Court Opinion

ID: 8436187
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-04 14:04:14.906013+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:48:42.810821
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: OCTOBER 28, 2022; 10:00 A.M.
                        NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                Commonwealth of Kentucky
                           Court of Appeals

                              NO. 2020-CA-0290-MR

ABBY L. DOZIER                                                          APPELLANT

                  APPEAL FROM BELL CIRCUIT COURT
v.              HONORABLE ROBERT V. COSTANZO, JUDGE
                       ACTION NO. 18-CI-00380

WALTER H. DOZIER, JR.                                                    APPELLEE

                                  OPINION AND
                                     ORDER
                                   DISMISSING

                                   ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: COMBS, MCNEILL, AND K. THOMPSON, JUDGES.

COMBS, JUDGE: Abby L. Dozier seeks to appeal a decree of the Bell Circuit

Court that dissolved her marriage to Walter H. Dozier, Jr. We dismiss the appeal.

             Because the procedural history of the matter is integral to its

resolution, we examine it in detail. Walter and Abby married in Florida in 1975.

They separated in February 2018, and Walter moved to Pineville, Kentucky.

Walter filed a verified petition for dissolution on October 24, 2018.
             Service of process was attempted through certified mail, the Indian

River County Sheriff’s office, and a professional process server. Unable to locate

Abby for service, Walter sought appointment of a warning order attorney by

motion filed on April 17, 2019. A warning order attorney was duly appointed.

She filed a timely report with the court, indicating that she had attempted to

correspond with Abby at her last known address to no avail and that she could

make no defense on Abby’s behalf. A final hearing date was set for June 26, 2019.

This order was forwarded to Abby at her address in Vero Beach, Florida.

             On June 26, 2019, Abby filed a pleading captioned “Limited Entry of

Appearance for the Purpose of Contesting Jurisdiction over the Parties and the

Subject Matter.” Addressing various issues other than her stated intention of

challenging the court’s jurisdiction over her, Abby argued that Walter had not

“personally, knowingly, or voluntarily” signed the petition for dissolution.

Consequently, she specifically contested the court’s jurisdiction over him. Abby

requested an opportunity to depose Walter’s medical care providers and to discover

his pharmacy records.

             The court conducted a hearing that included testimony from a social

worker from the Department for Community Based Services, statements from

Walter, and arguments of the parties. At its conclusion, the circuit court

determined that there was “nothing to indicate any duress, coercion or cognitive

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disabilities” on Walter’s part. In an order entered on July 22, 2019, the court

concluded that “jurisdiction in the Commonwealth of Kentucky is proper.”

             On July 24, 2019, Abby filed: a response to the petition for

dissolution; a motion requesting a competency evaluation; a motion requesting a

conciliation conference; and a motion to dismiss. Immediately thereafter, Abby’s

counsel filed a motion to withdraw from the representation. She advised the court

that Abby had relieved her as counsel and that Abby intended to proceed -- pro se.

             At a hearing conducted on July 31, 2019, the circuit court cautioned

Abby concerning the risks associated with representing herself. Nevertheless, she

acted on her own behalf. Reiterating that it had jurisdiction both over the parties

and the subject matter, the court divided the couple’s property. It dissolved the

marriage by decree entered on September 16, 2019. Some days later, new counsel

for Abby filed his entry of appearance and filed a motion to alter, amend, or

vacate. Walter died on December 29, 2019.

             By order entered on February 3, 2020, the circuit court vacated its

judgment with respect to every issue except dissolution of the marriage. Abby

filed her notice of appeal on February 25, 2020, indicating that Walter (the would-

be appellee) was now deceased. A copy of the notice of appeal was served on

Walter’s counsel. By our order entered on March 16, 2020, and based upon the

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fact that Walter was deceased, we directed counsel for the parties to provide a

status update with respect to the appeal within ten days.

             On March 30, 2020, Abby filed her response. She indicated that her

appeal of the dissolution of the marriage remained viable despite Walter’s death.

             Without filing a response to our order of March 16, 2020, Walter’s

counsel filed with this Court a motion to withdraw from the representation. The

motion was granted by our order entered on June 3, 2020. In the intervening

period, by order entered on April 22, 2020, this Court placed the appeal in

abeyance for 90 days to allow for appointment of an administrator and for “any

action which may be required with regard to reviving the claim before the circuit

court.”

