Court Opinion

ID: 3681035
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-06 06:26:36.061235+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:09:08.669186
License: Public Domain

Statement of facts.
An action and a special proceeding were tried together in the district court of Richland county. In the action the plaintiff sought a judgment against the defendant on two special improvement warrants for $500 each, issued by the defendant and payable out of the funds of sewer improvement districts Nos. 1 and 2, respectively. The special proceeding was an application, on relation of Kistler, for a writ of mandamus directed to the defendant corporation and to the members of the city council, city officers and special assessment commission to compel the levy of special assessments to defray the cost of the improvement, on account of which two warrants, each for the sum of $500, payable from the funds of sewer improvement districts Nos. 1 and 2, respectively, had been issued, which were owned by the relator. The proceeding was later amended to include additional warrants, also owned by Kistler. Upon the application an alternative writ or order was issued requiring the levying of special assessments for the total cost of the improvement, on account of which the warrants owned by the relator had been issued. Both the action and the special proceeding came on for trial before the district judge without a jury at the same time, and it was stipulated by counsel that the evidence taken in the one case should be considered as taken in the other so far as material, and upon these appeals there is but one statement of the case. *Page 360
In the Dakota Trust Company Case, in which judgment is sought on the warrants, judgment was rendered for the plaintiff. A motion for a new trial was made and overruled. The appeal is from the judgment and from the order overruling the motion for a new trial. In the Kistler case a judgment was entered awarding the writ as prayed for, and the appeal is from the judgment.
The facts out of which the controversy arises may be stated as follows: In 1920 the city council of the city of Hankinson undertook to establish a sewer system and a waterworks system, taking all the necessary steps therefor, as will appear from the case of Jones v. Hankinson, 48 N.D. 618, 186 N.W. 276, in which case it was held that the plaintiffs had not sustained the burden of proving irregularities in the proceedings which were alleged as a basis for injunction.
On August 12, 1920, bids were received and opened for the construction of a sewer system, and a resolution was passed for the letting of the contract to the John O'Connor Company of Fargo for $82,716.29. Under date of August 13, 1920, a contract was entered into between the city and the O'Connor Company in accordance with the resolution. The contract provided, among other things, for the doing of the work in accordance with a proposed schedule and specifications; that the city of Hankinson assumed and incurred no general liability; that the payments thereunder were to be made by warrants bearing 7 per cent interest; that the work should be subject to the approval of the engineer of the city who should superintend and inspect the work during its progress; and it provided for the completion by July 1, 1921. This date was later extended. Work was begun under this contract in 1921, and it seems that when trenches were dug in which to lay the tile or sewer pipe, there was uncovered throughout a large portion of the trenches a bed or beds of quicksand. It also appears that water seeped into the trenches, thus making the work of laying the pipe difficult; that on account of this condition the joints in the pipe, which were required by the specifications to be laid in Portland cement mortar and to be water tight, were cemented only over the top and not underneath, as the water prevented the cementing operations beneath; that the quicksand did not furnish a good foundation upon which to lay the pipe; that the steps required to be taken to improve the foundation were not taken, and that as a consequence the pipe, when laid, *Page 361 
were more or less uneven; that the joints were not sufficiently tight to prevent the infiltration of quicksand and that, due to these conditions, principally the settling of the pipe in the quicksand beds and the infiltration of quicksand, the sewer system when completed worked imperfectly and throughout a large part of the area did not work at all; that it became entirely plugged up in sections and at one place, if not several, it settled so that it did not make a proper connection with the manhole; that attempts to clear the system here and there failed; that at one time — though it seems this condition was later remedied — the outlet was not properly connected with the septic tank; that a sludge bed had not been properly constructed, due to the failure to supply gravel thereon at the proper thickness; that during the progress of the work the engineers, whose duty it was to make inspections, made only cursory examinations; that there was little, if any, effort made to counteract the adverse physical conditions in order that the sewer when completed might be in more perfect condition; that even though it had been constructed according to plans and specifications, the grade of the sewer was such that it would require attention occasionally, such as flushing, in order to prevent the accumulation of solid matter at various places; that the sewer did not receive this attention on the part of the city, though several permits were given to make connections therewith. The city engineer employed was a corporation known as Dakota Engineering  Construction Company.
