Court Opinion

ID: 4044509
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-28 23:36:57.283062+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:30:39.343231
License: Public Domain

ACCEPTED
                                                                   05-12-01096-CR
                                                         FIFTH COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                  DALLAS, TEXAS
                                                              3/12/2015 2:50:33 PM
                                                                        LISA MATZ
                                                                            CLERK

                                      ORAL ARGUMENT
                                        REQUESTED
                                                   FILED IN
           No. 05-12-01096-CR               5th COURT OF APPEALS
                                                DALLAS, TEXAS
                                            3/12/2015 2:50:33 PM
                  IN THE                          LISA MATZ
                                                    Clerk
          COURT OF APPEALS

FIFTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT DALLAS

   CHARLES EDWARD SIELOFF III,
                              Appellant,

                     v.

         THE STATE OF TEXAS,
                           Appellee.

 APPELLANT'S REPLY BRIEF

Appeal from the 203rd Judicial District Court
          of Dallas County, Texas

                           MELVYN CARSON BRUDER

                                516 Turley Law Center
                                6440 N. Central Expressway
                                Dallas, Texas 75206
                                214.987.3500
                                214.987.3518 FAX
                                melvyn@melvynbruderlaw.com

                           Counsel for Appellant
                                      TABLE OF CONTENTS
Index of Authorities ............................................................................................. ii

Issue One Presented for Review .......................................................................... 2

         The State’s failure to keep its commitment to not take any position with
         respect to Mr. Sieloff’s request to the Court at the time of sentencing
         that the Court order Mr. Sieloff placed on community supervision and
         that as a condition of community supervision Mr. Sieloff be ordered to
         participate in a Substance Abuse Felony Program requires reversal of
         Mr. Sieloff’s conviction and a remand of the case to allow Mr. Sieloff
         to withdraw his plea of guilty or to be re-sentenced before a different
         judge.

Supplemental Statement of Facts .......................................................................... 2

Summary of the Supplemental Argument ............................................................ 3

Supplemental Argument ....................................................................................... 5

         Conclusion ................................................................................................. 14

Prayer ................................................................................................................... 14

Certificate of Service .......................................................................................... 15

Certificate of Word Count .................................................................................. 15

                                                             -i-
                          INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
Cases:

  Bass v. State
    576 S.W.2d 400 (Tex.Crim.App.1979) ................................................ 6, 17

  Beverly v. State
     792 S.W.2d 103 (Tex.Crim.App.1990) ....................................................... 13

  Bitterman v. State
     180 S.W.3d 139 (Tex.Crim.App.2005) .............................................. 6, 7, 8

  Bowman v. State
    No. 05-13-01349-CR (Tex.App. – Dallas Feb. 10, 2015) ....................... 12

  Brechiesen v. State
     4 S.W.3d 761 (Tex.Crim.App.1999) ................................................... 11, 17

  Cole v. State
    Nos. 03-04-00067-68, 2004 Tex.App., LEXIS 11218 (Tex.App.–
    Austin Dec. 16, 2004) .............................................................................. 18

  DeJarnett v. State
    732 S.W.2d 346 (Tex.Crim.App.1987) .................................................... 13

  Ford v. State
    158 S.W.3d 488 (Tex.Crim.App.2005) .................................................... 12

  Holmes v. State
    323 S.W.3d 163 (Tex.Crim.App.2010) ............................................... 11, 17

  Kercheval v. United States
    274 U.S. 224, 47 S.Ct. 582, 71 L.Ed.2d 1009 (1927) ................................ 6

  Miller v. State
     608 S.W.2d 931 (Tex.Crim.App. [Panel Op.] 1980) ................................. 6

  Missouri v. McNeely
    569 U.S. ___, 133 S.Ct. 1552 (2013) ....................................................... 11

  Puckett v. United States
    556 U.S. 129, 129 S.Ct. 1423, 173 L.Ed 266 (2009) ................................. 7

                                                  -ii-
   Santobello v. New York
      404 U.S. 257, 92 S.Ct. 495, 30 L.Ed.2d 427 (1971) ........................ passim

   Smith v. State
     719 S.W.2d 848 (Tex.Crim.App.1987) .................................................... 13

   State v. Villarreal
      No. PD-0306-14 (Tex.Crim.App.Nov. 26, 2014) .................................... 11

