Court Opinion

ID: 9352546
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-01-06 20:08:27.373627+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:57:50.023947
License: Public Domain

J-A27033-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    TIMOTHY HESS                               :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 221 MDA 2022

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 17, 2021
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-22-CR-0000921-2019

BEFORE:      DUBOW, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.:                            FILED: JANUARY 6, 2023

        Appellant, Timothy Hess, appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed following his conviction of indecent assault of a child less than 13

years old and corruption of minors.1 We affirm.

        Appellant was formerly the vice-principal of an elementary school in

Harrisburg and the victim, I.M., was a student in that school from kindergarten

through fourth grade between approximately 2012 and 2016.             After I.M.

reported in 2018 that Appellant had repeatedly sexually abused him while I.M.

was a student at Appellant’s school, the Harrisburg Police Department arrested

Appellant and charged him with the above-stated offenses.

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1   18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3126(a)(7), 6301(a)(1)(ii).
J-A27033-22

      A jury trial commenced in this case on August 16, 2021. In its opinion,

the trial court recounted the evidence presented by the Commonwealth as

follows:

      I.M., sixteen (16) years old at the time of trial, attended the
      [elementary school] from kindergarten through fourth (4th)
      grade. [N.T. (Trial), at 20-22.] Students were required to wear
      uniforms and to keep their shirts tucked into their pants. [Id. at
      22.] Although it was common for teachers to direct I.M. to tuck
      his shirt in, they never physically did it for him. [Id. at 23.]
      Likewise, when I.M. would go to the bathroom to re-tuck his shirt
      privately, the teachers did not accompany him. [Id.]

      However, I.M.’s experience with [Appellant], [the school’s] vice-
      principal, was different. [Id. at 29-31.] I.M. felt that [Appellant]
      favored him over other children and spoke to him more than he
      did the others. [Id. at 30-31.] When [Appellant] would notice
      I.M. with an untucked shirt, he would accompany him to the
      bathroom and re-tuck it himself. [Id. at 32.] Although it was
      usually just the tail of the shirt that was untucked, [Appellant]
      would untuck the rest of the shirt, unbutton I.M.’s pants, and then
      re-tuck the shirt on all sides. [Id.]

      While tucking I.M.’s shirt, [Appellant] would begin “caressing”
      I.M.’s stomach and chest with his hands. [Id. at 34.] While doing
      so, [Appellant] would comment on how tall I.M. was and how big
      he was getting. [Id. at 37.] The touching would then escalate.
      Sometimes [Appellant] would rub and squeeze I.M.’s penis over
      his pants. [Id. at 33.] Sometimes he would rub and squeeze
      I.M.’s penis and testicles under his pants but over his underwear.
      [Id. at 34-35.] At other times [Appellant] would “stroke” I.M.’s
      penis under his underwear. [Id. at 35-36.] I.M. described this
      action as [Appellant] having his hand around I.M.’s penis and
      moving it back and forth from base to tip. [Id. at 36.] All of these
      behaviors occurred with one hand while [Appellant] tucked I.M.’s
      shirt in with the other hand. [Id. at 34.]

      [Appellant] continued to engage in this touching of I.M. from
      kindergarten through either third (3rd) or fourth (4th) grade. [Id.
      at 38.] The frequency of the encounters varied, sometimes
      occurring multiple times per-day and other times only happening
      a few times per week. [Id.] I.M. never reported the abuse while

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      a student at [the elementary school] because he “thought it was
      normal.” [Id. at 39.] He eventually reported it after leaving [the
      school], without naming [Appellant], to his middle school vice-
      principal. [Id.] Only after beginning counseling to address the
      abuse, while in seventh (7th) grade, did I.M. reveal [Appellant] as
      the perpetrator. [Id. at 39-40.]

Trial Court Opinion, 3/2/22, at 2-3. Appellant submitted to four interviews

with officers with the Harrisburg Police Department and the Lower Paxton

Township Police Department; the video recordings of these interviews were

played for the jury at trial. See id. at 3-4; N.T. (Trial), at 48-51, 53-54, 61-

62, 66-71.

      In addition, two witnesses testified for the defense.    Patricia Carlson

Friedman, who worked with Appellant as a teacher in the elementary school

from 2011 to 2020, testified that when younger students at the school asked

her for help with their clothing—such as tucking in their shirt or helping with

a zipper—she would do so. N.T. (Trial), at 76-77, 80-81. Ms. Friedman stated

that she was “sure everyone in the building has had that same thing happen.”

