Court Opinion

ID: 4217726
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-11-03 18:15:33.485721+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:15:33.187840
License: Public Domain

J-S61032-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: L.L.D., A MINOR :          IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                    :                PENNSYLVANIA
                                    :
APPEAL OF: J.B., FATHER             :
                                    :               No. 1756 EDA 2017

                    Appeal from the Decree May 10, 2017,
             in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
                Family Court at Nos.: CP-51-AP-0000142-2016
                           CP-51-DP-0000378-2015

BEFORE: LAZARUS, RANSOM, AND PLATT, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.:                        FILED NOVEMBER 03, 2017

       J.B. (Father) appeals from the decree of the Court of Common Pleas of

Philadelphia (trial court), entered on May 10, 2017, that involuntarily

terminated his parental rights to his son, L.L.D. (Child) (born 2/15), and

changed Child’s goal to adoption.1    Father’s attorney has filed a motion to

withdraw as counsel and a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S.
738 (1967). We affirm the trial court’s decree, and grant counsel’s motion.

       On February 11, 2015, Philadelphia’s Department of Human Services

(DHS) received a general protective services report (GPS) alleging that Child

tested positive for marijuana at birth. On February 17, 2015, when Child was

to be discharged from the hospital, and after DHS had determined that Mother

   Retired Senior Judge assigned to Superior Court.

1 The trial court also terminated the parental rights of Child’s mother, L.A.W.-
D. (Mother). Mother did not appeal that termination.
J-S61032-17

was unable to care for Child, DHS obtained an order of protective custody

(OPC) and placed Child in foster care.

      DHS filed its petition to terminate Father’s parental rights on February

16, 2016. The trial court held a hearing on DHS’ petition on May 10, 2017.

Testifying at that hearing were Wordsworth Community Umbrella Agency

(CUA) case managers Stefanie Lofton and Lisa Santiful.

      Bridget Warner, counsel for DHS, began the hearing by presenting the

results of genetic testing that demonstrated that J.B. is Child’s biological

father. (See N.T. Hearing, 5/10/17, at 4-5).

      CUA case manager, Stefanie Lofton, testified she was Child’s case

manager from February of 2015 to July of 2016. She noted that Child came

directly into DHS’ care from the hospital at birth because he had marijuana in

his system. (See id. at 6). Ms. Lofton testified she made several attempts

to contact Father by mailing letters to two addresses that she was given by

Father’s niece, but that he never contacted her. She finally met Father in

March 2016 when he appeared in court and requested a paternity test.

Father’s objective at the time was to establish a relationship with Child through

weekly visitations every Thursday for two hours. Father attended only two

visits during the period she was supervising, May 14, 2016, and June 18,

2016. (See id. at 7-9). According to Ms. Lofton, Child did not bond with

Father during those visits. Child did not want Father to pick him up and would

cry when Father even came close to him.

                                      -2-
J-S61032-17

      Ms. Lofton visited Father in his one-bedroom apartment and told him

that he would have to obtain a two-bedroom to accommodate Child. At that

time, Father provided documentation of his employment. (See id. at 10).

      Ms. Lofton testified Child has bonded with his pre-adoptive foster

parents. Child calls his foster mother “Mom,” and is very attached to her.

Child is also attached to his foster siblings. Ms. Lofton opined that it was in

Child’s best interests that Father’s parental rights be terminated because

Father was not responsive to bonding with Child. Father made excuses why

he could not visit and, even though he had Child’s foster parents’ phone

number, Father would not call them or respond to calls. Father never asked

about Child’s medical appointments or about how he was developing. (See

id. at 10-12). Ms. Lofton recalled that Father had also visited with Child two

times in 2017, once in March and once in April, but that he had missed twenty-

five visits altogether. (See id. at 12-13).

      Lisa Santiful, Child’s current CUA case manager, testified she last saw

Child on May 5, 2017 and that he was safe and all his needs were being met.

She testified that Child is bonded with his foster mother and has good

interaction with his foster siblings. Ms. Santiful testified that she calls Father

but gets no response.     She opined it would be in Child’s best interests if

Father’s parental rights were terminated because he has no bond with Father.

