Court Opinion

ID: 9966030
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-05-03 20:09:50.163014+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:24:49.187106
License: Public Domain

Rivera v 31 W. 27th St. Prop. Invs. IV, LLC
               2024 NY Slip Op 31530(U)
                     April 30, 2024
           Supreme Court, New York County
        Docket Number: Index No. 159581/2019
                  Judge: Paul A. Goetz
Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip
 Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York
 State and local government sources, including the New
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 This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official
                       publication.
                                                                                                                          INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                                              RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

                                   SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
                                             NEW YORK COUNTY
            PRESENT:             HON. PAUL A. GOETZ                                                  PART                                47
                                                                                       Justice
            ----------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------X      INDEX NO.           159581/2019
             MIL TON RIVERA,
                                                                                                                          07/10/2023,
                                                                                                     MOTION DATE          07/10/2023
                                                         Plaintiff,

                                                 - V -
                                                                                                     MOTION SEQ. NO. _ _0_05_00_5_ _

             31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY INVESTORS IV, LLC,
                                                                                                       DECISION + ORDER ON
                                                         Defendants.
                                                                                                             MOTION

            ------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------X

             31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY INVESTORS IV, LLC                                                       Third-Party
                                                                                                            Index No. 596028/2020
                                                          Plaintiff,

                                                  -against-

             VANQUISH GROUP INC., NYC BUILDING SERVICES, INC.

                                                          Defendants.
             -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X

             31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY INVESTORS IV, LLC                                                   Second Third-Party
                                                                                                            Index No. 595374/2023
                                                          Plaintiff,

                                                  -against-

             VANQUISH CONTRACTING CORP

                                                          Defendant.
             -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X

            The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 005) 150, 151, 152, 153,
            154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,
            175,176,177,178,179,199,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213
            were read on this motion to/for                                              CONSOLIDATE/JOIN FOR TRIAL

            The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 005) 150, 151, 152, 153,
            154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,
            175,176,177,178,179,199,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213
            were read on this motion to/for                                                       JUDGMENT - SUMMARY

             159581/2019 RIVERA, MIL TON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                                                 Page 1 of 11
             Motion No. 005 005

                                                                           1 of 11
[* 1]
                                                                                                  INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                     RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

                   In this labor law personal injury action, plaintiff moves to consolidate this action with a

            related case, Rivera v Vanquish Group Inc. et al (Index No 155985/2022), and for summary

           judgment on his Labor Law §§ 240( 1) and 241 ( 6) claims as against 31 West 27th Street Property

            Investors (31 West) and Vanquish Group Inc. (Vanquish Group) based on their alleged failure to

            provide him with proper safety devices to perform his work.

                                             MOTION TO CONSOLIDATE

                   Plaintiff filed suit against defendant 31 West on October 2, 2019, seeking to recover for

            injuries he sustained while performing construction work on its property located at 31 West 27th

            Street, New York, NY 10001 (the project) (Action #1, Index No 159581/2019, NYSCEF Doc No

            1). On December 10, 2020, 31 West filed a third-party complaint against the project's general

            contractor, Vanquish Group, and subcontractor, NYC Building Services Inc. (Building Services),

            claiming that third-party defendants had agreed to indemnify 31 West against any claims arising

            from the project (NYSCEF Doc No 35). Upon realizing that plaintiff was employed by Building

            Services (NYSCEF Doc No 151, ,i 9) as opposed to Vanquish Contracting Corp. (Vanquish

            Contracting), an associated entity which may have supplied the ladder at issue in this action,

            plaintiff commenced a separate action against Vanquish Group and Vanquish Contracting based

            on the same incident that formed the basis of his suit against 31 West (Action #2, Index No

            155985/2022, NYSCEF Doc No 1). 31 West later filed a second third-party complaint in Action

            #1, this time against Vanquish Contracting (NYSCEF Doc No 97).

                   Plaintiff now moves for an order, pursuant to CPLR § 602, consolidating the two separate

            actions on the grounds that they involve the same facts, parties, and issues of law (NYSCEF Doc

            No 152). The motion to consolidate is unopposed by defendant and third-party defendants

            (NYSCEF Doc Nos 201,209,210).

