
                       Respondent.            )

       FEARING, J. -    State prisoner Clarence Faulkner seeks penalties, attorney fees, and

costs from the Washington State Department of Corrections (DOC) for untimely delivery

of records sought in a public disclosure request. We affirm the trial court's denial of any

recovery. A prisoner must prove bad faith in a Public Records Act claim for a monetary

award. We agree with the trial court that DOC was not unreasonably dilatory and did not

act in bad faith when surrendering the records.
No. 33180-6-111
Faulkner v. DOC

                                         FACTS

       On May 9, 2013, DOC transferred prisoner Clarence Faulkner from Coyote Ridge

Corrections Center in Connell to the Monroe Correctional Complex in Monroe. DOC

policy requires that, when an offender transfers between Washington correctional

facilities, DOC will pay to ship only two boxes of the offender's personal property. The

prisoner may ship additional boxes at his or her own expense. Excess boxes remain in

the sending facility until the offender pays for shipping by a common carrier. Pursuant to

the policy, Federal Express conveyed seven boxes from the Coyote Ridge Corrections

Center to the Monroe Corrections Center on behalf of Faulkner, and Faulkner obtained a

copy of the FedEx invoice for this transfer through a public records request directed to

DOC.

       On December 9,2013, DOC transferred Clarence Faulkner again between two

prisons, this time from the Monroe Correctional Complex to the Stafford Creek

Corrections Center in Aberdeen. On February 12,2014, Faulkner arranged to ship to the

Stafford Creek Corrections Center two out of four boxes containing his additional

personal property beyond the two boxes sent at DOC expense. The first two of

Faulkner's additional boxes arrived on February 13,2014. On March 12, Faulkner

arranged to ship the last of his two boxes, which arrived on March 14. Faulkner paid

$85.33 to ship all four boxes. He prepaid $45.00 and later remitted $10.37, $9.96, $9.45,

and $10.55.

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No. 33180-6-III
Faulkner v. DOC

       In a letter dated March 23, 2014, Clarence Faulkner submitted the public records

request to DOC that is the subject of this case. The request listed four categories of

records, but only the first category is at issue in this appeal. The first category demanded:

            I am requesting the following records from DOC's Monroe
      Correctional Complex. The records are most likely available from the
      MCC [Monroe Correctional Complex] Business Office (Ms. Karen
      Looney) where the payables are batched for payment.
            1. A copy of the FedEx Invoice for the following shipments: FedEx
      System # 684667 Acct.# 1253-5111-5.
            Box I-Shipped 12FEB14 PO: FAULKNER PKG # 005437
      70178154 17 LB.
            Box 2-Shipped 12FEB14 PO: FAULKNER PKG # 005437
      70178161 20 LB.
            Box 3-Shipped 13MARI4 PO: FAULKNER PKG # 005437
      70179106 13 LB.
            Box 4-Shipped 13MAR14 PO: FAULKNER PKG # 005437
      7017???? ?? LB.
            Note: Box #4 is 1 of2 and should closely follow #3 on the invoice.
      As soon as I can uncover the exact PKG ID# for No.4 I will provide it to
      you.

              REASON FOR REQUEST: Reconcile my prepayments against the
       actual charges and verity return of over-payments.

Clerk's Papers (CP) at 76. (emphasis added). With his records request, Faulkner included

the FedEx invoice he received for his earlier shipment of seven boxes so that DOC would

be reminded of the physiognomy of a FedEx invoice.

      On April 2, 2014, Jamie Gerken, DOC public disclosure manager, acknowfedged

receipt of Clarence Faulkner's record request. On April 17, Gerken, bye-mail, asked the

Monroe Corrections Complex for copies of the F edEx invoices for the packages listed by

Clarence Faulkner. Gerken's request instructed: "Please contact me as soon as possible if

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No. 33l80-6-III
Faulkner v. DOC

I should direct my request for records to others within DOC or if you encounter any

problems or issues that may prevent you from meeting the [May 9] deadline." CP at 82.

On May 2, Dianna Polson, administrative assistant at the Monroe Corrections Complex,

responded to Gerken: "Responsive documents are attached." CP at 82.

       On May 29, 2014, DOC notified Clarence Faulkner that DOC would surrender

forty-one pages responsive to his public records request upon payment of $10.44. On

June 18, DOC sent Faulkner the forty-one pages. Nevertheless, only two of the pages

responded to the first category of Faulkner's request, and the pages constituted DOC

property forms, not FedEx invoices. In a letter dated June 20, Faulkner appealed his

records request within DOC because the delivered documents did not include the FedEx

invoices.

