Court Opinion

ID: 4197282
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-08-18 18:12:13.496816+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:39:46.344298
License: Public Domain

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                                  2017 Pa. Super. 269

    IN THE INTEREST OF: R.W., A                :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    MINOR                                      :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: WESTMORELAND                    :
    COUNTY CHILDREN'S BUREAU                   :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 24 WDA 2017

                    Appeal from the Order December 12, 2016
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County
                 Domestic Relations at No: 65-FN-000083-2014,
                             CP-65-DP-0000094-2014

    IN THE INTEREST OF: R.W., A                :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    MINOR CHILD                                :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: J.R.M.                          :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 53 WDA 2017

                    Appeal from the Order December 15, 2016
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County
                     Civil Division at No: CP-65-DP-94-2014

BEFORE: STABILE, J., FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., and STRASSBURGER, J.*

OPINION BY STABILE, J.:                                 FILED AUGUST 18, 2017

        In these related appeals, the Westmoreland County Children’s Bureau

(“WCCB” or “Agency”) and J.R.M. (“Mother”) (collectively, “Appellants”)
____________________________________________

*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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appeal from the November 2, 2016 permanency review order, as amended

on December 12, 2016,1,        2
                                   that changed the placement goal with respect to

the male child, R.W. (“Child”), born in June of 2014. In addition, the order

directed the WCCB to file a petition for the involuntary termination of

parental rights, and, inter alia, reduced Mother’s visitation with Child. Upon

careful review, we affirm.

       The   trial court     set forth the       following factual and   procedural

background.

____________________________________________

1
  It is well-settled that a permanency review order granting or denying a
status change shall be deemed final and appealable when entered. See In
re H.S.W.C.-B, 836 A.2d 908, 911 (Pa. 2003).
2
  The amended order directed that the November 2, 2016 permanency
review order “shall be amended to appropriately reflect the date of filing of
said Order, being December 12, 2016, as opposed to the date of the
Hearing, being November 2, 2016.” Order, 12/12/16.

Importantly, we observe that the docket entries in the Court of Common
Pleas of Westmoreland County do not comply with the rules regarding entry
of orders. See Pa.R.A.P. 301(a)(1); Pa.R.A.P. 108(b); Pa.R.C.P. 236(b).
We caution the trial court to comply with the relevant rules for entry of
orders so that appeal periods are properly triggered. See Frazier v. City of
Philadelphia, 735 A.2d 113, 115 (Pa. 1999) (citations omitted) (“Thus,
pursuant to the express terms of the rules, an order is not appealable until it
is entered on the docket with the required notation that appropriate notice
has been given”).

Because the subject order was not entered on the trial court docket, the
appeal period in this case was never formally triggered. It would be, at this
juncture, a waste of judicial resources to remand the matter solely for the
filing of a Rule 236(b) notice. Accordingly, in the interest of judicial
economy, we will regard as done what should have been done and address
these appeals on the merits.

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       On June 17, 2014, . . . days after the minor child’s birth, an
       application for Shelter Care was requested by the [WCCB], and
       was granted. An Adjudicatory Hearing was held on July 2, 2014,
       and [C]hild was adjudicated dependent.             Aggravated
       circumstances were found, in that child’s half-sibling and
       Mother’s child, A.M., was found to be the victim of Mother’s
       aggravated physical neglect.[3]

       The Pennsylvania Juvenile Act defines aggravated physical
       neglect as “[a]ny omission in the care of a child which results in
       a life-threatening condition or seriously impairs the child’s
       functioning.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302. In this case, A.M. suffered
       from horrific and life-threatening injuries perpetrated by the
       biological father of [Child],[4] and Mother was found to have
       neglected to provide appropriate prevention of and care for
       these injuries. At the time of [Child’s] adjudication, Mother was
       incarcerated for the same. . . . At the time of the Order at
       issue, [C]hild had been in placement for twenty-nine (29)
       months.

Trial Court Opinion, 1/30/17, at 2 (unpaginated).

