Court Opinion

ID: 9388187
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-19 21:00:19.71272+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:18.664881
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     GREGORY PREWITT,                                DOCKET NUMBER
                 Appellant,                          DC-0752-16-0598-I-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY,                         DATE: April 19, 2023
                 Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Ryan C. Nerney, Esquire, Encinitas, California, for the appellant.

           Daniel Patrick Doyle, Quantico, Virginia, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                               Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                Raymond A. Limon, Member
                                Tristan L. Leavitt, Member 2

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     sustained the agency’s indefinite suspension action. Generally, we grant petitions
     such as this one only in the following circumstances: the initial decision contains

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
     2
       Member Leavitt’s name is included in decisions on which the three -member Board
     completed the voting process prior to his March 1, 2023 departure.
                                                                                         2

     erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous
     interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to
     the facts of the case; the administrative judge’s rulings during either the course of
     the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent with required procedures or
     involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of
     the case; or new and material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite
     the petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record closed. Title 5
     of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).
     After fully considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner
     has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for
     review. Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial
     decision, which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

                                      BACKGROUND
¶2         The appellant serves as a Criminal Investigator with the agency’s Naval
     Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS). Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 8 at 15.
     The appellant’s position requires him to maintain a Top Secret security clearance
     with access to Sensitive Compartmented Information.             Id. at 24-28.     On
     September 29, 2014, the agency’s Office of Inspector General (OIG) initiated an
     investigation into allegations that the appellant violated NCIS policy or engaged
     in other misconduct, including using illegal drugs, possessing contraband images,
     and committing security violations. IAF, Tab 17 at 7. The OIG investigation
     resulted in the issuance of a February 9, 2015 interim Report of Investigation
     (ROI) detailing the investigation; a final ROI was issued on December 1, 2015.
     IAF, Tab 17 at 5-13, Tab 18 at 42-43. 3 On August 19, 2015, the agency proposed
     to suspend the appellant for 45 days based on misconduct described in the interim
     ROI. IAF, Tab 16 at 38-42. The appellant provided an oral and written reply to

     3
      A few pages of the final ROI appear to be omitted from the ROI in the record. IAF,
     Tabs 17, 18.
                                                                                        3

     the proposed suspension, and on November 20, 2015, the deciding official for this
     suspension action issued a decision that mitigated the penalty to a 14-day
     suspension. IAF, Tab 19 at 33-40.
¶3        In a January 20, 2016 memorandum, the agency notified the appellant that it
     had suspended his access to classified information, based on agency regulation
     SECNAV M-5510.30 and the ROI, pending a favorable or unfavorable security
     determination by the Department of Defense Consolidated Adjudications Facility,
     Navy Division. IAF, Tab 8 at 22.       In a February 4, 2016 notice, the agency
     proposed the appellant’s indefinite suspension based on the suspension of his
     access to classified information, pending a final adjudication of his security
     clearance. Id. at 20-21. On February 23, 2016, the appellant submitted a written
     reply to the notice of proposed indefinite suspension, and on April 12, 2016, he
     provided an oral reply. Id. at 17, 29-55. On April 20, 2016, the agency issued a
     decision indefinitely suspending the appellant, effective on April 23, 2016. Id.
     at 17-19.
¶4        The appellant timely filed an appeal to the Board in which he argued that
     the suspension did not promote the efficiency of the service and that the penalty
     was excessive, and he asserted affirmative defenses of age discrimination,
     harmful procedural error, retaliation for participation in protected activity, due
     process defects, res judicata, collateral estoppel, and laches.        IAF, Tab 1
     at 1, 8-28. Prior to the hearing held in this matter, the administrative judge ruled
     that the appellant’s age and disability discrimination claims were “inextricably
     intertwined” with the merits of the agency’s security access determination and
     could not be adjudicated in the instant proceeding.       IAF, Tab 29 at 4.     The
     administrative judge also ruled that, to the extent the appellant was arguing that
     the notice proposing the indefinite suspension was defective because it did not
     inform him of any misconduct and that his access to classified information was
     suspended in retaliation for filing a grievance, those issues pertained to the
     agency’s decision to suspend the appellant’s access to classified information and
                                                                                         4

