Court Opinion

ID: 9373207
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-22 16:03:26.005634+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:40.906814
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     LIRIO B. SANCHEZ-ALICEA,                        DOCKET NUMBER
                   Appellant,                        NY-0752-14-0197-I-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS                          DATE: November 18, 2022
       AFFAIRS,
                 Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Ruy V. Diaz, San Juan, Puerto Rico, for the appellant.

           Ana M. Margarida, San Juan, Puerto Rico, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                               Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                Raymond A. Limon, Member
                                 Tristan L. Leavitt, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     dismissed her constructive suspension appeal for lack of jurisdiction. Generally,
     we grant petitions such as this one only in the following circumstances:           the
     initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                       2

     based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous
     application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative judge’s rulings
     during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent
     with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting
     error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material evidence or legal
     argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not
     available when the record closed. Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations,
     section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this
     appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not established any basis under
     section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review. Therefore, we DENY the
     petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision, which is now the Board’s
     final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

                                     BACKGROUND
¶2        The appellant, a Program Support Assistant for the Medical Media Service
     of the agency’s Caribbean Healthcare System in San Juan, Puerto Rico, alleged
     that she suffered a September 2013 injury at work. Initial Appeal File (IAF),
     Tab 1, Tab 9 at 2.    She subsequently sought medical treatment, filed a claim
     regarding her injury with the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs
     (OWCP), and underwent surgery to repair rotator cuff injuries. IAF, Tab 9 at 2,
     Tab 5 at 59-62. OWCP denied the appellant’s injury claim. IAF, Tab 5 at 34.
     She remained on approved leave until she reported for work on February 3, 2014,
     requesting work within her restrictions as set forth by her physician on an OWCP
     Form CA-17, Duty Status Report. IAF, Tab 5 at 32-33, Tab 9 at 2-3, Tab 11 at 5.
¶3        Based on her physician’s January 8, 2014 examination, t he Form CA-17
     described limitations in the appellant’s range of motion and recommended that
     she work part-time, restricting her sitting, standing, walking, climbing, kneeling,
     bending/stooping, and twisting to a maximum of 6 hours per day, and limiting any
     simple grasping or fine manipulation to 3 hours per day. IAF, Tab 5 at 32. The
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     appellant’s supervisor, in consultation with agency specialists, declined to accept
     the CA-17 Form as sufficient for the appellant to return to duty because OWCP
     had denied her claim and the form, which was almost a month old, was not
     current and lacked sufficient information to make the proper determination.
     August 11, 2014 Hearing Transcript 1 (HT1) at 45-49, 53-64 (testimony of the
     appellant’s supervisor).    The supervisor directed the appellant to see the
     individuals responsible for reasonable accommodation, and one of those
     individuals advised the appellant to fill out a Family and Medical Leave Act
     (FMLA) certification form to provide specific information regarding her
     restrictions. IAF, Tab 9 at 12, 20.
¶4         The appellant submitted the FMLA certification form on February 12 , 2014.
     IAF, Tab 5 at 21-24. Because her physician indicated on the certification form
     that the appellant could not perform some of her job functions, id. at 23, her
     supervisor referred her to the local reasonable accommodation coordinator,
     HT1 at 74-76 (testimony of the appellant’s supervisor). The appellant scheduled
     a February 14, 2014 meeting with the coordinator, but she did not show up for the
     appointment or seek to reschedule it. September 11, 2014 Hearing Transcript 2
     at 265-66 (testimony of the reasonable accommodation coordinator), 305-08
     (testimony of the appellant).    Instead, less than 2 weeks later, she filed this
     appeal. IAF, Tab 1.
¶5         The administrative judge found that the appellant made nonfrivolous
     allegations of jurisdiction over an alleged constructive suspension, and held a
     jurisdictional hearing. IAF, Tab 13. After holding that hearing, she issued an
     initial decision that dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction, finding that the
     appellant failed to establish that the agency’s denial of her reasonable
     accommodation request, or the retaliation she alleged, caused her absence. IAF,
     Tab 40, Initial Decision (ID) at 16-23. The administrative judge found that the
     agency’s failure to allow the appellant light duty on February 3 or February 12,
     2014, was not wrongful because “the agency wanted to ensure she was cleared to
                                                                                      4

     perform work within her limitations.” ID at 21. Thus, she determined that the
     appellant’s absence was due to the limitations placed on her by her medical
     provider, not by any wrongful agency actions, and there was no evidence to
     indicate that the agency had duties at the appellant’s grade or skill level within
     her medical restrictions. ID at 21-22. Although the administrative judge noted
     that the interactive process regarding reasonable accommodation was somewhat
     limited in this instance, she found that the process was truncated because of the
     appellant’s failure to attend a meeting with the reasonable accommodation
     coordinator, and not because of any agency wrongdoing. ID at 21-23.
¶6        In her petition for review, the appellant argues that the administrative judge
     erred in her assessment of the evidence, failed to consider all the facts, and
     incorrectly applied the law. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1 at 2-3, 11-17.
     She challenges the administrative judge’s finding that the agency was not
     obligated to offer her light-duty work, and reiterates her argument that the agency
     committed harmful error when it failed to follow its own procedures regarding her
     request for reasonable accommodation, insisting that the agency would have
     reached a different result had it done so.    Id. at 11-17.   The agency has not
     responded to the petition for review.

