Court Opinion

ID: 2724921
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 20:43:03.734996+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:26:30.297219
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
 this Memorandum Decision shall not be
 regarded as precedent or cited before any                     Jun 04 2014, 9:33 am
 court except for the purpose of
 establishing the defense of res judicata,
 collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                                  ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
DONALD R. SHULER                                         GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Barkes, Kolbus, Rife & Shuler, LLP                       Attorney General of Indiana
Goshen, Indiana
                                                         JESSE R. DRUM
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                                IN THE
                      COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

CORDAY C.DIXON,                                          )
                                                         )
       Appellant-Defendant,                              )
                                                         )
                vs.                                      )         No. 20A03-1311-CR-00448
                                                         )
STATE OF INDIANA,                                        )
                                                         )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                               )

                      APPEAL FROM THE ELKHART SUPERIOR COURT
                         The Honorable George W. Biddlecome, Judge
                              Cause No. 20D03-1009-FA-00032

                                                June 4, 2014

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

FRIEDLANDER, Judge
        Corday C. Dixon appeals his conviction and sentence for three counts of Child

Molesting,1 two as class C felonies and one as a class A felony. Dixon presents the following

restated issues for review:

        1.      Was the evidence sufficient to support the convictions?

        2.      Is Dixon’s sentence inappropriate?

        We affirm.

        The facts favorable to the convictions are that in May 2010, twelve-year-old L.M.

lived in a two-bedroom apartment in Elkhart with her mother, her sister Sarah, Sarah’s

fiancé, and Sarah’s two children. Sarah, her fiancé and her two children slept in one

bedroom, while L.M. and her mother shared the other. Either L.M. or her mother, however,

would usually sleep in the living room because their bedroom was messy. Dixon, Sarah’s

fiancé’s cousin, was invited to stay at the apartment for one week that May. He was twenty-

four years old at the time. While there, he slept in the living room. One day, at

approximately 4 o’clock in the morning, L.M. woke up on the couch and observed Dixon

sleeping in the living room chair. Thinking he looked uncomfortable, L.M. offered to let him

sleep on the couch. He accepted the offer, and L.M. moved to the chair. A moment later,

Dixon asked L.M. if she wanted to lie on the couch with him, and she accepted. He asked

her if she ever had sex before and she said that she had not. He replied, “we’re all good

here.” Transcript at 127.

1
  Ind. Code Ann. § 35-42-4-3 (West, Westlaw current with all legislation of the Second Regular Session of the
118th General Assembly (2014) with effective dates through May 1, 2014).

                                                     2
        L.M. was wearing shorts and underwear at the time. Dixon put his hand underneath

her shorts and underwear, put his finger in her vagina, and began moving it in a circular

motion. The experience was “[v]ery painful” for L.M. Id. at 124. Dixon left the room for

five minutes and then returned. After returning, he began to touch L.M. again. This time, he

pulled down her shirt and bra “and started licking and kissing” her chest. Id. at 126. After

doing that for several moments, Dixon again stood up and left the room. He returned five to

ten minutes later, sat down on the couch, and placed L.M.’s legs across his lap. Then, he

pressed L.M.’s hand against his erect penis on the outside of his pants and squeezed her

hand.

        At approximately 5:00 a.m., they heard L.M.’s mother approaching the door. Dixon

pushed L.M.’s legs off of his lap and moved to the chair. When L.M.’s mother entered the

room, L.M. did not tell her what had happened. Later that morning at school, L.M. told two

friends what Dixon had done. They told her that she should tell Sarah. When she went home

from school, L.M. told Sarah that Dixon had touched her and that she wanted him to leave

immediately. Nothing was done that day, however, and Dixon once again spent the night at

Sarah’s house. L.M. slept in her locked bedroom that night. When Dixon was still at Sarah’s

house the next day, L.M. became alarmed and once again asked her sister to make Dixon

leave. Shortly thereafter, L.M.’s father visited Sarah’s house and L.M. told him what had

happened. When L.M.’s mother arrived home, L.M. told her what had happened with Dixon.

At that point police were called.

                                             3
       As a result of the foregoing events, the State charged Dixon with three counts of child

molesting, one as a class a felony, and two as class C felonies. Following a two-day jury

trial, Dixon was found guilty as charged. The trial court sentenced Dixon to forty years

imprisonment.

                                              1.

       Dixon contends the evidence was not sufficient to prove that he committed the three

acts of child molesting. According to Dixon, “the sole evidence against [Dixon] is the

uncorroborated testimony of the alleged victim.” Appellant’s Brief at 8. Our standard of

reviewing challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a criminal conviction is

well settled.

       When reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence underlying a
       criminal conviction, we neither reweigh the evidence nor assess the credibility
       of witnesses. The evidence—even if conflicting—and all reasonable inferences
       drawn from it are viewed in a light most favorable to the conviction. “[W]e
       affirm if there is substantial evidence of probative value supporting each
       element of the crime from which a reasonable trier of fact could have found
       the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.” Davis v. State, 813 N.E.2d
1176, 1178 (Ind. 2004). A conviction can be sustained on only the
       uncorroborated testimony of a single witness, even when that witness is the
       victim.

Bailey v. State, 979 N.E.2d 133, 135 (Ind. 2012) (some citations omitted). These principles

apply with equal force in cases involving a conviction for child molesting. See Bowles v.

State, 737 N.E.2d 1150 (Ind. 2000).

