Court Opinion

ID: 2900145
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-09 15:12:38.710159+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:24:43.749406
License: Public Domain

Fourth Court of Appeals
                                       San Antonio, Texas
                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                          No. 04-15-00087-CV

                              ESTATE of Shirley L. BENSON, Deceased

                          From the Probate Court No. 2, Bexar County, Texas
                                Trial Court Nos. 155,572 & 155,572-A
                              Honorable Tom Rickhoff, Judge Presiding

Opinion by:       Marialyn Barnard, Justice

Sitting:          Karen Angelini, Justice
                  Marialyn Barnard, Justice
                  Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice

Delivered and Filed: September 9, 2015

AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND RENDERED IN PART

           This is an accelerated, interlocutory appeal from a probate court order regarding the Shirley

L. Benson Testamentary Trust (“the Trust”). Appellant Thomas Milton Benson Jr., as trustee of

the Trust, contends the probate court abused its discretion by entering a temporary injunction

enjoining him from acting as trustee and appointing temporary co-receivers over the Trust assets.

We reverse the portion of the probate court’s order granting the temporary injunction and render

judgment dissolving the temporary injunction. However, we affirm the portion of the probate

court’s order appointing temporary co-receivers.

                                              BACKGROUND

           Renee Benson is the only surviving daughter of Thomas Milton Benson Jr. and his first

wife, Shirley L. Benson. Before her death, Shirley executed a will that provided for the creation
                                                                                                  04-15-00087-CV

of the Trust upon her death. When she died, the Trust was formed and received the residue of her

estate. In the will, Shirley named Tom trustee and income beneficiary of the Trust and the

Bensons’ three children, Robert, Renee, and Jeanne Marie, remainder beneficiaries of the Trust.

The Trust provided that upon Tom’s death, its assets would be divided equally among the three

children. During Tom’s lifetime, however, the Trust was to provide for the distribution of income

to Robert, Renee, and Jeanne Marie to the extent necessary for their health, support, and

maintenance.

        After Shirley’s will was probated, Tom began serving as trustee. Over the next thirty-five

years, Tom managed the assets of the Trust, utilizing the assistance of accountants, bookkeepers,

and business advisors. Currently, the Trust consists of a variety of significant assets, including a

non-controlling interest in Bensco, Inc., 1 a ninety-seven percent interest in Lone Star Capital Bank,

a ninety-nine percent interest in Uptown Blanco, Ltd., 2 real estate interests in Texas and Louisiana,

and several million dollars in cash.

        According to Renee, in 2014, her father’s behavior toward her and her two adult children,

Rita and Ryan, abruptly changed. At that time, Renee and her children were heavily involved in

running a number of Tom’s enterprises, including the New Orleans Saints, the New Orleans

Pelicans, Lone Star Capital Bank, and five car dealerships. During an evidentiary hearing, Renee

testified she and her father always had a very close relationship, and she and her children took part

in many of her father’s business ventures. However, according to Renee, this dynamic began to

change over the past year. Renee testified that in December of 2014, her father asked her to visit

him in New Orleans, and when she went to his house, she found him “out of it.” According to

1
  Bensco, Inc. is a Texas corporation whose wholly-owned subsidiaries include three Texas and two Louisiana
automobile dealerships.
2
  Uptown Blanco, Ltd. is a real estate business focused on purchasing, renovating, and renting buildings in Blanco,
Texas.

                                                       -2-
                                                                                       04-15-00087-CV

Renee, Tom was taking a lot of medications, but did not know what they were. Renee testified

that since the December 2014 visit, she has not been permitted to visit or speak to her father.

       Renee also testified that a few days after Christmas 2014, she received a letter from her

father. The letter was addressed to her and her children. In the letter, her father stated he has been

unhappy with their behavior since his marriage to his third wife Gayle in 2004. As a result, he no

longer wanted any contact with them. Renee testified that in the letter, her father stated she and

her children were banned from entering any of his facilities, including the facilities or games for

the New Orleans Saints and New Orleans Pelicans, the Benson Towers, and the automobile

dealerships. The letter also stated none of them had any right to give directions or orders to any

of his business personnel. Confused, Renee testified she tried to contact her father by phone and

in person over the next couple of weeks; however, Tom refused to speak to her.

