Court Opinion

ID: 2662012
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-04-03 11:34:46.25478+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:17:41.437822
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                            FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Percy Edward Moore,                  :
                                     :
               Plaintiff,            :
       v.                            :               Civil Action No. 11-1067 (CKK)
                                     :
Federal Bureau of                    :
Investigation et al.,                :
                                     :
               Defendants.           :

                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION

       In this action brought pro se under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), 5 U.S.C.

§ 552, plaintiff sues multiple components of the Department of Justice (“DOJ”), as well as the

Central Intelligence Agency (“CIA”), and the Executive Office of the President (“EOP”) for the

production of his records. Pending is the motion of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”),

the Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”), the U.S. Parole Commission (“USPC”), the CIA, and the EOP

to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or for summary judgment

under Rule 56. Defs.’ Partial Mot. to Dismiss, or in the Alternative, for Summ. J. [Dkt. # 30].

Also pending is the separate motion of the Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys (“EOUSA”) and

DOJ’s Criminal Division to dismiss or for summary judgment. Defs.’ Supp. Mot. to Dismiss, or

in the Alternative, for Summ. J. (“Defs.’ Supp. Mot.”) [Dkt. # 33]. Upon consideration of the

parties’ submissions and the entire record, the Court will grant both motions for summary

judgment and enter judgment for the defendants. 1

1
      Plaintiff’s opposition is captioned “Plaintiff’s Motion in Opposition to Summary
Judgment” [Dkt. # 39-1] and includes the following unpaged documents: “Statement of Material
                                                1
                                        BACKGROUND

       Plaintiff Percy Edward Moore filed this action on October 4, 2010, in the Western

District of Wisconsin, which transferred the case to this Court on June 8, 2011. Plaintiff seeks

the production of “[a]ll files that contain the name Percy Edward Moore, all investigative,

medical, [and] criminal files . . . all reports, documents, recordings, [and] videos.” Compl. [Dkt.

# 1] ¶ 2. Attached to the complaint are plaintiff’s separate FOIA requests that he allegedly sent

from the Federal Medical Center (“FMC”) in Rochester, Minnesota, where he is incarcerated, to

the FBI’s Chicago Field Office (in March 2010), the BOP (in April 2010), the CIA (in April

2010), the EOP (in April 2010), the Criminal Division (in July 2010), EOUSA (in August 2010),

and the USPC (in September 2010). In addition, plaintiff requested by letter to the CIA dated

May 18, 2010, “information to make easier to locate consciousness-altering technology, or

behavioral modification techniques, information regarding the program, and used by Nixon and

J. Edgar Hoover[,] any up to date research on the technology records of legal cases made public

of it’ [sic] use in society.” Compl. Attach. [Dkt. # 1-1], ECF 3. The defendants’ respective

responses are as follows:

                   •   After the filing of this action, the FBI searched its FOIPA Document

                       Processing System for plaintiff’s March 2010 request to the Chicago Field

                       Office. Decl. of Dennis Argall [Dkt. # 30-4] ¶ 4. The FBI located several

                       of plaintiff’s requests “dating back to 2006, as well as two requests []

                       dated March 6, 2010, which plaintiff mailed to FBIHQ and the Chicago

Facts as to Which There is No Genuine Issue,” “Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Opposition to
Summary Judgment,” and “Declaration of Percy Edward Moore.” When referring to those
documents, the Court will cite the page numbers assigned by the electronic docketing system.
                                                 2
    Field Office . . . .” Id. ¶ 5. The search revealed that by letters of March

    26, 2010, and April 5, 2010, the FBI informed plaintiff that it had

    conducted a search and “determined that there are no additional records

    responsive to your request” that were not released “in relation to past

    requests.” Id., Exs. A & B; see also Decl. of David M. Hardy [Dkt. # 41-

    1] ¶ 13 (confirming same).

