Court Opinion

ID: 9929104
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-01 18:17:18.028525+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:09:09.319644
License: Public Domain

Vermont Superior Court
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VERMONT SUPERIOR COURT                                          $4                    CIVIL DIVISION
Franklin Unit                                                                     Case Nos. 22-CV-00547
17 Church Street                                                                           & 22-CV-4537
St. Albans VT 05478
802-524-7993
WWW.Vermontjudiciary.org

                              Eric Nye, II et al V. Boissonneault Family Farm, Inc.

         DECISION ON MOTION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT
         Plaintiff Eric Nye seeks to evict Defendant Boissoneault Family Farm, Inc. (“BFFI”) from farm
premises, at least some of which BFFI has occupied since 2007. Initially, BFFI occupied the property

pursuant to a written lease. The parties now dispute the extent to which that lease now governs. Mr.

Nye contends that, pursuant to the lease’s holdover provision, it became a month-to-month lease,
terrninable on thirty days’ notice, at the end of the initial one-year term. In response, BFFI contends

that by mutual agreement of the parties, the lease became an annual lease, terminable only on six

months’ notice. Mr. Nye has moved for partial summary judgment on this question. The court denies
the motion.

         The parties’ papers establish the following narrative of undisputed facts. In 2007, the parties
executed a written lease. The lease was for a term of “one year, commencing on Oct 23, 2007, and

ending on Oct 23 2008 renewable yearly.” Notably, “renewable yearly” is a handwritten addition to
what appears to be a stock form of lease. It is perhaps unsurprising, then, that the lease nowhere

speciﬁes how renewal is to occur. Further on in the document, however, it provides,
            15.6 Holding Over. If Tenant remains in possession of the Premises or any part
            thereof after the expiration of the term hereof without the express written consent
            of Landlord, such occupancy shall be a tenancy from month to month at a rental
            in amount of the last monthly rental, and upon all the terms hereof applicable to a
            month-to-month tenancy, with either party having the right to terminate Within
            thirty (30) days prior written notice.

         BFFI has remained in possession of the leased premises since 2007. During that time, the
parties have not executed any written modiﬁcations or extensions of the lease. Rather, all of their

dealings have been oral.
         On November 11, 2022, Mr. Nye sent a notice of termination to BFFI. The notice purported to
terminate BFFI’s tenancy “effective thirty days from receipt of this letter or December 16, 2022

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whichever occurs ﬁrst.” Mr. Nye’s Wife hand-delivered the notice to BFFI’s President on November

12, 2022. On November 14, 2022, BFFI’s President acknowledged receipt of the copy of the notice
that had been sent by certiﬁed mail. BFFI remains in possession of the premises to this day. Mr. Nye

argues that on these facts, his notice of termination was effective, and so he is entitled to a judgment
for possession as a matter of law.
         While BFFI does not dispute the facts above, it argues that there are other material facts that

preclude summary judgment. Speciﬁcally, it asserts that from 2008, it and Mr. Nye operated on a
handshake basis. It asserts that by oral agreement, the parties modiﬁed the lease arrangement to be an

annual lease, with rent paid annually in October, just before taxes on the property were due. It notes

also that beginning in the early years of the relationship, the parties orally increased the scope of the

lease to include additional acreage, which acreage, and the amount payable, varied from year to year.

Finally, it notes that as a result of these and other conversations, it made substantial capital
improvements, which it would not have made absent agreement to a longer lease term than month-to-
month.

         Mr. Nye has not attempted to disprove these facts; instead, he argues that they are not material.
Of course, it is his initial burden to show an absence of dispute of material fact. E. g, Couture v.
Trainer, 2017 VT 73, 1] 9, 205 Vt. 319 (citing V.R.C.P. 56(a)). Thus, if he is wrong, and BFFI’s
suggested facts are material, Mr. Nye’s motion fails.1
         At the heart of this dispute is the question of whether, at the end of the original lease term,
BFFI’s tenancy became month-to-month or remained year-to-year. This is a critical question; the
answer dictates how much notice was required to terminate BFFI’s tenancy. The written lease is far
from unambiguous on this point. It makes no provision for termination for no cause, except in the case
of a holdover tenancy; in such a case, only thirty days’ notice is required. It also contemplates
termination in the event of a sale of the property; in that event, six months’ notice is required. And

most importantly, while it provides for renewal, how a renewal occurs, and whether and how that is
different from a “holding over,” are left completely to the imagination of the reader. Moreover, the
circumstances surrounding the making of the agreement cast doubt on the interpretation of the lease.
See Kipp v. Est. of Chips, 169 Vt. 102, 107 (1999) (court may consider limited extrinsic circumstances

surrounding the making of agreement to determine ambiguity). Thus, reasonable people could differ as

