Court Opinion

ID: 2715207
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-08-06 17:19:51.019015+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:51:11.639235
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

In the Matter of the Parentage of
                                                    No. 70025-1-1
D.M.,
                      Minor child.                  DIVISION ONE

KEVIN SUVER,                                        UNPUBLISHED OPINION

                      Appellant

                and

REBECCA MALLOY,
                                                    FILED: March 17,2014
                      Respondent.

          Grosse, J. — A party seeking to modify a parenting plan must provide

evidence to establish the facts supporting the requested modification. Where the

evidence fails to establish adequate cause for a hearing, the court must deny the

motion.     Here, the evidence submitted by the father failed to demonstrate a

substantial change in circumstances that was not contemplated when the original

parenting plan was entered.          Therefore, the trial court properly exercised its

discretion in determining there was not adequate cause for a hearing.             We

affirm.

                                          FACTS

          Kevin Suver and Rebecca Malloy are the parents of D.M., a four-year-old

girl. In July 2011, when D.M. was a year old, the court entered a final parenting

plan. The plan provides for D.M. to reside with Malloy the majority of the time,

but also provides for residential time with Suver on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and

alternating weekends.        The first alternating weekend, Suver's residential

weekend starts at 10:00 a.m. on Sunday and on the second alternating weekend,
No. 70025-1-1/2

it starts at 5:00 p.m. on Saturday. Suver's residential weekends end on Monday

morning by 9:00 a.m. or earlier, depending on day care opening hours. Suver

was unemployed at the time the parenting plan was entered.

       In June 2012, Suver filed a motion to modify the residential provisions of

the parenting plan. He alleged a substantial change of circumstances based on

the fact that he had obtained employment and his work schedule made it "very

difficult, if not impossible" to adhere to the residential weekend times as set forth

in the parenting plan.

       Suver filed a declaration in support of his motion. He listed the following

"primary" reasons for seeking modification: (1) his work schedule interfered with

the requirement that he return D.M. to day care on alternate Monday mornings,

(2) a prior court order regarding the manner of exchanging the child was

unworkable in the long term, (3) Malloy refused to provide information about the

child, (4) Malloy refused to allow his fiancee to transport the child which inhibited

his ability to exercise his residential time, (5) the parenting plan did not provide

for certain holidays to alternate on a yearly basis until the child reaches first

grade, and (6) the dispute resolution provisions of the parenting plan were

ineffective. With respect to his work schedule, Suver said that while D.M.'s day

care would allow him to drop her off at 6:30 a.m., it was impossible for him to do

so because his work starts at 6:00 a.m. Suver proposed a residential schedule

that would provide for residential time every other weekend from Friday at 3:30

p.m. until 7:00 p.m. on Sunday.

       A court commissioner determined there was not adequate cause for a

hearing on the motion to modify because Suver failed to show an unanticipated
                                          2
No. 70025-1-1/3

substantial change in circumstances.           The commissioner's order denied the

motion without prejudice, stating: "The parenting plan contemplated a change in

work schedule and the father's schedule does not conflict."

       Suver filed a motion to revise the commissioner's ruling. Among other

issues, he challenged the commissioner's determination that his work schedule

did not conflict with the residential provisions of the parenting plan.

       Following a     hearing, the superior court declined to revise the

commissioner's order.1 The superiorcourt determined:
       The Petitioner did not establish the existence of a substantial
       change of circumstances. The petitioner alleged a change in his
       work schedule made the parenting plan impractical to follow. The
       parenting plan was entered at a time the petitioner was not
       employed and contemplated that the petitioner would become
       employed. The petitioner did not establish that his work hours were
       unanticipated, nor that the work hours made the parenting plan
       impractical to follow. Other allegations made by the petitioner
       related to the conflict between the parties were not new, and did not
       otherwise rise to the level of establishing adequate cause sufficient
       to justify a trial, or change to the residential schedule or other
       provisions in the parenting plan.

       The trial court later denied Suver's motion for reconsideration and he now

appeals.

                                     ANALYSIS

       Suver challenges the denial of his motion to modify the parenting plan and

the determination that he failed to establish adequate cause for a hearing.

Malloy has not filed a brief in response to Suver's appeal.