Id. at 81. Ms. Friedman taught I.M. in second grade and she never recalled

anything unusual about his bathroom habits, such as him needing to go again

shortly after returning from a visit, nor did he ever state that anything

happened during a trip to the bathroom. Id. at 88-89. Ms. Friedman further

stated that she also knew Appellant from church activities outside of school

and opined that he has a reputation in the community as a law-abiding citizen.

Id. at 81-82.

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       Patricia Peffley, who also taught at the school during the relevant period,

testified that she also assisted the students with their clothing when necessary

and she would on occasion step into the bathroom to do so. Id. at 90-91, 94.

Ms. Peffley never witnessed any concerning behavior from any of the

administrators of the school, and she also believed that Appellant’s reputation

in the community was as a law-abiding citizen. Id. at 94-96.

       On August 17, 2021, the jury convicted Appellant of indecent assault of

a child and corruption of minors.          On December 17, 2021, the trial court

sentenced him to a term of imprisonment of 9 to 23 months for indecent

assault and a concurrent seven-year term of probation for corruption of

minors. Appellant filed a timely post-sentence motion, which the trial court

denied on January 3, 2022. Appellant thereafter filed this timely appeal. 2

       Appellant presents the following issues on appeal:

       I. Whether the Trial Court erred in finding sufficient evidence to
       convict [Appellant] of 18 [Pa.C.S. § 3126(a)(7)] - Indecent
       Assault Person Less than 13 Years of Age when the
       Commonwealth failed to establish a material element of the crime
       beyond a reasonable doubt, in that the touching, if any, of the
       victim by the [Appellant], while tucking in the victim’s shirt, was
       for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire in either
       person beyond a reasonable doubt?

       II. Whether the Trial Court abused its discretion in denying
       [Appellant]’s Post-Sentence Motion challenging the weight of the
       evidence and denying a request for a new trial on the charge of
       18 [Pa.C.S. § 3126(a)(7)] - Indecent Assault Person Less than 13
____________________________________________

2Appellant filed his concise statement of errors complained of on appeal on
February 23, 2022, and the trial court filed its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion on
March 2, 2022.

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       Years of Age when the evidence presented was so weak and
       inconclusive that no probability of fact can be drawn from the
       combined circumstances when [Appellant] presented multiple
       witnesses who worked at the school with [Appellant] who reported
       that [Appellant] wasn’t alone with children, that the victim was
       not gone an abnormal amount of time in comparison to other
       students and that no other student had made such accusations?

Appellant’s Brief at 4 (suggested answers omitted).3

       Appellant first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence of his indecent

assault conviction. A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence presents a

question of law and is subject to plenary review under a de novo standard.

Commonwealth v. Smith, 234 A.3d 576, 581 (Pa. 2020). When reviewing

the sufficiency of the evidence, we must determine whether the evidence

admitted at trial and all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, viewed in the

light most favorable to the Commonwealth, were sufficient to prove every

element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt.         Id.   “[T]he facts and

circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every

possibility of innocence.” Commonwealth v. Bowens, 265 A.3d 730, 740
____________________________________________

3 Appellant also included a third issue in his statement of questions presented
related to the trial court’s overruling of his hearsay objection to the admission
of his videotaped statements with police—an issue he also included in his
concise statement, and which the trial court rejected in its opinion. See
Appellant’s Brief at 4; Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement, 2/23/22, ¶2.c; Trial Court
Opinion, 3/2/22, at 7-9. However, Appellant acknowledged in his brief that
the claim lacks merit as his statements fall within the hearsay exception for a
statement by a party opponent. See Appellant’s Brief at 12; Pa.R.E.
803(25)(A) (statement made by opposing party in an individual or
representative capacity and offered against him shall not be excluded by rule
against hearsay); Commonwealth v. Edwards, 903 A.2d 1139, 1157-58
(Pa. 2006) (hearsay exception for opposing party’s statement applies to
statement by criminal defendant).

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(Pa. Super. 2021) (en banc) (citation omitted).       “The Commonwealth may

sustain its burden of proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable

doubt by means of wholly circumstantial evidence.” Id. (citation omitted).

Finally, we note that the trier of fact has the authority to determine the weight

of the evidence and credibility of the witnesses and is free to believe all, part,

or none of the evidence. Id. at 741.

      Appellant was convicted of the indecent assault offense set forth at

Section 3126(a)(7), which provides as follows:

      (a) Offense defined.--A person is guilty of indecent assault if
      the person has indecent contact with the complainant, causes the
      complainant to have indecent contact with the person or
      intentionally causes the complainant to come into contact with
      seminal fluid, urine or feces for the purpose of arousing sexual
      desire in the person or the complainant and:

         ...

         (7) the complainant is less than 13 years of age[.]

