Court Opinion

ID: 8655282
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-24 21:15:19.720859+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:56:40.813976
License: Public Domain

PRICK, J.
The respondents brought this action against the appellant to recover damages for the death of one Prank Neesley, who was the husband of ÜVIary E. Neesley and the son of Peter and Regina Neesley, the respondents herein. The deceased at the time of his death was employed by appellant as locomotive engineer. After alleging the relationship of respondents to the deceased and the corporate capacity'and business of appellant, it is, in substance, alleged that the death of said Prank Neesley was caused through the negligence of appellant in failing to exercise ordinary care in the construction of its railroad track-; in failing to exercise such care in keeping and maintaining the track in a reasonably safe condition; in failing to exercise proper care in inspecting said track; and in failing to provide a sufficient number of suitable and competent servants to maintain the track in a reasonably safe condition. It is further alleged that, by reason of the negligence aforesaid, the track gave way or the rails spread which caused the engine and train upon which the deceased was an engineer, which was a fast passenger train, to be derailed, and that such derailment caused the death of said Prank Neesley, by reason of which respondents sustained damages. The accident occurred in Box Elder county, in this state. The appellant, after admitting its corporate capacity and business, in effect denied all acts of negligence, and pleaded contributory negligence on the part of the deceased, and further averred that the accident was the result of the acts or omissions of fellow servants of the deceased. Upon substantially the foregoing issues a trial was had to a jury, which resulted in a verdict and judgment for respondents, and hence this appeal.
A preliminary question arises upon an objection of respondents, grounded upon the following facts: That the appellant has failed to incorporate its notice of intention to move for a *262new trial into the bill of exceptions; that, unless this is done, there is nothing before this court to show that a motion for a new trial was made and ruled on by the trial court, and, unless this is made to appear in a case tried to a jury, this court cannot review the ruling of the trial court with respect to any matter which requires us to examine into the evidence to determine the correctness of the rulings complained of. This contention cannot be sustained. While we have held in a very recent case (Walker Brothers Bankers v. Skliris, 34 Utah 353, 98 Pac. 114) that, in order to bring the notice of intention to move for a new trial to the attention of this court, it must be made a part of the bill of exceptions either by reference or by incorporating it into the bill, for the. reason that, under the statute, the notice of intention to move for a new trihl is not a part of the judgment roll and cannot be made so by the clerk, yet we have also recently held (Law v. Smith, 34 Utah 394, 98 Pac. 300) that a motion for a new trial is not necessary unless it is intended to have this court review matters that occurred after the trial, or where the questions to be reviewed are not otherwise properly raised, as explained in the Law Case, supra. There are no assignments of error presented in' this case that are not reviewable by 1 this court.without a motion for a new trial, and hence, for the purposes of this case, it is of no consequence that the record does not properly disclose that a motion for a new trial was made and ruled on.
