Court Opinion

ID: 7804821
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-30 16:11:09.803637+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:29:54.439870
License: Public Domain

J-A10041-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA            :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                         :        PENNSYLVANIA
                   Appellee              :
                                         :
              v.                         :
                                         :
 WAYNE E. BRANT JR.                      :
                                         :
                   Appellant             :        No. 1240 MDA 2021

    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered September 24, 2019
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Fulton County
           Criminal Division at No(s): CP-29-CR-0000236-2018

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA            :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                         :        PENNSYLVANIA
                   Appellee              :
                                         :
              v.                         :
                                         :
 WAYNE EUGENE BRANT, JR.                 :
                                         :
                   Appellant             :        No. 1241 MDA 2021

    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered September 24, 2019
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Fulton County
           Criminal Division at No(s): CP-29-CR-0000251-2018

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., KUNSELMAN, J., and KING, J.

MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.:                           FILED AUGUST 30, 2022

     Appellant, Wayne Eugene Brant Jr., appeals nunc pro tunc from the

judgment of sentence entered in the Fulton County Court of Common Pleas,

following his jury trial convictions for conspiracy, theft by unlawful taking—

movable property, receiving stolen property, persons not to possess firearms,
J-A10041-22

and firearms not to be carried without a license.1 We affirm.

       The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.

The Commonwealth charged Appellant with various offenses at two separate

dockets in relation to a series of reported thefts that occurred in

McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania on the morning of September 27, 2018. On

December 17, 2018, the Commonwealth filed a notice of joinder. A jury trial

for both dockets commenced on August 8, 2019.

       Tyler Elmes, a McConnellsburg resident, testified that around 6:00 a.m.

on September 27th, he discovered his credit cards and 9mm Smith and Wesson

pistol missing from his truck.        L.D. Chip Keebaugh, another local resident,

testified that around 8:00 a.m. on the same day, he discovered that his 9mm

Ruger pistol, his TNW 9mm rifle, credit cards, laptops, a black tactical bag and

other various items were missing from his car. Jeremy Woolford testified that

around 6:15 a.m. the same day, he saw a man wearing a bright colored shirt

standing very close to his car who fled when he saw Mr. Woolford approaching.

Upon checking his car, Mr. Woolford realized that his wallet was missing.

Naomi Westberry testified that on the same morning at around 5:30 a.m., she

saw a man wearing a dark hoodie rummaging inside her car. The individual

fled on foot as soon as Ms. Westberry approached the vehicle; the individual

appeared to be carrying a black bag.

____________________________________________

1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 903, 3921(a), 3925(a), 6105(a)(1), and 6106(a)(1),
respectively.

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      State Trooper Salvatore Scavone testified that at approximately 6:00

a.m. on September 27, 2018, he responded to a call from Ms. Westberry

regarding a vehicle theft. Ms. Westberry relayed that the individual was a

white male wearing a dark blue shirt, and her husband reported seeing an

individual in a bright orange shirt in the area.          While canvasing the

neighborhood, Trooper Scavone observed Appellant and Brandon Horton pull

into a laundromat in a Jeep. Appellant was wearing a bright orange shirt and

Mr. Horton was in a dark hoodie, matching the physical descriptions provided

by Ms. Westberry and her husband. Upon approaching the vehicle, Trooper

Scavone observed a loaded Smith and Wesson gun magazine on the

passenger side floor, where Appellant had been sitting.

      Mr. Horton allowed Trooper Scavone to search the vehicle. From the

search, police recovered the stolen Smith and Wesson gun from the glovebox

in front of where Appellant had been sitting. Additionally, police found another

Smith and Wesson pistol magazine as well as Ruger pistol rounds in the Jeep.

Trooper Scavone also reported seeing a blue long-sleeved shirt and yellow

shirt in the backseat.   Upon searching Appellant, police found credit cards

belonging to various victims in Appellant’s pockets. Appellant claimed he had

not stolen these items and had found all of them along the side of the road.

After he was arrested, Appellant stated that Mr. Horton gave him the credit

cards and the gun. Appellant denied participating in any theft.

