Court Opinion

ID: 9396432
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-22 16:08:19.520989+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:19:16.946455
License: Public Domain

J-S09029-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA            :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                         :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                         :
              v.                         :
                                         :
                                         :
 ROD L. JONES, JR.                       :
                                         :
                   Appellant             :   No. 719 WDA 2022

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 1, 2022
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                      No(s): CP-02-CR-0008782-2015

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., and SULLIVAN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                             FILED: MAY 22, 2023

      Rod L. Jones, Jr., appeals from the judgment of sentence of twenty-one

to forty-six years of incarceration, followed by seven years of probation,

imposed following his jury convictions for rape, involuntary deviate sexual

intercourse (“IDSI”) of a person less than sixteen years of age, unlawful

contact with a minor, aggravated indecent assault, sexual assault, statutory

sexual assault, endangering the welfare of children (“EWOC”), corruption of a

minor, and indecent assault of a person less than sixteen years of age. We

affirm.

      We glean the following from the certified record. Over the course of

four years, Appellant committed multiple, repeated acts of sexual abuse

against his stepdaughter, beginning when she was thirteen years old. “The

abuse included vaginal penetration, digital penetration, and oral sex which

Appellant performed both on [the victim] and forced [the victim] to perform
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on him.” Trial Court Opinion, 10/13/22, at 2-3 (footnote omitted). Following

a jury trial, Appellant was convicted of the above-mentioned crimes.1 The

trial court sentenced Appellant as follows:

       -   Rape: six years and six months to thirteen years of
           incarceration, followed by seven years of probation;

       -   IDSI:    six years and six months to thirteen years of
           incarceration, to be served consecutive to the period of
           incarceration imposed for the rape conviction;

       -   Unlawful contact with a minor:        three to six years of
           incarceration to be served consecutive to the period of
           incarceration imposed for the IDSI conviction;

       -   Aggravated indecent assault:      three to ten years of
           incarceration to be served consecutive to the period of
           incarceration imposed for the unlawful contact with a minor
           conviction;

       -   EWOC: one to two years of incarceration to be served
           consecutive to the period of incarceration imposed for the
           aggravated indecent assault conviction; and

       -   Corruption of minors: one to two years of incarceration to be
           served consecutive to the period of incarceration imposed for
           the EWOC conviction.

____________________________________________

1 This was Appellant’s second jury trial for the same offenses. He was first
convicted in 2016. On appeal, this Court held, inter alia, that a detective’s
testimony regarding the inability of sexual abuse victims to recall specific
dates was properly admitted lay-opinion testimony because it “was rationally
based on [the detective’s] experience, was helpful to the trier of fact, and was
not based on scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge.”
Commonwealth v. Jones, 194 A.3d 717 (Pa.Super. 2018) (unpublished
memorandum at 8). Our Supreme Court disagreed, holding that such
testimony “falls within the realm of expert testimony.” Commonwealth v.
Jones, 240 A.3d 881, 891 (Pa. 2020). Concluding that the improper
admission was not harmless error, the High Court remanded for a new trial.

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See Order of Sentence, 3/1/22. Appellant filed a post-sentence motion, which

the trial court denied.

      This timely appeal followed. Both Appellant and the trial court complied

with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. Appellant presents a single issue for our review:

      Was the aggregate sentence of twenty-one to forty-six years of
      incarceration, followed by seven years of probation, manifestly
      excessive, unreasonable, contrary to the dictates of the
      Sentencing Code and an abuse of the sentencing court’s
      discretion? Specifically, did the sentencing court fail to consider
      the rehabilitative needs of [Appellant] and improperly focus upon
      the seriousness of the offense, while ensuring that [Appellant]
      would remain under court supervision for the remainder of his life?
      Should [Appellant’s] case be remanded for a new sentencing
      hearing?

Appellant’s brief at 7 (cleaned up).

      Appellant’s issue implicates the discretionary aspects of his sentence.

