Court Opinion

ID: 2795724
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-04-22 15:03:20.645193+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:29:15.186446
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
                                                                       Apr 22 2015, 9:52 am
      Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
      Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
      precedent or cited before any court except for the
      purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
      collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

      ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS                                   ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
      David A. Wilson                                           Richard R. Skiles
      Walter J. Alvarez, P.C.                                   Skiles Detrude
      Crown Point, Indiana                                      Indianapolis, Indiana

                                                   IN THE
          COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

      Cindy Brothers, As Personal                               April 22, 2015
      Representative of the Estate of                           Court of Appeals Case No.
      Kristopher Stately, Deceased,                             37A03-1410-CT-347
      Alicia Arnold and Tiffany                                 Appeal from the Jasper Circuit
      Arnold,                                                   Court.
                                                                The Honorable John D. Potter,
      Appellants-Plaintiffs,                                    Judge.
                                                                Cause Nos. 37C01-1109-CT-757,
              v.                                                37C01-1308-CT-583

      Lake Holiday Enterprises, Inc.,
      Appellee-Defendant.

      Barteau, Senior Judge

                                       Statement of the Case
[1]   Cindy Brothers (“Brothers”), as personal representative of the Estate of

      Kristopher Stately (“Stately”) (collectively, “the Estate”), Alicia Arnold

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015    Page 1 of 17
      (“Alicia”), and Tiffany Arnold (“Tiffany”), appeal from the trial court’s order

      granting summary judgment in favor of Lake Holiday Enterprises, Inc. (“Lake

      Holiday”), in consolidated actions brought by them against Lake Holiday. We

      reverse and remand.

                                                        Issues     1

[2]   The Estate, Alicia, and Tiffany raise the following issues for our review:

               I.       Whether the Indiana Recreational Use Statute applies to
                        the facts of this case.
               II.      Whether a landowner’s own negligence removes the case
                        from the application of the Indiana Recreational Use
                        Statute.
               III.     Whether there is a genuine issue of material fact about
                        Stately’s status on Lake Holiday’s premises.
[3]   Lake Holiday presents the following cross-appeal issue:

               IV.      Whether Brothers is a statutory beneficiary of the wrongful
                        death claim.

                                 Facts and Procedural History
[4]   The materials designated for summary judgment establish that on August 8,

      2011, twenty-three-year-old Stately drowned in a lake located on property

      known as Lake Holiday Campground, property at the time operated by Lake

      1
       The Estate, Alicia, and Tiffany also present an argument about the appropriate duty of care owed to a
      public invitee or licensee. Since the appropriate analysis of the duty of care hinges on the status of the
      decedent, we do not address that issue here.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015                Page 2 of 17
      Holiday. Cindy Brothers, Stately’s mother, as personal representative of his

      estate, filed a complaint alleging wrongful death against Lake Holiday.

      Stately’s sisters, Alicia and Tiffany, filed a separate complaint against Lake

      Holiday arising from the drowning, alleging negligence and seeking damages

      for mental anguish and emotional distress from witnessing Stately’s death.

      Ultimately, the two causes of action were consolidated.

[5]   James Rose was the president of Lake Holiday Campground (“LHC”) at the

      relevant time period. In his deposition, which was designated to the trial court

      for purposes of summary judgment, he stated that “[t]he campground is private

      property consisting of 674 lots available for purchase or lease as well as

      common areas, which include the subject lake.” Appellants’ Appendix p. 34.

      He further stated that “[t]he amenities at the campground are not open to the

      general public for free.” Id. The campground, including the lake, is only

      available to lot owners and paying guests. Id.

[6]   He further stated that there is a registration desk, or kiosk, located at the

      entrance to the property. Id. The lake also has a water slide with an attendant

      stationed there, who is not a life guard. Id. If a guest wishes to use the water

      slide, the guest must go to the convenience store, or gift shop, to pay an

      additional fee and receive a hand stamp. Id. Guests are only allowed to use the

      water slide upon showing the appropriate hand stamp to the water slide

      attendant. Id. at 35.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 3 of 17
[7]   Stately, his brothers, Richard and Colby, and their sister, Amber Mileski, went

      to LHC to swim. They did not own or rent property at the campground.

