Court Opinion

ID: 2817507
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-07-15 19:35:20.396425+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:30:44.042443
License: Public Domain

J-S41036-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                       PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

JOHN HARDY CARTER,

                            Appellant                 No. 172 MDA 2015

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence September 26, 2014
              in the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County
              Criminal Division at Nos.: CP-36-CR-0000422-2014
                           CP-36-CR-0000431-2014
                           CP-36-CR-0000439-2014
                           CP-36-CR-0000453-2014
                           CP-36-CR-0000463-2014
                           CP-36-CR-0000467-2014
                           CP-36-CR-0003374-2014
                           CP-36-CR-0003375-2014
                           CP-36-CR-0003376-2014
                           CP-36-CR-0003377-2014

BEFORE: ALLEN, J., LAZARUS, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.:                                FILED JULY 15, 2015

        Appellant, John Hardy Carter, appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed following his entry of two open guilty pleas to thirty-five criminal

offenses he committed in Lancaster and York Counties. Appellant challenges

the discretionary aspects of his sentence. We affirm.

____________________________________________

*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S41036-15

        We take the relevant factual and procedural history of this case from

the trial court’s December 18, 2014 opinion and our independent review of

the record. This case arises from Appellant’s several week long crime spree

during which he robbed and burglarized numerous businesses and homes.

Appellant brandished a firearm during several of the incidents, and he

sometimes acted with other co-defendants. He fired a handgun during one

of the robberies, and the bullet narrowly missed a store clerk. Following his

arrest, and while in prison, Appellant formulated a failed plan to escape from

his preliminary hearing by soliciting a cohort to assault the Pennsylvania

State Constable taking him to the hearing.

       On June 26, 2014, Appellant entered an open guilty plea to numerous

counts of burglary, robbery, theft, and related charges, along with a count of

criminal solicitation at six separate Lancaster County docket numbers. 1 The

trial court ordered preparation of a supplement to an existing pre-sentence

investigation (PSI) report. Prior to sentencing, four companion cases from

York County2 involving multiple counts of burglary, robbery and related

charges were transferred to Lancaster County for resolution because they

arose from the same course of conduct during the same time-period. See

____________________________________________

1
 Docket Nos. 0422-2014, 0431-2014, 0439-2014, 0453-2014, 0463-2014,
and 0467-2014.
2
    Docket Nos. 3374-2014, 3375-2014, 3376-2014, and 3377-2014.

                                           -2-
J-S41036-15

Pa.R.Crim.P. 555. Appellant entered an open guilty plea to these offenses

on September 17, 2014.

       On September 26, 2014, the trial court held a hearing on the

Lancaster and York County cases, and it sentenced Appellant to an

aggregate term of not less than forty-three and one-half nor more than

ninety-five years’ incarceration.3         Appellant filed a timely post-sentence

motion to modify sentence on October 6, 2014. On December 18, 2014, the

trial court entered an opinion and order denying Appellant’s post-sentence

motion. This timely appeal followed.4

       Appellant raises one issue for our review:

       1.     Did the [trial] court impose an unreasonable sentence
       which contravenes the policy underlying the Sentencing Code
       where the sentence is manifestly unreasonable, focuses solely on
       the seriousness of the offense without considering any mitigating
       factors, is not an individualized sentence and appears to be the
       result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will?

    (Appellant’s Brief, at 4).

       Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence.

However, “[t]he right to appeal the discretionary aspects of a sentence is not
____________________________________________

3
  At the time of sentencing, Appellant was twenty-two years old. (See N.T.
Sentencing, 9/26/14, at 19). He already was serving sentences for other
offenses he committed in Lancaster and Berks Counties. (See id. at 37;
Commonwealth’s Brief, at 5).
4
  The trial court did not order Appellant to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). On January 20, 2015, it
entered an order relying on its December 18, 2014 opinion and order. See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).

                                           -3-
J-S41036-15

absolute.”   Commonwealth v. Dunphy, 20 A.3d 1215, 1220 (Pa. Super.

2011) (citation omitted).