     would not be adjudicated in the instant proceeding.         Id. at 5-6.   Finally, the
     administrative judge ruled that the 14-day suspension action the agency took in
     2015 was based on separate issues and causes of action from the instant
     proceeding; thus, res judicata and collateral estoppel did not apply to the instant
     proceeding, nor was the appellant subject to double or excessive punishment. Id.
     at 6-7. The administrative judge also notified the appellant of the elements of his
     burden to prove harmful procedural error. Id. at 4-5.
¶5            Following a hearing, the administrative judge issued an initial decision
     sustaining the agency’s indefinite suspension action.          IAF, Tab 31, Initial
     Decision (ID).      Specifically, the administrative judge found that the agency
     proved that the appellant’s position required access to classified information as a
     condition of employment, the appellant’s access to classified information was
     suspended, and the appellant was afforded the minimum due process required
     under 5 U.S.C. § 7513. ID at 2-5. The administrative judge also found that the
     appellant did not show that the agency committed harmful procedural error ;
     accordingly, he sustained the indefinite suspension. ID at 5 -10.
¶6            The appellant has timely filed a petition for review in which he argues that
     (1) the administrative judge erred in finding that the appellant was afforded
     minimum due process under 5 U.S.C. § 7513, (2) the administrative judge erred in
     interpreting agency regulation SECNAV 5510.30 and finding that the agency did
     not violate this regulation or commit harmful procedural error regarding this
     regulation, and (3) the administrative judge erred in findi ng agency witnesses
     credible. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1, Tab 4 at 6. The agency has filed
     a response opposing the petition, and the appellant has filed a reply. PFR File,
     Tabs 3, 4. As set forth below, we find the appellant’s arguments to be without
     merit.
                                                                                     5

                     DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶7         An indefinite suspension lasting more than 14 days is an adverse action
     appealable to the Board under 5 U.S.C. § 7513(d). 5 U.S.C. § 7512(2); Rogers v.
     Department of Defense, 122 M.S.P.R. 671, ¶ 5 (2015).              An agency may
     indefinitely suspend an employee when his access to classified information has
     been suspended and he needs such access to perform his job.               Rogers,
     122 M.S.P.R. 671, ¶ 5. In such a case, the Board lacks the authority to review the
     merits of the decision to suspend an employee’s access to classified information.
     Id.; see Department of the Navy v. Egan, 484 U.S. 518, 530-31 (1988) (holding
     that review of the merits of a security clearance determination is not within the
     Board’s jurisdiction). Rather, the Board retains the authority to review whether
     (1) the employee’s position required access to classified information, (2) the
     employee’s access to classified information was suspended, and (3) the employee
     was provided with the procedural protections specified in 5 U.S.C. § 7513.
     Rogers, 122 M.S.P.R. 671, ¶ 5 (citing Hesse v. Department of State, 217 F.3d
     1372, 1376 (Fed. Cir. 2000)). In addition, the Board has the authority to review
     whether the agency provided the procedural protections required under its own
     regulations.   5 U.S.C. § 7701(c)(2)(A); Rogers, 122 M.S.P.R. 671, ¶ 7; see
     Romero v. Department of Defense, 527 F.3d 1324, 1329-30 (Fed. Cir. 2008).
     Finally, because a tenured Federal employee has a property interest in continued
     employment, the Board also has the authority to determine whether the agency
     provided the employee with minimum due process in taking the indefinite
     suspension action.      See   Buelna v.   Department of        Homeland Security,
     121 M.S.P.R. 262, ¶¶ 13-15 (2014) (reaffirming the Board’s authority to
     determine whether an agency afforded an appellant due process in taking an
     adverse action based on a security clearance determination).
¶8         On review, the appellant does not challenge the administrative judge’s
     findings that his position required access to classified information and that his
     access was suspended. ID at 2-4. We affirm the administrative judge’s findings
                                                                                            6

     that the agency proved the elements of its charge and address the appellant’s
     allegations that the agency denied him due process and committed harmful
     procedural error and that the administrative judge erred in his credibility findings .

