Court Opinion

ID: 23349
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 08:08:50+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:04:34.530359
License: Public Domain

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                         FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

                              No. 00-40435

     IRMA GUERRA,
                                        Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                   v.

     UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC.,

                                        Defendant-Appellee.

           _________________________________________________
              Appeal from the United States District Court
          for the Southern District of Texas, Corpus Christi
                               C-98-CV-528
           _________________________________________________
                            February 13, 2001

Before JOLLY, MAGILL* and BENAVIDES, Circuit Judges.

BENAVIDES, Circuit Judge:**

     Irma Guerra worked for the United Parcel Service for twelve

years as a package car driver in UPS’ Corpus Christi facility.

An essential element of her job is that she be able to lift

seventy pounds.     In fact, all of the positions at the Corpus

Christi location require that an employee lift seventy pounds.

UPS employees are allowed to seek assistance from either the

customer or an employee in the central office to lift packages

exceeding seventy pounds.

     *
      Circuit Judge of the Eighth Circuit, sitting by
designation.
     **
      Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the Court has determined that
this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except
under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
     In May 1996, Guerra suffered a back injury which left her

permanently restricted by her doctor to lifting no more than

fifty pounds.    From May 1996 until August 1996, UPS allowed

Guerra to do temporary “light-duty” work.     UPS, however, would

not permit Guerra to return to her position as a package car

driver.    Guerra is seeking relief under the Americans with

Disability Act of 1990 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of

1964.    Guerra claims that she was not allowed to return to her

position because of her disability and that similarly situated

male employees were treated more favorably than she.     The

district court granted summary judgment in favor of UPS on all

issues.    Guerra now appeals.

     We review a district court's grant of summary judgment de

novo, applying the same standard of review as would the district

court.    See Ellison v. Connor, 153 F.3d 247, 251 (5th Cir.1998).

Summary judgment is only proper when there is not a genuine issue

as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as

a matter of law.    See id.   The evidence is viewed in a light most

favorable to the non-movant.      See Cardinal Towing & Auto Repair,

Inc. v. City of Bedford, 180 F.3d 686, 690 (5th Cir. 1999).

                                   ADA

     To prevail on a discrimination claim under the ADA, Guerra

must prove that 1) she has a disability; 2) she is a qualified

individual for the position; and 3) there was an adverse

employment decision.    Turco v. Hoechst Celanese Corp., 101 F.3d
1090, 1092 (5th Cir. 1996).      The ADA defines a disability as “(A)

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a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or

more of the major life activities of such individual; (B) a

record of such an impairment; or (C) being regarded as having

such an impairment.”    42 U.S.C. § 12102(2).

     Despite her acknowledgment that this court reviews this case

de novo, Guerra first argues that she has a disability under the

ADA in her reply brief.    She asserts that because the district

court assumed in its decision that she was disabled, this court

must also assume as such.    In the statement of facts, however,

Guerra contends that her doctor determined that she was

permanently restricted to lifting less than fifty pounds.

Assuming arguendo that this is enough to sustain her burden that

she in fact suffers from a disability, she has not presented

issues of material fact that support the remaining requirements

of her prima facie case under the ADA.

     Guerra contends that she is a “qualified individual” as

required by the ADA, because the requirement to lift seventy

pounds is an arbitrary standard and not truly an essential

element of her job.    A “qualified individual” under the ADA

means:

     an individual with a disability who, with or without
     reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential
     functions of the employment position that such
     individual holds or desires.   For the purposes of this
     subchapter, consideration shall be given to the
     employer’s judgment as to what functions of a job are
     essential . . . .

