Court Opinion

ID: 9372843
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-22 16:01:04.146887+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:38.001473
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     CARLA M. PABLOS-VAZIRA,                         DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         SF-0432-16-0226-I-1

                  v.

     SOCIAL SECURITY                                 DATE: February 14, 2023
       ADMINISTRATION,
                   Agency.

                  THIS ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Allen A. Shoikhetbrod, Esquire, Albany, New York, for the appellant.

           Asim Hemant Modi, Esquire, and Heather Moss, Esquire, San Francisco,
             California, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                               Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                Raymond A. Limon, Member
                                 Tristan L. Leavitt, Member

                                     REMAND ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     sustained her reduction in grade for unacceptable performance under 5 U.S.C.
     chapter 43. For the reasons discussed below, we GRANT the appellant’s petition

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                     2

     for review and REMAND the case to the Western Regional Office for further
     adjudication consistent with     Santos v. National Aeronautics       and Space
     Administration, 990 F.3d 1355 (Fed. Cir. 2021).

                                     BACKGROUND
¶2         The appellant served as a Paralegal Specialist, GS-0950-12, in the agency’s
     Office of Disability Adjudication and Review in Los Angeles, California, from
     April 2001 until her reduction in grade to a Legal Assistant, Senior Case
     Technician, GS-0986-08. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 5 at 93-100, Tab 6 at 8.
     In November 2013, the agency issued the appellant a performance plan for the
     2014 rating period.     IAF, Tab 7 at 122-24.     In March 2014, the appellant’s
     supervisor issued her a Performance Assistance plan to improve her performance
     in two critical elements, Demonstrates Job Knowledge and Achieves Business
     Results, which lasted for 30 days. Id. at 113-20. In April 2014, the appellant’s
     supervisor informed her that her performance continued to need improvement,
     and in May 2014, the appellant’s supervisor issued her an Opportunity to Perform
     Successfully plan in the critical elements of Demonstrates Job Knowledge and
     Achieves Business Results, which was effective from May 12 to September 23,
     2014. Id. at 68-69, 80-91. In November 2014, the appellant’s supervisor rated
     her performance for 2014 as unsuccessful. IAF, Tab 6 at 170-72.
¶3         On July 31, 2015, the appellant’s supervisor proposed her reduction in
     grade to a Legal Assistant, Senior Case Technician, for unacceptable performance
     in the critical elements of Demonstrates Job Knowledge and Achieves Business
     Results. Id. at 7-24. On September 17, 2015, the appellant provided a written
     reply to the proposed reduction in grade. IAF, Tab 5 at 112 -44. On October 28,
     2015, the deciding official issued a memorandum which specified the grade and
     step to which the appellant would be demoted, GS-0986-08, Step 10; clarified that
     the   appellant   had     completed   three   out    of   13   decisions   within
     management-assigned timeframes; and provided the appellant with an opportunity
                                                                                             3

          to reply to the memorandum. Id. at 110-11. The appellant did not reply. On
          December 11, 2015, the deciding official issued a decision sustaining the
          proposed reduction in grade, effective December 13, 2015. Id. at 94-100.
¶4             The appellant timely filed an appeal in which she challenged the reduction
          in grade and requested a hearing.       IAF, Tab 1.     Following a hearing, the
          administrative judge issued an initial decision affirming the agency’s action.
          IAF, Tab 60, Initial Decision (ID). Specifically, the administrative judge found
          that the agency proved by substantial evidence that, despite a reasonable
          opportunity to improve, the appellant’s performance was unacceptable in both
          critical elements at issue, the appellant did not prove her affirmative defenses of
          discrimination on the bases of age and sex, and the agency’s delay in issuing a
          decision following the issuance of the proposal to reduce the appellant in grade
          was not harmful. ID at 8-34.
¶5             The appellant has timely filed a petition for review of the initial decision,
          and the agency has opposed the petition. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tabs 3,
          9. The appellant has filed a reply to the agency’s opposition. PFR File, Tab 10.

