Court Opinion

ID: 4359089
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-01-16 10:10:50.909424+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:08:17.924961
License: Public Domain

If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                 revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.

                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                   UNPUBLISHED
In re A. M. GLOVER, Minor.                                         January 15, 2019

                                                                   No. 343899
                                                                   Wayne Circuit Court
                                                                   Family Division
                                                                   LC No. 13-514148-NA

Before: GLEICHER, P.J., and STEPHENS and O’BRIEN, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        The circuit court terminated respondent-mother’s parental rights to her 15-month-old
daughter, AMG, based on respondent’s failure to adequately participate in and benefit from a
service plan tailored to address substance abuse and mental health issues. Respondent challenges
the level of services provided as well as the factual support for the court’s statutory and best-
interest findings. We discern no error and affirm.

                                      I. BACKGROUND

        Respondent gave birth to AMG on November 29, 2016. Both mother and child tested
positive for marijuana in the hospital. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
took AMG into care directly from the hospital, partly because respondent admitted to using
cocaine and marijuana while pregnant and partly because respondent’s parental rights to two
other children had already been terminated for failure to participate in and benefit from a
services plan. AMG was placed with respondent’s sister (who had also adopted one of
respondent’s young sons). Over the next several months respondent regularly visited the baby at
her sister’s home. Unfortunately, she did little else.

        Early in the proceedings, both respondent’s counsel and counsel for the DHHS were
concerned about respondent’s mental health and cognitive skills. The court ordered respondent
to participate in a preliminary Clinic for Child Study evaluation and respondent met with
psychiatrist Kai Anderson. Respondent reported suffering from ongoing severe depression since
the removal of her sons. She also noted that she had been hit by a motor vehicle while crossing
the street in 2013, leading to “ongoing issues with her memory, concentration, and severe
headaches.” Dr. Anderson opined that respondent “appeared to have an average level of
intelligence.” Ultimately, he recommended that respondent undergo full psychiatric and
psychological evaluations for depression and to gauge the impact of respondent growing up
without nurturing parents. Anderson further asserted that respondent would require psychiatric
and psychological treatment after the evaluations.

        The DHHS referred respondent for the necessary evaluations in April, August, and
October 2017. It also referred respondent for substance abuse treatment, random drug screens,
and parenting classes. The DHHS mailed these referrals to respondent at the home of her cousin,
where respondent claimed to live. The caseworker attempted to visit respondent at that address,
however, and was advised that respondent did not live there. The caseworker tried to maintain
telephone contact with respondent, but her phone was disconnected and the person who
answered respondent’s “emergency” number indicated that he or she was not connected with
respondent. The caseworker left several messages with respondent’s sister, knowing that
respondent visited weekly, but this elicited no response. As a result, respondent never submitted
to the court-ordered psychological and psychiatric evaluations. The DHHS was therefore unable
to evaluate respondent’s mental health or cognitive abilities and could not provide respondent
with services catered to her needs.

       However, respondent voluntarily enrolled in an inpatient substance abuse treatment
program at Positive Images in March or April 2017. Respondent left without completing the
program and provided no records or releases to the caseworker. Respondent claimed that she
sought out mental health services from Team Wellness and had been taking psychotropic
medication prescribed by that agency since the beginning of the proceedings. Yet respondent
provided no records of these services either.

        The court ordered the DHHS to file a supplemental petition seeking termination of
respondent’s parental rights in January 2018, based on respondent’s failure to maintain contact
with the caseworker or to participate in any ordered services (including parenting classes, drug
screens, mental health evaluations, counseling, and therapy). It further appeared that respondent
was homeless and did not have a legal source of income. The DHHS submitted the supplemental
petition on February 14. At a February 20 pretrial hearing, respondent’s attorney requested that
the court appoint a guardian ad litem for her client. The court ordered that reasonable
reunification efforts continue in the meantime, but the DHHS admittedly made no further service
referrals to respondent.

