Court Opinion

ID: 4695651
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-06-15 15:23:44.085368+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:05:36.543372
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

              Present: Chief Judge Decker, Judges Huff and Athey
UNPUBLISHED

              Argued by videoconference

              ANITA SHANA-NICOLE SIMMS

              v.     Record No. 0915-20-4

              ALEXANDRIA DEPARTMENT OF
               COMMUNITY AND HUMAN SERVICES
                                                                            MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
              ANITA SHANA-NICOLE SIMMS                                     JUDGE CLIFFORD L. ATHEY, JR.
                                                                                  JUNE 15, 2021
              v.     Record No. 0916-20-4

              ALEXANDRIA DEPARTMENT OF
               COMMUNITY AND HUMAN SERVICES

                               FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA
                                              Nolan B. Dawkins, Judge

                               Teresa E. McGarrity (Neal Goldberg; JustCause Counsel, PLLC, on
                               briefs), for appellant.

                               Matthew W. Greene, Special Assistant City Attorney; Gerylee M.
                               Baron, Guardian ad litem for the infant children (Joanna C.
                               Anderson; Jill A. Schaub; Greene Law Group, PLLC; Office of the
                               City Attorney; Law Office of Gerylee M. Baron, on brief), for
                               appellee.

                     Through consolidated appeals from the Circuit Court for the City of Alexandria (“trial

              court”), the appellant, Anita Shana-Nicole Simms (“mother”), challenges two adjudicatory

              orders finding abuse or neglect of her twin daughters (“the children”)1 and two dispositional

                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                     1
                      To protect their privacy, we use “the children” because mother’s twin daughters have
              the same initials. Additionally, the records in this case were sealed. To properly address the
              assignments of error mother raises, this opinion includes portions of the sealed records. See
              Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1 (2017) (“To the extent that this opinion mentions
orders that (1) transferred custody of the children to the Alexandria Department of Community

and Human Services (“ADCHS”), (2) approved foster care plans with the goal of adoption, and

(3) remanded both cases back to the Alexandria Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court

(“Alexandria JDR”). Mother specifically assigns the following four errors:

               I. The trial court erred in ruling on dispositional issues and entering
               dispositional orders in each case without holding a dispositional hearing
               as statutorily required, but instead, the trial court only set and recorded
               non-actual dispositional hearing dates and non-actual dispositional
               hearings on the form adjudicatory orders and form dispositional orders.

               II. The trial court erred in approving a foster care plan for each child
               without reviewing a proposed foster care plan at any hearing, but instead,
               the trial court only set and recorded non-actual review hearing dates,
               non-actual review hearings, and non-actual filing dates on the form
               adjudicatory orders and form dispositional orders.

               III. The trial court erred in remanding the cases to Alexandria JDR
               pursuant to Code § 16.1-297 without rendering a valid final judgment or
               entering a valid final order in each case.

               IV. The trial court erred in adjudicating that the children were abused or
               neglected as defined in Code § 16.1-228.

We disagree and therefore affirm the decision of the trial court.

                                       I. BACKGROUND

       On appeal, “we view the evidence and all reasonable inferences in the light most

favorable to the prevailing party below,” in this case, ADCHS. See Farrell v. Warren Cty. Dep’t

of Soc. Servs., 59 Va. App. 375, 386 (2012) (quoting Jenkins v. Winchester Dep’t of Soc. Servs.,

12 Va. App. 1178, 1180 (1991)). So viewed, the evidence is as follows:

       On June 8, 2019, ADCHS received allegations that mother had physically neglected the

children, who were born prematurely that day. During her high-risk pregnancy, mother did not

seek any prenatal care and tested positive for PCP twice. Mother had admitted, after she learned

facts found in the sealed record, we unseal only those specific facts, finding them relevant to the
decision in this case.”).
                                               -2-
of her pregnancy, to using PCP, a drug she had abused for many years. Mother had a history

with ADCHS due to the department’s involvement in terminating her parental rights to her other

three children. Her 2017 parental capacity assessment showed that she suffers cognitive

limitations, has bipolar personality disorder, and is inconsistent with mental health treatment.

Consequently, the 2017 report concluded that she is at risk for future child neglect. Notably, the

trial court had previously made abuse or neglect findings against mother with respect to three of

her other children.2 ADCHS filed abuse and neglect petitions against mother with respect to the

children born on June 8, 2019. After the neo-natal intensive care unit (“NICU”) discharged the

children on July 26, 2019, they were placed in the care and custody of ADCHS pursuant to

emergency removal orders.

       Alexandria JDR entered preliminary removal orders on August 2, 2019, and set the

adjudicatory and dispositional hearing dates. At the adjudicatory hearing held on September 20,

2019, Alexandria JDR found the children abused or neglected and entered adjudicatory orders.

At the dispositional hearing on October 2, 2019, Alexandria JDR entered dispositional orders

that transferred the children’s custody to ADCHS and approved foster care plans.

