Court Opinion

ID: 4443156
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-10-01 16:01:22.972776+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:33:00.994377
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                           United States Court of Appeals
                                                                   Tenth Circuit

                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS October 1, 2019
                                                                Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                 TENTH CIRCUIT                      Clerk of Court

LOFTON AMIER GRAY,

       Petitioner - Appellant,
                                                         No. 19-6101
v.
                                                (D.C. No. 5:18-CV-01139-SLP)
                                                         (W.D. Okla.)
R. C. SMITH, Warden,

       Respondent - Appellee.

                       ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE
                           OF APPEALABILITY

Before CARSON, BALDOCK, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.

      Petitioner, Lofton Amier Gray, an Oklahoma state prisoner proceeding pro

se, seeks a certificate of appealability (“COA”) so he can appeal the district

court’s dismissal of the habeas corpus petition he filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C.

§ 2254. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(A) (providing no appeal may be taken from a

final order disposing of a § 2254 petition unless the petitioner first obtains a

COA). Gray’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal is granted.

      Gray’s state convictions for first degree murder, larceny of an automobile,

and attempted larceny of an automobile became final on November 8, 2017. At

the time Gray filed his federal habeas petition on November 19, 2018, the one-
year limitations period set out in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty

Act (“AEDPA”) had expired. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d) (setting forth a statute of

limitations for § 2254 petitions). In a well-reasoned Report and

Recommendation, a federal magistrate judge concluded Gray could not take

advantage of the prison mailbox rule because he failed to comply with its

requirements. See Price v. Philpot, 420 F.3d 1158, 1165 (10th Cir. 2005) (“[A]n

inmate must establish timely filing under the mailbox rule by either (1) alleging

and proving that he or she made timely use of the prison’s legal mail system if a

satisfactory system is available, or (2) if a legal system is not available, then by

timely use of the prison’s regular mail system in combination with a notarized

statement or a declaration under penalty of perjury of the date on which the

documents were given to prison authorities and attesting that postage was

prepaid.”).

      Gray filed written objections to the Report and Recommendation, asserting

entitlement to statutory tolling because a prison-wide lockdown on the last day of

the one-year limitations period prevented him from filing a timely habeas

application. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(B) (providing that the one-year AEDPA

limitations period begins to run on the later of the date the judgment of conviction

became final or “the date on which the impediment to filing an application

created by State action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United

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States is removed, if the applicant was prevented from filing by such State action”

(emphasis added)). After considering Gray’s objections, the district court

concluded Gray was not entitled to an extension of the limitations period under 28

U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(B) because he failed to show the lockdown was not related to

legitimate penological interests and, thus, could not show it was an

unconstitutional impediment. Cf. Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 361 (1996)

(involving a claim that the failure to provide prisoners with adequate law libraries

implicated the prisoners’ constitutional right of access to the courts); Akins v.

United States, 204 F.3d 1086, 1090 (11th Cir. 2000) (addressing whether a federal

prisoner was entitled to statutory tolling under 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f)(2) because a

prison lockdown prevented him from accessing the law library); see also Pfeil v.

Everett, 9 F. App’x 973, 978 (10th Cir. 2001) (unpublished disposition relying on

Akins to conclude that a state prisoner claiming a lockdown was an impediment

under § 2244(d)(1)(B) must present evidence the lockdown was not related to

legitimate penological interests). Accordingly, the district court concluded Gray’s

§ 2254 application was filed outside the one-year limitations period established by

the AEDPA and dismissed it as untimely.

      To be entitled to a COA, Gray must show “that jurists of reason would find

it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Slack

v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000) (holding that when a district court

                                          -3-
dismisses a habeas petition on procedural grounds, a petitioner is entitled to a

COA only if he shows both that reasonable jurists would find it debatable whether

he had stated a valid constitutional claim and debatable whether the district

court’s procedural ruling was correct). In his COA application and appellate

brief, Gray does not address the district court’s conclusion he is not entitled to

statutory tolling under 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(B). Instead, he asserts he is

entitled to equitable tolling and the benefit of the prison mailbox rule. These

arguments were not specifically raised in Gray’s objections to the magistrate

judge’s Report and Recommendation. Under this court’s firm-waiver rule, Gray’s

failure to raise these specific objections “waives appellate review of both factual

and legal questions.” Casanova v. Ulibarri, 595 F.3d 1120, 1123 (10th Cir. 2010)

(quotations omitted). Accordingly, we do not review whether a COA should be

granted on either of the bases raised for the first time in Gray’s appellate filings. 1

      After reviewing Gray’s appellate brief and application for COA, the district

court’s order, the Report and Recommendation, and the entire record on appeal

pursuant to the framework set out by the Supreme Court, we conclude Gray is not

entitled to a COA. Our review demonstrates that the district court’s dismissal of

      1
        Neither exception to the firm waiver rule applies in this matter. See
Morales-Fernandez v. INS, 418 F.3d 1116, 1119 (10th Cir. 2005) (holding the
firm waiver rule does not apply “when (1) a pro se litigant has not been informed
of the time period for objecting and the consequences of failing to object, or when
(2) the ‘interests of justice’ require review”).

                                           -4-
Gray’s § 2254 petition as untimely is not deserving of further proceedings or

subject to a different resolution on appeal. Thus, Gray has not “made a

substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right” and is not entitled to a

COA. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2).

      This court denies Gray’s request for a COA and dismisses this appeal.

                                                ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                                Michael R. Murphy
                                                Circuit Judge

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