Court Opinion

ID: 2757160
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-12-03 19:08:37.011306+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:28:19.469610
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                           FEB 02 2012
 1
                                                       SUSAN M SPRAUL, CLERK
                                                         U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
 2                                                       OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT

 3                  UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
 4                            OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 5   In re:                             )   BAP No. AZ-11-1045-ClJuKi
                                        )
 6   TUSCAN RANCH, INC.,                )   Bk. No.    0:10-14417-JMM
                                        )
 7                             Debtor.  )
     ___________________________________)
 8                                      )
     TUSCAN RANCH, INC.,                )
 9                                      )
                            Appellant, )
10                                      )
     v.                                 )   M E M O R A N D U M1
11                                      )
     AEA FEDERAL CREDIT UNION,          )
12                                      )
                                        )
13                          Appellee.   )
     ___________________________________)
14
                    Argued and Submitted on January 18, 2012
15
                            Filed - February 2, 2012
16
               Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
17                       for the District of Arizona
18      Honorable James M. Marlar, Chief Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding
19
     Appearances:    Robert M. Cook, Esq. Of the Law Offices of Robert
20                   M. Cook, PLLC argued for Appellant Tuscan Ranch,
                     Inc.; Gregory J. Gnepper, Esq. of Gammage & Burnham
21                   argued for Appellee AEA Federal Credit Union
22
     Before: Clarkson2,Jury and Kirscher, Bankruptcy Judges.
23
24
25        1
            This disposition is not appropriate for publication.
     Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may have
26   (see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1), it has no precedential value. See 9th
     Cir. BAP Rule 8013-1.
27
          2
            Hon. Scott C. Clarkson, United States Bankruptcy Judge for
28   the Central District of California, sitting by designation.

                                      -1-
 1        Chapter 113 Debtor in Possession and appellant Tuscan Ranch,
 2   Inc. (“Tuscan Ranch”, “Debtor” or “Appellant”) appeals the
 3   bankruptcy court’s order (the “Order”) granting the Motion for
 4   Relief from the Automatic Stay to Exercise Set-Off Rights Against
 5   Tuscan Ranch’s Accounts Held by AEA Federal Credit Union (the
 6   “Motion for Relief”).   The Appellant identifies three general
 7   challenges to the bankruptcy court’s order:
 8        (1) Whether the bankruptcy court erred in granting at a
 9   preliminary hearing the Motion for Relief;
10        (2) Whether the Bankruptcy Court erred in denying Tuscan
11   Ranch’s Motion for Reconsideration of the Motion for Relief Order
12   (“Motion for Reconsideration”); and
13        (3) Whether the Bankruptcy Court erred in failing to conduct
14   an evidentiary final hearing relative to the Motion for Relief4.
15        For the reasons discussed below, we AFFIRM the bankruptcy
16   court’s Order.
17                                I.    FACTS
18        Tuscan Ranch filed its voluntary chapter 11 petition on
19   May 11, 2010, (the “Petition Date”) in the District of Arizona,
20   Yuma Division.   On the Petition Date, the Debtor had in its bank
21   deposit accounts with AEA Federal Credit Union (“AEA”)
22   approximately $122,000.00.   On that same date, AEA placed an
23   “administrative freeze” on the deposit accounts.
24
25        3
            Absent contrary indication, all section and chapter
     references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532.
26
          4
            This third argument was mentioned only in passing within
27   the opening section of Appellant’s Brief and is never later
     addressed on the merits. The record is devoid of any request for a
28   final hearing made by any party.

