Court Opinion

ID: 4293301
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-07-11 20:04:08.576052+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:38:30.543212
License: Public Domain

FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                             JUL 11 2018
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DANIEL KRIPKE, on behalf of himself              No.   17-55146
and the general public,
                                                 D.C. No.
              Plaintiff-Appellant,               3:16-cv-01214-H-BLM

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
U.S. FOOD & DRUG
ADMINISTRATION; et al.,

              Defendants-Appellees.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Southern District of California
                     Marilyn L. Huff, District Judge, Presiding

                        Argued and Submitted June 7, 2018
                              Pasadena, California

Before: D.W. NELSON and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges, and SHEA,** District
Judge.

      Daniel Kripke filed this action against the U.S. Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) alleging the FDA unreasonably delayed deciding his citizen

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The Honorable Edward F. Shea, United States District Judge for the
Eastern District of Washington, sitting by designation.
petition. The district court dismissed Kripke’s complaint with prejudice for failure

to state a claim. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. 1291, and we affirm.

      1. The district court erred by dismissing Kripke’s claims on the merits

without first deciding whether Kripke had standing to sue. See Righthaven LLC v.

Hoehn, 716 F.3d 1166, 1172 (9th Cir. 2013). As such, we address standing in the

first instance and independently dismiss Kripke’s complaint on the merits.

      2. Kripke has Article III standing. Kripke properly alleged: (1) the FDA has

violated procedural rules—specifically, 5 U.S.C. § 706(1), 21 U.S.C. §§ 351, 352,

355; and 21 C.F.R. § 10.30(e)—by unlawfully withholding or unreasonably

delaying its response to Kripke’s citizen petition; (2) the FDA’s failure to adhere to

these rules affects both his concrete interest as a treating physician and as a

researcher who funds studies on the harmful side effects of hypnotic drugs; and (3)

the FDA’s failure to act on Kripke’s citizen petition threatens those interests. See

Friends of Santa Clara River v. United States Army Corps of Engineers, 887 F.3d
906, 918 (9th Cir. 2018). Kripke also properly alleged that the FDA’s adherence to

these rules may influence the FDA’s stance on the safety and efficacy of hypnotic

drugs. See id.

      3. Kripke has standing to pursue his procedural claim under the

Administrative Procedure Act (APA). See Havasupai Tribe v. Provencio, 876 F.3d
2
1242, 1253 (9th Cir. 2017). Kripke’s clinical practice comprises of patients with

sleeping disorders who take, or express an interest in being treated with, hypnotic

drugs. He is also a researcher who has devoted many years to studying the side

effects of hypnotic drugs, and he seeks to raise safety and efficacy concerns

associated with the widespread use of hypnotic drugs that have been previously

approved by the FDA. Given these allegations, Kripke’s stake puts him squarely

within the zone of interest of the FDA regulations. See 21 C.F.R. §§ 10.25(a),

10.30.

         4. Kripke’s claims fail on the merits. The FDA complied with 21 C.F.R. §

10.30(e) when it responded to Kripke’s citizen petition within 180 days. The

FDA’s response does not constitute an abuse of discretion. As expressly permitted

by 21 C.F.R. § 10.30(e)(2)(iv), the FDA provided Kripke with an interim response

stating that it was unable to reach a decision. The FDA’s failure to resolve

Kripke’s complex citizen petition within seven months of its filing was not

unreasonable—Kripke’s petition included over 100 references and eight requests

concerning at least ten previously approved drugs.

         5. The district court did not err by denying Kripke leave to amend his

complaint because any amendment would have been futile. See Newton v. Parker

Drilling Mgmt. Servs., Ltd., 881 F.3d 1078, 1083 (9th Cir. 2018).

                                            3
AFFIRMED.

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