Court Opinion

ID: 9911101
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-19 16:02:13.26272+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:55:54.519254
License: Public Domain

Case: 22-1938    Document: 51    Page: 1   Filed: 12/19/2023

        NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.

   United States Court of Appeals
       for the Federal Circuit
                  ______________________

        ONTEL PRODUCTS CORPORATION,
                  Appellant

                            v.

        GUY A. SHAKED INVESTMENTS LTD.,
                       Appellee
                ______________________

                        2022-1938
                  ______________________

     Appeal from the United States Patent and Trademark
 Office, Patent Trial and Appeal Board in No. IPR2021-
 00052.
                  ______________________

                Decided: December 19, 2023
                  ______________________

    JOHN S. ARTZ, Dickinson Wright PLLC, Ann Arbor, MI,
 argued for appellant.

     GABRIEL K. BELL, Latham & Watkins LLP, Washing-
 ton, DC, argued for appellee.     Also represented by
 JONATHAN M. STRANG, KEVIN WHEELER; ANN MARIE
 WAHLS, Chicago, IL.
                 ______________________

 Before TARANTO, CHEN, and CUNNINGHAM, Circuit Judges.
Case: 22-1938     Document: 51     Page: 2    Filed: 12/19/2023

 2                            ONTEL PRODUCTS CORPORATION v.
                              GUY A. SHAKED INVESTMENTS LTD.

 TARANTO, Circuit Judge.
     Guy A. Shaked Investments Ltd., which the parties re-
 fer to as “Dafni,” owns U.S. Patent No. 9,877,562, which
 describes and claims a hairbrush containing specified heat-
 ing elements and other features. Dafni sued Ontel Prod-
 ucts Corp., alleging infringement of the ’562 patent (among
 other patents). Ontel then petitioned the Patent and
 Trademark Office for an inter partes review (IPR) of all
 claims of the ’562 patent. The PTO’s Patent Trial and Ap-
 peal Board, after instituting and then conducting the re-
 quested review, issued a final written decision that rejected
 Ontel’s challenges to the ’562 patent’s claims. Ontel Prod-
 ucts Corp. v. Guy A. Shaked Investments Ltd., No.
 IPR2021-00052, 2022 WL 1157702 (P.T.A.B. Apr. 18, 2022)
 (’562 Final Written Decision). Ontel appeals. We now dis-
 miss the appeal because the dispute between Ontel and
 Dafni over this patent is moot. 1
                               I
      The mootness question involves the relationship of this
 IPR to the infringement litigation between Dafni and On-
 tel. Dafni filed its infringement action against Ontel in fed-
 eral court in California in December 2019—asserting three
 utility patents (the ’562 patent; U.S. Patent No. 9,578,943;
 and U.S. Patent No. 9,591,906) and one design patent—but
 the action was transferred to the District of New Jersey in
 the summer of 2020. Complaint for Patent Infringement,
 Guy A. Shaked Investments Ltd. v. Ontel Products Corp.,
 No 1:20-cv-09901 (D.N.J. Dec. 16, 2019), ECF No. 1 [here-
 after “Ontel N.J.”]; Order Granting Motion to Transfer
 Venue, Ontel N.J. (July 30, 2020), ECF No. 40. In late Sep-
 tember and early October 2020, Ontel filed three IPR

     1 Dafni’s Motion for Leave to File Sur-Reply, ECF No.

 28, is granted. We accept Dafni’s proposed sur-reply at-
 tached to that motion as Exhibit A.
Case: 22-1938     Document: 51      Page: 3     Filed: 12/19/2023

 ONTEL PRODUCTS CORPORATION v.                                 3
 GUY A. SHAKED INVESTMENTS LTD.