The appellant contends that the court erred in denying its petition to remove the cause from the state to the federal court. Respondent insists, however, that this alleged error cannot be reviewed by us for the reason that the petition for removal is not made a part of the record on appeal. In view of section 3197, Oornp'. Laws 1907, a petition for a removal is not a part of the judgment roll, and, in order to make it a part of the record on appeal, the petition and the proceedings 2 with respect thereto should be incorporated into the bill of exceptions. It is true, as counsel for appellant contend, that under the federal practice the petition for re« *263moval constitutes a part of tbe record without a bill of exceptions. (Moon on Removal of Causes, section 159.) Such, however, is not tbe practice im tbe state courts. Tbe state statutes must control witb respect to what constitutes the record on appeal in tbe state courts. It is tbe general practice in state courts that tbe petition for removal and tbe proceedings bad witb respect thereto are not a part of tbe record on appeal, and tbe rulings of tbe trial courts witb respect to such petition are mot reviewable by tbe appellate court unless tbe petition for removal is made a part of tbe record by a proper bill of exceptions. (Wabash, etc., Ry. Co. v. People, 106 Ill. 652; Home Ins. Co. v. Hack, 65 Ill. 111; Singleton v. Boyle, 4 Neb. 414; American Carbon Co. v. Jackson, 24 Ind. App. 390, 56 N. E. 862; Rough v. Booth [Cal.], 3 Pac. 91.) If we should assume, however, that tbe order of tbe court refusing to grant tbe removal of tbe cause is properly a part of the judgment roll, we would still be unable to review the action of tbe court in refusing to grant tbe petition. Tbe order upon its face shows that tbe removal was refused for tbe reason that tbe petition upon its face disclosed that tbe federal court bad no jurisdiction of tbe cause.. Tbe petition for removal must state tbe facts which deprive tbe state court of tbe right to proceed witb the case, and it must also appear there 3, 4 from that tbe federal court has jurisdiction, together witb tbe grounds for which tbe removal is asked. (Moon on Removal of Causes, section 159.) In tbe absence, therefore; of tbe petition for tbe removal of tbe cause, we cannot review tbe action of tbe trial court in refusing to order tbe cause transferred to tbe federal court. Tbe trial court may have denied tbe removal upon tbe sole ground that from the facts stated in tbe petition it affirmatively appeared' that tbe federal court bad no jurisdiction, and, if this be so, tbe state court was required to retain and proceed witb tbe case.
It is further contended by appellant that tbe court erred in refusing its request in which tbe jury were asked to be instructed that tbe deceased engineer and tbe section foreman, the sectionmen, and tbe telegraph operators were all fellow *264servants, and in instructing tbe jury that tbe servants referred to above were not fellow servants. Tbe section of our statutes (section 1343, Comp. Laws 1907) which defines under wbat circumstances employees of a common master are fellow servants, in substance, states that all wbo are engaged “in tbe same grade of service and are working together at tbe same time and place and to a common purpose, neither of such' persons being intrusted by such employer with any superintendence or control over bis fellow employees, are fellow servants with each other; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to make tbe employees of such employer fellow servants with' other employees engaged in any other department of service of such employer. Employees who do not come within the provisions of this section shall not be considered fellow servants.” In view of the foregoing language, it is not easy to' perceive how it can 5 reasonably be contended. that a section foreman and' those working under him while working on the track can be held to be fellow servants of an engineer who is engaged in the discharge of the ordinary duties of an engineer. Nor can a telegraph operator be classed as a fellow servant of an engineer so long as each is engaged in the regular course of his employment and while in the discharge of the regular duties assigned to him. The manifest purpose of the statute was to abrogate the common-law doctrine of fellow servants, as the same was applied 'by the courts, and in doing so- to- limit the doctrine to those servants only that have no superintendence or control over one another, and who are engaged in the same grade of service and come in contact with one- another in the discharge of their general duties, or who may, on occasion, come into contact with one another in the discharge of special duties assigned to them by the master. There is no claim made in this case that at the time of the accident any of the servants referred to were not engaged' in the discharge of their general duties, or that they were in the same grade of service, and were working together at the same time and place. In principle this case in not distinguishable from the cases of *265Jenkins v. Mammoth Min. Co., 24 Utah 513, 68 Pac. 845, and Pool v. S. P. Co., 20 Utah 210, 58 Pac. 326. Moreover, the section above referred to, which defines who are fellow servants, is, in substance, a copy of the laws of Texas upon this subject. The Supreme Court of Texas has had frequent occasion to construe it, and’ that court has uniformly held that an engineer under circumstances similar to those disclosed by the record before us is not a fellow servant of either of the other servants mentioned in the request of appellant and in the instruction of the court. Among other cases that might be cited from the Texas Supreme Court, we refer to the following: San Antonio & A. P. Ry. Co. v. Harding, 11 Tex. Civ. App. 497, 33 S. W. 373; Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Warner, 89 Tex. 475, 35 S. W. 364; Masterson v. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. Co. (Tex. Civ. App.) 42 S. W. 1001. If, however, it were held that the servants referred to in appellant’s request were fellow servants of the deceased engineer, yet the doctrine that the master is relieved from liability for the negligent acts or omissions of a fellow servant of the injured servant would, in view of the evidence, not apply in this case. The acts and omissions complained 6 of, as appears from the evidence, either related to matters that were nondelegable by the master or were such as would make the negligence concurring negligence of the master and a servant or servants other than the injured servant, and in such event the master may not escape liability.
