Court Opinion

ID: 4397605
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-05-16 17:00:16.642361+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:52:14.500131
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                               ________________

                                      No. 17-3775
                                   ________________

                            UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                             v.

                                   PASQUALE STISO,
                                     a/k/a Pat Stiso
                                               Appellant
                                   ________________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of New Jersey
                        (D.C. Criminal No. 2-14-cr-00484-002)
                          District Judge: Williams J. Martini
                                  ________________

                   Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                  February 13, 2019

             Before: HARDIMAN, SCIRICA, and COWEN, Circuit Judges

                                  (Filed: May 16, 2019)

                                   ________________

                                       OPINION*
                                   ________________

SCIRICA, Circuit Judge

*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
       After a federal jury convicted Pasquale Stiso of conspiracy to commit wire fraud,

18 U.S.C. § 1349, wire fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1343, and money laundering, 18 U.S.C. §

1957, the District Court sentenced him to a Guidelines-range term of 41 months in prison.

Stiso challenges this sentence as procedurally and substantively unreasonable. Because

we see no error, we will affirm the sentence.

                                              I.

       In 2011, Stiso and his friend Paul Mancuso defrauded five victims in schemes

where they promised to use the victims’ funds to invest in real estate projects and to buy

sports and concert tickets that could be resold for profit. After an investigation of

Mancuso, the FBI obtained a warrant to wiretap Mancuso’s telephones. As a

consequence, the FBI recorded Stiso admitting to his involvement with Mancuso’s fraud

schemes. As noted, Stiso was tried and convicted of conspiracy to commit wire fraud,

wire fraud, and money laundering.

       At the 2016 sentencing, the District Court thoroughly considered the sentencing

factors listed in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), including the nature and circumstances of the

offense, Stiso’s personal characteristics, previous criminal history, and the fact that Stiso

exploited his relationships with his victims. The Court compared Stiso’s role in the fraud

to Mancuso’s more active role, and applied a one-level downward variance. Denying

Stiso’s request to apply the 2015 version of the Guidelines, the Court applied the 2012

version and imposed a Guidelines-range sentence of 43 months plus three years of

supervised release.

                                                2
       Stiso appealed, challenging his conviction and his sentence on the ground that the

trial court should have applied the 2015 version of the Guidelines. United States v. Stiso,

708 F. App’x 749, 751–52 (3d Cir. 2017). We affirmed Stiso’s conviction but vacated

and remanded his sentence, finding the 2015 Guidelines were in effect at the time of

sentencing and did not set forth a harsher punishment than the 2012 version. Id. at 763.

       At resentencing, the District Court considered whether it would apply a two-point

enhancement for substantial financial hardship of two victims and whether it would

reduce Stiso’s sentence based on post-sentencing rehabilitation. The Court declined to

impose a substantial financial hardship enhancement because the government had not

proved it by a preponderance of the evidence. The Court also considered Stiso’s post-

sentencing conduct, noting his clean disciplinary record but also noting such a record

would be expected from a highly-educated former lawyer like Stiso. Before imposing its

sentence, the District Court noted its duty under § 3553(a) to “to impose a sentence that is

sufficient but not greater than necessary.” App. 140. It also referenced its discussion of

the § 3553(a) factors at the initial sentencing: “Of course the Court will consider the 3553

factors and we have addressed, I think, many of them in this context [of resentencing] as

well as at the initial sentencing.” App. 144. The District Court sentenced Stiso to a

within-Guidelines sentence of 41 months’ imprisonment plus three years of supervised

release.

       Stiso now appeals.1

1
 The District Court had jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231. We have jurisdiction under
28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a).
                                             3
                                              II.

       On appeal, Stiso contends that his sentence is procedurally unreasonable because

the District Court failed to adequately consider the § 3553(a) factors, improperly

dismissed his post-sentencing rehabilitative efforts, did not provide an explanation for its

final sentence near the top of his recalculated Guidelines range, and did not promote an

overall sense of fairness and transparency during the sentencing process. Stiso also

challenges the substantive reasonableness of his 41-month sentence.