                          DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
          In light of the court’s decision in Santos, we remand this appeal to give the
          parties an opportunity to present evidence and argument regarding whether the
          appellant’s performance during the period leading up to the performance
          improvement plan was unacceptable.
     ¶6        At the time the initial decision was issued, the Board’s cas e law stated that,
          in a performance-based action under 5 U.S.C. chapter 43, an agency must
          establish by substantial evidence that: (1) the Office of Personnel Management
          (OPM) approved its performance appraisal system; (2) the agency communicated
          to the appellant the performance standards and critical elements of her position;
          (3) the appellant’s performance standards are valid under 5 U.S.C. § 4302(c)(1);
          (4) the agency warned the appellant of the inadequacies of her performance
          during the appraisal period and gave her a reasonable opportunity to improve;
                                                                                            4

     and (5) the appellant’s performance remained unacceptable in at least one critical
     element.    White v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 120 M.S.P.R. 405, ¶ 5
     (2013). 2 However, during the pendency of the petition for review in this case,
     the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit held in Santos,
     990 F.3d at 1360-61, that in addition to the five elements of the agency’s case set
     forth above, the agency must also justify the institution of a performance
     improvement plan (PIP) by proving by substantial evidence that the employee’s
     performance was unacceptable prior to the PIP. 3 The Federal Circuit’s decision
     in Santos applies to all pending cases, including this one, regardless of when the
     events took place. Lee v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2022 MSPB 11, ¶ 16.
     We remand the appeal to give the parties the opportunity to present argument and
     additional evidence on whether the appellant’s performance during the period
     leading up to the PIP was unacceptable in one or more critical elements . See id.,
     ¶¶ 15-17.
¶7         The administrative judge shall then issue a new initial decision consistent
     with Santos. See id. If the agency makes the additional showing required under
     Santos on remand, the administrative judge may incorporate his prior findings on
     the other elements of the agency’s case and the appellant’s affirmative defenses
     in the remand initial decision, consistent with the findings below.              See id.
     However, regardless of whether the agency meets its burden, if the argument or
     evidence on remand regarding the appellant’s pre-PIP performance affects the

     2
       In his initial decision, the administrative judge set forth the standard as found in
     Belcher v. Department of the Air Force, 82 M.S.P.R. 230, 232-33 (1999), and Greer v.
     Department of the Army, 79 M.S.P.R. 477, 482 (1998). ID at 7-8. Although the
     standard is worded differently than the standard set forth in White, 120 M.S.P.R. 405,
     ¶ 5, the administrative judge explicitly addressed each element set forth in White in his
     initial decision. ID at 9-23.
     3
       While the agency called its plans the Performance Assistance plan and an Opportunity
     to Perform Successfully plan, because these plans were designed to improve the
     performance of an employee performing at an unacceptable level, these plans are
     considered PIPs.
                                                                                          5

     administrative judge’s analysis of the appellant’s affirmative defenses, the
     administrative judge should address such argument or evidence in the remand
     initial   decision.    See   Spithaler   v.   Office   of   Personnel   Management,
     1 M.S.P.R. 587, 589 (1980) (explaining that an initial decision must identify all
     material issues of fact and law, summarize the evidence, resolve issues of
     credibility, and include the administrative judge’s conclusions of law and his
     legal reasoning, as well as the authorities on which that reasoning rests).

     We affirm the administrative judge’s findings that the agency warned the
     appellant of the inadequacies of her performance during the appraisal period and
     gave her a reasonable opportunity to demonstrate acceptable performance, but her
     performance remained unacceptable in the two critical elements for which she
     was provided an opportunity to demonstrate acceptable performance.
¶8         On review, the appellant renews her arguments that the agency did not give
     her a reasonable opportunity to demonstrate acceptable performance because her
     supervisor assigned her complex cases, criticized her wo rk for “stylistic
     differences,” imposed time-consuming requirements for daily logs and meetings,
     failed to provide training, and denied her requests for overtime, credit hours, and
     telework. 4 PFR File, Tab 3 at 22-25. Upon review of the record, we agree with
     the administrative judge that the agency’s provision of extensive training, a
     mentor during the period the appellant was given to demonstrate acceptable
     performance, and written and oral feedback during the performance improvement

