Court Opinion

ID: 4321962
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-10-17 20:32:15.843232+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:19:21.240476
License: Public Domain

10/17/2018

        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT KNOXVILLE
                        Assigned on Briefs September 26, 2018

                  RICKY HARRIS v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                 Appeal from the Criminal Court for Carter County
                      No. 24113    James F. Goodwin, Judge

                            No. E2017-01974-CCA-R3-ECN

In 1988, a Carter County jury convicted the Petitioner, Ricky Harris, of first degree
murder. On direct appeal, this court affirmed the Petitioner’s convictions. See State v.
Ricky Jerome Harris, No. 85, 1990 WL 171507, at *25 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Knoxville,
Nov. 8, 1990), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Feb. 4, 1991). In 2017, the Petitioner filed a
petition for a writ of error coram nobis. The trial court held a hearing and denied the
petition. On appeal, the Petitioner contends that he is entitled to coram nobis relief based
upon newly discovered evidence as well as evidence withheld by the prosecution. After
review, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JAMES
CURWOOD WITT, JR., and ROBERT L. HOLLOWAY, JR., JJ., joined.

Ricky Harris, Pikeville, Tennessee, Pro Se.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Renee W. Turner, Senior Counsel;
Anthony W. Clark, District Attorney General; and Kenneth C. Baldwin, Assistant District
Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                        OPINION
                                I. Facts and Background

       This case arises from the Petitioner’s involvement in the death of his mother-in-
law. The victim, a sixty-seven-year-old woman, went missing from her home and her
skeletal remains were found in a nearby lake four months later. This court summarized
the facts presented at the Petitioner’s trial as follows:
       On September 8, 1987, Dolly Gouge, who was sixty-seven years of
age at the time, lived . . . in Carter County. . . . . Mrs. Gouge’s daughter,
Laverne Ruth Gouge Harris, was, at that time, the wife of the [Petitioner].
They were separated and she lived with her mother. Laura Harris, the
[young] daughter of the [Petitioner] and Laverne, also lived there, as did
Mrs. Gouge’s mother, Vena Odom, who was ninety-one years of age. Mrs.
Odom lived in a small house adjacent to Mrs. Gouge’s house.

      Early that morning, Laura urinated on her grandmother, Mrs. Gouge,
who took off her housecoat and pajama bottom and put on another light
housecoat with the pajama top. Laverne and Laura Harris departed at 7:55
A.M. Mrs. Harris dropped her daughter off at the day care center and went
to work.

        Helen Hopson was Mrs. Gouge’s sister. At about 8:00 or 8:30 every
morning Mrs. Gouge called Mrs. Hopson to report on the condition of their
mother. On September 8, Mrs. Hopson did not receive the usual call from
her sister, so she called Mrs. Gouge’s residence three times. When there
was no answer, she and her husband drove to Mrs. Gouge’s home to
determine why her sister had not answered. When she arrived, she found
the television and the lights on in the house. She searched throughout the
house, including under the beds and in the closets, but could not find Mrs.
Gouge. Around the flower bed near the door, Mrs. Hopson smelled an odor
which reminded her of a hospital.

        At 9:45 or 9:50 A.M., Mrs. Hopson notified Mrs. Harris that Mrs.
Gouge was missing. Mrs. Harris went home immediately, arriving at 10:10
A.M. She called the police and her brother. She also attempted to call the
[Petitioner] at his place of employment, Sherwood Chevrolet-Nissan, Inc.,
in Johnson City. Mrs. Harris also smelled the hospital odor near the door.

        Officers responded and found Mrs. Gouge’s glasses lying off the
edge of the porch, and a blue woman’s shoe and Mrs. Gouge’s lower
denture in the flower bed. The flowers were laid over and stepped on as
though someone had been wrestling in the flower bed. A hair roller with
hair in it was found on the sidewalk. The inside of the house was very neat.
Mrs. Gouge’s purse was found on the kitchen table, along with her Bible, a
church record book and the keys to her car, which was parked outside her
home. Her pajama bottom was found in the clothes hamper.

