Court Opinion

ID: 3112803
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 07:09:10.698916+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:34:25.760583
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS
                   SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                        FORT WORTH

                      NO. 02-11-00378-CV

DAVID J. KANTNER AND WIFE,                       APPELLANTS
SHERI K. KANTNER, JON D.
MATHE, DAVID MOORE, AND
WIFE, SYLVIA MOORE, AND
MICHAEL MORRIS AND WIFE, KIM
MORRIS

                                 V.

CHESAPEAKE ENERGY                                 APPELLEES
CORPORATION AND
CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,
LLC

                             ------------

       FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                             ------------

                      NO. 02-11-00379-CV

BRENT MUSSELMAN AND WIFE,                        APPELLANTS
TERRI MUSSELMAN, JAMIE R.
OLDHAM AND WIFE, JENEE L.
OLDHAM, TOMMY D. OSBORNE
AND WIFE, LORI M. OSBORNE,
AND MARK DEVEN PITT AND
WIFE, KRISTIN E. PITT

                                       V.

CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,                                             APPELLEES
LLC AND CHESAPEAKE ENERGY
CORPORATION

                                   ------------

          FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                                   ------------

                             NO. 02-11-00380-CV

FRANCOIS PELLETIER AND WIFE,                                      APPELLANTS
DARIE BERUBE, BILL J. RALSTON
AND WIFE, MADALYN M.
RALSTON, JOSEPH A. SIMON AND
WIFE, KAY L. SIMON,1 AND MARC
G. WILSON AND WIFE, ROSE M.
WILSON

                                       V.

CHESAPEAKE ENERGY                                                   APPELLEES
CORPORATION AND
CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,
LLC

      1
       Kay L. Simon was named as an appellant in the notice of appeal, but she
had previously nonsuited her claims against Appellees. Therefore, we dismiss
her appeal for want of jurisdiction. See Motor Vehicle Board of the Tex. Dep't of
Transp. v. El Paso Indep. Auto. Dealers Ass'n, Inc., 1 S.W.3d 108, 110 (Tex.
1999); Preston v. Am. Eagle Ins. Co., 948 S.W.2d 18, 21 (Tex. App.—Dallas
1997, no writ).

                                        2
                             ------------

      FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                             ------------

                      NO. 02-11-00381-CV

WARDELL HAMILTON, SR. AND                       APPELLANTS
WIFE, DIANE HAMILTON;
BARBARA A. HARRIS; REBECCA
HERNANDEZ; WILLIAM D.
KOLODZIE AND WIFE, MARY M.
KOLODZIE

                                 V.

CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,                          APPELLEES
LLC AND CHESAPEAKE ENERGY
CORPORATION

                             ------------

      FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                             ------------

                      NO. 02-11-00382-CV

MATTHEW PLATTS, G.L. POTTS                      APPELLANTS
AND WIFE, JENNIFER POTTS,
DEAN A. SCHUERMAN AND WIFE,
GINGER C. SCHUERMAN, AND
JOHN G. WOODS
                                 V.

CHESAPEAKE ENERGY                                APPELLEES
CORPORATION AND
CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,
LLC

                                  3
                             ------------

      FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                             ------------

                      NO. 02-11-00383-CV

JAMES M. REAVES AND WIFE,                       APPELLANTS
TERRI E. REAVES; MARK C.
RICHMOND AND WIFE, DEBRA M.
RICHMOND; AND CALVIN R.
WASHINGTON AND WIFE,
MAYRION A. WASHINGTON

                                 V.

CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,                          APPELLEES
LLC AND CHESAPEAKE ENERGY
CORPORATION

                             ------------

      FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                             ------------

                      NO. 02-11-00384-CV

HOWARD L. EASTER AND WIFE,                      APPELLANTS
GLENDA K. EASTER, GARY L.
ELLIOTT AND WIFE, KAYE T.
ELLIOTT, JERRY D. FUSELIER
AND WIFE, RHONDA M.
FUSELIER, AND DAVID G.
GARDNER AND WIFE, DONNA
GARDNER

                                 V.

