Court Opinion

ID: 9962137
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-22 19:21:07.092142+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:19:55.399843
License: Public Domain

IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST VIRGINIA
                                                                                FILED
CHARLENE SOTAK,                                                              April 22, 2024
                                                                          ASHLEY N. DEEM, DEPUTY CLERK
Defendant Below, Petitioner
                                                                         INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                OF WEST VIRGINIA
v.) No. 23-ICA-68        (Cir. Ct. of Kanawha Cnty. Case No. 23-C-AP-21)

SOUTH CHARLESTON HOUSING AUTHORITY,
Plaintiff Below, Respondent

                               MEMORANDUM DECISION

       Petitioner Charlene Sotak appeals the February 27, 2023, Order of the Circuit Court
of Kanawha County, which following a de novo bench trial, denied her magistrate court
appeal and ruled in favor of Respondent South Charleston Housing Authority (“SCHA”).
The Order granted SCHA immediate possession of the subject residential rental property
and awarded it damages. SCHA filed a response.1 Ms. Sotak did not file a reply. The issue
raised on appeal is whether the circuit court afforded Ms. Sotak an adequate opportunity to
present her case at trial.

       This Court has jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to West Virginia Code § 51-
11-4 (2022). After considering the parties’ arguments, the record on appeal, and the
applicable law, this Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For
these reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate
under Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

       This is a wrongful occupation action that was initiated when SCHA filed a
complaint in the Magistrate Court of Kanawha County on February 1, 2023, alleging that
Ms. Sotak had failed to pay rent under the parties’ lease agreement. SCHA sought
immediate possession of the premises and judgment for the arrears. A magistrate heard the
matter on February 14, 2023, and on that same day entered a Civil Judgment Order which
granted SCHA immediate possession of the premises; awarded it $1,858.00 in damages,
plus court costs and interest; and ordered Ms. Sotak to vacate the premises by February 15,
2023. Ms. Sotak appealed that ruling to circuit court on February 14, 2023.

       The circuit court held a de novo bench trial on the matter on February 27, 2023, and
entered the Order on appeal that same day. According to the Order, the testimony of
SCHA’s representatives established that Ms. Sotak had breached the terms of her lease
agreement by failing to pay for several months, and that she still resided on the property.

       1
           Ms. Sotak is self-represented. SCHA is represented by Paul D. Ellis, Esq.
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It also found that Ms. Sotak testified that she worked at a local grocery store but could not
afford her rent because of her utility and other bills. The circuit court awarded SCHA
immediate possession of the premises, and $1,858.00 in damages, plus court costs and
interest. This appeal followed.

       In addressing the instant appeal, our standard of review is as follows:

       In reviewing challenges to the findings and conclusions of the circuit court,
       we apply a two-prong deferential standard of review. We review the final
       order and the ultimate disposition under an abuse of discretion standard, and
       we review the circuit court's underlying factual findings under a clearly
       erroneous standard. Questions of law are subject to a de novo review.

Syl. Pt. 2, Walker v. W. Va. Ethics Comm’n, 201 W. Va. 108, 110, 492 S.E.2d 167, 169
(1997).

       Ms. Sotak’s sole assignment of error on appeal is that the circuit court did not give
her an adequate opportunity to present her case at trial. Instead, Ms. Sotak argues that she
was “cut off” and that circuit court sided with SCHA. Upon review, we find the appellate
record does not preserve this argument for appeal; and therefore, we conclude this
argument is waived. Here, the appendix record contains copies of the magistrate court
record, a physician’s letter, and a copy of the Order on appeal. However, the record does
not contain any indication that Ms. Sotak made any objections before the circuit court to
preserve her assignment of error for appeal.2 Instead, the only record before us of the circuit
court proceedings is the Order, which includes findings regarding Ms. Sotak’s trial
testimony, and nothing in the Order sets forth that Ms. Sotak was prevented from
presenting her evidence.

       “‘[O]ur general rule is that nonjurisdictional questions raised for the first time on
appeal, will not be considered.’” Battista v. Battista, No. 23-ICA-40, 2023 WL 5695427,
at *2 (W. Va. Ct. App. Sept. 5, 2023) (memorandum decision) (quoting Noble v. W. Va.
Dep't of Motor Vehicles, 223 W. Va. 818, 821, 679 S.E.2d 650, 653 (2009)). See also Syl.,
Smith v. Holloway Const. Co., 169 W. Va. 722, 289 S.E.2d 230 (1982) (citation omitted)
(“Where objections were not shown to have been made in the trial court, and the matters
concerned were not jurisdictional in character, such objections will not be considered upon
appeal.”). Further, this Court “will not consider an error which is not properly preserved in

       2
         A transcript of the February 27, 2023, bench trial would have shed light on the
viability and merit of this argument for the Court; however, a transcript was not requested
by Ms. Sotak’s Notice of Appeal form, nor was a transcript included in the appendix record.
See Syl. Pt. 3, in part, Hudgins v. Crowder & Freeman, Inc., 156 W. Va. 111, 112, 191
S.E.2d 443, 444 (1972) (holding “what does not so appear [in the record,] does not exist in
law.”).
                                              2
the record nor apparent on the face of the record.” Syl. Pt. 4, State v. Browning, 199 W.
Va. 417, 418, 485 S.E.2d 1, 2 (1997).

       Because nothing in the appendix record establishes that Ms. Sotak preserved this
issue for review on appeal, we consider the same to be waived. See Haske v. Judge, No.
23-ICA-50, 2024 WL 794601, at *3 (W. Va. Ct. App. Feb. 27, 2024) (affirming circuit
court’s order, finding errors raised on appeal were waived where appendix record failed to
establish those errors were preserved below). Accordingly, we find no error or abuse of
discretion and hereby affirm the circuit court’s Order.3

                                                                                Affirmed.

ISSUED: April 22, 2024

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Judge Thomas E. Scarr
Judge Charles O. Lorensen
Judge Daniel W. Greear

       3
        In its brief, SCHA asked this Court to affirm the circuit court’s Order, as well as
remand the matter to circuit court for further proceedings to modify its judgment regarding
damages and a date for Ms. Sotak to vacate the property. Alternatively, SCHA asked this
Court to modify those terms in this decision in lieu of remand. This appeal is limited to the
four corners of the circuit court’s Order, and while we affirm the ruling as set forth therein,
we decline to entertain any of SCHA’s requests for additional relief.
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