Court Opinion

ID: 5129961
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-11-30 04:00:10.638314+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:23:14.940541
License: Public Domain

ARMED SERVICES BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS

 Appeal of -                                    )
                                                )
 Globe Trailer Manufacturing, Inc.              )   ASBCA No. 62594
                                                )
 Under Contract No. W56HZV-11-D-0204            )

 APPEARANCE FOR THE APPELLANT:                       Rodney Stieger, Esq.
                                                      Stinson LLP
                                                      Denver, CO

 APPEARANCES FOR THE GOVERNMENT:                     Arthur M. Taylor, Esq.
                                                      DCMA Chief Trial Attorney
                                                     Michael T. Patterson, Esq.
                                                      Trial Attorney
                                                      Defense Contract Management Agency
                                                      Chantilly, VA

           OPINION BY ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE D’ALESSANDRIS
        ON THE GOVERNMENT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

        Pending before the Board is the “Government’s Motion for Summary Judgment to
Deny Appellant’s Claim as Untimely Under the Contract Disputes Act’s Statute of
Limitations” filed by the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA or
government). In 2011, the government awarded a requirements contract for semitrailers
to appellant, Globe Trailer Manufacturing, Inc. (Globe). Globe asserts that the
government required constructive changes to the contract. In March 2014, after Globe
failed to pass first article testing, the government terminated the contract for convenience.

       In November 2014, Globe submitted its termination settlement proposal (TSP I)
which did not include a claim for constructive change costs. In October 2016, the
termination contracting officer issued a final decision finding partial merit and awarding
Globe $987,345.76 out of a claimed amount of $7,233,387.89. Globe timely appealed to
the Board, where the matter was docketed as ASBCA No. 60979. While that appeal was
pending, in June 2017, Globe filed a revised termination settlement proposal (TSP II)
seeking $21,003,162.54. Significantly, the TSP II asserted amounts due for the
termination settlement and the alleged constructive changes in a combined claim, without
asserting a sum-certain dollar amount for the alleged constructive changes. Following
settlement discussions between the parties, in July 2019, the Board issued its decision on
the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment regarding the proper calculation of a
termination settlement for a commercial items contract requiring first item testing.
Relevant to this appeal, the decision held that Globe’s constructive change claims were
not properly before the Board because they had not been presented to the contacting
officer in TSP I.
        Globe and the government again entered into settlement discussions, and in
June 2020, Globe provided the government with additional calculations and supporting
documentation regarding its constructive change claims, which it characterized as a
supplement to its TSP II (TSP II Supplement). After the government informed Globe
that it did not believe Globe’s submission was a valid claim, and would not issue a final
decision, Globe appealed to the Board on the basis of a deemed denial. The Board
docketed this appeal as ASBCA No. 62594. In January 2021, the Board issued its
decision denying the government’s motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction, holding that Globe’s TSP II was not a valid CDA claim because it did not
present a sum certain, but that the TSP II Supplement was a valid claim. The government
now moves for summary judgment, asserting that the TSP II Supplement was submitted
more than six years after claim accrual. Globe opposes the government’s motion,
alleging that its claim did not accrue until the parties’ settlement discussions reached an
impasse; because equitable tolling precludes the government’s motion; and that the
government’s motion should be denied because discovery is not complete. For the
reasons stated below, we grant the government’s motion, enter summary judgment in
favor of the government, and deny Globe’s appeal related to the alleged constructive
changes.

            STATEMENT OF FACTS FOR PURPOSES OF THE MOTION

       The Board previously issued two decisions related to this appeal. Globe Trailer
Manufacturing, Inc. ASBCA No. 60979, 19-1 BCA ¶ 37,392; and Globe Trailer
Manufacturing, Inc., ASBCA No. 62594, 21-1 BCA ¶ 37,795. Familiarity with those
decisions is assumed, and only facts relevant to this decision are presented here.

