Court Opinion

ID: 4682768
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-04-30 14:09:14.794677+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:04:10.859098
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-1106-19

RHODA A. ROGERS,

          Plaintiff-Respondent/
          Cross-Appellant,
v.

NATHANIEL P. GRAY,
LESLIE G. GRAY,

     Defendants-Appellants/
     Cross-Respondents.
________________________

                    Argued February 1, 2021 – Decided April 30, 2021

                    Before Judges Mayer and Susswein.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Essex County, Docket No. L-0690-14.

                    William P. Krauss argued the cause for appellant/cross-
                    respondent (Connell Foley, LLP, attorneys; William P.
                    Kraus and Evan D. Haggerty, of counsel and on the
                    brief; Mary A. Chen, on the brief).

                    James C. Mescall argued the cause for
                    respondent/cross-appellants (Mescall Law, PC,
                    attorneys; James C. Mescall, of counsel and on the
                    briefs; Maximilian J. Mescall, on the briefs).
PER CURIAM

      Defendant Nathaniel Gray1 in this automobile negligence case appeals

from a January 29, 2019 trial judgment in favor of plaintiff and an order entered

by the trial judge denying defendant's motion for a new trial. Defendant also

appeals from an October 4, 2019 order entered by another judge denying his

motion to depose plaintiff's attorney relating to fees and granting plaintiff's

motion for reconsideration to increase the award of costs, fees, and interest.

Plaintiff cross-appeals from the trial judge's order awarding costs, claiming the

judge should have included expert witness fees. After carefully reviewing the

record in view of the parties' arguments and governing legal principles, we

affirm the trial judgment, the denial of defendant's motion for a new trial, and

the denial of expert witness fees substantially for the reasons set forth in the trial

judge's thirty-six-page written opinion. We also affirm the order entered by the

reconsideration motion judge for the reasons set forth in his oral opinion.

1
 Although co-defendant Leslie Gray is also formally named in the notice of
appeal, both parties' briefs refer only to Nathaniel Gray, who operated the car
during the incident in question.
                                                                                A-1106-19
                                          2
                                      I.

       We presume the parties are familiar with the procedural history and

relevant facts, which need only be briefly summarized. This case arises from a

rear-end motor vehicle accident that occurred on February 15, 2013. In January

2014, plaintiff filed a complaint alleging permanent injuries to her neck and back

as a result of the accident. A complaint filed by a passenger in plaintiff's vehicle

was consolidated with this case. The passenger's matter settled before this case

went to trial.

      In April 2015, plaintiff made an offer of judgment for $35,000. That offer

was rejected. In March 2018, the parties concluded discovery and proceeded to

arbitration.     On April 3, 2018, the arbitrator awarded plaintiff $17,500 in

damages. On April 11, 2018, plaintiff filed an offer of judgment for $20,000.

Defendant did not accept this second offer. There is no indication in the record

that either party sought to confirm this award, nor does the record indicate which

party filed for a trial de novo from the arbitration proceeding.

      The ensuing jury trial spanned four non-consecutive days in October 2018.

Defendant stipulated to liability for the accident. Accordingly, the jury was

charged only with determining whether plaintiff was permanently injured within

                                                                              A-1106-19
                                           3
the meaning of N.J.S.A. 39:6A-8(a),2 and if so, the amount of damages. The

jury found plaintiff suffered permanent injury and awarded plaintiff $99,360.

      On January 9, 2019, the trial judge denied defendant's motion for a new

trial and entered final judgment in favor of plaintiff. With respect to plaintiff's

2
  In relevant part, N.J.S.A. 39:6A-8(a), commonly known as the "verbal
threshold" provision, provides:

            Every owner, registrant, operator or occupant of an
            automobile to which section 4 of [N.J.S.A. 39:6A–4],
            personal injury protection coverage, . . . regardless of
            fault, applies, and every person or organization legally
            responsible for his [or her] acts or omissions, is hereby
            exempted from tort liability for non-economic loss to a
            person who is subject to this subsection and who is
            either a person who is required to maintain [the
            coverage mandated by this act], or is a person who has
            a right to receive benefits under section 4 of [N.J.S.A.
            39:6A–4], as a result of bodily injury, arising out of the
            ownership, operation, maintenance[,] or use of such
            automobile in this State, unless that person has
            sustained a personal injury which results in death;
            dismemberment;        significant    disfigurement       or
            significant scarring; displaced fractures; loss of a fetus;
            or a permanent injury within a reasonable degree of
            medical probability, other than scarring or
            disfigurement.      An injury shall be considered
            permanent when the body part or organ, or both, has not
            healed to function normally and will not heal to
            function normally with further medical treatment.

