Court Opinion

ID: 4258375
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-03-27 14:11:40.746897+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:49:20.258448
License: Public Domain

Attorney Grievance Commission of Maryland v. Anna G. Aita, Misc. Docket No. 90,
September Term 2016. Opinion by Hotten, J.

ATTORNEY DISCIPLINE — SANCTIONS — DISBARMENT
The Court of Appeals disbarred Respondent, Anna G. Aita, from the practice of law in
Maryland. Respondent violated Maryland Lawyers’ Rules of Professional Conduct 1.1,
1.3, 1.4(a) and (b), 1.5, 1.15(a), (c), and (d), 1.16(d), 3.3(a)(1), and 8.4(a), (c), and (d).
Additionally, Respondent violated former Maryland Rules 16-604 and 16-606.1. These
violations stemmed from Respondent’s representation of two former clients in immigration
matters. Respondent failed to represent these clients competently and diligently, failed to
communicate with them about the status of their cases, failed to appear in court with them,
failed to safeguard their funds, charged the client an unreasonable fee, and failed to refund
unused immigration filing fees to the client. Respondent misrepresented material facts to
an immigration judge, failed to ascertain the status of the client’s case, and failed to advise
clients of the status of their cases. Disbarment is the appropriate sanction for Respondent’s
misconduct.
Circuit Court for Anne Arundel County
Case No. C-02-CV-17-564
Argued: January 8, 2018                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                                  OF MARYLAND

                                               Misc. Docket AG No. 90

                                                September Term, 2016

                                        __________________________________

                                             ATTORNEY GRIEVANCE
                                           COMMISSION OF MARYLAND
                                                              v.
                                                  ANNA G. AITA
                                        __________________________________

                                             Barbera, C.J.,
                                             Greene,
                                             Adkins,
                                             McDonald,
                                             Watts,
                                             Hotten,
                                             Getty,

                                                        JJ.
                                        __________________________________

                                                Opinion by Hotten, J.
                                        __________________________________

                                             Filed: March 27, 2018
       On or about November 18, 2016, the Attorney Grievance Commission of Maryland

(“Petitioner”), directed that charges be filed against Anna G. Aita (“Respondent”). On

February 16, 2017, Petitioner, acting through Bar Counsel, filed in this Court a Petition for

Disciplinary or Remedial Action (“Petition”) against Respondent.            The misconduct

stemmed from Respondent’s representation of two former clients in immigration matters.

Specifically, Petitioner alleged that Respondent failed to represent these clients

competently and diligently, failed to communicate with them regarding the status of their

cases, failed to appear in court on their behalf, failed to safeguard their funds, charged the

clients an unreasonable fee, failed to refund unused immigration filing fees to the client,

misrepresented material facts to an immigration judge, failed to ascertain the status of the

clients’ cases, and failed to advise the clients of the status of their cases. Based on the

misconduct, Petitioner alleged violations of Maryland Lawyers’ Rules of Professional

Conduct (“MLRPC”) 1.1 (Competence), 1.3 (Diligence), 1.4 (Communication), 1.5 (Fees),

1.15 (Safekeeping property), 1.16(d) (Declining or Terminating Representation), 3.3(a)(1)

(Candor Towards the Tribunal), and 8.4(a), (c), and (d) (Misconduct). Petitioner further

averred violations of former Maryland Rules 16-604 (Trust Account–Required Deposits)

and 16-606.1 (Attorney Trust Account Record-Keeping). 1

1
   Effective July 1, 2016, the Maryland Lawyers’ Rules of Professional Conduct
(“MLRPC”) were renamed the Maryland Attorneys’ Rules of Professional Conduct
(“MARPC”) and re-codified, without substantive change, in Title 19 of the Maryland
Rules. Rules governing attorney discipline were also recodified in Title 19 of the Maryland
Rules. Respondent’s misconduct occurred prior to the recodification and renaming of the
relevant rules. Therefore, we refer to the MLRPC, and the Maryland Rules by their former
designations, throughout this opinion.
       On February 27, 2017, this Court transferred the matter to Judge Glenn L. Klavans

(“the hearing judge”), of the Circuit Court for Anne Arundel County, to conduct an

evidentiary hearing (“the hearing”). The Clerk of the Circuit Court for Anne Arundel

County issued a summons on February 28, 2017. The Petition and summons were served

on Respondent on April 3, 2017. After receiving an extension of time, an Answer was

filed on May 3, 2017. Petitioner and Respondent met with the hearing judge for a

scheduling conference on April 21, 2017. Petitioner filed an Amended Petition for

Disciplinary or Remedial Action on May 18, 2017. Respondent filed a timely Answer on

June 2, 2017. An evidentiary hearing took place, from July 24, 2017, through July 27,

2017. At the conclusion of the hearing, the hearing judge directed the parties to file

Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law by August 21, 2017.

                     THE HEARING JUDGE’S FINDINGS OF FACT

       We summarize the hearing judge’s findings of fact. Respondent was admitted to

the Maryland Bar on June 19, 2002. She began a solo law practice in May of 2003, and

described her areas of concentration as immigration, criminal, traffic, family, and civil

litigation.   She speaks, reads, and writes in both English and Spanish.             Although

Respondent resides in Easton, Maryland, she maintains her office for the practice of law in

Glen Burnie, Maryland. Respondent testified that she has experienced recurrent health

problems, including problems with sciatica on both sides, and bulging discs in her back.

She also testified that she had vertigo in 2013 and micro colitis, which is similar to irritable

                                               2
bowel syndrome. Respondent did not present any evidence confirming the aforementioned

diagnoses or treatment. The misconduct related to this investigation by Bar Counsel

involves Respondent’s representation of two clients, Isaac Escalante and Ingris Ardon.

                             Representation of Isaac Escalante

      Isaac Escalante (“Escalante”) is a native of Guatemala who entered the United

States in February of 2002. He resides with his partner, Francisca Calmo Ramos (“Calmo

Ramos”), in Sudlersville, Maryland. They have five children together who are all United

States citizens. Escalante does not speak or read English fluently. In March of 2012,

Escalante was arrested for traffic violations in Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, and was

taken into custody by the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”), Immigration and

Customs Enforcement. Thereafter, Escalante was placed in removal proceedings.

      In April of 2012, Calmo Ramos retained Respondent to represent Escalante in his

criminal and immigration matters. A retainer agreement was provided to Escalante in both

English and Spanish. The total fee for representation in both cases was $2,500. Escalante

paid Respondent $2,500 in increments. The funds were not held in an attorney trust

account, and had not been previously earned at the times of payment. Escalante did not

provide his informed consent, in writing, agreeing to the deposit of his advance fee

payments in a non-trust account. Respondent contended that the payments were not placed

in an attorney trust account because they were received too close in time to when they were

earned, or alternatively, that such incremental payments had been earned. However,

                                            3
Respondent produced no account records, timesheets, or other evidence to substantiate

these claims. Escalante was satisfied with the services that Respondent rendered regarding

his traffic case.

       In Escalante’s immigration case, Respondent filed an Application for Cancellation

of Removal with the immigration court. Sometime in 2012, during Escalante’s detention,

Respondent came to his house to sort through the family’s personal documents with Calmo

Ramos, to ascertain which documents would be helpful in supporting Escalante’s

application for Cancellation of Removal. Respondent made copies of the family’s original

documents, but never returned the originals. Respondent also did not file any of the

documentation she collected from Calmo Ramos. During the hearing, Respondent testified

that these documents were not helpful to Escalante’s case, but also denied ever receiving

the supporting documentation.

