Court Opinion

ID: 4113726
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-01-06 18:11:14.595352+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:22:42.311992
License: Public Domain

J-A33015-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

M.P.                                             IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                       PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

M.A.P.

                            Appellant                 No. 897 WDA 2016

                  Appeal from the Order Entered May 20, 2016
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County
                       Civil Division at No(s): 2014-7015

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., SOLANO, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                          FILED JANUARY 6, 2017

        M.A.P. (Mother) appeals from the custody order regarding L.P. (Child)

entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County on May 20,

2016.      Among other things, the order specifies that Mother and M.P.

(Father) shall have 50/50 shared physical custody of Child. Upon review, we

affirm.

        The trial court summarized the relevant facts and procedural history as

follows:

        Father and Mother are the parents of one minor child, [(the
        Child)], who is currently six years of age. Mother and Father
        were married on September 22, 2006. This was Father’s first
        marriage and Mother’s second. Mother had three daughters
        from a previous marriage. [Child] was born on May 13, 2010.
        On or about September 29, 2014, Mother filed for divorce from
____________________________________________

*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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     Father, and Father ultimately left the marital residence at
     Mother’s request on or about October 31, 2014. Mother, Father
     and [Child] lived as an intact family until Father vacated the
     residence in October 2014.

     On or about November 13, 2014, Father filed a [c]omplaint for
     [c]ustody seeking shared physical and legal custody of [Child].
     On January 7, 2014, the parties entered into an [i]nterim
     [c]ustody [c]onsent [o]rder that provided shared legal custody
     of [Child] to Mother and Father and granted Mother primary
     physical custody. Father was entitled to partial physical custody
     every other weekend from after school on Friday until 5:00 p.m.
     on Sunday and every Wednesday from after school to Thursday
     at 5:00 p.m. Following a [c]ustody [c]onciliation [c]onference
     on April 6, 2015, the parties entered into another [i]nterim
     [c]ustody [c]onsent [o]rder[,] [which] granted both parties two
     non-consecutive seven day periods of vacation, granted the
     Mother’s Day holiday to Mother, granted the Father’s Day holiday
     to Father and [Child’s] birthday visitation was planned out. A
     half-day [c]ustody [c]onciliation [c]onference was scheduled for
     August 10, 2015.

     Prior to the half-day [c]ustody [c]onciliation [c]onference on
     August 10, 2015, both parties were required to complete a
     [c]ustody [e]ducation [p]rogram. At the half-day [c]ustody
     [c]onciliation [c]onference, Mother was precluded from
     presenting any evidence because she had not completed said
     [c]ustody [e]ducation [p]rogram. On September 3, 2015, this
     [c]ourt adopted the [r]ecommended [o]rder of Conference
     Officer David Rudnquist, and issued [an order] that granted both
     parties legal custody of [Child] and granted the parties shared
     physical custody on a rotating 3-4-4-3 basis. On September 29,
     2015, Mother requested a [t]rial [d]e [n]ovo and a [p]re-[t]rial
     [c]onference was scheduled for November 23, 2015.

     However, prior to the [p]re-[t]rial [c]onference, Father
     presented a [p]etition for [s]pecial [r]elief to this [c]ourt. The
     [petition] stated that the 3-4-4-3 schedule . . . provided Father
     with no weekend time.        Father’s counsel proposed a new
     schedule that would essentially follow the periods as suggested
     in the [r]ecommended [o]order, but that would also provide
     each party with a Saturday and Sunday on alternating
     weekends. On October 20, 2015[,] this [c]ourt adopted the
     schedule as suggested . . . so that Father and Mother would each
     enjoy every other weekend with [Child], as well as continuing

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      their shared custody arrangement. Afterwards, on November
      18, 2015, this Court entered an [o]rder amending the
      [r]ecommended [o]rder dated September 3, 2015, so that the
      parties shared primary custody of [Child] on a 5-2-2-5 custody
      rotation, and all other provisions . . . remained in full force and
      effect. The November 18, 2015 [c]ourt [o]rder vacated the
      [o]rder of [c]ourt dated October 20, 2015.

