Court Opinion

ID: 816330
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-01-30 16:23:50.665589+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:39:20.626423
License: Public Domain

United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
                        For the Eighth Circuit
                    ___________________________

                            No. 12-6050
                    ___________________________

               In re: Raymond Kelley; Karen Patrice Kelley

                          lllllllllllllllllllllDebtors

                         ------------------------------

                 Raymond Kelley; Karen Patrice Kelley

                   lllllllllllllllllllllDebtors - Appellants

                                      v.

                              Centennial Bank

                     lllllllllllllllllllllMovant - Appellee
                                   ____________

               Appeal from United States Bankruptcy Court
             for the Eastern District of Arkansas - Little Rock
                              ____________

                       Submitted: January 23, 2013
                         Filed: January 30, 2013
                             ____________

Before SCHERMER, FEDERMAN and SALADINO, Bankruptcy Judges.
                        ____________

SCHERMER, Bankruptcy Judge
      The Debtors Raymond Kelley and Karen Patrice Kelley, (the “Debtors”) appeal
from an August 31, 2012 order of the bankruptcy court1 requiring the Debtors to
convey to Centennial Bank (the “Bank”) real property. We have jurisdiction over this
appeal from the final order of the bankruptcy court. See 28 U.S.C. § 158(b). For the
reasons set forth below, we affirm.

                                       ISSUE
        The issue in this appeal is whether the bankruptcy court erred in its
interpretation of the phrase “abandon the properties to Centennial Bank,” as used in
its earlier order and in the Debtors’ confirmed Chapter 11 plan, to require the Debtors
to convey real property to the Bank.2 We hold that the bankruptcy court acted within
its discretion when it interpreted its order and the Chapter 11 plan to mean that the
Debtors were required to convey the real property to the Bank.

                                 BACKGROUND
      On May 18, 2010, the Debtors filed a petition for relief under Chapter 13 of
Title 11 of the United States Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”). A few months later, the
Debtors’ case was converted to Chapter 11.

      The Bank, a long-time creditor of the Debtors with a security interests in
various parcels of the Debtors’ real property, objected to confirmation of the Debtors’

      1
             The Honorable Audrey R. Evans, United States Bankruptcy Judge for
the Eastern District of Arkansas.
      2
            The Debtors made additional arguments before the bankruptcy court
regarding why they should not be required to convey the real property to the Bank.
Because the Debtors did not address any of the additional arguments in their brief on
appeal, we do not consider the additional arguments.

                                         -2-
Chapter 11 plan and filed a motion to dismiss their bankruptcy case. As part of an
Agreed Order, the Bank agreed to withdraw its motion to dismiss and its objection
to confirmation of the plan provided that, within a certain period of time, the Debtors
file an amended plan incorporating language from the Agreed Order. The Agreed
Order states:

      Debtor and Centennial will jointly market the following properties for
      one year from the effective date of the Plan. In the event the properties
      do not sell within that period of time, Debtor will abandon the properties
      to Centennial Bank:
             a. 80 acres of land on Friendship Road;
             b. 30 acres of land on Friendship Road;
             c. Mayflower Car Wash, Miller Street, Mayflower, AR;
             d. Vacant lot next to Mayflower Car Wash;
             e. Gold Creek Car Wash, Mayflower, AR;
             f. Vacant lot 639 Hwy. 365, Mayflower, AR.
The Debtors filed an amended Chapter 11 plan that incorporates as its Paragraph
2.08.5 the language set forth above. The amended plan also incorporates other
required language from the Agreed Order. The bankruptcy court confirmed the
amended plan (the “Confirmed Plan”).

       The Agreed Order and Confirmed Plan address details regarding the sale of the
properties listed in Paragraph 2.08.5 of the Confirmed Plan, including contingencies
that could arise, such as disagreement about price. In addition, the Agreed Order and
Confirmed Plan make separate provisions for times when the Bank may file ex parte
motions for relief from the automatic stay for the Debtor’s failure to comply with
their other obligations under the Confirmed Plan, such as failure by the Debtors to
keep tax and insurance on various properties current.

                                         -3-
      The one year period in the Agreed Order and in Paragraph 2.08.5 of the
Confirmed Plan expired without a sale of the properties and the Debtors did not
convey the properties to the Bank. Thereafter, the Bank filed a “Petition” with the
bankruptcy court, seeking an order directing the Debtors to convey the properties to
the Bank. The Debtors objected to the Bank’s Petition. After a hearing, the
bankruptcy court stated its position on the record and in a written order dated August
31, 2012 (the “August 31, 2012 Order”), noting that the evidence produced at the
hearing showed that the Debtors had not cooperated with the Bank’s efforts to market
and sell the properties and that the properties had not been sold. The bankruptcy
court interpreted the phrase “abandon the properties to Centennial Bank” used in the
Agreed Order and in Paragraph 2.08.5 of the Confirmed Plan and enforced its Agreed
Order and Confirmed Plan. The Debtors were required to “execute the necessary
documents to convey to Centennial the parcels of real property referred to in the . .
. Agreed Order, and included in Paragraph 2.08.5 of the Debtor’s confirmed Chapter
11 plan.”