   I. The Contract

        On September 21, 2011, the United States Army awarded Contract No. W56HZV-
11-D-0204 and Delivery Order 0001 to Globe (R4, tab 2 at G-312, tab 3 at G-399). The
contract was a five-year requirements contract for M870A4 low bed semitrailers and
related deliverables (R4, tab 1 at G-197-98, tab 2 at G-313-31). The M870A4 is a trailer
intended for military use on diverse surfaces and climates. The contract required
successful first article testing before the manufacture of production quantities could begin
(id. at G-377). The contract incorporated by reference the clauses at Federal Acquisition
Regulation (FAR) 52.243-1, CHANGES – FIXED PRICE (AUG 1987) (id. at G-375)
and Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) clause 252.243-7002,
REQUESTS FOR EQUITABLE ADJUSTMENT (MAR 1998) (id. at G-376). The
contract also incorporated by reference FAR 52.233-1, DISPUTES (JULY 2002) (id.
at G-375).

                                             2
   II. Contract Administration Relevant To Globe’s Alleged Constructive Changes

        Globe asserts constructive changes relating to 1) a change in the gross vehicle
weight; 2) a requirement to build trailer deck extensions outside the payload area;
3) designating defective electrical specifications; 4) requiring a trailer attachment shackle
for the loaded prime mover; 5) requiring a quality assurance plan exceeding contractual
requirements; 6) “recommending” that Globe provide an additional trailer and additional
testing; and 7) other miscellaneous changes (Globe Trailer, 21-1 BCA ¶ 37,795
at 183,496). We briefly address contractual events relevant to the accrual of Globe’s
constructive change allegations.

       On January 10, 2012, the U.S. Army Procurement Contracting Officer (PCO) sent
Globe a letter stating that the government intended to revise the contract specifications by
requiring Globe to raise the trailer deck height and change its proposed trailer tires
(R4, tab 4 at G-404). On January 31, 2012, Globe submitted Engineering Change
Proposal (ECP) GTM870A4ECP001 (R4, tab 5 at G-406-07). The ECP proposed various
changes to the trailer (id. at G-408) resulting in a change in the weight of the trailer from
19,259 lbs. to 20,100 lbs. (id. at G-407). The parties executed bilateral modification
No. P00001 on April 13, 2012 incorporating ECP GTM870A4ECP001 and its design
changes to the test and production vehicles into the contract, and adjusting contract
pricing (R4, tab 7 at G-426-27).

       On May 1, 2012, the PCO issued a letter to Globe stating that the government
intended to revise the requirement for the shakedown test to be performed on an initial
production lot trailer by requiring Globe to deliver an unpainted trailer for the shakedown
test. The letter requested that Globe “provide a written concurrence affirming the above
changes will have no cost or schedule impact to the contract” and requested that Globe
submit a proposal for evaluation before incurring any additional costs (R4, tab 10).
Globe did not request a cost increase to the contract as a result of this change.

        On July 30, 2012, Globe submitted a shakedown test report to the Army noting a
trailer curb weight of 21,885 pounds (R4, tab 11 at G-475). On August 14, 2012, the
Army conducted a shakedown test review, noting that the trailer was overweight (R4,
tab 13 at G-574). In a letter dated August 21, 2012 to the PCO, Globe requested that the
trailer’s curb weight be increased in light of the past and anticipated engineering changes
to between 21,600 and 23,000 pounds (R4, tab 14 at G-582). In a letter dated
September 21, 2012 to Globe, the PCO stated that “any increase over the 20,100 pound
Trailer weight approved via ECP GTM870A4ECP001 on 13 Apr 2012 is unacceptable”
(R4, tab 16 at G-585).

       Globe’s December 21, 2012 report on its Contractor Corrective Action Vehicle
Test (CCAVT) conducted from December 13, 2012 to December 19, 2012 stated that
Globe provided a trailer for testing weighing 19,960 pounds (R4, tab 18 at G-593). The
parties conducted testing on the trailers from January 7, 2013 to January 17, 2013 at
                                              3
Globe’s facility in Bradenton, Florida (First Production Verification Inspection
(FPVI) #1). Several critical hardware problems arose that directly impacted the trailer
configuration, and the government disapproved of the FPVI (R4, tab 19).

       In a letter to Globe dated February 20, 2013, the PCO stated that the government
was waiving the deck width requirement of no more than two feet of spacing between
each bracket in the wheel well areas for the FPVI only. The PCO further explained that if
current support with greater than two feet of spacing passes Production Verification
Testing (PVT), then the government would also waive the requirement for production.
(R4, tab 21)

       Globe conducted a second FPVI (FPVI #2) between February 25, 2013 and
March 6, 2013, and its final report, dated April 2, 2013, stated that the trailer tested is
“production representative” and “meets the requirements established by ATPD 2395C”
(R4, tab 23 at G-604-05). On April 18, 2013, the Army notified Globe that it had
determined Globe “has met all of the requirements for FPVI and is ready to progress to
Production Verification Testing (PVT)” (R4, tab 24 at G-664).

