Court Opinion

ID: 9963994
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-26 18:08:18.111001+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:25:07.853072
License: Public Domain

[Cite as In re Pitts, 2024-Ohio-1618.]

                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                 SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                     OTTAWA COUNTY

In re Jeremiah J. Pitts                            Court of Appeals No. OT-23-012

                                                   Trial Court No. 22 MI 70

                                                   DECISION AND JUDGMENT

                                                   Decided: April 26, 2024

                                           *****
        Jeremiah Pitts, pro se

                                           *****

        MAYLE, J.

        {¶ 1} The appellant, Jeremiah J. Pitts, appeals the April 4, 2023 judgment by the

Ottawa County Court of Common Pleas that dismissed his affidavit, filed pursuant to

R.C. 2935.09(D), that sought the arrest and prosecution of another person on a felony

charge of perjury. Because the trial court failed to comply with R.C. 2935.10(A)—which

requires a court to either (1) issue an arrest warrant or (2) refer the matter to the

prosecuting attorney for investigation—we reverse and remand.
                                      I. Background

       {¶ 2} This case began with the pro se filing of an “Accusation by Affidavit to

show cause and Arrest of Prosecution” by Jeremiah J. Pitts on September 30, 2022, in the

Ottawa County Court of Common Pleas. The 20-page, single spaced document lacks any

enumerated paragraphs or clearly identified claims, in violation of Civ.R. 10(B). Based

upon the caption of Pitts’s filing, this case was interpreted as a citizen’s complaint under

R.C. 2935.09 (“Accusation by affidavit to cause arrest or prosecution”).

       {¶ 3} In his affidavit, Pitts requested that criminal charges be filed against his

former girlfriend, M.H., for “knowingly [providing] false testimony” when she testified

on behalf of the state in State v. Pitts, Ottawa County Common Pleas Court, case No.

2020-CR-014. Following a jury trial, Pitts was convicted of corrupting another with

drugs, in violation of R.C. 2925.02(A)(3) and (C)(1)(a), a felony of the second degree,

and one count of involuntary manslaughter, in violation of R.C. 2903.04(A)and (C), a

felony of the first degree. The criminal case against Pitts stemmed from the August 27,

2019 death of M.M. (hereinafter “the victim”) who died of fentanyl overdose. Pitts was

ordered to serve 10 to 15 years in prison by judgment dated June 22, 2021.1

       1
        Pitts appealed his conviction, which we affirmed in State v. Pitts, 6th Dist.
Ottawa No. OT-21-019, 2022-Ohio-643, appeal declined, 2022-Ohio-2047. Pitts filed to
reopen his appeal under App.R. 26(B), but his application was denied in State v. Pitts, 6th
Dist. Ottawa No. OT-21-019 (Jul. 19, 2022). A subsequently-filed petition for post-
conviction relief was also denied by the trial court and affirmed in State v. Pitts, 6th Dist.
Ottawa No. OT-22-052, 2023-Ohio-3545. Pitts has also appealed the trial court’s denial
of two motions which are currently pending before us: his motion for leave to file a
delayed motion for a new trial (case No. OT-24-011) and his motion to add “newly

2.
       {¶ 4} In his affidavit, Pitts claims that M.H. was the “state’s key witness” who was

offered immunity in exchange for her testimony. Pitts claims that M.H. made “false

statements” and “outright lies” under oath, which “negatively infested the legal process”

and “the decision of the trial jury.” Pitts describes, in great detail, the sequence of events

which led to, and followed, the victim’s overdose. According to Pitts, it was M.H. who

provided the victim with drugs.

       {¶ 5} Pitts seeks to have M.H. charged criminally, for committing the offense of

perjury, in violation of R.C. 2921.11, a felony of the third-degree. Attached to Pitt’s

affidavit are a number of exhibits from his criminal case, including excerpts from his

criminal transcript, a “case report” from the Port Clinton Police Department pertaining to

its “overdose death investigation” of the victim, the coroner’s report and the victim’s

death certificate, an affidavit for a search warrant and order granting said search warrant,

a hand-drawn map, and photographs of M.H.

