Court Opinion

ID: 4563052
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-09-04 14:12:56.268302+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:11:54.768622
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Wegman v. Ashton, 2020-Ohio-4330.]

                           IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                              SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                  MONTGOMERY COUNTY

 DANIEL WEGMAN                                      :
                                                    :
         Plaintiff-Appellee                         :   Appellate Case No. 28582
                                                    :
 v.                                                 :   Trial Court Case No. 2019-CV-145
                                                    :
 SARAH DEE ASHTON                                   :   (Civil Appeal from
                                                    :   Common Pleas Court)
         Defendant-Appellant                        :
                                                    :

                                               ...........

                                              OPINION

                         Rendered on the 4th day of September, 2020.

                                               ...........

DANIEL WEGMAN, 8718 Deer Chase Drive, Dayton, Ohio 45424
     Plaintiff-Appellee, Pro Se

PAMELA L. PINCHOT, Atty. Reg. No. 0071648, 345 North Main Street, Suite 2,
Springboro, Ohio 45066
      Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

                                              .............

DONOVAN, J.
                                                                                          -2-

       {¶ 1} Sarah Dee Ashton appeals from the trial court’s order adopting the

magistrate’s decision to grant Daniel Wegman’s petition for a civil stalking protection order

(CSPO) and overruling Ashton’s objections to the magistrate’s decision. The judgment

of the trial court will be affirmed.

       {¶ 2} Wegman filed his petition for a CSPO on January 9, 2019. On the petition

form, Wegman checked box 3(a), which stated: “For a civil stalking protection order due

to menacing by stalking, describe the nature and extent of the pattern of conduct that

causes you to believe that Respondent will cause you physical harm or causes (or had

caused) mental distress. Also describe any previous convictions of Respondent for the

crime of Menacing by Stalking, if known.” On the lines below, Wegman wrote: “Package

arrived on 9 Jan 2019. Sarah visited my house twice on Christmas Day 2018. I didn’t

answer the door.”

       {¶ 3} The magistrate held an ex parte hearing on January 9, 2019. At the hearing,

Wegman testified that he met Ashton in the late 1980s at Edwards Air Force Base in

California; after he left California around 1989, he “never saw” Ashton “until she started

pestering [him] * * * with email and visits and mail” about five years prior to the hearing.

Wegman testified that he had previously had a protection order against Ashton for two

years, but he believed it had expired “maybe two or three years ago.” Wegman testified

that Ashton had violated that protection order three times; on the third occasion, he “was

subpoenaed by the Grand Jury to testify about her behavior.” He did not know what

happened after that, but he did not have to return to court.

       {¶ 4} Wegman testified that, on the day of the hearing and the filing of his petition

(January 9), he had received a package through certified mail at his house containing a
                                                                                         -3-

large box of Christmas cookies and candy, a small Bible, and a couple of cards.         On

New Year’s Eve, Ashton had also sent him an email “to an old abandoned email address”

that he occasionally checked; it just said, “Dan?”       Additionally, on Christmas Day,

Wegman heard his doorbell ring and “knew it had to be her because that’s her * * *

behavior pattern.” He didn’t answer the door. Later the same day, Wegman’s doorbell

rang again, and that he ignored it. According to Wegman, he heard a car pulling out and

observed Ashton’s vehicle leaving the front of his home.

       {¶ 5} Wegman further testified that, on the day before Thanksgiving 2018, Ashton

had stopped by his house and rang the bell. He opened the door and she was standing

there. Wegman said, “What are you doing here?,” and Ashton replied that she “just

wanted to wish [him] a happy Thanksgiving.” Wegman closed the door and watched

Ashton go back to her car, and she left. Wegman also stated that, earlier in the year, he

had received a package via certified mail that contained “just a simple card with [Ashton’s]

name and address written on it, with no other kind of message.” The magistrate granted

the temporary order.

       {¶ 6} The full hearing occurred on March 12, 2019. At that hearing, Wegman

testified that he and Ashton had “never had a social relationship” in California “or ever.”

When asked if he ever had contact with her when she came to his home, Wegman

responded, “Only to tell her to leave * * * and not come back.” Wegman presented

photos of the items he had received from Ashton. He stated that he signed for a package

from Ashton on May 2, 2018; it contained a silver card with Ashton’s contact information.

