Court Opinion

ID: 623661
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2012-02-28 01:01:52+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:51:04.945815
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                                                     Feb 27, 2012
                           NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                                               LEONARD GREEN, Clerk
                                   File Name: 12a0227n.06

                                                 No. 10-5453

                              UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                   FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

UNIFORM MASTERS, aka Mechanics                             )
Laundry,                                                   )
                                                           )
        Plaintiff-Appellant,                               )
                                                           )
v.                                                         )    ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
                                                           )    STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
MCKESSON CORPORATION,                                      )    WESTERN DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE
                                                           )
        Defendant-Appellee.                                )
                                                           )
                                                           )

BEFORE:          MERRITT and COOK, Circuit Judges; COX, District Judge*

        MERRITT, Circuit Judge. In this diversity case, Magistrate Judge Diane Vescovo tried

the issues without a jury by consent of the parties and ruled that the defendant, McKesson

Corporation, had not breached its contract with plaintiff, Uniform Masters, for the rental of employee

uniforms and clothing but had properly terminated the contract in accordance with its terms because

plaintiff had furnished dirty uniforms. There are three basic issues on appeal: (1) whether the

Magistrate Judge should have recused herself from the case under 28 U.S.C. § 455; (2) whether the

evidence supported the verdict; and (3) whether plaintiff was entitled to an allowance under the

contract for the depreciation in the value of the rented clothing.

        *
          The Honorable Sean F. Cox, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of M ichigan, sitting by
designation.
No. 10-5453
Uniform Masters v. McKesson Corp.

                                              RECUSAL

        Except for the fact that plaintiff expressly and specifically waived recusal, the Magistrate

Judge may well have been required to recuse herself under § 455 both because her stepson works

for the law firm representing defendant and because her husband was previously represented by an

insurance company who hired one of the defendant’s lawyers to represent her husband during a two-

month period shortly before this case was tried. The problem with this assignment of error, however,

is that the Magistrate Judge fully disclosed all of the facts concerning the conflict of interest and

plaintiff waived the conflict of interest. The Magistrate Judge accepted the waiver. Neither of the

two conflicts constitutes mandatory, non-waivable conflict requiring recusal. Since the plaintiff

waived the issue and stated in open court that it did not seek recusal, the issue was not preserved for

appeal. Plaintiff invited the court to rule as it did.

                                         THE CONTRACT

        McKesson, as a pharmaceutical repackaging facility, was governed by an FDA regulation,

21 C.F.R. 211.28, as follows:

        Personnel engaged in the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug
        product shall wear clean clothing appropriate for the duties they perform. Protective
        apparel, such as head, face, hand, and arm coverings shall be worn as necessary to
        protect drug products from contamination.

        The parties entered into a two-year contract in 2002, and a new agreement in 2005, as found

by the Magistrate Judge:

        Uniform Masters and McKesson reached an agreement in 2005 to enter into a new
        agreement to replace the Original Agreement. On or around September 2, 2005,
        McKesson and Uniform Masters entered into the Service Rental Agreement which
        was prepared by Uniform Masters. (Ex. 1.) Under the Service Rental Agreement,

                                                   -2-
No. 10-5453
Uniform Masters v. McKesson Corp.

        Uniform Masters was to provide lab coats, floor mats, and other items (“Rental
        Articles”) to McKesson for a period of sixty (60) months from the date of first
        delivery. The first delivery was made on or about October 24, 2005.
        ....

The parties agree that the new agreement had a cancellation clause as follows:

        Should Customer [McKesson] be dissatisfied with the service of Supplier, Customer
        may immediately give written notice via registered mail of the reasons to Supplier.
        If after 60 days the supplier fails to correct the problem, Customer may terminate this
        agreement by giving Supplier 30 days written notice of cancellation.

McKesson gave notice under this clause of cancellation because it concluded that the plaintiff was

delivering dirty lab coats and other items to it on a weekly basis and had not remedied the breach

after notice both in writing and orally in conversations between officials of the two companies. The

issue for trial before the Magistrate Judge was whether plaintiff had continued to deliver dirty

uniforms and other items after notice. Each side called witnesses, and the Magistrate Judge made

detailed findings of fact. She concluded, based on photographs showing dirty lab coats and the

unrebutted testimony of Dale Barnes, the operations manager for McKesson, and John Tate, the

assistant purchasing agent for McKesson, that the plaintiff continued to deliver unacceptable coats

after notice. We do not find the findings of fact to be clearly erroneous. The testimony of Barnes

and Tate supports the verdict.

                                             DAMAGES

        As to the failure of the Magistrate Judge to assess damages correctly, the complete statement

of plaintiff-appellant in its brief on the subject is as follows:

                                                   -3-
No. 10-5453
Uniform Masters v. McKesson Corp.

               C.      Whether the Trial court erred by requiring the plaintiff to utilize
                       an inappropriate method of proving damages.

              The trial court erred in ruling that the plaintiff failed to correctly utilize an
       appropriate method of proving damages.

               No objection was interposed by the defendant/appellee to the numbers and the
       method used by the plaintiff and were therefore waived. The numbers and method
       utilized were clearly considered as usual in the industry, consistent with the
       testimony of the President of the plaintiff (See Appendix #5, 56), who was not cross
       examined on said testimony. Clearly, the trial judge attempted to impeach the
       testimony of the appellee/plaintiff’s president. That is inappropriate conduct.

Without more, it is difficult to follow plaintiff’s argument. In light of the failure of plaintiff to

itemize or explain with specificity a coherent theory of its damages, we agree with the Magistrate

Judge that any damages suffered by plaintiff are too indefinite and speculative to justify an award:

                The remaining question is whether McKesson is obligated, pursuant to the
       two Additions to Current Garment Agreement, to repurchase the special order
       garments upon cancellation of the Service Rental Agreement, and, if so, the cost of
       repurchase. The two “Additions” require McKesson to purchase the special order
       garments if McKesson “terminates or reduces service.” McKesson argues that
       Paragraph 4 of the Service Rental Agreement controls which requires McKesson to
       only pay for rental articles not returned to Uniform Masters at the time any service
       is discontinued. Because McKesson returned all the lab coats in usable condition,
       it contends it owes Uniform Masters nothing.
       ....
                McKesson argues that the invoice dated September 3, 2007 does not
       accurately reflect the true depreciated cost of the special ordered garments because
       the Additions require Uniform Masters to depreciate each item individually at the
       rate of 2.5% per month. The court agrees. A thirty percent depreciation on every lab
       coat is equivalent to a 24 month depreciation of every lab coat at 2.5% per month,
       which means that every lab coat was two years old. This is inconsistent with the
       testimony of Cain who testified that Uniform Masters replaced a third of the
       McKesson’s lab coats each year. Without additional information, any award of
       damages would be speculative. Because Uniform Masters has failed to prove
       damages with specificity, the court declines to award damages.

                                                 -4-
No. 10-5453
Uniform Masters v. McKesson Corp.

We agree that the plaintiff’s theory and explanation of damages is too incoherent to justify an award.

       Accordingly, the judgment of the Magistrate Judge is affirmed.

                                                 -5-