Court Opinion

ID: 4080114
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-10-06 00:01:50.62088+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:32:54.613448
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                            OCT 05 2016
 1                         NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                        SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK
 2                                                        U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
                                                          OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT

 3                  UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
 4                            OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 5   In re:                         )     BAP Nos.    CC-15-1032-KuKiTa
                                    )                 CC-15-1353-KuKiTa
 6   RUBEN GONZALEZ CUEVAS,         )
                                    )     Bk. No.     2:14-bk-32359-NB
 7                  Debtor.         )
     _______________________________)
 8                                  )
     RUBEN GONZALEZ CUEVAS          )
 9                                  )
                    Appellant.      )     MEMORANDUM*
10   _______________________________)
                                    )
11   RUBEN GONZALEZ CUEVAS; PHILIP )
     E. KOEBEL,                     )
12                                  )
                    Appellants,     )
13                                  )
     v.                             )
14                                  )
     STEVAN CHANDLER, Trustee of the)
15   Juliana Cuevas Living Trust;   )
     HEIDE KURTZ, Chapter 7 Trustee,)
16                                  )
                    Appellees.      )
17   _______________________________)
18                 Argued and Submitted on September 22, 2016
                             at Pasadena, California
19
                            Filed – October 5, 2016
20
                 Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
21                   for the Central District of California
22            Honorable Neil W. Bason, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding
23
24
25
26        *
           This disposition is not appropriate for publication.
27   Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may
     have (see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1), it has no precedential value.
28   See 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1.
 1   Appearances:    Philip E. Koebel argued for appellants.**
 2
     Before: KURTZ, KIRSCHER and TAYLOR, Bankruptcy Judges.
 3
 4                              INTRODUCTION
 5        Former chapter 131 debtor Ruben Gonzalez Cuevas appeals from
 6   the dismissal of his chapter 13 case based on the bankruptcy
 7   court’s finding of bad faith.   Cuevas and his counsel, Philip E.
 8   Koebel, also appeal from sanctions orders entered against Koebel
 9   under Rule 9011 and under the bankruptcy court’s inherent
10   authority.   None of Cuevas’ arguments challenging the dismissal
11   order justify reversal.   In addition, appellants failed to set
12   forth in their second amended joint appeal brief any arguments
13   specifically and distinctly challenging the sanctions orders.
14        Accordingly, we AFFIRM.
15                                   FACTS
16        Cuevas is more than 70 years old and survives on a small
17   military pension and Social Security benefits totaling, in
18   aggregate, roughly $1,070 per month.    For many years, Cuevas
19   lived in a house on Mariposa Street in Altadena, California.
20   Title to the house was held by the Juliana Cuevas Living Trust.
21
22        **
           Chandler and Kurtz only are appellees in the appeal from
23   the sanctions orders. As stated in this Panel’s order entered
     June 2, 2015, there is no appellee in the appeal from the
24   bankruptcy court’s dismissal order. Neither appellee actively
     participated in the sanctions appeal.
25
          1
26         Unless specified otherwise, all chapter and section
     references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532, and
27   all "Rule" references are to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy
     Procedure, Rules 1001-9037. All "Civil Rule" references are to
28   the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

                                       2
 1   Juliana was Cuevas’ mother.   The house is the trust’s only
 2   significant asset, and Cuevas’ sister Grace Dibble was named in
 3   the trust to serve as the trustee.   Upon Juliana’s death in 2005,
 4   the trust provided for the division of the trust’s beneficial
 5   interest into three equal shares, with Cuevas, Dibble and Cuevas’
 6   brother Daniel each to receive one share.
 7        In 2006, Dibble obtained an order from the probate court
 8   confirming the trust’s ownership of the house, and in 2007 Dibble
 9   obtained an order from the Los Angeles County Superior Court
10   entitling Dibble to recover possession of the house.   However,
11   two days before the scheduled eviction, Cuevas filed his
12   chapter 7 bankruptcy case, which has been pending since
13   October 2, 2007.   Almost immediately, Dibble sought and obtained
14   relief from the automatic stay; the order permitted her to
15   proceed with the state court litigation over ownership of the
16   house but did not permit her to evict Cuevas absent further order
17   of court.
18        At first, the chapter 7 trustee seemed content to rely upon
19   Dibble’s efforts to evict Cuevas and sell the house.   By the end
20   of 2009, however, the chapter 7 trustee had lost confidence in
21   Dibble’s efforts, so he moved the probate court to remove her and
22   to appoint a successor probate trustee.   Even though it was later
23   discovered that Dibble (apparently without notice or probate
24   court approval) had transferred title to the house from the
25   probate trust to a trust in her own name, it took the chapter 7
26   trustee until December 2012 to obtain a probate court order
27   permanently removing Dibble and appointing a successor probate
28   trustee – Stevan Chandler.

