Court Opinion

ID: 6334747
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-04-25 22:15:35.156516+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:23:40.822039
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

 In the Matter of the Marriage of:                  )      No. 82638-7-I
                                                    )
 PATRICK JOHN D’ABBRACCI,                           )      DIVISION ONE
                                                    )
                         Respondent,                )      UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                                    )
                 v.                                 )
                                                    )
 DANA F. D’ABBRACCI,                                )
                                                    )
                         Appellant.                 )
                                                    )

        HAZELRIGG, J. — Dana D’Abbracci challenges the trial court’s entry of a

permanent restraining order protecting her former spouse, Patrick D’Abbracci, and

his children.1 Dana does not establish the trial court abused its discretion by

entering the order or denying Dana’s motion to reconsider it. Therefore, we affirm.

                                            FACTS

        Dana and Patrick married in August 2017. They have no children together,

though Patrick has three children from a prior relationship. In December 2019,

Patrick petitioned for dissolution of the parties’ marriage and requested a fair and

equitable distribution of property and debts, as well as a restraining order.

        A dissolution trial took place over two days in November 2020. Disputed

        1Because the parties share a last name, we refer to them by their first names for clarity.
We intend no disrespect.

  Citations and pinpoint citations are based on the Westlaw online version of the cited material.
No. 82638-7-I/2

issues included the distribution of various financial accounts and personal

property, valuation of the parties’ Edmonds home, and Dana’s request for spousal

maintenance. Specifically, Dana requested $6,000 per month in maintenance for

12 months, arguing in her trial brief that she could not find a job because of a

domestic violence protection order (DVPO) “that was entered related to events on

December . . . 7, 2019 and a criminal prosecution that was eventually dismissed.”

She also claimed that her ability to work was limited because of injuries she

sustained during the December 7, 2019 incident.

      At trial, testimony as to the December 7, 2019 incident was conflicting.

Patrick claimed that Dana had assaulted him. Meanwhile, Dana testified that she

called the police because Patrick had assaulted her.         In any case, it was

undisputed that responding officers ultimately arrested Dana and booked her into

the Snohomish County Jail. It was also undisputed that Patrick later petitioned for

and obtained a DVPO protecting himself and his children from Dana.            And,

although the charges were later dismissed, Dana was charged with fourth degree

assault, alleged as a crime of domestic violence.

      Dana attested that while she was in jail following her arrest, she noticed

bruises on her body. When she was released two days later, she went to the

hospital, where she was examined by a registered nurse, Stephanie Wahlgren,

who also testified at the dissolution trial. Wahlgren testified that she observed

bruising on Dana’s legs, right arm, flank, and buttock area. When asked what

Dana told her about how she received these injuries, Wahlgren responded, “She

told me that she was in an altercation with her spouse.” On cross-examination,

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No. 82638-7-I/3

Wahlgren testified that Dana also reported, with regard to the underlying incident,

that she thought someone had slipped a drug into her drink while she was at a bar

earlier, and she had a memory lapse from the time she got home until she woke

up in the back seat of a police car.        Wahlgren described Dana’s injuries as

“unexplained” and confirmed that Wahlgren herself had no personal knowledge of

how Dana received them. Dana, through counsel, attempted to admit Wahlgren’s

report into evidence; however, the trial court excluded it as hearsay. But, the court

admitted numerous photographs Wahlgren took of Dana’s injuries.

       Dana testified that after the December 7, 2019 incident, she took a domestic

violence leave from her job as an emergency room (ER) nurse. She testified that

her employer later terminated her because of her arrest and the DVPO.

       Dana also testified that the DVPO had been hindering her ability to find

another job, and she believed replacing it with a restraining order would help. She

testified that Patrick cooperated at her request to have the DVPO dismissed and

replaced with a temporary restraining order (TRO) in this dissolution proceeding.

