Court Opinion

ID: 4591510
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:05:59.164684+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:50:41.140701
License: Public Domain

THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, SPECIAL ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ESTATE OF MARY B. LONGYEAR, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.First Nat'l Bank v. CommissionerDocket Nos. 36438, 46583.United States Board of Tax Appeals25 B.T.A. 252; 1932 BTA LEXIS 1548; January 20, 1932, Promulgated *1548  1.  During that part of the fiscal year of an estate which fell within the calendar year 1923, the estate made certain distributions to a beneficiary.  The beneficiary reported on the basis of cash receipts and a calendar year.  These distributions were no part of the gross income of the beneficiary for the calendar year 1924.  2.  Contributions to trusts held not deductible, where trusts were revocable at will of donor and where stated purposes included paying expenses of donor's residence.  Harold S. Davis, Esq., Francis V. Barstow, Esq., and R. Ammi Cutter, Esq., for the petitioner.  James L. Backstrom, Esq., for the respondent.  MURDOCK *252  The Commissioner determined deficiencies in the income tax liability of Mary B. Longyear as shown below: Docket No.YearAmount364381924$32,406.7919253,514.49465831926847.41These proceedings were brought by Mary B. Longyear.  After her death on March 14, 1931, the present petitioner was substituted.  The errors assigned are (1) the Commissioner included in the gross income of Mary B. Longyear for 1924 dividends amounting to $90,000 received by her during*1549  the year 1923 from the estate of John M. Longyear and (2) he has disallowed as deductions certain contributions made by Mary B. Longyear in 1924, 1925 and 1926 to the Longyear Foundation and the Eddy Historical Society.  The parties stipulated that the following is a correct statement of the facts involved in these proceedings: 1.  The petitioner is The First National Bank of Boston, Special Administrator of the estate of Mary B. Longyear, a deceased individual who formerly lived at 60 Leicester Street, Brookline, Massachusetts.  She was the widow of *253  John M. Longyear, deceased, who died a resident of Marquette, Michigan, on the 28th day of May, 1922, leaving a will which was duly admitted to probate by the Probate Court of Marquette County, Michigan.  In and by his said will the decedent gave, devised, and bequeathed to Mrs. Longyear one-third of his residuary estate, both real and personal, outright.  Owing to necessary litigation for the construction of said decedent's will and to the difficulties involved in the settlement of a very large estate, the executors were unable to complete the administration of the estate of said John M. Longyear until March 1, 1928, and*1550  during the whole period from May 28, 1922 to March 1, 1928, the estate was an estate in process of administration within the meaning of the term as used in Section 219 of the Revenue Act of 1924 and of the Revenue Act of 1926.  During the whole of this period, the executors continued to hold said estate and to pay to Mrs. Longyear her proportion of the income thereof.  2.  Subsequent to his death and until May 31, 1924, the executors of said will of John M. Longyear kept their books and made returns of the income of the estate of John M. Longyear on the basis of a fiscal year ending on May 31.  In 1924 said executors changed their accounting period to a calendar year basis, and obtained the permission of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue to file their income tax returns upon a calendar year basis.  To accomplish this change, they filed, on or about March 15, 1925, with the Collector of Internal Revenue for the then Fourth District of Michigan, returns covering the seven months period commencing June 1st, 1924, and ending December 31, 1924.  Mrs. Mary B. Longyear, during the years 1923 to 1926, inclusive, filed her income tax returns on a calendar year basis and paid the whole*1551  tax shown by each of said returns to be due, to the Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of Massachusetts.  All of said income tax returns were on a cash receipts and disbursements basis.  3.  Between June 1st and December 31, 1923, Mrs. Longyear received from the executors of the Estate of John M. Longyear, deceased, a portion of the dividends collected by them, amounting to $90,000.  These dividends were included in petitioner's return for the calendar year 1923, which was filed on or about March 15th, 1924, with said Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of Massachusetts, and the entire tax shown due thereon was paid.  4.  The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, in his deficiency letter dated January 20, 1928, has determined that said sum of ninety thousand dollars ($90,000) should have been returned by the petitioner in her return for her calendar year 1924 as part of the income received by her during that year, although the money was actually paid to the petitioner during the calendar year 1923.  5.  