Court Opinion

ID: 4260521
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-04-04 05:11:32.363998+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:29:14.082799
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

                                                     )
Ray Wayne Lynch,                                     )   C.A. No. 12083-MG
                    Plaintiff,                       )
v.                                                   )
                                                     )
Frank Barba,                                         )
                    Defendant.                       )

                                 MASTER’S REPORT

                           Date Submitted: February 5, 2018
                           Draft Report: November 3 2017
                           Final Report: April 3, 2018

Ray Wayne Lynch, Pro Se

J. Jackson Shrum, Esquire, of Jack Shrum, P.A., Wilmington, Delaware: Attorney
(Withdrawn) for Plaintiff

David J. Ferry, Jr., Esquire; Timothy Ferry, Esquire; Thomas R. Riggs, Esquire, of
FERRY JOSEPH, P.A., Wilmington, Delaware; Attorneys for Defendant

GRIFFIN, Patricia

                                      Page 1 of 32
       The plaintiff, Ray Wayne Lynch (“Lynch”), filed this action claiming that the

defendant, Francis Barba (“Barba”), breached his fiduciary duty as the executor of the

estate of Ethel M. Lynch (“Estate”) and as the successor trustee of the Ethel M.

Lynch’s Revocable Trust (“Revocable Trust”) and of the Special Needs Trust

(“SNT”). Lynch asks this Court to remove Barba as the trustee of both trusts and

terminate the SNT, among other claims for relief. Barba filed a motion for summary

judgment on Lynch’s claims, requesting a determination that he has met his fiduciary

obligations and that the SNT be terminated and the remaining assets be paid to

Lynch. Because there are no material issues of fact in dispute, I recommend that the

Court grant Barba’s motion. This is a final report.

BACKGROUND

       On August 16, 2007, Ethel M. Lynch (“Ethel”) executed a will (“Will”) and

established two trusts, a Revocable Trust and a Special Needs Trust.1 The Will

provided that Ethel’s tangible personal property was bequeathed to her children who

survived her in equal shares, and the residue of her estate, including real and personal

property, would go into the Revocable Trust. 2 The Revocable Trust provided that,

after Ethel’s death, 50% of the principal in the Revocable Trust would be transferred

to the SNT established to benefit her son, Lynch, with the balance remaining in the

1
 I may use first names in pursuit of clarity, and intend no familiarity or disrespect.
2
 Def.’s Opening Br. in Supp. of Mot. for Summ. J., App. [hereinafter “Def. App.”] A-6 (Will of
Ethel M. Lynch), Art. III & Art. IV, at 2.

                                          Page 2 of 32
Revocable Trust to benefit her daughter, Rhonda Barba (“Rhonda”).3 Upon Rhonda’s

death, the Revocable Trust provided that the trust principal would be distributed as

Rhonda detailed in her will or other document, or to her surviving issue per stirpes if

Rhonda had not otherwise provided for this distribution. 4

       Ethel died on August 10, 2010 and, since Rhonda had predeceased Ethel,

Barba was named successor executor of the Estate and successor trustee of the trusts.

Problems in the relationship between Barba and Lynch, beneficiary of the Estate and

the SNT, are longstanding.         Shortly before Ethel’s death, Lynch sent a letter to

Ethel’s estate planning attorney indicating that Lynch and Barba did not have the

“best working relationship” and that Lynch was in an “uncomfortable” situation

because he felt Barba was acting “in the capacity of a son.” 5 From August 2010

through the present, Lynch has sent numerous letters included in the appendix to the

complaint to Barba and to Barba’s attorneys expressing concerns about the

administration of the Estate and the SNT.

       This litigation, similarly, has an extensive history. Lynch filed his 78 count

complaint on March 7, 2016, and Barba submitted his answer on April 25, 2016. The

complaint alleges that Barba has not acted in good faith as executor of the Estate or as

trustee of the SNT and of the Revocable Trust. Lynch claims Barba has not acted in

3
  Def. App. A-7 (Revocable Trust of Ethel M. Lynch), Art. VI, at 4-5.
4
  Id. at 5-6.
5
  Compl. App., Ltr. from Pl. Ray Lynch to Att’y Kevin O’Brien (July 26, 2010).

                                           Page 3 of 32
Lynch’s best interests; Barba sold real property assets for less than they were worth

and not in arms-length transactions; Barba refused to remove “Special Needs Trust”

from the title on the checks from the trust provided to Lynch; Barba denied Lynch the

ability to carry on the family business after Ethel’s death by turning off the business

phone, and did not give Lynch the business assets (Ethel’s laptop and cell phone);

Barba moved the tangible personal assets in the Estate from the family home and

stored them without Lynch’s approval, causing damage to those assets; Barba created

a “non-communicating” situation with Lynch, making it “[d]ifficult if not impossible

to discuss mutual needs and circumstances concerning the trust”, subjecting Lynch to

“five years of abuse, torment and disrespect”;6 he has not made quarterly payments to

Lynch from the SNT, and has denied payments for Lynch’s special needs; Barba has

“no incentive to give [Lynch] anything from [his] trust” since Barba’s sons are

contingent beneficiaries of SNT funds remaining at Lynch’s death; 7 Barba has

“misappropriated or totally omitted estate/trust assets” including a Pilgrim Life

Insurance policy, has engaged “high dollar attorneys,” and the cost of the accounting

services used by Barba is “highly suspect”;8 he has not provided Lynch with a

complete and understandable accounting of the trust or other information he

requested, and did not provide tax returns to Lynch until beginning in 2012; and

6
  Compl. ¶1 at 1.
7
  Compl. ¶55 at 9.
8
  Pl.’s Answer to Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J., at 12.

                                             Page 4 of 32
Barba hired an attorney with trust funds to be “used against” Lynch.9 Lynch demands

that Barba be removed as trustee and the SNT be terminated, and that Barba provide a

full and complete accounting of the trusts and pay all fees and damages caused by his

breach, including Lynch’s legal fees and expenses.

         The parties engaged in heavy motion practice in this case. Prior to May 2017,

Lynch filed two motions to compel, a motion to seek relief related to a discovery

matter, a motion for a temporary restraining order to prevent sale of trust property,

and two motions to extend the discovery deadlines.        All of these motions were

denied, except the discovery deadlines were extended.        Barba filed a motion to

compel Lynch to appear for the second half of his deposition and for attorney’s fees,

as well as a motion to amend his answer to revise the relief requested. Barba’s

motions were granted, and the Court ordered Lynch to pay $1,200 in attorney’s fees

related to the motion to compel.

