Court Opinion

ID: 3013747
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Date Created: 2015-10-13 21:58:33.667177+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:03:28.835035
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Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

10-6-2004

Bitraj v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-1523

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"Bitraj v. Atty Gen USA" (2004). 2004 Decisions. Paper 252.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2004/252

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                                                               NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                         FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                  No. 03-1523

                             ORBELIN M. BITRA,J

                                             Petitioner

                                        v.

             JOHN ASHCROFT, Attorney General of the United States,

                                             Respondent

                     On Petition for Review of a Final Order
                      of the Board of Immigration Appeals
                               ( No. A76 582 864)

                           Submitted under L.A.R. 34.1
                              September 24, 2004

              Before: McKee, Aldisert and Greenberg, Circuit Judges.

                             (Filed October 6, 2004)

                           OPINION OF THE COURT

ALDISERT, Circuit Judge.

                                        1
       Petitioner Oberlin M. Bitraj seeks review of a final order of removal by the Board

of Immigration Appeals (“BIA” or “Board”) affirming without opinion an Immigration

Judge’s (“IJ’s”) denial of Bitraj’s applications for asylum, withholding of removal and

protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We must decide whether: (1)

the BIA’s affirmance without opinion of the IJ opinion comports with the requirements of

due process; (2) substantial evidence supports the IJ’s denial of Bitraj’s applications for

asylum withholding of removal; and ( 3) this court lacks jurisdiction to review Bitraj’s

new claims of ineffective assistance of counsel and eligibility for adjustment of status, in

light of his failure to exhaust his administrative remedies on this issue.

       Because we write only for the parties who are familiar with the facts and the

administrative proceedings, we will discuss only the legal issues presented.

                                              I.

       We lack jurisdiction to review Bitraj’s claim that he has suffered from prior

ineffectiveness of counsel because he has never raised that issue with the Board.

See I.N.A. § 242(b) (2003), 8 U.S.C § 1252(b) (2003); Abdul Rahmn v Ashcroft, 330

F.3d 587, 594 (3d Cir. 2003). Further, we lack jurisdiction to review Bitraj’s demand that

his case be remanded to the Board so that his request for adjustment of status can be

considered. Bitraj has filed a motion to reopen with the Board that is currently pending

and therefore that issue is not ripe for review.

                                              2
                                            II.

       This court has recently held that the Board’s affirmance without opinion procedure

comports with the requirements of due process. Dia v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 228, 241-242

(3d Cir. 2003).

                                            III.

       We review the IJ’s decision under the substantial evidence standard. Substantial

evidence is lacking only in those cases where the petitioner can establish that the evidence

of record was “so compelling that no reasonable fact finder could [have] fail[ed] to find”

in his favor. INS v. Elias-Zacarias 502 U.S. 478, 481 n.1 (1992). Adverse credibility

determinations, such as this case, are reviewed for substantial evidence. Gao v. Ashcroft,

299 F.3d 266, 272 (3d Cir. 2002).

       An asylum applicant bears the burden of proving eligibility for asylum. 8 C.F.R. §

1208.13(a) (2003); see also Gao, 299 F.3d at 272. In order for an asylum applicant to

demonstrate that he is a refugee, the applicant must present specific facts demonstrating

that he suffered past persecution or has a well-founded fear of future persecution because

of one of the categories protected by the statute. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(a); see also

Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. at 482-483. To demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution,

the asylum applicant must establish that he has a genuine fear, and that a reasonable

person in his circumstances would fear persecution if returned to his native country. See

Elnager v. INS 930 F.2d 784, 786 (9th Cir. 1991); 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(2)(i)(B).

                                             3
       To qualify for withholding of removal, the asylum applicant bears the burden of

demonstrating that his “life or freedom would be threatened [in his country] because of

[his] race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.”

I.N.A. § 241(b)(3), 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3); 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b); see generally INS v.

