Court Opinion

ID: 3187880
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-03-22 23:20:49.622208+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:35:57.809988
License: Public Domain

J-S12033-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,               :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                            :          PENNSYLVANIA
                  Appellant,                :
                                            :
                    v.                      :
                                            :
JASON A. DAY,                               :
                                            :
                  Appellee                  :    No. 2198 EDA 2015

           Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence June 18, 2015,
              in the Court of Common Pleas of Wayne County,
            Criminal Division, at No(s): CP-64-CR-0000318-2014

BEFORE: MUNDY, OLSON, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.:                     FILED MARCH 22, 2016

      Jason A. Day (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed on June 18, 2015, following his convictions for driving under the

influence of alcohol (DUI), homicide by vehicle while DUI, accident resulting

in death, driving on roadways laned for traffic, careless driving, duty to give

information and render aid, and immediate notice of accident to police

department - injury or death.1 We affirm.

      The certified record reveals the following facts.    Between 8:30 and

8:40 on the evening of May 16, 2014, Pennsylvania State Trooper Keith

Brislin was dispatched to State Route 191 and Winterdale Road to

* Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
 Appellant was also charged with one count of homicide by vehicle, which
was nolle prossed by the Commonwealth prior to trial.
J-S12033-16

investigate a hit and run accident involving a pedestrian.        The victim,

Zachary Possemato, died of his injuries.

      The surveillance system of a nearby bar recorded the incident.      This

video was reviewed by police and a “be on the lookout” report (BOLO) was

issued for a white pickup truck.    As a result of the BOLO, Appellant was

identified as a potential suspect. On the morning of May 17, 2014, Appellant

turned himself in to the Honesdale State Police barracks.

      Appellant gave a statement to officers that, between the hours of 6:00

pm and 8:00 pm on the night of the accident, he had consumed four 16-

ounce cans of Busch Light beer. While driving home, he was looking to the

side to see if a friend was home when he struck what he thought was a deer.

Appellant continued driving but turned himself in to state police the following

day once he learned that a pedestrian had been hit and killed. A blood test

taken on May 17, 2014, approximately 16 hours after the incident, revealed

that Appellant had a blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.0%.

      On July 30, 2014, at the preliminary hearing in this matter, the

Commonwealth presented the testimony of Trooper Brislin, as well as that of

three men who had been with Appellant prior to the incident, a young boy

who had been walking with the victim, Appellant’s step-father, and Corporal

Michael Joyce.     The Commonwealth submitted as evidence the video

obtained from the bar, as well as information obtained from the event data

recorder in Appellant’s vehicle and a forensic accident report completed by

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Corporal Joyce. After the preliminary hearing, all charges were bound over

for court.

      On February 3, 2015, Appellant, through counsel, filed an omnibus

pre-trial motion, which included, inter alia, a motion for habeas corpus relief

in which he alleged that the Commonwealth had failed to sustain its burden

at the preliminary hearing of proving a prima facie case with respect to the

charges of DUI and homicide by vehicle while DUI.           Further, Appellant

sought the suppression of the evidence obtained from his cellular phone.2

On April 1, 2015, following a hearing,3 the trial court denied Appellant’s

motion for habeas corpus, his motion to suppress, his motion to sever, and

his motion for individual voir dire, and reserved until trial Appellant’s motion

to exclude the testimony of the Commonwealth’s expert witness.

      On May 13, 2015, following a jury trial, Appellant was convicted of the

aforementioned charges.      On June 18, 2015, he was sentenced to an

aggregate term of five to 14 years’ incarceration.       This appeal followed.

Both Appellant and the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

      Appellant presents the following issues for our review.

      Whether the trial court erred in refusing to suppress the
      evidence relating to [] Appellant’s cell phone records which

2
  Appellant’s motion also included arguments challenging the methodology
utilized by the Commonwealth to calculate his BAC, a motion to sever
counts, and a motion for individual voir dire. Appellant has not challenged
the trial court’s rulings as to those issues on appeal.
3
  The record before us does not make clear on what date the omnibus pre-
trial motion hearing was held.
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      evidence was obtained by a search warrant that was a general
      investigating warrant[], over broad and violative of the speech
      clause of the state and federal constitutions?