                                       -2-
 1        On July 26, 2010, approximately 75 days following the
 2   Petition Date, AEA filed its “Motion for Relief from the Automatic
 3   Stay to Exercise Set-Off Rights Against Tuscan Ranch’s Accounts
 4   Held by AEA,” asserting that (a) on January 31, 2008, the Debtor
 5   and AEA entered into a “Commercial Loan Agreement for Loan 536"
 6   (the “Loan Agreement”), and other related loans; (b) that at the
 7   time of the Petition Date, the Debtor was in default on these
 8   loans5, and (c) that the Loan Agreement, and other related loans,
 9   authorized AEA to “set-off any amounts due and payable under the
10   terms of the Loan against any rights the Debtor had to receive
11   money from AEA, which included any deposit accounts that the
12   Debtor had with AEA.”6
13        On August 17, 2010, the Debtor filed its Response and
14   Objection to the Motion for Relief from the Automatic Stay,
15   stating that AEA had no setoff rights, but provided no factual
16   specifics to the bankruptcy court regarding this assertion, and
17   that AEA improperly imposed an “administrative freeze”.   The
18   Debtor further asserted that the “administrative freeze” by AEA
19   constituted a violation of § 362(a)(3) (“any act...to exercise
20   control over property of the estate”), and requested that the
21   Motion for Relief be denied.
22
23        5
            A proof of claim was filed by AEA on September 14, 2010, as
     Claim 1-1, which has been submitted within the Appendix to Appeal
24   Brief of AEA, indicating that AEA was owed $1,360,048.44 on the
     Petition Date for Loans No. 191, 536, 537,540, and 915. Further,
25   the Debtor’s schedule D indicates that the AEA was owed at least
     $895,000.00 by the Debtor.
26
          6
            The Motion for Relief did not cite under which specific
27   provision of § 362(d) (i.e. 362(d)(1) or (d)(2)) relief was being
     requested, and only that the Movant was entitled to relief under
28   “362" and “362(d)”.

                                    -3-
 1        On August 30, 2010, AEA replied to the Debtor’s Response and
 2   Objection, arguing that there was no dispute that the Debtor’s
 3   accounts were subject to setoff rights under § 553, that § 553
 4   allows setoff “if the debt was not incurred during the 90 days
 5   before bankruptcy, while the debtor was insolvent, or for the
 6   purposes of obtaining a set-off right.”    AEA further discussed and
 7   refuted the Debtor’s arguments that AEA’s administrative freeze
 8   was improper, arguing that the Debtor’s reliance on the Ninth
 9   Circuit’s BAP decision of In re Mwangi, 432 B.R. 812 (9th Cir. BAP
10   2010), was misplaced in that Mwangi only restricted the use of
11   administrative freezes on debtors’ bank accounts unless and except
12   when setoff rights were being protected.
13        On December 3, 2010, the bankruptcy court held a preliminary
14   hearing on AEA’s Motion for Relief from the Automatic Stay to
15   Foreclose on Security Interests.   Both counsel for AEA and Debtor
16   were present at the hearing.   At this hearing AEA’s counsel
17   informed the bankruptcy court that the parties had agreed to
18   submit this matter without a hearing.   The parties informed the
19   bankruptcy court that the matter could be submitted on the briefs.
20        Neither the Debtor nor AEA sought further briefing
21   opportunities, evidentiary hearings, or final hearings on the
22   Motion for Relief to Exercise Set-off Rights.
23        On December 7, 2010, the bankruptcy court entered its order
24   granting to AEA relief from stay7, specifically ruling that “AEA
25
26        7
            The record reflects that the Motion for Relief was not
     supported by any admissible evidence. However, the parties, by
27   implication, acknowledge that the Debtor’s Schedules admitted both
     the debt to AEA and the deposit account at AEA on the petition
28   date, demonstrating the mutuality necessary for set off rights.

