Court Opinion

ID: 4410039
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-06-25 19:06:18.726561+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:23:47.492001
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

                               NO. 2018-WC-00930-COA

ANGELA JONES                                                               APPELLANT

v.

MISSISSIPPI BAPTIST HEALTH SYSTEMS                                         APPELLEES
INC. AND MISSISSIPPI BAPTIST HEALTH
SERVICES

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                         06/06/2018
TRIBUNAL FROM WHICH                       MISSISSIPPI WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
APPEALED:                                 COMMISSION
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                   GILSON DAVIS PETERSON
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:                  ANDREW D. SWEAT
                                          JENNIFER HUGHES SCOTT
NATURE OF THE CASE:                       CIVIL - WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
DISPOSITION:                              REVERSED AND REMANDED - 06/25/ 2019
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

       EN BANC.

       McCARTY, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    This case is before the Court on appeal from an order the Mississippi Workers’

Compensation Commission entered. Angela Jones alleges she was injured when her back

“pop[ped]” while pushing a medicine cart during her nursing shift at Baptist Hospital. In an

evidentiary hearing, the Administrative Judge (AJ) found that Jones sustained a compensable

work-related injury. Mississippi Baptist Health Systems petitioned the Mississippi Workers’

Compensation Commission for review. The Commission reversed the AJ’s order and

determined that Jones did not sustain a compensable work-related injury. Aggrieved, Jones

now appeals the Commission’s decision.
                                          FACTS

¶2.    Jones worked as registered nurse for Baptist Hospital for fourteen years. Jones

testified that on March 21, 2015, she was pushing a medicine cart during her shift when she

felt a “pop” in her right lower back. She then felt a burning sensation going down her right

thigh. Jones asked the only witness to the event, her charge nurse, Theresa Blanton, if she

too heard the “pop.” Blanton said she did not. However, Blanton did testify that Jones’s

behavior changed and that she was visibly in pain and limping afterward.

¶3.    Two days later Jones sought treatment from her family physician, Dr. Larry Sivils.

On the patient information sheet at Dr. Sivils’ office, Jones circled “no” when asked whether

the visit was related to an injury. When the information sheet asked about the date and cause

of the injury, Jones marked through the corresponding blanks with two lines and added a

question mark. On his notes for this visit, Dr. Sivils documented that Jones “denie[d] direct

injury.”

¶4.    That same day, Jones emailed the nurse manager, Jamie Hill, informing him of her

condition. In the email she wrote she “started having trouble on Tuesday last week with [her]

leg, but Friday night it was hurting a lot.” She also informed Hill that her leg problem began

after her back started hurting and a “pop” in her lower back the week before.

¶5.    Jones then sought treatment from Dr. Eric Amundson. On the patient history form

Jones circled “no” and added a question mark in response to whether she sustained an injury

and to whether the problem was due to an on-the-job injury. She also added a question mark

on the section asking how she was injured. In his notes for that visit, Dr. Amundson

                                              2
documented “nine days ago patient reports developing right buttock and hip pain with

radiation into her lateral thigh and anterior thigh . . . her pain progressed significantly six

days ago . . . she denies any precipitating event.” Dr. Amundson then referred Jones for an

MRI.

¶6.      Jones then saw Dr. Edwin Dodd. On her patient forms Jones wrote “at work, not an

accident,” “pain just began, I can’t relate it to anything,” and “progressive for years.” She

noted on the form that her pain was “progressive after several shifts in a row, overtime was

at work.” Jones responded in the negative to whether her pain or injury was a workers’

compensation case. Dr. Dodd’s notes indicate that Jones described “an approximate five-to-

six year history of low back pain, which has been intermittently problematic . . . . [S]he began

experiencing some new onset of moderate low back pain and right lower extremity radiation

approximately two weeks ago without any obvious precipitating event.”

¶7.      Jones consulted with Dr. James Woodall for a second opinion regarding her

symptoms. On her patient history form Jones again marked “no” when asked whether her

condition was a work injury. Dr. Woodall’s notes indicate Jones told him that her pain was

ongoing but had worsened over the last two months.

¶8.      Five months after the injury Baptist Hospital approved Jones’s request for FMLA

leave.    Two months after approving the FMLA Jones emailed a Baptist Hospital

representative indicating that her injuries were related to pushing the medicine cart during

her nursing shift. Baptist then initiated the process for investigating a worker’s compensation

claim.

                                               3
¶9.    In a letter to Baptist Hospital, Dr. Woodall wrote that he did not see “anything on her

imaging that I could definitively say appeared acute, and it would be difficult for [him] to

relate that.”

