Court Opinion

ID: 1050949
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 20:12:46.514013+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:35:21.486989
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                           AT NASHVILLE
                            Assigned on Briefs February 11, 2009

             VINCENT ROGER HARRIS v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                 Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Davidson County
                       No. 2005-A-463    Mark J. Fishburn, Jr., Judge

                    No. M2008-01422-CCA-R3-PC - Filed November 5, 2009

Petitioner, Vincent Roger Harris, appeals the dismissal of his post-conviction petition in which
Petitioner alleged that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel in connection with
the entry of his pleas of guilty, and that his guilty pleas were not voluntarily or knowingly entered.
After a thorough review we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.

     Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

THOMAS T. WOODALL, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID H. WELLES and JERRY
L. SMITH , JJ., joined.

David M. Hopkins, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Vincent Roger Harris.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Matthew Bryant Haskell, Assistant Attorney
General; Victor S. Johnson, III, District Attorney General; Katie Miller, Assistant District Attorney
General; and Sarah Davis, Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                             OPINION

I. Background

         Petitioner was indicted for one count of first degree felony murder and one count of
aggravated arson, both Class A felonies. On December 1, 2005, Petitioner entered pleas of guilty
to the lesser included offenses of voluntary manslaughter and arson, both Class C felonies. As part
of the negotiated plea agreement, Petitioner agreed to be sentenced as a Range III, persistent
offender, to consecutive sentences of fifteen years for each conviction, for an effective sentence of
thirty years.

         At the guilty plea submission hearing, the State offered the following factual basis for the
pleas:
       [O]n June the 30th, 2004, [Petitioner] came to the home of John McCullough, who
       was his father-in-law. Mr. McCullough lived at 1116 North Eighth Street here in
       Davidson County. [Petitioner] came to the home at approximately 1:00 a.m., Mr.
       McCullough came to the front door and [Petitioner] threw something on him that
       caused Mr. McCullough to catch on fire, it also caused the house to catch on fire.
       Ms. Sheila Harris, who was the wife of [Petitioner] and her two small sons were in
       the house and were barely able to escape with their lives. Mr. McCullough was
       severely burned over 75 percent of his body. He died on July the 2nd as a result of
       the burns he sustained on June the 30th. He was 75 years old. [Petitioner] had fled
       the scene and was apprehended in Florida and brought back to Tennessee. He
       admitted to setting Mr. McCullough on fire to several individuals.

        At the guilty plea submission hearing, the trial court explained the length of sentence that
would be imposed for each count and that the sentences would be served consecutively. Petitioner
stated that pursuant to the negotiated plea agreement, he understood that he was being sentenced as
a Range III, persistent offender, instead of a Range I, standard offender, and had no objection to the
offender classification. The trial court explained to Petitioner the constitutional rights he was
waiving by entering a plea of guilty, and Petitioner said that he understood the consequences of his
plea. Petitioner acknowledged that he had reviewed the negotiated plea agreement with his trial
counsel, that trial counsel explained the ramifications of his plea, that he understood the
consequences of entering pleas of guilty to the charged offenses, and that he was satisfied with the
assistance provided by trial counsel.

        Petitioner stated that he was currently taking Haldol Decanoate and Zyprexa for his bipolar
condition. Petitioner said that he was diagnosed as bipolar approximately ten years prior to the plea
and he had taken prescription medicine for this condition periodically during the ten-year period.
Petitioner stated that he had been taking Haldol Decanoate and Zyprexa consistently for “a little over
a year.” Petitioner told the trial court that the medicine did not affect his ability to think or
understand. Petitioner denied that he was suffering from any of the symptoms of his bipolar
condition and acknowledged that he felt “clearheaded.” At the conclusion of the guilty plea
submission hearing, the trial court accepted Petitioner’s pleas of guilty and imposed the agreed upon
sentences.