(See id. at 16-18).

                                      -3-
J-S61032-17

      The trial court entered its decree terminating Father’s parental rights

pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2511(a)(1), (2), and (b) on May 10, 2017.2

Father filed his notice of appeal and concise statement of errors complained

of on appeal on June 1, 2017. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i). The trial court

entered an opinion on June 27, 2017. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(ii).

      On July 19, 2017, Father’s attorney filed an application to withdraw as

counsel and an Anders brief in which he raised the following questions:

      1.     Whether there is anything in the record that might arguably
      support the appeal that obviates a conclusion that the appeal is
      frivolous?

      2.    Whether the trial court erred by terminating the parental
      rights of [Father] under 23 Pa.C.S.A. §[]2511(a)(1)?

      3.    Whether the trial court erred by terminating the parental
      rights of [Father] under 23 Pa.C.S.A. §[]2511(a)(2)?

      4.    Whether the trial court erred by terminating the parental
      rights of [Father] under 23 Pa.C.S.A. §[]2511(a)(5)?

      5.    Whether the trial court erred by terminating the parental
      rights of [Father] under 23 Pa.C.S.A. §[]2511(a)(8)?

      6.    Whether the trial court erred by terminating the parental
      rights of [Father] under 23 Pa.C.S.A. §[]2511(b)?

(Anders Brief, at 5) (unnecessary capitalization omitted).

2 The decree entered May 10, 2017, lists subsections (a)(1), (2), (5), and (8)
as the bases for termination. (See Order, 5/10/17). In its opinion issued on
June 27, 2017, however, the trial court states: “Father’s parental rights were
terminated based only on 23 Pa.C.S.A. §[]2511(a)(1), and (2). Father never
provided care for the Child and the Child was not removed from his care,
therefore, [sections (a)(5) and (8)] are not applicable.” (Trial Court Opinion,
6/27/17, at 16).

                                     -4-
J-S61032-17

     Our standard of review is as follows:

           In an appeal from an order terminating parental rights, our
     scope of review is comprehensive: we consider all the evidence
     presented as well as the trial court’s factual findings and legal
     conclusions. However, our standard of review is narrow: we will
     reverse the trial court’s order only if we conclude that the trial
     court abused its discretion, made an error of law, or lacked
     competent evidence to support its findings. The trial judge’s
     decision is entitled to the same deference as a jury verdict.

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).

     Further, we have stated:

           Where the hearing court’s findings are supported by
     competent evidence of record, we must affirm the hearing court
     even though the record could support an opposite result.
            We are bound by the findings of the trial court which have
     adequate support in the record so long as the findings do not
     evidence capricious disregard for competent and credible
     evidence. The trial court is free to believe all, part, or none of the
     evidence presented, and is likewise free to make all credibility
     determinations and resolve conflicts in the evidence. Though we
     are not bound by the trial court’s inferences and deductions, we
     may reject its conclusions only if they involve errors of law or are
     clearly unreasonable in light of the trial court’s sustainable
     findings.

In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citations omitted).

     We note our standard of review of a change of goal:

     When we review a trial court’s order to change the placement goal
     for a dependent child to adoption, our standard is abuse of
     discretion. In order to conclude that the trial court abused its
     discretion, we must determine that the court’s judgment was
     manifestly unreasonable, that the court did not apply the law, or
     that the court’s action was a result of partiality, prejudice, bias or
     ill will, as shown by the record.

                                     -5-
J-S61032-17

In the Interest of S.G., 922 A.2d 943, 946 (Pa. Super. 2007).3

     Here, as noted, the trial court terminated Father’s parental rights

pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2511(a)(1), (2) and (b). In order to affirm the

termination of parental rights, this Court need only agree with any one

subsection of Section 2511(a). See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa.

