Court Opinion

ID: 2682601
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-07-11 00:01:17.679428+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:12:51.160779
License: Public Domain

Filed 7/10/14 P. v. Hart CA4/3

                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                DIVISION THREE

THE PEOPLE,

     Plaintiff and Respondent,                                         G047156

                    v.                                                 (Super. Ct. No. 05CF3395)

OTIS DANDRE HART,                                                      ORDER MODIFYING OPINION
                                                                       AND DENYING REHEARING;
     Defendant and Appellant.                                          NO CHANGE IN JUDGMENT
                   It is ordered that the opinion filed herein on June 25, 2014, be modified as
follows:
                   On page 5, the second sentence of the first full paragraph, beginning
“Therefore, it matters not whether” is deleted and the following sentence is inserted in its
place:
                   Therefore, it matters not whether, as defendant asserts, the court could not
have considered the necessary factors because Miller and Caballero were decided after
his resentencing.
              On page 7, the first sentence of the first full paragraph, beginning
“Although the sentencing hearing” is deleted and the following sentence is inserted in its
place:
              Although the sentencing hearing was held before Caballeros and Miller
were decided, the record shows the court knew the principles espoused by them.
              This modification does not change the judgment.
              Appellant’s petition for rehearing is DENIED.

                                                 RYLAARSDAM, J.

WE CONCUR:

O’LEARY, P. J.

MOORE, J.

                                             2
Filed 6/25/14 (unmodified version)

                        NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                 DIVISION THREE

THE PEOPLE,

     Plaintiff and Respondent,                                         G047156

                   v.                                                  (Super. Ct. No. 05CF3395)

OTIS DANDRE HART,                                                      OPINION

     Defendant and Appellant.

                   Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of Orange County, Thomas
M. Goethals, Judge. Judgment affirmed, as modified.
                   Marleigh A. Kopas, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for
Defendant and Appellant.
                   Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant
Attorney General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Peter Quon, Jr., and
Randall D. Einhorn, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

                                             *               *               *
              This is the third appeal arising from defendant Otis Dandre Hart’s
conviction on numerous counts for conspiracy to commit robbery, robbery, street
terrorism, and assault with a deadly weapon. In defendant’s first appeal, we affirmed his
conviction for these charges, but reversed for resentencing. (People v. Hart (Aug. 31,
2009, G039836) [nonpub. opn.] (Hart 1).) In the second appeal, we again reversed due to
sentencing errors. (People v. Hart (Oct. 11, 2011, G043668) [nonpub. opn.] (Hart 2).)
              Defendant appeals, arguing his sentence of 41 years on remand resulted
from the court’s nonapplication or misapplication of law regarding the sentencing of
juveniles and its abuse of discretion, and constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.
Additionally, he asserts Penal Code section 1170, subdivision (d)(2) (section 1170(d)(2);
all further undesignated statutory references are to this code), allowing a juvenile
offender serving a life sentence without parole (LWOP) to recall his or her sentence after
serving 15 years, should be applied to a juvenile offender like himself serving a sentence
less than LWOP. We reject these contentions.
              Defendant further raises several sentencing errors, to which the Attorney
General either agrees with or has no objection to. We concur with defendant’s claims
and order the minute order and the abstract of judgment be corrected accordingly. In all
other respects, the judgment is affirmed. Because we do not remand the matter for
resentencing, it is unnecessary to address defendant’s claims double jeopardy precludes a
greater sentence on remand and that the sentencing judge should be disqualified.

