Court Opinion

ID: 2795110
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-04-20 19:07:42.219582+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:27:19.041762
License: Public Domain

J.S52008/14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                             :         PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee         :
                                             :
                    v.                       :
                                             :
                                             :
JASON PARKER,                                :
                                             :
                            Appellant        :    No. 286 EDA 2013

           Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 21, 2012
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
               Criminal Division No(s).: CP-51-CR-0014583-2011

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., ALLEN, and FITZGERALD,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY FITZGERALD, J.:                          FILED APRIL 20, 2015

        Appellant, Jason Parker, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas following a bench

trial and his convictions for fleeing or attempting to elude police officer,1

criminal mischief,2 simple assault,3 and recklessly endangering another

person.4     Appellant challenges the sufficiency of evidence for his criminal

*
    Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
    75 Pa.C.S. § 3733(a).
2
  18 Pa.C.S. § 3304(a)(2).              This was graded as a second-degree
misdemeanor. Order, 9/12/12.
3
    18 Pa.C.S. § 2701(a).
4
    18 Pa.C.S. § 2705.
J. S52008/14

mischief conviction, the trial court’s denial of his motion for a medical

expert, the weight of the evidence for all of his convictions, and whether his

trial counsel was ineffective by not having a medical expert testify.      We

vacate his conviction and sentence for criminal mischief, and affirm the

remaining convictions.     Because Appellant was sentenced to no further

penalty for criminal mischief, we need not remand for resentencing as we

did not disturb the trial court’s overall sentencing scheme.

        We adopt the facts and procedural history set forth by the trial court.

See Trial Ct. Op., 10/28/13, at 1-11.       We add that Appellant, although

represented by counsel, filed numerous pro se motions,5 including a motion

requesting $2,000 to pay for, inter alia, a “diabetic expert doctor” to testify

on his behalf. Appellant’s Pro Se Mot. to Provide Funds for the Def. to Hire

an [sic] Diabetic Doctor, 5/29/12, at 1.     The court did not rule on any of

Appellant’s pro se motions.

        After a bench trial and a guilty verdict, the court sentenced Appellant

on September 12, 2012, to nine to eighteen months’ incarceration for fleeing

or attempt to elude a police officer.6 The court imposed no penalty for the

remaining convictions.     On September 14, 2012, Appellant filed a timely

counseled post-sentence motion, which did not challenge the weight of the

5
    Appellant served his pro se motions on his counsel, among others.
6
  We note Appellant rejected a plea offer of nine to twenty-three months’
imprisonment.

                                      -2-
J. S52008/14

evidence. Before the court ruled on Appellant’s post-sentence motion and

while still represented by his then-counsel, Appellant filed a pro se notice of

appeal on January 9, 2013.

      On     January   18,   2013,   Appellant’s   new   counsel   entered   her

appearance. On February 5, 2013, the trial court ordered pro se Appellant

to comply with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), but did not serve the order on Appellant’s

new counsel.      Appellant then filed a pro se Rule 1925(b) statement on

February 20, 2013.      On March 1, 2013, Appellant withdrew his counseled

post-sentence motion. On April 19, 2013, the court granted Appellant’s new

counsel permission to file a revised Rule 1925(b) statement.         Appellant’s

counsel filed a revised Rule 1925(b) statement on May 9, 2013.

      Appellant raised the following issues on appeal:

           Whether the verdict is insufficient as a matter of law
           specifically with respect to criminal mischief where
           [Appellant’s] acts do not meet the definition of the crime
           because he did not utilize any hazardous materials or
           tamper with any tangible objects as required by the
           crime[.]

           Whether the trial court erred in denying [Appellant’s]
           motion for medical expert[.]

           Whether the verdict was against the weight of the
           evidence and insufficient as a matter of law where the
           police officer’s testimony and the testimony of Nafakha
           Muwwakkil were not credible and [Appellant] credibly
           testified that he went into a diabetic shock and passed out
           behind the wheel? Furthermore, the Commonwealth did
           not prove the element of criminal intent as required by
           each of the statutes[.]

                                      -3-
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           Whether the verdict is against the weight of the evidence
           where the police did not have probable cause to stop
           [Appellant] and pursue him where the police allegedly
           attempted to pull him over for talking on a cell phone and
           it was legal to do so. The police also did not have probable
           cause to stop [Appellant] for failing to have insurance
           where the uncontroverted evidence was that this vehicle
           was insured[.]

           Whether trial counsel was ineffective for failing to present
           a medical expert who could have testified to the effects of
           diabetes, failing to present [Appellant’s] wife who was an
           eyewitness, and misrepresenting to [Appellant] that a
           bench trial was in [Appellant’s] best interest?

Appellant’s Brief at 5 (reordered to facilitate disposition).

      As a prefatory matter, we resolve the validity of Appellant’s pro se

notice of appeal while he was represented by counsel. In Commonwealth

v. Cooper, 27 A.3d 994 (Pa. 2011), our Supreme Court resolved a similarly

vexing procedural posture involving a premature pro se notice of appeal and

a subsequent, counseled post-sentence motion.         Id. at 996.   The posture

was further complicated by the trial court’s failure to forward the pro se

notice pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 576(A)(4), the court’s denial of the

counseled post-sentence motion, and a timely counseled notice of appeal.

Id. at 1006-07.      The Cooper Court resolved the conundrum by holding,

inter alia, that the pro se notice of appeal was premature and perfected after

the trial court denied the subsequent counseled post-sentence motion. Id.

at 1007.

      Given that the instant procedural posture is analogous to the posture

in Cooper, we similarly hold that Appellant’s pro se notice of appeal—filed

                                       -4-
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after counsel filed a post-sentence motion but before the court ruled on it—

was premature. Cf. id. at 1005-08. We also hold that Appellant perfected

his appeal after he withdrew the counseled post-sentence motion.        Cf. id.

Furthermore, because the trial court failed to serve counsel with its Rule

1925(b) order and the court permitted counsel to file a revised Rule 1925(b)

statement, we decline to find any Rule 1925 waiver. Cf. id.

     We now address the merits.      In support of his first issue, Appellant

contends the evidence was insufficient to convict him for criminal mischief.

He maintains that he “collided with another car while driving down the wrong

way” of a one-way street.    Appellant’s Brief at 14.   He suggests that his

conduct was unintentional and, at best, the Commonwealth established

reckless behavior. Id. We hold Appellant is due relief.7

     The standard of review for a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence is

de novo, as it is a question of law. Commonwealth v. Ratsamy, 934 A.2d
1233, 1235 (Pa. 2007).

           [T]he critical inquiry on review of the sufficiency of the
        evidence to support a criminal conviction . . . does not
        require a court to ask itself whether it believes that the
        evidence at the trial established guilt beyond a reasonable
        doubt. Instead, it must determine simply whether the
        evidence believed by the fact-finder was sufficient to
        support the verdict.

7
  We note the Commonwealth argued the evidence was sufficient for a
conviction under 18 Pa.C.S. § 3304(a)(5). See Commonwealth’s Brief at
12. Appellant, however, was convicted of violating 18 Pa.C.S. § 3304(a)(2).
Trial Ct. Op. at 1; accord Order, 9/12/12, at 1.

