Court Opinion

ID: 857817
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-04-11 16:43:38.247417+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:40:49.158633
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                      No. 12-3716
                                      ___________

                         DR. FLORA K. MOSAKA-WRIGHT,
                                           Appellant

                                            v.

                              LA ROCHE COLLEGE
                      ____________________________________

                    On Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Western District of Pennsylvania
                               (D.C. No. 2-11-cv-01139)
                     District Judge: Honorable Arthur J. Schwab
                     ____________________________________

                    Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                    April 4, 2013

            Before: SCIRICA, JORDAN and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges

                             (Opinion filed: April 11, 2013)
                                     ___________

                                       OPINION
                                      ___________

PER CURIAM

       Dr. Flora Mosaka-Wright, proceeding pro se, appeals an order of the United States

District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania granting summary judgment in

favor of La Roche College in her employment discrimination action. For the reasons that

follow, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.
      The record reflects that La Roche College hired Mosaka-Wright in 2000 as the

Associate Dean for International Programs. In 2002, La Roche eliminated Mosaka-

Wright’s position and 23 other positions for financial reasons. Dr. Howard Ishiyama, the

Vice President of Academic Affairs, offered Mosaka-Wright a job as a Visiting Assistant

Professor in the Sociology Department. According to Ishiyama, Department Chair

MariJean Ferguson had asked that Mosaka-Wright be assigned to her Department.

      Mosaka-Wright signed a Faculty Appointment Agreement (“FAA”) for three

semesters from January 1, 2003 through May 15, 2004. Mosaka-Wright taught as an

adjunct professor in the summers of 2003 and 2004 pursuant to separate agreements.

Mosaka-Wright and Ferguson were the only full-time faculty in the Sociology

Department.

      In May 2004, Mosaka-Wright was offered a position as a Visiting Assistant

Professor for the next school year pursuant to an FAA for the period August 15, 2004

through May 15, 2005. Mosaka-Wright testified at her deposition that she sought legal

help when she did not timely receive the contract. Mosaka-Wright’s lawyer sent a letter

to Ishiyama objecting to the 9-month term. La Roche, however, stood by its offer and

Mosaka-Wright accepted it.

      In June 2004, Mosaka-Wright met with Ishiyama and gave him a document

outlining problems she was having with Ferguson. Mosaka-Wright explained at her

deposition that Ferguson, who is now deceased, had a strong personality and that she has

a strong personality as well. Mosaka-Wright testified that Ferguson had called her
                                            2
verbose and arrogant and had criticized her syllabi. She described Ferguson and herself

as “at odds with each other.” Mosaka-Wright Dep. at 232. In support of her

discrimination claim, Mosaka-Wright, who is African, testified that Ferguson had said

that the campus looked “like the projects” with “black students hanging out.” Mosaka-

Wright Dep. at 130. Ferguson laughed when Mosaka-Wright confronted her about the

comment. Ishiyama did not discuss the document Mosaka-Wright gave him with

Ferguson because she had asked him not to.1

      In August 2004, enrollment in Mosaka-Wright’s upcoming fall courses was low

and, as a result, she worked on projects and taught fewer classes. Mosaka-Wright

testified that she knew in the fall of 2004 that Ferguson would not recommend that her

contract be renewed because Ferguson did not like her. Ishiyama has never offered a

contract to a visiting professor without the recommendation of the Department Chair.

Ishiyama also attested that Mosaka-Wright’s student evaluations were the worst he had

ever seen. Ferguson passed away in early 2005. Mosaka-Wright was not offered another

FAA when her contract expired in May 2005. She was not replaced. Adjunct professors

1
 Mosaka-Wright testified to other comments by Ferguson, but her testimony reflects that
she believed these comments were race-neutral or that she agreed with them. For
example, Mosaka-Wright testified that Ferguson had told her that adjunct professors said
that she favored international students. Mosaka-Wright believed anyone could assume
that she favored these students because she had been initially hired to work with them.
Mosaka-Wright also stated that Ferguson had said there was a “cultural divide” between
them. Mosaka-Wright Dep. at 138. She agreed there was a cultural divide, although she
felt that Ferguson’s comment was intended to be pejorative.
                                             3
taught Sociology courses during the 2005-06 school year and a new full-time Department

Chair was hired in August 2006.

