Court Opinion

ID: 6254387
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-17 21:25:48.886961+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:59:30.531649
License: Public Domain

Dissenting Opinion by
Mr. Justice Simpson:
Plaintiff filed a mechanic’s lien against defendant as ' owner and contractor, defendant moved to strike it off, plaintiff moved for leave to amend, the court dismissed the latter motion and made absolute the former, and plaintiff appeals.
Section 11 of the Act of June 4, 1901, P. L. 431, as amended by Section 1 of the Act of April 17,1905, P. L. 172, specifically sets forth what averments are necessary in a mechanic’s lien; with slight changes of verbiage, not affecting the meaning, they are the same as in Section 12 of the Act of June 16, 1836, P. L. 695, and hence the decisions under the latter act, so far as authorities are needed, are pertinent in considering the questions at issue in this case.
The requirements are threefold: First, that the claim shall set forth “the names of the party claimant and of the owner or reputed owner of the building, and also of the contractor, architect or builder.” The claim in this case says that the name of the claimant is William E. S. Dyer, the owner is Richard L. Wallace, and the contractor is the said Richard L. Wallace, trading as R. L. Wallace & Company. The second requirement is that the claim shall specify “the amount or sum claimed to be due and the nature or kind of the work done, or the kind and amount of materials furnished, or both, and the time *178when the materials were furnished or the work done or both, as the case may be.” The claim says that the amount due is $18,134.88, for services rendered in the erection and construction of the buildings under a contract with the owner, a copy of which is attached to the lien, and proceeds: “the said services consisted of the preparation of general and preliminary plans, — the location of the several buildings and structures, so as to permit them to be operated as a single plant; the preparation of detailed plans, working drawings, and specifications for each separate building and structure; the designing, selecting and supervising the installation and erection of the heating, ventilating, mechanical, electrical and sanitary equipment, including fire protecting apparatus, and whatever else was necessary to a complete construction of said plant, including the selection and purchase of engines and machinery of all kinds required in the operation of said plant for carrying on the wool scouring and wool storage business by the said owner and contractor. All of the above-mentioned services were rendered and performed by the said claimant in full compliance with the terms of the aforesaid contract.” It also says that claimant “entered upon the performance of said services on June 21, 1917, and was continuously engaged in the performance thereof until the date of the filing of this lien.”......The third and last requirement is that the claim shall specify “the locality of the structure or other improvement with such description thereof as may be necessary for the purpose of identification, and a description of the real estate upon which the same is situate.” The claim in this case describes particularly the property and the several buildings upon which the work was done, giving their location and size, as well as the purposes for which they were to be used. It is clear, therefore, that every requirement of the Act of 1905, is fully met by this lien, and the court below erred in striking it off, unless some other reason be shown for its action.
*179The principal objection grows out of the averment that the claim is not sufficiently specific; but this can hardly be so where, as here, it avers everything required by the statute. Moreover, this contention wholly overlooks the fact that the claim is not filed by a subcontractor, but by one who contracts directly with the owner. Under the Act of 1836, it was held in a series of cases, of which Haley v. Prosser, 8 W. & S. 133, is probably the last, that a mechanic’s lien would not be sustained “where there is a special contract with the owner,” for in that event “the party who deals with him must provide for his own security; but where there is no agreement in which the terms of the bargain are particularly stated, he is supposed to contract on the basis of the law.” Under that act, for the protection of the owner, a subcontractor was, and under the Act of 1901 still is, required to specify in detail the work which he did, the materials which he furnished, and the prices which he claims to be paid for them; but even in that class of cases (Willson v. Canevin, 226 Pa. 362) if a lien specifies the total contract price, and details the work and materials actually furnished, it is not necessary to state the prices charged for the various items.
Section 5 of the Act of April 16, 1845, P. L. 538, was passed to give to the principal contractor the right to file a lien, even though he had a special contract with the owner; and under it, beginning with Young v. Lyman, 9 Pa. 449, and running down to the present time (Brown v. Myers, 145 Pa. 17, 20; Murphy v. Bear, 240 Pa. 448, 451), it has been consistently held where the contract was made directly with the owner, it was not necessary to set forth the items for which the lien was filed, unless the contract itself provided for the work or materials to be furnished as specific items. The reason for the distinction between the two classes of liens is, in the latter class the owner already knows whether or not the lien is a proper one, and does not need to be advised in regard thereto; whereas in the former he does need the informa*180tion, because “the agreement between bim [tbe subcontractor] and tbe contractor is not tbe measure of tbe owner’s responsibility”: Chapman v. Faith, 18 Pa. Superior Ct. 578, 587. It necessarily follows, — and perhaps it is nowhere better stated than in Judge Rice’s opinion in tbe last-cited case, — if tbe claim gives tbe owner sufficient information to enable bim to know whether or not it ought to be paid, and to defend against it if be thinks it should not, it answers every purpose required by law.