        The termination hearing began on April 5, 2018. Respondent had reenrolled at Positive
Images three days earlier. The court deemed this to be too little, too late. The court noted that
respondent had done little to rectify the conditions that led to adjudication—substance abuse and
untreated mental illness—and had not even started many services. Based on this evidence, the
court found termination supported under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i), (g), and (j). And despite that
AMG was in a relative placement, the court found termination to be in her best interests given
her young age and need for permanency.

                          II. REASONABLE ACCOMMODATIONS

       Respondent contends that the DHHS could not support the statutory grounds for
termination because it failed to provide specialized services to accommodate her cognitive
impairments and mental illness. Absent certain extenuating circumstances, the DHHS “has an

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affirmative duty to make reasonable efforts to reunify a family before seeking termination of
parental rights.” In re Hicks/Brown, 500 Mich. 79, 85; 893 NW2d 637 (2017); In re Mason, 486
Mich. 142, 152; 782 NW2d 747 (2010). This includes providing services geared toward
reunification through a case service plan. Hicks/Brown, 500 Mich. at 85-86. To comply with the
Americans with Disabilities Act, the DHHS must make reasonable modifications to services to
accommodate a parent’s special needs. The absence of accommodation precludes a finding that
reasonable efforts were made. Id. at 86.

        To reasonably accommodate services to assist a respondent, however, the DHHS must be
able to assess the respondent’s limitations. In Hicks/Brown, 500 Mich. at 89-90, for example,
DHHS medical professionals recommended that the respondent would “benefit from services
tailored to her disability” through an outside organization. Here, a Clinic for Child Study
psychiatrist conducted a preliminary assessment based on the concerns of respondent’s attorney
and the DHHS that respondent was mentally ill and/or cognitively impaired. That doctor did not
conduct a full evaluation and deemed respondent capable of understanding the proceedings.
Based on the clinician’s recommendation, the DHHS referred respondent for full psychological
and psychiatric evaluations, the outcomes of which would guide the provision of specialized
services. Respondent did not submit to any evaluation despite three separate referrals.
Respondent cannot decline to participate and then complain that her participation was not
adequately guided.

                                III. STATUTORY GROUNDS

         Respondent also challenges the circuit court’s determination that statutory grounds
supported the termination decision. Pursuant to MCL 712A.19b(3), a circuit court “may
terminate a parent’s parental rights to a child if the court finds, by clear and convincing
evidence” that at least one statutory ground has been proven by the DHHS. MCR 3.977(A)(3);
In re Trejo, 462 Mich. 341, 350; 612 NW2d 407 (2000). When termination is sought in a
supplemental petition, the court’s decision must be based on legally admissible evidence. In re
DMK, 289 Mich. App. 246, 258; 796 NW2d 129 (2010). We review for clear error a circuit
court’s factual finding that a statutory termination ground has been established. In re Rood, 483
Mich. 73, 90-91; 763 NW2d 587 (2009). “A finding of fact is clearly erroneous if the reviewing
court has a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed, giving due regard to
the trial court’s special opportunity to observe the witnesses.” In re Moss, 301 Mich. App. 76, 80;
836 NW2d 182 (2013) (quotation marks and citation omitted). “Clear error signifies a decision
that strikes us as more than just maybe or probably wrong.” In re Williams, 286 Mich. App. 253,
271; 779 NW2d 286 (2009).

        The court terminated respondent’s parental rights pursuant to MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i),
(g), and (j), which provided at the time of termination:

               (3) The court may terminate a parent’s parental rights to a child if the
       court finds, by clear and convincing evidence, 1 or more of the following:

                                            * * *

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         (c) The parent was a respondent in a proceeding brought under this chapter, 182
         or more days have elapsed since the issuance of an initial dispositional order, and
         the court, by clear and convincing evidence, finds either of the following:

          (i) The conditions that led to the adjudication continue to exist and there is no
         reasonable likelihood that the conditions will be rectified within a reasonable time
         considering the child’s age.

