Court Opinion

ID: 7797899
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-04 20:00:42.193476+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:28:42.285811
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        AUG 4 2022
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MAGALY BERTHA JARQUIN RAMIREZ, No. 17-71965
AKA Bertha Magaly Jarquin,
                               Agency No. A206-909-781
            Petitioner,

 v.                                             MEMORANDUM*

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                            Submitted August 1, 2022**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: SILER,*** CALLAHAN, and H. THOMAS, Circuit Judges.

      Petitioner Magaly Bertha Jarquin Ramirez seeks review of the Board of

Immigration Appeals’ denial of withholding of removal and deferral of removal

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Eugene E. Siler, United States Circuit Judge for the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation.
under the Convention Against Torture. We deny her petition.

1.    Jarquin Ramirez unlawfully came to the United States from Mexico as a 7-

year-old in December 1993 and has not returned to Mexico since. In December

2005, Jarquin Ramirez was arrested for possession of meth with intent to sell.

Jarquin Ramirez eventually pleaded guilty but maintains her innocence, asserting

that she did not fully understand the consequences of pleading guilty.

      In the aftermath of her drug conviction, immigration officials initiated

removal proceedings. Jarquin Ramirez conceded the allegations against her and

sought withholding of removal and deferral of removal under the Convention

Against Torture. She expressed fear of returning to Mexico because (1) she had

heard from another family member that her father, a Mexican congressman, was

assaulted in 2009 by unknown attackers for undisclosed reasons and (2) she is

worried that her father, who she claims was physically abusive towards Jarquin

Ramirez’s mother and who Jarquin Ramirez has not had contact with since 2003,

might find her.

      The IJ denied Jarquin Ramirez’s applications for withholding of removal

and CAT protection. The IJ held that Jarquin Ramirez failed to overcome the

presumption that her conviction—which she concedes is an aggravated felony—is

for a “particularly serious crime,” rendering her ineligible for withholding of

removal. See Miguel-Miguel v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 941, 947–49 (9th Cir. 2007).

                                          2
The IJ also questioned the validity of her fears of returning to Mexico. The IJ

found that Jarquin Ramirez was not entitled to CAT relief because she did not

establish that she would more likely than not be tortured by or with the

acquiescence of the Mexican government if she returned. The BIA affirmed the

IJ’s decision. Jarquin Ramirez petitioned for review.

2.    We review the BIA’s decision that a conviction constitutes a particularly

serious crime for abuse of discretion. See Avendano-Hernandez v. Lynch, 800 F.3d

1072, 1077 (9th Cir. 2015). We review the factual finding that an applicant has not

established eligibility for withholding of removal or CAT protection for substantial

evidence. See Parussimova v. Mukasey, 555 F.3d 734, 742 (9th Cir. 2009).

3.    A conviction for a “particularly serious crime” prevents eligibility for

withholding of removal. See 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(B)(ii); see also 8 C.F.R.

§ 1208.16(d)(2)(i). The Attorney General has expressly determined that drug

trafficking crimes are presumptively particularly serious crimes. Matter of Y-L-, 23

I. & N. Dec. 270, 274 (A.G. 2002).

      Here, the agency’s determination that Jarquin Ramirez had failed to show

that her drug trafficking offense was not a particularly serious crime was not

“arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to law,” and was thus not an abuse of discretion.

Arbid v. Holder, 700 F.3d 379, 382, 384–85 (9th Cir. 2012). It is undisputed that

Jarquin Ramirez pleaded guilty and was thus convicted of the felony offense of

                                          3
possessing a controlled substance for sale. While Jarquin Ramirez now contests her

guilt, this is not the forum to reevaluate Jarquin Ramirez’s guilt or innocence. See

Ramirez-Villalpando v. Holder, 645 F.3d 1035, 1041 (9th Cir. 2011) (“A petitioner

may not collaterally attack his state court conviction on a petition for review of a

BIA decision.”). The agency did not abuse its discretion in holding that Jarquin

Ramirez was ineligible for withholding of removal.

4.    To qualify for CAT protection, an undocumented noncitizen must show,

among other things, that “it is more likely than not that he or she would be

tortured” in the country of removal. 8 C.F.R. §1208.16(c)(2). “The applicant bears

the burden of proving that [she] is eligible for deferral of removal under CAT.”

Mairena v. Barr, 917 F.3d 1119, 1125 (9th Cir. 2019) (citing 8 C.F.R.

§ 1208.17(d)(3)).

      Here, the record does not compel the conclusion that Jarquin Ramirez is

likely to experience harm rising to the level of torture upon her return to Mexico.

Her CAT claim is based on fear of her father’s political enemies, whom she did not

(and seemingly, cannot) identify. She pointed to a single incident where she heard

that her father had been beaten up and detained. But Jarquin Ramirez admitted that

this information was relayed to her second-hand by her aunt, she does not know

who the alleged attackers were, and she does not know what their motive was. This

alleged assault occurred in 2009, and Jarquin Ramirez admits that, to her

                                          4
knowledge, neither her father nor anyone related to him has been harmed since.

Her speculation that some unidentified people in Mexico might be looking for her

does not compel a finding that she is likely to be tortured. While Jarquin Ramirez

complains of the corruption and ineffectiveness of Mexican law enforcement, there

is nothing in the record suggesting that any public official in Mexico is interested

in torturing her or acquiescing in her torture. Jarquin Ramirez has not shown that

the agency erred in denying CAT protection.

      The petition is DENIED.

                                          5