The TRO, which was entered on June 15, 2020 and admitted as an exhibit at trial,

protected Patrick and his children. The TRO stated that it would end “in 12 months

or on . . . entry of final divorce order.” (Underlining omitted). It also contained the

following stipulation: “The parties stipulate that the provisions of this order shall be

included in a final divorce order unless the parties agree other wise [sic] in

settlement of the case.” Dana, Patrick, and their respective attorneys each signed

the TRO, and Dana confirmed at trial that she authorized its entry. Dana also

testified that although she believed signing the restraining order would help her

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No. 82638-7-I/4

find work, it was still a problem because “[i]f you have . . . anything mentioned

about . . . restraints against children, you’re excluded from working with children

[and] any individuals that would be mentally incapacitated basically, which

frequently I do as an ER nurse.”

       The trial court issued an oral decision regarding the parties’ dissolution on

January 22, 2021. After distributing property and assets, it denied Dana’s request

for maintenance, explaining that among other factors, it “doesn’t find by a

preponderance of the evidence that [Dana] is unable to work.” Dana, through

counsel, urged the trial court to reconsider its ruling. Counsel argued that the

criminal matter, though dismissed, continued to be a “pollutant type of influence on

[Dana’s] ability to get a job,” and that this “does tie in with the restraining order

issue.” The trial court adhered to its ruling denying maintenance, indicating it was

unpersuaded that the restraints were preventing Dana from securing employment

and that it “just can’t reason with” requiring a person protected under a restraining

order to pay maintenance based on a claim that the order was denying the

restrained person the opportunity to work. The court also observed that the parties

had stipulated to continuing restraints.      It expressed that while it might be a

“generous gesture” for Patrick to agree that a restraining order not be made part

of the final dissolution decree, the court was “not in a position to order that that

take place” given the parties’ stipulation.

       On February 12, 2021, the trial court entered a dissolution decree (decree),

in which it approved Patrick’s request for a restraining order, and written findings

of fact and conclusions of law (findings and conclusions). Among these was a

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conclusion that “[t]he court should approve a Restraining Order because the

parties stipulated that the provisions of a temporary restraining order entered on

June 15, 2020 would be included in the Final Divorce Order.” (Emphasis omitted).

The court simultaneously entered a permanent restraining order prohibiting Dana

from contacting Patrick and his children.

       Dana, proceeding pro se, moved for reconsideration of the restraining order.

Dana argued that the order “was entered without [her] permission or consent” and

that all restraints should have terminated upon entry of the decree. On April 12,

2021 the trial court denied her motion for reconsideration, stating,

       Petitioner’s Exhibit 7 admitted without objection at trial contained a
       stipulation signed by the parties and their attorneys, that the
       provisions of the [TRO] shall be included in a final Divorce Order
       unless the parties agree otherwise in the settlement of the case.
       [Dana] testified at trial that she signed the stipulation because she
       believed the restraining order, unlike the DVPO, would help her get
       employment.

Dana appeals.

                                    ANALYSIS

I.     Decisions Under Review

       We note at the outset that in her notice of appeal, Dana designated not only

the trial court’s April 12, 2021 order denying her motion for reconsideration, but

also (1) the trial court’s February 12, 2021 decisions (the findings and conclusions,

the decree, and the permanent restraining order), (2) the June 15, 2020 TRO, and

(3) a June 15, 2020 order, entered in a separate proceeding, terminating the

DVPO. Before addressing the merits of Dana’s appeal, we must determine which

of these decisions are properly before us for review.

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No. 82638-7-I/6

       Dana filed her notice of appeal on May 11, 2021. A notice of appeal is

timely if it is filed in the trial court within 30 days after the entry of the decision that

the party filing the notice wants reviewed or denial of a timely motion for

reconsideration. RAP 5.2(a), (e); see also Stedman v. Cooper, 172 Wn. App. 9,

14, 292 P.3d 764 (2012) (“[A] timely motion for reconsideration in the trial court will

extend [the time to file a notice of appeal] until 30 days after entry of the order

deciding that motion.”).

