Court Opinion

ID: 3267321
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-05 16:35:43.757729+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:19:48.088236
License: Public Domain

STATEMENT BY THE COURT.
Emmet Vaughan sued White  Black Rivers Bridge Company to recover $2,800.93, alleged to be due him for legal services and expenses incurred in behalf of the defendant. The defendant filed a motion to make the complaint more specific, and the plaintiff increased his claim against the defendant by various amounts which made his claim amount, altogether, to $3,823.58. The defendant filed an answer denying that it owed the plaintiff anything; and it asked judgment, by way of cross-complaint, against the plaintiff for $14,000, alleged to be due it by reason of the undue influence the plaintiff exerted in selling it some bridge stock while he was its attorney.
The record shows that on the 22d day of January, 1927, A. Lawrence Mills and Harry E. Bovay, parties of the first part, and Emmet Vaughan and J. W. House, parties of the second part, entered into a written contract whereby the parties of the second part agreed to deliver to the parties of the first part, on or before the 15th day of March, 1927, all the outstanding capital stock in the Des Arc Bridge Company of the par value of $15,000, except the stock owned by Harry E. Bovay. It was understood that the stock transferred, together with that of Harry E. Bovay, included all of the capital stock of the Des Arc Bridge Company. Under the contract, the franchise of said company granted by the county court to permit it to construct a bridge at Des Arc was also transferred. The contract recited that it was executed in the interest of Harry E. Bovay, who had perfected arrangements with A. Lawrence Mills  Company, represented by A. Lawrence Mills, to finance the erection and *Page 452 
completion of a bridge across White River at Des Arc in accordance with the permit granted by the United States. The contract recited that the arrangements for financing the construction of the bridge would be concluded, according to the contract, prior to March 15, 1927.
According to the testimony of Emmet Vaughan, on the same day said Bovay and Mills employed him as attorney for the defendant which was a corporation to be organized in the near future, to construct a bridge across White River at Des Arc and another bridge at another point on White River. After giving an itemized statement of various amounts to nearly $1,000, which were due him for attorney's fees and expenses incurred in behalf of the defendant, Vaughan was asked to state the agreement about the item of $1,000 attorney's fees and other amounts claimed by him. We copy his answer from the transcript on this and other matters pertaining to his claim for legal services and expenses as follows:
"That is while we were negotiating to sell the Des Arc Bridge Company. I didn't want to sell my interest because I had worked too long to get the bridge here to get rid of my interest. They said that they didn't want me out of their company; that they had to have a local man at Des Arc, and that they would let me in on equal footing, and I says: `That is all right,' and Bovay says, `What are you going to do about the interest; you have never had any interest in the White  Black Rivers Bridge Company?' I says, `I don't know; I will leave that up to you.' He said, `We will have a long-time lien we will have to map out, but we will make that up in some other way.' and Mills said, `We will retain you right now as our attorney, and we will treat you right about that.'
"How long did you serve under that contract? A. From January 22, 1927, to the 8th of June, 1928. Q. That was about a year and four months? A. Yes, sir. Q. Was that fee of $1,000 you charged a reasonable fee? A. Yes, sir. Q. To item for use of office, lights, stationery, etc., *Page 453 
and general practice, not included in the above $450. Explain that to the jury. A. My office was their office. They called me at my office from Memphis, and they would come over there and use my office, stationery, stenographer, and anything they wanted or needed, they would use it. Q. Was that worth $450? A. Yes, sir. Q. How much is the total amount you claim they owe you at this time? A. I haven't added it up, but it is around $3,500. Q. State whether or not during this fifteen months you kept Mr. Mills advised what you were doing and whether or not he knew you were representing the company? A. Mr. Mills and Mr. Bovay knew that. I have correspondence to verify it. Q. They were advised by you by letter of these different services you were rendering? A. Yes, sir. Q. It was stated here by counsel for the defendant in his opening statement that you had never rendered them a statement or any bill of what they owed you; please explain that to the jury. A. I told Mr. Bovay the amount of the items due me and put it in my account and showed it to them in Chicago when we agreed on that compensation of a $1,000 cash and $1,500 when they sold the bridge. I said to Mr. Bovay, `Here is my claim for the moneys paid out,' and he says, `We will take care of that also.' I have got receipts for that. Here are the checks right here (attorney exhibiting checks) that I paid out and most of these checks were drawn for expenses incurred while in the employ of the company in looking after their interest. I told Mr. Bovay that it was costing me $25 for every trip I made over to Little Rock, and he says that is very reasonable; I wish that I could come over here for that much. Q. Is there anything else you want to say? A. No, I think that is all."