During the calendar years 1924 to 1926, inclusive, the petitioner contributed to a certain trust or foundation, variously known during said years as "Longyear*1552  Foundation", and "The Eddy Historical Society" and "Longyear Trust", the following sums: 1924$2,000.00192574,500.00192624,824.40The above contributions, with the exception of $5,500 which was inadvertently omitted in 1925, were included in the total contributions reported on petitioner's income tax returns for the respective years.  In each of these years, the total contributions exceeded the 15% limitation, and in each of said years the Commissioner *254  applied said 15% limitation, and also disallowed the following amounts as contributions to said trust: 1924$2,000.00192518,237.1819267,721.04Said trust was operating during the said calendar years 1924 to 1926, inclusive, under the following assignments and declarations of trust: 6.  On January 18th, 1923, an assignment and declaration of trust, a copy of which is hereunto annexed market "A", was executed by Mary B. Longyear, John V. Dittemore, Allan A. Beauchamp, Frederick P. Burrall and James F. Lord.  Thereafter, on February 18th, 1924, an instrument, a copy of which is hereunto annexed market "B", was executed.  On the same date a new assignment and declaration*1553  of trust, a copy of which is hereunto annexed marked "C", was executed by Mary Beecher Longyear, Frederick P. Burrall and Basil S. Noyce, the said assignment being amended on July 21, 1924 by an instrument included in Exhibit "C" at pages 22 to 27.  Thereafter on April 5th, 1926, was executed the instrument, a copy of which is hereunto annexed marked "D".  On the same date another assignment and declaration of trust, a copy of which is contained at page 3 and following of the document hereunto annexed marked "E", was executed by Mary B. Longyear, Emma C. Shipman, Irene Knox, A. Marguerite Smith and Myra Austin Sargent.  On December 11, 1928 the assignment and declaration of trust dated April 5th, 1926 was amended by a document signed by the same persons, dated December 11th, 1928, set out in full at page 27 and following of the document hereunto annexed marked "E".  7.  In each case of the revocation of an assignment and declaration of trust and the immediate execution of a new assignment and declaration of trust, none of the property comprising said trust was received by Mary B. Longyear for her personal use or devoted by her to purposes other than the immediate transfer to the*1554  trustees of the succeeding assignment and declaration of trust.  None of the above sums contributed by the petitioner in the calendar years 1924 to 1926, inclusive, has ever been returned to the petitioner.  8.  During none of said calendar years 1924 to 1926, inclusive, did any of the said trusts receive any net income and no part of the income of said trust has ever inured to the benefit of Mrs. Mary B. Longyear, or any other individual or shareholder.  The documents made a part of the stipulation and referred to therein as Exhibits A, B, C, D and E are lengthy and need not be set out in full.  OPINION.  MURDOCK: The decedent always made her income-tax returns on the basis of cash receipts and disbursements for a calendar year.  She used this method in reporting her income for the year 1924.  The first question is, Should an amount of $90,000, representing distributions which she received prior to January 1, 1924, from the executors of the estate of her deceased husband, be included in her gross income for 1924?  The respondent concedes that the period of administration or settlement of the estate of the deceased husband continued throughout the period here involved.  He*1555  points *255  to the fact that the estate of the deceased husband had a fiscal year which ended March 31, 1924, and these distributions were income of that estate for that fiscal year.  From these facts he argues that the beneficiary, who had a different taxable year from that of the estate, was required to return the amount received from the estate for her taxable year in which the taxable year of the estate ended, that is, for the year 1924.  The principal trouble with this contention is that it finds no support in the Revenue Act of 1924, which controls the question of the petitioner's income-tax liability for the year 1924.  See section 219 of the Revenue Act of 1924.  This was the kind of income mentioned in section 219(b)(3).  If, instead, it had been the kind of income mentioned in section 219(b)(2), then the respondent's contention would be correct, for section 219(e) provides: If the taxable year of a beneficiary is different from the estate or trust, the amount which he is required, under paragraph 2 of subdivision (b) of this section, to include in computing his net income shall be based upon the income of the estate or trust for its taxable year ending within his*1556  taxable year.  The fact that such a specific provision was made in this section of the act affecting the one kind of income and that there is no similar specific provision affecting the other, indicates very clearly that Congress intended that the kind of income here involved was to be reported by the beneficiary in accordance with the usual method used by her in reporting her income.  