Court Opinion

ID: 2728626
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:34:36.812389+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:45:18.442197
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
                                                            FILED
                                                          Dec 12 2012, 8:47 am
any court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,                        CLERK
collateral estoppel, or the law of the                         of the supreme court,
                                                               court of appeals and
                                                                      tax court
case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                         ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

STEVEN E. RIPSTRA                               GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Ripstra Law Office                              Attorney General of Indiana
Jasper, Indiana
                                                JAMES B. MARTIN
                                                Deputy Attorney General
                                                Indianapolis, Indiana

                              IN THE
                    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

CHRISTOPHER A. MERDER,                          )
                                                )
       Appellant-Defendant,                     )
                                                )
              vs.                               )       No. 19A04-1205-CR-229
                                                )
STATE OF INDIANA,                               )
                                                )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                      )

                    APPEAL FROM THE DUBOIS SUPERIOR COURT
                         The Honorable Mark R. McConnell, Judge
                    Cause Nos. 19D01-0905-FD-280, 19D01-1201-FD-57

                                    December 12, 2012

               MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

DARDEN, Senior Judge
                             STATEMENT OF THE CASE

       Christopher Merder appeals the sentence he received for his convictions of

possession of paraphernalia, a Class A misdemeanor, Ind. Code § 35-48-4-8.3 (2003),

and possession of a synthetic cannabinoid, a Class D felony, Ind. Code § 35-48-4-11

(2011).

       We affirm in part and reverse and remand in part.

                                          ISSUE

       Merder presents one issue for our review, which we restate as: whether the trial

court erroneously denied him credit time to which he is entitled.

                        FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       On May 1, 2009, the charge of possession of paraphernalia was filed against

Merder in Dubois County, Indiana under cause number 19D01-0905-FD-280 (“Cause

280”) along with a warrant for his arrest. At some point thereafter in May 2009, Merder

was jailed in Kentucky. While in jail in Kentucky, Merder was read the Indiana warrant,

and on May 7, 2009, he waived extradition to Indiana. Subsequently, on August 6, 2009,

the Dubois County Sheriff was informed by officials in Louisville, Kentucky that Merder

was ready to be picked up. On August 14, 2009, Merder was booked into the Dubois

County Jail.

       On January 24, 2012, under cause number 19D01-1201-FD-57 (“Cause 57”),

Merder was charged with possession of a synthetic cannabinoid, a Class A misdemeanor,

and possession of paraphernalia, a Class A misdemeanor. The State also filed a notice of

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intent to seek an enhanced penalty as to both charges. On March 5, 2012, Merder

pleaded guilty pursuant to a plea agreement to possession of paraphernalia, a Class A

misdemeanor, in Cause 280 and possession of a synthetic cannabinoid, a Class D felony,

in Cause 57. He was then sentenced on April 4, 2012 to 270 days, with credit for time

served of 95 days, in Cause 280 and 365 days in Cause 57, to be served consecutive to his

sentence in Cause 280. It is from this sentence that he now appeals.

                              DISCUSSION AND DECISION

       Merder contends that he was denied pretrial credit time to which he is entitled.

According to Merder, he is due credit toward his Indiana sentence for the time he served

in jail in Kentucky between his waiver of extradition to Indiana and his return to Indiana.

The State argues that Merder has waived this issue by failing to object at the sentencing

hearing to the trial court’s determination of his credit time.

       At the sentencing hearing, Merder requested credit for the time he served in

Kentucky from May to August 2009. The trial court declined to credit that time and

proceeded to sentence him. Merder failed to object to the sentence even when the court

asked if there was anything else. Generally, failure to object to error in a proceeding, and

thus properly preserve an issue for appeal, results in waiver. Groves v. State, 823 N.E.2d

1229, 1232 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005). However, we may address an unpreserved error when

we determine the trial court committed fundamental error. Id. An improper sentence

constitutes fundamental error and cannot be ignored on appeal. Id. Thus, we address

Merder’s argument.

