Court Opinion

ID: 4667823
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-03-15 22:03:38.861242+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:59.392930
License: Public Domain

2021 IL App (1st) 210168

                                                                                    THIRD DIVISION
                                                                                      March 12, 2021

No. 1-21-0168

JANICE I. SIMS,                     )                           Appeal from the Circuit Court of
                                    )                           Cook County.
     Petitioner-Appellant,          )
                                    )
v.                                  )
                                    )
MUNICIPAL OFFICERS ELECTORAL BOARD )                            No. 21 COEL 12
FOR THE VILLAGE OF RIVERDALE,       )
LAWRENCE L. JACKSON, KAREN HOLCOMB, )
ROBERT BERTUCCI, ALBERT JONES, and  )
LARRY DEAN,                         )
                                    )                           Honorable Nichole C. Patton,
     Respondents-Appellees.         )                           Judge Presiding.

        PRESIDING JUSTICE HOWSE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
        Justices McBride and Burke concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                              OPINION

¶1      Petitioner Janice I. Sims sought to be a candidate for the office of village trustee in an

upcoming election. Two individuals jointly filed objections to petitioner’s nomination papers.

The electoral board was convened, held a hearing, and found petitioner’s nomination papers to

be invalid. The electoral board ordered that petitioner’s name be stricken from the ballot.

Petitioner filed a petition for judicial review of the electoral board’s decision in the circuit court.

The circuit court affirmed the electoral board’s decision. Petitioner now appeals to this court

asking that we reverse the electoral board’s decision and order her name to be restored to the

ballot. Finding no reversible error in the electoral board’s decision, we affirm.
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¶2                                       BACKGROUND

¶3     Petitioner Janice Sims intended to seek election as a trustee for the Village of Riverdale

in the general election that is set to be held on April 6, 2021. She timely filed her nomination

papers on December 21, 2020 which consisted of a statement of economic interests, a statement

of candidacy, an optional loyalty oath, and signature petition sheets. Two of the respondents in

this case, Albert Jones and Larry Dean, filed a petition objecting to the sufficiency of Sims’

nomination papers.

¶4      Respondent, the Municipal Officers Electoral Board for the Village of Riverdale,

convened for the purpose of hearing the objections and ruling on them. Before the hearing, Sims

filed a motion to strike and dismiss the objectors’ petition. In her motion to dismiss, Sims

principally argued that the Electoral Board lacked subject matter jurisdiction because no date and

time of filing was included on the petition that was filed or served on her. The matter was fully

briefed before the Electoral Board.

¶5     Three main issues were raised by the parties that required determinations from the

Electoral Board at the hearing. First, Sims argued that the objections to her nomination papers

were untimely. If the objections were found to be untimely, the Electoral Board would not have

had subject matter jurisdiction to pass upon the merits of the objections and the matter would

have ended there. If, however, the objections were timely filed, then the Electoral Board had to

reach the merits of the objectors’ specific objections. The second issue before the Electoral

Board required it to determine whether Sims collected a sufficient number of valid signatures to

be included on the ballot. The third issue before the Electoral Board required it to determine

whether Sims’ nomination papers should be invalidated because certain persons who circulated

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petitions for Sims’ candidacy had also circulated petitions for another candidate of a different

political party that was seeking election in another race.

¶6     On January 27, 2021, the Electoral Board issued its decision. On the first issue, the

Electoral Board concluded that the objectors’ petition was timely filed and that the Board,

therefore, had subject matter jurisdiction to rule on the objectors’ petition. On the second issue,

the Electoral Board concluded that Sims had only 43 valid signatures where 47 valid signatures

were required to appear on the ballot. On the third issue, the Electoral Board concluded that

Sims’ use of circulators that had circulated petitions for another candidate violated section 10-4

of the Election Code (10 ILCS 5/1-1 et seq. (West 2020)) and, therefore, Sims had no valid

signatures. Based on those conclusions, the Electoral Board determined that Sims’ nomination

papers were invalid, and it ordered her name to be stricken from the ballot.

