Court Opinion

ID: 4548250
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-07-14 20:00:30.407227+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:56:16.631905
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         JUL 14 2020
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

S. SCOTT JAMES; NOEL L. JAMES, a                 No.    18-35953
married couple, and on behalf of others
similarly situated.,                             D.C. No. 2:16-cv-00920-MJP

                Plaintiffs-Appellants,
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
 v.

SAFEGUARD PROPERTIES LLC, a
Delaware corporation,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Western District of Washington
                   Marsha J. Pechman, District Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted March 2, 2020
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: IKUTA, R. NELSON, and HUNSAKER, Circuit Judges.

      Plaintiffs-Appellants Scott and Noel James appeal the district court’s

dismissal of their class action suit against Safeguard Properties LLC (“Safeguard”)

after the district court found the original sole named plaintiff lacked standing.

They also appeal the district court’s grant of summary judgment to Safeguard on

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
their claims for statutory trespass and unfair and deceptive conduct under the

Washington Consumer Protection Act (“CPA”) and seek certification of several

questions to the Washington Supreme Court. We reverse in part and affirm in part.

      1. We reverse the district court’s dismissal of the suit for lack of

jurisdiction. When a plaintiff lacks standing at the outset of a case, the

jurisdictional defect can be cured by the subsequent addition of another plaintiff.

See Cal. Credit Union League v. City of Anaheim, 190 F.3d 997, 1001 (9th Cir.

1999). Here, John Bund was the original sole named plaintiff in the case. The

Jameses were added as plaintiffs prior to the discovery that Bund lacked standing.

The subsequent addition of the Jameses retroactively cured the jurisdictional defect

present at the time of filing. See Northstar Fin. Advisors Inc. v. Schwab Invs., 779

F.3d 1036, 1043-44 (9th Cir. 2015); see also Mullaney v. Anderson, 342 U.S. 415,

416-17 (1952). The district court therefore erred in dismissing the case based on a

jurisdictional defect that had been cured.

      2. We decline to certify Appellants’ proposed questions about the “good

faith” defense regarding the Washington CPA claims to the Washington Supreme

Court. Because Appellants did not request certification of their proposed questions

before the district court, there is a presumption against certification at this stage of

the proceedings. Alliance v. City of Idaho Falls, 742 F.3d 1100, 1108 (9th Cir.

2013). Appellants have demonstrated no “particularly compelling reasons” to

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overcome that presumption. See id. (quoting In Re Complaint of McLinn, 744 F.2d

677, 681 (9th Cir. 1984)). Multiple Washington cases discuss the good faith

defense in the context of CPA claims, see, e.g., Mulcahy v. Farmers Ins. Co. of

Wash., 95 P.3d 313, 320 (Wash. 2004); Leingang v. Pierce Cty. Med. Bureau, Inc.,

930 P.2d 288, 299–300 (Wash. 1997); Perry v. Island Sav. & Loan Ass’n, 684 P.2d

1281, 1289 (Wash. 1984), so this is not a case where “a question of law has not

been clearly determined by the Washington courts,” Centurion Props. III, LLC v.

Chi. Title Ins. Co., 793 F.3d 1087, 1090 (9th Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks

omitted). Moreover, one of Appellants’ questions is a factual—not a legal—

question. See Wash. Rev. Code § 2.60.020 (setting forth rules for “[f]ederal court

certification of local law question”).

      3. We affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment as to pre-

Jordan CPA claims—for both unfair and deceptive acts—and statutory trespass

claims. Prior to Jordan v. Nationstar Mortgage, LLC, 374 P.3d 1195 (Wash.

2016), Safeguard’s conduct was lawful under an arguable interpretation of then-

existing state law. See Perry, 684 P.2d at 1289; see also Cox v. Lewiston Grain

Growers, Inc., 936 P.2d 1191, 1200 (Wash. Ct. App. 1997) (applying good faith

defense to deceptive claims under the CPA). No genuine dispute of material fact

exists as to whether Safeguard acted in good faith reliance on that interpretation.

Safeguard relied on its clients, the lenders and loan servicers with whom it

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contracted, to ensure their loan agreements were in compliance with the law;

Safeguard’s vendors that performed its property preservations services were

licensed by Washington’s Labor Industry Board; and Safeguard belonged to

industry groups which provided updates on the law. Safeguard also previously

won lawsuits concerning its lock-changing and property-preservation services,

without courts questioning its authority to enter and lock the home. Fiscus v. Fed.

Nat’l Mortg. Ass’n, No. 14-2-01278-8 (Wash. Super. Ct. 2015); Barthule v.

CitiMortgage, Inc., No. 14-2-00352-1 (Wash. Super. Ct. 2015). Given all of these

circumstances, we conclude Safeguard acted in good faith on a reasonable

interpretation of then-existing law and affirm the grant of summary judgment.

Moreover, for these same reasons, there is no genuine issue of material fact with

respect to whether Safeguard acted “wrongfully” within the meaning of

Washington’s statutory trespass statute. RCW 4.24.630(1) (requiring that a person

act “while knowing, or having reason to know, that he or she lacks authorization to

so act” to constitute a trespass).

      4. We vacate the summary judgment order, however, to the extent it applies

to absent class members because summary judgment was entered before class

members received notice of the class action or had an opportunity to opt out. See

Schwarzchild v. Tse, 69 F.3d 293, 297 (9th Cir. 1995).

      5. This disposition does not address Appellants’ claims for common law

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intentional trespass and common law negligent trespass. Those claims were raised

in Safeguard’s motion for partial summary judgment, but the district court did not

rule on them in its summary judgment order. Moreover, the district court

recognized the continued viability of the common law trespass claims when it

decertified the class and dismissed the case. On appeal, the parties have not asked

us to address these claims and we decline to do so.

      REVERSED IN PART AND AFFIRMED IN PART. Each party to bear

its own costs.

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