Court Opinion

ID: 2811086
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-06-24 02:10:47.147973+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:13:13.134711
License: Public Domain

J-A14012-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                       PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

NORMAN BENJAMIN HERRING,

                            Appellant                No. 1354 MDA 2014

             Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence June 30, 2014
                 In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0003830-2013

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., JENKINS, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.:                          FILED JUNE 23, 2015

        Norman Benjamin Herring (Appellant) appeals from the June 30, 2014

judgment of sentence of 10 to 20 years’ imprisonment after a jury found him

guilty of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse,1 statutory sexual assault,2

aggravated indecent assault,3 indecent assault,4 unlawful contact with a

minor,5 and corruption of minors.6 Appellant now challenges the sufficiency

____________________________________________

*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3123(a)(7).
2
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3122.1(a)(2).
3
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3125(a)(8).
4
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3126(a)(8).
5
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6318(a)(1).
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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of the evidence supporting his convictions and the ruling of the trial court on

his motion in limine.         After careful review, we affirm the judgement of

sentence.

        We set forth a factual summary of this matter as follows:

        During the summer of 2012, N.M., the victim, was 13 years old and

lived with her Mother, brother, stepbrother, and stepfather.        N.T., at 221-

222.     Mother’s sister, Aunt, lived two doors down from the victim’s

residence. N.T., at 131. Aunt lived with her two children, her boyfriend, her

boyfriend’s father, and her boyfriend’s brother, Appellant, who was 24 years

old at the time. N.T., at 131. The two families would routinely spend time

together, which is how N.M. and Appellant first met. N.T., at 132. N.M. and

Appellant started communicating directly with each other online and through

text messaging in the late summer of 2012. N.T., at 133.

        On September 22, 2012, N.M.’s parents left her at home while the rest

of the family went out. N.T., at 119. While they were out, she sent several

texts inquiring into exactly when to expect the family to arrive home. N.T.,

at 116, 224. N.M.’s stepfather found the texts suspicious and consequently

asked Aunt to go check on N.M.. N.T., at 119. Aunt testified that she saw

N.M. sitting on Appellant’s lap through the front window when she walked up

to the house. N.T., at 224. Aunt went back to her residence and returned

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

6
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6301.

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to N.M.’s house with her boyfriend, Appellant’s brother.         N.T., at 224.

Appellant’s brother testified that when he approached the residence he saw

Appellant and N.M. leaning in together at which time he yelled, “What the

hell are you guys doing?” N.T., at 240. N.M. ran upstairs and Appellant fled

out the back door. N.T., at. 240.

      An investigation ensued which resulted in charges being brought

against Appellant regarding alleged sexual contact with the victim. At trial,

N.M. testified that she and Appellant had four different sexual encounters.

The first encounter was at Appellant’s residence during which time they had

vaginal and anal sex.     N.T., at 135-36, 163-64.       The second encounter

occurred in N.M.’s bedroom where they had vaginal sex. N.T., at 139. The

third encounter took place at the cousin of Appellant’s residence, which

involved vaginal and anal sex. N.T., at 141. The final encounter occurred at

N.M.’s residence at which time they had oral sex.         N.T., at 143.   When

questioned about inconsistencies between her testimony in court and during

the initial investigation, where she did not implicate Appellant, N.M. testified

that she “didn’t tell them what happened because [she] was scared because

[she] thought that everything was [her] fault.”      N.T., at 185.    Appellant

claims that the victim fabricated the events entirely.

      On March 13, 2014, at the conclusion of the trial, Appellant was found

guilty and sentenced as stated above.       Appellant filed a timely notice of

appeal and complied with the trial court’s order to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)

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statement. The trial court issued its Rule 1925(a) opinion on November 6,

2014. Appellant now presents the following issues for our review:

     I.    Whether the evidence submitted at trial was insufficient to
           support:

           a. The verdict of guilty of involuntary deviate sexual
              intercourse when evidence submitted at trial failed to
              rise to the level of proof needed to establish that
              [Appellant] had deviate sexual intercourse with the
              alleged victim;

           b. The verdict of guilty of statutory sexual assault when
              evidence submitted at trial failed to rise to the level of
              proof needed to establish that [Appellant] had sexual
              intercourse with the alleged victim;

           c. The verdict of guilty of aggravated indecent assault
              when evidence submitted at trial failed to rise to the
              level of proof needed to establish that [Appellant]
              penetrated the genitals or anus of the minor child with
              his finger or other body part;

           d. The verdict of guilty of indecent assault when evidence
              submitted at trial failed to rise to the level of proof
              needed to establish that [Appellant] had indecent
              contract with the minor child;

           e. The verdict of guilty of unlawful contract with a minor
              when evidence submitted at trial failed to rise to the
              level of proof needed to establish that [Appellant] was
              intentionally in contact with the alleged victim for the
              purpose of engaging in an unlawful contact; and,

           f. The verdict of guilty of corruption of minor when
              evidence submitted at trial failed to rise to the level of
              proof needed to establish that [Appellant] corrupted or
              tended to corrupt the morals of the alleged victim by
              having sexual contact with the alleged victim.

