Court Opinion

ID: 2675894
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-05-27 22:01:39.720472+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:10:04.224242
License: Public Domain

2014 IL App (1st) 123176

                                                                             SECOND DIVISION
                                                                                  May 27, 2014

No. 1-12-3176

DLJ MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC.,                         )        Appeal from the
                                                    )        Circuit Court of
       Plaintiff-Appellee,                          )        Cook County.
                                                    )
v.                                                  )        No. 06 CH 2321
                                                    )
CALVITA J. FREDERICK,                               )        Honorable
                                                    )        Darryl Simko,
       Defendant-Appellant.                         )        Judge Presiding.

       PRESIDING JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
       Justices Pierce and Liu concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                           OPINION

¶1     Defendant, Calvita J. Frederick, appeals the order of the circuit court granting summary

judgment in favor of plaintiff, DLJ Mortgage Capital, Inc. (DLJ), on plaintiff's foreclosure

complaint.   On appeal, Ms. Frederick challenges the merits of the foreclosure complaint rather

than the confirmation of sale pursuant to the Illinois Mortgage Foreclosure Law (735 ILCS

5/15-1507(c) (West 2010)) (Foreclosure Law).            She does not challenge the trial court's

determination that the sale proceeded properly.   For that and the following reasons, we affirm.

¶2                                      JURISDICTION

¶3     The trial court granted summary judgment and entered a judgment of foreclosure on

February 6, 2007.    On September 24, 2012, the trial court entered an order approving and

confirming the sale and order of possession.   Ms. Frederick filed a motion to vacate the order of

possession which was denied on October 23, 2012.         She filed her notice of appeal on October
No. 1-12-3176

24, 2012.   This court has jurisdiction pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rules 301 and 303

governing appeals from final judgments entered below.      Ill. S. Ct. R. 301 (eff. Feb. 1, 1994); R.

303 (eff. May 30, 2008).

¶4                                      BACKGROUND

¶5     DLJ filed a complaint to foreclose a mortgage against Ms. Frederick and other defendants

not pertinent in this appeal, on February 3, 2006.   In its complaint, DLJ alleged that it was the

legal holder or agent or nominee of the legal holder of the indebtedness and the owner or agent

or nominee of the mortgage given as security for the indebtedness.        The mortgage and note

were executed by American National Bank & Trust Company of Chicago, and the note was

endorsed in blank. On May 1, 2006, the trial court entered an order of default against Ms.

Frederick and a judgment of foreclosure and sale against all defendants.           Ms. Frederick's

attorney filed a motion to vacate the judgment of foreclosure and sale, and the trial court vacated

the judgment on June 7, 2006. On July 31, 2006, Ms. Frederick filed an answer to DLJ's

foreclosure complaint in which she stated that she has insufficient information and therefore

neither admits nor denies that DLJ is the legal holder, agent or nominee of the legal holder of the

indebtedness, or that DLJ is the owner or agent or nominee of the owner of the mortgage.

¶6     DLJ filed a motion for summary judgment and attached as support the supplemental

affidavit of Jeannelle Gray, along with a copy of the note indorsed in blank.       Gray's affidavit

stated in part that DLJ was the current holder and owner of the note and mortgage, that the 2004

assignment of the mortgage was to Fairbanks as servicing agent for DLJ, and the last payment

received was more than six years ago.    Ms. Frederick did not respond to the motion, nor did she

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No. 1-12-3176

submit affidavits to counter Gray's affidavit.        The trial court granted summary judgment in

favor of DLJ and entered a judgment of foreclosure and sale on February 6, 2007.

¶7      The sale was conducted on May 10, 2007, and the trial court entered an order approving

the sale on June 18, 2007.    That same day, Ms. Frederick filed a petition to vacate the sale and a

motion to disaffirm the sale.    In the motion to disaffirm, Ms. Frederick stated that she was the

mortgagor and DLJ was the proper holder of the mortgage.           The trial court vacated the order

approving the sale on September 11, 2007.

