Court Opinion

ID: 4648314
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-12-31 16:14:06.270832+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:01:13.356017
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Knapp v. Husa, 2020-Ohio-6986.]

STATE OF OHIO                   )                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                )ss:                  NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF MEDINA                )

TOM HUSA                                              C.A. No.       19CA0065-M

        Appellant

        v.                                            APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                      ENTERED IN THE
BRADLEY KNAPP                                         COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                      COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO
        Appellee                                      CASE No.   17-CV-0543

                                DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: December 31, 2020

        SCHAFER, Judge.

        {¶1}    Appellant, Tom Husa, appeals the judgment of the Medina County Court of

Common Pleas granting the motion for summary judgment of Appellee, Bradley Knapp, and

dismissing his counterclaim. For the reasons that follow, this Court affirms.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}    Mr. Knapp purchased a boat from Mr. Husa in June 2013, for $12,500.00. At the

time of the sale, Mr. Husa disclosed to Mr. Knapp that the boat had been damaged and repaired,

but Mr. Knapp was not aware of the full extent of the damage. Mr. Knapp did not experience any

issues while he owned the boat. Mr. Knapp then sold the boat in September 2014, to another

individual for $13,000.00. The new purchaser of the boat later informed Mr. Knapp of serious

issues with the boat, including structural damage and allegedly faulty or insufficient repair work.

        {¶3}    Mr. Knapp filed a complaint on June 5, 2017, naming Mr. Husa and “The Doc

Shop” as defendants. The complaint listed causes of action for breach of contract, breach of
                                                 2

warranty, breach of implied warranty of merchantability, breach of implied warranty of fitness for

a particular purpose, violation of Ohio consumer sales practices act, negligent construction,

negligent misrepresentation, and a claim for unspecified other relief.

       {¶4}    Mr. Knapp made several attempts to serve the complaint on Mr. Husa. After Mr.

Knapp filed a motion for default judgment, Mr. Husa appeared in the action, sought leave to file

an answer, and asserted that, contrary to Mr. Knapp’s representations, service had not been

accomplished as to either of the named defendants. The magistrate conducted a hearing regarding

Mr. Knapp’s motion for default judgment. On October 11, 2017, the magistrate issued an order

stating that service had not been perfected on either defendant and overruling the motion for default

judgment. Further, the magistrate found that Husa and The Doc Shop’s pending motions,

including the motion for leave to file an answer, were all moot because the “lack of service

result[ed] in this matter as having not yet been commenced.”

       {¶5}    Mr. Knapp next attempted to serve Mr. Husa through a process server. In February

2018, Mr. Knapp moved the trial court pursuant to Civ.R. 4.4 to issue an order allowing service of

the complaint to be made by publication. Mr. Knapp sought to serve Mr. Husa and The Doc Shop

by publishing a “legal ad notice with the Medina County Gazette.” He asserted that, after

exercising reasonable diligence, he was otherwise unable to serve Mr. Husa and The Doc Shop.

The magistrate issued an order denying Mr. Knapp’s motion and advising that there “is no

mechanism under the Civil Rules to request the Court to order service by publication,” that Mr.

Knapp must determine “whether Civ.R. 4.4 and R.C. 2703.14 are applicable to this case,” and, if

so, follow the proper procedure to effectuate service by publication. In this same order, the

magistrate denied Mr. Husa’s motion to dismiss the complaint.
                                                 3

       {¶6}    On March 20, 2018, Mr. Knapp filed an amended complaint again naming Mr. Husa

doing business as The Doc Shop, but not listing The Doc Shop as a separate entity. The amended

complaint also named a new defendant, Xanterra Parks & Resorts, Inc., the entity that owns the

dock where Mr. Husa works as a mechanic. Mr. Knapp served Xanterra with the complaint.

Xanterra filed a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss the complaint. The trial court granted the

motion as to one count of the complaint only, and Xanterra filed an answer to the complaint.

       {¶7}    Mr. Knapp made several attempts to serve Mr. Husa with the amended complaint.

