Court Opinion

ID: 9370710
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-14 17:08:28.995084+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:23.161380
License: Public Domain

J-A29023-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
              v.                          :
                                          :
                                          :
 JERMAINE SAMUEL                          :
                                          :
                   Appellant              :   No. 173 WDA 2022

           Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 19, 2022
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Blair County Criminal Division at No(s):
                         CP-07-CR-0000667-2012

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
              v.                          :
                                          :
                                          :
 JERMAINE SAMUEL                          :
                                          :
                   Appellant              :   No. 174 WDA 2022

           Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 19, 2022
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Blair County Criminal Division at No(s):
                         CP-07-CR-0002674-2011

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., OLSON, J., and KUNSELMAN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                         FILED: February 14, 2023

     Appellant, Jermaine Samuel, appeals from the order entered on January

19, 2022, dismissing as untimely Appellant’s second petition filed pursuant to

the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We vacate

and remand for the appointment of PCRA counsel.

     A prior panel of this Court set forth the facts of this case as follows:
J-A29023-22

       [The case began as a] result of an investigation by the Office of
       the Attorney General of Pennsylvania into an operation in which
       [Appellant] and multiple other people conspired to bring large
       quantities of cocaine from Baltimore[, Maryland] to Pennsylvania
       for distribution in Altoona. The investigation included the use of
       confidential informants and multiple means of electronic
       surveillance, including body wires on the confidential informants
       and wiretaps and pen registers on at least four telephone
       numbers. The investigation resulted in 12 arrests.[1] During his
       week-long trial, the evidence established that [Appellant]
       coordinated and received quantities of cocaine from Maryland,
       warehoused them in an office above a bar in Altoona, cut the drugs
       and repackaged them for sale to particular street-level dealers.
       [Appellant] was convicted of [numerous counts of possession with
       intent to deliver narcotics, criminal use of a communication
       facility, dealing in unlawful proceeds and corrupt organizations2]
       and sentenced to an aggregate term of 46 ½ to 103 years of
       incarceration.

Commonwealth v. Samuel, 102 A.3d 1001, 1003 (Pa. Super. 2014). This

Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence by opinion entered on

October 17, 2014. See id. On March 22, 2016, our Supreme Court denied

further review. Commonwealth v. Samuel, 134 A.3d 56 (Pa. 2016).

       Thereafter, the PCRA court explains the procedural history of this matter

as follows:

       [Appellant] filed a timely PCRA petition [on] May 3, 2016. [The
       PCRA] court granted [relief on] the PCRA petition on the issue of
       sentencing, and denied [relief] on [] issue[s pertaining to]
       ineffective assistance of counsel. The Commonwealth appealed

____________________________________________

1 “The Commonwealth presented information regarding the investigation to
the Thirty-Third Statewide Investigating Grand Jury seated in Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania, which issued its presentment [on] February 16, 2012.” PCRA
Court Opinion, 1/19/2022, at 1.

2   35 P.S. § 780–113(a)(30); 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 7512(a), 5111, and 911(b)(3).

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       [the] sentencing       decision    but    ultimately   discontinued   the
       appeal.[3]

       [The trial] court re-sentenced [Appellant] on June 24, 2020.[4]
       Following resentencing, PCRA counsel filed a timely notice of
       appeal [] as well as a motion to withdraw as counsel. Her
       withdrawal as counsel was permitted on September 18, 2020, and
       following a Grazier[5] hearing on January 25, 2021, [Appellant
       received] permission to represent himself [pro se]. [On January
       25, 2021, while Appellant’s direct appeal from his June 2020
       sentence was pending and upon Appellant’s pro se request to
       “amend the appeal filed by his previous counsel,” the trial court
       entered an order instructing Appellant to ask this Court for a
       remand of the matter because it “believe[d] it ha[d] lost
       jurisdiction and [could not] rule on [Appellant’s request to amend]
       and that [Appellant] must request [this Court] to remand this case
       [] for [the trial court’s] consideration.”] In a motion to withdraw
       [the] appeal filed [on] March 11, 2021, [Appellant] instead asked
       the Superior Court to withdraw his appeal in its entirety.[6]

       [Appellant] filed various pro se motions following the
       discontinuance of his appeal, including a motion for
       compassionate release due to Coronavirus, filed February 8,
       2021; [an amended post-trial motion filed May 26, 2021; and,] a
       motion for judgment of acquittal, filed July 9, 2021[. the PCRA
       court treated the latter two motions as petitions filed under the
       PCRA and convened] a hearing on these [submissions] on October
       20, 2021 [wherein Appellant] appeared pro se.

