Court Opinion

ID: 2924563
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-11 21:03:25.645826+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:39:06.318548
License: Public Domain

NUMBER 13-05-00064-CV

                                  COURT OF APPEALS

                      THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                         CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

DONALD STREICH,                                                                              Appellant,

                                                     v.

JOSEPH DOUGHERTY, M.D.,                                                                       Appellee.

  On Appeal from the 197th District Court of Cameron County, Texas.

               MEMORANDUM OPINION ON REHEARING

 Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Benavides1
    Memorandum Opinion on Rehearing by Chief Justice Valdez

        Appellee, Joseph Dougherty, M.D., has filed a motion for rehearing en banc. We

construe this motion as requesting both further rehearing and en banc reconsideration.

See TEX . R. APP. P. 49.7 (en banc reconsideration); Brookshire Bros., Inc. v. Smith, 176
S.W.3d 30, 39 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, pet. denied) (op. on reh’g), cert.

        1
         The Honorable Errlinda Castillo, who was originally assigned to this panel but whose term of office
expired on Decem ber 31, 2006, did not participate in this opinion. She was replaced on panel by Justice Gina
Benavides pursuant to the appellate rules. See T EX . R. A PP . P. 41.1(a).
denied, Smith v. Brookshire Bros., Inc., 127 S. Ct. 256, 166 L. Ed. 2d 150, 2006 U.S.

LEXIS 7210, *1 (Oct. 2, 2006). After due consideration of appellee’s arguments, we grant

appellee’s motion for rehearing and dismiss as moot appellee’s motion for rehearing en

banc. We withdraw our previous memorandum opinion and judgment, and issue the

following memorandum opinion and judgment in their stead.

        Appellant, Donald Streich, appeals from the trial court's order granting summary

judgment in favor of appellee, Joseph Dougherty, M.D., on a medical malpractice suit.2 In

the sole issue presented, appellant claims the trial court erred in granting summary

judgment. We affirm the judgment.

                                             I. Background

        Appellant was diagnosed with congestive heart failure and end-stage renal disease.

Appellant was admitted to Valley Baptist Medical Center and, on November 3, 1999, Dr.

Ruben Lopez inserted a Schon catheter into appellant’s internal jugular vein for the

purposes of beginning dialysis. Appellant began dialysis under the care of Dr. Dougherty,

a nephrologist. Appellant was discharged from Valley Baptist on November 5, 1999.

        On November 6, 1999, appellant was again admitted to Valley Baptist complaining

of fever and chills. On November 8, 1999, a lab report showed that a blood culture taken

from the catheter site and drainage of the dialysis catheter was positive for staphylococcus

aureus. On November 12, 1999, Lopez removed the Schon catheter and inserted a left

Quinton catheter. On November 14, 1999, appellant told Dr. Dougherty that he was

experiencing low back pain. On November 16, 1999, Dr. Dougherty discharged appellant

        2
         Other aspects of this case have previously been addressed by this Court in Streich v. Pallares, No.
13-02-698-CV, 2005 Tex. App. LEXIS 5224 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2005, no pet.), and Streich v. Lopez,
No. 13-02-074-CV, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 7703 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi Aug. 26, 2004, no pet.).

                                                     2
with orders to continue outpatient dialysis. Appellant continued to experience back pain.

        On November 29, 1999, Dr. Jerry Palleres performed a CT scan of appellant’s

lumbar spine and concluded that appellant had an atypical compression fracture. On

January 8, 2000, Dr. Dougherty told appellant that he had a hairline crack in one of the

vertebrae of his tail bone and that his pain would improve gradually. Appellant continued

to experience back pain, and on February 5, 2000, Dr. Dougherty referred him to a pain

center and requested that nerve conduction studies be performed.

        Appellant’s back pain continued, and he developed pain in his hips and discomfort

and numbness in his legs. Appellant further developed weakness of the lower extremities

such that he could not walk.     Appellant continued to keep his physicians informed

regarding his symptomology.

