Court Opinion

ID: 3015463
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:12:11.838169+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:08:20.192231
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

              IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                       FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                              Case No: 04-1418

                            DONNA M. TUCKER;
                              TROY TUCKER

                                           v.

                        BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB;
                        BRENDA MARTINI WAKIN;
                             BRIAN LINSEY;
                            FRANK BIVIANO

                              *MERCK & CO INC,

                                        Appellant

                              *Pursuant to FRAP 12(a)

                On Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                           District Court No.: 01-4152
                District Judge: The Honorable Charles R. Weiner

                Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                June 28, 2005

           Before: NYGAARD * , SMITH, and FISHER, Circuit Judges

                             (Filed: July 18, 2005)

*
    Honorable Richard L. Nygaard assumed senior status on July 9, 2005.

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                                         OPINION

SMITH, Circuit Judge.

         Merck & Co., Inc., a non-party in this employment discrimination action, appeals

the February 10, 2004, denial of its motion to quash three civil subpoenas issued by the

District Court in this matter and directed at Merck officials. For the reasons stated

below, we will reverse the District Court’s order, which Judge Weiner entered “out of an

abundance of caution,” and remand with directions to enter an order granting the motion.

         The Tuckers sought the subpoenas of Merck’s Employee Benefits, Employee

Services, and Payroll Managers to establish Donna Tucker’s employment status with

Merck during the period from December 1, 2000, to June 1, 2001. The information

sought would presumably cast doubt on Bristol-Meyers Squibb Co.’s (BMS) asserted

reason for terminating Ms. Tucker, i.e., that she was simultaneously employed by both

pharmaceutical companies in violation of BMS’s conflict of interest policy.

         The District Court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331. Insofar as the

subpoenas were directed at company officials and not Merck itself, the District Court’s

order was final as to Merck. Thus, this Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §

1291. See In re: Matter of Grand Jury Applicants, 619 F.2d 1022, 1025-26 (3d Cir.

1980).

         Merck argues that the issue of Ms. Tucker’s employment with the company was

decided in the Tuckers’ earlier litigation against Merck. Therefore, Merck continues, the

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subpoenas should be quashed according to the issue preclusion doctrine.

       Federal preclusion principles apply when a court exercising federal question

jurisdiction examines the preclusive effect of an earlier diversity judgment. In re:

Kaplan, 143 F.3d 807, 814-15 (3d Cir. 1998) (citing Heiser v. Woodruff, 327 U.S. 726,

733 (1946)). Under federal common law, the elements of issue preclusion are: (1)

identity of issues; (2) a final judgment on the merits; (3) identity (or privity) of parties;

and (4) the party against whom preclusion is asserted had a full and fair opportunity to

litigate the issue. Delaware River Port Auth. v. Fraternal Order of Police, Penn-Jersey

Lodge 30, 290 F.3d 567, 573 n.10 (3d Cir. 2002).

       The Tuckers did not file a brief in this Court, but in a November 18, 2003 letter to

District Judge Weiner, they conceded that the first three elements of issue preclusion were

met. The Tuckers argued, however, that they did not have a full and fair opportunity to

litigate the merits of the issue because the District Court in the Merck litigation did not

allow the deposing of these same Merck managers, a decision that is currently on appeal

to this Court.**

       The context of the District Court’s discussion of Ms. Tucker’s employment with

Merck was its analysis of Merck’s asserted truth defense to the Tuckers’ defamation

claim. The Tuckers claimed Merck defamed Ms. Tucker by alerting BMS that she was

working for the two companies simultaneously. Thus, the issue of Ms. Tucker’s

       **
          The Tuckers also asserted that issue preclusion did not apply because the grant of
summary judgment for Merck is currently on appeal to this Court. However, a pending appeal
does not vitiate the preclusive effect of a trial court judgment. O’Leary v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.,
923 F.2d 1062, 1066 n.6 (3d Cir. 1991).

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employment period with Merck was central to the analysis.

       As Chief Judge Giles recounted in minute detail, under the common law agency

test, and applying the totality of the circumstances, the evidence in the record before the

District Court indicated that Ms. Tucker was a Merck employee from March 1, 2001 until

her termination on April 25, 2001. See Donna M. Tucker and Troy Tucker v. Merck &

Co., Inc., No. 02-2421, slip op. at 3-6, 11-17 (E.D. Pa., May 2, 2003). She was paid by

Merck as of March 1; she attended a Merck management training program from March 5-

9, at which proprietary information was discussed; in March, she appeared on the

company rolls and attended at least one company event; and at least from early April, she

performed the tasks of a Merck District Business Manager, including attending a multi-

day managerial meeting and, on April 9, reprimanding a subordinate.

       Because the Tuckers had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue of the

timing and duration of Ms. Tucker’s employment with Merck, the subpoenas directed to

Merck’s Employee Benefits, Employee Services, and Payroll Managers should be

quashed pursuant to the issue preclusion doctrine, all the elements of which were met.

       Though we appreciate the “abundance of caution” exercised by Judge Weiner in

denying the motion to quash, we believe that it was unwarranted in this instance, and thus

the February 10, 2004 order must be reversed.

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