                                      DISCUSSION

1. Nonapplication or Misapplication of Law Governing the Sentencing of Juveniles
              Defendant contends the court failed to apply or misapplied law governing
the sentencing of juvenile offenders. (See Miller v. Alabama (2012) 567 U.S. __ [132
S.Ct. 2455, 2469, 183 L.Ed.2d 407, 424] (Miller), Graham v. Florida (2010) 560 U.S. 48,

                                             2
73, 79 [130 S.Ct 2011, 176 L.Ed.2d 825] (Graham), Roper v. Simmons (2005) 543 U.S.
551, 569-570 [125 S.Ct. 1183, 161 L.Ed.2d 1] (Roper), and People v. Caballero (2012)
55 Cal.4th 262, 268 (Caballero).) We disagree.

              a. Standard of Review
              Although both parties agree a trial court’s sentencing decision is generally
reviewed for abuse of discretion (People v. Sandoval (2007) 41 Cal.4th 825, 847),
defendant correctly asserts that an error of law, either in the law to be applied or the
misapplication of law to a given set of facts, requires a de novo review. “‘“The scope of
discretion always reside in the particular law being applied, i.e., in the ‘legal principles
governing the subject of [the] action . . . .’ Action that transgresses the confines of the
applicable principles of law is outside the scope of discretion and we call such action an
‘abuse’ of discretion. [Citation.] . . . [¶] The legal principles that govern the subject of
discretionary action vary greatly with context. . . . To determine if a court abused its
discretion, we must thus consider “the legal principles and policies that should have
guided the court’s actions.”’” (People v. Tran (2013) 215 Cal.App.4th 1207, 1218.)

              b. Miller, Graham, Roper, and Caballero
              Defendant relies on Miller, Graham, Roper, and Caballero. But these
cases are distinguishable because they involved juveniles sentenced to (1) the death
penalty (Roper, 543 U.S. at p. 558); (2) LWOP (Miller, 567 U.S. at p. __ [132 S.Ct. at p.
2460, 183 L.Ed.2d at p. 414]; Graham, 560 U.S. at pp. 52-53; or (3) a term of years so
long as to be the functional equivalent of LWOP (Caballero, 55 Cal.4th at p. 268).
              As a panel of this court explained, “There is a bright line between LWOP’s
and long sentences with eligibility for parole if there is some meaningful life expectancy
left when the offender becomes eligible for parole. We are aware of — and have been
cited to — no case which has used the Roper–Graham–Miller–Caballero line of

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jurisprudence to strike down as cruel and unusual any sentence against anyone under the
age of 18 where the perpetrator still has substantial life expectancy left at the time of
eligibility for parole. [¶] How much life expectancy must remain at the time of
eligibility for parole of course remains a matter for future judicial development, but we
can safely say that in the case before us there is plenty of time left for Perez to
demonstrate, as the Graham court put it, ‘some meaningful opportunity to obtain release
based on demonstrated maturity and rehabilitation.’ [Citation.] [‘A State is not required
to guarantee eventual freedom to a juvenile offender convicted of a nonhomicide crime.’]
There is no dispute that, given all the credits already served by Perez, he will be eligible
for parole when he reaches age 47. That is, by no stretch of the imagination can this case
be called a ‘functional’ or ‘de facto’ LWOP, and therefore neither Miller, Graham, nor
Caballero apply. And, of course, Roper was a death penalty case and does not apply for
that reason.” (People v. Perez (2013) 214 Cal.App.4th 49, 57-58, fn. omitted (Perez).)
              Here, prior to January 1, 2014, and without considering his credit of 2,798
days, defendant would be 51 years old when he becomes eligible for parole. (§ 2933.1.)
As that is only four years longer than in Perez, defendant still had significant life
expectancy after prison and his sentence was not the equivalent of a “‘functional’ or ‘de
facto’” LWOP as a matter of law. (Perez, 214 Cal.App.4th at p. 58.)
              Like the defendant in Perez, defendant will have ample time to obtain
release based on demonstrated maturity and rehabilitation. And he will have the
opportunity to do so even sooner now due to new legislation effective January 1, 2014,
providing for a parole hearing for juvenile offenders like defendant in the 15th year of
their incarceration. Newly enacted Senate Bill No. 260 (2013-2014 Reg. Sess.) (Bill
260), codified at section 3051, provides for a parole hearing in the 15th year of
incarceration for juvenile offenders “convicted of a controlling offense that was
committed before the person had attained 18 years of age and for which the sentence is a
determinate

