Court Opinion

ID: 2767202
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-01-07 16:01:18.728229+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:46:29.131065
License: Public Domain

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                          File Name: 15a0016n.06

                                          No. 14-1349
                                                                                       FILED
                          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         Jan 07, 2015
                               FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT                         DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk

MARK HILLER; TONYA HILLER,                             )
                                                       )
       Plaintiffs-Appellants,                          )
                                                       )   ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
v.                                                     )   STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR
                                                       )   THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF
HSBC FINANCE CORPORATION, et al.,                      )   MICHIGAN
                                                       )
       Defendants-Appellees.                           )
                                                       )
                                                       )

BEFORE: COLE, Chief Judge; KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judge; OLIVER, District Judge.

       PER CURIAM.        Mark and Tonya Hiller (the “Hillers”) appeal the district court’s

judgment dismissing their complaint arising from their application for a mortgage loan, their

attempts to modify that loan, and the institution of foreclosure proceedings by HSBC Finance

Corporation (“HSBC”). As set forth below, we affirm.

       The Hillers filed their complaint against HSBC and two unknown defendants in Michigan

state court. After removing the case to the district court based on diversity of citizenship, HSBC

answered the complaint and moved for judgment on the pleadings or, in the alternative, summary

judgment. In response, the Hillers voluntarily dismissed several claims, leaving their claims for

violation of Michigan’s foreclosure by advertisement statutes, breach of contract, and intentional

and constructive fraud, and filed their own motion for judgment on the pleadings. After a


 The Honorable Solomon Oliver, Jr., Chief United States District Judge for the Northern District
of Ohio, sitting by designation.
No. 14-1349
Hiller v. HSBC Fin. Corp.

hearing on the cross-motions for judgment on the pleadings, the Hillers moved for leave to file

an amended complaint. The district court denied the Hillers’ motion for leave to amend, granted

HSBC’s motion for judgment on the pleadings, and denied the Hillers’ other motions. This

timely appeal followed.

       The Hillers contend that the district court erred in denying their motion for leave to file

an amended complaint. We review the district court’s denial of leave to amend for abuse of

discretion. Glazer v. Chase Home Fin. LLC, 704 F.3d 453, 458 (6th Cir. 2013). “The court

should freely give leave when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). But the court may

deny leave based on “undue delay, bad faith or dilatory motive on the part of the movant [and]

undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue of allowance of the amendment,” among other

reasons. Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962).

       Relying on Glazer, in which this court upheld the denial of leave to amend under similar

circumstances, the district court denied the Hillers’ motion based on delay and bad faith on their

part and prejudice to HSBC. The Hillers filed their motion for leave to amend after the parties’

cross-motions for judgment on the pleadings had been fully briefed and argued before the district

court. On appeal, the Hillers claim that they were waiting on HSBC to provide discovery needed

to amend their complaint. But the Hillers went ahead and filed their motion for leave to amend

without that discovery. The Hillers’ assertions on appeal that they merely sought to “tighten up”

their existing claims further demonstrate that they could have filed their motion earlier than

nearly nine months after the filing of the original complaint. “[A]llowing amendment under

these circumstances would encourage delay and bad faith on the part of plaintiffs and prejudice

defendants who would have wasted time and expense attacking a hypothetical complaint.”

                                              -2-
No. 14-1349
Hiller v. HSBC Fin. Corp.

Glazer, 704 F.3d at 458-59. The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the Hillers’

motion for leave to file an amended complaint.

          The Hillers next argue that the district court erred in dismissing the two unknown

defendants. In removing this case, HSBC asserted that the Hillers fraudulently joined two

unknown defendants—“Unknown Trustee,” the trustee of “the currently unknown asset-backed

security in which the loan at issue was pooled,” and “Unknown Trust, the currently unknown

holders of said asset-backed security.” The Hillers did not move to remand the case and omitted

the unknown defendants from their proposed amended complaint. Stating that there was no

objection from the Hillers, the district court dismissed the unknown defendants as fraudulently

joined.

          “On motion or on its own, the court may at any time, on just terms, add or drop a party.”

Fed. R. Civ. P. 21. We review the district court’s decision to drop a misjoined party pursuant to

Rule 21 for abuse of discretion. Sutherland v. Mich. Dep’t of Treasury, 344 F.3d 603, 612 (6th

Cir. 2003). The Hillers make no argument that the unknown defendants were necessary parties.

See Safeco Ins. Co. of Am. v. City of White House, Tenn., 36 F.3d 540, 545 (6th Cir. 1994). We

can discern no abuse of discretion in the district court’s dismissal of the unknown defendants.

          The Hillers contend that the district court prematurely granted judgment on the pleadings

because discovery was not complete. “After the pleadings are closed—but early enough not to

delay trial—a party may move for judgment on the pleadings.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c). In

granting judgment on the pleadings in favor of HSBC, the district court applied the Rule 12(b)(6)

standard for failure to state a claim and did not consider any evidence outside the pleadings.

Further discovery would not have impacted the district court’s decision, which was based solely

on the pleadings. In support of their argument that the district court’s decision was premature,

                                                -3-
No. 14-1349
Hiller v. HSBC Fin. Corp.

the Hillers cite cases involving motions for summary judgment, not motions for judgment on the

pleadings. See CenTra, Inc. v. Estrin, 538 F.3d 402, 419-20 (6th Cir. 2008); Routman v.

Automatic Data Processing, Inc., 873 F.2d 970, 971-72 (6th Cir. 1989). The Hillers do not

otherwise challenge the district court’s decision to grant judgment on the pleadings in favor of

HSBC.

        Again citing a summary judgment case, see Bobo v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 665 F.3d

741, 751-54 (6th Cir. 2012), the Hillers argue that the district court erred in denying their motion

to compel discovery. The district court’s judgment on the pleadings rendered the Hillers’ motion

moot.

        For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the district court’s judgment.

                                               -4-