            [emphasis added.]

                                                                             A-1106-19
                                        4
request for costs and fees, the trial judge noted in her written opinion that

plaintiff's attorney fee certification included questionable entries and relied on

reconstructed billing records that were not accompanied by adequate supporting

documentation. The trial judge therefore reduced plaintiff's request for counsel

fees by 50%. The trial judge also declined to award expert witness fees. The

trial judge ultimately awarded to plaintiff $34,440 for counsel fees, $426. 55 for

litigation costs, and $5,561 for interest.

      Plaintiff timely filed a motion for reconsideration seeking to increase the

amount awarded for counsel fees and litigation costs. 3 Defendant opposed this

motion and cross-moved to compel deposition of plaintiff's counsel in

connection with counsel's certification of costs. Because the trial judge was no

longer available, the vicinage civil presiding judge (motion judge) decided these

motions instead. The motion judge reviewed approximately 2,500 pages of

documentation and on October 4, 2019, granted plaintiff's motion for

3
  We note plaintiff's motion for reconsideration did not include a request to
amend the award to include expert witness fees.            In support of the
reconsideration motion, plaintiff submitted counsel's entire case file—
comprised of approximately 2,500 pages—to address the trial judge's concerns
about the lack of supporting documentation. Although other documents relating
to the motion for reconsideration were included in defendant's appendix on
appeal, neither party included plaintiff's original moving papers in support of
reconsideration.
                                                                            A-1106-19
                                         5
reconsideration in part and denied defendant's cross-motion to depose plaintiff's

counsel. The motion judge rendered a thorough oral opinion reversing the trial

judge's decision to reduce counsel's fees by 50%. The motion judge recalculated

the billable hours, increasing the award of counsel fees from $34,440 to $71,720

and pre-judgment interest from $5,561 to $5,850.07.

                                      II.

      Defendant contends the trial judge committed numerous errors warranting

a new trial. Specifically, defendant contends the trial judge erred in denying his

motion for a new trial because: (1) plaintiff was permitted to re-open her case

to allow counsel to ask her expert witness whether his opinion was rendered to

a reasonable degree of medical certainty; (2) plaintiff's attorney improperly

asked plaintiff's expert whether plaintiff was "neurologically intact"; (3)

plaintiff was improperly allowed to testify that she prematurely ceased seeking

medical treatment because she did not have the means to continue treatment for

her injuries; (4) plaintiff's counsel was permitted to read to the jury defendant's

deposition testimony from the companion matter involving plaintiff's passenger;

and (5) the trial judge did not adequately address improper comments made by

plaintiff's counsel during his summation.

                                                                             A-1106-19
                                            6
      We address each asserted error in turn. Because we affirm substantially

for the reasons explained in the trial judge's comprehensive written opinion

denying the motion for a new trial, we need not address defendant's contentions

at length in this opinion. We preface our examination of defendant's arguments

by acknowledging the general legal principles that guide our analysis. Rule

4:49-1 sets forth the standard for granting a motion for a new trial, providing

that the trial court should grant such a motion where, "having given due regard

to the opportunity of the jury to pass upon the credibility of the witnesses, it

clearly and convincingly appears that there was a miscarriage of justice under

the law." The scope of our review is narrow and "ordinarily [we] do not set

[civil jury verdicts] aside and order a new trial unless there has been a proven

manifest injustice." Jacobs v. Jersey Central Power & Light Co., 452 N.J. Super.

494, 502 (App. Div. 2017) (citing R. 4:49-1).         We accord "considerable

deference to a trial court's decision to order a new trial, as the trial court has

gained a 'feel of the case' through the long days of the trial."       Lanzet v.