¶10.   Dr. Woodall testified that Jones’s June 3, 2016 visit was the first time she had

provided him with a history of pain starting with a “pop” in her back that day at work. He

further testified that he could not “with reasonable probability” say that the condition for

which he treated Jones resulted from the injury she suffered that day.

¶11.   An evidentiary hearing was held before an administrative judge to determine whether

Jones sustained a compensable, work-related injury. The AJ found Jones to be credible and

that a preponderance of the evidence supported a finding that she sustained a compensable,

work-related injury. Baptist Hospital appealed this decision with the Mississippi Workers’

Compensation Commission. The Commission found that Jones did not present sufficient

medical evidence to support her claim and entered an order reversing the AJ.

                                STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶12.   This Court is authorized to review all questions of law and fact from an appeal of the

Mississippi Workers’ Compensation Commission. Miss. Code Ann. § 71-3-51 (Supp. 2011).

Great deference is afforded to the findings of the Commission, and such findings will not be

disturbed when they are supported by substantial evidence. City of Jackson v. Sandifer, 125

So. 3d 681, 686 (¶19) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013). However, where the Commission’s application

of the law is in error, this Court will not hesitate to reverse. Beverly Healthcare v. Hare, 51

So. 3d 223, 229 (¶18) (Miss. Ct. App. 2010). When the Commission “fails to carry out the

                                              4
beneficent intent and purpose of the Workers’ Compensation Act,” such an error in law has

occurred. Id.

                                        ANALYSIS

¶13.   To establish a claim under workers’ compensation law, a claimant must prove by a

preponderance of the evidence that (1) there was an accidental injury, (2) arising out of and

in the course of employment, and (3) there is a causal connection between the injury and the

claimed disability. City of Jackson, 125 So. 3d at 688 (¶27).

¶14.   The issue in this appeal is whether the Commission correctly applied the law when

it disregarded Jones’s testimony in determining that she did not sustain a compensable and

work-related injury during her nursing shift at Baptist Hospital.

¶15.   “The Workers’ Compensation Act is to be construed liberally in favor of claimants.”

Union Camp Corp. v. Hall, 955 So. 2d 363, 371 (¶36) (Miss. Ct. App. 2006). Doubtful cases

should be resolved in favor of compensation. Id. “Based on the ‘broad policy considerations

undergirding the Workers’ Compensation Act and the liberal construction to be given the

compensation statutes,’ the injured worker should prevail when the evidence is ‘even.’” Id.

¶16.   A claimant’s testimony generally ought to be accepted as true unless that testimony

is disputed or so unreasonable as to be unbelievable. Waffle House v. Allam, 976 So. 2d 919,

921 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2007). Our Supreme Court has held that evidence not affirmatively

contradicted and not “inherently improbable, incredible, or unreasonable” cannot be

arbitrarily and capriciously discarded. Morris v. Landsell’s Frame Co., 547 So. 2d 782, 785

(¶5) (Miss. 1989). Further, unless shown to be untrustworthy, the uncontradicted evidence

                                             5
is to be taken as conclusive and binding. Id. This holds true even for testimony of an

interested party. Id.

¶17.   On the date in question Jones was pushing a medicine cart during her nursing shift at

Baptist hospital. While pushing the cart, she felt a “pop” in her right lower back. She then

felt a burning sensation going down her right thigh. This was corroborated by the only

witness to the event, Blanton. At the moment of injury, Jones even turned to Blanton and

asked if she heard her back “pop.” Blanton replied that she had not heard the “pop.” Blanton

later testified that she saw Jones that day limping as if she was hurt. Therefore the

uncontested evidence was that Jones suffered an injury while performing her duties as a

nurse. The injury was further supported by Blanton’s presence and subsequent corroboration.

Furthermore, this is similar to other injuries sustained in the nursing field.1

¶18.   In an analogous case, this Court reversed the Commission’s decision to deny a nurse’s

claim for failure to present substantial and credible evidence. Beverly Healthcare v. Hare,

51 So. 3d 223, 230 (¶24) (Miss. Ct. App. 2010). In Beverly a nurse was pushing a medicine

cart while distributing medication during her shift at a nursing home. Beverly Healthcare,

at 266 (¶9). At one point she turned toward the cart and heard a “pop like a shotgun.” Id.

Her leg had broken. Id.

