Court Opinion

ID: 9373491
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-22 16:05:26.313674+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:48.607680
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                          MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     LORETTA ELAINE BRAXTON,                           DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                           DC-0752-14-0997-A-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS                            DATE: August 12, 2022
       AFFAIRS,
                 Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Debra L. Roth, Esquire, Washington, D.C., for the appellant.

           Jeffrey James Hatch, Roanoke, Virginia, for the agency.

                                             BEFORE

                                 Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                   Raymond A. Limon, Member
                                    Tristan L. Leavitt, Member
                            Vice Chairman Harris recused herself and
                       did not participate in the adjudication of this appeal.

                                         FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the addendum initial
     decision, which denied her motion for attorney fees.              Generally, we grant

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                        2

     petitions such as this one only in the following circumstances: the initial decision
     contains erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an
     erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of
     the law to the facts of the case; the administrative judge’s rulings during either
     the course of the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent with required
     procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the
     outcome of the case; or new and material evidence or legal argument is available
     that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record
     closed. Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 ( 5 C.F.R.
     § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that
     the petitioner has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting
     the petition for review.    Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and
     AFFIRM the initial decision, which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R.
     § 1201.113(b).

                                      BACKGROUND
¶2        On August 22, 2014, the appellant filed a Board appeal concerning her
     demotion.     Braxton    v. Department    of   Veterans   Affairs,   MSPB   Docket
     No. DC-0752-14-0997-I-1, Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 42, Initial Decision (ID)
     at 1. In his initial decision, the administrative judge found that the agency proved
     its charge of conduct unbecoming a supervisor, ID at 2 -15, but nevertheless
     ordered the agency to reverse its action because he found that the deciding
     official violated the appellant’s due process rights when she engaged in an
     ex parte communication, ID at 16-17. Specifically, the deciding official adopted
     the penalty analysis produced by the proposing official, which the administrative
     judge found was problematic because the analysis referenced aggravating factors
     not mentioned in the proposal, and the analysis was not shared with the appellant.
     ID at 16. The administrative judge also found that the appellant failed to prove
                                                                                           3

     her claim that the agency’s action was due to discrimination based on her race.
     ID at 17-20.
¶3         The initial decision became the Board’s final decision after neither party
     petitioned for review. The appellant filed a motion for attorney fees. Braxton
     v. Department of Veterans Affairs, MSPB Docket No. DC-0752-14-0997-A-1,
     Attorney Fee File (AFF), Tab 1. The administrative judge issued an ad dendum
     initial decision that denied the motion because he found that the appellant failed
     to establish that an award of attorney fees was warranted in the interest of justice.
     AFF, Tab 12, Addendum Initial Decision (AID) at 4-6.
¶4         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the addendum initial
     decision, the agency has filed a response, 2 and the appellant has filed a reply to
     the agency’s response. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tabs 1, 4 -5.

                      DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶5         The Board may require an agency to pay reasonable attorney fees incurred
     by a prevailing appellant if the Board determines that such payment is warranted
     in the interest of justice. 5 U.S.C. § 7701(g)(1). A finding that an award of
     attorney fees is warranted in the interest of justice is distinct from a finding that
     an appellant was a prevailing party. Allen v. U.S. Postal Service, 2 M.S.P.R. 420,
     427-28 (1980). Congress did not intend for prevailing appellants to be awarded
     attorney fees in the ordinary practice. Kent v. Office of Personnel Management,
     33 M.S.P.R. 361, 365 (1987). The appellant bears the burden of showing by a
     preponderance of the evidence that an attorney fees award is warranted in the
     interest of justice. 3 Lampack v. U.S. Postal Service, 29 M.S.P.R. 654, 656 (1986).

