Court Opinion

ID: 2808844
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-06-16 19:07:41.575024+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:30:10.620166
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

                              NO. 2013-CA-02152-COA

HIGHLAND COLONY LAND COMPANY LLC                                        APPELLANT

v.

JIMMY G. GOURAS D/B/A URBAN PLANNING                                      APPELLEE
CONSULTANTS

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                        11/20/2013
TRIAL JUDGE:                             HON. JOHN HUEY EMFINGER
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:               MADISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                 RICHARD WILLIAM WISE
                                         KAYTIE MICHELLE PICKETT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:                   ROBERT R. BAILESS
NATURE OF THE CASE:                      CIVIL - CONTRACT
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION:                 GRANTED SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN
                                         FAVOR OF DEFENDANT/APPELLEE
DISPOSITION:                             REVERSED AND RENDERED: 06/16/2015
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

      EN BANC.

      GRIFFIS, P.J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1.   This case involves the interpretation of a contract between Highland Colony Land

Company LLC (“Highland Colony”) and Jimmy G. Gouras, doing business as Urban

Planning Consultants Inc. (“Gouras”). Gouras sued Highland Colony for breach of contract

and $85,700.24 in actual damages. Both parties moved for summary judgment. The

Madison County Circuit Court granted summary judgment in favor of Gouras. We reverse

and render.

                                        FACTS
¶2.    Highland Colony hired Gouras, a consultant, to assist in locating and obtaining

federal, state, and local funding, including tax-increment financing (TIF), for real-estate

development. TIF allows a real-estate developer to develop an area of a city, with the city

paying a portion of the costs through increased tax revenues generated from the development.

¶3.    In 2003, Highland Colony and Gouras entered into a contract in which Highland

Colony agreed to pay Gouras a $115-an-hour fee, as well as a bonus for any secured TIF

funding.1 The contract provided a bonus to Gouras under the Grant Bonus Schedule

(“Schedule”). The bonus was established at 3% of the principal amount of funding secured

if the funding exceeded $10,000,000. The contract specified that the 3% bonus would not

apply to the first $6,000,000 of TIF funding.

¶4.    Gouras secured TIF funding with the City of Ridgeland in the amount of $35,000,000.

In June 2006, Highland Colony and the City entered into a Security and Reimbursement

Agreement (“SRA”). Highland Colony agreed to construct a development on Highland

Colony Parkway, and the City agreed to issue its TIF bonds in one or more series in the

principal amount not to exceed the $35,000,000. Gouras was not a party to the SRA.

¶5.    In 2009, the City adopted a bond resolution to control the first issuance of TIF bonds

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         The contract reads “upon reimbursement of eligible costs to Bailey.” H.C. Bailey
manages Highland Colony Land Company LLC. Bailey signed the contract in his
representative capacity. There is no dispute that “Bailey” means “Highland Colony Land
Company LLC” in the context of this contract. Likewise, the contract referred to “UPC,”
rather than Gouras. The parties also agree that Gouras was the assignee of Urban Planning
Consultants.

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and any subsequently issued TIF bonds. As part of the Bond Resolution, the City created a

Tax Increment Debt Service Reserve Fund to meet any principal and interest payment

deficiency in the City’s bond fund for future years. The Reserve Fund’s terms provided that,

if no payment deficiency existed when the bonds matured – 2029 at the earliest – the City

would release the money to Highland Colony. The City issued its first series of TIF bonds

in 2009 in the amount of $24,625,000. The City withheld $1,953,681 for deposit into the

Reserve Fund. The City issued its second series of TIF bonds in 2011 in the amount of

$10,375,000, withholding $903,024 for deposit into the Reserve Fund. So the City placed

a total amount of $2,856,675 in the fund.

¶6.    Highland Colony paid Gouras $884,299, which represented his hourly fee, and a 25%

bonus. At the time of the 2009 bond issue, Highland Colony paid Gouras 3% of the total

bond proceeds as provided in the Schedule, including proceeds placed in the Reserve Fund.

