Court Opinion

ID: 806585
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2012-08-14 15:40:02+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:00:20.799408
License: Public Domain

Case: 11-16164    Date Filed: 08/14/2012          Page: 1 of 4

                                                                    [DO NOT PUBLISH]

               IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                        FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                         ________________________

                                No. 11-16164
                            Non-Argument Calendar
                          ________________________

                    D.C. Docket No. 2:11-cr-14010-KMM-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                    llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff - Appellee,

                                        versus

JOSE PACHECO-TZUL,
a.k.a. Jose Teodoro Pacheco-Tzul,
a.k.a. Jose Pacheco,

                                                                   Defendant - Appellant.

                         ________________________

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Southern District of Florida
                        ________________________

                               (August 14, 2012)

Before BARKETT, PRYOR and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

      Jose Pacheco-Tzul, a native of Guatemala, pleaded guilty to reentering the
               Case: 11-16164    Date Filed: 08/14/2012    Page: 2 of 4

United States after having been deported, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a) and

(b)(2), and was sentenced to 57 months’ imprisonment. He appeals that sentence,

contending the district court incorrectly calculated his sentencing guidelines range

based on an erroneous conclusion that he had previously been convicted of a crime

of violence. Because we find that he has waived any challenge to the alternative

basis the district court gave for his sentence, however, any error in that calculation

is necessarily harmless, and we accordingly affirm.

      In 2007, Pacheco-Tzul was convicted in Florida state court of child abuse

under Florida Statute § 827.03. He was deported in May of 2010. But in January

2011, he was once again arrested in Florida and charged with illegally reentering

the United States following his 2010 deportation. Pacheco-Tzul pleaded guilty to

that charge.

      The Probation Office included within its recommended sentencing

guidelines calculation a 16-level enhancement for Pacheco-Tzul’s prior Florida

child abuse conviction as a “crime of violence” within the meaning of U.S.S.G.

§ 2L1.2(b)(1)(A). Pacheco-Tzul objected to the enhancement and the factual

assertions upon which it was based. But, at his sentencing hearing, the district

court overruled Pacheco-Tzul’s objection, finding that there was an adequate

factual basis in the records of Pacheco-Tzul’s state proceedings to conclude that

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his child abuse conviction was indeed a crime of violence. The district court went

on to state that, “in the alternative,” even if the conviction “did not constitute a

crime of violence, then for the record I would say that this Court would vary

upward” to the same 57-month sentence the court actually imposed. And the court

discussed the sentencing factors under 18 U.S.C. § 3553 that supported such a

variance.

      We have held that, when a district court indicates that it would impose the

same sentence even if it is ultimately proved wrong on a disputed guidelines issue,

we need not decide the guidelines issue if the sentence is otherwise reasonable.

United States v. Keene, 470 F.3d 1347, 1349 (11th Cir. 2006) (“[I]t is [neither]

necessary to decide guidelines issues or remand cases for new sentence

proceedings [based on a] guidelines error” if the district court reasonably ruled

that “it would have imposed the same sentence, using its § 3553(a) authority, even

without the [guidelines] enhancement.” (internal quotation marks omitted)). That

is so because, if the district court reasonably decides that a sentence is appropriate

based upon the § 3553 factors regardless of the guideline range, any error in

calculating the guidelines range would be harmless. United States v. Lozano, 490

F.3d 1317, 1324-25 (11th Cir. 2007).

      On appeal, Pacheco-Tzul contends that Florida Statute § 827.03 proscribes

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both conduct that would qualify as a crime of violence and conduct that would not,

and that the records the district court was entitled to rely upon do not definitively

establish that his child abuse conviction was in the former category. His brief on

appeal is devoted exclusively to arguing that, as a result, the district court’s

guidelines calculation was erroneous. At no point does he address the district

court’s alternative ruling that a 57-month sentence was reasonable in light of the

sentencing factors even if its guidelines calculation was incorrect.

      Because he has not challenged the reasonableness of his sentence even

assuming that the calculation was wrong, Pacheco-Tzul has abandoned any

argument he may have had that the alleged guidelines error was not harmless.

United States v. Jernigan, 341 F.3d 1273, 1283 n.8 (11th Cir. 2003) (reiterating

that an argument not discussed in an initial brief is abandoned). As a result, we

need not reach whether adequate evidence supported application of the 16-level

crime-of-violence enhancement for Pacheco-Tzul’s child abuse conviction. See

Lozano, 490 F.3d at 1324 (“Our review is ‘deferential’ to the district court, and it

is the defendants’ burden to establish that their sentences are unreasonable in

light of the record and the section 3553(a) factors.” (emphasis added)).

      AFFIRMED.

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