Court Opinion

ID: 2970733
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-22 16:20:49.83608+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:43:20.178318
License: Public Domain

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21
                  3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH                         8QLWHG6WDWHVY2j0DOOH\               1RV
      (/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU
                  )LOH 1DPH DS
                                                                                             BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6                                                                   23,1,21
                                                                                             BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
                   )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7
                     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB                                    3(5 &85,$0  'HIHQGDQW .HOOL 2j0DOOH\ DSSHDOV KHU
                                                                       VHQWHQFHVIURPWZRVHSDUDWHGLVWULFWFRXUWVXSRQKHUSOHDVRI
 81,7(' 67$7(6 2) $0(5,&$       ;                                     JXLOW\WRFKDUJHVRIFRQVSLULQJWRVWHDOILUHDUPVIURPIHGHUDOO\
                                                                      OLFHQVHGILUHDUPVGHDOHUVLQYLRODWLRQRI86&DQG
           3ODLQWLII$SSHOOHH                                         WKH VXEVWDQWLYH FKDUJH RI WKHIW RI ILUHDUPV IURP D OLFHQVHG
                                  
                                      1RV               ILUHDUPV GHDOHU LQ YLRODWLRQ RI  86&  X LQ WKH
           Y                                                         (DVWHUQ 'LVWULFW RI .HQWXFN\ DQG WKH FKDUJH RI UHFHLSW RI
                                   !                                   VWROHQILUHDUPVVKLSSHGLQLQWHUVWDWHFRPPHUFHLQYLRODWLRQRI
                                                                      86&MDQGDLQWKH6RXWKHUQ'LVWULFWRI
 .(//, 2j0$//(<                                                      2KLR6KHZDVVHQWHQFHGWRDWHUPRIWKLUW\VHYHQPRQWKVLQ
         'HIHQGDQW$SSHOODQW                                         WKH (DVWHUQ 'LVWULFW RI .HQWXFN\  7KH FRXUW HQKDQFHG KHU
                                 1                                     EDVHRIIHQVHOHYHOXQGHU866*.DRQWKHHUURQHRXV
  $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUWVIRUWKH                FRQFOXVLRQWKDWRQHRIWKHILUHDUPVWDNHQLQWKHEXUJODU\ZDV
     (DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI.HQWXFN\DW/H[LQJWRQDQG                     DQ LOOHJDO VHPLDXWRPDWLF 1RULQFR DVVDXOW ZHDSRQ  $IWHU
       WKH6RXWKHUQ'LVWULFWRI2KLRDW&LQFLQQDWL                    EHLQJVHQWHQFHGLQ.HQWXFN\VKHZDVWKHUHDIWHUVHQWHQFHGLQ
   1RVn.DUO6)RUHVWHU&KLHI                     WKH6RXWKHUQ'LVWULFWRI2KLRWRWKLUW\PRQWKVFRQFXUUHQWZLWK
      'LVWULFWsXGJH6XVDQs'ORWW'LVWULFWsXGJH                  WKHSUHYLRXVVHQWHQFHIURPWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI.HQWXFN\
                                                                       %HFDXVHRIH[FXVDEOHHUURUVPDGHLQWKHHQKDQFHPHQWRIWKH
                    6XEPLWWHGsXO\                          VHQWHQFHV ZH YDFDWH KHU VHQWHQFHV IURP ERWK FRXUWV DQG
                                                                       UHPDQG WKH FDVHV WR WKH UHVSHFWLYH GLVWULFW FRXUWV IRU
                 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHGsXQH                      UHVHQWHQFLQJ

