Court Opinion

ID: 2916144
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-10 20:12:55.897743+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:42:18.288436
License: Public Domain

OPINION HEADING PER CUR                                           

                     NO. 12-03-00190-CR
 
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT

TYLER, TEXAS

JOHN AARON COX,                                         §     APPEAL FROM THE 86TH
APPELLANT

V.                                                                         §     JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF

THE STATE OF TEXAS,
APPELLEE                                                        §     KAUFMAN COUNTY, TEXAS

OPINION
            John Aaron Cox appeals the trial court’s order revoking his deferred adjudication probation,
following which he was sentenced to imprisonment for forty years.  Appellant raises three issues on
appeal.  We dismiss for want of jurisdiction in part and affirm in part.

Background
            On March 15, 1996, Appellant sexually assaulted a six-year-old child.  He was indicted for
the first-degree felony offense of aggravated sexual assault.  On September 17, 1996, pursuant to a
plea bargain with the State, Appellant pleaded nolo contendere to the offense.  The trial court
deferred a finding of guilt and placed Appellant on community supervision for eight years.  The trial
court’s community supervision judgment contained thirty-one conditions that Appellant was required
to follow.
            In June 2000, the State filed a petition to  revoke Appellant’s community supervision alleging
that Appellant had violated six of the thirty-one conditions included in the judgment.  Accordingly,
an alias capias was issued for Appellant’s arrest.  
            On April 2, 2003, a hearing was held on the State’s motion.   Walter Wooten, a probation
officer with the Kaufman County Adult Probation Office, testified that Appellant had violated
conditions five, six, eleven, thirteen, and thirty-one of his community supervision judgment as
alleged in the State’s motion.  
            Condition five required Appellant to report monthly to his community supervision officer. 
Wooten testified that Appellant had failed to report to his supervision officer during April and May
2000.  Condition six required monthly visits by Appellant’s community supervision officer at
Appellant’s home.  Wooten testified that Appellant had changed his residence without the
permission of his supervision officer, who was, as a result, unable to locate him. Condition eleven
required Appellant to pay $50.00 per month until his fine of $3,624.50 and court costs of $124.50
were satisfied.  Wooten testified that Appellant failed to make the required payments from February
1998 forward.
            Condition thirteen required Appellant to pay a monthly community supervision fee of forty
dollars to Kaufman County.  Wooten testified that Appellant failed to make these payments from
June 1998 forward.  Condition thirty-one required Appellant to attend psychological counseling
sessions for sex offenders at his own expense and to remain in counseling until discharged.  Wooten
testified that Appellant failed to attend sex offender counseling sessions during April and May 2000. 
            Condition twenty-six required Appellant to register as a sex offender with the law
enforcement agency nearest to his residence.  Frankie Farrell testified that she was the sex offender
registrar and custodian of records for the Kaufman County Sheriff’s Department.  Farrell further
testified that Appellant failed to register as a sex offender as required by the trial court’s judgment.             Appellant responded to the aforementioned testimony with evidence that he had not moved
without permission of the court and that he had registered with law enforcement in all of the
locations in which he had lived during the duration of his community supervision.  He also
introduced evidence supporting his contention that he had been unable to pay for the psychological
counseling sessions he was ordered to attend.  
            On May 7, 2003, the trial court entered a judgment adjudicating Appellant guilty of
aggravated sexual assault and sentenced him to imprisonment for forty years.  Appellant timely filed
this appeal.
 
 
Registration as a Sex Offender
            In his first issue, Appellant contends that his guilty plea was involuntarily made and that
his due process rights were violated because the trial court failed to properly admonish him as to
the requirement that he register as a sex offender.  Appellant pleaded nolo contendere on
September 17, 1996 and was admonished in accordance with Texas Code of Criminal Procedure
article 26.13.  Appellant admits that he was so admonished.  However, Appellant contends that he
did not receive an admonition as to the requirement that he register as a sex offender.  That
admonition requirement was enacted and became effective in 1999, three years after Appellant’s
guilty plea.  See Mitschke v. State, 129 S.W.3d 130, 133 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004).  Nonetheless,
Appellant contends that his constitutional rights under Articles V, VI, and XIV of the United States
Constitution were violated because he was not informed as to the sex offender registration
requirement.  
            This issue was squarely addressed by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals this year in
Mitschke.  There, the appellant, who had pleaded guilty to indecency with a child, alleged that his
constitutional rights had been violated by the trial court’s failure to properly admonish him as to
the sex offender registration requirement.  Id. at 132.  The court of criminal appeals held that the
failure to admonish the appellant as to a direct, non-punitive consequence of his plea, specifically,
the sex offender registration requirement, did not violate due process or render his plea
involuntary.  Id. at 136.  Therefore, we hold that the trial court in the instant case did not err in its
failure to admonish Appellant that he would be required to register as a sex offender.  Appellant’s
first issue is overruled. 
 
