Court Opinion

ID: 8794255
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-26 14:03:24.735661+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:03:31.896092
License: Public Domain

ROGERS, Circuit Judge
(after stating thé facts as above). The question presented to us is whether an error was committed by the court below in declining to reopen the adjudication of bankruptcy entered against Mr. McGovern. Did the court below have jurisdiction to adjudicate the firm of Mitchell & Co. or any of the partners a bankrupt?
The Bankruptcy Act, § 2, gives courts of bankruptcy jurisdiction “to adjudge persons bankrupt who have had their principal place of business, resided, or had their domicile within their respective territorial jurisdictions for the preceding six months, or .the greater portion thereof.”
The allegation in the petition in bankruptcy upon the matter of residence or domicile was as follows:
“That J. Murray Mitchell, Thomas B. McGovern, and Frederick B. Alexander are and have been for more than six months next preceding the date of the filing of this petition, engaged principally in the business, of stockbrokers, arid that their principal place of business during all of said period has been and now is in the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in said Southern District of New York.”
The allegation thus made is somewhat indefinite. The appellant claims that the statement must be regarded as an allegation that the firm of Mitchell & Co. had their principal place of business in the Southern District of New York, and that there is no allegation that McGovern was a resident of New York, or that any of the individual members of the firm had a residence or domicile in New York. The contention is, therefore, that upon the allegations the court was without jurisdiction, as the partnership has not continued for more than three months. The petition, however, alleged, if we accept the appellant’s construction of it, that Mitchell, McGovern, and Alexander had been partners for more than six months, and that during that period their place of business was in the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the Southern District of New York. Mitchell and Alexander put in no answer. McGovern'appeared by attorney in fact and denied merely that he was insolvent and that a transfer had been made as the petition alleged with intent to prefer. The averments as to the partnership and the principal place of business were not put in issue. The averments of residence stood uncontested at the time the court entered its decree. And if the court below had jurisdiction of the subject-matter then the fact that McGovern appeared by his attorney and put in an answer without raising the objection as to residence might be urged to show that he had consented to the court’s jurisdiction. But the law is that the residence or domicile' of a bankrupt'within the territorial jurisdiction of the court, or his having carried on ’business within the district for the' greater portion pf s.ix months before -the filing of a .petition by or against him, is an essential jurisdictional fact, without the *693existence of which the District Court is without authority to proceed to an adjudication of bankruptcy.
“And this essential fact must appear affirmatively and distinctly and not be left to presumption or conjecture. Nor can this requirement as to jurisdiction be waived by the bankrupt or the creditors. Neither consent nor failure to object can confer authority to proceed upon a court which would not have jurisdiction under tile express language of the statute.” Black on Bankruptcy, § 19.
In Fogarty v. Gerrity, 1 Sawyer, 233, Fed. Cas. No. 4,895 (1870), a petition had been filed against certain parties praying that they be adjudged bankrupts, and on the return day they appeared and with their own consent were so adjudged. Subsequently an attaching creditor appeared and moved upon affidavits to vacate all the proceedings on the ground that the court had no jurisdiction over the case, as the bankrupts had resided in the district some six weeks prior to> the filing of the petition against them and not for six months required by the act. It was urged that the court had acquired jurisdiction by consent of the bankrupts. The court, however, held that the proceedings should be set aside and vacated as the court was without jurisdiction. Judge Hoffman said:
"But consent cannot give jurisdiction — and that the question is one of power and jurisdiction in the court is evident — nor can it make any difference whether the proceeding is voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy.”
[1] The law requires the petition in bankruptcy to be addressed to the court authorized by law to take cognizance of the case, ft cannot be addressed to any other. Collier on Bankruptcy, after stating that the requirements as to residence are jurisdictional and cannot be waived by the voluntary appearance, of the debtor, goes on to say that:
“The court may of its own volition inquire into the facts as to these jurisdictional requirements so as 1o protect itself against fraud or imposition.” Collier on Bankruptcy (10th Ed. 1914), p. 30.
[2] It is necessary, therefore, to determine whether this petitioner is correct in his interpretation of the meaning which is to be given as to the allegation in the petition of bankruptcy.
The allegation is somewhat obscure. It is not in express terms an averment that J. Murray Mitchell, Thomas B. McGovern, and Frederick B. Alexander, as partners composing the firm of Mitchell & Co., had the principal place of business of the firm in New York. The allegation contains no mention whatsoever of the partnership, and because of that fact the court is of the opinion that it should be construed, not as an allegation that the firm had its principal place of business in New York, but that it is to be treated as an allegation that the individuals named, and each of them, had his principal place of business in New York City for more than six months next preceding the date of the filing of the petition in bankruptcy. This court is unable, therefore, to agree with this petitioner in his contention that the petition in bankruptcy contains no allegation as to the place of business of any of the individual partners. That is in the opinion of this court just what it does contain. The fact that it does not allege is that the firm of Mitchell & Co. had its principal place of,business in New York.
*694The Bankruptcy Act, § 5,'subd. “c,” provides that:
“The court of bankruptcy which has jurisdiction of one of the partners may have jurisdiction of all the partners and of the administration of the partnership and individual property.”
Under this section a court which has jurisdiction over one partner can take to itself jurisdiction over the firm of which he is a member without reference to whether the firm is six months old or three months old, and without there being any specific allegation as to the firm’s principal place of business.
[3] The allegations of the petition in this case were sufficient under the statute to give the court jurisdiction; and as the petitioner appeared by attorney who filed an answer for him individually but defaulted in appearing before the Special Master, to whom the hearing on the issues raised by the answer had been referred, we are unable to see what standing he now has to come into this court upon an appeal or a petition to revise. The appeal and the petition to revise must both be dismissed because taken out long after the period allowed by the Bankruptcy Act in case of appeals and by our rule 38 (150 Fed. liv, 79 G. C. A. liv) in case of petitions to revise. The affairs of Mitchell & Co. have already been administered for the benefit of creditors, and all the partners have been found by the court-below to be bankrupt and to have done business for more than three months in the district. The petitioner does not deny in his petition that he and his partners were residents of the district when the petition was filed, and he does not allege that he or either of his partners, or the firm, is solvent and able to pay his or its debts.
The order appealed from and sought to be revised is affirmed, with costs.