        Dr. Dougherty saw appellant on February 27, 2000, and admitted him to Valley

Baptist the following day for observation. Dr. Dougherty referred appellant to Dr. Gale

Downey, a neurologist, for a consultation regarding appellant’s leg pain. On February 29,

2000, Downey performed an MRI of appellant’s lower spine. The MRI revealed an epidural

mass.    On March 1, 2000, Dr. Dougherty referred appellant to Dr. Brent Clyde, a

neurosurgeon, who found a lytic lesion at the L4 vertebrae. Clyde recommended surgery.

        On March 2, 2000, Dr. Eric Six, a neurosurgeon, performed surgery on the lesion

and discovered a large volume of pus, which had developed over time, primarily at the L3

and L4 vertebrae.      Cultures taken on March 2, 2000 showed the presence of

staphylococcus aureus. Appellant was later informed that this infection was the result of

                                            3
the earlier surgery to insert his catheter.3

        On February 27, 2002, appellant sent an article 4590(i) notice letter to Dr. Dougherty

and other medical providers informing them that a health care liability claim was under

consideration. According to the notice, the claim against Dr. Dougherty and others was a

result of negligence in the operative and post-operative care provided to appellant for a

surgery performed on November 3, 1999, resulting in infection and an epidural abscess.

Appellant subsequently filed suit on April 9, 2002.

                                  II. Motion for Summary Judgment

        Dr. Dougherty’s motion for summary judgment was premised both on traditional and

no evidence grounds. In his traditional motion, Dr. Dougherty moved for full or partial

summary judgment on grounds that the statute of limitations barred all of appellant’s

causes of action or, in the alternative, barred any alleged negligence that occurred prior

to February 27, 2000. In his no evidence motion for summary judgment, Dr. Dougherty

argued that appellant had no evidence of duty, breach of duty, or proximate causation.

        The trial court’s order granting summary judgment does not specify the basis for its

ruling. Because Dr. Dougherty moved for summary judgment on both traditional and no

evidence grounds and the trial court did not specify which it granted, we can uphold the

summary judgment on either ground. See Bruce v. K.K.B., Inc., 52 S.W.3d 250, 254 (Tex.

App.–Corpus Christi 2001, pet. denied); see also FNFS, Ltd. v. Sec. State Bank & Trust,

63 S.W.3d 546, 548 (Tex. App.–Austin 2001, pet. denied).

        When a party moves for summary judgment under both rules 166a(c) and 166a(i)

        3
           Appellant’s claim s against Dr. Dougherty do not involve allegations regarding the surgery or the
causation of the infection. Instead, appellant’s claim s against Dr. Dougherty involve his post-surgical course
of treatm ent.

                                                      4
of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, we will first review the trial court's judgment under

the standards of rule 166a(i). Ford Motor Co. v. Ridgway, 135 S.W.3d 598, 600 (Tex.

2004); see TEX . R. CIV. P. 166a(c), (I). If the appellant fails to produce more than a scintilla

of evidence under that burden, then there is no need to analyze whether appellee's

summary judgment proof satisfies the less stringent rule 166a(c) burden. Id.

                      III. No Evidence Motion for Summary Judgment

       A no evidence motion for summary judgment is essentially a pretrial motion for

directed verdict, and the appellate court will apply the same standard of review. Zapata

v. Children's Clinic, 997 S.W.2d 745, 747 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 1999, pet. denied);

Moore v. K Mart Corp., 981 S.W.2d 266, 269 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 1998, pet. denied).

We "examine the entire record in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, indulging

every reasonable inference and resolving any doubts against the motion." City of Keller

v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 823 (Tex. 2005); see Whalen v. Condo Consulting & Mgmt.

