Court Opinion

ID: 7157284
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-24 16:12:58.118462+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:15:16.406002
License: Public Domain

Porter J.
delivered the opinion of the court. The plaintiff, as universal heir of the late Wm. Donaldson, claims from the defendant, a number of lots in the town of Don-aldsonville, which she alleges to be her property.
The defendant admits he is in possession of the land mentioned in the petition, but denies that the plaintiff has any right under the will of Donaldson.
He also sets up title under a purchase from Walker. Gilbert, who bought at a sale made by the sheriff of the parish of Ascension, under an execution or order of seizure bearing date the day of 1816, issued by the judge of said parish, for a duty legally assessed on said lands of six hundred and eighty dollars for the making a levee in front thereof on the Bayou Fourche.
And he pleads the prescription of three, five, and ten years. And prays that if he be evicted, the plaintiff shall be decreed to pay *142him two thousand five hundred dollars, the value of improvements put by him on the premises.
Several bills of exceptions were taken on the trial.
The first was to the introduction of Donaldson’s will in evidence. It was objected to on the following grounds:—
1. That it should have been signed by five witnesses, not including Livingston.
2. That it was not proved according to law nor ordered to be executed.
The will concludes in these words: ‘‘ which has been dictated by me to Edward Livingston, one of the witnesses thereof, written by him in my presence, and declared as my last will and testament, in the presence of the other witnesses, who have signed the same this 28th of August 1813, signed “William Donaldson. Acknowledged and delivered by the said testator to be his last will and testament in our presence,” signed, “George W. Dewees, Richard Relf, Benjamin Morgan, Edward Livingston, Waters Clark.”
By the provisions of the Old Code in force at the time this will was opened it is declared to suffice for the validity of a nuncupative act *143under private signature, that the testator, m , „ „ , the presence of five witnesses, “presents the paper on which he has written his testament, or caused it to be written out of their presence, declaring to them that that paper contained his last will.”
It is contended the will offered here is of no effect, because it does not appear that it was presented to all the witnesses at the same time, nor signed in presence of them, nor that the witnesses signed in presence of each other.
The proof on which the testament was admitted to probate consisted of the oath of three of the witnesses, who declared that it “was made at the instance and under the direction of the late Wm. Donaldson, deceased, at New Orleans, the 27th instant, is the same that the late William Donaldson caused to be written in his presence, by Mr. Edward Livingston, on the 28th August, anno domini, 1813, and also, that they recognized their signatures as well as that of the testator, given in their presence, at the foot of the said last will, and, which the said William Donaldson told them was such, his last will and testament, for the purpose therein mentioned.
The sentence of a court of probate, ordering the execution of a will, is prima facie evidence of its having been duly proved.
Whether in re-'deeds,t0 ns^the wiginaHo^e-da-livered up by the recording officer, a copy be evidence until the original be ao-counted for i— (¿Here.
*144The proof is literally that required by the 157th article of the Code for the admission of the will to probate. The whole proceedings by the court which ordered the execution of it appearsto be regular, and in conformity with law. The sentence therefore is prima facie at least binding on all persons. Whether it is not conclusive, may be doubted, but it is unnecessary to examine that question, for no proof was adduced on the trial to contradict the evidence on which the probate was granted.
There are four bills of exceptions taken by the plaintiff. The points of law presented by them, appear to us correctly decided by the judge in the first instance. There is only one of them which requires particular examination.
The bill of exceptions states that the defendant having introduced in evidence the deed of sale of the sheriff of the parish of Ascension, to Walker Gilbert, recorded in the book of records of sheriffs’ sales of the parish of Ascension, the plaintiff objected to its admission, &c. &c.
If the instrument offered was a copy, there was error in admitting it. The law in regard to sheriffs’ deeds supposes the original to be *145delivered up by the recording officer,and until it is accounted for, the copy is inferior evidence. But we cannot gather from the exception taken in this case, whether it was the original which had been recorded, or a copy from the record which was offered by the defendant. As it was the duty of the plaintiff to bring up the facts in such a manner as to enable us to decide whether there was error or not, she cannot have the cause remanded, or the decision of the court below overruled.
A sheriff's deed without a judgement confers no right.
if the records tice beTostfsec-“dy“ye received; pf^diTn^t exist cLten.tsmayhbe t^tímonyf paro1
The court below thought that the sheriff’s deed, -without a judgment did not support the defendant’s right to the land, and in that opinion we concur.
We are not to be understood in giving our assent to the conclusion of the judge below, to do so on one of the grounds on which its correctness has been assailed here. If the records of a court of justice be lost, we see no reason why, after their existence and loss are established, that the next best evidence which the nature of the case is susceptible of should not be received, and if written copies do not exist of them, the contents may be established by parol testimony. But for obvious reasons, this proof should be re*146ceived with great caution; and in the case . . . before us it is far from satisfactory. The keepers of the records in which the proceed-jngS shoui<j have been preserved, testify not only to the non-existence of any such suit among them, but they also declare that none such is found on the docket or minutes which have been kept of the legal proceedings in the parish. The sheriff recites in the conveyance that he sold by virtue of an order to him directed, without saying from what'court or judge that order emanated. None of the witnesses prove that a judgment or decree was regularly entered up. The parish judge comes nearer it than any other, and he goes no further than to swear “that he had the works advertised and sold at public sale according to law — that all the formalities required by law .were complied with.”
In decreeing the defendant to restore possession of the premises to the plaintiff, the court directs that, previous thereto, the latter should pay to the former six hundred and eighty dollars, the amount made out of the sale and applied to the payment of the testator’s debts, together with the sum of two *147thousand dollars, the value of the improvements made by the defendant on the land.
It is a sound of construction never to consider laws as applying to cases which arise previous to their passage, unless the legislature have declared such to be their intention.,
The first part of this direction was clearly correct and requires no observations from the court. The justice and legality of the other has been impugned principally on the ground that allowance was not made in favor of the plaintiff for the fruits made from the soil since the institution of the suit; at which time it is asserted he ceased to be in good faith. This position we think incorrect. The defendant entered into possession of the premises long before the passage of the law which made good faith cease with the institution of the suit. It is a sound rule of construction never to consider laws as applying to cases which arise previous to their passage, unless the legislature have in express terms declared such to be their intention. If that declaration had been made in this instance, a serious question would have arisen as to their power to do so. They have no right, perhaps, to add to the obligations or responsibilityVhich fiowed from the contract at the time the defendant made it, or abridge any of the rights which it conferred. At the time the defendant made the purchase and entered into pos*148session, he did so bona '(¡,de, and as a conse-J quence of his good faith he had a right to Biake the fruits his own, until his bad faith was established' by the law as it then stood. If he had a right then to contest a demand for the property with the privilege of making the fruits his own, it would seem that a subsequent law cannot change his responsibility, and say that he shall not exercise that right unless he loses the fruits. This case cannot be satisfactorily distinguished from that of Brown vs. Thompson, 6 M. n. s. 426.
Taking the defendant’s obligation to restore the ^fruits by the provisions of the Old Code, we think the sale from White to him made him a possessor in good faith, and we believe he continued so until the decision of the case in the district court.
We think the judgment below meets the • equity and justice of the case, and is supported by the evidence in relation to the value of the improvements.
It is therefore ordered, adjudged and decreed, that the judgment of the district court be affirmed with costs.