             159581/2019 RIVERA, MIL TON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                         Page 2 of 11
             Motion No. 005 005

                                                           2 of 11
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                                                                                                     INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

                    CPLR § 602 provides that "[w]hen actions involving a common question oflaw or fact

            are pending before a court, the court, upon motion, ... may order the actions consolidated, and

            may make such other orders concerning proceedings therein as may tend to avoid unnecessary

            costs or delay." Since the two actions involve the same questions of law and facts relating to

            plaintiffs work-related injury, the unopposed motion to consolidate will be granted in order to

            save time, costs, and resources of both the parties and the court.

                                       MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

                                                      BACKGROUND

                   Plaintiff testified that he began working on the project two months prior to his accident,

            performing typical demolition functions (NYSCEF Doc No 168, 65:7-11, 70:2-14). In the few

            nights preceding the accident, he worked on the third floor, cutting cables that were hanging

            from the I I-foot high ceiling (NYSCEF Doc No 116, 17: 17-18: 12, 28:23-29: 11). In order to

            reach the cables, plaintiff used one of three eight-foot A-frame ladders made available to him

            (id., 19:22-24). Each time, he would position the ladder below the cables, lock it, climb six steps

            up, cut the cables with scissors, descend the ladder, and repeat as needed (id., 30:5-32:7).

                    On September 6, 2019, plaintiff arrived at the third floor of the work site at 4:30 p.m.

            and, as instructed by his foreman, Mike, began cutting wires (id., 24: 12-25, 25: 18-26: 12).

            Plaintiff testified that the ladder he was using that evening was defective in that the back feet

            were broken and the bottom of the ladder was damaged, preventing the ladder from standing

            flush on the floor (id., 33:7-35:7). Plaintiff further testified that he raised this concern to Mike,

            who responded that there were no other ladders available, but that new equipment would arrive

            soon, and advised plaintiff to be careful in the meantime (id.).

             159581/2019 RIVERA, MIL TON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                            Page 3 of 11
             Motion No. 005 005

                                                           3 of 11
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                                                                                                     INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                         RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

                    Immediately before his accident, plaintiff positioned the ladder under some cables that

            needed to be cut (id., 39:23-40: 12). After clearing away some garbage and metal on the floor in

            that area, he opened the ladder, locked it, and climbed up as usual (id.). Once on the sixth step,

            plaintiff picked up his scissors and raised his hands to reach towards a cable (id., 40: 12-14).

            When he did this, the ladder moved beneath him, and he lost his balance and fell, along with the

            ladder (id., 40: 14-17). Plaintiff testified that he fell on his back and neck, making contact with a

            demolished bathroom wall partition that had pieces of metal jutting out of it (id., 40: 18-25).

            Plaintiff also claims injuries to his knee, head, wrist, and shoulders (id., 41 :2-3).

                                                        DISCUSSION

                    "It is well settled that 'the proponent of a summary judgment motion must make a prima

            facie showing of entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, tendering sufficient evidence to

            demonstrate the absence of any material issues of fact."' (Pullman v Silverman, 28 NY3d 1060,

            1062 [2016], quoting Alvarez v Prospect Hosp., 68 NY2d 320,324 [1986]). "Failure to make

            such showing requires denial of the motion, regardless of the sufficiency of the opposing

            papers." (Winegrad v New York Univ. Med. Ctr., 64 NY2d 851, 853 [1985] [internal citations

            omitted]). "Once such a prima facie showing has been made, the burden shifts to the party

            opposing the motion to produce evidentiary proof in admissible form sufficient to raise material

            issues of fact which require a trial of the action." ( Cabrera v Rodriguez, 72 AD3d 553, 553-554

            [1st Dept 2010], citing Alvarez, 68 NY2d at 342).

                    "The court's function on a motion for summary judgment is merely to determine if any

            triable issues exist, not to determine the merits of any such issues or to assess credibility."

