Court Opinion

ID: 4366598
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-02-11 17:41:12.262392+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:49:04.222341
License: Public Domain

J-S74026-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
                                                    OF PENNSYLVANIA
                          Appellee

                     v.

TYRONE S. ALEXANDER

                          Appellant                  No. 1190 EDA 2017

    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence imposed November 22, 2016
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No: CP-51-CR-0014428-2013

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., STABILE, J., and McLAUGHLIN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                      FILED FEBRUARY 11, 2019

      Appellant, Tyrone S. Alexander, appeals from the judgment of sentence

the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County imposed on November 22,

2016. Appellant argues that the sentencing court should have merged his

predicate robbery conviction with his second-degree conviction for sentencing

purposes. We agree. Accordingly, we vacate the sentence with respect to

robbery and affirm in all other respects.

      The factual and procedural background are not at issue here. Briefly,

on July 13, 2013, at approximately 7:00 a.m., “Mr. Michael Wisman was in

the area of the 2000 block of Simpson Street[, in Philadelphia,] when he was

robbed by [A]ppellant who took his wallet and then fled after fatally shooting

Mr. Wisman several times.” Appellant’s Brief at 5.
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      On November 22, 2016, a jury found Appellant guilty of murder of the

second degree, robbery, carrying a firearm with an obliterated serial number,

carrying a firearm without a license, firearms on public property or public

streets in Philadelphia, and possessing an instrument of crime. The trial court

sentenced Appellant to life imprisonment for murder of the second degree,

and 10-20 years’ incarceration on the robbery conviction to run concurrently

with his life sentence. Additionally, the trial court imposed the following terms

of incarceration: 5 to 10 years for possession of a firearm with an obliterated

serial number; 3½ to 7 years for carrying a firearm without a license; 2½ to

5 years for carrying a firearm on public property or public streets in

Philadelphia; and 2½ to 5 years for possessing an instrument of crime, all to

run consecutively to each other and to the robbery sentence – an aggregate

of 23½ to 47 years of incarceration to run concurrently with Appellant’s life

sentence.

      Appellant filed a post-sentence motion, challenging the weight and the

sufficiency of the evidence, which was denied by operation of law on April 6,

2017. This appeal followed.

      As noted, Appellant argues, and the Commonwealth and the trial court

agree, that the robbery conviction should have been merged with the second-

degree murder conviction for sentencing purposes. Failure to do so resulted

in an illegal sentence. We agree.

      “Whether Appellant’s convictions merge for sentencing is a question

implicating the legality of Appellant's sentence. Consequently, our standard

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of review is de novo and the scope of our review is plenary.                 See

Commonwealth v. Collins, 764 A.2d 1056, 1057, 1057 n.1 (Pa. 2001).

      Section 9765 provides:

      No crimes shall merge for sentencing purposes unless the crimes
      arise from a single criminal act and all of the statutory elements
      of one offense are included in the statutory elements of the other
      offense. Where crimes merge for sentencing purposes, the court
      may sentence the defendant only on the higher graded offense.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9765.

      The statute’s mandate is clear. It prohibits merger unless two distinct

facts are present: 1) the crimes arise from a single criminal act; and 2) all of

the statutory elements of one of the offenses are included in the statutory

elements of the other.

      A criminal homicide constitutes second-degree murder, or “felony

murder,” if “it is committed while defendant was engaged as a principal or an

accomplice in the perpetration of a felony.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(b).

Enumerated felonies include robbery, rape, deviate sexual intercourse by force

or threat of force, arson, burglary, and kidnapping. 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(d).

      It is well-established that the predicate felony merges with a second-

degree   murder   conviction   for   purposes   of   sentencing.    See,    e.g.,

Commonwealth        v.   Rushing,     99 A.3d 416,   420    (Pa.    2014);

Commonwealth v. Adams, 39 A.3d 310, 325 (Pa. Super. 2012), aff'd, 104
A.3d 511 (Pa. 2014). In other words, a predicate felony and second-degree

murder ipso facto (1) arise from a single criminal act, and (2) all of the

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elements of the predicate felony are included within the elements of second-

degree murder. See, e.g., Adams, 39 A.3d at 325.

       In this case, the predicate felony for Appellant’s second-degree murder

conviction was robbery. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(d); Commonwealth v.

Tarver, 426 A.2d 569, 570 (Pa. 1981);1 Criminal Information, 12/10/13, at

1; Trial Court Opinion, 1/16/18, at 14. Thus, the two convictions merge for

sentencing purposes.

       Accordingly, we are constrained to vacate the judgment of sentence

pertaining to Appellant’s robbery conviction, and affirm the remainder of

Appellant’s judgment of sentence.              As vacatur of Appellant’s judgment of

sentence with respect to the robbery count does not disrupt the trial court’s

overall sentencing scheme, we decline to remand for resentencing.               See

Commonwealth v. Henderson, 938 A.2d 1063, 1067–68 (Pa. Super. 2007).

       Judgment of sentence with respect to robbery vacated. Judgment of

sentence affirmed in all other respects. Jurisdiction relinquished.

____________________________________________

1 In Tarver, the Supreme Court held that robbery is a “constituent offense”
of second-degree murder and thus the “same offense” under the double
jeopardy test set forth in Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299
(1932)). Tarver’s analysis was based on a strict elements approach rooted
in Blockburger, which, in turn, reflects principles similar to those adopted by
the General Assembly when enacting Section 9765. See Commonwealth v.
Baldwin, 985 A.2d 830, 837 n.6 (Pa. 2009); Commonwealth v. Wade, 33
A.3d 108, 120 (Pa. Super. 2011) (“Our merger statute merely codified the
adoption by the Tarver/[Commonwealth v. Anderson, 650 A.2d 20 (Pa.
1994)] decisions of the Blockburger test and upholds the long-standing
merger doctrine relative to greater and lesser-included offenses.”).
Thus, Tarver remains binding authority on this Court.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/11/19

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