Court Opinion

ID: 9397304
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-24 21:07:37.016451+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:19:23.260745
License: Public Domain

STATE OF LOUISIANA

                             COURT OF APPEAL

                               FIRST CIRCUIT

                               2022 CA 0936

                              BRUCE CHILDERS

                                   VERSUS

      LAUREL LAKES ESTATES HOMEOWNERS' ASSOCIATION, INC.

                                               Judgment Rendered:      MAY 2 4 2023

           On Appeal from the Nineteenth Judicial District Court
                  In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge
                               State of Louisiana
                              Docket No. 699089
                  Honorable Wilson E. Fields, Judge Presiding

Leah C. Cook                               Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellant
Taylor Dunne                               Bruce Childers
Thomas Gildersleeve
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Christopher L. Whittington                 Counsel for Defendant/ Appellee
Christopher M. Patin                       Laurel Lakes Estates Homeowners'
Edward J. Laperouse, II                   Association, Inc.
Laura E. Marcantel
Trenton C. Ball
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

                                 EWWW WW3

      BEFORE;       McCLENDON, THERIOT, AND HOLDRIDGE, 33.
MCCLENDON, J.

       Plaintiff/defendant-in- reconvention appeals partial summary judgment dismissing

his claims against the defendant/ plaintiff-in- reconvention on the basis of prescription. For

the reasons that follow, we affirm.

                       FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       The instant appeal arises from a dispute between Bruce Childers, owner of a home

in Laurel Lakes Estates subdivision ( the subdivision),       and the Laurel Lakes Estates

Homeowners' Association, Inc. ( the HOA). Laurel Lakes Estates is a forty -three -lot

subdivision in East Baton Rouge Parish. The original developer, Laurel Lakes Development

Corporation ( original developer),    executed a "   Declaration of Protective Covenants and

Restrictions for Laurel Lakes Estates" ( Declaration) on December 21, 1993, which was

filed and recorded with the East Baton Rouge Parish Clerk of Court on that same date.

Childers acquired Lot 33 in or around 2001 and later built a home thereon. Subsequently,

numerous amendments were made to the Declaration. The dispute between Childers and

the HOA resulted from Childers'         alleged failure to comply with certain landscape

maintenance requirements set forth in the amended Declaration and refusal to pay

associated fines.

       On August 28, 2020, Childers filed a petition for declaratory judgment. Childers

argued that certain amendments to the Declaration were not passed in accordance with

the process outlined in the Declaration and/ or violated the terms of the Declaration. Thus,

Childers prayed for judgment declaring that the challenged amendments were invalid and

of no effect; that Childers be awarded damages for all past charged assessments which

were not due and owing and the costs of prosecuting the suit for declaratory judgment;

and ordering any other relief to which he may be justly entitled.

       In response to Childers' petition for declaratory judgment, the HOA filed an answer

and reconventional demand and named Childers as defendant -in -reconvention therein.

The HOA alleged that despite repeated requests that Childers maintain his property in

compliance with the Declaration, Childers consistently failed and refused to do so. By way

of example, the HOA alleged Childers failed and refused to keep and maintain his property

in a neat, attractive, and/ or safe condition; maintain the landscaping; keep the property

                                               2
free of rubbish, trash, debris, and/ or weeds; and keep his yard mowed in accordance

with the requirements of the Declaration. The HOA maintained it assessed fines against

Childers and gave him notice of same pursuant to the provisions of the Declaration. The

HOA further alleged that although Childers made some changes in response to the fines,

he remained in breach of the Declaration and refused to pay the fines. Claiming that

Childers' actions damaged the neighborhood, the HOA sought damages in the total

amount of the fines, $ 3, 300. 00,   plus interest at eighteen percent, and attorney fees. The

HOA additionally sought judgment declaring that the Declaration, and all amendments

thereto, were valid and enforceable.

       Childers answered the HOA's First Amended Reconventional Demand, denying that

he was in breach and default of the Declaration.