       Dana’s notice of appeal was not timely with regard to either the TRO or the

order terminating the DVPO, each entered almost a year earlier. Furthermore, the

record does not show that any notice of appeal was filed in the separate

proceeding in which the DVPO was entered, and a TRO is not, in any event, a final

judgment appealable as a matter of right. See RAP 2.2(a) (listing the types of

superior court decisions that are appealable as a matter of right); see also State

ex. rel. Carroll v. Simmons, 61 Wn.2d 146, 149, 377 P.2d 421 (1962) (temporary

order merges into the final judgment, rendering any challenge to the temporary

order moot). For the foregoing reasons, the June 15, 2020 orders are not properly

before us for review.

       Dana’s notice of appeal also was not filed within 30 days of the trial court’s

entry of the February 12, 2021 decisions, i.e., the findings and conclusions, the

decree, and the restraining order. However, Dana’s notice of appeal was filed

within 30 days after the trial court entered its order denying Dana’s timely motion

for reconsideration of the restraining order. So, Dana’s notice of appeal was timely

with regard to both the restraining order and the order denying reconsideration.

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No. 82638-7-I/7

And although Dana’s notice of appeal was not timely with regard to the findings

and conclusions and the decree, these decisions convey the trial court’s

determination that a restraining order should be approved. We may review this

determination because it prejudicially affects the restraining order. See RAP 2.4(b)

(appellate court will review a trial court order or ruling if it “prejudicial affects” the

decision designated in the notice of appeal and is made before the appellate court

accepts review); Adkins v. Alum. Co. of Am., 110 Wn.2d 128, 134, 750 P.2d 1257

(1988) (ruling prejudicially affects a decision if the decision would not have

occurred absent the ruling).

       In sum, the only trial court decisions properly before us for review are the

permanent restraining order, the order denying reconsideration of that order, and

the trial court’s determination, conveyed in the decree and the findings and

conclusions, that a restraining order should be approved. To the extent Dana

challenges other aspects of the decree and the findings and conclusions, entry or

termination of the DVPO, or the TRO, we do not consider those challenges.

II.    Restraining Order

       Dana contends that the trial court erred by entering the permanent

restraining order. We disagree.

       We review a trial court’s decision to impose a restraining order for abuse of

discretion. In re Marriage of Freeman, 169 Wn.2d 664, 671, 239 P.3d 557 (2010).

“‘A trial court abuses its discretion if its decision is manifestly unreasonable or

based on untenable grounds or untenable reasons,’” or if it bases a discretionary

ruling on an error of law. In re Marriage of Muhammad, 153 Wn.2d 795, 803, 108

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No. 82638-7-I/8

P.3d 779 (2005) (quoting In re Marriage of Littlefield, 133 Wn.2d 39, 46–47, 940

P.2d 1362 (1997)); Lopez-Stayer ex. Rel. Stayer v. Pitts, 122 Wn. App. 45, 51, 93

P.3d 904 (2004).

       As a pro se litigant, Dana is held to the same standard as an attorney and

must comply with all procedural rules on appeal. In re Marriage of Olson, 69 Wn.

App. 621, 626, 850 P.2d 527 (1993). Among these rules is RAP 10.3(a)(4), which

requires the appellant to assign error to “each error [the appellant] contends was

made by the trial court.” RAP 10.3(a)(6) further requires an appellant to provide

“argument in support of the issues presented for review, together with citations to

legal authority and references to relevant parts of the record.”

       Here, Dana argues that the restraint provisions of the TRO should have

terminated upon entry of the decree.          But this argument ignores the parties’

stipulation—as expressly set forth in the TRO and signed by both the parties and

their attorneys—that the TRO’s provisions would be included in the decree. And

as Patrick points out, Dana does not assign error to the trial court’s conclusion that

it should approve a restraining order based on this stipulation.