      Whether the trial court erred in refusing to dismiss the charges
      of [DUI] and homicide by vehicle while [DUI] when the
      Commonwealth failed to show a prima facie case based on the
      testimony of the Commonwealth’s expert witness, and the lack
      of evidence regarding [] Appellant’s demeanor?

Appellant’s Brief at 6.

      Both of Appellant’s challenges on appeal relate to the trial court’s

rulings on his omnibus pre-trial motions.     Appellant first argues that the

search warrant authorized herein was general, overbroad, and failed to state

with particularity facts and circumstances which would “establish the

probability that any contraband or evidence of a crime would be found within

Appellant’s text messages.” Appellant’s Brief at 15.   In reviewing the trial

court’s suppression ruling with regard to the search warrant issued in this

matter, we are guided by the following principles.

      The standard and scope of review for a challenge to the denial of
      a suppression motion is whether the factual findings are
      supported by the record and whether the legal conclusions
      drawn from those facts are correct. When reviewing the rulings
      of a suppression court, [the appellate court] considers only the
      evidence of the prosecution and so much of the evidence for the
      defense as remains uncontradicted when read in the context of
      the record as a whole. When the record supports the findings of
      the suppression court, [the court is] bound by those facts and
      may reverse only if the legal conclusions drawn therefrom are in
      error.

Commonwealth v. Johnson, 33 A.3d 122, 125-26 (Pa. Super. 2011)

(internal quotation marks, citations, and footnote omitted).

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     Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 201 provides that “[a] search

warrant may be issued to search for and to seize […] property that

constitutes evidence of the commission of a criminal offense.” However,

     Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution provides, in
     pertinent part: [N]o warrant to search any place or to seize any
     person or things shall issue without describing them as nearly as
     may be, nor without probable cause.... [Moreover, u]nder the
     Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, no
     Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause ... and particularly
     describing the place to be searched and the person or things to
     be seized.]

     This Court has explained:

           It is a fundamental rule of law that a warrant must
           name or describe with particularity the property to
           be seized and the person or place to be searched....
           The particularity requirement prohibits a warrant
           that is not particular enough and a warrant that is
           overbroad. These are two separate, though related,
           issues. A warrant unconstitutional for its lack of
           particularity authorizes a search in terms so
           ambiguous as to allow the executing officers to pick
           and choose among an individual’s possessions to find
           which items to seize. This will result in the general
           “rummaging” banned by the [F]ourth [A]mendment.
           A warrant unconstitutional for its overbreadth
           authorizes in clear or specific terms the seizure of an
           entire set of items, or documents, many of which will
           prove unrelated to the crime under investigation ...
           An overbroad warrant is unconstitutional because it
           authorizes a general search and seizure.

                                   ***

           The language of the Pennsylvania Constitution
           requires that a warrant describe the items to be
           seized as nearly as may be.... The clear meaning of
           the language is that a warrant must describe the
           items as specifically as is reasonably possible. This
           requirement is more stringent than that of the

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           Fourth     Amendment,      which    merely    requires
           particularity in the description. The Pennsylvania
           Constitution further requires the description to be as
           particular as is reasonably possible.... Consequently,
           in any assessment of the validity of the description
           contained in a warrant, a court must initially
           determine for what items probable cause existed.
           The sufficiency of the description must then be
           measured against those items for which there was
           probable cause. Any unreasonable discrepancy
           between the items for which there was probable
           cause and the description in the warrant requires
           suppression. An unreasonable discrepancy reveals
           that the description was not as specific as was
           reasonably possible.

     Because the particularity requirement in Article I, Section 8 is
     more stringent than in the Fourth Amendment, if the warrant is
     satisfactory under the Pennsylvania Constitution it will also be
     satisfactory under the federal Constitution.

     Furthermore, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has instructed
     that search warrants should be read in a common sense fashion
     and should not be invalidated by hypertechnical interpretations.
     This may mean, for instance, that when an exact description of a
     particular item is not possible, a generic description will suffice.

Commonwealth v. Orie, 88 A.3d 983, 1002-03 (Pa. Super. 2014) (internal

quotation marks, citations and footnote omitted).