¶8      In November 2007, Ms. Frederick filed several actions for injunction and emergency

temporary restraining order in which she stated that DLJ was the holder of her mortgage.         The

trial court entered orders on the motions, no appeals were taken from the orders, and one of the

cases was removed to federal court.      Five years later, after the federal court proceedings had

terminated, Ms. Frederick filed an emergency motion to stay the sale, which the trial court

granted until June 7, 2012.     The sale proceeded on June 7, 2012 and DLJ emerged as the

successful bidder.   The trial court entered an order approving the report of sale and distribution,

confirming the sale and order of possession on September 24, 2012.          The order stated that all

notices required by statute were given, "said sale was fairly and properly made," the sale

"proceeded in accordance with the terms of" the court's judgment, and that "justice was done."

¶9      On October 23, 2012, Ms. Frederick filed a motion to vacate and/or modify the order of

possession, claiming that the sale was unconscionable because she allegedly received word that

the sale would not be proceeding on May 10, 2007, so she did not have someone at the sale

representing her.    Nothing in the record indicated the sale was being continued. Furthermore,

Ms. Frederick's right of redemption had passed.        The trial court denied the motion to disaffirm

the sale.   Ms. Frederick filed this timely appeal.

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¶ 10                                        ANALYSIS

¶ 11      On appeal, Ms. Frederick contends that this court should reverse the summary judgment

granted on the foreclosure complaint and vacate the sale, because DLJ had no standing to bring

the complaint in the first place.      She argues that the mortgage assignment was made to

Fairbanks and not to DLJ. 1      We must note that Ms. Frederick's right of redemption had passed

and the judicial sale took place on June 7, 2012. On DLJ's motion, the trial court approved and

confirmed the sale, and entered an order of possession on September 24, 2012.         Our supreme

court recently addressed the issue of challenging the merits of the underlying judgment of

foreclosure after the trial court's approval and confirmation of the sale in Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

v. McCluskey, 2013 IL 115469.

¶ 12    In McCluskey, the defendant filed a motion to vacate the default judgment 10 months

after the judgment of foreclosure, and after the holding of the judicial sale of the property.

McCluskey, 2013 IL 115469, ¶ 5.       In her motion, defendant alleged that plaintiff's affidavit in

support of foreclosure was insufficient and that plaintiff lacked standing to bring the foreclosure

suit.   Id.   Following a hearing, the trial court denied the motion to vacate.   It then entered an

order confirming the judicial sale and finding that all notices were given, the sale was fairly and

properly made, the sale proceeded in accordance with the court's judgment, and justice was done.

Defendant filed her notice of appeal in which she challenged the denial of her motion to vacate

1
  Ms. Frederick failed to include a transcript of the proceedings before the trial court, or a
bystanders report, or agreed statement of facts as required by Illinois Supreme Court Rule 323 (eff.
Dec. 13, 2005). "An issue relating to a circuit court's factual findings and basis for its legal
conclusions obviously cannot be reviewed absent a report or record of the proceeding." (Internal
quotation marks omitted.) In re Marriage of Gulla, 234 Ill. 2d 414, 422 (2009). Without a record
of the proceeding, we must presume that the court below had a sufficient factual basis for its
determination and that it conforms with the law. Foutch v. O'Bryant, 99 Ill. 2d 389, 391-92
(1984). We address her contentions on appeal under this limitation.

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No. 1-12-3176

the default judgment.      She did not, however, challenge the order confirming the sale of the

property.   Id. at ¶ 6.

¶ 13   Our supreme court determined that to allow a party to challenge a default judgment

through a motion to vacate, after the judicial sale has taken place, is inconsistent with the

procedures set forth in the Foreclosure Law.       Id. ¶ 25.   The court cited to Mortgage Electronic

Registration Systems, Inc. v. Barnes, 406 Ill. App. 3d 1, 4-5 (2010), in which this court held that

the Foreclosure Law takes precedence over any inconsistent statutory provisions.

