Court Opinion

ID: 2647921
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-12-31 19:23:31.824313+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:57:28.840104
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                                  GOURT
                                                                                  COURT OF APPEAL
                                                                                       MMSI   11

                                                                                  2013 DEC 31    AM 9: 16

                                                                                  STATE OF WASHM i 0M

                                                                                  B Y.
                                                                                           E UTY

    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

                                                   DIVISION II

STATE OF WASHINGTON,

                                      Respondent,                             No. 43448 -2 -II

        V.

JOSEPH LIEF WOLF,                                                    UNPUBLISHED OPINION

                                      Appellant.

        MAXA, J. — Joseph          Wolf appeals an order revoking his special sex offender sentencing

alternative (   SSOSA),      claiming that he was denied due process, his counsel was ineffective, and

the trial court abused its discretion in ordering revocation. We affirm because Wolf requested

the procedure he now challenges and he did receive due process, his counsel' s request for an

immediate hearing represented a legitimate strategy decision and therefore was not ineffective,

and the trial court had a reasonable basis for its revocation order.

                                                      FACTS

        On October 9, 2008, Wolf pleaded guilty to two counts of first degree child rape.

Following the terms of the plea agreement, the sentencing court imposed 131. 9 months of

confinement with 119. 9 months suspended on the primary condition that Wolf successfully
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complete a     three -year   outpatient sex offender   treatment   program.

1 RCW 9. 94A.670, the SSOSA statute, authorizes the trial court to suspend a first time offender' s
sentence     if he is   amenable   to treatment.
No. 43448 -2 -II

            Wolf violated his SSOSA conditions several times. On July 24, 2009, the trial court

found a violation for having contact with minors. On November 13, 2009, the trial court found a

violation for leaving Pierce County. On March 12, 2010, the trial court found a violation for

viewing pornography. On July 20, 2011, the trial court found seven violations: being terminated

from treatment, having an unauthorized romantic relationship, having unauthorized use of the

Internet, consuming the synthetic marijuana drug Spice, consuming marijuana, being untruthful

to   his   treatment   provider and      community      corrections officer (         CCO),     and failing to make

satisfactory progress in treatment. At the July 20 hearing the trial court indicated that it was

giving Wolf one last chance.

            On February 9, 2012, the Washington State Department of Corrections ( DOC) filed a

notice of another infraction with the superior court. Wolf appeared for hearing on February 24.

At the time of the hearing, the State had not filed a petition for revocation. There was some

initial confusion as to whether the matter was scheduled for a review hearing or a revocation

hearing. However, Wolf was aware of the violations and stipulated that he had consumed

methamphetamine and Spice. He also stipulated to the fact pattern supporting the third alleged

violation that he was dishonest with his treatment provider. Wolf knew that the State was

seeking revocation.

            Despite the absence of a written revocation petition, Wolf' s counsel wanted to hold the

revocation      hearing immediately.           In his initial   remarks      to the   court,   defense    counsel noted, "   I

would       normally   require   that    we   have   a petition   filed before    we proceed.....           Time is of the

essence, from my perspective and I think Mr. Wolfs perspective, if the Court were to follow the

recommendations          that   we' re   going to    propose.     I don' t   want     to   delay this   matter."   Report of

Proceedings ( RP) ( Feb. 24, 2012) at 5.               When the trial court asked defense counsel again to

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No. 43448 -2 -II

explain why he was willing to proceed without the State having first filed a petition, defense

counsel stated:

       He'    s   stipulating to     all   three   violations,   in   essence. [    The prosecutor] is going to
        file a petition that alleges what she just told the Court. The third violation is that
       he   was        dishonest   with    his treatment     provider.    He' s stipulated to facts that I think
        are sufficient for you to make whatever finding you want.

        State'    s    going to    recommend          revocation,       prison     ten   years. [   Wolf' s CCO],   I

       believe, is going to recommend 30 days as a sanction. With all due respect, I'm
       going to ask you give him 18 days. The reason I picked that figure is he will be
        out       on    Sunday     night    and     able   to   get   back   into    schooling. I' ve     submitted
        documents. I know [ his CCO] has submitted documents to the Court. So I' m
        prepared to proceed. I know that you were, perhaps, caught off guard this was
        going to go forward as a revocation hearing.

