Court Opinion

ID: 4241787
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-02 15:36:50.149712+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:27:14.645053
License: Public Domain

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

Siddy W.,                                                                           FILED
Respondent Below, Petitioner                                                   February 2, 2018
                                                                               EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
vs) No. 17-0416 (Wayne County 01-D-395)                                        SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                   OF WEST VIRGINIA

Charles W.,

Petitioner Below, Respondent

                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Siddy W.,1 pro se, appeals the April 10, 2017, order of the Circuit Court of
Wayne County refusing her appeal from a December 28, 2016, order of the Family Court of
Wayne County. In its order, the family court increased Respondent Charles W.’s spousal support
obligation from $1,211 per month to $1,386.24 per month. Respondent, pro se, filed a summary
response in support of the circuit court’s order. Petitioner filed a reply.

        The Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        The parties are divorced, and petitioner has been awarded permanent spousal support.
Pursuant to a July 1, 2003, order, the amount of petitioner’s spousal support was capped at
“one-half of [respondent]’s net income.” The family court explained that such a level of support
“is the maximum that would ever be a fair award.” Consequently, the July 1, 2003, order
contemplated that petitioner’s level of support would fluctuate, capped at one-half of respondent’s
net income.

      However, in a prior appeal, Charles W. v. Siddy W. (“Siddy W. I”), No. 13-1220, 2014 WL
2579311, at *3 (W.Va. June 6, 2014) (memorandum decision), petitioner argued that she was
       1
        Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See Charles W. v. Siddy W.,
No. 13-1220, 2014 WL 2579311, at *1 n.1 and n.2 (W.Va. June 6, 2014) (memorandum decision).

                                                 1
entitled to one-half of respondent’s monthly net income as long as she had financial need for that
amount of support.2 In Siddy W. I, this Court reversed a circuit court order awarding petitioner
one-half of respondent’s monthly net income and remanded the case to the family court for further
proceedings consistent with that decision. Id. at *4.

         Subsequently, respondent’s spousal support obligation was set at $2,394 per month. On
July 19, 2016, respondent filed a petition for modification. In an August 23, 2016, order, the family
court found that each party “has expenses for his [or her] medical care.” Given the commencement
of petitioner’s social security benefits at $1,183 per month, the family court reduced respondent’s
spousal support obligation by that amount and set petitioner’s spousal support at $1,211 per
month. Petitioner appealed the family court’s reduction of her spousal support to the circuit court
which remanded the case for a corrected calculation by order entered on November 10, 2016. The
circuit court found that the family court erred in its calculation by using petitioner’s gross income
because spousal support was to be calculated with each party’s net income.

        By order entered on November 29, 2016, the family court set a hearing for December 19,
2016, and directed petitioner to “present evidence as to her net monthly income[.]”3 The family
court noted that respondent “already submitted evidence of his net monthly income.” Following
the December 19, 2016, hearing, the family court entered a final order on December 28, 2016. The
family court explained that respondent’s net income was determined in its August 23, 2016, order,
but that the previous order did not reflect petitioner’s net income because she failed to submit the
information necessary to make that determination. The family court found that, despite having
another opportunity to submit the needed information at the December 19, 2016 hearing, petitioner
“did not do this (emphasis omitted).” Accordingly, the family court used the most recent
information it had for petitioner’s tax liability, which was for the year 2015. The family court
recalculated respondent’s monthly spousal support obligation as follows:

       7.	     From the information provided[,] the [c]ourt has determined [petitioner]’s
               federal tax liability would be 6.8% of her alimony (12 x $1,211.00 for an
               annual total of $14,532.00) and 6.8% of half of her Social Security
               ($1,183.00 x .5 = $591.[5]0 x 12 = $7,098.00)[.] She would pay 6.8% of
               $21,630.00 for a federal tax [liability] of $1,470.84;

       8.	     For [petitioner’s] West Virginia tax computation[,] there is no non-taxable
               Social Security benefit[;] therefore[,] she would pay tax of 2.2% on her total
               income ($1,183.00 + $1,211.00 = $2,394 x 12 = $28,728.00) for [a] tax
               [liability] of $632.00;

       2
        The proceedings in Siddy W. I were initiated when petitioner filed an amended petition to
modify respondent’s spousal support obligation on July 18, 2013.
       3
         For purposes of this case, “net monthly income” means each party’s gross income minus
their respective tax liability. See Siddy W. I, 2014 WL 2579311, at *1.