      However, Amber had been to the campground numerous times because her

      friend, Hailey Ketchum, lived there. On August 8, 2011, Amber’s name was on

      the guest list, because Hailey’s mother, Vicki, an owner of a lot there, had

      placed her name on the guest list. Stately, Richard, and Colby’s names were

      not on the guest list.

[8]   When Amber, Stately, Richard, and Colby arrived at the registration building,

      or kiosk, they found it unmanned. In his affidavit, Rose stated that the

      registration desk is manned twenty-four hours a day, with exceptions for

      bathroom breaks for the attendants. Id. at 34. After waiting for some time

      without encountering an attendant, the group proceeded onto the property.

      Although there is conflicting testimony about whether the group first went to

      the water slide or the gift shop, Amber paid the fee at the gift shop for the group

      to proceed to use the water slide, and they each received hand stamps.

[9]   Near the water slide area on the lake there is a man-made beach area. Id. at 35.

      The group used the water slide and then went to the beach area, at the

      southwest corner of the lake. Once there, the group decided to swim across the

      lake. After Richard and Amber crossed the lake, they noticed that Colby and

      Stately remained in the lake approximately thirty yards away going up and

      down in the water. Stately called out for help after becoming entangled in some

      vegetation in the lake. Despite efforts by Colby and Richard to assist Stately, he

      drowned in the lake.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 4 of 17
[10]   Stately’s relatives arrived after he had been underwater for what Richard

       described as “an hour, hour and a half.” Id. at 61-62. Prior to the extrication of

       Stately’s body from the lake, Tiffany and Alicia, Stately’s sisters, arrived at the

       lake. After Tiffany arrived, she observed divers bringing Stately’s body out of

       the lake in a body bag. She also observed that there was a “bunch of kelp”

       around Stately’s feet. Id. at 204. After Amber arrived, she stood near the lake,

       and after waiting approximately twenty minutes, observed the divers bring

       Stately’s body out of the water. Her boyfriend turned her around, presumably

       in an effort to prevent her from seeing Stately’s body. Alicia observed

       responding medical personnel unsuccessfully attempt to revive Stately. Id. at

       213.

[11]   Lake Holiday filed a motion for summary judgment, designation of evidence,

       and supporting brief on April 14, 2014. The trial court granted Lake Holiday’s

       motion on July 23, 2014. Lake Holiday filed a motion to correct error and the

       plaintiffs were allowed to join Lake Holiday’s motion. Lake Holiday’s motion

       sought to have the trial court issue an order reflecting that the causes of action

       had been consolidated and that the trial court’s order granting summary

       judgment in favor of Lake Holiday was a final, appealable order. The trial

       court entered an order on September 4, 2014, declaring its order granting

       summary judgment in favor of Lake Holiday a final and appealable judgment.

       The trial court issued another order on September 8, 2014, granting the motion

       to correct error, granting the plaintiffs’ request to join in that motion, and

       stating that the trial court’s order granting full summary judgment to Lake

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 5 of 17
       Holiday was a final and appealable judgment. The Estate, Alicia, and Tiffany

       now appeal. Additional facts will be set forth as necessary.

                                    Discussion and Decision
                                          Standard of Review
[12]   The Estate, Alicia, and Tiffany appeal from the trial court’s order granting

       summary judgment in favor of Lake Holiday. The appropriate standard of

       appellate review has been set forth by the Supreme Court as follows:

               We review summary judgment de novo, applying the same
               standard as the trial court: “Drawing all reasonable inferences in
               favor of . . . the non-moving parties, summary judgment is
               appropriate ‘if the designated evidentiary matter shows that there
               is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving
               party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.’ “A fact is
               ‘material’ if its resolution would affect the outcome of the case,
               and an issue is ‘genuine’ if a trier of fact is required to resolve the
               parties’ differing accounts of the truth, or if the undisputed
               material facts support conflicting reasonable inferences.”
               The initial burden is on the summary-judgment movant to
               “demonstrate[ ] the absence of any genuine issue of fact as to a
               determinative issue,” at which point the burden shifts to the non-
               movant to “come forward with contrary evidence” showing an
               issue for the trier of fact. And “[a]lthough the non-moving party
               has the burden on appeal of persuading us that the grant of
               summary judgment was erroneous, we carefully assess the trial
               court’s decision to ensure that he was not improperly denied his
               day in court.”
               ....
               Even though Indiana Trial Rule 56 is nearly identical to Federal
               Rule of Civil Procedure 56, we have long recognized that