       A Master Calendar hearing2 was scheduled in Escalante’s case for November 26,

2013 at 1:00 p.m. at the immigration court in Baltimore, Maryland. At 1:05 p.m. that day,

Respondent sent Escalante a text message indicating that her partner attorney, Charles

Yates (“Yates”), would be substituting for her in immigration court. In actuality, Yates

was not Respondent’s partner, but rather an independent attorney acting as a substitute.

2
  A Master Calendar hearing is an individual’s first appearance before an immigration
judge in removal proceedings. Immigration Court Practice Manual, Ch. 4: Hearings before
Immigration Judges, https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2012/11/08/
Chap%204.pdf, (https://perma.cc/LP2G-VAMA) (last visited February 27, 2018).
                                          4
Escalante replied to Respondent by text message, “[w]hen is my court?” At 2:10 p.m.,

Respondent replied, “[t]oday 1:00 p[.]m.” Escalante replied, “I didn’t know.” At the time

that he received Respondent’s text message at 2:10 pm, Escalante was working on the

Eastern Shore of Maryland. Yates appeared at the immigration court on Respondent’s

behalf, but Escalante did not appear. Yates contacted Respondent to alert her that Escalante

had failed to appear, but received no response. The immigration judge ordered Escalante

removed from the United States of America in absentia. Escalante contacted Respondent

on the afternoon of November 26, 2013, through a text message saying “I am Isaac, please

answer me. I need to speak with you.” Respondent never replied. Escalante sent another

text message on November 27, 2013, inquiring about the status of his case. Again,

Respondent did not reply.

       Respondent initially testified that she had a telephone conversation with Escalante

on the morning of November 26, 2013, and advised him of the hearing and Yates’

representation.   Later, Respondent changed her testimony and asserted that she left

Escalante a telephone message. Additionally, Respondent testified that she failed to appear

on behalf of Escalante in immigration court because her cat died.

       Respondent presented a copy of a letter in English from her client file, addressed

to Escalante, dated October 19, 2013. The letter reflects that a Master Calendar hearing is

scheduled for November 26, 2013, at 1:00 pm. The letter also states “[i]f you do not

                                             5
understand this document, I further note that it is your responsibility to have it translated.”

No proof was offered that the letter was mailed. Escalante never received it.

        On January 20, 2014, Escalante again attempted to contact Respondent by text and

asked if he could reopen his immigration case. Respondent replied, “[y]ou can. I am going

to need 295 dollars.” On February 18, 2014, Respondent filed a Motion to Reopen

Escalante’s case. Escalante paid the $110 filing fee for the motion. Respondent deposited

Escalante’s fees into her firm’s operating account. In the Motion to Reopen, Respondent

falsely represented to the immigration court that Escalante failed to appear for his hearing

on November 26, 2013, because Escalante’s “car broke down while he was over one hour

away in an area with no taxi service and no public transportation. He was unable to find

someone to bring him to court on the day of his [M]aster [C]alendar hearing.”

        On February 19, 2014, the immigration judge granted the Motion to Reopen and set

another hearing for March 11, 2014. Respondent never informed Escalante that his case

was reopened and scheduled for another hearing. On March 11, 2014, both Escalante and

Respondent failed to appear, and Escalante was ordered removed in absentia for a second

time.

        In 2015, Escalante was arrested by DHS, taken into custody, and denied bond

because of the final order of removal. After learning of Escalante’s arrest, Calmo Ramos

telephoned Respondent. Calmo Ramos paid Respondent $200 to file a second Motion to

Reopen on Escalante’s behalf. Respondent did not file the Motion to Reopen and later sent

                                              6
Calmo Ramos a money order for $295, representing the motion filing fees, the Cancellation

of Removal application fee, and a DHS biometrics fee. Escalante filed a complaint with

the Attorney Grievance Commission in July of 2015. Escalante first learned that he was

ordered removed in absentia after he filed a complaint with the Attorney Grievance

Commission.

       Escalante subsequently retained Rene Swafford (“Swafford”), Esquire. Swafford

tried several times to contact Respondent by telephone, and left two messages for her, but

Respondent never returned the calls. In September of 2015, Swafford requested a copy of

Escalante’s client file from Respondent, but received no response. Respondent contended

that she did not provide Escalante’s file because Swafford did not present a release signed

by Escalante, granting permission. In December of 2015, Bar Counsel requested that

Respondent provide Escalante’s file to Swafford.       In January of 2016, Respondent

complied.

                              Representation of Ingris Ardon

       Ingris Ardon (“Ardon”) is a native of Guatemala, who does not speak or read

English fluently. She resides in Reisterstown, Maryland with her three children, who are

all United States citizens. In July 2013, Ardon retained Respondent to represent her at her

individual calendar hearing3 on October 29, 2013. Pursuant to the retainer agreement,

3
 “Evidentiary hearings on contested matters are referred to as individual calendar hearings
or merits hearings. Contested matters include challenges to removability and applications
                                                                      (continued . . . )
                                            7
which was in both English and Spanish, Respondent charged Ardon a flat fee of $3,000 for

the representation, with $1,000 due at signing, and the balance due over a period of four

months in installments of $500 each. Ardon paid Respondent a total of $2,500 in

increments. The funds were not deposited into a trust account, and were not previously

earned at the times of payment.

       Ardon also paid Respondent $185 on September 14, 2013, to be used for the filing

fee for the Application for Suspension of Deportation and biometric fee charged by DHS.

Respondent did not deposit this payment into a trust account. Ardon did not provide her

informed consent, in writing, agreeing to the deposit of her advance fee payments and filing

fee in a non-trust account. Respondent claimed that such payments were not deposited into

a trust account because they were received so close in time to when they were earned, or

alternatively, that because they were paid in increments, the incremental payments had

been earned. However, Respondent could produce no evidence, account records or

timesheets to substantiate these claims.

       Respondent instructed Ardon to bring documents to her office to demonstrate her

eligibility for Suspension of Deportation. Ardon provided Respondent with 585 pages of

documents. Respondent also instructed Ardon to write out a personal history. Ardon did

(. . . continued)
for relief.” Immigration Court Practice Manual, Ch. 4: Hearings before Immigration
Judges, https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2012/11/08/Chap%204.pdf,
(https://perma.cc/LP2G-VAMA) (last visited February 27, 2018).
                                             8
not understand what she was supposed to compose and sought clarification. Respondent

replied that Ardon should seek assistance from her children and canceled several of their

appointments.    Respondent never filed any applications, pleadings, or supporting

documentation on Ardon’s behalf. According to Respondent, she was not provided

sufficient proof of continuous physical presence, or proof of hardship to Ardon’s children,

should Ardon be deported to Guatemala.

        In October 2013, Respondent reminded Ardon that a $500 payment was due on

October 20, 2013. On October 19, 2013, Respondent granted Ardon an extension. On

October 21, 2013, Ardon texted Respondent that, “I sent the check by mail. I hope it’s not

lost and you receive it.” Ardon followed up by text on October 24, 2013 by asking, “[t]ell

me did you get the check,” and Respondent replied, “[y]es.” However, Respondent later

sent correspondence to Ardon claiming that she never received the $500 payment in

October of 2013. No proof was presented regarding receipt of the check, or process by any

bank.    Ardon was supposed to be fingerprinted by DHS as a requirement for her

Application for Suspension of Deportation. Respondent advised Ardon on the procedure

for fingerprinting via text message. After going to several administrative offices within

DHS to secure documents for fingerprinting, Ardon was unable to do so.