That method was to report only cash received.  Having received none in 1924, none had to be reported.  Section 219(d) of the Revenue Act of 1921 provided that a beneficiary who had a taxable year different from that of the estate was to report, as income for his taxable year within which the taxable year of the estate ended, any income of the estate during the period of administration or settlement which the fiduciary was permitted to deduct.  Thus, if this act were controlling in the present case, the contention of the respondent would be correct.  However, as we have said before, not the Revenue Act of 1921, but the Revenue Act of 1924 is controlling here.  Congress made a change in the later act from what it had provided in the earlier act.  Due to this change some income may escape taxation, *1557  but this fact is immaterial.  The provisions of the later act are clear, and the method of reporting income on the cash basis is well established.  The Commissioner erred in including the $90,000 in the decedent's income for 1924.  In discussing the remaining question, which has to do with the right of the decedent to deduct certain contributions made in each year, we will describe, in part at least, the various exhibits attached to the stipulation.  Mary B. Longyear was a party to two trust *256  instruments dated January 18, 1923, referred to in the stipulation as Exhibit A.  The one created a trust known as the Longyear Foundation.  In the other she assigned $5,000 to trustees and provided that they should pay the income of the trust to the Longyear Foundation.  She retained for herself alone the power at any time to revoke both of these trusts and to require the trustees to convey and assign to her all property held by them.  On February 18, 1924, she exercised this power by notifying the trustees to terminate the trusts and deliver the entire trust property to her.  (Exhibit B.) On February 18, 1924, she was a party to two new trust instruments.  (Exhibit C.) The one*1558  created a trust known as the "Eddy Historical Society." In the other she assigned to trustees the property received by her from the revocation of the earlier trusts, and provided that they should pay the income of the trust to the Eddy Historical Society.  She retained for herself alone the power at any time to revoke both of these trusts and to require the trustees to convey and assign to her all property held by them.  On April 5, 1926, she exercised this power by notifying the trustees to terminate the trusts and deliver the entire trust property to her.  (Exhibit D.) On April 5, 1926, she was a party to two new trust instruments.  The one created a trust known as the Longyear Foundation, and the other created a trust known as the Endowment Trust.  In the latter she assigned to trustees $5,000 par value of bonds, being the property received by her from the revocation of the earlier trusts, and provided that these trustees should pay the income of the trust to the Longyear Foundation.  She retained for herself alone the power at any time to alter, amend, cancel or revoke both of these trusts and to require the trustees to convey and assign to her all property held by them.  *1559  On July 21, 1924, she altered the Eddy Historical Society Trust.  On August 17, 1927, and again on December 11, 1928, she executed amendments to each trust then in effect, the Longyear Foundation and the Endowment Trust.  In the amendments made on the latter day she provided that the Endowment Trust was irrevocable and not subject to alteration or amendment, and also that the Longyear Foundation was not subject to revocation or alternation by Mary B. Longyear, but might be amended by two-thirds of the trustees.  The trust instruments dated April 5, 1926, and the amendments of August 17, 1927, and December 11, 1928, are part of Exhibit E attached to the stipulation.  The petitioner claims that Mary B. Longyear had a right to deduct from her gross income certain contributions made by her in each of *257  the three years.  It bases its claim upon the following provisions of sections 214(a)(10) of the Revenue Acts of 1924 and 1926: SEC. 214. (a) In computing net income there shall be allowed as deductions: * * * (10) Contributions or gifts made within the taxable year to or for the use of: * * * (B) any corporation, or trust, or community chest, fund, or foundation, *1560  organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes, * * * no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual.  The contributions in question are not deductible under these sections of the revenue acts for a number of reasons, which become obvious upon an examination of the provisions of the various trust instruments.  The stipulation shows that Mary B. Longyear created three pairs of trusts.  Each trust, at all times material hereto, was revocable at the will of Mary B. Longyear.  Thus, she could take to herself at any time the benefit of the net earnings of any or all of the six.  The requirement that the trust be one "no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private * * * individual," eliminates each of these trusts.  