Court Opinion

ID: 4048140
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-29 00:34:01.224004+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:05:15.724956
License: Public Domain

ACCEPTED
                                                                                      02-15-00231-CV
                                                                          SECOND COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                FORT WORTH, TEXAS
                                                                                12/17/2015 8:48:27 AM
                                                                                       DEBRA SPISAK
                                                                                               CLERK

          No. 02-15-00231-CV                                         FILED IN
                                                              2nd COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                FORT WORTH, TEXAS
                          IN THE COURT OF APPEALS             12/17/2015 8:48:27 AM
                         SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS                 DEBRA SPISAK
                                FORT WORTH                             Clerk

                         NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO
                                                                    Appellant
                                    v.
                            MARY CRAVER DENNY
                                                                     Appellee

    Appeal from the 442nd Judicial District Court, Denton County, Texas
         Cause No. 14-03723-362; Hon. Tiffany Haertling presiding

             APPELLEE MARY CRAVER DENNY’S BRIEF

Loveless & Loveless, L.P.           Michael J. Whitten & Associates, P.C.

Curtis M. Loveless                  Adam T. Whitten
Texas Bar No. 12607000              Texas Bar No. 24077199
curtis@cmloveless.com               adam@whittenlawfirm.com
Darcy E. Loveless                   218 N. Elm St.
Texas Bar No. 24013062              Denton, TX 76201
darcy@cmloveless.com                (940) 383-1618 Ofc.
218 N. Elm St.                      (940) 898-0196 Fax
Denton, Texas 76201
(940) 387-3776 Ofc.
(940) 898-0196 Fax

Attorneys for Appellee Mary Craver Denny

                 Oral Argument Not Requested
                              Identity of Parties and Counsel
 Appellant:
 Norman Clarence Tolpo                  Trial and Appellate Counsel (Lead)
                                        Frank A. Adams
                                        Texas Bar No. 00855700
                                        frankaadamspc@yahoo.com
                                        Law Office of Adams & Adams
                                        3280 Delaware Street
                                        Post Office Drawer 7869
                                        Beaumont, Texas 77726-7869
                                        (409) 899-1900 Ofc.
                                        (409) 892-3903 Fax

                                        Appellate Counsel (Co-Counsel)
                                        Bruce W. Cobb
                                        Texas Bar No. 04431900
                                        bwcobb54@gmail.com
                                        Conley & Schexnaider
                                        3280 Delaware
                                        Beaumont, Texas 77703
                                        (409) 899-3360 Ofc.
                                        (409) 899-3372 Fax
 Appellee:
 Mary Craver Denny                      Trial and Appellate Counsel (Lead)
                                        Curtis M. Loveless
                                        Texas Bar No. 12607000
                                        curtis@cmloveless.com
                                        Darcy E. Loveless
                                        Texas Bar No. 24013062
                                        darcy@cmloveless.com
                                        Loveless & Loveless, L.P.
                                        218 N. Elm St.
                                        Denton, Texas 76201
                                        (940) 387-3776 Ofc.
                                        (940) 898-0196 Fax

                                        Appellate Counsel (Co-Counsel)
                                        Adam T. Whitten
                                        Texas Bar No. 24077199
                                        adam@whittenlawfirm.com
                                        Michael J. Whitten & Associates, P.C.
                                        218 N. Elm St.
                                        Denton, TX 76201
                                        (940) 383-1618 Ofc.
                                        (940) 898-0196 Fax

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                              Page i of xii
                                               Table of Contents
Identity of Parties and Counsel ............................................................................... i

Table of Contents .................................................................................................... ii

Index of Authorities ................................................................................................ v

Record Citations..................................................................................................... ix
Statement of the Case ............................................................................................. x
Statement Regarding Oral Argument ................................................................... xi

Issues Presented .................................................................................................... xii
Statement of Facts................................................................................................... 1

Summary of the Argument ..................................................................................... 7

Argument ................................................................................................................. 8

          Issue (1) Restated: Did the trial court abuse its discretion when it
          limited Tolpo’s presentation of evidence after Tolpo failed to follow
          discovery rules? ...........................................................................................8

          (A) Tolpo failed to preserve error on the exclusion of evidence by
               tendering an offer of proof or bill of exception. .................................8

          (B) Even if Tolpo preserved error, the trial court did not abuse its
               discretion in excluding evidence. ..................................................... 10
                (1) Standard of review. ....................................................................... 10

                (2) The trial court correctly excluded evidence not produced in
                discovery. ............................................................................................ 11

          Issue (2) Restated: Did the trial court abuse its discretion when it
          characterized Denny’s condo as her separate property when she
          purchased it before the marriage with separate funds?.................... 17

          (A) Standard of Review and Applicable Law.......................................... 17

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                                            Page ii of xii
          Issue (2)(a): Was there clear and convincing evidence of Denny’s
               separate property ownership by inception of title? ................... 20

          Issue (2)(b): Did Tolpo plead, present, and prove by clear and
               convincing evidence that Denny delivered a gift of the condo? 21

                    (a) Applicable law on gifts and separate property. ....................... 21
                    (b) Denny’s testimony does not prove the contents of the deed. . 23
                    (c) Tolpo did not plead and present
                    clear and convincing evidence of a gift. ........................................ 26

          Issue (3) Restated: Does the trial court’s failure to file findings of
          fact and conclusions of law create harmful error?............................. 28

          (A) Tolpo did not preserve error by timely filing notice of past-due
               findings after the trial court modified the judgment. ...................... 28

          (B) Tolpo was not harmed because he does not have to guess at the trial
               court’s reasoning. .............................................................................. 30

          (C) If Tolpo was harmed, then this Court should abate the appeal and
               direct the trial court to remedy the error. ......................................... 32

          Issue (4) Restated: Was Denny entitled to her attorney’s fees, and
          were they reasonable, necessary, and segregated? ............................. 33
          (A) Applicable Law and Standard of Review.......................................... 33
          (B) Denny is entitled to her attorney’s fees.............................................. 34

          (C) Denny proved her attorney’s fees and segregated them. .................. 36

Conclusion and Prayer.......................................................................................... 39

Certificate of Compliance .................................................................................... 40

Certificate of Service ............................................................................................ 40

Appendix ............................................................................................................... 41

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                                          Page iii of xii
(1)      Order Modifying Final Decree of Divorce (CR 131–143) ......... Tab 1
(2)     Denton County Local Rule 2.13 .................................................... Tab 2

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                      Page iv of xii
                                       Index of Authorities

Cases
A.G. Edwards & Sons v. Beyer, 235 S.W.3d 704 (Tex. 2007) .......................... 36

Akin v. Santa Clara Land Co., 34 S.W.3d 334
  (Tex. App.—San Antonio, 2000, pet. denied).................................................. 8

Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P. v. Nat'l Dev. & Research Corp.,
  299 S.W.3d 106 (Tex. 2009) ........................................................................... 33

Arthur Andersen v. Perry Equipment Corp., 945 S.W.2d 812 (Tex. 1997) ..... 36
Bahr v. Kohr, 980 S.W.2d 723
  (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998, no pet.)............................................ 22, 26, 27

Barras v. Barras, 396 S.W.3d 154
  (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, pet. denied) ....................... 17, 19, 24
Byrnes v. Byrnes, 19 S.W.3d 556
  (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000, no pet.) .......................................................... 34
Cameron v. Cameron, 641 S.W.2d 210 (Tex. 1982).......................................... 17
Cano v. Nino’s Paint and Body Shop, No 14-08-00033-CV
  (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Apr. 16, 2009) ......................................... 13

Chilton Ins. Co. v. Pate & Pate Enterprises, Inc.,
  930 S.W.2d 877 (Tex. App.—San Antonio, 1996)........................................ 37
City of Laredo v. Montano, 414 S.W.3d 731 (Tex. 2013) (per curiam)............ 33

Coker v. Coker, 650 S.W.2d 391 (Tex. 1983) .................................................... 35

Cornejo v. Jones, No. 05-12-01256-CV, 2014 WL 316607,
  (Tex. App.—Dallas Jan. 4, 2014, no pet.) ...................................................... 15

Dallas Area Rapid Transit v. Morris, 434 S.W.3d 752
  (Tex. App.—Dallas 2014, pet. denied) ........................................................... 10

Diaz v. Diaz, 350 S.W.3d 251
  (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2011, pet. denied)................................................. 33

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                             Page v of xii
El Apple I, Ltd. v. Olivas, 370 S.W.3d 757 (Tex. 2012) .............................. 33, 36

Estate of Finney, 424 S.W.3d 608 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.) ............. 10
Galvan v. Galvan, 534 S.W.2d 398
  (Tex. Civ. App.—Austin, 1976, writ dism’d) ................................................ 22

Hayes v. Rinehart, 65 S.W.3d 286
  (Tex. App.—Eastland 2001, no pet.) ........................................................ 21, 27
Hoefker v. Elgohary, 248 S.W.3d 326
  (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) ............................................. 38
In re A.B.P., 291 S.W.3d 91 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.) ...................... 18

In re A.M., 418 S.W.3d 830 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.) ................... 9, 15

In re Skarda, 345 S.W.3d 665 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2011, no pet.) ......... 22, 27
Jacobs v. Jacobs, 687 S.W.2d 731 (Tex. 1985).................................................. 17
Jensen v. Jensen, 665 S.W.2d 107 (Tex. 1984) .................................................. 18
Lane Bank Equip. Co. v. Smith S. Equip., Inc.,
  10 S.W.3d 308 (Tex. 2000) ............................................................................. 28
Long v. Griffin, 442 S.W.3d 253 (Tex. 2014) (per curiam) ............................... 33
Magness v. Magness, 241 S.W.3d 910
 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied) ..................................................... 21, 26
McInnes v. Yamaha Motor Corp., U.S.A., 673 S.W.2d 185 (Tex. 1984)............ 9
Mecaskey v. Mills, 8 S.W.2d 688
  (Tex. Civ. App—Fort Worth 1928, writ dism’d) ........................................... 23

Moroch v. Collins, 174 S.W.3d 849
 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, pet. denied) ..................................................... 18, 20

Oscar Luis Lopez v. La Madeleine of Texas, 200 S.W.3d 854
  (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.) .................................................................. 11

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                             Page vi of xii
Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. v. Malone,
 972 S.W.2d 35 (Tex. 1998) ....................................................................... 10, 15

Perry v. S.N., 973 S.W.2d 301 (Tex. 1998) .......................................................... 1

Reaves v. Reaves, No. 11-11-00026-CV, 2012 WL 3799668,
  (Tex. App.—Eastland Aug. 31, 2012, no pet.) (mem. op.) ........................... 22

Sabine Offshore Serv., Inc. v. City of Port Arthur,
  595 S.W.2d 840 (Tex. 1979) ............................................................................. 1

Sonnier v. Sonnier,
  331, S.W.3d 211 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2011, no pet.) .............................. 29
Stavinoha v. Stavinoha, 126 S.W.3d 604
   (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, no pet.) .......................................... 19

