Court Opinion

ID: 9908072
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-07 18:01:25.441298+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:33:32.812202
License: Public Domain

FILED
                             NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                             DEC 7 2023
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

LIZETTE PEREZ PAYAN, et al.,                     No.   22-1029

              Petitioners,                       Agency No. A097-335-257
                                                 Agency No. A208-586-751
 v.

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney                     MEMORANDUM*
General,

              Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                             Submitted December 5, 2023**
                               San Francisco, California

Before: S.R. THOMAS and BRESS, Circuit Judges, and EZRA,*** District Judge.

      Lizette Perez Payan (Perez) and her minor son, natives and citizens of

Mexico, petition for review of a decision from the Board of Immigration Appeals

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable David A. Ezra, United States District Judge for the
District of Hawaii, sitting by designation.
(“the Board”) denying their motion to reopen as untimely. The Board had

authority to consider the motion under 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2. We have jurisdiction

under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a).

      We review the Board’s denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion.

Singh v. Holder, 658 F.3d 879, 885 (9th Cir. 2011). We have limited jurisdiction

to review the Board’s refusal to reopen sua sponte “to the limited degree that the

refusal was based on legal error.” Bonilla v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 575, 579 (9th Cir.

2016). Factual findings underlying the Board’s denial of reopening are conclusive

unless a petitioner establishes that “any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled

to conclude to the contrary.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Lin v. Ashcroft, 377 F.3d

1014, 1024 (9th Cir. 2004). We deny in part and dismiss in part for lack of

jurisdiction.

      Because the parties are familiar with the facts and the procedural history, we

do not recount them here.

                                          I

      The Board did not err in refusing to equitably toll Perez’s petition due to

ineffective assistance of counsel. “To qualify for equitable tolling on account of

ineffective assistance of counsel, a petitioner must demonstrate,” among other

things, “that [s]he was prevented from timely filing [her] motion due to prior

                                          2
counsel’s ineffectiveness.” Singh, 658 F.3d at 884. The Board concluded that

Perez failed to satisfy her burden because she failed to demonstrate that prior

counsel was the reason for her late filing. Because the record does not compel a

conclusion to the contrary, the Board’s factual findings concerning the cause of

delay were not clearly erroneous. Lin, 377 F.3d at 1024.

      As with all requests for equitable tolling under 8 U.S.C. § 1229a, the

petitioner bears the burden of demonstrating that equitable tolling is warranted.

Luna v. Holder, 659 F.3d 753, 761 (9th Cir. 2011). Here, Perez provided no

evidence to support her assertion that she notified prior counsel and the

immigration court of her address change, nor did she rebut prior counsel’s

assertion that he attempted to contact her multiple times. The record also lacks

prior counsel’s formal response concerning the breakdown in communication,

despite prior counsel’s indication in an email that he intended to provide one.

      On this record, the Board’s finding that prior counsel did not prevent Perez

from timely filing is not clearly erroneous. See Garland v. Ming Dai, 141 S. Ct.

1669, 1677 (2021). Because such a finding is required to warrant equitable tolling,

Singh, 658 F.3d at 884, the Board did not abuse its discretion in denying the

motion as untimely. We deny the claim.

                                          3
                                          II

      In addition to the denial of equitable tolling, Perez challenges several aspects

of the Board’s decision as “erroneous,” including the Board’s conclusions that

Perez did not demonstrate her prima facie eligibility for relief and that her “newly

submitted evidence” was not “previously unavailable.” Each of Perez’s additional

arguments concern the Board’s rationale for refusing to reopen her proceedings sua

sponte “because she has not demonstrated the existence of exceptional

circumstances warranting such action.”

      Except where the phrase is explicitly defined in statute, the Board’s

assessment of “exceptional circumstances” is a matter “committed to agency

discretion” for which there is no “judicially manageable standard” of review.

Menendez-Gonzalez v. Barr, 929 F.3d 1113, 1116-17 (9th Cir. 2019); see also

Bonilla, 840 F.3d at 586. This case does not fall into the “narrow exception” to the

“jurisdictional bar” on our review of discretionary reopening. Lona v. Barr, 958

F.3d 1225, 1232 (9th Cir. 2020). We dismiss this claim for lack of jurisdiction.

      DENIED IN PART; DISMISSED IN PART.

                                          4