Court Opinion

ID: 2659834
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-04-03 03:45:34.664853+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:58:24.217900
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                       FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
____________________________________
                                     )
BRET D. LANDRITH, et al.,            )
                                     )
                  Plaintiffs,        )
                                     )
      v.                             )  Civil Action No. 12-1916 (ABJ)
                                     )
JOHN G. ROBERTS, JR.,                )
                                     )
                  Defendant.         )
                                     )

                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION

       Plaintiffs Bret D. Landrith and Samuel K. Lipari, proceeding pro se, bring this action for

injunctive and declaratory relief against the Honorable John G. Roberts, Jr., Chief Justice of the

United States Supreme Court (“Chief Justice”) in his capacity as administrator of the Judicial

Conference of the United States (“Judicial Conference”).           Plaintiffs believe that their

constitutional rights have been violated in a multitude of ways, and that these violations are

ultimately attributable to, and redressable by, the Chief Justice and the Judicial Conference.

Plaintiffs have additionally filed a motion for leave to file a second amended complaint, a motion

for Rule 11 sanctions against defendant and his counsel, and two motions requesting an ECF

password. The Chief Justice filed a motion to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction and

failure to state a claim under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6) and opposes

plaintiffs’ motions to amend their complaint and for sanctions.

       Because the Court finds that plaintiffs lack standing as to Counts I and II of the first

amended complaint and that Count III is moot, the Court will grant the Chief Justice’s motion to

dismiss the case. The Court will also deny plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file a second amended
complaint on the basis of futility. The Court will deny plaintiffs’ motion for Rule 11 sanctions,

and will deny plaintiffs’ motion for an ECF password as moot.

                                          BACKGROUND

    I. Factual Background

        Plaintiff Landrith is a disbarred former attorney and plaintiff Lipari, a “medical supply

business owner,” is his former client. 1 See Am. Compl. [Dkt. # 11] ¶¶ 4, 7, 49. Plaintiffs are

frequent litigants in state and federal court, see, e.g., Attach. 1 to Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss [Dkt.

# 9-1] at 6–7 (detailing numerous lawsuits brought by Landrith), and contend they have been

mistreated and “repeatedly vilified” by federal judges, Am. Compl. ¶¶ 33–36. In this lawsuit,

they claim that the Chief Justice, in his capacity as the administrator of the Judicial Conference,

violated their rights under the First Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Constitution. 2

Id. at 2, 40, 48, 51. They seek prospective injunctive and declaratory relief to redress their

asserted injuries, id. at 43, 50, 52, which fall into four general categories.

        First, plaintiffs assert that they have been injured by federal judges in retribution for

bringing multiple lawsuits challenging the alleged monopolization of the medical supply

industry. Id. ¶¶ 35–36. They claim that federal judges have adopted a “widespread practice” of

dismissing their antitrust and RICO claims under Rule 12(b)(6) “with scurrilous attacks on the

plaintiff and his counsel.” Id. ¶ 28. According to plaintiffs, these “attacks” have “denied

[Lipari] the constitutional right to operate a business,” as well as “an unbiased forum” to pursue

1       Because plaintiffs proceed pro se, the Court “take[s] particular care to construe the
plaintiff[s’] filings liberally, for such complaints are held ‘to less stringent standards than formal
pleadings drafted by lawyers.’” Cheeks v. Fort Myers Constr. Co., 722 F. Supp. 2d 93, 107
(D.D.C. 2010), quoting Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520–21 (1972) (per curiam).

2    Plaintiffs presumably assert their claims under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth
Amendment, although they do not specify this in their amended complaint.

                                                   2
his claims, and resources for his medical supply business. Id. ¶¶ 10, 13, 32. Plaintiffs further

contend that federal judges have conspired to enforce a “Code of Silence” against them. See,

e.g., id. ¶ 7; Pls.’ Answer to Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss [Dkt. # 15] (“Pls.’ Answer”) at 3, 17. This

“Code” allegedly causes federal judges to tolerate misconduct by government attorneys and the

judiciary at the expense of plaintiffs’ rights, Am. Compl. ¶¶ 7, 12, and deprives plaintiffs of

meaningful appellate review, id. at 49.

        Second, plaintiffs assert that Landrith has been a victim of retaliation by state and federal

officials for his representation of racial minority clients in civil rights actions. Id. ¶¶ 44–45.

According to the amended complaint, Landrith’s disbarment by the Kansas Supreme Court – and

reciprocal disbarment by federal courts in Kansas and Missouri – was in retribution for bringing

these suits. Id. ¶¶ 4, 45. Plaintiffs also assert that Landrith’s name has been placed in “state and

national law enforcement databases,” including a secret “Do Not Work List” allegedly

maintained by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security pursuant to the “USA PATRIOT Act

II.” Id. ¶¶ 50–51. As a result, plaintiffs claim that Landrith has lost numerous job opportunities

and is “ineligible for even a part time worker [sic] at McDonalds’ [sic] franchise restaurants.”

