Court Opinion

ID: 4029881
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-08-30 21:39:22.74659+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:26:49.217081
License: Public Domain

J-A10038-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

ROBERT L. BURGESS

                            Appellant                No. 700 WDA 2015

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence November 25, 2014
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Beaver County
             Criminal Division at No(s): CP-04-CR-0002178-2012

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E., and PANELLA, J.

MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.:                       FILED AUGUST 30, 2016

       Appellant, Robert L. Burgess, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered in the Beaver County Court of Common Pleas, following his jury trial

convictions for one count each of burglary, criminal trespass, possession

with intent to deliver a controlled substance (“PWID”), possession of a

controlled substance (marijuana), conspiracy to commit PWID, and firearms

not to be carried without a license; two counts each of first-degree murder,

simple assault, and recklessly endangering another person; four counts each

of kidnapping, false imprisonment, and unlawful restraint; and his bench

trial conviction for persons not to possess firearms.1 We affirm.

____________________________________________

1
  18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3502, 3503; 35 P.S. §§ 780-113(a)(30), (a)(16); 18
Pa.C.S.A. §§ 903, 6106, 2502(a), 2701, 2705, 2901, 2903, 2902, 6105.
J-A10038-16

       The trial court opinion sets forth the relevant facts and procedural

history of this case.2 Therefore, we will only briefly summarize the facts and

procedural history most relevant to this appeal.             In June 2008, Demetria

Harper (“Mrs. Harper”) advised Appellant and his cohort, Devon Shealey

(“Mr. Shealey”), that she could obtain marijuana for an attractive price in El

Paso, Texas, and arranged to buy marijuana with Appellant and Mr.

Shealey’s money.         After purchasing the marijuana, Mrs. Harper falsely

informed Appellant and Mr. Shealey that the police had stopped her vehicle

and confiscated the drugs.         Mrs. Harper actually mailed the drugs to her

Pennsylvania residence.        Appellant and Mr. Shealey doubted Mrs. Harper’s

story. On June 29, 2008, Mrs. Harper returned to her home in Pennsylvania.

The next day, Appellant and Mr. Shealey learned a package had been

delivered to the Harper residence.             Based on their belief that the package

contained drugs Mrs. Harper had purchased in Texas, Appellant and Mr.

Shealey traveled to Mrs. Harper’s residence and demanded return of the

money they had supplied or the marijuana.                 Appellant and Mr. Shealey

confronted Mrs. Harper and Richard Harper (“Mr. Harper”) at gunpoint in

their bedroom with their two minor daughters present.              Appellant and Mr.

Shealey forced Mr. and Mrs. Harper to the basement at gunpoint and “hog-

____________________________________________

2
  The court’s recitation of the facts appears in its analysis of Appellant’s
challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence (which Appellant does not raise
on appeal). (See Trial Court Opinion, filed June 23, 2015, at 6-14.)

                                           -2-
J-A10038-16

tied” them by the hands and feet. Appellant and Mr. Shealey then forced

the children to the basement and locked them in the furnace room.        Mr.

Shealey fatally shot Mr. Harper in the head; Appellant fatally shot Mrs.

Harper in the head.

      During investigation of the case, Detective Timmie Patrick (“Detective

Patrick”) of the Beaver County District Attorney’s Office Detective Bureau

interviewed Tyrone Beasley, Jr. (“Mr. Beasley”), Antoinette Smothers (“Ms.

Smothers”) (Appellant’s fiancée), and Shavon Hampton (“Ms. Hampton”)

(Appellant’s girlfriend and the mother of Appellant’s child).      From the

witnesses’ statements and telephone records, Detective Patrick discovered

these witnesses knew of Appellant’s involvement in the drug transaction and

homicides. Detective Patrick employed what he deemed “standard tactics”

for gathering information to learn how much knowledge the witnesses had to

offer about the case.

      Police also received facts about the case from Isaiah Paillet (“Mr.

Paillet”). Mr. Paillet told police that while he was incarcerated on the same

cellblock as Appellant, Appellant had disclosed specific details of his

participation with Mr. Shealey in the murders of Mr. and Mrs. Harper.

According to Mr. Paillet, Appellant said Mr. Shealey shot Mr. Harper, and

Appellant shot Mrs. Harper.

      Appellant proceeded to jury selection in October 2014.     During jury

selection, three law enforcement officers, Detective Patrick, Detective

                                    -3-
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Sergeant Michael Kryder, and Special Agent Maurice Ferentino, were present

alongside the Commonwealth’s two prosecutors who were trying the case.

Prior to trial, defense counsel requested sequestration of all but one of the

law enforcement officers, claiming Pa.R.E. 6153 prohibited three law

enforcement officers from sitting at the prosecution’s table during trial. The

court denied defense counsel’s motion to sequester.

       On October 28, 2014, a jury convicted Appellant of two counts of first-

degree murder and numerous other offenses in connection with Appellant’s

and Mr. Shealey’s murder of Mr. and Mrs. Harper. The court also convicted

Appellant of persons not to possess firearms.           The trial court sentenced

Appellant on November 25, 2014, to two consecutive life sentences for the

first-degree murder convictions and an aggregate consecutive term of

twenty-seven (27) to fifty-four (54) years’ imprisonment for the other

offenses.     On December 1, 2014, Appellant timely filed post-sentence

motions, which the court denied on March 31, 2015.            On April 27, 2015,

Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal.        The court ordered Appellant on

April 30, 2015, to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal

pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).            Appellant timely filed his Rule 1925(b)
____________________________________________

3
  See Pa.R.E. 615(b) (stating: “At a party’s request the court may order
witnesses sequestered so that they cannot learn of other witnesses’
testimony. Or the court may do so on its own. But this rule does not
authorize sequestering: …(b) an officer or employee of a party that is not a
natural person (including the Commonwealth) after being designated as the
party’s representative by its attorney”).

                                           -4-
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statement on May 13, 2015.

      Appellant raises three issues for our review:

         WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION
         AND/OR ERRED IN FAILING TO INSTRUCT THE JURY AS TO
         DURESS?

         WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED [OR] ABUSED ITS
         DISCRETION WHEN IT PERMITTED THREE (3) LAW
         ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS TO BE PRESENT AT THE
         COMMONWEALTH TABLE DURING THE ENTIRE TRIAL
         WHICH VIOLATED RULE 615 OF THE PENNSYLVANIA
         RULES OF EVIDENCE?

         WHETHER ALL OF THE CHARGES SHOULD BE DISMISSED
         DUE TO A VIOLATION OF DUE PROCESS WHEN DETECTIVE
         TIMMIE   PATRICK   CAJOLED   AND/OR  THREATENED
         WITNESSES WHICH WAS OUTRAGEOUS CONDUCT?

(Appellant’s Brief at 9).

      “Our   standard of    review   when considering    the   denial of   jury

instructions is one of deference—an appellate court will reverse a court’s

decision only when [the court] abused its discretion or committed an error of

law.” Commonwealth v. Janda, 14 A.3d 147, 163 (Pa.Super. 2011).

      Additionally:

         This Court’s standard of review for a trial court’s decision
         on sequestration of witnesses is [an] abuse of discretion.
         We will not reverse a trial judge’s decision to grant or deny
         sequestration absent a clear abuse of discretion.
         Moreover, an appellant must demonstrate that he…was
         actually prejudiced by a trial judge’s sequestration order
         before any relief may be warranted. … A request for
         sequestration must be specific and supported by a showing
         that the interests of justice require it. The purpose of
         sequestration is to prevent a witness from molding his
         testimony with that presented by other witnesses.

                                     -5-
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Commonwealth v. Stevenson, 894 A.2d 759, 767 (Pa.Super. 2006),

appeal denied, 591 Pa. 691, 917 A.2d 846 (2007) (internal citations

omitted).

      After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the

applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable John

Dohanich, we conclude Appellant’s issues merit no relief.         The trial court

opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of the questions

presented.    (See Trial Court Opinion at 40-50, 18-29) (finding: (1) Mr.

Paillett’s trial testimony, read in its entirety, does not support Appellant’s

claim that Mr. Shealey threatened Appellant or forced him to kill Mrs.

Harper;     evidence   showed   Appellant   was   leader   in   underlying   drug

transaction; upon learning of Mrs. Harper’s return from Texas and that

package had been delivered to her home, Appellant immediately left

Baltimore and showed up at Mrs. Harper’s residence with Mr. Shealey

because “they [were] f’ing up [his] money”; Mr. Paillett confirmed Mrs.

