Court Opinion

ID: 2814623
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-07-06 17:00:40.446618+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:30:32.995554
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     AVERY RENEE WEBSTER,                            DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         DC-0752-13-0280-I-2

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY,                           DATE: July 6, 2015
                 Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Avery Renee Webster, Upper Marlboro, Maryland, pro se.

           James Christopher Bush, Esquire, and Michele A. Forte, Washington, D.C.,
             for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                              Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
                                 Mark A. Robbins, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     affirmed her removal. Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only when:
     the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact; the initial
     decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation or the

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                        2

     erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the judge’s rulings
     during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent
     with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting
     error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material evidence or legal
     argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not
     available when the record closed. See Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations,
     section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this
     appeal, and based on the following points and authorities, we conclude that the
     petitioner has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the
     petition for review. Therefore, we DENY the petition for review. We MODIFY
     the initial decision slightly to correct the administrative judge’s findings on the
     disability discrimination claim and the chosen penalty, and AFFIRM the initial
     decision.

                                      BACKGROUND
¶2         The appellant was employed as a GS-13 Attorney-Examiner with the
     agency’s Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA).          Webster v. Department of
     Energy, MSPB Docket No. DC-0752-13-0280-I-1, Initial Appeal File (IAF),
     Tab 7 at 185. On March 14, 2012, the agency proposed the appellant’s removal
     based on charges of inappropriate conduct and failure to follow supervisory
     instructions. IAF, Tab 6 at 10-13.
¶3         In support of the inappropriate conduct charge, the agency alleged that the
     appellant did not pick up two cases that had been assigned to her until 6 days
     after her supervisor, J.F., first directed her to do so. IAF, Tab 6 at 10. In support
     of the failure to follow supervisory instructions charge, the agency alleged that
     the appellant failed to attend scheduled meetings with J.F. on February 28, and
     March 6, 2012, in connection with her performance improvement plan (PIP), even
     though J.F. directed the appellant to report to those meetings. Id. at 11; see IAF,
     Tab 18 at 118; see also Webster v. Department of Energy, MSPB Docket No.
                                                                                      3

     DC-0752-13-0280-I-2, Refiled Appeal File (RAF), Tab 5 at 203-04. The agency
     informed the appellant that, in deciding to propose her removal, it had considered
     her prior discipline, specifically: (1) a 1-day suspension issued on February 24,
     2010, for three incidents of misconduct from August 2009, through January 2010;
     (2) a 5-day suspension issued on May 21 2010, for inappropriate conduct towards
     her former supervisor on March 16, and April 6, 2010, and failure to follow
     instructions set forth in a March 16, 2010 counseling memorandum; and
     (3) a 14-day suspension issued on October 21, 2011, for disrespectful and
     argumentative behavior towards J.F. on March 2, and April 20, 2011. IAF, Tab 6
     at 11-12; see IAF, Tab 5 at 240-43, Tab 7 at 83-85, 114-15.
¶4         The appellant did not respond to the notice of proposed removal. See IAF,
     Tab 6 at 6. The deciding official sustained both charges cited in the notice and
     the appellant was removed effective April 16, 2012. Id. at 4, 6-8.
¶5         At the time of her removal, the appellant had a formal equal employment
     opportunity (EEO) complaint pending with the agency, and the agency had
     accepted several issues for investigation. See IAF, Tab 5 at 37-40, Tab 6 at 16.
     Following her removal, the agency accepted for investigation the issue of whether
     the appellant had been subjected to discrimination based on race, sex, and
     disability, and retaliation for prior EEO activity, when she was removed from her
     position. See IAF, Tab 5 at 212-13. Accordingly, the agency added that issue to
     her EEO complaint. Id. On January 11, 2013, the agency issued a final decision
     regarding the appellant’s EEO complaint, finding no discrimination and notifying
     her of her right to file an appeal with the Board. Id. at 42-87.
¶6         The appellant filed a Board appeal challenging her removal and requested a
     hearing. IAF, Tab 1. She raised affirmative defenses of discrimination based on
     race, sex, and disability, as well as retaliation for prior EEO activity,
     whistleblowing, and other protected activity. Id. at 5; IAF, Tab 16 at 8.
¶7         Following a hearing, the administrative judge issued an initial decision that
     affirmed the appellant’s removal. RAF, Tab 26, Initial Decision (ID) at 1, 13.
                                                                                       4

      The administrative judge found that: the agency proved both charges, ID at 3-7;
      the appellant did not prove her affirmative defenses, ID at 10-13; and the penalty
      of removal was reasonable, ID at 8-10. The appellant has filed a petition for
      review, the agency has responded in opposition, and the appellant has replied to
      the agency’s response. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tabs 1-2, 6.

                                          ANALYSIS
      The administrative judge correctly found that the agency proved the inappropriate
      conduct charge.
¶8            In finding that the agency proved the inappropriate conduct charge, the
      administrative judge fully set forth the facts underlying the charge and considered
      the testimony of the appellant and J.F., as well as the documentary evidence
      relevant to the charge.     ID at 4-6.   The administrative judge noted that the
      appellant did not deny in either her emails to J.F. or in her testimony that she
      failed to pick up the case files when requested to do so on February 21, and 24,
      2012.     ID at 4-5.   The administrative judge further noted that the appellant
      admitted during cross-examination that she did not pick up the case files on
      February 21, 22, or 24, 2012. ID at 5 (citing RAF, Tab 25, Hearing Compact
      Disc (Hearing CD)).
¶9            The administrative judge also considered the reasons the appellant offered
      for her delay in retrieving the case files on February 21, and 24, 2012. See ID
      at 4-6.    The administrative judge noted that the appellant testified that J.F.
      regularly “threw her out of her office” and implied that this was why she did not
      pick up the case files as requested on February 21, and 24, 2012. ID at 4 (citing
      Hearing CD).
¶10           In contrast to the appellant’s testimony, J.F. testified that the appellant
      refused to pick up the files as requested on both days, and that she had to be
      directed to leave J.F.’s office on February 24. ID at 5. The administrative judge
      credited J.F.’s version of events over the appellant’s, finding that J.F. was calm,
      controlled, and reasonable, and that J.F.’s demeanor was very mild-mannered and
                                                                                         5

      polite.   Id.   The administrative judge described the appellant’s demeanor as
      “argumentative, obstructive, obstinate, disrespectful, controlling and disruptive,”
      and she did not find the appellant’s version of her interaction with J.F. on the
      dates in question “at all credible.” Id. The appellant’s reiteration on review of
      her account of the events of February 24, 2012, is essentially mere disagreement
      with the administrative judge’s explained credibility findings, and, as such,
      provides no basis for disturbing the initial decision. See Haebe v. Department of
      Justice, 288 F.3d 1288, 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (the Board must give due deference
      to an administrative judge’s credibility determinations when they are based,
      explicitly or implicitly, on the observation of the demeanor of witnesses
      testifying at the hearing, and the Board may overturn credibility determinations
      only when it has “sufficiently sound” reasons for doing so); see also Broughton v.
      Department of Health & Human Services, 33 M.S.P.R. 357, 359 (1987) (finding
      no reason to disturb the administrative judge’s findings where the administrative
      judge considered the evidence as a whole, drew appropriate inferences, and made
      reasoned conclusions).
¶11         The appellant argues on review that, in sustaining the inappropriate conduct
      charge, the administrative judge failed to consider that J.F. violated agency policy
      by assigning her new work after her counseling memorandum 2 expired without
      first meeting with her to discuss her performance. PFR File, Tab 1 at 6-8. In
      support of her argument, the appellant asserts that, during a mandatory online
      training session in 2010-2011, all agency employees were informed that
      supervisors must discuss or review an employee’s performance at the expiration
      of a counseling memorandum and prior to the assignment of additional work. Id.
      at 6-7.

