Court Opinion

ID: 4069573
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-30 00:40:56.280158+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:32:57.889496
License: Public Domain

AFFIRMED; Opinion Filed May 21, 2015.

                                         S   In The
                                 Court of Appeals
                          Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      No. 05-14-01049-CV

                         ROAL GLOBAL CORPORATION, Appellant
                                         V.
                               CITY OF DALLAS, Appellee

                        On Appeal from the 95th Judicial District Court
                                    Dallas County, Texas
                            Trial Court Cause No. DC-14-00171-D

                               MEMORANDUM OPINION
                            Before Justices Fillmore, Myers, and Evans
                                    Opinion by Justice Myers
        Roal Global Corporation brings this interlocutory appeal from the trial court’s order

granting the City of Dallas’s plea to the jurisdiction on the ground that the City was immune

from suit. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(a)(8) (West 2015) (permitting

interlocutory appeal of order granting or denying governmental unit’s plea to the jurisdiction).

Appellant brings two issues on appeal contending (1) the trial court erred by granting the plea to

the jurisdiction, and (2) the trial court should have allowed appellant to amend its pleading and

name a government official in place of the City. We affirm the trial court’s order granting the

City’s plea to the jurisdiction.

                                        BACKGROUND

        Appellant alleged in its petition that it purchased two properties from the City that the

City had acquired through the foreclosure of tax liens. Subsequently, the City asserted that
appellant owed the outstanding property taxes that had accrued before appellant purchased the

properties. Appellant sued the City and four other governmental entities. 1 Appellant prayed for

declaratory judgment that (a) the City did not properly apply the proceeds from the sale of the

two properties, (b) the City should have applied the money from the sale to the taxes owed by the

previous owners, (c) the City was liable for the property taxes accruing during the time the City

owned or controlled the property, and (d) appellant did not owe any property taxes accruing

before appellant purchased the properties.

          The City answered and filed a plea to the jurisdiction asserting the City was immune

from appellant’s suit. After a hearing, the trial court granted the City’s plea to the jurisdiction

and dismissed appellant’s petition as to the City.

         GOVERNMENTAL IMMUNITY & THE DECLARATORY JUDGMENTS ACT

          In its first issue, appellant contends the trial court erred by granting the City’s plea to the

jurisdiction and determining that appellant’s suit for declaratory judgment was barred by

governmental immunity.

          Governmental immunity deprives a trial court of subject matter jurisdiction.                                     Tex. Dep’t

of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 225–26 (Tex. 2004). Whether a court has

subject matter jurisdiction is a question of law. Id. at 226. A plea to the jurisdiction may

challenge the plaintiff’s pleading, the existence of the jurisdictional facts alleged in the pleading,

or both. Id. Whether a plaintiff has alleged facts that affirmatively demonstrate a trial court’s

subject matter jurisdiction is a question of law reviewed de novo. Id.

          Political subdivisions, like the City, derive governmental immunity from the state’s

sovereign immunity when they perform governmental functions. City of Houston v. Williams,

     1
     Besides the City, appellant also sued Dallas County, Dallas Independent School District, Dallas County Community College, and Parkland
Memorial Hospital.

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353 S.W.3d 128, 134 (Tex. 2011). Governmental entities retain immunity from suit unless the

immunity has been expressly waived by the legislature. Id. Legislative consent for suit must be

“by clear and unambiguous language.” TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 311.034 (West 2013). The

plaintiff must plead facts that affirmatively demonstrate that governmental immunity has been

waived and that the trial court has subject matter jurisdiction. City of Dallas v. Turley, 316
S.W.3d 762, 767 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, pet. denied).

       The Declaratory Judgments Act allows a party to seek a declaration of its rights, status, or

other legal relations under a contract, statute, or ordinance. CIV. PRAC. § 37.004(a) (West 2015).

The Act waives governmental immunity from a claim that a statute or ordinance is invalid. CIV.

PRAC. § 37.006(b); City of El Paso v. Heinrich, 284 S.W.3d 366, 373 n.6 (Tex. 2009); City of

McKinney v. Hank’s Rest. Group, L.P., 412 S.W.3d 102, 112 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.).

However, the Declaratory Judgments Act does not waive the government’s immunity from suit

against claims seeking a declaration of a party’s statutory rights or an interpretation of an

ordinance. Heinrich, 284 S.W.3d at 372–373; Hank’s Rest. Group, 412 S.W.3d at 112. The Act

also does not waive the government’s immunity from a claim that a government officer or

employee violated the law. Heinrich, 284 S.W.3d at 372–73; Hank’s Rest. Group, 412 S.W.3d

at 112. Governmental immunity does not bar a suit for prospective injunctive relief against

government actors in their official capacity for violating the law. See Heinrich, 284 S.W.3d at

373–77; Hank’s Rest. Group, 412 S.W.3d at 112.

       In its brief on appeal, appellant states it seeks a declaration of its rights under a contract.

Appellant’s petition did not allege the existence of a contract. At oral argument of this cause, the

Court asked appellant’s counsel whether appellant was seeking a declaration of its rights under a

contract or a statute. Counsel answered that appellant sought a declaration of its rights under a

statute, namely, section 34.03 of the Texas Tax Code, and asserted that the City failed to

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distribute the proceeds of the sale as required by the tax code. See TEX. TAX CODE ANN. §§

34.02, .03 (West 2015) (governing disposition of proceeds from a tax sale). However, the

Declaratory Judgments Act does not waive the government’s immunity from a plaintiff’s suit

seeking a declaration of the plaintiff’s rights under a statute or a declaration that government

actors violated the law. Hank’s Rest. Group, 412 S.W.3d at 112. Accordingly, we conclude the

trial court did not err by determining appellant’s suit against the City was barred by

governmental immunity and granting the City’s plea to the jurisdiction. We overrule appellant’s

first issue.

        In its second issue, appellant contends the trial court erred by not giving appellant an

opportunity to amend its petition and name a government official in place of the governmental

entity. This case is an interlocutory appeal, and appellant’s suit against the other governmental

entities remains pending in the trial court. When the stay of proceedings in the trial court under

section 51.014(b) of the civil practice and remedies code is lifted, appellant will have the

opportunity to seek to join additional parties or amend its pleadings as the rules of civil

procedure may allow. See City of Dallas v. Turley, 316 S.W.3d 762, 771 n.6 (Tex. App.—Dallas

2010, pet. denied); see also CIV. PRAC. § 51.014(b) (interlocutory appeal under section

51.014(a)(8) stays all proceedings in trial court pending resolution of appeal). We overrule

appellant’s second issue.

                                          CONCLUSION

        We affirm the trial court’s order granting the City’s plea to the jurisdiction.

141049F.P05
                                                       /Lana Myers/
                                                       LANA MYERS
                                                       JUSTICE

                                                 –4–
                                          S
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                         JUDGMENT

ROAL GLOBAL CORPORATION,                              On Appeal from the 95th Judicial District
Appellant                                             Court, Dallas County, Texas
                                                      Trial Court Cause No. DC-14-00171-D.
No. 05-14-01049-CV          V.                        Opinion delivered by Justice Myers. Justices
                                                      Fillmore and Evans participating.
CITY OF DALLAS, Appellee

        In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the order of the trial court granting
the plea to the jurisdiction of appellee City of Dallas is AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that appellee CITY OF DALLAS recover its costs of this appeal from
appellant ROAL GLOBAL CORPORATION.

Judgment entered this 21st day of May, 2015.

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