Court Opinion

ID: 4505848
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-02-07 21:00:28.491744+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:37:55.306746
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                             FEB 7 2020
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ERICH HEIDRICH; et al.,                          No. 18-16494

              Plaintiffs-Appellants,             D.C. No. 2:16-cv-02821-TLN-EFB

 v.

PENNYMAC FINANCIAL SERVICES,                     MEMORANDUM*
INC.; et al.,

              Defendants-Appellees.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of California
                     Troy L. Nunley, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted January 21, 2020
                            San Francisco, California

Before: W. FLETCHER and R. NELSON, Circuit Judges, and MOLLOY,**
District Judge.

      Former employees of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc., appeal the district

court’s order compelling arbitration of their claims under the Federal Fair Labor

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
              The Honorable Donald W. Molloy, United States District Judge for
the District of Montana, sitting by designation.
Standards Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 201 et seq., and dismissing the action. We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 9 U.S.C. § 16(a)(3). See Green Tree Fin.

Corp.-Ala. v. Randolph, 531 U.S. 79, 89 (2000); Interactive Flight Techs., Inc. v.

Swissair Swiss Air Transp. Co., 249 F.3d 1177, 1179 (9th Cir. 2001). We hold that

we are bound by a decision of the California Court of Appeal holding that

PennyMac’s arbitration agreement is unenforceable in its entirety, and we therefore

reverse.1

      The district court compelled arbitration of the employees’ FLSA claims,

declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over their state-law claims,

dismissed all claims before it, and entered judgment. The district court reasoned

that the employees’ FLSA claims were arbitrable under Epic Systems Corp. v.

Lewis, 138 S. Ct. 1612 (2018), but it did not consider the employees’ alternative

argument that PennyMac’s arbitration agreement was unenforceable because it

contained an unlawful waiver of representative claims under the California Private

Attorneys General Act, Cal. Lab. Code §§ 2698 et seq., and that the waiver was

inseverable from the remainder of the arbitration agreement. After the district

court rendered its decision, the California Court of Appeal held in Smigelski v.

      1
       PennyMac’s motion for an order that the excerpts of record be
supplemented (Dkt. 41) is DENIED as moot.
                                          2
PennyMac Financial Services, Inc., No. C081958, 2018 WL 6629406, at *12 (Cal.

Ct. App. Dec. 19, 2018) (unpublished), reh’g denied (Jan. 9, 2019), review denied,

S253796 (Cal. Apr. 10, 2019), cert. denied, 140 S. Ct. 223 (2019), that

PennyMac’s arbitration agreement contains an unlawful and inseverable PAGA

waiver and that therefore “PennyMac cannot compel arbitration of any of

Smigelski’s causes of action, including causes of action that would otherwise be

arbitrable.”

      The Full Faith and Credit Clause and its implementing statute require that

federal courts “give to a state-court judgment the same preclusive effect as would

be given that judgment under the law of the State in which the judgment was

rendered.” Migra v. Warren City Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ., 465 U.S. 75, 81 (1984);

Rodriguez v. City of San Jose, 930 F.3d 1123, 1130 (9th Cir. 2019); see also U.S.

Const. art. IV, § 1; 28 U.S.C. § 1738. Under California law, issue preclusion

applies against a party to a prior proceeding in which the issue to be precluded was

actually litigated and necessarily decided in a final decision on the merits unless

the application of issue preclusion would be inconsistent with public policy. See

White v. City of Pasadena, 671 F.3d 918, 927 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing Lucido v.

Superior Court, 795 P.2d 1223, 1225–27 (Cal. 1990)).

                                           3
      The requirements of issue preclusion under California law are met here.

PennyMac was a party to the prior proceeding; identical arbitration agreements

were at issue; the parties vigorously litigated whether the agreements contained

unenforceable PAGA waivers and whether those waivers were severable; the Court

of Appeal expressly decided those issues; and its decision is final on appeal.

      PennyMac argues that the issues here differ from those decided in Smigelski

because the employees here assert claims under federal law. We disagree. The

Court of Appeal in Smigelski held that the severability provisions of PennyMac’s

arbitration agreement prohibited severance of provisions found to violate state law.

See 2018 WL 6629406, at *11. For that reason, the court held that the agreements

were unenforceable in their entirety, not only as to PAGA claims or to claims

under state law. See id. at *12. That PennyMac disagrees with the Court of

Appeal’s application of federal law is not a valid basis for refusing that decision

full faith and credit as required by § 1738. See Allen v. McCurry, 449 U.S. 90,

95–96 (1980).

      The district court declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the

employees’ state-law claims for the sole reason that it had dismissed all federal

claims before it. Because we reverse the district court’s order dismissing the

employees’ federal claims, we also reverse as to their state-law claims.

      REVERSED.

                                           4