Court Opinion

ID: 3213771
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-06-16 14:04:37.497772+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:36:50.188026
License: Public Domain

TO BE PUBLISHED

               Sujarrittr CCourf of cIfitnfurkg
                               2015-SC-000599-I

STANLEY M. CHESLEY                                                         MOVANT

                    ON REVIEW FROM COURT OF APPEALS
V.                      CASE NO. 2015-CA-001066-I
                   BOONE CIRCUIT COURT NO. 05-CI-00436

MILDRED ABBOTT, ET AL.                                            RESPONDENTS

                             OPINION AND ORDER

                     DENYING INTERLOCUTORY RELIEF

      Stanley M. Chesley, pursuant to Kentucky Rule of Civil Procedure (CR)

65.09, moves this Court to vacate or modify the October 7, 2015, order entered

by the Court of Appeals, which denied Chesley's Motion for Interlocutory Relief

under CR 65.07. As the order entered by the Boone Circuit Court was not an

injunction, temporary or otherwise, it is not properly the subject of an

interlocutory relief motion. Therefore, we affirm the judgment of the Court of

Appeals.

                 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

      In the mid-1990s, the popular weight-loss drug fen-phen was removed

from the market after being linked to heart damage and other dangerous side-

effects. In 1998, attorneys Shirley A. Cunningham, Jr., William J. Gallion, and

Melbourne Mills, Jr., filed a prospective class action lawsuit against the
manufacturer of fen-phen, American Home Products (American Home) on

behalf of Kentucky plaintiffs who alleged injuries caused by their use of the

drug. While the three attorneys operated separate law practices, they pooled

their resources in a collective effort to pursue the case. The case they filed,

Darla S. Guard, et al. v. American Home Products, Inc., et al., Boone Circuit

Court Case No. 98-CI-795 (Guard) was certified as a class action in May 1999.

      While the Kentucky litigation was pending, AMerican Home was also the

defendant in a multi-district class-action lawsuit in Pennsylvania. That federal

litigation resulted in a nationwide class-action settlement in August 2000.

However, on the advice of counsel, the Kentucky plaintiffs opted out of the

nationwide settlement to pursue their claims in state court. Subsequently,

Chesley, who had been involved in the national settlement, initiated a fen-phen

lawsuit on behalf of a few clients in Boone Circuit Court. Despite their initial

opposition, Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills eventually agreed to consolidate

Chesley's case with the Guard case. This was agreed to by the Guard attorneys

due to Chesley's national reputation and his experience in the national fen-

phen settlement.

      With the claims merged, the attorneys entered into an arrangement

outlining the role each attorney would perform in the litigation. It was agreed

that Gallion would serve as lead trial counsel, Cunningham and Mills would

enroll clients and maintain client contact information, and Chesley would serve

as lead negotiator in the effort to secure a settlement with American Home.

Additionally, if Chesley succeeded in reaching a settlement with American

                                         2
Home, he would receive a share - initially 27 percent, but later reduced to 21

percent - of the attorney fees owed to Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills under

their respective retainer agreements.

      On May 1, 2001, a settlement was reached with American Home. The

settlement agreement required the decertification of the Guard case as a class

action and the dismissal of all individual claims. In exchange for this,

American Home agreed to pay the aggregate sum of $200 million which was to

be disbursed to the 431 clients for whom Mills, Cunningham, and Gallion had

fee contracts. The claims of the 143 other individuals who had joined the class

action, but who had not personally retained any of the class attorneys, were to

be dismissed without prejudice. Additionally, American Home left it to Mills,

Cunningham, and Gallion to determine how much of the $200 million fund

would be allocated to each client.

      Contrary to the terms of the settlement agreement, Mills, Cunningham,

and Gallion failed to inform their clients about the total settlement amount.

Nor were the clients made aware of the provision that American Home could

terminate the settlement if less than 95% of the claimants accepted the

settlement agreement by September 1, 2001. While Mills, Cunningham, and

Gallion obtained the necessary releases, they did so by failing to reveal

essential information and making misleading statements to their clients.

      After the class action was decertified by the circuit court, the Guard

attorneys distributed approximately $73 million to their clients. A further $20

million was diverted to the creation of the Kentucky Fund for Healthy Living

                                        3
(KFHL). The balance of the money, approximately $106 million, was divided

among the attorneys for the class.