Wegman testified that on one occasion he yelled at Ashton through his door, telling her,

“You need to leave.”     He stated that the package he received on January 9, 2019
                                                                                        -4-

contained a note that stated:

             Dear Dan, please find the enclosed Christmas card from 2018 and

      the following baked goods: two pounds chocolate fudge, two dozen

      Buckeyes * * *. Please accept this gift from me. We can start over or pick

      up where we left off or both. You may chose. You have freedom. Please

      do contact me. Call or text is okay or email. Thank you. I remember.

      Okay? At least give me permission to contact you. I can explain, though

      I think, by now, you may know more than you did a few years ago.

             Sincerely, Sarah

      {¶ 7} Wegman again testified that Ashton came to his home twice on Christmas

Day 2018, and he did not answer the door. Ashton also came to his door on November

21, 2018; he opened the door and asked her why she was there. Ashton said she

wanted to wish him a happy Thanksgiving, and he turned around and closed the door

without responding to her, because he “didn’t want to talk to her.” Wegman stated that

Ashton was carrying something he assumed to be “cookies or something.” He testified

that, on March 11, 2018, when he yelled to Ashton through his door to leave, he “couldn’t

hear her voice” but saw her throw her hands up, and then she left.

      {¶ 8} On cross-examination, Wegman acknowledged that no protection order was

in place on the above dates. Wegman testified that he thought he “was being harassed”

but that maybe Ashton would stop that behavior. However, when it “escalated to things

being sent * * * in the mail and delivered to [his] house,” he started to get nervous about

what might be next. When asked if Ashton ever caused him physical harm, threatened

him with physical harm, called him names, or swore at him, Wegman responded, “No. I
                                                                                      -5-

limited our conversation to avoid that.” Wegman also testified that, although the record

from the ex parte hearing indicated that he responded “Okay” to Ashton at Thanksgiving

before closing the door, in fact he “didn’t make a comment,” but it was “essentially true

that [he] ignored what she said and closed the door.”

      {¶ 9} After cross-examination, Ashton’s attorney moved for dismissal, asserting

that Wegman had “testified to no mental distress” and that the incidents he described

were “certainly benign” and “wouldn’t cause a normal person any degree of distress.”

The court took the matter under advisement.

      {¶ 10} The trial court’s order granting the CSPO found: “After the expiration of a

prior order, respondent began engaging in the same behavior, showing up at petitioner’s

home, mailing him cards, letters and gifts. This transpired [between] May 2018 and Jan

2019. See, Sweet v. Hunt, 2014 Ohio 631* * *.”

      {¶ 11} On April 11, 2019, Ashton requested findings of fact and conclusions of law.

On April 15, 2019, Ashton filed eight objections, and she later supplemented her

objections.

      {¶ 12} On July 29, 2019, the trial court overruled Ashton’s request for findings of

fact and conclusions of law, and on September 27, 2019, the court overruled Ashton’s

objections. The court “fully agree[d]” with the magistrate’s conclusion that Wegman had

proved by a preponderance of the evidence that Ashton had “engaged in conduct

constituting menacing by stalking.” The court noted that Wegman testified about multiple

instances in which Ashton had appeared at his home uninvited and/or contacted him via

email during 2018 and 2019. The court found that, although there were periods of time

during which Ashton did not contact Wegman, “in considering the evidence in the context
                                                                                          -6-

of all circumstances of this matter, * * * the incidents were closely related in time,” and

Wegman established by a preponderance of the evidence that Ashton had engaged in “a

pattern of conduct involving two or more incidents closely related in time.”1

       {¶ 13} The court further found that Ashton acted knowingly to cause Wegman

mental distress. Although the court noted that it could not take judicial notice of the prior

proceedings between these parties, it found that the record in this matter indicated that

Wegman had previously filed a CSPO petition against Ashton, which had been resolved

by a consent agreement. The court noted that Wegman testified about a prior consent

order and that Ashton had violated it three times. The court concluded that, “[b]ased

upon the prior filing of a CSPO petition, combined with Mr. Wegman’s refusal to speak

with Ms. Ashton despite her numerous attempts to communicate with him, it is clear that

Ms. Ashton had an awareness that Mr. Wegman wanted no further contact with her.”