Harper was “Appellant’s problem”; no evidence of record suggests Appellant

feared Mr. Shealey or that Mr. Shealey threatened Appellant or coerced him

to shoot Mrs. Harper; evidence did not warrant jury instruction on duress;

(2) Rule 615 does not on its face prohibit Commonwealth from having more

than one law enforcement officer at prosecutor’s table as Commonwealth’s

representative; Appellant’s averment that testimony of three officers who

sat at prosecutor’s table supported and overlapped one another lacks

                                     -6-
J-A10038-16

specificity and fails to show that interests of justice required sequestration;

Appellant does not indicate how any officer’s testimony was molded by

testimony of other officers; absent proof of specific evidence to justify

sequestration or demonstration of actual prejudice, Appellant’s claim fails;

as well, three government agencies jointly cooperated in investigation

leading to charges against Appellant, and officers from these agencies who

sat at prosecutor’s table were co-affiants on charging documents; further,

testimony from these officers was not so critical to Commonwealth’s case, in

light of evidence from other witnesses, to justify sequestration; facts of

cases on which Appellant relies are distinguishable; (3) Appellant’s

complaint   that   Detective   Patrick’s   interactions   with   three   witnesses

constituted outrageous government misconduct in violation of Appellant’s

due process rights is waived for failure to raise that claim pre-trial or during

trial; moreover, regarding Mr. Beasley, record shows Mr. Beasley voluntarily

consented to meet police at headquarters for interview; Mr. Beasley did not

inform police that he suffers from Type I Diabetes, and he exhibited no signs

of distress or confusion during interview; Mr. Beasley was coherent, he

corrected officers regarding some details of investigation, and Mr. Beasley

confirmed he was not bullied by police; after interview, Mr. Beasley’s

significant other drove him to hospital because she was concerned Mr.

Beasley had not taken his Diabetes medication while he was at police

station; record does not support Appellant’s allegation that police threatened

                                      -7-
J-A10038-16

Mr. Beasley or that his hospital visit was result of police conduct during

interview; regarding Ms. Smothers, Detective Patrick played recording for

Ms. Smothers of Appellant talking to his other girlfriend; after hearing

Appellant’s voice on tape, Ms. Smothers agreed to assist with investigation;

Detective Patrick also played recording of Appellant and Ms. Smothers, so

she would know police had their communications on tape; Detective Patrick

showed Ms. Smothers photograph of crime scene, so she would understand

serious nature of investigation; Ms. Smothers did not indicate she was

threatened or coerced to give statement to police; regarding Ms. Hampton,

Detective Patrick also played recordings for Ms. Hampton of conversations

between Appellant and Ms. Hampton, and between Appellant and Ms.

Smothers; Detective Patrick also showed Ms. Hampton photograph of crime

scene to gain her assistance; record is devoid of any threats, false

representations,   deception    or   trickery   used   by   Detective   Patrick   in

interviewing these witnesses; Detective Patrick’s interview tactics fall within

normal course of criminal investigation and do not constitute outrageous

government misconduct to establish due process violation). Accordingly, we

affirm on the basis of the trial court’s opinion.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

                                       -8-
J-A10038-16

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 8/30/2016

                          -9-
                                                                Circulated 08/12/2016 01:42 PM

        IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF BEA VER COUNTY,
                       PENNSYLVANIA
                        CRIMINAL DIVISION

COMMONWEALTH OF
PENNSYLVANIA
                                                No. 2178 of 2012
      v.

ROBERT L. BURGESS

                          MEMORANDUM OPINION

DOHANICH, S.J.                                                     June 23, 2015

      The defendant, Robert L. Burgess, has appealed the judgment of sentences

imposed following his convictions by a jury on October 28, 2014, of two counts of

first degree murder, burglary, criminal trespass, four counts of kidnapping, four

counts of false imprisonment, four counts of unlawful restraint, carrying a firearm

without a license, two counts of simple assault, two counts of recklessly

endangering another person, possession with intent to deliver marijuana,

conspiracy to commit possession with intent to deliver marijuana and simple

possession of marijuana. The jury acquitted the defendant of conspiracy to commit

first degree murder, two counts of robbery and conspiracy to commit robbery.

Upon the defendant's waiver of jury trial and request for a bench trial on the

charge of person not to possess a firearm to be heard simultaneouslywith the jury
trial on the above charges, the court convicted the defendant of said firearms

offense. The Commonwealth, prior to trial, without objection and with leave of

court, withdrew eight counts of robbery.

      At the time of arraignment on November 301 2012, the Commonwealth,

pursuant to the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa. C.S. §9711, filed its notice of intention to

seek the death penalty citing six separate aggravating factors in the event of

convictions of first degree murder. Following the death penalty phase, the jury

was unable to reach a verdict as to the penalty.

      The instant case is the companion case to Commonwealth v. Devon 0.

Shealey at No. 2177 of 2012, which is currently on appeal to the superior court at

No. 186 WDA 2015.

             The charges against the defendant resulted from the invasion of the

home and shooting deaths of Richard Harper (Richard) and his wife, Demetria

Harper (Demetria), in the presence of their two minor daughters, Laniya, age 10,

and lyana, age 8, committed by the defendant and co-defendant, Devon 0. Shealey

(Shealey), in the late evening hours of June 30, 2008, in the Harper residence

located at 809 Second Avenue, Beaver Falls, Beaver County, Pennsylvania.

             On November 25, 2014, the court sentenced the defendant to two

consecutive terms of life imprisonment on the first degree murder convictions,

                                           2
followed by consecutive sentences on two counts of kidnapping relating to the

children of not less than ten years nor more than twenty years; person not to

possess a firearm of not less than five years nor more than ten years; and

possession with intent to deliver marijuana of not less than two years nor more

than four years, for aggregate consecutive sentences of not less than 2.7 years nor

more than ~ 4 years.   Sentences on the remaining charges were ordered to run

concurrent or merged with corresponding offenses.

      The defendant filed a timely post-sentence motion on December 1, 2014.

Briefs were submitted by the defendant and the Commonwealth following which

the court denied the defendant's post-sentence motion by order of March 31, 2015.

Notice of appeal was filed by the defendant on April 27, 2015. The court directed

the defendant to file and serve a concise statement of errors complained of on

appeal on or before May 21, 2015. The defendant's timely concise statement filed

on May 13, 2015, sets forth the following errors complained of on appeal:

      1.      Whether there was insufficient evidence concerning the charges
      of first degree murder, simple assault, recklessly endangering another
      person, burglary, criminal trespass, firearms not to be carried without
      a license, kidnapping, false imprisonment, person not to possess a
      firearm and unlawful restraint, when the Commonwealth failed to
      prove that Appellant was the actual person that committed the crimes?
      See Brief in Support of Post-Sentencing Motions, Argument I.

      2.     Whether there was insufficient evidence to prove the charges of
      recklessly endangering another person when the two (2) children of
                                         3
the victims were behind a wall of approximately one (1) foot or more
of stone and could not possibly be endangered of serious bodily injury
when the guns were fired? See Brief in Support of Post-Sentencing
Motions, Argument II.

3.     Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion when
it permitted three (3) law enforcement officers to be present at the
Commonwealth table during the entire trial which violated Rule 615
of the Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence? See Brief in Support of Post-
Sentencing Motions, Argument III.

4.      Whether all of the charges should be dismissed due to a
violation of due process when Detective Timmie Patrick cajoled
and/or threatened witnesses which was outrageous conduct? See Brief
in Support of Post-Sentencing Motions, Argument IV.

5.     Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion in
failing to grant a mistrial when Agent Maurice Ferentino testified that
the Appellant was a gang member and/or associated with a gang? See
Brief in Support of Post-Sentencing Motions, Argument V.

6.      Whether trial court abused its discretion in failing to grant a
mistrial when the Commonwealth presented testimony that the
Defendant was on parole? See Brief in Support of Post-Sentencing
Motions, Argument VI.

7.    Whether the trial court abused its discretion by allowing the
Commonwealth to present inadmissible hearsay evidence? See Brief
in Support of Post-Sentencing Motions, Argument VII.

8.    Whether the trial court erred. in failing to instruct the jury as to
duress? See Brief in Support of Post-Sentencing Motions, Argument
VIII.

9.     Whether the trial court erred in refusing to allow written jury
instructions as to the defenses? See Brief in Support of Post-
Sentencing Motions, Argument IX.

                                    4
      This Opinion is filed pursuant to Rule 1925(a) of the Pennsylvania Rules of

Appellate Procedure, 42 Pa. C.S., to address the issues raised by the defendant in

his concise statement.

           SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE AS TO IDENTITY
       OF DEFENDANT AS PERPRETRATOR OF ALL OFFENSES

      The defendant challenges the sufficiency of the Commonwealth's evidence

proving that he was the perpetrator of the crimes for which he was convicted.

      The test for a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence was summarized

in Commonwealth v. Donahue, 428 Pa.Super. 259, 272, 630 A.2d 1238, 1244

(1993), as follows:

      The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence is
      whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light most
      favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable
      the fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond a reasonable
      doubt. In applying the above test, we may not weigh the evidence and
      substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In addition, we note that
      the facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need
      not preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
      defendant's guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the
      evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
      probability of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances.
      The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every element
      of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly
      circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying the above test, the
      entire record must be evaluated and all evidence actually received
      must be considered. Finally, the trier of fact while passing upon the
      credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced is ·
      free to believe all, part or none of the evidence. Furthermore, when
      reviewing a sufficiency claim, our Court is required to give the
                                         5
      prosecution the benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from
      the evidence.