Id. ¶ 51. Plaintiffs further allege that judicial retaliation under the “Code of Silence” prevented

an “intimate associate” of Landrith’s from admission to the Nebraska Bar, id. ¶ 52, and caused

both the cancellation of Landrith’s federal food stamp benefits, and a Kansas court’s alleged

threat to jail Landrith for failure to pay child support, id. at 45-46.

        Third, plaintiffs contend they have been injured by the misconduct of state and federal

officials, including the Chief Justice and his counsel in this case. See, e.g., id. ¶¶ 69, 85–86, 100.

They allege widespread judicial tolerance of “misrepresentations” of fact and law by state and

federal prosecutors. See, e.g., id. ¶¶ 65–69 (claiming that unnamed judges applied a heightened

                                                   3
standard for Rule 12(b)(6) to plaintiffs’ cases, and that the Kansas Attorney General, DOJ

attorneys, and the U.S. Attorney for the District of Kansas misrepresented key precedent during

litigation against plaintiffs). In addition, they claim that the Chief Justice and his counsel have

committed “abuse of process” and “the ethical misconduct of dishonesty toward the tribunal”

before this Court by declining to respond to plaintiffs’ offers of settlement, misstating aspects of

plaintiffs’ pleadings, making arguments with which plaintiffs disagree, and filing a motion to

dismiss.   Id. ¶¶ 74, 80, 89, 98–103, 105–08, 112–13.         Plaintiffs express the concern that

defendant has invited the Court to “commit fraud” on itself. Id. ¶ 98.

       Fourth, plaintiffs assert that they are the targets of surveillance and interference by the

FBI and DOJ, and that these intrusions have increased in retaliation for filing this lawsuit.3 Id.

¶¶ 31, 114–20. They claim that the “scurrilous attacks by federal judges” have led the FBI and

DOJ to investigate them as “dangers to large corporations or national security.” Id. ¶ 31.

Plaintiffs also contend that since they brought this lawsuit, the government has interfered with

their cell phone service, email accounts, and website. Id. ¶¶ 31, 81–82, 114–15, 117–18; see also

id. ¶ 120 (alleging the existence of a “secret part or unpublished part of USA PATRIOT Act”

that “address[es] citizens posting information about the courts on the Internet” and presumably

authorizes the claimed disruptions). They insist that these technological difficulties were a

“direct response to” this lawsuit. Id. ¶ 124.

       According to the amended complaint, all of these injuries are attributable to, and

redressable by, the Chief Justice in his capacity as the administrator of the Judicial Conference.

Plaintiffs assert that federal judges and government attorneys are “employees” of the Chief

3       Plaintiffs also allege that Lipari’s nephew has been subjected to surveillance and other
interferences because he was “identified in [Lipari’s] business plans as a candidate for executive
officer” of Lipari’s medical supply business. Am. Compl. ¶¶ 85–86.

                                                 4
Justice and compare the Chief Justice to a “Walmart [sic] store manager” who “permit[s] . . .

employees . . . to shoplift, embezzle, and injure its customers.” Id. ¶¶ 72–73, 125. Plaintiffs also

contend that Attorney General Eric Holder is the Chief Justice’s “agent” because he “report[s] to

the . . . Chief Justice . . . by statute.” 4 Id. ¶¶ 123–24. Therefore, they claim, the Chief Justice

may be held responsible for the alleged actions of the DOJ, as well.

   II. Procedural Background

       Plaintiffs filed their original complaint on November 26, 2012, Compl. [Dkt. # 1], and

defendant moved to dismiss on March 11, 2013, Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss [Dkt. # 9]. In response

to defendant’s motion, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on April 1, 2013. Am. Compl.

[Dkt. # 11]. The Court denied defendant’s initial motion to dismiss as moot on April 5, 2013,

Order [Dkt. # 12], and defendant moved to dismiss plaintiffs’ amended complaint on April 22,

2013, Def.’s Renewed & Supplemental Mot. to Dismiss [Dkt. # 14]. On May 23, 2013, plaintiffs

filed both a motion for leave to file a second amended complaint, Mot. for Leave to Amend

Compl. Under Rule 15 [Dkt. # 17] (“Mot. to Amend”), and a motion for sanctions against

defendant and his counsel, Pls.’ Rule 11 Mot. for Sanctions [Dkt. # 18] (“Pls.’ Mot. for

Sanctions”). In addition, on March 1, 2013, plaintiffs filed a motion requesting access to the

electronic filing system pursuant to LCvR 5.4. Pls.’ Mot. for CM/ECF Password [Dkt. # 5].

4       Although plaintiffs do not specify any particular statute, the Court presumes plaintiffs
refer to 28 U.S.C. § 331, which provides that “upon request of the Chief Justice,” the Attorney
General will “report to [the Judicial] Conference on matters relating to the business of the several
courts of the United States, with particular reference to cases to which the United States is a
party.” 28 U.S.C. § 331 (2012).

