Court Opinion

ID: 9939795
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-12 19:09:14.934543+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:41:56.232812
License: Public Domain

J-S34041-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  JEREMIAH POLKA                               :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 18 WDA 2023

     Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 29, 2022
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Armstrong County Criminal Division at
                      No(s): CP-03-CR-0000590-2021

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., STABILE, J., and MURRAY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.:                           FILED: February 12, 2024

       Jeremiah Polka (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed following his conviction of driving under the influence of alcohol –

general impairment (DUI); and his summary conviction of driving on roadways

laned for traffic.1     Appellant’s public defender (Counsel) has also filed a

petition to withdraw as counsel and an accompanying brief in accordance with

Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and Commonwealth v.

Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009). We grant Counsel’s petition to withdraw

and affirm the judgment of sentence.

       On March 9, 2021, Appellant was subject to a traffic stop after failing to

stay within his lane of travel.        During the stop, Pennsylvania State Police

____________________________________________

1 75 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3802(a)(1), 3309(1).
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Trooper Victor Santoyo (Trooper Santoyo) detected the smell of alcohol and

noticed Appellant had slurred speech and glassy, bloodshot eyes. Trooper

Santoyo asked Appellant to complete field sobriety tests, during which Trooper

Santoyo observed signs of impairment. Appellant was arrested on suspicion

of DUI, and he refused a chemical breath test. The Commonwealth charged

Appellant with DUI – general impairment, DUI – blood alcohol 0.02 or greater

while license is suspended, driving on roadways laned for traffic, and driving

with a suspended license.

       Appellant filed a pre-trial motion in limine seeking to preclude

introduction of dash cam video recordings (the video) from the traffic stop and

the results of his field sobriety tests. After hearing argument,2 the trial court

granted the motion in part, and precluded admission of the results of

Appellant’s horizontal gaze nystagmus test.3 The court denied the motion in

all other respects.

       The jury found Appellant guilty of DUI – general impairment. The trial

court convicted Appellant of the summary offense of driving on roadways

____________________________________________

2 The docket reflects Appellant filed his motion in limine on the day of trial.

The trial court’s order likewise indicates the court heard argument “on the
record in chambers[,]” Trial Court Order, 7/14/22, although the certified
record does not contain transcripts of the argument.

3 The horizontal gaze nystagmus test is one of several commonly used field

sobriety tests which assesses the subject’s ability to focus.    See
Commonwealth v. Conway, 534 A.2d 541, 542 n.1 (Pa. Super. 1987).

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laned for traffic, and found him not guilty of the remaining offense.           On

November 29, 2022, the trial court sentenced Appellant to 30 to 84 months

in prison, consecutive to an unrelated, previously imposed sentence. The trial

court also directed Appellant to pay costs, fees, and fines. Trial counsel 4 did

not file a post-sentence motion on Appellant’s behalf.

       Public defender counsel James P. Spriestersbach, Esquire, entered his

appearance on December 9, 2022, the last day on which Appellant could file

a timely post-sentence motion. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(1) (post-sentence

motions must be filed within 10 days after the imposition of sentence). On

the same date, Attorney Spriestersbach filed a motion for extension of time

to file post-sentence motions, to permit Attorney Spriestersbach time to

review the case, as he had only recently spoken to Appellant for the first time.

Attorney Spriestersbach argued a post-sentence motion was necessary to

preserve issues Appellant wished to raise on appeal. The trial court denied

the motion.

       Attorney Spriestersbach filed a timely appeal on Appellant’s behalf. On

July 3, 2023, Attorney Spriestersbach filed an application to withdraw from

representation and Anders brief.           Appellant did not file a pro se brief or

respond to Attorney Spriestersbach’s application to withdraw.5

____________________________________________

4 Appellant was represented by privately retained counsel at the time.

5 The Commonwealth did not file a brief.

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      Attorney Spriestersbach stated in his Anders brief that Appellant

wished to challenge the admission of the video.           Attorney Spriestersbach

claimed the issue was waived, because trial counsel did not object to the

admission of the video during trial. During our initial review, this Court noted

the following:

             Generally, a party must make a contemporaneous and
      specific objection to the admission of evidence. Commonwealth
      v. Boyd, 679 A.2d 1284, 1289 (Pa. Super. 1996). However,
      “[c]onsistent with Pa.R.E. 103(a), a motion in limine may preserve
      an objection for appeal without any need to renew the objection
      at trial, but only if the trial court clearly and definitely rules on the
      motion.” Commonwealth v. McGriff, 160 A.3d 863, 866 (Pa.
      Super. 2017) (citation and ellipses omitted); see also Pa.R.E.
      103(b) (“Once the court rules definitively on the record—either
      before or at trial—a party need not renew an objection or offer of
      proof to preserve a claim of error for appeal.”).

             Upon review, we agree that Appellant’s trial counsel did not
      object to the video’s admission. N.T., 7/14/22, at 31. However,
      Appellant challenged the admissibility of the dash cam video
      recordings in his motion in limine. See Motion in Limine, 7/14/22.
      Appellant’s claim was sufficiently preserved for review because the
      trial court denied the portion of Appellant’s motion challenging the
      admissibility of the video. As the trial court issued a definitive
      ruling, Appellant was not required to object to the admission of
      the video at trial in order to preserve the issue. Pa.R.E. 103(a),
      (b); Commonwealth v. Stokes, 78 A.3d 644, 652 (Pa. Super.
      2013) (“Appellant preserved the issue by litigating the pre-trial
      motion in limine, and was not required to object to the trial court’s
      ruling on the motion or place an objection on the record at trial in
      order to preserve the issue for appeal.”).

