Court Opinion

ID: 24332
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-25 08:20:35+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:38:30.276562
License: Public Domain

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                       FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

                       _____________________

                            No. 00-40973
                          Summary Calendar
                       _____________________

          UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                          Plaintiff - Appellee

          v.

          MAGDALENO LOPEZ-QUINTERO

                                          Defendant - Appellant

_________________________________________________________________

           Appeal from the United States District Court
                for the Southern District of Texas
                      USDC No. L-00-CR-417-1
_________________________________________________________________
                           May 31, 2001

Before KING, Chief Judge, and JONES and STEWART, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:*

     Defendant-Appellant Magdaleno Lopez-Quintero appeals his

conviction under 8 U.S.C. § 1326.    For the following reasons, we

AFFIRM.

     *
      Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that
this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except
under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
                 I.   FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

     On March 28, 2000, Defendant-Appellant Magdaleno1 Lopez-

Quintero, a citizen of Honduras, was apprehended (along with two

other undocumented aliens) by U.S. Border Patrol agents in

Laredo, Texas.    Lopez-Quintero, who has a history of criminal

convictions and deportations, admitted to illegally entering the

United States by wading across the Rio Grande River near Laredo.

On April 18, 2000, Lopez-Quintero was charged in a one-count

indictment with being present in the United States as a

previously deported alien.      See 8 U.S.C. § 1326.2

     On May 8, 2000, Lopez-Quintero filed a motion to dismiss the

     1
          Throughout the record, Lopez-Quintero’s first name
appears with two different spellings, i.e., as “Magdaleno” and
“Magdeleno.” As both he and the Court of Appeals for the Fifth
Circuit docket sheet utilize the former spelling, we will also do
so in this opinion (except when quoting documents containing the
latter spelling).
     2
          Section 1326 states in relevant part:

     (a) In general
       Subject to subsection (b) of this section, any alien
     who—
           (1) has been denied admission, excluded,
     deported, or removed or has departed the United States
     while an order of exclusion, deportation, or removal is
     outstanding, and thereafter
           (2) enters, attempts to enter, or is at any time
     found in, the United States, unless (A) . . . the
     Attorney General has expressly consented to such
     alien’s reapplying for admission; or (B) . . . such
     alien shall establish that he was not required to
     obtain such advance consent . . ., shall be fined under
     Title 18, or imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both.

8 U.S.C. § 1326 (1999).

                                    2
indictment,3 arguing that it did not allege any act or intent on

his part.    The district court denied this motion on May 22, 2000,

and the next day, Lopez-Quintero pled guilty to the indictment.

The district court subsequently sentenced him to seventy months

in prison and three years of supervised release.

     Lopez-Quintero timely appeals.

                       II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

     We review challenges to the sufficiency of the indictment,

which have been preserved by being raised in the district court,

under a de novo standard of review.    See United States v. Guzman-

Ocampo, 236 F.3d 233, 236 (5th Cir. 2000); United States v.

Asibor, 109 F.3d 1023, 1037 (5th Cir. 1997).      Furthermore,

     3
            The indictment against Lopez-Quintero states:

     THE GRAND JURY CHARGES THAT:

          On or about March 28, 2000, in the Southern
     District of Texas and within the jurisdiction of the
     Court, Defendant,

                      MAGDELENO LOPEZ-QUINTERO,

     an alien who had previously been denied admission,
     excluded, deported, or removed, or has departed the
     United States while an order of exclusion, deportation
     or removal is outstanding, and having not obtained the
     consent of the Attorney General of the United States
     for reapplication by the Defendant for admission into
     the United States, was thereafter found in the United
     States.

     In violation of Title 8, United States Code, Section
     1326.

                                  3
“[b]ecause an indictment is jurisdictional, . . . the defect is

not waived by a guilty plea.”    United States v. Cabrera-Teran,

168 F.3d 141, 143 (5th Cir. 1999) (internal quotations and

citations omitted); see also United States v. Marshall, 910 F.2d

1241, 1243 (5th Cir. 1990).4

               III. SUFFICIENCY OF THE INDICTMENT

     In essence, Lopez-Quintero argues that the indictment

violates the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution

because it does not allege any intent on his part.5    We recently

considered this very issue.     See United States v. Berrios-

Centeno, No. 00-20373, --- F.3d ---- (5th Cir. April 27, 2001).

We first held that § 1326 is a general intent offense (and not a

     4
          Therefore, the government’s argument, that Lopez-
Quintero waived his challenges to the indictment because he
entered an unconditional guilty plea, is without merit. United
States v. Bell, 966 F.2d 914 (5th Cir. 1992), on which the
government relies, is not to the contrary. Bell held that an
unconditional guilty plea waives all non-jurisdictional defects.
See id. at 915.
     5
          Lopez-Quintero also raises an issue regarding his
sentence enhancement, which he received as a result of a prior
felony conviction. He argues that prior felony convictions are
elements of the offense under 8 U.S.C. § 1326, as opposed to mere
sentencing enhancements. He recognizes that this issue has been
resolved against him by Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523
U.S. 224 (1998). See United States v. Dabeit, 231 F.3d 979, 984
(5th Cir. 2000) (stating, in a case regarding the very challenge
that Lopez-Quintero asserts here, that lower courts are compelled
to follow directly controlling Supreme Court precedent “‘unless
and until’” the Court speaks to the contrary (citations
omitted)), cert. denied, 121 S. Ct. 1214 (2001). Lopez-Quintero
raises this issue in order to preserve it for further review by
the Supreme Court.

                                  4
strict liability offense, as advocated by the government).      See

id., manuscript at 6-8.   We also held that Berrios-Centeno’s

indictment sufficiently alleged the requisite general intent as

it fairly conveyed that the defendant’s presence in the United

States was a voluntary act.     See id., manuscript at 9-12.   The

indictment in the instant case is almost identical to the

indictment found sufficient in Berrios-Centeno.     For the reasons

stated in Berrios-Centeno, we conclude that Lopez-Quintero’s

indictment sufficiently alleged the general intent mens rea

required of § 1326 offenses.

                          IV.   CONCLUSION

     For the foregoing reasons, the conviction of Magdaleno

Lopez-Quintero is AFFIRMED.

                                  5