Court Opinion

ID: 2648878
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-01-10 21:35:30.422541+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:55:11.935036
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT JACKSON
                        Assigned on Briefs September 10, 2013

           STATE OF TENNESSEE v. JOHN THOMAS HUMMONS
           IN RE: DANNY BLANKENSHIP BONDING COMPANY

                  Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County
                       No. 12-162     Donald H. Allen, Judge

               No. W2012-02033-CCA-R3-CO Filed - January 10, 2014

Appellant bonding company, Danny Blankenship Bonding Company, filed a petition for
exoneration of bond in the Madison County Circuit Court case of State v. John Thomas
Hummons, case number 12-162. The petition was denied by the trial court. In this
Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 10 appeal by the appellant, we reverse the ruling of
the trial court and remand with instructions for the trial court to enter an appropriate order
granting the petition to exonerate Appellant bonding company from the defendant’s bond.

Tenn. R. App. P. 10 Extraordinary Appeal; Judgment of the Circuit Court Reversed

T HOMAS T. W OODALL, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which J AMES C URWOOD
W ITT, J R. and D. K ELLY T HOMAS, J R., JJ., joined.

Joel H. Moseley, Sr., Joel H. Moseley, Jr., Murfreesboro, Tennessee; and Lee Richard
Sparks, Jackson, Tennessee, for the appellant/surety, Danny Blankenship Bonding Company.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Sophia S. Lee, Assistant Attorney
General; James G. Woodall, District Attorney General; and Shaun A. Brown, Assistant
District Attorney General, for the appellee, the State of Tennessee.

                                         OPINION

      On June 28, 2013, a panel of this court entered an order in this case which thoroughly
and adequately sets forth the facts and procedural history of this case. That order states as
follows:
                                   ORDER

       This matter is before the Court upon the State’s motion to dismiss
this appeal. The State contends that the trial court did not issue a final order
that is appealable pursuant to Rule 3, Tennessee Rules of Appellate
Procedure. The Appellant bonding company requests that this Court
consider the appeal as an extraordinary appeal pursuant to Rule 10,
Tennessee Rules of Appellant Procedure. The State concedes that the
appeal meets the requirements for an extraordinary appeal.

        The Defendant John Thomas Hummons was arrested and charged
with being a convicted felon in possession of a handgun. The Defendant’s
bond was set at $10,000, and the Appellant bonding company underwrote
the Defendant’s bond. The Defendant was indicted for the offense but
failed to appear for arraignment. The trial court declared a conditional
forfeiture on the appearance bond, issued a writ of scire facias to the
Appellant bonding company, and ordered that a capias issue for the
Defendant’s arrest.

        The Appellant bonding company filed a petition for exoneration of
liability in the trial court on the grounds that the Defendant was incarcerated
in the Cook County Jail in Chicago, Illinois, and that a hold or detainer had
been placed by the Madison County Sheriff’s Department. During a
hearing on August 27, 2012, an agent for the Appellant bonding company
informed the trial court that the Defendant was serving a sixteen-year
sentence in the Cook County Jail and that a detainer had been filed with the
detaining authority.

        At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court denied the petition
“at this point.” The trial court stated that the Appellant bonding company
had not fulfilled its obligation to produce the Defendant in the Madison
County [Circuit] Court or at the jail. The court further stated that “[a]t that
point then I would certainly consider granting you the exoneration, but until
you’ve fulfilled your obligation, I’m not going to grant your petition.” The
court declined to order the clerk to issue a final forfeiture “at this point.”
Rather, the court stated, “Well, I guess we’ll have to wait and see whether
or not in 16 years if the sheriff department decides to bring him back.
You’re not going to have to pay the full bond at this point, we’ll just show
it continued.” The trial court did not issue a written order.

                                      -2-
       On September 25, 2012, the Appellant bonding company filed notice
of appeal pursuant to Rule 3, Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure. The
State correctly states that the trial court did not issue a final judgment. Rule
3 provides for appeals as of right from final judgments. This Court,
however, may review an improperly filed Rule 3 appeal as an extraordinary
appeal pursuant to Rule 10, Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure. See
State v. Norris, 47 S.W.3d 457, 463 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2000).

