Court Opinion

ID: 2730969
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 22:10:30.632641+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:44:07.659920
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
 Memorandum Decision shall not be
 regarded as precedent or cited before any
 court except for the purpose of establishing
 the defense of res judicata, collateral
 estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                             ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

MICHAEL R. FISHER                                  GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Marion County Public Defender Agency               Attorney General of Indiana
Indianapolis, Indiana
                                                   KATHERINE MODESITT COOPER
                                                   Deputy Attorney General
                                                   Indianapolis, Indiana

                                                                                    FILED
                                                                                 Jan 31 2012, 9:28 am
                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA                                         CLERK
                                                                                       of the supreme court,
                                                                                       court of appeals and
                                                                                              tax court

NICK KHANTHAMANY,                                  )
                                                   )
       Appellant-Defendant,                        )
                                                   )
               vs.                                 )       No. 49A02-1106-CR-497
                                                   )
STATE OF INDIANA,                                  )
                                                   )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                         )

                     APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT
                          The Honorable Sheila A. Carlisle, Judge
                            Cause No. 49G03-1004-MR-32721

                                        January 31, 2012

                MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

CRONE, Judge
                                      Case Summary

       Nick Khanthamany, Randall Bowles, Alan More, and Mark Shepard were all charged

in connection with a shooting and attempted robbery. Bowles pled guilty and agreed to

testify against the others. Bowles was the only witness who had direct, personal knowledge

of Khanthamany‟s involvement. After a jury trial, Khanthamany was convicted of felony

murder and conspiracy to commit robbery. On appeal, Khanthamany argues that Bowles‟s

testimony is incredibly dubious and that the evidence is therefore insufficient to support his

convictions. Because there is circumstantial evidence that Khanthamany was present with

the other perpetrators before, during, and after the shooting and attempted robbery and that

he participated in an act in furtherance of the conspiracy, we cannot say that Bowles‟s

testimony is incredibly dubious. Therefore, we affirm Khanthamany‟s convictions.

                              Facts and Procedural History

       In March 2010, Bowles was living with his girlfriend Whitney Magers, his cousin

Tiffany Baker, and his friend More. Bowles and More learned that John Tracey had a large

amount of marijuana and cash in his Indianapolis apartment, and they started planning to rob

Tracey. Bowles and More attempted to recruit Khanthamany and Shepard, who were initially

reluctant to get involved.

       On the evening of March 7, 2010, Shepard and his girlfriend Anna Barnard (who is

also Bowles‟s cousin) went to the house where Bowles, Magers, Baker, and More lived. The

men continued to discuss robbing Tracey. Then Bowles, More, Shepard, and Barnard went

to Khanthamany‟s house. Bowles had a .25 caliber gun and a .40 caliber gun, but he did not

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have ammunition for the .25 caliber gun. Bowles wanted Khanthamany to be involved in the

robbery because he had ammunition for a .25 caliber gun and because his voice would not be

recognized – Bowles and More had previously purchased marijuana from Tracey. Although

Barnard and Khanthamany‟s wife Debora attempted to dissuade Shepard and Khanthamany

from participating, Shepard and Khanthamany left with Bowles and More.

       The men drove Shepard‟s white Buick LeSabre to Tracey‟s house. When they arrived,

they determined that the house had a separate apartment upstairs where Tracey lived. While

they were trying to figure out how to get inside, they realized that someone had arrived in a

white Mitsubishi. They decided to deflate the tires, wait for the driver to come out, and then

force that person to take them inside.

       The owner of the Mitsubishi was Martin Jenkins, who was visiting Tracey and his

roommate, Seth Habig. Habig left the house to take his girlfriend some food at work and saw

four people slashing Jenkins‟s tires. He went back inside and told Jenkins and Tracey.

Habig grabbed a hammer, and Jenkins and Tracey took knives, but when they got outside,

they did not see anyone around. However, they found the white Buick, which they suspected

belonged to the people who had damaged Jenkins‟s car. Habig broke some of the windows

with a hammer, and Tracey slashed one of the tires.

       Tracey spotted someone in a wooded area and said, “There‟s the M-F-er right there.”

Tr. at 37. Then shots rang out. Tracey stumbled, and then Tracey, Habig, and Jenkins started

running back to the house. Additional shots were fired, and Tracey fell to the ground. He

sustained five gunshot wounds, including one that severed his spinal cord and aorta. He was

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taken to the hospital, but did not survive long.

