Court Opinion

ID: 3121376
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 14:07:46.063843+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:53:08.075619
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS
                         SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                              FORT WORTH

                             NO. 02-10-00479-CR

BRIAN PAUL NOWELL                                                  APPELLANT

                                       V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS                                                       STATE

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          FROM THE 432ND DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

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                        MEMORANDUM OPINION1
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      The State charged Appellant Brian Paul Nowell with driving while

intoxicated (DWI) enhanced to a felony by two prior misdemeanor DWI

convictions. Appellant moved to quash the indictment, arguing that one of the

priors—an alleged 1993 conviction entered upon a guilty plea—is void because

the statutory procedural requirements in effect in 1993 were not met. After a

hearing, the trial court denied the motion to quash. Appellant negotiated a plea-

      1
       See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
bargain agreement, retained his right to appeal the trial court’s ruling, and

pleaded guilty. The trial court followed the terms of the plea-bargain agreement,

and sentenced Appellant to two years’ confinement. We affirm.

      In his sole issue, Appellant contends that the trial court reversibly erred by

denying his motion to quash because the 1993 prior conviction is ―void on its

face.‖ Putting aside that there is no judgment from 1993 in the record, the face of

which we would otherwise examine in assessing Appellant’s claim, we will

assume without deciding that such a conviction exists. Further, we will assume

without deciding that Defense Exhibit 1—a document entitled ―Waiver of

Appointment of Attorney by Defendant Entering Plea of Guilty‖—is sufficient

evidence to show that the requirements of article 1.13 in effect at the time of the

alleged 1993 plea were not met.2       Even given these assumptions, however,

      2
       At the time of Appellant’s 1993 plea, article 1.13 of the Texas Code of
Criminal Procedure provided in pertinent part:

             (a) The defendant in a criminal prosecution for any offense
      other than a capital felony case in which the State notifies the court
      and the defendant that it will seek the death penalty shall have the
      right, upon entering a plea, to waive the right of trial by jury,
      conditioned, however, that such waiver must be made in person by
      the defendant in writing in open court with the consent and approval
      of the court, and the attorney representing the State. The consent
      and approval by the court shall be entered of record on the minutes
      of the court, and the consent and approval of the attorney
      representing the State shall be in writing, signed by him, and filed in
      the papers of the cause before the defendant enters his plea.

            ....

                                         2
Appellant’s claim fails because the court of criminal appeals has clearly resolved

this issue against Appellant’s position.

      In Ex parte McCain, the court of criminal appeals held that a violation of

article 1.13(c) does not render a conviction void. 67 S.W.3d 204, 209–11 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2002).     Appellant acknowledges McCain, but he argues that it is

distinguishable because McCain was an appeal from denial of habeas relief

whereas this case is a direct appeal from a conviction, and the trial court in this

case lacked jurisdiction because Appellant’s prior conviction is void.

      But neither are distinctions that exempt this case from McCain’s holding

that although not following statutorily imposed procedures such as those found in

article 1.13 may provide grounds for reversal on direct appeal, it does not render

convictions void. See id.

      This is also why Appellant’s reliance on Meek v. State is misplaced. 851
S.W.2d 868 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). In Meek, the court of appeals affirmed a

theft conviction handed down after a bench trial when the trial court’s file did not

contain a written jury waiver signed by the defendant as required by article 1.13.

Id. at 868–69. The court of criminal appeals reversed, holding that failure to

comply with the article’s requirement that the trial court’s file contain a

            (c) Before a defendant who has no attorney can agree to
      waive the jury, the court must appoint an attorney to represent him.

Act of June 16, 1991, 72nd Leg., R.S., ch. 652, § 1, art. 1.13, 1991 Tex. Gen.
Laws 2394, 2394.

                                           3
defendant’s signed, written jury waiver was error not subject to a harm analysis.

Id. at 870–71. But Meek did not hold that the conviction was ―void‖ and therefore

unavailable to enhance subsequent offenses. See id. Nor did Meek involve an

appeal from a subsequent conviction that relied on a previous conviction for

enhancement. See id. Further, the court of criminal appeals specifically noted

that the holding turned on the fact that Meek did not sign the jury waiver as

required by article 1.13; the court stated that it did not intend for the opinion to

necessarily extend to violations of other requirements of article 1.13. Id. at 871

n.6.

       Here, it appears from the record that Appellant signed a written jury waiver,

and he does not contend otherwise. While Meek may stand for the proposition

that noncompliance with article 1.13 is grounds for reversal on direct appeal,

McCain clearly stands for the proposition that such noncompliance does not

render a judgment void for enhancement purposes.               To the extent that

Appellant’s entire claim rests on the opposite premise, it is without merit.

       Finally, to the extent that Appellant’s claim rests on the premise that the

failure to comply with article 1.13 invalidated his waiver of a jury back in 1993,

and that this in turn rendered the 1993 judgment void, Appellant has cited no

authority and provides no argument for us to reverse this case on that basis.

See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(i).

                                          4
      Accordingly, we overrule Appellant’s sole issue and affirm the judgment.

                                                 LEE GABRIEL
                                                 JUSTICE

PANEL: WALKER, McCOY, and GABRIEL, JJ.

DO NOT PUBLISH
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)

DELIVERED: October 6, 2011

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