                                                 5
Plaintiffs renewed that motion on May 23, 2013. Pls.’ 2d Mot. for Leave to File Electronically

via CM/ECF and to Receive Passwords [Dkt. # 17-1]. 5

                                           ANALYSIS

    I. The Court Will Grant Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss

       A. Standard of Review

       In evaluating a motion to dismiss under either Rule 12(b)(1) or 12(b)(6), the Court must

“treat the complaint’s factual allegations as true and must grant plaintiff ‘the benefit of all

inferences that can be derived from the facts alleged.’” Sparrow v. United Air Lines, Inc., 216

F.3d 1111, 1113 (D.C. Cir. 2000), quoting Schuler v. United States, 617 F.2d 605, 608 (D.C. Cir.

1979) (citations omitted). Nevertheless, the Court need not accept inferences drawn by the

plaintiff if those inferences are unsupported by facts alleged in the complaint, nor must the Court

accept plaintiff’s legal conclusions. Browning v. Clinton, 292 F.3d 235, 242 (D.C. Cir. 2002).

           1. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction

       Under Rule 12(b)(1), the plaintiff bears the burden of establishing jurisdiction by a

preponderance of the evidence. See Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 561 (1992);

Shekoyan v. Sibley Int’l Corp., 217 F. Supp. 2d 59, 63 (D.D.C. 2002). Federal courts are courts

of limited jurisdiction and the law presumes that “a cause lies outside this limited jurisdiction.”

Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994); see also Gen. Motors

Corp. v. EPA, 363 F.3d 442, 448 (D.C. Cir. 2004) (“As a court of limited jurisdiction, we begin,

and end, with an examination of our jurisdiction.”). Because “subject-matter jurisdiction is ‘an

5      The docket reflects that plaintiffs also filed a motion requesting access to electronic filing
on March 7, 2013 [Dkt. # 7]. Since that motion is identical to the March 5, 2013 motion and
because plaintiffs styled their May 23 motion as a “Second Motion for Leave to File
Electronically,” the Court will treat the March 5 and March 7 motions as one.

                                                 6
Art[icle] III as well as a statutory requirement . . . no action of the parties can confer subject-

matter jurisdiction upon a federal court.’” Akinseye v. District of Columbia, 339 F.3d 970, 971

(D.C. Cir. 2003), quoting Ins. Corp. of Ir., Ltd. v. Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee, 456 U.S.

694, 702 (1982).

       When considering a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction, unlike when deciding a

motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), the court “is not limited to the allegations of the

complaint.” Hohri v. United States, 782 F.2d 227, 241 (D.C. Cir. 1986), vacated on other

grounds, 482 U.S. 64 (1987). Rather, a court “may consider such materials outside the pleadings

as it deems appropriate to resolve the question [of] whether it has jurisdiction to hear the case.”

Scolaro v. D.C. Bd. of Elections & Ethics, 104 F. Supp. 2d 18, 22 (D.D.C. 2000), citing Herbert

v. Nat’l Acad. of Scis., 974 F.2d 192, 197 (D.C. Cir. 1992); see also Jerome Stevens Pharm., Inc.

v. FDA, 402 F.3d 1249, 1253 (D.C. Cir. 2005).

           2. Failure to State a Claim

        “To survive a [Rule 12(b)(6)] motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient

factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Ashcroft v.

Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Bell Atl. Corp. v.

Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). A claim is facially plausible when the pleaded factual

content “allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the

misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. “The plausibility standard is not akin to a

‘probability requirement,’ but it asks for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted

unlawfully.” Id. “[W]here the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the

mere possibility of misconduct, the complaint has alleged – but it has not ‘show[n]’ – ‘that the

pleader is entitled to relief.’” Id. at 679 (second alteration in original), quoting Fed. R. Civ. P.

                                                   7
8(a)(2). A pleading must offer more than “labels and conclusions” or a “formulaic recitation of

the elements of a cause of action,” id. at 678, quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, and “the tenet

that a court must accept as true all of the allegations contained in a complaint is inapplicable to

legal conclusions.” Id. In ruling upon a motion to dismiss, a court may ordinarily consider only

“the facts alleged in the complaint, documents attached as exhibits or incorporated by reference

in the complaint, and matters about which the Court may take judicial notice.” Gustave-Schmidt

v. Chao, 226 F. Supp. 2d 191, 196 (D.D.C. 2002).

       B. Plaintiffs Lack Standing as to Counts I and II

       Article III of the U.S. Constitution permits federal courts to hear only “cases” and

“controversies,” and “[t]he requirement that a plaintiff have standing ‘is an essential and

unchanging part of the case-or-controversy requirement.” Dominguez v. UAL Corp., 666 F.3d

1359, 1361 (D.C. Cir. 2012), quoting Lujan, 504 U.S. at 560. Indeed, “a showing of standing ‘is

an essential and unchanging’ predicate to any exercise of our jurisdiction.” Fla. Audubon Soc’y

v. Bentsen, 94 F.3d 658, 663 (D.C. Cir. 1996), quoting Lujan, 504 U.S. at 560. The party

invoking federal jurisdiction bears the burden of establishing standing. Lujan, 504 U.S. at 561.