       Furthermore, Dana provides no legal authority or meaningful analysis to

support the proposition that the trial court either misinterpreted or should have

ignored the stipulation. Cf. Baird v. Baird, 6 Wn. App. 587, 589, 494 P.2d 1387

(1972) (agreement signed by the parties or their attorneys is generally binding on

the parties). Similarly, to the extent Dana asserts as she did below that she

entered into the agreement based on an incorrect belief that it would help her find

employment, she cites no authority for the proposition that the trial court abused

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No. 82638-7-I/9

its discretion by not setting the stipulation aside on that basis, particularly where

the court was unpersuaded that the restraints rendered Dana unable to work. Cf.

Stevenson v. Hazard, 152 Wash. 104, 109, 277 P. 450 (1929) (decision whether

to relieve a party from a stipulation is in the trial court’s discretion); Lavigne v.

Green, 106 Wn. App. 12, 20, 23 P.3d 515 (2001) (declining to set aside settlement

agreement based on party’s assertion that settlement amount turned out to be

wholly insufficient to meet obligations associated with settled claim). Dana does

not establish that the trial court abused its discretion by entering the permanent

restraining order based on the parties’ stipulation.

       Dana raises a number of additional arguments in support of reversal,

several of which are premised on an assertion that Patrick “brutally assaulted”

Dana, who was the “actual abuse victim[],” and that the trial court erred to the

extent that it did not so find. But as discussed, there was conflicting testimony as

to the December 7, 2019 incident, including testimony that Dana herself had no

memory of the alleged assault. It was within the exclusive province of the trial

court to evaluate witness credibility, weigh the evidence, and determine that the

evidence did not support a finding that Patrick assaulted Dana. That determination

will not be disturbed on appeal. See Ives v. Ramsden, 142 Wn. App. 369, 382,

174 P.3d 1231 (2008) (“[W]e do not weigh evidence or render judgments regarding

witness credibility; that is the exclusive province of the trier of fact.”).

       Also, Dana largely fails to cite relevant legal authorities or provide

meaningful analysis in support of her various arguments on appeal. She further

fails to explain why a number of the trial court’s alleged errors require reversal of

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No. 82638-7-I/10

the restraining order given that the court based its entry of the order entirely on the

parties’ agreement. The foregoing failures are fatal to Dana’s appeal. See Cook

v. Brateng, 158 Wn. App. 777, 794, 262 P.3d 1228 (2010) (“Appellate courts need

not consider arguments that are unsupported by pertinent authority, references to

the record, or meaningful analysis.”); see also Brown v. Spokane County Fire Prot.

Dist. No. 1, 100 Wn.2d 188, 196, 668 P.2d 571 (1983) (“[E]rror without prejudice

is not grounds for reversal.”).      Nevertheless, we address Dana’s individual

arguments to the extent they are adequately briefed.

       A.     Trial Court’s Oral Ruling

       Dana first asserts that the trial court erred by entering the restraining order

because it contradicted the trial court’s oral ruling stating, “with regards to the

restraining order, I’m not going to consider that.”

       Dana takes the trial court’s statement out of context. On the final day of

trial, the court requested an accounting of jewelry that Dana claimed was still in

Patrick’s possession. Later, when issuing its oral ruling, the court observed that

although Patrick had provided the requested accounting, Patrick had also

submitted information that the court “didn’t ask for,” including an “exhibit regarding

the restraining order.” When asked to address this, Patrick’s counsel stated, “[I]f

you want to disregard the information beyond specifically what you requested, I

don’t . . . think there’s any problem with that . . . . We were just trying to give you

some . . . more up-to-date information on the status of . . . the restraining order

issue.” The court then stated, “[W]ith regards to the restraining order, I’m not going

to consider that; I haven’t even considered that as part of my decision. My decision

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No. 82638-7-I/11

regarding any issues of the restraining order is solely based on the evidence that

came up in trial. So I’m disregarding that information.”

       It is clear from the context that the trial court was declining to consider the

additional information Patrick submitted after trial, not declining to consider the

restraining order altogether. Dana does not establish any contradiction between

the trial court’s statement and its entry of the restraining order.

