Court Opinion

ID: 4421295
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-07-30 19:07:03.252634+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:27:50.092256
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

                              NO. 2018-CP-00087-COA

DENNIS JOBE A/K/A DENNIS JAMES JOBE JR.                                 APPELLANT
A/K/A DENNIS JOBE JR. A/K/A DENNIS J.
JOBE JR. A/K/A DENNIS JAMES JOBE

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI, MISSISSIPPI                                        APPELLEES
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND
EARNEST LEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                        03/16/2018
TRIAL JUDGE:                             HON. MARGARET CAREY-McCRAY
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:               SUNFLOWER COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                  DENNIS JOBE (PRO SE)
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES:                  OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                         BY: DARRELL CLAYTON BAUGHN
NATURE OF THE CASE:                      CIVIL - STATE BOARDS AND AGENCIES
DISPOSITION:                             AFFIRMED AND REMANDED - 07/30/2019
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

      EN BANC.

      McDONALD, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1.   Dennis Jobe (Jobe) appeals two circuit court orders concerning his complaints of

facility conditions and deprivation of medical treatment by the Mississippi Department of

Corrections (MDOC). The Mississippi Supreme Court has held that these orders are final

and appealable and that Jobe’s appeal to this Court was timely filed. After reviewing the

circuit court opinions, we affirm them but also remand for further action given the

circumstances.

                      FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2.    Jobe is incarcerated at the Mississippi State Penitentiary where he is serving a nine-

year sentence for possession of marijuana with intent to distribute and a concurrent twenty-

year sentence for aggravated assault.

¶3.    Jobe served in the military until 1990. As a veteran, he was entitled to and received

treatment at the Veterans Administration Medical Center prior to his incarceration. He

alleges that he contracted Hepatitis-C there. Jobe contends that the Veterans Administration

will not treat him because they do not treat inmates.

       1.     Requests for Medical Treatment with Harvoni

¶4.    After Jobe’s conviction and incarceration, Harvoni, a new treatment for Hepatitis-C,

became available in 2014. When he learned about Harvoni, Jobe began requesting the

treatment. Jobe made an initial request to MDOC’s medical contractor, Health Assurance,

on May 13, 2015. It responded that it did not have the authority to make that decision and

it would refer the request to MDOC.

¶5.    After hearing nothing about the “referral,” Jobe sent his first request to MDOC for

Harvoni on October 6, 2015. From the forms in the record, it appears that MDOC had thirty

days to reply; Jobe received his response from MDOC eighty-six days later on December 27,

2015. In that response, MDOC replied: “Harvoni is not yet on our Pharmacy formulary. It

is however being evaluated by executive officials. If and when its use is approved at this

facility, we will begin arranging to evaluate eligible patients.”

¶6.    Jobe appealed this decision on January 26, 2016. He explained that the response was

late due to the holidays and because the ILAP/Legal personnel did not come to pick up the

                                              2
mail. MDOC’s response was quick this time. On January 29, it sent Jobe a letter denying

his appeal as untimely.

¶7.    Nearly eight months later, Jobe made a second request for Harvoni in an August 8,

2016 Administrative Review Process (ARP) filing. It should be noted that MDOC had not

denied Jobe the treatment previously; it merely said the Harvoni treatment was under

evaluation. Thus, Jobe initiated his request again. MDOC responded on August 15, 2016,

saying that it had received Jobe’s request but because he had made a previous request on the

matter which was closed, he could not make the request again. MDOC specifically said:

“Therefore, since this matter has already been accepted and closed, this particular request is

being returned to you and will not be processed.”

¶8.    Whether an appeal of this decision or a further request, Jobe submitted another request

on September 28, 2016. On October 3, 2016, Jobe received MDOC’s response which said

the same thing as the August 15 response, namely, that MDOC would not process any further

requests on this matter.

       2.     Judicial Review

¶9.    Within the thirty-day deadline, on October 28, 2016, Jobe began his appeal to the

Circuit Court of Sunflower County. He filed a motion in Sunflower Circuit Court for an

extension of time within which to prepare his motion for judicial review. He certified that

he had mailed a copy of this motion to MDOC’s attorneys. He then completed his motion

for judicial review, and it is undisputed that he dropped it in the prison mailbox on November

2, 2016. The clerk received it and filed it on November 9, 2016.