                            STANDARD OF REVIEW
      The bankruptcy court’s August 31, 2012 Order required it to interpret the
phrase “abandon the properties to Centennial Bank” from the Agreed Order and the
Confirmed Plan. A bankruptcy court’s interpretation of its own order is reviewed for
an abuse of discretion. Trilogy Dev. Co., LLC v. J.E. Dunn Const. Co. (In re Trilogy
Dev. Co.), 468 B.R. 835, 837 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2012) (citation omitted). A bankruptcy
court’s “interpretation of the confirmed plan is entitled to deference as an
interpretation of its own order and ‘should be reviewed under the abuse of discretion
standard.’ ” JCB, Inc. v. Union Planters Bank, N.A., 539 F.3d 862, 869 (8th Cir.
2008) (quoting Gen. Elec. Capital Corp. v. Dial Bus. Forms, Inc. (In re Dial Bus.
Forms, Inc.), 341 F.3d 738, 744 (8th Cir. 2003)). “An abuse of discretion will be
found only if the court’s judgment was based on clearly erroneous factual findings

                                         -4-
or on erroneous legal conclusions.” Trilogy Dev. Co., LLC, 468 B.R. at 837 (citation
omitted). The abuse of discretion standard and the clearly erroneous standard are
almost the same in their application. Boyher v. Radloff (In re Boyher), 467 B.R. 672,
675 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2012) (citation omitted). “A finding is ‘clearly erroneous' when
although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is
left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.”
Anderson v. Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 573 (1985) (quoting U.S. v. U.S. Gypsum
Co., 333 U.S. 364, 395 (1948)).

                                   DISCUSSION
      The Debtors argue that the term “abandon,” in the phrase “abandon the
properties to Centennial Bank” as used in the Agreed Order and the Confirmed Plan,
should not be interpreted to require the Debtors to convey the properties to the Bank.
Rather, the Debtors maintain that the bankruptcy court should have interpreted
“abandon” as a term of art under Bankruptcy Code § 554 to mean to abandon from
the bankruptcy estate and revert to its pre-petition status as property of the Debtors,
accordingly, the Bank might be allowed, at most, relief from the automatic stay to
pursue its state law remedies. 3

      The Agreed Order and the Confirmed Plan do not define the term “abandon”
as used in the phrase “abandon the properties to Centennial Bank.” But the
bankruptcy court is in the best position to interpret the meaning of its own orders.

      3
             The Debtors also argue that the bankruptcy court’s ruling was wrong
because the ordinary dictionary definition of the term “abandon” means “ ‘to give up’,
‘to withdraw from’, ‘to cease from maintaining, practicing or using’ .” As explained,
the only meaning relevant here is the meaning used by the bankruptcy court when it
interpreted the agreement of the parties as set forth in the Agreed Order and the
Confirmed Plan.

                                         -5-
Trilogy Dev. Co., LLC, 468 B.R. at 838 (citation omitted). And the bankruptcy court
did not abuse its discretion in its interpretation.

       The analysis provided by the bankruptcy court is logical, thorough and
supported by the record. The court determined that the Bank refrained from
exercising its rights at the time of the parties’ settlement in exchange for its right to
get the properties back after a year if they were not sold, and it interpreted the Agreed
Order and Confirmed Plan to mean that the Debtors would cooperate in giving the
properties to the Bank. The court read the Agreed Order and the Confirmed Plan as
a whole, noting the thorough details and finding nothing ambiguous about the
agreement of the partes. It stated at the hearing on the Petition: “Abandonment is not
to be considered as some concept in the [Bankruptcy] Code or the common law. This
is an agreement between two parties. It says if the properties do not sell, quote: ‘The
[D]ebtor will abandon the properties to Centennial.’ That’s just very clear.”

       In its August 31, 2012 Order, the bankruptcy court classified the Debtors’
argument that the term “abandon” did not require a conveyance of the properties by
the Debtors, as an argument that “elevates form over substance.” Pointing out that
the parties had provided language allowing the Bank to receive ex parte relief from
the stay if the Debtors did not meet other obligations under the Confirmed Plan, the
court stated that “if that were what the parties had bargained for in their agreement,
that language would have been provided for in the Agreed Order and chapter 11
plan.” The court noted that, instead, the parties agreed that the properties would be
“abandoned to Centennial.”

     Recognizing that it would have been clearer if the parties had used the term
“conveyed,” the court stated that “the provisions of the Agreed Order, taken as a
whole, clearly contemplate that if the properties did not sell, Centennial would obtain

                                          -6-
the properties.” With respect to “abandonment” as a term of art under the Bankruptcy
Code, the court, stated that “[t]here is no evidence the parties intended to use the term
‘abandon’ to refer only to ‘abandonment’ by the estate as that term is used in 11
U.S.C. § 554 (which would not make sense in the context of the Agreed Order).”
And we agree that abandonment under § 554 does not make sense here where the
properties were to be abandoned specifically to Centennial.

      The bankruptcy court’s decision is not based on clearly erroneous factual
findings or erroneous legal conclusions. The court acted within its discretion.

                                   CONCLUSION
      The decision of the bankruptcy court is AFFIRMED.

                                          -7-