Always remembering that here tbe contract was with tbe owner, and that if any one item is sufficiently averred this rule to strike off tbe entire claim must fail (McCrystal v. Cochran, 147 Pa. 225), tbe proper conclusion ought not to be difficult. Tbe contract provides “as compensation in full for services to be rendered by bim, tbe said Dyer shall be paid a commission of ten per cent of tbe total cost of the building construction and equipment,” and “all bids are to be submitted to Richard L. Wallace & Company; tbe several contracts are to be selected by Dyer, subject to the approval of Richard L. Wallace & Company, and placed by Richard L. Wallace & Company with tbe individual contractors.” This tbe claim avers was done, and hence it is clear defendant knew exactly what tbe bids were, who were tbe successful bidders, and what was plaintiff’s ten per cent thereof. Tbe lien says that one of tbe buildings actually “constructed” is a “power bouse” in which has been placed as part of tbe equipment, “two Coatesville boilers, Skinner engine, Western Electric Generator, Permutit Water Softener equipment, Harrison Safety Boiler Works feed water beater, Griscom-Russell hot water beater, and Walker Electric switchboard,” and “tbe particular items upon which said commission was based are particularly mentioned in tbe schedule hereto attached, marked ‘Exhibit B’”; from which we find the cost of those specific items is detailed as $8,170, $3,202, $1,815, $6,570, $670, $691, and $673, respectively. Upon those items which were “located” in the “constructed” power *181house, plaintiff is entitled to recover by this lien a ten per cent commission, but by striking it off he is deprived thereof.
Misled thereto by defendant’s denial that “any services were performed by the claimant for which a mechanic’s lien can be filed under the law,” the court below held, while it is true Section 1 of the Act of June 4,1901, P. L. 431, authorizes a lien in favor of an architect who draws plans and specifications for the work, and also superintends the erection of the structure or other improvement; yet this provision is unconstitutional because it is an extension of the right to file a lien beyond that existing at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of 1874, and under Page v. Carr, 232 Pa. 371, and kindred cases, such an extension is within the inhibition of Article III, Section 7 of the Constitution. The majority opinion does not make this error, which consists in the assumption that no such right existed when the Constitution of 1874 was adopted. In Bank of Penna. v. Gries, 35 Pa. 423, we held that an architect who draws plans and specifications of a building and also superintends its construction, is entitled to a lien. This case is followed in St. Clair Coal Company v. Martz, 75 Pa. 384, and Bernheisel v. Smothers, 5 Pa. Superior Ct. 113; and it is also recognized in Price v. Kirk, 90 Pa. 47, and Rush v. Able, 90 Pa. 153, which, however, limit its application to cases where an architect superintends the work as well as draws the plans and specifications. There is no authority to the contrary. In the present case, as quoted from the lien above, plaintiff did both, and therefore would have been entitled to a lien prior to 1874, and is now entitled to it under Section 1 of the Act of 1901.
It is next objected that the lien cannot be maintained because it shows plaintiff did not complete the work of supervision, the averment being “the said Richard L. Wallace [owner] refused to permit the said claimant to continue the supervision of the unfinished portion of said work in violation of the terms of the aforesaid contract.” *182In Bank v. Gries, supra, it was held an architect who is employed to draw plans for and supervise the construction of a building, is entitled to the full amount of his contract, although the work was stopped by the owner before it was completed. It is not necessary at this time to consider how far, if at all, the matter is affected by Deeds v. Imperial Brick Company, 219 Pa. 579, and Murphy v. Bear, 240 Pa. 448, especially as in the former mechanic’s lien case it was held to be erroneous to say that one employed to superintend the construction of a building may recover, after a wrongful discharge, the entire commissions he would have received had he continued so to do until completion, and equally erroneous to hold he would be entitled to be paid for his superintendence only up to the time of his discharge. In the present case the plans were prepared, a portion of the services of superintendence was unquestionably rendered, plaintiff was entitled to a lien for at least as much as they were worth, and the motion to strike off the whole lien should fail.
The exact point of divergence between the majority of the court and myself is found in the inquiry: Can a contractor who has been wrongfully refused permission to finish his contract, recover for work actually done, without setting forth in his lien an apportionment as between the work done and that not done? If an apportionment was requisite, still the judgment below should be reversed, for that question is not raised by the motion to strike off, defendant’s contention, as above quoted, being that the character of services performed was not such as to entitle plaintiff to a lien. That omission, if it be one, was amendable, and the lien doubtless would have been so amended had objection been made on that ground. But in this case it was not required. If the contract had been for a gross sum, perhaps it would have been (though even there, in my judgment, it would have been a matter for the jury, in view of plaintiff’s strict compliance with the act of assembly); but where, as here, the contract is *183made directly with the owner, and the extent of the recovery is measured by a percentage of a number of items, and the cost of any one thereof is averred, a rule to strike off the whole lien should not prevail: McCristal v. Coch- - ran, supra. Of course “the lien must be self-sustaining”; but that only means every requisite of the claim, as prescribed by law, must appear therein, or be fairly deducibletherefrom: Willson v. Canevin, supra; Chapman v. Faith, supra. In the present case, as shown above, every requisite of the act of assembly has been complied with, and no principal applicable to mechanics’ liens has been violated. In my opinion, therefore, the order striking off the lien should be reversed, the lien reinstated, and a procedendo awarded.