             Before we reach the merits of this [issue], we must engage
      in a four part analysis to determine: (1) whether the appeal is
      timely; (2) whether Appellant preserved his issue; (3) whether
      Appellant’s brief includes a concise statement of the reasons
      relied upon for allowance of appeal with respect to the
      discretionary aspects of sentence[, see Pennsylvania Rule of
      Appellate Procedure 2119(f)]; and (4) whether the concise
      statement raises a substantial question that the sentence is
      appropriate under the sentencing code. . . . [I]f the appeal
      satisfies each of these four requirements, we will then proceed to
      decide the substantive merits of the case.

Commonwealth v. Edwards, 71 A.3d 323, 329-30 (Pa. Super. 2013),

appeal denied, 81 A.3d 75 (Pa. 2013) (citation omitted).

      Here, Appellant has complied with the first three requirements because

he filed a timely notice of appeal, preserved his claim in a timely post-

sentence motion, and included a Rule 2119(f) statement in his brief. See

id.

      With respect to the fourth requirement:

            The determination of what constitutes a substantial
      question must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.         A
      substantial question exits only when the appellant advances a
      colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were
      either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the
      Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary to the fundamental norms
      which underlie the sentencing process.

Commonwealth v. Austin, 66 A.3d 798, 808 (Pa. Super. 2013), appeal

denied, 77 A.3d 1258 (Pa. 2013) (citations and quotation marks omitted).

                                    -4-
J-S41036-15

      In his Rule 2119(f) statement, Appellant concedes that the sentences

imposed on the individual counts were within the standard range of the

sentencing guidelines.    (See Appellant’s Brief, at 8, 10).      However, he

maintains that the aggregate sentence imposed is excessive and constitutes

too severe a punishment.     (See id. at 8-9).     He contends that the court

ignored mitigating factors including his young age and his potential for

rehabilitation, resulting in a sentenced that is not individualized. (See id. at

9-10, 14).

      We are mindful that “a sentencing court generally has discretion to

impose multiple sentences concurrently or consecutively, and a challenge to

the exercise of that discretion does not ordinarily raise a substantial

question.”   Commonwealth v. Raven, 97 A.3d 1244, 1253 (Pa. Super.

2014), appeal denied, 105 A.3d 736 (Pa. 2014) (citations omitted).

However, “this Court has held that an excessive sentence claim—in

conjunction with an assertion that the court failed to consider mitigating

factors—raises a substantial question.” Id. (citations omitted). Therefore,

we will address the merits of Appellant’s claim.

      Our standard of review in sentencing matters is well settled:

            Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of
      the sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on
      appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. An abuse of
      discretion is more than just an error in judgment and, on appeal,
      the trial court will not be found to have abused its discretion
      unless the record discloses that the judgment exercised was
      manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice,
      bias, or ill-will.

                                     -5-
J-S41036-15

Commonwealth v. Clarke, 70 A.3d 1281, 1287 (Pa. Super. 2013), appeal

denied, 85 A.3d 481 (Pa. 2014) (citation omitted).

      “[T]he sentence imposed should call for confinement that is consistent

with the protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it relates to

the impact on the life of the victim and on the community, and the

rehabilitative needs of the defendant.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b). Therefore,

“a sentencing court must formulate a sentence individualized to that

particular case and that particular defendant.”        Clarke, supra at 1287

(citations and internal quotation marks omitted).

      In the instant case, at the sentencing hearing, the court heard a

statement from Appellant and argument from defense counsel and the

Commonwealth.      (See N.T. Sentencing, 9/26/14, at 7-17).          The court

acknowledged the contents of several victim-impact statements and made

the PSI report a part of the record. (See id. at 6, 13, 18, 31). It explained

its rationale for the aggregate sentence as follows:

            I have been reviewing all of this information; reviewing
      each criminal complaint and affidavit of probable cause;
      reviewing each criminal information; reviewing everything in the
      pre-sentence investigation report; certainly reviewing the
      statements of the victims that have been offered; trying to
      discern [Appellant’s] motivation or path. And two things more
      than anything else stand out to me.

            Within mere months . . . of being released on the York
      County charges, which were serious charges and would have
      called for state time, [Appellant] resumed his prior activities, and
      he did so with an enthusiasm and apparent lack of any
      introspection of what he had been through in the juvenile
      system, what he had been through in the York County Prison

                                     -6-
J-S41036-15

     system, and certainly without ever appearing to stop and think
     about what he had done, maybe it was only minutes before in
     any of these given robberies or burglaries, never once pausing to
     stop this headlong flight, criminal behavior.