      2
        The appellant is apparently referring to the performance counseling memorandum that
      she received during her performance appraisal on November 3, 2011. See IAF, Tab 6
      at 114-15. The memorandum was initially scheduled to expire on January 2, 2012;
      however, J.F. extended the memorandum an additional 30 days. See id. at 116.
                                                                                        6

¶12        We find the appellant’s argument unavailing. First, the appellant has not
      established that this alleged announcement during an online training session
      constitutes an actual agency policy. Moreover, even assuming arguendo that such
      a policy existed, the appellant acted inappropriately by not picking up the case
      files until February 27, 2012.    Employees do not have an unfettered right to
      disregard supervisory instructions. See Harris v. Department of the Air Force,
      62 M.S.P.R. 524, 528 (1994). Rather, an employee must first comply with an
      order and then, if she disagrees with the order, register her complaint or grievance
      later, except in certain limited circumstances, such as where obedience would
      cause her irreparable harm or place her in a clearly dangerous situation.       See
      Larson v. Department of the Army, 91 M.S.P.R. 511, ¶ 21 (2002). Thus, even if
      J.F. violated an agency policy by assigning the appellant new cases without
      having discussed her performance with her after the counseling memorandum
      expired, the appellant was not justified in refusing to pick up the cases on
      February 21, 2012, and again on February 24, 2012, as directed, given that the
      appellant did not show that having to follow J.F.’s instruction would have harmed
      or endangered her in any way. See Cooke v. U.S. Postal Service, 67 M.S.P.R.
      401, 408 (the appellant was not entitled to disobey a reassignment order, despite
      the Board’s ultimate agreement that it was not effected properly, because his
      conduct was not protected by a privilege or by a concern that it would cause him
      irreparable harm), aff’d, 73 F.3d 380 (Fed. Cir. 1995) (Table).
      The administrative judge correctly found that the agency proved the charge of
      failure to follow supervisory instructions.
¶13        On review, the appellant argues that she was not allowed to challenge the
      merits of the PIP and that the administrative judge could not have found that
      “there is no question [J.F.’s] instructions concerning the appellant’s attendance at
      weekly PIP meetings were proper” without first finding that the PIP was properly
      issued. PFR File, Tab 1 at 8. We disagree. The administrative judge correctly
      found that J.F.’s instructions concerning the appellant’s attendance at weekly PIP
                                                                                         7

      meetings were proper, and that there was no dispute that the appellant refused to
      comply with them. ID at 6; see RAF, Tab 17 at 104-05 (admitting that, as part of
      her PIP, the appellant was required to meet with J.F. every Tuesday beginning
      February 28, 2012; J.F. directed her to attend scheduled meetings on February 28,
      and March 6, 2012; and she did not attend those meetings); see also Hamilton v.
      U.S. Postal Service, 71 M.S.P.R. 547, 556 (1996) (an agency establishes the
      charge of failure to follow supervisory instructions by showing that proper
      instructions were given to an employee and that the employee failed to follow
      them). Also, contrary to the appellant’s apparent contention, the administrative
      judge’s determination that J.F.’s instructions were proper did not include a
      determination regarding the propriety of the PIP, which is not within the Board’s
      jurisdiction.   See Shaishaa v. Department of the Army, 58 M.S.P.R. 450, 454
      (1992) (finding that an employee’s placement on a PIP is outside the scope of the
      Board’s jurisdiction).
¶14         Further, to the extent that the appellant now argues that J.F.’s instructions
      were improper, we disagree. As the appellant’s immediate supervisor, J.F. acted
      properly by directing the appellant to attend meetings to discuss her performance.
      Moreover, in light of the appellant’s argument regarding the first charge, i.e., that
      J.F. acted improperly by assigning her new cases without first discussing her
      performance with her, we find inconsistent the appellant’s apparent contention
      that J.F.’s instructions directing her to meet to discuss her performance were
      improper. Given the appellant’s claim that she repeatedly asked to meet with J.F.
      to discuss her performance after the expiration of her counseling memorandum,
      see PFR File, Tab 1 at 8, it seems that the appellant would have welcomed the
      opportunity to attend the PIP meetings.
¶15         We also find unavailing the appellant’s argument that she was justified in
      not following J.F.’s instructions to attend the meetings on February 28, and
      March 6, 2012, because she believed that, unless a third party was present during
      those meetings, her attendance would jeopardize her health, safety, and welfare.
                                                                                          8

      Id. at 9-10. As noted above, an employee generally must follow a supervisor’s
      order and then register a complaint or grievance later except in limited
      circumstances, such as where obedience would place the employee in a clearly
      dangerous situation, or would cause her irreparable harm. Larson, 91 M.S.P.R.
      511, ¶ 21; Cooke, 67 M.S.P.R. at 407-08.            An appellant’s subjective and
      unsupported apprehension of danger does not justify her refusal to perform her
      duties, however. Larson, 91 M.S.P.R. 511, ¶ 21 (citing Haymore v. Department
      of the Navy, 9 M.S.P.R. 499, 504-05 (1982)).         Here, there is no evidence to
      support the appellant’s apparent claim that meeting with her supervisor without a
      third party present would place her in a dangerous situation. Thus, we find that
      the appellant’s purported concern about her health, safety, and welfare is not a
      legitimate or plausible excuse for her failure to follow J.F.’s instructions to attend
      the meetings on February 28, and March 6, 2012.
      The administrative judge correctly found that the appellant failed to prove her
      affirmative defenses.
            Disability discrimination
¶16         On review, the appellant reiterates her disability discrimination claim. See
      PFR File, Tab 1 at 14-18.       As a federal employee, the appellant’s disability
      discrimination claim arises under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Simpson v. U.S.
      Postal Service, 113 M.S.P.R. 346, ¶ 8 (2010). However, the Equal Employment
      Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regulations implementing the Americans with
      Disabilities Act (ADA), as amended by the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA),
      have been incorporated by reference into the Rehabilitation Act, and the Board
      applies them to determine whether there has been a Rehabilitation Act violation.
      Thome v. Department of Homeland Security, 122 M.S.P.R. 315, ¶ 22 (2015);
      29 C.F.R. § 1614.203(b). Those regulations are found at 29 C.F.R. Part 1630. 3