On July 10, 2018, Mr. Knapp submitted notice to the trial court of his filing of an affidavit

certifying that the News-Herald published notice to Tom Husa and The Doc Shop for six

successive weeks beginning May 29, 2018, and ending July 3, 2018. In the affidavit of publication,

affiant Janice Pettit averred that legal notice of the complaint had been circulated in the News-

Herald—a newspaper printed and of general circulation in the “Counties of Lake, Geauga,

Ashtabula and other districts[.]”

       {¶8}    Counsel appeared on behalf of Mr. Husa and, on August 24, 2018, filed an answer,

affirmative defenses, and counterclaims in response to the amended complaint. Among the

affirmative defenses, Mr. Husa stated that he was not subject to the jurisdiction of the court, venue

was not proper, and the process and its service were insufficient. Mr. Husa asserted two causes of

action in his counterclaims. The first count alleged abuse of process. Mr. Husa claimed that,

despite his ability to do so, Mr. Knapp had failed to perfect residential service on him and instead

wrongfully published notice of his claims in a newspaper circulated in Lake and Ashtabula

counties—where Mr. Husa resides and conducts business—rather than in Medina County where

venue was alleged. Mr. Husa claimed this was a wrongful and malicious abuse of service by

publication, perverting the judicial process to harm Mr. Husa’s business, and that he suffered actual
                                                 4

damage by this wrongful publication. Mr. Husa also asserted a claim for libel, alleging that Mr.

Knapp wrongfully and recklessly published false statements about Mr. Husa and The Doc Shop,

without privilege to do so, and that the published statements damaged Mr. Husa in his trade or

business.

       {¶9}    The parties eventually filed motions for summary judgment. Mr. Knapp moved for

summary judgment as to Mr. Husa’s counterclaims. Mr. Husa moved for summary judgment as

to all claims asserted against him in the complaint. In addition to arguing that Mr. Knapp could

not show that he suffered damages, he argued that Mr. Knapp’s claims were time-barred, having

been filed beyond the applicable statutes of limitation, and that the trial court lacked jurisdiction

over Mr. Husa because the purported service by publication was defective.

       {¶10} After the respective motions for summary judgment were fully briefed, the

magistrate held a hearing. On April 25, 2019, the magistrate issued a decision ruling on the

motions for summary judgment. The magistrate recommended that summary judgment be entered

in favor of Mr. Husa and all of Mr. Knapp’s claims asserted against him in the complaint be

dismissed. The magistrate further recommended that summary judgment be entered in favor of

Mr. Knapp and Mr. Husa’s counterclaims be dismissed. Mr. Husa and Mr. Knapp each filed

objections to the magistrate’s decision.

       {¶11} On July 2, 2019, the trial court issued its ruling on Mr. Knapp’s and Mr. Husa’s

objections to the April 25, 2019 magistrate’s decision. The trial court found, upon review of the

case filings, the magistrate’s decision, and the objections to the magistrate’s decision, that the

decision contained “no error of law or other defect” and “affirmed and adopted [it] in full.” The

trial court restated the “adopted findings of fact” in its July 2, 2019 entry, and found that the
                                                  5

magistrate had “properly applied the [] findings of fact to reach appropriate supported conclusions

of law.”

       {¶12} Regarding Mr. Husa’s motion for summary judgment on Mr. Knapp’s complaint,

the trial court stated that Mr. Knapp filed his complaint on June 5, 2017, but service was not

perfected until September 27, 2018. Because service was not perfected within one year of filing

the complaint, the trial court concluded that, pursuant to Civ.R. 3(A), the case had never

commenced against Mr. Husa. Further, the trial court concluded that the statute of limitations had

expired as to each cause of action stated against Mr. Husa in Mr. Knapp’s complaint. In its

conclusion, the trial court addressed and rejected specific objections raised by Mr. Knapp.

Therefore, the trial court granted Mr. Husa’s motion for summary judgment and dismissed all

claims against Mr. Husa in the amended complaint.

       {¶13} As to Mr. Knapp’s motion for summary judgment on Mr. Husa’s counterclaim, the

trial court first discussed Mr. Husa’s claim for libel. The trial court concluded that, while Mr.

