Court Opinion

ID: 7801845
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-18 22:02:31.79997+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:29:21.471275
License: Public Domain

NOTICE
                                                                                                  FILED
This Order was filed under               2022 IL App (4th) 210472-U                             August 18, 2022
Supreme Court Rule 23 and is                                                                     Carla Bender
not precedent except in the                      NO. 4-21-0472                               4th District Appellate
limited circumstances allowed                                                                      Court, IL
under Rule 23(e)(1).                    IN THE APPELLATE COURT

                                                 OF ILLINOIS

                                             FOURTH DISTRICT

      THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS,                          )   Appeal from the
                 Plaintiff-Appellee,                                )   Circuit Court of
                 v.                                                 )   Woodford County
      DAVID W. PRATHER,                                             )   No. 20CF114
                 Defendant-Appellant.                               )
                                                                    )   Honorable
                                                                    )   Charles M. Feeney III,
                                                                    )   Judge Presiding.

                      JUSTICE CAVANAGH delivered the judgment of the court.
                      Justices DeArmond and Turner concurred in the judgment.

                                                    ORDER
     ¶1      Held: (1) The recording of a telephone call in which defendant urged the protected party
                   to request the cancellation of an order of protection was a bad act uncharged in the
                   present case but nevertheless was relevant and admissible to prove defendant’s
                   knowledge of the order of protection.

                      (2) Given defendant’s extensive criminal history and the fact that he violated the
                      order of protection on four occasions, a prison term six months short of the statutory
                      maximum was not an abuse of discretion for violation of an order of protection, a
                      subsequent offense (720 ILCS 5/12-3.4(a)(1)(i) (West 2020)).

     ¶2               In the circuit court of Woodford County, a jury found defendant, David W. Prather,

     guilty of a single count of violating an order of protection, a subsequent offense (720 ILCS

     5/12-3.4(a)(1)(i) (West 2020)). The court sentenced him to imprisonment for 5½ years.

     ¶3               Defendant appeals on two grounds. First, he claims the circuit court admitted in

     evidence other bad acts by allowing the State to present evidence that he violated the order of

     protection not only on August 16, 2020, as charged in the present case, but also on August 15,
2020. See Ill. R. Evid. 404(a) (eff. Jan. 1, 2011). Second, defendant claims the sentence of 5½

years’ imprisonment is too severe.

¶4             We find no abuse of discretion in the circuit court’s evidentiary ruling or in the

length of the prison sentence. Therefore, we affirm the judgment.

¶5                                      I. BACKGROUND

¶6             On August 16, 2020, according to an indictment, defendant committed violation of

an order of protection, a subsequent offense (720 ILCS 5/12-3.4(a)(1)(i) (West 2020)), in that,

               “having been served with notice of the contents of an order of protection, 20-OP-61,

               issued on July 28, 2020, by the Circuit Court of Woodford County pursuant to the

               Illinois Domestic Violence Act [of 1986 (750 ILCS 60/101 et seq. (West 2020))],

               [he] did knowingly commit an act which was prohibited by the order of protection

               in that said defendant, through a third party, called Amanda Krutke, a protected

               party[,] and having been previously convicted of domestic battery on December 5,

               2019[,] in Woodford County Case 19-CM-88.”

¶7             On March 15, 2021, the circuit court held a pretrial hearing. The court noted that in

addition to the present case, which charged defendant with telephonically violating the order of

protection on August 16, 2020, a similar case was pending, Woodford County case No. 20-CF-113,

which charged him with telephonically violating the order of protection on August 15, 2020. Both

cases were set for a jury trial, and the court observed that no motion had been filed to try them

together. The prosecutor responded that because the dates of the offenses were different, he

intended to try the cases separately. Defense counsel, on the other hand, said it had been his

understanding that the two cases would be tried together. The court decided that since no motion

had been filed to consolidate the two cases for trial, the two cases would be tried separately.

                                                -2-
¶8             In the jury trial in this case, the first thing the prosecutor did, after opening

statements, was move to publish People’s exhibit No. 1 to the jury. This exhibit was the protective

order. Defense counsel objected because People’s exhibit No. 1 was not the document that was

served on his client.