      3
        The ADAAA, which expanded the definition of disability, became effective on
      January 1, 2009. Sanders v. Social Security Administration, 114 M.S.P.R. 487, ¶ 17
      (2010) (citing Pub. L. No. 110-325, 122 Stat. 3553 (2008), codified at 42 U.S.C.
      § 12101 et seq.). As noted above, the appellant was removed from her position on
                                                                                         9

¶17         To prove disability discrimination, the appellant first must establish that she
      is an individual with a disability as that term is defined in the ADAAA and the
      EEOC regulations. Thome, 122 M.S.P.R. 315, ¶ 24 (citing Doe v. Pension Benefit
      Guaranty Corporation, 117 M.S.P.R. 579, ¶ 38 (2012)). The appellant may prove
      that she has a disability by showing that she:       (1) has a physical or mental
      impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; (2) has a
      record of such impairment; or (3) is regarded as having such an impairment.
      42 U.S.C. § 12102(1); 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(g)(1). An impairment is considered to
      be a disability if it substantially limits an individual’s ability to perform a major
      life activity as compared to most people in the general population. 29 C.F.R.
      § 1630.2(j)(1)(ii). Major life activities include, but are not limited to, caring for
      oneself, performing manual tasks, eating, lifting, bending, concentrating,
      communicating, and working; major life activities also include the operation of
      major bodily functions. 42 U.S.C. § 10012(2).
¶18         The administrative judge found that the appellant failed to meet her burden
      of even articulating, let alone proving, a prima facie case of discrimination on the
      basis of disability. ID at 10. In support of this finding, the administrative judge
      noted that the appellant identified “pregnancy” or “high-risk pregnancy” as her
      disability, id. (citing IAF, Tab 1); however, she gave birth in July 2011, and thus
      was not pregnant at or even close to the time of any of the events at issue in this
      appeal. ID at 11 (citing IAF, Tab 1, Tab 6 at 279; Hearing CD). Therefore, as
      the administrative judge properly found, the appellant cannot show that her
      removal was based on her alleged disability. Id.
¶19         The administrative judge further stated that pregnancy is not considered a
      disability under the ADAAA, and that any associated disabling conditions the
      appellant may have experienced during her pregnancy were by definition
      “transitory and minor” and thus also would not constitute disabilities under the

      April 16, 2012. See IAF, Tab 6 at 4. Thus, the ADAAA and the amended regulations
      implementing the ADAAA apply in this case. See Simpson, 113 M.S.P.R. 346, ¶ 10.
                                                                                           10

      Act.      Id. (citing 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(h) and 42 U.S.C. § 12102(3)(B)).          The
      administrative judge found that, in any event, the appellant produced no evidence
      showing that she was disabled by any condition, whether associated with her
      pregnancy or not, at the time of the events at issue in this appeal. Id.
¶20          Although correctly noting that pregnancy is not considered a disability
      under the ADAAA, the administrative judge erred in stating that any disabling
      conditions associated with the appellant’s pregnancy would not constitute
      disabilities under the Act. The Board recently recognized that pregnancy-related
      impairments       may constitute   disabilities   under   the   ADA.       See   Thome,
      122 M.S.P.R. 315, ¶ 25. This error provides no basis for disturbing the initial
      decision, however. The administrative judge correctly found that the appellant
      produced no evidence showing that she was disabled by any condition, whether
      associated with her pregnancy or not, during the dispositive events at issue in this
      appeal.     ID at 11.   Although the appellant contends on review that she was
      disabled during the relevant time period because “some of [the] medical
      impairments resulting from [her] high-risk pregnancy persisted for months after
      giving birth,” PFR File, Tab 1 at 14, she failed to show that her alleged
      pregnancy-related impairments substantially limited her ability to work or
      perform any other major life activity, 4 see Haack v. U.S. Postal Service,
      68 M.S.P.R. 275, 282 (1995) (the mere fact that an employee has a medical
      impairment, even one of long duration, does not mean that she is an individual
      with a disability if she fails to show that her impairment interferes with a major
      life activity).

      4
         The appellant’s contention regarding the duration of her pregnancy-related
      impairments is inconsistent with a June 22, 2012 affidavit she submitted in connection
      with her January 2012 EEO complaint, wherein she acknowledged that, once her child
      was born, she no longer suffered from the pregnancy-related medical conditions she
      identified in support of her disability discrimination claim, with the exception of
      hypertension. See IAF, Tab 5 at 90.
                                                                                        11

¶21         We also find unpersuasive the appellant’s argument that she can establish a
      prima facie case of disability discrimination because the agency regarded her as
      having a disability. PFR File, Tab 1 at 14. The sole argument she advances in
      support of this claim is that, in a June 20, 2012 affidavit, J.F. confirmed that she
      regarded the appellant as having a disability during her high-risk pregnancy. Id.
      at 15 (citing IAF, Tab 5 at 120). Significantly, however, the appellant does not
      allege, let alone show, that the agency regarded her as being disabled at the time
      of the events at issue in this appeal. Accordingly, we conclude that she has not
      established that she is a person with a disability and that her disability
      discrimination claim therefore fails.
            Whistleblower reprisal
¶22         In an adverse action appeal such as this, an appellant’s whistleblower
      reprisal claim is treated as an affirmative defense. Shannon v. Department of
      Veterans Affairs, 121 M.S.P.R. 221, ¶ 21 (2014).       Once the agency proves its
      adverse action case, the appellant must show by preponderant evidence that she
      made a disclosure protected under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) and that the disclosure
      was a contributing factor in the agency’s personnel action.              Shibuya v.
      Department of Agriculture, 119 M.S.P.R. 537, ¶ 19 (2013).              A protected
      disclosure is a disclosure of information that the appellant reasonably believes
      evidences any violation of any law, rule, or regulation, gross mismanagement, a
      gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to
      public health or safety. 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8)(A); Shannon, 121 M.S.P.R. 221,
      ¶ 22. The test for determining if an employee’s belief concerning such a matter is
      reasonable is this: “could a disinterested observer with knowledge of the essential
      facts known to and readily ascertainable by the employee reasonably conclude
      that the actions of the government evidence [the wrongdoing in question]?”
      Lachance v. White, 174 F.3d 1378, 1381 (Fed. Cir. 1999).
¶23         Here, the administrative judge stated that “the appellant refused to articulate
      even the rudimentary basics of such a claim during the discovery process and as a
                                                                                         12

