Court Opinion

ID: 4263882
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-04-13 18:00:41.323881+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:27:27.360253
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                              APR 13 2018
 1                        NOT FOR PUBLICATION             SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK
                                                            U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
                                                            OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 2
 3                  UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
                              OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 4
 5   In re:                        )     BAP No.      EW-17-1238-BJF
                                   )
 6   MARK KEVIN HANNA and JENNIFER )     Bk. No.      16-03437-FPC
     MCWILLIAMS-HANNA,             )
 7                                 )
                     Debtors.      )
 8                                 )
                                   )
 9   ALLAN MARGITAN,               )
                                   )
10                   Appellant,    )
                                   )
11   v.                            )     M E M O R A N D U M1
                                   )
12   MARK KEVIN HANNA; JENNIFER    )
     MCWILLIAMS-HANNA,             )
13                                 )
                     Appellees.    )
14   ______________________________)
15             Submitted Without Argument on March 22, 2018,
16                           Filed - April 13, 2018
17             Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
                   for the Eastern District of Washington
18
      Honorable Frederick P. Corbit, Chief Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding
19
20   Appearances:    Appellant Allan Margitan, pro se on brief; Ian
                     Ledlin of Phillabaum Ledlin Matthews & Sheldon,
21                   PLLC on brief for Appellees Mark Hanna and Jennifer
                     McWilliams-Hanna.
22
23   Before:   BRAND, JURY2 and FARIS, Bankruptcy Judges.
24
25        1
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication.
26   Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may have
     (see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1), it has no precedential value. See 9th
27   Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1.
          2
28           Hon. Meredith A. Jury, Bankruptcy Judge for the Central
     District of California, sitting by designation.
 1        Appellant Allan Margitan appeals an order (1) denying his
 2   motion to dismiss the debtors' chapter 113 case and (2) confirming
 3   the debtors' chapter 11 plan of reorganization.    We AFFIRM.
 4                I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
 5   A.   Prepetition events
 6        1.     The parcels and the Hannas' sewage system
 7        The Margitans and the debtors, Mark Hanna and Jennifer
 8   McWilliams-Hanna, have been neighbors since 2002 and have been
 9   litigating various land disputes between them for the past several
10   years.    The Hannas own what is known as Parcel 2 of a 3-parcel
11   Short Plat; the Margitans own Parcels 1 and 3 and live on
12   Parcel 1.    The Margitans have a 40-foot ingress, egress and
13   utility easement over the Hannas' Parcel 2, which the Margitans
14   use to access Parcel 3 — a lakeside property that contains a high-
15   end vacation home the Margitans purchased in 2010 and remodeled
16   for use as a rental property.    In 2002, after the county approved
17   the parties' predecessor's application for the Short Plat, a
18   waterline for supplying potable water to the parcels was installed
19   somewhere in the 40-foot easement.
20        In 2003, the Hannas obtained a permit from the Spokane
21   Regional Health District ("SRHD") for the construction of an on-
22   site sewage system for Parcel 2.    SRHD was informed, incorrectly,
23   that the easement was only 20 feet wide.    Mr. Hanna knew prior to
24   the system's installation that the easement was 40 feet wide, but
25   never gave his contractor that information.    Unfortunately,
26
27        3
             Unless specified otherwise, all chapter, code and rule
     references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532, and
28   the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, Rules 1001-9037.

