Court Opinion

ID: 2759372
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-12-10 21:00:20.93824+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:27:01.720293
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     KIRK THOMAS,                                    DOCKET NUMBER
                         Appellant,                  DA-0432-13-0109-I-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE,                          DATE: December 10, 2014
                 Agency.

                THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Kevin Curtis Crayon, II, Kennesaw, Georgia, for the appellant.

           Evan Harry Perlman, Washington, D.C., for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                              Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
                              Anne M. Wagner, Vice Chairman
                                 Mark A. Robbins, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     affirmed the agency’s action removing him under 5 U.S.C. chapter 43. Generally,
     we grant petitions such as this one only when:          the initial decision contains
     erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                          2

     interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to
     the facts of the case; the judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or
     the initial decision were not consistent with required procedures or involved an
     abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or
     new and material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the
     petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record closed. See Title 5
     of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).
     After fully considering the filings in this appeal, and based on the following
     points and authorities, we conclude that the petitioner has not established any
     basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review. Therefore, we
     DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision, which is now the
     Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).
¶2        The agency placed the appellant on a performance improvement plan (PIP)
     on April 25, 2011, because it determined that his performance in Critical Element
     1 (CE1) of the performance plan for his GS-13 Human Resources (HR) Officer
     position was unacceptable.     Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 22 at 17-22.          To
     perform at the successful level 2 under CE1, the appellant was required to:
     (1) timely   provide   accurate,    thoroughly     researched,   clear   and   succinct
     management advice and technical services, which demonstrated support of
     management     goals    and   was     responsive     to   management      needs;   and
     (2) communicate effectively orally and in writing regarding, and timely inform
     management officials about, management advisory issues. See id. at 9.
¶3        On September 12, 2011, the agency notified the appellant that he passed the
     PIP but that it would take action to reassign, demote, or remove him if his
     performance in CE1 again fell below the acceptable level within 1 year of the
     beginning of the PIP.    Id. at 24-26.   The agency proposed his removal under

     2
       The performance plan included three rating levels: unacceptable, successful, and
     outstanding. IAF, Tab 22 at 6.
                                                                                     3

     5 U.S.C. chapter 43 on December 8, 2011, finding that his performance in CE1
     had fallen again to an unacceptable level. IAF, Tab 21 at 156-65.
¶4        The proposed action stemmed from four assignments e-mailed to the
     appellant on September 28, 2011. First, in the morning, an HR Specialist from
     another office e-mailed the appellant requesting clarification as to several
     suspected Annual Pay Review (APR) errors. Id. at 162; IAF, Tab 22 at 169-70.
     As a result of this e-mail, it was discovered that seven APR forms, which the
     appellant had been responsible for ensuring contained correct pay and award
     information when he signed them in June and July 2011, contained errors. See
     IAF, Tab 21 at 162-63, Tab 22 at 172-78. The appellant did not identify the
     errors to his supervisor until September 30, 2011.     See IAF, Tab 21 at 162.
     Further, one of the forms contained a pay setting error that resulted in an
     employee’s pay increase not being timely implemented.       See id. at 163.   The
     appellant was unable to respond to management inquiries as to whether the
     employee at issue was entitled to receive retroactive payment and failed to
     conduct research in order to provide a response. See id. The pay-setting error
     ultimately caused a budget shortfall for the 2011 fiscal year and also required
     agency management to recalculate its budget for the 2012 fiscal year due to the
     unexpected increase to salary costs. See id.
¶5        Second, that afternoon, the appellant’s supervisor requested that he review
     and update an employee listing by noon on September 30, 2011. Id. at 157-58;
     IAF, Tab 22 at 34.    The e-mail was sent with high importance and listed the
     deadline in the subject line. IAF, Tab 21 at 158, Tab 22 at 34. On September 30,
     2011, when his supervisor inquired shortly before noon as to the status of the
     assignment, the appellant seemed unaware of it and indicated that he must not
     have read the e-mail. IAF, Tab 21 at 158, Tab 22 at 38. The appellant then
     assigned the task to a subordinate employee but, because he failed to properly
     relay the instructions set forth in the e-mail, his subordinate did not correctly
     complete it. IAF, Tab 21 at 158, Tab 22 at 38. Specifically, his subordinate
                                                                                     4

