Court Opinion

ID: 4276233
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-05-17 20:00:31.636047+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:33:54.477627
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAY 17 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No.    16-30239

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                3:13-po-00211-EJL-1
 v.

ROBERT WESLEY WARDEN,                           MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant-Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Idaho
                    Edward J. Lodge, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 9, 2018**
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: GOULD and IKUTA, Circuit Judges, and TUNHEIM,*** Chief District
Judge.

      Robert Warden, an enrolled member of the Nez Perce Indian Tribe (the

“Tribe”), appeals his convictions for assault. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
              The Honorable John R. Tunheim, Chief United States District Judge
for the District of Minnesota, sitting by designation.
§ 1291, and we affirm.

      1.     Warden argues that the magistrate judge lacked jurisdiction under

18 U.S.C. § 1152. “Crimes [committed in Indian country] in which the

perpetrator, but not the victim, is Indian are subject to . . . federal jurisdiction under

§ 1152 . . . except where the tribe has already imposed punishment.” United States

v. Bruce, 394 F.3d 1215, 1221 (9th Cir. 2005). Neither Kamiah Deputy Marshal

Matt Taylor nor the Nez Perce Tribal Officers whom Warden assaulted are

members of the Tribe. And Warden has presented no evidence that he was

punished because he was detained by the Tribe pending trial, when the Tribe

ultimately decided to dismiss the charges against Warden and release him. See

United States v. Strong, 778 F.2d 1393, 1396 (9th Cir. 1985); see also Bell v.

Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 537 (1979) (“Not every disability imposed during pretrial

detention amounts to ‘punishment’” and “the fact that such detention interferes

with the detainee’s understandable desire to live as comfortably as possible and

with as little restraint as possible during confinement does not convert the

conditions or restrictions of detention into ‘punishment.’”). The magistrate judge

had jurisdiction under § 1152.

      2.     We disagree with Warden that he was resisting an unlawful arrest

when he assaulted Deputy Taylor. Deputy Taylor was not attempting to arrest

Warden, and instead the physical altercation between the two came about only

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because Deputy Taylor was attempting to protect Pennie Moffett and her

daughters. Deputy Taylor was entitled to act to protect Moffett, who was the wife

whom Warden had allegedly battered earlier that night, from the present threat of

danger Warden posed. See United States v. Lemon, 824 F.2d 763, 765 (9th Cir.

1987). We conclude that the magistrate judge correctly held that Warden’s

conduct in attempting to bite Deputy Taylor was not part of resisting an unlawful

arrest.

          AFFIRMED.

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