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 6 of 17
               “Indiana’s summary judgment procedure . . . diverges from
               federal summary judgment practice.” In particular, while federal
               practice permits the moving party to merely show that the party
               carrying the burden of proof lacks evidence on a necessary
               element, we impose a more onerous burden: to affirmatively
               “negate an opponent’s claim.” Our choice to heighten the
               summary judgment burden has been criticized because it may let
               summary judgment be precluded by as little as a non-movant’s
               “mere designation of a self-serving affidavit.”
               That observation is accurate, but using it as the basis for criticism
               overlooks the policy behind that heightened standard. Summary
               judgment “is a desirable tool to allow the trial court to dispose of
               cases where only legal issues exist.” But it is also a “blunt . . .
               instrument,” by which “the non-prevailing party is prevented
               from having his day in court[ ]”. We have therefore cautioned
               that summary judgment “is not a summary trial,”; and the Court
               of Appeals has often rightly observed that it “is not appropriate
               merely because the non-movant appears unlikely to prevail at
               trial.” In essence, Indiana consciously errs on the side of letting
               marginal cases proceed to trial on the merits, rather than risk
               short-circuiting meritorious claims.
       Hughley v. State, 15 N.E.3d 1000, 1003-04 (Ind. 2014) (citations omitted).

[13]   “On appeal, a trial court’s grant of summary judgment is ‘clothed with a

       presumption of validity.’” Rosi v. Bus. Furniture Corp., 615 N.E.2d 431, 434

       (Ind. 1993). Thus, the Estate, Alicia, and Tiffany bear the burden of convincing

       us that the trial court erred in its determination that there were no genuine

       issues of material fact and that Lake Holiday was entitled to judgment as a

       matter of law.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 7 of 17
                             I. Indiana Recreational Use Statute
[14]   Lake Holiday claims that it is immune from suit under the Indiana Recreational

       Use Statute. The Indiana Recreational Use Statute (“the IRUS”) is codified at

       Indiana Code section 14-22-10-2 (1998) and provides as follows:

               (a) As used in this section and section 2.5 of this chapter,
               “governmental entity” means any of the following:
               (1) The government of the United States of America.
               (2) The state of Indiana.
               (3) A county.
               (4) A city.
               (5) A town.
               (6) A township.
               (7) The following, if created by the Constitution of the United
               States, the Constitution of the State of Indiana, a statute, an
               ordinance, a rule, or an order:
               (A) An agency.
               (B) A board.
               (C) A commission.
               (D) A committee.
               (E) A council.
               (F) A department.
               (G) A district.
               (H) A public body corporate and politic.
               (b) As used in this section and section 2.5 of this chapter,
               “monetary consideration” means a fee or other charge for
               permission to go upon a tract of land. The term does not include:
               (1) the gratuitous sharing of game, fish, or other products of the
               recreational use of the land;
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 8 of 17
        (2) services rendered for the purpose of wildlife management; or
        (3) contributions in kind made for the purpose of wildlife
        management.
        (c) As used in this section and section 2.5 of this chapter,
        “owner” means a governmental entity or another person that:
        (1) has a fee interest in;
        (2) is a tenant, a lessee, or an occupant of; or
        (3) is in control of;
        a tract of land.
        (d) A person who goes upon or through the premises, including caves, of
        another:
        (1) with or without permission; and
        (2) either:
        (A) without the payment of monetary consideration; or
        (B) with the payment of monetary consideration directly or indirectly on
        the person's behalf by an agency of the state or federal government;
        for the purpose of swimming, camping, hiking, sightseeing, or any other
        purpose (other than the purposes described in section 2.5 of this chapter)
        does not have an assurance that the premises are safe for the purpose.
        (e) The owner of the premises does not:
        (1) assume responsibility; or
        (2) incur liability;
        for an injury to a person or property caused by an act or failure to
        act of other persons using the premises.
        (f) This section does not affect the following:
        (1) Existing Indiana case law on the liability of owners or
        possessors of premises with respect to the following:
        (A) Business invitees in commercial establishments.
        (B) Invited guests.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 9 of 17
               (2) The attractive nuisance doctrine.
               (g) This section does not excuse the owner or occupant of
               premises from liability for injury to a person or property caused
               by a malicious or an illegal act of the owner or occupant.
       (Emphasis added).

