Court Opinion

ID: 6083984
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-13 19:08:01.080505+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:53:19.977537
License: Public Domain

Appeal from a judgment (denominated order) of the Supreme Court, Jefferson County (James P. McClusky, J.), entered March 3, 2015 in a declaratory judgment action. The judgment declared invalid Town of Alexandria Local Law No. 2 of 2009, Town of Alexandria Local Law No. 2 of 2014 and the August 10, 2011 resolution of the Town Board of Town of Alexandria.
It is hereby ordered that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by vacating the first through fourth decretal paragraphs and as modified the judgment is affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: Plaintiffs commenced this hybrid CPLR article 78 proceeding and declaratory judgment action seeking a declaration that Local Law No. 2 of 2014 (2014 Law) was invalid; an injunction preventing defendant, Town of Alexandria (Town), from implementing the 2014 Law; and damages for the health insurance costs that they may have incurred as a result of the Town’s adoption of the 2014 Law. In its answer, the Town contended that the 2014 Law was invalid and also contended that Local Law No. 2 of 2009 (2009 Law) and a resolution of the Town Board of the Town, dated August 10, 2011 (2011 Resolution), were invalid. The Town thus sought declarations that the 2009 Law, the 2011 Resolution and the 2014 Law were invalid and that certain plaintiffs were not entitled to the healthcare insurance benefits provided by those legislative enactments.
We note at the outset that, as the Town correctly contends, this is properly only a declaratory judgment action in view of the relief sought by plaintiffs and by the Town in its counterclaim (see Centerville’s Concerned Citizens v Town Bd. of Town of Centerville, 56 AD3d 1129, 1129 [2008]). Indeed, both plaintiffs and the Town are challenging only the validity of the legislative enactments, and “[i]t is well established that [a *1468CPLR] article 78 proceeding is not the proper vehicle to test the validity of a legislative enactment” (Kamhi v Town of Yorktown, 141 AD2d 607, 608 [1988], affd 74 NY2d 423 [1989]; see Centerville’s Concerned Citizens, 56 AD3d at 1129; see generally Press v County of Monroe, 50 NY2d 695, 702 [1980]).
We conclude that Supreme Court erred in using a summary procedure to award judgment on the cause of action and that part of the counterclaim that sought a judgment declaring those legislative enactments invalid (see Matter of 24 Franklin Ave. R.E. Corp. v Heaship, 74 AD3d 980, 980-981 [2010]). It is well established that “separate procedural rules apply” to declaratory judgment actions and CPLR article 78 proceedings and, inasmuch as the cause of action and counterclaim seek declaratory relief, the court “erred in issuing a judgment declaring [that those legislative enactments are] invalid by using a summary procedure that pertains only to CPLR article 78 proceedings” (id.; see Matter of Ballard v New York Safety Track LLC, 126 AD3d 1073, 1075 [2015]; Matter of Greenberg v Assessor of Town of Scarsdale, 121 AD3d 986, 989-990 [2014]). “In the absence of a formalized motion requesting the ‘summary determination of the causes of action which seek [to recover damages or] declaratory relief, it is error for [a court] to summarily dispose of those causes of action’ ” (Ballard, 126 AD3d at 1075, quoting Matter of Rosenberg v New York State Off. of Parks, Recreation, & Historic Preserv., 94 AD3d 1006, 1008 [2012]).
Given the summary nature of the proceeding, we do not pass on the merits of the parties’ contentions, including the contentions concerning severability, which rest in large part on determinations of the legislative intent of the Town Board when it enacted the 2009 Law, the 2011 Resolution and the 2014 Law (see generally CWM Chem. Servs., L.L.C. v Roth, 6 NY3d 410, 423 [2006]; Matter of Hynes v Tomei, 92 NY2d 613, 627 [1998], cert denied 527 US 1015 [1999]).
Present — Smith, J.P., DeJoseph, NeMoyer, Troutman and Scudder, JJ.