It is also urged as error that the court did not limit the jury to the evidence in their determination! of appellant’s negligence. The court, in effect, instructed the jury that they must find from a preponderance of the evidence that the appellant was guilty of some act of commission or omission set forth in the complaint. These acts were specifically enumerated in one instruction, to which no exception was taken and of which no complaint is made. An exception,, however, was taken to another instruction wherein the court, in more general language, in effect told the jury that if they found from the evidence that the accident was caused by one or more of *266tbe acts of negligence set forth in the complaint, then, etc. It is now urged that this was, in effect, making the allegation, and not the proof, the test of recovery.- We cannot agree with counsel. The jury were, in effect, told that they must find negligence; but, if they found that any one or more of the acts of negligence alleged in the complaint had 7 been established by a preponderance of the'evidence, then they were authorized to find against appellant upon that question. We are clearly of the opinion that the court committed no error in this regard.
It is further contended that the court erred in excluding certain opinion or expert evidence offered by appellant. Appellant contended at the trial that the engineer was guilty of negligence which caused or directly contributed to the accident, in that he ran his train at the time of the accident at a rate of speed greater than that permitted by appellant’s rules of which he had due notice. The witness whose testimony was excluded arrived at the scene of the wreck a few hours .after the accident, and after some attempt had been made by others to clear the track. The witness, after explaining the condition and situation of the track, the engine, and coaches, and other things, was in effect, asked to state what in his opinion the'speed of the train was at the time of the accident; and, further, whether or not in his opinion, in view of all he saw and observed at and about the wreck, the speed of the train did or did not exceed a speed of fifty miles an hour, the limit of speed allowed by appellant. The court did not permit the witness to give his opinion with regard to the speed of the train. It is a matter of common knowledge that, owing to the operation of physical laws, a speed of fifty miles an hour will pro duce sufficient momentum to the cars in a train to cause great havoc and confusion in case the speed is suddenly arrested by some obstruction on or defect in the track which causes a derailment of the train. No doubt a witness, by merely viewing the condition! of a wrecked train, may 8 form some opinion as to whether the cars composing the train were moving of standing still, the direction of the *267movement and', possibly, that they were moving at some considerable rate of speed, but the question wbetber tbey were moving at a rate of fifty or more or less miles an hour to produce a particular result must in the very nature of things be a mere conjecture. In this regard it can make no difference that the witness whose opinion is asked is an experienced railroad operator and an expert in his calling. The difficulty with opinion evidence upon matters of the character now under consideration lies deeper than this. Where opinions of experts are admissible, they must be based upon something more tangible than mere conjecture, and, if it is apparent that the opinion offered in evidence is necessarily conjectural, it cannot be accepted as proof of any fact, regardless of the expert character of the witness. Therefore the court committed no error in excluding this testimony.
There are a number of additional assignments of error relating to the admission of evidence on behalf of respondents, which was admitted over the objections and exceptions of appellant. A specific reference to the evidence admitted is not deemed necessary. While some of the objections made by appellant’s counsel were technically meritorious on the ground that the evidence was hearsay, and therefore should have been excluded by the court, yet, in view of the evidence introduced by respondents after the ruling of the court directly covering the point sought to be 9 established by the evidence objected to, and, further, because there was no dispute with- respect to such fact, we are clearly of the opinion that the appellant was not prejudiced by the rulings of the court. Nor was the appellant prejudiced by the admission of any other evidence which was objected to and admitted over its objections.
The judgment is affirmed, with costs.
STRAUP, C. J., and McCARTY, J., concur.