Servs., Inc., 13 S.W.3d 444, 446 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2000, pet. denied). The

nonmovant need not "marshal its proof," rather, it "need only point out evidence that raises

a fact issue on the challenged elements." TEX . R. CIV. P. 166a(i) cmt. When a motion for

summary judgment is based on no evidence grounds, the Texas Supreme Court has

ordered that:

       1.       the no-evidence motion can only be brought against "a claim or
                defense on which an adverse party would have the burden of proof at
                trial;"

       2.       "the motion must state the elements as to which there is no
                evidence;"

       3.       "the motion must be specific in challenging the evidentiary support for an
                element of a claim;" and

                                               5
        4.         "paragraph (i) does not authorize conclusory motions or general no-evidence
                   challenges to an opponent's case."

TEX . R. CIV. P. 166a(i), 166a(i) cmt.; see Oasis Oil Corp. v. Koch Ref. Co., 60 S.W.3d 248,

250 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2001, pet. denied).

        "The trial court may not grant a no-evidence summary judgment if the respondent

brings forth more than a scintilla of probative evidence to raise a genuine issue of material

fact." Oasis Oil Corp., 60 S.W.3d at 250; Zapata, 997 S.W.2d at 747. Evidence that is "so

weak as to do no more than create a mere surmise or suspicion" of a fact is legally

insufficient and constitutes no evidence. Moore, 981 S.W.2d at 269 (quoting Kindred v.

Con/Chem, Inc., 650 S.W.2d 61, 63 (Tex. 1983)). More than a scintilla of evidence exists

when the evidence "rises to a level that would enable reasonable and fair-minded people

to differ in their conclusions." Merrell Dow Pharm., Inc v. Havner, 953 S.W.2d 706, 711

(Tex. 1997); Zapata, 997 S.W.2d at 747.

        In his no evidence motion for summary judgment, Dr. Dougherty alleged that

appellant had no evidence of duty, breach of duty, and proximate causation as required

in a medical negligence cause of action. According to the no evidence motion, the

deadline for appellant’s designation of experts had passed and appellant had failed to

designate experts to testify that Dr. Dougherty’s care and treatment of appellant after

February 27, 2000 deviated from the standard of care. In response to the motion for

summary judgment, appellant produced the deposition testimony of his expert witness, Dr.

Allen I. Arieff.

        On appeal, Dr. Dougherty contends that appellant did not offer even a scintilla of

evidence that Dr. Dougherty was negligent in his treatment of appellant after February 27,

2000. According to Dr. Dougherty, appellant focuses only on the care rendered by Dr.

                                                 6
Dougherty between November 3, 1999, and February 24, 2000, all of which was barred by

the applicable statute of limitations.

       The elements that must be proven for a medical malpractice action are: (1) a

physician's duty to act according to a certain standard; (2) a breach of the applicable

standard of care; (3) an injury; and (4) a causal connection between the breach of care and

the injury. Krishnan v. Ramirez, 42 S.W.3d 205, 212 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2001, pet.

denied); Smith v. Mossbacker, 94 S.W.3d 292, 294 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2002, no

pet.); Schorlemer v. Reyes, 974 S.W.2d 141, 147 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 1998, pet.

denied).

       Duty in a medical malpractice case is triggered by the existence of a

physician-patient relationship. St. John v. Pope, 901 S.W.2d 420, 423 (Tex. 1995). A

physician-patient relationship comes into being only upon a physician's express or implied

consent. See id. Where no prior relationship exists, the doctor must take some affirmative

step to treat the patient before a relationship can be established. See Ortiz v. Shah, 905
S.W.2d 609, 611 (Tex. App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 1995, writ denied); Lopez v. Aziz, 852
S.W.2d 303, 306 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 1993, no writ). "The duty to treat the patient with

proper professional skill flows from the consensual relationship between the patient and

physician, and only when that relationship exists can there be a breach of a duty resulting

in medical malpractice." St. John, 901 S.W.2d at 423; see Ramirez v. Carreras, 10 S.W.3d
757, 761 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2000, pet. denied). Once such a relationship exists,

however, the physician then owes the patient a duty to treat him or her with the skills of a

trained, competent professional, and a breach of that duty may give rise to a malpractice

action. Reynosa v. Huff, 21 S.W.3d 510, 513 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 2000, no pet.).