White v. Harris-White, No. 01-07-00521-CV
 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 28, 2009) ..................................... 30, 32
Wiesner v. FBI, 668 F. Supp. 2d 157 (D.D.C. 2009) ......................................... 23
Will. v. Cnty. of Dallas, 194 S.W.3d 29
  (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, pet. denied) ..................................................... 13, 14

Constitutional Provisions
TEX. CONST. art. XVI, § 15 .................................................................................. 18

Statutes
TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.001 ................................................................................ 18, 21

TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.003 ...................................................................................... 18

TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.708(c)............................................................................ 33, 36

TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.709 ...................................................................................... 37

TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.711 .......................................................................... 30, 31, 32
TEX. FAM. CODE § 7.001 ...................................................................................... 17
TEX. FAM. CODE § 7.006 ...................................................................................... 34

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                                Page vii of xii
Rules
DENTON CNTY. LOCAL R. 2.13 ............................................................................. 15

TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1 .............................................................................................. 34

TEX. R. APP. P. 33.2 ................................................................................................ 9

TEX. R. APP. P. 38.2(a)(1)(B) .....................................................................xi, xiii, 1
TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1(a) ......................................................................................... 18
TEX. R. APP. P. 44.4 .............................................................................................. 32
TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6 ................................................................................ 11, 14, 15
TEX. R. CIV. P. 251................................................................................................ 14
TEX. R. CIV. P. 296.......................................................................................... 28, 30

TEX. R. CIV. P. 297.......................................................................................... 28, 29
TEX. R. CIV. P. 298 ................................................................................................ 30

TEX. R. CIV. P. 329b(g)......................................................................................... 28

TEX. R. CIV. P. 329b(h)......................................................................................... 28
TEX. R. EVID. 1004 ............................................................................................... 23

TEX. R. EVID. 1007 ......................................................................................... 23, 25
TEX. R. EVID. 103(a)(2) .......................................................................................... 8

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                                     Page viii of xii
                                     Record Citations

        Appellee will cite the Clerk’s Record as “CR [Page].”

        Appellee will cite the Reporter’s Record as “[Vol.] RR [Page].”

        Appellee will cite the Appendix to this brief as “Apx. [Tab].”

       Volume 4 of the Reporter’s Record contains exhibits from the bench trial
(Vol. 2) as well as exhibits from the post-trial motion to modify and motion for
new trial (Vol. 3). To aid the Court and hopefully ease confusion, Appellee will
cite the exhibits “[hearing volume] RR [Ex. #].”

       For example, Petitioner’s Exhibit 1 from the bench trial shall be cited as
“2 RR Pet. Ex. 1,” and Petitioner’s Exhibit 2 from the post-trial hearing shall be
cited as “3 RR Pet. Ex. 2.”

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                        Page ix of xii
                                     Statement of the Case
      Denny is dissatisfied with Tolpo’s statement of the case and presents the
following for the Court’s consideration. TEX. R. APP. P. 38.2(a)(1)(B).

 Nature of the                 This is a divorce and property characterization case.
 Case
                              Appellee Mary Craver Denny filed for divorce from
                           Appellant Norman Clarence Tolpo. [CR 5–12 (Original
                           Petition for Divorce)]. Tolpo filed only a general denial
                           prior to rendition of judgment. [CR 13–14 (Respondent’s
                           Original Answer)]. The parties settled all issues between
                           them except for issues related to Denny’s condominium in
                           Austin, Texas. [4 RR Pet. Ex. 2, Vol. 2 (Agreement Inci-
                           dent to Divorce)].

 Trial Court                  442nd Judicial District Court, Denton County, Texas,
                           the Honorable Tiffany Haertling, presiding.1
 Course of                    After a bench trial on April 28, 2015, Judge Haertling
 Proceedings               orally rendered judgment against Appellant and awarded
                           Appellee the Austin condo as her separate property. [2 RR
                           103:20–23].

 Trial Court’s                 The trial court signed a Final Decree of Divorce on
 Disposition               May 26, 2015. [CR 61–72]. On Appellee’s motion, the
                           trial court entered a modified final judgment on July 17,
                           2015 [CR 131–143]; Apx. 1.

        1
         The case was originally assigned to the 362nd Judicial District Court, Denton County,
Texas, the Honorable Bruce McFarling, presiding. The case was administratively transferred
from the 362nd to the 442nd. [CR 222].

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                 Page x of xii
                         Statement Regarding Oral Argument
        This is a divorce and property characterization case. Denny believes the

law is settled and oral argument will not materially benefit the Court. Denny re-

serves the right to appear and argue if the Court sets the matter for oral submis-

sion.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                      Page xi of xii
                                     Issues Presented
      Denny is dissatisfied with Tolpo’s issues presented and presents the fol-
lowing issues for the Court’s consideration. TEX. R. APP. P. 38.2(a)(1)(B).

       (1) Did the trial court abuse its discretion when it limited Tolpo’s presen-
tation of evidence after Tolpo failed to follow discovery rules?

      (2) Did the trial court abuse its discretion when it characterized Denny’s
condo as her separate property when she purchased it before the marriage with
separate funds?

        (a) Was there clear and convincing evidence of Denny’s separate property
        ownership by inception of title?

        (b) Did Tolpo plead, present, and prove by clear and convincing evidence
        that Denny delivered a gift of the condo?

      (3) Does the trial court’s failure to file findings of fact and conclusions of
law create harmful error?

      (4) Was Denny entitled to her attorney’s fees, and were they reasonable,
necessary, and segregated?

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                       Page xii of xii
TO THE HONORABLE SECOND COURT OF APPEALS:

        Appellee Mary Craver Denny respectfully files her Brief and would show

the Court the following:

                                     Statement of Facts
        Denny is dissatisfied with Tolpo’s statement of facts and presents the fol-

lowing for the Court’s consideration.2 TEX. R. APP. P. 38.2(a)(1)(B).

        This is a divorce and property characterization case. Denny married Nor-

man Clarence Tolpo on or about May 6, 2005. [2 RR 24:17–19]. Tolpo threat-

ened to divorce Denny on several occasions. [2 RR 27:12–28:5]. Denny eventu-

ally filed for divorce on May 15, 2014. [CR 5–12]. Tolpo only filed a general

denial in response. [CR 13–14].

        The parties entered into an Agreement Incident to Divorce confirming

most of the parties separate property and dividing any community or mixed char-

acter property. [2 RR Pet.’s Ex. 2]. The only remaining issues between the two

related to Denny’s condominium in Austin, Texas.

        2
          Tolpo’s statement of facts (and brief at large) is replete with references to discussions
in chambers, settlement negotiations, and other matters not presented at trial or at the post-trial
hearing. Such references are outside the record of this appeal and this Court should ignore
them. See e.g., Perry v. S.N., 973 S.W.2d 301, 303 (Tex. 1998) (“We may not consider factual
assertions that appear solely in the appellate briefs and not before the trial court.”) and Sabine
Offshore Serv., Inc. v. City of Port Arthur, 595 S.W.2d 840, 841 (Tex. 1979) (“Affidavits out-
side the record cannot be considered by the Court of Civil Appeals for any purpose other than
determining its own jurisdiction.”).

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                     Page 1 of 41
        Denny bought her condo from Don and Ann Windle in 1993, twelve years

before the marriage. [2 RR Pet.’s Ex. 8]. Denny paid cash for her condo. [2 RR

26:2–7]. Denny paid all the expenses on her condo during the marriage. [2 RR

32:24–33:10 & 2 RR Pet. Ex. 6].

        At the time Tolpo filed his answer, his attorney confirmed that Tolpo be-

lieved Denny’s condo was her separate property. [2 RR Pet. Ex. 9; “He prefers

not to get a divorce but if a divorce must happen, there is only one significant

piece of community property and that is a mortgage on a building on Guadalupe

Street in downtown Austin. Mr. Tolpo also has some pictures hanging on the

walls in Ms. Denny's condominium in Austin.”] (emphasis added).

        The Agreement Incident to Divorce allowed, but did not obligate, the par-

ties to pursue any claims it wished regarding Denny’s condo: “The parties agree

and stipulate that either party may assert any claim, liability, debt obligation, ac-

tion or causes of action of any kind relating to or arising from the ownership and

liabilities of the Westgate condominium described herein below as [legal de-

scription of Denny’s condo].” [2 RR Pet. Ex. 2, p. 11, ¶ 3.17].

        After the Agreement Incident to Divorce, Denny filed a First Amended

Petition for Divorce asserting that the condo was her separate property, or alter-

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                         Page 2 of 41
natively, to divide any community interest in a manner that was just and equita-

ble. [CR 19–31, ¶ 10]. Tolpo continued to rely on his previously-filed general

denial.

        To gather evidence regarding the marital estate and condo specifically,

Denny sent Tolpo several routine discovery requests. [CR 15–18 (Certificates of

Written Discovery); 2 RR Pet. Ex. 1]. Tolpo failed to respond causing Denny to

file a motion to compel. [CR 34–49]. Afterwards, Tolpo and Denny entered into

a Rule 11 Agreement setting Tolpo’s deposition. [CR 50]. Tolpo untimely

moved to quash the deposition three days beforehand, but did not secure a hear-

ing or ruling. [CR 51–56].

        Thereafter, Tolpo and Denny agreed to a final trial setting and had a spe-

cial setting with the trial court for April 28, 2015. [CR 57–58 (Notice of Final

Trial Setting); 2 RR 6:4–10 (special setting) & 9:9–15 (agreed setting)]. Despite

the agreed setting, Tolpo announced not ready and orally moved for a continu-

ance, which the trial court denied. [2 RR 6:14–16 (oral motion), 10:3–4 (contin-

uance denied)].

        Denny testified on direct examination that Tolpo’s health and violent tem-

per caused strife in the marriage. [2 RR 27:2–11]. She testified about her owner-

ship of the condo and payment of expenses, totaling over $60,000 during the

marriage. [2 RR 32:24–33:10, 34:11–18 & 2 RR Pet. Ex. 6]. Denny read into

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                       Page 3 of 41
evidence the letter from Tolpo’s counsel that stated he believed the condo to be

Denny’s. [2 RR 36:19–24 & 2 RR Pet. Ex. 9]. She also testified that Tolpo, on

several occasions, stated that the condo was hers. [2 RR 36:25–37:10]. She tes-

tified that she never intended to convey Tolpo an interest in the condo. [2 RR

38:19–39:4]. Denny testified on cross examination that she intended to retain all

interest in her condo. [2 RR 52:4–7]. She also testified that Tolpo at first was not

asserting a claim to her condo. [2 RR 57:20–22].

        During Denny’s cross examination, Tolpo attempted to question Denny

on a deed of a partial interest in her condo. Denny objected. After a review of the

objections and discovery requests, the trial court sustained Denny’s objection as

a discovery sanction and violation of local rules. [2 RR 45:5–49:13]. Tolpo again

attempted to get questions in regarding the deed, which the court denied. [2 RR

65:24–67:16].

        After the conclusion of evidence and argument at bench trial, the trial

court orally awarded Denny’s condo to her as her separate property. [2 RR

103:20–23]. The trial court signed a Final Decree of Divorce on May 26, 2015.

[CR 61–71].