      A subsequent investigation by the Kentucky Bar Association (KBA)

uncovered the excessive payments to the Guard attorneys. After the

investigation became public, the Respondents filed a law suit requesting an

accounting of the settlement money, disgorgement of misappropriated funds,

and a judgment against the class attorneys for monies paid in excess of the

contingent fee contracts.

      The circuit court granted partial summary judgment to the Respondents

after determining that Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills had breached their

fiduciary duty by violating their contingent fee agreements. On the issue of

compensatory damages for the breach of fiduciary duty, the trial court

concluded that Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills owed their clients

approximately $42 million. Additionally, Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills were

adjudged to be jointly and severally liable. As to Chesley, the circuit court

concluded that genuine issues of material fact remained regarding his liability

and denied the motion for summary judgment against him.

      On appeal to the Court of Appeals, Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills

challenged the summary judgment determination on the breach of fiduciary

duty claim and the assessment of joint and several liability. The Court of

Appeals reversed the circuit court's award of summary judgment determining

that genuine issues of material fact remained unresolved. The denial of
summary judgment against Chesley was deemed not appealable and

accordingly was not reviewed by the Court of Appeals.

      Subsequently, this Court granted discretionary review. In Abbott v.

Chesley, 413 S.W.3d 589 (Ky. 2013), we determined that the circuit court

properly entered summary judgment against Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills

on the breach of fiduciary duty claim. Further, we agreed with the circuit court

that Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills are subject to joint and several liability.

As to the summary judgment determination against Chesley, we agreed with

the Court of Appeals that the circuit court's order denying summary judgment

was not appealable. The case was then remanded to the circuit court.

      In August 2014, the circuit court granted the Respondents' motion for

summary judgment against Chesley. 1 The circuit court concluded that

summary judgment was appropriate on the Respondents' breach of fiduciary

duty claims through the doctrine of issue preclusion or collateral estoppel. In

reaching its decision, the circuit court reasoned that Chesley had a full and fair

opportunity to present his case with respect to these claims during the

proceedings in Kentucky Bar Ass'n v. Chesley, 393 S.W.3d 584 (Ky. 2013).

Finding that no genuine issues of material fact existed, the circuit court

determined that Chesley was jointly and severally liable with Cunningham,

Gallion, and Mills to the Respondents for $42 million. Subsequently, Chesley

       1 The circuit court later entered two amended orders dated September 19, 2014,
and October 22, 2015, which modified the wording of the order as to the calculation
date for and the collection of annual interest. Additionally, both amended orders
noted that "[t]his Order is Final and Appealable. There is no just cause for delay."

                                          5
appealed the circuit court's judgment and rulings, but did not post a

supersedeas bond to guarantee enforcement of the judgment would be tolled

during his appeal. 2

      Due to his actions during the Guard settlement, Chesley was

permanently disbarred from the practice of law in Kentucky. 3 Afterwards,

Chesley retired from the practice of law in Ohio. Chesley's former law firm,

Waite, Schneider, Bayless, 86 Chesley Co., L.P.A. (WSBC) is an Ohio legal

professional association formed under Chapter 1785 of the Ohio Revised Code.

Under Section 1785.05, a professional organization may only issue its capital

stock to those individuals legally authorized to render the same professional

service for which that association was organized. With Chesley's retirement

from the practice of law, he was no longer permitted to be a shareholder of

WSBC. 4

      As such, Chesley transferred his ownership interest in WSBC to his Ohio

lawyer, Thomas Rehme, to be held in trust during the winding up period of

WSBC. Both prior to and after Chesley's Kentucky disbarment and his

       2 Chesley's appeals of the circuit court's judgment and rulings are each styled

as Chesley v. Abbott, 2014-CA-001725, 2014-CA-001900, and 2014-CA-001984, and
are currently pending before the Court of Appeals.
      3   Chesley, 393 S.W.3d at 602. Additionally, due to their improper use of the
Guard case settlement fund Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills were also permanently
disbarred from the practice of law in Kentucky. See Cunningham v. Kentucky Bar
Ass'n, 266 S.W.3d 808 (Ky. 2008); Gallion v. Kentucky Bar Ass'n, 266 S.W.3d 802 (Ky.
2008); and Kentucky BarAss'n v. Mills, 318 S.W.3d 89 (Ky. 2010). Further, an
associate of Gallion and the circuit court judge who presided over the Guard
settlement were disbarred for their actions in the case. See Kentucky Bar Ass'n v.
Helmers, 353 S.W.3d 599 (Ky. 2011) and Kentucky BarAss'n v. Bamberger, 354
S.W.3d 576 (Ky. 2011).
      4   It is noteworthy that Chesley was the sole shareholder of WSBC.