                                    -5-
J. S52008/14

Id. at 1235-36 (citations and quotation marks omitted). “When reviewing

the sufficiency of the evidence, an appellate court must determine whether

the evidence, and all reasonable inferences deducible from that, viewed in

the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner, are

sufficient to establish all of the elements of the offense beyond a reasonable

doubt.” Id. at 1237 (citation and quotation marks omitted).

      The Pennsylvania Crimes Code defines criminal mischief as follows:

           (a) Offense defined.—A person is guilty of criminal
           mischief if he:

                                  *    *    *

             (2) intentionally or recklessly tampers with tangible
             property of another so as to endanger person or
             property;

18 Pa.C.S. § 3304(a)(2).

      Section 302 of the Crimes Code defines intentionally and recklessly as

follows:

           (b) Kinds of culpability defined.—

             (1) A person acts intentionally with respect to a
           material element of an offense when:

                (i) if the element involves the nature of his conduct
             or a result thereof, it is his conscious object to engage
             in conduct of that nature or to cause such a result; and

                 (ii) if the element involves the attendant
             circumstances, he is aware of the existence of such
             circumstances or he believes or hopes that they exist.

                                  *    *    *

                                      -6-
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              (3) A person acts recklessly with respect to a material
           element of an offense when he consciously disregards a
           substantial and unjustifiable risk that the material element
           exists or will result from his conduct. The risk must be of
           such a nature and degree that, considering the nature and
           intent of the actor’s conduct and the circumstances known
           to him, its disregard involves a gross deviation from the
           standard of conduct that a reasonable person would
           observe in the actor’s situation.

18 Pa.C.S. § 302(b)(3).

      The material element is “tamper,” which is not defined by Chapter 33

of the Crimes Code. Section 302, however, mirrors the proposed language

in the Model Penal Code. Model Penal Code § 220.3(1)(b) (1962) (“A person

is guilty of criminal mischief if he: . . . purposely or recklessly tampers with

tangible property of another so as to endanger person or property”). The

Model Penal Code comment sheds some light on the intended reach of the

statute:

              Tampering with Property. Subsection (1)(b) extends
           the traditional malicious-mischief offense to situations
           where the defendant tampers with the property of another
           in a way that may not itself cause damage but that
           creates a risk of danger to person or property. Examples
           would be the unauthorized moving of a railroad switch, or
           the unauthorized setting of a control lever in an industrial
           plant in a way that endangers workmen or the quality of
           the product. The offense requires that the actor purposely
           or recklessly tamper with the tangible property of another
           “so as to endanger person or property.” The quoted
           phrase describes an actual risk of danger that must exist,
           as to which the defendant must at least be reckless.
           Actual harm need not occur.

                                      -7-
J. S52008/14

Model Penal Code § 220.3 note (emphasis added). One dictionary defines

“tamper” as “to interfere so as to weaken or change for the worse.”

Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged 2336 (1986).

     The Commonwealth must “prove that the nature of [the defendant’s]

conduct was to consciously cause the result the statute here in question

seeks to guard against, i.e., tampering with tangible property of another

with the intent to place person or property in danger.” Commonwealth v.

Moll, 543 A.2d 1221, 1223 (Pa. Super. 1998) (plurality). 8      In Moll, the

defendant was charged with criminal mischief under subsection (a)(2) for

“cutting a hole in a fifteen-inch storm drain pipe.”     Id. at 1222.    The

defendant admitted to damaging the pipe but denied he had criminal intent:

        [The defendant] denies, however, that he was motivated
        by malice, i.e., an evil motive, to endanger property.
        Rather, he claims that this act was necessary to protect
        his property from flooding. The flooding caused damage
        to the understructure of [the defendant’s] property, and
        his method of “self-help” actually alleviated the problem
        because it facilitated surface drainage of water from his
        property. We believe [the defendant’s] reasoning here to
        be that his conduct did not rise to the level of harm which
        the criminal mischief statute was designed to prevent.

Id. at 1223.

8
  In Moll, two of the three judges on the panel concurred in the result. “We
are of course mindful that plurality decisions are not binding as precedent.”
Commonwealth v. Antoszyk, 985 A.2d 975, 981 (Pa. Super. 2009)
(citation omitted).

                                    -8-
J. S52008/14

      The Moll Court held that the Commonwealth failed to establish the

defendant intended to damage the pipe with the intended result of

“clogging” and backing up the pipe with the ultimate result of “ponding of

water.”   Id. at 1224.     The Court also held the Commonwealth did not

demonstrate that the defendant “disregarded an unjustifiable and substantial

risk that his conduct would produce the intended result,” i.e., was reckless.

Id. Thus, regardless of whether the defendant intentionally or recklessly cut

the pipe, the Superior Court held the Commonwealth did not demonstrate

the defendant’s conduct “cause[d] the harm which the statute seeks to

protect against.” Id. at 1225.

      Instantly, viewing the record in the Commonwealth’s favor, the

evidence believed by the fact-finder established that Appellant’s vehicle hit

the victim’s car on the passenger side, backed up and “skimmed” the

victim’s car, and then drove back the opposite way, damaging the victim’s

car on the driver’s side. N.T. Trial, 9/12/12, at 14-16. We also acknowledge

that Appellant conceded his actions at least constituted recklessness.

Appellant’s Brief at 14.

      Nonetheless, we cannot agree that the record established Appellant

recklessly, i.e., consciously disregarded a substantial and unjustifiable risk,

by interfering—in a non-damaging fashion—with the victim’s car in such a

manner as to create a risk of danger to person or property.        See Model

Penal Code 220.3 note (extending “malicious-mischief offense to situations

                                     -9-
J. S52008/14

where the defendant tampers with the property of another in a way that

may not itself cause damage but that creates a risk of danger to person or

property”).    The fact that Appellant recklessly drove his vehicle into the

victim’s car and damaged it is simply not analogous to “the unauthorized

moving of a railway switch, or the unauthorized setting of a control lever in

an industrial plant,” each a non-damaging action. See id. Analogous to the

defendant in Moll, who lacked the intent to clog the pipe, Appellant engaged

in the instant behavior while fleeing from the police. Cf. Moll, 543 A.2d at

1225. Accordingly, even after considering the evidence believed by the fact-

finder, we cannot hold that the evidence was sufficient to establish Appellant

recklessly tampered with the victim’s car in a non-damaging fashion as to

create a risk to person or property.     Cf. Model Penal Code 220.3 note;

Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged 2336 (1986).

      For his second issue, Appellant argues the court erred by denying his

pro se motion for funds to pay for a medical expert to testify about diabetes.

We deny Appellant relief.    As noted above, Appellant was represented by

counsel when he filed his pro se motion; thus, the court could not—and did

not—rule on his motion. See Pa.Crim.P. 576(A)(4). Because Appellant did

not properly move for relief through counsel, the trial court did not rule on

the merits of Appellant’s pro se motion. Accordingly, there is no ruling that

could be reviewed on appeal. See generally Pa.R.A.P. 302.

                                    - 10 -
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      We summarize Appellant’s arguments for his third and fourth issues.