     turned in a hard copy with handwritten edits, although the e-mailed instructions
     indicated that the changes should be made in Microsoft Word.        IAF, Tab 21
     at 158, Tab 22 at 38.
¶6        Third, also in the afternoon, the appellant’s supervisor asked him to
     determine whether there was a minimum amount of time which an employee
     could use from a time-off award. IAF, Tab 21 at 161, Tab 22 at 99. The e-mail
     did not include a deadline, and the appellant failed to respond, so his supervisor
     e-mailed him on September 29, 2011, indicating that she needed a response that
     day. IAF, Tab 21 at 161, Tab 22 at 99. On October 7, 2011, and October 12,
     2011, the appellant’s supervisor sent him follow-up inquiries, as he had yet to
     respond. IAF, Tab 21 at 161, Tab 22 at 85, 88. The appellant responded on
     October 13, 2011, but his supervisor concluded that the information he provided
     was unclear and incomplete. IAF, Tab 21 at 161-62, Tab 22 at 101.
¶7        Fourth, in the evening, the appellant’s supervisor asked him to edit several
     draft organizational charts by October 5, 2011. IAF, Tab 21 at 159, Tab 22 at 46.
     The appellant failed to complete the assignment by October 5, 2011. IAF, Tab 21
     at 159, Tab 22 at 58.
¶8        On October 6, 2011, the appellant’s supervisor advised him that one of the
     organizational charts he had been assigned to edit needed to be submitted to
     another office by October 7, 2011.    IAF, Tab 21 at 159, Tab 22 at 82.       The
     appellant’s subordinate e-mailed the document to the appellant’s supervisor on
     October 6, 2011, but the chart did not include the changes the appellant’s
     supervisor had requested in the September 28, 2011 e-mail. IAF, Tab 21 at 159,
     Tab 22 at 82. The appellant’s supervisor e-mailed him to inform him of this
     issue, and he provided a corrected version later that day, explaining that he was
     unaware that she had sent an e-mail requesting specific changes and that he had
     not yet completed the other charts because he was “still working through emails”
     from the previous week. IAF, Tab 21 at 160, Tab 22 at 82.
                                                                                           5

¶9          As to the remaining organizational charts, which the appellant failed to
      submit by October 5, 2011, his supervisor granted him an extension until
      October 11, 2011. IAF, Tab 21 at 160, Tab 22 at 88. The appellant failed to
      submit the charts by the extended deadline. IAF, Tab 21 at 160, Tab 22 at 89.
      When he did submit them on October 12, 2011, in response to his supervisor’s
      inquiry as to the status, they contained numerous errors. IAF, Tab 21 at 160-61,
      Tab 22 at 88. The assignment was not finally completed until October 13, 2011.
      IAF, Tab 21 at 161, Tab 22 at 101.
¶10         The agency’s removal action became effective on January 26, 2012. IAF,
      Tab 21 at 133, 135-39. The appellant subsequently timely 3 filed an appeal with
      the Board regarding his removal and requested a hearing.           IAF, Tab 1.      He
      disputed that his performance in CE1 following the PIP was unacceptable as a
      whole, and also asserted that the agency: (1) did not provide him with an
      adequate opportunity to improve; (2) improperly relied on a 2-week time period
      to justify his removal; 4 and (3) failed to consider extenuating circumstances that
      explained some of the alleged performance deficiencies.              Id.   He raised
      affirmative defenses of sex and race discrimination, disability discrimination
      based on a failure to accommodate, as well as reprisal for engaging in EEO
      activity. Id. He also alleged that the agency violated his due process rights by