       Bowles, Khanthamany, and Shepard fled in the Buick; they did not know where More

had gone. They needed to call someone to pick them up because they could not get far in the

Buick due to the damage. At that point, Bowles realized that he had lost the cell phone that

he had borrowed earlier from Baker.

       Around 2:00 in the morning, Debora became worried and called Khanthamany‟s cell

phone several times in quick succession. Khanthamany did not answer, so Barnard tried to

call him as well. At some point, Shepard answered Khanthamany‟s cell phone and spoke to

Barnard. Barnard, Baker, and Magers left and began driving around looking for the men.

However, they found someone else to give them a ride to Khanthamany‟s house.

Khanthamany, Bowles, and Shepard were there when the women returned.

       Police found .25 caliber shell casings and .40 caliber shell casings at the scene. Four

.25 caliber bullets were removed from Tracey‟s body, and bullet fragments were removed

from the fatal wound. However, the guns were never recovered. Detective Jeffrey Wager

found Baker‟s cell phone at the scene. When he spoke to Baker, she implicated Bowles,

Khanthamany, Shepard, and More in the attempted robbery and shooting. The Buick was

located, and Khanthamany‟s DNA was found on the rear passenger door and a Styrofoam

cup taken from inside the car; however, there was evidence that Khanthamany had been in

the car on multiple occasions.

       Khanthamany was charged with attempted robbery, conspiracy to commit robbery,

murder during the commission of a felony, and carrying a handgun without a license.

                                              4
Bowles, Shepard, and More were also charged. Bowles pled guilty to class A felony

attempted robbery in exchange for a cap of thirty-five years on the executed portion of his

sentence and dismissal of the other charges, and he also agreed to testify against the other

defendants.

        Khanthamany was tried by jury on May 9 through May 11, 2011. Bowles testified that

although Khanthamany was initially reluctant to participate, he eventually agreed to take part

in the robbery. Bowles stated that he gave the .25 caliber gun to More and the .40 caliber

gun to Shepard. Bowles claimed that he gave both guns away because he decided that he

wanted to try to take a bigger portion of the loot for himself. At some point, More gave the

.25 caliber gun to Khanthamany and disappeared; Bowles opined that More was “scared to

pull the trigger.” Id. at 170. Bowles claimed that Shepard started the shooting, then

Khanthamany shot Tracey, and after Tracey started running, Shepard shot him and he fell

down.

        Baker testified that she heard Bowles, Shepard, and More talking about their plans

prior to the robbery and was aware that they intended to involve Khanthamany. She knew

that Bowles had two guns, but did not have ammunition for one of them. She confirmed that

Bowles had taken her cell phone with him.

        Barnard also heard the conversations prior to the robbery, and she testified that

Shepard was reluctant to get involved and that Khanthamany was not even paying attention.

She stated that More had the .25 caliber gun and Bowles had the .40 caliber gun, but later

gave it to Shepard.

                                              5
        Debora confirmed that Bowles, Shepard, and More came to her house and were

talking about robbing someone who had drugs and money. She testified that Khanthamany

was just sitting and listening and that she did not remember him agreeing to go with the

others; however, she was aware that he left the house at the same time as the other men.

        Cell phone records confirmed that Barnard and Debora called Khanthamany several

times around 2:00 a.m. the night of the robbery. Barnard and Baker testified that they went

out looking for the men, but did not find them. When they returned to Debora‟s house,

Khanthamany, Bowles, and Shepard were there.

        The jury found Khanthamany guilty of attempted robbery, conspiracy to commit

robbery, and felony murder, and not guilty of carrying a handgun without a license. The

court entered a judgment of conviction of conspiracy to commit robbery as a class C felony

and felony murder.1 Khanthamany now appeals.

                                       Discussion and Decision

        Khanthamany argues that the evidence is insufficient to support his convictions. Our

standard of review is well settled:

        When reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we consider only the
        evidence most favorable to the [verdict] and all reasonable inferences to be

        1
           The attempted robbery was charged as a class A felony due to the serious bodily injury to Tracey.
See Ind. Code § 35-42-5-1 (robbery is a class C felony, but is a class B felony if committed while armed with a
deadly weapon, and is a class A felony if it results in serious bodily injury to someone other than the
defendant); Ind. Code § 35-41-5-1 (an attempt to commit a crime is a felony or misdemeanor of the same class
as the crime attempted). The conspiracy was charged as a class B felony because the defendants conspired to
commit armed robbery. See Ind. Code § 35-41-5-2 (a conspiracy to commit a felony is a felony of the same
class as the underlying felony). The State did not attempt to prove intent to kill, but alleged only that the
killing occurred during the commission of an attempted robbery. See Ind. Code § 35-42-1-1(2) (felony murder
is committed if the killing occurs while the offender is committing or attempting to commit certain enumerated
felonies, including robbery). The trial court ruled that the attempted robbery should merge and that judgment
should be entered on the conspiracy conviction as a class C felony to avoid double jeopardy.