            (Meridian Mgmt. Corp. v Cristi Cleaning Serv. Corp., 70 AD3d 508, 510-511 [1st Dept 2010]

            [internal citations omitted]). The evidence presented in a summary judgment motion must be

             159581/2019 RIVERA, MIL TON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                            Page 4 of 11
             Motion No. 005 005

                                                           4 of 11
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                                                                                                     INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

            examined "in the light most favorable to the non-moving party" (Schmidt v One New York Plaza

            Co., 153 AD3d 427,428 [2017], quoting Ortiz v Varsity Holdings, LLC, 18 NY3d 335, 339

            [2011]) and bare allegations or conclusory assertions are insufficient to create genuine issues of

            fact (Rotuba Extruders v Ceppos, 46 NY2d 223,231 [1978]). If there is any doubt as to the

            existence of a triable fact, the motion for summary judgment must be denied (id.).

            Labor Law § 241 ( 6)

                    Labor Law§ 241(6) imposes an obligation on owners and contractors that "[a]ll areas in

            which [] demolition work is being performed shall be so [equipped] as to provide reasonable and

            adequate protection and safety to the persons employed therein or lawfully frequenting such

            places." Notably, the obligations imposed under Labor Law§ 241 are non-delegable, meaning

            that once a plaintiff has established a violation, he need not demonstrate that the owner or

            general contractor exercised supervision or control over the worksite (Ross v Curtis-Palmer

            Hydro-Elec. Co., 81 NY2d 494, 502 [1993]; Rizzuto v L.A. Wenger Contr. Co., 91 NY2d 343,

            348-49 [1998] ["section 241 (6) imposes liability upon a general contractor for the negligence of

            a subcontractor, even in the absence of control or supervision of the worksite"] [emphasis in

            original]). In order to state a viable Labor Law§ 241 claim, a plaintiff must allege that the

            defendant violated a specific standard of conduct under the Industrial Code ( Toussaint v Port

           Auth. ofN.Y, 38 NY3d 89, 94 [2022]).

                    Plaintiffs Labor Law§ 241(6) claim is based on Industrial Code§ 23-1.21(b)(3), which

            provides that "[a] ladder shall not be used ... (i) If it has a broken member or part[;] (ii) If it has

            any insecure joints between members or parts[;] (iv) If it has any flaw or defect of material that

            may cause ladder failure." He alleges 31 West, as the owner of the premises, and Vanquish

            Group, as the general contractor, violated Industrial Code § 23-1.21 (b )(3) by providing him with

             159581/2019 RIVERA, MIL TON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                            Page 5 of 11
             Motion No. 005 005

                                                           5 of 11
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                                                                                                          INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                           RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

            a ladder that was broken, unsecured, and defective. He described the poor condition the ladder

            was in prior to his accident (NYSCEF Doc No 179, 33:24-35: 11 ["The ladder was broken on the

            bottom part, where the feet are"]). Consequently, plaintiff has met his prima facie burden of

            establishing that the ladder failed to provide him with "reasonable and adequate protection and

            safety" under Labor Law § 241 (6).

                       Defendant 31 West cites the deposition testimony of Vanquish Group owner Carlo

            Bardone 1, who indicated that the ladder was in good working order and that no complaints had

            been made about its condition prior to plaintiff's accident (NYSCEF Doc No 173 ["I physically

            climbed up and down [and] worked on the ladder ... There was nothing wrong with the

            ladder."]). Therefore, 31 West sufficiently raised an issue of fact as to whether the ladder was in

            good working order prior to plaintiff's accident and summary judgment must be denied

            (Majstorovic v Best Mkt., 215 AD3d 560, 560-61 [1st Dept 2023]). Accordingly, the portion of

            plaintiff's motion seeking summary judgment on his Labor Law§ 241(6) claim will be denied.

            Labor Law § 240( 1)

                       Labor Law§ 240 (1), also known as New York's "Scaffold Law," provides, in relevant

            part:

                                All contractors and owners and their agents . . . in the erection,
                                demolition, repairing, altering, painting, cleaning or pointing of a
                                building or structure shall furnish or erect, or cause to be furnished
                                or erected for the performance of such labor, scaffolding, hoists,
                                stays, ladders, slings, hangers, blocks, pulleys, braces, irons, ropes,
                                and other devices which shall be so constructed, placed and operated
                                as to give proper protection to a person so employed.

