Court Opinion

ID: 3014718
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:07:59.859962+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:46:52.977679
License: Public Domain

Opinions of the United
2005 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

12-19-2005

USA v. Tunnicliffe
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 04-1327

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Recommended Citation
"USA v. Tunnicliffe" (2005). 2005 Decisions. Paper 97.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2005/97

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                                                             NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                    No. 04-1327

                           UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                         v.

                                GARY TUNNICLIFFE,

                                               Appellant

                                  _______________

                  On Appeal from the United States District Court
                           for the District of New Jersey
                              (D.C. No. 03-cr-00555 )
                   District Judge: Honorable Robert B. Kugler
                                 _______________

                      Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                on September 23, 2005

              BEFORE: ROTH, MCKEE and FISHER Circuit Judges,

                         (Opinion Filed December 19, 2005)

                                     OPINION

ROTH, Circuit Judge

                                         1
       This is an appeal by Gary Tunnicliffe following his guilty plea in connection with

mail fraud. Specifically, Tunnicliffe asks us to vacate his sentence and remand for

resentencing in accordance with Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004), which we

interpret as a request to vacate and remand for resentencing under United States v.

Booker, 125 S. Ct. 738 (2005).

       Gary Tunnicliffe was a financial advisor licensed to sell certain securities and

other investment products to individual investors. Tunnicliffe convinced individual

investor clients to liquidate their holdings so that he could invest them in better

opportunities. Instead, he diverted their funds for his own use and benefit. The

government charged Tunnicliffe with one count of mail fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. §

1341. He pled guilty on November 3, 2003, and was sentenced to 37 months

imprisonment followed by three years of supervised release. Additionally, he was

ordered to pay restitution of $508,588.36.

       In his plea agreement, Tunnicliffe stipulated to many of the facts the District Court

relied on in determining his sentence. Tunnicliffe’s plea agreement also includes a

waiver of appeal provision: “Tunnicliffe waive[s] certain rights to file an

appeal...including but not limited to an appeal under 18 U.S.C. § 3742 or a motion under

28 U.S.C. § 2255, which challenges the sentencing court’s determination or imposition of

the offense level or its acceptance of any of the stipulations on Schedule A.” Schedule A,

in turn, provides that the Sentencing Guidelines, as they existed on November 1, 2002,

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apply to the offense. Schedule A, however, limits the scope of the waiver and permits

appeal if the total offense level determined by the District Court is greater than 19. The

District Court assigned an offense level of 21.

       The District Court had subject matter jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231, which

confers original jurisdiction over all offenses against the laws of the United States.

Appellate jurisdiction is proper under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a).

       We review a defendant’s Booker claim, asserted for the first time on appeal, for

plain error.   United States v. Davis, 407 F.3d 162, 164-65 (3d Cir. 2005). Tunnicliffe

raised a claim under Blakely v. Washington, 124 S. Ct. 2531 (2004), arguing that his

sentence should be vacated and the matter remanded for resentencing. Such a claim is

sufficient to raise the Booker issue and, at any rate, we treat the issue as raised even if not

specifically mentioned in the appeal. See United States v. Urban, 404 F.3d 754, 783 n.12

(3d Cir. 2005) (“We will vacate the sentences of Appellants... even though they have not

expressly indicated that they wish to challenge their sentences under Booker.”).

       In Booker, the Supreme Court held that its reasoning in Blakely applied to the

Federal Sentencing Guidelines and that the portion of those Guidelines that purported to

make them mandatory upon a sentencing judge was invalid. 124 S. Ct. at 755-757. In

reaching its conclusion, the Court reiterated its holding in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530
U.S. 466 (2000): “[a]ny fact, (other than a prior conviction) which is necessary to support

a sentence exceeding the maximum authorized by the facts established by a plea of guilty

                                               3
or a jury verdict must be admitted by the defendant or proved to a jury beyond a

reasonable doubt.” Additionally, where, as here, the District Court appeared to treat the

Guidelines as mandatory, we have held that the defendant’s claim survives plain error

review and requires us to remand for resentencing. Davis, 407 F.3d at 164.

       When a defendant pleads guilty and expressly waives his right to appeal he is

usually bound by the terms of his agreement. United States v. Khattak, 273 F.3d 557,

563 (3d Cir. 2001). In this case, Tunnicliffe signed a plea agreement with an express

waiver provision. However, the waiver was limited in scope. The agreement provided

that Tunnicliffe would not be permitted to appeal provided the District Court’s sentencing

determination fell at Level 19 or lower. Because the District Court sentenced Tunnicliffe

at Level 21, the express terms of the plea agreement permit this appeal and United States

v. Lockett, 406 F.3d 207 (3d Cir. 2005), is no bar. Therefore, we affirm the validity of

Tunnicliffe’s guilty plea but remand for resentencing in accordance with Booker.

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