¶9             In addition to People’s exhibit No. 1, the prosecutor explained, he intended to

present People’s exhibit No. 2, which was the copy of the protective order with the return filled

out that the serving police officer had faxed back to the prosecutor’s office. Parts of this faxed

copy were blurred and unreadable, whereas People’s exhibit No. 1 was a readable copy. Defense

counsel objected to the implication that that the copy of the order served on his client was

completely legible like People’s exhibit No. 1. “What copy is now being shown to the jury,”

defense counsel remarked, “is a readable copy, which would have been nice, but it never

happened.”

¶ 10           Even so, the circuit court observed, the State had to begin by proving that a

protective order containing a no-communication directive existed. People’s exhibit No. 1 tended

to so prove. Therefore, the court overruled defense counsel’s objection to People’s exhibit No. 1.

As for whether defendant was served a legible copy, the court added, “[t]hat’s going to be for the

jury to figure out.” Defense counsel said that, on that understanding, his concern was allayed.

Accordingly, when the jury returned to the courtroom, the court granted the prosecutor’s motion

to publish People’s exhibit No. 1. The court also admitted People’s exhibit No. 2 in evidence.

¶ 11           The State then called Derek Suttles. He testified he was a patrol deputy with the

Morgan County sheriff’s department and that on July 28, 2020, at Gateway Drug and Alcohol

Treatment Center (Gateway) in Jacksonville, Illinois, he served upon defendant an order of

protection. According to Suttles’s testimony, he read to defendant the order of protection—or at

                                               -3-
least the preprinted language that was checkmarked and any language the judge had written in—

and that at the completion of the reading he asked defendant if he had any questions. Suttles

identified People’s exhibit No. 4 as “a service card that is prepared for all of our order of

protections or civil services in general.” He testified he had watched defendant sign this service

card.

¶ 12           On cross-examination, defense counsel asked Suttles:

                         “Q. Officer Suttles, what documents did you serve on my client that date?

                         A. The order of protection packet.

                         Q. What does that consist of?

                         A. The order of protection that was issued by the judge of the issuing

               county.

                         Q. And how many pages is that?

                         A. They differ from county to county and from case to case.

                         Q. Well, I want to know in this county how many pages was that?

                         A. I don’t know. I don’t work for this county.”

¶ 13           To refresh Suttles’s memory, defense counsel handed People’s exhibit No. 2 to

Suttles, asking him if he recognized the document. Suttles acknowledged having seen the

document before. It consisted of 14 pages. Therefore, Suttles agreed, the document he served upon

defendant must have been 14 pages long. One part of People’s exhibit No. 2, Suttles further agreed,

was illegible—a “black box.”

¶ 14           Defense counsel asked him:

                         “Q. But you read him word for word as it’s printed on that Exhibit number

               2?

                                                 -4-
        A. I would have, sir, yes.

        Q. And you read it exactly that way?

        A. Yes.

        Q. Okay. Do you recall in this case specifically reading parts of it to my

client; is that correct?

        A. Yes, sir.

        Q. Okay. And you wouldn’t have changed or altered any parts of it, would

you?

        A. No, sir.

        Q. You would have read it word for word, correct?

        A. Yes, sir.

        Q. Did you tell my client—or do you recall at this time telling my client not

to communicate with any third parties?

        A. Yes. I would have told your client that.

        Q. How would you have told him that?

        A. That’s in the order, I believe.

        Q. Where in the order is it? Show me.

        A. I will have to look.

        Q. You—

        A. It’s a typical order of protection.

        Q. I didn’t say that. Where in the order is it? Just point it out for us.

        A. I don’t see it in this one.”

                                  -5-
¶ 15           On redirect examination, Suttles testified that when serving an order of protection,

he did not keep for his own records a copy of the order. People’s exhibit No. 2, he explained, was

“not the copy [he] actually read to [defendant].” Possibly, the blocks of text that were illegible in

People’s exhibit No. 2 were “more visible on the one [that Suttles] read to [defendant].” Suttles

testified that, in any event, whenever he served an order of protection, he always explained the

impermissibility of third-party communication with the protected party. “Every time I serve an

order of protection,” he said, “I explain to the respondent that they can’t have any third-party

contact, whether it be Facebook, through a brother, sister, cousin, extended relative, any social

media. I explain that to them each time.”

¶ 16           On recross-examination, defense counsel asked Suttles:

                       Q. Okay. So which is it? You give this—your litany, or you read it word for

               word?

