Court Opinion

ID: 1045892
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 02:31:01.197779+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:51:03.768540
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT JACKSON
                           Assigned on Briefs July 10, 2012

              STATE OF TENNESSEE v. RICHARD HANKE, SR.

                  Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County
                        No. 08302    Donald H. Allen, Judge

              No. W2011-01830-CCA-R3-CD - Filed September 27, 2012

The Defendant-Appellant, Richard Hanke, Sr., entered a plea of guilty in the Madison
County Circuit Court to robbery (count one), aggravated burglary (count two), aggravated
assault (count three), and two counts of kidnapping (counts four and five), all Class C
felonies. He additionally pleaded guilty to retaliation for past action (count six) and
possession of a weapon with intent to employ in offense (count seven), both Class E felonies.
The trial court imposed a term of six years’ confinement for the robbery, aggravated
burglary, aggravated assault, and each kidnapping. It further imposed a sentence of two
years for possession of a weapon with intent to employ in offense and retaliation for past
action. The trial court ordered the concurrent term of six years’ confinement in counts one,
two, and four to be served consecutively to the concurrent term of six years’ confinement
imposed in counts three, five, and seven. Count six was ordered to be served consecutively
to all other counts, for an effective sentence of fourteen years in the Tennessee Department
of Correction. The sole issue presented for our review is whether the trial court erred in
ordering partially consecutive sentencing. Finding no abuse of discretion, we affirm the
judgments of the trial court.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Circuit Court Affirmed

C AMILLE R. M CM ULLEN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which J OHN E VERETT
W ILLIAMS and A LAN E. G LENN, JJ., joined.

David Camp, Jackson, Tennessee (at guilty plea and sentence); George Morton Google,
District Public Defender; Gregory D. Gookin, Assistant Public Defender, (on appeal)
Jackson, Tennessee, for the Defendant-Appellant, Richard Hanke, Sr.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Sophia S. Lee, Senior Counsel,
Assistant Attorney General; James G. (Jerry) Woodall, District Attorney General; and Brian
Gilliam, Assistant District Attorney General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.
                                                OPINION

       The facts of this case were summarized by this Court in the Appellant’s appeal from
the denial of post-conviction relief. Richard T. Hanke, Sr. v. State, No. W2009-02659-CCA-
R3-PC, 2011 WL 2476031 (June 22, 2011) (reversing and granting Hanke a delayed appeal).
Therein we stated:

       Based on the stipulated facts at the guilty plea hearing, the petitioner and his
       son were involved in a home invasion burglary in Madison County, Tennessee.
       There were three victims at the residence during the burglary, one of whom
       was able to escape and notify the police. The petitioner, armed with a baseball
       bat, and his son, armed with a shotgun, demanded money and drugs from the
       victims. One of the victims was struck in the back of his head and on his neck
       with the baseball bat. The petitioner and his son gathered items from the
       residence, and tied up the victims with black zip ties. The petitioner and his
       son were apprehended as they were leaving the residence. They later provided
       law enforcement with statements admitting their involvement in the offenses.

Id. at *1.1 Appellant’s guilty plea for retaliation for past action was based upon a threat made
by the Appellant to an officer when the Appellant was taken into custody. The Appellant
stated, “I’ll take care of you. You’ll see me again. . . . If you take off these handcuffs, I’ll
kick your ass.” All of the above offenses occurred on November 20, 2007.

        At the sentencing hearing, neither party offered any specific mitigating or
enhancement factors for the court’s consideration. Counsel presented arguments, and the
State offered the Appellant’s pre-sentence report into evidence, which showed the Appellant
with a criminal history consisting of two misdemeanor domestic violence assaults and a
traffic offense for speeding. The Appellant also testified, accepted responsibility for the
offense, and requested leniency for his son.

           After taking a recess, the court stated that it had reviewed the pre-sentence report “in
great detail” and considered “the evidence that was presented at the time of the guilty plea,
. . . . the Principles of Sentencing involved in this case and also the nature and characteristics
of the criminal conduct involved.” The court read aloud the Appellant’s statement to police.
The court concluded, “Obviously this is a very, very serious case . . . . [O]nce they broke into
the residence by force, they did assault Mr. Cox and also did tie up and kidnap or at least
detained these to individuals . . . . The Court will consider this very serious violent criminal

       1
           The Appellant’s son and co-defendant is not a party to this appeal.

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conduct.” The court found no mitigating factors and applied three enhancement factors to
the Appellant’s sentence: (1) that the Appellant was the “leader in the commission of these
offenses involving two or more criminal actors;” (2) the crimes “involved more than one
victim;” and (3) he “possessed or employed a firearm or other deadly weapon during the
commission of the offenses.”

