Court Opinion

ID: 9962435
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-23 17:00:35.074711+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:20:53.523708
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                   MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

NATHAN CONRAD,                                  DOCKET NUMBER
            Appellant,                          NY-0752-20-0225-I-1

             v.

DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS                          DATE: April 22, 2024
  AFFAIRS,
            Agency.

        THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

      Jesse L. Kelly, II , Esquire, Atlanta, Georgia, for the appellant.

      Justina L. Lillis , Esquire, Buffalo, New York, for the agency.

                                      BEFORE

                           Cathy A. Harris, Chairman
                        Raymond A. Limon, Vice Chairman

                                  FINAL ORDER

      The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
affirmed his indefinite suspension. Generally, we grant petitions such as this one
only in the following circumstances:        the initial decision contains erroneous
findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous
interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to
1
   A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                    2

the facts of the case; the administrative judge’s rulings during either the course of
the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent with required procedures or
involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of
the case; or new and material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite
the petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record closed. Title 5
of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).
After fully considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner
has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for
review. Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial
decision, which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

                                  BACKGROUND
      The appellant is a GS-9 Firefighter (Paramedic) for the agency’s Bath
Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 4 at 21. On
July 28, 2020, a Steuben County, New York grand jury indicted the appellant on
seven felony charges and one misdemeanor charge.         Id. at 33-40. The felony
charges included two counts of Criminal Possession of a Controlled Substance,
two counts Criminal Sale of a Controlled Substance, and one count each of
Hindering Prosecution, Tampering with Physical Evidence, and Unlawful Grand
Jury Disclosure. Id. at 33-38, 40. The misdemeanor charge was for Unlawful
Disclosure of an Indictment. Id. at 39.
      On August 7, 2020, the agency proposed the appellant’s indefinite
suspension under 5 U.S.C. chapter 75, based on the July 28, 2020 indictments.
Id. at 28-29.    After the appellant responded, the agency issued a decision
indefinitely suspending him “effective August 25, 2020, until the completion of
the law enforcement investigation and any related judicial proceedings pertaining
to this conduct.” Id. at 21-27.
      The appellant filed a Board appeal, contesting the agency’s action on nexus
and penalty grounds. IAF, Tab 1, Tab 24. He raised no affirmative defenses.
                                                                                  3

After a hearing, the administrative judge issued an initial decision affirming the
indefinite suspension. IAF, Tab 28, Initial Decision (ID). She found that the
indefinite suspension was imposed for an authorized reason and that it had an
ascertainable end. ID at 4. She further found that, given the nature and duties of
the appellant’s position and public knowledge of the matter, the criminal
indictments bore a nexus to the efficiency of the service and the penalty was
reasonable. ID at 5-6.
      The appellant has filed a petition for review, contesting the administrative
judge’s findings on nexus and penalty. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1
at 5-7. The agency has filed a response. PFR File, Tab 3.

                                   ANALYSIS
      An indefinite suspension is valid when (1) there is reasonable cause to
believe that the employee committed a crime for which a sentence of
imprisonment may be imposed; (2) the suspension has an ascertainable end;
(3) there is a nexus between the criminal charge and the efficiency of the service;
and (4) the penalty is reasonable. Albo v. U.S. Postal Service, 104 M.S.P.R. 166,
¶ 6 (2006).
      We agree with the administrative judge that, based on the July 28, 2020
indictments, the agency had reasonable cause to believe that the appellant
committed crimes for which a sentence of imprisonment might be imposed. ID
at 4. Specifically, the appellant was charged under New York law with various
class B and E felonies, as well as a class B misdemeanor, all of which carry the
potential for a sentence of imprisonment. IAF, Tab 4 at 33-40; N.Y. Penal Law
§§ 70.00, 70.15, 70.70. Further, because the appellant was indicted following an
investigation and grand jury proceedings, rather than being merely charged or
arrested, there is sufficient evidence of possible misconduct to meet the threshold
requirement of reasonable cause to suspend. See Dunnington v. Department of
Justice, 956 F.2d 1151 (Fed. Cir. 1992). The appellant does not challenge the
                                                                                    4

