Court Opinion

ID: 4385384
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-04-09 16:47:54.983488+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:50:22.056665
License: Public Domain

J-S72039-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 JOHN JAROSZEWICZ                         :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :         PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
              v.                          :
                                          :
                                          :
 OZ PROPERTIES, INC.,                     :
                                          :
                    Appellant.            :    No. 481 MDA 2018

             Appeal from the Order Entered, February 21, 2018,
               in the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County,
                      Civil Division at No(s): 15-13852.

BEFORE: BOWES, J., SHOGAN, J., and KUNSELMAN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.:                           FILED APRIL 09, 2019

      Oz Properties, Inc. appeals from the order entered by the trial court

granting John Jaroszewicz’s motion to compel discovery. Upon review, we

quash the appeal.

      The unique procedural history of this case, critical to our decision, is as

follows:

      A bench trial in this breach of contract action commenced on October 2,

2017. After the close of Jaroszewicz’s case, the parties reached a settlement

agreement. The trial court suspended trial and removed the case from the

trial list, anticipating that the parties would file a praecipe to settle,

discontinue, and end.

      However, on November 6, 2017, because Oz allegedly did not make

payment as promised in accordance with the settlement, Jaroszewicz filed a
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petition to enforce the settlement agreement, and additionally requested

sanctions. The trial court issued a rule and scheduled the matter for a hearing

on December 14, 2017. Oz responded claiming that Jaroszewicz breached the

confidentiality provisions, and thus, it was not obligated to pay.

      On December 14, 2017, the parties appeared before the trial court

anticipating that the court would conduct an evidentiary hearing on

Jaroszewicz’s petition to enforce. However, no hearing was held. Although

the trial court acknowledged that a disagreement had arisen over whether an

actual settlement had been attained previously, the trial court refused to hear

arguments. Instead, the court indicated that it was going to reschedule the

matter for a bench trial. It further indicated that it would grant a sixty (60)

extension for discovery. No written order was issued at that time.

       The next day, on December 15, 2017, Oz filed a petition to enforce the

settlement against Jaroszewicz. No response was filed.

      Thereafter, on January 10, 2018, Jaroszewicz filed a motion to compel

depositions and for sanctions. In this motion, Jaroszewicz claimed that despite

the trial court’s indication the parties could conduct further discovery, Oz

refused to provide dates for depositions or confirm that the individuals to be

deposed would present themselves, despite repeated requests. The trial court

issued a rule and scheduled the matter for a hearing on February 16, 2018.

Oz filed an answer denying those allegations.

      On February 21, 2018, the trial court entered two separate orders. The

first order denied both Jaroszewicz and Oz’s motions to enforce the settlement

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agreement.       The second order granted Jaroszewicz’s motion to compel,

authorized the parties to conduct discovery, and denied Jaroszewicz’s request

for sanctions.

      Oz filed a motion for reconsideration as to each of these orders on

February 26, 2018. But, before the trial court could address them, Oz filed a

notice of appeal on March 16, 2018. Both the trial court and Oz complied with

Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

      In its appellate brief, Oz indicated that the order in question was the

trial court’s February 21, 2018 order granting Jaroszewicz’s motion to compel

discovery and authorizing the parties to conduct discovery. Oz’s Brief at 2.

Consequently, upon receipt of this appeal, this Court issued a rule to show

cause why the appeal should not be quashed as taken from a non-appealable

order. Oz filed a statement of cause why its appeal should not be quashed.

The rule was discharged, and the decision regarding the appealability of this

matter was deferred to this panel.

      Initially, we note that “[t]he appealability of an order directly implicates

the jurisdiction of the court asked to review the order.” Estate of Considine

v. Wachovia Bank, 966 A.2d 1148, 1151 (Pa. Super. 2009) (quoting

Mother's Rest., Inc. v. Krystkiewicz, 861 A.2d 327, 331 (Pa. Super.

2004)(en banc)). Generally, as an appellate court, we only have jurisdiction

to review final orders. See Pa.R.A.P. 341 (providing that “an appeal may be

taken as of right from any final order”).         Nevertheless, in appropriate

circumstances, the Rules of Appellate Procedure allow an appeal to be taken

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from an interlocutory order.          See Pa.R.A.P. 311, 312, 313, and 341(c).

Consequently, before we can proceed on the merits, we must determine first

whether this matter is properly before the Court.

       On its face, the February 21, 2018 order is clearly one directing

discovery.     Orders regarding discovery are not final, and are, therefore,

usually unappealable.       Jones v. Faust, 852 A.2d 1201, 1203 (Pa. Super.

2004); but see J.S. v. Wetzel, 860 A.2d 1112, 1117 (Pa. Super. 2004)

(allowing collateral review of a discovery order where compelling privacy

interest at issue). However, Oz contends that the order in issue is not merely

a discovery order. Rather, it is actually an order granting a new trial.1

According to Oz, this order was entered for the purpose of permitting
____________________________________________

1 All of the substantive issues raised by Oz on appeal relate to the trial court’s
orders denying the petition to enforce the settlement agreement and directing
the parties to proceed with a trial in the case. They are as follows:

    1. Whether the trial court erred in failing to hold an evidentiary hearing on
       either Oz’s and/or Jaroszewicz’s motion to enforce settlement
       agreement.

    2. Whether the trial court erred in re-opening discovery for purposes of
       holding a new trial on the underlying action when discovery in the
       underlying matter had closed, and a trial in the underlying matter had
       already commenced but stopped when the parties reached a settlement.

    3. Whether the trial court erred in deciding to hold a new trial on the merits
       of the underlying case when a trial in the underlying matter had already
       commenced, but stopped when the parties reached a settlement.

