Court Opinion

ID: 4436349
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-09-06 17:08:48.595267+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:19:19.233431
License: Public Domain

J-S42019-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 IN THE INTEREST OF: J.D.L.E., A      :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                                :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: C.A.E., MOTHER            :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :   No. 805 EDA 2019

           Appeal from the Decree Entered, February 13, 2019,
          in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
            Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000098-2018.

 IN THE INTEREST OF: U.N.C.E., A      :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                                :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: C.A.E., MOTHER            :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :   No. 808 EDA 2019

           Appeal from the Decree Entered, February 13, 2019,
          in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
            Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000099-2018.

 IN THE INTEREST OF: N.L.W., A        :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                                :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: C.A.E., MOTHER            :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :   No. 811 EDA 2019

           Appeal from the Decree Entered, February 13, 2019,
          in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
            Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000100-2018.
J-S42019-19

BEFORE:      OTT, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.:                     FILED SEPTEMBER 06, 2019

        In this consolidated matter, C.A.E. (Mother) appeals the decrees

granting the petitions filed by the Philadelphia Department of Human Services

(DHS) that involuntarily terminated her parental rights to her three children

(14-year-old J.D.L.E.; 12-year-old N.L.W.; and 4-year-old U.N.C.E.) pursuant

to the Adoption Act. See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8) and (b).

After review, we affirm.

        We glean the relevant factual and procedural history from the trial court

opinion filed pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a):

           On April 11, 2016, DHS received a General Protective
           Services (GPS) report alleging that J.D.L.E. was diagnosed
           as suffering from Oppositional Deficient Disorder (ODD) and
           Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and that
           Mother refused J.D.L.E.’s school to administer medication.
           The GPS report also alleged that J.D.L.E. was highly
           disruptive in school.    On April 12, 2016, DHS visited
           Mother’s home and found the children unattended. DHS
           immediately telephoned Mother who returned to the home
           visibly intoxicated. During the visit, Mother inexplicably
           instructed the children to leave the house and locked the
           children outside. In response, DHS called the police to drive
           the children to foster care. The same day, DHS obtain an
           Order of Protective Custody (OPC) for the children. On May
           2, 2016, all children were adjudicated dependent.

           On July 28, 2017, Turning Points for Children (TPFC), the
           Community Umbrella Agency (CUA) held a revised Single
           Case Plan (SCP) meeting. The objectives identified for
           Mother were (1) to sign all necessary consent forms; (2) to
           participate  in     individual    therapy    and     follow
           recommendations; (3) to participate in intensive case

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

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          management as recommended; (4) to take medication as
          prescribed; (5) to comply with court ordered visitation; to
          attend drug and alcohol treatment; (6) to attend all medical,
          dental and optical appointments; (7) to maintain safe and
          appropriate housing with adequate space and operable
          utilities; and (8) to create a financial plan.

          The underlying petition to terminate Mother’s parental rights
          to the children was filed on February 5, 2018 after Mother
          failed to meet her SCP objectives. Specifically, Mother failed
          to receive substance abuse treatment or mental health
          treatment and failed to provide adequate housing. On
          February 13, 2019, after a hearing[1, 2], the trial court ruled
          to terminate Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23
          Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and (8) and found that
          termination of the Mother’s parental rights was in the best
          interests of the children pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b).

See Trial     Court    Opinion,    5/30/19,      at   2-4   (citations   to   the   record

omitted)(footnotes added).

       On March 12, 2019, Mother filed the initial notice of appeal pro se,

notwithstanding the fact that she was still represented by trial counsel.

Thereafter, on May 3, 2019, the trial court granted the trial counsel’s motion

to withdraw and appointed new representation. We directed Mother’s new

counsel to file an amended statement pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Mother

and her new counsel complied. Mother presents the following issues for our

review:

              1. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its
                 discretion by terminating the parental rights of Mother
____________________________________________

1The children’s interests were properly represented pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A.
2313(a).

2The termination hearing occurred over the course of two dates: August 14,
2018 and February 13, 2019.

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                 pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1) where Mother
                 presented evidence that she tried to perform her
                 parental duties?

              2. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its
                 discretion by terminating the parental rights of Mother
                 pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2) where Mother
                 presented evidence that she had substantially
                 completed her Family Service Plan goals and has the
                 present capacity to care for the children?

              3. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its
                 discretion by terminating the parental rights of Mother
                 pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(5) where
                 evidence was presented to show that Mother is now
                 capable of caring for her children after she
                 substantially completed her family service plan goals?

              4. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its
                 discretion by terminating the parental rights of Mother
                 pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(8) where
                 evidence was presented to show that Mother is now
                 capable of caring for her children after she
                 substantially completed her family service plan goals?