      3
        The appellant first filed a formal equal employment opportunity (EEO) complaint.
      IAF, Tab 8 at 46-51. The agency issued its final agency decision in that matter on
      November 2, 2012. IAF, Tab 7 at 7-8. The appellant’s appeal was therefore timely
      filed under 5 C.F.R. § 1201.154.
      4
        On review, citing Muff v. Department of Commerce, 117 M.S.P.R. 291 (2012), the
      appellant seems to suggest that the agency was not permitted to rely solely on a 2-week
      period to justify his removal. See Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 6 at 5, 20-21.
      We find this argument to be without merit because Muff does not announce an absolute
      rule requiring an agency to rely on a minimum period of performance in order to
      remove an employee. To the contrary, as explained in Muff, the Board determines what
      constitutes substantial evidence of genuinely unacceptable performance in the context
      of an employee’s annual performance plan on a case-by-case basis. Muff, 117 M.S.P.R.
      291, ¶ 8.
                                                                                        6

      failing to provide him clear notice as to the basis for the proposed action, thereby
      depriving him of a meaningful opportunity to respond. Id.
¶11           After holding the requested hearing, the administrative judge issued an
      initial decision affirming the agency’s removal action.       IAF, Tab 45, Initial
      Decision (ID). She found that: (1) the agency’s performance appraisal system
      was approved by the Office of Personnel Management; (2) the agency’s
      performance standards were valid; (3) the agency clearly communicated its
      performance standards to the appellant and notified him that his performance was
      unacceptable in CE1; (4) the agency offered the appellant a reasonable
      opportunity to improve his performance, but he failed to do so; and (5) the agency
      proved by substantial evidence that the appellant’s performance in CE1 was
      unacceptable.    See ID.   She also found that the appellant failed to prove his
      affirmative defenses 5 and that the agency did not violate his due process rights.
      See ID.
¶12           The appellant has filed a petition for review. PFR File, Tab 6. He argues
      that:   (1) the agency failed to clearly communicate its performance standards,
      thereby depriving him of a reasonable opportunity to improve; (2) the agency
      failed to prove by substantial evidence that his performance in CE1 was
      unacceptable following the PIP; (3) the administrative judge erred in finding that
      he failed to prove his affirmative defenses of disability discrimination and
      reprisal; and (4) the administrative judge erred in finding that the agency did not
      violate his due process rights. Id. The agency filed a response in opposition and
      the appellant filed a reply. PFR File, Tabs 12, 14.

      5
        We will not disturb the administrative judge’s findings concerning the appellant’s
      affirmative defenses of race and sex discrimination because the appellant does not
      challenge them on review. See generally PFR File, Tab 6.
                                                                                            7

      The agency clearly communicated its performance standards to the appellant and
      afforded him a reasonable opportunity to improve.
¶13         The appellant asserts that the agency did not provide him a reasonable
      opportunity to improve because it:        (1) failed to hold many of the weekly
      meetings scheduled to discuss his progress; (2) “disparaged” him during the
      weekly meetings that did occur, rather than providing him with guidance on how
      to improve his performance; and (3) failed to clearly communicate its
      performance standards. 6 PFR File, Tab 6 at 9-14, 17-20.
¶14         As to weekly progress meetings, there is no dispute that the appellant’s
      first-level supervisor indicated in the PIP that she would meet with him weekly to
      discuss his performance but only met with him five times during the 90-day PIP
      period.   IAF, Tab 22 at 21, Tab 43 at 3, 6-10; see PFR File, Tab 14 at 9.
      However, the PIP explicitly directed the appellant to meet with his second-level
      supervisor if his first-level supervisor was not available. IAF, Tab 22 at 21. The
      appellant admits that he never contacted his second-level supervisor on the
      occasions when his first-level supervisor was unavailable for the weekly progress
      meetings.   IAF, Tab 36 at 60.       We find wholly unpersuasive the appellant’s
      assertion that he did not know how to meet with his second-level supervisor
      because he was located in another part of the state, several hundred miles away.
      See PFR File, Tab 6 at 19. If the appellant were truly uncertain as to how these
      meetings were to take place, he could have taken the simple step of contacting his

