Court Opinion

ID: 6690437
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-20 21:37:13.952893+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:01:05.725648
License: Public Domain

WHITING, J.
Plaintiff, the owner of a certain tract of real estate, entered into a contract with defendant Kaufman whereby, in consideration of $1,000 paid, the future payment of $5,000 and the giving of a note and mortgage for the balance of consideration, he covenanted and agreed to convey said land to Kaufman. Kaufman assigned said contract to the defendant Rardin. Subsequent to the date named in said contract for the payment of the $5,000 and giving of note and mortgage, plaintiff brought this action seeking to quiet title to the land, alleging ownership in himself, claim of title by the defendants under said contract, and that whatever rights defendants had had under such contract had been forfeited and terminated by their failure to comply with the terms thereof. Defendant Rardin answered, denying that he was in default, and, as a counterclaim, setting forth the contract; alleging that he had always 'been ready, able, and willing to comply with the terms thereof; setting forth facts which he alleged had prevented and excused his compliance therewith; and tendering performance. In this prayer for relief he asked for specific performance of the contract. To this answer a reply was interposed. When the cause was called for trial, defendant asked, and was allowed to amend his answer h}' withdrawing his tender of performance, and by changing his prayer for relief to one demanding judgment for the $1,000 that had been paid on the contract. This amendment was allowed; and plaintiff interposed) a demurrer. The demurrer was sustained; and defendant announced that he would stand upon his pleading. Kaufman was in default. Later on, and in the absence of Rardin’s counsel, the court received evidence in support of the complaint, and entered *135findings, conclusions, and judgment. Rardin appeals from the judgment.
[1] There would seem to be some confusion, on the face of the record, as to the scope of the demurrer interposed. The- demurrer itself purported to question the sufficiency of the answer both as a plea in defense and as a counterclaim; and the original judgment recites "and having sustained plaintiff’s- objections to the answer and counterclaim.” The real question presented by the demurrer was whether the covenants, upon the one side, to pay, and, upon the other, to convey, were dependent or -independent. If they were dependent, then, under the facts pleaded in the answer, respondent had no power to declare appellant’s rights under the contract forfeited; and appellant was entitled to the relief originally prayed for — specific performance. But, if respondent wrongfully sought to terminate the contract, -certainly appellant had the right to elect to treat the same as mutually abandoned and to recover the $1,000. There would thus 'be presented a situation analogous to that in Cleary v. Folger, 84 Cal. 3116, 24 Rae. 280, 18 Am. St. Rep. 187, wherein the court said:
"As both parties have failed to comply with their part of the agreement, and, as -we have seen, time being of the essence of the contract, the contract is at an end, the $900 remain in the hands of the defendant [plaintiff in present case] as money had and received from the plaintiff [defendant in this case], subject to be recovered by the plaintiff [defendant in- this: case].”
[2] Were the covenants dependent? The contract was identical, except as hereinafter noted, with that construed by this court in Ink v. Rohrig, 23 S. D. 548, 122 N. W. 594. We held the covenants therein dependent. But respondent urges that, because this contract contained a provision whereby it “was mutually agreed that time is an essential element in this contract,” the decision in that case is inapplicable to this contract. The only effect of such covenant was to place the burden upon each party of complying with his covenants promptly upon the date fixed (Weitzel v. Leyson, 23 S. D. 367, 121 N. W. 868); the dependency of their respective covenants was not affected -by the provision making time the essence of the contract. It follows that, if, as alleged by appellant, respondent did not tender the deed, appellant was never in default, and that, when respondent wrongfully sought *136to treat the contract as terminated, appellant had the right to treat such contract as wrongfully rescinded by respondent and to demand repayment, of all moneys that he had paid under same.
.The cause is remanded, with directions to the lower court to try out the issues, raised by the counterclaim, and, if such issues are found in favor of appellant, to modify its judgment by adding thereto a money judgment in favor of appellant.
■Costs shall be taxed in favor of appellant.