Court Opinion

ID: 7093053
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-24 12:07:58.526112+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:13:09.050842
License: Public Domain

Cole, J.
1. action of right form of. I. Tbe petition is in tbe ordinary form for tbe recovery of real property, bat concludes by asking “ judgment against tbe said defendant, establishing and confirming in and to said plaintiff, an estate in fee simple in tbe whole of said- land; tbe immediate possession thereof, and determining and quieting tbe question of tbe .title thereof, and for said sum of five hundred dollars above demanded, and costs.” Tbe defendant moved to transfer tbe cause to the chancery docket, and fora continuance thereof, “ for, the: reason that the plaintiff’s petition asks for equitable relief, and was not commenced sixty days before tbe commencement of this term of tbe court.” This motion was overruled by tbe court, and tbe defendant now assigns tbe same as bis first error. A judgment, as in an ordinary action, that tbe plaintiff recover possession of tbe property (to which be claims and shows himself entitled absolutely), together with damages for detention as assessed by the jury, &c., amounts in legal effect, as between tbe parties to this suit, to all that is asked for in the prayer of tbe petition. _ The plaintiff having showm no other cause for tbe transfer than that arising from tbe prayer of tbe petition, it was not error to overrule tbe motion. -
2. pleadings: demurrer. I. Tbe defendant then demurred to the petition, because the plaintiff by it sought both legal and equitable remedies. This demurrer was overruled, and defendant excepted, and now assigns tbe same as error.
*563. - Law and equity. *55Tbe Revision, § 2876, prescribes the causes for demurrer, and it ought to be sufficient to say that tbe causes assigned for the. demurrer in this case are not embraced within tbe statute, for none other are available. Howard’s *56N. Y. Cods (1860), § 14.5, page 244; Royce v. Brown, 3 Howard’s Pr. Rep., 391; Manchester v. Stones, 3 Id., 410. But, aside from the statute it is clear, alike upon principle and authority, that a demurrer will not lie to a pleading simply because it may ask relief to which, its averments would not entitle the pleader. Beale v. Hays, 5 Sandf., 640; Andrews v. Shaffer, 12 How. Pr. Rep., 441; Hecker v. Degroot, 15 How. Pr. Rep., 314; Witherhead v. Allen, 28 Barb. S. C., 661. Under our Code, a demurrer-is not applicable to the question, whether the pro-cee(p.ng should have been at law or in equity. Trustees of Lebanon v. Forrest, &c., 15 B. Mon., 172; Stanton’s Ky. Code, § 120, page 76; Conyngham v. Smith et al., 16 Iowa, 471. But, in this case, the defendant after-wards answered, and thereby waived the error, if any.
4. Practice: transfer of causes. III. The defendant then filed his answer, denying the' allegations of the petition, and obtained a continuance of the cause. At the succeeding term he filed an amended answer and cross-petition, setting up an equitable defense to the plaintiff’s cause of action, and thereon again moved the transfer of the cause to the equity docket, which motion was also overruled, and is now assigned as error.
The provisions of our Code on this subject are as follows:
Revision, “§ 2611. The plaintiff may prosecute his action by equitable proceedings in all cases where courts of equity, before the adoption of this Code, had jurisdiction; and must so proceed in all cases where such jurisdiction was exclusive.
§ 2612. In all other cases, except in this Code otherwise provided, the plaintiff must prosecute his action by ordinary proceedings.
§ 2613. An error of the plaintiff as to the kind of proceedings adopted shall not cause the abatement or dismissal of the action, but merely a change into the proper proceedings, by an amendment in the pleadings, and a transfer of the action to the proper docket.
*57§ 2614. The error mentioned in the last section may he corrected by the plaintiff, without motion, at any time before the defendant has answered, or afterwards on motion in court.
§ 2615. The defendant shall be entitled to have the correction made, in the following cases: Where the action has been commenced by equitable proceedings, the defendant, by motion made at the time of filing his answer, may have them changed into ordinary proceedings, when it appears that by the provisions of section 2612 the plaintiff should have adopted ordinary proceedings, and in addition, that his answer presents a defense on which he is entitled to trial by jury.
§ 2616. Where the action has been commenced by ordinary proceedings, the defendant, by motion made at or before the time of filing his answer, may have them changed into equitable proceedings when it appears that, by the provisions of section 2611, the plaintiff should have adopted equitable proceedings.