                                      -2-
 1   because of that error, the Hannas' septic tank and drain field was
 2   placed within the 40-foot easement in violation of Washington law.
 3        2.   The prepetition litigation between the parties
 4        Although it is not entirely clear how all of the litigation
 5   proceeded between the parties, it appears that it started in 2012,
 6   when the Hannas filed a quiet title action against the Margitans
 7   in state court to resolve easement issues for the three parcels.
 8   The Margitans filed a counterclaim for intentional interference
 9   with their easement and requested that the Hannas remove their
10   sewage system from it.
11        The Margitans also filed a separate administrative action
12   with SRHD over the drain field.    The Margitans' primary argument
13   was that, because of the close proximity of the Hannas' drain
14   field to the Margitans' waterline, the Margitans were unable to
15   obtain a Certificate of Occupancy ("CO") for the rental home on
16   Parcel 3 and could not rent the home as a result.   The Margitans
17   never presented any evidence establishing that fact.
18        SRHD ruled against the Margitans, finding that:   (1) the
19   existence of the Hannas' drain field in the easement created no
20   imminent public health risk; (2) they had failed to establish that
21   the Hannas' drain field was illegally within 10 feet of their
22   potable waterline; (3) even if the waterline was within 10 feet,
23   the public health risk was minimal; and (4) it was proper for SRHD
24   and the Hannas to agree that relocation of the offending drain
25   field could be delayed for a reasonable period of time.    The state
26   court dismissed the Margitans' appeal of SRHD's ruling for lack of
27   standing, and the state appellate court affirmed.
28        However, the Margitans were more successful in their

                                       -3-
 1   litigation against the Hannas.       On August 10, 2016, the jury
 2   returned a verdict in favor of the Margitans for $422,934.00 for
 3   damages resulting from the Hannas' intentional interference with
 4   the Margitans' easement, including lost rents and emotional
 5   distress.     The state court entered a judgment on the verdict and
 6   ordered the Hannas to remove the existing drain field encroaching
 7   on the easement.
 8           The state court later reduced the jury verdict and entered an
 9   amended judgment in favor of the Margitans and against the Hannas
10   for $297,834.00, plus 5% interest ("Judgment").      The Hannas were
11   still required to remove the encroaching drain field.      The Hannas
12   appealed the Judgment; the Margitans cross-appealed.
13   B.      Postpetition events
14           1.   The bankruptcy filing
15           The Hannas filed a chapter 11 bankruptcy case on November 2,
16   2016.    Two weeks after filing their bankruptcy case, the Hannas
17   moved for stay relief to proceed with their appeal of the
18   Judgment.     The Hannas maintained that they had obtained design
19   plans for the new drain field in accordance with the Judgment.
20   They also requested a comfort order stating that the automatic
21   stay did not prohibit SRHD from enforcing its regulatory powers to
22   continue the drain field project, which would include collecting
23   fees.    The bankruptcy court granted the Hannas relief from stay to
24   proceed with the appeal and provided the comfort order for SRHD to
25   continue its involvement with the new drain field.
26           2.   The Margitans' motion for relief from stay
27           A few weeks later, the Margitans moved for relief from stay
28   to allow the state court to enforce its order requiring the Hannas

                                          -4-
 1   to remove their encroaching drain field from the Margitans'
 2   easement.   The Margitans maintained that the Hannas were
 3   intentionally delaying the removal of their drain field and that
 4   the encroaching drain field prevented them from obtaining a CO for
 5   the rental home on Parcel 3.
 6        The Hannas asserted that they were complying with the
 7   Judgment by installing a new tank and drain field rather than
 8   removing the existing system.   The Hannas further asserted that
 9   the Margitans' refusal to turn on the water for Parcel 3 is what
10   prevented them from getting the CO, not the Hannas' encroaching
11   drain field.
12        The bankruptcy court held an evidentiary hearing on the
13   Margitans' stay relief motion, where the primary dispute was
14   whether the Hannas were complying with the Judgment by only
15   installing a new tank and drain field and not removing the old,
16   encroaching system.   On an interim basis, the court ordered the
17   Hannas to continue with installing the new drain field.
18        Ultimately, after another hearing where the bankruptcy court
19   considered testimony and additional evidence from the parties, the
20   court denied the motion, finding that:   (1) the old, encroaching
21   drain field had been decommissioned; (2) the new drain field had
22   been installed and did not encroach on the easement; (3) the
23   Margitans had not established that they could not get the CO under
24   those circumstances; and (4) the regulatory agencies had stated
25   that there may not be a problem with the water supply for Parcel
26   3, and that there was no requirement to remove the old drain field
27   based on public health principles.
28        The bankruptcy court entered an order denying the Margitans'