                                             7
       The threshold question in a medical malpractice case is the standard of care. Jones

v. Miller, 966 S.W.2d 851, 854 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, no pet.). The

applicable standard must be established so the fact finder can decide if the defendant

deviated from it. Id. To raise a fact issue sufficient to defeat summary judgment, the

plaintiff's controverting expert should specifically identify the standard of care, establish the

expert's familiarity with that standard, and explain why the treatment rendered by the

defendant health-care provider breached the applicable standard. Hightower v. Saxton,

54 S.W.3d 380, 389 (Tex. App.–Waco 2001, no pet.); Keeton v. Carrasco, 53 S.W.3d 13,

25 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 2001, pet. denied).

       In order to be a proximate cause, the negligence must have been a substantial

factor in bringing about the harm and without which, the harm would not have occurred.

Columbia Med. Ctr. of Las Colinas v. Bush ex rel. Bush, 122 S.W.3d 835, 852 (Tex.

App.–Fort Worth 2003, pet. denied); Sisters of St. Joseph of Tex., Inc. v. Cheek, 61
S.W.3d 32, 35 (Tex. App.–Amarillo 2001, pet. denied). To establish proximate cause, a

plaintiff must prove both cause-in-fact and foreseeability. Duff v. Yelin, 751 S.W.2d 175,

176 (Tex. 1988). Cause-in-fact requires a causal connection between the injuries suffered

and the negligence of appellants based upon "reasonable medical probability," not mere

conjecture, speculation, or possibility. See Park Place Hosp. v. Estate of Milo, 909 S.W.2d
508, 511 (Tex. 1995). For an injury to be foreseeable, "a person of ordinary intelligence

should have anticipated the danger created by a negligent act or omission." Doe v. Boys

Clubs of Greater Dallas, Inc., 907 S.W.2d 472, 478 (Tex. 1995).

       In the instant case, the medical records and deposition testimony clearly indicate

that Dr. Dougherty and appellant had a physician-patient relationship and that Dr.

                                               8
Dougherty provided appellant a course of treatment from November of 1999 through

August of 2000. Accordingly, Dr. Dougherty owed appellant a duty to treat him with the

skills of a trained, competent professional. Reynosa, 21 S.W.3d at 513.

       Dr. Arieff testified regarding the applicable standard of care.         His testimony

established his familiarity with that standard, and he explained why the treatment rendered

by Dr. Dougherty breached the applicable standard. Hightower, 54 S.W.3d at 389; Keeton,
53 S.W.3d at 25. In short, Arieff testified that Dr. Dougherty did not provide adequate post-

surgical treatment of appellant’s condition and that an adequate post-surgical course of

treatment would have remedied appellant’s infection associated with the insertion of his

catheter. Dr. Arieff specifically detailed the symptomology that appellant suffered and the

protocols that could have identified the infection. He offered evidence that a reasonably

careful nephrologist would have investigated appellant’s progressive neurological disability

by ordering neuroimaging studies, requesting a gallium scan or an indium scan, or

consulting a neurosurgeon or neurologist. Dr. Arieff further testified that Dr. Dougherty’s

failure to properly treat and diagnose the infection resulted in appellant’s multiple surgeries

and disability.

       We conclude that appellant produced evidence raising a fact issue on the elements

of duty, breach of duty, and proximate cause. See TEX . R. CIV. P. 166a(i). Accordingly,

the trial court could not properly have granted the no evidence motion for summary

judgment on these grounds.

       On appeal, Dr. Dougherty contends that the record contains no evidence that he

was negligent in his care subsequent to February 27, 2000, or that any such negligence

proximately caused appellant’s damages. To obtain no-evidence summary judgment on

                                              9
a claim, appellee was required to “state the elements as to which there is no evidence.”

