Court Opinion

ID: 4565241
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-09-14 17:00:45.014071+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:41:48.340064
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 _____________

                                      No. 19-2805
                                     _____________

                            UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                             v.

                          ARMANDO ENRIQUE DELGADO,
                                        Appellant

                    On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                              (D.C. No. 1-15-cr-00003-004)
                 Chief District Judge: Honorable Christopher C. Conner
                                     _____________

                   Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                  September 8, 2020
                                   _____________

           Before: CHAGARES, HARDIMAN, and MATEY, Circuit Judges

                               (Filed: September 14, 2020)

                                      ____________

                                        OPINION*
                                      ____________

*
       This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does
not constitute binding precedent.
CHAGARES, Circuit Judge.

       Armando Delgado appeals from his judgment of conviction and sentence for sex

trafficking and controlled substance offenses. For the following reasons, we will affirm.

                                              I.

       We write solely for the parties’ benefit, so our summary of the facts is brief. In

March 2015, a grand jury issued a seven-count superseding indictment against Delgado

and five co-defendants, including Delgado’s brother. The indictment was premised on

the defendants’ participation in a sex trafficking business, involving the transport of adult

and minor victims across state lines, and their distribution of drugs to victims of the sex

trafficking business. Specifically, the indictment charged Delgado with recruiting,

enticing, and otherwise enabling a minor to cross interstate lines to engage in sex acts in

violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1591(a) and 2 (Count One); transporting a person across

interstate lines for the purpose of prostitution in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2421(a) and 2

(Count Two); transporting a minor across interstate lines for the purpose of prostitution in

violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2423(a) and 2 (Count Three); conspiracy to transport a person

across interstate lines for the purpose of prostitution in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371

(Count Four); conspiracy to transport a minor across interstate lines for the purpose of

prostitution in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2423(e) (Count Five); conspiracy to distribute and

possess with intent to distribute controlled substances in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846

(Count Six); and distribution and possession with intent to distribute controlled

substances in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 2 (Count Seven). Delgado

proceeded to a jury trial, which began on December 5, 2017. At the conclusion of the

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Government’s case, the Government voluntarily dismissed Count Three, and ultimately,

the jury found Delgado guilty of all of the remaining counts.

       Afterward, Delgado filed a motion for judgment of acquittal and a motion for a

new trial. On Delgado’s motion for judgment of acquittal, the District Court vacated

Delgado’s conviction on Count One, based on constructive amendment of the

superseding indictment, and entered judgment of acquittal on Count Five, based on

insufficiency of the evidence. The District Court denied Delgado’s motion for a new trial

in its entirety. Delgado received a sentence of time served and five years of supervised

release.

       The District Court entered Delgado’s judgment of conviction and sentence on July

23, 2019. This timely appeal followed.1

                                              II.

                                              A.

       We begin by addressing Delgado’s appeal of his judgment of conviction. Delgado

argues that the District Court erred when it denied his motion for a new trial under

Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 33. Rule 33 permits a defendant to seek vacatur of a

judgment and the grant of a new trial where “the interest of justice so requires.” Fed. R.

Crim. P. 33(a). Even when a district court “believes that the jury verdict is contrary to

the weight of the evidence, it can order a new trial only if it believes that there is a serious

1
        The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3231. We have
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 3742(a).

                                               3
danger that a miscarriage of justice has occurred—that is, that an innocent person has

been convicted.” United States v. Silveus, 542 F.3d 993, 1004–05 (3d Cir. 2008)

(quotation marks omitted). A district court’s denial of a Rule 33 motion is reviewed for

abuse of discretion. United States v. Salahuddin, 765 F.3d 329, 346 (3d Cir. 2014).

       Delgado gives many reasons why he believes the District Court should have

granted him a new trial in the interest of justice. We are not persuaded.

       First, Delgado points out that two of his co-defendants pleaded guilty and testified

against him, and he asserts that the jury might have considered the co-defendants’

“admissions of guilt . . . as a reason to convict.” Delgado Br. 17. The District Court,

however, instructed the jury that it “must not consider [the co-defendants’] guilty pleas as

evidence of . . . Delgado’s guilt,” Appendix (“App.”) 1347, and Delgado concedes that

the District Court “advised the jury appropriately,” Delgado Br. 18. Because “[a] jury is

presumed to follow its instructions,” Weeks v. Angelone, 528 U.S. 225, 234 (2000), we

conclude that District Court did not abuse its discretion in denying Delgado a new trial

based on his co-defendants’ testimony.