                                     -5-
 1   stay relief motion on June 7, 2017.    The Margitans did not appeal
 2   that order.
 3        3.    The Hannas' chapter 11 plan and disclosure statement and
                the Margitans' motion to dismiss
 4
 5        Meanwhile, the Hannas filed their chapter 11 plan and
 6   disclosure statement (the "Plan").     The Hannas proposed to pay the
 7   Margitans' claim, to the extent it was allowed, in full within 60
 8   months of the entry of a non-appealable judgment.    Between the
 9   effective date and the date a non-appealable judgment was entered,
10   the Hannas would make payments to a secured account which would be
11   payable to the Margitans within 30 days of entry of the judgment.
12   If the account funds were insufficient to satisfy the judgment,
13   the Hannas would list their residence for sale within 45 days and
14   sell other property if needed.   The Hannas would pay a 6% interest
15   rate on the Margitans' allowed claim, which was greater than the
16   5% rate on the Judgment.   The Hannas maintained that creditors
17   would receive more on their claims with the Plan than they would
18   in a chapter 7 liquidation.
19        In response, the Margitans moved to dismiss or convert the
20   Hannas' bankruptcy case ("Motion to Dismiss").    In short, the
21   Margitans argued that the case should be dismissed as a bad faith
22   filing:   the Hannas were solvent at the time of the filing; they
23   had few unsecured creditors; and Mr. Hanna admitted at the
24   § 341(a) meeting of creditors that the Judgment and the Hannas'
25   inability to obtain a supersedeas bond was what led them to file
26   for bankruptcy.   The Margitans argued that the Hannas had the
27   ability to obtain the bond based on their net worth of
28   $379,611.77.   Lastly, the Margitans argued that the Hannas were

                                      -6-
 1   using the chapter 11 case as a free stay and as a litigation
 2   tactic to delay paying the Judgment, as evidenced by Mr. Hanna's
 3   admission that, had they not filed for bankruptcy, the Margitans
 4   would have seized their assets to satisfy the Judgment.
 5        In opposition to the Motion to Dismiss, the Hannas explained
 6   that the Margitans had refused their offer of real property as a
 7   substitute for a supersedeas bond.    Mr. Hanna admitted that he did
 8   not attempt to purchase a bond before filing the chapter 11 case,
 9   because, based on his research, they did not have the required
10   $300,000 in cash available to pay for one.    Mr. Hanna stated that
11   the Hannas filed the bankruptcy case because the Margitans would
12   have begun executing on their assets, draining their bank accounts
13   and leaving them unable to pay for the new drain field.    If the
14   Judgment had not been stayed, all creditors could have been put at
15   risk for payment of their claims.     In short, the bankruptcy filing
16   enabled them to repay their debts in an orderly manner.
17        The Hannas further argued that their bankruptcy filing was
18   not made to unreasonably delay resolution of the Margitans' claim,
19   as evidenced by their early motion for relief from stay to proceed
20   with the appeal of the Judgment.    Moreover, the Hannas believed
21   that the Judgment would be reversed because the Margitans provided
22   no evidence that the separation between the Hannas' old drain
23   field and the Margitans' waterline was less than the required 10
24   feet, they never proved they actually had bad water, and they
25   never proved that there was any interference with the use of their
26   easement.
27        In objecting to the Plan, the Margitans argued that it was
28   not proposed in good faith.   First, the Hannas did not need debt