   State v. Woodard
      341 S.W.3d 404 (Tex.Crim.App.2011) .................................................... 14

   Steelman v State
      93 S.W.3d 102 (Tex.Crim.App.2002) ...................................................... 14

   Torres v. State
      182 S.W.3d 899 (Tex.Crim.App.2005) .................................................... 12

   United States v. Goldfaden
     959 F.2d 1324 (5th Cir.1992) .................................................................. 10

   United States v. Hayes
     946 F.2d 230 (3rd Cir.1991) .................................................................... 10

Constitutions:

   U.S.CONST. amend. IV ................................................................................... 11

Statutes:

   TEX.CRIM.PROC.CODE art. 14.01(b) .............................................................. 13

Rules:

   FED.R.CRIM.P. 52(b) ....................................................................................... 16
   TEX.R.APP.P. 44.2(a) ................................................................ 4, 5, 11, 14, 16
   TEX.R.APP.P. 44.2(b) ........................................................................... 5, 11, 14

Miscellaneous:

   GERTRUDE STEIN, GEOGRAPHY AND PLAYS186 (Four Seas 1922) .................. 17

                                                     -iii-
                               No. 05-12-01096-CR

                                       IN THE

                              COURT OF APPEALS

                   FIFTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT DALLAS

                       CHARLES EDWARD SIELOFF III,

                                                      Appellant,

                                         v.

                            THE STATE OF TEXAS,

                                                Appellee.

                       APPELLANT'S REPLY BRIEF

                   Appeal from the 203rd Judicial District Court
                             of Dallas County, Texas

TO THE HONORABLE JUSTICES OF THE COURT OF APPEALS:

      CHARLES EDWARD SIELOFF III, Appellant, files this brief in reply to the

State’s Response Brief filed herein.
                     ISSUE ONE PRESENTED FOR REVIEW
      The State’s failure to keep its commitment to not take any position with
      respect to Mr. Sieloff’s request to the Court at the time of sentencing
      that the Court order Mr. Sieloff placed on community supervision and
      that as a condition of community supervision Mr. Sieloff be ordered to
      participate in a Substance Abuse Felony Program requires reversal of
      Mr. Sieloff’s conviction and a remand of the case to allow Mr. Sieloff
      to withdraw his plea of guilty or to be re-sentenced before a different
      judge.

                   SUPPLEMENTAL STATEMENT OF FACTS
      Prior to trial Mr. Sieloff filed a Motion to Suppress Evidence in which he

challenged inter alia the State’s “use at the trial of this case of all evidence, whether

testimonial or physical, relating to or resulting from the arrest of the Defendant and

the searches of the defendant and the defendant’s property effected by law enforce-

ment officials on . . . the ground that such arrest and searches were conducted

without warrants and without probable cause to support such arrest and searches.”

Clerk’s Record (CR) 42.

      The basis of Mr. Sieloff’s challenge to the admissibility of evidence relating

to and resulting from his arrest was the fact that he was arrested without a warrant for

a misdemeanor offense by a peace officer who did not observe Mr. Sieloff commit an

offense and that blood was forcibly drawn from Mr. Sieloff following his arrest

without a warrant authorizing that blood draw. A hearing held on Mr. Sieloff’s

Motion to Suppress Evidence would have produced the following facts: That on 20

November 2010 a vehicle fire occurred on State Highway 183 in Irving; that

following the arrival of a fire truck at the scene of the vehicle fire, a motor vehicle

                                           -2-
accident occurred; that Irving police Officer Huckaby arrived at the scene in response

to the vehicle fire, learned of the two-vehicle accident that had taken place, was

informed that a gray 2009 Honda Accord with extensive front-end damage had been

involved in the accident and had left the scene; that Officer Huckaby then left the

scene and located the Honda, which was being driven by Mr. Sieloff, and stopped it;

that Officer Huckaby contacted Mr. Sieloff and suspected him of being intoxicated;

that after performing the standardized field sobriety tests on Mr. Sieloff, Officer

Huckaby arrested Mr. Sieloff for driving while intoxicated; that at the time he stopped

the vehicle being driven by Mr. Sieloff and at the time he arrested Mr. Sieloff Officer

