Court Opinion

ID: 4699472
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-06-29 14:18:43.018526+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:06:03.172699
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

              Present: Judges Beales, Huff and Senior Judge Annunziata
UNPUBLISHED

              RICHARD EPPS
                                                                              MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.     Record No. 0030-21-1                                         PER CURIAM
                                                                                  JUNE 29, 2021
              PORTSMOUTH DEPARTMENT
               OF SOCIAL SERVICES

                              FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF PORTSMOUTH
                                             Johnny E. Morrison, Judge

                               (Elliott O. Moody; Eric O. Moody & Associates, P.C., on brief), for
                               appellant.

                               (Burle U. Stromberg, Interim City Attorney; Shelia C. Riddick,
                               Assistant City Attorney; Barrett Richardson, Guardian ad litem for
                               the minor child; Richardson & Rosenberg, LLC, on brief), for
                               appellee.

                     Richard Epps (father) appeals the circuit court’s order terminating his parental rights to

              his daughter. Father argues that the circuit court erred in finding that there was sufficient

              evidence to terminate his parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C). Upon reviewing the record

              and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we affirm

              the decision of the circuit court. See Rule 5A:27.

                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                                           BACKGROUND1

         “On appeal from the termination of parental rights, this Court is required to review the

evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing in the circuit court.” Yafi v. Stafford

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 69 Va. App. 539, 550-51 (2018) (quoting Thach v. Arlington Cnty. Dep’t

of Hum. Servs., 63 Va. App. 157, 168 (2014)).

         Father and Jeneve Marshall (mother) are the biological parents to the daughter who is the

subject of this appeal.2 In September 2015, mother was arrested after she entered her son’s

school and held down a student at that school while that student was assaulted. After her arrest,

mother had arranged for a friend to care for her daughter, but the friend could not provide

long-term care. The child, who was then three years old, entered foster care on September 21,

2015. The City of Portsmouth Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (the JDR court)

subsequently adjudicated that the child was abused or neglected and entered a dispositional

order.

         The Portsmouth Department of Social Services (the Department) spoke with father, who

lived in Texas. Father suggested his mother, Diana Gibson (the paternal grandmother), as a

possible placement for the child. Because the paternal grandmother lived in Texas, the

Department requested an assessment of the paternal grandmother through the Interstate Compact

on the Placement of Children (ICPC) three times, but the request was denied every time, most

recently in April 2019.

         1
         The record in this case was sealed. Nevertheless, the appeal necessitates unsealing
relevant portions of the record to resolve the issues appellant has raised. Evidence and factual
findings below that are necessary to address the assignments of error are included in this opinion.
Consequently, “[t]o the extent that this opinion mentions facts found in the sealed record, we
unseal only those specific facts, finding them relevant to the decision in this case. The remainder
of the previously sealed record remains sealed.” Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1
(2017).
         2
             Both father and mother have other children who are not the subject of this appeal.
                                                  -2-
       While father did not always keep the Department aware of his whereabouts, the paternal

grandmother maintained contact with the Department and informed the social worker that father

was incarcerated in March 2017.3 The Department sent father a letter while he was incarcerated

to update him on the status of the child and encourage him to send letters and pictures for the

child. Father did not send anything for the child and reiterated that he would like the paternal

grandmother to be considered as a placement for the child. Father remained incarcerated for

approximately three years. Upon father’s release from incarceration, the Department spoke with

father and learned of his plans to live with the paternal grandmother in Texas.

       On June 10, 2020, the JDR court terminated father’s parental rights and approved the

foster care goal of adoption.4 Father appealed the JDR court’s rulings to the circuit court.

       On October 29, 2020, the parties appeared before the circuit court. The Department

presented evidence that the child was eight years old and had been in foster care for five years.

The child had resided with the same foster family since May 2016 and had a “good relationship”

with them. The Department explained that the child had special needs, for which she took

medication and participated in therapy.

       Father testified that he last saw the child in August 2015 and had made no attempts to

visit with her while she was in foster care. He explained that he did not see the child between

August 2015 and his incarceration in 2017 because he “just couldn’t do it at that moment.”

While the child was in foster care, father’s only contact with the child was three or four

telephone calls that lasted approximately five minutes each.5 The child had called to speak with

       3
           Father was incarcerated for a drug court violation.
       4
          Mother signed an entrustment agreement and voluntarily relinquished her parental
rights to the child.
       5
           According to the record before us, father last spoke with the child on June 7, 2020.
                                                  -3-
the paternal grandmother or mother, and father was included in the phone call; he did not initiate

any of the calls. Father did not send the child any letters or presents himself, but the paternal

grandmother sent her cards and presents. Father testified that he could not travel to Virginia to

see the child because he was working and attending Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics

Anonymous meetings.

       Father asked the circuit court not to terminate his parental rights to the child because he

“really didn’t have a part in losing her” and was now “focused on the right path.” He admitted

that he thought the paternal grandmother or mother would receive custody of the child, but since

“that didn’t work out,” he was interested in having custody.

       After hearing the evidence and arguments, the circuit court took the matter under

advisement. The circuit court subsequently issued a letter opinion, finding that the evidence was

sufficient to terminate father’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) and (C)(2) and that

the termination was in the child’s best interests. The circuit court entered an order

memorializing its ruling. This appeal followed.