                                     -7-
 1   reorganization and the Plan made no attempt to do that.   Second,
 2   the Hannas were not adjusting their high standard of living, while
 3   the Plan adversely affected only one creditor — the Margitans.
 4   Lastly, the Margitans argued that the Hannas' lack of good faith
 5   was shown by their admission that if they prevailed in the appeal
 6   they would dismiss their chapter 11 case and use the funds in the
 7   Margitan account to pay all remaining creditors.
 8         The Margitans also argued that the Plan was unconfirmable
 9   because it violated the absolute priority rule; if the Hannas had
10   to sell their residence to pay creditors in full, they were paying
11   themselves $125,000 of homestead exemption proceeds before paying
12   the Margitans.   Furthermore, the Plan was not fair and equitable
13   because the Margitans would not be paid until they won all of the
14   appeals of the Judgment, and they had to wait at least 60 months
15   from the effective date plus 45 days before the Hannas were even
16   required to list their residential and non-residential real
17   property for sale to fund payment of the allowed claim in the
18   event funds in the secured account were insufficient to fully pay
19   it.   Finally, the Margitans argued that it was unfair that the
20   Hannas were using the chapter 11 case in lieu of bond while they
21   pursued appeals of the Judgment.
22         In response, the Hannas maintained that the Plan did not
23   violate the absolute priority rule because it did not provide that
24   they would pay themselves their $125,000 homestead exemption
25   before paying all allowed claims in full.   Further, the Hannas
26   asserted that the Plan was fair and equitable; the Margitans would
27   fare no better in a chapter 7 scenario:   the trustee could not pay
28   any dividends to them until the state court litigation was

                                     -8-
 1   concluded; the trustee could not distribute the Hannas' exempt
 2   property which was available under the Plan; and the interest rate
 3   would be approximately 1.25% instead of 6%.   In any event, the
 4   Hannas supplemented the Plan with the following:    (1) they would
 5   deposit 401k funds (about $72,000) into the DIP Agent General
 6   Account that they could not access without a court order to fund
 7   the Plan; and (2) they would pay to have electrical conduit
 8   installed in the easement for a security cable the Margitans
 9   wished to install, if the cost was increased solely because of the
10   proximity of their former drain field to the easement.
11        Not surprisingly, the Margitans voted to reject the Plan.
12   They were the only objecting creditors.
13        4.    The court's ruling on Plan confirmation and the Motion
                to Dismiss
14
15        Mr. Hanna was the only witness to testify at the combined
16   hearing on confirmation of the Plan and the Margitans' Motion to
17   Dismiss.   He testified extensively as to the feasibility of their
18   proposed Plan and how they intended to fund it.    Mr. Hanna also
19   testified that, if they were to lose the appeal of the Judgment in
20   the state intermediate appellate court, they did not intend to
21   appeal to the state supreme court.
22        After hearing Mr. Hanna's testimony and the parties' closing
23   arguments, the bankruptcy court announced its oral ruling
24   confirming the Hannas' chapter 11 Plan, finding that it was
25   proposed in good faith and complied with § 1129(a) and (b).    The
26   court denied the Motion to Dismiss, finding that the Hannas had
27   filed their chapter 11 case in good faith and that it was not
28   filed to unreasonably deter and harass creditors.

                                     -9-
 1          Mr. Margitan timely appealed the bankruptcy court's order.
 2                              II. JURISDICTION
 3          The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1334
 4   and 157(b)(2)(L).    We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158.
 5                                 III. ISSUES
 6   1.     Did the bankruptcy court abuse its discretion in denying the
 7   Motion to Dismiss?
 8   2.     Did the bankruptcy court abuse its discretion in confirming
 9   the Plan?
10                          IV. STANDARDS OF REVIEW
11          We review the bankruptcy court's ruling on a motion to
12   dismiss for bad faith under an abuse of discretion standard.
13   Marshall v. Marshall (In re Marshall), 721 F.3d 1032, 1045 (9th
14   Cir. 2013); Stolrow v. Stolrow's, Inc. (In re Stolrow's, Inc.),
15   84 B.R. 167, 170 (9th Cir. BAP 1988).       We also review the
16   bankruptcy court's decision to confirm a debtor's chapter 11 plan
17   for an abuse of discretion.    In re Marshall, 721 F.3d at 1045
18   (citing Computer Task Grp., Inc. v. Brotby (In re Brotby),
19   303 B.R. 177, 184 (9th Cir. BAP 2003)).       In both cases, the
20   question of "good faith" is factual, and we review a good faith
21   finding for clear error.   Id.; In re Stolrow's, Inc., 84 B.R. at
22   170.   The issue of "fair and equitable" treatment under a plan of
23   reorganization is a question of fact we review for clear error.
24   Pac. First Bank v. Boulders on the River, Inc. (In re Boulders on
25   the River, Inc.), 164 B.R. 99, 103 (9th Cir. BAP 1994).
26          The bankruptcy court abuses its discretion if it applies the
27   wrong legal standard, misapplies the correct legal standard, or if
28   its factual findings are clearly erroneous.       TrafficSchool.com,

