Court Opinion

ID: 9391796
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-03 13:07:43.86785+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:13.276176
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Miller, 2023-Ohio-1466.]

STATE OF OHIO                      )                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                   )ss:               NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                   )

STATE OF OHIO                                         C.A. No.       30335

        Appellee

        v.                                            APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                      ENTERED IN THE
MARCELLARS S. MILLER, JR.                             COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                      COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
        Appellant                                     CASE No.   CR 21 03 1046

                                  DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: May 3, 2023

        FLAGG LANZINGER, Judge.

        {¶1}     Marcellars Sinua Miller, Jr. appeals his convictions and sentence from the Summit

County Court of Common Pleas. For the following reasons, this Court affirms.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}     This appeal involves the non-fatal shooting of two victims: A.W. and T.L. As a

result of the shooting, a grand jury indicted Mr. Miller on several counts. Relevant to this appeal,

a grand jury indicted Mr. Miller on two counts of felonious assault (one related to A.W. and one

related to T.L., both with accompanying firearm specifications), attempted murder (related to A.W.

and also with an accompanying firearm specification), and having a weapon while under a

disability. The matter proceeded to a multi-day jury trial wherein the following evidence was

adduced.

        {¶3}     One of the victims, T.L., is Mr. Miller’s sister. At the time of the underlying

incident, T.L. was close friends with A.W. According to A.W.’s testimony at trial, in the early
                                                   2

morning hours of March 21, 2021, she, T.L., and K.L. (T.L. and Mr. Miller’s mother) decided to

go to an after-hours house on Greenwood Avenue in Akron. A.W. explained that an after-hours

house is a house that people go to after the bars have closed where you can buy and drink alcohol.

Because everyone besides Mr. Miller had been drinking alcohol, Mr. Miller drove everyone to the

after-hours house in A.W.’s car. Upon arriving, A.W. and T.L. drank more alcohol, listened to

music, and danced in the basement until around 5:00 a.m. At some point, Mr. Miller and K.L. (his

mother) got into a verbal argument and a physical fight. A.W. and T.L. briefly broke up the fight,

but Mr. Miller and K.L. started fighting again. At that point, A.W. decided that she wanted to leave

and invited T.L. to leave with her.

       {¶4}    A.W. testified that when she and T.L. started to walk up the basement steps, Mr.

Miller called them “bitches” and threatened to shoot them. According to A.W., Mr. Miller had a

gun and said: “If you all leave me, I’m going to shoot y’all. I’m going to shoot that bitch up.” A.W.

testified that once they got outside, Mr. Miller said: “If you leave me I’m going to shoot you in

your head.” A.W. and T.L. then ran toward A.W.’s car. A.W. got into the driver’s seat and started

the car while T.L. got into the passenger’s seat. A.W. testified that before she put the car into drive,

she looked in her rear-view mirror and saw Mr. Miller standing behind her car holding a gun. A.W.

testified that she did not remember getting shot, but that T.L. started screaming and called 911.

A.W. then drove her car a short distance to her grandmother’s house on Courtland Avenue.

       {¶5}    The State played a recording of T.L.’s 911 call at trial. In it, T.L., who was crying

and screaming, informed the 911 dispatcher that her friend had been shot and that she thought she

(T.L.) had been grazed. The 911 dispatcher then asked T.L. who the shooter was, and T.L.

responded that it was her brother, Marcellars Miller. T.L. explained during the 911 call that the
                                                 3

shooting occurred while they were leaving a party. T.L. then gave the 911 dispatcher a physical

description of Mr. Miller.

       {¶6}    Officers located A.W. and T.L. in A.W.’s car on Courtland Avenue. The officers

observed that A.W.’s car was “riddled with bullet holes” and that A.W. had been shot. T.L. had

suffered grazing wounds. T.L. told the officers that Mr. Miller was the shooter and gave the officers

a description of Mr. Miller’s clothing. The State played the bodycam video from one of the officers

who responded to Courtland Avenue at trial. In it, T.L. is seen crying and telling the officers that

her brother, Marcellars Miller, got mad at an after-hours party and shot her and A.W.

