Court Opinion

ID: 1070439
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:38:16.070251+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:10:47.417541
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Benton, Humphreys and Retired Judge Kulp ∗
Argued at Richmond, Virginia

DONALD J. PONTON
                                           MEMORANDUM OPINION ∗∗ BY
v.   Record No. 0709-99-2                 JUDGE ROBERT J. HUMPHREYS
                                               AUGUST 22, 2000
CHERYL J. PONTON

          FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CHESTERFIELD COUNTY
                    William R. Shelton, Judge

          Homer C. Eliades (Eliades and Eliades, on
          brief), for appellant.

          Charles W. Beddow (Beddow, Marley, Trexler &
          Fitzhugh, on brief), for appellee.

     Donald J. Ponton (husband) appeals a February 22, 1999

order of the circuit court mandating that he pay his former

wife, Cheryl J. Ponton (wife), spousal support arrearage from

January 1, 1996.   For the reasons that follow, we reverse the

order of the circuit court.

                            I.   Background

     In 1994, wife petitioned the Juvenile and Domestic

Relations District Court ("JDRC") of Chesterfield County for

     ∗
       Retired Judge James E. Kulp took part in the consideration
of this case by designation pursuant to Code § 17.1-400,
recodifying Code § 17-116.01.
     ∗∗
       Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, recodifying Code
§ 17-116.010, this opinion is not designated for publication.
child and spousal support from her estranged husband.    With

regard to the spousal support, the JDRC ordered husband to pay

wife $200 per month.   Wife appealed this order to the circuit

court, which granted her spousal support of $375 per month by

its order of November 10, 1994.   Subsequently, on January 31,

1995, the circuit court transferred all matters pertaining to

"custody, visitation and child support of the minor children and

spousal support to the Juvenile and Domestic Relations [Court]"

pursuant to Code § 20-79(C), and struck the matter from its

docket.

     Approximately one year later, on February 8, 1996, wife and

husband entered into a written Separation and Property

Settlement Agreement ("Agreement") which provided the following

regarding spousal support:

          21. Support and Maintenance of Wife:
          Wife's current support and maintenance by
          Husband's payments by order of Court are set
          at $375.00. Beginning with January 1, 1996
          the support and maintenance payments by
          Husband to Wife shall be reduced to $200.00
          monthly with Husband's payments to continue
          to the last month Wife is required to pay a
          monthly payment of $200.00 to NationsBank
          . . . .

               Following payment by Wife of her
          obligation herein to pay NationsBank . . .
          Husband's obligation to pay support and
          maintenance to Wife shall be reduced to
          $1.00 annually . . . .

     The Agreement also stated the following:

          4. Subsequent Divorce: Husband and Wife
          anticipate a divorce. Upon presentation to

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          the Court of a sketch for a final decree of
          divorce, Husband and Wife agree to request
          the Court to affirm, ratify and incorporate
          this Agreement . . . into said decree. . . .
          Husband and Wife agree to be bound hereby in
          any event.

     Husband later filed for divorce in the circuit court.   On

June 20, 1996, husband was granted a divorce a vinculo

matrimonii from wife.   The decree entered by the circuit court

on that date stated the following, in pertinent part:

               It is further appearing to the Court
          that the parties have entered into a[n]
          . . . Agreement dated the 8th day of
          February, 1996.

               It is therefore ORDERED that the Court
          doth affirm, ratify and incorporate into
          this Decree by reference hereto, the . . .
          Agreement between the parties dated February
          8, 1996, pursuant to § 20-109.1 . . . .

               The Juvenile and Domestic Relations
          Court for the County of Chesterfield having
          exercised jurisdiction over the custody,
          visitation and support and maintenance of
          the parties' infant children, plus spousal
          support for defendant, this Court exercises
          no jurisdiction over those issues.

