Court Opinion

ID: 9554622
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-09 16:10:53.5085+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:35:49.114926
License: Public Domain

J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

                            2023 PA Super 152

 IN THE INTEREST OF: R.R.D., A        :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                                :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: M.L.D., MOTHER            :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :   No. 1357 MDA 2022

            Appeal from the Decree Entered August 26, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Clinton County Orphans' Court at
                          No(s): 2021-00019

 IN THE INTEREST OF: J.J.C., A        :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                                :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: M.L.D., MOTHER            :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :   No. 1358 MDA 2022

             Appeal from the Order Entered August 26, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Clinton County Orphans' Court at
                          No(s): 2021-00020

 IN THE INTEREST OF: A.T.D., A        :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                                :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: M.L.D., MOTHER            :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :   No. 1359 MDA 2022

             Appeal from the Decree Entered August 26, 2022
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Clinton County Orphans' Court at
                           No(s): 2021-00021
   IN THE INTEREST OF: R.R.D., A      :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
   MINOR                              :         PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

   APPEAL OF: K.J.D., FATHER         :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :   No. 1360 MDA 2022

            Appeal from the Decree Entered August 26, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Clinton County Orphans' Court at
                            No(s): 19-2021

   IN THE INTEREST OF: J.J.C., A     :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
   MINOR                             :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                     :
                                     :
   APPEAL OF: KJ.D., FATHER          :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :   No. 1361 MDA 2022

            Appeal from the Decree Entered August 26, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Clinton County Orphans' Court at
                          No(s): 2021-00020

   IN THE INTEREST OF: A.T.D., A     :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
   MINOR                             :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                     :
                                     :
   APPEAL OF: K.J.D., FATHER         :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :   No. 1362 MDA 2022

            Appeal from the Decree Entered August 26, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Clinton County Orphans' Court at
                          No(s): 2021-00021

BEFORE: STABILE, J., DUBOW, J., and McCAFFERY, J.

OPINION BY DUBOW, J.:                          FILED: AUGUST 9, 2023

                                   -2-
J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

       In this consolidated appeal, M.L.D. (“Mother”) and K.J.D. (“Father”)

(collectively, “Parents”) appeal from the August 26, 2022 decree that

terminated their parental rights to their children, twelve-year-old R.R.D.,

eight-year-old J.J.C., and six-year-old A.T.D. (collectively, “Children”),

pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8).1 After careful review, we conclude that

the Agency failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the condition

which led to the removal or placement of Children—inadequate housing—

continues to exist as required by the statute. Accordingly, we reverse.

       In its August 26, 2022 Opinion and Decree, the trial court authored a

thorough, accurate, and comprehensive factual and procedural history, which

we adopt for purposes of this appeal. Trial Ct. Op., filed 8/26/22, at 1-24.

Briefly, in November 2018 the Clinton County Children and Youth Social

Services (the “Agency”) learned that Parents were living in a hotel, which the

Agency deemed inadequate housing for Children. On November 7, 2018, the

trial court awarded physical and legal custody of Children to their paternal

aunt and her paramour.             On January 29, 2019, the Agency obtained

emergency custody of Children and placed them in foster care due to

inadequate living conditions at the paternal aunt’s home.     The trial court

adjudicated Children dependent on February 7, 2019, and Children remained

in foster care. The court ordered Parents to participate in a mental health

____________________________________________

1 These appeals involve related parties and issues. Accordingly, we sua
sponte consolidate the appeals at Nos. 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, and
1362 MDA 2022. See Pa.R.A.P. 513.

                                           -3-
J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

evaluation, participate in a drug and alcohol evaluation, follow any

recommended        services,    obtain   suitable   housing,   and   cooperate   with

supervised visitation with Children.

       On August 5, 2021, the Agency filed petitions to involuntarily terminate

Parents’ parental rights to Children pursuant to Sections 2511(a)(2), (5), (8),

and (b) of the Adoption Act.2 In its petitions, the Agency averred, inter alia,

that Parents “have more consistently attended visits and appear to have

achieved stable housing, but their interactions with [C]hildren during visits

and responses thereto suggest a lack of engagement on the part of Father

and an incapacity or inability on the part of Mother.” Petition, 8/5/21, at ¶ VI

(emphasis added).