     II.   Whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying
           [Appellant]’s motion to introduce evidence of the victim’s
           past sexual conduct pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3104

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            where [Appellant] sought to introduce evidence of the
            alleged victim’s past sexual assault:

            a. When such evidence would speak to the alleged victim’s
               bias, challenge her credibility, and establish that she
               had a motive to be untruthful; and

            b. When such evidence had a probative value which was
               exculpatory to [Appellant].

Appellant’s Brief, at 4.

                           Sufficiency of the Evidence

      Appellant presents a sufficiency of the evidence argument for each of

the six offenses, however; each claim challenges the same evidence, that of

intentional sexual contact between Appellant and the victim. Therefore, it is

unnecessary for us to review each claim.      If we find that the evidence at

issue satisfies a general sufficiency analysis, a fortiori, each claim will be

deemed sufficient.

      We review Appellant’s challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence

under the following, well-settled standard of review:

      A claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence is a question
      of law. Evidence will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict
      when it establishes each material element of the crime charged
      and the commission thereof by the accused, beyond a
      reasonable doubt. Where the evidence offered to support the
      verdict is in contradiction to the physical facts, in contravention
      to human experience and the laws of nature, then the evidence
      is insufficient as a matter of law. When reviewing a sufficiency
      claim the court is required to view the evidence in the light most
      favorable to the verdict winner giving the prosecution the benefit
      of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Widmer, 744 A.2d 745, 751-52 (Pa. 2000) (internal

citations omitted).

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      The common element to all offenses in the case at bar is the sexual

contact as discussed above.       Appellant supports his contention that the

evidence is insufficient to support the verdict as follows:

      No testimony or other evidence presented at trial corroborated
      [the victim]’s version of events. Her testimony was the sole
      evidence against Appellant for this charge.         The lack of
      corroborating testimony by witnesses, particularly given the fact
      that [the victim] herself indicated such witnesses existed, brings
      the veracity of her entire testimony into question. Without
      supporting evidence to corroborate her testimony, the evidence
      submitted at trial is so weak and inconclusive that no reliable
      determination of fact could have been made.

Appellant’s Brief, at 9.

      Appellant articulates this argument directly regarding the first offense

and incorporated by reference or similar argument in the rest.              To

summarize, Appellant’s sufficiency argument is directed entirely to the

credibility of the victim.   To address the claim that the verdict should not

stand on the testimony of the victim alone, we rely on this Court’s well

established rules regarding sexual offense victims.

      [I]t is axiomatic that “[t]he Commonwealth may sustain its
      burden by proving the crime’s elements with evidence which is
      entirely circumstantial and the trier of fact, who determines
      credibility of witnesses and the weight to give the evidence
      produced, is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence.”
      Commonwealth v. Brown, 701 A.2d 252, 254 (Pa. Super.
      1997) (citations omitted). In the case of sexual offenses, the
      testimony of the victim alone is sufficient to convict, and medical
      evidence is not required if the fact finder believes the victim.
      Commonwealth v. Owens, 649 A.2d 129, 133 (Pa. Super.
      1994).

Commonwealth v. Jette, 818 A.2d 533, 534 (Pa. Super. 2003).

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       The Commonwealth provided several witnesses that testified as to

having seen the victim and Appellant engaged in questionable behavior.

Further, the victim testified that she had oral, vaginal, and anal sex with

Appellant. The finder of fact was free to render a verdict based entirely on

this testimony. For us to find this evidence insufficient as a matter of law, it

must contravene the human experience and laws of nature.                There is

nothing established in the record which leads us to the conclusion that the

evidence as presented is so impossible.          Accordingly, when viewed in the

light most favorable to the Commonwealth, as verdict winner, we find that

the elements of each offense have been sufficiently established.

                                 Abuse of Discretion

       We next consider Appellant’s argument that the trial court abused its

discretion when it found the evidence of the victim’s past sexual conduct

inadmissible. A day before trial, pursuant to the Rape Shield Law,7 Appellant

sought, to introduce evidence that the victim had reported a prior sexual

assault. The court heard arguments on the motion, and granted it in part

and denied it in part.      Appellant contends that he successfully pierced the

Rape Shield, and that therefore the trial court was required to grant his

motion in full. We disagree.

____________________________________________

7
       18 Pa.C.S. § 3104.

                                           -7-
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        When ruling on a trial court's decision to grant or deny a motion in

limine, we apply an evidentiary abuse of discretion standard of review.

