Court Opinion

ID: 9957922
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-05 17:01:01.146721+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:16:40.306075
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                                APR 5 2024
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                             U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DRAGOS GAVRILESCU; MELITA                        No. 23-55036
DINGAL PLUMB,
                                                 D.C. No. 8:21-cv-01965-CJC-DFM
              Plaintiffs-Appellants,

 v.                                              MEMORANDUM*

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND
SECURITY; et al.,

              Defendants-Appellees.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                    Cormac J. Carney, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted February 13, 2024
                              Pasadena, California

Before: W. FLETCHER, NGUYEN, and LEE, Circuit Judges.
Concurrence by Judge LEE.

      Melita Dingal Plumb (“Plumb”) is a U.S. citizen. Her spouse, Dragos

Gavrilescu (“Gavrilescu”), is a foreign national and a citizen of Romania. Plumb

filed an I-130 Petition for Alien Relative (“I-130 petition”) on behalf of

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Gavrilescu with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services

(“USCIS”). USCIS denied the petition on the ground that Gavrilescu had

previously entered into a fraudulent marriage with another United States citizen for

the purpose of obtaining immigration benefits. See 8 U.S.C. § 1154(c). The Board

of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) dismissed the appeal of USCIS’s decision.

Plumb and Gavrilescu filed this action in federal district court, alleging that the

agency violated the Due Process Clause and the Administrative Procedure Act.

The district court denied relief, and Plumb and Gavrilescu appealed.

       There are two issues presented in this appeal. First, did the agency deny

due process in failing to allow cross-examination of the ex-spouse whose evidence

was relied upon by the agency in determining that the marriage was fraudulent?

See Ching v. Mayorkas, 725 F.3d 1149 (9th Cir. 2013). Second, was the agency’s

finding of fraud arbitrary and capricious? We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §

1291. We affirm.

      The parties are familiar with the facts in this case, and we recount them only

as necessary to explain our decision.

      1. We grant the unopposed motion to file supplemental excerpts of record

under seal.

                                           2
       We also grant the motion for judicial notice of the certified administrative

record in Ching v. Mayorkas, insofar as that record establishes that a request for

cross-examination was not expressly mentioned in the record. A court may take

judicial notice of “matters of public record.” Mack v. South Bay Beer Distrib., Inc.,

798 F.2d 1279, 1282 (9th Cir.1986); see also United States v. Wilson, 631 F.2d

118, 119 (9th Cir. 1980) (“[A] court may take judicial notice of its own records in

other cases. . . .”). However, there is nothing in that record establishing that the

applicants in Ching did not request cross-examination.

      2. We hold that Appellants cannot claim a due process violation under

Ching v. Mayorkas. 725 F.3d 1149 (9th Cir. 2013). Ching held that there is a due

process right to cross-examination of an adverse witness under certain specific

circumstances during the I-130 petition process. Id. at 1159. However, Appellants

never requested that the agency provide an opportunity for cross-examination.

      While we agree with the district court that Appellants were required to

request cross-examination, the agency appears to have done nothing to implement

our holding in Ching. So far as the record before us shows, the agency neither

informs applicants of their right under Ching nor provides a mechanism for a

Ching hearing. Neither party before us could name a single time when a Ching

hearing has ever been conducted in the decade since the decision. Though

                                           3
applicants ultimately have the burden to request a Ching hearing, we fault the

agency for failing to inform applicants of their right under Ching and to provide a

mechanism to implement that right.

      3. The agency may deny an I-130 petition under 8 C.F.R. § 204.2(a)(1)(ii)

when there is “substantial and probative” evidence of marriage fraud. On review

of the agency decision in this case, “the appellate court must examine whether

there was ‘substantial evidence’ to support the finding.” Zerezghi v. USCIS, 955

F.3d 802, 814 n.6 (9th Cir. 2020). We hold that substantial evidence in the record

supports the agency’s finding.

AFFIRMED.

                                          4
                                                                        FILED
Gavrilescu v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, No. 23-55036         APR 5 2024
                                                                     MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
LEE, Circuit Judge, concurring in judgment.                           U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

      I write separately because I do not think the due process right to cross-

examination discussed in Ching v. Mayorkas, 725 F.3d 1149 (9th Cir. 2013)

applies here. Our court inferred such a right in Ching for an I-130 proceeding

because the agency had credited—without an opportunity for cross-examination—

the ex-spouse’s testimony, despite “contradictory documents and affidavits”

provided by the petitioner.    Id. at 1156.    Dragos Gavrilescu provided some

evidence that arguably supported his claim of a bona fide marriage but such

evidence did not necessarily contradict his ex-wife’s assertion of a sham marriage.

I thus believe that the right to cross-examine for an I-130 proceeding applies only

if the petitioner presents evidence that directly and materially contradicts the ex-

spouse’s testimony.