Knapp “filed the service by publication in the wrong county, absolutely nothing in the publication

was false.” Because Mr. Husa “failed to establish the first element of the cause of action” for libel,

the trial court concluded his “counterclaim for libel fails.” Considering Mr. Husa’s counterclaim

for abuse of process, the trial court simply stated that Mr. Husa “failed to establish any of the

elements of this cause of action” and concluded that the “counterclaim for abuse of process fails.”

In its decision, the trial court found that Mr. Husa failed to state his objections to the magistrate’s

decision with the specificity required by Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(ii). Still, to the extent the trial court

could discern Mr. Husa’s objection to the magistrate’s review of Civ.R. 56(C) evidence, the trial

court overruled the objection.      The trial court also overruled Mr. Husa’s objection to the

magistrate’s conclusion that the notice of publication did not contain a false statement.
                                                   6

Consequently, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Mr. Knapp as to the causes of

action set forth against him and dismissed Mr. Husa’s counterclaim.

       {¶14} On July 26, 2019, the trial court granted Xanterra’s motion for summary judgment,

entered judgment in favor of Xanterra and against Mr. Knapp, and dismissed all of Mr. Knapp’s

remaining claims. Then, on August 23, 2019, Mr. Husa appealed the trial court’s judgment entry

dismissing his counterclaims and raised four assignments of error for our review. This Court

issued an order on October 21, 2019, remanding the matter for a period of 60 days to allow the

trial court to rule on pending post-trial motions. On remand, the trial court issued a journal entry

on November 5, 2019, ruling on each of the parties’ separate motions for sanctions.

                                                II.

       {¶15} Mr. Husa’s merit brief presents four assignments of error, each of which challenge

the trial court’s grant of summary judgment and dismissal of his counterclaims for abuse of process

and libel. In addition to his response brief, Mr. Knapp filed a motion to dismiss, contending this

appeal should be dismissed because 1) Mr. Husa lacks standing to appeal, 2) Mr. Husa’s

counterclaim was “null and void” because he was not a party below, and 3) the order appealed

from is not a final order. This Court overruled Mr. Knapp’s motion to dismiss for lack of a final

order. This Court also denied Mr. Knapp’s motion to dismiss on the basis that Mr. Husa’s

counterclaim was void; we found that such an argument concerned the merits of the appeal, rather

than this Court’s jurisdiction. Finally, we deferred for determination Mr. Knapp’s argument

alleging that Mr. Husa lacks standing to appeal.

       {¶16} On appeal, Mr. Husa argues that the trial court erred by granting summary judgment

on and dismissing the two causes of action asserted in his counterclaim. In his motion to dismiss,

Mr. Knapp alleges that Mr. Husa lacks standing to appeal because his counterclaims were rendered
                                                 7

void when the underlying amended complaint failed to commence and, consequently, Mr. Husa

was not party to any legal proceeding below. Mr. Knapp’s failure to obtain service and commence

an action against Mr. Husa is not disputed and is not at issue in this appeal. Essentially, Mr. Knapp

asserts that Mr. Husa could not maintain his counterclaim after Mr. Knapp’s action failed to

commence and, consequently, that there is no basis for Mr. Husa to challenge on appeal the

dismissal of his counterclaim or any other aspect of the trial court’s decision.

       {¶17} Mr. Knapp’s contention that Mr. Husa lacks standing on appeal rests on his position

that Mr. Husa’s counterclaim was void, which, as we previously determined, was not discernable

absent a review on the merits. In light of our review of the briefs and record in this matter, it is

apparent that Mr. Knapp’s motion did not present relevant legal authority and failed to develop an

argument to show that Mr. Husa’s counterclaims could not stand alone, and we decline to make

such an argument for him. Moreover, based on our review and disposition of Mr. Husa’s

assignments of error herein, we find Mr. Knapp’s remaining argument for dismissal of the appeal

is moot.

