Court Opinion

ID: 2796526
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-04-24 22:04:59.262493+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:29:19.080086
License: Public Domain

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,               :     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                            :          PENNSYLVANIA
                          Appellee          :
                                            :
                    v.                      :
                                            :
                                            :
PHILIP J. MCKAY, JR.,                       :
                                            :
                          Appellant         :     No. 714 WDA 2014

           Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence November 25, 2013
                  In the Court of Common Pleas of Elk County
               Criminal Division No(s).: CP-24-CR-0000303-2011

BEFORE: DONOHUE, MUNDY, and FITZGERALD,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY FITZGERALD, J.:                          FILED APRIL 24, 2015

        Appellant, Philip J. McKay, Jr., appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered in the Elk County Court of Common Pleas following an open guilty

plea to access device fraud1 and a bench trial for the sole determination of

the amount of restitution.     Appellant challenges the amount of restitution

ordered by the court. We affirm.

        We state the facts and procedural history as follows.

              By criminal complaint filed October 6, 2011,
           defendant/appellant Philip James McKay, Jr., was charged
           with two counts of access device fraud, 18 Pa. C.S.A.

*
    Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
    18 Pa.C.S. § 4106(a)(1)(iv).
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        4106(a)(1)(ii) and (iv); one count of theft by unlawful
        taking or disposition, 18 Pa. C.S.A. 3921(a); one count of
        receiving stolen property, 18 Pa. C.S.A. 3921(a); and one
        count of theft by failure to make required disposition of
        funds received, 18 Pa. C.S.A. 3925(a), with all of the
        offenses being graded as felonies of the third degree. The
        charges related to funds administered by him for the
        Ridgway Volunteer Fire Department (RVFD). Ultimately, as
        a result of plea negotiations, the defendant pled guilty on
        December 21, 2012, to the offense of access device fraud,
        18 Pa. C.S.A. 4106(1)(iv), graded as a misdemeanor of
        the first degree.[2]

            The record was kept open and sentencing was deferred
        to permit counsel for the Commonwealth and [Appellant]
        to supplement the evidence with regard to the restitution
        claims of the RVFD. After having received the second joint
        stipulation of counsel which addressed restitution, this
        Court entered Findings and an Order on November 8,
        2013, the net effect of which was that the amount of
        restitution determined to be owed by the defendant was
        $10,698.43. [Appellant] was subsequently sentenced on
        November 25, 2013, to a five year period of probation and,
        inter alia, to pay restitution in the aforesaid amount to the
        RVFD.[3]

           A timely post-sentence motion was filed on behalf of the
        defendant on December 5, 2013, in the nature of a motion
        to modify the sentence imposed by this Court, with the
        only issue raised by [Appellant] in his post-sentence
        motion being the amount of restitution he was ordered to
        pay.        Curiously,   the   amounts      disputed     by
        defendant/appellant in Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of his post-
        sentence motion totaled only $10,353.92 and therefore

2
  In exchange for a lesser gradation, Appellant agreed the court could order
him to pay restitution in an amount exceeding the statutory limit for a
misdemeanor of the first degree. N.T., 12/21/12, at 22. Appellant does not
challenge on appeal this aspect of his plea.
3
  Per 18 Pa.C.S. § 1106, the amount of restitution was properly set at the
time of sentencing.

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           less than the total amount of restitution ordered to be paid
           in the amount of $10,698.43. This disparity is consistent
           with the lack of specificity provided by [Appellant] in the
           promotion of his claims that the Court erred in its
           determination of the amount of restitution owed.

Trial Ct. Op., 6/20/14, at 1-2.