Huckaby did not have or know of a warrant authorizing Mr. Sieloff’s arrest; that at

the time he stopped the vehicle being driven by Mr. Sieloff he did not have or know

of a warrant authorizing a seizure and search of that vehicle; that Officer Huckaby

learned Mr. Sieloff had “a conviction for DWI 3d or more” and that following his

arrest Mr. Sieloff “was transported to the Baylor Medical Center of Irving for a

mandatory blood draw;” that blood was drawn from Mr. Sieloff at the Baylor Medical

Center of Irving without a warrant authorizing that blood draw; and that an analysis

of the blood drawn from Mr. Sieloff showed an alcohol concentration greater than

0.08.”[1]

              SUMMARY OF THE SUPPLEMENTAL ARGUMENT
       A plea bargain that rests in any significant degree on a promise or agreement

of the prosecutor, so that it can be said to be a part of the inducement or consideration

for the plea, must be scrupulously honored. If a prosecutor fails to honor his part of

                                           -3-
a plea bargain, the plea violates due process of law as guaranteed by the Fourteenth

Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

      The failure of the prosecutor in this case to honor his agreement not to take a

position with respect to Mr. Sieloff’s request to the Court at the time of sentencing

for community supervision and for the imposition of a condition that Mr. Sieloff be

required to participate in the Substance Abuse Felony Program was error under

Santobello.[2] Because of the nature of the error, Santobello prescribes as the only

remedy that the accused’s conviction be set aside and that the case be remanded for

a determination of whether to enforce the plea bargain or to permit the accused to

withdraw his plea. The denial to a guilty-pleading accused of the benefit of his

bargain is a constitutional error. The harm analysis applicable in this case is set out

in TEX.R.APP.P. 44.2(a) because the error unquestionably contributed to Mr. Seiloff’s

conviction, inasmuch as his conviction was predicated upon a plea of guilty, and to

his sentence.

      The record demonstrates that on 2 September 2011 Mr. Sieloff requested that

the case be rescheduled to 1 December 2011for the purpose of hearing his Motion to

Suppress Evidence, that on 1 December 2011 the case was rescheduled to 21

December 2011, at which time it was rescheduled to 26 January 2012 for an “open

plea of guilty.” There is evidence in the record tending to establish that during late

2011 Mr. Sieloff clearly sought to suppress his arrest and the fruits of that arrest but

later gave up those efforts and agreed to plead guilty to the offense charged.[3]

      Mr. Sieloff suffered harm as a result of the prosecutor’s breach of the plea

                                          -4-
bargain agreement in that Mr. Sieloff surrendered his right to challenge the validity

of his warrantless arrest and his right to challenge the validity of the warrantless

search for and seizure of the blood taken from him in return for the unkept promise

of the prosecutor. The challenges to the validity of Mr. Sieloff’s warrantless arrest

and to the warrantless draw of his blood could (and should) have resulted in the

suppression of Mr. Sieloff’s arrest and/or in the suppression of the blood draw. The

rulings on those issues would have impacted Mr. Sieloff’s decision whether to plead

guilty or proceed to trial.

                              THE STATE’S ARGUMENTS
      The State presents three arguments to counter Mr. Sieloff’s Santobello claim.

First, the State argues that Mr. Sieloff waived his right to present the claim on

appeal.[4] Second, the State argues that the record fails to show the existence of the

agreement claimed by Mr. Sieloff, and, if there was such an agreement, that the

agreement was breached.[5] Finally, the State asserts the error is reviewable under

TEX.R.APP.P. 44.2(b) and that the error, if any, was harmless.[6]

                          SUPPLEMENTAL ARGUMENT
                                      I. Waiver

      When the State and a defendant enter into a plea bargain that calls for the

defendant to plead guilty and the defendant fulfills his part of the bargain, the State

is obligated to scrupulously honor its part of the bargain. Any failure to do so renders

the defendant’s plea of guilty involuntary because, as stated in Santobello, “a plea of

guilty must be attended by safeguards to insure” that any “promise or inducement of

                                          -5-
the prosecutor” related to the plea is fulfilled. Santobello, supra, 404 U.S. at 262.

This conclusion is predicated on the premise that a plea of guilty must be voluntary

and knowing. A plea that is induced by an unkept promise of a prosecutor cannot be

voluntary and knowing because the plea and its concomitant waivers of fundamental

constitutional rights have, as a matter of law, been unfairly obtained. Santobello,

supra, 404 U.S. at 261; 404 U.S. at 264-67 (Douglas, J., concurring).