      However, the inferences must flow from facts and circumstances
      proven in the record, and must be of such volume and quality as to
      overcome the presumption of innocence and satisfy the jury of an
      accused's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The trier of fact cannot
      base a conviction on conjecture and speculation and a verdict which is
      premised on suspicion will fail even under the limited scrutiny of
      appellate review.

      When    viewing   the   evidence   in   the   light most   favorable · to the

Commonwealth as the verdict winner, the following facts were established at trial:

In the spring of 2008, Demetria and Margarette (Nay Nay) Moore (Moore) became

acquainted through the activities of their respective children as residents in the

same Second Avenue, Beaver Falls neighborhood, and over time, became close

friends. The Harper family had relocated to Beaver Falls from El Paso, Texas.

Moore had been familiar with the defendant, Burgess, since attending high school;

lost touch with him through the years; and resumed their relationship in 2007.

Burgess lived on Letsche Street in the North Side section of Pittsburgh.      Moore

introduced Demetria to Burgess when Demetria transported Moore to the Burgess

residence in early June, 2008.   On at least two additional occasions, Demetria

drove Moore to the Burgess home within a week or two of the first visit, during

which the co-defendant, Shealey, was also present.     Demetria was introduced to

Shealey, also known as "D", through Burgess, who was also known as "Raw". At
                                         6
one of the meetings, Demetria advised Burgess and Shealey that she could obtain

marijuana for an attractive price in El Paso, which prompted discussions among

Demetria, Burgess, Shealey and Moore, and led to a plan by which Burgess and

Shealey would front funds to Demetria for her to travel to El Paso, obtain

marijuana, and mail it to an address provided by Burgess. To assure Demetria's

participation in the plan, a copy of Demetria's identification card, which included

her address, was made by Burgess on a copier at his residence. On June 25, 2008,

Moore drove Demetria to the Burgess residence where Demetria purchased a

round-trip airline ticket online utilizing the computer of Burgess by which

Demetria would travel from Pittsburgh to El Paso and return to Pittsburgh. Moore

then transported Demetria to her home in Beaver Falls where she packed a suitcase

and was taken by Moore to the Pittsburgh International Airport. Upon arriving at

the airport, Demetria and Moore met Burgess and another unidentified individual.

Burgess provided Demetria with $1,500.00 in funds to purchase marijuana in

Texas. Demetria departed thereafter and arrived in El Paso later that day. After

several days of negotiations, Demetria, by way of arrangements made through

LaDon Williams (Williams), a friend of Demetria in El Paso, she purchased four

pounds of marijuana for $800.00.     The marijuana had an odor of gasoline, and

Demetria and Williams attempted to remove the odor by way of a process of

                                         7
boiling vegetables in a pot while holding the marijuana above the steam that was

generated.   While in Texas from June 25, 2008, through June 29, 2008, Demetria

remained in constant contact with Moore, who was in the presence of and staying

at the residence of Burgess. Shealey was also present at the Burgess home during

this time. Moore, at the direction and insistence of Burgess, sent numerous text

messages to Demetria inquiring as to the progress of her efforts to obtain the

marijuana.    After acquiring the marijuana, Demetria falsely forwarded a text

message to Moore that Demetria had been stopped by the police at a checkpoint,

had been arrested and the marijuana confiscated, when in fact, she had the

marijuana mailed to her home in Beaver Falls. According to Moore, Burgess

doubted Demetria's truthfulness.    Prior to Demetria returning to Pittsburgh,

Burgess and Shealey drove to Baltimore, Maryland to visit Burgess' girlfriend,

Antoinette Smothers (Smothers). Demetria returned home from Texas on June 29,

2008. Upon observing a package being delivered to the Harper residence on June

30, 2008, Moore telephoned Burgess while he was in Baltimore to report the

delivery. Immediately thereafter, Burgess and Shealey departed Baltimore and

returned to Pittsburgh in the early evening hours. Later that same night, Burgess

and Shealey traveled to Beaver Falls, entered the Harper home wearing masks

completely covering their faces, gloves and dark clothing, and confronted

                                        8
Demetria and Richard at gun point in their second floor bedroom while the two

children were present demanding the return of the money previously provided

and/or the marijuana.   Demetria advised that the marijuana was in a box in the

bedroom to which Burgess replied that they had no interest in the box. Demetria

and Richard were taken to the basement at gunpoint and hog-tied by the hands and

feet from behind with an electrical cord from a vacuum sweeper.      The children

were then escorted from the second floor bedroom to the basement and placed in a

furnace room a short distance away from their parents, whom they observed bound

and face down on the basement floor. Shortly thereafter, Shealey shot Richard in

the head and Burgess shot Demetria in the head. The children heard the two shots

from their location in the furnace room and also their father groaning from his

wound.    Burgess and Shealey retrieved the box containing the marijuana and

departed, returning to Pittsburgh.   The children remained in the furnace room the

entire night until approximately 11 :00 a.m. on July 1, 2008, when their aunt,

Joanne Vaughn (Vaughn), the sister of Richard, arrived at the house after spotting

Richard's vehicle outside the residence at a time when he should have been at

work.    Richard and Demetria were deceased when discovered by Vaughn who

called police. Within days of the killings, Cheryl Chambers (Chambers) and her

daughter, Rachel Harden (Harden), a girlfriend of Shealey and mother of his child,

                                          9
observed Shealey in the possession of marijuana with an odor of gasoline

attempting to remove the moisture and gasoline odor of the marijuana using a

hairdryer.

       Tyrone Beasley, Jr., who is the first cousin of Burgess, testified on behalf of

the Commonwealth indicating that he and Burgess were very close having known

each other their entire lives; were residents of the same neighborhood; and saw

each other on a daily basis during 2008.          Burgess had provided a cellular

telephone, for which he was the subscriber, to Beasley for his use.          Burgess

informed Beasley that he would be traveling to Baltimore to visit a female

acquaintance at the end of June, 2008.          Upon the defendant's     return from

Baltimore on June 30, 2008, he directed Beasley to exchange the cellular telephone

that Beasley was using for the cellular telephone Burgess possessed, and instructed

Beasley not to answer any calls he received on Burgess' cellular telephone unless

he could identify the caller. When Beasley inquired as to the reason for swapping

telephones, Burgess replied that "somebody got out on him on some money."          In

the early morning hours of July I, 2008, Beasley and his wife, Dara, had an

argument, and Beasley went to the home of Burgess to spend the night. Later that

morning, Beasley inquired of Burgess as to whether he wanted to walk their dogs,

and Burgess replied that "something just went down", and he was required to

                                          10
obtain his vehicle in Beaver Falls. Beasley was employed at Community College

of Allegheny County in the housekeeping department and worked the 11:00 P.M.

through 7:30 A.M. shift, Tuesday through Saturday. While at work from 11 :00

P.M., Tuesday, July 1, 2008, through 7:30 A.M., Wednesday, July 2, 2008, he

learned of the double homicide in Beaver Falls while watching the news on

television. After completing his shift, Beasley met Burgess, informed him of the

news item, and inquired of Burgess whether Burgess obtaining his automobile in

Beaver Falls had anything to do with the double homicide. Burgess put his head

down to his chest and nodded in the affirmative. Burgess advised Beasley that a

person had "got out on him over money and he had to get his". Burgess provided

additional details of arriving at the Harper residence and admitted to participating

in the shootings.

      Testimony was elicited by the Commonwealth from Cheryl Chambers and

her daughter, Rachel Harden, that in the summer of 2008 they had met Burgess

through the co-defendant, Shealey, who fathered a child with Rachel Harden.

Shealey was a daily visitor to the Harden residence along with Burgess. Chambers

testified that she knew that Burgess had a girlfriend in Baltimore and had gone to

visit her with Shealey at the end of June, 2008. In November, 2008, as a result of

reviewing various telephone records, Detective Sergeant Michael Kryder of the

                                         11
Beaver Falls Police Department called Harden's cellular telephone number which

was subscribed to Chambers.    Upon learning that Harden was a minor, Detective

Sergeant Kryder requested that she have Chambers return his call.             Upon

contacting the Beaver Falls police, Chambers was advised that they wanted to

speak with Harden and Chambers, and a meeting was scheduled for the Eat N'

Park Restaurant in Bellevue, Allegheny County. Immediately after scheduling the

meeting, Chambers contacted Burgess who met Chambers and Harden at their

residence.   Burgess informed them that he knew that the subject of the police

inquiry was regarding a bad drug deal and instructed them to inform police that the

reason that his telephone number appeared on their telephone records was because

he was dating Chambers' older daughter, Rochelle. Burgess also informed them

that he would have someone observing the meeting, and that if they did not follow

his instructions that there would be consequences. Chambers and Harden met with

Detective Kryder and Detective Timmie Patrick of the Beaver County District

Attorney's Office Detective Bureau at the Eat N' Park as scheduled and were

shown two photographs, one of which was of Burgess who they both identified.