       The parties executed Modification No. P00004 to the contract on May 3, 2013
(R4, tab 25 at G-666). The modification funded CLIN 0003AC for $317,800 to provide
one test service representative at Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) and one test service
representative at Yuma Proving Ground Test Center (YPG) to support training and PVT
for a period of eight months at ATC and six months at YPG (id. at G-672).

        Globe identified a problem with the trailer shackle in its Failure Analysis
Corrective Action Report (FACAR), dated May 29, 2013 (R4, tab 26 at G-697). The
report indicated that Globe had already “designed a new clevis which will work to
properly couple the prime movers with the M870A4” (id.), and that Globe load tested the
new clevis and delivered the clevises to test sites the week ending May 24, 2013 (id.
at G-698). The clevis was independently load tested and results received on May 28,
2013 (id.). The Army halted the PVT in June 2013 due to a deformation in the cross
members designed to reduce trailer weight (R4, tab 27). In July 2013, Globe provided a
“M870A4 Main Deck Cross-Member Deformation Analysis” report (R4, tab 29).

        Globe’s FACAR, dated June 25, 2013, identified a deficiency with the
M870A4 trailer connection pin assignments for the electrical system (R4, tab 28
at G-732). The FACAR proposed a corrective action plan addressing the wiring problem
(id. at G-732-34). On September 9, 2013, the government sent an email to Globe
explaining why Globe’s proposed wiring solution was not going to work and provided
history related to the trailer wiring (R4, tab 31). In a letter to the PCO dated September
23, 2013, Globe verified that it would “perform limited testing of trailer PVT Phase II-I
at Aberdeen Proving Grounds,” “incur all shipping costs,” and “incur the cost of
providing test site support representatives” (R4, tab 32 at G-860).

                                              4
       In a letter dated January 6, 2014, Globe requested that the government expand the
waiver regarding the bracket spacing for the deck width extensions by removing the
wording “in the wheel well areas” (R4, tab 38). Globe further noted that the current
number of brackets operated satisfactorily during loading of the largest piece of
equipment during PVT Phase I (id.). In a letter dated January 15, 2014, the government
denied Globe’s request to expand the waiver for the bracket spacing for the deck width
extensions because Globe did not identify the areas of the trailer for which it wanted
the spacing waiver extended, nor did Globe specify what the bracket spacing would be
(R4, tab 39).

       On March 11, 2014, the U.S. Army terminated the Contract for convenience of the
Government stating such action was taken pursuant to the FAR 52.212-4(l) termination
for convenience clause for commercial item contracts (R4, tab 41). Globe ceased
performing work on the contract.

III.     Globe’s Termination Settlement Proposals And The Parties’ Settlement
         Negotiations

        On November 12, 2014, Globe submitted its TSP I using the Standard Form 1435
(inventory method), at the direction of the contracting officer, in the amount of
$7,233,387.89 (R4, tab 48). The TSP did not include any amount for constructive change
costs. Nearly two years later, on October 7, 2016, the Termination Contracting Officer
(TCO) issued a final decision awarding Globe $977,345.76 (R4, tab 49 at G-1041). On
December 29, 2016, Globe appealed the TCO’s final decision on its TSP I to the Board.
The Board docketed the appeal as ASBCA No. 60979. In February 2017, the parties
jointly requested that Globe be permitted to submit a revised TSP calculated as a
commercial item settlement (mot. Feb. 24, 2017). Following this request, Globe asserts
that DCMA counsel contacted Globe about settling Globe’s appeal using current fiscal
year funds (compl. ¶ 57). 1 The parties continued settlement negotiations, off and on,
through June 2020.