        I can tell you from my perspective, again, time is of the essence. If we were to set
        this over even a week, which normally would be my preference and I would give
        the prosecutor a chance to file the petition, but I already know what the

        allegations are or are going to be. He' s going to lose schooling, if we set this over
        even one week. He'll still maintain his housing and treatment, but he' s going to
        get removed from school. [ The attorney for TeamChild] can speak to that in more

        detail than I can, but that' s why I would like to proceed today. I think all of the
        information that I can possibly get I have gotten and given to the Court.

RP ( Feb. 24, 2012) at 11 - 12.

        The trial court decided to proceed with the revocation hearing and then heard argument

from the prosecutor, defense counsel, the community corrections officer, and the attorney

representing TeamChild. The trial court then found the three alleged violations and revoked

Wolf' s SSOSA.

        The State filed a revocation petition three days later on February 27. The petition

contained the same information that had been presented at the hearing. Through new counsel,

Wolf filed a motion for reconsideration. The trial court conducted a full hearing on Wolf' s

motion.   After the       hearing,   the trial     court   denied the   motion.     Wolf    appeals.
No. 43448 -2 -II

                                                   ANALYSIS

A.       DUE PROCESS

          Because the revocation of a suspended sentence is not a criminal proceeding, a defendant

is entitled only to minimal due process rights in a revocation proceeding. State v. Dahl, 139

Wn.2d 678, 683,. 990 P. 2d 396 ( 1999).              This minimal due process for an offender facing

revocation of a      SSOSA     requires (    1)   written notice of   the   claimed violations, ( 2)   disclosure of the

evidence against      the   offender, ( 3)    an   opportunity to be heard, ( 4) the right to confront and cross-

examine witnesses, (        5) a neutral and detached hearing body, and ( 6) a statement by the court of

the evidence relied on and the reasons for the revocation. Dahl, 139 Wn.2d at 683 ( citing

Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 92 S. Ct. 2593, 33 L. Ed. 2d 484 ( 1972)).

          Wolf argues that he was denied even minimal due process at his revocation hearing

because ( 1) he did       not get written notification of        the claimed    violations, ( 2)   the trial court based

its   revocation   decision   on   hearsay    evidence, (   3) the trial court found the violations based on

defense    counsel' s stipulation     to   unverified    facts   and on a   improper legal   conclusion, (   4) de novo

review of the record shows the denial of minimal due process, and ( 5) the order reflects the lack

of due process. However, Wolf waived his first four arguments. The record reflects that Wolf

requested the trial court' s procedure. Wolf urged the court to proceed without a written .

revocation petition. He did not object to the presentation of hearsay evidence. He stipulated to

the alleged violations.

          In State   v.   Robinson, 120 Wn.         App.   294, 299 -300, 85 P. 3d 376 ( 2004), the defendant

claimed due process violations because of lack of notice, the State' s use of hearsay, and the trial

court' s failure to make a written statement of the evidence it relied on. Division One of this

court refused to consider the notice and hearsay claims because Robinson did not object at the

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No. 43448 -2 -II

trial court. Robinson, 120 Wn. App. at 299 -300. And it found that the trial court' s failure to

state the evidence it relied on was not fatal because the record was sufficient to determine the

trial court' s reasons. Robinson, 120 Wn.   App.   at   300 -01.   Robinson controls here.

       Further, Wolf did receive due process following the trial court' s initial decision. The trial

court conducted a full hearing on Wolf's motion for reconsideration. Wolf cannot claim that he

did not have an opportunity to be heard.

       As to his fifth claim, Wolf faults the trial court' s written order because ( 1) it states that

the matter came on for a regular hearing when, in fact, it had been noted as a review hearing not

a revocation hearing and ( 2) it states that the trial court had read the petition when, in fact, the

petition did not exist at that time. He argues that this court should void the order because it

contains false statements.

        The record reflects that the trial court was surprised that the parties wanted a revocation

hearing because the docket reflected that a review hearing was scheduled. The trial court stated:

        If the three of you are willing to proceed with this as a revocation hearing, with
        the petition being filed after the fact, I' m willing to proceed. I want you to know
        that' s not what was noted in front of me. This simply is report on a violation as
        far as I can tell.