                                                 2
       9.	     Therefore, [petitioner]’s total tax liability would be ($1,470.84 + 632 =
               $2,102.84) which would be $175.24 per month. For her to remain at her
               former net income level[,] she would need to receive additional alimony of
               $175.24 per month. [Accordingly, respondent] should pay as alimony
               $1[,]211 plus $175.24 for a total of $1,386.24. . . .

       Petitioner appealed the family court’s December 28, 2016, order increasing her monthly
spousal support from $1,211 per month to $1,386.24 per month. By order entered on April 10,
2017, the circuit court rejected petitioner’s contention that the family court failed to make a
support calculation based on her net income. The circuit court agreed with the family court that its
decision had to be based on “the evidence presented” and that petitioner had the opportunity to
provide up-to-date information regarding her net income, but failed to do so. Second, the circuit
court referred to a ruling in its November 10, 2016, order that, to the extent that petitioner
maintained that the July 1, 2003, order guaranteed her a certain level of support, the 2003 order
was not controlling given a substantial change of circumstances, i.e., both parties reaching
retirement age.4

         Third, the circuit court rejected petitioner’s contention that the family court failed to
consider all relevant factors, explaining that the family court not only addressed respondent’s
“ability to pay, but also . . . the present employment income and other recurring earnings of each
party from any source as well as the financial need of each party.” With regard to respondent’s
ability to pay, the circuit court found that the family court properly used its previous calculation of
respondent’s net income because there was “no credible evidence showing a change . . . in
[respondent]’s net income.” With regard to petitioner’s financial need, the circuit court noted the
family court’s finding that she often presents a “wish list” rather than a listing of her actual
expenses. See Siddy W. I, 2014 WL 2579311, at *1 (noting that the family court made the same
finding with regard to a list of expenses totaling $4,006 per month). Accordingly, the circuit court
refused petitioner’s appeal.

       Petitioner now appeals the circuit court’s April 10, 2017, order refusing her appeal. We
review the matter under the following standard:

              In reviewing a final order entered by a circuit court judge upon a review of,
       or upon a refusal to review, a final order of a family court judge, we review the
       findings of fact made by the family court judge under the clearly erroneous
       standard, and the application of law to the facts under an abuse of discretion
       standard. We review questions of law de novo.

Syl., Carr v. Hancock, 216 W.Va. 474, 607 S.E.2d 803 (2004). In syllabus point 3 of In Re: Name
Change of Jenna A.J., 234 W.Va. 271, 765 S.E.2d 160 (2014), we held as follows:

       4
         As the circuit court found in its November 10, 2016, order, respondent had been receiving
social security benefits “for some time” when benefits began to be paid to petitioner.

                                                  3
               “The general rule is that when a question has been definitely determined by
       this Court its decision is conclusive on parties, privies and courts, including this
       Court, upon a second appeal or writ of error and it is regarded as the law of the
       case.” Syl. Pt. 1, Mullins v. Green, 145 W.Va. 469, 115 S.E.2d 320 (1960).

We have further found that rulings of lower courts that are not appealed become the law of the case
and are conclusive in subsequent proceedings in that case. See Noland v. Virginia Insurance
Reciprocal, 224 W.Va. 372, 378, 686 S.E.2d 23, 29 (2009) (finding that the lower court’s partial
summary judgment constituted the law of the case because it was not appealed).