The court further found that Ashton’s behavior appeared to have escalated over time, as

she continued to appear at Wegman’s home and send him letters and packages even

after he told her that she needed to leave and that he did not want any further contact

with her. The court cited Taylor v. Taylor, 2d Dist. Miami No. 2012-CA-14, 2012-Ohio-

6190, ¶ 19, in support of its findings.

       {¶ 14} The Court rejected Ashton’s objection to the magistrate’s finding that she

“began engaging in the same behavior” of showing up at Wegman’s home, mailing him

1
  In a footnote, the court addressed Ashton’s assertion that Wegman had testified
inconsistently: at the ex parte hearing, he testified that he said “Okay” to Ashton prior to
closing the door when she wished him happy Thanksgiving, but at the final hearing he
testified that he had not spoken to her at all before closing the door. The court cited
Wegman’s testimony about the encounter at the full hearing and determined that his
testimony was “consistent.”
                                                                                          -7-

cards, letters and gifts “[a]fter the expiration of a prior order.” The court noted that the

magistrate did not specifically state that the contact occurred “immediately” following the

expiration of the prior order and that, although it was unclear when the prior order expired,

Ashton’s conduct in 2018 and 2019 clearly occurred after the expiration of the prior

consent order. Thus, the court found that the magistrate’s finding accurately described

what had occurred and that Ashton’s objection was without merit.

       {¶ 15} The court continued its analysis as follows:

              Lastly, the Court finds that Mr. Wegman established by a

       preponderance of the evidence that Ms. Ashton knowingly acted to cause

       him mental distress. During the ex parte hearing, Mr. Wegman testified

       that Ms. Ashton began stalking him nearly five years prior and that he had

       previously filed a CSPO Petition and obtained a consent order limiting

       contact between them. * * * During the full hearing, Mr. Wegman testified

       that he was “harassed” by Ms. Ashton’s repeated visits and that he “thought

       maybe she would stop that behavior. But when it escalated to things being

       sent to me in the mail and delivered to my house, that’s when I started to

       get a little nervous about what might be next.” * * * When asked if Ms.

       Ashton threatened him, called him names, or cursed at him, Mr. Wegman

       testified that he “limited [the] conversation to avoid that.” Upon review, the

       Court finds that the “stress brought on by [Ashton’s] repeated stalking and

       unwanted attention would normally require mental health services and/or

       psychological treatment” and thus constitutes mental distress under R.C.

       2903.211(D)(2)(b). * * * Mr. Wegman is not required to show that he
                                                                                         -8-

       received any treatment for his mental distress. * * * Given that Ms. Ashton

       appeared at Mr. Wegman’s home on multiple occasions unannounced and

       uninvited, and given that her apparent escalation in behavior scared Mr.

       Wegman, the Court finds that Mr. Wegman’s testimony was sufficient to

       support a finding that Ms. Ashton engaged in conduct that knowingly caused

       him mental distress. * * *

              Therefore, Mr. Wegman demonstrated by a preponderance of the

       evidence that Ms. Ashton knowingly engaged in a pattern of conduct that

       caused him to believe that she would cause him mental distress. Pursuant

       to Civ.R. 65.1(F)(3)(d)(iii), Ms. Ashton has not met her burden of showing

       that the credible evidence of record is insufficient to support the granting of

       the protection order, and the Court finds that the Magistrate properly

       granted Mr. Wegman’s CSPO Petition. * * *

       {¶ 16} On appeal, Ashton asserts two assignments of error which we will consider

together. (We note that Wegman did not file a responsive brief.) Ashton’s assigned

errors are as follows:

              THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN ADOPTING

       THE FINDING OF FACT OF THE MAGISTRATE THAT “[A]FTER THE

       EXPIRATION OF A PRIOR ORDER, RESPONDENT BEGAN ENGAGING

       IN THE SAME BEHAVIOR SHOWING UP AT THE PETITIONER’S HOME,

       MAILING HIM CARDS, LETTERS, AND GIFTS.”