       The evidence showed that around that same time, Tom was exhibiting some troubling

behavior toward close business associates, specifically Tom Roddy and Bill McCandless, both

longtime bankers in San Antonio who had worked with Tom for over thirty years. According to

Mr. Roddy, Tom attempted to fire him, Mr. McCandless, Renee, Rita, and Ryan from the Lone

Star Capital Bank’s Board of Directors. Mr. Roddy also testified Tom abruptly withdrew $25

million dollars—$4.76 million of which belonged to the Trust—from Lone Star Capital Bank and

deposited the funds with Frost National Bank. The total withdrawal constituted approximately

twelve percent of the bank’s total deposits, placing the bank in an urgent situation. Lone Star

Bank’s CEO and President, Danny Buck, testified Tom did not provide him with any warning of

the withdrawal, and as a result, the bank had to sell some securities and obtain a short-term loan.

Mr. Buck stated such behavior was unprecedented for an owner of a bank. At the same time,

however, Mr. Roddy also testified Tom’s actions were not illegal and did not impact the bank’s

book value.
                                                 -3-
                                                                                     04-15-00087-CV

       Lastly, Tom secretly relocated the office of the Trust bookkeeper, Mary Polensky. Ms.

Polensky testified she usually used an office at Renee’s company, Renson Enterprises, Inc., but

Tom asked her to move out without telling anyone where she was going. Ms. Polensky complied

and did not return any of Renee’s or Mr. Roddy’s phone calls for more than two months. Not until

the evidentiary hearing did Renee learn that Ms. Polensky moved her office from Renson

Enterprises, Inc. to Tom’s condominium in San Antonio.

       As a result of Tom’s behavior, Renee filed an original petition in the Bexar County probate

court, alleging Tom was not fulfilling his fiduciary duties as trustee and seeking to remove Tom

as trustee of the Trust. In her petition, Renee pointed out that in addition to other unusual

behaviors, Tom failed to pay a number of fees, including property insurance premiums and taxes

on several real estate assets owned by the Trust. Renee asked the probate court to issue a temporary

restraining order to prevent her father from moving trust assets as well as a temporary injunction

enjoining Tom from taking any action related to the Trust. Renee also asked the probate court to

appoint a temporary receiver to manage the Trust assets during the course of the removal

proceedings.

       That same day, the probate court granted the temporary restraining order against Tom and

ordered a hearing on Renee’s request for the temporary injunction. Shortly thereafter, the probate

court held a two-day evidentiary hearing to determine whether it should grant the requested

temporary injunction. As indicated above, Renee presented testimony regarding Tom’s behavior

toward her and his other business associates as well as Tom’s recent actions with regard to the

Trust. Conversely, Tom presented evidence indicating he had a strained relationship with Renee

and her children and he no longer wanted any contact with them. Tom, however, did not testify at

the hearing.

                                                -4-
                                                                                      04-15-00087-CV

       At the conclusion of the hearing, the probate court neither expressly granted nor denied

Renee’s request for temporary injunctive relief; rather, the probate court rendered a written order

appointing temporary co-receivers, Phil Hardberger and Arthur Bayern, authorizing them to take

control of both the Estate of Shirley L. Benson and the Trust (collectively “the Receivership

Estate”). Specifically, the order authorized the co-receivers to identify and take possession of the

Receivership Estate, manage the business and financial affairs of the Receivership Estate, and

essentially perform any action necessary to preserve its value. An addendum outlining the probate

court’s reasons for appointing co-receivers was attached to the order. The addendum summarized

Tom’s actions relating to Renee and the Trust. Tom appealed the probate court’s order.