II. Post-Conviction Hearing

        At the post-conviction hearing, Dr. Rokeya S. Farooque, a forensic psychiatrist with the
Middle Tennessee Mental Health Institute, testified that Petitioner was admitted to the Institute on
August 26, 2004, for an in-patient forensic evaluation after he was charged with the current offenses.
Following her evaluation, Dr. Farooque diagnosed Petitioner with Bipolar I disorder. Dr. Farooque,
however, determined that Petitioner understood the charges against him and was competent to stand
trial. Dr. Farooque also concluded that certain circumstances surrounding the commission of the
offenses, such as Petitioner’s delusional belief that the victim was attempting to kill Petitioner by

                                                 -2-
poisoning him, would support an insanity defense. Dr. Farooque recommended that Petitioner be
hospitalized prior to trial to maintain his competency and to continue the psychiatric treatment.

        Petitioner was readmitted to the Institute on December 17, 2004, and remained hospitalized
until he entered his pleas of guilty on December 1, 2005. Dr. Farooque stated that Petitioner was
prescribed Zyprexa twice a day to help control his delusional thoughts. Petitioner also received an
injection of Haldol Decanoate every three weeks to help control different aspects of psychotic
behavior including hallucinations and delusions. Dr. Farooque said that Zyprexa can cause
drowsiness in some patients but that Haldol Decanoate did not have a sedative side effect.

        Dr. Farooque stated that Petitioner responded well to his medication after he was admitted
to the hospital in December 2004. Approximately six months after he was admitted, Petitioner
began meeting with Dr. Farooque, her medical team, and Petitioner’s trial counsel to discuss
Petitioner’s options, the plea bargaining process, the possibility of presenting an insanity defense
should Petitioner choose to go to trial on the charges, and the potential range of sentences. Dr.
Farooque said that Petitioner understood the ramifications of entering pleas of guilty and the terms
of his guilty plea agreement. Dr. Farooque said that these discussions occurred approximately four
times a month for six months. Dr. Farooque stated that Petitioner’s social worker, Rebecca Smith,
also discussed the guilty plea submission procedure with Petitioner.

        Dr. Farooque stated that she left orders for Petitioner to be administered a dose of Zyprexa
on December 1, 2005, before he left for the guilty plea submission hearing, but Petitioner refused
to take the medicine. Petitioner told the nurse that Zyprexa made him feel groggy, and he wanted
to be alert for the hearing.

         On cross-examination, Dr. Farooque stated that although Petitioner displayed delusional
beliefs and acted on those delusions, other circumstances surrounding the commission of the
offenses weighed against the successful presentation of an insanity defense. For example, Dr.
Farooque said that Petitioner’s flight to Florida after the commission of the offenses indicated that
Petitioner appreciated the criminal nature of his conduct and wished to avoid arrest and prosecution
for his conduct. Dr. Farooque reiterated that the presentation of an insanity defense was discussed
with Petitioner prior to the entry of his pleas of guilty. Dr. Farooque said that Petitioner knew that
his trial counsel and the State were working toward a negotiated plea agreement and that Petitioner
was aware that he could be sentenced to life if he was found guilty of first degree felony murder after
a trial.

        Petitioner testified that he did not recall discussing a negotiated plea agreement with either
trial counsel or Dr. Farooque until approximately two months before the guilty plea submission
hearing. Petitioner stated that he met with trial counsel approximately three times while he was
hospitalized at the Middle Tennessee Mental Health Institute. Petitioner said that trial counsel
“briefly” mentioned the possibility of presenting an insanity defense at trial, but trial counsel told
Petitioner that “it was hard to defend it in court.” Petitioner stated, however, that he had previously
been charged with attempted murder and had been found not guilty by reason of insanity.

                                                 -3-
       Petitioner said that Haldol Decanoate was prescribed because he did not want to take his
other medications, and Haldol made him lethargic and sleepy so that he would comply with the
doctor’s orders. Petitioner said that he refused to take Zyprexa on the day of the guilty plea
submission hearing because Zyprexa increased the sleepiness he already was experiencing from the
Haldol injection. Petitioner said that Dr. Farooque’s testimony that Haldol Decanoate did not induce
sleepiness was erroneous. Petitioner insisted that he gained approximately forty pounds because all
he did was “sleep, sleep and eat.”

        Petitioner said that he was groggy during the guilty plea submission hearing because of the
Haldol Decanoate. Petitioner acknowledged that he understood that he was entering pleas of guilty
on December 1, 2005, but he stated that he had no independent recollection of the questions posed
by the trial court during the hearing. Petitioner said that trial counsel advised him to only answer
“yes” or “no.” Petitioner stated that he did not remember signing the negotiated plea agreement.
Petitioner denied that trial counsel read the agreement to him or showed him any paperwork
connected with his case.