18 Pa.C.S. § 3126(a)(7). Indecent contact is defined as “[a]ny touching of

the sexual or other intimate parts of the person for the purpose of arousing

or gratifying sexual desire, in any person.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 3101.

      Pennsylvania’s    indecent    assault   statute    thus   subsumes      two

requirements:     “first, the unwanted touching of certain body parts, and,

second, sexual intent, i.e., touching for the purpose of arousing or gratifying

sexual desire.”   Commonwealth v. Gamby, 283 A.3d 298, 311-12 (Pa.

2022); see also id. at 301 n.1.           In addition, as relevant here, the

Commonwealth was also required to prove that the victim, I.M., was under 13

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years of age at the time of the contact. 18 Pa.C.S. § 3126(a)(7); In the

Interest of D.C., 263 A.3d 326, 336-37 (Pa. Super. 2021). Furthermore,

Appellant was convicted of indecent assault graded as a felony of the third

degree, which required proof that “[t]here has been a course of conduct of

indecent assault by the person.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 3126(b)(3)(ii); D.C., 263 A.3d

at 337 (stating that a course of conduct requires multiple acts over time); see

also Information, 12/18/19.

      Appellant challenges only the Commonwealth’s proof as to the

requirement that the touching was “for the purpose of arousing or gratifying

sexual desire, in any person.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 3101. Noting I.M.’s admission

that he frequently kept his shirt untucked and he had to be frequently

reminded to comply with the school’s dress code, Appellant argues that his

actions of assisting in tucking in I.M.’s shirt, “if any, were to simply correct

the victim’s dress and [were] not proven to be sexual in nature.” Appellant’s

Brief at 7-8.

      In its opinion, the trial court concluded that, viewing the evidence in the

light most favorable to the Commonwealth as required in a sufficiency

analysis, Appellant’s “conduct can be couched no other way than an intent to

‘arouse sexual desire.’”   Trial Court Opinion, 3/2/22, at 6.     The trial court

noted various facts established at trial that weighed in favor of this conclusion,

including that: (a) Appellant “favored I.M. and gave more attention to him

than he did to other children”; (b) Appellant “accompanied I.M. to the

bathroom and tucked his shirt in for him when other teachers would simply

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tell students to do it themselves”;” (c) Appellant “‘caressed’ I.M.’s chest and

stomach while telling him how big and tall he had become”; (d) Appellant

“repeatedly, over several years, rubbed and squeezed I.M. on his penis and

testicles, both over his pants, over his underwear, and under his underwear”;

and (e) Appellant “‘stroked’ I.M.’s penis under his underwear by grabbing it

with his entire hand and moving it back and forth from base to tip.” Id. at 5-

6; see also N.T. (Trial), at 23, 29-38.

      We agree with the trial court’s analysis. This Court has held that “an

act [that] does not occur outside of the context of a sexual or intimate

situation” may support the determination that contact with an individual’s

sexual or intimate parts was for the purpose of sexual gratification or arousal.

Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa. Super. 2006).

Furthermore, the element of arousal or sexual gratification may be proved

solely through circumstantial evidence. Bowens, 265 A.3d at 740; see also,

e.g., Commonwealth v. Capo, 727 A.2d 1126, 1128 (Pa. Super. 1999)

(holding that evidence was sufficient to prove touching was done for purpose

of arousal and sexual gratification where the appellant’s “gropings and

pawings” of the victim were consistent with “a failed attempt to gratify sexual

desire”). We additionally observe that “the uncorroborated testimony of the

complaining witness is sufficient to convict a defendant of sexual offenses.”

Commonwealth v. Castelhun, 889 A.2d 1228, 1232 (Pa. Super. 2005)

(citation omitted). This is true even where the complaining witness is a minor.

See Commonwealth v. Juray, 275 A.3d 1037, 1046 (Pa. Super. 2022)

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(minor victim’s testimony alone was sufficient to support guilty verdict for

aggravated indecent assault, indecent assault, and corruption of minors).

      In this matter, I.M.’s testimony was sufficient for the jury to conclude

that Appellant’s conduct was for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual

desire.   I.M. described contact which normally does not occur outside the

context of a sexual or intimate situation, namely the touching, squeezing, and

stroking of his genitals. Appellant’s actions were accompanied by comments,

such as the statements of how big and tall I.M. had become, that also allowed

for an inference that the actions were related to sexual arousal or gratification.

Additionally, I.M. did not describe a single incident when Appellant assisted

him in tucking in his shirt but rather conduct that was repeated many times

over the course of four or five school years. We accordingly conclude that

Appellant’s sufficiency challenge to the sexual arousal or gratification element

of his indecent assault conviction fails.