____________________________________________

3
   A.M. is Child’s half-brother, born in September of 2007. Aggravated
Circumstances Order, 7/2/14, at ¶ 9. A.M., as well as three other half-
siblings of Child, are Mother’s children born during her prior marriage. Id.
During the instant dependency action, Child’s half-siblings were not in
Mother’s custody. Although it is not clear, we surmise from the certified
record that, in a child custody proceeding between Mother and her ex-
husband subsequent to A.M.’s injuries, the court granted sole legal and
primary physical custody of the children to their father, and the court
directed Mother to have no contact with the children. Id. at ¶ 22; N.T.,
11/2/16, at Exhibit WCCB #1.
4
  Child’s natural father, B.W.W. (“Father”), plead guilty to charges of
aggravated assault, simple assault, and endangering the welfare of a child
with respect to the injuries sustained by A.M. N.T., 11/2/16, at Father’s #A.
Father was sentenced to a term of incarceration of 12½ to 25 years. N.T.,
5/18/16, at 5-6. As such, Father was incarcerated during the underlying
dependency action, and the trial court prohibited any contact between him
and Child.

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       The record reveals that the above-described criminal conduct by

Father and Mother relating to A.M. occurred in February of 2014, at which

time Mother was pregnant with Child.              Aggravated Circumstances Order,

7/2/14, at ¶ 14. Mother pled guilty to the charge of endangering the welfare

of children. By order dated February 20, 2015, Mother was sentenced to a

term of incarceration of 6 to 23 months.              Certified Docket #55, Child’s

Permanency Plan.          Mother was incarcerated for three months in the

Westmoreland County Prison, during which time the court granted her visits

with Child twice per month.             See Certified Record at #74 (Order of

Court/Sentence); Order, 3/5/15.           Thereafter, Mother was placed on Home

Electronic Monitoring (“HEM”) for three months.            See Certified Record at

#74 (Order of Court/Sentence).            The revised Family Service Plan (“FSP”)

dated October 7, 2015, reflects that Mother was exercising visitation with

Child in her home three times per week.5 Mother remained on probation up

through and including the time of the subject proceedings described below.

       Permanency review hearings occurred at regular intervals throughout

the underlying dependency matter.              Mother’s FSP goals were, in part, to

participate in and successfully complete non-offender parenting treatment;

____________________________________________

5
  At all times relevant hereto, Mother resided in the home of her mother
(“Maternal Grandmother”), which the Agency found appropriate for Child.
N.T., 5/18/16, at 8.

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attain and maintain a legal and verifiable source of income; and maintain

appropriate housing. N.T., 5/18/16, at 17.

      By way of background, on May 2, 2016, when Child had been in

placement for 23 months, the Agency filed a petition for a permanency

review hearing. The Agency asserted that it did not intend to file a petition

for the involuntary termination of Mother’s parental rights because it “would

not serve the needs and welfare of the child: the mother has been making a

lot of progress toward reunification.” Petition, 5/2/16, at 4 (unpaginated).

      The court held a permanency review hearing on May 18, 2016, at

which time Mother exercised visitation with Child in her home for five days

and four overnights per week. Id. at 13. The Agency recommended a “trial

home visit” commencing at the conclusion of the hearing, which would

involve Mother having physical custody of Child “24/7 for a three-month

span” until the next review hearing, when the Agency would recommend

reunification between Mother and Child. Id. at 19.

      However, the testimonial evidence       revealed   that Mother, since

November of 2015, had a new paramour, G.B., who did not reside with her.

Id. at 51. On cross-examination, the Guardian ad litem (“GAL”) inquired of

the Agency caseworker, Rachel Skovira, whether the Agency performed an

interstate criminal background check on G.B. The GAL stated, “[T]he reason

I’m asking . . . is my recollection is [Father] had problems in North Carolina

but none [in Pennsylvania] at the time that would have alerted Mother or

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others [that Father posed a risk of harm to her children.]         [Father had a

criminal background] in another state, and that’s the reason I'm asking that

question.”     N.T., 5/18/16, and 51.      Ms. Skovira testified, “[T]he prior

caseworker did the background checks [on G.B.]. I don’t know if she did the

interstate checks.” Id.

