Court Opinion

ID: 9961587
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-19 14:02:40.254102+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:21:00.921799
License: Public Domain

Rel: April 19, 2024

Notice: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the advance sheets of Southern
Reporter. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Alabama Appellate Courts,
300 Dexter Avenue, Montgomery, Alabama 36104-3741 ((334) 229-0650), of any typographical or other
errors, in order that corrections may be made before the opinion is printed in Southern Reporter.

         SUPREME COURT OF ALABAMA
                             OCTOBER TERM, 2023-2024
                              _________________________

                                      SC-2023-0313
                                _________________________

                                     State of Alabama

                                                  v.

Jay's Charity Bingo; Alabama STEM Education, Inc.; and Bobby
                          R. St. John

      Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court, Bessemer Division
                            (CV-23-28)
                     _________________________

                                      SC-2023-0314
                                _________________________

                                     State of Alabama

                                                  v.
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

 Shoot the Moon Bingo; Just the Right Time, Inc.; TL Nguyen,
                 LLC; and City of Midfield

      Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court, Bessemer Division
                          (CV-23-29)
                  _________________________

                          SC-2023-0315
                    _________________________

                        State of Alabama

                                v.

Super Highway Bingo; Fairfield Industrial High School Alumni
Association; Donovan Parker; Brighton Holding Group #2, LLC;
                    and City of Brighton

    Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court, Bessemer Division
                          (CV-23-30)
                   _________________________

                          SC-2023-0316
                    _________________________

                        State of Alabama

                                v.

Jay's Charity Bingo; Alabama STEM Education, Inc.; Abdulahe
                 Jamal; and City of Brighton

    Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court, Bessemer Division
                          (CV-23-31)

                                2
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

                    _________________________

                          SC-2023-0317
                    _________________________

                        State of Alabama

                                v.

Paradise Bingo; Center for Rural Family Development; Virginia
              Kaye White; and City of Brighton

    Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court, Bessemer Division
                          (CV-23-32)
                   _________________________

                          SC-2023-0318
                    _________________________

                        State of Alabama

                                v.

   Magic City Bingo; Fairfield Industrial High School Alumni
Association; AB & J Baker Properties, LLC; and City of Fairfield

    Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court, Bessemer Division
                          (CV-23-33)
                   _________________________

                          SC-2023-0319
                    _________________________

                        State of Alabama

                                3
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

                                 v.

   Kings & Queens Bingo; Sparkle Theatre Productions, Inc.;
       Birmingham Partners, Ltd.; and City of Fairfield

    Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court, Bessemer Division
                          (CV-23-37)
                   _________________________

                           SC-2023-0320
                     _________________________

                         State of Alabama

                                 v.

 Legion Bingo; Bachar Schlomo; American Legion Post No. 347;
                    and City of Fairfield

    Appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court, Bessemer Division
                          (CV-23-38)

BRYAN, Justice.

     The State of Alabama appeals from judgments of the Bessemer

Division of the Jefferson Circuit Court ("the Bessemer Division")

dissolving eight temporary restraining orders ("TROs") entered by the

Birmingham Division of the Jefferson Circuit Court ("the Birmingham

Division") and dismissing the actions in which the TROs were entered.

                                 4
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

For the reasons explained below, we reverse the Bessemer Division's

judgments and remand the actions for further proceedings.

                               Background

      On April 10, 2023, the State initiated in the Birmingham Division

14 separate actions regarding allegedly illegal gambling facilities located

in Jefferson County. These consolidated appeals pertain to only 8 of the

14 actions. Therefore, the records for only those eight actions are before

this Court in these appeals, and the following summary relates to only

those eight actions.

      In each of its complaints, the State asserted only a public-nuisance

claim, and, in each complaint, the State sought permanent injunctive

relief. According to the State's complaints, the defendants consist of

certain businesses, nonprofit organizations, property owners, and

municipalities who are responsible for the operation of illegal gambling

activities. 1

      1The defendants in the various actions are as follows: appeal no.

