Court Opinion

ID: 4291810
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-07-05 20:00:24.476753+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:38:16.482853
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUL 5 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No. 17-30127

                Plaintiff–Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                1:15-CR-00407-MC-1
 v.

KENNETH W. MEDENBACH,                           MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant–Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Oregon
                   Michael J. McShane, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted on June 8, 2018
                               Portland, Oregon

Before: GRABER and M. SMITH, Circuit Judges, and KORMAN,** District
Judge.

      Kenneth Medenbach was convicted of two misdemeanors, illegal occupancy

and camping on federal lands. He was sentenced to five years’ probation with

standard and special conditions, including Standard Condition #6, prohibiting him

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The Honorable Edward R. Korman, United States District Judge for
the Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.
from traveling outside the District of Oregon without permission of his probation

officer. Medenbach violated this condition. At the hearing on the violation, the

U.S. Attorney asked for modifications to other special probation conditions, two of

which the district judge granted. Specifically, Medenbach was directed to address

correspondence to federal land agencies to particular agents, and he was prohibited

from entering or camping on federal lands—including agency parking lots and

offices—without permission. Medenbach now appeals these modifications and the

judge’s refusal to modify Standard Condition #6. He also filed a separate appeal

from the judgment of conviction in United States v. Medenbach, No. 16-30189,

which we affirm in a separate memorandum disposition filed today.

      We review probation conditions for abuse of discretion. Malone v. United

States, 502 F.2d 554, 557 (9th Cir. 1974). District courts have “broad discretion” to

fashion probation conditions, United States v. Terrigno, 838 F.2d 371, 374 (9th

Cir. 1988), provided that the conditions “involve only such deprivations of liberty

or property as are reasonably necessary” to effect the purposes of 18 U.S.C.

§ 3553(a)(2), 18 U.S.C. § 3563(b). This discretion includes “wide latitude” to

restrict even fundamental rights. United States v. Blinkinsop, 606 F.3d 1110,

1118–19 (9th Cir. 2010).

      1. The district court did not abuse its discretion in imposing the standard

condition prohibiting travel outside the district without permission. Under 18

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U.S.C. § 3563(b)(14), the court may require that the defendant “remain within the

jurisdiction of the court, unless granted permission to leave by the court or a

probation officer.” The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts specifically

recommends the inclusion of this requirement as a standard condition of probation

and supervised release for several compelling reasons. Administrative Office of

U.S. Courts, Overview of Probation and Supervised Release Conditions 13 (2016).

These include allowing “the probation officer to supervise the defendant by setting

boundaries for travel without permission and by keeping the probation officer

informed of the defendant’s whereabouts.” Id. at 19. Probation officers are advised

to implement this condition by conducting a risk assessment of the defendant’s

proposed travel, thereby determining “whether the defendant is in compliance with

conditions of supervision . . . and assess whether travel would disrupt defendant

needs.” Id. at 21. Standard Condition #6 is entirely reasonable, and its imposition

here was not an abuse of discretion. Moreover, Medenbach has never been denied

permission to travel when he has asked his supervising probation officer, and the

judge stated that he would personally review any denial of Medenbach’s travel

requests.

      2. Nor did the district court impermissibly infringe Medenbach’s First

Amendment rights when it required that he address his petitions to specific

individuals at the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service.

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Medenbach had sent a letter to three BLM offices threatening to “raise up a well

regulated militia” if the government did not “‘cease and desist’ all activity in Grant

County.” This could reasonably worry employees. And he has made similar

comments to federal officials in the past—including references to the standoffs at

Ruby Ridge and Waco—which this Court has found intimidating. See United

States v. Medenbach, 116 F.3d 487 (9th Cir. 1997) (unpublished). It was therefore

not an abuse of discretion to ensure that, while preserving Medenbach’s

fundamental right to petition the government, only those officials familiar with

Medenbach would receive his letters, so as not to cause concern among other

federal officials.

       3. Finally, we uphold the modification of the condition prohibiting

Medenbach from entering federal lands—including offices and parking lots—

managed by the BLM and other specific federal agencies without prior approval of

the probation officer. As with its findings regarding Medenbach’s letters, the

district court imposed a condition “reasonably related” to Medenbach’s behavior—

a decades-long history of unlawful protests of federal land-management agencies.

       AFFIRMED.

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