                                     -4-
 1   is entitled to assert setoff rights once stay is lifted.”
 2   However, the Court also suggested within its Order that setoff
 3   rights might not be necessary if the real property security for
 4   the loan was sufficient to satisfy the AEA loans, stating,
 5       [t]he court has not been provided information as to
         whether AEA intends to marshal assets, and perhaps proceed
 6       against the real property collateral to satisfy the debt.
         If it can do so, it has no need to access the deposit
 7       accounts,   which   the   Debtor   may  utilize   in   its
         reorganization. But no party has raised this issue.
 8
              The Order further continued,
 9
         However, this case was filed on May 11, 2010. The court
10       ordered a plan and disclosure statement be filed by
         September 8, 2010. To date, none has been filed, and no
11       extensions have been granted. The case has been before the
         court for seven months, with no plan.
12
13        This last textural portion of the Order gives rise to the
14   Debtor’s assertion within this appeal that the Motion for Relief
15   was granted in error, because no Disclosure Statement and Plan was
16   filed by a deadline which the court remembered in its Order as
17   September 8, 2010.   The Debtor correctly points out, both in its
18   Motion to Reconsider and in this appeal, that the court-imposed
19   deadline was December 8, 2010, not September 8, 2010.
20        On December 14, 2010, the Debtor filed its Motion for
21   Reconsideration of Order Granting AEA Stay Relief Re: Account
22   Setoff (“Motion for Reconsideration”), asserting that the court
23   had based its Order on a misapprehension that the Debtor’s
24   Disclosure Statement and Plan had not been timely filed.    On
25   January 24, 2011, the Motion for Reconsideration was denied.
26        A review of the underlying record reflects that the
27   bankruptcy court only granted relief from stay to AEA to allow
28   later setoff activities under state law. The Order did not

                                     -5-
 1   formally approve the setoff of the accounts itself. The Debtor did
 2   not file any substantive pleadings with the bankruptcy court
 3   addressing AEA’s setoff rights, and as such, the final “rights” to
 4   setoff accounts were not addressed in the Order and are not
 5   addressed in the pending appeal. The only question presented is
 6   whether the bankruptcy court erred in granting relief from stay so
 7   that those rights could later be determined and exercised.
 8                               II.    JURISDICTION
 9        The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1334
10   and § 157(b)(2)(B).   We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158.
11                                     III.    ISSUE
12        Whether the bankruptcy court erred in granting AEA relief
13   from the automatic stay to permit setoff of the Debtor’s deposit
14   accounts.
15                         IV.    STANDARDS OF REVIEW
16        The bankruptcy court's decision to grant a motion for relief
17   from the automatic stay is within its sound discretion and is
18   reviewed for an abuse of discretion. In re Delaney-Morin, 304 B.R.
19   365, 368 (9th Cir. BAP 2003).        To determine whether the bankruptcy
20   court abused its discretion, we conduct a two-step inquiry: (1) we
21   review de novo whether the bankruptcy court “identified the
22   correct legal rule to apply to the relief requested” and (2) if it
23   did, whether the bankruptcy court’s application of the legal
24   standard was illogical, implausible or “without support in
25   inferences that may be drawn from the facts in the record.”
26   United States v. Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247, 1261-62 (9th Cir.
27   2009)(en banc).   A bankruptcy court necessarily abuses its
28   discretion if it bases its decision on an erroneous view of law or

                                              -6-
 1   clearly erroneous factual findings.      Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx
 2   Corp., 496 U.S. 384, 405 (1990), superseded on other grounds by
 3   Fed. Rules Civ. Proc. R. 11. The panel may also find an abuse of
 4   discretion if it has a definite and firm conviction that the
 5   bankruptcy court committed a clear error of judgment in the
 6   conclusion it reached. Beatty v. Traub (In re Beatty), 162 B.R.
 7   853, 855 (9th Cir. BAP 1994).
 8                                V.   DISCUSSION
 9           Tuscan Ranch raises three specific arguments on appeal.      Its
10   first argument is that the bankruptcy court “was at all times
11   confused as to proper deadlines” with respect to its previous
12   order setting deadlines for the Debtor to file a plan and
13   disclosure statement and that the Order’s “Memorandum of Points
14   and Authorities” (sic) “plainly states” that the Order was
15   premised on the failure to file the Disclosure Statement and Plan
16   on September 8, 2010, when the deadline was actually December 8,
17   2010.
18           The second argument raised by Tuscan Ranch is that the
19   bankruptcy court erred in granting relief by determining that AEA
20   was entitled to assert setoff rights.
21           Finally, the third argument raised by Tuscan Ranch, initially
22   in its Response to the Motion and again in its own Motion to
23   Reconsider, is that AEA improperly imposed an administrative
24   freeze on the Debtor’s deposit accounts at AEA, and (assumably,
25   but not specifically stated by Tuscan Ranch) that such action was
26   a proper defense to the Motion for Relief.
27
28