____________________________________________

3 From our review of the certified record, it does not appear that Appellant
appealed from the denial of relief pertaining to his claims of ineffective
assistance of counsel.

4 The trial court resentenced Appellant to an aggregate sentence of 20 to 40
years of incarceration with eligibility for the Recidivism Risk Reduction
Incentive (RRRI), see 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 4501 et seq.

5   See Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998).

6 From our review of the certified record and the PCRA court’s opinion, it is
unclear whether the trial court ruled on any request for amendment of the
appeal after the discontinuance.

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PCRA Court Opinion, 1/19/2022, at 2-3 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).

      Although the trial court treated Appellant’s May 26, 2021 and July 9,

2021 filings as pro se petitions under the PCRA, it nonetheless concluded that

the claims advanced in these submissions were time-barred because they

challenged the substantive merits of Appellant’s convictions, not his

newly-imposed sentence, and he filed these claims more than one year after

his original judgment of sentence became final.        More simply, the court

determined that the claims set forth in Appellant’s May 26, 2021 and July 9,

2021 filings contravened the PCRA’s one-year jurisdictional deadline.         In

concluding that Appellant’s original judgment of sentence in 2017, rather than

his newly-imposed sentence in 2020, governed the timeliness of Appellant’s

claims under the PCRA, the court cited our decisions in Commonwealth v.

McKeever, 947 A.2d 782 (Pa. Super. 2008) and Commonwealth v. DeHart,

730 A.2d 991 (Pa. Super. 1999), where we held that “a successful first PCRA

petition does not ‘reset the clock’ for the calculation of the finality of the

judgment of sentence for purposes of the PCRA where the relief granted in the

first petition neither restored a petitioner's direct appeal rights nor disturbed

his conviction, but, rather, affected his sentence only.” McKeever, 947 A.2d

at 785; see also PCRA Court Opinion, 1/19/2022, at 4-6.

      This timely pro se appeal resulted. Appellant filed two separate notices

of appeal, one at each of the docket numbers captioned above, on January

31, 2022. On February 22, 2022, this Court received correspondence from

the PCRA court indicating it had not given Appellant notice of its intent to

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dismiss Appellant’s claims under the PCRA and requesting the cases be

remanded to give proper notice. On March 1, 2022, this Court entered an

order directing the parties to show cause why the PCRA court’s order should

not be vacated and the case remanded. The Commonwealth timely responded

that Appellant’s claims were dismissed following a hearing and, therefore,

notice of intent to dismiss was unwarranted.     See Pa.R.Crim.P. 908(D)(1)

“Upon the conclusion of [a] hearing the judge shall determine all material

issues raised by the defendant's petition and […i]f the judge dismisses the

petition, the judge promptly shall issue an order denying relief”). On March

29, 2022, after discovering that a hearing was held wherein Appellant

represented himself pro se, this Court entered an order, corresponding to

each trial court docket, remanding the record and directing the PCRA court to

determine whether Appellant should have had counsel appointed to represent

him. On May 12, 2022, the PCRA court entered what it deemed a “clarifying

order” stating that Appellant expressed a desire to proceed pro se during a

colloquy at a prior hearing in accordance with Grazier.   On March 29, 2022,

this Court subsequently discharged the rule to show cause orders and

consolidated the appeals sua sponte.

       On appeal pro se, Appellant presents the following issues7 for our

review:

____________________________________________

7 Because we believe Appellant’s issue pertaining to the appointment of PCRA
counsel is dispositive, as discussed at length below, we have reordered
Appellant’s issues for ease of discussion.

                                           -5-
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      I.    Did the lower court err and/or abuse its discretion when
            adopting Appellant’s post-sentence motions into a petition
            under the [PCRA], then failing to appoint PCRA counsel to
            represent Appellant, and for dismissing said PCRA petition
            without notice?

      II.   Did the lower court err and/or abuse of its discretion when
            failing to rule on Appellant’s post-sentence motions which
            allege severe defects at the very foundation of his conviction
            and sentence?

Appellant’s Brief, at 2 (complete capitalization omitted).

      Appellant claims that he was entitled the appointment of PCRA counsel.

