Court Opinion

ID: 4247949
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-23 18:25:35.33301+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:26:58.677963
License: Public Domain

[Cite as LublinSussman Group, L.L.P. v. Lee, 2018-Ohio-666.]

                            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                     LUCAS COUNTY

LublinSussman Group LLP                                  Court of Appeals No. L-17-1077

        Appellant                                        Trial Court No. CI0201502420

v.

Terri S. Lee                                             DECISION AND JUDGMENT

        Appellee                                         Decided: February 23, 2018

                                                *****

        John J. McHugh, III, for appellant.

        Christopher F. Parker, for appellee.

                                                *****

        SINGER, J.

        {¶ 1} Appellant, LublinSussman Group, LLP, appeals the March 16, 2017 judgment

of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas granting summary judgment in favor of

appellee, Terri Lee. For the reasons that follow, we affirm, in part, and reverse, in part.
                                   Assignments of Error

       {¶ 2} Appellant sets forth the following assignments of error:

              1. The trial court erred prejudicially in entering summary judgment

       dismissing LublinSussman Group’s breach of contract claim on its Second

       Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement (Partnership Agreement).

              2. The trial court erred prejudicially in entering summary judgment

       in favor of Terri S. Lee on her wrongful termination and breach of contract

       claims arising under the Partnership Agreement.

                                   Factual Background

       {¶ 3} Appellant is an accounting firm which was originally formed as a

partnership in August 1997. On October 1, 2010, an amended partnership agreement

(“partnership agreement”) was made “to restate the written partnership agreement” and

“to continue to conduct their professional practice.” Five partners entered into the

partnership agreement, including appellee and Lee D. Wunschel.

       {¶ 4} In September 2014, appellant held a meeting which was attended by all of

the partners except appellee, who was not invited. The partners present at the meeting

voted unanimously to remove appellee as a partner. Wunschel, in his affidavit, states the

partners considered and acted upon the following facts in reaching the decision to remove

appellee:

              a) [Appellee]’s performance over time did not keep pace with the

       increased responsibilities of a partner in [appellant];

2.
            b) [Appellee] was consistently late in performing and delivering

     audit reports for [appellant’s] clients, especially the State of Ohio;

            c) [Appellee] was aware that a moratorium had been placed by the

     State of Ohio on assignments for [appellant], which was attributed to her

     tardiness in delivering reports, yet failed to notify [appellant] of this action,

     or to request assistance in curing the delays;

            d) [Appellee] was regularly late in providing and reviewing internal

     financial statements for [appellant];

            e) [Appellee] defaulted on training and development of [appellant]

     staff and employees, even though she had volunteered to assume such

     responsibility;

            f) [Appellee]’s performance in business development was less than

     adequate;

            g) [Appellee]’s performance in personal leadership inside [appellant]

     was unsatisfactory;

            h) [Appellee] failed to make any significant improvement in output

     or development performance after adverse reviews in May, 2014, with

     partners Thomas Jaffe and me; and,

            i) [Appellee] appeared to have determined that she would seek

     employment elsewhere after the September 30 fiscal year end when she

     failed to volunteer to accept responsibility for coordinating the 2014

3.
       [appellant] peer review, which is a triennial requirement of the

       Accountancy Board of Ohio and the AICPA.

       {¶ 5} On September 17, 2014, appellant gave appellee written notice she was

removed as a partner, with the effective date of the removal being November 16, 2014.

After she was removed, appellee started her own accounting practice and began servicing

some of appellant’s past clients. Appellant claimed this action subjected appellee to

certain provisions of the partnership agreement, such that appellant concluded appellee

owed the partnership $201,907. Appellant alleged the amount was due to an “excess of

clients over retirement value account” valued at $62,137, a “deficit accrual basis capital”

valued at $137,770 and, an “accounts receivables due and owing” valued at $3,000.

       {¶ 6} Appellant sought to recover the amount owed by appellee through informal

negotiations, however, the negotiations were unsuccessful and appellant filed its

complaint for breach of contract on April 28, 2015.