      6
        Regarding his performance standards, the appellant states that the agency: (1) did not
      notify him as to whether he successfully completed the PIP until 2 months after the PIP
      period had ended; (2) confused him by rating his performance as successful in other
      critical elements which had requirements similar to CE1; (3) confused him by rating his
      performance as unacceptable in CE1, although he had received favorable ratings in CE1
      in previous years; (4) issued a PIP completion letter that confused him because it
      indicated that he had passed the PIP but also stated that his performance had only
      improved to “a minimally acceptable level”; and (5) failed to counsel him about timely
      responding to e-mail communications, complying with deadlines, proofreading his work
      product, or any other performance deficiencies, prior to placing him on the PIP. PFR
      File, Tab 6 at 12-14, 16.
                                                                                           8

      second-level supervisor by telephone or e-mail to seek clarification.         We also
      reject the appellant’s purely speculative contention that any meetings with his
      second-level supervisor would not have been fruitful. See id.
¶15         The appellant states that during the progress meetings that did take place,
      his first-level supervisor was “disparaging,” failed to make positive comments
      about his work, and instead used these meetings to “be negative” and “point[ ] out
      errors.”   Id. at 11-12.   During his deposition, the appellant explained that he
      found the meetings “discouraging” because his supervisor “complained about
      everything [he] did” and always made comments such as “you missed doing this
      . . . I don’t like this; you messed up this; you forgot to put the link here . . . you
      didn’t correct the edits that I gave you.” IAF, Tab 36 at 61-62. He believed that
      not every meeting should have been about his errors. Id. at 62. Although the
      appellant may have preferred to receive positive feedback about his work, it is
      unclear how the agency was to communicate performance deficiencies to him
      without identifying errors.
¶16         In any event, we find that the agency adequately informed the appellant of
      the performance standards for his position. 7       Based on the appellant’s own
      description of what took place during progress meetings, it appears to us that his
      supervisor counseled him regarding his performance by pointing out areas in
      which he remained deficient. There are also numerous examples in the record of

      7
        The appellant also asserts that the agency held him to a higher standard than his
      performance plan required. PFR File, Tab 6 at 13-14. We do not agree that requiring
      the appellant to timely respond to e-mails, meet deadlines, and proofread his work
      product constitutes an improper enlargement of his job duties. CE1 explicitly required
      the appellant to provide advice and technical services in a “timely” manner. IAF,
      Tab 22 at 9. Moreover, no counseling should have been necessary for the appellant,
      who was notably a supervisory employee, to understand that he needed to respond to
      communications from his supervisor and complete assignments in a timely manner
      without numerous errors. Cf. Goodwin v. Department of the Air Force, 75 M.S.P.R.
      204, 207-08 (1997) (finding that, given the types of tasks the employee was required to
      complete during a PIP, training was not required and, to the extent counseling may have
      been necessary, it needed to occur in response to the work product submitted by the
      employee).
                                                                                            9

