Court Opinion

ID: 2911022
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-10 05:12:09.621203+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:42:12.078891
License: Public Domain

IN THE
                            TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

                                   No. 10-07-00112-CR

STEVEN BLAKE BLASINGAME,
                                                            Appellant
v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,
                                                            Appellee

                             From the 54th District Court
                              McLennan County, Texas
                             Trial Court No. 2006-856-C2

                            MEMORANDUM OPINION

        Appellant, Steven Blake Blasingame, was convicted by a jury of the offense of

robbery and assessed forty years in prison. His appeal asserts three issues for review:

     1. Whether the trial court erred in admitting a written statement of a State’s witness,
        when the prosecutor knew before trial that the witness would have to be
        impeached;

     2. Whether the trial court erred in denying his motion for a mistrial after jurors
        expressed concern about being photographed in the courtroom by Appellant’s
        girlfriend; and

     3. Whether the evidence is factually sufficient to support a finding that he was in the
        course of committing theft.
                                   ESSENTIAL FACTS

        The indictment alleges that Appellant did “while in the course of committing theft

of property, and with intent to obtain and maintain control of said property, intentionally,

knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to Bobby Slovak by striking him with

defendant’s fist.”

        The evidence shows that Appellant visited a Skinny’s convenience store in Waco

twice on March 31, 2006. On the first visit, he bought a cigar and then left. On the second

visit, he inquired about purchasing gas in a glass container and was told that it is illegal.

According to Slovak, a store employee, Appellant put an empty gas can in his pants and

attempted to leave the store. Appellant shoved the employee and hit him twice in the face.

As they scuffled, Appellant lost a ring and the gas can fell from his pants. He recovered

his ring and left the store.

        Another person who was in the store testified that he saw the scuffle, saw the can

under Appellant’s clothing, but did not see him leave the store with it.

        Police found Appellant at another convenience store and took him to Skinny’s for

identification. Although he gave a fictitious name, he was identified by his cousin and

Slovak.

        At the punishment phase, the jury heard evidence of prior convictions for

attempted burglary of a habitation and misdemeanor possession of marihuana, along with

other evidence of unadjudicated acts. Appellant’s former girlfriend testified that he had

assaulted her but she could not remember much of what had happened. The State offered

her written statement into evidence, and it was admitted over objection.          Appellant

Blasingame v. State                                                                 Page 2
introduced evidence at the hearing concerning his childhood, his background, and his

need for medication due to ADHD.

                                 WITNESS STATEMENT

        The prior incident admitted at the punishment phase involved Amy Ramos, who

said she was living with Appellant in January of 2006, when the police were called to their

apartment. She denied having any memory of the incident, and the State questioned her

about a written statement she had given. She denied knowing what was in the statement

and telling the officer that Appellant had assaulted her. She also denied telling a family

violence officer a few days later that she was afraid of Appellant. The State offered the

written statement, which was admitted into evidence and read to the jury over Appellant’s

objection.

        Appellant acknowledges that the statement is a prior inconsistent statement of a

witness under Rule of Evidence 613(a) and that Rule 607 allows a party to impeach its own

witness, but says the state should not be permitted to call a witness that it knows will give

unfavorable testimony solely for the purpose of impeaching that witness with a prior

inconsistent statement. He cites Hughes v. State as authority that an analysis under Rule

403 is the proper way to determine the admissibility of such evidence. Hughes v. State, 4
S.W.3d 1, 5 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). In Hughes, the Court of Criminal Appeals noted that

Rule 607 does not contain an exception for instances when the State knows, or should

know, that its witness will testify unfavorably. Id. at 4-5. The court summarized:

        Instead, we conclude the State's knowledge that its own witness will testify
        unfavorably is a factor the trial court must consider when determining whether the
        evidence is admissible under Rule 403. Analyzing lack of surprise or injury in
        terms of Rule 403 is preferable not only because it comports with the plain language
Blasingame v. State                                                                  Page 3
        of Rule 607, but because it will lead to the conclusion that a trial court abuses its
        discretion under Rule 403 when it allows the State to admit impeachment evidence
        for the primary purpose of placing evidence before the jury that was otherwise
        inadmissible. The impeachment evidence must be excluded under Rule 403's
        balancing test because the State profits from the witness' testimony only if the jury
        misuses the evidence by considering it for its truth. Consequently, any probative
        value the impeachment testimony may have is substantially outweighed by its
        prejudicial effect.

Id. at 5.

        The State says that the complaint on appeal is not the same complaint that

Appellant made to the trial court and thus this complaint has been waived. We agree.

        At trial, counsel made several objections, but we find none that can fairly be said to

implicate Rule 403. To preserve a complaint for appellate review, the complaining party

must make a timely, specific objection and obtain a ruling on the objection. Broxton v.

State, 909 S.W.2d 912, 918 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995). In addition, the point of error must

correspond to the objection made at trial. Id. An objection stating one legal theory may

not be used to support a different legal theory on appeal. Id. Because we find that

Appellant’s complaint on appeal does not correspond to his objections at trial, we overrule

his first issue.