        On October 29, 2013, Ardon and her three children appeared in immigration court

for the scheduled individual hearing. Respondent sent Ardon a text message just prior to

the scheduled hearing that she would not be coming to court with her because Respondent’s

                                            9
family member had an emergency. However, Respondent testified that her cat sustained a

fatal blood clot. Respondent informed Ardon that a substitute attorney, Yates, would appear

on her behalf and seek a continuance. Ardon had never met Yates previously. When Yates

arrived, he told Ardon and her family “I know nothing about your case.” It appeared that

the hearing had been rescheduled due to a government shutdown. However, Respondent

was unaware of the rescheduling, and made no effort to ascertain its status.

       On December 18, 2013, Respondent sent Ardon a letter releasing her as a client

because of Ardon’s failure to make the October and November 2013 payments pursuant to

the retainer agreement. The letter also indicates that Respondent was going to withdraw

from Ardon’s case, but Respondent never entered her appearance with the court. On

December 20, 2013, Respondent sent Ardon a letter informing her that Respondent would

apply the $185 filing fee towards Ardon’s balance. Ardon requested a refund of all of her

money, but Respondent failed to refund funds specifically paid to her in trust for the

payment of filing fees.

                                 Expert Witness Testimony

       Petitioner called John F. Gossart, Jr. (“Judge Gossart”), a retired federal

immigration Judge, as an expert in immigration law and immigration court procedure.

Judge Gossart testified that Respondent’s representation of Escalante and Ardon was

incompetent. Judge Gossart opined that an Application for Cancellation of Removal is a

discretionary one, and while Escalante met the basic requirements under the law, he would

                                            10
need supporting evidentiary documents to demonstrate that removal to Guatemala would

result in extreme and unusual hardship to his five children. According to Judge Gossart,

the application Respondent filed was bare bones, illegible in parts, and lacked supporting

evidence. The hearing judge did not accept Judge Gossart’s opinions regarding the merits

of Escalante’s case, but conceded that the documents Respondent did not file were relevant.

       There was conflicting evidence in Ardon’s case regarding her eligibility for relief,

because Ardon could not demonstrate seven years of continuous physical presence in this

country. Judge Gossart testified that Ardon had provided Respondent with evidence to

support an application for Suspension of Deportation. Ardon provided Respondent with

bank statements, pay stubs, tax returns, personal references, and her children’s school

records, among other things, which would have been relevant evidence for such an

application. Judge Gossart opined that Respondent’s failure to file anything with the

immigration court, including a Motion to Continue, an Entry of Appearance, or any

supplemental evidence to go forward on Ardon’s Application for Suspension of

Deportation, reflected incompetence. In Ardon’s case, the immigration court would not

have been able to notify Respondent that the hearing was going to be postponed because

Respondent had not filed an Entry of Appearance.

       Respondent called Ronald Richey (“Richey”), Esquire, to testify on her behalf as an

expert in immigration law and immigration court procedure.            Richey opined that

Respondent’s representation of Escalante and Ardon was competent and diligent, but he

                                            11
also provided conflicting testimony. Regarding Escalante, Richey said that he would have

filed more supporting documents, not sent a Spanish-speaking client a letter in English,

and that an attorney should file a Motion to Reopen a case for a detained client, not ignore

the matter. Further, Richey asserted that an attorney could call the immigration court, visit

the court, or call a toll free telephone number to inquire about the status of a matter.

       Regarding representation of Ardon, Richey explained that it was not a violation of

a standard of care to request a continuance when a client has not provided all the necessary

evidence to support her case. However, Richey determined that the evidence Ardon

provided to Respondent was relevant.

                                 Respondent’s Testimony

       Respondent’s explanation as to why she did not place client funds in a trust account

was because she “earned the fees fairly quickly,” and that there were occasions when she

could not deposit money in the bank for ten or fifteen days. She testified that she wished

she had discontinued Ardon’s representation sooner. The hearing judge noted a lack of

remorse, and that Respondent was protecting her own self-interest. On cross-examination,

Respondent admitted that she has been practicing immigration law for fourteen years. She

was familiar with a toll-free telephone system to check on matters, but could not explain

why she did not follow up on Escalante’s case. When confronted with her failure to inform

Escalante of his hearing dates, she blamed him for not returning her calls. Regarding

Escalante’s new counsel’s request for his file, Respondent initially denied receiving the

                                              12
calls, but then blamed Swafford for not stating the reason for her call. Regarding the $500

payment sent by Ardon in October 2013 that Respondent later denied receiving in a letter,

Respondent explained that she did not return Ardon’s fees because she felt Ardon still owed

her money.

       Various friends, colleagues, and associates of Respondent testified on her behalf

that she was honest and a good lawyer. None of those witnesses were knowledgeable on

the subject of immigration law or Respondent’s reputation within the immigration law

community, except Yates.

                 THE HEARING JUDGE’S CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

       Based on the aforementioned findings of fact, the hearing judge concluded that the

evidence concerning Respondent’s representation of Escalante and Ardon established

violations of MLRPC 1.1 (Competence), 1.3 (Diligence), 1.4(a) and (b) (Communication),

1.5 (Fees), 1.15(a), (c), and (d) (Safekeeping Property), 1.16(d) (Declining or Terminating

Representation), 3.3(a)(1) (Candor Towards the Tribunal), and 8.4(a) and (c)

(Misconduct). The hearing judge additionally found violations of former Maryland Rules

16-604 and 16-606.1. The following are summaries of the relevant MLRPC and the

hearing judge’s reasoning for concluding Respondent violated each part:

                                  Rule 1.1 Competence
       A lawyer shall provide competent representation to a client. Competent
       representation requires the legal knowledge, skill, thoroughness, and
       preparation reasonably necessary for the representation.

                                            13
          Respondent violated Rule 1.1 in Ardon’s matter by failing to pursue any relief

before the immigration court, all while allowing the client to rely on Respondent’s

representations that she would do so. In both Escalante’s and Ardon’s matters, Respondent

violated Rule 1.1 by sending Yates, a substitute attorney with no knowledge of the matters

and no relationship with the clients, on her behalf.

                                       Rule 1.3 Diligence
          A lawyer shall act with reasonable diligence and promptness in representing
          a client.

          Respondent violated Rule 1.3 in Escalante’s case because she failed to ensure that

he was aware of his November 26, 2013, hearing or to file any of his supporting evidence

with the court. Respondent further lacked diligence because she failed to file an Entry of

Appearance, supporting documentation, witness list, or a Motion to Continue on Ardon’s

behalf.

                                   Rule 1.4 Communication
          (a) A lawyer shall:
               (1) promptly inform the client of any decision or circumstance with respect to
                    which the client’s informed consent, as defined in Rule l.0(f), is required
                    by these Rules;
               (2) keep the client reasonably informed about the status of the matter;
               (3) promptly comply with reasonable requests for information; and
               (4) consult with the client about any relevant limitation on the lawyer’s conduct
                    when the lawyer knows that the client expects assistance not permitted by
                    the Maryland Lawyers’ Rules of Professional Conduct or other law.
          (b) A lawyer shall explain a matter to the extent reasonably necessary to permit the
          client to make informed decisions regarding the representation.

                                                14
      In Escalante’s matter, Respondent violated Rule l.4(a) when she failed to keep him

reasonably informed about the status of his case, most particularly, the scheduled hearing

dates. She failed to promptly comply with reasonable requests for information from

Escalante and his partner, Calmo Ramos. Regarding Ardon, Respondent violated Rule

1.4(a) when she failed to keep her reasonably informed regarding the status of her case.

