Court Opinion

ID: 6897702
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-23 21:51:37.592286+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:06:03.524559
License: Public Domain

On the Merits.
Mr. Justice Bean
delivered the opinion.
This is an appeal from a judgment of the Circuit Court of Klamath County dismissing a proceeding by writ of, review brought for the purpose of reversing and annulling a decree of the county court made in the Matter of the Estate of W. H. Mills, Deceased, directing the administrator thereof to pay N. B. Knight $1,329 for fees and expenses incurred by him as the attorney for a former administrator of such estate. The petition for the writ, after describing the proceedings of the county court, alleges that the court exceeded its jurisdiction, and exercised its judicial functions erroneously, to the injury of plaintiffs, and asserts that such proceedings are erroneous and void : “First, because the said claim of N. B. Knight is not a proper claim or charge against the estate of said decedent, but is a claim for legal services rendered to the said Fred. H. Mills in his individual capacity, and not as *205administrator, and is for services not in the care and management, but against the interest, of said estate, all of which will more fully appear by the records of the proceedings in said county court in the matter of said estate ; second, because the said claim is presented as a claim for expenses of administration, and not a claim for a debt contracted by decedent in his lifetime, and can only be allowed upon final accounting of said estate; third, because there has never been a filial account of the administration of said estate, and the said claim is open to objection by any party interested in said estate, until the filing and settlement of such final account; fourth, because it appears from said pretended claim of said N. B. Knight that said services had not been fully rendered, and the same was examined and allowed by the said administrator before said services had been rendered.”
2. It is contended by the defendants that the judgment of the court below should be affirmed for the reason that a county court, sitting for the transaction of probate business, is not an inferior court, within the meaning of the law authorizing the proceedings in such a tribunal to be examined on writ of review. But this question is settled by the decision in Kirkwood v. Washington Co., 32 Or. 568 (52 Pac. 568) where it is said that ‘ ‘ all courts and tribunals over which the circuit courts are given appellate jurisdiction and supervisory control by the constitution ’ ’ are inferior courts or tribunals, within the meaning of the statute referred to.
3. But it by no means follows from this doctrine that a writ of review under our statute may be used as a substitute for an appeal, or that mere errors of an inferior court or tribunal in determining questions of fact or of law can be corrected by such a proceeding. The statu*206tory writ of review is substantially the common-law remedy of certiorari, with some modifications as to when the writ may issue, and the relief which maybe granted. At common law certiorari was used, when there was no remedy by appeal or writ of error, to bring the record of an inferior court or tribunal exercising judicial functions before a superior court for the sole purpose of determining from the inspection thereof whether such court or tribunal had acted without jurisdiction, or in excess thereof, or, having jurisdiction, had proceeded illegally and contrary to the course of the common law; and the only judgment which could be rendered was either that the writ be quashed, or that the proceedings be annulled. Chicago & Rock Island Railroad Co. v. Fell, 22 Ill. 333. Under the statute, the fact that the right of appeal exists is no objection to the issuance of the writ. Hill’s Ann. Laws, § 585. And in such proceeding the court has power to affirm, modify, reverse or annul the determination reviewed, and, if necessary, award restitution to the plaintiff; or, by mandate, direct the inferior court, officer, or tribunal to proceed in the matter reviewed according to its decision. Hill’s Ann. Laws, § 591. But the statute -does not materially enlarge the scope of the writ, or substantially change its character or purpose. Dayton v. Board of Equalization, 33 Or. 131 (50 Pac. 1009, 1012) ; Cal. & Oregon Land Co. v. Gowen, 48 Fed. 771. It may issue when there is a right of appeal, but it is expressly limited to cases where the inferior court, officer or tribunal, in the exercise of judicial functions, appears to have exercised such functions erroneously, or to have exceeded its jurisdiction, to the injury of some substantial right of the petitioner, and not otherwise. Hill’s Ann. Laws, § 585. In other words, the writ will lie in two classes of cases : First, whenever the inferior court or tribunal has exceeded its jurisdiction; and, second, whenever it has *207exercised its judicial functions erroneously (that is, illegally and contrary to the course of procedure applicable to the matter before it) ; and this is substantially the common law rule. Its object, under the statute, as at common-law, is to keep inferior courts and tribunals within the bounds of their jurisdiction, and compel them to proceed regularly in the disposition of matters brought before them for determination ; but it cannot be used as a substitute for an appeal, nor does it lie to correct mere errors in the exercise of rightful jurisdiction, or to inquire whether the rulings of the inferior tribunal upon the law and the evidence, and in the application of the law to the facts, are correct. 2 Spell. Extr. Relief, § 1891; 4 Enc. Pl. & Prac. 90, 98, 256; Ennis v. Ennis, 110 Ill. 78; Hamilton v. Harwood, 118 Ill. 154; People v. Dwinelle, 29 Cal. 632 ; Central Pac. R. Co. v. Board of Equalization, 46 Cal. 667; Alexander v. Municipal Court, 66 Cal. 387, (5 Pac. 675) ; Tiedt v. Carstensen, 61 Iowa, 334 (16 N. W. 214) ; Lewis v. Larson, 45 Wis. 353.
4. Now, in this case there is no pretense that the county court of Klamath County did not have jurisdiction to pass upon the legality of Knight’s claim, or that its proceedings in relation thereto were not in due form. But the contention is that it erred in deciding the claim valid as against the estate. This was a question which it was authorized to decide, and its conclusion, however erroneous, cannot affect its jurisdiction, or the regularity of its proceedings, and hence presents no question for determination on a writ of review. If the position of the petitioners is correct, the writ becomes a concurrent remedy with an appeal, and any question of law which can be raised on an appeal can be tried in such .a proceeding ; but this is manifestly not its object or purpose. It is true, the statute provides that it shall be concurrent with *208the right of appeal, but it does not provide that it shall be a concurrent remedy with an appeal. Under the statute, the fact that the right of appeal exists is no objection to the issuance of the writ, if otherwise proper, but it cannot be substituted for a writ of error or appeal. The reason for the amendatory act of 1889 is well known. Prior to that time the course of judicial decisions in this state had not been uniform as to when a writ of review would lie. It was first held to be concurrent with an appeal : Schirott v. Phillippi, 3 Or. 484. This was afterwards denied, and it was held that a writ could not issue so long as the right of appeal existed, but that when the time for an appeal had expired it might be issued : Evans v. Christian, 4 Or. 375. And finally it was held that the writ would not lie in any case where the right of appeal was given by law: Ramsey v. Pettengill, 14 Or. 207 (12 Pac. 439). It was to settle the contradictions involved in those cases that the act of 1889, making the writ of review concurrent with the right of appeal, was passed. But it was not intended to, nor did it in any way, change the scope or effect of the writ, or authorize the determination of any questions in such a proceeding which could not have been tried therein before its passage. It follows from these views that the petitioners have mistaken their remedy, and that the judgment of the court below dismissing the writ must be affirmed.
Affirmed.