RP ( Feb. 24, 2012) at 11 - 12. After Wolf explained that time was of the essence and he did not

want to wait, the trial court agreed to proceed with a revocation hearing. We fail to see any basis

for voiding the revocation order because it says it came on for a regular hearing.

        We also are not persuaded that because the boilerplate order states that the trial court

considered the petition before the hearing there is a basis to void the order. The trial court had

made its decision after reading the CCO violation report, listening to Wolf's stipulations, and

considering the recommendations of the prosecutor, Wolf' s CCO and Wolf. We agree with the

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No. 43448 -2 -II

State that under these circumstances not striking the boilerplate language was a scrivener' s error,

not a due process violation. The remedy for clerical or scrivener' s errors in judgment and

sentence forms is remand to the trial court for correction. In re Pers. Restraint ofMayer, 128

Wn.   App.   694, 701- 02, 117 P. 3d 353 ( 2005) ( citing CrR 7. 8(     a));   see   RAP 7. 2( e).       Here, though,

Wolf does not seek that form of relief and so we do not remand. Wolf' s due process claims fail.

B.       INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL

         Wolf claims that counsel' s performance at the revocation hearing denied him his right to

effective assistance of counsel because ( 1) defense counsel' s conduct was not objectively

reasonable and ( 2) it is likely that the court would have imposed confinement rather than

revocation had defense counsel protected Wolf' s due process rights. We disagree.

         This court reviews claims of ineffective assistance of counsel de novo. State v. Sutherby,

165 Wn. 2d 870, 883, 204 P. 3d 916 ( 2009). To prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel

claim, the defendant must show both that ( 1) defense counsel' s representation was " deficient"

and ( 2) the deficient representation prejudiced the defendant. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U. S.

668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 ( 1984); State v. Grier, 171 Wn.2d 17, 32 -33, 246

P. 3d 1260 ( 2011).   Representation is deficient if, after considering all the circumstances, it falls

below    an objective standard of reasonableness.         Grier, 171 Wn.2d       at   33.    Prejudice exists if there

is a reasonable probability that except for counsel' s errors, the result of the proceeding would

have differed. Grier, 171 Wn.2d at 34.

         This court gives great deference to trial counsel' s performance and begins its analysis

with a   strong   presumption   that   counsel was reasonable.       Grier, 171 Wn.2d            at   33. A claim that

trial counsel provided ineffective assistance does not survive if trial counsel' s conduct can be

characterized as    legitimate trial strategy   or   tactic.    Grier, 171 Wn.2d      at   33.   To rebut the strong

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No. 43448 -2 -II

presumption   that   counsel' s performance was effective, "     the defendant bears the burden of

establishing the absence of any ` conceivable legitimate tactic explaining counsel' s

performance.' "      Grier, 171 Wn.2d   at   42 ( emphasis   omitted) (   quoting State v. Reichenbach, 153

Wn.2d 126, 130, 101 P. 3d 80 ( 2004)).

       We find neither prong satisfied here. The trial court and the parties were intimately

aware of the facts. Including the plea and sentencing, there were 16 hearings over a three -and-

one -
    half year period. Defense counsel represented Wolf in all but the motion for

reconsideration. Over that course of time, defense counsel kept Wolf in the SSOSA program in

spite of Wolf's repeated violations of the sentencing conditions. Everyone agreed that Wolf had

a low risk of reoffense and that his best chance of success was in a community -based treatment

program. Wolf suffered from mental disorders, substance abuse addiction, and a troubling

family history. The trial court had articulated that Wolf' s greatest chance of success was

education and praised Wolf for completing his general educational development certification and

being an honors student in college.

        Defense counsel' s urgency in resolving the revocation threat was to keep Wolf in school.

Emphasizing school appears to be an attempt to focus the trial court' s attention on that positive

aspect of Wolf' s life. This was a reasonable tactic in that the trial court in prior hearings had

shown a willingness to allow Wolf' s team of therapists and advocates to work toward making

Wolf successful. Further, given Wolf's multiple prior violations, stipulating to current violations

and pleading for mercy was a reasonable strategy.