      State Trooper Jeffrey Hahn testified that he located other stolen items

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nearby alongside the road, including the Ruger pistol and the TNW rifle in a

black tactical bag lying abandoned on the same street Mr. Woolford reported

seeing an individual flee from his car. He testified further that a total of nine

separate incidents of theft from motor vehicles were reported on the morning

of September 27th in the area immediately surrounding the location where the

black tactical bag was found.

      Appellant testified that he agreed to accompany Mr. Horton to

McConnellsburg    to   visit   Mr.   Horton’s   girlfriend   and   they   arrived   in

McConnellsburg sometime after 3:00 a.m. on September 27, 2018.                 After

being unable to locate Mr. Horton’s girlfriend, the pair realized that there was

not enough gas in the car to return home and neither party had money to pay

for gas.   At approximately 4:00 a.m., Mr. Horton left Appellant in the car

claiming that “he would figure something out.” After waiting for 20 minutes,

Appellant walked to Sheetz to attempt to panhandle money.                  Appellant

acquired $10.00 from a woman at Sheetz and got lost trying to find his way

back to the Jeep. At approximately 5:30 a.m. Appellant returned to the car

and Mr. Horton returned 10 minutes later. Mr. Horton did not tell Appellant

where he went but informed Appellant that he acquired money for gas. Mr.

Horton then handed Appellant several credit cards and asked Appellant to

check if they were any good.         Immediately after, Mr. Horton pulled into a

laundromat and Trooper Scavone approached them. Appellant stated that he

did not know that the credit cards were stolen and was unaware of the other

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stolen items found in the car.

      State Trooper Cody Hollibaugh testified that the Sheetz that Appellant

claimed to be at had approximately eight or more security cameras covering

all angles of the inside and outside of the store. Trooper Hollibough testified

that he carefully reviewed all footage from 1:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m. on

September 27th and Appellant did not appear in any of the footage from inside

or outside the store. Additionally, when he was arrested, Appellant did not

have $10.00 on his person.

      On August 9, 2019, the jury found Appellant guilty of multiple counts of

conspiracy, theft by unlawful taking, receiving stolen property, persons not to

possess firearms, and carrying firearms without a license. On September 24,

2019, the court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate sentence of 216 to 432

months’ imprisonment.      Appellant timely filed a post-sentence motion on

October 4, 2019, which was denied by operation of law on February 10, 2020.

      Following reinstatement of Appellant’s direct appeal rights, Appellant

timely filed a notice of appeal nunc pro tunc at each underlying docket number

on September 23, 2021. On October 5, 2021, the court ordered Appellant to

file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on appeal,

and Appellant timely complied on November 4, 2021. This Court consolidated

the appeals sua sponte on November 4, 2021.

      Appellant presents the following 11 issues for our review:

         1) Whether the trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence
         to convict Appellant of Count 3, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903

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       conspiracy— theft by unlawful taking—movable property
       when the evidence fails to establish that Appellant agreed
       with another to exercise control over a Smith and Wesson
       9mm pistol found in co-defendant’s vehicle?

       2) Whether the trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence
       to convict Appellant of Count 1, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3921(a) theft
       by unlawful taking—movable property when the evidence
       fails to establish that Appellant exercised control over a
       black Ruger LC9 9mm pistol, TNW Firearms 9mm rifle or any
       of the property belonging to L.D. Chip Keebaugh found in a
       bag at 630 Lincoln Way East?

       3) Whether the trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence
       to convict Appellant of Count 1, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3921(a) theft
       by unlawful taking—movable property when the evidence
       fails to establish that Appellant exercised control over a
       Smith and Wesson 9mm pistol found in co-defendant’s
       vehicle and that the evidence failed to establish that if the
       Appellant did exercise control over the firearm that it was
       with the intent to deprive the victim of his property?

       4) Whether the trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence
       to convict Appellant of Count 2, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3925(a)
       receiving stolen property when the evidence fails to
       establish that Appellant was in possession of a black Ruger
       LC9 9mm pistol, TNW Firearms 9mm rifle or any of the
       property belonging to L.D. Chip Keebaugh found in a bag at
       630 Lincoln Way East?

       5) Whether the trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence
       to convict Appellant of Count 2, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3925(a)
       receiving stolen property when the evidence fails to
       establish that Appellant was in possession of the Smith and
       Wesson 9mm pistol found in co-defendant’s vehicle?