       {¶ 6} Pitts filed an “Amended Accusation by Affidavit to Cause Arrest or

Prosecution” on March 13, which he then refiled on March 20, 2023. The amended

affidavits clarify that Pitts is seeking relief under R.C. 2935.09 and 2935.10.

       {¶ 7} Pitts also filed several motions in this case. All of them were predicated on

his claim he was “convicted on perjured testimony.”

discovered” evidence to the record (case No. OT-24-012). An underlying argument in
each of these filings was Pitts’s claim that he was “convicted on perjured testimony.”

3.
       {¶ 8} Of relevance to this appeal, Pitts filed a “motion requesting special grand

jury and special prosecutor to investigate perjured testimony” on February 24, 2023, and

refiled on March 3, 2023. In support of his motions, Pitts cited Chapter 177 of the Ohio

Revised Code (which pertains to organized criminal activity), and R.C. 2939.17 (which

concerns when a new grand jury may be summoned). Pitts argued that the current

Ottawa County Prosecutor “could never be objective in handling an investigation of this

nature [because] the State’s own witnesses are those who provided the false testimony at

the trial of the Plaintiff.” Separately, Pitts requested the appointment of a special grand

jury, consisting of “an equitable composition of the people of Ottawa County.”

       {¶ 9} On March 3, 2023, Pitts also filed a motion to unseal, and for an in-camera

inspection of, the grand jury transcripts from his criminal trial. Pitts argued that agents

working for the Ottawa County Drug Task Force interviewed M.H. while she was

hospitalized and “high” on “illegal street drugs.” The agents then presented M.H.’s

“mind altered recording” to the grand jury. Pitts argues that, given M.H.’s drug usage,

her statements were “confirmed to be unreliable” and the agents’ testimony before the

grand jury “about the interview” amounts to “false evidence.” Pitts claims that he needs

the grand jury transcripts to “further * * * justice.”

       {¶ 10} On March 30, 2023, the trial court denied all pending motions through a

series of judgment entries. In its final judgment entry, dated April 4, 2023, the trial court

dismissed the case.

4.
       {¶ 11} Pitts appealed, raising four assignments of error for our review. By order

dated July 10, 2023, we ordered his third assignment of error—alleging that the trial court

erred in refusing his request for appointed counsel and in not ordering the state to “give

[Pitts] notice [of] all proceedings”—stricken from the record. The remaining assignments

are set forth below:

              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. I: The trial court erred and abused

       its discretion in denying Appellant’s “Accusation by Affidavit to Cause

       Arrest or Prosecution,” where the Appellant complied with the

       requirements of R.C. 2935.09 and 2935.10, to which is an affidavit

       charging the offense committed and presented to a Reviewing Official, the

       Trial Court failed its obligation. [Sic]

              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. II: The Trial Court erred and

       abused its discretion in denying Appellant’s Motion requesting a Special

       Grand Jury and Special Prosecutor to Investigate Perjured Testimony

       where the Appellant brought to the attention Due Process Violations of

       Perjury in violation of R.C. 2921.11 by the State’s witnesses and the State’s

       failure to correct the error.

              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. IV: The Trial Court erred and

       abused its discretion in denying Appellant’s Motion Requesting an Order

       Permitting Inspection and Examination of Grand Jury Transcripts where

       the Appellant has shown a “particularized need” for justice, revealing the

5.
       Indictment against him was obtained by the presentation of perjured

       testimony by the State’s key witness and Investigative Agents.

                                   II. Law and Analysis

          A. The trial court erred in dismissing Pitts’s “citizen’s affidavit.”

       {¶ 12} In his first assignment of error, Pitts argues that the trial court erred in

denying him relief under R.C. 2935.09 and 2935.10.

       {¶ 13} Pursuant to R.C. 2935.09(D), a private citizen may file an affidavit alleging

a criminal offense with a reviewing official. R.C. 2935.09 provides, in relevant part,

              (A) As used in this section, “reviewing official” means a judge of a

       court of record, the prosecuting attorney or attorney charged by law with

       the prosecution of offenses in a court or before a magistrate, or a

       magistrate.

