Court Opinion

ID: 9911712
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-20 18:04:04.125801+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:54:01.330971
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                           Dec 20 2023, 9:36 am

                                                                                CLERK
                                                                            Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                               Court of Appeals
                                                                                 and Tax Court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Matthew J. McGovern                                       Theodore E. Rokita
Fishers, Indiana                                          Attorney General of Indiana
                                                          Daylon L. Welliver
                                                          Deputy Attorney General
                                                          Indianapolis, Indiana

                                            IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Dallas Dale Hoback,                                       December 20, 2023
Appellant-Defendant,                                      Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                          23A-CR-411
        v.                                                Appeal from the Clark Circuit
                                                          Court
State of Indiana,                                         The Honorable Bradley B. Jacobs,
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                       Judge
                                                          Trial Court Cause No.
                                                          10C02-1803-F6-540

                                Opinion by Judge Bailey
                                   Judge May concurs.
                        Judge Felix dissents with separate opinion.

Bailey, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023                         Page 1 of 18
      Case Summary
[1]   Dallas Dale Hoback appeals his convictions and sentence, following a jury trial.

      He raises several issues on appeal, but we address only the dispositive issue of

      whether the trial court erred when it denied his Criminal Rule 4(C) motion for

      discharge.

[2]   We reverse.

      Facts and Procedural History
[3]   On March 29, 2018, the State charged Hoback with Level 6 felony possession

      of methamphetamine,1 Level 6 felony possession of a narcotic drug, 2 and Class

      C misdemeanor possession of paraphernalia.3 The police arrested Hoback for

      those charges on April 19, 2018.

[4]   At a status conference on January 2, 2019, Hoback informed the court that plea

      negotiations were occurring and that he thought the case would get resolved,

      but he also asked for a trial date. On January 23, 2019, the trial court scheduled

      a jury trial for April 16, 2019. At a pretrial conference on January 24, 2019, a

      plea offer was tendered. At a status conference on March 20, 2019, additional

      dates were requested and the minute entry sheet, containing the signature of

      1
          Ind. Code § 35-48-4-6.1.
      2
          I.C. § 35-48-4-6.
      3
          I.C. § 35-48-4-8.3.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023     Page 2 of 18
      Hoback’s counsel, noted a new status conference date of June 5, 2019. On

      April 10, 2019, the CCS noted both the new status conference date and that the

      jury trial date of April 16 was cancelled. The record does not disclose on whose

      motion the trial date was cancelled or the reason therefor. See App. v. II at 7

      (stating, “Reason: Other”).

[5]   The case was subsequently continued multiple times due to the non-appearance

      of defense counsel and Hoback’s requests for new dates. A plea agreement was

      filed on December 20, 2019. The plea hearing was continued multiple times at

      Hoback’s request until he ultimately withdrew from the plea on October 1,

      2020. After a series of events including defense continuances, the entry of

      another plea agreement and another withdrawal of the plea, court congestion

      findings, and public health emergency orders, on April 13, 2022, the trial court

      set the jury trial for July 12, 2022.

[6]   The State subsequently filed two motions for continuance—one on July 5,

      2022, and the other on July 21, 2022—both due to the unavailability of an

      “essential witness for the State.” App. v. II at 155, 167. The trial court granted

      each motion and reset the jury trial for August 2, 2022, and August 23, 2022,

      respectively. Hoback did not object to either of the State’s motions for

      continuance, the trial court’s decisions to grant them, or the dates on which the

      trials were reset. On August 15, 2022, Hoback filed a motion for discharge,

      which the trial court denied following an August 16 final motions hearing.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023       Page 3 of 18
[7]   Following the trial, the jury found Hoback guilty as charged. The trial court

      subsequently sentenced Hoback to “692 days fixed term of imprisonment” on

      count 1, “692 days fixed term of imprisonment” on count 2, and “60 days fixed

      term of imprisonment” on count 3. Id. The written order stated, “Counts to

      run concurrently[,”] and “JTC[4] 2/14/2022 – 1/26/2023 346 actual days.”

      Appealed Order. Hoback now appeals his convictions and sentence.