       6) Whether the trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence
       to convict Appellant of Count 3, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(a)(1)
       possession of firearm prohibited when the evidence fails to
       establish that Appellant possessed, used or exercised
       control over a Smith and Wesson 9mm pistol found in co-
       defendant’s vehicle?

       7) Whether the trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence

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         to convict Appellant of Count 4, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(a)(1)
         possession of firearm prohibited when the evidence fails to
         establish that Appellant possessed, used or exercised
         control over a black Ruger LC9 9mm pistol found in a bag at
         630 Lincoln Way East?

         8) Whether the trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence
         to convict Appellant of Count 5, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(a)(1)
         possession of firearm prohibited when the evidence fails to
         establish that Appellant possessed, used or exercised
         control over TNW Firearms 9mm rifle found in a bag at 630
         Lincoln Way East?

         9) Whether the trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence
         to convict Appellant of Count 6, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6106(a)(1)
         firearms not to be carried without a license when the
         evidence fails to establish that Appellant carried a firearm in
         a vehicle or concealed on or about his person?

         10) Whether the trial court erred in finding sufficient
         evidence to convict Appellant of Count 7, 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
         6106(a)(1) firearms not to be carried without a license when
         the evidence fails to establish that Appellant carried a
         firearm in a vehicle or concealed on or about his person?

         11) Whether the trial court’s imposition of consecutive,
         rather than concurrent, sentences is unduly harsh,
         considering the nature of the crimes and the length of
         imprisonment?

(Appellant’s Brief at 4-7) (reordered for purpose of disposition).

      In his first ten issues combined, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of

the evidence to sustain his convictions. Appellant argues the Commonwealth

failed to present evidence that Appellant entered into an agreement with Mr.

Horton to commit any crimes. Appellant asserts there was no evidence that

Appellant participated in planning the thefts or even had knowledge the thefts

would occur. Additionally, Appellant contends there was no direct evidence

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linking Appellant to the discarded black tactical bag containing stolen items,

including the Ruger pistol and TNW rifle.      Appellant emphasizes that Ms.

Westberry testified that an individual matching Mr. Horton’s description was

rummaging in her car and carrying the black bag which was later recovered.

Appellant maintains there is no evidence in the record establishing that at any

time Appellant possessed the black bag and its contents, or even knew of its

existence.

       Further, Appellant contends that the mere fact that the Smith and

Wesson gun was found in the glovebox in front of Appellant is not enough to

establish that he possessed it. Appellant claims police recovered the firearm

in Mr. Horton’s car and there is no evidence that Appellant removed the item

from    the   victim’s   vehicle.    Additionally,   Appellant   maintains   the

Commonwealth presented no evidence that Appellant exercised control over

any of the stolen guns. Appellant concludes the Commonwealth presented

insufficient evidence to sustain his convictions, and this Court should reverse

his convictions and vacate the judgment of sentence. We disagree.

       In reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence:

          As a general matter, our standard of review of sufficiency
          claims requires that we evaluate the record in the light most
          favorable to the verdict winner giving the prosecution the
          benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the
          evidence. Evidence will be deemed sufficient to support the
          verdict when it establishes each material element of the
          crime charged and the commission thereof by the accused,
          beyond a reasonable doubt.              Nevertheless, the
          Commonwealth need not establish guilt to a mathematical
          certainty. Any doubt about the defendant’s guilt is to be

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          resolved by the fact finder unless the evidence is so weak
          and inconclusive that, as a matter of law, no probability of
          fact can be drawn from the combined circumstances.

          The Commonwealth may sustain its burden by means of
          wholly circumstantial evidence. Accordingly, [t]he fact that
          the evidence establishing a defendant’s participation in a
          crime is circumstantial does not preclude a conviction where
          the evidence coupled with the reasonable inferences drawn
          therefrom overcomes the presumption of innocence.
          Significantly, we may not substitute our judgment for that
          of the fact finder; thus, so long as the evidence adduced,
          accepted in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth,
          demonstrates the respective elements of a defendant’s
          crimes beyond a reasonable doubt, the appellant’s
          convictions will be upheld.

