Court Opinion

ID: 4545292
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-06-30 19:12:20.348462+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:51:19.712639
License: Public Domain

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JEROME EDWARD STECK, SR.                   :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 541 WDA 2019

              Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 27, 2019
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-02-CR-0015583-2014

BEFORE:      McLAUGHLIN, J., McCAFFERY, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.:                             FILED JUNE 30, 2020

        Jerome Edward Steck, Sr. (“Steck”) appeals from the order dismissing

his petition challenging the application of Subchapter I of the Sexual Offender

Registration and Notification Act (“SORNA”) as a meritless Post Conviction

Relief Act1 (“PCRA”) petition. Steck contends that the application of

Subchapter I violates the Ex Post Facto and Double Jeopardy Clauses. For the

following reasons, we affirm the order but direct the removal of Steck’s entry

from the state police sex offender website.

        On September 24, 2015, Steck pled guilty to two counts each of

Involuntary Deviate Sexual Intercourse (“IDSI”), Unlawful Contact with a

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1   42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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Minor, Incest, Indecent Exposure, IDSI with a Child, and Corruption of

Minors.2 Steck also pled guilty to one count each of Indecent Assault - Person

Less than 16 Years of Age, Indecent Assault - Person Less than 13 Years of

Age, and Endangering the Welfare of a Child.3 The charges arose from Steck’s

sexual abuse of his first victim over the course of one year beginning in 2009,

and one incident of sexual abuse of a second victim in August 2012. Steck

was sentenced to an aggregate term of four to ten years of incarceration

pursuant to the plea agreement. Further, Steck was subject to SORNA’s

lifetime registration requirement. Steck did not file a post-sentence motion or

direct appeal.

        On August 15, 2016, Steck filed a PCRA petition, which the lower court

ultimately denied on July 13, 2017. Six days later, on July 19, 2017, our

Supreme Court issued its decision in Commonwealth v. Muniz, 164 A.3d

1189 (Pa. 2017) (holding that SORNA registration is punitive in nature and

retroactive application of SORNA violates the Ex Post Facto Clause). Steck

thereafter filed a pro se appeal on July 31, 2017. We reversed the order of the

PCRA court and remanded with instructions for the lower court to appoint

counsel and to allow Steck to amend his petition to include a Muniz claim

since Steck committed his crimes prior to the effective date of SORNA of

____________________________________________

218 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3123(a)(7), 6318(a)(1), 4302, 3127(a), 3123(b), and
6301(a)(1)(i) and (ii), respectively.

3   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3126(a)(8), 3126(a)(7), and 4304(a)(1), respectively.

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December 20, 2012. Commonwealth v. Steck, 2018 WL 2424049

(Pa.Super. May 30, 2018) (unpublished memorandum).4

        Upon remand, counsel was appointed and filed an amended PCRA

petition asserting that Steck was “no longer subject to the sex offender

reporting requirements imposed under Megan’s Law I, II, III or SORNA.” Am.

Pet., 1/25/19, at ¶ 11. In support, Steck cited Muniz and Commonwealth

v. Derhammer, 173 A.3d 723 (Pa. 2017). Steck further contended that the

registration requirements of Subchapter I of Act 10 of 20185 were

unconstitutional because they violated the Ex Post Facto and Double Jeopardy

Clauses. Am. Pet., 1/25/19, at ¶ 37. On March 27, 2019, the PCRA court

dismissed the amended petition. This timely appeal followed.

        Steck raises one issue for our review:

____________________________________________

4 By way of background, SORNA came into existence in 2011, with an effective
date of December 20, 2012. In Muniz, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court found
that applying SORNA to those who committed crimes before SORNA’s
enactment violated the Ex Post Facto Clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution.
164 A.3d at 1223. In response, the General Assembly enacted Acts 10 and 29
of 2018. Commonwealth v. Alston, 212 A.3d 526, 529 (Pa.Super. 2019).
The General Assembly “modified Subchapter H’s registration requirements for
those offenders convicted of committing offenses that occurred on or after
SORNA’s” original effective date in 2012. Commonwealth v. Bricker, 198
A.3d 371, 375 (Pa.Super. 2018). It also created Subchapter I, which applies
to sexual offenders who committed an offense on or after April 22, 1996, but
before December 20, 2012, and contains less stringent reporting requirements
than Subchapter H. Alston, 212 A.3d at 529. The parties agree that
Subchapter I applies in this case since Steck committed his crimes in 2009
and August of 2012.
5   42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.51-9799.75.