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                        Page 4 of 41
        Denny filed a Motion for Temporary Orders Pending Appeal requesting

payment of certain condominium expenses during appeal, as well as appellate

attorney’s fees. [CR 77–78]. Denny also filed a Motion to Modify, Reform, or

Correct the Judgment, asking the Court to modify the judgment to include con-

ditional appellate attorney’s fees and for reimbursement to Denny for damages

to her condo caused by Tolpo. [CR 79–81]. The Court modified the judgment to

include appellate attorney’s fees and an award of $4,536.32 to Denny for dam-

ages to the condo caused by Tolpo. [3 RR 41:19–42:12 (oral rendition of dam-

ages); CR 128 (order); CR 131–143 (modified judgment)]. The trial court’s mod-

ified final judgment:

        • Confirms the parties’ Agreement Incident to Divorce;

        • Awards the condo as Denny’s separate property;

        • Awards Denny $4,536.32 for damages to the condo3; and

        • Awards Denny both attorney’s fees of $7,500 for trial and conditional
          attorney’s fees on appeal.

[CR 131–143].

        3
            Tolpo admitted he owed these charges. [2 RR 93:10-25].

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                    Page 5 of 41
        After the April 28 trial, Tolpo requested findings of fact and conclusions

of law, but the trial court did not file any. [CR 75–76 & 115–16]. Tolpo also filed

an Amended Answer without leave of the trial court 64 days after oral rendition

of judgment and 36 days after entry of the original written final decree, for the

first time filing a written pleading asserting the condo was his one-half separate

property through gift. [CR 96–99]. Tolpo also filed a motion for new trial. [CR

82–95]. The trial court denied Tolpo’s motion for new trial. [3 RR 19:25–20:1;

CR 127]. Tolpo timely filed his notice of appeal. [CR 129].

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                       Page 6 of 41
                                Summary of the Argument
        Tolpo failed to preserve error on the exclusion of evidence because he did

not tender an offer of proof and the record does not contain a bill of exception.

Even if he did preserve error, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it

limited Tolpo’s presentation of the evidence because Tolpo did not follow well-

established rules for discovery and presentation of exhibits.

        The trial court did not abuse its discretion when it characterized Denny’s

condo as her separate property. Denny bought the Westgate Condo twelve years

before the marriage with her separate funds. Denny presented clear and convinc-

ing evidence to rebut the presumption that the Condo was community property.

Tolpo failed to plead, prove, or present clear and convincing evidence that any

conveyance of an interest in the condo was a gift from Denny to Tolpo.

        The trial court’s failure to file findings of fact and conclusions of law do

not create harmful error because Tolpo is able to present his appeal. Alterna-

tively, the correct remedy is for this Court to abate this appeal.

        The trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding Denny her attor-

ney’s fees. Denny pleaded, proved, and segregated her fees.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                        Page 7 of 41
                                       Argument
          This Court should affirm the trial court’s judgment in all things.

Issue (1) Restated: Did the trial court abuse its discretion when it limited
Tolpo’s presentation of evidence after Tolpo failed to follow discovery rules?
          No. First, Tolpo failed to preserve error. Second, even if he did preserve

error, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in limiting Tolpo’s presentation

of evidence because Tolpo failed to respond to routine discovery, failed to appear

at an agreed deposition, failed to follow established witness and exhibit proce-

dures, and failed to file a written motion for continuance.

          (A) Tolpo failed to preserve error on the exclusion of evidence
          by tendering an offer of proof or bill of exception.
          Tolpo’s second issue complains about the exclusion of a deed from Denny

to Tolpo allegedly conveying a 1/2 interest in the Austin condo. But Tolpo failed

to preserve error on the excluded evidence and has therefore waived this com-

plaint.

          Tolpo failed to tender an offer of proof at trial. TEX. R. EVID. 103(a)(2). A

complaining party does not preserve error of excluded evidence “unless the sub-

stance of the evidence is made known to the court by offer, or was apparent from

the context within the questions were asked.” Akin v. Santa Clara Land Co., 34
S.W.3d 334, 339 (Tex. App.—San Antonio, 2000, pet. denied). “Without an of-

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                             Page 8 of 41
fer of proof, the appellate court cannot determine whether the exclusion of evi-

dence was harmful.” In re A.M., 418 S.W.3d 830, 840 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013,

no pet.) (citing Perez v. Lopez, 74 S.W.3d 60, 66 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2002, no

pet.)). Not once does the record reflect that Tolpo requested to tender an offer of

proof. Tolpo attempted to question Denny about the deed, but the trial court re-

peatedly sustained objections to those questions. Tolpo failed to request leave to

tender an offer of proof about the questions or the deed.

        The record before this Court does not show that Tolpo requested or the

trial court permitted him to file a formal bill of exception. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.2.

A bill of exception is necessary to preserve error of matters outside the record.

Id. Because the record before this Court does not contain a formal bill of excep-

tion, the excluded deed is not before this Court for review.

        This Court cannot reach the question of whether evidence was erroneously

excluded unless the excluded evidence is included in the record for its review via

offer of proof or bill of exception. See McInnes v. Yamaha Motor Corp., U.S.A.,

673 S.W.2d 185, 187 (Tex. 1984), aff'd, 977 S.W.2d 562 (Tex. 1998). Tolpo’s

failure to follow basic rules and procedures by tendering an offer of proof or bill

of exception precludes this Court’s review on appeal.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                       Page 9 of 41
        (B) Even if Tolpo preserved error, the trial court did not
        abuse its discretion in excluding evidence.
        The trial court did not abuse its discretion in excluding evidence of

Tolpo’s alleged gift theory. Tolpo failed to follow discovery deadlines, failed to

appear at deposition, and failed to follow local rules for the exchange of exhibits

before trial. The trial court acted within its discretion. This Court should affirm.

(1) Standard of review.
        The court of appeals reviews the trial court’s admission or exclusion of

evidence under an abuse of discretion standard. Estate of Finney, 424 S.W.3d
608, 612 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.). A trial court abuses its discretion

when it rules “without regard for any guiding rules or principles.” Owens-Corn-

ing Fiberglas Corp. v. Malone, 972 S.W.2d 35, 43 (Tex. 1998). A judgment will

not be reversed based on the admission or exclusion of evidence unless the ap-

pellant establishes that the trial court's ruling was error and the error probably

caused the rendition of an improper judgment. Id. When reviewing whether the

evidence was properly admitted or excluded, the appellate court must review the

entire record. Dallas Area Rapid Transit v. Morris, 434 S.W.3d 752, 763 (Tex.

App.—Dallas 2014, pet. denied). The appellate court must uphold a trial court's

evidentiary ruling if there is any legitimate basis in the record to support it.

Malone, 972 S.W.2d at 43.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                        Page 10 of 41
(2) The trial court correctly excluded evidence not produced in discovery.
        Tolpo attempted to put a document into evidence after he failed to respond

to discovery requests and to follow established local rules to exchange exhibits

before trial. The trial court excluded the document and testimony regarding it

because of these violations. The trial court acted within the parameters of estab-

lished procedural rules and thus did not abuse its discretion.

        Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 193.6 mandates the exclusion of evidence

when a party fails to timely respond to discovery. TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6. The rule

provides an exception where the party seeking to introduce evidence shows good

cause or that the evidence will not “unfairly surprise or unfairly prejudice the

other parties.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6(a)(1)–(2). The burden rests on the party

seeking to introduce evidence. TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6(b). The trial court’s ruling

must be supported by the record. TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6(c). “[Rule 193.6] applies

when the existence of evidence was not disclosed in a timely manner, whether

or not such evidence related to an issue both parties knew existed in the case.”

Oscar Luis Lopez v. La Madeleine of Texas, 200 S.W.3d 854, 862 (Tex. App.—

Dallas 2006, no pet.).

        Tolpo’s brief appears to abandon any arguments related to good cause.

That is because he had none. Tolpo totally failed to respond to timely discovery

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                      Page 11 of 41
requests that would have required production of the deed. Tolpo failed to attend

an agreed upon deposition where he could have been questioned about the al-

leged gift by deed. Tolpo failed to exchange exhibits prior to trial. Tolpo at-

tempted to continue an agreed, specially set trial. Tolpo exercised his obstreper-

ousness at every turn of the proceedings in an attempt to avoid trial. He had no

good cause for failing to produce the document before trial, and he knew it.

        Tolpo instead argues that introduction of the document would not work

unfair surprise or prejudice to Denny. But Tolpo’s argument that there was no

trial by ambush is not supported by the case law and the record.

        The record contains Denny’s Request for Production, [2 RR Pet. Ex. 1],

the Rule 11 agreement setting Tolpo’s deposition, [2 RR Pet. Ex. 3], Tolpo’s

motion to continue the deposition, [2 RR Pet. Ex. 4], and her motion to compel,

[2 RR Pet. Ex. 5]. The Rule 11 Agreement limited the requests for production to

documents related to Denny’s condo. [2 RR Pet. Ex. 3 (“I only want documents

pertaining to the claims regarding the Austin condominium”)]. In reviewing the

documents and Denny’s objection, the trial court asked Tolpo whether the doc-

ument was ever produced in discovery, to which he replied “no.” [2 RR 47:20–

49:13]. The trial court denied the introduction of the document because it was

not produced in discovery. Id. The record thus supports the trial court’s exclusion

of the document.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                      Page 12 of 41
        Likewise, the case law does not support Tolpo’s argument. Tolpo relies

on both Cano v. Nino’s Paint and Body Shop, No 14-08-00033-CV (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.] Apr. 16, 2009) and Williams v. Cnty. of Dallas, 194 S.W.3d
29, 32-33 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, pet. denied), for the proposition that the trial

court’s admission of documents not produced in discovery does not work unfair

surprise or prejudice when “both parties had actual knowledge of the document.”

But Tolpo misstates the law, and Cano and Williams are distinguishable.

        The Williams court affirmed the admittance of tax statements not pro-

duced in discovery because the county’s pleadings had put Williams on notice

of the issues and property in dispute, attached as an exhibit a statement for most

of the tax years in question, and stated that the suit covered all delinquent taxes

owed at time of trial. Williams, 194 S.W.3d at 32-33. The Cano court, relying on

Williams, applied the same logic, ruling that the trial court did not err admitting

five documents not produced in discovery because the same documents were

attached to the defendant’s pleadings. Cano, No 14-08-00033-CV.

        Here, Tolpo filed only a general denial before trial. [CR 13–14]. He did

not attach exhibits. The general denial does not contain any affirmative pleading

regarding Tolpo’s separate property theory of gift. So unlike Williams and Cano,

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                      Page 13 of 41
Tolpo provided no notice of his theories and no notice of his supporting docu-

mentation before the trial date. The trial court therefore was well-within its

bounds to exclude the evidence.

        Tolpo also misstates where the prejudice should fall, claiming that the ex-

clusion of the document works unfair prejudice to him. But the Rule states

plainly that the trial court must find that introduction of the evidence would not

“unfairly prejudice the other parties,” not the party moving its admission. TEX.

R. CIV. P. 193.6(a)(2) (emphasis added); Williams, 194 S.W.3d at 32-33. The

“unfair prejudice” to Tolpo was due entirely to his own conduct and is of no

consequence in this Court’s review.