                                        -7-
 1        1.    Deadlines for Debtor to File Disclosure Statement and
                Plan
 2
 3        Tuscan Ranch’s first argument, that the bankruptcy court
 4   premised its order granting relief on a misconception of when a
 5   Plan and Disclosure Statement was to be filed is, initially, one
 6   way to read the Order Granting Relief.    The bankruptcy court’s
 7   Order states that “[t]he Debtor’s legal arguments are misplaced.
 8   AEA is entitled to assert setoff rights, once the stay is lifted.”
 9   If the Order said nothing more, no reasonable ambiguity could be
10   promoted by Tuscan Ranch.   However, the Order goes further,
11   stating:
12        The Debtor’s schedules reflect that AEA is also secured
          by various parcels of real property. The court has not
13        been provided information as to whether AEA intends to
          marshal assets, and perhaps proceed against its real
14        property collateral to satisfy the debt. If it can do
          so, it has no need to access the deposit accounts, which
15        the Debtor may utilize in its reorganization. But, no
          party has raised this issue.
16
          However, the case was filed on May 11, 2010. The court
17        ordered the plan and disclosure statement be filed by
          September 8, 2010. To date, none has been filed, and no
18        extensions have been granted. The case has been before
          the court for seven months, with no plan.
19
20        Tuscan Ranch argues that the Motion for Relief would
21   not have been granted if the bankruptcy court had known that
22   the actual deadline was December 8, 2010, instead of
23   September 8, 20108.   Tuscan Ranch raised this matter within
24   its Motion for Reconsideration.     However, as observed in the
25   bankruptcy court’s Order, the Debtor’s Response to the
26
27        8
            Tuscan Ranch is correct that the deadline for the Debtor to
     file a Plan and Disclosure Statement was December 8, 2010, and not
28   September 8, 2010, as set out in the Order.

                                   -8-
 1   Motion for Relief did not raise the obvious arguments that
 2   AEA was premature in desiring to setoff the bank accounts,
 3   or that other options were available to AEA, such as
 4   marshaling collateral or proceeding against the real
 5   property collateral as a first step of collecting its debt.
 6   While the bankruptcy court was perhaps mistaken regarding
 7   the dates of the previously imposed filing deadlines, the
 8   bankruptcy court was correct that the case had been pending
 9   for seven months with no plan, and that the Debtor had
10   raised no reasonable arguments as an alternative to granting
11   relief to allow AEA to seek its setoff remedies under
12   Arizona state law.   To assign error to the court granting
13   relief from stay because of a mistaken filing date for the
14   plan and disclosure statement, where the court recognized
15   that the case had been pending for a lengthy time, and that
16   it had no other alternative arguments before it, is a thin
17   and unsubstantial reed.   This Panel interprets the Order of
18   the bankruptcy court as simply observing that the court had
19   no alternative arguments (aside from AEA’s request for
20   setoff of its claim) from the Debtor as to the use of the
21   deposit account funds within a plan or reorganization9.    The
22   Debtor’s argument does not demonstrate the court’s abuse of
23   discretion with respect to the erroneous deadline stated
24   within its Order.
25
          9
            Although not stated by the court, this line of thought
26   presents itself as an inquiry of whether the Debtor had even
     attempted to meet its burden of demonstrating the deposit
27   accounts’ necessity for the purpose of reorganization as required
     by § 362(d)(2). However, as discussed below, this consideration
28   was not even raised by AEA or the Debtor.

