Court Opinion

ID: 2747188
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-10-31 02:47:53.755256+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:48:08.190472
License: Public Domain

J-S65029-14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                  IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                     PENNSYLVANIA
                          Appellee

                     v.

JOANNE GIAMPA,

                          Appellant                 No. 653 EDA 2014

           Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence of October 7, 2013
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-46-CR-0007475-2012

BEFORE: PANELLA, OLSON and PLATT,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                        FILED OCTOBER 30, 2014

      Appellant, Joanne Giampa, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered on October 7, 2013. We affirm in part, vacate in part, and remand.

      The trial court summarized the factual background of this case as

follows:

      On May 20, 2012, at approximately 2:00 a.m., John Schlossman
      [(“Schlossman”)] . . . heard a terrible crash outside of his open
      window. Upon hearing the crash[,] Schlossman immediately
      called 911. Both the police and ambulance responded to the
      scene.

      At trial, Schlossman testified that a white Honda had hit the
      maple tree located on his property with such a force that the
      vehicle bounced back into the road. He also noted that his
      mailbox was completely destroyed. Although Schlossman didn’t
      see the driver of the vehicle that night, a couple days after the
      accident Appellant came to his home wanting to see the damage
      she caused and to apologize.

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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     Next to testify was Pennsylvania State Trooper Joseph Miller of
     the Skippack Barracks who responded to the scene of the one-
     vehicle crash.    He observed a white SUV in the roadway,
     which[,] based on the tire marks[,] he determined [had] struck
     the tree on [Schlossman’s] property. He also observed Appellant
     being placed in the ambulance. [Trooper Miller] went to the rear
     of the ambulance where Appellant was seated on a stretcher.
     Appellant told Trooper Miller that she was on her way home from
     her place of employment at Cloud 9. Appellant denied any
     memory of the crash. She did admit to [Trooper Miller] that she
     had had four beers earlier that night, but it had been hours since
     her last drink. Trooper Miller observed during his conversation
     with Appellant that her actions were slow and lethargic, her eyes
     were bloodshot, she was swaying[,] and that there was a strong
     presence of alcohol coming from her person and her breath.
     Trooper Miller did not have Appellant complete any field sobriety
     tests because she was complaining of neck and back pain and he
     did not want to put her in danger of further injury. Having
     determined that Appellant appeared impaired, [Trooper Miller]
     followed the ambulance to Lehigh Valley Hospital.             At the
     hospital emergency room, Trooper Miller read to Appellant her
     warnings and implied consent.         Appellant refused testing.
     [Trooper Miller] ultimately arrested Appellant for DUI. . . .

     The defense presented the testimony of Daniel Lagonegro, the
     man who helped remove Appellant from her car after the crash.
     He testified that he didn’t notice any signs of intoxication.
     Appellant also testified on her own behalf. Although Appellant
     denied having had any beer as [Trooper Miller] suggested, she
     did admit on direct examination and on cross-examination to
     having had three shots of vodka immediately before she left
     Cloud 9. Appellant admitted that right after she had those shots
     she got behind the wheel. Appellant explained that she did the
     shots and left work because she had “been very careful since her
     very first DUI, and she did them just to calm down and relax
     when she got home. She knew she only had a seven minute
     ride home.” Appellant blamed the crash on her swerving to
     avoid a deer that had jumped out into the roadway. Other than
     that fact, Appellant remembered nothing more about the crash.
     Appellant further testified that a lot of what happened after the
     accident was fuzzy, because she was distressed, confused[,] and
     in pain.

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Trial Court Opinion, 3/24/14, at 1-4 (internal alterations, citations, and

honorifics omitted).

        The procedural history of this case is as follows.   On November 21,

2012, Appellant was charged via criminal information with driving under the

influence – incapable of safe driving.1        On July 31, 2013, Appellant was

found guilty at a bench trial. On October 7, 2013, the trial court sentenced

Appellant to 90 days to 60 months’ imprisonment.         On October 18, 2013,

Appellant filed an untimely post-sentence motion.       On February 25, 2014,

Appellant filed a notice of appeal.2 On April 24, 2014, this Court issued a

rule to show cause why this appeal should not be quashed.3        On April 30,

2014, the trial court denied Appellant’s post-sentence motion.

        Appellant presents two issues for our review:

     1. Where a police officer’s opinion is based on a crash, an odor of
        alcohol, bloodshot eyes, and an admission of drinking—did the
        Commonwealth present sufficient evidence [Appellant] could not
        drive safely?

