Court Opinion

ID: 9954175
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-25 19:03:15.961248+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:11:52.427295
License: Public Domain

Filed 3/25/24 P. v. Salinas CA5

                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

            IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
                                     FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

    THE PEOPLE,
                                                                                             F086030
           Plaintiff and Respondent,
                                                                               (Super. Ct. No. VCF353719)
                    v.

    PEDRO SALINAS,                                                                        OPINION
           Defendant and Appellant.

                                                   THE COURT*
         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Tulare County. Antonio A.
Reyes, Judge.
         Audrey R. Chavez, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
         Rob Bonta, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Chief Assistant Attorney General,
Michael P. Farrell, Assistant Attorney General, Kimberley A. Donohue and Darren K.
Indermill, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
                                                        -ooOoo-

*        Before Hill, P. J., Detjen, J. and Smith, J.
                                      INTRODUCTION
       Defendant Pedro Salinas was resentenced on March 30, 2023, and now appeals the
criminal protective order issued by the trial court under Penal Code section 136.2.1
Defendant argues that the trial court lacked authority to issue: (1) a protective order
pursuant to section 136.2, subdivision (a), which only provides for pretrial protective
orders; (2) a posttrial protective order under section 136.2, subdivision (i) because the
court failed to make the necessary factual findings; and (3) a protective order as to I.C.
because the jury acquitted defendant of committing a crime against her. The People
concede that the protective order must be modified to exclude I.C. from its provisions,
but argue that section 136.2, subdivision (i) authorized the protective order as to
defendant’s other two victims and that defendant forfeited his right appeal the trial court’s
failure to make express findings even if required. Defendant requests that we adopt the
People’s proposed resolution to modify the protective order to exclude I.C. and agrees
that his remaining arguments are moot.
       We accept the parties’ agreement and will order the trial court to modify the
protective order it issued in this case to remove I.C. from its terms.
                             PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
       On June 12, 2019, after a four-day trial, a jury convicted defendant of forcible
lewd acts upon a child under 14 years of age (§ 288, subd. (b)(1); count 2), lewd acts
upon a child under 14 years of age (§ 288, subd. (a); counts 1, 3–6, 8, 14–15)2 aggravated
sexual assault of a child under 14 years of age by forcible sodomy (§ 269, subd. (a)(3);
count 9), forcible sodomy of a child 14 years of age or older (§ 286, subd. (c)(2)(C);
counts 10, 11), and forcible sexual penetration of a child 14 years of age or older (§ 289,

1      Undesignated statutory references are to the Penal Code.
2       Count 6 alleged an attempted lewd act upon a child under 14 years of age (§§ 664, 288,
subd. (a)). The jury acquitted defendant of count 7, lewd acts upon a child under 14 years of age
(§ 288, subd. (a)).

                                               2.
subd. (a)(1)(C); counts 12, 13).3 The jury found true the multiple victim circumstances
(§ 667.61, subds. (b), (e)) as to counts 2, 3, 14, and 15 and the allegations that defendant
had substantial sexual conduct with a child under 14 years of age (§ 1203.066,
subd. (a)(8)) as to counts 1 through 5, 8, 14, and 15.
       The trial court sentenced defendant to a total term of 122 years to life in prison,
including five separate terms of 15 years to life, pursuant to the “One Strike” law
(§ 667.61). After defendant appealed, we reversed his conviction on count 5, modified
the conviction on count 12 to assault of a person under 18 years of age with intent to
commit rape in violation of section 220, subdivision (a)(2), and remanded to the trial
court with instructions to resentence defendant and exercise its discretion to stay the
sentence on either count 8 or count 9 in accordance with section 654, as amended by
Assembly Bill No. 518 (Stats. 2021, ch. 441, § 1). (People v. Salinas (Apr. 25, 2022,
F079629) [nonpub. opn.].)
       On March 30, 2023, the trial court denied probation and resentenced defendant to
consecutive terms of 15 years to life on each of counts 2, 3, 9, 14, and 15, for a total
indeterminate term of 75 years to life. The trial court also sentenced defendant to a total
consecutive determinate term of imprisonment of 41 years4 and ordered defendant to pay
victim restitution and various other fines, fees, and assessments.

3      The victim of counts 1 through 13 was G.S.; the victim of counts 14 and 15 was M.C.;
and the alleged victim in count 16 was I.C., for which defendant was acquitted.
4       The trial court sentenced defendant as follows: six years on count 1; a consecutive one-
third term of two years on count 4; consecutive one-third terms of one year and two years on
counts 6 and 8, stayed pursuant to section 654; nine years on count 10; nine years on count 11;
seven years on count 12; and eight years on count 13. The determinate abstract of judgment,
filed on April 10, 2023, referred to an additional page that included the sentences on counts 12
and 13. However, this additional page was omitted from the August 11, 2023, September 13,
2023, and October 11, 2023 amended determinate abstracts of judgments in the supplemental
clerk’s transcripts.

                                                3.
       The trial court also prohibited defendant from visiting any child under the age of
18 years pursuant to section 1202.05 and reissued the criminal protective order as to all
three victims, including I.C., the victim of count 16 for which defendant was acquitted.
       Defendant timely appealed on March 30, 2023.
                                      DISCUSSION
       Section 136.2, subdivision (i)(1) provides that when a criminal defendant has been
convicted of a crime of domestic violence, the court shall consider issuing an order
restraining the defendant from any contact with the victim. In this case, as the People
concede, defendant was not convicted of the crime against I.C. charged in count 16.
While “victim” is defined as a natural person to whom there is reason to believe a crime
as defined under the laws of any state is being or has been perpetrated or attempted to be
perpetrated (§ 136, subd. (3)), the jury acquitted defendant of the crime against I.C., and
there was no evidence that I.C. was a victim of the crimes involving M.C. and G.S. for
which defendant was convicted. (See People v. Delarosarauda (2014) 227 Cal.App.4th
205, 211 [§ 136.2, subd. (i)(1) did not authorize the protective order for Delarosarauda’s
son and stepdaughter because they were not victims of the crime for which he was
convicted].)
       Because, under the plain language of section 136.2, subdivision (i)(1), a
postconviction protective order is limited to restraining the defendant from contact with a
victim of a crime (see People v. Delarosarauda, supra, 227 Cal.App.4th at p. 211), the
trial court erred by including I.C. in the postconviction protective order issued against
defendant.
                                      DISPOSITION
       The minor child identified as I.C. shall be deleted as a protected person under the
postconviction protective order. On remand, the trial court is directed to remove her
name from the protective order. As so modified, the judgment of conviction is otherwise
affirmed in its entirety.

                                             4.