Court Opinion

ID: 4518799
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-03-23 21:00:12.624012+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:24.594735
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                     For the First Circuit

No. 18-2228

  IN RE: THE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO
RICO, AS REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO; THE
   FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, AS
  REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE PUERTO RICO HIGHWAYS AND TRANSPORTATION
    AUTHORITY; THE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR
    PUERTO RICO, AS REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE PUERTO RICO ELECTRIC
 POWER AUTHORITY (PREPA); THE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT
   BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, AS REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE PUERTO RICO
   SALES TAX FINANCING CORPORATION, A/K/A COFINA; THE FINANCIAL
         OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, AS
     REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF THE
           GOVERNMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO,

                            Debtors.

   ATLANTIC MEDICAL CENTER, INC.; CAMUY HEALTH SERVICES, INC.;
   HOSPITAL GENERAL CASTAÑER, INC.; CIALES PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
 SERVICES, INC.; COSTA SALUD, INC.; CORPORACIÓN DE SERV. MÉDICOS
   PRIMARIOS Y PREVENCIÓN DE HATILLO, INC.; CENTRO DE SALUD DE
 LARES, INC.; CENTRO DE SALUD FAMILIAR DR. JULIO PALMIERI FERRI,
 INC.; CENTRO DE SERVICIOS PRIMARIOS DE SALUD DE PATILLAS, INC.;
            RIO GRANDE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, INC.,

                     Plaintiffs, Appellants,

    CORPORACIÓN DE SERVICIOS INTEGRALES DE SALUD DEL AREA DE
      BARRANQUITAS, COMERÍO, COROZAL, NARANJITO Y OROCOVIS,

                           Plaintiff,

                               v.

THE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, AS
       REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO,

                      Defendant, Appellee.
No. 19-1202

  IN RE: THE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO
RICO, AS REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO; THE
   FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, AS
  REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE PUERTO RICO HIGHWAYS AND TRANSPORTATION
    AUTHORITY; THE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR
    PUERTO RICO, AS REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE PUERTO RICO ELECTRIC
 POWER AUTHORITY (PREPA); THE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT
   BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, AS REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE PUERTO RICO
   SALES TAX FINANCING CORPORATION, A/K/A COFINA; THE FINANCIAL
         OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, AS
     REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF THE
           GOVERNMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO,

                            Debtors.

   ATLANTIC MEDICAL CENTER, INC.; CAMUY HEALTH SERVICES, INC.;
   HOSPITAL GENERAL CASTAÑER, INC.; CIALES PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
 SERVICES, INC.; COSTA SALUD, INC.; CORPORACIÓN DE SERV. MÉDICOS
   PRIMARIOS Y PREVENCIÓN DE HATILLO, INC.; CENTRO DE SALUD DE
 LARES, INC.; CENTRO DE SALUD FAMILIAR DR. JULIO PALMIERI FERRI,
 INC.; CENTRO DE SERVICIOS PRIMARIOS DE SALUD DE PATILLAS, INC.;
            RIO GRANDE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, INC.,

                           Plaintiffs,

    CORPORACIÓN DE SERVICIOS INTEGRALES DE SALUD DEL AREA DE
      BARRANQUITAS, COMERÍO, COROZAL, NARANJITO Y OROCOVIS,

                      Plaintiff, Appellant,

                               v.

THE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, AS
       REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO,

                      Defendant, Appellee.
             APPEALS FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                    FOR THE DISTRICT OF PUERTO RICO
            [Hon. Laura Taylor Swain,* U.S. District Judge]

                                 Before

                    Torruella, Lipez, and Thompson,
                            Circuit Judges.

     Nicole M. Bacon, with whom James L. Feldesman, Khatereh S.
Ghiladi, and Feldesman Tucker Leifer Fidell LLP were on brief, for
appellants Atlantic Medical Center, Inc.; Camuy Health Services,
Inc.; Hospital General Castañer, Inc.; Ciales Primary Health Care
Services, Inc.; Costa Salud, Inc.; Corporación de Serv. Médicos
Primarios y Prevención de Hatillo, Inc.; Centro de Salud de Lares,
Inc.; Centro de Salud Familiar Dr. Julio Palmieri Ferri, Inc.;
Centro de Servicios Primarios de Salud de Patillas, Inc.; Rio
Grande Community Health Center, Inc.
     John E. Mudd, with whom Law Offices of John E. Mudd was on
brief, for appellant Corporación de Servicios Integrales de Salud
del Area de Barranquitas, Comerío, Corozal, Naranjito y Orocovis.
     Julia D. Alonzo, with whom Timothy W. Mungovan, John E.
Roberts, Martin J. Bienenstock, Stephen L. Ratner, Mark D. Harris,
Jeffrey W. Levitan, and Proskauer Rose LLP were on brief, for
appellee The Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto
Rico, as Representative for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

                             March 23, 2020

     *   Of the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.
            Per curiam.    Appellants in these consolidated cases are

two groups of federally funded community health centers that have

been engaged in litigation for nearly two decades in an effort to

collect payments from the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico pursuant to

federal Medicaid law.       Amidst that ongoing litigation, Congress

enacted PROMESA to address the Commonwealth's financial crisis,

creating a Financial Oversight and Management Board with the

authority to commence a debt restructuring case on behalf of the

Commonwealth under Title III of the statute.           See 48 U.S.C.

§§ 2121, 2161-2177.       On May 3, 2017, the Board commenced a Title

III case.

