Court Opinion

ID: 4252182
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-03-06 21:00:26.023915+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:44:12.351190
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        MAR 6 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

WILLIAM SILVERSTEIN, individually and No. 17-15176
on behalf of all other California residents
similarly situated,                         D.C. No. 4:16-cv-00684-DMR

                Plaintiff-Appellant,
                                                MEMORANDUM*
 v.

KEYNETICS, INC., a Delaware
corporation; CLICK SALES, INC., a
Delaware corporation; 418 MEDIA, LLC.,
an Ohio limited liability company; LEWIS
HOWES,

                Defendants-Appellees,

and

INSPIRED MARKETING, LLC; SEAN
MALARKEY,

                Defendants.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Northern District of California
                   Donna M. Ryu, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted February 12, 2018
                            San Francisco, California

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Before: KLEINFELD and TALLMAN, Circuit Judges, and JACK,** District
Judge.

      Appellant William Silverstein alleges that he has received unsolicited

commercial e-mails, colloquially known as “spam,” from Appellees Keynetics,

Inc. and Click Sales, Inc., operating in conjunction with other Appellees. The

district court dismissed Silverstein’s first and second amended complaints on the

ground that his claims under California Business & Professional Code § 17529.5

were preempted by the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and

Marketing Act of 2003, 15 U.S.C. § 7701 et seq. (CAN-SPAM Act). We have

jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      1. The e-mails’ use of the LinkedIn.com domain name is not materially

false or misleading within the meaning of the CAN-SPAM Act. See Gordon v.

Virtumundo, 575 F.3d 1040, 1062–64 (9th Cir. 2009). Although LinkedIn itself

did not send the e-mails, LinkedIn has an automatic e-mail feature that allows

LinkedIn group members to communicate with each other. The parties do not

dispute that the e-mails actually originated from the LinkedIn.com domain, and

that the senders of the e-mails would have to have been members of LinkedIn to

send the e-mails.

      **
            The Honorable Janis Graham Jack, United States District Judge for
the Southern District of Texas, sitting by designation.

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      Silverstein at most has alleged that other LinkedIn users violated the terms

of LinkedIn’s user agreement by using the LinkedIn domain to contact him and

other group members with unauthorized spam or advertising. However, the

senders’ conduct does not make use of the LinkedIn domain name materially false

or misleading because the e-mails did come from a LinkedIn member.

Accordingly, use of the domain does not rise to the level of “traditionally tortious

or wrongful conduct,” as required to escape CAN-SPAM Act preemption. See

Gordon, 575 F.3d at 1062 (quoting Omega World Travel, Inc. v. Mummagraphics,

Inc., 469 F.3d 348, 354 (4th Cir. 2006)).

      2. The “From” names were also not materially false or misleading.

Silverstein did not allege that the individuals listed in the “From” field were

actually known to him and that the senders misappropriated those names. Cf., e.g.,

Hoang v. Reunion, No. C-08-3518 MMC, 2010 WL 1340535, at *6 (N.D. Cal.

Mar. 31, 2010) (holding that a § 17529.5 claim was not barred by Gordon where

“plaintiffs allege that each plaintiff received an e-mail indicating the sender was an

actual person known to such recipient, when, in fact, the e-mails were sent by

defendant”). Nor did Silverstein allege that the “From” names deceived him as to

the nature of the e-mails. It is hard to see how they could have, given that the

“From” names were adjacent to clearly commercial subject lines, such as “How a

newbie banked $5K THIS WEEK . . . What Nobody Told You About.”

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      In short, the use of fictitious “From” names does not make an e-mail header

materially false or misleading within the meaning of the CAN-SPAM Act where

those names do not “spoof” the identities of individuals known to the recipient and

are accompanied by accurate domain names and subject lines that make it clear the

e-mail is commercial in nature. Therefore, Silverstein’s claim is preempted by the

CAN-SPAM Act.

      Each party shall bear its own costs.

      AFFIRMED.

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