      Discussion and Decision
[8]   Hoback appeals the trial court’s denial of his Indiana Criminal Rule 4(C)

      motion for discharge for failure to give him a timely trial—sometimes referred

      to as a “speedy trial” claim. In reviewing speedy trial rule claims, we review

      questions of law de novo and factual findings under the clearly erroneous

      standard. State v. Harper, 135 N.E.3d 962, 972 (Ind. Ct. App. 2019), trans.

      denied.

      Waiver
[9]   As an initial matter, we must address the State’s assertion that Hoback waived

      his Rule 4(C) claim by failing to adequately brief the issue. “When a defendant

      files a motion to discharge, it is the defendant’s burden to demonstrate that the

      one-year time frame has been exceeded and that he is not responsible for the

      delay.” Ratliff v. State, 132 N.E.3d 41, 43 (Ind. Ct. App. 2019) (quotations and

      4
          The court did not define the acronym “JTC,” but, from context, it appears to stand for “jail time credit.”

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023                                Page 4 of 18
       citation omitted), trans. denied. Moreover, Indiana Appellate Rule 46(A)(6)(a)

       requires that the statement of facts in an Appellant’s brief must “describe the

       facts relevant to the issues presented for review” and must “be supported by

       page references to the Record on Appeal or Appendix.” When a party refers to

       facts without citation to the record in support, “we need not consider those

       facts.” Reed v. City of Evansville, 956 N.E.2d 684, 688 n.1 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011),

       trans. denied.

[10]   Similarly, Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a) requires that “[e]ach contention [of the

       argument] must be supported by citations to the authorities, statutes, and the

       Appendix or parts of the Record on Appeal.” When an appellant provides no

       citation to legal authority supporting his contentions, those contentions are

       waived. E.g., Shields v. Town of Perrysville, 136 N.E.3d 309, 312 n.2 (Ind. Ct.

       App. 2019). Thus, under our Appellate Rules, “[i]t is not sufficient for the

       argument section that an appellant simply recites facts and makes conclusory

       statements without analysis or authoritative support.” Kishpaugh v. Odegard, 17

       N.E.3d 363, 373 n.3 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014). This rule “prevents the court from

       becoming an advocate when it is forced to search the entire record for evidence

       in support of [a party’s] broad statements.” Lane Alan Schrader Trust v. Gilbert,

       974 N.E.2d 516, 521 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012) (citing Keller v. State, 549 N.E.2d 372,

       373 (Ind. 1990)).

[11]   Here, the one-year time limit per Rule 4(C) began to run on April 19, 2018, the

       date Hoback was arrested. Thus, it was Hoback’s burden to show that he was

       not brought to trial within the following year and that any delay was not caused

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023      Page 5 of 18
       by him, congestion of the court’s calendar, or an emergency. See, e.g., Ratliff,

       132 N.E.3d at 43. Hoback fails to point to any facts or evidence regarding the

       relevant one-year time period—i.e., from April 19, 2018, to April 19, 2019.5 He

       does not discuss any delays that took place during that time period and to

       whom such delays are attributable. Therefore, we could find Hoback’s

       discharge argument waived under Appellate Rule 46(A), as the State urges us to

       do.

[12]   However, it is well-established that we prefer to address claims on the merits

       where possible, “instead of on procedural grounds like waiver.” Pierce v. State,

       29 N.E.3d 1258, 1267 (Ind. 2015) (choosing to address the merits of the

       appellant’s claims despite Appellate Rule 46 inadequacies in briefing). “Thus,

       unless we find a party’s non-compliance with … [Appellate Rule 46] sufficiently

       substantial to impede our consideration of the issue raised, we will address the

       merits of his claim.” Id. (quotations and citations omitted). This is especially

       true for claims that have a constitutional dimension, as the speedy trial rule

       does. See Peele v. State, 136 N.E.3d 1155, 1158 (Ind. Ct. App. 2019) (citing U.S.

       Const. amend. VI; Ind. Const. art. 1, § 12). Here, we are able to, and chose to,

       address the merits of Hoback’s Rule 4(C) claim despite the inadequacies of his

       briefs.

