Court Opinion

ID: 3132284
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-17 00:45:12.585708+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:53:37.667477
License: Public Domain

Note: Decisions of a three-justice panel are not to be considered as precedent before any tribunal.

                                           ENTRY ORDER

                           SUPREME COURT DOCKET NO. 2010-310

                                        MARCH TERM, 2011

 Katheryn “Kitty” Garcia                               }    APPEALED FROM:
                                                       }
                                                       }
    v.                                                 }    Superior Court, Chittenden Unit,
                                                       }    Civil Division
                                                       }
 Alpine Glen Farm/Broadspire                           }    DOCKET NO. S0888-09 CnC

                                                            Trial Judge: Helen M. Toor

                          In the above-entitled cause, the Clerk will enter:

        Plaintiff appeals the dismissal of her workers’ compensation appeal. The civil division
concluded that it lacked jurisdiction over plaintiff’s appeal because it presented a pure question
of law. Plaintiff argues that the court was presented with a mixed question of law and fact and
therefore there is jurisdiction. We affirm the dismissal for lack of jurisdiction.

        The Department of Labor Commissioner found the following facts for purposes of
summary judgment. See V.R.C.P. 56(c); Samplid Enters., Inc. v. First Vt. Bank, 165 Vt. 22, 25
(1996) (noting that, when reviewing motion for summary judgment, facts are viewed in light
most favorable to nonmoving party). Claimant moved to Shelburne, Vermont in 2004 to work
for defendant. Her work included teaching horseback riding and acting as a barn manager. Her
employer provided her with housing. In 2006, claimant suffered a traumatic brain injury from a
work-related accident. In April 2006, defendant terminated her employment. Claimant then
relocated to California to live with her mother. She stored her belongings in a rental unit in
Chittenden Country, where they have remained.

        Claimant filed a benefits claim, seeking to recover the costs of storing her belongings and
moving the items to California. She filed a motion for summary judgment. Defendant opposed
the motion and filed its own motion for summary judgment. In opposition, claimant filed an
affidavit averring that the move was medically necessary. She did not, however, support her
claim with an expert medical opinion. The Commissioner denied the request, concluding:

                  There is no reasonable interpretation to be given the plain
                language of §640 that would encompass the storage and/or
                relocation expenses Claimant seeks. Even if the statutory
                reference to “medical and nursing services” could be interpreted to
                include them, furthermore, there is no evidence that they have been
                determined to be medically necessary. They may be desirous or
                helpful, but that is not the standard.
                  ....
                Having determined that as a matter of law the costs Claimant
               seeks are not reimbursable, there is no need to reach Defendant’s
               alternative argument that genuine issues of material fact preclude
               summary judgment in Claimant’s favor.

         Claimant appealed the Commissioner’s decision to the civil division. About six weeks
later, the Commissioner certified the following question for review: “Did the Commissioner err
in denying summary judgment for Claimant and granting summary judgment for Defendant as to
the question whether as a consequence of Claimant’s compensable injury Defendant was
obligated as a matter of law to pay for the cost of storing and/or moving Claimant’s belongings?”
Defendant filed a motion for summary judgment, claiming that the civil division lacked
jurisdiction over the appeal because it raised a pure question of law. See 21 V.S.A. § 671
(limiting appeal to superior court to “a review of questions of fact or questions of fact and law”);
id. § 672 (stating supreme court has jurisdiction over “questions of law”). Plaintiff opposed the
motion and submitted a doctor’s letter as evidence that the relocation was medically necessary.
The court dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction, concluding that the Commissioner did not
make any factual determinations, but denied claimant’s request for relocation expenses as a
matter of law. Plaintiff appealed.

        The sole question on appeal is whether the superior court had jurisdiction over claimant’s
appeal. Jurisdiction is a question of law, which we review de novo. Stoll v. Burlington Elec.
Dep’t, 2009 VT 61, ¶ 7, 186 Vt. 127. The workers’ compensation statutes provide that the civil
division has jurisdiction over appeals “of questions of fact or questions of fact and law,” 21
V.S.A. §§ 670, 671, whereas this Court has jurisdiction over pure questions of law, id. § 672.
The superior court lacks jurisdiction over a workers’ compensation appeal where the question
was decided by the Commissioner on a purely legal basis, even if factual issues are also raised
before the Commissioner but were not material to the final decision. Stoll, 2009 VT 61, ¶ 7 n.2
(explaining that right of appeal is to the Supreme Court where Commissioner’s decision does not
rest on factual issues).

        Claimant argues that her appeal to the civil division raised a mixed question of law and
fact because it challenged the Commissioner’s factual determination that her relocation expenses
were not medically necessary as well as the Commissioner’s legal conclusion that the expenses
are not covered by the statute. We conclude otherwise. The Commissioner’s decision was not
dependent on a factual determination of whether claimant’s relocation was medically necessary.
Instead, the Commissioner determined that, even accepting claimant’s version of the facts, there
was no statutory basis to award relocation expenses.∗ As the Commissioner stated: “There is no
reasonable interpretation to be given the plain language of §640 that would encompass the
storage and/or relocation expenses Claimant seeks.”

       Claimant contends that the Commissioner’s decision depended on a factual determination
because the Commissioner stated that even if the statute could be construed to cover relocation
and storage expenses, “there is no evidence that they have been determined to be medically
necessary.” While this portion of the decision references an alternative ground for denying
claimant’s request, reversal of this ground alone would not allow claimant to prevail. Moreover,

       ∗
         For purposes of this appeal, we do not review the merits of the holding itself, but
merely observe that it is a legal conclusion, not a factual determination.

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claimant’s position with respect to the alternative ground is that summary judgment should not
have been granted. That argument involves a question of law.

        The Commissioner’s decision was grounded in its conclusion that, even accepting
claimant’s version of the facts, there was no interpretation of the statute that would include
reimbursement for relocation and storage costs. This is further evidenced by the Commissioner’s
certified question, which asked whether the Commissioner erred in determining that defendant
was not obligated “as a matter of law to pay for the cost of storing and/or moving Claimant’s
belongings.” Because this is purely a legal question of law and not dependent on a disputed fact,
under the construct adopted in Stoll, the superior court lacked jurisdiction over the appeal.

       Affirmed.

                                            BY THE COURT:

                                            _______________________________________
                                            Paul L. Reiber, Chief Justice

                                            _______________________________________
                                            John A. Dooley, Associate Justice

                                            _______________________________________
                                            Marilyn S. Skoglund, Associate Justice

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