Court Opinion

ID: 2911922
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-10 05:36:36.143155+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:37:55.550972
License: Public Domain

IN THE
                          TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

                                 No. 10-07-00070-CR

RONALD LAMONT GUYTON,
                                                            Appellant
v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,
                                                            Appellee

                           From the 85th District Court
                               Brazos County, Texas
                          Trial Court No. 0603643-CRF85

       OPINION ON PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW

      A jury convicted Ronald Guyton of three counts of possession of cocaine with

intent to deliver and assessed his punishment at fifty years’ confinement for count one,

two years’ confinement for count two, and fifty years’ confinement for count three.

Guyton’s appellate counsel contends in his sole point that Guyton received ineffective

assistance of trial counsel. Guyton contends in a pro se supplemental brief that: (1) the

evidence is legally and factually insufficient to prove possession with intent to deliver;

(2) the trial court erred when it failed to inquire into a conflict of interest between
himself and his attorney; and (3) the State failed to give him timely notice of its intent to

use prior convictions for enhancement purposes.

       On original submission, this Court reversed the judgment due to factual

insufficiency. See Guyton v. State, No. 10-07-00070-CR, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 8371 (Tex.

App.—Waco Nov. 5, 2008). As authorized by Rule of Appellate Procedure 50, we issue

this modified opinion within sixty days after the State filed its petition for discretionary

review. TEX. R. APP. P. 50. On reconsideration of the issues presented, we will affirm

the judgment and withdraw our prior opinion and judgment. Id.

                                            Background

       On the evening of April 26, 2006, Officers Steve Spillars and Paul Mahoney

attempted to stop a white Pontiac that was allegedly operating with a defective

headlight.1 The Pontiac did not immediately pull over but continued to travel east on

Highway 21 in Bryan until it turned onto Waco Street. Spillars testified that, as the

Pontiac began to stop, he got out of the patrol car because he saw the back door of the

Pontiac opening. Guyton, who was wearing a black baseball cap, ran from the back

door of the Pontiac and was chased by Spillars. During the chase, Spillars saw Guyton

throw a small object from his right hand.

       When Guyton was arrested, he initially falsely identified himself as Christopher

Brice Daniels.     Mahoney then ran Guyton’s fingerprints through the FBI and DPS

databases under the name Christopher Daniels. However, when Mahoney took Guyton

1
       Christi French, the Pontiac’s driver, testified at trial that the headlights on the Pontiac were
working properly.

Guyton v. State                                                                                 Page 2
the fingerprint cards to sign, he signed his name as Ronald Guyton.           Subsequent

investigation confirmed Guyton’s identity. When the officers searched Guyton, he was

not carrying any contraband, and he did not appear to be under the influence of

narcotics.

       Spillars searched the area and located a black baseball cap, a food-coloring bottle,

and two plastic sandwich bags that had been tied together.           The contents of the

sandwich bags and the food-coloring bottle were later tested and weighed, and forensic

scientist Joel Budge testified that the bags contained .40 grams of cocaine and 3.57

grams of ecstasy. The food-coloring bottle contained 5.15 grams of PCP.

       Officer Spillars testified that possession of less than a gram of cocaine would

usually be charged as simple possession. He also testified that Guyton was initially

charged with simple possession and not possession with intent to deliver.

       Detective Robert Wilson, College Station Police Department, testified that street-

level drug dealers normally carry enough drugs for only a few sales. Furthermore, a

street-level drug dealer normally would not document his drug sales on a narcotics

ledger, as they typically operate on a hand-to-hand basis. Street-level dealers carry a

low amount of product in order to be able to quickly eat, drop, or destroy evidence if

stopped by law enforcement. He also testified to the perceived effects of each of the

individual drugs Guyton possessed and stated that a typical drug user would not

collectively consume cocaine, ecstasy, and PCP because the drugs would counteract the

effects of each other. In his opinion, the drugs possessed by Guyton were for sale and

not personal use.

Guyton v. State                                                                      Page 3
       After a jury convicted Guyton on all three counts of possession with intent to

deliver, he filed a motion for new trial claiming that he did not receive effective

assistance of counsel or adequate notice of a new indictment.2 A hearing was held, the

trial court denied the motion, and this appeal followed.