        Tolpo finally argues that the trial court should have granted a continuance

so that Tolpo could formally disclose the document. Appellant’s Brief at 23–24;

see TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6(c). This is incorrect for two reasons. First, Tolpo re-

quested a continuance based on alleged health reasons of the client and his pro-

nouncement that he was not ready for trial. [2 RR 5:19–6:16]. The trial court

denied continuance. [2 RR 10:3–4]. Tolpo never requested a continuance under

Rule 193.6 after the trial court excluded the document he sought to admit. Sec-

ond, Tolpo presented only an oral motion for continuance, which does not com-

ply with the rules. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 251. Thus, Tolpo failed to preserve error

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                       Page 14 of 41
on any complaint about a continuance. In re A.M., 418 S.W.3d at 838 (citing

Strong v. Strong, 350 S.W.3d 759, 762 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, pet. denied)).

        Additionally, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it excluded

the document based on Denton County Local Rule 2.13, which requires the ex-

change of witness lists, exhibit lists, and exhibits prior to trial. See Apx. 2, DEN-

TON CNTY. LOCAL R.          2.134. The local rule authorizes the trial court to exclude

witnesses and exhibits not exchanged prior to trial. Id. The trial court did exactly

that and excluded the document because Tolpo did not exchange it prior to trial.

[2 RR 39:13–40:2].

        The trial court correctly excluded the document and testimony. The trial

court expressly referred to guiding rules and principles in doing so and did not

err in its application of those rules and principles. Malone, 972 S.W.2d at 43. The

trial court therefore did not abuse its discretion in excluding the document under

both TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6 and DENTON CNTY. LOCAL R. 2.13. See Cornejo v.

Jones, No. 05-12-01256-CV, 2014 WL 316607, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Jan.

4, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.) (stating that the trial court “possesses no discretion”

        4
         In practice, local practitioners exchange these the Friday before trial unless a sched-
uling order requires otherwise.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                  Page 15 of 41
in excluding evidence absent showing of good cause or unfair surprise or preju-

dice). This Court should thus affirm the exclusion of the document and testimony

related to it.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                    Page 16 of 41
Issue (2) Restated: Did the trial court abuse its discretion when it character-
ized Denny’s condo as her separate property when she purchased it before
the marriage with separate funds?
        No. The property was presumed community and each side must present

clear and convincing evidence that it was their separate property. Denny pre-

sented clear and convincing evidence that she purchased the condo before mar-

riage, defeating the community property presumption. But Tolpo failed to plead,

present, and prove by clear and convincing evidence that Denny gifted him an

undivided 1/2 interest in the condo. This Court should therefore affirm.

        (A) Standard of Review and Applicable Law
        In a decree of divorce, a trial court must “order a division of the estate of

the parties in a manner that the court deems just and right.” TEX. FAM. CODE

§ 7.001. Only the community property of the parties is subject to division. Jacobs

v. Jacobs, 687 S.W.2d 731, 733 (Tex. 1985). To determine whether the trial court

erred in characterizing property, a reviewing court applies an abuse of discretion

standard.5 Barras v. Barras, 396 S.W.3d 154, 164 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th

Dist.] 2013, pet. denied). Under an abuse of discretion standard, the legal and

        5
         Tolpo cites Cameron v. Cameron, 641 S.W.2d 210, 220 (Tex. 1982), to argue that
this Court conducts a de novo review of the characterization of marital assets. Appellant’s Brief
at 16. Cameron, decided before the Legislature enacted TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.001, involved
characterization and division of personal property assets acquired in both community property
and common law property states. Nowhere in Cameron does the Court state that review of
characterization is de novo. The correct standard of review is abuse of discretion.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                   Page 17 of 41
factual sufficiency of the evidence are not independent grounds of error, but rel-

evant factors for determining whether the trial court abused its discretion. Mo-

roch v. Collins, 174 S.W.3d 849, 857 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, pet. denied). To

determine whether the trial court abused its discretion the reviewing court con-

siders whether the trial court (1) had sufficient evidence on which to exercise its

discretion and (2) erred in its exercise of that discretion. In re A.B.P., 291 S.W.3d
91, 95 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.). Based on the elicited evidence the

appellate court determines whether the trial court made a reasonable decision. Id.

An abuse of discretion generally does not occur if some evidence of a substantive

and probative character exists to support the trial court's decision. Id. If an abuse

of discretion is shown, a reviewing court considers whether the error was harm-

less. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1(a).

         It is presumed that property possessed by spouses on the dissolution of

marriage is community property. TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.003(a). But the presump-

tion is overcome by clear and convincing evidence that the asset is the separate

property of a spouse. Id. at § 3.003(b). Property a spouse owns before marriage

is separate property. TEX. CONST. art. XVI, § 15; TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.001(2).

The separate or community character of property is determined by tracing the

inception of title to the property. Jensen v. Jensen, 665 S.W.2d 107, 109 (Tex.

1984).

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                        Page 18 of 41
        “The spouse claiming the separate nature of certain property must trace

and clearly identify the property claimed to be separate.” Barras, 396 S.W.3d at

163 (citing Graves v. Tomlinson, 329 S.W.3d 128, 139 (Tex. App.—Houston

[14th Dist.] 2010, pet. denied)). A spouse claiming separate property must prove

its case through clear and convincing evidence. Stavinoha v. Stavinoha, 126
S.W.3d 604, 607 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, no pet.). When re-

viewing the sufficiency of a separate property finding, a reviewing court is

        instructed to look at all the evidence in the light most favorable to
        the finding to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could
        have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true.
        Looking at the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding
        means that [the reviewing court] must (1) assume that the fact
        finder resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding if a reasonable
        fact finder could do so, and (2) disregard all contrary evidence that
        a reasonable fact finder could have disbelieved or found to have
        been incredible. However, [the reviewing court is] not required to
        disregard undisputed facts that do not support the finding, because
        that might skew a clear and convincing analysis. If [the reviewing
        court] determine[s] that no reasonable fact finder could form a firm
        belief or conviction of the truth of the matter to be proved, [the re-
        viewing court] must conclude that the evidence is legally insuffi-
        cient.

Id. at 607 (citing In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266 (Tex. 2002)). “As a general

rule, the clear and convincing standard is not satisfied by testimony that property

possessed at the time the marriage is dissolved is separate property when such

testimony is contradicted or unsupported by documentary evidence tracing the

asserted separate nature of the property.” Barras, 396 S.W.3d at 164.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                        Page 19 of 41
        Issue (2)(a): Was there clear and convincing evidence of
        Denny’s separate property ownership by inception of title?
        Yes. This is undisputed. Denny purchased her condo 12 years before her

marriage to Tolpo. [2 RR Pet.’s Ex. 8]. Denny paid cash for her condo. [2 RR

26:2–7]. Tolpo does not dispute this and the deed was admitted without objec-

tion. [2 RR 26:16–19]. Denny paid all the expenses on her condo during the mar-

riage. [2 RR 32:24–33:10 & 2 RR Pet. Ex. 6]. The trial court therefore did not

err in finding that Denny presented clear and convincing evidence tracing the

inception of title of the condo to rebut the presumption that it was community

property. Moroch, 174 S.W.3d at 856 (citing McKinley v. McKinley, 496 S.W.2d
540, 543 (Tex. 1973)).

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                   Page 20 of 41
        Issue (2)(b): Did Tolpo plead, present, and prove by clear and
        convincing evidence that Denny delivered a gift of the condo?
        No. Tolpo did not plead the condo was his separate property by gift, and

regardless, he did not present clear and convincing evidence establishing Denny

made a gift of the condo. Tolpo failed to prove his case. This Court should affirm.

(a) Applicable law on gifts and separate property.
        Property a spouse acquired during marriage by gift is separate property.

TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.001(2). A deed for property from one spouse as grantor to

the other spouse as grantee creates a rebuttable presumption that the grantee

spouse received the property as separate property by gift. Magness v. Magness,

241 S.W.3d 910, 913 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied). A gift is a transfer

of property made voluntarily and gratuitously, without consideration. Id. The ex-

istence of a gift requires sufficient proof of: (1) intent to make a gift; (2) delivery

of the property; and (3) acceptance of the property. Hayes v. Rinehart, 65 S.W.3d
286, 289 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2001, no pet.).

        The intent of the donor is the principal issue in determining whether a gift

was made. Id. at 289. The spouse opposing gift may rebut the presumption of a

gift by offering evidence of fraud, accident, or mistake in the conveyance. Mag-

ness, 241 S.W.3d at 912–13. The opposing spouse may also rebut the presump-

tion through parole evidence that the deed was not intended as a gift when the
No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                          Page 21 of 41
deed contains no specific recitals to that effect. Bahr v. Kohr, 980 S.W.2d 723,

726–27 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998, no pet.); accord Galvan v. Galvan, 534
S.W.2d 398, 400 (Tex. Civ. App.—Austin, 1976, writ dism’d) (citing Hampshire

v. Hampshire, 485 S.W.2d 314 (Tex. Civ. App.—Fort Worth 1972, no writ)) and

Reaves v. Reaves, No. 11-11-00026-CV, 2012 WL 3799668, at *6–7 (Tex.

App.—Eastland Aug. 31, 2012, no pet.) (mem. op.).

        ‘Whether property given by one spouse to the other is a gift and the
        recipient's separate property is a fact-intensive decision.’ A trial
        court, sitting as trier of fact, is the sole judge of the credibility of
        the witnesses and the weight assigned their testimony. As such, the
        trial court may consider all the facts and surrounding circumstances
        in connection with the testimony of each witness and accept or re-
        ject all or any part of that testimony.

In re Skarda, 345 S.W.3d 665, 671–72 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2011, no pet.) (ci-

tations omitted).

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                          Page 22 of 41
(b) Denny’s testimony does not prove the contents of the deed.
        Tolpo misplaces his reliance on Mecaskey v. Mills, 8 S.W.2d 688, 690

(Tex. Civ. App—Fort Worth 1928, writ dism’d), and TEX. R. EVID. 1007. Mecas-

key holds that an exception to the best evidence rule exists when a party makes

an admission of the contents of a document. Mecaskey, 8 S.W.2d at 690. Rule of

Evidence 1007 essentially codified this common-law principle and states, “The

proponent may prove the content of a writing, recording, or photograph by the

testimony, deposition, or written statement of the party against whom the evi-

dence is offered. The proponent need not account for the original.” TEX. R. EVID.

1007.6 The rule therefore requires the testimony of the contents to come from the

opposing party. But the record reflects that Denny never testified about the con-

tents of the deed, and the admissible portions of her testimony do not support

Tolpo’s claim.

