Court Opinion

ID: 2759926
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-12-11 21:02:33.497229+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:58:31.439909
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

BRAD UPTON,                            §
                                       §     No. 398, 2014
      Respondent Below,                §
      Appellant,                       §     Court Below—Family Court of
                                       §     the State of Delaware in and for
      v.                               §     Sussex County
                                       §
DIVISION OF FAMILY                     §     File No. 13-07-02TS
SERVICES,                              §     CPI No. 13-24321
                                       §
      Petitioner Below,                §
      Appellee,                        §
                                       §
      and                              §
                                       §
COURT APPOINTED SPECIAL                §
ADVOCATE,                              §
                                       §
      Appellee.                        §

                             Submitted: November 13, 2014
                             Decided:   December 11, 2014

Before STRINE, Chief Justice, RIDGELY and VALIHURA, Justices.

                                   ORDER

      This 11th day of December 2014, upon consideration of the appellant’s

brief filed under Supreme Court Rule 26.1 (“Rule 26.1”), his attorney’s

motion to withdraw, and the responses of the appellees, Division of Family

Services (“DFS”) and the court appointed special advocate (“CASA”), it

appears to the Court that:
      (1)    The appellant, Brad Upton (“Father”), filed this appeal from the

Family Court’s order of July 1, 2014, terminating his parental rights in his

three daughters, Carly, born December 5, 2007, Chloe, born October 1,

2009, and Chelsea, born October 24, 2011 (collectively “the Children”).1

The parental rights of the Children’s mother (“mother”) were terminated in

the same order and are not at issue in this appeal.

      (2)    On appeal, Father’s counsel (“Counsel”) has filed an opening

brief and a motion to withdraw under Rule 26.1. Counsel asserts that, based

upon a complete and careful examination of the record, there are no arguably

appealable issues. Father has responded to Counsel’s presentation with a

written submission that raises several claims.          DFS and CASA have

responded to the position taken by Counsel and the issues raised by Father

and have moved to affirm the judgment of the Family Court.

      (3)    The record reflects that, on February 29, 2012, DFS filed an

emergency dependency/neglect petition seeking custody of the Children on

the basis that the Children had witnessed an incidence of domestic violence

between mother and Father while in mother and Father’s home. At the time

of the petition, the two older children, Carly and Chloe, were in a

1
  Having previously assigned a pseudonym to the appellant, the Court hereby assigns
pseudonyms to the children. Del. Supr. Ct. R. 7(d).
                                        2
guardianship held by their paternal grandmother, Joan Davis (“Davis”), as a

result of prior dependency/neglect proceedings involving mother and

Father.2

      (4)     By ex parte order on March 1, 2012, the Family Court granted

temporary custody of the Children to DFS.              At the March 22, 2012

preliminary protective hearing that followed, mother and Father stipulated,

subject to their respective positions on Davis’ guardianship, that the

Children were dependent, and that it was in the best interests of the Children

that custody remain with DFS.

      (5)     At the April 19, 2012 adjudicatory hearing, the Family Court

heard evidence on whether Davis should retain guardianship of Carly and

Chloe.      At the conclusion of the hearing, the court rescinded the

guardianship previously awarded to Davis, after determining that Carly and

Chloe were neglected in Davis’ care. In its April 19, 2012 order, the court

ruled as follows:

              [Davis] was supposed to be caring for [Carly and
              Chloe] because they were in her guardianship in
              2009 and 2010, when [they] were dependent in the
              care of mother and father, mother and father were
              unable to regain custody because they did not
              complete their case plans for reunification.
              Nonetheless, [Davis] placed [Carly and Chloe]
2
 The Court hereby assigns a pseudonym to the paternal grandmother. Del. Supr. Ct. R.
7(d).
                                         3
                 back in mother and father’s home, despite specific
                 direction from the Court not to do so, and in
                 violation of her obligations as a guardian. Since
                 [Davis] is no longer acting as a guardian of [Carly
                 and Chloe], and because they are dependent in the
                 care of mother and father, full custody of [Carly
                 and Chloe] is hereby awarded to [DFS]. As
                 indicated previously, because mother and father
                 have agreed that she is dependent in their care,
                 custody of [Chelsea] is awarded to DFS. DFS has
                 made reasonable efforts in this matter to prevent or
                 eliminate the need for removing the children from
                 their home and toward preserving and reunifying
                 the family.

         (6)     In late April 2012, Father entered into a reunification case plan

with DFS. 3 The case plan identified a number of problem areas that Father

needed to remediate to achieve reunification with the Children, namely

financial issues, family violence concerns, appropriate parenting, substance

abuse, emotional instability/mental health issues, housing problems, and

legal issues.