                                  4
CHESAPEAKE ENERGY                                 APPELLEES
CORPORATION AND
CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,
LLC

                              ------------

       FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                              ------------

                       NO. 02-11-00385-CV

JERRY L. SIMMANK, JR.;                           APPELLANTS
RICHARD D. WILSON AND WIFE,
MARY D. WILSON; AND CARL E.
YOUNGBLOOD AND WIFE,
JENNIFER M. YOUNGBLOOD

                                  V.

CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,                           APPELLEES
LLC AND CHESAPEAKE ENERGY
CORPORATION

                              ------------

       FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                              ------------

                       NO. 02-11-00386-CV

DAVID D. DEES AND WIFE,                          APPELLANTS
SARAH M. DEES, JOHN ROBERT
GRANT AND WIFE, BRENDA J.
GRANT, ROBBIE GRIGGS, JR.
AND WIFE JANICE T. GRIGGS,
AND THOMAS CHARLES

                                   5
HASENBECK AND WIFE MARY
JOHNSON HASENBECK

                                 V.

CHESAPEAKE ENERGY                                 APPELLEES
CORPORATION AND
CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,
LLC

                             ------------

       FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                             ------------

                        NO. 02-11-00387-CV

JOHN C. BRIGHT AND WIFE                          APPELLANTS
HEATHER M. BRIGHT; LANDON G.
COX, JR. AND WIFE, PATRICIA M.
COX; MERAL O. CRAWFORD;
FREDERICK EARL DAVIS AND
WIFE, ELLEN J. DAVIS

                                 V.

CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,                           APPELLEES
LLC AND CHESAPEAKE ENERGY
CORPORATION

                             ------------

       FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                             ------------

                        NO. 02-11-00388-CV

                                  6
RIC A. ALEXANDER AND WIFE,          APPELLANTS
JILL R. ALEXANDER, ELAINE
ANDERS, FRANK ANDREWS AND
WIFE, LYNDA L. ANDREWS,
MURIEL B. BROOKS AUTHER,
DALE C. BAKER AND WIFE, SHARI
D. BAKER, DANNY E. BRAWNER
AND WIFE, MARY ALICE
BRAWNER, MELISSA LOU
BROWN, SAM O. BRUCE, DAVID
E. BRYANT AND WIFE, JANET L.
BRYANT, JERRY ALLEN BURNS
AND WIFE, ELAYNE RENEE
BURNS, LIONEL H. CANTU AND
PAULA A. CANTU, DAVID NATHAN
CHERNOW AND WIFE, TANYA E.
CHERNOW, BRYAN B. CORNISH
AND WIFE, CHERYL A. CORNISH,
JOHN D. COSTA AND WIFE, JULIE
A. COSTA, TANYA HYNSON
CROCKETT, DWAYNE DANIEL
AND WIFE, SHAWNA DANIEL,
RICHARD B. DARMON, JR. AND
WIFE, CYNTHIA L. DARMON,
DANIEL G. DARWIN AND WIFE,
GAYLE E. DARWIN, SALAM H.
DAVID AND WIFE, WADDELL
DAVID, JAMES HENRY DONOVAN
AND WIFE, CAROL ANNETTE
DONOVAN, THOMAS J. DUCOTE
AND WIFE, MITZI T. DUCOTE,
DAVID GEORGE DUMAN AND
WIFE, ANDREA JANE DUMAN,
GAYLE T. EUBANKS, DOUGLAS
FORD AND WIFE, DELOIS FORD,
RICKY D. FREE AND WIFE,
SHARON D. FREE, CASEY L.
GLENDENNING AND WIFE,
SUSAN S. GLENDENNING,
MICHAEL C. HABBESTAD AND
WIFE, SHAWNETTE C.
HABBESTAD, MICHAEL HALL AND
WIFE, SADIE HALL, JOHN TODD

                                7
HAWKINS AND WIFE, SHANNON
K. HAWKINS, EDWIN C. HELLER
AND WIFE, DONNA L. HELLER,
MICHAEL EUWANE HELM,
RANDALL S. HENDRICKSEN AND
WIFE, LISA L. HENDRICKSEN,
BILLY JACK HINDS AND WIFE,
FAYE HINDS, JAMES R. HUNT, III
AND WIFE, DENISE S. HUNT,
RICKY HUTTO AND WIFE, DEBRA
HUTTO, JOHN H. JACOBSON AND
WIFE, MARY E. JACOBSON, TIM
JOHNS AND WIFE, BRENDA
JOHNS, PAUL MARCUS JONES
AND WIFE, CAROLYN MARY
JONES, AND THE LURA JONES
TRUST

                                 V.