                                               4
sentence . . . .” (§ 3051, subd. (b)(1) (§ 3051(b)(1)); see People v. Gonzalez (2014) 225
Cal.App.4th 1296, 1300-1301, 1309-1312 [50-years-to life not de facto LWOP given
section 3051, subd. (b)(3) (section 3051(b)(3)] (Gonzalez).)
              Defendant’s sentence was thus was not the equivalent of a “‘functional’ or
‘de facto’” LWOP as a matter of law (Perez, supra, 14 Cal.App.4th at p. 58) and the
Roper—Graham—Miller—Caballero line of cases does not assist him. Therefore, it
matters not whether, as defendant asserts, the court could not have considered the
necessary factors because Miller and Caballero were decided after his resentencing,
although we note defendant was resentenced three days before Miller was decided on
June 25, 2012. (Miller, supra, __ U.S. __ [132 S.Ct. 2455, 183 L.Ed.2d 407].)

              c. Bill 260
              Under section 3051(b)(1), defendant would be eligible for a parole hearing
at age 33, not taking into account his credit of 2,798 days (7.67 years). “That affords
[him] a substantial parole period outside prison if he demonstrates reform, even under the
earliest end-of-life projections.” (Gonzalez, supra, 225 Cal.App.4th at p. 1309 [parole
hearing at age 46 provides substantial period outside prison if reform demonstrated].)
              Thus, even assuming defendant’s sentence amounts to a de facto LWOP
without due consideration of his youth and prospects for reform, section 3051 provides
the relief he seeks, i.e., a “‘realistic opportunity to obtain release.’” As recently noted by
Gonzalez, section 3051 “provides for a parole hearing for juvenile offenders like
[defendant] in the [1]5th year of their incarceration, usually within their life expectance
by a matter of decades and therefore well within constitutional norms.” (Gonzalez,
supra, 225 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1300-1301.) Although Gonzalez involved the
interpretation of section 3051(b)(3), and its provision for a parole hearing for a defendant
sentenced to a life term of 25 years to life after 25 years of incarceration, its analysis
applies equally well to section 3051(b)(1), which defendant acknowledges applies.

                                               5
              Moreover, the record demonstrates the court did consider the differences
between juveniles and adults, although it did not specifically discuss all of the social and
psychological factors making juveniles less culpable and more reformable than adults.
The court took into account defense counsel’s argument that “the law authorizes” “more
leeway” in sentencing defendant due to his age and that the American Bar Association
(ABA) had issued new guidelines outlining “all mitigating factors [in] sentencing a
juvenile.” It noted that “[a]lthough [defendant] was 16 . . . and . . . doesn’t have a prior
record, [both of] which [are] mitigating, it is impossible to ignore what he did.”
              When defense counsel pointed out a juvenile “does not process information
the same way an adult does and the choice factor is not something that’s necessarily
there” and thus should “be held to a different standard,” the court “g[o]t that.” But it
believed the age factor affects “a younger person’s ability to perceive potential
consequences. . . . [I]t doesn’t have to do with volition. Sometimes it does, but” the
court did not think it did here because videotapes of the robberies showed defendant
apparently “having a good time.” According to the court, “a 16-year-old with
[defendant’s] background [and] support . . . from a good family” would know the
difference between right and wrong because his family would have taught him that.
Defendant “had the ability to make choices in his life . . . [but] he chose to associate with
these older more violent young men and to go along for the robbery.”
              The court found it somewhat mitigating that defendant might not have
clearly appreciated that someone could be killed. At age 16, it probably did not “occur to
him how really serious and dangerous this conduct was[]” because young people viewed
life as “more kind of a game or a lark or something. It’s just part of the gang lifestyle.”
At the same time, defendant’s recent loss of a close friend in a drive-by shooting should
have, in the court’s opinion, caused him to mature faster than someone who had not
suffered such a loss and made him “realize . . . riding around with a gun with a bunch of
gang members and committing a long series of robberies . . . is dangerous.”

