Court Opinion

ID: 4333553
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-14 01:14:43.941938+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:20:13.688062
License: Public Domain

LIMITED GAMING OF AMERICA, INC., Petitioner v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RespondentLIMITED GAMING OF AMERICA, INC. v. COMMISSIONERNo. 3370-99United States Tax CourtT.C. Memo 2001-273; 2001 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 307; 82 T.C.M. (CCH) 761; October 9, 2001, Filed *307  An appropriate order will be issued.  Thomas G. Potts, for petitioner.Osmun Latrobe, for respondent.  Dinan, Daniel J.DINANMEMORANDUM OPINIONDINAN, SPECIAL TRIAL JUDGE: This matter is before the Court on petitioner's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment and Brief in Support and Addendum to Petitioner's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment and Brief in Support, pursuant to Rule 121(a).  1Respondent filed a Notice of Objection to Petitioner's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment and Respondent's Memorandum of Authorities. Petitioner filed Petitioner's Reply to Respondent's Notice of Objection to Petitioner's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. As explained more fully below, we will deny petitioner's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment.BACKGROUNDBy a notice of deficiency mailed to petitioner on July 1, 1998, respondent determined*308  deficiencies in Federal income taxes due from petitioner for the fiscal years ended February 28, 1993 and 1994 in the amounts of $ 217,280 and $ 126,017, respectively.Petitioner timely filed a petition in this case on February 19, 1999, and respondent timely answered on April 12, 1999.Limited Gaming of America, Inc., hereinafter referred to as LGA or petitioner, is a Colorado corporation originally formed on May 5, 1991. LGA is a "C" corporation; it has a fiscal year ending on February 28.On or about January 4, 1994, LGA caused to be formed Sunrise Island Timber Company, hereinafter referred to as Sunrise, a Florida general partnership, for the purpose of holding real property consisting of an island located in the Mississippi River. Sunrise was subsequently converted to a Florida limited partnership in February 1995.For the fiscal year ended February 28, 1993, LGA filed its Federal Corporate Income Tax Return, reporting taxable income, before net operating loss deduction and special deductions, in the amount of $ 2,053,385. From that amount, LGA deducted a net operating loss of $ 974,231, reducing its taxable income to $ 1,079,154 and reported tax due in the amount of $ 839,766. *309  For the fiscal year ended February 28, 1994, LGA filed its Federal Corporate Income Tax Return, reporting taxable income in the amount of $ 3,224,801 and reported tax due in the amount of $ 649,738.During 1995, Mr. Robert Lobato acquired ownership and control of LGA.On February 7, 1996, both LGA and Sunrise filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy petitions with the Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma.On or about November 21, 1995, Mr. Lobato caused to have LGA prepare a Corporation Application for Tentative Refund (Form 1139), carrying back losses incurred by LGA during its fiscal year ended February 28, 1995, to its fiscal years ended February 28, 1993, and February 28, 1994. LGA claimed refunds for its fiscal years ended February 28, 1993 and 1994 in the amounts of $ 216,074 and $ 649,738, respectively. The claimed refunds were primarily based upon Mr. Lobato's decision to substantively consolidate both LGA and Sunrise for Federal income tax purposes.In 1996, following receipt of the Form 1139 from LGA, respondent began an examination of LGA's fiscal years 1993 and 1994 Federal income tax returns. Respondent denied LGA's refund claims for the fiscal years ended February 28, 1993 and*310  1994 and determined deficiencies in Federal income tax for those years in the amounts of $ 217,280 and $ 126,017, respectively. The denial of the claimed refunds and the determination of deficiencies for the fiscal years 1993 and 1994 were premised, in part, on respondent's determination that LGA and Sunrise were separate legal entities during the fiscal year ended February 28, 1994.During the pendency of its Chapter 11 proceeding, LGA argued that Sunrise should be disregarded, as a "sham" entity. LGA contended that Sunrise should be disregarded for Federal income tax purposes and that LGA was entitled to substantial Federal income tax refunds for the fiscal years ended February 28, 1993 and 1994.After LGA and Sunrise filed their petitions in bankruptcy on February 7, 1996, an order was entered by the Bankruptcy Court setting May 31, 1996, as the deadline for filing proofs of claim.On March 27, 1996, the IRS filed a proof of claim for unpaid taxes in the amount of $ 73,500. The content of the claim was as follows:   Taxable Year     Type of Tax      Amount of Tax   ____________     ___________      _____________     1994  *311     Corporate income tax     $ 5,000     1995     Corporate income tax      5,000     1995     3rd quarter FICA taxes    25,000     1995     4th quarter FICA taxes    25,000     1995     4th quarter FUTA taxes     1,000     1996     1st quarter FICA taxes    12,500                        ______      Total                 73,500On April 14, 1997, after review of LGA's tax returns, the IRS determined that LGA owed neither the FICA nor the FUTA taxes set forth in the above-mentioned proof of claim and filed a pleading entitled "Notice of Withdrawal".In June 1996, the IRS commenced an audit of petitioner's 1993-1995 corporate income tax returns. The audit was completed on May 