Court Opinion

ID: 4663233
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-02-26 15:06:27.31242+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:27.324718
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: FEBRUARY 19, 2021; 10:00 A.M.
                          NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                   Commonwealth of Kentucky
                               Court of Appeals

                                  NO. 2019-CA-1562-MR

JUDITH A. THOMPSON,
EXECUTRIX OF THE ESTATE OF
TIMOTHY THOMPSON, DECEASED                                                      APPELLANT

                  APPEAL FROM WOODFORD CIRCUIT COURT
v.                  HONORABLE BRIAN K. PRIVETT, JUDGE
                          ACTION NO. 18-CI-00237

MICHAEL LAWSON                                                                     APPELLEE

                                         OPINION
                                        AFFIRMING

                                        ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: COMBS, DIXON, AND TAYLOR, JUDGES.

COMBS, JUDGE: Timothy Thompson1 appeals the summary judgment of the

Woodford Circuit Court entered in this breach-of-contract action on September 25,

2019. After our review, we affirm.

1
  On September 20, 2020, during the pendency of this appeal, Timothy Thompson passed away.
By our own motion, we placed the appeal in abeyance pending appointment of an administrator,
revival of this action, and a motion to substitute parties. Judith A. Thompson has since been duly
               Timothy Thompson purchased from Michael Lawson a fifty percent

(50%) stake in an enterprise known as Helmsley Subdivision, Inc. (“Helmsley”).

Helmsley was formed by Lawson and Thompson in 1994 with each originally

owning fifty (50) shares of the corporation.

               Helmsley purchased and developed real property. It acquired a tract

of farmland in Woodford County and developed an up-scale neighborhood referred

to as “Helmsley I.” In 2005, Helmsley acquired for development an adjoining

parcel of real property -- nearly 25 acres in Woodford County. The property was

referred to as “Helmsley II” and as “The Shire.” As reflected in a recorded plat,

The Shire was divided into twenty (20) numbered lots. A development plan

anticipated that a four-unit, multi-family structure would be built on each lot.

Helmsley was granted a zoning change to allow construction of eighty (80)

condominiums.

               In 2006, Lawson decided to sell his interest in Helmsley. Thompson

wanted to purchase Lawson’s shares and to continue development of The Shire.

They reached an agreement for the sale and purchase of Lawson’s shares. They

executed a written agreement for the transfer of shares on August 25, 2006.

appointed as Executrix of the Estate and has complied with all requirements for revival of this
action. Therefore, we have removed this matter from abeyance and have placed it back on our
active docket.

                                               -2-
             The agreement provides that the “total purchase price payable by

Thompson to Lawson for Lawson’s shares shall be one million dollars

($1,000,000.00), and in consideration therefor Lawson” would transfer his shares.

The purchase price was to be paid in three installments. First, pursuant to Section

1(A)(i), Thompson was obligated to pay Lawson five hundred thousand dollars

($500,000.00) upon the transfer of the shares.

             Next, under the provisions of Section 1(B)(i), Thompson was

obligated to make a second installment payment of two hundred fifty thousand

dollars ($250,000.00) upon the off-conveyance by Helmsley of two “parcels of real

property” from The Shire that “shall each accommodate a four (4) unit residential

structure.” Alternatively, under the provisions of Section 1(B)(ii), the second

installment payment would come due on April 15, 2007, but only if the loan-to-

value ratio on the loan to Helmsley from United Bank & Trust Corporation was

less than or equal to eighty percent (80%) following an advance made to fund this

installment payment.

             Finally, pursuant to Section 1(C)(i), Thompson was obligated to pay

the remaining installment of two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000.00)

upon “the out-conveyance of the third and fourth parcels as described in sub-

paragraph B, above[.]” Again, alternatively, the final installment payment would

come due if the loan-to-value ratio on the loan to Helmsley from United Bank &

                                         -3-
Trust was less than or equal to eighty percent (80%) following an advance made to

fund this payment. Interest at five percent (5%) per annum was to accrue from the

date of the transfer of shares until paid.

             When the agreement was signed, Helmsley’s principal assets were

The Shire and the right to develop it. Lawson waived any lien rights in the

property, and the parties agreed that he would have no responsibility for any

existing or future debt of Helmsley.

             Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Lawson transferred his shares

in Helmsley to Thompson, and Thompson made the initial payment of five

hundred thousand dollars ($500,000.00) to Lawson. Thompson made the next

payment of the two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000.00) to Lawson in

January 2008, leaving one payment to be made.

             The year 2008 marked the onset of the global financial crisis, and The

Shire began to fail. Ultimately, Helmsley built only eight condominiums; seven

were sold. Helmsley defaulted on its loans, and United Bank & Trust initiated

foreclosure proceedings. On behalf of Helmsley, Thompson was able to reach a

settlement agreement with the bank. On February 9, 2011, all the remaining real

property comprising The Shire was conveyed to EGT Properties, Inc., for one

million thirty thousand dollars ($1,030,000.00). Thompson did not make the final

installment payment of two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000.00) to

                                             -4-
Lawson. Nor did he pay the accrued interest required by the terms of the

agreement.

              On September 4, 2018, Lawson filed a lawsuit for breach of contract

against Thompson in Woodford Circuit Court. Thompson answered and admitted

the existence of the agreement. He averred that the parties’ agreement “speaks for

itself.” However, he denied that the agreement had been breached. A period of

discovery began.

              On December 19, 2018, Lawson was deposed. Thompson served his

verified written discovery responses on January 28, 2019; he was deposed on

March 25, 2019. Two days later, on March 27, 2019, Thompson filed a motion for

pre-trial conference. Lawson agreed to participate, but he noted his intention to

file a motion for summary judgment once he received a transcript of Thompson’s

deposition.

              On June 20, 2019, Lawson filed a motion for summary judgment,

contending that in light of the undisputed facts, Thompson breached the terms of

the agreement by failing to pay Lawson for his interest in Helmsley. Lawson

argued that he was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. In response, Thompson

argued that the motion was premature because “non-party discovery” had not yet

occurred and that a judgment in favor of Lawson was unsupported by the record.

In an order entered on September 25, 2009, the Woodford Circuit Court concluded

                                         -5-
that there was no genuine dispute concerning the material facts of the transaction.

It analogized the provisions of the agreement to a payment schedule for the

purchase price of the shares. It concluded that Thompson breached the parties’

agreement by failing to make the final installment payment and consequently that

Lawson was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. This appeal followed.

                Appellant argues that the circuit court erred by granting summary

judgment in favor of Lawson, contending that the plain language of the contract

does not require payment of the final installment of two hundred fifty thousand

dollars ($250,000.00) where the “third and fourth parcels did not each

accommodate a four (4) unit residential structure.” Because no four-unit

residential structures were ever built on these two lots in The Shire, he contends

that the final payment provision of the parties’ agreement was never triggered and

thus that Thompson was not obligated to make the payment. Lawson contends that

he was entitled to the entirety of the agreed purchase price and that the final

installment came due following the conveyance of Helmsley’s interest in The Shire

to EGT Properties. He argues that Thompson has attempted to fabricate an

ambiguity in the contract where none exists.

                Summary judgment is proper where there exists no material issue of

fact, and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. CR2 56; Steelvest,

2
    Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.

                                           -6-
Inc. v. Scansteel Service Center, Inc., 807 S.W.2d 476 (Ky. 1991). “[T]he

construction and interpretation of a contract, including questions regarding

ambiguity, are questions of law to be decided by the court.” Frear v. P.T.A.

Industries, Inc., 103 S.W.3d 99, 105 (Ky. 2003) (citing First Commonwealth Bank

of Prestonsburg v. West, 55 S.W.3d 829, 835 (Ky. App. 2000)). The court’s

conclusions are subject to de novo review. West, 55 S.W.3d at 835-36. A contract

provision is ambiguous where the provision is susceptible of multiple or

inconsistent interpretations. Transport Ins. Co. v. Ford, 886 S.W.2d 901 (Ky. App.

1994). However, courts must not remake contracts for parties by creating

ambiguity where none exists. O.P. Link Handle Co. v. Wright, 429 S.W.2d 842

(Ky. 1968). Instead, parties are bound by the clear meaning of the language used.

See Larkins v. Miller, 239 S.W.3d 112, 115 (Ky. App. 2007) (stating that “a court

should interpret the terms of the contract according to their plain and ordinary

meaning[]”).