•   In response to the instant complaint, BOP conducted a search to determine

    if it had received the underlying FOIA request. It initially located only a

    referral from the U.S. Marshals Service in response to a FOIA request

    plaintiff had filed there in 2010, which was not the request attached to the

    instant complaint. Second Decl. of Carmen Rinella (“2d Rinella Decl.”)

    [Dkt. # 30-5] ¶¶ 14-16. BOP processed the underlying FOIA request on

    January 4, 2011, when it “became aware of the litigation and request.” Id.

    ¶ 18. By letter dated February 22, 2011, BOP informed plaintiff that his

    request for a fee waiver was denied, and it assessed him an estimated fee

    of $100 for the approximately 1,100 pages of responsive records that were

    located following a search at FMC Rochester. Id. ¶¶ 19-20 & Ex. F. The

    letter informed plaintiff that in order to proceed with his request, BOP

    would need him to confirm his willingness to pay the assessed fee, modify

    the request to reduce the fee, or request “the first one hundred pages free

    and/or two hours of search time whichever comes first.” Ex. F at 1-2.

    Plaintiff was further told that BOP “will suspend processing of this request

    until we receive your response.” Id. at 2. Since plaintiff had not
                              3
                     responded to the letter by September 8, 2011, BOP closed his request file.

                     2d Rinella Decl. ¶¶ 21-23.

                 •   The USPC conducted a search and informed plaintiff by letter of

                     September 16, 2010, that it had located no responsive records “because he

                     had yet to have an initial parole hearing.” Decl. of Anissa H. Banks [Dkt.

                     # 30-7] ¶ 8 & Ex. 2. The letter explained that “[t]he Commission reviews

                     material copied from [BOP] files . . . in preparation for [a] parole hearing”

                     and returns the material to BOP when that review is completed. It is only

                     after a hearing that material forwarded from BOP “is indexed by the

                     inmate’s name, incorporated in the Commission’s system of records and

                     becomes a parole file.” Ex. 2; see also Banks Decl. ¶ 4.

                 •   The CIA conducted a search and informed plaintiff by letter of May 25,

                     2010, that it had located no responsive records, and “with respect to

                     responsive records that would reveal a classified connection to the CIA, in

                     accordance with section 3.6(a) of Executive Order 12958, as amended,” it

                     could neither confirm nor deny their existence. The CIA invoked FOIA

                     exemptions 1 and 3 and Privacy Act exemptions (j)(1) and (k)(1) as the

                     bases for the latter response. 2 Decl. of Susan Viscuso [Dkt. # 30-6] ¶¶ 11-

                     12 & Ex. F. Plaintiff filed an administrative appeal by letter of June 2,

2
       The FOIA’s exemptions are codified at 5 U.S.C. § 552(b). The Privacy Act exemptions,
see 5 U.S.C. § 552a, are not at issue, but they would not in any event bar disclosure of
documents that are required to be disclosed under the FOIA. 5 U.S.C. § 552a(b)(2); see
Greentree v. United States Customs Serv., 674 F.2d 74, 79 (D.C. Cir. 1982).
                                               4
    2010, which the agency closed upon plaintiff’s filing of this action.

    Viscuso Decl. ¶¶ 13-17.

•   The Criminal Division conducted a search and informed plaintiff by letter

    of September 30, 2010, that it had located no responsive records. Suppl.

    Mot., Decl. of E. Thomas Roberts [Dkt. # 33-1] ¶ 12 & Ex. 6. It further

    informed plaintiff that it was referring his request to the Organized Crime

    Drug Enforcement Task Force for processing and a direct response to

    plaintiff because it had become “an independent entity reporting directly

    to the Deputy Attorney General.” Ex. 6. Plaintiff unsuccessfully appealed

    the Criminal Division’s determination to DOJ’s Office of Information and

    Privacy (“OIP”). See Exs. 7, 8.

