Court Opinion

ID: 4229766
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-12-18 19:22:44.564334+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:16:12.455412
License: Public Domain

J-S77035-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF                        :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 PENNSYLVANIA                           :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                        :
                                        :
              v.                        :
                                        :
                                        :
 PATRICIA LEIGH STARK                   :
                                        :   No. 219 MDA 2017
                   Appellant

              Appeal from the PCRA Order December 1, 2016
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County Criminal Division at
                      No(s): CP-40-CR-0004275-2006

BEFORE:    BENDER, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.:                   FILED DECEMBER 18, 2017

      Appellant, Patricia Leigh Stark, appeals from the order dismissing her

third petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42

Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-46. Appellant’s court-appointed PCRA counsel, William J.

Watt, III, Esquire, has filed a petition to withdraw as counsel, and an

accompanying “no-merit” brief pursuant to Commonwealth v. Turner, 518
Pa. 491, 544 A.2d 927 (1988), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213

(Pa.Super. 1988) (en banc) (“Turner/Finley”). We grant counsel’s petition

to withdraw and affirm the PCRA court’s order.

      The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows: On December

22, 2006, Appellant entered a guilty plea to the charges of criminal homicide,

criminal homicide of an unborn child, criminal attempt/criminal homicide, two

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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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counts of aggravated assault, and robbery of a motor vehicle.1 On December

22, 2006, she was sentenced to an aggregate of life in prison without parole.

Appellant filed neither post-sentence motions nor a direct appeal.

        On March 22, 2007, Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition. On April 25,

2007, she filed a petition seeking the withdrawal of her previously court-

appointed guilty plea counsel, as well as a petition for the appointment of new

counsel to assist her with the PCRA proceedings. By order entered on May 4,

2007, the PCRA court appointed new counsel to assist Appellant, and

thereafter, PCRA counsel filed a petition indicating that Appellant desired to

withdraw her PCRA petition. Counsel attached thereto a statement, which was

executed by Appellant, indicating that she no longer wished to pursue relief

under the PCRA and her withdrawal was “made knowingly, voluntarily, and

intelligently after consultation with counsel.”      Appellant’s Statement in

Support of Withdrawal of PCRA Petition, dated 7/2/2007. By order entered on

August 28, 2007, the PCRA court granted Appellant leave to withdraw her

PCRA petition.

        On August 21, 2012, Appellant filed a second pro se PCRA petition, and

by order entered on September 4, 2012, the PCRA court appointed counsel to

assist Appellant. On January 18, 2013, the PCRA court provided Appellant

with notice of its intent to dismiss the petition without an evidentiary hearing,

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1   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2603, 901, 2702(a)(1) and (4), and 3702, respectively.

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and on February 19, 2013, the PCRA court denied Appellant’s petition.

Appellant did not file an appeal to this Court.

       On March 23, 2016, Appellant filed a third pro se PCRA petition,2 and on

May 27, 2016, the PCRA court appointed counsel to represent Appellant. On

December 1, 2016, the PCRA court held an evidentiary hearing, and by order

entered on December 1, 2016, the PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s PCRA

petition.

       This timely appeal followed. The PCRA court directed Appellant to file a

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement, counsel filed a statement, and the PCRA court

filed an opinion indicating it dismissed Appellant’s petition on the basis it was

untimely filed. Subsequently, as indicated supra, Appellant’s court-appointed

PCRA counsel filed a petition to withdraw his representation, along with a

Turner/Finley “no-merit” brief.          Additionally, Appellant has filed a pro se

brief with this Court in which she substantially reiterates the same issue

presented in counsel’s Turner/Finley brief. We shall consider Appellant’s pro

se brief along with counsel’s Turner/Finley brief. See Commonwealth v.

Walters, 135 A.3d 589 (Pa.Super. 2016) (indicating that, when conducting

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2 Appellant attached to her PCRA petition a notice of mailing from the prison
dated March 23, 2016. Accordingly, although Appellant’s third PCRA petition
was docketed on March 29, 2016, we shall deem it to have been filed on March
23, 2016, when it was handed to prison authorities. See Commonwealth v.
Wilson, 911 A.2d 942, 944 (Pa.Super. 2006) (recognizing that under the
“prisoner mailbox rule” a document is deemed filed when placed in the hands
of prison authorities for mailing).