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       Merder is requesting credit for the time he spent in jail in Kentucky between his

waiver of extradition to Indiana on May 7, 2009 and his transport back to Indiana on

August 14, 2009. The documents on appeal show that Merder waived extradition to

Indiana on May 7, 2009 while jailed in Kentucky. A fax from the prosecutor’s office in

Louisville, Kentucky to the sheriff of Dubois County, Indiana shows that as of August 6,

2009, Merder was available to Indiana authorities for transport back to Indiana. In

addition, the documents indicate that Merder had been the subject of a grand jury

investigation in Kentucky and had been released by the grand jury judge as of August 6,

2009. Subsequently, Merder was booked into the jail in Dubois County, Indiana on

August 14, 2009.

       We recognize that Indiana Code section 35-50-6-3(a) (2008) provides that “[a]

person assigned to Class I [credit time] earns one (1) day of credit time for each day the

person is imprisoned for a crime or confined awaiting trial or sentencing.” Thus, trial

courts do not have discretion in granting or denying pre-sentence jail credit time, as it is a

matter of statutory right, not a matter of judicial discretion. Williams v. State, 759 N.E.2d

661, 664 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). Yet, determination of a defendant’s pretrial credit is

dependent upon (1) pretrial confinement, and (2) the pretrial confinement being a result

of the criminal charge for which sentence is being imposed. Hall v. State, 944 N.E.2d

538, 542 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), trans. denied.          Stated another way, each court is

responsible only for crediting the time in confinement that was a result of the charge for

                                              4
which that court is sentencing the defendant. Carneal v. State, 859 N.E.2d 1255, 1258

(Ind. Ct. App. 2007), trans. denied.

       Here, Merder concedes that he was jailed in Kentucky but asserts that because he

was released without being charged, the time he spent in jail was not applied to any

sentence. Therefore, he argues the time he spent in jail in Kentucky should be credited

toward his sentence in Indiana. However, Merder ignores the fact that he was jailed in

Kentucky awaiting a grand jury inquiry and that it was not until August 6, 2009 that the

grand jury judge released him. Therefore, we are presented with no evidence showing

that Merder was being held in Kentucky on the Indiana warrant any time prior to August

6, 2009.

       It is the appellant’s duty to present an adequate record clearly showing the alleged

error, and, where the appellant fails to fulfill this burden, the issue is deemed waived.

Thompson v. State, 761 N.E.2d 467, 471 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002) (holding that appellant

waived claim that he was entitled to more credit for time served than that granted by trial

court where he failed to present appellate court with sufficient information to determine

credit he should have received); see also Brattain v. State, 777 N.E.2d 774, 776 (Ind. Ct.

App. 2002) (holding that defendant failed to present documentation to trial court showing

he was entitled to credit time and that he failed to present adequate record on appeal

showing that trial court erred by denying his request for credit time). Thus, due to his

failure to meet his burden of establishing his entitlement to credit time, Merder has

waived this argument for any time he spent in jail in Kentucky prior to August 6, 2009.

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       Nevertheless, based upon the documentation presented by Merder, we conclude

that he is entitled to pretrial credit for the period from August 6, 2009 to August 14, 2009.

As noted above, the fax from the authorities in Louisville, Kentucky shows that Merder

was released from any hold by them on August 6, 2009. Further, the certified copy of the

CCS in Cause 280 contains an entry on August 20, 2009 that states: “DCSD ADVISES

DEFT WAS BOOKED IN ON 8/14/09.”                  Appellant’s App. p. 2.       We believe this

information is sufficient to show that during the period of August 6, 2009 to August 14,

2009, Merder was held as a result of the charges in Cause 280. Therefore, Merder is

entitled to pretrial credit for that time. See Carneal, 859 N.E.2d at 1258.

                                       CONCLUSION

       For the reasons stated, we conclude that Merder is entitled to pretrial credit only

from August 6, 2009 to August 14, 2009.

       Affirmed in part and reversed and remanded in part for application of pretrial

credit consistent with this opinion.

NAJAM, J., and RILEY, J., concur.

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