              THE TRIAL COURT FURTHER ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY

       GRANTING WEGMAN’S PETITION FOR CIVIL PROTECTION ORDER
                                                                                            -9-

       BECAUSE WEGMAN DID NOT PROVE BY A PREPONDERANCE OF

       THE EVIDENCE THAT ASHTON KNOWINGLY ENGAGED IN A

       PATTERN OF CONDUCT THAT CAUSED WEGMAN TO BELIEVE THAT

       ASHTON WOULD CAUSE HIM PHYSICAL HARM OR MENTAL

       DISTRESS.

       {¶ 17} In her first assignment of error, Ashton asserts that Wegman did not prove

his case by a preponderance of the evidence and therefore it was an abuse of discretion

for the trial court to grant his petition. Specifically, Ashton asserts that the “expired

protection order was a consent agreement” which contained no findings of fact, and

therefore the magistrate erred in finding that she began engaging “in the same behavior”

after the expiration of the prior order; she contends that, without a findings of facts, it was

impossible for the magistrate “to legally come to that conclusion.”

       {¶ 18} In her second assignment of error, Ashton asserts that Wegman “did not

prove [her] conduct caused him physical harm or mental distress.” She argues:

              According to Wegman, Ashton’s conduct was limited to benign

       behaviors i.e. to knocking on the door of his home on March 11, 2018,

       sending him a card with her email address and phone number on it on May

       2, 2018, visiting his home on or about Thanksgiving 2018, knocking on his

       door, and wishing him a happy Thanksgiving, knocking on the door twice

       on Christmas day 2018, but having no contact with Wegman, and sending

       him a package with Christmas cookies and candy and a note * * * [on

       January 9, 2019].

       {¶ 19} According to Ashton, Wegman admitted that Ashton did not “cause him
                                                                                          -10-

physical harm or threaten him with physical harm,” and “even though Wegman bore the

burden of proof, he did not testify to any mental illness or condition that involve[d] some

temporary substantial incapacity or mental illness or condition that would normally require

psychiatric condition [sic] whether or not that person actually sought said treatment.”

Ashton argues that Wegman did not testify to any “fear, anxiety, or emotional upset from

these incidents whatsoever” and did not present witnesses to testify to his mental distress;

as such, the record was “simply devoid of any mention of mental distress on the part of

Wegman.”

       {¶ 20} Ashton directs our attention to Kinderdine v. Gilreath, 2d Dist. Miami No.

03CA36, 2004-Ohio-868, and argues that “while the Second District does not require the

mental distress to always be incapacitating or debilitating, the petitioner still must suffer

some mental distress and it must be more than mere anxiety.” Ashton asserts that a trial

court should not “find [that] mental distress has been caused merely because the

petitioner complains about the respondent’s conduct.”

       {¶ 21} Ashton contends that this case is distinct from Sweet v. Hunt, 2d Dist

Greene No. 2013-CA-37, 2014-Ohio-631, and Taylor v. Taylor, 2d Dist. Miami No. 2012-

CA-14, 2012-Ohio-6190, in that she and Wegman “never had a social relationship,” the

prior protection order was based on a consent agreement with no finding of facts, and

when she appeared at Wegman’s home “more than 2 years after the expiration of the

consent agreement,” she did not refuse to leave, peer in a window, or cause Wegman to

call the police. Ashton argues that she “only asked permission to contact him.” She

also points out that the incidents in question “were separated by months, not days or

weeks,” and the CSPO statute “was never meant to forbid all benign contact between
                                                                                         -11-

parties that one party may not like as in this case.”

       {¶ 22} Ashton directs our attention to Howard v. Wilson, 186 Ohio App.3d 521,

2010-Ohio-1125, 928 N.E.2d 1180 (2d Dist.), and she asserts that, in that case, the

respondent “had a logical explanation” and “acted out of concern for his children and not

to menace the petitioner.” Ashton analogizes this case, asserting her “conduct had a

logical reason i.e. she wanted to renew an acquaintance to discuss an event in the past.