             On July 24, 2020, Abby filed a motion with this Court to extend the

period of abatement. She indicated that an administrator for Walter’s estate would

likely be appointed within 60 days. Walter’s brother, Ronald Dozier, was

appointed to act as administrator by the Bell District Court on September 23, 2020.

             In a motion filed with this Court on October 21, 2020, Abby requested

that the appeal be returned to the Court’s active docket. The motion was served on

Ronald Dozier as administrator of Walter’s estate.

             By order entered on January 5, 2021, the motion to restore the appeal

to the Court’s active docket was passed “because it does not appear that a motion

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to revive the action has been filed in circuit court.” The motion panel directed

Abby to file a timely motion to revive the action and counseled that “[u]pon

revival of the action, a motion to substitute parties shall be filed in this Court

pursuant to CR[1] 25.01 and CR 76.24(a).”

                On March 10, 2021, Abby filed a motion to substitute Ronald Dozier,

administrator to Walter’s estate, as appellee. She also filed a motion to restore the

appeal to the Court’s active docket. By order entered on July 15, 2021, the appeal

was restored to our active docket. However, the motion to substitute was passed to

this merits panel. The Court directed Abby to discuss in her brief why she was not

required either to revive the action or to file a motion to substitute parties within

the one-year period of limitations provided in KRS2 395.278.

                On appeal, Abby argues that a motion to substitute Ronald Dozier

(administrator of Walter’s estate) as a party was not required to be filed within one

year of Walter’s death. We disagree.

                When a party against whom an appeal may be taken dies after entry of

a judgment or order in the trial court but before a notice of appeal is filed, our rules

of civil procedure provide that an appellant may proceed as if the death had not

occurred. CR 76.24. However, after the notice of appeal is filed, substitution must

1
    Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.
2
    Kentucky Revised Statutes.

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be made for the deceased party. The rule provides that the personal representative

of the deceased party may be substituted as a party on motion filed by any party

with the clerk of the appellate court. CR 76.24. The motion must be served upon

the representative in accordance with the provisions of CR 25.

             CR 25.01 provides in pertinent part that the motion for substitution

may be made by any party within the period allowed by law. Operating in

conjunction with CR 25.01, KRS 395.278 provides that

             [a]n application to revive an action in the name of the
             representative or successor of a plaintiff, or against the
             representative or successor of a defendant, shall be made
             within one (1) year after the death of a deceased
             party.

(Emphasis added.) Where a deceased party has no representative, CR 76.24

provides that “any party may suggest the death on the record and proceedings

shall then be had as the appellate court may direct.”

             Because Walter was deceased at the time the notice of appeal was

filed, we directed counsel to provide a status update within ten days. Based upon

Abby’s response, we placed the appeal in abeyance for 90 days. We did so

specifically to allow for appointment of an administrator and for “any action which

may be required with regard to reviving the claim before the circuit court.” After

Abby indicated that an administrator for Walter’s estate would likely be appointed

within 60 days, we granted her motion to extend the period of abatement. Ronald

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Dozier was appointed to act as administrator of his estate approximately 60 days

later. Without filing a motion to substitute the administrator of the estate as a

party, Abby requested the following month that the appeal be returned to the

Court’s active docket. We declined to restore the appeal to the active docket and

directed Abby to file a timely motion to revive the action, indicating the required

sequence of events as follows: “[u]pon revival of the action, a motion to substitute

parties shall be filed in this Court pursuant to CR 25.01 and CR 76.24(a).” Finally,

on March 10, 2021, Abby filed a motion to substitute Ronald Dozier, administrator

to Walter’s estate, as appellee. To recapitulate, Walter had died on December 29,

2019. Thus, this motion was clearly filed out of time, and the appeal must be

dismissed.

             Moreover, Section 115 of the Kentucky Constitution provides that the

Legislature may prescribe that no appeal shall be taken from that “portion of a

judgment dissolving a marriage.” (Emphasis added.) The General Assembly

enacted KRS 22A.020(3), which specifically provides that “there shall be no

review by appeal . . . from that portion of a final judgment, order or decree . . .

dissolving a marriage.” Consequently, a decree of dissolution of marriage is not

subject to appellate review -- except where the judgment is void for want of

jurisdiction. Winfrey v. Winfrey, 286 Ky. 245, 150 S.W.2d 689 (1941); Clements v.