     The appellant has not established that the agency did not afford him minimum
     due process.
¶9         On review, the appellant argues that he was not afforded minimum due
     process under 5 U.S.C. § 7513 because (1) the notice of proposed indefinite
     suspension did not contain sufficient notice and an explanation of the charges
     against him, (2) he did not receive the interim ROI in sufficient time to analyze it
     before his oral reply, (3) he did not receive the final ROI, which the deciding
     official relied upon to issue his decision, until after the suspension was effected,
     and (4) the deciding official did not have the authority to choose an alternative
     penalty to indefinite suspension. PFR File, Tab 1 at 8-12. The initial decision
     did not distinguish the appellant’s constitutional right to procedural due process
     from the procedural protections provided by statute under 5 U.S.C. § 7513, and
     on review, it is unclear whether the appellant is alleging a violation of one or both
     sets of rights. 4 ID at 4-5; PFR File, Tab 1 at 8-12.         As set forth below, the
     appellant’s arguments are without merit under either avenue.

     4
       Although 5 U.S.C. § 7513 is inclusive of the due process rights independently
     guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution, the inquiry as to whether an agency provided
     due process is, in certain respects, a distinct inquiry from whether the agency has
     complied with the procedures set forth in section 7513. Buelna, 121 M.S.P.R. 262, ¶ 15
     n.6. The right to due process is conferred by constitutional guarantee and is not subject
     to the harmful error test. Id.; see Stone v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,
     179 F.3d 1368, 1375, 1377 (Fed. Cir. 1999) (explaining that the Federal statutory
     employment scheme creates a property interest in continued employment but this
     property interest is not defined by, or conditioned on, Congress’ choice of procedures
     for deprivation of the interest). Conversely, the procedural protections enumerated in
     section 7513 are statutory, and an appellant must show that the agency committed
     harmful error in applying its procedures to warrant reversing an action. See Rawls v.
     U.S. Postal Service, 94 M.S.P.R. 614, ¶¶ 22-24 (2003) (examining whether the
     appellant showed that the agency committed harmful error in effecting the appellant’s
     indefinite suspension and removal under 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b)), aff’d, 129 F. App’x 628
     (Fed. Cir. 2005); cf. Gargiulo v. Department of Homeland Security, 727 F.3d 1181,
                                                                                            7

¶10         The essential requirements of constitutional due process for a tenured public
      employee are notice of the charges against him, with an explanation of the
      evidence, and an opportunity for the employee to present his account of events
      prior to the deprivation of his property right to continued employmen t. Cleveland
      Board of Education v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 546-48 (1985).               Here, the
      agency provided the appellant with the minimum notice, explanation of the
      evidence, and opportunity to respond that due process required.
¶11         We find that the agency afforded the appellant sufficient notice and an
      explanation of the charges against him. In the context of an indefinite suspension
      stemming from the suspension of an employee’s access to classified information,
      the only relevant factual disputes that could be raised regarding the charge are
      whether the position required access to classified information and whether that
      access was suspended.       See Buelna, 121 M.S.P.R. 262, ¶ 23.          Thus, in this
      context, an agency is not obligated as a matter of constitutional due process to
      notify the employee of the specific reasons for suspending his access to classified
      information. Id., ¶ 25. For the purposes of due process, it is sufficient for an
      agency to inform the employee that his position required access to classified
      information and that he could no longer hold his position once he had lost access
      to classified information. Id. Here, the agency provided the appellant with this
      information in the notice of proposed indefinite suspension. IAF, Tab 8 at 20.
¶12         We similarly find that the appellant had an opportunity to respond to the
      proposed indefinite suspension prior to its imposition. Due process requires, at a
      minimum, that an employee being deprived of his property interest be given “the
      opportunity to be heard ‘at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner.’”
      Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 333 (1976) (quoting Armstrong v. Manzo,

      1186 (Fed. Cir. 2013) (holding that the right to notice of the reasons for suspending an
      employee’s access to classified information, when that is the reason for placing an
      employee on enforced leave pending a decision on the employee’s security clearance, is
      not constitutional but statutorily provided by 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b)).
                                                                                               8

