Court Opinion

ID: 4587249
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-17 22:03:51.048097+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:49:40.343074
License: Public Domain

Filed 11/17/20 P. v. Smith CA4/2
See Dissenting Opinion

                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
 California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
                                     or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

           IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                   FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                 DIVISION TWO

 THE PEOPLE,

          Plaintiff and Respondent,                                      E075375

 v.                                                                      (Super.Ct.No. FCH08137)

 ZACHARY SHAWN SMITH,                                                    OPINION

          Defendant and Appellant.

         APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. Stephan G.

Saleson, Judge. Dismissed.

         James R. Bostwick, Jr., under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant

and Appellant.

         No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent.

                                                 INTRODUCTION

         Defendant and appellant Zachary Shawn Smith appeals from an order denying his

petition for modification of sentence. Appointed appellate counsel filed an opening brief

                                                             1
that sets forth the facts of the case and asks this court to review the record and determine

whether there are any arguable issues on appeal. (People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal. 3d 436

(Wende); Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 (Anders).) Because defendant is not

entitled to Wende/Anders review from the denial of the challenged postjudgment motion,

and he has not filed a supplemental brief, we dismiss this appeal as abandoned.

                             PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       In 2008, defendant entered a plea agreement and pled guilty to one count of

assault with a firearm (Pen. Code,1 § 245, subd. (a)(2), count 2), two counts of possession

of a firearm by a felon (Pen. Code, former § 12021, subd. (a)(1), counts 3 & 4), and one

count of possession of a controlled substance (Health & Saf. Code, § 11350, subd. (a),

count 5).2 As to count 2, he admitted the allegation that he personally inflicted great

bodily injury on another person. (Pen. Code, § 12022.7, subdivision (b).) He also

admitted that he had one prior strike conviction (Pen. Code, §§ 1170.12, subds. (a)-(d) &

667, subds. (b)-(i)) and that he had served three prior prison terms (Pen. Code, § 667.5,

subd. (b)). A trial court imposed the agreed-upon sentence of 20 years in state prison.

       On June 8, 2017, the court granted defendant’s petition for resentencing under

section 1170.18 and reduced count 5 to a misdemeanor. The prosecutor agreed to dismiss

one of the section 667.5, subdivision (b) prison priors. The court resentenced defendant

to 17 years eight months.

       1   All further statutory references will be to the Penal Code unless otherwise noted.

       2   Count 1 was dismissed pursuant to the plea agreement.
                                              2
       On November 18, 2019, defendant filed an in propria persona motion for

modification of sentence pursuant to Senate Bill No. 136 (2017-2018 Reg. Sess.) and

section 1170, subdivision (d)(1). He requested the court to strike his two prison priors

under Senate Bill No. 136. He also claimed the California Department of Corrections

and Rehabilitation failed to reduce his sentence to 17 years eight months in accordance

with the court’s prior order.

       On July 13, 2020, the court held a hearing on defendant’s motion. The prosecutor

argued that Senate Bill No. 136 only applied retroactively to cases not yet final when it

went into effect, and defendant’s case was final. The court denied defendant’s motion.

       Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal and filed a request for certificate of

probable cause, which the court granted.3

                                      DISCUSSION

       After the notice of appeal was filed, this court appointed counsel to represent

defendant. Counsel has filed a brief under the authority of Wende, supra, 25 Cal. 3d 436

and Anders, supra, 386 U.S. 738, setting forth a statement of the case, and identifying

one potential arguable issue: whether Senate Bill No. 136 applies retroactively to

defendant’s sentence. Counsel requests that we independently review the record.

       Defendant was offered an opportunity to file a personal supplemental brief, which

he has not done.

       3 We note that defendant marked the box on the notice of appeal form stating he
was challenging the validity of the plea; however, his request for certificate of probable
cause asserted he pled to prison priors that were no longer valid pursuant to the passage
of Senate Bill No. 136.
                                              3
       The right to Wende/Anders review applies only at appellate proceedings where

defendant has a previously established constitutional right to counsel. (Pennsylvania v.

Finley (1987) 481 U.S. 551, 555; Conservatorship of Ben C. (2007) 40 Cal. 4th 529, 536-

537; People v. Serrano (2012) 211 Cal. App. 4th 496, 500-501 (Serrano); People v.

Thurman (2007) 157 Cal. App. 4th 36, 45.) The constitutional right to counsel extends to

the first appeal of right and no further. (Serrano, at pp. 500-501.) The appeal before us,

“although originating in a criminal context, is not a first appeal of right from a criminal

prosecution, because it is not an appeal from the judgment of conviction.” (Id. at p. 501.)

       Applying Serrano here, defendant has no right to Wende/Anders review of the

denial of his petition for modification of sentence. Furthermore, when, as here, the

defendant does not file a supplemental brief, we may deem the appeal to be abandoned

and dismiss the appeal. (Serrano, supra, 211 Cal.App.4th at pp. 503-504; People v. Cole

(2020) 52 Cal. App. 5th 1023, 1039.)

                                      DISPOSITION

       The appeal is dismissed.

       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

                                                                 FIELDS
                                                                                              J.
I concur:

RAPHAEL
                           J.

                                              4
       [People v. Smith, E075375]

       McKINSTER, Acting P. J.

       I respectfully dissent. I recognize that the court in People v. Cole (2020)

52 Cal. App. 5th 1023, review granted October 14, 2020, S264278, recently held “that

Wende’s constitutional underpinnings do not apply to appeals from the denial of

postconviction relief . . . .” (Id. at p. 1028.) Nonetheless, pursuant to its supervisory

authority, Cole determined to employ a quasi-Wende1 review to postjudgment cases,

giving the defendant the right to file a supplemental brief when defense counsel files a

Wende brief. The court would then dismiss the case if the defendant failed to file a

supplemental brief or would address the issues raised if the defendant did file a

supplemental brief. (Cole, at p. 1028.)

       Pursuant to the same supervisory authority, I would elect to conduct a traditional

Wende review in criminal appeals from the denial or dismissal of postconviction avenues

of relief. I agree with the recent decision in People v. Flores (2020) 54 Cal. App. 5th 266,

“that when an appointed counsel files a Wende brief in an appeal from a summary denial

of” postconviction avenues of relief, “a Court of Appeal is not required to independently

review the entire record, but the court can and should do so in the interests of

justice.” (Flores, at p. 269; see People v. Allison (2020) 55 Cal. App. 5th 449, 456 [“[W]e

have the discretion to review the record in the interests of justice.”].)

       1   People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal. 3d 436 (Wende).
                                               1
       Such a procedure provides defendants an added layer of due process while

consuming comparatively little judicial resources. Thus, after independently

reviewing the record for potential error and finding no arguable issues, I would

affirm the judgment.

                                                               McKINSTER
                                                                     Acting P. J.

                                     2