Court Opinion

ID: 47310
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 23:20:23+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:57:04.753792
License: Public Domain

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

             IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                     FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT            FILED
                       ________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                                         ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                             No. 05-12796                  MARCH 28, 2006
                         Non-Argument Calendar            THOMAS K. KAHN
                                                              CLERK
                       ________________________

                 D. C. Docket No. 02-00522-CV-J-20-TEM

RUBEN LEE RUSSELL EL-AMIN,

                                                   Petitioner-Appellant,

                                  versus

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                   Respondent-Appellee.

                       ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                    for the Middle District of Florida
                     _________________________

                            (March 28, 2006)

Before DUBINA, HULL and FAY, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
      Ruben Lee Russell El-Amin, a federal prisoner, appeals pro se the district

court’s order denying his “motion to reopen habeas judgment as a result of fraud

upon the court,” which he filed pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b). Because El-Amin

filed his original 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion after the effective date of the

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (“the AEDPA”), Pub.L.

No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214 (1996), its provisions govern this appeal. El-Amin

argues on appeal that he was entitled to Rule 60(b) relief because, five days after

his criminal judgment was entered, he filed his motion for appointment of counsel,

wherein he expressly stated that he was appealing his convictions and sentences,

but the district court did not construe this as a notice of appeal (“NOA”). For the

reasons set forth more fully below, we affirm, but remand for the limited purpose

of allowing the district court to amend its order to reflect that El-Amin’s Rule

60(b) motion is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.

      El-Amin filed the instant pro se motion to reopen his § 2255 proceedings,

pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b), asserting “fraud upon the court.” El-Amin

specifically contended that the district court, the prosecutor in his underlying

criminal case, and “other unknown conspirators” had “[bought] the silence of” El-

Amin’s last appointed counsel and had conspired to deprive El-Amin of his right to

a direct appeal. El-Amin also argued in this Rule 60(b) motion that (1) the district

                                           2
court had (1) committed fraud by approving funds under the Criminal Justice Act

(“CJA”) for the defense counsel who had represented El-Amin at sentencing, and

(2) continued to “cover-up [] the fraud” in this case.

      Prior to El-Amin filing this Rule 60(b) motion, a federal grand jury had

charged him with seven counts of making false claims against the United States, in

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 287, and five counts of making and using false W-2 forms,

in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001. Although the district court appointed three

separate attorneys to represent El-Amin, it allowed each, on El-Amin’s motion, to

withdraw their representation. El-Amin, thereafter, waived his right to counsel and

was granted leave by the court to proceed pro se, with stand-by counsel.

      Five days before El-Amin’s trial was set to begin, he moved to “withdraw”

his pro se status. On the following day, El-Amin and the government filed a plea

agreement. The magistrate judge appointed El-Amin stand-by counsel for the

purpose of assisting El-Amin at his change-of-plea hearing. El-Amin consented to

having the magistrate conduct his change-of-plea hearing, at which he pled guilty

to three counts of making false claims against the United States. At the conclusion

of this hearing, the magistrate recommended that the court accept the plea.

      Six days later, El-Amin moved pro se to withdraw his plea. The court,

nevertheless, adopted the magistrate’s recommendation to accept the plea and

                                           3
adjudged El-Amin guilty. On El-Amin’s motion, however, the court appointed

new counsel to represent him at sentencing. The court sentenced El-Amin to 82

months’ imprisonment. At the conclusion of the hearing, the court also allowed

El-Amin’s counsel, appointed for purposes of sentencing, to withdraw, advised El-

Amin of his right to appellate counsel, and instructed El-Amin to file a written

motion if he wished to have counsel appointed.

      El-Amin subsequently moved the court to appoint counsel on appeal. The

court, however, denied this motion, determining that El-Amin had forfeited his

right to counsel by (1) filing a civil suit and a bar proceeding, (2) threatening to file

a bar proceeding against each of his five appointed attorneys, and (3) accusing each

of these attorneys of ineffectiveness and misconduct. The court also determined

that El-Amin was capable of representing himself and of filing his own NOA. El-

Amin failed to file a direct appeal.

      El-Amin, instead, filed a pro se § 2255 motion, asserting: (1) the court

induced his guilty plea by making comments at the end of his suppression hearing;

(2) the magistrate induced his guilty plea by making improper comments at his

change-of-plea hearing; (3) the court erred in denying his motion to withdraw his

involuntary guilty plea; and (4) the court denied him his right to a direct appeal and

to appellate counsel. The district court denied El-Amin’s § 2255 motion on the

                                            4
merits. (R4-214). In his application for a certificate of appealability (“COA”)

before this Court, El-Amin asserted, inter alia, that his appeal rights were denied

despite his statement of an intent to appeal in his motion for appointment of

counsel. We granted a COA, but limited our review to whether the district court

had erred in denying El-Amin’s claim that his guilty plea was involuntary because

he had moved to withdraw it prior to the court’s acceptance of his plea. On appeal,

we answered this question in the negative and affirmed the district court’s denial of

El-Amin’s § 2255 motion. El-Amin subsequently filed the instant Rule 60(b)

motion.