      the agency’s efforts to explain to the appellant his performance requirements and
      how his performance fell short of those standards. The appellant received a copy
      of his performance plan, which set forth the performance expectations for CE1, in
      February 2010.     IAF, Tab 22 at 6, 9.      On his performance appraisal and the
      associated PIP, the agency cited various assignments wherein the appellant’s
      performance was deficient under CE1, indicating that he had failed to include
      requested changes in a document, failed to conduct thorough research and provide
      a clear response to an inquiry, and failed to timely complete assignments. Id.
      at 9, 18-20. During the PIP, the appellant’s supervisor held a progress review
      meeting wherein she counseled the appellant to review his work for grammatical
      errors before turning in assignments. See IAF, Tab 11 at 54. She also informed
      him that his work on a project that involved revising a policy was incomplete
      because it did not include certain edits she had requested and contained other
      errors. Id. at 47. The PIP completion letter reiterated that the appellant must
      ensure his assignments were complete and fully responsive to management needs,
      accurate, and proofread for grammatical and typographical errors. IAF, Tab 22
      at 24-26. During the period following the PIP, the appellant’s supervisor notified
      him on several occasions of the importance of checking his e-mail and providing
      timely responses and again noted assignments that contained errors and were not
      fully responsive to management requests.          See, e.g., IAF, Tab 15 at 97-98,
      103-04.   We therefore discern no basis to conclude that the appellant did not
      receive a reasonable opportunity to improve his performance. 8
      The agency proved by substantial evidence that the appellant’s performance in
      CE1 was unacceptable.
¶17         The appellant disputes the administrative judge’s finding that the agency
      proved by substantial evidence that his performance was unacceptable, arguing
      that she failed to consider various extenuating circumstances. PFR File, Tab 6
      8
        The appellant also asserts that the agency “bombarded” him with tasks that it knew his
      disability made it difficult for him to complete, but failed to provide him with a
      reasonable accommodation. PFR File, Tab 6 at 8. This argument is addressed below.
                                                                                             10

      at 20-27.   He suggests that, to the extent that he failed to timely respond to
      e-mails during the period at issue, this was because:           (1) he did not have a
      desktop computer in his immediate office because he had recently moved offices;
      (2) agency management did not communicate any policy to him concerning
      responding to e-mails; (3) his supervisor failed to follow-up on important e-mails
      with a “more effective” form of communication; and (4) he was working on
      preparing for a complex retirement counseling session, which was time intensive.
      Id. at 22-25. However, there is no dispute that the appellant had access to a
      desktop computer in a conference room and also had an agency-issued
      Blackberry. Id. at 22; IAF, Tab 36 at 74-75. As previously stated, the appellant
      should not have required counseling or a written policy to understand the
      importance of timely reviewing and responding to e-mails. We also see no reason
      why his supervisor should have been required to personally seek him out to notify
      him of e-mails she had sent him. Further, the retirement counseling session to
      which the appellant refers took place on September 29, 2011, so this assignment
      does not explain why he failed to respond regarding the time-off award
      assignment until October 13, or why he failed to complete the majority of the
      organizational charts until October 12, even after the initial deadline of
      October 5, was extended to October 11. 9 See IAF, Tab 11 at 120.
¶18         The appellant takes issue with the agency’s determination that his
      performance on specific assignments was deficient.              He contends that his
      response to the time-off award assignment was adequate and that he could not

      9
        The appellant asserts that he timely completed all assignments because he believes
      that initial deadlines are merely targets and that assignments are not truly due until the
      “hard deadline” when no further extensions are available. PFR File, Tab 6 at 25-26.
      This argument is not persuasive. We see no indication that the appellant’s supervisor
      communicated to him that she did not actually expect to receive assignments from him
      by the deadlines she established. That the appellant’s supervisor apparently attempted
      to work with him by extending deadlines he had missed without forewarning or
      explanation does not establish that he was justified in failing to timely complete
      assignments.
                                                                                      11