See TEX . R. CIV. P. 166a(i) & cmt. In addition, the district court could not grant summary

judgment on grounds not expressly raised in appellee’s summary judgment motion. See,

e.g., Johnson v. Brewer & Pritchard, P.C., 73 S.W.3d 193, 204 (Tex. 2002); Chessher v.

Southwestern Bell Tel. Co., 658 S.W.2d 563, 564 (Tex. 1983); Trilogy Software, Inc. v.

Callidus Software, Inc., 143 S.W.3d 452, 469 n.15 (Tex. App.–Austin 2004, pet. filed).

Appellant would have had no obligation to present evidence regarding claims not

specifically challenged. See McConnell v. Southside Indep. Sch. Dist., 858 S.W.2d 337,

342 (Tex. 1993).

      Appellee’s motion for summary judgment based on no evidence concerned the

elements of duty, breach of that duty, and proximate causation.         Appellee’s claims

regarding the statute of limitations were not raised in his no evidence motion for summary

judgment, but were instead argued in his traditional motion for summary judgment.

Accordingly, the trial court could not have properly granted the no evidence summary

judgment on the basis of limitations. See id.

                     III. Traditional Motion for Summary Judgment

      We review the trial court's granting of a traditional motion for summary judgment de

novo. See Natividad v. Alexsis, Inc., 875 S.W.2d 695, 699 (Tex. 1994); Alejandro v. Bell,

84 S.W.3d 383, 390 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.). To prevail on a summary

judgment motion, a moving party must establish that no genuine issue of material fact

exists and judgment should be granted as a matter of law. Shah v. Moss, 67 S.W.3d 836,

842 (Tex. 2001). In deciding whether there is a genuine issue of material fact, we resolve

any doubt against the movant, and view the evidence in a light most favorable to the

                                            10
nonmovant. Id.

       A defendant moving for summary judgment on the affirmative defense of a tolled

limitation statute has the burden of conclusively establishing that defense. KPMG Peat

Marwick v. Harrison County Hous. Fin. Corp., 988 S.W.2d 746, 748 (Tex. 1999). A

defendant must (1) conclusively prove when the action accrued, and (2) negate the

discovery rule if it applies and has been pleaded or raised. Id. If the movant establishes

that the statute of limitations bars the action, the nonmovant must then offer proof raising

a fact issue to avoid summary judgment. Id.

       In this case, Dr. Dougherty moved for full or partial summary judgment on all of

appellant’s causes of action or, in the alternative, for any alleged negligence that occurred

prior to February 27, 2000. In his motion for summary judgment, appellee contends that

appellant’s causes of action are barred by limitations because the treatment complained

of occurred between November 3, 1999, and February 27, 2000, more than two years

before suit. According to appellee, all allegations of negligence which occurred prior to

February 27, 2000, were barred by the statute of limitations. Dr. Dougherty further

contends that appellant failed to present any summary judgment evidence that appellee

was negligent after February 27, 2000, or that such post February 27, 2000, negligence

proximately caused appellant’s alleged damages.

       Because this case was originally filed before September 1, 2003, former article

4590i, section 10.01 of the Texas Revised Civil Statutes governs this case. Act of May 30,

1977, 65th Leg., R.S., ch. 817, § 1.01-12.01, 1977 Tex. Gen. Laws 2039-2053 (as

amended) (henceforth "Former TEX . REV. CIV. STAT . art. 4590i"), repealed by Act of June

2, 2003, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 204, § 10.09, 2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 847, 884 (current version

                                             11
at TEX . CIV. PRAC . & REM . CODE ANN . § 74.001 et seq. (Vernon Supp. 2006)). Former

article 4590i, section 10.01, in pertinent part, provides:

       Notwithstanding any other law, no health care liability claim may be
       commenced unless the action is filed within two years from the occurrence
       of the breach or tort or from the date the medical or health care treatment
       that is the subject of the claim or the hospitalization for which the claim is
       made is completed . . . .

