Court Opinion

ID: 4659099
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-02-10 15:10:27.154247+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:01:56.907561
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-5856-17

CLARENCE SEALS,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

MIA MOORE SEALS,

          Defendant-Appellant.

                   Submitted November 18, 2020 – Decided February 10, 2021

                   Before Judges Alvarez and Sumners.

                   On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
                   Chancery Division, Family Part, Essex County, Docket
                   No. FM-07-1981-12.

                   Mia Moore Seals, appellant pro se.

                   Clarence Seals, respondent pro se.

PER CURIAM

          This highly contentious divorce was tried on sixteen days over

approximately nine months. The Family Part judge's June 29, 2018 forty-eight-
page decision comprehensively addressed child support, alimony, counsel fees,

expert fees, and the equitable distribution of assets and liabilities acquired

during this thirty-year marriage. We affirm the decision, based on the judge's

cogent analysis regarding all financial issues, other than some of the allocation

of equitable distribution of credits and debits.1 As to those, we remand.

      We consider most of defendant Mia Moore Seals's points on appeal to be

so lacking in merit as to not warrant discussion in a written opinion.         R.

2:11-3(e)(1)(E). That conclusion is based on the judge's reasoning, findings of

facts based on the evidence in the record, and his even-handed application of

relevant laws, including the child support and alimony statutes. The judge found

both parties to be credible witnesses, although he considered plaintiff's

testimony more reliable. Additionally, some of the issues defendant seeks to

have reviewed on appeal were not raised at trial, nor did she present any proofs

about them.

      In order to place our decision in the appropriate context, we set forth the

following. The parties have two children, born in 1996 and 2001. The older

1
  The judge's decision regarding each party's contribution to the younger son's
college expenses is included in his written opinion, but not the amended
judgment. A further amendment is warranted to clarify each parent is
responsible for a proportional share.
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                                       2
child basically refused to have contact with his father since at least the filing of

the divorce complaint, requiring expert intervention and the participation of a

guardian ad litem, in an ultimately unsuccessful effort to reunite father and child.

      Plaintiff Clarence Seals had attempted to address what he perceived to be

the alienation of the child's affections. He was excluded from the child's life,

including the child's college selection process. At this juncture, the child has

graduated from college.

      The parties share joint physical and legal custody of the younger child.

The judge ordered them to fund the costs of the child's college education,

proportionate to their income at the time, with the further proviso that if

defendant is then unemployed, $58,000 annual income would be imputed to her.

      The marital home went into foreclosure during the pendency of the

divorce. Plaintiff was required to make certain payments on account of the

property. The payments were disputed at trial. They will be more specifically

addressed in the relevant section of the opinion. The parties are self-represented

on appeal; defendant was self-represented during most of the trial proceedings.

      The following are defendant's points:

            POINT 1
            THE COURT ERRED IN AWARDING CHILD
            SUPPORT.

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                                         3
    POINT A
    THE COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO
    AWARD CHILD SUPPORT FOR [the parties'
    older child], A 21-YEAR OLD FULL-TIME
    COLLEGE STUDENT.

    POINT B
    THE COURT ERRED IN AWARDING CHILD
    SUPPORT FOR [the younger child] AND DID
    NOT    ADEQUATELY      CONSIDER      OR
    EXPLAIN FACTORS UNDER N.J.S.A. 2A:34-
    23(a) FOR FAMILIES WITH INCOMES
    EXCEEDING NEW JERSEY CHILD SUPPORT
    GUIDELINES.

POINT 2
THE COURT ERRED BY NOT DISTRIBUTING
MARITAL DEBT ON DEFENDANT’S CIS
ACQUIRED DURING THE MARRIAGE.

POINT 3
THE COURT IGNORED RELEVANT AND
MATERIAL FACTS AND DID NOT ADEQUATELY
CONSIDER OR EXPLAIN A NUMBER OF
RELEVANT FACTORS RESULTING IN AN
UNJUST ALIMONY AWARD.

POINT 4
THE COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN
DENYING AN ADJUSTMENT OF PENDENTE LITE
SUPPORT.