       {¶7}    Officers located Mr. Miller a short distance away on a porch on Hardesty

Boulevard. K.L. (T.L. and Mr. Miller’s mother) was also on the porch. Officers located a gun

wedged between the railings on the porch, which K.L. claimed was her gun. Officers secured the

gun, arrested Mr. Miller, and transported him to the police station for questioning. During his

interview with a detective, Mr. Miller denied being with A.W. and T.L. at the time of the shooting.

Instead, Mr. Miller claimed that he had gone to a bar with his mother, and that he had just arrived

at the house on Hardesty Boulevard when the police arrived and arrested him.

       {¶8}    Officers discovered several shell casings in and around the driveway of the after-

hours house on Greenwood Avenue. A forensic scientist who specializes in firearms examined the

gun and testified that the shell casings located on Greenwood Avenue were consistent with having

been fired from the gun located on Hardesty Boulevard. A forensic scientist who specializes in

DNA testified that there was not enough DNA present on the shell casings to perform a DNA

comparison. That forensic scientist also testified, in simple terms, that there was too much DNA

on the gun to perform a DNA comparison. As a result, that expert could not testify within a

reasonable degree of scientific certainty whether Mr. Miller had handled the shell casings or the
                                                 4

gun. A forensic scientist who performed a gunshot residue (“GSR”) test, however, testified that

both of Mr. Miller’s hands tested positive for GSR.

        {¶9}   A.W. received treatment for a gunshot wound to her lung, and T.L. received

treatment for grazing wounds. According to the treating trauma surgeon, the doctors made the

decision not to remove the bullet from A.W.’s lung because the risks of removing it outweighed

the risks of not removing it. The trauma surgeon explained that they inserted a tube into A.W.’s

chest to drain the excess air and fluid, and that A.W. remained hospitalized for five days.

        {¶10} Officers interviewed T.L. and A.W. while they were at the hospital. The State

played the bodycam video of those interviews at trial without any objection from Mr. Miller’s trial

counsel. During the officers’ interview with T.L., T.L. explained that she, A.W., K.L., and Mr.

Miller went to an after-hours house together. T.L. explained that Mr. Miller became aggressive

and started pushing them around, so A.W. decided she wanted to leave. T.L. stated that Mr. Miller

threatened that he would shoot her and A.W. if they left, and that Mr. Miller started shooting at

them when they got into A.W.’s car. T.L. stated that she saw Mr. Miller with the gun, and that

there was no one else outside at the time of the shooting.

        {¶11} During the officers’ interview with A.W., A.W. explained that Mr. Miller drove

them to the after-hours house, and that Mr. Miller threatened to shoot her and T.L. if they left.

A.W. stated that she thought Mr. Miller might have been upset because T.L. was talking to a man

at the after-hours house. A.W. explained that she decided to leave after Mr. Miller threatened to

shoot her, and that Mr. Miller followed her and T.L. outside. A.W. stated that she and T.L. got into

the car, and that she looked back and saw Mr. Miller standing behind her car pointing a gun at

them. A.W. explained that everything happened very quickly, and that the rest of the night was a

blur.
                                                 5

       {¶12} After the close of the State’s case-in-chief, Mr. Miller’s trial counsel moved for

acquittal under Crim.R. 29, which the trial court denied. Mr. Miller did not present any evidence

on his own behalf. The jury ultimately found Mr. Miller guilty of two counts of felonious assault

and the two accompanying firearm specifications, having a weapon while under a disability, and

attempted murder with the accompanying firearm specification.

       {¶13} At sentencing, the trial court concluded that one of the felonious-assault counts

merged with the attempted-murder count because those counts involved the same victim: A.W.

The State elected to proceed with sentencing on the attempted-murder count. The trial court then

sentenced Mr. Miller to an indefinite prison term of five to seven and one-half years for the

remaining felonious-assault count, an indefinite prison term of six to nine years for the aggravated-

murder count, and a prison term of two years for the weapon-while-under-a-disability count, all of

which the trial court ran concurrently. The trial court also sentenced Mr. Miller to two consecutive

three-year prison terms for the remaining firearm specifications, for a total prison term of a

minimum of 12 years and a maximum of 15 years. Mr. Miller now appeals his convictions and

sentence, raising five assignments of error for this Court’s review.

                                                 II.