                                            6
retirement from the Ohio bar, he transferred a total of $59 million from his

personal accounts to WSBC.

      On June 9, 2015, the circuit court conducted a hearing on Respondents'

motion to transfer Chesley's beneficial interest in the trust to satisfy the $42

million judgment. The circuit court acknowledged that it had personal

jurisdiction over Chesley and that there had been a valid judgment entered

against him. As such, the circuit court viewed the Respondents' motion as

legitimate effort to secure the circuit court's assistance in collecting an

outstanding judgment. Accordingly, the circuit court ordered Chesley on June

23, 2015, to direct Rehme to make all payments derived from Chesley's

holdings in the shares of WSBC payable to the Respondents through their

counsel.

      In response, Chesley requested relief from the Court of Appeals under CR

65.07. The Court of Appeals denied the motion, and his appeal to this Court

followed.

                                     ANALYSIS

      CR 65.01 authorizes a party to request injunctive relief from the circuit

court in the form of a restraining order, temporary injunction, or permanent

injunction in a final judgment. When the circuit court by interlocutory order

has denied, dissolved, modified, or granted a temporary injunction, the

adversely affected party is able to seek relief from the Court of Appeals

pursuant to CR 65.07. After an adverse decision in that court, a party may

move this Court pursuant to CR 65.09 to review the judgment of the Court of

                                          7
Appeals. However, the decision as to whether or not to review the order of the

Court of Appeals is discretionary with the Court. CR 65.09.

      While discretionary, the Court's review is "limited to those cases which

demonstrate extraordinary cause." Nat'l Collegiate Athletic Ass'n v. Lasege, 53
S.W.3d 77, 84 (Ky. 2001); CR 65.09 ("Such a motion will be entertained only for

extraordinary cause shown in the motion."). Demonstrating extraordinary

cause is not an easy task - in fact we have recognized that the movant faces an

"enormous burden" when requesting relief pursuant to CR 65.09.       Courier-

Journal, Inc. v. Lawson, 307 S.W.3d 617, 620 (2010) (quoting Kindred Hosps.

Ltd. P'ship v. Lutrell, 190 S.W.3d 916, 919 (Ky. 2006)). However, an abuse of

discretion by the courts below can constitute extraordinary cause.    Lasege, 53
S.W.3d at 84.

      Chesley contends that the Court of Appeals and the circuit court

committed an abuse of discretion. With regard to the circuit court, Chesley

claims that it exceeded its authority by ordering Chesley to transfer funds

being held in a foreign jurisdiction. Additionally, Chesley argues that the

judgment of the Court of Appeals deprived him of his right to appellate review

from the circuit court's order, which he labels a "mandatory injunction."

However, in reviewing Chesley's motion, we conclude that his request for relief

under CR 65.09 is procedurally improper.

      As a prerequisite for obtaining interlocutory relief from an order of the

circuit court under CR 65.07 or CR 65.09, the order at issue must be an

injunction. Chesley argues that the circuit court's June 23, 2015, order

                                        8
granted mandatory injunctive relief and was entered prior to the adjudication

of all outstanding claims. As such, Chesley concludes that the order was a

temporary injunction and subject to appellate review under CR 65.07 and CR

65.09. 5 However, Chesley is mistaken in his characterization of the circuit

court's June 23, 2015 order.

       On August 1, 2014, the circuit court granted summary judgment against

Chesley for Respondents' breach of fiduciary duty claims. In the final amended

version of the order, entered October 22, 2014, Chesley was also held to be

jointly and severally liable with Cunningham, Gallion, and Mills for the existing

judgment amount of $42 million. Additionally, the October 22, 2014, order
                                                        .

expressly noted that it was a final and appealable order. Subsequently,

Chesley filed a motion for the circuit court to reconsider its order and a motion

to vacate the judgment pursuant to CR 60.02. Both motions were denied.

Afterwards, Chesley appealed the circuit court's summary judgment order to

the Court of Appeals.