Greenberg, 126 N.J. 168, 175 (1991); accord Conklin v. Hannoch Weisman, 145

N.J. 395, 407 (1996). We add that "[i]n reviewing a trial court's evidential

ruling, an appellate court is limited to examining the decision for abuse of

discretion." Hisenaj v. Kuehner, 194 N.J. 6, 12 (2008) (citing Brenman v.

                                                                            A-1106-19
                                        7
Demello, 191 N.J. 18, 31 (2007)); accord Jacobs, 452 N.J. Super. at 502

("Ordinarily we will not set aside civil verdicts on this basis unless the court has

abused its discretion, including with respect to issues of the admissibility of

expert opinion.").

                                       A.

      At the close of both parties' cases, over defendant's objection, the trial

judge permitted plaintiff to re-open her case for the limited purpose of asking

her expert witness to affirm that his opinion had been given "within a reasonable

degree of medical certainty." Plaintiff's counsel neglected to pose this question

to the expert in plaintiff's case-in-chief.

      Plaintiff's counsel then posed a single question to the expert: "[w]ere all

of the opinions that you gave in this case given with a reasonable degree of

medical certainty?"     On cross-examination, plaintiff's expert reiterated that

although his initial testimony did not include that statement, the opinions he

rendered in his earlier testimony were indeed within a reasonable degree of

medical probability.

      We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in permitting the

plaintiff to reopen her case.      Cf., N.J.R.E. 611 ("The court shall exercise

reasonable control over the mode and order of interrogating witnesses and

                                                                              A-1106-19
                                            8
presenting evidence to (1) make those procedures effective for determining the

truth; [and] (2) avoid wasting time . . . .") The cure did not unduly prolong the

proceedings, nor did it result in a miscarriage of justice. We also add that the

trial judge extended a similar courtesy to defendant, permitting defendant's

counsel to re-open his case to admit x-ray evidence that counsel had neglected

to submit into evidence.

                                        B.

         Defendant's counsel objected when plaintiff's attorney began questioning

plaintiff's expert as to the treatment of patients who are not neurologically intact.

The trial judge sustained the objection, ruling that raising the issue of plaintiff's

neurological state would confuse the jury. Defendant's counsel did not move to

strike this testimony.

         In the written opinion denying defendant's motion for a new trial, the trial

judge explained that the expert's remarks concerning plaintiff's neurological

state,

               while marginally speculative, were not unduly
               prejudicial and further constituted permissive
               inferences drawn by an expert from opinions set forth
               in his narrative report. The [c]ourt found that,
               accordingly, no curative instruction was necessary at
               that time. The [c]ourt cautioned the parties, however,
               that similar speculation regarding [p]laintiff's injuries

                                                                               A-1106-19
                                             9
            had she not been found neurologically intact would not
            be permitted.

      We are satisfied the trial judge did not abuse her discretion by failing to

sua sponte strike the testimony or issue a curative instruction to the jury.

                                      C.

      Defendant next contends the trial judge erred by allowing plaintiff's

counsel to question plaintiff regarding her financial inability to continue

treatment. We agree with the trial judge that defendant's counsel "opened the

door" to this line of questioning when he commented in his opening statement

that plaintiff prematurely ceased care with her chiropractor. See State v. James,

144 N.J. 538, 554 (1996) ("The doctrine of opening the door allows a party to

elicit otherwise inadmissible evidence when the opposing party has made unfair

prejudicial use of related evidence.").

      Defendant cites to Morales-Hurtado v. Reinoso, 457 N.J. Super. 170, 193

n.6 (App. Div. 2018), aff'd, 241 N.J. 590 (2020), for the proposition that it was

inappropriate for plaintiff's counsel to question her about defense counsel's

opening statement.     However, defendant's reliance on Morales-Hurtado is

misplaced. The portion of the opinion cited by defendant notes that it was

inappropriate in that case for defense counsel on cross-examination to ask the

                                                                               A-1106-19
                                          10
plaintiff about a comment his own counsel made in his opening statement. 4

Morales-Hurtado does not prohibit an attorney from posing questions to a client

on direct-examination about a subject that was raised in opposing counsel's

opening statement. We do not read Morales-Hurtado to foreclose application of

the "opening the door" principle to comments made by an attorney in his or her

opening statement.