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         Whether the trial court erred by not ruling that Act 10 of
         2018 is unconstitutional under the federal and state Ex Post
         Facto and Double Jeopardy Clauses?

Steck’s Br. at 4 (capitalization corrected).

      “Our standard of review of the denial of a PCRA petition is limited to

examining whether the evidence of record supports the court’s determination

and whether its decision is free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Beatty,

207 A.3d 957, 960-61 (Pa.Super. 2019). A post-conviction claim that an

original sentence is illegal due to the retroactive application of a sexual

offender registration requirement is a cognizable claim under the PCRA. See

Commonwealth v. Greco, 203 A.3d 1120, 1123 (Pa.Super. 2019).

      Steck argues that the PCRA court erred in dismissing his amended PCRA

petition instead of ruling that the reporting and registration requirements of

Subchapter I of Act 10 of 2018 violate the Ex Post Facto and Double Jeopardy

Clauses of the Pennsylvania and United States Constitutions. Steck’s Br. at 8.

Steck claims that Subchapter I, like the former version of SORNA addressed

in Muniz, is punitive. Id. at 11. Specifically, Steck contends that, like the

former version of SORNA, Subchapter I requires offenders to, inter alia: (1)

be included on a publicly accessible Internet website; (2) register with the

Pennsylvania State Police (“PSP”) or face criminal prosecution; (3) provide the

PSP   with   information   regarding   all     current   or   intended   residences,

employment, or schools; (4) inform the PSP of changes in residences or

employment within three business days; (5) verify their residences with the

PSP; (6) be subject to a felony for failing to register; (7) submit to decisions

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by parole or probation authorities to impose supervision conditions, including

the use of offender tracking through global positioning systems (“GPS”); (7)

submit to mandatory counseling for sexually violent predators; and (8) submit

to being photographed and fingerprinted. Id. at 11-16.

      Steck notes that there are two differences between SORNA and

Subchapter I. First, Subchapter I returns to a two-tier system of registration,

namely ten-year and lifetime periods of registration, which were what existed

under Megan’s Law II. Id. at 16. Second, Subchapter I contains a provision

for the potential removal of lifetime registrants from the registry after 25 years

upon petition by the defendant. Id. at 17. Steck, however, asserts “these

differences are not sufficiently meaningful to render Subchapter I non-

punitive, and legally distinguishable from SORNA and the analysis in Muniz,

for purposes of [an] ex post facto analysis.” Id.

      Steck further contends that the enactment of Subchapter I effectively

created a new criminal penalty or punishment for the offenses that he

committed many years ago, thus violating double jeopardy principles. Id. at

27. Steck argues that since Muniz nullified (if only temporarily) his reporting

requirements, and since Subchapter I is punitive, “then it necessarily follows

that Subchapter I effectuates a second punishment upon [him].” Id. at 31.

      The Commonwealth counters that Act 10, including Subchapter I, was

enacted to address the concerns articulated in Muniz. Commonwealth’s Br. at

29. The Commonwealth argues that the express intent of the General

Assembly in enacting Act 10 was to enact a civil provision and not a punitive

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provision. Id. at 11. The Commonwealth further contends that Subchapter I

reduces the reporting obligations of sexual offenders in several ways. Id. at

29. The Commonwealth points out that Subchapter I substantially reduces the

in-person verification requirements for some offenders and also permits the

potential removal of lifetime registrants from the sex offender registry after

25 years. Id. 29, 32. The Commonwealth concludes that since Subchapter I

is not punitive, it does not violate ex post facto or double jeopardy principles.

Id. at 11.

      This Court recently addressed a constitutional challenge to Act 10. In

Commonwealth v. Moore, 222 A.3d 16 (Pa.Super. filed Oct. 23, 2019), a

panel of this Court held that the Internet registration provisions of Subchapter

I violate the federal Ex Post Facto Clause and therefore, are unconstitutional.

Id. at 27. However, the Moore Court also determined that “the Internet

provisions of [Act 10] are severable” from the rest of the statutory scheme

and “perceive[d] no obstacles to the continued execution of [Act 10], absent

its Internet dissemination provisions.” Id. Accordingly, we affirm the order

denying Steck’s PCRA petition but direct the removal of his entry from the

state police sex offender website. We also note that the constitutionality of

Act 10 as a whole is currently on appeal before our Supreme Court. See

Commonwealth v. Lacombe, 35 MAP 2018 (Pa. 2018).

      Order affirmed with instructions.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 6/30/2020

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