Court Opinion

ID: 9901370
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-21 18:01:39.82003+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:21:31.772626
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                 NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                           NOV 21 2023
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                   MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                                 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

In re: DAVID EDWARD MYERS;                      No.    22-16615
MARY ANN MYERS, Debtors,
______________________________                  D.C. No. 2:21-bk-11376-NMC

LVNV FUNDING, LLC,
                                                MEMORANDUM*
               Appellant,

 v.

DAVID EDWARD MYERS; MARY
ANN MYERS,

               Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
                             for the District of Nevada
                    Natalie M. Cox, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding

In re: DAVID EDWARD MYERS;                      No.    22-60037
MARY ANN MYERS,
                                                BAP No. 22-1005
               Debtors,

------------------------------

LVNV FUNDING, LLC

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
             Appellant,

 v.

DAVID EDWARD MYERS; MARY
ANN MYERS,

             Appellees.

                            Appeal from the Ninth Circuit
                             Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
           Lafferty III, Brand, and Taylor, Bankruptcy Judges, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted October 3, 2023
                               Las Vegas, Nevada

Before: RAWLINSON and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and FITZWATER,** District
Judge.

      Appellant LVNV Funding, LLC (“LVNV”) filed a proof of claim in the Chapter

13 bankruptcy proceeding of Appellees David and Mary Myers (“the Debtors”) using

Official Form 410, which the bankruptcy court allowed over the Debtors’ objection.

The Bankruptcy Appellate Panel (“BAP”) vacated and remanded the allowance order.

On remand, based on the parties’ stipulation and the BAP’s decision, the bankruptcy

court disallowed LVNV’s claim. LVNV now appeals both the BAP’s decision and

the bankruptcy court’s order disallowing the claim. We have jurisdiction under 28

      **
            The Honorable Sidney A. Fitzwater, United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
                                        2
U.S.C. § 158(d)(1) over the appeal from the BAP’s decision, and under 28 U.S.C.

§ 158(d)(2)(A) over the appeal from the bankruptcy court’s disallowance order.1 We

REVERSE the BAP’s decision and the bankruptcy court’s disallowance order and

REMAND.2

      1.    The BAP held (and the Debtors conceded) that LVNV’s proof of claim

complied with Fed. R. Bankr. P. 3001 and was therefore entitled to prima facie

validity. But the BAP concluded that LVNV’s claim must be disallowed under 11

U.S.C. § 502(b)(1) because the documentation LVNV provided was insufficient to

enforce the debt under Nevada law, in that the proof of claim did not comply with

Nevada procedural requirements set out in Nev. Rev. Stat. §§ 97A.160 and 97A.165

(collectively, the “Nevada laws”). The BAP erred in this holding, because the

principles of Erie R.R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938), dictate that federal

procedural law—Rule 3001, in particular—governs the requirements for a proof of

      1
       A motions panel of this court granted a petition for permission to appeal the
bankruptcy court decision under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d).
      2
        We review decisions of the BAP de novo. In re Cellular 101, Inc., 539 F.3d
1150, 1154 (9th Cir. 2008). And we review questions of statutory interpretation,
including interpretation of the Bankruptcy Code and state law, de novo. See In re
PG&E Corp., 46 F.4th 1047, 1052 (9th Cir. 2022); Conestoga Servs. Corp. v. Exec.
Risk Indem., Inc., 312 F.3d 976, 981 (9th Cir. 2002).
                                         3
claim.3

      Under Erie principles, federal bankruptcy courts apply federal procedural law

and state substantive law. See Travelers Cas. & Sur. Co. of Am. v. Pac. Gas & Elec.

Co., 549 U.S. 443, 450 (2007). To determine whether a state law applies in a federal

action, “we decide whether the state law conflicts with a valid [federal procedural

rule].” Martin v. Pierce Cnty., 34 F.4th 1125, 1128 (9th Cir. 2022). A federal

procedural rule is valid if it “is a ‘general rule[] of practice and procedure’ that does

‘not abridge, enlarge or modify any substantive right’ and is ‘procedural in the

ordinary use of the term.’” Id. at 1128-29 (citation omitted).

      2.     Here, Rule 3001 clearly controls over the Nevada laws. The Nevada laws

conflict with this federal rule because the two give different answers to the same

question: What must a creditor provide in support of a proof of claim on an open-end

credit card account? See Rule 3001(c)(3); Nev. Rev. Stat. § 97A.160. Furthermore,

Rule 3001 is a valid procedural rule. There is a strong presumption that federal rules

      3
        The Debtors assert that LVNV waived its Erie argument. We disagree. “Once
a federal claim is properly presented, a party can make any argument in support of that
claim; parties are not limited to the precise arguments they made below.” Yee v. City
of Escondido, 503 U.S. 519, 534 (1992). Furthermore, an appellate court is free to
“consider an issue antecedent to and ultimately dispositive of the dispute before it,
even an issue the parties fail to identify and brief.” U.S. Nat’l Bank of Or. v. Indep.
Ins. Agents of Am., Inc., 508 U.S. 439, 447 (1993). On both grounds, we can consider
the Erie issue.
                                           4
of procedure have been properly promulgated under the applicable enabling statute

and do not impinge on substantive rights. See Hanna v. Plumer, 380 U.S. 460, 471

(1965). And Rule 3001, in particular, is a typical procedural rule: it does no more

than set out the procedural requirements for a proof of claim, see Rule 3001(a)-(e),

and specify when a properly executed proof of claim constitutes prima facie evidence

of its validity and amount, see Rule 3001(f)-(g). Consequently, Rule 3001 prevails

over the Nevada laws, meaning that the Nevada laws are not “applicable law” that can

render a claim “unenforceable” under 11 U.S.C. § 502(b)(1). Thus LVNV’s failure

to comply with Nev. Rev. Stat. §§ 97A.160 and 97A.165 is not a ground for

disallowing its proof of claim.

        3.   Under the governing rule—Rule 3001—LVNV has provided the requisite

documentation for its proof of claim. The BAP and the bankruptcy court therefore

erred by disallowing the claim based on LVNV’s failure to comply with the Nevada

laws.

        REVERSED and REMANDED.

                                         5