Court Opinion

ID: 3196861
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-04-22 15:03:18.576732+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:37:09.823560
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
                                                                                        FILED
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                             Apr 22 2016, 6:44 am

this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                                   CLERK
regarded as precedent or cited before any                                          Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                                      Court of Appeals
                                                                                        and Tax Court
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
James R. Recker                                           Keith E. Rounder
Indianapolis, Indiana                                     Terrell, Baugh, Salmon & Born,
                                                          LLP
                                                          Evansville, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Genahol, LLC,                                             April 22, 2016
Genahol-Powers 1, LLC,                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
Appellants,                                               49A02-1508-PL-1187
                                                          Appeal from the Marion Superior
        v.                                                Court
                                                          The Honorable Gary L. Miller,
Earl Powers,                                              Judge
Powers Energy One of Indiana,                             Trial Court Cause No.
LLC,                                                      49D03-1412-PL-40483
Worldnet Capital 1, LLC,
Appellees.

Pyle, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1508-PL-1187 | April 22, 2016           Page 1 of 10
                                        Statement of the Case
[1]   Genahol, LLC and Genahol-Powers 1, LLC (collectively, “Genahol”) appeal

      the trial court’s order denying its motion to correct error, which was filed after

      the trial court granted a motion to dismiss without prejudice filed, pursuant to

      Trial Rule 75(B)(3), by Earl Powers (“Powers”), Powers Energy One of

      Indiana, LLC (“Powers Energy”), and Worldnet Capital 1, LLC (“Worldnet”)

      (collectively, “the Defendants”). Genahol argues that the trial court’s dismissal

      order was erroneous and that the trial court should have ordered a change of

      venue rather than a dismissal. Because the trial court had already transferred

      venue of the case and Genahol failed to pay the venue transfer costs within the

      time required under Trial Rule 75(B)(2), the trial court did not err by dismissing

      the case without prejudice pursuant to Trial Rule 75(B)(3), which required such

      action by the trial court. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s order

      dismissing the case without prejudice.

[2]   We affirm.

                                                      Issue
              Whether the trial court abused its discretion by granting the
              Defendants’ motion to dismiss without prejudice pursuant to
              Indiana Trial Rule 75(B)(3).

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1508-PL-1187 | April 22, 2016   Page 2 of 10
                                                       Facts1
[3]   On December 5, 2014, Genahol filed, in Marion County, a “Complaint for

      Monetary and Exemplary Damages” against the Defendants.2 (App. 6). The

      complaint contained claims for breach of contract and fraud, among others.

      After receiving an enlargement of time, the Defendants filed their answer and

      affirmative defenses on February 18, 2015.

[4]   Shortly thereafter, on February 27, 2015, the Defendants filed a motion for

      change of venue pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 75. The Defendants argued

      that Vanderburgh County was the proper venue under Trial Rules 75(A)(1) and

      75(A)(4) because that was where Powers was a resident and where Powers

      Energy and Worldnet had their principle offices. On March 9, 2015, the trial

      court entered an order granting the Defendants’ motion for change of venue.3

      1
        We note that many of the pleadings contained in Genahol’s Appellant’s Appendix are not file stamped, and
      it appears that Genahol used its own copies of these pleadings when compiling its Appendix. Additionally,
      Genahol asserts that various orders are not contained in its Appellant’s Appendix, claiming that it never
      received a copy of the orders. We direct Genahol’s attention to Indiana Appellate Rule 50(A)(2)(f), which
      directs that an Appellant’s Appendix should contain copies of “pleading and other documents from the
      Clerk’s Record[.]” Thus, Genahol should have obtained all necessary pleadings and orders from the trial
      court clerk and then included those in its Appellant’s Appendix.
      We also note that Genahol’s Statement of Facts section is an exact repeat of its Statement of Case section.
      We direct Genahol to Appellate Rule 46(A)(6), which provides that the Statement of Facts section “need not
      repeat what is in the statement of the case.”
      2
       According to the complaint, Genahol, LLC is registered in Ohio, and Genahol-Powers, LLC is licensed in
      Indiana.
      3
        Genahol did not include a copy of this order in its Appellant’s Appendix. The Defendants, however,
      attached a copy of this order to the back of their Appellees’ Brief instead of filing it in an Appellees’
      Appendix. We direct the Defendants’ attention to Indiana Appellate Rule 50(A)(3), which provides that an
      Appellee may file an Appellee’s Appendix to include items relevant to appellate issues that are not contained
      in the Appellant’s Appendix.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1508-PL-1187 | April 22, 2016            Page 3 of 10
      Specifically, the trial court ordered the case to be transferred to Vanderburgh

      County, and it ordered Genahol to pay all the required transfer fees. Pursuant

      to Trial Rule 75(B)(2), Genahol was required, “within twenty (20) days, [to]

      pay such costs as are chargeable upon a change of venue.”

