Court Opinion

ID: 1077766
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:24:28.199793+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:40:44.022248
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present:   Judges Bray, Annunziata and Overton

JAMES G. CALMES, JR.
                                             MEMORANDUM OPINION *
v.   Record No. 2820-95-1                        PER CURIAM
                                               JUNE 11, 1996
TERESA H. CALMES

                                        FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF
THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH
                    Thomas S. Shadrick, Judge
            (Michael A. Robusto; Slipow, Robusto &
            Kellam, on brief), for appellant.

            (Grover C. Wright, Jr., on brief), for
            appellee.

     James G. Calmes, Jr., (husband) appeals the decision of the

circuit court awarding Teresa H. Calmes (wife) a share of funds

traceable to husband's personal injury award.     Husband contends

on appeal that the trial court erred in concluding that there was

sufficient evidence of a gift.   Upon reviewing the record and

briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without

merit.   Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the

trial court.   Rule 5A:27.

     Husband's personal injury award for an injury which occurred

prior to the marriage was his separate property.     Code

§ 20-107.3(A)(3)(c) and (H).   Husband placed the funds in a joint

account he opened at wife's credit union, and subsequently placed

     *
      Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
designated for publication.
the funds into additional joint accounts.    Code

§ 20-107.3(A)(3)(f) provides that
          [w]hen separate property is retitled in the
          joint names of the parties, the retitled
          property shall be deemed transmuted to
          marital property. However, to the extent the
          property is retraceable by a preponderance of
          the evidence and was not a gift, the retitled
          property shall retain its original
          classification.

Moreover, subsection (g) provides in part that "[n]o presumption

of gift shall arise under this section where . . . (ii) newly

acquired property is conveyed into joint ownership."      Whether a

gift was intended is a question of intent.    See Dean v. Dean, 8
Va. App. 143, 146, 379 S.E.2d 742, 744 (1989). 1     Intent is a

question to be determined by the fact finder.       See generally

Fleming v. Commonwealth, 13 Va. App. 349, 353, 412 S.E.2d 180,

183 (1991).

     The evidence was heard by the commissioner in chancery,

whose report was accepted by the trial court.
          The commissioner's report is deemed to be
          prima facie correct. The commissioner has
          the authority to resolve conflicts in the
          evidence and to make factual findings. When
          the commissioner's findings are based upon
          ore tenus evidence, "due regard [must be
          given] to the commissioner's ability . . . to
          see, hear and evaluate the witness at first
          hand." Because of the presumption of
          correctness, the trial judge ordinarily must
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        On appeal, husband contends that wife was required to
prove a gift by the higher standard of clear and convincing
evidence. This argument was not raised below and will not be
addressed for the first time on appeal. Jacques v. Commonwealth,
12 Va. App. 591, 593, 405 S.E.2d 630, 631 (1991)(citing Rule
5A:18).

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           sustain the commissioner's report unless the
           trial judge concludes that it is not
           supported by the evidence.

Brown v. Brown, 11 Va. App. 231, 236, 397 S.E.2d 545, 548 (1990)

(citations omitted).    "This rule applies with particular force to

a commissioner's findings of fact based upon evidence taken in

his presence . . . ."    Hill v. Hill, 227 Va. 569, 577, 318 S.E.2d
292, 296 (1984).   This Court must affirm the trial court's

decision unless it is plainly wrong or without evidence to

support it.   McLaughlin v. McLaughlin, 2 Va. App. 463, 466-67,

346 S.E.2d 535, 536 (1986).

     The trial court found that evidence supported the

commissioner's implicit finding that husband made a gift to the

marriage of the injury award.   The court noted that the

commissioner was "clearly aware that [whether or not a gift was

made] was the principal point of contention between the parties."

     Wife testified that husband intended to make a gift to the

marriage of the personal injury award.   The evidence established

that the funds were used by the parties to pay for marital assets

such as automobiles and a boat.   The financial adviser who

invested the funds for the parties testified that he met with

both parties and that his advice was "based on what their goals
were."   (Emphasis added.)   While husband testified that he placed

the funds in a joint account for convenience, he admitted that

the parties used the funds to purchase marital assets and that

the funds would have automatically passed to wife if he had died.

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     Therefore, we cannot say the trial court's decision is

plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.   Accordingly,

the decision of the circuit court is summarily affirmed.

                                    Affirmed.

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