Court Opinion

ID: 1077790
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:24:33.849226+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:28:43.786753
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present:   Judges Benton, Coleman and Willis

MARY RYDER BRETT

v.   Record No. 1511-95-4                      MEMORANDUM OPINION *
                                                   PER CURIAM
LAWRENCE G. BRETT                                 JUNE 4, 1996

             FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY
                      Thomas S. Kenny, Judge

            (Mary Ryder Brett, pro se, on brief).
            No brief for appellee.

     Mary R. Brett (mother) appeals the decision of the circuit

court granting the motion of Lawrence G. Brett (father) to reduce

spousal and child support and deciding other issues.     Mother

raises the following issues on appeal:
     (1) whether the court erred in granting father's
          motion for reconsideration more than twenty-
          one days after entry of its March 3, 1995
          order;

     (2)   whether the court erred in denying mother's
           motion to dismiss father's motion to reduce
           support where father's motion failed to
           allege a material change in circumstances
           justifying a reduction in support;

     (3)   whether the court erred in denying mother's
           motion to dismiss father's motion to reduce
           support when father was over $66,000 in
           arrearages in spousal and child support;

     (4)   whether the court erred in denying mother's
           motion to reduce arrearages to judgment
           pursuant to terms of final divorce decree;

     *
      Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
designated for publication.
     (5)   whether the court erred in denying mother's
           motion to dismiss when father failed to
           appear to testify for nine months;

     (6)   whether the court erred in refusing to enter
           as admitted mother's Request for Admissions
           when father had not responded within twenty-
           one days, as required by Rule 4:11, and in
           failing to dismiss father's motion to reduce
           support;

     (7)   whether the court erred in denying mother's
           motion to strike at the June 7, 1995 trial;

     (8)   whether the court erred in imputing only
           $30,000 in income to father;
     (9)   whether the court erred in retroactively
           modifying child and spousal support beginning
           August 1, 1994 and prospectively modifying
           child and spousal support beginning August 1,
           1995;

     (10) whether the court erred in granting father
          retroactive relief based upon the filing of
          the motion despite father's failure to have
          the motion heard until June 1995;

     (11) whether the court erred in finding Antonelli
          v. Antonelli, 242 Va. 152, 409 S.E.2d 117
          (1991) was not applicable;

     (12) whether the court erred in failing to state
          that it considered all the statutory factors
          before reducing child support; and

     (13) whether the court erred in failing to state
          that it considered all the statutory factors
          before reducing spousal support.

Upon reviewing the record and opening brief, we conclude that

this appeal is without merit.   Accordingly, we summarily affirm

the decision of the trial court.       Rule 5A:27.

                       Motion to Reconsider
     In 1993, both parties filed motions in the trial court to

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modify spousal support.    By order dated March 3, 1995, the trial

judge memorialized his ruling following a June 25, 1993 hearing

"[F]inding no change in circumstances warranting relief by either

party," the trial judge denied the motion of both parties." 1   By

order dated April 6, 1995, the court granted leave to the father

to move for reconsideration of the March 3, 1995 order denying

his 1993 motion for a reduction of support.    Mother contends that

the trial court erred by entering an order granting

reconsideration of the March 3 order when it became final, under

Rule 1:1, twenty-one days after its entry, which was March 24,

1995.
        The record does not contain either a motion to reconsider or

a ruling by the trial judge on a motion to reconsider.

Therefore, whether or not the trial judge had jurisdiction to

grant leave to the father to file a motion to reconsider, no

further action occurred.    Thus, the appeal raises no justiciable

controversy that resulted from entry of the order.    Accordingly,

the issue is moot.     See Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Haworth, 300 U.S.
227, 240-41 (1937); Historic Landmarks Comm. v. Louisa Co., 217

        1
          The trial court struck and, thereby, deleted from the
original draft order the phrase, "the order of support entered by
the Honorable William Plummer October 31, 1991 shall remain in
effect." The record shows that at the conclusion of a 1991
hearing on a motion by father to reduce child support, Judge
Plummer ordered father to pay $1,000 per month in child support
and $200 per month in spousal support. No written order
memorializing Judge Plummer's ruling was ever entered. On April
2, 1993, mother filed a motion to increase support noting that
Judge Plummer in 1991 set support at $1,200.

