Court Opinion

ID: 3633386
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-06 03:14:26.991917+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:45:48.306824
License: Public Domain

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

                                      NO. 03-15-00341-CV

  Antioch St. Johns Cemetery Company d/b/a American Memorial Park, Grand Prairie,
        Texas; Gerald Weatherall; and Beverly Randall-Weatherall, Appellants

                                                v.

                   Texas Department of Banking Commissioner, Appellee

     FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 261ST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
      NO. D-1-GN-14-000367, HONORABLE SCOTT H. JENKINS, JUDGE PRESIDING

                            MEMORANDUM OPINION

               Antioch St. Johns Cemetery d/b/a American Memorial Park, Grand Prairie, Texas

(“Antioch”); Gerald Weatherall; and Beverly Randall-Weatherall filed suit in Travis County district

court seeking judicial review of an order signed by the Commissioner of the Texas Department of

Banking assessing administrative penalties in the amount of $56,000 for violations of certain

provisions of the Texas Health and Safety Code and Texas Finance Commission rules governing the

operation of perpetual care cemeteries. See Tex. Health & Safety Code §§ 711.001-.062 (general

provisions relating to cemeteries), 712.001-.068 (perpetual care cemeteries); 7 Tex. Admin. Code

§ 26.2 (2016) (Texas Dep’t of Banking, What Records am I Required to Maintain?). The trial court

affirmed the Commissioner’s order. We will affirm.
                                        BACKGROUND

               In 2009, Gerald Weatherall and Beverly Randall-Weatherall purchased and began

operating Antioch St. Johns Cemetery d/b/a American Memorial Park, Grand Prairie, a “perpetual

care cemetery.”1 The Texas Department of Banking, a state agency operating under the oversight

of the Finance Commission of Texas, has enforcement authority over perpetual care cemeteries. See

Tex. Health & Safety Code §§ 712.0441 (after notice and opportunity, the commissioner may impose

administrative penalties for violations of chapter 712), .001 (“commissioner” in chapter 712 means

the Banking Commissioner of Texas). The Banking Commissioner, after notice and opportunity for

hearing, has the authority to impose an administrative penalty on a person who violates chapters

711 or 712 of the Health and Safety Code, a final order of the Commissioner, or a rule of the

Texas Finance Commission. See id. §§ 711.053, 711.055, 711.056, 712.0441, 712.0442. The

administrative penalty assessed may not exceed $1,000 for each day the violation occurs. Id.

§§ 711.055, 712.0441.

               In September 2011, the Department conducted an onsite examination of Antioch’s

operations through June 2011 and identified the following alleged violations:

       C       failure to accurately identify the plots in which remains were interred in
               Antioch’s interment records;

       C       failure to record the final disposition of cemetery plot purchase agreements
               on Antioch’s historical contract register;

       1
          A “perpetual care cemetery” is defined as “a cemetery for the benefit of which a perpetual
care trust fund is established” for maintenance of the cemetery. See Tex. Health & Safety Code
§ 711.001(24). “Perpetual care” means the “maintenance, repair, and care of all places in the
cemetery.” Id. § 711.001(23).

                                                 2
       C       failure to maintain separate property files in the names of purchasers of
               cemetery plots;

       C       failure to maintain a financial statement that substantiated Antioch’s use of
               perpetual care trust fund income;

       C       failure to accurately calculate the amount of perpetual care funds to
               be deposited;

       C       failure to accurately deposit required perpetual care funds no later than the
               20th day after the end of the month in which the original cemetery plot
               purchase agreement was paid in full;

       C       failure to disclose on the cemetery plot purchase agreements the correct
               amount of perpetual care funds to be deposited in the perpetual care
               trust fund;

       C       failure to maintain monthly recapitulations of all interment rights issued;

       C       selling cemetery property prior to filing accurate plat maps with the county
               clerk’s office; and

       C       failure to issue conveyance documents as required on paid-in-full cemetery
               property and to file those conveyance documents in Antioch’s office.