      The remedy for a violation of Santobello is to remand the case for further

consideration of whether to order specific performance of the agreement on the plea

or to permit the defendant to withdraw his plea. Santobello, supra, 404 U.S. at 262-

63. Harm is simply not relevant. As stated by Mr. Justice Douglas in his concurring

opinion in Santobello, a plea of guilty that is unfairly obtained must be vacated

irrespective of “any question of guilt or innocence.” Santobello, supra, 404 U.S. at

265 (Douglas, J., concurring) (quoting from Kercheval v. United States, 274 U.S. 220,

224, 47 S.Ct. 582, 71 L.Ed 1009 (1927). Santobello error is harmful as a matter of

law. See Miller v. State, 608 S.W.2d 931, 932 (Tex.Crim.App. [Panel Op.] 1980), and

Bass v. State, 576 S.W.2d 400 (Tex.Crim.App.1979).

      With respect to whether Mr. Sieloff preserved the Santobello issue for review,

the applicable rule in Texas is set out in Bitterman v. State, 180 S.W.3d 139 (Tex.

Crim.App.2005). In that case the court of appeals held that Bitterman did not

preserve Santobello issues for review because he failed to object at the time the error

occurred. The Court of Criminal Appeals concluded that in cases where a defendant

has waived all his fundamental constitutional rights and entered a plea of guilty in

                                          -6-
exchange for a promise by the State, an accused need not make a contemporaneous

objection to the error so long as he includes the error in a motion for new trial.

       . . . Based upon the underlying constitutional due process principles
       involved when a defendant agrees to plea guilty in return for a promise
       by the State, as well as upon a long history of Texas cases supporting a
       defendant’s right to withdraw a plea once the State has violated the plea
       bargain, we hold that Appellant properly preserved the issue of the plea
       bargain breach by bringing it to the trial court’s attention as soon as the
       error could be cured, in a motion for new trial.

Bitterman v. State, supra, 130 S.W.3d at 144. Mr. Sieloff did precisely what

Bitterman did - included his claim of Santobello error in a timely filed motion for new

trial. The issue was therefore properly preserved for appellate review.

       The State’s reliance on Puckett v. United States[7] is misplaced. That case

involved a forfeited claim, i.e., one not raised in the trial court, and the decision

turned on whether Puckett’s claim was cognizable on appeal under the plain-error

rule.[8] The Supreme Court concluded that Puckett had forfeited his claim, but that

his claim was reviewable under the plain-error rule. Puckett does not apply in this

case for several reasons. First, Puckett involved issues raised under the federal rules,

not state rules, and its holding was not bottomed on the Fourteenth Amendment.

Second, unlike Puckett, Mr. Sieloff did not forfeit his claim because he raised it in a

timely filed motion for new trial, consistent with the requirement of Bitterman.[9]

And, to the extent that Mr. Sieloff is obliged to show harm, he has done so, as set

forth in the third part of this brief.[10]

                                       CONCLUSION

       The prosecutor breached an agreement made with Mr. Sieloff that induced Mr.

                                             -7-
Sieloff to give up his right to challenge his arrest and the warrantless seizure of his

blood. That breach was included in a timely-filed motion for new trial which the trial

court overruled. Mr. Sieloff is entitled, under Bitterman, to have the Santobello issue

resolved on its merits by this Court.[11] For the reasons set forth in the Appellant’s

Brief filed in this case, this Court should reverse Mr. Sieloff’s conviction and

sentence, an should remand the case for further proceedings.

                                      II. Merits

      The agreement in question called for the State to refrain from taking “any

position with respect to Mr. Sieloff’s request to the Court at the time of sentencing

that the Court order Mr. Sieloff placed on community supervision and that as a

condition of community supervision Mr. Sieloff be placed in a Substance Abuse

Felony Program” in return for Mr. Sieloff “giving up his right to proceed on the

Motion to Suppress Evidence that he filed prior to trial in this case” and Mr. Sieloff

pleading guilty to the offense charged in the indictment. Motion for New Trial. CR

58; State’s Response Brief 18. The affidavit filed in support of the Motion for New

Trial recited inter alia that the prosecutor and Mr. Sieloff’s trial counsel “reached an

agreement whereby Mr. Sieloff agreed to plead guilty to the offense charged in the

indictment in this case and Mr. Sieloff agreed to forego pursuing his rights under his

Motion to Suppress Evidence, which was scheduled for a hearing, in return for the

State not making any statement at the punishment or sentencing hearing relating to

Mr. Sieloff’s request for community supervision and Mr. Sieloff’s request for the trial

court to order him to SAFP.” Motion for New Trial, CR 62; State’s Response Brief

                                          -8-
18.