                                      -10-
 1   Inc. v. Edriver Inc., 653 F.3d 820, 832 (9th Cir. 2011).
 2           We may affirm on any basis supported by the record.    Heers v.
 3   Parsons (In re Heers), 529 B.R. 734, 740 (9th Cir. BAP 2015).
 4                                  V. DISCUSSION
 5           Mr. Margitan essentially disputes only the bankruptcy court's
 6   findings of fact, in particular, the court's findings as to the
 7   Hannas' "good faith."      The court applied the same "good faith"
 8   standard to the questions of whether the Hannas' chapter 11
 9   petition was filed in good faith and whether their Plan was
10   proposed in good faith.      However, the good faith standards
11   required to file a chapter 11 petition are different from those
12   for proposing a plan of reorganization.        In re Boulders on the
13   River, Inc., 164 B.R. at 103 (citing In re Stolrow's, Inc.,
14 84 B.R. at 171); accord In re Madison Hotel Assocs., 749 F.2d 410,
15   424-26 (7th Cir. 1984).      In any case, we conclude that such error
16   was harmless; the court made sufficient findings to satisfy both
17   good faith tests, and the record provides further support for
18   them.
19   A.      The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in denying
             the Motion to Dismiss.
20
21           A chapter 11 petition may be dismissed for cause under
22   § 1112(b)4 if it appears that the petition was not filed in good
23
             4
24               Section 1112(b) provides, in relevant part:
25           Except as provided in paragraph (2) and subsection (c), on
             request of a party in interest, and after notice and a
26           hearing, the court shall convert a case under this chapter
             to a case under chapter 7 or dismiss a case under this
27           chapter, whichever is in the best interests of creditors
             and the estate, for cause unless the court determines that
28                                                            (continued...)

                                        -11-
 1   faith.   Marsch v. Marsch (In re Marsch), 36 F.3d 825, 828 (9th
 2   Cir. 1994) (per curiam).   A chapter 11 petition is not filed in
 3   good faith if it represents an attempt "to unreasonably deter and
 4   harass creditors" and to "achieve objectives outside the
 5   legitimate scope of the bankruptcy laws."   In re Marshall,
 6 721 F.3d at 1047; In re Marsch, 36 F.3d at 828.   "Good faith is
 7   lacking only when the debtor's actions are a clear abuse of the
 8   bankruptcy process."    Idaho Dep't of Lands v. Arnold (In re
 9   Arnold), 806 F.2d 937, 939 (9th Cir. 1986); Sullivan v. Harnisch
10   (In re Sullivan), 522 B.R. 604, 617 (9th Cir. BAP 2014).   Good
11   faith depends on an "amalgam of factors," not a specific fact or
12   facts.   In re Marshall, 721 F.3d at 1048; In re Marsch, 36 F.3d at
13   828; In re Arnold, 806 F.2d at 939.
14        Mr. Margitan argues that filing a chapter 11 petition as a
15   substitute for a supersedeas bond is in itself a basis for a
16   finding of bad faith.    The Hannas' ability (or inability) to
17   obtain a supersedeas bond was a hotly contested issue.   The
18   bankruptcy court found that the Hannas' failure to obtain the bond
19   was only one factor of the "amalgam of factors" the court can
20   consider in determining whether a case has been filed in good
21   faith.   We agree.   While Mr. Margitan cites several bankruptcy
22   court cases within this circuit supporting his argument, neither
23   the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals nor this Panel has held that
24
25
          4
           (...continued)
26        the appointment under section 1104(a) of a trustee or an
          examiner is in the best interests of creditors and the
27        estate.
28   11 U.S.C. § 1112(b)(1).

