Court Opinion

ID: 7949638
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-08 23:24:59.66925+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:34:05.249618
License: Public Domain

Ostrander, J.
Paragraphs 1, 2, 3, and 5 of the bill of complaint are here set out:
“(1) That there is located in the township of Hamburg, Livingston county, Mich., on the west half of section No. 14 and the east half of section No. 15 a small body of fresh water known as Winans lake, covering about 100 acres of land; that said body of water is one of the finest lakes in southern. Michigan entirely surrounded by a highway and a good shore and *514is well stocked with fish and is a valuable piece of property.
“(2) That your orator is the owner in fee simple of all the land to the high-water mark under the water of the said lake, except a small parcel on the east shore thereof, of which land your orator has a lease from the tenant thereof of all the land under the water upon said east shore; that he is either the owner in fee simple or the lessee and in possession of all the land covered by the waters of Winans lake to the high-water mark thereof; that he is also the owner of about 800 acres of real estate adjacent to said lake and the owner of cottages located upon the shores thereof, which cottages are used by him and his friends and tenants as summer homes.
“ (3) He shows that no other person or persons own any of the lands under the waters of said lake, and that there are no riparian owners thereof except himself. He further shows that there is no natural outlet to the waters of said lake and no outlet [inlet?] thereto except small ditches draining the adjacent lands. * * *
“(5) He further shows unto the court that David O. Willetts, Willis G. Johnson, and La Verne O. Cushing, all of whom are residents of the city of Ann Arbor, have from time to time for a period of two or three years last past been in the habit of coming upon your orator’s premises without his permission or consent and going upon said lake with their boats and fishing outfits and with their friends and agents and traversing the waters of said lake, taking fish therefrom, crossing your orator’s premises, and denying him the right to control his own premises; that your orator has asked the said above-named parties who are made defendants to this bill to desist and refrain from trespassing upon his property as aforesaid, and that they deny your orator’s rights to control his own property, and that they threatened to continue with their acts of trespass as heretofore stated, unless restrained from so doing by an order of your honorable court.”
At the hearing in the court below the plaintiff moved for leave to amend the bill of complaint, and, receiv*515ing leave to do so, over objections which are repeated and urged on this appeal, stated the proposed amendment as follows:
“The amendment, I propose, is to strike out of the second paragraph the sentence reading, ‘That he is either the owner in fee simple or the lessee of all the land covered by the waters of Winans lake to the high-water mark thereof,’ and insert instead of that the following: ‘That the lands on the southerly and westerly parts of said lake are owned by the plaintiff and his brother, Edwin B. Winans, Jr., subject to a dower interest therein owned by their mother, all of which lands he is in possession and has control thereof, except the dwelling house in which his mother resides; that he is either, the owner in fee simple or the lessee or the joint owner and in possession of all the land covered by the waters of Winans lake to the high-water mark thereof.’ ”
The prayer of the bill is that the said defendants be restrained, temporarily and permanently, from entering upon said premises without plaintiff’s permission. Defendants filed a joint answer, in which they admit the existence of the lake, that it is surrounded by a public highway, and they say that the boundary of the highway extends on the lake side to the low-water mark of the lake, and aver that any person rightfully upon the highway can rightfully pass over the waters of the lake in a boat without trespassing on the lands of any riparian owner. They aver, further, that the highway was established, constructed, and maintained by the public. They deny that plaintiff is the owner of all the land under the waters of the lake to the high-water mark except a small portion on the east side, or that he is the owner of all the land or the lessee thereof under the water of the lake. They aver that more than one-third of the shore of the lake on the east side is owned in fee by the heirs and estate of George Hull, deceased, and that those lands have been in the actual exclusive posses*516sion and control of said. George Hull and his grantors for more than 30 years, and deny that plaintiff has any valid lease for the lands under the waters of the lake in front of the lands of the said George Hull, deceased, and deny that he is now, or has at any time during the last 5 years been, in actual or exclusive possession of any of the lands of the said George Hull bounded on the said lake above, or under the waters thereof. They deny that no other person than the plaintiff is the owner of any lands under the waters of the lake, saying again that the heirs and estate of George Hull, deceased, own in fee simple more than one-half the east shore of the lake and the land under the waters thereof to the low-water mark, and as owners they and their grantors have enjoyed the legal right for more than 30 years to go upon the waters of the lake and fish therein, and that no portion of the lands belonging to the heirs and estate of the said Hull, deceased, is now, or ever has been, in the possession of the plaintiff. They deny that there is no natural inlet or outlet to the lake, but aver that there is such an inlet and such an outlet. The defendants deny that they, or either of them, have at any time during the last 3 years gone upon the waters of the lake by passing over the land of plaintiff. They admit that they have gone upon the waters of the lake and fished therein, but say that in so doing they have in every instance gone over the lands belonging to the heirs and estate of the said George Hull, deceased, and have in every instance first obtained a permit and license so to do from said heirs and estate of the said Hull, deceased.
