Court Opinion

ID: 6121516
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-04 18:49:30.339371+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:23:29.500834
License: Public Domain

Bockes, J.:
The action was brought to-recover for the breach of a bond for the payment of money. The amount unpaid and due, according *553to the condition of the bond, was not disputed. The question on the appeal arises on the offer of the defendant to establish his claim,, as made in his answer by way of recoupment.
On the trial, the defendant offered to prove all the facts set out in his answer, and asked- to have the case submitted to the jury on those facts. The ruling of the court was against the offer, to which ruling there was an exception; a verdict was i thereupon directed for the amount duo according to the condition ,,of the bond.
It is stated in the defendant’s answer, which under the ruling . must be accepted as true, that the bond in suit, with the mortgage accompanying it, was given by the defendant on the purchase by him of sixteen lots of land, part of a farm owned by the plaintiff, known as the Poor-house farm, and on which the poor-house of Schenectady county was situated. It is further averred in the ¡answer, that the agreement to purchase was made between the par.-ties on or about the 17th of May, 1873, and was as follows : (1) that the plaintiff should, on the first of July then next following, convey to the defendant the sixteen lots of land; and (2) should, within three years from the making of the contract, remove the poor-house from the Poor-house farm; (3) that the defendant, in consideration thereof, should pay $5,145 for the lots, ten per cent thereof down; fifteen per cent on the first of July, and should secure the balance by his bond and mortgage, conditional for the payment of such balance in five years from the last-mentioned date. It is further averred, that the defendant made payment of the money agreed by him to bo paid on and prior to July first;, and also then gave the bond and mortgage as ho had agreed. As a breach of this agreement, it is averred that the plaintiff omitted to remove the poor-house within three years from the making of the contract to his great damage, and he claimed to have such damages allowed him by way of deduction from the amount due according to the condition of the bond.
Admitting the agreement set up in. the answer to be valid and binding on the plaintiff, the defendant states good ground for an' allowance, by way of recoupment or counter-claim, for such damages as he may be able to establish by legal evidence, growing out of its breach by reason of the omission on the part of the plaintiff *554to remove the poor-house within the specified time. It is urged by the respondent's counsel that the agreement is void, because of . the want .of power .in the plaintiff to enter into it, in ,so far as it relates to the provision sought to be enforced by the defendant, on which the alleged breach is.based. .This .objection is answered by the decision,in De Groff v. The American Linen Thread Co. (24 Barb., 376; same case an appeal, 21 N. Y., 124). It was there held, that even if a corporation has no power to enter into the contract, viewed as a mere corporate power, yet having- undertaken to do so, and having accepted performance by .the other party, it cannot .be permitted tq set up an excess of. authority, in excuse of its own non-performance. It was valid, too, as a .contract for the sale, of lands, although by parol, as it had been performed by the defendant, by the payment of the money agreed to be paid on and prior to July 1st, and .on. that day giving the bond and mortgage as he had agreed. Besides, the action is brought in enforcement of the bond given pursuant to the contract of, sale ; hence the plaintff cannot Ire permitted to. disjiute its validity, basing an objection either on its own want of power to enter into it, or on the statute of frauds. , The agreement on the facts stated in the answer was binding qn the plaintiff. , .........■
, It is also urged, in support of the ruling at the Circuit, that payment of the money secured by the bond and mortgage was a condition precedent to performance of the provision for the removal of the poor-house ; hence that .the letter could not be enforced without showing payment of. the bond. This is. manifestly a mistaken view of the provision, as five years' credit was given for the payment of the money ; yet fit. was .agreed, on th&. part of the plaintiff, that the poor-house should bo removed within three years from the making-of the contract. The obligation to remove the poor-house was. not .dependent on the payment of the money secured by the bond and mortgage ; .but it was an entirely independent obligation. The claim for damages .growing- out of. its breach was not, therefore, barred by reason- of the non-payment of' the bond according to its condition.
...It is further insisted, in vindication of the ruling on the trial; that the defendant seeks to.interpose a parol agreement to modify and vary a written one under seal; not so, however. The con*555tract of sale, which, contained, as is averred in the answer, the 'provision set up by the defendant, rested wholly in parol. This we are to assume from the course pursued at tho trial and the arguments submitted on the' appeal. The contract of sale was not, nor was any part of it, reduced to writing. The .deed of conveyance and the bond and mortgage were given in performance of two of the provisions of the parol contract; but they^ constituted no part of the contract itself. The provision insisted on by the defendant was, therefore, but one of several that wore agreed upon by the parties, all resting in parol; hence the objection that it adds to, modifies, or varies a written agreement is not well based in fact. It may be here added, that such provision neither modifies nor varies the provisions of the bond and mortgage or deed of conveyance, which are the only papers that- were ever executed having any relation to tho alleged contract of sale. On careful examination of the case, we are of the opinion that the proof offered on tho trial by the defendant and rejected, would -have established a counter-claim in his favor for such damages as he has sustained by reason of the non-removal of tho poor-house within the timo, agreed upon by the parties for its removal.
. It is somewhat difficult to perceive, however, how lie can have sustained any considei’able amount ■ of damage for tho cause assigned. The plaintiffs had, until May 17, 1876, to xxxako the .removal. The defendant could have no claim for damages ..fox1 the non-removal, save such as wore occasioned to him for that cause subsequexxt to that time. It appears that tho mortgage giveix by hinx covering tho sixteen lots was foreclosed, and that the sale thereunder took place Axigust 11, 1876, when tho premises were bought iix by the plaintiff, and that ever since then they have been owned by the county. Thus there was a period intervening between May 17th and August 11, 1876, two months and twexxty-five days, being the time after the plaiixtiff was in defaxxlt for the noix-removal and before the premises caine back to the county under the foreclosure. How tho defendant can have been seriously damaged, by the xi.on-removal after May seventeenth is not apparent. But what proof of damage he may-submit is xiot for us here to anticipate or conjecture. It is enough to control the decisioxi on this appeal, that he may have damages allowed lxixn oxx *556■ legal proof in that regard, and we are not at liberty, as wo think, ' to decline, as matter of law, that he cannot establish' any damages "growing out of the non-removal of the poor-house as had been 'agreed.
' Judgment should be reversed; new trial ordered; costs to abide the event.
Learned, P. J., and Boardman, J., concurred.
Judgment reversed and'new trial ordered; costs to abide the 'event.