Court Opinion

ID: 4605131
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:35:41.398133+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:53:08.287396
License: Public Domain

MILLICENT TURLE ROELKER, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.Roelker v. CommissionerDocket No. 81230.United States Board of Tax Appeals39 B.T.A. 967; 1939 BTA LEXIS 937; May 24, 1939, Promulgated 1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*937  1.  A trust company, in which petitioner held two blocks of stock acquired at different times, reduced its capital stock from 600,000 shares to 352,000 shares in connection with a plan of reorganization.  Petitioner exchanged her certificates for cash and new certificates based upon the reduced capital.  Held, that the old stock was exchanged for stock and money in pursuance of a plan of reorganization, under section 112(c)(1), Revenue Act of 1928.  2.  Prior to the taxable year the corporation changed its name and was transformed from a bank into a trust company under the laws of New York.  Held, that the corporate entity of the bank continued in the trust company, and that upon the exchange of old stock for new stock issued under the corporation's new name, the petitioner's basis for each lot of old stock did not merge into a single basis for her aggregate holdings.  Alfred Roelker, Esq., for the petitioner.  D. D. Smith, Esq., and L. H. Rushbrook, Esq., for the respondent.  DISNEY39 B.T.A. 967">*967  This proceeding involves the redetermination of a deficiency of $615.72 in income tax for 1931.  The issue is the amount of gain realized, if any, 1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*938  upon the surrender of stock in connection with a reorganization involving a reduction of the corporation's capital.  FINDINGS OF FACT.  :1) In February 1918 the petitioner acquired by gift from her husbond 103 shares of stock of the German-American Bank of New York, a state bank.  The stock had a basis of $140 per share, or $14,420.  In March 1918 the name of the corporation was changed to Continental Bank of New York.  In May 1929 the par value of the stock was reduced from $100 per share to $10 per share, and petitioner received 1,030 shares of the new stock in exchange for her old stock.  Later in the same month she purchased 1,030 shares of the new stock at a cost of $40 per share, or $41,200.  In July 1929 the corporation declared a 50 percent stock dividend and the petitioner received 1,030 additional shares to increase her holdings to 3,090 shares.  39 B.T.A. 967">*968  2) In November 1929 the Continental Bank of New York was transformed into a trust company under the name of Bank & Trust Co. of New York Thereafter the petitioner surrendered her two blocks of stock and received in exchange therefor certificates for 3,090 shares of stock issued under the new name of the corporation. 1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*939  :3) On July 31, 1931, the board of directors of the bank passed resolutions recommending merger of the bank with the Straus National Bank & Trust Co., hereinafter called Straus, the purchase of the International Trust Co. of New York, hereinafter called International, for execution of agreements accordingly, and, as a part of the program contemplated by the agreements, for the decrease of capital stock of the Bank to 352,000 shares and then increase to 400,000 shares.  :4) On July 31, 1931, in accordance with the resolutions of the directors the Bank entered into two contracts; one, denominated a merger agreement, with Straus, providing in general for merger of the Bank and Straus; the other, entered into by the Bank, Straus, and the Continental Corporation of New York, hereinafter called Continental Corporation, providing further as to the merger and the perticipation of the Continental Corporation therein.  The Continental Corporation was wholly owned, through trustees, by the stockholders of the Bank, their interest in the Continental Corporation being endorsed on their certificates of stock in the Bank.  :5) On August 6, 1931, the Bank entered into an Acquisition International, 1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*940  in general providing for acquisition of the commercial banking and trust business and certain other assets of International, to become effective at about the same time as the merger.  These contracts were stated to be subject to approval of stockholders.  :6) On August 8, 1931, the Bank issued notice to its stockholders of a special meeting to be held August 31, 1931, to consider and act upon the proposed merger with Straus, and participation of the Continental Corporation therein, the purchase from International, and, among other matters, the reduction in capital stock of the Bank from 600,000 shares to 352,000 shares and an increase from 352,000 shares to 400,000 shares, and therefrom the issuance of 28,000 shares to Straus and 20,000 shares to International, and all of the assets of the Bank in excess of its liabilities, other than capital, surplus, undivided profits and reserves, plus its capital contribution to the continuing £ merging] Trust Company appointment of a decrease and increase of the authorized capital of the Continental Corporation.  