     2. Is the trial court’s sentence here illegal?

1
    75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(a)(1).
2
  On February 25, 2014, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal (“concise statement”). See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).    On March 14, 2014, Appellant filed her concise
statement. On March 24, 2014, the trial court issued its Rule 1925(a)
opinion. Both issues raised on appeal were included in Appellant’s concise
statement.
3
  Although this Court’s rule to show cause used the word dismissed, it is
evident that this Court meant quashed.

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Appellant’s Brief at 5 (footnote omitted).

      The Commonwealth and the trial court both contend that this appeal is

untimely. “Because the timeliness of an appeal implicates our jurisdiction,

we cannot address the merits of the other issues raised by [Appellant]

before determining whether the appeal was timely filed.”          Coulter v.

Ramsden, 94 A.3d 1080, 1084 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation omitted).

Whether an appeal is untimely presents a pure question of law; therefore,

our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.

Commonwealth v. Williams, 2014 WL 3672870, *2 (Pa. July 21, 2014)

(citation omitted).

      “In a criminal case in which no post-sentence motion has been filed,

the notice of appeal shall be filed within 30 days of the imposition of the

judgment of sentence in open court.” Pa.R.A.P. 903(c)(3). If a timely post-

sentence motion is filed, the notice of appeal must be filed within 30 days of

the order disposing of the post-sentence motion.     Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(2).

An untimely post-sentence motion does not toll the 30-day appeal period.

Commonwealth v. Trinidad, 96 A.3d 1031, 1034 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(citation omitted). A post-sentence motion is timely if filed within ten days

of the judgment of sentence. Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(1).

      In this case, Appellant’s judgment of sentence was imposed on

October 7, 2013. Therefore, the deadline for filing a timely post-sentence

motion was October 17, 2013.       As Appellant’s post-sentence motion was

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filed on October 18, 2013, it was untimely and did not toll the 30-day appeal

period. Therefore, under Rule 903, Appellant had until November 6, 2013 to

file her notice of appeal.    As Appellant’s notice of appeal was filed on

February 25, 2014, it appears on its face to be untimely.

      Appellant argues, however, that we have jurisdiction over this appeal

as there was a breakdown in the judicial process. Specifically, she contends

that the trial court erred by not informing her that she had ten days to file a

post-sentence motion and that her notice of appeal had to be filed within 30

days. As this Court has explained:

      Generally, an appellate court cannot extend the time for filing an
      appeal. Nonetheless, this general rule does not affect the power
      of the courts to grant relief in the case of fraud or breakdown in
      the processes of the court. Thus, before our Court may quash
      the instant appeal, we must determine whether an
      administrative breakdown in the court system excuses the
      untimely filing of the notice of appeal.

      The courts of this Commonwealth have held that a court
      breakdown occurred in instances where the trial court, at the
      time of sentencing, either failed to advise Appellant of h[er]
      post-sentence and appellate rights or misadvised h[er].

Commonwealth v. Patterson, 940 A.2d 493, 498 (Pa. Super. 2007),

appeal denied, 960 A.2d 838 (Pa. 2008).

      In this case, the trial court failed to notify Appellant, at the time of

sentencing, of her post-sentence and appellate rights. See generally N.T.,

10/7/13. This was a breakdown in the judicial process. Accordingly, we are

constrained to conclude that, despite the untimely filing of Appellant’s notice

of appeal, we have jurisdiction to consider the merits of this appeal.

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      Having determined that we have jurisdiction over this appeal, we

proceed to consider the merits of the issues raised by Appellant. She first

contends that the evidence was insufficient to find her guilty of driving under

the influence. “Whether sufficient evidence exists to support the verdict is a

question of law; thus, our standard of review is de novo and our scope of

review is plenary.”       Commonwealth v. Patterson, 91 A.3d 55, 66 (Pa.

2014) (citation omitted). In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim,

we must determine “whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the

light most favorable to the [Commonwealth], there is sufficient evidence to

enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond a

reasonable doubt.”        Commonwealth v. Kearney, 92 A.3d 51, 64 (Pa.

Super. 2014) (citation omitted). “Additionally, the evidence at trial need not

preclude every possibility of innocence. . . . [T]he fact-finder is free to

believe all, part[,] or none of the evidence.” Commonwealth v. Trinidad,

90 A.3d 721, 728 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation omitted).

      In order to be found guilty of driving under the influence- incapable of

safe driving, “the Commonwealth [must] prove the following elements: the

accused was driving, operating, or in actual physical control of the

movement of a vehicle during the time when he or she was rendered

incapable   of   safely    doing   so   due   to   the   consumption   of   alcohol.”