POINT 5
THE COURT ABUSED DISCRETION BY
UNJUSTLY   ENRICHING   PLAINTIFF  FOR
VIOLATING THE PENDENTE ORDER AND
AMASSING 401(K) ASSETS POST-COMPLAINT

                                              A-5856-17
                    4
WHILE DISSIPATING MARITAL ASSETS AND
NOT PAYING ORDER[ED] SUPPORT FOR YEARS.

POINT 6
THE COURT ERRED BY CREDITING PLAINTIFF
FOR ALLEGED PAYMENTS TO CREDITORS
PENDENTE LITE WITH NO PROOF OF
PAYMENTS OR ACCOUNTING FOR DEBT
ACCUMULATED    ON   THOSE   ACCOUNTS
PENDENTE LITE.

POINT 7
THE COURT ERRED BY CREDITING PLAINTIFF
$29,000 FOR ALLEGED PAYMENTS FOR
UTILITIES IN A VACANT, FORECLOSED HOME
WITHOUT PROOF OR CONSIDERATION OF
REASONABLENESS WHILE PLAINTIFF WAS IN
VIOLATION OF PENDENTE ORDER FOR SAME
EXPENSES.

POINT 8
THE COURT ERRED BY DENYING CREDIT TO
DEFENDANT FOR PAYMENTS MADE TO CHASE
VISA PLAINTIFF HAD BEEN ORDERED TO PAY
PENDENTE LITE.

POINT 9
THE COURT ERRED BY NOT ADEQUATELY
CONSIDERING OR EXPLAINING A NUMBER OF
RELEVANT    FACTORS    IN   EQUITABLE
DISTRIBUTION LEADING TO AN UNJUST
ALLOCATION AND DISSIPATION OF MARITAL
ASSETS.

POINT 10
THE COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY NOT
ADEQUATELY CONSIDERING OR EXPLAINING
RELEVANT FACTORS IN DENYING COUNSEL

                                          A-5856-17
                   5
            FEES AND NOT REALLOCATING LITIGATION-
            RELATED EXPENSES.

            POINT 11
            THE COURT ERRED BY NOT APPLYING OR
            CONSIDERING  RELEVANT   FACTORS  IN
            DETERMINING COLLEGE EXPENSE SUPPORT
            FOR OWEN.

            POINT 12
            THE COURT ERRED BY NOT AWARDING
            DEFENDANT CREDIT FOR [HER] SHARE OF
            $8,500 MARITAL ASSET, 2007 LEXUS GRANTED
            PLAINTIFF TO USE AS TRADE-IN FOR NEW CAR
            IN APRIL 2018.

            POINT 13
            THE COURT ERRED BY FAILING TO AWARD
            DEFENDANT [AN] EQUITABLE SHARE OF
            PLAINTIFF’S SEVERANCE PACKAGE FROM
            BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON IN AUGUST 2013.

            POINT 14
            THE COURT ERRED IN ADMINISTRATION OF
            JUSTICE BY INTERRUPTING DEFENDANT’S
            CROSS-EXAMINATION AND TESTIMONY AND
            INSTRUCTING HER TO MAKE POINTS DURING
            CLOSING   ARGUMENTS     THAT    COURT
            INDICATED WOULD OCCUR MULTIPLE TIMES
            DURING TRIAL, AND THEN DENYING THOSE
            CLOSING ARGUMENTS.

      We comment only on points five through eight, and thirteen.

      A family court's order pertaining to equitable distribution is reviewed "to

determine whether the court has abused its discretion." La Sala v. La Sala, 335

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                                       6
N.J. Super. 1, 6 (App. Div. 2000). In other words, "[w]e must determine

'whether the trial court mistakenly exercised its broad authority to divide the

parties' property or whether the result reached was bottomed on a misconception

of law or findings of fact that are contrary to the evidence.'" Sauro v. Sauro,

425 N.J. Super. 555, 573 (App. Div. 2012) (quoting Genovese v. Genovese, 392

N.J. Super. 215, 223 (App. Div. 2007)).