39 B.T.A. 967">*969  7) A circular letter accompanying the notice to stockholders, and explanatory thereof, outlined the proposed line1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*941  of action, stating, among other matters, that prior to the effective date of the merger the capital structure of the Bank and the Continental Corporation would be so altered that after the merger the Bank would have 400,000 shares of stock and the Continental Corporation the same number; that the Bank would contributed $9,500,000 to the capital structure of the Bank in the merger and $4,000,000 to the Continental Corporation; that Straus and International would each contribute $750,000 to the capital structure of the continuing Bank and $250,000 to the Continental Corporation; that the present stockholders of the Bank would receive 352,000 shares out of the 400,000 shares of capital stock of the continuing Bank :with beneficial ownership in a like number of shares of the Continental Corporation); that the shareholders of Straus would receive 28,000 shares of capital stock of the continuing Bank :with beneficial ownership in like number of shares of the Continental Corporation), while the stockholders of International would receive 20,000 shares of the capital stock of the continuing Bank :with beneficial ownership in a like number of shares of the Continental Corporation); and that: 1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*942  On completion of the plan contemplated, each present stockholder of the Continental Bank will for each share of stock now owned by him receive 63/100ths of a share of stock in the continuing bank together with a beneficial ownership of 63/100ths of a share of stock of the Continental Corporation, and $8.00 in cash upon the completion of the merger and, subject to liquidation of the remaining assets, approximately an additional $1.40 in cash at a later date.  The circular letter referred to the necessity of approval of the stockholders of this plan step would have been taken by the Bank.  :8) At a special meeting held on August 31, 1931, the stockholders.  by resolutions duly adopted, approved the plan set forth in the notice of August 8, 1931, and the merger with Straus in the manner provided for in the agreement of July 31, 1931.  Other resolutions passed at the meeting authorized, among other things, the decrease of the Bank's capital stock from 600,000 shares to 352,000 shares and increase to 400,000 shares, the shares to be of the par value of $10 each; also the same decrease and subsequent increase of the capital stock of the Continental Corporation, proportionately; the1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*943  appointment of F. H. Hornby as distributing agent of the Bank to distribute to its stockholders the proceeds derived from the liquidation of certain assets not to be retained by the Bank under the plan of reorganization and to purchase the assets of the Continental Corporation for $4,000,000 cash and assume its current liabilities, except in connection with the certain Broad Street property; the acquisition of the business of 39 B.T.A. 967">*970  International on the terms set forth in the agreement of August 6, 1931, the sale, as part of the plan, of 28,000 shares of Bank stock and a like number of shares of stock of Continental Corporation to Straus for the pro rata benefit of stockholders of Straus, and the sale of 20,000 shares of the Bank and Continental Corporation stock to International for the benefit of stockholders of International.  Other resolutions adopted were: FURTHER RESOLVED, that all of the assets of The Continental Bank & Trust Company of New York in excess of its liabilities other than capital, surplus, undivided profits and reserves, plus the sum of $9,500,000, plus the additional sum of $4,000,000.00 to be contributed to The Continental Corporation of New York, be liquidated1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*944  and the proceeds derived therefrom be distributed to the present stockholders of The Continental Bank & Trust Company of New York.  FURTHER RESOLVED, that 41,300 shares of stock of said Trust Company £ Bank] owned and contributed by the Continental Corporation of New York be cancelled on the effective date of the merger of the Straus National Bank & Trust Company of New York into the Continental Bank & Trust Company of New York.  All of the above propositions were separately voted upon and adopted by the same number of votes.  The substance of the resolutions adopted by the stockholders of the Bank had been, with other provisions to carry them into effect, incorporated in the agreements between the Bank, Straus, Continental Corporation, and International, which agreements were ratified and approved.  :9) On August 31, 1931, a certificate of reduction of capital stock in the Bank to 352,000 shares and increase to 400,000 shares was executed.  (10) Upon September 11, 1931, the certificate was approved by the Superintendent of Banks for New York, the approval being separately made as to decrease and as to increase in stock.  :11) On September 15, 1931, the certificate of increase1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*945  of stock and decrease of stock was filed and recorded in the office of the County Clerk of New York City.  :12) The terms of the agreements and resolutions were carried out.  On September 15, 1931, the Bank transferred to F. H. Hornby :as distributing agent), cash and other assets, including 6,667 shares of the Thirty Broad Street Corporation having a book value of $1,500,000, all of a total book value of $7,841,091.57.  The amount of cash received, $4,096,482.52, was deposited in an account with the Bank entitled transferred to Hornby represented capital stock of $2,480,000, paid-in surplus of $4,020,000, and earned surplus of $1,341,091.57, which includes $500,000 contributed by stockholders in 1929 and includes $109,215.11 upward adjustment for appreciation of securities, but is exclusive of $750,000 transferred to paid-in surplus and $250,000 transferred to capital stock after February 28, 1913.  The Bank had 39 B.T.A. 967">*971  earned surplus of $495,316.66 on January 1, 1913, and had earnings of $12,464.92 during 1913.  On the same day Hornby paid $4,000,000 of the cash to, and assumed liabilities, amounting to $1,404,982.38, of the Continental Corporation, receiving for the payment1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*946  and assumption, cash and other assets of a book value aggregating $4,479,191.98, including 11,110 shares of stock of the Thirty Broad Street Corporation, book value $2,500,000, and 43,000 shares of the Bank stock, book value $1,737,003.33.  He also sold to the Continental Corporation 17,777 shares of stock of the Thirty Broad Street Corporation, being the 6,667 shares received from the Bank and 11,110 shares received from Continental, for $4,000,000 cash, and canceled 41,300 shares of stock of the Bank.  All of these transactions were carried out pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement.  After these transactions had been completed, Hornby had cash of $4,118,790.57 and other assets entered in his books at a value of $1,128,197.10, a total of $5,246,987.67.  The assets other than cash were placed in a safe deposit box in the custody of Hornby as disbursing agent.  All of his accounts were kept separate from the accounts of the Bank.  :13) On September 16, 1931, the agreement between the Bank and International became effective, according to its terms.  :14) Petitioner had borrowed the funds to purchase the stock in the Bank from the Chase National Bank and the Lawyers Trust1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*947  Co.  The Chase National Bank held 1,500 shares and the Lawyers Trust Co. held 1,590 shares of her stock in the Bank, as security for her loan.  About September 17, 1931, petitioner made arrangements with the two pledges to send the certificates to the Bank for exchange, and this was done, and she received new certificates for 1,946.7 shares.  On September 18, 1931, Hornby, the distributing agent, issued to petitioner a check in the sum of $12,720, and upon September 19, 1931, issued to her another check in the sum of $12,000.  Each of these checks bears the notation of the Continental Bank & Trust Co. of N.Y. not retained by the continuing Trust Co. Agent. books under the heading & Trust Co. :15) The new stock had a fair market value on September 15, 1931, of $17.50 per share.  OPINION.  DISNEY: In his determination of the deficiency the respondent found that the petitioner exchanged 3,090 shares of stock, consisting of two blocks of 1,545 shares each, acquired at different times, for 1,946.7 shares of stock in the same corporation of the value of $42,340.73, 39 B.T.A. 967">*972  or $21.75 per share, and a cash dividend of $8 per share on 3,090 shares, a total of $24,720, pursuant to1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*948  a plan of reorganization under section 112:c):1) of the Revenue Act of 1928.  He allocated one-half of the value of the stock and cash received to each block of stock, and determining that petitioner had a basis of $14,420 for the first block and of $41,200 for the second block, determined that petitioner realized capital gain of $19,110.37 (limited to cash of $12,360 received) on the first block acquired and a capital loss of $7,669.63 on the second block.  Of the capital taxable gain of $12,360 on the first block of stock the respondent determined that $3,285.44, or $2.1265 per share on 1,545 shares, was taxable as a dividend under the provisions of section 112:c).  The loss was not recognized because of the provisions of section 112:e).  The petitioner argues that she received a return of capital in a partial liquidation of the Bank under section 115:h), 1 in an amount less than her investment, thereby merely reducing the basis for her stock under section 115:c).  She regards her stock as having a single basis of $55,620.  