         Barba filed a motion for summary judgment in May 2017 asking the Court to

dismiss Lynch’s complaint because there are no disputed material facts, determine

that Barba has met his fiduciary obligations as trustee and should not be removed as

trustee, find Lynch’s claims regarding personal property from the estate are time-

barred by 12 Del. C. § 2102 and laches, and authorize Barba to terminate the SNT

and distribute remaining assets, after payment of final counsel fees and costs, trustee

9
    Compl. ¶78 at 9.

                                        Page 5 of 32
commissions and other expenses to Lynch in satisfaction of Lynch’s claims against

Barba and the SNT. The parties briefed the motion and responded to my request for

additional information. My draft report on the motion was filed on November 3,

2017, and Lynch took exceptions to the draft version of this report. I have either

modified the body of this report to address the exceptions taken, or consider them

adequately addressed in this final report.

       Subsequent to the filing of the draft report, Lynch filed motions on a number of

matters, which were addressed in a telephonic hearing on December 4, 2017, and in a

final report issued on January 9, 2018 denying Lynch’s request for emergency funds

from the Trust.10

10
   One additional matter related to Lynch’s concerns about the public availability of information
contained in court documents that he viewed as personally sensitive. The Court treated his requests
about information in the November 3, 2017 draft report, the January 9, 2018 final report and related
documents he filed with the court, as requests for confidential treatment. The Court ordered that
Lynch submit proposed redacted versions of court documents he has filed that he believes qualify
for confidential treatment to the Court and his specific concerns regarding the January 9th final
report, and address his concerns regarding the November 3rd draft report in the briefing of his
exceptions. Lynch has not provided proposed redacted versions or specific concerns to the Court
separately or in his briefs in support of his exceptions. In a February 25, 2018 letter to the Court,
Lynch stated that he felt “it best to leave this matter up to the court; realizing the nature and
potential personal damage to [him].” Docket Item 160 (hereinafter “D.I.”), at 2 (Mar. 1, 2018).
Under Court of Chancery Rule 5.1, all proceedings in civil actions in the Court of Chancery are a
matter of public record unless good cause for confidential treatment is shown. The party seeking
confidential treatment has the burden of showing that the harm caused by public disclosure of
sensitive, non-public information would outweigh the public interest in access to court proceedings.
Cf. ADT Holdings, Inc. v. Harris, 2017 WL 4317245, at *1 (Del. Ch. Sept. 28, 2017); Al Jazeera
Am., LLC v. AT & T Servs., Inc., 2013 WL 5614284, at *3 (Del. Ch. Oct. 14, 2013); Sequoia
Presidential Yacht Grp. LLC. v. FE Partners LLC, 2013 WL 3724946, at *2 (Del. Ch. July 15,
2013). Examples of information that may qualify for confidential treatment include sensitive
personal information, such as medical records, and personally identifying information such as social
security numbers and financial account numbers. The fact that information may be embarrassing
does not alone warrant confidential treatment. Al Jazeera Am., LLC, 2013 WL 5614284, at *3;

                                             Page 6 of 32
STANDARD OF REVIEW

       The standard for reviewing a motion for summary judgment under Court of

Chancery Rule 56 is well-known. Under Rule 56(c), summary judgment is granted

“if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions on file,

together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any

material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.”

The summary judgment standard places the initial burden on the moving party to

demonstrate that are no genuine issues of material facts. Once the moving party has

satisfied that burden, it falls on the non-moving party to show that there are factual

disputes.    It may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials contained in its

pleading, but must present specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for

trial.11 If a material fact exists, or the Court desires to inquire “more thoroughly into

the facts to clarify” how to apply the law to the circumstances in the case, then

Sequoia Presidential Yacht Grp. LLC., 2013 WL 3724946, at *2. Here, Lynch has not met his
burden of showing good cause for confidential treatment of documents and has not submitted
proposed redacted versions of documents in compliance with Rule 5.1 or provided specific concerns
about documents. I do not find that the documents referenced by Lynch contain the type of
sensitive, personal information, such as medical records or financial account information, that Rule
5.1 protects from public disclosure. However, recognizing Lynch’s sensitivities and allowing
greater leniency since he is pro se, I have modified the draft report to eliminate references to
personal information, where possible, so long as the information is not central to the consideration
of Lynch’s claims.
11
   E.g., Wagamon v. Dolan, 2012 WL 1388847, at *2 (Del. Ch. Apr. 20, 2012); Wells Fargo Bank,
N.A. v. Williford, 2011 WL 5822630, at *2 (Del. Super. Ct. Nov. 17, 2011).

                                            Page 7 of 32
summary judgment will not be granted. 12 Evidence must be viewed “in the light most

favorable to the non-moving party.”13

ANALYSIS

     1. Barba has met his fiduciary duties as trustee of the Special Needs Trust

        In summary, I recommend that the Court grant Barba’s motion for summary

judgment, finding that Barba has not violated his fiduciary duties as trustee.

        A. The trustee’s powers and duties under the Will and the Special Needs
           Trust

           The Will and the SNT gave the executor and trustee broad fiduciary powers,

in addition to those granted by law, such as the right to invest in and purchase all

forms of property, and to sell or otherwise dispose of property. The Will and the

SNT each contained a specific provision recognizing that the Estate’s property

includes real estate and/or closely-held businesses, and stated that it was Ethel’s

intention that the fiduciary

        may continue to hold such interests and to act with respect to such interest as
        [Ethel] would have acted. [Ethel does] not direct [her] fiduciary to refrain from
        disposing of such interests, but [she] direct[s] that [the] fiduciary only make
        such decision after thorough consideration of all the ramifications of disposal
        of such interests.14

12
   E.g., Williams v. Geier, 671 A.2d 1368, 1388–89 (Del. 1996), citing Ebersole v. Lowengrub, 180
A.2d 467 (Del. 1962); Cincinnati Bell Cellular Sys. Co. v. Ameritech Mobile Phone Serv. of
Cincinnati, Inc., 1996 WL 506906, at *2 (Del. Ch. Sept. 3, 1996).
13
   671 A.2d at 1388–89, citing Merrill v. Crothall–American, Inc., 606 A.2d 96, 99 (Del. 1992).
14
   Def. App. A-6, Art. IX, at 6,7; Def. App. A-8, Art. VIII, at 7,9.