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review under Turner/Finley, this Court shall consider the brief filed by

counsel as well as any pro se brief filed by the appellant).

      Preliminarily, we note that “[o]ur standard of review of the denial of

PCRA relief is clear; we are limited to determining whether the PCRA court’s

findings   are    supported   by   the    record   and   without    legal   error.”

Commonwealth v. Wojtaszek, 951 A.2d 1169, 1170 (Pa.Super. 2008)

(quotation and quotation marks omitted).

      Before we proceed to review the merits of the issues presented in PCRA

counsel’s Turner/Finley “no-merit” brief, we must determine whether

counsel has satisfied certain procedural requirements to withdraw his

representation.

      Counsel petitioning to withdraw from PCRA representation...must
      review the case zealously. [PCRA] counsel must then submit a
      “no-merit” letter to the trial court, or brief on appeal to this Court,
      detailing the nature and extent of counsel’s diligent review of the
      case, listing the issues which petitioner wants to have reviewed,
      explaining why and how those issues lack merit, and requesting
      permission to withdraw.

      Counsel must also send to the petitioner: (1) a copy of the “no-
      merit” letter/brief; (2) a copy of counsel’s petition to withdraw;
      and (3) a statement advising petitioner of the right to proceed pro
      se or by new counsel.

      Where counsel submits a petition and no-merit letter that...satisfy
      the technical demands of Turner/Finley, the court—trial court or
      this Court—must then conduct its own review of the merits of the
      case. If the court agrees with counsel that the claims are without
      merit, the court will permit counsel to withdraw and deny relief.

Walters, 135 A.3d at 591 (quotations omitted).

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       Instantly, we determine that PCRA counsel has complied with the

requirements of Turner/Finley.                 Specifically, PCRA counsel’s brief and

petition to withdraw detail the nature and extent of PCRA counsel’s review,

address the claims raised in Appellant’s pro se PCRA petition and at the PCRA

hearing, and determine that the issues lack merit, as well as the PCRA petition

was untimely filed. PCRA counsel indicated that after his own independent

review of the record, he could not identify any meritorious issues that he could

raise on Appellant’s behalf to plead and prove that one of the PCRA timeliness

exceptions applied. Counsel also attached proof that he sent Appellant his

petition to withdraw, along with his Turner/Finley brief.3 As counsel has

substantially complied with the Turner/Finley requirements to withdraw his

representation, we must now determine whether the PCRA court correctly

dismissed Appellant’s PCRA petition as untimely filed. See Walters, supra.

       Pennsylvania law makes it clear that no court has jurisdiction to hear an

untimely PCRA petition. Commonwealth v. Robinson, 575 Pa. 500, 837
A.2d 1157 (2003).        The most recent amendments to the PCRA, effective

January 19, 1996, provide that a PCRA petition, including a second or

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3 Counsel mistakenly indicated in his petition to withdraw that he advised
“Appellant that she has the right to proceed pro se or with the assistance of
privately retained counsel should this [] Court grant the within Petition.”
Counsel’s Petition to Withdraw, filed 6/28/17. In light of this incorrect advice,
by order entered on June 30, 2017, this Court informed Appellant that she
had the right to file a brief pro se or with privately-retained counsel.
Thereafter, Appellant filed a pro se brief in which she substantially reiterates
the arguments presented by counsel in his Turner/Finley brief.

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subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the underlying

judgment becomes final. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). A judgment is deemed

final “at the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the

Supreme Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania,

or at the expiration of the time for seeking review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3).

      The three statutory exceptions to the timeliness provisions in the PCRA

allow for very limited circumstances under which the late filing of a petition

will be excused. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). To invoke an exception, a petition

must allege and the petitioner must prove:

      (i)      the failure to raise a claim previously was the result of
               interference    by    government     officials with    the
               presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution
               or the law of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or
               law of the United States;

      (ii)     the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
               unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
               ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or

      (iii)    the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
               recognized by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after
               the time period provided in this section and has been held
               by that court to apply retroactively.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii).