      In Escalante’s case, Respondent purportedly sent him letters in English, a language

he cannot read or write. Respondent’s inclusion in the letter that “[i]f you do not

understand this document… it is your responsibility to have it translated” makes clear that

Respondent violated Rule l.4(b) when she did not communicate with the client in a manner

that allows the client to make an informed decision.

                                      Rule 1.5 Fees
      A lawyer shall not make an agreement for, charge, or collect an unreasonable
      fee or an unreasonable amount for expenses. The factors to be considered in
      determining the reasonableness of a fee include the following:
           (1) the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the
               questions involved, and the skill requisite to perform the legal service
               properly;
           (2) the likelihood, if apparent to the client, that the acceptance of the
               particular employment will preclude other employment of the
               lawyer;
           (3) the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services;
           (4) the amount involved and the results obtained;
           (5) the time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances;
           (6) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client;
           (7) the experience, reputation, and ability of the lawyer or lawyers
               performing the services; and
           (8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent.

                                             15
       In Ardon’s matter, Respondent’s fee of $3,000 ($2,500 of which was paid)

constituted an unreasonable fee, because Respondent filed nothing on her behalf.

                             Rule 1.15 Safekeeping Property
       (a) A lawyer shall hold property of clients or third persons that is in a
       lawyer’s possession in connection with a representation separate from the
       lawyer’s own property. Funds shall be kept in a separate account maintained
       pursuant to Title I6, Chapter 600 of the Maryland Rules[ ].
                                             ****
       (c) Unless a client gives informed consent, confirmed in writing, to a
       different arrangement, a lawyer shall deposit legal fees and expenses that
       have been paid in advance into a client trust account and may withdraw those
       funds for the lawyer’s own benefit only as fees are earned or expenses
       incurred.

       (d) Upon receiving funds or other property in which a client or third person
       has an interest, a lawyer shall promptly notify the client or third person.
       Except as stated in this Rule or otherwise permitted by law or by agreement
       with the client, a lawyer shall deliver promptly to the client or third person
       any funds or other property that the client or third person is entitled to receive
       and, upon request by the client or third person, shall render promptly a full
       accounting regarding such property.

                                             ****

       In both Escalante’s and Ardon’s cases, Respondent failed to hold any of the clients’

funds in an attorney trust account, including their filing fees for Cancellation of Removal

for Escalante and Suspension of Deportation for Ardon. Both clients were also required to

pay an $85 fee to DHS to be fingerprinted, and those funds were also not held in an attorney

trust account. Respondent had not earned such fees when paid, nor did she have the clients’

informed consent, in writing, to hold these funds outside of the trust account. In Ardon’s

                                              16
case, Respondent also violated Rule 1.15(d) because she failed to refund $185 paid for

Ardon’s fingerprint and biometrics fees, and rather kept the fees for herself.

                  Rule 1.16 Declining or Terminating Representation
                                            ****
       (d) Upon termination of representation, a lawyer shall take steps to the extent
       reasonably practicable to protect a client’s interests, such as giving
       reasonable notice to the client, allowing time for employment of other
       counsel, surrendering papers and property to which the client is entitled and
       refunding any advance payment of fee or expense that has not been earned
       or incurred. The lawyer may retain papers relating to the client to the extent
       permitted by other law.
       In Escalante’s case, Respondent violated Rule 1.16(d) by failing to forward his file

to his new attorney, Rene Swafford, after she made several requests. In Ardon’s case,

Respondent violated Rule 1.16(d) when she failed to refund Ardon’s property, specifically,

the $185 that she gave Respondent to be used for DHS filing fees.

                         Rule 3.3 Candor Toward the Tribunal
       (a) A lawyer shall not knowingly:
            (1) make a false statement of fact or law to a tribunal or fail to correct a
            false statement of material fact or law previously made to the tribunal
            by the lawyer[.]
                                              ****
       In Escalante’s case, Respondent violated Rule 3.3(a)(1) when she falsely stated in

the February 18, 2014, Motion to Reopen that Escalante failed to appear for his

immigration hearing on November 26, 2013, because his “car broke down while he was

over one hour away in an area with no taxi service and no public transportation. He was

unable to find someone to bring him to court on the day of his [M]aster [C]alendar hearing.”

                                              17
This statement was false. Escalante testified credibly that he did not appear for his Master

Calendar hearing on November 26, 2013, because Respondent never informed him.

Escalante’s testimony is supported by text messages between him and Respondent from

November 26, 2013, when Escalante texted, “[w]hen is my court [date]?” and Respondent

replied “[t]oday at 1:00 pm[,]” to which Escalante responded, “I didn’t know.”

                                     Rule 8.4 Misconduct
       It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to:

       (a) violate or attempt to violate the Maryland Lawyers’ Rules of Professional
       Conduct, knowingly assist or induce another to do so, or do so through the
       acts of another;
                                             ****
       (c) engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or
       misrepresentation;
       (d) engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice[.]

                                             ****
       It is a violation of Rule 8.4(a) for an attorney to violate or attempt to violate any of

the Rules. Therefore, because Respondent has violated Rules 1.1, 1.3, l.4(a) and (b), 1.5,

l.15(a), (c) and (d), l.16(d), and 3.3(a)(l), it follows that she has violated Rule 8.4(a) in both

the Escalante and Ardon matters. Respondent violated Rule 8.4(c) for the same reasons

that she violated Rule 3.3(a)(l). Her statement in the Motion to Reopen filed on Escalante’s

behalf that he failed to appear for court because his car broke down was a

misrepresentation. The hearing judge did not find a violation by clear and convincing

evidence of Rule of 8.4(d) because no evidence was produced that Respondent’s actions

were likely to impair public confidence in the profession.

                                               18
              Maryland Rule 16-604. Trust Account- Required deposits.
       Except as otherwise permitted by rule or other law, all funds, including cash,
       received and accepted by an attorney or law firm in this State from a client
       or third person to be delivered in whole or in part to a client or third person,
       unless received as payment of fees owed the attorney by the client or in
       reimbursement for expenses properly advanced on behalf of the client, shall
       be deposited in an attorney trust account in an approved financial institution.
       This Rule does not apply to an instrument received by an attorney or law firm
       that is made payable solely to a client or third person and is transmitted
       directly to the client or third person.
       Respondent violated former Rule 16-604 in both Escalante and Ardon’s cases when

she failed to place any of the clients’ funds in an attorney trust account.

