Court Opinion

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Date Created: 2015-10-13 21:58:51.632295+00
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Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

9-22-2004

Jie Sheng Lin v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-1478

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http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2004/335

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                                                 NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                  IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                     No. 03-1478
                                     No. 04-1502

                                   JIE SHENG LIN,

                                                Petitioner

                                           v.

                                 JOHN ASHCROFT,
                         Attorney General of the United States,

                                                Respondent

                       _________________________________

                        On petitions for review of final orders
                        of the Board of Immigration Appeals
                                File No: A72-460-435
                       _________________________________

                   Submitted pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                 on March 25, 2004

                           Before: FUENTES, SMITH, and
                          JOHN R. GIBSON,* Circuit Judges

                             (Filed: September 22, 2004 )

      *
       The Honorable John R. Gibson, Senior Circuit Judge for the United States Court
of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation.

                                          -1-
                                ______________________

                               OPINION OF THE COURT
                               _______________________

PER CURIAM.

       Jie Sheng Lin petitions for review of a decision of the Board of Immigration

Appeals denying his application for asylum and withholding of deportation and his

request for relief under the United Nations Convention Against Torture and also denying

his motion for remand to allow his wife to testify on his behalf. He contends that the

Immigration Judge's finding that Lin and his wife have two children establishes that Lin

faces a clear probability of persecution in China and that there was not substantial

evidence to support the Immigration Judge's finding that his wife’s sterilization was

voluntary. He also petitions for review of the Board's decision denying his motion to

reopen. We will deny the petitions for review.

       Lin was placed in exclusion proceedings on October 18, 1992. The Board of

Immigration Appeals issued its final order of removal on January 31, 2003. Because of

the timing of the commencement of proceedings and the final order, this proceeding is

governed by former Immigration and Naturalization Act section 106(a), codified at 8

U.S.C. § 1105a(a) (1994), as modified by transitional rules provided by the Illegal

Immigrant Responsibility and Immigration Reform Act of 1996 (IIRIRA), Pub. L. No.

104-208, 110 Stat. 3009-626, § 309(c)(4). Lin filed this petition for review on February

20, 2003, within the time provided by the transitional rules. Sec. 309(c)(4)(C).

                                            -2-
       Lin entered this country on October 18, 1992 without a visa. Lin applied for

asylum in 1993, claiming that he was subject to punishment in China because he had two

children, that his wife had been subjected to an abortion, and that he and his wife had

been threatened with forcible sterilization. After an initial hearing, the Immigration Judge

decided that Lin did not qualify as a refugee under the law in effect at that time and

therefore denied Lin's application for asylum. During the pendency of Lin's appeal from

that decision, Congress enacted IIRIRA, which expanded the definition of refugee to

provide that "a person who has been forced to abort a pregnancy or to undergo

involuntary sterilization . . . shall be deemed to have been persecuted on account of

political opinion." 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(2000). The Board remanded for

reconsideration in light of the new law.

       Lin received a new hearing on April 16, 2001. He testified that he has two

children, a son and daughter, born in 1984 and 1986, respectively. He testified that he

feared he would be subjected to forcible sterilization and that he therefore fled from

China to Hong Kong on or before September 10, 1992. He testified that his wife had

been subjected to a forced abortion on September 28, 1992. He said that his wife told

him she had been subjected to a forced sterilization in 1994, when officials seized her

from their home as she was cooking dinner and took her to a hospital for the operation.

Lin submitted a "Testifying Letter" from his wife, saying that she was forcibly sterilized

on November 10, 1994. Lin also submitted an x-ray report from a Chinese hospital and

                                             -3-
testimony from a doctor that the x-rays showed the subject had been sterilized.

       The Immigration Judge rejected Lin's contention that Lin's wife was subjected to a

forced abortion. Lin had offered into evidence an abortion certificate, which the

Immigration Judge found was not generally issued unless the abortion was voluntary.

Lin's wife's "Testifying Letter" did not mention anything about a forced abortion. The

Immigration Judge found the evidence did not support a conclusion of persecution based

on the alleged forced abortion. He also rejected Lin's claim that Lin was in danger of

forced sterilization, based on inconsistencies in Lin's testimony. The Immigration Judge

accepted the evidence that Lin's wife had been sterilized in 1994. However, the

Immigration Judge concluded that the evidence did not support the assertion that the

sterilization was forcible. The Immigration Judge rejected as implausible the idea that the

Chinese government would coerce the wife's sterilization in 1994 when her husband had

already fled the country and was living in the United States. The Immigration Judge also

inferred from the facts that Lin and his wife had paid the 7000 RMB fine for having two

children, that the couple's two children were registered, "with all . . . that implies," and

that the children enjoyed the right to attend school, that the sterilization was probably

voluntary. Finally, the Immigration Judge assessed Lin's testimony as generally

"inconsistent" and "unbelievable." The Immigration Judge found that Lin had not proved

that he was a victim of the Chinese family planning policy and therefore denied asylum,

withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture.