       The trial court held hearings on August 23, 2021; December 22, 2021;

February 24, 2022; April 12, 2022; May 23, 2022; and May 27, 2022.3 The

Agency presented over twenty witnesses, including current and former Agency

caseworkers, elementary school teachers, licensed psychologists, and current

foster parents. Father testified on his own behalf and presented testimony

from Danial Plock, a Family Finding caseworker. Mother presented testimony

from guardian ad litem (“GAL”) Patrick A. Johnson, Esq.

____________________________________________

2 The Agency amended the petitions on August 23, 2021, to include Sections

2511(a)(5) and (8) without objection.

3 During the proceedings, the trial court appointed counsel to represent
Children’s legal interests and a guardian ad litem (“GAL”) to represent
Children’s best interests.

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J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

      On August 26, 2022, the trial court issued an Opinion and Decree which

terminated Parents’ parental rights to Children. Notably, the trial court denied

the Agency’s petitions pursuant to Sections 2511(a)(2) and (5). Specifically,

the court found that while the Agency proved Mother’s incapacity to parent

and Father’s “disinterest” in parenting, the Agency failed to offer appropriate

services and, therefore, failed to prove that the incapacity or disinterest could

not be remedied as required by Section 2511(a)(2). Trial Ct. Op. at 27-28.

Moreover, the trial court evaluated Parents’ remedial efforts and found that

their “remedial efforts have been at least moderate as the natural parents

have adequate housing, completed parenting classes, have been involved

in mental health counseling, and continue to parent the youngest child . . .

[they have] done almost everything that the Agency had requested.” Id. at

32 (emphasis added). The trial court found that the Agency failed to provide

the parents with available services to reunite Parents with Children, and,

therefore the Agency failed to prove that “services or assistance reasonably

available to the parent are not likely to remedy the conditions which led to the

removal or placement of [Children] within a reasonable period of time” as

required by Section 2511(a)(5). Id. at 29-32.

      Nevertheless, the trial court granted the Agency’s petition under Section

2511(a)(8).   In doing so, the court conceded that Parents remedied the

inadequate housing, but relied instead on the fact that Parents continue to

exhibit an incapacity to parent Children. Id. at 33. The court also found that

the Agency presented clear and convincing evidence to terminate pursuant to

                                      -5-
J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

Section 2511(b) because Children are beneficially bonded with their foster

parents and there was expert testimony that no bond exists between Children

and Parents. Id. at 36-37.

      Parents   timely   appealed.    Neither   Mother      nor   Father    filed   a

contemporaneous     Pa.R.A.P.   1925(a)    statement   as    required      by   Rule

1925(a)(2)(i) in Children’s Fast Track cases, however each filed a Rule

1925(b) statement fourteen days after filing a notice of appeal.           Prior to

Parents filing their individual Rule 1925(b) statements, the trial court issued

a Rule 1925(a) opinion concluding that Parents had waived all issues on

appeal. As an initial matter, we disagree.

                                      A.

      Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(a)(2)(i) provides that

for Children’s Fast Track appeals, the “concise statement of errors complained

of on appeal shall be filed and served with the notice of appeal.”

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) (emphasis added). An appellant’s failure to file the

Rule 1925(b) statement contemporaneously with the notice of appeal,

however, does not affect the validity of the appeal, but “is subject to such

action as the appellate court deems appropriate, which may include, but is not

limited to, remand of the matter to the lower court so that the omitted

procedural step may be taken.” In re K.T.E.L., 983 A.2d 745, 747 (Pa. Super.

2009) (citing Pa.R.A.P. 902). When determining how to address a Children’s

Fast Track Appeal in which the appellant has not filed the Rule 1925(b)

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J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

statement contemporaneously with the notice of appeal, this Court has

cautioned that “[t]he extreme action of dismissal should be imposed by an

appellate court sparingly, and clearly would be inappropriate when there has

been substantial compliance with the rules and when the party moving for

quashal of the appeal has suffered no prejudice.” Id. (citation omitted).

      Here, the Agency and the GAL both purport to be prejudiced because

the trial court did not opine on Parents’ precise allegations of error. Agency

Brief at 10; GAL Brief at 4-5.    Our review of the record belies this claim.

Parents’ issues were readily discernable, and the trial court thoroughly

addressed Parents’ challenges to its decision in its 37-page Opinion and

Decree that included extensive Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law. See

Trial Ct. Op. at 1-37. We conclude that Parents substantially complied with

the requirements of Rule 1925 and the parties suffered no prejudice from

Parents filing their individual Rule 1925(b) statements fourteen days after

filing their notices of appeal. Accordingly, we decline to find waiver and will

proceed to address the merits of Parents’ appeal.