                                   Mr. Husa’s Assignment of Error I

       The trial court wrongly concluded that [Mr.] Knapp’s lawsuit against [Mr.]
       Husa was not perverted by [Mr.] Knapp to accomplish an ulterior purpose for
       which it was not designed.

       {¶18} In his first assignment of error, Mr. Husa argues that the trial court erred by

concluding that Mr. Knapp’s lawsuit was not perverted to accomplish an ulterior purpose.

       {¶19} This Court reviews a trial court’s ruling on a motion for summary judgment de

novo. Grafton v. Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105 (1996). We apply the same standard

as the trial court, viewing the facts in the case in the light most favorable to the non-moving party

and resolving any doubt in favor of the non-moving party. Viock v. Stowe–Woodward Co., 13
                                                   8

Ohio App.3d 7, 12 (6th Dist.1983). Before summary judgment may be granted under Civ.R 56(C),

the trial court must determine each of the following:

        (1) No genuine issue as to any material fact remains to be litigated; (2) the moving
        party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3) it appears from the evidence
        that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion, and viewing such evidence
        most strongly in favor of the party against whom the motion for summary judgment
        is made, that conclusion is adverse to that party.

Temple v. Wean United, Inc., 50 Ohio St.2d 317, 327 (1977).
        {¶20} Summary judgment proceedings create a burden-shifting paradigm. To prevail on

a motion for summary judgment, the party moving for summary judgment must first be able to

point to evidentiary materials listed in Civ.R. 56(C) to demonstrate there is no genuine issue as to

any material fact, and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio

St.3d 280, 292-293 (1996). Once the movant satisfies this burden, the nonmoving party “must set

forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Id. at 293, quoting Civ.R. 56(E).

In meeting the reciprocal burden, the non-moving party is precluded from merely resting upon the

allegations contained in the pleadings to establish a genuine issue of material fact, but “must set

forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Civ.R. 56(E).

        {¶21} In our review of Mr. Husa’s assignments of error, this Court is mindful that Mr.

Knapp’s motion for summary judgment as to Mr. Husa’s counterclaims was initially submitted to

the magistrate for determination. Generally, if a party assigns error to the trial court’s adoption of

a magistrate’s finding of fact or conclusion of law, or to the trial court’s ruling on a particular

objection to the magistrate’s decision, this Court’s inquiry would concern whether the trial court

abused its discretion in accepting or rejecting the magistrate’s decision. See Mealey v. Mealey,

9th Dist. Wayne No. 95CA0093, 1996 WL 233491, *2. However, this Court may apply a de novo

standard to determine whether the trial court appropriately determined that no genuine issues of
                                                 9

material fact existed and concluded summary judgment was appropriate as a matter of law when

it accepted the magistrate’s recommendation and granted summary judgment. See Long v. Noah’s

Lost Ark, Inc., 158 Ohio App.3d 206, 2004-Ohio-4155, ¶ 17 (7th Dist.). Still, when the party

appeals a trial court’s order adopting and entering judgment based on a magistrate’s decision “‘any

claim of trial court error must be based upon the actions of the trial court,’ not the magistrate’s

findings or proposed decisions.” J.P. v. T.H., 9th Dist. Lorain No. 14CA010715, 2016-Ohio-243,

¶ 28, quoting Citibank v. Masters, 9th Dist. Medina No. 07CA0073-M, 2008-Ohio-1323, ¶ 9.

       {¶22} An “abuse of process occurs where someone attempts to achieve through use of the

court that which the court is itself powerless to order.” Robb v. Chagrin Lagoons Yacht Club, Inc.,

75 Ohio St.3d 264, 271 (1996). “‘The three elements of the tort of abuse of process are: (1) that a

legal proceeding has been set in motion in proper form and with probable cause; (2) that the

proceeding has been perverted to attempt to accomplish an ulterior purpose for which it was not

designed; and (3) that direct damage has resulted from the wrongful use of process.’” State ex rel.

Morrison v. Wiener, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27891, 2017-Ohio-364, ¶ 22, quoting Yaklevich v.

