Court Opinion

ID: 4117758
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-01-23 20:12:31.448534+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:26:01.661524
License: Public Domain

J-S96004-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                        PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

THEODORE CAMPBELL, JR.,

                            Appellant                 No. 1336 WDA 2015

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered May 28, 2015
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
            Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0010668-2013

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., and SOLANO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.:                       FILED JANUARY 23, 2017

       Appellant, Theodore Campbell, Jr., appeals from the judgment of

sentence of an aggregate term of 20 to 40 years’ incarceration, followed by

5 years’ probation, imposed after a jury convicted him of attempted murder,

aggravated assault, and recklessly endangering another person (REAP). On

appeal, Appellant contends that the jury’s verdict was contrary to the weight

of the evidence presented at trial. After careful review, we affirm.

       Appellant’s convictions stemmed from his shooting Dorrian Glenn

during a drug deal. At Appellant’s jury trial, Glenn testified that in April of

2013, he was familiar with Appellant because he would occasionally sell

marijuana to Appellant.          N.T. Trial, 2/4/15-2/6/15, at 31-32.1   Glenn
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1
  We note that this was Appellant’s second jury trial. His first trial, in
October of 2014, ended in a mistrial after Dorrian Glenn spontaneously
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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explained that on April 24, 2013, he agreed to meet Appellant at an

apartment building close to Glenn’s home on Landis Street in Philadelphia to

sell Appellant “two or three ounces” of marijuana.       Id. at 32-33, 34.

Appellant and Glenn arranged to meet at the second floor apartment

belonging to Appellant’s cousin. Id. at 34.

      Glenn testified that he arrived at the apartment unarmed and with the

marijuana. Id. Appellant let Glenn inside and, as they entered the living

room, Appellant and a “second guy … pulled out guns….” Id. at 35. Glenn

testified that Appellant said, “Throw it off,” which Glenn understood to mean

“give up what [he] had to them.” Id. at 35, 65. Glenn “threw [his] hands in

the air” and “threw the bag [of marijuana] … on the ground….” Id. at 38.

Glenn testified that he then “acted like [he] was getting down [on the floor]

and then [he] just took off running for … the window.”     Id. Glenn stated

that as he ran for the window, Appellant and the second person started

shooting. Id. at 39. Despite Glenn’s being hit by several bullets, he was

able to jump through the closed window, shattering the window’s glass, and

then run to his house where his wife called an ambulance. Id. at 39. Glenn

sustained gunshot wounds to his chest, leg, and chin, and he also broke

both his wrists. Id. at 39-40.

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

stated, at the beginning of his testimony, that he did not want to testify
because it was putting his family in danger. See N.T. Trial, 10/23/14, at 60.

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       Glenn testified that he did not recall speaking to police officers before

being taken to the hospital in an ambulance, but while hospitalized, he was

interviewed by police.        Id. at 40.   Glenn admitted that he initially lied to

them, telling the officers that he was “jumped somewhere else on Landis

Street[.]”    Id.     However, when confronted with the physical evidence

indicating the shooting had happened in the second floor apartment, Glenn

changed his story.       This time, Glenn claimed that three individuals had

robbed him “on the landing” of the apartment building, and he had broken

away and run through the apartment before jumping out the window. Id. at

56.    Glenn also gave officers a false description of the three purported

robbers. Id. at 56-57.