                                       B.

      In her Brief to this Court, Mother raises the following issues on appeal:

      1. Did the trial court err in finding, under 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8),
         the [Agency] met [its] burden by showing that “the conditions
         that led to the removal or placement of the child continue to
         exist[,”] despite that Mother and Father had resolved the initial
         cause of placement.

                                      -7-
J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

      2. By erring in finding that the [Agency] had met [its] burden
         under [23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8)], did the trial court move to 23
         Pa.C.S. § 2511(b) analysis in error.

Mother’s Br. at 2-3.

      Similarly, Father raises the following issue for our review:

      1. Did the [l]ower [c]ourt have adequate grounds to terminate
         the parental rights of [Father]?

Father’s Br. at 8.

      In addressing Parents’ issues, we are mindful of our well settled

standard of review. When we review a trial court’s decision to grant or deny

a petition to involuntarily terminate parental rights, we must accept the

findings of fact and credibility determinations of the trial court if the record

supports them. In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa. 2013). “If the factual

findings are supported, appellate courts review to determine if the trial court

made an error of law or abused its discretion.” Id. (citation omitted). “Absent

an abuse of discretion, an error of law, or insufficient evidentiary support for

the trial court’s decision, the decree must stand.” In re R.N.J., 985 A.2d 273,

276 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citation omitted).

      Section 2511 of the Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511, governs

termination of parental rights, and requires a bifurcated analysis. “Initially,

the focus is on the conduct of the parent.” In re Adoption of A.C., 162 A.3d

1123, 1128 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citation omitted).          “The party seeking

termination must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the parent’s

conduct satisfies the statutory grounds for termination delineated in Section

2511(a).” Id. (citation omitted). If the court determines that the parent’s

                                     -8-
J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

conduct warrants termination of his or her parental rights, the court then

engages in “the second part of the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b):

determination of the needs and welfare of the child under the standard of best

interests of the child.” Id. (citation omitted).

      Parents both aver that the trial court erred in terminating their parental

rights pursuant to Section 2511(a)(8), which authorizes the trial court to

terminate parental rights if the parent has not resolved the conditions which

led to placement of Children. 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8). Parents argue that

the trial court found that the initial cause of placement was lack of adequate

housing, which Parents have resolved and, thus, the trial court erred in

terminating pursuant to this section. Mother’s Br. at 6; Father’s Br. at 12.

We agree.

      Section 2511(a)(8) provides:

      The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the
      court or under a voluntary agreement with an agency, 12 months
      or more have elapsed from the date of removal or placement, the
      conditions which led to the removal or placement of the
      child continue to exist and termination of parental rights would
      best serve the needs and welfare of the child.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8) (emphasis added).

      In addressing this subsection, the trial court acknowledged that Mother

had remedied the conditions which initially caused placement of Children, but

nevertheless concluded that termination under Section 2511(a)(8) was

proper. The court opined:

                                      -9-
J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

       the conditions which have caused this continued placement still
       exist.   Although adequate housing initially caused the
       placement, which has been resolved, Father’s nonengagement
       with [C]hildren and Mother’s incapacity and/or inability to parent
       [C]hildren continues to exist and prevents reunification.

Trial Ct. Op. at 33.

       A plain reading of the statute requires that “the conditions which led to

the removal or placement . . . continue to exist.” 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8)

(emphasis added). Here, the conditions which led to the removal or placement

of Children do not continue to exist—in fact, the trial court found the conditions

to be “resolved.” Trial Ct. Op. at 33. The Agency, thus, failed to demonstrate

that the reason for Childrens’ removal continues to exist. The trial court’s

finding that Parents resolved their housing issue is supported in the record.

Therefore, the court erred as a matter of law in terminating Parents’ rights

pursuant to Section 2511(a)(8). Accordingly, we reverse.4

                                               C.

       In conclusion, the Agency failed to prove by clear and convincing

evidence that the condition which led to the removal or placement of

Children—inadequate housing—continues to exist as required by the statute.

Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court erred in terminating Parents’

parental rights pursuant to Section 2511(a)(8).

____________________________________________

4 In light of our disposition, we need not address whether the court erred in

terminating Parents’ parental rights pursuant to Section 2511(b). We likewise
decline to address whether the court erred in denying termination of parental
rights under Sections 2511(a)(2) and (5) because this issue was not raised
for our review.

                                          - 10 -
J-A04007-23 & J-A04008-23

     Decree reversed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 8/9/2023

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