       On June 30, 2017, Globe submitted its TSP II alleging entitlement to
$21,003,162.54 (R4, tab 50). In this revised TSP, Globe asserted entitlement to
additional money under both the commercial items and standard termination clauses (id.
at G-1048). Moreover, Globe included a discussion of the constructive changes but never
quantified its claimed entitlement from these alleged changes (id. at G-1082-89); Globe
Trailer, 21-1 BCA ¶ 37,795 at 183,499. Rather, Globe’s TSP asserted claimed costs for
all work performed without breaking-out the cost of the asserted extra-contractual

1
    Globe has not supported this proposed finding of fact with a declaration. We cite
        Globe’s assertions to provide context, but, even assuming the truth of the
        assertion, we do not find it to be material to the resolution of the appeal.
                                               5
constructive changes. Globe Trailer, 21-1 BCA ¶ 37,795 at 183,496. 2 The TCO did not
issue a final decision on Globe’s TSP II.

       The parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment in ASBCA No. 60979
regarding the proper interpretation of the termination settlement provision for
commercial item contracts when the contract also contained the First Article Approval
clause at FAR 52.209-4. On July 10, 2019, the Board issued its decision on the parties’
cross-motions. In our decision, we noted that “[t]he government has not moved to
dismiss Globe’s constructive change claims on the basis of lack of jurisdiction . . . we
leave open the question of whether something in the record could support jurisdiction for
Globe’s constructive change claims.” Globe Trailer, 19-1 BCA ¶ 37,392 at 181,786 n.6.
Following the Board’s decision, the parties resumed settlement negotiations.

       On February 4, 2020, Globe submitted its “Position Statement for Settlement
Discussion concerning Constructive Changes Contract No. W56HZV-11-D-0204”
(R4, tab 51). The letter includes a section entitled “Legal Analysis and
Damages” describing six alleged constructive changes to the contract by the Army (id.
at G-1166-70). However, the letter did not assert a dollar value for the asserted
constructive changes.

       By email on June 11, 2020, Globe provided supplemental materials related to the
asserted constructive changes, and requested a contracting officer’s final decision (R4,
tabs 52-54). Among these materials, Globe attached an excel spreadsheet which asserted
constructive change damages of $4,565,642.58 (R4, tab 53 at G-1273). In a second email
the same day, Globe provided a certification dated June 9, 2020 and signed by Globe
President Jeffery K. Walters, Sr. (R4, tab 55 at G-1277).

        By email on June 25, 2020, the DCMA trial attorney informed Globe that the TCO
would not be issuing a final decision since DCMA did not believe that Globe had
submitted a properly certified claim (R4, tab 56). On June 29, 2020, Globe appealed to
the Board alleging a deemed denial its TSP II Supplement claim. Specifically, Globe
stated that it was appealing the “deemed denial of its Certified Claim for constructive
changes” and that the “amount in dispute is $4,565,642.58” (Notice of Appeal, Jun. 29,
2020). On July 2, 2020, the Board docketed the appeal as ASBCA No. 62594. On
July 31, 2020, the government filed a motion to dismiss Globe’s appeal for lack of
subject matter jurisdiction. On January 28, 2021, we denied the motion to dismiss,
holding that Globe’s June 2017 TSP II was not a valid claim, because it did not contain a

2
    Globe provided a breakdown of its costs, for example providing detail on direct labor
        costs; however, the direct labor was for all work performed without breaking out
        the work performed pursuant to the contract from the work performed for the
        allegedly extra-contractual constructive changes (R4, tab 50 at G-1097). We see
        no way to break-out the alleged constructive change costs, and Globe has not
        proposed a way to perform the calculation.
                                              6
sum certain for the constructive change claims, but that Globe’s June 2020 TSP II
Supplement was a valid claim. Globe Trailer, 21-1 BCA ¶ 37,795 at 183,498-500.

                                        DECISION

       I.     Standard Of Review

        “We will grant summary judgment only if there is no genuine issue as to any
material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Celotex
Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986) (citation omitted). A material fact is one that
may affect the outcome of the decision. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242,
248 (1986). “The moving party bears the burden of establishing the absence of any
genuine issue of material fact and all significant doubt over factual issues must be
resolved in favor of the party opposing summary judgment.” Mingus Constructors, Inc.
v. United States, 812 F.2d 1387, 1390 (Fed. Cir. 1987). Once the moving party has met
its burden of establishing the absence of disputed material facts, then the non-moving
party must set forth specific facts, not conclusory statements or bare assertions, to defeat
the motion. Pure Gold, Inc. v. Syntex (U.S.A.), Inc., 739 F.2d 624, 626-27 (Fed. Cir.
1984). “A genuine issue of material fact arises when the nonmovant presents sufficient
evidence upon which a reasonable fact finder, drawing the requisite inferences and
applying the applicable evidentiary standard, could decide the issue in favor of the
nonmovant.” C. Sanchez and Son, Inc. v. United States, 6 F.3d 1539, 1541 (Fed. Cir.
1993) (citation omitted).