          Maryland Rule 16-606.1 Attorney Trust Account Record-Keeping
       (a) Creation of Records. The following records shall be created and
       maintained for the receipt and disbursement of funds of clients or of third
       persons:
            (1) Attorney trust account identification. An identification of all
            attorney trust accounts maintained, including the name of the financial
            institution, account number, account name, date the account was
            opened, date the account was closed, and an agreement with the
            financial institution establishing each account and its interest-bearing
            nature.
            (2) Deposits and disbursements. A record for each account that
            chronologically shows all deposits and disbursements, as follows:
                       (A) for each deposit, a record made at or near the time of the
                       deposit that shows (i) the date of the deposit, (ii) the amount,
                       (iii) the identity of the client or third person for whom the
                       funds were deposited, and (iv) the purpose of the deposit;
                       (B) for each disbursement, including a disbursement made by
                       electronic transfer, a record made at or near the time of
                       disbursement that shows (i) the date of the disbursement, (ii)
                       the amount, (iii) the payee, (iv) the identity of the client or
                       third person for whom the disbursement was made (if not the
                       payee), and (v) the purpose of the disbursement;
                       (C) for each disbursement made by electronic transfer, a
                       written memorandum authorizing the transaction and
                       identifying the attorney responsible for the transaction.
                                              19
          (3) Client matter records. A record for each client matter in which the
          attorney receives funds in trust, as follows:
                     (A) for each attorney trust account transaction, a record that
                     shows (i) the date of the deposit or disbursement; (ii) the
                     amount of the deposit or disbursement; (iii) the purpose for
                     which the funds are intended; (iv) for a disbursement, the
                     payee and the check number or other payment identification;
                     and (v) the balance of funds remaining in the account in
                     connection with the matter; and
                     (B) an identification of the person to whom the unused
                     portion of a fee or expense deposit is to be returned whenever
                     it is to be returned to a person other than the client.
                                        ****
      Respondent failed to keep any records of funds received in both Escalante and

Ardon’s matters as required by former Rule 16-606.1.

                         Aggravating and Mitigating Factors
      The hearing judge found nine aggravating factors, among the list of aggravating

factors recognized by the American Bar Association, and this Court. In Attorney Grievance

Commission of Maryland v. Shuler, 443 Md. 494, 506–07, 117 A.3d 38, 46 (2015), this

Court explained that the following aggravating factors should be considered:

      (1) prior attorney discipline; (2) a dishonest or selfish motive; (3) a pattern
      of misconduct; (4) multiple violations of the MLRPC; (5) bad faith
      obstruction of the attorney discipline proceeding by intentionally failing to
      comply with the Maryland Rules or orders of this Court or the hearing judge;
      (6) submission of false evidence, false statements, or other deceptive
      practices during the attorney discipline proceeding; (7) a refusal to
      acknowledge the misconduct’s wrongful nature; (8) the victim’s
      vulnerability; (9) substantial experience in the practice of law; (10)
      indifference to making restitution or rectifying the misconduct’s
      consequences; (11) illegal conduct, including that involving the use of
      controlled substances; and (12) likelihood of repetition of the misconduct.

                                            20
As for the aggravating factors, the hearing judge concluded factors two, three, four, six,

seven, eight, nine, ten, and twelve were present.

       This Court has also recognized mitigating factors established by the American Bar

Association in fashioning sanctions, and also determining whether any aggravating and

mitigating factors are present. See Attorney Grievance Comm’n of Maryland v. McDonald,

437 Md. 1, 45, 85 A.3d 117, 143 (2014) (explaining that was review “American Bar

Association [] Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions (1992) for guidance in

determining an appropriate sanction, including whether any aggravating factors are present

in relation to the misconduct.”). Mitigating factors include the following:

       Absence of a prior disciplinary record; absence of a dishonest or selfish
       motive; personal or emotional problems; timely good faith efforts to make
       restitution or to rectify consequences of misconduct; full and free disclosure
       to disciplinary board or cooperative attitude toward proceedings;
       inexperience in the practice of law; character or reputation; physical or
       mental disability or impairment; delay in disciplinary proceedings; interim
       rehabilitation; imposition of other penalties or sanctions; remorse; and
       finally, remoteness of prior offenses.

Attorney Grievance Comm’n of Maryland v. White, 448 Md. 33, 73, 136 A.3d 819, 842

(2016). Respondent has no prior disciplinary record, and a positive reputation.

                                STANDARD OF REVIEW
       It is well established that “[t]his Court has original and complete jurisdiction over

attorney discipline proceedings in Maryland.” Attorney Grievance Comm’n of Maryland

v. Hodes, 441 Md. 136, 168, 105 A.3d 533, 552 (2014) (internal quotations omitted). At

                                            21
all times, Petitioner has the burden of proving the allegations against the Respondent by

clear and convincing evidence. Attorney Grievance Comm’n of Maryland v. Edib, 415 Md.
696, 706, 4 A.3d 957, 964 (2010). See also Md. Rule 16-757(b) (“[The Commission] has

the burden of proving the averments of the petition by clear and convincing evidence.”).

As we have often explained:

         We conduct an independent review of the record and accept the hearing
         judge’s findings of fact unless they are clearly erroneous. Deference is
         accorded to the hearing judge’s findings, who is in the best position, as the
         fact-finder, to assess the credibility of a witness. Findings of fact to which
         neither party takes exception may be treated by us as conclusively
         established. However, if exceptions are filed, the Court of Appeals shall
         determine whether the findings of fact have been proven by the requisite
         standard of proof outlined in Md. Rule 16–757(b).[4] We review de novo, the
         hearing judge’s conclusions of law.

White, 448 Md. at 50, 136 A.3d at 828–29 (internal citations, quotations, and brackets

omitted).

                                        DISCUSSION
         Both parties presented exceptions to the hearing judge’s findings of fact and

conclusions of law. Petitioner’s sole exception rests on the hearing judge’s conclusion that

Respondent did not violate MLRPC 8.4(d). Respondent asks us to overrule Petitioner’s

4
    Former Md. Rule 16-757(b) provides:

         (b) Burdens of Proof. The [Commission] has the burden of proving the
         averments of the petition by clear and convincing evidence. A respondent
         who asserts an affirmative defense or a matter of mitigation or attenuation
         has the burden of proving the defense or matter by a preponderance of the
         evidence.
                                             22
exception, and presents her own factual and legal challenges to the hearing judge’s rulings

and the appropriate disposition in this case.

                                 Respondent’s Exceptions
       Respondent’s exceptions one through seven are factual in nature, while exceptions

eight through eighteen are legal in nature. As explained supra, we accept the hearing

judge’s findings of fact unless clearly erroneous. Attorney Grievance Comm’n of Maryland

v. Lara, 418 Md. 355, 364, 14 A.3d 650, 656 (2011). A hearing judge’s factual finding is

not clearly erroneous “[i]f there is any competent material evidence to support [it].” YIVO

Inst. for Jewish Research v. Zaleski, 386 Md. 654, 663, 874 A.2d 411, 416 (2005). “We

review, de novo, the hearing judge’s conclusions of law.” White, 448 Md. at 50, 136 A.3d

at 829. As we shall explain infra, Respondent’s factual and legal exceptions are overruled.

                                       Exception One

       Respondent excepts to the adverse findings concerning Respondent’s credibility as

a witness. Respondent contends that where she gave inconsistent statements, the hearing

judge failed to sufficiently consider that she was testifying to matters that occurred between

2012 and 2015, and that her recollection, understandably, had dimmed in the interim.

Further, Respondent asserts that the stress of the proceedings may have inhibited her ability

to recall the events. Respondent also called fifteen character witnesses including judges,

attorneys, and former clients, who all testified to Respondent’s honesty and credibility

generally, which the hearing judge failed to adequately credit.

                                                23
       We do not believe that the hearing judge erroneously found that Respondent was

not a credible witness, or that the testimony of Respondent’s witnesses was not credible.

The hearing judge’s findings of fact reflect that Respondent’s testimony was considered,

and that her inconsistent statements were weighed, in conjunction with the other testimony

presented. For example, Respondent excepts that the stressful four day trial diminished

her ability to recall matters as clearly as she would have under normal circumstances.

