Court Opinion

ID: 2785431
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-03-11 18:05:42.146821+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:28:35.950633
License: Public Domain

STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                   UNPUBLISHED
In re A.G. and A.L. AVERYETTE, Minors.                             March 10, 2015

                                                                   No. 321922
                                                                   Wayne Circuit Court
                                                                   Family Division
                                                                   LC No. 12-507617-NA

In re A. AVERYETTE, Minor.                                         No. 323056
                                                                   Wayne Circuit Court
                                                                   Family Division
                                                                   LC No. 12-507617-NA

Before: GLEICHER, P.J., and CAVANAGH and FORT HOOD, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        Following an extended child protective proceeding, the circuit court terminated
respondent-mother’s parental rights to her two older children, AG and AL, but retained her rights
to her youngest child, A, to allow additional time to benefit from services. In these consolidated
appeals, respondent challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the termination
decision as to AG and AL and the court’s determination that A came within its jurisdiction.
Even with heightened agency assistance, respondent repeatedly failed to follow directions in
order to obtain services and therefore never overcame the conditions that led to the removal of
her children. Accordingly, we discern no error in the circuit court’s decisions. We affirm.

                                      I. BACKGROUND

        Respondent is a developmentally delayed adult with an IQ of 61. She is unemployed and
lives with her mother, who also has a long Child Protective Services (CPS) history.
Respondent’s siblings and their children also live in her mother’s home. Respondent’s oldest
child, AG, was born on March 19, 2011. The Department of Human Services (DHS) took AG
into care in May 2012, based on medical neglect. AG suffered from a penile birth defect and
respondent had failed to secure necessary surgery. AG’s skull plates were not fusing at a normal
rate, he suffered from an untreated congenital heart condition, and was diagnosed as failure to
thrive. On May 23, 2012, respondent brought AG to the hospital because he had a high fever
and had not eaten in three days because of painful mouth sores caused by hand, foot, and mouth

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disease. Against medical advice, respondent left the hospital without actually obtaining
treatment for the child. A follow-up investigation revealed that the child was covered in bed bug
bites, respondent lacked AG’s prescribed asthma medication, and respondent had not taken the
baby for a well-child visit since he was two months old.

        Following AG’s removal, the court ordered respondent’s participation in parenting
classes, therapy and psychological and psychiatric evaluations. The court also ordered
respondent to obtain suitable housing and employment and awarded supervised visitation.
Respondent was deemed noncompliant with these services. As a result, when respondent’s
second child, AL, was born on October 4, 2012, the DHS immediately took her into care.

         Over time, the DHS provided greater assistance to respondent. An infant mental health
therapist was assigned to provide individual parenting classes during visitation. She also
provided one-on-one counseling for respondent. The DHS sought out agencies that specialized
in assisting mentally impaired adults. The court even appointed a guardian ad litem for the
cognitively impaired mother. However, respondent failed to follow through with a referral for
GED tutoring services because the program required a drug test and respondent indicated that
she had been using marijuana. Respondent was then ordered to participate in substance abuse
counseling and random drug screenings. Respondent never secured employment and refused
assistance to move out of her mother’s unsuitable residence. Respondent repeatedly failed to
inform the DHS when she received applications and other forms required for services. As a
result, the DHS workers’ efforts to assist respondent were hampered and services were delayed.

        Parenting time also did not go well. Respondent focused her attention on AG, to the
point that she ignored AL. Respondent admitted that AG was more special to her than AL.
Respondent failed to feed young AL during some parenting time sessions and she allowed AG to
engage in unsafe activities. Respondent did not comfort the children when they cried and even
laughed at them. The parenting time supervisor often had to intervene for the children’s safety.

        Respondent became pregnant during the proceedings with her third child, A, and gave
birth on January 20, 2014. A was born with marijuana in his system and suffered withdrawal
symptoms. The DHS immediately took the infant into care.

