Court Opinion

ID: 9778010
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-29 20:30:09.992279+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:33:02.846777
License: Public Domain

MAUZY, Justice.
This case involves an action for damages arising from the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act (the “DTPA”). The trial court rendered judgment in accordance with the jury’s verdict finding for the Browns, and awarded damages against LaMarque Ford and Galleria Ford for the improper repair of a Ford pickup truck. The court of appeals reversed and remanded the cause to the trial court as to Galleria Ford and affirmed the judgment as to LaMarque Ford holding there was no evidence that Galleria Ford represented to the Browns that it would restore their truck to its pre-accident condition, and then failed to do so. 748 S.W.2d 239. We reverse the judgment of the court of appeals and affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Mr. and Mrs. Mark Brown purchased a new truck from LaMarque Ford of Texas on August 29, 1985. Six days later, the truck was involved in an accident causing severe collision damage to the vehicle. The Browns took the truck to LaMarque’s body shop and were told it would be repaired to its pre-accident condition within approximately three weeks. The Browns authorized LaMarque to do the repair work. On November 15, 1985, during the time the truck was being repaired, LaMarque en*115tered into a contract to sell the Ford dealership to three individuals. Pending Ford’s approval, LaMarque and the three individuals, who ultimately incorporated as Galleria Area Ford, Inc., executed a Management Agreement which gave the potential owners full managerial authority for the day-to-day operations of the business.
On December 23, 1985, the truck was returned to the Browns, as completely repaired. They found the repairs to be unsatisfactory and later filed this suit against both LaMarque and Galleria under the DTPA alleging that both defendants knowingly misrepresented repair services, and engaged in an unconscionable act or course of action. Additionally, the Browns alleged that Galleria was a successor in interest to, and was “inextricably intertwined” with, LaMarque. The trial court rendered judgment in accordance with the jury’s verdict for the Browns and awarded them damages in the amount of $31,640.00 against LaMarque and Galleria.
On appeal by Galleria, the court of appeals reversed the judgment of the trial court holding that there was no evidence that Galleria represented to the Browns that it would restore their truck to its pre-accident condition, and then failed to do so. The court of appeals further held that Galleria was not subject to suit under the DTPA as a party who sought to enjoy the benefits of a transaction which constitutes a violation under the DTPA. Additionally, the court of appeals concluded that there was not shown to have been such dual responsibility between Galleria and LaM-arque that they were “inextricably intertwined” in the transaction so as to be equally responsible.
Based on Galleria’s independent conduct, the Browns argue that Galleria is liable for damages because the jury found four separate and knowing violations under the DTPA as to Galleria, and because these findings were supported by some evidence. In addition to the independent liability found against Galleria, the Browns assert that there was some evidence establishing a sufficient nexus between Galleria and LaMarque to make each group responsible for the actions of the other.
Essentially, the Browns argue that Galleria and LaMarque were “inextricably intertwined” within the meaning of Knight v. International Harvester Credit Corp., 627 S.W.2d 382, 389 (Tex.1982), and therefore, both are equally responsible for liability arising out of the transaction at issue. In support of this argument, the Browns maintain that even with all the relevant documents and testimony adduced at trial, it is difficult to determine, as between LaMarque and Galleria, who was responsible for what during the overlapping management period. The Browns point out that Galleria’s president testified that he didn’t fully understand the Management Agreement which existed between Galleria and LaMarque. Furthermore, the Browns assert that as to the public in general, the two companies appeared to mesh together in a seamless web. This assertion is based on the fact that the new managers, Bott, Kechler, and Laughter, assumed full control of the dealership in mid-November, and that they formed a corporation, Galleria Ford, in early December and began representing to the public that the dealership was now operating as Galleria Ford which is indicated by the fact that the dealership’s phone was answered “Galleria Ford.”
We decline to address this alternative theory of recovery. In light of our conclusion that there is some evidence to support the jury’s finding that Galleria Ford engaged in an unconscionable act or course of action in the repair of the Browns’ truck, we need not reach this issue to properly dispose of this case.