      At the conclusion of the May 18, 2016 hearing, on the record and in

open court, the trial court denied the Agency’s recommendation for a “trial

home visit.”    Id. at 57.    The court ordered the Agency to conduct an

interstate criminal background check on G.B. Thereafter, on May 23, 2016,

the court issued a permanency review order after learning that G.B. had a

criminal   charge   pending   against    him   in   Allegheny   County   involving

possession of a controlled substance. The court maintained Mother’s current

visitation schedule, but it prohibited unsupervised contact between Child and

G.B. Order, 5/23/16, at 3.

      On October 13, 2016, when Child had been in placement for 27

months, the Agency filed another petition for a permanency review hearing,

wherein it again asserted Mother “has been making a lot of progress toward

reunification.” Petition, 10/13/16, at 4 (unpaginated). The Agency asserted

that it has not filed an involuntary termination petition because terminating

Mother’s parental rights would not serve the needs and welfare of Child. Id.

      A hearing took place on November 2, 2016, during which the Agency

renewed its request for a “trial home visit.”        N.T., 11/2/16, at 87.    The

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Agency presented the testimony of Benjamin Yaroch, a licensed clinical

social worker who had provided twelve sessions of non-offending parenting

counseling to Mother.     He testified with respect to his October 27, 2016

report, wherein he recommended Mother continue outpatient psychotherapy

and begin the next step in the reunification process with Child. Id. at WCCB

#1.     Specifically, Mr. Yaroch testified that the purpose of Mother’s

psychotherapy is to “use the skills learned in individual therapy to better her

life and provide a safe and stable household for her son . . ., as well as to

introduce [G.B.] into the therapeutic process . . . to discuss and encourage

. . . insightful dialogue in regards to the . . . potential impact of [her]

relationship [with G.B.] to the well-being of her son. . . .” N.T., 11/2/16, at

7-8.   Mr. Yaroch testified that Mother accepted responsibility for Child’s

placement. He testified, “I think she genuinely takes responsibility for her

role that led to the abuse of her children, and that was introduction of

[Father] into her life.” Id. at 11.

       The Agency also presented the testimony of Nicole Dolhi, a therapist at

Yaroch Counseling who made unannounced supervised visits at the family’s

residence. She testified that, based on her observations, Child has “a strong

relationship” with Mother.    Id. at 23.    Further, the Agency presented the

testimony of A.E., Child’s foster mother. A.E. testified that Mother has been

granted visitation on a five-day, four-day cycle for the last eight months,

which involves Child moving back and forth between her and Mother in a 24-

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hour period.   Id. at 33, 37. She testified that this visitation schedule “is too

hard on” Child. Id. at 37. She explained that the visitation schedule causes

confusion for Child and makes him “very emotional” during transfers.      Id. at

34.

      Finally, the Agency provided the testimony of Rachel Skovira, the

Agency caseworker from April 24, 2015, until September 26, 2016, and

G.B., Mother’s paramour. G.B. acknowledged that he had a criminal charge

pending in Allegheny County, which he testified resulted from his possession

of cocaine in March of 2016. N.T., 11/2/16, at 45, 50, 54. The trial court

ordered G.B. to submit to a drug and alcohol test immediately following his

testimony. Id. at 56-57.

      Thereafter, Mother testified on her own behalf.          Finally, the GAL

provided the testimony of David Kindle, the Court-Appointed Special

Advocate (“CASA”), with respect to his October 26, 2016 report. Mr. Kindle

recommended that the “trial home visit should start . . . immediately.” Id.

at 107. He explained:

      I had concerns about the nature of the back and forth movement
      [between the homes of Mother and foster mother as testified to
      during the May 18, 2016 permanency hearing]. I have noticed a
      change in [Child’s] overall demeanor.        He is getting more
      withdrawn. His outbursts are longer and harder to console. I
      just see it as confusing and troubling to him.

