Court Opinion

ID: 3812287
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-06 07:50:26.793256+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:54:07.148242
License: Public Domain

This action presents error from the district court of Hughes county, and is brought for the purpose of requiring P. W. Gardner, judge of the county court of that county, to account to the board of county commissioners for all fees or money received by him for approving deeds provided for under section 9 of an act of Congress of May 27, 1908 (chapter 199, 35 Stat. 312), which provides that:
"The death of an allottee of the Five Civilized Tribes shall operate to remove all restrictions upon the alienation of said allottee's land: Provided, that no conveyance of any interest of any fullblood Indian heir in such land shall be valid unless approved by the court having jurisdiction of the settlement of the estate of said deceased allottee."
The action is brought by W. P. Langston, as county attorney for that county, who contends that under the then existing fee and salary law of the state (Sess. Laws Okla. 1907-1908, p. 289) the county judge of Hughes county was entitled to receive, as full compensation for his services, the sum of $2,000 a year, and no more, and that under section 1 of article 5 of the same act he was required to keep an account of all fees for services rendered by him, and by section 2, Id., to present regularly to the board of county commissioners of the county a detailed statement of all fees received by him during the preceding quarter, and by section 3, Id., to pay the same into the county treasury, and that his salary was to be paid as were paid the salaries of county *Page 3 
attorneys for the several counties. Plaintiff in error was elected in the fall of 1907, and the federal act referred to was passed during his term of office.
There is no statute fixing the fees to be allowed for the services rendered thereunder nor providing the disposition thereof, and it is the contention of defendant in error that by virtue of the statute of the state above noted it was the duty of the county judge to report such fees, or money, as he received for approving the deeds mentioned to the county commissioners, and to pay the same into the county treasury, as belonging to Hughes county In support of this claim, counsel relies principally upon two cases, Finley v. Territory ofOklahoma, 12 Okla. 621, 73 P. 273, and Rhea v. Board ofCounty Commissioners, 12 Idaho, 455, 88 P. 89. In the Finley case the plaintiff in error was probate judge of Kiowa county, while Oklahoma was a territory, and Congress, in addition to the jurisdiction granted by the Territorial Legislature, conferred upon him jurisdiction in townsite matters, and, on the question arising as to whether or not he should account for all fees received while acting under the authority so conferred, the court held this to be his duty. This case cannot be said to be controlling where the question arises in a state, however, for Congress had primary authority to fix the jurisdiction, duty and compensation of all territorial officers. It was stated by this court in the case of Territoryv. Long Bell Lumber Co. et al., 22 Okla. 890, 99 P. 911:
"Congress not only may abrogate the laws of any of the territories, but it may itself, if it chooses, legislate directly for the entire local government. It may make a valid act of the Legislature void, and a void act valid. It has complete legislative authority over the people inhabiting the territories and all of the departments of the territorial government. It may restrict all legislation for a territory to itself, or it may portion it out to subordinate bodies; but, when these bodies act, they act by virtue of federal authority, and their legislation is federal legislation applicable solely to their local conditions."
So the federal act under which the probate judge acted in *Page 4 
that case was absolutely controlling, superior in fact to any act of the local Legislature.
Where a similar question to the one at bar arose in Utah, the Supreme Court of the state, referring to the Finley case, in the case of Eldridge v. Salt Lake County, 106 P. 939, said:
"It was held that the duties imposed by the act of Congress were a part of the duties of the office of probate judge, and were compensated for by the salary paid to the judge. In classifying that case, it must be kept in mind that the territorial offices, as well as incumbents thereof, were always under the paramount control of Congress. In the very act under consideration in that case, Congress expressly ratified the acts of the territorial Legislature with regard to the powers and duties that had been imposed on the office of probate judge and on the judge himself, and, after such ratification, also made it the duty of probate judges to perform the services required by the act."