              5. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its
                 discretion by terminating the parental rights of Mother
                 pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511 (b) where evidence
                 was presented that established the children had a
                 close bond with their Mother and had lived with their
                 Mother for most of their lives. Additionally, when
                 permitted Mother consistently visited with her
                 children?

Mother’s Brief at 7.3

____________________________________________

3 We observe that Mother’s statement of the questions involved do not match
verbatim those issues raised in her amended concise statement of matters
complained of on appeal. However, Mother preserves these issues because
they are fairly suggested by the questions listed in the amended concise
statement. See Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a) (“No question will be considered unless it
is stated in the statement of questions involved or is fairly suggested

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       We review these claims mindful of our well-settled standard or review:

          The standard of review in termination of parental rights
          cases requires appellate courts to accept the findings of fact
          and credibility determinations of the trial court if they are
          supported by the record.       If the factual findings are
          supported, appellate courts review to determine if the trial
          court made an error of law or abused its discretion. A
          decision may be reversed for an abuse of discretion only
          upon demonstration of manifest unreasonableness,
          partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will.  The trial court’s
          decision, however, should not be reversed merely because
          the record would support a different result. We have
          previously emphasized our deference to trial courts that
          often have first-hand observations of the parties spanning
          multiple hearings.

In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa. 2013) (citations and quotations marks

omitted).

       Termination of parental rights is governed by Section 2511 of the

Adoption Act, 23 §§ 2101-2938, which requires a bifurcated analysis.

          Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party
          seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing
          evidence that the parent's conduct satisfies the statutory
          grounds for termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only
          if the court determines that the parent's conduct warrants
          termination of his or her parental rights does the court
          engage in the second part of the analysis pursuant to
          Section 2511(b): determination of the needs and welfare of
          the child under the standard of best interests of the child.
          One major aspect of the needs and welfare analysis
          concerns the nature and status of the emotional bond

____________________________________________

thereby.”); see also In re G.D., 61 A.3d 1031, 1036 n.3 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(concluding “any issue not raised in a statement of matters complained of on
appeal is deemed waived.”). Naturally, we do not address those issues in her
amended concise statement that Mother has decided to forfeit.

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          between parent and child, with close attention paid to the
          effect on the child of permanently severing any such bond.

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).

      We have defined clear and convincing evidence as that which is so

“clear, direct, weighty and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to

a clear conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.”

In re C.S., 761 A.2d 1197, 1201 (Pa. Super. 2000) (en banc) (citation and

quotation marks omitted).

      In this case, the court terminated Mother’s parental rights pursuant to

Section 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). We need only agree with the court

as to any one subsection of 2511(a), as well as Section (b), in order to affirm.

In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc).

      Instantly, we analyze the trial court's decision to terminate under

Section 2511(a)(2) and (b).

       (a) General rule.—The rights of a parent in regard to a child may
      be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
      grounds:

      …

      (2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or
      refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without essential
      parental care, control or subsistence necessary for his physical or
      mental well-being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity,
      abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the
      parent.

      …

      (b) Other considerations.—The court in terminating the rights
      of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental,
      physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights
      of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of

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     environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings,
     income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the
     control of the parent.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(2), (b).

     Regarding Section 2511(a)(2), we have explained:

        In order to terminate parental rights pursuant to 23
        Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2), the following three elements must
        be met: (1) repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,
        neglect or refusal; (2) such incapacity, abuse, neglect or
        refusal has caused the child to be without essential parental
        care, control or subsistence necessary for his physical or
        mental well-being; and (3) the causes of the incapacity,
        abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will not be remedied.

        The grounds for termination due to parental incapacity that
        cannot be remedied are not limited to affirmative
        misconduct. To the contrary, those grounds may include
        acts of refusal as well as incapacity to perform parental
        duties.

In re Adoption of C.D.R., 111 A.3d 1212, 1216 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citations,

internal quotation marks, and indentation omitted).

     Mother essentially concedes she was previously incapable of parenting,

but she maintains that no evidence of present incapacity existed at the time

of the termination hearing. On appeal, she seeks to re-litigate the factual

findings by contending that she complied with her Family Support Plan goals.

See Mother’s Brief at 16. Her contention is not supported by the record.

     As the trial court observed in its opinion, the social worker testifying on

behalf of the Community Umbrella Agency stated that Mother has failed to

achieve her goals. Mother lives in a house, but it is evidently owned by her

adult son who is a registered sex offender. The fact that Mother outwardly

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denies this does not assuage the safety concerns felt by both DHS and the

trial court.   Moreover, Mother lost her overnight visits because there were

unknown persons coming in and out of the home. DHS also had concerns that

Father still resided with Mother, as indicated in his criminal court paperwork.

Father had a history of domestic violence against Mother and had sexually

assault one of Mother’s older, non-subject children.

      The court also believed the social worker’s testimony that Mother has

refused to take the medication prescribed to her by psychiatric evaluators.