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       IT IS PLAIN ERROR FOR THE COURT TO ALLOW TO BE PLAYED TO THE
       JURY, AND TO ADMIT INTO EVIDENCE, THE TESTIMONIAL VIDEO
       STATEMENT OF VICTIM TL WHO WAS INTERVIEWED BY THE POLICE
       IN THE HOSPITAL AS IT WAS A DENIAL OF CONFRONTATION FOR
       MARCELLARS MILLER, JR. AND THUS A VIOLATION OF HIS
       CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TO CONFRONT HIS WITNESSES AGAINST
       HIM.

       {¶14} In his first assignment of error, Mr. Miller argues that the trial court committed

plain error by admitting the six-minute bodycam video of T.L.’s hospital interview into evidence
                                                 6

when T.L. did not testify at trial. Mr. Miller argues that the statements T.L. made in the video were

inadmissible hearsay that were testimonial in nature, and that they corroborated A.W.’s version of

the events. Mr. Miller argues that the admission of the video violated his rights under the

Confrontation Clause.

       {¶15} Crim.R. 52(B) permits this Court to notice plain errors or defects that affected a

substantial right in the absence of an objection in the trial court. Under Crim.R. 52(B), “the

defendant bears the burden of demonstrating that a plain error affected his substantial rights.”

(Emphasis in original.) State v. Perry, 101 Ohio St.3d 118, 2004-Ohio-297, ¶ 14; see also State v.

LaRosa, 165 Ohio St.3d 346, 2021-Ohio-4060, ¶ 40. This Court can only notice plain error when

there has been a deviation from a legal rule that constitutes an obvious defect in the trial

proceedings that affected the outcome of the trial. State v. Barnes, 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 27 (2002).

This Court notices plain error only in exceptional circumstances to prevent a manifest miscarriage

of justice. State v. Long, 53 Ohio St.2d 91 (1978), paragraph three of the syllabus.

       {¶16} The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees an accused the

right to confront witnesses against him. Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 54 (2004). The

Confrontation Clause is implicated by the admission of out-of-court statements that are testimonial

in nature when the declarant does not testify in the proceeding. See Melendez–Diaz v.

Massachusetts, 557 U.S. 305, 309-310 (2009). Only testimonial statements make a declarant a

“witness” for purposes of the Confrontation Clause, and “[i]t is the testimonial character of the

statement that separates it from other hearsay that, while subject to traditional limitations upon

hearsay evidence, is not subject to the Confrontation Clause.” Davis v. Washington, 547 U.S. 813,

821 (2006).
                                                 7

       {¶17} Initially, this Court notes that Mr. Miller has not identified any specific statements

that T.L. made in the bodycam video in support of his assignment of error. Instead, he generally

asserts that T.L.’s statements were “much more detailed and expansive to the statements made of

AW[,]” and that they corroborated A.W.’s version of the events. Additionally, instead of

identifying any specific statements from T.L., Mr. Miller cites the interviewing officer’s testimony

at trial wherein the officer testified that T.L. told him that Mr. Miller “got mad with people inside

[the after-hours house]. He started pushing us around, like he always does. So just being aggressive

with her and her mom.” Mr. Miller acknowledges that the record reflects that the State only played

a portion of the video, and that the record does not make clear which portion the State played. He

argues, however, that since it is unclear which portion the State played, the trial court should not

have admitted the entire bodycam video into evidence.

       {¶18} Having reviewed the record, this Court concludes that Mr. Miller has failed to

establish that the trial court committed plain error. This Court’s review of the bodycam video from

T.L.’s hospital interview indicates that T.L. identified Mr. Miller as the shooter and explained that

they had been to a party that evening. T.L. explained that Mr. Miller became upset at the party and

started pushing people around, which–according to T.L.–Mr. Miller had done in the past. T.L. also

explained that A.W. decided to leave the party, and that Mr. Miller threatened to shoot her and

A.W. T.L. further explained that she got into the car with A.W., that Mr. Miller was behind the

car, and that Mr. Miller started shooting at them.

       {¶19} Even assuming that a Confrontation-Clause violation occurred, any error in the

admission of the bodycam video from T.L.’s hospital interview was harmless because “‘the

probable impact’ of the statements ‘on the minds of an average jury’ was negligible.” State v.

McKelton, 148 Ohio St.3d 261, 2016-Ohio-5735, ¶ 192, quoting Harrington v. California, 395
                                                  8

U.S. 250, 254 (1969). Other evidence presented at trial (including T.L.’s 911 call and an officer’s

bodycam video from Courtland Avenue containing T.L.’s statements to the officers almost

immediately after the shooting) also indicated that T.L. identified Mr. Miller as the shooter. The

statements T.L. made during the hospital interview were cumulative of that evidence. See State v.

