Court Opinion

ID: 9567424
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-21 19:53:43.794898+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:00:36.335769
License: Public Domain

Beasley, Judge,
concurring specially.
I agree that the officer did not offend the Federal Constitution by further detaining the defendant for a short time to await the dog. United States v. Sharpe, 470 U. S. 675 (105 SC 1568, 84 LE2d 605) (1985). The investigatory purpose of this brief restriction of defendant’s freedom was authorized under the circumstances. The dog’s reaction would either confirm or fail to confirm the officer’s belief that *89defendant possessed drugs in the car trunk. In the event of the latter, Schmidt would be free to leave. In the event of the former, probable cause for the search would exist, and no one disputes that probable cause for his arrest would also be present.
Although I would agree with the majority’s declining to view an exercise of the constitutional right to refuse consent to a search, as a factor in determining probable cause, that is not exactly the situation here. Schmidt’s partial withdrawal rendered his consent selective. As the encounter unfolded, his relinquishment of a constitutional right became limited, and that later restriction of the permission in my opinion may legitimately be considered as an additional factor warranting the further investigation and necessitating the extension of the detention.