In support of his third issue, Appellant contends the Commonwealth failed to

introduce evidence establishing an intent to flee the police and damage

another vehicle. He maintains “he blacked out after a diabetic episode and

could not remember what happened.” Appellant’s Brief at 11. For his fourth

issue, Appellant argues the police officer’s testimony was not credible and

thus the police lacked probable cause to stop him for using a cellular phone

while driving and for not having insurance. He maintains that he introduced

evidence he was insured. For both of these issues, Appellant suggests the

verdict was against the weight of the evidence. We hold Appellant waived

his issues.

      An argument that witnesses are not credible is an argument

challenging the weight of the evidence.       Commonwealth v. Lewis, 911
A.2d 558, 566 (Pa. Super. 2006).         The evaluation of the credibility of

witnesses     is   within   the   exclusive   domain   of   the   fact-finder.

Commonwealth v. Akers, 572 A.2d 746, 752 (Pa. Super. 1990).              This

Court cannot “entertain a challenge to the weight of the evidence since [its]

examination is confined to the ‘cold record.’” Commonwealth v. Brown,

648 A.2d 1177, 1191 (Pa. 1994) (citation omitted). We only review whether

the trial court abused its discretion when it evaluated the challenge.    Id.

(limiting review of weight of evidence to whether trial court abused

discretion and not assessing credibility of witnesses). For these reasons, a

                                     - 11 -
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challenge to the weight of evidence may not be raised for the first time on

appeal. Id.; see also Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(A). Thus, if the issue is not raised

with the trial court initially, it is waived.   Commonwealth v. Sherwood,

982 A.2d 483, 494 (Pa. 2009).

      Instantly, Appellant argues the testimony of the Commonwealth’s

witnesses were not credible. Appellant’s argument challenges the weight of

the evidence.   See Lewis, 911 A.2d at 566.        Appellant, however, did not

raise a weight claim in his post-sentence motion, which he withdrew. Thus,

because Appellant failed to raise his weight claims before the trial court, he

has waived them on appeal. See Sherwood, 982 A.2d at 494.

      With respect to Appellant’s last issue, it is well-settled that challenges

to the effectiveness of counsel are generally deferred until collateral review.

See Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d 726, 739 (Pa. 2002). There are

two exceptions:

         First, we appreciate that there may be extraordinary
         circumstances where a discrete claim (or claims) of trial
         counsel ineffectiveness is apparent from the record and
         meritorious to the extent that immediate consideration
         best serves the interests of justice; and we hold that trial
         courts retain their discretion to entertain such claims.

            Second, with respect to other cases and claims,
         including cases such as [Commonwealth v. Bomar, 826
A.2d 831 (Pa. 2003)] and the matter sub judice, where the
         defendant seeks to litigate multiple or prolix claims of
         counsel ineffectiveness, including non-record-based claims,
         on post-verdict motions and direct appeal, we repose
         discretion in the trial courts to entertain such claims, but
         only if (1) there is good cause shown, and (2) the unitary
         review so indulged is preceded by the defendant’s knowing

                                      - 12 -
J. S52008/14

         and express waiver of his entitlement to seek PCRA review
         from his conviction and sentence, including an express
         recognition that the waiver subjects further collateral
         review to the time and serial petition restrictions of the
         PCRA.

Commonwealth v. Holmes, 79 A.3d 562, 563-64 (Pa. 2013) (citation and

footnotes omitted).

      Instantly, we agree with the trial court that Appellant failed to raise his

ineffectiveness claims for consideration by the trial court and, moreover, did

not knowingly waive his right to seek PCRA review. See id. Accordingly, we

decline to address Appellant’s ineffectiveness claims on direct appeal, and he

is free to raise them again in a PCRA petition. See Grant, 813 A.2d at 739.

Accordingly, we reverse Appellant’s conviction for criminal mischief, vacate

the sentence for criminal mischief, affirm his remaining convictions, and

affirm the judgment of sentence in part.

      Conviction for criminal mischief is reversed and judgment of sentence

thereto is vacated.    In all other respects, the judgment of sentence is

affirmed. Jurisdiction relinquished.

      Judge Allen joins the memorandum.

      President Judge Gantman concurs in the result.

                                       - 13 -
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/20/2015

                          - 14 -
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                   COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF PHILADELPHIA COUNTY
                       FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

     COMMONWEALTH OF PA                                 CP-51-CR-0014583-2011

                    v.                                  TRIAL DIVISION

     JASON PARKER                                       SUPERIOR COURT DOCKET NO.:

                                                        286 EDA 2013                    CP-51-CR-0014583-2011Cornm. v. Parker, Jason
                                                                                                         Op1n1on

                                    OPINION OF THE TRIAL COURT
                                                                                             11111 II 11111111111 Ill\ II\
                                                                                                          7078651371

            This is the defendant, Jason Parker's, appeal of this Court's findings of September 12,

    2012. The defendant filed a timely Notice of Appeal on January 9, 2013, following the denial of

    a post-trial motion for reconsideration.

           On September 12, 2012, at a non-jury trial, this Court adjudged the defendant guilty of

    Fleeing or Attempting to Elude Officer (75 Pa.C.S §3733(a)); Criminal Mischief -Tampering

    with Property (18 Pa.C.S §3304(a)); Simple Assault (18 Pa.C.S §2701 (a); and, Recklessly

    Endangering Another Person (18 Pa.C.S. §2705). He was sentenced to nine (9) to eighteen (18)

    months incarceration to be followed by two (2) years of probation on the fleeing or attempting to

    elude charge, with no further penalty on all of the other charges. Further, the defendant was

adjudged not guilty of Resisting Arrest (18 Pa.C.S. §5104).
                                                                                                     1,
           In his Revised l 925(b) Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal                            the defendant

raises the following issues:

I
  Prior to the entry of appearance by current counsel, on February 20, 2013, the defendant, in a prose capacity, filed
a rambling, handwritten, 11 point (plus subparts). 15 page l 925(b) Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal.
After the appearance of current counsel, this Court granted counsel permission to file a revised l 925(b) statement,
after her review of the Notes of Testimony, in order to refine the appellate issues.
                                                                                 Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

                1. The verdict was against the weight of the evidence and insufficient
           as a matter of law where the police officer testimony and the testimony of
           Nafakha Muwwakkil was not credible and the Defendant credibly testified
           that he went into diabetic shock and passed out behind the wheel.
           Furthermore, the Commonwealth did not prove the element of criminal
           intent as required by each of the statutes.

                2. The verdict is insufficient as a matter of law specifically with respect
           to criminal mischief where the Defendant's acts do not meet the definition
           of the crime because he did not utilize any hazardous materials or tamper
           with any tangible objects as required by the crime.

                3. The verdict was against the weight of the evidence where police did
           not have probable cause to stop the Defendant and pursue him where the
           police allegedly attempted to pull him over for talking on a cellular
           telephone and it was legal for the Defendant to do so. The police also did
           not have probable cause to stop the Defendant for failing to have insurance
           where the uncontroverted evidence was that this vehicle was insured.

               4. The trial court erred in denying the Defendant's motion for a medical
           expert.

               5. Trial counsel was ineffective for:

                       a. failing to present a medical expert who could have testified to
                          the effects of diabetes,
                       b. failing to present the Defendant's wife who was an
                          eyewitness,
                       c. misrepresenting that it would be the defendant's best interest
                          to select a bench trial.