       In response to Clarence Faulkner's appeal, DOC headquarters entreated Monroe

Corrections Complex to search again for the FedEx invoices. Headquarters also provided

a sample invoice. On July 28, 2014, Susan Biller, with the Monroe Corrections

Complex, replied:

             I've gotten some additional information and documents from the
      mailroom. We have a FedEx machine in the mailroom that they create
      shipping labels from, they were able to input the tracking number from the
      Property disposition forms that we provided for the original public
      disclosure request. They then were able to print the attached documents,
      receipts showing the boxes were shipped and received. We do not have any
      documents that look like the example you provided.
             I've reviewed the original public disclosure request and nowhere in
      there does he request packing shipping/tracking information, he asks for
      invoices which we do not have.

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No. 33l80-6-III
Faulkner v. DOC

CP at 108. On July 28, DOC admitted to Faulkner that the two pages provided to him

were not responsive and claimed that DOC lacked records responsive to the first category

in his request.

       On August 8, 2014, Clarence Faulkner sent a second letter that again appealed the

unresponsive delivery of records to category one of his March 23 public record disclosure

request. On August 13, Sheri Izatt, a DOC public disclosure coordinator, discovered that

DOC's headquarters business office housed invoices and would likely possess the

requested FedEx invoices. DOC headquarters produced the invoices to Izatt on August

15.

                                      PROCEDURE

       On August 18, 2014, Clarence Faulkner sued DOC for violating the Public

Records Act, chapter 42.56 RCW. On August 19, DOC sent a letter to Faulkner

confirming that, after a third search, it had discovered invoices responsive to category

one of his records request. On September 25, DOC provided Faulkner with three pages

of requested FedEx invoices. The billing statements showed FedEx charged DOC $6.25,

$6.46, $6.15, and $6.49 for shipping Faulkner's boxes.

       DOC filed a motion to dismiss Clarence Faulkner's suit. In response to the

motion, the trial court dismissed Faulkner's claims with prejudice. In a letter opinion, the

trial court found:

                                             5

No. 33180-6-111
Faulkner v. DOC

               1.) The circumstances of the case involve a situation where D.O.C.
       legitimately looked for the items sought by Mr. Faulkner, but without
       success. However, once Mr. Faulkner clarified his request and gave more
       details, the items were located and provided to him,
               2.) In any event, D.O.C. did not act in bad faith.

CP at 221.

                                 LAW AND ANALYSIS

       We review public agency actions challenged under the Public Records Act de

novo. RCW 42.56.550(3); Cornu-Labat v. Hosp. Dist. No.2, 177 Wn.2d 221, 229, 298

P.3d 741 (2013). A trial court may dismiss a Public Records Act claim based solely on

affidavits. See 0 'Neill v. City ofShoreline, 170 Wn.2d 138, 153, 240 P.3d 1149 (2010).

An appellate court stands in the same position as the trial court when the trial court record

consists entirely of documentary evidence and affidavits. Cornu-Labat, 177 .Wn.2d at

229. The reviewing court is not bound by the trial court's factual findings. Cornu-Labat,

177 Wn.2d at 229. In this appeal, we review the entire record, including affidavits,

before resolving Clarence Faulkner's claim. We agree with the trial court that DOC is

not guilty of bad faith.

       Clarence Faulkner contends that DOC failed to adequately search and produce

records after he provided a detailed request and appealed two unresponsive answers.

DOC responds that its search for records was reasonable in light of Faulkner's request for

documents limiting the location for the search. His request read, in part: "I am requesting

the following records from DOC's Monroe Correctional Complex." CP at 76. We agree

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No. 33180-6-III
Faulkner v. DOC

with DOC. DOC might have, but has not, argued that it has no obligation to search

beyond one of its institutions when the public records request seeks records only from the

one institution.

       The Public Records Act is a "strongly worded mandate for broad disclosure of

public records." Hearst Corp. v. Hoppe, 90 Wn.2d 123, 127,580 P.2d 246 (1978).

Agencies must promptly disclose any requested public record unless it falls within a

specific, enumerated exemption. RCW 42.56.070(1). An agency is not required to

produce a document that does not exist. Sperr v. City ofSpokane, 123 Wn. App. 132,

133,96 P.3d 1012 (2004). To determine whether an agency search in response to a

public records request was adequate "the focus of the inquiry is not whether responsive

documents do in fact exist, but whether the search itself was adequate." Neigh. Alliance

ofSpokane County v. Spokane County, 172 Wn.2d 702, 719-20, 261 P.3d 119 (2011).