      On November 23, 2015, a [p]re-[t]rial [c]onference was held in
      this matter. Upon agreement of the parties, a subsequent
      [conference] was scheduled for January 29, 2016. Thereafter a
      trial de novo took place before the undersigned on April 18,
      2016, April 19, 2016, and May 6, 2016. Father [sought] shared
      physical and shared legal custody. Father [] also request[ed]
      that [Child] attend the Peters Township School District and that
      the parties have a week-on[-]week-off custody schedule that
      limits the child’s transportation to and from the parties’ homes,
      to one exchange per week. Mother [] request[ed] primary
      physical custody and that [Child] attend the McGuffey School
      District.

Trial Court Opinion, 7/20/16, at 1-3.

      The trial court issued an order on May 20, 2016, changing the 50/50

custody arrangement to a 5-2-2-5 rotation so that Child would switch

between Mother and Father once per week.         The court also ordered that

Child shall attend the Peters Township School District beginning in August

2016. Mother filed a timely notice of appeal and concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Mother raises the

following issues for our review:

      1. Did the trial court commit legal error and abuse its discretion
         in entering a 50/50 shared physical custody arrangement
         when applying the custody factors of 23 Pa.C.S.A. [§] 5328?

      2. Did the trial court commit legal error and abuse its discretion
         by ordering [Child to] attend school in Father’s school district
         (Peters Township) thereby removing the child from Mother’s
         [s]chool [d]istrict (McGuffey)[?]

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      3. Did the trial court commit an error of law and abuse its
         discretion in finding that [Mother’s] email of December 8,
         2014, demonstrates [her] belief that she unilaterally has the
         right to control Father’s contact with [Child]?

      4. Did the trial court commit an error of law and abuse its
         discretion in finding that [Mother] would only permit one
         phone call between [Father] and [Child] while she was on
         vacation?

      5. Did the trial court commit an error law and abuse its
         discretion in finding that [Mother] would not allow [Father]
         any additional time if she was granted a greater level of
         custody?

      6. Did the trial court commit an error of law and abuse its
         discretion in finding that testimony offered by [Mother’s]
         three (3) other minor children and sister was not credible as
         to [Father’s] role in the household prior to separation?

Brief for Appellant, at 11-12.

            Our standard and scope of review are as follows:

      In reviewing a custody order, our scope is of the broadest type
      and our standard is abuse of discretion.          We must accept
      findings of the trial court that are supported by competent
      evidence of record, as our role does not include making
      independent factual determinations. In addition, with regard to
      issues of credibility and weight of the evidence, we must defer to
      the presiding trial judge who viewed and assessed the witnesses
      first-hand. However, we are not bound by the trial court’s
      deductions or inferences from its factual findings. Ultimately,
      the test is whether the trial court’s conclusions are unreasonable
      as shown by the evidence of record.            We may reject the
      conclusions of the trial court only if they involve an error of law,
      or are unreasonable in light of the sustainable findings of the
      trial court. When a trial court orders a form of custody, the best
      interest of the child is paramount. The factors to be considered
      by a court when awarding custody are set forth at 23 Pa.C.S. §
      5328(a).

E.R. v. J.N.B., 129 A.3d 521, 527 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citations and

quotations omitted). Further,

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       When deciding a petition to modify custody, a court must
       conduct a thorough analysis of the best interests of the child
       based on the relevant [s]ection 5328(a) factors. All of the
       factors listed in section 5328(a) are required to be considered by
       the trial court when entering a custody order.

A.V. v. S.T., 87 A.3d 818, 822 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citations and quotations

omitted).

       We note that Mother raises several issues on appeal,1 which involve

the trial court considering the evidence, making credibility determinations,

weighing the factors set forth in section 5328(a), and coming to a conclusion

that is other than the outcome Mother desires. However, Mother does not

point to any instance in the record in which the court failed to consider any

of the required factors, nor does she cite to any portion of the record to

support her argument that the court abused its discretion. Mother merely

argues that the court decided the issues incorrectly. Indeed, a review of this

matter indicates that the record has been well-developed and that the court

appropriately considered each statutory factor and provided an evidentiary

basis for its determinations.

