Court Opinion

ID: 9389489
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-25 18:01:50.381668+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:27.837745
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                          FILED
                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 25 2023
                                                                     MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

FERNANDO TORRES MORALES,                        No. 22-569

              Petitioner,                       Agency No.       A063-257-176

  v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, U.S. Attorney
General,

              Respondent.

                   On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                       Board of Immigration Appeals

                            Submitted April 21, 2023**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: WARDLAW and KOH, Circuit Judges, and MCMAHON,*** District
Judge.

       Fernando Torres Morales, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions this

court for review of the dismissal by the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”)

of his appeal of the decision by the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) ordering him

       *
            This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not
precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
       **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
       ***
             The Honorable Colleen McMahon, United States District Judge for
the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, sitting by
designation.
removed from the United States. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252,

and we deny the petition in part and grant and remand in part.

      1.     We review Torres Morales’s due process challenges de novo.

Chavez-Reyes v. Holder, 741 F.3d 1, 3 (9th Cir. 2014). “When a petitioner does

not waive the right to counsel, ‘IJs must provide [the petitioner] with reasonable

time to locate counsel and permit counsel to prepare for the hearing.” Arrey v.

Barr, 916 F.3d 1149, 1158 (9th Cir. 2019) (quoting Biwot v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d

1094, 1098–99 (9th Cir. 2005)). The inquiry into whether the time provided

was reasonable is highly fact specific, and we consider:

             the realistic time necessary to obtain counsel; the time
             frame of the requests for counsel; the number of
             continuances; any barriers that frustrated a petitioner’s
             efforts to obtain counsel, such as being incarcerated or
             an inability to speak English; and whether the
             petitioner appears to be delaying in bad faith.

 Biwot, 403 F.3d at 1099.

      The IJ granted two continuances, one of which was to allow service of

Torres Morales’s Notice to Appear (“NTA”) and the other to allow time to find

counsel. These continuances totaled 21 business days. Torres Morales was

detained and is not proficient in English, two facts that we have consistently

recognized frustrate a noncitizen’s ability to obtain counsel. See Usubakunov v.

Garland, 16 F.4th 1299, 1305 (9th Cir. 2021). Moreover, the record

demonstrates that Torres Morales was not delaying in bad faith: he reported to

the IJ at his final hearing that he had successfully obtained a criminal attorney

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but had not yet found an immigration attorney. In fact, Torres Morales was

eventually successful in obtaining an immigration attorney as evidenced by the

fact that he was represented before the BIA. Considering the factual

circumstances of this case, we hold that the IJ’s denial of a continuance was

error that violated Torres Morales’s right to counsel.1 See Usubakunov, 16

F.4th at 1305–06 (finding the right to counsel violated where petitioner was

detained and did not speak English, there was evidence that the petitioner was

not delaying in bad faith, and the IJ granted four continuances over six months);

Biwot, 403 F.3d at 1099 (finding the right to counsel violated where petitioner

was detained, had basic English skills, and was diligent in his efforts to obtain

counsel and was granted two continuances for a total of five business days).

      2.     Torres Morales’s due process challenge to the IJ’s admission of

supporting documents from the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”)

fails because he has failed to show prejudice. “Substantial prejudice is

established when ‘the outcome of the proceeding may have been affected by the

alleged violation.’” Grigoryan v. Barr, 959 F.3d 1233, 1240 (9th Cir. 2020)

1
 The government argues that remand is unnecessary because Torres Morales
has failed to show prejudice. However, a noncitizen who has been denied
counsel need not show prejudice. See Montes-Lopez v. Holder, 694 F.3d 1085,
1093–94 (9th Cir. 2012). The government’s reliance on Gomez-Velazco v.
Sessions, 879 F.3d 989 (9th Cir. 2018), is misplaced. Unlike Gomez-Velazco,
Torres Morales was denied counsel at the final stage of his removal proceeding,
and thus his attorney had no opportunity to “remedy any damage done by [the]
client’s un-counseled admissions or waivers.” Zuniga v. Barr, 946 F.3d 464,
471 n.10 (9th Cir. 2019) (quoting Gomez-Velazco, 879 F.3d at 944)).