                                      3
 1        Dibble and Cuevas resisted Chandler’s efforts to,
 2   respectively, return title to the probate trust and to evict
 3   Cuevas and liquidate the house.    Meanwhile, after several years
 4   as a chapter 7 debtor, Cuevas filed a series of motions – all
 5   unsuccessful – seeking either to dismiss his chapter 7 case or to
 6   convert it to chapter 13.    He also sought to claim a homestead
 7   exemption in the house, but the bankruptcy court overruled
 8   Cuevas’ homestead exemption claim.    Because the house was owned
 9   by the probate trust and not by Cuevas, the court explained, he
10   did not have any interest in the house to exempt.
11        After recovering title to the house on behalf of the probate
12   trust in 2014, Chandler commenced an unlawful detainer action
13   against Cuevas, which was scheduled for trial in January 2015.
14   Even though Cuevas’ 2007 chapter 7 bankruptcy case was still
15   pending, Cuevas filed his chapter 13 petition in December 2014,
16   which effectively stayed the unlawful detainer trial.
17        Soon thereafter, the bankruptcy court sua sponte entered an
18   order to show cause why the new chapter 13 case should not be
19   dismissed.   In response, Cuevas argued that there was no per se
20   rule against him filing a chapter 13 case after receiving his
21   chapter 7 discharge but before his chapter 7 case had been fully
22   administered and closed.    Cuevas further argued that his
23   chapter 13 case had been filed in good faith and for a legitimate
24   purpose, but the bankruptcy court disagreed.    The bankruptcy
25   court explained that there was little or no post-chapter 7 debt
26   to deal with in the chapter 13 case, no prospect of Cuevas
27   receiving a discharge and no real source of income or assets
28   available permitting Cuevas to pay any debts, so there was no

                                       4
 1   legitimate bankruptcy purpose behind the filing of Cuevas’
 2   chapter 13 case.    The court further noted that the assumptions
 3   underlying Cuevas’ chapter 13 plan ignored the reality of the
 4   bankruptcy court’s relief from stay and homestead exemption
 5   rulings in Cuevas’ chapter 7 case.    Based thereon, the bankruptcy
 6   court concluded that the chapter 13 case should be dismissed and
 7   the debtor should be barred for a period of two years from filing
 8   a new bankruptcy case.
 9        On the same day the bankruptcy court entered its chapter 13
10   case dismissal order (January 16, 2015), the court also issued an
11   order to show cause why Cuevas’ counsel Koebel should not be
12   sanctioned “under . . . §§ 105(a) or 329, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9011,
13   L.B.R. 2090-1 and 2090-2, this court’s General Order 96-05, this
14   court’s inherent sanctioning authority, or any other applicable
15   law or rule.”   According to the court, Koebel’s filing of Cuevas’
16   chapter 13 petition and the positions Koebel took in attempting
17   to prevent dismissal of the chapter 13 case tended to demonstrate
18   that sanctions against Koebel were warranted.
19        Both Koebel and Chandler filed responses to the sanctions
20   show cause order.    In addition, the court permitted Chandler an
21   opportunity to file his own motion under Rule 9011 seeking
22   attorney’s fees awards against Koebel and in favor of Chandler
23   and the chapter 7 trustee.    The court also convened multiple
24   hearings and permitted supplemental briefing by both sides.
25        Cuevas also filed a motion to “correct” the bankruptcy
26   court’s chapter 13 case dismissal order and a notice of appeal
27   from that order.    While Cuevas cited Civil Rule 60(a) as the
28   basis for his motion to correct, many of the issues raised in the