SC-2023-0313 -- Jay's Charity Bingo, Alabama STEM Education, Inc.,
and Bobby R. St. John; appeal no. SC-2023-0314 -- Shoot the Moon Bingo,
Just the Right Time, Inc., TL Nguyen, LLC, and the City of Midfield;
appeal no. SC-2023-0315 -- Super Highway Bingo, the Fairfield
Industrial High School Alumni Association, Donovan Parker, Brighton
                                   5
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

     That same day, upon motions filed by the State, the Birmingham

Division entered in each action an ex parte TRO prohibiting the

defendants from taking certain actions and requiring them to take other

actions. After conducting a hearing, the Birmingham Division entered

an order in each action transferring the action to the Bessemer Division

and extending the TRO entered in the action.

     After the actions were transferred to the Bessemer Division, the

State filed a motion in each action requesting a hearing to determine

whether a preliminary injunction should be entered. However, on May

4, 2023, the Bessemer Division entered a judgment in each action

concluding, in relevant part, that the Birmingham Division had lacked

jurisdiction to enter the TROs; the Bessemer Division's judgments

Holding Group #2, LLC, and the City of Brighton; appeal no. SC-2023-
0316 -- Jay's Charity Bingo, Alabama STEM Education, Inc., Abdulahe
Jamal, and the City of Brighton; appeal no. SC-2023-0317 -- Paradise
Bingo, the Center for Rural Family Development, Virginia Kaye White,
and the City of Brighton; appeal no. SC-2023-0318 -- Magic City Bingo,
the Fairfield Industrial High School Alumni Association, AB & J Baker
Properties, LLC, and the City of Fairfield; appeal no. SC-2023-0319 --
Kings & Queens Bingo, Sparkle Theatre Productions, Inc., Birmingham
Partners, Ltd., and the City of Fairfield; and appeal no. SC-2023-0320 --
Legion Bingo, Bachar Schlomo, American Legion Post No. 347, and the
City of Fairfield.
                                    6
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

directed that the TROs be dissolved. The judgments also dismissed each

respective action. The State appealed from each judgment. This Court

consolidated the appeals.

                                Analysis

     On appeal, the State does not dispute that the eight actions arose

within the territorial boundaries of the Bessemer Division. However, the

State argues that the Bessemer Division erred by concluding that the

Birmingham Division had lacked jurisdiction over the actions and by

dismissing the actions.     Before turning to the State's arguments,

however, we must first address a motion to dismiss that has been filed

by the City of Midfield in appeal no. SC-2023-0314.

     The City of Midfield argues that this Court should dismiss appeal

no. SC-2023-0314 because, it argues, the State did not timely submit a

transcript-purchase-order   form    requesting      the   preparation   and

completion of the record on appeal. As the City of Midfield acknowledges,

however, after submission of the State's order form, the Bessemer

Division granted a request for an extension of time filed by the court

reporter to complete the record on appeal. Rule 11, Ala. R. App. P.,

authorizes trial courts to grant such extensions.

                                    7
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

     Moreover, although the City of Midfield filed an opposition to the

extension of time in the Bessemer Division, the Bessemer Division

nevertheless granted the extension. The City of Midfield does not argue

that the Bessemer Division exceeded its discretion under Rule 11 by

granting the extension. "We have unequivocally stated that it is not the

function of this Court to do a party's legal research or to make and

address legal arguments for a party based on undelineated general

propositions not supported by sufficient authority or argument." Dykes

v. Lane Trucking, Inc., 652 So. 2d 248, 251 (Ala. 1994).

     Additionally, we discern no prejudice to the City of Midfield

regarding this issue. After the records in these appeals were eventually

completed, this Court set a new briefing schedule for the parties. Despite

that new schedule, the City of Midfield failed to submit a timely brief to

this Court and, instead, filed an untimely brief and a contemporaneous

motion for an extension of time to submit the brief. This Court's clerk

conditionally granted the extension pending further review by the Court.