       {¶ 7} Appellee answered the complaint and filed a four-count counterclaim. In

Count 1 of the counterclaim, she alleged she was wrongfully expelled as a partner. In

Count 2, appellee alleged appellant and the remaining partners breached their fiduciary

duties when they expelled her from the partnership. In Count 3, she alleged appellant

improperly exercised a right of set-off which was not permitted by the partnership

agreement. In Count 4, appellee sought a declaration that any provision of the

partnership agreement that treated her involuntary expulsion as a voluntary withdrawal

was unenforceable. Appellee sought the balances due from her accrual basis capital

4.
(“ABC”) account and retirement value (“RV”) account without set-off. She also

demanded her final three draw installments, which totaled $16,500.

      {¶ 8} On January 15, 2016, appellant moved for summary judgment on its claim

for breach of contract, as well as on appellee’s counterclaims. Appellee opposed the

motion and moved for summary judgment on her claims. On August 3, 2016, the trial

court entered partial summary judgment finding against appellant on its breach of

contract claim and in favor of appellee on her wrongful termination and breach of

contract claims. Appellee’s other claims were deemed moot.

      {¶ 9} The trial court only entered partial summary judgment because it did not

grant appellee’s demand for her final three account draws. Appellant appealed. The

appeal was dismissed for want of a final appealable order. See LublinSussman Group,

LLP v. Lee, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-16-1206 (Oct. 27, 2016).

      {¶ 10} After remand, appellee amended her counterclaim to eliminate the demand

for the final draws. The summary judgment motions were resubmitted for final decision.

On March 16, 2017, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of appellee

consistent with its previous judgment, concluding as follows:

             [Appellant]’s claim for breach of contract, as well as [appellee]’s

      counterclaims, can be decided as a matter of law by this Court under Civ.R.

      56. As described above, [appellee] is first entitled to summary judgment on

      [appellant]’s claim for breach of contract. Furthermore, [appellee] is

      entitled to summary judgment on her counterclaim against [appellant] for

5.
       wrongful termination, and [appellee]’s further counterclaims for breach of

       fiduciary duties and declaratory judgment are moot. Given that [appellee]’s

       removal/termination from the partnership was an “involuntary withdrawal”

       under the Agreement, she is also entitled to summary judgment on her

       counterclaim against [appellant] for breach of contract. [Appellee] is

       therefore entitled to the value of her ABC and RVA accounts in the

       amounts of $25,080.83 and $10,006.00, respectively.

       {¶ 11} Appellant timely appealed.

                                   Standard of Review

       {¶ 12} Pursuant to Civ.R. 56, the moving party bears the initial burden of

informing the trial court of the basis for the motion and presenting evidence in support

thereof. Vahila v. Hall, 77 Ohio St. 3d 421, 429-30, 674 N.E.2d 1164 (1997); Dresher v.

Burt, 75 Ohio St. 3d 280, 293, 662 N.E.2d 264 (1996). Summary judgment will be

granted when there remains no genuine issue of material fact and, when construing the

evidence most strongly in favor of the non-moving party, reasonable minds can only

conclude that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Civ.R. 56(C).

Accord Lopez v. Home Depot, USA, Inc., 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-02-1248, 2003-Ohio-

2132, ¶ 7.

       {¶ 13} A trial court must deny a motion for summary judgment where conflicting

evidence exists and alternative reasonable inferences can be drawn. Pierson v. Norfork S.

Corp., 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2002-A-0061, 2003-Ohio-6682, ¶ 36. The issue is

6.
“whether the evidence presents sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury or

whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law.” Anderson v.

Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 251-252, 106 S. Ct. 2505, 91 L. Ed. 2d 202 (1986).

       {¶ 14} We review a grant of summary judgment de novo. Grafton v. Ohio Edison

Co., 77 Ohio St. 3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241 (1996).