              ***

              (D) A private citizen having knowledge of the facts who seeks to

       cause an arrest or prosecution under this section may file an affidavit

       charging the offense committed with a reviewing official for the purpose of

       review to determine if a complaint should be filed by the prosecuting

       attorney. * * * A private citizen may file an affidavit charging the offense

       committed with the clerk of a court of record before or after the normal

       business hours of the reviewing officials if the clerk’s office is open at

       those times. A clerk who receives an affidavit before or after the normal

6.
       business hours of the reviewing officials shall forward it to a reviewing

       official when the reviewing official’s normal business hours resume.

       {¶ 14} It is well-established that, “R.C. 2935.09 does not mandate prosecution of

all offenses charged by affidavit.” (Quotation omitted.) State ex rel. Boylen v. Harmon,

2006-Ohio-7, ¶ 6. Rather, R.C. 2935.09 “must be read in pari materia with R.C.

2935.10, which prescribes the subsequent procedure to be followed.” Id.; State ex rel.

Dominguez v. State, 2011-Ohio-3091, ¶ 2. R.C. 2935.10 provides,

              (A) Upon the filing of an affidavit or complaint as provided by

       section 2935.09 of the Revised Code, if it charges the commission of a

       felony, such judge, clerk, or magistrate, unless the judge, clerk, or

       magistrate has reason to believe that it was not filed in good faith, or the

       claim is not meritorious, shall forthwith issue a warrant for the arrest of the

       person charged in the affidavit, and directed to a peace officer; otherwise

       the judge, clerk, or magistrate shall forthwith refer the matter to the

       prosecuting attorney * * * for investigation prior to the issuance of warrant.

       {¶ 15} Thus, if the affidavit charges a felony, R.C. 2935.10 “directs a judge who is

reviewing the affidavit to do one of two things: (1) ‘issue a warrant for the arrest of the

person charged in the affidavit’ or (2) ‘refer the matter to the prosecuting attorney * * *

for investigation prior to the issuance of [a] warrant’ if the judge ‘has reason to believe

that [the affidavit] was not filed in good faith, or the claim is not meritorious.’” State ex

rel. Brown v. Nusbaum, 2017-Ohio-9141, ¶ 12, quoting Boylen at ¶ 7; see also, In re

7.
Doogs, 2021-Ohio-3760, ¶ 6 (6th Dist.) (“R.C. 2935.10 gives the judge two options: (1)

issue an arrest warrant, or (2) if the judge has reason to believe the complaint was not

filed in good faith or is not meritorious, refer the matter to the prosecuting attorney to

investigate.”); In re Criminal Charges Against Kevin T. Groves and C. David Warren,

2016-Ohio-4739, ¶ 9 (4th Dist.) (Emphasis in original) (“[W]here a private citizen

charges a criminal offense as set forth in R.C. 2935.09(D) and the offense is a felony,

R.C. 2935.10(A) requires the judge, clerk, or magistrate to either issue a warrant for the

arrest of the person charged in the affidavit or refer the matter to the prosecuting

attorney.”); Hillman v. O’Schaughnessy, 2017-Ohio-489, ¶ 9 (10th Dist.) (Under R.C.

2935.10, “a judge has only two options in connection with his or her review of an

accusation by affidavit: He or she may issue a warrant based on the affidavit or refer the

matter to the prosecutor for investigation.”). Moreover, when a trial court refers a matter

to the prosecutor for investigation and the prosecutor elects not to file a criminal charge,

the prosecutor’s decision is not a final, appealable order of the trial court, and the trial

court cannot be compelled to enter such a final order. State ex rel. Brown at ¶ 16; see

also State ex rel. Master v. Cleveland, 75 Ohio St.3d 23, 27 (1996) (The decision not to

prosecute is “not generally subject to judicial review.”)

       {¶ 16} Here, Pitts submitted his affidavit to the Ottawa County Clerk of Courts.