See id. §§ 711.003(4), 711.034, 711.038; 712.028(a), 712.029. After a follow-up “limited scope”

audit, the Department identified an additional alleged violation of failing to maintain Antioch’s

minimum capital requirement. See id. § 712.0037. The Department notified Antioch of its findings

in a Report of Examination provided in April 2012. According to the Department, Antioch did not

correct the violations by the 31st day after it received the Report of Examination.

               In March 2012, Antioch’s certificate of authority to operate a perpetual care cemetery

was due for renewal. See id. § 712.0032 (corporation must hold certificate of authority issued under

chapter 712 to operate perpetual care cemetery). As a condition of renewal, a certificate holder must

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meet all the requirements that apply to a new applicant. See id. § 712.0037(a) (renewal of certificate

of authority). Some of the conditions that apply to a new applicant are that it have the “business

ability, experience, character, financial condition, and general fitness” to warrant the public’s

confidence. See id. § 712.0034(b)(1). The issuance of the certificate of authority must also be in the

public interest. Id. § 712.0034(b)(3). Antioch’s internally prepared financial statement as of

December 31, 2011 revealed that it had a negative $21,700 equity position. For that reason, the

Department determined that Antioch did not have the financial condition to warrant renewal of its

certificate of authority.

                Because of Antioch’s financial condition and what it considered to be outstanding

violations, the Department did not renew Antioch’s certificate of authority. Despite the non-renewal,

however, Weatherall continued to operate Antioch without a certificate of authority. In May 2012,

the Commissioner issued an emergency order requiring Weatherall and Randall-Weatherall to,

among other things, cease and desist from all cemetery operations except for burials of persons who

owned cemetery plots as of the date of the order. See id. § 712.0441(e) (commissioner may issue

order to cease and desist if violation has not been corrected within 30 days after receipt of written

notice from commissioner of violation).         Antioch was also ordered to provide recorded

documentation to the Department of any allowed burial it performed within two days of such burial.

According to the Department, Antioch violated the cease and desist order by performing a burial in

June 2012 and failing to send the required documentation to the Department.

                In June 2013, the Department held a hearing to determine whether to assess

administrative penalties against Antioch, Weatherall, in his individual capacity and as Antioch’s

                                                  4
President, and Randall-Weatherall, as Antioch’s Vice-President.           After the hearing, the

Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) prepared a Proposal for Decision that included his findings that the

condition of the cemetery property had deteriorated after Weatherall began operating Antioch,

specifically that the maintenance of the property was very poor, there was inadequate signage at the

entrance, sections within the cemetery were not adequately marked, and graves had collapsed,

creating deep sink holes. The ALJ also found numerous deficiencies in Antioch’s records of the

locations of burials and the identity of persons interred in cemetery plots and that the evidence

supported the numerous violations identified by the Department in its Record of Examination,

including that Weatherall violated the Commissioner’s cease and desist order.

               The ALJ found that although Weatherall had attempted to address violations that were

brought to his attention, the failure to correct all of the violations and the continual frequent

repetition of the several types of violations during the time he was responsible for Antioch’s

operations established a pattern of wilful disregard for the requirements of the law applicable to

perpetual care cemeteries. The ALJ found:

       The continued occurrences of violations and Mr. Weatherall’s actions concerning the
       operations of the cemetery and the cemetery company were initially more the result
       of ignorance of the legal requirements and later, of combinations of an inability to
       accomplish and inattention to the accomplishment of the legal requirements.
       Mr. Weatherall eventually made up the shortages in the Perpetual Care Trust Fund
       after the department staff notified him and demanded compliance. He attempted to
       address the complaints. Some of the record-keeping deficiencies were corrected after
       notice and demand from the staff. He ultimately gave up the cemetery and cemetery
       company as a result of financial insolvency. He has continued to pay for some
       maintenance of the cemetery property.

                                                 5
The ALJ concluded that the evidence presented supported the assessment of an administrative

penalty in the amount of $70,000 against Weatherall, as the person responsible for Antioch’s

operations, for the violations.2 Based on the evidence, including the facts that the Department had

already acted on the violations by not renewing the certificate of authority, that the cemetery

company was no longer in business, and that Weatherall and Randall-Weatherall no longer owned

the cemetery property or conducted cemetery operations, the ALJ recommended an administrative

penalty not to exceed $56,000.