         (7)     Under the case plan, to demonstrate sufficient progress in the

identified problem areas, Father was required to: obtain employment or

other income to provide for the family’s basic needs, attend and complete a

parenting class, complete an approved domestic violence course for

perpetrators        of    domestic      violence     and     follow     any   discharge

3
    See Del. Fam. Ct. Civ. R. 220 (governing contents of case plans).
                                              4
recommendations, undergo a substance abuse evaluation and comply with

any recommendations including recommended treatment, undergo a mental

health evaluation and comply with any recommendations including

recommended treatment, locate housing for himself and the Children, and

comply with conditions of court orders. The case plan noted that, as of April

19, 2012, Father was incarcerated on pending felony and misdemeanor

charges, but that Father’s incarceration “would not provide [Father] with

additional time to complete his case plan.”

       (8)     At the May 7, 2012 dispositional hearing, Father, mother, and

the CASA argued that DFS had failed to use due diligence, by not

identifying and providing notice to relatives within thirty days of placement

as required by federal statute. 4 The Family Court agreed, ruling that “DFS

has failed to exercise due diligence in this matter to identify and provide

notice to adult relatives.” Otherwise, the court found “that DFS has made

reasonable efforts in this matter toward preserving and reunifying the

family.”

4
  See 42 U.S.C.A. § 671(a)(29) (providing that, within thirty days after the removal of a
child from the custody of the parent(s), the State shall exercise due diligence to identify
and provide notice to all adult grandparents and other adult relatives of the child
(including any other adult relatives suggested by the parents) that the child has been
removed from the custody of the parent(s) and explain the options the relative has to
participate in the care and placement of the child).
                                            5
      (9)    At the review hearing on June 25, 2012, DFS submitted

evidence indicating that relatives had been notified about the placement of

the Children. At the conclusion of that hearing, and at the review hearings

that followed on September 17, 2012, November 19, 2012, and February 21,

2013, the Family Court found that the Children were dependent and that

DFS had made reasonable efforts at reunification.

      (10) On February 25, 2013, DFS filed a motion requesting that the

court change the permanency goal from reunification to termination of

parental rights. The motion was considered at the permanency hearing on

April 8, 2013. At the conclusion of that hearing, the court granted the

motion and changed the permanency goal from reunification to termination.

In its April 8, 2013 order, the Family Court ruled:

             [The Children] have been in the care of [DFS]
             since March 1, 2012. [Carly] was four years old,
             [Chloe] was two years old, and [Chelsea] was less
             than six months old. [Carly and Chloe] had a
             history of a prior placement with [DFS] in late
             2009, at the time of [Chloe’s] birth, and a
             subsequent guardianship with their paternal
             grandmother. For a significant portion of their
             lives, they have not been in the care of their
             parents.

             Mother and father have been working towards
             reunification for the past year. . . . Several different
             agencies have attempted to engage mother and
             father in addressing the elements of their case
             plans. Yet, mother and father have not completed
                                        6
                 those case plans, and have not taken steps to show
                 that their daughters would no longer be dependent
                 in their care. The Court is unable to determine that
                 it would be safe for [the Children] to be returned to
                 the care of their parents. 5

          (11) On July 12, 2013, DFS filed a petition to terminate Father’s

parental rights (“TPR petition”) on the ground that he had failed “to plan

adequately for [the Children’s] physical needs or mental and emotional

health and development.” 6           By order dated July 29, 2013, the court

scheduled a hearing for December 19, 2013, and at the December 19, 2013

hearing, the court scheduled the trial for March 20, 2014. On March 20,

2014, the trial was rescheduled until April 11, 2014, so that the court could

consider a petition for guardianship filed by Davis on February 10, 2014.

          (12) On April 11, 2014, the court conducted an evidentiary hearing

on Davis’ petition for guardianship. After hearing testimony from Davis,

mother, Father, Davis’ prior landlord, the DFS treatment worker, the DFS

permanency worker, and the CASA, the Family Court denied the petition,

ruling that placement with Davis was not in the best interests of the

Children.

5
  The Court notes that, although DFS was directed to “file its termination petition within
thirty days of the date of this order,” the record reflects that the April 8, 2013 order was
not mailed to the parties until June 25, 2013. The record does not reflect why the order
was not mailed until June 25, 2013.
6
    13 Del. C. § 1103(a)(5).
                                             7
      (13) Immediately after ruling on the guardianship petition, the

Family Court began the trial on the TPR petition. At the outset of the trial,

mother voluntarily consented to a termination and transfer of her parental

rights in the Children.

      (14) Over the course of the two-day trial, the Family Court heard

testimony from Father’s domestic violence treatment counselor, Father’s

alcohol and drug counselor,        the DFS treatment worker, the DFS

permanency worker, the CASA, and Father. The Family Court also heard

testimony from a Department of Correction probation and parole supervisor,

concerning Father’s conviction and sentencing on July 19, 2013 for violation

of probation, for which Father was currently incarcerated.