                                               * * *

         (g) The parent, without regard to intent, fails to provide proper care or custody
         for the child and there is no reasonable expectation that the parent will be able to
         provide proper care and custody within a reasonable time considering the child’s
         age.[1]

                                               * * *

         (j) There is a reasonable likelihood, based on the conduct or capacity of the
         child’s parent, that the child will be harmed if he or she is returned to the home of
         the parent.

        Respondent contends that the DHHS could not support termination under factor (c)(i)
because it did not make reasonable efforts at reunification. Specifically, respondent accuses the
DHHS of failing to notify her when it referred her for services, thereby preventing her from
rectifying the conditions that led to adjudication. Before a court may consider termination of a
respondent’s parental rights, petitioner must make reasonable efforts to reunite the family. MCL
712A.19a(2). “The adequacy of the petitioner’s efforts to provide services may bear on whether
there is sufficient evidence to terminate a parent’s rights.” Rood, 483 Mich. at 89. “While the
[DHHS] has a responsibility to expend reasonable efforts to provide services to secure
reunification, there exists a commensurate responsibility on the part of respondents to participate
in the services that are offered.” In re Frey, 297 Mich. App. 242, 248; 824 NW2d 569 (2012).

         There was some confusion early on regarding respondent’s correct mailing address; the
initial petition cited an address on Bedford Street, but respondent claimed to live on Baldwin
Street with her cousin. The supplemental termination petition reverted to listing the Bedford
address. After some inconsistent testimony at the termination hearing, the caseworker clarified
that she sent the first two referrals to the Baldwin address provided by respondent. She also tried
to contact respondent by telephone and visited the Baldwin Street address to notify her of the

1
    Factor (g) now provides:
         The parent, although, in the court’s discretion, financially able to do so, fails to
         provide proper care or custody for the child and there is no reasonable expectation
         that the parent will be able to provide proper care and custody within a reasonable
         time considering the child’s age. [2018 PA 58 (effective June 12, 2018).]

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referrals, only to be met with disconnected lines and advice that respondent did not live where
she claimed. Respondent did not contact the caseworker between July and October 2017. When
respondent did finally check in, she requested that the caseworker send any correspondence to
her sister’s house as she visited there weekly. However, respondent made no attempt to begin
services even after the caseworker sent referrals to her sister’s house.

        Respondent also challenges the DHHS’s failure to make any further referrals after the
February 20, 2018 hearing at which the court approved the supplemental petition seeking
termination, but also ordered the DHHS to continue reasonable reunification efforts. However,
the DHHS “ ‘is not required to provide reunification services when termination of parental rights
is the agency’s goal.’ ” Moss, 301 Mich. App. at 91, quoting In re HRC, 286 Mich. App. 444, 463;
781 NW2d 105 (2009). The supplemental petition approved at the hearing sought termination.
Therefore, further reunification efforts were not required and although the DHHS ignored the
court’s order, it did not violate the law.

       And respondent did not rectify the conditions that led to adjudication within 182 days.
Respondent claimed that she started treatment for depression with Team Wellness but provided
no documentation of her diagnosis, prescriptions, or attendance at therapy. Accordingly,
respondent did not overcome the evidence that her mental illness remained untreated.
Respondent twice enrolled in an inpatient substance abuse program. However, she early
terminated during her first stay and entered only three days before the termination hearing for her
second try. At the hearing, respondent admitted that if she submitted to a drug test that day, it
would come back positive.

        Moreover, the evidence established that respondent would not be able to rectify these
conditions within a reasonable time. Respondent testified that it would take 90 days to “get
[her]self together” and graduate from the Positive Images program. She believed she would be
able to take custody of AMG immediately upon her release. This was not a reasonable
expectation. Respondent provided no documentation (and signed no releases to allow the DHHS
to request information) supporting that she participated in parenting classes or mental health
treatment while at Positive Images. These services were a mandatory part of respondent’s case
service plan. Absent compliance with the case service plan and demonstrated benefit from
services, it was unlikely that respondent could regain custody of AMG within a reasonable time.