•   By letter of August 3, 2011, EOUSA informed plaintiff that it had located

    one box of “documents in your criminal case” in the United States

    Attorney’s Office in the Northern District of Illinois and that a box

    typically contains between 2000 and 4000 pages of records. Decl. of

    David Luczynski [Dkt. # 33-3], Ex. E. Plaintiff was further informed that

    “it is clear that charges will exceed $25” and that “[i]f you wish to reduce

    the amount of fees, you may reformulate your request.” Id. Either way,

    plaintiff was told that he had 30 days to respond to the letter or his request

    would be closed. The letter included a form for plaintiff to choose his

    options and to return it to EOUSA. Id. As of October 19, 2011, EOUSA

    had received no response from plaintiff. Luczynski Decl. ¶ 8.

                               5
                                       LEGAL STANDARD

       Summary judgment is appropriate upon a showing that there is “no genuine dispute as to

any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P.

56(a). “[A] material fact is ‘genuine’ . . . if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could

return a verdict for the nonmoving party” on an element of the claim. Anderson v. Liberty

Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986).

       The FOIA requires a federal agency to release all records responsive to a properly

submitted request except those protected from disclosure by one or more of nine enumerated

exemptions. See 5 U.S.C. § 552(b). The agency’s disclosure obligations are triggered by its

receipt of a request that “reasonably describes [the requested] records” and “is made in

accordance with published rules stating the time, place, fees (if any), and procedures to be

followed.” 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3)(A). The FOIA authorizes the court only "to enjoin [a federal]

agency from withholding agency records or to order the production of any agency records

improperly withheld from the complainant.” 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(B). Thus, the elements of a

FOIA claim are (1) improperly (2) withheld (3) agency records. “Judicial authority to devise

remedies and enjoin agencies can only be invoked under the jurisdictional grant conferred by [5

U.S.C.] § 552 [(a)(4)(B)], if the agency has contravened all three components of this obligation.”

Kissinger v. Reporters Comm. for Freedom of the Press, 445 U.S. 136, 150 (1980). The

disclosure requirement generally covers only those records that are in the agency’s custody and

control at the time of the FOIA request. McGehee v. Central Intelligence Agency, 697 F.2d

1095, 1110 (D.C. Cir. 1983).

       In a FOIA case, the Court may award summary judgment to an agency solely on the

information provided in affidavits or declarations when they describe “the justifications for
                                                  6
nondisclosure with reasonably specific detail, demonstrate that the information withheld

logically falls within the claimed exemption, and are not controverted by either contrary

evidence in the record nor by evidence of agency bad faith.” Military Audit Project v. Casey,

656 F.2d 724, 738 (D.C. Cir. 1981); accord Am. Civil Liberties Union v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 628

F.3d 612, 619 (D.C. Cir. 2011). see also Vaughn v. Rosen, 484 F.2d 820, 826 (D.C. Cir. 1973),

cert. denied, 415 U.S. 977 (1974). The district court must conduct a “de novo” review of the

record, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(B), which “requires the court to ascertain whether the agency has

sustained its burden of demonstrating that the documents requested . . . are exempt from

disclosure.” Assassination Archives & Research Ctr. v. Cent. Intelligence Agency, 334 F.3d 55,

57 (D.C. Cir. 2003) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). “Consistent with the

purpose of the Act, the burden is on the agency to justify withholding requested documents,”

Beck v. Dep't of Justice, 997 F.2d 1489, 1491 (D.C. Cir. 1993), and only after an agency has

proven that “it has fully discharged its disclosure obligations” is summary judgment appropriate.

Weisberg v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 705 F.2d 1344, 1350 (D.C. Cir. 1983).

       Agency declarations are accorded "a presumption of good faith[.]” Long v. U.S. Dep’t of

Justice, 450 F. Supp. 2d 42, 54 (D.D.C. 2006) (citation and quotation omitted). To rebut the

presumption, a plaintiff “must point to evidence sufficient to put the Agency's good faith into

doubt.” Ground Saucer Watch, Inc. v. CIA, 692 F.2d 770, 771 (D.C. Cir. 1981). In properly

opposing a summary judgment motion, plaintiff may not merely “replace conclusory allegations

of the complaint or answer with conclusory allegations of an affidavit,” Lujan v. National

Wildlife Federation, 497 U.S. 871, 888 (1990), but rather must “set forth specific facts showing

that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248; see Schoenman v. FBI, 841 F.

