Court Opinion

ID: 6716652
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-20 22:47:42.855044+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:01:31.852422
License: Public Domain

Gorman, J.,
concurring.
I concur in the conclusion reached by the majority of the court that the judgment must be reversed, not only for the reasons assigned in the opinion of the majority, but for the following additional reasons:
It appears from the record in the case that John Niemes owned and conducted a saloon, restaurant and billiard hall on the south side of Fifth street just west of Vine, in Cincinnati; that.he had carried on that business there for several years and had accumulated quite a competence. He had in his employ from fifteen to twenty persons — bookkéepers, bartenders, waiters, cooks, dishwashers and others — and he served a great number of people with meals every day. The receipts of his business approximated $300 a day or about $100,000 a year. The business required close attention, application and considerable ability, and Niemes manifested a peculiar and special ability to conduct a cafe and saloon. He had been suffering for some time from stone in the kidney, and on the 20th of January, 1913, he decided to go to the hospital and have an operation performed for its removal. On this day, previous to going to the hospital, he executed his will. The record discloses that he had *518under consideration the execution of his will for some time prior to the date of its execution — the period'extending back as far as August, 1912. The operation upon him was performed at Christ Hospital on the day following the execution of the will, January 21, 1913. A second operation was performed on him in February,- from the effects of which he died on the 17th of March, 1913, about two months after the execution of the will.
The plaintiffs in error, who are the representatives of his deceased mother, the brothers, the nieces and nephews of John Niemes, claim that there is error apparent on the face of the record in this, to-wit: first, that the verdict of the jury and the judgment of the court are manifestly against the weight of the evidence; second', that there was no evidence of undue influence offered in the trial of the case and that therefore this question should have been withdrawn from the consideration of the jury; third, that the court erred in charging the jury upon the question of undue influence in the absence of evidence tending to support such question; and also in the general charge and in the giving and refusal of special charges; fourth, that the court erred in the admission of evidence objected to at the time by counsel for plaintiff in error.
A great number of witnesses were offered by the contestant and the proponents of the will. No physicians were called by the contestant to testify as to the mental condition of John Niemes at, before or after the time he executed the will. The physician attendant at his last illness, and the physicians who called upon him on one or two other occasions, testified that he was mentally sound. The nurses who attended him at the hospital during the period of almost two months, testified that he was mentally sound. Other persons connected with the hospital who came in contact with Niemes and had occasion to observe him, testified that he was mentally sound. The witnesses to the will, both lawyers, testified that he was mentally sound at the time he executed the will. Many other witnesses who were called, who had occasion to observe Niemes from time to time covering *519a considerable period prior to the execution of the will, all testified that he was mentally sound and capable of making a will.
Many witnesses were called by the contestant, among them being waiters, bartenders and others who had been employed by Niemes in his business. Most, if not all, of these witnesses testified that in their opinion Niemes was not mentally sound. Their judgment was based upon their observation of him. They testified that at times he was nervous and not interested; absentminded ; would abruptly leave people; would forget things very readily; that he would discharge some of his people and re-employ them; that he had arguments with people, and many other incidents were recited upon which they based their opinions as to his mental capacity.
I am of the opinion that when the presumption of law that the probating of a will makes it a prima fade case as to its validity, is added to the testimony of the physicians who waited upon him, the nurses who attended him, the witnesses who attested the will — in opposition to the testimony of persons who were not in as good a position to observe Niemes’ mental condition, the verdict of the jury is manifestly against the weight of the evidence. It appears to me that the jury undertook to substitute its will and its judgment for that of John Niemes, and that because the will was not such as the jury would have made, they conceived it to be their province to set aside the will. I am of the opinion that the testator should be the one to make his will and not a jury, as appears to have been done in this case.
Furthermore, I think the record shows that there is not a scintilla of evidence in this case tending to show undue influence. 1^ is true that the brothers, Henry Niemes and Jacob Niemes, are beneficiaries under the will, and it was charged by the contestants that the testator had been unduly influenced by Henry and Jacob Niemes, and by Louis Kohl, the attorney who drew the will. There is no evidence whatsoever that Jacob or Henry Niemes, or Louis Kohl, exerted any undue influence, or any influence whatsoever to induce John Niemes to execute this will. *520There is evidence by Mrs. Niemes, the contestant, and a friend of hers, Mrs. Hobson, that John Niemes had said on one or two occasions that his brother Jake, who lived in Chicago, had asked him to make a will and that he had said he didn’t see any reason for making a will. There is also evidence tending to show that Jacob Niemes knew of John’s intention to make a will and that he was present on one or two occasions when John discussed his will, with his attorney, Louis Kohl. Manifestly, this is not evidence of undue influence. Under the law, one may influence another to make a will in his favor if he so desires, provided he does not make any false representations or practice impositions upon him to induce him to make a will, in substance perpetrating a fraud upon the'testator. But there is no evidence in this case, or any circumstances, from which undue influence could be found or inferred. The mere fact that Jacob and Henry Niemes are beneficiaries under the will does not even tend to establish undue influence. They were his brothers, and it would appear to be perfectly natural for him to remember them in his will; nor can any presumption or inference of undue influence be drawn from the fact that they are beneficiaries under the will; nor could any presumption of undue influence be drawn from the fact that they were in a position to have unduly influenced him.
Counsel for defendants requested the court to give several special charges which tended to eliminate from the minds of the jury the question of undue influence. These special charges, numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4, were refused. In refusing to give thém it appears to me that the trial court erred. These charges were all to the effect that there was no evidence in the ease that the paper writing purporting to be the last will and testament of John Niemes was executed while he was under restraint or undue influence and therefore the jury were not to consider the question of undue influence in determining whether or not the paper writing submitted to them was the last -will and testament of John Niemes. If there was no evidence of undue influence, there should have been no charge touching this question.
*521It has been urged that in view of the fact that there were two issues in the ease, to-wit, the mental capacity of John Niemes to make a will, and the question of undue influence exerted upon him, the fact, if it be a fact, that it was error on the part of the trial court in refusing to give the special charges and in incorporating in his general charge the question of undue influence, was not prejudicial to the plaintiffs in error because, non •constat, the jury may have found that the paper writing was not the last will and testament of John Niemes because of his mental incapacity.
But there were not two issues in the -case. There was only one issue, and that was whether or not the paper writing was the last will and testament of John Niemes. It was not the last will and testament of John Niemes if he did not have mental capacity to make a will, or if he was unduly influenced to make the will. The reasons or grounds upon which the jury were to determine whether the paper writing was or was not John Niemes’ will were the facts as to his mental capacity, and undue influence; but these facts do not constitute the issues in the case, and therefore the rule invoked by counsel for defendants in error that even though there was no undue influence shown, nevertheless the verdict and judgment should stand because on the other issue, to-wit, mental capacity, the jury were warranted in setting aside the will, does not hold.
If there was no "evidence of undue influence and the court charged the jury upon that question, it is impossible for this court or any other court to say that the jury did not return a verdict setting aside the will on the iground of undue influence. It was error to refuse to give these special charges, and it was error to give the general charge as given; and these errors were prejudicial, and being prejudicial, the verdict of the jury should not stand.