                                     2
       The [Petitioner] arrived at Mrs. Gouge’s home just ahead of the
police officers and was interviewed at the scene concerning what, if
anything, he knew about the victim’s disappearance. The [Petitioner], who
had previously lived there with his wife, daughter and mother-in-law, stated
that he had been there that morning to get two of his jackets. He arrived at
approximately 8:00 A.M., but received no answer when he knocked at the
door. He left, drove down the road, then decided to return to get some
phonograph records, but did not do so. He denied seeing Mrs. Gouge at all
that day.

        A massive search was undertaken for Mrs. Gouge. A tracking dog
was brought to her home to ascertain whether she had walked away or
whether she left by a vehicle. The dog handler testified that due to the
inability of his dog, Sergeant Duke, to find a track from her home, that it
was his opinion Mrs. Gouge did not walk away. All efforts to locate Mrs.
Gouge proved unsuccessful at that time.

       On December 23, 1987, portions of a skeleton were found on a
wooded hillside adjacent to the Carr Cemetery in a rural area of
Washington County known as Watauga Flats. A flowered robe, identified
as the one Mrs. Gouge was wearing that morning, her upper denture and
hair rollers with hair matching Mrs. Gouge’s were found in the area. The
decayed body had been dismembered by animals and only portions of the
skeleton were found. The hair from her scalp was found, as was the mate
to the shoe found in the flower bed. Dr. William Bass, Professor of
Anthropology and head of the Anthropology Department at the University
of Tennessee at Knoxville, testified concerning the identification of the
bones. It was his opinion that from all of the circumstantial evidence the
bones found were the remains of Mrs. Gouge. It was impossible to
determine from the remains how Mrs. Gouge died.

       The [Petitioner] was a suspect from the early days of the
investigation. As a salesman for Sherwood Chevrolet, he drove a
demonstrator automobile belonging to the dealership. Three days after
Mrs. Gouge’s disappearance, the [Petitioner’s] employer made the car
available to the police. The trunk was vacuumed and one hair was
discovered which matched the hair on Mrs. Gouge’s head. The [Petitioner]
consented to a search of his room that he occupied at a motel. No
incriminating evidence was found, although a pair of binoculars was found.

                                     3
       The binoculars were important because between 7:30 and 7:55 A.M.
that morning four witnesses saw a man sitting in a car parked on the
opposite side of the four lane highway from the victim’s home looking in
the direction of her home with binoculars. The car was variously described
as a new or late model car, silver or light in color with stickers in the back
window on the driver’s side. The man in the car was variously described as
fairly tall, having “kinda broad shoulders,” with hair described as
“brownish blonde” to “medium to dark brown.” He was described as
having a short hair cut and maybe a small mustache. He was said to have a
medium complexion and was well dressed, wearing a white long sleeve
shirt with a sport coat lying on the seat. One witness described the man as
“very professional looking,” and she thought she was seeing an officer in
an unmarked police car.

        One of the witnesses saw the same car again at approximately 8:10
to 8:15 A.M. as the car pulled onto Highway 19E at a bridge at the
interstate highway. The driver was the same individual that she had seen
before and no one else was visible in the car. Although she did not know
the [Petitioner] and had been shown no photographs of him, at the trial she
identified the [Petitioner] as the person she saw driving the car.

       Joyce Hinkle was the victim’s next door neighbor. The victim’s
home was located a long distance from the Rittertown Road on a hillside.
Another house was located in front of the victim’s home and there was a
long driveway from the road to the victim’s house. The driveway passed
by Mrs. Hinkle’s house and the victim actually lived behind Mrs. Hinkle’s
home. Mrs. Hinkle knew the [Petitioner] well from his having lived in the
victim’s home. Between 8:15 and 9:00 A.M., Mrs. Hinkle looked out and
saw a light colored automobile with Sherwood Chevrolet stickers in the
back driver’s side window. The car was parked directly in front of the
victim’s driveway. She saw no one around the car. When she stepped out
on her back porch, she heard Mrs. Gouge’s voice give out a surprised
“holler” or yell. The sound came from the front entrance of the victim’s
house. She heard nothing else and went on to the garbage can where she
burned some trash. She stayed there while the trash burned, watching a
squirrel playing in the victim’s front yard. She saw the [Petitioner] coming
from the area of Mrs. Gouge’s mother’s house walking at a fast pace,
clutching something in his hands. He went around to the front entrance of
the victim’s home, then came back around and seconds later he went back
around the house completely out of her sight. He was wearing dark brown