When Chambers inquired regarding the subject of the investigation, she was

informed that a double homicide had occurred in Beaver Falls. At the conclusion

of the meeting, Chambers and Harden departed, and on the way home, telephoned

                                        12
Burgess who met them at their residence.      Chambers informed Burgess that the

police were investigating the double homicide in Beaver Falls and not a bad drug

deal. During this period of time, the co-defendant, Shealey, was being held in the

Allegheny County Jail on an unrelated homicide . charge.        Burgess expressed

concern regarding Shealey "running his mouth" and directed Harden to inquire of

Shealey as to whether the Beaver Falls police had contacted him. Chambers and

Harden also indicated that Shealey had access to the cellular telephone in the

possession of Harden. The telephone records disclosed contact between Demetria

and Harden's telephone number. Both Chambers and Harden denied that they had

ever been in contact with Demetria.    Burgess also advised Chambers and Harden

that he had an alibi for his whereabouts at the time of the double homicides.

Harden further indicated that Burgess was overly concerned with the Beaver

County situation.

      Isaiah Paillett provided testimony on behalf of the Commonwealth that he

had known the defendant since 1993 as friends from the North Side of Pittsburgh.

He was aware that Burgess and Shealey knew each other, since he had introduced

them during the summer of 2007.       As a result of being indicted by the Federal

authorities, Paillett, Shealey and Burgess were incarcerated in 2010 at the

Northeastern Ohio Correctional Facility on the same cell block with free access to

                                         13
one another from April 28, 2010 through May 12, 2010, at which time Burgess

provided specific details of his participation together with Shealey in committing

the murders of the Harpers. Burgess confirmed that Shealey shot Richard and that

he shot Demetria.

       As a basis for his assertion that the above evidence was insufficient to link

the defendant to the homicides, Burgess submitted solely the following statement

in the brief in support of his post-sentencing motion:

      The Commonwealth failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that
      the defendant committed all of the crimes to which he was charged
      even when the evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the
      Commonwealth.

Burgess failed to delineate which evidence was insufficient or the reasons for the

insufficiency of the evidence as to the identity of the defendant as the perpetrator.

Furthermore, the defendant failed to set forth any authority for his position.

      Upon careful review of all of the evidence presented in the case, the court

finds that the Commonwealth established beyond a reasonable doubt that Burgess

was the perpetrator of the crimes of which he was convicted.

 SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE OF ELEMENTS FOR TWO COUNTS OF
         RECKLESSLY ENDANGERING ANOTHER PERSON

      Burgess contests that the minor victims. were placed in danger of death or

serious bodily injury when Burgess and Shealey shot the adult victims in the

                                          14
basement of the residence while the children were located in the furnace room of

the basement, and therefore, the Commonwealth failed to establish the elements of

the two counts of recklessly endangering another person.

        As noted above, the episode initiated on the second floor of the Harper

home.    When the minor victims attempted to enter their parents' bedroom, they

encountered Burgess (the taller individual) and Shealey, one of whom closed the

door on the head of Iyana, who began to cry. Both minor victims were then forced

into the bedroom, with Burgess grabbing lyana and placing a gun to her head while

telling her to shut up.   After both parents were taken to the basement, Burgess

returned to the second floor bedroom and escorted the minor victims at gunpoint to

the basement and placed them in the furnace room adjacent to where their parents

were lying on the floor face down and hog-tied from behind. Both minor victims

described the location of their parents on the floor as being "right. in front of the

furnace room".

        Detective   Timothy   Staub     characterized    the   Harper   home   as   an

approximately 100 year-old, two-story structure.        The basement of the residence

was described as being relatively small with sandstone walls and exposed rough

cut timber joists in the low ceiling.    He detailed his extensive and unsuccessful

efforts in attempting to find the bullet which had entered and exited Richard
                                           15
Harper's head. Detective Sergeant Kryder recounted that the furnace room was a

small square area that occupied approximately one-fourth of the total basement.

      The court, in Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 747 A.2d 910, 915-916 (2000)

summarized the requirements to prove the offense of recklessly endangering

another person, as follows:

      A person commits the crime of recklessly endangering another person
      if he engages in conduct which places or may place another person in
      danger of death or serious bodily injury. 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2705. Our
      law defines "serious bodily injury" as "bodily injury which creates a
      substantial risk of death or which causes serious, permanent
      disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any
      bodily member or organ." Id. § 2301; Commonwealth v. Rochon, 398
      Pa.Super. 494, 581 A.2d 239, 243 (1990). To sustain a conviction
      under section 2705, the Commonwealth must prove that the defendant
      had an actual present ability to inflict harm and not merely the
      apparent ability to do so. In re Maloney, 431 Pa.Super, 321, 636 A.2d
      671, 674 (1994). Danger, not merely the apprehension of danger,
      must be created. Id. The mens rea for recklessly endangering another
      person is "a conscious disregard of a known risk of death or great
      bodily harm to another person." Commonwealth v. Peer, 454
      Pa.Super, 109, 684 A.2d 1077, 1080 (1996). Brandishing a loaded
      firearm during the commission of a crime provides a sufficient basis
      on which a factfinder may conclude that a defendant proceeded with
      conscious disregard for the safely of others, and that he had the
      present ability to inflict great bodily harm or death. Id. at 1080-1081.

      The defendant asserts that the children were protected in the furnace room

and thus not in danger of death or serious bodily injury. This argument fails for

two reasons. Initially, the children were subjected by the defendant to a loaded

                                         16
firearm pointed at or toward them in the second floor bedroom of their parents and

again as they were taken to the basement.       Secondly, in view of the fact that the

bullet that killed Richard Harper was never found, a reasonable inference can be

drawn that the bullets that killed the Harpers may have ricocheted from the floor or

the walls of the basement and into the furnace room.           In both instances, the

defendant had actual present ability to inflict harm and created a danger sufficient

to consciously disregard a known risk of death or serious bodily injury to the

children.

       The defendant cites Commonwealth v. Hopkins, supra, and Commonwealth

v. Peer, 454 Pa. Super. 109, 684 A.2d 1077 (1996), in an effort to distinguish the

facts in those cases from those in the instant case. However, the defendant's

distinctions fail. In both Hopkins and Peer, the court held that the brandishing of a

loaded firearm during the commission of a crime provides sufficient basis on

which a factfinder may conclude that a defendant proceeded with conscious

disregard for the safety of others, and that he had the present ability to inflict great

bodily harm or death.        The Peer court upheld a conviction for recklessly

endangering another person where the defendant possessed a gun at a party at

which he consumed alcohol, brandished the gun during a melee, struggled over

control of the gun, and threatened to kill two people. In Hopkins, the court held
                                           17
that the evidence was sufficient to support convictions for recklessly endangering

another person with respect to two victims, where the defendant was .in visible

possession of a gun, the gun was loaded, the defendant used the gun to pistol whip

a victim while another victim was less than five feet away during the pistol

whipping, and the defendant carried the gun as he took money from a victim. In

neither of the cases was the weapon actually fired. In the present case, not only did

Burgess place a weapon to the head of one of the minor victims and escort the

minor victims at gunpoint to the basement, he participated in shooting and killing

the adult victims while the children were in close proximity in the furnace room.

Based upon the above facts, the court determines that the Commonwealth

produced evidence sufficient to convict Burgess of the two counts of recklessly

endangering another person as to the two minor children.

               ALLEGED VIOLATION OF RULE 615 OF THE
                 PENNSYLVANIA RULES OF EVIDENCE

      Burgess alleges a violation of Rule 615 of the Pennsylvania Rules of

Evidence as an error and/or abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court in

permitting the three co-affiants to remain present during the entire trial. Prior to

the commencement of the trial, defense counsel argued that Rule 615 permitted

only one affiant to remain in the courtroom during the trial and relied on the cases

                                         18
of Commonwealth v.         Turner, 371 Pa. 417, 88 A.2d 915 (1952) and

Commonwealth v. Fant, 480 Pa. 586, 391 A.2d 1040 (1978). The defendant's

brief further cited the former comment to Rule 615 which stated "in a criminal

case, the prosecution has a right to have the law enforcement agent primarily

responsible for investigating the case at the counsel table to assist in presenting the

case, even though the agent will be a witness."

      Prior to the commencement of the trial, defense counsel requested

sequestration of all but one affiant. The Commonwealth responded that Detective

Sergeant Kryder of the Beaver Falls Police Department, Detective Patrick of the

Beaver County District Attorney's Office Detective Bureau and Agent Maurice

Ferentino, Senior Special Agent with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms

and Explosives had all executed the affidavit in support of the criminal complaint

as co-affiants. The assistant district attorney also advised the court that Agent

Ferentino had been specifically sworn in as a special task force officer by the

district attorney, providing him with state authority to execute the affidavit.

