Court Opinion

ID: 4278161
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-05-24 16:03:57.218038+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:07:14.671303
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
                                                                           FILED
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
                                                                      May 24 2018, 6:57 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any                                  CLERK
                                                                       Indiana Supreme Court
court except for the purpose of establishing                              Court of Appeals
                                                                            and Tax Court

the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Anthony S. Churchward                                    Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Anthony S. Churchward, P.C.                              Attorney General of Indiana
Fort Wayne, Indiana
                                                         Lyubov Gore
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Dominic F. Tripoli,                                      May 24, 2018
Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         18A-CR-193
        v.                                               Appeal from the
                                                         Allen Superior Court
State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      John F. Surbeck, Jr., Judge
                                                         The Honorable
                                                         David M. Zent, Magistrate
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         02D06-1702-CM-776

Kirsch, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-193 | May 24, 2018                    Page 1 of 8
[1]   Dominic F. Tripoli (“Tripoli”) appeals his conviction following a jury trial for

      Class A misdemeanor invasion of privacy,1 contending that the trial court

      committed fundamental error when it admitted certain statements he contends

      were hearsay.

[2]   We affirm.

                                     Facts and Procedural History
[3]   Tripoli was in a relationship with C.B. from 2014 until mid-January 2016, when

      the two separated. Soon thereafter, C.B. obtained a civil protective order

      against Tripoli, the terms of which included that he: (1) was “prohibited from

      harassing, annoying, telephoning, contacting, or directly or indirectly

      communicating” with C.B.; and (2) was “ordered to stay away from [C.B.’s]

      residence.” State’s Ex. 1. On January 27, 2016, a patrol officer with the Allen

      County Sheriff’s Department personally served that protective order on Tripoli,

      explained to him the terms of the protective order, and told Tripoli that he

      could be arrested if he violated any of those terms. Tr. Vol. 1 at 30.

[4]   On November 18, 2016, C.B. was in her Allen County home when she received

      a call on her cell phone from a restricted line. C.B. answered the call, but the

      caller refused to identify himself and, instead, asked C.B. if she would go to

      dinner with him at her favorite restaurant, Biaggi’s. C.B. immediately

      1
          See Ind. Code § 35-46-1-15.1.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-193 | May 24, 2018   Page 2 of 8
      recognized the caller as Tripoli. She also knew that Tripoli had her cell phone

      number and knew that Biaggi’s was her favorite restaurant. Hoping that Tripoli

      would identify himself, C.B. asked the caller why she would go out for dinner

      when she did not know who the caller was. Becoming frustrated, C.B. told

      Tripoli, “I don’t know how many times I have to tell you this, it is over. Stop

      calling me. There are no more dinners. There’s nothing else between us.

      Furthermore, there is a restraining order.” State’s Ex. 2. Tripoli responded that

      he did not know why she obtained the restraining order. Id. C.B. told Tripoli

      that she did not want him near her, calling her, or emailing her. Id. Having

      recorded most of the conversation, C.B. ended the call and contacted the police.

[5]   Fort Wayne Police Officer Michael Dowling (“Officer Dowling”) responded to

      the call. C.B. told him that she had a protective order against Tripoli, that “he

      had been calling her on a restricted number [and] sending her emails,” and that

      she had seen him walking in an alley at the back of her house “a couple of

      times.” Tr. Vol. 1 at 37, 52-53. She also told Officer Dowling that Tripoli had

      called her earlier that day; C.B. then played the recorded conversation for the

      officer. Officer Dowling advised C.B. not to answer her phone and to

      document each time she received a call from a restricted line, received an email

      from Tripoli, or saw Tripoli in the area near her residence. Officer Dowling

      told C.B. to call the police if Tripoli made further contact, and he gave her a

      “control number.” Tr. Vol. 1 at 53-54.

[6]   On the evening of December 10, 2016, C.B was at home when “many, many,

      many” phone calls came in on her cell phone from a restricted line, seven of

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-193 | May 24, 2018   Page 3 of 8
      which came in within a twenty-three-minute period. Id. at 38. C.B., who was

      angry, eventually answered her phone, recognized the caller as Tripoli, and

      began yelling at him, telling him repeatedly to stop calling her. State’s Ex. 3.