                                      -12-
 1   filing a bankruptcy petition in lieu of posting an appeal bond is
 2   ipso facto bad faith for purposes of dismissal under § 1112(b).
 3        Mr. Margitan relies on Marsch.      But, in Marsch, the Ninth
 4   Circuit did not specifically address the propriety of a bankruptcy
 5   petition being filed as a substitute for a supersedeas bond,
 6   noting that, given the bankruptcy court's supported finding of bad
 7   faith, it did not need to decide the issue of "whether bankruptcy
 8   laws can be used to skirt state court procedural rules in this
 9   manner." 36 F.3d at 829.   Rather, the Marsch court simply upheld
10   the court's bad faith finding as cause for dismissal, where the
11   debtor clearly had the financial means to pay the creditor's
12   judgment and the chapter 11 petition was filed solely to delay
13   collection of the judgment and to avoid posting an appeal bond.
14   Id. at 828-29.
15        Here, the bankruptcy court found that even if the Hannas had
16   obtained a supersedeas bond, the Margitans would not have been
17   able to collect on the Judgment until the appeal was finally
18   resolved.   Thus, the Hannas' bankruptcy filing was not an attempt
19   to unreasonably deter and harass creditors; instead, they were
20   attempting to effect a speedy, efficient reorganization on a
21   feasible basis.   Even if the Hannas could have afforded a
22   supersedeas bond, which is not entirely clear on this record and
23   was the Margitans' burden to prove, the inclusion of the Judgment
24   in their Plan suggests that they filed their bankruptcy petition
25   for the proper purpose of reorganization, not as a mere ploy to
26   avoid posting a bond.    See In re Marshall, 721 F.3d at 1048
27   (inclusion of creditor's judgment in debtors' plan suggested a
28   good faith filing and not a ploy to avoid posting an appeal bond,

                                       -13-
 1   which they may or may not have been able to afford).
 2        Next, Mr. Margitan argues that the Hannas' bankruptcy case
 3   was filed for the improper purpose of obtaining a stay of the
 4   state court litigation.   The automatic stay under § 362 "is
 5   intended to provide debtors in bankruptcy with a breathing spell
 6   from their creditors' collection actions.    And it is not unusual
 7   to encounter a chapter 11 case 'because of the crushing weight of
 8   a judgment.'"   In re Sullivan, 522 B.R. at 614-15 (quoting In re
 9   Marshall, 298 B.R. 670, 683 (Bankr. C.D. Cal. 2003)).     Again, the
10   bankruptcy court found that the Hannas' petition was not filed to
11   unreasonably deter and harass creditors; it was filed so that
12   their creditors could be paid in an orderly fashion and without
13   sacrificing equity.   The goal of orderly payment of creditors is
14   one of the legitimate reasons to file bankruptcy.    Id. at 616.
15        The Margitans were very aggressive in their Judgment
16   collection efforts and had a substantial advantage over other
17   creditors with their judgment lien, which was obtained within the
18   preference period and which the Hannas were seeking to avoid.      The
19   Hannas' petition not only appropriately provided them a breathing
20   spell, it laid the ground work for another key goal underlying the
21   bankruptcy process — leveling the playing field for other
22   creditors.   Id. at 615-16.   Mr. Hanna testified that the Hannas
23   were concerned about the Margitans executing on their liquid
24   assets, leaving them unable to pay for their new drain field.
25   Preventing the Margitans from seizing all liquid assets ahead of
26   other creditors and bringing preferential transfers back into the
27   estate for the benefit of all creditors are consistent with the
28   primary goals of the bankruptcy process.    Id. at 617.