       Adequacy of a search is judged by a standard of reasonableness, that is, the search

must be reasonably calculated to uncover all relevant documents. Neigh. Alliance v.

Spokane County, 172 Wn.2d at 720. Agencies must make more than a perfunctory search

and must follow obvious leads as they are uncovered. Neigh. Alliance, 172 Wn.2d at

720. If there are additional sources for the information requested, the search should not

be limited to one or more places. Neigh. Alliance, 172 Wn.2d at 720. Nevertheless, an

agency need not search every possible place a record may conceivably be stored, only

where it is reasonably likely to be found. Neigh. Alliance, 172 Wn.2d at 720.

                                            7

No. 33180-6-II1
Faulkner v. DOC

       DOC's first search and production of records were reasonable in light of Clarence

Faulkner's request. Faulkner emphasizes his request's use of the term "invoices" and the

specific package tracking numbers. Nevertheless, the request stated that he sought the

records from DOC's Monroe Correctional Complex. DOC reasonably restricted the

scope of its search to the Monroe Correctional Complex when Faulkner limited the scope

of his request to that facility. To repeat, an agency need not search every possible place a

record may conceivably be stored. Neigh. Alliance v. Spokane County, 172 Wn.2d at 720

(2011). DOC delivered documents held at the Monroe facility closest in nature to

Faulkner's request for FedEx invoices. When Faulkner appealed, DOC agreed that the

surrendered papers were unresponsive and replied that the Monroe Correctional Complex

lacked any records blanketed by Faulkner's request.

       After Clarence Faulkner appealed DOC's first production of records, DOC

pursued the FedEx invoices from multiple employees of the Monroe Correctional

Complex, including Dianna Polson, Susan Biller, Karen Looney, and workers in the

mailroom. None found the invoices. DOC's search in the mailroom and entreaty for the

papers from multiple personnel was more than perfunctory and constituted a reasonable

search after the appeal. DOC again reasonably concluded that the Monroe facility lacked

the shipping invoices.

       Since Clarence Faulkner directed his request to the Monroe facility, DOC

performed above the standard of care by eventually searching DOC headquarters. When

                                             8

No. 33180-6-III
Faulkner v. DOC

DOC located the invoices at the headquarters' business office, DOC promptly notified

Faulkner of the discovery and punctually surrendered copies.

       In 2011, the Washington Legislature, in response to escalating public records

requests from jail inmates, amended the Public Records Act to deny relief to an inmate

unless he or she proves bad faith. The amendment, codified at RCW 42.56.565(1), reads:

              A court shall not award penalties under RCW 42.56.550(4) to a
       person who was serving a criminal sentence in a state, local, or privately
       operated correctional facility on the date the request for public records was
       made, unless the court finds that the agency acted in bad faith in denying
       the person the opportunity to inspect or copy a public record.

       Whether an agency acted in bad faith under the Public Records Act presents a

mixed question of law and fact, in that it requires the application of legal precepts, the

definition of "bad faith" to factual circumstances, and the details of the alleged Public

Records Act violation. Faulkner v. Dep 'f o/Corr., 183 Wn. App. 93, 101-02,332 P.3d

1136 (2014), review denied, 182 Wn.2d 1004 (2015). An offender does not establish bad

faith by an agency simply for making a mistake in a record search. Francis v. Dep 'f 0/

Corr., 178 Wn. App. 42, 63, 313 P.3d 457 (2013), review denied, 180 Wn.2d 1016

(2014). In one decision, this court considered DOC's conduct in spending no more than

fifteen minutes considering a request and failing to search the usual record storage

locations to constitute bad faith. Francis v. Dep 'f o/Corr., 178 Wn. App. at 42. The

efforts of DOC in responding to Clarence Faulkner'S invoice request widely diverges

from its conduct in Francis.

                                              9
No. 33180-6-III
Faulkner v. DOC

                                    CONCLUSION

      Because DOC did not engage in bad faith, we affirm the trial court and deny

Clarence Faulkner any recovery.

      A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW

2.06.040.

WE CONCUR:

7;~ag>eJ=

Siddoway, C.J.

Lawrence-Berrey, J.
                                  j

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