Court Opinion

ID: 804783
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2012-07-20 14:27:41+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:00:13.599685
License: Public Domain

Case: 11-15956   Date Filed: 07/20/2012   Page: 1 of 12

                                                           [DO NOT PUBLISH]

             IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                     FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

                       ________________________

                             No. 11-15956
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

                    D. C. Docket No. 0:11-md-02222-JIC

ALLISON NELSON, GINA MARTIN,
STUART KAPLAN, et al., on behalf of themselves
and others similarly situated,
                                                            Plaintiffs-Appellees,

SANDRA M. PACK,
                                                      Interested Party-Appellant,

                                   versus

MEAD JOHNSON & JOHNSON COMPANY,
MEAD JOHNSON & COMPANY,
MEAD JOHNSON NUTRITION COMPANY,
MEAD JOHNSON & COMPANY, LLC,
                                                          Defendants-Appellees.

                       ________________________

                Appeals from the United States District Court
                    for the Southern District of Florida
                      _________________________
                              (July 20, 2012)
              Case: 11-15956     Date Filed: 07/20/2012    Page: 2 of 12

Before HULL, MARCUS and BLACK, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

      Appellant Sandra M. Pack objected in the district court to a proposed

settlement of a nationwide class action that alleged misleading and deceptive trade

practices by Defendant Mead Johnson & Johnson Company (“Mead Johnson”).

The district court overruled Pack’s objections and approved the settlement, and

Pack appeals. After review, we affirm.

                       I. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

      To understand the objections, we set forth the history of the class action and

the terms of the settlement agreement.

A. Initial Class Action

      In 2009, Plaintiff Allison Nelson filed a putative class action against Mead

Johnson asserting that it falsely represented that its Enfamil LIPIL was the only

baby formula containing two fatty acids that promote brain and eye development

in infants. Mead Johnson filed a motion to dismiss, which was granted in part and

denied in part.

      After discovery, Nelson moved for class certification. In 2010, following a

hearing, the district court granted the motion and certified a class of all Florida

consumers who purchased Enfamil LIPIL within the applicable statute of

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limitations.

      The parties mediated several times before a court-appointed mediator. On

February 7, 2011, the parties notified the district court that they (1) had executed a

memorandum of understanding to resolve the dispute on a nationwide class basis;

(2) were preparing a stipulation of settlement; and (3) were continuing to mediate

to memorialize formally the settlement terms. The parties noted that the settlement

included several other cases filed around the country.

B. Consolidation of Multidistrict Litigation

      On February 9, 2011, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation

transferred, to the Southern District of Florida, five other Enfamil class actions,

which were consolidated with Nelson’s case.

      On March 15, 2011, with Defendant Mead Johnson’s consent, Plaintiff

Nelson filed an amended class action complaint that established a nationwide class

action and asserted claims under various states’ laws. That same day, Nelson and

Mead Johnson jointly moved for (1) conditional class certification, (2) conditional

designation of Nelson as class representative, (3) appointment of Nelson’s counsel

as lead counsel for the class, (4) preliminary approval of the terms of the parties’

proposed settlement, (5) approval of the forms and methods for providing notice to

class members, and (6) scheduling of a final hearing to approve the settlement.

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C. Settlement Terms

       In the settlement agreement, Mead Johnson consented to certification of a

nationwide class action for purposes of settlement. In exchange for dismissal of

each class member’s claims, Mead Johnson agreed to provide these benefits.

Class members who purchased Enfamil LIPIL for six months or less would

receive, at their option, either $6.00 in cash or one 12.5-ounce container of “Mead

Johnson Product.”1 Class members who purchased Enfamil LIPIL for more than

six months would receive, at their option, either $12.00 in cash or two 12.5-ounce

containers of “Mead Johnson Product.”

       The agreement caps the class payout at $12 million, as follows: “If the

aggregate value of Mead Johnson Product (valued at retail) and cash actually

claimed exceeds $12 million, then claims will be reduced pro rata, but in no event

will those seeking Mead Johnson Product receive less than one 8-ounce container

of Mead Johnson Product if falling within the six months or less category or two

8-ounce containers of Mead Johnson Product if falling within the greater than six

months category.” The agreement also sets a minimum class payout of $8 million,

       1
        The settlement agreement defines “Mead Johnson Product(s)” as “one or more Mead
Johnson infant formulas and toddler food products. The products will be either in liquid form or
in powdered form for preparation and consumption in liquid form and are not solid foods.” The
“Settlement Benefits” section of the agreement states, “The Mead Johnson Product to be
provided shall be Mead Johnson Enfamil Premium Infant. Class Members can submit only one
claim per household.”

