Court Opinion

ID: 1035233
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-07-25 15:17:09.20799+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:37:21.135337
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                             For the Eighth Circuit
                         ___________________________

                                 No. 12-1987
                         ___________________________

                                Derrol Dee Kirby, III

                        lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellant

                                            v.

 John Roth, Ex Police Chief of Barling Police Department; Larry Merchant, Next
in charge under Police Chief, Barling Police Department; Kevin Dougan, Barling
 Patrolman, Barling Police Department; John Barbor, Barling Patrolman, Barling
                       Police Department; City of Barling

                       lllllllllllllllllllll Defendants - Appellees
                                        ____________

                      Appeal from United States District Court
                  for the Western District of Arkansas - Ft. Smith
                                  ____________

                            Submitted: January 17, 2013
                               Filed: July 25, 2013
                                  [Unpublished]
                                 ____________

Before WOLLMAN, GRUENDER, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
                       ____________

PER CURIAM.

      Derrol Dee Kirby, III, while proceeding pro se, brought a 42 U.S.C. § 1983
claim alleging that Barling City, Arkansas police officers used excessive force against
him during a traffic stop and denied him medical care after his arrest. The district
court1 found in favor of Kirby in part, holding that the initial use of a Taser was
excessive force but rejecting his claim of denial of medical care. The court ordered
compensatory damages of $167.42. In his first appeal, also filed pro se, Kirby argued
that the district court erred in failing to award him damages for pain and suffering or
punitive damages. Recognizing the district court had failed to address Kirby’s
request for damages for pain and suffering and punitive damages, we remanded the
matter to the district court to make that determination in the first instance. See Kirby
v. Roth, 416 F. App’x 572 (8th Cir. 2011) (unpublished per curiam).

        Following our remand, Kirby retained counsel. On remand, the district court
conducted a supplemental bench trial to address the damages claims. The court
determined that while Kirby received a cut to his face, some facial bruising, and other
superficial facial injuries from his fall after he was initially Tasered, the majority of
his injuries occurred when he subsequently resisted arrest. Thus, the court held that
pain and suffering damages should be limited only to those injuries suffered by the
initial use of the Taser. The district court rejected Kirby’s request for punitive
damages after finding that there was no evidence that defendants were motivated by
evil intent or recklessness. After first awarding $1 in nominal pain and suffering
damages, the district court increased that amount to $100 on reconsideration, based
on the pain and suffering experienced by Kirby as a result of the initial Taser shots.

       Kirby sought attorney’s fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988(b) of $15,900,
representing 53 hours of work by counsel at $300 per hour. After considering the 12
factors identified in Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 430 n.3 (1983), for the
determination of the appropriate amount of fees that should be awarded, the district

      1
      The Honorable James R. Marschewski, United States Magistrate Judge for the
Western District of Arkansas, to whom the case was referred for final disposition by
consent of the parties pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c).

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court granted attorney’s fees of $4,005. The court found “[w]ith respect to the results
obtained, a reduction is warranted in view of the limited success on the merits.” The
court noted Kirby did not prevail on his denial of medical care claim, compensatory
damages were not significant, and no punitive damages were awarded.

        Kirby again appeals, arguing (1) the district court clearly erred in making a
finding of fact on remand that is inconsistent with the findings of fact made in the
liability case; (2) when the district court determined Kirby could only recover for
injuries suffered prior to the time he began resisting arrest, the district court engaged
in “segmenting,” or dividing the incident into segments to determine if officers were
reasonable in their response to each segment of the incident, and this procedure has
not been adopted by this court; (3) the district court abused its discretion in declining
to award punitive damages based on a finding that officers did not act with evil
motive or intent; and (4) the district court abused its discretion in awarding only
$4,005 in attorney’s fees.

        We reject each of Kirby’s claims. First, the district court did not clearly err in
its factual findings. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a)(6) (standard of review). It is clear that
the district court considered the “initial Taser incident” to include the first two Taser
shocks and distinguished this from Kirby’s subsequent resisting arrest; thus, the
district court’s findings of fact on remand are consistent with its findings of fact in
the liability case. Second, the district court properly analyzed this case to determine
whether officers reacted reasonably as the circumstances rapidly evolved. See
Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 396-97 (1989) (“The calculus of reasonableness
must embody allowance for the fact that police officers are often forced to make
split-second judgments—in circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and rapidly
evolving—about the amount of force that is necessary in a particular situation.”).
Third, the district court did not abuse its significant discretion when it determined that
officers reasonably feared for their safety when they deployed their Tasers and thus
were not motivated by evil motive or intent, nor did they act with reckless or callous

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indifference to Kirby’s constitutional rights. See Williams v. Hobbs, 662 F.3d 994,
1011-12 (8th Cir. 2011) (holding that factfinder must make a threshold finding that
defendants’ conduct was motivated by evil motive or intent or involved reckless or
callous indifference to the federally protected rights of others before an award of
punitive damages can be made), cert. denied, 133 S. Ct. 243 (2012). Finally, we
agree with the district court that the limited success achieved by Kirby, as reflected
in the modest compensatory damages and pain and suffering damages awarded,
appropriately bears on the quantum of attorney’s fees awarded under section 1988(b).
See Loggins v. Delo, 999 F.2d 364, 369 (8th Cir. 1993) (noting limited success will
limit the attorney’s fee award).

      We affirm.
                       ______________________________

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