Court Opinion

ID: 2779631
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-02-17 16:00:34.741632+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:55:30.777149
License: Public Domain

13-3884
     Dabney v. Pegano, et al.

                                UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                    FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                          SUMMARY ORDER
1    RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
2    SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
3    FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN
4    CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE
5    EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
6    “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY
7    PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
8
 9           At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
10   Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the
11    17th day of February, two thousand fifteen.
12
13   PRESENT:
14
15           AMALYA L. KEARSE,
16           DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON,
17           SUSAN L. CARNEY,
18
19                           Circuit Judges.
20   ______________________________________________
21
22   BARTRAM YIHNI DABNEY,
23
24                                 Plaintiff-Appellant,
25
26                    -v.-                                              No. 13-3884
27
28   J. PEGANO, Mess Hall Worker sometimes Hearing
29   Officer, Great Meadow Correctional Facility,
30   LIVERMORE, Sergeant, Great Meadow Correctional
31   Facility, W. DRUM, S. HAMEL, and R. LAMB,
32   Corrections Officers, Great Meadow Correctional
33   Facility,
34
35                                 Defendants-Appellees,
36
37   BRIAN FISCHER, Commissioner, New York State

                                                     1
 1   Department of Corrections, ALBERT PRACK,
 2   Director of Special Housing Unit, D. DONAHUE,
 3   Head Account Clerk, Clinton Correctional Facility,
 4   NORMAN BEZIO, Superintendent, Great Meadow
 5   Correctional Facility, T. LAVALLEY,
 6   Superintendent, Clinton Correctional Facility,
 7
 8                           Defendants.
 9   __________________________________________
10
11   FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT:              Kevin P. Mulry, Farrell Fritz, P.C., Uniondale, NY.
12
13   FOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES:             Martin A. Hotvet, Assistant Solicitor General, Andrea Oser,
14                                         Deputy Solicitor General, Barbara D. Underwood, Solicitor
15                                         General, for Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General of the
16                                         State of New York, Albany, NY.
17
18
19          UPON DUE CONSIDERATION IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

20   DECREED that the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED.

21          Plaintiff-Appellant Bartram Yihni Dabney (“Plaintiff”) appeals from a decision of the United

22   States District Court for the Northern District of New York (Suddaby, J.) entered on September 30,

23   2013. The district court granted summary judgment for Defendants-Appellees William Drumm,

24   Scott Hamel, Ronald Lamb, Denis Livermore, and James Pagano (collectively, “Defendants”)

25   concluding, inter alia, that the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PLRA”) bars Plaintiff’s

26   excessive force claims brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 because he failed to exhaust his

27   administrative remedies. In a February 20, 2014 order, this Court permitted Plaintiff to “proceed

28   to merits briefing of his argument that, pursuant to Hemphill v. New York, 380 F.3d 680, 686 (2d Cir.

29   2004), he should not have been required to administratively appeal the Inspector General’s

30   determination that his claims of excessive force and failure to intervene were unsubstantiated.”

31   Dabney v. Pegano, No. 13-3884 (2d Cir. Feb. 20, 2014). The order dismissed the remaining issues

                                                      2
 1   on appeal. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of

 2   the case, and the issues on appeal.

 3           We review “de novo a district court’s ruling on whether a plaintiff has exhausted

 4   administrative remedies under the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995.” Johnson v. Rowley, 569

 5 F.3d 40, 44 (2d Cir. 2009). Where, as here, the district court’s decision came after a motion for

 6   summary judgment, we review the record in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party and

 7   affirm only when there “is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to

 8   judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); see Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S.
9   242, 251-52 (1986).