       5
         We note that both parties discuss at length delays that occurred after the April 19, 2019, time limit.
       However, that is not the relevant time-period. To determine whether the one-year deadline for a trial was
       extended, we must look to any delays that occurred during the one-year period (as extended, if applicable)
       and to whom those delays are attributable. See Crim. R. 4(C), (F).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023                             Page 6 of 18
       Discharge under Criminal Rule 4(C)
[13]   “The right of an accused to a speedy trial is guaranteed by the United States and

       Indiana Constitutions. U.S. Const. amend. VI; Ind. Const. art. 1, § 12.” Peele,

       136 N.E.3d at 1158. Indiana Criminal Rule 4 implements those rights, and

       subsection (C) generally requires that a criminal defendant be brought to trial

       within one year from the date the criminal charges were filed or the date he was

       arrested, whichever is later. Id.; Ind. Crim. Rule 4(C). Thus, Criminal Rule 4

       “places an affirmative duty on the State to bring a defendant to trial within one

       year.” Gibson v. State, 910 N.E.2d 263, 266 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009).

[14]   Furthermore, a “defendant has no obligation to remind the trial court of the

       State’s duty, nor is he required to take any affirmative action to see that he is

       brought to trial within the statutory time period.” State v. Black, 947 N.E.2d

       503, 507 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). The defendant may waive his “right to be

       brought to trial within one year by failing to raise a timely objection if the trial

       court, acting during the one-year period, schedules the trial beyond the limit.”

       Wood v. State, 999 N.E.2d 1054, 1061 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied.

       However, the defendant “has no duty to object to the setting of a belated trial

       date if the setting occurs after the year has expired[,]” id., because under those

       circumstances “the court cannot reset the trial within the time allotted by

       Criminal Rule 4(C)[,]” Young v. State, 765 N.E.2d 673, 679 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2002). “In such an instance, the defendant may simply move for discharge after

       the expiration of the time limitation of Criminal Rule 4 without making an

       objection to the scheduled trial date.” Id.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023        Page 7 of 18
[15]   However, when a continuance is had on the defendant’s motion or delay is

       caused by the defendant’s acts, congestion of the court, or an emergency, the

       time limitation is extended by the amount of time resulting from such delay(s).

       Crim. R. 4(C), (F). But we “may not attribute any delays in proceeding to trial

       to the defendant where the record is void regarding the reason for the delay.”

       Young, 765 N.E.2d at 678 (citing Morrison v. State, 555 N.E.2d 458, 461 (Ind.

       1990) (overruled on other grounds by Cook v. State, 810 N.E.2d 1064, 1066 (Ind.

       2004)). When “docket entries are absent or missing regarding the reason for a

       delay, the delay is not chargeable to the defendant.” Id. As a panel of this

       Court noted in Staples v. State:

               A trial court speaks through its docket which makes it necessary
               for the trial court to make a docket entry as to why a defendant’s
               trial cannot be conducted on the date set…. Furthermore, if the
               trial court neglected to make a docket entry as to why the
               defendant could not be tried on the date set, then the State should
               have requested the trial court to make a docket entry. However
               the defendant should not be charged with this period of delay
               because the trial court failed to make a docket entry. A
               defendant only has a duty to object if the trial court sets a trial
               date outside of the one-year period.

       553 N.E.2d 141, 143 (Ind. Ct. App. 1990) (citations omitted), trans. denied.

[16]   Here, it is clear from the record that Hoback was not brought to trial before the

       expiration of the one-year time limit, i.e., April 19, 2019. However, the trial

       court’s record regarding why the trial did not occur within the one-year time

       period is woefully inadequate. On March 20, 2019, a minute entry signed by

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023      Page 8 of 18
       both Hoback and the State reads: “New dates St: 6-5-19[.]” App. v. II at 57.

       The corresponding chronological case summary (“CCS”) entry states: “Status

       Conference held. Additional dates requested.” Id. at 7. This entry does not tell

       us which party requested the new dates or why the requests for new dates were

       made and/or granted. In an entry dated April 10, 2019, the CCS states: “Jury

       Trial scheduled for 4/16/2019 at 9:00 a.m. was cancelled. Reason: Other.[,]”

       and it notes, “Status Conference scheduled for 06/05/2019 at 9:00 a.m.” Id.

