Court Opinion

ID: 9398136
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-05-30 14:12:47.750405+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:19:31.146592
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

              Present: Judges AtLee, Friedman and Senior Judge Clements
UNPUBLISHED

              RICHARD CHASE MAHER
                                                                              MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.     Record No. 1672-22-2                                         PER CURIAM
                                                                                  MAY 30, 2023
              COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

                                    FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF LOUISA COUNTY
                                               Timothy K. Sanner, Judge

                              (Richard T. Harry, Jr., on brief), for appellant. Appellant submitting
                              on brief.

                              (Jason S. Miyares, Attorney General; Matthew P. Dullaghan, Senior
                              Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

                     A jury convicted Richard Chase Maher of strangulation, assault and battery of a family

              member, third or subsequent offense, and violating a protective order, second or subsequent

              offense, under Code §§ 18.2-51.6, -57.2 and 16.1-253.2. The Circuit Court of Louisa County

              sentenced Maher to a collective sentence of 10 years and 12 months with 5 years suspended.

              Maher argues on appeal that the evidence was insufficient as a matter of law to find him guilty of

              assault and battery of a family member and strangulation. However, he made no motions to

              strike or set aside the convictions for those charges, and his arguments on appeal are therefore

              waived under Rule 5A:18. The panel therefore unanimously holds that oral argument is

              unnecessary because “the appeal is wholly without merit” and affirms the order of the circuit court.

              Code § 17.1-403(ii)(a); Rule 5A:27(a).

                     *
                         This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1-413.
                                           BACKGROUND

        A Louisa County grand jury indicted Maher with felony strangulation under Code

§ 18.2-51.6, felony aggravated malicious wounding under Code § 18.2-51.2, felony assault and

battery of a family member, third or subsequent offense, under Code § 18.2-57.2, and misdemeanor

violation of a protective order, second or subsequent offense, under Code § 16.1-253.2. In the

course of the jury trial, at the close of the Commonwealth’s case-in-chief, Maher moved to strike

the evidence of aggravated malicious wounding, contending that the evidence was insufficient to

establish a permanent injury. The trial court ruled that the evidence of permanent injury related

specifically to the strangulation charge and there was insufficient evidence that the other conduct

alleged to be an aggravated malicious wounding resulted in a permanent injury. The trial court

therefore granted Maher’s motion to strike the aggravated malicious wounding charge. Maher

made no motion to strike the other offenses or alleged that the Commonwealth’s evidence was

insufficient to support a conviction for those other offenses.

        Maher then put on his evidence and testified, claiming self-defense. After the defense

rested, the Commonwealth presented no rebuttal and also rested. Maher made no renewed motion

to strike or argued to the trial court that the evidence was insufficient as a matter of law to convict

for the remaining charges, instead only presenting closing argument to the jury. The jury found

Maher guilty of strangulation, assault and battery of a family member, third or subsequent offense,

and violating a protective order, second or subsequent offense. The trial court accordingly

convicted and, after a hearing, sentenced Maher to 10 years and 12 months of incarceration with 5

years suspended. Maher made no motion to set aside the verdict.

                                              ANALYSIS

        Maher argues only that the evidence was insufficient as a matter of law to support his

convictions because the witness lacked sufficient credibility to overcome his self-defense testimony.

                                                  -2-
       “No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for reversal unless an

objection was stated with reasonable certainty at the time of the ruling, except for good cause

shown or to enable this Court to attain the ends of justice.” Rule 5A:18. “The purpose of Rule

5A:18 is ‘to ensure that the trial court and opposing party are given the opportunity to

intelligently address, examine, and resolve issues in the trial court, thus avoiding unnecessary

appeals.’” Friedman v. Smith, 68 Va. App. 529, 544 (2018) (quoting Andrews v.

Commonwealth, 37 Va. App. 479, 493 (2002)). “Rule 5A:18 requires a litigant to articulate an

objection with specificity ‘so that the trial judge . . . know[s] the particular point being made in

time to do something about it.’” Hicks v. Commonwealth, 71 Va. App. 255, 266 (2019)

(alterations in original) (quoting Thomas v. Commonwealth, 44 Va. App. 741, 750, adopted upon

reh’g en banc, 45 Va. App. 811 (2005)).

       A defendant’s failure to object to the sufficiency of the evidence “is a waiver of that issue

just as if the defendant ‘failed to object to any other matter at trial.’” Murrillo-Rodriguez v.

Commonwealth, 279 Va. 64, 80 (2010) (quoting White v. Commonwealth, 3 Va. App. 231, 233

(1986)). A defendant tried by a jury may preserve his objections to the sufficiency of the

evidence in a motion to strike at the conclusion of the Commonwealth’s case (if he elects to not

introduce evidence of his own), in a motion to strike at the close of all evidence, or in a motion to

set aside the verdict. Commonwealth v. Bass, 292 Va. 19, 33 (2016). “[A] challenge to the

sufficiency of the Commonwealth’s evidence is waived if not raised with some specificity in the

trial court.” Mounce v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 433, 435 (1987). “In addition, ‘[m]aking

one specific argument on an issue does not preserve a separate legal point on the same issue for

review.’” Banks v. Commonwealth, 67 Va. App. 273, 285 (2017) (alteration in original) (quoting

Edwards v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 752, 760 (2003) (en banc)).

                                                -3-
        Maher made a motion to strike but argued only that the evidence was insufficient to support

the aggravated malicious wounding charge and raised no sufficiency challenge to the other charges.

The trial court considered the evidence on the aggravated malicious wounding, found a separate

legal reason why the evidence was insufficient for that offense, and granted the motion to strike.

Maher never argued to the trial court, during or after trial, that the witness’s credibility was

insufficient to overcome his self-defense claim as a matter of law as to the other charges. His

motion to strike on one offense does not preserve novel arguments that the evidence was insufficient

for other offenses. His argument on appeal is therefore not preserved.

        Although there are exceptions to the preservation requirement under Rule 5A:18, Maher did

not raise them on brief. “This Court will not consider, sua sponte, an [exception] under Rule

5A:18.” Widdifield v. Commonwealth, 43 Va. App. 559, 564 (2004) (en banc). We therefore do not

consider whether any exception was applicable in this case.

                                            CONCLUSION

        For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the order of the trial court.

                                                                                                   Affirmed.

                                                  -4-