                                           Page 8 of 32
The SNT also specifically provided that the fiduciary has the power to employ and

compensate accountants, attorneys-at-law and other assistants and advisors they deem

“necessary for the proper administration of the trust.” 15

       With regard to distributions, the Will and the SNT authorized the executor and

trustee to make distributions in any manner that they think is in the best interest of a

beneficiary, and that all payments of “income which are currently distributable shall

be made in convenient installments, not less frequently than quarterly.” 16 The SNT

included additional provisions stating that, during Lynch’s lifetime, the “trustee may

pay to, or apply for the benefit of [Lynch] such amounts of principal or income, up to

the whole thereof, as the trustee, in the trustee’s sole and uncontrolled discretion, may

from time to time deem necessary or advisable for the satisfaction of [Lynch’s]

special needs. . . .”17 And, the SNT defined “special needs” as “the requisites for

maintaining the beneficiary in good health, safety and welfare when, in the discretion

of the trustee, such requisites are not being provided by any county, state, federal or

other governmental agency which has a legal responsibility to serve persons with

disabilities which are the same or similar to the impairments of [Lynch].” 18 The SNT

gave any beneficiary the right to request and receive a “complete written accounting

of such matters pertaining to the administration of the trust as are pertinent to that

15
   Def. App. A-8, Art. VIII, at 8.
16
   Def. App. A-6, Art. VI, at 3-4; Def. App. A-8, Art. X, at 10-11.
17
   Def. App. A-8, Art. V, at 4.
18
   Id.

                                             Page 9 of 32
beneficiary” from the trustee, with the caveat that the trustee has the discretion to

provide copies of the trust’s income tax returns to satisfy such requests. 19

       B. A trustee’s fiduciary obligations generally under Delaware law

          Trustees are held to a “prudent investor standard in the management and

investment of a trust’s assets or property.” 20 In managing trust property, “trustees

must act with skill, care, diligence and prudence in light of the circumstances. A non-

professional trustee’s duty to the beneficiaries in administering a trust is to exercise

the skill and care that a man of ordinary prudence would exercise in dealing with his

own property in light of the situation existing at the time.”21 Except that, with regard

to trust assets, they are not permitted to endanger the trust estate by taking risks with

the trust property which they might take when dealing with their own property.22 In

addition to the “prudent person” standard, the fiduciary duties a trustee traditionally

owes at common law include the duty of loyalty and the rule against self-dealing.23

Under Delaware law, a trustee’s powers are subject to fiduciary duties unless

modified by the terms of the trust.24

       C. Barba has not violated his fiduciary duties as trustee of the Ethel M.
          Lynch Special Needs Trust

19
   Def. App. A-8, Art. III, at 3.
20
   Law v. Law, 753 A.2d 443, 447 (Del. 2000), citing Wilmington Tr. Co. v. Coulter [hereinafter
“Coulter”], 200 A.2d 441, 448 (Del. Ch. 1964); see also 12 Del. C. § 3302(a).
21
   Id.
22
   duPont v. Delaware Trust Co., 320 A.2d 694, 697 (Del. 1974); see also Coulter, 200 A.2d at 448.
23
   IMO Daniel Kloiber Dynasty Trust, 98 A.3d 924, 930 (Del. Ch. 2014).
24
   12 Del. C. § 3324(b).

                                           Page 10 of 32
          Lynch alleges a number of instances in which he believes that Barba has

violated his fiduciary duties as executor and trustee of SNT. The first set of these

allegations focuses on Barba’s handling of the trust assets, including his sale of

Estate/trust property and his expenditure of trust funds. The remaining allegations

focus on Barba’s communications with the beneficiary, Lynch, and whether Barba

acted deferentially towards his sons, the contingent beneficiaries of the SNT. I will

address the allegations in turn.

          First, Lynch alleges that Barba sold real property assets for less than they

were worth and not in arms-length transactions. When a trustee sells trust assets, his

main goal is to obtain the maximum price considering the assets’ value. He is

responsible for acting “as other reasonable businessman would have acted under the

same circumstances.”25 Barba had authority under the Will and the SNT to sell real

property so long as he thoroughly considered the effect of disposing of the property. 26

From the evidence presented, it appears that the real property in the Estate included

seven pieces of property, including the property specifically identified by Lynch in

his complaint – 25 acres of land in Milroy, Pennsylvania. 27 Lynch identified two

additional trust properties – 2000 Eden Road, Wilmington, Delaware, and 101 East

25
   Pennsylvania Co. v. Wilmington Tr. Co., 186 A.2d 751, 756 (Del. Ch. 1962), aff'd sub nom.
Wilmington Tr. Co. v. Coulter, 200 A.2d 441 (Del. 1964).
26
   Def. App. A-6, Art. IX, at 6,7; Def. App. A-8, Art. VIII, at 7,9.
27
   Seven pieces of property were discussed by Barba’s attorney in a letter to Lynch’s attorney,
which indicated that copies of deeds, ownership and transfer documents, appraisals, HUD-1 and

                                          Page 11 of 32
32nd Street, Wilmington, Delaware – in his answer to the motion for summary

judgment to support his claim that Barba sold trust properties at below market rates in

violation of his fiduciary duty. There is no indication that Barba’s decisions to sell

the property were not well-thought out or were not handled in a reasonably business-

like manner. Specifically, the Milroy, Pennsylvania hunting property was sold for its

appraised value, and there was no documentation provided showing that the land was

undervalued as appraised.28 Lynch has not provided factual support for his allegation

that the properties were sold for less than they were worth.29

settlement sheets were included with the letter and had previously been provided to Lynch. Def.
App. A-15, Ltr. from Def.’s Att’y Ferry to Pl.’s Att’y Shrum (Feb. 19, 2017).
28
   Def. App. A-11.
29
   In his exceptions, Lynch argues that Barba displayed favoritism and poor judgment in selling all
trust properties below their appraised values, or in selling properties that had an established rental
stream, and seeks to support his claim by supplementing the factual record to include appraisals and
settlement sheets (where applicable) on all properties, even for those properties that were not
specifically argued previously. Barba responds that Lynch had previously referenced only the sales
of three properties (2000 Eden Road, Wilmington, Delaware, 101 East 32 nd Street, Wilmington,
Delaware, and 25 acres of hunting land in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania), in his complaint and
answer to the motion for summary judgment. By failing to bring these arguments up previously, or
to provide factual support in the briefing on the motion for summary judgment, Barba asserts that
Lynch waived those arguments.
        A motion for summary judgment must be decided on the record presented, and “not on what
evidence is ‘potentially possible.’” Albanese v. Allstate Ins. Co., 1998 WL 437370, at *1 (Del.
Super. Ct. July 7, 1998). Once the movant satisfies its burden, the party opposing summary
judgment must produce specific facts showing the existence of a genuine issue of material fact. Cf.
Glob. Energy Fin. LLC v. Peabody Energy Corp., 2010 WL 4056164, at *17 (Del. Super. Ct. Oct.
14, 2010); Lundeen v. Pricewaterhousecoopers, LLC, 2006 WL 2559855, at *5 (Del. Super. Ct.
Aug. 31, 2006). Further, the failure to raise a legal issue in the text of an opening brief generally
constitutes a waiver of the claim in connection with the matter under submission to the court. E.g.,
In re Asbestos Litig., 2007 WL 2410879, at *4 (Del. Super. Ct. Aug. 27, 2007) (citations omitted).
In this case, Lynch only presented his claims regarding the sale of all of the properties, including
factual support, when he filed the brief on his exceptions to the draft report, after the record was
closed. Allowing Lynch, a pro se litigant, greater leniency in the interest of justice, I will treat his
submission of new factual evidence as a motion to supplement the record. A motion to supplement
a record is at the discretion of the court; generally, admission of “late-submitted evidence is not

