Court Opinion

ID: 2715438
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-08-06 17:23:47.992942+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:53:12.540951
License: Public Domain

COURT GF APPEALS R;V 1
                                                       STATE OF WASHING"!*;:!

                                                       20KMAY-5 AM 9=20

      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

In the Matter of the Dependency of            NO. 70121-5-1

CA (DOB: 2/21/1995),
                                              DIVISION ONE
             A minor child.

THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL                      UNPUBLISHED OPINION
AND HEALTH SERVICES,

             Respondent,

      v.

CA,

             Petitioner.                      FILED: May 5, 2014

      Leach, J. — CA. appeals a superior court order granting revision of a

commissioner's ruling terminating her dependency guardianship and extending

juvenile court jurisdiction. She claims that the 2012 adoption of WAC 388-25-

0510 substantially changed her circumstances after the establishment of her

guardianship by excluding her from certain extended foster care services. The

Department of Social and Health Services (Department) has moved to

redesignate C.A.'s appeal as a motion for discretionary review. Because C.A.

does not appeal a disposition following a finding of dependency by the juvenile
NO. 70121-5-1/2

court, we redesignate this appeal as a notice for discretionary review. Because

C.A. fails to make the showing required by RAP 2.3(b), we deny discretionary

review and dismiss her petition.

                                       FACTS

       C.A. was born on February 21, 1995. In 2006, a court entered orders of

dependency as to C.A.'s mother and father.1          In 2007, C.A. began living with

Angela Pitts-Long, a licensed foster parent. On June 27, 2008, a court appointed

Pitts-Long as C.A.'s dependency guardian.            The court's order stated, "The

dependency guardianship will continue until the child reaches 18 years of age or

until further order of the Court." It also stated, "[TJhis dependency guardianship

has been established and it implements the permanent plan for the child."2

       The guardianship has been very stable with no disruptions and no need

for services. C.A. has integrated into Pitts-Long's family.

       1 The identity of C.A.'s father is unknown.
       2 RCW 13.34.030(5) defines a "dependency guardian" as "the
person . .. appointed by the court pursuant to this chapter for the limited purpose
of assisting the court in the supervision of the dependency." Dependency
guardians must meet the minimum requirements enumerated in RCW 74.15.030.
See former RCW 13.34.236 (1994). The law does not require dependency
guardians to be licensed foster parents; any person meeting the statute's
requirements can serve as a dependency guardian. The fact that Pitts-Long was
C.A.'s dependency guardian and also happened to be a licensed foster parent
simply meant that she continued receiving foster care payments for C.A.'s care
until the time that C.A. turned 18 and completed high school. If the court
terminated C.A.'s guardianship before her 18th birthday and C.A. remained in
Pitts-Long's care in extended foster care, Pitts-Long would continue to receive
foster care payments.
                                         -2-
NO. 70121-5-1/3

       Former RCW 74.13.031(10) (2012) authorized the Department to provide

"continued extended foster care services to youth ages eighteen to twenty-one

years to participate in or complete a secondary education program or a

secondary education equivalency program, or a postsecondary academic or

postsecondary vocational education program. The department shall develop and

implement rules regarding youth eligibility requirements."        RCW 74.13.020(7)

defines "extended foster care services" as "residential and other support services

the department is authorized to provide to foster children.           These services

include, but are not limited to, placement in licensed, relative, or otherwise

approved care, or supervised independent living settings; assistance in meeting

basic needs; independent living services; medical assistance; and counseling or

treatment."

       In 2012, the Department adopted WAC XXX-XX-XXXX(2), titled "When is a

youth not 'in foster care'?" This rule states, "For the purposes of determining

initial eligibility for the extended foster care program, a youth is not in foster care

if the youth is . . .[i]n a dependency guardianship." Previously, no statute or rule

defined "in foster care" or "not in foster care."3

       3 WAC XXX-XX-XXXX defines "in foster care":

       For the purpose of determining initial eligibility for the extended
       foster care program, a youth is in foster care if the youth is under
       children's administration (CA) placement and care authority, is
       placed by CA in out of home care, in relative care, licensed foster
                                           -3-
NO. 70121-5-1/4