                                              3
¶10.   Thereafter, on November 22, 2016, MDOC filed a motion to quash the summons

based on lack of personal jurisdiction over MDOC because of improper service of process

(i.e., Jobe had failed to have the Attorney General served with process). MDOC also filed

a motion to dismiss on the same grounds. It also argued that the case was frivolous; that the

statute of limitations had expired; and that MDOC was immune from suit based on

Mississippi Code Annotated section 11-46-9 (Rev. 2012). MDOC also filed an answer to

Jobe’s petition.

¶11.   On November 25, 2016, Jobe responded to MDOC’s answer in the circuit court. In

the “Relief” request, Jobe raised for the first time that he had been deprived of outside

exercise. Thereafter, on March 14, 2017, Jobe filed a “Declaration in Support of Plaintiff’s

Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction” in which he sought

relief on the same Harvoni treatment issue but also raised for the first time MDOC’s failure

to provide him with an MRI for a back problem and being subjected to group punishment.1

¶12.   On March 16, 2018, the Sunflower County Circuit Court issued two orders. The court

denied the Motion for Temporary Restraining Order concerning medical treatment for Jobe’s

back problem, denial of exercise time, and subjection to group punishment because Jobe had

failed to exhaust his internal remedies on these issues. Because of this failure to exhaust, the

circuit court found it had no jurisdiction and denied the motion. In that same order, the court

found Jobe had exhausted his administrative remedy on the Harvoni request, but because

       1
        The record shows that on October 14, 2014, Jobe filed a medical request for a back
problem. MDOC’s medical provider responded on April 4, 2015, with an examination
showing Jobe had full range of motion but said they planned to get him an MRI. Jobe made
no further internal appeal of MDOC’s alleged failure, if any, to provide him that test.

                                               4
MDOC had taken steps to have him evaluated for Harvoni treatment, the court felt a request

for restraining order was moot.

¶13.   In a separate order concerning Jobe’s request for Harvoni, the circuit court stated:

       MDOC determined that Harvoni was not on its pharmacy formulary; but was
       being evaluated for approval at the facility and if approved, Petitioner’s
       eligibility for treatment would be evaluated. The Court cannot simply order
       that Petitioner receive Harvoni. Whether Petitioner is a candidate for
       treatment of Hepatitis C with Harvoni is a medical determination to be made
       by a gastroenterology (GI) specialist. According to MDOC's Health Service
       Administrator, Petitioner is being followed in Chronic Clinic for Hepatitis C
       with monitoring of labs and has been offered the Hepatitis A and B vaccines.
       He was last seen on February 13, 2018. MDOC’s Office of Medical
       Compliance has requested an appointment with a GI specialist who will
       determine if Petitioner is eligible for Harvoni treatment and make a
       recommendation to the MDOC Medical Director for approval.

       ....

       MDOC shall provide Petitioner and the Court an update of the GI
       specialist’s recommendation and MDOC’s final decision regarding
       Petitioner’s Hepatitis C treatment with Harvoni.

(Emphasis added).

¶14.   Jobe appealed the circuit court’s orders to this Court. The supreme court found his

appeal to be timely and also held that the circuit court orders were appealable.

¶15.   Both Jobe and MDOC filed briefs with this Court. Oddly, the State’s brief, filed on

October 26, 2018, included the results of Jobe’s medical evaluation with a Gastrointestinal

(GI) doctor on September 26, 2018. The State also reported that Jobe has had preliminary

lab work and a follow-up appointment with a GI specialist to determine the best course of

treatment. Further, additional laboratory tests the GI specialist requested have allegedly been

completed for the follow-up appointment. The State indicated that the GI specialist gave “no

                                              5
opinion” regarding liver damage or the necessity for treatment but said additional laboratory

testing results were pending. The State also said that the recommendations of the specialist

will be followed by MDOC and Centurion, the prison’s current medical contractor. Finally,

the State said that the Office of Medical Compliance has now approved every request for

Harvoni Hepatitis-C treatment received from medical specialists.