                       A. I read it word for word whatever is on there in the printed, checked box,

               next to the checked box, along with what is written in by—I would assume every

               case the judge. And then I at the end of it say do not have any third-party contact.

               Because that seems to get most people jammed up, is the third-party contact.

                                                 ***

                       Q. So that’s something you always add; is that correct?

                       A. I feel it’s a safe thing to add, yes.”

¶ 17           The State next called Joshua Keim. He testified he was the deputy superintendent

of the county jail in Eureka, Illinois, and that he recognized defendant as “having been held in the

jail.” When defendant was in the jail, Keim became aware of an order of protection that had been

issued against defendant. Whenever an inmate was subject to an order of protection, Keim testified,

                                                 -6-
the jail had a “protocol”: “[w]e block phone calls, we block e-mails, video visits and stuff like

that.” The jail had a communications system that could be programmed to block calls from inmates

to protected parties. The system also recorded each inmate’s calls and video visits. Keim had

access to these recordings.

¶ 18           The prosecutor asked Keim:

                      “Q. Do you recall finding any phone calls in which the defendant had

               contact with the protected party in this case?

                      A. On 8-15 and 8-16. There’s three calls on 8-15—”

¶ 19           Defense counsel objected. Outside the jury’s presence, he explained his reason for

objecting:

                      “[Keim’s] answer was October 15th and October 16th, 2020 [sic]. We had

               a trial on the phone calls on October 15th, 2020 [sic], a couple months ago.

                      ***

                      I don’t think we should tell the jury he’s done it repetitively because the

               court split this case into two for some reason. I didn’t quite understand it. But I take

               it it was to restrict evidence. One case is one evidence, another case is the other

               evidence. You’re not going to mix the two.”

¶ 20           The circuit court disagreed it was the court that had split the cases. The court

explained, “Cases get filed. I have no control over how cases get filed. And until somebody asks

me to do something different, I don’t. But they are separate events.” The court then asked for the

prosecutor’s response to defense counsel’s objection.

¶ 21           The prosecutor began by correcting defense counsel, pointing out that the month

when defendant made the phone calls was August 2020, not October 2020. (Defense counsel

                                                -7-
agreed.) The prosecutor then made the following argument for the relevance of the phone calls that

defendant made on August 15, 2020:

               “[T]he August 15th phone calls clearly demonstrate that the defendant knew that

               there was an order of protection in place. In fact, on the August 15th phone calls he

               talks about her removing the order of protection. So it goes towards the knowledge

               element of whether he knew there was an order of protection in place or not.”

Thus, in the prosecutor’s view, the August 15, 2020, phone calls were relevant in that they tended

to prove defendant’s knowledge that an order of protection was in force.

¶ 22           The circuit court agreed with the prosecutor that the August 15, 2020, phone calls

were relevant for that purpose. The court ruled:

               “Then it’s admissible. If it goes to some issue that’s relevant in this case, it can be

               admissible. The question then becomes is it prejudicial, and is it substantially

               beyond what it should be prejudicial, and it’s not. It is—especially as to knowledge,

               which is the cornerstone of this case, is the issue of this case, is the defendant’s

               knowledge regarding him having contact. So I’m going to admit it.”

¶ 23           When the jury returned to the courtroom, the circuit court announced that defense

counsel’s objection was overruled. The prosecutor continued his direct examination of Keim:

                      “Q. Were you able to determine if there was any contact between the

               defendant and the protected party?

                      A. Yes.

                      Q. How were you able to determine that?

                      A. Through the video visit phone calls. On 8-15 there was three, and 8-16

               there was one.”

                                                -8-
¶ 24           Through the voice recognition system in the jail and because of Keim’s previous

contacts with defendant, Keim was able to recognize defendant’s voice in the video phone calls.

Likewise, from having “listen[ed] to video visits and phone calls,” Keim was able to recognize

Krutke’s voice in the recordings. Also, from “all the frequent contact that [defendant] has had with

[Krutke],” Keim was able to match Krutke’s voice to her face. The prosecutor asked Keim:

                       “Q. And is there any requirement for IDs or anything like that?

                       A. Yeah. They have to prove a valid picture and ID. Should be a driver’s

               license.

