Court Opinion

ID: 8009644
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-09 01:56:44.914648+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:36:01.439217
License: Public Domain

Si-ierwood, J.
Plaintiff, as the widow of Charles S. Rannells, brought her action for dower in the northeast quarter of section 22, township 50, range 21, in Saline county.
Formal proof being made of plaintiff’s marriage and widowhood, the following agreed statement of facts, as well as evidence additional thereto, was introduced by plaintiff :
It was then admitted and agreed upon by both parties that, on the eleventh day of June, 1859, Vincent Marmaduke was the owner of the land described in the petition, and that on said day the said Marmaduke sold and conveyed the same, together with other lands, by warranty'deed, to one E. Smith Clarkson; that the consideration for such purchase was fifteen thousand, nine hundred and sixty dollars, for which such purchase money Clarkson executed to said Marmaduke his several promissory notes; one for thirty-nine hundred and sixty dollars, and one for three thousand dollars, upon both of which Charles S. Rannells was surety, and three other notes for three thousand dollars each, without personal security.. That, for the purpose of securing the payment of all said notes, said Clarkson and his wife executed and delivered to said Vincent Marmaduke a mortgage on the lands described in the petition with other lands. That, in the year 1865, the executors of' Meredith M. Marmaduke, deceased, were the owners of *24all said notes and mortgage. That in 1865 the said executors recovered a judgment in the St. Louis circuit court against Charles S. Rannells on the two notes on which he was surety, which judgment amounted to about nine thousand dollars. That in 1865 said executors instituted suit in the Saline circuit court against said Clarkson and wife, to foreclose said mortgage as to the three three-thousand dollar notes, which were without personal security, and in October, 1866, judgment was rendered foreclosing said mortgage as to said three notes, said judgment being for the sum of fourteen thousand, one hundred dollars.
That in March, 1866, said Charles S. Rannells was duly adjudged by the county court of St. Louis county, Missouri, to be incompetent and incapable of managing his own affairs, and one Robert M. Renick was duly appointed by said court as guardian of the person and estate of said Charles S. Raniíells; and said Renick duly qualified as such guardian and entered upon the discharge of his duties as such; and that said Rannells remained incapable of managing his affairs, and said Renick continued to act as such guardian from that time until the death of said Rannells, which occurred in 1877 or 1878. That, on the eighteenth day of February, 1867, the said Renick, as such guardian, purchased of said executors of said Meredith M. Marmaduke, deceased, the said judgment of foreclosure of the Clarkson mortgage aforesaid, and paid therefor in notes belonging to said estate of said Charles S. Rannells, which said notes were the proceeds of sales of land in St. Louis county, which belonged to said estate of Charles S. Rannells, the sum of fourteen thousand, four hundred and sixty-three and sixteen hundredths-dollars; and said judgment was there and then assigned and transferred by said executors to said Renick, as such guardian, by an instrument of writing, in which said Renick is described as guardian of the person and *25estate of Charles S. Rannells. And afterwards, in July, 1867, the said Renick, in his first annual settlement as such guardian, reported said purchase of said judgment, and the amount paid therefor, to the said county court of St. Louis county, and claimed as a credit against said estate of said Rannells the said fourteen thousand, four hundred and sixty-three and sixteen hundredths-dollars, which he had paid, as aforesaid, for said judgment of foreclosure, and said credit was allowed said Renick, and said settlement accepted and approved. That at the May term, 1867, of the circuit court of Saline county the lands described in the petition, together with the other land, in said mortgage, were sold under said judgment of foreclosure, and said Robert M. Renick, as guardian aforesaid, became the purchaser thereof; said guardian did not pay any cash for said land at said sale, but bid the same in for the amount of the judgment of foreclosure aforesaid, which he then held as the guardian of Charles S. Rannells, and the sheriff of Saline county, the officer selling said lands, under said judgment, executed to said Robert M. Renick, as guardian of Chas. S. Rannells, a deed to the lands described in the petition, and the other lands described in said mortgage.
The plaintiff introduced other evidence as follows: A petition to the county court of St. Louis county by Robert M. Renick, guardian of Charles S. Rannells, filed July 27, 1869, praying for an order to sell real estate of said estate. The condition of the estate is set forth, and, among other things, the petition states: “Your petitioner further states that there belongs to the estate of said Rannells the following tracts of land, situated in Saline county, Missouri, and near the town of Marshall, the county seat of said county, viz.: The whole of section 22, township number 50, range 21, and the east half of the southeast quarter, of section 21, same township and range, and containing altogether seven hundred and *26twenty acres of land, for which the petitioner has been offered twenty-five dollars per acre. For the purpose above mentioned, of paying outstanding indebtedness of said Rannells, and of providing for the maintenance of said Charles S. Rannells and his family, there being insufficient personal assets in hands of - your petitioner for these purposes, your petitioner therefore prays that he be permitted to sell the above described real estate in the manner prescribed by law,” etc.
Plaintiff also introduced the records of the county court of St. Louis county, which show that, upon the filing of the above petition by said guardian, the said court found that the personal estate of said Rannells was insufficient for the discharge of his debts and maintenance of himself and family, and orders that the real estate described in said petition be sold at public auction, on Tuesday, the twelfth day of October, 1869, at the court house door, in said town of Marshall upon the terms of one-third cash, and the balance in one and two years, with interest on deferred payments, etc.; said deferred payments to be secured by deed of trust on the premises sold; notice of sale to be given, etc.