       Rule 615 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence, 42 Pa. C.S., governing

sequestration of witnesses provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

       At a party's request the court may order witnesses sequestered so that
       they cannot learn of other witnesses' testimony. Or, the court may do
       so on its own. But this rule does not authorize sequestering: (b) an
       officer or employee of a party that is not a natural person (including
                                         19
      the Commonwealth)          after   being   designated   as   the   party's
      representative by its attorney.

      An appellant must demonstrate that he was actually prejudiced by a trial

judge's sequestration order before any relief may be warranted. Commonwealth v.

Stevenson, 894 A.2d 759, 767 (Pa. Sup'!r. 2006) (Citation omitted). A request for

sequestration must be specific and supported by a showing· that the interests of

justice require it. Commonwealth v. Counterman, 553 Pa. 370, 399, 719 A.2d

284, 299 (1998) (Citation omitted). The purpose of sequestration is to prevent a

witness from molding his testimony with that presented by other witnesses. Id.

      Burgess asserts that Rule 615 never envisioned that the Commonwealth

would be permitted to allow for three law enforcement officers to sit at counsel

table, however, his argument lacks any supporting authority. Rule 615, on its face,

does not limit the Commonwealth to one law enforcement officer to remain as the

only representative of the Commonwealth during trial.               Furthermore, the

defendant's averment that the testimony of the three officers supported and

overlapped one another, thus resulting in prejudice, fails to establish the specificity

required to support a showing that the interests of justice required sequestration.

The defendant has failed to indicate how any of the officers' testimony was molded

by the testimony of each of the other officers. Without proof of specific evidence

                                          20
justifying sequestration or the demonstration of actual prejudice, the defendant's

argument as to a violation of Rule 615 fails.

      The defendant's     reliance   on Commonwealth v. Turner, supra, and

Commonwealth v. Fant, supra, is of no benefit. The Turner court determined that

in a murder prosecution, the refusal of the trial court to grant a request for

sequestration of two detectives whose testimony, relating to an inculpatory

statement made by the defendant in supposed secrecy to a fellow prisoner, had a

critical bearing on the defendant's guilt or innocence, and whose credibility was

consequently of paramount importance, was an abuse of discretion. In Fant, the

defendant was convicted of two counts of third degree murder after never having

been identified prior to trial and whose conviction was based almost entirely on

eyewitness testimony. The denial of his request to sequester the prosecution's

witnesses, who either placed the defendant at the scene of the killings or testified

that they witnessed the defendant commit the shooting, was held to be an abuse of

discretion denying the defendant due process. The factual situations in Turner and

Fant are clearly distinguishable from those of the case at bar.

      The record reveals that the case against Burgess initially was investigated by

the Beaver Falls Police Department and the Beaver County District Attorney's

Office Detective Bureau, was subsequently referred to the United States Attorney's

                                          21
Office as a result of a Federal grand jury investigation, and then returned to the

Beaver County District Attorney's Office for prosecution.         Therefore, the three

separate agencies were jointly cooperating in the investigation leading to the

charges filed against the defendant and justified the three co-affiants remaining

present during the entire trial. In addition, the testimony of the officers in the

instant case was not so critical to the Commonwealth's case as in Turner and

Fant, in light of the evidence            from other witnesses produced        by the

Commonwealth to establish the defendant's guilt.

             ALLEGED DUE PROCESS VIOLATION DUE TO
          ALLEGED CAJOLING/THREATENING   OF WITNESSES

      The defendant asserts that Detective Patrick's          interactions with three

Commonwealth witnesses, Tyrone Beasley, Jr. (Beasley), Antionette Smothers

(Smothers) and Shavon Hampton (Hampton), constituted outrageous government

misconduct resulting in a violation of due process.       Specifically, the defendant

alleges that Detective Patrick cajoled and/or threatened these witnesses to testify

favorably for the Commonwealth.       In response, the Commonwealth initially argues

that the failure of the defendant to raise the due process issue at the pre-trial stage

or during trial results in a waiver of this claim.

                                           22
      A review of the entire record confirms the Commonwealth's              position.

Neither prior to nor during the trial did the defendant challenge Detective Patrick's

conduct as a violation of due process.    The defendant first made this claim in his

post-sentence   motion.   Rule 720(B) of the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal

Procedure, 42 Pa. C.S., provides that only issues raised before or during trial are

deemed preserved for appeal. Absent a contemporaneous objection, the issue is

not properly preserved on appeal.     Commonwealth v. Melendez-Rodriguez, 856

A.2d 1278, 1287 (Pa. Super. 2004). A criminal defendant cannot assert a claim in

a post-sentence motion for a new trial that evidence was erroneously admitted

during his trial if he had not lodged an objection during the trial when the evidence

was admitted. Commonwealth v. Kohan, 825 A.2d 702, 706 (Pa. Super. 2003).

Failure to object results in a waiver of the claim. Id. Although the Kohan

decision was superseded by the 2005 amendments as to paragraphs (A) and (C) of

Rule 720 regarding after discovered evidence, its ruling as to raising issues prior to

or at trial in order to preserve them on appeal pursuant to paragraph (B) of the Rule

remains applicable.

       The defendant, having failed to raise the issue of Detective Patrick's conduct

with the three witnesses prior to or at trial, this claim has not been preserved and is

thus waived.

                                          23
      Assuming arguendo that waiver is inapplicable, the defendant's allegation of

coercing the witnesses is not supported by the record and thus fails to meet the

requirements for a violation of due process based upon outrageous government

misconduct.

      To establish a due process violation on the basis of outrageous government

misconduct, the defendant must prove that such conduct was so grossly shocking

and so outrageous as to violate the universal sense of justice. Commonwealth v..

Benchino, 399 Pa. Super. 521, 526, 582 A.2d 1067, 1069 (1990). (Citations

omitted). The conduct of the government in conducting criminal investigations

will be found to violate due process only in the rarest and most outrageous

circumstances. Id. (Citations omitted).

      In regard to Commonwealth witness Beasley, the defendant claims that

Beasley was threatened by Detective Patrick by kicking him under the table in the

interview room resulting in Beasley being hospitalized for a significant time.

Burgess also avers that Detective Patrick testified that Beasley was "a project" that

needed to be talked to in rough fashion to get him to say what police wanted from

him during a lengthy interview with only one pause in the questioning.

      A review of the record reveals that Beasley testified that on August 4, 2008,

approximately one month following the murders, at approximately 1 :00 P.M.,

                                          24
                                                        (

Detective Patrick, Detective Sergeant Kryder and Detective Robert Chamberlain

proceeded to his residence as a result of viewing the telephone number of

Beasley's wife on the defendant's telephone records.         Beasley voluntarily

consented to meet the officers at the Pittsburgh police headquarters on Western

Avenue. Beasley drove himself to the police station where the officers met with

him in an interview room and commenced questioning him regarding his

knowledge of the defendant and the defendant' s involvement in the Harper

murders. Beasley remained with the officers at the police department until 5:43

P.M. at which time he provided a tape-recorded statement. During the course of

the interview, the parties took a break when they ate snacks and consumed liquids.

Beasley provided the officers with the name of his girlfriend, Annette Jackson, to

corroborate that he and Beasley had exchanged telephones upon the defendant's

return from Baltimore. Beasley indicated that he suffers from Type I Diabetes,

however, he did not inform the police of his condition and exhibited no signs of

distress or confusion. He remained coherent during the interview, corrected the

officers regarding some details of information and confirmed that he was not

bullied by the police. Upon conclusion of the interview, Beasley's wife, Dara,

arrived at the police station concerned that Beasley had not taken his prescribed

medication and drove him to the hospital where they arrived at 8 :03 P.M. His

                                        25
blood glucose level was slightly elevated, he was given medication and released

from the hospital the next day. While in transport to the hospital, Dara advised that

Beasley was not confused and that he informed her that he was kicked under the

table by one of the officers in the interview room. Beasley did not mention to his

wife that he was bullied by the officers. Beasley continued to remain in contact

with Detective Patrick throughout their entire investigation to the time of trial and

remained cooperative.     Detective Patrick described Beasley's interview as "a

process", because he was uncertain as to the information the officers were

attempting to obtain and was told to slow down in order for the officers to get the

details he was providing "bit by bit", as he had "a lot of information to give".

Detective Patrick was unaware of Beasley's medical condition until much later in

the investigation. Detective Patrick further related that Beasley remained coherent

and even corrected officers on some of the information.

      Smothers, who is the defendant's fiance, resided in Baltimore, Maryland. In

March, 2012, Detective Patrick and Detective Kim Clements of the Beaver County

District Attorney's Office Detective Bureau proceeded to Baltimore to interview

Smothers. The defendant alleges that Smothers had previously testified before the

grand jury and that the detectives were hoping to obtain her testimony against him.

Detective Patrick had Smothers listen to tape recordings of various telephone calls

                                         26
                       (

between her and the defendant, and also between Hampton, the defendant's

girlfriend in Pittsburgh, and the defendant, resulting in Smothers changing her

statement to assist the investigation.

