Court Opinion

ID: 158278
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-08-14 05:19:31+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:52:26.006371
License: Public Domain

F I L E D
                                                                 United States Court of Appeals
                                                                         Tenth Circuit
                UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                           JUL 27 1999

                                 TENTH CIRCUIT                      PATRICK FISHER
                                                                             Clerk

 FABIAN MORGAN,

          Petitioner-Appellee,

 v.                                                    No. 98-2108
                                                (D.C. No. CIV-96-1368-SC)
 RONALD LYTLE, Warden;                                (New Mexico)
 ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE
 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,

          Respondents-Appellants.

                         ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before SEYMOUR, Chief Judge, ANDERSON and HENRY, Circuit Judges.

      After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The cause is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

      *
       This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
      The state appeals the district court’s grant of Fabian Morgan’s petition for

writ of habeas corpus. The court ordered Mr. Morgan’s release from custody

after finding a double jeopardy violation because Mr. Morgan was tried and

convicted for a criminal transaction on which the state previously had levied and

collected a criminal tax penalty. The state contends there was no proof the tax

was ever collected. For the reasons given below, we affirm.

      The first state action in this double jeopardy case began in March 1993

when the New Mexico Taxation and Revenue Department assessed against Mr.

Morgan a controlled substance tax of $207.50 for the sale of one gram of cocaine.

In July 1993, Mr. Morgan was tried and convicted in New Mexico state court for

trafficking cocaine based on the same transaction for which he had been taxed.

He was sentenced to thirteen years of incarceration.

      Mr. Morgan filed this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 seeking his

release on double jeopardy grounds. With his pro se motion for summary

judgment, Mr. Morgan filed an affidavit asserting that the state collected the

controlled substance tax from him by seizing his state tax refund in April 1993.

Rec., vol. I, doc. 17. He also submitted to the district court a statement of

undisputed facts which included the fact that the tax had been collected from his

state tax refund. Id. at doc. 19. The state never contested this asserted fact.

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      In the Proposed Findings and Recommended Disposition, the magistrate

judge noted that “Petitioner asserts that his conviction constitutes double jeopardy

because it followed the imposition and collection of a punitive tax assessment.”

Rec., vol. I, doc. 30, at 2. The magistrate judge thereafter concluded in paragraph

16:

      In this case, [Mr. Morgan] was subjected to a monetary penalty under the
      Controlled Substance Tax before he was tried and convicted on the charges
      which form the basis of his present confinement. Petitioner was twice
      placed in jeopardy by his criminal trial. Therefore, his petition for writ of
      habeas corpus must be granted on the second ground for relief presented.

Id. at 9 (emphasis added).

      In the state’s objections to the magistrate judge’s proposed findings, the

state did not object to the fact that the tax had been collected. Indeed, the state’s

objection to paragraph 16 was silent as to the issue of tax payment, stating:

“Respondent disagrees with the finding that, ‘Petitioner was twice placed in

jeopardy by his criminal trial. Therefore, his petition for writ of habeas corpus

must be granted on the second ground for relief presented.’” Rec., vol. I, doc. 32,

at 2. Adopting the magistrate judge’s findings and recommendation after a de

novo review of the record, the district court granted the writ of habeas corpus and

ordered Mr. Morgan’s release.

      Subsequent to the district court’s order, the state filed a motion to

reconsider and submitted an accompanying brief in which it again failed to

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mention the issue of tax payment. The issue was not raised until the district court

held a hearing on the motion to reconsider, at which point the court held the

argument waived. See Rec., vol. II, at 14.

      On appeal, the state admits that “[i]f the actual tax was paid, [we] concede

a double jeopardy violation occurred and the writ was properly granted.” Aplt. Br.

at 10. However, the state asserts the record below fails to support the contention

that in fact Mr. Morgan paid the tax. The state argues that no definitive evidence

was offered by Mr. Morgan showing the tax was paid, and therefore the case

should be remanded for further evidentiary exploration.

      "This circuit has adopted a firm waiver rule under which a party who fails

to make timely objection to the magistrate's findings and recommendations waives

appellate review of both factual and legal questions." Talley v. Hesse, 91 F.3d

1411, 1412 (10th Cir.1996); see also Frontier Refining Inc. v. Gorman-Rupp Co.,

136 F.3d 695, 706 (10th Cir.1998). There is an exception "when the ends of

justice dictate otherwise or when the magistrate's order does not clearly apprise a

pro se litigant of the consequences of a failure to object." Talley, 91 F.3d at

1413; see also Moore v. United States, 950 F.2d 656, 659 (10th Cir.1991).

      In the instant case, the state’s objections to the magistrate judge’s findings

did not include an objection to the statement that the tax had been collected. We

agree with the district court that the state waived this argument. Moreover, even

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now the state does not contend the tax was not paid; it only speculates it might

not have been and that an evidentiary exploration might be helpful. We are not

persuaded the ends of justice would be served by indulging the state’s further

extension of these proceedings.

         After review of the entire record, we conclude that the state has failed to

establish sufficient grounds for reversal. We therefore AFFIRM the district

court.

                                          ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                          Stephanie K. Seymour
                                          Chief Judge

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