       On November 18, 2021, the HOA filed a motion seeking partial summary judgment

dismissing several of Childers' claims. The HOA argued that Childers essentially sought to

have the challenged amendments declared relatively null, and therefore several of his

claims were      prescribed   pursuant to    LSA- C. C.   art.   2032   because   the   challenged

amendments were filed into the public record more than five years before Childers filed

his petition.    Alternatively, the HOA argued that even if Childers' claims were not

prescribed,     he could not provide factual support supporting his contention that the

challenged amendments were legally invalid because they were not passed in accordance

with the process outlined in the Declaration and/ or violated the terms of the Declaration.

In support of the HOA' s motion, it attached: Exhibit A, First Amended Reconventional

Demand; Exhibit B, Declaration of Protective Covenants and Restrictions for Laurel Lakes

Estates, which was attached to Childers' deposition ( as Exhibit 1 thereto); Exhibit C,

Childers' responses to discovery requests propounded by the HOA; Exhibit D, the First

Amendment to the Declaration, which was attached to Childers' deposition ( as Exhibit 2

thereto); Exhibit E, the Fifth Amendment to the Declaration, which was attached to

Childers' deposition ( as Exhibit b thereto); Exhibit F, an excerpt from the deposition of

Gina B. Calahan; Exhibit G, the Sixth Amendment to the Declaration, which was attached

to Childers' deposition ( as Exhibit 7 thereto); Exhibit H, the Seventh Amendment to the

Declaration, which was attached to Childers' deposition ( as Exhibit 8 thereto); Exhibit I,

                                                3
the Eighth Amendment to the Declaration, which was attached to Childers' deposition ( as

Exhibit 9 thereto);   and Exhibit J. Childers' Petition for Declaratory Judgment.

       Childers opposed the HOA's motion for partial summary judgment. Regarding the

HOA's argument that several of his claims were prescribed, Childers contended that LSA-

C. C. art. 2032 was inapplicable because the challenged amendments were absolutely null,

rather than relatively null, and therefore not susceptible to prescription. Alternatively,

Childers argued that if the challenged amendments were relatively null, they were not

prescribed because he brought his action within five years of discovering the ground for

nullity. With respect to the HOA' s argument that Childers could not produce factual

support for his claims that the challenged amendments were legally invalid,                  Childers

argued that genuine issues of material fact existed regarding whether the challenged

amendments were passed in accordance with the process outlined in the Declaration

and/ or violated the terms of the Declaration. In support of Childers' opposition, he

submitted the following: Exhibit P- 1, Childers' Petition for Declaratory Judgment; Exhibit

P- 2, Childers' affidavit; Exhibit P- 3, the transcript of Childers' deposition; Exhibit P- 4, the

transcript of the deposition of Gina B. Calahan; Exhibit H, the Fifth Amendment to the

Declaration; Exhibit I, the act of cash sale; Exhibit J, the lot description page; and Exhibit

P- 5, the transcript of the deposition of the representative of the HOA.

       The HOA's motion for partial summary judgment was tried on January 10, 2022.

The trial court found no genuine issues of material fact existed to preclude summary

judgment and granted the HOA' s motion,              stating that it "[   would]   adopt the [ HOA' s

memorandum] in support [ of its motion for partial summary judgment] as its reasons for

judgment."   On January 24, 2022, the trial court executed a written judgment that granted

the HOA's motion for partial summary judgment in conformity with its oral ruling, and

dismissed Childers' claims against the HDA with prejudice. Childers appeals.

                                                rd
              THE DECLARATION AND THE CHALLENGED AMENDMENTS

        The Declaration, as originally filed, provides, in pertinent part:

               WHEREAS, in order to create, establish(,] and execute a uniform plan
        for the improvement, development, sale, use[,] and enjoyment of the
        Property, Declarant[, the original developer,] does hereby desire to declare,
        adopt and establish certain restrictions and easements for the Estates ( the
         Estates")   which will comprise the Property.

