Court Opinion

ID: 1068113
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:28:39.850606+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:25:02.053755
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present:   Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judges Frank and Clements

VICTOR ESPINOZA
                                            MEMORANDUM OPINION *
v.   Record No. 0536-03-4                       PER CURIAM
                                               AUGUST 5, 2003
CLAUDIA ESPINOZA

               FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY
                   Robert W. Wooldridge, Jr., Judge

           (Karen Zeineddin; Leiser & Associates, PLLC,
           on brief), for appellant.

           (Brendan D. Harold; Leffler & Hyland, P.C.,
           on brief), for appellee.

     Victor Espinoza, father, appeals a decision of the trial

court dismissing his appeal of a child support award made by the

Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court of Fairfax County

(JDR court).   Appellant contends the trial court erred in

dismissing his case for failure to post an appeal bond pursuant to

Code § 16.1-296(H).   Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the

parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit.

Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court.

See Rule 5A:27.

     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not
designated for publication.
                               BACKGROUND

     Claudia Espinoza, mother, filed a petition for child support

in JDR court.   In June 2002, the JDR judge ordered father to make

child support payments of $889 per month.     The JDR judge also

determined that father was in arrears for child support payments

in the amount of $7,112 and ordered that father pay an additional

$75 per month toward the arrearage amount.

     Father noted his appeal of the decision of the JDR court to

the Circuit Court of Fairfax County.    The notice of appeal was

signed by a deputy clerk of the JDR court and contained a

handwritten notation "Appeal Bond--No Bond."     Another document,

dated June 13, 2002 and signed by the JDR judge, has a heading:

"APPEAL BOND INFORMATION."   Under that heading, a box is checked

next to the wording:   "NO BOND REQUIRED."     Father did not file an

appeal bond.

     Mother filed a motion to dismiss father's appeal to the

circuit court on the ground that he failed to post an appeal bond.

In an opinion letter dated January 30, 2003, the trial court wrote

that the JDR court "set no bond for this appeal.     Presumably

[father] posted no bond for that very reason."     The trial court

granted mother's motion to dismiss, stating that, pursuant to Code

§ 16.1-296(H), it was without jurisdiction to hear the case and

that it was without discretion to relieve father of the

responsibility to post an appeal bond.      Father appeals the

decision of the trial court.
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                              ANALYSIS

     Code § 16.1-296(H) provides, in part:

          In cases involving support, no appeal shall
          be allowed until the party applying for the
          same or someone for him gives bond, in an
          amount and with sufficient surety approved
          by the judge or by his clerk if there is
          one, to abide by such judgment as may be
          rendered on appeal if the appeal is
          perfected or, if not perfected, then to
          satisfy the judgment of the court in which
          it was rendered.

     The Supreme Court of Virginia has stated:

               Code § 16.1-296(H) could not be more
          clear: "no appeal shall be allowed" unless
          and until a bond is given by the party
          applying for the appeal. The statutory
          requirements for appeal bonds always have
          been construed as mandatory, and the
          exercise of appellate jurisdiction has been
          confined to the provisions of the written
          law. We repeatedly have held that "[the]
          failure to substantially comply with the
          statutory requirements applicable to appeal
          bonds constitutes a jurisdictional defect
          which cannot be corrected after the
          expiration of the time within which an
          appeal may be taken."

Commonwealth ex rel. May v. Walker, 253 Va. 319, 322, 485 S.E.2d

134, 136 (1997) (citations omitted).

     Father argues that his case is distinguishable from May

because, in his case, the JDR court set the bond at "zero."

However, in May, the Supreme Court specifically rejected this

Court's ruling that, "because the District Court failed to

require a bond, the Circuit Court was not deprived of its

jurisdiction."   Id.   "Code § 16.1-296(H) places the burden on

                               - 3 -
the party applying for the appeal to ask for and to have the

district court set the bond and approve the surety."     Id.   In

addition, father's contention that he was denied

constitutionally-guaranteed rights is without merit.    "[T]he

failure to post an appeal bond is not a 'mere defect,

irregularity or omission in the proceedings;' rather, it is a

fatal jurisdictional defect that cannot be cured."     Id. at 323,

485 S.E.2d at 136 (quoting Code § 16.1-114.1).

     The failure to post the appeal bond deprived the trial

court of jurisdiction.   Accordingly, we summarily affirm the

decision of the trial court and dismiss the appeal.

                                                          Affirmed.

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