Court Opinion

ID: 2730859
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 22:08:35.632893+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:44:44.968833
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this
 Memorandum Decision shall not be
 regarded as precedent or cited before any
                                                          FILED
                                                        Feb 20 2012, 8:36 am
 court except for the purpose of establishing
 the defense of res judicata, collateral
 estoppel, or the law of the case.                             CLERK
                                                             of the supreme court,
                                                             court of appeals and
                                                                    tax court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                         ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

MARC O. ABPLANALP                               RICHARD W. LORENZ
Student Legal Services                          Hickam & Lorenz, PC
Bloomington, Indiana                            Spencer, Indiana

                                                ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
                                                REVIEW BOARD:

                                                GREGORY F. ZOELLER
                                                Attorney General of Indiana

                                                STEPHANIE ROTHENBERG
                                                Deputy Attorney General
                                                Indianapolis, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

CURTIS COLE,                                    )
                                                )
       Appellant,                               )
                                                )
               vs.                              )    No. 93A02-1106-EX-510
                                                )
REVIEW BOARD OF THE                             )
INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF                           )
WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT,                          )
                                                )
       and                                      )
                                                )
OWEN COUNTY,                                    )
                                                )
       Appellees.                               )
                                                )

                 APPEAL FROM THE REVIEW BOARD OF THE INDIANA
                   DEPARTMENT OF WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT
                                  Cause No. 11-R-01759

                                    February 20, 2012

                MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

VAIDIK, Judge

                                    Case Summary

      Curtis Cole appeals the decision of the Unemployment Insurance Review Board of

the Indiana Department of Workforce Development (“Review Board”) denying him

unemployment benefits. Finding that the Review Board properly determined that Cole

was discharged for just cause, we affirm.

                             Facts and Procedural History

      Cole was employed by the Owen County Sheriff’s Department (“Department”) as

a jail officer from January 2009 until December 2010. Officer John Lowder was Cole’s

immediate supervisor.    The Department’s time-keeping policy was circulated to all

employees and they were all given “their own disk” containing the policy. Tr. p. 15. The

policy states that “[a]ccurately recording time worked is the responsibility of every non-

exempt employee” and that “falsifying . . . time records . . . may result in disciplinary

action, up to and including termination of employment.” Ex. p. 81. However, employees

regularly would show up fifteen minutes early for their shifts and not record that as time

worked, and also would leave the facility with the knowledge of supervisors to get food

or run other errands for short periods of time without indicating so on their time sheets.

Id. at 166.   Both practices were well known of and implicitly approved of by the

employer. Id.
                                            2
       In October 2010, Cole attended jailer school in Plainfield along with one other jail

officer from the Department. While he was at the school, the Owen County Auditor

contacted Cole and told him that on days when he was serving in the Indiana National

Guard, he would not receive any pay from Owen County because he made more from the

National Guard than he did from the Department. Cole was unhappy about this and

called Officer Lowder, telling him “he was gonna to [sic] make sure he put down any

time hours he could on his time sheet to make sure he would, we would, pick up the

difference.” Appellee’s App. p. 2. This alerted Officer Lowder that he needed to pay

attention to Cole’s timesheets. Tr. p. 18.

       In November 2010, Officer Lowder noticed that Cole recorded his work as ten

hours per day when he was at jailer school when everyone else who had ever attended

jailer school only reported eight hours per day. Appellee’s App. p. 2. Officer Lowder

informed Cole that if any future time-keeping records were falsified, Cole would be

terminated. Id. at 4.

       In December 2010, Officer Lowder noticed another irregularity on Cole’s

timesheet from November 2, 2010. He watched the video from that day and found that

Cole recorded that he had worked forty-four minutes longer than he actually worked on

that date. Consistent with his previous warning, Cole was given notice and terminated

from the Department.

       Cole filed for unemployment compensation against Owen County and was

determined to be ineligible because he was terminated for just cause. Cole appealed.

The Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) conducted a hearing and determined that Cole had

                                             3
been terminated for just cause for violating his employer’s policy against falsifying time

sheets. Ex. p. 167. The finding was upheld by the Review Board, which adopted the

findings and conclusions of the ALJ.

       Cole now appeals.

                                Discussion and Decision

       The Indiana Unemployment Compensation Act (“the Act”) provides that any

decision of the Review Board shall be conclusive and binding as to all questions of fact.

Ind. Code § 22-4-17-12(a). When the Review Board’s decision is challenged as contrary

to law, the reviewing court is limited to a two-part inquiry into (1) the sufficiency of the

facts found to sustain the decision and (2) the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the

findings of fact. Ind. Code § 22-4-17-12(f). Under this standard, courts are called upon

to review: (1) determination of specific or basic underlying facts; (2) conclusions or

inferences from those facts, or determinations of ultimate facts; and (3) conclusions of

law. Chrysler Group, LLC v. Review Bd. of Ind. Dep’t of Workforce Dev., 960 N.E.2d

118 (Ind. 2012). The Review Board’s findings of basic fact are subject to a “substantial

evidence” standard of review. Id. In this analysis, the appellate court neither reweighs

the evidence nor assesses the credibility of witnesses and considers only the evidence

most favorable to the Review Board’s findings. Id. The Review Board’s conclusions as

to ultimate facts involve an inference or deduction based on the findings of basic fact. Id.

Accordingly, they are typically reviewed to ensure that the Review Board’s inference is

“reasonable” or “reasonable in light of [the Review Board’s] findings.” Id. at 1318.