       To assert constitutional standing, a plaintiff must allege (1) a concrete and particularized

injury, (2) that is “fairly traceable” to the defendant, and (3) that a favorable ruling by the court is

capable of redressing. Id. at 560–61. If any one of these elements is missing, this Court may not

entertain a plaintiff’s claim. Id. at 560. Here, plaintiffs have failed to establish the causation and

                                                   8
redressability elements of standing as to Counts I and II of their amended complaint, and so these

claims must be dismissed. 6

           1. Counts I and II

       In Count I, plaintiffs seek injunctive relief from alleged infringements of their “First

Amendment and Due Process rights under the Constitution.”              Am. Compl. at 40.           The

complained-of constitutional deprivations include the past cancellation of Landrith’s federal food

stamp benefits, a determination by “[t]he State of Kansas Shawnee District Court” that Landrith

“is still in danger of being jailed for child support payments from a divorce decree in the absence

of personal jurisdiction,” Lipari’s ongoing business-related difficulties, and the enforcement of

the “Code of Silence” against them both. Id. at 45–47. Plaintiffs contend that the Chief Justice,

as the administrator of the Judicial Conference, is responsible for these injuries because he:

negligently allows federal judges to dismiss plaintiffs’ claims under Rule 12(b)(6) “with

scurrilous attacks” on them; negligently fails to protect plaintiffs from the “Code of Silence”;

negligently or affirmatively fails to enforce canons of judicial ethics; and deprives Landrith of an

opportunity to present evidence when he applies for admission to practice law in federal courts.

Id. at 41–42. To remedy these alleged injuries, plaintiffs ask this Court to issue an injunction

requiring the Chief Justice to change the policy of the Judicial Conference to allow ethics

complaints against “judicial branch officials” to be posted publicly on the Internet. Id. at 43.

6      Although many of plaintiffs’ alleged injuries may not be “concrete and particularized,”
the Court need not address that element because plaintiffs have failed to establish both causation
and redressability. See Kurtz v. Baker, 829 F.2d 1133, 1138 (D.C. Cir. 1987) (finding it
unnecessary to address all three elements of standing when one was not met).

                                                 9
         Count II alleges substantially the same injuries as Count I, although plaintiffs additionally

suggest that Lipari is being denied his right to counsel. 7 See id. at 48–50. Plaintiffs seek

generalized declaratory relief, asking this Court to declare: (1) “[T]hat vilifying parties for

bringing actions under [the Civil Rights Acts, the Sherman Antitrust Act, and RICO] before any

discovery has been permitted violates [plaintiffs’] rights”; and (2) that the Constitution requires

an evidentiary hearing in federal court before that court may reciprocally disbar an attorney. Id.

at 50.

            2. Plaintiffs Have Not Established Causation

         To demonstrate the causation element of standing, plaintiffs must allege an “injury that is

‘fairly traceable to the defendant’s allegedly unlawful conduct.’” Grocery Mfrs. Ass’n v. EPA,

693 F.3d 169, 189 (D.C. Cir. 2012), quoting Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737, 751 (1984).

Causation is “substantially more difficult to establish” when a plaintiff’s alleged injury is directly

caused by a third party who is not before the court. See Lujan, 504 U.S. at 562 (“When . . . a

plaintiff’s asserted injury arises from the government’s allegedly unlawful regulation (or lack of

regulation) of someone else, much more is needed.”). A defendant need not be the “but-for”

cause of a plaintiff’s injuries at the hands of a third party. Massachusetts v. EPA, 549 U.S. 497,

524 (2007) (stating that causation may be established when defendant caused an “incremental”

part of plaintiff’s alleged injury); Cmty. for Creative Non-Violence v. Pierce, 814 F.2d 663, 669

(D.C. Cir. 1987) (noting that causation may be established when a defendant’s actions are “a

substantial factor motivating the third parties’ actions”). But it must be “substantially probable

that the challenged acts of the defendant, not of some absent third party,” have led to a plaintiff’s

7       Presumably, plaintiffs intend to allege that Lipari has been denied the counsel of his
choice, i.e. Landrith, who has been disbarred. See also (Proposed) 2d Am. Compl. Under Rule
15(a)(1)(B) [Dkt. # 17-3] at 55 (alleging the deprivation of Lipari’s right to obtain counsel).

                                                  10
injury. Bentsen, 94 F.3d at 663 (citations omitted); see also Grocery Mfrs., 693 F.3d at 176

(same).

          Plaintiffs have not shown that it is “substantially probable” that the Chief Justice caused

any of the injuries they allege in Counts I or II, all of which are attributed to third-party officials.