She has denied she has any mental health issues. Mother’s cognitive ability

raises still other concerns. The parenting capacity evaluator found Mother’s

insight was limited and her judgment was variable. Mother has difficulty with

any non-concrete thinking.     To the extent that Mother has demonstrated

meager parenting ability, it must be attributed in large part to the intensive

in-home services she receives to aid Mother’s daily activities. At the time of

the termination, Mother acknowledged that she had just begun to learn to

accomplish tasks on her own.

      Not only had Mother demonstrated an inability to care for the children,

she also destabilized the children’s placements.       The children had to be

removed from foster homes, because Mother encouraged the children not to

listen to the foster parents’ rules. Mother refused to acknowledge the severity

of the children’s mental health issues.

      Regarding the first prong of the termination analysis, the trial court

concluded that DHS provided clear and convincing evidence demonstrating

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Mother’s incapacity to parent, that incapacity has caused the children to go

without necessary parental care, and that Mother cannot remedy the causes

of this incapacity. This conclusion under Section 2511(a)(2) was not an abuse

of discretion.

      Next, we consider whether termination was proper under Section

2511(b). With regard to Section 2511(b), our Supreme Court has stated as

follows:

           [I]f the grounds for termination under subsection (a) are
           met, a court “shall give primary consideration to the
           developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare
           of the child.” 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(b). The emotional needs
           and welfare of the child have been properly interpreted to
           include [i]ntangibles such as love, comfort, security, and
           stability.... [T]his Court held that the determination of the
           child's “needs and welfare” requires consideration of the
           emotional bonds between the parent and child. The “utmost
           attention” should be paid to discerning the effect on the child
           of permanently severing the parental bond.

In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d at 267 (internal case citations omitted).

      While a parent's emotional bond with his or her child is a major aspect

of the subsection 2511(b) best-interest analysis, it is nonetheless only one of

many factors to be considered by the trial court when determining what is in

the best interest of the child. In re A.D., 93 A.3d 888, 897 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(citing In re K.K.R.–S., 958 A.2d 529, 535–536 (Pa. Super. 2008). The mere

existence of an emotional bond does not preclude the termination of parental

rights. Id., 93 A.3d at 897-898; see also In re T.D., 949 A.2d 910 (Pa.

Super. 2008) (trial court's decision to terminate parents' parental rights was

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affirmed where court balanced strong emotional bond against parents' inability

to serve needs of child). Rather, the trial court must examine the status of the

bond to determine whether its termination “would destroy an existing,

necessary and beneficial relationship.” Id. at 898 (citation omitted).

      Instantly, Mother contends that the children all have a bond with her.

See Mother’s Brief at 18. She points to the fact that all of the children have

lived with her at some point and that none are in a current placement. Id.

      While Mother testified that the children want to live with her, other

testimony, which the court found to be credible, directly contradicted Mother’s

averment. The visitation coach testified that the two older children (J.D.L.E.

and N.L.W.) told Mother they did not want to return home. Mother’ claimed

that other people put those thoughts in the children’s heads. U.N.C.E., the

youngest child, had originally been more conflicted about the visits, evidencing

a desire to be with Mother during her visits.     However, U.N.C.E.’s counsel

articulated that she wishes to be adopted. To that end, the court found that

U.N.C.E.’s closest attachment is to her siblings, and that she would suffer

irreparable harm if separated from them. When U.N.C.E. was separated from

the older siblings, her behavior “went completely downhill.” See N.T.,

8/14/18, at 79. The trial court concluded that Mother did not have a bond

with the children worth preserving.

      Beyond the presence of the bond, the trial court can equally emphasize

the safety needs of the child, and should also consider the intangible, such as

the love, comfort, security, and stability the child might have with the foster

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parent. See In re Adoption of C.D.R., 111 A.3d at 1219.           Contrary to

Mother’s assertion, all of the children are placed with a pre-adoptive foster

parent.4    While Mother denied that the children had any issues, the foster

parent was the one providing vital security and stability for these children.

The foster parent has helped the children with their homework, she takes

them to doctors’ appointments, and she is able to offer the children emotional

guidance and curb their problematic behaviors. Although we do not conduct

a termination analysis by weighing the biological parent against the foster

parent, we cannot ignore the trial court’s finding that Mother has been a

destabilizing force in the children’s lives while the foster parent has righted

the ship.

       Regarding the second prong of the termination analysis, the trial court

concluded that DHS provided clear and convincing evidence that termination

would best serve the children’s needs and welfare.     We conclude that this

determination was not an abuse of discretion.

       Decrees affirmed.

____________________________________________

4 N.L.W. was hospitalized during the termination hearing, and the other two
children were placed in respite care while an investigation was conducted. The
investigation concluded and the court returned the children to the care of the
pre-adoptive foster parent.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 9/6/19

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