Court Opinion

ID: 1035105
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-07-24 23:02:57.572067+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:08:20.955198
License: Public Domain

Filed 7/24/13 Maxwell v. Toys “R” US-Delaware CA2/3
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for
publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                 DIVISION THREE

CINDY MAXWELL et al.,                                                      B237422

         Plaintiffs and Appellants,                                        (Los Angeles County
                                                                           Super. Ct. No. BC401425)
         v.

TOYS “R” US-DELAWARE, INC.,

         Defendant and Respondent.

         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County,

Kenneth R. Freeman, Judge. Affirmed.

         Coleman Frost and Daniel L. Alexander for Plaintiffs and Appellants.

         Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, Gregory T. Parks and Joseph Duffy for Defendant

and Respondent.

                            _______________________________________
       Cindy Maxwell and Audrey Miranda filed a class action complaint against

Toys “R” Us-Delaware, Inc. (Toys “R” Us), alleging several counts relating to its gift

cards. The trial court certified a class and conducted the first, nonjury phase of

a bifurcated trial. The court filed a statement of decision finding that plaintiffs failed to

prove their claims and entered a judgment awarding them no relief on their complaint.

Plaintiffs appealed the judgment.

       Plaintiffs contend the trial court found that the class representatives did not

adequately represent a particular subclass and erred by failing to allow plaintiffs to

either (1) amend their complaint to name an additional class representative or

(2) modify the class definition in the judgment so as to exclude claims by the subclass.

We conclude that plaintiffs misconstrue the court’s ruling and have shown no

prejudicial error. We therefore will affirm the judgment.

                  FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       1.     Factual Background

       Toys “R” Us sells prepaid gift cards that are redeemable for merchandise at

Toys “R” Us and affiliated stores. Civil Code section 1749.5, subdivision (b)(2)

became effective on January 1, 2008. It states, “any gift certificate with a cash value of

less than ten dollars ($10) is redeemable in cash for its cash value.” (Ibid.)

       Toys “R” Us gift cards sold before January 1, 2008, bore the language, “This

card can be used only for purchases of merchandise at Toys ‘R’ Us, Babies ‘R’ Us, or

Toys ‘R’ Us/Geoffrey stores in the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada, and/or at

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Toysrus.com, Babiesrus.com and other affiliated Internet sites.”1 This language was

modified on cards sold after January 1, 2008, and new language was added stating, “Not

redeemable for cash, except as required by law.” But some cards with the old language

were still in stock and were sold after January 1, 2008, and some cards with the old

language remained in customers’ possession after that date.

       2.     Trial Court Proceedings

       Maxwell filed a complaint in November 2008 and filed a second amended

complaint against Toys “R” Us in December 2009 adding Miranda as a named

plaintiff.2 Plaintiffs allege that gift cards sold by Toys “R” Us are not redeemable for

cash when the remaining balance falls below $10, and the cards state that they can be

redeemed only by purchasing merchandise at Toys “R” Us and affiliated stores. They

allege a class consisting of “all persons in the State of California who have purchased,

received or possessed a Toys R Us and/or Babies R Us gift card on or after January 1,

2008 that is not redeemable for its cash value when the remaining cash value on the card

falls below $10.00.”

       Plaintiffs allege counts for (1) violation of the Consumer Legal Remedies Act

(Civ. Code, § 1750 et seq.); (2) unlawful business practice under the unfair competition

law (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 17200 et seq.); (3) unfair and fraudulent business practice

1
       We will refer to this or substantially similar language as the “old language.”
2
       We judicially notice the stipulation and order filed on January 22, 2010,
permitting the filing of the second amended complaint and deeming it filed as of
December 10, 2009. (Evid. Code, § 452, subd. (d).)

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under the unfair competition law; (4) false advertising (Bus. & Prof. Code,

§ 17500 et seq.); (5) constructive trust; and (6) conversion.

       The trial court granted plaintiffs’ class certification motion in January 2010,

certifying the same class alleged in the complaint. The first, nonjury phase of

a bifurcated trial took place in September 2010. On the first day of trial, the court made

a tentative ruling that cards bearing the old language that were sold after January 1,

2008, contained a misrepresentation and that Toys “R” Us had an affirmative obligation

to notify those cardholders. The court also tentatively ruled that cards bearing the new

language complied with the law. After the conclusion of the first phase of trial, the

court requested supplemental briefing on several questions relating to claims based on

plaintiffs’ use after January 1, 2008, of cards with the old language, including whether

the named plaintiffs were adequate representatives for purposes of such claims.

Plaintiffs argued that they were adequate representatives and that they were entitled to

relief on those claims.

       The trial court filed a proposed statement of decision on February 11, 2011,

stating, among other things, that (1) plaintiffs failed to prove their allegation that

Toys “R” Us failed to redeem gift cards for cash upon request after the remaining cash

value had fallen below $10.00; and (2) the new language complied with the law and was

not misleading.

       Plaintiffs objected to the proposed statement of decision arguing that the trial

court had failed to address certain issues, including Toys “R” Us’s alleged liability

arising from class members’ use after January 1, 2008, of gift cards bearing the old

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language. The court conducted a hearing on plaintiffs’ objections in March 2011. The

court filed a final statement of decision on July 29, 2011, confirming its findings in the

proposed statement of decision and adding:

       “No evidence was offered in trial that any class representative (or for that matter,

any person) purchased a pre 2008 gift card and attempted to redeem it for cash after the

effective date of the statute. Nor was any evidence offered that any person was misled

by language on the back of a pre 2008 gift card. Accordingly, the question of whether

the statements on these cards constituted noncompliance was not an issue necessary for

this court to reach.”

