Court Opinion

ID: 8810131
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-26 15:00:10.999586+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:04:15.370453
License: Public Domain

Mr. Justice Dibell delivered the opinion of the court. This is a suit by the First National Bank of Chadwick, Illinois, as indorsee, against Daniel S. Mackey, the indorser of a check for $520. Plaintiff recovered and defendant appeals. Appellee filed, by leave of court, an additional record containing amendments to the bill of exceptions, striking out certain words in certain exceptions. Appellant moved to strike this additional record from the files, and that motion was taken with the case. The main ground of the motion was that there was nothing in the court below to amend by. Appellant did not take a bill of exceptions containing the proceedings and proof of the making of the amendment. In the absence of a bill of exceptions, we must presume that the court below did have before it that by which to amend. The presumption is in favor of the regularity of the amendment. The amendment was made in term time on due notice. . The motion to strike the amended record from the files is therefore denied. There were some disputed questions of fact at the trial, but the most important facts were not disputed. Appellant was a farmer, living three and one half miles from the village of Chadwick. J. E. Smith was a horse buyer. Smith had been accustomed for a long time to do his business through the appellee bank. Appellant was accustomed to do his financial business through the First National Bank of Mt. Carroll, in the same county. Appellant had a team of horses for sale at $520 which Smith wished to buy. On the morning of May 21, 1909, appellant called up an officer of the appellee bank and had a conversation with him by telephone upon the question whether these horses would be paid for, about which conversation there is a dispute. Appellant' then sent the team to Chadwick by his nephew, Jesse Mackey, with directions to bring home the money for the horses. J esse delivered the horses to Smith and Smith gave him therefor the check here in question for $520, drawn on the Exchange National Bank of Polo, Illinois, a village twenty miles east of Chadwick on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy ¡Railroad. It was payable to appellant or bearer. Jesse took it to the appellee bank, indorsed the name of his uncle on the back, and received therefor a certificate of deposit payable to the order of his uncle, and took it home and gave it to his uncle, and his uncle soon thereafter deposited it in the First National Bank of Mt. Carroll, and it’ was afterwards presented to and paid by appellee, May 25. Appellee received the check on Friday, May 21, 1909, between 2:30 and 3:00 o’clock in the afternoon. According to the proof, there was but one mail going east from Chadwick each day and that went about five o’clock p. m. on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy ¡Railroad, and the mail was closed about twenty minutes before five o’clock. Appellee did not send the check away for collection that day, but at five o’clock p. m. of Saturday, May 22, it sent the check to the Corn Exchange ¡National Bank of Chicago, its Chicago correspondent. That bank received the check on the morning of Monday, May 24. There were in Polo two banks, the Exchajnge ¡National Bank, on which this check was drawn, and Barber Brothers & Company of Polo. Between five and six o’clock p. m. of Monday, May 24, the Corn Exchange Bank sent the check to Barber Brothers Bank, and on Tuesday, May 25, the latter bank presented the check for payment to the Exchange ¡National Bank of Polo and payment was refused. Barber Brothers Bank then placed the check in the hands of a notary, who duly demanded payment, protested it, and mailed notice thereof to each party in interest. Appellant received the notice on May 26, and that was the first knowledge or notice he had that Jesse did not obtain the cash for the horses and that he took a check instead. The horses by this time were beyond appellant’s reach. Appellant denies the authority of Jesse to take a check for the horses and to indorse it in appellant’s name, and claims an estoppel against the appellee bank by reason of what its officer said to him over the telephone before he sent the horses to town that morning. He also contends that there were many errors in the rulings of the court upon the evidence and the instructions. We deem it necessary to consider but one of the many questions raised. Polo was twenty miles east of Chadwick, on the same line of railway. Barber Brothers Bank was proved to be a responsible institution. If appellee had remitted the check to that bank on Friday, May 21, it would have reached Polo about 5:30 p. m. and would have been received by Barber Brothers Bank either that night or the first thing the next morning, and would have been immediately presented for payment. As the law was prior to the time when the ¡Negotiable Instrument Law of 1907 went into effect, we tbink it clear that the delay in sending the check from Chadwick and the sending of it by the circuitous route described, so that it did not reach Polo till the following Tuesday, would constitute such negligence as would release the indorser. Section 192 of that Act enacts that in determining what is a reasonable time, regard is to be had to the nature of the instrument, the usage of the business with respect, to such instrument, and the facts of the particular case. Appellee introduced evidence tending to show that it was the general usage among'banks not to send country checks to the town where they are payable, but to send them to the correspondent of the bank in some commercial center, and that, when appellee received the check drawn on a place between Chadwick and Chicago, it sent the check to the Corn Exchange Bank of Chicago, regardless of the fact that there was a reputable bank at the place where it was payable, and that the sole reason for doing this was to save expense, as exchange was frequently charged where the check was sent to another bank in the same town where it was payable. Counsel have argued at great length the question whether such a custom is within the meaning of section 192 of the ¡Negotiable Instrument Law, and whether proof thereof could be received without pleading the custom. We deem it unnecessary to decide those questions. Appellee received this check about two thirty or three o’clock p. m. of Friday May 21, and not later than three o’clock. It was accustomed to close its bank at 4 or 4:30 p. m. It knew that the only mail east for twenty-six hours went about five o’clock p. m. and that it closed about twenty minutes before five o’clock. ¡No reason is seen why, if appellee intended to send this check by this circuitous route, it was not required to send it by that. mail. Appellee explains it in this way. Its officer testified that at their bank the checks for collection were made up from two to three o’clock and if their remittance of checks had already been made up and sent out before a check was received they would hold it till they made up a remittance again. He did not testify that this check was received after the remittance had been made up nor that he had any recollection on the subject. It may be that it was done to accommodate Smith, who had been their customer for ten or twelve years, and to give him a little more time to meet the check. In our view of the case, if appellee designed to avail itself of this usage to send the check by a circuitous route, requiring several days to reach a point twenty miles away on a connecting railway, ordinary diligence required that it be sent out by the first mail. If there was any usage in appellee bank to hold a check back for twenty-six hours, that usage was neither known to appellant, nor binding on him. We are of opinion that, notwithstanding the Negotiable Instrument Act of 1907, this case is practically governed by Travers v. T. M. Sinclair & Co., 122 Ill. App. 203. Appellee lays some stress on the word “negotiation,” as used in sections 71 and 30 of said Act. The officer of appellee testified that appellee sent this check to the Corn Exchange Bank for collection. A clerk of the Corn Exchange Bank testified that it received the check for collection; that, while it called it a cash item, yet it was only cash in case it was paid, and that the Corn Exchange Bank sent the check to Barber Brothers Bank for collection. We think it cannot be the meaning’ of the sections of the Act referred to that a check may be sent for collection in a roundabout way, through many banks, and that the reasonable time for its presentment begins after the last time it is sent on for collection. ¡No one proved whether, if the check had been presented within a reasonable time, the funds were there on hand with which to pay it. Such proof would be material if the suit were against the.maker of the check, but it was decided in Travers v. T. M. Sinclair & Co., supra, that in America, the indorser is discharged by the omission to present the check within a reasonable time, irrespective of actual damage. The judgment is therefore reversed. Reversed. Finding of facts, to be incorporated in the judgment: We find that appellee was guilty of negligence in not presenting the check to the bank upon which it was drawn within a reasonable time after appellee received it; and that, if it had a right under the custom of banks to send the check for collection by way of Chicago, it did not send the check forward with due diligence; and that, by reason of the negligence of appellee, the appellant, the indorser of the check, is discharged.