      In conducting such a review, this court must balance "the need for a check

on unbridled discretion in the trial court against affording a trial [de novo] in

this court. An equitable distribution will be affirmed even if this court would

not have made the same division of assets as the trial judge." Perkins v. Perkins,

159 N.J. Super. 243, 247-48 (App. Div. 1978). "Because of the family courts'

special jurisdiction and expertise in family matters, appellate courts should

accord deference" to the factual findings of the family judge. Cesare v. Cesare,

154 N.J. 394, 413 (1998).      "Deference is especially appropriate 'when the

evidence is largely testimonial and involves questions of credibility.'" Id. at 412

(quoting In re Return of Weapons to J.W.D., 149 N.J. 108, 117 (1997)). We

reverse only if the family judge's conclusions are "clearly mistaken" or "wide of

the mark," to "ensure that there is not a denial of justice." Parish v. Parish, 412

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                                        7
N.J. Super. 39, 48 (App. Div. 2010) (quoting N.J. Div. of Youth & Fam. Servs.

v. E.P., 196 N.J. 88, 104 (2008)).

      In the court’s written decision regarding equitable distribution, it listed

the sixteen factors enumerated in N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23.1.           We reiterate the

discussion. Specifically, regarding factor six—"[t]he economic circumstances

of each party at the time the division of property becomes effective"—court

found plaintiff was employed and earning a base salary of $224,000, w ith the

potential for bonuses. N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23.1(f). The court imputed income of

$58,000 to defendant, exclusive of alimony.        Neither party had significant

savings or assets. Generally, the court in most instances divided the marital

assets and liabilities equally.

      Regarding factor seven—"[t]he income and earning capacity of each

party"—the court found both parties were well-educated, and should in the

foreseeable future continue to earn incomes at their current levels.

      Regarding factor nine—"[t]he contribution of each party to the

acquisition, dissipation, [or] preservation . . . of the marital property"—the court

found "the parties shared equally in the acquisition of assets and debts."

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                                        I.

      Contrary to defendant's argument on appeal, the trial judge did not abuse

his discretion in disagreeing that plaintiff dissipated assets. We briefly touch

upon some of defendant's arguments involving issues not included in the

remand, on which we affirm the trial judge's rulings.

      In order to determine whether conduct constitutes dissipation of marital

assets, in Kothari, we stated:

            In resolving this issue, courts have considered a variety
            of factors, including, "most commonly," the following:

                   (1) the proximity of the expenditure to the
                   parties' separation, (2) whether the
                   expenditure was typical of expenditures
                   made by the parties prior to the breakdown
                   of the marriage, (3) whether the
                   expenditure benefitted the "joint" marital
                   enterprise or was for the benefit of one
                   spouse to the exclusion of the other, and (4)
                   the need for, and amount of, the
                   expenditure.

            The question ultimately to be answered by a weighing
            of these considerations is whether the assets were
            expended by one spouse with the intent of diminishing
            the other spouse's share of the marital estate.

            [255 N.J. Super. at 507 (citations omitted).]

      The judge considered the parties' conduct during the litigation, ultimately

concluding that the positions advanced at trial were reasonable and maintained

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                                        9
by the parties in good faith. We agree with the judge's conclusion that plaintiff

did not expend assets with the intent to reduce the marital estate.

      For example, defendant objects to the court allowing plaintiff to retain

sole ownership of his post-divorce-complaint 401(k).             When plaintiff's

employment with one bank ended in 2013 and he became re-employed in June

2014, he resumed contributions to his 401(k) plan.          He initially said the

payments were mandatory—although when shown paycheck documents on

cross-examination, had to agree that the plan was voluntary. Plaintiff explained

he "chose not to opt out of the plan because the [c]ourt didn't say I couldn't save

money." He had earlier been ordered not to contribute to his 401(k) to ensure

that maximum cash flow was available to the family during the pending

proceedings.    Plaintiff testified that despite the 401(k) contributions, he

maintained his pendente lite obligations. The judge found in accord with clear

precedent that plaintiff should therefore be permitted to retain his post-divorce

savings. See Steneken v. Steneken, 367 N.J. Super. 427, 440 (App. Div. 2004)

(holding retirement assets "attributable to post-divorce employment [are] not

subject to equitable distribution").

      The judge did divide a pre-divorce-complaint deferred equity plan from a

prior employer, however.       It contained stocks, some of which had been

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                                       10
previously sold for payment of the guardian ad litem appointed by the court with

regard to the oldest child. That pre-divorce-complaint asset was subject to

equitable distribution.

