Court Opinion

ID: 3158617
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-11-30 17:00:58.852228+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:00:15.105018
License: Public Domain

Case: 15-12589    Date Filed: 11/30/2015   Page: 1 of 4

                                                           [DO NOT PUBLISH]

              IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                       FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                         ________________________

                               No. 15-12589
                           Non-Argument Calendar
                         ________________________

                     D.C. Docket No. 0:14-cr-60316-JIC-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                                 Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                    versus

KENNY BLANC,

                                                            Defendant-Appellant.

                         ________________________

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Southern District of Florida
                        ________________________

                              (November 30, 2015)

Before MARCUS, WILSON and ROSENBAUM, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

      Kenny Blanc appeals his 180-month sentence, imposed below the guideline

range, after he was convicted of conspiring to commit Hobbs Act robbery, in

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1951, and carrying a firearm during the commission of a
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crime of violence or a drug trafficking crime, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §

924(c)(1)(A). On appeal, Blanc argues that his guidelines were miscalculated

because the district court improperly concluded that he was a career offender under

U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1. After thorough review, we affirm.

      We review de novo the district court’s decision to classify a defendant as a

career offender under § 4B1.1. United States v. Gibson, 434 F.3d 1234, 1243

(11th Cir. 2006). A prior panel’s holding is binding precedent on all subsequent

panels unless or until it is overruled while we are sitting en banc, or until the

precedent is overruled by the Supreme Court. United States v. Jordan, 635 F.3d
1181, 1189 (11th Cir. 2011).

      A defendant is a career offender if, among other things, he has at least two

prior felony convictions for either a crime of violence or a controlled substance

offense.   U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(a).      This case involves prior convictions for a

“controlled substance offense,” which

      means an offense under federal or state law, punishable by imprisonment for
      a term exceeding one year, that prohibits the manufacture, import, export,
      distribution, or dispensing of a controlled substance (or a counterfeit
      substance) or the possession of a controlled substance (or a counterfeit
      substance) with intent to manufacture, import, export, distribute, or dispense.

Id. § 4B1.2(b). Florida law punishes the sale, manufacture, delivery, or possession

with intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver, of cocaine as a second-degree felony,

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punishable for a prison term of up to 15 years. See Fla. Stat. §§ 893.13(1),

775.082(3)(d).

      We have previously decided that a prior conviction under § 893.13(1) is a

“controlled substance offense” under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(b). United States v. Smith,

775 F.3d 1262, 1267-68 (11th Cir. 2014), cert. denied, 135 S. Ct. 2827 (2015). In

Smith, we rejected the argument that a predicate offense, as defined in § 4B1.2(b),

requires mens rea, noting that neither Congress nor the Sentencing Commission

had called for a mens rea requirement in the prior offenses. Id. at 1267.

      Here, the district court did not err in concluding that Blanc’s prior

convictions qualified as “controlled substance offenses” under § 4B1.2(b) and that,

therefore, he qualified as a career offender. See id. at 2165-68. Despite Blanc’s

current objections, we’ve squarely held that a mens rea element is not required

under § 4B1.2(b) to conclude that a prior conviction is a predicate offense. See id.

at 1267-68. Nor have we incorrectly defined a “controlled substance offense,”

since the 1988 definition in § 4B1.2(b) was significantly distinct from the more

recent definition used in calculating Blanc’s guidelines. See id. at 1267-68.

      We are also unpersuaded by Blanc’s reliance on McFadden v. United States,

135 S. Ct. 2298 (2015), and Elonis v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2001 (2015). In

McFadden, the Supreme Court construed the language of the Controlled Substance

Analogue statutes themselves. See id. at 2304-05. Similarly, while the Supreme

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Court opined in Elonis that omission of mens rea from a criminal statute does not

eliminate a mens rea requirement, Elonis dealt with a different category of criminal

offenses and concerned the elements of proof necessary for a conviction. See id. at

2008-12. Notably, neither McFadden nor Elonis involved the construction of the

sentencing guidelines in relation to predicate offenses where the prior conviction

explicitly did not require a mens rea element. See Fla. Stat. § 893.13; U.S.S.G. §

4B1.2. Thus, neither this Court nor the Supreme Court has overturned Smith, and

we affirm Blanc’s sentence.

      AFFIRMED.

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