       Several days later, the co-receivers asked the probate court to expand their powers to allow

them to reach additional assets. Without specific notice to Tom, the probate court amended its

original order, granting the temporary co-receivers the power to determine the extent to which the

Receivership Estate owns assets with third parties. The probate court also granted the temporary

injunction. Thereafter, Tom filed an amended notice of appeal, indicating the probate court’s

amended order failed to comply with Texas Rules of Civil Procedure 683 and 684. Tom also sent

a letter to the probate court, requesting an opportunity to be heard before any additional action was

taken. The probate court denied Tom’s request and rendered a second amended order, itemizing

the actions Tom was commanded to desist and refrain from and setting the matter for trial. Tom

filed another amended notice of appeal.

                                             ANALYSIS

       In three issues on appeal, Tom argues the probate court abused its discretion in granting a

temporary injunction in favor of Renee and appointing co-receivers. Tom first argues there was

no evidence he committed a material breach of trust to support the probate court’s second amended

order granting a temporary injunction and appointing co-receivers. In addition, Tom argues neither
                                                -5-
                                                                                       04-15-00087-CV

the temporary injunction nor appointment of co-receivers “can be defended under the requirements

of equity.” Specifically, Tom argues there is no evidence to show Renee suffered serious injury

or irreparable harm or that less invasive equitable remedies would be inadequate. Finally, Tom

contends the probate court’s second amended order is facially flawed and void. According to Tom,

the probate court rendered the order without notice of a hearing to him and the order does not

comply with the mandatory requirements set out in Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 683.

                                        Standard of Review

       We review a trial court’s interlocutory order appointing a receiver or granting a temporary

injunction under an abuse of discretion standard. Elliot v. Weatherman, 396 S.W.3d 224, 228

(Tex. App.—Austin 2013, no pet.); Benefield v. State, 266 S.W.3d 25, 30–31 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.); Khaledi v. H.K. Global Trading, Ltd., 126 S.W.3d 273, 280

(Tex. App.—San Antonio 2003, no pet.). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts arbitrarily,

unreasonably, without regard to any guiding rules and principles of law, or misapplies the law to

the established facts. Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228; Orix Capital Mkts., LLC v. La Villita Motor Inns.,

J.V., 329 S.W.3d 30, 44 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2010, pet. denied); Benefield, 266, S.W.3d at

31. Conversely, a trial court does not abuse its discretion so long as some evidence in the record

reasonably supports the trial court’s decision. Butnaru v. Ford Motor Co., 84 S.W.3d 198, 211

(Tex. 2002); Khaledi, 126 S.W.3d at 280. When conducting our analysis, we may not substitute

our judgment for that of the trial court unless it is clear from the record that the trial court could

reach only one decision. Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228 (citing Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 839

(Tex. 1992)).

                                      Temporary Injunction

       As an initial matter, because Tom’s last argument is dispositive with regard to the granting

of the temporary injunction, we address it first. As stated above, Tom contends the temporary
                                                 -6-
                                                                                         04-15-00087-CV

injunction order is void because it does not comply with Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 683.

According to Tom, the order is conclusory because it does not “articulate the reasons” Renee will

suffer irreparable injury if the injunction is not granted. We agree.

        Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 683 states that every order granting an injunction must “set

forth the reasons for its issuance” and “be specific in its terms.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 683. The Texas

Supreme Court has interpreted this rule to require “the order set forth the reasons why the court

deems it proper to issue the writ to prevent injury to the applicant in the interim; that is, the reasons

why the court believes the applicant’s probable right will be endangered if the writ does not issue.”

Transp. Co. v. Robertson Transps., Inc., 152 Tex. 551, 556, 261 S.W.2d 549, 553 (1953); Kotz v.

Imperial Capital Bank, 319 S.W.3d 54, 56 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2010, no pet.); see also State

v. Cook United, Inc., 464 S.W.2d 105, 106 (Tex. 1971) (“[I]t is necessary to give the reasons why

injury will be suffered if the interlocutory relief is not ordered”). When setting forth the reasons

injury will occur, the trial court must set forth specific reasons, not merely conclusory statements.