       Petitioner stated that he believed he entered pleas of guilty to first degree felony murder and
aggravated arson in exchange for an effective thirty-year sentence. Petitioner said that he did not
find out that he had pled guilty to the lesser offenses of voluntary manslaughter and arson until
approximately one year later because it took that long for the effects of the Haldol Decanoate to wear
off. Petitioner stated that he was prescribed Resperdal in prison instead of Haldol Decanoate and
Zyprexa. Petitioner said that unlike Haldol Decanoate which made him sleep all day, Resperdal did
not cause sleepiness so that he was able to work on his case.

        Petitioner acknowledged that he knew he was facing the possibility of sentences of life and
twenty-five years if convicted of the charged offenses. Petitioner stated, however, that he did not
understand the range classification system used in sentencing. Petitioner acknowledged that he
agreed to serve forty-five percent of his effective sentence before he was eligible for parole, but he
said that he did not know that he had agreed to be sentenced as a Range III, persistent offender.
Petitioner said that if he had known he was classified as a Range I, standard offender, for sentencing
purposes, he would not have agreed to enter pleas of guilty as a Range III, persistent offender.

          Petitioner said that trial counsel told him that an insanity defense would not be successful
at trial because of a change in the law. Petitioner, however, said that the insanity defense was
successful against an earlier attempted murder charge after he “cut a man up with a machete.”
Petitioner said that the trial court in that case committed him to a mental hospital for three years.
Petitioner stated that he was not aware that Dr. Farooque had found support for an insanity defense
until his mother sent him his medical records approximately one year after the entry of his pleas of
guilty. Petitioner said that if he had known that there was evidence supporting an insanity defense,
he would not have entered his pleas of guilty.

         Petitioner stated that if the trial court allowed him to withdraw his pleas of guilty, “a whole
lot of information” would be revealed at trial. Petitioner said that the jury would learn that he had

                                                  -4-
survived the victim’s attempt to poison him with arsenic, that the victim had tried to get Petitioner
to fight with him so the victim could shoot Petitioner, and that the victim had taken a contract out
on Petitioner’s life. Petitioner stated, “There is no way I can explain to [my wife] why I killed her
father, even though now I realize what I did was wrong.” Petitioner said that he believed “[w]e just
live in a society now where some people will push you over the limit.” Petitioner stated, however,
that he “would rather spend his life in the penitentiary than have to back to the mental institution and
be forced to take medications.”

        On cross-examination, Petitioner acknowledged that he was aware that he could be
committed to a mental hospital if he were found not guilty by a jury by reason of insanity. Petitioner,
stated, however, that he did not believe that he would spend the rest of his life in a hospital under
that scenario. Petitioner insisted that he killed the victim because the victim was trying to kill him.
Petitioner maintained, however, that at trial he would rely on the insanity defense instead of arguing
that he acted in self-defense. Petitioner initially said that his wife and children were in no danger
when he set the victim on fire, but then acknowledged that he did not “stop to even think about [his]
wife or children, [he] just wanted [the victim].”

       At the end of his cross-examination, Petitioner said that he would not be granted parole
because he “set a man on fire.” Petitioner stated:

        I have asked my lawyer to ask the State, to keep from having to incur a trial, to allow
        me to plead within my range. Range I for voluntary manslaughter and arson carries
        three to six years. If the State and I can reach an agreement, then I will consider
        pleading within my range, to a Range I, at [thirty] percent. A 12-year sentence or
        something within the Range I. I don’t really want to put my wife or her family
        through a trial, and I just wanted to say that.

         In response to the post-conviction court’s question, Petitioner stated that he agreed to accept
a thirty-year sentence because he believed that if he was convicted after a trial, he faced an effective
sentence of life plus twenty-five years.

        Trial counsel testified that he graduated from law school in 1976 and that the majority of his
career was spent either prosecuting or defending those charged with criminal offenses. Trial counsel
said that he was first appointed to represent Petitioner in 1994 when Petitioner was charged with
attempted murder. After Petitioner was apprehended in Florida in 2004 on the current charges, trial
counsel said that he contacted the Florida sheriff’s department where Petitioner was being held and
informed them that Petitioner was represented by counsel. When Petitioner was returned to
Tennessee, trial counsel met with him at the Davidson County Jail approximately five times before
Petitioner was admitted to the Middle Tennessee Mental Health Institute for a forensic evaluation.