       In May 2005, Mosaka-Wright filed a discrimination complaint, which was later

amended through counsel, against La Roche with the Pennsylvania Human Relations

Commission (“PHRC”). The complaint was dual-filed with the Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission, which issued a notice of dismissal and right to sue letter.

Mosaka-Wright then filed in District Court a pro se complaint, claiming retaliation and

discrimination based on her race, national origin, and age in violation of Title VII of the

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e et seq. The District Court granted La

Roche’s summary judgment motion and this appeal followed.

       We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We exercise plenary review

over the District Court’s grant of summary judgment. Moore v. City of Philadelphia, 461

F.3d 331, 340 (3d Cir. 2006).

       The District Court ruled that Mosaka-Wright failed to establish a prima facie case

of retaliation because she did not show that she engaged in any protected activity before

she learned that her contract would not be renewed. See Moore, 461 F.3d at 340-41

(stating a prima facie case requires a plaintiff to show that she engaged in protected

activity, that her employer took an adverse employment action, and that the protected

activity and adverse employment action are causally connected).

       Mosaka-Wright argues on appeal that she engaged in protected activity when her

attorney objected to her contract and when she filed a complaint with the PHRC.
                                             4
Appellant’s Br. at 32. As recognized by the District Court, Mosaka-Wright’s attorney

only objected to the term of her contract and that act did not constitute protected activity.

See id. at 341 (noting protected activity includes participation in Title VII proceedings

and opposition to discrimination made unlawful by Title VII). Mosaka-Wright’s PHRC

complaint constitutes protected activity, but because she filed the complaint after she

learned she would not be offered another FAA, the filing and adverse employment action

are not causally connected. Summary judgment was thus properly granted on this claim.2

       The District Court also decided that Mosaka-Wright failed to produce evidence in

support of her race and national origin discrimination claims. The burden-shifting

framework established in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973),

applies to Mosaka-Wright’s claims. Sarullo v. United States Postal Serv., 352 F.3d 789,

797 (3d Cir. 2003) (per curiam). Under this framework, Mosaka-Wright had the initial

burden of establishing a prima facie case of discrimination by a preponderance of the

evidence. Id. Whether Mosaka-Wright established a prima facie case is a question of

law. Id.

       Mosaka-Wright was required to show that (1) she belongs to a protected class; (2)

she was qualified for the position she sought; and (3) she was subject to an adverse

employment action; (4) under circumstances that give rise to an inference of unlawful

2
 Mosaka-Wright suggests in her brief that Ferguson retaliated against her because she
confronted her about her derogatory racial remark, but even if this was protected activity,
there is no evidence showing that her conversation with Ferguson had any connection to
the decision not to offer her another contract.
                                              5
discrimination. See id. To the extent the District Court found that Mosaka-Wright failed

to satisfy the fourth element and show that the circumstances give rise to an inference of

unlawful discrimination, we agree with that conclusion.

       Mosaka-Wright’s evidence of race and/or national origin discrimination consists

of her own deposition testimony that Ferguson did not like her and made an offensive

remark about black students. Mosaka-Wright, however, was required to establish “some

causal nexus” between her membership in a protected class and the decision not to offer

her another contract. Sarullo, 352 F.3d at 798. The record reflects that Ishiyama has

never offered a visiting professor contract without the recommendation of the

Department Chair and that Mosaka-Wright was told she did not have Ferguson’s

recommendation. The evidence is insufficient, however, to show that the Ferguson’s lack

of support had a causal nexus to Mosaka-Wright’s race or national origin. Because

summary judgment was warranted on this basis, we need not address the other reasons

given by the District Court.3

       Finally, as explained by the District Court, summary judgment was warranted on

Mosaka-Wright’s age discrimination claim for failure to exhaust administrative remedies.

       Accordingly, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

3
 La Roche also argues in its brief that Mosaka-Wright did not produce evidence to
support a hostile work environment claim. We need not address this argument because
Mosaka-Wright did not bring such a claim in her complaint.
                                             6