               And it appearing that nothing remains
          to be done in this matter, the same is
          stricken from the docket of this Court
          . . . .1

     In accord with the decree of divorce and the Agreement,

husband began paying wife $200 per month, instead of $375 per

month, on January 1, 1996.   In 1998, wife petitioned the JDRC

     1
       There was no § 16.1-244(A) hearing held in the divorce
matter.

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for an order calculating the amount of spousal support payments

actually due, pursuant to the orders entered over the previous

years. 2   Specifically, wife argued that the circuit court had no

jurisdiction over matters of spousal support when it entered the

divorce decree.    Accordingly, she claimed that the correct

amount of spousal support was $375 per month, as first ordered

by the circuit court, and that husband owed her an arrearage of

support of $175 per month, dating back to January 1, 1996 when

he began paying the lower support payment.    Husband also filed a

motion to terminate spousal support payments due under the

Agreement and decree, claiming that certain obligations under

the Agreement had been met and that spousal support was no

longer required under the Agreement and decree.    Both motions

were denied by the JDRC.

     Wife appealed the decision to the circuit court.    After a

de novo hearing, the circuit court found that the provisions of

the Agreement regarding spousal support were not incorporated

into the final decree of divorce and ordered husband to pay wife

spousal support arrearage in the amount of $175 per month from

January 1, 1996.    It is this order of the circuit court which we

review on appeal.

     2
       Wife also asked the JDRC for an increase in child support
payments, which was ultimately granted by the circuit court but
is not a subject of this appeal.

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                            II.   Analysis

     Code § 16.1-244(A) specifically empowers the circuit court,

concurrently with JDRC, "to determine spousal support in a suit

for separate maintenance.   However, when a suit for divorce has

been filed in a circuit court, in which . . . spousal support is

raised by the pleadings and a hearing is set by the circuit

court on . . . such issue . . . within twenty-one days of the

filing, the juvenile and domestic relations district courts

shall be divested of [jurisdiction] . . . ."   By its express

language, this statute provides for a divestiture of

jurisdiction of the JDRC in certain instances.   However, there

is no language suggesting that the circuit court can also be

divested of jurisdiction.

     In light of the above, wife's argument that the circuit

court lacked jurisdiction to act with regard to spousal support

matters lacks merit.    In fact, this Court has held that even

when a circuit court transfers matters to the JDRC pursuant to

Code § 20-79(c), subsequent to a suit for divorce under Code

§ 16.1-244(A), "[it] retains . . . continuing jurisdiction over

those matters."   Crabtree v. Crabtree, 17 Va. App. 81, 87, 435

S.E.2d 883, 887 (1993).   Moreover, wife erroneously relies on

Calfee v. Calfee, 29 Va. App. 88, 509 S.E.2d 552 (1999), to

support her argument.   In Calfee, this Court recently reiterated

that "[a] decree or order of the circuit court emanating from a

'suit for divorce,' after displacing the jurisdiction of the

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[JDRC], may be transferred to such court for enforcement or

related matters, thereby restoring concurrent jurisdiction in

both courts, without impairing the properly invoked exercise of

jurisdiction by the circuit court over the transferred issues."

Id. at 94-95, 509 S.E.2d at 555.

     In addition, the circuit court's statement in its order of

June 20, 1996 that it "exercise[d] no jurisdiction over issues

[of spousal support]" is without consequence.   The court's very

actions, as well as its 1996 order, are contrary to its

statement pertaining to jurisdiction.   The circuit court very

clearly exercised jurisdiction over the parties' Agreement and

specifically approved and incorporated the entire Agreement into

the divorce decree, including the provisions regarding spousal

support.

  In fact, pursuant to Code § 20-109, the circuit court was

bound by statute to recognize and follow the Agreement.   That

section provides the following, in pertinent part:

           if a stipulation or contract signed by the
           party to whom such relief might otherwise be
           awarded is filed . . . no decree or order
           directing the payment of support and
           maintenance for the spouse, suit money, or
           counsel fee or establishing or imposing any
           other condition or consideration, monetary
           or nonmonetary, shall be entered except in
           accordance with that stipulation or
           contract. . . .