Commonwealth v. Sebolka, 205 A.3d 329, 336-37 (Pa.Super. 2019)

(quoting Commonwealth v. Franklin, 69 A.3d 719, 722-23 (Pa.Super.

2013)).

     The Crimes Code defines the offense of criminal conspiracy as follows:

          § 903. Criminal conspiracy

             (a) Definition of conspiracy.―A person is guilty of
          conspiracy with another person or persons to commit a
          crime if with the intent of promoting or facilitating its
          commission he:

                (1)      agrees with such other person or persons
             that they or one or more of them will engage in conduct
             which constitutes such crime or an attempt or solicitation
             to commit such crime; or

                (2)      agrees to aid such other person or persons in
             the planning or commission of such crime or of an
             attempt or solicitation to commit such crime.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903(a).

     “To sustain a conviction for criminal conspiracy, the Commonwealth

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must establish that the defendant (1) entered into an agreement to commit

or aid in an unlawful act with another person or persons, (2) with a shared

criminal intent and (3) an overt act was done in furtherance of the conspiracy.”

Commonwealth v. Melvin, 103 A.3d 1, 42 (Pa.Super. 2014) (citation

omitted).

         The essence of a criminal conspiracy is a common
         understanding, no matter how it came into being, that a
         particular criminal objective be accomplished. Therefore, a
         conviction for conspiracy requires proof of the existence of
         a shared criminal intent. An explicit or formal agreement to
         commit crimes can seldom, if ever, be proved and it need
         not be, for proof of a criminal partnership is almost
         invariably extracted from the circumstances that attend its
         activities. Thus, a conspiracy may be inferred where it is
         demonstrated that the relation, conduct, or circumstances
         of the parties, and the overt acts of the co-conspirators
         sufficiently prove the formation of a criminal confederation.
         The conduct of the parties and the circumstances
         surrounding their conduct may create a web of evidence
         linking the accused to the alleged conspiracy beyond a
         reasonable doubt.

Id. at 42-43. “Once the trier of fact finds that there was an agreement and

the defendant intentionally entered into the agreement, that defendant may

be liable for the overt acts committed in furtherance of the conspiracy

regardless of which co-conspirator committed the act.” Commonwealth v.

Barnes, 871 A.2d 812, 820 (Pa.Super. 2005).

      The Crimes Code defines theft by unlawful taking as follows:

         § 3921. Theft by unlawful taking or disposition

         (a) Movable property.―A person is guilty of theft if he
         unlawfully takes, or exercises unlawful control over,
         movable property of another with intent to deprive him

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         thereof.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3921(a). “Movable property” is:

         Property the location of which can be changed, including
         things growing on, affixed to, or found in land, and
         documents although the rights represented thereby have no
         physical location.   “Immovable property” is all other
         property.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3901.      “Deprivation” occurs if a person: (1) “withhold[s]

property of another permanently;” or (2) “dispose[s] of the property so as to

make it unlikely that the owner will recover it.” Id.

      The Crimes Code defines receiving stolen property as follows:

         § 3925. Receiving stolen property

         (a) Offense defined.—A person is guilty of theft if he
         intentionally receives, retains, or disposes of movable
         property of another knowing that it has been stolen, or
         believing that it has probably been stolen, unless the
         property is received, retained, or disposed with the intent to
         restore it to the owner.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3925(a).

      Based upon the statute, this Court has identified the following elements

for receiving stolen property: “(1) intentionally acquiring possession of the

movable property of another; (2) with knowledge or belief that it was probably

stolen; and 3) the intent to deprive permanently.”        Commonwealth v.

Robinson, 128 A.3d 261, 265 (Pa.Super. 2015) (en banc) (internal citations

omitted).   As to whether a person knows an item is stolen, “[t]he mere

possession of stolen property is insufficient to prove guilty knowledge, and the

Commonwealth must introduce other evidence, which can be either

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circumstantial or direct, that demonstrates that the defendant knew or had

reason to believe that the property was stolen.”         Id. at 268 (quoting

Commonwealth v. Foreman, 797 A.2d 1005, 1012 (Pa.Super. 2002)).