                       Q. Okay. And that’s to use the video visit system?

                       A. Correct.

                       Q. So you’ve listened to those phone calls on 8-15 and 8-16, and you were

               able to identify that [defendant] was on and Ms. Krutke was on; is that correct?

                       A. Correct.

                       Q. [And] there [were] other people on there?

                       A. Somebody named KiKi.

                       Q. Okay. And but the majority of the phone calls, who are they between?

                       A. [Defendant] and Ms. Krutke.”

¶ 25           Keim identified People’s exhibit No. 3 as audio recordings of the video phone calls

that defendant made from the jail on August 15 and 16, 2020. Thus, all the phone calls of August

15 and 16, 2020, were lumped together in People’s exhibit No. 3. The prosecutor moved to admit

People’s exhibit No. 3 in evidence. The circuit court asked defense counsel if he had any objection

to the admission of this exhibit. To decide whether he had an objection, defense counsel requested

to ask Keim a question. The court gave him permission. Defense counsel asked Keim:

                                               -9-
                     “Q. Are the recordings for August 15th or August 16th, or both?

                     A. Both.

                     MR. MORRIS: Okay. Knowing that answer I will object for the record.

              Thank you.

                     THE COURT: All right. Overruled. They’re admitted. Or it’s admitted. Do

              you wish to publish that?

                     MR. GIBSON [(PROSECUTOR)]: Oh, sorry, Judge. I would move to

              publish to the jury. I apologize.

                     THE COURT: Any objection to publishing it?

                     MR. MORRIS: Just my continuing objection. That’s all.

                     THE COURT: Okay. You may publish.

¶ 26          After People’s exhibit No. 3 was published (or played) for the jury, the prosecutor

asked Keim:

                     “Q. Who just said, ‘Hey, KiKi’?

                     A. [Defendant].

                     Q. Who was that just said hello, the female voice?

                     A. Amanda Krutke.

                     Q. *** Deputy Superintendent Keim, *** if phone calls are blocked, how

              did that phone call go through between [defendant] and Ms. Krutke?

                     A. Through a three-way call.

                     Q. And is that a—was that a way to get around the blocking on the system?

                     A. Yes.

                     Q. And at some point does it realize that it’s been worked around?

                                              - 10 -
                       A. Usually, like, after 12 or 17 minutes it blocks the call.

                       Q. If it—

                       A. If it recognizes it.

                       Q. Recognizes what?

                       A. Somewhere around it. Like, a three-way caller.

                                                 ***

                       Q. And, obviously, there at the end we heard a message from the Securis

               automated system. Was that what you were talking about as far as terminating for

               third-party calls?

                       A. Correct. It caught it.”

¶ 27           On cross-examination, defense counsel asked Keim:

                       “Q. And you know that if [inmates] make a third-party phone call that the

               charges are to the person they included in the phone call, correct?

                       A. Correct.

                       Q. Yeah. And so people without money elect to do that to communicate to

               their loved ones; is that correct?

                       A. I guess that could be correct, yes.

                       Q. Yeah. That way they don’t have to pay for the call?

                       A. Correct.”

¶ 28           After Keim’s testimony, the State rested. Defense counsel moved for a directed

verdict, arguing that Keim had made an inadequate identification of Krutke’s voice in the phone

calls. The circuit court denied the motion.

                                                 - 11 -
¶ 29           Defendant then took the stand in his own behalf. He testified that in July 2020,

when he was confined in the Woodford County jail, he was indeed served with the order of

protection. He further admitted being served with the order of protection a second time, when he

was in rehabilitative treatment at Gateway. But he did not recall Suttles’s reading the order of

protection to him. He just recalled Suttles’s asking him to sign it. His encounter with Suttles at

Gateway was brief, lasting only two or three minutes.

¶ 30           Defense counsel asked defendant:

                          “Q. Did [Suttles] ever tell you you couldn’t communicate with third parties?

                          A. No, he did not.

                                                  ***

                          Q. Did you ever go to court to learn about the order of protection?

                          A. No.

                          Q. Did you ever talk to a judge about it?

                          A. No.

                          Q. Now, so what did you rely upon in order to know what you could or

               could not do after the order of protection was served on you?

                          A. Just from what I could understand from reading the order of protection

               itself.”