                                  -9-
 1        2.   Alleged Adjudication of AEA’s Right to Setoff
 2        Tuscan Ranch’s second argument, that the bankruptcy
 3   court erred in determining that AEA had established setoff
 4   rights in the first place, runs afoul of the limited role
 5   bankruptcy courts must undertake in determining whether
 6   relief from stay should be granted to exercise setoff
 7   rights.
 8        Once a bankruptcy petition is filed, the stay under §
 9   362 takes effect and all pre-petition creditors are
10   automatically enjoined from taking actions to collect their
11   debts. Section 362(a)(7) specifically prohibits "the setoff
12   of any debt owing to the debtor that arose before the
13   commencement of the case under this title against any claim
14   against the debtor." 11 U.S.C. § 362(a)(7).
15        When a creditor demonstrates adequate grounds for
16   relief from stay, the bankruptcy court may grant relief from
17   stay pursuant to § 362(d). It is only after relief from stay
18   is granted that a creditor may exercise its offset rights
19   without violation of the stay.   In re Pieri, 86 B.R. 208,
20   210 (9th Cir. BAP 1988); Grella v. Salem Five Cent Sav.
21   Bank, 42 F.3d 26, 33-34 (1st Cir. 1994)(explaining that
22   relief from the stay is "merely a grant of permission from
23   the court allowing the creditor to litigate its substantive
24   claims elsewhere without violating the automatic stay").
25         The scope of a § 362 motion for relief from stay
26   hearing is summary in nature. "The hearing on a motion for
27   relief from stay is meant to be a summary proceeding, and
28   the statute requires the bankruptcy court's action to be

                                 -10-
 1   quick." Grella 42 F.3d at 31 (citing Matter of Vitreous
 2   Steel Prods. Co., 911 F.2d 1223, 1232 (7th Cir. 1990)).
 3   These motions do not and should not involve an adjudication
 4   of the merits of claims, defenses, or counterclaims, but
 5   simply determine whether the moving creditor holds a
 6   colorable claim or rights to the property of the estate.
 7   See In re Johnson, 756 F.2d 738, 740 (9th Cir.), cert.
 8   denied, 474 U.S. 828 (1985)("Hearings on relief from the
 9   automatic stay are thus handled in a summary fashion. The
10   validity of the claim or contract underlying the claim is
11   not litigated during the hearing.")(citation omitted); In re
12   Ellis, 60 B.R. 432, 436 (9th Cir. BAP 1985)("In any case,
13   stay litigation is not the proper vehicle for determination
14   of the nature and extent of those rights."); Grella, 42 F.3d
15   at 33 ("We find that a hearing on a motion for relief from
16   stay is merely a summary proceeding of limited effect, and .
17   . . a court hearing a motion for relief from stay should
18   seek only to determine whether the party seeking relief has
19   a colorable claim to property of the estate."); see also,
20   3 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 362.08[6], 362-130 and 131
21   (16th ed. rev. 2011).
22        In the present case, AEA filed its motion to annul the
23   automatic stay (citing §362 and §362(d) in general) in order
24   to exercise its setoff rights established under its
25   contract(s) with the Debtor and Arizona state law, and this
26   is precisely what was ordered by the bankruptcy court. “AEA
27   is entitled to assert setoff rights once stay is lifted.”
28   Where and when AEA was to assert those rights were beyond

                                 -11-
 1   the scope of the Motion for Relief or the Order.
 2        The bankruptcy court was not required to determine the
 3   precise rights afforded and duties placed upon AEA to
 4   exercise its setoff rights; it was only required to find
 5   that AEA held colorable claims of setoff rights in order to
 6   be granted relief from the automatic stay.   Tuscan Ranch’s
 7   argument simply overstates the requirements necessary to
 8   grant such relief, and the Panel finds that the bankruptcy
 9   court did not abuse its discretion in granting the relief
10   sought.
11        With respect to the statutory basis for the court to
12   grant relief from the automatic stay, AEA had but two
13   sections of § 362 to rely upon, § 362(d)(1) and § 362(d)(2).
14   In reviewing the record, the only grounds set out for relief
15   by AEA were its discussion of its rights to setoff the
16   deposit accounts under § 553.   The parties did not discuss
17   any issues regarding “equity” in the deposit accounts or
18   that the deposit accounts were necessary for an effective
19   reorganization.   Indeed, as earlier noted, the bankruptcy
20   court briefly touched on the specific lack of discussion by
21   the Debtor for the need of the funds in any reorganization
22   effort.   Thus, the Panel concludes that both AEA and the
23   bankruptcy court relied on § 362(d)(1) as the basis for
24   requesting and receiving relief from the automatic stay.
25   The parties have not raised any issues arising under
26   §362(d)(2), including the issue of equity in the deposit
27   accounts or necessity of the deposit accounts for an
28   effective reorganization, and we are not compelled to