1 The court did, however, strike the commissioner's finding that the parties failed
to engage in alternative dispute resolution in good faith and determined that the
commissioner improperly inquired into settlement negotiations.
                                           3
No. 70025-1-1/4

       RCW 26.09.260(5) provides for minor modifications to the residential

terms of a parenting plan. The applicable provision, RCW 26.09.260(5)(b),

states, in relevant part:

       The court may order adjustments to the residential aspects of a
       parenting plan upon a showing of a substantial change in
       circumstances of either parent or of the child ... if the proposed
       modification is only a minor modification in the residential schedule
       that does not change the residence the child is scheduled to reside
       in the majority of the time and:

                      (b) Is based on a change of residence of the parent with
       whom the child does not reside the majority of the time or an
       involuntary change in work schedule by a parent which makes the
       residential schedule in the parenting plan impractical to follow;
                [2]

       According to RCW 26.09.270, a party seeking to modify a final parenting

plan must file a motion supported by an affidavit "setting forth facts supporting

the requested order or modification." The court "shall deny the motion unless it

finds that adequate cause for hearing the motion is established by the

affidavits."3

        In an appeal from a decision granting or denying a motion to revise a

commissioner's ruling, we review the decision of the superior court on revision,

not the commissioner's ruling.4           Where, as here, the superior court makes

2 Minor modifications also do not exceed 24 full days in a year, nor result in a
schedule that exceeds 90 overnights per year in total. RCW 26.09.260(5)(a), (c).
3 RCW 26.09.270.
4 In re Marriage of Williams, 156 Wash. App. 22, 27, 232 P.3d 573 (2010); Boeing
Emps. Credit Union v. Burns, 167 Wash. App. 265, 270, 272 P.3d 908, review
denied. 175Wn.2d 1008(2012).
                                              4
No. 70025-1-1/5

independent findings and conclusions, the order on revision supersedes the

commissioner's ruling.5
      A trial court's adequate cause determination under RCW 26.09.270 will

not be reversed absent an abuse of discretion.6 Discretion is abused if the

court's decision is manifestly unreasonable or based on untenable grounds or

untenable reasons.7

      "The primary purpose of the threshold adequate cause requirement is to
                                                                                 o

prevent movants from harassing nonmovants by obtaining a useless hearing."

At a minimum, adequate cause requires the production of evidence sufficient to

support a finding on each fact the moving party must prove to modify the

parenting plan.9
      To establish adequate cause, the petitioner has the burden of showing a

substantial change of circumstances.10      The determination of a substantial
change must be grounded on facts that "have arisen since the prior decree or

plan or that were unknown to the court at the time of the prior decree or plan."11
Unknown facts are those not anticipated by the court at the time of the prior

decree or plan.12

5 In re Guardianship of Knutson, 160 Wash. App. 854, 863, 250 P.3d 1072 (2011);
In re Marriage of Dodd. 120 Wash. App. 638, 644, 86 P.3d 801 (2004).
6 In re Parentage of Jannot. 149 Wash. 2d 123, 126, 65 P.3d 664 (2003); in_re
Marriage of Tomsovic. 118 Wash. App. 96, 104, 74 P.3d 692 (2003).
7 In re Marriage of Littlefield. 133 Wash. 2d 39, 46-47, 940 P.2d 1362 (1997).
8 In re Marriage of Adler, 131 Wash. App. 717, 724, 129 P.3d 293 (2006).
9 In re Marriage of Lemke. 120 Wash. App. 536, 540, 85 P.3d 966 (2004).
10 Tomsovic. 118 Wash. App. at 106.
11 RCW 26.09.260(1).
12 In re Marriage of Hoseth, 115 Wash. App. 563, 570, 63 P.3d 164 (2003).
                                        5
No. 70025-1-1/6

        Suver claims that he established a substantial change of circumstances

because while it was contemplated that his employment status would change, his

actual work hours were unknown and could not have been anticipated.                  He

further contends that Malloy does not seriously dispute that his work begins at

6:00 a.m., and therefore, the court necessarily erred in concluding that it is

practical to continue to follow the 2011 parenting plan provisions. Finally, he

argues that we must review the superior court's decision de novo, because the

court's ruling hinges on its interpretation of the statutory term "impractical."13
        But to the contrary, the dispositive issue is not the court's interpretation of

"impracticality" under RCW 26.09.260(5)(b), but its determination that Suver

failed to meet the substantial change in circumstances threshold. And we do not

review this issue de novo because it is well-settled that the trial court, not this

court, stands in the best position to determine whether submitted documentary

evidence establishes adequate cause for a full hearing on a motion to modify a

parenting plan.14 Here, Suver's declaration in support of modification stated the

following facts:

                I am employed as a technical support worker in shipping and
         receiving. From November 2011 until very recently (when I was
         laid off due to production cuts), I was employed on a temporary
         basis by Volt, a temporary staffing agency. My work hours during
        that time frame were 6:00 a.m. until 2:30 p.m., Monday through
         Friday.   The Parenting Plan now in effect has my residential
        weekend time ending at 9:00 a.m. two Mondays a month.