        On September     12, 20 I 2, the Commonwealth       presented   the testimony    of two (2)

individuals, an eyewitness/victim,   Ms. Nafakha Muwwakkil, and Philadelphia Police Officer

Brad Momme. The defendant testified on his own behalf and also presented the testimony of his

automobile insurance agent, Steven Torpey, Jr. Defendant's wife testified during the sentencing

stage of the proceedings, but was present during the trial. This Court also accepted into evidence,

over the Commonwealth's objection, certain hospital/medical paperwork relative to treatment

received subsequent to defendant's arrest on December 12, 2011 (Exhibit D-1).

                                                 2
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          Prior to the start of trial, this Court performed an on the record colloquy of the defendant

 to determine if his election to waive his right to a jury trial was voluntary, knowing and

 intelligent.   Based upon the defendant's responses, this Court concluded that he did, in fact,

 voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently waived said right. See N.T., 09- 12-12, P. 5, L. 10 to P.

 12, L.4. The defendant waived formal arraigmnent and entered pleas of not guilty to all charges.

           The Commonwealth first called Nafakha Muwwakkil who testified that on December

 12, 2011, at about 8:23 p.m., she was operating her friend's motor vehicle in the area of 7100

 Andrews A venue, Philadelphia, Pa. She was at the stop sign of Andrews A venue and Uber Street

 N.T., 09-12-12, P. 13, L. 7-15.

         While she was at the stop sign, a car coming from the opposite direction on Uber St.,

traveling in the wrong direction on Uber St., turned and hit the vehicle she was operating. This

vehicle then backed up and skimmed her car. It then proceeded in the opposite direction past her,

again hitting her on the driver's side. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 14, L. l-6. As a result of being struck,

the vehicle she was driving sustained damages to the passenger side front end, passenger door,

driver's side and the driver's door. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 15, L. 23 to P. 16, L. 6. Ms. Muwwakkil

waited in the vehicle until an ambulance arrived and took her to the hospital. N.T., 09-12-12, P.

16, L. 12-19. She suffered injuries to her neck, back and knee and missed a week from work

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 16, L. 22-25. She received several months of medical care. N.T., 09-12-12, P.

18, L. 8-9.

        After the vehicle struck the car she was operating, it sped off, but because it was dark, she

could not see the operator. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 19, L. 14-21. This concluded her direct testimony.

The defense did not cross-examine her.

                                                  3
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        The Commonwealth               then called Police Officer   Brad Momme,    Badge No. 7631, of the

14111 Police District.   Officer Momme positively identified the defendant in Court as the person

with whom he had contact on the date, time and location giving rise to these charges .. N. T., 09-

12-12, P. 21, L. 5-8. He testified that he attempted to stop the defendant who was operating a cell

phone while driving a vehicle. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 21, L. 17-21. An NCIC/PCIC check revealed

that:

                N.T., 09-12-12, P. 22:

                         6         the registration was suspended due to
                         7         insurance cancellation. We attempted to pull
                         8         the vehicle over on the 2000 block of 72nd
                         9         Avenue with lights and sirens activated,
                             IO    that's when the vehicle began to speed off at
                          11       a high rate of speed. The vehicle turned
                          12       westbound on Andrews and began from there. It
                          13       went on for approximately six, seven blocks.
                          14       The vehicle went northbound on the 1900 block
                          15       of Dallas, which was the wrong way. It was
                          16      one way southbound, which he turned back onto
                          17      Andrews A venue when he struck a blue Toyota
                          18      Solera with a PA tag of GJX7621, filled out an
                         19       accident report, 201114090920, that's the
                         20       accident report taken for that incident. The
                         21       defendant struck the driver's side fender and
                         22       door. That vehicle was being operated by a
                         23       female. He struck that door, proceeded to
                         24       kind of push the vehicle -- try to over
                         25       compensate into the park vehicle, bounce off

               N.T., 09-12-12, P. 23:

                         1        that vehicle, and continued to drive at a very
                         2        high speed away from that incident, we were
                         3        still pursuing the vehicle as the vehicle took
                         4        off.
                         5        We continued to chase the vehicle
                         6        approximately two to three blocks, where it
                         7        came to stop, a male fell out of the vehicle,
                         8        left the vehicle running on the 7000 block of
                         9        71 st. He bailed out on foot, left the vehicle

                                                        4
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                        10   running, heavy front-end damage. I gave
                        11   chase, never losing sight of the male. I
                        12   caught the male on the 1900 block of Dallas,
                        13   the male was taken into custody. The vehicle
                        14   was Live Stopped. The defendant did take --
                        15   I'm sorry, did receive three different
                        16   citations. One for the registration being
                        17   suspended, also reckless driving, and license
                        18   being suspended.

        Officer Momme testified that the speed limit in the area is 25 mph and after the defendant

 sped off, he estimated that the defendant was operating his vehicle at least twice that speed

 during the 1 to 3 minute police chase. This officer never lost sight of the defendant's vehicle.

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 24, L. 22 to P. 25, L. 20. The chase took place over more than a six (6) block

area and the defendant disregarded numerous stop signs. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 26, L. 9-19. During

the entire chase, this Officer observed the defendant not using turn signals, swerving, hitting two

(2) vehicles and fleeing the scene. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 27, L. 5-8.

        The defendant was issued three (3) citations, one each for registration suspended for

insurance cancelation; reckless driving; and, license suspended due to being a scofflaw with 56

outstanding tickets. The defendant's vehicle was "Live Stopped>' due to the insurance

cancellation. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 28, L. 1-16.

        On cross-examination, Officer Momme admitted that the reason for attempting to pull the

defendant over was for use of a cellphone while driving, which he stated was a code violation,

and also for the insurance cancelation per the NCIC/PCIC check. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 29, L. 3 to

P. 30, L. 7. At the end of the chase, the defendant stopped his vehicle and then attempted to flee

on foot. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 31, L. 1-3. He was arrested and then transported from the scene by

other officers. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 31, L. 22-23.

                                                   5
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           With the admission of Commonwealth Exhibits C-1, C-2 and C-3 into evidence without

  objection, the Commonwealth rested.

           This Court found both the testimony of Ms. Muwwakkil as well as Officer Momme

  credible in regard to the events of this police chase involving the defendant. Cross-examination

  failed to reveal any discrepancies,   conflicts or other inconsistencies   in their testimony and no

  bias or prejudice of either witness was exposed. This Court accepted their testimony as truthful,

  credible and reliable.

          It is well established that the trier of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses

 and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence.

 Commonwealth, v. Smith, 2013 Pa. Super. 100 (Pa. Super. Ct. May l, 2013).             This Court chose

 to believe these witnesses' testimony. Further, the defendant claims that since their testimony is

 not credible, the evidence is not sufficient to support the verdict. This claim is misplaced, as

 credibility applies to the weight of the evidence, not its sufficiency.      See Commonwealth        I'.

Dougherty, 860 A.2d 31, 36 (Pa. 2004) (sufficiency claim attacking credibility of the evidence is

not sufficiency claim at all; it is a weight claim and therefore fails). Regardless, these witnesses'

testimony was sufficient to prove the elements of the crimes for which this defendant was found

guilty, as detailed below.

         The defense then presented its case and called Steven Torpey, Jr, an insurance agent for

Allstate Insurance Company, as its first witness.      Mr. Torpey testified that the vehicle being

operated by the defendant (and owned by his wife, Tamara Parker) was insured on December 12,

2011,   with coverage having been in place with his company since July 14, 2011      and without any

lapse in coverage during that time. N.T., 09-12-12,   P. 34, L. 2~12.