42 U.S.C. § 12111(8).    Guerra’s job description requires that she

be able to lift seventy pounds.    Guerra acknowledges that there

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are packages she delivers which weigh seventy pounds.    Moreover,

the requirement is contained in all job descriptions at the

Corpus Christi facility.   In fact, in the Joint Pretrial Order,

signed by the attorneys for both Guerra and UPS, the parties set

forth as an admission of fact that there is no genuine dispute

that “the ability to lift seventy (70) pounds is an essential job

function for a UPS delivery driver including a package car

driver.”   Given the relatively small size of the Corpus Christi

facility, UPS has consistently required that employees be able to

lift seventy pounds and has not waived this lifting requirement

for other permanent employees.   Moreover, “[Congress] provided

that whenever an employer gives written descriptions of the

essential function of a job, those descriptions are entitled to

substantial deference.”    Riel v. Electronic Data Sys. Corp., 99
F.3d 678, 682 (5th Cir. 1996); 42 U.S.C. § 12111(8).

     Nonetheless, Guerra contends that with reasonable

accommodation she could perform this function of her job.    “[T]he

term ‘discriminate’ in the context of the ADA ‘includes not

making reasonable accommodations to the known physical or mental

limitations for an otherwise qualified individual with a

disability . . . .”    Gammage v. West Jasper School Board of

Education, 179 F.3d 952, 954 (5th Cir. 1999).   For example, she

suggests that UPS could provide her with dollies and lifts or

that it could allow her to ask for help from the customer or

other employees when the package weighs more than fifty pounds.

Alternatively she argues that UPS could put her on a route with

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traditionally lighter packages or combine clerical or car washing

positions to create a full time position for her.    Moreover,

Guerra assets that UPS did not engage in an interactive process

to find a way to accommodate her disability.

     “The ADA does not require an employer to relieve an employee

of an essential function of his or her job, modify those duties,

reassign existing employees to perform those jobs, or hire new

employees to do so.”     Burch v. City of Nacogdoches, 174 F.3d 615,

621 (5th Cir. 1999); Robertson v. Neuromedical Ctr., 161 F.3d
292, 295 (5th Cir. 1998).     Even if UPS were to provide Guerra

with a lift and dollies, it is unclear how Guerra would then be

able to put the package on the dolly, bring the dolly up stairs

or lift the package off the dolly.     Moreover, UPS has no duty to

have someone else do Guerra’s job to accommodate her disability.

The essential function of her job is to lift up to seventy

pounds, requiring someone else to lift packages weighing more

than 50 pounds is not accommodating her disability to allow her

to do the essential function of her job, but merely hiring

someone else to do it.

     We have held that an employer is not required to create

light duty jobs to accommodate disabled employees.     Foreman v.

The Babcock and Wilcox Co., 117 F.3d 800, 809 (5th Cir. 1997);

Turco v. Hoechst Celanese Chemical Group, Inc., 101 F.3d 1090,

1094 (5th Cir. 1996).      “For the accommodation of a reassignment

to be reasonable, it is clear that a position must first exist

and be vacant.   Under the ADA, an employer is not required to

                                   5
give what it does not have.”   Foreman, 117 F.3d at 810.     In fact,

      [the employer] would not be obligated to accommodate
      [the employee] by reassigning him to a new position.
      “We do not read the ADA as requiring affirmative action
      in favor of individuals with disabilities, in the sense
      of requiring disabled persons be given priority in
      hiring or reassignment over those who are not disabled.
      It prohibits employment discrimination against
      qualified individual with disabilities, no more and no
      less.”

Id.    Thus, UPS has no duty under the ADA to create a position

for Guerra or to hire someone else to do her job.

      Guerra also argues that UPS refused to engage in the

interactive process which is why UPS failed to find a way to

accommodate her.   “When an employer’s unwillingness to engage in

a good faith interactive process leads to a failure to reasonably

accommodate an employee, the employer violates the ADA.”

Loulseged v. Akzo Nobel Inc., 178 F.3d 731, 736 (5th Cir. 1999).

The employer, however, need only engage in an informal

interactive process.   Id. at 736.    The record reflects that UPS

did indeed engage in this process — it did so through letters,

phone calls and the scheduling of a   medical examination to

determine if any reassignment would be possible.