When questioned about whether Respondent received a call or letter from Swafford about

Escalante’s file, Respondent initially denied receiving any communication. Respondent

later acknowledged that she received a phone call, but blamed Swafford for not indicating

the reason for her call. When pressed further about a letter from Swafford, Respondent

replied “every now and then, my fax breaks….” Based on the inconsistencies in the

testimony, it was not erroneous to credit Swafford’s testimony over Respondent’s.

       Where Respondent called character witnesses to testify regarding her honesty and

credibility, the hearing judge considered their testimony, but also considered the gravity of

the conduct alleged by two different clients. Accordingly, it was not improper to weigh

substantiated evidence over testimony that Respondent is generally an honest person.

                                      Exception Two

       Respondent secondly excepts that there was no evidence to substantiate the fact that

Escalante’s payments “were not deposited into a trust account because they were received

so close in time to when they were earned, or alternatively, that because they were paid in

                                             24
increments, such incremental payments had been earned.” Respondent asserts that she and

Escalante had a $2,500 fee arrangement, paid in increments of $1,000 per month. Although

Escalante agreed to a flat fee arrangement, Respondent indicated that her rate was $200 per

hour. Respondent testified that as soon as she was retained, she interviewed Escalante in

detention, which lasted seven or eight hours. She also represented Escalante in a bail

hearing in May 2012, met with him in June, July, and August 2012, and represented him

in immigration court in July 2012. Thus, Respondent alleged that she earned her fees as

Escalante paid her.

       Respondent produced no evidence, account records, or timesheets to substantiate

her claims, so those claims were rejected by the hearing judge. It was not clearly erroneous

to find that Respondent did not earn the fees when evidence was produced that Respondent

did not obtain Escalante’s informed consent, in writing, agreeing that his payments would

be held outside of a trust account, and Respondent produced no evidence to rebut the

finding.

                                     Exception Three
       Respondent’s third exception is to the hearing judge’s findings concerning the

documents that Escalante and Calmo Ramos provided in support of Escalante’s

Application for Cancellation of Removal. Respondent contends that the hearing judge

made no findings concerning the relevancy of the documents to Escalante’s case, and the

hearing judge did not identify which of the documents should have been submitted.

                                            25
Respondent argues that most of these documents were irrelevant to Escalante’s case and,

even if submitted, would not have secured Escalante the immigration relief he sought.

       Respondent’s own testimony is inconsistent regarding whether these documents

were ever received. Respondent maintained that she never received the documents because

Escalante was always “too busy to get them[,]” but also that the documents were irrelevant.

Respondent would have had to review some documentation to determine whether the

documents were legally irrelevant. Considering the inconsistency of this argument and

Respondent’s own statements, it was not clearly erroneous for the hearing judge to find

that Escalante and Calmo Ramos gave Respondent documentation that she did not file.

                                     Exception Four
       Fourth, Respondent excepts to the hearing judge’s findings that Escalante did not

receive Respondent’s October 19, 2013, letter informing him of a Master Calendar hearing

in the immigration court on November 26, 2013, and the hearing judge’s finding that other

letters were not actually mailed. Respondent suggests that there was no evidence reflecting

that she did not mail letters to Escalante; that Escalante has lied under oath during a

deposition previously; and that Escalante had a strong motive to deny receiving notice of

the November 26, 2013, hearing because the Motion to Reopen his immigration case was

premised on the claim that he had no notice of the prior hearing.

       As a preliminary matter, where an attorney attempts to shift blame onto the client,

we prefer to focus squarely on the conduct of the attorney. Attorney Grievance Comm’n

                                            26
of Maryland v. Bocchino, 435 Md. 505, 530, 80 A.3d 222, 236 (2013). Respondent

presented a letter from the client file dated October 19, 2013, informing Escalante of the

November 26, 2013, hearing. The letter was entirely in English, a language Escalante

neither reads nor speaks fluently. Respondent did not present evidence to support that the

letter was actually sent.     Respondent’s claim that she sent Escalante notice of the

November 26, 2013, hearing is at odds with Escalante’s text messages to Respondent on

the same day, asking when his hearing was scheduled. When Respondent replied that the

hearing was that day, Escalante pleaded to speak with the Respondent, but she never

answered. Based on the text messages reflecting that Escalante was not aware of the

hearing, and Respondent’s failure to rebut a showing that any other letters were actually

mailed, it was not clearly erroneous to find that the other letters were never mailed.

                                      Exception Five
       In her fifth exception, Respondent contests the hearing judge’s finding that her

statement to the immigration court at the February 18, 2014 hearing for the Motion to

Reopen Escalante’s case was “false,” and that “Escalante failed to appear for his

immigration court hearing because Respondent failed to properly advise him of same[.]”

Respondent asserts that she advised Escalante of his court date in the November 26, 2013,

letter, but Escalante failed appear. She argues that after reminding Escalante of his court

date at 1:06 p.m. by text message, he could have found a way to get to court, but chose not

to do so. Respondent’s allegation is premised on the fact that Escalante had problems with

                                             27
arranging transportation in the past, so on this particular occasion, it was appropriate to

conclude that he had trouble arranging transportation to court.

       For the same reasons that the hearing judge found that Respondent never sent notice

of Escalante’s November 26, 2013 hearing, we conclude that the hearing judge properly

found that Respondent made a false statement to the immigration court. Escalante’s text

message to Respondent at 1:05 p.m. saying “[w]hen is my court?... I didn’t know[,]” is

inconsistent with Respondent’s testimony to the court that Escalante had car troubles.

Accordingly, we decline to disturb the hearing judge’s finding that Respondent’s statement

was false.

                                      Exception Six
       Respondent disputes the hearing judge’s finding that Respondent did not earn fees

on Ardon’s case before or soon after Ardon made payments. Respondent presented her

own records showing she spent more than nineteen hours on Ardon’s case. Ardon agreed

to pay Respondent $3,000 in installments for the entire representation. Ardon retained

Respondent on July 25, 2014. Based on Respondent’s records, at her hourly rate of $200,

by August 5, 2013, she spent seven hours working on Ardon’s case, and thus had earned

$1,400, but Ardon had only paid her $1,000.

       Respondent’s framing of the facts materially omits that Ardon paid Respondent

$1,000 when Ardon signed the retainer agreement. The $2,000 balance was to be paid in

$500 installments over four months. None of the fees were ever deposited in a trust

                                            28
account. As Ardon paid $1,000 at the beginning of the representation, upon executing the

retainer agreement, Respondent could not have already earned the fee.

                                      Exception Seven

       Respondent excepts that the hearing judge did not credit her testimony that “[t]here

were times when, you know, it would be 10 or 15 days before I could go—daytime, you

know, to the bank to drop off the money.” It appears that the hearing judge found this

testimony to be not credible because it was proposed as an excuse for why Respondent

failed to hold her client’s funds in a trust account. As such, it was not clearly erroneous to

reject being busy as a viable excuse for failing to properly handle a client’s fee payments.

                                      Exception Eight
       Respondent excepts to the conclusion that she violated Rule 1.1, the duty of

competency. Her reasoning is that she properly advised Escalante and Ardon throughout

her representation. Additionally, she asserts that use of the substitute attorney, Yates, was

not per se incompetent, as concluded by the hearing judge. Rule 1.1 requires that an

attorney represent clients competently.      A violation occurs when an attorney is not

“sufficiently thorough or prepared.” Attorney Grievance Comm’n of Maryland v. Brady,

422 Md. 441, 457, 30 A.3d 902, 911 (2011). Clear and convincing evidence exists that

Respondent was not sufficiently thorough or prepared during her representation of both

Escalante and Ardon.