                                   3
Va. 468, 476, 230 S.E.2d 449, 454 (1976).

                                4
                         Motion to Dismiss

     Mother raises several challenges to the trial court's denial

of her motion to dismiss father's 1994 motion to reduce support.

Mother contends father failed to allege a material change in

circumstances justifying a reduction in support.   Father's motion

alleged that, following a job loss, his income was reduced to

$185 per week in unemployment benefits.   Father also alleged that

mother's income exceeded his, alleviating the need for spousal

support.   Those were sufficient allegations of a change in

circumstances to withstand a motion to dismiss.
     Mother argues that laches should have barred the court from

hearing father's motion because father never intended to appear

to testify in support of his motion.   "[L]aches has been defined

as an omission to assert a right for an unreasonable time and

unexplained length of time, under circumstances prejudicial to

the adverse party," Finkel Outdoor Products, Inc. v. Bell, 205
Va. 927, 933, 140 S.E.2d 695, 699 (1965), or as "'such neglect or

omission to do what one should do as warrants the presumption

that he has abandoned his claim, and declines to assert his

right.'"   Pittman v. Pittman, 208 Va. 476, 479, 158 S.E.2d 746,

749 (1968) (citation omitted).   Whether to apply laches to an

equitable claim is a matter left to the discretion of the trial

court.   In light of father's residence in Arizona, his loss of

employment, and his subsequent hospitalization, the trial court

could reject mother's contentions that father never intended to

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appear.   Accordingly, we cannot say the trial court abused its

discretion in denying mother's motion to dismiss.

             Request to Reduce Arrearages to Judgment

     On March 30, 1995, mother filed a show cause petition

seeking to hold father in contempt for failing to pay $2,400 a

month in spousal and child support since July 1991.     In her

supporting affidavit, mother asserted that the last order of

child and spousal support entered by the court was the September

18, 1990 final decree of divorce, which set child and spousal

support at $1,200 each.   Mother's affidavit noted that father

complied with the order until July 1991, then paid $1,200 per

month for the period from July 1991 to July 1994, $185 per month

from August 1994 through November 1994, and $50 per month for

December 1994 until March 1995.   The trial judge granted mother's

rule to show cause and a hearing was held on April 6, 1995.      The

trial judge then denied mother's request to enter judgment on the

alleged arrearages.
     The trial court did not err in denying mother's request for

support arrearages.   The record demonstrates that, after the

entry of the final decree in 1990, both parties filed motions to

adjust support.   These motions were heard by Judge Plummer on

October 31, 1991.   The transcript of that hearing indicates that

the trial judge reduced the amount of spousal support to $200 and

the amount of child support to $1,000.   No written order

incorporating the trial judge's ruling was ever entered.

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     After Judge Plummer set $1,200 as the total amount of

support, the parties conducted themselves according to that

order.   Mother's affidavit in support of her show cause petition

acknowledged that father paid $1,200 per month for the period

July 1991 through July 1994.   Thus, mother's own evidence

indicates that father was paying $1,200 in 1993 when Judge Kenney

found that circumstances did not warrant changing the current

amount of support.   While Judge Kenney's order did not indicate

the level of either spousal or child support which father was

then obligated to pay, both parties' motions indicated that the

amount of spousal support was $200.   Mother's motion also stated

that the amount of child support was $1,000.   Therefore, we

cannot say that the trial judge erred in denying mother's request

for arrearages attributable to the period prior to July 1994.
     Moreover, under Code § 20-108, support "may be modified with

respect to any period during which there is a pending petition

for modification, but only from the date that notice of such

petition has been given to the responding party."   "Whether to

make modification of a support order effective during a period

when a petition is pending is entirely within the discretion of

the trial court."    O'Brien v. Rose, 14 Va. App. 960, 965, 420
S.E.2d 246, 249 (1992).   By motion filed July 28, 1994, father

sought to decrease child support and terminate spousal support

based upon his loss of employment on June 15, 1994.   We cannot

say the trial court abused its discretion by modifying the amount

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of spousal and child support effective upon the filing of

father's 1994 petition to reduce support.    Therefore, the trial

judge's denial of mother's requests for arrearages attributable

to the period after July 1994 was also not clearly erroneous.