CHESAPEAKE ENERGY                                 APPELLEES
CORPORATION AND
CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,
LLC

                             ------------

       FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                             ------------

                        NO. 02-11-00389-CV

PHILIP R. KASTNER AND WIFE,                      APPELLANTS
LAURA H. KASTNER; PATRICK
LANG; ARTHUR L. LAXSON AND
WIFE, SANDRA L. LAXSON; LEOLA
SHARONA LEWIS; TIMOTHY
LYNCH AND WIFE, RENETTE
LYNCH; STEVEN L. MADSEN AND
WIFE, LAURA E. MADSEN;

                                  8
CHARLES MARMOLEJO AND
WIFE, ROSA VELIA MARMOLEJO;
JASON R. MENDOZA; STEPHEN
MICHLER; MARVEL BROWN;
DAVID ALAN NIXON AND WIFE,
DEBORAH NIXON; JEFFREY RAY
OAKLEY AND WIFE, TARA ANN
OAKLEY; TIMOTHY J. O’REILLY
AND WIFE, MELISSA K. O’REILLY;
LARRY W. PERMANN AND WIFE,
GERTRUDE M. PERMANN;
WILLIAM DAVID PHILLIPS AND
WIFE, CYNTHIA M. PHILLIPS;
DAVID ALAN RAMSEY AND WIFE,
DEBRA LYNN RAMSEY; JAMES S.
ROLLER, JR. AND WIFE, ROBIN L.
ROLLER; FOUAD SAADE AND
WIFE, SANDRES GHANTOUS;
RAJA SAADE AND WIFE, GUITTA
SAADE; NOUHAD SAADE; RANDY
SEYLER; JOHN EDWARD SHAW
AND WIFE, MELISSA WHORTON
SHAW; MICHAEL P. SHERMAN
AND WIFE, MELISSA D.
SHERMAN; MARK A. SMITH AND
WIFE, ELLA L. SMITH; JERRY
WAYNE SMITH AND WIFE,
CATHERINE HOUSE SMITH;
WILLIAM J. STONE AND WIFE,
ALICE B. STONE; ARLY SURPRIS
AND WIFE, PASCALE BARLATIER-
SURPIS; STEVEN R. TATE AND
WIFE, DEONNAH S. TATE;
RONALD C. TAYLOR AND WIFE,
TERRI S. TAYLOR; RONALD L.
TOVSEN AND WIFE, MARTHA J.
TOVSEN; RICK TOWNZEN AND
WIFE, LEE ANNE TOWNZEN;
RICKY L. TRUITT AND WIFE,
CYNTHIA A. TRUITT; MICHAEL R.
UNDERHILL AND WIFE, VICKY L.
UNDERHILL; KEN L. VAUGHAN
AND WIFE, PHYLLIS A. VAUGHAN;

                                 9
ROBERT J. WALKER AND WIFE,
KERRY E. WALKER; ALEX D.
WAYNE AND WIFE, KAREN L.
WAYNE; RICHARD A. WEBER AND
WIFE, DENISE A. WEBER; MARC
D. WHITE AND WIFE, REIGH E.
WHITE; ARTHUR W. WIKOFF AND
WIFE, GLORIA A. WIKOFF; AND
BRIAN J. WRIGHT

                                 V.

CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,                           APPELLEES
LLC AND CHESAPEAKE ENERGY
CORPORATION

                             ------------

       FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                             ------------

                        NO. 02-11-00390-CV

SAMUEL V. ALLEN, JR. AND WIFE,                   APPELLANTS
CIGNORAY M. ALLEN, JEFFERY L.
BRANDON AND WIFE, BRENDA T.
BRANDON, BRYAN THOMAS
HILGARDNER AND WIFE,
THERESA SUE HILGARDNER,
JOSE E. RAMOS, SR. AND WIFE,
BETTY J. RAMOS, JAMES M.
WILSON AND WIFE, TANYA L.
WILSON, AND CURTIS EUGENE
WOOD

                                 V.

                                 10
CHESAPEAKE ENERGY                                                   APPELLEES
CORPORATION AND
CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION,
LLC

                                    ------------

          FROM THE 67TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

                                    ------------

                        MEMORANDUM OPINION2
                                    ------------

      Appellants are owners of property in the Deer Creek Estates addition to

the City of Crowley, Texas who possessed unleased mineral interests in their

property. In 2007 or early 2008, to facilitate the negotiation of natural gas and

mineral leases en masse for Deer Creek Estates residents, a Deer Creek Estates

Residents Oil & Gas Lease Committee (the Committee) was formed. Appellants

argue that eventually, a contract was negotiated between the Committee and

Appellees Chesapeake Energy Corporation and Chesapeake Exploration, LLC

(collectively, Chesapeake).   Appellants claim that two documents form the

contract between the Committee and Chesapeake:                the Supplemental

Agreement Regarding Gas Lease3 and the “form lease.”4 Appellants concede

      2
       See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
      3
     The Supplemental Agreement Regarding Gas Lease is a six-paragraph
document signed by Chesapeake and by Matthew B. Platts as “committee
member” for the Committee.

                                        11
that the Committee had no authority to bind any Appellant to the terms of the

form lease; the form lease acknowledges that no Appellant is required to sign the

form lease and provides that each Appellant has the right to negotiate his or her

own lease terms. No Appellant signed a lease with Chesapeake. Based on the

downturn in the economy, Chesapeake decided to not go forward with leasing

minerals in the Deer Creek Estates neighborhood.

      Appellants sued. Appellants’ suit claimed that Chesapeake breached the

contract5 that purportedly existed between the Committee and Chesapeake by

not offering to each Appellant a mineral lease containing the form lease terms––a

$27,000 per net mineral acre signing bonus, a 25.25% royalty, a three-year term

with no renewal option, and the signing bonus to be paid by a thirty-day bank

draft delivered at the time of signing.         In their suit, Appellants sought

Chesapeake’s specific performance of the unexecuted form leases for each

Appellant.

      Concerning their breach of contract claims, Appellants acknowledge that

they did not execute the Supplemental Agreement Regarding Gas Lease or

      4
        The “form lease” is a template; it contains blanks for the date of execution,
for the name of the Lessor, for the address of the property, for the gross acreage,
and for the signatures of the parties.
      5
        Appellants asserted other causes of action against Chesapeake as well,
and the trial court granted summary judgment for Chesapeake on all of
Appellants’ claims. On appeal, Appellants challenge only the summary judgment
granted on their breach of contract claims; thus we need not, and do not, address
the trial court’s summary judgments on Appellants’ other claims.

                                         12
execute any form lease.      Appellants nonetheless claim that they possess

standing to sue Chesapeake for breach of contract because they are intended

third-party beneficiaries of the purported contract between the Committee and

Chesapeake. The trial court granted Chesapeake’s no-evidence and traditional

motions for summary judgment against all Appellants. One of the grounds on

which the trial court granted summary judgment for Chesapeake on Appellants’

breach of contract claims was that no summary judgment evidence existed that

Appellants are third-party beneficiaries of any agreement between the Committee

and Chesapeake.