¶16.   From Jobe’s filings with this Court it is clear that he was not provided with this

critical update information. Nor has the State shown that this information has been provided

to the circuit court as ordered.

                                   STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶17.   This Court reviews a circuit court’s decision regarding an agency’s actions using the

same standard of review as trial courts. Brady v. Hollins, 192 So. 3d 1066, 1068 (¶4) (Miss.

Ct. App. 2016). We look to see whether the circuit court exceeded its authority, bearing in

mind that a rebuttable presumption exists in favor of the action of the agency, and the burden

of proof is on the party challenging the agency’s action. Id. The court examines “whether

the order of the administrative agency (1) was unsupported by substantial evidence, (2) was

arbitrary or capricious, (3) was beyond the power of the administrative agency to make, or

(4) violated some statutory or constitutional right of the aggrieved party.” Id. Whether the

circuit court has jurisdiction is a question of law and is reviewed de novo. Mangum v. Miss.

Parole Bd., 76 So. 3d 762, 765-66 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011).

       I.     The circuit court had jurisdiction to hear Jobe’s petition for
              judicial review of his Harvoni request.

¶18.   The circuit court did have jurisdiction of this issue because this was an ARP review

                                              6
and not a “regular civil filing,” and no service of process should be required. Moreover, Jobe

timely filed his appeal under the mailbox rule.

               A.     Service of Process

¶19.   The statute concerning the right of judicial review of prisoner’s requests/complaints

to MDOC, Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-5-807 (Rev. 2015), reads:

       Any offender who is aggrieved by an adverse decision rendered pursuant to
       any administrative review procedure under Sections 47-5-801 through
       47-5-807 may, within thirty (30) days after receipt of the agency's final
       decision, seek judicial review of the decision.

The statute is silent as to the procedure for seeking that judicial review, but it is clearly the

last step in the Administrative Review Procedure. It is not a “new filing” or a new lawsuit

that would require service of process on MDOC (or the Attorney General for MDOC).

Rather, as the final step in the administrative procedure outlined by the statute, no more than

notice to the MDOC of the intent to appeal should be required.

¶20.   The situation is similar to the filing of an appeal by a terminated public school teacher

or an appeal from justice to county court. The Education Employment Procedures Law,

Appeal of Final Decision, Mississippi Code Annotated section 37-9-113, also reads that an

employee aggrieved by a final decision of the school board may “seek judicial review.” The

appeal must be timely made and filed in the chancery court along with payment of the fees

specified in the statute. In such cases, no service of process on the school district is required;

all that is needed is notification to the board of the employee’s intent to appeal. Similarly,

an appeal from justice court to county or circuit court, or from a state agency to circuit court,

requires only the filing of a notice of appeal. Rules 5.02 and 5.04 of the Uniform Civil Rules

                                                7
of Circuit and County Court Practice. New service of process in the appellate court is not

required, even though trial there would be de novo.

¶21.   The separate opinion erroneously relies on three cases, McClurg v. State, 870 So. 2d

681 (Miss. Ct. App. 2004), Mansour v. Charmax Indus. Inc., 680 So. 2d 852 (Miss. 1996),

and Cratin v. Fisher, 235 So. 3d 1434 (Miss. Ct. App. 2017). McClurg is inapplicable

because there the plaintiff prisoner was filing a totally new lawsuit—an action for violation

of his constitutional right to equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. It was not

an appeal of an administrative decision, but as this Court said, “this was a regular civil suit.”

McClurg, 870 So. 2d at 682 (¶4). Accordingly, the proper parties needed to be named and

sued. Id. Analogous to McClurg would be a police brutality case or civil rights case for

denial of medical treatment. Those are original actions—“regular civil suits”—initiated in

circuit court. But Jobe’s action is not a “regular civil suit,” but the final step in the statutory

administrative review procedure. Thus, McClurg is inapplicable.