Therefore, their injuries are not “fairly traceable” to the Chief Justice, and plaintiffs have failed

to establish the causation element of standing.

          Plaintiffs claim that the Chief Justice has allowed federal judges to vilify them and to

wrongfully dismiss their claims, Am. Compl. at 41, 48–49, on the theory that these judges are his

“employees,” id. ¶ 125. But Article III of the Constitution makes it plain that they are not. See

U.S. Const. art. III, § 1 (providing for life tenure for all federal judges “during good Behaviour”).

The purpose of life tenure for federal judges is to ensure their independence, including from any

“manager.” See Am. Compl. ¶ 73 (describing the Chief Justice as the “manager” of other judges

and officials). The Chief Justice cannot control the use of Rule 12(b)(6) by another federal judge

in any given case, nor can he dictate the language of another judge’s opinion. This means he

also cannot restrain judges from participating in a “Code of Silence” through their opinions. See

id. at 41, 49–50.

          The Chief Justice and Judicial Conference also do not usually receive ethics complaints,

nor do they oversee federal bar admission policies. The chief judge and judicial counsel of a

given circuit, not the Judicial Conference, are charged with enforcing judicial ethics. See 28

U.S.C. §§ 351–352 (describing the process for review of ethics complaints against federal

judges). The limited role of the Judicial Conference in judicial discipline includes cases of

impeachment, see id. § 354(b), and appellate review of the actions of circuit judicial councils, id.

§ 357. Furthermore, ethics complaints against attorneys are handled by the relevant state or

                                                  11
federal bar, not the Judicial Conference. Finally, each federal court, not the Judicial Conference,

determines whether a given attorney should be admitted to its bar. See, e.g., Fed. R. App. P. 46

(describing guidelines for admission, suspension, or disbarment from circuit court bars).

       Thus, plaintiffs have failed to demonstrate more than a speculative relationship – if any –

between the Chief Justice and their claimed injuries. It is therefore not “substantially probable”

that the Chief Justice caused any of these injuries for purposes of standing. Plaintiffs have

therefore failed to establish the causation element of standing.

           3. Plaintiffs Have Not Established Redressability

       Plaintiffs have also failed to establish the redressability element of constitutional standing

for Counts I and II. To satisfy this element, plaintiffs must demonstrate that it is “‘likely,’ as

opposed to merely ‘speculative,’ that the injury will be ‘redressed by a favorable decision.’”

Lujan, 504 U.S. at 561, quoting Simon v. E. Ky. Welfare Rights Org., 426 U.S. 26, 38, 43 (1976).

Moreover, there is a “further impediment to redressability” when the relief plaintiffs request is

unlikely to remedy the injuries they assert.          Id. at 571 (holding plaintiffs had not met

redressability requirement because it was “entirely conjectural whether the . . . activity that

affects respondents [would] be altered or affected by the . . . activity they seek to achieve”).

       Even if this Court had the power to command the Chief Justice and Judicial Conference

to allow public posting of judicial ethics complaints on the internet, as plaintiffs request in Count

I, Am. Compl. at 43, that injunction would hardly address the myriad injuries plaintiffs describe

in their fifty-four page amended complaint. Likewise, even if this Court issued the generalized

declarations of law that plaintiffs request in Count II, id. at 48, the impact would be speculative

at best; just as the Chief Justice cannot control the actions of independent and life tenured judges,

neither can this Court. Plaintiffs have therefore not met the redressability requirement because it

                                                 12
is “entirely conjectural” whether any of the remedies they seek would meaningfully address the

injuries they assert. See Lujan, 504 U.S. at 571. Plaintiffs have thus failed to establish the

jurisdictional prerequisite of constitutional standing, and Counts I and II must be dismissed.

       C. Count III is Moot

       The “case or controversy” requirement of Article III, section 2, permits federal courts to

adjudicate only “actual, ongoing controversies.” Honig v. Doe, 484 U.S. 305, 317 (1988). A

case is moot if “events have so transpired that the decision will neither presently affect the

parties’ rights nor have a more-than-speculative chance of affecting them in the future.” Clarke

v. United States, 915 F.2d 699, 701 (D.C. Cir. 1990) (citation omitted). Like standing, mootness

is a matter of constitutional jurisdiction, and a federal court may not hear a moot claim. See

Foretich v. United States, 351 F.3d 1198, 1210 (D.C. Cir. 2003).

       According to Count III of the amended complaint, the Chief Justice and his counsel have

committed “Abuse of Process designed to deprive the plaintiffs of Due Process.” Am. Compl. at

51. Plaintiffs claim that the Chief Justice, through the DOJ, has “further vilif[ied]” them and has

acted in “extrajudicial prior restraint” of their First Amendment rights by interfering with a

website intended to help expose the “Novation cartel” and its monopoly. Id. They also allege

that the Chief Justice’s arguments in his motion to dismiss are “based on misrepresentations of

material facts and controlling case law” designed to “provide camouflage for the trial court to

rule contrary to the US Supreme Court.” Id. at 52.