For the 2011 bond issue, however, Highland Colony did not pay Gouras any percentage of

what was held in the Reserve Fund. Instead, Highland Colony withheld paying the 3% bonus

on the amount placed in the Reserve Fund, and, as well, withheld an amount equal to the 3%

Highland Colony had previously paid Gouras from the 2009 bonds. Gouras objected, and,

after an exchange of letters, he sued Highland Colony, claiming Highland Colony owed him

the balance due on his 3% bonus based on the full amount of the proceeds secured and paid

to Highland Colony, whether directly or into the Reserve Fund. The balance due, as agreed

by both parties, was $85,700.24. Highland Colony moved for summary judgment, claiming

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the amount was not yet due under the terms of the contract. Gouras filed a cross-motion for

summary judgment, which the circuit court granted.

                               STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶7.    This Court reviews grants of summary judgment de novo. Bradley v. Kelley Bros.

Contractors, 117 So. 3d 331, 336 (¶21) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013). Summary judgment is proper

when there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to a judgment

as a matter of law. M.R.C.P. 56(c).

                                      DISCUSSION

¶8.    “Questions concerning construction of contracts are questions of law.” Chapel Hill

LLC v. SoilTech Consultants Inc., 112 So. 3d 1097, 1099 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013)

(citation and quotation omitted). Further, “[w]hen a contract is clear and unambiguous, this

Court is not ‘concerned with what the parties may have meant or intended but rather with

what they said, for the language employed in a contract is the surest guide to what was

intended.’” Id. (quoting Shaw v. Burchfield, 481 So. 2d 247, 252 (Miss. 1985)).

¶9.    Highland Colony and Gouras agree that the contract is unambiguous and that

summary judgment is proper. They also agree that the Schedule, included in their 2003

contract, controls Gouras’s payment of $85,700.24. The sole issue on appeal is when the

payment is due. The relevant portion of the Schedule provides that “for Tax Increment

Financing, bonus shall be paid 25% upon execution of the project agreement/security and

reimbursement agreement, and the balance shall be paid upon reimbursement of eligible costs

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to [Highland Colony.]”

¶10.   The parties ask this Court to determine whether Highland Colony has been reimbursed

for eligible costs pursuant to the Schedule.          Highland Colony claims that some

“reimbursement of eligible costs” is still located in the Reserve Fund, so it cannot pay Gouras

the remainder until the money is released (2029 for the 2009 bonds, and 2031 for the 2011

bonds). Gouras claims that Highland Colony already received sufficient “reimbursement of

eligible costs” from the 2009 and 2011 bonds to allow it to pay the remaining $85,700.24

upon its receipt. Gouras also argues that the SRA between Highland Colony and the City,

which did not exist when their contract was executed, has no bearing on when he is owed

under the Schedule.

¶11.   Highland Colony contracted with Gouras for his expertise and assistance to obtain

public financing for a real-estate development. Gouras was successful. He was able to assist

Highland Colony in a complex financing arrangement. For his efforts, under the agreement,

Gouras was well compensated. Highland Colony paid Gouras $884,299 as compensation.

¶12.   Ultimately, the City retained $2,586,675 of the TIF funds in the Reserve Fund.

Highland Colony and Gouras agree that Gouras is owed $85,700.24 as compensation, under

the agreement, for the amounts retained in the Reserve Fund. In this lawsuit, Gouras claims

he is owed the $85,700.24 now. Highland Colony argues that he is to be paid when Highland

Colony actually receives the $2,586,675 from the Reserve Fund. The only dispute is when

Gouras is to be paid.

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¶13.   The trial court held that “[Highland Colony]’s ‘reimbursement of eligible costs’ from

the second bond issue was more than sufficient to pay [Gouras] all [Gouras] was due in

bonus payments from that issue.” (Emphasis added). As a result, the trial court ordered

Highland Colony to pay Gouras his percentage of the funds held in the Reserve Fund. In

essence, the trial court required Highland Colony to pay Gouras compensation even though

Highland Colony has not received the full $35,000,000. As a result, the trial court read the

controlling contractual language to not require that Highland Colony “actually receive” all

the funds used for the project.

¶14.   We disagree. The agreement between Highland Colony and Gouras established when

Gouras is due the bonus payment: “[F]or Tax Increment Financing, bonus shall be paid 25%

upon execution of project agreement/security and reimbursement agreement, and balance

shall be paid upon reimbursement of eligible costs to [Highland Colony].” (Emphasis

added).   The language “balance shall be paid upon reimbursement of eligible costs to

[Highland Colony]” means that Highland Colony must pay Gouras “upon reimbursement of

eligible costs.” As a result, we find that the parties agreed that Gouras is to be paid when

Highland Colony actually receives the money.

