Court Opinion

ID: 4530382
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-04-30 17:14:12.729738+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:26:58.369857
License: Public Domain

J-S03002-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
              v.                       :
                                       :
                                       :
 MICHAEL AARON SCHERBANIC              :
                                       :
                   Appellant           :   No. 1612 WDA 2018

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 28, 2018
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-02-CR-0010894-2016

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
              v.                       :
                                       :
                                       :
 MICHAEL SCHERBANIC                    :
                                       :
                   Appellant           :   No. 1613 WDA 2018

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 28, 2018
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-02-CR-0006464-2017

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
              v.                       :
                                       :
                                       :
 MICHAEL AARON SCHERBANIC              :
                                       :
                   Appellant           :   No. 1614 WDA 2018

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 28, 2018
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-02-CR-0006462-2017

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
J-S03002-20

                                        :
              v.                        :
                                        :
                                        :
 MICHAEL SCHERBANIC                     :
                                        :
                   Appellant            :   No. 1615 WDA 2018

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 28, 2018
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-02-CR-0006463-2017

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA           :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                        :
              v.                        :
                                        :
                                        :
 MICHAEL SCHERBANIC                     :
                                        :
                   Appellant            :   No. 1616 WDA 2018

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 28, 2018
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-02-CR-0010899-2016

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA           :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                        :
              v.                        :
                                        :
                                        :
 MICHAEL SCHERBANIC                     :
                                        :
                   Appellant            :   No. 1617 WDA 2018

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 28, 2018
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-02-CR-0004787-2017

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA           :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                        :
              v.                        :
                                        :
                                        :

                                  -2-
J-S03002-20

    MICHAEL SCHERBANIC                           :
                                                 :
                       Appellant                 :   No. 1618 WDA 2018

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 28, 2018
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-02-CR-0010900-2016

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                 :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                                 :
                v.                               :
                                                 :
                                                 :
    MICHAEL AARON SCHERBANIC                     :
                                                 :
                       Appellant                 :   No. 1619 WDA 2018

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 28, 2018
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-02-CR-0010893-2016

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                 :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                                 :
                v.                               :
                                                 :
                                                 :
    MICHAEL AARON SCHERBANIC                     :
                                                 :
                       Appellant                 :   No. 1620 WDA 2018

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 28, 2018
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-02-CR-0010895-2016

BEFORE:      McLAUGHLIN, J., McCAFFERY, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.:                              FILED APRIL 30, 2020

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

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J-S03002-20

        Michael Aaron Scherbanic appeals from the judgments of sentence

entered on nine dockets1 following his jury trial convictions for numerous

sexual offenses and for intimidation of witnesses or victims, obstruction in a

child abuse case, and criminal solicitation.2 He argues that the trial court erred

in ordering that he be restrained during trial and in limiting his contact with

his attorney. We conclude Scherbanic waived his issues and therefore affirm.

        Scherbanic was charged with various sex offenses, some in October

2016 and others in July 2017, relating to sexual assaults of students at his

karate school. The Commonwealth filed additional charges in June 2017

stemming from Scherbanic's alleged attempts, while in Allegheny County Jail,

to retaliate against the sexual assault victims, including solicitation to commit

homicide. All of the charges were tried together.

        Prior to trial, in August 2017, the trial court found Scherbanic

incompetent to stand trial and committed him to Torrance State Hospital. The

court ordered that he was to “have no access to telephone, internet, or any

other form of electronic or written communications with any persons” and "no

visitors other than his Attorney” while in the hospital. Order, filed Jan. 10,

2018. The court later amended this order to provide that Scherbanic’s mother

could telephone him two times per month and that his attorneys “are

permitted to contact the defendant by telephone, incoming call only, no more

____________________________________________

1   Scherbanic filed a separate notice of appeal at each docket number.

2   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 4952(a)(1), 4958(b.1), and 902, respectively.

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than once (1) a week, a member of Torr[a]nce State Hospital must be present

during the phone call.” Order, filed Mar. 6, 2018. Scherbanic did not object to

either order.

       In March 2018, Scherbanic sought a continuance, arguing that the

Commonwealth recently joined three additional cases and “[Scherbanic]

wishes to testify and [was] at Torrance [State] Hospital from Jan 4 to March

14, 2018.” Motion for Continuance, filed Mar. 27, 2018. The motion stated

that “[Scherbanic] has provided counsel with 12-15 single space double side

documents for review of only 1st five cases with more to come on new three.

Counsel cannot digest all info by 4/4 [jury] selection day.” Id. The trial court

refused the continuance.3

       The trial court also ordered – unprompted by any motion of record - that

Scherbanic would wear leg shackles during his trial:

          [T]he Court HEREBY ORDERS that Mr. Scherbanic – though
          in street clothing during all phases of these proceedings –
          shall remain shackled, by the legs only, in a discreet
          manner. The jury will not be privy to this fact.

Order, filed Mar. 28, 2018. The record does not contain the trial court’s

explanation for the order. Nor does it contain any objection by Scherbanic to

the shackles.

____________________________________________

3 When first transmitted to this Court, the certified record did not include
Scherbanic’s motion for a continuance. The parties stipulated to the
submission of additional materials for inclusion in the certified record,
including the motion.