                                       5
 1   motion actually sought supplemental, clarifying, and amended
 2   findings of fact and conclusions of law.
 3        Ultimately, the bankruptcy court issued a detailed and
 4   thorough memorandum decision disposing of Cuevas’ motion to
 5   correct as well as all outstanding sanctions issues.   The
 6   bankruptcy court granted in part Cuevas’ motion to correct.      The
 7   bankruptcy court agreed that a couple of inadvertent errors and
 8   omissions in the dismissal order needed to be corrected.     The
 9   bankruptcy court’s memorandum decision also elaborated on the
10   findings and reasoning supporting dismissal of Cuevas’ chapter 13
11   case.   In summary, the court explained, Cuevas only filed his
12   chapter 13 case to delay his eviction and to increase the
13   litigation costs of Chandler and the chapter 7 trustee.    The
14   court described as “nonsense” Cuevas’ various assertions as to
15   why he needed to pursue chapter 13 relief.   According to the
16   court, Cuevas’ claim that he needed to address in chapter 13 debt
17   that arose after the filing of his chapter 7 petition was a sham.
18   The court similarly characterized as shams Cuevas’ alternate
19   theories about how he could fund his chapter 13 plan – either
20   from non-existent disposable income or from a wholly-speculative
21   and overly-optimistic expectation of a distribution from his
22   chapter 7 case.
23        The court denied all other relief requested in Cuevas’
24   motion to correct.
25        With respect to sanctions, the bankruptcy court ordered the
26   following sanctions against Koebel: (1) a sanctions award of
27   $15,346.30 in fees and costs to be paid to Chandler; (2) a
28   sanctions award of $2,110.60 in fees and costs to be paid to the

                                      6
 1   chapter 7 trustee; and (3) a referral to the Central District of
 2   California disciplinary panel, with a recommendation that Koebel
 3   be referred to the California state bar, be suspended from
 4   practice for a period of no less than six months and be subject
 5   to a probationary period of practice of four and one-half years.
 6        The bankruptcy court reasoned that Koebel’s subjective bad
 7   faith and objectively unreasonable conduct in filing Cuevas’
 8   chapter 13 petition and in opposing dismissal of the case (as
 9   identified in its original January 2015 dismissal order and as
10   elaborated on in the memorandum decision) constituted ample
11   grounds for the imposition of sanctions under Rule 9011 and under
12   the court’s inherent powers.
13        The bankruptcy court entered its amended order dismissing
14   Cuevas’ chapter 13 case on September 30, 2015, and its sanctions
15   orders on October 28, 2015, and Cuevas and Koebel timely
16   appealed.
17                                JURISDICTION
18        The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
19   §§ 1334 and 157(b)(2)(A).    We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.
20   § 158.
21                                   ISSUES
22   1.   Has Cuevas raised any meritorious arguments for reversal of
23        the chapter 13 case dismissal order?
24   2.   Has Koebel raised any meritorious arguments for reversal of
25        the sanctions orders?
26                          STANDARDS OF REVIEW
27        While a bankruptcy court’s finding of bad faith is reviewed
28   under the clearly erroneous standard, the dismissal of a

                                       7
 1   bankruptcy case for cause based on a finding of bad faith is
 2   reviewed for an abuse of discretion.     Leavitt v. Soto (In re
 3   Leavitt), 171 F.3d 1219, 1222-23 (9th Cir. 1999).
 4        We also review for an abuse of discretion all aspects of the
 5   bankruptcy court’s imposition of sanctions under both Rule 9011
 6   and under its inherent sanctioning authority.     Price v. Lehtinen
 7   (In re Lehtinen), 564 F.3d 1052, 1058 (9th Cir. 2009); Shalaby v.
 8   Mansdorf (In re Nakhuda), 544 B.R. 886, 898 (9th Cir. BAP 2016);
 9   DeLuca v. Seare (In re Seare), 515 B.R. 599, 614 (9th Cir. BAP
10   2014).
11        The bankruptcy court abuses its discretion if it applies an
12   incorrect legal rule or its factual findings are illogical,
13   implausible or without support in the record.     See U.S. v.
14   Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247, 1262 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc).
15        We review de novo whether an appellant’s due process rights
16   have been violated.   In re Seare, 515 B.R. 615.
17                               DISCUSSION
18        Under § 1307(c), the bankruptcy court may dismiss a
19   chapter 13 bankruptcy case “for cause”.     Bad faith of the debtor
20   in filing his or her bankruptcy petition is one type of cause for
21   dismissal.   In re Leavitt, 171 F.3d at 1224.    The bankruptcy
22   court, here, articulated and applied the correct legal standard
23   – the totality of the circumstances.     Additionally, the
24   bankruptcy court either explicitly or implicitly considered the
25   four factors set forth in In re Leavitt that bankruptcy courts
26   are supposed to consider before dismissing a case based on bad
27   faith.   The four Leavitt factors are:
28        (1) whether the debtor misrepresented facts in his

