Court Opinion

ID: 4261324
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-04-04 20:00:25.574857+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:27:24.249303
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 4 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

CITY OF PHOENIX,                                No.    16-16767

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 2:15-cv-00511-NVW

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
FIRST STATE INSURANCE COMPANY,
a foreign insurer; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Arizona
                     Neil V. Wake, District Judge, Presiding

                          Submitted February 14, 2018**
                            San Francisco, California

Before: KLEINFELD and TALLMAN, Circuit Judges, and JACK,*** District
Judge.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Janis Graham Jack, United States District Judge for
the Southern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
        The City of Phoenix (“the City”) appeals an adverse summary judgment in

favor of First State Insurance Company, Twin City Fire Insurance Company, New

England Reinsurance Corporation, and Nutmeg Insurance Company (collectively,

“Hartford”)1 on the City’s declaratory judgment, breach of contract, and bad faith

claims, and from the denial of the City’s motion for partial summary judgment.

We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and we affirm.

        The City’s insurance coverage action against Hartford arose from an

underlying personal injury and wrongful death lawsuit brought by Carlos Tarazon

and his wife. Mr. Tarazon was exposed to asbestos through his work as an

underground pipe layer in the City from 1968 to 1993 and died of mesothelioma in

2014. The City settled the Tarazon family’s claims against it for $500,000. The

City’s legal defense expenses amounted to over $1,400,000.

        From July 1, 1981 to July 1, 1985, the City was covered by four successive

excessive liability policies (“Excess Policies”) issued by Hartford, each of which

provided $500,000 in liability coverage in excess of a $500,000 self-insured

retention (“SIR”). The City also purchased three successive umbrella policies

(“Umbrella Policies”) from Hartford, covering periods from July 1, 1981 to July 1,

1984.

1
    The named Appellees are all affiliates of The Hartford Financial Services Group.

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      1.     The Excess Policies’ basic insuring agreement states that Hartford

“will indemnify the [City] for ultimate net loss in excess of the retained limit [of

$500,000.]” “Ultimate net loss” is defined in the Excess Policies to “exclude[] all

loss adjustment expenses . . . .” The parties agree that defense costs are “loss

adjustment expenses.” The plain language of this provision is unambiguous. See

Sparks v. Republic Nat’l Life Ins. Co., 647 P.2d 1127, 1132 (Ariz. 1982) (en banc)

(an insurance policy’s provisions “are to be construed in a manner according to

their plain and ordinary meaning”). Hartford only has to indemnify the City if the

City’s ultimate net loss (i.e., not including defense costs) exceeds $500,000. See

Pac. Emp’rs Ins. Co. v. Domino’s Pizza, Inc., 144 F.3d 1270, 1276–77 (9th Cir.

1998). The City settled its claim for $500,000 and is not entitled to indemnity.

      The Excess Policies also contain a “No Costs” provision, which states:

      Should any claim arising from such occurrence be adjusted prior to
      trial court judgment for a total amount not more than the retained
      limit, then no loss expenses or legal expenses shall be payable by the
      Company(s).

Again, because the City settled its claim within the retained limit, the plain

language of the policy precludes it from receiving defense costs from Hartford.

      The City attempts to inject ambiguity into the No Costs provision by arguing

that use of the term “adjusted” includes both liability and defense costs, and

defense costs therefore erode the SIR. However, this reading would contradict the

language from the basic insuring agreement, which clearly provides that Hartford’s

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duty to indemnify applies when the retained limit is exhausted by liability costs.

We are also persuaded by City of Oxnard v. Twin City Fire Insurance Co., which

examined an insurance policy with similar policy language, and likewise

concluded that the insured “was responsible for defense costs for claims it settled

within its SIR amount.” 44 Cal. Rptr. 2d 177, 180 (Cal. Ct. App. 1995).2

      2.     The City argues in the alternative that if Hartford is not obligated to

pay the City under the Excess Policies, Hartford must pay under the Umbrella

Policies. The Umbrella Policies provide that Hartford will indemnify the City “for

ultimate net loss in excess of the underlying limit or the [SIR], whichever is the

greater . . . .” The Umbrella Policies define “underlying limit” as the “limits of

liability of the underlying insurance . . . .” Each Umbrella Policy’s Schedule of

Underlying Policies lists an Excess Policy and states that the Excess Policy’s limit

of liability is $500,000 in excess of the $500,000 SIR. Where no underlying

insurance applies, the Umbrella Policies have a separate SIR of $10,000 or

$25,000, depending on the policy year.

      Because the City’s asbestos liability fell within the scope of the Excess

Policies, the City is only entitled to “ultimate net loss in excess of the underlying

limit . . . .” As the City did not exhaust the underlying limit of the Excess Policies,

2
 Because we agree with the district court’s interpretation of the Excess Policies,
we need not reach the issue of pro rata allocation.

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it is not entitled to indemnity under the Umbrella Policies. See Garmany v.

Mission Ins. Co., 785 F.2d 941, 948 (11th Cir. 1986) (explaining the dual nature of

a typical umbrella policy). Moreover, the City’s argument that it is entitled to

defense costs under the Umbrella Policies fails for the same reason it is not entitled

to defense costs under the Excess Policies.

      3.     Because we find that Hartford was justified in refusing to indemnify

the City, we decline to review the City’s bad faith claim. The City conceded below

that it could not show bad faith if Hartford’s refusal to pay out on the policies was

justified. See United States v. Patrin, 575 F.2d 708, 712 (9th Cir. 1978).

      4.     The district court excluded “much of” the City’s expert testimony

because it “assert[ed] legal principles, reache[d] legal conclusions, or assert[ed]

facts contrary to or unsupported by the record on these motions.” This was not an

abuse of discretion. See Nationwide Transp. Fin. v. Cass Info. Sys., Inc., 523 F.3d
1051, 1058–59 (9th Cir. 2008).

      Costs for this appeal are awarded to Appellees. See Fed. R. App. P.

39(a)(2).

      AFFIRMED.

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