Court Opinion

ID: 4512769
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-03-04 21:00:31.657775+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:56.381799
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                            FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         MAR 4 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                        No.   19-10128

                Plaintiff-Appellee,              D.C. No.
                                                 2:18-cr-01096-GMS-1
 v.

HECTOR JIMENEZ-PENALOZA,                         MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant-Appellant.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Arizona
                     G. Murray Snow, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted March 2, 2020**
                                Phoenix, Arizona

Before: CLIFTON, OWENS, and BENNETT, Circuit Judges.

      Hector Jimenez-Penaloza appeals from his jury conviction for transportation

of illegal aliens in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1)(A)(ii), (a)(1)(B)(ii). We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. As the parties are familiar with the facts, we

do not recount them here. We affirm.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      1.     Jimenez-Penaloza argues that the district court erred by using Ninth

Circuit Model Criminal Jury Instruction 9.2 and by denying his Federal Rule of

Criminal Procedure 29 motion because the material witnesses found in the van he

was driving were not “unlawfully” in the United States.1 He reasons that “[a]s a

general rule, it is not a crime for a removable alien to remain present in the United

States.” Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387, 407 (2012). However, the law

and the evidence support that the material witnesses, who Jimenez-Penaloza

concedes had recently illegally entered the United States and were inadmissible

under immigration law, were not “lawfully” in the United States. Cf. Melendres v.

Arpaio, 695 F.3d 990, 1000-01 (9th Cir. 2012) (discussing that an individual may

be “unlawfully” present in the United States under civil immigration law without

having committed a crime). Therefore, the district court did not err by giving

Model Criminal Jury Instruction 9.2 or by denying Jimenez-Penaloza’s Rule 29

motion.

      2.     Jimenez-Penaloza also argues that, after the case was submitted to the

jury and the jury asked for a translation of an exhibit containing text messages

from Jimenez-Penaloza’s cell phone, the district court should have reopened the

1
 The government has waived its contention that Jimenez-Penaloza waived this
argument by stipulating that both material witnesses were “unlawfully in the
United States” because the government failed to assert waiver in the district court.
See United States v. Tercero, 734 F.3d 979, 981 (9th Cir. 2013) (holding that the
government waived waiver by failing to assert it in the district court).

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record for the court interpreter to translate the exhibit. Contrary to his contention,

the district court did not violate Jimenez-Penaloza’s due process rights in refusing

to reopen the record because he had the opportunity to cross-examine the agent

who orally translated the text messages, and he could have sought to introduce a

written translation prior to the close of evidence. See Jennings v. Mahoney, 404

U.S. 25, 26-27 (1971) (per curiam) (holding that there was no due process

violation where the “appellant was afforded the opportunity to present evidence

and cross-examine witnesses”). Likewise, the Court Interpreters Act did not

require that the court interpreter provide a translation of the exhibit for the jury.

See 28 U.S.C. § 1827(d)(1) (requiring that a judge use an interpreter in the

courtroom if the judge determines that a party “speaks only or primarily a language

other than the English language . . . so as to inhibit such party’s comprehension of

the proceedings or communication with counsel or the presiding judicial officer”).

Thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion by declining to reopen the

record. See United States v. Huber, 772 F.2d 585, 592 (9th Cir. 1985) (setting

forth standard of review).

      AFFIRMED.

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