      Detective Patrick related that Smothers was combative from the initial

contact and confirmed that he had her listen to the telephone calls between her and

the defendant to demonstrate to her that investigators were aware of the telephone

communications. Detective Patrick further testified that he had Smothers listen to

telephone calls between the defendant and Hampton in which he spoke about

having a life together with Hampton at the same time he was talking about having

a life with Smothers. Detective Patrick further indicated that despite Smothers

telling him that she had testified before the grand jury, he informed her that the

police had follow-up questions to ask.        Detective Patrick also displayed a

photograph of the crime scene to emphasize that the police intended to continue

their investigation into the Harper murders. In his testimony, Detective Patrick

verified that Smothers confirmed her grand jury testimony as to the defendant and

co-defendant visiting her at the end of June, 2008 and immediately departing after

Burgess received a telephone call at which time the defendant said to her "Hey,

Babe, I got to go home. I got to get my money. They're messing with my

                                         27
                      (                                  (

money". At no time did Smothers indicate that she was threatened or coerced in

any manner.

      With respect to the Commonwealth witness Hampton, who was the mother

of the defendant's child, the defendant avers that Hampton changed her story and

gave information to the police that they wanted after the detectives once again had

her listen to telephone calls between her and the defendant, as well as between

Smothers and the defendant, and showed her a photograph of the crime scene.

      Detective Patrick advised that he interviewed Hampton immediately after

arriving in Pittsburgh from the Smothers meeting in Baltimore in March, 2012.

Detective Patrick advised that Hampton was cooperative to a point, however, she

was reluctant since she and the defendant were parents of a daughter. Detective

Patrick further testified that he met on several occasions with Hampton. In her

testimony, Hampton stated that she felt pressured by Detective Patrick and felt she

was being harassed because he talked to her a number of times. She admitted that

the tape recordings of the telephone calls angered her. Burgess directed Hampton

to file harassment charges against Detective Patrick. Hampton's statements to

Detective Patrick were consistent with what she had previously indicated to Agent

Ferentino on December 2, 2011.

                                        28
      The record is devoid of any threats, false representations, deception or

trickery used by Detective     Patrick in interviewing Beasley,      Smothers and

Hampton. All three witnesses voluntarily agreed to speak with the officers. The

court determines that Detective Patrick's conduct in interviewing the witnesses

was within the normal course of a criminal investigation and did not constitute

outrageous government misconduct so as to establish a violation of the defendant's

due process rights.

 ALLEGED ERROR/ABUSE OF DISCRETION IN REFUSING REQUEST
     FOR MISTRIAL BY REASON OF ALLEGED REFERENCE
             TO DEFENDANT AS GANG MEMBER

      The defendant next alleges that the court abused its discretion in refusing to

grant a mistrial on the basis that Agent Maurice Ferentino testified the defendant

was a gang member or associated with a gang, and that such testimony violated

Rule 404(b) of the Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence, 42 Pa. C.S., prohibiting

· evidence of a crime, wrong or other acts and requiring notice from the

Commonwealth of its intended use of such evidence.

      In response to the assistant district attorney's mquiry regarding the

significance of the user name of "raw 1728" on the defendant's computer from

which the airline ticket was purchased for Demetria to travel to El Paso, Texas to

                                        29
obtain marijuana, the following direct testimony and cross-examination of Agent

Ferentino reveals evidence contrary to the defendant's allegations:

      BY MS. POPOVICH:

      Q.     Now, you were also present for the testimony involving the
             purchasing of the plane ticket; is that correct?

      A.     The plane ticket?

      Q.     To Texas.

      A.     Oh, yes.

      Q.     And the use of the computer that we have as Commonwealth's
             Exhibit No. 74?

      A.    Yes.

      Q.    And you heard that the user account was "rawl 728"?

      A.    Yes.

      Q.    Does that have any significance to you?

      A.    Yes.

      Q.    Okay. First of all, the "raw" part?

      A.    The "raw" being Mr. Burgess.

      Q.    Okay. What does 1728 mean to you?

      A.    1 728 is, I know I just spoke to the jury regarding the gang
            members that we, as ATF, indicted in 2010. 1728 or 28 was

                                         30
popular among the gang members.       They would wear tattoos
that. said 1728 or 28.

I know this from both the gang members that were indicted
and cooperating informants in that investigation that 1728
referred to an abandoned house on Brighton Place, a street in
the North Side of Pittsburgh where gang members would
congregate, fight dogs, stash drugs, and weapons.

MR. SHAHEN:       Objection, Your Honor.     May we approach
side bar?

(WHEREUPON, the following proceedings were had at side
bar:)

MR. SHAHEN: Your Honor, I, at this point my objection is
based upon the answers given by the agent whereas a reference
to gangs and gang related symbols. I don't know, first off,
based upon the fact that that, that he is now associating Mr.
Burgess with a gang under the circumstances where I was
never given a definition of Rule 7 what 1728 is.

I don't, even if I was, Your Honor, by asking that question and
taking that information and putting it before the jury I think we
have created a situation now of the jury knowing or believing
or being told that my client is a member of a gang warrants a
mistrial, and for that reason, Your Honor, I would ask for a
mistrial.

MS. POPOVICH: Your Honor, I am not illiciting the
testimony to say he was part of a gang. My next question was
going to be we are not here saying he was part of a gang.
However, there was testimony, and this was all brought out
through cross-examination of Margarette Moore, that the other
individuals that he associates with, Devon Shealey, the tall
dark individual, that they were gang members. They are
serious. They are gang members. That all came out through
Margarette Moore's testimony.         This is just showing
                            31
     knowledge of Shealey, and it goes with his knowledge of
     Devon Shealey.

     MR. FARRELL:      So Shealey is part of RICO?

     THE COURT:      What are you intending to do next?

     MS. POPOVICH: Actually my next question is we are not
     here saying that Robert Burgess is a member of the gang.

     MR. QUINN:       It may even lead into, because Shealey was a
     part of RICO that this affiliates him with the RICO, this 1728.

     MR. SHAREN:        Your Honor, my fellow wasn't even
     charged.

     MR. QUINN: I didn't mean affiliated. Burgess, it shows him
     that he's aware of the gang members. As she said Shealey is a
     part of RICO, being a part of the gang member, and-

     THE COURT:         Well, whether Shealey is a part of gang
     members or not I don't think is relevant, so I don't know that
     I'm going to let you get into that. The question you indicated
     you are going to ask I will permit.

     MS. POPOVICH: Um-hum.

     THE COURT: Your motion for mistrial is denied.

     (WHEREUPON, the side bar proceedings were concluded, and
     thereafter the following proceedings were had in open Court:)

     THE COURT:       Miss Popovich.

BY MS. POPOVICH:

Q.   And, Agent Ferentino, just to clarify we are not here testifying
     today that Mr. Burgess was part of a gang?
                                 32
       A.    No. You asked me if the number 1728 had any significance to
             me, and I answered your question.

       Q.    Okay.

       CROSS-EXAMINATION            BY MR. SHAHEN:

       Q.    Good morning, Agent Ferentino.

      A.     Good morning.

       Q.    I want to make it clear for everybody that you're speaking to in
             this courtroom that when you mentioned 1728 and what it
             stands for, you in no way and in no manner intended to tell this
             jury that Mr. Burgess was a member of any gang, is that true?

      A.     Miss Popovich asked the question if 1728 had any significance
             to me, and I answered the question.

       (T.T. Volume XII, Pages 109-114)

      Rule 605 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure, 42 Pa. C.S., sets

forth the requirements for a mistrial, as follows:

             (B) When an event prejudicial to the defendant occurs during
                 trial only the defendant may move for a mistrial; the
                 motion shall be made when the event is disclosed.
                 Otherwise, the trial judge may declare a mistrial only for
                 reasons of manifest necessity.

A mistrial is an extreme remedy and is required only when the incident is of such

nature that the unavoidable effect is to deprive the defendant of a fair trial.

Commonwealth v. Montalvo, 434 Pa. Super. 14, 38, 641 A.2d 1176, 1188 (1994)

                                         33
(Citations omitted). "Prejudicial", in the context of a motion for mistrial, denotes

an event which may reasonably be said to have deprived the defendant of a fair and

impartial trial. Id., citing Commonwealth v. Larkin, 340 Pa. Super. 56, 63, 489

A.2d 837, 840-841 (1985). The specific test to be applied upon a motion for

mistrial is whether improper evidence was admitted at trial, such as would so

compromise the fact-finder that it would be unable to remain impartial, thereby

prejudicing the defendant beyond a reasonable doubt. Id., citing Commonwealth v.

Dean, 300 Pa. Super. 86, 91, 445 A.2d 1311, 1313 (1982). A mistrial may be

granted only where the incident upon which the motion is- based is of such a nature

that its unavoidable effect is to deprive the defendant of a fair trial by preventing

the jury from weighing and rendering a true verdict. Commonwealth v. Rega, 593

Pa. 659, 692, 933 A.2d 997, 1016 (2007), Commonwealth v. Simpson, 562 Pa.