¶ 31           Defense counsel then showed defendant People’s exhibit No. 2, asking defendant

if he had seen it “or any similar document” before. Defendant answered in the affirmative. It had

been served upon him. The trouble was, the defense pointed out, the order of protection contained

a grammatical error (which was present in People’s exhibit No. 1 as well). The order read,

“ ‘[R]espondent shall not have any communication petitioner [sic] and stay away from petitioner

                                                 - 12 -
at all times.’ ” Defendant admitted having communication with “petitioner,” that is, with Krutke,

but he testified it was unclear to him, from the order of protection, that he was forbidden to

communicate with her. “Well, basically, I mean, really it’s kind of misleading,” defendant claimed.

“It’s not very clear at all.”

¶ 32            The reason for the three-way calls, defendant explained, was merely to shift the

cost of the calls to his parents. Defense counsel asked him:

                        “Q. Okay. Now, when you—why did you make a third-party phone call to

                Amanda Krutke on August 15th and August 16th, 2020?

                        A. Because I didn’t have—I didn’t have the money to pay for the call. So I

                called my parents—I called my parents’ house so they could pay for the call.

                                               ***

                        Q. Now, did someone else prompt you to make the phone call, like your

                mother?

                        A. Yes.

                        Q. Okay. Was anyone or anything else informing you that—at any time that

                you could not communicate with Amanda Krutke?

                        A. No.”

¶ 33            On cross-examination, the prosecutor asked defendant:

                        “Q. So your contention is there is a word missing [in the sentence

                ‘Respondent shall not have any communication petitioner and stay away from

                petitioner at all times’]?

                        A. Correct.

                        Q. So that based on that one word missing you can’t tell what that means?

                                               - 13 -
                       A. Correct.

                       Q. Okay. During the course of your phone call that we heard with Ms.

               Krutke you instructed her to get rid of the order of protection; is that correct?

                       A. Correct.”

¶ 34           In its case in rebuttal, the State presented People’s exhibit No. 5, a certified copy

of a court record showing that within the last 10 years defendant was convicted of a felony. The

State thereby impeached him with a prior felony conviction.

¶ 35           The jury found defendant guilty of violating the order of protection on August 16,

2020, as charged.

¶ 36           The circuit court sentenced him to imprisonment for 5½ years, ordering that the

sentence would run concurrently with the five-year prison sentence previously imposed in

Woodford County case No. 20-CF-113 (the case pertaining to the August 15, 2020, phone calls).

¶ 37           Defendant moved for a reduction of the sentence in this case. He argued it was

unfair of the circuit court to sentence him to a prison term six months longer than the prison term

imposed in the other case, considering that the phone call he made in this case was little different

from the phone calls he made in the other case.

¶ 38           The circuit court was unpersuaded by defendant’s argument. The court reasoned:

               “I think it is a worse situation to continue to commit felony offenses. So if you

               commit a felony offense on day one and then you turn around on day two and

               commit another felony offense, I think that’s worse. When they’re the same exact

               offense against the same exact victim, it is worse. And so the motion to reconsider

               the sentence is denied.”

¶ 39           This appeal followed.

                                               - 14 -
¶ 40                                      II. ANALYSIS

¶ 41                          A. The August 15, 2020, Phone Calls

¶ 42           Under Illinois Rule of Evidence 404(a) and (b) (eff. Jan. 1, 2011), propensity

evidence is generally inadmissible. In other words (with some statutory exceptions inapplicable to

this case), “[e]vidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of

a person in order to show action in conformity therewith.” Ill. R. Evid. 404(b) (eff. Jan. 1, 2011).

Defendant maintains that evidence of the August 15, 2020, phone calls was inadmissible

propensity evidence, the purpose of which was to suggest (1) it was in his character to disobey an

order of protection and (2) on August 16, 2020, he acted in conformity with that character. See id.

¶ 43           But a defendant’s commission of other, uncharged bad acts can have relevance

beyond proof of character. Illinois Rule of Evidence 404(b) (Jan. 1, 2011) provides that evidence

of other bad acts “may *** be admissible for other purposes”—that is, for purposes other than

proving propensity—“such as proof of *** knowledge.” The circuit court ruled that the August

15, 2020, phone calls were relevant to prove that defendant knew about the order of protection. If,

in those phone calls, he tried to talk Krutke into getting the order of protection rescinded, he had

to know that the order of protection existed. Thus, the August 15, 2020, calls were relevant proof

of his mens rea, his guilty knowledge.