                     DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶7        Although various fact patterns may give rise to an appealable constructive
     removal or suspension, all such claims are premised on the proposition that an
     absence that appears to be voluntary actually is not. Thomas v. Department of the
     Navy, 123 M.S.P.R. 628, ¶ 12 (2016); Rosario-Fabregas v. Department of the
     Army, 122 M.S.P.R. 468, ¶ 8 (2015), aff’d, 833 F.3d 1342 (Fed. Cir. 2016). To
     demonstrate that an absence from work was not voluntary, and is instead an
     actionable constructive suspension, an appellant must show that: (1) she lacked a
     meaningful choice in the matter; and (2) it was the agency’s wrongful actions that
     deprived her of that choice. E.g., Romero v. U.S. Postal Service, 121 M.S.P.R.
                                                                                         5

     606, ¶ 8 (2014).    Assuming that the jurisdictional requirements of 5 U.S.C.
     chapter 75 are otherwise met, proof of these two things is sufficient to establis h
     Board   jurisdiction.    Rosario-Fabregas,    122 M.S.P.R.    468,   ¶ 8;   Romero,
     121 M.S.P.R. 606, ¶¶ 8-9.     Our reviewing court has endorsed this approach.
     Rosario-Fabregas, 833 F.3d at 1346-47.
¶8        The record reflects that the appellant lacked a meaningful choice with
     regard to her absence, satisfying the first prong of the analysis. See e.g., Romero,
     121 M.S.P.R. 606, ¶ 9 (finding that once an employee is released to work with
     medical restrictions, an agency’s decision not to return that employee to work
     deprives the employee of a meaningful choice in the matter); Bean v. U.S. Postal
     Service, 120 M.S.P.R. 397, ¶ 8 (2013).     The FMLA certification form that the
     appellant submitted released her to work with restrictions, and the agency did not
     return her. IAF, Tab 5 at 21-24. Nevertheless, we agree with the administrative
     judge that the appellant failed to establish the second prong of the analysis, i.e.,
     that any wrongful action by the agency deprived her of that choice. ID at 22 -23.
¶9        The key to the second prong of this analysis is whether the agency acted
     improperly in refusing to allow the appellant to return to work.            Romero,
     121 M.S.P.R. 606, ¶ 8; Bean, 120 M.S.P.R. 397, ¶ 13. The administrative judge
     found that despite the limited interactive process provided by the agency, the
     appellant’s failure to appear for her scheduled meeting with the accommodation
     coordinator cut the interactive process short and precluded the exploration of any
     possible accommodation. ID at 21-22. The appellant argues on review that her
     failure to participate in the interactive process is not equivalent to a voluntary
     decision not to come to work.      PFR File, Tab 1 at 12.      We agree with the
     administrative judge that the appellant’s failure to engage in the interactive
     process was ultimately the cause of her absence and not any improper agency
     action. See Rosario-Fabregas, 122 M.S.P.R. 468, ¶¶ 18-19. The appellant bears
     the burden of proving that an accommodation she seeks is reasonable. Clemens v.
     Department of the Army, 120 M.S.P.R. 616, ¶ 17 (2014). The appellant’s refusal
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      to meet with the reasonable accommodation coordinator was obstructive, not
      interactive. Both parties, including the appellant, are expected to engage in this
      interactive process in good faith. See, e.g., Rehling v. City of Chicago, 207 F.3d
      1009, 1015-16 (7th Cir. 2000); see also Simpson v. U.S. Postal Service,
      113 M.S.P.R. 346, ¶ 18 (2010) (finding that the appellant did not prove the denial
      of reasonable accommodation when he was unresponsive to the agency’s good
      faith attempts to engage in the interactive process); 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(o)(3) (to
      determine the appropriate reasonable accommodation, an agency may need to
      “initiate an informal, interactive process with the individual with a disability in
      need of the accommodation”) (emphasis added). Thus, even assuming that the
      appellant is a qualified individual with a disability, her refusal to engage in the
      interactive process prevented the agency from identifying a reasonable
      accommodation. Id.; see Miller v. Department of the Army, 121 M.S.P.R. 189,
      ¶¶ 19-21 (2014) (finding an appellant frustrated the agency’s reasonable
      accommodation efforts).
¶10         We also agree with the administrative judge that the section of the
      appellant’s collective bargaining agreement (CBA) requiring the agency to make
      serious efforts to assign an employee to temporary light-duty work did not apply
      in the appellant’s circumstances because OWCP denied her claim. ID at 10-13;
      IAF, Tab 12 at 23-28. On review, the appellant contends that the CBA section
      does not require that an OWCP claim be approved before the agency may
      determine if a temporary accommodation can be made. PFR File, Tab 1 at 14.
      This argument conflates the agency’s obligation to provide light duty with the
      interactive process designed to determine a reasonable accommodation.             The
      record reflects that the agency did not condition its participation in the interactive
      process on the success of the appellant’s OWCP claim, but instead, that the
      agency referred the appellant to the reasonable accommodation co ordinator after
      OWCP denied her claim.       ID at 11-12.    The agency’s action was appropriate
      under the circumstances. Moreover, in light of the appellant’s failure to keep or
                                                                                          7