      result was sanctioned by not being allowed to produce any evidence or argument
      in support of this claim.” ID at 10-11 (citing IAF, Tabs 12, 14, 19; RAF, Tabs 3,
      11, 12). The administrative judge found that the appellant thus did not prove this
      affirmative defense. ID at 11.
¶24        The appellant challenges this finding on review, asserting that the record
      contains information regarding her protected disclosures and formal complaints,
      their contents, and when and to whom they were made. PFR File, Tab 1 at 19.
      She alleges that, in finding that she did not prove this affirmative defense, the
      administrative judge “erroneously failed to consider any of the information . . . in
      the more than 4000 page record.” Id.
¶25        We disagree with the appellant’s suggestion that the administrative judge
      was remiss in her review of the record. The appellant has the burden of proving
      an affirmative defense by the preponderance of the evidence.            See 5 C.F.R.
      § 1201.56(a)(2)(iii). A party “whose submissions lack clarity risks being found
      to have failed to meet his burden of proof.” Luecht v. Department of the Navy,
      87 M.S.P.R. 297, ¶ 8 (2000). Contrary to the appellant’s apparent contention, “it
      is not the Board’s obligation to ‘pore through the record’ . . . or to construe and
      make sense of allegations that set forth at various parts of an extremely
      voluminous case file.” Keefer v. Department of Agriculture, 92 M.S.P.R. 476,
      ¶ 18 n.2 (2002).    Rather, it is up to litigants to present their allegations and
      evidence in an organized way. 5
¶26        In support of her apparent argument on review that the information in the
      record is sufficient to establish her whistleblower retaliation claim, the appellant
      cites the following: “AG-1, Tab 18 at 166-117, 126, 132-135, 138-139, 140-134,
      149-151; AF-1, Tab 4 at 189-210; AF-1, Tab 6 at 121-129.”          PFR File, Tab 1

      5
        In addition, although we provide some latitude for appellants who appear pro se, the
      appellant here is an attorney.
                                                                                              13

      at 19. 6 In considering the appellant’s apparent contention that the information in
      the record is sufficient to establish her whistleblower reprisal claim, we have
      reviewed the documents that we believe that she apparently intended to cite.
¶27         Based on our review of this evidence, we find that it is insufficient to
      establish the appellant’s prima facie allegation of whistleblower reprisal.            We
      find, with the exception of the appellant’s claim that agency officials abused their
      authority by refusing to return her private banking information, which we discuss
      immediately below, that her purported disclosures are vague, conclusory, and
      unsupported, and therefore do not rise to the level of protected disclosures. See,
      e.g., McCorcle v. Department of Agriculture, 98 M.S.P.R. 363, ¶ 24 (2005)
      (vague allegations of wrongdoing, lacking in specific detail and consisting in part
      of only the appellant’s personal complaints and grievances, did not rise to the
      level of protected disclosures).
¶28         We also have considered whether the appellant made a protected disclosure
      by alleging in emails to agency officials that OHA managers had illegally
      obtained her personal banking information and refused to return it to her, thereby
      abusing their authority.      See IAF, Tab 18 at 116-17, 132-35.            An abuse of
      authority occurs when there is an arbitrary or capricious exercise of power by a
      federal official or employee that adversely affects the rights of any person or
      results in personal gain or advantage to himself or preferred other persons. Stiles
      v. Department of Homeland Security, 116 M.S.P.R. 263, ¶ 17 (2011).
¶29         The record shows that: the information in question consisted of a printout
      from a bank website, which did not contain any personally identifiable
      information; OHA managers came into possession of the printout because the

      6
        We found it difficult to review the appellant’s assertions in this regard, given that her
      list of citations contains some apparent typographical errors. Specifically, the appellant
      cites AG-1 instead of AF-1, Tab 18 at 166-117 and 140-134 instead of Tab 18 at 116-17
      and 140-44. Id. The appellant’s citation to AF-1, Tab 4 at 189-210 also is incorrect, as
      IAF, Tab 4 contains only 3 pages. We are unable to ascertain which portion of that part
      of the record she intended to cite.
                                                                                        14

      appellant inadvertently left it in a work file that she submitted to J.F.; and the
      printout was returned to the appellant shortly after she requested its return. See
      IAF, Tab 18 at 117. In light of these facts, we find that a disinterested observer
      with knowledge of the essential facts known to the appellant could not reasonably
      conclude that the agency’s actions vis-à-vis her banking information evidenced an
      abuse of authority or any other kind of wrongdoing. Accordingly, we find that
      the appellant’s disclosure regarding the agency’s possession of her banking
      information was not protected.
¶30         We further find unpersuasive the appellant’s contention on review that she
      was “constructively denied the opportunity” to establish a prima facie case of
      whistleblower reprisal because of the following alleged actions of the agency:
      presentation of falsified testimony that is still in the record; 7 obstruction of the
      discovery process by allowing certain “named officials” 8 to answer discovery
      questions specifically designated for personnel in the agency’s Office of the Chief
      Human Capital Officer and Office of the Secretary, see RAF, Tab 4 at 125-26;
      inability to timely, completely, and appropriately reciprocate discovery; and
      failure to read the information in the record. PFR File, Tab 1 at 20.
¶31         It is unclear, and the appellant does not explain, how the agency’s alleged
      presentation of falsified testimony or failure to read the information in the record
      prevented her from establishing a prima facie case of whistleblower retaliation.
      We also find unavailing her claim on review that the agency acted improperly by
      allowing certain “named officials,” instead of personnel in the Office of the Chief
      Human Capital Officer and Office of the Secretary, to answer interrogatories.

      7
        She indicates that she is referring to statements that OHA employees provided the
      Office of Personnel Management during its 2011 and 2012 investigations involving her
      security clearance. See PFR File, Tab 1 at 20 n.8 (citing RAF, Tab 6 at 59-78).
      8
        The appellant does not explain what she means by “named officials.” PFR File, Tab 1
      at 9. Based upon our review of the record, it appears that she is referring to the
      following individuals: the proposing and deciding officials; her former first-line
      supervisor, and OHA’s Director. See RAF, Tab 4 at 116.
                                                                                      15