¶7     Sims filed a petition for judicial review in the circuit court. In her petition for judicial

review, Sims raised two specific arguments. Sims argued: (1) that the objectors’ petition was

“untimely and unduly filed,” and (2) that “[t]he Circulators who circulated [her] petition sheets

did so in compliance with the Election Code.” Sims urged the circuit court to reverse the

decision of the Electoral Board and to order that her name be printed on the ballot for the

election. The circuit court affirmed the decision of the Electoral Board. Sims now appeals and

asks us to reverse both the circuit court’s order and the Electoral Board’s order. She asks that we

order that her name be restored to the ballot for the election for the office of Trustee for the

Village of Riverdale in the April 6, 2021 election.

¶8                                         ANALYSIS

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¶9     In an appeal from a judicial review action challenging an election board’s decision, we

review the decision of the election board, not the decision of the circuit court. Cortez v.

Municipal Officers Electoral Board for City of Calumet City, 2013 IL App (1st) 130442, ¶ 14.

The applicable standard of review in reviewing an election board’s decision depends upon

whether the question presented is one of fact, one of law, or a mixed question of fact and law.

Cinkus v. Village of Stickney Municipal Officers Electoral Board, 228 Ill. 2d 200, 210 (2008).

An election board’s findings and conclusions on questions of fact are deemed prima facie true

and correct and a reviewing court is limited to ascertaining whether such findings of fact are

against the manifest weight of the evidence. Id. In contrast, an election board’s decision on a

question of law is not binding on a reviewing court, and we review the board’s conclusions as to

matters of law de novo. Brennan v. Kolman, 335 Ill. App. 3d 716, 719 (2002). We review an

election board’s conclusions on mixed questions of law and fact under the clearly erroneous

standard. Cunningham v. Schaeflein, 2012 IL App (1st) 120529, ¶ 19.

¶ 10   The first issue to be resolved on appeal is whether the objectors’ petition was filed in the

time permitted by the Election Code (10 ILCS 5/1-1 et seq. (West 2020)). The Election Code

provides that objections to certificates of nomination or nomination papers must be “duly made

in writing within 5 business days after the last day for filing the certificate of nomination or

nomination papers.” 10 ILCS 5/10-8 (West 2020). In order for an election board to have subject

matter jurisdiction over a challenge to nominating papers, the objection must be made in the time

period set forth in the Election Code. Thomas v. Powell, 289 Ill. App. 3d 143, 146-47 (1997).

¶ 11   Sims filed her petition for nomination on December 21, 2020, which was also the last

permissible day for filing nomination papers. Thus, for the objections in this case to have been

timely filed, the objectors’ petition was required have been filed within 5 business days after

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December 21, 2020. Whether an election board and the circuit court have subject matter

jurisdiction over an election dispute is a question of law that we review de novo. Bey v. Brown,

2015 IL App (1st) 150263, ¶ 43.

¶ 12   In this appeal, Sims’ challenge to the Electoral Board’s subject matter jurisdiction has

two parts. First, Sims argues, as she did before the Electoral Board and the circuit court, that the

petition that was filed lacks any timestamp or other identifiable receipt to demonstrate when the

petition was actually filed. Sims argues that the lack of a timestamp violates the Election Code

and renders the objections untimely. In conjunction with that argument, the parties dispute which

of them had the burden to prove the timeliness or untimeliness of the filing at the hearing before

the Electoral Board. Second, in response to evidence produced for the first time during judicial

review that appears to show that the objectors’ petition was filed on December 30, 2020, Sims

argues that such evidence proves the untimeliness of the objections. Sims contends that any

objections to her nomination papers were required to be filed by December 29, 2020.

¶ 13   In the proceedings before the Electoral Board, Sims argued that the lack of a timestamp

on the objectors’ petition must lead to the conclusion that the objections were not timely filed

and, therefore, that the Electoral Board lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the objection

petition. Sims points to the section of the Election Code governing objections to nomination

papers which provides that “[i]n the case of nomination papers or certificates of nomination, the

State Board of Elections, election authority or local election official shall note the day and hour

upon which such objector’s petition is filed.” 10 ILCS 5/10-8 (West 2020).

¶ 14   Contrary to Sims’ implication, nothing in the Election Code requires that a timestamp be

placed upon an objector’s petition for the petition to have been, in fact, timely filed in

accordance with the Code. The Election Code requires the election official to “note” the day and

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hour that the petition is filed, but the Code does not require that the notation be made on the face

of the objection petition. See id. Sims provides no authority for the proposition that a timestamp

be placed on the petition in order for the petition to be found to be in compliance with the time

requirement of the Code, and we see no basis for implying such a requirement. We reject Sims’

argument that the Board should have found the petition to be untimely solely because the petition

lacked a timestamp to demonstrate when it was filed.

