Court Opinion

ID: 7799454
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-10 14:09:47.497374+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:28:57.352939
License: Public Domain

THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA
                        In The Court of Appeals

            Timothy J. Register, Appellant,

            v.

            Angel M. Register Dixon and Lee Dixon, Respondents.

            Appellate Case No. 2019-000854

                         Appeal From Richland County
                     Michelle M. Hurley, Family Court Judge

                              Opinion No. 5938
                  Heard March 9, 2022 – Filed August 10, 2022

                        REVERSED AND REMANDED

            Carrie Ann Warner, of Warner Law Firm, LLC of
            Columbia for Appellant.

            Angel M. Register Dixon and Lee Dixon, pro se.

GEATHERS, J.: In an appeal from the family court following a contempt
proceeding, Appellant Timothy Register ("Register") asks this court through its de
novo review authority to find that Respondent Angel Dixon ("Angel") did not meet
her burden of proof regarding child support payments. Further, Register argues that
Angel should be required to reimburse him for all his attorney's fees and costs in
connection with the contempt proceedings. We reverse and remand for further
contempt proceedings consistent with this opinion.
                         FACTS/PROCEDURAL HISTORY

      Register and Angel were formerly husband and wife, and they are the
biological parents of one minor child (E.R.). Register and Angel obtained a Decree
of Divorce on February 19, 2014, and Angel is now married to Respondent Lee
Dixon ("Lee," collectively, "the Dixons").
       On November 24, 2015, Register was the subject of a finding of a substantial
risk of sexual abuse upon E.R. from the Department of Social Services ("DSS")
based upon allegations made by Angel. Register appealed the finding within DSS
on December 28, 2015, and was subsequently notified that DSS was suspending his
right to file an appeal due to a contested action it had filed in the family court.1

       On April 26, 2016, Register filed an action against Angel and DSS for post-
divorce modification of custody and/or visitation, seeking an order for custody of,
or in the alternative, liberal visitation with, E.R., child support, attorney's fees and
costs, and related relief. Angel never filed a responsive pleading. DSS filed a
Complaint for Intervention against Register that included two hearing notices for
hearings scheduled in June and July 2016. On June 17, 2016, a Temporary Order
was issued by Judge Michelle Hurley continuing the DSS hearings regarding
Register and ordering DSS to grant Register an administrative hearing on his appeal.
Pending the disposition of Register's appeal, the Temporary Order granted him
supervised visitation with E.R., utilizing an independent supervisor, 2 and appointed
Jacqueline Draper as Guardian ad Litem.
      On July 8, 2016, Register filed a Motion for Joinder of Third Party Defendant
seeking to add Lee Dixon as a party to his custody action.

      Following a hearing before an Administrative Officer, a Final Administrative
Order was issued on October 18, 2016, dismissing the DSS case against Register and
questioning Angel's credibility in light of the contradictory reports made by E.R.

      In the custody action, Judge Dorothy M. Jones issued an order on April 20,
2017, that required the immediate transfer of custody of the minor child to Register,
granted Angel supervised visitation for a period of 30 days, added Lee as a party,
and granted Register attorney's fees and costs totaling $2,455.00.

1
    The record does not specify the nature of that contested action.
2
    The parties were ordered to equally divide the cost of the supervisor.
        Following a two-day hearing, a Final Order was issued by Judge Jones on
January 16, 2018. That order granted continued sole custody to Register and
required Angel to pay him $239.00 per month for child support. Angel was granted
supervised visitation as well as limited unsupervised visitation, provided that "Lee
Dixon shall not be present or in the vicinity of Ms. Dixon's visitation," and such
visits last no longer than five consecutive hours. The order stated that "both [Angel
and Lee Dixon] engaged in conduct intended to alienate E.R.'s trust and affection
with [Register]," and discussed the "impropriety of Defendant Lee Dixon's conduct
. . . and controlling behavior along with Defendant Angel Dixon's conduct," which
"adversely affected the child's affection for her father." Moreover, the order granted
Register an attorney's fee award of $17,500.00,3 to be paid in a lump sum by the
Dixons no later than March 2, 2018, by and through Register's counsel, Carrie A.
Warner.
       On November 8, 2018, Register commenced an action seeking a court order
to hold Angel in willful contempt for failure to pay child support totaling $2,390.00
as of the date of filing. He also sought a court order to hold the Dixons in willful
civil contempt for failing to pay his attorney's fees and costs totaling $17,500.00, as
ordered in the January 16, 2018 Final Order.
       A hearing was held in front of Judge Michelle Hurley on January 22, 2019,
and judicial notice was taken of the January 16, 2018 Final Order. At that hearing,
Register testified that since the Final Order was issued requiring Angel to pay child
support, she did not make any payments toward her child support obligation. He
also testified that he sought the payment of total attorney's fees plus judgment
interest, alleging that the Dixons failed to pay the attorney's fees award. Register
introduced into evidence a summary of the judgment interest owed on his attorney's
fees, making the total amount of attorney's fees plus interest $18,841.03.

