Court Opinion

ID: 166001
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-08-14 09:04:15+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:24:49.401363
License: Public Domain

F I L E D
                                                                   United States Court of Appeals
                                                                           Tenth Circuit
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                          June 21, 2005
                                 TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                       PATRICK FISHER
                                                                               Clerk

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

               Plaintiff - Appellee,                     No. 04-8114
          v.                                      (D.C. No. 03-CR-165-D)
 CARLOS MENDOZA-VERDUZCO                                (D. Wyoming)
 aka Miguel Mendoza Barajas aka
 Carlios,

               Defendant - Appellant.

                            ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before SEYMOUR, HARTZ, and McCONNELL, Circuit Judges.

      Defendant Carlos Mendoza-Verduzco was indicted, along with several

other individuals, on a single count of conspiring to possess with intent to

distribute and distribution of more than 500 grams of methamphetamine, in

      *
        After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.   This order and judgment is
not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,
and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and
judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and
conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(A). He entered a guilty plea after

negotiating a plea agreement. The agreement included the following statement:

            RELEVANT CONDUCT:

             8.    Defendant has been advised of § 1B1.3 of the
      Sentencing Guidelines regarding use of relevant conduct in
      establishing sentence and has read the advisement regarding
      supervised release as stated in this Plea Agreement. The
      United States and the Defendant hereby stipulate and agree that the
      Defendant’s relevant conduct in this conspiracy involved at least 1.5
      kilograms but no more than 5 kilograms of methamphetamine.

R. Vol. I Doc. 252 at 5. The stipulated amount of methamphetamine requires a

10-year mandatory minimum sentence. 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A)(viii).

      At the hearing on Defendant’s guilty plea the court engaged in the

following colloquy regarding the stipulated amount:

             THE COURT: The quantity of drugs that you’re stipulating
      to, again, is sufficient to establish the ten-year mandatory minimum?

            [Government Counsel]: Yes, sir.

            THE COURT: Are you satisfied, counsel, as to the quantity of
      drugs involved in this matter?

            [Defense Counsel]: Yes.

            THE COURT: And what is your estimate of that drug
      quantity?

           [Defense Counsel]: Somewhere in the neighborhood of
      between 1½ to 5 kilograms.

            THE COURT: Do you agree with that, Mr. Mendoza?

                                        -2-
            THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

R. Vol. II at 33. The presentence report (PSR) agreed with the stipulated amount

and, based on two prior firearms convictions, awarded Defendant three criminal

history points, placing him in criminal history category II. Defendant’s final base

offense level of 31—his total offense level of 34, see United States Sentencing

Guidelines (USSG) § 2D1.1 (c)(3), minus three levels for acceptance of

responsibility, see USSG § 3E1.1 (a)-(b)—and his criminal history category

yielded a guidelines sentencing range of 121-151 months. Defendant raised no

objection to the PSR.

      At the September 30, 2004, sentencing hearing, the government moved the

court to sentence Defendant to the 120-month statutory minimum because it was

only one month less than the guidelines minimum and the minimum sentence

“would eliminate any prospective issue with respect to Blakely [v. Washington,

124 S. Ct. 2531 (2004)].” R. Vol. III at 5-6. The court granted the motion

because it was a small departure, did not go below the mandatory minimum, and

eliminated potential Blakely issues. Defendant’s only objection was that

application to him of § 841(b)(1)(A)’s mandatory minimum was unconstitutional

because it amounted to cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth

Amendment. The district court declined to declare the statute unconstitutional

and sentenced Defendant to 120 months’ imprisonment.

                                        -3-
      On appeal, Defendant’s counsel filed an Anders brief, see Anders v.

California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). Appellate counsel who believes an appeal to be

“wholly frivolous, after a conscientious examination,” may file a brief with the

court requesting permission to withdraw, but must inform the court of “anything

in the record that might arguably support the appeal.” Id. at 744. The defendant

is then given a chance to “raise any points that he chooses”; and the court, “after

a full examination of all the proceedings, . . . decide[s] whether the case is wholly

frivolous.” Id. In compliance with Anders, counsel provided Defendant with a

copy of his appellate brief and Defendant filed a pro se reply and a motion for

appointment of new counsel.

      The Anders brief and Defendant’s reply raise the following arguments: (1)

the district court erred in imposing the 10-year mandatory minimum; (2)

Defendant’s criminal history was calculated incorrectly; (3) Defendant was

entitled to a “safety valve” departure under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f); (4) the 120-

month sentence is cruel and unusual; (5) the sentence violated United States v.

Booker, 125 S. Ct. 738 (2005); and (6) he was provided ineffective assistance of

counsel.

      The first argument is frivolous because Defendant stipulated to facts

requiring the district court to impose the 10-year mandatory minimum sentence.

As for the second argument, Defendant objects to his criminal history calculation

                                          -4-
on two grounds. First, he claims that his prior convictions for operating a motor

vehicle without a license overrepresent his criminal history. But no criminal

history points were awarded for any of those convictions. Second, he claims that

an evidentiary hearing was necessary because the only evidence of the convictions

was the PSR’s statement of their existence. But he neither requested such a

hearing nor objected at sentencing, so the PSR’s assertions are deemed admitted.

United States v. Shinault, 147 F.3d 1266, 1277, 1278 (10th Cir. 1998).

      Defendant’s third argument is also without merit. “Safety valve”

departures are limited to defendants who have no more than one criminal history

point and who proffered information to the government. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f)(1)

and (5). Defendant meets neither requirement.

      Defendant’s cruel-and-unusual-punishment argument fails because the

sentence is required by statute and not grossly disproportionate. See

United States v. Youngpeter, 986 F.2d 349, 355 (10th Cir. 1993). And his

ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim cannot be raised on this appeal. See

United States v. Galloway, 56 F.3d 1239, 1240 (10th Cir. 1995)(en banc)

(ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims must be brought on collateral review,

not direct appeal).

      Finally, Booker is irrelevant because Defendant was sentenced under

§ 841’s mandatory minimum, not the Sentencing Guidelines. See United States v.

                                        -5-
Williams, 403 F.3d 1188, 1202 (10th Cir. 2005) (Murphy, J, concurring and

dissenting) (noting that mandatory minimums are unaffected by Booker);

United States v. Childs, 403 F.3d 970, 972 (8th Cir. 2005) (noting Booker is

“wholly inapposite” when reviewing mandatory minimum sentences).

      For the foregoing reasons, Defendant’s sentence is AFFIRMED.

Furthermore, we have conducted our own review of the record and agree that the

appeal in this case is wholly frivolous and GRANT counsel’s Anders motion to

withdraw. Defendant’s motion for appointment of new counsel is DENIED.

                                      ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                      Harris L Hartz
                                      Circuit Judge

                                        -6-