Kotz, 319 S.W.3d at 56; see also TEX. R. CIV. P. 683 (requiring court’s order granting injunction

to “be specific in terms”). Simply stating a party “will suffer irreparable harm” does not satisfy

Rule 683’s specificity requirement. AutoNation, Inc. v. Hatfield, 186 S.W.3d 576, 582 (Tex.

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, no pet.); see also Indep. Capital Mgmt., LLC v. Collins, 261
S.W.3d 792, 795–96 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.); Univ. Interscholastic League v. Torres,

616 S.W.2d 355, 358 (Tex. Civ. App.—San Antonio 1981, no writ). This procedural requirement

for specificity is mandatory and must be strictly followed; an order granting a temporary injunction

that fails to strictly comply with the specificity requirement may be declared void and dissolved.

Qwest Commc’ns Corp. v. AT & T Corp., 24 S.W.3d 334, 337 (Tex. 2000) (per curiam); Kotz, 319
S.W.3d at 56; Indep. Capital Mgmt., 261 S.W.3d at 795. A trial court is considered to have abused

                                                  -7-
                                                                                          04-15-00087-CV

its discretion if it issues a temporary injunction order that fails to satisfy the specificity requirement

of Rule 683. Indep. Capital Mgmt., 261 S.W.3d at 795.

        To determine whether an order is sufficiently specific about the injury to be suffered by

the applicant, we look only to the order itself. See AutoNation, Inc., 186 S.W.3d at 582. Here, the

portion of the probate court’s second amended order granting the temporary injunction does not

specify the reasons the writ is necessary to prevent an injury to Renee, the applicant. Instead, the

order simply states, “Petitioner [Renee] will have no adequate remedy at law, and the Petitioner

will be irreparably harmed.” This statement merely sets out the elements necessary for injunctive

relief without identifying how or why Renee will be irreparably harmed. Thus, it is conclusory.

See Indep. Capital Mgmt., 261 S.W.3d 795–96; AutoNation, Inc., 186 S.W.3d at 582;

Interscholastic League, 616 S.W.2d at 358; see also Arkoma Basin Exploration Co. v. FMF

Associates 1990 A, Ltd., 249 S.W.3d 380, 389 n.32 (Tex. 2008) (defining “conclusory” as

“[e]xpressing a factual inference without stating the underlying facts on which the inference is

based.”).

        Although the portion of the order granting the injunction states the probate court’s reasons

for granting injunctive relief are set forth in the attached addendum, the addendum sets out the

actions Tom has taken and the state of his health. It does not specify, as it must, what injury Renee

will suffer in the absence of an injunction. See Robertson Transps., 261 S.W.3d at 553 (requiring

order to set forth why it believes applicant’s probable right will be injured); Kotz, 319 S.W.3d at

56. Here, the addendum contains several conclusory statements regarding injuries allegedly

suffered by the Trust and depositors of Lone Star Capital Bank. For example, on the first page,

the addendum states, “Significant actions by the trustee and his few known statements motivating

those acts negatively impacted the trust and were of particular concern.” It later states, “Both sides

presented evidence that this action [transferring funds from Lone Star Capital Bank to Frost Bank]
                                                   -8-
                                                                                       04-15-00087-CV

impaired the banks [sic] function and could cause other depositors concern.” However, neither of

these statements identify how Renee, the applicant, will suffer harm, nor do they set forth reasons

explaining why injury will result to Renee in the absence of an injunction. See Robertson Transps.,
261 S.W.3d at 553; Kotz, 319 S.W.3d at 56.

       The only part of the addendum that can be construed as setting forth any reason injury will

be suffered in the absence of an injunction states:

       The actions of the trustee will likely damage the trustee’s local brand significantly
       over this next year if not reversed soon and if the major interested parties are not
       reassured that the previous status quo obtain accompanied by stability and calmness
       [sic].

This language, however, does not comply with the strict specificity requirements of Rule 683 as it

fails to identify what injury will occur to Renee or how Renee will suffer an injury as a result if the

injunction is not granted. See Robertson Transps., 261 S.W.3d at 553; Kotz, 319 S.W.3d at 56–

57.