        6
          Rule 1007, an exception to TEX. R. EVID. 1002, is identical to its federal counterpart,
but Denny can locate scant case law on the rule at either level. One federal case indicates that
Rule 1004 provides a gate-keeping function by first requiring certain conditions to be met be-
fore authorizing secondary evidence to prove the contents of a writing. See Wiesner v. FBI,
668 F. Supp. 2d 157, 159–60 (D.D.C. 2009) (suggesting that documents must be unavailable
under FED. R. EVID. 1004 before contents admissible under Rule 1007). If Rule 1004 is indeed
a prerequisite to Rule 1007, Tolpo fails to meet that burden. See TEX. R. EVID. 1004 (stating
original not required if is it (1) lost or destroyed; (2) cannot be obtained by judicial process; (3)
is not located in Texas; (4) in the control of the other party; or (5) not closely related to the
controlling issue). The document at issue does not meet any of those requirements. But even if
Rule 1004 is not applicable, Tolpo’s argument still fails based on the plain language of Rule
1007.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                      Page 23 of 41
        Denny testified that she did not intend to convey Tolpo an interest but she

put him on a deed “so that if [she] died, he’d have a place to live.” [2 RR 38:21–

22]. She testified to her signature on a deed, but it was never admitted into evi-

dence. [2 RR 44:13–14]. Afterward, the trial court excluded the deed and future

testimony regarding it. [2 RR 49:9–13]. Denny therefore never testified about

the contents of the deed. Specifically, Denny never testified about the interest

transferred, whether it was transferred as a gift, whether it was transferred to the

community estate or to Tolpo’s separate estate, or any other contents of the doc-

ument. Additionally, the trial court specifically did not review the contents of the

deed before Tolpo offered it into evidence. [2 RR 44:6–7 (“Court: Here. You can

take this one because I shouldn't have it.”)].

        After the trial court’s evidentiary ruling on the admissibility of the deed,

Tolpo testified about his belief in a one-half ownership due to an oral agreement.

[2 RR 93:3–6]. But this self-serving testimony does not satisfy Rule 1007 or

Mecaskey. See also Barras, 396 S.W.3d at 164 (“As a general rule, the clear and

convincing standard is not satisfied by testimony that property possessed at the

time the marriage is dissolved is separate property when such testimony is con-

tradicted or unsupported by documentary evidence tracing the asserted separate

nature of the property.”). Under the plain language of Rule 1007 the contents of

the document were not testified to by “the party against whom the evidence is

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                       Page 24 of 41
offered.” TEX. R. EVID. 1007. Mecaskey likewise does not provide relief. More-

over, Tolpo’s attorney affirmed in a letter that the condo was Denny’s. [2 RR Pl.

Ex. 9]. Tolpo’s reliance is therefore misplaced, and this Court should affirm.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                     Page 25 of 41
(c) Tolpo did not plead and present clear and convincing evidence of a gift.
        “A party asserting separate property has the burden of rebutting the com-

munity property presumption by clear and convincing evidence.” Bahr, 980
S.W.2d at 726–27. To prove his case of separate property by gift Tolpo had to

present clear and convincing evidence that (1) Denny intended to make a gift of

an interest in the condo; (2) Denny delivered the interest in the condo to Tolpo;

and (3) Tolpo accepted the interest in the condo. Magness, 241 S.W.3d at 913. If

the deed was in evidence, then Tolpo would be entitled to a rebuttable presump-

tion that the deed created a gift. Id.. Since the trial court excluded the document,

Tolpo is not entitled to that presumption. Tolpo failed to produce clear and con-

vincing evidence of any of the elements of gift, and this Court should affirm.

        Tolpo could not establish donative intent because Denny’s testimony is

unequivocal: She did not intend to convey an ownership interest in her condo to

Tolpo, certainly did not intend a gift, and intended to retain the entire condo for

herself. [2 RR 38:16–39:4, 52:4–7]. Furthermore, Denny’s testimony that she

paid all the expenses on the condo during the marriage from her separate property

is evidence that refutes both donative intent and intent to deliver an interest.

[2 RR 32:24–33:10 & 2 RR Pet. Ex. 6]. Lastly, Tolpo’s own admissions that he

forgot about any interest in the condo and his attorney’s admissions that the

condo was Denny’s neutralizes any proof in the record that Tolpo accepted any

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                       Page 26 of 41
conveyance of an interest. [2 RR 84:8–11; 2 RR Pet. Ex. 9]. The intent of the

donor is the principal issue in determining whether a gift was made. Hayes, 65
S.W.3d at 289. Because of the foregoing evidence the trial court did not abuse

its discretion in concluding no gift existed and the condo was Denny’s separate

property.

        But even if the trial court admitted the deed into evidence it was still within

its discretion to award Denny her condo as her separate property. When a “deed

does not expressly recite the character and use of the property . . . the parol evi-

dence rule does not prevent introduction of evidence to rebut the presumptions

of community property and gift.” Bahr, 980 S.W.2d at 727. In a bench trial the

court is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight assigned

their testimony. In re Skarda, 345 S.W.3d at 671–72. The trial court’s acceptance

of Denny’s testimony and rejection of Tolpo’s testimony holds up to rebut the

presumption of a gift.

        Tolpo did not meet his burden of clear and convincing evidence of a gift.

This Court should therefore affirm.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                          Page 27 of 41
Issue (3) Restated: Does the trial court’s failure to file findings of fact and
conclusions of law create harmful error?
        No. Tolpo failed to timely file notice of past-due findings and thus waived

error. Even if he did, Tolpo did not suffer harmful error because the record shows

he was he was not prevented from arguing his appeal. In the alternative, if there

is harmful error, the appropriate remedy is to abate this appeal with instructions

for the trial court to file findings and supplement the record.

        (A) Tolpo did not preserve error by timely filing notice of
        past-due findings after the trial court modified the judgment.
        Tolpo timely requested findings of fact and conclusions of law and timely

filed a notice of past due findings from the original judgment. But the trial court

modified the judgment, restarting the timetables. Tolpo thus failed to timely file

notice of past-due findings and has waived error.

        A motion to modify the judgment delays the date the judgment becomes

final. TEX. R. CIV. P. 329b(g); see Lane Bank Equip. Co. v. Smith S. Equip., Inc.,

10 S.W.3d 308, 312–13 (Tex. 2000). Any modification of the judgment made

while the trial court retains plenary power restarts the appellate timetables. TEX.

R. CIV. P. 329b(h); see Lane Bank Equip. Co., 10 S.W.3d at 312–13.

        A party must request findings of fact and conclusions of law within 20

days of the judgment. TEX. R. CIV. P. 296. If the court does not file them, the

party must file a notice of past due findings. TEX. R. CIV. P. 297. Failure to file a
No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                        Page 28 of 41
notice of past due findings waives appellate complaint. Sonnier v. Sonnier, 331,

S.W.3d 211, 214 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2011, no pet.). In that situation the

court of appeals presumes all findings necessary to support the judgment. Id.

        Denny filed a motion to modify, correct, or reform the judgment, [CR 79],

which the trial court granted. The trial court signed the modified judgment on

July 17, 2015. [CR 131]7. Because Tolpo filed his request for findings of fact

prematurely to the modified judgment, they are deemed filed on the day of the

modified judgment. TEX. R. CIV. P. 306c. But Tolpo failed to re-file his notice of

past due findings by August 16, 2015, thirty days after the filing of his request.

TEX. R. CIV. P. 297. It would make no sense to rule that the previously-filed no-

tice of past due findings was timely based on Rule 306c because the findings

were not past-due on July 17. Tolpo has therefore waived his appellate com-

plaint, and this Court should presume all findings necessary to support the judg-

ment. Sonnier, 331, S.W.3d at 214.

        7
          Denny calculates the trial court’s original deadline to file the findings, 40 days from
the original request, as July 18, 2015.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                   Page 29 of 41
        (B) Tolpo was not harmed because he does not have to guess
        at the trial court’s reasoning.
        This is not a situation where a party is left to guess the trial court’s reason-

ing regarding multiple parties, claims, and issues. This two-party case presented

the trial court with one primary issue, and the trial court ruled in Denny’s favor.

        At the request of a party, the trial court must file findings of fact and con-

clusions of law concerning the characterization and value of the marital estate.

TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.711; TEX. R. CIV. P. 296, 298. An appellant is presumptively

harmed by the trial court’s failure to file sufficient findings unless the face of the

record reflects that the appellant was not harmed. White v. Harris-White, No. 01-

07-00521-CV (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 28, 2009) (citing Panchal

v. Panchal, 132 S.W.3d 465, 466–67 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2003, no pet.). “The

failure to make sufficient findings of fact becomes harmful error when the ap-

pellant is prevented from making an appeal.” Id. “The remedy for such a harmful

error is for the reviewing court to abate the appeal.” Id. “The controlling issue is

whether the circumstances of the particular case require the appellant to guess at

the reasons for the trial court's decision.” Id..

        Section 6.711 instructs the trial court to file findings of fact and conclu-

sions of law concerning “(1) the characterization of each party's assets, liabilities,

claims, and offsets on which disputed evidence has been presented; and (2) the

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                           Page 30 of 41
value or amount of the community estate's assets, liabilities, claims, and offsets

on which disputed evidence has been presented.” TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.711(a).

        In light of the Agreement Incident to Divorce, the parties presented dis-

puted evidence over one issue: Is Denny’s condo her separate property, or does

it hold another character? Denny’s case was plain—she bought her condo 12

years before the marriage. And the trial court agreed.

        Tolpo does not have to guess at the evidence or legal theories involved.

The trial court as fact finder weighed the credible evidence in Denny’s favor and

against Tolpo, applying the law that property purchased before marriage is sep-

arate property. The case distills to that. The circumstances of this case do not

require Tolpo to guess beyond this.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                      Page 31 of 41
        (C) If Tolpo was harmed, then this Court should abate the ap-
        peal and direct the trial court to remedy the error.
        If the Court concludes there is harmful error by the trial court’s failure to

file findings of fact and conclusions of law under TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.711, then

the correct remedy is for this Court to abate this appeal with instructions to the

trial court to file the required findings. White, No. 01-07-00521-CV (citing Pan-

chal v. Panchal, 132 S.W.3d 465, 467 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2003, no pet.).

        In the alternative to a resolution on the merits as argued above, if the Court

concludes that Tolpo correctly requested findings of fact and conclusion of law,

then Denny moves the Court to abate this appeal and instruct the trial court to

file findings of fact and conclusions of law compliant with TEX. FAM. CODE

§ 6.711. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.4 (authorizing court of appeals to direct trial court

to correct remediable error).

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                         Page 32 of 41
Issue (4) Restated: Was Denny entitled to her attorney’s fees, and were they
reasonable, necessary, and segregated?
        Yes. Denny’s attorney’s fees were authorized, supported by appropriate

evidence and expert testimony, and were segregated. The trial court did not abuse

its discretion in awarding them.

        (A) Applicable Law and Standard of Review
        A Texas trial court can generally award attorney’s fees only under a con-

tract or a statute. See Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P. v. Nat'l Dev. &

Research Corp., 299 S.W.3d 106, 120 (Tex. 2009). A trial court has discretion

to award reasonable attorney’s fees in a suit for dissolution of marriage. TEX.