      In the instant case, all permanent positions in the Corpus

Christi facility require as an essential element of the position

that the employee be able to lift seventy pounds.   There are no

permanent clerical or car washing positions available in the

Corpus Christi facility.    Accordingly, Guerra is not a qualified

employee as a matter of law under the ADA and has therefore

failed to show a prima facie case of disability discrimination

                                 6
under the ADA.

                              TITLE VII

     Under Title VII, it is unlawful “for an employer . . . to

fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or

otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to

his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment,

because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex or

national origin.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(1).    To establish a

prima facie case for a gender discrimination claim Guerra must

show 1) she was in a protected class; 2) she was qualified for

her position; 3) she suffered an adverse employment action; and

4) male employees were treated more favorably in similar

circumstances.    Rutherford v. Harris County, Texas, 197 F.3d 173

(5th Cir 1999).   To show similar circumstances, the employees’

situations must be “nearly identical.”    Mayberry v. Vought

Aircraft, 55 F.3d 1086, 1090 (5th Cir. 1995).

     Guerra claims that male employees were treated more

favorably than she.   As support, however, Guerra uses examples of

individuals in different circumstances than she.    For example,

one man was disabled because of his sight and could no longer be

a driver.   He was, however, still able to lift seventy pounds and

therefore, UPS kept him as a full time employee in a different

position.   Guerra also points to an employee who was restricted

to lifting no more than 50 pounds, but nonetheless, UPS created a

full time car washing position for him.   This employee, however,

worked in the larger Houston facility where light duty positions

                                  7
were available.   In the smaller Corpus Christi facility, no

permanent positions exist or are available that do not require an

employee to lift seventy pounds.       The third male employee to

whom Guerra compares herself did not have a permanent injury and

returned to his position only after his lifting restriction was

waived by his doctor. Guerra has not shown that a fact issue

exists with respect to treatment of similarly situated employees

and has not supported her prima facie case.

      Assuming however, that Guerra has established a prima facie

case, UPS has articulated a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason

for terminating Guerra’s employment.       See McDonnell-Douglas v.

Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802-04 (1973).      UPS’ burden in this regard

“is one of production, not persuasion; it ‘can involve no

credibility assessment.’”   Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products,

Inc., 120 S. Ct. 2097, 2106 (2000)(citations omitted).      If UPS

satisfies this burden, the burden shifts back to Guerra, who must

prove that “the legitimate reasons offered by the defendant were

not its true reasons, but were a pretext for discrimination.”

Id.

        In regard to pretext, the Court held that “[t]he ultimate

question is whether ‘the employer intentionally discriminated,

and proof that the employer’s proffered reason is unpersuasive or

even obviously contrived, does not necessarily establish that the

plaintiff’s proffered reason   . . . is correct.’”     Reeves, 120 S.

Ct. at 2107.   “In other words, ‘it is not enough . . . to

disbelieve the employer, the fact finder must believe the

                                   8
plaintiff’s explanation of intentional discrimination.’”      Id. at

2108.   “A plaintiff’s prima facie case, combined with sufficient

evidence to find that the employer’s asserted justification is

false, may permit the trier of fact to conclude that the employer

unlawfully discriminated.”   Id. at 2109.      “This is not to say

that such a showing by the plaintiff will always be adequate to

sustain a jury’s finding of liability.    Certainly there will be

instances where, although the plaintiff has established a prima

facie case and set forth sufficient evidence to reject the

defendant’s explanation, no rational factfinder could conclude

that the action was discriminatory.”     Id.

     UPS contends that Guerra was terminated because she was not

able to perform essential functions of her job.     Guerra offers no

evidence that this reason is pretextual or that the real reason

was discriminatory.   There is no evidence that the seventy-pound

restriction was waived for any permanent male employee at a

facility the size of Corpus Christi.   There is no evidence that

UPS discriminated against her because she was a female.     Thus,

Guerra has not shown that an issue of material fact exists with

regard to gender discrimination.

     Accordingly, we AFFIRM the district court’s granting of

summary judgment in favor of UPS.

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