                                 First Assignment of Error

       {¶ 15} Appellant asserts the trial court erred in granting summary judgment and

dismissing its breach of contract claim because, based on the express language of the

partnership agreement, appellee breached the partnership agreement and should have

been treated as if she voluntarily withdrew from the partnership. Appellee counters no

error occurred, as she did not breach the partnership agreement because she was

involuntarily removed as a partner.

       {¶ 16} Generally, a breach of contract occurs when (1) “a party demonstrates the

existence of a binding contract or agreement”; (2) “the non-breaching party performed its

contractual obligations”; (3) “the other party failed to fulfill its contractual obligations

without legal excuse”; and (4) “the non-breaching party suffered damages as a result of

the breach.” Ngo v. Paramount Care, Inc., 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-05-1359, 2006-Ohio-

3874, ¶ 11.

       {¶ 17} “In cases where the facts are undisputed, and the only question to be

resolved is whether a breach of contract occurred, a question of law exists for the court

7.
to decide.” Bank of New York Mellon v. Lewis, 6th Dist. Erie No. E-13-051, 2014-Ohio-

5599, ¶ 81. “However, when there is a dispute as to whether the parties’ respective

actions are sufficient to satisfy the terms of the contract,” id., or “[w]hen a court finds an

ambiguity in the contract language,” a question of fact is presented and extrinsic evidence

may be considered. Savoy Hosp., LLC v. 5839 Monroe St. Assocs., LLC, 6th Dist. Lucas

No. L-14-1144, 2015-Ohio-4879, ¶ 31.

       {¶ 18} To determine whether a breach of contract occurred in this case, we first

must review the relevant language of the partnership agreement.

       {¶ 19} The construction of a written agreement is a matter of law for the court.

Alexander v. Buckeye Pipe Line Co., 53 Ohio St. 2d 241, 374 N.E.2d 146 (1978),

paragraph one of the syllabus. A contract must be examined as a whole, and the court

presumes the intent of the parties is reflected in the language. Kelly v. Med. Life Ins. Co.,

31 Ohio St. 3d 130, 509 N.E.2d 411 (1987), paragraph one of the syllabus. Words in a

contract will be given their plain and ordinary meaning unless “manifest absurdity

results, or unless some other meaning is clearly evidenced from the face or overall

contents of the instrument.” Alexander at paragraph two of the syllabus. Moreover, the

court must give effect to the words used in the contract, and not delete or insert words.

Cleveland Elec. Illum. Co. v. Cleveland, 37 Ohio St. 3d 50, 53, 524 N.E.2d 441 (1988).

       {¶ 20} When the language in a contract is clear and unambiguous, a court may

look no further than the writing itself to ascertain the intent of the parties. Alexander at

paragraph two of the syllabus. On the other hand, contractual language is ambiguous

8.
where its meaning cannot be determined from the four corners of the agreement or where

the language is susceptible of two or more reasonable interpretations. Covington v.

Lucia, 151 Ohio App. 3d 409, 2003-Ohio-346, 784 N.E.2d 186, ¶ 18 (10th Dist.).

       {¶ 21} When there is an ambiguity in the language of a contract, the court first

looks to extrinsic evidence to determine the parties’ intent. Skivolocki v. E. Ohio Gas

Co., 38 Ohio St. 2d 244, 246, 313 N.E.2d 374 (1974), paragraph one of the syllabus; Cline

v. Rose, 96 Ohio App. 3d 611, 615, 645 N.E.2d 806 (3d Dist.1994). Extrinsic evidence

may indicate “the circumstances which surrounded the parties at the time [the agreement]

was made, the object intended to be accomplished, and the construction which the acts of

the parties show they gave to their agreement.” Mosier v. Parry, 60 Ohio St. 388, 401,

54 N.E. 364 (1899), paragraph one of the syllabus. However, when extrinsic evidence

does not clarify the meaning of the contract, the court applies the secondary rule of

contract construction and strictly construes the ambiguous language against the drafter of

the contract. Reida v. Thermal Seal, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 02AP-308, 2002-Ohio-6968,

¶ 29. See also Graham v. Drydock Coal Co., 76 Ohio St. 3d 311, 314, 667 N.E.2d 949

(1996).