      380 U.S. 545, 552 (1965)). It is undisputed that the appellant had the opportunity
      to respond to the deciding official, both in writing and orally, before the
      indefinite suspension was imposed; accordingly, we conclude that the appellant
      had the opportunity to be heard at a meaningful time. IAF, Tab 8 at 17, 29-55;
      Buelna, 121 M.S.P.R. 262, ¶ 21.
¶13         The opportunity to be heard in a meaningful manner in connection with an
      adverse action based on the suspension of access to classified information is
      limited to “invok[ing] the discretion of a deciding official with authority to
      change the outcome of the proposed action to the extent that may have been
      feasible.” Id., ¶ 28. The appellant argues that the deciding official did not have
      the authority to change his decision based on the deciding official’s testimony
      that (1) he had no other option than to suspend the appellant if he found his
      position required access to classified information and that access wa s suspended,
      and (2) suggested he did not read or consider all of the evidence. 5 PFR File,
      Tab 1 at 9-12. We find the appellant’s assertions that the deciding official had
      limited authority are unsupported by the record. The deciding official testified
      that he had the authority to consider other options and considered the appellant’s
      request for relief other than indefinite suspension, but he did not consider
      administrative leave a good use of agency resources, and he did not find that
      reassignment to other duties usually worked out well.            IAF, Tab 30, Hearing
      Compact Disc (HCD) (testimony of the deciding official). Due process does not
      demand that the deciding official consider alternatives to the proposed adverse
      action that are prohibited, impracticable, or outside management’s purview.
      Buelna, 121 M.S.P.R. 262, ¶ 27.          Here, the record reflects that the deciding
      official had the authority to consider and did, in fact, consider the appellant’s

      5
        In his reply to the agency’s opposition to the petition for review, the appellant asserts
      that he was unable to cite specifically to the hearing record because he and his
      representatives were unable to open the hearing compact disc. PFR File, Tab 4
      at 7-8, 11. We have reviewed the relevant hearing testimony and do not find support
      for the appellant’s characterization of the deciding official’s testimony.
                                                                                           9

      requests and alternative penalties but chose not to impose a lesser penalty. See
      HCD (testimony of the deciding official).
¶14         The appellant also argues that the deciding official’s testimony that he did
      not know the appellant was working in a nonclassified environment for a period
      of time prior to the indefinite suspension and that another individual had
      allegedly remained in an unclassified position pending a security clearance
      determination as evidence that the deciding official did not read or consider the
      appellant’s replies prior to making his decision. PFR File, Tab 1 at 11 -12. Our
      review of the record reflects that the deciding official testified that he was not
      aware the appellant was placed in a nonclassified position from January to April
      2016. HCD (testimony of the deciding official). Even if the appellant provided
      the deciding official with this information during his replies, it is not sufficient to
      establish that the deciding official did not consider the appellant’s replies and did
      not have the authority to impose a different penalty.          The deciding official
      testified that he considered all of the written documents provided by the appellant
      and his oral reply, and he also stated in his April 20, 2016 decision that he
      considered the appellant’s written and oral replies.       IAF, Tab 8 at 17 ; HCD
      (testimony of the deciding official). We do not find the appellant’s work in a
      nonclassified position so material to the deciding official’s consideration of the
      appellant’s replies as to demonstrate that the deciding official did not consider the
      replies. Accordingly, we conclude that the appellant received an opportunity to
      invoke the deciding official’s authority to change the o utcome of the indefinite
      suspension and has not shown that he was denied due process.

      The appellant has not established that the agency failed to provide the appellant
      with the procedural protections set forth in 5 U.S.C. § 7513.
¶15         Alternatively, the appellant may establish that the agency failed to provide
      him with the procedural protections provided under 5 U.S.C. § 7513, but he has
      not made such a showing. An employee cannot be deprived of his interest in
      continued employment without the procedural protections provided by 5 U.S.C.
                                                                                             10

      § 7513(b). 6 King v. Alston, 75 F.3d 657, 661 (Fed. Cir. 1996). The Board will
      reverse an indefinite suspension based on the suspension of a security cleara nce if
      the appellant shows harmful error in the application of 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b) in
      arriving at the decision to impose the suspension. 5 U.S.C. § 7701(c)(2)(A); see
      Buelna, 121 M.S.P.R. 262, ¶¶ 33-34; Rawls, 94 M.S.P.R. 614, ¶¶ 22-23. To prove
      harmful procedural error, the appellant must show both that the agency committed
      procedural error and that the error was harmful. Rogers, 122 M.S.P.R. 671, ¶ 7.
      Harmful error cannot be presumed; an agency error is harmful only wh ere the
      record shows that the error was likely to have caused the agency to reach a
      conclusion different from the one it would have reached in the absence or cure of
      the error.     Id.    The appellant bears the burden of proving by preponderant
      evidence that the agency committed harmful error in reaching its decision.
      5 C.F.R. § 1201.56(b)(2)(i)(C), (c)(1).
¶16           On review, the appellant argues that the administrative judge erred in
      finding that the appellant received the protections afforded by 5 U.S.C. § 7513
      because the notice of proposed indefinite suspension was insufficiently detailed
      as to the reasons for the suspension. PFR File, Tab 1 at 8-9. The administrative
      judge     found      that   it   was   sufficient   that   the   notice   referenced   the
      suspension-of-access letter, which referenced the ROI upon which the suspension

