Court Opinion

ID: 4460887
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-12-03 20:09:59.098309+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:53:37.488847
License: Public Domain

J-S56025-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    VICTOR VELQUEZ                             :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 3508 EDA 2018

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 3, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-51-CR-0000105-2018

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., OLSON, J., and NICHOLS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                            FILED DECEMBER 03, 2019

        Appellant, Victor Velquez, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered on December 3, 2018, following his jury trial conviction of persons

not to possess a firearm.1 On appeal, Appellant’s counsel filed a petition to

withdraw as counsel and a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S.

738 (1967) and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).

Upon review, we grant counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm Appellant’s

judgment of sentence.

        We briefly summarize the facts and procedural history of this case as

follows.     On October 12, 2017, Philadelphia Police Officer Sharrod Davis

observed Appellant snort the contents of a blue, glassine package from his

hand.      Believing the substance to be narcotics, Officer Sharrod exited his

____________________________________________

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105.
J-S56025-19

police vehicle, walked behind Appellant, and identified himself to Appellant as

a police officer. Appellant turned to face Officer Davis and began removing a

black jacket from his person.        Officer Davis grabbed Appellant, before

Appellant could remove the jacket, and tackled him to the ground.              As

Appellant was falling to the ground, Officer Davis heard a “metal thud sound.”

When he felt the outside of Appellant’s jacket, Officer Davis felt what he

believed was a firearm. Officer Davis recovered a firearm from the jacket

pocket, Appellant could not produce a license for the firearm, and Officer Davis

arrested him. N.T., 9/17/2018, at 5-18. The firearm was operable and loaded

with seven rounds of ammunition.        N.T., 9/19/2018, at 12-17.      From the

scene, Officer Davis recovered the blue glassine package he observed in

Appellant’s possession. Id.

      Prior to trial, Appellant filed a motion to suppress the physical evidence

recovered by police.    The trial court held a hearing on September 17, 2018

and, at its conclusion, denied Appellant relief. The case proceeded to a jury

trial on September 19, 2018.       The Commonwealth called Officer Davis to

testify.   He testified similarly to his previous testimony at the suppression

hearing.    Appellant called a private investigator and Officer Amir Watson,

Officer Davis’ partner, to testify. The parties also stipulated that the recovered

blue, glassine packet tested positive for heroin and that Appellant had a prior

conviction rendering him ineligible to possess a firearm. Id. at 53-54.        On

September 20, 2018, the jury convicted Appellant of the aforementioned

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offense. On December 3, 2018, the trial court sentenced Appellant to 10 to

20 years of imprisonment. This timely appeal resulted.2

       Before reaching the merits of the appeal, we must first address the

propriety of counsel's petition to withdraw and Anders brief.         We have

previously determined:

       Direct appeal counsel seeking to withdraw under Anders must file
       a petition averring that, after a conscientious examination of the
       record, counsel finds the appeal to be wholly frivolous. Counsel
       must also file an Anders brief setting forth issues that might
       arguably support the appeal along with any other issues necessary
       for the effective appellate presentation thereof.

       Anders counsel must also provide a copy of the Anders petition
       and brief to the appellant, advising the appellant of the right to
       retain new counsel, proceed pro se or raise any additional points
       worthy of this Court's attention.

       If counsel does not fulfill the aforesaid technical requirements of
       Anders, this Court will deny the petition to withdraw and remand
       the case with appropriate instructions (e.g., directing counsel
       either to comply with Anders or file an advocate's brief on the
       appellant's behalf). By contrast, if counsel's petition and brief
       satisfy Anders, we will then undertake our own review of the
       appeal to determine if it is wholly frivolous. If the appeal is
       frivolous, we will grant the withdrawal petition and affirm the
       judgment of sentence. However, if there are non-frivolous issues,
____________________________________________

2  Appellant filed a counseled notice of appeal on December 7, 2018. On
December 17, 2018, trial counsel petitioned the trial court to withdraw from
representation. On December 20, 2018, the trial court permitted trial counsel
to withdraw and appointed new counsel to represent Appellant on appeal. On
December 27, 2018, the trial court directed Appellant’s current appellate
counsel to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant
to Pa.R.A.P. 1925. On April 10, 2019, after requesting and receiving
extensions to do so, Appellant’s appellate counsel filed a timely Rule
1925(c)(4) statement, indicating that he was filing an appellate brief pursuant
to Anders. On April 16, 2019, the trial court notified this Court that it was
transmitting the case without an opinion.

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      we will deny the petition and remand for the filing of an advocate's
      brief.

      Our Supreme Court has clarified portions of the Anders
      procedure:

             In the Anders brief that accompanies court-appointed
             counsel's petition to withdraw, counsel must: (1)
             provide a summary of the procedural history and
             facts, with citations to the record; (2) refer to
             anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
             supports the appeal; (3) set forth counsel's conclusion
             that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state counsel's
             reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous.
             Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record,
             controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that
             have led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.

      Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.

Commonwealth v. Cook, 175 A.3d 345, 348 (Pa. Super. 2017) (some

citations omitted).