      Prior to the hearing, Angel submitted to the court a financial declaration
indicating that she had no income. During the hearing, Angel stated that she made

3
  Judge Jones found that the total fees and costs incurred by Register were "made
necessary as a result of the actions of the [Dixons]" and "exceeded $40,000.00."
However, she awarded Register only $17,500.00 in attorney's fees and costs, noting
that "[w]hile this amount is not sufficient to adequately compensate [Register], it
does take into consideration that the financial abilities of [the Dixons] are limited."
During the pendency of this appeal, the Dixons satisfied the attorney's fees awarded
in the original order by Judge Jones.
cash 4 payments totaling $2,315.00 towards the satisfaction of her child support
obligation but indicated that she did not ask Register to sign receipts for the
transactions. Angel further testified that she had no proof of the payments she
allegedly made to Register and conceded the nonexistence of any supporting bank
statements, cash withdrawals, or checks.5 Angel did, however, testify that she
created a list of the alleged cash payments made to Register, including the amounts,
dates, and locations of the transactions.
      The Dixons both testified that neither Angel nor Lee made any payments
towards the attorney's fees as ordered.
      At the conclusion of the hearing, the family court determined that Angel had
made cash payments to Register totaling $2,315.00 and found that Angel owed
Register only $553.00 in unpaid child support. As a result, the family court required
Angel to pay $15.00 per month to Register, in addition to her court ordered child
support amount, until the outstanding $553.00 was satisfied.
       The family court also found the Dixons in willful contempt for not paying the
attorney's fees award of $17,500.00, and sentenced them each to thirty days in jail,
which could be purged upon their payment of $400.00 per month consecutively until
the $17,500.00 was paid in full.6 The Dixons were also ordered to pay $701.057
toward Register's attorney's fees and costs for the contempt proceeding ($1,402.01).
Register's request for judgment interest was denied.

      Register filed a Motion to Reconsider on March 12, 2019, which was
subsequently denied. This appeal followed.

4
  At the hearing, Angel testified that she used cash from odd jobs to pay child
support.
5
  Angel testified that Register did not accept her checks because he "did not want a
check with [her] husband's name attached to it."
6
  In Register's initial appeal, he asserted that Judge Hurley erred by modifying the
Final Order to allow for monthly payments rather than a lump sum payment, but on
April 28, 2022, he submitted a Motion to Withdraw Ground for Appeal requesting
to withdraw that issue from our consideration, and that Motion was granted.
7
  This amount is approximately one-half of Register's total attorney's fees regarding
the contempt proceeding.
                             STANDARD OF REVIEW