                                      -14-
 1        Mr. Margitans' argument is further undermined by the fact
 2   that, just two weeks after they filed their chapter 11 case, the
 3   Hannas sought relief from stay to proceed with the appeal of the
 4   Judgment.    Clearly, they were not intending to stall or delay that
 5   process by filing their bankruptcy petition.       In addition, we do
 6   not overlook the fact that the United States Trustee did not
 7   support dismissal of the Hannas' case.
 8        Finally, "'perhaps the most compelling grounds for denying a
 9   motion to dismiss grounded on bad faith is the determination that
10   a reorganization plan qualifies for confirmation.'"      In re
11   Marshall, 721 F.3d at 1049 (citation omitted).      The bankruptcy
12   court properly considered the viability of the Hannas' Plan as
13   weighing heavily against dismissal.      See id.
14            Accordingly, the bankruptcy court did not clearly err in
15   finding that the Hannas filed their chapter 11 petition in good
16   faith, and it did not abuse its discretion in denying the Motion
17   to Dismiss.5
18   B.   The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in
          confirming the Plan.
19
20        The bankruptcy court found that the Plan complied with the
21   § 1129(a) factors, including the § 1129(a)(3) "good faith" test.
22   The good faith that is necessary to confirm a plan of
23
          5
             Mr. Margitan argues that allowing the Hannas to file their
24   chapter 11 petition as a substitute for a supersedeas bond is a
     violation of the Full Faith and Credit doctrine. The Full Faith
25   and Credit doctrine, 28 U.S.C. § 1738, has no relevance to the
     question of whether filing a chapter 11 petition in lieu of an
26   appeal bond can constitute a bad faith filing providing cause for
     dismissal under § 1112(b). Clearly, the Margitans are unhappy
27   about the Hannas' bankruptcy filing, but that has nothing to do
     with whether the bankruptcy court gave preclusive effect to the
28   Judgment. Thus, this argument lacks merit.

                                       -15-
 1   reorganization requires the plan to achieve a result consistent
 2   with the objectives and purposes of the Code.    In re Marshall,
 3 721 F.3d at 1046; In re Boulders on the River, Inc., 164 B.R. at
 4   103.   Mr. Margitan's arguments here are a bit muddled, but he
 5   appears to argue that the Plan (1) served no reorganizational
 6   purpose, only to delay payment of the Judgment, so it was filed in
 7   bad faith; (2) violated the absolute priority rule and was
 8   therefore not fair and equitable; (3) failed to meet the best
 9   interest of creditors test; and (4) was not feasible.
10          As to his first argument, the bankruptcy court found that the
11   Plan enabled the Hannas to repay all of their creditors in an
12   orderly manner.   The court found that the Plan was not filed
13   merely to avoid the need for a supersedeas bond; it was filed so
14   creditors could be paid in full, in an orderly fashion, and
15   without sacrificing equity.    Based on the record and the authority
16   discussed above, we see no clear error in the court's finding that
17   the Plan was proposed in good faith.    Simply because the Margitans
18   may not be paid as quickly as they would like does not mean that
19   the Hannas' Plan was not proposed in good faith.
20          As for Mr. Margitan's second argument, an individual
21   chapter 11 debtor may cram down a plan if it complies with the
22   absolute priority rule in § 1129(b)(2)(B)(ii).    Zachary v. Cal.
23   Bank & Tr., 811 F.3d 1191, 1194 (9th Cir. 2016).    Thus, the
24   bankruptcy court may find that a debtor's plan is "fair and
25   equitable" to an objecting creditor only if the plan complies with
26   the absolute priority rule.    The Margitans had argued in their
27   objection to confirmation that the Plan violated the absolute
28   priority rule because it allowed the Hannas to receive homestead

