Court Opinion

ID: 4584465
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-06 16:05:15.229806+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:47:29.163559
License: Public Domain

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

                                          No. 122,119

             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

                                          ABDUL AZIZ,
                                           Appellant,

                                                v.

                   KANSAS DEPARTMENT FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES,
                                   Appellee.

                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION

       Appeal from Shawnee District Court; RICHARD D. ANDERSON, judge. Opinion filed November 6,
2020. Affirmed.

       James C. Heathman, of Heathman Law Office PA, of Topeka, for appellant.

       LeAnn M. Cochran, of Kansas Department for Children and Families, for appellee.

Before GARDNER, P.J., BUSER and BRUNS, JJ.

       PER CURIAM: In this case, Abdul Aziz appeals the district court's decision
affirming the final order of the Kansas Department for Children and Families (DCF)
substantiating sexual abuse of a minor child and directing his name be entered on the
Child Abuse and Neglect Registry. On appeal, Aziz contends that the district court erred
because DCF's determination was not supported by substantial evidence and was
arbitrary and capricious. However, based on our review of the record, we find the
decisions below to be supported by substantial evidence that is both clear and convincing.
Likewise, we do not find them to be either arbitrary or capricious. Thus, we conclude that
the district court did not err in affirming DCF's final order and we affirm.

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                                          FACTS

       In 2014, D.C.—who was in eighth grade at the time—confided to a friend that
Aziz had inappropriately touched her in a sexual manner in the past. At the time, Aziz
was married to D.C.'s sister. The friend told her mother what D.C. had said and her
mother, in turn, told her older brother. On May 15, 2014, D.C.'s brother and another
family member took her to the Topeka Police Department where D.C. reported that she
was sexually abused while she was living with Aziz and his wife, during her fourth-grade
year. D.C. told the police that she had not previously told anyone about the abuse because
she was afraid that her sister—Aziz' wife—would be upset with her.

       After D.C. made her police report, the matter was also reported to DCF.
Subsequently, DCF and the Topeka Police Department conducted a joint investigation.
On June 16, 2014, D.C. spoke with a DCF Social Worker as part of a "Safe Talk"
forensic interview. During the interview, D.C. repeated her allegations against Aziz and
identified three specific locations where the abuse occurred when she was in 4th grade,
6th grade, and 7th grade.

       On January 14, 2016, an investigator with DCF interviewed Aziz. He denied any
inappropriate touching of D.C. About two months later, DCF issued a Notice of
Department Findings in which the agency found D.C.'s allegation of sexual abuse against
Aziz to be substantiated. In the Notice, DCF noted that D.C. had "provided consistent
statements to individuals about the facts and circumstances of the abuse." Thereafter,
Aziz appealed DCF's decision.

       On October 4, 2017, an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) convened a hearing at
which D.C. testified regarding the allegations of sexual abuse committed by Aziz. In
addition, D.C.'s brother testified regarding what D.C. had told him and indicated that she

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never recanted her allegations to him. Also, two social workers and a law enforcement
officer testified regarding their investigations of the allegations.

       Aziz testified in his own defense and denied inappropriately touching D.C. His
wife—who is D.C.'s sister—also testified at the hearing. Additionally, both parties
submitted exhibits that were admitted into evidence. Further, the ALJ reviewed D.C.'s
recorded "Safe Talk" interview and noted that "there does not appear to be any evidence
of leading questions or any attempts to coach D.C. in any way during her interviews."

       On December 26, 2017, the ALJ issued an Initial Order affirming DCF's
substantiation of sexual abuse. In particular, the ALJ found that "DCF has demonstrated
by clear and convincing evidence that [Aziz] sexually abused D.C. as that term is defined
in the applicable Kansas statutes and administrative regulations." Subsequently, Aziz
appealed the ALJ's Initial Order to the State Appeals Committee. On appeal, the State
Appeals Committee affirmed the ALJ's Initial Order. In its Final Order, the State Appeals
Committee expressly adopted the ALJ's findings of fact and conclusions of law.

       Next, Aziz timely filed a petition for judicial review in the Shawnee County
district court. On August 16, 2019, the district court issued a 16-page Memorandum
Decision and Order in which it affirmed the Final Order issued by the State Appeals
Committee. Specifically, the district court concluded that the record "contains substantial
evidence when viewed in light of the record as a whole supporting the finding by DCF
that sexual abuse of D.C. by Abdul Aziz was substantiated by clear and convincing
evidence." The district court further found that the final order was not "unreasonable,
arbitrary, or capricious."

       Thereafter, Aziz timely appealed to this court.