She also contends that the stock received had a fair market value of $17.50 per share and that no part of the cash received is taxable as a dividend.  1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*949  The petitioner admits that there was a merger of Straus and the Bank within the meaning of section 112:i):1):a) but expresses a doubt whether the acquisition by the Bank of the business of the International Trust Co. also resulted in a reorganization under the same provisions of the statute.  We hold that International participated in a reorganization.  There is nothing of record that the Bank did not acquire substantially all the properties of the International Trust Co.  In each case the transferor acquired a definite and substantial interest in the transferee.  Such transactions are within subdivision (A). ; . The reduction of the capital stock in the Bank was a recapitalization under section 112:i):1):c).  ; . Petitioner argues, however, that reorganization does not affect her position, for the reason that she exchanged nothing in connection therewith; that she received cash in partial liquidation of the Bank and new stock certificates in conformity with the reduction1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*950  in capital stock merely in lieu of the older certificates to represent the part of her stock not canceled by the recuction in capital stock and liquidation, which she contends was effective prior to and separate from the reorganization.  39 B.T.A. 967">*973  We have examined with care the facts involved.  They do in some ways bear out petitioner's theory; but in many others they contradict it.  The facts are not consistent with each other.  The evidence is contradictory as to the effective date of the liquidation, as to whether it was prior to merger or coincidental therewith.  The merger agreement between the Bank and Straus provides that the assets to be distributed to stockholders shall be transferred to the distributing agent as of the effective date of the merger, which is specifically stated to be the close of business on September 15, 1931, and that the assets distributed shall be valued as of the effective date of the merger.  Yet, the circular letter accompanying the notice to stockholders sent out August 8, 1931, states that the capital structure of the Bank will be altered prior to the effective date of the merger, while the contract between the Bank, Straus, and Continental Corporation1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*951  provides for reduction of capital of the Continental Corporation prior to the effective date of the merger, and that after such change of capitalization of Continental becomes effective all its assets shall be sold to the distributing agent.  This sale was, in fact, made on September 15, 1931.  The change in capitalization of the Bank :and Continental Corporation owned by the Bank's stockholders) took place prior to September 15, 1931, being voted August 31, and the certificate being executed August 31, approved by the Superintendent of Banks September 11, received in Albany, New York, September 13, and recorded in the office of the County Clerk in New York on September 15.  The transfer of assets to the distributing agent was made on September 15, before the completion of the merger.  Petitioner relies heavily upon these facts to demonstrate liquidation prior to and separate from the merger.  After reviewing in detail all of the intricate facts involved, we come to the conclusion, not wholly without hesitation, that petitioner has not shown such priority and separation of liquidation from merger.  True, the reduction of capital stock of the Bank and its associate, Continental Corporation, 1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*952  was prior to merger, in the sense that the reduction was voted, certified, and recorded prior thereto.  Yet, it has not been demonstrated that such reduction became, in fact, effective prior to actual exchange of stock in accordance with the reduction.  We understand the actual decrease to be effected by the actual transfer in, and out, of stock under the New York statute under which the reduction here took place.  Op. Atty. Gen. :1896) 64.  Even if the recuction in capital stock were effective prior to merger, this would not answer our question, which is, of course, whether the liquidation is no essential part of the merger.  It must be an essential part thereof, and not merely connected in some way therewith, in order to have the effect for which respondent here contends, under 39 B.T.A. 967">*974  section 112:c):1) of the Revenue Act of 1928.  ; ; ; . Review of the complicated facts here involved leads us to believe that the liquidation was such1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*953  essential element of the reorganization.  It is true that the contracts do not in express terms make the merger conditional or contingent upon liquidation, and it is plain that the participants intended to so reduce the capital of the Bank as to put only a portion of its assets into the merger.  Yet, it is obvious that the liquidation enters intimately into the plan.  