Such an appeal is not a matter of right, but instead, an appellant must first

invoke our jurisdiction using a four-part test, whereby this Court considers:

      (1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal; (2)
      whether the issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a
      motion to reconsider and modify sentence; (3) whether
      appellant's brief has a fatal defect; and (4) whether there is a
      substantial question that the sentence appealed from is not
      appropriate under the Sentencing Code.

Commonwealth v. Samuel, 102 A.3d 1001, 1006-07 (Pa.Super. 2014).

      Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal and post-sentence motion. He

included a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement in his brief, arguing that the

sentencing court focused solely on the seriousness of the crimes in imposing

the sentence, and the sentence imposed is “so manifestly excessive as to

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constitute too severe a punishment under the circumstances of the case.”

Appellant’s brief at 17-20. We conclude that Appellant has raised a substantial

question and we may proceed to the merits of his discretionary-aspects-of-

sentencing claim. See Commonwealth v. Derrickson, 242 A.3d 667, 680

(Pa.Super. 2020) ([A]n averment that the court sentenced based solely on

the seriousness of the offense and failed to consider all relevant factors raises

a substantial question” (cleaned up)).

      This Court will not disturb a sentence “on appeal absent a manifest

abuse of discretion.” Id. (cleaned up). We have clarified that “an abuse of

discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment.” Id. (cleaned up).

Instead, a defendant “must establish, by reference to the record, that the

sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for

reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly

unreasonable decision.” Id. (cleaned up). In addition, “this Court’s review of

the discretionary aspects of a sentence is governed by 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(c)

and (d).” Id. (cleaned up). These subsections provide in pertinent part as

follows:

      (c) Determination on appeal.--The appellate court shall vacate
      the sentence and remand the case to the sentencing court with
      instructions if it finds:

            (1) the sentencing court purported to sentence within the
            sentencing   guidelines   but   applied  the   guidelines
            erroneously;

            (2) the sentencing court sentenced within the sentencing
            guidelines but the case involves circumstances where the

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            application of the guidelines would be clearly unreasonable;
            or

            (3) the sentencing court sentenced outside the sentencing
            guidelines and the sentence is unreasonable.

      In all other cases the appellate court shall affirm the sentence
      imposed by the sentencing court.

      (d) Review of record.--In reviewing the record the appellate
      court shall have regard for:

            (1) The nature and circumstances of the offense and the
            history and characteristics of the defendant.

            (2) The opportunity of the sentencing court to observe the
            defendant, including any presentence investigation.

            (3) The findings upon which the sentence was based.

            (4) The guidelines promulgated by the commission.

42 Pa.C.S. § 9781.

      Here, Appellant contends that his sentence is unreasonable and

excessive because the court focused solely on the seriousness of the crime

and the impact on the victim, while failing to consider Appellant’s rehabilitative

needs and other mitigating factors.       See Appellant’s brief at 33.      While

Appellant acknowledges “the serious impact his crimes had on the victim in

this case,” he nonetheless argues that “the reasons listed by the trial court

show an excessive emphasis on retribution which is disfavored under

Commonwealth v Coulverson, 34 A.3d 135 (Pa.Super. 2011).”                     Id.

(citation altered).

      In Coulverson, this Court found the aggregate sentence of eighteen to

ninety years of incarceration, imposed for sexual offenses, robbery, and other

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offenses spanning three days, to be unreasonable. Of relevance, we noted

the sentencing court’s “scant” explanation and discussion which evinced the

“court’s determination that the defendant should spend as much of his life in

prison as the court could order, notwithstanding the tragedy and dysfunction

underlying Coulverson’s own life” and his rehabilitative needs. Coulverson,

supra, at 148, 150.

