Court Opinion

ID: 2761443
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-12-16 22:02:07.819929+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:27:08.117042
License: Public Domain

Filed 12/16/14 In re B.B. CA4/2

                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
 California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
                                     or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

           IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                   FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                 DIVISION TWO

In re B.B. et al., Persons Coming Under the
Juvenile Court Law.

RIVERSIDE COUNTY DEPARTMENT
OF PUBLIC SOCIAL SERVICES,                                               E061428

         Plaintiff and Respondent,                                       (Super.Ct.No. INJ014732)

v.                                                                       OPINION

H.W.,

         Defendant and Appellant.

         APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. Lawrence P. Best,

Temporary Judge. (Pursuant to Cal. Const., art. VI, § 21.) Affirmed.

         Jack A. Love, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and

Appellant.

         Gregory P. Priamos, County Counsel, and Anna M. Marchand, Deputy County

Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

                                                             1
       H.W. (Father) is the father of 11-year-old B.B., 10-year-old Ms.W. (Ms.), and

seven-year-old Ma.W. (Ma.). The children were detained by the Riverside County

Department of Public Social Services (DPSS). Father appeals from an order of the

juvenile court denying his petition for modification under Welfare and Institutions Code

section 388.1 On appeal, Father argues the juvenile court abused its discretion in denying

his section 388 petition. We find no error, and will affirm the judgment.

                                               I

                    FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       The family came to the attention of DPSS on January 19, 2014, when a referral

was received stating L.B. (Mother) had called law enforcement after discovering Father

had hit Ms.2 Mother reported that Ms. had a one-to-two inch cut on the side of his face,

but no other marks or bruises. Father reported that he had spanked Ms. twice on his

bottom with a belt for acting up in church, and when he tried to hit Ms. the third time, he

had accidentally hit Ms. on his face with the belt, causing the cut. Ms. reported that

Father had accidentally hit his face; that Father had put peroxide and ice on his face after

the incident; that Father had rarely spanked him; and that he was not afraid of Father.

Law enforcement informed Father to take Ms. to the hospital to have Ms.’s face

examined.

       1 All future statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code unless
otherwise stated.

       2   Mother is not a party to this appeal.

                                               2
         The children primarily lived with Father in a one-car converted garage space; and

Mother’s whereabouts were unknown. DPSS conducted an immediate investigation at

2:00 a.m. on January 20, 2014. Father was uncooperative during the initial investigation.

Ms. reported that he was afraid of Father and that Father had been hitting him with a belt

or other hard objects once a week. Ms. also reported that Mother had also hit him with a

belt and other objects. Ma. confirmed that his parents had disciplined him and his older

brother by hitting them with their hands, a belt, or other objects. Ma. stated that he was

afraid of his parents when they hit him or his brother. B.B. also confirmed the allegations

of Father’s use of physical abuse with a belt on her brothers, Ms. and Ma. The social

worker examined Ms. and noted that Ms. had swelling under his right eye, a cut that

started from the corner of his right eye to his cheek, and irritated and scabbed skin

between his upper thighs, lower stomach, and hips. Ms. also urinated in his bed every

night.

         Father had a criminal history that included numerous charges for battery on a

spouse, as well as a history with child protective services and domestic violence with

Mother.3 In June 2009, allegations that Father had engaged in domestic violence and had

hit B.B. were unfounded. In August 2009, Ms. had allegedly started a fire in the family’s

home. In October 2010, a child abuse allegation was found unfounded by DPSS. And, in

         3Mother also had a criminal history, a history with child protective services, and
a history of abusing drugs. Mother’s two older children were eventually removed from
her custody, and they were placed with the children’s maternal aunt in a legal
guardianship in 2004.

                                              3
February 2011, Ms. had reported to be unable to sit down at school because of a spanking

he had received by Father. He also reported a sore on his back had been caused by

Mother pouring hot coffee on him. In November 2011, a referral alleged that Ms.

appeared to be suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.

       On January 20, 2014, Ms. and Ma. were taken into custody and placed together in

a foster home. B.B., who had been spending time with her mother, could not be located.

Father had refused to disclose Mother’s telephone number and claimed that he did not

have an address for her. B.B. was eventually located and placed with her brothers on

January 23, 2014.

       On January 22, 2014, DPSS filed a section 300 petition on behalf of the children

pursuant to section 300, subdivisions (a) (serious physical harm), (b) (failure to protect),

(g) (no provision for support), and (j) (abuse of sibling).4 The children were formally

detained at the detention hearing and the parents were provided with services and

visitations pending a further hearing. Visitation for Father with Ms. was to be in a

therapeutic setting with the specific goal of protecting Ms.