        We add that at the December 21, 2012 plea hearing, the court heard

testimony and evidence regarding the amount owed. Approximately 60 out

of over 160 transactions were in dispute. See generally Joint Ex. 1. The

fire chief testified that he had to approve the expense in order for

reimbursement to occur.           N.T., 12/21/12, at 52-53.       Two additional

witnesses      also   testified   for   the   Commonwealth    about     Appellant’s

unauthorized expenditures.         See generally id.     Appellant also testified

about some of the transactions, contending that many of them were

substantiated by documents or implicitly authorized. See, e.g., id. at 57-58

(referencing a receipt for a December 3, 2008 transaction for $83.96 for

batteries). On March 11, 2013, and August 9, 2013, the parties stipulated

that Appellant owed $5,435.63.4 On November 8, 2013, the court entered

the order above, and denied Appellant’s post-sentence motion on April 3,

2014. Appellant timely appealed and timely filed a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P.

1925(b) statement.

        Appellant raises the following issue:

4
    Neither stipulation was included as part of the certified record.

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         Whether the trial court erred in ordering [Appellant] to pay
         restitution to the Ridgway Volunteer Fire Department in
         the amount of . . . $10,698.43 . . . due to
         Commonwealth’s lack of evidence and [Appellant’s]
         testimony showing that the alleged transactions were
         legitimate Ridgway Volunteer Fire Department transactions
         [sic] and the [trial court] not giving [Appellant] credit for
         repayment.

Appellant’s Brief at 4.

      In support of his sole issue, Appellant claims the trial court failed to

accept   his     uncontradicted   testimony   on   the   following:   (1)   disputed

transactions for which he had a receipt; (2) disputed transactions for which

he had no receipt; and (3) payments he made to RVFD. He concedes guilt

to unlawful use of RVFD funds for personal use but maintains the restitution

amount ordered by the trial court does not reflect the actual loss by RVFD or

any payments he made. We are reluctantly constrained to hold Appellant is

due no relief.

      As a prefatory matter, we acknowledge that when a defendant enters

a guilty plea, he waives his right to “challenge on appeal all non-

jurisdictional defects except the legality of [his] sentence and the validity of

[his] plea.”     Commonwealth v. Pantalion, 957 A.2d 1267, 1271 (Pa.

Super. 2008) (citation omitted). However, “where a plea agreement is an

open one as opposed to one for a negotiated sentence, unquestionably, after

sentencing the defendant can properly request reconsideration as the court

alone decided the sentence and no bargain for a stated term, agreed upon

by the parties, is involved.” Commonwealth v. Coles, 530 A.2d 453, 457

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(Pa. Super. 1987); accord Commonwealth v. Dalberto, 648 A.2d 16, 21

(Pa. Super. 1994) (“We believe that justice requires that we treat this case

as an ‘open’ plea and permit an appeal to the discretionary aspects of

sentencing.”).    “[W]here the challenge is premised upon a claim that the

restitution   order   is   excessive,   it   involves   a   discretionary   aspect   of

sentencing.”     In re M.W., 725 A.2d 729, 731 n.4 (Pa. 1999) (citation

omitted).

      This Court has stated that

              [c]hallenges to the discretionary aspects of
              sentencing do not entitle an appellant to appellate
              review as of right. Prior to reaching the merits of a
              discretionary sentencing issue:

                 [W]e conduct a four part analysis to
                 determine: (1) whether appellant has filed a
                 timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 902 and
                 903; (2) whether the issue was properly
                 preserved at sentencing or in a motion to
                 reconsider    and     modify    sentence,    see
                 Pa.R.Crim.P. [720]; (3) whether appellant’s
                 brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and
                 (4) whether there is a substantial question that
                 the sentence appealed from is not appropriate
                 under the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
                 9781(b).

         Objections to the discretionary aspects of a sentence are
         generally waived if they are not raised at the sentencing
         hearing or raised in a motion to modify the sentence
         imposed at that hearing.

Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533-34 (Pa. Super. 2006) (some

citations and punctuation omitted).

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         [T]he Rule 2119(f) statement must specify where the
         sentence falls in relation to the sentencing guidelines and
         what particular provision of the Code is violated (e.g., the
         sentence is outside the guidelines and the court did not
         offer any reasons either on the record or in writing, or
         double-counted factors already considered). Similarly, the
         Rule 2119(f) statement must specify what fundamental
         norm the sentence violates and the manner in which it
         violates that norm . . . .