       The trial court entered a judgment in September 2011 stating that plaintiffs’

class, defined as stated above, is entitled to no relief on the complaint. Plaintiffs timely

appealed the judgment.

                                     CONTENTIONS

       Plaintiffs contend the trial court found that the class representatives did not

adequately represent class members who purchased or possessed gift cards with the old

language after January 1, 2008, and erred by failing to allow plaintiffs to either

(1) amend their complaint to name an additional class representative or (2) modify the

class definition in the judgment so as to exclude claims by those class members.

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                                       DISCUSSION

       1.     Plaintiffs Are Not Entitled to Leave to Amend the Complaint to Name
              An Additional Class Representative

       A trial court may allow the amendment of a pleading at any time in the

proceeding, including after the commencement of trial. (Code Civ. Proc., §§ 576, 473,

subd. (a)(1).) Leave to amend a complaint should be liberally granted if the amendment

is necessary for the plaintiff to properly present his or her case, consistent with the

policy in favor of disposing of cases on their merits, unless the amendment would raise

new issues that the defendant has had no opportunity to defend. (Trafton v. Youngblood

(1968) 69 Cal.2d 17, 31; Board of Trustees v. Superior Court (2007) 149 Cal.App.4th

1154, 1163.) We review the denial of leave to amend a complaint for abuse of

discretion. (Trafton, supra, at p. 31.)

       The parties participated in a trial on the merits of the claims alleged in the

complaint after notice was given to all class members in accordance with the class

definition proposed by plaintiffs and approved by the trial court. The class

encompassed not only persons with claims arising from the purchase or possession of

gift cards with the new language, but also persons with claims arising from the purchase

or possession after January 1, 2008, of cards with the old language. Plaintiffs had a full

and fair opportunity to litigate the claims alleged in the complaint on behalf of all class

members. Plaintiffs do not argue otherwise.

       Plaintiffs cite authority that the trial court cannot deny class certification or

dismiss an action before trial based on the lack of an adequate class representative and

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instead must allow the plaintiffs an opportunity to substitute a suitable class

representative. (La Sala v. American Sav. & Loan Assn. (1971) 5 Cal.3d 864, 872-873;

Jaimez v. Daiohs USA, Inc. (2010) 181 Cal.App.4th 1286, 1308; Aguiar v. Cintas Corp.

No. 2 (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 121, 137.) Such authority is not on point in these

circumstances after a class has been certified and the case has been tried. The trial court

here did not deny certification and, contrary to plaintiffs’ argument, did not find either

that a subclass was not adequately represented or that plaintiffs were entitled to no relief

as a result. Moreover, plaintiffs make no effort to show and have not shown that

naming an additional class representative after the conclusion of trial would affect the

court’s finding that they failed to prove their case.

       Plaintiffs attempt to impeach the judgment based on comments made by the trial

court at the hearing on plaintiffs’ objections to the proposed statement of decision. Any

comments by the court explaining its intended decision before the filing of a final

statement of decision were tentative and nonbinding as a matter of law and cannot be

used to impeach the judgment. (Shaw v. County of Santa Cruz (2008) 170 Cal.App.4th

229, 268-269; Wilshire Ins. Co. v. Tuff Boy Holding, Inc. (2001) 86 Cal.App.4th 627,

638, fn. 9; In re Marriage of Ditto (1988) 206 Cal.App.3d 643, 646-647; Oldis v.

La Societe Francaise (1955) 130 Cal.App.2d 461, 472.) The fact that the final

statement of decision and judgment were not in conformity with the court’s prior

statements does not in any way affect the validity of the judgment. (Taormino v. Denny

(1970) 1 Cal.3d 679, 684.)

                                              7
       We conclude that plaintiffs have shown no abuse of discretion in the denial of

leave to amend their complaint and no prejudice as a result of the denial.

       2.     Plaintiffs Are Not Entitled to a Modified Judgment Excluding the Subclass

       Plaintiffs contend the trial court erred by adjudicating in the judgment claims by

class members who purchased or received gift cards with the old language on or after

January 1, 2008, after stating in its statement of decision that it did not intend to

adjudicate such claims. We disagree. The court stated in its statement of decision that

there was no evidence that anyone had purchased a gift card with the old language and

attempted to redeem it for cash after January 1, 2008, and no evidence that anyone was

misled by the old language. The statement of decision stated, “Accordingly, the

question of whether the statements on these cards constituted noncompliance was not an

issue necessary for this court to reach.” We construe this to mean not that the court

declined to adjudicate plaintiffs’ claims with respect to cards with the old language, but

that plaintiffs failed to prove those claims because there was no evidence that anyone

was either harmed or misled as a result of the old language, and that the court therefore

need not decide whether the old language violated the law.3

       Again, plaintiffs do not argue that class members who purchased or possessed

cards with the old language after January 1, 2008, were not included in the certified

class or that they had no full and fair opportunity to litigate those claims. Plaintiffs do

3
       Thus, the judgment constitutes a judgment on the merits of the claims by all class
members. The trial court found that plaintiffs had failed to prove their claims, but did
not decide whether the old language violated the law.

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not challenge the trial court’s conclusion as to the failure of proof or argue that this

conclusion does not support the judgment. Moreover, plaintiffs cite no authority for the

proposition that a court in these circumstances can modify the class definition after

a trial on the merits so as to exclude a subclass from the judgment, and they offer no

valid reason for the court to do so. Plaintiffs’ failure of proof is not a valid reason. We

conclude that plaintiffs have shown no prejudicial error in this regard.

                                      DISPOSITION

       The judgment is affirmed. Toys “R” Us is entitled to recover its costs on appeal.

       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

                                                                         CROSKEY, J.

WE CONCUR:

       KLEIN, P. J.

       KITCHING, J.

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