       Accordingly, after reviewing the order and the addendum, we conclude the probate court

failed to identify what harm will occur to Renee or how she will suffer any injury in the absence

of an injunction. See IAC, Ltd., 160 S.W.3d at 201 (“The trial court … must give the reasons why

injury will be suffered if the interlocutory relief is not ordered.”). We therefore hold the portion

of the probate court’s second amended order granting the temporary injunction does not comply

with the requirements of Rule 683. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 683; Kotz, 319 S.W.3d at 56. Thus, we

hold the portion of the order granting the temporary injunction order is void and the temporary

injunction must be dissolved. See Quest, 24 S.W.3d at 337; Kotz, 319 S.W.3d at 56.

                                      Appointment of Receiver

       We now turn to Tom’s challenges regarding the probate court’s appointment of co-

receivers. Whether authorized by statute or by equity, the appointment of a receiver is considered

                                                 -9-
                                                                                     04-15-00087-CV

a harsh, drastic, and extraordinary remedy that must be used cautiously. Benefield, 266 S.W.3d at

31; Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228–29. Only in certain circumstances may a trial court appoint a

receiver over trust property. Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228. Section 114.008(a)(5) of the Texas

Property Code authorizes a court to “appoint a receiver to take possession of the trust property and

administer the trust” if the court finds that “a breach of trust has occurred or might occur.” TEX.

PROP. CODE § 114.008(a)(5) (West 2014); see also Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228. The party seeking

the appointment of a receiver bears the burden of proof to show the existence of circumstances

justifying the appointment of a receiver. Benefield, 266 S.W.3d at 31; Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228–

29.

       In his first issue, Tom contends the probate court abused its discretion in appointing co-

receivers over the Trust assets because there was no evidence he committed a breach of trust or

that a breach of trust might occur so as to support the appointment of co-receivers. In response,

Renee argues she produced evidence establishing Tom committed a breach of trust. According to

Renee, Tom breached his fiduciary duties as trustee when he: (1) severed all contact with Renee

and her children; (2) abruptly withdrew $25 million dollars from Lone Star Capital Bank; (3)

attempted to fire several of the board members of Lone Star Capital Bank; and (4) secretly moved

the Trust’s bookkeeper from Renee’s company’s office to his private condominium.

       A breach of trust occurs when a trustee breaches his statutory or common law fiduciary

duty. See TEX. PROP. CODE § 114.001(b). It is a well-established principle that a trustee is a

fiduciary that is held to a high standard of care when dealing with trust property. See generally

TEX. PROP. CODE §§ 113.051-115.059; Estate of Boylan, No. 01-14-000170-CV, 2015 WL
598531, at*4 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth March 12, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.). As a fiduciary, a

trustee owes an unwavering duty of good faith, fair dealing, loyalty, and fidelity to his or her

beneficiaries when managing the affairs of a trust and its corpus. See Boylan, 2014 WL 598531,
                                               - 10 -
                                                                                      04-15-00087-CV

at *4. Moreover, a trustee owes a duty of full disclosure of all material facts known to him or her

which might affect the rights of beneficiaries. Trostle v. Trostle, 77 S.W.3d 908, 914 (Tex. App.

2002—Amarillo, no pet.) (citing Huie v. DeSahzo, 922 S.W.2d 920, 923–24 (Tex. 1996)). This

fiduciary duty requires that a trustee exercise care and judgment that a person of ordinary prudence,

discretion and intelligence would exercise when managing his or her own affairs. Boylan, 2014
WL 598531, at *4. Furthermore, the existence of strained relations between parties does not

minimize the fiduciary’s duty of full and complete disclosure. Montgomery v. Kennedy, 669
S.W.2d 309, 313 (Tex. 1984). “A trustee can exercise his fiduciary duty in such a negligent manner

that his lack of diligence will result in a breach of his fiduciary duty.” Jewett v. Capital Nat. Bank

of Austin, 618 S.W.2d 109, 112 (Tex. Civ. App.—Waco 1981, writ ref’d n.r.e.). Accordingly, we

must determine whether Tom’s actions constitute a breach of his fiduciary duty, and therefore,

whether a breach of trust occurred or might occur without the appointment of co-receivers.