        Circumstantial evidence of guilty knowledge may include,
        inter alia, the place or manner of possession, alterations to
        the property indicative of theft, the defendant’s conduct or
        statements at the time of arrest (including attempts to flee
        apprehension), a false explanation for the possession, the
        location of the theft in comparison to where the defendant
        gained possession, the value of the property compared to
        the price paid for it, or any other evidence connecting the
        defendant to the crime.

Robinson, supra at 268. See also Commonwealth v. Gomez, 224 A.3d

1095 (Pa.Super. 2019), appeal denied, ___ Pa. ___, 236 A.3d 1053 (2020).

     The Uniform Firearms Act provides, in relevant part, as follows:

        § 6105. Persons not to possess, use, manufacture,
        control, sell or transfer firearms

        (a)      Offense defined.—

           (1) A person who has been convicted of an offense
           enumerated in subsection (b), within or without this
           Commonwealth, regardless of the length of sentence or
           whose conduct meets the criteria in subsection (c) shall
           not possess, use, control, sell, transfer or manufacture
           or obtain a license to possess, use, control, sell, transfer
           or manufacture a firearm in this Commonwealth.

        § 6106. Firearms not to be carried without a license

        (a)      Offense defined.—

           (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), any person who
           carries a firearm in any vehicle or any person who carries
           a firearm concealed on or about his person, except in his
           place of abode or fixed place of business, without a valid
           and lawfully issued license under this chapter commits a

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           felony of the third degree.

18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6105(a)(1); 6106(a)(1).

     “When contraband is not found on the defendant’s person, the

Commonwealth must establish constructive possession….” Commonwealth

v. Jones, 874 A.2d 108, 121 (Pa.Super. 2005).

           Constructive possession is a legal fiction, a pragmatic
           construct to deal with the realities of criminal law
           enforcement. Constructive possession is an inference
           arising from a set of facts that possession of the
           contraband was more likely than not. We have
           defined constructive possession as “conscious
           dominion.”     We subsequently defined “conscious
           dominion” as the “power to control the contraband
           and the intent to exercise that control.” To aid
           application, we have held that constructive possession
           may be established by the totality of the
           circumstances.

        Commonwealth v. Brown, 48 A.3d 426, 430 (Pa.Super.
        2012) (quotation omitted).      “The Commonwealth may
        sustain its burden by means of wholly circumstantial
        evidence, and we must evaluate the entire trial record and
        consider all evidence received against the defendant.” Id.
        (citation omitted).

Commonwealth v. Roberts, 133 A.3d 759, 767-68 (Pa.Super. 2016), appeal

denied, 636 Pa. 675, 145 A.3d 725 (2016).

     Instantly, the trial court determined there was sufficient circumstantial

evidence to sustain the jury’s verdict of criminal conspiracy.       Appellant

testified that he and Mr. Horton had agreed to drive to McConnellsburg

together in the early morning of September 27, 2018. They were together for

a prolonged period in the same area and time frame when the thefts occurred.

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Additionally, multiple witnesses testified to seeing men matching the physical

descriptions of Appellant and Mr. Horton stealing items from vehicles in the

nearby area. Appellant and Mr. Horton were together when police stopped

them and found stolen goods in their possession. When initially questioned,

Appellant told police that he found the stolen items along the side of the road.

Additionally, the Commonwealth presented evidence that Appellant did not

appear in the surveillance footage at the local Sheetz where he claimed to

have been when Mr. Horton committed the thefts without his knowledge.

      Taken together in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as the

verdict winner, these facts were sufficient for the jury to find that Appellant

and Mr. Horton agreed and planned to commit vehicle theft in the

McConnellsburg area and stole items from multiple cars in furtherance of their

plan. See Sebolka, supra; Melvin, supra. Accordingly, sufficient evidence

supported Appellant’s conspiracy conviction. See id.; 18 Pa.C.S.A. 903.

      Regarding Appellant’s theft by unlawful taking and receiving stolen

property convictions for the Smith and Wesson gun found in the glovebox, the

court explained:

         Tyler Elmes testified his gun, wallet, and credit cards were
         stolen early in the morning on September 27, 2018. When
         the police approached [Appellant], they found a gun in the
         glove box in front of where [Appellant] was sitting. Credit
         cards were found in [Appellant’s] pockets. Tyler Elmes
         positively identified the gun and two of the cards as ones
         stolen from him.

