Court Opinion

ID: 2924833
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-11 21:08:28.938696+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:51:58.042933
License: Public Domain

NUMBER 13-06-364-CR

                           COURT OF APPEALS

                  THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                    CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

ROBERT BERMEA,                                                            Appellant,

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,                                                         Appellee.

     On appeal from the 329th District Court of Wharton County, Texas.

                      MEMORANDUM OPINION
      Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Garza and Benavides
              Memorandum Opinion by Justice Benavides

        After a jury trial, appellant, Robert Bermea, was convicted of one count of

aggravated sexual assault of a child and two counts of indecency with a child. See TEX .

PENAL CODE ANN § 21.11(a)(1) (Vernon 2003) (indecency), § 22.021(B) (Vernon Supp.

2008) (aggravated sexual assault). The jury assessed punishment at eighty years’
confinement for the aggravated sexual assault offense and twenty years’ confinement for

each count of indecency with a child, to run concurrently. On appeal, Bermea asserts that

the trial court erred in admitting the testimony of the outcry witness. We affirm.1

                                               I. DISCUSSION

        Bermea contends that the trial court committed reversible error when it allowed the

outcry witness, Valerie Brock, to testify. Specifically, Bermea alleges that the three

complainants made outcries to other qualified persons before making outcries to Brock.

See TEX . CODE CRIM . PROC . ANN . art. 38.072 (Vernon 2005) (providing that the proper

outcry witness is the first person, over eighteen years of age, to whom the child-victim

made a statement about the offense). Bermea claims that the proper outcry witness for

two complainants, M.M. and K.S., was their mother and that the proper outcry witnesses

for K.K., the third complainant, were a Children’s Protective Services worker, a Court

Appointed Special Advocates volunteer, and the child’s mother. The State responds that

Brock was the first person, over the age of eighteen, to whom the children made outcries.

Even if the admission of Brock’s testimony was error, we conclude that the error is

harmless.

A.      Standard of Review

        An error in the admission or exclusion of evidence is subject to the harm analysis

set forth in rule 44.2(b) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. TEX . R. APP. P. 44.2(b);

Dorado v. State, 843 S.W.2d 37, 38 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992); Matz v. State, 21 S.W.3d
991, 912 (Tex. App.–Fort Worth 2000, pet. ref’d) (citing Johnson v. State, 967 S.W.2d 410,

        1
           As this is a m em orandum opinion and the parties are fam iliar with the facts, we will not recite the
facts here except as necessary to advise the parties of the Court’s decision and the basic reasons for it. T EX .
R. A PP . P. 47.4.
                                                       2
417 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998)).                  Rule 44.2(b) mandates that we disregard any non-

constitutional error unless it affects Bermea’s substantial rights. TEX . R. APP. P. 44.2(b);

see Johnson, 967 S.W.2d at 417 (discussing the erroneous admission of inadmissible

hearsay as non-constitutional error).2 A substantial right is affected when the error has a

substantial and injurious effect or influence in determining the jury’s verdict. King v. State,

953 S.W.2d 266, 271 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) (citing Kotteakos v. United States, 328 U.S.
750, 776 (1946)). If other properly admitted evidence proves the same facts, the error is

harmless. See Brooks v. State, 990 S.W.2d 278, 287 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999); Matz, 21
S.W.3d at 912. Additionally, “we should not reverse a conviction for the erroneous

admission of evidence if the appellate court, after examining the record as a whole, has

fair assurance that the error did not influence the jury, or had but a slight effect.” Cobb v.

State, 85 S.W.3d 258, 272 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (quoting Johnson, 967 S.W.2d at 417).

B.       Analysis

         During the State’s case-in-chief, Bermea’s sworn, voluntary statement was admitted

into evidence and published to the jury without objection.3 In that statement, Bermea said:

         I did wrong and I know it. I did do the things that the kids said about me

                  ....

         2
           Article 38.072 of the code of crim inal procedure requires that the com plainants be available to testify;
the record indicates that one com plainant did testify and that the other two com plainants were available but
were not called by either side. T EX . C OD E C R IM . P R O C . A N N . art. 38.072, § 2(b)(3) (Vernon 2005); see Martinez
v. State, 178 S.W .3d 806, 811 (Tex. Crim . App. 2005); see generally Crawford v. W ashington, 541 U.S. 36
(2004).

         3
           On appeal, Berm ea does not contest the voluntariness of this statem ent. Therefore, the issue is
not before us. See Swearingen v. State, 101 S.W .3d 89, 100 (Tex. Crim . App. 2003); see also Gonzalez v.
Cruz, No. 13-07-351-CV, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 5285, at *5 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi July 17, 2008, no. pet.
h.) (m em . op.) (citing Bankhead v. Maddox, 135 S.W .3d 162, 163-64 (Tex. App.–Tyler 2004, no pet.)).
                                                            3
        I remember that I kissed [K.S.]4 on her private part and I put my hands down
        the panties of [M.M.]. I probably touched the girls [K.S. and M.M.] two or
        three different times

                 ....

        Before this happened with [K.S.] and [M.M.] [sic] I also messed with [K.K.]

                 ....

        I rubbed my fingers on her [and] put my fingers in her a little way

                 ....

        I messed with [K.K.] like maybe five times

                 ....

        I am willing to suffer the consequences from this. . . .

        Even if Brock was not the proper outcry witness, Bermea’s statement proves the

same facts provided in Brock’s testimony.5 See Brooks, 990 S.W.2d at 287; Matz, 21
S.W.3d at 912. Bermea’s sworn statement, which was admitted without objection, gives

us a fair assurance that the error, if any, did not influence the jury or only had a slight

effect. See Cobb, 85 S.W.3d at 272; Jannise v. State, 789 S.W.2d 623, 626 (Tex.

App.–Beaumont 1990, pet. ref’d) (holding that any error in admitting outcry testimony was

rendered harmless because defendant’s statement admitted during trial confessed to the

majority of the acts alleged); see also Luera v. State, No. 07-98-0118-CR, 1998 WL
918883, at *2 (Tex. App.–Amarillo 1998, pet. ref’d) (not designated for publication) (citing

        4
         The record includes several different last nam es for the victim s. The initials of the victim s’ nam es
are based on the nam es used in the indictm ent.

        5
           In addition to Berm ea’s sworn statem ent, other evidence adm itted at trial tending to prove the sam e
facts includes: Berm ea’s testim ony that he kissed K.S. on her private part; Berm ea’s videotaped statem ent
containing m uch the sam e m aterial as his written statem ent; and M.M.’s testim ony that Berm ea kissed her
on her “bottom parts.”

                                                        4
Dorado, 843 S.W.2d at 38); cf. Mallory v. State, 752 S.W.2d 566, 570-571 (Tex. Crim. App.

1988) (concluding that admitting the complainant’s videotaped testimony in violation of the

Confrontation Clause was harmful error where the defendant’s sworn, written statement

denied the charge against him). We therefore hold that even if the trial court erred in

admitting Brock’s outcry testimony, such error was harmless. Accordingly, we overrule

Bermea’s sole issue on appeal.

                                           II. CONCLUSION

       We affirm the decision of the trial court.

                                                        __________________________
                                                        GINA M. BENAVIDES
                                                        Justice
Do not publish.
See TEX . R. APP. P. 47.2(b)

Memorandum Opinion delivered and
filed this the 25th day of September, 2008.

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