       II.    The Parties’ Settlement Negotiations Did Not Delay Claim Accrual

        Globe’s primary argument is that its constructive change claim is timely because
its cause of action did not accrue until there was an impasse in settlement negotiations.
Here, Globe attempts to combine its constructive change claim with its termination for
convenience claim to assert what it attempts to characterize as a single cause of action,
that did not accrue until the later of the accrual dates – that is the accrual for its
termination settlement proposal (app. resp. at 8-11). While Globe is correct that a
termination settlement proposal claim does not accrue until the parties reach an impasse
in negotiations (see, e.g., Thorpe See-Op Corp., ASBCA Nos. 58960, 58961, 15-1 BCA
¶ 35,833 at 175,246), Globe’s error is in attempting to bring its constructive change
claims within the scope of the termination settlement. Globe’s notice of appeal
specifically stated that it was appealing the deemed denial of its constructive change
claim in the amount of $4,565,642.58. Globe’s termination settlement claim is the
subject of the related appeal ASBCA No. 60979.

      Globe is alleging that the government constructively changed its contract. The
Changes clause, FAR 52.243-1(b) requires that the government make an equitable
adjustment to the contract when the government makes a change to the contract that

                                              7
causes an increase or decrease in the cost or time required for performance.
Additionally, the FAR provides:

                Accrual of a claim means the date when all events, that fix the
                alleged liability of either the Government or the contractor
                and permit assertion of the claim, were known or should have
                been known. For liability to be fixed, some injury must have
                occurred. However, monetary damages need not have been
                incurred.

FAR 33.201. As detailed in the statement of facts above, the events fixing liability for
Globe’s constructive change claims occurred during the first article testing, generally in
2012 and 2013. As the government notes, at the latest, the claims must have accrued at
the termination for convenience on March 11, 2014. On that date, Globe’s performance
of the contract ended, and Globe would have known or should have known all facts
relevant to a constructive change claim.

        Here, Globe did not submit a valid CDA claim until its TSP II Supplement in
June 2020. Globe Trailer, 21-1 BCA ¶ 37,795 at 183,499-500. As we noted in our prior
decision, Globe’s TSP II failed to include a sum certain for its constructive change
claims and, and thus, was not a valid CDA claim. Id. at 183,499. 3 As noted above,
Globe’s constructive change claims accrued, at the latest, on March 11, 2014, meaning
that they accrued more than six years prior to the date of Globe’s claim, and are
untimely. 41 U.S.C. § 7103(a)(4)(A).

        Globe contends that the cases establishing claim accrual “are inapposite because
they involve factual backgrounds where constructive change claims are submitted in
isolation, and none involve instances in which there was a termination for convenience,
termination settlement proposal, or years of ongoing settlement negotiations, as under our
facts” (app. resp. at 10). We disagree. As noted above, this appeal involves only Globe’s
constructive change claim. As the Federal Circuit noted in Electric Boat, “[w]hether and
when a claim has accrued is determined according to the Federal Acquisition Regulation
(FAR), the language of the contract, and the facts of the particular case.” Electric Boat
Corp. v. Navy, 958 F.3d 1372, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2020). The fact that Globe was
simultaneously negotiating a termination settlement proposal did not toll the statute of
limitations for its constructive change claim.

