Court Opinion

ID: 4608010
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:41:52.733994+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:53:38.096310
License: Public Domain

Harry W. and Florence Lehman, Petitioners, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, RespondentLehman v. CommissionerDocket No. 34280United States Tax Court19 T.C. 659; 1953 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 259; January 16, 1953, Promulgated 1953 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 259">*259 Decision will be entered for the respondent.  Under a partnership agreement petitioners on a calendar year basis became entitled as of the end of the partnership fiscal year, March 31, 1948, to credits totaling $ 10,000 on the partnership books, this sum to be deducted from the capital accounts of the other partners. The credits were made to petitioners' capital accounts and the book entries were actually made on November 1, 1948.  Held, the $ 10,000 was income to petitioners in 1948.  H. P. Forrest, Esq., for the petitioners.F. L. Van Haaften, Esq., for the respondent.  Tietjens, Judge1953 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 259">*260  .  TIETJENS19 T.C. 659">*659  This proceeding contests the determination of a deficiency in income tax for the year 1948 of $ 5,800.46.Petitioners, husband and wife, were partners with others in a limited partnership of which the husband was the only general partner. The agreement provided that when the other partners would earn or receive profits from the business in the total sum of $ 50,000, each of petitioners should be entitled to receive as a credit on the partnership books the sum of $ 5,000 to be deducted from the capital contribution of the other partners. Petitioners were on a calendar year basis, the partnership on a fiscal year basis ending March 31.  As of March 31, 1948, petitioners became entitled to their total credit in the sum of $ 10,000.  The book entries making the debits and credits were made on November 1, 1948.Two questions are presented for decision.  First, did the $ 10,000 credits represent taxable ordinary income to petitioners; and, second, if they did, was said sum properly includible in petitioners' income for 1948?Other issues presented by the pleadings were waived by petitioners.19 T.C. 659">*660  FINDINGS OF FACT.The petitioners are husband and wife residing 1953 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 259">*261  in Dade County, Florida.  Their joint income tax return for the calendar year 1948 was filed with the collector for the district of Florida.Petitioners are members of a limited partnership called Lehman Lumber Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called the partnership), organized on August 24, 1945, pursuant to the provisions of an Act of the Legislature of the State of Florida, Florida Statutes, Chapter 620.  The partnership filed information returns on Form 1065 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 1948, and March 31, 1949, with the collector for the district of Florida.Harry is the sole general partner and Florence is one of four limited partners of the partnership. Harry operated and ran the business and had control of its books.Petitioners each contributed $ 10,000 to the partnership capital to which the other three limited partners contributed the sum total of $ 40,000.Pursuant to the partnership agreement, at such time as the partners, exclusive of petitioners, would together earn or receive the sum total of $ 50,000 there was to be credited on the partnership books to the petitioners $ 5,000 each, which sums were to be deducted from the capital accounts of the other partners.Harry1953 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 259">*262  received a salary of $ 100 per week from the partnership. His and Florence's share of the partnership profits was 25 per cent each.  The other partners shared the remaining 50 per cent.The partnership net income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 1946, was $ 22,324.58; March 31, 1947, $ 43,902.01; and March 31, 1948, $ 127,053.59.At the end of March 31, 1948, petitioners were entitled to have their accounts credited with the sum of $ 5,000 each, with a corresponding proportionate debit to the capital accounts of the other partners. These debits and credits were actually made on November 1, 1948.  The credits were on that date transferred to the respective capital accounts of the petitioners.  There was nothing in the partnership agreement requiring that the $ 5,000 amounts be credited to the petitioners' capital accounts, though the understanding was that such would be the case.The transactions above described resulted in no actual cash being paid to petitioners.  Petitioners in their joint return for 1948 reported their respective shares of the profits distributed or distributable to them according to the partnership return for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1948.  They included1953 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 259">*263  the total $ 10,000 credits as income in their joint return for 1949.19 T.C. 659">*661  The $ 10,000 referred to above was not a gift and was taxable to petitioners in 1948 as ordinary income.OPINION.On the question as to whether or not the transactions set out in our findings resulted in taxable income, petitioners' argument is that the credit on the books to their account was never intended to be withdrawn from the partnership, was merely an adjustment of the capital accounts, and was never actually or constructively received by petitioners.  