       We note initially that Dixon’s entire argument on this issue is based upon a faulty

premise: “the uncorroborated testimony of a single witness, without any other witness or

evidence of this particular event, does not constitute evidence of sufficient probative value of

                                               4
[sic] sustain his convictions.” Appellant’s Brief at 11. This premise flies in the face of a

long line of Indiana cases that have held precisely the opposite, as reflected in the foregoing

authority. In point of fact, we will reverse for insufficient evidence upon the particular claim

that Dixon advances here only when we conclude that the “incredible dubiosity” rule applies.

Pursuant to this rule, “we will reverse a conviction if the sole witness presents inherently

improbable testimony and there is no circumstantial evidence of the defendant’s guilt.”

Young v. State, 973 N.E.2d 1225, 1226 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied. It seems that

Dixon seeks to invoke the rule here. It does not apply.

         In support of his argument, Dixon points out what he perceives to be contradictions

and inconsistencies in and between the testimonies of the various witnesses called by the

State.    We have considered these purported inconsistencies and contradictions, both

individually and in the aggregate. We will not discuss Dixon’s claims individually, but will

observe only that neither individually nor in the aggregate do they seriously undermine the

jury’s verdicts.      L.M.’s account of what occurred is entirely plausible and the

“inconsistencies,” such as they were, were comparatively minor. L.M. did not waver in her

account of what Dixon did to her. Her testimony was sufficient to support the convictions.

                                                2.

         Dixon contends his sentence is inappropriate in light of his character and the nature of

his offense. Article 7, section 4 of the Indiana Constitution grants our Supreme Court the

power to review and revise criminal sentences. Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 7, the

Supreme Court authorized this court to perform the same task. Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d
5
1219 (Ind. 2008). Per Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B), we may revise a sentence “if, after due

consideration of the trial court’s decision, the Court finds that the sentence is inappropriate in

light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.” Wilkes v. State, 917
N.E.2d 675, 693 (Ind. 2009), cert. denied, 131 S. Ct. 414 (2010). “[S]entencing is principally

a discretionary function in which the trial court’s judgment should receive considerable

deference.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d at 1223. Dixon bears the burden on appeal of

persuading us that his sentence is inappropriate. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073 (Ind.

2006).

         The determination of whether we regard a sentence as appropriate “turns on our sense

of the culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime, the damage done to others, and

myriad other factors that come to light in a given case.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d at

1224. Moreover, “[t]he principal role of appellate review should be to attempt to leaven the

outliers, and identify some guiding principles for trial courts and those charged with

improvement of the sentencing statutes, but not to achieve a perceived ‘correct’ result in each

case.” Id. at 1225. Accordingly, “the question under Appellate Rule 7(B) is not whether

another sentence is more appropriate; rather, the question is whether the sentence imposed is

inappropriate.” King v. State, 894 N.E.2d 265, 268 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008) (emphasis in

original).

         In order to assess the appropriateness of a sentence, we first look to the statutory

ranges established for the classification of the relevant offenses. Dixon was convicted of one

class A felony and two class C felonies, all for child molesting. The advisory sentence for a

                                                6
class A felony is thirty years, with a minimum of twenty years and a maximum of fifty years.

The advisory sentence for a class C felony is four years, with a minimum of two years and a

maximum of eight years. Dixon received an executed sentence totaling forty years,

consisting of a forty-year sentence for the class A felony, and concurrent six-year sentences

for each of the class C felonies.

       Dixon cultivated a relationship with L.M. by paying attention to her and expressing an

interest in her life. L.M. testified that one of the things that stood out to her was that he

would ask her how her day was at school or ask whether she was having problems.

According to L.M., she “never really got that kind of attention from anyone in the house.”

Transcript at 160. Shortly thereafter, Dixon perpetrated three separate acts of molestation on

L.M., one of which was “very painful” for her. In doing so, he took advantage of the

unstable living condition in which L.M. found herself.

       Turning now to Dixon’s character, this court has noted that a trial court may consider

a defendant’s criminal history in assessing the defendant’s character. See, e.g., Childress v.

State, 848 N.E.2d 1073. The significance of a defendant’s criminal history in assessing his

character is based on the gravity, nature, and number of prior offenses relative to the current

offense. Boling v. State, 982 N.E.2d 1055 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). Even a minor criminal

history is nonetheless a poor reflection on the defendant’s character. See id. The trial court

noted that he had one prior felony conviction for strangulation, and that he failed to appear in

that case and subsequently violated his probation. The court also noted at least one prior

                                               7
misdemeanor marijuana conviction,2 and that he failed to appear in that case. At the time

Dixon committed the present offenses, he was on probation for an unrelated offense and yet

other charges were pending against him.

       Dixon bore the burden of convincing us that his sentence is inappropriate. Upon

consideration of the nature of his offenses and, in particular, his character, we cannot say that

the forty-year sentence imposed by the trial court is inappropriate.

       Judgment affirmed.

       MATHIAS, J., and PYLE, J., concur.

2
  At sentencing, the court identified only one prior misdemeanor conviction, which must necessarily have
referred to a marijuana conviction. The pre-sentence investigation report, however, reflects that two
separate cases alleging use of marijuana were filed against Dixon in Michigan, both of which were
adjudicated and both of which resulted in fines and fees assessed against Dixon. Only one of those
resulted in a jail term, albeit suspended.

                                                   8