[5]   A few days after the trial court had entered its order, Genahol filed a response

      to the Defendants’ venue motion, arguing that Marion County was a proper

      venue because it was where the contract at issue was signed. On March 20,

      2015, Genahol then filed a motion to reconsider, requesting the trial court to

      reconsider its order granting the Defendant’s change of venue motion. Genahol

      raised a procedural argument only, asserting that the trial court should not have

      entered an order on the Defendants’ venue motion before giving Genahol a

      chance to respond or without holding a hearing on the venue motion. The

      motion was not ruled upon within five days; therefore, it was deemed denied. 4

[6]   Thereafter, on April 8, 2015, Genahol filed a motion to correct error, again

      challenging the procedural timing of the trial court’s order granting the change

      of venue motion. The trial court did not set the motion to correct error for a

      hearing nor did it enter an order addressing it.

      4
        See Ind. Trial Rule 53.4(B) (explaining that a motion to reconsider is “deemed denied” if not ruled upon
      within five days). Despite this “deemed denied” status, the trial court, on April 13, 2015, attempted to deny
      Genahol’s motion to reconsider by handwriting “denied” on Genahol’s proposed order in which it sought to
      have the trial court grant its motion to reconsider and to “vitiate[]” the “order of March 9th, 2015 granting a
      change of venue.” (App. 34). The following day, on April 14, 2015, the trial court clerk entered a
      chronological case summary (“CCS”) entry for this order and mistakenly indicated that the trial court had
      entered an “Order Denying Motion for Change of Venue.” (App. 3). A few days later, another CCS entry
      indicated that the April 14, 2015 entry was a clerical mistake and should be disregarded.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1508-PL-1187 | April 22, 2016              Page 4 of 10
[7]   On May 19, 2015, the trial court issued an order reassuming jurisdiction over

      the case. In its order, the trial court noted that it had “reviewed the file in this

      cause” and “determine[d] [that] the Defendants ha[d] failed to perfect their

      change of venue pursuant to the Indiana Trial Rules[.]” (App. 35).

[8]   The following day, the Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the action without

      prejudice pursuant to Trial Rule 75(B). The Defendants argued that—under

      Trial Rule 75(B)(2)—Genahol had been required, within twenty days, to pay

      the costs to transfer venue of its case to Vanderburgh County and that—under

      Trial Rule 75(B)(3)—Genahol’s failure to pay the transfer costs required the

      trial court to dismiss Genahol’s case without prejudice.

[9]   On June 25, 2015, the trial court held a hearing on the Defendants’ motion to

      dismiss.5 During the hearing, the trial court also allowed Genahol to present its

      argument regarding the change of venue issue.6 On June 29, 2015, the trial

      court issued an order “dismissing [the] case for failure to perfect preferred

      venue[.]” (App. 4) (all capitalization removed). In its order granting the

      Defendants’ motion to dismiss, the trial court also reaffirmed its prior order on

      venue, noting that “the Marion Superior Court where the action was filed does

      5
        The CCS indicates that this hearing was initially scheduled as a hearing on a “Motion for 41E Dismissal[.]”
      (App. 3). At the beginning of the hearing, the Defendants’ counsel clarified that their motion to dismiss was
      filed pursuant to Trial Rule 75 and based on Genahol’s failure to pay the required fees to transfer venue of the
      its case.
      6
       Genahol presented a witness who testified that the parties signed a contract in Marion County, and it
      argued that Marion County was, therefore, the proper venue.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1508-PL-1187 | April 22, 2016              Page 5 of 10
       not meet preferred venue requirements and that Vanderburgh County has

       preferred venue and is authorized to decide the case.” (App. 47).

[10]   On July 27, 2015, Genahol filed a motion to correct error, contending that the

       trial court’s order erred by dismissing the case without prejudice. Genahol

       argued that the order would result in prejudice, even though it was ordered to

       be without prejudice, because Genahol would be required to file a new cause of

       action. It alleged that “the statute of limitations for their action will have run”

       and argued that, as a result, it would “mak[e] court action impossible[.]” (App.

       49). Genahol argued that it was “under no obligation to perfect a change of

       venue” because the trial court had reassumed jurisdiction and had entered

       orders in the case. Genahol contended that, instead of dismissing the case, the

       trial court should have transferred the case to Vanderburgh County and allowed

       Genahol “an opportunity to change venue within the time frame of Trial Rule

       75[.]” (App. 50) (emphasis in original).

[11]   On July 29, 2015, the Defendants filed a response to Genahol’s motion to

       correct error. The Defendants pointed out that the language of Trial Rule

       75(B)(3) was mandatory and required the trial court to dismiss the action

       without prejudice upon Genahol’s failure to pay to the transfer costs within

       twenty days of the order transferring venue, and it asserted that the trial court

       should deny Genahol’s request to “treat the dismissal provision under Ind. T.R.

       75(B)(3) as discretionary.” (App. 52).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1508-PL-1187 | April 22, 2016   Page 6 of 10
[12]   Thereafter, on August 3, 2015, the trial court denied Genahol’s motion to

       correct error.7 Genahol now appeal.

                                                      Decision
[13]   Genahol challenges the trial court’s order granting the Defendants’ motion to

       dismiss without prejudice pursuant to Trial Rule 75(B)(3), and it argues that the

       trial court abused its discretion by denying its motion to correct error.