      Upon    review,   counsel   has   complied   with   all   of   the   foregoing

requirements pursuant to Anders and Santiago.                   Appellant has not

responded.    Thus, we proceed to review the issues set forth in counsel’s

Anders brief before conducting an independent review of the record to discern

if there are non-frivolous issues overlooked by counsel. Id.

      On appeal, counsel for Appellant presents the following issues:

      A. The trial court committed an abuse of discretion by denying
         Appellant’s motion to suppress physical evidence because the
         police lacked probable cause to conduct either a custodial or
         investigative detention.

      B. The trial court committed an abuse of discretion by denying
         Appellant’s motion for a mistrial predicated on a reference to
         prior warrants issued for Appellant.

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Anders Brief at 11 and 19 (complete capitalization omitted).

      In the first issue presented in the Anders brief, Appellant contends that

the police lacked reasonable suspicion to conduct an investigative or custodial

detention and, therefore, the trial court abused its discretion by denying

suppression of the physical evidence recovered thereafter by the police.

Anders Brief at 11-19.

      It is well-settled that:

      [o]ur standard of review in addressing a challenge to a trial court's
      denial of a suppression motion is limited to determining whether
      the factual findings are supported by the record and whether the
      legal conclusions drawn from those facts are correct.

      We may consider only the evidence of the prosecution and so
      much of the evidence for the defense as remains uncontradicted
      when read in the context of the record as a whole. Where the
      record supports the findings of the suppression court, we are
      bound by those facts and may reverse only if the court erred in
      reaching its legal conclusions based upon the facts.

      Moreover, it is within the [trial] court's province to pass on the
      credibility of witnesses and determine the weight to be given to
      their testimony.

                            *          *            *

      The Fourth Amendment of the Federal Constitution and Article I,
      Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution protect individuals from
      unreasonable searches and seizures. To secure the right of
      citizens to be free from such unreasonable intrusions, courts in
      Pennsylvania require law enforcement officers to demonstrate
      ascending levels of suspicion to justify their interactions with
      citizens as those interactions become more intrusive. We have
      long recognized that there are three levels of intrusion involved in
      interactions between members of the public and the police. The
      first is a mere encounter, which requires no level of suspicion at
      all.

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         The second level is an investigative detention, which must be
         supported by reasonable suspicion. Finally, the third level is an
         arrest or custodial detention, which must be supported by
         probable cause.

                               *               *      *

         The determination of whether an officer had reasonable suspicion
         that criminality was afoot so as to justify an investigatory
         detention is an objective one, which must be considered in light
         of the totality of the circumstances.[3] It is the duty of the
         suppression court to independently evaluate whether, under the
         particular facts of a case, an objectively reasonable police officer
         would have reasonably suspected criminal activity was afoot.

Commonwealth v. Soto, 202 A.3d 80, 90 (Pa. Super. 2018) (internal

citations and quotations omitted).

         Here, Officer Davis, a Philadelphia police officer with fifteen years of

experience and narcotics interdiction training, witnessed Appellant, who was

five feet away, “holding a blue glassine package commonly known to package

heroin.” N.T., 9/17/2018, at 7. Officer Davis saw Appellant “[e]mptying the

contents onto his hand and snorting the contents[.]” Id. at 9. Officer Davis

had personally witnessed others using heroin before.            Id.   As such, he

“believed that [Appellant] was in possession of the illegal substance of heroin.”

Id.

         Based upon the foregoing, the trial court properly determined that

Officer Davis had reasonable suspicion to suspect that criminal activity was

afoot.     Officer Davis, a seasoned narcotics officer, personally witnessed

____________________________________________

3 A police officer is entitled to draw from the facts in light of his experience.
Commonwealth v. Young, 904 A.2d 947, 957 (Pa. Super. 2006) (internal
citations and quotation marks omitted).

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Appellant ingesting heroin within close proximity. Thus, the record supports

the trial court’s decision not to suppress evidence obtained as a result of a

proper investigative detention.      As such, Appellant’s current challenge is

frivolous.

      In the second issue presented in the Anders brief, Appellant asserts

that the trial court erred by failing to declare a mistrial after Officer Davis

testified that there were outstanding arrest warrants issued for Appellant’s

unrelated criminal conduct.    Anders Brief at 19-23.

      We adhere to the following standards:

      In criminal trials, declaration of a mistrial serves to eliminate the
      negative effect wrought upon a defendant when prejudicial
      elements are injected into the case or otherwise discovered at
      trial. By nullifying the tainted process of the former trial and
      allowing a new trial to convene, declaration of a mistrial serves
      not only the defendant's interest but, equally important, the
      public's interest in fair trials designed to end in just judgments.
      Accordingly, the trial court is vested with discretion to grant a
      mistrial whenever the alleged prejudicial event may reasonably be
      said to deprive the defendant of a fair and impartial trial. In
      making its determination, the court must discern whether
      misconduct or prejudicial error actually occurred, and if so, ...
      assess the degree of any resulting prejudice. Our review of the
      resulting order is constrained to determining whether the court
      abused its discretion. Judicial discretion requires action in
      conformity with [the] law on facts and circumstances before the
      trial court after hearing and consideration. Consequently, the
      court abuses its discretion if, in resolving the issue for decision, it
      misapplies the law or exercises its discretion in a manner lacking
      reason.