       Trial counsel said that he forwarded information to the Institute concerning the forensic
evaluation performed in 1994 as well as his personal observations about Petitioner which trial
counsel gleaned from their meetings. Trial counsel said that he met with Petitioner between fifteen

                                                  -5-
and twenty times while he was hospitalized. Trial counsel said that he also met with Dr. Farooque
and her medical team twice to discuss issues concerning Petitioner’s competency to stand trial and
the possibility of an insanity defense.

         Trial counsel said that he and Petitioner discussed the issues surrounding his charges, and
trial counsel felt that Petitioner understood the discussions despite taking several medications for his
mental condition. Trial counsel said that he kept the meetings short and went more frequently in
order to ensure that Petitioner understood the issues. Trial counsel stated that Petitioner asked
appropriate questions during these discussions. Trial counsel said that he discussed the plea
negotiations with Petitioner, and the efforts to reach an agreement as to the convicting offenses and
the length of the sentences. Petitioner understood that the State would not allow him to enter pleas
of guilty to the lesser offenses of voluntary manslaughter and arson as a Range I, standard offender.

        Trial counsel said that he also discussed with Petitioner the Institute’s report listing the
factors for and against the possible success of an insanity defense. Trial counsel pointed out that the
report was contradictory in that the medical team concluded in one section that there were factors
that would support an insanity defense but then stated in another section that Petitioner appreciated
the wrongfulness of his conduct. Trial counsel said that he did not believe that Petitioner would
ultimately prevail on an insanity defense.

        Trial counsel said that he and Petitioner discussed the presentation of an insanity defense on
several occasions, particularly in light of the fact that Petitioner had been found not guilty of
attempted murder by reason of insanity in 1994. Trial counsel explained to Petitioner that the
statutory amendments that went into effect in 1995 narrowed the availability of the defense to those
who were unable to appreciate the nature or wrongfulness of their conduct because of a severe
mental disease or defect. In addition, under the 1995 amendments, the defendant had the burden of
proving the defense of insanity by clear and convincing evidence. Based on his review, trial counsel
believed that an insanity defense would ultimately prove unsuccessful.

        On cross-examination, trial counsel acknowledged that Petitioner displayed similar psychotic
behavior in 1994 as in 2004. That is, Petitioner had the delusional belief that the victims of both
offenses were trying to kill him, and Petitioner acted to defend himself. Trial counsel said that he
had observed Petitioner when he was not on medication both in 1994 and again in 2004, and
Petitioner displayed the same type of behavior. Trial counsel said that he did not believe that
Petitioner was initially competent to stand trial. Trial counsel said that after Petitioner began taking
the prescribed medication, however, his thought processes became more orderly and his speech
pattern more controlled, although Petitioner continued to maintain the belief that his father-in-law
had tried to poison him.

        Trial counsel said that he shared the medical staff’s conference report and evaluation with
Petitioner and on several occasions discussed the reasons why trial counsel believed an insanity
defense would not ultimately be successful. Trial counsel also shared the State’s evidence with
Petitioner and discussed the concept of range classifications. Trial counsel said that the State

                                                  -6-
initially offered to settle the charges for an effective sentence of thirty years with a one hundred
percent eligibility release date. Trial counsel said that he made a counter offer based on the Range
III offender classification in an effort to reach a compromise on the length of the sentence. Trial
counsel said that according to his case notes which were introduced as an exhibit at the hearing, trial
counsel discussed with Petitioner on September 21, 2005, the possibility of entering pleas of guilty
to voluntary manslaughter and arson for consecutive fifteen-year sentences “at 45% out of range.”
Trial counsel said that he noted, “[Petitioner] is interested.” Trial counsel also recollected discussing
the concept of diminished capacity with Petitioner as well as the possibility of being convicted of
a lesser included offense.

         Trial counsel acknowledged that the trial court’s statement during the guilty plea submission
hearing that Petitioner could be sentenced to twenty-five years for a Class C felony was incorrect.
Trial counsel stated that he probably did not hear that statement because he would have corrected
the trial court if he had.

