Court Opinion

ID: 5125619
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-11-12 21:00:43.618098+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:22:51.822810
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       NOV 12 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JOSEPH FERRARI,                                 No.    20-36071

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                3:19-cv-05996-RJB-TLF
 v.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant-Appellee,

and

ERIN FORD,

                Defendant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Western District of Washington
                    Robert J. Bryan, District Judge, Presiding

                          Submitted November 9, 2021**
                              Seattle, Washington

Before: WARDLAW, TALLMAN, and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges.

      Joseph Ferrari appeals the district court’s orders denying Ferrari’s motion for

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
denial of certification and substitution of the United States as defendant under the

Westfall Act and granting the United States’ motion to dismiss Ferrari’s complaint.

We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      1.     The district court properly substituted the United States as the

defendant in this case under the Westfall Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2679(d)(1). The district

court made specific findings to determine that Naval Lt. Ford was acting within the

scope of her employment in reporting Ferrari’s alleged misconduct, and those

findings of disputed fact were not clearly erroneous. See Billings v. United States,

57 F.3d 797, 800 (9th Cir. 1995) (reviewing the “relevant district court’s findings of

disputed fact for clear error”).

      2.      The district court properly dismissed this case under the Feres

doctrine. See Feres v. United States, 340 U.S. 135 (1950). Under the Feres doctrine,

“members of the armed services [cannot] sue the government for injuries that arise

out of or are in the course of activity incident to service.” Stauber v. Cline, 837 F.2d

395, 397 (9th Cir. 1988) (quotation and citation omitted).          The district court

concluded that Ferrari’s claims were incident to his service as an active-duty military

member and dismissed the case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction under Feres.

See Stauber, 837 F.2d at 400.

      Ferrari did not appeal the district court’s dismissal for lack of subject matter

jurisdiction under Feres in his opening brief. “[A]rguments not raised by a party in

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its opening brief are deemed waived.” Smith v. Marsh, 194 F.3d 1045, 1052 (9th

Cir. 1999); see also Brookfield Commc’ns, Inc. v. W. Coast Ent. Corp., 174 F.3d

1036, 1046 n.7 (9th Cir. 1999).

      3.     The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) also bars the relief that Ferrari

seeks. Ferrari seeks damages arising from the slander and libel that Ford allegedly

committed in reporting Ferrari’s alleged misconduct to naval officers. But the FTCA

explicitly provides that the statutory waiver of federal sovereign immunity “shall not

apply to . . . [a]ny claim arising out of . . . libel [or] slander.” 28 U.S.C. § 2680(h).

      4.     Ferrari’s failure to administratively exhaust his claims operates as

another bar to judicial review of his claims. Under the FTCA, “[a]n action shall not

be instituted upon a claim against the United States for money damages . . . unless

the claimant shall have first presented the claim to the appropriate Federal agency.”

Id. § 2675(a). Ferrari does not dispute that he failed to make his defamation claim

to the Navy, as was required before he could bring suit against the United States in

district court. See 28 C.F.R. § 14.2(a); Wiseman v. United States, 976 F.2d 604, 605

(9th Cir. 1992).

      AFFIRMED.

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