Court Opinion

ID: 9898928
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-15 16:09:58.947098+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:18:52.789677
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Palmer, 2023-Ohio-4110.]

STATE OF OHIO                     )                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:                NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                         C.A. No.       30496

        Appellee

        v.                                            APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                      ENTERED IN THE
DARIUS PALMER                                         COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                      COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
        Appellant                                     CASE No.   CR-2020-12-3742

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: November 15, 2023

        STEVENSON, Judge.

        {¶1}     Defendant-Appellant, Darius Palmer, appeals from the judgment of the Summit

County Court of Common Pleas. This Court affirms.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}     Mr. Palmer was a passenger in a vehicle the police stopped. His cousin was driving

the vehicle, a second man was seated in the front passenger’s seat, and a third man was seated in

the back seat on the driver’s side. Mr. Palmer was seated in the back seat on the passenger’s side.

        {¶3}     An officer placed the driver in custody while a second officer observed the

passengers. Unlike the driver and the other passengers, Mr. Palmer appeared “pretty nervous” and

was acting “real fidgety.” Officers ultimately ordered him and the other passengers to roll down

their windows and exit the vehicle. Mr. Palmer responded by partially rolling down his window,

opening his vehicle door, stepping outside, and briefly complying with a command to place his

hands on his head. He then lowered his hands and shut his door before replacing them on his head.
                                                 2

When an officer looked through Mr. Palmer’s partially opened window, he immediately saw a

handgun sticking out of the seat pocket attached to the back of the front passenger’s seat (i.e., the

pocket that would have been directly in front of Mr. Palmer while he was seated inside the vehicle).

The officers then arrested Mr. Palmer.

          {¶4}   Mr. Palmer was indicted on one count of improperly handling a firearm in a motor

vehicle. A jury found him guilty, and the court sentenced him to two years of community control.

          {¶5}   Mr. Palmer now appeals from his conviction and raises one assignment of error for

review.

                                                 II.

                                   ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

          THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED DEFENDANT-APPELLANT DARIUS
          PALMER’S RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW WHERE THE COURT
          ENTERED A GUILTY VERDICT AGAINST PALMER FOR THE CHARGE OF
          IMPROPERLY HANDLING FIREARMS IN A MOTOR VEHICLE, IN THE
          ABSENCE OF SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE, CONTRARY TO THE FIFTH AND
          FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
          AND ARTICLE I, SECTION 16, OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.

          {¶6}   In his assignment of error, Mr. Palmer argues his conviction for improperly

handling a firearm in a motor vehicle is based on insufficient evidence. Specifically, he argues the

State failed to prove the element of possession. We disagree.

          {¶7}   Whether a conviction is supported by sufficient evidence is a question of law that

this Court reviews de novo. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997). “The relevant

inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any

rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a

reasonable doubt.” State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus. A

sufficiency review does not “resolve evidentiary conflicts or assess the credibility of witnesses *
                                                 3

* *.” State v. Hall, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27827, 2017-Ohio-73, ¶ 10. Sufficiency “concerns the

State’s burden of production and is, in essence, a test of adequacy.” State v. Wilk, 9th Dist. Medina

No. 22CA0008-M, 2023-Ohio-112, ¶ 9.

       {¶8}    A person is guilty of improperly handling a firearm in a motor vehicle if he

“knowingly transport[s] or [has] a loaded firearm in a motor vehicle in such a manner that the

firearm is accessible to the operator or any passenger without leaving the vehicle.”            R.C.

2923.16(B). “The State may prove that a person knowingly transported or had a loaded firearm

by setting forth evidence that the person had actual or constructive possession of the firearm.”

State v. Boggs, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 19CA011453, 2020-Ohio-616, ¶ 10.                “‘Constructive

possession exists when an individual knowingly exercises dominion and control over an object,

even though that object may not be within his immediate physical possession.’” State v. Kendall,

9th Dist. Summit No. 25721, 2012-Ohio-1172, ¶ 14, quoting State v. Hankerson, 70 Ohio St.2d 87

(1982), syllabus.   “Presence in the vicinity of an item, standing alone, does not establish

constructive possession, but other factors taken together—such as proximity to the item in plain

view or knowledge of its presence—may be circumstantial evidence of possession.” State v.

Moore, 9th Dist. Summit No. 28792, 2019-Ohio-1872, ¶ 9.