 %HIRUH6,/(5DQG*,/0$1&LUFXLWsXGJHV'21$/'                       2j0DOOH\ZDVLQYROYHGLQDFRQVSLUDF\ZLWKRWKHUVWRVWHDO
                     'LVWULFWsXGJH
                                  ILUHDUPV IURP JXQ GHDOHUV DQG WUDQVSRUW WKH ILUHDUPV LQ
                                                                       LQWHUVWDWHFRPPHUFH$WWKHWLPHRIWKHVHQWHQFLQJVLQERWK
                       BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB                               GLVWULFWFRXUWVWKHFRXUWVKDGEHHQLQIRUPHGE\WKHSUREDWLRQ
                                                                       RIILFHVDQGWKHSURVHFXWLRQWKDWRQHRIWKHZHDSRQVWDNHQLQ
                            &2816(/                                    DEXUJODU\LQ.HQWXFN\ZDVDQLOOHJDOVHPLDXWRPDWLF1RULQFR
                                                                       DVVDXOWZHDSRQSURKLELWHGXQGHU86&D$
21 %5,()  .HQQHWK 5 7D\ORU $66,67$17 81,7('                  7KDW ZHDSRQ ZDV WKH EDVLV IRU 2j0DOOH\jV VHQWHQFLQJ
67$7(6$77251(</H[LQJWRQ.HQWXFN\IRU$SSHOOHH                    HQKDQFHPHQWDVWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWVIRXQGWKDWWKHWKHIWDQG
                                                                       SRVVHVVLRQRIVXFKDQLOOHJDOILUHDUPZDVIRUHVHHDEOHE\WKH
                                                                       PHPEHUVRIWKHFRQVSLUDF\2QDSSHDOWKHDWWRUQH\VRQERWK
                                                                       VLGHVFRQWLQXHGWREHOLHYHWKDWWKHILUHDUPLQTXHVWLRQZDV
         
         7KH +RQRUDEOH %HUQLFH %RXLH 'RQDOG 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW    LOOHJDO  7KXV WKH LVVXH EHFDPH ZKHWKHU WKH WKHIW RI WKDW
sXGJH IRU WKH :HVWHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 7HQQHVVHH VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ   ILUHDUPIURPDOLFHQVHGGHDOHUZDVIRUHVHHDEOHWR2j0DOOH\
                                   
1RV               8QLWHG6WDWHVY2j0DOOH\          

,ILWZDVIRUHVHHDEOHWKHQWKHHQKDQFHPHQWDSSOLHGLIQRWWKH
HQKDQFHPHQWGLGQRWDSSO\
    7KH8QLWHG6WDWHVKDVQRZFRQFHGHGWKDWLWZDVLQHUURULQ
WKLV FDVH DQG WKH GHIHQVH DFFHSWV WKDW FRQFHVVLRQ  $OO
LQFOXGLQJWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWVDQGWKLVFRXUWRULJLQDOO\DFWHG
XQGHUWKHPLVDSSUHKHQVLRQWKDWWKHILUHDUPLQTXHVWLRQZDV
LOOHJDO,QVWHDGWKHSDUWLHVQRZFRQFHGHWKDWWKHZHDSRQLQ
TXHVWLRQLVD1RULQFR.DODVKQLNDYDZHDSRQZKLFKLVQRW
LOOHJDO SHU VH EXW LV OHJDO WR EX\ VR ORQJ DV LW ZDV
PDQXIDFWXUHG RU LPSRUWHG EHIRUH WKH EDQ DJDLQVW VXFK
ZHDSRQV6HH86&Y1DWLRQDO5LIOH$VVjQY
0DJDZ  )G  WK &LU  JUDQGIDWKHU
SURYLVLRQ SHUPLWV SRVVHVVLRQ RI VHPLDXWRPDWLF ZHDSRQV
ODZIXOO\SRVVHVVHGRQGDWHRIHQDFWPHQWRI&ULPH &RQWURO
$FW7KXVDQ\UHIHUHQFHLQRXUSULRURSLQLRQGHFODULQJWKDW
LW LV XQODZIXO IRU D SHUVRQ WR WUDQVIHU RU SRVVHVV D VHPL
DXWRPDWLF DVVDXOW ZHDSRQ LV YDFDWHG WR WKH H[WHQW LW LV
LQFRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKLVRSLQLRQ
  7KHUHIRUH WKH VHQWHQFHV LQ ERWK FDVHV DUH YDFDWHG DQG
WKHVHFDVHVDUHUHPDQGHGWRWKHUHVSHFWLYHGLVWULFWFRXUWVIRU
UHVHQWHQFLQJFRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKLVRSLQLRQ