Court Opinion

ID: 5286059
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-07 08:20:57.719009+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:28:39.922455
License: Public Domain

YEARY, J.,
filed a concurring opinion.
For a second time, Appellant, acting pro se, has been deprived of his right to appeal an adverse'ruling on his motion for post-conviction DNA testing under Chapter 64 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure because he did riot receive timely notice of the trial court’s order denying the testing he requested. The last time this happened, the court of appeals dismissed his purported appeal for lack of jurisdiction. Because Appellant did not timely receive notice of the trial court’s order, he failed to timely *804file his notice of appeal. Without a timely notice of appeal, the court of appeals deemed itself to lack jurisdiction over the appeal. See Castillo v. State, 369 S.W.3d 196, 198 (Tex.Crim.App.2012) (“Timely filing of a written notice of appeal is a jurisdictional prerequisite to hearing an appeal.”); Tex, R. App. P. 26.2(a)(1) (notice of appeal, to be timely, “must be filed ... within 30 days after ... the day the trial court enters an appealable order”).
The last time this happened to Appellant, he sought recourse in this Court by way of a petition for discretionary review. We denied his petition in an unpublished written order in which we informed Appellant that he could obtain an appealable order by simply filing another motion for DNA testing, as recognized by Ex parte Suhre, 185 S.W.3d 898 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006). Davis v. State, No. PD-1490-14, 2015 WL 9594718 (Tex.Crim.App. March 18, 2015) (not designated for publication). Appellant did so, but once again, the trial court failed to timely notify him when it denied his motion. By the time Appellant received notice, it was once again too late for him to timely file a notice of appeal, and the court of appeals dismissed his appeal again. Davis v. State, No. 02-15-00283-CR, 2015 WL 10028889 (Tex.App.Ft. Worth Oct. 22, 2015) (not designated for publication). For a second time he has petitioned this Court for discretionary review. Once again, this Court has refused that petition in recognition of the lack of jurisdiction in the court of appeals. And once again, we have assured Appellant that he can always file another DNA motion, and we “urge the trial court to ensure that Appellant receives timely notice of its next ruling.”1
The trial court signed the order denying Appellant’s second motion for DNA testing on April 17, 2015. Appellant alleges he did not receive actual notice of this order until June 9, 2015, some 53 days after it was signed. Because this was more than 30 days after the order was signed, any notice of appeal he might have attempted would have been unavoidably tardy. Tex. R. App. P. 26.2(a)(1). Moreover, it also came more than 15 days after his thirty day deadline for filing a notice of appeal, so he could not have expected to succeed in a motion for extension of time to file his notice of appeal. Tex. R. App. P. 26.3.
Appellant urged the court of appeals and now this Court to nevertheless recognize his late-filed notice of appeal under Rule 4.2(a)(1) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. See Tex. R. App. P. 4.2(a)(1) (if a party does not receive timely notice of an appealable order, the time period does not begin to run until the earlier of the date of formal notice or actual knowledge of the order). This rule applies only in civil cases, however. And, in any event, Appellant’s thirty day period would have expired on July 9, 2015, whereas he did not eventually file his notice of appeal until August 7, 2015. Although the trial court purported to re-issue the order on July 23, 2015, the court of appeals rightly concluded that, by that time, the trial court had lost plenary jurisdiction to enter any new orders in the case. Such a void order could not operate to start the time for filing a notice of appeal anew so as to confer jurisdiction on the court of appeals. See Davis v. State, 2015 WL 10028889, at *1. Appellant could not prevail under Rule 4.2(a)(1), even if it applied.
*805And yet—it is most unsatisfying that the best that we can do for Appellant is, once again, to urge him to re-file his DNA motion. At some point, if the trial court persists in providing Appellant notice of its appealable orders that is so late that Appellant has no remedial options, it simply deprives him of due process. Article 64.05 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure entitles appellants to appeal from adverse rulings on motions for DNA testing. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 64.05. That entitlement, once conferred, cannot be arbitrarily taken away. See Hicks v. Oklahoma, 447 U.S. 343, 346, 100 S.Ct. 2227, 65 L.Ed.2d 175 (1980) (appellate court’s denial of appellant’s statutory right to a jury determination of punishment within the statutory range was not merely a matter of “exclusively state concern”; it implicated a “liberty interest that the Fourteenth Amendment- preserves against arbitrary deprivation by the State”). A court of appeals always has jurisdiction to determine its own jurisdiction. - Olivo v. State, 918 S.W.2d 519, 523 (Tex.Crim.App.1996). In deciding whether it has acquired jurisdiction over an appeal, a court of appeals may be justified, it seems to me, to take into account any dilatory tactics of a lower court that are designed to prevent or forestall the attachment of appellate jurisdiction. A trial court simply cannot be allowed to persist in conduct that has the consequence of creating a “never-ending loop” (as the Court calls it today) whereby it forever insulates its otherwise appeal-able rulings from appellate review. An appellate court cannot sanction the arbitrary deprivation of a statutorily conferred right to appeal by the irremediable actions of a trial court.2
I mean by this neither to accuse the trial court of such dilatoriness in this case nor to fault the court of appeals for dismissing the appeal at this stage. Nevertheless, should the trial court fail a third time to notify Appellant in a timely manner of its appealable order upon the Appellant’s filing of a third motion for DNA testing, I would urge the court of appeals to take that circumstance into account in judging whether it ,has jurisdiction over the appeal—even in the face of another tardy notice of appeal. I would also suggest to Appellant that the Rules of Appellate Procedure “expressly recognize the premature filing of a notice of appeal, specifically making it ‘effective and deemed filed on the same day, but after ... the appealable order [was] signed by the trial court.’ Tex. R. App. P. 27.1(b).” State v. Wachtendorf, 475 S.W.3d 895, 904 (Tex.Crim.App.2015) (plurality opinion).
With these additional comments, I join the Court’s order.

. It would not hurt to remind the trial court of its duty under the Code of Judicial Conduct to “dispose of all judicial matters promptly, efficiently and fairly.” Tex. Code Jud. Conduct, Canon 3 B. (9). I presume this would include timely notification of rulings on appealable orders.

. I do not mean to accuse this trial court judge of dilatoriness. After all, the judge did attempt to make up for the tardy notice by reissuing its order on July 23rd—never mind that the trial court lacked plenary jurisdiction to do so by that time,