       B.     Evidence of the DVPO

       Dana next contends that because it was later terminated with prejudice, the

trial court erred by admitting evidence of the DVPO. In support, Dana relies on CR

41(d) and ER 904. CR 41(d) authorizes an award of costs “[i]f a plaintiff who has

once dismissed an action in any court commences an action based upon or

including the same claim against the same defendant.” ER 904 deems certain

categories of documents admissible if disclosed as provided under that rule.

Neither of these rules renders evidence of the DVPO inadmissible merely because

it was terminated with prejudice.

       Dana also argues that Patrick’s filing of a copy of the DVPO in this

proceeding violated “US Code 1324c.” This appears to be a reference to 8 U.S.C.

§ 1324c, which penalizes document fraud in connection with federal immigration

proceedings. That statute does not apply to this proceeding. Dana does not

establish that the trial court erred by admitting evidence of the DVPO.

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No. 82638-7-I/12

      C.        Reliance on Dismissed Criminal Charge

      Next, Dana argues that the trial court erred because it “relied upon

DISMISSED criminal Domestic Violence 4 charge in Oral Verdict, labeling [Dana]

as the perpetrator of DV.” (Emphasis in original).

      But contrary to Dana’s assertion, the trial court did not label Dana as the

perpetrator of domestic violence. The remarks Dana takes issue with were made

as the court explained its reasoning for not ordering Patrick to pay Dana’s criminal

defense fees. The trial court observed, accurately, that it was undisputed that

Dana was the one arrested following the December 7, 2019 incident and that

charges were later filed against her. The court explained that if there had been

proof by a preponderance of the evidence that Patrick had assaulted Dana, it might

be inclined to order Patrick to pay Dana’s criminal defense fees. But, it explained,

under the evidence presented, that outcome would not be fair or equitable. In

short, contrary to Dana’s assertions, the trial court was not labeling Dana as the

perpetrator or finding that she committed domestic violence.                    Instead, it was

explaining why it could not find that Patrick had committed domestic violence so

as to justify ordering him to pay Dana’s criminal defense fees.

      D.        Exclusion of Examining Nurse’s Report

      Dana next contends that the trial court erred when it deemed Wahlgren’s

report inadmissible under ER 8032 and then “negated” Dana’s and Wahlgren’s

“extensive testimony” regarding Dana’s injuries.

      2   ER 803 sets forth exceptions to the general rule that hearsay is inadmissible.

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No. 82638-7-I/13

       But an evidentiary error does not require reversal unless it is prejudicial, i.e.,

unless “the error, within reasonable probability, materially affected the outcome.”

State v. Stenson, 132 Wn.2d 668, 709, 940 P.2d 1239 (1997). Even assuming the

trial court erred in concluding that Wahlgren’s report was not admissible under any

of the ER 803’s hearsay exceptions, reversal is not required because any such

error would not be prejudicial for three reasons.

       First, although the trial court excluded Wahlgren’s report, it admitted

Wahlgren’s photographs and allowed Wahlgren to testify as to the injuries she

observed, as well as what Dana reported to her as to who caused those injuries.

Therefore, Wahlgren’s report was not prejudicial because it was merely cumulative

of her testimony. Brown, 100 Wn.2d at 196. Indeed, even Dana acknowledges

that Wahlgren’s testimony “corresponds with” Wahlgren’s report stating that Dana

indicated Patrick was her assailant, and that Wahlgren “went into great detail about

[Dana]’s extensive bruising . . . and the nurse reviewed the 40 pictures she took of

the extensive bruising to [Dana]’s body.”

       Second, although Dana argues that Wahlgren’s report would have

contradicted the trial court’s remark that “it is unclear” what caused Dana’s injuries,

that remark was based on the court’s accurate observation that Wahlgren, who

had no personal knowledge of the events of December 7, “couldn’t testify as to the

cause . . . of the injury.” The court’s observation would not have been any less

accurate had Wahlgren’s report been admitted.

       Finally, as previously discussed, the trial court’s decision to enter the

restraining order was based on the parties’ stipulation. Consequently, Dana does

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No. 82638-7-I/14

not establish that there is any reasonable probability that the trial court would have

ruled any differently regarding the restraining order had it admitted Wahlgren’s

report.