        We also do not find prejudice. The trial court ultimately decided that a SSOSA was

inappropriate for Wolf because his issues were so complex. The trial court was intimately

familiar with this case, having held all of the review hearings since June 2011 and having

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No. 43448 -2 -II

presided over the July 2011 revocation hearing in which a new team approach to Wolf' s issues

resulted. At the revocation hearing, defense counsel made an impassioned plea for leniency, yet

the trial court decided that Wolf just simply was not an appropriate candidate for a SSOSA.

There is no indication that the trial court' s decision would have been different if the revocation

hearing procedure would have been different. Further, Wolf obtained new counsel for the

motion for reconsideration, presented new evidence to the trial court, and again pleaded for an

approach different than revocation. Again, the trial court denied the motion. There seems little

or no likelihood that the result would have differed had defense counsel demanded a full hearing

at the outset. Wolf' s ineffective assistance of counsel claim fails.

C.       REVOCATION DECISION

         Wolf claims that the trial court abused its discretion in revoking his SSOSA because it ( 1)

did   so without even   providing   minimal   due   process, (   2) relied solely on hearsay evidence, and

 3) denied his motion for reconsideration when it had revoked his SSOSA without observing

minimal due process.

         We review a trial court' s decision to revoke a SSOSA for an abuse of discretion. State v.

Miller, 159 Wn.    App.   911, 918, 247 P. 3d 457 ( 2011).        A trial court abuses its discretion when its

ruling is manifestly unreasonable or is based on untenable grounds or reasons. Miller, 159 Wn.

App. at 918. A decision based on an error of law may constitute an abuse of discretion. Miller,

159 Wn. App. at 918. A trial court may revoke a SSOSA " at any time where there is sufficient

proof to reasonably satisfy a trial court that the defendant has violated a condition of the

suspended sentence or     has failed to   make   satisfactory    progress   in treatment.   Miller, 159 Wn.

App. at 917 -18 ( citing State v. McCormick, 166 Wn.2d 689, 705, 213 P. 3d 32 ( 2009)).

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No. 43448 -2 -II

       Wolf contends that the trial court' s decision to hold the revocation hearing without

respecting Wolf's minimal due process rights was a legal error and thus an abuse of discretion.

We disagree. The trial court relied on the parties' assent to hold the hearing and only after

offering to have a hearing at a later date and having defense counsel insist on having the hearing

that day did it agree to do so. It is clear that Wolf knew about the alleged violations, stipulated to

two of them, and stipulated to the facts surrounding the third. In that posture, there was no need

for an evidentiary hearing as to the fact of the violations. And the trial court' s reliance on

hearsay was both invited and appropriate under the circumstances presented here.

        As to the actual decision to revoke rather than consider other alternatives, the trial court' s

reasons were sound, based on its history with Wolf. As we noted above, the trial court had had a

full evidentiary hearing seven months before and then only hesitantly gave Wolf another chance

because of the complexity of issues affecting him. The trial court did not violate Wolf' s minimal

due process rights and thus did not abuse its discretion.

        The trial court also did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for reconsideration.

After hearing from Wolf' s new counsel and his CCO, the attorney for TeamChild, and a

representative from the Post -
                             Prison Education Project House, the trial court did reassess its

decision to revoke. But the court concluded:

                     You' ve asked me to reconsider based on a new plan and a plan that, I
        think, is probably the best possible plan that could be put together, but the truth is
        that [ Wolf] has been given extraordinary support and opportunity that I have not
        seen in any other SSOSA candidate that has been in front of me, and despite
        everything that he was given, he still has not been able to succeed.

        I think [ his CCO] kind of struck a chord there, is that given the complexity of the
        substance abuse and mental health issues, he' s not supervisable by [ DOC]... .
                   It' s that he has had extraordinary resources that were devoted to him.
        He   still   hasn' t been   able   to   succeed.   Perhaps the   mistake   that   was made was mine
 No. 43448 -2 -II

             in giving him the opportunity in July, when we knew at that time that he had
             substance abuse issues.

 RP ( Apr. 27, 2012)         at   52 -54.   Wolf fails to show that this well- reasoned approach was an abuse

     of discretion.

             We affirm.

             A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the

     Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW

     2. 06. 040, it is so ordered.

                                                              MAXA, J.
                                                                                    J,
     We concur:

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                   A.C. J.
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