Court Opinion

ID: 4030234
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-08-31 16:01:03.257061+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:28:22.114879
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                     United States Court of Appeals
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         Tenth Circuit

                             FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                         August 31, 2016
                         _________________________________
                                                                        Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                            Clerk of Court
JAMES D. LEWIS,

      Plaintiff - Appellant,

v.                                                         No. 16-7007
                                                 (D.C. No. 6:14-CV-00362-RAW)
PROGRESSIVE PIPELINE                                       (E.D. Okla.)
CONSTRUCTION, LLC,

      Defendant - Appellee,

and

ONSHORE QUALITY CONTROL
SPECIALIST, LLC; JUAN SANCHEZ,

      Defendants.
                         _________________________________

                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
                         _________________________________

Before KELLY, McKAY, and MORITZ, Circuit Judges.
                  _________________________________

      James D. Lewis—a bend inspector on a pipeline construction project—brought

this pro se action against his employer, Onshore Quality Control Specialist, LLC;

another contractor on the construction project, Progressive Pipeline Construction,

      *
        After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value. See Fed. R. App. P. 32.1;
10th Cir. R. 32.1.
LLC; and a Progressive employee he identified as Juan Sanchez, a.k.a. “Abel.”1 In

his amended complaint, Lewis alleged that Abel snuck up behind him and “hit/stuck

[Lewis] in the back of the right shoulder with what felt like a closed hand, . . . held it

in place, . . . and said ‘how are you doing old buddy.’” R. vol. 1, 120-21. Although he

didn’t feel it at the time, Lewis asserts he later determined that, during this encounter,

Abel actually stuck Lewis with a needle and injected him with an unknown

substance, causing deleterious health issues for over a year.

      Lewis explained that Abel may have done so in an effort to help Progressive,

Onshore, or both remove Lewis “from the industry for a period of time and or

indefinitely.” Id. at 105. And he alleged Progressive was negligent by placing Abel

on the pipeline construction project to accomplish or to “assist in accomplish[ing] the

task of injecting [Lewis] with a substance capable of disablement for an unknown

period of time.” Id. at 102 (emphasis omitted).2 Lewis sought $6.5 million in

compensatory, statutory, and punitive damages.

      Progressive moved for summary judgment. In ruling on the motion, the district

court first suggested that many of Lewis’ claims couldn’t survive a motion to

dismiss, but nonetheless noted that “at the core of each and every claim is [Lewis’]

allegation that Abel stuck him with a needle containing a substance that caused him

      1
         Lewis later notified the district court that Abel’s full name is Abel Vellereal,
not Juan Sanchez as originally indicated. Like the district court and parties, we refer
to him simply as Abel.
       2
         Lewis also alleged numerous other “violations,” including conspiracy, civil
assault, civil battery, medical fraud, medical malpractice, practicing medicine
without a license, trickery, fraud of the fraud, defamation of character, libel, Fourth
Amendment civil rights violations, age discrimination, racketeering, and RICO. R.
vol. 1, 106, 148-51.
                                             2
harm.” R. vol. 2, 78. Thus, the court reasoned, “if [Lewis] has failed to create a

genuine issue of material fact with regard to that allegation, [each of] his claims

fail[s].” Id.

       The district court then explained that the only evidence Lewis offered in

support of his allegation was that (1) Abel hit Lewis on the right shoulder and held

his hand there; (2) about 30 to 45 seconds after this encounter, Lewis felt like he was

going to pass out and thus went to his truck for a couple of hours but felt normal by

the end of the day; (3) Lewis felt a puncture wound on his back the following day;

and (4) Lewis began having headaches within a couple of days of the incident,

causing him to believe Abel stuck him with a needle and injected him with a

substance.3 The district court stated, “Incredibly, [Lewis] has not produced any

medical records to support his allegations” and remarked that Lewis’

“acknowledgment of the lack of evidence is overwhelming.” Id. at 79. Notably,

although Lewis “believe[d] Abel injected him with something,” Lewis (1) didn’t see

Abel inject him with anything, (2) didn’t see Abel carrying a needle or see one on the

ground after the incident, and (3) couldn’t identify the chemical Abel allegedly

injected him with. Id. Explaining that “[b]eliefs, guesses, speculation and conclusory

       3
        Lewis also produced a photograph taken the day before the incident that
allegedly showed Abel sticking another employee in the back with a needle.
Progressive reproduced the photograph as an exhibit to its summary judgment
motion, but Lewis insisted that copy was altered by the defense. He also asserted that
the copy he filed with the court was altered by someone after filing. The district court
noted that it examined and relied on the copy filed by Lewis—not the one attached by
Progressive to its summary judgment motion—and that there was no evidence that
this copy had been altered. And after examining the photograph, the district court
opined that it didn’t show a needle, and thus declined to give the photograph any
evidentiary weight.
                                           3
allegations are not enough to survive a motion for summary judgment,” the district

court concluded that, “[v]iewing the evidence in the light most favorable to [Lewis],

a reasonable person could not find that a Progressive employee stuck him with a

needle and injected him with a substance.” Id. The district court thus granted

Progressive’s motion for summary judgment.