                                              A.

       The procedural reasonableness of a sentence is reviewed for plain error when, as

here, the defendant did not bring it to the district court’s attention at the time the alleged

error was made. See United States v. Flores-Mejia, 759 F.3d 253, 258 (3d Cir. 2014) (en

banc). “The plain error test requires (1) an error; (2) that is ‘clear or obvious’ and (3)

‘affected the defendant’s substantial rights, which in the ordinary case means he or she

must “show a reasonable probability that, but for the error,” the outcome of the

proceeding would have been different.’” United States v. Azcona-Polanco, 865 F.3d 148,

151 (3d Cir. 2017) (quoting Molina-Martinez v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 1338, 1343

(2016)). “If these conditions are met, we will exercise our discretion to correct the error

if it ‘seriously affects the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.’”

Id. (quoting Molina-Martinez, 136 S. Ct. at 1343). Here, Stiso cannot demonstrate error

at step one of the plain error test.

       Contrary to Stiso’s suggestion, the District Court appropriately considered the §

3553(a) factors. When considering the § 3553(a) factors, a district court must “make an

                                               4
‘individualized assessment based on the facts presented,’” which provides courts of

appeals “with an explanation ‘sufficient for us to see that the particular circumstances of

the case have been given meaningful consideration within the parameters of § 3553(a).’”

United States v. Thornhill, 759 F.3d 299, 310–11 (3d Cir. 2014) (quoting United States v.

Tomko, 562 F.3d 558, 567 (3d Cir. 2009) (en banc)). A district court “need not discuss

and make findings as to each of the § 3553(a) factors if the record makes clear that the

court took the factors into account in sentencing.” United States v. Kononchuk, 485 F.3d

199, 204 (3d Cir. 2007). But if a party raises a “colorable argument” about the § 3553(a)

factors, the District Court should address that argument as part of its “meaningful

consideration” of these factors. United States v. Merced, 603 F.3d 203, 215 (3d Cir.

2010) (citing United States v. Ausburn, 502 F.3d 313, 329 (3d Cir. 2007)). “‘[C]ontext

and record’ are important in determining whether the ‘sentencing judge considered the

evidence and arguments.’” Thornhill, 759 F.3d at 314 (quoting Rita v. United States, 551

U.S. 338, 359 (2007)).

       At resentencing, the District Court stated that it would “consider the [§ 3553]

factors and [has] addressed, I think, many of them in this context as well as at the initial

sentencing.” App. 144. Indeed, the District Court justified its sentence at the initial

sentencing by considering factors such as: the emotional and financial effect of Stiso’s

fraud on his victims, how he exploited his relationships with his victims for financial

gain, his relationship with his family, gambling debts as a possible motivation for his

crimes, and his prior problems with the law that should have deterred further illegal

conduct. The District Court adequately considered the § 3553(a) factors at the original

                                              5
sentencing, and referenced those considerations at the resentencing. It was not necessary

for the District Court to repeat the same analysis, particularly when neither Stiso’s

counsel nor this Court had called it into question. See Chavez-Meza v. United States, 138

S. Ct. 1959, 1967 (2018) (noting that, in the sentence modification context, a reviewing

court “need not turn a blind eye to what the judge said at [the] initial sentencing” and

may consider the record as a whole to determine whether the sentencing judge adequately

considered the parties’ arguments and had a reasoned basis for the sentence).

       Stiso contends the District Court refused to consider his post-sentencing

rehabilitation efforts in calculating his sentence. We disagree. Under Pepper v. United

States, 562 U.S. 476 (2011), a resentencing judge may consider a defendant’s post-

sentencing rehabilitation efforts and adjust the defendant’s sentence accordingly because

such rehabilitative efforts “may be highly relevant to several of the § 3553(a) factors.”