      At the conclusion of Mr. Sieloff’s sentencing hearing, the prosecutor waived

his right to make an opening statement. RR 19. Mr. Sieloff’s counsel then argued

that the trial court should place Mr. Sieloff on community supervision and impose as

a condition of community supervision that he be ordered to attend either SAFP or the

Wilmer treatment facility.[12] RR 19-21. The prosecutor then replied with the

following:

            He’s had numerous DWIs. It’s obvious he’s had treatment. He’s
      had pen time. There just comes a point where, if you are going to
      consider any kind of treatment, it needs to be something like SAFP
      along with probation or, in the alternative, a prison sentence will also
      keep him off the streets and sober for the next several years.

RR 21 (emphasis added).

      It is the highlighted portion of the prosecutor’s closing argument about which

complaint is made in this case. The State argues that “a close and accurate reading

of the . . . complained of comments reveals that the State did not contend that

Appellant should receive a prison sentence” and thus the record does not show any

violation of the agreement in question. State’s Response Brief 18. The State

characterizes the objectionable comment as “an editorial-type comment, not an

assertion that the trial court should not place Appellant on probation and order

Appellant to attend SAFP.” Id. at 19.

      The agreement called for the prosecutor to not take “any position with respect

to Mr. Sieloff’s request to the Court at the time of sentencing that the Court order Mr.

Sieloff placed on community supervision and that as a condition of community

                                          -9-
supervision Mr. Sieloff be placed in a Substance Abuse Felony Program.” In

response to Mr. Sieloff’s request for community supervision and treatment in SAFP

or Wilmer, the prosecutor’s suggested “alternative” treatment that a prison sentence

will also keep him off the streets and sober for the next several years cannot

seriously be said to comply with the spirit or the letter of the agreement that the

prosecutor not take any position with respect to a request for community supervision

and for SAFP. However the State chooses to characterize the statement, the statement

clearly conveyed to the trial court that the prosecutor considered “a prison sentence”

to be a viable alternative to community supervision that would keep Mr. Sieloff off

the streets and sober. That is the antithesis of what the prosecutor promised to do -

to make no statement in opposition to Mr. Sieloff’s request for community

supervision. See United States v. Goldfaden, 959 F.2d 1324 (5th Cir.1992) and

United States v. Hayes, 946 F.2d 230 (3rd Cir.1991), each holding that the govern-

ment’s agreement not to make any sentencing recommendation was violated when

government advocated use of certain sentencing guideline levels. Like Gertrude

Stein’s rose,[13] “do not take a position with respect to Mr. Sieloff’s request for

community supervision” means just that - do not take a position with respect to Mr.

Sieloff’s request for community supervision; it does not include suggesting to the trial

court an alternative sentence of imprisonment. Given the prosecutor’s promise, the

statement recommending imprisonment is, quite simply, a statement that never should

have been made.

                                          -10-
                                          III. Harm

      Although we believe that violations of Santobello require reversal and remand

without a showing of harm, Mr. Sieloff was unquestionably harmed by the prosecu-

tor’s improper comment in this case.[14] That harm is based on the value of what he

surrendered in return for the prosecutor’s promise.[15]

      We disagree with the State that the harm analysis in this case should be

conducted pursuant to Rule 44.2(b)[16] and contend that the harm analysis applicable

in this case is the one contained in Rule 44.2(a). It cannot be disputed that the

Santobello error in this case contributed directly to the conviction and to the sentence

imposed in this case. But for the prosecutor’s promise, Mr. Sieloff would not have

pleaded guilty, upon which his conviction is based. Moreover, the sentence imposed

upon Mr. Sieloff occurred after the Santobello error occurred. See Holmes v. State,

323 S.W.3d 163, 173-74 (Tex.Crim.App.2010), and Brecheisen v. State, 4 S.W.3d

761, 764-65 (Tex.Crim.App.1999), holding that error which contributes to an

accused’s decision to plead guilty falls under Rule 44.2(a). Under these circum-

stances, and given the nature of Santobello error, this case must be reviewed under

Rule 44.2(a).