III. Standard of Review

        To succeed on a challenge of ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner bears the burden
of establishing the allegations set forth in the petition by clear and convincing evidence. T.C.A. §
40-30-210(f). However, the trial court's application of the law to the facts is reviewed de novo,
without a presumption of correctness. Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001). A claim
that counsel rendered ineffective assistance is a mixed question of fact and law and therefore also
subject to de novo review. Id.; State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999).

        When a petitioner seeks post-conviction relief on the basis of ineffective assistance of
counsel, he or she must establish that counsel's performance fell below “the range of competence
demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.” Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975). In
addition, he or she must show that counsel's ineffective performance actually adversely impacted his
defense. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 693, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2067 (1984). In reviewing
counsel's performance, the distortions of hindsight must be avoided, and this Court will not second-
guess counsel's decisions regarding trial strategies and tactics. Hellard v. State, 629 S.W.2d 4, 9
(Tenn. 1982). The reviewing court, therefore, should not conclude that a particular act or omission
by counsel is unreasonable merely because the strategy was unsuccessful. Strickland, 466 U.S. at
689, 104 S. Ct. at 2065. Rather, counsel's alleged errors should be judged from counsel's perspective
at the point of time they were made in light of all the facts and circumstances at that time. Id. at 690,
104 S. Ct. at 2066.

        A petitioner must satisfy both prongs of the Strickland test before he or she may prevail on
a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. See Henley v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 580 (Tenn. 1997).
That is, a petitioner must not only show that his or her counsel's performance fell below acceptable
standards, but that such performance was prejudicial to the petitioner. Id. Failure to satisfy either
prong will result in the denial of relief. Id. Accordingly, this Court need not address one of the
components if the petitioner fails to establish the other. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697, 104 S. Ct. at

                                                  -7-
2069. In cases involving a guilty plea, the petitioner must show prejudice by demonstrating that, but
for counsel's errors, he or she would not have pleaded guilty but would have insisted on going to
trial. See Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 42, 59, 106 S. Ct. 366, 370 (1985); Bankston v. State, 815
S.W.2d 213, 215 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1991).

IV. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

        Petitioner argues that his trial counsel’s assistance before and during the guilty plea
submission process was ineffective because trial counsel failed to share any discovery pertaining to
his case, and failed to advise Petitioner of his options. Specifically, Petitioner contends that he was
unaware that an insanity defense to the charged offenses was available, and that he did not
understand that he could have been sentenced as a Range I, standard offender, if he had been
convicted by a jury.

        Both trial counsel and Dr. Farooque testified that they discussed the possibility of an insanity
defense with Petitioner on numerous occasions. Trial counsel stated that he shared Dr. Farooque’s
final conference report with Petitioner and discussed the factors listed in the report which were
favorable to the success of an insanity defense and those factors which were unfavorable. Trial
counsel said that he explained to Petitioner that the law governing an insanity defense had changed
since Petitioner was found not guilty by reason of insanity of attempted murder in 1994. See State
v. Flake, 88 S.W.3d 540, 550 -551 (Tenn. 2002) (outlining the significant changes in the insanity
defense after the 1995 amendments to T.C.A. § 39-11-501). Trial counsel said that Dr. Farooque
concluded that Petitioner appreciated the wrongfulness of his conduct, and trial counsel advised
Petitioner that he did not believe that an insanity defense would ultimately be successful. Trial
counsel stated at the hearing that he shared with Petitioner the State’s response to the motion for
discovery.

        The post-conviction court found credible the testimony of trial counsel and Dr. Farooque that
Petitioner was fully informed of the pros and cons of pursuing an insanity defense should he choose
to proceed to trial, and that Petitioner was informed about the State’s evidence against him. Based
on our review, we conclude that the evidence does not preponderate against the post-conviction
court’s finding that trial counsel’s assistance in this regard was not deficient.

         Petitioner acknowledged at the post-conviction hearing that he understood that his plea
agreement called for a forty-five percent release eligibility date for his sentences. Petitioner also
acknowledged that while in prison, he read Hicks v. State, 945 S.W.2d 706, 709 (Tenn.1997)
(holding that a plea-bargained Range II sentence is valid when coupled with a Range I release
eligibility) and believed that his sentence was legal. Petitioner argues on appeal, however, that trial
counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel because he did not inform Petitioner that he was
being sentenced as a Range III, persistent offender, instead of a Range I, standard offender.