                                        Pro Se Pleadings

       As an initial matter, we must address Guyton’s status as a pro se litigant before

this Court. Both Guyton and his appointed appellate counsel have filed briefs in this

matter. A criminal appellant has no right to hybrid representation. Ex parte Taylor, 36
S.W.3d 883, 887 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001); Meyer v. State, 27 S.W.3d 644, 648 (Tex. App.—

Waco 2000, pet. ref'd). Generally, when an appellant has counsel and counsel has filed

a brief, the appellant has no right to file a pro se brief. However, the prohibition on

hybrid representation is not absolute. See e. g., Warren v. State, 98 S.W.3d 739, 741 (Tex.

App.—Waco 2003, pet. ref’d). We may consider a pro se brief if the interests of justice

require us to do so. We have reviewed Guyton’s pro se supplemental brief and find that

the interests of justice require that we address his issues. See Williams v. State, 946
S.W.2d 886, 892 (Tex. App.—Waco 1997, no pet.) (appellate court may consider pro se

issue in the interest of justice even though appellant has no right to hybrid

representation).

2       Guyton was originally charged by indictment on July 13, 2006. He was then reindicted on
December 14, 2006. The only change in the new indictment was the addition of an enhancement
paragraph alleging a prior conviction for possession of a controlled substance. The effect of the
enhancement paragraph was to enhance the minimum range of punishment on count one to 15 years to
99 years. Count three was enhanced to a first degree punishment range, and there was no effect of the
punishment range on count two.

Guyton v. State                                                                               Page 4
                                     Intent to Deliver

       In his first pro se issue, Guyton challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the

evidence to support a finding of intent to deliver.

       In reviewing a claim of legal insufficiency, we view all of the evidence in a light

most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could

have found the essential element beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443
U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979); Sells v. State, 121 S.W.3d 748,

753-54 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003); Witt v. State, 237 S.W.3d 394, 396-97 (Tex. App.—Waco

2007, pet. ref’d).

       In a factual insufficiency review, we ask whether a neutral review of all the

evidence, though legally sufficient, demonstrates either that the proof of guilt is so

weak or that conflicting evidence is so strong as to render the factfinder's verdict clearly

wrong and manifestly unjust. Watson v. State, 204 S.W.3d 404, 414-15 (Tex. Crim. App.

2006); Witt, 237 S.W.3d at 397.

       Intent to deliver may be established by circumstantial evidence. Moreno v. State,

195 S.W.3d 321, 325 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2006, pet. ref’d). A number of

factors are relevant to this issue: (1) the nature of the location where the defendant was

arrested; (2) the quantity of drugs the defendant possessed; (3) the manner of packaging

of the drugs; (4) the presence or absence of drug paraphernalia (for use or sale); (5)

whether the defendant possessed a large amount of cash in addition to the drugs; and

(6) the defendant’s status as a drug user. Utomi v. State, 243 S.W.3d 75, 82 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. ref’d), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 128 S. Ct. 2058, 170 L. Ed.

Guyton v. State                                                                         Page 5
2d 800 (2008); Erskine v. State, 191 S.W.3d 374, 380 (Tex. App.—Waco 2006, no pet.).

Expert testimony may also be used to establish intent. See id. The “number of factors

present is not as important as the logical force the factors have in establishing the

elements of the offense.” Moreno, 195 S.W.3d at 326.

        Although a large amount of drugs, often accompanied by police officer/expert

witness testimony, can show intent to deliver, such amounts are not involved here. Cf.,

e.g., Pitts v. State, 731 S.W.2d 687, 691-92 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1987, pet. ref’d)

(1,025 grams of cocaine); see also Morrow v. State, 757 S.W.2d 484, 487-88 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 1988, pet. ref’d) (3,013 grams of cocaine). The converse is likewise

true, namely, that a small quantity of drugs is not alone sufficient to establish an intent

to deliver.       See Brooks v. State, No. 10-07-00309-CR, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 7364, at

*11 (Tex. App.—Waco Oct. 1, 2008, pet. filed) (not designated for publication).3 Thus,

the quantity of drugs alone cannot establish the requisite intent if the quantity is

consistent with personal use, unless supported by additional evidence.

