Court Opinion

ID: 2743842
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-10-20 19:06:38.563359+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:53:34.321109
License: Public Domain

J-S54041-14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

JAMES EDWARD FARLEY

                            Appellant                No. 804 MDA 2014

             Appeal from the PCRA Order entered November 7, 2013
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Susquehanna County
                 Criminal Division at No: CP-58-CR-0000430-2006

BEFORE: LAZARUS, MUNDY, and STABILE, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                        FILED OCTOBER 20, 2014

        Appellant, James Edward Farley, appeals from the order entered on

November 7, 2013 in the Court of Common Pleas of Susquehanna County,

denying Appellant’s petition for collateral relief filed pursuant to the Post

Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.      Upon review,

we affirm.

        The underlying facts gleaned from the record are as follows. Appellant

was arrested on December 7, 2006 and charged in four separate cases

involving, inter alia, burglary, robbery, simple assault, and criminal attempt

at theft by unlawful taking.1 Prior to trial on the various criminal charges,

the Susquehanna County District Attorney brought a civil forfeiture case
____________________________________________

1
    18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3502(a), 3701(a)(1)(ii), 2701(a)(1), and 901(a).
J-S54041-14

against Appellant’s automobile, a 1997 Hyundai Accent. In an order dated

April 24, 2007, the trial court ordered forfeiture of the Hyundai Accent as

derivative contraband, finding:

        Testimony during the hearing of April 20th, 2007, indicated that
        the car was used to transport [Appellant] to and from the scenes
        of several crimes, including those for which he is presently
        charged. While the vehicle was not used in the commission of
        the crime per se, it was an essential part of the sequence of
        events that led to the crimes. . . . [T]he nexus of person and
        crime could not be possible without the vehicle, which was the
        only vehicle Farley had ever been seen driving[,] and testimony
        indicated that the guns stolen from [a victim’s] home were
        transported in Farley’s vehicle. As such the Commonwealth is
        entitled to the forfeiture of the car because it is derivative
        contraband.

PCRA Court Opinion and Order, 4/24/07, at 3-4.2

        On January 11, 2008, following a jury trial, Appellant was found guilty

of the charges listed above. On February 14, 2008, he was sentenced to a

term of imprisonment of not less than 25 years and not more than 50 years

____________________________________________

2
    This Court has explained:

        Contraband per se is property whose possession is unlawful;
        derivative contraband is property which is innocent in itself but
        which has been used in the perpetration of an unlawful act.
        Property is not derivative contraband, however, merely because
        it is owned or used by someone who has been engaged in
        criminal conduct. Rather, the Commonwealth must establish a
        specific nexus between the property and the alleged criminal
        activity.

Petition of Koenig, 663 A.2d 725, 726 (Pa. Super. 1995).

                                           -2-
J-S54041-14

in a state correctional institution. Following denial of post-sentence motions,

trial counsel filed a direct appeal to this Court.

      On March 13, 2009, while the appeal was pending, Appellant filed a

pro se PCRA petition.      The Commonwealth’s motion to dismiss for lack of

jurisdiction was granted without prejudice on March 18, 2009.

      On March 27, 2009, the trial court appointed PCRA counsel, even

though trial counsel continued to represent Appellant as direct appeal

counsel.    On June 8, 2009, this Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of

sentence and granted direct appeal counsel’s petition to withdraw.

      On April 23, 2010, Appellant filed an amended pro se PCRA petition

contending his 2008 criminal trial constituted double jeopardy because the

criminal charges were litigated by the Commonwealth in the 2007 forfeiture

hearing. Appellant subsequently filed a petition for writ of mandamus with

our Supreme Court seeking review of his PCRA petition.             On January 5,

2011, the Supreme Court closed Appellant’s docket stating that the

pleadings    were    not   in   compliance     with   Pa.R.A.P.    3304    (Hybrid

Representation), which provides that any pleading filed by a litigant who is

represented by counsel shall not be docketed but instead shall be forwarded

to counsel of record.

      On March 8, 2011, PCRA counsel filed a petition for removal of court

appointed   counsel.       On   March   24,   2011,   the   PCRA   court   ordered

appointment of substitute court appointed counsel. Substitute counsel filed

                                        -3-
J-S54041-14

a petition for leave to withdraw on April 29, 2011.       By order entered the

same day, the petition was granted and Appellant was granted permission to

proceed pro se.