Id.

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      At the conclusion of the testimonial evidence, the trial court received

the results of G.B.’s drug and alcohol test and stated as follows on the

record and in open court.

      And at this time the [c]ourt, on the record, has a urinalysis
      result for [G.B], and [G.B.] is positive for cocaine. And he has
      utilized and admitted to utilizing cocaine as of October 29, 2016.
      And today is November the 2nd, so it appears that that was
      conducted five days ago on a Saturday night.

Id. at 110.

      At the conclusion of the hearing, the GAL stated on the record and in

open court, “Unfortunately, I anticipated coming in agreeing with the

[Agency], but, obviously . . . was unaware of what we would hear today.”

N.T., 11/2/16, at 114. As such, the GAL expressed a lack of agreement with

the Agency’s recommendation for the trial home visit. Id. at 113-114.

      By order dated November 2, 2016, the trial court found that the

current placement goal of reunification within three to six months “is NOT

appropriate and/or NOT feasible.”      Order, 11/2/16, at 2 (emphasis in

original). The court directed that the Agency “shall forthwith file a petition

for Termination of Parental Rights regarding both parents in this case.” Id.

at 4 (emphasis added).       In addition, the court directed that Mother’s

visitation be supervised by the Maternal Grandmother and be limited to

alternating weekends. Further, the court directed that Child “shall have NO

contact with [G.B.].” Id. at 3 (emphasis in original).

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      On December 29, 2016, the Agency timely filed a notice of appeal and

a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to

Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b). On January

5, 2017, Mother timely filed a notice of appeal and a concise statement of

errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Rule 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b).

Father did not file a notice of appeal, and he is not a party to these appeals.

The trial court filed its Rule 1925(a) opinion on January 30, 2017.

      The Agency presents the following issues in its appeal:

      [1.] Whether the [trial] court’s findings relative to Mother’s
      progress and compliance are supported by the evidence[?]

      [2.] Whether the [trial] court abused its discretion in ordering
      the Agency to file termination of parental rights where sufficient
      evidence of compelling reasons existed to continue reunification
      efforts[?]

      [3.] Whether the [trial] court erred in ordering termination of
      parental rights where a bond exists between Mother and Child[?]

Agency’s Brief at 4 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).

      Mother presents the following issues in her appeal:

      I. Whether the trial court abused its discretion and committed an
      err[or] of law in ordering the [Agency] to file a termination of
      parental rights [petition] where the . . . [A]gency presented
      compelling reasons to continue reunification efforts[?]

      II. Whether the [trial] [c]ourt erred as a matter of law and
      abused its discretion in ordering the [Agency] to significantly
      reduce visitation between Mother and the minor child[?]

Mother’s Brief at 8 (answers omitted).

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      It is well-established that “goal change decisions are subject to an

abuse of discretion standard of review.” In re R.M.G., 997 A.2d 339, 345

(Pa. Super. 2010) (citation omitted).

         In order to conclude that the trial court abused its
         discretion, we must determine that the court’s judgment
         was “manifestly unreasonable,” that the court did not
         apply the law, or that the court’s action was “a result of
         partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will,” as shown by the
         record. We are bound by the trial court’s findings of fact
         that have support in the record. The trial court, not the
         appellate court, is charged with the responsibilities of
         evaluating credibility of the witness and resolving any
         conflicts in the testimony.        In carrying out these
         responsibilities, the trial court is free to believe all,
         part, or none of the evidence. When the trial court’s
         findings are supported by competent evidence of record,
         we will affirm, “even if the record could also support an
         opposite result.”

Id. (citations omitted).

      At permanency review hearings for dependent children removed from

the parental home, a trial court must consider the factors set forth in the

Juvenile Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 6301 et seq., as follows:

      (f) Matters to be determined at permanency hearing.—

      At each permanency hearing, a court shall determine all of the
      following:

         (1) The continuing necessity for and appropriateness of
         the placement.