                                      8
 1        petition or plan, unfairly manipulated the Code, or
          otherwise filed his petition or plan in an
 2        inequitable manner; (2) the debtor's history of filings
          and dismissals; (3) whether the debtor intended to
 3        defeat state court litigation; and (4) whether
          egregious behavior is present.
 4
 5   Ellsworth v. Lifescape Med. Assocs., P.C. (In re Ellsworth),
 6   455 B.R. 904, 917–18 (9th Cir. BAP 2011) (quoting In re Leavitt,
 7 171 F.3d at 1224).   These same four factors can be critical when
 8   the bankruptcy court is considering imposing restrictions on the
 9   debtor’s future bankruptcy filings.   See In re Leavitt, 171 F.3d
10   at 1224 (“a finding of bad faith based on egregious behavior can
11   justify dismissal with prejudice”); see also In re Ellsworth,
12 455 B.R. at 922 (instructing courts to consider alternatives to
13   dismissal with prejudice, including “barring the debtor from
14   refiling for 180 days pursuant to § 109(g), or for some other
15   length of time.”).
16        Cuevas contends that the bankruptcy court did not consider
17   the totality of the circumstances and ignored evidence that,
18   according to Cuevas, tends to show his good faith in filing the
19   petition.   Cuevas claims that the contents of his chapter 13
20   schedules and his plan demonstrate good faith, but the bankruptcy
21   court found otherwise.   After reviewing (among other things)
22   Cuevas’ schedules, his plan and the orders issued by the
23   bankruptcy court in Cuevas’ chapter 7 case, the bankruptcy court
24   found that Cuevas did not have any genuine prospect of addressing
25   (or any genuine need to address) any post-chapter 7 indebtedness
26   at the time he filed his chapter 13 petition.   The bankruptcy
27   court further found that Cuevas actually filed his chapter 13
28   petition for the improper purpose of impeding Chandler’s upcoming

                                      9
 1   unlawful detainer trial and to increase the expense and delay
 2   associated with Chandler’s actions on behalf of the probate trust
 3   and the chapter 7 trustee’s actions on behalf of the chapter 7
 4   bankruptcy estate.
 5        Cuevas insists that there were post-chapter 7 tax debts that
 6   needed to be addressed.   Even if we were to assume that this is
 7   true, Cuevas has not pointed us to anything in the record which
 8   persuades us that the bankruptcy court committed clear error when
 9   it determined that, at the time Cuevas filed his chapter 13
10   petition, he had no genuine ability to address (pay) any portion
11   of these debts by way of a chapter 13 plan.
12        Cuevas’ claim that he potentially will obtain in the future
13   an (exemptible) ownership interest in the house currently owned
14   by the trust is an example of the dubious nature of Cuevas’
15   claims regarding plan funding.   Cuevas does not dispute that the
16   trust owns the house and that Chandler, as trustee, has been
17   attempting for years to sell the house pursuant to the trust’s
18   terms so that the sale proceeds can be used to pay the costs of
19   trust administration and so that any remaining proceeds can be
20   distributed to the trust’s beneficiaries.   Cuevas also has
21   conceded that the bankruptcy court in the chapter 7 case entered
22   a final and non-appealable order disallowing Cuevas’ homestead
23   exemption claim because the trust – not Cuevas – owned the house.
24   Cf. In re Barnes, 275 B.R. 889, 896-97 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 2002)
25   (debtor/beneficiary of self-settled irrevocable trust was not
26   owner of trust assets and hence could not exempt trust assets).
27   And yet Cuevas argued in his chapter 13 case that he somehow
28   still could end up with an ownership interest in the house that

