Court Opinion

ID: 1069704
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:35:35.913258+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:39:46.403232
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Willis, Elder and Bray
Argued at Richmond, Virginia

LATWAN MARCEL JACKSON
                                          MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.   Record No. 1630-99-2                  JUDGE RICHARD S. BRAY
                                               JUNE 12, 2001
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

           FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF RICHMOND
                     Margaret P. Spencer, Judge

           Robert J. Rice (Rice, Everhart & Baber, on
           brief), for appellant.

           Marla Graff Decker, Assistant Attorney
           General (Mark L. Earley, Attorney General, on
           brief), for appellee.

     Latwan Marcel Jackson (defendant) was convicted in a bench

trial for possession of cocaine with the intent to distribute and

possession of marijuana, violations of Code §§ 18.2-248 and

-250.1, respectively.   On appeal, he complains the trial court

erroneously denied his motion to suppress evidence obtained by

police incident to an unconstitutional seizure and search of his

person.   Finding no error, we affirm the convictions.

     The parties are fully conversant with the record, and this

memorandum opinion recites only those facts necessary to a

disposition of the appeal.

     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not
designated for publication.
                                  I.

       "In reviewing a trial court's denial of a motion to suppress,

'the burden is upon the defendant to show that the ruling, when

the evidence is considered most favorably to the Commonwealth,

constituted reversible error.'"   McGee v. Commonwealth, 25 Va.

App. 193, 197, 487 S.E.2d 259, 261 (1997) (en banc) (citation

omitted).   "Ultimate questions of reasonable suspicion and

probable cause to make a warrantless search" involve issues of

both law and fact, reviewable de novo on appeal.   Ornelas v.

United States, 517 U.S. 690, 699, 116 S. Ct. 1657 (1996).     "[I]n

performing such analysis, we are bound by the trial court's

findings of historical fact unless 'plainly wrong' or without

evidence to support them and we give due weight to the inferences

drawn from those facts by resident judges and local law

enforcement officers."   McGee, 25 Va. App. at 198, 487 S.E.2d at

261.

       At the pretrial hearing on defendant's motion to suppress

evidence of the offending drugs, Richmond Police Officer Peter A.

Capelli, III, testified he "received a page that . . . a black

male wearing a green and white jacket with blue pants on by the

name of Twan . . . was holding an amount of cocaine in his groin."

Capelli, accompanied by two officers, responded to the reported

location in a police vehicle, arriving within thirty seconds of

the message.   Capelli immediately observed a man, later identified

as defendant, matching the description, "walking down the street,"

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"about to light up" a "cigar wrapper in his right hand."    As the

trio of officers "pulled up," defendant quickly placed the "cigar"

"into a tube" held in his left hand.

     Capelli, a police officer trained and experienced in the

"drug trade," "believe[d]" the "cigar wrapper" was marijuana,

"knew exactly what it was," explaining, "you don't see a rolled

brown wrapper unless it's going to be marijuana[,] . . . people

take the tobacco out of the cigar . . . put marijuana in it, roll

it back up and smoke it."   He had "viewed many people that use

marijuana in that fashion and that is a known reason for that."

Capelli "asked" defendant his name through the car window and, as

defendant answered, Capelli exited the vehicle and requested, "can

I see the tube?"   In response, defendant surrendered it to Capelli

and he confirmed the "cigar wrapper" contained marijuana.    Capelli

then arrested defendant for possession of the drug, and an

incidental search of his person revealed the offending cocaine.

     In denying defendant's motion, the trial court expressly

found that "[t]he officer saw a hand rolled marijuana cigar[,]

which he recognized. . . . This is a situation where an officer

in fact saw what he had reason to believe based on his knowledge

and experience and training was an illegal substance."

Defendant was thereafter convicted of the subject offenses,

resulting in the instant appeal.

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                                 II.

     Although the trial judge apparently treated the instant

police/citizen encounter as a Terry stop, we regard the seizure of

defendant as an arrest and review the circumstances accordingly. 1

     "As a general rule of constitutional law, an officer properly

may make a warrantless arrest if he has probable cause to believe

the arrestee has committed a crime, and the officer may search the

individual incident to that lawful arrest."   Lovelace v.

Commonwealth, 27 Va. App. 575, 582, 500 S.E.2d 267, 271 (1998)

(internal citations omitted).   "To establish probable cause, the

Commonwealth must show 'a probability or substantial chance of

criminal activity, not an actual showing' that a crime was

committed."   Ford v. City of Newport News, 23 Va. App. 137, 143-

44, 474 S.E.2d 848, 851 (1996) (citation omitted).

     "In determining whether probable cause exists courts will

test what the totality of the circumstances meant to police

officers trained in analyzing the observed conduct for purpose of

crime control."   Powell v. Commonwealth, 27 Va. App. 173, 176-77,

497 S.E.2d 899, 900 (1998) (citation omitted).   "'So long as

probable cause to arrest exists at the time of the search, . . .

it is unimportant that the search preceded the formal arrest if

the arrest followed quickly on the heels of the challenged

     1
       "An appellate court may affirm the judgment of a trial
court when it has reached the right result for the wrong
reason." Driscoll v. Com., 14 Va. App. 449, 452, 417 S.E.2d
312, 313 (1992).

                                - 4 -
search.'"   Ross v. Commonwealth, ___ Va. App. ___, ___, ___ S.E.2d

___, ___ (2001) (citation omitted).

     Here, when first observed by Capelli, defendant was "about to

light up" a "cigar wrapper," but "into the tube it went" with the

approach of police.   However, before defendant concealed the

"wrapper," Capelli identified the item as a cigar modified for the

smoking of marijuana.   Such circumstances were clearly sufficient

to provide probable cause to believe defendant then possessed

marijuana, justifying an immediate warrantless arrest and related

search.

     Accordingly, evidence of the offending drugs was the product

of a lawful seizure and search, and we affirm the convictions.

                                                    Affirmed.

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