Court Opinion

ID: 4082134
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-10-07 23:32:51.296342+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:33:17.382521
License: Public Domain

SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
           Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

664
KA 14-02271
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., CENTRA, PERADOTTO, SCONIERS, AND WHALEN, JJ.

IN THE MATTER OF BOARD OF EXAMINERS OF SEX
OFFENDERS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK,
PETITIONER-APPELLANT,

                    V                             MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

JAMES D’AGOSTINO, RESPONDENT-RESPONDENT.

WILLIAM J. FITZPATRICK, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, SYRACUSE (JAMES P. MAXWELL
OF COUNSEL), FOR PETITIONER-APPELLANT.

STUART J. LAROSE, SYRACUSE, FOR RESPONDENT-RESPONDENT.

     Appeal from a revised order of the Supreme Court, Onondaga County
(John J. Brunetti, A.J.), dated April 3, 2014. The revised order
determined that the offense of which respondent was convicted in
Cambodia was not a registerable offense pursuant to the Sex Offender
Registration Act.

     It is hereby ORDERED that the revised order so appealed from is
unanimously reversed on the law without costs and the matter is
remitted to Supreme Court, Onondaga County, for a risk level
determination in compliance with Correction Law § 168-n (3).

     Memorandum: The Board of Examiners of Sex Offenders of the State
of New York (Board) commenced this proceeding pursuant to the Sex
Offender Registration Act ([SORA] Correction Law § 168 et seq.),
seeking an order determining respondent’s risk level. The Board
appeals from a revised order determining, inter alia, that the offense
upon which respondent “was convicted in the Cambodian Court is not
registerable.” We disagree, and we therefore reverse the revised
order and remit the matter to Supreme Court for a risk level
determination in compliance with Correction Law § 168-n (3).

     The record establishes, and respondent does not contest, that he
was convicted in Cambodia of “Child Prostitution and Exploitation” and
sentenced to four years in prison in 2011. Respondent also concedes
that his conviction was affirmed on appeal in Cambodia, although his
sentence was reduced to 18 months. After respondent served that
sentence and returned to the State of New York, the Board determined
that the Cambodian offense was a registerable offense, requiring
respondent to be classified pursuant to SORA. The Board prepared a
case summary and risk assessment instrument, and recommended that
respondent be classified as a level two risk. In preparing those
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                                                         KA 14-02271

documents, the Board obtained a certificate of conviction and a
translation of the record from the Cambodian trial court proceedings,
which was provided by the Cambodian government and translated by
Interpol. Neither party disputes the accuracy of the record or the
translation.

     Respondent opposed the Board’s determination, contending that he
should not be required to register as a sex offender because the
Cambodian conviction did not comport with due process. After a
hearing, Supreme Court issued a revised decision and order, concluding
that the crime of which respondent had been convicted met the
statutory requirements of a registerable offense (see Correction Law
§ 168-a [2] [a]), but further concluding that the conviction was
obtained in violation of respondent’s right to due process because, at
trial, the victim recanted his accusations of sexual conduct. The
court concluded that the conviction was based solely upon the
testimony of a police officer to whom the victim initially reported
respondent’s sexual conduct. Based on the foregoing conclusions, the
court further concluded that respondent had not committed a
registerable offense, and declined to complete the risk level
assessment and make a risk level determination. The Board, which has
been represented throughout the proceedings by the Onondaga County
District Attorney (see Correction Law §§ 168-k [2]; 168-n [3]),
appeals.

     Initially, we reject the Board’s contention that respondent may
not challenge whether he committed a registerable offense in the
context of a SORA proceeding. To the contrary, the Court of Appeals
has unequivocally stated that a “determination by the Board . . . that
a person who committed an offense in another state must register in
New York is reviewable in a proceeding to determine the offender’s
risk level” (People v Liden, 19 NY3d 271, 273). We also reject the
Board’s contention that Liden is limited to convictions from other
states and, therefore, does not apply to the situation before us. The
Court’s determination in Liden was based on its conclusion that
judicial efficiency and “good policy” are both promoted by allowing a
challenge to the registerability of an offense in the same proceeding
in which the court determines an offender’s risk level (id. at 276),
and we conclude that those considerations apply equally to challenges
to the registerability of convictions from other countries.

     We agree, however, with the Board’s further contention that the
court erred in determining that respondent had not committed a
registrable offense. Contrary to respondent’s contention and the
court’s conclusion, respondent failed to establish that he was denied
due process by the Cambodian Court, and Supreme Court therefore erred
in determining that the Cambodian conviction did not constitute a
registerable offense for purposes of determining respondent’s risk
level classification pursuant to SORA.