¶19.   The Commission heavily relied on the testimony of the employer and employer’s

witnesses in its findings. Despite witnesses testifying that they saw the nurse in pain at work

       1
         See also Compere’s Nursing Home v. Hamlehdary, 841 So. 2d 154, 155 (¶4) (Miss.
Ct. App. 2002) (nurse’s back was injured as a result of “jerry chair” breaking while lifting
patient).

                                               6
and the nurse’s own testimony, the Commission found in favor of the employer. This Court

held that the Commission erred in denying the nurse’s claim and that their decision “was not

supported by substantial evidence, and the applicable law was not applied.” Id. at 230 (¶24).

¶20.     As in our case, the nurse reported to work that day without an injury. Id. The injury

occurred while performing her assigned duties. The only matter to be analyzed was whether

there was a causal nexus between the injury and the job. A worker has sustained an

accidental, on-the-job injury if, “when looking through the eyes of the worker, there is harm

to the worker from work-connected activity that either: (a) was from an unexpected event;

or (b) was an unexpected result.” Id. at 231 (¶28). Just as in our case, the nurse’s injury was

an unexpected result of dispensing medications to her patients. This Court therefore found

that the nurse met her burden of proving compensability by substantial evidence. Id. at 232

(¶30).

¶21.     Jones further testified that she had never injured her low back prior to this injury. She

had only previously experienced back pain in relation to her endometriosis. The only other

occasion she felt back pain was when working long shifts. Based on our precedent and

standard of review, this is sufficient to establish a work-related injury.

¶22.     In contrast, the Commission ignored Jones’s and Blanton’s testimony, citing a failure

to present “sufficient medical evidence.” The Commission noted that Jones’s physicians lack

a documented report of an “injury, direct trauma or a specific precipitating event.” The

Commission also pointed to a recorded history of low back pain in Jones’s medical records.

Jones’s doctors related her back and leg problems to her obesity. Finally, the Commission

                                                 7
factored in Dr. Woodall’s testimony that he could not “with reasonable probability say that

[Jones’s] condition is the result of a work related injury.”

¶23.   The Commission took notes of Jones’s failure to report a specific injury to her

healthcare providers. Jones visited Dr. Sivils two days after her injury. His records do not

mention Jones reporting a “pop” or any other specific incident. Three days later, Jones saw

Dr. Amundson. There she completed an intake form where she circled “no” and wrote a

question mark when asked if her problems were due to an on-the-job injury.

¶24.   This Court is not convinced that Jones understood the meaning of “injury” in which

the forms intended. Additionally, Jones’s question marks could indicate confusion or

uncertainty as to whether her pain was legally classified as an “injury.” The evidence is

undisputed that she suffered an injury for which she sought treatment, and that the injury

arose while she was performing her work duties. Per doctors’ orders, Jones stopped working

after the incident at work. She was even approved to take FMLA leave due to her inability

to continue performing her nursing duties. The fact that Jones did not identify her pain as

an “injury” does not contradict her testimony that she was injured -- and certainly not the

charge nurse’s testimony that she was visibly limping that night.

¶25.   The Commission based its decision in part on Drs. Amundson’s, Dodd’s, and

Woodall’s opinions relating Jones’s back and leg problems in part to her obesity. Even if

true, this does not entirely negate a causal connection between Jones’s symptoms and her

alleged work injury. A pre-existing disease or condition does not prevent an injury from

“arising out of employment” if the work-related injury aggravated, accelerated, or combined

                                              8
with a disease to produce a disability for purpose of workers’ compensation. Frito-Lay Inc

v. Leatherwood, 908 So. 2d 175. 178 (¶19) (Miss. Ct. App. 2005). If Jones’s employment

contributed to her condition, the injury is compensable. Union Camp Corp. v. Hall, 955 So.

2d 263, 269 (¶29) (Miss. Ct. App. 2006).

¶26.   The Commission factored Jones’s history of low back pain into its decision. Dr. Dodd

and Dr. Woodall both noted a history of low back pain for the previous five to six years in

Jones’s record. Jones told Dr. Dodd that her symptoms developed over time and indicated

her symptoms had progressed over five to six years. During her May 8, 2015 visit with Dr.

Woodall, Jones reported back pain for quite some time with an increase over the past two

months.

¶27.   As noted above, a pre-existing condition does not preclude an injury from arising out

of employment. Further, Dr. Woodall’s history indicates Jones’s pain increased in the two

months proceeding the visit. This suggests an increase in pain in March which aligns with

the time frame of Jones’s allegations.