      Tripoli asked C.B. if they could talk for a minute, saying that he didn’t

      understand C.B.’s actions because she had previously said she loved him. Id.

      C.B. replied that he should understand her by now and had been telling him for

      eight months that she did not love him and wanted nothing to do with him. Id.

      C.B. recorded this conversation, and after she ended the call, she contacted the

      police.

[7]   Fort Wayne Police Officer Mitchell Gearhart (“Officer Gearhart”) responded to

      the call, and C.B. told him that she had received multiple calls from a restricted

      line, but said she knew the caller was Tripoli. C.B. showed Officer Gearhart

      her call log and played the recording of the most recent phone conversation.

[8]   As soon as Officer Gearhart left the home, C.B.’s cell phone “started ringing

      again, repeatedly, consecutively,” and the calls were “one right after another.”

      Tr. Vol 1 at 41. The phone rang so continuously that C.B. was unable to use her

      own phone to call the police; instead, she had to use a phone that a friend had

      left with her. C.B. called 911 and told the operator that an officer had just left

      her residence but that her “ex,” Tripoli, was calling again. Id. C.B. said she

      thought Tripoli was watching her. Id. at 42. About three minutes after Officer

      Gearhart left C.B.’s home, dispatch advised him that C.B. was receiving

      additional phone calls and wanted him to return to her residence. Upon

      reaching C.B.’s home, Officer Gearhart noted that C.B. had five additional

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-193 | May 24, 2018   Page 4 of 8
       missed calls from a restricted line; Officer Gearhart told C.B. that he would

       investigate further and again left the premises.

[9]    As he left C.B.’s residence, Officer Gearhart “noticed the distinct tail lights of a

       Dodge vehicle” turning off C.B.’s street. Id. at 61. Officer Gearhart knew that

       Tripoli had driven a black Dodge Dart with heavily tinted windows in 2016,

       when C.B. and Tripoli were still dating. Thinking the car might be Tripoli’s,

       Officer Gearhart tried to keep it in sight. Being unsuccessful, Officer Gearhart

       returned to C.B.’s street, where he saw a dark colored Dodge stopped at an

       intersection less than a block away from C.B.’s house. Officer Gearhart pulled

       up next to the vehicle, but was unable to see the driver because of the heavily

       tinted windows. He could, however, see the vehicle’s license plate and relayed

       that information to dispatch, who reported that Tripoli was one of the registered

       owners of the vehicle. Officer Gearhart returned to C.B.’s residence and told

       her that she should contact the police at once if she heard or saw “anything”

       because “[Tripoli] may still be in the area.” Id. at 64.

[10]   On January 31, 2017, Tripoli was charged with Class A misdemeanor invasion

       of privacy. A jury trial was held on December 14, 2017, and Tripoli was found

       guilty as charged. During the sentencing hearing, the trial court sentenced

       Tripoli to 365 days, with 185 days suspended. Tripoli now appeals.

                                      Discussion and Decision
[11]   On appeal, Tripoli contends that the statement made by dispatch to Officer

       Gearhart, identifying Tripoli as one of the registered owners of the Dodge, was

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-193 | May 24, 2018   Page 5 of 8
       inadmissible hearsay. Tripoli concedes that he failed to object to the relevant

       portions of Officer Gearhart’s testimony at trial, but argues that the admission

       of that out-of-court statement was fundamental error because it “prevented

       Tripoli from receiving a fair trial.” Appellant’s Br. at 10. Here, we do not

       address the issue of hearsay because even if we assume, without deciding, that

       dispatch’s statement was inadmissible hearsay, we still find no fundamental

       error.

[12]   A failure to object when the evidence is introduced at trial waives the issue for

       appeal. Delarosa v. State, 938 N.E.2d 690, 694 (Ind. 2010). “But a claim waived

       by a defendant’s failure to raise a contemporaneous objection can be reviewed

       on appeal if the reviewing court determines that a fundamental error occurred.”