        On appeal, petitioner first contends that the circuit court disregarded the law of the case
when it found that the July 1, 2003, order was not controlling with regard to setting respondent’s
spousal support obligation. Respondent counters that petitioner is attempting to re-litigate an issue
that has been previously adjudicated. In Siddy W. I, we found that, pursuant to the July 1, 2003,
order, one-half of respondent’s net income is the “maximum amount” that he can be required to
pay in spousal support. 2014 WL 2579311, at *3. Therefore, we concur with the circuit court’s
finding that the family court’s failure to award petitioner one-half of respondent’s net income in
the latest modification proceeding was not a ground for reversing the family court’s December 28,
2016, order.

        Second, petitioner contends that the family court failed to consider each of the twenty
factors set forth in West Virginia Code § 48-6-301(b) for determining an award of spousal support.
However, petitioner also states that this error dates back to the July 1, 2003 order, which addressed
only petitioner’s financial need, respondent’s ability to pay, and the equitable distribution between
the parties. To the extent that petitioner wants to appeal this aspect of the July 1, 2003, order, the
time for her to do so has long since passed. In the instant modification proceeding, the circuit court
found that the family court addressed respondent’s ability to pay as well as “the present
employment income and other recurring earnings of each party from any source as well as the
financial need of each party.” The circuit court further found that the family court did not need to
extensively discuss each of the twenty factors if not pertinent to the instant case. We agree and find
that the factors listed by the circuit court are like the factors that we found pertinent in Siddy W. I.
See 2014 WL 2579311, at *2-4. Therefore, we concur with the circuit court’s finding that this
alleged error was not a ground for reversing the family court’s order.

       Next, petitioner contends that the family court failed to recalculate respondent’s net
income and failed to take account of respondent’s earnings from his closely held corporation. In
Siddy W. I, we directed the family court to include profits from respondent’s closely held
corporation in the calculation of his income. Id. at *4. According to respondent, those profits are
included in the family court’s calculation. The circuit court found that the family court considered
each party’s earnings “from any source” and did not need to recalculate respondent’s net income
because there was “no credible evidence showing a change . . . in [his] net income.” Upon our
review of the record, we concur with the circuit court’s finding and conclude that this alleged error
was not a ground for reversing the family court’s order.

                                                   4
        Fourth, petitioner contends that the family court failed to comply with the circuit court’s
directive from the November 10, 2016, order that it recalculate respondent’s spousal support
obligation using petitioner’s net income. In its December 28, 2016, order, the family court found
that petitioner failed to submit up-to-date information despite two opportunities to do so and that it
had to calculate her net income using figures from the previous year. Therefore, we concur with
the circuit court’s finding that the family court had to make the recalculation based on “the
evidence presented” and that petitioner’s failure to submit up-to-date information was not a ground
for reversing the family court’s order.

        Finally, with regard to both the level of petitioner’s net income and the level of
respondent’s profits from his closely held corporation, petitioner contends that there is new
information that could affect the family court’s calculation of respondent’s support obligation.
Petitioner explains that she could not provide information she did not have at the December 19,
2016 hearing. We note that the family court increased respondent’s support obligation by $175.24
per month in the December 28, 2016, order from the amount calculated in its November 10, 2016,
order. Moreover, the record reflects that each of the parties is aware of how to file a petition to
modify respondent’s support obligation based on changed circumstances. To the extent that
petitioner has new information that could affect the amount of respondent’s support obligation, she
may file a petition for modification. However, based on the present record, we find that the family
court did not abuse its discretion in setting respondent’s spousal support obligation at $1,386.24
per month. Therefore, we conclude that the circuit court properly refused petitioner’s appeal from
the family court’s December 28, 2016, order.

        For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s April 10, 2017, order refusing
petitioner’s appeal from the family court’s December 28, 2016, order that increased respondent’s
spousal support obligation from $1,211 per month to $1,386.24 per month.

                                                                                           Affirmed.

ISSUED: February 2, 2018

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker

                                                  5