       {¶ 22} Here, the relevant language of the partnership agreement is set forth in

Paragraphs 11, 18 and 19, as follows:

9.
             11. Determining Accrual Basis Capital Accounts of Partners:

             ***

             (3) Liability for amounts due to a withdrawn partner or partners will

      not be considered except where a partner enters into competition with the

      partnership within 24 months of a voluntary withdrawal. In that instance,

      the withdrawing partner will be charged for and will be liable for his

      current earnings percentage of the total outstanding retirement obligation of

      the partnership to all withdrawn partners at the time of withdrawal. * * *

             18. Dissolution Because of Withdrawal * * *:

             A. Withdrawal: Any partner may elect to withdraw from the

      partnership upon giving the other partners 60 days prior written notice as

      provided in Paragraph 24I.

             (1) Removal of a Partner: A partner shall not be subject to removal

      as a partner except by a unanimous vote of the remaining partners. It shall

      be the policy of the partnership that except in unusual cases (such as

      material inability, incapability of performing services adequately to the

      satisfaction of the other partners and the clients, or creating discord among

      the partners of employees or repeated inadequate service or performance as

      a partner[)], in the good faith opinion of the partners, no partner shall be

      removed otherwise than for (a) gross misconduct, loss of professional

      license, conviction of a crime of such character as seriously injures the

10.
      general reputation of the partnership or renders the partner incapable of

      reasonably performing his duties as a partner of the partnership or (b)

      willful failure or neglect (after written notice from the partnership)

      reasonably to devote substantially his full time and energies in good faith to

      the welfare of the partnership. However, if there is a unanimous vote of all

      the partners (excluding the partner in question) such partner shall be subject

      to removal. Such a removal, being an involuntary withdrawal, shall be

      deemed an election by the partner to withdraw pursuant to Paragraph 19

      hereof and a withdrawal under this Paragraph 18. Written notice of such

      removal shall be given to the affected partner at least 60 days prior to

      removal. * * *

             C. Valuation of Partnership Interest: Subject to Paragraph 19, the

      value of the interest of a withdrawing * * * partner, shall be valued as of

      the end of the calendar month closest to the effective date of dissolution,

      namely, the prior month if such date is earlier than the first 15 days of the

      month[,] or the end of the next month, if such date is on the 15th or later

      day of a calendar month and shall be the sum of:

             (1) His ABC account;

             (2) His Retirement Value Account.* * *

11.
      19. Withdrawal:

             A. Upon withdrawal of a partner, the partnership shall liquidate the

      withdrawing partner’s interest in the partnership at the price set forth in

      Paragraph 18C except in the case of a partner who voluntarily withdraws

      and goes into competition with the partnership. In that instance, his

      Accrual Basis Capital Account will be reduced by charging his current

      earning percentage to the total outstanding retirement obligation to all

      retired partners at that time, as stated in Paragraph 11A(3).

             B. Withdrawal and Continuation in Practice: In the event a

      withdrawing partner continues in the practice of public accounting, he will

      be permitted to take the accounts (client) he services. However, if such

      partner should voluntarily withdraw, he shall receive his Retirement Value

      Account only to the extent of the value of the accounts taken with him (as

      described at Subparagraph (2)b which follows). This paragraph is intended

      to clarify the mechanics by which a withdrawing partner takes accounts and

      the valuation thereof and to distinguish between voluntary and involuntary

      withdrawal.

             (1) The partner shall pay the partnership the average of the three (3)

      years’ billing to all clients taken based on the partnership’s three (3) most

      recently completed fiscal years preceding the date of withdrawal.* * * In

      addition, 120 days after withdrawal, the withdrawing partner shall purchase

12.
       all outstanding accounts receivable on accounts he takes. The total value of

       business and accounts receivable will be used to reduce amounts due the

       withdrawing partner in accordance with Paragraph 18C of this Agreement.