13
     See RCW 26.09.260(5)(b).
14 See Jannot. 149 Wash. 2d at 126; Tomsovic. 118 Wash. App. at 104; In re
Marriage of Kinnan. 131 Wash. App. 738, 749-50, 129 P.3d 807 (2006); in_re
Marriage of Parker. 135 Wash. App. 465, 471, 145 P.3d 383 (2006).
                                           6
No. 70025-1-1/7

      In addition, Suver informed the court that his previous jobsite was in

Everett. He explained that because he was unable to drop D.M. at day care at

6:30 a.m. in Redmond, his fiancee, Wendy Stewart, had been doing so.15 He
claimed this was a hardship for her because it resulted in a long commute and

required waking the child "inordinately early" at 5:30 a.m. which is "not good for

her." In response to Malloy's offer to take the child to day care on Monday

mornings if he brought her home on Sunday evening, he said he was not willing

to do so unless she would agree to start his weekend residential time earlier to

make up for the time he would lose.

      Suver submitted a second declaration about a month later, stating that he

was now reemployed and his current working hours were the same as before:

6:00 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. Suver did not identify his employer, provide the location of

his jobsite, nor state whether his employer had policies on leave or flex time, or

whether he had been denied a request for accommodation. Acknowledging that

the work schedule conflict existed for many months before he filed his motion to

modify, he stated: "I have only been able to work and drop [D.M.] off for the last

10 months because I have to."

      The 2011 parenting plan expressly anticipates a change in Suver's

employment status. Suver provided no facts about his prior employment history

or historical work schedule from which the court could conclude that his actual

work hours were not encompassed within the expectation of his future

employment. While Suver alleged that transporting D.M. on alternate Mondays

15 A January 2013 court order expressly authorizes Stewart to transport the child
to and from day care.
                                         7
No. 70025-1-1/8

was a hardship for Stewart, he did not claim that his reliance on her help with

transportation was unanticipated.       To the extent Suver relied on other

circumstances to warrant modification of the parenting plan provisions—such as

an increasingly hostile relationship with Malloy and the child becoming older—

neither of these circumstances amounts to an unanticipated change.16 Based on
the information before it, the superior court did not abuse its discretion when it

found an absence of adequate cause for a full hearing because Suver's

allegations were insufficient to meet his burden to establish an unanticipated

substantial change in circumstances.

      Suver relies on evidence he submitted for the first time in support of his

motion for reconsideration, including a letter from his current employer confirming

his work schedule of 6:00 a.m. to 2:30 p.m., and declarations from Stewart,

stating that she is only able to take D.M. to day care without being late for work
herself on days when school is not in session. According to Suver, this evidence

shows that the superior court committed an error of law in determining that he

was not entitled to a full hearing on his motion to modify.

       But again, we review the denial of a motion for reconsideration for a

manifest abuse of discretion.17 A court does not abuse its discretion in refusing

to reconsider based on evidence that could have been obtained earlier.18 In this
case, Suver provided no explanation for the failure to produce the evidence

16 Moreover, as Suver eventually admitted, the modification he sought increased
his residential time and exceeded more than 24 days in a calendar year and
therefore did not meet the requirements for a minor modification under RCW
26.09.260(5)(a).
17 Tomsovic. 118 Wash. App. at 108.
18 Tomsovic. 118 Wash. App. at 109; Adams v. W. Host. Inc.. 55 Wash. App. 601,
608, 779 P.2d 281 (1989).
                                          8
No. 70025-1-1/9

before the trial court made its adequate cause determination.       But even

considering the evidence, nothing Suver submitted in support of the motion for

reconsideration demonstrated that his work schedule was an unanticipated

change of circumstances.

      We affirm.

                                                       ^
WE CONCUR:

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