The other case cited, that of Rhea v. Board of Com'rs, 12 Idaho, 455, 88 P. 89, was predicated largely, if not wholly, upon the Finley case, and of it the Supreme Court of Utah, in the case from that court just above noted, said:
"The decision in the case of Rhea v. Board of Com'rs., 12 Idaho, 455, 88 P. 89, is based entirely upon the authority ofFinley v. Territory, supra. This being so, we need not now inquire whether the Rhea case is sound or not. We have shown that the doctrine on which the Finley case rests is foreign to the doctrine involved in the case at bar, and, if this be true, then all cases, whether few or many, that are based on the principle decided in the Finley case, can have no influence on the case at bar."
The logic and reasoning of the court in the case ofEldridge v. Salt Lake County, supra, appear to our minds to be sound, and are conclusive against the claim of defendant in error in the case at bar. In that case the appellant was clerk of the district court of Salt Lake county, Utah, taking his office January 1, 1907. Pursuant to provisions of an act of Congress of June 29, 1906 (chapter 3592, 34 Stat. 596 [U.S. Comp. St. Supp. 1909, p. 97]), he had accepted and retained one-half of the fees for services rendered in naturalizing aliens. Under the laws of the State of Utah, the appellant discharged the duties of clerk of *Page 5 
the district court and county clerk for that county, and under the Constitution of the state (section 1 of article 21) it was provided that he should be paid a fixed and definite salary, and under the statutes passed pursuant to that constitutional requirement he was required to make a true and correct account of all the fees collected and to pay the same into the county treasury. Under the federal act, he was permitted to retain one-half of the fees collected by him in the naturalization proceedings and was required to account for the balance to the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization; the money so collected to be deposited in the treasury of the United States. On his refusal, action was brought to compel him to account to the county for the fees retained by him, and the question presented to the court, the same as here, was whether or not appellant received such fees by virtue of his office, so that the salary he received constituted compensation for the services rendered, and necessitated his reporting all such fees to the county, or whether he should be allowed to retain them, and the court, in consideration of this proposition, stated its conclusion in the syllabus as follows:
"The duties which the clerk of a state district court discharges and the services which he renders in naturalization proceedings under the naturalization act (Act Cong. June 29, 1906, c. 3592, 34 Stat. 596 [U.S. Comp. St. Supp. 1909, p. 97]) are not duties imposed on nor services forming a part of the office, and the salary received as compensation therefor does not constitute compensation for extra official services, and he need not account therefor to his county, notwithstanding Const. art. 21,  §§ 1, 2, providing that officers shall be paid fixed salaries, and Comp. Laws 1907,  §§ 2057, 2062, fixing the salary of the clerk, which shall constitute full compensation."
It will be noted in the case at bar that the statute under which the plaintiff in error acted was not passed until after he had been inducted into office and during the time he was serving as judge of the county court. No statute of Oklahoma recognized or required the performance of the service rendered by plaintiff in error thereunder, and there were no fixed fees therefor.
The Utah Supreme Court, speaking further of the liability *Page 6 
of the clerk to report to the county the fees collected by him under the naturalization act, says:
"The duties which appellant discharged and the services rendered by him by virtue of the act of Congress aforesaid are not duties which are imposed on nor services which are rendered as a part of the county office to which he was elected and of which he was the incumbent during the time in which the fees in question were earned and received by him. If this be so, then the salary which he received as compensation for discharging the duties of such county office was not intended to, and did not, constitute compensation for the extra official services he rendered as an agent of the general government in discharging the powers conferred on him by the act of Congress aforesaid and for which services the fees in question were allowed him by the national, and not by the state government."
Since this case was instituted, the Legislature of Oklahoma, at the special session, 1910 (Sess. Laws Okla. 1910, p. 129), passed a fee and salary act which provides for approving of conveyances of fullblood Indian heirs, and that the county judge shall charge and collect and account for the same, $5, and under the operation of this act the county judges of the state are required to report and pay into the county treasury the moneys received for such services.
The cause is, accordingly, reversed and remanded to the district court of Hughes county, with instructions to set aside the judgment heretofore rendered and enter one in accordance with this opinion.
All the Justices concur. *Page 7