      In the instant case, the trial court noted at the outset of the sentencing

hearing that it had the benefit of a pre-sentence investigation (“PSI”) report

from 2016, when Appellant was initially convicted and sentenced, as well as

an updated PSI report that had been prepared in anticipation of the new

sentencing hearing.    See N.T. Sentencing, 3/1/22, at 3.        In addition to

considering these PSI reports, the court also considered the sentencing

guidelines, the statements of counsel, and the victim impact statements. Id.

at 42. Appellant chose not to speak to the court on his own behalf.

      Prior to imposing sentence, the court explained its reasonings for

rejecting defense counsel’s request for a standard-range sentence as follows:

      I cannot agree with the assertion that in a case of this nature that
      a standard range sentence on one of the most serious offenses in
      any way vindicates the seriousness of what transpired, even
      accounting for [Appellant’s] rehabilitative needs.

             This wasn’t one incident. Not only did this occur over the
      course of four years -- and bear in mind, I think one of the most
      difficult and troubling aspects of this is she had nowhere to go.
      That was her house. She had to come back every day not knowing
      if that was a day she was going to be subjected to abuse, and that
      went on from the time she was 13 until the time she was 17.

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            There was testimony that occurred at trial that Mr. Jones
      indicated that she needed to keep quiet, that she shouldn't say
      anything about what was transpiring, and during that period of
      time this escalated from what the Court could characterize as
      indecent assaultive behavior to -- I'm not going to recount each
      and every act here but to what constituted the [IDSI] of oral sex
      to sexual intercourse that she had to endure, not knowing who to
      turn to or what to do.

           That kind of systemic and escalating abuse simply is not
      addressed by imposing a standard range sentence on one count.

             Now, the Court has to attempt to balance all of these
      factors. It is true he has a prior record score of zero, and that is
      reflected in the guidelines. The seriousness of each offense is
      reflected in the offense gravity score.

             The Court is considering all of that, but I do believe that
      there is ample evidence in this case of aggravation. I’ve spoken
      to that multiple times here I think already today, but that is to
      include the number of times that this occurred, the nature of and
      position of trust and authority that he held over her.

Id. at 45-47.

      The court further noted that the counts of rape and aggravated indecent

assault did not account “for the fact that she was a child when this occurred.”

Id. at 47. The court declined to give Appellant a “volume discount” given his

“pattern of abuse[,]” observing that the rape and IDSI convictions “were so

different, so repeated, so systemic in nature and occurred over such a long

period of time that aggravated range sentences that are run consecutively are

warranted at those two counts.” Id. at 48-50. Finally, it indicated its belief

that the sentence imposed “reflect[ed] the distinctly different acts that were

perpetrated upon this victim over a repeated course of time, the damage that

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it has done, the impact it has had on her, and this takes into account his

rehabilitative needs.” Id. at 55.

      Upon review of the certified record, we find the instant case to be

entirely   distinguishable   from   the   unreasonable   sentence   imposed   in

Coulverson.      First, the trial court in the case sub judice offered ample

explanation for its sentence. Second, the maximum aggregate sentences, the

length of the conduct, and the rehabilitative needs of Coulverson and

Appellant were wholly disparate. Appellant sexually assaulted the victim, his

stepdaughter, not for one night but for four years, and his aggregate

maximum sentence for that course of conduct was roughly half the maximum

sentence imposed in Coulverson.

      Moreover, the certified record establishes that the trial court considered

all relevant factors and balanced them appropriately in determining that the

imposed-upon sentence was warranted. See Commonwealth v. Macias,

968 A.2d 773, 778 (Pa.Super. 2009) (reiterating our Supreme Court’s holding

that “[w]here pre-sentence reports exist, we shall continue to presume that

the sentencing judge was aware of relevant information regarding the

defendant’s character and weighed those considerations along with mitigating

statutory factors” (cleaned up)). Appellant’s disagreement with how the trial

court weighed those factors does not entitle him to relief. See id. (“We cannot

re-weigh the sentencing factors and impose our judgment in the place of the

sentencing court.”). As we discern no abuse of discretion on the trial court’s

part, we affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence.

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     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/22/2023

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