¶ 15   The issue then turns upon whether it was the objectors’ burden to prove that the petition

was timely filed or whether it was Sims’ burden to prove that the petition was untimely. At the

hearing that included both Sims’ motion to dismiss the objection petition and the merits of the

objection petition, neither party provided any evidence regarding when the objections were

actually filed or when they were due. As a general matter, the burden of proof in a proceeding to

contest nominating petitions lies with the objector. Hagen v. Stone, 277 Ill. App. 3d 388, 390

(1995). However, if a would-be candidate wants to assert an affirmative defense in response to

an objection to her nomination papers, she bears the burden of pleading and proving the facts

underlying the affirmative defense. Id. at 390-91; Morton v. State Officers Electoral Board, 311

Ill. App. 3d 982, 985 (2000). We have also observed that when an objector’s petition is filed and

accepted by the election authority, there is a reasonable inference that there was statutory

compliance in the filing of the objections. Zurek v. Petersen, 2015 IL App (1st) 150508, ¶¶ 7-11.

¶ 16   The matter of timely filings for objections to nomination papers cannot be strictly

considered an affirmative defense because it is jurisdictional and the issue of subject matter

jurisdiction cannot be waived like many other affirmative defenses. However, because Sims

raised the issue of timeliness in an effort to dismiss the objectors’ petition, it seems most logical

to place the burden on her to produce some form of proof that the objections were, in fact,

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untimely in order to at least shift the burden of proof to the objectors to prove timeliness. The

issue of the timeliness of an objection is somewhat similar in character to the issue of an

objector’s standing, which we have held does not need to be proved by an objector as part of his

prima facie case. Dunham v. Naperville Township Officers Electoral Board, 265 Ill. App. 3d

719, 722-24 (1994). That view also seems to align with the inference of statutory compliance

afforded to an objector once the petition is accepted by the election authority. Zurek, 2015 IL

App (1st) 150508, ¶¶ 7-11. Nevertheless, in this case, we need not expressly resolve the issue of

which party should bear the burden with regard to the timeliness of the objections because, when

given the opportunity, Sims flatly refused to question the relevant election official about the

timeliness of the objectors’ filing. Instead, Sims chose to stand on her pleading in which she

argued that the lack of a timestamp alone was enough to establish the untimeliness of the

petition.

¶ 17    At the portion of the hearing directed towards Sims’ motion to dismiss the objections on

the basis of untimeliness, the attorney for the Electoral Board offered that the local election

official was present at the hearing and prepared to testify about the timeliness of the filing. In

response, Sims’ attorney stated that Sims was going to rest on “what has been pled so the Board

can rule on that.” Sims’ attorney continued, “I’m going to rest on that as argued in my petition.”

The attorney for the Board responded that “in the interest of a complete record in the event this

gets appealed, we have the person here. Is there any objection to having her testify to build a

record so that if this gets reviewed, that they’ll have the testimony in addition to the legal

arguments? Because right now essentially you have your pleading ***, but there’s no testimony

in support of either one.” Sims’ attorney responded that “I'm going to have to object to anything

coming into the record at this point. If my motion was filed weeks ago, counsel responded to and

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said there's a receipt out there somewhere, she could have subpoenaed the -- I don't know. I don’t

want to tell her how to do her job but ***.” Based on Sims’ refusal to allow the Board to take

evidence on the issue of timeliness, only the parties’ pleadings and counsels’ arguments were

made part of the record on this issue.

¶ 18   Instead of taking the opportunity to produce actual evidence concerning the timeliness of

the objection, Sims chose to rest on what she had pled in her motion to dismiss the objection.

Sims cannot try to seize upon the lack of evidence about the timeliness of the filing, when her

own conduct was the cause of the lack of evidence. See Pate v. Wiseman, 2019 IL App (1st)

190449, ¶ 17 (“Any doubts which may arise from the incompleteness of the record will be

resolved against the appellant.”). Sims had the opportunity to present evidence to support the

argument made in her motion to dismiss, and she refused to offer the evidence, leaving the

motion wholly unsupported. Sims’ motion to dismiss the objection, which she chose to stand pat

upon at the hearing, was based only on her contention that the lack of a file stamp on the petition

rendered the objections invalid and left the Electoral Board without jurisdiction. Again, we find

that argument unsupported by the Election Code and we reject the proposition that, in the

absence of a timestamp being placed on the face of an objector’s petition, the objectors’ petition

must automatically be deemed untimely and invalid.