       DPSS had arranged a visit between Father and the children for February 1, 2014.

DPSS had provided clear instructions to the parents regarding the visit and both stated

that they understood. The visit was to occur in a park near the paternal grandparents’

residence. Father was to have supervised visits with only Ma. and B.B. Father had stated

       4 The petition was amended on February 7, 2014, removing the subdivision (g) no
provision for support allegation as to Mother. The petition was again amended on
February 18, 2014, removing additional allegations as to Mother.

                                              4
that he understood and that once Ms. was in counseling, arrangements for visitation with

Ms. would be made. Despite the specific instructions, Father ignored the parameters of

the visit. The children were all taken to the paternal grandparents’ home where Father

made contact with Ms. The contact re-traumatized Ms.

       On February 6, 2014, all three children were placed with their adult sister, V.B.,

and maternal grandmother.5 While B.B. had adjusted well in her adult sister’s home, Ms.

had shown signs of depression, fear, and withdrawal while in placement. He had enuresis

and wet his bed nightly. He had been referred to counseling and for a psychiatric

evaluation. Ma. had some acting out behaviors where he had been oppositional and

throwing tantrums. Ma. had also been referred for counseling and a psychiatric

evaluation.

       On February 14, 2014, the juvenile court found the allegations in the petition true

as amended. The children were declared dependents of the court and the parents were

ordered to participate in reunification services. Father’s case plan required father to

attend and participate in counseling, domestic violence, child abuse, and parenting

education programs. Father was provided with supervised visits with Ma. and B.B. and

visits with Ms. in a therapeutic setting.

       5 On February 5, 2014, DPSS had submitted a relative assessment for the paternal
grandparents. A social worker, however, was unable to contact the grandparents via
telephone after multiple attempts.

                                              5
       On May 12, 2014, Ma. was placed with his paternal aunt. B.B. joined her brother

in her paternal aunt’s home on May 19, 2014. Ms. was placed in a group home on May

12, 2014.

       On May 15, 2014, Father filed a request to change court order pursuant to

section 388. Father requested that the children be placed together with the paternal

grandparents. He also requested that visitations between himself and B.B. and Ma. be

unsupervised; that the visitations be increased from one hour to two hours per week; and

that the therapeutic setting restriction between himself and Ms. be eliminated. In support,

Father submitted documentation indicating that he had completed 10 sessions of his

parenting program and that he had attended nine one-hour therapy sessions between

February 20 and April 24, 2014.

       DPSS recommended that the visits between Father and Ms. continue to be

supervised and that they remain in a therapeutic setting. DPSS, however, agreed that the

visits between Father and Ms. be increased only as deemed appropriate by Ms.’s

therapist. DPSS noted that the therapist had indeed increased the visits from one hour to

one and one-half hours. The therapist reported that the visits had been going well

between Father and Ms., but opined that more time during the visits was required to

establish a bond. The therapist therefore had increased Father’s visits with Ms. DPSS

believed that it was too early to determine if Ms. was ready for unsupervised visits with

Father since Ms. and Father had only recently started working with the therapist. DPSS

also had concerns that Father had anger issues that had not been addressed and that his

                                             6
anger issues were the cause of why he had physically abused the boys. Father was unable

to appropriately communicate with DPSS. When speaking with DPSS, Father would

always curse, yell, be disrespectful, argue, and abruptly end conversations. During a

meeting held in April 2014, Father had gotten into a verbal argument with the children’s

prior caretaker in front of the children and security had to be notified. DPSS had not

been able to make an assessment if Father had gained insight and taken responsibility for

the physical abuse as he had refused to have any contact with the social worker. DPSS

had the same concerns as to his request to have unsupervised visits with B.B. and Ma.

DPSS was concerned that Father had not gained insight and had continued to engage in

aggressive and angry behavior.

       DPSS also was not in agreement with moving the children from their respective

placements. The children had been moved four times during the brief period of the

dependency and DPSS did not believe another move was in the children’s best interest.

The moves had caused serious issues with the children’s behaviors and they had finally

established stability in their placements. B.B. and Ma. were placed in a stable, loving

home with the paternal aunt. Ms. was also doing very well in the group home; and DPSS

noted that as soon as his mental health was stabilized, placement with the paternal aunt

would be considered so he would be with his siblings. Further, Father and Mother had

both agreed to the placement decision during a meeting in April 2014. At that time,

Father had stated that placement with the paternal aunt was the “ ‘best option’ ” for the

children. Moreover, the paternal grandparents had been conditionally approved. They

                                             7
were required to take a parenting class due to their prior involvement with child

protective services involving substantial allegations of physical abuse. DPSS wanted the

paternal grandparents to follow through with the recommendations in the event the

current placement did not work out or the children had to be separated due to their

behaviors.