Further, that under the Florida statute governing limited partnerships the petitioners could not have received anything from their increased capital contributions until after dissolution of the partnership and satisfaction first of the claims of creditors, etc.It seems to us that these contentions simply skirt the critical issue, which is whether the broad terms of section 22 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code1 require the credits of $ 10,000 to be included in gross income. Certainly under the partnership agreement and the other facts here present petitioners became entitled to and received an increased capital share in the partnership capital in1953 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 259">*264  1948.  There is no dispute on that score.  The fact that the actual book entries evidencing the adjusted respective rights of the parties were not made till after March 31, 1948, is of no consequence.  The petitioners were due their credits as of that date and all of the facts giving rise to their rights were in existence at that date.  It is conceded that the transfers to petitioners did not come about by way of gift.  It was the result of the managerial efforts of Harry combined with good business conditions for the partnership business.  We do not think it is crucial whether the transfer to petitioners' capital accounts was in fact "compensation" for Harry's services.  Surely the increase resulted in a gain or profit to petitioners.  This situation is not similar to the unrealized increase in the value of a capital asset and section 22 (a) requires the inclusion in gross income of "gains or profits and income derived from any source whatever." This is such a gain or profit.1953 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 259">*265  Under the agreement with their partners petitioners, if certain contingencies were met, were to receive credits on the partnership books totaling $ 10,000.  The right to these credits ripened as of March 31, 19 T.C. 659">*662  1948.  It is suggested that because these credits were made to the capital accounts of petitioners, a capital transaction resulted and that any gain or loss to petitioners is to be postponed until dissolution of the partnership. But the question is not whether petitioners suffered or realized or might suffer or realize a loss or gain on disposition of their partnership capital shares or on dissolution of the partnership; or whether the other partners might be entitled to deductions because of the debits to their own capital accounts, as in George D. Rosenbaum, 16 T.C. 664, and 18 T.C. 35. Simply put, the question here is whether petitioners realized taxable income by virtue of the $ 10,000 increase in their capital accounts by reason of transfers from their partners. We think they did, and so hold.  There is no showing that the value of the credits to which petitioners became entitled was not the full $ 10,0001953 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 259">*266  because partnership debts in the year 1948 or some other undisclosed facts might erode that value.  We think this situation should be no different in its tax consequences than if the partners had paid over to petitioners the $ 10,000 under an arrangement whereby petitioners agreed to use that sum to increase their investment in the partnership with a corresponding reduction in the capital shares of the other partners. Under those facts there could be no question but that the amount would be income to petitioners.  Respondent was correct in taxing the full $ 10,000 to petitioners in that year.Petitioners' further contention that the taxable income, if such it was, was not reportable until 1949 is without merit.  They call attention to section 188 which provides:If the taxable year of a partner is different from that of the partnership, the inclusions with respect to the net income of the partnership, in computing the net income of the partner for his taxable year, shall be based upon the net income of the partnership for any taxable year of the partnership (whether beginning on, before, or after January 1, 1939) ending within or with the taxable year of the partner.On the basis1953 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 259">*267  of section 188, petitioners argue that since the book entry adjusting the accounts was not made until November 1, 1948, and that date is within the partnership fiscal year ended March 31, 1949, they were not required to include the $ 10,000 until 1949.As pointed out above, we do not think the actual date of the book entries is the critical date.  All facts entitling petitioner to the adjustment and transfer had occurred prior to the end of the partnership fiscal year ended March 31, 1948.  Proper entries could have been made as of that date and we think the rights of the partners and their income should be computed as if the entry had been then made.Decision will be entered for the respondent.  Footnotes1. Sec. 22. GROSS INCOME.(a) General Definition.  -- "Gross income" includes gains, profits, and income derived from salaries, wages, or compensation for personal service (including personal service as an officer or employee of a State, or any political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality of any one or more of the foregoing), of whatever kind and in whatever form paid, or from professions, vocations, trades, businesses, commerce, or sales, or dealings in property, whether real or personal, growing out of the ownership or use of or interest in such property; also from interest, rent, dividends, securities, or the transaction of any business carried on for gain or profit, or gains or profits and income derived from any source whatever.  * * *↩