Court Opinion

ID: 9889916
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-11 19:01:10.054692+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:48:53.975148
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       OCT 11 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No.    22-30084

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                4:18-cr-00262-BLW-1
 v.

JOSE LUIS CRUZ-DELGADO, AKA                     MEMORANDUM*
Salvador Rosas-Medina,

                Defendant-Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Idaho
                 B. Lynn Winmill, Chief District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted October 5, 2023**
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: WARDLAW and M. SMITH, Circuit Judges, and HINKLE,*** District
Judge.

      Jose Luis Cruz-Delgado appeals the 300-month sentence imposed by the

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Robert L. Hinkle, United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Florida, sitting by designation.
district court after a jury found him guilty of conspiracy to distribute

methamphetamine and attempted possession with intent to distribute

methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(A), and 846 and

of being a deported alien found in the United States in violation of 8 U.S.C.

§ 1326(a), (b). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      1. The district court did not abuse its discretion by applying a four-level role

enhancement to Cruz-Delgado’s offense-level under USSG § 3B1.1(a). Section

3B1.1(a) provides that a court may increase a defendant’s offense level by four

“[i]f the defendant was an organizer or leader of a criminal activity that involved

five or more participants or was otherwise extensive.” Cruz-Delgado contends that

the district court abused its discretion because his drug trafficking conspiracy did

not involve five or more participants, arguing that Shawn Empey was merely a

“buyer” and not a “participant.”

      We conclude that the district court did not err by finding that Empey was a

participant in the conspiracy. To qualify as a participant, Empey must have done

“more than simply purchase small quantities of a drug for his personal use. The

facts must support an inference that the seller knew or should have known that the

customer would subsequently distribute the drugs to others outside his household.”

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United States v. Egge, 223 F.3d 1128, 1133 (9th Cir. 2000).1 Here, Empey pleaded

guilty to possession of methamphetamine with the intent to distribute. Empey also

admitted under oath that he worked with Cruz-Delgado’s coconspirators to

distribute methamphetamine, which was corroborated by undercover law

enforcement investigations. Indeed, Cruz-Delgado admits that “the Court can

assume Mr. Empey intended to commit the crime of possession with the intent to

distribute, and that Mr. Fullmer probably knew Mr. Empey was reselling the

methamphetamine.” The district court properly found that Empey’s coconspirators

“knew or should have known” that he “would subsequently distribute the drugs to

others outside his household.” Egge, 223 F.3d at 1133. Cruz-Delgado’s argument

that the district court incorrectly believed that Empey had pleaded guilty to

conspiracy is therefore beside the point.

       2. Even if the district court erred in finding that Empey was a participant,

we would have no difficulty in concluding that the conspiracy was “otherwise

extensive.” From at least 2017 to 2018, Cruz-Delgado and his co-conspirators

1
  Cruz-Delgado argues that United States v. Loveland, 825 F.3d 555 (9th Cir. 2016)
overruled Egge, and articulated a new test requiring that the district court find an
“agreement for redistribution” to establish that a person was a participant in a
conspiracy. But Loveland did not discuss Egge, the application of a sentencing
enhancement under § 3B1.1, or the number of participants in the defendant’s
conspiracy. And Loveland describes the standard for obtaining a conviction for
conspiracy to distribute drugs, but § 3B1.1 cmt. n.1 explicitly does not require that
a “participant” be convicted of the crime. Therefore, Egge remains good law. See
United States v. Walter-Eze, 860 F.3d 891, 914 (9th Cir. 2017).

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trafficked over 78,000 kilograms of methamphetamine, cocaine, mushrooms, and

marijuana. Further, Cruz-Delgado’s criminal activity spanned two countries and at

least three states, involved five or more participants, countless victims, the

maintenance of a storage unit for drug distribution activities, and hundreds of

thousands of dollars in profits. See United States v. Leung, 35 F.3d 1402, 1406–07

(9th Cir. 1994) (finding that a drug trafficking conspiracy was “otherwise

extensive” when the conspiracy involved at least four people, a warehouse where

drugs were stored, and the shipping and transportation of drugs across country

lines); United States v. Govan, 152 F.3d 1088, 1096 (9th Cir. 1998) (finding

criminal activity was “otherwise extensive” when it involved seven participants,

interstate travel, a large number of victims, and nearly $100,000 in proceeds).

      AFFIRMED.

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