                WHEREAS, Developer desires to provide for the preservation and
        enhancement of the property values in [          the   subdivision]    and for the
        maintenance of the Property and improvements thereon, and to this end
        desires to subject the real property to the restrictions, servitudes, charges
        and liens hereinafter set forth, each and all of which is and are for the
        benefit of said Property and each owner of Estates therein; and

                WHEREAS, Developer has deemed it desirable, for the efficient
        preservation of the values of the Property, to create an agency to which
        should be delegated and assigned the powers of owning, maintaining[,]           and

        administering the common area (" Common Area")               and      improvements
       thereon and administering and enforcing the covenants and restrictions and
       collecting and disbursing the assessments and charges hereinafter created;
        and

              WHEREAS, Developer has caused to be incorporated, under the laws
        of the State of Louisiana, [ the HOA], a nonprofit corporation, for the
        purpose of exercising the aforesaid functions;

                NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the benefit to be
       derived by Declarant, and any subsequent Owner of Estates in the Property,
       Declarant, for itself and each and every subsequent Owner (` Owner" or
        Owners") of any and all portions of the Property, does hereby declare,
       adopt[,] and establish the following restrictions and easements ....

       Article VI, Section 7 of the Declaration, as originally filed, provides:

       Amendment. This Declaration may be amended unilaterally at any time and
       from time to time by Developer ( i) in order to execute the Developer' s
        uniform plan for the improvement, development, sale, use, maintenance[,]
       and    enjoyment     of   theProperty, or ( ii) for the preservation and
       enhancement of the value of the Property ... [ P] rovided, however, any
       such amendment shall not make any substantial changes in any of the
       provisions of this Declaration....  Any such amendment shall not become
       effective until the instrument evidencing such change has been filed of
        record.... Every purchaser or grantee of any interest in any real property
        made subject to this Declaration,   by acceptance of a deed or other
       conveyance therefor, thereby agrees that this Declaration may be amended
       only as provided in this Section.

       As noted above, Childers` petition for declaratory judgment challenged several

amendments made to the Declaration. The First Amendment, filed and recorded on May

14,   2004,   addressed Article II, section 4( g),   which     concerned      annual   and    special

assessments. Pursuant to the original Declaration, the Developer was not responsible for

assessments on Estates owned by the Developer, but was required to " fund any deficit

                                               E
which may exist between assessments and the annual budget[.]"                   However, the First

Amendment removed the requirement that the Developer would fund such a deficit. The

Fifth Amendment,         filed and recorded by the original developer on March 1,           2013,

addressed Article I, section 9, which originally defined the term " Estate" as " any parcel

of land shown upon any recorded subdivision plat of the Property upon which a single-

family residence may be constructed." As amended,                 Article I,   section 9 added an

exception for lots 38 and 39, providing that they "shall be considered one ( 1) `       estate' for

purposes of annual and special assessments, unless and until such a time as a ' single-

family residence' exists on both lots 38 and 39." Childers argued that the First and Fifth

Amendments were invalid because they (                1)   did not satisfy the requirements for

amendment of the Declaration as set forth in Article VI, Section 7, ( 2) substantially

changed the Declaration, and ( 3) violated Article II, section 4( f), which required that

assessments be applied uniformly to all Estates.

            In the Sixth Amendment, filed and recorded on October 21, 2013, Article I, section

7,   defining the term "     Developer,"   was   amended.      The original    Declaration defined

 Developer" as " Laurel Lakes Development Corporation." As amended, " Developer" was

defined as " Laurel Lakes Properties, L. L. C." Childers argued that the October 21, 2013

Amendment was invalid because it ( 1) did not satisfy the requirements for amendment

of the Declaration as set forth in Article VI, Section 7, ( 2) substantially changed the

Declaration, and ( 3) violated the meaning, spirit, and intent of the Declaration.

            Protesting the replacement of the original developer by Laurel Lakes Properties,

L. L. C.,   Childers further argued that any and all amendments " purportedly adopted by

Laurel Lakes Properties, L. L. C., [   were]   invalid and of no effect" because Laurel Lakes

Properties, L. L.C. was not the developer and therefore lacked authority to make the

amendments. In particular, Childers challenged the Seventh and Eighth Amendments.