         Termination was also supportable under factor (g). Respondent had never provided
proper care and custody for AMG. Respondent abused cocaine and marijuana while pregnant
and did not secure prenatal treatment. AMG was immediately placed with respondent’s sister
after the infant’s release from the hospital and therefore has never been in her mother’s care.
Accordingly, respondent had not provided proper care and custody in the past. “A parent’s
failure to participate in and benefit from a service plan is evidence that the parent will not be able
to provide a child proper care and custody” within a reasonable time in the future. In re White,
303 Mich. App. 701, 710; 846 NW2d 61 (2014). Respondent’s failure to participate in court-
ordered services certainly had that effect in this case.

      The circuit court also relied on factor (j) in terminating respondent’s parental rights.
Respondent’s failure to address her mental illness and substance abuse issues likely would place
AMG in harm if the young child were placed in her mother’s care. Failure to comply with his or

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her service plan is further evidence that a child may face harm if returned to the parent’s home.
Id. at 711. Ultimately, we discern no error in the circuit court’s assessment that clear and
convincing admissible evidence supported termination under the three factors cited.

                                     IV. BEST INTERESTS

         Lastly, respondent challenges the circuit court’s conclusion that termination of her
parental rights was in AMG’s best interests. She asserts that the court should have considered
AMG’s placement with a relative and the parent-child bond as weighing against termination.
“Once a statutory ground for termination has been proven, the trial court must find that
termination is in the child’s best interests before it can terminate parental rights.” In re
Olive/Metts, 297 Mich. App. 35, 40; 823 NW2d 144 (2012), citing MCL 712A.19b(5).
“[W]hether termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the child must be proven by a
preponderance of the evidence.” Moss, 301 Mich. App. at 90. The court should weigh all the
evidence available to it in determining the child’s best interests. Trejo, 462 Mich. at 356-357.
Relevant factors include “the child’s bond to the parent, the parent’s parenting ability, [and] the
child’s need for permanency, stability, and finality. . . .” Olive/Metts, 297 Mich. App. at 41-42
(citations omitted). The advantages of the child’s foster placement over placement with the
parent are a relevant consideration. In re Foster, 285 Mich. App. 630, 634-635; 776 NW2d 415
(2009). However, a child’s placement with relatives weighs against termination, MCL
712A.19a(6)(a), and the court must expressly consider the child’s relative placement in making
its best-interest determination. Olive/Metts, 297 Mich. App. at 43.

        Contrary to respondent’s assertion, the circuit court expressly considered that AMG was
placed with her maternal aunt in making its best-interest analysis. The court noted that AMG’s
aunt was willing to adopt. The “bottom line,” in the court’s assessment, was that AMG was
under two years old and a guardianship would leave the child hanging in limbo for too long. The
court determined that termination of respondent’s rights and adoption by the aunt was necessary
to provide “stability, closure, [and] finality” for AMG. And respondent’s bond with AMG was
limited to that developed during weekly visits. Respondent’s sister supervised these visits and
reported that respondent was always appropriate and played with the baby. However, there is no
record evidence that AMG would suffer any emotional harm if the visits stopped.

        Further supporting the court’s determination, respondent’s sister had also adopted one of
respondent’s young sons. Respondent visited AMG at her sister’s house weekly and therefore
also visited with her son. Respondent would likely still be able to visit AMG (and her son) with
her sister’s supervision. A relationship with the child potentially could continue through these
familial transactions.

       We affirm.

                                                            /s/ Elizabeth L. Gleicher
                                                            /s/ Cynthia Diane Stephens
                                                            /s/ Colleen A. O’Brien

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