¶22.   For the same reason, application of Mansour v. Charmax Indus. Inc., 680 So. 2d 852

(Miss. 1996), is also misplaced. While Mansour does hold that a trial court acquires

jurisdiction through service of process, this is true when a “regular civil suit” is filed like the

contempt action filed by the plaintiff in Mansour. Id. at 853. Moreover, there are other ways

a court may obtain jurisdiction (for example, an appeal from a trial-level court). Again,

Jobe’s appeal is not a “regular civil suit” as was the case in Mansour. Jobe was clearly

seeking judicial review under the ARP process and not filing a new, original action. So

Mansour is inapplicable as well.

                                                8
¶23.   Cratin v. Fisher, 235 So. 3d 1434 (Miss. Ct. App. 2017), and its holding of the need

for service of process is also inapplicable to the facts here and also needs clarification to be

consistent with other precedent. In Cratin, the prisoner had made an administrative request

for recalculation of his earned time, saying that the method used by MDOC violated state

statutory law. The last denial by MDOC was issued June 15, 2016. Cratin then wrote a letter

to the commissioner which was rejected on July 20. Thereafter, on September 23, 2016,

Cratin filed a “Complaint” against MDOC in Hinds County Circuit Court. It was unclear to

the circuit court whether this was a regular civil suit or a judicial review under the ARP and

it made no determination of which it was or if it had jurisdiction. Id. at 1436 (¶5). In case

it did, the circuit court found that the MDOC policy at issue did not violate any statute and

affirmed MDOC’s decision. Id. On appeal, this Court made no determination about whether

Cratin’s filing was a regular civil suit or a judicial review under the ARP. But its holding

covered both possibilities. First, it required service of process, id. at 1436 (¶8), which would

apply if the case were a regular civil filing. Cratin had filed his pleading outside of the

county where he was housed. Therefore, the only type of case in which the Hinds County

Circuit Court would have jurisdiction would be in a new civil case.2 In such a case, service

of process would be required. Second, if considered a judicial review under the ARP, this

       2
          Because Cratin was housed in Issaquena County, any ARP appeal should have been
filed in that county, not Hinds County. Roberts v. Miss. Dep’t of Corr., 219 So. 3d 588, 591
(¶9) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015). Therefore, if Cratin’s case was an ARP appeal, the Hinds County
Circuit Court would not have jurisdiction. But it would over an original complaint because
MDOC is a state agency, and jurisdiction lies in the county in which the seat of government
is located. Moore v. Bell Chevrolet-Pontiac-Buick-GMC LLC, 864 So. 2d 939, 945 (¶23)
(Miss. 2004).

                                               9
Court found that the appeal was untimely because it was not filed within thirty days of

MDOC’s July 20, 2016 final decision. Id. at (¶9).

¶24.   It is incorrect to read Cratin to require service of process in a judicial review under

the Administrative Review Procedure when the statute itself is silent on the procedure for the

filing of an appeal. Prisoners are usually indigent and not represented by counsel in such

actions. To burden them with first having to know that service of process of an appeal is

necessary and then effecting such service of process from the confines of prison are onerous

and burdensome and amount to a denial of the prisoner’s right to access to the courts. “Civil

courts of the United States and each of the States belong to the people of this country and no

person can be denied access to those courts, either for a trial or an appeal, because he cannot

pay a fee, finance a bond, risk a penalty, or afford to hire an attorney.” Meltzer v. LeCraw,

402 U.S. 936, 956 (1971).

¶25.   The administrative procedures afforded under Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-

5-807 (Rev. 2015) give Jobe the right to appeal administratively up to and including a

judicial review by a circuit court. It does not require service of process on the Attorney

General when judicial review is sought. Thus, Jobe’s filing should not be considered a

“regular civil filing” that would require service of process. Here, MDOC had notice that

Jobe was appealing by virtue of the certificate of service on Jobe’s motion for extension of

time to appeal, filed October 28, 2016. It also filed an answer to Jobe’s motion for judicial

review, responding paragraph by paragraph. MDOC had notice which is sufficient in this

kind of case and the jurisdiction of the circuit court was not affected by any failure to serve

                                              10
process on the Attorney General.