The Seventh Amendment, filed and recorded on May 7, 2014, by Laurel Lakes Properties,

L. L. C., altered the notice requirements to the owners and developer to establish notice

by electronic mail delivery. The Eighth Amendment, filed and recorded on October 2,

2018, imposed landscape maintenance requirements and associated fines.

                                                  0
       Finally, Childers argued that Laurel Lakes Properties,          L. L. C., "[   was]   operating

solely for the benefit of Spencer and Gina Calahan [ the members and managers of Laurel

Lakes Properties, L. L. C.],    not in order to execute any sort of uniform plan for the

improvement, development,         sale,   use,   maintenance,   and   enjoyment of all         of the

subdivision]."   For example, Childers argued that the Calahans own lots 38 and 39, and

Laurel Lakes Properties, L. L. C. owns lots 11, 14, and 15. Thus, the Calahans have paid

assessments equivalent to estates located on one lot, as opposed to two lots, on lots 38

and 39, and Laurel Lakes Properties, L. L. C. has paid no assessments in connection with

lots 11, 14, and 15.

                                   SUMMARY JUDGMENT

       Appellate courts review summary judgments de nova, using the same criteria that

govern the trial court's consideration of whether summary judgment is appropriate.

Carman v. Livers, 2021- 0701 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 6/ 22), 341 So. 3d 749, 757, writ denied,

2022- 00753 ( La. 9/ 20/ 22),   346 So. 3d 290. That is, after an opportunity for adequate

discovery, a motion for summary judgment shall be granted if the motion, memorandum,

and supporting documents show there is no genuine issue of material fact and the mover

is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. LSA- C. C. P. art. 966( A)( 3). A " material fact" is

one that potentially ensures or precludes recovery, affects a litigant's ultimate success,

or determines the outcome of the legal dispute. A " genuine issue of material fact" is a

material fact about which reasonable people can disagree; if reasonable people can reach

only one conclusion, there is no need for trial on that issue and summary judgment is

appropriate. For purposes of summary judgment, the materiality of facts is determined

by the substantive law applicable to the case.         Moore v. Chevron USA, 2016- 0805

 La. App. 1 Cir. 5/ 25/ 17), 222 So. 3d 51, 54, writ denied, 2017- 1085 ( La. 10/ 16/ 17),        228

So. 3d 1221.

                                                  7
                       LOUISIANA HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION ACT
                             AND BUILDING RESTRICTIONS

        The       Louisiana   Homeowners    Association   Act,   LSA- R. S.   9: 1141. 1,   et seq.

  Homeowners Association Act" or " Act"), was enacted in 1999. LSA- R. S. 9: 1141. 3( A);

Louisiana Bureau of Credit Control, Inc. v. Landeche, 2008- 1099 ( La. App. 3 Cir.

3/ 4/ 09), 6 So. 3d 935, 937. The provisions of the Act are remedial in nature and, therefore,

apply both prospectively and retroactively. See Editors' Notes to LSA- R. S. 9: 1141. 1,         et

seg.

        For purposes of the Act, a homeowners association is defined as "               a nonprofit

corporation, unincorporated association, or other legal entity, which is created pursuant

to a declaration, whose members consist primarily of lot owners, and which is created to

manage or regulate, or both, the residential planned community." LSA- R. S. 9: 1141. 2( 5).

Each owner of a lot in the planned community regulated by a homeowners association is

a mandatory member of that association by virtue of such ownership. LSA- R. S.

9: 1141. 2( 7).    A " declaration"   is defined in the Act as any instrument,              however

denominated, that establishes or regulates, or both, a residential planned community,

and any amendment thereto. LSA- R. S. 9: 1141. 2( 4).

        The Act applies to all residential planned communities whose declarations have

been duly executed and filed for registry. LSA- R. S. 9: 1141. 3( A);     Louisiana Bureau of

Credit Control, Inc.,         6 So. 3d at 937. Such community or organizational documents,

including any building restrictions, which in this case consist of the Declaration and

subsequent amendments thereto, " shall have the force of law between the homeowners

association and the individual lot owners and as between individual lot owners." LSA- R. S.