     4
       The appellant also argues that the deciding official testified that she rubberstamped
     the proposing official’s proposal to reduce the appellant in grade. PFR File, Tab 3
     at 25. This argument mischaracterizes the deciding official’s testimony and is not
     relevant to whether the agency afforded the appellant a reasonable opportunity to
     demonstrate acceptable performance. Hearing Transcript, Volume 1 at 180 -221
     (testimony of the deciding official). Although this argument raises a potential due
     process violation, the appellant did not provide evidence or argument to support her
     contention on review, and our review of the record reflects that the deciding official
     considered the appellant’s reply and the documents supporting the proposed reduction
     in grade, thus the appellant received a meaningful opportunity to respond to the
     proposed action. See Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 333 (1976) (stating that due
     process requires, at a minimum, that an employee be given the opportunity to be heard
     “at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner”).
                                                                                       6

     period of 120 days and an extension of 2 weeks, was sufficient to afford the
     appellant a reasonable opportunity to demonstrate acceptable performance. ID
     at 13-16; see, e.g., Towne v. Department of the Air Force, 120 M.S.P.R. 239, ¶ 20
     (2013) (finding that the agency afforded the appellant a reasonable opportunity to
     improve when her supervisor provided detailed written feedback and regularly
     met with her during the performance improvement period).
¶9        We have similarly considered the appellant’s renewed arguments that the
     agency failed to prove that her performance remained unacceptable because her
     supervisor assigned her complex decisions that were more suited for GS -13
     attorneys, her supervisor’s criticisms of her work were stylistic and not based on
     legal sufficiency, and the agreement rate of the agency’s appeals counsel with her
     decisions demonstrated that her work was legally sufficient. PFR File, Tab 3
     at 19-22.   However, our review of the appellant’s draft decisions, markups of
     those decisions by her supervisor, and feedback memoranda from her supervisor
     reflects that the agency showed by substantial evidence that the appellant’s
     performance remained unacceptable in the critical elements at issue. 5 IAF, Tab 6
     at 11-20, Tab 7 at 27-79, Tabs 17-19, 23-27; ID at 16-23.

     5
       On review, the appellant does not dispute the administrative judge’s findings that
     OPM approved the performance appraisal system utilized by the agency in this matter,
     that the agency communicated to the appellant the performance standards and critical
     elements of her position, and that the appellant’s performance standards were valid.
     We discern no reason to disturb these findings, as the record reflects that the
     administrative judge considered the evidence as a whole and drew appropriate
     inferences from the evidence submitted. ID at 8-13; see Clay v. Department of the
     Army, 123 M.S.P.R. 245, ¶ 6 (2016) (finding no reason to disturb the administrative
     judge’s findings when she considered the evidence as a whole, drew appropriate
     inferences, and made reasoned conclusions on the issue of credibility); Broughton v.
     Department of Health and Human Services, 33 M.S.P.R. 357, 359 (1987) (same).
                                                                                         7

      We modify the initial decision to find that the agency did not rescind the
      July 31, 2015 notice of proposed reduction in grade by issuing an October 28,
      2015 clarification memorandum; moreover, the administrative judge properly
      found that the delay in issuing the decision sustaining the reduction in grade was
      not harmful.
¶10        On review, the appellant renews her argument, which the administrative
      judge did not address in the initial decision, that the agency’s October 28, 2015
      memorandum constituted a new notice of proposed reduction in grade that
      effectively rescinded the July 31, 2015 notice of proposed reduction in grade, and
      that the agency’s consideration of any evidence of her performance over 1 year
      prior to the October 28, 2015 notice warrants reversal. 6 PFR File, Tab 3 at 13-19.
      Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 4303(c)(2)(A), a reduction in grade for unacceptable
      performance may be based only on instances of unacceptable performance that
      occurred within the 1-year period ending on the date of the notice of the proposed
      action, and consideration of instances of unacceptable performance prior to that
      time period may constitute harmful procedural error. Addison v. Department of
      Health and Human Services, 46 M.S.P.R. 261, 265, 267 n.3 (1990), aff’d,
      945 F.2d 1184 (Fed. Cir. 1991). The July 31, 2015 notice issued by the proposing
      official was 18 pages in length, laid out in detail the instances of the appellant’s
      unacceptable performance upon which the agency relied in proposing the action,
      notified the appellant of her right to reply to the notice, and was accompanied by
      lengthy supporting documentation. IAF, Tab 6 at 7-24.
¶11        In contrast, the October 28, 2015 memorandum was issued by the deciding
      official, was two pages in length, and contained two pieces of information: (1) it
      clarified the grade and step to which the appellant would be reduced, whereas the
      July 31, 2015 notice only indicated the position to which she was to be demoted;
      and (2) it clarified that three of 13 decisions were timely completed, whereas the