¶ 44           As the circuit court recognized, though, a finding of relevance “for other purposes”

is not the end of the analysis. Id. Illinois Rule of Evidence 403 (eff. Jan. 1, 2011) provides,

“Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed

by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury, or by

considerations of undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.”

                                               - 15 -
¶ 45            Defendant argues that although the August 15, 2020, phone calls “may have been

relevant to show knowledge” (see Ill. R. Evid. 404(b) (eff. Jan. 1, 2011)), “the inclusion of the full

calls was prejudicial when only several, short portions of the calls would have been relevant to

that point” (see Ill. R. Evid. 403 (eff. Jan. 1, 2011). Even the relevant portions of the calls were, in

defendant’s view, cumulative (see id.), “add[ing] nothing to what was already before the jury”

(People v. Ortiz, 235 Ill. 2d 319, 335 (2009)). Defendant maintains that, “by way of other, less

prejudicial testimony,” “the State could have proven”—and did prove—his “knowledge of the

order of protection.” For instance, Suttles testified that when serving upon defendant the order of

protection, he explained to defendant that “any third-party contact” with Krutke was forbidden.

Also, according to defendant, “the August 16 phone call *** included a reference to the

prohibitions within the order of protection, particularly when [defendant] was talking to the third

party.”

¶ 46            Those arguments would have to overcome the great deference we owe to the circuit

court’s findings of relevance and a lack of unfair prejudice. “The determination as to whether

evidence is relevant and admissible is within the sound discretion of the trial court, and its

ruling will not be reversed absent a clear abuse of discretion resulting in manifest prejudice to the

defendant.” People v. Gonzalez, 379 Ill. App. 3d 941, 948-49 (2008). Abuse of discretion is the

most deferential standard of review recognized by the law. In re D.T., 212 Ill. 2d 347, 356 (2004).

A ruling is an abuse of discretion only if the ruling “was arbitrary, made without conscientious

judgment, or otherwise made in such a way that, in view of all of the circumstances, the [trial]

court exceeded the bounds of reason and ignored recognized principles of law so that substantial

prejudice resulted.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Johnson, 2018 IL App (1st)

140725, ¶ 59.

                                                 - 16 -
¶ 47           Keeping in mind that deferential standard of review, so described, we now take up

defendant’s arguments against the circuit court’s evidentiary ruling. Again, his arguments are

basically twofold.

¶ 48           First, defendant argues that the possible relevance of some small portions of the

August 15, 2020, phone calls did not justify the wholesale admission of those calls. He complains

that most of what was said in those calls was irrelevant and inadmissible. He notes:

               “The August 15 phone calls added an additional 44 minutes and 20 seconds of

               evidence for the jury to hear. [Citations to record.] The calls contained information

               about [defendant’s] mental health and the treatments he was receiving, as well as

               information about the state of his relationship with Krutke, and brief references to

               the order of protection.”

¶ 49           Defense counsel, however, objected to the August 15, 2020, phone calls in their

entirety. He did not take the position that those calls were mostly inadmissible. Instead, he took

the position that because those calls were the subject of a different criminal case, they were

completely inadmissible.

¶ 50           If a party objects to evidence “as a unit” and if the evidence “is admissible in part

and inadmissible in part, the trial court is justified in overruling the objection and admitting the

evidence in its entirety.” 11 Timothy J. Storm, Illinois Practice, Courtroom Handbook on Illinois

Evidence § 103:3(c) (2022) (citing Richman Chemical Co. v. Lowenthal, 16 Ill. App. 2d 568, 575-

76 (1958)). Unless the evidence is totally inadmissible, the objecting party must specify the parts

that are inadmissible and must request that those parts “be excluded from the consideration of the

jury.” Aetitus v. Spring Valley Coal Co., 246 Ill. 32, 37-38 (1910). If, instead of distinguishing the

inadmissible parts from the admissible parts, the party objects to the evidence in its entirety, the

                                                - 17 -
circuit court should overrule the objection because, contrary to the objection, the evidence is not

inadmissible in its entirety. By an incorrect across-the-board objection, the party will have forfeited

any objection to the inadmissible parts. See id; People v. Enoch, 122 Ill. 2d 176, 186 (1988)

(holding that both a contemporaneous objection and a posttrial motion raising the issue are

necessary to preserve an issue for appeal).