¶ 14   In making this determination, the supreme court examined the procedures under the

Foreclosure Law.      The Foreclosure Law sets forth "a carefully crafted procedural process" that

balances the interests of the lender with the competing interests of the borrower.         McCluskey,

2013 IL 115469, ¶ 24.           Each step of the foreclosure process terminates legal and equitable

interests in the property while also providing protections to the borrower's equity in the property,

including an allotted time for reinstatement of the mortgage, equitable and statutory rights of

redemption and notice of judicial sale.       When the trial court enters a judgment of foreclosure,

the process "culminates in the confirmation of [the] sale and possession of the property." Id.

¶ 15   "Under the Foreclosure Law, after a judicial sale and a motion to confirm the sale has

been filed, the court's discretion to vacate the sale is governed by the mandatory provisions of

section 15-1508(b)."      Id.    Section 15-1508(b) states that the court shall confirm the sale unless

it finds that (1) proper notice was not given; (2) terms of the sale were unconscionable; (3) the

sale was conducted fraudulently; or (4) justice was otherwise not done.        735 ILCS 5/15-1508(b)

(West 2010).    The supreme court noted that section 15-1508(b) did not expressly define what

constitutes an injustice, but the court reasoned that the section appeared "to merely codify the

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No. 1-12-3176

long-standing discretion of the courts of equity to refuse to confirm a judicial sale."

McCluskey, 2013 IL 115469, ¶ 19.

¶ 16    After a motion to confirm the sale has been filed, "the court has discretion to see that

justice has been done, but the balance of interests has shifted between the parties." Id. ¶ 25.

Therefore, it is not sufficient at this stage of the process "to merely raise a meritorious defense to

the" underlying foreclosure complaint. Id. ¶ 26.        Our supreme court held that "after a motion

to confirm the judicial sale has been filed, a borrower seeking to set aside a default judgment of

foreclosure may only do so by filing objections to the confirmation of the sale under the

provisions of section 15-1508(b)."    Id. ¶ 27.   Therefore, "a party seeking to set aside the sale at

that point is limited to the three specified grounds related to defects in the sale proceedings, or to

the fourth ground, that "justice was otherwise not done." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id.

¶ 18.   To show that justice was not otherwise done, a party must establish that the lender,

through fraud or misrepresentation, prevented the borrower from raising the meritorious defense

to the complaint, or the borrower was otherwise prevented from protecting his property interests.

Id. ¶ 25.   The court reasoned that to hold otherwise would be inconsistent with the need for

stability in the process and "would allow the borrower to circumvent the time limitations for

redemption and reinstatement." Id.

¶ 17    Here, Ms. Frederick alleged in her motion to disaffirm the sale that the sale was

unconscionable because she believed she was misled about the date of the sale.             However,

nothing in the record shows that the sale was to take place at another date, or that Ms. Frederick

was misled into thinking that the sale was to be continued.       Furthermore, as discussed above,

we have no record of the proceedings before the trial court.              Without a record of the

proceedings, we must presume that the court below had a sufficient factual basis for its

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No. 1-12-3176

determination and that it conforms with the law. Foutch v. O'Bryant, 99 Ill. 2d 389, 391-92

(1984).

¶ 18      More importantly, on appeal Ms. Frederick does not challenge the trial court's

determination that the sale proceeded properly. Instead, she argues that DLJ had no standing to

bring the foreclosure complaint in the first place. Ms. Frederick's redemption period has passed,

the judicial sale has taken place, and the trial court confirmed the sale upon a motion filed by DLJ.

As our supreme court held in McCluskey, a party seeking to set aside the sale at this point "is

limited to the three specified grounds related to defects in the sale proceedings," or to allege that

justice was otherwise not done. McCluskey, 2013 IL 115469, ¶ 18. As to the three grounds, the

trial court below found that all notices required by statute were given, "said sale was fairly and

properly made," the sale "proceeded in accordance with the terms of" the court's judgment, and

that "justice was done."      Rather than challenge the order confirming the sale on appeal, or

allege fraud, Ms. Frederick instead raises an allegedly meritorious defense to the underlying

foreclosure judgment.      Such an argument is insufficient once the trial court enters an order

confirming the judicial sale.    See Id. ¶¶ 26-27.   Therefore, the trial court's order approving and

confirming the sale, as well as the underlying judgment of foreclosure, will stand.

¶ 19      For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.

¶ 20      Affirmed.

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