Commonwealth v. Bozyk, 987 A.2d 753, 755–756 (Pa. Super.2009)

(citations omitted). The admission of evidence is committed to the sound

discretion of the trial court, and a trial court's ruling regarding the admission

of evidence will not be disturbed on appeal “unless that ruling reflects

‘manifest unreasonableness, or partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will, or such

lack of support to be clearly erroneous.’” Id. (quoting Commonwealth v.

Einhorn, 911 A.2d 960, 972 (Pa. Super.2006)).

        Initially, we note that the trial court applied the correct law in

reviewing Appellant’s motion under general rules of evidence, not the Rape

Shield Law. We have held that if the prior sexual conduct was a prior sexual

assault, then the Rape Shield Law does not apply and the evidence is

evaluated under the general evidentiary rules.8      Commonwealth v. Fink,

791 A.2d 1235, 1241 (Pa. Super. 2002). The court applied Pennsylvania law

regarding Relevance,9 Character Evidence,10 and A Witness’s Character for

Truthfulness or Untruthfulness11 in scrutinizing Appellant’s motion.
____________________________________________

8
  The Rape Shield Law provides, in pertinent part: “Evidence of specific
instances of the alleged victim's past sexual conduct… shall not be
admissible… except… where consent… is at issue and such evidence is
otherwise admissible pursuant to the rules of evidence” (emphasis
added). 18 Pa.C.S. § 3104.
9
    Pa.R.E. 401.

                                           -8-
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        The trial court analyzed Appellant’s claim considering the following

prongs of Appellant’s motion:

        1. The victim had been previously sexually assaulted;

        2. That this was not reported;

        3. That the victim’s mother did not believe the victim regarding
           the prior sexual assault;

        4. That the victim’s knowledge of sexual           techniques   or
           nomenclature did not come from [Appellant].

Trial Court Opinion, 11/6/14, at 9-10.

        The trial court ruled that Appellant was able to establish an alternate

theory of why the victim’s hymen was torn by asking the nurse about the

past sexual assault. This first prong of the motion was granted and requires

no analysis on appeal.

        The court went on to rule that the opinion of the victim’s mother failed

to come in as character evidence or reputation evidence.

        Evidence of a person's character or a trait of character is not
        admissible for the purpose of proving action in conformity
        therewith on a particular occasion[.] In a criminal case, subject
        to limitations imposed by statute, evidence of a pertinent trait of
        character of the alleged victim is admissible when offered by the
        accused, or by the prosecution to rebut the same.

Pa.R.E. 404(a)(2)(i).

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)
10
     Pa.R.E. 404(a)(2)(i).
11
     Pa.R.E. 608(b)(1).

                                            -9-
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      Appellant contends that truthfulness is always a pertinent character

trait of any witness.    He incorrectly deduces that the opinion about the

victim’s truthfulness meets the exception and so is admissible under a Rule

404 analysis.   Were truthfulness to be regarded as a pertinent character

trait, then Appellant would not be wrong in asserting that the evidence

meets the exception, however; this Court distinguishes between a pertinent

character trait and general truthfulness.

      In light of the recognized interpretation of the term, we conclude
      that a “pertinent” character trait is limited to a character trait of
      the victim that is relevant to the crime or defense at issue in the
      case. Therefore, whenever the accused seeks to offer character
      evidence for purposes of attacking or supporting the credibility of
      a victim who testifies, the admissibility of such evidence is
      governed by Pa.R.E. 608 and proof of specific incidents of
      conduct by either cross-examination or extrinsic evidence is
      prohibited.

Com. v. Minich, 4 A.3d 1063, 1072 (Pa. Super. 2010).

      Rule 608 also provides that opinion testimony about a witness's

character for truthfulness or untruthfulness is not admissible. Consequently,

we find no error in the trial court ruling against this second prong of the

motion.

      As to the third prong, the court found questions with reference to the

lack of reporting to be irrelevant. Evidence is relevant if it has any tendency

to make a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence

and the fact is of consequence in determining the action.          Pa.R.E. 401.

Appellant’s argument is that the evidence was relevant to establish a motive

to lie or to fabricate the allegations. No reference to what the motive may

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have been for the victim to lie or how the evidence would serve to support

that theory is provided.    That the victim did not report the prior sexual

assault, without more, does not tend to prove or disprove any material fact

in the case at bar. Accordingly, we find no error in the trial court’s ruling on

this prong.

      Finally, the trial court ruled to exclude evidence of the victim’s

knowledge of sexual techniques and nomenclature.          “Evidence of a prior

sexual assault by another man is not admissible to show knowledge by the

child victim of sexual techniques or nomenclature unless the evidence

exonerates the defendant.” Fink, 791 A.2d at 1241. Appellant has failed to

show how exposing the victim’s knowledge of sexual techniques or

nomenclature would serve to exonerate him.        Therefore, we conclude that

the trial court did not abuse its discretion in so disposing of Appellant’s

motion.

      Judgment of sentence AFFIRMED.

      Judge Strassburger joins this memorandum.

      Judge Jenkins concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 6/23/2015

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