Court Opinion

ID: 4609613
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:45:06.173642+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:53:55.284671
License: Public Domain

HUGH H. MILLER, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.Miller v. CommissionerDocket No. 36075.United States Board of Tax Appeals25 B.T.A. 418; 1932 BTA LEXIS 1529; January 29, 1932, Promulgated *1529  The cancellation by a corporation, with the consent of its shareholders, of a debt from its president, who was its largest shareholder, created by withdrawals over a period of years, the corporation at the time of cancellation having substantial surplus and the debtor being solvent, is not a tax-free gift, but is taxable as a dividend.  M. manning Marcus, Esq., for the petitioner.  James K. Polk, Esq., for the respondent.  STERNHAGEN *418  OPINION.  STERNHAGEN: In 1923 the petitioner was the record owner of 90 per cent and George B. Samuel owned 10 per cent of the shares of Holland Laundry.  Petitioner was president and a director.  By virtue of some contract or arrangement with two others who had formerly been interested in the business and who were in some way perhaps still interested, the petitioner was in some way accountable to these persons.  From 1914 through 1922, petitioner had borrowed from the corporation sums which in 1923 aggregated $71,748.94.  The corporation was in some sort of difficulty and, at the suggestion of one who was willing to invest in some of its shares, this account was written off the books.  For it the petitioner*1530  turned in 250 of its preferred shares, having a par value of $12,500, which was accepted at that value, and $601.61 cash.  The remaining $58,647.33 was canceled and written off in accordance with the following resolution of the directors adopted at a meeting of July 25, 1923, at which both shareholders were present: Whereas Hugh H. Miller is indebted to the company to a large amount and Mr. Miller has turned over to the company in liquidation thereof all of his realizable assets, except common stock of this company and such indebtedness is deemed uncollectible, now therefore be it Resolved, that $58,647.33 of the account of Hugh H. Miller be charged off as an uncollectible debt, by crediting such account and debiting surplus as of June 30, 1923.  The petitioner omitted from the income shown on his tax return for 1923 any part of this $58,647.33.  The respondent, citing Reg. 69, art. 52, held the amount to be a dividend and, by subjecting it to surtax only, he determined a deficiency of $6,876.39.  Petitioner contends it was a gift, and was therefore excluded from gross income by virtue of section 213(b)(3), Revenue Act of 1921.  Both parties discuss the question whether the*1531  amount was collectible from petitioner.  That question is beside the point, for in either event, the question remains whether the cancellation was a gift or *419  income.  But the petitioner was not shown to be insolvent and continued to receive a substantial salary of from $10,000 to $18,000 per year.  He also retained his common shares, which appear to have continued to be worth at least par, and it could not, therefore, be found as a fact, as it was stated in the resolution, that the debt was uncollectible, or that it did not substantially improve petitioner's financial position.  Cf. . Whether the cancellation is income is determined not by what the charge-off was called (although no language by the corporation itself expressly denoted a gift), but by the evidence of the circumstances which disclose its character.  We think the evidence shows a distribution of surplus by a corporation to its principal shareholder, and this is a dividend as defined in the statute, section 201.  See *1532 ;  That there was surplus to support such a dividend appears from the balance sheets attached to the corporation's returns in evidence.  At the end of 1922 its assets were $343,220.12 and its liabilities, $203,514.05; preferred shares were $31,750 and common shares were $50,000, thus leaving surplus of $57,956.07.  During 1923 the corporation had net taxable income of $6,618.95, and at the end of 1923, after charging off the petitioner's balance, it had surplus of $4,415.88.  The lack of a quid pro quo does not amount to want of consideration.  The relation of corporation and shareholder, the existence of substantial surplus, and the acquiescence of all shares is enough to support the dividend.  There is no support in the evidence for petitioner's point that the debt was not in fact canceled.  Nor is there sufficient evidence to support the suggestion of an accountant that the amount was compensation for past services, so as to justify an increase in the deficiency.  Judgment will be entered for the respondent.