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                                          ANALYSIS

       On appeal, Aziz contends that the district court erred in affirming DCF's final
order substantiating that he had sexually abused D.C. Specifically, Aziz argues that
DCF's determination was not supported by substantial evidence. In addition, he argues
that DCF's determination was arbitrary and capricious. However, based on our review of
the record on appeal, we find that the final order of DCF was supported by substantial
evidence that was both clear and convincing. Likewise, we find DCF's final order to be
reasonable and not arbitrary or capricious.

       The Kansas Judicial Review Act (KJRA) governs appellate review of a state
agency's decision. K.S.A. 77-601 et seq. Under the KJRA, judicial review of an
administrative action is limited to determining whether the political subdivision acted
within the scope of its authority, whether the decision was substantially supported by
evidence, or whether the decision was fraudulent, arbitrary, or capricious. See Friends of
Bethany Place, Inc. v. City of Topeka, 297 Kan. 1112, 1129, 307 P.3d 1255 (2013). On
appeal, the burden of proving the invalidity of the agency action rests on the party—in
this case Aziz—asserting such invalidity. See K.S.A. 77-621(a)(1); see also Frick Farm
Properties v. Kansas Department of Agriculture, 289 Kan. 690, 703-04, 216 P.3d 170
(2009).

       K.S.A. 2014 Supp. 38-2226 required DCF to investigate reports of child abuse or
neglect in Kansas. Moreover, DCF must determine whether the allegations in a particular
report are substantiated and, if so, take appropriate action to protect the child. Here, the
allegation against Aziz involves an allegation of sexual abuse, which is defined as "any
contact or interaction with a child in which the child is being used for the sexual
stimulation of the perpetrator, the child or another person." K.S.A. 2014 Supp. 38-
2202(dd); see K.A.R. 30-46-10(i)(2014 Supp.). It is undisputed that at the time of the
investigation in this case, Kansas law required a finding by "clear and convincing

                                              4
evidence" in order to substantiate an allegation of sexual abuse. See K.A.R. 30-46-10(j)
(2014 Supp.); See also Rajanna v. Kansas Depart. of Social and Rehabilitation Services,
No. 104,922, 2011 WL 5027113, at *5-6 (Kan. App. 2011) (unpublished opinion)
(whether abuse occurred determined by the regulations in effect at the time of the alleged
abuse). Clear and convincing evidence is that which shows the truth of an alleged fact to
be highly probable. See In re B.D.-Y., 286 Kan. 686, 705, 187 P.3d 594 (2008).

       In an administrative hearing, the ALJ serves as the trier of fact and has the
responsibility to make credibility determinations. K.S.A. 77-621(d). The ultimate
determination as to the credibility or veracity of a witness rests with the trier of fact. See
State v. King, 288 Kan. 333, 352, 204 P.3d 585 (2009). Further, when rendering a final
agency decision, the ALJ's credibility determinations are entitled to deference by the
State's agency head. See K.S.A. 77-527(d).

       In this appeal, we must determine whether findings below are supported by
substantial evidence in light of the record as a whole, including evidence that both
supports and detracts from the agency's finding. See K.S.A. 77-621(c)(7); see also Sierra
Club v. Moser, 298 Kan. 22, 62-63, 310 P.3d 360 (2013). "Substantial evidence is such
legal and relevant evidence as a reasonable person might accept as sufficient to support a
conclusion." Owen Lumber Co. v. Chartrand, 283 Kan. 911, 916, 157 P.3d 1109 (2007).
We also must determine if the action taken below was arbitrary or capricious. "An agency
action is arbitrary or capricious if it is unreasonable or without foundation in fact."
Wright v. Kansas State Board of Education, 46 Kan. App. 2d 1046, 1059, 268 P.3d 1231
(2012).

       Here, the ALJ found "D.C. to be a very credible witness." Notably, the ALJ
pointed out that D.C.'s "mannerisms and eye contact at the hearing contribute to her
credibility." In addition, the ALJ found that D.C.—who was no longer a minor at the time
of the administrative hearing—"appeared very calm and collected throughout her
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testimony." The ALJ further found that the accounts given by D.C. during her interviews
"were substantially consistent in the salient points across the various tellings."

       Although the ALJ also noted that D.C. recanted her allegations at one point during
the investigation, the ALJ found that Aziz' wife—D.C.'s sister—had pressured her into
doing so. The ALJ also found the sister was not "a particularly credible witness" and that
she "pestered D.C. about recanting her allegations of abuse." The ALJ further found an
inconsistency in the sister's testimony to be significant. In particular, the ALJ found that,
while the sister testified "it was D.C. who approached her about recanting . . . , the text
messages DCF placed into evidence between the two tell a different story." As a result of
this contradiction, the ALJ concluded that the sister's "veracity" was in doubt.