“Our review of a post-conviction court's grant or denial of relief is limited to

determining whether the court's findings are supported by the record and the

court's order is otherwise free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Perez, 799

A.2d 848, 850 (Pa. Super. 2002) (citation omitted).          The Pennsylvania

Supreme Court has “stated that the rules of criminal procedure require the

appointment of counsel in PCRA proceedings.” Commonwealth v. Smith,

818 A.2d 494, 498 (Pa. 2003) (citation omitted); see also Pa.R.Crim.P.

904(C) (“[W]hen an unrepresented defendant satisfies the judge that the

defendant is unable to afford or otherwise procure counsel, the judge shall

appoint counsel to represent the defendant on the defendant's first petition

for post-conviction collateral relief.”). “The PCRA mandates that petitions be

filed within one year of the date on which the [j]udgment of [s]entence

becomes final[, the one-year] rule is jurisdictional in nature, and there are

only three narrow exceptions to its application.” Smith, 818 A.2d at 498,

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citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545 (case citation omitted). However, our Supreme

Court has stated:

      Even though the timeliness requirements of the PCRA leave a
      court without jurisdiction to consider the merits of an untimely
      petition, they do not preclude a court from appointing counsel to
      aid an indigent petitioner in attempting to establish an exception
      to the time-bar. Although the PCRA court determines the issue of
      timeliness prior to reaching the merits of a PCRA petition, the
      PCRA court is not divested of its jurisdiction until it analyzes the
      facts and makes the determination that the petition is
      time-barred. Therefore, an indigent petitioner, who files his first
      PCRA petition, is entitled to have counsel appointed to represent
      him during the determination of whether any of the exceptions to
      the one-year time limitation apply.

Smith, 818 A.2d at 498. “[W]here an appellant's right to representation has

been effectively denied by the action of court or counsel, the petitioner is

entitled to a remand to the PCRA court for appointment of counsel to prosecute

the PCRA petition. The remand serves to give the petitioner the benefit of

competent counsel at each stage of post-conviction review.” Perez, 799 A.2d

at 852.   The appointment of counsel under the PCRA is derived from our

procedural rules of court and is therefore distinct from a Sixth Amendment

right to counsel at trial and on direct appeal. See Commonwealth v. Haag,

809 A.2d 271, 282 (Pa. 2002) (“While a PCRA petitioner does not have a Sixth

Amendment right to assistance of counsel during collateral review, this

Commonwealth, by way of procedural rule, provides for the appointment of

counsel during a prisoner's first petition for post[-]conviction relief.”).

“[W]here an indigent, first-time PCRA petitioner was denied his right to

counsel—or failed to properly waive that right—this Court is required to raise

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this error sua sponte and remand for the PCRA court to correct that mistake.”

Commonwealth v. Stossel, 17 A.3d 1286, 1290 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citation

omitted).

      Our review of the record confirms that Appellant elected to proceed pro

se and expressly rejected the appointment of counsel at a hearing held on

January 25, 2021. As the court acknowledged, however, the January 25, 2021

hearing was convened within the context of a “direct appeal from

resentencing” and after trial counsel had been permitted to withdraw. See

N.T., 1/25/2021, at 5. As such, Appellant was permitted to represent himself

pro se on direct appeal from resentencing. Ultimately, Appellant withdrew

his direct appeal, on March 11, 2021, thereby concluding that matter and

transforming his 2020 judgment of sentence into a final order.            See

Commonwealth v. McKeever, 947 A.2d 782, 785 (Pa. Super. 2008)

(judgment of sentence final for PCRA purposes when appeal is discontinued

voluntarily).

      Thereafter, Appellant filed three pro se motions filed on February 8,

2021, May 26, 2021, and July 9, 2021. The court determined that the May

26, 2021 and July 9, 2021 submissions should be treated as PCRA petitions

since they were filed after Appellant’s 2020 sentence became final.   Because

the May 26, 2021 and July 9, 2021 submissions were filed after Appellant’s

2020 judgment of sentence became final, these filings constituted a first

petition under the PCRA. See Commonwealth v. Lesko, 15 A.3d 345, 374

(Pa. 2011) “[A] petitioner may file a PCRA petition asserting claims related to

                                     -8-
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resentencing proceedings within one year of the date that the new judgment

of sentence becomes final.”); see also Commonwealth v. Williams, 828

A.2d 981, 993 (Pa. 2003) (holding petitioner's subsequent PCRA petitions

constituted amendments to first-filed petition, where first petition remained

pending because the court had taken no action). As such, the filings triggered

the automatic appointment of counsel pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 904(C). This