6, 1997, and it was determined that LGA owed additional Federal income taxes for the fiscal years ended 1993 and 1994, as follows:   Year     Type of Liability        Amount of Tax   ____     _________________        _____________   1993     Corporate*312  income tax       $ 1,023.00   1993     Interest on unpaid income tax     253.65   1994     Corporate income tax       301,660.00   1994     Interest on unpaid income tax   49,530.28                         __________    Total                   352,466.93On May 26, 1997, the IRS prepared an amended proof of claim, showing total deficiencies in taxes and interest in the total amount of $ 352,466.93 for the fiscal years 1993 and 1994. The IRS filed a motion for leave to reinstate and amend its erroneously withdrawn proof of claim to claim the total tax liabilities for the years 1993 and 1994 in the amount of $ 352,466.93. After a hearing on the motion, the Bankruptcy Court ruled in its Memorandum Opinion filed October 1, 1997:     The Motion is granted in part and denied in part. The   Withdrawn Claim will be reinstated as to the corporate income   taxes of LGA in its original amount of $ 5,000.00. The IRS will   not be allowed to amend the claim to reflect the increase which   it seeks, *313  nor will the IRS be allowed to file a completely new   claim out of time for either the 1993 or 1994 income taxes of   LGA.DISCUSSIONSummary judgment is appropriate "if the pleadings, answers to interrogatories, depositions, admissions, and any other acceptable materials, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that a decision may be rendered as a matter of law." Rule 121(b); Sundstrand Corp. v. Commissioner, 98 T.C. 518">98 T.C. 518, 520 (1992), affd.  17 F.3d 965">17 F.3d 965 (7th Cir. 1994); Naftel v. Commissioner, 85 T.C. 527">85 T.C. 527, 529 (1985). Summary judgment is intended to expedite litigation and avoid unnecessary and expensive trials. See Fla. Peach Corp. v. Commissioner, 90 T.C. 678">90 T.C. 678, 681 (1988); Espinoza v. Commissioner, 78 T.C. 412">78 T.C. 412, 415-416 (1982). The moving party bears the burden of proving that there is no genuine issue of material fact, and factual inferences will be made in a manner most favorable to the party opposing summary judgment. See Dahlstrom v. Commissioner, 85 T.C. 812">85 T.C. 812, 821 (1985). Petitioner's Contentions:Petitioner's contentions, as*314  contained in its motion for partial summary judgment filed November 8, 1999, may be summarized as follows:Petitioner asserts that its motion for partial summary judgment encompasses the doctrine of collateral estoppel. In support of this contention, petitioner cites to a Memorandum Opinion filed by the Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma on October 1, 1997, and a Memorandum Opinion filed by the Bankruptcy Court on December 18, 1998. Petitioner argues that the October 1, 1997, Memorandum Opinion determined that there were no income tax deficiencies for the fiscal year ended February 28, 1993, and that there was an income tax deficiency for the fiscal year ended February 28, 1994, in the amount of $ 5,000. Petitioner also appears to argue that the December 18, 1998, Memorandum Opinion 2 regarding the confirmation plans of reorganization submitted by LGA somehow determined that Sunrise was not a separate entity.*315  RESPONDENT'S CONTENTIONS:Respondent's contentions, as contained in Respondent's Memorandum of Authorities, may be summarized as follows:Respondent notes that the parties' disagreement is based upon petitioner's erroneous premise that a bankruptcy court's determination as to the collectibility of a debtor's claim is the same as the determination of a deficiency in income tax. Respondent posits that petitioner's position is that respondent is collaterally estopped "from asserting any claims against Petitioner for additional deficiencies in corporate income tax and interest for the fiscal years ended February 28, 1993 and February 28, 1994."Respondent states:     The respondent is in complete agreement with this   conclusion. The respondent agrees that it is collaterally   estopped from collecting additional deficiencies in income taxes   from the petitioner for the taxable years 1993 and 1994.     If that is the sum of petitioner's argument, then the   dispute as to that issue is concluded.Respondent observes that, unfortunately, that does not appear to be the ultimate aim of petitioner's argument.Respondent notes that*316  petitioner filed a Form 1139 claim with the IRS, applying for a refund of allegedly overpaid 1993 and 1994 Federal income taxes, based upon claimed losses in the taxable year 1995. The factual or legal grounds for the alleged loss were not indicated on the Form 1139.Subsequently, on July 1, 1998, during LGA's bankruptcy proceeding, respondent issued the notice of deficiency for the taxable years 1993 and 1994, which notice is the basis for this case pending before the Court. Petitioner argues that petitioner's claim for overpayments (not yet proved) is to be applied, not against its actual tax liability for the taxable years 1993 and 1994, but only against the de minimis claim which respondent was allowed to collect in the bankruptcy proceeding.Respondent submits that such an argument, as advanced by petitioner, is wholly contrary to established law.Respondent also disputes petitioner's contention, inferred from petitioner's arguments that in substantively consolidating LGA's and Sunrise's bankruptcy proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court determined that Sunrise was not a separate entity. We agree with respondent.In Bachner v. Commissioner, 109 T.C. 125">109 T.C. 125, 130-131 (1997),*317  affd. without