       For relief, plaintiffs ask this Court to strike the Chief Justice’s motion to dismiss, to direct

him to answer their amended complaint, and to enjoin the Chief Justice from making any further

misrepresentations. But as this Court will dismiss Counts I and II of the amended complaint, the

relief plaintiffs seek in Count III will “neither presently affect the parties’ rights nor have a more-

                                                  13
than-speculative chance of affecting them in the future.” Clarke, 915 F.2d at 701. Indeed,

without Counts I and II, the underlying controversy is gone, and there is nothing further that this

Court might direct the Chief Justice to do. Therefore, Count III of the amended complaint is

moot.

   II. The Court Will Deny Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to Amend the Complaint

        A. Standard of Review

        Parties have the right to amend their pleadings once as a matter of course within certain

timeframes, and the Court should “freely give leave” to further amend “when justice so

requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(1)(A)–(B), (a)(2). When evaluating whether to grant a party’s

motion for leave to amend its complaint, the Court must consider (1) undue delay; (2) prejudice

to the opposing party; (3) futility of the amendment; (4) bad faith; and (5) whether the plaintiff

has previously amended the complaint. Atchinson v. District of Columbia, 73 F.3d 418, 425

(D.C. Cir. 1996), quoting Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962). A proposed claim is futile

when it “merely restates the same facts as the original complaint in different terms . . . or could

not withstand a motion to dismiss.” Rumber v. District of Columbia, 598 F. Supp. 2d 97, 102

(D.D.C. 2009), citing James Madison Ltd. v. Ludwig, 82 F.3d 1085, 1099 (D.C. Cir. 1996); see

also Ross v. DynCorp, 362 F. Supp. 2d 344, 364 n.11 (D.D.C. 2005) (“While a court is instructed

by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to grant leave to amend a complaint ‘freely,’ it need not

do so where the only result would be to waste time and judicial resources. Such is the case

where the Court determines, in advance, that the claim that a plaintiff plans to add to his or her

complaint must fail, as a matter of law . . . .”).

                                                     14
       B. Plaintiffs’ Proposed Amendments to the Complaint are Futile

       Here, plaintiffs have amended their complaint once before, see Am. Compl. at 1, and

seek permission to amend it again, Mot. to Amend at 1. Their proposed second amended

complaint is identical to their amended complaint except that it includes two new counts and

would add Attorney General Eric Holder as a defendant. Id. ¶ 6; (Proposed) 2d Am. Compl.

Under Rule 15(a)(1)(B) [Dkt. # 17-3] (“Prop. 2d Am. Compl.”) at 54–64. The Chief Justice

opposes plaintiffs’ motion on the basis that the proposed amendments are frivolous and futile.

Def.’s Opp. to Pls.’ 2d Mot. for Leave to Further Amend Compl. [Dkt. # 21] at 1. The Court

agrees with the Chief Justice.

       In proposed Count IV, plaintiffs would allege that the Chief Justice has “knowingly

participated in using government attorneys and law enforcement personnel” to discriminatorily

prosecute plaintiffs, in violation of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Prop. 2d

Am. Compl. at 54–55. They also wish to contend that the Chief Justice “has employed federal

judges and Department of Justice attorneys breaking the model rules of ethical conduct,” while

simultaneously depriving Landrith “of his right to . . . present evidence that he was wrongfully

disbarred.” Id. at 55. Plaintiffs also wish to defend Lipari’s right to pursue his hospital supplies

antitrust litigation “free of the intimidation and coercion of [the Chief Justice’s] agents and

employees working to keep that market unlawfully monopolized by the Novation cartel.” Id. at

55. They again allege that Lipari has been denied the right to obtain counsel. Id. Plaintiffs ask

this Court for declaratory relief stating that Landrith has a constitutional right “to clear his name

in federal courts,” and that Lipari has constitutional rights to enforce contracts, to obtain legal

counsel, and “to vindicate the federal antitrust laws and his own right to Equal Protection under

the Fourteenth Amendment” free of “open and naked threats” by federal judges. Id. at 56.

                                                 15
        Proposed Count IV, however, “merely restates” the allegations of the amended complaint

“in different terms,” albeit with more vigor, and is therefore futile. See Rumber, 598 F. Supp. 2d

at 102. Essentially, plaintiffs seek leave from this Court to once more allege that the Chief

Justice has allowed his “employees” – federal judges and DOJ officials – to deprive Landrith of a

reciprocal disbarment hearing, to deprive Lipari of a full opportunity to pursue his antitrust

claims in court, and to vilify and persecute plaintiffs through the courts and through extrajudicial

means. The only potentially new allegation in proposed Count IV relates to unethical conduct on

the part of the Chief Justice’s “agents and employees” – but those claims would fail for all of the

reasons set forth above in connection with Counts I and II.           See supra Analysis § I(B).

