Court Opinion

ID: 4329013
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-08 17:00:29.210165+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:46:35.405575
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                    United States Court of Appeals
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        Tenth Circuit

                             FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                        November 8, 2018
                         _________________________________
                                                                        Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                            Clerk of Court
 ALBERTA R. J. JONES,

       Plaintiff - Appellant,

 v.                                                        No. 18-6035
                                                   (D.C. No. 5:17-CV-01287-HE)
 DONALD DAVID JONES; GEORGE                                (W.D. Okla.)
 BUTNER; DOUGLAS COMBS; CINDY
 FARRELL ASHWOOD; SHANDA L.
 ADAMS; RICK DANE MOORE &
 ASSOCIATES, PLLC; JAMES
 HODGENS; JOHN D. L. CLIFTON;
 SCOTT PHILLIP SPRATT; DOES 1
 THRU 10,

       Defendants - Appellees.
                      _________________________________

                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
                         _________________________________

Before LUCERO, KELLY, and PHILLIPS, Circuit Judges.
                  _________________________________

      Alberta Rose Josephine Jones, proceeding pro se, appeals from the district

court’s dismissal for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction and denial of leave to amend

her complaint. Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.

      *
        After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
      Ms. Jones brought a divorce suit against her husband in Oklahoma state court.

Her frustration with that suit led her to file a federal lawsuit against her husband and

Oklahoma judges and lawyers involved in the state suit (including her own lawyer).

Averring federal subject-matter jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 (federal

question jurisdiction) and 1332 (diversity jurisdiction), she challenged certain events

in the divorce proceeding as unconstitutional and stated that the defendants were

involved in a conspiracy to violate her rights. The district court concluded that

Ms. Jones had failed to establish federal subject-matter jurisdiction, denied leave to

amend the complaint, and dismissed the action. It then denied Ms. Jones’s motion

for reconsideration.

      We review a dismissal for lack of jurisdiction de novo. Lindstrom v. United

States, 510 F.3d 1191, 1193 (10th Cir. 2007). We review the denial of leave to

amend a complaint for abuse of discretion, except that we employ de novo review

when the ground for denial of amendment is futility. Moya v. Garcia, 895 F.3d 1229,

1239 (10th Cir. 2018). Because Ms. Jones appears pro se, we construe her filings

liberally, but “this court has repeatedly insisted that pro se parties follow the same

rules of procedure that govern other litigants.” Garrett v. Selby Connor Maddux &

Janer, 425 F.3d 836, 840 (10th Cir. 2005) (brackets and internal quotation marks

omitted). “[T]he court cannot take on the responsibility of serving as the litigant’s

attorney in constructing arguments and searching the record.” Id. (internal quotation

marks omitted).

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Federal Question Jurisdiction

      Ms. Jones asserts she brought a federal due process claim by challenging the

constitutionality of certain developments in the Oklahoma divorce action. But she

alleges violations of or inadequacy of state law, and such allegations generally fail to

state a federal due-process claim. See Guttman v. Khalsa, 669 F.3d 1101, 1115

(10th Cir. 2012) (“[A]lleged state law deficiencies, even if we accept them as true, do

not signify an unconstitutional denial of process.”); Rector v. City & Cty. of Denver,

348 F.3d 935, 947 (10th Cir. 2003) (stating an allegation that a municipal ordinance

violates state law, “[e]ven if true,” does not automatically “amount to a violation of

federal due process protections”).

      Ms. Jones also asserts that she brought a claim under 18 U.S.C. § 242 that the

district court ignored. Section 242 is a criminal statute, however, and as such it does

not create a private civil cause of action. See Robinson v. Overseas Military Sales

Corp., 21 F.3d 502, 511 (2d Cir. 1994); Cok v. Cosentino, 876 F.2d 1, 2 (1st Cir.

1989) (per curiam); see also Newcomb v. Ingle, 827 F.2d 675, 677 n.1 (10th Cir.

1987) (per curiam) (holding that there is no private right of action to enforce

18 U.S.C. § 241).

Diversity Jurisdiction

      Ms. Jones argues that she established diversity jurisdiction because her

husband is a citizen of California and she is a citizen of Oklahoma. But besides

suing her husband, she also sued Oklahoma citizens. Diversity jurisdiction requires

“complete diversity” – that is, each and every defendant must be a resident of a

                                           3
different state than the plaintiff. Grynberg v. Kinder Morgan Energy Ptrs., L.P.,

805 F.3d 901, 905 (10th Cir. 2015). Because Ms. Jones is an Oklahoma citizen and

some defendants are Oklahoma citizens, there is no diversity jurisdiction.

Remaining Issues

       Ms. Jones objects that the district court improperly converted defendants’

Fed. R. Civ. P. 11 motion into a motion to dismiss. The Rule 11 motion asserted a

lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, however, which defendants were entitled to do at

any stage of the litigation, see Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 506 (2006).

The district court did not err in promptly taking up the issue. Under Fed. R. Civ. P.

12(h)(3), “[i]f the court determines at any time that it lacks subject-matter

jurisdiction, the court must dismiss the action.”

       Ms. Jones also states that the district judge is biased, based on his “inaccurate

and prejudicial repeated statements against [her]” in this action and a previous action.

Aplt. Br. at 5. Her assertions, which refer to statements in the district court’s rulings,

are insufficient to establish bias. See Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555

(1994); United States v. Cooley, 1 F.3d 985, 993-94 (10th Cir. 1993).

       Finally, Ms. Jones asserts that her “request to file an amended complaint is not

futile as [she] has alleged sufficient facts to state a claim for relief that is facially

plausible.” Aplt. Br. at 13. But nothing in Ms. Jones’s filings indicates that she can

muster sufficient facts to state a plausible claim for relief that would invoke federal

subject-matter jurisdiction. Accordingly, the district court did not err in denying

leave to amend. See Moya, 895 F.3d at 1239.

                                              4
The district court’s judgment is affirmed.

                                     Entered for the Court

                                     Paul J. Kelly, Jr.
                                     Circuit Judge

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