1
  The court notes that even had Mr. Nye met his initial burden on this issue, BFFI has alluded to competent evidence that,
viewed in the light most favorable to BFFI, is sufﬁcient to meet any burden it then might bear. See Carr v. Peerless Ins.
Ca, 168 Vt. 465, 476 (1998); see also Gates v. MackMolding C0,, 2022 VT 24, 1] l3, 216 Vt. 379 (“In determining the
existence of genuine issues of material fact, courts must accept as true the allegations made in opposition to the motion for
summary judgment, so long as they are supported by afﬁdavits or other evidentiary material”) (quotation omitted).
Decision on Motion for Partial Summary Judgment                                                                    Page 2 of 4
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to the interpretation of the lease on this important question. In short, the lease is ambiguous on the

point that is central to this case.
         The determination, as a matter of law, that the lease is ambiguous does not end the inquiry; it
means only that interpretation of the lease is a question of fact. See, e. g, Constr. Drilling, Inc. v.

Eng'rs Constr., Inc., 2020 VT 38, 11 12, 212 Vt. 323. Thus, it remains open to Mr. Nye to show that on
the undisputed facts, no reasonable person could conclude that the lease arrangement was anything

other than month-to-month after the end of the original one-year lease term. He has made no effort in

this regard, however. Thus, he has failed in his initial burden on this motion. See Couture v. Trainer,

2017 VT 73, 11 9, 205 Vt. 319 (quoting V.R.C.P. 56(a)) (A party moving for summary judgment has the
burden of showing “that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact.”).

         This failure relieves BFFI of any obligation to come forward with any evidence at this time.
See Gross v. Turner, 2018 VT 80, 11 8, 208 Vt. 112 (“Once a claim is challenged by a properly

supported motion for summary judgment, the nonmoving party . . . must come forward with admissible
evidence to raise a dispute regarding the facts”). Nevertheless, BFFI has sufﬁciently shown that there
is at least a genuine dispute on this issue. As noted above, the circumstances surrounding the making
of the agreement cast doubt on the parties’ intentions concerning the manner of renewal, the lease term
in such event, and the amount of notice required. Moreover, their subsequent course of performance at

suggests that both parties understood that the lease arrangement remained year-to-year after the

expiration of the original term. See B & C Mgmt. VL, Inc. v. John, 2015 VT 61, 11 13, 199 Vt. 202
(court may consider evidence of parties’ performance under ambiguous contract as extrinsic evidence
of intent).
         This, of course, is a critical question. Our Court has held that “the agreement to pay annual
rent, the payments made pursuant to that agreement and the character of the lease agreement converted
the estate to a year-to-year tenancy, entitling both parties to six month notice prior to termination.”

Prescott v. Smits, 146 Vt. 430, 433 (1985). Signiﬁcantly, in that case, the Court observed that “the

year-to-year tenancy doctrine is more readily applicable in an agricultural lease setting.” Id. Here, even
though not properly challenged by Mr. Nye’s papers to do so, BFFI has come forward with evidence
sufﬁcient to support ﬁndings that would bring this case squarely within those teachings. Clearly, Mr.

Nye did not provide six months’ notice; nor did the notice that he did give look to the end of the lease
year. See Maniatty v. Carroll, 114 Vt. 168, 169 (1945) (“In order to terminate a tenancy from year to
year, so as to entitle the lessor to possession, . . . six months' notice of the termination of the tenancy,
and looking to the end of the year, is necessary”). Thus, there is at the very least a genuine dispute as

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to Whether the notice he did give was sufﬁcient to support his claim for eviction. See Vermont Small

Business Devel. Corp. v. Fifth Son Corp, 2013 VT 7, 11 15, 193 Vt. 85 (requirement of “punctilious

compliance” with notice provisions applies in nonresidential context).
                                                         ORDER
          The court denies the motion. While the facts on which Plaintiff relies are undisputed, they are
not all the facts material to the determination of this question. The lease is ambiguous; whether and
how it may be renewed, as distinguished from a “holding over,” does not appear on the face of the
document. The parties’ course of dealing injects greater uncertainty, suggesting either that the parties

intended that what occurred here was a renewal rather than a “holding over” or that the parties may

have agreed orally to modify the lease. As a result, there is at least a genuine dispute as to whether,

after the expiration of the original lease term, the lease was year-to-year or month-to-month; if the

former, then Plaintiff’ s notice of termination was defective, and will not support eviction, While if the

latter, the notice was effective, and Plaintiff is entitled a judgment for possession. These are questions
that must be resolved by the jury. The clerk will schedule a pretrial conference.

Electronically signed pursuant to V.R.E.F. 9(d): 1/30/2024 3:38 PM

   muel      ar
311?)      Court Judge

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