       "The family court is a court of equity." Lewis v. Lewis, 392 S.C. 381, 386,
709 S.E.2d 650, 652 (2011). In equity cases, the appellate court shall review findings
of fact as well as law de novo. Stoney v. Stoney, 422 S.C. 593, 595, 813 S.E.2d 486,
487 (2018) (citing S.C. CONST. art. V, § 5)). Accordingly, "[o]n appeal from the
family court, the appellate court has jurisdiction to find facts in accordance with its
own view of the preponderance of the evidence." S.C. Dep't of Soc. Servs. v. Polite,
391 S.C. 275, 279, 705 S.E.2d 78, 80 (Ct. App. 2011). However, "this broad scope
of review does not alter the fact that a family court is better able to make credibility
determinations because it has the opportunity to observe the witnesses." Wilburn v.
Wilburn, 403 S.C. 372, 380, 743 S.E.2d 734, 738 (2013). "Additionally, the de novo
standard does not relieve the appellant of the burden of identifying error in the family
court's findings." Id. "Accordingly, we will affirm the decision of the family court
in an equity case unless its decision is controlled by some error of law or the
appellant satisfies the burden of showing [that] the preponderance of the evidence
actually supports contrary factual findings by th[e appellate] court." Holmes v.
Holmes, 399 S.C. 499, 504, 732 S.E.2d 213, 216 (Ct. App. 2012).

                                  LAW/ANALYSIS
   I.     Burden of Proof
        Register challenges the family court's finding that Angel met her burden of
proof in showing that certain cash payments for child support were made to Register
because, other than her testimony that she made the payments, she submitted no
direct evidence in support of this contention. See ALEX SANDERS & JOHN S.
NICHOLS, TRIAL HANDBOOK FOR S.C. LAW. § 10.1, at 391 (5th ed. 2021) ("Proof of
facts is the soul of every trial. If there is no need to prove facts, then there is no need
for a trial; the case presents only questions of law for the court.").
       "Contempt results from the willful disobedience of a court's order." Moseley
v. Mosier, 279 S.C. 348, 351, 306 S.E.2d 624, 626 (1983). There are two elements
in proving contempt: (1) a court order and (2) voluntary disobedience of that order.
See id. In child support issues, "[c]ontempt occurs when a parent ordered to pay
child support voluntarily fails to pay." Id. However, "[w]hen a parent is unable to
make the required payments, [she] is not in contempt." Id. In the context of civil
contempt, an act is willful if it is "done voluntarily and intentionally with the specific
intent to do something the law forbids, or with the specific intent to fail to do
something the law requires to be done; that is to say, with bad purpose either to
disobey or disregard the law." Spartanburg Cnty. Dep't of Soc. Servs. v.
Padgett, 296 S.C. 79, 82–83, 370 S.E.2d 872, 874 (1988) (quoting Willful, BLACK'S
LAW DICTIONARY (5th ed. 1979)). Contempt must be proven by clear and
convincing evidence, and the record must demonstrate the specific contemptuous
act. Ex parte Lipscomb, 398 S.C. 463, 469, 730 S.E.2d 320, 323 (Ct. App. 2012);
Curlee v. Howle, 277 S.C. 377, 382, 287 S.E.2d 915, 918 (1982). In a proceeding
for contempt following the alleged violation of a court order, the moving party must
show noncompliance, and the burden then shifts to the offender to establish his or
her defense. Brasington v. Shannon, 288 S.C. 183, 184, 341 S.E.2d 130, 131 (1986).

        In this case, Register testified that Angel had made no payments to him since
the child support order was issued. Having shown Angel's noncompliance via sworn
testimony, the burden then shifted to Angel to show by a preponderance of the
evidence that she had in fact complied with the order. The only evidence upon which
the family court relied was testimony from Angel that she paid Register child support
in cash and a document written by Angel noting the amounts, dates, and locations of
these alleged transactions. Angel alleged her cash payments to Register spanned
from January 2018 to December 2018. Notably, in Angel's list of alleged cash
transactions, she lists the first four transactions as: (1) January 27, 2018, $200.00 at
the bowling alley; (2) February 11, 2018, $150.00 at the state museum; (3) March 4,
2018, $175.00 at the Columbiana movie theater; and (4) April 15, 2018, $200.00 at
the Columbiana Mall. On April 19, 2018, Register's attorney sent Angel a letter
informing Angel that she was four months delinquent in her child support payments
to Register and indicating that no payments had been made at that time. In response
to this letter, Angel sent Register's attorney an e-mail dated April 26, 2018, in which
Angel stated: "I would like to make a payment arrangement with you for the fees
owed. Please let me know how we can start this arrangement. Pertaining to child
support, I have attempted to pay Mr. Register but he has made it difficult."
(emphasis added). Angel stated that the reason for the failure of her attempt to pay
Register was her inability to find him, as he had recently moved to a new home.