                                              Page 12 of 32
           Lynch claims that Barba denied Lynch the ability to carry on the family

business after Ethel Lynch’s death by turning off the business phone but Lynch failed

to present any evidence that Barba’s actions with regard to the family business had a

detrimental effect on the business as it existed at that time. 30 Barba explained that

Ethel’s laptop contains business information and he used the laptop for Estate and

trust purposes.31 Lynch also claims that Barba has not accounted for a “Pilgrim Life

Insurance policy” that Ethel Lynch had, but Barba indicated that proof of such life

insurance was never provided, and during his deposition Lynch stated that he did not

personally know whether his parents had a life insurance policy and had not

researched whether one existed. 32

           Second, Lynch claims that Barba has misspent and/or misappropriated

estate or trust funds, but failed to show any specific actions of the trustee that would

favored.” Pope Investments LLC v. Benda Pharm., Inc., 2010 WL 3075296, at *1 (Del. Ch. July 26,
2010). The Court considers certain factors in determining whether to grant a motion to supplement
the record, such as whether the evidence is newly discovered, whether the party would have
discovered the evidence previously if it had exercised reasonable diligence, whether the evidence is
so material that it is likely to change the outcome, whether the non-moving party will suffer undue
prejudice, and ultimately, considerations of fairness and justice. Cf. In re Mobilactive Media, LLC,
2013 WL 1900997, at *1 (Del. Ch. May 8, 2013); Pope Investments LLC 2010 WL 3075296, at *1-
*2. Here, I find it would not serve the interests of fairness and justice to grant Lynch’s request to
supplement the record, given that this evidence is not newly discovered, he had received copies of
the evidence prior to the filing of the motion for summary judgment, and the evidence is not
sufficiently material to affect the case outcome, or to show the properties were sold for less than
they were worth at the time of sale.
30
   Although the record is limited, it appears that the family businesses operated under Lynch
General Contracting, Lynbar Enterprises and R&R Associates. Def. App. A-15, Ltr. from Def.’s
Att’y Ferry to Pl.’s Att’y Shrum (Feb. 19, 2017). The complaint stated, and Barba’s answer
admitted, that Barba and attorneys for the Estate “said there was nothing of value in the family
business.” Compl. ¶20 at 3; Def. App. A-10, Def. Answer to Compl. ¶20.
31
   Def. App. A-13, Ltr. from Def.’s Att’y Ferry to Pl.’s Att’y Shrum (March 29, 2017).

                                            Page 13 of 32
support his claim. His claims appear to focus on his concern that Barba has engaged

“high dollar” attorneys and that the cost of the accounting services used by Barba is

“highly suspect.” Barba continued to use the same accounting firm for preparing

estate and trust accountings and tax returns that Ethel Lynch had used prior to her

death. The SNT clearly authorized the trustee to hire accountants and attorneys, as

needed, to administer the trust. 33 Lynch has presented no evidence that the work of

the accountant employed by Barba exceeded that authority. The issue concerning

attorneys’ fees will be addressed later in this report.

          Third, Lynch alleges that Barba has failed to properly distribute SNT funds

to him to meet his special needs, including for dental work and other similar needs,

on a quarterly basis, as the SNT requires. The record shows that Barba distributed

some funds: the letters from Lynch to Barba or to Barba’s attorneys referring to

specific checks and payments Lynch received from the trust, payments made in

response to invoices submitted in March 2017, and indicating that Lynch’s monthly

allowance had been cut off because of inadequate trust income. 34 Lynch’s complaint

that he did not want to continue to receive checks that had “Special Needs Trust” in

the account title (because the notation was a violation of his privacy) also indicated

32
   Def. App. A-2, Pl.’s Dep. Tr. at 83-85.
33
   Def. App. A-8, Art. VIII, at 8.
34
   See Compl. App., Ltr. From Ray Lynch to Frank Barba, (Apr. 11, 2014); Def. App. A-13, Ltr.
from Def.’s Att’y Ferry to Pl.’s Att’y Shrum (March 29, 2017).

                                         Page 14 of 32
he was at least receiving some checks. 35 The issue is not whether payments from the

trust were made at the time and in the amount requested by Lynch, but whether Barba

distributed trust funds to Lynch consistent with the authority provided by the SNT

and with Delaware law generally.

          The SNT authorizes the trustee to make distributions in “any manner which

[he deems] to be in the best interest of a beneficiary” and that all payments of

“income which are currently distributable shall be made in convenient installments,

not less frequently than quarterly.” 36 Another provision in the SNT specifically

authorizes the trustee, in his “sole and uncontrolled discretion” to pay out both the

principal and income in the trust as he deems “necessary or advisable” to meet

Lynch’s special needs.37 The record shows that the current value of the trust – and, as

a consequence, its income – is limited.          Barba indicated the value of the trust

accounts at the end of September 2017 was $73,487. 38 Therefore, the ability to make

quarterly payments from income would be affected. Although Lynch has complained

repeatedly about Barba’s failure to pay for his funding requests within the time

frames that Lynch would like, the SNT gave Barba broad discretion to make

payments from principal when he deemed them “necessary or advisable.” As a

35
   Compl. App., Ltrs. from Pl. Lynch to Frank Barba (Oct. 19, and Dec. 1, 2015, and Apr. 11,
2014).
36
   Def. App. A-8, Art. X, at 10-11.
37
   Id., Art. V, at 4.

                                        Page 15 of 32
fiduciary, Barba is responsible for acting with skill, care, diligence and prudence in

light of the circumstances. Lynch has failed to present evidence that Barba violated

his fiduciary duty with regard to trust distributions to the SNT beneficiary.

           Fourth, Lynch claims that Barba, as trustee, failed to properly complete the

trust accountings and tax returns in violation of his fiduciary duty. A trustee has an

independent duty to maintain records for the trust.39                        Barba presents an

uncontroverted expert opinion from the certified accountant at Bumpers & Company,

who prepared the accounting and tax returns for the SNT. His letter stated that:

       All required accountings and tax returns for the Revocable Trust and the SNT
       have been filed, and all such accountings and returns were accurate. From my
       review of all of the records and information provided to me, Frank Barba met
       his fiduciary obligations to account for all assets in the Revocable Trust and
       the SNT. All of my opinions in this matter have been given to a reasonable
       degree of professional certainty.40

Lynch has failed to present evidence that Barba violated his fiduciary duty

concerning the maintenance of trust records.

