Court Opinion

ID: 2672835
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-05-07 16:34:31.225968+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:06:23.193000
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                United States Court of Appeals
                                                                        Tenth Circuit

                                                                         May 7, 2014
                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALSElisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                         Clerk of Court
                                      TENTH CIRCUIT

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

           Plaintiff - Appellee,
 v.                                                           No. 13-6273
 SOTERO GUERRERO-CARREON,                           (D.C. No. 5:13-CR-00180-C-1)
                                                            (W. D. Okla.)
           Defendant - Appellant.

                                   ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before BRISCOE, Chief Judge, ANDERSON and BRORBY, Senior Judges.

       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to honor the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is, therefore,

submitted without oral argument.

       Sotero Guerrero-Carreon pleaded guilty to unlawfully reentering the United States,

in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a). The district court determined that the applicable

       *
         This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its
persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
Guidelines range was 30-37 months’ imprisonment, and sentenced him to 30 months in

prison. Guerrero-Carreon appeals the substantive reasonableness of his sentence. We

have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a) and affirm.

                                             I

       Guerrero-Carreon is an illegal alien with a long criminal history in the United

States. His actions leading to convictions are these: felony assault with a knife in 1985;

drunk driving in 1990; drunk driving in 1991; felony marijuana trafficking in 1994;

leaving the scene of an accident in 1997; drunk driving in 1998; felony possession of

cocaine in 2001; drunk driving, transporting an open container, driving without a license,

and failure to maintain insurance in 2002; drunk driving and resisting law enforcement in

2004; public drunkenness in 2006; public drunkenness in 2010; driving without a license

in 2011; failure to appear in court in 2011; and drunk driving in 2013. Interspersed

among these convictions were more arrests and two deportations.

       On July 27, 2013, Guerrero-Carreon was arrested, again—this time, for leaving the

scene of an accident and drunk driving. It was his second drunk driving arrest in six

months. And just as he had done during an arrest twelve months earlier, he threatened to

murder his arresting officers. A couple days later, Immigration and Customs

Enforcement determined that Guerrero-Carreon was in the country illegally.

       As a result, a grand jury returned a one-count indictment charging Guerrero-

Carreon with unlawfully reentering the United States, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a).

Guerrero-Carreon pleaded guilty.

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       The Presentence Investigation Report (PSR) recommended a base-offense level of

8. Because Guerrero-Carreon had been deported after his conviction for felony assault,

for which he received no criminal-history points, the PSR recommended a 12-level

upward adjustment. See U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A). After a 3-level reduction for

acceptance of responsibility, the adjusted offense level was 17. Given his criminal

history category of III, Guerrero-Carreon’s Guidelines range was 30-37 months’

imprisonment.

       At sentencing, the district court sentenced Guerrero-Carreon to 30 months’

imprisonment. The court observed that Guerrero-Carreon has made a career of

“thumbing [his] nose at the legal requirements of this country.” R. Vol. 3 at 9. The court

also noted that despite Guerrero-Carreon’s numerous convictions, he had never served

longer than six months in prison. As the court put it, “I believe it’s absolutely time that

you understand that when you continue to break the law a prison sentence of some

substance will result.” Id. at 10. Still, the court thought that “the bottom of the guideline

range is sufficient,” and hoped that “30 months will be sufficient to reform him.” Id.

                                              II

       Guerrero-Carreon raises one issue on appeal. He contends that his 30-month

sentence is substantively unreasonable.

       “[S]entences are reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard for . . . substantive

reasonableness.” United States v. Gordon, 710 F.3d 1124, 1160 (10th Cir. 2013)

(alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted). “A district court abuses its

                                              3
discretion when it renders a judgment that is arbitrary, capricious, whimsical, or

manifestly unreasonable.” United States v. Damato, 672 F.3d 832, 838 (10th Cir. 2012)

(internal quotation marks omitted).

       “When crafting a sentence, the district court must be guided by the ‘parsimony

principle’—that the sentence be sufficient, but not greater than necessary, to comply with

the purposes of criminal punishment, as expressed in § 3553(a)(2).” United States v.

Martinez-Barragan, 545 F.3d 894, 904 (10th Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks

omitted). That said, “to win a substantive reasonableness appeal is no easy thing.”

United States v. Fraser, 647 F.3d 1242, 1247 (10th Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks

omitted). “In any given case there could be a range of reasonable sentences that includes

sentences both within and outside the Guidelines range.” Martinez-Barragan, 545 F.3d at

904 (alteration omitted) (internal quotation marks omitted). Furthermore, “we presume a

sentence within the correctly-calculated Guidelines range is reasonable.” Id. at 905.

Guerrero-Carreon “can rebut the presumptive reasonableness of his sentence by

demonstrating its unreasonableness in light of the § 3553(a) factors.” Id.

       Guerrero-Carreon argues that the district court should have granted a downward

variance because (1) the enhancement in U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii) is unjustifiable as

a matter of policy, and (2) proper application of the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors leads to

the conclusion that 30 months’ imprisonment is unreasonable.

       His first argument boils down to a disagreement with Congress over the

seriousness of illegal reentry by convicted felons. For its part, “Congress has made it

                                             4
clear . . . that it considers the illegal re-entry of an alien who has committed a violent

crime to be far more serious than a standard trespassing offense.” United States v.

Algarate-Valencia, 550 F.3d 1238, 1245 (10th Cir. 2008). That is why 8 U.S.C. §

1326(b)(1) and (2) imposes a statutory maximum sentence of ten to twenty years,

depending on whether the prior conviction was for an aggravated felony. Guerrero-

Carreon’s argument is properly directed at Congress, not at the federal courts. And in any

event, “a sentence is not rendered unreasonable merely because of a district court’s

refusal to deviate from the advisory guideline range based on disagreements with the

policies underlying a particular Guideline provision.” United States v. Wilken, 498 F.3d

1160, 1172 (10th Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks omitted).

       As regards his second argument, Guerrero-Carreon asserts that “the district court

placed too much weight on the sentencing factors addressing deterrence and protection of

the public.” Aplt. Br. at 6. We discern no abuse of discretion. As we have said, the

crime of illegal reentry by an alien who has committed a violent felony is a serious one.

Guerrero-Carreon has consistently flouted the laws of this country, accumulating a

criminal record that includes a violent felony, drug trafficking, and numerous drunk

driving incidents. Neither short terms of imprisonment nor deportations have succeeded

in diverting Guerrero-Carreon from his steady pattern of criminal behavior. Thus, we

conclude that the district court’s decision to impose a within-Guidelines sentence is

amply supported and reasonable.

                                               5
                                          III

       Guerrero-Carreon has not overcome the presumption that his within-Guidelines

sentence is substantively reasonable. Therefore, we AFFIRM the sentence imposed by

the district court.

                                                Entered for the Court

                                                Mary Beck Briscoe
                                                Chief Judge

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