              B.      Timeliness

¶26.   Jobe received MDOC’s denial of his last request on October 3, 2016. He mailed the

motion for judicial review of November 2, 2016. It was not received by the clerk or stamped

filed until November 9, 2016. In Maze v. Mississippi Department of Corrections, 854 So.

2d 1090, 1092 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2003), this Court extended the “prison mailbox rule” to

civil filings by pro se prisoners seeking judicial review of administrative decisions. The

supreme court agreed in Easley v. Roach, 879 So. 2d 1041 (Miss. 2004), and held that “a pro

se pleading is considered ‘filed’ when mailed by the inmate and not when it is received by

the circuit clerk.” Id. at 1042 (¶4); see also Griffin v. Epps, 58 So. 3d 1218, 1220 (¶8) (Miss.

Ct. App. 2011). Here, even MDOC agrees that Jobe dropped his motion for judicial review

in the prison mailbox on November 2, 2016, which is within the thirty-day appeal deadline.

Thus, Jobe sought his judicial review within the thirty days required by the statute, and the

circuit court had jurisdiction to consider it.

       II.    The circuit court did not err in its rulings on exhaustion of
              remedies.

¶27.   The circuit court correctly held that Jobe did not exhaust his administrative remedies

with regard to his request for treatment of his back pain, the denial of yard privileges, and

the imposition of group punishment. We have consistently held that “[a]n inmate must

exhaust all of his internal remedies with the MDOC before seeking judicial review of any

complaint.” Hearron v. Miss. Dep’t of Corr., 166 So. 3d 53, 55 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015)

(quoting Taylor v. Petrie, 41 So. 3d 724, 727-28 (¶12) (Miss. Ct. App. 2010)). Jobe did not

                                                 11
pursue his complaints about these issues, and we affirm the circuit court’s ruling refusing to

grant any relief on those matters.

       III.   The circuit court did not err in its rulings on Jobe’s Harvoni
              request.

¶28.   After correctly finding that Jobe exhausted his administrative remedies on his Harvoni

request, the circuit court proceeded to the merits of Jobe’s appeal. MDOC repeatedly told

Jobe that Harvoni was not in the roster of approved treatments but that it was being

evaluated, and, if approved, he would be evaluated. While the motion for judicial review

was pending, MDOC told the circuit court the same thing, leading the circuit court to rule:

       MDOC determined that Harvoni was not on its pharmacy formulary; but was
       being evaluated for approval at the facility and if approved, Petitioner’s
       eligibility for treatment would be evaluated. The Court cannot simply order
       that Petitioner receive Harvoni. Whether Petitioner is a candidate for treatment
       of Hepatitis C with Harvoni is a medical determination to be made by a
       gastroenterology (GI) specialist. According to MDOC’s Health Service
       Administrator, Petitioner is being followed in Chronic Clinic for Hepatitis C
       with monitoring of labs and has been offered the Hepatitis A and B vaccines.
       He was last seen on February 13, 2018. MDOC’s Office of Medical
       Compliance has requested an appointment with a GI specialist who will
       determine if Petitioner is eligible for Harvoni treatment and make a
       recommendation to the MDOC Medical Director for approval.

       Thus, Petitioner has not established that the decision of MDOC to delay his
       request for Harvoni until completion of the evaluative process is unsupported
       by substantial evidence; arbitrary or capricious; beyond the agency’s scope or
       powers; or in violation of his constitutional or statutory rights. MDOC shall
       provide Petitioner and the Court an update of the GI specialist’s
       recommendation and MDOC’s final decision regarding Petitioner’s Hepatitis
       C treatment with Harvoni.