 petitions, one for each of the three asserted utility patents.
 In December 2020, the district court granted a stay of the
 infringement action pending resolution of Ontel’s pending
 IPR petitions. Order, Ontel N.J. (Dec. 2, 2020), ECF No.
 84.
     In April 2021, the Board (acting for the PTO’s Director)
 declined to institute the requested review of the ’943 patent
 and six days later did institute the requested reviews of the
 ’562 patent and the ’906 patent. In early May 2021, Dafni
 asked the district court to lift the stay so that litigation
 could proceed on the ’943 patent (and the design patent),
 representing that it would “immediately amend its com-
 plaint to dismiss the ’906 and ’562 patents with prejudice
 from this litigation” if the district court did so. Letter at 1–
 2, Ontel N.J. (May 12, 2021), ECF No. 90. In May 2021,
 the district court lifted the stay. Order, Ontel N.J. (May
 18, 2021), ECF No. 92. Ontel sought reconsideration, stat-
 ing that it planned to ask the PTO for a reexamination of
 the ’943 patent, Motion and Memorandum, Ontel N.J.
 (May 22, 2021), ECF Nos. 93, 94, but the district court de-
 nied reconsideration on July 30, 2021, Order, Ontel N.J.
 (July 30, 2021), ECF No. 104.
     On August 9, 2021, Dafni and Ontel filed a joint stipu-
 lation to dismiss the ’562 and ’906 patent-infringement
 claims. Joint Stipulation of Dismissal, Ontel N.J. (Aug. 9,
 2021), ECF No. 105. The stipulation included, in a whereas
 clause, a provision concerned with the essential objective
 of Dafni’s decision in May to offer to withdraw its assertion
 of the two patents, namely, to allow the litigation on the
 ’943 patent (and design patent) to proceed. Specifically, the
 whereas clause provided, among other things, that Dafni
 covenanted not to sue Ontel on the ’562 and ’906 patents
 “so long as any motion to stay Ontel may file in the future
 based on its ex parte reexamination request of the ’943 Pa-
 tent” (or certain related PTO proceedings on that patent)
 “is denied.” Id. at 2–3. One day later, the district court
 issued an order that dismissed Dafni’s claims of
Case: 22-1938     Document: 51     Page: 4    Filed: 12/19/2023

 4                            ONTEL PRODUCTS CORPORATION v.
                              GUY A. SHAKED INVESTMENTS LTD.

 infringement of the ’562 and ’906 patents “with prejudice
 subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Parties’
 Joint Stipulation.” Order at 1, Ontel N.J. (Aug. 10, 2021),
 ECF No. 106.
      Litigation on the ’943 patent resumed. But on Decem-
 ber 1, 2021, litigation was stayed again when a PTO exam-
 iner, in conducting an Ontel-requested reexamination of
 most claims of the ’943 patent (claims 1–19), issued an Of-
 fice Action rejecting the reexamined claims. Order, Ontel
 N.J. (Dec. 1, 2021), ECF No. 126. On July 8, 2022, the PTO
 issued a Reexamination Certificate for the ’943 patent con-
 taining not only the two claims that had not been reex-
 amined (claims 20 and 21), but also amended forms of all
 the other claims and a large number of new claims, with
 the PTO deeming all the reexamined claims and new
 claims patentable. See ’943 patent, Ex Parte Reexamina-
 tion Certificate. On August 3, 2022, the district court lifted
 the stay. Letter Order, Ontel N.J. (Aug. 3, 2022), ECF No.
 133.
     Five days later, Dafni moved the district court for an
 order reinstating the assertions of infringement of the ’562
 and ’906 patents, despite the stipulation and order of dis-
 missal in August 2021; in support of the request, Dafni in-
 voked the stipulation’s condition relating to reexamination
 of the ’943 patent. Motion, Ontel N.J. (Aug. 8, 2022), ECF
 No. 137. By the time Dafni filed this motion, the Board, in
 April 2022, had issued final written decisions in the IPRs
 addressing the ’562 and ’906 patents upholding all the
 claims in the former and two claims in the latter. ’562 Fi-
 nal Written Decision, at *22; Ontel Products Corp. v. Guy
 A. Shaked Investments Ltd., IPR2020-01728, 2022 WL
 1158439 (P.T.A.B. Apr. 18, 2022). Ontel opposed Dafni’s
 motion to reinstate the ’562 and ’906 patent-infringement
 claims. Opposition, Ontel N.J. (Aug. 23, 2022), ECF No.
 138. In October 2022, the district court denied Dafni’s mo-
 tion and ordered Dafni to amend its complaint to formally
 remove the claims of infringement of the ’562 and ’906
Case: 22-1938    Document: 51      Page: 5    Filed: 12/19/2023