9: 1141. 8. However, the Act cannot be construed to affect the validity or superiority of

any provision of a community document; only to the extent the community documents

are silent shall the provisions of the Act apply. LSA -RS. 9: 1141. 3( A); Louisiana Bureau

of Credit Control, Inc., 6 So. 3d at 937- 38.

        The duly executed Declaration herein established the planned community of Laurel

Lakes Estates and subjected the property defined therein to certain building restrictions,

rights of use, servitudes, covenants, and charges for the benefit of the property and the
owners thereof. Port Louis Owners Association, Inc.                               v.   Caronna,   2021- 0901

 La. App. 1 Cir. 3/ 30/ 22), 2022 WL 999738, *               2(   unpublished),   writ denied, 2022- 00861

 La. 9/ 27/ 22), 347 So -3d 158. Under the Homeowners Association Act, the imposition of

an affirmative duty, " including the affirmative duty to pay monthly or periodic dues or

fees, or assessments for a particular expense or capital improvement, that are reasonable

for the maintenance, improvement, or safety, or any combination thereof, of the planned

community" constitutes a building restriction.'                   LSA- R. S. 9: 1141. 5( B).   Once building

restrictions are recorded in the public records, a subsequent acquirer of immovable

property burdened with such restrictions is bound by them. The restrictions need not

appear in the act of acquisition of the present owner or in his chain of title. It suffices

that the document establishing the restrictions was filed for registry in the public record

at the time the original subdivider conveyed the property to the ancestor of the present

owner. Oak Harbor, 934 So. 2d at 817.

        Building restrictions may be amended or terminated as provided in the act of

creation, and in the absence of such a provision in the act of creation, the restrictions

may be amended or terminated as prescribed by LSA- C. C.                           art.   780. See LSA- R. S.

9: 1141. 5- 1141. 6; Oak Harbor, 934 So. 2d at 817- 18. In the case of building restrictions

imposed on a subdivision,            the restrictions may be likened to a contract among the

property owners and the developer. Thus, when disputes arise as to the extent or

limitation of a restriction affecting immovable property, courts look to the express

intention of the party encumbering the property as set forth in the instruments embodying

the   restrictions,     giving due consideration to the entire document.                       Bordelon v.

Homeowners Association of Lake Ramsey, Inc., 2004- 1115 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 5/ 6/ 05),

916 So. 2d 179, 183.

1 Building restrictions are incorporeal immovables and suigeneris real rights likened to predial servitudes.
LSA- C. C. art. 777. As real rights, building restrictions are not rights personal to the vendor. Rather, they
inure to the benefit of all other property owners under a general plan of development, and are real rights
running with the land. Oak Harbor Property Owners' Association, Inc. v. Millennium Group I,
L. L. C., 2005- 0802 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 5/ 5/ 06), 934 So. 2d 814, 817.
                                  NULLITY OF CONTRACTS

        The    covenants   between      homeowners           and      homeowners          associations    are

considered    contracts.   See   English Turn           Prop. Owner' s Association, Inc.                   v.

Contogouris, 2016- 1284 ( La. App. 4 Cir. 10/ 18/ 17), 228 So. 3d 793, 797- 799, writ denied

sub    nom.   English Turn Prop. Owner' s Association, Inc.                     v.   Marilyn Cutrone

Contogouris, 2017- 2059 ( La. 2/ 2/ 18),         235 So. 3d 1107. Thus, they are subject to

interpretation and enforcement as contracts. See Port Louis Owners Association, Inc.

v.    Caronna,   2021- 0901 (    La. App.   1   Cir.    3/ 30/ 22),     2022   WL    999738, *     2, *   8- 9

 unpublished),   writ denied,    2022- 00861 ( La.        9/ 27/ 22),    347 So.     3d    158;   Doyle v.