In the first place, the resolution of the board of directors of the Bank on July 31, 1931, recommended, :with Straus and International) that the capital be decreased to 352,000 shares and then increased to 400,000 shares.  Again, the notice to stockholders, the accompanying explanatory letter, and the action taken at the stockholders' meeting on August 31, 1931, recite the liquidation as only one item of several, i.e., the contracts, the proposed merger, reduction and increase of capital stock, sale of new stock to Straus and International, and purchase of assets of the Continental Corporation for $4,000,000.  These matters, proposed in the same notice, discussed in the same letter, voted on in the same meeting, and all therein adopted by the same number of votes, can not easily be separated, but appear as parts of a1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*954  single plan, of reorganization.  Indeed, the circular letter, after extensive recitation of the above matters, recites of this plan * * *. Straus, and the Continental Corporation provides for sale of all assets of the Continental Corporation to by the Trust Company £ in this opinion referred to as the Bank] pursuant to the provisions of said merger agreement. Agreement conditions of said merger and the mode of carrying the same into effect shall be as follows and in paragraph by the distributing agent to the stockholders of the Bank of all its assets in excess of those of a value as of the effective date of the merger, equivalent to liabilities other than capital, surplus, undivided profits, and reserves, plus $9,500,000.  Thus specifically paragraphed and numbered as one of the and the mode of carrying same into effect can not be said to be no essential part of the merger.  Moreover, it is to be noted that the distributing agent acted not merely in distributing assets in partial liquidation to stockholders, but 39 B.T.A. 967">*975  he received assets of much greater value than those distributed, and used such assets in dealing with the Continental Corporation.  He received assets of $7,841,091.57, 1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*955  including cash of $4,016,482.52.  There was paid to the Continental Corporation $4,000,000 for assets belonging to it.  He sold certain assets to the Continental Corporation for $4,000,000.  He paid $8 per share to holders of 558,700 shares of stock in the Bank, or $4,469,600.  Since the stockholders were to receive only about $1.40 per share in addition, or about $782,180, or a total of $5,251,780, it is obvious that the distributing agent, receiving $7,841,091.57, received large assets for disposition other than to the old stockholders of the Bank, and in connection with the merger.  In addition, the circular letter accompanying the notice to stockholders not only refers to to the merger already therein recited), but states that completion of the plan contemplated, each present stockholder of the Continental Bank will for each share of stock now owned by him receive 63/100ths of a share of stock in the continuing bank together with a beneficial ownership of 63/100ths of a share of stock of the Continental Corporation, and $8.00 in cash upon the completion of the merger and, subject to liquidation of the remaining assets, approximately an additional $1.40 in cash at a later date. 1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*956  received in stock 1,946.7 shares, which is 63/100ths of her former 3,090 shares - and the $24,720 is $8 per share on the 3,090 former shares - as stated on the checks received by her.  The cash and stock were to be received and were received contemplated. until completion of the merger, and that under all the circumstances, the old stock was exchanged for new stock in the Bank, certificates of beneficial ownership of new stock in the Continental Corporation, and money, under section 112:c):1) of the Revenue Act of 1928.  The decrease in capital stock and partial liquidation of the assets of the Bank, though plainly intended as such partial liquidation and duly effected, can not, in our opinion, in the face of all of the facts above recited, be viewed as an integer so separate from the reorganization as not to be considered therewith for the purposes of the revenue act.  We have considered Kelly v. Commissioner, 97 Fed.:2d) 915, but find that, though the question of liquidation entered therein, that of application to a concurrent and closely connected admitted reorganization did not.  It therefore is not of material assistance here.  1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*957 , does involve the question of reorganization, but the element attempted to be considered as a part thereof was a sale of stock, not a distribution in liquidation as here.  Though the court does not neglect 39 B.T.A. 967">*976  the question of whether there was one transaction, or two, involved :as herein), the decision is based in the main upon the fact that in a literal sense a sale was, in terms, made and that the statute, section 203(b)(1)(4) of the Act of 1926, refers to an "exchange" of stock, and not to sale.  