       Respondent’s representation of Escalante was incompetent because she failed to

notify him of his court dates, failed to appear on his behalf, and failed to adequately pursue
                                             29
the appropriate relief on his behalf. Respondent alleges that she properly advised Escalante

of his court dates by letter. The text messages reflecting that Escalante was not aware of

those dates demonstrates that Respondent was not sufficiently thorough in notifying

Escalante of his obligation to attend.

          Respondent failed to appear on Escalante’s behalf after the Motion to Reopen was

granted. Respondent alleges that she never received notice that the Motion to Reopen had

been granted. Respondent also never inquired on the status of Escalante’s Motion to

Reopen, despite her own expert’s testimony that she could have called a toll-free number,

or the court, to inquire about the status of his matter. When Escalante was ordered removed

in absentia as a result of his and Respondent’s failure to appear at a hearing for the first

Motion to Reopen, Respondent agreed to file a second Motion to Reopen on Escalante’s

behalf.     Respondent never filed the second motion.      By failing to file the motion,

Respondent did not provide competent representation.

          Respondent’s representation of Ardon was also problematic. Respondent did not

file documents in support of Ardon’s application, which Respondent alleged were not

relevant or helpful to Ardon’s matter. As the hearing judge concluded, it was incompetent

for Respondent to tell Ardon that she was pursuing relief on her behalf, all while pursuing

no relief whatsoever. Respondent never filed an Entry of Appearance on Ardon’s behalf,

so that she could receive notification. Respondent’s representation of Ardon was legally

incompetent, and a violation of Rule 1.1.

                                             30
       As Respondent asserts, use of a substitute attorney is not per se incompetent.

However, using a substitute attorney and providing no information about the subject of the

representation constitutes incompetence.           Therefore, Respondent’s delegation of

representation to Yates was also incompetent.

                                       Exception Nine
       Respondent excepts to the conclusion that she violated her duty of diligence as

prescribed in Rule 1.3. An attorney violates Rule 1.3 when he or she does “nothing

whatsoever to advance the client’s cause or endeavor.” Attorney Grievance Comm’n of

Maryland v. De La Paz, 418 Md. 534, 554, 16 A.3d 181, 193 (2011) (internal citations

omitted). For the reasons that Respondent violated Rule 1.1, she also violated Rule 1.3.

Respondent failed to ensure that Escalante was aware of his November 26, 2013, hearing.

She then failed to appear on his behalf in his first Motion to Reopen, and then never filed

a second Motion to Reopen, despite a promise, and fees paid, indicating that she would.

Respondent also failed to advance Ardon’s case when she failed to file an Entry of

Appearance or any supporting documents on Ardon’s behalf.

                                       Exception Ten
       In Exception Ten, Respondent contests that she violated the duty of communication

that is reflected in Rule 1.4. She reiterates that she informed Escalante of his hearing dates,

and updated Ardon regarding the status of her case, by letters, text messages, and in-person

meetings. Rule 1.4(a)(2) and (3) requires a lawyer to keep his or her client reasonably

informed about the status of the case, and to promptly respond to reasonable requests for

                                              31
information from the client. Attorney Grievance Comm’n of Maryland v. Nelson, 425 Md.
344, 354–55, 40 A.3d 1039, 1045 (2012). Respondent violated Rule 1.4(a)(2) during

Escalante’s representation when she failed to keep him informed of his hearing dates.

Respondent violated Rule 1.4(a)(3) when she failed to respond to Escalante’s text messages

requesting information. Respondent also violated Rule 1.4(a)(2) when she failed to inform

Ardon that she did not file anything on Ardon’s behalf.

       Rule 1.4(b) requires that “a lawyer shall explain a matter to the extent reasonably

necessary to permit the client to make informed decisions regarding the representation.”

In Escalante’s representation, Respondent’s failed to notify Escalante or Calmo Ramos that

she was not going to file a second Motion to Reopen. Had Escalante known this, he likely

would not have paid her additional fees. In addition to determining that Respondent

violated Rule 1.4(b) regarding her representation of Escalante, we also conclude that

Respondent violated Rule 1.4(b) in her representation of Ardon. Respondent failed to

inform Ardon that she would be ineligible for relief, which did not afford Ardon the

opportunity to render an informed decision on whether to continue pursuing, and paying

for, the representation.

                                     Exception Eleven
       Respondent excepts to the conclusion that she violated Rule 1.5 related to fees. Rule

1.5(a) prohibits a lawyer from collecting an unreasonable fee. Respondent’s exception is

again based on her contention that she spent over nineteen hours working on Ardon’s case.

Pursuant to Rule 1.5(a)(4) a factor to be considered for determining the reasonableness of
                                            32
the fee is the “amount involved and the result obtained [.]” We have found violations of

1.5(a) when a lawyer continually fails to file for any meaningful relief on behalf of the

client. See Attorney Grievance Comm’n of Maryland v. Lewis, 437 Md. 308, 321, 85 A.3d
865, 873 (2014). As in Ardon’s representation, a fee is unreasonable where Respondent

filed nothing on the client’s behalf.

                                        Exception Twelve
       Respondent excepts to the hearing judge’s conclusion that she violated Rule 1.15

involving safekeeping property. Rule 1.15(a) requires that client funds be held in a trust

account, part (c) does not allow withdrawal of those funds unless the client gives written

informed consent, and part (d) requires a lawyer to return any monies the client is entitled

to receive. In both Escalante’s and Ardon’s cases, Respondent failed to hold the clients’

funds in an attorney trust account, in violation of Rule 1.15(a). Respondent had not earned

such fees when paid, nor did she have the clients’ informed consent, in writing, to avoid

the use of her trust account, in violation of 1.15(c).       In violation of Rule 1.15(d),

Respondent never returned Ardon’s $185 fingerprint and biometrics fee after terminating

the representation. We find clear and convincing evidence that Respondent violated Rule

1.15(a), (c), and (d).

                                        Exception Thirteen
       Respondent asserts that she did not violate Rule 1.16. Rule 1.16(d) requires a lawyer

to surrender the client’s papers and property at the termination of a representation.

Respondent violated Rule 1.16(d) by failing to forward Escalante’s documents to him or

                                               33
his new attorney after Swafford’s repeated phone calls and requests.          Additionally,

Respondent violated Rule 1.16(d) when she terminated Ardon’s representation, but did not

return the $185 filing fees.

                                   Exception Fourteen

       Respondent disputes the conclusion that she violated Rule 3.3. Rule 3.3(a)(1)

requires that a lawyer shall not knowingly “make a false statement of fact or law to a

tribunal….” Respondent argues that her statement to the immigration court that Escalante

did not appear for the November 26, 2013, hearing because of transportation-related issues,

is supported by the evidence, including Escalante’s testimony that he had car troubles in

the past. As explained supra, Respondent advised the immigration court that Escalante

did not appear due to car problems, despite receiving a text message from Escalante that

he did not know he was due in court that day.

                                    Exception Fifteen
       Respondent excepts to the hearing judge’s conclusion that she violated Rule 8.4,

parts (a) and (c). Rule 8.4(a) establishes that it is professional misconduct to violate the

MLRPC, and Rule 8.4(c) prohibits conduct involving “dishonesty, fraud, deceit or

misrepresentation[.]” For the reasons that Respondent violated the above discussed

sections of the MLRPC, she violated Rule 8.4(a). Closely linked to the reasoning that

Respondent violated Rule 3.3, she violated Rule 8.4(c). Respondent misrepresented the

underlying reason why Escalante did not appear in court for the November 26, 2013,

hearing, when she told the court that his car broke down over an hour away, as opposed to
                                             34
the fact that he did not know that he needed to appear in court that day, as he wrote in his

text message to Respondent.