      6
          Section 7513(b) provides:
               An employee against whom an action is proposed is entitled to —
                  (1) at least 30 days’ advance written notice, unless there is reasonable
                  cause to believe the employee has committed a crime for which a
                  sentence of imprisonment may be imposed, stating the specific reasons
                  for the proposed action;
                  (2) a reasonable time, but not less than 7 days, to answer orally and in
                  writing and to furnish affidavits and other documentary evidence in
                  support of the answer;
                  (3) be represented by an attorney or other representative; and
                  (4) a written decision and the specific reasons therefor at the earliest
                  practicable date.
                                                                                    11

of access was based, and we agree. ID at 5. Under 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b)(1), an
employee facing an adverse action must be notified of the specific reasons for a
proposed adverse action. Buelna, 121 M.S.P.R. 262, ¶ 25. In the context of an
indefinite suspension based on the suspension of access to classified information,
section 7513(b)(1) requires that the appellant be provided sufficient information
to make an informed reply, including a statement of the reasons for suspending
the access. Id., ¶ 34. Here, the February 4, 2016 notice of proposed indefinite
suspension did not state the reasons for suspending the appellant’s access to
classified information; however, it stated that, “As documented by reference (c),
you received a letter from the NCIS security office suspending your access to
classified information pending a final adjudication of your security clearance,”
and referred to reference (c) as the January 20, 2016 memorandum notifying the
appellant that his access to classified information had been suspended.          IAF,
Tab 8 at 20-22. The appellant has not disputed that he received the January 20,
2016 notice. Id. at 22. The January 20, 2016 notice stated that, “Per references
(a) and (b), your access to classified information has been suspended,” and
referred to reference (b) as the ROI. Id. The ROI contained a narrative statement
detailing the allegations leveled against the appellant upon which the
investigation was based, as well as a 9-page investigative report and 19 exhibits
attached to the report. IAF, Tabs 17, 18. The record reflects that the appellant’s
representative in the proposed 45-day suspension action received the interim ROI
by October 2015, and even if the appellant did not receive the ROI at that time
from his representative, he received the ROI 1 week prior to his oral reply to the
proposed indefinite suspension. 7    IAF, Tab 19 at 58; HCD (testimony of the

7
  The appellant claimed that he did not receive the ROI prior to 1 week before his oral
reply in the proposed indefinite suspension action. HCD (testimony of the appellant).
However, the August 19, 2015 proposed 45-day suspension for the appellant referenced
the interim ROI. IAF, Tab 16 at 38-42. The proposing official in the 45-day
suspension action, who was also the proposing official in the indefinite suspension
action, testified that the ROI was an enclosure to the proposal to suspend and that
                                                                                          12

      appellant); PFR File, Tab 1 at 8. Thus, the February 4, 2016 notice of proposed
      indefinite suspension directed the appellant, via the January 20, 2016 notice
      suspending his access to classified information, to a statement in the ROI of the
      reasons for suspending his access to classified information that was sufficiently
      detailed for the appellant to make an informed reply. See Buelna, 121 M.S.P.R.
      262, ¶ 34 (concluding that the notice suspending the appellant’s security
      clearance, coupled with the notice proposing his indefinite suspension, adequately
      informed him of the basis for suspending his security clearance).
¶17         The appellant also argues that his receipt of the interim ROI after his
      written reply and 1 week prior to his oral reply to the proposed indefinite
      suspension provided an insufficient amount of time to analyze the interi m ROI.
      PFR File, Tab 1 at 8-10. He does not contend that he was unable to review the
      ROI during that time period. Although the record reflects that the appellant’s
      first representative received the interim ROI in October 2015, even if the
      appellant did not receive the ROI until 1 week before the oral reply to the
      proposed indefinite suspension, we nevertheless find that receipt of the interim
      ROI 1 week prior to the oral reply was a reasonable amount of time for the
      appellant to review it and make an informed reply. See 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b)(2)
      (providing for a reasonable amount of time, but no less than 7 days, to answer
      orally and in writing).
¶18         Finally, the appellant argues that it was error that he did not receive the
      final ROI until after the decision to impose the indefinite suspension was issued
      because the deciding official relied upon it in issuing the decision. PFR File,
      Tab 1 at 8. As the only information material to an agency’s charge involving the
      suspension of access to classified information is whether the employee’s position

