Court Opinion

ID: 8406285
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-10-28 05:05:06.465625+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:47:10.881836
License: Public Domain

If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                 revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.

                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                    UNPUBLISHED
In re EDWARDS, Minors.                                              October 27, 2022

                                                                    No. 360850
                                                                    Kalamazoo Circuit Court
                                                                    Family Division
                                                                    LC No. 20-000102-NA

Before: SHAPIRO, P.J., and GADOLA and YATES, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

       Respondent appeals by right the trial court’s order terminating his parental rights to two
minor children. Respondent argues that the court failed to properly serve him with a summons
and notice of the termination hearing, at which he was not present. We agree, vacate the order of
termination and remand for further proceedings.

       Respondent was properly served with notice of the initial petition that did not seek
termination of his parental rights. The trial court assumed jurisdiction over the children after
respondent appeared before the court and entered a plea of admission. At issue is whether the
supplemental petition and summons for the termination hearing were served on respondent as
required by statute.

        Statutes requiring notice to parents in termination proceedings are strictly construed. See
In re Atkins, 237 Mich App 249, 251; 602 NW2d 594 (1999). MCL 712A.20 provides that

       [i]f the child is placed in the temporary custody of the court, no supplemental order
       of disposition providing permanent custody, or containing any other order of
       disposition shall be made except at a hearing pursuant to issuance of summons or
       notice as provided in [MCL 712A.12 and MCL 712A.13] or at a rehearing provided
       by section 19 of this chapter.

“A parent of a child who is the subject of a child protective proceeding is entitled to personal
service of a summons and notice of proceedings.” In re SZ, 262 Mich App 560, 565; 686 NW2d
520 (2004), citing in part MCL 712A.12. “A failure to provide notice of a termination proceeding
hearing by personal service as required by statute is a jurisdictional defect that renders all
proceedings in the trial court void.” In re Atkins, 237 Mich App at 251 (citations omitted). See

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also In re Terry, 240 Mich App 14, 21; 610 NW2d 563 (2000). If the court determines that personal
service is impracticable, the court may order “service by registered mail addressed to [the persons
summoned] last known addresses, or by publication thereof, or both . . . .” MCL 712A.13.

        In this case, petitioner moved for alternative service on the basis that personal service was
impracticable because of COVID-19, the unavailability of a process server, court closure, and
social distancing. The trial court granted the motion and ordered that the supplemental petition
and summons for the termination hearing be served on respondent via first-class mail. The proof
of service for these documents reflected that respondent was served by “ordinary mail,” rather than
registered mail. Accordingly, there is no evidence that respondent was served with the
supplemental petition and termination-hearing summons via personal service, registered mail, or
publication, as required by MCL 712A.13.

        Further, the notice appears to have been sent to the wrong address. On April 15, 2021, the
caseworker filed a notice of current address indicating that respondent’s address ended with a zip
code of 49348. On May 14, 2021, a document sent to respondent at this address was returned as
undeliverable.1 That document was resent using a different zip code, 49034, and no subsequent
return of document appears in the lower court file. Petitioner concedes on appeal that 49034 is the
correct zip code for respondent’s last known address. But the proof of service filed on August 12,
2021, for the summons of the termination hearing again lists the zip code for respondent’s address
as 49348, i.e., the zip code that resulted in a document sent to respondent being returned as
undeliverable. Although there is no indication in the record that the documents relating to the
termination hearing were returned as undeliverable, the use of the erroneous zip code does not
engender confidence that the notice was actually received by respondent.

       In any event, for the reasons discussed, service was not made in accordance with the
requirements of MCL 712A.13. Accordingly, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to terminate
respondent’s parental rights at the September 2021 termination hearing, and the court’s order
terminating respondent’s parental rights is void. See In re Atkins, 237 Mich App at 250-251.

        We vacate the trial court’s order terminating respondent’s parental rights and remand for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.

                                                              /s/ Douglas B. Shapiro
                                                              /s/ Michael F. Gadola
                                                              /s/ Christopher P. Yates

1
  The letter is labeled “NSN,” which means “no such number” and indicates that the piece of mail
is not deliverable as addressed.       United States Postal Service Link, What’s NSN?
 (accessed October 17, 2022).

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