         (2) The appropriateness, feasibility and extent of
         compliance with the permanency plan developed for the
         child.

         (3) The extent of progress made toward alleviating the
         circumstances which necessitated the original placement.

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        (4) The appropriateness and feasibility of the current
        placement goal for the child.

        (5) The likely date by which the placement goal for the
        child might be achieved.

        (5.1) Whether reasonable efforts were made to finalize
        the permanency plan in effect.

        (6) Whether the child is safe.

                                   ...

        (9) If the child has been in placement for at least 15 of
        the last 22 months or the court has determined that
        aggravated circumstances exist and that reasonable
        efforts to prevent or eliminate the need to remove the
        child from the child’s parent, guardian or custodian or to
        preserve and reunify the family need not be made or
        continue to be made, whether the county agency has filed
        or sought to join a petition to terminate parental rights
        and to identify, recruit, process and approve a qualified
        family to adopt the child unless:

          (i) the child is being cared for by a relative best
          suited to the physical, mental and moral welfare of
          the child;

          (ii) the county agency has documented a compelling
          reason for determining that filing a petition to
          terminate parental rights would not serve the needs
          and welfare of the child; or

          (iii) the child’s family has not been provided with
          necessary services to achieve the safe return to the
          child’s parent, guardian or custodian within the time
          frames set forth in the permanency plan.

                                  . . .

     (f.1)   Additional determination.   — Based   upon    the
     determinations made under subsection (f) and all relevant

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      evidence presented at the hearing, the court shall determine one
      of the following:

                                      ...

         (2) If and when the child will be placed for adoption, and
         the county agency will file for termination of parental
         rights in cases where return to the child’s parent,
         guardian or custodian is not best suited to the safety,
         protection and physical, mental and moral welfare of the
         child.
                                   ...

42 Pa.C.S § 6351(f)(1)-(6), (9); (f.1)(2); see also Pennsylvania Rule of

Judicial Court Procedure 1608(D)(3) (providing, “If the child has been in

placement for fifteen of the last twenty-two months, the court may direct

the county agency to file a petition to terminate parental rights”).

      We have stated that, “[t]hese statutory mandates clearly place the

trial court’s focus on the best interests of the child.” In re S.B., 943 A.2d
973, 978 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation omitted). “Safety, permanency, and

well-being of the child must take precedence over all other considerations.”

Id. (citation omitted) (emphasis in original).

      Further, this Court has explained:

      The agency is not required to offer services indefinitely, where a
      parent is unable to properly apply the instruction provided. In
      re A.L.D., 797 A.2d 326, 340 (Pa. Super. 2002). See also In
      re S.B., supra at 981 (giving priority to child’s safety and
      stability,  despite  parent’s    substantial   compliance     with
      permanency plan); In re A.P., 728 A.2d 375, 379, (Pa. Super.
      1999), appeal denied, 560 Pa. 693, 743 A.2d 912 (1999)
      (holding where, despite willingness, parent cannot meet
      “irreducible minimum parental responsibilities, the needs of the
      child must prevail over the rights of the parent”). Thus, even
      where the parent makes earnest efforts, the “court cannot and

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      will not subordinate indefinitely a child’s need for permanence
      and stability to a parent’s claims of progress and hope for the
      future.” In re Adoption of R.J.S., 901 A.2d 502, 513 (Pa.
      Super. 2006).

In re R.M.G., 997 A.2d at 347.

      Instantly, on appeal, Appellants argue that the trial court abused its

discretion and/or committed an error of law by ordering that the Agency file

a petition for the involuntary termination of Mother’s parental rights.

Specifically, they argue that Mother was in substantial compliance with the

requirements of her permanency plan, and that her conduct does not

warrant involuntary termination.    In fact, the Agency asserts that Mother

“should not be held accountable for her paramour’s recreational drug use.”

