Court Opinion

ID: 9963840
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-26 14:05:21.584025+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:25:02.502619
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: APRIL 19, 2024; 10:00 A.M.
                       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

               Commonwealth of Kentucky
                         Court of Appeals
                           NO. 2023-CA-1424-WC

PIKEVILLE MEDICAL CENTER                                         APPELLANT

                 PETITION FOR REVIEW OF A DECISION
v.             OF THE WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BOARD
                       ACTION NO. WC-20-51809

CHARLOTTE BAKER; HONORABLE
CHRIS GREG DAVIS,
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE;
AND WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
BOARD                                                            APPELLEES

                                 OPINION
                                AFFIRMING

                                ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: ACREE, EASTON, AND GOODWINE, JUDGES.

EASTON, JUDGE: Pikeville Medical Center (“PMC”) appeals the decision of the

Workers’ Compensation Board (“Board”) affirming the decision of the

Administrative Law Judge, Chris Greg Davis (“ALJ”). The decision awarded
benefits for a permanent total disability to Charlotte Baker (“Baker”). After review

of the record, we affirm.

               FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

             Baker is a registered nurse. She worked for PMC for forty years. At

the time of her injury, Baker was the head nurse of the neonatal intensive care unit

(“NICU”) at PMC. On December 12, 2020, Baker was involved in the transfer of

a patient from an ambulance. As a stretcher was lifted, Baker fell. She landed

partially on another person. As a result of her fall, Baker sustained a “closed

comminuted mildly displaced left shoulder surgical neck fracture.” In less medical

terms, she broke the upper part of the upper arm bone near where the top becomes

part of the shoulder joint. The fracture resulted in more than one piece, but the

pieces did not move very much from where they were part of the bone.

             Because of heart issues, Baker could not have surgery to correct this

injury. She went back to work but eventually could not perform her duties without

significant pain. Baker filed this claim for benefits and argued she had a

permanent total disability. PMC did not participate in this case until after the ALJ

decided the claim. As a result, the only evidence to consider was that offered by

Baker.

             Baker offered the opinion of Dr. McEldowney, who examined Baker

in 2022 for the purpose of determining any disability. Dr. McEldowney assessed

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an 8% impairment of Baker’s left upper extremity which resulted in a 5%

impairment to Baker’s body as a whole. In the doctor’s opinion, this impairment

prevents Baker from lifting more than eight pounds with her left arm. She cannot

carry more than six pounds with her left arm. She cannot push or pull more than

thirty pounds. Dr. McEldowney believes Baker cannot perform her prior work.

             Because of the fall, Baker had also suffered a strain type injury to her

sacroiliac joint at the left hip. Although Dr. McEldowney did not find any

percentage of impairment resulting from that injury, he believed the effects of that

injury would prevent Baker from sitting or standing for long periods.

             Faced with this uncontradicted evidence, the ALJ considered other

evidence and factors and reached a finding of a permanent total disability. PMC

then entered an appearance and filed a Petition for Reconsideration, arguing the

permanent total disability was not based on substantial evidence. The ALJ denied

the Petition. The Board affirmed the ALJ. This appeal follows.

                            STANDARD OF REVIEW

             In workers’ compensation cases, the ALJ is the finder of facts. In

deciding facts, the ALJ has sole discretion in the evaluation of the evidence. Ford

Motor Co. v. Jobe, 544 S.W.3d 628, 631 (Ky. 2018). Factual findings cannot be

set aside unless shown to be clearly erroneous. A finding is not clearly erroneous

if supported by substantial evidence. Lexington Fayette Urb. Cnty. Gov’t v.

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Gosper, 671 S.W.3d 184, 199 (Ky. 2023). “Substantial evidence means evidence

of substance and relevant consequence having the fitness to induce conviction in

the minds of reasonable [people].” Smyzer v. B.F. Goodrich Chem. Co., 474

S.W.2d 367, 369 (Ky. 1971) (citation omitted).

                We then look at whether the ALJ and subsequently the Board

correctly applied the law to the facts found. This review is de novo. Bowerman v.

Black Equip. Co., 297 S.W.3d 858, 874 (Ky. App. 2008). Ultimately, in an

appellate capacity, this Court will reverse only if the ALJ and the Board

“overlooked or misconstrued controlling law or so flagrantly erred in evaluating

the evidence that it has caused gross injustice.” U.S. Bank Home Mortg. v.

Schrecker, 455 S.W.3d 382, 384 (Ky. 2014).

                                      ANALYSIS

                KRS1 342.0011(11)(c) states: “‘Permanent total disability’ means the

condition of an employee who, due to an injury, has a permanent disability rating

and has a complete and permanent inability to perform any type of work as a result

of an injury . . . .” KRS 342.0011(34) defines work: “‘Work’ means providing

services to another in return for remuneration on a regular and sustained basis in a

competitive economy . . . .” PMC insists Baker can perform some type of work

and so does not meet these definitions.

1
    Kentucky Revised Statute.

                                          -4-
             Determination of permanent total disability includes a formulaic

consideration of factors, but ultimately it is an individualized decision. Ira A.

Watson Dep’t Store v. Hamilton, 34 S.W.3d 48, 51 (Ky. 2000). Both the ALJ and

the Board carefully considered Baker’s individual circumstances. She is a NICU

nurse in her mid-sixties at retirement age. Due to the specific permanent

impairment to her left shoulder, Baker cannot lift or carry even an average sized

newborn child. She tried to continue work but found it impossible to do because of

persistent pain. Any suggestion she could do some other nursing work ignores her

inability to even sit at a desk for long periods.

             The evidence of record is sufficient to support the thoughtful analysis

by the ALJ and the Board that Baker’s individual situation makes her unable to

work “on a regular and sustained basis in a competitive economy.” Neither the

ALJ or the Board misapplied the law, nor did they incorrectly evaluate the

evidence resulting in any “gross injustice.” The decision of the Board is

AFFIRMED.

             ALL CONCUR.

 BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:                        BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

 Sara May                                    C. Phillip Wheeler, Jr.
 Pikeville, Kentucky                         Pikeville, Kentucky

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