255, 754 A.2d 1264, 1272 (2000).

      In the present case, Agent Ferentino clearly testified on both direct and

cross-examination that he was not indicating that Burgess was a gang member.

The defendant has therefore failed to demonstrate the prejudice required to deprive

him of a fair and impartial trial to warrant the extreme remedy of a mistrial.

                                          34
          ALLEGED ABUSE OF DISCRETION IN REFUSING
        REQUEST FOR MiSTRIAL BY REASON OF REFERENCE
               TO DEFENDANT BEING ON PAROLE

      The defendant further argues that the court abused its discretion in denying

his request for a mistrial upon the Commonwealth witness, Margarette Moore,

testifying on direct examination that the defendant was on parole.

      Moore, in cooperation with the police, had arranged to return the defendant's

car to him in Ambridge, Beaver County. Moore indicated that the· defendant

wanted to meet in Leetsdale, Allegheny County. In response to the assistant

district attorney's question as to the reason that the defendant desired to meet in

Leetsdale rather than Ambridge, Moore testified "I guess because he was on parole

or something. He wasn't allowed out of Allegheny County." Defense counsel

objected and at side bar requested a mistrial which the court denied on the basis

that extensive relevant testimony was anticipated to be subsequently elicited

regarding the defendant's incarceration. on various other charges. In addition, the

court refused the Commonwealth's suggestion for a cautionary instruction based

upon the brief reference to the defendant being on parole as not being prejudicial to

the defendant, and that giving such an instruction to the jury would only emphasize

the passing remark. (T.T., Volume X, Pages 89-92).

                                         35
      Not all references which may indicate pnor criminal activity require

reversal. Commonwealth v. Blystone, 555 Pa. 565, 580, 725 A.2d 1197, 1204

(1999) (Citation omitted). Mere passing references to criminal activity will not

require reversal unless the record indicates that prejudice resulted from the

reference. Id. In view of the fact that subsequent relevant testimony revealed that

the defendant had been incarcerated both at the Allegheny County Jail and the

Northeast Ohio Correctional Facility for offenses unrelated to the instant charges,

the passing reference of the defendant being on parole lacked the prejudice

required to deny the defendant a fair trial and thus warrant a mistrial.

                  ABUSE OF DISCRETION IN ADMISSION
                   OF ALLEGED HEARSAY EVIDENCE

      The defendant claims that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting

hearsay testimony of Commonwealth witness Paillett that the co-defendant;

Shealey, asked Paillett to have Burgess moved to the section of the jail where

Paillett and Shealey were located while all of them were incarcerated at the

Allegheny County Jail.

      During discussions in chambers prior to Paillett testifying, the assistant

district attorney indicated that Paillett would be questioned regarding his

unsuccessful attempt to have Burgess moved to the same pod in the Allegheny

County Jail where Paillett and Shealey were housed in November, 2008. (See
                                          36
T.T., Volume XII, Pages 250-255).       The court, over the defendant's hearsay

objection, authorized the Commonwealth to examine Paillett as to his efforts to

have Burgess relocated to their area of the Allegheny County Jail.

      In his initial testimony, Paillett indicated that he had known Burgess and

Shealey since the 1990's,   and introduced Burgess and Shealey to one another in

2007. All three individuals were from the Northside neighborhood of Pittsburgh

and were often in daily contact and in the company of each other in 2007 and 2008.

The Commonwealth's      examination of Paillett by the assistant district attorney

concerning the three of them while inmates in the Allegheny County Jail consisted

of the following:

      ISAIAH PAILLETTBY MS. POPOVICH

      Q.     Now, I'm going to move on now to November of 2008. Do
             you remember that timeframe?

      A.     Yeah.

      Q.     Where were you then?

      A.     Allegheny County Jail.

      Q.     And during that time period was Devon Shealey also
             incarcerated at the Allegheny County Jail?

      A.     Yes.

      Q.     And were you cellmates?

                                        37
A.     Yes, we were.

Q.     How did that come to be?

A.     Well, he was on the pod that I, you know, later got to, 7, 7E,
       and I had asked a friend of mine to get me moved down there
       to the pod where he was at.

       I got there. He had a celly in there with him at the time. You
       know, we made him move. I moved in, and we cellies for
       about close to, close to a year.

Q.     Okay. And what is a celly?

A. ·   Me and another guy living together, bunking up.

Q.     So --

A.     Bunkbed.

Q.     - - you and Mr. Shealey lived in the same cell?

A.     Right, bunkbed, desk, toilet, sink, that's it.

Q.     Okay. During that time period in early November, or after,
       while you're cellmates with Devon Shealey, do you learn that
       Robert Burgess ends up in the Allegheny County Jail?

A.     Yeah. I heard he was in the jail, and.

Q.     And at that point do you try to have him moved onto your pod?

A.     Yeah, I asked somebody to get him moved up, check the
       computer, see where he was at first, and she said that he was in
       the shoe. That's like the clinic. Everybody goes through there
       when you first come in. I asked her to get him moved up.

                                    38
      Q.     But you ultimately learn that he is then later released from the
             Allegheny County Jail, and you weren't able to have him
             moved?
      A.     Yeah, later that day.
      (T. T., Volume XIII, Pages 122-123).

The defendant avers that Paillett was permitted to testify that Shealey expressed to

him that Shealey wanted Burgess to be moved closer to them in the Allegheny

County Jail. However, during the Commonwealth's direct examination of Paillett,

the assistant district attorney refrained from any reference that Shealey requested

that Burgess be relocated to the cellblock in which Paillett and Shealey were

inmates nor did Paillett indicate that Shealey wanted the defendant moved close to

them. The assistant district attorney inquired of Paillett as to whether he learned

that the defendant had been incarcerated in the Allegheny County Jail, and the

subsequent actions he took in response to becoming aware of the defendant's

incarceration. An out-of-court statement offered to explain a course of conduct is

not hearsay. Commonwealth v. DeHart, 512 Pa. 235, 254, 516 A.2d 6565, 666

(1986) (prosecutor merely eliciting information as to the reason for a telephone call

being made was not hearsay); Commonwealth v. Cruz, 489 Pa. 559, 414 A.2d

1032 (1980) (evidence of a police radio call offered to show how a police officer

giving testimony came into contact with the defendant was admissible as not being

hearsay since it was an out-of-court statement offered to explain a course of

                                         39
conduct).   Paillett learning of the defendant's admission to the Allegheny County

Jail and his response in attempting to have the defendant moved to the same area as

Paillett and Shealey do not constitute hearsay, and therefore, the defendant's

argument is without merit.

       ALLEGED ERROR IN REFUSING TO CHARGE JURY
                 ON DEFENSE OF DURESS

      The defendant argues that the trial court erred in refusing to instruct the jury

as to the defense of duress. In particular, Burgess alleges that Paillett testified that

the co-defendant, Shealey, pointed a gun at him to force him to kill the female

victim, Demetria.

      The Crimes Code, 18 Pa. C.S. §309, sets forth the requirements for duress:

             (a)    General Rule. It is a. defense that the actor engaged in the
              conduct charged to_ constitute an offense because he was
              coerced to do so by the use of, or a threat to use, unlawful
              force against his person or the person of another, which a
              person of reasonable firmness in his situation would have been
              unable to resist.

The elements necessary to establish the duress defense are immediate or imminent

threat of death or serious bodily injury; well grounded or reasonable fear that the

threat will be carried out; and no reasonable opportunity to escape threatened harm

except by committing the criminal act. Commonwealth v. Baskerville, 452 Pa.

Super. 82, 681 A.2d 195 (1996), appeal denied 547 Pa. 723, 689 A.2d 230 (1997).

                                           40
In determining whether there is sufficient evidentiary support for a jury instruction

on the defense of duress, a trial court considers all evidence presented, whether

adduced by the defendant as part of his case in chief, through cross-examination,

or, conceivably, in the Commonwealth's        own case in chief. Commonwealth v.

Markman, 591 Pa. 249, 916A.2d 586 (2007).

      Contrary to the defendant's assertion, the following examination of Paillett

fails to demonstrate that Paillett testified Shealey pointed the gun at Burgess and

forced him to kill Demetria:

      ISAIAH PAILLETT BY MS. POPOVICH

      Q.     Now, did he tell you specifically what was supposed to happen
             with drugs or money?

      A.     Well, they did something once he said. Everything was good,
             something like just to see, you know, how it was going to go,
             and he gave him, he gave her a large amount of money and
             nothing came back, the money, the drugs, nothing.

      Q.     Did he tell you where the drugs were supposed to come from?

      A.     Texas.

      Q.     So after he tells you that they have them lined up in the
             basement, what else does he tell you?

      A.     Well, he said he was confronting her, and one of the kids had
             peaked out the door to see what was going on with their
             family. He said that Shealey told one, you know, the kid go
             back in there, everything will be already,just go back in, shut

                                         41
     the closet, and Shealey had lifted his mask up. That's basically
     a sign that, you know, let you know that you about to die, and.