Therefore, proposed Count IV is redundant and futile.

        Proposed Count V is also futile. Here, plaintiffs seek declaratory and injunctive relief in

recompense for a host of new allegations of corruption and misconduct by proposed new

defendant Attorney General Eric Holder, as well as the DOJ and other federal officials. Prop. 2d

Am. Compl. at 56–64. Plaintiffs assert violations of their

        clearly established constitutional right to be free from warrantless surveillance,
        pen register captures and wire taps, and free from bad faith warrant based
        surveillance to cover and attempt to launder earlier warrantless electronic
        surveillance and wire taps in furtherance of malicious investigations and
        malicious prosecutions of the plaintiffs for the purpose of depriving them of their
        property rights without trial or other court proceedings.

Id. at 56–57. They describe the DOJ as “an infiltrated enterprise captured by organized crime.”

Id. at 57. Quoting extensively from their own pleadings in three separate state and federal cases,

plaintiffs allege that:

        Attorney General Holder “has had repeated notice of the violations of the constitutional
        rights of the plaintiffs by DOJ employees and by [the FBI],” id. at 57–58;

        Former Attorney General John Ashcroft has benefitted personally from the “Novation
        cartel,” id. at 58–59;

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        The DOJ Office of Professional Responsibility has been “capture[d]” by certain corrupt
        officials, id. at 59;

        The “Novation cartel” caused certain individuals to be “installed as US Attorney for the
        purpose of obstructing the plaintiffs’ antitrust investigation and court proceedings,” id;

        Other DOJ officials have conspired to prevent plaintiffs from disrupting the monopoly of
        the medical supply industry, id. at 59–61;

        A U.S. Senator caused the nomination of a U.S. Attorney who was married to a Missouri
        state judge “key to the Novation cartel,” and the U.S. Attorney “spent the day after her
        swearing in . . . going over the plaintiffs’ civil case files online,” id. at 61;

        A different U.S. Attorney obstructed justice with respect to Lipari’s litigation against the
        “Novation cartel,” id.;

        Attorney General Holder has permitted continued surveillance of plaintiffs since 2002
        without bringing criminal charges “for the sole purpose of obstructing justice through
        extrinsic fraud” as to plaintiffs’ legal claims, id. at 62;

        Attorney General Holder has, through “extrinsic fraud,” deprived “the Government’s
        right” to have officials of various federal agencies “transact their official business
        honestly and impartially, free from corruption, fraud, improper and undue influence,
        dishonesty, unlawful impairment and obstruction,” id. at 63; and

        Attorney General Holder has violated plaintiffs’ rights not to be subjected to warrantless
        wiretapping, to “censorship of Google,” to “biased tribunals resulting from ex parte
        communications by of [sic] the DOJ and its FBI agents,” and to unconstitutional
        enforcement of statutes, id. at 63–64.

        Plaintiffs seek declaratory and injunctive relief from all of these alleged injuries.

Specifically, plaintiffs ask this Court: (1) to declare “that the investigations and extrajudicial

seizures of [plaintiffs’] property by the DOJ were malicious and violated the plaintiffs’ Fourth

and Fifth Amendment rights”; (2) to enjoin Attorney General Holder “and his agents” from

surveillance and obstruction of justice as to plaintiffs; and (3) to enjoin Attorney General Holder

“and his agents” from “maintaining any databases that report negative information about the

plaintiffs for their private civil litigation in vindication of federal antitrust and civil rights

statutes.” Id. at 64.

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       The Court does not have the power to hear plaintiffs’ claims. “Federal courts are courts

of limited jurisdiction. They possess only that power authorized by Constitution and statute,

which is not to be expanded by judicial decree. It is to be presumed that a cause lies outside this

limited jurisdiction, and the burden of establishing the contrary rests upon the party asserting

jurisdiction.” Kokkonen, 511 U.S. at 377 (citations omitted). Subject-matter jurisdiction is

lacking where a complaint “is patently insubstantial, presenting no federal question suitable for

decision.” Tooley v. Napolitano, 586 F.3d 1006, 1009 (D.C. Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks

omitted), quoting Best v. Kelly, 39 F.3d 328, 330 (D.C. Cir. 1994). A claim is “patently

insubstantial” when it is “flimsier than doubtful or questionable . . . essentially fictitious.” Best,

39 F.3d at 330 (internal quotations omitted); see Hagans v. Lavine, 415 U.S. 528, 536–37 (1974)

(“[F]ederal courts are without power to entertain claims otherwise within their jurisdiction if they

are so attenuated and unsubstantial as to be absolutely devoid of merit, wholly insubstantial, [or]

obviously frivolous.” (citations and internal quotation marks omitted); see, e.g., Peters v.