[15]   Lake Holiday argues that the IRUS applies to the property and bars recovery in

       this action. However, “[t]he purpose of the IRUS is to encourage landowners

       to open their property to the public for recreational purposes free of charge.”

       Cunningham v. Bakker Produce, Inc., 712 N.E.2d 1002, 1005 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999),

       trans. denied. “[B]y denying certain persons legal recourse for personal injury or

       property damage, [the] IRUS is in derogation of common law and must

       accordingly be strictly construed against limiting a claimant’s right to bring

       suit.” Drake by Drake v. Mitchell Comty. Schs., 649 N.E.2d 1027, 1029 (Ind.

       1995). “Absent express declaration or unmistakable implication, statutes will

       not be interpreted as changing the common law.” Id. at 1029-30.

[16]   Here, LHC was private property for which a fee was paid by non-owners and

       non-renters to enter the premises. An additional fee was paid by those wanting

       to use the water slide, and their hands were marked with a stamp to indicate

       payment of the additional fee. Stately, through his sister, paid a fee to use the

       water slide and swam in the lake. Therefore, it is apparent that the IRUS does

       not apply to this case. Since the trial court did not specifically hold as much as

       a matter of law in granting summary judgment in favor of Lake Holiday, there

       is no reversible error. However, the trial court’s judgment is not supported by

       the argument that the IRUS applies.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 10 of 17
                       II. Landowner’s Negligence and the IRUS
[17]   The Estate also argues that the IRUS does not create immunity from liability

       for Lake Holiday’s acts or failure to act. We have already concluded that the

       IRUS does not apply to the facts alleged in the complaint because a fee was

       paid to enter Lake Holiday’s private property. Even so, we briefly address the

       issue here.

[18]   Indiana Code section 14-22-10-2(e) provides that under the IRUS an owner of

       the premises at issue neither assumes responsibility, nor incurs liability for an

       injury to a person or property, caused by an act or failure to act of other persons

       using the premises. In Drake, the Supreme Court noted that “by denying certain

       persons legal recourse for personal injury or property damage, [the] IRUS is in

       derogation of common law and must accordingly be strictly construed against

       limiting a claimant’s right to bring suit.” 649 N.E.2d at 1029. “Absent express

       declaration or unmistakable implication, statutes will not be interpreted as

       changing the common law.” Id. at 1029-30. Utilizing those principles of

       statutory construction, the Supreme Court emphasized that when the IRUS

       applies to the specific circumstances of the case and the general allegations

       against the premises owner seek to impose liability for acts or the failure to act

       of others, that section creates immunity to the premises owner for the acts or

       failure to act of those others. However, the IRUS “does not create an immunity

       as to the premises owner’s own actions or failure to act.” 649 N.E.2d at 1030.

       The Estate, Tiffany and Alicia directly alleged that Lake Holiday was negligent.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 11 of 17
       Therefore, if the IRUS did apply, Lake Holiday would not be immune from

       liability for its own actions or failure to act.

[19]   Additionally, Indiana Code section 14-22-10-2(f) states that the IRUS does not

       affect existing Indiana case law on the liability of owners or possessors of

       premises with respect to business invitees in commercial establishments, invited

       guests, or in situations implicating the attractive nuisance doctrine. As a result,

       since the allegations at issue here involve Lake Holiday’s own acts or failure to

       act, then common law premises liability principles apply. If the IRUS were

       applicable to the circumstances, it would not affect Lake Holiday’s liability if

       the attractive nuisance doctrine applied, or if Stately’s status on the premises

       was as a business invitee or an invited guest.