       Trial counsel testified at the evidentiary hearing that the plea negotiations centered on the
convicting offenses to which Petitioner would enter pleas of guilty and the length of the sentences.

                                                  -8-
Trial counsel said that the State initially offered an effective sentence of thirty years with a 100%
release eligibility date. Trial counsel testified that he explained the various range classifications for
sentencing purposes to Petitioner, and Petitioner was willing to accept an offer that included a 45%
release eligibility date as a Range III, persistent offender.

        At the guilty plea submission hearing, the following colloquy occurred:

        THE COURT:                      I understand you’re going to be pleading guilty in
                                        count one to the lesser included offense of voluntarily
                                        [sic] manslaughter, and in count two to the lesser
                                        included offense of arson. You’re going to be
                                        sentenced in each of those cases to 15 years as a range
                                        three offender at 45 percent. Those sentences will run
                                        consecutively to one another for a total effective
                                        sentence of 30 years as a range three offender 45
                                        percent; is that your understanding, sir, of what you’re
                                        pleading to as well as the actual punishment being
                                        imposed.

        [PETITIONER]:                   Yes, sir.

        THE COURT:                      [Petitioner], I understand that the agreement that you
                                        have reached is calling upon you to enter a plea of
                                        guilty to a sentence beyond that which the law would
                                        allow us to impose in the event that you were found
                                        guilty at the trial. If you had gone [to] trial and found
                                        guilty – is he a range one?

        [DEFENSE COUNSEL]:              (Nodded affirmative).

        THE COURT:                      If you had gone to trial and were found guilty of these
                                        particular offenses, not the ones you’re charged with,
                                        but the ones to which you are pleading, then the
                                        maximum that I could impose under the law would be
                                        25 [sic] years on each of those sentences as a range
                                        one offender at 30 percent. The sentence that you’re
                                        entering the pleas on will be at a 45-percent range
                                        rather than a 30-percent range; do you understand
                                        that?

        [PETITIONER]:                   Yes, sir.

                                                    -9-
        The post-conviction court implicitly found credible trial counsel’s testimony that he informed
Petitioner that the State would not accept his pleas of guilty to lesser included offenses as a Range
I, standard offender. The post-conviction court found that even if Petitioner was unaware that he was
being sentenced as a Range III, persistent offender, Petitioner failed to establish any prejudice.
Petitioner acknowledged that he was aware that the indicted offenses carried potential sentences of
life and twenty-five years, and that he was entering his pleas of guilty to the lesser offenses of
voluntary manslaughter and arson with a forty-five percent release eligibility date instead of a thirty
percent release eligibility date. The post-conviction court found that “the record is replete with
Petitioner’s acknowledgment that he was pleading as a Range III offender.” Based on our review
we conclude that the record supports the post-conviction court’s finding that Petitioner failed to
show that his trial counsel’s assistance was deficient or that he was prejudiced in this regard.
Petitioner is not entitled to relief on this issue.

V. Entry of Guilty Pleas

        When an accused enters a plea of guilty, constitutional considerations mandate that the plea
be voluntarily, understandingly and knowingly entered. See Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243,
89 S. Ct. 1709, 1713 (1969); State v. Mackey, 553 S.W.2d 337 (Tenn. 1997). By entering a plea,
the defendant waives certain constitutional rights including the privilege against self-incrimination,
the right to a trial by jury, and the right to confront witnesses. Boykin, 395 U.S. at 243, 89 S. Ct. at
1714. The defendant's waiver of these constitutional rights may not be presumed from a silent
record. Id. A plea cannot be voluntary if the accused is “incompetent or otherwise not in control
of his mental facilities” at the time the plea is entered. Blankenship v. State, 858 S.W.2d 897, 904-
05 (Tenn. 1993) (quoting Brown v. Perini, 718 F.2d 784, 788 (6th Cir. 1983)). The trial court must
ascertain if the defendant fully understands the significant consequences of his or her plea. State v.
Pettus, 986 S.W.2d 540, 542 (Tenn. 1977). The trial court may consider a number of factors
including the defendant's relative intelligence, his or her familiarity with criminal proceedings,
whether the defendant was represented by competent counsel and had the opportunity to confer with
counsel about options, the advice give by counsel and the trial court about the charges against the
defendant and the penalty to be imposed, and the defendant's reasons for pleading guilty.
Blakenship, 858 S.W.2d at 904.