      On January 4, 2012, Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition, which the

PCRA court dismissed as time-barred on February 17, 2012. Appellant filed

an appeal to this Court. By order dated October 15, 2012, we vacated the

PCRA court’s order and remanded for appointment of counsel and further

proceedings on Appellant’s April 23, 2010 PCRA petition. New PCRA counsel

was appointed and Appellant filed a motion to remove that counsel. Counsel

then filed a motion to withdraw. After the motion to withdraw was denied,

Appellant filed a motion to proceed pro se. On June 7, 2013, the PCRA court

granted Appellant’s motion and also granted counsel leave to withdraw.

      On June 27, 2013, Appellant filed an amended PCRA petition.             On

October 17, 2013, the PCRA court gave notice of its intention to dismiss the

petition without a hearing and issued an opinion explaining that the petition

lacked arguable merit. Appellant filed a response dated November 4, 2013

in which he again asserted his double jeopardy argument, contending his

2008 criminal trial was “a relitigation of the crimes litigated at the forfeiture

hearing.” Petitioner’s Response to Notice of Intent to Dismiss, 11/4/13, at

3.   By Order dated November 7, 2013, the PCRA court denied Appellant’s

petition without a hearing. This timely pro se appeal followed.

      Appellant asks this Court to consider two issues:

                                      -4-
J-S54041-14

            Whether the PCRA [c]ourt’s determination to deny
      Appellant’s Petition for Post-Conviction Collateral Relief is
      supported by Pa. Rules of Criminal Procedure; Pa. Statutory law;
      and the facts of this case as are established in the certified
      record.

             Is it not ineffective assistance of counsel when the trial
      counsel is present at both the civil forfeiture hearing that
      litigates criminal charges against his client and subsequent
      criminal trial for the same crimes and remains silent as to double
      jeopardy?

Appellant’s Brief at 7.

      “In reviewing the denial of PCRA relief, we examine whether the PCRA

court's determination ‘is supported by the record and free of legal error.’”

Commonwealth v. Fears, 86 A.3d 795, 803 (Pa. 2014) (quoting

Commonwealth v. Rainey, 928 A.2d 215, 223 (Pa. Super. 2007)).

Further,

      To be entitled to PCRA relief, appellant must establish, by a
      preponderance of the evidence, his conviction or sentence
      resulted from one or more of the enumerated errors in 42
      Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2), his claims have not been previously
      litigated or waived, and the failure to litigate the issue prior to or
      during trial, . . . or on direct appeal could not have been the
      result of any rational, strategic or tactical decision by counsel.

Id. (citation and quotations omitted).

      As mentioned above, Appellant couches his first issue in general terms

of whether the PCRA court’s denial of his PCRA petition is supported by law

and the facts of record. From his brief, it is obvious that the first issue he is

asking this Court to review is a double jeopardy claim. Contending double

jeopardy should have been a bar to his trial on the criminal charges on

                                      -5-
J-S54041-14

which he was convicted, Appellant then argues, in his second issue,

ineffectiveness of trial counsel for failing to raise double jeopardy.3

       Appellant contends the record unequivocally proves that the criminal

charges filed against him were litigated and determined in his civil forfeiture

proceeding, resulting in a final judgment months before the “criminal trial for

the same criminal charges.” Appellant’s Brief at 7. As such, he argues, he

is “entitled, by Constitutional law, to relief on the issue of double jeopardy.”

____________________________________________

3
  Although Appellant couches his first issue in terms of the appropriateness
of the denial of his PCRA petition, he also states that the “sole issue before
this Court is that [Appellant] is entitled, by Constitutional law, to relief on
the issue of double jeopardy.”       Appellant’s Brief at 14 (“Summary of
Argument”). In his Table of Contents, under the heading “Argument,”
Appellant suggests:

        “Criminal charges filed in informations in December, 2006 and
       January, 2007 were litigated by the Commonwealth in a civil
       forfeiture proceeding on April 20, 2007. The criminal trial of
       January 10, 2008, for those same charges would have been
       foreclosed if trial had been constrained by law. Pro se appellant
       raised issue of double jeopardy in P.C.R.A. petition filed on April
       23, 2010. Conviction from criminal trial should be vacated.”

Appellant’s Brief at i. A double jeopardy claim, in and of itself, is not a
cognizable claim under the PCRA. While relief is available if a conviction
results from “(i) A violation of the Constitution . . . which, in the
circumstances of the particular case, so undermined the truth-determining
process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken
place,” under 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(i), we read Appellant’s brief to raise
an ineffectiveness of counsel claim based trial counsel’s ineffectiveness
under § 9543(a)(2)(ii) for “silen[ce] as to double jeopardy.” Appellant’s
Brief at 7.