Commonwealth v. Jaynes, 135 A.3d 606, 615 (Pa. Super. 2016) (internal

citations and quotations omitted).

      Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 605(B) provides:

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      When an event prejudicial to the defendant occurs during trial only
      the defendant may move for a mistrial; the motion shall be
      made when the event is disclosed. Otherwise, the trial judge
      may declare a mistrial only for reasons of manifest necessity.

Pa.R.Crim.P. 605(B) (emphasis added). The failure to make a timely motion

for a mistrial will result in waiver of the issue.    See Commonwealth v.

Tucker, 143 A.3d 955, 961 (Pa. Super. 2016). “This Court has previously

held that the failure to object to testimony at the time it was given precluded

a subsequent motion for mistrial lodged only after the witness was excused

and the court took a recess.” Id., citing Wilkerson v. Allied Van Lines,

Inc., 521 A.2d 25, 30 (Pa. Super. 1987) (“Appellee failed to object to

Simpson's reference to insurance when it was uttered, but rather waited until

after Simpson had completed his testimony on direct, cross, redirect and

recross. This was too late.”); see also Commonwealth v. Boring, 684 A.2d

561, 568 (Pa. Super. 1996) (deeming motion for mistrial made subsequent to

sustained objection untimely when deferred until conclusion of witness

testimony a considerable length of time after prejudicial remark occurred);

Commonwealth v. Smith, 410 A.2d 787, 790–791 (Pa. 1980) (request for

mistrial because of witness's reference to polygraph test untimely when made

approximately two or three minutes after the allegedly prejudicial statement).

      In this case, Officer Davis testified that Appellant initially told Officer

Davis that his name was “Jose Pirela.” N.T., 10/19/2018, at 13. However,

Officer Davis was unable to find that name in the police computer databank.

Id. Officer Davis “finally [] was able to ascertain his name” and when he

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cross-checked Appellant’s name in the police computer system, information

“came back that the male had some warrants.” Id. Appellant objected to the

testimony and the trial court sustained Appellant’s objection. Id. However,

it was not until the conclusion of the Commonwealth’s case-in-chief that

defense counsel requested a mistrial based upon Officer Davis’ testimony

regarding prior warrant history. Id. at 56-57. We find Appellant’s request

was untimely and, accordingly, it was waived.

      Regardless, the “extreme remedy” of a mistrial is only appropriate when

an incident “is of such a nature that its unavoidable effect is to deprive the

appellant of a fair and impartial trial.” Commonwealth v. Powell, 956 A.2d

406, 421 (Pa. 2008) (citation omitted). Our Supreme Court has determined:

      The harmless error doctrine, as adopted in Pennsylvania, reflects
      the reality that the accused is entitled to a fair trial, not a perfect
      trial.

                           *            *            *

      Harmless error exists if the record demonstrates either: (1) the
      error did not prejudice the defendant or the prejudice was de
      minimis; or (2) the erroneously admitted evidence was merely
      cumulative of other untainted evidence which was substantially
      similar to the erroneously admitted evidence; or (3) the properly
      admitted and uncontradicted evidence of guilt was so
      overwhelming and the prejudicial effect of the error was so
      insignificant by comparison that the error could not have
      contributed to the verdict.

Commonwealth v. Hairston, 84 A.3d 657, 671–672 (Pa. 2014).                      In

reviewing the trial court's denial of a mistrial, we consider the nature of the

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reference and whether or not the Commonwealth intentionally elicited the

testimony. Powell, 956 A.2d at 421 (citation omitted).

      In this case, the reference to outstanding arrest warrants for Appellant

was unsolicited, Appellant immediately objected, and the trial court promptly

sustained the objection.     Moreover, we find the fleeting reference was

harmless. The evidence of Appellant’s guilt was so overwhelming that the

error could not have contributed to the verdict. Additionally, we note that the

parties stipulated that Appellant “ha[d] been convicted of a felony in the past

that prohibits him from possession of a firearm.” N.T., 9/19/2019, at 54. The

trial court, thereafter, gave an instruction that the jury “must not regard this

evidence as showing that [Appellant] is a person of bad character or criminal

tendencies from which you may infer guilt.”          Id. at 55.      As such, the

erroneously admitted evidence of outstanding arrest warrants pending against

Appellant was merely cumulative of other untainted evidence that he had

previously been convicted of a felony.        Hence, while Appellant waived his

request for a mistrial, his request was otherwise without merit. Accordingly,

Appellant is not entitled to relief on his second issue presented.

      Finally, we have conducted an independent review of the entire record

as required by Anders and have not discerned any other non-frivolous issues.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed. Petition to withdraw granted.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 12/3/19

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