Supp. 2d 69, 80 (D.D.C. 2012) (“In other words, ‘uncontradicted, plausible affidavits showing
                                                 7
reasonable specificity and a logical relation to the exemption are likely to prevail.’”) (quoting

Ancient Coin Collectors Guild v. U.S. Dep't of State, 641 F.3d 504, 509 (D.C. Cir. 2011)).

(alteration omitted).

                                          DISCUSSION

       Defendants argue correctly that the EOP is not an agency subject to the FOIA’s

disclosure requirements. Voinche v. Obama, 428 Fed. Appx. 2 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (per curiam).

Therefore, the Court will grant defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint against EOP under

Rule 12(b)(6). In addition, plaintiff “does not object to granting” defendants’ motion for

summary judgment with respect to his requests made to the Criminal Division and the USPC.

Decl. of Percy Edward Moore (“Moore Decl.”) [Dkt. # 39-1, 17-26] ¶¶ 17, 25. Therefore, the

Court will grant defendants’ summary judgment motion with respect to those requests. What

remains, then, are plaintiff’s challenges to the FBI’s, BOP’s, CIA’s, and EOUSA’s responses to

his requests for records.

       FBI Records

       Plaintiff claims that the FBI’s search “was unreasonable [because] [it] did not count the []

documents” withheld by its Chicago Field Office. Pl.’s Mot. in Opp’n to Summ. J. (“Pl.’s

Opp’n”), Statement of Material Facts As to Which There is No Genuine Issue (“Pl.’s Facts”)

[Dkt. # 39-1, 3-6] ¶¶ 1, 5. The Court is unsure how that statement raises a genuine question

about the FBI’s search since it implies that the FBI located responsive records. Nevertheless, the

Court finds for the reasons that follow that the FBI’s search was adequate.

       When an agency's search for records is challenged, “the agency must show beyond

material doubt [] that it has conducted a search reasonably calculated to uncover all relevant

documents.” Weisberg, 705 F.2d at 1351. For purposes of this showing, the agency "may rely
                                                  8
upon affidavits . . . , as long as they are relatively detailed and nonconclusory and . . . submitted

in good faith." Id. (citations and quotation marks omitted). The required level of detail "set[s]

forth the search terms and the type of search performed, and aver[s] that all files likely to contain

responsive materials (if such records exist) were searched. . . ." Oglesby v. United States Dep’t

of the Army, 920 F.2d 57, 68 (D.C. Cir. 1990); accord Valencia-Lucena v. U.S. Coast Guard,

180 F.3d 321, 326 (D.C. Cir. 1999). "Once the agency has shown that its search was reasonable,

the burden shifts to [plaintiff] to rebut [defendant's] evidence by a showing that the search was

not conducted in good faith." Moore v. Aspin, 916 F. Supp. 32, 35 (D.D.C. 1996) (citing Miller

v. U.S. Dep't of State, 779 F.2d 1378, 1383 (8th Cir. 1985)). Summary judgment is inappropriate

“if a review of the record raises substantial doubt” about the adequacy of the search. Valencia-

Lucena, 180 F.3d at 326 (citing Founding Church of Scientology v. Nat’l Sec’y Agency, 610 F.2d

824, 837 (D.C. Cir. 1979)).

       In determining the adequacy of a FOIA search, the court is guided by principles of

reasonableness, Campbell v. United States Dep't of Justice, 164 F.3d 20, 27-28 (D.C. Cir. 1998),

mindful that an agency is required to produce only those records in its custody and control at the

time of the FOIA request. McGehee, 697 F.2d at 1110. Because “the adequacy of a FOIA

search is generally determined not by the fruits of the search, but by the appropriateness of the

methods used to carry out the search,” Iturralde v. Comptroller of Currency, 315 F.3d 311, 315

(D.C. Cir. 2003), “the [mere] fact that a particular document was not found does not demonstrate

the inadequacy of a search.” Boyd v. Crim. Div. of U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 475 F.3d 381, 391

(D.C. Cir. 2007) (citations omitted).