      However, in either event - whether Rule 44.2(a) or 44.2(b) is applied, Mr.

Sieloff suffered harm that renders the error harmful.

                       A. The Seizure Of Mr. Sieloff’s Blood

      Mr. Sieloff gave up his right to challenge the warrantless seizure of his blood

as part of the bargain in question.[17]

                                             -11-
      In 2013 the Supreme Court declared that the warrantless seizures of blood from

DWI arrestees violated the Fourth Amendment. Missouri v. McNeely, 569 U.S. ___,

133 S.Ct. 1552 (2013). That is precisely what occurred in this case. There can be no

doubt that had Ms. Sieloff challenged the warrantless seizure of his blood in this case,

the challenge would ultimately have been sustained by the trial court following a

motion to suppress hearing, State v. Villarreal, No. PD-0306-14 (Tex.Crim.App. Nov.

26, 2014, mot.reh.granted), or sustained on appeal. Bowman v. State, No. 05-13-

01349-CR (Tex.App. – Dallas Feb. 10, 2015) slip.op. 10-16.

      The suppression of the blood test and its results would have impacted Mr.

Sieloff’s decision to plead guilty or not guilty, particularly in light of the State’s

inclusion in the indictment of an allegation that Mr. Sieloff’s alcohol level exceeded

0.08. CR 9.

      By foregoing his right to proceed on his motion to suppress in return for the

prosecutor’s promise not to oppose his request for community supervision, Mr.

Sieloff suffered demonstrable harm that affected his decision to plead guilty and thus

directly impacted his conviction.

                               B. Mr. Sieloff’s Arrest

      Mr. Sieloff was arrested without a warrant by a police officer following the

warrantless stop of his vehicle.     Thus the State bore the burden of proving the

reasonableness of the stop and the arrest. Torres v. State, 182 S.W.3d 899, 902

(Tex.Crim.App.2005).

                                           I.

                                          -12-
                                 No Probable Cause

      Officer Huckaby stopped the vehicle driven by Mr. Sieloff without obtaining

or knowing about a warrant authorizing that stop. The record does not reveal that

Officer Huckaby observed Mr. Sieloff commit any offense for which he was

authorized to make a warrantless stop of Mr. Sieloff’s vehicle.

      Probable cause to believe an offense has been or is being committed and for

which a citizen’s freedom of action can be interrupted by a police officer must be

based on facts, not conclusions or opinions. Torres v. State, supra, 182 S.W.3d at

903 (citing Ford v. State, 158 S.W.3d 488, 493-94 (Tex.Crim.App.2005). There are

no facts apparent in the record upon which Officer Huckaby could have reasonably

relied to conclude that Mr. Sieloff had committed or was committing an offense for

which Officer Huckaby was authorized to make a warrantless stop of Mr. Sieloff’s

car. Based on the facts known to Mr. Sieloff at the time he filed his Motion to

Suppress Evidence and at the time he surrendered his right to proceed on that motion

the State could not have carried its burden to show that there was probable cause and

facts to show an exception to the requirement of a warrant.

      The suppression of the arrest of Mr. Sieloff would have emasculated the State’s

ability to prosecute him in this case. The suppression of the arrest of Mr. Sieloff and

all evidence obtained as a result of that arrest would have left the State with no

evidence to establish the elements of the offense. Thus, foregoing his right to

proceed on the motion to suppress evidence was harmful to Mr. Sieloff.

                                         -13-
                                          II.

                      Strict Compliance with Article 14.01(b)

      The right of a peace officer to make a warrantless arrest for a misdemeanor in

Texas is limited to one of the statutory exceptions. Beverly v State, 792 S.W.2d 103,

104-105 (Tex.Crim.App.1990). Because of the constitutional protections they

provide, those statutes are strictly construed. DeJarnett v. State, 732 S.W.2d 346, 349

(Tex.Crim.App.1987 ). Warrantless arrests may occur in Texas only in the most

limited of circumstances upon a showing of probable cause and the existence of

circumstances which made the procuring of a warrant impracticable. Smith v. State,

719 S.W.2d 848, 851-52 (Tex.Crim.App.1987).

      Article 14.01(b) permits warrantless arrests for offenses committed in an

officer’s presence or within his view. An offense is deemed to have occurred within

the presence or view of an officer when any of his senses afford him an awareness of

its occurrence. Steelman v. State, 93 S.W.3d 102, 107-108 (Tex.Crim.App.2002).