          And I am now faced with someone who is serving a state
     sentence imposed by this [c]ourt [by] my colleague . . . back in
     September. . . .

           . . . [Appellant], you are capable of great danger. And in
     your headlong flight through life, you take no care for what you
     leave behind you and I cannot risk anyone else’s safety,
     security, possessions, peace of mind by disregarding the fact
     that you are a very, very dangerous man.

            And to say that about a 22-year-old, frankly, pains me.
     But I look at everything in front of me. . . .

           To get my mind and my sense of fairness and justice for
     these victims around this has been very difficult.

           The easiest thing, other than math, would simply be to
     make every single [sentence] consecutive. But I don’t think that
     takes into proper account the individual nature of the dockets,
     the individual nature of the various offenses.

           I think the tipping point comes for me when on recorded
     prison phone calls you try and plan with your girlfriend to
     dispose of evidence and embark on this plan to have . . . [a]
     breakout from [a] [magisterial district justice] hearing[.] . . .

           . . . And I say whether it is immaturity or simply no
     motivation on your part to view your conduct and grow from it in
     a positive way, I cannot and will not risk guessing that this time
     maybe the jail time has made a little difference in you.

           And as I say, in trying to fashion the sentences, it has not
     been easy, because I want each victim to feel that I have really
     looked at their facts and that I appreciate that the things you
     may have taken and the mayhem you may have left behind for
     them to find are nothing compared to that sense of safety and
     security they should have when they’re at home or when they’re
     at work.

                                   -7-
J-S41036-15

           And knowing that your ego or your compulsion is such that
     doesn’t stop you from flashing the gun and firing the gun, means
     that whatever the controls are on that kind of behavior, you
     don’t have them. . . .

            The idea of confining a young man to a State Correctional
     Institution for an extended period of time, for what will largely
     be the better part of his life, is not something that I do with any
     sense of satisfaction or any sense of ill will towards you as a
     human being, but it is consistent with my duty to stop and think
     about the magnitude of the crimes, how they have affected
     those direct and indirect victims, how the community can be
     protected, and how others can be deterred when the [c]ourt
     makes a strong statement that behavior of this kind will not be
     countenanced in a civilized society, because it is the civilized
     society that is entitled to the greater consideration.

           You say that reading the papers you feel that the papers
     paint you as a monster. [Appellant], I want you to know that I
     don’t see you as a monster. I see you as a troubled young man,
     but I also see you as a dangerous young man. And I don’t see
     any indication from your past that you’ve had any interest in
     ameliorating that danger.

(Id. at 17-21).

     Thus, the record reflects that the trial court reviewed extensive

documentation regarding this case, carefully considered the individual

sentences, and exercised discretion in declining to run all of the sentences

consecutively. The court’s comments at sentencing demonstrate that it took

into account Appellant’s young age and was “pain[ed]” by it. (Id. at 19).

     Further, “where, as here, the sentencing court had the benefit of a

pre-sentence investigation report, we can assume [it] was aware of relevant

information   regarding   [Appellant’s]   character   and    weighed       those

considerations along with mitigating statutory factors.” Commonwealth v.

                                    -8-
J-S41036-15

Rhoades, 8 A.3d 912, 919 (Pa. Super. 2010), appeal denied, 25 A.3d 328

(Pa. 2011), cert. denied, 132 S. Ct. 1746 (2012) (citation and internal

quotation marks omitted).        While the trial court acknowledged that

Appellant’s aggregate sentence is lengthy, (see Trial Court Opinion,

12/18/14, at 7), we agree with the court that it is not manifestly excessive

and Appellant is not entitled to a “volume discount” for his numerous crimes.

Commonwealth v. Hoag, 665 A.2d 1212, 1214 (Pa. Super. 1995); see

also Commonwealth v. Caldwell, 2015 WL 3444594, at *6 (Pa. Super.

May 29, 2015) (en banc) (holding court did not abuse its discretion in

imposing consecutive sentences resulting in lengthy aggregate sentence

where appellant stole money from his neighbor’s apartment and fired

gunshots at him on a crowded street).         Accordingly, after review of the

record, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

imposing Appellant’s sentence.    See Clarke, supra at 1287.       Appellant’s

sole issue on appeal does not merit relief.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/15/2015

                                     -9-