The clerk filed the affidavit, assigned a case number, entered the case on the clerk’s

docket, and forwarded the affidavit to the trial judge—i.e. the “reviewing official” under

R.C. 2935.09(A). Accord Hillman v. Larrison, 2016-Ohio-666, ¶ 13 (10th Dist.)

8.
(“Appellant intended to file his affidavit with a trial court judge as the reviewing official

by filing it with the clerk of courts. The clerk of courts filed the matter and assigned it to

a judge.”); Compare Leavell v. Wilson, 2017-Ohio-1275 (6th Dist.) (Upon receiving an

affidavit pursuant to R.C. 2935.09, the clerk of courts did not err in forwarding the

affidavit to a reviewing official without filing it or assigning it a case number. Affiant

has no legal right to have clerk file-stamp and assign case number to affidavit).

       {¶ 17} Upon receiving the affidavit, the trial court was required to review it as set

forth by R.C. 2935.10(A). Hillman v. Larrison at ¶ 7. If the court had no reason to

believe that the affidavit was not filed in good faith or that the claim was not meritorious,

the court was required to issue a warrant for the arrest of M.H. Id. If, on the other hand,

the court had reason to believe that the affidavit was not filed in good faith or that the

claim was not meritorious, the judge was required to refer the matter to the prosecuting

attorney for investigation. Id.; see, e.g., Hillman v. O’Shaughnessy at ¶ 2 (After

concluding that the “multiple felonies” alleged in the affidavit had “no legal merit,” the

trial court “declined to issue a warrant * * * [and] [i]nstead * * * referred the matter to

the prosecuting attorney for investigation”).

       {¶ 18} Here, rather than issuing a warrant for the arrest of M.H. or referring the

matter to the prosecutor, the court dismissed the action, finding that “[t]here is no legal

authority” to cause the arrest or prosecution of M.H. This was error. “R.C. 2935.10 does

not provide the trial court with the third option of summarily dismissing the matter.” Id.

at ¶ 14; In re. Groves at ¶ 10 (4th Dist.) (“[P]rocedurally the reviewing official did not

9.
have * * * a third option to dismiss Appellant’s affidavit. * * * [T]he trial court should

have referred the matter to the prosecuting attorney for further investigation.”).

        {¶ 19} Because the trial court summarily dismissed Pitts’s affidavit, we must

remand the matter to the trial court to follow the procedures set forth in R.C. 2935.09 and

2935.10. Accord State v. Burns, 2019-Ohio-1141, ¶ 22 (2d Dist.) (“Since the trial court

did not have the option of summarily dismissing the matter, [the] assignment of error is

sustained.”) Pitts’s first assignment of error is found well-taken.

B. Pitts was not entitled to have a special grand jury or special prosecutor assigned
                                     to this case.

        {¶ 20} In his second assignment of error, Pitts argues that the trial court erred in

denying his motion to have a special grand jury and a special prosecutor assigned to this

case.

        {¶ 21} Pitts requested the appointment of a special prosecutor pursuant to R.C.

177.03, which provides, in part, that “the chairperson” of the organized crime

investigations commission “shall,” under certain circumstances, “request the appointment

of a special prosecutor to handle [a] matter.” In its decision, the trial court found that

Pitts, as a private citizen, lacked “standing” to request a special prosecutor under R.C.

177.03 and denied the motion.

        {¶ 22} Pitts does not challenge the trial court’s decision on appeal. Instead, he

argues that the trial court has “inherent power” to appoint a special prosecutor and that it

abused its discretion in failing to exercise its authority. But “[a]n appellant cannot

change the theory of his case and present new arguments for the first time on appeal.”

10.
Quaye v. N. Mkt. Dev. Auth., 2017-Ohio-7412, ¶ 28 (10th Dist.). Further, even if the

issue was properly before us, there is nothing to support Pitts’s claim that the trial court

abused its discretion in failing to appoint a special prosecutor.