Kemp, Schaeffer & Rowe Co., L.P.A., 68 Ohio St.3d 294 (1994), paragraph one of the syllabus.

       {¶23} Mr. Husa first contends that the trial court improperly reasoned that: (1) because

Mr. Knapp “set his lawsuit in motion without proper process, there was no process to pervert[,]”

and (2) because Mr. Knapp could have sued [Mr.] Husa where he resided and worked, his

publication there was not improper. Mr. Husa argues that the trial court based its conclusion that

Mr. Knapp “did not pervert or alter the court of process in this case” on this faulty reasoning.

       {¶24} Regarding Mr. Husa’s first issue, this Court’s review of the record supports Mr.

Husa’s characterization of the trial court’s decision. The trial court adopted the magistrate’s

conclusion that Mr. Knapp attempted to set a legal proceeding in motion without proper form and,
                                                10

therefore, the first element of Mr. Husa’s abuse of process claim fails. However, Mr. Husa has

not demonstrated any nexus between the trial court’s conclusion in this respect, and his assigned

error challenging the trial court’s adoption of the magistrate’s conclusion that the second element

of Mr. Husa’s claim for abuse of process failed as a matter of law.

        {¶25} Relevant to Mr. Husa’s issue with the second “reason” for the trial court’s decision,

the magistrate stated the following:

        It is undisputed [Mr. Knapp]’s attempt at service by publication occurred in the
        wrong newspaper. But [Mr. Knapp] could have sued [Mr.] Husa in the county of
        his residence. In fact, [Mr.] Husa specifically asserted in his answer [that] the
        lawsuit was commenced in an improper venue. On one hand, [Mr.] Husa argues he
        should have been sued in his home county, but on the other hand he argues it was
        abuse of process for notice of the lawsuit to be published in his home county.

The magistrate concluded that Mr. Husa failed to show that the proceeding was perverted for an

ulterior purpose. In its decision adopting the magistrate’s decision, the trial court held that the

magistrate “properly concluded that [Mr.] Husa failed to establish any of the elements of this cause

of action” and that Mr. Husa’s abuse of process claim fails.

        {¶26} In his motion for summary judgment, Mr. Knapp argued that Mr. Husa could not

point to any facts to support his bare allegation that Mr. Knapp intended to harm him by publishing

notice in The Lake County Herald-News rather than The Medina County Gazette. He asserted that

the record reflected his attempts to perfect legal service on Mr. Husa to proceed with his claims,

but that the record was devoid of any indication of an ulterior motive or collateral benefit. This

Court’s review of the record supports a conclusion that Mr. Knapp met his initial summary

judgment burden by demonstrating the absence of evidence as to whether he had an ulterior motive

to gain a collateral benefit.

        {¶27} Mr. Husa contends he has sufficiently shown that “after failing to properly serve

him, [and] then attempting to improperly serve him by publication in the counties where [Mr.]
                                                11

Husa resided and did business, [Mr.] Knapp intended to damage [Mr.] Husa in his trade or

business.” Mr. Husa emphasizes that Mr. Knapp could only accomplish service by publication in

Medina, the county where the complaint was filed. See Civ.R. 4.4(A)(1) (“Upon the filing of the

[requisite] affidavit, the clerk shall cause service of notice to be made by publication in a

newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the action or proceeding is filed.”); Civ.R.

4.4(B). Mr. Husa argues that by publishing notice in the wrong county, the county where Mr.

Husa lived and operated his business, Mr. Knapp “perverted the process by publicizing his

grievances against [Mr.] Husa beyond the venue he chose to air them, places where [Mr.] Husa

was intimately connected and which had no connection whatsoever to his lawsuit.” He contends

that evidence of Mr. Knapp’s “implicit hostility” was sufficient to show Mr. Knapp’s “ultimate

goal was to harm” Mr. Husa, and the fact that he published notice of his claims where he lived and

worked demonstrates an “ulterior purpose to punish” him.

       {¶28} The proponent of a claim for abuse of process must show that the proceeding at

issue was perverted in pursuit of an ulterior purpose for which that process was not designed.

