Court Opinion

ID: 997293
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-07-04 16:54:02.970715+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:11:36.923258
License: Public Domain

UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD,
Plaintiff-Appellee,

v.

D. L. BAKER, INCORPORATED, t/a
Baker Electric; BAKER ELECTRIC,
                                                               No. 98-1339
INCORPORATED; D. L. BAKER, and/or
the Custodian of the Records;
MAGGIE SUZZANNE BARRY, and/or the
Custodian of the Records,
Defendants-Appellants.

Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Alexandria.
Leonie M. Brinkema, District Judge.
(MISC-97-124-MC)

Argued: October 28, 1998

Decided: December 1, 1998

Before MURNAGHAN and WILLIAMS, Circuit Judges, and
BLAKE, United States District Judge for the
District of Maryland, sitting by designation.

_________________________________________________________________

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

_________________________________________________________________

COUNSEL

ARGUED: Michael Ernest Avakian, THE CENTER ON
NATIONAL LABOR POLICY, INC., North Springfield, Virginia,
for Appellants. Paul Alton Ades, NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS
BOARD, Washington, D.C., for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Steven M.
Frei, HAIGHT, TRAMONTE, SICILIANO, FLASK & YEONAS,
P.C., Vienna, Virginia; J. Raymond Sparrow, Jr., SHUMATE,
KRAFTSON & SPARROW, P.C., Reston, Virginia, for Appellants.
Frederick L. Feinstein, Acting General Counsel, Linda Sher, Asso-
ciate General Counsel, Margery E. Lieber, Assistant General Counsel
for Special Litigation, Eric G. Moskowitz, Deputy General Counsel,
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Washington, D.C., for
Appellee.

_________________________________________________________________

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).

_________________________________________________________________

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a Baker Electric, Baker Electric, Inc., Mr. D.L.
Baker, and Maggie Suzzanne Barry1 (collectively Baker) appeal the
district court's decision enforcing the NLRB's (the Board) adminis-
trative subpoenas duces tecum. Baker argues that the district court
erred in enforcing the subpoenas because the district court did not
have personal jurisdiction over the parties because no summons was
served with the Order to Show Cause. Additionally, Baker argues that
the district court erred in determining that the subpoenas themselves
were valid and enforceable because service was defective and the
_________________________________________________________________
1 D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a Baker Electric and Baker Electric, Inc., are sepa-
rate business entities involved in the same line of business, operating in
the same office space at the same address in Vienna, Virginia. Baker
Electric, Inc. was founded in 1995 during the pendency of the litigation
underlying this subpoena enforcement proceeding. Mr. D.L. Baker is the
president and sole owner of D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a Baker Electric. Maggie
Suzzanne Barry is the president and sole owner of Baker Electric, Inc.
These individuals were subpoenaed in their capacity as custodians of
company records.

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scope of the document request was unduly burdensome. Finding no
error, we affirm.

I.

In a prior proceeding, the Board determined that D.L. Baker, Inc.
t/a Baker Electric had committed several unfair labor practices in vio-
lation of § 8(a)(1), (a)(3), and (a)(5) of the National Labor Relations
Act (NLRA). See 29 U.S.C.A. § 158(a)(1), (a)(3), (a)(5) (West 1998).
The resulting Board order directed D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a Baker Electric
and its officers, agents, successors, and assigns to reimburse certain
employees with back pay of wages and benefits. See D.L. Baker, Inc.,
317 NLRB 335 (1995). We granted the Board's petition for enforce-
ment. See NLRB v. D.L. Baker, Nos. 96-1377, 96-1548, 1997 WL
5771 (4th Cir. Jan. 8, 1997) (unpublished), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct.
688 (1998).