Former TEX . REV. CIV. STAT . art. 4590i, § 10.01.

       The former statute created a two-year limitations period in which to bring suit on

health care liability claims. See id.; Kimball v. Brothers, 741 S.W.2d 370, 372 (Tex. 1987).

Under the statute, commencement of limitations begins on one of three dates: (1) the

occurrence of the breach or tort; (2) the date the medical or health care treatment that is

the subject of the claim is completed; or (3) the date the hospitalization for which the claim

is made is completed. See Former TEX . REV. CIV. STAT . ANN . art. 4590i, § 10.01; Shah v.

Moss, 67 S.W.3d 836, 841 (Tex. 2001); Kimball v. Brothers, 741 S.W.2d 370, 372 (1987).

       A plaintiff may not simply choose the most favorable date that falls within this

provision, rather, if the specific date of the alleged tort is ascertainable, the limitations

period commences upon that date. Shah, 67 S.W.3d at 841; Earle v. Ratliff, 998 S.W.2d
882, 886 (Tex. 1999). In other words, if the date of the occurrence of the breach or tort is

ascertainable, then an inquiry into the second and third categories is unnecessary. Shah,
67 S.W.3d at 841. If the date is not ascertainable, the plaintiff must establish a course of

treatment for the alleged injury in which the last treatment date becomes relevant to

determining when limitations begins. Id. In such a case, the commencement of the

limitation period occurs on the last date appellee treated appellant and had a chance to

perform his alleged duties. See id. at 843. However, if the date of the alleged tort is

                                             12
ascertainable, limitations begin to run on that date whether or not the plaintiff established

a course of treatment. Id. at 841. When a physician fails to diagnose a condition, the

continuing nature of the diagnosis does not extend the tort for limitations purposes.

Rowntree v. Hunsucker, 833 S.W.2d 103, 108 (Tex. 1992). While the failure to treat a

condition may well be negligent, the failure to establish a course of treatment does not

constitute a course of treatment. Id. at 105-06.

       By virtue of section 4.01 of the former act, a person could extend the two-year

limitations period for seventy-five days by giving notice of a claim under the Act.

See Former TEX . REV. CIV. STAT . ANN . art. 4590i, § 4.01; De Checa v. Diagnostic Ctr.

Hospital, Inc., 852 S.W.2d 935, 937-38 (Tex. 1993) (notice given in accordance with

section 4.01(a) tolls the applicable statute of limitations for seventy-five days, effectively

creating a two-year-and-seventy-five-day statute of limitations); Theroux v. Vick, 163
S.W.3d 111, 114-15 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 2005, pet. denied). Generally, a suit may not

be filed outside this extended limitations period. De Checa, 852 S.W.2d at 938. Moreover,

notice under former section 4.01 could not toll a limitations period that had already

elapsed. Id. at 938 n.4.

       According to Dr. Dougherty’s brief:

       Appellee firmly and conclusively established that, since Appellant’s notice
       letter was sent on February 27, 2002 and no suit was filed prior to February
       27, 2002, all alleged negligence occurring on or before February 27, 2000 is
       absolutely barred by the two year statute of limitations pursuant to § 10.01
       of the Texas Medical Liability and Insurance Improvement Act.

Dr. Dougherty appears to be contending that the date appellant sent his notice letter has

some impact on the accrual of appellant’s cause of action. We do not agree. The notice

letter does not establish the accrual date of the cause of action for limitations purposes;

                                             13
rather, its purpose is to toll limitations once the cause of action has accrued. Likewise,

suits based on the conclusion of a course of medical or health care treatment are based

on the course of treatment and not the completion of treatment. As stated previously,

limitations begin to run on: (1) the occurrence of the breach or tort; (2) the date the

medical or health care treatment that is the subject of the claim is completed; or (3) the

date the hospitalization for which the claim is made is completed. See Former TEX . REV.