          E.    Judicial Bias

          Dana argues the trial court “demonstrated clear bias and a presumption of

[Dana]’s criminal guilt, which was not the subject before the court, when [it]

repeatedly focused on [Dana]’s arrest the night [Dana] was assaulted.” In support,

Dana points out that during its oral ruling, the trial court observed that this case

was a dissolution case, not a domestic violence case. Dana asserts that the trial

court was biased because despite this observation, the court later referred to the

undisputed evidence that Dana was the one arrested for the December 7, 2019

incident “despite the multitude of evidence” detailing Dana’s injuries.

          But again, the trial court’s observations about the undisputed evidence of

Dana’s arrest and the charges against her were accurate. And as explained

above, the trial court did not find that Dana had committed domestic violence, but

made its observations in explaining why it could not find that Patrick had. As also

explained above, the trial court was within its province to weigh the evidence and

determine that despite the testimony about Dana’s injuries, the evidence did not

support a finding that Patrick caused them. The trial court’s observations and

determinations do not constitute bias. See In re Pers. Restraint of Davis, 152

Wn.2d 647, 692, 101 P.3d 1 (2004) (“Judicial rulings alone almost never constitute

a valid showing of bias,” and a party asserting bias must provide “specific facts

establishing that the trial judge had a personal bias against [that party].”).

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No. 82638-7-I/15

       F.      Cause of Injuries

       Dana next contends that the trial court erred when it “drew conclusion[s]” as

to how Dana sustained her injuries “absent any evidence to support [its]

conclusion.”

       Dana’s argument mischaracterizes the trial court’s remarks. While issuing

its oral ruling, the trial court explained why it could not find by a preponderance of

the evidence that Patrick was the cause of Dana’s injuries, as Dana claimed. After

summarizing the testimony indicating that Dana herself had no memory of the

underlying incident and observing that Wahlgren “couldn’t testify . . . as to the

cause of the injury,” the trial court stated, “So the evidence before the Court is

[Dana] sustained some injury, but it is unclear whether that was from a slip-and-

fall or whether that was from being physically escorted to the ground or removed

from the property by law enforcement.” Dana asserts these remarks constituted

unsupported findings by the trial court as to the cause of her injuries.

       But viewed in context, it is clear the trial court was not making a finding as

to the cause of Dana’s injuries. Instead, the trial court was pointing out that the

evidence was insufficient to show that Patrick—as opposed to something or

someone else—caused Dana’s injuries. Dana does not establish that the trial

court “wrongly” stated that Dana’s injuries resulted from a slip and fall or her

interaction with law enforcement.

       G.      Representation of Counsel

       As a final matter, Dana claims that her trial counsel “failed in representation”

with regard to counsel’s performance at trial. But Dana cites no authority for the

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No. 82638-7-I/16

proposition that in a family law proceeding, an attorney’s alleged “ineffective

assistance” is a basis for reversal. Cf. Seventh Elect Church In Israel v. Rogers,

34 Wn. App. 105, 120, 660 P.2d 280 (1983) (constitutional right to effective

assistance of counsel applies to criminal proceedings, and “[n]o similar right is

given to parties in civil actions”).

       Dana also argues that reversal is required because she did not authorize

her attorney to sign the permanent restraining order and because her attorney

failed to “correct” the provisions of the findings and conclusions and the decree

stating that a restraining order should be approved. These arguments fail because

they are based on flawed premises. First, Dana’s assertion that the findings and

conclusions and decree required “correction” is based on her assertion that the

trial court orally ruled that it would not consider the restraining order. But as

discussed, Dana’s assertion mischaracterizes the import of the trial court’s

remarks.

       Second, Dana appears to believe that the trial court would not have entered

the restraining order had her attorney not signed it. But the restraining order was

an order of the court, entered based on its determination that the parties had

stipulated to its entry. Although Dana’s attorney’s signature appears on the order,

Dana does not persuade us that her attorney’s signature was required or that the

trial court would not have entered the order had Dana’s attorney refused to sign.