Subsequently, the Board began seeking the necessary data with
which to calculate the back pay awards under its power to institute
compliance proceedings. See 29 C.F.R. §§ 101.13-101.16 (1998). In
furtherance of that end, the Board issued six subpoenas duces tecum
on July 28, 1997 to D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a Baker Electric and Baker
Electric, Inc. Each of the subpoenas contained thirty-five document
requests.2 The Board sought, inter alia, all documents disclosing
assets held by the companies, all documents indicating a transfer of
any company assets, all insurance policies, and all contracts to which
the companies were a party.
_________________________________________________________________
2 Each of the six subpoenas were substantially identical but were
addressed to different individuals. Specifically, B-300930 was identical
to B-300999 and was addressed to Baker Electric, Inc., Attn: Maggie
Suzzanne Barry, Registered Agent as Set Forth in the Articles of Incor-
poration and/or Custodian of the Records; B-300995 was identical to B-
300996 and was addressed to D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a Baker Electric, Attn:
Mr. D.L. Baker and/or the Custodian of Records; and B-300997 was
identical to B-300998 and was addressed to Baker Electric, Inc., Attn:
Mr. D.L. Baker and/or the Custodian of the Records. Subpoenas num-
bered B-300996, B-300998, and B-300999 were served via certified
mail. Subpoenas numbered B-300930, B-300995, and B-300997 were
served by regular mail.

                    3
Three of the six subpoenas were served by certified mail with a
photocopy sent by regular mail. All three subpoenas served by certi-
fied mail were returned to the Board with the notation "refused"
marked on the envelope by the United States Postal Service. The
other three subpoenas were served by regular mail. Most of the docu-
ments sent by regular mail were also returned to the Board marked
"refused." At least one subpoena sent by regular mail was not
returned to the Board. Additionally, photocopies of all six subpoenas
were served on D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a Baker Electric's attorney of
record, Michael Avakian. Avakian responded to receipt of the sub-
poenas by letter dated August 5, 1997. In the letter, Avakian stated
that he was not authorized to receive service of process for D.L.
Baker, Inc. t/a Baker Electric. Nevertheless, Avakian included a peti-
tion to revoke the subpoenas.

On August 7, 1997, the Board denied the petition to revoke the
subpoenas. In spite of that denial, Baker failed to appear before a rep-
resentative of the Board on August 8, 1997, as required by the sub-
poenas.

II.

Pursuant to § 11(2) of the NLRA,3 29 U.S.C.A. § 161(2) (West
1998), the Board filed an application in the United States District
Court for the Eastern District of Virginia requesting an order requir-
ing Baker to comply with the subpoenas. In response to the Board's
_________________________________________________________________
3 Section 11(2) provides that:

           In case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpena [sic] issued
          to any person, any district court of the United States . . . within
          the jurisdiction of which the inquiry is carried on or within the
          jurisdiction of which said person guilty of contumacy or refusal
          to obey is found or resides or transacts business, upon applica-
          tion by the Board shall have jurisdiction to issue to such person
          an order requiring such person to appear before the Board, its
          member, agent, or agency, there to produce evidence if so
          ordered, or there to give testimony touching the matter under
          investigation or in question; and any failure to obey such order
          of the court may be punished by said court as a contempt thereof.

29 U.S.C.A. § 161(2) (West 1998).

                    4
application, the district court issued an Order to Show Cause why the
subpoenas should not be enforced. The district court directed that ser-
vice of a copy of the order and a copy of the application be made in
any manner in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
for United States District Courts, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 4
or 5, by fax, or by certified mail. The district court ordered that Baker
respond by December 29, 1997, and scheduled a hearing on the show
cause order for January 9, 1998.

In response to the Order to Show Cause, D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a Baker
Electric objected to the district court's personal jurisdiction and on the
ground that the order and application had not been served with a sum-
mons. Additionally, D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a Baker Electric argued that the
subpoenas were unenforceable. On January 7, 1998, Steven Frei,
attorney for Baker Electric, Inc., wrote a letter to the district court
entering a special appearance and objecting to its exercise of personal
jurisdiction over Baker Electric, Inc. because it had not been served
with any summons. Additionally, Frei joined D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a
Baker Electric's objections to the service and substance of the sub-
poenas.

