Court Opinion

ID: 2730236
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:56:40.526991+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:44:15.289313
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
                                                                FILED
                                                             May 29 2012, 9:24 am
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
                                                                     CLERK
                                                                   of the supreme court,
                                                                   court of appeals and
                                                                          tax court

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                        ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

DARREN C. CHADD                                 GREGORY F. ZOELLER
SERGEY G. GRECHUKHIN                            Attorney General of Indiana
Kirtley, Taylor, Sims, Chadd & Minnette
Lebanon, Indiana                                ANN L. GOODWIN
                                                Deputy Attorney General
                                                Indianapolis, Indiana

                              IN THE
                    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

JASON B. SAUNDERS,                              )
                                                )
       Appellant-Defendant,                     )
                                                )
              vs.                               )      No. 06A01-1111-CR-596
                                                )
STATE OF INDIANA,                               )
                                                )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                      )

                     APPEAL FROM THE BOONE SUPERIOR COURT
                        The Honorable Rebecca J. McClure, Judge
                            Cause No. 06D02-9709-FD-390

                                       May 29, 2012

               MEMORANDUM DECISION—NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BAKER, Judge

       Appellant-defendant Jason B. Saunders appeals the revocation of his probation,

claiming that the trial court abused its discretion in ordering him to serve the remainder

of his originally-suspended sentence.        Saunders argues that the State waived its

prosecution of the probation violations because an eleven-year delay in pursuing the case

and serving him with an arrest warrant was unreasonable and violated his rights to due

process. Concluding that Saunders has waived the delay and due process argument and

further finding that the trial court did not err in ordering Saunders to serve the entirety of

his originally-suspended sentence as a result of the probation violation, we affirm.

                                          FACTS

       On September 22, 1997, Saunders was charged with operating a motor vehicle

while intoxicated, a class A misdemeanor, operating a motor vehicle with a BAC of .10%

or more, a class C misdemeanor, public intoxication, a class B misdemeanor, possession

of alcohol by a minor, a class C misdemeanor, and refusal to provide identification, a

class C misdemeanor.

       The State subsequently amended the charging informations to reflect that the

operating while intoxicated and operating with a BAC of .10% or more charges were

class D felonies, given that Saunders had previously been convicted of operating while

intoxicated within five years of the instant charges.

       Pursuant to a plea agreement negotiated with the State on May 15, 2000, Saunders

pleaded guilty to operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated, a class D felony. On June

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16, 2000, the trial court sentenced Saunders to three years of imprisonment, all suspended

to time served. Saunders was also placed on probation for two years and seventeen days.

      As a condition of probation, Saunders was to “obey all of the laws of the City,

State, and Federal Governments.” Appellant’s App. p. 73.         Saunders also agreed to

report to his probation officer as required and to refrain from alcohol consumption.

When Saunders signed the documents regarding the conditions of probation, his

probation officer told him on two occasions to report to the probation department

immediately following his release from the jail. However, Saunders failed to do so.

      On June 22, 2000, the State filed a notice of probation violation, alleging that

Saunders had failed to report to his probation officer as ordered.   Thus, the trial court

issued a warrant for Saunders’s arrest that same day. Thereafter, on September 27, 2011,

the trial court granted a request by the probation office to expand the arrest warrant to

include both Indiana and Tennessee.

      On October 21, 2011, Saunders was arrested on the warrant.           Thereafter, on

November 7, 2011, the State filed a second notice of probation violation, alleging that

Saunders had been arrested for a number of offenses while on probation. A hearing was

conducted on November 10, 2011, at which time Saunders admitted that he had

committed the following offenses in Tennessee:

      Date                 Offense

      11-15-2001           Operating while intoxicated and driving while suspended

      04-16-2002           Vandalism

                                            3
       11-04-2003            Criminal Trespass and operating without a driver’s license

       6-30-2006             Indecent Exposure

Tr. p. 13-14.

       At the hearing, Saunders’s probation officer testified, without objection, that her

research revealed that Saunders had also been convicted of operating a vehicle while

intoxicated on June 22, 2011, and for domestic assault, on July 26, 2011, a conviction for

which he was still on probation in Tennessee.

       According to Saunders’s probation officer in Indiana, Saunders’s probation

officers in Tennessee did not know the extent of Saunders’s criminal history. At the

conclusion of the hearing, the trial court found that Saunders had violated his probation

by failing to obey the law and failing to report to his probation officer as required.

       Saunders’s probation officer recommended that Saunders receive a 180-day

sanction so that he could be returned to Tennessee to face his probation penalties there

using “[Tennessee] taxpayers’ money.” Tr. p. 19-20. The trial court addressed Saunders

as follows:

       Mr. Saunders, I have never in the six (6) years I have been on the Bench,
       had anybody who so blatantly disregarded the Orders of the Court by
       picking up new charges. The rule in this court is if somebody gets a new
       case, a new conviction while they’re on probation, I send ‘em to serve time.
       And that’s if they pick up one (1) conviction. I have never had anybody
       come before me who has picked up at least seven convictions after being
       put on probation in this Court, and then never bothering to deal with
       probation here. . . . Like I said, people can’t commit seven (7) new crimes
       and think nothing’s gonna happen in this court.

