Court Opinion

ID: 3032543
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:48:00.486379+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:43:08.731876
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                   ___________

                                   No. 03-1049
                                   ___________

Cynthia Cardwell Armstrong,             *
                                        *
            Appellant,                  *
                                        * Appeal from the United States
      v.                                * District Court for the Northern
                                        * District of Iowa.
Systems Unlimited, Inc.,                *
                                        *         [UNPUBLISHED]
            Appellee.                   *
                                   ___________

                           Submitted: September 3, 2003

                               Filed: September 8, 2003
                                    ___________

Before WOLLMAN, FAGG, and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit Judges.
                           ___________

PER CURIAM.

      After Cynthia Cardwell Armstrong returned to work at Systems Unlimited, Inc.
(Systems) following a maternity leave, Systems demoted her, claiming she had
performance problems. She brought an action under Title VII and the Pregnancy
Discrimination Act, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.; the Family and Medical Leave Act
(FMLA), 29 U.S.C. § 2601 et seq.; and the Iowa Civil Rights Act, claiming gender
and pregnancy discrimination, constructive discharge, and FMLA retaliation. The
district court1 granted Systems summary judgment on all claims, and we affirm.

       We conclude Ms. Armstrong did not establish a prima facie case of gender or
pregnancy discrimination. The evidence viewed in the light most favorable to
Ms. Armstrong establishes only that she was treated the same (although perhaps
equally badly) as male and female employees with other types of medical conditions.
See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(k) (women affected by pregnancy or childbirth shall be treated
the same as similarly situated employees not so affected); Breeding, 164 F.3d at 1156
(gender discrimination); Deneen v. N.W. Airlines, Inc., 132 F.3d 431, 436-37 (8th
Cir. 1998) (pregnancy discrimination). Further, Ms. Armstrong’s evidence that a
male employee was able to procure raises she had been unable to procure, that she
was held to different expectations than other staff, that another male employee was
not reprimanded for failing to attend an event, and that other staff were not given a
list of expectations while she was, is not probative of gender or pregnancy
discrimination: it is either too conclusory, or Ms. Armstrong failed to show that the
other staff at issue were similarly situated to her. See Helfter v. UPS, Inc., 115 F.3d
613, 616 (8th Cir. 1997) (conclusory statements in affidavits and depositions,
standing alone, are insufficient to withstand summary judgment); Lang v. Herald,
107 F.3d 1308, 1311-12 (8th Cir.) (employee must show she was treated differently
than similarly situated employees), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 839 (1997). Because
Ms. Armstrong did not establish a prima facie case of discrimination, her
constructive- discharge claim also must fail. Cf. Hutchins v. Int’l Bhd. of Teamsters,
177 F.3d 1076, 1082 (8th Cir. 1999) (to establish constructive discharge, plaintiff
must show violation of Title VII and intolerable working conditions which forced
employee to quit).

      1
      The Honorable John A. Jarvey, United States Magistrate Judge for the
Northern District of Iowa, to whom the case was referred for final disposition by
consent of the parties pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c).
                                          -2-
      Finally, as to Ms. Armstrong’s FMLA retaliation claim, we conclude she did
not rebut Systems’ evidence that she was having performance problems before she
went on leave, and that her superiors discovered additional performance problems
while she was on leave. See Smith v. Allen Health Sys., Inc., 302 F.3d 827, 833-34
(8th Cir. 2002) (employee bears burden of showing employer’s justification is not
credible; evidence that employer had been concerned about problem before employee
engaged in protected activity undercuts significance of temporal proximity).

       Accordingly, we affirm. We also deny Ms. Armstrong’s motion to supplement
the record, as appellate courts generally cannot consider evidence not contained in the
record below. See Dakota Indus., Inc. v. Dakota Sportswear, Inc., 988 F.2d 61, 63
(8th Cir. 1993).

      A true copy.

             Attest:

                     CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.

                                          -3-