On January 22, 1998, the district court issued a Memorandum
Opinion and Order enforcing the Board's subpoenas. The district
court determined that Baker's argument that the district court lacked
personal jurisdiction was without merit because the Order to Show
Cause and the Board's application had been properly served and that
strict compliance with Rule 4 was not required in an administrative
subpoena enforcement proceeding. The district court also concluded
that the argument that the parties were not sufficiently identified was
without merit. Additionally, the district court concluded that the sub-
poenas were enforceable as they had been served in accordance with
the NLRA and were issued for the lawful purpose of calculating a
proper back pay award.

III.

Baker appeals the order of the district court on several grounds.4
_________________________________________________________________
4 A district court's order enforcing administrative subpoenas is consid-
ered to be a final order ripe for appeal under 28 U.S.C.A. § 1291 (West
1993). See Reich v. National Eng'g & Contracting Co., 13 F.3d 93, 95
(4th Cir. 1993).

                     5
First, Baker asserts that the district court lacked personal jurisdiction
over the parties because the Order to Show Cause and the Board's
application were not served in a manner consistent with Rule 4 of the
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Second, Baker argues that the sub-
poenas are unenforceable because they were not served in a manner
that comported with Due Process or § 11(4) of the NLRA. See 29
U.S.C.A. § 161(4) (West 1998). Finally, Baker contends that the sub-
poenas should not have been enforced because they were unduly bur-
densome. We address these assignments of error in turn.

A.

Baker argues that the district court erred in issuing its order enforc-
ing the subpoenas because the district court lacked personal jurisdic-
tion in the matter. According to Baker, service of the district court's
Order to Show Cause was insufficient because it was not served in the
manner contemplated by Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Proce-
dure. Specifically, Baker argues that no summons was served and the
requirements of Rule 4(h), dictating a method of service for corporate
entities, were not met. We review the district court's determination
that it had personal jurisdiction de novo. See Owens-Illinois, Inc. v.
Rapid Am. Corp. (In re Celotex Corp.), 124 F.3d 619, 627 (4th Cir.
1997).

Baker's contention that Rule 4 requires service of a summons is
correct, see Fed. R. Civ. P. 4, and it is also true that the requirements
of Rule 4 are strictly enforced, see ESAB Group, Inc. v. Centricut,
Inc., 126 F.3d 617, 622 (4th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 1364
(1998). Baker's argument that the district court lacked personal juris-
diction is incorrect, however, because Rule 4 is not dispositive here.
Rather, in this case, Rule 81 supersedes Rule 4. Rule 81 provides that:

          These Rules apply to proceedings to compel the giving of
          testimony or production of documents in accordance with a
          subpoena issued by an officer or agency of the United States
          under any statute of the United States except as otherwise
          provided by statute or by rules of the district court or by
          order of the court in the proceedings.

                     6
Fed R. Civ. P. 81(a)(3). Here, the district court, in accordance with
Rule 81, ordered that the Order to Show Cause and the application be
served by one of several different means. Such an order is clearly
contemplated by Rule 81. Therefore, service of the Order to Show
Cause and of the application was not defective and the district court
properly asserted personal jurisdiction.5

B.

Next, Baker asserts that the Board's subpoenas were not enforce-
able because they were not served in a manner that comported with
Due Process or § 11(4) of the NLRA. See 29 U.S.C.A. § 161(4) (West
1998). Our review of a district court's decision to enforce an adminis-
trative subpoena is circumscribed; we "review the district court's
decision to enforce [a] subpoena for abuse of discretion; we may
reverse the district court's enforcement order `only in the most
extraordinary of circumstances.'" NLRB v. Carolina Food Proces-
sors, Inc., 81 F.3d 507, 510 (4th Cir. 1996) (quoting NLRB v. G.H.R.
Energy Corp., 707 F.2d 110, 113 (5th Cir. 1982)).

The method of serving administrative subpoenas issued by the
Board is established by statute and regulation. Section 11(4) of the
NLRA provides, in relevant part, that:

           Complaints, orders, and other process and papers of the
          Board, its member, agent, or agency, may be served, either
          personally or by registered or certified mail or by telegraph
          or by leaving a copy thereof at the principal office or place
          of business of the person required to be served.