     In addition, this Court has found that "[this] statute

. . . expressly permits a court to incorporate only selected

                               - 6 -
provisions of the agreement if it so desires.   [However,]

[a]lthough incorporation in whole or in part is not mandatory

. . . [where] the divorce decree incorporated the property

settlement agreement . . . without specific exception[,] . . .

the language used . . . [would serve] to incorporate the entire

property settlement agreement without exception."     Mackie v.

Hill, 16 Va. App. 229, 232, 429 S.E.2d 37, 38-39 (1993)

(emphasis added).   The circuit court in this case clearly

incorporated the entire Agreement into the decree, and it set

forth no specific limitations to indicate a contrary intention.

     Wife's argument that Code § 20-109 cannot apply to this

case because, as of 1994, when she filed her original petition

for support in the JDRC, the code section did not contain a

reference to Code § 16.1-241(L), is also erroneous.    Code

§ 16.1-241(L) addresses jurisdiction of the JDRC, as well as the

circuit courts in suits for separate maintenance.   The case at

issue is not a suit for separate maintenance, but a divorce

proceeding pursuant to Code § 16.1-244(A).   Furthermore, the

Supreme Court of Virginia has recognized that Code § 20-109 and

§ 20-109.1 "merely codified the preexisting power of a divorce

court to incorporate a settlement agreement in a decree and to

enforce it through its contempt power."   Rogers v. Damron, 23

Va. App. 708, 713-14, 479 S.E.2d 540, 543 (1997) (emphasis

added).

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     Wife also contends that our consideration of this appeal on

grounds of Code § 20-109 is barred based on the failure of the

statement of facts to show that husband made this specific

contemporaneous objection to the trial court's ruling.    We

conclude, however, that this appeal is not barred.    Although the

statement of facts submitted in lieu of the transcript contains

no mention of any objection to the trial court's ruling on this

basis, the final order of February 22, 1999, as signed by

counsel for appellant, reads "Seen and objected to."    Although

counsel failed to include specific grounds for the objection, as

is generally required by Rule 5A:18, the ruling made by the

trial court was narrow enough to make obvious the basis of

appellant's objection.   Accordingly, we hold that we may

consider the merits of appellant's assignment of error on this

basis.   See Mackie, 16 Va. App. at 231, 429 S.E.2d at 38.

     Finally, and most importantly, we emphasize that in

Virginia, property settlement agreements are contracts.

"Incorporation [of these agreements by the court] does nothing

more than allow the court to enforce the contract[s] through its

contempt powers pursuant to Code § 20-109.1.    [Incorporation] is

not a prerequisite to the binding effect of the contract as

between the two parties."     Parra v. Parra, 1 Va. App. 118, 129,

336 S.E.2d 157, 163 (1985).    Thus, even if not incorporated, it

is clear that the Agreement is still enforceable as a contract,

"[as] it has been recognized in Virginia that 'marital property

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settlements entered into by competent parties upon valid

consideration for lawful purposes are favored in the law and

such will be enforced unless their illegality is clear and

certain.'"     Id. at 128, 336 S.E.2d at 162 (quoting Cooley v.

Cooley, 220 Va. 749, 752, 263 S.E.2d 49, 52 (1980)).

             To hold otherwise would not only fail to
             give full effect to the property division
             statutes, but also would fail to support
             Virginia's public policy in favor of prompt
             resolution of property disputes in divorce
             cases through voluntary court-approved
             agreements. If divorce litigants know that
             they may repudiate, with impunity, valid
             property settlement agreements in hopes of
             getting a better result from the court, or
             because they no longer wish to honor their
             commitments, the usefulness and validity of
             all such contracts will be lessened.

Parra, 1 Va. App. at 129, 336 S.E.2d at 163.    We see no reason

why the court should allow a party to avoid the consequences of

a valid contract.

     Accordingly, the decision of the circuit court is reversed

and this matter is remanded for entry of an order in accordance

with the terms of the parties' incorporated Agreement.

                                              Reversed and remanded.

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