Court Opinion

ID: 8482908
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-10 16:04:38.983541+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:49:42.732221
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: NOVEMBER 10, 2022; 10:00 A.M.
                 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

          Commonwealth of Kentucky
                 Court of Appeals

                    NO. 2021-CA-1161-MR

TAMMARA LEA STRICKLETT                              APPELLANT

            APPEAL FROM MASON CIRCUIT COURT
v.         HONORABLE STOCKTON B. WOOD, JUDGE
                  ACTION NO. 20-CI-00144

KEVIN ROBERT STRICKLETT                              APPELLEE

AND

                    NO. 2021-CA-1359-MR

KEVIN ROBERT STRICKLETT                    CROSS-APPELLANT

         CROSS-APPEAL FROM MASON CIRCUIT COURT
v.         HONORABLE STOCKTON B. WOOD, JUDGE
                  ACTION NO. 20-CI-00144

TAMMARA LEA STRICKLETT                       CROSS-APPELLEE
                           OPINION
     AFFIRMING IN PART, REVERSING IN PART, AND REMANDING

                                   ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: ACREE, CETRULO, AND GOODWINE, JUDGES.

GOODWINE, JUDGE: Tammara Lea Stricklett (“Tammara”) appeals the August

30, 2021 order of the Mason Circuit Court awarding her maintenance. Her former

spouse, Kevin Robert Stricklett (“Kevin”), cross-appeals the same order. After

careful review, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.

                                  BACKGROUND

             The parties were married in 1996 and separated in 2020. Tammara

petitioned for dissolution of the marriage and, after failing to reach a settlement,

the parties were referred to the domestic relations commissioner (“DRC”). After

an evidentiary hearing, the DRC made recommendations as to division of marital

property and debts. The trial court entered findings of fact, conclusions of law, and

a decree of dissolution adopting the DRC’s recommendations and reserving the

issue of maintenance. The matter was again referred to the DRC to determine

whether Tammara was entitled to maintenance and, if so, in what amount and for

what duration.

             The DRC conducted an evidentiary hearing on the issue of

maintenance and recommended Tammara be awarded $615.00 per month in

maintenance until she reaches retirement age, sixty-five years old. Tammara

                                          -2-
objected to the DRC’s recommendation, arguing she was entitled to indefinite

maintenance in the amount of $2,000.00 per month. The trial court adopted in part

and modified in part the DRC’s recommendations, awarding Tammara

maintenance in the amount of $1,000.00 per month until she turns sixty-six years

old. The court reasoned that Tammara would then be able to support herself using

her social security and retirement income.

                This appeal and cross-appeal followed. Additional facts will be

developed as needed in our analysis below.

                                 STANDARD OF REVIEW

                Determinations of whether to award maintenance, as well as the

amount and duration of the award, are within the sound discretion of the trial court.

See Powell v. Powell, 107 S.W.3d 222, 224 (Ky. 2003). We will not disturb a trial

court’s findings of fact unless they are clearly erroneous. CR1 52.01. Findings of

fact are not clearly erroneous if supported by substantial evidence. Moore v.

Asente, 110 S.W.3d 336, 354 (Ky. 2003) (footnote omitted). If factual findings are

supported by substantial evidence and KRS[2] 403.200 is correctly applied, we will

not disturb the trial court’s maintenance decision. See Maclean v. Middleton, 419

S.W.3d 755, 765 (Ky. App. 2014).

1
    Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.
2
    Kentucky Revised Statutes.

                                           -3-
                                     ANALYSIS

             On appeal, Tammara argues the trial court erred by failing to award

her open-ended maintenance in the amount of $2,000.00 per month. On cross-

appeal, Kevin alleges the trial court abused its discretion in modifying the DRC’s

recommended maintenance award. Specifically, he raises the following issues: (1)

the trial court erroneously determined his income; (2) Tammara’s expenses

inappropriately include funds she provides to support the parties’ adult child; (3)

Tammara’s income is erroneously based on her voluntary underemployment; (4)

Tammara is not entitled to additional maintenance funds for retirement savings;

and (5) the trial court erred in awarding Tammara maintenance beyond the

retirement age. Kevin does not challenge the determination that Tammara is

entitled to maintenance, only the amount and duration thereof.

             After a trial court decides the requesting party is entitled to

maintenance under KRS 403.200(1), the court must determine the amount and

duration of the award under KRS 403.200(2).