Agency’s Brief at 13. Further, Appellants argue that a bond exists between

Child and Mother, and that termination would be contrary to the Child’s

needs and welfare.      Lastly, Mother argues that the court abused its

discretion in “suddenly and drastically reducing visitation from five . . . days

and four . . . nights per week to just two . . . weekends per month.”

Mother’s Brief at 19-20. We disagree.

      In the subject order, the trial court indeed found that Mother has

substantially complied with her permanency plan in that she has “positive

interactions with the Child, . . . has attended twelve sessions of counseling

with Ben Yaroch, in which she has been cooperative, and has obtained

appropriate housing and daycare for the Child.”        Order, 11/2/16, at 1.

However, the court disagreed with the Agency that Mother has made

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substantial progress towards reunification and that it would not serve Child’s

needs and welfare for the Agency to file an involuntary termination petition.

The court found:

       Mother has exhibited a course of conduct that could jeopardize
       the safety of the Child were they to be reunited at this time.
       The conduct centers around Mother’s involvement with her
       current paramour, [G.B.]. In testimony, Mother admitted to
       lying to the caseworker about the extent of [G.B.]’s involvement
       with the Child. This contact was contrary to the May 18, 2016
       Order of Court strictly prohibiting unsupervised contact between
       [G.B.] and the Child pending resolution of [G.B.]’s Allegheny
       County criminal case involving possession of a controlled
       substance. [G.B.], in testimony at this [h]earing, admitted prior
       drug use in his lifetime, but represented that a current drug
       screen would show a negative result. Upon being immediately
       subject to a drug screen, however, [G.B.] tested positive for
       cocaine. This misrepresentation is worrisome as [G.B.] appears
       heavily involved with the Child, and Mother and [G.B.] were
       apparently searching for a house to purchase together mere
       days before this [h]earing. The above factual scenario is even
       more troubling in light of the situation which led to the Child
       being adjudicated dependent in the first place, namely Mother’s
       then-paramour and the Father of the Child committing serious
       acts of abuse against the Child’s half-siblings and being
       criminally convicted of the same.[6] This pattern of disregard for
       the Child’s safety in favor of her relationships with various
       paramours, as well as Mother[’s] and her paramour’s willingness
       to misrepresent facts to the Agency and this [c]ourt exhibits why
       the Agency’s preceding reason does NOT constitute adequate
       justification for the Agency neither filing nor joining a petition to
       terminate parental rights.

____________________________________________

6
  There is no evidence in the certified record before this Court that Father
committed serious acts of abuse against any of Child’s half-siblings other
than A.M., as discussed supra.

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Order, 11/2/16, at 2-3 (emphasis in original).           The testimonial evidence

supports the court’s findings.

      The evidence supports the court’s finding that Mother lied to the

Agency caseworker.      It is important to note that the May 18, 2016 order

permitted Child to be in the presence of G.B., but only when supervised.

The testimony is ambiguous as to whether Mother complied with that order.

Nevertheless, Ms. Skovira, the Agency caseworker, testified on direct

examination as follows.

      Q. Has [Mother] acknowledged that she has continued to allow
      [G.B.] to see [Child] under either her or her mother’s [Maternal
      Grandmother’s] supervision?

      A. Well, when we spoke in September, she told me they had no
      contact since our last court hearing. Ben Yaroch informed me
      that they had three contacts since the last court hearing, and I
      asked about it to [Mother] this morning on why she wasn’t
      truthful with me. She said that she felt that [Child and G.B.]
      had a bonded relationship, and she didn’t want to take that away
      from [Child].

       And I’m guessing she was just scared to tell me the truth
      because she wasn’t sure maybe what I wanted to hear.

N.T., 11/2/16, at 63.

      Mother   testified     on   direct   examination    with   respect   to   her

untruthfulness as follows.

      Q. The caseworker stated that you have been untruthful with her
      on some occasions. Can you describe the circumstances and . . .
      if you were untruthful?