Hale, 119 Ohio St.3d 118, 2008-Ohio-3426, ¶ 130 (recognizing that the admission of evidence

that is “merely cumulative” of other evidence, the admissibility of which was not challenged, does

not amount to plain error). Additionally, A.W. identified Mr. Miller as the shooter and testified

that he became aggressive at the after-hours house. See id.

       {¶20} While T.L. did mention during the hospital interview that Mr. Miller pushed her

and A.W. around at the after-hours house and that Mr. Miller had done so in the past, Mr. Miller

has not established that, but for the admission of those statements, the result of the trial would have

been different, and that reversal is necessary to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice. In re

Z.S., 9th Dist. Summit No. 29887, 2021-Ohio-2022, ¶ 8, quoting In re S.G., 9th Dist. Summit No.

27428, 2015-Ohio-2503, ¶ 11 (“In the criminal context, plain error does not exist unless it can be

said that but for the error, the outcome of the trial would have been different and that reversal is

necessary to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice.”). Accordingly, Mr. Miller has failed to

establish plain error. Mr. Miller’s first assignment of error is overruled.

                                   ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

       THE STATE FAILED TO PROVE BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT THAT
       APPELLANT MILLER WAS THE SHOOTER OF A GUN AND OR
       KNOWINGLY CAUSED OR ATTEMPTED TO CAUSE PHYSICAL HARM
       AND OR THAT HE USED A GUN AS ALLEGED IN THE GUN
       SPECIFICATIONS AND THUS THERE IS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE FOR
       THE JURY VERDICTS AND THE COURT ERRED IN DENYING THE
       DEFENDANT’S RULE 29 MOTION.
                                                   9

        {¶21} In his second assignment of error, Mr. Miller argues that the State failed to present

sufficient evidence to support his convictions because the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable

doubt that he was the shooter, that he knowingly caused or attempted to cause physical harm to

the victims, or that he used a gun on the night of the incident. This Court notes that Mr. Miller’s

second assignment of error challenges, in part, the weight of the evidence presented at trial. Mr.

Miller’s captioned assignment of error, however, is limited to the sufficiency of the evidence. This

Court will limit its review accordingly. State v. Williams, 9th Dist. Summit No. 29547, 2021-Ohio-

2491, ¶ 15 (declining to address arguments that fall outside the scope the appellant’s captioned

assignment of error).

        {¶22} “Whether a conviction is supported by sufficient evidence is a question of law that

this Court reviews de novo.” State v. Williams, 9th Dist. Summit No. 24731, 2009-Ohio-6955, ¶

18, citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997). The relevant inquiry is whether the

prosecution has met its burden of production by presenting sufficient evidence to sustain a

conviction. Thompkins at 390 (Cook, J., concurring). For purposes of a sufficiency analysis, this

Court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State. Jackson v. Virginia, 443

U.S. 307, 319 (1979). We do not evaluate credibility, and we make all reasonable inferences in

favor of the State. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 273 (1991). The evidence is sufficient if it

allows the trier of fact to reasonably conclude that the essential elements of the crime were proven

beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. The trier of fact is entitled to rely on direct, as well as circumstantial

evidence. See id.

        {¶23} Relevant to the arguments raised in this assignment of error, the jury found Mr.

Miller guilty of felonious assault under R.C. 2903.11(A)(2) and attempted murder under R.C.

2923.02 (attempt) and R.C. 2903.02(B) (murder). Regarding felonious assault, R.C. 2903.11(A)(2)
                                                 10

provides that “[n]o person shall knowingly * * * [c]ause serious physical harm to another[.]”

Regarding attempt, R.C. 2923.02(A) provides that “[n]o person, purposely or knowingly, and

when purpose or knowledge is sufficient culpability for the commission of an offense, shall engage

in conduct that, if successful, would constitute or result in the offense.” Regarding murder, R.C.

2903.02(B) provides that “[n]o person shall cause the death of another as a proximate result of the

offender’s committing or attempting to commit an offense of violence * * *.”