                                                  6
                                                                                 Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

         On cross-examination, Mr. Torpey testified that Mrs. Parker had been a customer since

 June or July, 2011, even though the letter marked as C-4 addressed the six month period of

 coverage from December 14, 2011 to June 14, 2011. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 35, L. 19-20.; N.T., 09-

 12-12, P. 36, L. 17-21. This Court accepted Mr. Torpey's testimony as credible, but not relevant

 to any of the charges or on the issue of probable cause for the reasons set forth below.

        In his 1925(b) Statement, the defendant claims that defense counsel was ineffective for

 failing to call his wife, Tamara Parker, who was allegedly an eyewitness to the events occurring

 on the evening of December 12, 20 I 1. This contention, however, is contradicted by the record, as

defense counsel initially called Mrs. Parker as a witness in regard to only the insurance issue,

then decided she would not testify due to her testimony being cumulative to Mr. Torpey's

testimony, stating:

                        16   MS. MURBARGER: Defense calls at
                        17   this point Tamara Parker.
                        18   MS. GALIETT A: It's my understanding
                       19    the testimony from Tamara Parker is cumulative
                       20    of Mr. Torpey.
                       21    MS. MURBARGER: Given Mr. Torpey's
                       22    testimony, I will not need Tamara Parker. I
                       23    will not call Tamara Parker. I will call my
                       24    client Jason Parker.

               N.T., 09-12-12, P. 40.

       During the sentencing phase, Mrs. Parker did, however, address the Cami on her

husband's behalf, stating:

               N.T., 09-12-12, P. 59:

                       23 ... It was just unfortunate what
                       24 happened on that day. I had finals on that
                       25 particular day, and I couldn't do what I was

                                                 7
                                                                                 Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

                N.T., 09-12-12, P. 60:

                        l supposed to do and prepare/or him being out
                        2 and going out and doing whatever tutppened tltat
                        3 day....

                Emphasis added.

        Clearly, by her own testimony as to "whatever happened that day," Mrs. Parker was not

an eyewitness to the events of December 12, 2011 and, therefore, this Court concludes that her

not being called as a witness for the defense in its case in chief is a meritless issue on appeal as it

relates to an ineffective assistance claim, since Mrs. Parker would not have been in a position to

provide any testimony to this Court on the defendant's behalf. Had she been an eyewitness with

information helpful to the defense, she would not have been present to just provide testimony

related to the insurance issue, but eyewitness testimony as well.

       The defendant also testified on his own behalf. His testimony was brief.             On direct

examination, he testified as follows:

               N.T., 09-12-12, P. 46:

                       5 Q. Mr. Parker, on the day you were arrested, did
                      6 you take your normal medications?
                      7 A. No, I did not.
                      8 Q. What kind of medications do you normally take?
                      9 A. I take insulin and I take oral medications for
                       l O diabetes.
                      11 Q. Why didn't you take your medication that day?
                      12 A. Because I received a call at 7:00 a.m. to go
                      13 take care of my mother, she just had cancer
                      14 surgery, so I was supposed to evaluate her and make
                      15 sure she was stable. So I just rushed over to her
                     16 house to watch over her.
                     17 Q. And did you ever take your medication that
                     18 day?
                     19 A. No, I didn't have a chance too.
                     20 Q. Now, what happened when you went out that
                     21 evening after 8:00 o'clock?
                     22 A. I remember my wife went to school and we came

                                                8
                                                                                    Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

                          23 home -- she picked me up from my morn's house, and
                          24 we came home, and we were watching jeopardy or
                          25 something, and I started feeling cold sweats and

               N.T., 09-12-12, P. 47:

                          1    light-headed and I knew I had to eat and take my
                          2   medication, so we called Little Caesar Pizza around
                          3   the corner, we ordered pizza and chicken and paid
                          4   for it, and that's the last thing I remember.
                          5   Q. Did you -- so do you have any memory of
                          6   driving your car?
                          7   A. None.
                      8       Q. Do you have any memory of a crash or arrest?
                      9       A. No, I just remember waking up in the hospital
                      10      handcuffed to the bed, and they were given me
                      11      orange juice and insulin, and Iwas asking
                      12      everybody what happened. The police just kept
                      13      telling me to shut the F up, shut the F up.

       The defense then marked Exhibit D-1, a packet of hospital records, which was admitted

into evidence over the Commonwealth's          objection that it was not a complete record. Exhibit D-1

consisted of several pages of records from Albert Einstein Medical Center (AEMC) Emergency

Department date December 12, 2011, and a March 12, 2012 handwritten note of Azad Khan,

M.D., which statds:

        Mr. Parker has uncontrol [sic] Diabetes Mellitus, he is on insulin and oral
        hypoglycemic medication. He is also treated for Anxiety, Bipolar disorder and
        Paranoid Schizophrenia. Isl Azad Khan, M.D.

       The AEMC notes indicate that Mr. Parker was seen in the Emergency Department from

9:25 p.m. to approximately l 0:30 p.m. During that time, his blood sugar was determined to be

241.

       On cross-examination, Mr. Parker was asked the following:

              N.T., 09-12-12, P. 49:

                      4       Q. Mr. Parker, do you remember having contact
                      5       with the officer that testified here today?

                                                     9
                                                                                    Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

                          6 A. I just remember seeing him at the hospital. I
                          7    asked him what happened? Why I am handcuffed? He
                          8    said, shut the F up.
                          9    Q. Mr. Parker, do you remember seeing him out on
                          10   the street?
                          11   A. No, I don't.
                          12   Q. Do you remember at some point hitting another
                          13   vehicle?
                          14   A. No, I don't.

       In order to clarify the record in regard to the defendant's claims that his actions were the

result of his diabetic condition, this Court questioned the defendant as follows:

               N.T., 09-12-12, P. 49:

                          19 THE COURT: Are you a type one or
                      20     type two diabetic?
                      21 THE DEFENDANT: I'm a type two, Your
                      22 Honor.
                      23 THE COURT: Insulin dependent?
                      24 THE DEFENDANT: Insulin and I take
                      25 oral medications?

              N.T., 09-12-12, P. 50:

                      1        THE COURT: What do you take?
                      2        THE DEFENDANT: Glucotrol and
                      3        Biguanides and Metformin, something like that.
                      4        THE COURT: And what's the reason
                      5        you didn't take your insulin that day?
                      6        THE WITNESS: My brother called me
                      7        and said --
                      8        THE COURT: I know about mother,
                      9        later in the day, why didn't you take it?
                      10      THE DEFENDANT: After we left my
                      11      mother's house, we went to my doctor to get my
                      12      medication filled, and we went to the ·
                      13      pharmacy, and we were waiting and waiting.
                      14      They said they were backed up, and we had to
                     15       go pick up our daughter like 6:00 o'clock,
                     16       6:30, so we had to leave and come back to get
                     17       the medication from the pharmacy, so that's
                     18       why I was not able to take it, because the
                     19       pharmacy was backed up, and we had to go pick
                     20       up our daughter.

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                            21   THE COURT: You have no insulin at
                            22   home on hand?
                            23   THE DEFENDANT: No, I didn't, Your
                            24   Honor.