Lonesome Development, Ltd. Liability Co., 2017- 0787 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 7/ 18/ 18),                        254

So. 3d 714, 728, writ denied, 2018- 1369 ( La. 11/ 14/ 18), 256 So. 3d 291; Fern Creek

Owners' Association, Inc. v. City of Mandeville, 2008- 1694 ( La. App. 1 Or. 6/ 30/ 09),

21 So. 3d 369, 382- 83.

        The proper interpretation of a contract is a question of law subject to de novo

review on appeal. When considering legal issues, the reviewing court accords no special

weight to the trial court, but conducts a de novo review of questions of law and renders

judgment on the record. Louisiana Machinery Co.,                      LLC v. Bihm Equipment Co.,

2019- 1081 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 8/ 10/ 21) 329 So. 3d 317, 321. Further, when parties are bound

by a valid contract and material facts are not in conflict, the contract's application to the

case is a matter of law and summary judgment would be appropriate. Country Club of

Louisiana Property Owners Association, Inc. v. Baton Rouge Water Works Co.,

2019- 1373 ( La. App. 1 Or. 8/ 17/ 20), 311 So. 3d 395, 399.

        A contract is null when the requirements for its formation have not been met. LSA-

C. C. art. 2029. The two types of nullities provided for in the civil code are absolute

nullities, governed by LSA-C. C. art. 2030, and relative nullities, governed by LSA- C. C. art.

2031. Radcliffe 10, L. L. C. v. Burger, 2016- 0768 ( La. 1/ 25/ 17), 219 So. 3d 296, 300. A

contract is absolutely null when it violates a rule of public order, such as when the object

of a contract is illicit or immoral. An absolutely null contract may not be confirmed. LSA-

C. C. art. 2030. Further, the action for annulment of an absolutely null contract does not

prescribe. LSA- C. C. art. 2032. In contrast, a contract is relatively null when it violates a

                                                  Qin
rule intended for the protection of private parties, as when a party lacked capacity or did

not give free consent at the time the contract was made. A contract which is only relatively
null may be confirmed. LSA- C. C.       art.   2031.   Action of annulment of a relatively null

contract must be brought within five years from the time the ground for nullity either

ceased, as in the case of incapacity or duress, or was discovered, as in the case of error

or fraud. LSA- C. C. art. 2032. Accordingly, the question of whether Childers' claims were

subject to the five- year prescriptive period of LSA-C. C. art. 2032, or were not subject to

prescription at all, depends on whether the basis of the alleged nullity was a violation of

a " rule of public order" intended to protect a large class of persons or a rule " intended

for the protection of private parties." See LSA- C. C. arts. 2030 & 2031; see also Radcliffe

10, L. L. C., 219 So. 3d at 300.

                                         DISCUSSION

        On appeal, Childers argued that the trial court erred in granting the HOA's motion

for partial summary judgment because his claims are not prescribed under LSA- C. C. art.

2032. Having conducted a thorough de novo review of the record before us, we find that

the HOA is entitled to partial summary judgment dismissing Childers' claims as a matter

of law on the basis of prescription, and affirm the judgment of the trial court, for the

following reasons.

        In his petition, Childers alleged that the challenged amendments failed to comply

with the provisions of the Declaration regarding amendments and violated the provisions

of the Declaration. Because Childers alleged that the challenged amendments violated

the Declaration, which was a contract between private parties and not a rule of public

order, Childers' claims constitute claims of relative nullity, rather than absolute nullity.

Thus, Childers was required to taring his action to annul the challenged amendments

within five years from the time the ground for nullity was discovered. See LSA- C. C. art.

2032.

        A summary judgment may be rendered or affirmed only as to those issues set

forth in the motion under consideration by the court at that time.              LSA- C. C. P.   art.

966( F)( 1).   In this matter, the HOA' s motion for partial summary judgment set forth the

issues of prescription     and,    alternatively, whether Childers could     produce evidence

                                                 11
sufficient to meet his burden of proof on the issue of whether the challenged amendments

were passed in accordance with the process outlined in the Declaration and/ or violated

the terms of the Declaration. The HOA's motion for partial summary judgment contended

that the five- year prescriptive period began to run from the dates the challenged

amendments were recorded. We agree. Thus, Childers' claims regarding the following

amendments were facially prescribed: the First Amendment, filed and recorded on May
14, 2004;   the Fifth Amendment, filed and recorded on March               1,   2013;   the Sixth

Amendment, filed and recorded on October 21, 2013; and the Seventh Amendment, filed

and recorded on May 7, 2014.