      A. She had asked if [G.B.] had been around [Child]. And I don’t
      know how to explain my thought process, but, yes, [G.B.] has
      been around [Child]. They had grown such a bond between

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      November and the last hearing in May that to take [Child] away
      from him, hurt [Child]. [Child] asked about him. [Child] wanted
      to see him, and it killed me to see [Child], yet again, losing
      somebody else that he was attached to. So, yes, I made a poor
      decision by not telling the caseworker, but as a mother, I
      watched my son go through withdrawal from him, because they
      do have a very strong bond.

      Like [G.B.] said, one day [Child] says “G,” the next day it’s
      “daddy.” That’s who has stepped into [Child]’s life . . . as a
      father figure to [Child]. [Child] looks up to him.      [Child]
      respects him.

Id. at 89-90.    Thus, the testimonial evidence supports the court’s factual

finding in this regard. Further, we deem reasonable the court’s conclusion

that Mother’s untruthfulness, in part, “exhibited a course of conduct that

could jeopardize the safety of the Child were [he and Mother] reunited at

this time.” Order, 11/2/16, at 2.

      With respect to G.B.’s illegal drug use, G.B. testified as follows on

inquiry by the trial court.

      Q. How long have you used cocaine?

      A. Not very long, and I don’t use it frequently. . . .

      Q. Give me more of a better answer than “not very long.”
      When’s the first time you used cocaine? And you are 38 years
      old and now, so –

      A. The first time I used cocaine would probably be three years
      ago.

      Q. Any other drug use at all?

      A. No. I used to smoke pot back in the day. I do not smoke pot
      anymore.

      Q. What’s back in the day?

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     A. I haven’t smoked pot for over two years now.

     Q. Did you smoke since you were a teenager up to two years
     ago?

     A. Probably off and on since I was 22.      I didn’t really smoke
     when I was a kid.

     Q. So for 14 years you smoked marijuana?

     A. Off and on, here and there. It wasn’t a habitual thing.

     Q. It wasn’t habitual thing?

     A. No.

     Q. So it was recreational use?

     A. Yeah. Like I said, if I was somewhere and someone had it --
     I’m just -- I try to be transparent with you.

Id. at 54-55.

     With respect to G.B.’s representation about the results of a drug test if

one were to be performed on the day of the hearing, G.B. testified on cross-

examination by the GAL as follows.

     Q. If the [c]ourt were to ask you to take a drug or alcohol test
     today, would you be available to do that?

     A. I suppose.

     Q. Are you currently under the influence of any kind of drugs or
     alcohol?

     A. No.

     Q. And include medications in that.           Do you take any
     medications on a regular basis?

     A. No.

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       Q. None?

       A. I rarely even take Advil, but I did take some of that this
       morning because my back was hurting.

Id. at 51-52.       Contrary to Appellants’ assertion, we conclude that this

testimony supports the trial court’s finding that G.B. represented that a drug

screen performed on the day of the hearing would render a negative result

when, in fact, it did not.

       Based on the foregoing testimonial evidence, the trial court inquired of

Ms. Skovira whether the Agency is concerned about Mother’s relationship

with G.B.

       Q. Does it cause you concern that [Mother] wants to perhaps. . .
       move in with [G.B.]?[7]

       A. When we had the discussion, I offered [Mother] advice that
       she should try to get her own apartment and be on her own to
       be with [Child] before moving in with the boyfriend.

       Q. And how was that received?

       A. She wanted to move in with [G.B.]. . . .

       Q. Contrary to the advice?

       A. Yes. She said . . . she’s a single mom, and . . . it would be
       hard for her to be a single mom in an apartment by herself with
       [Child].

____________________________________________

7
  Mother acknowledged on cross-examination by the GAL that she and G.B.
were actively looking for a house together on the Sunday prior to the subject
proceedings. N.T., 11/2/16, at 94-95.

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      Q. Now, you had asked her if [G.B.] had seen the child.         She
      said, “no” from May through September?