       {¶ 23} “A common pleas court has inherent authority to appoint counsel to assist

the grand jury in criminal matters where neither the prosecuting attorney nor his duly

appointed assistant can perform these duties.” State v. Horsley, 2018-Ohio-1591, ¶ 58

(4th Dist.), citing State ex rel. Williams v. Zaleski, 12 Ohio St.3d 109, 111, (1984); see

also, In re Appointment of Special Prosecutor, 2002 WL 602744 (6th Dist. Apr. 19,

2002) (“In the absence of a statute controlling the appointment of a special prosecutor,

the trial court * * * ha[s] the inherent power to take such action.”). For example, a trial

court’s exercise of its inherent power to appoint a special prosecutor has been deemed

proper where the prosecutor’s office was under investigation, State ex rel. Thomas v.

Henderson, 123 Ohio St. 474, 478 (1931), and where the prosecutor concurred in the

request for appointment of a special prosecutor, State ex rel. Stahl v. Webster, 1933 WL

1540 (6th Dist. Oct. 24, 1933).

       {¶ 24} However, “[t]he decision whether to prosecute a criminal offense is

generally left to the discretion of the prosecutor.” United States v. Armstrong, 517 U.S.

456, 464 (1996). And, “the mere allegation by a petitioner that a crime was committed

and that the prosecutor abused her discretion in not presenting the case to the grand jury

for an indictment is insufficient to require the court to invoke its inherent power.” State

ex rel. Daugherty v. Heck, 1987 WL 19460 (9th Dist. Oct. 28, 1987).

11.
       {¶ 25} Here, the prosecutor can hardly be faulted for failing to present a case

against M.H. to the grand jury, when Pitts presented no evidence of her alleged

wrongdoing to the prosecutor. As discussed in the previous assignment of error, Pitts

could have presented his affidavit to Ottawa County’s prosecuting attorney, but he did

not. See R.C. 2935.09(A) (Defining “reviewing official” as a “judge of a court of record,

the prosecuting attorney * * * or a magistrate”). Therefore, it cannot be said that the

prosecutor abused his discretion in not presenting a case to the grand jury when there is

no indication that there was cause to do so. In the absence of such facts, there are no

grounds that would warrant the exercise of the trial court’s inherent power to appoint a

special prosecutor. Daugherty. Accordingly, we find that the trial court did not err in

refusing to exercise its inherent authority to appoint a special prosecutor upon Pitts’s

request.

       {¶ 26} As for Pitts’s request for the appointment of a special grand jury under R.C.

2939.17, that provision provides, in part, that “[w]henever the governor or general

assembly directs the attorney general to conduct any investigation or prosecution, the

court of common pleas or any judge thereof, on written request of the attorney general,

shall order a special grand jury to be summoned.” Thus, under R.C. 2939.17, a trial

court’s obligation to order a special grand jury is triggered by a written request of the

attorney general, acting under order by the governor or general assembly. The statute

simply does not authorize a common pleas court to order a special grand jury at the

request of an ordinary citizen, like Pitts. Accord Thomas v. Marshall, 1985 WL 11141,

12.
*3 (4th Dist. May 22, 1985) (Prisoner’s “criminal complaint,” seeking the investigation

of a prison official and the impaneling of a special grand jury under R.C. 2939.17 was

properly dismissed, in part, because prisoner “was not as a matter of law entitled to an

order of court below convening a special grand jury.”) On these facts, we find that the

trial court did not err in denying Pitts’s motion for a special grand jury. Accordingly,

Pitts’s second assignment of error is found not well-taken.

      C. Pitts failed to articulate a particularized need for grand jury testimony.

       {¶ 27} In his fourth assignment of error, Pitts argues that the trial court erred in

refusing to unseal the grand-jury transcript from his criminal case.

       {¶ 28} Crim.R. 6(E) protects the secrecy of grand-jury proceedings and provides

that matters occurring before the grand jury may be disclosed “only when so directed by

the court preliminary to or in connection with a judicial proceeding, or when permitted by

the court at the request of the defendant upon a showing that grounds may exist for a

motion to dismiss the indictment because of matters occurring before the grand jury.” In

addition, R.C. 2939.11 imposes upon the court reporter who records testimony before the

grand jury “an obligation of secrecy to not disclose any testimony taken or heard except

to the grand jury, prosecuting attorney, or attorney general, unless called upon in court to

make disclosures.”