       {¶24} As noted, Mr. Miller argues that the State failed to present sufficient evidence to

establish that he was the shooter, that he knowingly caused or attempted to cause physical harm to

the victims, or that he used a gun on the night of the incident. He argues, in part, that without the

admission of T.L.’s hospital interview into evidence, the testimony of A.W. alone was insufficient

to sustain his convictions. In evaluating the sufficiency of the evidence, however, this Court

considers all of the evidence that the State presented, regardless of any alleged error in its

admission. State v. Meinke, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 15CA010738, 2017-Ohio-7787, ¶ 10, quoting

State v. Vanni, 182 Ohio App.3d 505, 2009-Ohio-2295, ¶ 15 (9th Dist.) (“Because the State cannot

retry a defendant following a reversal on the sufficiency of the evidence, ‘the interest in the

administration of justice dictates that the appellate court review the issue of sufficiency in

consideration of all evidence presented by the [S]tate in its case in chief, whether such evidence

was properly admitted or not.’”). Moreover, as the Ohio Supreme Court has recognized, the

testimony of one witness, if believed, is sufficient to prove a fact. State v. Dean, 146 Ohio St.3d

106, 2015-Ohio-4347, ¶ 177.

       {¶25} Regarding the State’s evidence establishing that Mr. Miller used a gun and shot at

A.W. and T.L., the State presented: (1) testimony from A.W., who testified that she saw Mr. Miller

with a gun, that Mr. Miller shot her, and that she sustained a bullet wound to her lung; (2) T.L.’s
                                                 11

911 call wherein T.L. identified Mr. Miller as the shooter; (3) bodycam video from the officers

who responded to Courtland Avenue (i.e., where T.L. and A.W. were still in A.W.’s car almost

immediately after the shooting) wherein T.L. identified Mr. Miller as the shooter; (4) evidence

indicating that A.W. received treatment for a bullet wound to her lung and that T.L. received

treatment for grazing wounds; (5) the results of the GSR test indicating that Mr. Miller had GSR

on both of his hands; and (6) testimony from a forensic scientist indicating that the shell casings

discovered at the scene of the shooting were consistent with having been fired from the gun located

on the porch of the house on Hardesty Avenue (i.e., where the police found and arrested Mr.

Miller). Viewing this evidence in a light most favorable to the State, this evidence allowed the jury

to reasonably conclude that Mr. Miller used a gun on the night of the incident and that he shot at

A.W. and T.L. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d at 273.

       {¶26} Regarding Mr. Miller’s argument that the State failed to present sufficient evidence

to prove that he knowingly caused or attempted to cause physical harm to the victims, a person

acts “knowingly, regardless of purpose, when the person is aware that the person’s conduct will

probably cause a certain result or will probably be of a certain nature. A person has knowledge of

circumstances when the person is aware that such circumstances probably exist.” R.C. 2901.22(B).

       {¶27} Here, the State presented evidence indicating that Mr. Miller fired several shots at

A.W.’s car, striking A.W. and grazing T.L. As this Court has acknowledged, “[e]vidence that a

defendant fired a gun in a person’s direction is sufficient evidence that the defendant acted

knowingly for the purpose of a felonious assault conviction.” (Alteration sic.) State v. Ivery, 9th

Dist. Summit No. 28551, 2020-Ohio-3349, ¶ 13, quoting State v. Fox, 10th Dist. Franklin No.

17AP-295, 2018-Ohio-501, ¶ 14. That evidence is also sufficient for a jury to infer that the

defendant intended to cause death. See Ivery at ¶ 15; State v. Guice, 9th Dist. Lorain No.
                                                 12

16CA011054, 2017-Ohio-9295, ¶ 31 (holding that the defendant’s conviction for attempted

murder was supported by sufficient evidence because the evidence indicated that the defendant

fired several shots in the direction of a police cruiser, knowing that there was an officer behind the

wheel); In re F.D., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102135, 2015-Ohio-2405, ¶ 25 (“Ohio courts have

consistently held that shooting a gun in a place where there is a risk of injury to one or more

persons supports the inference that the offender acted knowingly.”). Mr. Miller’s argument,

therefore, lacks merit.

       {¶28} In light of the foregoing, Mr. Miller’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

       THE COURT ERRED IN ORDERING CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES ON THE
       GUN SPECIFICATION WHEN IT ORDERED CONCURRENT TIME ON THE
       UNDERLYING FELONIES.