      provide a clearer answer because the issue is open to interpretation. PFR File,
      Tab 6 at 26. He also argues that, although he was ultimately responsible for the
      APR forms that were found to contain errors, the errors were minor and were
      partially due to his supervisor’s failure to provide him and his staff with
      information necessary to complete the forms sufficiently far in advance.        Id.
      at 26-27. However, the agency is only required to prove by substantial evidence
      that the appellant’s performance was deficient.     See Thomas v. Department of
      Defense, 95 M.S.P.R. 123, ¶ 7 (2003), aff’d, 117 F. App’x 722 (Fed. Cir. 2004).
      Regardless of whether reasonable persons might disagree, we find that a
      reasonable person could conclude that his performance on these assignments was
      deficient. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.56(c)(1). The appellant’s subjective belief that his
      performance was adequate does not provide a basis for review.
¶19         The appellant also states that the administrative judge erroneously found
      that his performance deficiencies continued until December 8, 2011, which he
      argues constitutes a material error because the agency only relied upon
      performance deficiencies through October 13, 2011, in proposing his removal.
      PFR File, Tab 6 at 5, 20-22; see ID at 16. The agency concedes that it “did not
      rely upon any specific performance deficiencies in November and December 2011
      to effect [the appellant’s] removal.” See PFR File, Tab 14 at 25. To the extent
      that an error occurred, we discern no harm because we find that the agency
      proved by substantial evidence that the appellant’s performance in CE1 was
      unacceptable based upon the deficiencies identified in its proposal notice. See
      Panter v. Department of the Air Force, 22 M.S.P.R. 281, 282 (1984) (an
      adjudicatory error that is not prejudicial to a party’s substantive rights provides
      no basis for reversal of an initial decision).
      The appellant failed to prove his affirmative defense of retaliation.

¶20         The appellant asserts that the administrative judge failed to properly
      analyze the evidence in the record establishing that the agency placed him on a
                                                                                            12

      PIP and removed him in retaliation for his EEO activity, 10 including that agency
      management: (1) did not place him on a PIP until 4 months after the last alleged
      performance deficiency forming the basis for the PIP, which violated its own
      policy and agency managers’ stated beliefs regarding the appropriate manner of
      addressing performance deficiencies; 11 (2) had not counseled him on any of the
      alleged deficiencies prior to placing him on the PIP; (3) placed him on the PIP
      just 1 week after learning of his EEO activity; (4) removed him from the EARS
      team 2 days after he amended his EEO complaint to include his 2010 performance
      appraisal and the PIP; and (5) proposed his removal approximately 5 months after
      he filed his formal EEO complaint and 2 months after he requested a reasonable
      accommodation. PFR File, Tab 6 at 6-7, 32-34. He also states that he has a
      history of good performance and numerous professional achievements. Id. at 34.
¶21         The administrative judge indicated in the initial decision that she was not
      convinced, based on her observation of the behavior and demeanor of witnesses
      who testified at the hearing, that retaliation was the reason for the agency’s
      removal action.     ID at 33-34.     We must give deference to an administrative
      judge’s credibility determinations when they are based, explicitly or implicitly,
      on the observation of the demeanor of witnesses testifying at a hearing. Haebe v.

      10
         The appellant initiated EEO contact on April 11, 2011, and amended his informal
      complaint on April 25, 2011, to include his 2010 performance appraisal and the PIP,
      and on April 27, 2011, to include his removal from an Evaluation and Review Staff
      (EARS) team. IAF, Tab 8 at 254, 262-64. He filed a formal EEO complaint on July 21,
      2011, and made additional amendments on August 24, September 25, and October 13.
      Id. at 47-51, 174, 176, 178. He filed a reasonable accommodation request on October 9,
      2011. IAF, Tab 13 at 114.
      11
         The appellant also asserts that this delay violated 5 C.F.R. § 432.104. PFR File,
      Tab 6 at 14-16. To the extent that he is attempting to raise an affirmative defense of
      harmful procedural error, we decline to consider it because he has provided no
      explanation for his failure to raise such a claim below. See Arndt v. Department of
      Transportation, 16 M.S.P.R. 221, 225 (1983) (the Board will not review claims of
      affirmative defenses raised for the first time on review, where they are not supported by
      any new evidence which was unavailable before the record closed below); see also IAF,
      Tab 37 at 5-6, Tab 40 at 1-3.
                                                                                     13