      PFR File, Tab 1 at 20. We know of no authority, nor does the appellant cite any,
      which would allow her to require that a particular agency office provide answers
      to her discovery requests. In any event, if the appellant believed that the answers
      the agency provided were inadequate, or that the agency withheld information or
      otherwise failed to cooperate in the discovery process, she could have filed a
      motion to compel discovery. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.73(e). Because she did not do
      so, she has failed to preserve the issue for the Board’s review. See Szejner v.
      Office of Personnel Management, 99 M.S.P.R. 275, ¶ 5 (2005), aff’d, 167 F.
      App’x 217 (Fed. Cir. 2006).
¶32        The appellant argues, moreover, that she should have been allowed to
      “present witnesses, discuss and prove a prima facie case of whistleblowing
      [reprisal] . . . .” PFR File, Tab 1 at 20. As discussed below, the appellant was
      not allowed to present any evidence or argument in support of her whistleblower
      reprisal claim as a sanction for repeatedly failing to comply with the
      administrative judge’s orders to provide complete answers to the agency’s
      discovery requests relevant to that affirmative defense. See RAF, Tab 12; see
      also ID at 10-11. We therefore have construed this argument as a claim that this
      sanction was improper.
¶33        Pursuant to 5 C.F.R. § 1201.43, an administrative judge may impose
      sanctions upon a party as necessary to serve the ends of justice.         Smets v.
      Department of the Navy, 117 M.S.P.R. 164, ¶ 11 (2011), aff’d, 498 F. App’x 1
      (Fed. Cir. 2012). When a party fails to comply with an order, the administrative
      judge may “[p]rohibit the party failing to comply with the order from introducing
      evidence concerning the information sought, or from otherwise relying upon
      testimony related to that information.”    5 C.F.R. § 1201.43(a)(2).   The Board
      ordinarily will not disturb an administrative judge’s determination to impose a
      sanction unless it is shown that she abused her discretion or that her erroneous
      ruling adversely affected a party’s substantive rights. Simon v. Department of
      Commerce, 111 M.S.P.R. 381, ¶ 11 (2009).
                                                                                         16

¶34         Based on our review of the record, we find that the appellant was not
      diligent in complying with the administrative judge’s orders regarding the
      agency’s many discovery requests and motions to compel pertaining to her
      whistleblower reprisal claim, despite multiple warnings from the administrative
      judge that her continued noncompliance could result in sanctions, up to and
      including prohibiting her from introducing evidence or testimony concerning her
      whistleblowing affirmative defense.       See Cioce v. Department of the Army,
      69 M.S.P.R. 564, 566 (1996); see also 5 C.F.R. § 1201.43; IAF, Tab 14 at 1-2,
      Tab 19; RAF, Tabs 3, 7, 11-12.       Given these circumstances, we find that the
      administrative judge did not abuse her discretion by preventing the appellant from
      introducing certain evidence or argument regarding her whistleblower reprisal
      claim. 9
            Race and sex discrimination
¶35         An employee may establish a prima facie case of prohibited discrimination
      by introducing preponderant evidence to show that she is a member of a protected
      group, she was similarly situated to an individual who was not a member of the
      protected group, and she was treated more harshly than the individual who was
      not a member of her protected group.           Hidalgo v. Department of Justice,
      93 M.S.P.R. 645, ¶ 9 (2003). The Board has held that, for another employee to be
      deemed similarly situated for purposes of an affirmative defense of discrimination
      based on disparate treatment, all relevant aspects of the appellant’s employment
      situation must be “nearly identical” to that of the comparator employee. Ly v.
      Department of the Treasury, 118 M.S.P.R. 481, ¶ 10 (2012).              Thus, to be
      similarly situated, a comparator must have reported to the same supervisor, been
      subjected to the same standards governing discipline, and engaged in conduct
      similar to the appellant’s without differentiating or mitigating circumstances. Id.

      9
       The administrative judge also denied the appellant’s cross-motion for sanctions. RAF,
      Tab 7 at 1. The appellant has not challenged this ruling on review, and we do not
      address it further.
                                                                                       17

¶36            On appeal the appellant asserted that the agency discriminated against her
      based on her race (African-American) and sex. IAF, Tab 1 at 10, Tab 16 at 8.
      She also alleged that she was treated more harshly than S.F., a Caucasian male.
      IAF, Tab 19 at 18. In his hearing testimony, S.F. stated that he became angry
      during a staff meeting in 2009 and left the meeting, slammed the door, and
      possibly cursed as he left. ID at 11. He further testified that his supervisor, who
      was not J.F., gave him a letter noting the unacceptability of his behavior. Id.
      (citing Hearing CD). S.F. denied ever refusing a work assignment. Id. (citing
      Hearing CD).
¶37            The administrative judge found that the appellant did not show that a
      similarly situated employee not in her protected groups was treated more
      favorably than she was in comparable circumstances. ID at 12. In particular, she
      found that the appellant failed to show that S.F.’s admitted misconduct in 2009
      was “remotely similar” to the conduct with which she was charged, or that S.F.
      had a lengthy history of inappropriate conduct, as did she. Id. The administrative
      judge further found that the appellant produced no evidence other than her own
      beliefs and unsupported allegations to show that her removal was in fact based on
      her race or sex rather than her repeated serious misconduct.              Id.   The
      administrative judge therefore found that the appellant did not meet her burden of
      proving her claims of race and sex discrimination. Id.
¶38            The appellant challenges this finding on review, asserting that her alleged
      misconduct was “far less egregious” than S.F’s misconduct.         PFR File, Tab 1
      at 22.     She alleges that S.F. “repeatedly and openly displayed a pattern of
      disrespectful conduct” that included various actions of which she was never
      accused, such as slamming doors, abruptly leaving staff meetings, leaving work
      an hour early each day, cursing, and refusing to complete an assignment given to
      him by his supervisor. Id. (citing RAF, Tab 17 at 36, 49; Hearing CD).
¶39            We find the appellant’s argument unpersuasive. The appellant does not cite
      any evidence to support her assertions of S.F.’s alleged “pattern of disrespectful
                                                                                        18

      conduct,” 10 and S.F. convincingly testified at the hearing that he did not refuse to
      accept an assignment or fail to follow his supervisor’s instructions. RAF, Tab 25.
      Also, as indicated above, J.F. was not S.F.’s supervisor at the time of his
      misconduct. Thus, we find that the appellant failed to show that she and S.F.
      engaged in similar misconduct or reported to the same supervisor. Therefore, we
      discern no reason to disturb the administrative judge’s finding on this affirmative
      defense.
            EEO retaliation
¶40         To meet her ultimate burden of proof on retaliation for EEO activity, the
      appellant must establish not only that she engaged in protected activity and that
      the accused official was aware of that activity, but also that there is a “genuine
      nexus” between the alleged retaliatory motive and the adverse action. Rhee v.
      Department of the Treasury, 117 M.S.P.R. 640, ¶ 26 (2012).           To establish a
      genuine nexus, the appellant must show that the action was taken because of the
      protected activity.   Id.   This requires the Board to weigh the severity of the
      appellant’s alleged misconduct against the intensity of the agency’s motive to
      retaliate. Id.
¶41         The administrative judge found that the appellant engaged in EEO activity
      by filing an EEO complaint on January 12, 2012, 11 i.e., before the actions at issue
      in this appeal, and that the proposing and deciding officials were aware of her
      prior EEO activity.     ID at 12 (citing Hearing CD).     The administrative judge
      found, though, that the appellant did not show that any motive to retaliate against
      her outweighed the abundant evidence of misconduct for which she was removed.
      ID at 13. Therefore, the administrative judge found, the appellant did not meet