       In conclusion, Lynch has failed to provide any evidence to support a finding

that Barba did not meet his fiduciary obligations regarding his handling of the

financial aspects of the SNT.

38
   D.I. 96-97, Ltr. from Def.’s Att’y Ferry to M. Griffin (Oct. 13, 2017). This value does not reflect
the value of the SNT’s 50% interest in a Florida property that is currently for sale, or outstanding
obligations of the trust. D.I. 100, Ltr. from Def.’s Att’y Ferry to Ray Lynch (Sept. 8, 2017).
39
   Cf. Mennen v. Wilmington Tr. Co., 2015 WL 1914599, at *25 (Del. Ch. Apr. 24, 2015), aff'd sub
nom. Mennen v. Fiduciary Tr. Int'l of Delaware, 166 A.3d 102 (Del. 2017).
40
   Def. App. A-5, Ltr. from Chadwick Milton to Def.’s Att’y Ferry (April 3, 2017).

                                             Page 16 of 32
           Further, Barba, as trustee, has a duty to communicate with Lynch, the

beneficiary, and to provide the proper information, including accountings, to Lynch.

A trustee has a duty to furnish information about essential facts, including basic trust

terms, to the beneficiaries, upon reasonable request or even without a request. 41 It is

undisputed that the relationship between Lynch and Barba was difficult from the

beginning.     Lynch stated that he and Barba did “not have the best working

relationship” even prior to Ethel Lynch’s death. Despite that, Lynch has failed to

show that Barba did not provide him with basic information about the terms of the

trust or that Barba did not respond to his requests for accountings. Lynch was aware

of the terms of the SNT and he communicated regularly with Barba and Barba’s

attorney about various aspects of the SNT.42 The SNT specifically stated that the

trustee had the discretion to provide income tax returns to satisfy requests for

accountings.43 Barba provided Lynch with SNT tax returns covering 2011 – 2016, as

well as SNT monthly account statements for most of that time period, and other

41
   E.g., McNeil v. McNeil, 798 A.2d 503, 510 (Del. 2002); President & Fellows of Harvard Coll. v.
Glancy, 2003 WL 21026784, at *20, n. 33 (Del. Ch. Mar. 21, 2003) (citing Restatement (Second) of
Trusts § 173 (1959), “[t]rustee is under a duty to the beneficiary to give him upon his request at
reasonable times complete and accurate information as to the nature and amount of the trust
property”).
42
   See, e.g, Compl. App., Ltrs. from Ray Lynch to Barba (Sept. 17, Oct. 19, and Dec. 1, 2015; Apr.
11, 2014; Apr. 2, and Oct. 10, 2013; Jan. 12, Jan. 29, and Nov. 4, 2012; and Sept. 16, Sept. 27, and
Oct. 1, 2011).
43
   Def. App. A-8, Art. III, at 3.

                                            Page 17 of 32
financial documents. 44 Lynch’s allegations that Barba failed to provide him with the

required financial information are unsupported.

           Fifth, Lynch claims that Barba has a conflict of interest because his sons are

contingent beneficiaries of the SNT and that Barba acted in a way that unfairly

benefitted his sons. The SNT provides that “[u]pon the death of [Lynch], trustee shall

pay funeral expenses incurred on behalf of [Lynch], and shall distribute the balance

of the trust to my then living issue, on a per stirpes basis.”45 Currently, Ethel’s living

issue are Lynch and the sons of Barba and Rhonda, Matthew and Eric Barba. A

trustee should not show preference between current and remainder beneficiaries and

should act in a way that a fair result is reached in the interest of both current and

future beneficiaries.46 Lynch has presented no evidence that Barba has administered

the trust in a way that unfairly favored his sons, the contingent beneficiaries of the

SNT.     Indeed, Barba has requested that the SNT be terminated and the funds

distributed to Lynch free of the trust, which would eliminate his sons’ interests in the

trust.

     2. Lynch’s claims regarding Barba’s administration of the estate are barred
        by laches

44
   See Def. App. A-14, Ltr. from Def.’s Att’y Ferry to Ray Lynch (March 24, 2016); Def. App. A-
15, Ltr. from Def.’s Att’y Ferry to Pl.’s Att’y Shrum (Feb. 19, 2017).
45
   Def. App. A-8, Art. V, at 5.
46
   See McNeil v. Bennett, 792 A.2d 190, 214 (Del. Ch. 2001), aff'd in part, rev'd in part sub nom.
McNeil v. McNeil, 798 A.2d 503 (Del. 2002) (trustees must act impartially towards all beneficiaries,
including unborn beneficiaries).

                                            Page 18 of 32
        Lynch claims that Barba, as executor, improperly administered the Estate. His

allegations include that Barba moved the Estate’s tangible personal assets from the

family home and stored them without Lynch’s approval causing damage to those

assets, and that Estate property is missing. Ethel died on August 10, 2010; her estate

was opened in the New Castle County Register of Wills on August 13, 2010 and

closed on December 21, 2011. Barba asserts that Lynch’s claim against the estate are

time-barred because Lynch failed to bring the claim within six months after it arose

under 12 Del. C. § 2102, and under the doctrine of laches, because Lynch was aware

of his claim and unreasonably delayed bringing it forward.

       Lynch’s claims concerning Barba’s alleged negligence arose during the

administration of the Estate.        In letters from Lynch to the Estate’s attorney on

September 16, 2011 and September 29, 2011, Lynch expressed his concerns in

writing about alleged damage to the Estate’s personal property when the property was

moved from the family home. 47 The record also indicates that Lynch alleged that

other Estate property was missing around that same time. I take judicial notice that

the inventory for Ethel’s Estate was filed on March 10, 2011 and referenced Ethel’s

tangible personal property on the schedule of the Estate’s miscellaneous property. 48

47
   Further, in a March 29, 2012 letter, Lynch stated “I have been complaining for several months
about the unprofessional storage of my tangible assets, not to mention damage to same.” Pl.’s
Answer to Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J., Ex. (Ltr. from Ray Lynch to Att’y Mark Gentile (Mar. 29,
2012).
48
   See State v. Falkowski, 2001 WL 1448487, at *1, n. 1 (Del. Super. Oct. 2, 2001) (taking judicial
notice of the records of the Register of Wills because it is a Clerk of the Court of Chancery).

                                           Page 19 of 32
Register of Wills records show that the Estate account was filed on September 20,

2011 and the notice of the filing of the final account for the Estate was sent to Lynch

at that time. No exceptions were filed to the final account, and the Estate closed on

December 21, 2011. Lynch filed the action setting forth his claim in March 2016 –

more than four years and one-half years after the claim arose.