        Here, Guyton possessed 5.15 grams of PCP (approximately 20 hits), 3.57 gram of

ecstasy (approximately 7 tablets), and .40 grams of cocaine (approximately 1 or 2 rocks).

3       When police in a bar approached Brooks, he tried to escape and threw two clear plastic bags
towards a pool table. Brooks v. State, No. 10-07-00309-CR, 2008 Tex. App. Lexis 7364, at *2-3 (Tex. App.—
Waco Oct. 1, 2008, pet. filed) (not designated for publication). One of the plastic bags contained 4.72
grams of cocaine and an unspecified quantity of ecstasy pills, while the other contained an unspecified
quantity of marihuana. Id. at *3-4. An expert testified that it is unusual for a user to carry three different
types of narcotics. We found the evidence legally, but not factually, sufficient because there existed no
evidence of any other circumstances tending to prove intent, such as “evidence that Brooks possessed an
excessive amount of cash; that the drugs were packaged in a manner indicating intent to sell; that Brooks
possessed paraphernalia used in sales or transactions involving drugs; that Brooks was arrested in an
area known for drug sales; or that Brooks possessed any weapons.” Id. at *12-13. We note that we issued
the opinion in Brooks after Guyton’s counsel filed his brief in this appeal.

Guyton v. State                                                                                        Page 6
Spillars and Wilson testified that this quantity was consistent with a street-dealer

amount, but Spillars admitted that it could also be consistent with personal use.

Standing alone, these amounts are insufficient evidence of intent; additional evidence is

required. See Brooks, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 7364, at *11.

        The State argues that additional evidence exists for several reasons: (1) Guyton

identified himself as someone else; (2) Guyton was not in possession of any drug

paraphernalia for either use or sale; (3) Guyton was not under the influence of a

narcotic; (4) Guyton attempted to evade capture and discarded contraband in the

process; and (5) Guyton was found in possession of three different types of drugs.

        Guyton responds that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient because

several of the pertinent factors identified above are not present. See Brooks, 2008 Tex.

App. LEXIS 7364, at *12-13; Hillman v. State, No. 02-03-00171-CR, 2004 Tex. App. Lexis

3210, at *10-11 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Apr. 8, 2004, pet. ref’d) (not designated for

publication).4 But as the State correctly responds, not every factor must be established

to prove intent to deliver. See Moreno, 195 S.W.3d at 326; Brooks, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS

7364, at *8.

4        7.5 grams of methamphetamine (comprising 70 “hits” worth $700) were found hidden under the
console of Hillman’s vehicle. Hillman v. State, No. 02-03-00171-CR, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 3210, at *9 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth Apr. 8, 2004, pet. ref’d) (not designated for publication). An expert in that case
testified that it is unusual for a user to carry this amount of methamphetamine because dealers commonly
make alterations to their vehicles to hide drugs and users usually carry drugs on their person. See id. The
Fort Worth Court found the evidence legally, but not factually, sufficient because there existed no
evidence of any other circumstances tending to prove intent, such as “evidence that Hillman possessed an
excessive amount of cash; that the drugs were packaged in a manner indicating intent to sell; that
Hillman possessed any baggies, scales, or other items used in sales or transactions involving drugs; that
Hillman was arrested in an area known for drug sales; that Hillman had any weapons in the car; or that
Hillman tried to evade the police.” Id. at *10-11.

Guyton v. State                                                                                     Page 7
       There is no evidence that Guyton possessed any small baggies for packaging

small amounts of contraband or that he was doing anything to exhibit an intent to

deliver. There is no evidence that he had set himself up in a drug house or on a street

corner where drugs were habitually sold. And there is no evidence that he attempted to

pass off contraband to another person. This lack of evidence tends to contradict the

jury’s finding of intent to deliver.

       By comparison, the evidence relevant to several of the factors appears consistent

with either possession for personal use or possession for delivery.       This evidence

includes: (1) Guyton’s falsely identifying himself; (2) his attempt to evade capture and

discard contraband; (3) the quantity of the drugs in his possession; and (4) his prior

conviction for possession of a controlled substance. See Brooks, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS

7364, at *13.