                The Commissioner adopted the ALJ’s findings of fact and conclusions of law in their

entirety and concluded that an administrative penalty in the amount of $56,000 was justified and

appropriate under the relevant factors. The Commissioner assessed a $56,000 administrative penalty

       2
           The Commissioner adopted the ALJ’s finding that:

       Gerald Weatherall, Sr., was president of the cemetery company and exercised an
       active role as the person and officer who was responsible for the operations of the
       cemetery and the cemetery company.

The Commissioner also adopted the ALJ’s conclusion that:

       Gerald Weatherall, Sr., is the person who is responsible, individually and in his
       capacity as former president of Antioch St. James Cemetery d/b/a American
       Memorial Park, for the violations of law that are set forth in these Findings of Fact
       and Conclusions of Law.

Weatherall does not challenge that finding or conclusion.

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against Antioch and Weatherall, in his individual capacity and in his capacity as Antioch’s

former President.3     Antioch, Weatherall, and Randall-Weatherall timely filed a motion for

rehearing asserting:

       To the extent that the Movants disagree with the penalties assessed against the
       individual movants in their individual capacities, and that such penalties do not
       comport with the finding of facts by the Administrative Law Judge and the rules
       regarding governance of cemeteries for the state of Texas, Movants request a
       rehearing in this cause.

The Commissioner overruled the motion for rehearing and this appeal followed. In one issue,

Antioch, Weatherall, and Randall-Weatherall assert that “the [ALJ]’s findings of fact and

conclusions of law and penalties assessed against the Appellants for violations of the Texas Health

and Safety code” were not “warranted with the facts submitted to the ALJ during a contested case

hearing.”

                                          DISCUSSION

               Section 2001.174 of the Texas Government Code provides the standard for judicial

review of the Commissioner’s order. See Tex. Gov’t Code § 2001.174. Under this standard we may

not, with respect to questions committed to its discretion, substitute our judgment on the weight of

the evidence for that of the agency. Id. We must, however, reverse an order if it prejudices

substantial rights because its findings, inferences, conclusions, or decisions (1) violate a

       3
         The Commissioner agreed that although Randall-Weatherall was Antioch’s Vice-President,
she did not have an active role in or have responsibility for the cemetery operations or the cemetery
company and therefore he did not assess, or order her to pay, any administrative penalties.

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constitutional or statutory provision; (2) exceed statutory authority; (3) were made through unlawful

procedure; (4) were affected by other error of law; (5) are not reasonably supported by substantial

evidence considering the reliable and probative evidence in the record as a whole; or (6) are arbitrary

or capricious or characterized by an abuse of discretion or a clearly unwarranted exercise of

discretion. Id. An agency order is presumed to be valid and is supported by substantial evidence if

the evidence in its entirety is sufficient to allow reasonable minds to have reached the conclusion the

agency must have reached to justify the disputed action. Texas State Bd. of Dental Exam’rs

v. Sizemore, 759 S.W.2d 114, 116 (Tex. 1988). The party challenging the order has the burden of

demonstrating a lack of substantial evidence. CenterPoint Energy Entex v. Railroad Comm’n of

Tex., 213 S.W.3d 364, 369 (Tex. App.—Austin 2006, no pet.) (citing City of El Paso v. Public Util.

Comm’n, 883 S.W.2d 179, 185 (Tex. 1994)).

               On appeal, Antioch, Weatherall, and Randall-Weatherall do not challenge any of the

Commissioner’s findings that there were numerous and persistent violations of various provisions

of the Texas Health and Safety Code.4 Nor do they challenge the finding that Weatherall violated

the cease and desist order. Rather, they maintain that, because the Commissioner found that

Weatherall had addressed the Department’s concerns regarding the violations of the Health and

Safety Code and repaid the perpetual cemetery trust fund, it could not also find that Weatherall

showed a “pattern of wilful disregard for the requirements of the law that applies to perpetual care

       4
          Moreover, having failed to challenge any specific findings of fact in the motion for
rehearing, any such complaints have been waived. See BFI Waste Sys. of N. Am. v. Martinez Envt’l
Group, 93 S.W.3d 570, 578 (Tex. App.—Austin 2002, pet. denied) (to preserve error motion for
rehearing must set forth particular finding of fact, conclusion of law, ruling, or other agency action
which complaining party asserts was error and legal basis upon which claim of error rests).

