Court Opinion

ID: 9909602
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-13 19:00:53.814927+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:50:05.860635
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                            FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         DEC 13 2023
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ADAM CAIN, individually and on behalf of         No.    23-55271
all others similarly situated,                          23-55286

                Plaintiff-Appellee,              D.C. No.
                                                 2:21-cv-07401-FLA-AGR
 v.

JPAY, LLC, FKA JPay, Inc.; et al.,               MEMORANDUM*

                Defendants-Appellants.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                Fernando L. Aenlle-Rocha, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted December 4, 2023
                              Pasadena, California

Before: BEA, M. SMITH, and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges.

      Appellants, entities constituting three separate financial institutions, appeal

the district court’s denial of their motion to compel arbitration. The district court

had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1367. We have jurisdiction under 9

U.S.C. § 16(a)(1). Because we assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts, we

recount them here only as necessary. We reverse and direct the district court to

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
order the arbitrators to decide the issue of the arbitration agreement’s

enforceability.

1.    The district court erred in holding that Appellee, Adam Cain, did not accept

Appellants’ offer. Appellants made an offer to Cain—the provision of debit card

services in exchange for Cain’s assent to the Cardholder Agreement—that he had

an opportunity to reject by removing all funds from the card or requesting a check.

See Reichert v. Rapid Invs., Inc., 56 F.4th 1220, 1229 (9th Cir. 2022) (referring to

similar debit card provision as an offer). That Cain did not personally negotiate the

Cardholder Agreement does not affect the enforceability of a contract under

California law. See Meyers v. Guarantee Sav. & Loan Assn., 144 Cal. Rptr. 616,

619–20 (Cal. App. 1978).

      A reasonable person would interpret Cain’s conduct as acceptance of

Appellants’ offer outlined in the Cardholder Agreement, and, as such, as an

agreement to arbitrate. See Marin Storage & Trucking, Inc. v. Benco Contracting

& Eng’g, Inc., 107 Cal. Rptr. 2d 645, 652 (Cal. App. 2001), as modified (June 8,

2001). The district court relied on our decisions in Brown v. Stored Value Cards,

Inc., 2022 WL 17844168, at *1 (9th Cir. Dec. 22, 2022) and Reichert v. Rapid

Investments, Inc., 56 F.4th 1220 (9th Cir. 2022) in holding otherwise, but both

cases are distinguishable. Besides being non-precedential, Brown is not applicable

because, unlike here, use of the debit card would not manifest assent per the card’s

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own terms. 2022 WL 17844168, at *2.

       Cain’s use of his card was also distinct from the plaintiff’s in Reichert

because the latter immediately withdrew “the bulk” of his funds from an ATM to

avoid fees, whereas Cain used the card for debit transactions repeatedly and in

situations where cash would not work. See Reichert, 56 F.4th at 1224. The

Reichert plaintiff had only one way to retrieve his money right away, an ATM

withdrawal. Id. at 1229. Cain had but did not exercise that option.

       Finally, although Cain also had to “use” the card in a certain amount of time

to avoid fees, the monthly service fee does not alter Cain’s assent to the arbitration

provision. The fee schedule states that there is a $3.00 monthly service fee

charged “30 days after activation and for each month the card carries a balance.”

Cain could have avoided the fee by “remov[ing] all funds from the card within 30

days of the activation date,” but instead he voluntarily chose to use the card to

make a series of debit transactions. Nor did Appellants charge the monthly service

fee until more than a month after Cain’s first use of the card. It is possible that

Appellants would charge the fee 30 days after activation only if the cardholder

used the Card. And, even if Appellants thought that Cain assented to the arbitration

by merely accepting the card, “[t]he existence of mutual assent is determined by

objective criteria, not by one party’s subjective intent.” Marin, 107 Cal. Rptr. 2d at

652.

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2.    The Cardholder Agreement contains sufficient consideration. Although

Appellants legally owed Cain the money loaded onto the debit card, Appellants

conferred additional benefits on Cain by promising to facilitate purchases at

retailers.1 See Bailey v. Breetwor, 23 Cal.Rptr. 740, 743 (Cal. App. 1962). Neither

Cain’s nor Appellants’ promises were given gratuitously. Appellants promised to

furnish debit card services in exchange for Cain’s agreement to repay the bank

from his account, pay fees, arbitrate, and otherwise abide by the Cardholder

Agreement. That Appellants’ promise induced Cain’s is evidenced by Cain’s use

of those services, as opposed to withdrawing cash or requesting a check. See Prop.

California SCJLW One Corp. v. Leamy, 25 Cal.App.5th 1155, 1165 (2018).

3.    The arbitrator has jurisdiction over any question about the validity of the

Cardholder Agreement. The Cardholder Agreement delegates questions of

“enforceability . . . of this Arbitration Provision or the Agreement” to the

arbitrator. Cain’s argument about legality is thus properly decided by the

arbitrator. Rent-A-Center, West, Inc. v. Jackson, 561 U.S. 63, 70–71 (2010);

Caremark, LLC v. Chickasaw Nation, 43 F.4th 1021, 1029–30 (9th Cir. 2022); see

Armendariz v. Found. Health Psychcare Servs. Inc., 24 Cal.4th 83, 124 (2000).

1
  Appellants ask us to take judicial notice of basic background information
regarding the use of debit cards, see Fed. R. Evid. 201(b) (Courts may take judicial
notice of facts “not subject to reasonable dispute.”). Because Cain does not oppose
this motion, we do so.

                                          4
Thus, we direct the district court to order the arbitrator to consider enforceability

questions prior to reaching the merits of Cain’s case. See e.g., Winery, Distillery &

Allied Workers Union, Loc. 186 v. E & J Gallo Winery, Inc., 857 F.2d 1353, 1358

(9th Cir. 1988).

REVERSED.

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