¶28.   In Dr. Woodall’s deposition he opined that he could not, with reasonable probability,

say that Jones’s conditions was the result of a work injury. However, he did not examine

Jones until May 8, 2015, some two months after the alleged injury. During his deposition Dr.

Woodall testified that it would have been difficult for him to adduce an acute injury when

he did not see Jones in the acute time period following the alleged injury. He also admitted

in his deposition and his office notes that Jones’s pain was exacerbated by her activities as

a nurse.

                                             9
                                      CONCLUSION

¶29.   Because the evidence presented does not contradict Jones’s testimony concerning the

mechanism of injury, we find that the Commission erred by disregarding Jones’s evidence.

This Court hereby reverses and remands.

¶30.   REVERSED AND REMANDED.

     GREENLEE, McDONALD AND LAWRENCE, JJ., CONCUR.
WESTBROOKS AND TINDELL, JJ., CONCUR IN RESULT ONLY WITHOUT
SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. J. WILSON, P.J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE
WRITTEN OPINION, JOINED BY BARNES, C.J., AND CARLTON, P.J.
C. WILSON, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.

       J. WILSON, P.J., DISSENTING:

¶31.   There is substantial evidence to support the Commission’s finding that Jones did not

sustain a compensable work-related injury. Therefore, the Commission’s decision must be

affirmed. I respectfully dissent.

       I.     Additional Relevant Facts

¶32.   Jones alleges that she suffered a compensable work-related injury on March 21, 2015,

when she felt a “pop” in her right lower back while pushing a medical cart. However, Jones

did not report a possible work-related injury until October 28, 2015, and substantial evidence

from multiple sources supports the Commission’s decision that she did not suffer a

compensable injury on March 21, 2015.

¶33.   Jones testified that around 5 a.m. on Saturday, March 21, 2015, she felt a “pop” in her

“right, lower back area” while she was pushing a medical cart at work. Jones testified that

“a burning” “went down [her] thigh” “to [her] knee,” “[a]nd it was actually some pain in the

                                             10
knee area where there was a difference between the hot and the cold, you know, that leg was

hurting.” The charge nurse, Teresa Blanton, was nearby, and Jones asked if Blanton if she

had heard the “pop.” Blanton said that she had not. Blanton asked Jones if she needed

medical attention, but Jones declined. Blanton also asked Jones if she needed help with her

patients, but Jones again declined and continued working her shift.

¶34.   Jones did not report the incident in “Risk Man,” Baptist’s risk management system.

Jones had been trained on how and when to use Risk Man, and she acknowledged that

Baptist’s policies required her to report an on-the-job injury in Risk Man. However, she

testified that she did not record the incident because she “did not realize that it was an injury

or something to put into the Risk Man system.”

¶35.   Jones finished her shift, which ended at 7 a.m., and then went home. Jones did not

seek medical attention on March 21 or March 22.

¶36.   On Monday, March 23, 2015, Jones emailed her supervisor, Jamie Hill, stating:

       I started having trouble on Tuesday last week with my leg, but Friday night it
       was hurting a lot. It has continued to hurt badly thru the weekend and I have
       a MD appt this morning. It is . . . sharp and very painful going from my hip
       on right leg down with a sharp pain to my knee. This . . . leg problem is post
       my back hurting and a “pop” in my lower back last week.

Thus, Jones indicated to her supervisor that she began having leg pain four days before her

alleged work-related injury.

¶37.   Later the same day, Jones saw Dr. Larry Sivils. Dr. Sivils noted that Jones reported

pain in her right leg from her hip to her knee. However, she reported no lower back pain.

She also “denie[d] any direct injury.” On her patient information form, in response to the

                                               11
question, “Is visit related to an injury?,” Jones circled “No.” Jones wrote in question marks

on lines for information about the date of the injury and nature of the injury (i.e., “Auto,”

“Work,” or “Other”), but she then struck through the question marks, leaving those lines

blank. Dr. Sivils released Jones to return to work on March 25, 2015, on “Regular Duty”

with no restrictions.

¶38.   Later on March 23, 2015, Jones emailed Hill to state that she could not work the

following night. She said, “Hopefully it is just a sciatic nerve inflammation . . . .” She also

stated that she intended to return to work by Friday.

¶39.   On Thursday, March 26, 2015, Hill saw Dr. Eric Amundson. Her “chief complaint”

was “lower right extremity pain.” Dr. Amundson noted, “Nine days ago, the patient reports

developing right buttock and hip pain with radiation into her lateral thigh and anterior

thigh. . . . Her pain progressed significantly six days ago.” In other words, consistent with

Jones’s earlier email to Hill, Jones told Dr. Amundson that her pain began on Tuesday

(March 17) and progressed on Friday—prior to the alleged work-related injury on Saturday

morning. Dr. Amundson further noted that Jones “denie[d] any precipitating event.”

