Court Opinion

ID: 4871
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 05:00:00+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:30:44.301370
License: Public Domain

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                      FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

                    _________________________
                            No. 91-7041
                        (Summary Calendar)
                    _________________________

In the Matter of First Financial
Development Corporation,

                                         Debtor,

Helen R. Adams, Independent
Executrix of the Estate of
Janie Hughston,
                                         Appellant,

                              versus

First Financial Development
Corporation,
                                         Appellee.
_________________________________________________________________
           Appeal from the United States District Court
                for the Northern District of Texas

_________________________________________________________________
                       ( April    17, 1992)

                          ON REHEARING

Before JONES, DUHÉ, and WIENER, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

     Today we revisit the opinions we rendered in this case on

February 12, 1992,1 and on March 20, 1992.2   We do so to consider

     1
      In the Matter of First Financial Development Corporation,
Debtor, Helen R. Adams, Independent Executrix of the Estate of
Janie Hughston, Appellant v. First Financial Development
Corporation, Appellee, 953 F.2d 219 (5th Cir. 1992).
     2
      In the Matter of First Financial Development Corporation,
Debtor, Helen R. Adams, Independent Executrix of the Estate of
Janie Hughston, Appellant v. First Financial Development
Corporation, Appellee, No. 91-7041, slip op. at 3592 (5th Cir.
March 20, 1992).
whether, under the precedent of our opinion in In the Matter of

Texas Extrusion Corp.,3 we had jurisdiction to entertain this

appeal in the first place.    On our own motion,4 we have granted

rehearings and determined that indeed we lacked jurisdiction to

hear this appeal.    We therefore vacate our earlier opinions,

dismiss this appeal, and remand the case to the district court that

first heard the appeal from the bankruptcy court.   In so doing we

urge the district court to re-examine its own jurisdiction to hear

its appeal of the bankruptcy court's order affecting a disclosure

statement when that order is granted prior to the bankruptcy

court's confirmation of the debtor's plan of reorganization under

Chapter 11.

                                I.

                              FACTS

     In May of 1989, Janie Hughston obtained a Texas state court

judgment against First Financial Development Corporation (First

Financial) in the principal sum of $987,396.90, together with ten

percent post-judgment interest and court costs, none of which has

     3
      844 F.2d 1142 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 926, 109
S. Ct. 311, 102 L. Ed. 2d 330 (1988).
     4
      Based on the suggestion of a judge in active service on
this court, for whose vigilance we are indebted, we originally
granted rehearing on the issue of our jurisdiction under 28
U.S.C. § 158(d). Based on that rehearing, we issued our first
opinion. Shortly after that opinion was released, but before the
mandate issued, the Supreme Court decided Connecticut National
Bank v. Germain, 112 S. Ct. 1146 (1992). We again held the
mandate to determine the effect, if any, of Germain on our
conclusion.

                                2
been paid.       That judgment is currently on appeal to the Texas

Supreme Court.

      In October of 1989, First Financial filed a voluntary Chapter

11   proceeding    in   the    United       States   Bankruptcy   Court   for   the

Northern District of Texas.                 Shortly after the bankruptcy was

filed, Janie Hughston died, and Appellant Helen R. Adams was

appointed independent executrix of her estate.

      Pursuant    to    11    U.S.C.    §    1125,   First   Financial    filed   a

disclosure statement with the bankruptcy court in anticipation of

confirmation of its plan of reorganization.                  Adams made numerous

objections to the disclosure statement including, inter alia, that

the statement should contain information regarding suits currently

pending against Robert E. Williams, the president, sole director,

and a forth-five percent shareholder of First Financial.5                       The

suits referred to by Adams were filed by third parties against Mr.

Williams personally, not in his capacity as a principal in First

Financial, and none has been reduced to judgment.