      Department of Justice, 288 F.3d 1288, 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2002) . We may overturn
      such determinations only when there are “sufficiently sound” reasons for doing
      so. Id. We discern no basis to disturb the administrative judge’s findings in this
      instance.
¶22        The record contains contemporaneous written communications between
      members of agency management indicating that, in January 2011, the agency
      determined that the appellant’s performance in CE1 was unacceptable and thus
      began preparing the PIP.    IAF, Tab 16 at 21, 23-27.     The agency apparently
      planned to issue the PIP in late March 2011.       Id. at 65-68.    However, the
      appellant was then out of the workplace for medical reasons for approximately 1
      month, beginning on March 21, 2011. Id. at 72, 83-84, 133. The appellant did
      not initiate EEO contact until April 11, 2011, and agency management did not
      learn of it until April 18, 2011. IAF, Tab 8 at 254, 270, 273, Tab 15 at 199.
      Based on the foregoing, we agree with the administrative judge that the agency
      had already identified the appellant’s performance issues and devised a plan to
      address them before he engaged in protected EEO activity, thus negating any
      inference of a retaliatory motive as to the implementation of the PIP. See ID
      at 33-34.
¶23        The appellant appears to suggest that his removal from the EARS team, and
      his subsequent removal from the agency, are indicative, because of “suspicious
      timing,” of a pattern of retaliation stemming from his EEO activity. See PFR
      File, Tab 6 at 33.    However, temporal proximity alone is not sufficient to
      establish, by preponderant evidence, that the agency’s articulated reasons for its
      action are a pretext for retaliation. Betz v. Department of Justice, EEOC App.
      No. 0120073557, 2009 WL 363135, at *8 (Jan. 30, 2009). 12 The appellant offers
      no evidence to dispute the agency’s assertion that it removed him from the EARS

      12
        The Board generally defers to decisions of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity
      Commission concerning issues of substantive discrimination law. See Southerland v.
      Department of Defense, 119 M.S.P.R. 566, ¶ 20 (2013).
                                                                                               14

      team because, given that the team is tasked with evaluating district operations, it
      was not appropriate to retain him on the team while he was working under a PIP
      to raise his performance to an acceptable level. See IAF, Tab 8 at 75, 264, Tab 10
      at 25-27. Notably, in September 2011, agency management again authorized him
      to participate as an EARS evaluator following his successful completion of the
      PIP. IAF, Tab 17 at 19; see IAF, Tab 10 at 27-28. Moreover, as previously
      stated, we find that the appellant has not offered any evidence or argument that
      would cause us to disturb the administrative judge’s finding that the agency
      proved by substantial evidence that it removed the apellant from his position
      because of his continued unacceptable performance in CE1 following the PIP.
      The appellant failed to prove his affirmative defense of disability discrimination.

¶24         The appellant suffers from the eye condition esotropia, which he asserts
      affects his ability to read small font and causes him to experience eye fatigue and
      double vision after reading for prolonged periods, thereby “imped[ing] his ability
      to complete tasks that involve substantial reading.” 13 PFR File, Tab 6 at 8, 28;

      13
         The administrative judge found that the appellant is an individual with a disability
      because of his esotropia. ID at 28. We question this finding. In late-October and
      early-November 2011, the appellant’s ophthalmologist indicated that his initial
      treatment would be an adjusted eyeglass/contact lens prescription, with use of
      “over-the-counter reading glasses for near work” and that they would reassess his
      condition after 2 months to determine whether surgery would be necessary. IAF,
      Tab 13 at 124, 126-27. The agency proposed the appellant’s removal before this
      2-month trial period ended. To the extent that his esotropia could have been corrected
      with eyeglasses or contact lenses, it would not constitute a disability. See 29 C.F.R.
      § 1630.2(j)(1)(vi) (the ameliorative effects of ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses
      shall be considered in determining whether an impairment substantially limits a major
      life activity). Moreover, it is unclear whether the appellant is substantially limited in
      the major life activity of seeing simply because he is “limited in his ability to read for
      prolonged periods, especially small print” and experiences double vision when looking
      at a computer screen, which “correct[s] itself after [he is] able to close [his] eyes for an
      hour or more.” See IAF, Tab 13 at 115-16, 127. We need not decide these issues,
      however, because even assuming arguendo that the appellant was entitled to an
      accommodation which the agency failed to provide, he has not shown that his
      performance deficiencies and removal have any connection to the agency’s alleged
      failure to accommodate his disability.
                                                                                      15

