Court Opinion

ID: 4687587
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-05-17 20:00:51.510479+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:04:42.000025
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAY 17 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                       No.    20-10070

                Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
                                                1:15-cr-00272-DAD-BAM-3
 v.                                             Eastern District of California,
                                                Fresno
JOSEPH WAYNE ATTAWAY II,

                Defendant-Appellant.            MEMORANDUM*

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Eastern District of California
                    Dale A. Drozd, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 13, 2021**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, MILLER, Circuit Judge, and RESTANI,***
Judge.

      Joseph Wayne Attaway, II (“Appellant”) was convicted by a jury on three

counts related to conspiracy to distribute and distribution of methamphetamines,

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable Jane A. Restani, Judge for the United States Court of
International Trade, sitting by designation.
under 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(A)(viii), 846, and was sentenced to 204

months in federal prison. Appellant challenges his conviction and claims he was

denied a fair trial in violation of his due process rights based on improperly

admitted evidence in two forms: witness testimony regarding law enforcement

officials’ experience in gang-related assignments, and testimony describing the

arrests of Appellant’s alleged associates after a high-speed car chase.

      We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review evidentiary

decisions for an abuse of discretion. United States v. Alvirez, 831 F.3d 1115, 1120

(9th Cir. 2016). We review for plain error, however, when an objection is not

raised before the district court. FED. R. CRIM. P. 52(b); United States v. Olano, 507

U.S. 725, 731–36 (1993). We affirm because the district court did not commit plain

error or abuse its discretion.

      The district court properly admitted the testimony of law enforcement

officials regarding their gang-related assignments as relevant to their background

and qualifications. See United States v. Santiago, 46 F.3d 885, 889–90 (9th Cir.

1995) (holding there was no reversible error because the record does not indicate

that evidence was introduced “to condemn [Appellant] merely for affiliation with a

. . . gang”). The district court also properly admitted testimony about the arrests of

Appellant’s associates because the testimony made it more likely that Appellant’s

visits to their homes were in furtherance of his drug-trafficking scheme, and helped

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to explain why Appellant later sought a new drug supplier. Thus, the district court

made no “clear or obvious” legal error. Puckett v. United States, 556 U.S. 129, 135

(2009) (citing Olano, 507 U.S. at 734).

      Furthermore, even assuming the challenged testimony was improperly

admitted, there is overwhelming evidence of Appellant’s guilt on the record,

including wiretapped conversations in which Appellant discusses a drug sale and

his efforts to find an alternative drug supplier. Thus, there is no “reasonable

probability” that admitting the testimony in question “affected the outcome of the

trial[,]” and so the district court did not commit plain error. United States v.

Marcus, 560 U.S. 258, 262 (2010).

      Further, the district court did not abuse its discretion in admitting photos

identifying Appellant’s associates because the photos were relevant to confirming

who was arrested after the car chase and to connecting these individuals to the

addresses Appellant visited after each drug sale. See Sprint/United Mgmt. Co. v.

Mendelsohn, 552 U.S. 379, 384 (2008); United States v. Abel, 469 U.S. 45, 54

(1984). Given the evidence of Appellant’s guilt on the record, even if the photos

were improperly admitted, this “nonconstitutional error” did not “more likely than

not affect[] the verdict.” United States v. Edwards, 235 F.3d 1173, 1178–79 (9th

Cir. 2000).

      AFFIRMED.

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