¶29.   The circuit court did not exceed its authority and conducted the proper analysis in

reviewing Jobe’s administrative complaint. At the time the matter was reviewed by the

                                             12
circuit court (March 2018), there was evidence that MDOC was withholding Harvoni from

Jobe but not arbitrarily or capriciously. Indeed, at that time no one was being given Harvoni

(“Harvoni is not yet on our Pharmacy formulary [. . . .] It is however being evaluated by

executive officials. If and when its use is approved at this facility, we will begin arranging

to evaluate eligible patients.”).   Nor could Jobe show that he was being denied a

constitutional right to medical treatment, especially since MDOC represented to the circuit

court that it was treating Jobe’s other conditions and had requested an evaluation for him by

a GI specialist. According to the record and as noted by the circuit court, MDOC had not

made a final decision as to whether it will deny Jobe the Harvoni treatment; the court simply

ruled that MDOC’s delay was not arbitrary or capricious, beyond the agency’s scope, or in

violation of Jobe’s constitutional rights. The circuit court specifically said it was dealing

with MDOC’s response to Jobe as a “delay” in care rather than a “denial” of care, saying

“Petitioner has not established that the decision of MDOC to delay his requires for Harvoni

until completion of the evaluative process is unsupported by substantial evidence . . . .”

¶30.   Although the circuit court correctly denied Jobe’s motion concerning the delay in

MDOC’s providing treatment, it is clear that the circuit court itself viewed MDOC’s decision

as interim and anticipated the MDOC would take further action and make a final decision

about whether Jobe would be denied the Harvoni. Thus the court ordered:

       MDOC shall provide Petitioner and the Court an update of the GI specialist’s
       recommendation and MDOC’s final decision regarding Petitioner’s Hepatitis
       C treatment with Harvoni.

¶31.   Significant events have occurred since the matter was before the circuit court.

                                             13
According to the State’s brief, an initial evaluation of Jobe has been done, and the GI

specialist had “no opinion.” Also, it appears that the MDOC has now approved Harvoni and

is giving it to prisoner patients. The trial court should be given the opportunity to review this

new evidence and issue a final order.

                                       CONCLUSION

¶32.   For the above reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s orders. The Mississippi Supreme

Court held that Jobe’s appeal to this Court was timely filed and that the circuit court’s orders

were appealable.3 We hold the court did not err in holding that Jobe did not exhaust his

administrative remedies with regard to his request for treatment of his back pain, the denial

of yard privileges, and the imposition of group punishment. Nor did the court err in finding

that MDOC had not acted arbitrarily and dismissing Jobe’s complaint of delayed Harvoni

treatment. We remand the matter to the circuit court for it to receive the update of the GI

specialist’s recommendation and review MDOC’s final decision regarding Jobe’s requested

Hepatitis C treatment with Harvoni.

¶33.   AFFIRMED AND REMANDED.

     J. WILSON, P.J., LAWRENCE AND McCARTY, JJ., CONCUR.
WESTBROOKS, J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY WITHOUT SEPARATE
WRITTEN OPINION. CARLTON, P.J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN
OPINION, JOINED BY BARNES, C.J., GREENLEE, TINDELL AND C. WILSON,
JJ.

       CARLTON, P.J., DISSENTING:

¶34.   I respectfully dissent. The lead opinion acknowledges that Jobe failed to properly

       3
           Order, 2018-TS-00087-SCT, at 1-2 (Miss. July 30, 2018).

                                               14
serve MDOC when seeking judicial review of the ARP decision. Mississippi Rule of Civil

Procedure 4(d)(5) provides that service “[u]pon the State of Mississippi or any one of its

departments, officers or institutions,” such as MDOC, shall be made “by delivering a copy

of the summons and complaint to the Attorney General of the State of Mississippi.” Jobe

failed to comply with Rule 4(d)(5); therefore, the circuit court lacked jurisdiction over Jobe’s

appeal in accordance with recent precedent of this Court and Rule 4(d)(5). See Cratin v.

Fisher, 235 So. 3d 1434, 1436 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2017) (finding that the circuit court

lacked jurisdiction over the defendant’s appeal where defendant failed to serve MDOC

through the Office of the Attorney General when seeking judicial review of an ARP

decision). The lead opinion is in direct conflict with Cratin v. Fisher, this Court’s recent

precedent, and this case is not distinguishable from Cratin. “Whether the circuit court has

jurisdiction is a question of law and is reviewed de novo.” Cratin, 235 So. 3d at 1436 (¶6).

¶35.   “While pro se litigants are afforded some leniency, they ‘must be held to substantially

the same standards of litigation conduct as members of the bar.’” Sumrell v. State, 972 So.