If an arrest for driving while intoxicated is made without a warrant and the offense

was not committed in the presence or view of any peace officer, the arrest cannot be

justified under article 14.01(b). Torres v. State, supra.

      Under the facts known to Mr. Sieloff at the time he waived his right to urge his

Motion to Suppress Evidence, Officer Huckaby’s arrest of Mr. Sieloff for driving

while intoxicated was unlawful because the officer was not aware that Mr. Sieloff had

committed or was committing any offense. Accordingly, he was not authorized to

arrest Mr. Sieloff for driving while intoxicated without a warrant.

                                         -14-
                                   CONCLUSION

      For each of the foregoing reasons, had Mr. Sieloff urged his motion to suppress

he would have prevailed, which would have impacted the State’s ability to prosecute

him in this case. Surrendering the right to proceed on the motion to suppress

evidence was therefore a valuable right which demonstrates harm, within the meaning

of Rule 44.2(a) or (b).

                                      PRAYER
      For the reasons stated above and in his Appellant’s Brief, Mr. Sieloff prays that

this Court reverse his conviction and sentence and remand the case for further

proceedings.

                                                Respectfully submitted,

                                                /s/   Melvyn Carson Bruder

                                                MELVYN CARSON BRUDER

                                                       Texas State Bar No. 03241000
                                                       516 Turley Law Center
                                                       6440 N. Central Expressway
                                                       Dallas, Texas 75206
                                                       214.987.3500
                                                       214.987.3518 FAX
                                                       melvyn@melvynbruderlaw.com

                                                Counsel for Appellant

                                         -15-
                           CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

        I certify that on 12 March 2015 I served a true and correct copy of the
foregoing brief upon Michael Casillas, who is counsel of record for the State of Texas
in this case, via first class United States mail, postage prepaid, in Dallas, Texas, at the
Frank Crowley Courts Building, 133 N. Riverfront Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75207.

                                                   /s/   Melvyn Carson Bruder

                                                         MELVYN CARSON BRUDER

                        CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

             I certify that this petition contains 5368 words based on the word count of the
Word Perfect X5 program used to prepare the petition.
                                                   /s/   Melvyn Carson Bruder

                                                         MELVYN CARSON BRUDER

                                      ENDNOTES

[1]    These facts appear in an Affidavit for Arrest Warrant or Capias, CR 6, and in
       the Pre/Post Sentence Investigation Report. CR 5

[2]    Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257, 92 S.Ct. 495, 30 L.Ed.2d 427 (1971).

[3]    Mr. Sieloff has recently requested that the documents supporting these
       allegations of fact, commonly referred to as “pass slips,” be made a part of the
       record of this case either by judicial notice, as provided in TEX.R.EVID. 201
       or by supplementation of the record in this case, as permitted by Tex.R.App.P.
       34.5(c).

       Additionally, Mr. Sieloff testified that he was aware of the “issues relating to
       the stop of [his] vehicle [and the] suppression of the blood draw in [this] case”
       but that did not want to have a hearing on the motion to suppress. RR 9.

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[4]   State’s Response Brief, Sieloff v. State, No. 05-14-01300-CR (Tex.App. –
      Dallas filed March 2, 2015, 10-17 (hereafter “State’s Response Brief”).

[5]   Id. at 17-20.

[6]   Id. at 20-23.

[7]   556 U.S. 129, 129 S.Ct. 1423, 173 L.Ed.2d 266 (2009). We suggest to the
      Court that the State’s citation to Puckett as appearing in volume 566 of the
      United States Reports is erroneous.

[8]   FED.R.CRIM.P. 52(b). “A plain error that affects substantial rights may be
      considered even though it was not brought to the court’s attention.”