      “We emphasize that it is the petitioner who bears the burden to allege

and prove that one of the timeliness exceptions applies.” Commonwealth

v. Marshall, 596 Pa. 587, 947 A.2d 714, 719 (2008) (citation omitted).

Moreover, as this Court has often explained, all of the time-bar exceptions are

subject to a separate deadline. Our Supreme Court has held that any petition

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invoking an exception must show due diligence insofar as the petition must

be filed within sixty days of the date the claim could have first been presented.

Commonwealth v. Edmiston, 619 Pa. 549, 65 A.3d 339 (2013). See 42

Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2).

      In the case sub judice, Appellant was sentenced on December 22, 2006,

and she filed neither post-sentence motions nor a direct appeal. Accordingly,

her judgment of sentence became final thirty days thereafter, on Monday,

January 22, 2007, when the time period for filing a direct appeal to this Court

expired. See Pa.R.A.P. 903(a) (providing an appeal to this Court shall be filed

within thirty days after entry of the order from which the appeal is taken); 42

Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3) (setting forth when judgment of sentence becomes

final); 1 Pa.C.S.A. § 1908 (setting forth rules for computation of time). Thus,

Appellant had until January 22, 2008, to file a timely PCRA petition; however,

Appellant filed the instant PCRA petition on March 23, 2016, and therefore, it

is patently untimely under the PCRA.         See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1);

Commonwealth v. Gamboa-Taylor, 562 Pa. 70, 753 A.2d 780 (2000)

(holding a PCRA petition filed more than one year after judgment of sentence

becomes final is untimely and the PCRA court lacks jurisdiction to address the

petition unless the petitioner pleads and proves a statutory exception to the

PCRA time-bar).

      Appellant attempts to invoke the timeliness exception of 42 Pa.C.S.A. §

9545(b)(1)(iii) relating to a new constitutional right that applies retroactively.

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Specifically, Appellant avers that her sentence is illegal under Miller v.

Alabama, 132 S. Ct. 2455 (2012), as made retroactive by Montgomery v.

Louisiana, 136 S. Ct. 718 (2016).

      Assuming, arguendo, Appellant has met the initial sixty-day threshold,

we conclude the dictates of Montgomery/Miller are inapplicable to

Appellant. In Montgomery, the High Court held that its ruling in Miller is to

be given retroactive effect on collateral review. In Miller, the High Court held

that sentencing a juvenile convicted of a homicide offense to mandatory life

imprisonment without parole violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition to

cruel and unusual punishment. Accordingly, such sentences cannot be handed

down unless a judge or jury first considers mitigating circumstances.

      However, the Miller decision applies to only those defendants who were

“under the age of 18 at the time of their crimes.” Miller, 132 S. Ct. at 2460.

Here, counsel and Appellant admit that she was twenty-three years old when

she committed the murder. See PCRA Counsel’s Turner/Finley brief at 6;

Appellant’s Pro Se Brief at 5.    In this regard, the PCRA court noted that

Appellant’s birth date is October 24, 1982, and she committed the murder on

July 31, 2006.   PCRA Court Opinion, filed 3/2/17, at 1, 3.      Therefore, we

conclude the holdings in Montgomery/Miller are not applicable to Appellant.

      Appellant, nevertheless, presents the issue of whether she may invoke

Montgomery/Miller because she was a “technical juvenile,” and she points

to theories regarding immature brain development to support her claim that

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she   is   eligible   for   relief.   Thus,   Appellant   seeks   an   extension   of

Montgomery/Miller to persons convicted of murder who were older at the

time of their crimes than the class of defendants subject to the Miller holding.

However, this Court has previously rejected such an argument. See

Commonwealth v. Furgess, 149 A.3d 90 (Pa.Super. 2016) (holding the

nineteen-year-old       appellant      was     not   entitled     to   relief   under

Miller/Montgomery on collateral review; rejecting argument that he should

be considered a “technical juvenile”).

      In light of the aforementioned, we agree with the PCRA court that

Appellant’s instant PCRA petition is untimely, and she has failed to invoke

successfully any of the timeliness exceptions. Accordingly, we affirm the PCRA

court’s order denying Appellant relief and grant court-appointed PCRA

counsel’s petition to withdraw his representation.

      Petition to Withdraw Granted; Order Affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 12/18/2017

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