Court Opinion

ID: 4200515
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-08-31 19:01:13.488772+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:47:33.558908
License: Public Domain

UNPUBLISHED

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

                                      No. 17-6525

ANGIE BROWN,

                    Plaintiff - Appellant,

             v.

VIRGINIA BEACH SHERIFF’S OFFICE,

                    Defendant - Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at
Alexandria. Anthony J. Trenga, District Judge. (1:17-cv-00048-AJT-IDD)

Submitted: August 17, 2017                                        Decided: August 31, 2017

Before KING, DIAZ, and FLOYD, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded by unpublished per curiam opinion.

Angie Brown, Appellant Pro Se.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:

      Virginia inmate Angie Brown appeals the district court’s order dismissing her 42

U.S.C. § 1983 (2012) action against the Virginia Beach Sheriff’s Office (VBSO) and two

of its employees. For the reasons that follow, we affirm in part, vacate in part, and

remand with instructions.

      Brown alleged that Defendants Caldwell and Anderson retaliated against her for

filing grievances against them. To state a First Amendment retaliation claim, a plaintiff

must show: “(1) his speech was protected, (2) the alleged retaliatory action adversely

affected his protected speech, and (3) a causal relationship between the protected speech

and the retaliation.” Raub v. Campbell, 785 F.3d 876, 885 (4th Cir. 2015). “[F]or

purposes of a First Amendment retaliation claim under § 1983, a plaintiff suffers adverse

action if the defendant’s allegedly retaliatory conduct would likely deter a person of

ordinary firmness from the exercise of First Amendment rights.” Constantine v. Rectors

& Visitors of George Mason Univ., 411 F.3d 474, 500 (4th Cir. 2005) (internal quotation

marks omitted).

      Relying on Adams v. Rice, 40 F.3d 72 (4th Cir. 1994), the district court ruled that

there was no constitutional right to be free of retaliation for filing prison grievances.

After the district court dismissed Brown’s action, this court decided Booker v. S.C. Dep’t

of Corr., 855 F.3d 533 (4th Cir. 2017), in which we noted that, although “Adams

concerns whether inmates have a constitutional entitlement to or liberty interest in

accessing grievance procedures[, it] says nothing about whether a prison official violates

an inmate’s First Amendment rights by retaliating against the inmate for submitting a

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grievance.” Id. at 542. We held that an inmate possesses the right to be free from

retaliation for filing grievances, and that this right has been clearly established since at

least 2010. Id. at 546-47. Accordingly, we vacate the district court’s dismissal of

Brown’s claims that Caldwell and Anderson retaliated against her for filing a grievance.

       In a related claim, Brown contended that Caldwell refused to accept a grievance.

Unlike Brown’s retaliation claims, this claim concerns access to grievance procedures

which, as noted above, is not constitutionally protected. Thus, we affirm the district

court’s dismissal of this claim based on Adams. Additionally, we affirm the district

court’s dismissal of Brown’s claims against the VBSO because, as the district court

correctly noted, state entities like the VBSO are not “persons” under § 1983, and

therefore do not qualify as proper defendants in a civil rights action. Will v. Michigan

Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 71 (1989).

       Accordingly, we vacate the district court’s ruling on Brown’s retaliation claims

against Caldwell and Anderson and remand to the district court. We affirm as to all other

claims. Additionally, we note that the district court docket does not include Caldwell and

Anderson as Defendants, even though they were identified as such in the complaint, so

we instruct that they be added as Defendants on remand.            We dispense with oral

argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the

materials before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

                                                                    AFFIRMED IN PART,
                                                                     VACATED IN PART,
                                                                      AND REMANDED

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