       “Other” is an inadequate description to explain why a jury trial is cancelled, as

       it does not tell us whether Hoback or the State requested that the trial be

       continued or whether the trial court continued the trial sua sponte.

[17]   We also note that this entry cancelling the jury trial did not reset Hoback’s trial

       date and thereby trigger his obligation to object on Rule 4(C) grounds if the new

       date was beyond the time limit. Although the trial court did, on that date, set a

       status hearing for a date beyond the time limit, neither Rule 4(C) nor relevant

       case law indicates that there is a requirement to object to the untimely setting of

       anything other than a trial; thus, Hoback did not waive his discharge claim by

       failing to object to the order setting a status conference outside the one-year

       time period.

[18]   Given the deficient trial court record and the State’s failure to request that the

       trial court make adequate docket entries, we cannot attribute any of the delays

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023       Page 9 of 18
       during the relevant one-year time period to Hoback.6 See Young, 765 N.E.2d at

       678; Staples, 553 N.E.2d at 143. That is, there is no evidence that the one-year

       time limit imposed by Criminal Rule 4(C) was extended by Hoback’s requests

       or other actions, yet the State failed to bring Hoback to trial within that one

       year period. Therefore, the trial court erred when it denied Hoback’s Rule 4(C)

       motion for discharge.7

[19]   Reversed.

[20]   May, J., concurs

       Felix, J., dissents with separate opinion.

       6
          The dissent infers Hoback acquiesced to a delay in his trial during the Rule 4(C) period by agreeing to a
       status conference outside the period, with the necessary implication being that the trial would also have to
       occur outside the Rule 4(C) period. The dissent asserts its position is required by our Indiana Supreme
       Court’s reasoning in Cook v. State, 810 N.E.2d 1064 (Ind. 2004). In Cook, our Supreme Court decreed that
       delays caused by the defendant can extend the Rule 4(C) deadline for bringing a defendant to trial even if the
       trial court has not set a trial date. Id. at 1065. The Court held that delays caused by the unavailability of the
       defendant’s counsel extended the Rule 4(C) period for bringing the defendant to trial. Id. at 1068.
       However, Cook did not overrule our holding in Staples that it is the responsibility of the trial court and the
       State to ensure that the chronological case summary conveys why a defendant’s trial cannot be held on the
       date set and that the defendant should not be charged with the delay when the trial court failed to make a
       docket entry. 553 N.E.2d at 143. In Cook, the Court reasserted that its holding did not affect “the
       proposition that a defendant’s agreement to a continuance sought by the State is not chargeable to the
       defendant and does not extend the time period of Crim. R. 4(C).” 810 N.E.2d at 1067 n.3. Due to the
       inadequacy of the trial court’s record, we cannot confidently say Hoback caused the cancellation of the first
       trial date.
       7
         Given our holding reversing on the issue of discharge, we do not address the other issues Hoback raises on
       appeal.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023                                Page 10 of 18
       Felix, Judge, dissenting.

[21]   I respectfully dissent for two reasons. Primarily, I believe Hoback acquiesced in,

       if not requested, the delay that causes my colleagues to find a violation of

       Indiana Criminal Rule 4(C) (“C.R. 4(C)”). Before I get to the merits of

       Hoback’s C.R. 4(C) claim, however, I also disagree with my colleagues

       regarding whether Hoback waived this issue for appeal. Hoback’s failure to

       comply with Indiana Appellate Rule 46 substantially impedes review of his

       C.R. 4(C) claim.

       1. Waiver: Hoback’s failure to cite to the record and failure to proffer a cogent
                   argument substantially impedes appellate review.

[22]   The majority chooses to address the merits of this issue despite the recognized

       inadequacies of Hoback’s briefs. I first observe that the majority strongly

       implies that it is choosing to address the merits of Hoback’s C.R. 4(C) claim

       because the majority believes that claim has “a constitutional dimension.”