                                              6
              Although the sentencing hearing was held before Caballeros, and only
three days after, Miller was decided, the record shows the court knew the principles
espoused by Graham, Miller and Caballero even if it did not explicitly refer to them.
These principles guided the court to reduce what it believed to be a mandatory sentence
of about 80 years to 41 years.
              Defendant argues no guarantee exists Bill 260 will still be “in effect by the
time [he becomes] eligible for [a] hearing.” To allay that concern, we will modify
appellant’s sentence to include a minimum parole eligibility date of 15 years so that in
the event Bill 260 is later repealed, defendant will be guaranteed a parole hearing after 15
years. As in Gonzalez, a sentence guaranteeing a defendant a parole hearing after 15
years, when defendant is about 33 years old, is constitutional. (Gonzalez, supra, 225
Cal.App.4th at pp. 1300-1301, 1309.)

              d. Abuse of Discretion
              Given our conclusion in the prior section, we reject defendant’s claim the
court “failed to exercise [its] discretion in an informed manner.” Nor has defendant
shown the court erred in not mentioning during the sentencing hearing “the mitigating
factor of voluntarily acknowledging wrongdoing at an early stage of the criminal
process.” That argument was made in defendant’s resentencing brief, which the court
indicated on the record it had read.
              We are also not persuaded the court abused its discretion in sentencing
defendant because it “failed to understand that neither [People v.] Palacios [(2001) 41
Cal.4th 720 (Palacios)] and section 12022.53 require consecutive terms for the
underlying offenses with attached gun use enhancements.” (Bold and capitalization
omitted.) In Hart 2, supra, G043668, we concluded that “‘a sentence of 42 years 4
months, or 35 years 8 months, or 20 years 8 months were all legally authorized sentences
within legal aggregate limits.’” Among other things, these proposed sentences were

                                             7
based on imposing 3-year terms on certain robbery counts and a 10-year consecutive gun
use enhancement under section 12022.53, and then running those counts concurrently.
(See People v. Bui (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1002, 1014, 1016 [Palacios does not bar
staying of sentence on a count under section 654 and attached section 12022.53
enhancement and where sentence run concurrently on a count, attached section 12022.53
enhancement must also run concurrently].)
              The court did repeatedly state it did not understand how Hart 2 arrived at
the proposed sentences. It believed Palacios, supra, 41 Cal.4th 720, and section
12022.53 required him to impose consecutive sentences for the offense and the gun use
enhancement, resulting in a sentence of “around 80 years.” But it understood Hart 2 to
indicate it could impose the mandatory consecutive sentences then run them concurrently
and agreed to do that. The 41-year sentence included the imposition of 3-year terms on
several robbery counts (counts 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 32, 33, and 34) and 10-year terms for
the attached gun use enhancements under section 12022.53, subdivisions (b) and (e)(1),
run concurrently. No abuse its discretion occurred in light of Hart 2.

2. Section 1170(d)(2)
              Senate Bill No. 9 (Bill 9) recently amended section 1170 by adding
subdivision (d)(2), which permits defendants who were under age 18 at the time they
committed the crime for which they were sentenced to LWOP who have served at least
15 years of their sentence to petition the court to recall their sentence and request
resentencing. Defendant contends this statute should apply to juvenile nonhomicide
offenders like himself who were sentenced to less than LWOP, given his rights to equal
protection and to be free from cruel and unusual punishment. We disagree.
              In interpreting Bill 9, we begin with the statutory language and give words
their usual, ordinary meaning. (People v. Gutierrez (2014) 58 Cal.4th 1354, 1369.)
Section 1170(d)(2)’s plain language indicates it applies to juvenile offenders “sentenced

