Court Opinion

ID: 4679071
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-04-20 20:00:35.94117+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:03:48.496056
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 20 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No.    20-30017

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                1:18-cr-00147-DLC-1
 v.

CHARLES EUGENE VENDITTI,                        MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant-Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Montana
                   Dana L. Christensen, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted April 16, 2021**
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: HAWKINS and McKEOWN, Circuit Judges, and PREGERSON,***
District Judge.

      Charles Eugene Venditti appeals his jury conviction for five counts related

to methamphetamine possession and distribution. The parties are familiar with the

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable Dean D. Pregerson, United States District Judge for
the Central District of California, sitting by designation.
facts, so we do not repeat them here. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1291, and we affirm.

      We review for plain error unpreserved claims of juror bias and other issues

raised for the first time on appeal. Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(b); United States v. Olano,

62 F.3d 1180, 1187–88, 1192 (9th Cir. 1995). Ineffective assistance of counsel

claims are reviewed de novo. United States v. Benford, 574 F.3d 1228, 1230 (9th

Cir. 2009).

      Venditti first contends that he was deprived of his right to an impartial jury.

See United States v. Olsen, 704 F.3d 1172, 1188–89 (9th Cir. 2013). He argues

that Juror 2 exhibited actual, implied, and McDonough-style bias. Id. at 1189.

Venditti further argues that Juror 2 poisoned the jury because she spent the first

day of trial with the other jurors and returned to the jury room on the second day of

trial until being dismissed. Because Venditti’s trial counsel did not raise a

challenge to this juror—and, in fact, agreed with the court and government that

Juror 2 should be excused after Juror 2 informed the court of her personal

knowledge of Venditti—we review for plain error. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(b);

Olano, 62 F.3d at 1187–88. Even assuming that Juror 2 was dishonest during voir

dire or biased, Venditti has not met his burden to establish that allowing the trial to

proceed affected the trial’s outcome and therefore that there was plain error: Juror

2 was excused and took no part in deliberations, and there is no evidence that she

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shared with other jurors the prejudicial information that she had about Venditti’s

criminal history. Cf. United States v. Mitchell, 568 F.3d 1147, 1154 (9th Cir.

2009) (“[W]here the evidence of juror bias is weak, and neither party challenged

the juror for cause, it is not error for the district court to allow the juror to serve at

trial.”). Any error does not rise to the level of structural error. See Olano, 62 F.3d

at 1189.

       Venditti also argues that he was denied his statutory and constitutional right

to be present at a critical stage of the trial due to his absence at the in-chambers

sidebar where Juror 2 was questioned. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 43(a); Campbell v.

Wood, 18 F.3d 662, 671 (9th Cir. 1994) (en banc). However, Venditti’s trial

counsel did not object to Venditti’s absence, and Venditti fails to point to anything

in the record indicating that he was actively denied presence at the sidebar—in

fact, on the morning of the first day of trial, the court advised Venditti that he was

“welcome to be present at sidebar” anytime unless Venditti chose to stay seated.

Even if conducting continued voir dire out of Venditti’s earshot contravened Fed.

R. Crim. P. 43(a)(2) and his constitutional right, here too Venditti fails to establish

prejudice under plain error review: it is unlikely that his presence would have

yielded any different result at sidebar and, in any case, Juror 2 was excused. See

Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(b); Olano, 62 F.3d at 1187–88; see also United States v. Reyes,

764 F.3d 1184, 1193 (9th Cir. 2014) (violation of Rule 43(a)(2) harmless where

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evidence of guilt is overwhelming). Venditti’s claim that his trial counsel would

have moved for a mistrial had Venditti voiced concerns about jury tainting during

the sidebar is best treated as a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel, which we

do not address here.

      Finally, Venditti argues that he was denied his right to effective assistance of

counsel because his trial counsel did not request his presence at sidebar or move

for a mistrial. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). We generally

review ineffective assistance of counsel claims on direct appeal only under two

extraordinary circumstances: when the record is sufficiently developed to permit

review of the issue, or when legal representation is so inadequate that it obviously

denies the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. Benford, 574 F.3d at 1231. Neither

of these circumstances is present here.

      AFFIRMED.

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