Court Opinion

ID: 9901282
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-21 16:16:07.466497+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:21:30.028730
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

              Present: Judges Fulton, Friedman and Chaney
UNPUBLISHED

              LAMONT DECARLO BOOKER
                                                                               MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.     Record No. 0810-22-1                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                                 NOVEMBER 21, 2023
              COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

                              FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF PORTSMOUTH
                                             Kenneth R. Melvin, Judge

                              (Lamont Decarlo Booker, on briefs), pro se.

                              (Jason S. Miyares, Attorney General; Susan Hallie Hovey-Murray,
                              Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for appellee. Appellee
                              submitting on brief.

                     Lamont Decarlo Booker appeals the circuit court’s order denying his motion to vacate his

              conviction as void on grounds of extrinsic fraud upon the court. Booker contends that the circuit

              court erred in finding that (1) his conviction was not void for extrinsic fraud upon the court and

              (2) the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to vacate the conviction. After examining the briefs and

              record in this case, the panel unanimously holds that oral argument is unnecessary because “the

              appeal is wholly without merit.”1 Code § 17.1-403(ii)(a); Rule 5A:27(a).

                                                        BACKGROUND

                     In 2017, a jury convicted Booker of possession with intent to distribute a Schedule I or II

              controlled substance and the circuit court sentenced him to incarceration for ten years. On

              appeal to this Court in 2018, Booker challenged the denial of his motion to suppress evidence.

                     *
                         This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1-413(A).
                     1
                       This Court also denies Booker’s motion to compel for grand jury transcripts and motion
              for review for exhibits.
This Court affirmed the circuit court’s judgment by memorandum opinion. See Booker v.

Commonwealth, No. 1542-17-1 (Va. Ct. App. Nov. 6, 2018). The Supreme Court subsequently

refused Booker’s further appeal, in part, and dismissed it, in part. See Booker v. Commonwealth,

No. 181621 (Va. June 18, 2019) (order).

       In February 2022, Booker moved the circuit court to vacate his conviction “for fraud

upon the court.” Booker alleged that his conviction was procured by extrinsic fraud because the

arresting officer fraudulently omitted “essential facts” from his probable cause affidavit.

Specifically, Booker contended that the officer identified his source merely as “a concern[ed]

citizen” when the officer knew that the source was an unreliable confidential informant. Booker

contended that the officer admitted to making this erroneous omission in his suppression hearing

testimony. Booker argued that this fraudulent omission prevented the magistrate and grand jury

from making valid probable cause judgments, rendering the warrant and subsequent indictment

void. Booker contended that consequently, the trial court “never had personal subject matter

jurisdiction, to hear, convict, or sentence” him, rendering his conviction void and subject to

challenge at any time.

       The circuit court found that the officer’s misstatements in his probable cause affidavit did

not constitute extrinsic fraud. The circuit court noted that “[e]xtrinsic fraud . . . does not include

fraud . . . involving acts or testimony the truth of which was, or might have been, at issue in the

proceeding before the Court which resulted in the judgment that is thus challenged.” Final

Order, R. 798 (citing Ellett v. Ellett, 35 Va. App. 97 (2001); Taylor v. Taylor, 159 Va. 338

(1932); Rowe v. Big Sandy Coal Corp., 197 Va. 136 (1955)). Upon finding that “[e]ach of

[Booker]’s challenges pertains to matters that could have been raised during the proceeding” at

trial, the circuit court concluded that “the facts alleged do not support a claim of extrinsic fraud

and are insufficient to void [Booker]’s conviction.” Id.

                                                 -2-
       After finding no extrinsic fraud, the circuit court held that under Rule 1:1, the court

lacked jurisdiction over Booker’s motion to vacate because more than 21 days had passed since

the court entered the final order of conviction. Upon finding that it lacked jurisdiction, the

circuit court denied Booker’s motion to vacate. Booker timely appealed the circuit court’s order.

                                            ANALYSIS

       Whether a circuit court has jurisdiction over a particular matter is a question of law that

this Court reviews de novo on appeal. See Reaves v. Tucker, 67 Va. App. 719, 727 (2017).

       “Jurisdiction . . . is the power to adjudicate a case upon the merits and dispose of it as

justice may require.” Pure Presbyterian Church of Wash. v. Grace of God Presbyterian Church,

296 Va. 42, 49 (2018) (alteration in original) (quoting Shelton v. Sydnor, 126 Va. 625, 629

(1920)). Under Rule 1:1, a circuit court has jurisdiction to vacate a criminal conviction “for

twenty-one days after the date of entry, and no longer.” Rule 1:1(a) (emphasis added).

However, “[a]n order that is void ab initio is a complete nullity that may be impeached directly

or collaterally by all persons, anywhere, at any time, or in any manner.” Burrell v.

Commonwealth, 283 Va. 474, 480 (2012) (quoting Collins v. Shepherd, 274 Va. 390, 402

(2007)).

       Booker invokes Code § 8.01-428(D), arguing—as he did below—that his conviction is

void because the police officer’s misstatements in his probable cause affidavit constituted a fraud

on the circuit court.2 Due to this alleged fraud, Booker contends that the circuit court had

jurisdiction to vacate his 2017 conviction, notwithstanding the time limits under Rule 1:1. We

disagree.

       2
         Code § 8.01-428(D) provides, in relevant part, “[t]his section does not limit the power
of the court to entertain at any time an independent action to relieve a party from any judgment
or proceeding, or . . . to set aside a judgment or decree for fraud upon the court.”
                                                 -3-
        When addressing challenges to otherwise final judgments based on alleged fraud on the

court, our Supreme Court has long distinguished between intrinsic fraud and extrinsic fraud. It is

well-established that “[t]he judgment of a court, procured by intrinsic fraud, i.e., by perjury,

forged documents, or other incidents of trial related to issues material to the judgment, is

voidable by direct attack at any time before the judgment becomes final.” State Farm Mut. Auto.

Ins. Co. v. Remley, 270 Va. 209, 218 (2005) (alteration in original) (quoting Jones v. Willard,

224 Va. 602, 607 (1983)). In contrast, “the judgment of a court, procured by extrinsic fraud, i.e.,

by conduct which prevents a fair submission of the controversy to the court, is void and subject

to attack, direct or collateral, at any time.” Id.

        The record supports the circuit court’s finding that Booker’s claim for relief rests on

allegations of intrinsic fraud, not extrinsic fraud. As the circuit court noted, extrinsic fraud does

not include fraud involving testimony that was, or could have been, challenged during the

proceeding that resulted in the conviction. See Ellett, 35 Va. App. at 101. The record

demonstrates that the truthfulness of the officer’s probable cause affidavit was raised at Booker’s

suppression hearing—before his conviction became final. Thus, the allegedly fraudulent

misstatements in the officer’s probable cause affidavit do not constitute extrinsic fraud.

Therefore, the alleged fraud did not void Booker’s conviction.

        Claims of intrinsic fraud render a judgment merely voidable and, thus, subject to the

21-day time limit under Rule 1:1. See Singh v. Mooney, 261 Va. 48, 54 (2001). Because

Booker’s 2017 conviction was not void ab initio, the circuit court lacked jurisdiction under Rule

1:1 to vacate the conviction.

                                                     -4-
                                         CONCLUSION

       The circuit court correctly held that it lacked jurisdiction to consider Booker’s motion to

vacate his conviction. Accordingly, this Court affirms the circuit court’s judgment.

                                                                                          Affirmed.

                                               -5-