            This Court did not believe the defendant's testimony, as it lacked a scintilla of credibility.

     The defendant had specific recall of the numerous events leading up to the time the police

     attempted to stop his vehicle, and then conveniently has absolutely zero recollection of the police

    chase, despite the fact that the testimony indicates that he was in full control of the vehicle and

    took drastic, dangerous actions in an attempt to flee the police. He remembers ordering food

    from Little Caesar's and next waking up in the hospital, but nothing at all in between, A person

    who has "passed out" would not be able to lead police on a chase of this magnitude. This Court

    finds this testimony lacking honesty and truthfulness.

            To further support this Court's finding of lack of credibility, it is noted that the defendant
                                                                              2
    has a crimen falsi conviction for theft - receiving stolen property.          "[T]he credibility of a witness

    may be impeached by evidence that he has prior crimen falsi convictions, meaning those that

    bear on a witness's honesty and truthfulness." Commonwealth v. Causey, 833 A.2d 165, 169

    (Pa. Super. 2003), appeal denied, 848 A.2d 927 (Pa. 2004) (citing Pa.R.E. 609).

           The defendant now raises the issue that the police did not have probable cause to stop

    him for talking on a cellphone while driving and for the failure to have insurance. This issue was

not raised at trial, however, this Court will address this argument, as this issue fails on two (2)

levels.

           First, Officer Momme testified that the defendant had been observed using a cellphone

while driving, which he had termed as a "code violation." This testimony was uncontroverted. It

is believed that the defendant will raise the issue of lack of probable cause on this issue due to

2 The Quarter Sessions file was marked as Exhibit C-5, relating to Co111111onwealth v. Parker, CP-5 l-CR-06084 l l-
I 996, which does indicate a conviction for Theft RSP. Exhibit C-5 was admitted without objection.

                                                        1I
                                                                                   Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

 the enactment of changes to the Vehicle Code at 75 Pa. C.S. § 3316(e), which expressly

 preempted Philadelphia Code § 12-1132 (Prohibiting Use of Mobile Telephones by Persons

 Operating Vehicles), which would negate a reason, i.e., probable cause, to have stopped the

 defendant. Defendant's anticipated reliance upon this change in the law is misplaced. Although

 this change was signed into law on November 9, 2011, approximately one month before the

 defendant's arrest, its effective date was March 8, 2012, nearly 60 days after. Until the law took

 effect, the Philadelphia Code section cited above was still in effect. Therefore, Officer Momme

 had probable cause to pull the defendant over for this observed code violation.

        Further, a NCIC/PCIC       check performed     by Officer Momme revealed             insurance

 cancellation on the vehicle.   This information also provided a good faith, sufficient basis for

 Officer Momme to pull the defendant's vehicle over for further investigation.            Although it

appears that the NCIC information may have been inaccurate, the defendant still had the

obligation to pull over.    The charges in this case stemmed from the actions taken by the

defendant after the police attempted to initiate a vehicle stop after activation of the lights and

sirens on the police vehicle. The defendant cannot be excused for such actions.

        Further, it is well established that NCIC checks can form the basis for probable cause.

When the police possess articulable, reasonable grounds to suspect a violation of the Motor

Vehicle Code, probable cause exists. Commonwealth v. Gleason, 567 Pa. 111, 785 A.2d 983,

985 (2001 ). Since NCIC reports can form the basis of probable cause, Officer Momme had

sufficient probable cause to stop Defendant when he learned through the NCIC report that the

vehicle being driven by defendant lacked proper financial responsibility.      Commonwealth v.

Riley, 284 Pa.Super. 280, 425 A.2d 813, 816 (1981 ).

                                                12
                                                                                 Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

         Thus, this officer had specific articulable facts that led him to believe that violations of

 both the Philadelphia Code and the Motor Vehicle Code were occurring. Given that defendant

 was being stopped with sufficient probable cause supported by reasonable and articulable

 grounds, the attempt to stop him was legal. Commonwealtlt ,,. Bolton, 2003 Pa. Super. 314, 831
A.2d 734, 736-37 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2003).

         Had the NCIC/PCIC information been inaccurate, the resulting citations could have been

 disputed in the appropriate court with jurisdiction over such matters and Mr. Torpey could have

 appeared to testify as he did before this Court regarding the insurance issue. For the defendant

 not to comply by pulling over and instead choosing to flee, he set into motion the criminal acts

which resulted in the charges which the defendant now claims the Commonwealth failed to

prove beyond a reasonable doubt.

        In regard to the sufficiency of the evidence presented at trial, the defendant claims that

the Commonwealth failed to prove the element of criminal intent as required by each of the

statutes upon which he was found guilty. This claim is without merit. With this Court finding

the defendant's testimony not credible as it relates to him "passing out behind the wheel" (See

Defendant's    1925(b ), Paragraph ( 1 )), it was required to look to the direct and circumstantial

evidence in order to determine the defendant's intent. Commonwealth v. Alexander, 477 Pa.
190, 383 A.2d 887, 889 (1978) ("Criminal intent may be proven by direct or circumstantial

evidence.").

        This Court looked to the acts of the defendant as stated by the two (2) eyewitnesses in

order to glean his intention. "Where the intention of the actor is obvious from the act itself, the

finder of fact is justified   in assigning the intention that is suggested by the conduct."

Commonwealth v. Meredith, 490 Pa. 303, 416 A.2d 481, 485 ( 1980).

                                                 13
                                                                                     Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

         The testimony   of the witnesses     clearly shows the defendant   did not pass out, but instead

 took affirmative   and direct actions behind the wheel once the police initiated the attempt to pull

 him over for traffic violations.     The defendant    drove for numerous   city blocks over a period of

 several minutes, striking cars, going from forward to reverse and back to forward,           maintaining

 control over the vehicle,    accelerating,   making numerous     turns, then bringing   his vehicle    to a

 stop, exiting it and then attempting     to flee on foot.   A person who has "passed       out behind the

 wheel" would not be able to perform any of those acts. The witnessed        acts of the defendant     belie

 his claims and, therefore,    this   Court did not find his testimony credible in the least that he

 remembers nothing about the incident.           His claim of passing out is nothing more than an

 unaccepted excuse without legal or logical basis. The facts here justify the conclusion that the

defendant's intent was supported by his witnessed and reckless conduct.

        In regard to the findings of guilt on the following specific charges, under a totality of the

testimony standard, the Commonwealth          met its burdens in regard to the following:

        A person is guilty of 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3733 - Fleeing or attempting to elude police officer

when a driver of a motor vehicle willfully fails or refuses to bring his vehicle to a stop, or who

otherwise flees or attempts to elude a pursuing police officer, when given a visual and audible

signal to bring the vehicle to a stop.

        Defenses to this charge are statutorily set forth as (1) the pursuing police officer's vehicle

was not clearly identifiable by its markings or (2) the defendant can show by a preponderance of

the evidence that the failure to stop immediately for a police officer's vehicle was based upon a

good faith concern for personal safety.

       Officer Monune testified that he was in a marked patrol car (N.T., 09-12-2012, P. 23, L.