       Petitioner argues that his pleas of guilty were not knowingly entered into because he was
“heavily medicated” on the day of the guilty plea submission hearing, and the trial court misinformed
him of the maximum punishment for a Class C felony.

        Petitioner contends that he was so groggy on the morning of the hearing that he did not even
recollect the questions posed by the trial court. Dr. Farooque testified that Haldol Decanoate did not
make a patient sleepy or groggy. Although Zyprexa can make a patient feel sleepy, Petitioner
refused to take the scheduled dose of Zyprexa on the morning of the hearing because he wanted to
be “clear headed.” At the guilty plea submission hearing, the following colloquy occurred:

                                                 -10-
       THE COURT:              The medications that you’re taking, are they having any
                               adverse effect on your ability to think and understand clearly
                               and rationally?

       [PETITIONER]:           No.

       THE COURT:              You know what you’re doing and why you’re here?

       [PETITIONER]:           Yes, sir.

       THE COURT:              All right. The underlying mental condition that you have, the
                               bipolar condition, are you currently suffering from any of the
                               symptoms normally related to that particular condition.

       [PETITIONER]:           No.

       THE COURT:              You’re not ready to start climbing the wall?

       [PETITIONER]:           No.

       THE COURT:              Not in a depressed state?

       [PETITIONER]:           No.

       THE COURT:              You feel like you’re clearheaded?

       [PETITIONER]:           Yes.

        The post-conviction court found credible Dr. Farooque’s testimony that Haldol Decanoate
would not have made Petitioner groggy or drowsy on the morning of the guilty plea submission
hearing, and trial counsel’s testimony that, although he believed Petitioner “still had delusional
thinking, [trial counsel] did not believe [Petitioner] was suffering from any delusions that would
interfere with [his] ability to enter his plea.” The trial court thoroughly questioned Petitioner as to
his mental status on the day of the hearing, and Petitioner testified that he was not suffering any
detrimental effects from either his bipolar condition or his medication. The record supports the post-
conviction court’s finding that Petitioner’s medication did not render his guilty pleas involuntary.

        Petitioner argues that his pleas of guilty were not knowingly entered into because the trial
court misinformed him that the maximum sentence for a Class C felony was twenty-five years.
Petitioner contends that he would not have entered his pleas of guilty if he had known that the
maximum sentence for a Class C felony, Range I, standard offender, was six years.

                                                 -11-
        The post-conviction court acknowledged that its statement during the guilty plea submission
hearing that the maximum sentence for a Class C felony, Range I, standard offender was twenty-five
years was erroneous. The post-conviction court, however, found that the petition to enter a plea of
guilty, which was signed by Petitioner, set forth the range of punishment for the offenses of
voluntary manslaughter and arson. The post-conviction court also found that Petitioner testified at
the guilty plea submission hearing that he had read the petition, and that he “fully and completely
under[stood] the contents of the petition.” The post-conviction court found that:

        [a]dditionally, both [trial counsel] and Dr. Farooque testified that the plea agreement
        was discussed in great detail before his court appearance and that [Petitioner] fully
        understood the terms of the plea. Finally, this Court made [Petitioner] aware that the
        sentence being imposed pursuant to the plea agreement was a greater sentence than
        the Court was authorized by law to impose, notwithstanding its incorrect statement
        of the amount of maximum exposure.

        Based on our review, we conclude that the evidence does not preponderate against the trial
court's finding that Petitioner’s guilty pleas were knowing, voluntary, and intelligent. Petitioner is
not entitled to relief on this issue.

                                           CONCLUSION

        After a thorough review, we conclude that the evidence does not preponderate against the
post-conviction court's findings that trial counsel’s assistance was effective and that Petitioner's pleas
of guilty were voluntary and knowing. We, therefore, affirm the judgment of the trial court in
dismissing Petitioner's petition for post-conviction relief.

                                                         ___________________________________
                                                         THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE

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