Court Opinion

ID: 9554808
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-09 21:00:21.327363+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:36:49.529361
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     NATALIE LOVE-BUTLER,                            DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         DC-0432-21-0340-I-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY,                     DATE: August 9, 2023
                 Agency.

                  THIS ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Natalie Love-Butler, Washington, D.C., pro se.

           Juan Pablo Perez-Sangimino, Esquire, and Marsha Stelson Edney, Esquire,
             Washington, D.C., for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                               Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                Raymond A. Limon, Member

                                     REMAND ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     affirmed her performance-based reduction in grade and denied her affirmative
     defenses of denial of a reasonable accommodation and disparate treatment
     disability discrimination.    For the reasons discussed below, we GRANT the

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                         2

     petition for review, VACATE the initial decision, and REMAND the case to the
     Washington Regional Office for further adjudication in accordance with this
     Remand Order.

                                        BACKGROUND
¶2           At the time relevant to this appeal, the appellant was employed as a
     Technical Assistant at the NB-0303-IV level with the agency’s Office of the
     Comptroller of the Currency’s Office of Communications.          Initial Appeal File
     (IAF), Tab 6 at 43.      Effective April 8, 2020, the appellant was placed on a
     performance improvement plan (PIP) 2 based on her unacceptable performance in
     three    skills   elements,   including   Administrative   Knowledge     and   Skills,
     Technology Skills, and Interpersonal Skills. IAF, Tab 7 at 8. At the conclusion
     of the PIP, the appellant’s supervisor determined that, although the appellant’s
     performance improved to an acceptable level in the Administrative Knowledge
     and Skills and Interpersonal Skills elements, her performance in the Technology
     Skills element remained unacceptable.        Id. at 64-68.   Therefore, the agency
     reduced her from an NB-0303-VI level to an NB-0303-III level. Id. at 55-59.
¶3           The appellant appealed her reduction in grade to the Board. IAF, Tab 1.
     She also raised the affirmative defenses of failure to provide a reasonable
     accommodation, disparate treatment disability discrimination, reprisal for filing
     an equal employment opportunity (EEO) complaint, and reprisal for filing a
     grievance. IAF, Tab 1 at 12-13, Tab 6 at 3-7, Tab 17 at 6. After holding the
     appellant’s requested hearing, the administrative judge issued an initial decision
     affirming the appellant’s reduction in grade and finding that she failed to prove
     her claims of failure to accommodate and disparate treatment di sability
     discrimination. IAF, Tab 22, Initial Decision (ID).

     2
       The agency’s iteration of a PIP is referred to as a notice of opportunity to improve
     performance in the record.
                                                                                         3

¶4         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision. Petition
     for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1. She continues to argue the merits of her reduction
     in grade, and she reraises her claims of reprisal for filing an EEO complaint and
     reprisal for filing a grievance. Id. at 4. The agency has filed a response. PFR
     File, Tab 3.

                     DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶5         In the initial decision, the administrative judge appropriately conclude d that
     the agency proved by substantial evidence the following:                 the agency
     communicated to the appellant the performance standards and critical elements of
     her position; the appellant’s performance standards are valid under 5 U.S.C.
     § 4302(c)(1); the appellant’s performance was at an unacceptable level in one or
     more critical elements prior to her placement on the PIP; it communicated to her
     and warned her of the inadequacies of her performance ; it provided her with an
     adequate opportunity to improve; and her performance nonetheless remained at an
     unacceptable level in at least one critical element after the opportunity to
     improve. 3     ID at 12; see Santos v. National Aeronautics              and Space
     Administration, 990 F.3d 1355, 1360-61 (Fed. Cir. 2021); Towne v. Department
     of the Air Force, 120 M.S.P.R. 239, ¶ 6 (2013). The appellant’s arguments on
     review regarding these elements do not provide a basis to disturb the
     administrative judge’s findings. See Crosby v. U.S. Postal Service, 74 M.S.P.R.
     98, 105-06 (1997) (finding no reason to disturb the administr ative judge’s
     findings when she considered the evidence as a whole, drew appropriate
     inferences, and reached well-reasoned conclusions); Broughton v. Department of
     Health and Human Services, 33 M.S.P.R. 357, 359 (1987) (same).

