Court Opinion

ID: 9373052
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-22 16:02:22.749921+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:39.493014
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     DAMON V. BROWN,                                 DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         SF-0752-17-0611-I-1

                  v.

     UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE,                   DATE: January 23, 2023
                   Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Damon V. Brown, Inglewood, California, pro se.

           Catherine V. Meek, Esquire, Long Beach, California, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                               Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                Raymond A. Limon, Member
                                 Tristan L. Leavitt, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     dismissed his appeal for lack of jurisdiction. Generally, we grant petitions such
     as this one only in the following circumstances:        the initial decision contains
     erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                         2

     interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to
     the facts of the case; the administrative judge’s rulings during either the course of
     the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent with required procedures or
     involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of
     the case; or new and material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite
     the petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record closed. Title 5
     of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 ( 5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).
     After fully considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner
     has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for
     review.   Therefore, we DENY the petition for review.          Except as expressly
     MODIFIED to dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction based on a settlement
     agreement between the parties in which the appellant waived his right to appeal to
     the Board, we AFFIRM the initial decision.

                                      BACKGROUND
¶2         The appellant, who was employed at the agency as a Mail Processing Clerk,
     suffered an on-the-job injury on March 25, 2012. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 1
     at 77-78. After returning to work, the appellant had numerous absences , and the
     agency subsequently issued him a Letter of Warning regarding his absences in
     November and December 2013. IAF, Tab 5 at 26-27. The agency removed the
     appellant effective August 15, 2015. IAF, Tab 5 at 36-37, 41-44. In November
     2015, the appellant, who was represented at the time, entered into a settlement
     agreement with the agency. Id. at 27-35. In that agreement, the agency agreed to
     remove the August 2015 disciplinary removal from his personnel file and instead
     separate him, effective January 1, 2016, with a nondisciplinary removal for
     medical inability to perform the duties of his position, and the appellant agreed to
     subsequently apply for disability retirement. Id. The appellant also agreed to
     waive any and all appeal rights to the Board for “causes of action of any kind,
     nature, and character, known and unknown, which Complainant may now have or
                                                                                       3

     has ever had against Postal Service, or any of its officers, agents, and employees,
     which arose in whole or in part from Complainant’s employment relationship
     with Postal Service, and which are based upon incidents, oc currences, or actions
     taking place prior to the execution of this agreement.” Id. at 28. On January 25,
     2017, the appellant filed this appeal in which he alleged that he was challenging
     the following actions: his removal, the failure to restore, involuntary resignation,
     involuntary retirement, a reduction in force, and violations of the Uniformed
     Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (codified as
     amended at 38 U.S.C. §§ 4301-4335) and the Veterans Employment Opportunities
     Act of 1998. 2 IAF, Tab 3.
¶3        The administrative judge issued a jurisdictional order that advised the
     appellant that his appeal may not be within the Board’s jurisdiction , provided him
     with the law and burdens of proof applicable to the Board’s jurisdiction over each
     of the claims that the appellant indicated he was attempting to appeal, and set
     deadlines for the parties to respond to the order.     IAF, Tab 3.    Although the
     agency filed a response, the appellant did not respond. IAF, Tab 5. Without
     holding a hearing, the administrative judge issued an initial decision that
     addressed each of the appellant’s allegations and dismissed the appeal for lack of
     jurisdiction. IAF, Tab 7, Initial Decision (ID).
¶4        The appellant has filed a petition for review. Petition for Review (PFR)
     File, PFR File, Tab 1. The agency has filed a response to the petition. PFR File,
     Tab 4.

                     DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶5        Before considering the appellant’s petition for review, we find that we must
     address the applicability of the settlement agreement between the parties , which

     2
       There may be a question as to timeliness. However, because the Board lacks
     jurisdiction over the appeal, it need not address the issue of the timeliness of the
     appellant’s initial appeal. Fletcher v. Office of Personnel Management, 118 M.S.P.R.
     632, 635 n.2 (2012).
                                                                                             4

     was submitted into the record below. IAF, Tab 5 at 27-35. In considering the
     impact of a prior settlement agreement on a pending appeal, the Board will
     consider the agreement to determine the effect on the Board appeal and any
     waiver of Board appeal rights, even when, as here, the agreement was reached
     outside of a Board proceeding. 3 Swidecki v. U.S. Postal Service, 101 M.S.P.R.
     110, ¶ 7 (2006).     The appellant may challenge the validity of the settlement
     agreement if he believes it was unlawful, involuntary, or resulted from fraud or
     mutual mistake.     Id., ¶ 13.   An appellant has the burden of showing that he
     involuntarily entered into a settlement agreement.          Id.   An appellant’s mere
     post-settlement remorse or change of heart cannot serve as a basis for setting
     aside a valid settlement agreement. Hinton v. Department of Veterans Affairs,
     119 M.S.P.R. 129, ¶ 4 (2013).
¶6         The appellant also may challenge the enforceability of any waiver of Board
     appeal rights. Such a waiver is enforceable if its terms are comprehensive, freely
     made, and fair, and execution of the waiver did not result from agency duress or
     bad faith. Swidecki, 101 M.S.P.R. 110, ¶ 17. In deciding whether the appellant
     freely and voluntarily entered into the settlement agreement, the Board will
     consider whether he was represented, whether he has demonstrated that he was
     mentally impaired when the agreement was reached, and whether he has