     The record belies Appellant’s contentions. As the trial court explained,

           In the present case, Trooper Brislin requested information
     from an AT&T Wireless cellular telephone, including but not
     limited to name, subscriber information, address, phone number,
     text messages and incoming and outgoing historical call detail
     including GPS or tower information for May 16, 2014 (the day of
     the incident) through May 17, 2014 (the day [Appellant] spoke
     with police). [Appellant] told police that he was in possession of
     the cellular phone at the time of the crash. Based on this
     information, Trooper Brislin stated that the information may
     assist the investigation in determining whether [Appellant’s] cell
     phone was in use at the time of the incident, and it may also

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      assist the    investigation   in    determining        [Appellant’s]
      communications and locations following the crash.

      Viewing the evidence offered to establish probable cause in a
      common-sense manner, it appears, based on [Appellant’s]
      possession of the cellular phone at the time of the crash, that
      the information from the cellular phone […] would aid as an
      investigative tool. The evidence seized from the cellular phone,
      therefore, shall not be suppressed.

Trial Court Opinion, 4/1/2015, at 5.

      The trial court’s findings are supported by the record.         Appellant

admitted that he had his cellular phone with him the night of the incident,

but denied using it at the time he struck the victim.        Cognizant of this

admission, the warrant at issue states with particularity the item to be

searched, specifically the text messages and incoming and outgoing call data

unique to Appellant’s cellular phone.     Moreover, far from being overbroad,

the warrant was specifically limited to a request for records during a 24-hour

period before and after the incident. Contrary to Appellant’s argument, the

terms included in the warrant are not so ambiguous as to result in a fishing

expedition, nor does the warrant authorize a general search and seizure.

Rather, the warrant is limited to seize evidence necessary to determine the

validity of Appellant’s claim that he was not using his phone at the time of

the incident, and to track his communications and location following the hit-

and-run crash. Accordingly, we discern no error or abuse of discretion by

the trial court in denying Appellant relief on this claim.

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     Appellant next claims that the trial court erred in denying his motion

for habeas corpus relief. Appellant’s Brief at 18-31. We note at the outset

that, procedurally, Appellant’s challenge on appeal to the Commonwealth’s

establishment of a prima facie case at the habeas corpus hearing is moot. It

is well-established that an accused may challenge the sufficiency of the

Commonwealth’s evidence at the pre-trial stage through a petition for a writ

of habeas corpus. Commonwealth v. Hetherington, 331 A.2d 205 (Pa.

1975). “An order granting a defendant pretrial habeas relief is immediately

appealable by the Commonwealth since it terminates the prosecution.

However, an order denying a pretrial petition for writ of habeas corpus is not

immediately appealable as of right.” Commonwealth v. McMullen, 721

A.2d 370, 372 n.2 (Pa. Super. 1998) (citations omitted). Rather,

     appellant must, at least, immediately petition this [C]ourt for
     review of the denial of his petition for writ of habeas corpus,
     based on the insufficiency of evidence presented at the
     preliminary hearing. Even then, it is doubtful that this [C]ourt
     will grant review. Appellant may have to further petition the
     [S]upreme [C]ourt for review.

Commonwealth v. Taylor, 596 A.2d 222, 225 (Pa. Super. 1991).

Furthermore, as is the case with regard to a preliminary hearing, it is

apparent the failure to establish a prima facie case at a habeas corpus

hearing is immaterial when at the trial the Commonwealth satisfies its

burden by proving the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth

v. Ricker, 120 A.3d 349, 353 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation omitted) (holding

that “errors at a preliminary hearing regarding the sufficiency of the

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evidence are considered harmless if the defendant is found guilty at trial”);

see also Commonwealth v. Troop, 571 A.2d 1084 (Pa. Super. 1990)

(noting that once a defendant has been convicted at trial, any defect in the

preliminary hearing has been satisfied). Here, Appellant failed to petition this

Court for review of the denial of his writ of habeas corpus. Instead, he

proceeded to trial where the Commonwealth presented additional evidence

and the jury determined that the evidence was sufficient to convict him of all

charges. Therefore, any defect at the time of the habeas corpus hearing was

cured at trial.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

JosephD.Seletyn,Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/22/2016

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