                                            ANALYSIS

       “On review, ‘[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly weighed all the evidence,

considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best

interests.’” Castillo v. Loudoun Cnty. Dep’t of Fam. Servs., 68 Va. App. 547, 558 (2018)

(quoting Logan v. Fairfax Cnty. Dep’t of Hum. Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128 (1991)). “Where, as

here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great weight and will not be

disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Fauquier Cnty.

Dep’t of Soc. Servs. v. Ridgeway, 59 Va. App. 185, 190 (2011) (quoting Martin v. Pittsylvania

Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20 (1986)).

                                                -4-
        The circuit court found that it was in the best interests of the child to terminate father’s

parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) and (2). Termination under Code § 16.1-283(C)(1)

requires clear and convincing evidence that

                 [t]he parent [has] . . . without good cause, failed to maintain
                 continuing contact with and to provide or substantially plan for the
                 future of the child for a period of six months after the child’s
                 placement in foster care notwithstanding the reasonable and
                 appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health or other
                 rehabilitative agencies to communicate with the parent or parents
                 and to strengthen the parent-child relationship.

“Proof that the parent or parents have failed without good cause to communicate on a continuing

and planned basis with the child for a period of six months shall constitute prima facie evidence

of this condition . . . .” Id.

        Father argues that the circuit court erred in terminating his parental rights. He asserts that

it would not be in the child’s best interests to terminate his parental rights. He contends that he

had not failed to maintain continuing contact without good cause because he had lived out of

state when the child entered foster care and then he was incarcerated. Father further argues that

the circuit court erred in finding that the Department made reasonable and appropriate efforts to

assist him in remedying the conditions that led to the child’s placement in foster care because the

Department had provided no services to him.

        The circuit court found that the Department made “reasonable and appropriate efforts to

offer services to [father] and to strengthen the parent/child relationship,” but father “failed to

maintain continuing contact with [the child] and . . . made no plan for her future.” “‘Reasonable

and appropriate’ efforts can only be judged with reference to the circumstances of a particular

case. Thus, a court must determine what constitutes reasonable and appropriate efforts given the

facts before the court.” Harrison v. Tazewell Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 42 Va. App. 149, 163

(2004) (quoting Ferguson v. Stafford Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 14 Va. App. 333, 338 (1992)).

                                                 -5-
       The Department had contact with father when the child entered foster care and informed

him of the emergency removal hearing. The Department also offered to arrange visitation

between father and the child, but he never asked to visit with her. Rather, father suggested that

the Department consider the paternal grandmother, not him, as a possible placement for the

child. As requested, the Department investigated the paternal grandmother as a potential

placement, but the ICPC was denied three times.

       Father was incarcerated for approximately three out of the five years that the child was in

foster care. Contrary to father’s arguments, the Department was not required to offer him

services while he was incarcerated. See Harrison, 42 Va. App. at 163-64. This Court has held

that “[i]t would be patently unreasonable to require the Department, under such circumstances, to

continue to offer services.” Id. Nevertheless, during father’s incarceration, the Department

encouraged him to send cards, letters, and pictures to the child. Father did not do so.

       Upon his release from incarceration, the Department spoke with father, and he continued

to state that “his plan was always for his mom to get her.” Father spoke to the child on the

telephone three or four times, for approximately five minutes each time. Father did not initiate

any of the calls. Moreover, father did not always maintain contact with the Department; at the

time of the circuit court hearing, the social worker did not know where father was living. The

Department “is not required to force its services upon an unwilling or disinterested parent.”

Tackett v. Arlington Cnty. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 62 Va. App. 296, 323 (2013) (quoting Harris v.

Lynchburg Div. of Soc. Servs., 223 Va. 235, 243 (1982)); see also Logan, 13 Va. App. at 130.

       Father made no attempts to see the child, either before or after his incarceration. The

circuit court found that within the first six months of the child being in foster care, the

Department “had initial contact with [father], but he provided no substantial planning for [the

child’s] future.” Father repeatedly told the Department to consider the paternal grandmother, not

                                                 -6-
him, as a possible placement. The circuit court further found that father “never took any steps

toward achieving permanency for [the child] or toward coming to retrieve her.”

       During the circuit court hearing, father indicated that he wanted to care for the child, but

he presented no evidence of any definitive plans for the child. Father’s childcare plan was

simply “school and daycare.” He was not familiar with the child’s diagnoses, and he had not

spoken with the child’s therapists or teachers. Father had not seen the child in over five years

and had not spoken to her in months. The circuit court found that father and the child had “no

meaningful relationship.” Father was not in a position to care for the child. “It is clearly not in

the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy period of time waiting to find out when, or even if,

a parent will be capable of resuming his [or her] responsibilities.” Tackett, 62 Va. App. at 322

(quoting Kaywood v. Halifax Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540 (1990)).

       Considering the totality of the record, the circuit court did not err in terminating father’s

parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(1).6

                                          CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is affirmed. Rule 5A:27.

                                                                                           Affirmed.

       6
         “When a lower court’s judgment is made on alternative grounds, this Court need only
determine whether any of the alternatives is sufficient to sustain the judgment.” Castillo, 68
Va. App. at 574 n.9; see also Fields v. Dinwiddie Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 8
(2005) (the Court affirmed termination of parental rights under one subsection of Code
§ 16.1-283 and did not need to address termination of parental rights pursuant to another
subsection). Because we find that the circuit court did not err in terminating father’s parental
rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(1), we, therefore, do not reach the question of whether father’s
parental rights should also have been terminated under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).
                                               -7-