                                                      6
       drawn from that evidence. We neither reweigh the evidence nor judge the
       credibility of the witnesses. We will affirm a conviction upon finding
       substantial evidence of probative value from which the jury could find the
       defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Green v. State, 756 N.E.2d 496, 497 (Ind. 2001) (citations omitted). The testimony of a

single eyewitness to a crime is sufficient to sustain a conviction. Id.

       To obtain a conviction of conspiracy to commit robbery, the State had to prove that:

(1) with the intent to commit robbery, (2) Khanthamany agreed with another person to

commit robbery, and (3) an overt act in furtherance of the agreement was performed by one

of the conspirators. Fry v. State, 748 N.E.2d 369, 374 (Ind. 2001); Ind. Code § 35-41-5-2.

To obtain a conviction of felony murder, the State had to prove that: (1) Khanthamany killed

another human being (2) while committing or attempting to commit robbery. Fry, 748

N.E.2d at 374; Ind. Code § 35-42-1-1(2). The State does not need to prove intent to kill, only

the intent to commit the underlying felony. Exum v. State, 812 N.E.2d 204, 207 (Ind. Ct.

App. 2004), trans. denied. Khanthamany may be found guilty of these crimes whether he

acted as an accomplice or a principal. See Vandivier v. State, 822 N.E.2d 1047, 1054 (Ind.

2005) (“The individual who aids another person in committing a crime is as guilty as the

actual perpetrator.”).

       Khanthamany argues that, apart from Bowles‟s testimony, there is no evidence that he

participated or agreed to participate in the robbery. Implicitly acknowledging that Bowles‟s

testimony is sufficient to sustain his convictions, Khanthamany contends that Bowles‟s

testimony is incredibly dubious. “For testimony to be so inherently incredible that it is

disregarded based on a finding of „incredible dubiosity,‟ the witness must present testimony

                                              7
that is inherently contradictory, wholly equivocal or the result of coercion, and there must

also be a complete lack of circumstantial evidence of the defendant‟s guilt.” Clay v. State,

755 N.E.2d 187, 189 (Ind. 2001). We note that

       [a]pplication of this rule is rare; the standard to be applied is whether the
       testimony is so incredibly dubious or inherently improbable that no reasonable
       person could believe it.
               The testimony of an accomplice is subject to high scrutiny. However,
       such testimony is by itself sufficient to sustain a conviction. The fact that the
       accomplice may not be completely trustworthy goes to the weight and
       credibility of his testimony, something that is completely within the province
       of the jury and cannot be reviewed on appeal.

Herron v. State, 808 N.E.2d 172, 176 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004) (citations omitted), trans. denied.

       This is not one of those rare cases in which the incredible dubiosity rule applies.

Despite Khanthamany‟s criticism of Bowles‟s testimony, there was circumstantial evidence

to support it. Debora and Barnard testified that Khanthamany was present while Bowles,

More, and Shepard planned the robbery and that he left his house at the same time as the

other men. After they left, Debora and Barnard tried to call Khanthamany, and Shepard

eventually answered Khanthamany‟s phone, which would support an inference that

Khanthamany and Shepard were together at the time. Habig testified that he saw four people

slashing Jenkins‟s tires, which Bowles testified was part of their plan to gain access to the

house. Bowles testified that he, Shepard, and Khanthamany left the scene together and

returned to Khanthamany‟s house. Baker and Barnard testified that Bowles, Shepard, and

Khanthamany were at Khanthamany‟s house when the women returned from looking for

them. The circumstantial evidence that Khanthamany was present with the other perpetrators

before, during, and after the attempted robbery and that Khanthamany participated by

                                              8
slashing Jenkins‟s tires supports Bowles‟s testimony implicating Khanthamany in the

attempted robbery and shooting. Therefore, we affirm his convictions.

      Affirmed.

MAY, J., and BROWN, J., concur.

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