Commonwealth v. Googins, 748 A.2d 721, 727 (Pa. Super. 2000) (en

banc).   “Our inquiry must focus on the reasons for which the appeal is

sought, in contrast to the facts underlying the appeal, which are necessary

only to decide the appeal on the merits.” Id.

     Instantly, Appellant timely appealed, preserved his issue in his post-

sentence motion, and included a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement in his brief.

See Evans, 901 A.2d at 533.            Appellant’s Rule 2119(f) statement

substantially complies with Goggins, as it alleges that the amount of

restitution was not supported by the record and thus, was excessive.5 See

In re M.W., 725 A.2d at 731 n.4. Accordingly, we examine the merits.

     Restitution is mandated by statute. 18 Pa.C.S. § 1106; 42 Pa.C.S. §

9754. Our Supreme Court held that restitution is treated differently when it

is imposed as a condition of probation, as opposed to when it is a sentence:

         When imposed as a sentence, the injury to property or
         person for which restitution is ordered must directly result
         from the crime. However, when restitution is ordered

5
 Moreover, the Commonwealth did not object on the basis of a deficient
Rule 2119(f) statement.

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        as a condition of probation, the sentencing court is
        accorded the latitude to fashion probationary
        conditions designed to rehabilitate the defendant
        and provide some measure of redress to the victim. .
        ..

        Such sentences are encouraged and give the trial court the
        flexibility to determine all the direct and indirect
        damages caused by a defendant and then permit the
        court to order restitution so that the defendant will
        understand the egregiousness of his conduct, be deterred
        from repeating this conduct, and be encouraged to live in a
        responsible way.

        Thus, the requirement of a nexus between the
        damage and the offense is relaxed where restitution
        is ordered as a condition of probation.

In re M.W., 725 A.2d at 732 (citations omitted and emphases added).

     Our Superior Court has similarly reiterated:

        While restitution cannot be indiscriminate, an indirect
        connection between the criminal activity and the loss is
        sufficient.

           This more liberal standard for ordering restitution is
        consistent with the rehabilitative purposes of probation.
        Thus, even without direct causation, a court may properly
        impose restitution as a probationary condition if the court
        is satisfied that the restitution is designed to rehabilitate
        the defendant and to make some measure of
        reimbursement to the victim.         Such sentences afford
        courts latitude to order restitution so that offenders will
        understand the egregiousness of their conduct, be
        deterred from re-offending, and be encouraged to live
        responsibly. They also give sentencing courts flexibility to
        determine all direct and indirect damages caused by an
        offender.

Commonwealth v. Harriott, 919 A.2d 234, 238 (Pa. Super. 2007)

(citations omitted and emphasis added); cf. Commonwealth v. Reed, 543

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A.2d 587, 589 (Pa. Super. 1988) (holding restitution imposed as part of

sentence “must be supported by the record; it may not be speculative or

excessive.”).

          Thus, recompense to the victim is only a secondary
          benefit, as restitution is not an award of damages.
          Although restitution is penal in nature, it is highly favored
          in the law and encouraged so that the criminal will
          understand the egregiousness of his or her conduct, be
          deterred from repeating the conduct, and be encouraged
          to live in a responsible. Thus, restitution, at its core,
          involves concepts of rehabilitation and deterrence.

Commonwealth v. Brown, 981 A.2d 893, 895-96 (Pa. 2009) (citations

omitted and emphasis added).

      Instantly, there were approximately sixty disputed transactions. See

generally Joint Ex. 1.       The court heard witness testimony, accepted

evidence regarding these transactions, and gave each the appropriate

weight.    See generally N.T., 12/21/12, at 25-113.         We have carefully

reviewed the record and cannot conclude the trial court abused its

discretion.   See In re M.W., 725 A.2d at 732 (holding sentencing court

afforded flexibility and latitude to calculate direct and indirect damages when

restitution is ordered as condition of probation); accord Brown, 981 A.2d at

895-96 (holding compensation to victim is secondary benefit); Harriott, 919
A.2d at 238. We affirm the judgment of sentence below. See Evans, 901
A.2d at 533-34.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/24/2015

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