Court Opinion

ID: 5635040
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-11 05:43:36.759348+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:37:57.659883
License: Public Domain

Evans, Judge.
The defendant was charged and convicted for the abandonment of his minor children. Appeal was duly taken to this court.
The crucial question presented to this court is whether the defendant’s conviction is sustainable, the following pertinent facts being necessary to a determination of this issue: The defendant and his wife, the prosecuting witness, were divorced on April 5, 1974. The parties entered into a contract of settlement which contract was incorporated in and made a part of the final divorce decree. The decree provided that: “The wife accepts the full and complete responsibility for the support, education and maintenance of the minor children so long as they elect to remain in her custody and control.” No effort was made to obtain any support from the defendant father prior to his being charged with abandonment. Held:
1. Code § 74-105 makes it the duty of the father to *307provide for the maintenance, protection and education of his child. Neither the wife nor the civil courts can take away this right that inheres expressly in the children. Specifically, the wife can not contract away the right of the children to be supported by their father.
2. Presiding Judge Pannell and Judge Marshall specially concur in this case, based on prior decisions, or what we know as "stare decisis.” These prior decisions, as the Supreme Court of Georgia suggests, should be disregarded when any prior decision tends to get in the way of "justice.” See Hall v. Hopper, 234 Ga. 625 (216 SE2d 839), written by Justice Hill, and particularly the language at bottom of page 631 and top of page 632. Stability must give way to justice, so says Justice Hill, and of course justice here is on the side of the children under Code § 74-105. It would not be "justice” to allow the mother or the courts to waive the important right of the children to be supported by their father.
3. In Georgia, a father is duty-bound and by law he is bound to support his child irrespective of whether the child owns property or has money sufficient to support himself and irrespective of whether the mother may have an estate that is ample to support the child, and irrespective of any agreement the mother may make as to such support. If the father does not comply with that duty imposed upon him by law, then this is intentional and wilful, voluntary abandonment as provided for in Code Ann. § 74-9902. See Hines & Bryan v. Mullins, 25 Ga. 696 (1); Barrow v. State, 87 Ga. App. 572 (74 SE2d 467); Hunt v. State, 93 Ga. App. 84 (1) (91 SE2d 133); Waters v. State, 99 Ga. App. 727, 728 (3) (109 SE2d 847).
4. In this case, the parties were divorced on April 5, 1974, and at that time, certain provisions were made for the wife’s support. Nothing was paid for the support of the children. Almost four months elapsed and still the father had not paid one cent toward the support of the children, nor had he provided them with any of the articles usually regarded as necessities of life. The mother prosecuted him for voluntary abandonment of his children during that period between the date of the divorce and the 21st day of July, 1974, which was a period of almost four months.
It is the law of this state that a person intends the *308consequences of his voluntary acts. See Code § 26-604. On the question of the father’s being bound to support his own children regardless of the child’s circumstances and the mother’s circumstances, see Hines & Bryan v. Mullins, 25 Ga. 696 (1), supra; Barrow v. State, 87 Ga. App. 572, supra; Waters v. State, 99 Ga. App. 727 (1, 3), supra.
Argued September 4, 1975
Decided March 18, 1976
Rehearing denied April 2, 1976
Melton, McKenna & House, Andrew W. McKenna, for appellant.
Clarence H. Clay, Jr., Solicitor, JohnR. Sikes, James M. Wootan, Assistant Solicitors, for appellee.
5. The real question in this case is whether the husband can rely upon an agreement by the wife to relieve him of supporting his children — and then fail to support them — and use that as justification for his failure when he is prosecuted for abandonment of his children. The law is squarely against him on this point. Nor can he successfully urge that there was no "intentional and voluntary abandonment” simply because the mother of the children has, — contrary to law — told him she would not require him to support them. He is presumed to know the law and it will be presumed he knew she had no legal right to make any such agreement that would be binding on their minor children. Of course, if a jury had found there was no intentional and voluntary abandonment, the jury would have been acting within its rights. But the jury found to the contrary — that there was a voluntary and intentional abandonment, and that the agreement of the wife did not furnish the father any excuse whatever.
6. The jury heard all of the evidence. The evidence supports the verdict in this case.

Judgment affirmed.

Deen, P. J., and Webb, J., concur. Pannell, P. J., and Marshall, J., concur specially. Bell, C. J., Quillian, Clark and Stolz, JJ., dissent.