         The parties’ agreement provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

         1. The total purchase price payable by Thompson to
            Lawson for Lawson’s shares shall be one million dollars
            ($1,000,000.00), and in consideration therefor Lawson
            shall transfer to Thompson his fifty (50) shares in the
            Corporation. The purchase price shall be payable as
            follows:

         A. Thompson shall pay to Lawson five hundred thousand
            dollars ($500,000.00) commensurate with the execution
            and delivery by Lawson to Thompson of a share

                                         -7-
         certificate evidencing the transfer of Lawson’s shares to
         Thompson . . . .

       B. Thompson shall pay to Lawson two hundred fifty
          thousand dollars ($250,000.00) as follows:

i.)      Immediately after the out-conveyance by [Helmsley] of
         two (2) parcels of real property from [The Shire], which
         two (2) parcels shall each accommodate a four (4) unit
         residential structure; or

ii.)     On April 15, 2007, but only if, and to the extent, that the
         Loan to Value Ratio, as determined by the United Bank
         & Trust Company, Versailles, Kentucky on its loan to
         [Helmsley] secured by the 24.409 acres comprising [The
         Shire] after an advance is made on such loan to fund this
         payment, is less than or equal to eighty percent (80%).

         Interest shall be payable on this two hundred fifty
         thousand dollars ($250,000.00) from the date of the
         transfer of shares until paid at five percent (5%) per
         annum.

         C. Thompson shall pay to Lawson two hundred fifty
         thousand dollars ($250,000.00) as follows:

i.)      Immediately after the out-conveyance of the third and
         fourth parcels as described in sub-paragraph B, above; or

ii.)     The payment referred to in sub-paragraph B, above, has
         been made, but only if, and to the extent, that the Loan to
         Value Ratio, as determined by the United Bank & Trust
         Company, Versailles, Kentucky on its loans to
         [Helmsley] secured by the 24.409 acres comprising [The
         Shire] after an advance is made on such loan to fund this
         payment, is less than or equal to eighty percent (80%).

         Interest shall be payable on this two hundred fifty
         thousand dollars ($250,000.00) from the date of the

                                     -8-
             transfer of shares until paid at five percent (5%) per
             annum.

             The provisions of the parties’ agreement are clear. Under the terms of

the agreement, the “total purchase price” for Lawson’s shares was one million

dollars ($1,000,000.00). The agreement provided that the purchase price would be

paid in installments. The final installment of two hundred fifty thousand dollars

($250,000.00) was due upon the “out-conveyances” of an additional two “parcels

of real property” that “accommodate” residential structures or upon satisfaction of

certain loan-to-value ratios. Nothing in the language of the parties’ agreement

indicates that payment was conditioned on the development of the lots, the sale of

condominiums, or the conveyance of the lots for a profit. Instead, the payment of

the final two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000.00) was triggered by the

mere conveyance of an additional two lots in The Shire. The lots were conveyed

by deed to EGT Properties on February 9, 2011. In construing the language of the

agreement according to its ordinary meaning and without resort to extrinsic

evidence, the circuit court did not err by concluding that the terms of the parties’

agreement were unambiguous.

             Appellant also contends that summary judgment was prematurely

entered because key depositions had yet to be taken and that there was no adequate

opportunity to take the testimony of: attorneys who drafted the parties’ agreement;

the master commissioner through whom Helmsley’s property at The Shire was

                                          -9-
conveyed; and bank representatives responsible for the financing of the

development.

             Again, an unambiguous contract must be enforced according to its

“ordinary meaning without resort to extrinsic evidence.” Frear, 103 S.W.3d at

106. The “parol evidence rule prevents a party from introducing testimony or

other extrinsic evidence to vary or alter the terms of a written agreement.” Caudill

v. Acton, 175 S.W.3d 617, 620 (Ky. App. 2004) (footnote omitted). Because the

court may not modify the express terms of a contract, it is limited to a

consideration of the four corners of the agreement. Individuals with tangential

relationships to the contract did not need to be deposed in order for the trial court

to enforce the contract according to its plain language. Appellant acknowledges as

much in its brief. Because further discovery in this case was unnecessary, the

circuit court did not err by granting summary judgment upon Lawson’s motion.

             We AFFIRM the summary judgment of the Woodford Circuit Court.

             ALL CONCUR.

                                         -10-
BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:     BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

Escum L. Moore, III      Patrick F. Estill
Lexington, Kentucky      Lexington, Kentucky

Robert L. Elliott
Georgetown, Kentucky

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