     SORA imposes registration requirements on “ ‘[s]ex
offender[s],’ ” i.e., “any person who is convicted of” certain sex
offenses enumerated in the statute (Correction Law § 168-a [1]).
Respondent correctly concedes that the offense of which he was
                                 -3-                           664
                                                         KA 14-02271

convicted had all of the essential elements of a sex offense, i.e.,
patronizing a prostitute in the third degree (Penal Law § 230.04),
when the person patronized is less than 17 years old (see Correction
Law § 168-a [2] [a] [i]; [d] [i]). Respondent contends, however, that
the offense does not fall within the ambit of SORA because he was
denied due process by the Cambodian Court. Even assuming, arguendo,
that respondent was required to establish by a mere preponderance of
the evidence that the offense is not registerable (see generally
People v Gillotti, 23 NY3d 841, 861-862), we conclude that he failed
to meet that burden because he failed to establish that he was denied
due process.

     Initially, we note that the Board submitted the transcript of the
trial in Cambodia, and the parties agree that respondent appealed his
conviction in that country. Respondent failed to submit any evidence
establishing the result of that appeal other than a reduction of his
sentence, however, and thus he failed to establish that he was denied
due process. Furthermore, respondent also failed to submit any
evidence regarding whether he had, or exercised, the right to pursue a
further appeal. Inasmuch as it appears that he had the right to
appeal to the Cambodian Supreme Court (see e.g. United States v
Boyajian, 2014 WL 6750230 at *2-3), “there already exist[s at least
one] procedural vehicle[] for challenging the constitutional propriety
of [his conviction] under the facts presented here . . . Thus, a new,
judicially created, remedy is not needed in this situation to ensure
protection of the accused’s right to due process of law” (People v
Knack, 72 NY2d 825, 827).

     In any event, even assuming, arguendo, that respondent’s
challenge is procedurally proper, he failed to establish that he was
denied due process in light of the evidence presented at his trial.
He contended, and Supreme Court concluded, that the 15-year-old victim
recanted his testimony that respondent engaged in sexual activity with
him and that there was no other evidence that he committed the crime
charged and, thus, that he was denied due process because he was
convicted solely upon hearsay evidence, i.e., a police officer’s
testimony regarding the victim’s prior statements. That conclusion is
belied by the evidence in the record from the Cambodian trial.

     First, the 15-year-old male victim testified at trial and,
although he claimed at trial that he did not engage in sexual activity
with respondent, he admitted that he had previously told the police
officer that such activity had occurred. Consequently, the record
establishes that the police officer did not invent that version of the
events. In addition, the victim testified that he initially told the
police officer that he and respondent engaged in sexual activity
because the officer threatened him, but the officer denied making
threats, and teachers from the victim’s school testified that they
were present when the officer spoke with the victim, and that the
officer did not threaten the victim. Additionally, the victim’s
hospital records were introduced into evidence, and they indicated
that the victim “was sexually abused (clarified by him) but left
[with] no burns, cuts or tears” (emphasis added). Thus, the victim
reported the sexual activity at a time when he was not threatened by
                                 -4-                           664
                                                         KA 14-02271

the police officer, undermining the victim’s testimony that he
reported the sexual activity only because he was threatened. Also,
despite denying that he engaged in sexual activity with the victim,
respondent admitted in his trial testimony that he slept under
blankets with the victim and several of the victim’s brothers, and
that he bathed in a restaurant pool with them. An employee of that
restaurant testified that respondent “took baths with three children,
but [she saw respondent] playing with the penis of only one child.”
Consequently, there was direct evidence of sexual contact between
respondent and the victim, circumstantially corroborating the victim’s
initial statement and providing indicia that it was reliable.
Finally, there was significant evidence, including respondent’s
testimony at trial, establishing that he gave gifts, money, and other
financial consideration to the victim’s family, before and after the
sexual activity was alleged to have occurred.

     Based on that evidence, we conclude that respondent failed to
establish that the conviction violated his due process rights. In the
State of New York, “[w]here the People establish that a witness is
unwilling to testify due to the defendant’s own conduct, or by the
actions of others ‘with the defendant’s knowing acquiescence,’
defendant forfeits the right to confrontation, and [the witness’s]
out-of-court statements are admissible . . . This exception is based
on ‘the public policy of reducing the incentive to tamper with
witnesses’ ” (People v Dubarry, 25 NY3d 161, 174; see People v Alston,
27 AD3d 311, 312, lv denied 7 NY3d 751; see generally People v Geraci,
85 NY2d 359, 369-370; Matter of Holtzman v Hellenbrand, 92 AD2d 405,
410-415). Here, respondent’s due process rights were not violated
when the Cambodian Court concluded that respondent bribed the
witnesses against him so that they would not testify against him, nor
when that court relied upon those witnesses’s prior statements
implicating respondent inasmuch as the statements “bore sufficient
indicia of reliability” (Alston, 27 AD3d at 312). Consequently, we
conclude that “the statements were not ‘so devoid of reliability as to
offend due process’ ” (People v Wilson, 115 AD3d 891, 891, lv denied
24 NY3d 966, quoting People v Cotto, 92 NY2d 68, 78).

Entered:   July 2, 2015                         Frances E. Cafarell
                                                Clerk of the Court