Court Opinion

ID: 4665824
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-03-08 23:17:51.171064+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:11:16.080116
License: Public Domain

03/08/2021
                IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT NASHVILLE
                                January 28, 2021 Session

  JESSICA MEEKS CONINE ET AL. v. MEDTRONIC SOFAMOR DANEK
                          USA, INC.

                 Appeal from the Circuit Court for Davidson County
                     No. 19C1735 Kelvin D. Jones III, Judge

                             No. M2020-00614-COA-R3-CV

Plaintiff Jessica Meeks Conine brought this products liability action against Medtronic
Sofamor Danek USA, Inc. (“Defendant”) on July 24, 2019, alleging that titanium screws
implanted in her back during surgery on November 4, 2014, were defective. Plaintiff had
filed and nonsuited two prior actions based on the same allegations, once in federal district
court and once in Davidson County Circuit Court. The trial court granted Defendant’s
motion to dismiss on the grounds that this action was time-barred by the one-year statute
of limitations, Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-104, and not saved by the saving statute, Tenn.
Code Ann. § 28-1-105(a). We affirm.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed;
                                  Case Remanded

KRISTI M. DAVIS, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which JOHN W. MCCLARTY and
THOMAS R. FRIERSON, II, JJ., joined.

Jessica Meeks Conine, Chattanooga, Tennessee, appellant, Pro Se.

Bryan T. Pratt, Kansas City, Missouri, and Gary C. Shockley, Nashville, Tennessee, for
appellee, Medtronic Sofamor Danek USA, Inc.

                                        OPINION

                                     I. BACKGROUND

      Plaintiff alleges, and Defendant does not dispute, that she discovered her injury on
June 24, 2015. Her cause of action accrued on that date, and the statutory limitations period
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expired one year later, on June 24, 2016. Plaintiff filed her first lawsuit in federal court on
June 1, 2016. The federal court entered an order stating that it “may not have subject matter
jurisdiction of this action,” and ordering Plaintiff to file a response addressing and
“establishing if this court does, in fact, have subject matter jurisdiction of this action.”
Plaintiff moved for voluntary dismissal without prejudice without addressing the
jurisdiction issue. The federal court dismissed the action without prejudice on August 31,
2016.

        Plaintiff filed her second lawsuit in circuit court on October 31, 2016. She moved
for a voluntary nonsuit without prejudice in February of 2019, which the court granted on
March 18, 2019. Plaintiff filed her third lawsuit, the current action, in the same circuit
court on July 24, 2019. This occurred three years and one month after the statute of
limitations expired, and two years and ten months after the federal court nonsuited her first
action without prejudice.

       Defendant moved for dismissal under Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.02(6), arguing the third
action was untimely filed. In her response, Plaintiff alleged that the parties had entered
into an agreement whereby “the Defendant agreed to protect [Plaintiff’s] procedural rights
in exchange for the federal nonsuit.” Plaintiff filed numerous attachments to her response,
including a copy of email exchanges between her then-counsel and defense counsel
negotiating Defendant’s proposal to “agree to protect [Plaintiff’s] procedural rights . . . if
you agree to dismiss the current action without prejudice.”

       Plaintiff also filed the affidavit of her attorney at that time, in which he stated:

       Mr. Phillips [defense counsel] sent me an email on June 7, 2016, which
       offered to protect [Plaintiff’s] procedural rights (including tolling the statute
       of limitations and protecting her rights to nonsuit) in exchange for my non-
       suiting the federal case. I accepted his offer.

Defendant replied by asserting that Plaintiff’s counsel did not accept Defendant’s offer.
Defendant filed an “email string between Medtronic’s in-house counsel Steve Philips and
Plaintiff’s then-counsel Chuck Flynn [that] conclusively demonstrates that Mr. Phillips’
proposal . . . was expressly withdrawn . . . prior to the filing of Medtronic’s answer.”

       The trial court’s final order states that “the Court directed the parties to search for
any additional email communications between” parties’ counsel, and notes that “Defendant
filed the affidavit of Steve Phillips, a Rule 902(11) certification, and an email string
consisting of approximately 15 email messages.” The trial court concluded, “[b]ased on
the parties’ briefs, the affidavits and exhibits filed, the argument of counsel, and the record
as a whole, the Court finds that Defendant’s motion to dismiss is well taken and hereby

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grants that motion on the grounds that this action is barred by the statute of limitations and
does not fall within the savings statute.”

                                          II. ISSUES

       Plaintiff raises the following issues, as restated:

       1. Whether the trial court erred in holding that her action was time-barred by the
       statute of limitations and not preserved by the Tennessee saving statute.