      although he did not personally deliver the proposal and enclosures to the appellant, he
      provides them to his staff to provide to the employee. HCD (testimony of the proposing
      official). During the appellant’s October 30, 2015 oral reply to the proposed 45-day
      suspension, the appellant’s representative acknowledged receiving the August 19, 2015
      proposal and materials relied upon. IAF, Tab 19 at 58.
                                                                                        13

      required access to classified information and whether that access was suspended,
      there is no evidence that any differences between the interim and final ROI
      constituted new and material information regarding the charge.          See Buelna,
      121 M.S.P.R. 262, ¶ 31.        To the extent the deciding official’s penalty
      determination was influenced by the factual basis for the underlying suspension
      of access to classified information, an appellant is entitled to notice of the
      information on which he relied; however, the appellant does not make this
      argument, nor does the record reflect that the deciding official considered the
      underlying suspension of access to classified information in his choice of penalty.
      IAF, Tab 8 at 17-19; HCD (testimony of the deciding official); see Buelna,
      121 M.S.P.R. 262, ¶¶ 31-32. Accordingly, we affirm the administrative judge’s
      findings that the appellant did not prove that the agency did not provide him with
      the procedural protections set forth in 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b).

      The appellant has not established that the agency committed harmful procedural
      error in applying its regulations.
¶19         On review, the appellant argues that the administrative judge erred in ruling
      that referencing the ROI in the notice of proposed indefinite suspension was
      sufficient to satisfy agency regulation SECNAV 5510.30 § 9-2(2)(a). PFR File,
      Tab 1 at 15-16. He further argues that the agency violated SECNAV 5510.30
      because it failed to attach the ROI to the notice of proposed indefinite suspension ,
      and he did not receive the interim ROI until 1 week before his oral reply and did
      not receive the final ROI until after the suspension was effected. Id. at 12-14.
      He contends that the agency’s alleged violation prevented him from responding to
      the agency’s specific concerns, and the deciding official would likely have
      changed his decision had he done so. Id. at 13-14.
¶20         The Board will reverse an agency decision if the appellant proves harmful
      error in the agency’s application of its procedures in arrivin g at such a decision.
      5 U.S.C. § 7701(c)(2)(A); Rogers, 122 M.S.P.R. 671, ¶ 7. The agency procedure
      at issue, contained in SECNAV M-5510.30 § 9-7(2)(a), provides that whenever a
                                                                                        14

      determination is made to suspend access to classified information, “The
      individual concerned must be notified of the determination in writing within
      10 days by the commanding officer or designee, to include a brief statement of
      the reason(s) for the suspension action consistent with the interests of national
      security.”      SECNAV        M-5510.30     § 9-7(2)(a)    (2006),    available    at
      https://usna.edu/Training/_files/documents/References/3C%20MQS%20Reference
      s/SECNAV%20Manual%205510.30%20Personnel%20Security%20Program.pdf
      (emphasis in the original) (last visited on Apr. 12, 2023). 8 The appellant argues,
      as he did below, that the January 20, 2016 notice suspending his access to
      classified information did not state the reasons for the suspension action. IAF,
      Tab 16 at 9-10; PFR File, Tab 1 at 15-16. The administrative judge found that the
      notice indicated that the reason the appellant was suspended was based on the
      ROI. ID at 9. We agree with the administrative judge that, however brief, the
      January 20, 2016 notice provided a statement of the reason for suspen ding the
      appellant’s access to classified information. IAF, Tab 8 at 22.
¶21         The appellant argues that referencing the document on which the suspension
      is based, and the agency’s alleged failure to provide the document, is insufficient
      to meet the regulation’s requirements; however, the regulation is silent as to
      whether such a reference is sufficient.      The agency official that issued the
      January 20, 2016 notice testified that the January 20, 2016 notice was in
      compliance with the agency regulation, and the appellant has not presented any
      evidence to rebut the agency’s interpretation of its regulation. HCD (testimony of
      the NCIS security manager).       Where a governing statute is silent and the
      implementing regulations are ambiguous on the issue to be resolved, the
      implementing agency’s interpretation of its own regulations is entitled to

