Court Opinion

ID: 9931072
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-08 15:06:56.868667+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:16:18.622734
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                                 APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
     This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this
               opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                          SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                          APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                          DOCKET NO. A-1966-22

THE LAW OFFICE OF RAJEH A.
SAADEH, LLC,

         Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

TRACY SWEENEY,

         Defendant-Respondent.

                   Submitted January 22, 2024 – Decided February 8, 2024

                   Before Judges Marczyk and Vinci.

                   On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                   Division,    Somerset     County,     Docket      No.
                   DC-003444-22.

                   The Law Office of Rajeh A. Saadeh, LLC, appellant pro
                   se (Rajeh A. Saadeh and Cynthia L. Dubell, on the
                   brief).

                   Respondent has not filed a brief.

PER CURIAM
      Plaintiff, the Law Office of Rajeh A. Saadeh, appeals from the trial court's

January 13, 2023 order entering default judgment against defendant, Tracy

Sweeney, but denying Saadeh's request for attorney fees.          Plaintiff further

appeals the trial court's March 2, 2023 order denying its motion for

reconsideration. Following our review of the record and the applicable legal

principles, we affirm.

                                        I.

      In April 2022, Sweeney signed a retainer agreement hiring plaintiff to

represent her in a civil matter. The retainer agreement, in relevant part, states:

            If we utilize any legal process to collect any amount
            outstanding, we will be entitled to recover the costs of
            collection, including for professional time expended by
            attorneys in and outside of The Law Office of Rajeh A.
            Saadeh, L.L.C., and reasonable expenses, including but
            not limited to court, service, and execution costs.

      In August 2022, plaintiff moved to be relieved as Sweeney's counsel. The

motion was granted in September 2022. In October 2022, plaintiff sent a fee

arbitration pre-action notice to Sweeney.         Sweeney did not pursue fee

arbitration. In November 2022, plaintiff filed a complaint against Sweeney for

attorney fees. On January 9, 2023, the court entered default against Sweeney.

On that same date, plaintiff moved to enter default judgment against Sweeney.

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      On January 13, 2023, the court issued an order granting plaintiff's request

for judgment but denied plaintiff's request for attorney fees. The court opined:

                   On January 11, 2023, plaintiff moved to enter
            judgment against defendant.           Plaintiff filed a
            certification indicating that the principal amount of
            [$4,041.11] and court costs of $91 remain due. . . . The
            court is satisfied with plaintiff's proofs regarding the
            principal amount of $4,041.11. Court records indicate
            plaintiff has incurred court costs of $107 in this action.
            But plaintiff has not produced any proofs or
            certifications in support of its additional request for
            $10,876.89 in attorney[] fees and is not entitled to
            recover same.

            [(Emphasis added).]

      On February 2, 2023, plaintiff moved for reconsideration challenging the

court's denial of its request for reasonable attorney fees. On March 3, 2023, the

court denied the motion for reconsideration. The trial court found plaintiff failed

to explain the legal basis for the "exorbitant" attorney fee claim. The court

disagreed with plaintiff that under each count of the complaint it was entitled to

the award of attorney fees. The court explained:

                  Under the "American rule," each party normally
            bears its own costs and attorney[] fees. Rule 4:42-9
            authorizes counsel fees in limited circumstances, none
            of which apply. Subsection of [Rule] 4:42-9 permits
            attorney[] fees in family actions in both pendente lite
            and final judgment pursuant to [Rule] 5:3-5(c). . . .
            [T]his is a standard breach of contract claim between

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            an attorney and former client. [1] Thus, [Rule] 4:42-
            9(a)(1) and [Rule] 5:3-5 are not available to plaintiff.
            If plaintiff wishes to stand on a fee-shifting provision
            within the retainer agreement, plaintiff has failed to
            articulate that basis and did not provide to the court a
            copy of the retainer agreement and cite to the applicable
            paragraph within the agreement that allows for
            attorney[] fees.

                  Plaintiff further seems to view attorney[] fees as
            a[n] element of consequential damages flowing from
            unjust enrichment. Plaintiff provides no legal authority
            to support its position that attorney[] fees may be
            awarded from an unjust enrichment claim. Simply
            because plaintiff states it is entitled to counsel fees does
            not mean it is so. . . .

            [(Emphasis added) (italicization omitted).]

