Court Opinion

ID: 4278242
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-05-24 20:00:30.65021+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:34:17.953971
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAY 24 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

LEWIS A. HARRY, Jr.,                            No.    17-15427

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 4:13-cv-00527-CKJ

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
M. PERKINS, Deputy Warden; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Arizona
                   Cindy K. Jorgenson, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 15, 2018**

Before:      SILVERMAN, BEA, and WATFORD, Circuit Judges.

      Lewis A. Harry, Jr., an Arizona state prisoner, appeals pro se from the

district court’s judgment in his action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and the

Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (“RLUIPA”) alleging that

prison officials exposed him to environmental tobacco smoke, violated his

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
religious rights, and retaliated against him. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1291. We review de novo. Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162, 1171 (9th Cir. 2014)

(en banc) (legal rulings on exhaustion); Shakur v. Schriro, 514 F.3d 878, 883 (9th

Cir. 2008) (summary judgment); Resnick v. Hayes, 213 F.3d 443, 447 (9th

Cir. 2000) (dismissal under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A). We affirm.

      The district court properly dismissed Harry’s claims premised on alleged

breaches of private settlement agreements reached in Harry’s prior actions because

failure to comply with the terms of a private settlement agreement, absent more, is

not enforceable in federal court. See Hajro v. U.S. Citizenship & Immigration

Servs., 811 F.3d 1086, 1099 (9th Cir. 2016) (“[A] district court does not have the

inherent power to enforce the terms of a settlement agreement under the doctrine of

ancillary jurisdiction.”); see also 18 U.S.C. § 3626(c), (g)(1), (g)(6) (distinguishing

between “consent decrees” and “private settlement agreements” in actions

concerning prison conditions, and explaining that “private settlement agreements”

are not enforceable in federal court).

      The district court properly granted summary judgment on Harry’s First

Amendment and RLUIPA claims relating to his religious diet because Harry failed

to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether the required interview with

a chaplain substantially burdened his exercise of religion and because the

requirement reasonably related to a legitimate penological interest. See Walker v.

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Beard, 789 F.3d 1125, 1134 (9th Cir. 2015) (elements of a RLUIPA claim);

Shakur, 514 F.3d at 885-88 (analyzing § 1983 claim concerning denial of inmate’s

request for Kosher diet under four part test stated in Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78

(1987)); Warsoldier v. Woodford, 418 F.3d 989, 994-96 (9th Cir. 2005) (explaining

that prisoner has initial burden to demonstrate that prison policies “constitute a

substantial burden on the exercise of his religious beliefs” and that prison policy

imposes substantial burden when it “intentionally puts significant pressure on

inmates . . . to abandon their religious beliefs”).

      The district court properly granted summary judgment on Harry’s First

Amendment and RLUIPA claims relating to his religious property because Harry

failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether limiting the number

of books prisoners may possess substantially burdened Harry’s exercise of religion

and because the regulation reasonably related to a legitimate penological interest.

See Walker, 789 F.3d at 1134; Shakur, 514 F.3d at 885-88; Warsoldier, 418 F.3d at

994-96.

      The district court properly granted summary judgment on Harry’s Eighth

Amendment claim against all defendants but Jacobs because Harry failed to raise a

genuine dispute of material fact as to whether these defendants knew of and

disregarded an excessive risk to Harry’s health. See Helling v. McKinney, 509
U.S. 25, 34-36 (1993) (setting forth evidence needed to prevail on a claim of

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deliberate indifference based on exposure to second-hand smoke).

      The district court properly granted summary judgment on Harry’s retaliation

claims against all defendants but Lundberg because Harry failed to raise a genuine

dispute of material fact as to whether his complaints were the motivating factor

behind the alleged retaliation and whether the allegedly retaliatory conduct was

unrelated to legitimate penological goals. See Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559,

567-68 (9th Cir. 2005) (setting forth elements of a retaliation claim in the prison

context); Pratt v. Rowland, 65 F.3d 802, 807-08 (9th Cir. 1995) (to prevail on a

retaliation claim, a plaintiff’s speech must be the motivating factor behind the

retaliatory conduct).

      The district court properly granted summary judgment on Harry’s retaliation

claim against Lundberg, and his Eighth Amendment claim against Jacobs premised

on Harry’s exposure to unreasonably high levels of environmental tobacco smoke,

because Harry failed to exhaust his administrative remedies in a proper manner.

See Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 90 (2006) (requiring proper exhaustion, which

“means using all steps that the agency holds out, and doing so properly (so that the

agency addresses the issues on the merits)” (citation and internal quotation marks

omitted)).

      The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Harry’s request for

leave to amend the complaint. See Serra v. Lappin, 600 F.3d 1191, 1200 (9th Cir.

                                          4                                    17-15427
2010) (setting forth standard of review and factors to consider in permitting leave

to amend).

       We reject as meritless Harry’s contentions concerning fraud upon the court

and attorney misconduct.

      We do not consider matters not specifically and distinctly raised and argued

in the opening brief, or arguments and allegations raised for the first time on

appeal. See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009).

      AFFIRMED.

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