From time to time, during the progress of the work, estimates were submitted to the city council and allowed. Among these was the following: *Page 362 
Hankinson, N.D., Feb. 6th, 1922.
Honorable Mayor and City Council, Hankinson, N. Dak. Gentlemen:
We submit herewith a partial estimate of the amount due the John O'Connor Co. to date of Feby. 4th, 1922, on their contract covering the construction of a sewer system for the city of Hankinson.
5141 ft. 15" Tile in place at 3.80 per ft. .......... $19,535.80 1543 ft. 12" Tile in place at 2.30 per ft. ..........   3,548.90 5674 ft. 10" Tile in place at 2.26 per ft. ..........  12,823.24 14288 ft. 8" Tile in place at 2.00 per ft. ...........  28,576.00 55 manholes at 130.00 each ...........................   7,150.00 7 Lampholes (partial est.) at 10.00 ..................      70.00 Septic tank, 50% complete at $10,000.00 ..............   5,000.00 --------- $76,703.94 Less approx. 15% ....................................   11,703.94 ---------- $65,000.00 Less previous estimate ..............................   61,000.00 ---------- Approved for payment ............................   $4,000.00
Respectfully submitted, Dakota Engineering  Const. Co.
Dakota Engineering and Construction Co. To Engineering services as per contract, 1% of estimate to the John O'Connor Co. dated Feby. 6th, 1922, 1% of $4,000.00 .... $40.00
The action of the council thereon was:
The following resolution was offered by Alderman Brown, seconded by Alderman Schuett.
Be it Resolved, that the foregoing estimate of the City Engineer approving for payment the sum of $4,000.00 to the John O'Connor Co. be allowed and approved, and that warrants be issued, executed and delivered against the proper fund in the manner provided by law. *Page 363 
Roll call — 1st Ward, Brown, yes, Burfening, yes. 2nd Ward, Schuett, yes, Schramm, yes. 3rd Ward, Hoffman, absent, Peitz, absent.
On March 6, 1922 a final estimate was submitted and allowed, and payment ordered as follows:
February 28, 1922.
Hon. Mayor and City Council, Hankinson, North Dakota.
Gentlemen:
We submit herewith a final estimate of the amount due the John O'Connor Company under their contract for the construction of a sewer system for the City of Hankinson.
5,303 ft. 15" Vitrified tile at 3.80 per ft. ..... $20,151.40 1,543 ft. 12" Vitrified tile at 2.30 per ft. .....   3,546.90 5,674 ft. 10" Vitrified tile at 2.26 per ft. .....  12,823.34 14,288 ft. 8" Vitrified tile at 2.00 per ft. ......  28,576.00 56 manholes at $130.00 each .......................   7,150.00 7 lampholes at $20.00 each .......................     140.00 1 Septic tank ....................................  10,000.00 1 Sludge bed .....................................     500.00 ----------- Total ..................................... $82,889.54 Paid to date ......................................  65,000.00 ----------- Balance due on construction ....................... $17,889.54 Engineering costs .................................   4,144.48 Condemnation costs ................................   1,575.00 Printing and assessing costs ......................   1,000.00 Incidental expenses chargeable to improvement .....   1,390.00 ----------- Balance due Contractor ............................ $26,000.00
Respectfully submitted, Dakota Engineering  Construction Co. *Page 364 
To Dakota Engineering and Construction Company, Valley City, N.D.
To Engineering services as per contract, 5% of total contract of the John O'Connor Co. of $82,889.54 .................................... $4,144.48 Less payments to date ..............................  2,304.32 ---------- Balance due ................................ $1,840.16
Motion made by Schuett, seconded by Burfening, that bills of Dakota Engineering Co. be allowed as read.
Roll Call. — 1st Ward, Brown, yes, Burfening, yes. 2nd Ward, Schuett, yes, Schramm, yes. 3rd Ward, Hoffman, absent, Peitz, absent.
Motion made by Burfening, seconded by Schramm.