         [Appellant] testified he had no idea the items were stolen.
         He initially claimed he had found these items on the

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         roadside. He later claimed Horton gave him the items after
         being gone for several hours. […] A magazine for the
         [Smith and Wesson] pistol was on the floor of the car
         underneath [Appellant]. Despite claiming he was at the
         local Sheetz for some time, [Appellant] did not appear on
         video surveillance of the area.       [Appellant] has prior
         convictions for crimen falsi. The jury was free to disbelieve
         [Appellant’s] version of events and had ample reason to do
         so.

         The gun and the credit cards were movable property
         belonging to Tyler Elmes. [Appellant] had the credit cards
         in his pocket. He either took those cards himself or Horton,
         his co-conspirator, gave them to him. [Appellant] concealed
         how he acquired these cards, evidencing consciousness of
         guilt.

         The [Smith and Wesson] pistol was in the glove box in front
         of [Appellant]. The magazine of the pistol was beneath
         [Appellant’s] feet. Either [Appellant] or his co-conspirator
         Horton put the pistol there. [Appellant] and Horton were
         driving away with the pistol and credit cards, clearly
         evidencing a lack of intent to return them.

(Trial Court Opinion, filed May 19, 2020, at 11-12) (internal citations omitted).

The record supports the court’s findings. Viewed in the light most favorable

to the Commonwealth as the verdict winner, there was sufficient evidence for

the jury to find that Appellant or Mr. Horton took items from Mr. Elmes’ vehicle

with the intent to deprive him of it.    See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3901; Sebolka,

supra.   There was also sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude that

Appellant knew the items in the car and the credit cards in his pocket were

stolen. See Robinson, supra. Additionally, regardless of whether it was

Appellant or Mr. Horton that stole Mr. Elmes’ property, there was sufficient

evidence for the jury to find Appellant guilty of both theft offenses where

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Appellant was part of the conspiracy. See Barnes, supra.

      Regarding the theft convictions related to the stolen tactical bag

containing Mr. Keebaugh’s Ruger pistol and TNW rifle, the court determined

there was sufficient circumstantial evidence to sustain the jury’s verdict. The

record supports the court’s determination. Mr. Keebaugh testified that a black

tactical bag with a Ruger pistol and TNW rifle was taken from his car in the

early morning of September 27, 2018. Appellant testified that he and Mr.

Horton were in the same area during the same time period. Ms. Westberry

testified to seeing a man matching Mr. Horton’s description, wearing a dark

hoodie, carrying a black bag while stealing from her van at approximately the

same time. Her husband also reported seeing a man in a bright orange shirt

in the area. Police confirmed that Appellant was wearing an orange shirt and

Mr. Horton was wearing a dark hoodie.

      Additionally, officers located the black bag in some bushes on the same

street Mr. Woolford reported seeing an individual flee from his car. Further,

police found ammunition for the Ruger pistol in the Jeep Appellant was in prior

to his arrest.   Taken together, the evidence was sufficient for the jury to

conclude that Appellant or Mr. Horton took Mr. Keebaugh’s black tactical bag

with the intent to deprive him of it.   See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3901; Sebolka,

supra.   Given Appellant’s status as a co-conspirator, the evidence was

sufficient to convict Appellant of the theft charges for the guns and property

found in the black bag. See Barnes, supra.

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      Regarding Appellant’s firearms convictions, our review of the record

supports the court’s determination that there was sufficient evidence to

sustain the verdicts. It is uncontroverted that Appellant has a prior conviction

which prohibits him from possessing a firearm and Appellant did not have a

valid license to carry a firearm on the date in question. Mr. Elmes’ Smith and

Wesson pistol was found in the glovebox in front of Appellant and the

accompanying magazine was lying beneath Appellant’s feet.          Additionally,

credit cards belonging to Mr. Elmes which were stolen at the same time as the

gun were found on Appellant’s person.          Based on the totality of the

circumstances, there was sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude that

Appellant exercised constructive possession over the Smith and Wesson pistol.

See Roberts, supra.

      Similarly, although the Ruger pistol and TNW rifle were not found in the

Jeep Appellant was in when he was arrested, police found ammunition for the

Ruger pistol in the Jeep. Taken together with all the circumstantial evidence

that Appellant participated in a series of thefts in the immediate area, there

was sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude that Appellant stole the guns

in the bag and hid them in the bushes where they were later found. See id.