29 U.S.C.A. § 161(4) (West 1998); see also 29 C.F.R. § 102.113(c)
_________________________________________________________________
5 To the extent that Baker Electric, Inc. asserts that it should not be sub-
jected to a subpoena under the Board's compliance power because it was
not a party to the original litigation, we find that argument to be without
merit. The Board's order specifically applies to D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a
Baker Electric and all "its officers, agents, successors, and assigns." We
believe that there was sufficient evidence before the district court from
which it could conclude that Baker Electric, Inc. was a successor or
assign of D.L. Baker, Inc. t/a Baker Electric.

                    7
(1998) (same). The Board served these subpoenas by certified mail6
as authorized both by the NLRA and by the Board's regulation.
Therefore, we cannot say that the district court erred when it deter-
mined that no statutory or regulatory violation occurred.7 To the
extent Baker challenges generally the reasonableness of certified mail
service, we readily find that certified mail "provides notice reasonably
calculated, under all of the circumstances, to apprise interested parties
of the pendency of the action and afford them an opportunity to pres-
ent their objections." Volkwagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft v. Schlunk,
486 U.S. 694, 705 (1988) (internal quotation marks omitted). In sum,
the Board's use of certified mail in this instance was proper, and we
find Baker's assertion that service was improper to be without merit.8

C.

Finally, Baker contends that the subpoenas should not have been
enforced because they were unduly burdensome. Baker states that
_________________________________________________________________
6 We need not address the issue of whether service by regular mail was
appropriate. The subpoenas served by regular mail were identical to
those served by certified mail. Thus, even if service by regular mail was
improper, Baker should have received the identical notice via certified
mail.
7 We also cannot conclude that the district court erred in this instance
when it allowed the Board to present copies of the canceled envelopes
as evidence of service.
8 Baker implies that the certified letters were not "refused" as marked
by the Postal Service, but rather were merely returned to sender for
improper address because the last two digits of the zip code were trans-
posed. It is as clear to us from the record as it was to the district court,
however, that the Postal Service corrected the clerical error in the zip
code. We hesitate to believe that the Postal Service took it upon them-
selves to mark this certified mail "refused" if in fact the mail had been
returned to the sender for an error in the address. Even if that were the
case, however, whether the certified letters were actually received is not
the proper question to ask in assessing propriety of service. Instead, we
examine whether the method of service was reasonably calculated under
all the circumstances to notify Baker of the action in which it had an
interest. See Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust, 339 U.S. 306,
314 (1950). Here, the zip code error did not render the service unreason-
able.

                     8
complying with the subpoenas would cause irreparable harm to the
business because it would require them to turn over documents that
were necessary for their ongoing business operations. Further, Baker
asserts that the requested documents are not relevant to the back pay
calculation because they post-date the underlying NLRA violations.

"In this circuit, the burden of proving that an administrative sub-
poena is unduly burdensome is not easily met. The party subject to
the subpoena must show that producing the documents would seri-
ously disrupt its normal business operations." Carolina Food Proces-
sors, Inc., 81 F.3d at 513 (internal quotation marks omitted). Baker's
mere averment that producing the documents will be disruptive does
not meet this standard, especially in light of the Board's offer to
accommodate Baker by facilitating the copying of documents in as
unobtrusive a manner as possible under the circumstances.

Further, Baker's relevance argument is misplaced. The test for rele-
vance in this context is "not especially constraining." EEOC v. Shell
Oil Co., 466 U.S. 54, 68 (1984). The term "relevant" is broadly con-
strued to give the agency access to "material that might cast light on
the allegations." Id. at 68-69. Under this reading, we determine that
the district court did not abuse its discretion when it determined that
the Board's document request was relevant to a determination of the
back pay award and to an investigation of compliance with the order
we enforced in 1997.

IV.

For the reasons stated herein, we affirm the district court's order
enforcing the Board's subpoenas.

AFFIRMED

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