See Oz’s Brief at 3-4. We note that Oz did not appeal from the trial court’s
order denying the motion to enforce the settlement agreement, which was a
separate order from that which Oz now appeals. Consequently, the first issue
is waived.

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discovery to be reopened on the underlying merits of the case, so that a

second de novo trial could be held in the underlying matter. Oz’s Brief at 2.

      In support of its position, Oz relies on Johnston v. Upper Macungie

Twp., 638 A.2d 408 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1994). Oz’s Brief at 1. There the court

found that, although the order did not explicitly say a new trial was ordered,

the trial court’s remand order effectively did so. Johnston, 638 A.2d at 413.

“Because the [February 21, 2018] [o]rder effectively orders that a new trial

occur on the underlying merits of the case [even though it does not specifically

state that], the order is an interlocutory order which is appealable by right

pursuant Pa.R.A.P. 311(a)(6).” Oz’s Brief at 2. We therefore must determine

whether the trial court’s order in this case could be construed as an order

directing a new trial contemplated under Pa.R.A.P. 311. Rule of Appellate

Procedure 311(a)(6) provides for an interlocutory appeal as of right of “an

order in a civil action or proceeding awarding a new trial.”           Pa.R.A.P.

311(a)(6).

      Initially, we observe that the trial court believed it did not grant a “new

trial”. Trial Court Opinion, 8/14/18 at 5. Even assuming that it did, however,

the trial court maintained that ordering discovery and starting the trial again

was the fairest way to accommodate the parties, given the length of time since

their alleged settlement and the magnitude of events that transpired during

that time. Id. In noting that Oz wanted to resume the previous incomplete

trial, at the exact moment it was disrupted, the court remarked, “This made

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no sense to the Court based upon the mountain of additional and novel

information brought before it in the intervening months.” Id.

      We agree that the trial court did not actually award a new trial, which

changed the final outcome of the case.      In Kronstantin v. Miller, 19 A.3d

1119 (Pa. Super. 2011), we considered the difference between “awarding a

new trial” as set forth in Pa.R.A.P. 311(a)(6), and the declaration of a mistrial.

Kronstantin, 19 A.2d at 1123. Although the present case does not involve a

mistrial, we find Kronstantin helpful to our analysis. There, we explained:

      There is a marked difference between a court's granting a motion
      for a new trial and declaring a mistrial; the former
      contemplates that a case has been tried, a judgment
      rendered, and on motion therefore[,] said judgment set
      aside and a new trial granted, while the latter results where,
      before a trial is completed and judgment rendered, the trial
      court concludes that there is some error or irregularity that
      prevents a proper judgment being rendered in which event a
      mistrial may be declared.

Id. at 1124 (emphasis added). In view of this principle, we concluded that,

because there was no final verdict rendered by the jury, the declaration of the

mistrial, and ensuing trial which occurred as a matter of course, was not an

award of a new trial.    Id.   Thus, the declaration of a mistrial was not an

interlocutory order appealable as of right under Pa.R.A.P. 311(a)(6), and the

appeal was quashed. Id. at 1124-25.

      Similarly, here, the case was not fully tried to verdict in the trial court.

After the conclusion of Jaroszewicz’s side of the case, the parties believed they

reached a settlement agreement.       The trial was suspended, and the case

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removed from the trial list. No decision or judgment was ever rendered by

the trial court in this matter. No error was asserted to have occurred that one

of the parties now asks this Court to set aside (e.g. a decision or verdict), as

is typical with the award of a new trial.          However, when the settlement

agreement fell through, the trial court decided it was best to start the trial

over or reconvene the trial as a matter course. By requiring the parties to

commence the trial from the beginning, the trial court merely established the

scope of the new proceedings.           Additionally, the trial court concluded that

further discovery would assist the parties in moving this matter forward. This

decision, contrary to Oz’s contention, did not constitute an award of a new

trial.

         Moreover, in view of the foregoing analysis, Oz’s reliance on Johnston,

is misplaced.2 Oz claims that, even though the order in Johnston did not

expressly state that it was awarding a new trial, it effectively did, and

therefore was appealable immediately.            However, unlike in Johnston, the

order here did not effectively direct a new trial.

         The Johnston case involved landowners who appealed to the trial court

after the magistrate imposed sanctions against them for a zoning violation.

The underlying violation had become final because the landowners’ failed to

appeal it to the zoning hearing board. Thus, the only issue remaining was one

of sanctions. However, at the trial court, instead of deciding the sanctions,
____________________________________________

2Additionally, we note that Johnston is a Commonwealth Court case, and
as such, is not controlling upon this Court.

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the judge remanded the issue of whether a zoning violation had occurred to

the magistrate, thereby affording the landowners a second opportunity to

litigate a final decision. Johnston, 638 A.2d at 413. Consequently, the trial

court’s decision to remand was appealable as of right, as an interlocutory order

awarding a new trial. Id. 412-13. Here, as discussed above, no final decision

or verdict was previously rendered in this case, and there was no final order

as a matter of law.

      Accordingly, we conclude the February 21, 2018 order, which is the

subject of this appeal, is not an order awarding a new trial under Pa.R.A.P.

311(a)(6) as claimed by Oz. Rather, this order is simply an order directing

discovery to take place in a case where judgment has never been entered.

The trial court merely reopened discovery, because given the amount of time

that had elapsed since testimony originally began, it believed it was the fairest

way to resolve the pending matter.      Trial Court Opinion, 8/14/2018, at 5.

Indeed, the trial court believed it could have been an abuse of discretion not

to start the trial anew. Id. Consequently, as discussed above, the February

21, 2018, order is not a final, appealable order. We, therefore, do not reach

the merits of any issues raised on appeal.

      For the foregoing reasons, we quash this appeal.

      Appeal quashed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 04/09/2019

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