                                      4
cotton work gloves and was clutching a bottle similar to the bottles in
which Armorall is packaged.

        On his second trip around the house “he stepped out in (her) face,”
startling both Mrs. Hinkle and the [Petitioner]. They spoke and he went on
down the driveway. He got in the car and drove away toward Elizabethton.
A few minutes later she saw the same car going toward Roan Mountain.
The [Petitioner] then drove into the victim’s driveway at a fast speed. He
was not wearing gloves at this time and he waved to Mrs. Hinkle and said
he was going to Mrs. Gouge’s to get his albums. A few minutes later he
came back down the driveway at such a fast speed that she did not think he
would be able to safely navigate the turns in the driveway. However, he
was able to do so and he turned on the Rittertown Road toward Roan
Mountain. When she first saw him at the house the [Petitioner] was dressed
in a long sleeve light colored shirt, but when he came down the driveway
he was dressed in a dark colored polo shirt or T-shirt and worn blue jeans.

        Nannie Stephens, another neighbor who lived near Mrs. Gouge, was
walking to Mr. Gouge’s house carrying some vegetables from her garden
for Mrs. Gouge. She saw the car come out of the driveway and proceed
toward Roan Mountain. She went on to the victim’s house and went
through the house and around it twice looking for Mrs. Gouge. She saw
that the television set and the lights were on and noted that the flowers were
matted down. She saw the shoe in the flower bed. She looked in on Mrs.
Gouge’s elderly mother, who was eating, but did not bother her. Mrs.
Stephens returned home and called the victim’s house several times. She
received no answer until the last call. Mrs. Hopson, the victim’s sister, had
arrived and answered the telephone.

        On the day of the victim’s disappearance the [Petitioner] was asked
to go to the sheriff’s department. When he left the sheriff’s department,
Walter William Foster was assigned the duty of following the [Petitioner]
in plain clothes, driving his personal vehicle. He followed him to the motel
where the [Petitioner] was living, thence to Sherwood Chevrolet, and then
to his attorney’s office where Mr. Foster went in, and saw the [Petitioner]
sitting in the waiting room. The [Petitioner] and his attorney came outside,
opened the trunk of the car, looked in it and talked. The [Petitioner] then
left, bought gas and went to a car wash where he stopped his car, with the
rear of the car near the vacuum cleaner. He stayed there two or three
minutes. However, from his vantage point, Mr. Foster could not determine

                                      5
whether the [Petitioner] vacuumed the car. The [Petitioner] then washed
his car. When he left, he zipped in and out of traffic and lost Mr. Foster.

       ....

       The [Petitioner] told conflicting stories to his co-workers at the
automobile dealership concerning his whereabouts on the morning of
September 8, 1987. He told the sales manager when he arrived shortly after
10:00 A.M. that he had kept an appointment with his lawyer that morning.
However, he had told Bill Nichols, another salesman at Sherwood
Chevrolet, that he was going to meet a man named Jim from Chicago at the
Tri-Cities Airport. Allegedly Jim was to arrive on a private jet bringing a
large amount of cash with him. No other details of this meeting were
revealed.

       In July 1987, the victim and the [Petitioner] had a confrontation over
the [Petitioner’s] marital problems with the victim’s daughter. Mrs. Gouge
told the [Petitioner] that “his gravy train was over” at her house, that he was
no longer welcome there and that she was backing her daughter in the
divorce action. She told the [Petitioner] to get out and to never come back.
His clothes were packed in plastic bags and placed on the front porch. His
record albums were in a long box, which was also placed on the front
porch. The [Petitioner] told his wife several times that Mrs. Gouge was the
cause of their marital problems because she was putting ideas in his wife’s
head about divorcing him.

