Court Opinion

ID: 4357781
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-01-10 16:58:53.628667+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:28:52.575117
License: Public Domain

J-S79024-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA            :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                         :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                         :
              v.                         :
                                         :
                                         :
 KRISTINE MARIE MARTIN                   :
                                         :
                   Appellant             :   No. 878 MDA 2018

           Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence May 21, 2018
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Adams County
           Criminal Division at No(s): CP-01-CR-0001418-2017

BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., OLSON, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                 FILED: JANUARY 10, 2019

     Appellant, Kristine Marie Martin, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered on May 21, 2018. In this direct appeal, Appellant’s court-appointed

counsel filed both an application to withdraw as counsel and an accompanying

brief pursuant to Commonwealth v. McClendon, 434 A.2d 1185 (Pa. 1981),

and its federal predecessor, Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). We

conclude that Appellant’s counsel complied with the procedural requirements

necessary to withdraw.     Furthermore, after independently reviewing the

record, we conclude that the appeal is wholly frivolous. We, therefore, grant

counsel’s application to withdraw and affirm the judgment of sentence.

     On October 27, 2017, Appellant was traveling eastbound on Potato

Road. She crossed into the westbound lane, struck a road sign, and struck a

tree on an embankment.      Pennsylvania State Police Trooper George Weis
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investigated the accident. He noticed that Appellant had glassy eyes and an

odor of alcohol emanating from her breath. When Appellant spoke to Trooper

Weis, her speech was slurred.

        On January 10, 2018, the Commonwealth charged Appellant via criminal

information with driving under the influence-general impairment (“DUI-

general impairment”)1 and disregarding traffic lanes.2 On April 19, 2018, she

was convicted of both offenses. On May 21, 2018, the trial court sentenced

her to an aggregate term of two days to six months’ imprisonment.       This

timely appeal followed.3

        Appellant’s counsel raises one issues in his Anders brief:

        Did the Commonwealth present sufficient evidence at trial to
        sustain Appellant’s conviction for [DUI-general impairment]?

Anders Brief at 5.

        Before reviewing the merits of this appeal, we must first determine

whether counsel has fulfilled the necessary procedural requirements for

withdrawing as counsel. See Commonwealth v. Blauser, 166 A.3d 428,

431 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citation omitted). To withdraw under Anders, court-

appointed counsel

____________________________________________

1   75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(a)(1).

2   75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3309(1).

3 Appellant and the trial court complied with Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
Procedure 1925.

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        must file a petition averring that, after a conscientious
        examination of the record, counsel finds the appeal to be wholly
        frivolous. Counsel must also file an Anders brief setting forth
        issues that might arguably support the appeal along with any
        other issues necessary for the effective appellate presentation
        thereof. Anders counsel must also provide a copy of the Anders
        petition and brief to the appellant, advising the appellant of the
        right to retain new counsel, proceed pro se, or raise any additional
        points worthy of this Court’s attention.

Commonwealth v. Cook, 175 A.3d 345, 348 (Pa. Super. 2017) (cleaned up).

        If counsel meets all of the above obligations, “it then becomes the

responsibility of the reviewing court to make a full examination of the

proceedings and make an independent judgment to decide whether the appeal

is in fact wholly frivolous.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 355

n.5 (Pa. 2009), quoting McClendon, 434 A.2d at 1187. It is only when both

the procedural and substantive requirements are satisfied that counsel will be

permitted to withdraw. In the case at bar, counsel has met all of the above

procedural obligations.4        We now turn to whether this appeal is wholly

frivolous.

        “The determination of whether sufficient evidence exists to support the

verdict is a question of law; accordingly, our standard of review is de novo

and our scope of review is plenary.” Commonwealth v. Edwards, 177 A.3d

963, 969 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation omitted).          In assessing Appellant’s

sufficiency challenge, we must determine “whether viewing all the evidence

____________________________________________

4   Appellant did not file a response to counsel’s Anders brief.

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admitted at trial in the light most favorable to the [Commonwealth], there is

sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime

beyond a reasonable doubt.” Commonwealth v. Sweitzer, 177 A.3d 253,

257 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citation omitted).     “[T]he facts and circumstances

established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of

innocence. . . . The finder of fact, while passing upon the credibility of

witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part,

or none of the evidence.” Commonwealth v. Davison, 177 A.3d 955, 957

(Pa. Super. 2018) (cleaned up).

      In order to sustain a DUI-general impairment conviction, “the

Commonwealth [must] prove the following elements: the accused was driving,

operating, or in actual physical control of the movement of a vehicle during

the time when he or she was rendered incapable of safely doing so due to the

consumption of alcohol.”    Commonwealth v. Eichler, 133 A.3d 775, 790

(Pa. Super. 2016), appeal denied, 161 A.3d 791 (Pa. 2016). Appellant told

Trooper Weis that she was driving, operating, or in physical control of the

vehicle. Thus, there was sufficient evidence to prove the first element of DUI-

general impairment.

      We next turn to whether there was sufficient evidence to prove Appellant

was intoxicated to the point of being incapable of safe driving. Our Supreme

Court has explained

      [t]he types of evidence that the Commonwealth may proffer in a
      [DUI-general impairment] prosecution include but are not limited

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       to, the following: the offender’s actions and behavior, including
       manner of driving and ability to pass field sobriety tests;
       demeanor, including toward the investigating officer; physical
       appearance, particularly bloodshot eyes and other physical signs
       of intoxication; odor of alcohol, and slurred speech.

Commonwealth v. Segida, 985 A.2d 871, 879 (Pa. 2009).

       The trial court was able to hear Appellant’s slurred speech because the

videotaped interaction between Appellant and Trooper Weis was played at

trial. Trooper Weis testified that Appellant had glassy eyes and an alcoholic

odor emanating from her breath.            Moreover, Appellant drove off the road

despite normal road conditions.5 Most of the factors that our Supreme Court

has identified as evidencing intoxication to a level where an individual is

incapable of safe driving are present. Hence, even assuming arguendo that

Appellant’s unsteady walk did not indicate that she was intoxicated to the

point of being unable to operate a vehicle safety, there was sufficient evidence

for the trial court to find Appellant guilty of DUI-general impairment.

       In sum, we conclude that the issue raised in counsel’s Anders brief is

wholly frivolous.     Furthermore, after an independent review of the entire

record, we conclude that no other issue of arguable merit exists. Therefore,

____________________________________________

5 Appellant testified that the accident was a result of her braking to avoid a
collision. The trial court, however, did not credit this testimony. As noted
above, we must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth and the trial court was free to believe all, part, or none of
Appellant’s testimony.

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we grant counsel’s request to withdraw. Having determined that the issue

raised on appeal is wholly frivolous, we affirm the judgment of sentence.

     Application to withdraw as counsel granted.      Judgment of sentence

affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 01/10/2019

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