       We cite the March 11, 2014 date for simplicity; however most, if not all, of
Globe’s constructive change claims accrued much earlier. For example, Globe’s
constructive change pertaining to gross vehicle weight likely accrued when the

3
    As we held in our prior decision, to the extent that Globe included a dollar amount in its
        TSP II, it was a proposal for settlement purposes and not a sum certain for a claim.
        Globe Trailer, 21-1 BCA ¶ 37,795 at 183,499.
                                                8
contracting officer refused Globe’s requested modification in September 2012 (R4, tab 16
at G-585) and its constructive change for the provision of an additional test trailer likely
accrued with the government’s request in May 2012 that Globe provide an additional
trailer (R4, tab 10). Globe was aware of the deck extensions outside the payload area
starting with communications in February 2013 (R4, tab 21) and continuing through
January 2014 (R4, tab 38). Globe’s allegations regarding defective electrical connections
were known to Globe when it submitted a FACAR in May of 2013 (R4, tab 28) and when
the government rejected Globe’s proposed solution in September 2013 (R4, tab 31).
Globe was aware of the trailer shackle issue and discussed the issue in a May 2013
FACAR (R4, tab 26 at G-697), and Globe indicated that it had designed the new shackle
and tested it that same month (id. at G-697-98). Globe’s quality assurance plan that was
allegedly beyond the contract requirements was submitted to the government in
June 2013 (R4, tab 50 at G-1087). The additional test service representatives at the
Aberdeen Test Center and the Yuma Test Center were required, and funded, by a contract
modification in May 2013 (R4, tab 25). Thus, Globe didn’t miss the statute of limitations
claim deadline by three months from March 11, 2020 (six years after the termination for
convenience) to the June 11, 2020 TSP II Supplement. Instead, each of the alleged
constructive changes has a separate claim accrual date, and many of the claims accrued in
2012 and 2013. 4

       Globe asserts that it “was under constant pressure to perform and deliver on
schedule under the contract during the latter part of 2013 and into the early months of
2014, and it had no reason at that time to try to gather all of the cost-related data
necessary to submit a formal claim (app. resp. at 7). Even if Globe was under pressure to
perform, that did not prevent the accrual of Globe’s claim.

         III.   Globe Has Not Established That Equitable Tolling Is Appropriate

        Globe asserts that, even if its claim is barred by the CDA statute of limitations, it
is entitled to equitable tolling (app. resp. at 11-14). The CDA’s statute of limitations is
not jurisdictional, and is subject to equitable tolling. Sikorsky Aircraft Corp. v.
United States, 773 F.3d 1315, 1322 (Fed. Cir. 2014). The Board has held that the CDA’s
six-year statute of limitations “may be equitably tolled when a litigant has (1) been
pursuing his rights diligently, and (2) some extraordinary circumstance ‘stood in his way
and prevented timely filing.’” The Adamant Grp. for Contracting and Gen. Trading,
ASBCA No. 60316, 16-1 BCA ¶ 36,577 at 178,136 (citing Menominee Indian Tribe of
Wis. v. United States, 577 U.S. 250, 255 (2016)); see also Kamaludin Slyman CSC,
ASBCA No. 62006 et al., 21-1 BCA ¶ 37,849 at 183,794. Here, Globe asserts that it had

4
    Additionally, we note that some of the alleged constructive changes appear to have been
         required pursuant to bilateral contract modifications. With the exception of a
         footnote regarding an element of Globe’s weight reduction claim (gov’t mot. at 36
         n.3) the government has not moved for summary judgment on that basis, and we
         make no findings on that basis.
                                                9
been pursuing its rights diligently, citing to its attempt to assert its constructive change
claims in its TSP II in June 2017, the fact that the parties jointly requested the Board to
allow Globe to submit a revised TSP, and Globe’s assertion of the constructive change
claims in its complaint in ASBCA No. 60979 in July 2017 (app. resp. at 12-13).
However, even if we assume that this was sufficient to satisfy the first element of the test
for tolling, it is clear that Globe cannot satisfy the second element, that some
extraordinary circumstance prevented Globe from filing its claim. Globe contends that
the government employed “misleading tactics” to extend the parties’ settlement
negotiations beyond expiration of the statute of limitations (id. at 13). Globe’s
allegations fail to establish that it was prevented from filing its claim. “[I]n the absence
of trickery, once a claim has accrued and the statute of limitations begins to run,
‘subsequent communications between [the contractor] and the government about the
claim’s merits and magnitude [do] nothing to toll it.’” Ford Lumber & Bldg. Supply,
Inc., ASBCA No. 61617 et al., 19-1 BCA ¶ 37,407 at 181,847 (quoting Raytheon Missile
Sys., ASBCA No. 58011, 13 BCA ¶ 35,241 at 173,018). Globe’s allegations of
“misleading tactics” pertain to the government’s actions in continuing to negotiate with
Globe; however, Globe does not assert that the government made false statements or
engaged in “trickery” (app. resp. at 13). Simply put, Globe has not asserted facts
sufficient to establish that an extraordinary circumstance prevented it from filing its
claim. Kamaludin Slyman, 21-1 BCA ¶ 37,849 at 183,795.