                                              8
to imprisonment for” [LWOP]” (§ 1170(d)(2)(A)(i)) and nothing in the statutory
languages suggests the Legislature intended it to also apply to sentences that are not
LWOP. Because this language is clear and unambiguous, “‘“‘we presume the lawmakers
meant what they said, and the plain meaning of the language governs’””’ (People v.
Gutierrez, at p. 1369), making it unnecessary to “‘“‘resort to extrinsic sources, including
the ostensible objects to be achieved and the legislative history.’”’” (Ibid.)
              We reject defendant’s claim that interpreting Bill 9 in this manner violates
his right to equal protection. “‘“The concept of the equal protection of the laws compels
recognition of the proposition that persons similarly situated with respect to the legitimate
purpose of the law receive like treatment.”’ [Citation.] ‘The first prerequisite to a
meritorious claim under the equal protection clause is a showing that the state has
adopted a classification that affects two or more similarly situated groups in an unequal
manner.’ [Citations.] This initial inquiry is not whether persons are similarly situated for
all purposes, but ‘whether they are similarly situated for purposes of the law
challenged.’” (Cooley v. Superior Court (2002) 29 Cal.4th 228, 253.) Here, defendant is
not similarly situated to those sentenced to LWOP because he still had “meaningful life
expectancy left when [he] becomes eligible for parole” (Perez, supra, 214 Cal.App.4th at
p. 57) both before and after the enactment of section 3051, which defendant
acknowledges filled in the gap left after Bill 9.

3. Cruel and Unusual Punishment
              Defendant contends his 41-year sentence is cruel and unusual as applied to
him. We reject the Attorney General’s claim defendant forfeited the issue by failing to
assert it in the trial court. The issue was raised in defendant’s resentencing briefs.
              We review whether a punishment is cruel or unusual and thus
unconstitutional de novo, but view the underlying disputed facts in the light most
favorable to the judgment. (People v. Rhodes (2005) 126 Cal.App.4th 1374, 1390.) “The

                                              9
standard under the California Constitution . . . requires a showing that [defendant’s]
punishment is ‘so disproportionate to the crime for which it is inflicted that it shocks the
conscience and offends fundamental notions of human dignity.’ [Citation.] The showing
must demonstrate the punishment is grossly disproportionate in light of (1) the nature of
the offense and the defendant’s personal characteristics, (2) punishment for more serious
offenses, and (3) punishment for similar offenses in other jurisdictions. [Citation.] [¶]
The federal standard is virtually identical: ‘[A] court’s proportionality analysis under the
Eighth Amendment should be guided by objective criteria, including (i) the gravity of the
offense and the harshness of the penalty; (ii) the sentences imposed on other criminals in
the same jurisdiction; and (iii) the sentences imposed for commission of the same crime
in other jurisdictions.”’” (Gonzalez, supra, 225 Cal.App.4th at p. 1314.)
              As to the California standard, defendant claims that “although armed
robberies and aggravated assault are serious crimes, no death or serious bodily injury
occurred.” This minimizes the extent of his crime spree in which he and fellow gang
members robbed 10 establishments (17 victims) while armed with guns. Each time,
defendant cleared the back of the establishment and forced the victims to the front of the
building and twice personally carried a gun and threatened the victims with it, one time
hitting, kicking, and pistol-whipping the victim. (Hart 1, supra, G039836.)
              Regarding his nature, for the reasons earlier discussed, we reject his
assertion the court failed to understand “juveniles are more susceptible to peer pressure,”
that “age matters and [that] reckless behavior in a juvenile like [defendant] usually
diminishes with time.” The court “g[o]t that” a juvenile does not process information in
the same manner as an adult and did not believe defendant, at age 16, realized how
dangerous the crimes were. It also realized defendant’s vulnerability to peer pressure as a
member of a gang. Contrary to defendant’s claim, the court considered these factors,
notwithstanding its discussion of “the crimes themselves and what might have happened,”
i.e., the possibility of death or serious harm to the victims.