       The provisions of this paragraph will apply to all accounts transferred

       during the two-year period commencing on the day after the effective

       withdrawal date of the partner. * * *

       {¶ 23} Appellant argued, in support of summary judgment, the intent in drafting

the language in Paragraph 18.A.(1) was to protect the remaining partners in the event a

partner was removed and proceeded to take partnership clientele to his or her new

practice. Specifically, appellant asserted that in that instance “[s]uch a removal, being an

involuntary withdrawal, shall be deemed an election[,]” and this clause of the partnership

agreement operated to treat the removed partner as if she had voluntarily withdrawn. The

word “elect” is used immediately above, in Paragraph 18.A., and in that provision it

states that “[a]ny partner may elect to withdraw from the partnership.”

       {¶ 24} Appellant, consistent with this construction, treated appellee as if she had

voluntarily withdrawn when she was removed as a partner. According to appellant,

appellee was then subject to Paragraphs 11.A.(3) and 19.B. because she proceeded to take

clients and compete with the partnership. As a result, her ABC account was reduced,

which charged “current earning percentage to the total outstanding retirement obligation

to all retired partners at that time[.]” According to appellant, appellee was also then

13.
responsible for paying “the partnership the average of three (3) years billings to all clients

taken[,]” as required under Paragraph 19.B.(1).

       {¶ 25} Appellee opposed the summary judgment and supported her position

regarding the breach of contract claim by asserting that she did not draft the partnership

agreement, and the removal provision of Paragraph 18.A.(1) was explained to her prior to

entering into the partnership agreement, “to protect partners against unfair removal.”

Appellee argued she did not voluntarily quit or withdraw as a partner. Appellee asserted

any reading of Paragraph 18 which required her, as a removed partner, to be treated as if

she voluntarily withdrew from the partnership was “inequitable, unfair, ambiguous, and

* * * unenforceable[.]”

       {¶ 26} The trial court found, in granting summary judgment to appellee that

paragraph 19 of the partnership agreement prevented appellee’s removal from being

considered a “voluntary withdrawal” from the partnership, and Paragraph 18A.(1) did not

control appellee’s withdrawal from the partnership because the partnership was not

dissolved.

       {¶ 27} Our review of the record shows both parties acknowledged appellee

executed the partnership agreement. Moreover, we find the partnership agreement is a

binding contract. An examination of the language in Paragraphs 11 and 19 of the

partnership agreement reveals the language is clear and unambiguous. More particularly,

in Paragraph 19.B., there is a definite distinction made between a partner who voluntarily

withdraws and one who involuntarily withdraws. That relevant section reads “[t]his

14.
paragraph is intended to clarify the mechanics by which a withdrawing partner takes

accounts and the valuation thereof and to distinguish between voluntary and involuntary

withdrawal.” As this language of the partnership agreement is unambiguous, we must

enforce it, not interpret it.

       {¶ 28} With respect to Paragraph 18, it is entitled “Dissolution Because of

Withdrawal * * * of a Partner.” However, only subparagraph B of Paragraph 18

discusses the dissolution of the partnership. Paragraph 18.A.(1), C. and D. make no

mention of dissolution. The language of Paragraph 18.A.(1) sets forth the manner in

which a partner may withdraw as well as the method by which a partner can be removed.

The language of Paragraph 18.C. describes how to value the partnership interest of a

withdrawing (or disabled or deceased) partner, while the language of Paragraph 18.D.

characterizes certain payments and monies for tax purposes. We find that Paragraph 18

addresses more than merely the dissolution of the partnership, thus the title of Paragraph

18 is not dispositive of the entire scope of information included in that paragraph. We

therefore find Paragraph 18.A.(1) applies to situations, where, as here, a partner must

withdraw from the partnership due to removal, yet the partnership is not dissolved.