Super. 2004) (en banc), appeal denied, 863 A.2d 1141 (Pa. 2004). Requests

to have a natural parent’s parental rights terminated are governed by 23

Pa.C.S.A. § 2511, which provides, in pertinent part:

     § 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination

     (a) General rule.—The rights of a parent in regard to a child may
     be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
     grounds:

        (1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least
        six months immediately preceding the filing of the petition
        either has evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing
        parental claim to a child or has refused or failed to perform
        parental duties.

                                *    *    *

     (b) Other considerations.—The court in terminating the rights
     of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental,
     physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights
     of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of
     environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings,
     income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the
     control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant
     to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any
     efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions described therein

3 Father has waived any challenge to the change of permanency goal to
adoption by his failure to raise the issue in his concise statement and in the
statement of questions involved portion of his brief. See Krebs v. United
Refining Company of Pennsylvania, 893 A.2d 776, 797 (Pa. Super. 2006).

                                    -6-
J-S61032-17

      which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the
      filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (b).

      It is well-settled that a party seeking termination of a parent’s rights

bears the burden of proving the grounds to so do by “clear and convincing

evidence,” a standard which requires evidence that is “so clear, direct,

weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear

conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” In re

T.F., 847 A.2d 738, 742 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citations omitted). Further,

      A parent must utilize all available resources to preserve the
      parental relationship, and must exercise reasonable firmness in
      resisting obstacles placed in the path of maintaining the parent-
      child relationship. Parental rights are not preserved by waiting for
      a more suitable or convenient time to perform one’s parental
      responsibilities while others provide the child with his or her
      physical and emotional needs.

In the Interest of K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 759 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation

omitted).

      To terminate parental rights pursuant to section 2511(a)(1), the person

or agency seeking termination must demonstrate through clear and

convincing evidence that, for a period of at least six months prior to the filing

of the petition, the parent’s conduct demonstrates a settled purpose to

relinquish parental rights or that the parent has refused or failed to perform

parental duties. See In re Adoption of M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1272 (Pa.

Super. 2003).

      With respect to subsection 2511(a)(1), our Supreme Court has held:

                                      -7-
J-S61032-17

      Once the evidence establishes a failure to perform parental duties
      or a settled purpose of relinquishing parental rights, the court
      must engage in three lines of inquiry: (1) the parent’s explanation
      for his or her conduct; (2) the post-abandonment contact between
      parent and child; and (3) consideration of the effect of termination
      of parental rights on the child pursuant to Section 2511(b).

Matter of Adoption of Charles E.D.M., II, 708 A.2d 88, 92 (Pa. 1998)

(citation omitted). Further,

      the trial court must consider the whole history of a given case and
      not mechanically apply the six-month statutory provision. The
      court must examine the individual circumstances of each case and
      consider all explanations offered by the parent facing termination
      of his or her parental rights, to determine if the evidence, in light
      of the totality of the circumstances, clearly warrants the
      involuntary termination.

In re B.,N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 854-55 (Pa. Super. 2004), appeal denied, 872
A.2d 1200 (Pa. 2005) (citations omitted).

      The Adoption Act provides that a trial court “shall give primary

consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare

of the child.”   23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b).     The Act does not make specific

reference to an evaluation of the bond between parent and child but our case

law requires the evaluation of any such bond. See In re E.M., 620 A.2d 481,

485 (Pa. 1993).    However, this Court has held that the trial court is not

required by statute or precedent to order a formal bonding evaluation

performed by an expert. See In re K.K.R.-S., 958 A.2d 529, 533 (Pa. Super.

2008).

                                      -8-
J-S61032-17

      Before we begin our analysis, we must dispose of the motion to withdraw

filed by Father’s counsel, Attorney Andre Martino.

      Pursuant to Anders, when counsel believes an appeal is frivolous and

wishes to withdraw representation, he or she must do the following:

      (1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that after
      making a conscientious examination of the record . . ., counsel
      has determined the appeal would be frivolous;

      (2) file a brief referring to anything that might arguably support
      the appeal . . .; and

      (3) furnish a copy of the brief to [the parent] and advise him of
      his right to retain new counsel, proceed pro se, or raise any
      additional points he deems worthy of the court’s attention.

