Court Opinion

ID: 8610288
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-24 07:50:28.876052+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:55:20.146166
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM **
Appellant Frank Perez appeals the district court’s denial of his petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The district court denied his petition, finding that the jury instructions given by the trial court were constitutionally sufficient and that the prosecutor did not commit misconduct in closing arguments. We affirm.
Perez argues that the trial court’s recitation of CALJIC 2.90, which equates “reasonable doubt” with an “abiding conviction,” along with the prosecutor’s statement in closing argument equating reasonable doubt with a “belief,” improperly lowered the burden of proof below beyond a reasonable doubt.
Courts have repeatedly held that versions CALJIC 2.90 substantially similar to *682the one used by the trial court in this case are constitutional. See, e.g., Lisenbee v. Henry, 166 F.3d 997 (9th Cir.1999). Thus, the trial court did not err in reciting the boilerplate instruction.
Additionally, the prosecutor’s isolated statement in closing argument equating “reasonable doubt” with a “belief’ did not “so infect[ ] the trial with unfairness as to make the resulting conviction a denial of due process.” Romano v. Oklahoma, 512 U.S. 1, 13, 114 S.Ct. 2004, 129 L.Ed.2d 1 (1994) (citing Darden v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 168, 178-81, 106 S.Ct. 2464, 91 L.Ed.2d 144 (1986)). The “touchstone of due process analysis in cases of alleged prosecutorial misconduct is the fairness of the trial, not the culpability of the prosecutor.” Smith v. Phillips, 455 U.S. 209, 219, 102 S.Ct. 940, 71 L.Ed.2d 78 (1982). In reviewing the prosecutor’s statement in the context of the entire trial, we find that the prosecutor’s statement did not deprive Perez of a fair trial.
Because the trial court correctly recited CALJIC 2.90 and because the prosecutor did not commit misconduct requiring reversal, the district court properly denied Perez’s petition for writ of habeas corpus.
AFFIRMED.

 This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.