Court Opinion

ID: 1056869
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 21:16:49.430372+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:19:15.975202
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT NASHVILLE
                                   August 11, 2004 Session

             STATE OF TENNESSEE v. RANDAL TODD KEMPER

                    Appeal from the Criminal Court for Lawrence County
                             No. 24064  Stella Hargrove, Judge

                  No. M2004-00219-CCA-R3-CD - Filed September 30, 2004

The defendant, Randal Todd Kemper, was convicted of driving under the influence. The trial court
imposed a sentence of eleven months, twenty-nine days, with all but forty days suspended. In this
appeal of right, the defendant complains that the trial court erroneously admitted the results of his
blood alcohol test because the accompanying certificate bore a rubber-stamped signature. The
judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

                  Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Judgment of the Trial Court Affirmed

GARY R. WADE, P.J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which NORMA MCGEE OGLE and
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER , JJ., joined.

John S. Colley, III, Columbia, Tennessee, for the appellant, Randal Todd Kemper.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General & Reporter; Elizabeth B. Marney, Assistant Attorney General;
and Jim White, Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                            OPINION

      The defendant’s statement of the evidence pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Appellate
Procedure 24(c), verified by the state as accurate, provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

                Lawrenceburg [P]olice [O]fficer Trac[]y Odom stopped [the defendant] early
       in the morning on August 10, 2002 based on a report that occupants of a vehicle
       similar to [the defendant’s] had been involved in a fight in at a local convenience
       store. . . .
                Officer Odom testified at trial that [the defendant] had passed one field
       sobriety test (the ABCs), had failed another (heel-to-toe test), and neither passed nor
       failed a third test (one legged stand). . . .
                Officer Odom testified [the defendant] had the odor of an intoxicant about his
        person, and was under the influence of an intoxicant to the point he should not have
        been driving.
                After Officer Odom testified that a blood sample was taken from [the
        defendant] and sent off to be analyzed, [the defendant] objected to the admission of
        the blood test results or any testimony about the results by Officer Odom. The jury
        was excused, and [the defendant] pointed out that the blood test results were not
        properly certified so as to render them admissible under state statute without a
        foundation from the appropriate lab technician. The [s]tate agreed that the
        certification on the results appeared to bear a stamp and not an original signature.
        The trial court overruled [the defendant’s] objection, the jury was brought back in,
        and Officer Odom testified that [the defendant’s] blood alcohol level was .12. . . .

       In this appeal, the defendant contends that the trial court erred by admitting evidence of his
blood alcohol test results because the written TBI “Official Alcohol Report” offered by the state
through Officer Odom bore a rubber-stamped signature in the place of Lanny Wilder, the designated
representative of the TBI Director. The defendant has presented no other objections to the certificate
and does not challenge the signature of Kelly Hopkins, the special agent who performed the analysis
and generated the report.

        Initially, the admissibility of evidence is a matter within the trial court’s discretion and will
not be reversed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion. State v. Harris, 839 S.W.2d 54, 66 (Tenn.
1992). The stipulated record does not, however, include the basis for the trial court’s ruling.
Because the statement of the evidence fails to include any of the rationale underlying the trial court’s
determination, it is difficult to review the issue on an abuse-of-discretion standard. Typically, it is
the duty of the appellant to prepare a complete and accurate record on appeal. Tenn. R. App. P.
24(b). The failure to prepare an adequate record for review of an issue often results in a waiver of
that issue. Thompson v. State, 958 S.W.2d 156, 172 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997).