        In March and April 2014, the circuit court conducted a combined adjudication trial in
relation to A and a termination hearing in relation to all three children. In addition to the above-
cited evidence, the DHS witnesses described that AG and AL had both been diagnosed with a
genetic disorder called MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-
like symptoms). This serious condition affects the brain and nervous system, and causes
symptoms such as seizures and stroke-like incidents. Evidence further revealed that respondent
had not sought treatment for her own medical issues. Respondent did not attend several prenatal
appointments while pregnant with A, failed to attend follow-up visits after doctors discovered a
lump in her breast, and did not take prescribed medication to treat her depression. Respondent
reported that she lacked the energy and motivation to get out of bed and conceded that this

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mental and physical state would prevent her from adequately caring for the children.1
Ultimately, the DHS witnesses opined that her cognitive impairment was not at the root of
respondent’s failure to benefit from services. Rather, respondent’s admitted lack of follow-
through, along with her marijuana abuse, were the main causes of her continued inability to care
for her children. And the lack of follow-through was not due to respondent’s impairment,
witnesses testified.

        Ultimately, the circuit court took jurisdiction over A based on respondent’s marijuana use
and failure to comply with her service plan. The court determined that termination was
supportable as to all three children under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i) (failure to rectify the
conditions that led to adjudication) and (g) (failure to provide proper care and custody). The
court further found termination to be in the best interests of AG and AL. The court deemed
termination premature as to A, however, and allowed respondent additional time to attempt to
benefit from services.

                         II. TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

        Respondent now challenges the court’s termination decisions as to AG and AL. Pursuant
to MCL 712A.19b(3), a circuit court “may terminate a parent’s parental rights to a child if the
court finds, by clear and convincing evidence” that at least one statutory ground has been proven.
The petitioner bears the burden of proving that ground. MCR 3.977(A)(3); In re Trejo, 462 Mich.
341, 350; 612 NW2d 407 (2000). We review a circuit court’s factual finding that a statutory
termination ground has been established for clear error. In re Rood, 483 Mich. 73, 90-91; 763
NW2d 587 (2009). “A finding of fact is clearly erroneous if the reviewing court has a definite
and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed, giving due regard to the trial court’s
special opportunity to observe the witnesses.” In re Moss, 301 Mich. App. 76, 80; 836 NW2d 182
(2013) (quotation marks and citation omitted). “Clear error signifies a decision that strikes us as
more than just maybe or probably wrong.” In re Williams, 286 Mich. App. 253, 271; 779 NW2d
286 (2009).

       Respondent complains that termination was improper as she “complied with the
treatment plan to the best of her ability given her cognitive delays and the lack of services
provided by the DHS.” “When a child is removed from a parent’s custody, the agency charged
with the care of the child is required to report to the trial court the efforts made to rectify the
conditions that led to the removal of the child.” In re Plump, 294 Mich. App. 270, 272; 817
NW2d 119 (2011).2 “The adequacy of the petitioner’s efforts to provide services may bear on
whether there is sufficient evidence to terminate a parent’s rights.” In re Rood, 483 Mich. 73, 89;
763 NW2d 587 (2009). “[A trial] court is not required to terminate parental rights if the State
has not provided to the family of the child . . . such services as the State deems necessary for the

1
  Respondent told the infant mental health therapist that she was “not a doer.” Respondent
indicated, “I don’t get up and do the things I know I need to do.”
2
  In cases where services are not statutorily required, the DHS is required to inform the court of
the basis for withholding services. Plump, 294 Mich. App. at 272.

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safe return of the child to the child’s home.” Id. at 105 (quotation marks and citation omitted).
However, the “time for asserting the need for accommodation in services is when the court
adopts a service plan,” not at the eleventh hour. In re Frey, 297 Mich. App. 242, 247; 824 NW2d
569 (2012); see also In re Terry, 240 Mich. App. 14, 26; 610 NW2d 563 (2000).

       Here, the DHS recognized respondent’s special needs and attempted to accommodate
them. Unfortunately, precursory hurdles had to be jumped. Respondent failed to follow through
with paperwork, appointments, and meetings. She failed to inform the caseworker when she
needed assistance with applications. The children cannot remain indefinitely in foster care
without a permanency plan awaiting their mother’s cooperation to begin appropriately geared
services.