      (15) By order dated July 1, 2014, the Family Court terminated

Father’s parental rights on the ground that he had failed to plan for the

Children’s needs and that termination was in the Children’s best interest.

When considering best interest factor eight, concerning “the criminal history

of any party,” the court found:

             Father is currently incarcerated, due to substance
             abuse issues. He is participating in intensive
             treatment. The earliest that he can expect to be
             released from prison is June 2015. At that time, all
             three of his children will have remained in foster
             care, for the second time, for over three years. The
             Court does not believe that father will be able to
             complete all the terms of his case plan while
                                       8
                  incarcerated, so that he will be able to care for his
                  daughters upon his release.

This appeal followed.

           (16) This Court’s review of a Family Court order terminating

parental rights requires that we consider the facts and the law. 7 When issues

implicate rulings of law, our review is de novo. 8 When issues implicate

rulings of fact, we conduct a limited review of the Family Court’s factual

findings to assure that they are sufficiently supported by the record and are

not clearly wrong.9 We do not disturb inferences and deductions that are

supported by the record and are the product of an orderly and logical

deductive process.10 If the Family Court has correctly applied the law, our

review is limited to abuse of discretion. 11

           (17) In Delaware, the termination of parental rights requires a two-

step analysis. 12 The Family Court must first identify a statutory basis for

termination 13 and second, determine what is in the best interest of the

7
Wilson v. Div. of Family Serv., 988 A.2d 435, 439-40 (Del. 2010).
8
    Id. at 440.
9
    Id.
10
     Id.
11
     Id.
12
     Shepherd v. Clemens, 752 A.2d 533, 536-37 (Del. 2000).
13
     Id. at 537. See 13 Del. C. § 1103(a) (listing grounds for termination of parental rights).
                                                9
child. 14 Also, when the statutory basis for termination is failure to plan15

there must be proof of at least one additional statutory condition 16 and proof

that DFS made bona fide reasonable efforts to preserve the family unit.17 It

is incumbent on the petitioner to prove by clear and convincing evidence

that there is a statutory basis for termination, and that the best interest

analysis favors termination.18

          (18) Having carefully reviewed the parties’ positions on appeal and

the Family Court record, we conclude that there is clear and convincing

evidence supporting the termination of Father’s parental rights on the basis

of his failure to plan and because termination was in the Children’s best

interest. The record reflects that Father did not complete the major aspects

of his case plan despite DFS’ reasonable efforts at reunification, and that the

Children are well-adjusted in their current pre-adoptive home.

          (19) In his written submission, Father challenges the termination of

his parental rights, claiming that the court over-emphasized his incarceration

and underestimated the progress he can make on his case plan while

14
   Shepherd v. Clemens, 752 A.2d at 537. See 13 Del. C. § 722(a) (listing best interest
factors).
15
     13 Del. C. § 1103(a)(5).
16
     See id. at a., b. (listing additional conditions).
17
     In re Hanks, 553 A.2d 1171, 1179 (Del. 1989).
18
  Powell v. Dep’t of Serv. for Children, Youth & Their Families, 963 A.2d 724, 731 (Del.
2008).
                                                  10
incarcerated. Father also claims that the court undervalued his relationship

to the Children and the Children’s wishes to be placed with a family

member.         Third, Father claims that DFS did not make adequate or

reasonable efforts on behalf of the Children as evidenced by allegations that

Carly was physically abused in a Dover foster home. Finally, Father claims

that the Family Court unfairly denied Davis’ guardianship petition.

         (20) Father’s claim concerning the Family Court’s denial of Davis’

petition for guardianship is unavailing. Davis did not appeal the April 11,

2014 denial of her guardianship petition. As a result, Father has no standing

to challenge that decision. 19

         (21) Father’s remaining claims are without merit.                 Contrary to

Father’s claims, the record contains ample evidence supporting the Family

Court’s findings that Father failed to make adequate progress on his case

plan, and that DFS made bona fide reasonable efforts to reunify Father with

the Children.        The record also reflects that the Family Court carefully

considered the best interest factors and made factual findings that guided its

decision that the termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best

interest of the Children.

19
     Lane v. Div. of Family Serv., 2014 WL 1272264 (Del. Mar. 27, 2014).
                                            11
      (22) Having carefully reviewed the parties’ positions and the record

on appeal, the Court can discern no abuse of discretion in the Family Court’s

factual findings and no error in the court’s application of the law to the facts

when terminating Father’s parental rights.       We therefore conclude that

Father’s appeal is wholly without merit and devoid of any arguably

appealable issue. We are satisfied that Counsel made a conscientious effort

to examine the record and the law and properly determined that Father could

not raise a meritorious claim in this appeal.

      NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the motions to affirm

filed by DFS and CASA are GRANTED. The judgment of the Family Court

is AFFIRMED. The motion to withdraw is moot.

                                        BY THE COURT:

                                        /s/ Karen L. Valihura
                                        Justice

                                      12