Court Opinion

ID: 3045387
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 23:16:22.339052+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:12:26.757554
License: Public Domain

United States Court of Appeals
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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                                     No. 07-3608
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United States of America,               *
                                        *
                  Appellee,             *
                                        * Appeal from the United States District
      v.                                * Court for the Eastern District of
                                        * Arkansas, Western Division
Steve Anthony Ault,                     *
                                        *       [PUBLISHED]
                  Appellant.            *
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                              Submitted: June 11, 2008
                               Filed: September 5, 2008
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Before SMITH and GRUENDER, Circuit Judges, and ROSENBAUM, District
Judge.1
                           ________

PER CURIAM.

       Steve Anthony Ault appeals the sentence imposed by the district court. We
affirm.

      1
        The Honorable James M. Rosenbaum, United States District Judge for the
District of Minnesota, sitting by designation.
I. Background

       After an initial sentence, appeal, and remand, the district court2 sentenced
defendant to 51 months’ imprisonment for possession of a sawed-off shotgun. The
sentence was based in part on defendant’s criminal history category of VI, including
a four point criminal history enhancement for several state misdemeanor convictions.

       Defendant argued against counting the misdemeanors because he had not been
represented by counsel. In two of these misdemeanors, he was sentenced to dollar
fines without imprisonment (paragraphs 23 and 24 of the Presentence Report). In the
other two (paragraphs 26 and 27), defendant waived counsel. In the latter cases,
defendant neglected to pay the assessed fines, resulting in incarceration.

      The district court overruled defendant’s objection and included the convictions
in his criminal history. Defendant appeals, again claiming his uncounseled
misdemeanors should not count toward his criminal history.

II. Analysis

      This Court employs a de novo standard of review when considering challenged
criminal history sentencing enhancements. See United States v. Cook, 356 F.3d 913,
916 (8th Cir. 2004).

       Defendant claims that including the uncounseled misdemeanors in his criminal
history violates the Sixth Amendment. Under the Sixth Amendment, the government

       2
        The Honorable Susan Webber Wright, United States District Judge for the
Eastern District of Arkansas. The Honorable George Howard originally sentenced
defendant to the imprisonment term of 51 months, but passed away before the case
was remanded. After remand, the case was reassigned to Judge Wright.

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must provide counsel for a defendant whose offense leads to actual jail time. See Scott
v. Illinois, 440 U.S. 367, 374 (1979); Alabama v. Shelton, 535 U.S. 654, 662 (2002).
This is sometimes called the “actual imprisonment” rule. See Shelton, id. The rule is
unavailing here.

      In this case, the parties agree defendant pleaded guilty to four state
misdemeanors without benefit of counsel. In each case, he was ordered to pay a fine.
He was never imprisoned in two of the cases, barring application of the “actual
imprisonment” rule. Scott, id. The first two non-imprisonment cases are properly
included in defendant’s criminal history.

       For the other two cases, defendant’s own actions led to his incarceration - he did
not pay the fine. In these cases, defendant’s “actual imprisonment” argument might
appear stronger. But appearances are deceiving, because defendant was not deprived
of counsel - he waived it. Just as one who waives a jury trial and proceeds by plea is
not deprived of his Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial, so is one entitled to counsel
able to waive a lawyer’s services with no constitutional injury. The defendant’s waiver
eliminated any Sixth Amendment violation. Certainly, the defendant spent time in jail,
but this arose from his own failure to pay the fines. Ultimately, the simple fact of non-
payment cannot allow a defendant to erase a properly counted criminal act from his
criminal history.

      Defendant, next, suggests he is entitled to resentencing in light of the Supreme
Court’s recent decisions in Gall v. United States, 128 S. Ct. 586 (2007) and Kimbrough
v. United States, 128 S. Ct. 558 (2007). He is mistaken. Both cases simply emphasized
the sentencing court’s discretion to impose a reasonable sentence. Any suggestion that
the district court did not understand the extent of its discretion is without support in the
record. The district court properly exercised its discretion.

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III. Conclusion

       The district court properly calculated defendant’s criminal history and imposed
a reasonable sentence, as to which we find no flaw. We affirm.
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