Parties may not stipulate a conclusion of law which it is the province of the Board to decide.  ; ; affd., ; certiorari denied, *1561 . When Mary B. Longyear revoked a trust the property was hers to do with as she pleased Her pleasure happened to be to transfer the property to a new trust.  If the stipulation that "none of the property comprising said trusts was received by Mrs. Mary B. Longyear for her personal use" is intended to be to the contrary, we refuse to be bound by it.  The stipulation offends similarly in another instance relating to the first point, but the facts stipulated lead us to the same conclusion which is stipulated.  The stipulation is so drawn that we can not tell to which trust any certain contribution of 1924 was made.  The same is true of 1926.  This failure of proof is not very important.  However, if any part of the contribution for either year was made to a trust revoked within the year, so that the money was returned to the donor within the year, the donor would certainly not be entitled to deduct the amount on her return for the year.  The principal purpose of one of each pair of trusts seems to have been to hold property and pay the income therefrom to the other.  The contributions were made to the latter, according to the stipulation.  We may assume that*1562  each of the latter three was organized and operated for one or more of the purposes mentioned in section 214(a)(10).  But there were other purposes for which each was organized.  The trust created on January 18, 1923, known as the Longyear Foundation, had as part of its purpose: *258  To pay the said net income or such part thereof as they may from time to time deem expedient to trustees under a certain declaration of trust entitled "Assignment and Declaration of Trust, Zion Research Foundation" dated March 19, 1920, to be by said last mentioned trustees administered as part of the income of said last mentioned trust; and to apply said net income to such other charitable purposes as said Mary Beecher Longyear may from time to time during her life in writing or by her last will direct.  We do not know that the Zion Research Foundation Trust was one which met the requirements of sections 214(a)(10) of the Revenue Acts of 1924 and 1926, nor do we know that the other charitable purposes which Mary Beecher Longyear might direct would not be broader than those set forth in section 214(a)(10).  *1563 ; ; . The operating trust created on February 18, 1924, was originally known as Eddy Historical Society, but on July 21, 1924, the name was changed to Longyear Trust.  This trust provided that the trustees should devote the net income received to the maintenance and upkeep, including taxes and repairs, of Mary Beecher Longyear's residence at 60 Leicester Street, Brookline, Massachusetts, and certain other houses owned by her; to furnishing all of the above mentioned houses; to caring for certain books then owned by Mary Beecher Longyear; to keeping her residence in condition; and to the maintenance therein of a competent housekeeper and staff of servants suitable and necessary for such an establishment.  It also provided that the trustees should permit the Zion Research Foundation to use certain rooms, and should care for and clean those rooms and employ a certain individual at a salary of $8,000 as superintendent of grounds and garage and as general agent.  The situation after April 5, 1926, and up to the end of the year 1926 was not materially*1564  different.  The Longyear Foundation of April 5, 1926, contained provisions similar to those which we have just enumerated.  The houses and the books mentioned in these two trusts belonged to Mary B. Longyear and not to the trusts.  She expressly provided that title in her should not be affected.  One of the houses was her residence, in which she lived up to the time of her death.  Thus, one of the express purposes of each of these trust instruments was to maintain her own residence, including the grounds and garage, in good repair, pay the taxes on this residence and employ and pay a competent corps of servants for the establishment.  Cf. ; ; . These trusts, having these purposes, were not organized exclusively for the purposes mentioned in section 214(a)(10).  Therefore, none of the contributions to these trusts were deductible.  *259  We have not been informed as to the method of operation of any of the six trusts here involved.  This alone would defeat the petitioner's claim, for we can*1565  not assume that the trusts were operated exclusively for charitable, religious, and like purposes to the exclusion of the other purposes for which they were created.  After the last taxable year here involved Mary B. Longyear changed the two trusts then in existence so that she could no longer revoke either of them at will, but this circumstance, in our opinion, is immaterial in the decision of this case.  There are other features of these trusts which take them out of the class mentioned in section 214(a)(10), but we see no reason to prolong this discussion, inasmuch as the decision on this point must be for the respondent in any event.  Reviewed by the Board.  Judgment will be entered under Rule 50.