                                 MOTON FOR MISTRIAL

        During the punishment phase, the jury sent a note to the court expressing

discomfort with the apparent use in the courtroom of a cell phone by Amy Shilling to take

photographs or record audio. Appellant moved for a mistrial on grounds that Shilling’s

acts had prejudiced him in the eyes of the jury. The trial court noted that Shilling had been

specifically excused from the rule keeping witnesses out of the courtroom and denied the

motion.
Blasingame v. State                                                                  Page 4
         Appellant says Shilling’s conduct created an inherent prejudice because jurors

thought enough about it to bring it to the court’s attention. He says there is a reasonable

probability that her conduct interfered with the jury’s verdict. See Landry v. State, 706
S.W.2d 105, 112 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985) (“Conduct from bystanders which interferes with

the normal proceedings of a trial will not result in reversible error unless the defendant

shows a reasonable probability that the conduct interfered with the jury's verdict.”),

overruled in part on other grounds by Cockrell v. State, 933 S.W.2d 73, 89 (Tex. Crim. App.

1996).

         The State notes that counsel made no request for a hearing and the court heard no

evidence on the motion.

         In such an instance, injury to the defendant is measured on a case-by-case basis. Id.

Furthermore, the decision about whether to grant a mistrial lies within the discretion of

the trial judge. Pierce v. State, 234 S.W.3d 265, 268 (Tex. App.—Waco 2007, pet. ref’d).

Based on the record before us, we find that Appellant did not show a reasonable

probability that Shilling’s conduct interfered with the jury’s verdict.      See Landry, 706
S.W.3d at 112. The court did not abuse its discretion in denying his motion for a mistrial.

See Pierce, 234 S.W.3d at 268. We overrule the second issue.

                             SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE

         The standard of review for a factual sufficiency claim was revisited by the Court of

Criminal Appeals in Watson v. State, 204 S.W.3d. 404, 414-17 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).

         We, as the reviewing court, ask whether a neutral review of all the evidence, though

legally sufficient, demonstrates either that the proof of guilt is so weak or that conflicting

Blasingame v. State                                                                   Page 5
evidence is so strong as to render the jury's verdict clearly wrong and manifestly unjust.

Id. at 414-15; Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 11 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). The court reviews the

evidence weighed by the jury that tends to prove the existence of the elemental fact in

dispute and compares it with the evidence that tends to disprove that fact. Johnson, 23
S.W.3d at 7 (quoting Jones v. State, 944 S.W.2d 642, 647 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996)). The

appellate court “does not indulge in inferences or confine its view to evidence favoring

one side of the case. Rather, it looks at all the evidence on both sides and then makes a

predominantly intuitive judgment. . . .” Id. (quoting William Powers and Jack Ratliff,

Another Look at “No Evidence” and “Insufficient Evidence,” 69 TEXAS L. REV. 515, 519 (1991)).

        The nature of a factual sufficiency review authorizes an appellate court, although to

a very limited degree, to act as the so-called “thirteenth juror” to review the fact finder’s

weighing of the evidence and disagree with the fact finder’s determination. Watson, 204
S.W.3d at 417 (citing Tibbs v. Florida, 457 U.S. 31, 42-3, 102 S. Ct. 2211, 2218, 72 L. Ed. 2d 652

(1982), and Meraz v. State, 785 S.W.2d 146, 156 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990)). If an appellate

court concludes that the evidence is factually insufficient, however, it must clearly state

why it has reached that conclusion. Johnson, 23 S.W.3d at 7 (citing Pool v. Ford Motor Co.,

715 S.W.2d 629, 635 (Tex. 1986)).

        In his final issue, Appellant argues that the evidence shows that he discarded the

gas can before the scuffle and therefore he was not in the course of committing theft. He

also says that it is equally likely that he was taking the gas can to fill it with gas to

purchase both, and that his conduct is consistent with a lack of intent to commit a crime,

noting that he came back to look for his ring instead of running away.

Blasingame v. State                                                                    Page 6
         The State points to evidence that the gas can fell out of Appellant’s pants only after

the store employee requested that he take it out and after the scuffle began. Videotape of

the incident was played for the jury. The State urges that a high degree of skepticism is

required to overturn a jury verdict and that Appellant has not demonstrated that the

verdict is clearly wrong and manifestly unjust. See Watson, 204 S.W.3d at 414, 417.

         The question before us is whether the evidence, viewed in a neutral light, is so weak

that the finding that Appellant was in the course of committing theft is clearly wrong and

manifestly unjust. See id. at 414. We defer to the jury’s resolution of this issue. We

conclude that the evidence is not so weak as to undermine our confidence in the verdict;

thus we cannot say that it is clearly wrong and manifestly unjust. 1 We overrule the third

issue.

                                          CONCLUSION

         Having overruled Appellant’s three issues in this appeal, we affirm the judgment of

the trial court.

                                                     BILL VANCE
                                                     Justice

Before Chief Justice Gray,
       Justice Vance, and
       Justice Reyna
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed November 12, 2008
Do not publish
[CRPM]

1We found in Hawkins v. State, 214 S.W.3d 668, 670 (Tex. App.—Waco 2007, no pet.), that asportation—the
act of carrying away or removing property—is not a statutory element of theft. Thus, the offense can be
complete without actual removal of the property from the owner’s premises.

Blasingame v. State                                                                           Page 7