      In addition, the court found the Appellant’s criminal history to be extensive. In
imposing consecutive sentences, the court stated the following:

       The Court also finds that consecutive sentencing in [the Appellant’s] case is
       also appropriate as well. The reason being the Court finds that [the Appellant]
       is an offender whose record of criminal activity is extensive. When I say
       criminal activity, I’m talking about primarily the charges for which he has pled
       guilty here today. Mr. Hanke, Sr. has accepted responsibility and pled guilty
       to seven separate felony convictions involving two different victims. We are
       talking about two people that were sitting in their residence, minding their own
       business and the next thing they know, there is somebody trying to break in a
       window and enter into their residence. He comes in wearing ski masks and
       carrying a shotgun and a baseball bat; assaults both of the individuals and
       placed both individuals in fear. Steals money, drugs, cell phones, different
       items were taken and then Mr. Hanke decides he’ll tie them both up before he
       leaves. This is a very extensive history of criminal activity. So the Court finds
       in his case that the following counts, Counts 1, 2, and 4 which involve the
       victim Ms. Bowen, those sentences of six years will all run concurrently;
       however, those sentences will run consecutive to the sentences on Counts 3
       and 5 and 7. Those are the counts involving the victim Mr. Cox. Now, also
       the Court finds–so that would be a total effective sentence of twelve years on
       those counts. Also the Court finds that the two year sentence for Retaliation
       for Past Action, . . . would be appropriate to run . . . consecutive to these six
       year sentences.

       The trial court sentenced the Appellant as a Range I, standard offender to the
maximum sentence for each offense and imposed an effective fourteen-year sentence. The
Appellant did not file an appeal following sentencing but sought a delayed appeal through
a post-conviction petition. This Court granted a delayed appeal in Richard T. Hanke, Sr. v.
State, 2011 WL 2476031, and on August 11, 2011, the Appellant timely filed a notice of
appeal.

                                        ANALYSIS

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       The Appellant contends that the trial court erred in finding he had “an extensive
record of criminal activity” under Tennessee Code Annotated Section 40-35-
115(b)(2)(2006). He argues that a “total effective sentence of six years, with all counts to
be served concurrently, would fulfill the goals of sentencing and would not depreciate the
seriousness of Appellant’s criminal conduct.” The State responds that the trial court properly
ordered partial consecutive sentences.

         On appeal, we must review issues regarding the length and manner of service of a
sentence de novo with a presumption that the trial court’s determinations are correct. T.C.A.
§ 40-35-401(d) (2006). Nevertheless, “the presumption of correctness which accompanies
the trial court’s action is conditioned upon the affirmative showing in the record that the trial
court considered the sentencing principles and all relevant facts and circumstances.” State
v. Ashby, 823 S.W.2d 166, 169 (Tenn. 1991). The defendant has the burden of showing the
impropriety of the sentence. Sentencing Comm’n Comments, T.C.A. § 40-35-401(d) (2006).
If the trial court followed the statutory sentencing procedure, made adequate findings of fact
that are supported by the record, and gave due consideration and proper weight to the factors
and principles that are relevant to sentencing under the sentencing act, this court may not
disturb the sentence even if a different result was preferred. State v. Fletcher, 805 S.W.2d
785, 789 (Tenn. Crim. App.1991). In conducting our de novo review, this court must
consider:

       (1) The evidence, if any, received at the trial and the sentencing hearing;

       (2) The presentence report;

       (3) The principles of sentencing and arguments as to sentencing alternatives;

       (4) The nature and characteristics of the criminal conduct involved;

       (5) Evidence and information offered by the parties on the mitigating and
       enhancement factors set out in §§ 40-35-113 and 40-35-114;

       (6) Any statistical information provided by the administrative office of the
       courts as to sentencing practices for similar offenses in Tennessee; and

       (7) Any statement the defendant wishes to make in the defendant's own behalf
       about sentencing.

T.C.A. § 40-35-210(b) (2006); State v. Carter, 254 S.W.3d 335, 343 (Tenn. 2008). Our
review of the record reflects that the trial court followed the appropriate procedures in

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sentencing. The Appellant does not challenge any applied enhancement factors or omitted
mitigating factors, nor are any apparent. Accordingly, because the trial court properly
considered the purposes and principles of the sentencing act pursuant to sections 40-35-102
and -103 and all relevant facts and circumstances, our review will be de novo with a
presumption of correctness.