Commonwealth v. Polka, 18 WDA 2023, 2023 WL 6939085 (Pa. Super. filed

Oct. 20, 2023) (unpublished memorandum at 6-7). We therefore remanded

the matter for Attorney Spriestersbach to address the issue by filing an

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advocate’s brief or a new Anders brief. See id. (unpublished memorandum

at 7).

         At the time of this Court’s remand, Attorney Spriestersbach had left the

public defender’s office, and Counsel entered her appearance. Counsel filed a

petition to withdraw and accompanying Anders brief on November 20, 2023.

We subsequently directed Counsel to supply to this Court a copy of the letter

advising Appellant of his rights to proceed pro se or with private counsel, in

accordance with Commonwealth v. Millisock, 873 A.3d 748 (Pa. Super.

2005), as the letter was absent from the electronic filing.       Counsel timely

complied with our order, thus satisfying the initial requirements under

Anders. See Commonwealth v. Burwell, 42 A.2d 1077, 1083 (Pa. Super.

2012) (requiring an attorney seeking to withdraw to (1) petition the court for

leave to withdraw; (2) file a brief referring to any issues of arguable merit;

and (3) furnish a copy of the brief to defendant and advise him of his right to

retain new counsel or raise additional points he deems worthy of the court’s

attention).

         Additionally, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has determined that a

proper Anders brief must

         (1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
         citations to the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that
         counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set forth
         counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state
         counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous.
         Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling
         case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion
         that the appeal is frivolous.

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Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.

      Instantly,   Counsel’s   Anders   Brief   summarizes    the   factual   and

procedural history of this appeal and explains Counsel’s reasons for concluding

the appeal is wholly frivolous.     As Counsel has satisfied the procedural

requirements of Anders and Santiago, we independently review the record

to determine whether Appellant’s appeal is, in fact, wholly frivolous.

      Counsel again states that Appellant wishes to challenge the admission

of the video. Anders Brief at 17. In particular,

      Appellant argues that the … video should not have been admitted
      as it was doctored, with certain portions of the … video removed
      or muted. Further, the Appellant appears to have expressed
      concern regarding the questioning of the Appellant by Trooper
      Santoyo that took place while the Appellant was being transported
      to [Pennsylvania State Police] barracks.

Id.

      Counsel acknowledges that a motion in limine may preserve issues

without the need to object again at trial. See id. at 16; see also McGriff,

160 A.3d at 866. However, Counsel claims the precise issue Appellant wishes

to raise in this appeal (i.e., concerning potential alterations made to the video

and excerpts showing his transport to the police barracks) was not raised in

the motion in limine.

      Following review, we agree with Counsel that Appellant did not address

his present argument in his motion in limine. In his motion in limine, Appellant

sought to preclude introduction of the results of the field sobriety tests “and

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[] the video of the tests[.]” Motion in Limine, 7/14/22, ¶ 3. Appellant raised

specific arguments regarding the horizontal gaze nystagmus, one leg stand,

and walk and turn tests.    Then, in conclusion, he argued, “any testimony

regarding the tests and any video evidence of the performance of the

tests should be barred from evidence.”         Id., ¶ 11 (emphasis added).

Appellant did not raise a more generalized challenge to the admissibility,

authentication, or accuracy of the video in his motion in limine.        As we

acknowledged previously, Appellant’s trial counsel did not object to the video’s

admission in any manner. See N.T., 7/14/22, at 31.

      Citing a lack of opportunity to speak with Appellant, Counsel nonetheless

addresses the merits of Appellant’s claim. See Appellant’s Brief at 18-21. We

briefly do the same. During trial, but outside the presence of the jury, the

prosecutor discussed alterations made to the video:

      I made a list, that I have provided to defense counsel[,] and I
      mentioned it to the [c]ourt earlier in chambers--I think it would
      just make sense for this to be part of the record. I am not asking
      that this be an exhibit that go[es back] with the jury. I just think
      for purposes of the record it … won’t make any sense and there
      would be nothing documented of what portions were muted [by
      the prosecutor], so I have a list here of ten different portions of
      the video, along with a little bit of other information about the
      [video] itself. I have marked it as Commonwealth’s Exhibit 2-A,
      so basically a companion exhibit to the [video] itself. I would just
      ask that this be admitted as part of the record but not an exhibit
      for the jury itself.

N.T., 7/14/22, at 35. Defense counsel did not object to the document’s use

as an accompaniment to the video.       Id.   When the jury returned to the

courtroom, the trial court provided the following explanation:

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      I am [] told by the attorneys that throughout this video there are
      a couple of places where [the prosecutor] has agreed to mute the
      audio because there is some discussion about matters that are not
      relevant to this case. Don’t even try to concern yourself with what
      those are. … That is by agreement with the attorneys.

Id. at 36 (emphasis added).

      Thus, the record reflects that Appellant was fully aware that portions of

the video’s audio had been muted. Defense counsel did not object to the video

itself or the Commonwealth’s accompanying document explaining the

alterations, nor did defense counsel object after viewing the video in court.

Appellant’s argument concerning alterations to the video is therefore waived.

See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the trial court are waived and

cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”); McGriff, 160 A.3d at 866

(stating “it is well-settled that a party must make a timely and specific

objection at trial, and the failure to do so results in waiver of that issue on

appeal.”).

      We agree with Counsel’s assessment that Appellant’s issue is waived,

and the appeal is frivolous. Further, our independent review discloses no non-

frivolous issues Appellant could raise on appeal.      Accordingly, we grant

Appellant’s petition to withdraw and affirm Appellant’s judgment sentence.

      Petition to withdraw granted. Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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DATE: 02/12/2024

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