       The purpose of 12 Del. C. § 2102, a non-claim statute, is to facilitate the

prompt distribution of estate assets by requiring that creditors of estates bring their

claims against the estate within a limited period of time, “so that decedent's estates

can be settled within a reasonable time.” 49 Section 2012(b) requires that claims

arising after the decedent’s death be filed with the estate within six months after they

arise. However, § 2102(d) excludes claims for legacies or shares of an estate of a

decedent from the time restrictions in earlier subsections of § 2102, including

§ 2102(b).50 It is unnecessary for me to determine whether Lynch’s claim is barred

by § 2102 because Lynch’s claims do not survive under the doctrine of laches.

       Laches is an equitable doctrine “rooted in the maxim that equity aids the

vigilant, not those who slumber on their rights.” 51 A finding of laches generally

requires proof of three factors: the claimant's knowledge of the claim, unreasonable

49
   E.g., Sherman v. State, 133 A.3d 971, 980 (Del. 2016); Pamintuan v. Dosado, 844 A.2d 1010,
1014 (Del. Ch. 2003) (citations omitted); Estate of Holton, 1976 WL 5206, at *2 (Del. Ch. Aug. 17,
1976).
50
   Lynch is not a creditor but a beneficiary whose claims stem from the alleged negligent actions of
the trustee.

                                            Page 20 of 32
delay in bringing the claim, and resulting prejudice to the defendant. 52 Knowledge

and unreasonable delay are essential elements of laches, but what constitutes

unreasonable delay is based upon the particular factual circumstances in that case.53

And, although not controlling, an analogous statute of limitations period will be

“given great weight in deciding whether the claims are barred by laches.” 54 A party

guilty of laches will be prevented from enforcing a claim in equity.55

       I find that Lynch’s claim against the Estate is time-barred by the equitable

doctrine of laches. Lynch had knowledge of his claims against the Estate and the

executor since September 2011, when he began complaining about the personal

property being moved out of the family home and into a storage unit. Lynch received

notice of the filing of the Estate’s final account in September 2011, and failed to file

any exception to the account before the Estate was closed in December 2011. Lynch

has not provided any justification for his delay in bringing his claim. The Estate has

been closed since December 2011, and all property distributed, so the Estate would

be prejudiced if this claim is allowed to go forward at this time. And, considering the

analogous statute of limitations period for the laches analysis is three years (10 Del.

51
   E.g., Adams v. Jankouskas, 452 A.2d 148, 157 (Del. 1982); Kraft v. Wisdom Tree Investments,
Inc., 145 A.3d 969, 974-75 (Del. Ch. 2016).
52
   Whittington v. Dragon Grp., L.L.C., 991 A.2d 1, 8 (Del. 2009).
53
   Id. at 9.
54
   Id.; See also Adams, 452 A.2d at 157.
55
   Kraft, 145 A.3d at 974.

                                         Page 21 of 32
C. § 8106), that period has long since expired. 56 Accordingly, Lynch’s claims against

the executor and the Estate related to the Estate’s tangible personal property are

barred by laches.

       3. Barba should not be removed as trustee of the Special Needs Trust

       Lynch asks that Barba be removed as trustee of the SNT because he alleges

Barba has committed a breach of trust and has mismanaged trust funds. The SNT

provides that the power to designate fiduciaries includes the “power to remove any

56
   Lynch’s claims arose in and around September 2011, and evidence presented indicates that Lynch
was aware of the damage – or potential for damage – around that time. The three-year statute of
limitations period would have run before the end of 2014, and the complaint alleging the damages
was filed in March 2016. In his exceptions, Lynch argues that he did not discover the damages to
his property until he moved those assets into his new home in late 2014 and the delay in discovery
was caused by Barba’s refusal to pay Lynch the funds he needed to move the property out of the
storage unit, so that the three-year limitations had not run before he filed this action. Generally, for
limitation statutes like 10 Del. C. § 8106, the cause of action accrues at the time of the wrongful act.
Cf. Isaacson, Stolper & Co. v. Artisans' Sav. Bank, 330 A.2d 130, 132 (Del. 1974); Queen Anne
Pier Condo. Council v. Raley, 1988 WL 7618, at *2 (Del. Super. Ct. Jan. 26, 1988). Ordinarily, the
plaintiff’s ignorance of the facts is no obstacle to the operation of a statute of limitations. However,
under the time of discovery rule, the statute of limitations period may be tolled, if the cause of
action was inherently unknowable and the plaintiff was blamelessly ignorant of the cause of action,
or if the defendant fraudulently concealed the cause of action. Cf. Boyce v. Blenheim at Bay Pointe,
LLC, 2014 WL 8623125, at *2-*3 (Del. Super. Ct. Dec. 30, 2014). In cases where the time of
discovery rule applies, the limitations period begins to run “upon the discovery of facts . . .
sufficient to put a person of ordinary intelligence and prudence on inquiry which, if pursued, would
lead to the discovery of such facts.” Cf. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. AIG Life Ins. Co., 860 A.2d 312,
319 (Del. 2004) (citation omitted). I do not find the circumstances exist, in this case, to support
tolling the statute of limitations period. Lynch was aware of some damage to the property back in
the fall of 2011, so the damage was not inherently unknowable. No evidence has been presented
that Barba fraudulently concealed the damage and Lynch cannot be considered blameless of his
claimed ignorance in determining the exact damage he alleges occurred during the move until three
years following the move, when he had access to the storage unit where the property was stored.

                                              Page 22 of 32
trustee so designated, with or without cause.”57 Delaware law authorizes the Court of

Chancery to remove a trustee if the trustee commits a breach of trust, or if the court

determines, “with due regard for the expressed intention of the trustor and the best

interests of the beneficiaries,” that there has been a substantial change in

circumstances, the trustee is unfit, unwilling or unable to administer the trust

properly, or the hostility between the trustee and beneficiaries threatens the efficient

administration of the trust.58 Similarly, 12 Del. C. § 3303(a) states that a trust can

expand, restrict, or limit various rights and duties, but “nothing in this section shall be

construed . . . to preclude a court . . . from removing a fiduciary on account of the

fiduciary’s willful misconduct.” The Court clearly has the power to remove a trustee

who “fails to perform [his] duties through more than mere negligence.” 59 But that

authority should be “exercised sparingly.” 60

       The individuals authorized to designate and remove the SNT’s trustee have not

acted. Lynch has presented no evidence of any wrongdoing by Barba acting as

trustee of the SNT and I find no basis to remove him.

       Both parties describe the relationship between Barba and Lynch as difficult

and, at times, hostile. Lynch has asserted that the relationship between him and

57
   Def. App. A-8, Art. II, at 2. The SNT vests the power to designate or remove a successor trustee
in five individuals (Barba, Ethel’s brother, sister and two grandsons, Eric and Matthew Barba), by
majority vote. The five individuals have not acted to remove Barba as trustee.
58
   12 Del. C. § 2237.
59
   McNeil, 798 A.2d at 513 (citation omitted).
60
   Id.