¶15.   Gouras argues that the payment is to be made when Gouras “secured” the payment.

Section 3(c) of the agreement sets Gouras’s bonus compensation: “For services identified

under Subsection 2(c) above, [Highland Colony] agrees to pay [Gouras] based on the grant

bonus schedule attached in Exhibit B, a percentage of the principal amount of all sources of

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funding which [Gouras] identifies and secures for [Highland Colony] to be used for the

Project.” Indeed, Gouras must secure funding for Highland Colony.

¶16.   The question then turns then to whether or when the funds held in the Reserve Fund

have been secured. Since the City has control of and the right to spend those funds and not

pay them to Highland Colony if the tax revenues on the development are not sufficient, we

find that the funds in the Reserve Fund have not been secured.

¶17.   Further, Section 3(c) provides additional specifications for TIF funding. It states that

Gouras shall receive a lump-sum payment of $40,000 for preparing TIF plans, but that if

Gouras “works with [Highland Colony] and the City of Ridgeland to obtain additional TIF

funds for this project, then the bonus provisions shall apply to all funding in excess of the

original $6,000,000.” The language of the contract is clear that the bonus provisions apply

to funding that is actually obtained by Highland Colony. Again, there is no dispute that

Highland Colony has not obtained the funds held in the Reserve Fund.

¶18.   Finally, Exhibit B to the agreement contains the controlling language discussed above,

and it states that “[i]n calculating bonus payments, the percentage factor shall be applied to

the cumulative amounts of all grants obtained for the use and benefit of the Project.”

(Emphasis added). The funds held in the Reserve Fund have not been “obtained for the use

and benefit of the Project.” Highland Colony has no ability to use these funds until the bonds

mature and the City releases the funds.

¶19.   Under the dissent’s interpretation, if upon maturity the City of Ridgeland does not pay

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Highland Colony the funds held in the Reserve Fund, we can only assume that Highland

Colony would then have an action against Gouras for the return of the $85,700.24 since it

was not ultimately “secured.” Such cannot be the case.

¶20.   In conclusion, we are of the opinion that Highland Colony owes Gouras the money

when Highland Colony is reimbursed or actually paid the funds. For these reasons, we

reverse the summary judgment entered in favor of Gouras and render summary judgment in

favor of Highland Colony.

¶21. THE JUDGMENT OF THE MADISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT IS
REVERSED AND RENDERED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED
TO THE APPELLEE.

     LEE, C.J., IRVING, P.J., BARNES, CARLTON, MAXWELL AND JAMES, JJ.,
CONCUR. FAIR, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION, JOINED
BY ISHEE AND ROBERTS, JJ.

       FAIR, J., DISSENTING:

¶22.   I must respectfully dissent as I find that circuit judge correctly held that Highland

Colony should not delay payment to Gouras of the balance of his compensation in an amount

agreed on by both parties. The Schedule for payment does not specify that, as the majority

holds, in order for Gouras to be paid, Highland Colony must “actually receive” all the funds

used for the Project. Amounts sufficient to pay Gouras’s fees of $85,700.24 were paid

directly to Highland Colony in the amount of $32,143,325 with the remainder placed into

the Reserve Fund. In context, the total amount due Gouras, to become payable as adjudicated

by the majority in 2029 and 2031, is a little more than a quarter of 1% (.00266619% actually)

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of what was paid to Highland Colony.

¶23.   Gouras fulfilled his obligation under the 2003 contract when he secured $35,000,000

in funding for the Project. His fees were payable when almost 99.75% those funds were

disbursed to Highland Colony . The $35,000,000 was “obtained for the use and benefit of

the Project,” as specified in the contract between Highland Colony and Gouras. Any delay

for release of all of those funds to Highland Colony to pay those expenses was the result of

an agreement to which Gouras was not a party. Thus, Highland Colony should not delay

Gouras’s payment based on the SRA or the City’s subsequent creation of the Reserve Fund.

Highland Colony’s ensuing dealings with the City does not alter his or Gouras’s performance

under the 2003 contract. I would affirm the circuit court’s grant of summary judgment in

favor of Gouras.

       ISHEE AND ROBERTS, JJ., JOIN THIS OPINION.

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