      On January 22, 2013, C.A. filed a motion requesting that the court "enter

an order modifying or terminating the dependency guardianship, placing her with

her current caregiver and extending juvenile court jurisdiction past her 18th

birthday so that she may apply for and receive extended foster care services,

including financial support."     She also asked the court to "authorize the

Department the ability to allow her to live on campus if she is accepted into an

approved educational program."        C.A. planned to attend Washington State

University (WSU) beginning in fall 2013. C.A. argued in her motion,

      Should her case be dismissed at her 18th birthday, she would be
      deemed ineligible for ongoing supports due to the entry of an
      agreement not anticipated when it was signed in 2008. [C.A.] will
      find herself without necessary resources and programs for her to
      complete high school and continue on to college. This was the very
      intent of the new legislation. It is clearly not in [C.A.j's best interest
      to deprive her of these resources simply because the law changed.

      home, licensed group care, or other suitable person placement.
      Provided:
               (1) A youth who is temporarily away from a foster care placement
      in:
               (a) A hospital;
               (b) A drug/alcohol treatment facility;
               (c) A mental health treatment facility; or
               (d) For less than thirty days in a county detention center is
      considered to be in foster care.
               (2) A youth who is temporarily away from his or her foster
      care placement without permission of the case worker or care giver,
      but who is expected to return to foster care within twenty days, is
      considered to be in foster care for purposes of determining initial
      eligibility.
               (3) A youth who is committed to juvenile rehabilitation
      administration custody and who resides in a foster home, group
      home, or community facility, as defined in RCW 74.15.020 (1)(a).
                                         -4-
NO. 70121-5-1/5

In a declaration attached to her motion, C.A. stated,

       I would like to be able to stay living with Angela because I love her
       and she means a lot to me. I know that if I were to attend college at
       WSU that I would be able to return to Angela's when school is not
       in session if I did not have a place of my own. I would like the
       guardianship to be terminated and have my current caregiver be
       approved as a suitable adult or foster parent so that I can continue
       to have a place to live while I finish my education, even if I do go
       away for school. Angie has provided me with a loving and stable
       environment and supports my desire to further my education.

       On February 5, 2013, a court commissioner granted C.A.'s motion and

ordered that C.A. "shall remain placed in foster care with her current caregiver as

a suitable adult placement with Angela Pitts Long." The commissioner found

"that the change in laws since this agreed order of guardianship was entered

created a substantial change that could not have been anticipated by the

parties."

       On March 19, 2013, the superior court granted the Department's motion to

revise the commissioner's ruling. The superior court's order states,

       1. A change in the law that was enacted subsequent [to] the
          establishment of the dependency guardianship in this case,
          which now provides licensed foster parents to continue getting
          paid for the care of foster children after the youth's 18th birthday
          is not a substantial change in circumstances sufficient to
          terminate a dependency guardianship. Particularly in this case
          where the youth is fully integrated into her guardian's home and
          has lived there successfully since 2008 when the guardianship
            was established and continued without oversight by the court or
            [Department of Children and Family Services].

       2. The commissioner erred in terminating the dependency
          guardianship solely to circumvent WAC XXX-XX-XXXX that
                                         -5-
NO. 70121-5-1/6

           prohibits extended    foster    care for youth who are         in
           guardianships.

        On March 26, 2013, C.A. appealed this order. On March 29, the superior

court denied C.A.'s motion to stay its ruling pending her appeal.4

        On June 12, 2013, the Department moved to redesignate C.A.'s appeal as

a motion for discretionary review. A commissioner of this court referred the

Department's motion to the panel for determination under RAP 17.2(b).

                                    ANALYSIS

        We must first determine if the superior court's order is appealable under

RAP 2.2(a) or subject only to discretionary review under RAP 2.3(b). Because

we conclude that this order is not appealable as a matter of right, we must decide

if this case meets the grounds for discretionary review stated in RAP 2.3(b). We

grant the Department's motion to redesignate C.A.'s appeal as a notice for

discretionary review and decline review.

