Court Opinion

ID: 8272721
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-10-16 19:37:34.926303+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:43:34.728484
License: Public Domain

Swayze, J.
(dissenting). The witnesses for the state when first called agreed in testifying that the polling booth in 1909 was on a certain side of the street, and adhered to their statements on cross-examination. Counsel for the de*732fendant evidently opened that the defence woiild be that the polling booth in 1909 was on the opposite side of the street, and that it was in 1908 that the polls were on the side fixed by the witnesses. The point was important since in one case the prosecution was barred by the statute of limitations; in the other it was not. The next morning, while the defence was proceeding with the examination of its witnesses and had begun an attack upon the reputation of the state’s witnesses for truth and veracity, the attorney-general was allowed to break in, recall his witnesses and have them correct their testimony. This was in the face of the most earnest protest by defendant’s counsel, and a plea to be allowed to proceed with his case without interruption. The excuse for it was that it would give the defendant’s attorney an opportunity, to meet the state’s case, to which counsel very properly rejoined that he did not want the opportunity. He might well have added, that he was entitled to meet the case they had already made and not a different ease. He substantially did so by his protest. He protested also against the attorney-general stating in the presence of the jury, the correction to be made. The whole record of the proceedings is certified to us pursuant to section 136 of the Criminal Procedure act, and the question on this branch of the case is whether the court denied any matter resting in discretion. I think it did. It was within its discretion to allow the defence to put in its case without interruption; this was almost a legal right and might be a most valuable right where the reputation of the state’s witnesses was assailed as here; it was not only denied but the state was allowed to change its case over night after witnesses may have gone home; for obviously when the state’s witnesses had fixed the occurrence as taking place on one side of the street, all that was incumbent on the defendant was to show that that could not be true, and they might well dismiss their witnesses as to the otherwise more important facts.
This, however, was not all. The learned judge told the jury that the defendant insisted that the witnesses for the state were mistaken as to the time when the acts occurred. *733This was not the contention of the defendants as disclosed by the record. Their contention was that the witnesses, for the state were right when they first testified and wrong when they corrected themselves the next morning after hearing the opening for the defence. The judge then said that it was immaterial on which side of the street the polls were on that da}r, so far as the commission of this offence was concerned: that if the acts took place they would constitute a crime whether on the east or west side of the street; that its only relevancy was to test the credibility and recollection of the witnesses; and he then minimized the importance of the conflict and told the jury it seemed to him a. trifle.
J think this charge was erroneous. It was not immaterial which side of the street the polls were on. It was vital to the case. If they were on the side the witnesses first said, no justifiable offence was before the court; the statute says no person shall be prosecuted, tried or punished unless the indictment be found within two years. The happening within two years is of the very essence of the case, and if the first testimony was correct, the defendants were entitled to a direction of a verdict in their favor. As Mr. Justice Dixon said in Moore v. State, 14 Vroom 203 (at p. 209): “This, in effect enacts that when the specified period shall have arrived, the right of the state to prosecute shall be gone, and the liability of the offender to be punished — to be deprived of his liberty — shall cease.” I think, therefore, the defendants suffered manifest wrong and injury in the charge of the court.
For affirmance — The Chancellor, Trenchard, Bogert, CONGDON, HbPPENIIEIMER, JJ. 0.
For reversal — Swatize, Parker, Mintdrn, Vredenburgh, JJ. 4.