      10
        The documentary evidence that the appellant cites in support of her claim that S.F.
      engaged in a pattern of misconduct—RAF, Tab 17 at 36, 49—does not pertain to S.F.
      11
        The final agency decision states that the appellant filed a formal EEO complaint on
      January 18, 2012. See IAF, Tab 1 at 9.
                                                                                        19

      her burden of proving that her removal was in retaliation for her protected EEO
      activity. Id.
¶42         On review, the appellant asserts that, in finding that she failed to prove her
      claim of retaliation for protected activity, the administrative judge did not
      mention any of her complaints besides her January 2012 EEO complaint. See
      PFR File, Tab 1 at 21-23. She also asserts that the administrative judge supported
      her finding that the appellant failed to prove her retaliation claim by stating, “The
      record is replete with evidence of the appellant’s constant disrespectful,
      contumacious behavior towards [J.F.] and her other supervisors . . . .” but failed
      to describe the appellant’s behavior or support her finding with a citation to the
      record. Id. at 23 (citing ID at 5). The appellant further contends that she was
      unable to prove that the agency had a motive to retaliate against her because the
      administrative judge “excluded all of [her] witnesses and dismissed nine of [her]
      other related issues . . . .” Id. at 23.
¶43         These arguments are unpersuasive.        Although the administrative judge
      mentioned only the appellant’s January 2012 EEO complaint in addressing her
      claim of retaliation, ID at 12, we find this omission inconsequential.         Next,
      contrary to the appellant’s assertion, the administrative judge did not make the
      statement regarding the appellant’s disrespectful conduct towards her supervisors
      in support of her finding that the appellant failed to prove her retaliation claim.
      Rather, the administrative judge made this statement in support of her finding that
      the appellant’s version of the events pertaining to the inappropriate conduct
      charge was not at all credible. See ID at 5. Further, as discussed below, the
      administrative judge did not abuse her discretion in denying the appellant’s
      request for witnesses.
¶44         Regarding the appellant’s contention that she was unable to prove this
      affirmative defense because the administrative judge “dismissed nine of [her]
      other related issues,” the appellant is apparently referring to the nine actions that
      she raised in her January 2012 EEO complaint, as amended, in addition to her
                                                                                            20

      removal. 12 IAF, Tab 1 at 9-10. The appellant seems to contend that she should
      have been allowed to argue the merits of these actions because they are
      “inextricably intertwined” with her removal and her whistleblowing activities.
      PFR File, Tab 1 at 12, 23; see RAF, Tab 21 at 7.
¶45         The Board’s jurisdiction is limited to those matters over which it has been
      given jurisdiction by law, rule or regulation. Maddox v. Merit Systems Protection
      Board, 759 F.2d 9, 10 (Fed. Cir. 1985). With the exception of the removal, none
      of the actions raised in the appellant’s January 2012 EEO complaint, as amended,
      are within the Board’s jurisdiction. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.3(a)(1)-(11). The Board
      has previously held that nonappealable actions, even when intertwined with
      otherwise appealable actions, may be excluded from a hearing because they fall
      outside the Board’s jurisdiction.     See, e.g., Wilson v. Department of Veterans
      Affairs, 102 M.S.P.R. 70, ¶ 8 (2006) (excluding all issues other than an
      appealable 30-day suspension and the appellant’s affirmative defenses related
      solely thereto); Lethridge v. U.S. Postal Service, 99 M.S.P.R. 675, ¶ 9 (2005)
      (nothing suggests that the Board has jurisdiction over nonappealable actions even
      when they are allegedly “inextricably intertwined” with appealable actions).
      Thus, the scope of this adverse action appeal is limited to the appellant’s removal
      and the affirmative defenses she raised in connection with her removal.
      The administrative judge correctly found that the removal penalty is reasonable.
¶46         Where, as here, all of the agency’s charges are sustained, the Board will
      review the agency-imposed penalty only to determine if the agency considered all
      the relevant factors and exercised management discretion within the tolerable
      limits of reasonableness. Ellis v. Department of Defense, 114 M.S.P.R. 407, ¶ 11

      12
         During the proceedings below, the administrative judge who originally presided over
      this appeal informed the appellant that, other than her removal, all of the actions cited
      in her EEO complaint were outside of the Board’s jurisdiction. See IAF, Tab 16 at 7;
      see also RAF, Tab 21 at 5-7. The appellant then narrowed the scope of her appeal to
      include only her removal and the affirmative defenses that she raised in connection with
      her removal. See IAF, Tab 16 at 8; see also RAF, Tab 21 at 6.
                                                                                     21

      (2010); Douglas v. Veterans Administration, 5 M.S.P.R. 280, 305-06 (1981). The
      Board will modify or mitigate an agency-imposed penalty only where it finds the
      agency failed to weigh the relevant factors or the penalty clearly exceeds the
      bounds of reasonableness. Ellis, 114 M.S.P.R. 407, ¶ 11; Douglas, 5 M.S.P.R.
      at 306.
¶47         The decision notice and the hearing testimony of the deciding official, as
      summarized in the initial decision, show that he appropriately considered the
      relevant Douglas factors in deciding to remove the appellant. See IAF, Tab 6
      at 6-7; see also ID at 8-9.      The administrative judge found no basis for
      disagreement with the deciding official’s conclusions about the necessity of the
      appellant’s removal. ID at 9-10. She therefore found the agency proved that
      removal was reasonable in these circumstances. ID at 10.
¶48         The appellant argues on review that the agency improperly failed to
      consider the following circumstances as mitigating factors in determining the
      penalty: her request that a third party be present during employment discussions
      with agency managers; the agency’s Human Capital policy, practice, and
      procedure; her history with the “named officials;” her protected activity,
      complaints, and disclosures; and OHA’s practices regarding the issuance of
      disciplinary actions and counseling memoranda. PFR File, Tab 1 at 9.
¶49         Regarding the first circumstance set forth above, we find unpersuasive the
      appellant’s apparent argument that the agency should have considered as a
      mitigating factor her excuse for failing to comply with J.F.’s instructions to
      attend the PIP meetings, i.e., her purported concern that attending those meetings
      without a third party present would jeopardize her health, safety, and welfare. An
      agency is obligated to make reasonable inquiries into exonerating facts brought to
      its attention by an appellant before removing her. Uske v. U.S. Postal Service,
      60 M.S.P.R. 544, 550 (1994), aff’d, 56 F.3d 1375 (Fed. Cir. 1995). In this case,
      however, the appellant chose not to respond to the notice of proposed removal. If
      she believed that there were exonerating circumstances for her misconduct, then it
                                                                                      22