        We address first the Department's motion to redesignate this appeal. In in

re Dependency of Chubb,5 our Supreme Court held, "RAP 2.2(a) sets out the

types of proceedings in which a litigant may appeal as a matter of right. Failure

to mention a particular proceeding in RAP 2.2(a) indicates this court's intent that

the matter be reviewable solely under the discretionary review guidelines of RAP

2.3."   Appealable orders enumerated in RAP 2.2 include "[t]he disposition

        4 C.A. does not appeal the court's order denying a stay.
        5 112 Wn.2d 719, 721, 773 P.2d 851 (1989).
                                          -6-
NO. 70121-5-1/7

decision following a finding of dependency by a juvenile court."6 The court in

Chubb concluded that the only dependency disposition appealable as a matter of

right is disposition following a finding of dependency at the original fact-finding

hearing.7 C.A. does not appeal this decision.      This court reviews the court's

order granting revision of the commissioner's ruling solely under the discretionary

review standards of RAP 2.3.8

      C.A. argues, "Chubb was not so limiting as the [S]tate makes out." She

relies on language stating that an "appeal by right applies only to the disposition

decision following the finding of dependency or to a marked change in the status

quo, which in effect amounts to a new disposition."9 She contends that "the order

of revision re-instated the dependency guardianship and amounted to a new

disposition." But we rejected a similar argument in In re Dependency of MA,10

explaining,

       6 RAP 2.2(a)(5).
       7 Chubb, 112Wn.2dat722.
       8 See In re Dependency of R.V., 113 Wn. App. 716, 719, 54 P.3d 716
(2002) (discretionary review of a trial court order modifying a dependency
guardianship); see also In re Marriage of Greenlaw, 67 Wn. App. 755, 759, 840
P.2d 223 (1992) (trial court order granting a motion to revise a temporary custody
order is not an action to deprive the parent of all her parental rights under RAP
2.2(a)(6), a final judgment under RAP 2.2(a)(1), or a final order after judgment
under RAP 2.2(a)(13) and thus is reviewable only under RAP 2.3), rev'd on other
grounds, 123 Wn.2d 593, 869 P.2d 1024 (1994).
       9 Chubb, 112Wn.2dat725.
       10 66 Wn. App. 614, 620-21, 834 P.2d 627 (1992).
                                        -7-
NO. 70121-5-1/8

      [T]he language relied on by appellant is dicta and is immediately
      preceded by the court's discussion concluding that dependency
      review orders are interlocutory in character. Placing the language
      in the context of the entire Chubb opinion, we do not believe the
      court meant to allow an appeal by right for every dependency order
      in which the child's custody has been changed.

      Discretionary review is available only in the following circumstances:

              (1) The superior court has committed an obvious error which
      would render further proceedings useless;

             (2) The superior court has committed probable error and the
      decision of the superior court substantially alters the status quo or
      substantially limits the freedom of a party to act;

              (3) The superior court has so far departed from the accepted
      and usual course of judicial proceedings, or so far sanctioned such
      a departure by an inferior court or administrative agency, as to call
      for review by the appellate court; or

               (4) The superior court has certified, or all the parties to the
      litigation have stipulated, that the order involves a controlling
      question of law as to which there is substantial ground for a
      difference of opinion and that immediate review of the order may
      materially advance the ultimate termination of the litigation.^
C.A. fails to demonstrate any of these grounds.           In fact, by revising the

commissioner's ruling and thereby declining to terminate C.A.'s dependency

guardianship and extend juvenile court jurisdiction, the court maintained the

status quo.

      C.A. alleges, "The court erred in granting the State's motion for revision as

WAC 38[8]-25-0510 created a substantial change in circumstances such that

termination of the dependency guardianship was clearly in C.A.'s best interest."

       11 RAP 2.3(b).
                                        -8-
NO. 70121-5-1/9

RCW 13.34.233(2) permits a court to modify or terminate a guardianship "upon

the motion of any party ... if the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence

that there has been a substantial change of circumstances subsequent to the

establishment of the guardianship and that it is in the child's best interest to

modify or terminate the guardianship."

      C.A. presents no authority establishing that a mere change in the law can

create a "substantial change in circumstances subsequent to the establishment

of the guardianship" warranting termination of the guardianship, and she

presents no factual evidence showing a substantial change of circumstances.

Even if C.A. were eligible at any point for extended foster care services, she does

not show that she was at any point entitled to these services.

      C.A. alleges that the change at issue is her "exclusion from extended

foster care services altogether."     She supports her contention by citing a

declaration from Department social worker Oliver Pavek.          In his declaration,

Pavek stated,

       1. I am the social worker who would            be responsible for
          supervising [C.A.]'s dependency if the court granted a stay
          and the dependency remains in place. As a social worker, I
          would be required by [Department of Children and Family
          Services] policy to make health and safety visits to see [C.A.]
          every thirty days, and I would be required to prepare court
          reports and orders and attend review hearings, and permanency
          planning hearings, and otherwise monitor and supervise her
          care—none of which has been required or needed since the
          guardianship order was put in place in 2008. . . .