Legal propositions are reviewed for their correctness. Id.

                                             4
      The Act was enacted to “provide for payment of benefits to persons unemployed

through no fault of their own.” Ind. Code § 22-4-1-1; P.K.E. v. Review Bd. of Ind. Dep’t

of Workforce Dev., 942 N.E.2d 125, 130 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), trans. denied.           An

individual is disqualified for unemployment benefits if he or she is discharged for “just

cause.” Ind. Code § 22-4-15-1; P.K.E., 942 N.E.2d at 130. As set forth in Indiana Code

section 22-4-15-1,

      (d) “Discharge for just cause” as used in this section is defined to include but not
      be limited to:

                              *      *     *      *      *

             (2) knowing violation of a reasonable and uniformly enforced rule of an
             employer. . . .

      When an employee is alleged to have been discharged for just cause, the employer

bears the burden of proof to make a prima facie showing of just cause. P.K.E., 942

N.E.2d at 130. Once the employer meets its burden, the burden shifts to the employee to

rebut the employer’s evidence. Id.

      Here, the ALJ found that Cole was terminated for violating Owen County

Personnel Policy 913 that prohibits the falsification of time sheets. The Review Board

adopted the ALJ’s findings and conclusions. Cole contends that the Review Board erred

in determining that he was terminated for just cause because he did not knowingly violate

one of his employer’s rules, and the rule that he is alleged to have violated is not

uniformly enforced. We disagree.

      At the hearing before the ALJ, Officer Lowder, the jail commander for the

Department, testified that the time-keeping policy was circulated to all employees and

                                           5
they were all given “their own disk” containing the policy.         Tr. p. 15.   A memo

articulating the policy admitted at the hearing states that “[a]ccurately recording time

worked is the responsibility of every non-exempt employee,” and that “falsifying . . . time

records . . . may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of

employment.” Ex. p. 81. It was concluded that Cole was aware of the policies that were

in place regarding time-keeping. Id. at 165.

        Cole, however, contends that he did not knowingly violate the time-keeping

policy. Rather, he argues that he had a known routine of filling out his time card at the

end of the week or the pay period and that he must have just made a simple mistake. Tr.

p. 60, 63. However, in October 2010, Cole had been informed by the County Auditor

that he would not be receiving additional compensation from the County on days when he

was in the Indiana National Guard because he made more with that agency than at his job

with the Department. Cole’s reaction was to tell Officer Lowder that “he was gonna to

[sic] make sure he put down any time hours he could on his time sheet to make sure he

would, we would, pick up the difference.” Appellee’s App. p. 2. Cole then recorded his

work as ten hours per day when he was at jailer school when everyone else who had ever

attended jailer school reported only eight hours per day. Id. Officer Lowder informed

Cole that if any future time-keeping records were falsified, Cole would be terminated. Id.

at 4.

        Just one month later, Officer Lowder noticed that there were irregularities with

Cole’s time sheet again. After watching the video from the day in question, Officer

Lowder realized that Cole had actually worked forty-four minutes less than he had

                                               6
recorded working. After observing the witnesses testifying to these facts and in light of

the timing of this alleged mistake, the ALJ made a reasonable inference that Cole

knowingly violated his employer’s time-keeping policy. The Review Board did not err in

adopting this finding.

       Finally, Cole contends that the time-keeping policy was not uniformly enforced.

In General Motors Corporation v. Review Board of Indiana Department of Workforce

Development, we held that enforcement is uniform when it “is carried out in such a way

that all persons under the same conditions and in the same circumstances are treated

alike.” 671 N.E.2d 493, 498 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996). In this case, “[t]he evidence does not

establish the employer had knowledge of anyone else reporting hours worked which were

before they started work or after they left for the day, so the rule was uniformly

enforced.” Ex. p. 167. Therefore, there were no other employees were under the same

circumstances as Cole and not terminated, so there is no evidence that the rule was not

uniformly enforced.

       Cole, however, argues that this cannot be true because other individuals falsified

their time and were not terminated from their positions. Appellant’s Br. p. 14-15. But, at

the hearing it was found that

       even though the claimant and other employees worked the extra fifteen
       minutes [before their shifts began], it was not accurately reported on their
       time cards. The employer was aware that employees were working an
       extra fifteen minutes and not reporting it, but the employer was not aware
       of anyone who was reporting hours as worked that they were not working.

       Employees frequently left the facility with the knowledge of supervisors to
       get food or run other errands for short periods of time and they were never
       disciplined for that.

                                            7
Ex. p. 166 (emphasis added). The employer, therefore, was not aware of and had not

implicitly approved of Cole’s behavior of showing up late and leaving early, as he had

done for employees showing up early for shifts and leaving the facility with knowledge

of supervisors to get food or run other errands.

       Since the employer was aware of these practices and therefore implicitly approved

of them, it was found that “while [it] is not ethical or perhaps even legal, if the employer

believed it was proper and had directed employees to report time in that manner it would

not be a falsification . . . .” Id. at 167. Considering the evidence most favorable to the

Review Board’s decision and the reasonable inferences drawn from that evidence, we

cannot say that it was error to find that this rule was uniformly enforced. The Review

Board properly found that Cole falsified his time sheet and was therefore discharged for

just cause.

       Affirmed.

ROBB, C.J., and NAJAM, J., concur.

                                             8