       Id. “The fundamental error exception is ‘extremely narrow, and applies only

       when the error constitutes a blatant violation of basic principles, the harm or

       potential for harm is substantial, and the resulting error denies the defendant

       fundamental due process.’” Id. (quoting Mathews v. State, 849 N.E.2d 578, 587

       (Ind. 2006)). “The error claimed must either ‘make a fair trial impossible’ or

       constitute ‘clearly blatant violations of basic and elementary principles of due

       process.’” Id. (quoting Clark v. State, 915 N.E.2d 126, 131 (Ind. 2009)). “This

       exception is available only in ‘egregious circumstances.’” Id. at 695 (quoting

       Brown v. State, 799 N.E.2d 1064, 1068 (Ind. 2003)).

[13]   To convict Tripoli of Class A misdemeanor invasion of privacy, the State was

       required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he knowingly or intentionally

       violated a protective order. Ind. Code § 35-46-1-15.1. C.B.’s civil protective

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-193 | May 24, 2018   Page 6 of 8
       order, in part, prohibited Tripoli from contacting her by telephone. Here,

       Tripoli does not contest that C.B. received unwanted phone calls in November

       and December of 2016; instead, he argues that without the corroborating

       evidence regarding Tripoli’s car registration, which proved he was near C.B.’s

       residence, the State would have been unable to prove that it was, in fact, Tripoli

       who made the phone calls to C.B.

[14]   Tripoli notes that C.B. was the only witness to testify that it was Tripoli’s voice

       she heard on the November and December phone calls. He contends that,

       because those calls came in from a restricted line, it was impossible for C.B. to

       be certain that Tripoli made the calls. As such, Tripoli asserts that, without

       Officer Gearhart’s testimony that the Dodge he found driving in C.B.’s

       neighborhood was registered to Tripoli, he would not have been convicted of

       Class A misdemeanor invasion of privacy. We disagree.

[15]   The record before us contains sufficient independent evidence that Tripoli was

       guilty of violating the civil protective order. The jury heard evidence that C.B.

       and Tripoli were in a relationship for about two years, and when that

       relationship ended, C.B. obtained a protective order against Tripoli to prohibit

       him from calling or otherwise being in contact with her. Tr. Vol. 1 at 33. Upon

       answering her cell phone on two separate occasions, November 18, 2016, and

       December 10, 2016, C.B. immediately and unequivocally identified Tripoli as

       the individual who was calling her. Id. at 34, 37-38, 49. The jury heard

       evidence that: (1) C.B. was familiar with Tripoli’s voice from her long-term

       relationship with him; and (2) Tripoli had C.B.’s cell phone number and knew

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-193 | May 24, 2018   Page 7 of 8
       that her favorite restaurant was Biaggi’s. Id. at 34, 35. Furthermore, the jury

       heard the content of the two recorded cell phone conversations, which reflected

       that the caller had been in a loving relationship with C.B. and knew about a

       protective order that she had obtained. State’s Ex. 2, 3.

[16]   Officer Gearhart testified that a vehicle matching the description of Tripoli’s

       vehicle was seen less than a block away from C.B.’s house. Tr. Vol. 1 at 62-63.

       C.B. testified that she believed Tripoli was nearby and watching her, which

       seemed probable from the evidence that C.B.’s incessant calls resumed as soon

       as Officer Gearhart left C.B.’s home. Id. at 41, 46-47. Therefore, the

       information from dispatch—that Tripoli was one of the registered owners of the

       Dodge located near C.B.’s home—had little if any probable impact on the jury.

       Accordingly, any error was harmless. See Hunter v. State, 72 N.E.3d 928, 932

       (Ind. Ct. App. 2017) (“The improper admission of evidence is harmless error

       when the erroneously admitted evidence is merely cumulative of other evidence

       before the trier of fact.”), trans. denied.

[17]   Affirmed.

[18]   Baker, J., and Bradford, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-193 | May 24, 2018   Page 8 of 8