      8
         The record does not contain a copy of the regulation at issue . The agency’s
      prehearing statement cited to an online copy of SECNAV M-5510.30 that is no longer
      available. IAF, Tab 20 at 5. The initial decision and petition for review incorrectly
      cited the quoted agency regulation as SECNAV M-5510.30 § 9-2(2)(a).
                                                                                      15

      deference when it is reasonable and does not conflict with a governing statute,
      even if other interpretations are possible. Phillips v. Department of the Interior,
      95 M.S.P.R. 21, ¶ 9 (2003) (citing Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources
      Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 842-43 (1984), and Wassenaar v. Office of
      Personnel Management, 21 F.3d          1090, 1092 (Fed. Cir. 1994)),         aff’d,
      131 F. App’x 709 (Fed. Cir. 2005). We find that the agency’s interpretation is
      entitled to deference, particularly in light of our decisions finding that it is
      sufficient for the purpose of 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b)(1) for the agency notice setting
      forth a proposed adverse action concerning the suspension of access to classified
      information to direct the appellant to another document in his possession that sets
      forth the specific reasons for the action at issue. See, e.g., Buelna, 121 M.S.P.R.
      262, ¶ 34. Accordingly, we do not find that the administrative judge erred in
      interpreting SECNAV M-5510.30 § 9-7(2)(a).
¶22         The appellant argues that the agency official that issued the January 20,
      2016 notice acknowledged that the notice of suspension of access to classified
      information would be defective if the appellant did not have the ROI to which it
      referred and that the appellant did not receive the ROI; therefore, the notice was
      defective.   HCD (testimony of the NCIS security manager); PFR File, Tab 1
      at 12-13. The administrative judge did not explicitly make findings as to whether
      the January 20, 2016 notice would have been defective if the appellant had not
      received the ROI prior to or concurrently with receipt of the notice and whether
      the appellant possessed the ROI at the time he received the January 20, 2016
      notice.   ID at 9-10.   As set forth above, the appellant’s first representative
      received the interim ROI prior to the issuance of the January 20, 2016 notice.
      IAF, Tab 19 at 58. Even if the appellant did not receive the interim ROI from his
      first representative and was not in receipt of the ROI at the time he received the
      January 20, 2016 notice, we need not determine whether the appellant established
      that the agency erred in this regard because the appellant has not established that
      any such error would have been harmful.         Even if the agency violated its
                                                                                      16

      regulation, the appellant has not established that it would have led the agency to
      reach a different conclusion concerning the proposed indefinite suspension. See
      Robinson v. Department of the Treasury, 96 M.S.P.R. 600, ¶¶ 11-13 (2004)
      (holding that the appellant failed to prove harmful procedural error when she did
      not show that the agency’s failure to comply fully with the procedural
      requirements of 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b) caused the agency to reach a conclusion
      different from the one it would have reached in the absence or cure of the error ),
      aff’d, 135 F. App’x 423 (Fed. Cir. 2005). The appellant claims that if he had
      known the specific reasons for his suspension, he “would have been able to
      structure his appeal to address the specific concerns of the Agency,” including
      providing documentation to show he was fit for duty and that he had not
      communicated with foreign nationals or had substance abuse issues. PFR File,
      Tab 1 at 13-15. Even if the notice of suspension of the appellant’s access to
      classified information required more specificity, the appellant nevertheless
      received the ROI, which provided the entire basis for the suspension of his access
      to classified information, prior to his oral reply to the proposed indefinite
      suspension. Id. at 8. Moreover, the appellant’s written reply, submitted prior to
      the date on which he allegedly received the ROI, addressed his mental health and
      fitness for duty, as well as his disclosure of foreign contacts.      IAF, Tab 8
      at 30-41. There is no evidence that receiving a more detailed statement of the
      reasons for suspending the appellant’s access to classified information or the ROI
      at an earlier time would have changed the appellant’s response or the deciding
      official’s decision regarding the charge or the penalty.      We thus affirm the
      administrative judge’s finding that the agency did not commit harmful procedural
      error in applying SECNAV M-5510.30 § 9-7(2)(a) to the appellant.

