Court Opinion

ID: 9563557
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-21 18:41:47.10239+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:17:55.099742
License: Public Domain

On Motion for Rehearing.
The motion to rehear directs itself' to the use of one word only, the word “greater” in the following excerpt in the case sub judice from the charge: “The measure of damages to be *491used by you in determining consequential damages, if any, is the diminution or lessening in the market value of the remainder of the defendant’s property, proximately arising from the taking of the part taken, and the devoting of it to the purposes for which it was condemned in the usual and ordinary way. And this is determined, where there are either or both benefits and damages, by taking the difference between the greater market value of the land not taken before the land condemned is taken off, and deducting therefrom the market value of this remainder after land is taken off and improvement made.”
The instruction was taken from Bridges, supra, where this court held: . . the measure of consequential damages, if any, for the part of the lot not taken, where there are either benefits or damages involved, or both, is the difference between the greatest 'market value’ of the land not taken before the strip is taken off and the improvements (benefits) made, less the market value of the remainder of the land after the strip of land is taken off and improvements made.”
The word “greater” is not floating in a vacuum. In the sentence attacked we are first instructed to take the difference between two specified values: the greater value of the land remaining to the owner while the land being condemned is still attached to it, and the value of such remainder after the land is condemned. In the same sentence we are again told to deduct from the greater value before the taking the lesser value after the land was taken. Obviously, if the land remaining in the owner is not of greater value when attached to the piece condemned than its value after such parcel is removed, there are no consequential damages. We must always subtract, or as the instruction says, take the difference between, the two values, and we must always deduct from the greater value before taking the lesser value after taking. If the value of the residue before is not greater than the value of the residue after, it will either be equal to it, in which case there are no consequential damages, or it will be less than the other figure, in which case there are consequential benefits. There may be both consequential benefits and damages, but unless after they are subtracted from each other the value of the residue before is greater, there are still no consequential *492damages. This is all the court said and all the jury could have gotten out of this portion of the charge. They had just been told that “consequential damages ... is the diminution or lessening of the value,” to be determined, where the jury found such existed, by taking the difference between the greater sum, and deducting therefrom the other figure. It is no more logical in such a case to say that “greater” refers to the testimony of unspecified witnesses than to say that the words diminution, lessening in market value, difference between, and deducting therefrom refer to some subject matter other than what the court was talking about.
The instruction is better than the one in the Bridges case to the extent that in the headnote Bridges uses the word “greatest” instead of “greater.” On page 245 of the opinion, however, the word “greater” is twice found.
This sentence immediately follows the sentence dealt with in the main opinion, now conceded to be correct by the plaintiff in error, which dealt with damages for the part taken, and the two sentences were together a suggested charge on the subject by the Court of Appeals to be used in the future by trial courts. The two together make a homogeneous whole. In Fulton County v. Elliott, 109 Ga. App. 775 (137 SE2d 477) the Court of Appeals attempted to back off from its former position that these two sentences comprised the perfect charge on damages where taking of a part of a tract in fee was involved, and held, with special reference to the first sentence, that the instruction authorized double damages insofar as consequential damages were concerned. The Supreme Court reversed in 220 Ga. 377 and held, as to the model instruction formulated in Bridges: “In State Highway Board v. Bridges, 60 Ga. App. 240 (3 SE2d 907), which was a taking in fee, that court formulated a procedure in determining values identical with the charge here involved. In the present case the Court of Appeals said it was obiter dicta, which is debatable, but even so, it was published and is a correct rule which was followed by the trial judge and could have been adhered to in this case.” (Emphasis added).
The only objection which has been found for the use of the word “greater” (a single word in a charge containing some 3,000 *493words!) is that it might have been misconstrued by the jury to mean the jury should accept only the greatest amount shown by the testimony to be the value of the land, and disregard the other testimony on the subject, rather than, as it was obviously meant, that the greater value of the tract before the taking must have the lesser value after the taking subtracted from it in order to find the amount of damages. This is strained construction not fitting with the context of the charge. Indubitably, it would be impossible to adopt such a construction of the language without overruling Bridges, which this court declines to do.

Motion for rehearing denied.