Court Opinion

ID: 5469870
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-09 20:29:44.156172+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:33:15.898092
License: Public Domain

Johnson, J.
The injunction as originally granted, by its terms restrained the defendant from disposing of any property in his possession or under his control, whether it was or ever had "been the property of the judgment debtor or not, and had there been no modification of such injunction, I should be inclined to the opinion that there had been a technical violation of it by the defendant. Unquestionably the injunction was improvidently granted with so wide a scope, and was very properly modified, so as to operate only on property to which the plaintiff could possibly lay claim. But this is of no consequence, on the question of the violation of its provisions. While the injunction remains it must be obeyed, and it is no answer to a charge of violation, that the injunction ought not to have been granted.
But here the defendant is not proceeded against until after the modification, and the question arises, whether the modification did not operate to divest entirely of their illegal and improper character, the acts complained of. I am clearly of the opinion that it did. The only case I have been able to find where this question seems to have been raised, is that of Moat agt. Holbein (2 Ed. Ch. R. 188), in which the vice chancellor expresses the opinion that no motion made for an attachment after the dissolution of an injunction, on the ground of an infringement of it while in force, can be sustained. It does not appear, however, that the decision was *410■ put exclusively upon that ground. But the analogies are all that way.
It is well settled, both in England and in this country, by numerous adjudications, that where an act is forbidden and rendered criminal by statute, and which statute is afterwards repealed, offences committed under it before such repeal, and the proceedings thereupon, are discharged by the repeal, and cannot be proceeded on afterwards unless there is a special clause in the repealing act authorizing proceedings for such acts.
In the case of Hartung agt. The People (22 N. Y. R. 95), it was held that the repeal of a law imposing a penalty, arrests the judgment even after conviction for the offience, and the judgment must be reversed on writ of error.
The authorities on the question are nearly all cited in that case. The rule has been repeatedly recognized and acted upon by the courts of this state upon the repeal or modification of our excise laws, in regard to offences committed before such repeal or modification. The reason of this rule applies with full force to the case of an injunction vacated or modified, and all acts in violation of it previously. An injunction, which is but an order of the court, can have no more force or extended operation, after it is set aside or modified, than a statute repealed or modified, in regard to acts previously done. In either case, the rule being abolished, the infraction of it is abolished also, and nothing remains on which a conviction can be based.
There was no saving clause in the .order modifying the injunction in question. The illegal acts became legal and innocent by relation, upon the modification of the injunction, upon the same principle, substantially, that a legal act done under voidable process, becomes illegal and actionable by relation, after the process is set aside. "While the process stands, an act in pursuance of it may be justified under it, but the moment it is set aside, an action lies by the injured party, and the process being set aside,- no justification remains to the party in whose favor it is issued and served (Chapman agt. Dyett, 11 Wend. 31).
*411It is claimed by the plaintiff, that upon the testimony before the referee, it appears that a portion at least of the property thus disposed of by the defendant, came originally from the judgment debtor. But the referee finds the other way, and in this he is sustained by the preponderence of the evidence.
I must hold, therefore, that the defendant has not been guilty of -the misconduct alleged, and that he is entitled to his discharge from the attachment, with such costs as are allowed by law.