20-23) when he activated his lights and sirens. It was at that point, that the defendant sped off

                                                      14
                                                                                  Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

 (N.T., 09-12-2012, P. 22, L 20-23) and set his criminal acts into motion. This shows the

 defendant's mental wherewithal as to his surroundings, as he knowingly tried to escape. Further,

 the defendant failed to provide any testimony as to the applicability of the second statutory

 defense, therefore, the evidence was sufficient to support the finding of guilt on this charge.

         In regard to the determination of guilt on the criminal mischief charges, the defendant

 claims that since he did not utilize any hazardous materials or tamper with any tangible object,

 he could not have been guilty of this charge. The evidence presented at trial was sufficient to

 prove that the defendant intentionally damaged the personal property of another, where the

 credible trial testimony of Ms. Muwwakkil and Officer Momme established that defendant hit

 the vehicle occupied by Ms. Muwwakkil, backed up and sped forward, again striking it and

causing damage to a vehicle that he did not own. This testimony was sufficient to support a

finding of guilt on the criminal mischief charge, as his actions clearly fell within the scope and

intent of the statute.

        The testimony was also sufficient to support the finding of guilt on the simple assault

charge, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2701, which is defined as - A person is guilty of assault ifhe attempts to

cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury to another. This Court has

already determined that the defendant knowingly and intentionally attempted to elude the police.

The resulting charges all stemmed from that initial action. Unfortunately an innocent person,

Ms. Muwwakkil, was injured as she testified to on direct examination. Since Ms. Muwwakkil

sustained bodily injured as a result of the defendant's       criminal actions, the evidence was

sufficient to support a finding of guilt on this charge.

                                                  15
                                                                                  Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

        The evidence was also sufficient to support a finding of guilt for reckless endangerment.

 This crime is defined as when a person recklessly engages in conduct which places or may place

 another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury. See 18 P.S. §2705.

        To sustain a conviction under Section 2705, the Commonwealth must prove that the

 defendant had an actual present ability to inflict harm and not merely the apparent ability to do

 so. Danger, not merely the apprehension of danger, must be created. The mens rea for recklessly

 endangering another person is "a conscious disregard of a known risk of death or great bodily

 harm to another person." Commonwealth       l',   Klein, 795 A.2d 424, 427-428 (Pa. Super. 2002),

 (quoting Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 747 A.2d 910, 915-916 (Pa. Super.2000) (citations and

quotation omitted)).

        A person acts recklessly with respect to a material element of an offense when he

consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the material element exists or will

result from his conduct. The risk must be of such a nature and degree that, considering the nature

and intent of the actor's conduct and the circumstances known to him, its disregard involves a

gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the

actor's situation. Commonwealth v. Cordoba, 902 A.2d 1280, 1289-1290 (Pa. Super.2006)

(citing 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 302(b)(3)).

       As stated above, the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to establish a prima

facie case against the defendant on all charges for which he was found guilty, as the offered

evidence showed that the defendant fled from police at a high rate of speed (at least double the

speed limit) on numerous city streets for several minutes, drove down streets in the wrong

direction, disregarded stop signs, and struck an occupied vehicle twice, causing the occupant

injury. These reckless acts were not due to complications from a medical condition, but were

                                                   16
                                                                                  Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

  due to the defendant knowingly driving on a suspended license and aware his scofflaw status

  with over 50 outstanding tickets, which would result in his arrest. This Court concluded that the

 circumstances surrounding defendant's actions presented an actual, foreseeable risk of danger.

 See Commonwealth v. Reynolds, 835 A.2d 720, 729 (Pa. Super. 2003) .
                  .--···

         As to defendant's claim that this Court erred in denying his motion requesting funds to

 "hire a diabetic doctor," it should be noted that the defendant filed numerous motions prose,     but

 under the guise of his appointed counsel. This claim, like the others raised, is without merit.

         On May 29, 2012, defendant filed a motion claiming that the incident leading to his arrest

 was "medically induced" and had been "viewed by two witnesses, defendant's wife and his

 brother, and his primary care physician ... " As previously indicated, defendant's wife was not an

 eyewitness to this incident and this Court is unaware of defendant's brother's knowledge as he

 did not appear at trial to testify on defendant's behalf.

        The defendant also claimed that his "primary care physician had seen [him] on the date of

his arrest and had ordered him medications" and to prove the defense that he was "sick that day,"

the "defendant needs the testimony of his or another diabetic expert doctor."

        The defendant contends that without an expert diabetic physician, he was prevented from

presenting evidence concerning his inability to form a specific intent to commit the above crimes

due to complications of his medical condition. This appellate issue is without merit.

        The decision to appoint an expert witness is within the sound discretion of the trial court

and will not be disturbed except for a clear abuse of that discretion. Commonwealth     v. Gelonno,

327 Pa.Super. 219, 475 A.2d 765 (1984). There is no obligation                 on the part of the

Commonwealth to pay for the services of an expert, except in capital cases. Commonwealth            v.

Williams, 522 Pa. 287, 294, 561 A.2d 714, 718 (1989) ( citing Com111011wea/t/1 v. Box, 481 Pa.
17
                                                                                                         Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

      62, 391 A.2d 1316 (1978)); Cotnmonweattlt v. Roe/tester, 305 Pa.Super 364,. 451 A.2d 690

      (1982). Furthermore, an indigent defendant does not have the right to choose his own expert or

     receive funds to hire his own expert. Commonwealth v. Wholaver, 605 Pa. 325, 346, 989 A.2d
883, 895 (2010) (relying upon Ake           ii.   Oklahoma, 470 U.S. 68, 105 S. Ct. 1087, 84 L. Ed. 2d 53

     (1985)).

              The denial of the defendant's motion did not violate his due process or equal protection

     rights as alleged. There is no constitutional mandate that an expert is to be appointed to assist the

     defendant in the preparation of a defense at the public expense. Gelormo, 327 Pa. Super. at 229,

     475 A.2d at 770 (citations omitted). Therefore, this issue is without merit.

             Lastly, the defendant raises an ineffective assistance claim.                    The first two (2) issues

    raised3 are without legal basis. To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a

    defendant must show that: (1) the claim is of arguable merit; (2) counsel had no reasonable

    strategic basis for his or her action or inaction; and (3) but for the errors and omissions of

    counsel, there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of the proceedings would have been

    different. Commonwealth v. Kimball, 555 Pa. 299, 724 A.2d 326, 333 (Pa. 1999). A defendant's

    counsel is presumed to be effective, and a defendant must overcome that presumption and prove

    all three of the factors referenced above. Commonwealth v. Singley, 582 Pa. 5, 19, 868 A.2d
403, 411 (2005).

            The first allegation of ineffective assistance of counsel related to the failure of trial

counsel to retain an expert witness fails for the reasons stated above. The defendant was indigent

and represented by the public defender. The defendant did not have a right to have a court

3
    5. Trial counsel was ineffective for:

           a. failing to present a medical expert who could have testified to the effects of diabetes,
           b. failing to present the Defendant's wife who was an eyewitness

                                                             18
                                                                                   Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

  appointed expert. A motion to that effect was made and denied. Although the defendant filed the

  motion under his signature, but allegedly through Defender's            Association counsel, Steven

  Fleury, the attempt to have the Commonwealth pay for an expert was made. Defendant cannot

  claim his appointed counsel was ineffective for not presenting testimony of an expert witness,

  when said request for funds to retain this expert was not required nor permitted by this Court.