                                         -9-
NO. 70121-5-1/10

     2. I am not aware of any educational benefits that [C.A.] would be
        denied, or deemed ineligible for if she is not dependent and in
        extended foster care.. . . Because she was dependent and in
        foster care prior to her 18th birthday, she is still able to go to
        college with the same benefits, financial aid, and scholarships
        that she would be eligible for if she were in extended foster
        care. Some examples include the following: Passport, Tree
        House and the Governor's Scholarship to mention a few. The
        scholarships and financial aid for which she would be eligible
        could cover tuition and room and board.               Additionally,
        [Department of Children and Family Services] does not have
        separate funding available to it to pay for college tuition for
          those in extended foster care. . . .

     3. Additionally, since she was a foster child prior to her 18th
        birthday, she could still live in the dormitory at college,
        regardless of whether she is in extended foster care. In fact,
        having been a foster child before her 18th birthday, she has an
        easier chance of getting into a dormitory than if she had not
          been in foster care. . . .

     5. [C.A.] also has medical coverage until the age of 21 regardless
          of whether she is in extended foster care, so she will not be
          denied   medical    benefits.. . . She   would   also   have   dental
          coverage. And, if. . . the guardianship were not terminated, she
          could be eligible for medical insurance until age 26 depending
          on her guardian[']s medical insurance coverage.

     6.   ... [C.A] will be eligible to receive Social Security
          Administration benefits due to her mother passing away. Those
          benefits are not available to her if. .. she remains in extended
          foster care because that money will go instead to the state to
          reimburse for the cost of foster care.

     7. In short, other than foster care payments that her foster parent
        would receive, I am not aware of any special benefits or
        services that [C.A.] will only receive through extended foster
          care.

                                        -10-
NO. 70121-5-1/11

      C.A. asserts, "The evidence relied upon by Mr. Plavek [sic] as support for

his beliefs as to the availability of programs for C.A. was based on an outdated

chart from May 2012 that predates the emergency WAC defining C.A. as outside

the realm of 'foster care.'"    C.A. attached this chart, entitled "Educational

Resources for Youth in Foster Care Through [the Department] in Washington

State or a Tribal Child Welfare Agency," to her reply in support of her original

motion. She referred to this chart as listing "the multitude of resources that were

available to her four months ago when she was still defined as a youth in care."

      The Department represented to the trial court that denying C.A.'s petition

would deprive her of access to three services. First, a social worker would not

perform health and safety visits.   Second, the court would not supervise and

monitor her dependency.      Third, Pitts-Long would no longer receive monthly

foster care payments.    But C.A. makes no claim that she needs the first two

services and in fact has not been receiving these services during the course of

her dependency guardianship. She also states that the payments to Pitts-Long

did not influence her desire to terminate the dependency guardianship.        C.A.

offers no evidence to rebut Pavek's statements about the programs and services

available to her if the court denied her petition. Because the Department made

these representations to the trial court and the court relied upon them in reaching

its decision, the Department concedes that it is bound by these representations.

                                       -11-
NO. 70121-5-1/12

Therefore, if C.A. remains in the dependency guardianship or if the court

terminates it, C.A. will have access to the same programs and services.

       We note that C.A.'s access to these programs and services does not

guarantee her entitlement to receive them. Their actual availability depends on

other factors, including funding.    Although C.A. is eligible to apply for certain

programs and services, such as educational benefits and the opportunity to live

in a college dormitory, a lack of resources prevents their availability to all

qualified applicants.

       Because C.A. offers no authority establishing that a change in the law

created a substantial change in circumstances and that terminating the

guardianship is in her best interest and she offers no factual evidence showing a

substantial change in circumstances, she fails to demonstrate any of the grounds

required by RAP 2.3(b). Therefore, we deny discretionary review.

                                    CONCLUSION

       Because C.A. did not appeal the disposition that resulted from a finding of

dependency at the original fact-finding hearing, we review the superior court's

order granting revision of the commissioner's ruling solely under the discretionary

review standards of RAP 2.3. Because C.A. shows no error, she fails to make

                                        -12-
NO. 70121-5-1/13

the showing required by RAP 2.3(b). We deny discretionary review and dismiss

her petition.

WE CONCUR:

                    h                        ^^edtfee, I

                                    -13-