¶40.   Dr. Amundson scheduled Jones for an MRI on March 27 “to evaluate for any L3 or

L4 compressive nerve root pathology that may explain her symptoms.” Dr. Amundson also

stated that “[h]igh on the differential diagnosis is also meralgia paresthetica which is

frequently seen in obese patients due to [femoral cutaneous nerve] compression.” Dr.

Amundson recommended “an aggressive weight loss regimen including decreased caloric

intake.”

                                              12
¶41.   On the patient history form that she completed for Dr. Amundson, Jones circled “No”

in response to the question whether she had “sustain[ed] an injury,” although she did write

a question mark to the side. Jones’s patient information form asked her to provide a date of

injury and additional information if her treatment related to “workers’ comp or injured on the

job.” However, Jones left that section blank.

¶42.   Jones saw Dr. Amundson again following her MRI, and he referred her to Dr. Edwin

Dodd for treatment for pain. Jones saw Dr. Dodd on April 7, 2015. Dr. Dodd noted that the

MRI showed a herniated disc at the L1-L2 level and other mild herniations. Dr. Dodd’s

report stated that Jones “describe[d] an approximately five-to-six-year history of lower back

pain.” Dr. Dodd further stated that Jones “began experiencing some new onset of moderate

low back and right lower extremity radiation approximately two weeks ago without any

obvious precipitating event.”

¶43.   Jones completed a “pain evaluation” form at Dr. Dodd’s office. In response to the

question, “Under what circumstances did the pain begin?” Jones checked two options: “At

work, not an accident” and “Pain just began, I can’t relate it to anything.” She did not check

“Accident at Work.” Jones further wrote that her pain had been “[p]rogressive after several

shifts in a row, over time, was at work.” However, when asked for an “approximate date that

[she] first experienced the pain for which [she was] seeking help,” she wrote, “?” and

“Progressive for years.”

¶44.   Later on April 7, 2015, Jones emailed Hill2 to inform him that Dr. Dodd wanted her

       2
           Jones had also emailed Hill with updates on March 31 and April 3.

                                             13
to remain off work again the next day, but Dr. Dodd had “assure[d]” her that she could return

to work on Friday, April 10, 2015. Hill responded that Jones “need[ed] to contact [human

resources] concerning FMLA” (i.e., leave under the federal Family and Medical Leave Act).

Hill stated that he was “suppose[d] to instruct employees to call HR regarding FMLA” if they

were out ill for at least three days. Jones subsequently contacted HR and determined that

FMLA leave was unnecessary at that time.

¶45.   Jones continued to work for Baptist in April and May, although she took off some

time for medical treatment. However, her pain did not resolve, so she sought a “second

opinion” from Dr. Woodall, an orthopedic surgeon with whom she had worked at Baptist.

Jones first saw Dr. Woodall on May 8, 2015. Jones claims that she told Dr. Woodall that her

pain stemmed from an injury at work. However, Dr. Woodall’s May 8, 2015 office notes

make no mention of such a report. Moreover, Dr. Woodall testified in his deposition that he

did not recall Jones ever claiming to have been injured at work. Dr. Woodall’s subsequent

notes from June 18, August 7, September 23, and November 9 also make no mention of a

work injury. Dr. Woodall testified that if Jones had told him that her pain was related to

some specific event or injury, such as she alleges in this case, he would have recorded that

information in his notes.

¶46.   Jones continued to work at Baptist in June, July, and August 2015, although she also

continued to miss some days of work. Jones also continued to send emails to Hill and

Brandy Bowlin in Baptist’s HR department to update them on her condition. None of these

emails suggested that Jones’s physical problems were in any way attributable to a work-

                                             14
related injury. By August, Jones had exhausted her available accrued leave and went on

twelve weeks of FMLA leave. Jones’s FMLA leave was schedule to run out on November

9, 2015. During September and October, Jones exchanged several emails with Bowlin to

inquire whether it would be possible for her to return to work on “light duty” after her FMLA

leave ended.

