Court Opinion

ID: 5201654
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-06 15:53:39.101486+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:27:12.358667
License: Public Domain

Ingraham, J. (dissenting):
The testator on March 15, 1873, opened two savings bank accounts, one in the Bowery Savings Bank, and the other in the Seamen’s Bank for Savings. In each of those accounts he deposited $250. In the Bowery Savings Bank the account was opened, -“Bowery Savings Bank, in account*with Alonzo W. Balch in trust for' David C. Balch, his son.” In the Seamen’s Bank for Savings it was, “.Seamen’s Bank for Savings in account with Alonzo W. Balch, in trust for David C. Balch.” From the account in the Bowery Bank there was drawn out $33.10 on February ninth, the year not stated. . The interest was credited in this bank book in 1871, 1876, 1879,1881, 18bl; and on March 3, 1591, $100 was deposited and. the account remained in this condition until the ‘ death of the testator. In the Seamen’s Bank for Savings there was withdrawn on July 2, 1876, $71.88. ■ The interest was credited on this account from January, 1874. On March 3,1874, $200 in-addition was deposited, and the bank book was balanced on January 1, 1879, showing a balance of $526.90. On February'28, 1891, $200 in addition was deposited and the account continued without further change to the death of the testator. At. the time these accounts were opened the testator had a son, David C. Balch, six years of age. This son died on February 13, 1902, leaving a last Will and testament making his wife, Adelaide M. Balch,. sole legatee, and appointing her executrix, which was admitted .to probate and letters - testamentary issued. The testator-died on December 21, 1903, leaving a last will and testament Which was admitted to probate and letters testamentary wore issued-to the United States Trust Company as executor. The question presented'is, whether the appellant,, as executrix of David C. Balch, is entitled to the amount of these two' deposits. There is evidence that the testator’s attention was *183called to these two bank books shortly before his death, and after the death of the beneficiary, but the testator did no act which indicated an intention to revoke the trust. By this deposit with the savings bank in trust for the depositor’s son there was created a trust; the depositor became the trustee, and the son the beneficiary. The accounts were not active accounts; -they were not used by the testator for his personal deposits; there was but one withdrawal from each of the accounts, and. but three additional deposits during the thirty years that they were in existence before the death of the testator. In the absence of any communication of the existence of the trust to the beneficiary, or any other act of the. creator of the trust to indicate an intention to make the trust irrevocable, these trusts were revocable by the testator at any time prior to his death. (Matter of Totten, 179 N. Y. 112.) If the testator had died before the_ beneficiary, without revoking the trust, there could be no question but that the beneficiary would have been entitled to the amount deposited. The court below held that this trust was revoked by the death of the beneficiary prior to the depositor’s death. The whole question is discussed and the various decisions in this State upon this subject considered in Matter of Totten (supra). It is there said: “ When a deposit is made in trust and the depositor dies intestate, leaving it undisturbed, in the absence of other evidence, the presumption seems to arise that a trust was intended in order to avoid the trouble of making a will. * * * After much reflection upon the subject, guided by the principles established by our former decisions, we announce the following as our conclusion: A deposit by one person of his own money, in his own name as trustee for another, standing alone, does not establish an irrevocable trust during the lifetime of the depositor. It is a tentative trust merely, revocable at will, until the depositor dies or completes the gift in his lifetime by some unequivocal act or declaration, such as delivery of the pass book or notice to the beneficiary. In case the depositor dies before the beneficiary without revocation, or some decisive act or declaration of disaffirmance, the presumption arises that an absolute trust was created as to the balance on hand at the death of the. depositor.”
This' decision settles the disputed question in relation to these savings bank deposits, except in case of the death of the beneficiary *184before the depositor. The trust, being revocable by the depositor," any act indicating an intention of the depositor to revoke it would, be sufficient, but it-is revocable by the"creator'of the trust, and if lie allows the trust to continue after' the death of the beneficiary, it would seem' to indicate that, lie intended it should continue, and upon his! death, become absolute.- The trust, which is revocable by the trustee or creator of the trust, continues as a valid trust, until by some act of the creator of the trust, who reserves the right to revoke it, the trust was. revoked. It was not revocable by the act. of any -person except the creator 'of the trust, and it was to remain a valid trust if' unrevoked at his deatln . The death óf a beneficiary does not revoke a trust of which he is the beneficiary, and if a trust was created by the deposit, in the absence of-any,act of the testator ^indicating an intention to revoke^. the trust continues, and after the death of thé creator of the' trust, the beneficiary,, or his-personal representatives, is entitled to the! trust fund. In Matter of Bulwinkle (107 App. Div. 331) the creator of .the trust, after the death of file beneficiary, erased the name of the beneficiary fro'm the-bank book and treated the account as a personal account, depositing and with drawing .moneys, and this ’justified the conclusion that the creator of the trust .revoked it before her death. In Garvey v. Clifford (114 App. Div. 193; 99 N. Y. Supp. 555) it was held under the "facts then disclosed that no trust was created.' It is said that this trust is tentative, dependent upon the survival of the beneficiary, but there is no- evidence to- show that such was the intention of the depositor. He undoubtedly reserved the right to revoke it and to that extent it was. tentative, but li-is failure to-revoke it after the death of the beneficiary of which he had knowledge indicated an intention to continue it.
.1 am also inclineil to think that it was error to exclude the testimony . of the executrix of the son. The executrix "was called and. asked as fo communications made to her by the beneficiary to show that he had knowledge óf the existence of .the tr.pst ¡during his life^ The fact that the beneficiary had notice of the existence of the trust in his favor, was a fact which was competent evidence, and that fact could be proved by declarations by the beneficiary indicating that he had such knowledge. The testimony of Adelaide - M. Balch was offered in behalf of the estate of which she was the executrix. She *185was not an adverse party to the estate of which she was executrix, and if it was competent to prove that her husband had notice of the existence of this trust, the fact that her husband was dead and she was interested in his estate "would not make her testimony invalid under section 829 of the Code. The evidence was not offered to prove personal transactions with the creator of the trust against whose estate -a claim was made, but a declaration made by the beneficiary to show that he had knowledge of the existence of the trust.
I think, therefore, that this order should be reversed.
• Order affirmed, with costs.