                                           Page 23 of 32
Barba is hostile and that Barba has been “ill-mannered and demeaning on the

phone.”61 Barba stated that Lynch’s conduct has included “repetitious phone calls,

regular, mail, certified mail, hand-delivered mail, and unwanted and unscheduled

personal visits to Barba’s home.” 62 The record includes numerous letters between

Lynch and Barba and Barba’s attorneys that reflect the disparity between Lynch’s and

Barba’s expectations concerning the administration of the trust. Barba’s inability to

accommodate Lynch’s requests for payments from the trust has appeared to cause the

most contention between them. The question is whether there is sufficient hostility

between the trustee and beneficiary to threaten the efficient administration of the

trust.

         The trustor was clear in her intent in the SNT that the trustee would have broad

powers, including “sole and absolute discretion” concerning the distribution of trust

assets.63 A “mere lack of confidence in a trustee by the beneficiaries, or the existence

of friction between them, is not a sufficient ground for removal of a trustee. To

warrant removal, the friction or hostility must be of such a nature as to make it

impossible for the trustee to properly perform his duties.” 64 Lynch has failed to

provide any evidence that the difficult relationship between Barba and Lynch has

61
   Pl.’s Answer to Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J., at 8.
62
   Def. Opening Br. in Supp. of Mot. for Summ. J., at 5.
63
   Def. App. A-8, Art. V, at 4.
64
   duPont v. Wilmington Trust Co., 2017 WL 4461132, at *8 (Del. Ch. Oct. 6, 2017), as revised
(Del. Ch. Oct. 11, 2017), citing Vredenburgh v. Jones, 1980 WL 6786, at *2 (Del. Ch. June 13,
1980).

                                         Page 24 of 32
prevented Barba from properly performing his duties, or has threatened the efficient

administration of the trust.

     4. The Special Needs Trust should be terminated and its assets distributed to
        Lynch

       Both Barba and Lynch seek the termination of the SNT. Barba proposes that

remaining assets in the trust, after payment of Barba’s attorneys’ fees and costs,

trustee commission and other expenses, be distributed to Lynch in satisfaction of any

claims Lynch has against Barba and the trust.

       A court may terminate a trust where the beneficiaries consent and, after

considering the objectives of the settlor in establishing the trust, the court determines

that the purpose of the trust has become impossible to achieve, the administration of

the trust is extremely difficult or impractical, and/or continuing the trust is not in the

best interest of the beneficiaries.65 A factor in considering whether the settlor’s intent

will be frustrated by terminating the trust is whether the trust is a spendthrift trust. 66

       I find that, reading the trust instrument as a whole, the trustor’s primary object

was to provide financial assets to help meet the basic living expenses of her son,

Lynch, during his lifetime. Although the SNT is a spendthrift trust 67, the SNT gives

broad authority to the trustee to distribute trust assets – up to the whole principal of

65
   See generally George Gleason Bogert et al., Bogert’s Trusts and Estates, §§ 1007-08 (2d ed. Rev.
1993).
66
   Id. at §1008. If a settlor establishes a spendthrift trust, the purpose is to prevent the beneficiaries’
creditors from accessing the trust funds and if the trust is terminated and the assets turned over to
the beneficiaries, then the funds are accessible by the beneficiaries’ creditors.

                                               Page 25 of 32
the trust – if he deems it advisable to satisfy Lynch’s health, safety and welfare

needs.68 So, the trustee would have the authority to turn over all of the trust assets to

Lynch to enable him to meet those needs. But, the SNT also specifies an approach

for terminating the trust – it authorizes the trustee, in his “sole and absolute

discretion,” to transfer the trust assets to Delaware Care Plan, Inc., or other similar

organization, to continue the management of the trust assets on behalf of Lynch. 69

Barba has stated that Delaware Care Plan, Inc. is not in a position to accept the SNT

assets and he has found no other trustee to handle this trust. He believes that the

purposes for which the trust were created cannot be met and that, under these

circumstances, the trustee has the discretion to ask the Court to authorize him to

terminate the trust and distribute the assets to the beneficiary. 70

       Given the unique circumstances in this case, I recommend that the Court

terminate the Ethel M. Lynch Special Needs Trust because the purpose of the trust

will be impossible to achieve in the future. The current trustee, Barba, is not willing

to continue to serve as trustee of the SNT. The Delaware Care Plan, Inc., which is

the entity tasked by the SNT to manage the trust assets if the SNT is to be terminated,

is not willing to manage the trust assets. Barba has found no other trustee willing to

67
   Def. App. A-8, Art. XII, at 12.
68
   Def. App. A-8, Art. V, at 4.
69
   Id. at 4-5.
70
   D.I. 96, Ltr. from Def.’s Att’y Ferry to M. Griffin (Oct. 13, 2017) (indicating that the termination
of the trust would be handled in such a manner as to prevent adverse tax consequences and to
confirm with Medicaid that there it has no claim against the trust).

                                              Page 26 of 32
serve. Without a trust administrator, the object of the trustor – the management of the

trust assets on Lynch’s behalf – is no longer achievable. The SNT has limited funds

at this point ($73,487 in trust accounts as of September 30, 2017), the trustor allowed

broad discretion for use of the trust funds to benefit Lynch, and with Lynch’s limited

income, the assets will likely be used by Lynch towards one of the broad purposes

under the trust – for his health, safety and welfare.

          And, all of the beneficiaries of the SNT, including the contingent beneficiaries,

consent to the termination of the trust. Lynch seeks termination and the SNT’s

contingent beneficiaries, Rhonda and Barba’s sons, have agreed to waive any claim to

potential distributions and consent to the termination of the trust and the distribution

of the net remaining assets to Lynch.

          With the termination of the trust and distribution of the trust assets to Lynch,

the trustee’s responsibilities in winding up the trust will include working with Lynch

to provide guidance in how to manage the remaining trust assets. I recognize that this

transfer of trust funds eliminates the outside controls on Lynch’s expenditures of

those funds. But given the factors discussed above, I find that this is the only viable

result.

   5. Trust funds can be used to pay for attorneys’ fees and trustee commissions

          In trust litigation, the Court has the discretion, “as justice and equity may

require,” to award reasonable attorneys’ fees to any party, to be paid by another party

                                          Page 27 of 32
or from the trust at issue.71 The general rule is that a trustee is entitled to reasonable

attorneys’ fees when defending a trust and his own actions as a trustee. 72 Exceptions

to that rule focus on whether the trustee acted in bad faith or fraudulently, and depend

upon the extent of the trustee’s wrongful conduct, and whether his actions benefitted

the trust.73   The SNT clearly authorized the trustee to employ and compensate

attorneys as he deems “necessary for the proper administration of the trust.” 74 No

facts have been presented to indicate that the work of Barba’s attorneys to advise him

regarding the SNT exceeded that authority.             Nor has there been any showing that

Barba acted in bad faith, fraudulently, or wrongfully. Further, he has been successful

in the claims he has asserted in the litigation. Attorneys’ fees for Barba associated

with this litigation are entitled to be paid from the trust.                 The amount and

reasonableness of the award of the fees and costs for Barba’s attorneys related to this

litigation remain to be addressed through the submission of an affidavit of fees by

Barba prior to the termination of the trust.