                                       III. Status of Decedent
[20]   The Estate’s and Alicia and Tiffany’s lawsuits are based on the theory that Lake

       Holiday owed a duty of care to Stately, which was violated by failing to keep

       the lake in a reasonably safe condition, negligently failing to cure any known

       hazardous conditions, and negligently failing to warn invitees of any known

       hazardous conditions.

[21]   “Wrongful death actions are purely statutory.” Estate of Sears ex rel. Sears v.

       Griffin, 771 N.E.2d 1136, 1138 (Ind. 2002). “At common law, there was no tort

       liability for killing another because personal injury actions did not survive the

       injured party’s death.” Id. The Wrongful Death Act, Indiana Code section 34-

       23-1-1 (1998), provides in relevant part that:

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 12 of 17
               When the death of one is caused by the wrongful act or omission
               of another, the personal representative of the former may
               maintain an action therefor against the latter, if the former might
               have maintained an action had he or she, as the case may be,
               lived, against the latter for an injury for the same act or omission.
               When the death of one is caused by the wrongful act or omission
               of another, the action shall be commenced by the personal
               representative of the decedent within two (2) years, and the
               damages shall be in such an amount as may be determined by the
               court or jury, including, but not limited to, reasonable medical,
               hospital, funeral and burial expenses, and lost earnings of such
               deceased person resulting from said wrongful act or omission.
               That part of the damages which is recovered for reasonable
               medical, hospital, funeral and burial expense shall inure to the
               exclusive benefit of the decedent’s estate for the payment thereof.
               The remainder of the damages, if any, shall, subject to the
               provisions of this article, inure to the exclusive benefit of the
               widow or widower, as the case may be, and to the dependent
               children, if any, or dependent next of kin, to be distributed in the
               same manner as the personal property of the deceased.
[22]   “Because wrongful death actions are in derogation of common law, the statute

       creating this right of action must be strictly construed.” Wolf v. Boren, 685

       N.E.2d 86, 88 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997), trans. denied. “Therefore, only those

       damages prescribed by statute may be recovered.” Id.

[23]   “A landowner’s liability to persons on the premises generally depends on the

       person’s status as a trespasser, licensee, or invitee.” Androusky v. Walter, 970

       N.E.2d 687, 691 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). “While the determination of the duty

       owed by a landowner is ordinarily a question of law for the court to decide, ‘it

       may turn on factual issues that must be resolved by the trier of fact.’” Id.

       (quoting Kopczynski v. Barger, 887 N.E.2d 928, 931 (Ind. 2008)).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 13 of 17
[24]   In Burrell v. Meads, 569 N.E.2d 637 (Ind. 1991), our Supreme Court examined

       premises liability law and the various statuses and corresponding duties in order

       to resolve the question of what duty a landowner owes to a social guest on his

       premises. “[A] landowner owes a trespasser the duty to refrain from willfully or

       wantonly (intentionally) injuring him after discovering his presence.” Id. at

       639. “[A]n Indiana landowner owes a licensee the duty to refrain from willfully

       or wantonly injuring him or acting in a manner to increase his peril.” Id. Next,

       “a landowner owes the highest duty to an invitee: a duty to exercise reasonable

       care for his protection while he is on the landowner’s premises.” Id.; see also,

       Restatement (Second) of Torts § 343 (1965).

[25]   Regarding a person’s status, “[l]icensees and trespassers are those who enter

       premises for their own convenience, curiosity, or entertainment.” 569 N.E.2d

       at 640. “Both groups take the premises as they find them.” Id. “Unlike

       trespassers, however, licensees have a license to use the land. In other words,

       licensees are privileged to enter or remain on the land by virtue of the owner’s

       or occupier’s permission or suffrance.” Id. Recognizing that various cases had

       mingled the analyses used to determine who was an invitee, the Supreme Court

       announced that it was adopting the invitation test, not the economic benefit

       test, and declared that “at least those persons described in the Restatement

       (Second) of Torts § 332 qualify as invitees[.]” Id. at 642. The Court held that

       “social guests are invitees . . . entitled to a duty of reasonable care from

       landowners as that duty is defined in Restatement (Second) of Torts § 343[.]”