      We add that in this instance, defendant's counsel did not propose a curative

instruction but rather elected to cross-examine plaintiff regarding her financial

ability to continue treatment with her chiropractor. Nor did defendant's counsel

ask for an instruction explaining the limited purpose for which the jury should

consider this testimony. In these circumstances, we see no abuse of discretion

or miscarriage of justice in allowing plaintiff to explain why she ceased

treatment with her chiropractor.

                                     D.

      We likewise reject defendant's contention that the trial court abused its

discretion by allowing plaintiff's counsel to read to the jury portions of

4
   The footnote defendant relies on states: "Defense counsel also asked plaintiff
a question about a comment plaintiff's attorney made in his opening statement.
Cross-examining a party about his attorney's opening statement is improper."
Morales-Hurtado, 457 N.J. Super. at 193 n.6.

                                                                            A-1106-19
                                      11
defendant's deposition transcript from the passenger's case that was settled. That

case was consolidated with the present matter. Furthermore, as the trial court

noted in its written opinion, defendant's counsel had agreed that this testimony

could be introduced into evidence. We add that even absent that stipulation,

defendant's deposition testimony would be admissible under N.J.R.E. 803(b) as

a statement by a party-opponent.

                                      E.

      We next turn to defendant's contention that he was entitled to a new trial

because plaintiff's counsel made several prejudicial statements in his

summation.     Specifically, defendant argues that during closing argument,

plaintiff's counsel: (1) improperly asked the jury not to marginalize plaintiff's

case;5 (2) referred to the expert testimony regarding plaintiff's neurological state

the trial court had ruled inadmissible;6 (3) improperly remarked that defendant

"did not call a bio-mechanical expert who was going to tell you that this accident

5
  Counsel argued in summation, "[y]ou know, you really have two choices under
the law. You can treat her fairly and give her a fair and just verdict or you can
marginalize her and her case and say that it simply doesn't matter."
6
   Counsel argued in summation, "[b]ut [plaintiff's expert] says [plaintiff's]
neurologically intact. I would submit to you if she (indiscernible) neurologically
intact she'd probably be on an operating table—somewhere."

                                                                              A-1106-19
                                        12
could have happened"; and (4) attempted to impermissibly invoke the so-called

"golden rule," which asks jurors to award the damages they would want if they

were in plaintiff's position rather than award the damages a reasonable person

would deem to be fair and adequate. 7

      Counsel is generally afforded broad latitude in making closing arguments.

Brenman v. Demello, 191 N.J. 18, 33 (2007). When that latitude is exceeded,

"a clear and firm jury charge may cure any prejudice created by counsel's

improper remarks during opening or closing argument." City of Linden, Cnty.

of Union v. Benedict Motel Corp., 370 N.J. Super. 372, 398 (App. Div. 2004).

      The record shows that plaintiff's counsel made a timely objection to the

first four remarks we enumerated. The trial judge sustained those objections

7
    In Geler v. Akawie, we explained that "[a]s early as 1910, our courts
recognized that . . . jurors were not free to adopt what they would want as
compensation for injury, pain[,] and suffering, but were instead required to base
their verdict upon what a reasonable person would find to be fair and adequate
in the circumstances. 358 N.J. Super. 437, 464 (App. Div. 2003)
(citing Goodrich v. Thomas Cort, Inc., 80 N.J.L. 653, 657 (Sup.Ct.
1910)). Accordingly, "[t]he Old Testament's “golden rule” that you should do
unto others as you would wish them to do unto you may not be applied in this
context." Ibid. (citing Botta v. Brunner, 26 N.J. 82, 94 (1958)). We recognized
in Geler that "the difficulty that inheres in an invocation of the golden rule in
place of the standard articulated in Botta is that it 'encourages the jury to depart
from neutrality and to decide the case on the basis of personal interest and bias
rather than on the evidence.'" Id. at 464–65 (citing Spray-Rite Serv. Corp. v.
Monsanto Co., 684 F.2d 1226, 1246 (7th Cir. 1982)).
                                                                              A-1106-19
                                        13
and instructed the jury to disregard counsel's comments. We are satisfied that

with respect to these remarks, the trial judge acted promptly and decisively in

issuing a "clear and firm" jury instruction that cured any prejudice. Ibid.