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No. 82638-7-I/17

III.   Motion for Reconsideration

       In addition to arguing that the trial court erred in entering the permanent

restraining order, Dana asserts that the trial court erred by denying her motion for

reconsideration of that decision. We disagree.

       “Motions for reconsideration are addressed to the sound discretion of the

trial court and a reviewing court will not reverse a trial court’s ruling absent a

showing of manifest abuse of discretion.” Wilcox v. Lexington Eye Inst., 130 Wn.

App. 234, 241, 122 P.3d 729 (2005).

       Here, Dana does not address the standards for reconsideration,3 much less

establish that the trial court abused its discretion under those standards.

Additionally, Dana’s arguments regarding the trial court’s denial of reconsideration

repeat many of her arguments as to why the trial court erred by entering the

       3 Under CR 59, a motion for reconsideration may be granted for the following reasons:
       (1) Irregularity in the proceedings of the court, jury or adverse party, or any order
       of the court, or abuse of discretion, by which such party was prevented from having
       a fair trial;
       (2) Misconduct of prevailing party or jury; and whenever any one or more of the
       jurors shall have been induced to assent to any general or special verdict or to a
       finding on any question or questions submitted to the jury by the court, other and
       different from the juror's own conclusions, and arrived at by a resort to the
       determination of chance or lot, such misconduct may be proved by the affidavits
       of one or more of the jurors;
       (3) Accident or surprise which ordinary prudence could not have guarded against;
       (4) Newly discovered evidence, material for the party making the application, which
       the party could not with reasonable diligence have discovered and produced at the
       trial;
       (5) Damages so excessive or inadequate as unmistakably to indicate that the
       verdict must have been the result of passion or prejudice;
       (6) Error in the assessment of the amount of recovery whether too large or too
       small, when the action is upon a contract, or for the injury or detention of property;
       (7) That there is no evidence or reasonable inference from the evidence to justify
       the verdict or the decision, or that it is contrary to law;
       (8) Error in law occurring at the trial and objected to at the time by the party making
       the application; or
       (9) That substantial justice has not been done.

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No. 82638-7-I/18

restraining order in the first instance. Because these arguments do not establish

the trial court erred by entering the restraining order for reasons already discussed,

they also do not support a conclusion that the trial court abused its discretion by

denying Dana’s motion for reconsideration.

       In support of her motion for reconsideration, Dana also submitted copies of

email correspondence between Dana and her attorney, and between the parties’

respective attorneys, related to the DVPO and the TRO. Dana contends that the

correspondence shows the DVPO was improperly entered. But the propriety of

the DVPO was not before the trial court.               Furthermore, much of the

correspondence on which Dana relies consists of statements made during the

parties’ unsuccessful efforts to reach a negotiated resolution regarding the DVPO

and, later, continuing restraints. Dana does not establish that the trial court abused

its discretion inasmuch as it declined to consider this new evidence. See Martini

v. Post, 178 Wn. App. 153, 162, 313 P.3d 473 (2013) (“The decision to consider

new or additional evidence presented with a motion for reconsideration is squarely

within the trial court’s discretion.”); see also ER 408 (evidence of conduct or

statements made in compromise negotiations not admissible to prove liability for

or invalidity of a claim).

       Dana also requested, on reconsideration, a DVPO protecting her from

Patrick, alleging that Patrick was stalking her via social media and making false

claims against her. Dana argues that the trial court erred by ignoring that request.

But a motion for reconsideration of the restraining order protecting Patrick from

Dana was not a proper avenue for requesting a DVPO protecting Dana from

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No. 82638-7-I/19

Patrick, particularly where it does not appear Dana made any such request during

trial. Cf. Wilcox, 130 Wn. App. at 241 (“CR 59 does not permit a [party] to propose

new theories of the case that could have been raised before entry of an adverse

decision.”).4

       We affirm.

WE CONCUR:

       4   Nothing in our opinion precludes Dana from seeking such an order by appropriate means.

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