Court Opinion

ID: 4454074
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-11-07 21:00:47.24914+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:48:11.677891
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        NOV 7 2019
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

HUMBERTO MARTIN-PEREZ,                          No.    16-71722

                Petitioner,                     Agency No. A088-923-390

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                          Submitted November 4, 2019**
                              Pasadena, California

Before: SCHROEDER and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges, and ROSENTHAL,***
District Judge.

      Humberto Martin-Perez, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions for review

of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) affirming an

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable Lee H. Rosenthal, Chief United States District Judge
for the Southern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his motion to suppress and terminate removal

proceedings. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review de novo the

denial of a motion to suppress and claims of constitutional violations. Martinez-

Medina v. Holder, 673 F.3d 1029, 1033 (9th Cir. 2011). We deny the petition.

      Martin-Perez argues that the BIA erred in denying his motion to suppress

and terminate the removal proceedings because the evidence the Government

submitted to prove his alienage was the product of a stop and arrest that violated

the Fourth Amendment. Martin-Perez alleges that he was walking to work on the

evening of November 27, 2012, when two Customs and Border Protection agents

in a patrol car pulled up next to him and—solely because of his perceived Mexican

ethnicity—ordered him to stop. He panicked and ran, but he was followed and

arrested. After acquiring Martin-Perez’s name, photograph, and fingerprints, the

Government located its existing records of a 2008 deportation of Martin-Perez and

used those records to establish his alienage in the removal proceedings that

followed.

      The IJ and BIA did not err in denying Martin-Perez’s motion to suppress,

even assuming that his stop and arrest violated the Fourth Amendment and that the

Government would not have found his 2008 records had it not learned his identity

as a result of the arrest. The identity of an individual in immigration proceedings

is not suppressible, even if it came to be known through an egregious constitutional

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violation.1 See United States v. Del Toro Gudino, 376 F.3d 997, 1001 (9th Cir.

2004). And “there is no sanction to be applied when an illegal arrest only leads to

discovery of the man’s identity and that merely leads to the official file or other

independent evidence” of alienage. Id. (quoting United States v. Orozco-Rico, 589
F.2d 433, 435 (9th Cir. 1978)). The evidence of Martin-Perez’s alienage from his

2008 file was not suppressible.

      Martin-Perez contends that an exception to the no-suppression rule for

identity evidence exists when the underlying “seizure was race-based.” But Del

Toro Gudino rejected that exact argument. The non-citizen there “argued that [his]

particular stop and arrest were founded solely on [his] ‘Hispanic appearance,’ and

thus constituted an ‘egregious’ violation of the Fourth Amendment to which the

non-suppression-of-identity rule . . . did not apply.” Id. at 998. We disagreed,

clarifying that “the simple fact of who a defendant is cannot be excluded,

regardless of the nature of the violation leading to [the discovery of] his identity.”

      1
        We derived this no-suppression rule from the Supreme Court’s statement in
INS v. Lopez-Mendoza, 468 U.S. 1032 (1984), that “[t]he ‘body’ or identity of a
defendant or respondent in a criminal or civil proceeding is never itself
suppressible as a fruit of an unlawful arrest.” Id. at 1039. As Martin-Perez points
out, and we have recognized, several other circuits “have held that Lopez-Mendoza
‘merely confirmed the jurisdictional rule that an unlawful arrest has no bearing on
the validity of a subsequent proceeding,’ rather than ‘creat[ing] an evidentiary rule
insulating specific pieces of identity-related evidence from suppression.’” Perez
Cruz v. Barr, 926 F.3d 1128, 1136 n.3 (9th Cir. 2019) (alteration in original)
(quoting Pretzantzin v. Holder, 736 F.3d 641, 646-47 (2d Cir. 2013)). “We are
bound, however, by our somewhat broader interpretation of Lopez-Mendoza.” Id.

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Id. at 1001. The two cases Martin-Perez cites in support of his contrary position

are inapposite because they involved the suppression of direct evidence of

alienage, not identity evidence. See Orhorhaghe v. INS, 38 F.3d 488, 492 (9th Cir.

1994); Gonzalez-Rivera v. INS, 22 F.3d 1441, 1443 (9th Cir. 1994).

      Finally, Martin-Perez asserts that a remand is required for the BIA to

reconsider his motion to suppress because his previous counsel was ineffective in

failing to assemble sufficient evidence to support the motion. We are not

persuaded. A non-citizen in removal proceedings asserting an ineffective

assistance of counsel claim “must . . . show ‘substantial prejudice’ by

demonstrating that ‘the alleged violation affected the outcome of the

proceedings.’” Torres-Chavez v. Holder, 567 F.3d 1096, 1100 (9th Cir. 2009)

(quoting Lara-Torres v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 968, 973 (9th Cir. 2004)). Because

Martin-Perez’s immigration records were not suppressible, the outcome of his

proceedings would not have changed even if his counsel had introduced enough

evidence to establish that Martin-Perez’s arrest amounted to an egregious Fourth

Amendment violation.

      PETITION DENIED.

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