       Mother appealed to the trial court for a de novo hearing on both the adjudicatory and

dispositional findings. The trial court then scheduled a single proceeding to occur on March 2,

2020 (“March 2 proceeding”) to hear mother’s appeal. During the de novo March 2 proceeding,

ADCHS presented its case-in-chief, which detailed the conditions in support of an abuse and

neglect finding by the trial court as well as evidence concerning ADCHS’s previous assumption

of the care and custody of the children pursuant to the foster care plans for the children. Once

       2
         See Simms v. Alexandria Dep’t of Cmty. & Hum. Servs., No. 1357-19-4, at 3
(Va. Ct. App. Feb. 4, 2020) (“After hearing all of the evidence and arguments, the [trial] court
found that the child was abused and neglected.”); Simms v. Alexandria Dep’t of Cmty. & Hum.
Servs., No. 1852-17-4, at 2 (Va. Ct. App. Apr. 24, 2018) (“On May 27, 2016, the [trial] court
entered adjudicatory orders finding that the children were abused or neglected.”).
                                                -3-
ADCHS rested, mother moved to strike, arguing that the evidence ADCHS presented was

insufficient to support the children’s removal or a finding of abuse or neglect under Code

§ 16.1-228. The trial court denied mother’s motion to strike. Mother then testified in her

defense, and ADCHS offered no further evidence in rebuttal.

       During closing arguments, ADCHS emphasized that the children were being harmed

because mother refused to address her drug abuse and mental health issues before asking the

court for both an adjudication of abuse and neglect and for a disposition of the matter, which

included continued placement with ADCHS pursuant to the foster care plans. Counsel for

mother responded in closing that the children were not being harmed by her drug abuse and

mental health issues. Counsel then added, “Since we’re here on appeal to the adjudication and

the disposition of the removal of the two children, we ask that even if a finding of abuse and

neglect be entered, the Court does consider placement with [mother], as I do believe that it could

be appropriate at this time.”

       The trial court found the children abused and neglected “based on the prenatal suggestion

that there was smoking of PCP and subsequent birth of the children underweight. However,

neither child contained any of the substance in her, in their systems.” Considering the best

interests of the children, the trial court added that they needed support beyond what mother could

provide. The trial court subsequently entered adjudicatory orders on March 6, 2020, that

reflected the abuse or neglect findings, pursuant to Code § 16.1-228(1) and 16.1-228(5).

Specifically, the trial court indicated that mother “create[d] a substantial risk of death,

disfigurement or impairment of bodily or mental functions” for the children. The trial court also

entered dispositional orders the same day, indicating that the dispositional hearings had taken

place in the trial court on January 20, 2020, and March 2, 2020. These appeals followed.

                                                 -4-
                                           II. ANALYSIS

                                 A. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR I – III

        Mother’s first three assignments of error are based on her contention that the trial court

erred by issuing dispositional orders in both cases without conducting separate dispositional

hearings. We find that mother has failed to meet her burden of showing that there were no

dispositional hearings.

        Code § 16.1-278.2(A) provides that “[w]ithin 60 days of a preliminary removal order

hearing . . . or a hearing on a preliminary protective order,” a dispositional hearing “shall be held

if the court found abuse or neglect and (i) removed the child from his home or (ii) entered a

preliminary protective order.” Although a panel of this Court decided that a trial court errs when

it fails to hold a dispositional hearing or issue a dispositional order in Byrd v. Petersburg Dep’t

of Soc. Servs., No. 0782-15-2 (Va. Ct. App. July 19, 2016),3 a trial court is not precluded from

holding adjudicatory and dispositional hearings on the same day. In fact, Code § 16.1-278.2(A)

provides that “[i]f a child is found to be [] abused or neglected . . . , the juvenile court or the

circuit court may make any of [seven] orders of disposition to protect the welfare of the child,”

such as “permit[ting] the child to remain with his parent, subject to such conditions and

limitations as the court may order” or “transfer[ring] legal custody” to “[t]he local board of

social services.”

        While we recognize that adjudication and disposition are two separate determinations, we

find that these determinations can be made on the same day during a single proceeding, provided

that the adjudicatory abuse and neglect determination occurs first as a predicate to a separate

        3
         Mother cites Byrd in support of her appeal, but this case is not binding authority under
Rule 5A:1(f). See Baker v. Commonwealth, 59 Va. App. 146, 153 n.3 (2011) (“[U]npublished
opinions are merely persuasive authority and not binding precedent.”), aff’d, 284 Va. 572 (2012).
                                              -5-
dispositional determination on custody. Upon reviewing the timing of the adjudication and

dispositional findings, the trial court made the findings in the correct order.