Q.   How do you know that?

A.   Burgess told me that, told me he lifted his mask up.

Q.   Now, you testified that you raised Shealey in the streets?

A.   Right.

Q.   You taught him how to be a thug?

A.   Right.

Q.   So to you, what does taking the mask off mean?

A.   See my face, so you know, can't let you, can't, it's impossible
     to let you live.

Q.   So after Burgess tells you that Shealey took off his mask, what
     does he tell you next?

A.   He says Shealey shot him, shot the male, looked at Burgess
     while Burgess still had the lady at gun point, you know, as to
     say like, you know, what is.you waiting on. Put him under the
     gun, so he shot her, and as they was exiting the house, he said,
     they was coming down the steps or whatever of the house,
     looked up. There was somebody looking out the window. I
     guess they heard the shot, and they just ran to the car.
     (T.T., Volume XIII, Pages 128 - 130)

ISAIAH PAILLETT BY MR. FARRELL

Q.   And Burgess is telling you that these two people are standing
     there; right?

A.   Right.
                                 42
Q.   And he's saying something to them?

A.   Yes, he is.

Q.   What is he saying when they're standing there according to
     him?
A.   His words was, "You thought you was· gonna get out on me for
     my stuff," his words.

Q.   All right. And nobody said anything to them, did they?

A.   Towho?

Q.   To Burgess.

A.   He didn't say what they said back then the response.

Q.   Well, he said he was doing all the talking, didn't he?

A.   Exactly.

Q.   And nobody else was talking?           Shealey wasn't talking;
     correct?

A.   Not at all.

Q.   And the two people weren't talking; correct?

A.   He didn't tell me what the people was saying in response. He
     told me what he was saying to them.

Q.   Okay. And did he say Shealey got angry and pulled up his
     mask?

A.   Yes.

Q.   Enough is enough, I'm pulling up my mask?
                                43
A.   Enough talking.

Q.   Enough talking?

A.   Yeah.

Q.   Okay. And he says, Burgess says he pulls up his mask and
     Shealey pulls out that gun and shots them?

A.   Well, one of the kids had came out.

Q.   Okay. Yeah, you did say that.

A.   Um-hum.

Q.   Down in the basement one of the kids came out and they said
     go back in?

A.   Right.

Q.   And once that went in, once the mask went up, everybody
     knew what that meant?

A.   .Exactly.

Q.   Lights are out?

A.   Lights wear out.

Q.   Shealey pulls out the gun, shoots them?

A.   Shoots the man.

Q.   Shoots the man?

A.   Right.

                                44
Q.   Did Burgess tell you why he shot the man?

A.   That's what they were there for.

Q.   For the man, shooting the man?

A.   To both of them, that's what they were there for.
Q.   The man was involved in this, both of them, both the male and
     the female were involved in this drug deal?

A.   They wasn't gonna go up there and kill the lady that's for sure.

Q.   Okay.

A.   You know, if the kids was a little older, I'm pretty sure that
     something would have happened to them, too.

Q.   So Shealey shoots the man?

A.   Right.

Q.   Shoots him in the head?

A.   Right.

Q.   As Shealey is looking at him, as I'm looking at this poor
     officer right here, eyeball to eyeball; right?

A.   Eyeball to eyeball.

Q.   And that's,what he said?

A.   Yep.

Q.   And you remember that for sure?

A.   Exactly.

                                 45
Q.   And he pulls the trigger and he shoots him?

A.   Right.

Q.   Right in the head, boom?

A.   Yep.
Q.   How many times did he shoot him according to my client?

A.   Once.

Q.   Once?

A.   Um-hum.

Q.   Did you, did Shealey tum over and shoot the woman?

A.   No, sir.

Q.   No. Then what happened?

A.   It was Burgess' tum.

Q.   Burgess' turn?

A.   Yep.

Q.   Oh, ifs your tum?

A.   It's his tum.

Q.   Okay. You understand what's what this, I mean you sound
     like you, you know?

A.   It was Burgess' problem from the start, you know.

Q.   All right.

                                46
A.   So can't come this far and don't do nothing.

Q.   Okay.

A.   Yeah.

Q.   So does Shealey give him that gun?

A.   Yes, sir.

Q.   Does Burgess have his gun out already?

A.   Yes, sir.

Q.   Okay. And did Burgess say he shot the woman?

A.   Yes, he did.

Q.   Did he say anything happened, he just shot her?

A.   Well, Shealey, he said that Shealey, he said that, you know, he
     looked at him as to say, like, what are you waiting for, and-

Q.   So it was-

A.   -- put him under the gun.

Q.   So there was some time period?

A.   Right. Put him under the gun, and he shot her.

Q.   It wasn't like a pow, pow. It was a pow, hey, let's talk about
     this. I really don't want to do this?

A.   I know he didn't want to do it.

Q.   You know Burgess didn't want to do it?

                                 47
A.   He's soft and he was put under the gun and he did it.

Q.   He's soft?

A.   Yeah, he's soft.

Q.   You know that?

A.   I know that for a fact.

Q.   These two people who were standing are now dead?
A.   Right.
     (T.T., Volume XIII, Pages 151-156).

ISAIAH PAILLETT BY MS. POPOVICH

Q.   Now, you and Mr. Farrell spent some time talking about the,
     let's go back to when Shealey took his mask off?

A.   Right.

Q.   And Burgess told you that Shealey looked at him like it's your
     tum?

A.   Right.

Q.   Did he tell you why it was his tum?

A.   Because Shealey had did what he did, had to do, and you
     know, he was just basically waiting on him.

Q.   And did Burgess tell you basically how they got into that
     situation?

A.   Money that, with the lady?

Q.   Yeah.

                                  48
       A.     To buy some drugs. Nay-Nay had introduced the two, said she
              was from Texas, and she could make something happen for
              him.
              (T.T., Volume XIII, Pages 167, 168).

In reviewing all of the evidence presented, although the co-defendant, Shealey,

was an active participant in the drug transaction and the murders, Burgess was

clearly the leader. Burgess initially discussed with Demetria obtaining marijuana

from Texas; permitted Demetria to utilize his computer to purchase the airline

tickets; provided the funds to Demetria to purchase the marijuana; and maintained

constant contact with Demetria while she was in Texas. Upon learning that a

package had been delivered to Demetria's home, Burgess immediately departed

from Baltimore with Shealey after telling his girlfriend, Smothers, "Babe, I got to

go cause they ring up my money" (T.T., Volume XV, Pages 134-135). Burgess

returned to Pittsburgh together with Shealey. Later that night, Burgess and Shealey

drove to Beaver Falls and committed the homicides.       As Paillett indicated, the

situation with Demetria was the defendant's problem. Burgess and Shealey were

friends.    There was no evidence to indicate that Burgess feared Shealey, was

controlled by him or was threatened in any way by Shealey. In addition, when

questioned by Paillett at the Northeastern Ohio Correctional Facility about being

scared, Burgess denied being afraid at the time of the shootings. There was no

evidence demonstrating that Burgess was coerced by Shealey to shoot Demetria.
                                        49
Under these circumstances, the court determined that the evidence did not support

an instruction on duress (T.T., Volume XIII, Pages 126-127).

           ALLEGED ERROR IN REFUSING TO ALLOW
      WRITTEN JURY INSTRUCTIONS ON ALLEGED DEFENSES

      The defendant claims error on the part of the trial court for denying his

request to provide the jury with written instructions on alleged defenses.

      Prior to charging the jury, the trial court advised counsel in chambers that

due to the large number of charges contained in the information, the court intended

to furnish each juror with a copy of the written instructions for each offense, to

which both parties agreed.        The defendant further requested that written

instructions regarding the (1) defendant's statements, (2) credibility of witnesses

and (3) corrupt and polluted source be given to the jurors, as they constituted

defenses. The Commonwealth objected arguing that the above instructions were

not defenses. Upon review of the language of Rule 646 (B)(l), the court denied

the defendant's request on the basis that the instructions requested were evidentiary

in nature and not defenses.

      Rule 646 (B)( 1) governing· material permitted in the possession of the jury,

provides as follows:

      (B) The trial judge may permit the members of the jury to have for
         use during deliberations written copies of the portion of the judge's
                                         50
          charge on the elements of the offenses, lesser included offenses,
          and any defense upon which the jury has been instructed.

             ( 1) If the judge permits the jury to have written copies
                of the portion of the judge's charge on the elements of
                the offenses, lesser included offenses, and any defense
                upon which the jury has been instructed, the judge
                shall provide that portion of the charge in its entirety.

The court charged the jury on the manner in which to treat the defendant's

statements, the general credibility of witnesses and specifically the corrupt and

polluted source instruction but did not provide the jury with written instructions as

to these evidentiary matters.    Other than stating that the court's action was

reversible error, the defendant has cited no authority for his position that the items

he requested to be provided to the jury in writing constituted recognized defenses

and the court has found none. The defendant's claim is therefore without merit.

                                           BY THE COURT

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