Court Opinion

ID: 9753774
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-28 19:27:49.803318+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:54:16.349799
License: Public Domain

SCOLNIK, Justice,
with whom McKU-SICK, Chief Justice, joins, dissenting.
I respectfully dissent. In the limited situation where an insured employer and the employee are the same person, it is my view that it is not inconsistent with the purposes of the Worker’s Compensation Act to define the term “employer” in section 63 to include insurer, thus requiring the self-employed claimant to give notice of the work-related injury to his compensation insurance carrier within thirty days there-from.
Title 39, section 63 of the Maine Revised Statutes Annotated (1978) provides:
No proceedings for compensation under this Act, except as provided, shall be maintained unless a notice of the injury shall have been given within 30 days after the date thereof. Such notice shall include the time, place and cause, and the nature of the injury, together with the name and address of the person injured. It shall be given by the person injured or by a person on his behalf; or, in the event of his death, by his legal representatives, or by a dependent or by a person in behalf of either.
Such notice shall be given to the employer, or to one employer if there are more employers than one; or, if the employer is a corporation, to any official thereof; or to any employee designated by the employer as one to whom reports of accidents to employees should be made. It may be given to the general superintendent or to the foreman in charge of the particular work being done by the employee at the time of the injury.
The structure of the statute is significant. The first paragraph contains the requirement of notice without designating the party to whom it shall be given. It is clearly discernible that the Legislature’s purpose in requiring notice was to ensure that the Act be administered in a manner that is fair to the party who would be disadvantageously affected if the claimant prevailed. The second paragraph of section 63 specifies the parties to whom a notice may be given in order to satisfy the requirement of notice to the employer. The Act further provides that if the employer is insured, the term “employer” includes the insurer “unless the contrary intent is apparent from the context or [if such inclusion] is inconsistent with the purposes of this Act.” 39 M.R.S.A. § 2(1) (1978). I find no plausible basis for concluding that this definition of employer requires that we exclude the insurer on the ground that the context of the statute requires it or that its inclusion in some way frustrates the purposes of the Act.
I agree with the Court that the purpose of the notice requirement contained in section 63 is to allow the employer to conduct a timely investigation of the circumstances of the accident, to determine whether an injury has indeed occurred, and, if so, the extent of the injury and whether it was work-related. See, e.g., Clark v. DeCoster Egg Farms, 421 A.2d 939, 942 (Me.1980). Since the employer is ordinarily responsible for providing benefits for work-related injuries, the notice requirement incorporates a basic fairness principle of affording the employer the opportunity to protect himself against a false, mistaken or stale claim. Where the claimant is self-employed, however, the insured employer has little motivation to protect himself against a claim made in his other capacity because his interests as employee far outweigh his interests as employer.
In these limited circumstances involving an inherent conflict of interest, the purpose *782of section 63 dictates that the compensation carrier receive timely notice as the real party in interest who is exposed to harm by a claimant’s unfounded or stale claim. The argument that information concerning the existence and name of a compensation carrier might not be available to most employees, is untenable in the ease of a self-employed claimant who would obviously be knowledgeable in this regard. Accordingly, to require notice to the insurer is not inconsistent with the purposes of the Act because it allows the real adverse party to protect his interests by having early notice of the injury.
I do not accept the Court’s statement that the policy behind the Act’s notice provision is in direct competition with the basic remedial purpose of providing compensation for work-related injuries, because, in my view, these two purposes were intended to coexist. The Legislature clearly intended to provide that benefits be paid to an employee injured in the work place and that notice be given to the employer within thirty days of the injury. In no circumstances can this notice requirement be subverted by weighing its policy purpose against that of affording compensation to the employee and concluding that the latter must predominate. Murray v. T.W. Dick Co., 398 A.2d 390, 391 (Me.1979). For this reason the Court’s reliance on DeCoster is misplaced. The balancing process was justified in DeCoster not to eviscerate the requirement that a thirty day notice be given, but rather to decide whether that particular notice met the substantive requirements of the statute. It was undisputed that the notice was timely. The real disagreement related to the sufficiency of its contents. Clark v. DeCoster Egg Farms, 421 A.2d at 942-43. Only in that context is it appropriate to weigh these coexisting policies of the Act.
Furthermore, in applying section 63 to this case the Court concludes without justification that in the absence of demonstrated prejudice, the claim is not barred. This unwarranted superimposition of a judicial gloss upon the statutory notice provision is the result of the Court’s erroneous implication that if the parties in Murray v. T. W. Dick Co., 398 A.2d 390, had stipulated, as was done here, that the injury was work-related, the employee, despite his failure to give timely notice, would not have been barred from receiving compensation. See At 779. Contrary to the? Court’s conclusion, the case before us is indistinguishable from Murray, because both cases involve untimely notice. Nowhere in the Act or in relevant decisions by this Court do I find any suggestion that the notice provision is not fully effective if prejudice is not shown. In the absence of statutory language that nullifies the requirement of notice where no prejudice has been demonstrated, the Court should refrain from creating a notice provision exception in order to decide this case. Our analysis should simply focus on whether it is inconsistent with the Act’s purposes to define employer to include the compensation insurer.
Analyzing the matter along these lines, it is difficult to perceive how notice from a self-employed claimant to the insurer as the real party in interest is any more at cross-purposes with the remedial objectives of the Act than notice to the employer would be in the ordinary situation where the employer and employee are not the same individual. Notice to the compensation carrier is also not inconsistent with the statute’s purpose in providing notice. The inconsistency question is not simply resolved by relying on the basic remedial purpose of affording compensation for victims of work-related injuries in such a way as to render meaningless the coexisting requirement of notice that was included as a “trade-off” in the statutory scheme which was designed to afford to all parties in interest a reasonable degree of protection.
Finally, in examining the purposes of section 63, the Court is heavily influenced by the facts of this particular case and arrives at its conclusion to avoid imposing a *783harsh result on the employee.1 It opines that it is inconsistent with the Act to require notice to the compensation carrier because the purposes of the notice provision are here satisfied. The fact that the parties stipulated that Daigle sustained a work-related injury should be deemed irrelevant to a statutory interpretation that will serve as precedent for future cases where the facts show that the purpose underlying the notice provision is not realized, for example, where a self-employed claimant has filed a questionable claim after all opportunity to investigate had passed. The Court’s fact-oriented analysis could thus lead to harsh or incongruous results that are equally abhorrent as those that the Court seeks to avoid in this case. The correct approach, therefore, is to determine whether it is consistent with the purposes of the notice requirement to include the insurer as a necessary notice recipient when the employee and employer are one and the same person; not, as the Court suggests, whether such an interpretation would bring about a harsh result in this particular case.
Accordingly, I would vacate the decision of the Appellate Division because it is entirely consistent with the Act to include insurers within the notice requirement of section 63 when the employer and employee are one and the same person.

. Any reliance on the decision of the Pennsylvania and Utah courts is misplaced because those states have no provision within their respective Acts similar to section 2(1) of our Act. Similarly, the actual knowledge requirements of section 64 have no application to this appeal. We are not asked to construe the term “employer" as used in section 64, but whether, as the Court articulated the issue, the self-employed plaintiff "was required to give notice of his work-related injury to Liberty Mutual within thirty days, pursuant to 39 M.R.S.A. § 63 (1978).” See At 778.