Court Opinion

ID: 9950059
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-13 14:02:27.383173+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:35:15.340085
License: Public Domain

Cite as 2024 Ark. App. 201
                      ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                           DIVISION I
                                          No. CR-23-347

 JOE CANTRELL                                      Opinion Delivered March 13, 2024

                                   APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE CLEBURNE COUNTY
                                             CIRCUIT COURT
 V.                                          [NO. 12CR-22-14]

 STATE OF ARKANSAS                                 HONORABLE TIM WEAVER, JUDGE

                                     APPELLEE AFFIRMED

                               WAYMOND M. BROWN, Judge

       A Cleburne County Circuit Court jury found appellant Joe Cantrell guilty of three counts of

delivery of a controlled substance—methamphetamine—and one count of maintaining a drug

premises. He was sentenced as a habitual offender to concurrent terms of one hundred years’

incarceration in the Arkansas Department of Correction on count one, forty years’ incarceration and

a $15,000 fine on both counts two and three, and thirty years’ incarceration and a $10,000 fine on

count four—maintaining a drug premises.1 On appeal, Cantrell argues that the circuit court erred

by denying his directed-verdict motion. We affirm.

       1 Count one was for delivery of at least ten grams but less than two hundred grams of
methamphetamine. Counts two and three were for delivery of lesser amounts of at least two grams
but less than ten grams of methamphetamine.
         A two-day trial was held on February 8–9, 2023. The State alleged that on three separate

occasions, Cantrell sold methamphetamine to a confidential informant at a home located at 526 Brook

Drive.

         Sheriff Brandon Long testified that, while serving in his former role as a Cleburne County

Sheriff’s Office detective, he was assigned to the narcotics division. In that capacity, Long conducted

three controlled buys of methamphetamine with the cooperation of a criminal informant, Daniel

Pettis. Pettis was issued a video recording device disguised as a key fob to record the transactions.

Long testified that the first controlled buy occurred on May 6, 2021. He stated that after a search of

informant Pettis and his vehicle had been completed, Pettis was issued the recording device and

money to use for the drug purchase. Pettis then drove to 526 Brook Drive. Long testified that he

followed Pettis, as with all controlled buys, to monitor the transaction and for safety reasons. Pettis

was inside the residence for seventeen minutes. Once Pettis left, he met Long at the predetermined

location, Pettis handed over to Long the purchased substance, and it was field tested and indicated

positive for methamphetamine. The methamphetamine was subsequently weighed, packaged, and

sent to the state crime lab for analysis.

         Long testified that the second controlled buy occurred on May 12. Pettis was again searched,

provided the recording device and drug-buy money, and then followed to 526 Brook Drive where

he made another methamphetamine purchase. After the buy, Long collected the methamphetamine

and the video device, searched Pettis and his vehicle for any contraband or controlled substances, and

returned to the sheriff’s office. The same procedure was followed the next day, on May 13 when

the third controlled buy took place.

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        Pettis testified that he “was in a bad world for a while”; consequently, he accumulated

between ten and twenty prior felony convictions. He stated that following an arrest for possession

of methamphetamine, he agreed to work with the sheriff’s office. Pettis testified that he participated

in three controlled buys from Cantrell with Detective Long. Pettis stated that he utilized an audio-

and video-recording device during each of the buys. Portions of each were played, and Pettis

confirmed that he recorded the footage and identified Cantrell in the videos.

        Pettis testified that the first controlled buy transpired while they “were walking out through

the woods” because Cantrell “didn’t want to do the deal at the house.” Pettis stated that he used buy

money received from Detective Long to purchase methamphetamine from Cantrell. He stated that

buys number two and three took place in Cantrell’s house located at 526 Brook Drive. Pettis

clarified, “I don’t think it was his house[,]” but “he lived there.” He stated that he had known Cantrell

for four or five months prior to conducting the controlled buys, and there was no chance that he

misidentified Cantrell as the person who had sold him the methamphetamine.

        Pettis testified that, using buy money from the Cleburne County Sheriff’s Office, he

purchased a half ounce of methamphetamine from Cantrell during the second buy. The purchase was

promptly turned over to Detective Long. As for the third buy, Pettis confirmed that in exchange for

the buy money issued by the sheriff’s office, Cantrell gave him methamphetamine. A portion of

video from the buy was played; Pettis identified Cantrell’s voice and his own. On cross, Pettis

testified that he was not using methamphetamine and was not high when he was doing the controlled

buys. Pettis stated that he had been to 526 Brook Drive four or five times, three times for the buys

and once or twice “probably getting high,” and each time, Cantrell was there.