is so even if the claims advanced in those filings might ultimately be deemed

untimely because they challenged the merits of Appellant’s original conviction,

an aspect of Appellant’s original judgment of sentence which became final in

2017 and which did not become subject to new challenges when Appellant

was subsequently awarded relief in the form of resentencing. See Smith,

818 A.2d at 498 (an indigent petitioner is entitled to the appointment of

counsel on a first petition even if the court lacks jurisdiction over its untimely

claims); see also McKeever, 947 A.2d at 785 (collateral relief in the form of

resentencing does not, without establishment of an exception to the timeliness

requirement, resurrect a petitioner’s right to challenge the substantive merit

of his convictions where such claims have become untimely due to the passage

of time). Put differently, after Appellant’s direct appeal from resentencing was

withdrawn and his new judgment of sentence became final, Appellant acquired

a rule-based right to counsel on his first PCRA petition, within which he could

                                      -9-
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assert challenges to the legality of his newly-imposed sentence.8 If Appellant

or counsel elects to litigate claims challenging Appellant’s underlying

convictions, the petition will need to plead and prove the application of an

exception to the PCRA’s one-year time bar since those claims are now untimely

and Appellant’s newly-imposed sentence did not restart the clock on

challenges to the merits of Appellant’s convictions.

       Rather than undertake a comprehensive waiver colloquy aimed at

ascertaining whether Appellant intended to exercise his rule-based right to

counsel within the context of the newly-initiated collateral relief proceedings,

the court instead simply asked Appellant at a status conference held on July

12, 2021, whether “it [was his] continued wish to represent himself and not

have counsel appointed.”9         N.T., 7/12/2021, at 2.   Thereafter, Appellant
____________________________________________

8   We note that Appellant’s pro se claims largely pertain to the grand jury
investigation conducted in this matter. The time to raise such claims on
appeal was when the trial court granted his request for resentencing under
the PCRA and denied relief on his remaining claims. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 910
(“An order granting, denying, dismissing, or otherwise finally disposing of a
petition for post-conviction relief shall constitute a final order for purposes of
appeal.”).

9  We further note that this colloquy was not sufficient. See Commonwealth
v. Robinson, 970 A.2d 455, 459–460 (Pa. Super. 2009) (en banc) (original
brackets omitted) (“[I]f a PCRA defendant indicates a desire to represent
himself, it is incumbent upon the PCRA court to elicit information from the
defendant that he understands the items outlined in Pa.R.Crim.P.
121(A)(2)(a), (d), (e), and (f). A court must explain to a defendant that he
has the right to counsel, in accordance with (a), that he is bound by the rules
as outlined in (d), and that he may lose rights, as indicated in (f). Subsection
(e) must be appropriately tailored so that a defendant is informed that “there
are possible defenses to these charges that counsel might be aware of, and if
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 10 -
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represented himself pro se at a subsequent hearing held on October 20, 2021.

The court did not conduct a waiver of counsel colloquy at that hearing.

       Here, Appellant’s newly-imposed judgment of sentence became final

when he discontinued his direct appeal following resentencing on March 11,

2021. See McKeever, 947 A.2d 782, 785 (Pa. Super. 2008) (judgment of

sentence final for PCRA purposes when appeal is discontinued voluntarily). As

such, the submissions Appellant subsequently filed on May 26, 2021 and July

9, 2021, qualified as PCRA petitions and represented his first opportunity to

assert   collateral    challenges     to   his      newly-imposed   sentence.   See

Commonwealth v. Taylor, 65 A.3d 462, 466 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation

omitted) (“[A]ll motions filed after a judgment of sentence is final are to be

construed as PCRA petitions.”).                Appellant was thus entitled, under

Pa.R.Crim.P. 904(C), to the appointment of counsel at that stage of the

newly-initiated collateral proceeding.           Because Appellant was entitled to a

separate, rule-based appointment of PCRA counsel under Rule 904(C),

regardless of whether Appellant’s collateral claims were timely, and because

the court failed to vindicate that right (or confirm a valid waiver of that right),

we are constrained to vacate the order denying relief on January 19, 2022.

       Order vacated. Case remanded for the appointment of counsel.

Application for writ of certiorari denied. Jurisdiction relinquished.

____________________________________________

these defenses are not raised in a PCRA petition, they may be lost
permanently.”).

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/14/2023

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