Court Opinion

ID: 4435666
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-09-04 07:00:25.14806+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:53:11.122231
License: Public Domain

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
                To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

               United States Court of Appeals
                                For the Seventh Circuit
                                Chicago, Illinois 60604

                              Submitted August 29, 2019*
                              Decided September 3, 2019

                                        Before

                        DIANE P. WOOD, Chief Judge

                        MICHAEL Y. SCUDDER, Circuit Judge

                        AMY J. ST. EVE, Circuit Judge

No. 18-2775

KENNETH OKAIGYA ANNAN,                           Appeal from the United States District
    Plaintiff-Appellant,                         Court for the Northern District of Illinois,
                                                 Eastern Division.

      v.                                         No. 16-cv-3784

TERRENCE BENIGNETTI, et al.,                     Sharon Johnson Coleman,
     Defendants-Appellees.                       Judge.

                                      ORDER

        To collect an unpaid child-support debt, the Illinois Department of Healthcare
and Family Services placed a lien on Kenneth Annan’s bank account; Annan contested
the lien administratively and lost. In this suit, Annan accuses the Department and two
of its employees of depriving him of his funds without due process. The district court
granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss. Because Annan failed to state a valid claim
that the defendants deprived him of property without adequate process, we affirm.

      *  We have agreed to decide the case without oral argument because the briefs and
record adequately present the facts and legal arguments, and oral argument would not
significantly aid the court. See FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
No. 18-2775                                                                        Page 2

       We treat Annan’s well-pleaded allegations as true. Abcarian v. McDonald,
617 F.3d 931, 933 (7th Cir. 2010). Annan, who was underemployed, had difficulty
meeting his child-support obligations. When the Department refused to reduce those
obligations, Annan’s financial difficulties intensified. To pay his bills and avoid
eviction, Annan transferred money from a retirement fund into his bank account. But
the Department placed a lien on his bank account, preventing Annan’s access to those
funds, in order to satisfy his unpaid support obligations. See ILL. ADMIN. CODE tit. 89,
§ 160.70(f)(2)(A) (2014) (the Department “shall impose liens” against debtor’s personal
property to enforce past-due child-support obligations).

       Annan challenged the lien administratively. Testifying at a hearing before an
administrative law judge, Annan said that he had withdrawn money from his pension
to avoid eviction. The ALJ told Annan that he was “convinced” that the Department
would lift the lien if Annan proved this fact, so he had Annan send the Department his
proof. Annan did so, and he later spoke with a Department employee who told him that
the Department would act on the evidence. The next time they spoke, the employee
offered the Department’s compromise—it would release half the disputed funds and
keep the other half. Annan rejected the offer. The employee then referred Annan to
another Department official who never responded to Annan’s calls. Eventually, the
agency issued its final administrative decision, rejected Annan’s hardship defense, and
affirmed the lien. In the decision, the Department’s director wrote that Annan may
appeal to the circuit court. See 735 ILL. COMP. STAT. 5/3-111(a)(5) (2008). The two
employees whom Annan had called never told him about his appeal right. Annan did
not receive a mailed copy of the Department’s decision, and he did not appeal.

       Annan sued the Department and the two employees for acquiring his money
without due process. See 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The district court granted the defendants’
motion to dismiss. The court first concluded that the Eleventh Amendment barred
Annan’s claims against the Department and the employees in their official capacities. It
then ruled that Annan failed to state due-process claims against the employees in their
personal capacities because he did not allege that the administrative procedures were
inadequate or that the employees were personally responsible for any deficiency.
Dismissing the complaint without prejudice, the court gave Annan 30 days to amend it.
He timely moved to amend, but the court denied his motion, ruling that the proposed
complaint did not cure the deficiencies. It then dismissed the case with prejudice.
No. 18-2775                                                                              Page 3