Wiener, 2017-Ohio-364 at ¶ 22. The ulterior motive or “improper purpose” of an abuse of process

claim typically “takes the form of coercion to obtain a collateral advantage, not properly involved

in the proceeding itself, such as the surrender of property or the payment of money, by the use of

the process as a threat or a club.” Robb, 75 Ohio St.3d at 271, quoting Prosser & Keeton on Torts,

Section 121, at 898 (5th Ed.1984).

       {¶29} This Court’s review of the record shows that Mr. Husa rested his abuse of process

claim upon the bald assumption that Mr. Knapp must have intended to harm him because he

published legal notice in the county where Mr. Husa lives and operates his business rather than the

county where the lawsuit was pending. Mr. Husa contends there is an “implicit hostility” but has
                                                12

not identified any evidence of such hostility nor has he identified any improper purpose or motive

inherent in Mr. Knapp’s attempt at publication. Moreover, focusing squarely on the fact that Mr.

Knapp failed to publish notice in the correct county, Mr. Husa has not identified any collateral

advantage Mr. Knapp might have sought to gain by instituting legal proceedings in one county

only to publish notice in another county. Mr. Husa did not produce evidence that Mr. Knapp

initiated the lawsuit with any motive or for any purpose other than seeking to recover a judgment

against Mr. Husa. Despite his many bungled attempts at service, including the ill-fated attempt to

serve Mr. Husa by publication, there is no indication that Mr. Knapp perverted the process or

sought to gain an advantage or benefit that the trial court was powerless to order. Therefore, Mr.

Husa has not shown a genuine issue of material fact as to whether Mr. Knapp engaged in an abuse

of process.

       {¶30} We conclude that Mr. Husa failed to demonstrate that the trial court erred by

concluding that no genuine issue of material fact existed as to whether “the proceeding was

perverted in an attempt to accomplish an ulterior purpose for which it was not designed.” Wiener,

2017-Ohio-364 at ¶ 22; Yaklevich, 68 Ohio St.3d 294, paragraph one of the syllabus. Mr. Husa’s

failure to show a genuine issue of any material fact concerning this essential element of his claim

for abuse of process necessarily renders all other facts immaterial and entitles Mr. Knapp to

judgment as a matter of law. Dresher, 75 Ohio St.3d at 288. Consequently, his first assignment

of error is overruled.

                              Mr. Husa’s Assignment of Error II

       The trial court erred when it concluded that [Mr.] Husa was not damaged
       because newspapers and civil cases are available [online] to anyone no matter
       where filed.
                                                  13

       {¶31} In his second assignment of error, Mr. Husa argues that the trial court erred when

it concluded that Mr. Knapp’s publication of legal notice did not result in injury because the

information contained in the notice was available online. Mr. Husa points to a segment of the

magistrate’s decision wherein the magistrate implies it is irrelevant that Mr. Knapp published

notice of the pending claims in another county, stating that Mr. Husa “has offered nothing showing

any actual direct damages resulting from publication in the wrong county. Newspapers are

available [online]. Civil cases are public records also available [online]. Anybody could easily

view a lawsuit regardless of whether it was filed in Lake or Medina County.”

       {¶32} Initially we note that the statement to which he assigns error is in the magistrate’s

decision, not the decision of the trial court that is the subject of the present appeal. See J.P., 2016-

Ohio-243 at ¶ 28, quoting Masters, 2008-Ohio-1323 at ¶ 9 (When a party appeals a trial court’s

order adopting and entering judgment based on a magistrate’s decision “‘any claim of trial court

error must be based upon the actions of the trial court,’ not the magistrate’s findings or proposed

decisions.”). That issue aside, Mr. Husa has not explained the relevance of the magistrate’s

observation to an essential element of his claim for abuse of process. “Only disputes over facts

that have the potential to affect the outcome of the lawsuit preclude entry of summary judgment,

not factual disputes which are irrelevant or unnecessary.” Black v. Cosentino, 117 Ohio App.3d

40, 43 (9th Dist.1996). “The substantive law involved controls which facts are considered

material” to an essential element of a cause of action. Elyria v. Elbert, 143 Ohio App.3d 530, 532

(9th Dist.2001).