       Glenn additionally conceded that he had falsely testified “[a]t a

previous hearing … that [he was] actually shot at while on the landing and

[he was] robbed by three people….” Id. at 42. Glenn explained at trial that

he had initially lied to police because “where [he’s] from, it’s not good to be

known as a snitch.” Id. at 41. Glenn stated that at the time he gave those

false accounts, he “didn’t want to be part of the investigation, so [he] was

pretty much just saying anything.” Id. He further explained that he has “a

wife, four kids and a grandson[,]” and that people know where he lives. Id.

at 57.    Glenn testified that he felt that telling the truth would be “putting

people [he] love[s] in danger.” Id. He also stated that his family members

were     getting    threats   from   “[d]ifferent   people”   because   Glenn   was

“snitching.” Id. at 59. However, at the prompting of his wife, mother, and

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father-in-law to “do the right thing,” Glenn finally decided to identify

Appellant the third time he spoke to police. Id. at 58. At that interview,

Glenn picked Appellant and his cohort, Anthony Luster, from photographic

arrays. Id. at 58. On cross-examination, Glenn acknowledged that he was

testifying under a grant of immunity by the Commonwealth, so that he

would not be prosecuted for attempting to sell marijuana to Appellant. Id.

at 61, 70.

       City of Pittsburgh Police Officer David Sisak also testified for the

Commonwealth. He stated that he was working on April 24, 2013, and he

responded to the report that Glenn had been shot. Id. at 73.             Officer Sisak

testified that when he asked Glenn how he had been shot, Glenn said he was

“just walking down the sidewalk and two guys robbed him for no reason.”

Id. at 74. Officer Sisak then went to the apartment building at 3111 Landis

Street and saw some bullet casings and glass on “a small sidewalk that goes

along the building….” Id. at 75, 76.           Officer Sisak determined that the glass

“came from an upstairs window.”                Id. at 75.   Officer Sisak went to the

second floor apartment where the broken window was located. Id. at 79-

80.   In that apartment, the officer observed “more shell casings, and the

windowsill was shot. … And the window was smashed out….” Id. at 80.2

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2
  The parties stipulated that a total of 12 cartridge casings were found at the
scene, and that the casings were fired by two different, 9-millimeter guns.
Id. at 102-103.

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Officer Sisak testified that he returned to Glenn’s home and told him that the

physical evidence did not align with his story that he was shot on the street.

Id. at 81. Glenn then changed his story and admitted he was shot in the

apartment.

      Appellant also testified at his trial.   He explained that he contacted

Glenn on April 24, 2013, to purchase marijuana. Id. at 119. He testified

that he agreed to meet Glenn at his cousin’s apartment at 3111 Landis

Street.     Id. at 121, 122.   Anthony Luster accompanied Appellant to the

apartment.      Id. at 121.    Appellant testified that Glenn knocked on the

apartment door and Appellant told him to come inside.        Id. at 125, 126.

Appellant stated that after he handed Glenn the money for the marijuana,

Glenn started to hand Appellant a bag that looked empty.          Id. at 126.

According to Appellant, Glenn then reached into his pants pocket and pulled

out a gun. Id. at 127-128. Appellant then pulled out his gun and, as the

two men were pointing their guns at each other, “a shot went off.” Id. at

129, 130, 131. Appellant testified that he did not know who fired the first

shot, but he began shooting as he ran into the bathroom. Id. at 131, 137.

After the shots stopped, Appellant and Luster ran out of the apartment

building.    Id. at 137-138.   Appellant testified that he never tried to steal

from Glenn, and he claimed that he had had no intention of killing Glenn or

causing him harm. Id. at 138.

      At the conclusion of Appellant’s trial, the jury convicted him of the

above-stated offenses.    On May 28, 2015, the court sentenced him to an

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aggregate term of 20 to 40 years’ imprisonment, followed by 5 years’

probation. He filed a timely post-sentence motion challenging the weight of

the evidence supporting his convictions, which the court denied. Appellant

then filed a timely notice of appeal, and also timely complied with the trial

court’s order to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal. Herein, Appellant raises one issue for our review:

     I. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by failing to find that
     the guilty verdict was against the weight of the evidence when
     the testimony presented by the only Commonwealth eyewitness
     was inconsistent and so untrustworthy that to base a verdict on
     this evidence was manifestly unreasonable?

Appellant’s Brief at 5 (unnecessary capitalization and emphasis omitted).