       The [Petitioner] testified, vehemently denying that he killed Mrs.
Gouge. He admitted that he had a confrontation with her on July 17, 1987,
the date that he separated from his wife. He testified that on the morning of
September 8, 1987, he stopped at the Exxon service station on Highway
19E across from her house to buy gasoline and went to her house to get his
jackets. He parked at a pull off at the entrance to the driveway because
Mrs. Gouge had told him not to park on her property. He acknowledged
seeing Mrs. Hinkle as he walked up the driveway. According to his
testimony, he knocked on the door three or four times, but did not get an
answer. He walked back down the driveway, got in his car and left. He
decided to go back to try to get his record albums, so he turned around and
went back to Mrs. Gouge’s home. This time he drove up the driveway and
again knocked on the door. After getting no answer, he decided to leave
without getting any of his possessions.

                                      6
        According to the [Petitioner], he drove directly to Sherwood
Chevrolet where he arrived shortly before 9:00 A.M. After his arrival, he
called the lawyer representing him in his divorce case, Michael O’Connor,
to report that he had been to Mrs. Gouge’s residence. After his wife called
later that morning to report that her mother was missing, he returned to the
Gouge residence.

        The [Petitioner] admitted that Mrs. Gouge paid $10,000.00 to settle a
civil suit which had been brought against him in 1985, and that she had also
paid $5,000.00 to his attorneys for their fees in that matter. He admitted
that he had not paid any of that money back to the victim. There was also a
great deal of testimony by the [Petitioner] concerning the financial
gyrations in which he, his wife and Mrs. Gouge had been involved. He and
his wife had been indicted for signing the name of a corporation not yet in
existence, and he entered a plea of nolo contendre to that charge in
exchange for the dismissal of the charges against his wife. They had
organized other corporations; he had planned to go to Switzerland to get a
million dollars to invest; he contracted to purchase property for
$275,000.00 to build his corporate headquarters; borrowed $10,000.00 at a
usurious interest rate to broker “high quality steam coal”; and he and his
wife agreed to buy a home costing $250,000.00. He alleged that at the time
of the offense, he had just returned from Orlando, Florida, where he had
made ten thousand dollars “putting together (a) real estate packet for
financing.” Prior to that he had been a drywall finisher and did residential
remodeling.

        Michael O’Connor, the [Petitioner’s] attorney in the divorce case,
testified that he received a telephone call from the appellant at 9:15 A.M.
on September 8, 1987. He did not tell him where he was calling from, but,
from the background noise, he knew that the [Petitioner] was calling from
Sherwood Chevrolet. Mr. O’Connor testified regarding the viewing of the
trunk at his office on the afternoon of September 8. The [Petitioner] told
him that the dog had sniffed his car and Mr. O’Connor suggested that they
look in the trunk. Cross-examination revealed that Mr. O’Connor and his
wife had befriended the [Petitioner] in ways far exceeding what he’d done
for any other client.

      ....

                                     7
               Based upon this controverted proof, the jury accepted the state’s
       theory based upon the circumstantial evidence and rejected the
       [Petitioner’s] testimony and the testimony of his witnesses.

Harris, 1990 WL 171507, at *1-7 (footnotes omitted).