* * * Her contact with Wegman was not a pattern and wouldn’t cause anybody physical

harm or mental distress.”       Ashton characterizes the incidents of which Wegman

complained as “friendly,” with “very limited interaction, if any, between the parties.”

Finally, Ashton argues that her actions did not constitute a pattern of conduct “as they

were isolated incidents and not closely related in time.”

       {¶ 23} In Sweet, this Court noted:

              To grant a CSPO, the trial court was required to find, by a

       preponderance     of   the   evidence,   that    [respondent]   violated   R.C.

       2903.211(A)(1), which provides: “No person by engaging in a pattern of

       conduct shall knowingly cause another person to believe that the offender

       will cause physical harm to the other person or cause mental distress to the

       other person.” A “pattern of conduct” requires two or more actions closely

       related in time. R.C. 2903.211(D)(1). “In determining what constitutes a

       pattern of conduct, courts must take every action of the respondent into

       consideration, even if some of the actions in isolation do not seem

       particularly threatening.”   Lewis v. Jacobs, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.

       25566, 2013-Ohio-3461, ¶ 10. “A person acts knowingly, regardless of his
                                                                                            -12-

       purpose, when he is aware that his conduct will probably cause a certain

       result or will probably be of a certain nature. A person has knowledge of

       circumstances when he is aware that such circumstances probably exist.”

       R.C. 2901.22(B). * * * “Mental distress” means a mental illness or condition

       “that involves some temporary substantial incapacity” or “that would

       normally require psychiatric treatment, psychological treatment, or other

       mental health services, whether or not any person requested or received

       psychiatric treatment, psychological treatment, or other mental health

       services.” R.C. 2903.211(D)(2).

              The mental distress required for a menacing-by-stalking violation

       need not always be incapacitating or debilitating. Taylor v. Taylor, 2d Dist.

       Miami No. 2012-CA-14, 2012-Ohio-6190, ¶ 16; see also Howard v. Wilson,

       186 Ohio App.3d 521, 2010-Ohio-1125, 928 N.E.2d 1180, ¶ 11 (2d Dist.).

       “It is the duty of the trier of fact to determine whether a victim suffered mental

       distress as a result of the offender's actions.”          Id.   “In making this

       determination, the trial court ‘may rely on its knowledge and experience in

       determining whether mental distress has been caused.’ “ Id., quoting Smith

       v. Wunsch, 162 Ohio App.3d 21, 2005-Ohio-3498, 832 N.E.2d 757, ¶ 18

       (4th Dist.). This court has applied an abuse-of-discretion standard to a trial

       court's decision whether to grant a civil protection order. See, e.g., Walker

       v. Edgington, 2d Dist. Clark No. 07-CA-75, 2008-Ohio-3478, ¶ 24; Bryant v.

       Spear-Hardy, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23449, 2010-Ohio-1903, ¶ 23.

Id. at ¶ 13-14.
                                                                                       -13-

       {¶ 24} This Court has noted:

              * * * “ ‘Abuse of discretion’ has been defined as an attitude that is

       unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. (Internal citation omitted). It is

       to be expected that most instances of abuse of discretion will result in

       decisions that are simply unreasonable, rather than decisions that are

       unconscionable or arbitrary. A decision is unreasonable if there is no sound

       reasoning process that would support that decision. It is not enough that

       the reviewing court, were it deciding the issue de novo, would not have

       found that reasoning process to be persuasive, perhaps in view of

       countervailing reasoning processes that would support a contrary result.”

       AAAA Ents., Inc. v. River Place Community Redevelopment, 50 Ohio St.3d

       157, 161, 553 N.E.2d 597 (1990).

Tax Ease Ohio LLC v. Jones, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27687, 2017-Ohio-9053, ¶ 4.

       {¶ 25} We initially note that while Ashton specifically acknowledges the prior

consent decree, it is not part of our record.     Consent decrees are used to resolve

disputes between parties, and we can infer from its existence, along with Wegman’s

testimony that Ashton violated the decree three times, that Ashton has a history of

unwanted contact with Wegman beyond this case. The magistrate merely noted in the

factual finding that Ashton was again engaging or attempting to engage with Wegman

against his wishes by means of mailing him cards, letters, and gifts, as Wegman testified.