CIV. STAT . ANN . art. 4590i, § 10.01; Shah, 67 S.W.3d at 841.

       According to the summary judgment evidence, appellant was examined by Dr.

Dougherty over the course of multiple occasions spanning from November of 1999 until

the infection was finally diagnosed on March 2, 2000. Appellant contends that appellee's

alleged negligent failure to diagnose and treat the infection allegedly occurred over the

span of those dates. According to appellant, while individual dates of examination and

treatment are readily ascertainable, as they are in all course of treatment cases, the failure

occurred over the whole course of treatment and no single date for the failure can be

ascertained.

       We must disagree. In this case, the dates of the alleged negligence are readily

ascertainable. Husain v. Khatib, 964 S.W.2d 918, 919-20 (Tex. 1998). It is therefore

immaterial whether appellant established a course of treatment or whether the tort is

characterized as a failure to diagnose the infection or as an improper course of treatment

based on a misdiagnosis of the infection as a compression fracture. Id.

       Appellant’s complaint is that appellee was negligent in not taking actions, such as

conducting more tests, including an MRI of the spinal column or gallium or indium scans

to localize the site of the abscess, obtaining a blood culture, and ordering bone scans, that

                                             14
would have led to earlier discovery of the infection. Those events, or omissions, occurred

on specific ascertainable dates when appellee saw appellant.           That is, the alleged

negligence could only have occurred on the dates that appellee treated appellant before

he was properly diagnosed. See Bala v. Maxwell, 909 S.W.2d 889, 892 (Tex. 1995)

(concluding that doctor could have breached the duty to perform additional tests only when

he examined patient); Rowntree, 833 S.W.2d at 108 (holding that doctor could have

breached duty to perform proper examinations only on those occasions when he had

opportunity to perform such examinations); Rogers v. United Reg'l Health Care Sys., 109
S.W.3d 47, 51 (Tex. App.–Fort Worth 2003, no pet.); Karley v. Bell, 24 S.W.3d 516, 520

(Tex. App.–Fort Worth 2000, pet. denied).

       On February, 27, 2000, appellee saw appellant and admitted him to the hospital the

following day for the examinations and testing that detected the infection. Appellee did

exactly what appellant contends he should have done previously.             Therefore, any

negligence could only have occurred at the latest at the last examination prior to this date.

Husain, 964 S.W.2d at 920; see Bala, 909 S.W.2d at 891-92; Gilbert v. Bartel, 144 S.W.3d
136, 142 (Tex. App.–Fort Worth 2004, pet. denied).

       The record contains no allegations or evidence that the appellee was negligent in

his treatment of appellant after he was properly diagnosed with the infection. Therefore,

appellant is not entitled to use the last date of the relevant course of treatment as the

beginning date for the statute of limitations. See Bala, 909 S.W.2d at 892; Rowntree, 833
S.W.2d at 108; Karley, 24 S.W.3d at 520-21.

       Because the last date on which appellee could have been negligent was prior to

February 27, 2000, and appellant did not file this action until April 9, 2002, the two-year

                                             15
statute of limitations bars his claim. See TEX . REV. CIV. STAT . ANN . art. 4590i, § 10.01.

Because appellant filed his claim after the statute of limitations had already expired, he is

not entitled to use the tolling provision in section 4.01(c), which tolls the statute of

limitations for seventy-five days if the plaintiff provides notice of the claim to the health care

provider at least sixty days before filing suit. See id. § 4.01(a); De Checa, 852 S.W.2d at

938 n.4 (stating that notice cannot toll a limitations period that has already elapsed).

Therefore, we conclude that summary judgment was properly granted on the issue of

limitations. Appellant’s sole issue is overruled.

                                        V. Conclusion

       We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                                            _______________________
                                                            ROGELIO VALDEZ,
                                                            Chief Justice

Memorandum Opinion on Rehearing delivered
and filed this the 11th day of December, 2008.

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