        Moreover, termination was supported by two statutory grounds. Termination is
appropriate under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i) if “182 or more days have elapsed since the issuance
of an initial dispositional order, and . . . [t]he conditions that led to the adjudication continue to
exist and there is no reasonable likelihood that the conditions will be rectified within a
reasonable time considering the child’s age.” AG had been in care for nearly two years and AL
for 1½ years. Yet, respondent had remedied none of the conditions that led to court intervention.

        Respondent still lived with her mother and siblings in an unsuitable home. Respondent
remained unemployed and had made no educational gains. The most serious impediment to
reunification—inability to manage the children’s medical needs—also remained a concern.
During the proceedings, medical testing revealed that AG and AL suffer from a serious genetic
condition that will require extensive parental supervision. Respondent continued to show a lack
of follow-through and patience, however, that could endanger the children’s health. While
respondent attended an appointment related to AL’s genetic testing, she became impatient and
left the hospital when one of AG’s surgeries was delayed. Respondent exhibited behaviors
suggesting that she would not take the children even for their routine medical appointments.
While pregnant with A, respondent failed to attend her prenatal appointments and did not pursue
additional testing after a concerning ultrasound. Doctors discovered a lump in respondent’s
breast and she did not take prescribed antibiotics or make a recommended appointment for
cancer screening. Respondent also failed to take medication prescribed to treat her serious
depression and did not attend medication evaluation appointments. Given respondent’s
lackadaisical approach to important medical concerns, the court could determine that she would
be unable to rectify this condition within a reasonable time.

        The DHS also established by clear and convincing evidence that termination was
appropriate under MCL 712A.19b(3)(g), “[t]he parent, without regard to intent, fails to provide
proper care or custody for the child and there is no reasonable expectation that the parent will be
able to provide proper care and custody within a reasonable time considering the child’s age.”
Respondent admitted to case workers that she would be unable to care for the children’s medical
needs. Specifically, she told the infant mental health therapist that “she loves her children,” but
that “[s]he just knows that she’s at a point where she can’t do it.” Moreover, during parenting
time sessions, respondent exhibited that she could not safely care for the children without
supervision, despite two years of services. Respondent often ignored young AL and failed to
feed her, and she allowed AG to engage in activities that could have caused serious injury. Once
A was born, she ignored both AG and AL during parenting sessions, focusing solely on the new

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infant. Respondent also continued to use marijuana, even while pregnant. Given respondent’s
inability to consistently comply with and benefit from services, the court did not err in finding
that respondent would not be able to provide proper care and custody within a reasonable time.
See Frey, 297 Mich. App. at 248 (“While the DHS has a responsibility to expend reasonable
efforts to provide services to secure reunification, there exists a commensurate responsibility on
the part of respondents to participate in the services that are offered.”).

        The circuit court also properly determined that termination was in AG’s and AL’s best
interests. “Once a statutory ground for termination has been proven, the trial court must find that
termination is in the child’s best interests before it can terminate parental rights.” In re
Olive/Metts, 297 Mich. App. 35, 40; 823 NW2d 144 (2012), citing MCL 712A.19b(5).
“[W]hether termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the child must be proven by a
preponderance of the evidence.” Moss, 301 Mich. App. at 90. The lower court should weigh all
the evidence available to it in determining the child’s best interests. Trejo, 462 Mich. at 356-357.
Relevant factors in this consideration include “the child’s bond to the parent, the parent’s
parenting ability, the child’s need for permanency, stability, and finality, and the advantages of a
foster home over the parent’s home.” Olive/Metts, 297 Mich. App. at 41-42 (citations omitted).

