Court Opinion

ID: 4541896
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-06-17 07:04:40.121088+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:47:04.736864
License: Public Domain

FIRST DIVISION
                                BARNES, P. J.,
                             GOBEIL and PIPKIN, JJ.

                    NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                    physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                    days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                               https://www.gaappeals.us/rules

                    DEADLINES ARE NO LONGER TOLLED IN THIS
                    COURT. ALL FILINGS MUST BE SUBMITTED WITHIN
                    THE TIMES SET BY OUR COURT RULES.

                                                                      June 12, 2020

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A20A0599. MITCHELL & ASSOCIATES, INC. v. GLOBAL
     SYSTEMS INTEGRATION, INC.

      BARNES, Judge.

      This case arises out of a subcontractor agreement (“the Agreement”) between

Mitchell & Associates, Inc. and Global Systems Integration, Inc. (“GSI”). Mitchell

filed suit seeking payment on certain invoices due under the Agreement. GSI

counterclaimed, seeking a refund of amounts previously paid to Mitchell for

unsatisfactory work, as well as the profits GSI lost as the result of Mitchell’s failure

to perform under the Agreement as promised. Mitchell now appeals from an order of

the Cherokee County Superior Court granting it summary judgment on its breach of

contract claim and granting GSI summary judgment on its counterclaims. Mitchell

asserts that in granting judgment in favor of GSI, the trial court erred in finding that
the terms of the Agreement did not preclude GSI’s claim for lost profits; in failing to

apply the Agreement’s ten-day notice provision to GSI’s claim for a refund; and in

refusing to give a March 2017 amendment to the Agreement retroactive effect. For

reasons explained more fully below, we find no error in the trial court’s conclusion

that the Agreement did not bar GSI’s recovery of the lost profits sought in this case.

Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s grant of summary judgment to GSI on that

claim. We further find, however, that the trial court erred in awarding GSI a refund

of monies previously paid to Mitchell, because such damages were barred by GSI’s

failure to comply with the Agreement’s ten-day notice provision. We therefore

reverse that portion of the order awarding GSI a refund.

      Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine issue of material fact

and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. OCGA § 9-11-56 (c). “In

reviewing a grant or denial of summary judgment, we owe no deference to the trial

court’s ruling and we review de novo both the evidence and the trial court’s legal

conclusions.” Muscogee County Board of Tax Assessors v. Pace Indus., 307 Ga. App.
532, 532-533 (705 SE2d 678 (2011). “Similarly, the construction of a contract,

including the existence or nonexistence of any ambiguities found therein, represents

a question of law for the court, subject to a de novo standard of review on

                                          2
appeal.”(Citations omitted.) Kerwood v. Dinero Solutions, 292 Ga. App. 742, 742

(666 SE2d 40) (2008).

      The relevant facts are undisputed and show that GSI contracted with its client,

AxleTech, Inc. (“the Client”), to provide certain technical and/or computer services.

In July 2016, the parties entered the Agreement pursuant to which GSI subcontracted

with Mitchell to provide some of those services. Paragraph 6 of the Agreement

provided, in relevant part:

      6. Professional Standards and Warranties. [Mitchell] warrants and
      represents that: (i) the Services will be performed with care, skill and
      diligence in accordance with the applicable professional or industry
      standards, will be technically accurate and complete, and will be in strict
      accordance with the requirements of any applicable Work Order
      pursuant to which [Mitchell] is providing the Services; . . . and (iv) as
      GSI’s subcontractor, [Mitchell] will comply with all the obligations
      imposed upon GSI as if it stood in the shoes of GSI while performing
      the Services and shall not do anything that gives rise to a claim by GSI’s
      Client that GSI is in breach of its obligations to the Client. In the event
      of any breach of the foregoing representations and warranties, GSI shall
      have, in addition to any remedies it may have at law, (i) the right to
      withhold fees payable to the extent GSI’s Client withholds payment to
      GSI for any issue with [Mitchell’s] work; and (ii) require [Mitchell] to[,]
      at GSI’s discretion, either re-perform any Services which GSI believes,
      in its sole discretion, to be non-satisfactory, at [Mitchell’s] expense or

                                          3
      refund/credit GSI for the costs of such Services to the extent actually
      paid by GSI. GSI will inform [Mitchell] regarding these issues within
      ten (10) working days.