     To begin, we note that,

     [a] claim alleging the verdict was against the weight of the
     evidence is addressed to the discretion of the trial court.
     Accordingly, an appellate court reviews the exercise of the trial
     court's discretion; it does not answer for itself whether the
     verdict was against the weight of the evidence. It is well settled
     that the jury is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence
     and to determine the credibility of the witnesses, and a new trial
     based on a weight of the evidence claim is only warranted where
     the jury's verdict is so contrary to the evidence that it shocks
     one's sense of justice. In determining whether this standard has
     been met, appellate review is limited to whether the trial judge's
     discretion was properly exercised, and relief will only be granted
     where the facts and inferences of record disclose a palpable
     abuse of discretion.

Commonwealth v. Houser, 18 A.3d 1128, 1135-1136 (Pa. 2011) (citations

and internal quotation marks omitted).

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      Here, Appellant contends that the trial court abused its discretion by

rejecting his weight-of-the-evidence claim, where Glenn’s testimony “was

inconsistent and incredible.” Appellant’s Brief at 15. Appellant stresses that

      Glenn was the only Commonwealth eyewitness to testify at trial
      regarding the events that occurred in the apartment and he was
      the only eyewitness who refuted [Appellant’s] claim of self-
      defense. However, [] Glenn was extremely unreliable since he
      continued to lie about what occurred and he admittedly
      presented false testimony under oath in a prior court proceeding.

Id. at 16.     Appellant also argues that his claim of self-defense was

supported by statements he made during a recorded prison phone call to a

female friend. According to Appellant, in light of that evidence supporting

his claim of self-defense, and the unreliability of Glenn’s testimony, the court

should have granted him a new trial.

      After assessing the evidence presented at Appellant’s trial - and

considering, in particular, the testimony of Dorrian Glenn - we disagree with

Appellant that the court abused its discretion by denying his weight-of-the-

evidence claim. Admittedly, Glenn changed his account of the shooting at

least three times during the investigation, and he also admitted that he lied

under oath at a prior court proceeding.     Additionally, Glenn was testifying

under a grant of immunity by the Commonwealth. However, the jury was

informed that Glenn only agreed to testify after being granted immunity, and

both defense counsel and the Commonwealth questioned Glenn extensively

about the    fabricated stories he     had provided to      police   during   the

investigation. Glenn explained that he initially lied to police because he did

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not want to be known as a ‘snitch.’ He also stated that he feared for the

safety of his family, especially because some of his family members had

received threats.

       In sum, the jury was clearly informed of the issues surrounding

Glenn’s credibility, yet it chose to believe his testimony over that of

Appellant.3    In rejecting Appellant’s weight-of-the-evidence claim, the trial

court declined to disturb that credibility determination by the fact-finder.

See Trial Court Opinion, 8/17/16, at 11.          We ascertain no abuse of

discretion in the trial court’s decision. See Commonwealth v. Boxley, 838

A.2d 608, 612 (Pa. 2003) (declining to “disturb the finder of fact’s credibility

determinations” where the appellant had “raised [the] credibility issues at

trial, and they were weighed and rejected by the jury in reaching its

verdict”).

       Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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3
  Moreover, contrary to Appellant’s argument, the jury was free to reject his
testimony that he acted in self-defense, even if statements he made in a
recorded prison phone call supported that claim.              A transcription of
Appellant’s prison phone call was made, and is cited by Appellant in his brief
to this Court, but it is not contained in the certified record. See N.T. Trial at
104; Appellant’s Brief at 21-23. “In general, it is an appellant’s burden to
ensure that the certified record contains the documents reflecting the facts
needed for review.” Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 931 A.2d 717, 722 (Pa.
Super. 2007) (citation omitted). In any event, even accepting that the
prison phone call supported Appellant’s trial testimony that he shot Glenn in
self-defense, the jury was free to reject both the statements he made during
the phone call and his testimony at trial.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/23/2017

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