Court Opinion

ID: 8357645
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-10-18 00:09:50.596743+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:45:59.440068
License: Public Domain

By the Court.
Is this order appealable under section three hundred and forty-nine of the code of procedure ? If it were properly a part of the judgment, it would come up for review on an appeal from the judgment; but we think it is not. The plaintiffs still recover a judgment for their verdict, with the costs accrued at the time of the offer. The defendant’s costs directed to be paid by this offer are collectible by force of the order, under the act of 1847. (2 Laws of 1847, page 491; 2 Sand. E. 658.) *
Considered as an order simply, it does not fall within the first, third, or fourth classes of orders from which an appeal is allowed. Does it involve the merits of the action or any part thereof? The most sensible definition we have seen on this subject, is that given by Selden, J., in the general term of the supreme court in the seventh district, in the case of St. John v. West, 4 How. Pr. E. 329, 332. He says the word “ merits ” in these and like sections of the code, should be understood as meaning the strict legal rights of the parties, as contra-distinguished from those mere questions of practice which every court regulates for itself, and from all matters which depend upon the discretion or favor of the court. This will give an appeal from every order which passes upon and determines any positive legal right of either party, and deny it in all other cases. We have no hesitation in adopting this construction, as fully carrying out the intent of the code; and we may remark, that the commissioners on pleading and practice declared their intention to be to make the actual and final determination of a matter involving a substantial right, the test of an appealable order or judgment. (Eeport of 1848, p. 19.)
This order involved a substantial legal right, and is therefore the subject of an appeal.
2. The plaintiffs insist the order was wrong, because the defendant’s offer was silent as to costs, and if they had filed it they could have entered judgment only for the sum mentioned in it, which is less than the verdict with the costs to the time of the offer.
*752We think the plaintiff’s construction of the act is erroneous. The section (three hundred and eighty-five) is silent as to costs, both in the offer and the judgment thereon. The offer is to contain a sum or a relief, for which judgment is to be entered. Then section three hundred and three applies, and gives to the plaintiff upon such judgment, the costs of suit. If the suit were one for specific performance, and the offer were for a judgment of performance simply, there is no doubt on entering such judgment the clerk would be bound to insert in the entry the allowance of costs. And the form of the offer must be the same in an action to recover money only. If it be necessary to insert in the offer the allowance of costs in the latter instance, it must be in the former. We think the statute does not require it in either, and the order appealed from must be affirmed.