Also the report of sale by Robert M. Renick, guardian of Charles S. Rannells, to the county court of St. Louis county, dated October 28, 1869, which states that said Renick, as such guardian, in obedience to the said order of sale, did, on October 12, 1869, after giving-notice, etc., sell the real estate mentioned in his petition for sale and the said order of sale, and that Daniel P. Harrison and 0. Gr. Page were the highest bidders for the northeast quarter of section twenty-two (22), township fifty (50), range twenty-one (21), Saline county, Missouri, and that they and other purchasers of real estate sold at said sale had paid some of the purchase money in cash, and were ready to pay the balance of the first payment, and execute their notes for the balance of the purchase money, as required by the order of sale, whenever the *27said county court shall approve of said sale, and order the guardian to convey the property so sold to the purchasers thereof, upon their compliance with the terms of said sale.
It was agreed by plaintiff and defendant that the above report was accepted and approved by said county court, and deeds ordered executed to the purchasers therein named for the land purchased by them respectively; and that afterwards at the March term, 1870, of said county court, said guardián in his annual settlement, filed in said county court at said time, charged himself with $4480.02, which he received for the land described in said petition from said Harrison and Page, at the aforesaid sale thereof.
Plaintiff also introduced in evidence a deed from Robert M. Renick, guardian of the person and estate of Charles S. Rannells, to D. P. Harrison and C. Gr. Page, dated November 1, 1869, and conveying the land described in plaintiff’s petition. This deed was also signed and acknowledged by Charles S. Rannells and the plaintiff at the same time the guardian signed and acknowledged the same.
Also a deed from D. P. Harrison to C. Gr. Page and a deed from C. Gr. Page to Daniel Isgrigg, the defendant, each conveying the land described in plaintiff’s petition, the first of which deeds is dated February 24, 1870, and the other March 4, 1871.
It was then admitted by the defendant that he went into possession of the land described in the petition, under the above deed from said Page to him, on the date thereof, and that he has ever since been and yet is in possession of said land, claiming title thereto under and by virtue of said deed, and that no dower in said land had ever been set off to plaintiff.
Plaintiff also introduced a demand on defendant for dower in said land, and'the return of the sheriff showing service of said demand on defendant on the twentieth day of February, 1880.
*28This was all the evidence.
Upon the foregoing agreed statement, etc., the trial court gave judgment for the defendant.
I. The objection is made that this court cannot review the action of the court below, because this is an action at law, and no declarations of law were asked. This view is erroneous. The case was tried in the main upon an agreed statement of facts. What other evidence was offered, except mere formal proofs, was record evidence, and did not controvert the case made , by the agreed statement. It has long been the rule in this state, that an agreed case occupies the same footing as a special verdict (Munford v. Wilson, 15 Mo. 540 ; Gage v. Gates, 62 Mo. 412); and in either case, it becomes the duty of the tidal court to pronounce the conclusions of law upon the facts found or proven, and, .unless this be correctly done, the judgment will be reversed.
II. Under our statute, the guardian, Renick, was seized of the land in controversy, to the use of Rannells, and, nothing more appearing, this gave his widow the right to be endowed of that land. R. S. 1879, sec. 2186. The judgment of foreclosure, by virtue of which the land was purchased by the guardian, as such, was made by the notes, wthich were the proceeds of the sales of certain lands in St. Louis county, which belonged to the estate of Bannells; this was in 1867. There is nothing to show that the “ sales,” which produced those notes, were sales for the payment of debts of the estate of Rannells; on the contrary, such sale does not appear to have occurred till two years after-wards, i. e., in 1869, when the land now in dispute, having been acquired by Renick as guardian in 1867, was sold by him in the same capacity under the order of the county court, for the payment of debts, and for the maintenance of Rannells and his family.
By reason of the purchase by the guardian of the land, with assets of the estate of his ward, a trust *29resulted, in favor of the latter, and this is true regardless of any election by the ward to that effect, or any capacity on his part so to elect. Such a trust results or arises by operation of law, and is altogether independent or any election. 1 Perry on Trusts, sec. 127, and cases cited ; 2 Pomeroy’s Eq. Jur.,sec. 1049, and cases cited.
As it is not usual to have more than one sale of a ward’s estate for the payment of debts, and as the only sale for that purpose, so far as the record reveals, took place in 1869, long after the purchase by the guardian at the foreclosure sale of land in suit, it may well be presumed that the word “ sales” used in the agreed statement, referred to mere private sales and not to those effected through the machinery of the county court. If this presumption be correct, then but little difficulty arises as to the proper disposition of the point under discussion. And even if the lands sold in St. Louis county were sold for the payment of debts, and the notes arising from the “sales ” were exchanged, as in the present instance, for the judgment of foreclosure, and the land bought in under such judgment, this would not defeat the widow’s claim for dower. The fact that such an exchange by the guardian was unauthorized does not affect this question. If the husband, before being put in ward, had exchanged lands in St. Louis county for the lands in question in Saline county, this would not have barred his wife’s dower in but one tract. 1 Wash. Real. Prop. [5 Ed.] 208. Some of the authorities hold that, aside from statutory provisions and technical exchanges, she would be dowable in both tracts. 1 Woerner Am. Law of Adm’r, 288.
Accepting the foregoing as correct, it is difficult to see how the act of the guardian in exchanging the proceeds of lands in St. Louis county, for the proceeds of lands in Saline county, could defeat the dower right of the widow, or render her tenure more precarious, than if her husband, when fully sane, had made the *30exchange. Looking at the matter in this light, it must be held that the plaintiff was dowable of the land in suit, and, therefore, should • have prevailed in her action.
III. eAs to the effect of the plaintiff joining in the deed made by her husband and his guardian, this point is ruled in favor of the plaintiff on the authority of Rannells v. Gerner, 80 Mo. 474.
The judgment will be reversed, and the cause remanded with directions to the circuit court to proceed in conformity to this opinion.
All concur, but Ray C. J., absent.