Court Opinion

ID: 9898248
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-14 19:29:25.404366+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:16:13.256485
License: Public Domain

Filed
                                                                                        Washington State
                                                                                        Court of Appeals
                                                                                         Division Two

                                                                                       September 12, 2023

    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

                                         DIVISION II
 In the Matter of the Personal Restraint of:                        No. 58200-7-II

 JOHN EDISON PEREZ,

                               Petitioner.
                                                              UNPUBLISHED OPINION

       Cruser, A.C.J. — In this personal restraint petition (PRP), John Perez challenges his 2019

convictions for second degree attempted child molestation, communication with a child for

immoral purposes (CMIP), and commercial sexual abuse of a minor. Perez pleaded guilty to his

crimes and waived his right to appeal. Perez’s convictions became final on March 27, 2019, and

he filed this petition in December 2022. He now raises two arguments: a double jeopardy challenge

and a sufficiency of the evidence challenge. Because Perez pleaded guilty, his challenge to the

sufficiency of the State’s evidence is time barred. RCW 10.73.090(1), .100. And because this claim

is time barred, we dismiss this petition as mixed without addressing Perez’s other claim.

                                               FACTS

       John Perez, seeking sex, engaged in an online chat and text message conversation with a

Washington State Patrol trooper posing as a 13-year-old girl. In his conversations with the trooper,

Perez agreed to bring condoms and buy the putative 13-year-old girl a Slurpee drink on his way to

the location where he planned to meet her for sex. Perez stopped at a business on the way to the
No. 58200-7-II

way to the meeting location and purchased the Slurpee. Perez was arrested upon arriving at the

meeting location, and condoms were found in his possession.

       Perez was originally charged with one count of attempted rape of a child in the second

degree and one count of communication with a minor for immoral purposes. Perez entered a plea

bargain with the State in which he agreed to plead guilty to a reduced charge of attempted child

molestation in the second degree, as well as the original count of CMIP, and “an additional felony

sex offense” which was commercial sexual abuse of a minor. Br. of Resp’t App. at 24 (italics

omitted).

       Perez pleaded guilty to the crimes in the amended information and stipulated to an

exceptional sentence upward of 89 months in prison. His judgment became final on March 27,

2019, when it was filed.

                                         DISCUSSION

       Perez argues that his conviction for commercial sexual abuse of a minor rests on

insufficient evidence because the factual basis for his plea did not include evidence that the

Washington State Patrol trooper he communicated with online was a minor. He relies on State v.

Majeed, 14 Wn. App. 2d 868, 878, 474 P.3d 1085 (2020), which held that to prove the crime of

commercial sexual abuse of a minor, the State must prove that a defendant offered payment to a

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No. 58200-7-II

corporeal minor rather than an invented one.1 The State responds that the claim is time barred. We

agree with the State and conclude that Perez’s claim is untimely because no exemption to the time

bar covers this challenge.

       Perez also argues that the State violated the prohibition against double jeopardy by

charging him with both commercial sexual abuse of a minor and CMIP. Because Perez has raised

his double jeopardy challenge in a mixed petition with a time barred claim, we dismiss the entire

petition without reaching the merits of the double jeopardy challenge.

                                            I. TIMELINESS

A. Legal Principles

       Generally, a petitioner may not file a collateral challenge more than one year after a facially

valid judgment and sentence was entered by a court with competent jurisdiction. RCW

10.73.090(1). The time bar does not apply to petitions based solely on one or more claims

enumerated in RCW 10.73.100. For instance, a claim that the conviction violated double jeopardy

is exempt from the time bar. RCW 10.73.100(3). A claim of insufficient evidence is also exempt,

but only if the defendant pleaded not guilty. RCW 10.73.100(4). If a petition mixes both exempt

and non-exempt claims, the entire petition must be dismissed if it was filed more than one year

1
  To the extent Perez implicitly argues that Majeed represents a significant change in the law, he
has undermined his argument by asserting that “the court settled for the first time the mean[ing] of
the statute.” PRP at 8 (emphasis added). Although RCW 10.73.100(6) exempts from the time bar
petitions raising a significant, material, and retroactive change in the law, the exemption does not
apply if the petitioner relies on an opinion that merely settles a point of law without overturning
prior precedent. In re Pers. Restraint of Domingo, 155 Wn.2d 356, 368, 119 P.3d 816 (2005); In
re Pers. Restraint of Turay, 150 Wn.2d 71, 83, 74 P.3d 1194 (2003). Moreover, a plain reading of
Majeed reveals that it did not involve statutory interpretation. It merely applied the plain language
of the statute to facts that fell short of the proof required to sustain the conviction. Majeed, 14 Wn.
App. 2d at 878-79.

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No. 58200-7-II

after the petitioner’s judgment became final. In re Pers. Restraint of Williams, 200 Wn.2d 622,

632, 520 P.3d 933 (2022).

B. Application

        Here, Perez’s conviction became final in March, 2019 and he did not bring this petition

until December, 2022. He raises two claims, both of which must be timely to escape the mixed

petition rule. Because he pleaded guilty, his challenge to the sufficiency of the State’s evidence is

time barred by RCW 10.73.090(1) as it does not fall within the exemption enumerated in RCW

10.73.100(4).2 This renders Perez’s petition mixed, so we dismiss Perez’s petition without

reaching the merits of his claims.

                                          CONCLUSION

        We dismiss Perez’s PRP as time barred.

        A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040,

it is so ordered.

2
  To the extent Perez’s challenge is better understood as a challenge to the validity of his guilty
plea, that is not exempt from the time bar either. See In re Pers. Restraint of Toledo-Sotelo, 176
Wn.2d 759, 770, 297 P.3d 51 (2013); In re Pers. Restraint of Clark, 168 Wn.2d 581, 587, 230 P.3d
156 (2010). Additionally, if Perez successfully sought withdrawal of his negotiated plea
settlement, the State would be free to pursue a remedy for Perez’s clear violation of his plea
agreement.

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No. 58200-7-II

                     CRUSER, A.C.J.
 We concur:

VELJACIC, J.

PRICE, J.

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