¶ 51           As defendant concedes, the parts of the August 15, 2020, phone calls that

manifested his knowledge of the protective order arguably were relevant evidence of mens rea in

the present case. He could have knowingly violated the order of protection only if he knew about

the order of protection. See 720 ILCS 5/12-3.4(a)(1) (West 2018) (providing that “[a] person

commits violation of an order of protection if *** he or she knowingly commits an act which was

prohibited by a court”). Because the August 15, 2020, phone calls contained material manifesting

his knowledge of the order of protection, those phone calls were not, as he objected, completely

irrelevant. By his nonspecific objection to the August 15, 2020, phone calls in their entirety,

defense counsel forfeited any objection to the irrelevant portions of those phone calls. See Enoch,

122 Ill. 2d at 186; Aetitus, 246 Ill. at 37-38; Richman Chemical, 16 Ill. App. 2d at 575-76.

¶ 52           Second, defendant argues that, through Suttles’s testimony and the August 16,

2020, phone call, the State presented adequate evidence of defendant’s mens rea. Hence, defendant

reasons, the other-crimes evidence in the form of the August 15, 2020, phone calls was

unnecessary, and the probative value of those phone calls was substantially outweighed by the

danger of unfair prejudice, namely, the temptation to regard those calls as propensity evidence.

See Ill. R. Evid. 403 (eff. Jan 1, 2011).

¶ 53           Suttles did indeed testify that he served the order of protection on defendant.

Suttles, however, was impeached by defense counsel’s cross-examination. At first, Suttles testified

                                                - 18 -
that when serving the order of protection on defendant, he warned defendant that third-party

communication with Krutke was forbidden. When defense counsel asked Suttles how he knew he

had so warned defendant, Suttles answered that a no-communication provision was in the order of

protection he had served on defendant and that he always read the order of protection to the

recipient—“word for word,” without any changes. But then defense counsel asked Suttles to point

out the no-communication provision in People’s exhibit No. 2. Suttles was unable to find any such

provision. Consequently, the State went into damage control by giving Suttles an opportunity to

do some backpedaling. On redirect examination, Suttles testified that, regardless of what the order

of protection said, he routinely did an add-on: he warned the person he was serving not to try any

third-party communications—even though Suttles previously testified it was his practice to read

the order of protection verbatim, without any alterations.

¶ 54           So, Suttles had no independent recollection of the order of protection in any detail,

and he could have been understood as contradicting himself. These arguable discrepancies in

Suttles’s testimony could have opened the State up to a contention that Suttles should not be

believed in his testimony that he served the order of protection on defendant. (Later, in his

testimony in the defense’s case in chief, defendant acknowledged that the order of protection was

served upon him. In its preceding case in chief, however, the State did not yet have the benefit of

defendant’s testimony.) Given the possible vulnerabilities of Suttles’s testimony, the State could

have reasonably decided it would be prudent to present evidence, in the form of defendant’s own

recorded words from August 15, 2020, that he knew about the order of protection.

¶ 55           Defendant represents that “the August 16 phone call also included a reference to

the prohibitions within the order of protection, particularly when [defendant] was talking to the

third party.” Actually, the part of the phone recording that defendant cites in this context appears

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to contain no mention of the order of protection. Rather, in the cited part of the recording, defendant

requested a man to give Krutke defendant’s inmate account number so that “y’all” could deposit

$20 into the account. The man asked defendant, “You know that three-way stuff don’t work on

this?” Defendant responded, “Yeah, it do because I talked to her yesterday.” It does not seem that,

in this particular cited exchange, the participants in the phone conversation explicitly discussed

the order of protection. As defendant agrees, however, he directly referenced the order of

protection in his telephone conversations on August 15, 2020.

¶ 56           Not only did the August 15, 2020, phone calls directly show defendant’s knowledge

of the order of protection, but, arguably, those phone calls indirectly showed his knowledge and

understanding of the no-communication provision in the order. The repeated three-way calling

could be regarded as a trick to at least temporarily evade the block the jail had placed on calls from

defendant to Krutke. Granted, defendant offered an explanation for the three-way calling—he

wanted his parents to pay for the calls—but the jury did not have to believe his explanation.