administrative judge’s findings on these issues, and we find no reason to disturb
them.
        The administrative judge also found that the indefinite suspension had an
ascertainable end, i.e., the completion of the law enforcement investigation and
any related judicial proceedings. ID at 4. The appellant declines to contest this
finding on review, and we find that it is supported both by the evidence and the
law. PFR File, Tab 1 at 5; IAF, Tab 4 at 22; see Novak v. Department of the
Treasury, 12 M.S.P.R. 455, 458 (1982) (finding that the appellant’s indefinite
suspension had an ascertainable end because the agency identified the resolution
of criminal proceedings as a condition subsequent), aff’d and remanded, 723 F.2d
97 (D.C. Cir. 1983) (Table).
        Regarding nexus, the administrative judge found a connection between the
criminal charges and the efficiency of the service because the matter had been
publicized in the local community and the agency had lost trust and confidence in
the appellant’s ability to carry out his duty of providing lifesaving medical
treatment in emergency situations.      ID at 5; IAF, Tab 4 at 22, Tab 7 at 8.
Regarding penalty, the administrative judge found that indefinite suspension was
within the tolerable limits of reasonableness in light of the agency’s concerns
about patient care and the medical center’s reputation. ID at 5-6. The appellant
challenges the administrative judge’s findings on nexus and penalty, both under
essentially the same theory.
        Specifically, the appellant alleges that, prior to the July 28, 2020
indictments, he was indicted on October 8, 2019, for Criminal Possession of a
Controlled Substance and Criminal Sale of a Controlled Substance. 2 PFR File,

2
  The appellant’s account of this matter is not well-supported by the record evidence.
See Pupis v. U.S. Postal Service, 105 M.S.P.R. 1, ¶ 5 (2007) (“The statements of a
party’s representative in a pleading do not constitute evidence.”). For instance, the
record does not contain any copies of these prior indictments, and the administrative
judge largely disallowed testimony about the matter on grounds of relevance.
For purposes of our analysis, we will assume, without deciding, that the events
transpired as the appellant alleges.
                                                                                    5

Tab 1 at 5; IAF, Tab 1 at 4. However, the agency did not elect to suspend him at
that time, but instead detailed him to a different position.       Id.   The agency
eventually returned him to his Firefighter position on May 30, 2020, shortly
before the October 8, 2019 indictment was dismissed. IAF, Tab 8 at 6. As we
understand it, the appellant is arguing that the agency essentially admitted that his
2020 criminal charges did not bear a nexus to the efficiency of the service
because it declined to take action against him based on similar charges in 2019.
PFR File, Tab 1 at 6.      We also understand him to argue that if detail to a
non-Firefighter position was an appropriate penalty for his 2019 criminal charges,
it should also have been an appropriate penalty for his 2020 criminal charges. Id.
at 7.
        Addressing the issue of nexus first, we are not persuaded that the agency’s
actions or inactions in the wake of the appellant’s October 8, 2019 indictment
serve to prevent it from proving nexus as to his July 28, 2020 indictment. It is
well-established that an agency may meet its burden of establishing a nexus
linking an employee’s off-duty misconduct with the efficiency of the service by
showing that the misconduct at issue adversely affected the agency’s trust and
confidence in his job performance.          Beasley v. Department of Defense,
52 M.S.P.R. 272, 274-75 (1992). The record shows that the agency in this case
harbored such concerns, and we find that these concerns were justifiable. IAF,
Tab 4 at 22; Hearing Recording, Track 3 (HR 3) at 4:50, 6:35 (testimony of the
deciding official). An agency may also establish nexus by showing that off-duty
misconduct adversely affected the agency’s mission by being directly opposed to
that mission or by detracting from public trust and confidence in the agency.
Kruger v. Department of Justice, 32 M.S.P.R. 71, 74-75 (1987). The record in
this case shows that a large part of Bath Medical Center’s mission involves
helping patients combat drug addiction and that the appellant’s alleged off-duty
criminal activity was publicized and known throughout the local community, thus
establishing nexus under this theory as well. Hearing Recording, Track 2 (HR 2)
                                                                                         6

at 12:00 (testimony of the proposing official); HR 3 at 6:35 (testimony of the
deciding official).
         In any event, the appellant himself admits that the agency did take some
action following the October 8, 2019 indictment by detailing him out of his
position for a time. PFR File, Tab 1 at 5. This alone is sufficient to show that the
agency believed that the prior indictment bore some connection to the efficiency
of the service. The record also contains other evidence showing that the agency
took the matter very seriously; the agency proposed the appellant’s removal on
October 25, 2019, although it ultimately withdrew the proposal. 3             IAF, Tab 8
at 18. Furthermore, even after it rescinded the proposed removal and returned the
appellant to his position of record, the agency still mandated that he undergo drug
rehabilitation and follow-up testing, and it proposed to suspend him for 5 days for
his October 2019 use of illegal drugs. 4 Id. at 19-21.        In light of these facts, we
are unpersuaded by the appellant’s argument that the agency did not find a nexus
between his prior off-duty misconduct and the efficiency of the service.
         Turning to the issue of penalty, we observe, as an initial matter, that it
hardly benefits       the   appellant’s case    that he narrowly escaped serious
repercussions for similar misconduct less than 1 year before.            See Douglas v.
Veterans Administration, 5 M.S.P.R. 280, 305 (1981) (holding that the repetition
of an offense is a relevant factor to consider in a penalty analysis).
Furthermore, the Board has held that there often will be a range of penalties that
would fall within the tolerable limits of reasonableness in a given case, and that
an agency’s choice to impose a penalty at the more lenient end of that range in
one case should not mean that it cannot impose a penalty at the more severe end
of that range in another case. Singh v. U.S. Postal Service, 2022 MSPB 15, ¶ 18.