¶ 19   In Sims’ submission on appeal, she acknowledges that the “Electoral Board is a statutory

entity with the power to determine the validity of nomination papers pursuant to the objection

procedures set forth in Article 10 of the Election Code.” The Election Code and our prior

decisions interpreting the Code illustrate that an electoral board is empowered to consider the

objections made to a candidate’s nomination papers and the validity of those objections. Daniels

v. Daly, 2015 IL App (1st) 150544, ¶ 32. Where, as here, the election official in charge of

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receiving that document accepted it, served the notices required by statute, and where the

electoral board was then duly constituted, we have found there to be an inference that the

objector complied with the statutory filing requirements. See Zurek, 2015 IL App (1st) 150508,

¶ 9. Sims produced no evidence to the contrary. The Electoral Board found the objections to have

been timely and otherwise validly filed and, based on the limited information presented to us

here, we find no basis to rule otherwise. See id. at ¶ 8.

¶ 20   The second part of Sims’ challenge to the timeliness of the objection stems from a

document produced for the first time in the circuit court that purports to show that the objectors’

petition was filed on December 30, 2020. The document appears to be a filing receipt for Albert

Jones and Larry Dean’s objectors’ petition and it is stamped “received” by the office of the

village clerk with a date of December 30, 2020 and a time of 12:48 p.m.

¶ 21   Sims contends that the receipt dated December 30, 2020 establishes that the objection

petition was not timely filed. Sims filed her petition for nomination on December 21, 2020,

which was also the last permissible day for filing nomination papers. The Election Code provides

that objections must be filed “within 5 business days after the last day for filing the certificate of

nomination or nomination papers.” 10 ILCS 5/10-8 (West 2020). Thus, for the objections in this

case to have been timely filed, the objectors’ petition was required to have been filed within 5

business days after December 21, 2020. Sims contends that the last day for filing objections was

December 29, 2020 and the objectors contend that the last day for filing objections was

December 30, 2020.

¶ 22   As could be expected from the late-December timeline set forth above, the question of

what days are “business days” around the Christmas holiday is contested by the parties. For

purposes of the Election Code, “business day” means “any day in which the office of an election

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authority, local election official or the State Board of Elections is open to the public for a

minimum of 7 hours.” 10 ILCS 5/1-3(22) (West 2020). The objectors argue that the Village was

not open on Christmas Eve, so it does not qualify as a business day for purposes of the Election

Code. Sims argues that Christmas Eve is not listed as a State holiday, so it should count as a

business day.

¶ 23   There is nothing in the record, nor was there anything introduced before the Electoral

Board as to whether the election office was open for seven hours on Christmas Eve such that it

constituted a business day for purposes of the Election Code. The supposed documentary receipt

on which Sims bases her argument was similarly not introduced before the Board. We cannot

resolve the parties’ contentions on this matter. “[A] court’s inquiry into discrepancies in

nomination papers is limited to a ‘review’ of the board’s record.” Geer v. Kadera, 173 Ill. 2d

398, 408 (1996) (citing Wiseman v. Elward, 5 Ill. App. 3d 249 (1972)). Our mandate is to review

the election board’s decision only (Cinkus, 228 Ill. 2d at 212) and these arguments were not

made to the Electoral Board, were not supported by any evidence at the hearing, and were not

decided by the Board. Because neither the purported filing receipt nor the hours of operation of

the election office were made part of the record before the Electoral Board, we cannot consider

Sims’ argument on this issue.

¶ 24   The Electoral Board noted that Sims failed to plead or offer any evidence regarding the

timeliness of the objections. The Electoral Board further noted that it “must infer compliance

with petitions where they have been accepted by the officer charged with that function.” (Citing

Zurek, 2015 IL App (1st) 150508). As a result, the Electoral Board concluded that the petition

was timely filed. We find nothing in Sims’ arguments or in the record that demonstrates that the

Electoral Board lacked jurisdiction to rule on the merits of the objectors’ petition.