                       Labor Law§ 240 (1) "imposes absolute liability on building owners and contractors

            whose failure to provide proper protection to workers employed on a construction site

            1
                This deposition testimony was submitted on plaintiff's moving brief.
                159581/2019 RIVERA, MIL TON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                              Page 6 of 11
                Motion No. 005 005

                                                                   6 of 11
[* 6]
                                                                                                     INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

            proximately causes injury to a worker" (Wilinski v 334 E. 92nd Haus. Dev. Fund Corp., 18

            NY3d 1, 7 [2011] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]). To prevail on a Labor Law§

            240 ( 1) cause of action, the plaintiff must establish that the statute was violated, and that the

            violation was a proximate cause of his or her injuries (Blake v Neighborhood Haus. Servs. of

            N. Y City, I NY3d 280, 287-289 [2003]). "[T]he single decisive question is whether plaintiff's

            injuries were the direct consequence of a failure to provide adequate protection against a risk

            arising from a physically significant elevation differential" (Runner v New York Stock Exch.,

            Inc., 13 NY3d 599, 603 [2009]).

                    The legislative intent behind the statute is to place "ultimate responsibility for safety

            practices at building construction jobs where such responsibility actually belongs, on the owner

            and general contractor, instead of on workers, who are scarcely in a position to protect

            themselves from accident" (Zimmer v Chemung County Performing Arts, 65 NY2d 513,520

            [1985], rearg denied 65 NY2d 1054 [1985] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]).

            Therefore, the statute should be liberally construed to achieve the purpose for which it was

            framed (Rocovich v Consolidated Edison Co., 78 NY2d 509,513 [1991]).

                   In terms ofladders specifically, Labor Law§ 240(1) requires that ladders and other safety

            devices be "so constructed, placed and operated as to give proper protection" to a worker (Labor

            Law§ 240(1); see also Klein v City of New York, 89 NY2d 833, 833-34 [1996]; Lipari v AT

            Spring, LLC, 92 AD3d 502, 503-04 [1st Dept 2012]). The "failure to properly secure a ladder to

            insure that it remains steady and erect while being used, constitutes a violation of Labor Law §

            240 (1)" (Plywacz v 85 Broad St. LLC, 159 AD3d 543, 544 [1st Dept 2018] [internal quotation

            marks and citation omitted]). "It is sufficient for purposes of liability under section 240 (1) that

            adequate safety devices to prevent the ladder from slipping or to protect plaintiff from falling

             159581/2019 RIVERA, MIL TON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                            Page 7 of 11
             Motion No. 005 005

                                                           7 of 11
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                                                                                                   INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                      RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

            were absent" (Orellano v 29 E. 37th St. Realty Corp., 292 AD2d 289,291 [1st Dept 2002]). The

            plaintiff is not required to show that the ladder was defective (Perez v NYC Partnership Haus.

            Dev. Fund Co., Inc., 55 AD3d 419,420 [1st Dept 2008]).

                   Here, plaintiff has made a prima facie showing that the ladder was inadequate to protect

            him from falling. His work required him to climb up six steps and release his grip on the ladder

            in order to cut the cables; when he did so and lost his balance, there was nothing to steady him or

            otherwise prevent his fall. Defendants argue that plaintiffs motion is premature because

            discovery pertaining to defendants' defense against liability under Labor Law§ 240(1) remains

            outstanding. In particular, 31 West argues that it lacks information as to "potential factual

            witnesses, notice of a dangerous condition [and] the age, condition and maintenance of the

            ladders used by the plaintiff and his coworkers at the jobsite" (NYSCEF Doc No 201). However,

            as explained supra, plaintiff did not need to demonstrate that the ladder was defective in order to

            prevail on his Labor Law§ 240(1) claim; plaintiff only needed to establish that the ladder

            provided inadequate protection, and he has done so. Thus, any issue of fact as to the condition of

            the ladder is not material to this cause of action (Paul v Village of Quogue, 178 AD3d 942 [2nd

            Dept 2019] ["A party contending that a motion for summary judgment is premature is required to

            demonstrate that additional discovery might lead to ... facts essential to oppose the motion"

            [internal quotations omitted, emphasis added]). Accordingly, the portion of plaintiffs motion

            seeking summary judgment on his Labor Law § 240( 1) claim will be granted.