 ONTEL PRODUCTS CORPORATION v.                              5
 GUY A. SHAKED INVESTMENTS LTD.

 patents. Memorandum Order, Ontel N.J. (Oct. 5, 2022),
 ECF No. 153. Dafni did so in November 2022. Corrected
 First Amended Complaint, Ontel N.J. (Nov. 3, 2022), ECF
 No. 158. And at least by February 2023, when Dafni filed
 its brief responding to Ontel’s brief as appellant in this
 court, Dafni had disclaimed any right that it might have
 had to “to vacate, appeal, challenge, or otherwise seek to
 overturn the district court’s order dismissing the ’562 pa-
 tent.” Ontel’s Response Brief at Add. 1–2.
                              II
     “On appeal . . . a case becomes moot ‘when the issues
 presented are no longer “live” or the parties lack a legally
 cognizable interest in the outcome.’” ABS Global, Inc. v.
 Cytonome/ST, LLC, 984 F.3d 1017, 1020 (Fed. Cir. 2021)
 (quoting Already, LLC v. Nike, Inc., 568 U.S. 85, 91 (2013)).
 When the Board in its final written decision in an IPR has
 rejected a patentability challenge to a claim, we have rec-
 ognized (without being exhaustive) that the disappointed
 petitioner has the required concrete stake in seeking a
 court judgment setting aside the Board’s decision on the
 claim in several circumstances. The most common is when
 the patent owner has a pending patent-infringement suit
 against it that asserts the patent claim at issue. We have
 also recognized that an appeal may proceed if the peti-
 tioner-appellant “show[s] that it is engaged or will likely
 engage ‘in an[ ] activity that would give rise to a possible
 infringement suit.’” JTEKT Corp. v. GKN Automotive
 LTD., 898 F.3d 1217, 1220 (Fed. Cir. 2018) (second altera-
 tion in original) (quoting Consumer Watchdog v. Wisconsin
 Alumni Research Foundation, 753 F.3d 1258, 1262 (Fed.
 Cir. 2014)). And a petitioner-appellant may be able to pro-
 ceed by showing that it “has contractual rights that are af-
 fected by a determination of patent validity.” Id. (citing
 MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc., 549 U.S. 118, 137
 (2007)).
Case: 22-1938     Document: 51     Page: 6    Filed: 12/19/2023

 6                            ONTEL PRODUCTS CORPORATION v.
                              GUY A. SHAKED INVESTMENTS LTD.

      This case involves none of those circumstances. Dafni’s
 prior ’562 patent-infringement claim against Ontel is no
 longer pending. The dismissal with prejudice, coupled with
 the disclaimer of any right to challenge the district court’s
 order dismissing the claim of infringing that patent (in-
 cluding by seeking to reinstate the ’562 patent-infringe-
 ment claim), precludes any new assertion of that patent
 against Ontel based on then-existing Ontel conduct. And
 Ontel has not provided any evidence of planned or likely
 future conduct that could risk potential-infringement lia-
 bility, Ontel’s Reply Brief at 6, or of any relevant contrac-
 tual rights.
     Ontel identifies no other circumstance that justifiably
 defeats mootness. The most that Ontel does is assert an
 interest in not having Dafni “rely on the Board’s decision”
 regarding the ’562 patent in the district court litigation
 that involves the ’943 patent. Ontel’s Reply Brief at 4–5.
 But Ontel never specifies what that reliance might be, par-
 ticularly in light of our statements about the lack of preclu-
 sive effect, including under the issue preclusion (collateral
 estoppel) principle, of Board determinations that cannot be
 appealed. See Allgenesis Biotherapeutics Inc. v. Cloud-
 break Therapeutics, LLC, 85 F.4th 1377, 1382 (Fed. Cir.
 2023). We have also stated that, when a party lacks a cog-
 nizable interest in challenging the Board’s upholding of
 particular patent claims, the party generally may not es-
 tablish the concrete stake needed to proceed with an appeal
 of the Board ruling by pointing to the Board’s conclusions
 on particular issues drawn along the way to the Board’s
 bottom-line ruling and invoking “‘the potential for collat-
 eral consequences’” of those conclusions for challenges to
 other possible patent claims not actually at issue in the
 case at hand. Id. (quoting Best Medical International, Inc.
 v. Elekta Inc., 46 F.4th 1346, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2022)). Ontel
 has not shown anything concrete that could suffice for
 maintenance of this appeal in light of those constraints. If
 the Board’s decision is used in another proceeding in a way
Case: 22-1938     Document: 51     Page: 7    Filed: 12/19/2023

