Court Opinion

ID: 9385000
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-05 19:00:33.996806+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:59.336427
License: Public Domain

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
                                 File Name: 23a0157n.06

                                         Case No. 22-1102
                                                                                        FILED
                           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                          Apr 05, 2023
                                FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT                         DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk

                                                     )
RJ CONTROL CONSULTANTS,                   INC.;
                                                     )
PAUL E. ROGERS,
                                                     )
       Plaintiffs-Appellants,                        )       ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
                                                     )       STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR
v.                                                   )       THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF
                                                     )       MICHIGAN
MULTIJECT, LLC; RSW TECHNOLOGIES,                    )
LLC; JACK ELDER,                                     )                                    OPINION
       Defendants-Appellees.                         )
                                                     )

Before: GIBBONS, BUSH, and MATHIS, Circuit Judges.

       MATHIS, Circuit Judge. This matter concerns a long-running dispute between two

former friends and business colleagues regarding the alleged infringement of a copyright on

software code used in an industrial control system. Plaintiffs RJ Control Consultants, Inc. and its

sole shareholder, Paul Rogers (collectively, “Plaintiffs”), now appeal the district court’s order

granting a motion to disqualify Plaintiffs’ proposed expert witness and the grant of summary

judgment to Defendants Multiject, LLC, its sole owner, Jack Elder, and RSW Technologies, LLC

(collectively, “Defendants”). Because the district court’s order was not a final decision, we dismiss

the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

       On March 1, 2016, RJ Control filed its complaint against Multiject, Elder, and RSW. On

March 28, 2016, Multiject and Elder filed an answer and counterclaim. On June 9, 2017, RJ

Control amended its complaint to add Rogers as a plaintiff. The amended complaint included
No. 22-1102, R.J. Control Consultants Inc. et al. v. Multiject LLC, et al.

several federal and state-law claims: (1) copyright infringement, (2) trademark infringement, (3)

violation of the Michigan Consumer Protection Act, (4) breach of contract, (5) unjust enrichment,

(6) conversion, and (7) tortious interference with contract/business expectancy. On June 29, 2017,

Multiject and Elder filed their amended counterclaim. The amended counterclaim alleged state-

law claims for breach of contract, breach of implied contract, unjust enrichment,

misrepresentation, setoff and recoupment, and declaratory relief.

       Defendants moved for summary judgment on Plaintiffs’ claims. The district court granted

the motions as to the federal claims, dismissed Plaintiffs’ state-law claims without prejudice after

declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction, and entered a judgment dismissing the case.

Neither the order nor the judgment referenced Multiject and Elder’s amended counterclaim.

       After the district court denied Plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration, Plaintiffs appealed the

district court’s decision on the federal claims. We affirmed the district court’s dismissal of the

infringement claims related to technical drawings but reversed the grant of summary judgment on

the software copyright claim. RJ Control Consultants, Inc. v. Multiject, LLC, 981 F.3d 446, 459

(6th Cir. 2020). On remand, Defendants again moved for summary judgment on the federal

copyright claim and the district court, after disqualifying Plaintiffs’ proposed expert witness, again

granted summary judgment to Defendants. On January 18, 2022, the district court entered a

judgment dismissing the amended complaint with prejudice. Again, the district court did not

reference Multiject and Elder’s amended counterclaim in the order or judgment. This appeal

followed.

       Though the issue of subject matter jurisdiction was not raised by the parties, “it is beyond

question that federal courts have a continuing obligation to inquire into the basis of subject-matter

jurisdiction to satisfy themselves that jurisdiction to entertain an action exists.” Campanella

                                                -2-
No. 22-1102, R.J. Control Consultants Inc. et al. v. Multiject LLC, et al.

v. Com. Exch. Bank, 137 F.3d 885, 890 (6th Cir. 1998). Under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we have appellate

jurisdiction over a final decision of the district court, which is one that “ends the litigation on the

merits and leaves nothing for the court to do but execute the judgment.” Catlin v. United States,

324 U.S. 229, 233 (1945). “In the absence of a Rule 54(b) certification, an order disposing of

fewer than all of the asserted claims is not appealable as a final judgment.” Good v. Ohio Edison

Co., 104 F.3d 93, 95 (6th Cir. 1997).

       Post-remand, the district court entered a judgment dismissing the amended complaint.

Multiject and Elder’s amended counterclaim is not referenced in the district court’s post-remand

judgment, nor is it mentioned in any other orders or judgments entered by the district court.

Additionally, the district court’s post-remand judgment was not certified as an appealable order

under Rule 54(b). See Murray v. Bank One, Columbus, N.A., 765 F.2d 145, 1985 WL 13327, at

*1 (6th Cir. 1985).

       None of the parties moved for dismissal or summary judgment on the amended

counterclaim. Indeed, after the amended counterclaim was filed in July 2017, the only clear

reference to it—other than in deposition transcripts—is a brief mention in Multiject and Elder’s

post-remand summary judgment motion.

       Because the district court did not adjudicate Multiject and Elder’s amended counterclaim,

its judgment did not dispose of all the claims in this action. And at oral argument, Multiject and

Elder declined to relinquish their claims for relief. See Rutherford v. Columbia Gas, 575 F.3d 616,

618 (6th Cir. 2009). Thus, there is no final decision. We therefore conclude that the pending

amended counterclaim forecloses our ability to address the merits of Plaintiffs’ appeal. See, e.g.,

Leico Int'l Corp. II v. Ohio State Univ. Rsch. Found., 202 F.3d 269, 2000 WL 32012, at *2–3 (6th

Cir. 2000) (per curiam) (dismissing for lack of jurisdiction when district court did not dismiss

                                                 -3-
No. 22-1102, R.J. Control Consultants Inc. et al. v. Multiject LLC, et al.

pending counterclaims); Agristor Leasing v. Mohr, 902 F.2d 32, 1990 WL 61132 (6th Cir. 1990)

(same); Toth v. Dixon, 791 F.2d 935, 1986 WL 16870 (6th Cir. 1986) (same); Murray, 1985 WL

13327, at *1 (same).

       For these reasons, we DISMISS Plaintiffs’ appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

                                               -4-