       Childers countered that pursuant to Bruce v. Simonson Investments, Inc.,

251 La. 893, 902, 207 So. 2d 360, 364 ( 1968), requiring him to check the public records

every five years would be contrary to law. In Bruce, the landowners voted, by majority

vote as provided for in the act establishing the building restrictions, to amend the building

restrictions to allow certain residential areas to be used as parking areas. However, the

act set forth specific notice and meeting requirements, which were not met. Bruce, 207

So. 2d at 363. Thus, the contested amendment, which "       reflect[ ed]   no compliance with

the notice and meeting requirements of the basic contract," was found to be void on its

face. The Supreme Court held that because the contested amendment was void on its

face, the five-year prescriptive period applicable to null contracts did not apply. Bruce,

207 So. 2d at 363. Childers heavily relies on the Supreme Court's statement that, " A

contrary rule, as plaintiffs have noted, would require the owners in such a subdivision to

check the public records for [ amending] documents at least every five years in order to

preserve the building restrictions. The law wisely opposes such a result." Bruce, 207

So. 2d at 364. However, we do not find this language from Bruce to be determinative of

the issue before us, for several reasons.

       To begin, Bruce is significantly distinguishable from the instant matter. In Bruce,

the contested amendment was not executed in accordance with the notice and meeting

requirements set forth in the terms of the governing document. In this matter, however,

Article VI, Section 7 of the Declaration explicitly authorized the unilateral amendment of

the Declaration.

                                             12
          Article VI, Section 7 provides:

          Amendment. This Declaration may be amended unilaterally at any time
          and from time to time by Developer ( i) in order to execute the Developer' s
          uniform plan for the improvement, development, sale, use, maintenance[,]
          and    enjoyment   of   the  Property, or ( ii) for the preservation and
          enhancement of the value of the Property ... [ P] rovided, however, any
          such amendment shah not make any substantial changes in any of the
          provisions of this Declaration....  Any such amendment shall not become
          effective until the instrument evidencing such change has been filed of
          record....
                      Every purchaser or grantee of any interest in any real property
          made subject to this Declaration, by acceptance of a deed or other
          conveyance therefor, thereby agrees that this Declaration may be amended
          only as provided in this Section. ( Emphasis added).

Thus, in stark contrast to the act at issue in Bruce, the Declaration in this matter

authorizes unilateral amendment by the developer, without notice to the homeowners

other than public recordation. Further, any amendment becomes effective when filed of

record.     Based on the public record, Childers could have discovered the challenged

amendments,
                    and therefore the bases for his nullity claim,     within   the five-year

prescriptive period of each amendment. While Bruce states that the law wisely opposes

a rule that would require owners in such a subdivision to check the public records for

amending documents at least every five years in order to preserve the building

restrictions, it is unclear what law Bruce is referring to, and we can find no law prohibiting

parties from contractually binding themselves to do so.

          We agree that the imposition of a requirement that an owner check the public

records every five years appears undesirable. However, it is also problematic that the

Declaration in this matter permits unilateral amendment by the developer,             without

requiring notice directed to the owners. Nevertheless, the terms of the Declaration, which

 have the force of law between the [ HOA] and the individual lot owners[,            such   as

Childers,]"      plainly and unambiguously contemplated unilateral amendment by the

developer, without notice to the homeowners, effective upon public recordation of the

instrument evidencing the amendment. See LSA- R.S. 9: 1141. 8. Additionally, because the

Declaration was recorded prior to Childers' purchase of his lot in Laurel Lakes Estates,

Childers,       as a subsequent acquirer of immovable property burdened with such

restrictions, was, and remains, bound by them. See Oak Harbor, 934 So. 2d at 817.