In re S.M.B., 856 A.2d 1235, 1237 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation and emphasis

omitted).

      In In re V.E., 611 A.2d 1267, 1274-75 (Pa. Super. 1992), this Court

extended the Anders principles to appeals involving the termination of

parental rights.   “When considering an Anders brief, this Court may not

review the merits of the underlying issues until we address counsel’s request

to withdraw.” In re S.M.B., supra at 1237.

      In Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009), our

Supreme Court addressed the second requirement of Anders, i.e., the

contents of an Anders brief, and required that it:

            (1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts,
            with citations to the record;

            (2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes
            arguably supports the appeal;

                                    -9-
J-S61032-17

            (3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is
            frivolous; and

            (4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is
            frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
            record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that
            have led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.

Santiago, supra at 361. “After an appellate court receives an Anders brief

and is satisfied that counsel has complied with the aforementioned

requirements, the Court then must undertake an independent examination of

the record to determine whether the appeal is wholly frivolous.” In re S.M.B.,

supra at 1237 (citation omitted).

      With respect to the third requirement of Anders, that counsel inform

the parent of his or her rights in light of counsel’s withdrawal, this Court has

held that counsel must “attach to their petition to withdraw a copy of the letter

sent to their client advising him or her of their rights.” Commonwealth v.

Millisock, 873 A.2d 748, 752 (Pa. Super. 2005).

      Instantly, Father’s attorney, in his motion to withdraw as counsel, has

stated that he has made a conscientious review of the record, concluded that

his client’s appeal is wholly frivolous, and stated the reasons for his conclusion.

In addition, he timely mailed his client: (1) a copy of his petition to withdraw;

(2) a copy of his Anders brief; and (3) a letter advising his client of his rights

to proceed pro se or to retain private counsel, and to raise any additional

issues that they deem worthy of consideration. Counsel has filed the required

Anders brief in this Court setting forth the issues he believes might arguably

                                      - 10 -
J-S61032-17

support his client’s appeal.    Thus, counsel for Father has satisfied the

procedural requirements of Anders and we will conduct an independent

review to determine if the appeal is wholly frivolous.

      On appeal, Father challenges the trial court’s determination that DHS

established the grounds for termination. Upon review, we conclude that the

trial court did not abuse its discretion when it terminated Father’s parental

rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1). The testimony of Ms. Lofton

and Ms. Santiful demonstrate that Father has spent approximately eight hours

in Child’s presence since Child was born, and that Father has made no effort

to be a parent to Child beyond attending four out of some twenty-five

scheduled visits with Child.   Father has not shown any interest in Child’s

health, education, or development.      He has not contacted Child’s foster

parents and has not responded to calls from Child’s case managers. Father

has clearly refused or failed to perform his parental duties and the trial court

did not err or abuse its discretion when it terminated his parental rights.

      The termination of Father’s parental rights is in Child’s best interests.

Child’s caseworkers testified that Child is bonded with his stepparents and

stepsiblings and that all of his needs are being met within that pre-adoptive

family. Their testimony makes it clear that there is not only no bond between

Father and Child, but that Child is actually upset to be in Father’s presence.

The trial court did not err or abuse its discretion when it terminated Father’s

parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b).

                                     - 11 -
J-S61032-17

      Finally, our review of the record reveals that the trial court did not abuse

its discretion in changing Child’s goal to adoption because adoption is clearly

in his best interests.4 See S.G., supra at 946. Therefore, based on our own

independent review of the record, we conclude that this appeal is “wholly

frivolous.” In re S.M.B., supra at 1237.

      Accordingly, we affirm the decree of the Court of Common Pleas of

Philadelphia County, entered May 10, 2017, that terminated Father’s parental

rights and changed Child’s goal to adoption.

      Decree affirmed. Motion to withdraw as counsel granted.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/3/2017

4 Although Father waived any argument as to the goal change, we will review
the sufficiency of the evidence to support the order as part of our independent
review of counsel’s motion to withdraw. See In re S.M.B., supra at 1237.

                                     - 12 -