[9]   In its brief the State relies on cases supporting the proposition that “[w]hen an
      appellant has denied the trial court any opportunity to rule on the complaint
      advanced later on appeal by having filed to advance that complaint below,
      nothing exists to the appellate court to review relative to that complaint
      because there is no ruling from the trial court to assess.” State’s Response
      Brief 12 (emphasis added). That argument fails to take into account the
      assertion of an issue in a timely-filed motion for new trial which indeed affords
      the trial court with an opportunity to review the complaint and furnishes the
      appellate court a basis on which to review the trial court’s action, viz.,
      overruling the motion for new trial.

[10] The harm analysis applicable in this case is the one set out in TEX.R.APP.P.
     44.2(a) - “If the appellate record in a criminal case reveals constitutional error
     that is subject to harmless error review, the court of appeals must reverse a
     judgment of conviction or punishment unless the court determines beyond a
     reasonable doubt that the error did not contribute to the conviction or
     punishment.” See Holmes v. State, supra, 323 S.W.3d at 173-74, and
     Brecheisen v. State, supra, 4 S.W.3d at 764-65 (error is not harmless if it
     contributes the defendant’s conviction or punishment).

[11] The State inexplicably includes in its brief the statement that Alex Zocchi, who
     represented State at Mr. Sieloff’s trial, “passed away in October 2012,” State’s
     Response Brief 2 n.2 - a fact not contained in the record in this case. In order
     to avoid any inference by the State that Mr. Sieloff was somehow “sandbag-
     ging” either the trial court or the State by raising the Santobello issue, it should
     be noted that the motion for new trial was filed on 23 May 2012, CR 58, almost
     five months before Mr. Zocchi’s death on 20 October 2012. By the time of Mr.
     Zocchi’s death no affidavit had been executed by Mr. Zocchi and filed in this
     case contravening the allegations made in the motion for new trial, and the
     motion for new trial had already been overruled. That Mr. Zocchi is not

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      available to testify in the event this Court reverses Mr. Sieloff’s conviction and
      sentence is not properly before the Court, nor would his absence be relevant
      upon a remand given that neither of the alternatives under Santobello - specific
      performance or withdrawal of the plea - contemplate or require the presence
      of the prosecutor who represented the State at trial.

[12] See RR 12, 20.

[13] “A rose is a rose is a rose.” GERTRUDE STEIN, GEOGRAPHY AND PLAYS 186
     (Four Seas 1922).

[14] See pp. 5-6, supra.

[15] The State has elected to limit its discussion of harm to the sentence imposed
     on Mr. Sieloff, arguing that because there is nothing in the record to show that
     the trial court’s decision to impose a ten-year sentence was based on what the
     prosecutor said no harm is shown. State’s Response Brief 21-23. No such
     showing of harm is required under Santobello because the question of whether
     the trial court was influenced by the prosecutor’s recommendation is irrelevant.
     “The sentencing judge . . . stated that the prosecutor’s recommendation did not
     influence him and we have no reason to doubt that. Nevertheless, we conclude
     that the interests of justice and appropriate recognition of the duties of the
     prosecution in relation to promises made in the negotiation of pleas of guilty
     will best be served by remanding the case . . . for further consideration.”
     Santobello, supra, 404 U.S. at 262-63. See also Bass v. State, supra, where the
     court observed that the question “is not what the judge did . . . but what went
     on between the prosecutor and the appellant.” Bass v. State, supra, 576
     S.W.2d at 401.

[16] Cole v. State, Nos. 03-04-00067-68, 2004 Tex.App., LEXIS 11218, at *7-8
     (Tex.App. – Austin December 16, 2004, no pet.)(not designated for publica-
     tion), on which the State relies, is inapposite. Cole did not involve Santobello
     error. As explained in Cole, “no plea bargain existed.” Therefore, because no
     Santobello issue was presented the appropriate harm analysis was that provided
     by Rule 44.2(b).

[17] As previously discussed, Mr. Sieloff was arrested without a warrant and then
     taken to a hospital where a blood was drawn from him without a warrant
     having been obtained. See note 1, supra. Mr. Sieloff initially sought to
     suppress his arrest and the seizure of his blood, but gave up those efforts in
     exchange for the prosecutor’s promise not to oppose Mr. Sieloff’s request for
     community supervision and SAFP. See note 3, supra. At his trial he reiterated
     his surrender of those rights. Id.

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