       {¶33} Even assuming Mr. Husa is correct in his contention that the magistrate’s

observation was flawed, Mr. Husa has not explained how such a conclusion is relevant to this

Court’s review of the trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment on his abuse of process
                                                14

claim. Mr. Husa has not demonstrated the materiality of this issue. Mr. Husa’s second assignment

of error is overruled.

                              Mr. Husa’s Assignment of Error III

       The trial court erred when it concluded that [Mr.] Husa did not show legal
       injury.

       {¶34} In his third assignment of error, Mr. Husa argues that the trial court erred when it

concluded he did not demonstrate any evidence of direct damage resulting from the alleged

wrongful use of process.

       {¶35} In its decision granting summary judgment, the trial court concluded that Mr. Husa

failed to establish an issue of material fact relating to any of the elements of abuse of process,

including the third element: that direct damages resulted from the wrongful use of process. See

Wiener, 2017-Ohio-364 at ¶ 22. Direct damage resulting from the wrongful use of process is an

essential element of an abuse of process claim. Id.

       {¶36} Mr. Knapp argued in his motion for summary judgment that Mr. Husa had not

produced through discovery any evidence to suggest that he suffered any damages. In his brief in

opposition to the motion for summary judgment, Mr. Husa indicated that his attached affidavit

provided evidence of the damages he sustained. In the affidavit Mr. Husa stated, “When I learned

that fraud and shoddy workmanship charges were published against me and my business by Knapp

in the Lake County News-Herald, I felt like shit, personally, and because of the effect that I knew

these kinds of charges would have on my businesses.” He further stated, “I believe that these

charges have damaged my business.” In his merit brief, Mr. Husa argues that his statement in his

affidavit—that he “felt like shit” when he learned of the publication—was a “metaphorical

expression of his loss” describing the kind of damages that come from abuse of process. He
                                                  15

contends his attestation sufficiently demonstrated a dispute of material fact as to whether legal

damages resulted from a wrongful use of process.

       {¶37} Mr. Husa did not identify any evidence to substantiate the “metaphorical

expression” of damages he attributes to his bare statement that he “felt like shit” when he learned

that notice of the charges had been published in the Lake County News-Herald. Mr. Husa failed

to establish that feeling “like shit” is compensable injury that naturally resulted from the allegedly

wrongful act. See Donohoe v. Burd, 722 F.Supp. 1507, 1522 (S.D.Ohio 1989) (“Plaintiff may only

recover those damages which naturally resulted from the defendant's wrongful acts and this Court

cannot consider remote, indefinite or speculative injuries or damages.”). Further, Mr. Husa

provided no evidence that his business sustained damages.

       {¶38} Moreover, the trial court determined that Mr. Husa failed to establish evidence as

to any of the essential elements of the abuse of process claim. In this Court’s resolution of his first

assignment of error we rejected Mr. Husa’s argument challenging the trial court’s conclusion that

he failed to show evidence of any material fact that the proceeding had been perverted for an

ulterior purpose, an essential element of abuse of process, and concluded that Mr. Husa failed to

meet his Dresher burden. Therefore, his damages argument notwithstanding, Mr. Husa has not

demonstrated a dispute of material fact as to the essential elements of abuse of process, and his

claim fails as a matter of law. Mr. Husa’s third assignment of error is overruled.

                               Mr. Husa’s Assignment of Error IV

       The trial court erred when it concluded that absolutely nothing in the
       publication was false.

       {¶39} In his fourth assignment of error, Mr. Husa argues that Mr. Knapp’s published

allegations about Mr. Husa’s “fraudulent conduct and contract breaches” were libelous statements.

We again apply a de novo standard of review to the trial court’s decision to grant summary
                                                  16

judgment, Grafton, 77 Ohio St.3d at 105, and apply the same standard as the trial court, viewing

the facts in the case in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and resolving any doubt

in favor of the non-moving party, Viock, 13 Ohio App.3d at 12.

