Court Opinion

ID: 3149959
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-27 21:01:18.80792+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:55:28.960556
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                           FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
                                                                           OCT 27 2015
                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
NORMA ROMERO-HEREDIA, AKA                        No. 12-72851
Norma H. Romero,
                                                 Agency No. A077-312-483
              Petitioner,

 v.                                              MEMORANDUM*

LORETTA E. LYNCH, Attorney General,

              Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                      Argued and Submitted October 21, 2015
                               Pasadena, California

Before: IKUTA and OWENS, Circuit Judges and SESSIONS,** District Judge.

      Norma Romero-Heredia appeals the Board of Immigration Appeal’s (BIA)

decision that Romero-Heredia was convicted of a particularly serious crime and

therefore ineligible for withholding of removal. Romero-Heredia also appeals the

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
       **
             The Honorable William K. Sessions III, District Judge for the U.S.
District Court for the District of Vermont, sitting by designation.
BIA’s decision that she is ineligible for relief under the Convention Against

Torture (CAT). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252.

      The BIA did not err in determining that Romero-Heredia was convicted of a

“particularly serious crime” under 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(B)(ii) and therefore

ineligible for withholding of removal. The “BIA applied the correct legal standard

in making its determination,” Anaya-Ortiz v. Holder, 594 F.3d 673, 676 (9th Cir.

2010) (quoting Afridi v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 1212, 1218 (9th Cir. 2006)), given that

it analyzed the factors delineated in Matter of Frentescu, 18 I. & N. Dec. 244, 247

(BIA 1982), as modified by Matter of Carballe, 19 I. & N. Dec. 357, 360 (BIA

1986). This court “cannot reweigh evidence to determine if the crime was indeed

particularly serious,” Anaya-Ortiz, 594 F.3d at 676, so it cannot entertain Romero-

Heredia’s arguments on what weight the BIA should give to each factor.

      The BIA did not err in applying In re N-A-M-, 24 I. & N. Dec. 336 (BIA

2007) to analyze whether Romero-Heredia’s drug conviction constituted a

particularly serious crime. The BIA’s determination that the sentence imposed “is

not the most accurate or salient factor to consider in determining the seriousness of

an offense,” In re N-A-M-, 24 I. & N. Dec. at 343, is not a new rule or strong

presumption, as in Matter of Y-L-, 23 I. & N. Dec. 270 (AG 2002), but rather a

discretionary determination of how much weight to give to one of the Frentescu

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factors. Nor is the BIA’s statement that it need not “engage in a separate

determination to address whether the alien is a danger to the community,” N-A-M-,

24 I. & N. Dec. at 342, a new rule, as the BIA originally took this position in 1986,

see Carballe, 19 I. & N. Dec. at 360. Even if N-A-M- had created a new rule, its

application to Romero-Heredia’s conviction would not have been an error, given

that the immigration judge reached the same result applying the Frentescu factors.

See Montgomery Ward & Co., Inc. v. F.T.C., 691 F.2d 1322, 1333–34 (9th Cir.

1982).

      Romero-Heredia’s argument that “Customary International Law” requires

the BIA to make a separate determination of whether an alien is a danger to the

community is foreclosed by our decision in Ramirez-Ramos v. INS, 814 F.2d 1394,

1397 (9th Cir. 1987), which specifically held otherwise.1 Thus, the BIA correctly

determined that Romero-Heredia was statutorily ineligible for withholding of

removal for having been convicted of a particularly serious crime. See 8 U.S.C.

§ 1231(b)(3)(B)(ii).

      Finally, there was substantial evidence to support the BIA’s decision that

Romero-Heredia was ineligible for relief under the CAT because she did not

      1
       Romero-Heredia filed a petition for hearing en banc to overturn Ramirez-
Ramos, 814 F.2d 1394, but no judge on the panel made an en banc call, so we
dispose of the case on the merits. Ninth Cir. Gen. Ord. 5.2(a).

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present evidence that it was more likely than not that she would be tortured either

by an act of public officials or with the “consent or acquiescence” of public

officials. See 8 C.F.R. § 208.18(a)(1); Azanor v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 1013, 1018–19

(9th Cir. 2004).

DISMISSED IN PART and DENIED IN PART

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