¶47.   On October 21, 2015, Jones sent an email to Bowlin in which she stated, for the first

time, that “[w]hen this”—i.e., her injury—“occurred, [she] was at work at Baptist.” Bowlin

and Hill both testified that this was the first they had heard of any claim that Jones had

sustained a work-related injury. Bowlin responded, “I was not aware until this email today

that this even could be an on the job injury or may even qualify for workers’ comp.” Bowlin

directed Jones to another Baptist employee, Denise Hux, for questions about workers’

compensation, and Jones began inquiring about making such a claim. Jones later obtained

counsel and filed a petition to controvert.

¶48.   On November 17, 2015, a nurse case manager for Baptist’s workers’ comp carrier sent

Dr. Woodall an inquiry regarding Jones’s condition and prognosis. In response, Dr. Woodall

opined that Jones’s then-current diagnosis was not “causally related to her alleged work

incident” in March 2015. Dr. Woodall wrote that there was “no specific acute pathology to

support” that claim. He wrote that Jones’s pain “multifactorial with disc disease, obesity,

[and] deconditioning all contributing to her pain.”

¶49.   Dr. Woodall later testified by deposition that Jones’s March 27, 2015 MRI disclosed

no evidence of an “acute event” that would support Jones’s claim of a work-related injury.

                                              15
In his deposition testimony, Dr. Woodall confirmed that he believed that Jones’s pain was

more likely caused by degenerative disc disease and other factors rather than any work-

related event. Jones did not offer any testimony to contradict Dr. Woodall’s conclusions.

       II.    Analysis

¶50.   Our standard of review in workers’ compensation cases is limited. “Our task is not

to second guess the factual conclusions of the Commission . . . .” Levy v. Miss. Uniforms,

909 So. 2d 1260, 1265 (¶16) (Miss. Ct. App. 2005). “This Court’s review is limited to

determining whether the Commission’s decision was supported by substantial evidence, was

arbitrary and capricious, was beyond the scope or power of the agency to make, or violated

. . . constitutional or statutory rights. . . . [T]he Commission is the ultimate fact-finder and

judge of the credibility of witnesses; therefore, we may not reweigh the evidence that was

before the Commission.” Pulliam v. Miss. State Hudspeth Reg’l Ctr., 147 So. 3d 864, 868

(¶16) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014) (citations and quotation marks omitted). “We defer to the

Commission’s decision and reverse only when the Commission’s decision is not supported

by substantial evidence.” Cook v. Home Depot, 81 So. 3d 1126, 1128 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App.

2011), aff’d, 81 So. 3d 1041 (Miss. 2012). “This remains true even though we might have

reached a different conclusion were we the trier of fact.” Parker v. Ashley Furniture Indus.,

164 So. 3d 1081, 1084 (¶11) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015) (quoting Smith v. Johnston Tombigbee

Furniture Mfg. Co., 43 So. 3d 1159, 1164 (¶15) (Miss. Ct. App. 2010)).

¶51.   Stated differently, once this Court determines that the Commission’s decision is

supported by substantial evidence, it is irrelevant that a different outcome might “also be

                                              16
supported by substantial evidence.” United Funeral Homes, Inc. v. Culliver, 240 Miss. 878,

882, 128 So. 2d 579, 580 (1961). In a workers’ compensation case, there may be “substantial

evidence” both in support of the claim and in opposition to it. Georgia-Pacific Corp. v. Veal,

484 So. 2d 1025, 1027-28 (Miss. 1986). In such cases, the Commission will be “justified in

either finding.” Id. “The Commission is in the same position as a jury, which might have

brought in a verdict for either the plaintiff or the defendant, and where the jury has enough

evidence to justify its findings the court affirms the case.” Id. at 1027.

¶52.   In this case, the Commission denied Jones’s claim after finding that “the medical

evidence presented does not support [Jones’s] assertion that she sustained a compensable,

work-related injury.” The Commission’s finding and decision are supported by substantial

evidence and therefore must be affirmed.

¶53.   To begin with, although Jones now claims that her pain is the result of an injury (a

back “pop”) at work, she did not report a work-related injury to Hill (her supervisor) or to

Baptist’s HR department for more than seven months after the alleged injury. Even though

she discussed FMLA leave with Baptist’s HR department and ultimately went on FMLA

leave in August 2015, Jones did not report a possible work-related injury until October 2015.

In addition, Jones treated with four different doctors during this period, but none of her

patient information forms or the doctors’ notes identifies a specific work-related injury as a

possible cause of her pain. Further, none of these doctors noted that Jones had mentioned

any sort of back “pop” to them. Jones’s failure to claim a work-related injury from March

to October 2015 is certainly a reasonable basis for the Commission to question her claim that

                                              17
she sustained such an injury. See Anthony v. Town of Marion, 90 So. 3d 682, 686, 690-91

(¶¶12, 24-26) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012) (holding that the Commission did not err by considering

claimant’s failure to report an alleged work-related injury for three months as part of the

totality of the relevant evidence).