We agree with the trial court that this finding was accurate. Ashton’s first assignment of

error lacks merit and is overruled.

       {¶ 26} Regarding Ashton’s second assignment of error, we note that in Sweet,
                                                                                       -14-

this Court reviewed the following evidence, concluding that it was sufficient to establish

that the respondent had engaged in menacing by stalking:

             * * * Sweet testified that she met Hunt [the respondent] while she was

      working at Walmart. He frequented the store as a customer, and they

      became friends. (Full Hearing Tr. at 5-6). A dating relationship developed in

      the summer of 2012. (Id. at 6).      Sweet tried to end the relationship in

      January 2013, and Hunt did “a few things” that “scared” her. (Id. at 7).

      Shortly after they broke up, he “showed up at [her] doorstep” around 2:00

      a.m. Sweet worked third shift and had left early that night. (Id.). Upon

      seeing Hunt at her back door, she cursed and asked what he was doing

      there. He responded that he wanted to talk, and she refused. (Id.).

             Hunt showed up at Sweet's house again on February 2, 2013. (Id. at

      8). On that occasion, he approached her back door and began peering

      through her window. Hunt was talking to Sweet on a cell phone at the time,

      and he told her he could see into her house. (Id.). Sweet told Hunt to leave.

      He refused and indicated that he wanted to talk. (Id.). Sweet declined and

      called 911. Before the police could respond, Sweet's son arrived and told

      Hunt to leave. (Id. at 10). Hunt again refused. (Id .). Police then responded

      while Hunt was there. After speaking to the police, Hunt left. (Id. at 9).

      Minutes later, Sweet began receiving calls from Hunt's cell phone “over and

      over and over and over again[.]” (Id. at 9, 12). While receiving the calls,

      Sweet dialed 911 again and asked what she should do. (Id. at 15). After

      Sweet had received between ten and fifteen calls, her son answered the
                                                                                   -15-

phone and advised Hunt to stop. (Id. at 14). A police officer then returned

to Sweet's house. The officer called Hunt and told him again not to contact

Sweet. (Id. at 15). The following morning, however, Hunt approached Sweet

while she was working at Walmart and asked her, “Is this too close?” (Id. at

16). Hunt also called Sweet two more times shortly after February 2, 2013,

trying to talk her into not breaking up. (Id. at 19-20). Sweet stated that,

based on what had occurred, Hunt “scare[d]” her. (Id. at 23). Sweet also

recalled an incident during their relationship when Hunt showed up with

ropes and said he was going to tie her up. (Id. at 23–24). She thought this

“was really a serious problem” in addition to Hunt “looking through [her]

window and popping up at strange hours, trying to convince [her] to stay

with him[.]” (Id. at 24).

       On cross examination, Sweet agreed that Hunt never harmed her

physically. (Id. at 39). When asked whether he had threatened to harm her

physically, she responded that it was “more mentally.” (Id.). With regard

to the ropes she had mentioned, Sweet stated that they were not part of the

parties' physical relationship and that Hunt never had tried to tie her up. (Id.

at 41). She added, however, that she had hidden the ropes from Hunt when

he went to the bathroom. (Id. at 41-42). Sweet then acknowledged that

she had not seen any doctor, psychiatrist, or psychologist as a result of

Hunt's actions. (Id. at 45). She did testify, however, about becoming “very

emotionally upset” because Hunt “would not take no for an answer” after

she terminated the relationship. (Id. at 32).
                                                                                        -16-

Id. at ¶ 16-18.

       {¶ 27} Although some of the facts differ (e.g., Ashton did not peer into Wegman’s

window, and Wegman did not contact law enforcement), we conclude that, as in Sweet,

Ashton refused repeatedly to accept that Wegman wanted no contact with her. Further,

as in Taylor, where petitioner’s mother repeatedly emailed and visited petitioner over a

period of years against his wishes, we conclude that Ashton’s ongoing stalking of

Wegman had “gone beyond benign contact.” Id. at ¶ 19. Wegman testified that his only

direct interaction with Ashton was to tell her to leave and not come back, and we find that

the incidents Wegman described were not as “friendly” as Ashton asserted. We further

find that under these circumstances, Ashton’s appearing uninvited not once but twice on

Christmas Day was especially intrusive.