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(quoting Colmenar v. I.N.S., 210 F.3d 967, 971 (9th Cir. 2000)). Torres

Morales admitted each of the factual allegations in his NTA, and the IJ found

that DHS’s supporting documents were “simply corroborative of his testimony.”

Because Torres Morales does not contest his removability and admitted all

factual allegations in his NTA, no further evidence was necessary, and the IJ’s

admission of DHS’s supporting documents would not have affected the

outcome of the proceeding. See Perez-Mejia v. Holder, 663 F.3d 403, 414 (9th

Cir. 2011).

      3.      The IJ did not err in failing to advise Torres Morales about his

apparent eligibility to apply for withholding of removal and CAT relief or in

failing to ask follow-up questions about his fear of persecution or torture. The

IJ asked, “[A]re you afraid of anyone in Mexico would harm you or torture

you?” Torres Morales responded, “Well I’m afraid to go back to Mexico

because of the way that the current situation is with the crime and everything,

but for me to be specifically afraid like for somebody to come and kill me, no.”

Torres Morales has failed to raise a reasonable possibility that he is eligible for

withholding or relief under CAT, which would normally trigger the IJ’s

obligation to advise him about his apparent eligibility for withholding or CAT

relief. See C.J.L.G. v. Barr, 923 F.3d 622, 626 (9th Cir. 2019) (en banc).

Moreover, once Torres Morales testified that he did not have a specific fear of

harm, the IJ did not need to develop the record further because this testimony

established that there is no basis for relief. See Zamorano v. Garland, 2 F.4th

                                         4
1213, 1226 (9th Cir. 2021) (holding that, once a petitioner stated that he did not

“know how to start a life in a new country,” the IJ was not required to develop

the record further because petitioner’s “testimony established that there was no

basis for [relief]”).

       4.     The BIA abused its discretion in denying administrative closure.2

The BIA found that Torres Morales “is not contesting or challenging the nature,

validity, or finality of his criminal conviction rendering him removable from the

United States.” However, the BIA has held that a noncitizen challenges the

validity of his underlying petition when the appeal or post-conviction relief

“relates to the issue of guilt or innocence or concerns a substantive defect in the

criminal proceedings.” Matter of J.M. Acosta, 27 I. & N. Dec. 420, 432 (BIA

2018); see also Matter of Conde, 27 I. & N. Dec. 251, 255 (BIA 2018) (“[W]e

consider convictions that have been vacated based on procedural and

substantive defects in the underlying criminal proceedings as no longer valid for

immigration purposes.”). Torres Morales’s state habeas petition challenges his

criminal conviction based on ineffective assistance of counsel. Under the BIA’s

precedent, this is a challenge to the validity of Torres Morales’s conviction. See

2
  The government argues that we do not have jurisdiction over this question
because Torres Morales’s removal order was based on his aggravated felony.
See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(C). However, we are not deprived of jurisdiction
over “a procedural motion that rests on a ground independent of the conviction
that triggers the bar.” See Garcia v. Lynch, 798 F.3d 876, 881 (9th Cir. 2015).
To the extent that the government argues that this rule is clearly irreconcilable
with Nasrallah v. Barr, 140 S. Ct. 1683 (2020), that case did not decide how the
jurisdiction-stripping provision applies to procedural motions. See id. at 1688.

                                         5
Matter of J.M. Acosta, 27 I. & N. Dec. at 432; Matter of Conde, 27 I. & N. Dec.

at 255. Because the BIA’s denial of administrative closure relied in part on this

erroneous application of its precedent, we remand to the BIA for

reconsideration of Torres Morales administrative closure request. 3

PETITION DENIED in part and GRANTED and REMANDED in part.4

3
  Because our review is limited to the administrative record, Torres Morales’s
motion for judicial notice of records related to his state habeas petition, Dkt. 34,
is DENIED. See Fisher v. I.N.S., 79 F.3d 955, 963 (9th Cir. 1996) (en banc).
4
  Torres Morales’s motion to stay removal, Dkts. 3, 11, is DENIED. The
temporary stay of removal remains in effect until the mandate issues.

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