       Ante, at ¶ 12. The Indiana Supreme Court has clearly and repeatedly stated that

       C.R. 4 “does not cover every aspect of its broader constitutional counterparts,”

       id. (citing Cundiff v. State, 967 N.E.2d 1026, 1027 n.2 (Ind. 2012)), so “our

       review of a Rule 4 challenge is separate from a claimed constitutional

       violation,” id. (citing S.L., 16 N.E.3d at 958); see also Austin v. State, 997 N.E.2d

       1027 n.7 (Ind. 2013) (citing Cundiff v. State, 967 N.E.2d 1026, 1027 n.2 (Ind.

       2012)). Hoback challenges the trial court’s denial of his motion for discharge

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023       Page 11 of 18
       under only C.R. 4(C); he does not challenge it under either the United States

       Constitution or the Indiana Constitution nor does he analyze his speedy trial

       claim under the relevant provisions of those constitutions. Consequently, I do

       not believe Hoback’s C.R. 4(C) claim is grounded in a dimension of either the

       Indiana or the United States Constitutions. It is purely a claimed rule violation

       worthy of no exceptions to a waiver analysis.

[23]   The Indiana Supreme Court has made clear that if a party fails to make or

       develop an argument on appeal, that argument is waived. Isom v. State, 170

       N.E.3d 623, 634, 637–39, 641, 642, 645, 646, 648, 649, 651, 653, 656 (Ind.

       2021) (holding approximately 21 of defendant’s arguments waived for failure to

       provide cogent argument in violation of Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a)); Owen v.

       State, 210 N.E.3d 256, 264 (Ind. 2023). This includes any claim that the

       appellant fails to raise in the opening brief. Davidson v. State, 211 N.E.3d 914,

       925 (Ind. 2023) (citing Monroe Guar. Ins. v. Magwerks Corp., 829 N.E.2d 968, 977

       (Ind. 2005)). Accordingly, if a party’s failure to comply with the Appellate

       Rules is “sufficiently substantial to impede our consideration of the issue

       raised,” we will not address the merits of that issue. Pierce v. State, 29 N.E.3d

       1258, 1267 (Ind. 2015) (quoting Guardiola v. State, 375 N.E.2d 1105, 1105 (Ind.

       1978)).

[24]   “When a defendant files a motion to discharge, it is the defendant’s burden to

       demonstrate that the one-year time frame has been exceeded and that he is not

       responsible for the delay.” Ratliff v. State, 132 N.E.3d 41, 43 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2019) (citing Here, Hoback’s C.R. 4(C) one-year period began on April 19,

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023      Page 12 of 18
       2018—the date of his arrest—and concluded, absent any delays, on April 19,

       2019. See ante, at ¶ 11. To determine whether Hoback’s original one-year

       period was extended, we must look to any delays that occurred during this

       period and determine to whom those delays are attributable. Id. at ¶ 11 n.5

       (citing Crim. R. 4(C), (F)).

[25]   We know that Hoback was not brought to trial until August 23, 2022. However,

       Hoback failed to include any facts in his Statement of the Facts regarding any

       delays that occurred before April 19, 2019. This is a violation of Appellate Rule

       46(A)(6)8. In his opening brief’s Argument section, Hoback notes only that his

       April 16, 2019, trial was cancelled on April 10, 2019. Without more, this is a

       violation of Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(b)9. Consequently, Hoback also failed to

       provide cogent argument in his opening brief regarding why the delay resulting

       from the cancellation of his April 16 trial date was not attributable to him, 10

       which is a violation of Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a)11.

       8
        The Statement of Facts “shall describe the facts relevant to the issues presented for review.” App. R.
       46(A)(6).
       9
        “[T]he argument must include a brief statement of the procedural and substantive facts necessary for
       consideration of the issues presented on appeal, including a statement of how the issues relevant to the appeal
       were raised and resolved by any Administrative Agency or trial court.” App. R. 46(A)(6)(a).
       10
          Hoback’s incorrect application in his opening brief of C.R. 4(C)—namely that his C.R. 4(C) one-year
       period began on the date he was charged instead of the date he was arrested—likely led to him not providing
       cogent argument concerning the delay after his April 16 trial was cancelled. Nevertheless, it is not the job of
       this court to rectify Hoback’s errors, especially when he had the opportunity do so in his reply brief and still
       chose not to.
       11
         “The argument must contain the contentions of the appellant on the issues presented, supported by cogent
       reasoning. Each contention must be supported by citations to the authorities, statutes, and the Appendix or
       parts of the Record on Appeal relied on, in accordance with Rule 22.” App. R. 46(A)(8)(a).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023                               Page 13 of 18
[26]   In addition to Hoback’s multiple failures to comply with Appellate Rule 46 in

       his opening brief, Hoback also failed to provide cogent argument on multiple

       issues in his reply brief, including whether the delay until June 5, 2019, was

       attributable to the State. Hoback’s significant noncompliance with Appellate

       Rule 46, especially Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a), substantially impedes a review

       of his C.R. 4(C) claim. I would therefore hold that Hoback waived his C.R.