     3
       The agency also bears the burden of proving that the Office of Personnel Manageme nt
     (OPM) approved its performance appraisal system and any changes thereto. See
     Towne v. Department of the Air Force, 120 M.S.P.R. 239, ¶ 6 n.5 (2013). In the initial
     decision, the administrative judge observed that the parties stipulated that OPM had
     approved the agency’s performance appraisal system, and thus, he did not discuss this
     element further. ID at 12 & n.5; IAF, Tab 16 at 19.
                                                                                                4

¶6          Regarding the appellant’s affirmative defenses of failure to accommodate
     and disparate treatment disability discrimination, the administrative judge found
     that   the   agency    ultimately    provided    the   appellant    with    her   requested
     accommodation of maximum telework and that the appellant did not present any
     evidence that her disability motivated the agency’s decision to reduce her grade
     in any way. 4 ID at 20-22; see Pridgen v. Office of Management and Budget,
     2022 MSPB 31, ¶ 40 (applying a motivating factor causation standard to disparate
     treatment disability discrimination claims).            Accordingly, he denied both
     affirmative defenses.      ID at 20-22.      The appellant has not challenged these
     findings on review. PFR File, Tab 1. Based on our review of the record, we
     agree with the administrative judge’s conclusions as set forth here. 5 See Crosby,
     74 M.S.P.R. at 105-06; Broughton, 33 M.S.P.R. at 359.

     4
       In the initial decision, the administrative judge cited to Savage v. Department of the
     Army, 122 M.S.P.R. 612 (2015), in his discussion of what evidence may be relied upon
     to show that the appellant’s disability was a motivating factor in the agency’s
     performance-based action. ID at 22. In Pridgen v. Office of Management and Budget,
     2022 MSPB 31, ¶¶ 23-25, the Board clarified the methods of proof by which an
     appellant may prove discrimination as an affirmative defense as set forth in Savage. In
     the instant appeal, the administrative judge’s discussion of direct and circumstantial
     evidence is consistent with the methods of proof set forth in Pridgen in that he did not
     discard any evidence suggesting that the agency’s reason for taking the
     performance-based action was pretextual. ID at 22; see Pridgen, 2022 MSPB 31, ¶ 24.
     As such, the outcome of the appellant’s discrimination claims would not change under
     Pridgen, and the administrative judge’s findings need not be disturbed.
     5
       In arriving at his conclusion regarding the appellant’s disparate treatment disability
     discrimination claim, the administrative judge stated th at his conclusion presupposes,
     without finding, that the appellant had a disability within the meaning of the law. ID
     at 22 n.7. He explained that, because there was no evidence of disparate treatment, he
     need not reach the question of whether the appellant has an impairment that
     substantially limits a major life function. ID at 22 n. 7; see 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(g). In
     Haas v. Department of Homeland Security, 2022 MSPB 36, ¶ 29, the Board recently
     clarified that only an otherwise qualified individual with a disability is entitled to relief
     under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 for a claim of status-based
     discrimination or denial of reasonable accommodation. Because we agree with the
     administrative judge that the appellant failed to establish that she was ultimately denied
     her requested accommodation and that her disability was a motivating factor in her
     reduction in grade, we discern no error in the administrative judge’s decision to omit
                                                                                           5

¶7         As noted above, on review, the appellant argues that her placement on the
     PIP and reduction in grade were taken in reprisal for filing an EEO complaint and
     for filing a grievance.     PFR File, Tab 1 at 4.        The appellant raised these
     arguments below both in her initial appeal and her prehearing submissions. IAF,
     Tab 1 at 12-13, 18-19, Tab 17 at 6-7. Nonetheless, the administrative judge did
     not provide the appellant with any information about how she could prove these
     claims, nor did he address these claims in either of his two orders and summaries
     of the prehearing conference or in the initial decision. IAF, Tabs 9, 18.
¶8         The Board has recently affirmed the general proposition that, when
     an appellant raises an affirmative defense, the administrative judge must address
     the affirmative defense in a close of record order or prehearing conference
     summary.     Thurman v. U.S. Postal Service, 2022 MSPB 21, ¶¶ 10, 17 n.7.
     In circumstances when the administrative judge fails to address the affirmative
     defense in the adjudication of the appeal, the Board has set forth a nonexhaustive
     list of factors to be considered when determining whether remand is necessary for
     an administrative judge to address the affirmative defense.         Id., ¶ 18.   Those
     factors include: (1) the thoroughness and clarity with which the appellant raised
     an affirmative defense; (2) the degree to which the appellant continued to pursue
     the affirmative defense in the proceedings below after initially raising it;
     (3) whether the appellant objected to a summary of the issues to be decided that
     failed to include the potential affirmative defense when specifically afforded
     an opportunity to object and the consequences of the failure were made clear;
     (4) whether the appellant raised the affirmative defense or the administrative
     judge’s processing of the affirmative defense claim in the petition for review;
     (5) whether the appellant was represented during the course of the appeal before