      In his second issue, Appellant argues that his indecent assault conviction

was against the weight of the evidence. Appellant argues that the “evidence

presented by the [C]ommonwealth was so weak and inconclusive that no

probability of fact can be drawn from the combined circumstances and

Appellant is [therefore] entitled to a new trial.”      Appellant’s Brief at 11.

Appellant asserts that I.M.’s testimony was vague, inconsistent, and

improbable. Appellant notes that I.M. testified that the incidents would occur

“sometimes [] two or three times a day, sometimes two or three times a week”

over the course of four or five school years, yet the victim acknowledged in a

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child advocacy center interview that the abuse occurred only five or ten times

in total. N.T. (Trial), at 38, 46. Appellant contends that I.M.’s testimony that,

if Appellant intercepted him on the way to use the bathroom, he would wait

and go another time, id. at 45, was contradicted by the testimony of I.M.’s

second-grade teacher, Ms. Friedman, that she never noticed anything unusual

about Appellant’s bathroom habits. Id. at 88-89. Appellant also asserts that

“[t]he victim’s testimony that he would leave to use the restroom and then

not use it is contradictory to common sense knowledge of small children.”

Appellant’s Brief at 11.

      Appellant further argues that I.M.’s testimony that other teachers never

assisted him in tucking in his shirt, N.T. (Trial), at 23, was contrary to the

testimony of the two teachers who testified at trial. Ms. Friedman stated:

      We’re an elementary school so kids are younger . . . [and they]
      will ask for help. So . . . I have been asked to help students tuck
      in their shirts and I’m sure everyone in the building has had that
      same thing happen, or help them with a zipper or . . . whatever it
      may be.

      . . . [I]f a kid would ask me to do it, I would want someone to help
      me out too, so that’s just kind of where my mind would go.

Id. at 80-81. Ms. Peffley testified:

      Of course we [assisted students in tucking in their shirts]. I mean,
      these were little kids. They were often outgrowing clothing.
      Clothing was tight and kids would say can you help me with my
      belt, you know, can you help me with my shirttails. And if they
      asked[,] we did. It was not at all uncommon for a young child to
      need help.

Id. at 94.

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      Appellant also argues that the jury inappropriately disregarded

statements by Detective Neal, the lead investigator of the case, on cross-

examination. Detective Neal interviewed 8 to 10 individuals who worked at

the school and a communication was sent to all the families of children who

were students of Appellant.      Id. at 74-75.      Yet, Appellant argues that

“[n]either the interviews with employees or the letters yielded further

accusations against [] Appellant.” Appellant’s Brief at 11.

      We are guided by the following principles when reviewing a claim that

the verdict is against the weight of the evidence. “The weight of the evidence

is exclusively for the finder of fact, who is free to believe all, none or some of

the evidence and to determine the credibility of witnesses.” Commonwealth

v. Clemens, 242 A.3d 659, 667 (Pa. Super. 2020) (citation omitted).             A

verdict will only be reversed as against the weight of the evidence where the

evidence is “so tenuous, vague and uncertain that the verdict shocks the

conscience of the court.” Commonwealth v. Delmonico, 251 A.3d 829, 837

(Pa. Super. 2021) (citation omitted).

      A motion for a new trial based on a weight-of-the-evidence claim is

addressed to the discretion of the trial court, and therefore we review only the

lower court’s exercise of discretion and not the underlying question of whether

the verdict is against the weight of the evidence. Commonwealth v. James,

268 A.3d 461, 468 (Pa. Super. 2021).           When reviewing a trial court’s

determination on a weight claim, we give the “gravest consideration to the

findings and reasons advanced by the trial judge” because it is the trial judge,

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not the appellate court, that had the opportunity to see and hear the evidence

presented. Delmonico, 251 A.3d at 837 (citation omitted).

      The trial court rejected Appellant’s weight-of-the-evidence claim, finding

that nothing in the verdict shocked its sense of justice. Trial Court Opinion,

3/2/22, at 7. We discern no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s conclusion.

Appellant has not identified contradictions in the victim’s testimony that

render it so unreliable or contradictory such that we would be required to

overturn the jury’s verdict. Furthermore, while the defense witnesses testified

that they also assisted students with their clothing issues, they did not offer

any testimony regarding assisting I.M. with his clothing or any observations

of Appellant’s interactions with I.M.   Finally, even to the extent Detective

Neal’s communications with parents and school personnel did not reveal

further allegations of abuse against Appellant, the jury was called upon only

to address whether Appellant engaged in inappropriate touching of I.M. The

jury clearly found I.M.’s description of Appellant’s contact with him to be

credible, and we may not upset this credibility finding on appeal. Appellant is

thus entitled to no relief on his weight-of-the-evidence claim.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 01/06/2023

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