Stevic, 467 U.S. 407, 424, 430 (1984). This requires a showing of a “clear probability” of

future persecution, id., that “it is more likely than not” that the alien would be persecuted

because of one of the qualifying grounds, see 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b); Cardoza-Fonseca,

480 U.S. at 449-50. This is more stringent than the well-founded fear standard for

asylum. Id. Thus, an alien who fails to show a well-founded fear of persecution will, by

definition, fail to show a clear probability of a threat to life or freedom. Al Harbi v. INS,

242 F.3d 882 , 888-889 (9th Cir. 2001).

       Withholding of removal or deportation under 8 C.F.R. section 208.16(c)(4)(2001)

provides protection under the CAT. Under the regulations, an applicant for withholding of

removal under the CAT bears the burden of proof to “establish that it is more likely than not that

he or she would be tortured if removed to the proposed country of removal.” See 8 C.F.R. §

208.16(c)(2).

                                             IV.

       The record amply supports the immigration judge's determination that Bitraj failed

to establish that he had a well-founded fear of future persecution. The immigration judge

concluded that while Bitraj's family suffered past persecution under the communist

regime, fundamental changes in the country conditions in Albania that occurred with the

                                                4
collapse of the communist regime undermined Bitraj's claim of a well-founded fear of

future persecution on account of his democratic, anti-communist political beliefs.

      In this regard, the IJ relied on the Department of State ("DOS") country reports, a

DOS general profile of asylum claims and a letter from DOS' Office of Country Reports

and Asylum Affairs specifically addressing Bitraj's claims, (see R. at 197- 221, 275), in

determining that Bitraj was not credible, (see id. at 37-51). Specifically, the DOS reports

indicated that the 1998 demonstrations in Skhodra were not peaceful, but rather violent.

      Most critically, the letter from DOS' Office of Country Reports and Asylum Affairs

indicates that members of the Albanian army, who are chosen to go overseas to

participate in NATO training exercises, are generally in good standing with the military

and are being groomed for future leadership. Indeed, Bitraj himself testified that he was

promised overseas travel and scholarships in return for his outstanding service in March

1997 for protecting his military academy from looters. The letter further states that while

members of the military can face discipline for desertion, the office was not aware that

members of the military were being punished for their political beliefs. It was entirely

proper for the IJ to accord considerable weight to the findings of Department of State. Cf.

Sevoian v. Ashcroft, 290 F.3d 166, 176 (3d Cir. 2002) (citing Kazlauskas v. INS, 46 F.3d

902, 906 (9th Cir. 1995) (stating that country condition profiles developed by the U.S.

State Department are "'the most appropriate and perhaps the best resource' for information

                                             5
on political situations in foreign nations") (quoting Rojas v. INS, 937 F.2d 186, 190 n.l

(5th Cir. 1991)); Dobrota v. INS, 195 F.3d 970 (7th Cir. 1999) (general changes in

country conditions shown by Department of State reports were sufficient to support a

finding of no well-founded fear of future persecution). Because Bitraj's testimony

conflicted with the DOS' findings, substantial evidence supports the immigration judge's

adverse credibility finding.

      In addition, the IJ determined that Bitraj was not credible because of his own

misrepresentations regarding his claim that he was facing future persecution through

trumped up espionage charges because of his democratic beliefs. Specifically, Bitraj

wrote in his asylum application affidavit that he and his fellow cadets did not obey the

order to report to Skhodra because they were not "command troops." In his testimony

before the IJ, he changed his story to indicate that he did not wish to assist in putting

down the rebellion because he believed that the demonstrators were peaceful and

unarmed. The IJ found his testimony incredible because of the inconsistencies between

his written statements and oral testimony, and the implausibility of his story that

immediately after being disciplined for disobeying the Skhodra orders, he was selected to

participate in the NATO overseas training program. In determining that Bitraj's account

was not credible, the IJ weighed the Department of State report that the Skhodra rebellion

                                              6
was indeed violent, (R. at 275), and that members of the Albanian military who are sent

overseas are generally in good standing.

      Thus, the record amply supports the IJ’s decision In addition, Bitraj has failed to

establish that it is more likely than not that he would be tortured if removed to Albania.

                                       *****
      We have considered all of the arguments advanced by the parties and conclude that

no further discussion is necessary.

      The petition for review will be denied.

                                             7