                                      10
 1   could be exempted.   Cuevas, himself, admitted in his opening
 2   appeal brief that the only way this homestead exemption could
 3   arise was “in the unlikely event that the Chapter 7 trustee
 4   administers the Chapter 7 bankruptcy estate by awarding the
 5   Debtor his home.”    Aplt. Opn Br. (April 18, 2016) at pp. 24-25.
 6   Furthermore, Cuevas has not explained how, if this unlikely event
 7   (home ownership) were to occur in the future, it would have
 8   affected his exemption rights in bankruptcy, when such rights
 9   ordinarily are fixed on the date the petition is filed.   See
10   Wolfe v. Jacobson (In re Jacobson), 676 F.3d 1193, 1199 (9th Cir.
11   2012).
12        Cuevas’ alternate plan funding claim that he can expect
13   close to a $200,000 distribution from the trust is even more
14   doubtful.   The projected $200,000 payout is based on Cuevas’
15   belief that he will receive one-third of the fair market value of
16   the house, which he alleges to be $600,000.   Cuevas’ calculation
17   did not account for any costs of sale or for Chandler’s
18   reasonable expenses in administering the probate trust, which
19   have ballooned as a result of the actions taken by Cuevas and his
20   sister Dibble in the state court and in the bankruptcy court over
21   the course of the last decade.   Nor did Cuevas’ calculation
22   account for the fact that any net distribution Cuevas otherwise
23   might be entitled to receive from the probate trust presumably
24   will be property of his chapter 7 bankruptcy estate and that the
25   allowed claims of his chapter 7 creditors and the allowed
26   administrative claims of the chapter 7 trustee presumably will
27   need to be paid in full before Cuevas can receive any payout as
28   the chapter 7 debtor.   See § 726.

                                      11
 1        After considering these facts and all of the other relevant
 2   circumstances, the bankruptcy court found that, by filing his
 3   chapter 13 petition, Cuevas improperly and in bad faith sought to
 4   obstruct Chandler’s pending unlawful detainer proceedings and to
 5   cause Chandler and the chapter 7 trustee to incur additional
 6   expense and delay in carrying out their duties.     Had the members
 7   of this panel presided over Cuevas’ chapter 13 case, it is
 8   possible that one or more of us might have made a different
 9   finding.    Even so, on this record, we cannot say that the
10   bankruptcy court’s bad faith finding was illogical, implausible
11   or not supported by the record.     See Retz v. Samson (In re Retz),
12   606 F.3d 1189, 1196 (9th Cir. 2010) (“A bankruptcy court's
13   factual determination is clearly erroneous if it is illogical,
14   implausible, or without support in the record.”).
15        On appeal, Cuevas raised six other issues that also lack
16   merit.    According to Cuevas, the bankruptcy court lacked
17   authority to dismiss the chapter 13 bankruptcy case on its own
18   motion.    This is simply wrong.   Section 105(a) explicitly
19   provides the bankruptcy court with this authority.     In relevant
20   part, § 105(a) states: “No provision of this title providing for
21   the raising of an issue by a party in interest shall be construed
22   to preclude the court from, sua sponte, taking any action or
23   making any determination necessary or appropriate to enforce or
24   implement court orders or rules, or to prevent an abuse of
25   process.”    See also Tennant v. Rojas (In re Tennant), 318 B.R.
26   860, 869 (9th Cir. BAP 2004) (holding that bankruptcy court may
27   sua sponte dismiss a chapter 13 case under §§ 1307 and 105(a)).
28        Cuevas further argued that the bankruptcy court adopted a

                                        12
 1   per se rule against commencing a chapter 13 case after the debtor
 2   has received his discharge but before full administration of the
 3   debtor’s pending chapter 7 case.      But the bankruptcy court did
 4   not adopt any per se rule.    The bankruptcy court looked at the
 5   history of Cuevas’ chapter 7 case, and the commencement of the
 6   chapter 13 case while the chapter 7 case was still pending, as
 7   one of the many circumstances that ultimately led the bankruptcy
 8   court to conclude that the chapter 13 case had been filed in bad
 9   faith.    It was appropriate for the bankruptcy court to consider
10   the history, the status and the interrelationship of the two
11   cases in rendering its bad faith determination.      In re Ellsworth,
12 455 B.R. at 917-18 (identifying “the debtor's history of
13   bankruptcy filings” as one of the factors the bankruptcy court
14   should consider in determining bad faith).
15        Cuevas next claimed that the bankruptcy court erroneously
16   imposed the burden of proof to establish good faith on the
17   debtor.    The bankruptcy court’s memorandum decision establishes
18   that this claim is false.    The bankruptcy court, in essence,
19   stated that there were sufficient undisputed facts regarding
20   Cuevas’ conduct to establish a prima facie case that the
21   chapter 13 petition was filed in bad faith and that Cuevas did
22   not present evidence sufficient to rebut this prima facie case.
23   See Memorandum Decision (Sept. 30, 2015) at 6:4-10.
24        Cuevas additionally asserted that he was denied due process.
25   Cuevas’ due process argument was two-fold.      Cuevas first argued
26   on appeal that he did not know that the court’s order to show
27   cause re dismissal raised the issue of bad faith.      Cuevas
28   alternately argued on appeal that he was denied due process