The Agreement further provided, in Paragraph 19, that “[n]either party shall be liable

to the other party under or in connection with this Agreement or any breach of the

same in any manner for any indirect, consequential, special or punitive damages.”

      Between December 19 and 30, 2016, the Client informed GSI of a number of

issues it had with Mitchell’s services, and it subsequently refused to pay GSI for fees

and expenses billed by Mitchell in December 2016 and early January 2017. GSI

thereafter agreed to provide the Client with a revised invoice for the relevant time

period, deleting Mitchell’s time and expenses, and it provided the Client with that

invoice on January 12, 2017. On March 2, 2017, Mitchell contacted GSI seeking

payment of overdue invoices that Mitchell submitted under the Agreement. Mitchell

then learned for the first time that the Client was unhappy with its work and was

therefore disputing the fees and expenses GSI billed for Mitchell’s December and

January services. GSI explained that it was exercising its contractual right to withhold

payment and credit the amounts currently owed against amounts previously paid to

Mitchell for the unsatisfactory work. Mitchell responded that it would suspend work

                                           4
under the Agreement until the payment issues were resolved, and requested an

amendment to Paragraph 6 that deleted GSI’s option of withholding payment or

seeking a refund from Mitchell if the Client refused to pay for Mitchell’s services.

The following day, GSI emailed Mitchell that in an act of “good faith,” GSI would

pay the outstanding invoices. GSI also agreed to Mitchell’s request to amend

Paragraph 6 of the Agreement. Thus, effective March 3, 2017, Paragraph 6 was

amended to provide that in the event Mitchell breached the provisions of that

Paragraph, GSI’s only remedy was to require Mitchell to re-perform its services, at

Mitchell’s expense. The ten-day notice provision found in Paragraph 19, however,

remained part of the Agreement.

      Mitchell continued to perform work under the Agreement until August 2017.

After the Agreement ended, GSI refused to pay Mitchell’s final invoices (totaling

$37,500), claiming it was entitled to credit that amount against the amount previously

paid Mitchell for unsatisfactory work. In doing so, GSI asserted that the parties’

March 2017 amendment of Paragraph 6 did not apply retroactively – i.e., it did not

apply to any unsatisfactory work performed prior to March 2017.

      After GSI refused to pay its final invoices, Mitchell filed the current lawsuit,

and GSI responded by filing its counterclaims. Following the close of discovery, the

                                          5
parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment. The trial court held a hearing on

those motions and subsequently entered an order granting Mitchell summary

judgment on its claim for payment of the unpaid invoices and granting GSI summary

judgment on its claims for lost profits and a refund of amounts previously paid to

Mitchell.1 Mitchell now appeals from that order.2

      1. Mitchell asserts that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in

favor of GSI on its claim for lost profits. Specifically, Mitchell argues that the lost

profits sought in this case represented indirect or consequential damages and were

therefore precluded by Paragraph 19 of the Agreement. We disagree.

      In a breach of contract action, lost profits are viewed as direct damages where

those profits “represent the benefit of the bargain (such as a general contractor suing

for the remainder of the contract price less is saved expenses).” Imaging Sys.

International v. Magnetic Resonance Plus, 227 Ga. App. 641, 644 (1) (490 SE2d 124)

(1997). Thus, “[a] party who has been injured by a breach of contract can recover

      1
       The amount awarded Mitchell was $37,500, while GSI received an award of
$9030 in lost profits and $62,402 in a refund of fees and expenses. Accordingly, the
Court entered final judgment in favor of GSI and against Mitchell in the amount of
$33,931.40.
      2
          GSI did not file a cross-appeal.

                                             6
profits that would have resulted from performance” of that contract. Comtrol, Inc. v.