       When juxtaposing the details of Angel's list of alleged cash payments to
Register with the contents of her e-mail correspondence with Register's attorney,
there are clear discrepancies. The most compelling of these discrepancies is that
both the letter from Register's attorney and Angel's electronic correspondence are
dated after the alleged inception of Angel's cash payments to Register. If these
payments had been occurring as alleged in Angel's transaction list, we believe it is
likely that Angel would not have stated she "attempted to pay" Register but would
have stated that she had paid Register. Further, Angel's transaction list indicated
that she met Register several times at various locations to pay him child support prior
to the e-mail she sent to Register's attorney, but in the e-mail, Angel did not indicate
that she had seen or paid Register; rather, she indicated that she had been unable to
find Register in order to pay him. These discrepancies cast doubt upon the
legitimacy of Angel's list of alleged cash transactions. In the absence of any
supporting evidence of these alleged cash transactions beyond Angel's own self-
serving testimony, and pursuant to our authority to find facts in accordance with our
own view of the evidence, we find Angel did not meet her burden of proving by a
preponderance of the evidence that she made cash payments for child support to
Register. See Lewis, 392, S.C. at 384, 709 S.E.2d at 651 ("In appeals from the family
court, the appellate court has jurisdiction to find facts in accordance with its view of
the preponderance of the evidence." (quoting Easton v. Easton, 384 S.C. 473, 479,
682 S.E.2d 804, 807 (2009))).

      While this court normally defers to the family court's assessment of witness
credibility, the April 26 e-mail put Angel's credibility on the witness stand in doubt.
Our supreme court tells us that
                   appellate court decisions have continued to reflect a
             preference to sustain a family court's factual findings.

                   The highly fact-intensive nature of family court
             matters lends itself to a respect for the factual findings of
             our able and experienced family court judges who are in a
             superior position to assess the demeanor and credibility of
             witnesses. Indeed, life-altering credibility determinations
             often lie at the heart of family court factual findings.
             However, neither our respect for the family court bench
             nor the special need for finality in family court litigation
             may serve as a license to lessen our standard of review in
             family court appeals.

Id. at 390, 709 S.E.2d at 654.

       While we generally defer to the family court in matters of evidence, we cannot
do so automatically and blindly. See id. Indeed, we cannot lessen our standard of
review by affording unlimited deference to the family court. Accordingly, this court
may reverse factual findings made by the family court when the appellant satisfies
this court that such findings are against the preponderance of the evidence. Crowder
v. Crowder, 246 S.C. 299, 301, 143 S.E.2d 580, 581 (1965) (citing Forester v.
Forester, 266 S.C. 311, 315, 85 S.E.2d 187, 188–89 (1954)).
       Moreover, at the time of the hearing, the family court had already taken
judicial notice of the January 16, 2018 Final Order, in which there are many adverse
findings against Angel that call into question her candor and honesty to the court.
Specifically, Angel's self-serving testimony, coupled with the unfounded and grave
accusations against Register, call into question her credibility. Therefore, relying on
Angel's testimony alone, without any corroborating evidence is not sufficient for a
finding that payments were made. As a result, we reverse the family court's finding
that Angel made cash payments for child support.
   II. Contempt Proceeding Attorney's Fees

      Register argues that the family court erred by not requiring the Dixons to
reimburse him for the entire amount of attorney's fees related to the contempt
proceeding. We decline to address this issue.
        Whether additional attorney's fees are due in this matter will depend on
whether the family court finds Angel's failure to pay child support was voluntary.
See Moseley, 279 S.C. at 351, 306 S.E.2d at 626 ("Contempt occurs when a parent
ordered to pay child support voluntarily fails to pay." (emphasis added)). Therefore,
this is an issue that must be addressed by the family court alone.

                                  CONCLUSION

       We reverse the family court's finding that Angel Dixon made cash payments
to Register for child support and remand for the family court's determination as to
whether Angel's nonpayment was voluntary, and whether Register is entitled to
additional attorney's fees.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

HILL, J. and LOCKEMY, A.J., concur.