       But there is other evidence supporting the jury’s finding of intent. In Brooks, we

found the evidence factually insufficient to prove intent to deliver.      Id. at *12-14.

However, Guyton’s case is different. As in Brooks, the State offered the expert testimony

of narcotics officers who testified that the quantity of drugs in Guyton’s possession was

more than a user would normally carry. Cf. id. at *4-5. And as in Brooks, the officers

opined that the defendant’s possession of three different controlled substances was

more indicative of a dealer than a user. Id. at *12. But Wilson went further and

discussed the interaction between the various controlled substances in Guyton’s

possession. He explained that a typical user would not use ecstasy, cocaine, and PCP

Guyton v. State                                                                    Page 8
together because their effects would counteract each other.5 Cf. Utomi, 243 S.W.3d at 78,

83-84 (upholding conviction for possession of cocaine, ecstasy, and PCP with intent to

deliver).

         Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, the evidence is

legally sufficient to establish possession with intent to deliver. See Brooks, 2008 Tex.

App. LEXIS 7364, at *12; Utomi, 243 S.W.3d at 83; Hillman, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 3210, at

*9-10.

         And viewing the evidence in a neutral light, as required by the factual sufficiency

standard of review, we likewise hold that the proof of guilt is not so weak or that

conflicting evidence so strong as to render the factfinder's verdict clearly wrong and

manifestly unjust. See Utomi, 243 S.W.3d at 83-84; see also Watson, 204 S.W.3d at 414-15;

Witt, 237 S.W.3d at 397; cf. Brooks, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 7364, at *12-14; Hillman, 2004

Tex. App. LEXIS 3210, at *10-11.

         Accordingly, we overrule Guyton’s first pro se issue.

                                      Enhancement Paragraph

         Guyton complains in his third pro se issue that he did not receive timely notice of

the State’s intention to enhance his punishment with a prior conviction for possession of

a controlled substance.

         This argument was litigated in Guyton’s motion for new trial hearing. After

hearing all the evidence, the court entered findings of fact supporting the prosecution’s

5
         By contrast, the defendant in Brooks had cocaine, ecstasy, and marihuana. See Brooks, 2008 Tex.
App. LEXIS 7364, at *3. There are reported cases of defendants being convicted for the combined
possession of these three substances. See, e.g., Scott v. State, 825 S.W.2d 521, 522 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1992,
pet. ref’d).

Guyton v. State                                                                                      Page 9
assertion that Guyton received constitutionally adequate notice of the State’s intent to

enhance his sentence using a prior conviction.

       A defendant is entitled to notice of any prior convictions the prosecution intends

to use as enhancement to the sentence the defendant is facing. Villescas v. State, 189
S.W.3d 290, 294 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). These prior convictions used as enhancements

must be pleaded in some form, but they need not be pleaded in the indictment. Brooks

v. State, 957 S.W.2d 30, 34 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). Although the notice requirement is

constitutional in origin, there is no specific time period for which notice must be

provided. Villescas, 189 S.W.3d at 294. “In fact . . ., when a defendant has no defense

to the enhancement allegation and has not suggested the need for a continuance in

order to prepare one, notice given at the beginning of the punishment phase satisfies

the federal constitution.” Id.

       At the hearing on the motion for new trial, Guyton’s trial counsel testified that he

received the new indictment containing the enhancement paragraph on December 1,

2006, and knew on November 17, 2006, prior to the reindictment, that Guyton’s

sentence would be enhanced with his prior conviction. After he received the new

indictment, counsel informed Guyton that his sentence in the instant case would be

enhanced by a prior conviction.      Counsel also testified that prosecutors informed

Guyton on November 17, 2006, that if he did not accept the plea bargain offered that

day, the State would reindict him and add the prior conviction as an enhancement.

       At the same hearing, a jail employee testified that Guyton knew that he had been

reindicted. However, Guyton complained to this employee that he had not received a

Guyton v. State                                                                     Page 10
copy of this new indictment. In response, the employee found a copy of the new

indictment, along with a copy of the certificate of service, which did not bear Guyton’s

signature, and showed them to Guyton. The certificate of service showing Guyton was

served with his new indictment was admitted into evidence.