       Second, Delgado asserts that at trial, his jailhouse confidant, Frank Simmons, gave

“polluted” testimony, and that other witnesses provided “vague and inconsistent”

testimony about Delgado’s transport of women across state lines. Delgado Br. 23. But

Delgado’s arguments about the credibility of the witnesses against him were for the jury

to decide. See Salahuddin, 765 F.3d at 347 (explaining that it is the “jury’s responsibility

to weigh [a witness’s] credibility . . . , including . . . alleged inconsistencies”). The

                                               4
“inconsistencies and credibility issues” that Delgado raises, thus, did not warrant a new

trial. Id.

        Third, Delgado argues that the Government, in its rebuttal at trial, improperly

represented the testimony of one witness, RaeAnn Horne, by suggesting that her

testimony about Delgado’s transportation of her across state lines for prostitution was

more equivocal than it actually was. We are not convinced. We agree with the District

Court that there was “extensive record evidence” regarding another trip that Delgado

made across state lines “for prostitution purposes.” United States v. Delgado, 367 F.

Supp. 3d 286, 300 (M.D. Pa. 2019). Thus, the purported misstatement about Horne’s

testimony was harmless and did not merit a new trial. See United States v. Brown, 765
F.3d 278, 296 (3d Cir. 2014). Accordingly, the District Court did not abuse its discretion

in denying Delgado’s motion for a new trial, and we will affirm Delgado’s judgment of

conviction.2

                                             B.

        We next turn to Delgado’s appeal of his sentence. Delgado argues that the District

Court erred by requiring him, as a condition of his supervised release, to register as a sex

2
        Delgado also posits that the Government obtained guilty verdicts on Counts One
and Five, which concerned the sexual exploitation of minors, due to prejudicial spillover
from evidence regarding Delgado’s brother, who was dismissed from the case before the
end of trial. However, Delgado no longer stands convicted of Counts One and Five. The
District Court vacated Delgado’s conviction on Count One, and on May 21, 2019, the
Government filed a notice of its intent not to retry that count. As for Count Five, the
District Court granted Delgado’s motion for judgment of acquittal and barred retrial.
Although Delgado presses other arguments that center around the effect of his brother’s
dismissal from the case, we have carefully considered those points, and none persuade us
that the District Court erred.

                                              5
offender under the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (“SORNA”), 34

U.S.C. § 20901 et seq. In Delgado’s view, his counts of conviction do not require such

registration. We review a district court’s decision to impose a condition of supervised

release for abuse of discretion. United States v. Loy, 237 F.3d 251, 256 (3d Cir. 2001).

       The District Court did not abuse its discretion because it did not commit the error

that Delgado asserts. The Judgment and Commitment Order does not mandate that

Delgado register as a sex offender under SORNA. Rather, it requires Delgado to comply

with SORNA “as directed by the probation officer, the Bureau of Prisons, or any state sex

offender registration agency in the location where [he] reside[s], work[s], [is] a student,

or [was] convicted of a qualifying offense.” App. 6 (listing mandatory conditions of

supervised release); accord App. 8 (providing additional supervised release terms).

Similarly, at sentencing, the District Court described the parties’ “consensus” about how

the SORNA registration condition would operate: whether Delgado would be required to

register under SORNA would be “a matter for probation to determine,” and Delgado

would “be apprised of any registration requirements when [he began reporting] to the

probation office.” App. 59, 60. We therefore conclude that the District Court did not err

in the way that Delgado contends.3 We will affirm Delgado’s judgment of sentence.

3
       The record does not indicate whether the Probation Office, Bureau of Prisons, or a
state agency later required Delgado to register as a sex offender. If any such
determination was made, Delgado does not challenge that determination in this appeal.

                                              6
                                         III.

      For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm Delgado’s judgment of conviction and

sentence.

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