On cross-examination, Vaughan testified that he was retained as attorney for the defendant on January 22, 1927, and so continued until the 31st day of May, 1928, when he presented his claim for attorney's fees and legal services, which the defendant declined to pay. At another point in his testimony, Vaughan explained that in *Page 454 
his first complaint he asked for $2,800.93, and that he increased that amount to $3,788.78 because the defendant filed a motion which was sustained by the court requiring him to make his complaint more definite and certain. In these items he included an expense account amounting to $632.65 and other expenses amounting to $300.93. In his testimony he explains that these sums were for fees in changing the approach to the proposed bridge and in appearing before the Tax Commission in behalf of the defendant with regard to the taxes on the proposed bridge. He also testified in detail as to the kind of services performed by him in obtaining deeds in changing and laying out the new road which approached the bridge. According to the testimony of three attorneys introduced by him, the amount of fees in the sum of $2,500 claimed by him was fair and reasonable for the services performed by him.
According to the testimony of Harry E. Bovay and A. Lawrence Mills, the defendant never employed Vaughan at all and had no need for his services. They admitted that they were the principal stockholders in the defendant company, and stated that they managed the affairs of the company, and had no need for the services of Vaughan as attorney or in any other capacity.
Other facts will be stated or referred to in the opinion.
There was a verdict and judgment for the plaintiff on the complaint and in his favor on the cross-complaint. The case is here on appeal.
(after stating the facts). It is first insisted by counsel for the defendant that there is no basis for the allowance of the $1,000 attorney's fee, which must have entered into the verdict of the jury. The verdict of the jury was for $2,750 for the plaintiff on his complaint, and it was adjudged that this amount should bear interest at six per cent. from the 8th of June, which was fixed *Page 455 
by the court as the date of the termination of the plaintiff's employment. It is insisted by counsel for the defendant that the only basis of allowance of the $1,000 item was the testimony of Vaughan to the effect that it is claimed "for value of my interest in Des Arc Bridge Company, taken over under promise to compensate me by attorney's fees." It is insisted that on the trial of the case Vaughan's attorney called this a retainer fee, and that this is the only basis of sustaining it as a part of the claim of Vaughan against the defendant. In making this contention, counsel for the defendant invoke the rule laid down in Windett v. Union Mutual Life Insurance Co.,144 U.S. 581, 12 S. Ct. 751, in which the court said that an agreement to pay a retainer for services which are never performed is not to be  implied. In that case there was no express agreement to pay a retainer. We do not think that the question as to whether an implied agreement may be made to pay a retaining fee arises in this case. According to the testimony of Vaughan, when he sold his interest in the bridge at Des Arc, it was understood that the defendant was to employ him as its attorney, but no stated amount was agreed on between them.
As said by Judge COOLEY, in Detroit v. Whittemore,27 Mich. 281, the employment of counsel does not differ in its incidents, or in the rules which govern it, from the employment of an agent in any other capacity or business. This rule has been recognized and applied in numerous cases in this court where it has been expressly recognized that, in the absence of an agreement for a stated amount, the attorney might recover upon a quantum meruit for services performed. The rule is so well settled that we need only cite the following cases: Sebastian State Bank v. Holland, 130 Ark. 59, 196 S.W. 482; Valley Oil Co. v. Ready, 131 Ark. 531, 199 S.W. 915; and Bayou Meto Drainage District v. Chapline, 143 Ark. 446,220 S.W. 807.
In the application of this rule to the facts testified to by Vaughan, it will be seen that his contract for attorney's *Page 456 
fees was an express contract and not an implied agreement. He testified positively that they agreed to employ him as attorney in January, 1927, but that no stated amount was agreed upon. He continued in their employment for something over a year, and it was only when he presented an itemized account for his services that there was any dispute about the $1,000 item claimed by him or about any other item. It is true that his testimony is flatly contradicted by that of Bovay and Mills, but the jury were the judges of the credibility of the witnesses, and this court upon appeal cannot disturb the verdict when there is any evidence of a substantial character to support it.
Again it is insisted that the jury must have included the $450 item of office rent, stationery, stenographer, etc., when there was no substantial evidence to support it. Here again we are met with a conflict in the testimony which has been settled adversely to the contention of counsel for the defendant. If the testimony of Vaughan is to be believed, he was to furnish and did furnish an office, stenographer and stationery for the defendant during the time he was employed by it and such services were necessary. Therefore it cannot be said that there is no substantial evidence for this item. We do not know what items the jury allowed and what items were disallowed by it. The verdict shows that they cut the total claim of Vaughan nearly $1,000. This was within the peculiar province of the jury. The testimony of Vaughan, being that of a substantive character, we cannot consider upon appeal what items might have been allowed or disallowed by the jury. We can only consider whether the evidence as a whole would warrant the jury in returning its verdict in the amount stated above in favor of Vaughan.