¶54.   Moreover, two days after the alleged work-related incident, Jones advised Hill that

her pain began on Tuesday—four days before the alleged injury. She provided the same

information to Dr. Amundson a few days later. Dr. Amundson also reported that Jones

“denie[d] any precipitating event.” Less than two weeks later, Dr. Dodd similarly reported

that Jones had “describe[d] an approximately five-to-six-year history of lower back pain” and

“began experiencing some new onset of moderate low back and right lower extremity

radiation approximately two weeks ago without any obvious precipitating event.” All of this

evidence permits a reasonable inference that Jones’s difficulties began several days before

the alleged injury at work. The Commission reasonably could have found that whatever

precipitated Jones’s pain in March 2015 occurred several prior to the alleged incident at

work—and that, at most, Jones experienced continuing pain while at work.

¶55.   Finally, the Commission was entitled to credit Dr. Woodall’s testimony and

conclusions. Dr. Woodall testified that he treated Jones from June to November 2015, but

Jones never mentioned a back pop or told him that her pain was caused by any work-related

injury. Dr. Woodall’s testimony was supported by his own contemporaneous notes, which

showed no mention of a work-related injury. In addition, Dr. Woodall testified that he did

not believe that Jones’s present pain is attributable to any work-related injury. Rather, he

                                             18
attributed her present difficulties to degenerative disc disease, obesity, and other factors.

Jones did not offer any testimony or other medical evidence to contradict Dr. Woodall’s

conclusions. Indeed, the notes and records of Dr. Amundson and Dr. Dodd generally support

Dr. Woodall’s conclusions. Certainly, the Commission was entitled to credit Dr. Woodall’s

testimony. See, e.g., Ware v. Hillcraft Furniture, 724 So. 2d 512, 516 (¶33) (Miss. Ct. App.

1998) (“As finder and trier of fact in a workers’ compensation claim, the Commission was

charged with evaluating and weighing all the medical evidence.”).

¶56.   To be clear, neither Dr. Woodall’s testimony nor any other medical evidence shows

that a work-related incident on March 21, 2015, caused a new injury or aggravated any

preexisting condition. As stated, Dr. Woodall concluded that Jones’s condition was most

likely attributable to her preexisting degenerative disc disease and other factors and not to

any work-related incident. While Jones did testify that she experienced a sharp pain while

at work, “that is not the same as saying that [her] condition was aggravated. Pain is a

symptom of an injury; that the pain worsens with certain activity does not mean the activity

is increasing the injury but only that the activity is painful as a result of the injury.” United

Methodist Senior Servs. v. Ice, 749 So. 2d 1227, 1232 (¶21) (Miss. Ct. App. 1999) (emphasis

omitted; emphasis added); see also Wright v. Turan-Foley Motors Inc., 269 So. 3d 160, 168

(¶¶31-32) (Miss. Ct. App. 2018) (affirming Commission’s finding that claimant failed to

prove a compensable injury based on doctor’s testimony that claimant’s work caused pain

and swelling but no permanent aggravation of the underlying conditions). Stated simply, an

employee does not sustain a compensable work-related injury just because he or she

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experiences pain from a preexisting condition while on the job.

¶57.   Thus, the Commission also did not clearly err when it found that “the medical

evidence presented does not support [Jones’s] assertion that she sustained a compensable,

work-related injury.” “In all but the simple and routine [workers’ compensation] cases it is

necessary to establish medical causation by expert testimony. . . . Medical evidence must

prove not only the existence of a disability but also its causal connection to employment.”

Clark v. Spherion Corp., 11 So. 3d 774, 778 (¶16) (Miss. Ct. App. 2009) (emphasis added;

citations, quotations marks, brackets, and ellipsis omitted). Here, there is no medical

evidence to connect Jones’s back pain to anything that occurred during her employment at

Baptist.

¶58.   With all respect, the majority is able to reverse only by substituting its judgment for

that of the Commission. But see, e.g., Raytheon Aerospace Support Servs. v. Miller, 861 So.

2d 330, 335 (¶11) (Miss. 2003) (reiterating that a reviewing court may not substitute its

judgment for that of the Commission).          Indeed, despite an abundance of evidence

contradicting or casting doubt on Jones’s claim, the majority holds that the Commission was

required to accept Jones’s own claim that her back “pop” constituted a compensable injury.