Harris, 89 S.W.3d 403 (Ky. 2002) (citing Whitney v. Whitney, 70 Ky. (7 Bush) 520

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(1870); Irwin v. Irwin, 105 Ky. 632, 49 S.W. 432 (1899); DeSimone v. DeSimone,

388 S.W.2d 591 (Ky. 1965); Drake v. Drake, 809 S.W.2d 710 (Ky. App. 1991)).

             Abby argues that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to render the

decree dissolving her marriage to Walter. However, service was duly completed

through a warning order attorney by certified mail. Moreover, Abby submitted to

the court’s jurisdiction through her appearance in June 2019, which can only be

regarded as a general appearance rather than a special appearance. See Lawrence

v. Bingham Greenebaum Doll, L.L.P., 599 S.W.3d 813, 822 (Ky. 2019). Finally,

there was sufficient evidence to indicate that Walter had been a resident of

Kentucky for the statutory period. Karahalios v. Karahalios, 848 S.W.2d 457, 459

(Ky. App. 1993); Elswick v. Elswick, 322 S.W.2d 129 (Ky. 1959); Lampkin v.

Lampkin, 258 S.W.2d 720 (Ky. 1952), as modified on denial of reh’g (June 12,

1953). The decree of dissolution granted by the circuit court is not void, and we

lack jurisdiction to consider the appeal.

             For the foregoing reasons, we order THAT THIS APPEAL BE, AND

IT IS HEREBY, DISMISSED.

Entered: October 28, 2022                           ________________________
                                                     Judge, Court of Appeals

             MCNEILL, JUDGE, CONCURS.

             THOMPSON, K., JUDGE, CONCURS AND FILES SEPARATE
OPINION.

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             THOMPSON, K., JUDGE, CONCURRING: I concur but write

separately to emphasize the point only raised near the end of the majority Opinion

that, despite all the procedural problems with this case, Abby L. Dozier could have

never succeeded on the merits to gain a reversal of the dissolution decree under

these circumstances.

             As the majority Opinion correctly points out, Section 115 of the

Kentucky Constitution provides the Legislature with the power to prohibit an

appeal from the portion of a judgment dissolving a marriage and in fact the

General Assembly acted to do just that in KRS 22A.020(3) in 1976. Even prior to

that time, “for well over a century, appellate courts of the Commonwealth have

consistently held that a judgment granting a dissolution of marriage is not

appealable or subject to appellate jurisdiction.” Clements v. Harris, 89 S.W.3d

403, 404 (Ky. 2002).

             The policy reasons behind such a statute are paramount and for this

reason we should have never entertained this appeal in the first place and dismissed

it promptly. The problem with reversing a dissolution decree and essentially

remarrying a couple is that it creates all sorts of problems for innocent third parties.

It can both make children born of a subsequent marriage illegitimate and cause a

former spouse who has remarried to now have two spouses. The financial

implications and problems attendant with reestablishing or recalculating marital

                                          -9-
interests, creating new dower interests, and resolving probate, are almost

unfathomable.

              The Commonwealth has tried to alleviate some of these evils through

statutory enactment. See KRS 391.100 (stating that “[t]he issue of all illegal or

void marriages is considered as if born in lawful wedlock”); and KRS

391.105(1)(a) (explaining that for intestate inheritance purposes a “person born out

of wedlock is . . . a child of the natural father if: . . . The natural parents

participated in a marriage ceremony before or after the birth of the child, even

though the attempted marriage is void[.]”); KRS 530.010(2) (providing that it is “a

defense to bigamy that the accused believed he was legally eligible to remarry”).

However, such statuses can still cause people to face societal scorn and other

difficulties. Preventing such harms is the paramount reason why we do not allow

challenges to dissolution decrees and instead limit appeals to property distribution,

custody, child support, and other similar matters.

              Accordingly, I concur.

 BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:                         NO BRIEF FOR APPELLEE.

 Levi Z. Turner
 Middlesboro, Kentucky

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