Court Opinion

ID: 936634
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-06-27 00:40:39.695716+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:13:36.346299
License: Public Domain

FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION                             JUN 26 2013

                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

CECIL PAUL TASBY,                                No. 11-35178

              Petitioner - Appellant,            D.C. No. 2:09-cv-00264-RHW

  v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM *
RON FRAKES,

              Respondent - Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of Washington
                 Robert H. Whaley, Senior District Judge, Presiding

                        Argued and Submitted March 7, 2013
                                Seattle, Washington

Before: W. FLETCHER, RAWLINSON, and EBEL,** Circuit Judges.

       Petitioner-Appellant Cecil Paul Tasby (Tasby) challenges the district court’s

denial of his habeas petition.

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
       **
            The Honorable David M. Ebel, Senior Circuit Judge for the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, sitting by designation.
      1.     We express hesitation over whether Tasby’s petition fairly presented

his federal claims to the Washington Supreme Court. A habeas petition must

reference specific federal guarantees and state facts underlying the claims. See

Gentry v. Sinclair, 705 F.3d 884, 897 (9th Cir. 2013). A federal claim may be

“raised in the petition itself, an accompanying brief, or another similar document

filed with that court.” Id. (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).

      Tasby’s petition states four federal claims: “(1) Ineffective Assistance of

Counsel; (2) Prosecutorial Misconduct; (3) Rules of Evidence; [and] (4) Federal

Confrontation Clause,” but relies on the attached Washington Court of Appeal’s

opinion to state the facts underlying his claims. Although pro se petitions are “held

to a more lenient standard than counseled petitions,” Davis v. Silva, 511 F.3d 1005,

1009 (9th Cir. 2008), we nevertheless harbor doubt over whether attaching a state

court decision to a petition suffices to fairly present facts underlying a petitioner’s

federal claims.

      2.     Notwithstanding exhaustion, the state court did not unreasonably

conclude that the prosecutor’s misconduct constituted harmless error. While the

prosecutor improperly cross-examined Tasby on the veracity of some of the state’s

witnesses, Tasby’s conviction rested on a plethora of other evidence. See United

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States v. Moreland, 622 F.3d 1147, 1160-61 (9th Cir. 2008) (improper cross-

examination was harmless given the numerous other witnesses who bolstered the

government’s case). Similarly, although the prosecutor improperly vouched for

Cherity Phelps’s veracity, the misconduct did not materially affect the fairness of

Tasby’s trial because Phelps’s testimony was not critical to the state’s case. See

United States v. Stinson, 647 F.3d 1196, 1212-13 (9th Cir. 2011) (holding that

vouching was harmless error given the significance of the government’s other

evidence).

       Nor did the state court unreasonably characterize as “not improper” the

prosecutor’s comments about a missing witness. See United States v. Necoechea,

986 F.2d 1273, 1282 (9th Cir. 1993) (“A prosecutor is entitled to comment on a

defendant’s failure to present witnesses so long as it is not phrased to call attention

to the defendant’s own failure to testify. . . .”) (citation omitted).

       Finally, the state court’s conclusion was reasonable that the prosecutor did

not impermissibly comment on Tasby’s right to remain silent. See United States v.

Williams, 990 F.2d 507, 510 (9th Cir. 1993) (holding that defendant’s “right not to

testify was not implicated byecause he did in fact testify at trial”).

                                       Page 3 of 5
      3.     The state court did not unreasonably conclude that the Confrontation

Clause violation was harmless. Detective Burbridge’s testimony that Tasby’s

pretrial counsel confirmed the veracity of the detective’s report was testimonial

hearsay, but it merely corroborated the detective’s own recollection of Tasby’s

admission. Other circumstantial evidence also suggested that Tasby knew that

Ramey had informed the police of his involvement in the robbery. Accordingly, the

Confrontation Clause violation was harmless because it did not implicate the

verdict. See Merolillo v. Yates, 663 F.3d 444, 454 (9th Cir. 2011) (“Habeas relief is

warranted only if the [constitutional] error had a substantial and injurious effect or

influence in determining the jury’s verdict. . . .”).

      4.     The state court did not unreasonably apply Strickland in denying

Tasby’s IAC claim. Because the prosecutorial misconduct and Confrontation

Clause violation were harmless errors, the failure of Tasby’s counsel to object to

these violations did not cause prejudice. See Carrera v. Ayers, 699 F.3d 1104, 1111

(9th Cir. 2012) (denying habeas relief where defendant failed to establish that

counsel’s failure to object to the prosecutor’s peremptory strikes caused prejudice).

                                      Page 4 of 5
      5.     Tasby failed to exhaust his cumulative error claim, as the district court

neither considered nor certified the claim, and it was not set forth in his petition to

the Washington Supreme Court. See Wooten v. Kirkland, 540 F.3d 1019, 1026 (9th

Cir. 2008) (district court properly denied habeas petition where petitioner failed to

exhaust his cumulative error claim).

      Nevertheless, given the overwhelming evidence underlying Tasby’s

convictions, the prosecutorial misconduct, coupled with the Confrontation Clause

violation, do not amount to a due process violation. Cf. Parle v. Runnels, 505 F.3d
922, 930 (9th Cir. 2007) (noting that habeas relief was warranted because

cumulative error of individual constitutional errors significantly compromised the

defense).

      AFFIRMED.

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