Therefore, Childers was on notice that amendments to the Declaration could occur

                                               13
without his consent and would be effective upon recordation, consented to these terms,

and was bound by them. Accordingly, the HOA was entitled to judgment granting its

motion for partial summary judgment as a matter of law on the issue of prescription

regarding the First, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Amendments, which were all filed and

recorded more than five years prior to the institution of this suit. Having found that

Childers' claims were prescribed as to these amendments, we need not consider the

merits of his arguments questioning whether these amendments were proper.

         Childers' challenge to the Eighth Amendment does not appear to be prescribed as

it was filed and recorded on October 2, 2018. Nonetheless, having thoroughly considered

the law and the record before us, we find that the trial court properly granted the HOA's

motion for partial summary judgment as to same. Childers' objection to the Eighth

Amendment, as set forth in his petition, was that it was " null and without effect because

Laurei    Lakes   Properties,   L. L. C.   had no authority to unilaterally declare such an

amendment to the Declaration because it was not the ' Developer"' as defined in the

Declaration. In the HOA's motion for partial summary judgment, the HOA argued that

Laurel    Lakes   Properties,   L. L. C.   had been passing and filing amendments to the

Declaration as the Developer since 2014, and because Childers did not timely object to

the authority of Laurel Lakes Properties, L. L. C. to amend the Declaration, Childers waived

his objection to the Eighth Amendment on the basis of Laurel Lakes Properties, L. L. C.' s

purported lack of authority to amend the Declaration. Significantly, as discussed above,

the Sixth Amendment to the Declaration identified Laurel Lakes Properties, L. L. C. as the

Developer. Further, we have found Childers' claim challenging the Sixth Amendment to

be prescribed. Accordingly, Childers' argument that the Eighth Amendment is null because

Laurel Lakes Properties, L. L. C. lacked authority to amend the Declaration fails.

         The HOA also argued that Childers could not provide any evidence establishing

that the Eighth Amendment was not enacted pursuant to the process provided in the

Declaration. In opposition, Childers argued that the Eighth Amendment "fa ffed] to qualify

under the enumerated items of Article VI, [ Section] 7 of the Declaration," because it "was

not needed in order to execute the Developer' s uniform plan for the improvement,

development, sale, use, maintenance[,]           and enjoyment of the Property," and further,

                                                  14
 resulted in `   substantial changes in any provisions (      sic)      of [   the]   Declaration."'        We

disagree. As set forth herein, Article VI, Section 7 of the Declaration provides that the

Declaration may be amended unilaterally at any time by the Developer "(                       i)   in order to

execute the Developer's uniform plan for the improvement, development, sale,                               use,

maintenance[,]     and enjoyment of the Property,          or (   ii)   for the preservation               and

enhancement of the value of the Property[.]" Imposition of landscape maintenance

requirements is consistent with        both " the improvement, development,                        sale,   use,

maintenance[,]     and enjoyment of the Property,"   and " the preservation and enhancement

of the value of the Property[.]" Further, as Childers noted in his opposition, before the

Eighth Amendment was enacted, "[ t] he Declaration already set forth requirements for

Estate maintenance and provided the ACC with a mechanism to cure any maintenance

issues[.]' Thus,   the   landscape   maintenance     requirements        set forth       in        the   Eighth

Amendment do not constitute prohibited "           substantial    changes"        to the Declaration.

Accordingly, the trial court properly granted partial summary judgment dismissing

Childers' claim as to the Eighth Amendment.

                                       CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the 3anuary 24, 2022 judgment of the trial court is

affirmed. Costs of this appeal are assessed against Bruce Childers.

       AFFIRMED.

                                              15
BRUCE CHILDERS                                         STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS                                                 COURT OF APPEAL

LAUREL LADE ESTATES                                   FIRST CIRCUIT
HOMEOWNERS' ASSOCIATION,
INC.                                                   NO. 2022 CA 0936

HOLDRIDGE, J.,       agreeing in part and dissenting in part.

       I agree in part and dissent in part with the report. I agree that the appellant' s

challenge to the first, fifth, sixth, and seventh amendments are prescribed. I agree

that the eighth amendment is not prescribed.      I further find that there are genuine

issues of law and fact as to whether Laurel Lakes Properties, L.L.C. is the developer

and whether it can make unilateral amendments to the Declaration.