       {¶9}    Officer Ryan Westlake was patrolling the area of Copley Road with his partner

when they saw a small vehicle with illegally tinted windows speed by. They followed the vehicle

to a parking lot and initiated a traffic stop. The illegally tinted windows prevented Officer

Westlake from seeing inside the vehicle, but he spoke with the driver and learned the driver was

not carrying his license. He removed the driver from the vehicle, placed him in his cruiser, and

returned to the vehicle to speak with its three remaining occupants.
                                                 4

        {¶10} When he returned to the driver’s door, Officer Westlake spotted a bag containing

marijuana residue lying on the center console. He and his partner decided to have the passengers

exit the vehicle to perform a probable cause search. He instructed the passengers to roll down their

windows but testified that Mr. Palmer only partially rolled down his window. Officer Westlake’s

partner ultimately patted down Mr. Palmer while Officer Westlake peered through Mr. Palmer’s

partially opened window. As soon as he looked through the window, he saw the handle of a gun

sticking out of the seat pocket attached to the back of the front passenger’s seat. He testified the

gun was immediately apparent to him because its entire handle was sticking out. When he asked

Mr. Palmer about the gun, Mr. Palmer denied ownership and claimed he did not know anything

about it.

        {¶11} Officer Robert Churchwell confirmed that he and Officer Westlake stopped the

vehicle in which Mr. Palmer was a passenger. Officer Churchwell remained with the vehicle while

Officer Westlake removed the driver and placed him in his cruiser. He testified that, of the four

occupants in the vehicle, Mr. Palmer was the only one who appeared nervous. He observed that

Mr. Palmer was “real fidgety.” He had difficulty remaining still, kept looking around, and kept

touching his face.

        {¶12} Officer Churchwell testified that Mr. Palmer exited the vehicle when they asked

him to do so. He asked Mr. Palmer to place his hands on his head for a pat down, and Mr. Palmer

initially complied. Mr. Palmer’s hands were only on his head for a second, however, when he

lowered them to shut his vehicle door. Mr. Palmer then placed his hands back on his head. Officer

Churchwell testified that he found Mr. Palmer’s behavior “[v]ery odd.”

        {¶13} As Officer Churchwell began Mr. Palmer’s pat down, Officer Westlake peered into

the vehicle and instructed him to arrest Mr. Palmer. Officer Churchwell secured Mr. Palmer inside
                                                  5

a patrol car, returned to the vehicle, and looked inside. He immediately saw a gun when he looked

in the area where Mr. Palmer had been sitting. He testified the entire back of the gun was visible

as it stuck out of the seat pocket attached to the back of the front passenger’s seat. Although Mr.

Palmer denied the gun was his, Officer Churchwell testified that they charged Mr. Palmer because

he “was in such close proximity to the firearm * * * [he] would have known it was there.” He

elaborated that the backseat of the car was so small that Mr. Palmer’s legs would have been “inches

away” from it.

       {¶14} Mr. Palmer argues his conviction is based on insufficient evidence because the State

failed to prove he had actual or constructive possession of the gun. He notes there was no evidence

he owned the gun, actively tried to conceal it, or touched it. Rather, the State only proved his

proximity to the gun. Because mere proximity is insufficient to prove possession, Mr. Palmer

argues, there was insufficient evidence to establish his guilt.

       {¶15} Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the State, a rational trier of fact

could have concluded that the State proved the element of possession beyond a reasonable doubt.

See Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 at paragraph two of the syllabus. Testimony established the gun was

in plain view when officers looked inside the vehicle and located only “inches away” from where

Mr. Palmer’s legs had rested. See Moore, 2019-Ohio-1872, ¶ 9 (proximity to an item in plain view

may be circumstantial evidence of possession). Officer Churchwell observed Mr. Palmer acting

nervous and fidgeting while the other passengers appeared calm. See State v. Coleman, 9th Dist.

Summit Nos. 28640, 28641, 2018-Ohio-1923, ¶ 25-27. Moreover, there was testimony that he

only partially rolled down his window when asked to do so and paused in the middle of placing

his hands on his head to shut his vehicle door. The jury reasonably could have inferred that he

engaged in both acts because he was trying to conceal the gun from the police. Upon review, Mr.
                                                 6

Palmer has not shown that his conviction for improperly handling a firearm in a motor vehicle is

based on insufficient evidence. As such, his assignment of error is overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶16} Mr. Palmer’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Summit County

Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                                 Judgment affirmed.

       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period

for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to

mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the

docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.

                                                       SCOT STEVENSON
                                                       FOR THE COURT

HENSAL, P. J.
CARR, J.
CONCUR.
                                         7

APPEARANCES:

DONALD K. POND, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and C. RICHLEY RALEY, JR., Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.