      Defendant's contention regarding the alleged invocation of the "golden

rule" stands in a different procedural posture. The record before us does not

indicate that defendant actually raised an objection to the comment during or

following the summation. Thus, the trial judge was not afforded an opportunity

to address the issue and deliver a timely curative instruction. See State v.

Bauman, 298 N.J. Super. 176, 207 (App. Div. 1997) ("We recognize the general

reluctance of counsel to object during a summation yet recognize that an

objection immediately following summation does permit curative action by the

judge. Silence on the part of counsel and a subsequent motion for a new trial

cannot be condoned."). We do not see in this case any reluctance on the part of

defendant's counsel in interrupting plaintiff's closing arguments. As we noted

earlier, counsel made several other timely—and successful—objections that

prompted curative instructions. As such, we believe the failure to make a timely

objection with respect to the alleged golden rule transgression indicates that

counsel did not believe the remarks were prejudicial as defendant now claims.

Cf., State v. Irving, 114 N.J. 427, 444 (1989) ("[D]efense counsel's failure to

                                                                              A-1106-19
                                      14
make an objection at trial creates an inference that he [or she] did not find the

prosecutor's remarks prejudicial.") (citing State v. Johnson, 31 N.J. 489, 511

(1960)).

      Furthermore, as both parties acknowledged at oral argument before us, the

trial transcript is indiscernible at the point where plaintiff's counsel is alleged to

have invoked the golden rule. 8 Defendant never moved to clarify or supplement

the record. Based on the record on appeal, we conclude defendant has failed to

demonstrate that an inappropriate reference to the golden rule even occurred,

much less that counsel's remarks warrant reversal and a new trial.

                                       III.

      Defendant contends the numerous asserted errors he attributes to the trial

judge collectively created such severe prejudice to defendant as to warrant a new

trial. We find no merit in that contention. 9

8
  Both parties cite to the portion of the trial transcript that reads: "[t]he question
is what would it take, what would somebody accept as compensation as wages
(indiscernible)?"
9
   We note defendant's cumulative error argument was first raised as a formal
point heading in defendant's reply brief. Our courts have long held that "a party
may not advance a new argument in a reply brief." Bouie v. N.J. Dep't of Cmty.
Affairs, 407 N.J. Super. 518, 525 n.1 (App. Div. 2009) (citing Borough of Berlin
v. Remington Vernick Eng'rs, 337 N.J. Super. 590, 596 (App. Div. 2001)). We
nonetheless elect to address defendant's contentions on the merits.
                                                                                A-1106-19
                                         15
         In Pellicer ex rel. Pellicer v. St. Barnabas Hosp., the Supreme Court noted

that in appropriate circumstances, "a new trial may be warranted when 'there

were too many errors [and] the errors relate to relevant matters and in the

aggregate rendered the trial unfair.'" 200 N.J. 22, 55 (2009) (alteration in

original) (quoting Diakamopoulos v. Monmouth Med. Ctr., 312 N.J. Super. 20,

37 (App. Div. 1998)). The Court identified four factors: (1) whether the trial

court's cumulative errors pervaded the whole trial; (2) whether the trial court's

"troubling discretionary decisions" opened the door to inflaming the jury's view

of the evidence by pushing the jury to make "inappropriate and irrelevant"

considerations; (3) whether the trial court failed to treat the parties fairly and

evenhandedly; and (4) whether a "review of the complete record, including the

jury selection method and the quantum of the verdict," distinctly suggested that

the aggrieved party was not "accorded justice." Id. at 55–56.

         In the present case, defendant has not established any of these factors.

Indeed, for the reasons we have already explained, we reject each of defendant's

separate contentions that the trial judge committed error in managing the trial.

We therefore conclude the trial court committed none of the claimed errors,

much less multiple errors whose cumulative effect warrants a reversal and new

trial.

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                                         16
                                      IV.

      We next address defendant's contention that the motion judge erred in

modifying the trial judge's award of counsel fees and costs. Rule 4:49-2 governs

motions for reconsideration that seek to alter or amend a judgment or order.