                                      -16-
 1   exemption proceeds before paying creditors in full.     To the
 2   contrary, the Plan did not so provide and the bankruptcy court
 3   found as much.6     The court further found that the Plan did not
 4   discriminate unfairly and was fair and equitable with respect to
 5   each class of claims or interests that were impaired under the
 6   Plan.
 7           Mr. Margitan also argues that the Plan violated the absolute
 8   priority rule because a "junior class" received a distribution of
 9   $47,351.93 on the effective date, while the Margitans received
10   nothing.     Not only did the Margitans not raise this issue before
11   the bankruptcy court in objecting to the Plan, Mr. Margitan fails
12   to identify the junior creditor who allegedly received these
13   funds.      Perhaps he is referring to the Hannas' state court
14   attorney.     However, the attorney was paid directly by the Hannas'
15   homeowners insurance company, not with estate funds.     Therefore,
16   we find no clear error with the bankruptcy court's finding that
17   the Plan was fair and equitable.
18           For his third argument, Mr. Margitan argues that he would
19   have received more in a chapter 7 liquidation; thus, the Plan did
20   not meet the "best interest of creditors" test under § 1129(a)(7).
21   Mr. Margitan fails to say what amount he would have received in a
22   chapter 7 case.     In any event, the bankruptcy court disagreed,
23   finding that in a chapter 7 scenario the trustee could not
24   distribute the Hannas' exempt property, which was available to pay
25   creditors in the Plan, and the Margitans were receiving 6%
26   interest under the Plan, which they would not have received in a
27
             6
             We express no opinion on whether retention of exempt
28   property or its proceeds could violate the absolute priority rule.

                                        -17-
 1   chapter 7 liquidation.   We see no clear error in the bankruptcy
 2   court's finding that the Plan complied with § 1129(a)(7).
 3        Finally, as to the Plan's feasibility, the Margitans did not
 4   raise this issue before the bankruptcy court.    The court found
 5   that the Plan was feasible, in that confirmation of the Plan was
 6   not likely to be followed by the liquidation or the need for
 7   further financial reorganization by the Hannas.
 8        To demonstrate that a plan is feasible, a debtor need only
 9   show a "reasonable probability" of success.    In re Brotby,
10 303 B.R. at 191 (citing Acequia, Inc. v. Clinton (In re Acequia,
11   Inc.), 787 F.2d 1352, 1364 (9th Cir. 1986)).    The record
12   establishes that the Plan met the necessary feasibility
13   requirement under § 1129(a)(11).   For example, the Hannas' net
14   worth from the filing date of November 2, 2016 through June 30,
15   2017, had increased by almost $35,000.   During that same time
16   period, receipts totaled $137,260.80 and disbursements totaled
17   $101,027.82, for a net cash flow of $36,232.98.    In the event of a
18   shortfall in cash to pay creditors in full plus interest, the
19   Hannas will liquidate property, including exempt property.     We
20   perceive no clear error in the bankruptcy court's finding as to
21   feasibility.
22        Accordingly, the bankruptcy court did not clearly err in
23   finding that the Hannas proposed their chapter 11 Plan in good
24   faith, and it did not abuse its discretion in confirming the
25   Plan.7
26
          7
27           Mr. Margitan argues that the bankruptcy court exceeded its
     jurisdiction when it allowed the Hannas to keep their drain field
28                                                        (continued...)

                                     -18-
 1                             VI. CONCLUSION
 2        For the above reasons, we AFFIRM.
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24        7
           (...continued)
     within the easement in violation of the Judgment, and that the
25   bankruptcy court improperly ruled on "non-core" matters. The
     bankruptcy court addressed these issues in the Margitans' stay
26   relief motion, not the Motion to Dismiss or Plan confirmation.
     The bankruptcy court entered a final order denying the stay relief
27   motion on June 7, 2017. The Margitans did not appeal the order.
     Therefore, we have no jurisdiction over these issues and are
28   unable to address them.

                                    -19-