       A hearing on Father’s section 388 petition commenced on June 13, 2014. At that

time, Father’s counsel agreed B.B.’s and Ma.’s current relative placement was

appropriate, but requested that Ms. be moved out of the group home and placed with

relatives. Father’s counsel noted that Father was not satisfied with the care Ms. had

received in the group home because on a recent visit Father had noticed Ms.’s hair was

uncombed, his face was not washed, and his clothing was too small. Father’s counsel

also noted that Father attributed Ms.’s recent mental behaviors to Ms. having to be moved

numerous times and being placed in a group home. Father believed that Ms.’s issues

would be resolved if he were placed with the paternal aunt or paternal grandparents and

that Ms. had stated his desire to be with his siblings and family. Father’s counsel also

argued that because Father had completed the majority of his case plan and had done

everything that had been asked of him, visitations in a therapeutic setting were no longer

necessary nor in Ms.’s best interest. For these same reasons, Father’s counsel argued that

Father’s visits with B.B. and Ma. should be unsupervised and increased and that Father

had acknowledged the mistakes he had made and had taken responsibility for his

behavior with DPSS.

                                             8
       The juvenile court denied Father’s request to move B.B. and Ma. out of their

current relative placement, noting they were doing well. The hearing was, however,

continued to June 23, 2014, because the court desired further information as to when Ms.

could be moved out of the group home. The court also desired a plan for increasing

Father’s visits “in a safe context.”

       At the June 23, 2014 hearing, DPSS’s counsel informed the court that Ms.’s status

would be evaluated in August and upon a 90-day cycle to determine if he could be

relocated to a less restrictive placement, and, if a change is recommended, DPSS intended

to place Ms. with his siblings. Ms.’s counsel noted that the group home Ms. was placed

at was “not a normal group home, not like others,” and that they take younger children.

Ms.’s counsel argued Ms. should not be moved any sooner than August and that changing

his placement would not be to his best interest. Based on the best interest of the children,

the juvenile court denied Father’s request to place the children with the paternal

grandparents, Father’s request to receive visitation without the therapeutic setting

condition, and Father’s request to receive unsupervised visits with B.B. and Ma. This

appeal followed.

                                              II

                                       DISCUSSION

       Father argues the juvenile court abused its discretion in denying his section 388

petition. Specifically, he claims that it was in the best interest of Ms. to be placed with

his paternal grandparents or paternal aunt and that it was in Ms.’s best interest to begin

                                              9
visits with his father outside a therapeutic setting. He also argues that his significant

progress in his case plan and appropriate visits were evidence unsupervised visits should

have been granted with B.B. and Ma.

       Section 388, subdivision (a), permits anyone having an interest in a dependent

child to petition the juvenile court for a hearing to change, modify or set aside a previous

order on the ground of changed circumstances or new evidence. A parent seeking to

change an order of the dependency court bears the burden of proving by a preponderance

of the evidence that (1) there is a change in circumstances warranting a change in the

order, and (2) the change would be in the best interest of the child. (In re S.J. (2008) 167

Cal.App.4th 953, 959 [Fourth Dist., Div. Two].) “Not every change in circumstance can

justify modification of a prior order. [Citation.] The change in circumstances must relate

to the purpose of the order and be such that the modification of the prior order is

appropriate. [Citations.] In other words, the problem that initially brought the child

within the dependency system must be removed or ameliorated. [Citations.] The change

in circumstances or new evidence must be of such significant nature that it requires a

setting aside or modification of the challenged order. [Citations.]” (In re A.A. (2012)

203 Cal.App.4th 597, 612 [Fourth Dist., Div. Two].)

       The denial of a section 388 petition is reviewed for abuse of discretion. (In re

Angel B. (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 454, 460-461.) The juvenile court’s ruling will not be

disturbed on appeal unless the trial court has exceeded the limits of discretion by making

an arbitrary, capricious, or patently absurd determination, i.e., the decision exceeds the

                                              10
bounds of reason. (In re Stephanie M. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 295, 318-319.) “ ‘ “When two or

more inferences can reasonably be deduced from the facts, the reviewing court has no

authority to substitute its decision for that of the trial court.” [Citations.]’ [Citations.]”