                                      13
 1   because the bankruptcy court considered Chandler’s response to
 2   the order to show cause, and Cuevas had no time or opportunity to
 3   respond to the factual contentions and legal arguments set forth
 4   in Chandler’s response, because Chandler’s response was filed a
 5   couple of days before the hearing on the order to show cause.    We
 6   are perplexed by Cuevas’ claim that he was surprised by the bad
 7   faith issue.    The case cited in the dismissal order to show cause
 8   – Grimes v. United States (In re Grimes), 117 B.R. 531 (9th Cir.
 9   BAP 1990) – references and discusses bad faith as a pertinent
10   issue and so did Cuevas’ response to the order to show cause.
11   Thus, we don’t understand how Cuevas can claim he did not know
12   that his alleged bad faith was at issue.   As for Chandler’s
13   response, while Cuevas complained at the January 2015 dismissal
14   hearing about needing more time because he was surprised about
15   the bad faith issue, he did not argue that he needed more time
16   because of the response that Chandler filed.   Indeed, before the
17   hearing occurred, Cuevas did file papers addressing some of the
18   points that Chandler argued, and the bankruptcy court considered
19   those papers.
20        In any event, even if we were to assume that there were some
21   sort of deficiency in the notice and opportunity to be heard
22   initially provided to Cuevas, the record does not reveal any
23   prejudice to Cuevas as a result of any such deficiency.   We have
24   reviewed the entire record of the months of proceedings that took
25   place in the bankruptcy court in association with both the
26   dismissal of the case and the sanctions order to show cause.
27   These proceedings included, in relevant part, a limited remand
28   granted by this Panel to permit Cuevas the opportunity to file

                                      14
 1   whatever motion he deemed necessary to address any defects in the
 2   bankruptcy court’s initial dismissal order or in the proceedings
 3   leading up to that dismissal, and Cuevas thereafter did file a
 4   motion to “correct” the dismissal order.    In its September 30,
 5   2015 memorandum decision, the bankruptcy court carefully and
 6   thoroughly addressed all of the points Cuevas raised in his
 7   motion to correct.   At no time during these supplemental
 8   proceedings did Cuevas attempt to reference any new or different
 9   facts that reasonably could have countered the bankruptcy court’s
10   bad faith finding.   Nor are any such facts evident in Cuevas’
11   appeal brief.   Under these circumstances, we can and will reject
12   Cuevas’ due process arguments because of the absence of
13   prejudice.   See Rosson v. Fitzgerald (In re Rosson), 545 F.3d
14   764, 776 (9th Cir. 2008).
15        There are only two other arguments Cuevas raised on appeal
16   that we need to address.    Cuevas argues on appeal that the
17   bankruptcy court erred because it did not consider the effect of
18   Law v. Siegel, 134 S. Ct. 1188 (2014) on Ceuvas’ homestead
19   exemption rights before dismissing his chapter 13 case for bad
20   faith.   Cuevas similarly argues that the bankruptcy court should
21   have considered the effect of Frealy v. Reynolds, 779 F.3d 1028
22   (9th Cir. 2015) and Neuton v. Dannig (In re Neuton), 922 F.2d
23   1379 (9th Cir. 1990), both of which deal with the treatment in
24   bankruptcy of a debtor-beneficiary’s interest in a spendthrift
25   trust.   Cuevas did not raise Law, Frealy or Reynolds at any point
26   during the chapter 13 dismissal proceedings.    Moreover, the
27   exemption arguments that Cuevas seeks to introduce by reference
28   to these three decisions in large part constitute an