       Rule 10 provides for the granting of an extraordinary appeal in the
discretion of the appellate court where “the lower court has . . . departed
from the accepted and usual course of judicial proceedings as to require
immediate review, or . . . if necessary for complete determination for the
action on appeal.” Tenn. R. App. P. 10. In State v. Willoughby, our
supreme court held that an extraordinary appeal should only be granted:

       (a) Where the ruling of the court represents a fundamental
       illegality.
       (b) Where the ruling constitutes a failure to proceed
       according to the essential requirements of the law.
       (c) Where the ruling is tantamount to the denial of either
       party of a day in court.
       (d) Where the action of the trial judge was without legal
       authority.
       (e) Where the action of the trial judge constituted a plain and
       palpable abuse of discretion.
       (f) Where either party has lost a right or interest that may
       never be recaptured.

State v. Willoughby, 594 S.W.2d 388, 392 (Tenn. 1980). The trial court’s
decision effectively leaves the matter open-ended until the Defendant serves
his sixteen-year sentence in Chicago. By denying the petition “at this time”
but declining to enter a final judgment, the trial court has deprived the
Appellant an appeal as of right pursuant to Rule 3. Under this criteria, we
conclude that the Appellant’s position is well-taken.

       IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED that the State’s motion to dismiss
is DENIED and that the Appellant bonding company’s request that this
Court consider the appeal as an extraordinary appeal pursuant to Rule 10 is
GRANTED.

                                      -3-
      The State concedes error by the trial court. Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-11-
201(b) and (c) provide as follows:

         (b) No forfeiture or conditional forfeiture of any appearance or bail bond
         shall be rendered in any case where a statement of a licensed physician is
         furnished the court showing that the principal in the bond is prevented from
         attending by some mental or physical disability; or where an affidavit of the
         jailer, warden or other responsible officer of a jail, workhouse or
         penitentiary in which the principal is being detained shall be furnished the
         court.

         (c) The appearance or bail bond shall remain in full force and effect until
         the principal is physically or mentally able to appear, or until a detainer
         against the principal is filed with the detaining authority. On the filing of
         a detainer, the bondsman and sureties shall remain liable for the expenses
         of returning the principal to his jurisdiction for trial when the principal is
         released by the detaining authority. If the detainer request is refused or if
         the detaining authority releases the principal notwithstanding the filing of
         the detainer, the surety shall not be liable in the undertaking. It shall be the
         duty of the bondsman or surety to present to the presiding court, in a timely
         manner, all appropriate documentation evidencing that the detainer was
         properly filed or refused, or that the detaining authority released the
         principal notwithstanding the filing of the detainer. The liability of any
         bondsman or surety shall not exceed the amount of the bail bond. After
         trial, however, if it is necessary to return the principal to the detaining
         authority in another jurisdiction, all expenses incurred in the return shall be
         paid by the state of Tennessee.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-11-201(b) and (c) (emphasis added).

        Clearly, from a plain reading of the statute, the petition should have been granted.
The State asserts that the order exonerating Appellate bonding company should also include
language that Appellant bonding company remains statutorily “liable for the expenses of
returning the principal to this jurisdiction for trial when the principal is released by the
detaining authority.” Appellant bonding company asserts this language of the continued
liability for expenses is not necessary in the order because the liability is statutorily required
but concedes the additional language is not objectionable.

      Accordingly, the ruling of the trial court on Appellant bonding company’s Petition to
Exonerate Surety is reversed. This matter is remanded to the trial court with instructions to

                                               -4-
enter an order granting Appellant bonding company exoneration of the bail bond in this case.
The order shall further state that Appellant bonding company shall remain liable for the
expenses of returning defendant John Thomas Hummons to the Madison County Circuit
Court for the purposes of trial or other disposition in case number 12-162 when defendant
is released by the detaining authority.

                                                  _________________________________
                                                  THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE

                                            -5-