     2
      The agency’s response was untimely filed with no good cause shown, and, therefore,
     we decline to consider its arguments. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.114(g).
     3
       The Board’s regulations define preponderant evidence as the degree of relevant
     evidence that a reasonable person, considering the record as a whole, would accept as
     sufficient to find that a contested fact is more likely to be true than untrue. 5 C.F.R.
     § 1201.4(q).
                                                                                              4

¶6           Here, the appellant was clearly the prevailing party because the agency’s
     action was reversed, and she was returned to her former grade. 4 See Alexander v.
     Department of the Army, 80 M.S.P.R. 350, ¶ 5 (1998) (finding that an appellant
     may be considered a prevailing party if she succeeds on any significant issue in
     the litigation that achieves some of the benefits she sought). Accordingly, we
     must determine whether an award of attorney fees would be in the in terest of
     justice under the circumstances of this case. See 5 U.S.C. § 7701(g)(1).
¶7           The Board will determine whether fees are warranted in the interest of
     justice on a case-by-case basis with the benefit of a full record and the insights
     and reasoning of the administrative judge who heard the evidence in each case.
     Allen, 2 M.S.P.R. at 434.         The following examples are useful indications of
     circumstances considered to reflect the interest of justi ce: (1) the agency engaged
     in a prohibited personnel practice; (2) the agency action was clearly without merit
     or wholly unfounded, or the employee was substantially innocent of the charges;
     (3) the agency initiated the action in bad faith; (4) the agency committed a gross
     procedural error, which prolonged the proceeding or severely prejudiced the
     employee; and (5) the agency knew or should have known that it would not
     prevail on the merits when it brought the action. Allen, 2 M.S.P.R. at 434-35.
     This list is illustrative, not exhaustive, id. at 435, and the Board retains discretion
     to deny attorney fees even when one of these circumstances is present if it would
     not be in the interest of justice to award fees, see id. at 433.
¶8           In some circumstances, when an agency’s action has been reversed on
     procedural due process grounds, the Board has awarded attorney fees pursuant to
     Allen categories 2 and 4.           See, e.g., Mitchell v. Department of the Navy,
     51 M.S.P.R. 103, 116 (1991) (finding an award of attorney fees warranted
     because a suspension was clearly without merit when the agency failed to provide
     any predecisional notice or opportunity to respond, and the action therefore could

     4
         The agency did not contest this point below or on review. PFR File, Tab 4 at 5 -6.
                                                                                        5

     not have been sustained on appeal), overruled on other grounds by Abbott v. U.S.
     Postal Service, 121 M.S.P.R. 294 (2014); Woodall v. Federal Energy Regulatory
     Commission, 33 M.S.P.R. 127, 134 (1987) (finding an award of attorney fees
     warranted because the agency engaged in gross procedural error by suspending an
     employee without any predecisional notice or opportunity to respond). The Board
     also has awarded attorney fees pursuant to Allen category 5 when an agency knew
     or should have known that its penalty would be mitigated, in part, because it
     improperly considered allegations of misconduct that were not included in the
     proposal notice in making its penalty determination.          Brunning v. General
     Services Administration, 63 M.S.P.R. 490, 492-95 (1994). 5 However, the primary
     basis for the penalty mitigation in Brunning was that the agency failed to prove
     many of its allegations against the appellant. Id.
¶9        Under the facts of this case, in which the appellant prevailed solely on her
     due process claim, we find that the most relevant Allen factor to consider is
     whether the agency committed gross procedural error.            The Board is not
     constrained to automatically find gross procedural error whenever an appellant
     obtains a reversal on procedural due process grounds.          See Price v. Social
     Security Administration, 398 F.3d 1322, 1326 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (finding that the
     Board is not deprived of its discretion over attorney fees in any case in which a
     due process hearing is improperly denied); cf. Wright v. Department of the Army,
     5 M.S.P.R. 216, 218 (1981) (finding that an attorney fee award was not warranted
     in the interest of justice despite the agency’s failure to apply the procedural
     requirements for effecting an adverse action).        The Board will find gross

     5
       In Brunning, the Board did not indicate that the agency’s improper consideration of
     the appellant’s past misconduct constituted a due process violation.       Brunning,
     63 M.S.P.R. at 492-95. However, Brunning was decided before the U.S. Court of
     Appeals for the Federal Circuit overruled the Board’s holding that ex parte
     communications solely concerning penalty determinations did not constitute due
     process violations. Ward v. U.S. Postal Service, 634 F.3d 1274, 1279-80 (Fed. Cir.
     2011).
                                                                                         6