In this connection, it may be stated that three attorneys testified that the fee claimed by Vaughan was a fair and reasonable one. *Page 457 
It is next insisted that the court erred in allowing Vaughan interest on the amount of the verdict from the 8th day of June, 1928, instead of the date of the judgment. In making this contention, reliance is placed upon the case of Meek v. Christian, 168 Ark. 313, 270 S.W. 614, where it was held that, in an action on a quantum meruit for the value of the engineer's services in making a preliminary survey for an improvement district which never became effective, it was error to allow interest on the certificates of indebtedness issued to him from the time of their issuance, but that interest should only have been allowed from the date of the judgment. In that case the record did not show that the commissioners and Christian ever took up the matter of settling his compensation upon a quantum meruit basis. He claimed that he was entitled to two per cent. under his contract, and the court held that the contract was not valid and binding on the defendant because the contemplated improvement was never constructed. If he had made a demand for services upon a quantum meruit basis, the holding would have been different. The reason is that he should have been paid for whatever the value of his services was then; and, as the district refused to pay him, interest would have been allowed. In effect, there was no demand for the value of services upon a quantum meruit basis until the judgment in the case was rendered.
Here Vaughan only claimed judgment upon a quantum meruit basis. He did not claim any contract, nor any stated amount for legal services was made with him. In Prager v. New Jersey Fidelity  Plate Glass Ins. Co.,245 N.Y. 1, 156 N.E. 76, 52 A.L.R. 193, it was held that a claim for legal services resulting on quantum meruit draws interest to be computed from the date of the demand. It was further held that a demand for compensation for legal services on quantum meruit greatly in excess of the amount determined to be due does not prevent the adding of interest to the award. The opinion in that case is very comprehensive, and in a case note on page *Page 458 
197 of 52 A.L.R., it is stated as a general rule that interest on a claim for legal services is recoverable from the time it becomes due and payable, and that this is the time when the demand for payment is made.
In Spalding v. Mason, 161 U.S. 375, 16 S. Ct. 592, Mr. Justice WHITE, speaking for the court, said that interest is allowed both in law and in equity upon money due. Continuing, he quoted with approval from Curtis v. Innerarity, 6 How. 146, as follows:
"It is a dictate of natural justice, and the law of every civilized country, that a man is bound in equity, not only to perform his engagements, but also to repair all the damages that accrue naturally from their breech. * * * Every one who contracts to pay money on a certain day knows that, if he fails to fulfill his contract, he must pay the established rate of interest as damages for his nonperformance. Hence it may correctly be said that such is the implied contract of the parties."
Again in Miller v. Robertson, 266 U.S. 243,45 S. Ct. 73, the court said that one who has had the use of money owing to another may justly be required to pay interest from the time it lawfully should have been paid.
The record in this case shows that interest was only allowed from the 8th day of June, 1928, and that Vaughan made the demand for the payment of his services, accompanied by an itemized list of his services and expenses, on the 31st day of May, 1928, and that payment of the same had been refused by the defendant. The demand was made upon a quantum meruit basis, and, under the principles of law in the cases above cited, the court properly allowed interest on his claim. See also Rogers v. Atkinson,152 Ark. 167, 237 S.W. 679.
On the cross-complaint, the court told the jury that the burden of proof was upon the defendant because Bovay had transferred his interest in the claim to the bridge company. There was no error in this respect. It is true that in Norfleet v. Stewart, 180 Ark. 161, 20 S.W.2d 868, and cases cited, this court is committed to the *Page 459 
rule that, in all transactions between attorney and client, the burden is on the attorney to show that no advantage was taken of the client and that he gave him all the information and advice about the matter that was necessary to enable the client to act understandingly. That principle of law has been recognized and applied by this court in various cases, but it has no application here for two reasons. In the first place, it is alleged in the cross-complaint that Bovay had transferred his interest in the subject-matter of the cross-complaint to the defendant bridge company. The cross-complaint was filed by the bridge company, and, in addition, it introduced Bovay as a witness on this point. Bovay testified in positive terms that he had transferred his interest by written transfer to the bridge company, and that any money recovered on the cross-complaint should be paid to the treasurer of that company. The transaction complained of was made between Bovay and Mills on the one hand and Vaughan and House on the other. Hence no relation of attorney and client existed between the bridge company and Vaughan. In the second place, it may be stated that the undisputed evidence in the case shows that Bovay knew as much or more about the transaction as Vaughan. No attempt was made by Vaughan to conceal anything about the transaction. Bovay acted with a full and complete understanding of the whole matter and in his own interest.
The case was fully and fairly submitted to the jury under the principles of law above declared. We find no reversible error in the record, and the judgment must be affirmed. *Page 460