       Likewise, the ALJ did "not find [Aziz'] denial to be . . . particularly credible."
Specifically, the ALJ noted Aziz remained "expressionless" throughout the hearing.
Moreover, the ALJ found that, "while [Aziz] categorically denied sexually abusing D.C.
in any way at the hearing," he had told a police detective during an interview that "there
was a time that D.C. was exposed" and that he "may have [touched her] accidently." In
weighing the evidence, the ALJ found the discrepancy to constitute "a significant
difference in accounts."

       Similar to the ALJ, the State Appeals Committee, and the district court, we also
find it to be significant that D.C.'s allegations of sexual abuse by Aziz were consistent in
her various statements, interviews, and testimony. In particular, we note that DCF
initially substantiated the sexual abuse allegations because D.C. "provided consistent
statements to individuals about the facts and circumstances of the abuse." Subsequently,
after hearing the evidence presented at the hearing, the ALJ also found D.C.'s testimony
to be "substantially consistent" with the various accounts that she had previously given to
the investigators.

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         In turn, the State Appeals Committee found the ALJ's explanation regarding the
credibility of the witnesses to be "detailed, perception-based, and rational." Likewise, the
State Appeals Committee found that "the findings of fact and the exhibits submitted by
DCF all combine to provide the necessary factual support for the agency's [substantiated]
finding." As a result, the State Appeals Committee concluded that DCF "demonstrated,
by clear and convincing evidence, that [Aziz] sexually abused D.C. as that term is
defined in the applicable Kansas statutes and administrative regulations."

         On judicial review, the district court also noted the consistency of D.C.'s
statements during the investigation and hearing process. Specifically, the district court
found:

                 "Contrary to Mr. Aziz's assertion on appeal, it was not unreasonable for the ALJ
         to view testimony in the record as corroborating D.C.'s accounts of abuse. D.C. provided
         several consistent statements about what had happened to her. [On] or about the date of
         the report to authorities in May 2014, D.C. spoke about the sexual abuse to her girlfriend
         [], her brother [], police officers and detectives, DCF investigative social worker Kaitlyn
         Staab, and DCF forensic interviewer Ann Goodall. Then, several years later, D.C.
         appeared at the appeal hearing in October 2017, when she was then 18 years old, and
         testified under oath that Mr. Aziz put his hand down her pants and touched her vagina,
         and there were times his fingers would go inside her vagina."

         As indicated above, it is not our role to reweigh the evidence. Moreover, despite
Aziz' argument to the contrary, we do not find the lack of corroborating witnesses in this
case to undercut the ALJ's findings. Due to the nature of sexual abuse of a child, it is not
unusual for these types of acts to be performed outside the presence of others. See Note,
The Sexually Abused Infant Hearsay Exception: A Constitutional Analysis, 8 J. Juv. L.
59, 59-60 (1984). Furthermore, the testimony of a victim of sexual abuse can be
sufficient in itself—if believed by the trier of fact—to support the substantiation. See,

                                                      7
e.g., State v. Coburn, 38 Kan. App. 2d 1036, 1066-67, 176 P.3d 203 (2008) (discussing
such cases as turning on the credibility of the victims).

        Also, we do not find Aziz' argument that DCF and the police department failed to
adequately investigate the allegations against him to be persuasive. Specifically, Aziz
argues that DCF failed to investigate potential motivations for D.C. to lie about the
allegations against him. However, Aziz testified at the hearing regarding not liking D.C.'s
friends or her lifestyle. He also testified that he banned one of her closest friends from his
house as a result. Nevertheless, in weighing the evidence, the ALJ was not persuaded by
Aziz' testimony and, as indicated above, questioned his credibility. Again, it is not our
role to replace our judgment regarding the credibility of a witness for that of the trier of
fact.

        Although it is possible that others may have weighed the evidence differently than
the ALJ did, we find that the determinations made are supported by substantial evidence
when the record is viewed as a whole. A review of the record reveals that the ALJ
determined the testimony of D.C.—as well as the other witnesses presented by DCF—to
be more credible than the testimony presented by Aziz and his wife. We find nothing in
the record to suggest that the ALJ failed to properly discharge his responsibilities in
making credibility determinations or in weighing the conflicting evidence.

        In sum, based on our review of the record as a whole—including the testimony of
the witnesses and the exhibits admitted into evidence—we conclude that the ALJ's
findings and conclusions are supported by substantial evidence. Likewise, we find that
this evidence was sufficient to support DCF's substantiation of the sexual abuse
allegations against Aziz by clear and convincing evidence. Finally, we conclude that the
ALJ's findings and conclusions were neither arbitrary nor capricious.

        Affirmed.
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