The Browns argue that the court of appeals erred in failing to consider evidence to support the jury’s finding that Galleria engaged in an unconscionable act or course of action in the repair of the truck. In response, Galleria contends that the record is devoid of any evidence to support such a finding. In deciding the question of whether there is evidence of probative force to support a jury finding, we must consider only the evidence and inferences tending to support the finding and disregard all evi*116dence and inferences to the contrary. Garza v. Alviar, 395 S.W.2d 821, 823 (Tex.1965).
Unconscionable action or course of action is an act or practice which, to a person’s detriment:
A. Takes advantage of the lack of knowledge, ability, experience, or ca-pabity of a person to a grossly unfair degree; or
B. Results in a gross disparity between the value received and consideration paid in a transaction involving the transfer of consideration.
Tex.Bus. & Com.Code § 17.45(5). Taking advantage of a consumer’s lack of knowledge to a grossly unfair degree requires a showing that the resulting unfairness was glaringly noticeable, flagrant, complete and unmitigated. Chastain v. Koonce, 700 S.W.2d 579, 584 (Tex.1985). A consumer’s proof of gross disparity under subdivision B must show a glaring and flagrant disparity between the consideration paid and the value received. Id. at 583. Some evidence under either definition of unconscionability will support the trial court’s judgment.
Under the facts in this case, we conclude that there is some evidence under both subdivisions to support a finding that Galleria engaged in an unconscionable act or course of action in the repair of the Brown’s truck. It is undisputed that there was a gross disparity between the value received and the consideration paid by the Browns. Expert testimony established that the truck was released to the Browns in a condition that made it dangerous to drive. Specifically, one expert testified that the truck had been so damaged in the repair work that the frame was beyond repair. This testimony was unrebutted.
Moreover, there is some evidence that the Browns were taken advantage of to a grossly unfair degree. A review of the Management Agreement reveals that complete day-to-day operational responsibility for the dealership shifted to Bott, Kechler and Laughter on November 17, 1985. However, the Management Agreement provided that LaMarque collect gross receipts and pay labor and parts for repair and body work in process prior to November 17, 1985. Neither Galleria nor the three individuals who formed it shared in the proceeds for the repair of the truck. Consequently, the Browns’ truck was suspended in limbo between the old owners and the new owners of the dealership. LaMarque Ford had, under the Management Agreement, no further operational participation, and Galleria Ford had no economic incentive to ensure the repair work was conducted properly.
It is important to note that the Browns were never apprised of this complicated arrangement between LaMarque and Galleria. During trial, Mr. Brown testified that he did not know who owned or was running the Ford dealership at the time he discovered all the problems with the repair work on his truck. The evidence adduced at trial revealed that while the truck was being repaired, the phone at the dealership was answered “Galleria Ford.” In addition, during this same period, persons employed at Galleria told one of the Browns’ witnesses with respect to the change of the dealership: “We are the same happy folks ... here to help you but we changed names ... [Everything else [is] the same.” In light of the evidence presented by the Browns, we conclude that in representing itself to the public and to the Browns as the new company in charge of the dealership, Galleria took advantage to a grossly unfair degree of the Browns’ lack of knowledge concerning the internal working relationship and agreements that allocated responsibility and liability between themselves and LaMarque.
The court of appeals has effectively ruled that Galleria is relieved of liability, as a matter of law, by proof that it had an agreement with LaMarque Ford that it would not be responsible for deceptive trade practices perpetrated upon the public *117in its name. This holding by the court of appeals is in error. The central purpose of the DTPA is the protection of consumers against false, misleading, and deceptive business practices, and unconscionable actions. The jury in this case found that Galleria had engaged in an unconscionable act or course of action in the repair of the Browns’ truck, and such finding is supported by the evidence and the trial court’s judgment therefore must be affirmed.
For the reasons stated, the judgment of the court of appeals is reversed and judgment is here rendered for the Browns.