Accordingly, we find no error in the court’s determination that there was

sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude that Appellant constructively

possessed the firearms to sustain Appellant’s convictions for the firearms

offenses. See Sebolka, supra.

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      In his eleventh issue, Appellant argues his aggregate sentence of 216

to 413 months’ incarceration is excessive and unduly harsh considering the

gravity of the offenses and Appellant’s age.      Appellant asserts that the

offenses he was found guilty of were nonviolent and the impact on the victims

was not so great as to demand such a harsh sentence. Appellant contends

the length of his sentence far exceeds the time necessary to protect the public

and address Appellant’s rehabilitative needs. Appellant concludes the court’s

imposition of consecutive rather than concurrent sentences for the firearms

offenses made the length of his aggregate sentence unreasonable and we

should vacate the judgment of sentence. We disagree.

      A challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentencing is not

automatically reviewable as a matter of right. Commonwealth v. Hunter,

768 A.2d 1136 (Pa.Super. 2001), appeal denied, 568 Pa. 695, 796 A.2d 979

(2001). Prior to reaching the merits of a discretionary sentencing issue:

         We conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether
         appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P.
         902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved
         at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify
         sentence, see [Pa.R.Crim.P. 720]; (3) whether appellant’s
         brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether
         there is a substantial question that the sentence appealed
         from is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42
         Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).

Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal

denied, 589 Pa. 727, 909 A.2d 303 (2006) (internal citations omitted).

      What constitutes a substantial question must be evaluated on a case-

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by-case basis. Commonwealth v. Paul, 925 A.2d 825 (Pa.Super. 2007). A

substantial question exists “only when the appellant advances a colorable

argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were either: (1) inconsistent

with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary to the

fundamental norms which underlie the sentencing process.” Commonwealth

v. Sierra, 752 A.2d 910, 913 (Pa.Super. 2000) (internal citation omitted). In

other words, an appellant’s Rule 2119(f) statement must sufficiently articulate

the manner in which the sentence violates either a specific provision of the

sentencing scheme set forth in the Sentencing Code or a particular

fundamental norm underlying the sentencing process. Commonwealth v.

Mouzon, 571 Pa. 419, 812 A.2d 617 (2002).

      This Court has stated:

         Pennsylvania law affords the sentencing court discretion to
         impose [a] sentence concurrently or consecutively to other
         sentences being imposed at the same time or to sentences
         already imposed. Any challenge to the exercise of this
         discretion does not raise a substantial question. In fact, this
         Court has recognized the imposition of consecutive, rather
         than concurrent, sentences may raise a substantial question
         in only the most extreme circumstances, such as where the
         aggregate sentence is unduly harsh, considering the nature
         of the crimes and the length of imprisonment.

Commonwealth v. Austin, 66 A.3d 798, 808 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal

denied, 621 Pa. 692, 77 A.3d 1258 (2013) (internal citations and quotation

marks omitted).

      Further,

         “[T]his Court has held on numerous occasions that a claim

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        of inadequate consideration of mitigating factors [generally]
        does not raise a substantial question for our review.”
        Commonwealth v. Disalvo, 70 A.3d 900, 903 (Pa.Super.
        2013) (internal citation omitted).

        However, “prior decisions from this Court involving whether
        a substantial question has been raised by claims that the
        sentencing court ‘failed to consider’ or ‘failed to adequately
        consider’ sentencing factors has been less than a model of
        clarity and consistency.” Commonwealth v. Seagraves,
        103     A.3d   839,     842    (Pa.Super.      2014)    (citing
        [Commonwealth v. Dodge, 957 A.2d 1198 (Pa.Super.
        2008), appeal denied, 602 Pa. 662, 980 A.2d 605 (2009)]).
        In Commonwealth v. Dodge, this Court determined an
        appellant’s claim that the sentencing court “disregarded
        rehabilitation and the nature and circumstances of the
        offense in handing down its sentence” presented a
        substantial question. Dodge, supra at 1273.