       To begin, the probate court found there was evidence of a breach of trust to support its

decision to appoint co-receivers. In the addendum to the second amended order, the probate court

stated, “It appears the respondent trustee’s defense is that his actions do not constitute a trust

breach. The court disagrees.” As noted above, Renee produced evidence that Tom severed

communication with her and her children, who were the beneficiaries of the Trust, and he began

moving trust assets and taking actions that could affect the value of the Trust assets. Without

explanation, Tom transferred $4.76 million dollars of Trust funds from Lone Star Capital Bank —

in which the Trust has a ninety-seven percent interest — to Frost National Bank. This transfer was

part of a larger transfer of $25 million. According to Lone Star Capital Bank, although the transfer

had no effect on the bank’s book value, it could have potentially impacted the bank’s market value

in a negative way. Renee also produced evidence that Tom did not provide bank personnel with

any warning of the withdrawal, and as a result, the bank had to sell some securities and obtain a
                                                - 11 -
                                                                                       04-15-00087-CV

short-term loan. She also produced evidence that because of the transfer’s potential to negatively

impact the market value of the bank, a transfer of such magnitude was uncharacteristic of bank

owners.

       The record also contains evidence that Tom attempted to fire several Lone Star Capital

Bank board members. Finally, Renee produced evidence that Tom secretly moved the bookkeeper

of the Trust and told the bookkeeper not to talk to Renee or her children or tell anyone of her

movement. The evidence showed Renee attempted to contact the bookkeeper several times but

was unsuccessful.

       These actions constitute some evidence from which the probate court could have

determined, in its discretion, that Tom committed a breach of trust. As trustee, Tom not only had

a duty to exercise the care and judgment that he would exercise when managing his own affairs,

but also a duty to fully disclose any material facts that might affect Renee and her children’s rights.

See Boylan, 2014 WL 598531, at *4; Trostle, 77 S.W.3d 908 at 914. Tom’s abrupt severance of

all communications with the Trust beneficiaries, his undisclosed transfer of funds that could have

negatively impacted the market value of Lone Star Capital Bank—a Trust asset, his unexplained

attempts to fire members of the Bank’s board—including long-time business associates, and his

concealment of the Trust bookkeeper from the Trust beneficiaries constitute some evidence of

actions a person of ordinary prudence and discretion would not take when managing his own

affairs. See Boylan, 2014 WL 598531, at *4. Tom’s actions also constitute evidence of a failure

to disclose material facts that might have affected the rights of the beneficiaries. Considering all

of the evidence, we hold there was some evidence to establish Tom breached his fiduciary duty

and therefore a breach of trust occurred. See id.; see also TEX. PROP. CODE § 114.001(a)(5). As a

result, we hold the probate court did not abuse its discretion when it ordered the appointment of

                                                 - 12 -
                                                                                     04-15-00087-CV

co-receivers as authorized by section 114.008(a)(5) of the Texas Property Code. See TEX. PROP.

CODE § 114.001(a)(5).

        Tom next argues that the appointment of co-receivers cannot be defended under the

requirements of equity. Specifically, Tom contends the evidence did not establish that Renee

suffered irreparable harm or that less invasive equitable remedies would be inadequate. However,

Tom’s complaint fails because Renee was not required to satisfy the requirements of equity, i.e.,

she was not required to establish she suffered irreparable harm or that no other adequate remedy

at law existed.

        As noted above, the appointment of a receiver may be authorized by statute or by equity.

See Benefield, 266 S.W.3d at 31; Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228–29; see also Fortenberry v.