      was incumbent on her to so inform the deciding official. Having failed to do so,
      she cannot fault the agency for not considering her purported justification for her
      misconduct as a mitigating factor in its penalty determination.
¶50         Moreover, as discussed above, this excuse for her misconduct was not
      legitimate. In fact, the appellant’s rationalization for her misconduct arguably
      might constitute an aggravating factor.     See Neuman v. U.S. Postal Service,
      108 M.S.P.R. 200, ¶ 26 (2008) (an appellant’s rationalizations for his behavior
      and lack of remorse for his misconduct reflect a lack of rehabilitative potential
      and may properly be considered as aggravating factors).
¶51         As for the other circumstances cited as mitigating factors, the appellant
      does not explain what she means by her “workplace history with the named
      officials” or why that history constitutes a mitigating factor. PFR File, Tab 1
      at 9. Similarly, she does not explain what she means by the agency’s Human
      Capital policy, practice, or procedure, or “[OHA’s] practices with regard to the
      issuance of disciplinary actions or counseling memoranda,” let alone why the
      agency should have considered those practices and procedures as mitigating
      factors.   Id.   Also, we know of no authority, and the appellant cites none, to
      support her apparent assertion that the agency should consider her prior protected
      complaints and whistleblowing activity as mitigating factors in determining her
      penalty for misconduct.       Id.   Thus, we find no basis for disturbing the
      administrative judge’s finding concerning the reasonableness of the penalty.
¶52         The appellant also argues on review that the administrative judge committed
      harmful procedural error by considering her prior discipline in assessing the
      reasonableness of the penalty without allowing her to argue the merits of her
      previous suspensions. PFR File, Tab 1 at 5, 12. The established review process
      for considering an employee’s past discipline is set forth in Bolling v. Department
      of the Air Force, 9 M.S.P.R. 335 (1981). There, the Board held that its review of
      a prior disciplinary action in the context of a penalty determination is limited to
      determining whether the action is clearly erroneous, provided that:         (1) the
                                                                                        23

      employee was informed of the action in writing; (2) the action is a matter of
      record; and (3) the employee was permitted to dispute the charges before a higher
      level of authority than the one that imposed the discipline. Id. at 339-40. When
      those criteria have been met, “[a] challenged prior action will be discounted only
      if it is ‘clearly erroneous’ in the sense that it leaves the Board with the ‘definite
      and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.’” Id. at 340.
¶53         The prior disciplinary actions relied on by the agency in deciding to remove
      the appellant meet the Bolling criteria. For each suspension, the appellant was
      informed of the action in writing, the action was a matter of record, and she was
      given the opportunity to grieve the action to an official of a higher level of
      authority than the one who proposed the action. See IAF, Tab 5 at 240-43, Tab 7
      at 83-85, 114-15. Accordingly, the Board’s review of those actions is limited to
      whether they were clearly erroneous.
¶54         We note that, in assessing the reasonableness of the penalty, the
      administrative judge did not review the appellant’s prior disciplinary actions upon
      which the agency relied to determine whether they were clearly erroneous. See
      ID at 8-10. Because the appellant challenged the validity of these actions in her
      appeal, the administrative judge should have done so. See Morgan v. Department
      of Defense, 63 M.S.P.R. 58, 61 (1994) (applying the clearly erroneous standard
      where the appellant challenged the validity of a prior disciplinary action that the
      agency considered in assessing the penalty).       However, we have reviewed the
      record evidence regarding the appellant’s three prior suspensions, and we are not
      left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.
      Accordingly, the administrative judge’s failure to consider this issue was not
      harmful to the appellant. See Panter v. Department of the Air Force, 22 M.S.P.R.
      281, 282 (1984) (an adjudicatory error that is not prejudicial to a party’s
      substantive rights provides no basis for reversal of an initial decision).
¶55         The appellant also argues on review that the deciding official was biased
      against her because he “sided with” J.F. and the appellant’s former supervisor on
                                                                                        24

      every issue in her prior suspensions. PFR File, Tab 1 at 13-14. An appellant’s
      due process rights are violated when his basic rights are determined by a biased
      decision-maker or by a decision-maker in a situation structured in a manner such
      that the “risk of unfairness is intolerably high.”     Martinez v. Department of
      Veterans Affairs, 119 M.S.P.R. 37, ¶ 10 (2012) (citing Svejda v. Department of
      the Interior, 7 M.S.P.R. 108, 111 (1981)). The burden is on the appellant to
      establish actual bias or an intolerable risk of unfairness. Id. The appellant’s
      arguments are insufficient to establish bias, even if the deciding official’s role in
      the appellant’s suspensions somehow led him to be predisposed against her. See
      Svejda, 7 M.S.P.R. at 111 (finding no general proscription of the appointment of a
      person as deciding official who may be familiar with the facts of the case or may
      have a predisposition against the appellant). The appellant’s allegations fail to
      establish that the deciding official’s independent judgment was compromised or
      that he did not meaningfully consider all of the evidence. Thus, we find that her
      claim that the deciding official was biased against her provides no basis for
      disturbing the initial decision.
      The administrative judge did not abuse her discretion by denying the appellant’s
      witness requests.
¶56         Throughout her petition for review, the appellant argues that the
      administrative judge improperly denied her witness requests. PFR File, Tab 1
      at 5, 11-12, 23-24; see RAF, Tab 19 at 7.       An administrative judge has wide
      discretion to control the proceedings, including the authority to exclude testimony
      she believes would be irrelevant, immaterial, or unduly repetitious.        Sanders,
      114 M.S.P.R. 487, ¶ 10.     The Board will not disturb an administrative judge’s
      decision to deny a party’s proposed witnesses unless such denial constitutes an
      abuse of discretion. Dangerfield v. U.S. Postal Service, 77 M.S.P.R. 678, 684-85
      (1998).
¶57         In her prehearing submission, the appellant requested approximately fifty
      witnesses, but failed to make any proffers as to their expected testimony. See
                                                                                          25

      IAF, Tab 17 at 10-15. During the prehearing conference, the administrative judge
      allowed the appellant to amend this omission by making verbal proffers for her
      proposed witnesses and the administrative judge approved four witnesses,
      including the appellant, based on her verbal proffers. See RAF, Tab 19 at 7. The
      administrative judge rejected the remaining witnesses, finding that the appellant
      was not able to describe with specificity how any of those witnesses had relevant
      or material testimony to offer. Id. We discern no abuse of discretion by the
      administrative judge in denying the appellant’s witness requests for that reason.
      The appellant has not established judicial bias.
¶58         The appellant also raises a claim of judicial bias on review, alleging that the
      administrative judge “made several inappropriate comments” during the
      prehearing conference, PFR File, Tab 1 at 24, and “displayed extreme antipathy”
      towards her during the hearing, id. at 25. Regarding the administrative judge’s
      comments during the prehearing conference, the appellant states that when she
      tried to explain how her proposed witnesses’ testimony was relevant to various
      issues, the administrative judge told her, “I’m only concerned with one issue:
      your removal.” Id. at 24 (citing RAF, Tab 21 at 14). The appellant also cites as
      evidence of the administrative judge’s bias her denial of the appellant’s “repeated
      requests” to allow testimony from any of the agency’s human resources
      employees. Id.
¶59         In support of her claim that the administrative judge displayed “extreme
      antipathy” towards her during the hearing, the appellant asserts that the
      administrative judge “cut [her] off” several times when she was attempting to
      clarify inconsistencies in the witnesses’ testimony, instructing her to “make [her]
      point.” Id. at 25 (citing Hearing CD). She also asserts that the administrative
      judge allowed the agency’s witnesses to “ignore” the questions that were asked or
      to state “the record speaks for itself.” Id. at 25-26 (citing Hearing CD).
¶60         In making a claim of bias or prejudice against an administrative judge, a
      party must overcome the presumption of honesty and integrity that accompanies
                                                                                          26