Also, the court finds that the sale was we can not find herein.  The case, therefore, is not deemed determinative here.  We believe, rather, that the liquidation is an essential part of the whole plan of reorganization within the thought and scope of Helvering v. Elkhorn Coal Co., 95 Fed.:2d) 732; Helvering v.MinnesotaTea Co., 89 Fed.:2d) 711; Starr v. Commissioner, 82 Fed.:2d) 964; Thurber v. Commissioner, 84 Fed.:2d) 815; Ahles Realty Corporationv. Commissioner, 71 Fed.:2d) 150; West Texas Refining & Development Co. v. Commissioner, 68 Fed.:2d) 77.  1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*958  We conclude and hold, therefore, that petitioner's stock was exchanged for stock and money in pursuance of the plan of reorganization, within the purview of section 112:c):1) of the Revenue Act of 1928.  On the question of the amount of taxable income realized, the parties disagree on three points - first, the fair market value of the new stock; second, whether, as the respondent contends, we should allocate the fair market value of the stock and cash received in the exchange equally to two blocks of stock, each with a separate basis, or, as the petitioner contends, compute the profit on the basis of an exchange of a single block of stock acquired in 1929; and, third, whether any part of the cash received is taxable as a dividend.  1.  The Bank's stock was an unlisted security.  The respondent's value of $21.75 per share is the mean of the bid and asked prices for the stock on September 15, 1931, listed in the Wall Street Journal as counter market quotations, but such prices were quotations upon the old stock, there being no quoted price for the new stock prior to September 21, 1931.  We are not concerned with the value of the old stock at any time.  On september 21, 1931, the1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*959  same publication shows the prices of the new stock to be 16 1/2 bid, 18 1/2 asked, a mean of $17.50.  From this evidence we find that the stock had a fair market value at the time received by the petitioner of $17.50 per share.  2.  As to the second point the petitioner contends that the exchange in 1929 of stock issued in the name of the Continental Bank of New York for stock in the name of the Continental Bank & Trust Co. of New York, share for share, resulted in the receipt of stock in a new corporation in a nontaxable reorganization and that the stock so received does not represent property acquired at different times at different prices.  The respondent argues that the Continental Bank of New York merely changed its name, and consequently petitioner 39 B.T.A. 967">*977  received nothing more for her old stock than a like number of shares issued in the new name of the corporation.  We agree with the respondent.  The Bank was organized and operated as a bank until 1929, when it followed the procedure set out in section 138 of the Banking Law of New York, as amended by chapter 10 of the 1923 Laws, to become a trust company.  It does not appear that section 138 has ever been interpreted1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*960  by the courts.  It provides that when the trust company comes into existence all property and rights of the bank: * * * shall immediately by act of law and without any conveyance or transfer, and without any further act or deed, be vested in and become the property of such trust company, which shall have, hold, and enjoy the same in its own right as fully and to the same extent as the same was possessed, held and enjoyed by said bank; and such trust company shall be deemed to be a continuance of the entity and of the identity of said bank operated under and pursuant to the laws of this State, and all the rights, obligations and relations of said bank to or in respect of any person, estate, creditor, depositor, trustee or beneficiary of any trust and in or in respect to any executorship or trusteeship or other trustee or fiduciary function, shall remain unimpuaired, and such trust company as of said beginning of its corporate existence shall by operation of this section succeed to all such rights, obligations, relations and trusts, and the duties and liabilities connected therewith, and shall exeecute and perform each and every such trust or relation in the same manner as if said1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*961  trust company had itself assumed the trust or relation, including the obligations and liabilities connected therewith.  Other statutes of the State of New York provide for merger of trust companies and they have been construed to mean that a merged corporation does not continue to exist as a part of the merging corporation but remains a corporation with the sole power of being sued and defending causes of action alleged to exist against it at the time of the merger.  ; ; ; . However, the statute relating to mergers does not apply when a bank is transformed into a trust company, that situation plainly being covered by section 138. Federal statutes provide that when a state banking institution is merged with a national bank each of the constituent banks and national banking associations participating in such consolidation shall be merged into and continue in the consolidated national banking association and the consolidated association shall be deemed to be the same corporation as each of the constituent institutions in contravention1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*962  of the law of the State under which such bank is incorporated. has been construed to mean that in the absence of a state statute to the contrary, 39 B.T.A. 967">*978  is not lost, but continues, in spite of the fact that it gives up one charter and takes another * * *. . To the same effect are ; ; Poisson v. Williams, 15 Fed.:2d) 582. In , we held that upon the merger of two trust companies under the laws of New York, the corporate existence of the merged institution is not extinguished to the extent of acquiring a right to deduct organization expenses as a loss.  The transformation of the Bank into a trust company did not involve the acquisition of new assets, alteration of capital structure, or new stockholders.  The effect of change was merely an alteration of powers with no loss of assets or increase of liabilities.  To hold that a corporation separate and distinct from the banking institution came into existence would require us to ignore the1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*963  plain statutory declaration that when a banking institution changes into a trust company the former's entity and identity shall continue.  No rule called to our attention or within our knowledge compels such a conclusion.  Accordingly we hold that the certificates which the petitioner received in 1929 in the name of the Continental Bank & Trust Co. for stock issued in the name of the Continental Bank of New York, share for share, were not for stock of a different corporation.  One-half of the reissued certificates continued to have a basis of $14,420 and the other half a basis of $41,200.  ; affd., 88 Fed.:2d) 616; ; affd., 76 Fed.:2d) 670; . 3.  As to the third point, whether cash received was taxable as dividend: Respondent regards petitioner as receiving for her old stock, new stock and certain cash, which cash, to the extent that it was paid from earnings since February 28, 1913, he treats as taxable as a dividend.  We have above concluded that stock and cash were in fact received ratably for the old stock pursuant to a plan of reorganization. 1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*964  Therefore, to any extent that the cash was paid from earnings accumulated since February 28, 1913, the cash received by petitioner should be taxed as dividend.  The burden is upon the petitioner to demonstrate that it was not so paid, the respondent having determined it to be taxable as dividend.  The petitioner admits that there were earnings since February 28, 1913, in the amount of $1,343,679.43.  This amount is more than sufficient to cover the amount considered by the Commissioner as taxable, since he calculates a taxable dividend of $2.1265 per share, 558,700 shares participated, and the amount involved would therefore be $1,188,075.55.  Has petitioner demonstrated that this amount of earnings was not distributed?  That amount, and in excess of that amount, in fact, 39 B.T.A. 967">*979  was distributed.  Was it distributed from the earnings since February 28, 1913?  To demonstrate that it was not, petitioner contends only that the earnings were dissipated by a loss taken by the distributing agent of $1,668,313.50 by canceling 41,300 shares of Bank stock at about $40 per share, and a further loss of $925,790.40 incurred in the distributing agent's purchase from Continental, for $4,000,000, 1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*965  of net assets worth only $3,074,209.60 :assets received $4,479,191.98, less liabilities assumed $1,404,982.38).  If these alleged losses are to be deducted from the earnings since February 28, 1913, none were left for a distribution taxable as dividend, and the distribution actually made to the stockholders, including petitioner, was from other funds, that is, from capital and paid-in surplus, since the evidence shows that the distributing agent received only the three items, capital, paid-in surplus, and earned surplus.  We think petitioner has not demonstrated that the two losses contended for by her were from earned surplus.  The cancellation of the stock on the effective date of the merger had been directed by the stockholders of the Bank by resolution on August 31, 1931, and the distributing agent therefore appears, in canceling the stock, merely to have acted as the agent of the bank for that particular purpose, and not in his capacity as distributor.  In canceling the stock, he distributed nothing.  The mere cancellation of the stock resulted in no loss to him as distributor.  In any event, to the extent of its par value, $413,000, any such loss would be charged to capital and1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*966  not earned surplus.  The stockholders of the Bank had voted to make a contribution of $4,000,000 to Continental.  