Court Opinion

ID: 3295849
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-05 17:12:51.853726+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:40:59.863667
License: Public Domain

Action to determine the right to purchase state school land. The tracts involved are: The west 1/2 of section 36, township 42 north, range 2 east, Mount Diablo meridian (hereinafter referred to as tract A); west 1/2 of east 1/2 of said section (referred to hereinafter as tract B); southeast 1/4 of section 16, same township and range (hereinafter referred to as tract C). Plaintiff claims all the land; defendant Burgbacher claims tracts B and C; defendant Kahny claims tract A. The court awarded the right to purchase tracts B and C to plaintiff and tract A to defendant Kahny. Plaintiff appeals from the judgment in favor of defendant Kahny awarding him tract A, and defendant Burgbacher appeals from the judgment in favor of plaintiff awarding him tracts B and C.
The pleadings are such as are usual in this class of cases where parties seek to have determined who are entitled to purchase land from the state. No question arises as to the qualifications of the parties to purchase or as to the sufficiency of the pleadings or as to the sufficiency of the applications to purchase filed by the parties to the action. The controversy arises out of the claims made by defendants as assignees of the first applicants for the lands — N.E. Sager and Martha Sager — and also out of defendants' claims as applicants to purchase at a time prior to plaintiff's application. The case was tried upon the stipulation of the parties "that the said action should be submitted for decision upon a certain agreed statement of facts theretofore agreed upon between the parties and the deposition of D. G. Reid which is admitted to be true." The facts necessary to an understanding of the points of law involved, stated as briefly as may be, are as follows:
In 1892 the Sagers filed their applications to purchase with the surveyor general and certificates of purchase were issued to them. The affidavits accompanying said applications falsely *Page 349 
declared that the lands were not timbered lands, when in fact they were and still are timbered lands, and neither of said applicants, within fifty days from the date of the approval of their applications, paid to the treasurer of Siskiyou county the full purchase price for said land, but paid only twenty per cent of the said purchase price and interest in advance on the balance for one year. In 1897 the Sagers assigned their said certificates of purchase to defendant Kahny, who held the title for the joint benefit of himself and defendant Burgbacher. In 1895 all of this land was sold to the state for delinquent taxes, and not having been redeemed a deed was duly executed by the tax collector of said county to the state in July, 1900. This deed was filed with the surveyor general on October 19, 1901. In December, 1901, defendants paid to the treasurer of Siskiyou county the full amount for taxes, penalties, costs, etc., and received from the state controller a receipt therefor. On April 18, 1902, plaintiff offered to file in the office of the surveyor general his application to purchase said lands, which was in due form; he tendered and offered to pay all fees and deposit all the money required by law; he set forth in his papers then offered to be filed all the facts in relation to the applications of the Sagers and the reasons why they were insufficient and averred that the certificates of purchase issued to them were null and void; he offered to file in said office a protest in writing against said certificates of purchase, setting forth in said protest all the facts relating to the Sagers' applications and certificates of purchase and why they were void and of no effect, and averred that a contest had arisen between plaintiff and the Sagers and demanded that said contest be referred to the superior court of said county for final determination. On April 19, 1902, the surveyor general rejected plaintiff's application to purchase said lands. It does not appear that plaintiff's application was actually filed nor whether any record was made of it by the surveyor general nor of his rejection thereof. The agreed statement declares the facts to be as above stated. On April 19, 1902, defendants filed with the surveyor general the said assignments of the Sager certificates of purchase; also a copy of a judgment adjudging that defendants were owners each of an undivided one-half interest in the said lands; also a certified copy of the certificate *Page 350 
showing that they had paid the taxes, penalties, etc., to the state, referred to above. Defendant Kahny on the same day filed his application in due form for tract A and defendant Burgbacher on the same day filed his application to purchase tracts B and C. On July 29, 1902, plaintiff again tendered and there was filed in the office of the surveyor general his said application above referred to to purchase said lands and made all required payments. On said twenty-ninth day of July, 1902, he filed his protest in writing against the Sager applications and certificates of purchase and prayed that they be declared null and void and also prayed that his said application to purchase be "received and filed as of date of the 18th day of April, 1902." The protest is entitled "in the matter of the conflicting claims of" the Sagers and the parties to this action and sets forth all the foregoing facts relating to the various applications and proceedings, as when he first offered to file, and it is recited in said protest that plaintiff filed his application on April 18, 1902, and it is also recited that defendants' applications and other documents were filed on April 19, 1902, "subsequent to the filing of the application to purchase of said" plaintiff. All applications to purchase, all affidavits in support of said applications and all documents referred to and now on file in the surveyor general's office are made part of the protest demanding reference to the court. The deposition of attorney Reid shows that on April 9, 1902, he tendered to the surveyor general the application in due form of defendant Kahny for the land claimed by him and made tender also of all money required by law, that he was informed by the surveyor general "that it would be necessary before any filing would be allowed that the certificate of redemption should be filed, together with the necessary papers showing the transfer of the title acquired by the certificates of purchase then outstanding (the Sager certificates) to Mr. Kahny"; Reid was told that the papers would not be received but that "he could return the papers with the necessary certificates and other papers, but that he would not receive the application and affidavit." Reid received no writing showing the rejection of the application. Following the instructions of the surveyor general Reid procured the required documents and sent them and the application by mail to the surveyor general, posting the package at Redding on *Page 351 
the afternoon of April 18, 1902, and these are the papers referred to so far as tendered on April 9th which were filed on April 19th. On September 10, 1902, the surveyor general made an order referring said contest to said court — "In the matter of the conflicting claims of" plaintiff and defendants, "to purchase a certain tract of land," describing all the land, and reciting: "On April 19, 1902, an application No. 3691, by Jos. A. Kahny for (description Tract A) was received and filed in the office of the state surveyor general." "On April 19, 1902, an application No. 3692 (making similar recital as to Burgbacher application)." "On July 9, 1902 (obviously should be July 29, as shown by statement of facts), an application No. 3758 by W. E. Kleinsorge for all the above-described land was received and filed in the office of the state surveyor general. Said application was accompanied by a duly verified protest and a written demand that the conflicting claims to purchase said land be referred to the proper court for adjudication. . . . It is therefore ordered and directed that the contest as set forth between the above-named parties, be and the same is hereby referred . . . for adjudication."