       The record in this case reflects that the trial court scheduled March 2, 2020, to make both

determinations and then held both adjudicatory and dispositional hearings during the March 2

proceeding. ADCHS presented evidence to the trial court that supported its request for an

adjudicatory finding of abuse and neglect as well as its request for entry of a dispositional order

authorizing continued placement with ADCHS. Pursuant to Code § 16.1-278.2(A), the trial

court found the children abused or neglected at the March 2 proceeding and subsequently

considered possible orders of disposition to protect their welfare; specifically, placement with

mother, as she requested, or continued placement with ADCHS – the local board of social

services. The trial court subsequently entered the dispositional orders on March 6, 2020.

       Under these circumstances, there is no statutory authority prohibiting the trial court from

proceeding as it did. Although the trial court did not specifically discuss the foster care plans or

provide detailed justifications for its decisions, the foster care plans were before the trial court

for a dispositional decision and the court was not required to state for the record the reasons

underlying its decisions absent a statutory mandate. See Artis v. Jones, 52 Va. App. 356, 364

(2008); see also Barnes v. Commonwealth, 72 Va. App. 160, 168 (2020). Although mother

argues that no dispositional hearing was held at the March 2 proceeding, she notably asked the

trial court during that proceeding to decide the dispositional issue of custody; she specifically

requested that the children be placed with her.

       For these reasons, we hold that mother has failed to meet her burden of showing that

there was no dispositional hearing after reviewing the evidence in the light most favorable to

ADCHS as the prevailing party below. Further, the trial court did not err in remanding the cases

to Alexandria JDR pursuant to Code § 16.1-297.

                                                  -6-
            B. ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV – DETERMINATION OF ABUSE OR NEGLECT

       Mother also contends that the trial court erred by adjudicating the children abused or

neglected. Specifically, mother claims that the evidence was insufficient to find that she abused

or neglected the children because they did not test positive for PCP and she showed an

appropriate level of care and concern for the children while they were in the NICU.4 We

disagree and find the evidence sufficient to support the trial court’s adjudication of abuse or

neglect.

       “In its capacity as a factfinder . . . the [trial] court retains ‘broad discretion in making the

decisions necessary to guard and to foster a child’s best interests.’” Farrell, 59 Va. App. at 401

(alterations in original) (quoting Toms v. Hanover Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 257, 266

(2005)). When, in the exercise of that discretion, a trial court determines a parent has abused or

neglected a child, we do not disturb that determination on appeal unless it is “plainly wrong or

without supporting evidence.” Id. at 418.

       Under Code § 16.1-228, an “abused or neglected child” includes a child “[w]hose parents

or other person responsible for h[er] care . . . creates a substantial risk of death, disfigurement or

impairment of bodily or mental functions . . . .”

       Here, the undisputed evidence shows that during mother’s high-risk pregnancy with the

children, she did not seek any prenatal care. She also admitted to using PCP during the

pregnancy and, in fact, tested positive for PCP on several occasions. The children were then

       4
          Mother also contends on brief that “[t]he trial court’s finding of child abuse and neglect
[] lacks a proper basis in light of the definition of ‘child’ in [] Code § 16.1-228” and that ADCHS
“failed to present any evidence establishing a causal nexus between occasional PCP use during
pregnancy and premature births or underweight newborns.” We find that Rule 5A:18 bars
appellate consideration of these specific arguments because they were not raised in the trial
court. See Rule 5A:18 (“No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for reversal
unless an objection was stated with reasonable certainty at the time of the ruling . . . .”); Ohree v.
Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308 (1998) (“[We] will not consider an argument on appeal
which was not presented to the trial court.”).
                                                  -7-
born to her prematurely. It is therefore apparent from the record that her failure to obtain

prenatal care and her continued abuse of PCP during the pregnancy created a substantial risk of

death, disfigurement, or impairment of bodily or mental functions for the children. As a result,

the trial court’s adjudication that mother’s conduct created a “substantial risk of impairment of

bodily or mental functions” was not plainly wrong or without evidence to support it. There were

also previous abuse or neglect findings concerning mother’s three other children. In addition,

mother’s 2017 parental capacity assessment concluded that she suffers from cognitive

limitations, has bipolar personality disorder, and is inconsistent in attending mental health

treatment; consequently, the report concluded that she is at risk for future child neglect.

       For these reasons, we find that the trial court’s finding of abuse or neglect was neither

plainly wrong nor without evidence to support it.

                                        III. CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court. The case is remanded to the trial

court to correct three scrivener’s errors under Code § 8.01-428(B).5

                                                                           Affirmed and remanded.

       5
         The first adjudicatory order incorrectly shows that the dispositional hearing had
occurred before the March 2 proceeding on January 20, 2020; however, the second adjudicatory
order correctly lists the dispositional hearing date as March 2, 2020, which was when the trial
court heard evidence supporting the continued placement of the children with ADCHS.
Accordingly, the incorrect date of January 20, 2020, on the first adjudicatory order is no more
than a scrivener’s error that needs correcting. The other two scrivener’s errors are on the
dispositional orders, which incorrectly note that the foster care plans for the children were
submitted on January 9, 2020. The foster care plans were actually submitted on September 23,
2019, so the dispositional orders must be corrected to reflect this filing date.
                                                 -8-