¶ 57           For all those reasons, then, we find no abuse of discretion in the overruling of

defendant’s objection to his recorded telephone communications with Krutke on August 15, 2020.

¶ 58                                      B. The Sentence

¶ 59           Defendant challenges the sentence of 5½ years’ imprisonment as too severe. He

complains that, in the sentencing hearing, the circuit court “listed several factors in aggravation[ ]

but failed to list any factors in mitigation.” (Emphasis in original.)

¶ 60           The defendant made a similar complaint in People v. Bergman, 121 Ill. App. 3d

100, 109 (1984). The defendant in that case complained that although “trial judge did go into

considerable detail in articulating her reasons for [the] defendant’s lengthy sentence,” the judge

“failed to comment on the evidence in mitigation.” Id. The appellate court responded:

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               “[W]here mitigation evidence is before the court, it is presumed that the sentencing

               judge considered the evidence, absent some indication, other than the sentence

               imposed, to the contrary. [Citations.] Where a sentencing judge articulates factors

               in aggravation, as in the instant case, a court of review may assume the trial judge

               properly considered factors in mitigation.” Id.; see also People v. Laliberte, 246 Ill.

               App. 3d 159, 178 (1993) (holding that “[w]here a sentencing judge articulates

               factors in aggravation, *** a court of review may assume the trial judge properly

               considered factors in mitigation”).

Thus, under Bergman, the circuit court’s enumeration of only aggravating factors does not rebut

the presumption that the court also took into account any mitigating evidence that was presented

in the sentencing hearing.

¶ 61           Besides, as the State points out, it is false that the circuit court “failed to list any

factors in mitigation.” (Emphasis in original.) Defendant argues, on appeal, that his military

service, which ended in an honorable discharge, was a factor in mitigation. The circuit court said,

“The court has considered the defendant’s veteran status.” Also, the court expressly mentioned the

mitigating factors that “the defendant’s criminal conduct did not cause nor threaten serious

physical harm to another” and that “[t]he defendant would not have contemplated that his criminal

conduct would cause or threaten serious physical harm to another.” See 730 ILCS 5/5-5-3.1(a)(1)

(West 2020). The court also said it had considered the presentence investigation report, thereby

signifying the court had taken into account defendant’s mental health problems, drug addiction,

family circumstances, employment history, and any other mitigating evidence set forth in that

report. “Where the sentencing court examines a presentence report, it is presumed that the court

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considered the defendant’s potential for rehabilitation.” People v. Wright, 272 Ill. App. 3d 1033,

1046 (1995).

¶ 62           Arguably, the 29 prior convictions listed in the presentence investigation report

suggest a poor potential for rehabilitation. Among the more serious offenses are embezzlement,

car theft, attempted aggravated assault, domestic assault, and domestic battery. An extensive

criminal history is a significant aggravating factor, showing that the defendant “is unwilling to

learn from his mistakes or to respect laws enacted for the protection of the public’s safety.” People

v. Rader, 272 Ill. App. 3d 796, 807 (1995). Also, as the circuit court remarked in the sentencing

hearing in this case, impunity might be further perceived in the repetition of the offense against

the same victim.

¶ 63           Thus, we are unable to say the circuit court abused its discretion by imposing a

prison sentence that was six months short of the maximum extended term. See People v. Stacey,

193 Ill. 2d 203, 209-10 (2000); 720 ILCS 5/12-3.4(d) (West 2020) (providing that “[v]iolation of

an order of protection is a Class 4 felony if the defendant has any prior conviction under this Code

for domestic battery [(720 ILCS 5/12-3.2 (West 2020))]”); 730 ILCS 5/5-5-3.2(b)(1) (West 2020)

(providing that an extended term sentence may be imposed on any defendant who “is convicted of

any felony, after having been previously convicted in Illinois or any other jurisdiction of the same

or similar class felony or greater class felony, when such conviction has occurred within 10 years

after the previous conviction, excluding time spent in custody, and such charges are separately

brought and tried and arise out of different series of acts”); 730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-45(a) (West 2020)

(providing that “[t]he sentence of imprisonment for an extended term Class 4 felony *** shall be

a term not less than 3 years and not more than 6 years”).

¶ 64                                    III. CONCLUSION

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¶ 65   For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s judgment.

¶ 66   Affirmed.

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