       2. Whether the trial court erred in holding that Defendant was not equitably
       estopped from asserting the statute of limitations due to the alleged agreement
       between the parties to allow an extension of time for Plaintiff to file her action.

                                 III. STANDARD OF REVIEW

       As this Court has often stated, “[w]hen matters outside the pleadings are considered
by the trial court, . . . as they were in this case, a motion to dismiss is converted to a motion
for summary judgment.” Cartwright v. DMC-Memphis Inc., 468 S.W.3d 517, 522 (Tenn.
Ct. App. 2014); see Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.02. A trial court may grant summary judgment
only if the “pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file,
together with the affidavits . . . show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact
and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Tenn. R. Civ. P.
56.04. The propriety of a trial court’s summary judgment decision presents a question of
law, which we review de novo with no presumption of correctness. Kershaw v. Levy, 583
S.W.3d 544, 547 (Tenn. 2019).

       “The moving party has the ultimate burden of persuading the court that there are no
genuine issues of material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter
of law.” Martin v. Norfolk S. Ry., 271 S.W.3d 76, 83 (Tenn. 2008). As our Supreme Court
has instructed,

       when the moving party does not bear the burden of proof at trial, the moving
       party may satisfy its burden of production either (1) by affirmatively negating
       an essential element of the nonmoving party’s claim or (2) by demonstrating
       that the nonmoving party’s evidence at the summary judgment stage is
       insufficient to establish the nonmoving party’s claim or defense.

Rye v. Women’s Care Ctr. of Memphis, 477 S.W.3d 235, 264 (Tenn. 2015) (emphasis in
original). “[I]f the moving party bears the burden of proof on the challenged claim at trial,
that party must produce at the summary judgment stage evidence that, if uncontroverted at
trial, would entitle it to a directed verdict.” TWB Architects, Inc. v. Braxton, LLC, 578
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S.W.3d 879, 888 (Tenn. 2019) (citing Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 331, 106
S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986)).

        When a party files and properly supports a motion for summary judgment as
provided in Rule 56, “to survive summary judgment, the nonmoving party may not rest
upon the mere allegations or denials of its pleading, but must respond, and by affidavits or
one of the other means provided in Tennessee Rule 56, set forth specific facts . . . showing
that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Rye, 477 S.W.3d at 265 (internal quotation marks
and brackets in original omitted). “Whether the nonmoving party is a plaintiff or a
defendant—and whether or not the nonmoving party bears the burden of proof at trial on
the challenged claim or defense—at the summary judgment stage, ‘[t]he nonmoving party
must demonstrate the existence of specific facts in the record which could lead a rational
trier of fact to find in favor of the nonmoving party.’” TWB Architects, 578 S.W.3d at 889
(quoting Rye, 477 S.W.3d at 265).

       In reviewing the trial court’s summary judgment decision, we accept the evidence
presented by the nonmoving party (in this case, Plaintiff) as true; allow all reasonable
inferences in her favor; and “resolve any doubts about the existence of a genuine issue of
material fact in favor of” Plaintiff, the party opposing summary judgment. Id. at 887.

                                        IV. ANALYSIS

      Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 41.01, which addresses voluntary nonsuits,
provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

       (1) Subject to the provisions of Rule 23.05, Rule 23.06, or Rule 66 or of any
       statute, and except when a motion for summary judgment made by an adverse
       party is pending, the plaintiff shall have the right to take a voluntary nonsuit
       to dismiss an action without prejudice . . . .

       (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a notice of
       dismissal operates as an adjudication upon the merits when filed by a plaintiff
       who has twice dismissed in any court an action based on or including the
       same claim.

       The saving statute upon which Plaintiff relies provides, in pertinent part:

       If the action is commenced within the time limited by a rule or statute of
       limitation, but the judgment or decree is rendered against the plaintiff upon
       any ground not concluding the plaintiff’s right of action, . . . the plaintiff, . .
       . may, from time to time, commence a new action within one (1) year after
       the reversal or arrest.
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Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-1-105(a).

       The 2006 Advisory Commission Comment to Rule 41.01, which addresses the
interplay between that rule and the saving statute, provides the following caveat:

       Although Rule 41.01(2) allows two nonsuits without prejudice, a plaintiff
       must carefully consider the separate issue of whether the saving statute,
       T.C.A. § 28-1-105, authorizes a recommencement of the plaintiff’s action
       after a nonsuit. A plaintiff should note that taking a second nonsuit, which
       is permitted by Rule 41.01(2), does not initiate a second one-year period for
       recommencing the action under the saving statute.