Id. at 491. The District Court reasoned that while Stiso’s conduct during his

incarceration was “admirable,” he had many benefits in life––including an education––

that made his positive adjustment expected and different from those individuals who have

previously endured significant hardship. App. 144–45. The Court accordingly declined

to adjust Stiso’s sentence based on his post-sentencing conduct. Contrary to Stiso’s

assertions, Pepper does not require a district court to adjust its sentence based on post-

sentencing conduct but rather approves the authority to consider such conduct and make

an adjustment if appropriate. See Pepper, 562 U.S. at 490 (“[W]e think it clear that when

a defendant’s sentence has been set aside on appeal and his case remanded for

resentencing, a district court may consider evidence of a defendant’s rehabilitation since

                                              6
his prior sentencing and that such evidence may . . . support a downward variance.”).

The District Court soundly exercised its discretion by considering Stiso’s post-sentencing

conduct argument at resentencing and deciding that no adjustment was warranted.

       Third, Stiso takes issue with his resentencing at the “very top” of his recalculated

sentencing range. Appellant Br. at 16. At the initial sentencing, Stiso’s calculated range

was 41 to 51 months, and the District Court sentenced him to 43 months. At

resentencing, Stiso’s calculated range was 33 to 41 months, and the District Court

sentenced him to 41 months. Stiso asserts that his initial sentence was near the bottom of

his calculated range, so the District Court should have explained why it sentenced him at

the top of the recalculated range. When faced with a new lower Guidelines range at

resentencing, however, a resentencing judge need not choose a point on that range that is

proportional to the point on the prior, higher Guidelines range. See Chavez-Meza, 138 S.

Ct. at 1966 (“[A] judge’s choice among points on a [Guidelines] range will often simply

reflect the judge’s belief that the chosen sentence is the ‘right’ sentence . . . . [T]he judge

need not provide a lengthy explanation if the ‘context and the record’ make clear that the

judge had ‘a reasoned basis’ for [imposing] the defendant’s sentence.” (quoting Rita, 551

U.S. at 356, 359)). Here, the “context and the record” demonstrate that the District Court

had a reasoned basis for the sentence it imposed.

       Finally, Stiso challenges the Court’s fairness during resentencing. Stiso complains

that the District Court was confused regarding its prior rulings on sentencing

enhancements and variances and was unprepared to conduct the resentencing hearing.

                                               7
This attack on the soundness of the proceeding is entirely unsupported by the record. The

District Court carefully conducted the resentencing.

       We see no error, let alone plain error, that affected Stiso’s substantial rights and

the fairness of the proceedings. The Court’s sentencing was procedurally sound.

                                             B.

       We review substantive challenges to a sentence under an abuse-of-discretion

standard. Tomko, 562 F.3d at 567–68. “[I]f the district court’s sentence is procedurally

sound, we will affirm it unless no reasonable sentencing court would have imposed the

same sentence on that particular defendant for the reasons the district court provided.”

Id. at 568. “[R]eviewing courts are entitled to presume that a sentence within the

advisory Guidelines is reasonable.” United States v. Handerhan, 739 F.3d 114, 124 (3d

Cir. 2014) (citing Rita, 551 U.S. at 364).

       Stiso’s substantive reasonableness challenge repeats in part his procedural

unreasonableness challenge. He takes issue with the District Court assigning him a

sentence near the top of the new Guidelines range, asserts that it did not adequately

discuss the § 3553(a) factors, and declares that Pepper required the District Court to

consider evidence of his post-sentencing rehabilitation. As noted, these arguments are

unconvincing. There is nothing that indicates no reasonable sentencing court would have

imposed a 41-month, within-Guidelines sentence on Stiso after he was convicted of wire

                                              8
fraud and related charges. The District Court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing

Stiso to 41 months in prison.

                                                 III.

       For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the Court’s sentence.

                                             9