Court Opinion

ID: 6287551
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-18 16:50:34.402236+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:00:19.680302
License: Public Domain

Dissenting Opinion by
Watkins, J.:
I respectfully dissent. The majority has misstated the findings of fact by the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review. The Board found as a fact that there was not a reduction in the work force at the time that the claimants were available for work.
The pertinent findings are as follows: “2. On July 29, 1966, the claimant was placed on a pregnancy leave of absence which was to extend for a period up to eighteen months but could be terminated by the claimant at any time prior thereto. 3. The claimant’s child was born September 29, 1966. ... 5. On February 1, 1967, the claimant having been released by her physician, contacted the employer regarding a return to work. 6. The claimant was not reemployed because she had been replaced. 7. At the time the claimant took her leave of absence on July 29, 1966, there were 1552 employes in the plant and 72 employes in the particular department in which the claimant worked. 8. At the time the claimant applied for reemployment on February 1, 1967, there were 1585 employes in the plant and 75 employes in the department in which she had previously been employed. 9. The claimant has had no employment and no earnings since July 29, 1966.”
*111These findings of fact are supported by the evidence and are binding on the court. Progress Manufacturing Company, Inc. v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 406 Pa. 163, 176 A. 2d 632 (1962).
The pregnancy leave question has given the legislature trouble since the inception of unemployment compensation. “The treatment of claims for unemployment compensation by female employes who become pregnant is a matter for the legislature.” Young Unemployment Compensation Case, 200 Pa. Superior Ct. 511, 190 A. 2d 351 (1963).
The legislature has set forth its intentions as to pregnancy in §401 (f)(2) of the Unemployment Compensation Act, 43 P.S. 801(f)(1) (2) and §402(f) of the Act, 43 P.S. 802(f). Section 401(f)(1) provides that a claimant under the pregnancy section who has failed to return to the labor market within a thirty-day period following childbirth is not entitled to benefits until she has earned four times her weekly benefit rate which is one-half the required earnings to qualify for benefits for those out of the labor market for other reasons. The act provides further: “That the provisions of this clause (2) shall not be applicable if the claimant (a) is unable to resume her employment, subsequent to the expiration of such thirty (30) day period or leave of absence, with the employer by whom she was laid off for lack of work or by reason of pregnancy or from whom she obtained a leave of absence, as the case may be, because of a reduction in force or because the business of such employer is closed down for reasons other than vacation or (b) having become re-employed by such employer is laid off by reason of reduction in force or plant shut-down for reasons other than vacation.”
The majority treats the eighteen (18) month leave of absence as if it is related to the unemployment compensation requirements of the above section. However, *112this eighteen month period is merely the maximum time which an employee may be granted as a pregnancy leave of absence under the collective bargaining agreement with the employer and is so fixed so that the employee may retain her seniority rights in the plant. During the leave of absence established by collective bargaining the job of the employee with regard to unemployment compensation is not retained for her, but the position may be filled by the employer so that when the request to return to work is made the job may not be available and this was found as a fact in these cases.
Under the law there is a thirty (30) day leave of absence for pregnancy after the birth of a child but, of course, by collective bargaining a longer period may be provided between the employer and employee. It is important, however, to remember that the legislature has made an expressed distinction between leave of absence generally and leave of absence because of pregnancy. Colbert Unemployment Compensation Case, 208 Pa. Superior Ct. 291, 294, 222 A. 2d 468 (1966).
Collective bargaining agreements cannot be used to reduce or increase the benefits provided by the legislature in the Unemployment Compensation Law. Lybarger Unemployment Compensation Case, 418 Pa. 471, 211 A. 2d 463 (1965).
In Gianfelice Unemployment Compensation Case, 396 Pa. 545, 153 A. 2d 906 (1959), the Supreme Court said at page 552: “Support for the conclusion that a statutorily-expressed public policy cannot be modified by private agreement is readily found in analogous situations.” In Lybarger Unemployment Compensation Case, supra, the Supreme Court said at page 484: “In addition, it is significant, as the Court in Gianfelice noted, that although an employee may not waive rights to which he is entitled, neither can the em*113ployer and employee 'agree that the latter receive benefits when the law precludes such benefits.’ The Unemployment Compensation Fund is maintained by all the employers throughout the Commonwealth who are covered by the Act and who contribute to it for the benefit of their employees, see Pennsylvania State Chamber of Commerce v. Torquato, 386 Pa. 306, 125 A. 2d 775 (1956), cert. denied, 352 U.S. 1024, 77 S. Ct. 589 (1957). Any scheme by which an employer and employee attempt to invade that fund for purposes other than those for which it was designed and is being maintained thereby jeopardizes its solvency and destroys its trust characteristics and, therefore, must not be permitted.”
In these cases the claimants by union agreement were granted eighteen month pregnancy leaves of absence. Claimant Stiffler went on leave April 22, 1966, and applied for reemployment on February 9, 1967, ending her leave and restoring herself to the labor market approximately ten (10) months after her leave began; claimant Bookhamer went on leave July 29, 1966, and ended the pregnancy by returning to the labor market on February 1, 1967, approximately seven months after leaving her employment. These are the critical dates.
In summary, in each of the present cases the claimant voluntarily terminated her pregnancy leave of absence when she contacted the employer regarding a return to work. At that time the work force had not been reduced. If benefits are to be paid because of a subsequent reduction in the work force, the legislature must so ordain.
Wright, P. J., and Jacobs, J., join in this dissenting opinion.