Be It Resolved, that the foregoing estimate of the City Engineer approving for payment the sum of $26,000.00 to the John O'Connor Co. be allowed and approved and that warrants be issued, executed and delivered against the proper fund in the manner provided by law.
Roll Call — 1st Ward, Brown, yes, Burfening, yes. 2nd Ward, Schuett, yes, Schramm, yes. 3rd Ward, Hoffman, absent, Peitz, absent.
The following resolution was passed at the same meeting:
BE IT RESOLVED, By the city of Hankinson, North Dakota, through its mayor and city council, in regular meeting.
THAT, WHEREAS, the city engineer has submitted a final estimate for the completion of the contract of the John O'Connor Company for the furnishing of labor and materials for the construction of a sewer system in accordance with the contract and plans and specifications now on file in the office of the city auditor, and it appears to the City Council that said work has been fully and finally completed to the satisfaction of said city engineer and to the council, except that part of the work involving the completion of the septic tank and accessories at the outlet of said sewer system, and that the main and lateral sewers have been completed in accordance with the contract and have *Page 365 
been tested and found satisfactory by the city engineer and that under the terms of the contract with said sewer contractor, the final estimate shall not be awarded until the full completion and testing of the entire work, but it now appearing that a considerable number of property owners desire to make connections with said main and lateral sewers and to have the use thereof before the opening up of Spring, and that it is advantageous to the city of Hankinson, its citizens and property owners that such main and lateral sewers shall be put into immediate use in connection with the waterworks system and that it is for the best interests of the said City that said sewers should be made available at the earliest possible moment, and that it is necessary in order to have the use of such system, that a part of the system with the exception of the septic tank and accessories be finally accepted and approved at the time it is so taken over by the City of Hankinson.
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, That the contract of the John O'Connor Company is determined to be fully completed as to the furnishing of labor and material and as to the establishment of said sewer system, including the main and lateral sewers, and all the part of the system, with the exception of the septic tank and accessories located at the outlet of said sewer, and the city now accepts said work and takes over the same from the said sewer contractor and the final estimate heretofore filed by the city engineer in favor of the said John O'Connor Company, in the sum of $26,000 be and the same is accepted and approved and the Mayor and city auditor are hereby directed to issue the necessary warrants against the proper sewer and improvement district fund in payment of said final estimate.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That the surety bond executed by the John O'Connor Company and the Dakota Trust Company, a surety, now on file in the office of the city auditor, be and the same is hereby approved and that the conditions thereof are hereby accepted by said city of Hankinson and the city engineer is directed to take over from the said sewer contractor, the possession of said sewer system and the use thereof with the exception of the septic tank and accessories at the outlet of said sewer; and that said City Engineer is directed to cause the prompt completion of that part of the work yet unfinished and a proper test thereof made upon its final completion and in the event that the same is not fully completed, in accordance with the *Page 366 
plans and specifications now on file by the contractor, the said John O'Connor Company, said city engineer is to immediately notify the said John O'Connor Company, and Dakota Trust Company, as surety, of said deficiency and that in consideration of such bond, the final estimate is hereby awarded the said John O'Connor Company, as aforesaid, which resolution having been submitted to vote of the Council, the ayes and nays were as follows:
Roll Call — 1st Ward, Brown, yes, Burfening, yes. 2nd Ward, Schuett, yes, Schramm, yes. 3rd Ward, Hoffman, absent, Pietz, absent.
and said resolution was thereupon by the Mayor declared to be duly adopted.
The contract and bond referred to in the above resolution were entered into and work was later done on the septic tank and sludge bed pursuant thereto. It does not appear, however, that this work was ever completed to the entire satisfaction of the city, in that the gravel upon the sludge bed was not of the required thickness. It would require an expenditure of approximately $200 to make it conform to the specifications.