       As to Mother’s first issue, she argues that the court abused its

discretion in ordering a 50/50 shared physical custody arrangement. Mother
____________________________________________

1
  Mother’s brief fails to follow appellate rules regarding citation to the record
and largely fails to cite to relevant legal authority. See Jones v. Jones,
878 A.2d 86, 90 (Pa. Super. 2005) (finding waiver of issues on appeal for
failure to follow appellate briefing rules, including development of argument
and citation to relevant legal authority). Here, however, because we are
able to discern the issues raised, we will dispose of them on the merits.

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argues that the commute, approximately 40 minutes each way, is

unreasonable. However, Mother offers no legal support for this argument,

nor does she provide any evidence that this has been detrimental to Child.

The trial court determined, after weighing the custody factors, that it would

be in Child’s best interest to have equal time with both parents. Moreover,

the 5-2-2-5 arrangement requires Child to switch households only once per

week. Accordingly, we find no abuse of discretion on the part of the court.

      Next, Mother argues that the court abused its discretion in ordering

that Child attend school in the Peters Township School District.    Evidence

was presented that Peters Township is superior to the McGuffey School

District, where Mother resides.     It is not contested that Child is highly

intelligent.   Father testified that it is important that Child be challenged

academically. Mother merely argues, based upon her personal opinion, that

Child would excel in the McGuffey School District because her other children

did well in that district, but she offered no evidence on the record that

McGuffey would be a better placement for Child. Thus, when presented with

evidence that Peters Township is superior, the court did not abuse its

discretion in ordering that Child attend school there instead of the McGuffey

School District.

      Mother presents an argument regarding an email she sent to Father on

December 8, 2014, which was shortly after Mother and Father had

separated. In the email, Mother wrote the following:

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         Concerning your request to have [Child] a few overnights next
         week in addition to your weekend, I am not in agreement with
         you for [Child] to stay overnight at your house 3-4 nights a
         week. What we had spoken about, both before you moved out
         and since is as follows: Alternating weekends with me to have
         [Child]. Also, I have offered that you can have [Child] one night
         each week, Monday – Thursday, coinciding with my work trips.
         In the event you do not have him one overnight, you see him
         two evenings during the week. Additionally, I have also offered
         that if you have free time during a weekday, i.e.[,] between 8am
         and 5pm, you are free to see [Child] during that period. Pending
         a custody hearing and ruling this is the visitation schedule I am
         willing to work out with you.

Mother’s Email to Father, 12/8/14. Mother claims that the trial court erred

in determining that this email showed that Mother believed that she could

unilaterally control the amount of time Father could enjoy with Child. The

final sentence belies Mother’s claim of error, as it indicates her inflexible

stance on the subject. Accordingly, we discern no error on the part of the

court.

         Next, Mother asserts that the court committed an error by finding that

Mother would only permit Father to speak with Child on the phone once

while she and Child were on vacation.         Mother argues that this unfairly

places her in a negative light.        The record reveals that an email was

admitted into evidence in which Mother informed Father that he “may call

[Child] once while we’re on vacation[.]” Mother’s Email to Father, 7/17/15.

Accordingly, this issue is baseless.

         Mother also argues that the court abused its discretion when it

determined that if she were granted a greater level of custody, she would

not permit Father to have additional visitation time. Evidence was presented

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at trial to refute Mother’s claim, including an instance in which Mother

refused to allow Father to take Child to his company’s picnic despite her

having notice of it a month in advance.       Thus, we find that the court’s

determination was not an abuse of discretion.

      Finally, Mother argues that the court abused its discretion in weighing

the credibility of her sister’s and her children’s testimony regarding Father’s

role in the household prior to Mother and Father separating. Mother asserts

that the testimony of these witnesses establishes that Father was not

involved in the household in an attempt to demonstrate that he was not

invested in a relationship with Child. However, evidence was presented that

both Father and Mother provided for Child’s physical and emotional needs.

Additionally, credibility and weight of the evidence were determinations for

the court to make, and we discern no abuse of discretion.

      For the foregoing reasons, we find that the trial court’s determinations

were reasonable and that the court did not abuse its discretion or commit an

error of law in entering the custody order in this matter. E.R., supra.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/6/2017

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