In light of the foregoing, we have, by separate order, granted the City of

Midfield's motion for an extension of time to submit its untimely

appellate brief but denied its motion to dismiss appeal no. SC-2023-0314.

                                    8
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

     We now turn to the State's appellate arguments. In its judgments,

the Bessemer Division based its determination that the Birmingham

Division had lacked jurisdiction over the actions on Act No. 213, Ala.

Local Acts 1919 ("the Bessemer Act"). Section 2 of the Bessemer Act

states:

     "The said Circuit Court of the Tenth Judicial Circuit, holding
     at Bessemer, as in this Act provided, shall have, exercise and
     possess all of the jurisdiction and powers which are now or
     which may hereafter be conferred by law on the several
     Circuit Courts of this State, which said jurisdiction and
     powers shall be exclusive in, limited to, and extend over that
     portion of the County of Jefferson, which is included in the
     following precincts, to-wit: [physical description of the
     property included within the Bessemer Division] and from
     and over the above mentioned and described territory all
     jurisdiction and powers heretofore or now exercised or
     existing therein by the Circuit Court of the Tenth Judicial
     Circuit, as now held at Birmingham, is hereby expressly
     excluded."

(Emphasis added.)

     The State argues that, under this Court's precedent, the Bessemer

Division clearly erred in determining that the Birmingham Division had

lacked jurisdiction over the eight actions. In Ex parte Ford Motor Co., 73

So. 3d 597, 601-02 (Ala. 2011), this Court stated that,

          "[d]espite the reference to 'jurisdiction' in § 2 of the
     Bessemer Act, this Court has for many years interpreted that

                                    9
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

     term as used in the Act to refer instead to venue. ' " [T]he
     Bessemer … Act ... should be read as venue legislation rather
     than jurisdiction legislation ...." ' Ex parte Flexible Prods. Co.,
     961 So. 2d 111, 114 (Ala. 2006)(quoting Ex parte Jackson, 516
     So. 2d 768, 769 (Ala. 1986))."

"[T]he primary purpose of the Bessemer Act is to determine in which

division venue in Jefferson County is proper." Id. at 604.

     In Glenn v. Wilson, 455 So. 2d 2, 4 (Ala. 1984), this Court explained:

     "[S]uits 'arising in' the geographical boundaries of the
     Bessemer Cutoff but filed in Birmingham (or, vice versa, suits
     'arising in' the Birmingham Division but filed in Bessemer)
     are subject to transfer to the proper division pursuant to the
     provisions of § 12-11-11, [Ala.] Code 1975. That statute, first
     adopted in 1915, reads as follows:

                 " 'Whenever it shall appear to the court that
           any case filed therein should have been brought in
           another court in the same county, the court shall
           make an order transferring the case to the proper
           court, and the clerk or register shall forthwith
           certify the pleadings, process, costs and order to
           the court to which the case is transferred, and the
           case shall be docketed and proceed in the court to
           which it is transferred, and the costs accrued in
           the court in which the case was originally filed
           shall abide by the result of the case in the court to
           which transferred.'

     "The Bessemer [Act] does not diminish the general
     jurisdiction of other circuit courts, either in Jefferson or other
     counties."

(Emphasis added.)

                                     10
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

     Thus, under this Court's precedent, the Bessemer Division erred by

concluding that the Birmingham Division had lacked jurisdiction over

the eight actions at issue in these appeals. Upon determining that the

Bessemer Division was the proper venue for the actions, the Birmingham

Division correctly transferred the actions to the Bessemer Division

pursuant to § 12-11-11, Ala. Code 1975. Moreover, pursuant to § 12-11-

11, upon the proper transfer of the actions to the Bessemer Division, the

actions should have "proceed[ed]" in the Bessemer Division. Therefore,

the Bessemer Division erred by dismissing the actions based on the

Birmingham Division's supposed lack of jurisdiction, and its judgments

in that regard are reversed.