       {¶29} In his third assignment of error, Mr. Miller argues that the trial court erred by

imposing consecutive sentences on the firearm specifications when the trial court imposed

concurrent sentences on the underlying offenses. This Court disagrees.

       {¶30} In reviewing a felony sentence, “[t]he * * * standard for review is not whether the

sentencing court abused its discretion.” R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). “[A]n appellate court may vacate or

modify a felony sentence on appeal only if it determines by clear and convincing evidence” that:

(1) “the record does not support the trial court’s findings under relevant statutes[,]” or (2) “the

sentence is otherwise contrary to law.” State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, ¶

1. Clear and convincing evidence is that “which will produce in the mind of the trier of facts a firm

belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469

(1954), paragraph three of the syllabus.
                                                 13

       {¶31} As this Court has explained, “[i]n the instance of multiple firearm specifications, a

defendant generally will be subject to only one three-year sentence ‘for felonies committed as part

of the same act or transaction.’” State v. Ross, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 21CA011729, 2023-Ohio-1185,

¶ 63, quoting State v. Rouse, 9th Dist. Summit No. 28301, 2018-Ohio-3266, ¶ 10. “The general

rule does not apply, however, when R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g) controls.” Id. R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g)

provides:

       If an offender is convicted of * * * two or more felonies, if one or more of those
       felonies are * * * attempted murder [or] * * * felonious assault * * *, and if the
       offender is convicted of * * * a [firearm] specification * * * in connection with two
       or more of the felonies, the sentencing court shall impose on the offender the prison
       term specified under division (B)(1)(a) of this section for each of the two most
       serious specifications of which the offender is convicted * * * and, in its discretion,
       also may impose on the offender the prison term specified under that division for
       any or all of the remaining specifications.

“Thus, under R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g), a trial court is required to order consecutive service of a

defendant’s specifications.” Ross at ¶ 63, quoting Rouse at ¶ 10.

       {¶32} Here, the jury found Mr. Miller guilty of a firearm specification in connection with

his conviction of attempted murder. The jury also jury found Mr. Miller guilty of a firearm

specification in connection with his conviction of felonious assault. Under R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g),

the trial court properly imposed a three-year prison term on each specification, and properly

ordered those three-year terms to run consecutively. Ross at ¶ 64. The fact that the trial court

imposed concurrent sentences on the convictions for attempted murder and felonious assault does

not affect that conclusion. See State v. Bollar, Slip Opinion No. 2022-Ohio-4370, ¶ 13, 25 (holding

that R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g) allows a trial court to impose sentences for multiple firearm

specifications for felonies that were committed as part of the same act or transaction when the

underlying offenses have been merged). Mr. Miller’s third assignment of error is overruled.
                                                 14

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV

         THE VERDICT AND CONVICTION IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT
         OF THE EVIDENCE AS THE JURY CLEARLY LOST ITS WAY AND THUS
         CREATED A MANIFEST MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE.

         {¶33} In his fourth assignment of error, Mr. Miller challenges the manifest weight of the

evidence. When considering whether a conviction is against the manifest weight of the evidence,

this Court must:

         review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider
         the credibility of witnesses and determine whether, in resolving conflicts in the
         evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest
         miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.

State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340 (9th Dist.1986). A reversal on this basis is reserved for

the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction. Id., citing State

v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175 (1st Dist.1983).

         {¶34} Initially, this Court notes that aside from providing the standard of review for the

manifest weight of the evidence, Mr. Miller has not supported his assignment of error with citations

to legal authority, nor has he provided any citations to the record. See App.R. 16(A)(7). Instead,

he summarily asserts that without the admission of the bodycam video of T.L.’s hospital interview,

the jury would not have found him guilty. Mr. Miller also summarily asserts that A.W.’s testimony

and the physical evidence do not support his convictions. Regarding the latter, Mr. Miller asserts

that without DNA evidence or fingerprints on the gun, there can be no proof beyond a reasonable

doubt.