The court further opined that the burden is on plaintiff to prove that its fee

request is reasonable:

                   Plaintiff has not addressed the apparent
            discrepancy between the initial request for $10,876.89
            in attorney[] fees and its instant request for $4,649.93.
            Plaintiff produced a revised certification of attorney[]
            fees that addresses the [RPC 1.5(a)] reasonableness
            factors and explains how the attorney[] fees and costs
            were calculated. The requested attorney[] fees are not
            reasonable. The requested fees include anticipated
            attorney[] fees of $1,050 expected to be incurred in

1
   The court indicated the underlying case with Sweeney involved a family
action. We also note plaintiff relied, in part, on Rule 5:3-5(c) in its motion for
reconsideration. However, plaintiff's brief states that the case with Sweeney
was a civil action. It does not impact our analysis whether the case involving
Sweeney was a civil or family action.
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            receiving and reviewing cross-motion documents,
            filing a reply, traveling to and from court and appearing
            for oral argument. This motion was unopposed and oral
            argument was not granted, thus plaintiff is not entitled
            to receive these costs. Further, the amount of time
            expended to draft a basic collection complaint and the
            subsequent motion for a default judgment should not
            have taken 1.1 hours at a $285 billing rate and 8.9 hours
            at a $350 billing rate. The requested counsel fees are
            unreasonable and not recoverable, even if plaintiff
            supported its legal claim for counsel fees.

                                 II.

      Plaintiff argues it is contractually entitled to attorney fees in accordance

with its April 25, 2022 retainer agreement with Sweeney. Plaintiff contends the

trial court erred in denying its request for attorney fees in conjunction with its

application for default judgment 2 and in denying its motion for reconsideration.

      We review an award of attorney fees for abuse of discretion. Garmeaux

v. DNV Concepts, Inc., 448 N.J. Super. 148, 155 (App. Div. 2016).

Determinations regarding attorney fees will be disturbed "only on the rarest of

occasions, and then only because of a clear abuse of discretion." Litton Indus.,

Inc. v. IMO Indus., Inc., 200 N.J. 372, 386 (2009) (quoting Packard-Bamberger

& Co. v. Collier, 167 N.J. 427, 444 (2001)). Where a trial judge correctly applies

2
  Plaintiff repeatedly refers to its "motion for summary judgment." There was
no summary judgment in this case, and we confine our discussion to the default
judgment application and motion for reconsideration.
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the case law, statutes, and court rules governing attorney fees, the fee award is

entitled to our deference. See Yueh v. Yueh, 329 N.J. Super. 447, 466 (App.

Div. 2000); see also Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J. Court Rules, cmt. 4.7 on

R. 5:3-5 (2024).

      Our standard of review of an order denying reconsideration is deferential.

"Motions for reconsideration are governed by Rule 4:49-2, which provides that

the decision to grant or deny a motion for reconsideration rests within the sound

discretion of the trial court."    Pitney Bowes Bank, Inc. v. ABC Caging

Fulfillment, 440 N.J. Super. 378, 382 (App. Div. 2015). Reconsideration "is not

appropriate merely because a litigant is dissatisfied with a decision of the court

or wishes to reargue a motion . . . ." Palombi v. Palombi, 414 N.J. Super. 274,

288 (App. Div. 2010). Rather, reconsideration

            should be utilized only for those cases which fall into
            that narrow corridor in which either 1) the [c]ourt has
            expressed its decision based upon a palpably incorrect
            or irrational basis, or 2) it is obvious that the [c]ourt
            either did not consider, or failed to appreciate the
            significance of probative, competent evidence.

            [Ibid. (quoting D'Atria v. D'Atria, 242 N.J. Super. 392,
            401 (Ch. Div. 1990)).]

"Alternatively, if a litigant wishes to bring new or additional information to the

[c]ourt's attention which it could not have provided on the first application, the

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[c]ourt should, in the interest of justice (and in the exercise of sound discretion),

consider the evidence."3 D'Atria, 242 N.J. Super. at 401. Thus, we will not

disturb a trial judge's denial of a motion for reconsideration absent "a clear abuse

of discretion." Pitney Bowes Bank, Inc., 440 N.J. Super. at 382 (citing Hous.

Auth. of Morristown v. Little, 135 N.J. 274, 283 (1994)).

      Initially, with respect to the court's denial of the $10,876.89 in attorney

fees in the request for default judgment, we note plaintiff's certification in

support of the application does not request any money for attorney fees

associated with the collection action.       In fact, the certification reads, that

plaintiff seeks "Attorney Fees in the amount of $0.00." It is only the proposed

form of order which contained the $10,876.89 figure. That is, there is no

support, whatsoever, to justify this figure, let alone any attorney fees.

Accordingly, the court did not misapply its discretion in striking the attorney

fees from the order.

