Court Opinion

ID: 9575295
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-21 21:12:48.444805+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:48:07.397522
License: Public Domain

Beasley, Judge,
dissenting.
The Georgia Department of Human Resources seeks reimbursement from Johnson, a non-custodial parent, of AFDC benefits paid on behalf of her child. The trial court denied the Department’s petition, which also included a request to establish future support payments to be made by Johnson. The Department appeals.
Johnson asserts that this appeal must be dismissed because the Department failed to file an application for appeal as required under OCGA § 5-6-35 (a) (2).
OCGA § 5-6-35 (a) (2), as amended in 1984, mandates that applications for appeal be filed in all “[a]ppeals from judgments or orders in divorce, alimony, child custody, and other domestic relations cases including, but not limited to, granting or refusing a divorce or temporary or permanent alimony, awarding or refusing to change child custody, or holding or declining to hold persons in contempt of such alimony or child custody judgment or orders.” (Emphasis supplied.) This provision became effective on July 1, 1984. Ga. L. 1984, p. 599, § 2. Thus, it was in effect on September 28, 1984, the date the present appeal was filed.
The question raised is whether an appeal of a case involving a non-custodial parent’s obligation to reimburse the state for AFDC benefits paid for the child’s support falls within the scope of OCGA § 5- 6-35 (a) (2).
In Evans v. Davey, 154 Ga. App. 269 (267 SE2d 875) (1980), we concluded that under Code Ann. § 6-701.1 (a) (2) [OCGA § 5-6-35 (a) (2)] the category “child custody . . . cases” is different from, and in addition to, “divorce . . . cases” where child custody is a part of the divorce case. Thus, the categories are not just “divorce” and “alimony”; “child custody” is a separate category. In line with Evans, “other domestic relations cases” is yet a fourth category of OCGA § 5-6- 35 (a) (2), which encompasses cases other than divorce, alimony, and child custody.
“[T]he term ‘child custody, and other domestic relations cases’ is facially broad, and the language following that term, which states that it includes, but is not limited to, the enumerated classes of domestic relations judgments and orders, indicates that the General Assembly intended the term to be interpreted as broadly as it appears.” Leonard v. Benjamin, 253 Ga. 718, 719 (324 SE2d 185) (1985).
*613Cases involving the reimbursement of AFDC payments are in nature child support cases. See, e.g., Young v. Dept. of Human Resources, 148 Ga. App. 518 (251 SE2d 578) (1978). Indeed, these actions are authorized by the “Child Support” Recovery Act. OCGA § 19-11-5. In analyzing inclusion even under the pre-1984 provision, the Supreme Court looked at “the underlying subject matter,” what the dispute “arise[s] out of.” Bedford v. Bedford, 246 Ga. 780 (273 SE2d 167) (1980). Dept. of Human Resources v. Bagley, 240 Ga. 306 (240 SE2d 867) (1977) illustrates that the right to reimbursement may even come up in the context of a contempt proceeding to enforce a divorce decree.1
The term “domestic relations” in the statute is not limited to matters arising out of marriage since a child born out of wedlock can be the subject of a child custody case, Christian v. Gainer, 236 Ga. 376 (223 SE2d 797) (1976). Thus, although many AFDC efforts to regain payments will relate to illegitimate children, this would not take them out of the category “domestic relations.”
The language of Wigley v. Nance, 163 Ga. App. 185 (293 SE2d 369) (1982), implies that all “domestic relations cases” are subject to review only through discretionary appeal procedure. Therefore, I would conclude that “child support cases” fall within this broad “other domestic relations” category and that questions on such matters raised on appeal are “precisely those questions which the General Assembly intended ... to be reviewed by this court only upon application.” Camp v. Camp, 247 Ga. 533 (277 SE2d 55) (1981).
This court’s adoption of the opposite position, holding that OCGA § 5-6-35 (a) (6), and not § 5-6-35 (a) (2), is controlling, results in appeals of actions for reimbursement of AFDC benefits being either direct or discretionary. The issue of whether an appeal was properly direct or discretionary would be determined by looking to the amount of the judgment entered rather than at the nature of the case. Those involving judgment for the state of $2,500 or less could be appealed only upon application for discretionary review, whereas all other cases involving reimbursement of AFDC benefits will be directly appealable, regardless of amount or which party prevailed or what the underlying issues are. It would not appear that the legislature intended to make such a distinction in dealing with enforcement of the obligation of a parent to support his or her minor child. Often involved are issues of who has what responsibility for the child’s support and on what basis. The action is even brought in the name of the minor child. OCGA § 19-11-7 (a). Even if AFDC reimbursement cases *614are “actions for damages,” as that term is used in OCGA § 5-6-35 (a) (6), I would conclude that the appeal here is not governed by that section and dismiss this appeal for failure to file an application for appeal in compliance with OCGA § 5-6-35 (a) (2).
Decided June 18, 1985
Rehearing denied July 31, 1985
Michael J. Bowers, Attorney General, James P. Googe, Jr., Executive Assistant Attorney General, H. Perry Michael, First Assistant Attorney General, Carol A. Cosgrove, Mary Foil Russell, Senior Assistant Attorneys General, Krista J. Seckinger, Assistant District Attorney, for appellant.
Jon B. Wood, for appellee.

 It is noted that in State of Ga. v. McKenna, 253 Ga. 6, 9 (315 SE2d 885) (1984), the Supreme Court held in part that an action under URESA (The Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act) is not "merely a collection action.”