      reschedule her appointment with the reasonable accommodation coordinator , the
      agency did not act improperly in failing to provide her light duty.               See
      Rosario-Fabregas, 122 M.S.P.R. 468, ¶¶ 18-19 (considering the appellant’s
      failure to engage in the interactive process, the agency did not act improperly in
      refusing to place the appellant back in a duty status).
¶11         Next, the appellant claims that the agency failed to follow its procedures
      and   issue   a    written   acknowledgment     of   her   request   for   reasonable
      accommodation, and reiterates her contention that this was harmful error. PFR
      File, Tab 1 at 4-5.     Harmful error under 5 U.S.C. § 7701(c)(2)(A) cannot be
      presumed; an agency error is harmful only if the record shows that the procedural
      error was likely to have caused the agency to reach a conclusion different from
      the one it would have reached in the absence or cure of the error.         Stephen v.
      Department of the Air Force, 47 M.S.P.R. 672, 681, 685 (1991). Nothing in the
      record indicates that the appellant would have shown up for her February 14,
      2014 appointment with the reasonable accommodation coordinator, or that she
      would have attempted to reschedule the appointment, if the agency had issued the
      written acknowledgment. Thus, we find that the appellant has failed to show that
      the agency would have provided her with light duty in the absence of the
      purported error.
¶12         Lastly, regarding the appellant’s contention that the administrative judge
      did not consider all the facts, her failure to mention all of the evidence of record
      does not mean that she did not consider the entirety of the record in reaching her
      decision. Marques v. Department of Health & Human Services , 22 M.S.P.R. 129,
      132 (1984), aff’d, 776 F.2d 1062 (Fed. Cir. 1985) (Table).            Moreover, the
      administrative judge addressed some of the issues that the appellant claims on
      review are missing from the analysis. For example, the appellant asserts that the
      administrative judge failed to address her allegations of retaliation, PFR File,
      Tab 1 at 10, but the initial decision indicates otherwise; the administrative judge
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      analyzed and then rejected the appellant’s assertions of retaliation based on the
      testimony before her, ID at 22-23.
¶13         For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the initial decision, which dismissed
      this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

                               NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 2
            You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By
      statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such
      review and the appropriate forum with which to file.              5 U.S.C. § 7703(b).
      Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit
      Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most
      appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a
      statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their
      jurisdiction.   If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should
      immediately review the law applicable to your claims and carefully follow all
      filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file within the applicable time
      limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum.
            Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review
      below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions
      about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
      should contact that forum for more information.

            (1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking
      judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with t he U.S.
      Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
      within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.              5 U.S.C.
      § 7703(b)(1)(A).

      2
        Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
      the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
      Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                        9

      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit   your   petition    to   the   court   at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or    EEOC    review    of   cases      involving    a   claim    of
discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court ( not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.      5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. ____ , 137 S. Ct. 1975 (2017).                If you have a
representative in this case, and your representative receives this decision before
you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar days
after your representative receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of
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discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling
condition, you may be entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and
to waiver of any requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security. See
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. m ail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                  P.O. Box 77960
                             Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant   to   the   Whistleblower     Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
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other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in
section 2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or
2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial
review either with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court
of appeals of competent jurisdiction. 3 The court of appeals must receive your
petition for review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.
5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                               U.S. Court of Appeals
                               for the Federal Circuit
                              717 Madison Place, N.W.
                              Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The

3
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115 -195,
132 Stat. 1510.
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Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:                                    /s/ for
                                          Jennifer Everling
                                          Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.