       However, Chesley declined to post a supersedeas bond to stay

enforcement of the judgment pending his appeal. Subsequently, the circuit

court entered its June 23, 2015, order requiring Chesley to transfer his

beneficial interest in his Ohio trust to the Respondents to satisfy the $42

        5 In support of his argument, Chesley directs the Court to review Bahar v. Lyon
 Fin. Servs. Inc., 330 S.W.3d 379, 386 (Tex. Ct. App. 2010). In Bahar, the Court of
Appeals of Texas, concluded that a turnover order issued pursuant to a default
judgment in a foreign jurisdiction, acted as a mandatory injunction against the
judgment debtor. Id. However, that determination was rooted in an analysis of
Texas's turnover statute. Bahar, is not dispositive in the case at bar. Rather, the
outcome of this case is governed by the application of the Kentucky Rules of Civil
Procedure.

                                           9
million judgment. Chesley maintains that the circuit court's order is a

temporary injunction as it occurred prior to a final judgment adjudicating all

the claims against him.

      A temporary injunction generally functions to hold the status quo until

the merits of an action can be decided.    Curry v. Farmers Livestock Mkt., 343
S.W.2d 134, 135 (Ky. 1961). Although the circuit court may grant a temporary

injunction, it is only empowered to do so during the pendency of the action.

Price v. Paintsville Tourism Comm'n, 261 S.W.3d 482, 484 (Ky. 2008). While all

the claims against Chesley have yet to be resolved, the circuit court has

entered a final judgment on the breach of fiduciary duty claims.

      Under CR 54.02, where a case involves multiple claims, the circuit court

is permitted to "grant a final judgment as to fewer than all the claims, and

hence to make possible an immediate appeal, upon a determination that there

is no just reason for delay." Shawnee Telecom Res., Inc. v. Brown, 354 S.W.3d
542, 549 (Ky. 2011) (citing Watson v. Best Fin. Servs., Inc. 245 S.W.3d 722 (Ky.

2008)). "Where the judgment truly disposes of a distinct and separable aspect

of the litigation, the trial court's determination that there is no just reason for

delay will only be disturbed if that discretion was abused." Id.

      In the case at bar, the circuit court under CR 54.02 entered a final

judgment on Respondents' breach of fiduciary duty claims. The circuit court

was empowered to enter a valid final judgment on the breach of fiduciary duty

claims despite the fact that there were other collateral claims outstanding. The

circuit court's order did not concern those issues and they remain to be

                                          10
adjudicated. Rather, the circuit court by entering a final judgment under CR

54.02, permitted the judgment on the central issue to be appealed to avoid

unnecessary delay. As such, there was a final judgment regarding the breach

of fiduciary duty claims upon the entry of the circuit court's October 22, 2014,

order.

         The entry of a final judgment on the breach of fiduciary duty claims is

critical in evaluating the character of the circuit court's subsequent June 23,

2015, order. That order, which required Chesley to comply with an unpaid

judgment, did not occur during the pendency of the case and therefore cannot

be viewed as being a temporary injunction. The circuit court's order did not

seek to maintain the status quo until there was an adjudication of the breach

of fiduciary duty claims (or any other claims), rather it was entered to give force

to that nearly one year-old judgment, a judgment for which Chesley had not

sought a stay by filing a supersedeas bond pursuant to CR 62.03. Instead of

being an injunction, the June 23, 2015, order was a post-judgment order in

furtherance of Respondents' efforts to collect on the outstanding judgment

against Chesley. As the order was not an injunction, we agree with the Court

of Appeals that the circuit court's June 23, 2015, order is not subject to review

under CR 65.07. Accordingly, Chesley is not entitled to relief under CR 65.09.

         Due to this determination, Chesley's claims that the circuit court

exceeded the scope of its jurisdiction in ordering him to transfer his interest in

the Ohio trust to the Respondents are not properly before this Court. Whether

the circuit court has the authority, under Kentucky Revised Statute (KRS)

                                          11
426.384, to compel a defendant to transfer property held in a foreign

jurisdiction in payment of a judgment is an issue that has yet to be addressed

by Kentucky's appellate courts. However, as that issue is not properly before

the Court on this CR 65.09 motion, we decline to address it.

      As the Boone Circuit Court's order was not an injunction, it is not

subject to interlocutory relief. Therefore, Chesley's motion for interlocutory

relief pursuant to CR 65.09 from the order of the Court of Appeals is DENIED.

      All sitting. All concur.

      ENTERED: June 16, 2016.

                                        12