     from the initial decision any analysis or finding on the question of whether the
     appellant was a qualified individual with a disability. A finding that the appellant
     failed to establish the causation element forecloses any entitlement to relief under the
     ADA, regardless of whether the appellant can prove that she is a qualified individual
     with a disability.
                                                                                            6

     the administrative judge and on petition for review, and if not, the level of
     knowledge of Board proceedings possessed by the appellant; and (6) the
     likelihood that the presumptive abandonment of the affirmative defense was the
     product of confusion, or misleading or incorrect information provided by the
     agency or the Board. Id.
¶9         Applying these factors, we recognize that the administrative judge’s order
     and summary of the prehearing conference, which did not include any discussion
     of the appellant’s reprisal claims, provided the appellant with a clear opportunity
     to object to his framing of the issues and that she did not do so. IAF, Tab 9 at 8,
     Tab 18 at 8. However, no individual factor is dispositive in determining whether
     an appellant will be deemed to have waived or abandoned a previously identified
     affirmative defense.     See Thurman, 2022 MSPB 21, ¶ 18.                Regarding the
     remaining factors, the appellant’s claim that the agency placed her on the PIP and
     reduced her grade in reprisal for filing an EEO complaint and a grievance was
     clearly set forth in her two pleadings below, one of which was submitted after the
     administrative judge preliminarily defined the issues. IAF, Tab 1 at 7, 12 -13,
     Tab 9 at 3-7, Tab 17 at 6, 12. Further, she submitted evidence that purports to
     support these claims. IAF, Tab 17 at 16-23. As noted, the appellant raised these
     claims of reprisal again on review in her single-paragraph pleading challenging
     the initial decision. PFR File, Tab 1 at 4. Finally, the appellant has proceeded
     pro se during both the adjudication of her appeal below and on review. Based on
     the foregoing, we find that the appellant did not waive or abandon her affirmative
     defenses of reprisal for filing an EEO complaint and grievance, and we remand
     this appeal for the administrative judge to consider these claims. 6

     6
       With the appellant’s petition for review, she submitted several documents that appear
     to reflect her communication with her supervisor during the PIP. PFR File, Tab 1
     at 5-20. Some of these documents are included in the record below. IAF, Tab 16
     at 177-81; PFR File, Tab 1 at 11-15. To the extent that any of the newly-submitted
     documents were not included in the record below, the Board generally will not consider
     evidence submitted for the first time with a petition for review absent a showing that it
                                                                                          7

                                            ORDER
¶10        For the reasons discussed above, we remand this case to the Washington
      Regional Office for further adjudication in accordance with this Remand Order.
¶11        On remand, the administrative judge shall provide the appellant with notice
      and information on how she can prove her claims of reprisal for filing an EEO
      complaint and reprisal for filing a grievance. Additionally, the administrative
      judge shall take additional evidence and/or hold a supplemental hearing to fully
      develop the record on this issue.
¶12        After fully adjudicating the appellant’s claims of reprisal, the administrative
      judge shall then issue a remand initial decision, making findings on these claims.
      In that remand initial decision, the administrative judge may incorporate his
      findings regarding the merits of the appellant’s performance-based reduction in
      grade and her other affirmative defenses of failure to accommodate and disparate
      treatment disability discrimination.      See Spithaler v. Office of Personnel
      Management, 1 M.S.P.R. 587, 589 (1980).

      FOR THE BOARD:                             /s/ for
                                                 Jennifer Everling
                                                 Acting Clerk of the Board
      Washington, D.C.

      was unavailable before the record closed despite the party’s due diligence. Chin v.
      Department of Defense, 2022 MSPB 34, ¶ 8; Avansino v. U.S. Postal Service,
      3 M.S.P.R. 211, 214 (1980). Here, all the documents submitted with the ap pellant’s
      petition for review predate the close of the record and thus were available before the
      record closed. The appellant has not explained why she was unable to submit them
      then, nor has she explained how they are otherwise of sufficient weight to wa rrant an
      outcome different than that of the initial decision as it relates to the merits of the
      reduction in grade. Nonetheless, to the extent any of the documents submitted on
      review relate to the appellant’s affirmative defenses of reprisal for filing a n EEO
      complaint and a grievance, the administrative judge should consider them on remand.