2d 572, 574 (¶6) (Miss. 2008). In Perry v. Andy, 858 So. 2d 143, 149 (¶23) (Miss. 2003),

the supreme court held that “pro se plaintiffs must strictly comply with the requirements of

[Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure] 4(h).”

¶36.   In the present case, MDOC filed an answer, as well as a motion to quash the summons

and a motion to dismiss Jobe’s motion for judicial review pursuant to Rule 12(b). In both

motions, MDOC argued that Jobe failed to personally serve MDOC with process, and

                                              15
therefore the circuit court lacked personal jurisdiction over MDOC.4 MDOC explained that

Rule 4(d)(5) requires MDOC to be personally served through the Mississippi Office of the

Attorney General, and Jobe failed to do so. MDOC also asserted that it had not made a

general appearance in the matter.

¶37.   In McClurg v. State, 870 So. 2d 681, 681 (¶2) (Miss. Ct. App. 2004), the petitioner

filed a civil complaint against the State alleging that an amendment to a parole statute

violated his right to equal protection of the law. However, the petitioner failed to properly

name and serve the Parole Board and MDOC. Id. at 682 (¶4). In its original opinion, this

Court determined that MDOC and Parole Board “should have been made proper parties and

properly served so as to allow them to defend[,]” but this Court held that “since the Attorney

General had filed an appellate brief and would be representing the Parole Board and MDOC

in any event, . . . we should proceed to a decision on the merits of the case.” Id. The State

filed a motion for rehearing. Id. at (¶5). On rehearing, this Court held:

       In its motion for rehearing, the State correctly points out that our original
       opinion places them in a “Catch–22” position: if the Attorney General accepts
       the trial court’s order that the case is a PCR and files a brief, they thereby
       waive service of process if the appellate court rules the case is not a PCR. If
       the Attorney General ignores the lower court’s order and does not file a brief,
       thereby not waiving process, it runs the risk the appellate court will agree the

       4
        Additionally, because MDOC stated in its August 15, 2016 response that it would
not be processing Jobe’s request because his ARP grievance was closed, it appears that
MDOC’s August 15, 2016 response constituted its final decision for purposes of section 47-
5-807. A review of Jobe’s third ARP grievance, which he filed on August 9, 2016, and his
fourth ARP grievance, which he filed on September 28, 2016, reflects that in both
grievances, Jobe sought the same relief: to receive a prescription for Harvoni to treat his
Hepatitis C and to be transferred to a different regional correctional facility. MDOC’s ARP
subsequent responses, filed August 15, 2016 and September 29, 2016, respectively, are
therefore nearly identical (and understandably so).

                                             16
       case is a PCR and that a brief should have been filed.

Id. at (¶5). In its opinion on rehearing, this Court then clarified that the petitioner’s

complaint “should have been dismissed for failure to properly name and serve the actual

parties in interest, namely the Parole Board and [MDOC].” Id. at (¶6). See also Mansour

v. Charmax Indus. Inc., 680 So. 2d 852, 854 (Miss. 1996) (“A trial court can acquire

jurisdiction over an individual through service of process. In addition, a trial court can

acquire jurisdiction over the person through his appearance. Without either occurrence, the

trial court does not have jurisdiction over the person.”) (citations omitted). The supreme

court has held that “actual knowledge of a suit does not excuse proper service of process”

and that “[c]omplete absence of service of process offends due process and cannot be

waived.” Mansour, 680 So. 2d at 855.

¶38.   Due to Jobe’s failure to comply with Rule 4(d)(5), and in accordance with this Court’s

recent precedent in Cratin v. Fisher, the circuit court lacked jurisdiction over Jobe’s appeal.

In keeping with our precedent on this very issue of service of process upon MDOC, I would

vacate the circuit court’s orders entered on March 16, 2018, and I would remand to the circuit

court for dismissal for lack of jurisdiction. See Cratin, 235 So. 3d at 1437 (¶11).

     BARNES, C.J., GREENLEE, TINDELL AND C. WILSON, JJ., JOIN THIS
OPINION.

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