      The bankruptcy court overruled that particular objection to

the disclosure statement, and declined to require First Financial

to include information about Mr. Williams's personal suits in the

disclosure statement. We hasten to add that the bankruptcy court's

order was not an order approving the disclosure statement.                      The

court merely overruled some of Appellant's objections (including

      5
      June Williams, wife of Robert E. Williams, is
secretary/treasurer and also owns forty-five percent of the
stock. Their daughter, Chris Regans, owns the remaining ten
percent share.

                                            3
the one that forms the basis of this appeal) and sustained others,

instructing First Financial to include other information in an

amended disclosure statement in order to propitiate those of

Adams's objections that the court found meritorious.

     Adams appealed the bankruptcy court's decision to the district

court insofar as that decision relates to the inclusion of personal

information with respect to Mr. Williams. The district court heard

the appeal and affirmed the bankruptcy court's decision.          Adams

then filed a notice of appeal of the district court's judgment.

                                 II.

                               ANALYSIS

     After this panel heard Adams's appeal, filed an opinion, and

disseminated   the   slip   opinion,   we   revisited   the   issue   of

jurisdiction sua sponte.    When we did so we discovered that indeed

we did not have jurisdiction.    We immediately ordered the mandate

of our prior opinion held, and now vacate that decision for the

reasons set forth below.

     In In re Delta Services Industries6 we observed that the

limits of our jurisdiction to hear appeals from bankruptcy matters

are described by the unique jurisdictional relationship between the

bankruptcy court and the district court, and by 28 U.S.C. §158(d),

which provides that "courts of appeal shall have jurisdiction of

appeals from all final decisions, judgments, orders, and decrees"7

     6
      782 F.2d 1267 (5th Cir. 1986).
     7
      (emphasis added).

                                  4
of district courts or bankruptcy appellate panels.                     In Delta

Services we concluded that it is not only the finality of the

district court decision that constrains us but also that "we must

focus on the nature of the underlying bankruptcy court order to

determine whether we have jurisdiction.          We have jurisdiction only

if the underlying bankruptcy court order was final."8                 Therefore,

under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d), interlocutory orders of the bankruptcy

court cannot appropriately be reviewed by courts of appeals,

notwithstanding the discretion afforded by the Rules of Bankruptcy

Procedure to the district court to entertain review of non-final

orders.9       Congress has granted the courts of appeals no such

discretion, so we are authorized to review only final orders of the

bankruptcy court.

      Very recently, however, the Supreme Court in Connecticut

National Bank v. Germain10 concluded that 28 U.S.C. § 158 is not the

exclusive provision governing bankruptcy appellate jurisdiction.

The   Court     reasoned   that,    notwithstanding      §    158's   grant    of

jurisdiction to the courts of appeals for review only of final

orders of the bankruptcy court, one who is dissatisfied with an

interlocutory      order   of   a   bankruptcy   court       has   available   an

alternative avenue of appeal of such an order:               the same grant of

jurisdiction afforded the federal courts of appeals in 28 U.S.C. §

      8
782 F.2d at 1268.
      9
       See 28 U.S.C. § 158(a); Bankruptcy Rule 8003.
      10
           112 S. Ct. 1146 (1992).

                                       5
1292(b),11 which allows a court of appeals to hear an appeal of any

certified interlocutory order of a district court.

     Recognizing now the import of both § 158(d) and § 1292 and

their applicability to the instant case, we nevertheless conclude

that we have no jurisdiction to hear this appeal.           In In the Matter

of Texas Extrusion Corp.12 we reasoned that an order approving a

disclosure statement is not a final, appealable order because it is

     only one step in the process of the approval and confirmation
     of a plan of reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy
     Code. By no stretch of the imagination does the approval of
     a disclosure statement resolve any discrete dispute among the
     various parties involved within the larger bankruptcy
     proceeding or determine the rights of the parties to secure
     their requested relief.13

     In the instant case, the bankruptcy court order that was

appealed to the district court and then to us is not one approving

the disclosure statement, as was the order in Texas Extrusion.