During the latter stages of the progress of the work under the general contract, the city, through its officers, particularly the mayor, was negotiating with the Lincoln Trust  Savings Bank of Minneapolis, Minnesota, for the sale of the warrants of sewer districts Nos. 1 and 2, and it seems that an agreement was reached for their disposition at par, plus accrued interest, in the early part of February, 1922. This agreement was expressed in a resolution of the city council on February 6, 1922, which purported to authorize the issuance and sale to the Lincoln Trust Savings Bank of $30,500 of warrants. On March 6th, following, another resolution was passed purporting to authorize and ratify this sale. This resolution recites that there had been theretofore issued to the John O'Connor Company, in part payment, warrants against the funds of district No. 1 aggregating $22,500, and that it was contemplated that special assessments would be levied in that district for at least $32,000; that there had been previously issued to the John O'Connor Company $38,500 of warrants drawn against the funds of sewer district No. 2, and that it was *Page 367 
contemplated that there would be levied to pay for the improvement in that district, $60,000; that in addition there was authorized the issuance of $9,500 of warrants in sewer district No. 1, and $21,500 in sewer district No. 2, and that the sale of the latter warrants, $9,500 and $21,500, to the Lincoln Trust 
Savings Bank, at par and accrued interest, was for the best interests of the city, was the best offer obtainable and was ratified, approved and confirmed. Another resolution purported to authorize the issuance of $3,500 in warrants to meet instalments of interest about to mature upon warrants previously issued.
The warrants described in the resolutions above referred to were delivered to the Lincoln Trust  Savings Bank and the proceeds entered as a credit to the city of Hankinson. On February 14th a credit was entered of $30,589.17, and on March 11th a further credit of $3,575.83 was entered. A short form city warrant had been issued to John O'Connor for $4,000, payable out of any money in the sewer fund, for the estimate allowed on February 6th. On the trial this warrant was produced by the city auditor who had obtained it from the Northwestern National Bank, successor to the Lincoln Trust  Savings Bank, as a voucher. It was charged in that bank against the account of the city of Hankinson on February 27th. On March 8th, two days after the allowance of the final estimate to the John O'Connor Company as above, that company drew a draft upon the Lincoln Trust  Savings Bank of Minneapolis, payable to the order of the First National Bank of Hankinson. This draft was paid and the proceeds credited to John O'Connor Company's account in the Hankinson bank and was charged to the account of the city of Hankinson in the Minneapolis bank, thus leaving as the proceeds of the warrants which had previously been delivered to the Minneapolis bank a credit of some $589. The evidence is contradictory as to whether the warrants, the proceeds of which were credited in the Minneapolis bank to the city of Hankinson, were delivered to it by one Fortune of the O'Connor Company or by the mayor of the city of Hankinson. Subsequent to the above transactions, there was deposited in the First National Bank of Hankinson by the John O'Connor Company, through its agent, $6,320.04 to the credit of an account designated in the bank as the city of Hankinson sewer account, and there were paid out of this account *Page 368 
on the warrants previously issued by the city authorities to the city engineer $4,160.79, or the total of these warrants, plus accrued interest, less a discount of 4 per cent. There were also other payments charged against this same account.
The correspondence between the city officers and the Minneapolis bank shows that the proceeds of the warrants in the Minneapolis bank were to be used only in payment of estimates due John O'Connor Company and that before the money was drawn out it was required that an estimate should accompany the draft.
It appears that the warrants purchased by the Dakota Trust Company were purchased on or about March 10, 1922, and that the Dakota Trust Company is surety on the bond given by John O'Connor Company conditioned for the completion of the work pursuant to the resolution of March 6th, the date of the allowance of the final estimate.
It does not appear that the portion of the work covered by the separate contract of March 6th was ever completed to the satisfaction of the city or that it was ever approved by the engineer.
Some proceedings had been instituted looking toward the assessment of the property in the assessment districts in question to pay for the improvement, but these were subsequently discontinued. The Dakota Trust Company sued as owner of improvement warrants that had been issued to the John O'Connor Company upon the approval of partial estimates, and the relator in the mandamus proceeding was the owner of some similar warrants, but it appears that the larger portion of his investment was in warrants which he had purchased from the Lincoln Trust  Savings Bank and which that bank had acquired in the manner herein previously stated. Since different legal principles control the rights of the parties in their respective situations and under the different character of the proceedings brought, each appeal will be considered in a separate opinion.