                                      Exception Sixteen
       In this exception, Respondent disputes that she violated former Maryland Rules 16-

604 and 16-601.1. As explained supra, each of these rules respectively requires client

funds be held in a trust account, and that records of the trust account be maintained.

Respondent alleges that she earned the attorney’s fees in both matters before or soon after

the payments were made. She concedes that failing to hold these funds in a trust account

was a violation of Rules 16-604 and 16-601.1, but maintains that these were de minimis

technical violations. Respondent did not hold either client’s fees in an attorney trust

account or maintain records of her attorney trust account as required by the Maryland

Rules. Thus, we find by clear and convincing evidence a violation of former Rules 16-604

and 16.601.1.

                             Exceptions Seventeen and Eighteen
       In Exception Seventeen, Respondent objects to the hearing judge’s findings of

multiple aggravating factors. In Exception Eighteen, Respondent proposes that the hearing

judge should have found additional mitigating factors.                We categorically reject

Respondent’s proposition that additional mitigating factors should have been found, and

conclude that clear and convincing evidence exists to support findings of aggravating

factors two, three, four, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, and twelve.

                                              35
                                 Petitioner’s Exception
       Petitioner takes exception to the hearing judge’s finding that Respondent did not

violate MLRPC 8.4(d) by engaging in conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice.

Specifically, the hearing judge found that “[Respondent’s] conduct in both the Escalante

and Ardon matters was prejudicial to the individual clients, but no evidence was produced

that it had wider consequences likely to impair public confidence in the profession, impact

the image of the legal profession or engender disrespect for the court.” Petitioner asserts

that this finding was contrary to the Court’s holding in Attorney Grievance Commission of

Maryland v. Basinger, 441 Md. 703, 109 A.3d 1165 (2015). In Basinger, the Attorney

Grievance Commission similarly excepted to a finding that the attorney did not violate

MLRPC 8.4(d). Id. at 711, 109 A.3d at 1170. Basinger was retained by a client, who was

also his sister-in-law, Rosina Keys (“Keys”). Id. at 706, 109 A.3d at 1167. In his capacity

as her attorney, Basinger sent letters to Keys in which he called her multiple derogatory

terms and accused her of being responsible for causing her grandson’s death. Id. at 713,

109 A.3d at 1170. This Court applied an objective standard, examining whether “a

reasonable member of the public could well look askance at an arrangement…and not the

subjective standard of whether the lawyer’s conduct actually impacted the public and/or a

particular person (e.g., a complainant) who is involved with the attorney discipline

proceeding.” Id. at 716, 109 A.3d at 1172–73 (internal quotations and citations omitted).

       Respondent asks us to overrule Petitioner’s exception. Respondent posits that the

hearing judge did not misapply the holding in Basinger, and her conduct did not have wider

                                            36
consequences beyond her two clients. We disagree that an application of the Basinger’s

objective standard merits such a result. A reasonable member of the public could impute

Respondent’s continued failures to diligently represent her two clients to a failure of the

legal profession at large.    Four key factors are critical to our consideration.       First,

Respondent continually failed to appear on behalf of Escalante and Ardon during their

immigration hearings. The clients never agreed to be represented by the substitute attorney,

Yates, who knew nothing about either client’s matter and could not diligently pursue their

interests. Second, when Escalante was taken into DHS custody because of Respondent’s

repeated failure to inform Escalante when he was required to appear, Respondent collected

a fee to reopen his matter, which she never did. Third, Respondent falsely informed the

immigration court that Escalante did not appear because of car troubles, when in reality

Escalante did not appear because he was not informed of his court date.               Fourth,

Respondent collected payments and documents from Ardon and filed for no relief

whatsoever on her behalf.

       The public must be able to trust that when utilizing a lawyer’s service, the lawyer

will appear on their behalf when required and pursue the appropriate remedies. See

Attorney Grievance Comm’n of Maryland v. Walker-Turner, 428 Md. 214, 232, 51 A.3d
553, 564 (2012) (opining “an attorney plays such an integral role in the judicial process

that without his presence the wheels of justice must, necessarily, grind to a halt[]”).

Contrary to the hearing judge’s determination, we find that Respondent’s various failures

to appear for her clients and actively pursue results in their matters certainly disparage the
                                             37
image of the legal profession. As such, we sustain Petitioner’s exception and conclude that

Respondent violated MLRPC 8.4(d).

                                        SANCTION
       Upon our de novo review of the record before us we hold that Respondent violated

MLRPC 1.1, 1.3, 1.4(a) and (b), 1.5, 1.15(a), (c), and (d), 1.16(d), 3.3(a)(1), and 8.4(a), (c),

and (d). Respondent additionally violated former Maryland Rules 16-604 and 16-606.1.

We find the following aggravating factors: a dishonest or selfish motive; a pattern of

misconduct; multiple violations of the MLRPC; submission of false evidence, false

statements, or other deceptive practices during the attorney discipline proceeding; a refusal

to acknowledge the misconduct’s wrongful nature; the victim’s vulnerability; substantial

experience in the practice of law; indifference to making restitution or rectifying the

misconduct’s consequences; and likelihood of repetition of the misconduct. We also note

two mitigating factors: the absence of prior attorney discipline and positive character or

reputation.

       Former Maryland Rule 16-759(c) provides that “[t]he Court of Appeals may order

(A) disbarment, (B) suspension, (C) reprimand, (D) inactive status, (E) dismissal of the

disciplinary or remedial action, or (F) a remand for further proceedings.” Petitioner

requests disbarment, and naturally, Respondent requests a lesser sanction. Respondent

recommends that she be required to attend trainings concerning sound practice

management as a solo practitioner. She recommends that any sanction be designed to

improve her practice of law, not simply to punish her.
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       When fashioning a sanction for attorney misconduct, we are mindful that a

sanction’s primary purpose is to protect the public from the attorney’s misconduct.

Basinger, 441 Md. at 720, 109 A.3d at 1175. In Attorney Grievance Commission of

Maryland v. Thomas, 440 Md. 523, 558, 103 A.3d 629, 649 (2014), we noted that

“[d]isbarment is warranted in cases involving flagrant neglect of client affairs,” and

particularly considered the vulnerable nature of an immigration client’s status. In Thomas,

we determined disbarment was the appropriate remedy when the attorney failed to respond

in a client’s matter, and failed to appear at an immigration hearing, resulting in the client’s

removal from the United States. Id. Respondent’s clients, both citizens of other countries,

with a poor grasp of the English language, comprise a particularly vulnerable class of

people. Such clients wholly rely on their lawyer’s expertise and assurances that the lawyer

is working in their best interest. Respondent’s clients were a part of a group easily

susceptible to abuse. As such, Respondent’s conduct merits disbarment.

                                                   IT IS SO ORDERED; RESPONDENT
                                                   SHALL PAY ALL COSTS AS TAXED
                                                   BY THE CLERK OF THIS COURT,
                                                   INCLUDING COSTS OF ALL
                                                   TRANSCRIPTS, PURSUANT TO
                                                   MARYLAND RULE 19-709(d), FOR
                                                   WHICH SUM JUDGMENT IS
                                                   ENTERED IN FAVOR OF THE
                                                   ATTORNEY           GRIEVANCE
                                                   COMMISSION AGAINST ANNA G.
                                                   AITA.

                                              39