     3
       Although the administrative judge did not provide the appellant with jurisdictional
     burdens of proof concerning the settlement agreement, we find it unnecessary to remand
     this appeal for a proper jurisdictional notice. See Burgess v. Merit Systems Protection
     Board, 758 F.2d 641, 643-44 (Fed. Cir. 1985) (finding that an appellant must receive
     explicit information on what is required to establish an appealable jurisdictional issue).
     The Board has found that an administrative judge’s defective notice can be cured if the
     agency’s pleadings contain the notice that was lacking in the jurisdictional order. Scott
     v. Department of Justice, 105 M.S.P.R. 482, ¶ 6 (2007). Here, the agency adequately
     informed the appellant in its narrative response that the appellant has provided no
     showing that the settlement agreement was obtained under coercion or
     misrepresentation. IAF, Tab 5 at 12. On review, the appellant does not challenge the
     validity of the settlement agreement or the enforceability of the waiver clause. PFR
     File, Tab 1.
                                                                                            5

     otherwise shown that he was unable to understand the nature of the settlement
     agreement fully. Id.
¶7         Here, the appellant was represented by a union representative during
     settlement negotiations, and both the appellant and his representative signed the
     settlement agreement. IAF, Tab 5 at 35. Such representation is significant in
     determining the validity of an appeal-rights waiver. Clede v. Department of the
     Air Force, 72 M.S.P.R. 279, 285 (1996), aff’d, 113 F.3d 1257 (Fed. Cir. 1997)
     (Table). The agreement specifically provided that the appellant and the agency
     entered into it voluntarily, without coercion or duress. IAF, Tab 5 at 34. The
     appellant has provided no arguments that he was mentally impaired when the
     agreement was reached, or that he entered into the agreement under duress or
     coercion.
¶8         Furthermore, we find that the November 24, 2015 settlement agreement
     includes an explicit waiver of the appellant’s Board appeal rights over any action
     “which arose in whole or in part from [the appellant’s] employment relationship
     with Postal Service, and which are based upon incidents, occurrences, or actions
     taking place prior to the execution of this agreement.” IAF, Tab 5 at 27-29. We
     further find that, in this appeal, the appellant is contesting his removal and
     matters that preceded his removal. All of these matters thus arose prior to, or as a
     result of the terms of, the settlement agreement entered into by the parties. By
     the explicit terms of the settlement agreement, which we fin d that the appellant
     knowingly and voluntarily signed, he waived further Board appeal rights
     concerning his removal. 4 We find the waiver enforceable.

     4
       To the extent the appellant is claiming that he left the agency as a result of an
     involuntary resignation or involuntary retirement, the record shows he was removed
     from his position based on a charge of inability to perform. Because the appellant was
     removed by the agency from his position as a Mail Processing Clerk, it is not necessary
     to analyze this matter as a constructive adverse action. To the extent the administrative
     judge did so, we vacate those findings in the initial decision.
                                                                                            6

¶9          On review, the appellant reasserts the numerous allegations he raised below
      concerning his on-the-job injury, his resulting medical treatment, the failure of
      the agency to provide him with a modified assignment, his removal, and various
      laws he claims were violated by the agency during his employment and removal . 5
      PFR File, Tab 1 at 4. However, because this appeal is properly dismissed for lack
      of jurisdiction based on the terms of the settlement agreement, we need not reach
      the other issues raised by the appellant on review. See Lee v. U.S. Postal Service,
      111 M.S.P.R. 551, ¶ 10 (2009), aff’d, 367 F. App’x 137 (Fed. Cir. 2010).
¶10         Accordingly, we find that the Board lacks jurisdiction over the matters
      raised in this appeal based on the terms in the settlement agreement.

                               NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 6
            The initial decision, as supplemented by this Final Order, constitutes the
      Board’s final decision in this matter.      5 C.F.R. § 1201.113.      You may obtain
      review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By statute, the nature of
      your claims determines the time limit for seeking such review and the appropriate
      forum with which to file. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b). Although we offer the following
      summary of available appeal rights, the Merit Systems Protection Board does not
      provide legal advice on which option is most appropriate for your situation and
      the rights described below do not represent a statement of how courts will rule
      regarding which cases fall within their jurisdiction. If you wish to seek review of

      5
        The appellant has attached letters of reference and various medical and financial
      documents to his petition for review without a showing that they were unavailable
      before the record closed despite his due diligence. PFR File, Tab 1 at 5-81. Thus,
      under 5 C.F.R. § 1201.115, the Board need not consider them. To the extent that some
      of the documents were submitted for a first time on review, we find that they are not
      material to the appellant’s voluntariness of entering into the settlement agreement and
      do not warrant a different outcome. See Russo v. Veterans Administration, 3 M.S.P.R.
      345, 349 (1980); PFR File, Tab 1 at 6-15, 37-39, 57-81.
      6
        Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
      the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
      Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
                                                                                        7

this final decision, you should immediately review the law applicable to your
claims and carefully follow all filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file
within the applicable time limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your
chosen forum.
      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions
about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U .S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit   your   petition   to   the   court    at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
                                                                                    8

Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or   EEOC     review   of   cases     involving    a   claim   of
discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. I f so, you may obtain
judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court ( not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.     5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. ____ , 137 S. Ct. 1975 (2017).              If you have a
representative in this case, and your representative receives this decision before
you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar days
after your representative receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of
discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling
condition, you may be entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and
to waiver of any requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security. See
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
                                                                                      9

with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                  P.O. Box 77960
                             Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant     to   the   Whistleblower       Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section
2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i),
(B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either with the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 7   The court of appeals must receive your petition for

7
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115 -195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                                10

review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.          5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).
      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                             U.S. Court of Appeals
                             for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                            Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our websit e at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:                                    /s/ for
                                          Jennifer Everling
                                          Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.