Court Opinion

ID: 4530946
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-05-01 17:00:24.570763+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:23:24.655492
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                ______________

                                       No. 19-2126
                                     ______________

                    JEAN LAWNICZAK, as Personal Representative
                       of the Estate of John Orlando, Deceased,
                                                            Appellant

                                             v.

     COUNTY OF ALLEGHENY; ORLANDO HARPER; SIMOIN WAINWRIGHT;
     MARGUERITE BONENBERGER; ANDREW HABURJAK; JOHN PIENDEL;
    JASON BEASOM; JOHN WILLIAMS; THOMAS FLAHERTY; ROMAN CAITO;
         CASEY MULLEN; DAVID C. DABROWSKI; TRICIA CORRADO;
                   TERESA LATHAM; MICHAEL CERDA
                            ______________

                   On Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Western District of Pennsylvania
                               (D.C. No. 2-17-cv-00185)
               Honorable Lisa P. Lenihan, United States Magistrate Judge
                                   ______________

                      Submitted under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                   February 7, 2020

            BEFORE: SHWARTZ, SCIRICA, and COWEN, Circuit Judges

                                   (Filed: May 1, 2020)

                                     ______________

                                        OPINION
                                     ______________


 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7
does not constitute binding precedent.
COWEN, Circuit Judge.

       Plaintiff Jean Lawniczak appeals from the order and judgment of the United States

District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania granting Defendants’ motion for

summary judgment. We will affirm.

                                             I.

       John Orlando committed suicide while in detention at the Allegheny County Jail

(“ACJ”). Lawniczak, Orlando’s mother, filed this 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action,1 naming as

Defendants Allegheny County, ACJ Warden Orlando Harper (“Warden Harper”); ACJ

Deputy Warden Simon Wainwright (“Deputy Warden Wainwright”), ACJ Corrections

Officer Marguerite Bonenberger (“Corrections Officer Bonenberger”), ACJ Sergeant

Andrew Haburjak (“Sergeant Haburjak”), and Tricia Corrado, R.N. (“Nurse Corrado”).2

Lawniczak brought her claims under the Eighth Amendment, but she acknowledges that,

because Orlando was a pre-trial detainee, they “must be analyzed under the Fourteenth

Amendment, pursuant to Third Circuit jurisprudence.” (Appellant’s Brief at 12 n.3

(citing Colburn v. Upper Darby Twp., 838 F.2d 663, 668 (3d Cir. 1988); Natale v.

Camden Cty. Corr. Facility, 318 F.3d 575, 581 (3d Cir. 2003)).) Specifically, Count I of

her amended complaint alleged a municipal liability claim against Allegheny County

premised on its failure to prevent suicide or self-harm amongst at-risk inmates due to

inadequate staffing as well as the failure to train employees in the proper procedures to

protect at-risk inmates. Count II alleged that the individual Defendants acted with

       1
        The parties consented to a United States Magistrate Judge conducting any or all
proceedings in this matter. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(c)(1).
      2
        The other defendants named in this action were dismissed pursuant to stipulation.
                                             2
reckless indifference by failing to take reasonable steps to ensure Orlando’s safety (and,

specifically with respect to Warden Harper and Deputy Warden Wainwright, by allegedly

failing employ an adequate level of staffing). Finally, Count III set forth a wrongful

death claim under state law.

       Defendants moved for summary judgment. The District Court granted their

motion and entered judgment in their favor and against Lawniczak. The District Court

explained that “[i]n this Circuit, ‘the vulnerability to suicide framework applies when a

plaintiff seeks to hold prison officials accountable for failing to prevent a prison

suicide.’” Lawniczak v. Allegheny Cty., Civil Action No. 17-00185, 2019 WL 1923379,

at *5 (W.D. Pa. Apr. 30, 2019) (quoting Palakovic v. Wetzel, 854 F.3d 209, 224 (3d Cir.

2017)). According to the District Court, “there is no evidence from which a reasonable

jury could conclude that CO Bonenberger, Sgt. Haburjak, and Nurse Corrado were

deliberately indifferent to suicide throughout their interactions with him.” Id. at *6.

Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Lawniczak, the District Court

determined that “the record reflects that all three Defendants ‘were sensitive to a potential

that [Orlando] was suicidal and took more than necessary precautions based on the

available information and circumstances as they appeared.’” Id. (quoting Baez v.

Lancaster Cty., 487 F. App’x 30, 32 (3d Cir. 2012)). With respect to the claims against

Allegheny County, Warden Harper, and Deputy Warden Wainwright, the District Court

concluded that these secondary theories of liability necessarily failed given its

determination that Orlando’s constitutional rights were not violated. It also declined to

exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining state law count. See 28 U.S.C. §

                                              3
1367(c)(3).

                                              II.

       “The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment provides pre-trial

detainees at least as much protection for personal security as the level guaranteed to

prisoners by the Eighth Amendment.”3 Palakovic, 854 F.3d at 222 (citing Colburn, 838

F.2d at 668). Under “the vulnerability to suicide” framework, a plaintiff must show:

       (1) that the individual had a particular vulnerability to suicide, meaning that
       there was a “strong likelihood rather than a mere possibility,” that a suicide
       would be attempted; (2) that the prison official knew or should have known
       of the individual’s particular vulnerability; and (3) that the official acted
       with reckless or deliberate indifference, meaning something beyond mere
       negligence, to the individual’s particular vulnerability.

Id. at 223-24 (footnote omitted). We agree with the District Court that no reasonable

juror could find that Corrections Officer Bonenberger, Sergeant Haburjak and Nurse

Corrado acted with reckless or deliberate indifference.

       Upon Orlando’s arrival at the ACJ following his arrest for simple assault,

harassment, and public drunkenness, the arresting police officers told Corrections Officer

Bonenberger that Orlando had said that he wanted to hang himself. Corrections Officer

Bonenberger conveyed this information to Sergeant Haburjak. Experiencing the effects

       3
          The District Court had subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331.
We have appellate jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We exercise plenary review over
a district court’s order granting a motion for summary judgment. See, e.g., Blunt v.
Lower Merion Sch. Dist., 767 F.3d 247, 265 (3d Cir. 2014). Summary judgment is
appropriate if the moving party shows that “there is no genuine dispute as to any material
fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). “A
factual dispute is material if it bears on an essential element of the plaintiff’s claim, and is
genuine if a reasonable jury could find in favor of the nonmoving party.” Natale, 318
F.3d at 580 (citing Fakete v. Aetna, Inc., 308 F.3d 335, 337 (3d Cir. 2002)).
                                               4
of withdrawal, Orlando was extremely agitated and distraught. During the intake process

(which was videotaped), Orlando said: “I’m sick. I’m dying of liver disease. I’m on

high doses of Fentanyl and Xanax. I’m going to die in here. I’m going to fucking die in

here. I am going to die in here.” (RR267.) Immediately following those statements, he

said “I hope I die. Caus’ you’re going to be in trouble” and “I hope I fucking die in here.”

(Id.) Lawniczak emphasizes the fact that “Sergeant Haburjak expressly acknowledged

Mr. Orlando’s need for a suicide gown” but “failed to provide him one.” (Appellant’s

Brief at 16 (emphasis omitted) (citing RR259-RR260).) However, Orlando was

“confined . . . to a chair with wrist, waist, and ankle restraints for approximately eight (8)

hours.” (Id. (citing RR259-RR260).) While restrained, he was placed in a cell used for

inmates on suicide precautions, which is located directly in front of the corrections

officer’s desk and which permitted the officers to observe Orlando. The two corrections

officers did not relay to Nurse Corrado what the arresting officers said to Corrections

Officer Bonenberger before she interviewed Orlando, but Orlando’s statements about

killing himself were included in their subsequent written reports. “The record also

reflects that Nurse Corrado examined Orlando moments after he was placed in the

restraint chair” and that he continued to threaten “to harm everyone present, including

himself.” (RR47.) Given the volatile natu're of the whole episode (as well as the fact

that Nurse Corrado concluded that Orlando was suicidal based on her own observations

and Orlando’s responses to her questions), we agree with the District Court that “no

reasonable jury could find that CO Bonenberger and Sgt. Haburjak’s failure to inform

Nurse Corrado of [Orlando’s statements to the arresting officers] constituted deliberate

                                              5
indifference to Orlando’s particular vulnerability to suicide.” Lawniczak, 2019 WL

1923379, at *6.