                                              10
              Nor are we persuaded by defendant’s contention he was in a vulnerable
state of mind when he committed the crimes because his “best friend was murdered at a
party only about a week before his crimes” and his motive in committing the crimes “was
to obtain money for his friend’s funeral expenses after a fundraiser he organized had not
raised sufficient funds.” He also cites a report discussing his family history, “his father’s
absence from his life, and that [he] had witnessed several shootings and suffered four
deaths since age eight[, including the loss of] a brother to illness a few years before the
crimes at issue.” The jury rejected defendant’s duress defense, finding him guilty of
every count and enhancement. (Hart 1, supra, G039836.) And while the cited factors, as
well as his age, may weigh in his favor, they do not outweigh the seriousness or
numerousness of his crimes and victims (10 counts of conspiracy to commit robbery, 17
counts of second degree robbery, 10 counts of street terrorism, and 1 count of assault
with a deadly weapon, with true findings he committed the conspiracy, robbery, and
aggravated assault counts for the benefit of a criminal street gang and that a principal
used a firearm in 15 of the offenses and that he personally used a gun in two of the
counts). (Hart 1, supra, G039836.)
              As to the second factor, defendant contends his sentence “is arbitrary and
grossly disproportionate because a juvenile convicted of homicide could be released
earlier” under section 1170(d)(2), which allows juvenile defendants sentenced to LWOP
and who have served at least 15 years of their sentence to petition the court to recall their
sentence and request resentencing. The claim lacks merit given the enactment of section
3051(b)(1), which deems a juvenile convicted of nonhomicide offenses “eligible for
release on parole at a youth offender parole hearing . . . during his or her 15th year of
incarceration, unless previously released pursuant to other statutory provisions.”
              Defendant asserts “section 3051 does not remedy this constitutional
violation . . . [because the] sentence must be constitutional when imposed” . . . [and t]he
special characteristics of a juvenile offender must be considered before imposing any

                                             11
sentence.” We have already concluded defendant’s sentence was constitutional when
imposed and that the court considered the necessary factors.
              With regard to the final factor, defendant notes that in Canada, children
who commit first degree murder at the same age as defendant “are eligible for parole
after no more than 10 years” while child murderers in the United Kingdom “receive a
presumptive sentence of 12 years, which may be adjusted depending upon aggravating or
mitigating factors,” with “[n]o juvenile convicted of murder . . . sentenced to more than
30 years.” That may be but defendant does not specify whether that takes into account
numerous offenses or enhancements that add to the base term for a particular crime.
              Defendant also cites authority indicating international law proscribes
LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders under age 18 and imprisoning them except as a
last resort, while requiring juvenile criminal procedures account for age and promote
rehabilitation. Defendant, however, was not sentenced to LWOP and the numerousness
and seriousness of his crimes left the court little choice but to sentence defendant to
prison. Section 3051 also both accounts for age and promotes rehabilitation by giving
juvenile offenders “a meaningful opportunity to obtain release.” (§ 3051, subd. (e).)
              For the same reasons discussed above, defendant’s sentence was not
disproportionate in light of “‘the gravity of the offense and the harshness of the penalty’”
under the first prong of the federal standard. (Gonzalez, supra, 225 Cal.App.4th at p.
1314.) He does not address the two other prongs, i.e., “‘sentences imposed on other
criminals in the same jurisdiction’” or “‘sentences imposed for commission of the same
crime in other jurisdictions’” (id. at p. 1314, italics added), comparing only his sentence
to those of child murderers in Canada and the United Kingdom.
              Accordingly, defendant has not demonstrated his sentence was not cruel
and unusual under either the California or the federal Constitution.

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4. Gang Enhancement
              Defendant argues and the Attorney General agrees, as do we, that the court
erred in imposing a 10-year gang enhancement under section 182.22, subdivision (b)(1)
with respect to count 4 because assault with a firearm (§ 245, subd. (a)(2)) is not a violent
felony described in section 667.5, subdivision (c). Section 186.22, subdivision (b)(1)
authorizes an additional consecutive term of five or 10 years “to the punishment
prescribed for the felony . . . of which he . . . has been convicted,” depending if the felony
is a serious felony defined in section 1192.7 or section 667.5, respectively. “Because
assault with a firearm is not listed as a violent felony in section 667.5, the trial court was
required to impose only the five-year gang enhancement on count[ 4] . . . . [T]the
judgment regarding . . . count[ 4] must be modified to strike the . . . 10-year gang
enhancement [citation], and to reflect that a five-year gang enhancement [citation] has
been imposed.” (People v. Sinclair (2008) 166 Cal.App.4th 848, 856.)