Reconsideration rests within the sound discretion of the court and is to be

exercised in the interest of justice. Cummings v. Bahr, 295 N.J. Super. 374, 384

(App. Div. 1996).     Reconsideration is appropriate, however, only in cases

"which fall into that narrow corridor in which either (1) the [c]ourt has expressed

its decision based upon a palpably incorrect or irrational basis, or (2) it is

obvious that the [c]ourt either did not consider, or failed to appreciate the

significance of probative, competent evidence." D'Atria v. D'Atria, 242 N.J.

Super. 392, 401 (Ch. Div. 1990). The moving party must demonstrate that the

court acted “in an arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable manner, before the

[c]ourt should engage in the actual reconsideration process."                 Ibid.

Alternatively, a movant may ask the court to reconsider a prior decision or order

if there is new or additional information that the movant could not have provided

on its first application for relief. Ibid. A litigant should not, however, seek

reconsideration "merely because of dissatisfaction with a decision of the

[c]ourt." Ibid.

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                                       17
      Informed by these general standards for reviewing motions for

reconsideration, we turn to the substantive principles governing the award of

fees and costs to a prevailing litigant. When a defendant rejects the plaintiff's

offer of judgment and the plaintiff later recovers a money judgment in excess of

120% of the rejected offer, the plaintiff is entitled to recover the "costs of suit[,]

all reasonable litigation expenses incurred following non-acceptance[,]

prejudgment interest[,] and a reasonable attorney's fee for such subsequent

services as are compelled by the non-acceptance." R. 4:58-2(a).

      Plaintiff originally made an offer of judgment for $35,000 in April 2015

and a second offer of judgment for $20,000 following the arbitration award in

her favor in April 2018. Defendant rejected both offers. The jury awarded

plaintiff $99,360 in damages and the trial judge accordingly awarded counsel

fees for the time expended since the original offer of judgment in April 2015.

However, the trial judge reduced the award by 50%, premised upon her finding

the fee certification submitted by plaintiff's attorney included entries that were

either duplicative, administrative/secretarial tasks performed by the attorney,

unsupported by evidence, or reconstructed because of lack of contemporaneous

billing records.

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                                         18
       On reconsideration, the motion judge concluded that while the trial judge

had thoughtfully identified concerns relating to counsel's billing practices and

entries, she was nonetheless mistaken in declining to award fees for certain

entries and acted arbitrarily by reducing the total fee award by 50% without

providing a more specific explanation for choosing that percentage reduction.

      Defendant argues on appeal that the motion court "abused its discretion

when upon reconsideration it increased the award of attorney's fees" and "did

not have a clear understanding of the facts underlying this case that caused [the

trial judge] to limit the award of attorney's fees." We disagree. The record

shows the motion judge meticulously reviewed the relevant documentation.

      We agree with the motion judge that although the trial court identified

particular entries in which it disagreed with the attorney fee records, the trial

court failed to provide either supporting legal authority or a specific explanation

as to how exactly it arrived at the 50% reduction. We believe the appropriate

remedy was to subtract from the total award the billed hours associated with the

identified problematic entries. That is precisely what the motion judge did after

conducting an exhaustive review of the case file. Furthermore, the motion judge

                                                                             A-1106-19
                                       19
identified specific instances in which he found the trial judge either erred 10 or

did not have the benefit of supporting documentation. 11         Based upon that

painstaking analysis, the motion judge concluded the trial judge's reduction of

hours by 50% "was an extreme measure" that required correction. We are

satisfied the motion judge identified specific instances where the trial judge

erred in reducing the counsel fee award and that the motion judge made

appropriate corrective adjustments.

10
   By way of example, the motion judge found that the trial judge erred in
reducing a ten-hour billing entry on October 17, 2018 to five hours, given that
the trial judge had directed counsel to be present in court for trial from 8:30 a.m.
to 4:30 p.m. and counsel had conservatively billed a couple hours after trial for
travel time to his office and preparation for continued trial the next day. Cf.,
H.I.P. v. K. Hovnanian at Mahwah, Inc., 291 N.J. Super. 144, 164–65 (Law Div.
1996) (noting a counsel fee award could properly include billable hours for
attorney travel time). We highlight this to show the meticulous detail with which
the motion judge reviewed the voluminous record.
11
   We recognize the standard for reconsideration generally would require the
supporting documentation to have been submitted in the original application.
See Cap. Fin. Co. of Del. Valley, Inc. v. Asterbadi, 398 N.J. Super. 299, 310
(App. Div. 2008) ("A motion for reconsideration is designed to seek review of
an order based on the evidence before the court on the initial motion, R. 1:7-4,
not to serve as a vehicle to introduce new evidence in order to cure an
inadequacy in the motion record.") (citing Cummings, 295 N.J. at 384). The
motion judge acknowledged this general principle but nonetheless accepted and
carefully reviewed the case file presented in support of the motion for
reconsideration. We note that while defendant appeals from the motion court's
order granting reconsideration and modifying the award of fees and costs,
defendant does not specifically argue that the motion judge erred in accepting
and reviewing the plaintiff's case file.
                                                                              A-1106-19
                                        20
      We further hold that the motion judge did not abuse his discretion in

