Court Opinion

ID: 9409835
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-07-19 17:08:17.145223+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:53.831793
License: Public Domain

J-S22025-23

    NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    CLINTON WADE MARZEL                        :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 1083 WDA 2022

         Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 23, 2022
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
              Criminal Division at No: CP-02-CR-0004761-2021

BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J., and MURRAY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                               FILED: July 19, 2023

        Appellant, Clinton Wade Marzel, appeals from his judgment of sentence

of eighteen to thirty-six months’ imprisonment for terroristic threats1 followed

by two years’ probation. Appellant argues, and the Commonwealth agrees,

that the trial court erred by failing to address Appellant’s eligibility under the

Recidivism Risk Reduction Incentive (“RRRI”) Act, 61 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 4501-4512.

The Commonwealth contends, however, that this error does not require us to

vacate Appellant’s sentence.           We disagree, and we vacate Appellant’s

judgment of sentence and remand to the trial court for resentencing.

        The trial court summarized the evidence as follows:

        On May 3, 2021, police officers responded to a residence at 1617
        Manor Avenue in McKeesport. [Appellant], who resided next door,
        made a verbal threat to Holly Potter, who resided at 1617 Manor
        Avenue with her three children. Ms. Potter had called police
        approximately 15 times over the past year and a half because of
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1   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2706.
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      [Appellant]’s repeated threats of violence and other conduct
      toward her family. Ms. Potter informed police that [Appellant] had
      been driving back and forth in front of her vehicle screaming and
      yelling that he was going to hit her vehicle. Ms. Potter had a Ring
      Doorbell video surveillance system that confirmed [Appellant]’s
      conduct. On the day the police responded to Ms. Potter’s
      residence, [Appellant] yelled “if she gets me sent to jail, I will kill
      her”. He had made other threats of violence to her family as well.
      For instance, he posted a sign in his window that he was going to
      kill Ms. Potter “and her bastard children.” He further told her he
      was “the modern Manson” and that her family would repent.

Trial Court Opinion, 12/2/22, at 2.

      On June 23, 2022, the court imposed sentence without determining

whether Appellant was RRRI-eligible. Appellant did not object to the court’s

omission. Appellant filed timely post-sentence motions, which the court denied,

and a timely appeal. Both Appellant and the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P.

1925. Appellant’s Rule 1925 statement of matters complained of on appeal did

not object to the court’s failure to determine whether he was RRRI-eligible.

      Appellant raises two issues in this appeal:

      1. Whether the sum and substance of [Appellant]’s sentence is
         illegal where the Trial Court failed to determine, on the record
         at the time of sentencing, whether [Appellant] was eligible for
         a RRRI sentence, in violation of 61 Pa. C.S.A. § 4505(a)?

      2. Whether the Trial Court failed to apply all relevant sentencing
         criteria, including the protection of the public, the gravity of the
         offense, and [Appellant]’s character and rehabilitative needs,
         as required by 42 Pa. C.S.A. § 9721(b), thus making his
         sentence excessive and unreasonable?

Appellant’s Brief at 5.

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      Appellant’s first argument is a claim that the trial court failed to

determine his eligibility for RRRI at sentencing. Although Appellant failed to

raise this claim at sentencing or in his Rule 1925 statement, we have held that

“where the trial court fails to make a statutorily required determination

regarding a defendant’s eligibility for an RRRI minimum sentence as required,

the sentence is illegal.” Commonwealth v. Robinson, 7 A.3d 868, 871 (Pa.

Super. 2010). The legality of a sentence is an issue that cannot be waived.

Commonwealth v. Edrington, 780 A.2d 721, 723 (Pa. Super. 2001) (illegal

sentencing claim cannot be waived and may be reviewed sua sponte). To its

credit, the Commonwealth concedes that Appellant’s argument implicates the

legality of his sentence and therefore has not been waived. Accordingly, we

conclude that Appellant’s argument is not waived despite his failure to raise

this claim until this appeal.