                                                      CONCLUSION

                   Based on the foregoing, it is

             159581/2019 RIVERA, MIL TON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                         Page 8 of 11
             Motion No. 005 005

                                                           8 of 11
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                                                                                                                INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                               RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

                    ORDERED that the unopposed motion to consolidate the above-captioned action with

            Milton Rivera v Vanquish Group Inc. et al, Index No. 155985/2022, pending in this court is

            granted; and it is further

                    ORDERED that the consolidation shall take place under Index No. 159581/2019 and the

            consolidated action shall bear the following caption:

                            MILTON RIVERA,

                                                                   Plaintiff,

                                                            -against-

                            31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY INVESTORS IV, LLC,
                            VANQUISH GROUP INC. and VANQUISH CONTRACTING CORP.,

                                                                   Defendants.

                            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

                            31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY INVESTORS IV, LLC,

                                                                    Third-Party Plaintiff,

                                                            -against-

                            VANQUISH GROUP INC. and NYC BUILDING SERVICES, INC.,

                                                                    Third-Party Defendants.
                            --------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

                            31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY INVESTORS IV, LLC

                                                                    Second Third-Party Plaintiff,

                                                            -against-

                            VANQUISH CONTRACTING CORP.

                                                                    Second Third-Party Defendant.
                            --------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

             159581/2019 RIVERA, MIL TON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                                       Page 9 of 11
             Motion No. 005 005

                                                               9 of 11
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                                                                                                   INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                      RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

                    And it is further

                    ORDERED that the pleadings m the actions hereby consolidated shall stand as the

            pleadings in the consolidated action; and it is further

                    ORDERED that, within 30 days from entry of this order, movant shall serve a copy of this

            order with notice of entry on the Clerk of the Court, who shall consolidate the documents in the

            actions hereby consolidated and shall mark his records to reflect the consolidation; and it is further

                    ORDERED that counsel for the movant shall contact the staff of the Clerk of the Court to

            arrange for the effectuation of the consolidation hereby directed; and it is further

                    ORDERED that service of this order upon the Clerk of the Court shall be made in hard-

            copy format if this action is a hard-copy matter or, if it is an e-filed case, shall be made in

            accordance with the procedures set forth in the Protocol on Courthouse and County Clerk

            Procedures for Electronically Filed Cases (accessible at the "E-Filing" page on the court's

            website); and it is further

                    ORDERED that, as applicable and insofar as is practical, the Clerk of this Court shall file

            the documents being consolidated in the consolidated case file under the index number of the

            consolidated action in the New York State Courts Electronic Filing System or make appropriate

            notations of such documents in the e-filing records of the court so as to ensure access to the

            documents in the consolidated action; and it is further

                    ORDERED that, within 30 days from entry of this order, movant shall serve a copy of this

            order with notice of entry on the Clerk of the General Clerk's Office, who is hereby directed to

            reflect the consolidation by appropriately marking the court's records; and it is further

             159581/2019 RIVERA, MIL TON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                          Page 10 of 11
             Motion No. 005 005

                                                          10 of 11
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                                                                                                     INDEX NO. 159581/2019
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 229                                                                          RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/30/2024

                    ORDERED that such service upon the Clerk of the General Clerk's Office shall be made

            in hard-copy format if this action is a hard-copy matter or, if it is an e-filed case, shall be made in

            accordance with the procedures set forth in the aforesaid Protocol; and it is further

                    ORDERED that, upon consolidation, the portion of plaintiffs motion seeking summary

           judgment on his Labor Law § 241 (6) claim is denied; and it is further

                    ORDERED that, upon consolidation, the portion of plaintiffs motion seeking summary

           judgment on his Labor Law § 240(1) claim is granted.

                    4/30/2024
                      DATE                                                          PAUL A. GOETZ, J.S.C.

                                     ~
             CHECK ONE:                  CASE DISPOSED                     NON-FINAL DISPOSITION

                                         GRANTED         □ DENIED          GRANTED IN PART          □ OTHER
             APPLICATION:                SETTLE ORDER                      SUBMIT ORDER

             CHECK IF APPROPRIATE:       INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN        FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT    □ REFERENCE

             159581/2019 RIVERA, MILTON vs. 31 WEST 27TH STREET PROPERTY                            Page 11 of 11
             Motion No. 005 005

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