      Appellants raise six issues in their appeal challenging the summary

judgment granted for Chesapeake on their breach of contract claims.           For

purposes of our opinion, we assume that the Supplemental Agreement

Regarding Gas Lease and the form lease together constitute a contract between

the Committee and Chesapeake. We therefore need not address Appellants’

first and second issues, including the six subissues set forth in Appellants’

second issue, arguing the existence of the contract. See Tex. R. App. 47.1

(requiring appellate court to address only issues necessary to the disposition of

the appeal).   Additionally, for purposes of our opinion, we will consider the

affidavits of Appellants’ expert registered professional land surveyors, so we

need not address Appellants’ third issue claiming that the trial court erred by

sustaining objections to these experts’ affidavits. Because we ultimately hold, as

set forth below, that Appellants lack standing to assert breach of contract claims

                                       13
against Chesapeake, we also need not address their fifth and sixth issues

concerning the statute of frauds. See, e.g., State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. S.S.,

858 S.W.2d 374, 380 (Tex. 1993) (recognizing that appellate court must affirm

summary judgment if any ground for summary judgment specifically found by the

trial court supports summary judgment).

      Our disposition of these appeals is controlled by Maddox v. Vantage

Energy LLC, No. 02-11-00210-CV, 2012 WL 407269 (Tex. App.––Fort Worth

Feb. 9, 2012, pet. filed).6 In Maddox, we held under very similar facts that,

although a nonprofit, unincorporated association named Southwest Fort Worth

Alliance, or SFWA, negotiated an agreement with Vantage Energy concerning a

template uniform oil and gas lease to be used by Vantage for any leases it

obtained in the SFWA neighborhoods, the purported contract between Vantage

and SFWA did not identify any third-party beneficiaries with sufficient specificity

to confer third-party-beneficiary status. 2012 WL 407269, at *3–4. We also held

that, even if the purported contract between Vantage and SFWA could be

construed   as   sufficiently   identifying    third-party   beneficiaries,   any   such

beneficiaries nonetheless failed to qualify as third-party beneficiaries because

they were neither creditor beneficiaries nor donee beneficiaries.             Id. at *5.

Consequently, in Maddox, we assumed the existence of a contract between

      6
      See also Eastern Express, LP v. XTO Energy, Inc., Nos. 02-10-00395-CV,
02-10-00396-CV, 02-10-00397-CV, 2012 WL 1059080, at *3 (Tex. App.––Fort
Worth Mar. 29, 2012, no pet. h.) (mem. op.) (applying Maddox to similar facts).

                                          14
SFWA and Vantage, held that the plaintiffs/appellants lacked third-party-

beneficiary status and accordingly lacked standing to assert a breach of any

SFWA/Vantage contract, and that plaintiffs/appellants’ breach-of-contract claims

should be dismissed.

      We assume for purposes of this opinion that a contract existed between

the Committee and Chesapeake.          Here, like in Maddox, Appellants are not

parties to and did not sign the purported contract between the Committee and

Chesapeake. Thus here, like in Maddox, Appellants may sue to enforce this

purported contract only if they are third-party beneficiaries of it. See id. at *3–4.

Here, like in Maddox, Appellants are not specifically named as third-party

beneficiaries in the purported contract they seek to enforce.               See id.

Appellants are not identified by address, nor is any map attached to the

purported contract that would identify Appellants by lot numbers or by addresses

in Deer Creek Estates.7 No summary judgment evidence exists identifying which

Deer Creek Estates property owners possessed unleased mineral interests;

counsel conceded during oral argument that around twenty Deer Creek Estate

property owners had leased their mineral interests. We pointed out in Maddox

that the property owners had not cited and we had not located any Texas case

“supporting the proposition that persons who in a contract are unnamed,

      7
      Although the Supplemental Agreement Regarding Gas Lease purports to
have a map attached to it, the parties concede that no map was attached when
the document was executed, and the summary judgment record contains no
such map attached to the Supplemental Agreement.

                                         15
unidentified by address or by property description, and are unidentifiable by

membership in a specifically defined, discrete, limited group can be intended by

the contracting parties to be beneficiaries of that contract.” Id. at *4.8 Thus, we

hold here, as we did in Maddox, that the purported contract between the

Committee and Chesapeake does not sufficiently identify Appellants to enable

them to attain third-party-beneficiary status.9 See Maddox, 2012 WL 407269, at

*4.

