Court Opinion

ID: 4435138
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-30 21:00:43.647485+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:27:37.079432
License: Public Domain

FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                             AUG 30 2019
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                           U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DEMICKO BILLIE THOMAS,                           No.    18-35284

              Petitioner-Appellant,              D.C. No. 2:11-cv-02186-RSM

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
MAGGIE MILLER-STOUT, Warden of
Airway Heights Correctional Center, and
the Washington State Department of
Corrections,

              Respondent-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Western District of Washington
                   Ricardo S. Martinez, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted August 28, 2019**
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: HAWKINS, McKEOWN, and BYBEE, Circuit Judges.

      Washington state prisoner Demicko Billie Thomas (“Thomas”) appeals the

district court’s denial of his federal habeas petition which challenged his convictions

      *
        This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except
as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
         The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without
oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
and sentence for firearm enhancements imposed in connection with his robbery of two

jewelry stores in 2002. We affirm.

      The Washington state court did not unreasonably determine that sufficient

evidence supported the imposition of the firearm enhancement with respect to the

second robbery. The jury instructions mistakenly required proof the weapon was

operable, which was not required under Washington law. See State v. Wade, 138 P.3d

168, 176 (Wash. Ct. App. 2006). The Supreme Court has held that “when a jury

instruction sets forth all the elements of the charged crime but incorrectly adds one

more element, a sufficiency challenge should be assessed against the elements of the

charged crime, not against the erroneously heightened command in the jury

instruction.” Musacchio v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 709, 715 (2016) (emphasis

added). Thus, the state court reasonably concluded the government was not required

to prove the weapon was operable despite the erroneous instruction.

      The state court also reasonably concluded there was sufficient evidence that

Thomas had used a real weapon in the commission of the robbery, that is, a weapon

“capable of discharging a projectile by an explosive such as gunpowder.” During trial

testimony, a victim described the weapon as “a large hand held gun, it was silver,

aluminum silver color. The barrel of the gun was about that big from what I

remember and had a very dark tunnel-looking hole in the middle.” She also testified

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that when Thomas held the gun to her back it “felt very heavy, very strong.” A second

witness described the weapon similarly and testified that Thomas told them, “I don’t

want to hurt you,” which the court of appeal noted supported an inference that he was

“capable of hurting them with the weapon he held.” Viewing all reasonable inferences

in the light most favorable to the prosecution, there was sufficient testimony for a

rational juror to infer that the gun was real. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 324

(1979).

       We decline to expand the Certificate of Appealability to include Thomas’s

claim that the imposition of the firearm enhancement violates the Double Jeopardy

Clause. We “look to the district court’s application of AEDPA to petitioner’s

constitutional claims and ask whether that resolution was debatable amongst jurists

of reason.” Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 336 (2003). Here, the district court

properly evaluated Thomas’s claims under applicable Supreme Court law. See

Missouri v. Hunter, 459 U.S. 359, 368–69 (1983) (no Double Jeopardy violation when

“a legislature specifically authorizes cumulative punishment under two statutes,”

because “regardless of whether those two statutes proscribe the ‘same’ conduct under

Blockburger, a court's task of statutory construction is at an end and the prosecutor

may seek and the trial court or jury may impose cumulative punishment under such

statutes in a single trial”).

       AFFIRMED.

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