  Counsel is not required to pursue motions which have no arguable merit. Co111111011wea/t!, v.

  Goosby, 461 Pa. 229, 336 A.2d 260 (1975). Defendant's logic in raising this issue fails, as this

 position lacks arguable merit, thereby failing to fulfill the first prong of an ineffectiveness of

 counsel argument.

           As for the ineffectiveness    of trial counsel in not presenting the defendant's   wife as

 witness, this argument also fails. Mrs. Parker was present in the courtroom at the trial of this

 matter, but v. ,as not an eyewitness to these events for the reasons stated above. Her testimony

 would have been limited to the insurance issue only. Based upon the foregoing reasoning and

determination by this Court, this claimed issue fails to satisfy any of the three (3) prongs of an

ineffectiveness of counsel argument.

           In regard to the defendant's      third claim that trial counsel     was ineffective    for

misrepresentation    related to waiver of his right to a jury trial, this Court, as stated above,

performed an on the record colloquy of the defendant. The defendant also signed a written jury

waiver form and his ability to understand the contents thereof was placed on the record, as

follows:

                 N.T., 09-12-2012, P. 8:

                        17   THE COURT: Mr. Parker, I'm holding
                        18   up a waiver of jury trial form, do you see
                        19   this form I'm holding up here?
                        20   THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.

                                                  19
                                                                Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

           21 THE COURT: Now, did you go over
           22 this entire form with your attorney?
           23 THE DEFENDANT: Yes, very
           24 thoroughly, Your Honor.
           25 THE COURT: And you do understand

  N.T., 09-12-2012, P. 9:

           1      what this form says?
           2      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.
           3      THE COURT: Now, at the bottom of
           4      this page that I'm pointing to, right here,
           5      there's a signature, do you see that? I'm
           6      going to have it handed back to you?
           7     THE DEFENDANT; I can see it. I
           8     seen it, yes.
           9     THE COURT: Now, is that your
           IO    signature at the bottom of the page there on
           11    this form?
           12    THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.
           13    THE COURT: And did you sign this
           14    form of your own free will?
           15    THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.

 N.T., 09-12-2012, P. IO:

        12 THE COURT: Now, according to the
        13 form that you signed, that you said you
        14 discussed thoroughly with your attorney and
        15 that you've indicated that you understood, you
        16 have agreed to give up your right to a jury
        17 trial and allow me to listen to all the
        18 evidence and decide whether you are guilty or
        19 not guilty of the charges against you; do you
       20 understand that this is what have you signed?
       21 THE DEFENDANT: Yes,Ido, Your
       22 Honor.
       23 THE COURT: NO\V, do you agree to
       24 have this case heard by me today sitting
       25 without a jury?

N.T., 09-12-2012, P. 1 I:

       1        THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.
       2        THE COURT: Have any promises been

                                     20
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                             3    made      to you to give up your right to a jury
                             4    trial?
                             5    THE      DEFENDANT: No, Your Honor.
                             6    THE      COURT: Have any threats been
                             7    made     to you to give up your rights to a jury
                             8    trial?
                             9    THE      DEFENDANT:        No, Your Honor.

         The defendant           did not raise       any issue    at the time,       despite   having   been given    the

 opportunity      to do so. Further his 1925(b) is silent as the nature of this alleged misrepresentation.

         The right to trial by jury is recognized                by Rule 620 of this Court's Rules of Criminal

 Procedure,    which provides:

                   In all cases, the defendant and the attorney for the Commonwealth may
          waive a jury trial with approval by a judge of the court in which the case is
          pending, and elect to have the judge try the case without a jury. The judge shall
          ascertain from the defendant whether this is a knowing and intelligent waiver,
          and such colloquy shall appear on the record. The waiver shall be in writing,
          made a part of the record, and signed by the defendant, the attorney for the
          Commonwealth,         the judge, and the defendant's      attorney as a witness.
          Pa.R.Crim.P. 620.

         When a presumptively               valid jury waiver      is collaterally     attacked   under the guise of

ineffectiveness      of   counsel,         it must    be   analyzed    like   any      other   ineffectiveness   claim.

Commonwealth. v. Mallory, 941 A.2d 686, 596 Pa. 172, Sup.2008, cert. denied 129 S. Ct. 257,

555 U.S. 884, 172 L. Ed. 2d 146, on remand2009 WL 6978587.

        Since this Court was made aware of this issue for the first time on appeal, there is no

record for the basis of this claim for which this Court can reference. Due to the defendant's

failure to file a PCRA petition with this Court, there has been no ability for collateral review.

This Court relies on Commonwealth v. Barnett, 25 A.3d 371, 377 (Pa. Super. 2011), where an

en bane panel held:

                 This Court [the Superior Court] cannot engage in review of ineffective
         assistance of counsel claims on direct appeal absent an "express, knowing and
         voluntary waiver of PCRA review." With the proviso that a defendant may

                                                            21
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             waive further PCRA review in the trial court, absent further instruction from
             our Supreme Court, this Court ... will no longer consider ineffective assistance
             of counsel claims on direct appeal. (citing Commonwealth v. Wright, 599 Pa.
270, 961 A.2d 119 (2008) and Commonwealth v. Liston, 602 Pa. 10, 28, 977
A.2d 1089, 1100 (2009).

            See also Commonwealth v. Grant, 8 I 3 A.2d 726 (Pa. 2002) ( establishing a general rule

 that claims of ineffective assistance of counsel should ordinarily be reserved for collateral

 review).

        The defendant never raised his ineffective assistance of counsel claims at the trial court

 level and no record has been developed on this issue due to this failure. Consequently, according

to Barnett, supra, and Grant, supra, defendant is presently foreclosed             from raising his

ineffectiveness of counsel issues on direct appeal because these issues were ripe for a PCRA

petition to this Court. Therefore, this issue should be dismissed in accordance with the holding in

Barnett (dismissing Barnett's claims of ineffective assistance of counsel without prejudice to

raise them in a subsequent PCRA petition) limiting the PCRA issue solely to the waiver of his

right to a jury trial based upon the alleged misrepresentations by his court appointed counsel.

       As to the challenges made by the defendant on his convictions, it is requested that the

verdict of this Court be affirmed on appeal or in the alternative, remanded for the limited issue of

determination of the issue raised in regard to defendant's waiver of his right to a jury trial

through a proper PCRA petition.

                                               BY THE COURT:

                                                 22
                                                                              Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM

 COMMONWEALTH V. JASON PARKER

 CP-51-CR-0014583 -2011

 286 EDA 2013

                                         PROOF OF SERVICE

        I hereby certify that I am this day serving the forgoing Opinion upon the person(s),

 And in the manner indicated below, which satisfies the requirements    of Pa. R. Crim. P. 114:

 COUNSEL:

                Emily B. Cherniack, Esquire
                Attorney for Jason Parker
              1500 Walnut Street, Suite 1100
               Philadelphia, PA 19102

               Hugh J. Burns, Esq.
              Chief, Appeals Unit
                Philadelphia District Attorney's Office
              Three South Penn Square
              Philadelphia, PA 19107

              Superior Court Prothonotary
              530 Walnut Street, Suite 315
              Philadelphia,   PA 19106

TYPE OF SERVICE:    FIRST CLASS MAIL

Dated: October~
                   -~ o+!"2013