(In re Brittany K. (2005) 127 Cal.App.4th 1497, 1505.) “It is rare that the denial of a

section 388 motion merits reversal as an abuse of discretion . . . .” (In re Kimberly F.

(1997) 56 Cal.App.4th 519, 522.) Having reviewed the record as summarized above,

we conclude the juvenile court properly exercised its discretion by denying Father’s

section 388 petition.

       Although the juvenile court did not make an express finding regarding Father’s

current circumstances, the evidence supports a finding that Father had not made a

significant change in circumstances that led to the removal of the children by the time of

the section 388 petition. While Father had completed his parenting program and had

attended 10 counseling sessions, Father still had not addressed his domestic violence or

anger issues that led him to physically abuse the boys. As part of his case plan, Father

was required to attend and complete a domestic violence program to address his history

and current issues of battery; and actively participate in a parenting program, a child

abuse program, and counseling. There was no evidence to show Father had taken steps

toward satisfying the domestic violence component of his case plan. In fact, the record

shows that Father still had anger issues and was unable to maintain his composure in

dealing with DPSS. The difficulty faced by Father in making his case in the juvenile

court or on appeal is that Father had not addressed “the problem that initially brought the

                                               11
child[ren] within the dependency system” so that the juvenile court could determine

whether the problem was “removed or ameliorated” by the changes in circumstances

advanced in Father’s section 388 petition. (In re A.A., supra, 203 Cal.App.4th at p. 612.)

       Furthermore, besides arguments from Father’s counsel, there was no new evidence

presented to show that B.B. and Ma. desired unsupervised visits with Father; or that Ms.

wanted visits with Father outside a therapeutic setting; or that Ms. wanted to live with

paternal relatives; or that the paternal grandparents wanted custody of the children.

Indeed, initially, on February 5, 2014, DPSS had made unsuccessful attempts to contact

the paternal grandparents to inquire about the children’s placements. Moreover, it

appears that the paternal grandparents by the time of the section 388 hearing had not been

fully approved to have the children placed in their home, since there was no evidence to

show the paternal grandparents had followed through with DPSS’s recommendations.

       Even assuming arguendo Father established new evidence or a change in

circumstances, Father failed to establish that a change in placement and visitation was in

the children’s best interest at the time of the section 388 hearing. In assessing the “best

interests” component under section 388, we examine “(1) the seriousness of the problem

which led to the dependency, and the reason for any continuation of that problem; (2) the

strength of relative bonds between the dependent children to both parent and caretakers;

and (3) the degree to which the problem may be easily removed or ameliorated, and the

degree to which it actually has been.” (In re Kimberly F., supra, 56 Cal.App.4th at

p. 532, italics omitted.)

                                             12
       Here, although we agree with Father that it is in Ms.’s best interest to be placed

with relatives and his siblings, there was no evidence to show that it was in his best

interest to do so at the time of the section 388 hearing. Neither DPSS nor the juvenile

court had foreclosed the possibility of moving Ms. from the group home and placing him

with his siblings with relatives. However, at the time of the section 388 hearing, there

was no evidence to suggest moving Ms. and providing him with visits outside a

therapeutic setting was in Ms.’s best interest. The family came to the attention of DPSS

due to Father having physically abused the boys. As a result of Father’s use of corporal

punishment, Ms. had issues with wetting his bed, he was afraid of his father and did not

want to live with him, and he suffered from depression and anxiety. When Ms. was

forced to see Father during an unauthorized unsupervised visit, Ms. was re-traumatized.

Ms. and his siblings had been moved four times from January to April 2014, and had

recently begun to make progress in their respective homes. At the time of the section 388

hearing, the group home had appeared to be serving Ms.’s needs, and the paternal aunt’s

home was serving B.B.’s and Ma.’s needs. Additionally, Father’s visits with Ms. in

therapy sessions were going well and the therapist had begun to work with Father and

Ms. to improve their bond by extending the visits.

       Likewise, there was no evidence to show that unsupervised visits were in B.B.’s

and Ma.’s best interest at the time of the section 388 hearing. By the time of the

section 388 hearing, Father had not addressed his anger issues or the domestic violence

component of his case plan or ameliorated the problems that led to the children’s

                                             13
removal. DPSS had concerns that Father had not gained insight into what exactly had led

to the removal of his children.

       Accordingly, the juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in denying Father’s

section 388 petition.

                                            III

                                     DISPOSITION

       The judgment is affirmed.

       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

                                                               RAMIREZ
                                                                                          P. J.
We concur:

McKINSTER
                          J.

MILLER
                          J.

                                            14