       Collectively, this testimony demonstrates that Guyton received adequate notice

of the new indictment. Counsel demonstrated that Guyton was informed on several

occasions prior to trial by both the prosecutor and his trial counsel that his sentence was

going to be enhanced using the prior conviction. Thus, the trial court did not err in

finding that Guyton received constitutionally adequate notice. Webb, 232 S.W.3d at 112.

We overrule Guyton’s third pro se issue.

                                   Conflict of Interest

       Guyton contends in his second pro se issue that the court erred when it failed to

inquire into a conflict of interest between himself and his court-appointed counsel.

       Guyton identifies essentially three instances when he advised the court that there

were problems with the representation. First, he complained to the court before trial

that he did not feel that his attorney was coming to see him and discuss the case with

sufficient frequency. Next, he complained to the court during voir dire that his attorney

was “not working with me” and was “siding with the prosecution.” And finally, he

complained during trial that his attorney was not asking questions that he wanted the

attorney to ask the witnesses. When Guyton raised these complaints, the trial court

briefly discussed them with him.

Guyton v. State                                                                     Page 11
                The trial court has discretion to determine whether counsel should
         be allowed to withdraw from a case. “However, the right to counsel may
         not be manipulated so as to obstruct the judicial process or interfere with
         the administration of justice.”        Further, personality conflicts and
         disagreements concerning trial strategy are typically not valid grounds for
         withdrawal. A trial court has no duty to search for counsel agreeable to
         the defendant.

King v. State, 29 S.W.3d 556, 566 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (quoting Green v. State, 840
S.W.2d 394, 408 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992)) (footnotes omitted); accord Gaines v. State, No.

05-06-00599-CR, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 4985, at *2-3 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 27, 2007,

pet. ref’d).

         A trial court has an affirmative duty to conduct a hearing when it becomes aware

of an actual conflict of interest. Ramirez v. State, 13 S.W.3d 482, 487 (Tex. App.—Corpus

Christi 2000), pet. dism’d, improvidently granted, 67 S.W.3d 177 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001)

(per curiam) (citing United States v. Greig, 967 F.2d 1018, 1022 (5th Cir. 1992)).

Personality conflicts, disagreements regarding trial strategy and lack of communication

do not ordinarily give rise to an actual conflict of interest. See Gaines, 2007 Tex. App.

LEXIS 4985, at *3-4 (citing King, 29 S.W.3d at 566). Here, there was no reason for the

trial court to conclude that an actual conflict existed between Guyton and his trial

attorney. Thus, the court did not err by declining to hold a formal hearing to inquire

into whether an actual conflict existed. Id. at *4. We overrule Guyton’s second pro se

issue.

                                   Ineffective Assistance

         Guyton’s appellate counsel contends in the sole issue presented in counsel’s brief

that Guyton received ineffective assistance of trial counsel because counsel failed to: (1)

Guyton v. State                                                                        Page 12
adequately investigate the facts and interview potential witnesses; or (2) file a motion to

suppress or seek an article 38.23 instruction regarding the legality of the traffic stop.

       To prevail on an ineffective-assistance claim, an appellant must show by a

preponderance of the evidence that: (1) counsel’s performance was deficient and (2) the

deficient performance prejudiced the defense. Garza v. State, 213 S.W.3d 338, 347-48

(Tex. Crim. App. 2007). In the context of a claim that counsel was ineffective for failing

to file a motion to suppress, prejudice is established by showing that such a motion

would have been granted. See Jackson v. State, 973 S.W.2d 954, 957 (Tex. Crim. App.

1998); Hollis v. State, 219 S.W.3d 446, 456 (Tex. App.—Austin 2007, no pet.); Carroll v.

State, 56 S.W.3d 644, 649 (Tex. App.—Waco 2001, pet. ref’d).

       We begin with a “strong presumption” that counsel provided reasonably

professional assistance, and Guyton bears the burden of overcoming this presumption.

See Andrews v. State, 159 S.W.3d 98, 101 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). Generally, the appellate

record is insufficient to satisfy this burden. Scheanette v. State, 144 S.W.3d 503, 510 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2004); Curry v. State, 222 S.W.3d 745, 754 (Tex. App.—Waco 2007, pet. ref’d).