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       On appeal, Cantrell asserts error in the circuit court’s denial of his directed-verdict motion

because there was insufficient evidence to support the convictions. We treat a motion for a directed

verdict as a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence.2 When reviewing a challenge to the

sufficiency of the evidence, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State and consider

only the evidence that supports the verdict.3 We will affirm a judgment of conviction if substantial

evidence exists to support it.4 Substantial evidence is evidence of sufficient force and character that

it will, with reasonable certainty, compel a conclusion one way or the other without resorting to

speculation or conjecture.5 We defer to the jury’s determination on the matter of witness

credibility.6 Jurors do not and need not view each fact in isolation; rather, they may consider the

evidence as a whole.7 The jury is entitled to draw any reasonable inference from circumstantial

evidence to the same extent that it can be from direct evidence. 8 The jury may resolve questions of

conflicting testimony and inconsistent evidence and may choose to believe the State’s account of the

        2   Kelley v. State, 103 Ark. App. 110, 286 S.W.3d 746 (2008).
        3   Id.

        4   Id.
        5   Id.
        6   Id.
        7   Id.

        8   Id.

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facts rather than the defendant’s.9 The uncorroborated testimony of a State’s witness is sufficient to

sustain a conviction.10

        Cantrell’s first argument on appeal is that there was insufficient evidence to support his

convictions for delivery of methamphetamine.              It is unlawful for a person to deliver

methamphetamine.11 Delivery is defined as the actual, constructive, or attempted transfer from one

person to another of a controlled substance in exchange for money. 12 Cantrell contends that none of

the videos taken during the buys shows an exchange of money or drugs between Cantrell and Pettis.

He argues that the only evidence against Cantrell “was the self-serving testimony of Pettis, an

admitted drug user at the time of the alleged buys who, in exchange for his participation with police,

received cash and a dismissal of multiple charges.” Additionally, he argues that the search of Pettis

and his vehicle prior to each of the buys was not long enough, taking “a mere three minutes,” as

opposed to fifteen to twenty minutes.

        Pettis identified Cantrell as the person who sold him methamphetamine during each of the

three controlled buys. Each of the drug purchases was confirmed to be methamphetamine by testing

performed by the Arkansas State Crime Laboratory. Cantrell’s contention that the evidence is lacking

because the exchange of money and/or drugs was not captured on the recording is unpersuasive. An

informant’s testimony does not require corroboration in the absence of evidence indicating that the

        9   Dunn v. State, 371 Ark. 140, 264 S.W.3d 504 (2007).
        10   Watkins v. State, 2009 Ark. App. 124, 302 S.W.3d 635.

        11   Ark. Code. Ann. § 5-64-422(a) (Repl. 2016).
        12   Ark. Code Ann. § 5-64-101(6) (Supp. 2023).

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informant was an accomplice. Here, Cantrell makes no assertion that Pettis was an accomplice.

Further, consideration of Pettis’s criminal history and motives for cooperating with law enforcement

does not provide reversible error. This court does not weigh the evidence presented at trial or assess

the credibility of the witnesses because those are matters for the fact-finder.13 We will not disregard

a witness’s testimony, including the uncorroborated testimony of a confidential informant, after the

jury has given it full credence.14 Moreover, Cantrell provides no authority establishing that the search

of an informant’s vehicle must endure for a specific period of time to demonstrate thoroughness. We

will not consider an argument that presents no citation to authority or convincing argument. 15

        Cantrell also argues that the evidence was insufficient to support his maintaining-a-drug-

premises conviction. It is unlawful for any person “knowingly to keep or maintain any store, shop,

warehouse, dwelling, building, or other structure or place or premise that is resorted to by a person

for the purpose of using or obtaining a controlled substance in violation of this chapter or that is used

for keeping a controlled substance in violation of this chapter.” 16 Cantrell contends that there was no

evidence that he kept, maintained, or owned the residence located at 526 Brook Drive; in fact, the

evidence demonstrates that the house was owned by someone else, Thomas Wonzy. Ownership of

the dwelling is not an element of the crime.17 Pettis testified that Cantrell lived in the residence

        13   Reynolds v. State, 2017 Ark. App. 212, 518 S.W.3d 134.
        14   Cave v. State, 2017 Ark. App. 212, 518 S.W.3d 134.
        15   Ortega v. State, 2016 Ark. 372, 501 S.W.3d 824.

        16   Ark. Code Ann. § 5-64-402(a)(2) (Repl. 2016).
        17   Curtis v. State, 2015 Ark. App. 167, 457 S.W.3d 700.

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where the drug buys occurred. He had been to the house four or five times, to either use drugs or

purchase drugs, and Cantrell was there each time. Pettis’s testimony was sufficient to establish that

Cantrell lived at the residence and knew drugs were being distributed from the premises.

Accordingly, substantial evidence supports Cantrell’s conviction for maintaining a drug premises.

       Affirmed.

       KLAPPENBACH and HIXSON, JJ., agree.

       Robert M. “Robby” Golden, for appellant.

       Tim Griffin, Att’y Gen., by: Jason Michael Johnson, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.

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