FAM. CODE § 6.708(c). Attorney’s fees must be supported by some evidence,

usually expert testimony of the party’s attorney in addition to invoices, and fees

calculated under a lodestar method (reasonable hourly rate times reasonable

hours on the case) should usually be supported by specific evidence instead of

generalities. See Long v. Griffin, 442 S.W.3d 253, 254–56 (Tex. 2014) (per cu-

riam); City of Laredo v. Montano, 414 S.W.3d 731, 736–37 (Tex. 2013) (per

curiam); El Apple I, Ltd. v. Olivas, 370 S.W.3d 757, 763 (Tex. 2012). The court

of appeals reviews the award of attorney’s fees for an abuse of discretion. Diaz

v. Diaz, 350 S.W.3d 251, 256 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2011, pet. denied).

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                     Page 33 of 41
        (B) Denny is entitled to her attorney’s fees
        Tolpo’s argument that the Agreement Incident to Divorce precludes

Denny’s attorney’s fees is incorrect. First, Tolpo failed to raise the argument in

the trial court and thus waived it. Second, reading the Agreement as a whole

shows that the parties did not intend to limit any claims related to Denny’s condo,

including claims for attorney’s fees.

        Tolpo appears to argue that the Agreement precludes attorney’s fees under

the Texas Family Code. Tolpo failed to preserve error that Denny was not enti-

tled to attorney’s fees under the Agreement when he failed to timely complain to

the trial court. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. Indeed, Tolpo failed to ask Denny’s attorney

a single question on cross examination, [2 RR 78:20–21], or raise the issue in his

closing arguments. [2 RR 101:21–103:19]. But even if he had not waived the

error, the Agreement does not support Tolpo’s arguments.

        The Agreement is a contract between Tolpo and Denny because it was

approved by the trial court at both parties’ request and incorporated into the final

divorce decree. TEX. FAM. CODE § 7.006; see Byrnes v. Byrnes, 19 S.W.3d 556,

559–60 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000, no pet.) (citing Traylor v. Traylor, 789
S.W.2d 701 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1990, no writ.) (stating circumstances an

agreed incident to divorce becomes an enforceable contract). In construing a

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                       Page 34 of 41
written contract, the primary concern of the court is to ascertain the true inten-

tions of the parties as expressed in the instrument. Coker v. Coker, 650 S.W.2d
391, 393 (Tex. 1983). To achieve this objective, courts should examine and con-

sider the entire writing in an effort to harmonize and give effect to all the provi-

sions of the contract so that none will be rendered meaningless. Id. No single

provision taken alone will be given controlling effect; rather, all the provisions

must be considered with reference to the whole instrument. Id.

        Paragraph 3.14 of the Agreement entitles a party enforcing the Agreement

to attorney’s fees, but the clause “does not apply to any litigation over the West-

gate condominium.” [2 RR Pet. Ex. 2]. The Agreement further expressly pro-

vides that the parties “may assert any claim, liability, debt obligation, action or

causes of action of any kind” regarding Denny’s condo. [2 RR Pet. Ex. 2, ¶ 3.17].

The Agreement released all claims except for those related to Denny’s condo. [2

RR Pet. Ex. 2, ¶ 3.2]. The Agreement as a whole shows that the parties intended

to reserve the parties’ right to assert any claim regarding Denny’s condo, includ-

ing a claim for attorney’s fees. Coker, 650 S.W.2d at 393. Tolpo’s argument that

the parties intended to exclude only the attorney’s fees regarding Denny’s condo

simply does not follow from the language of the rest of the Agreement.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                       Page 35 of 41
         (C) Denny proved her attorney’s fees and segregated them.
         A trial court may award reasonable attorney’s fees in a suit for dissolution

of marriage. TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.708(c). Attorney’s fees should be supported by

evidence of the well-known, non-exhaustive factors from Arthur Andersen v.

Perry Equipment Corp., 945 S.W.2d 812, 818 (Tex. 1997). Attorney’s fees

should be segregated by claims, but a party need not segregate fees for insepara-

ble legal services. See A.G. Edwards & Sons v. Beyer, 235 S.W.3d 704, 710 (Tex.

2007).

         Denny pleaded for her attorney’s fees. [CR 24, ¶ 21]. Denny introduced

her invoices from the entire case. [2 RR Pet. Ex. 7]; El Apple I, Ltd., 370 S.W.3d

at 763. Her attorney testified at length about the time and labor required, his

hourly fee, and his knowledge, experience, and reputation, as well as covering

those factors for his paralegals and law partner. [2 RR 70:9–78:20]; Arthur An-

dersen, 945 S.W.2d at 818. Denny thus proved her entire legal expenses, which

she then segregated.

         Denny’s attorney testified that the fight over Denny’s condo began in late-

August and thus segregated out $6,000 from the total. [2 RR 78:15–19] (“And

so that would take $6,000 off of the total that I had testified to earlier from the

[$]23,871.31. And those, I believe, were fees that unfortunately were necessary,

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                        Page 36 of 41
due to the problems dealing with the Austin condominium.”). But even looking

at the invoices the trial court’s award is justified.

        Denny signed the Agreement Incident to Divorce at the end of January

2015. Taking the first invoices starting at January 29 through the trial date, April

28, 2015, shows a total billed charge of approximately $10,422. [See 2 RR Pet.

Ex. 7]. The trial court’s award of $7,500 for work through trial was thus not only

reasonable but also significantly discounted from the actual work performed.

        Finally, Tolpo has judicially admitted that Denny segregated her attor-

ney’s fees at trial. [CR 89 (Resp.’s Mot. for New Trial): “Even the attorney fees

to Petitioner's attorney related to the title and ownership of the condominium and

not the settlement of the vast majority of the parties' assets.”]; see e.g. Chilton

Ins. Co. v. Pate & Pate Enterprises, Inc., 930 S.W.2d 877, 884 (Tex. App.—San

Antonio, 1996) (citing Houston First Am. Sav. v. Musick, 650 S.W.2d 764, 767

(Tex.1983)) (“A judicial admission occurs when an assertion of fact is conclu-

sively established in live pleadings, making the introduction of other pleadings

or evidence unnecessary.”). This Court could affirm on that basis alone. But even

if this were not a judicial admission, Denny still proved her case as shown above.

        Tolpo also misstates that the appellate fees are mandatory. Although

Denny moved the trial court for post-judgment attorney’s fees on appeal to pre-

serve the property and the status quo, see TEX. FAM. CODE § 6.709, the trial court

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                       Page 37 of 41
denied that motion. [3 RR 41:19–43:7]8. Instead, the trial court reformed the

judgment, which specifies the appellate fees are conditioned on an unsuccessful

appeal. [CR 140–41, ¶ 29–30 (“In the event an appeal by NORMAN CLAR-

ENCE TOLPO to the Court of Appeals is made but is unsuccessful”)]. Denny’s

attorney testified about his expected appellate fees. [3 RR 31:17–32:22]. An

award of appellate fees must be conditional on an unsuccessful appeal. See

Hoefker v. Elgohary, 248 S.W.3d 326, 332 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]

2007, no pet.).

        The trial court therefore did not abuse its discretion in awarding Denny

her attorney’s fees, either for trial or conditional fees on appeal, and this Court

should affirm.

        8
         The record does not contain a written order denying Denny’s post-judgment motion
for support.

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                            Page 38 of 41
                                     Conclusion and Prayer
        Tolpo did not preserve error on many of his appellate points, and even if

he did, the trial court did not abuse its discretion on any of them.

        In consideration of the foregoing, this Court should conclude that the trial

court committed no reversible error and therefore affirm the trial court’s final

judgment in all things.

                                              Respectfully submitted,

                                              /s/ Adam T. Whitten

 Curtis M. Loveless                          Adam T. Whitten
 Texas Bar No. 12607000                      Texas Bar No. 24077199
 curtis@cmloveless.com                       adam@whittenlawfirm.com
 Darcy E. Loveless                           Michael J. Whitten & Associates, P.C.
 Texas Bar No. 24013062                      218 N. Elm St.
 darcy@cmloveless.com                        Denton, TX 76201
 Loveless & Loveless, L.P.                   (940) 383-1618 Ofc.
 218 N. Elm St.                              (940) 898-0196 Fax
 Denton, Texas 76201
 (940) 387-3776 Ofc.
 (940) 898-0196 Fax

                                              Attorneys for Appellee
                                              Mary Craver Denny

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                        Page 39 of 41
                                 Certificate of Compliance
       According to Rule 9.4(i)(3) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, I
certify that this document contains 8,149 words as measured by my computer’s
word processor (Microsoft Word 2013, Windows 7 Professional), including
headings, footnotes, and quotations, but not including the caption, identity of
parties and counsel, statement regarding oral argument, table of contents, index
of authorities, statement of the case, statement of issues presented, statement of
jurisdiction, statement of procedural history, signature, proof of service, certifi-
cation, certificate of compliance, and appendix.

                                                   /s/ Adam T. Whitten
                                                   Adam T. Whitten

                                     Certificate of Service
     I certify that on December 17, 2015 I sent a true and correct copy of this
document to the following:
 Via E-Filing and Regular Mail:                         Via E-Filing and Regular Mail
 Frank A. Adams                                         Bruce W. Cobb
 frankaadamspc@yahoo.com                                bwcobb54@gmail.com
 Law Office of Adams & Adams                            Conley & Schexnaider
 3280 Delaware Street                                   3280 Delaware
 Post Office Drawer 7869                                Beaumont, Texas 77703
 Beaumont, Texas 77726-7869                             (409) 899-3360 Ofc.
 (409) 899-1900 Ofc.                                    (409) 899-3372 Fax
 (409) 892-3903 Fax

                                               /s/ Adam T. Whitten
                                               Adam T. Whitten

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                         Page 40 of 41
                                           Appendix
(3)     Order Modifying Final Decree of Divorce (CR 131–143) .......... Tab 1
(4)     Denton County Local Rule 2.13 .................................................... Tab 2

No. 02-15-00231-CV
Tolpo v. Denny
Appellee Mary Craver Denny’s Brief                                                     Page 41 of 41
.   .

                                                                                  FILED
                                                                     :>ENTON CO\!~H Y. TE Xh S
                                        CAUSE NO. 14-03723-362
                                                                       2015 JUl I1 Pt112: 15
        IN THE MATTER OF                            §
                                                                           s•:~r;; i
                                                                                   i,G:LSTEIN
        THE MARRIAGE OF                             §                        DiS HUCT CLERK
                                                    §                   BV   s ~    DEPUTY
        MARY CRAVER DENNY                           §                 IN THE DISTRICT COURT
        AND                                         §                DENTON COUNTY, TEXAS
        NORMANCLARENCETOLPO                         §                ~.JUDICIAL DISTRICT
                                                                     41./~;v;,f
                         ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE

               On April 28, 2015, the Court heard this case. On July 10, 2015, the Court heard

        Respondent's Motion for New Trial, Petitioner's Motion for Temporary Orders Pending

        Appeal, and Petitioner's Motion to Modify, Correct, or Reform Judgment Under Texas

        Rule of Civil Procedure 329b.

        Appearances

        1.     On April 28, 2015, Petitioner, MARY CRAVER DENNY, appeared in person and

        through attorney of record, Curtis M. Loveless.    On July 10, 2015 Petitioner, MARY

        CRAVER DENNY, appeared by and through attorney of record, Curtis M. Loveless, and

        announced ready.

