Court Opinion

ID: 7959440
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-09 00:30:18.096993+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:34:23.096842
License: Public Domain

Hood, P.J.
(dissenting). I must respectfully dissent.
The trial court directed a verdict because it found that plaintiff was not entitled to PIP benefits from defendant because the van she was occupying at the time of the accident was not used as a motor vehicle at the time of the accident. See MCL 500.3105(1); MSA 24.13105(1).
In Kalin v DAIIE, 112 Mich App 497, 500-501; 316 NW2d 467 (1982), lv den 417 Mich 853 (1982), this Court said:
"Recently in Gutierrez v Dairyland Ins Co, 110 Mich App 126; 312 NW2d 181 (1981), this Court addressed a similar situation involving a parked vehicle and a moving vehicle. According to Gutierrez, where a claimant suffers accidental - bodily injury arising out of the ownership, operation, maintenance, or use of a moving motor vehicle as a motor vehicle, the additional involvement of a parked vehicle is irrelevant to the issue of whether such a claimant is entitled to recover no-fault benefits. Under this approach, analysis of an accident under the parked vehicle exclusion is unnecessary unless there is no causal connection between the use, etc., of a moving vehicle and injury. Clearly, the Legislature did not intend the parked vehicle exclusion to apply to accidents involving both a parked vehicle and a moving vehicle except where the involvement of the moving vehicle is merely incidental or fortuitous.” (Footnote omitted.)
Unquestionably, in this case plaintiff was injured when a motor vehicle used as such struck *645the van she occupied. The determination of the nature of the van plaintiff occupied was irrelevant for deciding whether she was entitled to PIP benefits pursuant to § 3105, supra. Thus, I am in agreement with the majority opinion finding that plaintiff is entitled to no-fault benefits.
The question, then, is whether defendant is responsible to pay the PIP benefits.
Section 3114 of the no-fault act provides:
"(4) Except as provided in subsections (1) and (3), a person suffering accidental bodily injury arising from a motor vehicle accident while an occupant of a motor vehicle shall claim personal protection insurance benefits from insurers in the following order of priority:
"(a) The insurer of the owner or registrant of the vehicle occupied.
"(b) The insurer of the operator of the vehicle occupied.” MCL 500.3114(4); MSA 24.13114(4).
Defendant insured the owner or registrant of the van. Thus, if the remainder of the language of subsection (4) above applies, clearly defendant is first in priority to pay PIP benefits. It is beyond dispute that plaintiff (1) suffered accidental bodily injury, (2) arising from a motor vehicle accident, (3) while an occupant of the van. It is also beyond question that the van was a motor vehicle within the meaning of the no-fault act, MCL 500.3101(c); MSA 24.13101(c). There is no additional language in § 3114(4) that requires a PIP claimant to be an occupant of a motor vehicle used "as a motor vehicle” in order to be eligible for PIP benefits from the insurers named in subsections (4)(a) and (b) above. Therefore, I find the trial court’s and the majority opinion’s analysis of the use given to the van at the time of the accident totally irrelevant.
Moreover, not only is the finding that the van *646was not being used as a motor vehicle irrelevant, it is also erroneous.
At the time of the accident at issue in this case, § 3106 of the no-fault act provided:
"(1) Accidental bodily injury does not arise out of the ownership, operation, maintenance or use of a parked vehicle as a motor vehicle unless any of the following occur:
"(a) The vehicle was parked in such a way as to cause unreasonable risk of the bodily injury which occurred.
"(b) Except as provided in subsection (2), the injury was a direct result of physical contact with the equipment permanently mounted on the vehicle, while the equipment was being operated or used or property being lifted onto or lowered from the vehicle in the loading or unloading process.
"(c) Except as provided in subsection (2) for an injury sustained in the course of employment while loading, unloading, or doing mechanical work on a vehicle, the injury was sustained by a person while occupying, entering into, or alighting from the vehicle.” MCL 500.3106; MSA 24.13106.
In Heard v State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins Co, 414 Mich 139, 144-145; 324 NW2d 1 (1982), the Court said of § 3106:
"[A] parked vehicle is not 'involved in the accident’ unless one of the exceptions to the parked vehicle provision (§ 3106) is applicable. Those exceptions spell out when a parked vehicle is deemed to be in use as a motor vehicle; '[e]ach exception pertains to injuries related to the character of a parked vehicle as a motor vehicle—characteristics which make it unlike other stationary roadside objects that can be involved in vehicle accidents’. Miller v Auto-Owners Ins Co, 411 Mich 633, 640; 309 NW2d 544 (1981). (Emphasis changed.) (Footnote omitted.)
I read Heard and, more particularly, Miller, *647supra, as saying that, when a parked motor vehicle involved in a motor vehicle accident fits one of the exceptions to the parking exclusion (§ 3106), it is conclusive that the vehicle was in use "as a motor vehicle”.
Because plaintiff was undeniably an occupant of the parked van, which is unquestionably a motor vehicle, at the time of the accident, the van fits the parked vehicle exception of § 3106(c). Therefore, the van was a vehicle used as a motor vehicle at the time of the accident.
I would reverse the directed verdict and remand to the circuit court with directions to file an order granting plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment.