Court Opinion

ID: 753606
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2012-04-18 02:05:18+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:11:39.177047
License: Public Domain

141 F.3d 1185
98 CJ C.A.R. 1984
NOTICE:  Although citation of unpublished opinions remains unfavored, unpublished opinions may now be cited if the opinion has persuasive value on a material issue, and a copy is attached to the citing document or, if cited in oral argument, copies are furnished to the Court and all parties.  See General Order of November 29, 1993, suspending 10th Cir. Rule 36.3 until December 31, 1995, or further order.
STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY;  State FarmFire And Casualty Company, Plaintiffs-Appellants,v.Bill McCALISTER, Debbie McCalister, Defendants-Appellees.
No. 97-5002.
United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.
April 17, 1998.

Before SEYMOUR, Chief Judge, LOGAN and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.

1
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

2
Plaintiffs State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company and State Farm Fire and Casualty Company (hereinafter collectively "State Farm") appeal the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of Bill and Debbie McCalister.  State Farm sued the McCalisters in September 1996, seeking a declaration that a series of settlements entered into by State Farm and the McCalisters constituted a full and final settlement of all of the McCalisters' claims for uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage.  The district court rejected State Farm's contentions and concluded that the settlement agreements clearly and unambiguously released State Farm from liability only under the specific policies referenced in the settlement agreements.  On appeal, State Farm asserts that the district court erred when it refused to consider extrinsic evidence in interpreting the settlement agreements, even though the agreements are unambiguous on their faces.  We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.

3
This court reviews a decision granting summary judgment de novo, under the same legal standard applicable in the district courts.  See Miles v. Denver Pub. Sch., 944 F.2d 773, 775 (10th Cir.1991).  Summary judgment is appropriate "if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law."  Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c);  see also Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986).

4
Because the parties are familiar with the facts surrounding this case and the controlling issue on appeal is legal, this court sees no need to recite the facts here.  Relying on a 1973 decision of this court and a 1980 decision of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, State Farm contends that the district court was obligated to review extrinsic evidence to determine the meaning of the settlement agreements, even though those agreements are unambiguous on their faces.  See First Nat'l Bank v. Rozelle, 493 F.2d 1196, 1200 (10th Cir.1973);  Amoco Prod.  Co. v. Lindley, 609 P.2d 733, 741-42 (Okla.1980).  We agree that the referenced cases appear to indicate that resort to extrinsic evidence is appropriate even when the contract in question is unambiguous.  The problem with State Farm's reliance on Rozelle and Amoco, however, is that the Oklahoma Supreme Court's most recent pronouncements on this issue clearly indicate that courts must not utilize extrinsic evidence to interpret a contract when that contract is clear and unambiguous on its face.  For instance, the Oklahoma Supreme Court recently held as follows:

5
Whether a contract is ambiguous so as to require extrinsic evidence to clarify the doubt is a question of law for the courts.  If language of a contract is clear and free of ambiguity, the court is to interpret it as a matter of law.

6
....

7
A contract must be considered as a whole so as to give effect to all its provisions without narrowly concentrating upon some clause or language taken out of context.  The language in a contract is given its plain and ordinary meaning unless some technical term is used in a manner intended to convey a specific technical concept.   The parol evidence rule teaches that unless fraud or mistake is involved, pre-contract negotiations and oral discussions are merged into, and superseded by, the terms of an executed writing.  The practical construction of an agreement (to be derived from the acts and conduct of the parties) is an available tool only in case ambiguity appears to be present.  Where, as here, a contract is complete in itself and, when viewed as a totality, is unambiguous, its language is the only legitimate evidence of what the parties intended.  That intention cannot be determined from the surrounding circumstances, but must be gathered from a four-corners' examination of the instrument.

8
Lewis v. Sac & Fox Tribe of Okla.  Hous. Auth., 896 P.2d 503, 514 (Okla.1994) (footnotes omitted);   see also Founders Bank & Trust Co. v. Upsher, 830 P.2d 1355, 1361-62 (Okla.1992) ("Intent is to be gathered from the entire instrument.   Where the language is clear and explicit, there is no need to resort to extrinsic evidence to ascertain its meaning.  Where a contract is complete in itself but, as viewed in its entirety is unambiguous, its language is the only legitimate evidence of what the parties intended."  (footnotes omitted)).

9
In a diversity case, this court is required to apply the most recent statement of state law by the state's highest court.  See Vitkus v. Beatrice Co., 127 F.3d 936, 941-42 (10th Cir.1997);  Black v. Baker Oil Tools, Inc., 107 F.3d 1457, 1464 (10th Cir.1997).  Accordingly, our disposition of the issue raised by State Farm is controlled by Sac & Fox Tribe and Founders Bank, rather than the much older cases cited in State Farm's brief.  Sac & Fox Tribe and Founders Bank indicate that the district court did not err when it refused to consider extrinsic evidence to vary the terms of the settlement agreements at issue.  Furthermore, because the settlement agreements were clear and unambiguous and resort to extrinsic evidence was not necessary, the district court did not err in denying State Farm an evidentiary hearing on the McCalisters' summary judgment motion.  Sac & Fox Tribe, 896 P.2d at 514 ("If language of a contract is clear and free of ambiguity, the court is to interpret it as a matter of law.").

10
Having resolved that the district court did not err in refusing to consider the extrinsic evidence advanced by State Farm, we AFFIRM for substantially those reasons expressed by the district court in its thorough Order dated December 3, 1996.

*
 This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel.  The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments;  nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir.  R. 36.3