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as follows: “If the aggregate value of the Product (valued at retail) and the cash

awards actually paid are less than $8 million, then the remainder shall be paid in

Mead Johnson Products to appropriate charities to be agreed upon by Class

Counsel and Defendant, and approved by the Court, pursuant to the cy pres

doctrine.”

      The settlement agreement provides that: (1) Mead Johnson will pay all the

costs of class notice and claim administration; (2) attorneys’ fees and expenses

“will be in addition to the other consideration to Plaintiff and the Class Members”;

(3) class counsel will apply to the court for an award of attorneys’ fees and

expenses; and (4) Mead Johnson will pay attorneys’ fees “in an amount not to

exceed $3.5 million” and expenses not to exceed $140,000.00, for total fees and

expenses not to exceed $3.64 million.

      The settlement agreement also provides for “Plaintiff Incentive Awards,”

which are “in addition to the other consideration to Plaintiff and the Class

Members.” Plaintiff Nelson will receive an incentive award of $10,000.00, four

named plaintiffs in the consolidated actions will each receive $2,500.00, and the

remaining named plaintiffs in the consolidated actions will each receive

$1,000.00.

      On March 18, 2011, following a hearing, the district court preliminarily

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approved the settlement and conditionally certified a settlement class of “[a]ll

purchasers of Enfamil LIPIL infant formula in the United States between October

13, 2005, through and including March 31, 2010.” The district court set an

August 22, 2011 deadline for class members to object and set a final approval

hearing for September 2011. The district court appointed Plaintiff Nelson as class

representative, appointed class counsel, approved the form and method of class

notice, and directed the claims administrator to publish the class notice and

administer the claims.

D. Objections and Final Approval Hearing

      Appellant Sandra Pack and ten other claimants filed timely written

objections to the proposed class action settlement. At a September 26, 2011

fairness hearing, counsel for Appellant Pack appeared and reiterated her written

objections. At the end of the fairness hearing, the district court overruled all of the

objections and approved the settlement, as follows:

             The Court has reviewed the stipulation of settlement, the
      objections that were filed, the arguments of counsel here this morning.
             In addition, the Court has considered the six relevant factors set
      forth in [Bennett v. Behring Corp., 737 F.2d 982, 986 (11th Cir. 1984)].
             And the Court finds that the settlement achieved in this multi-
      district litigation case is fair, reasonable, and adequate and is not the
      product of collusion.
             The Court respectfully overrules each of the objections raised by
      each of the objectors.
             There is a strong judicial policy favoring settlement as a

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       realization that compromise is the essence of settlement.
              Counsel for all parties appear to have performed their duties
       diligently.
              The parties’ extensive submissions are highly detailed and
       demonstrate why the settlement is fair and reasonable.

E. Final Approval Order

       On November 14, 2011, the district court approved the settlement and

dismissed the class members’ claims with prejudice. In its order, the district court

found that (1) Plaintiff Nelson “initiated the Action, acted to protect the Class, and

assisted her counsel”; (2) “[t]he efforts of Class Counsel have produced the

Stipulation entered into in good faith, . . . which provides a fair, reasonable,

adequate and certain result for the Class”; and (3) class counsel’s application for

attorneys’ fees and costs is “fair, reasonable, and justified under the

circumstances.” The district court awarded class counsel $3.5 million in

attorneys’ fees and $140,000.00 in costs and awarded the plaintiffs the above

incentive payments.

F. Appeal

       Pack appealed.2 Both Plaintiff Nelson and Defendant Mead Johnson then

moved the district court to require Appellant Pack to post a bond pending appeal.

Plaintiff Nelson argued that counsel for Appellant Pack was a “professional

       2
        One other objector also appealed, but that objector voluntarily dismissed her appeal with
prejudice.

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objector” who was “attempting to extort money from the parties in exchange for a

dismissal of [her] appeal[].”

      The district court imposed an appeal bond of $1,000.00. Notably, the

district court found little merit to the appeal and found significant evidence of bad

faith on the part of Appellant Pack. The district court noted that Pack’s counsel

offered to withdraw her appeal for $150,000.00, suggesting that her “objections

are tied to her ability to garner a windfall for herself rather than ensuring an

adequate settlement for the class.” The district court described further evidence of

bad faith, as follows:

      [T]he Court agrees that there is evidence of bad faith on the part of Pack.
      Pack is represented by her brother’s law firm. When questioned
      regarding whether she had a retention agreement with her brother’s law
      firm, Pack stated that she did not sign a retainer agreement with the firm.
      Pack also admitted that she had never read any documents concerning
      this litigation. Given Pack’s close familial relationship with one of the
      attorneys representing her, the Court finds Pack’s lack of knowledge
      about her own case worrisome and evidence of her lack of good faith.
      . . . Finally, the Court agrees with the parties that the representation of
      three previous objectors by [Pack’s counsel] weighs in favor of
      requiring an appeal bond in this case.