       Id. at 643.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 14 of 17
[26]   Here, the parties dispute Stately’s status on Lake Holiday’s premises. Rose

       referred to Stately and the others in his group as “fence jumpers.” Appellants’

       Appendix p. 40. At the hearing on the motion for summary judgment, counsel

       for Lake Holiday argued that Stately was at best a licensee, but might be an

       invitee. Tr. p. 10. The Estate argues that Stately was an invitee, or that there is

       a genuine issue of material fact as to Stately’s status on the premises.

[27]   We agree that the determination of Stately’s status on the premises is extremely

       fact-sensitive. Because a trier of fact must determine his status, the entry of

       summary judgment was inappropriate. We remand this matter to the trial court

       for a factual determination of Stately’s status.

                                     IV. Statutory Beneficiary
[28]   Lake Holiday raises a cross-appeal issue acknowledging that Brothers is the

       personal representative of Stately’s Estate, but claiming that she is not a

       statutory beneficiary of the wrongful death claim at issue here.

[29]   After Brothers filed the complaint against Lake Holiday, Tuesday Ann Smith,

       who is not a party to the lawsuit, filed a paternity action in Lake County

       seeking to establish the paternity of her child, K.S. On July 23, 2012, the Lake

       County Court entered an order establishing that Stately was the biological

       father of K.S. The Lake County Court found that K.S. was entitled to receive

       all rights and interests in Stately’s Estate.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 15 of 17
[30]   Lake Holiday contends that although Brothers, as personal representative of

       Stately’s Estate, is entitled to prosecute the action for wrongful death, she is not

       entitled to any of the benefits of the action.

[31]   In Hosler ex rel. Hosler v. Caterpillar, Inc., 710 N.E.2d 193 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999),

       trans. denied, a panel of this Court affirmed the trial court’s dismissal of a

       wrongful death action. Almost two years after the decedent’s death, the

       decedent’s ex-wife, Vickie, the natural guardian and biological mother of the

       decedent’s surviving minor son, filed a wrongful death action as next friend of

       the minor son. 710 N.E.2d at 195. No estate had been opened, and,

       consequently, no person had been appointed personal representative of the

       estate. Id.

[32]   The defendant, Caterpillar, filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, contending

       that only the personal representative of the estate could prosecute the decedent’s

       wrongful death action, and neither Vickie nor the surviving son could prosecute

       the action. Id. Later, after a hearing was held on Caterpillar’s motion to

       dismiss, and months after the statute of limitations had run, a court in another

       county appointed Vickie personal representative of the decedent’s estate for the

       sole purpose of prosecuting the wrongful death claim. Id. The same day,

       Vickie moved to have herself added to the complaint as an additional party to

       the complaint. Id. The trial court entered final judgment, denying Vickie’s

       motion and granting Caterpillar’s motion to dismiss. Id. at 195-96.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 16 of 17
[33]   We affirmed the trial court’s decision concluding that Vickie did not file a

       wrongful death claim as the personal representative of the decedent’s death, and

       that neither Indiana Trial Rule 15(C) (relation back of amended pleadings), nor

       Indiana Trial Rule 17(A) (real party in interest) could revive the lost cause of

       action. Id. at 199.

[34]   Here, as Lake Holiday acknowledges, Brothers is prosecuting the complaint in

       her capacity as personal representative of Stately’s Estate. Whether Brothers, in

       her capacity as a surviving parent of Stately, is entitled to any of the proceeds of

       Stately’s Estate would have to be determined at the time of distribution at

       which others, including Smith on behalf of K.S., could assert their claims to the

       proceeds of Stately’s Estate.

                                                 Conclusion
[35]   In light of the foregoing, we reverse the trial court’s entry of summary judgment

       in favor of Lake Holiday and remand the matter to the trial court.

[36]   Reversed and remanded.

       Najam, J., and Robb, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 37A03-1410-CT-347 | April 22, 2015   Page 17 of 17