      administrative adjudicators. Oliver v. Department of Transportation, 1 M.S.P.R.
      382, 386 (1980). We find that the appellant’s claims of bias fail to overcome the
      presumption of honesty and integrity afforded an administrative judge. Bieber v.
      Department of the Army, 287 F.3d 1358, 1362-63 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (quoting Liteky
      v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555 (1994)) (an administrative judge’s conduct
      during the course of a Board proceeding evidences bias warranting a new
      adjudication only if the administrative judge’s comments or actions evidence “a
      deep-seated   favoritism    or   antagonism    that    would   make   fair   judgment
      impossible”). Even assuming that the statements attributed to the administrative
      judge (at the prehearing conference and during the hearing) by the appellant were
      true, they do not constitute evidence of “a deep-seated favoritism or antagonism
      that would make fair judgment impossible.”           See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.41(b)(6) (an
      administrative judge has the authority to “regulate the course of [a] hearing”). In
      addition, as previously discussed, the administrative judge did not abuse her
      discretion in denying the appellant’s witness requests.            In any event, an
      administrative judge’s case-related rulings, even if erroneous, are insufficient to
      establish bias. See, e.g., Argabright v. Department of Defense, 113 M.S.P.R. 152,
      ¶ 10 (2010); Coufal v. Department of Justice, 98 M.S.P.R. 31, ¶ 11 (2004). Thus,
      we find insufficient evidence to overcome the presumption of honesty and
      integrity that the administrative judge enjoys. 13
      The documents submitted by the appellant on review are either not new or not
      material.
¶61         The appellant submits several documents on review, see PFR File, Tab 6
      at 20-33, Tabs 7-8, some of which are already part of the record and thus are not

      13
        We likewise find that the administrative judge properly denied the appellant’s motion
      to recuse and motion to certify for interlocutory appeal her denial of the appellant’s
      recusal motion, based on many of the same allegations of bias that she makes on
      review. In any event, the question of whether the administrative judge should have
      certified the recusal issue for interlocutory review is moot because the administrative
      judge has adjudicated this appeal and the appellant has filed a petition for review.
                                                                                  27

new. Compare PFR File, Tab 6 at 30-33, with RAF, Tab 4 at 211-14 and PFR
File, Tab 7 at 5-12, with RAF, Tab 3 at 70-77; see Meier v. Department of the
Interior, 3 M.S.P.R. 247, 256 (1980) (evidence that is already part of the record
is not new). Other documents submitted on review predate the close of the record
and the appellant has not shown that these documents, or the information
contained therein, were unavailable before the record closed despite her due
diligence. See PFR File, Tab 6 at 20, 22-28, Tab 8. Therefore, we have not
considered them.     See Avansino v. U.S. Postal Service, 3 M.S.P.R. 211, 214
(1980). Although the July 9, 2014 EEOC decision that the appellant submits on
review is new evidence in that it post-dates the close of the record below, see
PFR File, Tab 7 at 15-20, that decision is not material to the outcome of this
appeal because it does not show that any of the administrative judge’s findings
are erroneous or that a different outcome is warranted, see Russo v. Veterans
Administration, 3 M.S.P.R. 345, 349 (1980). Therefore, it provides no basis to
disturb the initial decision.

                 NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                   YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS 14
      The initial decision, as supplemented by this Final Order, constitutes the
Board’s final decision in this matter. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113. There are several
options for further review set forth in the paragraphs below. You may choose
only one of these options, and once you elect to pursue one of the avenues of
review set forth below, you may be precluded from pursuing any other avenue of
review.

14
  The initial decision did not afford the appellant notice of appeal rights under the
Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012. We have provided notice of such
appeal rights herein.
                                                                                   28

Discrimination Claims: Administrative Review
      You may request review of this final decision on your discrimination
claims by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). See Title 5
of the United States Code, section 7702(b)(1) (5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1)). If you
submit your request by regular U.S. mail, the address of the EEOC is:

                           Office of Federal Operations
                    Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 P.O. Box 77960
                            Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit your request via commercial delivery or by a method
requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                           Office of Federal Operations
                    Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                131 M Street, NE
                                  Suite 5SW12G
                            Washington, D.C. 20507

      You should send your request to EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after
your receipt of this order. If you have a representative in this case, and your
representative receives this order before you do, then you must file with EEOC no
later than 30 calendar days after receipt by your representative. If you choose to
file, be very careful to file on time.

Discrimination and Other Claims: Judicial Action
      If you do not request EEOC to review this final decision on your
discrimination claims, you may file a civil action against the agency on both your
discrimination claims and your other claims in an appropriate United States
district court. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2). You must file your civil action with
the district court no later than 30 calendar days after your receipt of this order. If
you have a representative in this case, and your representative receives this order
before you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar
                                                                                 29

days after receipt by your representative. If you choose to file, be very careful to
file on time. If the action involves a claim of discrimination based on race, color,
religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling condition, you may be entitled to
representation by a court-appointed lawyer and to waiver of any requirement of
prepayment of fees, costs, or other security.          42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f) and
29 U.S.C. § 794a.

Other Claims: Judicial Review
         If you want to request review of the Board’s decision concerning your
claims of prohibited personnel practices described in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8),
(b)(9)(A)(i), (b)(9)(B), (b)(9)(C), or (b)(9)(D), but you do not want to challenge
the Board’s disposition of any other claims of prohibited personnel practices, you
may request the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any
court of appeals of competent jurisdiction to review this final decision. The court
of appeals must receive your petition for review within 60 days after the date of
this order. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(B) (as rev. eff. Dec. 27, 2012). If you
choose to file, be very careful to file on time.
         If you need further information about your right to appeal this decision to
court, you should refer to the federal law that gives you this right. It is found in
Title 5 of the United States Code, section 7703 (5 U.S.C. § 7703) (as rev. eff.
Dec. 27, 2012). You may read this law as well as other sections of the United
States     Code,    at   our   website,   http://www.mspb.gov/appeals/uscode/htm.
Additional information about the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court's website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court's "Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants," which is
contained within the court's Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, and 11.
Additional information about other courts of appeals can be found at their
respective         websites,     which       can      be      accessed      through
http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
                                                                                 30

      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for your appeal to
the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Merit Systems Protection Board neither endorses the services provided by any
attorney nor warrants that any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

FOR THE BOARD:                            ______________________________
                                          William D. Spencer
                                          Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.