Court Opinion

ID: 3276892
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-05 16:45:38.718276+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:12:31.958128
License: Public Domain

On November 20, 1922, Improvement District No. 335 was created by ordinance of the city council of the city of Little Rock, Arkansas, for the purpose of "draining, curbing and paving with an asphaltic pavement, and in such manner as the commissioners of said district should determine to be for the best interest of the district, certain specified and designated streets in said district. On the 31st of August, 1925, Annexes No. 2 and No. 3 to Improvement District No. 335 were established. Annex No. 2 was for the purpose of grading, draining and curbing, in a manner that the commissioners *Page 788 
of said Improvement District No. 335 shall deem to be the best interest of the territory annexed," designating certain streets. Annex No. 3 was established for the purpose of "paving" with concrete in the manner that the commissioners of said district shall deem for the best interests of the territory annexed to said Street Improvement District No. 335, certain designated streets being the same streets as those to be improved in the manner specified in Annex No. 2 to said district.
The commissioners of District No. 335 were proceeding to make the improvement specified in the Annexes Nos. 2 and 3. This action was instituted by appellant, a taxpayer and owner of real property in the district, against the commissioners of the district to perpetually restrain them from making the improvement. He alleged that the ordinance establishing Annexes 2 and 3 to District No. 335 were void under the above facts, which he set out in his complaint. The commissioners answered admitting the facts to be as alleged in the complaint, and made the answer a general demurrer to the complaint. The court sustained the demurrer to the complaint, and entered a decree dismissing the same. The appellant stood on his complaint, and duly prosecutes this appeal.
The  ordinance creating the annexes Nos. 2 and 3 to District No. 335 were passed under 5733 of Crawford  Moses' Digest, which provides for the annexation of contiguous territory to any improvement district in city or town, upon petition of a majority in  value of the owners of real property in such territory, describing the territory to be annexed and the character of the improvement desired after notice is given as therein prescribed. When the contiguous territory is thus annexed to the original improvement district, the commissioners of that district shall make the improvement contemplated by the annexation ordinance on the same basis as if the territory were included in the original district. The concluding part of 5733, supra, is as follows; "If petitioned for, the improvement in the territory *Page 789 
annexed may be of different material or of a different method of construction from that in the original district."
In the case of Miller v. Seymour, 156 Ark. 273, we said: "The annexation of territory is tantamount to the creation of a new district without the imposition of new burdens on the original district, or the assumption of any burdens on the annexed territory for the cost of the original improvement, and property affected by both improvements may be embraced legally in both creations." Under our law "more than one and different improvements can be united and treated as one and undertaken the creation of an improvement district for that purpose, but, on the other hand, where there is really but one improvement it cannot be divided into separate parts and improvement districts created for the completion of the work of these separate parts." Bottrell v. Hollipeter, 135 Ark. 315, and cases there cited.
In Johnson v. Hamlen, 148 Ark. 634, two improvement districts were created in the city of Little Rock, one for the purpose of grading, draining, curbing and guttering certain streets and the other for the purpose of paving the same streets. An attack was made upon the districts, it being alleged, among other things, that the organization of the two districts for the one improvement was in violation of the law. The commissioners of the districts denied that the improvements contemplated were in their nature essentially a single improvement, and alleged that the improvements contemplated by the two districts were separate improvements, each of which could be done without the other. The demurrer to the answer was overruled, the court quoting at length from the case of Bottrell v. Hollipeter supra, a part of which quotation as follows: "The petition of the property owners for, and the ordinance pursuant thereto creating, the two districts are at least prima facie evidence that the petitioners and the town council considered that the improvements provided for did not constitute a `single' improvement, as designated in the statute. The facts stated in *Page 790 
the answer and admitted by the demurrer of appellant to be true show that they were not essentially one improvement." The court affirmed the judgment of the trial court, overruling the demurrer to the answer, holding that the answer was sufficient to show that the districts contemplated two separate improvements.
In Brown v. Board of Commissioners, 165 Ark. 585, we held that "while the power to pave may include the cost of curbing and guttering, yet they are not convertible terms, and do not necessarily include each other so as to constitute a single improvement." See also Meyer v. Board of Com. etc., 148 Ark. 623.
In Poe v. Imp. Dist., 159 Ark. 569, we held that when a territory is once annexed it is governed by identically the same laws as apply to the creation of the original district.
Counsel for appellees rely upon the above cases to sustain the contention that the ordinance creating Annexes Nos. 2 and 3 were valid, but in none of the above cases was the question now before the court presented. In the case of Bottrell v. Hollipeter, supra, and Johnson v. Hamlen, supra, we sustained ordinance creating two improvement districts for the purpose of improving the same street because, under the allegations of the pleadings, two separate and distinct improvements were contemplated and undertaken, although covering precisely the same territory. But these cases have no application to the annexation of contiguous territory under authority of 5733, C.  M., supra. Under that  statute annexation of contiguous territory to improvement districts already organized may be made where the improvement contemplated in the contiguous territory annexed does not have to be precisely the same improvement as that of the original district, as is shown by the concluding paragraph of the above statute which expressly provides that the "improvement in the territory annexed may be *Page 791 
of different material or of different method of construction from that in the original district." The above language clearly implies that the general character of the improvement must be the same; that is to say, if the original district was organized, as this was, for the purpose of "grading, draining, curbing, and paving," then the improvement in the contiguous territory proposed to be annexed must also be for the purpose of "grading, draining, curbing and paving;" though the method of construction and the material used may be different from that of the original district. Now, the two ordinances, taken together, creating the annexes under review provided for precisely the same character of improvement as contemplated in the original district, to-wit: "grading, draining, curbing and paving." But, instead of providing for this improvement in the annexed territory as a single annexation and by a single ordinance, the council provided for the annexation in two separate ordinances as if two different and separate improvements were contemplated. Under the annexation statute above if the original improvement of grading, draining, curbing and paving is declared and undertaken as a single improvement, then the same character of improvement in the contiguous territory annexed must be undertaken as a single improvement and not as separate and distinct improvements.
Under the authority of Bottrell v. Hollipeter, and Johnson v. Hamlen, supra, the city council might have declared the work contemplated by the original Improvement District No. 335 as two separate and distinct improvements and undertaken the same as such by the creation of separate improvement districts, but it did not elect to do so. On the contrary, it established an improvement district to make the improvement therein designated as a single improvement. Precisely the same general character of work was undertaken by the ordinances establishing the annexation of contiguous territory as was undertaken by the ordinance establishing the original district. But this could not be done by separate *Page 792 
ordinances creating two improvements instead of one; it should have been done by an ordinance creating a single annexation for the purpose of making a single improvement, such as was undertaken in the creation of the original district.
It follows that the ordinances establishing the annexations Nos. 2 and 3 to the original improvement district are void, and the court erred in not so holding, and erred in sustaining the demurrer to appellant's complaint. The judgment is therefore reversed, and the cause remanded with directions to overrule the demurrer and for further proceedings according to law and not inconsistent with this opinion.