       The Petitioner’s conviction and sentence were affirmed on appeal by this court.
Id. The Petitioner sought post-conviction relief in 1992, alleging that he had received the
ineffective assistance of counsel and that the State had committed a Brady violation. His
post-conviction petition was denied, and this court affirmed the judgment. Ricky Harris
v. State, No. 03C01-9611-CR-00410, 1998 WL 191441 (Tenn. Crim. App, at Knoxville,
Apr. 23, 1998), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Dec. 7, 1998). The Petitioner filed a motion to
re-open his post-conviction petition, alleging the discovery of an alibi witness; the motion
was denied on the ground that it “did not state a cognizable ground for reopening the
post-conviction petition.” Ricky Harris v. State, 301 S.W.3d 141, 143 (Tenn. 2010). Our
supreme court summarized the Petitioner’s subsequent filings and appeals:

              On appeal [of the trial court’s denial of the Petitioner’s motion to re-
       open his post-conviction petition], a majority of the Court of Criminal
       Appeals sua sponte treated the motion to reopen as a petition for writ of
       error coram nobis and remanded the case for a hearing on the merits. After
       granting the State’s application for permission to appeal, this Court held
       that [the Petitioner] did not state a cognizable ground for reopening his
       post-conviction petition. Harris v. State, 102 S.W.3d 587, 591 (Tenn.
       2003). A majority of the Court held that the Court of Criminal Appeals
       erred in sua sponte treating the motion to reopen as a petition for writ of
       error coram nobis, although members of the majority disagreed on the
       reasoning used to reach this conclusion. Id. at 594. Two members of the
       Court dissented, stating that [the Petitioner’s] motion [to re-open] asserted a
       prima facie case for coram nobis relief and raised grounds requiring that the
       one-year coram nobis statute of limitations be tolled under due process
       principles. Id. at 596 (Anderson, J., concurring in part and dissenting in
       part).

              On March 11, 2004, almost eleven months after this Court’s opinion,
       [the Petitioner] filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis. He based the
       petition on two items of purportedly newly discovered evidence. The first
       item related to the potential alibi witness, Ms. Hampton. [The Petitioner]
       asserted that he did not become aware of the exculpatory nature of the
       evidence from Ms. Hampton until his private investigator contacted her in
       1998. The second item related to someone named “Bill” who in June 1991,
                                             8
       approximately three years after the trial, had sent the District Attorney
       General letters confessing to the murder and absolving [the Petitioner].
       Although the “Bill” letters had been given to [the Petitioner’s] trial counsel
       in June 1991, [the Petitioner] contended that he did not obtain evidence
       proving the exculpatory nature of the letters until he received a handwriting
       expert’s June 2002 report identifying their author.

               The trial court summarily dismissed the petition for writ of error
       coram nobis. The trial court concluded that [the Petitioner] was not entitled
       to coram nobis relief because his claims did not involve newly discovered
       evidence because he knew of Ms. Hampton at the time of his trial and the
       “Bill” letters were an issue as early as the original post-conviction
       proceeding. The trial court also ruled that the petition was barred by the
       statute of limitations.

              The Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the trial court’s dismissal of
       the petition. The intermediate appellate court remanded the case for a
       hearing to determine: (1) whether due process considerations require tolling
       of the statute of limitations; (2) whether the alibi evidence is credible; and
       (3) whether the third-party confession evidence is newly discovered.

Harris, 301 S.W.3d at 143-44. The State appealed to our supreme court this court’s
decision to reverse the trial court’s dismissal, alleging that the Petitioner’s petition for
error coram nobis was barred by the statute of limitations, and our supreme court agreed.
Id. at 147. Notably, our supreme court stated that

       the opportunity to assert a coram nobis claim was entirely within [the
       Petitioner’s] control after 1998 with regard to the alibi evidence and after
       June 2002 with regard to the third-party confession evidence. Nothing
       prevented [the Petitioner] from filing a separate coram nobis action while
       his motion to reopen was pending.

Id. Our supreme court went on to hold

       The time within which [the Petitioner] filed his petition for writ of error
       coram nobis exceeds the reasonable opportunity afforded by due process.
       [The Petitioner’s] delay in seeking coram nobis relief—six years with
       respect to the alibi evidence and twenty-one months with respect to the
       third-party confession—is unreasonable under the circumstances of this
       case. As a matter of law and under the circumstances of this case, [the

                                             9
        Petitioner] is not entitled to due process tolling. Therefore, his petition for
        writ of error coram nobis is barred by the statute of limitations.

Id. (footnotes omitted).