10           The PLRA states that “[n]o action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions under

11   [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a prisoner . . . until such administrative remedies

12   as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). This provision “requires ‘proper exhaustion,’

13   which ‘means using all steps that the agency holds out, and doing so properly (so that the agency

14   addresses the issues on the merits).’” Hernandez v. Coffey, 582 F.3d 303, 305 (2d Cir. 2009)

15   (quoting Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 90 (2006)). Though exhaustion is generally mandatory, we

16   have explained that a failure to exhaust administrative remedies may be excused where: (1) the

17   administrative remedies were not in fact available; (2) prison officials have forfeited, or are estopped

18   from raising, the affirmative defense of non-exhaustion; or (3) “special circumstances . . . justify the

19   prisoner’s failure to comply with administrative procedural requirements.” Hemphill v. New York,

20   380 F.3d 680, 686 (2d Cir. 2004) (internal quotation marks omitted).

21           As an inmate of the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision

22   (“DOCCS”), Plaintiff was required to submit his grievances through the New York DOCCS’ Inmate

                                                        3
 1   Grievance Program (“IGP”). The IGP has a three-tiered process for adjudicating complaints:

 2   “(1) the prisoner files a grievance with the Inmate Grievance Resolution Committee (‘IGRC’), (2)

 3   the prisoner may appeal an adverse decision by the IGRC to the superintendent of the facility, and

 4   (3) the prisoner then may appeal an adverse decision by the superintendent to the Central Office

 5   Review Committee (‘CORC’).” Espinal v. Goord, 558 F.3d 119, 125 (2d Cir. 2009) (citing 7 N.Y.
6   Comp. Codes R. & Regs. § 701.7 (1999)). Each step of this process has a timeframe in which the

 7   decisionmaker must respond to the prisoner. If the decisionmaker does not respond within that

 8   timeframe, the prisoner may “appeal[] to the next step” in the process. 7 N.Y. Comp. Codes R. &

 9   Regs. § 701.6(g). “The IGP also has an ‘expedited’ process for harassment grievances, which

10   pertains to ‘[e]mployee conduct meant to annoy, intimidate, or harm an inmate.’” Espinal, 558 F.3d
11   at 125 (quoting 7 N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. § 701.11 (1999)). These grievances go directly to

12   a superintendent. The prisoner can appeal to the CORC directly from the superintendent’s decision

13   or, if the superintendent does not render a decision in a timely fashion, upon expiration of the

14   allotted time. 7 N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. §§ 701.8(f)-(g).

15          The IGP did not require Plaintiff to appeal from an adverse report by the Inspector General’s

16   Office (“IG”) in order to properly exhaust his administrative remedies.           A prisoner or a

17   superintendent may ask the IG to investigate a harassment grievance. But such an investigation is

18   not a formal part of the IGP. See 7 N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. § 701.3(f) (“Any . . . action taken

19   by an entity not under the supervision of the [DOCCS] Commissioner is not within the jurisdiction

20   of the IGP.”); id. § 701.8(f)-(g) (requiring superintendents to render a decision on a harassment

21   grievance within 25 days, regardless of whether they have received the results of an IG

22   investigation). The IG’s report does not bind DOCCS, and the IGP does not provide an avenue for

                                                     4
 1   prisoners to appeal IG reports that are adverse to their claims. As a result, prisoners, including

 2   Plaintiff, need not appeal from an IG’s report to satisfy the PLRA’s “proper exhaustion”

 3   requirement. See Woodford, 548 U.S. at 90.

 4          Nonetheless, the district court correctly decided that the PLRA bars Plaintiff’s excessive

 5   force claims because he did not properly exhaust his administrative remedies and no special

 6   circumstances justified his failure to do so.1 Plaintiff concedes that he did not properly exhaust his

 7   administrative remedies. Even assuming that he filed a timely grievance at Great Meadow

 8   Correctional Facility (“Great Meadow”), he did not pursue that grievance to the CORC. See

 9   Hernandez, 582 F.3d at 305 (requiring inmates to “us[e] all steps that the agency holds out, and do[]

10   so properly” (internal quotation marks omitted)). After being transferred to Clinton Correctional

11   Facility (“Clinton”), he filed a separate grievance inquiring about the status of his case at Great

12   Meadow. But the IGP requires inmates who have initiated a grievance at one facility to pursue

13   appeals at that original location. See 7 N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. § 701.6(h). Moreover,

14   Plaintiff did not appeal the grievance at Clinton to the CORC. His failure to comply with the IGP’s

15   requirement that prisoners appeal their grievances to the CORC means that he did not properly

16   exhaust his administrative remedies.

