Court Opinion

ID: 1071332
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:41:25.577603+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:00:41.045376
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Benton, Bray and Bumgardner
Argued at Salem, Virginia

JOSEPH TYRONE EVANS, JR.
                                            MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.   Record No. 2216-98-3                    JUDGE RICHARD S. BRAY
                                                NOVEMBER 2, 1999
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

          FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF DANVILLE
                      James F. Ingram, Judge

          Brian H. Turpin for appellant.

          Richard B. Smith, Assistant Attorney General
          (Mark L. Earley, Attorney General, on brief),
          for appellee.

     Joseph Tyrone Evans, Jr. (defendant) was convicted in a bench

trial for robbery.    On appeal, he challenges the sufficiency of

the evidence to prove the offense.     Finding no error, we affirm

the conviction.

     The parties are fully conversant with the record, and this

memorandum opinion recites only those facts necessary to a

disposition of the appeal.

                                  I.

     In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we must

consider the record "'in the light most favorable to the

     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, recodifying Code
§ 17-116.010, this opinion is not designated for publication.
Commonwealth, giving it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible

therefrom.   In so doing, we must discard the evidence of the

accused in conflict with that of the Commonwealth, and regard as

true all the credible evidence favorable to the Commonwealth

. . . ."    Watkins v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 335, 348, 404

S.E.2d 859, 866 (1998) (citation omitted).   The credibility of the

witnesses, the weight accorded testimony, and the inferences to be

drawn from proven facts are matters to be determined by the fact

finder.    See Long v. Commonwealth, 8 Va. App. 194, 199, 379 S.E.2d

474, 476 (1989).   "When weighing the evidence, the fact finder is

not required to accept entirely either the Commonwealth's or

defendant's account of the facts," but "may reject that which it

finds implausible, [and] accept other parts which it finds to be

believable."    Pugliese v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 82, 92, 428

S.E.2d 16, 24 (1993).    The judgment of the trial court will not be

set aside unless plainly wrong or unsupported by the evidence.

See Code § 8.01-680.

     Viewed accordingly, the instant record establishes that, on

the morning of December 20, 1997, defendant and Joe Leftwich

agreed to "make a couple of [drug] sales."   Shortly thereafter,

the victim, Teresa Hayes, "pulled up" in an automobile and asked

if the two had "dope."   Leftwich responded, "yeah," and both

entered Hayes' car, Leftwich in the front passenger seat and

defendant in the rear.   Leftwich testified that defendant passed

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him "something that looked like dope," 1 which Leftwich exchanged

with Hayes for $30.    However, after examining the item, Hayes

declared that "she didn't want it . . . [because] it didn't look

right," and Leftwich returned her money and took "the fake stuff

back."

     Leftwich recalled that Hayes and defendant then "got to

arguin'" and defendant, armed with a gun, "was threatenin'

[Hayes], . . . [c]allin' her bitches and . . . threatenin' to

shoot her" if she did not "pay" the money to him.   Hayes began to

"pull off slow," defendant reached into his coat pocket, Hayes

reached for her pocketbook, and defendant "jumped outta' the car."

With defendant outside the car and fearing that Hayes "was trying

to shoot" him, Leftwich "pulled" a gun and shot her five times.

     Mortally wounded, Hayes "pushed the gas to the floorboard,"

and the car "speeded up a little bit," striking a nearby tree and

injuring Leftwich.    "[D]izzy," Leftwich dropped the gun to the

floor, stumbled from the vehicle and directed defendant, standing

approximately 20 feet distant, "to get the gun."    Defendant ran to

the disabled car and returned with the gun, Hayes' pocketbook and

her $30 cash.    Retaining possession of the pocketbook and money,

defendant passed the weapon to Leftwich, and both fled.

     At approximately 11:30 a.m. on the day of the offense,

Quimmah Rasheed, a Commonwealth witness residing in close

     1
         Leftwich acknowledged that the "dope" was "fake."

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proximity to the scene, heard "'bout five shots fired," a car

"skid[]" and crash and, moments later, observed two men "runnin'

down the street."   One, resembling defendant, was carrying a

"purse," followed by another, "stumblin'" along with "something in

his hand."

     Leftwich's niece, Ashley Poole, testified that defendant and

Leftwich arrived at her apartment at "around lunchtime," dressed

in "[b]loody clothes."   Poole noticed that Leftwich "was carryin'

a gun and [defendant] . . . a pocketbook."   Leftwich confessed to

Poole that "he did something very bad[,] . . . he killed a girl."

Poole watched as defendant "look[ed] through the pocketbook" and

discovered "some credit cards," which he "showed" to Leftwich.

The two then "put clothes over their bloody clothes," left the

apartment and "ran down [the] street."   While in Poole's

residence, defendant was observed in possession of the $30 stolen

from Hayes.

     Commonwealth witness Derrick Lea, a jail inmate previously

housed in a cellblock with defendant, recounted a conversation in

which defendant confessed that he and Leftwich "had robbed this

lady[,] . . . took this pocketbook," and he had directed "Leftwich

to shoot the MF."   Sharetta Fitzgerald, the mother of defendant's

son, testified that defendant also admitted to her that he "got

. . . money from [the victim]" after "the other person shot" her.

     At the conclusion of both the Commonwealth's case-in-chief

and trial, defendant moved to strike the evidence, arguing that

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the Commonwealth had failed to establish his intent to rob Hayes

coincided with violence or intimidation, an element indispensable

to robbery.   The court overruled the motions and convicted

defendant of the offense.   On appeal, defendant again challenges

the sufficiency of the evidence, contending that he "clearly did

not have robbery in mind" during the encounter with Hayes, but,

"instead[,] . . . petit larceny after the shooting."

                                II.

     "Robbery at common law is defined as, 'the taking, with the

intent to steal, of the personal property of another, from his

person or in his presence, against his will, by violence or

intimidation.'"   Clay v. Commonwealth, 30 Va. App. 254, 258-59,

516 S.E.2d 684, 686 (1999) (en banc) (citation omitted).      Thus,

           [t]he principal elements of robbery, . . .
           are the taking, the intent to steal, and the
           violence (or intimidation). Definitionally,
           there is a temporal correlation among these
           elements. The violence must occur before or
           at the time of the taking. The intent to
           steal and the taking must coexist. And the
           offense is not robbery unless the animus
           furandi was conceived before or at the time
           the violence was committed.

Branch v. Commonwealth, 225 Va. 91, 94-95, 300 S.E.2d 758, 759

(1983).   It is, therefore, immaterial that the theft may have

occurred after the victim's injury or death, provided the

requisite intent to steal accompanied the related violence or

intimidation, together with the other elements of the offense.

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See Whitney v. Commonwealth, 223 Va. 66, 73, 286 S.E.2d 162, 166

(1982).

     Here, defendant "was threatenin' [Hayes], . . . [c]alling

her bitches, . . . threatenin' to shoot her" if she refused to

surrender to him the $30 cash originally exchanged during the

aborted drug transaction, finally instructing Leftwich "to shoot

the MF" and immediately stealing her purse and money.   Defendant

later confessed to the robbery and attendant murder of Hayes to

both Lea and Fitzgerald.   Such evidence clearly supports the

finding that defendant intended to steal Hayes' property through

intimidation and violence and commanded another to murder her in

furtherance of his criminal design, conduct clearly sufficient

to constitute robbery.

     Accordingly, we affirm the conviction.

                                                        Affirmed.

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