Rather,     the   order   in   question   here   is   one   overruling   some

     11
          28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) provides in pertinent part:
              When a district judge, in making in a civil action an
              order not otherwise appealable under this section,
              shall be of the opinion that such order involves a
              controlling question of law as to which there is
              substantial ground for difference of opinion and that
              an immediate appeal from the order may materially
              advance the ultimate termination of the litigation, he
              shall so state in writing in such order. The Court of
              Appeals which would have jurisdiction of an appeal of
              such action may thereupon, in its discretion, permit an
              appeal to be taken from such order, if application is
              made to it within ten days after the entry of the
              order.
     12
      In our first opinion the instant case, we cited Texas
Extrusion in support of our pronouncement of standard of review.
We were remiss at that time in not recognizing that it also
governed our jurisdiction.
     13
844 F.2d at 1155.

                                      6
objections and sustaining other objections made by Adams to the

proposed disclosure statement.    The subject order was issued even

before there was any approval of a disclosure statement, much less

a plan of reorganization.14   Under these circumstances, the subject

order is even less dispositive in the confirmation process than an

order approving a disclosure statement, such as the one that we

found lacking in finality in Texas Extrusion.

     The interlocutory nature of the instant order is still more

apparent when we recognize that Adams may well object to First

Financial's next amended disclosure statement when filed, and to

the one following that, and so on ad nauseam, until in Adams's view

First Financial finally "gets it right."             To allow Adams to appeal

the result of each such repeated "bite of the apple" would be a

true waste of judicial resources and in direct contravention to the

concept   of   final   adjudication       in   the    bankruptcy   courts   as

contemplated by Congress when it enacted the Bankruptcy Code.

     Because the orders of the bankruptcy court, and hence the

district court, are clearly interlocutory, we have no jurisdiction

under § 158(d).    Because the district court did not certify its

decision for appeal, we have no jurisdiction under § 1292(b).15

     14
      It is our understanding that the confirmation process in
this case, including the filing of a disclosure statement to
conform with the order on appeal, has been suspended pending the
outcome of this appeal.
     15
      We cannot escape a certain irony in this situation. If
prior to Germain, the district court had certified its decision
for appeal under § 1292(b), we would have been forced to the same
conclusion we reach today, for under our prior precedent, even
certification would not have saved this appeal.

                                      7
     We hasten to add that Adams is not being denied her right to

appeal     in   this   case.   If   she   remains   dissatisfied   with   the

disclosure statement, she may, when a plan is ultimately confirmed

by the bankruptcy court, appeal to the district court and if

necessary to this court under § 158(d).             In the interim, as we

explained, Adams may also take advantage of the mechanism by which

she may seek to appeal interlocutory orders of the bankruptcy court

to the district court but only with the latter court's permission.16

In addition, Adams may seek to appeal any interlocutory decision of

the district court under § 1292(b).17

     We find nothing in the record to indicate that the district

court considered its own jurisdiction to hear this interlocutory

appeal, or that Adams followed the procedures prescribed by the

Bankruptcy Rules for requesting leave of the district court to

appeal an interlocutory order.18          Therefore, we urge the district

court to consider whether Adams properly sought leave to appeal

this interlocutory order to the district court and whether the

court granted such leave, even implicitly, without leave having

been sought by Adams.19

     16
      See 28 U.S.C. 158(a); Bankruptcy Rules 8001(b) and
8003(a).
     17
       Of course, any appeal of an order under § 1292(b) can only
be had with the discretion of the court of appeals. See note 11
supra.
     18
          See Bankruptcy Rule 8003(a).
     19
          See In re Jartran, Inc., 886 F.2d 859, 865-66 (7th Cir.
1989).

                                      8
                                     III.

                                  CONCLUSION

      For the foregoing reasons, our prior opinion and holding in

this case are VACATED, the appeal to this court is DISMISSED, and

the   case   is   REMANDED   to   the   district   court   for   proceedings

consistent with this opinion.

                                        9