       Lawniczak takes Nurse Corrado to task because she “failed to refer Mr. Orlando to

an outside facility for mental health treatment even though she had the authority to do so

or to place Mr. Orlando on suicide precautions when she cleared him for admittance to

ACJ, even though she had the authority to do so.” (Appellant’s Brief at 16-17 (emphasis

omitted) (citing RR260) (further noting that Nurse Corrado allegedly failed to include

vital information regarding Orlando’s mental state in shift-to-shift report).) Admittedly,

Orlando did disclose to Nurse Corrado his current drug usage as well as his history of

mental health problems. Nurse Corrado concluded he was a harm to himself and suicidal.

Furthermore, she testified at her deposition that she received no formal training at the

ACJ exclusively devoted to suicide prevention practices and could not recall that the ACJ

had a written suicide prevention policy at the time of her interactions with Orlando.4 We

reiterate, however, that, at the time Nurse Corrado interviewed and medically cleared

Orlando for ACJ admission, Orlando was still restrained in a cell that could be directly

monitored by the corrections officers. Nurse Corrado also knew that after his

arraignment, Orlando would be seen not only by another nurse—for a comprehensive

assessment of his medical needs—but, if necessary, also by a mental health specialist.

       4
        It appears that Orlando was not examined by a mental health specialist until after
he was removed from the restraint chair. “Pursuant to ACJ policies and procedures, Mr.
Orlando should not have been released from the restraint chair without the approval of a
mental health specialist” and “should have been placed in a suicide gown as a
preventative measure.” (Appellant’s Brief at 5-6 (citing RR124, RR134, RR160-
RR178).)
                                             6
       In fact, Orlando was subsequently seen by another nurse as well as a mental health

specialist. The interactions between Orlando, Corrections Officer Bonenberger, Sergeant

Haburjak, and Nurse Corrado occurred on March 24-25, 2016, and Orlando hanged

himself on March 29, 2016. In the interim, Orlando was seen by, among others: (1)

Charlotte Wright (who was employed by an external agency providing various services to

individuals suffering from mental health issues); (2) Nurse Theresa Latham (who

conducted a comprehensive medical assessment of Orlando and actually referred him to a

mental health specialist); (4) Mental Health Specialist Ruth Harrison (e.g., “Mr. Orlando

was ‘cleared to population’ by a mental health specialist” (Appellant’s Brief at 8 (quoting

RR102, RR179-RR180)), resulting in his assignment to a mental health unit (Pod 5-F)

where inmates are “double celled” with a cellmate); and (5) D.W. Stechschulte, M.D.

(who saw Orlando on March 28 and March 29 and cleared him to be transferred to the

general population approximately two and a half hours before the hanging occurred).

       Because Orlando’s constitutional rights were not violated, Lawniczak’s claims

against Allegheny County, Warden Harper, and Deputy Warden Wainwright necessarily

fail.5 See City of Los Angeles v. Heller, 475 U.S. 796, 799 (1986).

       5
         According to Lawniczak, Deputy Warden Wainwright admitted that the ACJ did
not have enough manpower to monitor Pod 5-F, that the ACJ may need to reevaluate how
they handle people with mental health issues, and that the treatment of inmates with
mental health issues could be classified as inadequate. She also contends that Warden
Harper received complaints from a couple of corrections officers regarding inadequate
staffing levels (which he found to be invalid) and that he did not know if ACJ intake staff
were properly trained in suicide prevention practices. However, there were three
corrections officers working on the pod at the time of the hanging. Regarding Deputy
Warden Wainwright’s alleged “inadequate” treatment statement, we agree with the
District Court that he “was specifically testifying about the ‘use of force’ with respect to
                                             7
                                                  III.

         For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the order and judgment of the District

Court.

the ACJ’s treatment of mental health inmates.” Lawniczak, 2019 WL 1923379, at *2 n.8.
Warden Harper likewise testified at his deposition that suicide prevention training was
provided to the staff (even though he could not say at that time that all of the intake
personnel were trained).
                                              8