        2.    On April 28, 2015, Respondent, NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO, appeared in

        person and through attorney of record, Frank A. Adams.                On July 10, 2015,

        Respondent, NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO, appeared by and through attorney of

        record, Frank A. Adams, and announced ready.

        Record

        3.    The record of testimony was duly reported by Nikki Garcia, the court reporter for

        the 442nd Judicial District Court of Denton County, Texas.

                                                                                          Apx. 1

        ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 1

                                                                                                   131
Jurisdiction and Domicile

4.     The Court finds that the pleadings of Petitioner are in due form and contain all

the allegations, information, and prerequisites required by law. The Court, after

receiving evidence, finds that it has jurisdiction of this case and of all the parties and

that at least sixty days have elapsed since the date the suit was filed.

Jury

5.     A jury was waived, and questions of fact and of law were submitted to the Court.

Divorce

6.     IT IS ORDERED AND DECREED that MARY CRAVER DENNY, Petitioner, and

NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO, Respondent, are divorced and that the marriage

between them is dissolved.

Child of the Marriage

7.     The Court finds that there is no child of the marriage of Petitioner and

Respondent and that none is expected.

Agreement Incident to Divorce

8.     The Court finds that the parties have entered into an Agreement Incident to

Divorce, in a document separate from this Final Decree of Divorce. The Court approves

the agreement and incorporates it by reference as part of this decree as if it were

recited herein verbatim and orders the parties to do all things necessary to effectuate

the agreement. The parties have requested that the Agreement Incident to Divorce not

be filed with the Court. In accordance with that agreement, a copy of the agreement is

not filed with the records of this Court and IT IS SO ORDERED.

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 2

                                                                                             132
Property Not Disposed of by the Agreement Incident to Divorce

9.    The Court finds that the Agreement Incident to Divorce confirmed each party's

separate property and divided any community or mixed character property in

accordance with that Agreement Incident to Divorce except for any claim, liability, debt,

obligation, or causes of action of any kind relating to or arising from the ownership and

liabilities of the Westgate Condominium, described below.

      A.     Being a unit located in THE WESTGATE COMDOMINIUMS, a
             condominium project established according to the Condominium
             Declaration recorded in Book 8, Page 392, Condominium Records,
             Travis County, Texas, and in Volume 8224, Page 374, Volume
             8590, Page 12, Volume 8590, Page 21, Volume 8944, page 399,
             Volume 9092, Page 518, Volume 10300, Page 953, Volume 10488,
             Page 721, Volume 11196, Page 355, Volume 11293, page 98,
             Volume 11754, Page 65 and in Volume 11762, Page 27 4, Real
             Property Records, Travis County, Texas, and being Unit, 1301,
             Building A, together with an undivided .41686 percentage interest in
             the general common elements of such condominium project
             appurtenant to such unit as set forth in the Condominium
             Declaration.

10.   The Court finds that the Westgate Condominium described herein should be and

is hereby confirmed as the separate property of MARY CRAVER DENNY, Petitioner. It

is therefore ORDERED AND DECREED that the following described property is

confirmed as the separate property of MARY CRAVER DENNY, Petitioner:

      A.     Being a unit located in THE WESTGATE COMDOMINIUMS, a
             condominium project established according to the Condominium
             Declaration recorded in Book 8, Page 392, Condominium Records,
             Travis County, Texas, and in Volume 8224, Page 374, Volume
             8590, Page 12, Volume 8590, Page 21, Volume 8944, page 399,
             Volume 9092, Page 518, Volume 10300, Page 953, Volume 10488,
             Page 721, Volume 11196, Page 355, Volume 11293, page 98,
             Volume 11754, Page 65 and in Volume 11762, Page 27 4, Real
             Property Records, Travis County, Texas, and being Unit, 1301,
             Building A, together with an undivided .41686 percentage interest in
             the general common elements of such condominium project

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 3

                                                                                            133
             appurtenant to such unit as set forth in the Condominium
             Declaration.

Income Taxes-- For Prior Years

11.   The parties contractually agree that NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO and MARY

CRAVER DENNY shall be equally responsible for all federal income tax liabilities of the

parties from the date of marriage through December 31, 2013, and each party shall

timely pay 50 percent of any deficiencies, assessments, penalties, or interest due

thereon and shall indemnify and hold the other party and his or her property harmless

from 50 percent of such liabilities unless such additional tax, penalty, and/or interest

resulted from a party's omission of taxable income or claim of erroneous deductions. In

such case, the portion of the tax, penalty, and/or interest relating to the omitted income

or claims of erroneous deductions shall be paid by the party who earned the omitted

income or proffered the claim for an erroneous deduction. The parties agree that

nothing contained herein shall be construed as or is intended as a waiver of any rights

that a party has under the "Innocent Spouse" provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.

12.   The parties contractually agree that if a refund is made for overpayment of taxes

for any year during the parties' marriage through December 31 of 2013, each party shall

be entitled to one-half of the refund, and the party receiving the refund check is

designated a constructive trustee for the benefit of the other party, to the extent of

one-half of the total amount of the refund, and shall pay to the other party one-half of

the total amount of the refund check within five days of receipt of the refund check.

Each party agrees to endorse a refund check on presentation by the other party.

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 4

                                                                                             134
13.     The parties contractually agree that, for the calendar year 2014 and 2015 each

party shall file an individual income tax return in accordance with the Internal Revenue

Code.

Income Taxes-- Calendar Years 2014 and 2015

Partition and Exchange Agreement

14.     Petitioner, MARY CRAVER DENNY and Respondent NORMAN CLARENCE

TOLPO intend to and do hereby partition and exchange all income and earnings from

their respective property, wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation received on

or after January 1, 2014, as each party's separate property, effective January 1, 2014.

15.     In recognition of the partition and exchange of income between the parties as set

forth herein and to effect the division of tax liability for income received in 2014 and

2015 as set forth herein, the parties contractually agree that this agreement shall serve

as a partition of income, setting aside to MARY CRAVER DENNY as her separate

property (1) all earned income including wages, salaries, or professional fees, and other

amounts received as compensation for personal services actually rendered by MARY

CRAVER DENNY; (2) trade or business income, and a partner's distributive share of

partnership income; (3) income which is derived from the property awarded or

confirmed to MARY CRAVER DENNY by this agreement; (4) any other income and

earnings, wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation received by MARY

CRAVER DENNY on or after January 1, 2014; (5) all deductible expenditures paid by

MARY CRAVER DENNY; (6) deductible expenditures, depreciation, and losses

attributable to property awarded or confirmed to MARY CRAVER DENNY by this

agreement; (7) all income tax withheld from MARY CRAVER DENNY's earned income;

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 5

                                                                                            135
(8) all prepayments personally paid by MARY CRAVER DENNY for the tax year 2014

and 2015; and (9) non-payment credits attributable to MARY CRAVER DENNY's

earnings awarded or confirmed to MARY CRAVER DENNY by this agreement; which

were earned, received, generated or accrued between and including January 1, 2014,

and the date of this agreement; and setting aside to NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO as

his separate property (1) all earned income including wages, salaries, management

fees, fees for contract labor, consulting fees, or professional fees, and other amounts

received as compensation for personal services actually rendered by NORMAN

CLARENCE TOLPO; (2) trade or business income, and a partner's distributive share of

partnership income; (3) income which is derived from the property awarded or

confirmed to NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO by this agreement; (4) any other income

and earnings, wages, salaries and other forms of compensation received by NORMAN

CLARENCE TOLPO on or after January 1, 2014; (5) all deductible expenditures paid by

NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO; (6) deductible expenditures, depreciation, and losses

attributable to property awarded or confirmed to NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO by this

agreement; (7) all income tax withheld from NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO's earned

income; (8) all prepayments personally paid by NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO for tax

year 2014 and 2015; and (9) non-payment credits attributable to his earnings or

property awarded or confirmed to NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO by this agreement;

which were earned, generated or accrued between and including January 1, 2014, and

the date of this agreement.

16.   This partition is made under the provisions of TEX. CONST. Art. XVI, Section 15,

as amended November 2, 1999, which provides that:

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 6

                                                                                          136
      A.     "Spouses ... may by written instrument from time to time partition
             between themselves all or any part of their property then existing or
             to be acquired or exchanged between themselves the community
             interest of one spouse ... in any property for the community interest
             of the other spouse ... in other community property then existing or
             to be acquired, whereupon the portion or interest set aside to each
             spouse ... shall be and constitute a part of the separate property and
             estate of such spouse" and in accordance with TEX. FAMILY
             CODE, Subsections 4.102 (as amended, effective September 1,
             2005), 4.103, 4.104, 4.105, and 4.106 (as amended, effective
             September 1, 1997) and Section 7.002(c)(1), effective September
             1, 2003.

17.   The parties agree and IT IS ORDERED AND DECREED that, for the

purposes of determining income tax liability, any property awarded to a party in

this decree shall be deemed to have been partitioned to that party and have been

that party's separate property as of January 1, 2014, and thereafter. The parties

further agree and IT IS ORDERED AND DECREED that any tax payments and

any payments that are tax deductible are assigned to the party who made those

payments.

18.   IT IS ORDERED AND DECREED that for the tax years 2014 and 2015,

each party shall file an individual income tax return in accordance with the

Internal Revenue Code.

19.   IT IS ORDERED AND DECREED that MARY CRAVER DENNY shall

report 100 percent of her income, withholdings, prepayments, and deductions

and   none   of   NORMAN       CLARENCE       TOLPO's     income,    withholdings,

prepayments, and deductions.      MARY CRAVER DENNY shall be entitled to

receive 100 percent of any refund for which she might be entitled on her federal

income tax returns for 2014 and 2015. MARY CRAVER DENNY shall pay 100

percent of any liability shown on her 2014 and 2015 income tax returns.

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 7

                                                                                      137
20.    IT IS ORDERED AND DECREED that NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO

shall report 100 percent of his income, with holdings, prepayments, and

deductions and none of MARY CRAVER DENNY's income, withholdings,

prepayments, and deductions. NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO shall be entitled

to receive 100 percent of any refund for which he might be entitled on his federal

income tax returns for 2014 and 2015. NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO shall pay

100 percent of any liability shown on his 2014 and 2015 income tax returns.

Transfer and Delivery of Property

21.    This decree shall serve as a muniment of title to transfer ownership of all

property awarded to any party in this Final Decree of Divorce.

22.    IT IS ORDERED that if any document is necessary to effectuate the

transfer of property allocated in the parties' Agreement Incident to Divorce,

NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO is ORDERED to execute and deliver to MARY

CRAVER DENNY, at her last known address, any such document presented to

him by MARY CRAVER DENNY, within thirty days of its presentation to him.

23.    MARY CRAVER DENNY is ORDERED to execute and deliver to

NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO, at his last known address, any such document

presented to her by NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO, within thirty days of its

presentation to her.

24.    In order to effectuate the award of property as shown in the Agreement

Incident to Divorce signed by the parties, IT IS ORDERED that the optional

service retirement annuity selection of MARY CRAVER DENNY in her retirement

with the Employee Retirement System of Texas is ORDERED changed to a

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 8

                                                                                     138
standard service retirement annuity. MARY CRAVER DENNY is authorized to

complete any forms promulgated by the Employee Retirement System of Texas

to effectuate this change and to change her beneficiary designation, AND IT IS

SO ORDERED.