        Before addressing the merits, we must assure ourselves that we have jurisdiction.
An order is appealable only “if it ends the litigation and leaves nothing to be decided in
the district court.” Calumet River Fleeting, Inc. v. Int'l Union of Operating Eng’rs, Local 150,
824 F.3d 645, 650 (7th Cir. 2016). The initial dismissal of the complaint without prejudice
and with leave to amend was not a final appealable decision. See Luevano v. Wal-Mart
Stores, Inc., 722 F.3d 1014, 1026 (7th Cir. 2013). The fact that the court entered a separate
judgment does not change the finality of that decision. When the court later denied the
motion to amend and dismissed the case with prejudice (on July 3, 2018), its decision
was then final, but it did not enter a separate judgment afterwards, so we treat the
judgment as having been entered 150 days later. See Calumet River, 824 F.3d at 650
(citing FED. R. CIV. P. 58(c)(2)(B)). The 150-day period ended on November 30, 2018.
Annan filed his notice of appeal before then, on August 9, 2018, so it “is treated as filed
on the date of and after the entry” of the judgment, making it timely. Calumet River, 824
F.3d at 650 (quoting FED. R. APP. P. 4(a)(2)).

        On the merits, Annan maintains that the defendants deprived him of due process
by refusing to modify his debt obligations, by placing a lien on his bank account, and by
failing to notify him of his right to appeal the ALJ’s ruling. We first address the district
court’s dismissal of his claims against the Department and its employees in their official
capacities. The district court rightly dismissed those claims, though it need not have
discussed the Eleventh Amendment. Those claims, which were against the state, are not
permitted under § 1983 because, as the state correctly argues, a state is not a “person”
under that statute. See Will v. Mich. Dep't of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 71 (1989); see also Vt.
Agency of Nat. Res. v. U.S. ex rel. Stevens, 529 U.S. 765, 779–80 (2000) (stating that courts
should address statutory issues before Eleventh Amendment issues).

       Annan has also failed to state a due-process claim against the Department’s two
employees in their personal capacities. Annan had to allege that they deprived him of
his property without sufficient process. See Michalowicz v. Vill. of Bedford Park, 528 F.3d
530, 534 (7th Cir. 2008). But he does not contest the constitutionality of the Illinois
administrative procedures that the employees followed. Those procedures required the
Department to place liens on his personal property to enforce his unpaid child-support
obligations, see ILL. ADMIN. CODE tit. 89, § 160.70(f)(2)(A), followed by Annan’s right to
request an administrative hearing, see id. § 160.70(f)(2)(B)(v), the pendency of which
stayed enforcement of the lien, see id. § 160.70(f)(2)(E). Annan also does not argue that
judicial review in state court was insufficient process. See 735 ILL. COMP. STAT.
5/3-111(a)(5) (2008).
No. 18-2775                                                                         Page 4

        Instead, Annan faults the two employees whom he contacted because, he alleges,
they intentionally did not tell him that he could seek judicial review. But this contention
is meritless. “[T]he relevant constitutional question is whether sufficient state-law
protections exist, not whether sufficient protections were afforded.” Michalowicz, 528 F.3d
at 534. State law (the adequacy of which Annan does not contest) required the
Department through its director to notify him of his right to judicial review. See ILL.
ADMIN. CODE tit. 89, § 160.70(p) (2014). Thus, Annan may not seek damages from the
two employees he called because due process requires only sufficient process, not his
preferred additional process from these two employees.

       Annan replies that the employees must pay damages because the director, whom
he has not sued, addressed the notice of his right to appeal to the wrong location (or
never mailed it) and failed to explain adequately the refusal to modify his support
obligations. But Annan has not alleged that the two employees personally controlled
the mailing or the support-modification decisions. Their lack of personal involvement
defeats the claim. See Alejo v. Heller, 328 F.3d 930, 936 (7th Cir. 2003).

       Finally, Annan argues that the district court unreasonably denied his motion to
amend his complaint by not explaining why the proposed complaint was unacceptable.
But the court explained that the proposed complaint did not cure the earlier defects,
including lack of personal involvement. So the court permissibly used its discretion.
See Lee v. Ne. Ill. Reg'l Commuter R.R. Corp., 912 F.3d 1049, 1052–53 (7th Cir. 2019).

                                                                               AFFIRMED