published opinion 172 F.3d 859">172 F.3d 859 (3d Cir. 1988), we stated:     Under the principles established by the Supreme Court in  Lewis v. Reynolds, 284 U.S. 281">284 U.S. 281, 76 L. Ed. 293">76 L. Ed. 293, 52 S. Ct. 145">52 S. Ct. 145 (1932), a taxpayer's claim for   refund must be reduced by the amount of the correct tax   liability for the taxable year, regardless of the fact that the   Commissioner can no longer assess any deficiency for the taxable   year. In Lewis v. Reynolds, supra, the taxpayer filed a claim   for refund alleging that certain deductions had been improperly   disallowed by the Commissioner after the period of limitations   on additional assessment had expired. The Commissioner agreed   with the taxpayer that the period of limitations had expired but   denied a refund on the basis that the correct computation of tax   resulted in additional tax. The taxpayer argued that the   Commissioner lacked the authority to redetermine the tax after   the period of limitations had expired. The Supreme Court   disagreed. While no new assessment can be made, after the bar of the *318      statute has fallen, the taxpayer, nevertheless, is not     entitled to a refund unless he has overpaid his tax. * * *           *   *   *   *   *   *   *     An overpayment must appear before refund is authorized. Although the statute of limitations may have barred the     assessment and collection of any additional sum, it does     not obliterate the right to the United States to retain     payments already received when they do not exceed the     amount which might have been properly assessed and     demanded. [Lewis v. Reynolds, supra at 283.] The doctrine established in Lewis v. Reynolds, supra, has   been applied by this Court in the determination of an   overpayment. See Connecticut Light & Power Co. v. Commissioner, 40 T.C. 597">40 T.C. 597, 654-655 (1963), vacated and remanded pursuant to   stipulation (2d Cir., Feb. 15, 1965) (holding that the decision   in Lewis v. Reynolds, supra, was controlling and allowing a   reduction in an*319  overpayment claimed by the taxpayer); Estate of  Carruth v. Commissioner, 28 T.C. 871">28 T.C. 871, 880 (1957). Applying the   doctrine of Lewis v. Reynolds, supra, to this case, we find that   even though assessment and collection of petitioner's tax   liability is now barred by the statute of limitations,   respondent has the right to retain prior timely payments to the   extent they do not exceed the amount of petitioner's actual tax   liability. [Footnotes omitted.]Our above-mentioned holding in Bachner is equally applicable to the facts in this case. The Bankruptcy Court did not determine LGA's tax liability for the taxable years 1993 and 1994. That is abundantly clear from a review of the record in this case. We hold that respondent is not collaterally estopped from determining petitioner's correct tax liabilities for taxable years 1993 and 1994 in order to determine if there are tax overpayments in those years because of a net operating loss carryback from the taxable year 1995.From our review of the record, we also find that the question of whether or not LGA and Sunrise were separate entities for tax purposes was*320  not litigated by the Bankruptcy Court. The bankruptcy order confirming petitioner's third amended plan and consolidating the bankruptcy estates of petitioner and Sunrise makes no reference to the determination of Federal taxes. Petitioner's third amended plan did not specifically state that the substantive consolidation of the estates of petitioner and Sunrise would allow petitioner to determine its Federal income taxes on a consolidated basis with Sunrise. The Bankruptcy Court's opinion does not state that substantive consolidation would permit petitioner to report its income taxes on a consolidated basis with Sunrise. The Bankruptcy Court limited substantive consolidation to the combining of assets and the cancellation of debts between the consolidated debtors.  In re Ltd. Gaming of America, 228 B.R. 275">228 B.R. 275, 286 (Bankr., N.D. Okla. 1998).We hold that respondent is not collaterally estopped from determining petitioner's Federal income taxes as a separate taxable entity.Accordingly, for the reasons stated above, the Court will deny petitioner's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment.An appropriate order will be issued.  Footnotes1. Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.↩2. On December 18, 1998, the Bankruptcy Court filed an Order Confirming Plan in which the Court ordered, inter alia:   that in accordance with the terms of the Third Amended Plan of   Reorganization the estates of Limited Gaming of America, Inc.,   Case No. 96-00395-M, and Sunrise Island, Ltd., Case No.   96-00396-M, be, and the same hereby are, substantively   consolidated.   It Is Further Ordered that all pleadings and papers related to   the Sunrise Island Ltd. matter, Case. No. 96-00396-M, shall from   the date of this Order be filed under Case No. 96-00395-M.We also note that in paragraph 6y of its petition, the petitioner averred:     On December 18, 1998, the Bankruptcy Court for the Northern   District of Oklahoma issued an Order Confirming Plan * * *. In   these documents the bankruptcy court substantively consolidated   LGA and the Sunrise Island Timber Company general and limited   partnership into one entity. In so doing the Court recognized   the "sham" nature of the partnership and the fraudulent acts of   self-dealing as well as asset transfers performed by Bleidt and   Lobato-Bleidt. Therefore, the entity should be consolidated with   LGA as a single entity in computing the federal corporate income   tax liability of LGA for the years in issue.↩