                                              4
Tr. p. 24. The trial court rejected his probation officer’s recommendation and reinstated

Saunders’s originally-suspended three-year sentence. Saunders now appeals.

                             DISCUSSION AND DECISION

                             I. Due Process Claim and Delay

       Saunders argues that the revocation of his probation was improper because the

policy in Indiana requires a prompt resolution of the charges.        More particularly,

Saunders maintains that the State’s eleven-year delay in apprehending him and pursuing

the revocation matter amounted to a denial of his right to due process. Thus, Saunders

argues that the State has waived the violations.

       We initially observe that Saunders presents a novel issue in Indiana regarding the

effect of the State’s alleged unreasonable delay in pursuing a probation violation.

However, Saunders concedes that he failed to raise those arguments at the trial court

level. Appellant’s Br. p. 13. Thus, Saunders has waived the issue.   See Curtis v. State,

948 N.E.2d 1143, 1147-48 (Ind. 2011) (holding that issues may not be raised for the first

time on appeal).

       In an effort to avoid waiver, Saunders asserts that the State’s lengthy delay in

pursuing the revocation proceedings amounted to fundamental error. Appellant’s Br. p.

13. The fundamental error exception is extremely narrow. Wooden v. State, 757 N.E.2d
212, 215 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). More particularly, to qualify as fundamental error, an

error must be so prejudicial to the rights of the defendant as to make a fair trial

impossible. Willey v. State, 712 N.E.2d 434, 444-45 (Ind. 1999).

                                             5
       Indiana Code section 35-38-2-3(c) provides that the issuance of an arrest warrant

tolls the period of probation until the revocation proceedings are completed. And while

Saunders’s claim of prejudice is that the delay by the State resulted in substantial harm to

him, he has failed to identify the precise nature of the harm. In fact, Saunders admitted to

the violations, and he has not shown how his defense to the violations was impaired in

any way by the State’s delay to prosecute. Tr. p. 13-14. Indeed, the prejudice that might

have resulted was because Saunders absconded from Indiana for eleven years. That said,

we conclude that Saunders has failed to substantiate his claim of fundamental error.

Thus, we decline to disturb the trial court’s revocation of Saunders’s probation.

                                II. Execution of Sentence

       Saunders next argues that the trial court abused its discretion in ordering Saunders

to serve the entirety of his previously-suspended sentence.          Saunders argues that

punishing him in this manner for “other unrelated convictions was improper.”

Appellant’s Br. p. 6.

       We note that probation restrictions are designed to ensure that the probation serves

as a period of genuine rehabilitation and that a probationer living within the community

does not harm the public. Bonner v. State, 776 N.E.2d 1244, 1247 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002).

Upon finding that a probationer has violated a condition of probation, the trial court may

continue probation, with or without modifying or enlarging the conditions, extend

probation for not more than one year beyond the original probationary period, or order

execution of the initial sentence that was suspended. I.C. § 35-38-2-3(g).

                                             6
       A trial court’s sanctioning decision after finding a probation violation is reviewed

for an abuse of discretion. Prewitt v. State, 878 N.E.2d 184, 188 (Ind. 2007).   An abuse

of discretion occurs when the decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts

and circumstances. Id. The imposition of the entire suspended sentence is well within

the trial court’s discretion. Sanders v. State, 825 N.E.2d 952, 957-58 (Ind. Ct. App.

2005). If the procedures for revoking probation have been properly followed, we will

uphold the trial court’s imposition of the entire previously-suspended sentence. Goonen

v. State, 705 N.E.2d 209, 212-13 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999).

       As set forth above, Saunders admitted violating the conditions of his probation,

following his convictions on three new offenses while he was on probation. Tr. p. 13-14.

Saunders’s probation officer also established that he had amassed two other convictions.

After hearing additional evidence that Saunders failed to report to his probation officers,

the trial court revoked Saunders’s probation and ordered him to serve the three-year,

previously suspended portion of his sentence for class D felony operating while

intoxicated conviction. Id. at 11, 13-14, 16, 18-19, 24. In short, Saunders’s violation of

two conditions of probation, which included the commission of several new offenses,

justified the imposition of the entirety of Saunders’s three-year sentence. See Sanders,
825 N.E.2d at 955-58 (upholding the imposition of a five-year previously suspended

sentence based upon the defendant’s commission of three new offenses and a positive test

for cocaine).

                                            7
       Finally, even though it was established that Saunders violated these conditions of

probation, he maintains that the trial court improperly considered the number of

convictions that he had amassed in Tennessee in revoking his probation. Appellant’s Br.

p. 6-7. More particularly, Saunders appears to be arguing that he may have already been

punished for the Tennessee offenses, and, thus, it was improper for the trial court to

punish him again for those offenses. Id. at 6-7. However, Indiana Code section 35-38-2-

3(g) provides for the imposition of a sanction once probation is violated, separate and

apart from the sentences that a defendant may serve on new offenses. Thus, Saunders’s

claim fails. Thus, for all of these reasons, we cannot say that the trial court erred in

ordering Saunders to serve the entirety of his previously-suspended sentence as a result of

his probation violations.

       The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

KIRSCH, J., concurs.

BROWN, J., concurs.

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