Court Opinion

ID: 1074784
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:12:23.562374+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:36:32.732252
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT KNOXVILLE
                          Assigned on Briefs December 18, 2001

               KENNETH R. GRIFFIN v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

               Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Washington County
                           No. 26850     Lynn W. Brown, Judge

                                  No. E2001-01932-CCA-R3-PC
                                        February 19, 2002

Petitioner, Kenneth R. Griffin, appeals from the trial court’s summary dismissal of his petition for
post-conviction relief. Pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-206, the trial court
entered an order dismissing the petition without an evidentiary hearing. In its order, the trial court
made a finding of fact that the petition contained no verification of any facts under oath. Since the
petition was devoid of verified facts upon which the trial court could grant relief, it concluded that
a dismissal was required. On appeal, the State agrees with Petitioner that the trial court’s judgment
should be reversed. After a thorough review of the record, we reverse the judgment of the trial court
and remand this case for further proceedings.

                         Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right;
               Judgment of the Criminal Court Reversed and Remanded.

THOMAS T. WOODALL , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOSEPH M. TIPTON , and
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER , JJ., joined.

Kenneth R. Griffin, Pikeville, Tennessee, pro se.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Elizabeth B. Marney, Assistant Attorney General;
Joe C. Crumley, Jr., District Attorney General; and Victor J. Vaughn, Assistant District Attorney
General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                             OPINION

       According to the allegations in the petition, Petitioner was convicted of first degree murder
and aggravated robbery in the Criminal Court of Washington County following a jury trial on
October 1, 1997. Upon appeal to this Court, both convictions were affirmed. See State v. Kenneth
R. Griffin, No. E1998-00037-CCA-R3-CD, 2000 WL 944010, Washington County (Tenn. Crim.
App., Knoxville, July 6, 2000). Petitioner’s application to the supreme court for permission to
appeal was denied on February 20, 2001.
        On June 4, 2001, Petitioner filed a petition for post-conviction relief alleging ineffective
assistance of counsel, both during his trial and on appeal. The petition contained certain allegations
of fact in support thereof. At the conclusion of the pleading, Petitioner included the following
statement:

                     DECLARATION UNDER PENTLY [sic] OF PERJURY

                I declare under Pentalty [sic] of perjury that the foregoing is ture [sic] and
        correct. (28 U.S.C. 1746 (2)).
                Excuted [sic] thise [sic] the 28th day of May, 2001.

                                                        Respectfully Submitted

                                                        /s/ Kenneth R. Griffin
                                                        KENNETH R. GRIFFIN # 98394
                                                                STSRCF
                                                             Rt. 4, Box 600
                                                          Pikeville, Tenn. 37367

       In its brief, the State asserts that the above statement by Petitioner constituted a “verification
under oath in the petition,” as required by Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-204, even
though Petitioner cited to 28 U.S.C. § 1746. We respectfully disagree.

       Section 1746 of Title 28 of the United States Code, entitled “Unsworn declarations under
penalty of perjury,” states as follows:

        Wherever, under any law of the United States or any rule, regulation, order, or
        requirement made pursuant to law, any matter is required or permitted to be
        supported, evidenced, established, or proved by the sworn declaration, verification,
        certificate, statement, oath, or affidavit, in writing of the person making the same
        (other than a deposition, or an oath of office, or an oath required to be taken before
        a specified official other than a notary public), such matter may, with like force and
        effect, be supported, evidenced, established, or proved by the unsworn declaration,
        certificate, verification, or statement, in writing of such person which is subscribed
        by him, as true under penalty of perjury, and dated, in substantially the following
        form:
                 ....

                (2) If executed within the United States, its territories, possessions, or
        commonwealths: “I declare (or certify, verify, or state) under penalty of perjury that
        the foregoing is true and correct. Executed on (date).

                (Signature).
28 U.S.C.A. § 1746 (1994).

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        First, we conclude that the above verification used by the Petitioner does not apply in state
court proceedings. In Carter v. Clark, the Fifth Circuit of the United States Court of Appeals held:

        Section 1746 of Title 28, United States Code, was passed in 1976 for the purpose of
        permitting “the use in Federal proceedings of unsworn declarations given under
        penalty of perjury in lieu of affidavits[.]” H.R. Rep. No. 94-1616, 94th Cong., 2d
        Sess. 1, reprinted in (1976) U.S. Code Cong. & Admin. News, pp. 5644, 5644. [sic]

Carter v. Clark, 616 F.2d 228, 230 (5th Cir. 1980) (emphasis added).