                                  II. DISCUSSION

      On appeal, Pack argues that the district court abused its discretion by

approving the class action settlement. We review for abuse of discretion the

district court’s approval of a class action settlement agreement. Leverso v.

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SouthTrust Bank of Ala., 18 F.3d 1527, 1531 (11th Cir. 1994). Federal Rule of

Civil Procedure 23(e) provides no standards for such approval. Nevertheless,

before approving a settlement, the district court must find that it “is fair, adequate

and reasonable and is not the product of collusion between the parties.” Bennett v.

Behring Corp., 737 F.2d 982, 986 (11th Cir. 1984) (internal quotation marks

omitted). “[O]ur judgment is informed by the strong judicial policy favoring

settlement as well as by the realization that compromise is the essence of

settlement.” Id.

       In determining whether the class action settlement is fair, reasonable, and

adequate, the district court considers these factors:

       (1) the likelihood of success at trial; (2) the range of possible recovery;
       (3) the point on or below the range of possible recovery at which a
       settlement is fair, adequate and reasonable; (4) the complexity, expense
       and duration of litigation; (5) the substance and amount of opposition to
       the settlement; and (6) the stage of proceedings at which the settlement
       was achieved.

Id. In considering the settlement, the district court may rely upon the judgment of

experienced counsel for the parties. Cotton v. Hinton, 559 F.2d 1326, 1330 (5th

Cir. 1977).3 Absent fraud, collusion, or the like, the district court “should be

hesitant to substitute its own judgment for that of counsel.” Id. The court should

       3
       This Court adopted as binding precedent all Fifth Circuit decisions prior to October 1,
1981. Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc).

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examine the settlement in light of the objections, and provide a reasoned response

to those objections. Id. at 1331.

      Here, the district court did not abuse its discretion by approving the

settlement agreement as fair, adequate, and reasonable. The record shows that the

district court properly considered the pertinent factors, explained its findings, and

addressed Pack’s objections. Although Pack argues that the district court failed to

“provide its reasoning for overruling the objections,” the district court gave Pack

the opportunity to argue her objections at the hearing, and the district court

explained why those objections were without merit. Specifically, Pack’s

objections to the inadequacy of the settlement consideration and the allocation of

the settlement proceeds were conclusory and failed to account for other pertinent

considerations, including the plaintiffs’ risk of losing at trial.

      The district court also did not abuse its discretion in overruling Pack’s

objection to the potential cy pres distribution. Although Pack argued that cy pres

was inappropriate unless all class members were fully compensated, Pack made no

attempt to show what “full compensation” to each class member would include. In

any event, the settlement provides for the cy pres distribution only if the total

amount claimed is less than $8 million. And, because the settlement provides for

pro rata reduction in claims only if the total amount of claims exceeds $12 million,

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each class member will receive the “full compensation” provided by the settlement

before a cy pres distribution occurs. The cy pres distribution was a permissible

method to distribute unclaimed settlement funds. See In re Pharm. Indus. Average

Wholesale Price Litig., 588 F.3d 24, 34 (1st Cir. 2009) (“[C]ourts are not in

disagreement that cy pres distributions are proper in connection with a class

settlement, subject to court approval of the particular application of the funds.”

(internal quotation marks omitted)); Nelson v. Greater Gadsden Hous. Auth., 802

F.2d 405, 409 (11th Cir. 1986) (in class action involving utility allowances to

tenants in a public-housing complex, affirming district court order providing that

the defendant use any unclaimed compensatory damages to increase the energy

efficiency of the apartment units at the complex).

      Finally, the district court did not abuse its discretion by approving the

attorneys’ fee provisions. Pack’s argument that the notice of the fees was

inadequate is belied by the fact that several class members, including Pack,

responded to the class notice by submitting written objections to the attorneys’ fee

provisions in advance of the final approval hearing. Additionally, Pack’s

argument that the attorneys’ fee provisions “bear[] indicia of collusion” is wholly

unfounded. The settlement agreement was the result of extensive arms-length

negotiations moderated by a court-appointed mediator. Pack’s objection to the

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amount of the fee is likewise without merit. The $3.64 million fee award is

approximately 25% of the “common fund,” and “well-settled law from this court

[states] that 25% is generally recognized as a reasonable fee award in common

fund cases.” Faught v. Am. Home Shield Corp., 668 F.3d 1233, 1243 (11th Cir.

2011).

      AFFIRMED.

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