The cause came on to be heard in open court, testimony was taken therein as in a suit at law, and a decree favorable to plaintiff, and from which he has not appealed, was entered. Defendants have appealed.
Plaintiff says the only question involved is whether *517or not “a man who owns the bed of the lake, even though it has an outlet through which fish may pass and repass, may control it and keep others from trespassing thereon.”
For the defendants it is said that the testimony does not support the contention that plaintiff is the owner or lessee of all of the land above or below high-water mark, but that, if he is owner or lessee of the entire bed of Winans Lake, and as such a riparian owner has the exclusive right to fish in the lake, he cannot maintain this action because he has leased the right to fish in the lake to the Pleasant Lake Club, a private lease. It is contended further that the undisputed facts show that Winans lake is a part of the navigable waters of the State, and any person navigating these waters from Lake Erie through and upon the Huron river and so through the connecting waters of Strawberry and Zukey lakes is rightfully upon the water and may fish therein from his boat. Finally, it is contended that, if Winans lake is, in fact, a private pond, plaintiff has not given such a notice to the public not to fish in its waters as to revoke the license which the public by custom had to fish there.
Winans lake used to be called Pleasant lake. There is no evidence that it is a meandered body, and there is only one line recorded in the government survey, which is the section line between sections. 14 and 15. The water covers a part of the southeast quarter of the northwest quarter, also the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter, and the northeast quarter of the southwest quarter, and the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter and the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter, and the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of .section 14. On some of the subdivisions the water only covers a slight part thereof. On section 15 it covers a portion of the east half of the northeast quarter, the northeast quarter of the *518southeast quarter, the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter, and the west half of the southeast quarter, about 160 acres in all. There is a small outlet from the lake, and, whether it was originally an artificial or a natural passage for the water, it has existed for many years, water running to Gut lake, some 24 rods away, from thence to Zukey. lake, and from thence, not directly, but finally, to the Huron river. Fish can pass from the Huron river to Winans lake by the various connecting waterways. A boat, if small enough, might be floated from Lake Erie to and upon Winans lake, which lake has, however, no inlet except small, spring-fed streams. From a public highway one may step into the waters of the lake or into a boat upon the surface of. the lake.
It is plain, however, that the lake is not a public, navigable body of water, and 'is a privately owned pond. Giddings v. Rogalewski, 192 Mich. 319 (158 N. W. 951), and cases cited. Defendants have no right or license, from any owner or part owner of the property, to fish therein, without which, whether they enter the premises from a highway or elsewhere, they are trespassers. They have not been misled by any custom of public fishing in the pond or any failure to notify them that a public license to continue to fish there had been withdrawn. Marsh v. Colby, 39 Mich. 626 (33 Am. Rep. 439). The fact that there may be fish in the lake, not the private property of plaintiff or of any one else, and that the State may control the taking of fish therein, does not avail the defendants. They can no more enter without permission the portions of the premises covered by water than they can invade the uplands of the riparian owners. Sterling v. Jackson, 69 Mich. 488 (37 N. W. 845, 13 Am. St. Rep. 405); Hall v. Alford, 114 Mich. 165 (72 N. W. 137, 38 L. R. A. 205); Giddings v. Rogalewski, supra.
Except as costs are involved, the enforcement of *519the decree according to its terms can affect no right or privilege which defendants, or either of them, possess. It is not of the slightest consequence to them whether the plaintiff does, or does not, possess all of the rights which he asserts. They have no business fishing in the lake without permission, and permission they do not claim to have. However, since they have been invited, if not forced, into court, and since a decree for costs against them has been entered, I must inquire whether plaintiff is technically or otherwise entitled to the relief granted by the decree.
There is evidence of such an assertion of right by defendants and such conduct that continuing trespasses might be anticipated, to prevent which a court of equity may grant an injunction. There is such evidence of a family arrangement, to which plaintiff, his brother, and his mother are parties, by which plaintiff is in such possession and control of the Winans estate, and expected, if not under obligation, to protect and defend it from trespassers, that defendants ought not to be permitted to profit by any want of formality in the arrangement. And although the right to fish in the lake may have been granted by plaintiff to the Pleasant Lake Club, this fact does not prevent plaintiff from preventing, by proper action, trespasses upon his property. So also it is quite unimportant whether the injunction granted is in form perpetual. It should continue until such time as defendants, or some of them, have secured the right to invade the property and will not prevent them from securing or from exercising the right when obtained.
As I understand the record, however, plaintiff has not shown himself to be owner, or lessee in possession, of all of the land covered by the waters of the lake. In such case, of course, defendants might prove a license to fish in the lake, and it would then be a question for decision whether, possessing such a *520license, the licensee could fish in any part of the lake. No such question is presented upon this record.
No reason for disturbing the decree is seen, and it is affirmed, with costs to appellee.
Stone, Bird, Moore, Steere, and Brooke, JJ., concurred with Ostrander, J.