Commonwealth v. Teems, 74 A.3d 142, 145 (Pa. Super. 2013) (internal

quotation marks and citation omitted).         There is no dispute that Appellant

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was operating her vehicle.     As to the second element, we have explained

that,

        to establish that one is incapable of safe driving the
        Commonwealth must prove that alcohol has substantially
        impaired the normal mental and physical faculties required to
        operate the vehicle safely; “substantial impairment” means a
        diminution or enfeeblement in the ability to exercise judgment,
        to deliberate or to react prudently to changing circumstances
        and conditions.

Commonwealth v. Kerry, 906 A.2d 1237, 1241 (Pa. Super. 2006) (internal

alteration, ellipsis, and citation omitted).

        When viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the

evidence was sufficient to sustain the Commonwealth’s burden of proof.

Appellant conceded that she had several shots prior to leaving work. N.T.,

7/31/13, at 57. Trooper Miller testified that there was a “strong presence of

alcohol coming from her person and her breath[.]” Id. at 20. Evidence that

there was a strong odor of alcohol emanating from Appellant may be used to

satisfy the Commonwealth’s burden of proof in a general impairment case.

Commonwealth v. Segida, 985 A.2d 871, 879 (Pa. 2009). Trooper Miller

likewise testified that Appellant was swaying. N.T., 7/31/13, at 20. Again,

this too is evidence that can be used to prove general impairment.        See

Schindler v. Commw., Dep't of Transp., Bureau of Driver Licensing,

976 A.2d 601, 604 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2009), appeal denied, 983 A.2d 1250 (Pa.

2009) (citation omitted).

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      Trooper Miller also testified that Appellant had bloodshot eyes. N.T.,

7/31/13, at 20.      This is also among the types of evidence that the

Commonwealth may introduce to satisfy its burden of proof in a general

impairment case. Segida, 985 A.2d at 879.          Trooper Miller testified that

Appellant’s “actions were slow[ and] lethargic.” N.T., 7/31/13, at 20. Such

evidence may be used to satisfy the Commonwealth’s burden of proof in a

general impairment case.      See Commonwealth v. DiPanfilo, 993 A.2d

1262, 1268 (Pa. Super. 2010), appeal denied, 40 A.3d 120 (Pa. 2012).

Lastly, the record shows that Appellant drove off the road and into a tree.

Thus, when taken as a whole, and viewed in the light most favorable to the

Commonwealth, there was sufficient evidence that Appellant was incapable

of safe driving due to her consumption of alcohol.

      Appellant raises several fact-based contentions in support of her

sufficiency claim.   Specifically, Appellant attributes her physical condition

following the accident to shock, points to contradictory evidence showing the

absence of slurred speech and the odor of alcohol, and claims that the

presence of a deer on the roadway caused the accident.                Appellant

essentially asks us to reweigh the evidence introduced at trial.     Since our

standard of review forbids this approach to appellate review, Appellant is not

entitled to relief on her sufficiency challenge.

      Next, Appellant contends that her sentence is illegal.     Both the trial

court and the Commonwealth concede that Appellant’s sentence is illegal.

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See Trial Court Opinion, 3/24/14, at 15-17; Commonwealth’s Brief at 21.

“A claim that the trial court imposed an illegal sentence . . . is a question of

law.” Commonwealth v. Orie, 88 A.3d 983, 1020 (Pa. Super. 2014),

appeal denied, 172 WAL 2014 (Pa. Sept. 17, 2014) (internal quotation

marks and citations omitted). Therefore, our standard of review is de novo

and our scope of review is plenary.

       In this case, Appellant was sentenced to 90 days to 60 months’

imprisonment for her second DUI with refusal to submit to chemical testing.

In Commonwealth v. Musau, 69 A.3d 754 (Pa. Super. 2013), this Court

held that the statutory maximum for a second DUI with refusal to submit to

chemical testing is six months’ imprisonment.4        Id. at 758.     Thus, we

concluded that the defendant’s sentence of 90 days to 60 months’

imprisonment was illegal.     Id.     As the circumstances in this case are

identical to those in Musau, we likewise conclude that Appellant’s sentence

is illegal.   We therefore vacate her judgment of sentence and remand for

resentencing.

       Rule to show cause discharged. Judgment of sentence affirmed in part

and vacated in part. Case remanded. Jurisdiction relinquished.

4
  On September 9, 2014, our Supreme Court heard oral argument in a case
to determine whether this Court’s decision in Musau was correct. See
Commonwealth v. Mendez, 32 EAP 2014.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 10/30/2014

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