Court Opinion

ID: 8783849
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-26 13:27:55.385128+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:02:58.517509
License: Public Domain

SMITH, Circuit Judge.
J. W. Hunt was born September 6, 1882, a member of the Quapaw Tribe, and received in two separate allotments an aggregate of 200 acres of land in the Quapaw reservation, in northeastern Oklahoma; his patents being dated, respectively, September 26 and October 19, 1896.
[1] The law ordinarily taking no cognizance of fractions of days, one becomes of full age the first moment of the day before his twenty-first anniversary. State v. Clarke, 3 Har. (Del.) 557; Wells v. Wells, 6 Ind. 447; Hamlin v. Stevenson, 4 Dana (Ky.) 597. Hunt therefore-became of age the. first moment of September 5, 1903. October 20, 1902, and while still a minor, he made to 'J. C. Haskett, Willis Wright, and A. J. Crawford a lease for 10 years of the lands allotted to him in consideration of $20 down and $5 on October 1, 1903, and the agreement to pay him 6 per cent, of all moneys received from the sale of ores from said premises. September 5, 1903, J. W. Hunt signed and acknowledged in consideration of $55 an instrument in which he recited that “the foregoing lease is this day redated, re-executed, and extended for the period of ten years from date hereof.” September 7, 1903, he executed, acknowledged, and delivered a similar instrument and did. the same on August 12, 1904. The government brought suit to set aside this lease and renewals because as alleged the said Hunt was a minor when the lease and first renewal and extension were executed, and all of said leases and renewals were invalid for the- same reasons relied on in United “ States v. Abrams (C. C. A.) 194 Fed. 82, and United States v. Noble, 197 Fed. 292, 115 C. C. A.-.
[2] Most of the questions raised here were disposed of in those cases, but in none of them was the question of infancy in any way involved. It has never been held that the government was any more the guardian of a minor Indian than of the adults, but, even if there were some peculiar guardianship of minor Indians, that would not enable the government to bring suit after an Indian had reached his majority to set aside leases made during his infancy. After he *299reached his majority Hunt redated, re-executed, and extended the lease. This was a distinct ratification by him. 22 Cyc. 545.
It is contended that these instruments of renewal executed by Hunt were not signed by the lessee, and were therefore void under the statute of frauds.
[3] The original lease was signed by both lessor and lessees, but the renewals and extensions were signed only by Hunt. It is alleged that the lessees in all things accepted the extension of August 12, 1904, and caused the same to be recorded. Whatever would be their position if seeking to avoid the renewal and extension, it is not claimed that it was ever the intention it should be signed by them and neither Hunt nor any one for him could while they were executing it set it aside on that ground.
It is not intimated hereby that the government could in any event maintain such an action.
No error appears and the rulings of the court below are affirmed.
ADAMS, Circuit Judge, for reasons stated in his dissenting opinion in the case of United States v. Noble, 197 Fed. 292, 115 C. C. A. --, just decided, so far as this case involves the same questions, dissents.