Court Opinion

ID: 3035979
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:53:30.974683+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:48:39.857858
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                              APR 01 2010

                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DOMINGO ROGELIO ALFARO                           No. 07-70435
TINOCO,
                                                 Agency No. A030-404-449
             Petitioner,

  v.                                             MEMORANDUM *

ERIC H. HOLDER Jr., Attorney General,

             Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                            Submitted March 12, 2010 **
                             San Francisco, California

Before: B. FLETCHER, CLIFTON and BEA, Circuit Judges.

       Domingo Rogelio Alfaro Tinoco, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions

for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) dismissal of his appeal

of an Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) decision finding Petitioner was inadmissible

because he had been convicted of two aggravated felonies: (1) his September 20,

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
        **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
1999 conviction for unauthorized possession of a controlled substance, in violation

of California Health & Safety Code § 11377; and (2) his February 24, 1984

conviction for assault with a deadly weapon, in violation of California Penal Code

§ 245(a)(2). The IJ also found that because of his two aggravated felonies,

Petitioner could not qualify for cancellation of removal. 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(a)(3).

      Petitioner’s conviction under California Health & Safety Code § 11377 does

not qualify as an aggravated felony under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(II)

(controlled substance offense) because California classifies certain drugs as

controlled substances that the federal government does not. Thus, California

Health & Safety Code § 11377 is broader than the generic federal definition. Ruiz-

Vidal v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 1072, 1078 & n.6 (9th Cir. 2007). There are no

documents of conviction in the record that tell us what was the controlled

substance in Petitioner’s case; thus, we cannot conduct a modified categorical

analysis. Therefore, this conviction cannot support the BIA’s order.

      Nevertheless, Petitioner’s conviction under California Penal Code

§ 245(a)(2) does qualify as an aggravated felony under immigration law. 8 U.S.C.

§ 1101(a)(43)(F) defines an aggravated felony as “a crime of violence (as defined

in section 16 of Title 18, but not including a purely political offense) for which the

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term of imprisonment [is] at least one year.” Section 16 in turn defines a crime of

violence as

      (a) an offense that has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened
      use of physical force against the person or property of another, or (b) any
      other offense that is a felony and that, by its nature, involves a substantial
      risk that physical force against the person or property of another may be
      used in the course of committing the offense.

18 U.S.C. § 16; see also 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii).

      Assault with a deadly weapon in violation of California Penal Code § 245(a)

is categorically a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 16. United States v. Heron-

Salinas, 566 F.3d 898, 899 (9th Cir. 2009).

      The abstract of judgment proves that Petitioner was sentenced to 185 days in

the county jail suspended,1 with 180 days in the county jail of actual imprisonment,

      1
        It makes no difference that a portion of Petitioner’s sentence was
suspended. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(48)(B) provides that “[a]ny reference to a term of
imprisonment or a sentence with respect to an offense is deemed to include the
period of incarceration or confinement ordered by a court of law regardless of any
suspension of the imposition or execution of that imprisonment or sentence in
whole or in part.” Even an “expunged conviction qualifies as a conviction under
the [Immigration and Nationality Act].” Ramirez-Castro v. INS, 287 F.3d 1172,
1174 (9th Cir. 2002).

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for a total sentence of 365 days imprisonment.2 The abstract of judgment is not

ambiguous, as Petitioner contends, because there is no reasonable interpretation of

the document under which he would have been sentenced to a term of

imprisonment of less than one year.

      Additionally, the BIA correctly held that because the government met its

initial burden to prove Petitioner was removable as an aggravated felon, Petitioner

could not then meet his burden to prove he was eligible for cancellation of

removal. The burden to establish eligibility for cancellation of removal is always

on the alien. 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b); 8 C.F.R. § 1240.8(d). The BIA correctly held

that an alien who has been convicted of an aggravated felony is not eligible for

cancellation of removal. 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(a)(3).

      Petitioner’s remaining arguments are meritless.

      PETITION DENIED.

      2
         Judicially noticeable documents under the modified categorical approach
include the “charging document, written plea agreement, transcript of plea
colloquy, and any explicit factual finding by the trial judge to which the defendant
assented” and other documents with sufficient indicia of reliability. Shepard v.
United States, 544 U.S. 13, 16 (2005). Abstracts of judgment are also reliable.
United States v. Sandoval-Sandoval, 487 F.3d 1278, 1280 (9th Cir. 2007).

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