             The maintenance order shall be in such amounts and for
             such periods of time as the court deems just, and after
             considering all relevant factors including:

                (a) The financial resources of the party seeking
                    maintenance, including marital property
                    apportioned to him, and his ability to meet his
                    needs independently . . . [;]

                                          -4-
                (b) The time necessary to acquire sufficient education
                    or training to enable the party seeking maintenance
                    to find appropriate employment;

                (c) The standard of living established during the
                    marriage;

                (d) The duration of the marriage;

                (e) The age, and the physical and emotional condition
                    of the spouse seeking maintenance; and

                (f) The ability of the spouse from whom maintenance
                    is sought to meet his needs while meeting those of
                    the spouse seeking maintenance.

KRS 403.200(2).

            Herein, the trial court adopted most of the DRC’s findings of fact.

Under KRS 403.200(2)(a), the DRC determined Tammara had financial resources,

including proceeds from the sale of the marital residence and income from her

employment as a certified nursing assistant (“CNA”) sufficient to cover all but

approximately $615.00 of her monthly expenses. Tammara’s expenses totaled

$3,282.00 per month. The DRC determined she could earn $2,047.14 per month

working full-time as a CNA and an additional $167.00 per month from oil and gas

leases. Tammara was also awarded half of the proceeds from the sale of the

marital residence, totaling $32,687.64, which the DRC determined she could use at

a rate of $454.00 per month to contribute to her expenses. Although the trial court

determined Tammara was “not earning much more than to eke out a living,” it did

                                        -5-
not modify the DRC’s calculation of her income or expenses. Record (“R.”) at

282.

             Next, the DRC determined KRS 403.200(2)(b) was inapplicable to

this matter because Tammara had been employed as a CNA throughout the

marriage and she was unlikely to seek additional education or retraining in the

future.

             Regarding KRS 403.200(c), the DRC found the parties enjoyed a

“modest standard of living during the marriage.” R. at 254. This was evidenced

by the fact that their largest assets were the marital residence and retirement

accounts. Any expenses beyond necessary costs of living, such as vacations, were

charged to credit cards. The parties accrued $15,000.00 in credit card debt which

was paid from the sale of the marital residence. On this basis, the DRC determined

only Tammara’s “normal monthly household expenses” needed to be considered in

determining the amount and duration of the maintenance award.

             The trial court modified the DRC’s findings because it determined the

parties lived above a modest standard of living because they were able to save

substantial funds for retirement. At the time of dissolution, Kevin’s retirement

account totaled $677,200.91. The DRC noted Tammara was awarded more than

$300,000.00 from his account and $2,300.00 from her retirement account. She will

also receive social security income upon retirement but did not testify to how much

                                         -6-
she expected to receive each month. The trial court found, after dissolution, Kevin

would have the continued ability to save for retirement, but Tammara would not be

able to do so without additional funds.

             The parties were married for twenty-four years. KRS 403.200(2)(d).

             Tammara was fifty-nine years old at the time the DRC made

recommendations. There is no evidence that she suffers from any physical or

emotional condition which would prohibit her from working full-time and

providing for herself. KRS 403.200(2)(e).

             The DRC determined, based on Kevin’s June 11, 2021 paystub, he

earns $4,707.65 per month in net income and has expenses of $3,820.00 per

month. This leaves him with $487.65 per month in excess income, which would

be insufficient to provide Tammara with the $615.00 per month in maintenance.

However, the DRC also found Kevin’s budgeted allowances for dining and

entertainment excessive. Kevin also routinely worked overtime, which would give

him additional income. Based on these facts, the DRC determined Kevin would be

able to meet his own needs while also paying $615.00 per month to Tammara in

maintenance.

             The trial court modified the DRC’s findings by using Kevin’s 2019

and 2020 income to determine his ability to meet his needs while also meeting

Tammara’s needs. In 2020, Kevin’s net income was $7,107.00 per month, which

                                          -7-
the court calculated by including the $750.00 and $225.00 per month he

contributed to his retirement and health savings accounts (“HSA”), respectively.

The trial court chose to exclude Kevin’s overtime income from its calculation.

Using $7,107.00 for Kevin’s income and $3,820.00 for his expenses, Kevin has an

excess of $3,287.00 per month in funds.

             Based primarily on its calculation of Kevin’s net income using his

2020 earnings and its finding that Tammara would no longer be able to save for

retirement without additional funds, the trial court modified the DRC’s

recommendation of $615.00 in monthly maintenance until Tammara reaches sixty-

five years old to $1,000.00 per month in maintenance until she reaches sixty-six

years old.

             First, we will consider the parties’ arguments regarding the amount of

the maintenance award. Kevin argues the trial court erred in its calculation of his

income. Weighing evidence is in the exclusive province of the trial court. Moore,

110 S.W.3d at 354 (footnote omitted). Kevin submitted both his recent paystubs

and evidence of his yearly income for 2019 and 2020. The DRC used a single

paystub to calculate Kevin’s income, but the trial court determined Kevin’s most

recent yearly earnings provided a more accurate depiction of his earnings. This is

not an abuse of discretion.