At the meeting of the board of directors of the Bank on July 31 ,1931, the president had explained that the capital structure of the Continental would be altered by reduction to 352,000 shares and that a surplus of $2,500,000 was to be provided for Continental.  The loss taken by the Bank in the purchase and cancellation of the stock was gain, in the same amount, to Continental, and in that way was a contribution by the Bank to Continental, plainly in accord with the intent to alter the capital structure of Continental, as well as the Bank.  Capital, paid-in surplus, and earned surplus, of the Bank in a total sum of $7,841,091.57, were available for that purpose and the other purpose, i.e., distribution.  There is no presumption that the earned surplus was dissipated in making the contribution to Continental, and, in the light of the intent to change capital structure and at the same time to make a distribution, it appears more reasonable to believe that the contribution was from capital or paid-in surplus, rather than an invasion of the earned surplus funds necessary to1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*967  make the distribution.  At any rate, respondent's treatment amounts to a determination that the distribution was from earned 39 B.T.A. 967">*980  surplus, and we think petitioner has failed to show otherwise as to the cancellation of stock.  The same considerations apply to the loss taken in the transfer of assets of Continental valued at $3,074,209.60 for $4,000,000.  This was gain to Continental, a part of the contribution by the Bank to it, with nothing to show that earned surplus instead of paid-in surplus or capital should be charged with the loss.  These matters were represented by bookkeeping entries on, or as of, September 15, 1931.  No actual payment from earned surplus, by check or otherwise, is shown.  Though $4,000,000 was the consideration to Continental for assets of only $3,074,209.60, on the same day $4,000,000 is the consideration from Continental for the stock of the 30 Broad Street Corporation.  Moreover, the figure as to earned surplus, considered by petitioner, and admitted by her as received by the distributing agent in the amount of $1,343,697.43, is based upon the balance in the Bank's earned surplus account as of September 15, 1931, with necessary adjustments for1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*968  earnings prior to March 1, 1913, transfers from the account to capital and paid-in surplus, and contributions by stockholders to earned surplus.  The book entry is evidential of the Bank's earnings, but not conclusive. . We recently held that, under the circumstances prevailing in the proceeding, book figures submitted as evidence of lack of worthlessness of stock were sufficient to shift the burden of proof.  . Here the respondent has made a determination that upon the completion of the transaction with the Continental Corporation and the cancellation of 41,300 shares of Bank stock, the distributing agent had in his possession, and actually distributed to the Bank's stockholders, earnings since February 28, 1913, in the amount of $1,188,075.55.  This finding of the respondent is presumed to be correct.  Nothing appears of record that the respondent did not take the dealings of the distributing agent in liquidating assets into consideration in arriving at his result.  The figure submitted by the petitioner as correct contains an upward adjustment of earned surplus for appreciation1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*969  of $109,215.11 in the value of certain assets transferred to the distributing agent.  This adjustment, contrary to the prevailing rule in such matters, Elton Hoyt, 2nd,, casts considerable doubt upon whether the balance in the account, which we are asked by the petitioner to accept as correct, refiects the true earnings of the Bank since February 28, 1913.  For instance, as the Bank regarded unrealized appreciation in the value of amounts as requiring a write-up in earned surplus, the account may, if the theory was consistently carried out, contain adjustments for depreciation in value of assets during prior years.  For aught we know, the account 39 B.T.A. 967">*981  may reflect changes computed on other than cost.  See . We therefore think the book figure as to earned surplus is not sufficient basis for petitioner's contention.  From the record made, we find no error in respondent's determination that of the amount received by petitioner $3,285.44 is taxable as a dividend.  Petitioner also contends that she had no income because she immediately used same to discharge a purchase-money lien given for the price of1939 BTA LEXIS 937">*970  the stock involved.  Such contention is denied as obvious error.  Reviewed by the Board.  Decision will be entered under Rule 50.Footnotes1. :h) Definition of partial liquidation.↩ - As used in this section the term in partial liquidation or redemption of a part of its stock, or one of a series of distributions in complete cancellation or redemption of all or a portion of its stock.