        Globe additionally alleges that equitable tolling is appropriate because it submitted
a defective pleading during the statutory period (app. resp. at 11-13 (citing Lodge Const.,
Inc. v. United States, 153 Fed. Cl. 430, 438 (2021)). In Lodge Construction, the Court of
Federal Claims applied a three element tolling test that provides that tolling is appropriate
when one of three circumstances exists: “(1) a defective pleading was filed during the
statutory period; (2) [the claimant] was induced or tricked by [the other party’s]
misconduct into allowing the filing deadline to pass; or (3) [the claimant’s] injury was
inherently unknowable.” Id. (quoting Crawley v. United States, 145 Fed. Cl. 446, 452
(2019)). Decisions of the Court of Federal Claims are not binding on the Board, and we
hold that a defective filing does not provide a basis for equitable tolling. In Lodge
Construction, the court cites Crawley for the standard for equitable tolling. However,
Crawley was a suit pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and not a CDA
case. The Court of Federal Claims’ test for tolling in FLSA cases originated in the
Supreme Court’s holding in Irwin v. Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 498 U.S. 89, 90 (1990).
However, in Menominee Indian Tribe v. United States, 577 U.S. 250, 256, the Supreme
Court expressly adopted the two element test, originating in Holland v. Florida, 560 U.S.
631 (2010) in the context of a suit applying the CDA. In addition, we note the FLSA is
an entirely different statutory scheme with a shorter statute of limitation and jurisdiction
in Federal District Courts as well as the Court of Federal Claims. Federal courts have the
ability to transfer incorrectly filed cases to courts of proper jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C.
§ 1631. There is no statutory corollary in the CDA, which requires a contractor to submit
a claim to a contracting officer.

                                             10
       IV.    The Fact That Discovery Is Not Complete, Without More, Is Not A Valid
              Basis To Suspend Entry Of Summary Judgment

       Globe’s final argument is that the Board should deny the government’s motion as
premature, and allow the parties additional time to develop the record (app. resp. at 14).
We recently addressed the legal standard pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(d) for a
non-moving party seeking to oppose summary judgment because it requires additional
discovery. Odyssey Int’l, Inc., ASBCA Nos. 62062, 62279, 21-1 BCA ¶ 37,902
at 184,070. The non-moving party cannot simply assert that discovery is incomplete, but
must establish by affidavit or declaration the reason or reasons why it is unable to file an
affidavit presenting the facts necessary to oppose the motion. Id. In addition, the motion
must identify the facts not available, the steps the party has taken to obtain these facts,
and must show how additional time will allow the party to rebut the pending motion (id).

       Even ignoring Globe’s failure to support its request with a declaration, at best
Globe argues that it needs further discovery regarding the parties’ settlement negotiations
(app. resp. at 14). As detailed above, the settlement negotiations are not relevant to
determining when Globe’s constructive change claim accrued, and are not relevant to
Globe’s equitable tolling argument. Accordingly, we find no basis to delay entry of
summary judgment in favor of the government.

                                      CONCLUSION

       For the reasons stated above, Globe’s appeal, ASBCA No. 62594 is denied.

       Dated: November 16, 2021

                                                   DAVID D’ALESSANDRIS
                                                   Administrative Judge
                                                   Armed Services Board
                                                   of Contract Appeals

(Signatures continued)

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 I concur                                           I concur

 RICHARD SHACKLEFORD                                OWEN C. WILSON
 Administrative Judge                               Administrative Judge
 Acting Chairman                                    Vice Chairman
 Armed Services Board                               Armed Services Board
 of Contract Appeals                                of Contract Appeals

       I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the Opinion and Decision of the
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals in ASBCA No. 62594, Appeal of Globe
Trailer Manufacturing, Inc., rendered in conformance with the Board’s Charter.

       Dated: November 16, 2021

                                                 PAULLA K. GATES-LEWIS
                                                 Recorder, Armed Services
                                                 Board of Contract Appeals

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