                           II. Petition for Writ of Error Coram Nobis

        In 2017, the Petitioner filed a second petition for a writ of error coram nobis,1
contending that newly discovered evidence in the form of documents received from the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”) in November 2016 entitled him to a new trial.
The documents, which he apparently received through a Freedom of Information Act
request, were a letter from the FBI and lab results of testing done by the FBI on hair
samples potentially linked to the case. Apparently, in the later-filed third petition, the
Petitioner contended that the State had withheld documents pertaining to the investigation
of his case that showed that the victim had committed suicide.

       The trial court held a hearing on the petition for a writ of error coram nobis, during
which the following evidence was presented: The Petitioner testified that he was
convicted of the murder of Dolly Gouge and that he filed a petition for writ of error
coram nobis after receiving a file from his trial attorney. The file was admitted into the
record as evidence. It contained two letters from the United States Department of Justice,
specifically the FBI, one addressed to the Petitioner’s attorney and the other addressed to
the State’s attorney in this matter; both were dated July 2015. The letter to the State’s
attorney read as follows: “We have determined that a report or testimony regarding
microscopic hair comparison analysis containing erroneous statements was used in this
case” and that such reports or testimony “exceeded the limits of science.” The letter
further stated that the FBI took “no position regarding the materiality of error in [the
Petitioner’s] case.”

       The Petitioner stated that he received the letter from his attorney on August 11,
2015, and on September 11, 2015, he filed a petition for a writ of error coram nobis. He
confirmed that the testimony being referred to in the letter was that of FBI Special Agent
Douglas Detrick, a witness at the Petitioner’s trial qualified as an expert in forensic hair
analysis. The hair analysis Special Agent Detrick testified about pertained to a hair
sample found in the trunk of the Petitioner’s car that the agent said matched the victim’s
DNA. The Petitioner testified that this was the only piece of physical evidence that
linked him to the victim’s murder. The Petitioner recalled that the agent’s testimony

1
 The Petitioner’s brief and the trial court’s order refer to a third petition filed in case number 23,346. As
the State points out, only the second petition is included in the record. We will address the third petition
as it pertains to the Petitioner’s issues on appeal and to the extent that the petition is addressed in the trial
court’s order.
                                                      10
regarding the hair impacted his attorney’s trial strategy; originally, the Petitioner did not
plan to testify but, after the agent’s testimony, the Petitioner’s attorney told him that the
Petitioner needed to testify to rebut the agent’s claim that it was the victim’s hair found in
the Petitioner’s trunk.

       On cross-examination, the Petitioner stated that he knew before trial that Special
Agent Detrick would testify at trial but that the State had a “closed discovery file,” and
the Petitioner’s attorneys were not “privy” to a lot of the evidence. The Petitioner denied
having known at trial that the FBI had generated a report on its analysis of the hair
sample. The Petitioner reiterated that, after the agent testified, the Petitioner’s attorney
said he needed to testify to rebut the hair being found in his car.

        The Petitioner testified that he had “stipulated to the facts of the offense” at a prior
parole hearing but denied that he had admitted to killing the victim. The Petitioner stated
that the case was based on circumstantial evidence alone.

       Agent Brian Fraley testified that he was employed by the Tennessee Bureau of
Investigation (“TBI”). He was in contact with the District Attorney’s Office after the FBI
sent the letter about the error in the forensic hair analysis done in this case. Agent Fraley
was asked to coordinate sending the hair sample to the FBI for additional analysis. Agent
Fraley visited the clerk’s office where the evidence was stored in a secure vault and
checked out the relevant pieces of evidence to be shipped to the FBI.

       Dr. Constance Fisher testified that she worked for the FBI as a forensic examiner
in the DNA case unit and was qualified as an expert in the field of DNA analysis. Dr.
Fisher compared DNA and hair samples collected in this case, including the hair found in
the trunk of the Petitioner’s car. Dr. Fisher compared the hair samples with DNA taken
from the victim’s daughter and granddaughter. She concluded that the hair found in the
car was likely a match with hair samples taken from the victim and her relatives. A copy
of her report of these findings was introduced into the record as an exhibit. It listed the
items tested by Dr. Fisher: four samples of hair and two DNA samples from the victim’s
daughter and granddaughter.