       {¶ 29} The relevant portion of Paragraph 18.A.(1) states “[s]uch a removal, being

an involuntary withdrawal, shall be deemed an election to withdraw pursuant to

Paragraph 19 hereof and a withdrawal under this Paragraph 18.” We find, based on our

de novo review and giving effect to the words used and not deleting or inserting words,

that this language is ambiguous. The phrase “shall be deemed an election to withdraw”

15.
followed by “[s]uch a removal, being an involuntary withdrawal,” is unclear and creates a

conflict. Moreover, the term “voluntary withdrawal” is not used in Paragraph 18.A.(1),

but Paragraph 19 is referenced, which does use the term “voluntary withdrawal.”

Paragraph 18.A.(1) also refers to “this Paragraph 18,” which employs the term “elect to

withdraw” but not “voluntary withdrawal.” Since the language of Paragraph 18.A.(1) is

conflicting and reasonably susceptible to more than one interpretation, we must look to

extrinsic evidence to discover the parties’ intent.

       {¶ 30} An examination of the record shows there is no direct evidence of the intent

of the parties. Appellant offered evidence which implied that a removed partner would

be treated as if the partner had voluntarily withdrawn, under Paragraph 18.A.(1) of the

partnership agreement. In contrast, appellee presented evidence that she did not

voluntarily quit or withdraw as a partner and the removal provision in Paragraph

18.A.(1), as explained to her, “was established to protect partners against unfair

removal.”

       {¶ 31} We find the extrinsic evidence submitted by the parties does not clarify the

meaning of Paragraph 18.A.(1) of the partnership agreement. Thus, we must strictly

construe the ambiguous language of the partnership agreement against the drafter.

Appellant drafted the partnership agreement. Construing the language in Paragraph

18.A.(1) against appellant, we find the removal of a partner to be an involuntary

withdrawal from the partnership.

16.
       {¶ 32} Upon review of the record, the evidence is undisputed that appellee was

removed as a partner. As such, appellee involuntarily withdrew from the partnership.

Pursuant to Paragraph 19.A., “[u]pon withdrawal of a partner, the partnership shall

liquidate the withdrawing partner’s interest in the partnership at the price set forth in

Paragraph 18.C. * * *.” Paragraph 18.C. provides the value of the interest of the

withdrawing partner (appellee) is the sum of her ABC account and her RV account.

There is no provision in the partnership agreement to reduce the ABC account or RV

account when the involuntary withdrawal of a partner occurs. Therefore, neither

Paragraph 11.A.(3) or the portion of Paragraph 19.B which references the retirement

value account applies.

       {¶ 33} The record further shows after appellee involuntarily withdrew from the

partnership, she did engage some of appellant’s clients in her new practice. Paragraph

19.B. states, “[i]n the event a withdrawing partner continues in the practice of public

accounting, he will be permitted to take the accounts (client) he services. * * * (1) The

partner shall pay the partnership the average of the three (3) years billing to all clients

* * *. In addition, 120 days after withdrawal, the withdrawing partner shall purchase all

outstanding accounts receivable on accounts he takes.” Appellee owes this sum to

appellant, and pursuant to Paragraph 19.B.(1), “[t]he total value of business and accounts

receivable will be used to reduce amounts due the withdrawing partner in accordance

with Paragraph 18C of this Agreement.” Thus, appellee is entitled to the full amounts of

her ABC and RV accounts, valued as of November 30, 2014, pursuant to Paragraph

17.
18.C., less the amounts she owes appellant for the clients she took, as well the

outstanding accounts receivable on the accounts she took. The trial court shall determine

the exact amounts on remand.

       {¶ 34} Based upon the foregoing, we find appellee did breach the partnership

agreement to the extent that she owes appellant certain monies pursuant to Paragraph

19.B. Accordingly, appellant’s first assignment of error is well-taken, in part, and not

well-taken, in part.

                              Second Assignment of Error

       {¶ 35} In the second assigned error, appellant asserts the court erred in entering

summary judgment in favor of appellee on her claims for wrongful termination and

breach of contract. Appellee argues the court did not err because she was not properly

notified of or invited to the “special meeting” or given a chance to challenge her unfair

removal.