       The next question is whether it is appropriate to award attorney’s fees from the

trust for Lynch’s attorney, Jackson Shrum. On September 20, 2017, Shrum, who

represented Lynch in this litigation from December 20, 2016 until May 10, 2017,

filed a motion for attorney fees in the amount of $11,240.75. Lynch filed a response

71
   12 Del. C. § 3584.
72
   E.g., In re Unfunded Ins. Tr. Agreement of Capaldi, 870 A.2d 493, 496 (Del. 2005); McNeil, 798
A.2d at 515.
73
   McNeil, 798 A.2d at 514-15.

                                           Page 28 of 32
to that motion, and Shrum submitted a reply. In granting Shrum leave to withdraw

as Lynch’s counsel, Master Ayvazian’s May 10, 2017 order stated that Shrum “shall

be entitled to receive fees and costs incurred in this action as of this date.”75 This

case was reassigned to me after Master Ayvazian’s retirement at the end of May

2017.

        Courts have the discretion to award attorneys’ fees in trust litigation where the

attorney’s services “are necessary for the proper administration of the trust” or

benefited the trust.”76       With regard to reimbursement for attorneys’ fees for

beneficiaries involved in a trust dispute, the analysis focuses on whether the benefits

to the trust through the beneficiaries’ role in the litigation outweigh their personal

motives, even though they may have been motivated by self-interest.77              After

conducting such a cost-benefit analysis in this case (comparing the benefit to the trust

and Lynch’s motives in filing the litigation), I do not find that Lynch acted in bad

faith or fraudulently. And, although he failed to present evidence showing Barba

breached his fiduciary duty, I recommend that the Court terminate the trust, which is

one of Lynch’s main objectives in this litigation.

        In his response to Shrum’s motion, Lynch claims that Shrum should not be

paid for his services beyond the original retainer of $5,000, which was paid from trust

74
   Def. App. A-8, Art. VIII, at 8.
75
   D.I. 73.
76
   Capaldi, 870 A.2d at 496; McNeil, 798 A.2d at 514-15.
77
   Capaldi, 870 A.2d at 498.

                                           Page 29 of 32
funds. He acknowledges execution of the retainer agreement on December 16, 2016

but points to the addendum he signed and included when he returned the agreement,

which stated that Lynch was “not in a position to pay any legal expenses outside of

the Special Needs Trust,” and that the services Shrum will provide through the

retainer will help Shrum conclude whether the “cost of litigation does not merit the

value of possible recovery; therefore, it would be best to limit [Shrum’s] bill to the

retainer and provide an opinion at that point as discussed.”78 Shrum’s reply states

that he, nor his firm, ever agreed to cap his fees and that it was always understood the

SNT would pay his fees, not Lynch personally. 79               He further states that he has

discounted his fees and not billed for dozens of hours of time, including any time

spent after March 29, 2017 (even though he continued to provide representation

through May 10, 2017), or substantial amounts of out-of-pocket costs associated with

this representation.

          I find that Shrum’s letter of engagement informed Lynch as to the hourly cost

of his services and the arrangements regarding charges for services and Lynch signed

that agreement.         Lynch’s addendum to the agreement does indicate that Lynch

expected Shrum to limit his services to the cost of the retainer and provide his

opinion about the value of moving forward with the litigation to Lynch at that point.

There is no indication that Shrum or his firm acknowledged the addendum. Lynch

78
     Pl’s Resp. to Mot. for Att’y Fees (Oct. 10, 2017).

                                               Page 30 of 32
was aware in March 2017 that Shrum’s services had exceeded the retainer, yet he

continued to contact Shrum and knew that Shrum was continuing to represent him

and to communicate with Barba’s attorney on his behalf until Shrum withdrew as

counsel on May 10, 2017.

       Given Master Ayvazian’s May 10, 2017 order stating that Shrum “shall be

entitled to receive fees and costs incurred in this action as of this date,” and having

concluded that the fees submitted in Shrum’s affidavit of fees with his motion are not

unreasonable, I recommend that the Court order that Shrum’s fees in the amount of

$11,240.75 be paid out of the SNT assets.

       Barba indicates that he plans to take a reasonable trustee commission prior to

terminating the trust. 80 Trustees are generally entitled to reasonable compensation for

their services rendered in furtherance of the trust. 81 The trust may fix the reasonable

compensation of a trustee or may provide that the trustee shall serve without

compensation. If neither of those apply, then the trustee’s commission is determined

consistent with Court of Chancery Rule 132, subject to “increase or decrease by the

Court for cause appearing sufficient to the Court.” The SNT contains no provision

related to payment of commission to a trustee, so payment is neither specified nor

precluded. I recommend that the Court find, particularly given the trustee obligations

79
   Movant’s Reply to Resp. in Support of Mot. for Att’y Fees (Oct. 18, 2017).
80
   Def. Opening Br. in Supp. of Mot. for Summ. J., at 26.
81
   12 Del. C. § 3560.

                                            Page 31 of 32
caused by the needs of the beneficiary and the litigation, a trustee commission

consistent with the provisions in Rule 132 is appropriate in this case.

CONCLUSION

      For the foregoing reasons, I recommend that the Court grant Barba’s motion

for summary judgment as he has established there is no genuine issue of material fact

with respect to this dispute and he is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Lynch

failed to show that Barba violated his fiduciary duties as trustee of the SNT and

presented no evidence that Barba improperly spent or misappropriated trust monies,

failed to distribute SNT funds consistent with the terms of the trust or to provide the

required accounting and other information to Lynch, or acted unfairly in favor of the

contingent beneficiaries, his sons. As a consequence, I conclude that there is no basis

for removing Barba as the trustee of the SNT. Given the particular circumstances

surrounding this trust, I recommend that the Court terminate the SNT, since its

purpose has become impossible to achieve, and distribute the remaining trust assets to

Lynch after all outstanding trust debts have been paid, including the trustee’s

attorneys’ fees and the fees of Lynch’s former attorney, Shrum, as well as the

appropriate trustee commission under Court of Chancery Rule 132.                I also

recommend that the Court find that Lynch’s claims regarding Barba’s alleged

mishandling of property in the Estate are barred by laches. This is a final report and

exceptions may be taken pursuant to Rule 144.

                                       Page 32 of 32