       4(C) claim on appeal and refuse to address the merits of that claim.

        2. Merits: Hoback extended his C.R. 4(C) one-year period by acquiescing in
           or requesting the cancellation of his trial date and the setting of a status
                        conference outside the initial one-year period.

[27]   As stated previously, my dissent grows from my belief that there is no C.R. 4

       violation. Criminal Rule 4(C) states in relevant part:

               No person shall be held on recognizance or otherwise to answer
               a criminal charge for a period in aggregate embracing more than
               one year from the date the criminal charge against such
               defendant is filed, or from the date of his arrest on such charge,
               whichever is later; except where a continuance was had on his
               motion, or the delay was caused by his act, or where there was
               not sufficient time to try him during such period because of
               congestion of the court calendar . . . .

[28]   If during the C.R. 4(C) one-year period the trial court sets the defendant’s trial

       date outside that period, the defendant must “offer a timely objection” to those

       trial dates; if the defendant fails to make such an objection under these

       circumstances, then he has waived his rights under C.R. 4(C). Battering v. State,

       150 N.E.3d 597, 601 (Ind. 2020) (quoting Pelley v. State, 901 N.E.2d 494, 498

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023        Page 14 of 18
       (Ind. 2009), declined to follow on other grounds by Austin v. State, 997 N.E.2d 1027,

       1039 (Ind. 2013)). As noted by the rule, a defendant can extend the C.R. 4(C)

       one-year period “by seeking or acquiescing in delay resulting in a later trial

       date.” Id. (quoting Pelley, 901 N.E.2d at 499).

[29]   When a defendant delays a task which must be completed before trial—such as

       a status conference—the defendant can and often does delay the setting of the

       case for trial and thereby the trial itself. Cook v. State, 810 N.E.2d 1064, 1068

       (Ind. 2004) (quoting State ex rel. O’Donnell v. Cass Superior Court, 468 N.E.2d 209,

       211 (Ind. 1984) (DeBruler, J., dissenting)). Recognizing this reality, the Indiana

       Supreme Court has repeatedly held that “delays caused by action taken by the

       defendant are chargeable to the defendant regardless of whether a trial date has been

       set.” State v. Larkin, 100 N.E.3d 700, 705 (Ind. 2018) (emphasis added) (quoting

       Cook, 810 N.E.2d at 1067).

[30]   When Hoback’s counsel signed the minute entry sheet setting another status

       conference beyond the one-year C.R. 4 period, Hoback not only acquiesced but

       also, arguably, agreed to a delay in his trial. See Cook, 810 N.E.2d at 1068

       (citing Andrews v. State, 441 N.E.2d 194, 199 (Ind. 1982); Epps v. State, 192

       N.E.2d 459, 463–64 (Ind. 1963)) (holding that the actions of defendant’s

       counsel are attributable to defendant for purposes of C.R. 4). A defendant

       cannot reasonably assert that trial was somehow going to occur before the next

       scheduled status conference. Here, Hoback either acquiesced to or requested

       the setting of a status conference (by his counsel signing the minute entry sheet

       requesting new dates) beyond the one-year period—which means that the trial

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023       Page 15 of 18
       date would be set beyond the next status conference. Based on the docket and

       the record, it should have been clear and obvious to Hoback that he was not

       going to be tried until after the next status conference, which was scheduled for

       June 5, 2019.