            Appellants saw PROMESA and the Title III case as an

obstacle to their longstanding efforts to collect payments from

the Commonwealth. As a result, in late 2017, both groups of health

centers filed adversary complaints in the Title III case seeking

a declaration that their claims against the Commonwealth are "non-

dischargeable under PROMESA" (the "dischargeability claim") and

that "those claims may not otherwise be impaired in any manner"

(the "impairment claims").1     The district court later consolidated

their substantially similar complaints.

     1 The claims at issue in this case are for retroactive
Medicaid-related payments.   The health centers separately have
been engaged in litigation seeking what they refer to as
"prospective wraparound payments," but those prospective payments
are not implicated here. See Municipality of San Juan v. Puerto
Rico, 919 F.3d 565, 571 (1st Cir. 2019).

                                  - 4 -
             The Board promptly moved to dismiss the complaints.           A

magistrate    judge   heard   the   motion    and   recommended   that   the

complaints be dismissed without prejudice as unripe.          See Fed. R.

Civ. P. 12(b)(1). As an initial matter, the magistrate judge found

that "the extent of the Commonwealth's obligation, if any, for the

reimbursements demanded . . . has not been finally determined,"

given that the litigation of the reimbursements remained ongoing

outside of the Title III case. The magistrate judge also concluded

that the claims were unripe because no proposed plan of adjustment

had been filed at the time and, without a proposed plan of

adjustment, there was no way to know whether the Commonwealth would

seek to impair or discharge any of appellants' claims.

             Appellants filed various objections to the magistrate

judge's report and recommendation.          As relevant here, they argued

that the report erroneously concluded that all of their claims for

payment were still being litigated when, in fact, certain judgments

against the Commonwealth were "final and firm" and other payments

were currently due under the federal Medicaid statute.

             The district court overruled appellants' objections.

Regarding the dischargeability claim, the court explained:

             Even if certain prepetition judgments held by
             [appellants] are final, the dischargeability
             question is still unfit for review because it
             is entirely dependent on a future event that
             may never occur.     Absent the filing of a
             proposed plan of adjustment, it is unknown
             whether the Commonwealth will attempt to seek

                                    - 5 -
             discharge of any of [appellants'] claims, and
             it would be premature for this Court to issue
             a ruling at this point in the Title III
             proceedings regarding the dischargeability of
             those claims.

As for the impairment claim, the court reasoned that even if

appellants were entitled to immediate payments under the Medicaid

statute,

             their Complaints [did] not allege facts that,
             even when read in the light most favorable to
             Plaintiffs, support plausibly a conclusion
             that PROMESA has caused any impairment of or
             failure to pay the claims.

In other words, appellants' requests for declaratory relief were

not   ripe   for   review   because      there   was    no    evidence    that   the

Commonwealth would seek to discharge or impair their claims through

the Title III proceeding.          Thus, the dispositive ground for the

district     court's   dismissal    of    appellants'        complaints   was    the

absence of a proposed plan of adjustment.

             After the health centers appealed the district court's

decision     and   the   appeal     was    fully       briefed,    circumstances

materially changed.      On September 27, 2019, the Commonwealth filed

a proposed plan of adjustment.                See Title III Joint Plan of

Adjustment of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Et Al., In re Fin.

Oversight & Mgmt. Bd. for Puerto Rico, No. 17-BK-3283-LTS (D.P.R.

Sep. 27, 2019), ECF No. 8765.         Then, shortly before oral argument,

the Commonwealth filed an amended proposed plan of adjustment.

See Amended Title III Joint Plan of Adjustment of the Commonwealth

                                      - 6 -
of Puerto Rico, Et Al., In re Fin. Oversight & Mgmt. Bd. for Puerto

Rico,     No.    17-BK-3283-LTS   (D.P.R.      Feb.    28,   2020),   ECF     No.

11946.    Appellants report that the amended plan of adjustment and

its   accompanying     disclosure   statement     propose     treating      their

claims as those of general unsecured creditors, for which the Board

estimates a rate of return of approximately 3.9%.

            We    asked   the   parties   to    file    supplemental     briefs

addressing the impact of the proposed plan of adjustment on this

appeal.     All of the parties seemed to agree that the premise for

the district court's decision was the absence of a proposed plan

of adjustment, but they disagreed about how the filing of the

proposed plan affects that premise.            One group of health centers

asserted that the case is now ripe in light of the filing of the

proposed plan.       The other group of health centers renewed their

insistence that their claims for declaratory relief were ripe when

they were first filed, even in the absence of a proposed plan of

adjustment.       The Board argued that appellants' claims are still

unripe because the proposed plan of adjustment is subject to change

-- in other words, the district court was wrong, and appellants'

claims will only be ripe when there is a confirmed (as opposed to

proposed) plan of adjustment.

            Given these conflicting arguments and the fundamental

change in the facts of the case since the appeal was first filed

and briefed, the appropriate course of action is to remand to the

                                    - 7 -
district court for reconsideration of its ripeness ruling in light

of the changed circumstances and any other matters it deems

relevant.    In reaching this decision, we express no opinion on

whether the district court erred by dismissing the claims as unripe

when it did, nor do we decide whether the claims are ripe now.          We

also decline to entertain the Board's argument that even if the

impairment claim is now ripe, it must be dismissed on the merits

in light of our decision in Municipality of San Juan v. Puerto

Rico, 919 F.3d 565 (1st Cir. 2019).       That argument was never made

before the district court, nor could it have been, given that we

had not yet decided San Juan at the time of the district court's

ruling.

            Accordingly,   we   remand    to   the   district   court   for

reconsideration.   No costs are awarded.

                                  - 8 -