       {¶ 36} With respect to the wrongful termination claim, a review of the record

shows appellant moved for summary judgment as to this claim and supported its position

with averments in Lee D. Wunschel’s affidavit concerning appellee’s performance as a

partner. Appellee also moved for summary judgment as to her wrongful termination

claim, but offered no evidence in support of this claim. Since appellant presented

evidence that appellee was not wrongfully terminated, and appellee failed to provide

evidence that she was wrongfully terminated, appellant met its summary judgment

burden as to this claim while appellee failed to meet her burden. See Civ.R. 56, Vahila v.

18.
Hall, 77 Ohio St. 3d 421, 429-30, 674 N.E.2d 1164 and Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St. 3d
280, 293, 662 N.E.2d 264.    Therefore, appellant was entitled to summary judgment on

appellee’s wrongful termination claim, and appellee was not entitled to summary

judgment on her wrongful termination claim. Accordingly, appellant’s second

assignment of error is well-taken as to this claim.

       {¶ 37} With respect to the breach of contract claim, a review of the record shows

appellee met her burden of showing appellant breached the partnership agreement by not

paying her interest in the partnership upon her withdrawal, as required under Paragraph

19.A. It follows that appellee was entitled to summary judgment on her breach of

contract claim. Accordingly, appellant’s second assignment of error is not well-taken as

to this claim.

                                        Conclusion

       {¶ 38} The judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed, in

part, and reversed, in part. The matter is remanded to proceed in a manner consistent

with this decision. Appellant and appellee are ordered to split the costs of this appeal

pursuant to App.R. 24.

                                                                Judgment affirmed, in part,
                                                                     and reversed, in part.

19.
                                                         LublinSussman Group LLP v. Lee
                                                         C.A. No. L-17-1077

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27.
See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.

Mark L. Pietrykowski, J.                        _______________________________
                                                            JUDGE
Arlene Singer, J.
CONCUR.                                         _______________________________
                                                            JUDGE

Christine E. Mayle, P.J.                         _______________________________
CONCURS IN PART AND                                          JUDGE
DISSENTS IN PART.

       MAYLE, P.J.

       {¶ 39} I concur with the majority’s findings that the appellee breached the

partnership agreement and that the appellee is not entitled to summary judgment on her

wrongful-termination counterclaim. Unlike the majority, however, I believe that the

partnership agreement is unambiguous in that it explicitly provides that removal by

unanimous partner vote is deemed “an election by the partner to withdraw,” which is

synonymous with a “voluntary withdrawal,” for purposes of calculating the withdrawing

partner’s ABC and RV accounts and corresponding set-offs under Paragraphs 18 and 19

of the contract. Accordingly, I dissent to the extent that I would reverse the trial court’s

20.
judgment and enter judgment for appellant on its breach-of-contract claim and remand for

a full determination of damages as required by Paragraphs 18 and 19 (first assignment of

error), and reverse and enter judgment for appellant on both counterclaims (second

assignment of error).

       {¶ 40} The relevant sentence of Paragraph 18.A.(1) states, in full: “Such a

removal [by unanimous vote of all other partners], being an involuntary withdrawal, shall

be deemed an election by the partner to withdraw pursuant to Paragraph 19 hereof and a

withdrawal under this Paragraph 18.” (Emphasis added.) The majority finds this

provision ambiguous and, absent extrinsic evidence of the parties’ intent, interprets the

provision against the drafter (appellant) and concludes that a removal by unanimous

partner vote is an involuntary withdrawal. That interpretation, however, renders the

italicized portion of Paragraph 18.A.(1) meaningless. “When interpreting a contract, we

will presume that words are used for a specific purpose and will avoid interpretations that

render portions meaningless or unnecessary.” Wohl v. Swinney, 118 Ohio St. 3d 277,

2008-Ohio-2334, 888 N.E.2d 1062, ¶ 22. “In determining the meaning of the contract, a

court must consider all of its parts, and no provision should be wholly disregarded as

inconsistent with the other provisions unless no other reasonable construction is

possible.” Reams v. Reams, 6th Dist. Lucas Nos. L-04-1276 and L-04-1329, 2005-Ohio-

5264, ¶ 22.