      The district court summarily denied this Rule 60(b) motion. El-Amin filed

an NOA and an application for a COA, alleging fraud from the denials of his right

to appeal and appointment of counsel. The district court denied him a COA. We,

however, granted him a COA on: “[w]hether El-Amin is entitled to relief under

Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(6) when, five days after his criminal judgment was entered, he

filed his motion for appointment of counsel, wherein he expressly stated that he

was appealing his convictions and sentences, but the district court did not construe

this as a notice of appeal.”

      El-Amin argues on appeal that, although Rule 60(b)(6) is an extraordinary

remedy, he should have been granted relief because he included in his Rule 60(b)

                                          5
motion “undisputed facts of reckless disregard for the truth” by the government

and an abrogation of the judicial function by the court. El-Amin also contends that

the district court’s failure to liberally construe his motion for appointment of

appellate counsel as an NOA, and its denial of his § 2255 motion, amounted to a

“travesty of justice” because, as a result, he lost both his right to a direct appeal and

his protections under the Writ of Habeas Corpus. Additionally, El-Amin contends

that, had he not been deprived of his right to a direct appeal, he could have raised

concerns he had about his plea colloquy.1

       We review the denial of a Rule 60(b) motion for an abuse of discretion.

Farris v. United States, 333 F.3d 1211, 1216 (11th Cir. 2003). On the other hand,

we review a district court’s legal conclusions in a § 2255 proceeding de novo and

the underlying facts for clear error. Id. Additionally, we “review de novo

questions concerning the jurisdiction of the district court.” United States v. Oliver,

148 F.3d 1274, 1275 (11th Cir. 1998).

       As a preliminary matter, we are obligated to raise questions concerning our

subject matter jurisdiction sua sponte in all cases. Boone v. Sec’y, Dep’t of

       1
           To the extent El-Amin also is arguing in his reply brief that the government abandoned
its right to file a response brief by neither filing a timely brief, nor alleging excusable neglect, we
have granted the government’s “motion for reconsideration of denial of motion for extension of
time or, in the alternative, motion to file brief out of time.”

                                                   6
Corrections, 377 F.3d 1315, 1316 (11th Cir. 2004). Appellate review normally is

limited to the issues specified in the COA. Murray v. United States, 145 F.3d

1249, 1250-51 (11th Cir. 1998). To the extent El-Amin’s Rule 60(b) motion was

challenging the district court’s judgment denying his prior § 2255 motion, he

needed, and obtained, a COA. See also Gonzalez v. Sec’y for Dep’t of

Corrections, 366 F.3d 1253, 1263 (11th Cir. 2004) (en banc) (holding that a COA

is required for the appeal of any denial of a Rule 60(b) motion for relief from a

judgment in a § 2254 or § 2255 proceedings), aff’d on other grounds sub nom.,

Gonzalez v. Crosby, 125 S.Ct. 2641 (2005).2

       The COA here only includes: “[w]hether El-Amin is entitled to relief under

Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(6) when, five days after his criminal judgment was entered, he

filed his motion for appointment of counsel, wherein he expressly stated that he

was appealing his convictions and sentences, but the district court did not construe

this as a notice of appeal.” Nevertheless, to the extent El-Amin is arguing that he

was seeking relief in his Rule 60(b) motion from the underlying criminal judgment,

instead of from the district court’s denial of his first § 2255 motion, he was not

required to obtain a COA. See Gonzalez, 366 F.3d at 1263. Thus, despite its

       2
          We recently explained that, although the Supreme Court in Gonzalez did not endorse
our position as to this COA requirement, it also did not disturb it. See Jackson v. Crosby, No.
04-15992, manuscript op. at 8-9 (11th Cir. Feb. 2, 2006) (citation omitted).

                                                7
absence from our COA, El-Amin’s argument that he was entitled to relief based on

fraud also is reviewable on appeal.

      Under Rule 60(b)(3), a court may relieve a party from a final judgment

based on “fraud . . . misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party.”

See Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(3). “Most of the provisions of Rule 60(b), which vest

courts with broad discretion to reopen judgments on a wide variety of grounds, are

inconsistent and irreconcilable with the AEDPA’s purpose, which is to greatly

restrict the power of federal courts to award relief to [] prisoners who file second or

successive habeas corpus applications.” Gonzalez, 366 F.3d at 1271. Thus, we

concluded in Gonzalez that the AEDPA’s successive-petition rules in

§§ 2244(b)(3)(A) and 2255 generally apply to Rule 60(b) motions seeking relief

from a judgment denying § 2255 relief. Id. at 1262. Furthermore, although the

Supreme Court, in affirming in part our decision in Gonzalez, rejected our broad

rule regarding when a Rule 60(b) motion seeking relief from a final judgment in a

habeas petition should be treated as a “second or successive habeas corpus

application” under § 2244(b)(3)(A), it agreed that a motion for relief from

judgment in a § 2254 proceeding is properly characterized as “second or

                                           8
successive” if, among other things, it attacks a previous resolution of a claim on the

merits. Gonzalez, ___ U.S. at ___, 125 S.Ct. at 2648-49.3

       We have determined that Rule 60(b) motions are not subject to § 2244's

prohibition on successive habeas petitions if “there was fraud upon the federal

court which led to the denial of the habeas petition.” See Gonzalez, 366 F.3d at

1278. This fraud exception to § 2244's prohibition on successive § 2255 motions,

however, only applies “where the fraud was perpetrated on the federal court and

resulted in the denial of federal habeas relief, not where the fraud was perpetrated

on a [trial] court.” See id. at 1284. In generally arguing that the district court, in

denying his § 2255 motion, covered up the original criminal conspiracy between

the court, prosecution, and defense to deny El-Amin of his right to a direct appeal,

El-Amin did not explain how the court’s denial of his § 2255 motion affected the

“integrity” of his § 2255 proceedings. See also Gonzalez, ___ U.S. at ___, 125

S.Ct. at 2648 n.5. Instead, he was reasserting a claim he, in essence, raised in his

first § 2255 motion, and which relates to alleged fraud in the trial proceedings, not

in the § 2255 proceedings.

       3
          In Gonzalez, the Supreme Court clarified that a Rule 60(b) motion attacking a defect in
the “integrity of the federal habeas proceedings,” as opposed to attacking the merits of the
court’s previous habeas decision, is not barred by the AEDPA’s restrictions on successive
petitions. See Gonzalez, ___ U.S. at ___, 125 S.Ct. at 2648 n.5. Additionally, in United States
v. Terrell, No. 02-14997 (11th Cir. 2005) (unpub.), we explained as persuasive authority that,
although Gonzalez decided this issue only under § 2254, “its holding and rationale appl[ied]
equally to § 2255, and [] it control[led] the disposition of [the] appeal.”

                                                9
      Thus, to the extent El-Amin was seeking relief under Rule 60(b)(3), he was

subject to the restrictions for second or successive § 2255 motions. See Gonzalez,

366 F.3d at 1284. The AEDPA provides that, to file a second or successive § 2255

motion, the movant must first file an application with the appropriate court of

appeals for an order authorizing the district court to consider it. See 28 U.S.C.

§ 2244(b)(3)(A). Because the record does not reflect that El-Amin obtained such

authorization, the district court lacked the authority to consider his motion pursuant

to Rule 60(b)(3).

      Furthermore, to the extent El-Amin was seeking relief from the district

court’s order denying him § 2255 relief, and he was relying on the “catch-all”

provision in Rule 60(b)(6), the district court may relieve a party from a final

judgment, order, or proceedings based on “any . . . reason justifying relief from the

operation of the judgment,” other than the more specific circumstances set out in

Rules 60(b)(1) through (5). See Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(6). El-Amin, however,

previously filed a § 2255 motion, which the district court denied on the merits.

Moreover, he was challenging a previous resolution of claims on the merits. See

Gonzalez, ___ U.S. at ___, 125 S.Ct. at 2648-49. El-Amin’s Rule 60(b) motion,

therefore, was “a second or successive” § 2255 motion, and he had to obtain our

authorization to file it. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 2244(b)(3)(A), 2255. Thus, the district

                                          10
court also lacked jurisdiction over his motion as filed under Rule 60(b)(6), and we

decline to review the substantive claim on which we granted COA. See Farris, 333

F.3d at 1216 (explaining that, without authorization, the district court lacks

jurisdiction to consider a second or successive motion); see also United States v.

Nyhuis, 211 F.3d 1340, 1344 n.4 (11th Cir. 2000) (holding that the issuance of a

COA does not guarantee consideration of a movant’s underlying constitutional

claims, and that we should not decide a constitutional question if there also is

present some other procedural ground on which the case may be disposed).

       Nevertheless, when a person files an unauthorized or successive motion to

vacate without having obtained the appropriate authorization from the court of

appeals, as in the instant case, the proper remedy is for the district court to dismiss

the claims raised in the motion. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(2)-(3). Here, the district

court, instead, summarily denied El-Amin’s Rule 60(b) motion. Accordingly, we

affirm, but remand for the limited purpose of allowing the district court to modify

its order to reflect that El-Amin’s Rule 60(b) motion is dismissed for lack of

jurisdiction.

       AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED.

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