Cavanaugh, No. 03-04-00816-CV, 2005 WL 1412103, at *2 (Tex. App.—Austin June 16, 2005,

no pet.). Here, Renee requested the appointment of a receiver pursuant to section 114.008(a)(5)

of the Texas Property Code, not based on equity.           Section 114.008(a)(5) authorizes the

appointment of a receiver to take possession of trust property and administer the trust so long as

the court finds that “a breach of trust has occurred or might occur.”           TEX. PROP. CODE

§ 114.008(a)(5). Thus, Renee was not statutorily required to produce evidence showing irreparable

harm or lack of another remedy. The appointment of a receiver is listed as one of many other

equally available remedies that an applicant can request. See TEX. PROP. CODE § 114.008(a)(1)-

(10).   Accordingly, Renee was only required to produce evidence satisfying the statutory

requirements of section 114.008(a)(5), and as discussed above, there was some evidence

establishing a breach of trust occurred so as to support the probate court’s discretionary decision

to appoint co-receivers to oversee the Trust.

        Tom, however, contends that even if a specific statutory provision authorizes the

appointment of a receiver, Renee must still satisfy the rules of equity by establishing she suffered
                                                - 13 -
                                                                                         04-15-00087-CV

irreparable injury and no other remedy at law exists. Tom relies on several cases which contain

the following proposition: “Even if a specific statutory provision authorizes a receivership, a trial

court should not appoint a receiver if another remedy exists at law or in equity that is adequate and

complete.” See Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228–29; see also Benefield, 266 S.W.3d at 31; Fortenberry

v. Cavanaugh, 2005 WL 1412103, at *2. In those cases, the statute authorizing the appointment

of a receiver required the trial court to make an equitable determination that all other remedies

were inadequate. See Benefield, 266 S.W.3d at 31–32 (relying on Texas Nonprofit Corporation

Act, which states receiver may be appointed only if all other remedies are determined by court to

be inadequate); Fortenberry v. Cavanaugh, 2005 WL 1412103, at *2–*3 (same). In fact, both

Benefield and Elliot rely on Rowe v. Rowe, 887 S.W.2d 191, 200–01 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth

1994, writ denied), wherein the petitioner sought the appointment of a receiver under article

7.05(A) of the Business Corporation Act, which specifically required a party seeking the

appointment of a receiver to convince the trial court that “all other remedies available either at law

or in equity are inadequate.” Moreover, in Elliot, the statement relied upon by Tom was dicta. In

Elliot, the court held the trial court abused its discretion in appointing a receiver because the parties

did not receive proper notice of the other party’s request for a receiver and the evidence did not

support the appointment of a receiver without notice—the discussion of proof of another remedy

was not the basis of the court’s decision. See Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228–29 (pointing out that

evidence did not support finding that other remedies were inadequate—finding required to justify

appointment of receiver without notice). Accordingly, these cases are neither instructive nor

applicable as section 114.008(a)(5), the statutory provision relied upon by Renee, does not require

an applicant for a receiver to prove any elements of equity. Thus, we overrule Tom’s second issue.

        Finally, Tom contends the probate court’s appointment of co-receivers was an abuse of

discretion because he was not provided with notice that Renee was seeking the appointment of a
                                                  - 14 -
                                                                                       04-15-00087-CV

receiver. When, as is the case here, a party requests the appointment of a receiver over trust assets,

which include real property interests, Rule 695 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure specifically

provides, in relevant part:

       Except where otherwise provided by statute, no receiver shall be appointed without
       notice to take charge of property which is fixed and immovable. When an
       application for appointment of a receiver to take possession of property of this type
       is filed, the judge or court shall set the same down for hearing and notice of such
       hearing shall be given to the adverse party by serving notice thereof not less than
       three days prior to such hearing. . . .

TEX. R. CIV. P. 695; see also Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228–29; Indep. Am. Sav. Ass’n v. Preston 117

Joint Venture, 753 S.W.2d 749, 750 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1988, no writ.). To determine whether

Tom received proper notice of Renee’s request for the appointment of a receiver, we first examine

Renee’s pleadings. See Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 229. Here, Renee filed an Original Petition for

Removal of Trustee and Application for Temporary Injunctive Relief, wherein she specifically

requested imposition of a temporary restraining order, imposition of a temporary injunction, and

the appointment of a temporary receiver pursuant to section 114.008(a)(5) of the Texas Property

Code. Renee’s request for the appointment of a receiver appears twice in her petition: (1) in section

nine, entitled “Application to Appoint Temporary Conservator for Trust,” wherein Renee states,

“Petitioner requests that pending final trial the Court order the appointment of a temporary receiver

. . . ;” and (2) in section thirteen, entitled “Requests for Relief,” wherein Renee lists the

appointment of a receiver as a type of relief sought.