                                                  8
cemeteries.” Thus, according to Weatherall, the Commissioner’s findings are not supported by the

evidence and the assessment of an administrative penalty was arbitrary and capricious.

                As previously set forth, findings that the evidence at the hearing established numerous

and persistent violations of laws and regulations governing perpetual care cemeteries have not been

challenged on appeal. The Commissioner found:

        Although Mr. Weatherall has attempted to address violations that were brought to his
        attention, the failure to correct all of the violations and the continual frequent
        repetition of the several types of violations throughout the time he was responsible
        for the operations of the cemetery company establishes a pattern of wilful disregard
        for the requirements of the law that applies to perpetual care cemeteries.

Thus, the Commissioner did not, as Weatherall suggests, find that Weatherall “addressed the

agency’s concerns.” Rather, it expressly found that although he attempted to address violations

brought to his attention, he did not correct all the violations and continued to repeat those violations

throughout the time he was responsible for Antioch’s operations. Moreover, Texas Health and

Safety Code section 712.0442 provides that corrected violations may be included in determining

whether a pattern of wilful disregard exists. See Tex. Health & Safety Code § 712.0442(b). Thus,

the fact that Weatherall corrected some of the violations identified by the Department would not

preclude the Commissioner’s finding that his conduct established a pattern of wilful disregard for

the statutory requirements applicable to perpetual care cemeteries. The Commissioner’s Final Order

reveals that he did in fact consider mitigating factors and assessed a $56,000 penalty instead of the

$70,000 penalty that the ALJ found was supported by the evidence under the provisions of Health

and Safety Code sections 711.055, 711.056, 712.0441, and 712.0442. These factors included that

                                                   9
(1) the Department had already acted on the violations by not renewing the certificate of authority,

(2) Antioch was no longer in business, and (3) Weatherall and Randall-Weatherall no longer owned

the cemetery property or conducted cemetery operations. The penalty was supported by the evidence

and its assessment was not arbitrary or capricious.

               Antioch, Weatherall, and Randall-Weatherall also argue that the Commissioner

committed an error of law by assessing penalties against Weatherall and Randall-Weatherall

individually for Antioch’s liability. As an initial matter, the Commissioner did not assess penalties

against Randall-Weatherall at all. For his part, Weatherall claims that, as Antioch’s President, he

is shielded from individual liability for administrative penalties assessed against Antioch, a

corporation, unless the evidence establishes that the corporation has been used to perpetuate a fraud.

See Tex. Bus. Orgs. Code § 21.223(a) (owner of corporation not liable for certain obligations of

corporation), (b) (owner of corporation may be liable for corporation’s contractual obligations or any

matter relating to or arising from those obligations if it is demonstrated that owner caused

corporation to be used for purpose of perpetrating and did perpetrate actual fraud on obligee

primarily for direct personal benefit of owner). But the Department did not seek to impose liability

on Weatherall on the theory that he could be held individually liable for Antioch’s corporate conduct.

Instead, the Department sought administrative penalties against Weatherall individually based on his

own personal conduct. The Commissioner found that Weatherall himself violated various provisions

of the Texas Health and Safety Code and that he violated the Commissioner’s cease and desist order.

The Commissioner assessed penalties against him for that conduct. Weatherall has not challenged

                                                 10
the Commissioner’s findings in that regard, nor does he argue in this appeal that the Commissioner

did not have the authority to assess penalties against him based on his own violations of the statute.

                                          CONCLUSION

               Having concluded that the Commissioner’s assessment of civil penalties against

Antioch and against Weatherall individually was supported by substantial evidence, was not arbitrary

or capricious, and was not in contravention of the protection from liability afforded by the Business

Organizations Code, we overrule the sole appellate issue and affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                               _____________________________________________
                                               Scott K. Field, Justice

Before Chief Justice Rose, Justices Pemberton and Field

Affirmed

Filed: June 30, 2016

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