       In December 2011, the FBI discovered that it had already informed plaintiff in March and

April of 2010 that it had located no records that were not previously released to him in response
                                                  9
to his earlier FOIA requests. Argall Decl. ¶ 5; Hardy Decl. ¶ 13. Plaintiff does not dispute that

such was the case. In any event, Hardy states that the FBI “conducted a search of the indices to

the [Central Records System] to identify all potentially responsive files indexed to Percy Edward

Moore.” Hardy Decl. ¶ 13. The search consisted of “a three-way phonetic breakdown of

[plaintiff’s name]. Through this search, [the FBI] did not locate any additional main files or

cross-references in addition to the material [it] had already processed and released to plaintiff in

response to his prior requests.” Id. Hardy has provided a thorough description of the filing

systems that were searched and the search methods employed. Id. ¶¶ 7-12. Plaintiff has not

proffered any evidence to call into question the reasonableness of the FBI’s search. The Court

therefore finds that defendants, having shown that the FBI conducted a search reasonably

calculated to locate all responsive records, is entitled to judgment on the only disputed question

about the FBI’s processing of plaintiff’s request.

       BOP Records

       Plaintiff challenges defendants’ argument that he failed to exhaust his administrative

remedies with BOP. He asserts that he “did not appeal the [fee waiver] denial [and] accepted the

fees the agency determined, and waited for BOP to notify him of the exact fee.” Pl.’s Facts ¶

11. But BOP’s letter directed plaintiff to notify it within 30 days as to whether he would pay the

fee, modify his request to reduce the fee, or request the first 100 pages free of charge, and clearly

advised him that “[w]e will suspend processing of this request until we receive your response.”

2d Rinella Decl., Ex. F at 1-2. Plaintiff attaches to his declaration a document dated March 2,

2011, stating his willingness to pay the assessed fees, Moore Decl., Ex. J, which contradicts

plaintiff’s stated fact that he “waited for BOP to notify him of the exact fee.” Pl.’s Facts ¶ 11.

Since plaintiff has sworn under penalty of perjury that the statements in his declaration are true,
                                                 10
the Court will accept that he “forward[ed] a letter to Richard W. Schott [on March 2, 2011]

agreeing to pay all fees associated with his request.” Moore Decl. ¶ 10. Plaintiff provides no

proof that he mailed the letter and that BOP received the letter and, therefore, has failed to refute

with any evidence BOP’s declaration that it had not received a response from him as of

September 8, 2011. 2d Rinella Decl. ¶ 21.

       In any event, since BOP has not yet processed plaintiff’s request and, thus, has not

improperly withheld responsive records, the Court has no role to play. It therefore finds that

defendants are entitled to judgment on the claim against BOP based on plaintiff’s failure to

exhaust his administrative remedies. See Oglesby, 920 F.2d at 66 (“Exhaustion does not occur

until the required fees are paid or an appeal is taken from the refusal to waive fees.”); accord

Judicial Watch, Inc. v. FBI, 190 F. Supp. 2d 29, 33 (D.D.C. 2002). Now that plaintiff has

indicated his willingness to pay the assessed fees, the Court will assume that BOP will process

plaintiff’s request in a timely manner without court supervision.

       CIA Records

       As an initial matter, the Court finds as a matter of law that plaintiff’s second request to

the CIA dated May 18, 2010, for “information to make easier to locate consciousness-altering

technology, or behavioral modification techniques, information regarding the program . . . .” is

not reasonably descriptive to trigger the CIA’s disclosure obligations. "Under [the] FOIA, an

individual may obtain access to records 'written or transcribed to perpetuate knowledge or events'

. . . . [The] FOIA neither requires an agency to answer questions disguised as a FOIA request . . .

[n]or to create documents or opinions in response to an individual's request for information."