       At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court issued an order, stating that it did
not find credible the Petitioner’s testimony that he changed his trial strategy because of
the FBI agent’s testimony. The trial court found Dr. Fisher’s testimony to be credible.
The trial court stated that while the 2015 letter from the FBI contained evidence of facts
not existing at the time of trial and was admissible, the trial court did not find it to be
“credible” newly discovered evidence because Dr. Fisher’s testimony at the coram nobis
hearing confirmed the agent’s testimony at trial with regards to the hair matching the
victim’s DNA. The trial court went on to say that, even if the FBI’s letter was to be
                                              11
deemed newly discovered evidence, the outcome of the trial would not have been
different. The trial court concluded that the evidence presented at trial, even without the
hair analysis testimony, would have led to a guilty verdict because the circumstantial
evidence was “simply overwhelming.” The trial court further stated that the hair analysis
evidence was cumulative evidence to all the other circumstantial evidence in the case and
thus did not establish grounds for coram nobis relief.

        As to the Petitioner’s contention that evidence had been withheld by the State,
alleged in his third petition, the trial court stated: “With regard to the additional
allegation that the State withheld evidence relating to the victim committing suicide and
evidence logs, . . . the Court dismisses this petition without a hearing or appointment of
counsel.” The trial court reasoned that the petition was not “verified upon the oath of the
[P]etitioner, and the affidavit [was] not sworn to by the [P]etitioner.” The trial court
stated that

               From the unsworn, supporting documents attached to the petition,
       the date of the alleged suicide at Watauga Lake was 27 May 1987. From
       the trial transcript, the date of the disappearance of Dolly Gouge was 8
       September 1987. The Petitioner is obviously attempting to combine
       information from two separate investigations in an effort to confuse and
       obfuscate the true issues in his original petition for writ of error coram
       nobis. The Court has previously found the Petitioner not to be a credible
       witness. Therefore, the . . . petition for writ of error coram nobis is
       respectfully dismissed without a hearing or appointment of counsel.

       It is from this judgment that the Petitioner appeals.

                                        III. Analysis

        On appeal, the Petitioner argues that the trial court erred when it denied him the
opportunity to establish a reasonable probability that the newly discovered evidence from
the FBI would have resulted in a different outcome at his trial, as would the evidence
linked to the suicide that he alleges the State withheld at trial. He further alleges that the
trial court erred when it dismissed his third petition because no sworn affidavit or oath by
the Petitioner accompanied it. Finally, the Petitioner alleges that the trial court showed
bias towards the State. The State responds that the trial court did not abuse its discretion
when it denied the second petition, nor did it abuse its discretion when it dismissed the
third petition where the Petitioner failed to attach the affidavit. Finally, the State
contends that the trial court showed no bias or prejudice and that the Petitioner has not
provided any evidence to support this allegation.

                                             12
       The writ of error coram nobis is a post-conviction mechanism with a long-standing
history rooted in the common law and the State of Tennessee. See State v. Vasques, 221
S.W.3d 514, 524-26 (Tenn. 2007). It is well-established that the writ of error coram
nobis “is an extraordinary procedural remedy . . . [that] fills only a slight gap into which
few cases fall.” State v. Mixon, 983 S.W.2d 661, 672 (Tenn. 1999). The decision to
grant or to deny a petition for the writ of error coram nobis on its merits rests within the
sound discretion of the trial court. Ricky Harris v. State, 301 S.W.3d 141, 144 (Tenn.
2010) (citing State v. Vasques, 221 S.W.3d 514, 527-28 (Tenn. 2007)). We, therefore,
review for abuse of discretion. See State v. Workman, 111 S.W.3d 10, 18 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 2002). Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-26-105(b) provides, in pertinent part:

       Upon a showing by the defendant that the defendant was without fault in
       failing to present certain evidence at the proper time, a writ of error coram
       nobis will lie for subsequently or newly discovered evidence relating to
       matters which are litigated at the trial if the judge determines that such
       evidence may have resulted in a different judgment, had it been presented at
       trial.