It is unnecessary to address all of the arguments in the majority opinion, but two parts of the

opinion warrant brief comments.

¶59.   First, the majority relies heavily on Beverly Healthcare v. Hare, 51 So. 3d 223 (Miss.

Ct. App. 2010), calling it “[a]n analogous case.” Ante at ¶18. It is not. The majority

apparently sees the two cases as similar because Beverly Healthcare also involved a nurse

                                              20
who heard a “pop” while pushing a medicine cart. Ante at ¶18. But that is where the

similarities in the cases end. The nurse in Beverly Healthcare testified that she heard a “pop”

“like a shotgun,” and the undisputed evidence showed that she had broken her femur while

she was performing the ordinary duties of her job. Beverly Healthcare, 51 So. 3d at 231-32

(¶29). That is a far cry from this case where there is substantial evidence that Jones did not

experience any injury at work but, at most, experienced some pain from a degenerative

condition that apparently flared up four days earlier.3 Suffice it to say, Beverly Healthcare

does not establish a per se rule that a claimant who testifies to hearing a “pop” while pushing

a medicine cart always wins.

¶60.   A second major problem with the majority opinion is that it is based on a clear

misstatement of current law. The majority asserts that the Commission’s decision is legally

erroneous because it “fails to carry out the beneficent intent and purpose of the Workers’

Compensation Act.” Ante at ¶12 (quoting Beverly Healthcare, 51 So. 3d at 229 (¶18)).

Later, the majority opinion states:

       “The Workers’ Compensation Act is to be construed liberally in favor of
       claimants.” Union Camp Corp. v. Hall, 955 So. 2d, 363, 371 (¶36) (Miss. Ct.
       App. 2006) (internal citations omitted). Doubtful cases should be resolved in
       favor of compensation. Id. “Based on the ‘broad policy considerations
       undergirding the Workers’ Compensation Act and the liberal construction to
       be given the compensation statutes,’ the injured worker should prevail when
       the evidence is ‘even.’” Id.

       3
        The majority opinion states that this case is like Beverly Healthcare because Jones
“reported to work” on March 20-21, 2015, “without an injury.” Ante at ¶20. The majority
ignores that there is evidence to the contrary. As discussed above, Jones told Hill and Dr.
Amundson that she had been experiencing pain in her leg for four days prior to her alleged
work-related injury, and Dr. Woodall attributed Jones’s present pain to her preexisting
degenerative back disease.

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Ante at ¶15.

¶61.   None of that is the law anymore. Effective July 1, 2012, the Legislature amended the

Act to provide: “notwithstanding any common law or case law to the contrary, this chapter

shall not be presumed to favor one party over another and shall not be liberally construed in

order to fulfill any beneficent purposes.” Miss. Code Ann. § 71-3-1(1) (Supp. 2018); see

Miss. Gen. Laws 2012, Ch. 522, § 1. Thus, the principles on which the majority relies have

“been legislatively abolished . . . for injuries occurring on or after July 1, 2012.” Howard

Indus. Inc. v. Hardaway, 191 So. 3d 1257, 1262 n.2 (Miss. Ct. App. 2015), cert. denied, 202

So. 3d 208 (Miss. 2016); see also Cook v. Neshoba Cty. Gen. Hosp., 139 So. 3d 131, 133 n.2

(Miss. Ct. App. 2014) (recognizing the same). The majority opinion simply ignores this clear

change to the law. That is not our prerogative. As our Supreme Court has explained,

       The Mississippi Workmen’s Compensation Law was adopted by the
       Legislature in the exercise of the legislative power vested exclusively in it
       under Article 1, Section 1 of the Constitution of 1890. In order to preserve the
       separation of powers mandated by the Constitution, any amendments to the
       Workmen’s Compensation Law or any public policy determinations of the law,
       likewise are vested exclusively in the Legislature.

Kelly v. Miss. Valley Gas Co., 397 So. 2d 874, 877 (Miss. 1981).

¶62.   To be clear, the outcome of this does not depend on the 2012 amendment to the

statute. There is ample evidence to support the Commission’s decision no matter how

“liberally” the law is construed in favor of Jones. Nonetheless, we are bound to follow and

apply the law as it is written.

       III.    Conclusion

¶63.   The Commission’s decision must be affirmed because it is supported by substantial,

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competent evidence from multiple sources. I respectfully dissent.

      BARNES, C.J., AND CARLTON, P.J., JOIN THIS OPINION.

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