       Because our preference is to address the merits of the claim whenever possible, our analysis
begins with Tennessee Code Annotated section 55-10-410, the statute under which the blood alcohol
report was admitted into evidence, provides, in part, as follows:

                (b) Upon receipt of a [blood] specimen forwarded to the director’s office for
        analysis, the director of the Tennessee bureau of investigation shall have it examined
        for alcohol concentration or for the presence of narcotic or other drugs, if requested
        by the arresting officer, county medical examiner, or any district attorney general.
        The chief medical examiner or the medical examiner’s duly appointed representative
        shall execute a certificate which indicates the name of the accused, the date, time and
        by whom the specimen was received and examined, and a statement of the alcohol
        concentration (or presence of drugs) of the specimen.
                                            *      *       *

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                (d) The certificate provided for in this section shall, when duly attested by the
        director of the Tennessee bureau of investigation or the director’s duly appointed
        representative, be admissible in any court, in any criminal proceeding, as evidence
        of the facts therein stated, and of the results of such test, if the person taking or
        causing to be taken the specimen and the person performing the test of such specimen
        shall be available, if subpoenaed as witnesses, upon demand by either party to the
        cause, or, when unable to appear as witnesses, shall submit a deposition upon
        demand by either party to the cause.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 55-10-410(a), (d).

         Citing State v. Hughes, 713 S.W.2d 58 (Tenn. 1986), the state argues that by failing to call
the testing scientist as a witness at trial, the defendant has waived any objection to the admissibility
of the report. In Hughes, the defendant contended that the trial court’s admission of the blood
alcohol test report through the arresting officer violated his confrontation rights. See Crawford v.
Washington, ___ U.S. ___, 124 S. Ct. 1354 (2004) (general historical discussion of Confrontation
Clause). This court agreed and reversed the DUI conviction. Our supreme court disagreed, however,
ruling that admission of the report was proper pursuant to section 55-10-410:

                 We hold that the Legislature intended to avoid any confrontation violation by
        providing that the admissibility of the test results are dependent upon the presence
        of the laboratory technician who performed the test, if subpoenaed by either party,
        and that it is implicit in the statute that the lab technician is the State's witness,
        whether subpoenaed or called to the stand by the State or the accused. It follows that
        the lab technician may be subpoenaed by the accused at the State's expense and called
        to the stand and cross examined as a hostile witness where the State does not elect
        to do so. However, we affirm the holding of [State v. ]Robbins[, 512 S.W.2d 265
        (Tenn. 1974),] that the accused waives the right of confrontation if the laboratory
        technician is not subpoenaed, or not called to the witness stand by either party.

Hughes, 713 S.W.2d at 62. The rule in Hughes controls. The defendant has waived any right of
confrontation by his failure to subpoena Kelly Hopkins, the TBI testing scientist, as a witness at trial.

       Further, under Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 12(b), the complaint about the rubber-
stamped signature is the very kind of issue that should be presented prior to trial or will otherwise
be considered waived. In his argument on the merits, the defendant relies on State v. Henderson, 554
S.W.2d 117 (Tenn. 1977), in which our high court held that the admission of toxicology results
through a witness who neither supervised nor independently tested the substances violated the
defendant’s right of confrontation. As our supreme court specifically pointed out in Hughes,
however, section 55-10-410(d), which affords the defendant the opportunity to cross-examine if he
elects to do so, remedies the constitutional infirmity recognized in the older, 1977
Henderson decision. 713 S.W.2d at 60. Here, the defendant does not contend that Lanny Wilder

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was not the officially designated representative of the Director of the TBI and does not insist that his
presence was necessary for trial. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 38-6-107, 55-10-410(d).

       In O’Dell v. City of Knoxville, 388 S.W.2d 150 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1964), the defendant, who
had been convicted of driving under the influence, contended that the charging warrant was invalid
because it bore a rubber-stamped signature by the city judge. On appeal, the defendant’s conviction
was affirmed:

        This assignment [of error] is based upon the fact the warrant has a facsimile of the
        signature of Chas. G. Kelly, City Judge, stamped upon it. There is no proof in the
        record the City Judge had not adopted the facsimile as his signature. Nor is there any
        proof he did not himself stamp his facsimile signature to the warrant. That being
        true, the presumption is he had adopted the same as his signature and did stamp the
        warrant himself.

Id. at 151-52. Likewise, there is nothing to contradict the implicit adoption of the facsimile by Lanny
Wilder as his signature. Under these circumstances, the reasonable inference is that his signature,
as stamped, was authorized by the Director of the TBI.

        Accordingly, the judgment is affirmed.

                                                        ___________________________________
                                                        GARY R. WADE, PRESIDING JUDGE

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