        This Court has also held that “an excessive sentence claim—
        in conjunction with an assertion that the court failed to
        consider mitigating factors—raises a substantial question.”
        Commonwealth v. Raven, 97 A.3d 1244, 1253 (Pa.Super.
        2014), appeal denied, [629] Pa. [636], 105 A.3d 736 (2014)
        (quoting Commonwealth v. Perry, 883 A.2d 599, 602
        (Pa.Super. 2005)).

Commonwealth v. Caldwell, 117 A.3d 763, 769-70 (Pa.Super. 2015).

     Instantly, Appellant filed timely notices of appeal nunc pro tunc.

Appellant preserved his sentencing challenge in a timely filed post-sentence

motion and in a Rule 2119(f) statement. See Evans, supra. To the extent

Appellant’s claim that his sentence was excessive and the court disregarded

his rehabilitative needs raises a substantial question, we will address the

appeal on the merits. See Caldwell, supra; Raven, supra; Dodge, supra.

     We observe that:

        Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the

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        sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on
        appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this
        context, an abuse of discretion is not shown merely by an
        error in judgment. Rather, the appellant must establish, by
        reference to the record, that the sentencing court ignored
        or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of
        partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly
        unreasonable decision.

Commonwealth v. Shugars, 895 A.2d 1270, 1275 (Pa.Super. 2006).

     Pursuant to Section 9721(b), “the court shall follow the general principle

that the sentence imposed should call for confinement that is consistent with

the protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it relates to the

impact on the life of the victim and on the community, and the rehabilitative

needs of the defendant.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b). “[T]he court shall make as

part of the record, and disclose in open court at the time of sentencing, a

statement of the reason or reasons for the sentence imposed.” Id.

        “When imposing a sentence, a court is required to consider
        the particular circumstances of the offense and the
        character of the defendant.” Commonwealth v. Griffin,
        804 A.2d 1, 10 (Pa.Super. 2002), appeal denied, 582 Pa.
        671, 868 A.2d 1198 (2005), cert. denied, 545 U.S. 1148,
        125 S.Ct. 2984, 162 L.Ed.2d 902 (2005). “In particular, the
        court should refer to the defendant’s prior criminal record,
        his age, personal characteristics and his potential for
        rehabilitation.” Id. Where the sentencing court had the
        benefit of a pre-sentence investigation [(“PSI”)], we can
        assume the sentencing court “was aware of relevant
        information regarding the defendant’s character and
        weighed those considerations along with mitigating
        statutory factors.” Commonwealth v. Devers, 519 Pa.
        88, 101-02, 546 A.2d 12, 18 (1988).              See also
        Commonwealth v. Tirado, 870 A.2d 362, 368 (Pa.Super.
        2005) (stating if sentencing court has benefit of PSI, law
        expects court was aware of relevant information regarding
        defendant’s character and weighed those considerations

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         along with any mitigating factors).    Further, where a
         sentence is within the standard range of the guidelines,
         Pennsylvania law views the sentence as appropriate under
         the Sentencing Code. See Commonwealth v. Cruz-
         Centeno, [668 A.2d 536 (Pa.Super. 1995)], appeal denied,
         544 Pa. 653, 676 A.2d 1195 (1996) (stating combination of
         PSI and standard range sentence, absent more, cannot be
         considered excessive or unreasonable).

Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 171 (Pa.Super. 2010).

      Here, the trial court had the benefit of a PSI report and was aware of

Appellant’s circumstances, age, and personal history. Prior to sentencing, the

court noted that it considered the relevant sentencing guidelines, the PSI

report, Appellant’s and his mother’s statement, and the arguments of counsel.

In imposing its sentence, the court cited Appellant’s prior record score of four

based on an extensive criminal history, including drug offenses, simple

assault, theft, and firearms offenses. Contrary to Appellant’s assertion, the

court did not disregard his young age. Rather, the court found that Appellant’s

excessive and repetitive criminal history despite only being 25 years old

necessitated the imposition of a heavier sentence for rehabilitative purposes.

Further, the court noted that Appellant’s and his mother’s statements at

sentencing evidenced a failure to take full responsibility and accountability for

his actions. Our review of the record confirms the court considered all relevant

factors when fashioning Appellant’s sentence. Under these circumstances, we

see no reason to disrupt the court’s sentencing rationale.       See Shugars,

supra. Accordingly, we affirm.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 08/30/2022

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