      The RRRI Act “seeks to create a program that ensures appropriate

punishment for persons who commit crimes, encourages inmate participation

in evidence-based programs that reduce the risks of future crime and ensures

the openness and accountability of the criminal justice process while ensuring

fairness to crime victims.” 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 4502. The Act explicitly states, “At

the time of sentencing, the court shall make a determination whether the

defendant is an eligible offender.” 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 4505(a) (emphasis added).

In the event the trial court finds the defendant is an eligible offender, or if the

Commonwealth waives the eligibility requirements, the trial court must then

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calculate the minimum and maximum sentences, and impose the RRRI

minimum sentence. 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 4505(c)(2) (when minimum sentence is

three years or less, RRRI minimum is three-fourths of minimum sentence

imposed by trial court; when minimum sentence is more than three years,

RRRI sentence is five-sixths of minimum sentence). The Sentencing Code also

requires the trial court to determine a defendant’s RRRI eligibility at

sentencing, stating in relevant part:

      (b.1) Recidivism risk reduction incentive minimum
      sentence. — The court shall determine if the defendant is eligible
      for a recidivism risk reduction incentive minimum sentence under
      61 Pa.C.S. Ch. 45 (relating to recidivism risk reduction incentive).
      If the defendant is eligible, the court shall impose a recidivism risk
      reduction incentive minimum sentence in addition to a minimum
      sentence and maximum sentence except, if the defendant was
      previously sentenced to two or more recidivism risk reduction
      incentive minimum sentences, the court shall have the discretion
      to impose a sentence with no recidivism risk reduction incentive
      minimum.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9756(b.1).

      Here, the trial court failed to determine Appellant's RRRI eligibility at his

sentencing hearing.    Pursuant to Robinson, “where the trial court fails to

make a statutorily required determination regarding a defendant's eligibility

for an RRRI minimum sentence as required” in Section § 9756(b.1.), “the

sentence is illegal.” Robinson, 7 A.3d at 871. Although the trial court may

ultimately determine Appellant is not an “eligible offender,” it is required to

make that determination at the time it imposes sentence. See 61 Pa.C.S. §

4505(a). Thus, we conclude that the trial court was statutorily required to

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determine Appellant’s RRRI eligibility at sentencing, and its failure to do so

renders Appellant’s sentence illegal. Robinson, 7 A.3d at 870-71.

       Appellant requests that we vacate his judgment of sentence and remand

for a new sentencing hearing. The Commonwealth counters that the proper

remedy is not vacatur of the entire judgment of sentence but only a remand

for determination of whether Appellant is RRRI eligible:

       If the lower court determines that appellant is eligible for a RRRI
       sentence, then it must, of course, modify his sentence. If it
       determines that he is not eligible, however, then there would be
       no other basis for any change in Appellant’s sentence, as Appellant
       has already been sentenced as if he were not RRRI eligible.

Commonwealth’s Brief at 5-6.

       In Robinson, after ruling that the trial court erred by failing to

determine whether the defendant was RRRI-eligible, we wrote, “Accordingly,

we vacate the judgment of sentence and remand this matter for a

determination of whether Appellant is RRRI eligible pursuant to 61 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 4503 . . .” Id. at 875 (emphasis added). Similarly, in a recent unpublished

memorandum, Commonwealth v. Weir, 270 A.3d 1126, 2021 WL 5822823

(Pa. Super., Dec. 7, 2021),2 we held, “[T]he trial court was statutorily required

to determine Appellant’s RRRI eligibility at sentencing, and its failure to do so

renders Appellant's sentence illegal. See Robinson, 7 A.3d at 870-71. We

therefore vacate the judgment of sentence and remand for the trial court to

____________________________________________

2 See Pa.R.A.P. 126(b) (non-precedential decision from Superior Court filed
after May 1, 2019 may be relied upon for its persuasive value).

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determine Appellant’s RRRI eligibility.” Id. at *3. In accordance with these

precedents, we conclude that the proper remedy is vacatur of Appellant’s

entire judgment of sentence.

      In view of our decision to vacate Appellant’s judgment of sentence, it is

unnecessary to address his second argument in this appeal, a claim that his

sentence was excessive and unreasonable.

      Judgment of sentence vacated; case remanded for further proceedings;

jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/19/2023

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