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¶ 25   Moving to the merits of the challenges that the objectors raised in their petition, the

objectors raised “signature-based objections” and “circulator-based objections.” The conclusions

the Electoral Board made regarding the merits of the objectors’ objections resulted from the

Electoral Board’s consideration of evidence and its fact-finding duties. We review an election

board’s conclusions on questions of fact under the manifest weight of the evidence standard.

Cinkus, 228 Ill. 2d at 210.

¶ 26   On appeal, Sims only challenges the Board’s conclusion on the circulator-based

objections: that her nomination papers are invalid on the basis that certain circulators that

circulated petitions on her behalf also circulated petitions on behalf of another candidate. Sims

does not raise any issue concerning the Electoral Board’s conclusion on the signature-based

objections: that she only had 43 total valid signatures where 47 valid signatures were required.

¶ 27   Despite the Electoral Board’s finding that Sims did not have enough valid signatures,

Sims did not raise this issue in her petition for judicial review in the circuit court. Sims similarly

did not raise the issue in her opening submission to this court. During the evidentiary hearing

before the Electoral Board, Sims did not present any evidence in response to the objectors’

“signature-based objections.” In her reply brief on appeal, addressing the signature-based

objections on review for the first time, Sims argues that the objectors’ contentions on this issue

must fail because the Electoral Board lacked subject matter jurisdiction.

¶ 28   Sims forfeited any issue concerning the signature-based objections for review, and the

Board’s decision that Sims lacked the sufficient number of valid signatures must stand. It is

axiomatic that a party cannot raise arguments that it did not present below for the first time on

appeal. Samuelson v. Cook County Officers Electoral Board, 2012 IL App (1st) 120581, ¶ 50.

Where a party fails to argue an issue concerning nomination papers in a petition for judicial

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review of the sufficiency of the nomination papers, the issue is forfeited in an appeal to this

court. Id. at ¶ 51; see also Peterson Plaza Preservation, L.P. v. City of Chicago Department of

Finance, 2019 IL App (1st) 181502, ¶ 40. Sims never appropriately sought review of the Board’s

finding that she only obtained 43 out of the required 47 signatures. The Electoral Board’s

unchallenged ruling that Sims lacked the sufficient number of valid signatures defeats any

argument Sims now raises challenging the Board’s ruling on the merits of the objections.

¶ 29   The Electoral Board also concluded that Sims’ nomination papers were invalid because

certain circulators that circulated petitions on her behalf also circulated petitions for another

candidate. The other candidate at issue was running for election as a member of the Democratic

Party and Sims was seeking to run as an Independent. The Election Code provides that “no

person shall circulate or certify petitions for candidates of more than one political party, or for an

independent candidate or candidates in addition to one political party, to be voted upon at the

next primary or general election, or for such candidates and parties with respect to the same

political subdivision at the next consolidated election.” 10 ILCS 5/10-4 (West 2020).

¶ 30   Sims acknowledges that “[f]ive of the Circulators who circulated petition sheets on behalf

of [Sims] for the April 6, 2021 consolidated general election had also previously circulated

petition sheets on behalf of another Candidate of the Democratic Party for the consolidated

primary election to be held on February 23, 2021.” Sims also acknowledges that we have

previously considered this issue in a case that was “similar to the fact pattern in this case” and

ruled that the nomination papers were invalid. See Wilson v. Municipal Officers Electoral Board

for City of Calumet City, 2013 IL App (1st) 130957, ¶ 18. Sims, however, points out that the

Fourth District of this court reached the opposite conclusion in an opinion issued a few weeks

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before Wilson in Sandefur v. Cunningham Township Officers Electoral Board, 2013 IL App

(4th) 130127. Sims urges us to consider Sandefur and reverse the Electoral Board’s decision.

¶ 31   We need not resolve any conflict between Wilson and Sandefur because Sims does not

challenge the Electoral Board’s finding that she otherwise lacked sufficient signatures to meet

her nomination obligations. Thus, irrespective of the circulators working for multiple candidates

of differing political affiliations, the Electoral Board’s unchallenged ruling that Sims failed to

secure the necessary number of valid signatures is itself a sufficient basis for finding her

nomination papers invalid and ordering that her name be removed from the ballot. Sims has

failed to show that the Electoral Board committed any reversible error, and the Electoral Board’s

decision stands.

¶ 32                                     CONCLUSION

¶ 33   Accordingly, we affirm.

¶ 34   Affirmed.

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