                                  -12-
 1   address any such matters.
 2        3.      Section 362(d)(1): AEA Established that Cause
                  Existed for Granting Relief from Stay
 3
 4        This Panel’s decision in In re Gould sets out the
 5   standards for granting relief to parties seeking to setoff
 6   mutual pre-petition obligations under § 362(d)(1).    In re
 7   Gould (United States v. Gould), 401 B.R. 415, 426, (9th Cir.
 8   BAP 2009).    AEA, as the party seeking relief, first must
 9   establish a prima facie case that cause exists for relief
10   under § 362(d)(1). Once a prima facie case has been
11   established, the burden shifts to the opponent to show that
12   relief from the stay is not warranted. Id. at 426. In
13   In re Gould, this Panel adopted the view explained in
14   In re Ealy, 392 B.R. 408, 414 (Bankr. E.D. Ark. 2008), that
15   “Courts generally recognize that, by establishing a right to
16   setoff, the creditor has established a prima facie showing
17   of ‘cause’ for relief from the automatic stay under
18   §362(d)(1).”    In re Gould at 426.
19        The record is clear that AEA asserted, and Tuscan Ranch
20   did not rebut, that the Loan Agreements giving rise to
21   Tuscan Ranch’s obligations authorized AEA to setoff under
22   §553 “any amounts due and payable under the terms of the
23   Loan against any rights the Debtor had to receive money from
24   AEA, which included any deposit accounts that the Debtor had
25   with AEA.”    Tuscan Ranch’s only defense to the asserted
26   setoff rights was that AEA had improperly imposed an
27   administrative freeze on the accounts in violation of this
28   Panel’s holdings in In re Mwangi.

                                    -13-
 1           4.    The Administrative Freeze
 2           Tuscan Ranch raises the fact that AEA imposed an
 3   administrative freeze on the Debtor’s deposit accounts on
 4   the Petition Date and, by implication, reasons that such
 5   action should have served as a defense to the Motion for
 6   Relief.      Tuscan Ranch asserts that this Panel’s decision in
 7   In re Mwangi, 432 B.R. 812 (9th Cir. BAP 2010) directs AEA
 8   to not impose an administrative freeze on the Debtor’s
 9   deposit accounts. We do not believe that a full scale
10   revisitation or discussion of the In re Mwangi decision is
11   warranted at this time, except to provide a general
12   background and effect of that decision, as well as to remind
13   us of the Supreme Court decision of Citizens Bank of
14   Maryland v. Strumpf, 516 U.S. 16 (1995), which authorizes
15   administrative freezes for specific purposes.
16           In Strumpf, the Supreme Court held that a bank may
17   place an administrative freeze on a bankruptcy debtor's bank
18   account while the bank pursues relief from the automatic
19   stay.    In In re Mwangi, this Panel considered the systemic
20   practice of financial institutions placing administrative
21   freezes in almost all cases in which an individual chapter 7
22   debtor was a depositor of the institution, but where there
23   was no affirmative assertion of setoff rights.     The BAP held
24   in In re Mwangi that a bank cannot place an administrative
25   freeze on an individual chapter 7 debtor's bank account when
26   the bank does not claim a right of setoff, simply because
27   the bank was unsure of what to do with the funds.
28           Mwangi has very little, if anything, to do with this

                                     -14-
 1   present case or its facts. Mwagni involved an individual
 2   chapter 7 debtor who held undisputed statutory exemptions on
 3   the funds held by the bank.     The bank in that case held no
 4   claims of setoff, and asserted no claims, against the
 5   deposited funds.   On the other hand, the case before us
 6   concerns a corporate chapter 11 debtor in possession, with
 7   no eligible statutory exemptions, and a credit union with
 8   demonstrable setoff rights.
 9        The “administrative freeze” argument, presented to the
10   court as a defense to the Motion, is simply unpersuasive and
11   does not provide a rebuttal to the prima facie case under §
12   362(d)(1) made by AEA.
13                            VI.   CONCLUSION
14        The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion and
15   its decision is supported by the record.    For the reasons
16   set forth above, we AFFIRM.
17
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19
20
21
22
23
24
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27
28

                                    -15-