Obama, Misc. No. 10-0298 (CKK), 2010 WL 2541066, at *1–2 (D.D.C. June 21, 2010) (sua

sponte dismissing complaint alleging that President Obama had been served with and failed to

respond to an “Imperial Writ of Habeas Corpus” by the “Imperial Dominion of Axemem,”

requiring the plaintiff’s immediate release from a correctional institution).

       Although mindful that complaints filed by pro se litigants are held to less stringent

standards than those applied to formal pleadings drafted by lawyers, see Haines v. Kerner, 404

U.S. 519, 520 (1972) (per curiam); Brown v. District of Columbia, 514 F.3d 1279, 1283 (D.C.

Cir. 2008), plaintiff’s allegations in proposed Count V present “no federal question suitable for

decision.” Best, 39 F.3d at 330. Therefore, proposed Count V is futile because it would not

survive a motion to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(6). See

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Rumber, 598 F. Supp. 2d at 102. Because this Court has determined that the only changes

plaintiffs propose to their complaint would be futile, their motion to file a second amended

complaint will be denied.

  III. The Court Will Deny Plaintiffs’ Motion for Rule 11 Sanctions

       Plaintiffs move under Rule 11(b) for sanctions against the Chief Justice and his counsel.

Pls.’ Mot. for Sanctions. A court may impose Rule 11 sanctions if a party’s pleading or other

representation is presented for an improper purpose, is frivolous, or lacks evidentiary support.

Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(b)–(c). “The imposition of Rule 11 sanctions is not something the court takes

lightly,” however, as “sanctions are an extreme punishment for filing pleadings that frustrate

judicial proceedings.” Naegele v. Albers, 355 F. Supp. 2d 129, 144 (D.D.C. 2005). The test for

Rule 11 sanctions is objective: the Court must determine “‘whether a reasonable inquiry would

have revealed that there was no basis in law or fact for the asserted claim.’” Henok v. Chase

Home Fin., LLC, 925 F. Supp. 2d 46, 53 (D.D.C. 2013), quoting Sharp v. Rosa Mexicano, D.C.,

LLC, 496 F. Supp. 2d 93, 100 (D.D.C. 2007).

       In this motion, plaintiffs re-allege the same misconduct and ethical violations they assert

in Count III of their amended complaint and in Count IV of their proposed second amended

complaint. Compare Pls.’ Mot. for Sanctions ¶¶ 3–13, with Am. Compl. at 51–52, and Prop. 2d

Am. Compl. at 54–55. Specifically, they accuse the Chief Justice and his counsel of materially

misrepresenting plaintiffs’ claims, relevant case law, and the powers of the Chief Justice as

administrator of the Judicial Conference. Pls.’ Mot. for Sanctions ¶¶ 3–8. Plaintiffs further

contend that the Chief Justice and his counsel have committed “extrinsic frauds in an attempt to

obstruct justice” by causing disruptions of plaintiffs’ email and cell phone service, Lipari’s

website, and Lipari’s nephew’s Internet service. Id. ¶¶ 9–13.

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       Plaintiffs’ motion is meritless. There is no indication whatsoever that the Chief Justice

has acted in bad faith with respect to the representations made in his pleadings; rather, the Chief

Justice has made good-faith arguments with which plaintiffs simply disagree. Moreover, even if

the Chief Justice and his counsel did misrepresent aspects of plaintiffs’ complaint, as plaintiffs

allege, the Court declines to find bad faith because plaintiffs’ pleadings are difficult to decipher

and because the minor errors plaintiffs allege do not warrant an “extreme punishment.” See

Naegele, 355 F. Supp. 2d at 144. Finally, plaintiffs’ bare assertion that defendant has caused the

disruption of their (and Lipari’s nephew’s) email, Internet, and cell phone service does not fall

within the scope of Rule 11 because those activities do not constitute representations to the Court

by defendant. Therefore, plaintiffs’ motion for sanctions under Rule 11 will be denied.

  IV. Plaintiffs’ Motions for CM/ECF Password

       Plaintiffs filed two motions requesting access to the Court’s electronic filing system.

Pls.’ Mot. for CM/ECF Password; Pls.’ 2d Mot. for Leave to File Electronically via CM/ECF

and to Receive Passwords. As the Court will dismiss plaintiffs’ action in its entirety, plaintiffs’

motions for access to electronic filing will be denied as moot.

                                         CONCLUSION

       Because plaintiffs lack standing as to Counts I and II of their amended complaint, and

because Count III is moot, the Court will grant the Chief Justice’s motion to dismiss the

amended complaint in its entirety. Moreover, because plaintiffs’ proposed amendments to their

complaint are futile, the Court will deny their motion for leave to amend their complaint.

Plaintiffs’ motion for Rule 11 sanctions against defendant and his counsel is meritless and will

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also be denied. Finally, plaintiffs’ motions for access to electronic filing are moot and will be

denied. A separate order will issue.

                                            AMY BERMAN JACKSON
                                            United States District Judge

DATE: November 4, 2013

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