                                              -4-
       Lin appealed to the Board of Immigration Appeals and also moved to remand his

case to receive new evidence in the form of testimony from his wife, who had recently

arrived in the United States. Lin submitted an affidavit from his wife stating that she had

been sterilized against her will by Chinese authorities. The Board dismissed Lin's appeal

and denied his motion to remand on the ground that the wife's affidavit did not explain

her failure to mention the alleged 1992 abortion in her earlier letter.

       After this petition was filed, Lin moved to reopen his case to receive evidence of

medical tests performed in New York indicating that his wife has been surgically

sterilized. The Board denied the motion as untimely and Lin petitioned for review of the

denial. We consolidated this with Lin's earlier petition.

       The Attorney General may in his discretion grant asylum to a refugee. 8 U.S.C. §

1158(a)(1994) (current version at 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(2000)). A refugee is a person

who is outside the country of his or her nationality and "who is unable or unwilling to

return to, and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of, that

country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race,

religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion." 8

U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(2000). As discussed above, the statutory definition of refugee

expressly includes a person who has been forced to undergo involuntary sterilization. Id.

Under In re C-Y-Z-, 21 I&N Dec. 915, 918 (B.I.A. 1997), the spouse of a person who has

been forcibly sterilized can rely on the spouse's persecution to establish his or her own

                                              -5-
past persecution. Once the applicant has established past persecution, there is a

presumption that he or she has a well-founded fear of future persecution. Id. at 919. The

presumption can be rebutted only by a showing that the conditions in the applicant's

country have changed since the time of the persecution. Id.

       The Attorney General must withhold deportation if the alien establishes a clear

probability that his or her life or freedom would be threatened on account of race,

religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. 8

U.S.C. § 1253(h) (1994) (current version at 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A) (2000)); INS v.

Stevic, 467 U.S. 407, 430 (1983).

       To establish entitlement to withholding of deportation under the Convention

Against Torture, an applicant must prove that it is more likely than not that he or she

would be tortured if deported. 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(c)(2)(2000).

       We review under the substantial evidence standard the Board's findings with

regard to whether an applicant has proved past persecution or a well-founded fear of

future persecution. Gao v. Ashcroft, 299 F.3d 266, 272 (3d Cir. 2002). Where, as here,

the Board deferred to findings of the Immigration Judge, we must review the underlying

decision of the Immigration Judge. Id. at 271. Under the substantial evidence standard,

we must uphold the factual determination unless "any reasonable adjudicator would be

compelled to conclude to the contrary." Id. at 272 (citing INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S.

478, 483-84 (1992)). Adverse credibility determinations must be based on evidence in

                                             -6-
the record, rather than speculation or conjecture. Id.; Dia v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 228, 249

(3d Cir. 2003) (en banc). The Board's decision not to remand or reopen a matter is

reviewed for abuse of discretion. Lu v. Ashcroft, 259 F.3d 127, 131 (3d Cir. 2001).

       Lin argues that the finding that Lin and his wife have two children compels the

conclusion that Lin faces persecution upon deportation. The State Department reports

that in the Fujian province, Lin's home, two children are frequently allowed, although the

parents may have to pay fines, as Lin has done. Moreover, the evidence at the hearing

was that the children were registered. This is substantial evidence to support the finding

that Lin did not prove a well-founded fear of persecution from the mere fact that he has

two children.

       Lin also argues that there was not substantial evidence to support the adverse

credibility finding concerning whether his wife's sterilization was coerced. The

Immigration Judge found that Lin had already given unbelievable testimony regarding

whether he personally was threatened with involuntary sterilization and regarding whether

his wife had been subjected to an involuntary abortion. Furthermore, Lin and his wife's

evidence that her sterilization was involuntary was implausible in light of the fact that Lin

was out of the country at the time, so that his wife would not present an imminent risk of

further births.

       The Immigration Judge's findings were supported by substantial evidence and Lin

has not established eligibility for granting of asylum. Since withholding of deportation

                                             -7-
requires a higher standard of proof than is necessary to establish eligibility for asylum, it

follows that Lin has not established a right to such relief. See Janusiak v. INS, 947 F.2d

46, 47-48 (3d Cir. 1991). Nor has Lin established that he is likely to be subjected to

torture if he returns to China.

       The Board did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to remand, since the

evidence Lin wished to present, his wife's testimony, would be cumulative to her written

account of the same events. Nor did the Board err in denying the motion to reopen as

untimely in accordance with 8 C.F.R. § 1003.23(b)(1).

       We will deny the petitions for review.

                                              -8-