         The witnesses testified that respondent does love her children and shared a bond with
AG. However, the record also supports that respondent favored AG over AL, and then favored
A over both older children. The children showed a stronger bond with their foster parents than
respondent. Moreover, respondent lacked the ability to adequately parent the children. After
two years, her parenting time remained supervised and caseworkers still had to intervene for the
children’s safety. Respondent’s parenting ability had not improved despite the provision of
individual counseling in this regard. Respondent cannot provide the children with “permanency,
stability, and finality” either. Respondent has not benefitted from services geared toward
establishing her independence. Respondent herself admitted that the children’s foster parents
were better suited to care for the children, and that she could not provide the quality of care that
the foster parents provided with any degree of consistency. These same foster parents have
indicated that they wish to adopt the children. Accordingly, the circuit court did not clearly err
when it determined termination was in AG’s and AL’s best interests.

                                      III. ADJUDICATION

        We also find no error in the court’s jurisdictional decision regarding A. A court must
find by a preponderance of the evidence that a statutory ground for exerting jurisdiction exists.
In re BZ, 264 Mich. App. 286, 295; 690 NW2d 505 (2004). We review the lower court’s decision
“for clear error in light of the court’s findings of fact.” Id.

       Respondent contends that the DHS was not required to file a petition for jurisdiction over
A simply based on the presence of marijuana in his system. Respondent ignores, however, that
the DHS had already determined that marijuana abuse was a roadblock to reunification and had
provided substance abuse counseling and drug screenings to respondent. Respondent also
avoided prenatal care to ensure A’s safe birth. Removal of A from respondent’s custody was
necessary, not only because respondent had abused marijuana, but also because she had not
adequately participated in and benefited from services in relation to AG and AL and therefore
could not safely parent any of her three children.

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        And the court’s determination that A came within its jurisdiction was not clearly
erroneous. “In order to find that a child comes within the court’s jurisdiction, at least one
statutory ground for jurisdiction contained in MCL 712A.2(b) must be proven, either at trial or
by plea.” In re SLH, 277 Mich. App. 662, 669; 747 NW2d 547 (2008). Pursuant to MCL
712A.2(b), jurisdiction exists if a child:

       (1) Whose parent or other person legally responsible for the care and maintenance
       of the juvenile, when able to do so, neglects or refuses to provide proper or
       necessary support, education, medical, surgical, or other care necessary for his or
       her health or morals, who is subject to a substantial risk of harm to his or her
       mental well-being, who is abandoned by his or her parents, guardian, or other
       custodian, or who is without proper custody or guardianship[, or]

                                            * * *

       (2) Whose home or environment, by reason of neglect, cruelty, drunkenness,
       criminality, or depravity on the part of a parent, guardian, nonparent adult, or
       other custodian, is an unfit place for the juvenile to live in.

       It is undisputed that despite the DHS’s efforts to educate her to its dangers, respondent
used marijuana during her pregnancy. This led to A’s positive test for marijuana at birth and his
withdrawal symptoms. Respondent also neglected to obtain prenatal care. Based on her conduct
with respect to AG and AL, it was also clear that respondent lacked basic parenting skills,
appropriate housing, income, or the ability to provide her children with medical care. On this
record, it is apparent that respondent “neglect[ed] or refuse[d] to provide proper or necessary
support . . . medical, . . . or other care necessary” for A’s health or morals, and that A was
“without proper custody or guardianship.” MCL 712A.2(b)(1). It is also clear that A’s “home or
environment, by reason of neglect, . . . [was] an unfit place for the juvenile to live in.” MCL
712A.2(b)(2). Accordingly, the circuit court did not err when it assumed jurisdiction over A.

        Respondent again asserts that the circuit court’s actions were premature because she was
not provided adequate services by the DHS. As is required by MCL 712A.18f(1), the DHS’s
petition detailed “what efforts were made to prevent the child’s removal from his or her home or
the efforts made to rectify the conditions that caused the child’s removal from his or her
home[.]” These efforts were encompassed in the parent-agency agreement initiated in May
2012. As discussed, it was not a lack of efforts by DHS that caused the court to assume
jurisdiction over A, it was respondent’s failure to participate in and benefit from services.

       We affirm.

                                                           /s/ Elizabeth L. Gleicher
                                                           /s/ Mark J. Cavanagh
                                                           /s/ Karen M. Fort Hood

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