17          Even under our pre-Woodford case law, Plaintiff has not shown that “special circumstances”

18   justified his “failure to comply with administrative procedural requirements.” Hemphill, 380 F.3d
19   at 686 (internal quotation marks omitted). The IG’s investigation of Plaintiff’s claims does not

            1
              We need not, and do not, decide whether the “special circumstances” exception to
     administrative exhaustion survives Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, because Plaintiff “could not have
     prevailed even under our pre-Woodford case-law.” Ruggiero v. County of Orange, 467 F.3d 170,
     176 (2d Cir. 2006).

                                                       5
 1   constitute such a special circumstance. It was clear from the subject matter of Plaintiff’s lawsuit that

 2   the IGP required him to pursue his claims before the CORC. See Amador v. Andrews, 655 F.3d 89,

 3   102-03 (2d Cir. 2011) (refusing to excuse an inmate’s failure to exhaust notwithstanding an IG

 4   investigation of her claim). “While [the IGP] is a somewhat complex scheme, it hardly constitutes

 5   special circumstances.” Id. at 103. Permitting an IG investigation to substitute for IGP exhaustion

 6   would allow prisoners to bypass the CORC’s review and the IGP’s multi-step adjudicatory process.

 7   Those features of the IGP “afford[] corrections officials time and opportunity to address complaints

 8   internally before allowing the initiation of a federal case” and “reduce the quantity and improve the

 9   quality of prisoner suits.” Woodford, 548 U.S. at 93, 94 (internal quotation marks omitted).

10          The other circumstances of Plaintiff’s case do not justify departing from the IGP’s

11   requirements. The IGP provides a clear timeline for appealing grievances to the CORC, which

12   applies even when the prisoner does not receive a timely decision from the IGRC or a

13   superintendent. See 7 N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. §§ 701.5, 701.6(g). Plaintiff therefore had an

14   unimpeded path to the CORC, notwithstanding his claims that the Great Meadow grievance clerk

15   failed to process his complaint and that the Clinton superintendent ignored his appeal. His letters

16   to DOCS officials are no substitute for following that route. See Macias v. Zenk, 495 F.3d 37, 44

17   (2d Cir. 2007) (rejecting the argument that prisoners can take “enough informal steps to put prison

18   officials on notice of their concerns, regardless of whether they utilize[d] the prison’s formal

19   grievance procedures” (internal quotation marks omitted)). Plaintiff also argues that he appealed

20   from a disciplinary hearing related to the grievance, which should substitute for administrative

21   exhaustion, and that his transfer to Clinton constituted a partial resolution of his claim. Appealing

22   from a disciplinary hearing, however, only justifies non-compliance with the grievance procedures

                                                        6
 1   when a prisoner “reasonably interpret[s] [DOCCS] regulations to mean that his only administrative

 2   recourse was to appeal his disciplinary conviction.” Giano v. Goord, 380 F.3d 670, 676 (2d Cir.

 3   2004). Plaintiff is no stranger to the IGP and does not claim that he believed the disciplinary appeal

 4   substituted for IGP compliance. As for the transfer to Clinton, even a partial favorable grievance

 5   resolution does not excuse failing to exhaust the IGP “so long as some remedy remains available.”

 6   Ruggiero, 467 F.3d at 177. Because Plaintiff could have obtained additional relief through formal

 7   channels, like discipline against the officers, he was not justified in failing to appeal to the CORC.

 8   See id. at 177-78. The district court was therefore correct to decide that, even under our pre-

 9   Woodford case law, the circumstances of Plaintiff’s case did not justify his failure to comply with

10   the IGP.

11          We have reviewed the petitioner’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit.

12   For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

13                                                         FOR THE COURT:
14                                                         Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk
15
16

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