        As relevant in state court proceedings, Tennessee Code Annotated subsections 40-30-204(d)
and (e) provide as follows:

               (d) The petitioner shall include all claims known to the petitioner for granting
        post-conviction relief and shall verify under oath that all such claims are included.

                 (e) The petitioner shall include allegations of fact supporting each claim for
        relief set forth in the petition and allegations of fact explaining why each ground for
        relief was not previously presented in any earlier proceeding. The petition and any
        amended petition shall be verified under oath. Affidavits, records, or other evidence
        available to the petitioner supporting the allegations of the petition may be attached
        to it.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-204(d), (e) (1997).

           The Tennessee Code does not have a statute similar to 28 U.S.C.A. § 1746, concerning
unsworn declarations. Consequently, we find that, unless otherwise specified, “verified under oath”
means that the person giving the oath must do so in the presence of a third person qualified to take
oaths, such as a notary public. Until our legislature mandates otherwise, we are unpersuaded that
it is sound policy to allow prisoners to verify their own petitions. In this decision, we are guided,
in part, by the standard post-conviction petition form provided in Appendix A to Rule 28 of the
Rules of the Supreme Court of Tennessee. Specifically, the form requires that the “petitioner’s
verification under oath” be sworn to in the presence of a notary public. See Tenn. S. Ct. R.28,
Appendix A (this standard petition form, “together with Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-202(c), is
designed to achieve early finality in post-conviction proceedings through one comprehensive petition
. . . .”). Conversely, Appendix B, directly following the notary public requirement for verification
under oath, suggests that an “affidavit of indigency” may be signed by the petitioner only, without
the necessity of another person verifying the particular oath.

        Clearly, without proper verification, the petition in the case sub judice is, literally, devoid
of factual allegations in support of Petitioner’s claim for post-conviction relief. Therefore, in a literal
sense, we agree with the trial court’s analysis.

                                                   -3-
         However, while Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-206(d) provides that a failure to
state a factual basis for the grounds alleged in the petition “shall result in immediate dismissal of the
petition,” the statute also allows the trial court to “enter an order stating that the petitioner must file
an amended petition that complies with this section within fifteen (15) days,” if the petition is filed
pro se as in the instant case. In the event the petition, as amended in accordance with subsection (d),
is found incomplete, Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-206(e) provides that “the court shall
determine whether the petitioner is indigent and in need of counsel. The court may appoint counsel
and enter a preliminary order if necessary to secure the filing of a complete petition. Counsel may
file an amended petition within thirty (30) days of appointment.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-206(e)
(1997).

        In other words, when a petition which initially fails to state a factual basis for the grounds
alleged remains incomplete even after the petitioner is allowed an amendment pursuant to section
(d), the court shall determine whether petitioner is indigent and in need of counsel. In this case,
Petitioner alleges in his petition for post-conviction relief (under the section entitled “requested
relief”) that, due to his poverty, he was unable to hire counsel. Consequently, he requests the
appointment of counsel to represent him in the post-conviction matter.

          According to the record, the trial court based its dismissal of the instant petition solely upon
the failure of Petitioner to provide verification under oath, even though an attempt by Petitioner to
do so is apparent in the record. As previously discussed, the legislature has provided a procedure
which allows pro se petitioners the opportunity to amend petitions in order to properly include
factual allegations which were omitted from the original petition. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-
206(d), (e) (1997). That procedure should have been followed in this case. We therefore conclude
that the order of the trial court dismissing the petition should be reversed, and the case remanded to
give Petitioner the opportunity to amend his petition, which should include a proper verification
under oath. In addition, counsel should be appointed to assist Petitioner in the amendment process
if, in fact, he is found to be indigent. See Curtis L. Hutcherson v. State, No. E2001-00752-CCA-R3-
CD, 2001 WL 110313, Washington County (Tenn. Crim. App., Knoxville, Sept. 21, 2001) no perm.
to app. filed.

                                            CONCLUSION

        For the reasons stated herein, the judgment of the trial court summarily dismissing the
petition for post-conviction relief is reversed, and this case is remanded for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion.

                                                 ____________________________________
                                                 THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE

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