[14]   On appeal, we review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to correct error for an

       abuse of discretion. Paragon Family Restaurant v. Bartolini, 799 N.E.2d 1048,

       1055 (Ind. 2003). We will reverse a trial court’s ruling on a motion to correct

       error “only where the trial court’s judgment is clearly against the logic and

       effect of the facts and circumstances before it or where the trial court errs on a

       matter of law.” Perkinson v. Perkinson, 989 N.E.2d 758, 761 (Ind. 2013).

[15]   Indiana Trial Rule 75(B) provides, in relevant part, that:

                  (1) Whenever a claim or proceeding is filed which should
                  properly have been filed in another court of this state, and proper
                  objection is made, the court in which such action is filed shall not
                  then dismiss the action, but shall order the action transferred to
                  the court in which it should have been filed.

                  (2) The person filing the action shall, within twenty (20) days,
                  pay such costs as are chargeable upon a change of venue and the
                  papers and records shall be certified to the court of transfer in like
                  manner as upon change of venue and the action shall be deemed

       7
           The trial court denied the motion by handwriting “denied” on Genahol’s proposed order. (App. 54).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1508-PL-1187 | April 22, 2016           Page 7 of 10
               commenced as of the date of filing the action in the original
               court.

               (3) If the party filing the action does not pay the costs of transfer
               within twenty (20) days of the order transferring venue, the
               original court shall dismiss the action without prejudice and shall
               order payment of reasonable attorney fees to the party making
               proper objection.

[16]   The crux of Genahol’s appellate challenge to the trial court’s order granting the

       Defendants’ motion to dismiss under Trial Rule 75(B)(3) is that the trial court

       should have “order[ed] the matter transferred” instead of dismissing the case

       without prejudice. (Genahol’s Br. 6). Genahol does not dispute the fact that it

       did not pay the transfer costs within twenty days of the trial court’s March 9,

       2015 venue order as was required by Trial Rule 75(B)(2). Instead, it offers an

       excuse for why it did not pay the costs of transferring the case to Vanderburgh

       County within twenty days. Specifically, Genahol contends that it

       “detrimentally relied upon [its belief] that they were under no obligation to

       perfect a change of venue where the court was still exercising jurisdiction . . .

       and while a ruling on a motion to correct errors was pending.” (Genahol’s Br.

       6).

[17]   We find Genahol’s excuse to be hollow, especially in light of the fact that its

       motion to correct error had not even been filed at the time that the transfer fees

       were due. Here, the Defendants filed a motion for change of venue pursuant to

       Indiana Trial Rule 75. On March 9, 2015, the trial court granted this motion

       and—pursuant to Trial Rule 75(B)(1)—ordered the case transferred to

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1508-PL-1187 | April 22, 2016   Page 8 of 10
       Vanderburgh County and—pursuant to Trial Rule 75(B)(2)—ordered Genahol

       to pay the costs associated with the change of venue. Because March 29, 2015

       was a Sunday, Genahol was required to pay the associated transfer fees by

       Monday March 30, 2015. Genahol, however, did not pay these costs within

       twenty days as required by Trial Rule 75(B)(2). Instead, on March 20, 2015,

       Genahol filed a motion to reconsider. However, the filing of this motion did

       not extend the date by which Genahol was required to pay the venue transfer

       costs. See T.R. 53.4(A) (explaining that a motion to reconsider “shall not . . .

       extend the time for any further required or permitted action, motion, or

       proceeding”). Then, on April 8, 2015, Genahol filed a motion to correct error.

       This motion was filed nine days after the date that Genahol was required to pay

       the venue transfer costs; thus, this motion was not pending during the relevant

       time period that Genahol had to pay the transfer costs.

[18]   Once a trial court grants a change of venue to another county, “the burden is

       upon the plaintiff or claimant to ascertain the costs associated with the transfer

       and pay them.” Ahmad v. Duncan, 732 N.E.2d 862, 865 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000),

       trans. denied. The language of Trial Rule 75(B)(3) unambiguously provides that,

       upon a plaintiff’s failure to pay the transfer costs within twenty days, a trial

       court “shall dismiss the action without prejudice[.]” Here, upon a motion filed

       by the Defendants, the trial court dismissed Genahol’s case without prejudice

       pursuant to this rule. Because the language of Trial Rule 75(B)(3) is

       mandatory, we affirm the trial court’s order, entered pursuant to Trial Rule

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1508-PL-1187 | April 22, 2016   Page 9 of 10
       75(B)(3), dismissing Genahol’s case without prejudice.8 See Daugherty v.

       Robinson Farms, Inc., 858 N.E.2d 192, 197 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006) (explaining that

       we apply rules of statutory construction when interpreting trial rules and that

       we “construe the word ‘shall’ as mandatory”), trans. denied.

[19]   Affirmed.

       Baker, J., and Bradford, J., concur.

       8
        Genahol also appears to suggest that the trial court erred by failing to hold a hearing on the Defendants’
       motion for change of venue prior to issuing an order on the motion. We decline to address this collateral
       attack to the trial court’s March 2015 change of venue order.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1508-PL-1187 | April 22, 2016            Page 10 of 10