                                           -6-
J-S54041-14

Appellant’s Brief at 14.4 We reject Appellant’s assertion that the forfeiture

proceeding constituted a “criminal trial for the same criminal charges.”

       In Commonwealth v. Trayer, 680 A.2d 1166 (Pa. Super. 1996), this

Court recognized that “[w]hen evaluating a double jeopardy challenge in the

context of multiple punishments, the court must find the civil forfeiture

indeed constituted a punishment.” Id. at 1167. In Trayer, as in the case

before us, the appellant’s vehicle was forfeited.   The forfeiture proceeding

took place prior to Trayer’s criminal trial on various drug charges and Trayer

did not appeal the order directing forfeiture of his car and his cell phone.

Trayer filed a pre-trial motion to dismiss the criminal charges against him,

claiming double jeopardy would result if he were tried in the criminal case.

The trial court denied the motion and this Court affirmed, agreeing with the

trial court that:

       [Trayer’s] automobile was forfeited because it was used to
       facilitate the transportation, possession and concealment of the
       cocaine that forms the basis of this criminal case, and the
       cellular phone was forfeited because it was used to facilitate the
       exchange of the controlled substance, property was forfeitable
       because it was significantly used in the commission of this
       alleged drug offense. Prosecuting defendant now on the criminal
       charge will not subject him to multiple punishment that will
       violate the Double Jeopardy Clause.

Trayer, 680 A.2d at 1167-68 (citations omitted).       The Trayer Court also

found support for its decision in United States v. Ursery (“Ursery II”),
____________________________________________

4
  Further, Appellant notes he is not contesting the PCRA court’s failure to
grant a hearing. Appellant’s Brief at 14.

                                           -7-
J-S54041-14

518 U.S. 267, 274-78 (1996), in which the United States Supreme Court

held that “in the history of both common law and statutory forfeiture, as

unwaveringly decided by the Court, a civil proceeding designated in rem, as

opposed to in personam [involving penalties such as fines], is remedial and

neither punishment nor criminal so as to implicate double jeopardy.”

Trayer, 680 A.2d at 1167, n. 5.

      The PCRA court likewise determined that the forfeiture proceedings

against Appellant were neither punishment nor criminal and, therefore, did

not subject Appellant to double jeopardy. Citing Ursery II, the PCRA court

determined that the forfeiture proceeding initiated by the Commonwealth

against Appellant was an in rem proceeding that “was purely civil in nature,

void of any punitive penalties.” PCRA Court Opinion, 10/17/13 at 9. “The

Commonwealth was well within its right to initiate an in rem civil forfeiture

action prior to prosecuting [Appellant] on criminal offenses stemming from

the same events. [Appellant], therefore, cannot claim that he was punished

twice for the same offenses.”       Id. at 10.    As such, “the issue raised in

[Appellant’s PCRA] Petition lacks arguable merit [and his] Petition must be

denied.” Id.

      We find the PCRA court’s ruling is supported by the record and is free

of legal error. Appellant is not entitled to relief based on his first issue.

      In his second issue, Appellant asserts that trial counsel, who was

present for both the civil forfeiture proceeding and the criminal trial, was

                                       -8-
J-S54041-14

ineffective for “fail[ing] to raise the issue of res judicata and [remaining]

silent with regard to the issue of double jeopardy.” Appellant’s Brief at 7.

          “Counsel is presumed effective, and appellant bears the burden of

proving otherwise.” Fears, 86 A.3d at 804 (citations omitted).

          To prevail on an ineffectiveness claim, appellant must establish:

             (1) the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2) no
             reasonable basis existed for counsel’s actions or failure to
             act; and (3) [appellant] suffered prejudice as a result of
             counsel's error such that there is a reasonable probability
             that the result of the proceeding would have been different
             absent such error. Failure to prove any prong of this test
             will defeat an ineffectiveness claim.

Id. (citations and footnote omitted).

          Having concluded that the forfeiture proceeding was civil in nature and

did not involve criminal penalties, we find no support for Appellant’s

contention of trial counsel ineffectiveness. Again, failure to prove any prong

of the ineffectiveness test will defeat a claim of ineffectiveness. Fears, 86

A.3d at 804. Here, Appellant failed to establish the first prong of the test,

i.e., that the underlying claim has arguable merit. “Because the underlying

contention lacks arguable merit, Appellant’s derivative claim of [] counsel’s

ineffectiveness necessarily fails.” Commonwealth v. Baumhammers, 92

A.3d 708, 722, n.7 (Pa. 2014) (citation omitted). Appellant is not entitled to

relief.

                                        -9-
J-S54041-14

     Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 10/20/2014

                          - 10 -