       {¶ 41} Rather than rendering a portion of Paragraph 18.A.(1) meaningless, I

believe that the court can harmonize the seemingly conflicting provisions of the contract

21.
by considering the “plain and ordinary” meaning of the language used in those provisions

and thereby give meaning and purpose to all of its parts. Sunoco, Inc. (R&M) v. Toledo

Edison Co., 129 Ohio St. 3d 397, 2011-Ohio-2720, 953 N.E.2d 285, ¶ 37 (When

interpreting a contract, a court should look to “the plain and ordinary meaning of the

language used in the contract unless another meaning is clearly apparent from the

contents of the agreement.”); see also Reams at ¶ 22, quoting State Auto. Ins. Co. v.

Childress, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-960376, 1997 Ohio App. LEXIS 88 (Jan. 15, 1997)

(“‘[c]onstruction of the contract should attempt to harmonize all of the provisions rather

than create conflicts in them’ * * *.”).

       {¶ 42} In my view, the beginning portion of the relevant sentence of Paragraph

18.A.(1)—“Such a removal [by unanimous vote of all other partners], being an

involuntary withdrawal * * *”―simply recognizes the reality of the situation absent an

agreement to the contrary: i.e., the partner is being involuntarily removed from the

partnership. “Involuntary,” as relevant here, means “dictated by authority or

circumstance : COMPULSORY.” Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the

English Language Unabridged 1191 (1961). The provision then specifies that,

notwithstanding the otherwise “involuntary” nature of the withdrawal, the parties agree to

treat the withdrawal in a different manner. That is, the parties agreed that such an

involuntary withdrawal “shall be deemed” to be (1) “an election by the partner to

withdraw pursuant to Paragraph 19 hereof” and (2) “a withdrawal under this Paragraph

18.”

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       {¶ 43} Looking first to Paragraph 18, that paragraph provides: “A. Withdrawal:

Any partner may elect to withdraw from the partnership upon giving the other partners 60

days prior written notice * * *.” (Emphasis added.) And although Paragraph 19 does not

use the exact phrase that is used in Paragraph 18.A.(1) (i.e., “an election by the partner to

withdraw”), it does detail the financial implications for a partner who “voluntarily

withdraws and goes into competition with the partnership.” (Emphasis added.) Reading

the contract as a whole and harmonizing its parts, it appears that the normal mechanism

for a “voluntary withdrawal” under Paragraph 19 is the procedure outlined in Paragraph

18.A.: i.e., the voluntarily withdrawing partner must provide 60-days’ prior written

notice that he or she “elect[s] to withdraw” from the partnership. In other words, an

“election to withdraw” and a “voluntary withdrawal” are one and the same. Moreover,

the plain and ordinary meaning of the words “voluntary” and “elect,” when used in this

context, are virtually synonymous. The word “voluntary” means “proceeding from the

will : produced in or by an act of choice,” and “elect,” when used as a transitive verb,

means “to make a selection of : CHOOSE” or “to choose (a course of action) esp. by

preference : decide upon.” Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English

Language Unabridged 731, 2564 (1961).

       {¶ 44} Thus, when the various provisions of Paragraphs 18 and 19 are read

together according to their plain and ordinary meaning, there is no conflict or ambiguity:

in Paragraph 18.A.(1), the parties agreed that the removal of a partner by unanimous vote

of the other partners, which would otherwise be an “involuntary withdrawal,” shall be

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deemed an “election by the partner to withdraw”―which is synonymous with a

“voluntary withdrawal”―for purposes of calculating the withdrawing partner’s ABC and

RV accounts and corresponding set-offs under Paragraphs 18 and 19 of the contract.

      {¶ 45} Accordingly, I would reverse and enter judgment for appellant on its

breach-of-contract claim and remand for a full determination of damages as required by

Paragraphs 18 and 19 (first assignment of error), and reverse and enter judgment for

appellant on both counterclaims (second assignment of error).

           This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of
      Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported
           version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at:
                    http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.

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