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       Scherbanic testified in his own defense. The court ordered that he would

do so from counsel table, not the witness stand. Counsel objected:

          THE COURT: I am going to request that he testify from his
          seat at counsel table. There we fixed up a microphone that
          we will use, this microphone that we will have to move over
          in front of him. I will just tell the jury that he’s testifying
          from his chair, not draw any adverse inference against him.
          They all heard he was clearly in jail.

          MR NARVIN: Right, as part of Travis Pagano's testimony
          makes that rather obvious.

          THE COURT: All of it.

          MR NARVIN: So, I would rather have you not mention it.

          THE COURT: Okay.

          MR NARVIN: We will just do it.

          THE COURT: That’s fine.

          MR NARVIN: My objection is already put on the record, we
          did it at the beginning of trial. I don't need to repeat that
          and the only follow up -- what I was planning on doing is
          having him sit there, . . . . I will use the lectern over there
          to address my questions.

          THE COURT: That’s fine.

N.T., 4/9-16/18, at 446-47. Although defense counsel mentioned a prior

objection, the objection was not transcribed.4

       A jury convicted Scherbanic of numerous sexual offenses including

multiple counts each of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse of person less

____________________________________________

4  Scherbanic filed a motion for recusal, claiming the trial court’s orders
exhibited its bias against him. The motion referenced a complaint Scherbanic
filed with the Judicial Conduct Board, stating he would file the complaint under
seal. The sealed complaint was not included in the certified record on appeal.

                                           -6-
J-S03002-20

than 16 years of age, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse with child,

indecent assault of person less than 13 years of age, unlawful contact with

minor, endangering welfare of children, corruption of minors, and indecent

exposure.5 The court also found Scherbanic guilty of intimidation of witness,

obstruction of child abuse case, and criminal solicitation.

       The trial court sentenced Scherbanic to a total of 78 to 156 years in

prison. Scherbanic filed a post-trial motion, which the trial court denied. He

filed a timely Notice of Appeal.6

       Scherbanic raises the following claims:

          1. Did the trial court err by Ordering that Mr. Scherbanic
          was to be physically restrained at trial without first making
          record findings showing that exceptional circumstances
          warranted their use?

          2. Did the trial court infringe Mr. Scherbanic’s constitutional
          right to counsel by issuing Orders that restricted Mr.
          Scherbanic’s ability to communicate with counsel before
          trial?

Scherbanic’s Br. at 2.

       Scherbanic first argues that the trial court erred in ordering that he wear

shackles at trial, without identifying on the record any exceptional

____________________________________________

518 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3123(a)(7), 3123(b), 3126(a)(7), 6318(a)(1), 4304(a)(1),
6301, and 3127(a), respectively.

6 The trial judge who presided over Scherbanic’s trial retired, and the trial
judge to whom the case was re-assigned filed a Rule 1925(a) statement
providing that “[a]s this Court did not hear the case and cannot adequately
address the errors alleged on appeal, this Court asks the Superior Court of
Pennsylvania to accept this 1925 Statement in Lieu of an Opinion.” Rule 1925
Statement, filed June 4, 2019.

                                           -7-
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circumstances justifying the restraint. He argues that the court ordered the

sheriff to put him in leg shackles at trial and that his “movements were also

further restricted by the trial court’s [o]rder that he must testify from counsel

table rather than the witness stand.” Scherbanic’s Br. at 15. He argues this

treatment was inherently prejudicial as it undermined the presumption of

innocence, detracted from the dignity and decorum of the judicial proceedings,

and impeded communication between Scherbanic and counsel.

      Scherbanic waived any issue regarding the use of shackles because he

raised no objection to their use at trial. Pa.R.A.P. 302(a). Scherbanic invites

us to excuse the waiver on the ground that the order shackling him was

unprompted by any motion and not supported by any explanation by the trial

court. However, he cites no authority allowing us to do so, and we are aware

of none. His citation to Bell Fuel Corp. v. Cattolico, 544 A.2d 450, 454 n.3

(Pa.Super. 1988), is inapposite. There, we refused to find waiver where the

appellant did not object when the trial judge stated he "might" consider the

request for a preliminary injunction under either a demurrer or summary

judgment standard. Cattolico, 544 A.2d at 452. We pointed out that the judge

never committed himself to either standard, neither of which we found

applicable, and noted the preliminary and equitable nature of the proceeding.

Id. at 454 n.3. Although Scherbanic additionally argues that the order

requiring him to give his testimony from counsel table “further restricted” his

movements, he provides no support for the assertion that requiring him to do

so was error.

                                      -8-
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      Scherbanic next argues that the trial court’s pre-trial orders restricting

“Scherbanic’s access to the outside world while he was confined in a lockdown

mental health facility” prevented Scherbanic from communicating with his

attorney. Scherbanic’s Br. at 21. He claims this interference with his access to

counsel infringed on his right to counsel. He notes that the court denied

Scherbanic’s request for a continuance, and required him to go to trial on this

complex case three weeks after his release from the hospital.

      Scherbanic did not object to the orders restricting his communication,

and made no claim before the trial court that the court infringed on his right

to counsel. He therefore waived this issue for appeal. Pa.R.A.P. 302(a).

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/30/2020

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