Exclusive Use of Property Pending Appeal

25.   The Court finds that MARY CRAVER DENNY shall have the exclusive and

private use and possession of the Austin condominium located at 1122 Colorado

Street, Unit 1301, Austin, Texas 78701, until final judgment in this case, AND IT

IS SO ORDERED.

Payment for Repairs to the Austin Condominium

26.   The Court finds that NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO shall pay the sum of

$4,536.32 to MARY CRAVER DENNY for repairs made to the Austin

Condominium. Judgment is hereby granted in favor of MARY CRAVER DENNY

against NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO in the amount of $4,536.32, AND IT IS

SO ORDERED. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the judgment for repairs shall

bear interest at the rate of five percent per annum from July 13, 2015 until paid.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO pay to MARY

CRAVER DENNY care of Loveless & Loveless, Attorneys at Law, 218 N. Elm St.,

Denton, Texas 76201, the sum of $4,536.32 plus any accrued interest on or

before August 10, 2015.

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 9

                                                                                     139
Attorney's Fees

27.   As part of the claims and causes of action relating to the ownership of the

Westgate Condominium described elsewhere herein, the Court finds that a judgment

should be granted to Curtis M. Loveless and Loveless & Loveless, Attorneys at Law,

L.P., against NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO for a portion of the attorney's fees incurred

by MARY CRAVER DENNY in connection with presenting the issues relating to the

Westgate Condominium.       The Court further finds the amount of that judgment for

attorney's fees through the trial of this case should be in the amount of $7,500.00.

28.   Judgment is hereby granted in favor of Curtis M. Loveless and Loveless &

Loveless, Attorneys at Law L.P. in the amount of $7,500.00 for a portion of the

attorney's fees, expenses, and costs incurred by MARY CRAVER DENNY, with post-

judgment interest at five percent per annum from May 26, 2015 until paid. The

judgment, for which let execution issue, is awarded against NORMAN CLARENCE

TOLPO.    Curtis M. Loveless and Loveless & Loveless Attorneys at Law, L.P. may

enforce this judgment, together with interest, in his own name by any means available

for the enforcement of a judgment for debt.

29.   In the event an appeal by NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO to the Court of Appeals

is made but is unsuccessful, the Court finds that a judgment should be granted in favor

of Curtis M. Loveless and Loveless & Loveless, Attorneys at Law L.P. in the amount of

$12,500.00, with post-judgment interest at five percent per annum until paid. The

judgment, for which let execution issue, is awarded against NORMAN CLARENCE

TOLPO.    Curtis M. Loveless and Loveless & Loveless Attorneys at Law, L.P. may

enforce this judgment, together with interest, in his own name by any means available

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 10

                                                                                          140
for the enforcement of a judgment for debt. The judgment for $12,500.00 shall be due

within 30 days following the judgment of the Court of Appeals affirming the trial court's

judgment.

30.   In the event of an unsuccessful appeal to the Supreme Court of Texas by

NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO, the Court finds that a judgment should be granted in

favor of Curtis M. Loveless and Loveless & Loveless, Attorneys at Law L.P. in the

amount of $10,000.00, with post-judgment interest at five percent per annum until paid.

The judgment, for which let execution issue, is awarded against NORMAN CLARENCE

TOLPO.      Curtis M. Loveless and Loveless & Loveless Attorneys at Law, L.P. may

enforce this judgment, together with interest, in his own name by any means available

for the enforcement of a judgment for debt. The judgment for $10,000.00 shall be due

within 30 days following the final judgment of the Supreme Court of Texas denying a

petition for review filed by NORMAN CLARENCE TOLPO.

Court Costs

31.   IT IS ORDERED AND DECREED that costs of court are to be borne by the party

who incurred them.

Indemnification

32.   Each party represents and warrants that he or she has not incurred any

outstanding debt, obligation, or other liability on which the other party is or may be

liable, other than those described in this Final Decree of Divorce and Agreement

Incident to Divorce. Each party agrees and IT IS ORDERED that if any claim, action, or

proceeding is hereafter initiated seeking to hold the party not assuming a debt, an

obligation, a liability, an act, or an omission of the other party liable for such debt,

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 11

                                                                                            141
obligation, liability, act, or omission of the other party, that other party will, at his or her

sole expense, defend the party not assuming the debt, obligation, liability, act, or

omission of the other party against any such claim or demand, whether or not well

founded, and will indemnify the party not assuming the debt, obligation, liability, act, or

omission of the other party and hold him or her harmless from all damages resulting

from the claim or demand.

33.    Damages, as used in this provision, includes any reasonable loss, cost, expense,

penalty, and other damage, including without limitation attorney's fees and other costs

and expenses reasonably and necessarily incurred in enforcing this indemnity.

34.    IT IS ORDERED that the indemnifying party will reimburse the indemnified party,

on demand, for any payment made by the indemnified party at any time after the entry

of the divorce decree to satisfy any judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction or in

accordance with a bona fide compromise or settlement of claims, demands, or actions

for any damages to which this indemnity relates.

35.    The parties agree and IT IS ORDERED that each party will give the other party

prompt written notice of any litigation threatened or instituted against either party that

might constitute the basis of a claim for indemnity under this decree.

Clarifying Orders

36.    Without affecting the finality of this Final Decree of Divorce, this Court expressly

reserves the right to make orders necessary to clarify and enforce this decree.

Relief Not Granted

37.    IT IS ORDERED AND DECREED that all relief requested in this case and not

expressly granted is denied. This is a final judgment, for which let execution and all writs

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 12

                                                                                                   142
and processes necessary to enforce this judgment issue. This judgment finally disposes

of all claims and all parties and is appealable.

Date of Judgment

       SIGNED    ON---~.,.~~':~~---1.___]....____ _ _ _ , 2015.

                                                   :z~ ~
                                           JUDGE rt¥DING

APPROVED AS TO FORM ONLY:

LOVELESS & LOVELESS
Attorneys at Law, L.P.
218 N. Elm Street
Denton, Texas 76201
Phone: (940) 387-3776
Fax: (940) 898-0196

Curtis M. Loveless
State Bar No. 12607000
Email: curtis@cmloveless.com
Darcy E. Loveless
State Bar No. 24013062
Email: darcy@cmloveless.com
Attorneys for Petitioner

Frank A. Adams
Law Offices of Adams & Adams
3280 Delaware Street
P.O. Drawer 7869
Beaumont, TX 77726-7869
Phone: (409) 899-1900
Fax: (409) 892-3903

Frank A. Adams
State Bar No. 00855700
Email: frankaadamspc@yahoo.com
Attorney for Respondent

ORDER MODIFYING FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE- Page 13

                                                                                         143
                UNIFORM RULES OF COURT FOR THE DISTRICT AND
             STATUTORY COUNTY COURTS OF DENTON COUNTY, TEXAS

                                            . Title I. General Rules

Rule 1.1:         Title, Scope, Authority and Application of Local                  Rule~

        1.1.1 These Rules are the Local Rules p feourt of Denton County. Texas. They shall
govern proceedings in the District and Statutory County Courts ofDeotan County, Texas, for the
purpose of securing uniformity and fairness in those proceedings and in order to promote justice.

         1.1.2 The term "Courts" shall refer to the District and Statutory County Courts of
Denton County, Texas. and/or any other coun who subsequently adopts these Rules as their
Local Rules.

        1. 1.3 These Rules are adopted by the trial judges of the District and Statutory County
Court s acting in concert pursuant to the inherent power of courts to control and guide the trial
and disposition of causes, and pursuant to the provisions of the Supreme Court's order of
September 13 , 1999, as amended, adopting Rules o f Judicial Administration and to the provisio n
of the Court Admin istration Act, Sec. 74.093, Government Code, as amended.

         1.1.4 These Rules are standing order of all District and Statutory County Courts of this
county, now existing or as may be created hereafter. Knowing or intentional violation of these
Rules may be punished by contempt or other sanction authorized by law or by rules of procedure
as the trial judge may deem appropriate.

        1. 1.5 For purposes of these Rules, juvenile cases originating under Title 3, Juvenile
Justice Code, of the Texas Family Code are ne ither criminal no r civil; however, for juveniles
incarcerated pending a contested adjudication. the case shall be given at least the priority
afforded an adult criminal case.                                                          .

Rule 1.2:         Repeal and Effective Date

         1.2. 1 All prior Local Rules are repealed as of the effective date of these Rules .

        1.2.2 Th~se Ru les are effective September 1, 2003, or at such later date as they may be
approved by the Supreme Court. They shall govern all proceedings occurring on or after their
effective date.

Rule 1.3:         Attorneys' Responsibilities to the Court

       1.3 . 1 Attomeys are officers of the Court and shall assist the Court in maintlii[ijngrproper
decorum at all times Court is in sessio n.

Uniform Rules of Court for the Disuict and Statutory Cowuy Courts of Denton Cowu)', Texas. Page I

                                                                                                    Apx. 2
for dismissal of the case for want of prosecution.

Rule 2.12:        Failure to Appear in Civil Cases

        Failure ofa party seeking affinnative relief to appear at any scheduled trial or hearing
shall result in disnUssal of the case or waiver of the matters presented in the motion scheduled
for hearing.

Rule 2.13:        Trial Procedure in Civil Cases

          Af the time the parties report for 'trial, they" will deliver to the Court and the other parties a
witness liSt, exhibit list, any motion in limine, and any requested instructions and questions if
trial is by jury (on disk). Any witnesses and exhibits not shown on such list can be used at the
trial only upon leave of the Court. The week prior to commencement of tria!, all exhibits will be
marked, exchanged, and examined by counsel so that the trial will not be delayed by such
examination.

Rule 2.14:        Business Records Affidavits and Affidavits Concerning the Cost and
                  Necessity of Services

       2.14.1 The following Affidavits shall be filed with the Clerk in accordance with the
Texas Rules of Civil Procedure and the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code; however, the
attachments shall not be filed :

                  (a)       Texas Rules of Evidence Rule 902(0): "Business Records Accompanied
                            by Affidavit"

                  (b)       Texas Civil Practices and Remedies Code §18.00 1: "Affidavit Concerning
                            Cost and Necessity of Services."

        2. 14.2 The Affidavits described in the preceding paragraphs shall be served upon, and
the attachments shall be made available to, all other lead counselor parties in accordance with
the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure and the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code at the cost
of the requesting party.

Rule 2.15:         Use of Videotaped Depositions

        Unless otherwise expressly agreed by the parties or ordered by the Court, counsel
intending to offer videotaped depositions or other films or videotapes at trial, except those
offered solely for impeachment, must serve opposing counsel with page and line designations for
videotaped depositions not late!' than 30 days prior to trial. Opposing counsel shall serve the
proffering attorney with all objections to the testimony and page and line designations of any
portions he/she intends to introduce at trial within 10 days of receiving the designation. A
hearing on objections to the proffered testimony shall be at the time the objections are served,

Uniform RuJcs of Cow1 for the District and Statutory   COWl~   Courts ofDcnton County, Texas· Page 11 -