Hudgins v. IRS, 620 F. Supp. 19, 21 (D.D.C.1985), aff'd, 808 F.2d 137 (D.C. Cir. 1987), cert.

denied, 484 U.S. 803 (1987) (citations omitted); see Maydak v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 254 F.
                                                 11
Supp. 2d 23, 46 (D.D.C. 2003) (“Plaintiff’s request was no more than a series of questions or

requests for information that went beyond the scope of the FOIA.”). Furthermore, “an agency is

not required to have ‘clairvoyant capabilities’ to discover the requester’s need.” Hudgins, 620 F.

Supp. at 21 (citation omitted); see also Amer. Civil Liberties Union v. U.S. Dep’t of Homeland

Sec., 738 F. Supp. 2d 93, 103 n.1 (D.D.C. 2010) (“it [is] the plaintiff's obligations to describe the

records sought with reasonable detail”) (citations omitted).

       With respect to the request submitted in April 2010, plaintiff challenges the adequacy of

the CIA’s search for records pertaining to him and its decision to neither confirm nor deny the

existence of records “that would reveal a classified connection to the CIA.” See Pl.’s Mem. in

Opp’n to Summ. J. [Dkt. 39-1, 7-15] at 13-15. The Court finds from Viscuso’s thorough

description of the CIA’s filing systems and the search methods employed, Viscuso Decl. ¶¶ 18-

24, which plaintiff has not seriously contested, that the CIA conducted an adequate search for

records responsive to plaintiff’s request for his records.

       An agency’s decision to neither confirm nor deny records is commonly known as a

Glomar response in reference to the subject of a FOIA request for records pertaining to a ship,

the “Hughes Glomar Explorer.” See Phillippi v. Central Intelligence Agency, 546 F.2d 1009

(D.C. Cir. 1976). “[A]n agency may issue a Glomar response . . . if the particular FOIA

exemption at issue would itself preclude the acknowledgement of such documents.” Electronic

Privacy Info. Center v. Nat’l Sec. Agency, 678 F.3d 926, 931 (D.C. Cir. 2012) (citing Wolf v.

CIA, 473 F.3d 370, 374 (D.C. Cir. 2007)). The CIA’s Glomar response is based on FOIA

exemptions 1 and 3. See Viscuso Decl. ¶ 12 & Ex. F.

       Exemption 1 applies to materials that are “specifically authorized under criteria

established by an Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign
                                                  12
policy and . . . are in fact properly classified pursuant to such Executive order.” 5 U.S.C. § 552

(b)(1). Although the Court’s review of a FOIA record is “de novo,” § 552(a)(4)(B), “courts are

generally ill-equipped to second-guess an agency's opinion in the national security context[;]

[thus,] ‘the government's burden [with regard to such matters] is a light one.’” Schoenman, 841

F. Supp. 2d at 81-82 (quoting Am. Civil Liberties Union v. U.S. Dep’t of Defense, 628 F.3d 612,

624 (D.C. Cir. 2011)). Agency declarations in this context are accorded “substantial weight and

deference.” Id. at 82.

        Viscuso explains that “[t]he Glomar response is codified in Executive Order 13526 which

states ‘an agency may refuse to confirm or deny the existence or nonexistence of requested

records whenever the fact [of same] is itself classified under this order or its predecessors.”

Viscuso Decl. ¶ 25; see also Exec. Order No. 13,526, § 3.6(a), 75 Fed.Reg. 707 (Dec. 29, 2009).

Information “about a particular person generally would be classified in the context of CIA-37,

Directorate of Operations Records,” which encompasses “individuals ‘who are of foreign

intelligence or foreign counterintelligence interest to the CIA, either because of their actual,

apparent, or potential association with foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities . . . .”

Viscuso Decl. ¶ 27. On the other hand, when “the ‘fact of’ the existence of CIA records . . . is

not classified, the Agency cannot provide a Glomar response for the entire FOIA/PA request.”

Id. ¶ 29. “For example, in the context of CIA-25, Office of the Director Action Center Records, .