                                          -8-
             Relatedly, Kevin argues the trial court erred in including his HSA

contributions as income for purposes of calculating maintenance. Kevin elected to

make these contributions at the beginning of the year. He is not required to do so

by his employer. Kevin cites to no authority which indicates such contributions

should not be included as income when awarding maintenance. Therefore, we find

no abuse of discretion by the trial court.

             Next, Kevin argues Tammara used her support for one of the parties’

adult children to inflate her expenses. While it is true that Tammara submitted a

budget which included $500.00 per month in funds used to support the child, the

DRC did not include this amount in its calculation of her expenses and the trial

court did not modify the DRC’s determination to include those expenses.

             Furthermore, Kevin argues the DRC’s calculation of Tammara’s

income is based on her voluntary underemployment. The record refutes this

assertion. Both the DRC and the trial court found Tammara was capable of full-

time work and the DRC imputed her income using a forty-hour work week. The

trial court’s adoption of the DRC’s calculation of Tammara’s potential full-time

income was not an abuse of discretion.

             Kevin argues Tammara is not entitled to additional maintenance funds

to allow her to save for retirement. He asserts he is not required to save for

retirement but only elects to do so. He further argues there is no guarantee

                                             -9-
Tammara will save any additional funds from the maintenance award for

retirement. The trial court determined retirement savings was a significant factor

in the parties’ lifestyle prior to divorce under KRS 403.200(2)(c). It further

determined Tammara would have no ability to save based on her income if she

received only $615.00 per month in maintenance. On the other hand, based on the

trial court’s calculation of Kevin’s income, he would have $2,287.00 in excess

funds after his expenses and the $1,000.00 maintenance award which he could

choose to save for retirement. It is not an abuse of discretion for the trial court to

determine saving for retirement was a factor in the parties’ pre-dissolution lifestyle

under KRS 403.200(2)(c) and for the court to use this as the basis for awarding

Tammara additional maintenance funds.

             Tammara argues she is entitled to $2,000.00 per month in

maintenance. She bases this argument on her history of part-time employment.

However, both the DRC and trial court determined she is capable of working full-

time as a CNA. This would require no additional training or education. Tammara

presents no evidence of any health condition under KRS 403.200(2)(e) which

would inhibit her from full-time employment in her current field. Tammara cannot

simply choose not to work full-time and then demand Kevin make up the

difference with additional maintenance.

                                          -10-
             Based on the parties’ respective incomes and expenses, as determined

by the DRC and trial court, as well as the trial court’s determination of the

importance of retirement savings under KRS 403.200(2)(c), the trial court’s award

of $1,000 per month to Tammara is not an abuse of discretion.

             We turn now to the parties’ arguments regarding the duration of the

award. Kevin argues the trial court should not have extended the award past the

date on which Tammara reaches sixty-five years old. Here, like in Weldon v.

Weldon, 957 S.W.2d 283, 286 (Ky. App. 1997), the trial court abused its discretion

by awarding Tammara maintenance beyond retirement age. The court provides no

explanation for modifying the award from the DRC’s recommendation to grant

maintenance until Tammara reaches sixty-five years old. As noted by this Court in

Weldon, at the time the parties reach retirement, their incomes will be more equal

because Tammara was awarded approximately half, or more than $300,000.00, of

Kevin’s retirement fund. Id. Therefore, the decision to modify the DRC’s

recommendation as to the duration of the maintenance award was clearly

erroneous.

             Furthermore, given Tammara’s ability to gain full-time employment

without any additional training or education, as well as her lack of any condition

impeding her ability to work, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by

declining to award her indefinite maintenance. The duration of a maintenance

                                         -11-
award must directly correlate with the period during which the requesting spouse is

in need. Combs v. Combs, 622 S.W.2d 679, 680 (Ky. App. 1981). It is reasonable

to award maintenance until such time when Tammara reaches retirement age and

gains access, without penalty, to her portion of Kevin’s retirement fund, her own

retirement fund, and social security income.

                                   CONCLUSION

             Based on the foregoing, the order of the Mason Circuit Court is

affirmed in part and reversed in part. This matter is remanded to the trial court for

entry of an order awarding Tammara $1,000.00 per month in maintenance until she

reaches sixty-five years of age.

             ALL CONCUR.

BRIEF FOR APPELLANT/CROSS-                 BRIEF FOR APPELLEE/CROSS-
APPELLEE:                                  APPELLANT:

Jeffrey L. Schumacher                      Rebekah J. Rice
Maysville, Kentucky                        Maysville, Kentucky

                                        -12-