5. —— showing of defense, These are in substance and almost literally the provisions of the Kentucky Code on the same subject, Stanton’s Ky. Code, Title II, pages 18-22, and are all the provisions of our.'Code relating to the transfer of an -action from one docket to the other. It will be seen that the right to have an action transferred from one docket to another arises only where the plaintiff has brought his action by the wrong proceedings, that is, where he has brought his action by ordinary, when he should have adopted equitable proceedings and e converso. And this right is not absolute in all cases even then; for, where the plaintiff has brought his action by equitable, when he should have adopted ordinary proceedings, the defendant cannot have the action transferred to the ordinary docket, except he shows in addition, that his answer presents a defense on which he is entitled to trial by jury. In this case the action was properly brought by ordinary proceedings, and the defendant, under our Code, had no absolute *58legal right to have the same transferred, and it was not, therefore, error to overrule his motion therefor.
6. - Trial of issue. And, although the defendant has not the legal right to have an action properly commenced, transferred £0 0ther (locket, yet he has the absolute legal right to have the issues arising in the action, tried in the manner provided for the trial of issues in the class, either legal or equitable, to which they properly belong. Section 2617 of the Revision provides, that “ where the action has been properly commenced by ordinary proceedings, either party shall have the right, by motion, to have any issue which before the adoption of this Code was exclusively cognizable in equity, tried in the manner hereinafter prescribed in the cases of equitable proceedings; and if all the issues are such as, before the adoption of this Code, were cognizable in equity, though none were exclusively so, the defendant shall be entitled to have them all tried as in cases of equitable proceedings.” As to the right, also given, to have equitable issues, triable by the second method, tried by a jury, see Revision, § 2999. It therefore follows that, although, the court did not err in overruling the defendant’s motion to transfer the action to the equity docket, yet, such ruling of the court does not defeat the right or interfere with his privilege to have the equitable issues presented by his answer, tried in the manner provided for the trial of such issues. (Smith v. Moberly, 15 Ben. Monr., 73.)
7. - Trial of equitable defense. IY. After the defendant’s motion to transfer the cause to the equity docket was overruled, the plaintiff filed her reply, to the amended answer and cross-petition, taking issue upon many of the material facts averred therein. On the trial, as shown by the bill of exceptions, “ the defendant brought on the stand a witness, and proposed to prove the matters of defense as set up in his answer and cross-bill, to which the plaintiff had joined *59issue, Rut the court refused to let the defendant introduce such testimony, on the ground that said defense as set up, was equitable, and such evidence could not be introduced in this case;” to which defendant duly excepted, and now assigns the same as error.
It is provided by subdivision six of § 2880, of the Revision, that “ the defendant may set forth in his answer, as many causes of defense, set off, counterclaim or cross-demand, whether legal or equitable, as he may have.” If a defendant may set forth an equitable defense to an ordinary action, it would seem to follow as a legitimate sequence that he may prove it. The proof or testimony should be of that kind, oral or by deposition, properly admissible on the trial of the issue made. In this case no question was made as to the kind of testimony offered, but only as to the right of the party to prove the issue. It has been several times decided by this court, that such defense may be set up and proved. Rosierz v. Van Dam, 16 Iowa, 175, and cases cited; Van Orman v. Spafford, Clarke & Co., Id., 186; Kramer v. Conger, Id., 434. Unless the equitable issues are such as are triable by the second method, as provided by the Revision, § 2999, or a trial by the second method is consented to by the parties, or the court wishes “ to inform his conscience,” as provided in equitable issues triable by the first method, the more regular practice is, to try the equitable issues first, and if they should be found against the defendant, or after their determination in his favor, there remain other issues for trial, then proceed to the determination of such original or remaining issues in the method provided for the trial thereof. Cramer v. Conger, supra; Smith v. Moberly, 15 B. Mour., 73, supra. It follows then, that the court erred in rejecting the evidence and refusing to hear and determine the equitable defense presented by the answer. Rosierz v. Van Dam, and other cases cited supra.
*608. Evidence of title. Y. The plaintiff claims title through the defendant, and on the trial introduced evidence tending to show a regular chain of title from the defendant to herself, but did not introduce or offer any evidence to show a title deducible from the government down to the defendant, from whence her title was derived. The defendant asked the court to instruct the jury, that in order for the plaintiff to recover, she must trace her title back to the general government, or show twenty years peaceable possession, &c. This instruction was refused, and such refusal is assigned as error.
There was no error in refusing this instruction; it was sufficient for the plaintiff to trace her title back to the chain through which the defendant claimed, or to the point at which the defendant is, by law, estopped from denying the title. Conger v. Converse, 9 Iowa, 554; Tillinghast’s Adams on Eject., 248; 2 Greenl. on Ev., § 307; Cooley v. Brayton, 16 Iowa, 10.
There were other instructions asked by defendant, and refused, or modified and given, to which refusal and modification the defendant excepted, and assigns the same as error. We have carefully examined them seriatim, and find no occasion to differ from the views entertained by the district court in refusing and modifying the instructions as shown by the record. For the refusal by the court to entertain and try the equitable defense set up as hereinbefore stated, the judgment is reversed, and cause remanded for a new trial and further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
Reversed.