      6
        The appellant did not raise this argument until her hearing testimony and closing
      statement. Hearing Transcript, Volume 2 at 45 (testimony of the appellant), 55 (the
      appellant’s closing argument).
                                                                                          8

      July 31, 2015 notice stated that only two of 15 decisions were timely. IAF, Tab 5
      at 110-11. The agency also provided the appellant with an opportunity to respond
      to this memorandum, but there is no indication that the agency intended to rescind
      and replace the July 31, 2015 notice.        Id.   Rather, the October 28, 2015
      memorandum appears to have been intended to communicate to the appellant new
      information that the deciding official considered to rectify a potential due process
      deficiency. Cf. Stone v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 179 F.3d 1368,
      1376 (Fed. Cir. 1999) (holding that an employee’s constitutional due process
      guarantee of notice, both of the charges and of the employer’s evidence, and the
      opportunity to respond are undermined when a deciding official obtains new and
      material information through ex parte communications).            Accordingly, to the
      extent the administrative judge erred in failing to address the appellant’s
      argument regarding the two memoranda, such error was not prejudicial to the
      appellant because the administrative judge properly considered the July 31, 2015
      memorandum as the notice of proposed reduction in grade and reviewed the
      instances of unacceptable performance upon which the agency relied, which
      occurred within 1 year from the date of the notice. ID at 6 -7.
¶12        We also affirm the administrative judge’s finding that, although the agency
      failed to timely issue a decision sustaining the reduction in grade, the 4-month
      delay was not harmful, as the appellant has not shown that the delay affected the
      outcome of the performance action. ID at 32-34; see Salter v. Department of the
      Treasury, 92 M.S.P.R. 355, ¶¶ 6-8 (2002) (finding that the 13-month delay in the
      issuance of the decision was not harmful).

      We affirm the administrative judge’s finding that the appellant did not prove her
      affirmative defenses.
¶13        On review, the appellant reiterates her arguments that discrimination on the
      bases of age, sex, and parental status were motivating factors in her reducti on in
      grade. PFR File, Tab 3 at 25-29. We do not consider her argument regarding
      discrimination on the basis of parental status because she withdrew this
                                                                                            9

      affirmative defense during the proceedings below. IAF, Tab 30 at 8 -9. We have
      considered the appellant’s remaining arguments, but we discern no basis upon
      which to disturb the administrative judge’s well-reasoned findings denying the
      appellant’s affirmative defenses of age and sex discrimination. 7 ID at 23-32; see
      Clay v. Department of the Army, 123 M.S.P.R. 245, ¶ 6 (2016).

                                             ORDER
¶14         For the reasons discussed above, we REMAND this case to the Western
      Regional Office for further adjudication in accordance with this Remand Order.

      FOR THE BOARD:                                      /s/ for
                                                  Jennifer Everling
                                                  Acting Clerk of the Board
      Washington, D.C.

      7
        Because we discern no error with the administrative judge’s motivating factor analysis
      or conclusion regarding the appellant’s discrimination and retaliation claims, we do not
      reach the question of whether discrimination and/or retaliation was a “but for” cause of
      the removal action. See Pridgen v.Office of Management and Budget, 2022 MSPB 31,
      ¶¶20-25, 30.