. . information about a particular person may be unclassified [because] individuals covered by

CIA-25 include . . . anyone who may have sent a letter to the Director, and . . . correspondence

with members of the general public.” Id. ¶ 28. Such information “would not necessarily reveal

whether CIA had an intelligence interest in that person or otherwise risk harm to national

security.” Id.
                                                  13
       Viscuso provides a reasonable explanation as to why the agency “consistently provide[s]

a Glomar response even when there are no classified records responsive to a particular request.”

Id. ¶ 30. If a Glomar response is provided only when classified records are found, the response

would in fact be useless because it “would unsurprisingly be interpreted as an admission that

classified responsive records exist, thereby revealing a classified fact.” Id.

       In this case, “the CIA searched [adequately] for records that contained an open and

acknowledged association with the agency, and found no records.” Id. ¶ 29. As to any

potentially classified records pertaining to intelligence sources or activities, the CIA properly

provided a Glomar response in accordance with § 3.6(a) of Executive Order 13,526. Viscuso

Decl. ¶ 25. See Schoenman, 841 F. Supp. 2d at 80-83 (discussing Executive Order 13,526);

accord Int’l Counsel Bureau v. USCIA, 774 F. Supp. 2d 262, 267-273 (D.D.C. 2011); ACLU v.

Dep’t of Justice, 808 F. Supp. 2d 280, 298-301 (D.D.C. 2011), appeal docketed, No. 11–5320

(D.C. Cir. Nov. 16, 2011).

       Exemption 3 applies to materials that are “specifically exempted from disclosure by

statute.” 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(3). “In other words, Exemption 3 incorporates the protections

afforded by other statutes shielding records from public disclosure.” Schoenman, 841 F. Supp.

2d at 83. The CIA properly relied upon the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (“CIA

Act”), 50 USC § 403(g), also to support its Glomar response. See id. at 84 (“It is well-

established that both [the National Security Act of 1947 and the CIA Act] relied upon by the CIA

in this case fall within the ambit of Exemption 3.”) (citing cases).

       Plaintiff has not adequately countered the CIA’s reasonably detailed declaration with any

contradictory evidence or evidence of agency bad faith. Rather, he seems to assert that the

requested records are needed in the public’s interest to shed light on the agency’s alleged “illegal
                                                 14
activity” that he has neither specified nor substantiated. See Pl.’s Mem. at 14-15. But it is in

only exemptions 6 and 7(C) – not asserted here -- that “the court is called upon to balance the

conflicting [public/private] interests and values involved; in other exemptions Congress has

struck the balance and the duty of the court is limited to finding whether the material is within

the defined category.” Lesar v. United States Dep't of Justice, 636 F.2d 472, 486 n.80 (D.C. Cir.

1980)) (citation omitted). The Court finds that the CIA properly relied on exemptions 1 and 3 to

support its Glomar response. Defendants therefore are entitled to judgment on the claim against

the CIA.

       EOUSA Records

       Plaintiff does not dispute defendants’ evidence that he failed to respond within 30 days to

EOUSA’s letter of August 3, 2011, directing him to indicate his willingness to pay any assessed

fees for the box of responsive records it had located or inviting him to modify his request to

reduce any assessed fees. In fact, plaintiff admits that he “waited for the agency to notify him of

the assessed fee,” Moore Decl. ¶ 16, even though the letter told him that his failure to provide a

response within 30 days would result in the closing of his request. As the Court found with

regard to the BOP records, defendants are entitled to judgment on the claim against EOUSA

based on plaintiff’s failure to exhaust his administrative remedies and because no improper

withholding has occurred since plaintiff’s request has yet to be processed.

                                         CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds that no material fact with regard to defendants’

satisfaction of their disclosure obligations under the FOIA is in genuine dispute and that

                                                 15
defendants are entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Hence, the Court will grant defendants’

motions for summary judgment. A separate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.

                                            __________s/s__________________
                                            COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY
DATE: August 13, 2012                       United States District Judge

                                               16