Court Opinion

ID: 9964884
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-05-01 06:10:59.747178+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:25:45.736650
License: Public Domain

AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed April 23, 2024

                                   S   In the
                            Court of Appeals
                     Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                               No. 05-23-00844-CV

                      MATTHEW PETROSKI, Appellant
                                  V.
                       KRISTIN RUTH ASH, Appellee

                On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 1
                           Rockwall County, Texas
                      Trial Court Cause No. 1-23-0674

                        MEMORANDUM OPINION
                   Before Justices Reichek, Carlyle, and Miskel
                            Opinion by Justice Carlyle
      Matthew Petroski appeals from a summary judgment granted in favor of

Kristin Ruth Ash. We affirm in this memorandum opinion. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.

      Mr. Petroski and Ms. Ash married in January 2020. Ms. Ash filed for divorce

later that year, after which Mr. Petroski signed a promissory note agreeing to pay

Ms. Ash certain sums of money as part of a partition agreement. The trial court

ultimately entered an agreed divorce decree that incorporated the partition agreement

and, in its division of property, provided both that the note was a debt owed by Mr.

Petroski and that the proceeds of the note were property awarded to Ms. Ash.
      Mr. Petroski defaulted on the note, and when Ms. Ash sued to collect on it,

Mr. Petroski filed bankruptcy. As part of the bankruptcy proceedings, Mr. Petroski

alleged for the first time that the partition agreement and note were invalid because

he executed them under duress. The bankruptcy court advised Mr. Petroski that he

would have to adjudicate his challenge to the partition agreement’s validity in state

court, so Mr. Petroski filed this suit seeking a declaratory judgment invalidating the

agreement. The trial court granted summary judgment in Ms. Ash’s favor, and Mr.

Petroski filed this appeal.

      Meanwhile, Ms. Ash’s suit to collect on the note proceeded. The trial court in

that case entered a summary judgment in Ms. Ash’s favor. And based on that

judgment, Ms. Ash filed a supplemental brief in this Court contending that Mr.

Petroski’s appeal is now moot. Because mootness implicates our subject matter

jurisdiction, we must address that issue first.

      Ms. Ash contends that, because another court has now issued a final judgment

resolving the issue of whether the debt is enforceable, Mr. Petroski may no longer

challenge the debt’s validity. Consequently, she argues, there is no longer a live

controversy between the parties, and Mr. Petroski’s appeal is now moot. Ms. Ash

conflates mootness with preclusion.

      The fact that Mr. Petroski’s suit may now be subject to preclusion is a matter

of res judicata, not mootness. See Hassell Constr. Co. Inc. v. Springwoods Realty

Co., No. 01-17-00822-CV, 2023 WL 2377488, at *12 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st

                                          –2–
Dist.] Mar. 7, 2023, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (noting that res judicata is an affirmative

defense and does not render an appeal moot or otherwise affect subject matter

jurisdiction). Res judicata is an affirmative defense that does not deprive a court of

subject matter jurisdiction to determine any potentially precluded issues. See id.; 18

C. Wright, A. Miller, E. Cooper, Federal Practice and Procedure, § 4402 (3d ed.

2016) (in modern use, “res judicata” includes two doctrines formerly and

“confusing[ly]” separated into res judicata, or claim preclusion, and collateral

estoppel, or issue preclusion); see also Lucky Brand Dungarees, Inc. v. Marcel

Fashions Group, Inc., 590 U.S. 405, 411–12 (2020) (citing § 4402 and discussing

the move to using res judicata to encompass both types of preclusion).

      We turn to the merits of Mr. Petroski’s appeal. Mr. Petroski contends the trial

court erred by granting summary judgment because the divorce decree does not

provide a basis for res judicata and because fact issues exist as to whether he

executed the partition agreement under duress. But Ms. Ash’s motion for summary

judgment also argued that the trial court lacked authority to issue a declaratory

judgment invalidating the debt Mr. Petroski owes to her because doing so would

impermissibly alter the terms of the divorce decree’s property settlement. See TEX.

FAM. CODE § 9.007. Mr. Petroski does not address that argument on appeal.

      When, as in this case, “a trial court’s order granting summary judgment does

not specify the grounds on which its order is based, the appealing party must negate

each ground upon which the judgment could have been based.” Rosetta Res.

                                          –3–
Operating, LP v. Martin, 645 S.W.3d 212, 226 (Tex. 2022). Here, the trial court could

have determined that it lacked authority to issue a declaratory judgment that would

effectively modify the terms of the divorce decree’s property division, regardless of

whether res judicata applied. See TEX. FAM. CODE § 9.007. Because Mr. Petroski

failed to address this independent ground, we affirm the trial court’s summary

judgment. See Rosetta Res. Operating, LP, 645 S.W.3d at 228.

230844F.P05                                /Cory L. Carlyle/
                                           CORY L. CARLYLE
                                           JUSTICE

                                        –4–
                                    S
                            Court of Appeals
                     Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                   JUDGMENT

MATTHEW PETROSKI, Appellant                    On Appeal from the County Court at
                                               Law No. 1, Rockwall County, Texas
No. 05-23-00844-CV           V.                Trial Court Cause No. 1-23-0674.
                                               Opinion delivered by Justice Carlyle.
KRISTIN RUTH ASH, Appellee                     Justices Reichek and Miskel
                                               participating.

       In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial
court is AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that appellee KRISTIN RUTH ASH recover her costs of
this appeal from appellant MATTHEW PETROSKI.

Judgment entered this 23rd day of April, 2024.

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