The court made the following conclusions:
1. That the certificates of purchase issued to the Sagers "are null and void and passed no right, title or interest in or to the lands therein described," and the assignments "are null and void and conveyed no right, title or interest in the lands."
2. That on April 9, 1902, when defendant Kahny offered to file and on the nineteenth day of April, 1902, when he actually did file upon the same, the following lands were state lands and subject to entry and sale (description tract A) and "Is entitled to purchase . . . said lands."
3. That on April 18, 1902, the following lands were state lands and subject to entry and sale (description tracts B and C) and that "plaintiff is entitled to purchase . . . said last described lands."
4. That defendant Burgbacher "has no right, title or interest in or to any of the lands described herein and is entitled to no relief in the action."
1. It is well settled by the decisions that applicants to purchase state lands must state in the applications and the affidavits accompanying the same the facts prescribed by the *Page 352 
statute (Pol. Code, sec. 349) and must state them truthfully. (Miller v. Donovan, 3 Cal.App. 325, [85 P. 159]; McKenzie v.Brandon, 71 Cal. 209, [12 P. 428]; Harbin v. Burghart,76 Cal. 119, [18 P. 127]; Taylor v. Weston, 77 Cal. 534, [20 P. 62]; Wrinkle v. Wright, 136 Cal. 495, [69 P. 148].)
Section 3500 of the same code provides that "any false statement contained in the affidavit provided for in section 3495 defeats the right of the applicant to purchase the lands or to receive any evidence of title thereto." (Wrinkle v.Wright, 136 Cal. 495, [69 P. 148].)
The assignee of a certificate of purchase which conferred no right on the holder by reason of his false statements acquires no right, legal or equitable, by the assignment. (Taylor v. Weston, 77 Cal. 534, [20 P. 62]; Miller v.Donovan, 3 Cal.App. 325, [85 P. 159].)
Section 3500 of the Political Code requires that "timber land belonging to the state shall be sold for cash only," and section 3512 requires of the purchaser full payment within fifty days from the date of approval or location, and "in case payment is not made within fifty days, the lands described in the survey or location revert to the state without suit, and the survey or location is void." (Sec. 3513.) Before the taxes were levied on said lands for which they were sold to the state they had reverted to the state and were not the subject of taxation. (Pol. Code, sec. 3607; People v. Doe, 36 Cal. 220;Low v. Lewis, 46 Cal. 549; People v. Austin, 47 Cal. 360.) It is contended that under section 3788, Political Code, defendants became "preferred purchasers for the period of six months after the deeds are filed with the surveyor general," where the land has been sold for delinquent taxes, because they were "former possessors of the lands thus deeded to the state." This section in terms refers to "state lands upon which the full purchase price of one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre has not been paid," which would seem to exclude defendants, for the statute required full cash payment. Then again, the statute gives the preference to "the former possessors of the land thus deeded to the state," and it is claimed that defendants were never "possessors of the lands." As a still further answer to defendants' claim under this section and at the same time *Page 353 
advanced in support of plaintiff's claim, it is insisted that the taxes for which the lands were sold were illegally imposed for the reason, as above stated, that the land had reverted to the state and title was in the state free from any effect of the Sager certificates of purchase, before the taxes were levied. The point is thus applied: The deed to the state was filed with the surveyor general October 19, 1901, and the statute gives a preference for six months within which no other persons could make application, and therefore defendants' applications' take preference over plaintiff's because plaintiff's application on April 18, 1902, was premature. Suffice it to say upon these contentions that the Sager certificates of purchase were null and void; that defendants acquired no right or preference by payment of the taxes, penalties, etc., as the assignees of the Sager certificates; that the land was subject to location at all times at least after the deed to the state was filed with the surveyor general. The Sager certificates of purchase and all claims thereunder must be eliminated from further consideration. Whatever rights accrued to the parties must take their origin either in their offers to file applications to purchase or in the filing of such applications and in the subsequent proceedings upon the reference to the superior court by the surveyor general. The vital question in the case, it seems to us, is this: Did the court acquire jurisdiction to treat plaintiff's application and protest as made on April 18, 1902, and the application of defendant Kahny as made on April 9, 1902?