      procedural error only after weighing the nature of , and any excuse for, the error
      against the prejudice and burden resulting for the appellant.           Baldwin v.
      Department of Veterans Affairs, 115 M.S.P.R. 413, ¶ 17 (2010).           If, in the
      balance, the prejudice and burden to the appellant predominates, gross procedural
      error exists, and the appellant is entitled to a fee award. Id.
¶10         The nature of the error in this case, i.e., an ex parte communication, is not
      one that requires a reversal in every case.      See Ward v. U.S. Postal Service,
      634 F.3d 1274, 1279 (Fed. Cir. 2011). Instead, only those communications that
      introduce new and material information to the deciding official will undermine an
      appellant’s due process rights.     Id.   Here, although the administrative judge
      ultimately concluded that the ex parte communication at issue required a reversal,
      ID at 15-16, there is no indication that the conclusion that the agency violated the
      appellant’s due process rights was not debatable among reasonable people . Cf.
      Price, 398 F.3d at 1327 (finding that an attorney fees award was not warranted in
      the interest of justice when, among other things, the agency had some reasonable
      legal basis for denying the appellant certain due process rights); Wood v.
      Department of Defense, 100 M.S.P.R. 133, ¶ 11 (2005) (finding that, in the
      whistleblower context, for an agency action to constitute “gross” mismanagement ,
      a conclusion that the agency erred cannot be debatable among reasonable people).
      The appellant has failed to demonstrate that she suffered any more prejudice or
      harm than is normally suffered by those who obtain relief from the Board. See
      Price, 398 F.3d at 1327.       Further, when the Board has found attorney fees
      warranted for due process errors in the past, those errors were such that the
      appellants were provided with little to no predecisional notice or opportunity to
      be heard.    See, e.g., Mitchell, 51 M.S.P.R. at 116; Mercer v. Department of
      Health & Human Services, 42 M.S.P.R. 115, 121-22 (1989); Woodall,
      33 M.S.P.R. at 134; Coltrane v. Department of the Army, 32 M.S.P.R. 6, 9 (1986).
      Here, by contrast, the agency gave the appellant substantial predecisional notice
      of the reasons for her demotion and an opportunity to respond but for the
                                                                                            7

      agency’s failure to provide notice of the penalty-factor analysis that the proposing
      official provided to the deciding official. ID at 2-4, 16-17.
¶11         For these reasons, we will not disturb the determination of the
      administrative judge who decided in the underlying appeal that the appellant
      failed to establish that the particular procedural error at issue was so egregious as
      to constitute gross procedural error under the circumstances of this case . AID
      at 4-5. We also find no basis to disturb the administrative judge’s determination
      that none of the other circumstances for awarding fees specified in Allen,
      2 M.S.P.R. at 434-35, are present here. AID at 4-6. The appellant has neither
      argued nor proven that she was substantially innocent of the charges or that the
      agency knew or should have known it would not prove its charges or lacked a
      valid basis for its action, and we find that attorney fees are not warranted on those
      bases. Additionally, for the reasons stated above, we find that the appellant has
      failed to show that the agency action was “clearly” taken without due process or
      that the agency “knew or should have known” that the action would be reversed
      on due process grounds. We find no evidence of any other circumstances in the
      existing record that would support an award of attorney fees in the interest of
      justice.   Accordingly, we affirm the addendum initial decision denying the
      appellant’s request for an award of attorney fees.

                               NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 6
             You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By
      statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such
      review and the appropriate forum with which to file.            5 U.S.C. § 7703(b).
      Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit
      Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most

      6
        Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
      the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
      Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                       8

appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a
statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their
jurisdiction.   If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should
immediately review the law applicable to your claims and carefully follow all
filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file within the applicable time
limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum.
      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions
about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit   your   petition   to   the   court    at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
                                                                                    9

for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or   EEOC     review   of   cases     involving    a   claim   of
discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court ( not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.     5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. ____ , 137 S. Ct. 1975 (2017).              If you have a
representative in this case, and your representative receives this decision before
you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar days
after your representative receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of
discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling
condition, you may be entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and
to waiver of any requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security. See
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
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with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                  P.O. Box 77960
                             Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant     to   the   Whistleblower       Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section
2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i),
(B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either with the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 7   The court of appeals must receive your petition for

7
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115-195,
132 Stat. 1510.
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review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.          5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                             U.S. Court of Appeals
                             for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                            Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:                            /s/ for
                                          Jennifer Everling
                                          Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.