       This court will not disturb the trial court’s determination of concurrent or consecutive
sentences absent an abuse of discretion. State v. Blouvet, 965 S.W.2d 489, 495 (Tenn. Crim.
App.1997). Where a defendant is convicted of one or more offenses, the trial court has
discretion to decide whether the sentences shall be served concurrently or consecutively.
T.C.A. § 40-35-115(a) (2006). A trial court may order multiple offenses to be served
consecutively if it finds by a preponderance of the evidence that a defendant fits into at least
one of the seven categories in section 40-35-115(b) (2006). An order of consecutive
sentencing must be “justly deserved in relation to the seriousness of the offense.” T.C.A. §
40-35-102(1) (2006). In addition, the length of a consecutive sentence must be “no greater
than that deserved for the offense committed.” T.C.A. § 40-35-103(2) (2006).

        In this case, the trial court ordered consecutive sentencing based upon the Appellant’s
“extensive criminal history” under Tennessee Code Annotated Section 40-35-115(b)(2). This
court has held that “[e]xtensive criminal history alone will support consecutive sentencing.”
State v. Adams, 973 S.W.2d 224, 231 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997) (citing State v. Chrisman,
885 S.W.2d 834, 839 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994)). The record shows that the Appellant had
two prior domestic violence assault convictions and a speeding violation. In addition, the
trial court imposed consecutive sentencing based “primarily [upon] the charges for which
[the Appellant] has pled guilty here today.” It further concluded, based upon “seven separate
felony convictions involving two different victims” that consecutive sentencing was
appropriate.

        We conclude that the trial court properly imposed consecutive sentences in this case.
The Appellant does not challenge the length of each individual sentence imposed by the trial
court or his range of punishment. He acknowledges that “he pled guilty to seven felony
offenses” but argues “his actions do not merit a finding . . . of an extensive record of criminal
activity.” Because the “crimes [considered by the court] occurred in a relatively short period
of time on one day[,]” he claims consecutive sentencing was improper. However, this
argument has been rejected by the Tennessee Supreme Court. See Gray v. State, 538 S.W.2d
391, 393 (Tenn. 1976) (“We reject petitioner’s argument that in determining whether to
sentence a defendant to consecutive sentences, the trial judge is required to take into
consideration the fact that all of the offenses arose out of one single criminal episode or were
inspired by the same general intent and minutely limited in both time and space.”). Further,
this Court has repeatedly held that “[c]urrent offenses may be used in determining criminal

                                               -5-
history for the purposes of consecutive sentencing.” State v. Brian Lee Cable, E2005-00608-
CCA-R3-CD, 2006 WL 1381484, at *8 (Tenn. Crim. App. May 19, 2006) (citing State v.
Cummings, 868 S.W.2d 661, 663 (Tenn. Crim. App.1992) (affirming consecutive sentencing
wherein defendant had no prior criminal record but pled guilty to eight offenses); accord
State v. Mark Robert Carter, No. M2007-02706, 2009 WL 1349206, at *10 (Tenn. Crim.
App. May 14, 2009) (“While a trial court may only use a defendant’s prior criminal history
to enhance the length of an individual sentence, the trial court may use current offenses to
justify the imposition of consecutive sentences based upon the criminal history.”); State v.
Bennet, No. M2002-01215-CCA-R3-CD, 2003 WL 1562090, at *3 (Tenn. Crim. App. Mar.
26, 2003) (affirming consecutive sentencing wherein defendant with prior criminal record
of one conviction for driving on a suspended license and one for assault pleaded guilty to
eighteen felony offenses); State v. Ingram, No. W2002-00936-CCA-R3-CD, 2003 WL
721704, at *3 (Tenn. Crim. App. Feb. 26, 2003) (“A court may consider the offenses for
which a defendant is being sentenced in determining whether the defendant has an extensive
record of criminal activity.”).

      Based on the above authority, we conclude that the trial court did not err in ordering
the Appellant to serve his sentences consecutively. Appellant has failed to show the
impropriety of his sentence. See T.C.A. § 40-35-401(d), Sentencing Comm’n Comments.
Accordingly, he is not entitled to relief.

                                     CONCLUSION

       Upon review, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                                  ______________________________
                                                  CAMILLE R. McMULLEN, JUDGE

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