13.
       {¶ 29} The Ohio Supreme Court has recognized five reasons for preserving the

secrecy of grand jury proceedings:

                (1) To prevent the escape of those whose indictment may be

       contemplated; (2) to insure the utmost freedom to the grand jury in its

       deliberations, and to prevent persons subject to indictment or their friends

       from importuning the grand jurors; (3) to prevent subornation of perjury or

       tampering with the witnesses who may testify before grand jury and later

       appear at the trial of those indicted by it; (4) to encourage free and

       untrammeled disclosures by persons who have information with respect to

       the commission of crimes; [and] (5) to protect [an] innocent accused who is

       exonerated from disclosure of the fact that he has been under investigation,

       and from the expense of standing trial where there was no probability of

       guilt.

In re Petition for Disclosure of Evidence Presented to Franklin Cty. Grand Juries in

1970, 63 Ohio St.2d 212, 219 (1980), quoting U.S. v. Rose, 215 F.2d 617, 628-629 (2d

Cir.1954).

       {¶ 30} Inspection of grand jury transcripts may be permitted where there exists a

particularized need for disclosure that outweighs the need for secrecy. State v. Graham,

2020-Ohio-6700, ¶ 25 citing State v. Greer, 66 Ohio St.2d 139, (1981), paragraph two of

the syllabus. This is true in both criminal cases and civil cases. Id. “The ‘particularized

need’ standard is a ‘highly flexible’ one that recognizes that ‘the requirements of secrecy

14.
are greater in some situations than in others.’ Desmond v. State, 2020-Ohio-181, ¶ 19

(7th Dist.) quoting United States v. Sells Eng., Inc., 463 U.S. 418, 445 (1983). “To that

end, ‘once the particularized need for the grand jury material is shown, the necessity of

preserving grand jury secrecy is lessened * * *.’” Id. quoting Greer at 150. Additionally,

“as the considerations justifying secrecy become less relevant, a party asserting a need for

grand jury transcripts will have a lesser burden in showing justification.” Id. quoting

Douglas Oil Co. of California v. Petrol Stops Northwest, 441 U.S. 211, 223 (1979).

       {¶ 31} “Determining whether a particularized need exists is a matter within the

trial court’s discretion.” State v. Lang, 2011-Ohio-4215, ¶ 41. We review a decision

denying a motion for release of grand jury transcripts under an abuse-of-discretion

standard. Wurth v. Emro Marketing Co., 125 Ohio App.3d 494, 500 (6th Dist.1998). “A

trial court will be found to have abused its discretion when its decision is contrary to law,

unreasonable, not supported by the evidence, or grossly unsound.” State v. Powell, 2019-

Ohio-4286, ¶ 48 (6th Dist.), quoting State v. Boles, 2010-Ohio-278, ¶ 16 (2d Dist.).

       {¶ 32} In this case, Pitts seeks to unseal the grand jury testimony “to prove his un-

involvement and innocence,” and to establish a case of perjury against M.H.

       {¶ 33} Regarding his substantive claims of his “un-involvement and innocence,”

Crim.R. 6(E) authorizes a criminal defendant to obtain grand jury testimony in his

criminal case “upon a showing that grounds may exist for a motion to dismiss the

indictment because of matters occurring before the grand jury.” Because Pitts’s criminal

trial has long-since resolved, the circumstances do not exist that would allow him to seek

15.
relief under the rule. That is, Pitts—in his capacity as a criminal defendant—cannot

show that “grounds may exist for a motion to dismiss the indictment * * *.” We agree

with the trial court that, “[a]t this point in time * * * nearly two years after conviction,”

Pitts’s ability to seek relief under the rule expired long ago. Accord, State v. Hopfer, 112

Ohio App.3d 521, 549 (2d Dist.1996) (Defendant’s motion, filed ten days before trial,

seeking grand jury testimony of her expert witness, for the purpose of trial preparation,

was properly denied where motion was untimely). Therefore, even if Pitts had filed the

instant motion within his criminal case, Crim.R. 6(E) does not apply on its face, given his

delay in seeking relief.

