Court Opinion

ID: 3132947
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-20 18:37:27.299746+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:53:55.127452
License: Public Domain

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                               SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

    State of West Virginia, Plaintiff Below,
    Respondent                                                                             FILED
                                                                                       October 20, 2015 
    vs) No. 14-0726 (Putnam County 13-F-145)                                          RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                                                                    SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                        OF WEST VIRGINIA
    Jason D. Fields, Defendant Below,
    Petitioner

                                  MEMORANDUM DECISION
            Petitioner Jason D. Fields, by counsel Timothy J. LaFon, appeals the Circuit Court of
    Putnam County’s June 27, 2014, order sentencing him to thirty-years of incarceration following
    his guilty plea to first-degree robbery without the use of a firearm. The State, by counsel Kristine
    D. Raynes, filed a response. On appeal, petitioner alleges that the circuit court abused its
    discretion by imposing a thirty-year sentence.

            This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
    arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
    by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
    presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
    reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
    of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

            In June of 2013, petitioner and a co-defendant allegedly robbed a gas station at gun point.
    Petitioner was arrested and indicted in November 2013 for the felony offense of first-degree
    robbery in violation of West Virginia Code § 61-2-12. In February of 2014, petitioner and the
    State entered into a plea agreement whereby petitioner would plead guilty to a lesser included
    charge of the felony offense of first-degree robbery without the use of a firearm. The circuit
    court accepted petitioner’s guilty plea.

            The circuit court held a sentencing hearing in June of 2014. At the hearing, petitioner
    requested the minimum sentence of ten years imprisonment and further requested that he be
    placed in an in-patient drug addiction treatment facility. After petitioner’s allocution, the State
    recommended the minimum sentence of ten years imprisonment. The circuit court reviewed
    petitioner’s pre-sentence investigation report and the victim’s impact statement. The circuit court
    imposed the following sentence: thirty-years of incarceration for the felony offense of first-
    degree robbery without the use of a firearm. Thereafter, by order entered in June of 2014, the
    circuit court sentenced petitioner to the same terms for purposes of appeal, and it is from that
    order that petitioner appeals.

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        Petitioner’s sole argument on appeal is that the record does not support the circuit court’s
imposition of such a long term of incarceration. Upon our review, we find no error in the circuit
court’s sentencing order. “The Supreme Court of Appeals reviews sentencing orders ... under a
deferential abuse of discretion standard, unless the order violates statutory or constitutional
commands.” See State v. Head, 198 W.Va. 298, 301, 480 S.E.2d 507, 510 (1996). We have
previously held that “‘[s]entences imposed by the trial court, if within statutory limits and if not
based on some [im]permissible factor, are not subject to appellate review.’ Syllabus Point 4,
State v. Goodnight, 169 W.Va. 366, 287 S.E.2d 504 (1982).” Syl. Pt. 3, State v. Georgius, 225
W.Va. 716, 696 S.E.2d 18 (2010).

       As to petitioner’s sentence for first-degree robbery, the Court has previously stated that

       [t]he robbery by violence statute is one of the few criminal statutes in our
       jurisdiction that enables the court to set a determinate sentence without reference
       to any statutory maximum limit. With the exception of the life recidivist statute
       discussed in State v. Vance, 164 W.Va. 216, 262 S.E.2d 423 (1980), we do not
       believe that the disproportionality principle can have any significant application
       other than to this type of sentencing statute.

State v. Manley, 212 W.Va. 509, 512–13, 575 S.E.2d 119, 122–23 (2002) (quoting Wanstreet v.
Bordenkircher, 166 W.Va. 523, 531–32, 276 S.E.2d 205, 211 (1981)).

        There are two tests to determine whether a sentence is so disproportionate that it violates
constitutional provisions. We have stated that

       [t]he first is a subjective test and asks whether the sentence for a particular crime
       shocks the conscience of the Court and society. If the sentence is so offensive that
       it cannot pass this test, then inquiry need proceed no further. When it cannot be
       said that a sentence shocks the conscience, a disproportionality challenge should
       be resolved by more objective factors which include the consideration of the
       nature of the offense, the defendant's past criminal history, and his proclivity to
       engage in violent acts.

State v. Ross, 184 W.Va. 579, 581–82, 402 S.E.2d 248, 250–51 (1990) (citing State v. Martin,
177 W.Va. 758, 356 S.E.2d 629 (1987); State v. Glover, 177 W.Va. 650, 355 S.E.2d 631 (1987);
State v. Buck, 173 W.Va. 243, 314 S.E.2d 406 (1984)).

        First, the thirty-year sentence imposed on petitioner does not shock the conscience of this
Court or society. While petitioner argues that there is no support in the record for his sentence,
the record on appeal shows that petitioner and his co-defendant put on masks, entered a gas
station, and robbed the cashier at gun point. The purpose of the robbery was to advance yet
another illegal act: the purchase and consumption of illegal drugs. Petitioner and his co-
defendant disposed of the gun, masks, and other items of clothing that they were wearing on the
day of the robbery, and they attempted to elude the police. Based on these facts, we find that a
thirty-year term of incarceration is not offensive. Thus, we find no error in petitioner’s sentence.

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        Second, the thirty-year sentence is not disproportionate given the nature of the offense,
petitioner’s criminal history and risk of recidivism, as well as the impact statement of the victim.
The penalty for first-degree robbery pursuant to West Virginia Code § 61–2–12(a)(1) is a term of
incarceration of “not less than ten years.” Moreover, we find the sentence imposed to be in line
with other sentences upheld by this Court.1 As such, we find no error in petitioner’s sentence.

       For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s June 27, 2014, sentencing order is hereby
affirmed.

                                                                                         Affirmed.

ISSUED: October 20, 2015

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II
        
        

                                                                   
       1
         See State v. Tyler, 211 W.Va. 246, 565 S.E.2d 368 (2002) (upholding thirty-year
sentence for first degree robbery involving use of firearm); State v. King, 205 W.Va. 422, 518
S.E.2d 663 (1999) (approving defendant’s eighty-four year sentence after breaking into elderly
woman’s home, threatening her with weapon, with previous criminal history); State v. Mann,
205 W.Va. 303, 518 S.E.2d 60 (1999) (per curiam) (affirming thirty-year sentence for robbing
store clerk at gun point).

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