Court Opinion

ID: 9451248
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-04 17:11:07.177014+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:32:37.783232
License: Public Domain

ALMOND, Judge.
David M. Griver appeals from the decision of the Board of Appeals affirming the rejection on prior art of claim 3 in appellant’s application1 entitled “Multi-Terminal Ground Stud.” The remaining claims in the application stand withdrawn from consideration as not readable on the elected species, viz. the ground stud of Figs. 1 and la, hereinafter reproduced.
Claim 3 reads as follows:
A multi-terminal stud for providing a common reference potential for electronic circuits mounted on a chassis, said stud comprising: an electrically conductive shank member having a smooth-surfaced central aperture therethrough for mounting the stud in an upright position on the chassis, said shank member having a counterbore at one of its ends for firmly mounting thereon the shank member of another stud; and an electrically conductive disc-shaped member at said one end thereof integral with and extending from said shank member, said disc-shaped member having holes therethrough spaced along an equipotential line thereon to provide equal values of resistance between said holes and the chassis, the low potential wires of the circuits being respectively inserted in said holes for connection to the stud thereat thereby to provide a common reference potential for the electronic circuits.
Figs. 1 and la of the preferred stud depict the following configurations:

Bored shank 10 is surmounted by outwardly extending flange 11. Holes 14, designed as receptacles for soldered wire connections are equidistantly spaced from the axis of the shank. These terminal holes are “positioned along an equipotential line which is * * * a circle.” The lower end of shank 10 bears against the chassis or metal ground support and is secured thereto by inserting a machine screw through bore 12 and an aligned hole in the chassis. Upper counterbore 13 receives the head of the screw or the lower end of a stacked ground stud. The application states that the “stud may be mounted on the chassis by putting a thread on the lower portion of the shank member and screwing it to the chassis.”
The references applied below are:
British Patent 783,545 September 25, 1957
Italian Patent 514,965 February 11, 1955
The British patent discloses an electrical feedthrough terminal assembly.
*379Pig. 2 of the drawing is reproduced below:

Coupling 18 includes a disc or plate 19 “formed on one side with a small boss 20 having an outside diameter considerably less than the diameter of the disc” 19. The disc and the boss are “centrally apertured and internally threaded for attaching the coupling to the threaded member 12.” Disc 19 “is formed around its periphery with a plurality of apertures 21 for receiving the ends of the wires” which are soldered to the disc. In assembling the terminal, the coupling 18 “is screwed onto the threaded member 12” so that the protruding end of member 12 “is level or slightly below the outer face 22 of disc 19 when the boss engages” a washer of the terminal. The resulting depression in disc 19 “is then filled with solder whereby the disc and stem of the terminal become one unit electrically.”
The patent states that one or more wires may be removed by the application of heat without disturbing the remainder or adversely affecting the electrical efficiency of the connection. It is further stated that the “coupling provides a simple method of providing separate soldered connections” which are “not affected by vibration and have a lower electrical resistance than a screw or nut connection * # * >9
The Italian patent discloses an electrical connection comprising plug and socket portions for telescopic stacking. The base connector may have a threaded extension rather than a plug for bolting through a mounted panel.
The examiner rejected the instant claim as unpatentable over the British patent in view of the Italian patent, finding that the British patent discloses every detail recited in the claim except that the bore of the stud is threaded and no counterbore is shown. The examiner noted that the Italian patent discloses a stud having a bore and a counterbore to receive a like stud therein and would therefore suggest to one skilled in the art provision for a counterbore in the British patent for mounting a stud therein and that it would be obvious to omit the screw threads in the bore if desired. With reference to the arrangement of the holes in the disc of the British patent, the examiner considered the arrangement symmetrical “with respect to both the periphery and the axis of the disc and that this is the obvious way of arranging a plurality of wire-receiving holes in a disc.”
In response to applicant’s contention that the wire-receiving holes 21 in flange 19 of the British patent are “so haphazardly arranged” as to provide materially different resistances between the holes and the chassis, the board stated that in its opinion the holes:
* * * appear to be arranged in a substantially equipotential line. While some of the holes appear to be larger than others, and assuming arguendo that is in fact the case, we point out that when the wires are inserted therein and the free space is filled with solder, the flange will be a solid conductive member. Therefore, it is not seen how any significant or even a noticeable difference in resistance would be present * * *. As to whether the bore of the shank of the stud is smooth surfaced or threaded is not, in our opinion, of patentable significance since it is a matter of common knowledge that articles of this nature may be supported either by direct threaded connection or by a bolt passing therethrough and through the supporting member and held in place by a nut or nuts.
With reference to tlr- matter of the counterbore, the board agreed with the examiner that the Italian patent would fairly suggest to one of ordinary skill in the art to provide the British'coupling with a counterbore to receive another stud in telescoping relation and that Ike difference in the structure <Sf the coup' *380ling in the Italian patent over that of the British patent would in no way affect the efficacy of the suggestion.
The sole issue is obviousness under ' 35 U.S.C. § 103.
Appellant cites several differences between the claimed subject matter and the prior art. The first is the difference in objectives and purposes of a feed-through terminal, as disclosed by the British patent, and the ground stud, which is the subject matter of claim 3. According to appellant,
* * * whereas a ground stud is constructed and functions to electrically connect a plurality of circuit points to a point on a metal frame or chassis for the purpose of maintaining these points as much as possible at the same reference potential, a feedthru terminal, on the other hand, is constructed and functions only to permit the flow of electrical current through an otherwise impassable partition or wall without regard to electrical potentials and is necessarily insulated from the wall or partition.
In appellant’s view, had the examiner appreciated the difference in concept between the feedthrough terminal and the ground stud, he would have been satisfied as to the novelty of his claimed device. However, this may be, the real issue here is obviousness, not novelty.
Appellant has taken issue with the contention of the examiner that the British device discloses every detail recited in the claim except that the bore of the stud is threaded and no counterbore is shown. Specifically, it is appellant’s position that the British device does not disclose a disc-shaped member having holes therethrough which are spaced along an equipotential line. It is true, as appellant forcefully points out, that the specification of the British patent does not expressly state that the holes appearing in the disc-shaped member of the British device are spaced along an equipotential line. How°ver, we believe that Figure 2 of the British patent, reproduced above, does disclose such a structural feature. As the board noted, Figure 2 clearly shows the holes 21 arranged along the circumference of a circle concentric with the axis of the multi-terminal stud 18. As we read appellant’s own specification, the provision of points of attachment along an equipotential line as called for by the claims is achieved by locating the center of the holes on the circumference of a circle whose center is on the axis of the shank. The specification states:
Disc-shaped member 11 is concentric with counterbore 13 and has at least two, preferably a plúrality of, terminal holes spaced equidistantly from the axis of shank member 10, such as terminal hole 14 by way of example. In view of the symmetry of construction of the ground stud of Figs. 1 and la and in view of the further fact that terminal holes 14 are equally distant from the center of member 11, that is, equidistant from the axis of the shank member, terminal holes 14 are therefore positioned along an equipotential line which is, in the present instance, a circle. * * *
Thus, we can see no difference between the location of the holes on the disc-member of the British patent and the location of the holes on appellant’s disc-member. Appellant makes the further point that the holes 21 in the British device are not equidiameter and therefore wires inserted in the larger holes would be off-center because of the extra space and thus would not be positioned on the locus of the equipotential line. We do not accept this argument. We can see no necessary connection between the size of a hole and the ability to locate a wire at the center thereof.
Appellant also contends that the examiner and the board overlooked the fact that differently-sized holes require different amounts of solder and that this will be a source of potential difference which would introduce error. This argument is without merit, we believe, because the disc portion 19 of the British device appears entirely symmetrical with respect to the axis of threaded member *38112. Although it appears from Figure 2 of the British patent that holes 21 are of two sizes, there is the same number of each size, and a hole of one size is adjacent a hole of the other size so that the over-all symmetry with respect to the axis of threaded member 12 is maintained. This symmetry is not lost merely because the larger size holes will require more solder than the smaller holes. Moreover, appellant’s device requires solder to attach the wires to the stud, and in fact the specification states that the entire stud may be covered with a coating of solder. No reason is apparent to us why solder should adversely affect the operation of a symmetrical terminal device such as is disclosed by the British patent and not a symmetrical device such as is claimed by appellant.
With regard to the other features of appellant’s claim, namely, the counter-bore and the smooth-surfaced central aperture of the shank member, we can find no reversible error in the position of the board as set forth above. Appellant argues that none of the features disclosed in the Italian patent can be physically combined with features disclosed in the British patent to produce a combination of elements that would anticipate the appealed claims. However, the Italian patent does suggest a counterbore and smooth-surfaced central aperture configuration may be used in such electrical connectors. In order to malee a valid combination of references, it is not necessary to prove that part of a device shown in one can be physically inserted into the device shown in the other reference.
Finding no reversible error in the decision of the board that the claimed subject matter was obvious within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 103, we affirm.
Affirmed.

. Serial No. 776,024, filed November 24,1958.