       {¶ 34} Moreover, even if Pitts’s motion was timely, he failed to articulate a

particularized need for grand jury transcripts to prove his “un-involvement and

innocence.” Pitts claims that he needs the transcripts because he “would like to [know]

what true facts were presented to support the basis of the indictment.” But, the Ohio

Supreme Court has previously found that no particularized need for grand-jury testimony

exists where it is predicated upon a defendant’s claim that his indictment was “secured

with inadequate evidence” and that unsealing the grand jury transcript would indicate

“whether [the] indictment was properly issued.” State v. Brown, 38 Ohio St.3d 305, 308

(1988). “The Ohio Supreme Court has [also] held that there was no ‘particularized need’

established in cases where there were allegations that (1) the charges were ‘elevated;’ * *

* (2) the indictment was issued on inadequate evidence; * * * or (3) the indictment was

based on ‘illegal and incompetent evidence.’” (Citing cases.) State v. Herrera, 2006-

16.
Ohio-3053, ¶ 28 (6th Dist.). Moreover, although the United States Supreme Court has

recognized particularized need in order “‘to impeach a witness, to refresh his recollection,

to test his credibility and the like,’” those circumstances do not exist here, given the

resolution of Pitts’s criminal trial. Wurth, 125 Ohio App.3d at 500 (6th Dist.1998),

quoting United States v. Procter & Gamble, 356 U.S. 677, 683 (1958).

       {¶ 35} Pitts’s alternative justification for the unsealing of the grand jury

transcript—i.e., to establish a case of perjury against M.H.—also fails. Pitts’s perjury

claim against her is predicated on her trial testimony. Pitts raises multiple, specific

allegations of perjury by M.H., with citations to the trial record. See, e.g. Appellant’s

Brief at 15 (“False statement under oath by [M.H.] are addressed and listed with exhibits

and copies of transcript page numbers in the order of the perjured statements on April 13,

2021 between Prosecutor and [M.H.] T.p. 127-197 * * *.”) Pitts appears more than

prepared to assist the state in any perjury investigation, without resort to grand jury

transcripts.

       {¶ 36} We find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding that Pitts

failed to articulate a particularized need to unseal the grand jury transcripts that

outweighs the need for continued secrecy over those proceedings. Moreover, absent a

showing of particularized need, the trial court was not obligated to examine the grand-

jury transcript before ruling on the motion. State v. Brown, 1983 WL 6945, *5 (6th Dist.

Sept. 16, 1983) (“[T]he trial court did not abuse its discretion in not conducting an in

17.
camera inspection of the grand jury testimony, since the defense failed to demonstrate the

requisite particularized need.”).

       {¶ 37} For these reasons, we find Pitts’s fourth assignment of error not well-taken.

                                      III. Conclusion

       {¶ 38} Pitts’s first assignment of error is found well-taken. The trial court—upon

receiving Pitts’s affidavit filed under R.C. 2935.09(D), seeking the arrest of another

person on a felony charge—was required to review it as set forth by R.C. 2935.10(A) and

either issue an arrest warrant or refer the matter to the prosecutor. Because the trial court

summarily dismissed the case, we must reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand the

matter to the trial court to follow the procedures set forth in R.C. 2935.10.

       {¶ 39} We find Pitts’s second and fourth assignment of error not well-taken. Pitts

is ordered to pay the costs of this matter pursuant to App.R. 24. It is further ordered that

all pending motions, including his March 28, 2024 “Motion for leave to file motion to

correct or modify pursuant to App.R. 9(E) to insert newly discovered evidence,” are

denied as moot. It is so ordered.

                                                                          Judgment reversed
                                                                              and remanded.

18.
                                                                       In re Jeremiah Pitts
                                                                      C.A. No. OT-23-012

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27.
See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.

Thomas J. Osowik, J.                           ____________________________
                                                       JUDGE
Christine E. Mayle, J.
                                               ____________________________
Myron C. Duhart, J.                                    JUDGE
CONCUR.
                                               ____________________________
                                                       JUDGE

       This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of
  Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported
       version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at:
                http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.

19.