      Again acting pro se, Lewis appealed the district court’s grant of summary

judgment to Progressive.4 But we held his appeal in abeyance until the district court

confirmed that the other two defendants, Onshore and Abel, had been dismissed from

the action with prejudice.5 Once it did so, we lifted the abatement.

                                      ANALYSIS

      We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Adair v.

City of Muskogee, 823 F.3d 1297, 1304 (10th Cir. 2016). Summary judgment is

appropriate “if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material

fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).

“A genuine dispute as to a material fact exists when the evidence, construed in the

light most favorable to the non-moving party, is such that a reasonable jury could

return a verdict for the non-moving party.” Adair, 823 F.3d at 1304 (citation and

internal quotation marks omitted). When opposing a motion for summary judgment,

      4
         Although we liberally construe Lewis’ pro se filings, we won’t act as his
advocate. James v. Wadas, 724 F.3d 1312, 1315 (10th Cir. 2013).
       5
         In his amended complaint, Lewis also alleged that Onshore worked in
conjunction with Progressive to provide an opportunity for Abel to stick him. But
because the district court ultimately dismissed both Onshore and Abel with prejudice,
and Lewis doesn’t challenge their dismissal in this appeal, we focus solely on the
allegations against Progressive.
                                           4
the non-moving party “may not rely on mere allegations, or denials, contained in its

pleadings or briefs,” but instead “must set forth specific facts showing the presence

of a genuine issue of material fact for trial and significant probative evidence

supporting the allegations.” Trainor v. Apollo Metal Specialties, Inc., 318 F.3d 976,

982 (10th Cir. 2002) (citation omitted).

      Lewis filed two briefs,6 identifying eleven issues for our review and asserting a

laundry list of grievances against the district court, opposing counsel, Progressive,

and a treating nurse. But the only legal authority Lewis cites is N.Y. Judiciary Law

§ 487, the ABA Model Rule of Professional Conduct 8.4(c), and the Colorado Rule

of Professional Conduct 8.4(c).7

      We fail to see how a New York statute or the ABA or Colorado rules

governing the conduct of attorneys apply to this appeal. And because Lewis cites no

other authority to support his appellate arguments, he has waived those arguments.

See Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(8)(A) (noting that appellant’s brief must contain

“appellant’s contentions and the reasons for them, with citations to the authorities

and parts of the record on which the appellant relies” (emphasis added)); Adler v.

      6
         After Lewis filed his opening brief, he moved for leave to supplement his
opening brief. That motion was granted, and Lewis also filed a reply brief. On
August 29, 2016, Lewis filed (1) a motion for leave to file a first motion to
supplement the reply brief and (2) a first motion to supplement the reply brief.
Because we find further briefing unnecessary to resolve this appeal, we deny Lewis’
August 29 motions.
       7
         Section 487 states that an attorney who is “guilty of any deceit or
collusion . . . [i]s guilty of a misdemeanor, and in addition to the punishment
prescribed therefor by the penal law, he forfeits to the party injured treble damages,
to be recovered in a civil action.” Both versions of Rule 8.4(c) state that “[i]t is
professional misconduct for a lawyer to . . . engage in conduct involving dishonesty,
fraud, deceit or misrepresentation.”
                                             5
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 144 F.3d 664, 679 (10th Cir. 1998) (“Arguments inadequately

briefed in the opening brief are waived, and bald assertions in briefs that there are

genuine issues of material fact are insufficient to merit reversal of summary

judgment.” (citations omitted)).8

      In short, Lewis fails to cite any controlling authority entitling him to relief. In

any event, our de novo review confirms that Lewis failed to respond to Progressive’s

motion for summary judgment with any specific facts to create a genuine dispute as

to whether Abel stuck him with a needle or injected him with any foreign substance.

Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s order granting summary judgment in

Progressive’s favor.9

                                            Entered for the Court

                                            Nancy L. Moritz
                                            Circuit Judge

      8
          In his supplemental brief, Lewis disagrees with various statements and
characterizations made in Progressive’s motion for summary judgment. But even if
we liberally construe his supplemental brief as generally challenging the district
court’s conclusion that Lewis failed to present sufficient evidence to create a genuine
issue of material fact, his brief contains only “unsupported conclusory allegations
[that] do not create a genuine issue of fact.” See James, 724 F.3d at 1315 (citation
omitted). Thus, he still fails to show he is entitled to reversal of summary judgment.
        9
          Lewis filed a “Motion for to File Electron [sic] Information,” requesting that
we allow him to file a DVD and jump drive, along with an original electronic copy of
Doc. 132, which he claims shows that document was manipulated. Because we deny
Lewis relief on all of his asserted claims—including that Doc. 132 was amended after
filing—we deny Lewis’ motion as moot. Specifically, even if the electronic
information shows what Lewis asserts, he has failed to cite any controlling authority
entitling him to relief.
                                             6