         {¶35} Having reviewed the record, this Court concludes that Mr. Miller’s challenge to the

manifest weight of the evidence lacks merit. As summarized in this Court’s recitation of the

evidence presented at trial, A.W. testified that Mr. Miller threatened to shoot her and T.L. A.W.

also testified that she saw Mr. Miller standing behind her car with a gun immediately prior to the
                                                 15

shooting. Additionally, the State played T.L.’s 911 call for the jury. In it, T.L., who was screaming

and crying, identified Mr. Miller as the shooter. The State also played the bodycam video of an

officer who responded to Courtland Avenue wherein T.L., almost immediately after the shooting,

identified Mr. Miller as the shooter. The State also presented evidence indicating that A.W.’s car

was shot several times, and that the shell casings located at the scene were consistent with having

been fired from the gun found on the porch of the house where officers located and arrested Mr.

Miller. The State also presented the results of the GSR test, which indicated that Mr. Miller tested

positive for GSR.

       {¶36} Here, the jury chose to believe the State’s version of the events, which is not a basis

for reversal. State v. Bersch, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 20AP0018, 2021-Ohio-3957, ¶ 16. Having

reviewed the record, this Court concludes that this is not the exceptional case in which the evidence

weighs heavily against Mr. Miller’s convictions. Id. Mr. Miller’s fourth assignment of error is

overruled.

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR V

       MARCELLARS MILLER WAS DENIED THE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF
       COUNSEL AS GUARANTEED BY THE SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH
       AMENDMENTS TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I, SECTION
       10, OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.

       {¶37} In his fifth assignment of error, Mr. Miller argues that his trial counsel rendered

ineffective assistance. This Court disagrees.

       {¶38} “[I]n Ohio, a properly licensed attorney is presumed competent.” State v. Gondor,

112 Ohio St.3d 377, 2006-Ohio-6679, ¶ 62. To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of

counsel, Mr. Miller must establish: (1) that his counsel’s performance was deficient to the extent

that “counsel was not functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth

Amendment[;]” and (2) that “the deficient performance prejudiced the defense.” Strickland v.
                                                16

Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). A deficient performance is one that falls below an objective

standard of reasonable representation. State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136 (1989), paragraph two

of the syllabus. To establish prejudice, Mr. Miller must show that there existed a reasonable

probability that, but for his counsel’s errors, the outcome of the proceeding would have been

different. State v. Sowell, 148 Ohio St.3d 554, 2016-Ohio-8025, ¶ 138. As the Ohio Supreme Court

has acknowledged, “[a] defendant’s failure to satisfy one prong of the Strickland test negates a

court’s need to consider the other.” State v. Madrigal, 87 Ohio St.3d 378, 389 (2000), citing

Strickland at 697.

       {¶39} In support of his assignment of error, Mr. Miller first asserts that his trial counsel

rendered ineffective assistance by not objecting to the admission of T.L.’s hospital interview. This

Court, however, has already determined in our resolution of Mr. Miller’s first assignment of error

that any error in that regard did not affect the outcome of the trial. Mr. Miller, therefore, cannot

establish prejudice.

       {¶40} Next, Mr. Miller asserts that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by

failing to support his Rule 29 motion for acquittal with specific arguments. Mr. Miller, however,

has not explained what argument(s) his trial counsel should have made. “[T]his Court will not

‘guess at undeveloped claims on appeal’ or construct arguments to support an assignment of error.”

State v. Meyerson, 9th Dist. Summit No. 30260, 2023-Ohio-708, ¶ 43, quoting State v. Beverly,

9th Dist. Summit No. 28627, 2019-Ohio-957, ¶ 6. This Court, therefore, rejects Mr. Miller’s

argument in this regard.

       {¶41} Lastly, Mr. Miller asserts that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by

failing to “scrutinize the gun specification statute so as to make argument for consecutive

mandatory gun spec terms[.]” This Court, however, has already determined in our resolution of
                                                 17

Mr. Miller’s third assignment of error that the trial court did not err when it imposed consecutive

sentences for the firearm specifications. As a result, Mr. Miller’s argument in this regard lacks

merit.

         {¶42} In light of the foregoing, Mr. Miller’s fifth assignment of error is overruled.

                                                 III.

         {¶43} Mr. Miller’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Summit

County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                                Judgment affirmed.

         There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

         We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

         Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period

for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to

mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the

docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

         Costs taxed to Appellant.

                                                        JILL FLAGG LANZINGER
                                                        FOR THE COURT
                                        18

SUTTON, P. J.
STEVENSON, J.
CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

RICHARD P. KUTUCHIEF, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and JACQUENETTE S. CORGAN, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.