H-K Corp., 134 Ga. App. 349, 352 (2) (214 SE2d 588) (1975). And here, Mitchell

does not dispute that the lost profits sought by GSI are those profits the company

would have realized on the work done by Mitchell for GSI’s client, had Mitchell

performed as warranted under the Agreement. Thus, because the profits at issue “can

be traced solely to” Mitchell’s breach of the Agreement “and are the immediate fruit

of” that contract, they constitute direct, rather than consequential, damages.

(Punctuation omitted.) Aon Risk Services of Georgia v. Commercial & Military Sys.

Co., 270 Ga. App. 510, 513 (3) (b) (607 SE2d 157) (2004). See also OCGA § 13-6-8.

Accordingly, GSI’s recovery of its lost profits was not barred by Paragraph 19, and

the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment to GSI on this claim.

      2. Mitchell further asserts that the trial court erred in granting summary

judgment to GSI on its claim for a refund of fees and expenses previously paid to

Mitchell under the Agreement. Specifically, Mitchell contends that GSI’s failure to

comply with the ten-day notice provision found in Paragraph 6 precluded GSI from

recovering on its claim for any refund it was otherwise entitled to. We agree.

      As noted above, after setting forth GSI’s remedies for any unsatisfactory work

performed by Mitchell, Paragraph 6 states that “GSI will inform [Mitchell] regarding

                                         7
these issues within ten (10) working days.”3 The Agreement does not identify

specifically when the that ten-day period begins to run – i.e., it does not identify the

specific event that triggers the notice provision. To the extent that the language of the

notice provision can be seen as ambiguous, however, “we resolve that ambiguity by

applying the statutory rules of construction to ascertain the intent of the parties.”

Willesen v. Ernest Communications, 323 Ga. App. 457, 459 (1) (746 SE2d 755)

(2013). Those rules require us to read the Agreement as a whole, construing “any

ambiguities most strongly against the party who drafted the agreement,” and giving

the contract a “reasonable construction.” (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Id. at

460 (1). See also OCGA § 13-2-2 (4), (5).

      Applying these rules, we first note that GSI drafted the agreement. And, as a

matter of logic, GSI could not provide Mitchell with any notice under Paragraph 6

until GSI learned of the Client’s dissatisfaction. Moreover, to hold that the notice

provision was not triggered until some subsequent event (such as the end of the

contract) would render the provision meaningless. Accordingly, we interpret

Paragraph 6 as meaning that the ten-day notice provision began to run at the time the

      3
          In its order, the trial court did not address this ten-day notice provision.

                                             8
Client informed GSI of its dissatisfaction with (and its refusal to pay for) the work

Mitchell performed in December 2016 and January 2017.

      The record shows that GSI was aware of the Client’s dissatisfaction with (and

its refusal to pay for) Mitchell’s work no later than January 12, 2017 – the day on

which it submitted the revised invoice to the Client. GSI, however, did not provide

Mitchell with notice of the issues until March 2, 2017, at least 49 days after GSI first

learned of the Client’s dissatisfaction. Thus, GSI failed to comply with the ten-day

notice provision and in doing so, GSI lost its contractual right to a refund of monies

previously paid for Mitchell’s unsatisfactory work. Burritt v. Media Marketing

Services, 204 Ga. App. 848, 849 (3) (420 SE2d 792) (1992). See also Forsyth County

v. Waterscape Services, 303 Ga. App. 623, 630 (2) (a) (694 SE2d 102) (2010) (“It is

well established that a party to a contract may waive a contractual provision [that

otherwise exists] for his or her benefit.”) The trial court, therefore, erred in granting

GSI summary judgment on its claim for a refund.

      3. In light of our holding in Division 2, we need not address Mitchell’s

remaining claim of error.

      For the reasons set forth above, we affirm that part of the trial court’s order

granting GSI summary judgment on its claim for lost profits but reverse that part of

                                           9
the order granting GSI summary judgment on its claim for a refund of fees and

expenses previously paid to Mitchell.

      Judgment affirmed in part; reversed in part. Gobeil and Pipkin, J. J., concur.

                                        10