Court Opinion

ID: 4277941
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-05-24 07:05:45.923527+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:34:15.642235
License: Public Domain

STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS

PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                   UNPUBLISHED
                                                                   May 22, 2018
               Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                  No. 339570
                                                                   Ingham Circuit Court
TATUM MICHAEL COLE,                                                LC No. 16-000944-FC

               Defendant-Appellant.

Before: MURRAY, C.J., and SERVITTO and BOONSTRA , JJ.

PER CURIAM.

       Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted of involuntary manslaughter, MCL
750.321, and second-degree child abuse, MCL 750.136b(3). Defendant was sentenced to 120 to
180 months’ imprisonment for the involuntary manslaughter conviction, and to a concurrent term
of 80 to 120 months’ imprisonment for the second-degree child abuse conviction. Defendant
appeals as of right, challenging only his sentences. We affirm.

        Defendant first argues that he should not have been assessed 10 points for offense
variable (OV) 10 because he did not exploit the victim for selfish or unethical purposes or abuse
his authority status. Defendant waived this issue by expressly agreeing at sentencing that OV 10
was scored properly. See People v Biddles, 316 Mich. App. 148, 166; 896 NW2d 461 (2016);
People v Hershey, 303 Mich. App. 330, 349; 844 NW2d 127 (2013). Preservation is generally
required to facilitate appellate review “in order to discourage counsel from harboring error as an
appellate parachute[.]” Hershey, 303 Mich. App. at 349, citing People v Carter, 462 Mich. 206,
214; 612 NW2d 144 (2000). At sentencing, the prosecution requested corrections to the
assessments of OV 6 and OV 19. The trial court later expressly asked defense counsel if he was
satisfied that the guidelines scores were accurate, and defense counsel agreed that no other
changes needed to be made to the assessment of the OVs under the sentencing guidelines.
Accordingly, this is not a case in which the defendant missed the first opportunity to challenge
assessment errors because the trial court failed to inquire as to the parties’ positions on the
matter. Hershey, 303 Mich. App. at 353. Rather, defendant expressly stated his satisfaction with

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the trial court’s assessments on the record. See id. at 354. Accordingly, defendant has waived
the issue. See id. at 350-354.1

       Defendant next argues that the trial court violated the principle of proportionality when it
departed upward from the sentencing guidelines range. Specifically, defendant argues that the
nature of his offense was already taken into account by the guidelines and the trial court did not
take notice that this was defendant’s first offense. Because of these perceived deficiencies,
defendant argues, the trial court did not provide an adequate basis for the departure.

        This Court reviews an upward departure from the sentencing guidelines range for
reasonableness. People v Lockridge, 498 Mich. 358, 365; 870 NW2d 502 (2015). “[T]he
standard of review to be applied by appellate courts reviewing a sentence for reasonableness on
appeal is abuse of discretion.” People v Steanhouse, 500 Mich. 453, 471; 902 NW2d 327 (2017)
(Steanhouse II). A sentence is unreasonable—and therefore an abuse of discretion—if the trial
court failed to adhere to the principle of proportionality in imposing its sentence on a defendant.
Id. at 477, citing People v Milbourn, 435 Mich. 630; 461 NW2d 1 (1990). That is, sentences
imposed by trial courts must be proportionate to the seriousness of the circumstances
surrounding the crime and the defendant. Milbourn, 435 Mich. at 636. The Michigan Supreme
Court further explained:

       [A] judge helps to fulfill the overall legislative scheme of criminal punishment by
       taking care to assure that the sentences imposed across the discretionary range are
       proportionate to the seriousness of the matters that come before the court for
       sentencing. In making this assessment, the judge, of course, must take into
       account the nature of the offense and the background of the offender. [Milbourn,
435 Mich. at 651 (emphasis added).]

        Defendant primarily argues that the trial court failed to take his background into account
prior to imposing its sentence. The record does not support this contention. At sentencing,
defense counsel stated:

                [The prosecution] talked about factors that would increase his sentence but
       I’d ask the court to remember also that at the time Mr. Cole was only 21 years
       old; that his background is a background that was filled with less than optimum
       child care as a child from a young age, and the fact that he turned out as well as he
       did is really an testament to his grandmother and his family, but not to his parents,
       and so I’d ask the court to take those things into consideration as you decide the
       sentence on these the matters.

1
  In any event, the trial court properly scored OV 10 at 10 points. Evidence showed that
defendant used his status as the victim’s father to control the vulnerable victim and to keep
others from helping her.