It has been frequently held by the supreme court that the jurisdiction exercised by the court to which the contest is referred is special and limited, and is derived from and is restricted to the matters embraced in the order of reference. (Vance v. Evans, 52 Cal. 93; Byrd v. Reichert, 74 Cal. 579, 582, [16 P. 499]. See, also, Jacobs v. Walker, 90 Cal. 43, [27 P. 48]; Perri v. Beaumont, 91 Cal. 31, [27 P. 534];McFaul v. Pfankuch, 98 Cal. 400, [33 P. 397].) In the more recent case of Youle v. Thomas, 146 Cal. 537, [80 P. 714], the court said: "The sole object to be achieved by the trial before the Superior Court is a determination of the question of the rights of the two parties between whom the contest arose in the surveyor general's office to purchase the *Page 354 
particular tract of land. . . . It is not a case where the court has before it a certain fund, or a certain piece of property, to determine what shall ultimately be done with it. In such a case the court, having general jurisdiction in equity, would be entitled to entertain the application of any person claiming a right thereto, and could give judgment awarding the property to anyone who might be able to show his right. But in a question of the sort here involved there is no such general power. It is a mere method by which the state determines to whom it will sell its lands, and the parties concerned are the parties who have made the respective applications and whose rights have been referred to the court for adjudication."
The learned trial court held that Kahny had a right to file his application on April 9th, thus attaining priority over plaintiff's application. It is also held that plaintiff had a right to file his application on April 18th, thus giving priority over defendant Burgbacher's application, and in both cases it treated the right to file as equivalent to an actual filing of the application. In both cases the court held that the Sager certificates of purchase were void and of no effect and the tax sale equally ineffectual for any purpose, through which no rights were acquired by any person and because of which no impediment was created to the location of the land. The court also held that the surveyor general was in error in refusing to allow Kahny to file on April 9th for the reason assigned by him and was also in error in rejecting plaintiff's application on April 19th which he tendered on April 18th, because he failed on April 18th to show that the taxes, penalties, etc., had been paid, and probably for the further reason that defendants as assignees of the Sager certificates were preferred purchasers.
It is urged that the findings of the trial court are outside the issues and that it had no jurisdiction to hear and determine any questions relating to the offers of Kahny and plaintiff to file, and was confined by the order of reference to the dates on which the applications were actually filed and could only adjudicate questions arising at that time on those applications, regardless of all facts occurring prior thereto. It is true that the court derives its jurisdiction from the order of reference alone, but we think the order here did in fact *Page 355 
refer to the court all the proceedings which were had in the surveyor general's office in respect of these lands and the parties applying to purchase the same, whether or not made matter of record at the time. All the facts are agreed to and were all before the surveyor general when he made the order and were part of the papers and documents referred by him to the court. The principal question to be determined, and in fact the only question, after eliminating the Sager certificates of purchase and any pretended rights arising thereunder, was a question of priority of application, for it was conceded that the applicants, the parties to the action, were qualified applicants and the land was open to entry, as we have held, at the time Kahny tendered his application, April 9th, for tract A, and when plaintiff tendered his application, April 18th, so far as respects the balance of the land. The main object of the reference was, it seems to us, to have determined whether or not the surveyor general improperly rejected these two applications and in doing so deprived Kahny and plaintiff of rights to which they were entitled. We cannot agree with appellant Burgbacher that plaintiff was confined tomandamus as his only remedy. What he could have accomplished by it need not be considered, for, as we think, all questions involving the relative rights of the parties were before the court by the order of reference, and the statute gives this remedy, no matter what course might have been taken as to other remedies. Upon the law of the case and under the facts stipulated, it is our opinion that the trial court reached correct conclusions.
Plaintiff contends that Kahny has no standing because he failed to file a protest against the Sager applications and failed to demand an order of reference. But at the time he tendered his application the land was open to location; the Sager certificates and applications were void, as contended by plaintiff and as we hold, and Kahny was not called upon to demand a reference as to them, and, besides, whatever rights they possessed he had by assignment. Furthermore, there was no other application against which he could protest, and he certainly was not called upon to protest against his own application.
We do not understand that defendant Burgbacher claims otherwise than through his application, and as it does not *Page 356 
conflict with Kahny's application, we see no ground on which his appeal against the judgment in favor of Kahny can rest.
We think the judgment of the court was a correct adjudication of all matters referred to it, and the judgment is therefore affirmed.
Hart, J., and Burnett, J., concurred.
A petition to have the cause heard in the supreme court, after judgment in the district court of appeal, was denied by the supreme court on October 31, 1907.