                                      15
 1   impermissible collateral attack on the bankruptcy court’s final
 2   and non-appealable orders entered in Cuevas’ chapter 7 case.      The
 3   bankruptcy court’s December 21, 2012 order denying Cuevas’
 4   homestead exemption claim and its March 9, 2012 summary judgment
 5   explicitly rejecting Cuevas’ spendthrift trust claims effectively
 6   preclude Cuevas from raising the issues addressed in Law, Frealy
 7   and Reynolds in the current appeals from unrelated orders.    See
 8   Valley Nat'l Bank of Ariz. v. Needler (In re Grantham Bros.),
 9   922 F.2d 1438, 1442 (9th Cir. 1991) (rejecting as frivolous
10   appellant’s attempted collateral attack on bankruptcy court’s
11   final, non-appealable sale order).
12        Cuevas and Koebel did not include in their appeal brief any
13   arguments specifically and distinctly addressing the bankruptcy
14   court’s sanctions rulings.    As a result, they forfeited their
15   right to raise these arguments on appeal.    See Christian Legal
16   Soc'y v. Wu, 626 F.3d 483, 487–88 (9th Cir. 2010); Brownfield v.
17   City of Yakima,    612 F.3d 1140, 1149 n.4 (9th Cir. 2010) (citing
18   Greenwood v. FAA, 28 F.3d 971, 977 (9th Cir. 1994)).
19        Appellants might consider it unjust for this Panel to deem
20   any arguments challenging the sanctions orders forfeited.    Given
21   the procedural history of the appellants’ appeals, we disagree.
22   In the appeal from the sanctions orders (CC-15-1353), this Panel
23   originally set a deadline of November 30, 2015 for appellants’
24   opening brief.    That deadline passed without Cuevas and Koebel
25   filing their opening brief.    On February 29, 2016, this Panel
26   issued an order denying Cuevas’ and Koebel’s request to
27   consolidate the dismissal appeal and the sanctions appeal.    In
28   that order, the Panel noted that the appellants’ appeal brief for

                                      16
 1   the sanctions appeal was past due and granted appellants one
 2   final chance to file their opening appeal brief for the sanctions
 3   appeal.   The order set a final due date of 28 days from the date
 4   of the order (March 28, 2016) and specified that “[n]o further
 5   extensions of time will be granted.”
 6        Instead of filing the opening brief for the sanctions appeal
 7   or seeking prompt reconsideration of the scheduling aspects of
 8   the Panel’s February 29, 2016 order, appellants waited until
 9   March 28, 2016 – the date the brief was due – and filed an
10   “emergency motion” to suspend the briefing schedule or in the
11   alternative for an additional thirty-day extension.   Furthermore,
12   the contents of the so-called emergency motion indicate that all
13   of the factual allegations on which the motion was based were
14   known to appellant Koebel at the time the Panel entered its
15   February 29, 2016 order.
16        Then, on April 18, 2016, appellants filed what they
17   suggested was a second amended joint brief for both the dismissal
18   appeal and the sanctions appeal; but this brief still did not
19   include any arguments specifically and distinctly challenging the
20   sanctions orders.   Instead, as part of their filing of this
21   brief, the appellants included a “preamble” renewing appellants’
22   request for suspension or extension of the briefing schedule for
23   the sanctions appeal and indicating that, if those requests
24   ultimately were denied, appellants anticipated filing a request
25   to supplement their second amended joint brief.
26        Finally, on May 25, 2016, the Panel issued an order in the
27   sanctions appeal denying suspension of briefing and stating that
28   “[a]ppellants must rest on the brief they have filed in this

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 1   appeal.”
 2        By (not) prosecuting the sanctions appeal in this fashion,
 3   appellants sought to substitute their judgment in place of the
 4   Panel’s regarding when the sanctions appeal should be briefed.
 5   They further attempted to undermine the Panel’s authority to
 6   control its docket and the course of proceedings.   See generally
 7   Hernandez v. City of El Monte, 138 F.3d 393, 398 (9th Cir. 1998)
 8   (acknowledging such authority); United States v. Oregon, 913 F.2d
9   576, 589 (9th Cir. 1990) (same).    Consequently, it is not unjust
10   to deem all of appellants’ sanctions-related arguments forfeited
11   under Wu and Brownfield.
12                              CONCLUSION
13        For the reasons set forth above, we AFFIRM the bankruptcy
14   court’s dismissal of Cuevas’ chapter 7 bankruptcy case and its
15   imposition of sanctions.
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