          {¶40} To prevail on a claim for libel, a plaintiff must demonstrate five elements: (1) that

a false statement of fact was made, (2) the statement was defamatory, (3) the statement was

published, (4) the plaintiff suffered injury as a proximate result of the publication, and (5) the

defendant acted with the requisite degree of fault in publishing the statement. Am. Chem. Soc. v.

Leadscope, Inc., 133 Ohio St.3d 366, 2012-Ohio-4193, ¶ 77. Whether or not certain statements

alleged to be defamatory are actionable is a matter for the court to decide. Id. at ¶ 78, quoting

Yeager v. Local Union 20, Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen & Helpers of Am., 6 Ohio St.3d

369, 372 (1983).

          {¶41} In its decision granting summary judgment, the trial court concluded that, while

Mr. Knapp “filed the service by publication in the wrong county, absolutely nothing in the

publication was false. As [Mr.] Husa failed to establish the first element of the cause of action,

[Mr.] Husa’s counterclaim for libel fails.”

          {¶42} The initial step in our analysis focuses on the first element of a claim of libel:

whether Mr. Knapp made a false statement of fact. See Leadscope at ¶ 77. In support of his motion

for summary judgment, Mr. Knapp argued legal notice advertised in The Lake County News-

Herald did not contain any false statements. Mr. Knapp asserted that the publication only stated

the fact that a lawsuit had been filed against Mr. Husa in Medina County and listed the causes of

action.

          {¶43} The legal notice—prepared and submitted to the Lake County News-Herald by Mr.

Knapp’s counsel—states the information contained in the case caption and the last known address
                                                 17

of the named defendant, Mr. Husa, and of The Doc Shop. The legal notice indicates that Mr.

Knapp filed a complaint against Mr. Husa and lists the title of each cause of action stated in the

complaint. The legal notice also specifies the duration for which it will be published and informs

Mr. Husa that he must file an answer to the amended complaint. Our review of this legal notice

confirms Mr. Knapp’s position that it contained no false statements. Therefore, Mr. Knapp met

his burden to show the absence of a dispute of material fact as to the first element of Mr. Husa’s

libel claim.

        {¶44} Mr. Husa concedes that the statements in the notice were not, in and of themselves,

false. However, he appears to argue in his merit brief that the trial court erred in its conclusion

because, if he had been given the opportunity to prove that the underlying causes of action listed

in the notice were false, then the notice would not be privileged. We note that lack of privilege is

not an essential element of libel. See Fisher v. Ahmed, 9th Dist. Summit No. 29340, 2020-Ohio-

1196, ¶ 35, citing Hahn v. Kotten, 43 Ohio St.2d 237, 243, 331 (1975). However, whether Mr.

Knapp would ultimately prevail on the causes of action described in the legal notice has no bearing

on a determination of the veracity of the statements in the legal notice. Regardless of the outcome

of the litigation referenced in the legal notice, it would remain true that Mr. Knapp filed a

complaint against Mr. Husa asserting those claims. Because Mr. Husa failed to show that any

statement in the published notice was false, he failed to meet his reciprocal summary judgment

burden with respect to the first element of the cause of action for libel.

        {¶45} Mr. Husa failed to show that the trial court erred in its conclusion that the legal

notice did not contain a false statement. Mr. Husa’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
                                                18

                                                III.

       {¶46} Each of Mr. Husa’s four assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the

Medina County Court of Common Pleas entering judgment in favor of Mr. Knapp and dismissing

Mr. Husa’s counterclaim is affirmed.

                                                                               Judgment affirmed.

       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period

for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to

mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the

docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.

                                                       JULIE A. SCHAFER
                                                       FOR THE COURT

CALLAHAN, P. J.
TEODOSIO, J.
CONCUR.
                                          19

APPEARANCES:

WILLIAM L. TABAC, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

DANIEL THIEL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

NATALIE F. GRUBB and MARK E. OWENS, Attorneys at Law, for Appellee.

ORVILLE L. REED, III and JULIE A. BICKIS, Attorneys at Law, for Appellee.