       The day after Renee filed her original petition, the probate court rendered the requested

temporary restraining order, setting a hearing on Renee’s other requests. Approximately two

weeks later, the probate court held a two-day evidentiary hearing, of which all the parties had

notice and all the parties appeared and presented evidence regarding Tom’s actions. At the

conclusion of the hearing, the probate court orally appointed co-receivers to take possession of the

                                                - 15 -
                                                                                      04-15-00087-CV

trust property and manage it. That same day, the probate court rendered a written order appointing

co-receivers, and the order was subsequently amended twice, albeit without additional hearings.

       Based on the foregoing, we conclude the record establishes Tom had notice of the relief

requested by Renee, i.e., that she sought the appointment of a receiver. Her petition—the sole

pleading before the probate court prior to the evidentiary hearing—specifically notified Tom of

her request for appointment of a receiver.

       Tom relies on Elliot to support his position that he did not receive notice that Renee was

seeking the appointment of a receiver. In Elliot, the court held the trial court abused its discretion

in appointing a receiver over real property held by a trust because the parties did not receive the

notice required by Rule 695. See Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 229. However, we hold Elliot is

distinguishable. In Elliot, the court reviewed the applicant’s pleadings and pointed out, “Nowhere

in his pleadings does Weatherman use the term ‘receiver’ or request that the court transfer control

of trust assets to a third party.” Elliot, 396 S.W.3d at 228. Thus, unlike Renee, Weatherman did

not plead for the appointment of a receiver. See id.

       Tom also argues the language used to set the evidentiary hearing in this case did not

mention the term “receivership,” and therefore, he did not receive notice of Renee’s request for a

receiver. We again disagree. As detailed above, the only pleading on file prior to the evidentiary

hearing was Renee’s petition, wherein she specifically requested injunctive relief and the

appointment of receiver. See O&G Carriers, Inc. v. Smith Energy 1986-A Partnership, 826
S.W.2d 703, 707 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1992, no writ) (stating use of phrase “escrow

agent” instead of “receiver” was not of substantial significance to support no notice argument).

       Finally, Tom argues he did not receive notice or an opportunity to be heard when the

probate court amended its order appointing co-receivers on two different occasions without a

hearing. However, Tom does not cite any authority—nor have we found any—for the proposition
                                                - 16 -
                                                                                   04-15-00087-CV

that a party must be notified and provided with an opportunity to be heard before a court amends

an order appointing a receiver. Rule 29.5 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure authorizes a

trial court to modify or amend an original order so long as those modifications do not interfere

with or impair the appellate court’s jurisdiction. TEX. R. APP. P. 29.5. Nowhere does the rule

require additional notice or an additional hearing. Accordingly, we hold the probate court was

authorized to amend the original order without providing the parties with additional notice or a

second or third hearing. See id. The record establishes the original order was amended to allow

the co-receivers access to certain trust property; the amended order also expanded the temporary

restraining order into a temporary injunction, enjoining Tom from acting as trustee of the Trust,

which as discussed above, did not comply with Rule 683.

       Accordingly, we overrule Tom’s notice issue and hold the evidence in the record

establishes Tom received the required notice prior to the two-day evidentiary hearing and

subsequent rendition of orders. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 695.

                                         CONCLUSION

       Based on the forgoing, we reverse the portion of the probate court’s order granting

temporary injunctive relief and render judgment dissolving the temporary injunction. However,

we affirm the portion of the probate court’s order appointing temporary co-receivers.

                                                 Marialyn Barnard, Justice

                                              - 17 -