      There is no doubt that plaintiff made voluntary payments to his 401(k)

contrary to a court order. But that fact alone does not make the account subject

to equitable distribution. He acquired the asset while simultaneously satisfying

his support obligations and other pendente lite financial responsibilities . The

point of the order was not to include an asset otherwise not eligible for equitable

distribution in the marital estate, but to ensure plaintiff had sufficient cash to

comply with the pendente lite orders. The 401(k) was not established until two

years after he filed for divorce. Defendant's further assertion that plaintiff

should not be entitled to reap the benefit of his entire 401(k) account because it

would unjustly enrich him has no basis in the law and does not warrant further

discussion. See R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      In a similar fashion, defendant contends the court abused its discretion by

not awarding her credit for a severance package plaintiff received in Augus t

2013. However, defendant did not make the argument to the trial court. It "is a

well-settled principle that appellate courts should decline to consider issues not

fully presented at trial unless the issues are jurisdictional or concern matters of

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                                       11
great public interest." Winer v. Winer, 241 N.J. Super. 510, 524 (App. Div.

1990) (quoting Matter of Board of Educ. of Town of Boonton, 99 N.J. 523, 536

(1985)). That standard is not met here. Defendant was aware of the severance

package, and thus should have brought it to the trial court's attention during that

trial.

         Defendant asserts she omitted the severance package because she was

unaware of the law. Ignorance of the law here does not entitle her to a remand

where she had the opportunity to raise this issue at trial. See R. 2:12-2 (noting

issues not raised at trial are only addressed on appeal where "interests of justice"

require). Further, part of this severance package–defendant's bonus for the 2013

performance year received in February 2014–was already distributed to her

pursuant to the April 11, 2014 order's bonus distribution provision.

Consequently, this is not an appropriate issue for consideration on remand.

                                         II.

         Defendant also contends that the judge erred in calculating equitable

distribution by crediting plaintiff with half of $29,343, which he testified he paid

towards the utilities at the former marital residence since the filing of the divorce

complaint. Beginning on July 31, 2012, plaintiff was ordered to pay those

expenses. Schedule A expenses for utilities came to $1027 monthly. Plaintiff

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testified he paid all the utility bills for the marital residence during 2012, 2013,

and 2014.        Defendant vacated the home in September 2015, and it was

demolished after foreclosure in December 2016.          In his written summation

statement, plaintiff claimed that defendant did not provide all the bills associated

with the upkeep of the marital home, but he nonetheless paid $29,343 towards

the utilities.

       Defendant alleges that plaintiff lied. If he did not lie, then she argues he

should not be compensated for "absurd spending[,]" and adds that he provided

no documentation in support of the alleged payments. In his written summation,

plaintiff asserted to the contrary that he not only paid for the utilities, he paid

for the property landscaping to be maintained, as he feared that after foreclosure

the parties would owe additional sums. When the property was sold for $1.01

million, the parties had no personal liability on the first mortgage , a substantial

benefit to both.

       Plaintiff contends the evidence regarding this issue was supplied in his

summation statement and on appeal relies on the court's factual findings. It is

not clear to us from the record if plaintiff ever actually documented how he

arrived at the specific total. Although we disagree with defendant that if the

payments were made, they were "absurd[,]" and he should be denied a credit for

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                                        13
that reason, plaintiff should document those expenses.        Thus, on remand,

plaintiff must document the payments before the judge decides the matter. The

judge will render his decision with regard to pendente lite utility and

maintenance payment for the former marital home based on documentation.

                                       III.

      Defendant challenges the credit the court calculated for plaintiff's

pendente lite payments on a Citibank Visa account. The court found there was

a $7050 balance remaining on the account, apportioning it evenly between the

parties. Plaintiff claimed he paid the balance at the rate of $100 per month since

2012, but that nonetheless there was a balance of $7950 on the card as of June

2017. He testified that the amount of debt on the card was close to $13,000

when the complaint was filed. In his summation statement, he asserted the total

he paid was $8693, with a balance remaining of $7050.            Most likely the

difference in calculations results from interest accumulating on the outstanding

balance. During the remand hearing, plaintiff must produce the proofs necessary

to clarify that point.

      Affirmed in part, reversed in part. We do not retain jurisdiction.

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