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               I think we’re all affected by the death of this child but I ask the court to
       remember his youth, to remember that during this process there has been some—
       at least in my view, some signs of maturation, and I’d ask that the court sentence
       him to no more than the guidelines.

The trial court heard defendant speak on his own behalf, explaining his lack of tears at
sentencing by stating that he learned at a young age not to cry in front of people he was not
acquainted with. Before handing down the sentence, the trial court responded:

       Your attorney, as always, artfully speaks on behalf of his clients and he talked
       about your young age. Well, you’re old enough to have a child, then you’re old
       enough to care for that child, and your upbringing is not an excuse to kill your
       child.

Defendant’s troubled youth was discussed in the presentence investigation report (PSIR), and the
trial court was apprised of defendant’s past at sentencing. Further, the trial court expressly
referenced defendant’s age and upbringing before sentencing him. Therefore, defendant’s
contention is meritless.

       Defendant further contends that the nature of the offense was already accounted for in the
guidelines and that his sentence was not proportional to his crime. In determining whether to
impose a departure sentence, factors that may be considered include, but are not limited to:

       (1) the seriousness of the offense; (2) factors that were inadequately considered by
       the guidelines; and (3) factors not considered by the guidelines, such as the
       relationship between the victim and the aggressor, the defendant’s misconduct
       while in custody, the defendant’s expressions of remorse, and the defendant’s
       potential for rehabilitation. [People v Steanhouse, 313 Mich. App. 1, 46; 880
       NW2d 297 (2015) (Steanhouse I), aff’d in part and rev’d in part on other grounds
       500 Mich. 453 (2017) (citations omitted).]

Even when a trial court’s reasons justifying a departure are all given some degree of
consideration in the guidelines, an upward departure may be warranted. People v Castillo, 230
Mich. App. 442, 447-449; 584 NW2d 606 (1998). Factual distinctions can justify upward
departures when the trial court feels that the guidelines do not adequately account for the
offenses at bar. See People v Walden, 319 Mich. App. 344, 353-354; 901 NW2d 142 (2017).

       In this case, the trial court stated:

              Well, sir, when your child was crying you did nothing. Absolutely
       nothing. Your roommates were more concerned than you were about your child.
       Your roommates picked up your child. Your roommates tried to comfort your
       child. Your roommates were there [sic] more concerned about why weren’t [sic]
       you helping your child and they didn’t feel they should interfere. I heard the
       testimony. It was very difficult to listen to, and I listen to a lot of testimony, but
       when I saw your beautiful daughter on the screen, I don’t know how you could
       ignore her cries for help.

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               We all must speak on behalf of those who cannot speak for themselves
       and that is your responsibility when you become a parent. If you didn’t want a
       child, wear a condom. Don’t have sex.

                Your attorney, as always, artfully speaks on behalf of his clients and he
       talked about your young age. Well, you’re old enough to have a child, then
       you’re old enough to care for that child, and your upbringing is not an excuse to
       kill your child. You failed to speak on behalf of your daughter. You failed to
       listen to her cries. You failed to protect her. In fact, you took her distress and
       you made it worse and worse and worse until you killed her. The only remorse,
       sir, that you have is for yourself that you will be locked away and taken from your
       own family[.]

              Sorry for yourself. Sorry doesn’t bring Ava back. Sorry doesn’t allow the
       mother to hold and comfort her child. Your tears were for yourself, sir.

        OV 10 accounts for the exploitation of vulnerable victims on the basis of age or domestic
relationship. See MCL 777.40(1)(b). However, it does not adequately account for the
particularly egregious act of shaking one’s infant child and hurling her to the floor. Further,
while the 10 points defendant was assessed under OV 19 (interference with the administration of
justice), MCL 777.49(c), at least partially accounted for defendant’s behavior in attempting to
hide evidence of drug and alcohol abuse from the police, it did not adequately weigh the fact that
defendant’s child lay dying as he did so, or that he actively attempted to hinder his roommates
from providing aid to the helpless infant. Finally, defendant’s apparent lack of remorse for his
actions is a factor weighing in favor of departure. See Steanhouse I, 313 Mich. App. at 46.

        The trial court articulated numerous factors in rendering the sentence, each of which were
permissible under caselaw. And, as noted, the trial court was aware of defendant’s background
prior to sentencing. Accordingly, we reject defendant’s specific challenge to his sentence.2

       Affirmed.

                                                            /s/ Christopher M. Murray
                                                            /s/ Deborah A. Servitto
                                                            /s/ Mark T. Boonstra

2
 Defendant does not argue that the trial court failed to explain why this particular sentence was
more proportionate to defendant and the crime than the recommended sentence under the
advisory guidelines.

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