                        Request for Admissions

     The trial court is granted discretionary authority over the

conduct of discovery.     Helen W. v. Fairfax County Dep't of Human

Dev., 12 Va. App. 877, 887, 407 S.E.2d 25, 31 (1991).    Mother has

not shown that the court abused its discretion in declining to

accept as admitted 205 items which composed mother's Request for

Admissions.   The mother's allegation that father's answers were

one day late does not prove the trial judge abused his

discretion.
                   Modification of Child Support

     We review the evidence in the light most favorable to

father, the party prevailing below.    "The judgment of a trial

court sitting in equity, when based upon an ore tenus hearing,

will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without

evidence to support it."     Box v. Talley, 1 Va. App. 289, 293, 338
S.E.2d 349, 351 (1986).    "Where a party has demonstrated a

material change in circumstances, the trial court must determine

whether that change justifies a modification in the support award

by considering 'the present circumstances of both parties and the

benefit of the children.'"     Watkinson v. Henley, 13 Va. App. 151,

156, 409 S.E.2d 470, 473 (1991) (citation omitted).

                                   8
     Father testified that his income was substantially reduced

when he lost his job in June 1994, and that he did not

voluntarily leave his position in Washington or his position with

an Arizona law firm.   While the record indicates father lost his

Washington job due to poor performance, his subsequent employment

with the Arizona firm was at a higher salary.      Father's evidence,

which the trial court found to be credible, indicated that father

made good faith efforts to find work to supplement his

unemployment benefits and sought to ameliorate his lost income by

obtaining a real estate license.       The trial court noted that

father filed his motion to reduce support promptly upon losing

his position in June 1994.   The record demonstrates that the

trial court considered the circumstances of the parties and the

expenses for the children before reducing the amount of child

support to $300 a month for the period from August 1, 1994

through August 1, 1995.   This determination is supported by

credible evidence.
     The trial court imputed annual income of $30,000 to father.

A trial court's decision to impute income will not be reversed

if it is supported by the evidence.       O'Brien v. Rose, 14 Va. App.
960, 963-64, 420 S.E.2d 246, 248 (1992) (citations omitted).

Mother relies upon Antonelli v. Antonelli, 242 Va. 152, 409
S.E.2d 117 (1991), to argue that the trial court erred in not

imputing more income to father.    In Antonelli, the father left a

salaried management position with one stock brokerage firm to

                                   9
take a commissioned sales position with a different firm several

months before a precipitous drop in the stock market.     Id. at

153, 409 S.E.2d at 118.   The Supreme Court noted that "the father

gambled with the children's ability to receive his financial

support, and lost."   Id. at 156, 409 S.E.2d at 119.    In contrast,

here the trial court determined that father did not voluntarily

take a risk which placed the children's payments in jeopardy.

Antonelli does not preclude a payor spouse from ever receiving a

reduction in support obligations when there have been

unforeseeable changes in employment and corresponding reductions

in salary.
     Based upon the actual and imputed income, both parties had

$30,000 in annual income.   The trial court used these figures to

set the amount of child support effective August 1, 1995,

pursuant to the statutory guidelines.   The guidelines are

presumed to be correct.   Code § 20-108.2(A).   Therefore, as

credible evidence supports the court's findings and the amount of

child support was set pursuant to statutory guidelines, we find

no error in the trial court's decision.
                 Modification of Spousal Support

     Under Code § 20-109, the court is authorized to "increase,

decrease, or terminate spousal support and maintenance . . . as

the circumstances may make proper."   Mother contends that the

trial court erred in failing to state that it considered the

statutory factors, presumably the factors set out in Code

                                10
§ 20-107.1, prior to reducing the amount of spousal support.     The

court is required to consider the statutory factors when the

amount of spousal support is initially determined.    Subsequently,

a party seeking to modify support must prove "both a material

change in circumstances and that this change warrants a

modification of support."   Schoenwetter v. Schoenwetter, 8 Va.

App. 601, 605, 383 S.E.2d 28, 30 (1989).

     The trial court found mother's current income to be $30,000.

Mother alleged that she had $500 in monthly student loan

payments coming due and a personal injury affecting her vision

for which the prognosis was unknown.   Mother did not demonstrate

that her vision currently affected her earning ability.    The

court found that the circumstances of the parties warranted a

reduction in spousal support to $100 for the period beginning

August 1, 1994, and the discontinuance of spousal support as of

August 1, 1995.   Its findings are supported by credible evidence.

     Accordingly, the decision of the circuit court is summarily

affirmed.
                                                     Affirmed.

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