Court Opinion

ID: 9908727
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-11 18:01:00.439989+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:49:29.388458
License: Public Domain

Appellate Case: 22-1428     Document: 010110966311       Date Filed: 12/11/2023     Page: 1
                                                                                   FILED
                                                                       United States Court of Appeals
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                          Tenth Circuit

                              FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                         December 11, 2023
                          _________________________________
                                                                          Christopher M. Wolpert
                                                                              Clerk of Court
  JODI SHELDON,

        Plaintiff - Appellee,

  v.                                                          No. 22-1428
                                                 (D.C. No. 1:19-CV-01371-REB-NYW)
  GOLDEN BELL RETREAT, d/b/a The                               (D. Colo.)
  Colorado District Church of the Nazarene,
  d/b/a Golden Bell Ranch and Golden Bell
  Camp and Conference Center,

        Defendant - Appellant.
                       _________________________________

                              ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
                          _________________________________

 Before PHILLIPS, KELLY, and McHUGH, Circuit Judges.
                    _________________________________

       A jury found Golden Bell Retreat (Golden Bell) liable to Jodi Sheldon for

 gross negligence involving willful and wanton conduct. The district court thereafter

 entered judgment in Ms. Sheldon’s favor. Both parties filed motions under Rule 59

 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the last of which the district court disposed

 of on November 9, 2022. The district court also entered an “Amended Final

       *
         After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
 unanimously to honor the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
 argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
 submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent,
 except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It
 may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
Appellate Case: 22-1428      Document: 010110966311          Date Filed: 12/11/2023      Page: 2

 Judgment” on December 1, 2022. Golden Bell filed a notice of appeal on December

 13, 2022—within thirty days of the Amended Final Judgment but more than thirty

 days after the court’s November 9 order.

        Ms. Sheldon moves to dismiss, arguing Golden Bell’s notice of appeal is

 untimely under Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. We agree. And,

 because “a timely notice of appeal in a civil case is jurisdictional,” Alva v. Teen Help,

 469 F.3d 946, 950 (10th Cir. 2006), we dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

        Rule 4 sets forth the deadlines to file a timely notice of appeal. It provides:

 “In a civil case, except as provided in Rule[] . . . 4(a)(4) . . ., the notice of appeal . . .

 must be filed with the district clerk within 30 days after entry of the judgment or

 order appealed from.” Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A) (emphasis added). Under

 subsection (a)(4)(A)(iv), “[i]f a party files in the district court [a Rule 59 motion]—

 and does so within the time allowed by those rules—the time to file an appeal runs

 for all parties from the entry of the order disposing of the last such remaining

 motion.” Here, both parties timely filed Rule 59 motions in the district court. The

 district court disposed of the last such remaining motion (Ms. Sheldon’s) on

 November 9. So, the time to file an appeal ran for all parties from that date. Because

 the thirty-day deadline to file a notice of appeal ran on December 9, Golden Bell’s

 December 13 notice of appeal is untimely.

        Golden Bell argues the time limit for its notice of appeal began running not on

 November 9 but on December 1, the date the district court entered the Amended

 Final Judgment. But the “except as provided in” clause in Rule 4(a)(1)(A) directs us

                                                2
Appellate Case: 22-1428     Document: 010110966311         Date Filed: 12/11/2023       Page: 3

 to resolve any conflicts between it and subsection (a)(4) in favor of the latter. See

 Cyan, Inc. v. Beaver Cnty. Emps. Ret. Fund, 138 S. Ct. 1061, 1070 (2018)

 (“Thousands of statutory provisions use the phrase ‘except as provided in . . .’

 followed by a cross-reference in order to indicate that one rule should prevail over

 another in any circumstance in which the two conflict.”). Doing so confirms that the

 time to file a notice of appeal began running on November 9.

        Moreover, Rule 4(a)(4)(B)(ii) contemplates the entry of amended judgments

 resulting from Rule 59 motions. It provides:

                A party intending to challenge . . . a judgment’s alteration or
        amendment upon . . . a [Rule 59] motion, must file a notice of appeal
        . . . within the time prescribed by this Rule measured from the entry of
        the order disposing of the last such remaining motion.”

 Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(B)(ii) (emphasis added). This portion of Rule 4 further

 indicates the time for filing a notice of appeal is measured from the entry of the

 November 9 order disposing of the last remaining Rule 59 motion, not the

 December 1 Amended Final Judgment.

        Golden Bell invokes the doctrine of invited error to argue Ms. Sheldon, who

 had earlier requested the Amended Final Judgment in the course of the parties’

 post-judgment motions practice, cannot thereafter challenge the timeliness of its

 notice of appeal based on that judgment. But the doctrine of invited error has no role

 to play for two reasons. First, Ms. Sheldon is not arguing that the district court erred

 when it issued the Amended Final Judgment. She simply argues—and we agree—

 that the time for filing a notice of appeal ran thirty days after the date the court

                                              3
Appellate Case: 22-1428    Document: 010110966311        Date Filed: 12/11/2023       Page: 4

 disposed of the parties’ last remaining Rule 59 motion. Second, “[i]nvited error is a

 form of waiver,” ClearOne Commc’ns, Inc. v. Bowers, 643 F.3d 735, 771

 (10th Cir. 2011), but “[t]he issue of subject matter jurisdiction may not

 be . . . waived.” Green Sol. Retail, Inc. v. United States, 855 F.3d 1111, 1114 n.2

 (10th Cir. 2017). So, the doctrine of invited error cannot cure the jurisdictional

 defect resulting from Golden Bell’s untimely appeal.

       Because Golden Bell did not file its notice of appeal within thirty days of the

 district court’s disposition of the parties’ last remaining Rule 59 motion, we grant

 Ms. Sheldon’s motion to dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

                                             Entered for the Court

                                             Gregory A. Phillips
                                             Circuit Judge

                                            4