Court Opinion

ID: 3179920
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-02-24 16:29:21.931711+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:20:02.819405
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                     Feb 24 2016, 9:12 am

this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   APPELLEE PRO SE
Erik H. Carter                                           Jennifer D. Badger
Carter Legal Services LLC                                Fishers, Indiana
Noblesville, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Randolph Paul Badger, Jr.,                               February 24, 2016
Appellant-Respondent,                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         29A02-1508-DR-1156
        v.                                               Appeal from the Hamilton
                                                         Superior Court
Jennifer Diane Badger,                                   The Honorable William
Appellee-Petitioner                                      Greenaway, Magistrate
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         29D02-1202-DR-1471

Baker, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 29A02-1508-DR-1156 | February 24, 2016          Page 1 of 6
[1]   Randolph Badger (Father) appeals the judgment of the trial court awarding

      primary physical custody of his two children to Jennifer Badger (Mother).

      Finding no error, we affirm.

                                                     Facts
[2]   Mother and Father have two sons born in 2009 and 2011. Mother and Father

      divorced in 2012 and agreed to share joint legal and physical custody of the

      children. At the time of the divorce, Mother and Father lived relatively close to

      each other. However, as of the date of the hearing at issue in this case, Father

      had remarried and resided with his wife and two step-children in Plainfield,

      while Mother resided with her mother in Fishers. Mother was planning to

      move into a home with her new boyfriend sometime in the near future.

[3]   On February 12, 2015, Mother filed a petition to modify the original physical

      custody order, noting that the children would soon need to be enrolled in

      school and that she and Father agreed that shared custody was no longer in the

      children’s best interests. Mother asked the trial court to award her primary

      physical custody of the children. On March 6, 2015, Father responded, asking

      the trial court to award him primary physical custody. The trial court held a

      hearing on July 23, 2015, following which, it entered an order granting primary

      physical custody to Mother. Father now appeals.

                                   Discussion and Decision
[4]   Father argues that the evidence before the trial court was insufficient to support

      a modification awarding primary physical custody to Mother. Custody

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 29A02-1508-DR-1156 | February 24, 2016   Page 2 of 6
      modification lies within the sound discretion of the trial court and we will not

      reverse its judgment absent an abuse of discretion. L.C. v. T.M., 996 N.E.2d

      403, 407 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). A trial court abuses its discretion if its decision

      is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it. Id.

      Our Supreme Court has observed that

              [a]ppellate deference to the determinations of our trial court
              judges, especially in domestic relations matters, is warranted
              because of their unique, direct interactions with the parties face-
              to-face, often over an extended period of time. Thus enabled to
              access credibility and character through both factual testimony
              and intuitive discernment, our trial judges are in a superior
              position to ascertain information and apply common sense,
              particularly in the determination of the best interests of the
              involved children.

      Best v. Best, 941 N.E.2d 499, 502 (Ind. 2011). Accordingly, we will not reweigh

      the evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. Id.

[5]   Indiana Code section 31-17-2-21 provides that a trial court may not modify a

      custody order unless the modification is in the best interest of the child and

      there has been a substantial change in one or more of the factors that the court

      may consider in making an initial custody determination under Indiana Code

      section 31-17-2-8. That section instructs the court to consider all relevant

      factors, including the following:

              (1)      The age and sex of the child.

              (2)      The wishes of the child’s parent or parents.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 29A02-1508-DR-1156 | February 24, 2016   Page 3 of 6
              (3)      The wishes of the child, with more consideration given to
                       the child’s wishes if the child is at least fourteen (14) years
                       of age.

              (4)      The interaction and interrelationship of the child with:

                       (A)     the child’s parent or parents;

                       (B)     the child’s sibling; and

                       (C)     any other person who may significantly affect the
                               child’s best interests.

              (5)      The child’s adjustment to the child’s:

                       (A)     home;

                       (B)     school; and

                       (C)     community.

              (6)      The mental and physical health of all individuals involved.

              (7)      Evidence of a pattern of domestic or family violence by
                       either parent.

              (8)      Evidence that the child has been cared for by a de facto
                       custodian . . . .

      Ind. Code § 31-17-2-8. The trial court shall also consider these factors in

      determining how best to modify a custody order. I.C. § 31-17-2-21.

[6]   Father attempts to frame his initial argument as a challenge to the sufficiency of

      the evidence. He devotes the bulk of his argument to a discussion of the

      statutory factors that the trial court is to consider, followed by the conclusion

      that each factor counsels in favor of granting him primary custody. Appellant’s

      Br. p. 12-16. Unsurprisingly, Mother analyzes these same factors and
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 29A02-1508-DR-1156 | February 24, 2016   Page 4 of 6
      concludes that they counsel in favor of granting her primary custody.

      Appellee’s Br. p. 6-8. These arguments do not need to be discussed at length as

      they are requests to reweigh the evidence, which, as we have already noted, we

      may not do.

[7]   A review of the record indicates that the trial court had ample evidence before it

      from which it could reach its conclusion. At the hearing, it heard testimony

      from Mother, Mother’s boyfriend, Father, and the Guardian ad Litem (GAL).

      Mother testified that the children were well adjusted to their community in

      Fishers. Tr. p. 22. She testified that the children have lived in Fishers for

      longer than they have lived in Plainfield and that she has many family members

      and friends in the area who could provide support if needed.1 Id. at 22, 30-31.

      Mother’s boyfriend, who has a son of his own, testified that the children spend

      a lot of time with his son and that the three get along very well together. Tr. p.

      112-13. And while the GAL had expressed some concern over the stability of

      Mother’s living situation, the trial court did not find Mother’s situation to be

      any less stable than Father’s.2 Appellant’s App. p. 10.

      1
       Father argues that consideration of Mother’s “support system” is inappropriate as such a factor is not
      explicitly enumerated in Indiana Code section 31-17-2-8. Appellant’s Br. p. 21. We disagree. Evidence of
      Mother’s support system is relevant when considering the children’s adjustment to their home and
      community as well as their interactions and relationships with people who may affect their best interests.
      Both of these factors are explicitly enumerated in the statute. I.C. § 31-17-2-8.
      2
        Father argues that this finding is erroneous and that the evidence demonstrated conclusively that his living
      situation is much more stable than Mother’s. Appellant’s Br. p. 17. This is simply another request to
      reweigh the evidence. A review of Father’s argument shows that the trial court had ample testimony before it
      from which it could judge the stability of both parties’ living situation and conclude that, on the whole, both
      situations were equally stable. Id. at 17-20.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 29A02-1508-DR-1156 | February 24, 2016           Page 5 of 6
[8]   The GAL noted that both Mother and Father were good parents and

      characterized the decision in this case as a close call. Tr. p. 144. The trial court

      echoed this sentiment in its order, noting that both Mother and Father were

      caring and loving parents. Appellant’s App. p. 9. While we realize that Father

      disagrees with the trial court’s ultimate decision, he has given us no reason to

      question its judgment. The trial court had sufficient evidence before it from

      which it could determine that the children’s best interests would be served by

      remaining primarily with their Mother in the Fishers community where they

      have developed many ties. While Father believes that he made the more

      compelling case, given the trial court’s proximity to the parties and its ability to

      judge their credibility firsthand, we may not reweigh the evidence to rule in his

      favor.

[9]   The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

      Bradford, J., and Pyle, J., concur.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 29A02-1508-DR-1156 | February 24, 2016   Page 6 of 6