Court Opinion

ID: 4539665
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-06-08 15:03:23.635946+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:43:52.299282
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
      Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
                                                                                         FILED
      this Memorandum Decision shall not be
      regarded as precedent or cited before any                                  Jun 08 2020, 8:53 am

      court except for the purpose of establishing                                       CLERK
                                                                                     Indiana Supreme Court
      the defense of res judicata, collateral                                           Court of Appeals
                                                                                          and Tax Court
      estoppel, or the law of the case.

      ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
      Mark S. Lenyo                                            Benjamin J. Shoptaw
      South Bend, Indiana                                      Deputy Attorney General
                                                               Indianapolis, Indiana

                                                 IN THE
          COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

      Cortez Walker,                                           June 8, 2020
      Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                               19A-CR-3025
              v.                                               Appeal from the St. Joseph
                                                               Superior Court
      State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable Julie P. Verheye,
      Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Magistrate
                                                               Trial Court Cause No.
                                                               71D07-1907-CM-2594

      Najam, Judge.

                                       Statement of the Case
[1]   Cortez Walker appeals his conviction for disorderly conduct, as a Class B

      misdemeanor, following a bench trial. Walker raises one issue for our review,

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-3025 | June 8, 2020                           Page 1 of 5
      namely, whether the State presented sufficient evidence to rebut his claims of

      self-defense and defense of others. We affirm.

                                 Facts and Procedural History
[2]   On July 1, 2019, Johnnie Anderson and his wife, Arnetta, stopped at a Burger

      King restaurant so that Arnetta could use the restroom. While Arnetta was

      inside, Walker and his girlfriend, Andrea Campbell, arrived at the Burger King

      in Walker’s car. Also with them were Walker and Campbell’s children and

      Campbell’s brother. Walker stopped in the parking lot, but he and Campbell

      remained in the car. Arnetta then exited the restaurant and saw Walker’s car in

      between the entrance and her car. Arnetta had a restraining order against

      Walker, so she was “skeptical” of walking by his vehicle because she “didn’t

      know if he was going to hit [her] or not.” Tr. Vol. II at 16.

[3]   When Arnetta passed Walker’s car, Campbell said that she “needed to fight”

      Arnetta. Id. at 17. In response, Arnetta said “I’m right here, [Campbell], let’s

      fight.” Id. However, Arnetta kept walking toward her car. At that point,

      Walker moved his car to a parking spot, and Campbell got out of the car. After

      Campbell exited her vehicle, Arnetta went over to her, and the two women

      decided to fight each other. Arnetta then “threw the first punch.” Id. at 28.

[4]   As soon as the women began to fight, Walker and other individuals got out of

      Walker’s car and “jumped in” the fight. Id. at 29. During the altercation,

      Walker and the others struck and kicked Arnetta, and one of Campbell’s

      children pulled Arnetta’s hair. Id. at 19. At some point, Arnetta was “pushed

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-3025 | June 8, 2020   Page 2 of 5
      to the ground.” Id. While Arnetta was on the ground, Walker “kicked [her] in

      [her] head.” Id. At that point, Johnnie got involved in order “to get them off”

      of Arnetta. Id. at 25. Johnnie then fell to the ground, and Walker and another

      man “kicked” and “stomped on” on him. Id. at 48.

[5]   Campbell’s brother, who was the manager of Burger King, broke up the fight.

      Johnnie and Arnetta left Burger King and went to the hospital, and they called

      the police. Officer David Boutsomsy with the South Bend Police Department

      responded to the call, and he met Johnnie and Arnetta at the hospital. Officer

      Boutsomsy observed that Johnnie had lacerations to his head and legs and that

      his arm was in a sling. He also observed that Arnetta had some bruising and

      other “minor injuries.” Id. at 8.

[6]   The State charged Walker with disorderly conduct, as a Class B misdemeanor.

      At his ensuing bench trial, Walker admitted that he had kicked Arnetta in the

      head and that he had fought Johnnie, but he asserted that he had acted in self-

      defense and in the defense of others. The court found that Walker “chose to

      participate” in the fight and that he had kicked two people who were “down on

      the ground.” Id. at 84. Accordingly, the court rejected Walker’s defenses and

      found him guilty. This appeal ensued.

                                     Discussion and Decision
[7]   On appeal, Walker asserts that the State failed to present sufficient evidence to

      rebut his self-defense and defense of others claims. “‘A valid claim of defense

      of oneself or another person is legal justification for an otherwise criminal act.’”

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-3025 | June 8, 2020   Page 3 of 5
       Simpson v. State, 915 N.E.2d 511, 514 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (quoting Hobson v.

       State, 795 N.E.2d 1118, 1121 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003)). To prevail on a claim of

       self-defense or defense of a third person, the defendant must show that he was

       in a place where he had a right to be; did not provoke, instigate, or participate

       willingly in the violence; and had a reasonable fear of death or great bodily

       harm. See id.

[8]    When a claim of self-defense or defense of a third person is raised and finds

       support in the evidence, “the State has the burden of negating at least one of the

       necessary elements beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. The State may meet its

       burden by either rebutting the defense directly or by relying on the sufficiency of

       the evidence in its case-in-chief. Id. Whether the State has met its burden is a

       question for the trier of fact. Miller v. State, 720 N.E.2d 696, 700 (Ind. 1999).

[9]    We review a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to rebut such defenses

       using the same standard as for any claim of insufficient evidence. Simpson, 915

       N.E.2d at 514. We “neither reweigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of

       the witnesses. If there is sufficient evidence of probative value to support the

       conclusion of the trier-of-fact, then the [judgment] will not be disturbed.” Id.

       (citations omitted).

[10]   Here, Walker asserts that he was legally justified in fighting Arnetta and

       Johnnie because he was “without fault” as he only became involved after

       Arnetta “coaxed” Campbell into a physical confrontation. Appellant’s Br. at 9.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-3025 | June 8, 2020   Page 4 of 5
       He further contends that he was acting to protect Campbell and his children

       “from the imminent use of unlawful force” by Arnetta. Id. at 10.

[11]   However, the evidence most favorable to the trial court’s judgment indicates

       that, after Campbell and Arnetta started to fight one another, Walker joined in.

       Indeed, even after Arnetta had been pushed to the ground, Walker kicked her in

       the head. The evidence further demonstrates that Johnnie intervened in an

       attempt to pull everyone off of Arnetta and, in the process, he fell to the ground.

       And even though Johnnie was on the ground, Walker proceeded to “kick[]”

       and “stomp[]” on him. Tr. Vol. II at 48. In other words, Walker continued to

       fight two people even after they had fallen to the ground. That evidence is

       sufficient to show that Walker willing participated in the fight. It is also

       sufficient to show that, at the time he kicked Arnetta and Johnnie, Walker was

       no longer in reasonable fear for his safety or the safety of others. Accordingly,

       the State presented sufficient evidence to rebut Walker’s claims of self-defense

       and defense of others. Walker’s argument on appeal is merely a request for this

       court to reweigh the evidence, which we cannot do. We therefore affirm his

       conviction.

[12]   Affirmed.

       Kirsch, J., and Brown, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-3025 | June 8, 2020   Page 5 of 5