Explanation of Parole
            In his second issue, Appellant argues that the trial court failed to properly admonish him
concerning the parole laws that would be applicable if his deferred adjudication probation was
subsequently revoked.  Appellant contends, therefore, that his plea of nolo contendere was
involuntarily made.  As a result, he contends, his constitutional rights under the Fifth, Sixth, and
Fourteenth Amendments were violated in that he was not aware of the danger that could result
from his plea.
            When the record demonstrates that the trial court gave the statutory admonishments while
accepting a plea, there is a prima facie showing of a knowing and voluntary plea.  See Ex parte
Gibauitch, 688 S.W.2d 868, 871 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985).  Prior to accepting a plea of nolo
contendere, a trial court must insure that the plea is free and voluntary.  See Tex. Code Crim.
Proc. Ann. art. 26.13(b) (Vernon 1989).  The defendant has the burden to show that he entered
a plea without understanding the consequences of his action and, thus, was harmed.  Gibauitch,
688 S.W.2d at 871.
            Parole is the discretionary and conditional release of an eligible prisoner who may serve
the remainder of his sentence under the supervision and control of the pardons and paroles
division.  Malkhi v. Thaler, 211 F.3d 953, 957 (5th Cir. 2000).  Because it is  entirely speculative
whether a prisoner will be released on parole, there is no constitutional expectancy of parole in
Texas.  Id.  Thus, no consideration of parole can support any of the constitutional claims made by
Appellant.  Id.; see also Ex parte Retzlaff, 135 S.W.3d 45, 49 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) (“[A]n
inmate does not have a statutorily vested liberty interest in being released on parole.”).
            We further note that the purpose of Article 26.13 is to assist the trial court in making the
determination that a guilty plea is knowingly and voluntarily entered.  See Aguirre-Mata v. State,
992 S.w.2d 495, 499 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999).  Therefore, its admonishments are not
constitutionally required.  See id.  We hold that Appellant did not have a constitutional right to
receive information regarding parole when he entered his plea of nolo contendere.  Appellant’s
second issue is overruled.  
 
Sufficiency of Revocation Evidence
            In his third issue, Appellant contends that the evidence was insufficient that he had violated
the terms of his deferred adjudication probation.  Texas Code of Criminal Procedure article 42.12,
section 5(b) governs the situation at issue.  Article 42.12, section 5(b) states as follows:
 
On violation of a condition of community supervision imposed under Subsection (a) of this section, the
defendant may be arrested and detained as provided in Section 21 of this article.  The defendant is entitled
to a hearing limited to the determination by the court of whether it proceeds with an adjudication of guilt on
the original charge.  No appeal may be taken from this determination.  
 
Tex. Code. Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12 § 5(b) (Vernon Supp. 2004–2005) (emphasis added). 
            In Connolly v. State, 983 S.W.2d 738 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999), the court of criminal
appeals reiterated its holdings from a long line of cases concerning situations similar to the instant
case.  See Connolly, 983 S.W.2d at 740-741 (citing Olowosuko v. State, 826 S.W.2d 940, 942
(Tex. Crim. App. 1992) (explaining that court of criminal appeals had “held from the beginning
of deferred adjudication practice that the Legislature [had] meant what it said in Article 42.12
§ 5(b)”); Phynes v. State, 828 S.W.2d 1, 2 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992) (on appeal of trial court’s
decision to revoke probation and adjudicate, even if the appellant’s right to counsel had been
violated, the appellant could not use direct appeal as the vehicle with which to seek redress);
Wright v. State, 592 S.W.2d 604, 606 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980) (under the terms of the statute, no
appeal may be taken from the hearing in which the trial court determines to proceed with an
adjudication of guilt on the original charge); Williams v. State, 592 S.W.2d 931, 932-33 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1979) (trial court’s decision to proceed with an adjudication of guilt is one of absolute
discretion and is not reviewable)).  The court continued:
 
In all these cases, we have tried to make clear that, given the plain meaning of Article 42.12 § 5(b),
an appellant whose deferred adjudication probation has been revoked and who has been adjudicated
guilty of the original charge, may not raise on appeal contentions of error in the adjudication of guilt
process.  (citation omitted).  Moreover, since the legislature has not overturned our interpretation
of the statute after all these years, we are confident that our interpretation is correct.  See State v.
Hall, 829 S.W.2d 184, 187 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992) (prolonged legislative silence following judicial
interpretation of statute implies approval of interpretation).
 
Connolly, 983 S.W.2d at 741.
            In our view, given the factual similarities between Connolly, its progeny, and the case at
hand, the holdings in Connolly and the cases cited therein control the instant case as it relates to
the trial court’s decision to proceed to adjudication.  Id.; see also Williams, 592 S.W.2d at 932–33. 
Considering the plain meaning of article 42.12, section 5(b) and the long line of authority from the
court of criminal appeals on the issue, we hold that Appellant cannot contest the sufficiency of the
evidence insofar as that issue arises out of the trial court’s decision to proceed with the
adjudication of guilt.  Id.; see also Williams, 592 S.W.2d at 932–33.  Therefore, we lack
jurisdiction to consider Appellant’s third issue.
 

Conclusion
            We lack jurisdiction to consider Appellant’s issue three.  We have overruled Appellant’s
issues one and two.   Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s order revoking Appellant’s
community supervision.
 
 
                                                                                                     JAMES T. WORTHEN 
                                                                                                                 Chief Justice
 
 
Opinion delivered August 25, 2004.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Griffith, J. and DeVasto, J.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(PUBLISH)