If nothing in the record reveals the reason for the act or omission which is the basis of

an ineffective assistance complaint, we may not speculate on that reason. See Jackson v.

State, 877 S.W.2d 768, 771 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994); Curry, 222 S.W.3d at 754; Hajjar v.

State, 176 S.W.3d 554, 567 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, pet. ref’d).

       Here, Guyton’s trial counsel answered questions at the hearing on the motion for

new trial about the complaints Guyton raises on appeal. With regard to investigating

the facts of the case, Guyton’s primary complaint is that his trial counsel failed to talk

Guyton v. State                                                                       Page 13
with Shredick Davis, a passenger in the white Pontiac from which Guyton fled, or call

him as a witness. Counsel explained that he did not consider Davis to be a credible

witness because he was himself found to be in possession of marijuana on the occasion

in question. Counsel provided a strategic basis for not calling Davis as a witness.

Although Davis may have supported French’s testimony that both headlights were

operating on the occasion in question, we are not in a position to second-guess counsel’s

concerns about Davis’s credibility. See State v. Morales, 253 S.W.3d 686, 696 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2008). Thus, Guyton has failed to overcome the strong presumption that counsel

provided reasonably professional assistance with regard to counsel’s decision to not call

Davis as a witness.

        Counsel was also questioned about his decision to not file a motion to suppress

or request an article 38.23 instruction in the charge with regard to whether the officers

had a lawful basis for the traffic stop. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.23(a)

(Vernon 2005). Counsel testified that the stated basis for the traffic stop was a defective

headlight. However, French testified at trial that both of her headlights were working

that night. Counsel’s responses on direct and cross-examination suggest that he did not

pursue these issues because he did not believe that Guyton had standing to challenge

the stop of the car.6

        We assume without deciding that the evidence raises a fact issue regarding the

basis for the stop and that counsel could have litigated the constitutionality of the stop

6
       It appears that counsel was incorrect in this regard. See Kothe v. State, 152 S.W.3d 54, 60-61 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2004) (passenger has standing to complain of lawfulness of vehicle stop).

Guyton v. State                                                                                    Page 14
in a pretrial suppression hearing and/or via an article 38.23 instruction to the jury. See

Holmes v. State, 223 S.W.3d 728, 731 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2007) (lawfulness

of seizure may be challenged by: (1) pre-trial suppression motion; (2) trial objection; or

(3) raising fact issue under article 38.23), aff’d, 248 S.W.3d 194 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008).

       However, Guyton must also establish that he was prejudiced by counsel’s failure

to pursue these issues. Garza, 213 S.W.3d at 347-48. This means that Guyton must

establish by a preponderance of the evidence that a suppression motion would have

been granted or the jury would have found in his favor under article 38.23. See Jackson,
973 S.W.2d at 957; Hollis, 219 S.W.3d at 456; Carroll, 56 S.W.3d at 649.

       Because Guyton can establish only the existence of a fact issue, we cannot say

with any confidence that a pretrial motion to suppress would have been granted or that

the jury would have found in his favor under article 38.23. See Bollinger v. State, 224
S.W.3d 768, 779-80 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2007, pet. ref’d).                Thus, Guyton has not

established that he was prejudiced by counsel’s failure to file a suppression motion or

seek an article 38.23 instruction. See Jackson, 973 S.W.2d at 957; Hollis, 219 S.W.3d at 456;

Carroll, 56 S.W.3d at 649.

       For these reasons, we overrule the sole issue presented in the brief filed by

Guyton’s counsel.

       We affirm the judgment.7

7
        In accordance with Rule of Appellate Procedure 50, the opinion and judgment dated November
5, 2008 are withdrawn, and this opinion and its corresponding judgment are substituted therefor. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 50.

Guyton v. State                                                                             Page 15
                                               FELIPE REYNA
                                               Justice
Before Chief Justice Gray,
       Justice Reyna, and
       Justice Davis
       (Chief Justice Gray concurring)
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed February 6, 2009
Do not publish
[CRPM]

Guyton v. State                                               Page 16