      IAF, Tab 1 at 19-20, Tab 13 at 124, 126-27. He contends that the tasks which the
      agency assigned him, and upon which it relied to find his performance
      unacceptable following the PIP period, required “heavy proofreading,” which he
      could not complete successfully because the agency failed to provide him with
      magnification equipment and software as an accommodation for his disability.
      PFR File, Tab 6 at 8, 27-32. We disagree. We discern no basis to conclude that
      any difficulties the appellant may have had with his vision are responsible for his
      repeated failure to timely open e-mails and comply with deadlines, his failure to
      conduct thorough research and provide clear advice on technical questions, or his
      failure to correctly relay instructions when delegating assignments.
      The agency did not violate the appellant’s due process rights.

¶25        The appellant alleges that the agency violated his due process rights
      because the deciding official stated, regarding his failure to timely complete
      e-mailed assignments, that the record evidence implied that he “ignored [his]
      supervisor’s emails until she forced [him] to recognize that she was directing
      [him] to provide her with certain advisory services.” PFR File, Tab 6 at 34-35;
      IAF, Tab 21 at 138.     According to the appellant, these statements constituted
      “material allegations that differed from the proposal letter” because the proposal
      notice did not characterize his actions as willful. PFR File, Tab 6 at 34-35. He
      therefore argues that he did not have a fair opportunity to respond to the charges
      against him. Id.
¶26        When proposing an action under chapter 43, an agency’s proposal notice
      must identify the “specific instances of unacceptable performance by the
      employee on which the proposed action is based” and the critical elements
      involved in each instance of unacceptable performance. 5 U.S.C. § 4303(b)(1).
      The agency afforded the appellant all of the process he was due; it notified him of
      the specific instances of unacceptable performance upon which the proposed
      action was based, explained that all of the instances related to his performance in
                                                                               16

CE1, afforded him over 2 weeks to submit a reply, and considered his reply when
reaching its decision. See IAF, Tab 21 at 135-39, 141-54, 156-65. While the
appellant objects to the deciding official’s alleged characterization of the
instances of unacceptable performance included in the proposal notice as willful,
he does not argue that the deciding official relied upon instances of unacceptable
performance not included in the proposal notice. We thus discern no basis to
conclude that the agency violated the appellant’s due process rights.

                NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                   YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS
     You have the right to request further review of this final decision.

Discrimination Claims: Administrative Review
      You may request review of this final decision on your discrimination
claims by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). See Title 5
of the United States Code, section 7702(b)(1) (5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1)). If you
submit your request by regular U.S. mail, the address of the EEOC is:
                          Office of Federal Operations
                   Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                P.O. Box 77960
                           Washington, D.C. 20013

     If you submit your request via commercial delivery or by a method
requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                          Office of Federal Operations
                   Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                               131 M Street, NE
                                 Suite 5SW12G
                           Washington, D.C. 20507

     You should send your request to EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after
your receipt of this order. If you have a representative in this case, and your
representative receives this order before you do, then you must file with EEOC no
                                                                                   17

later than 30 calendar days after receipt by your representative. If you choose to
file, be very careful to file on time.

Discrimination and Other Claims: Judicial Action
      If you do not request EEOC to review this final decision on your
discrimination claims, you may file a civil action against the agency on both your
discrimination claims and your other claims in an appropriate United States
district court. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2). You must file your civil action with
the district court no later than 30 calendar days after your receipt of this order. If
you have a representative in this case, and your representative receives this order
before you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar
days after receipt by your representative. If you choose to file, be very careful to
file on time. If the action involves a claim of discrimination based on race, color,
religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling condition, you may be entitled to
representation by a court-appointed lawyer and to waiver of any requirement of
prepayment of fees, costs, or other security.          See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)
and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.

FOR THE BOARD:                             ______________________________
                                           William D. Spencer
                                           Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.