[31]   Nevertheless, the majority’s two-pronged argument is that the docket and

       record here are devoid of any reasons for the delay in Hoback’s trial, ante, at ¶

       18, and that Hoback did not have an obligation to object because the court did

       not reset a trial date, id. at ¶ 17. In support of this argument, the majority cites

       to Young v. State, in which a previous panel of this court held that when a delay

       occurs and the “docket entries are absent or missing regarding the reason for

       delay, the delay is not chargeable to the defendant.” 765 N.E.2d 673, 678 (Ind.

       Ct. App. 2002) (citing Morrison v. State, 555 N.E.2d 458, 461 (Ind. 1990),

       overruled on other grounds by Cook, 810 N.E.2d at 1067). That is, such

       unsupported delays are chargeable to the State. See id.

[32]   In Young, the defendant’s trial was initially set within the C.R. 4(C) one-year

       period but was later reset outside of that period. 765 N.E.2d at 677. The record

       did “not contain an order by the court explaining why [the defendant]’s trial did

       not commence on” the original trial date, and the CCS did not “provide any

       insight as to why the case was reset.” Id. There was also no evidence that

       either the State or the defendant filed a motion for continuance prior to the

       original trial date. Id. This court therefore reversed the defendant’s conviction

       based upon a complete and utter lack of any record explaining the delay in the

       defendant’s trial. Id. Here, by contrast, we have one minute entry sheet signed

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023       Page 16 of 18
       by both counsel and at least three docket entries from the court explaining,

       albeit not in great detail, why the trial was cancelled and a status conference

       reset. While I would strongly prefer for the trial court here to have at least

       provided more detail than “Other” in its CCS entry,12 the record is sufficient to

       satisfy the test set forth in Young.

[33]   In addition, the majority holds that a defendant does not have an obligation to

       object when the trial court does not reset a trial. Ante, at ¶ 17. The majority’s

       holding is quite similar to the repudiated reasoning in the following cases:

            1. State v. Hurst, 688 N.E.2d 402 (Ind. 1997);
            2. Morrison v. State, 555 N.E.2d 458 (Ind. 1990);
            3. Carr v. State, 790 N.E.2d 599 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003);
            4. Nance v. State, 630 N.E.2d 218 (Ind. Ct. App. 1994);
            5. Solomon v. State, 588 N.E.2d 1271 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992);
            6. Harrington v. State, 588 N.E.2d 509 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992); and
            7. Miller v. State, 570 N.E.2d 943 (Ind. Ct. App. 1991).

       Cook, 810 N.E.2d at 1067 (overruling Hurst and Morrison to the extent

       inconsistent; disapproving of Carr, Nance, Solomon, Harrington, and Miller).

[34]   The holdings in Hurst, Morrison, Carr, Nance, Solomon, Harrington, and Miller

       stand in part for the proposition that “any delay, regardless of who requested it,

       cannot be charged to the defendant unless a trial date had already been set.”

       12
          A review of the merits here would have been substantially aided by a transcript of the status conference
       that led to the relevant docket and CCS entries. However, the court reporter averred in her affidavit attached
       at the end of the transcript in this case that the March 20, 2019, status conference was not recorded. Tr. Vol.
       III at 78. We therefore are left to make reasonable inferences from the docket and record as to what
       transpired during that status conference.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023                              Page 17 of 18
       Cook, 810 N.E.2d at 1066 (citing all seven cases). In Cook v. State, our Supreme

       Court specifically rejected that reasoning and held, as expressed above, that

       “delays caused by action taken by the defendant are chargeable to the defendant

       regardless of whether a trial date has been set.” Id. at 1067. I acknowledge that

       in Cook, the Indiana Supreme Court was addressing an issue related to delays

       when a case had not yet been set for its first trial setting, id. at 1065, 1068;

       however, the reasoning in Cook is fairly extended to the situation here. I think it

       is too strict of a reading of Young and its progeny to find a violation of C.R. 4(C)

       simply because the trial court here did what the parties asked it to do—set a

       status conference beyond the initial one-year period and not set a trial date.

[35]   Accordingly, I dissent.13

       .

       13
          Because it finds Hoback’s C.R. 4(C) claim dispositive, the majority does not reach the other issues Hoback
       raises on appeal. Based on a cursory review of Hoback’s other claims, I would affirm Hoback’s convictions.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 23A-CR-411 | December 20, 2023                            Page 18 of 18