       {¶ 28} While Ashton asserts that her conduct “had a logical reason,” namely for

her to renew her acquaintance with Wegman, we disagree. In Howard v. Wilson, 186

Ohio App.3d 521, 2010-Ohio-1125, 928 N.E.2d 1180, ¶ 11 (2d Dist.), this Court

concluded:

              The evidence shows that Wilson [respondent] acted out of concern

       for his children and not to menace Howard [petitioner] by stalking him. In

       other words, as the trial court noted, Wilson's behavior has a logical

       explanation. Wilson alerted the police after his daughter told him about

       cameras being installed in the home, and he contacted the police for their

       support and to make a record of the visitation exchanges.           Howard

       indicated the calls to police are “not a threat to me.” Regarding Howard's

       concerns about Wilson waiting in his car outside his home for over 30
                                                                                         -17-

       minutes, Howard indicated he did not pay attention to him, belying his claim

       that he felt threatened by his presence. Howard further indicated that he

       had not spoken with Wilson for months, and Wilson's physical condition

       belies Howard's assertion that he tried to taunt Howard into a fight as found

       by the lower court.

Id. at ¶ 22.

       {¶ 29} As early as March 11, 2018, Wegman yelled to Ashton through his door,

“You need to leave,” and, as the trial court determined, Ashton knew that Wegman did

not want any contact with her. Far from there being a logical explanation for Ashton’s

conduct, Wegman testified that he was familiar with Ashton’s “behavior pattern,” that he

“was being harassed” by her, that she had pestered him over time, that her behavior

“escalated,” and that he was alarmed about what she might do next.

       {¶ 30} Finally, we conclude that Ashton’s reliance upon Kinderdine, 2d Dist. Miami

No. 03CA36, 2004-Ohio-868, is misplaced. In that case, a husband sought a protection

order against his wife’s former husband after “friction developed between Kinderdine

[respondent] and the Gilreaths [petitioner and his wife] arising from issues concerning

custody and visitation.” Id. at ¶ 3. The petition was dismissed because the trial court

rejected petitioner’s “mental distress” claim on a finding that, notwithstanding

respondent’s conduct, “mental distress as R.C. 2903.211(D)(2) defines it was not shown.”

Id. at ¶ 11. Respondent’s former wife testified that she had been taking the prescription

drug Paxil “for several years to treat the anxieties that [respondent’s] behavior had caused

her.” On appeal, we held that “[a]n anxiety is not a ‘substantial incapacity,’ and neither

would it ‘normally require psychiatric treatment.’ ” Id. We further noted that “[a]t most,
                                                                                         -18-

[respondent’s actions] [were] the product of ongoing frictions and hostilities, many of them

created by [petitioner] himself, which portray anger and frustration, but without the

prospect that physical harm will be inflicted.” Id. at ¶ 13.

       {¶ 31} Wegman testified that he and Ashton never had a social relationship, and

unlike in Kinderdine, there was no ongoing relationship between him and Ashton.

Wegman did nothing to give rise to Ashton’s unwanted attention, and we agree with the

trial court that her ongoing unwanted contacts might normally require mental health

services. This is especially so since Ashton had already been a party to the consent

decree and violated it. Wegman did not merely “complain” about Ashton’s conduct, as

she suggests; he sought a second order of protection. Taking each of Ashton’s actions

into consideration, we conclude that a pattern of escalating conduct was demonstrated,

even if the actions taken in isolation did not seem particularly threatening. As noted

above, Wegman’s mental distress did not have to be incapacitating or debilitating.

       {¶ 32} Based upon the foregoing, we conclude that Wegman proved by a

preponderance of the evidence that Ashton engaged in menacing by stalking. Since an

abuse of discretion is not demonstrated, Ashton’s second assignment of error is

overruled.

       {¶ 33} Having overruled both of Ashton’s assigned errors, the judgment of the trial

court is affirmed.

                                       ...........

TUCKER, P.J. and FROELICH, J., concur.
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Copies sent to:

Daniel Wegman
Pamela L. Pinchot
Hon. Mary L. Wiseman