5. Correction of Resentencing Minute Order and Abstract of Judgment
              In Hart 2, supra, G043668, we directed the $1440 criminal conviction
assessment fee be stricken because defendant was convicted before the effective date of
Government Code section 70373. Although the court acknowledged our order during the
most recent resentencing hearing, the minute order and amended abstract of judgment
reflect otherwise. The Attorney General has no objection to defendant’s request that
these documents be corrected. Because the oral pronouncement controls where a
discrepancy exists, we order the minute order and abstract of judgment be corrected to
reflect that the criminal conviction assessment was stricken. (People v. Mitchell (2001)
26 Cal.4th 181, 185-186; People v. Zackery (2007) 147 Cal.App.4th 380, 386.)

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6. Reduction of Security Fee
              At the resentencing hearing, except for the criminal assessment fee, the
court reimposed “the same fees and assessments order,” including a security fee
(§ 1465.8) in the amount of $1,440, calculated at the rate of $30 for each of the 38 counts
of defendant was convicted. The Attorney General agrees with defendant this was
incorrect and that $20 per count should have been used to calculate the fee because that
was the rate in effect at the time of defendant’s convictions. We concur given that
defendant was convicted in 2007, at which time the statute called for a $20 fee per count
and the amendment increasing the fee to $30 did not become operative until July 2009.
(Stats. 2009-2010, 4th Ex. Sess., ch. 22, § 29; People v. Alford (2007) 42 Cal.4th 749,
754 [“fee [applies] to all convictions after its operative date]”.) The court security fee is
ordered reduced from $1,140 to $760.

7. Clerical Errors
              Defendant contends the amended abstract of judgment incorrectly: (1) lists
count 30 as a violation of section 186.22, subdivision (a) but labels it “Robbery; second
degree” rather than “street terrorism”; (2) reflects the sentence for robbery counts 21 and
34 as “consecutive 1/3 violent,” and robbery counts 22, 25, 26, 29, 32, 33, and 37 as both
“concurrent” and “consecutive 1/3 violent” when all were imposed concurrently; and (3)
counts 32, 33, and 35 contain an X in the box under “Term (L, M, U)” instead of an “M”
to show the court imposed the middle terms. The Attorney General does not object to the
correction of these clerical errors. Because the abstract does not reflect the court’s oral
pronouncement of judgment, we order it be corrected. (People v. Mitchell, supra, 26
Cal.4th at pp. 185-186; People v. Zackery, supra, 147 Cal.App.4th at p. 386.)

                                              14
                                      DISPOSITION

              Defendant’s sentence is modified to reflect the following:
              (1) He shall be entitled to a parole hearing after serving 15 years in prison;
              (2) On count 4, the 10-year gang enhancement (§ 186.22, subd. (b)(1)(C))
is stricken and a 5-year gang enhancement (§ 186.22, subd. (b)(1)(B)) imposed;
              (3) The reference to the $1,440.00 criminal conviction assessment fee is
stricken (Gov. Code, § 70373);
              (4) The court security fee (§ 1465.8) is reduced from $1,140 to $760; and
              (5) The amended abstract of judgment is corrected to (a) label count 30 as
“street terrorism” rather than “Robbery; second degree,” (b) show only concurrent terms
for counts 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 32, 33, 34, and 37; and (c) replace the “X” in the box under
“Term (L, M, U) with a “M.”
              The judgment is affirmed in all other respects. The trial court is directed to
prepare an amended abstract of judgment reflecting these rulings and to forward a copy
of the amended abstract of judgment to California Department of Corrections and
Rehabilitation.

                                                  RYLAARSDAM, J.

WE CONCUR:

O’LEARY, P. J.

MOORE, J.

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