     Not all the defendants have filed appellate briefs in this Court.

However, of the briefs submitted by the defendants, none articulate a

cogent argument demonstrating that the Bessemer Division properly

dismissed the actions.    However, some of the defendants argue, for

various reasons, that the Birmingham Division lacked the authority to

grant the State's ex parte motions for TROs in the first instance and that

the Birmingham Division lacked the authority to extend the duration of

the TROs upon its decision to transfer the actions to the Bessemer

                                   11
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

Division. We conclude that those issues are now moot because the ex

parte TROs have expired. See, e.g., Cochran v. CIS Fin. Servs., Inc., 375

So. 3d 800, 811 (Ala. 2022)("[T]hat date has already passed, and this

Court is consequently powerless to grant … relief from that injunction.").

Moreover, even assuming -- without deciding -- that the TROs were

issued in error, the defendants have cited no authority supporting the

notion that such an error would justify the complete dismissal of the

actions by the Bessemer Division.

     Instead, the pertinent question at this stage in these proceedings is

whether preliminary injunctions are warranted. See Rule 65(b), Ala. R.

Civ. P. ("In case a temporary restraining order is granted without notice,

the motion for a preliminary injunction shall be set down for hearing at

the earliest possible time and takes precedence of all matters except older

matters of the same character …." (emphasis added)). As noted above,

upon transfer of the actions to the Bessemer Division, the State filed

motions seeking preliminary injunctions and requesting a hearing

regarding those motions. As also mentioned, § 12-11-11 provides that

transferred actions "shall be docketed and proceed in the court to which

[they are] transferred." Rather than consider the State's motions for

                                    12
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

preliminary injunctions, however, the Bessemer Division erroneously

dismissed the actions altogether.

                               Conclusion

     The Bessemer Division erroneously dismissed the actions based on

an incorrect conclusion that the Birmingham Division had lacked

jurisdiction over the actions. In accordance with this Court's precedent,

the Birmingham Division properly transferred the actions to the

Bessemer Division upon concluding that the Bessemer Division is the

proper venue for the actions.       Therefore, contrary to the apparent

conclusion reached in its judgments, the Bessemer Division properly has

jurisdiction over the actions and, under Rule 65(b) and § 12-11-11, is

required to conduct a hearing regarding the State's motions for

preliminary injunctions.

     Thus, the Bessemer Division's judgments of dismissal are reversed,

and the eight actions are hereby remanded to the Bessemer Division for

further proceedings consistent with this Court's decision. In particular,

on remand, the Bessemer Division is hereby directed to conduct a hearing

regarding the State's motions for preliminary injunctions "at the earliest

                                    13
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

possible time" and in accordance with all other requirements of Rule

65(b).

     SC-2023-0313    --   REVERSED     AND    REMANDED        WITH

INSTRUCTIONS.

     SC-2023-0314    --   REVERSED     AND    REMANDED        WITH

INSTRUCTIONS.

     SC-2023-0315    --   REVERSED     AND    REMANDED        WITH

INSTRUCTIONS.

     SC-2023-0316    --   REVERSED     AND    REMANDED        WITH

INSTRUCTIONS.

     SC-2023-0317    --   REVERSED     AND    REMANDED        WITH

INSTRUCTIONS.

     SC-2023-0318    --   REVERSED     AND    REMANDED        WITH

INSTRUCTIONS.

     SC-2023-0319    --   REVERSED     AND    REMANDED        WITH

INSTRUCTIONS.

                                14
SC-2023-0313; SC-2023-0314; SC-2023-0315; SC-2023-0316; SC-2023-
0317; SC-2023-0318; SC-2023-0319; SC-2023-0320

     SC-2023-0320     --   REVERSED     AND   REMANDED      WITH

INSTRUCTIONS.

     Parker, C.J., and Shaw, Wise, Sellers, Mendheim, Stewart,

Mitchell, and Cook, JJ., concur.

                                   15