      A. Yes.

      Q. And then you talk to Ben Yaroch, and he said there were
      three contacts, that he knows of, at least; correct?

      A. Yes.

      Q. So at that point in time, her v[e]racity is in question; correct?

      A. Correct.

      Q. And she lied to you?

      A. Correct.

      Q. So you know she’s not lying to you about telling you that
      [G.B.] wasn’t with this child in an unsupervised capacity?

      A. I don’t know if she’s telling the truth.

      Q. Does it not cause you concern that [Mother] wants to move in
      with a man who indicated through his testimony that he’s been
      occasionally utilizing cocaine in the last three years and that he
      smoked marijuana for a period of 14 years, maybe more?

      A. That is concerning.

Id. at 79-80. Nevertheless, Ms. Skovira explained on cross-examination by

the GAL, “It causes us concern, but I feel, as an agency, we are just willing

to, you know, give her a chance to reunify with him because everyone is still

going to be involved with [Child].      And if she’s still living with grandma,

grandma will also be involved in [Child’s] well-being.” Id. at 77-78.

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      We conclude that the foregoing testimonial evidence supports the

permanency review order. Indeed, upon careful review, we agree with the

trial court’s following conclusion.

      [T]he record reflects examples of Mother’s progress, but even
      more so Mother’s continual, worrisome regression. The situation
      which led to [Child] being adjudicated dependent had to do with
      Mother being unable to put the needs of her children above
      those of a paramour. After [29] months with her child in Agency
      care, Mother is still displaying these behaviors in an unremitting
      pattern.

Trial Court Opinion, 1/30/17, at 4 (unpaginated).

      Further, we agree with the trial court’s reasoning in response to

Appellants’ arguments on appeal that Mother’s conduct does not warrant

termination of her parental rights and that termination would be contrary to

Child’s needs and welfare. The court stated they “are ripe for consideration

at a termination proceeding. . . . [I]t was not an abuse of discretion for the

[c]ourt to order the Agency to move forward toward an in-depth exploration

of the same, bearing in mind [Child]’s need for permanency upon being

placed in the child welfare system for upwards of [29] months.” Trial Court

Opinion, 1/30/17, at 4 (unpaginated).

      Finally, with respect to Mother’s issue wherein she asserts the court

abused its discretion in significantly reducing her visitation, her argument is

flawed.   Mother asserts, “[r]eunification remains the goal of the WCCB,

therefore visitation should not be limited.” Mother’s Brief at 19. This Court

has held that, when the placement goal is reunification, visitation may not

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be denied or reduced unless it poses a grave threat to the child. See In re

C.J., 729 A.2d 89, 95 (Pa. Super. 1999). The subject order provided that

the current placement goal of reunification “is NOT appropriate and/or NOT

feasible.” Order, 11/2/16, at 2 (emphasis in original). As such, pursuant to

Section 6351(f.1)(2), supra, the court ordered the Agency to file petitions

for the involuntary termination of Mother’s and Father’s parental rights. Id.

at 4.     Therefore, the subject order changed the placement goal from

reunification to adoption. Mother’s assertion fails.

        We further reject Mother’s argument that “the trial court did not make

the needs of the minor child the paramount concern by not considering the

potential emotional and psychological impact of suddenly and drastically

reducing visitation. . . .” Mother’s Brief at 19. Upon thorough review, we

conclude that the trial court carefully considered the statutory mandates in

light of the record evidence and placed its focus on the best interests of the

Child. Specifically, it is important to note that the testimonial evidence of

Child’s foster mother, A.E., and the CASA, Mr. Kindle, discussed above,

supports the order reducing Mother’s visitation in that the frequency of the

visitation transitions was having a negative effect on Child. We discern no

abuse of discretion by the court in fashioning the subject order, which placed

Child’s safety, permanency, and well-being above all other considerations.

See In re S.B. Accordingly, we affirm the order.

        Order affirmed.

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     President Judge Emeritus Ford Elliott joins the opinion.

     Judge Strassburger files a concurring and dissenting opinion.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 8/18/2017

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