denying defendant's cross-motion to compel deposition of plaintiff's counsel in

connection with his fee certification. The motion judge aptly noted that under

Kerr v. Able Sanitary and Env't Servs, Inc., 295 N.J. Super. 147, 155 (App. Div.

1996), deposition of opposing counsel is disfavored due to the inherent

likelihood of "delay, disruption, harassment, and even disqualification of the

attorney from further representation of the client in the underlying litigation."

We agree with the motion judge that defendant has not demonstrated a legitimate

need to depose plaintiff's counsel given that defendant was afforded an

opportunity to examine the same supporting documentation that was submi tted

to the court. See Kerr, 295 N.J. Super. at 155 ("Here, we are convinced that an

order requiring adverse counsel to submit to a deposition must rest on a clear

determination that the information sought is not only relevant but is within the

proponent's legitimate discovery needs as determined in the context of the

particular case.").

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                                      21
                                      VI.

      Finally, we address plaintiff's cross-appeal. Plaintiff contends the trial

judge erred in denying expert witness fees in the amount of $4,500, as part of

"reasonable litigation expenses" under the offer of judgment rule, Rule 4:58-2.12

We disagree. As the trial court noted, we have previously held that as a general

matter, expert fees are not awardable as reasonable litigation expenses. As we

explained in Maintainco Inc. v. Mitsubishi, "[g]enerally, 'litigants bear their own

expenses for fees and costs, except where specifically authorized by statute, rule,

or agreement.'" 408 N.J. Super. 461, 481–82 (App. Div. 2009) (quoting Josantos

Constr. v. Bohrer, 326 N.J. Super. 42, 47–48 (App. Div. 1999)). In Buccina v.

Micheletti, we reiterated: "expenses for either an expert preparing for trial or

obtaining an expert's report are merely costs incident to trial preparation. In the

absence of statute or rule, they are part of the expenses that must be borne by

every litigant in their own case." 311 N.J. Super. 557, 566 (App. Div. 1998)

(citing Hirsch v. Tushill, Ltd., Inc., 110 N.J. 644, 648–49 (1988)).

      We note that in contrast to Rule 4:58-2, the statute governing arbitration

of automobile negligence cases, explicitly lists expert fees as an awardable cost.

12
   As we have noted, although plaintiff sought reconsideration of the trial judge's
decision to reduce the total award, plaintiff did not seek reconsideration of the
trial judge's decision to exclude expert witness fees from that award.
                                                                             A-1106-19
                                       22
N.J.S.A. 39:6A-34 provides, in pertinent part: "[t]he party having filed for a

trial de novo shall be assessed court costs and other reasonable costs of the other

party to the judicial proceeding, including attorney’s fees, investigation

expenses and expenses for expert or other testimony or evidence . . . ." (emphasis

added). While this statute thus expressly authorizes the assessment of expenses

for expert testimony when a party unsuccessfully attempts to reject an arbitration

award, plaintiff failed to present the applicability of this statutory provision in

any of her submissions either to the trial court or on appeal, neither party cites

this provision, and the record on appeal does not indicate which party filed for

a trial de novo from the arbitration proceedings. Accordingly, on the record

before us, we have no basis upon which to disturb the trial court's decision to

exclude witness fees from the award of costs and fees under Rule 4:58-2.

      To the extent we have not addressed them, any remaining arguments

raised by defendant in his appeal or plaintiff in her cross-appeal lack sufficient

merit to warrant discussion in this opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.

                                                                             A-1106-19
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