      The appellant has not established that the administrative judge erred in finding
      agency witnesses credible.
¶23        On review, the appellant argues that the administrative judge erred in
      finding agency witness testimony credible.         PFR File, Tab 1 at 14-15.
                                                                                       17

      Specifically, the appellant appears to argue that (1) the administrative judge
      should not have found the testimony of the agency officials that suspended the
      appellant’s access to classified information and         proposed the indefinite
      suspension credible because they did not know that the appellant never received
      the ROI, (2) the administrative judge should not have found the deciding
      official’s testimony credible because the testimony suggested that he did not
      know material information before making his decision, and (3) the administrative
      judge did not take into account testimony that if the appellant did not receive the
      ROI, then the notice of indefinite suspension would have been defective. Id.
¶24        The    Board    must   defer   to   an   administrative   judge’s   credibility
      determinations when they are based, explicitly or implicitly, on observing the
      demeanor of witnesses testifying at a hearing. Haebe v. Department of Justice,
      288 F.3d 1288, 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2002). Although the Board may decline to defer
      to an administrative judge’s credibility findings that are abbreviated, based on
      improper considerations, or unsupported by the record, Redschlag v. Department
      of the Army, 89 M.S.P.R. 589, ¶ 13 (2001), it may not overturn an administrative
      judge’s demeanor-based credibility findings merely because it disagrees with
      those findings, Purifoy v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 838 F.3d 1367, 1372
      (Fed. Cir. 2016) (quoting Haebe, 288 F.3d at 1299). Although the administrative
      judge did not make detailed credibility findings, our review of the relevant
      testimony reflects that his findings are supported by the record. Although neither
      the proposing official in the proposed indefinite suspension nor the proposing
      official in the suspension of the appellant’s access to classified information
      directly delivered the ROI, both testified that, to their knowledge, the appellant
      had received the ROI and provided the basis of that knowledge. HCD (testimony
      of the proposing official, testimony of the NCIS security officer). For example,
      the official who proposed the appellant’s indefinite suspension testified that he
      provided the ROI to his staff, who had an obligation to provide it to the appellant,
      and the official who suspended the appellant’s access to classified information
                                                                                     18

testified that another official briefed him that the ROI was part of the disciplina ry
action. HCD (testimony of the proposing official, testimony of the NCIS security
officer).   The appellant has not disputed the veracity of the agency officials’
testimony regarding the basis of their belief that the appellant received the ROI
and has thus not provided a valid challenge to their credibility.            We have
addressed above the appellant’s other two assertions regarding the testimony of
the deciding official and the testimony regarding the deficiencies in the notice
suspending the appellant’s access to classified information and find them without
merit. Accordingly, we deny the appellant’s petition for review and affirm the
initial decision.

                         NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 9
       You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By
statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such
review and the appropriate forum with which to file.              5 U.S.C. § 7703(b).
Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit
Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most
appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a
statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their
jurisdiction.   If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should
immediately review the law applicable to your claims and carefully follow all
filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file within the applicable time
limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum.
       Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of revi ew
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions

9
  Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                        19

about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.                 5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit    your   petition    to   the   court    at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided b y any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or    EEOC    review     of   cases      involving   a   claim      of
discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
                                                                                20

judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court (not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.     5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. ____ , 137 S. Ct. 1975 (2017).          If you have a
representative in this case, and your representative receives this decision before
you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar days
after your representative receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of
discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling
condition, you may be entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and
to waiver of any requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, o r other security. See
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                         Office of Federal Operations
                  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                               P.O. Box 77960
                          Washington, D.C. 20013
                                                                                     21

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant     to   the    Whistleblower      Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section
2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i),
(B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either with the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 10   The court of appeals must receive your petition for
review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:

10
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115 -195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                              22

                             U.S. Court of Appeals
                             for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                            Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:                            /s/ for
                                          Jennifer Everling
                                          Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.