      Regarding the motion for reconsideration, plaintiff reiterates throughout

its brief that an attorney is permitted to recover fees expended in a collection

action provided there is a clause in the contract allowing for such fees. As a

3
  We observe plaintiff's certification in support of its motion for reconsideration
did not contain "new or additional information" that could not have been
provided to the court in its application for default judgment.
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general matter, we do not disagree. In Hrycak v. Kiernan, a law firm had a

retainer agreement which provided the client would be responsible for certain

collection costs if the firm was required to bring suit to collect their attorney

fees. 367 N.J. Super. 237 (App. Div. 2004). We noted, "[a]greements between

attorneys and clients generally are enforceable as long as they are fair and

reasonable." Id. at 240 (citing Cohen v. Radio-Elecs. Officers Union, 146 N.J.

140, 155 (1996). We further observed "the court rules do not disallow counsel

fees where they are provided for in the parties' agreement."             Ibid. (citing

Pressler, Current N.J. Court Rules, Comment R. 4:42-9 [2.11] (Gann)).

However, Hrycak is not controlling here because plaintiff never presented the

fee agreement to the court in its motion for reconsideration. 4

        As previously noted, the trial court stated, "[i]f plaintiff wishes to stand

on a fee-shifting provision within the retainer agreement, plaintiff has failed to

articulate that basis and did not provide to the court a copy of the retainer

agreement and cite to the applicable paragraph within the agreement that allows

for attorney[] fees."5 Because plaintiff failed to apprise the court that it had a

4
    Plaintiff also did not cite to Hrycak before the trial court as it did on appeal.
5
  The retainer agreement was attached to the application for default judgment,
but not the motion for reconsideration. Moreover, there was no specific

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                                           8
retainer agreement in its motion for reconsideration, it is not appropriate to rely

on the fee collection provision in the agreement for the first time on appeal. Our

Supreme Court has long held appellate courts do not "consider questions or

issues not properly presented to the trial court when an opportunity for such a

presentation is available 'unless the questions so raised on appeal go to the

jurisdiction of the trial court or concern matters of great public interest.'" Nieder

v. Royal Indem. Ins. Co., 62 N.J. 229, 234 (1973) (quoting Reynolds Offset Co.,

Inc. v. Summer, 58 N.J. Super. 542, 548 (App Div. 1959)). "Generally, an

appellate court will not consider issues, even constitutional ones, which were

not raised below." State v. Galicia, 210 N.J. 364, 383 (2012). 6 The appeal here

does not involve a matter of great public importance.

      Plaintiff suggests the court had no authority to analyze its fee application

given that defendant did not oppose the application. Specifically, plaintiff

argument in either application with respect to the provision that allowed the
collection of fees in the event a lawsuit was filed against the client.
6
  Although we share the court's concern regarding the amount of plaintiff's fee
in an uncontested debt collection action such as this, we need not address the
specific hours expended as we conclude below the court did not misapply its
discretion in denying the application based on plaintiff's failure to provide
controlling legal authority or another basis to justify the award of attorney fees ,
given that plaintiff did not cite to the collection provision of the retainer
agreement in either application.

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                                         9
argued, "[d]efendant failed to respond to the litigation, and thus made no

argument for or against an award of attorney fees. The [c]ourt cannot sua sponte

deny [p]laintiff's requested [relief] on behalf of a [d]efendant who fails to raise

the issue." Plaintiff further argues the trial court "erred by essentially stepping

into [d]efendant's shoes and raising those defenses and objections for her."

Plaintiff cites to no authority for these contentions.7 Plaintiff's argument lacks

merit. Our Supreme Court has "cautioned trial courts 'to evaluate carefully and

critically the aggregate hours and specific hourly rates advanced by counsel for

the prevailing party' . . . and . . . not to 'accept passively the submissions of

counsel . . . .'" Hansen v. Rite Aid Corp., 253 N.J. 191, 215 (2023) (quoting

Rendine v. Pantzer, 141 N.J. 292, 335 (1995)). Plaintiff's misunderstanding of

the court's responsibilities may explain the initial, unsubstantiated attempt to

recoup over $10,000 in attorney fees by inserting that amount into the proposed

form of order without any supporting certification. Moreover, plaintiff failed to

address the fact that in its motion for reconsideration, it reduced its fee by over

7
  In its certification in support of its motion for reconsideration, plaintiff alleged
it was entitled, under the various counts of the complaint, to damages which
include the "award of attorney fees as the prevailing party" without citation to
any caselaw or document.
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$6,000 to $4,649.93 without any explanation. In short, plaintiff's argument is

unavailing.

      Applying the governing standards of review, we discern no reason to

disturb the trial court's well-reasoned decision in denying plaintiff's request for

attorney fees in the initial application for default judgment.         We further

determine there is nothing in the record that evidences the trial court misapplied

its discretion in denying plaintiff's motion for reconsideration.

      To the extent we have not specifically addressed any of plaintiff's

remaining arguments, we conclude they lack sufficient merit to warrant

discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.

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