3
  It appears that the agency held its removal decision in abeyance pending the outcome
of an internal whistleblower complaint that the appellant had filed, and that it ultimately
rescinded the proposal due to the amount of time that had elapsed without a decision.
HR 2 at 31:05 (testimony of the deciding official).
4
    The record does not seem to reveal what became of the proposed 5-day suspension.
                                                                                     7

Likewise, we find that the agency in this case is not prevented from selecting two
different but reasonable courses of action for two different but similar incidents
of misconduct by the same employee. This is especially so in this case, in which
the agency’s first course of action was to give the appellant the benefit of the
doubt and a chance to reestablish his trustworthiness and reliability, only for the
appellant to, apparently, reoffend within the year. Considering the gravity of the
criminal charges and their relation to the appellant’s duties, position, and
responsibilities, we agree with the administrative judge that indefinite suspension
was a reasonable penalty under the circumstances.          ID at 5-6; see Jones v.
Department of the Interior, 97 M.S.P.R. 282, ¶ 13 (2004) (stating that, in
considering the reasonableness of the penalty, the Board places primary
importance upon the nature and seriousness of the offense and its relation to the
appellant’s duties, position, and responsibilities); see also Harding v. Department
of Veterans Affairs, 115 M.S.P.R. 284, ¶ 22 (2010) (affirming the appellant’s
indefinite suspension based on indictment for drug-related felonies), aff’d, 451 F.
App’x 947 (Fed. Cir. 2011).
      Finally, the appellant argues that the administrative judge abused her
discretion by not allowing him to impeach the testimony of the proposing and
deciding officials. PFR File, Tab 1 at 6. The appellant seems to be referring to
an exchange with the deciding official regarding the reasons for the detail
assignment. The deciding official testified that the detail assignment was based
on the results of a drug test that the agency administered shortly after it learned of
the appellant’s October 8, 2019 indictment.      HR 3 at 15:05 (testimony of the
deciding official). The appellant’s counsel claimed that he was in possession of a
declaration by the deciding official stating that the appellant was detailed because
of the positive drug test and other (unspecified) reasons, thereby contradicting the
proposing and deciding officials’ earlier testimony.         HR 3 at 18:15.       The
administrative judge disallowed the introduction of this document.             HR 3
at 22:45.
                                                                                      8

      A petition for review must identify any procedural or adjudicatory errors
and explain how they affected the outcome of the initial decision.              Special
Counsel v. Coffman, 124 M.S.P.R. 130, ¶ 18 n.6 (2017). Here, the appellant has
not provided a copy of the declaration in question with his petition for review or
described its contents with sufficient specificity for us to determine whether his
substantive rights may have been prejudiced by its exclusion. See Karapinka v.
Department of Energy, 6 M.S.P.R. 124, 127 (1981) (stating that an administrative
judge’s procedural error is of no legal consequence unless it is shown to have
adversely affected a party’s substantive rights). Therefore, we discern no basis to
disturb the initial decision based on this allegation of error.
      Accordingly, we affirm the initial decision.

                         NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 5
      You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By
statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such
review and the appropriate forum with which to file.              5 U.S.C. § 7703(b).
Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit
Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most
appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a
statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their
jurisdiction.   If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should
immediately review the law applicable to your claims and carefully follow all
filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file within the applicable time
limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum.
      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions

5
  Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                         9

about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general . As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.                5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit   your   petition    to   the   court    at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or    EEOC    review    of   cases      involving   a   claim      of
discrimination . This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
                                                                                10

judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims —by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court ( not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.    5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. 420 (2017). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the district court no later than 30 calendar days after your representative
receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of discrimination based on
race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling condition, you may be
entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and to waiver of any
requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security.        See 42 U.S.C.
§ 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx .
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues . 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                         Office of Federal Operations
                  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                               P.O. Box 77960
                          Washington, D.C. 20013
                                                                                     11

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review     pursuant   to   the    Whistleblower      Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012 . This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section
2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i),
(B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either with the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 6   The court of appeals must receive your petition for
review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                                 U.S. Court of Appeals
                                 for the Federal Circuit
                                717 Madison Place, N.W.
                                Washington, D.C. 20439
6
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115-195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                              12

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx .

FOR THE BOARD:                        ______________________________
                                      Gina K. Grippando
                                      Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.