(Emphasis in original). In keeping with this admonition, Tennessee courts have
consistently applied the principle that “after the taking of any nonsuit to the original action,
any additional suits would have to be filed within one year of the first nonsuit to be within
the purview of T.C.A. Sec. 28-1-105.” Mount Hopewell Missionary Baptist Church v.
Found. Capital Res., Inc., No. M2020-00107-COA-R3-CV, 2021 WL 352019, at *2 (Tenn.
Ct. App. Feb. 2, 2021) (quoting Payne v. Matthews, 633 S.W.2d 494, 496 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1982)); see also Rector v. DACCO, Inc., No. M2005-00294-COA-R3-CV, 2006 WL
1749525, at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. June 26, 2006) (stating “the courts have made it clear that
all complaints after the first one must be filed within one year from the date of the dismissal
of the first complaint,” and “plaintiffs who file their initial complaint in federal court enjoy
the same one-year saving period that is available to plaintiffs who file their initial complaint
in state court under Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-1-105(a)”); Watts v. Kroger Co., 102 S.W.3d
645, 648 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2002) (“plaintiff’s third action brought more than one year after
the dismissal of the first action is time barred”); Creed v. Valentine, 967 S.W.2d 325, 326
(Tenn. Ct. App. 1997) (“the failure to bring the third action within one year from the
original dismissal results in this case being time barred”); Knight v. Ram Nationwide, Inc.,
100 Fed. App’x 419, 421 (6th Cir. 2004) (applying Tennessee law to affirm dismissal under
rule that “when a suit filed within the applicable statute of limitations is dismissed without
prejudice, any subsequent suit based on the same cause of action must be instituted within
one year after the termination of the first action in order to be timely”) (internal quotation
marks omitted).

      In Frazier v. E. Tenn. Baptist Hosp., 55 S.W.3d 925, 927-28 (Tenn. 2001), the
Supreme Court stated the applicable rule as follows:

       Reading Rule 41.01 and Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-1-105 together, their effect is
       to allow a plaintiff, having already commenced the original lawsuit within
       the applicable statute of limitations, to take a maximum of two voluntary
       dismissals without prejudice and still retain the capacity to re-join an original
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       defendant so long as the plaintiff “commence[s] a new action” within one
       year of the granting of the first nonsuit.

        In the present case, because Plaintiff did not file this third action within one year
after the federal court dismissed her first action ̶ the only lawsuit filed within the statutory
limitations period ̶ the trial court correctly dismissed it as untimely filed. Plaintiff argues
that the federal trial court did not have subject matter jurisdiction, and therefore it could
not have had the authority to grant her request for a voluntary nonsuit. She contends that
the federal nonsuit should not “count” against her allowance of voluntary nonsuits provided
by Rule 41.01. However, neither the federal court nor any other tribunal ever entered an
order holding that it did not have subject matter jurisdiction. “It is well-settled that a trial
court speaks through its written orders.” Williams v. City of Burns, 465 S.W.3d 96,119
(Tenn. 2015). The federal court suggested it might not have diversity jurisdiction and
requested clarification from the parties. But Plaintiff asked for, and was granted, a
voluntary nonsuit before that question was answered.

       Secondly, Defendant did not ask the trial court to dismiss Plaintiff’s action based on
Rule 41.01, nor did the trial court base its ruling on its operation. Her complaint was
dismissed not because she had taken two prior nonsuits without prejudice but because the
action was time-barred and not preserved by the saving statute, a result clearly mandated
by the above-cited authorities.

       Regarding Plaintiff’s argument that the trial court erred in declining to hold that
Defendant was not equitably estopped from asserting the statute of limitations due to the
alleged tolling agreement between the parties, the trial court gave both sides ample time
and opportunity to present any evidence they wished on this matter. The email string
documenting Defendant’s proposal, and the negotiations between counsel that followed,
was placed into the record and considered by the trial court. Nothing in it suggests that the
parties reached an agreement. To the contrary, the email thread concludes as follows:

       Defense Counsel: I’m sorry you chose not to participate in the early
       resolution program I offered. To avoid any doubt, the offer is withdrawn.

       Plaintiff’s Counsel: I’m sorry we could not work this out.

       At the hearing before the trial court on this issue, Plaintiff’s then-counsel admitted,
“[t]here’s nothing in writing that we can find that would support the existence of a tolling
agreement.” Construing the evidence and reasonable inferences therefrom in the light most
favorable to Plaintiff, we find no trier of fact could conclude that the parties entered into
an agreement regarding Plaintiff’s procedural rights prior to her request for a voluntary
nonsuit from the federal court.

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                                   V. CONCLUSION

       The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. Costs on appeal are assessed to the
appellant, Jessica Meeks Conine, for which execution may issue if necessary.

                                        ______________________________________
                                        KRISTI M. DAVIS, JUDGE

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