       A petition for a writ of error coram nobis “‘may be dismissed without a hearing,
and without the appointment of counsel for a hearing’” if the petition does not allege
facts showing that the petitioner is entitled to relief. Bernardo Lane v. State, No. W2008-
02504-CCA-R3-CO, 2009 WL 4789887, at *5 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Jackson, Dec. 11,
2009), perm. app. denied (Tenn. June 17, 2010) (citations omitted). “As a general rule,
subsequently or newly discovered evidence which is simply cumulative to other evidence
in the record . . . will not justify the granting of a petition for the writ of error coram
nobis when the evidence, if introduced,” might not have resulted in a different outcome.
State v. Hart, 911 S.W.2d 371, 375 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995) (citations omitted); see also
Vasques, 221 S.W.3d at 525-28 (noting that proper standard of review is whether the
proffered evidence “might have” resulted in a different outcome rather than whether it
“would have” resulted in a different one).

       A petition for a writ of error coram nobis must be filed within one year of the
judgment becoming final in the trial court. T.C.A. § 27-7-103. This statute of limitations
“is computed from the date the judgment of the trial court becomes final, either thirty
days after its entry in the trial court if no post-trial motions are filed or upon entry of an
order disposing of a timely filed post-trial motion.” Harris, 301 S.W.3d at 144 (citing
Mixon, 983 S.W.2d at 670. The State bears the burden of raising the statute of limitations
as an affirmative defense. Harris, 301 S.W.3d at 144 (citation omitted).

      In the present case, the Petitioner contends that the FBI letter was newly
discovered evidence that would have changed the outcome of the trial. He contends that
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other hair samples found in the trunk did not match the victim’s or his own hair samples
and that this information was withheld by the prosecution. He also contends that the
State withheld evidence of a suicide, which he alleges was linked to his case. After
review, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it held that the
Petitioner was not entitled to coram nobis relief. The letter from the FBI addressed the
science surrounding hair analysis generally and did not address the Petitioner’s case
specifically. The letter made no mention of what hair samples were obtained or tested in
the Petitioner’s case. At the coram nobis hearing, an FBI employee qualified as an expert
in the field of DNA analysis testified that the hair found in the Petitioner’s trunk was
retested and matched that of the victim. This was the same conclusion testified to by the
FBI agent at trial. The letters from the FBI addressed the possibility that the agent’s
testimony might have overstated the science surrounding hair analysis; Dr. Fisher’s
examination of the hair samples in the present day revealed the same conclusion as the
one presented at trial. Thus, this was not newly discovered evidence. Furthermore, since
Dr. Fisher’s testimony was essentially the same as the testimony at trial, the outcome of
the Petitioner’s trial would not have been different, regardless of the evolved scientific
method for hair testing. The trial court did not abuse its discretion when it denied the
second petition.

        As to the Petitioner’s contention that his third petition should not have been
dismissed for errors related to the filing, we point out that because the petition is not
included in the record, we cannot review this issue. However, we conclude that the trial
court did not abuse its discretion when it concluded that a dismissal was warranted based
on the Petitioner’s contention that the prosecution withheld certain evidence related to a
suicide. The trial court concluded that these documents related to a suicide were not
linked to the Petitioner’s case, and the Petitioner provided no evidence otherwise. The
trial court’s dismissal of this petition, which is not included in the record before us, was
therefore not an abuse of discretion.

        Finally, the Petitioner contends that the trial court was biased in favor of the State,
as evidenced by the trial court’s credibility findings. This is not evidence of bias or
impartiality; rather, it is an appropriate judgment made by the trial court serving as the
trier of fact in this proceeding. The Petitioner is not entitled to relief.

                                       IV. Conclusion

     Based upon the foregoing reasoning and authorities, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.

                                               ____________________________________
                                                    ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE
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