Court Opinion

ID: 995477
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-07-04 00:38:02.225966+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:31:41.404378
License: Public Domain

UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

RICHARD M. GIBBONS,
Petitioner-Appellant,

v.                                                             No. 97-2120

COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,
Respondent-Appellee.

ALLIED MARINE SYSTEMS,
INCORPORATED,
Petitioner-Appellant,
                                                               No. 97-2138
v.

COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,
Respondent-Appellee.

Appeals from the United States Tax Court.
(Tax Ct. Nos. 95-10509, 95-10508)

Argued: May 7, 1998

Decided: July 9, 1998

Before MURNAGHAN and WILKINS, Circuit Judges, and
BEEZER, Senior Circuit Judge of the United States
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit,
sitting by designation.

_________________________________________________________________

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

_________________________________________________________________
COUNSEL

ARGUED: Mark Edward Kellogg, KELLOGG, KREBS & MORAN,
Fairfax, Virginia, for Appellants. Laurie Allyn Snyder, Tax Division,
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington,
D.C., for Appellee. ON BRIEF: William F. Krebs, KELLOGG,
KREBS & MORAN, Fairfax, Virginia, for Appellants. Loretta C.
Argrett, Assistant Attorney General, David I. Pincus, Tax Division,
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington,
D.C., for Appellee.

_________________________________________________________________

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).

_________________________________________________________________

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

Allied Marine Systems, Inc. (Allied) and Richard M. Gibbons
appeal a decision of the United States Tax Court, challenging the
determination that they owe additional taxes and penalties attributable
to the 1988 and 1989 tax years. Finding no error, we affirm.

I.

Originally operated as a partnership in which Gibbons was a part-
ner, Allied was formed in 1986 and engaged in waterfront construc-
tion, including the erection of bulkheads, piers, and marinas. The
parties dispute whether Allied actually operated as a partnership or as
a corporation during 1986 and 1987, but agree that Allied had no tax-
able income in 1988 or 1989 from which a dividend could have been
paid. The tax court found that payments from Allied to Gibbons dur-
ing 1988 and 1989 were constructive dividends, reasoning that Gib-
bons had not shown that Allied lacked sufficient retained earnings
from which a dividend could have been paid.

                    2
In addition to his involvement with Allied, Gibbons was a partner
in Solomons Properties (Solomons). Solomons was formed pursuant
to a written partnership agreement in 1985 to purchase, develop, and
resell waterfront property in Maryland. Gibbons was responsible for
overseeing construction and lived in a residence owned by Solomons
adjacent to the property. The tax court ruled that Gibbons was not
entitled to exclude the gain from the sale of this residence as a gain
attributable to the sale of a personal residence. Furthermore, the tax
court disallowed business auto expenses Gibbons deducted from his
income and airplane expenses deducted by Allied, concluding that the
supporting documentation was inadequate.

Allied and Gibbons now appeal the decision of the tax court.

II.

Allied challenges the determination by the tax court of the amount
of business deduction allowable for airplane expenses in 1989. And,
Gibbons maintains that the tax court (1) improperly attributed con-
structive dividend income to him from Allied in 1988 and 1989;
(2) erred in disallowing his 1988 deductions for business auto
expenses, including expenses for mileage, parking, and tolls; and
(3) erred in refusing to permit him to exclude the gain he attributed
to the sale of a personal residence. Having had the benefit of oral
argument and the parties' briefs, and after careful consideration of the
record and applicable law, we cannot conclude that the factual find-
ings of the tax court are clearly erroneous. See Zfass v. Commissioner,
118 F.3d 184, 188 (4th Cir. 1997) (explaining that factual findings
made by a tax court "will be upheld unless they are clearly errone-
ous"); see also 26 U.S.C.A. § 7482(a)(1) (West Supp. 1998) (estab-
lishing that this court has "exclusive jurisdiction to review the
decisions of the Tax Court ... in the same manner and to the same
extent as decisions of the district courts in civil actions tried without
a jury").

AFFIRMED

                    3