Court Opinion

ID: 9889813
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-11 17:07:38.835633+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:49:03.527102
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 22-1661
                             Filed October 11, 2023

KORY M. FUERSTENBERG,
    Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

LEAH L. FRETTE,
     Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Joseph W. Seidlin,

Judge.

      A mother appeals a district court order declining to modify the joint physical

care arrangement for her daughter. AFFIRMED.

      David L. Brown of Hansen, McClintock & Riley, Des Moines, for appellant.

      Kory M. Fuerstenberg, Altoona, self-represented appellee.

      Considered by Tabor, P.J., Buller, J., and Mullins, S.J.*

      *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206

(2023).
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TABOR, Presiding Judge.

       Leah Frette and Kory Fuerstenberg are the parents of seven-year-old A.F.

Six years ago, our court modified their custody decree to award the parents joint

physical care of their daughter. Fuerstenberg v. Frette, No. 16-1592, 2017 WL

1735906, at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. May 3, 2017). In 2021, Leah petitioned to modify

that shared-care arrangement. The district court denied the modification because

it found no significant change in circumstances. On appeal, Leah contends the

conflict between her and Kory has become so intense that she should be granted

primary care of A.F. Like the district court, we find Leah did not prove a significant

change in circumstances since the last modification. Thus, we affirm.

   I. Facts and Prior Proceedings

       Leah and Kory met through an online dating site. They have never been

married. In 2015, Leah gave birth to A.F. Leah worked various jobs after A.F. was

born but is now pursuing a degree from Des Moines Area Community College

(DMACC). Kory has his associate in arts degree from DMACC. At the time of the

original decree, he worked for the Iowa Department of Corrections. Since he left

that job, he has done “freelance work” out of his home. The parties struggle to

communicate with each other, but they text often about A.F. And both parents are

actively involved in A.F.’s life.

       Since the 2017 appeal, Leah and Kory have joint physical care of A.F.—

alternating weeks and exchanging custody on Friday evenings. The parent who

does not have physical care during the week may visit A.F. from 5:00 p.m.

to7:00 p.m. on Wednesdays. Leah and Kory also alternate holidays and are

granted two uninterrupted weeks of time with A.F. in the summers.
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       Four years after the earlier appeal, Leah petitioned the district court for

modification of this custody arrangement, requesting physical care of A.F. and

visitation to Kory. The district court denied Leah’s request. She appeals.1

   II. Standard of Review

       The framework for modification of custody orders between unmarried

parents is the same as that for dissolution decrees of married parents. Lambert v.

Everist, 418 N.W.2d 40, 42 (Iowa 1988). And because these proceedings are in

equity, we review these orders de novo. Phillips v. Davis-Spurling, 541 N.W.2d

846, 847 (Iowa 1995). Additionally, “we give weight to the findings of the trial court,

although they are not binding.” Dale v. Pearson, 555 N.W.2d 243, 245 (Iowa Ct.

App. 1996).

   III. Analysis

       Leah contends the conflict between her and Kory has escalated to the level

required to modify their shared-care arrangement. Leah emphasizes that she and

Kory have “been unable to communicate successfully for the benefit of their

daughter,” and that they “simply cannot cooperate.” With this, Leah asks the court

to grant her primary physical care of A.F.

       Courts may modify the terms of a custody order only when there has been

a substantial change in circumstances since the decree, not contemplated by the

court when the decree was entered, that was more or less permanent, and that

relates to the child’s welfare. Id. The party seeking modification bears the burden

1 Leah is represented by counsel on appeal.     Kory filed his appellee’s brief without
benefit of counsel.
                                         4

to show a substantial change has occurred. In re Marriage of Leyda, 355 N.W.2d

862, 865 (Iowa 1984).

       Leah cites Melchiori and Mayes as cases in which courts have modified

custody orders based on the parents’ deteriorating relationship. Melchiori v. Kooi,

644 N.W.2d 365 (Iowa Ct. App. 2002); Mayes v. Hagen, No. 09-1068, 2010 WL

625050, at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. Feb. 24, 2010). Because of the nature of these

proceedings, our determination is more fact dependent than precedent dependent.

In re Marriage of Fennelly, 737 N.W.2d 97, 100 (Iowa 2007). But even if we look

to precedent, in both Melchiori and Mayes, the parents agreed that the custodial

arrangement was not working and they could not find common ground when it

came to sharing care. See Melchiori, 644 N.W.2d at 368 (“The shared custody

provisions agreed to by these parties and incorporated into the decree have not

evolved as envisioned by either of the parties or the court. Both parents appear to

agree joint physical care is not working.”); Mayes, 2010 WL 625050, at *4 (“Both

[parents] admitted communication between them is horrible.”).

       By contrast, Kory disagrees that he and Leah are not on the same page.

He acknowledges “disagreements and communication issues” but claims they are

“not new.” And he points to their “general cooperation” as shown by “exchanging

dates” and attending parent-teacher conferences together.

       Further, the decision to modify an arrangement based on conflict hinges on

whether the “discord between [the] parents” disrupts the child’s life. Melchiori, 644

N.W.2d at 368. True, the record shows that Kory has been verbally abusive and

called Leah hurtful names. But the record does not show that A.F. had been

adversely affected by Kory’s bad judgment. As the district court found, A.F. is “on-
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track at school, has friends, and is generally happy.” The parents are able to

coordinate school drop off and pick up. Although A.F. has missed school, these

were mostly sick days from contracting COVID-19.

       When we considered the appropriateness of joint physical care in our 2017

ruling, the parents were having trouble with respectful communication. Their level

of discord is no different today.       We recognize that mutual respect and

communication are important factors to consider in determining modification. In re

Marriage of Harris, 877 N.W.2d 434, 441 (Iowa 2016). But in Harris, the parties’

joint physical care had “not evolved as envisioned” from the beginning. Those

parents were “unable to communicate civilly in person” and the “depth of their

animosity toward each other” was “not lost on the children.” Id.

       This record is different. In 2017, we hoped that the parents could “set aside

past disagreements” for A.F.’s sake, and they have proven they can—to some

extent. Although Kory is still disrespectful toward Leah, which is disappointing, the

parties are careful not to let this affect A.F. Leah mentions a couple of incidents

where Kory did not respond to her inquiries when he had physical care of A.F. and

when he took her on a trip without telling Leah. But we do not find this to be a

pattern of behavior. Leah and Kory have spent time with A.F. together. And Leah

talks to A.F. on the phone while she is in her father’s physical care. We find no

significant change in circumstances warranting modification of the parties’ current

custody arrangement.
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       Because we determine that the parties’ acrimony does not rise to the level

required to modify the custody order, we need not consider whether modification

would be in L.F.’s best interests.2

       Finally, Leah seeks to increase Kory’s child support obligation but does not

identify what material and substantial change in the parties’ financial

circumstances would justify that modification. See In re Marriage of Smith, 501

N.W.2d 558, 560 (Iowa Ct. App. 1993). Without that argument, we find the issue

waived on appeal.

       AFFIRMED.

2 We do note that Leah has leveled several serious allegations that Kory has

exposed A.F. to negative influences and unsafe situations. But like the district
court, we find these claims were not substantiated in the record.