      To the extent that, by some stretch, the purported contract between the

Committee and Chesapeake could be construed as specifically identifying these

particular Appellants, the summary judgment evidence nonetheless conclusively

      8
        Appellants point to the case of Basic Capital Mgmt., Inc. v. Dynex
Commercial, Inc., 348 S.W.3d 894, 900–01 (Tex. 2011) as supporting this
proposition. The factual distinctions between Basic Capital and the present facts
are extensive. Perhaps most importantly, in Basic Capital, two real estate trusts
were held to be intended third-party beneficiaries of loan agreements when the
agreements provided that the lender would loan money to single asset,
bankruptcy remote borrowing entities (SABREs) created for the benefit and
protection of the lender and when the lender knew the SABREs were wholly
owned by the two real estate trusts. Id. Here, the Committee is not a wholly-
owned subsidiary of Appellants and in fact lacked the authority to even bind any
Appellant to the Supplemental Agreement Regarding Gas Lease or to any form
lease. In short, unlike in Basic Capital where the agreement to loan money to the
SABREs automatically benefited the owners of the SABREs––the two real estate
trusts, here, the purported agreement between the Committee and Chesapeake
does not automatically benefit Appellants; Appellants must determine their own
lease terms and assign their mineral rights to Chesapeake.
      9
        We have reviewed the affidavits of registered professional land surveyors
W. Thad Murley, III and Douglas L. Authur. Each affidavit states that the
surveyor can identify the boundaries of the individual residential lots within Deer
Creek Estates. Nothing in those affidavits or the exhibits to those affidavits adds
to the identifiability of Appellants in the alleged contract.

                                        16
establishes that Appellants are not donee beneficiaries of any contract between

the Committee and Chesapeake.10 Appellants’ position is that they are donee

beneficiaries because Chesapeake’s offer to lease their minerals as set forth in

the purported contract was a pure donation to them; Appellants’ counsel

explained during oral argument his theory that the offer itself, apart from any

acceptance by Appellants, “had value” and caused Appellants to attain donee

third-party-beneficiary status. But Appellants have cited no case law, and we

have located none, supporting the proposition that an offer, absent any

acceptance of the offer, has value. Moreover, recovery of the value of the offer

independent of any acceptance is not the relief Appellants seek; they seek

specific performance by Chesapeake of the unexecuted form lease containing

the provisions for a $27,000 per net mineral acre signing bonus, a 25.25%

royalty, a three-year term with no renewal option, and the signing bonus to be

paid by a thirty-day bank draft delivered at the time of signing. Thus, Appellants

are not as a matter of law donee beneficiaries because the performance

allegedly promised by Chesapeake that Appellants seek specific performance

of––the offer and execution of a lease in accordance with the terms of the form

lease––will, when rendered, not come as a pure donation but will be made in

      10
        Appellants’ brief makes no argument that Appellants are creditor
beneficiaries of the purported contract between the Committee and Chesapeake;
and during oral argument, Appellants’ counsel conceded that Appellants were not
creditor beneficiaries, so we need not address Appellants’ creditor beneficiary
status. Additionally, the affidavits of the two registered professional land
surveyors have no impact on our donee beneficiary analysis.

                                       17
exchange for the lease of Appellants’ mineral rights. See id. at *5.

      The summary judgment evidence conclusively establishes that Appellants

are not third-party beneficiaries of any contract between the Committee and

Chesapeake both because Appellants are not sufficiently identified to attain third-

party-beneficiary status and because Appellants are not donee beneficiaries of

any contract between the Committee and Chesapeake and do not claim to be

creditor beneficiaries.

      Having addressed Appellants’ fourth issue, the only issue necessary for

the disposition of this appeal in light of our assumption that a contract existed

between the Committee and Chesapeake and in light of our inclusion of

Appellants’ expert surveyors’ reports in our review of the summary judgment

evidence, we hold that Appellants lack standing to assert breach of contract

claims against Chesapeake. We render judgment dismissing Appellants’ breach

of contract claims against Chesapeake.

                                                   SUE WALKER
                                                   JUSTICE

PANEL: WALKER, MCCOY, and GABRIEL, JJ.

DELIVERED: May 10, 2012

                                        18