 ONTEL PRODUCTS CORPORATION v.                               7
 GUY A. SHAKED INVESTMENTS LTD.

 Ontel believes to be legally improper, Ontel may present a
 challenge to that use in that other proceeding.
     We conclude that dismissal, not vacatur of the Board’s
 decision, is the appropriate disposition of this appeal. “Be-
 cause [vacatur] is rooted in equity, the decision whether to
 vacate turns on ‘the conditions and circumstances of the
 particular case.’” Azar v. Garza, 138 S. Ct. 1790, 1792
 (2018) (quoting United States v. Hamburg-Amerikanische
 Packetfahrt-Actien Gesellschaft, 239 U.S. 466, 478 (1916)).
 On one hand, “[v]acatur is in order when mootness occurs
 through happenstance—circumstances not attributable to
 the parties—or . . . the ‘unilateral action of the party who
 prevailed in the lower court.’” Arizonans for Official Eng-
 lish v. Arizona, 520 U.S. 43, 71–72 (1997) (quoting U.S.
 Bancorp Mortgage Co. v. Bonner Mall Partnership, 513
 U.S. 18, 23 (1994)). On the other, “mootness by reason of
 settlement does not justify vacatur of a judgment under re-
 view.” U.S. Bancorp, 513 U.S. at 29; see also Tafas v. Kap-
 pos, 586 F.3d 1369, 1371 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (en banc)
 (“[W]hen a party procures the conditions that lead to a case
 becoming moot, that party should not be able to obtain an
 order vacating the lower court decision that was adverse to
 that party.” (citing U.S. Bancorp, 513 U.S. 18)). The pre-
 sent case became moot through actions that are closer to
 joint settlement than to unilateral action by Dafni to pro-
 tect a favorable judgment.
     Even if mootness was ultimately produced by Dafni’s
 post-appeal disclaimer of any challenge to the district
 court’s dismissal, and refusal to vacate the dismissal, of the
 charge of infringement of the ’562 patent, the path to that
 disclaimer was far from being a course of unilateral action
 by Dafni. Dafni and Ontel jointly stipulated to the with-
 prejudice dismissal of Dafni’s ’562 patent-infringement
 charge; the district court expressly stated that its dismissal
 order (based on a draft proposed jointly by Dafni and Ontel)
 was subject to the joint stipulation; Ontel vigorously op-
 posed Dafni’s motion to reinstate its ’562 patent-
Case: 22-1938    Document: 51      Page: 8     Filed: 12/19/2023

 8                          ONTEL PRODUCTS CORPORATION v.
                            GUY A. SHAKED INVESTMENTS LTD.

 infringement charge; and the denial of the 2022 reinstate-
 ment motion left the with-prejudice dismissal order in
 place. Exercising our equitable discretion, we decline to
 vacate the Board’s final written decision.
                             III
    Ontel’s appeal from the decision of the Board is dis-
 missed.
     The parties shall bear their own costs.
                       DISMISSED