Court Opinion

ID: 9931229
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-08 18:00:40.930683+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:17:56.772283
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

            UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                 FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                      ___________

                           No. 23-3169
                           ___________

                 IN RE: SHARIFF BUTLER,
                                      Petitioner
           ____________________________________

            On Petition for Writ of Mandamus from the
United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                  (Related to No. 4:23-cv-00859)
           ____________________________________

          Submitted Pursuant to Rule 21, Fed. R. App. P.
                      on January 25, 2024

      Before: BIBAS, MATEY, and CHUNG, Circuit Judges

                 (Opinion filed: February 8, 2024)
           ____________________________________
                                       ___________

                                        OPINION *
                                       ___________

PER CURIAM

       Shariff Butler, a Pennsylvania state prisoner, petitions this Court for a writ of man-

damus pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 21 and 28 U.S.C. § 1651 compel-

ling Judge Matthew W. Brann to recuse himself from presiding over Butler’s civil action

or directing, inter alia, that the matter be transferred to another venue. For the following

reasons, we will deny the petition.

       In May 2023, Butler filed an action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against various

prison officials and corrections officers, as well as the Pennsylvania Department of Labor

and Industry, challenging the conditions of confinement at SCI Huntingdon as violative

of his constitutional rights. The action, which stems from a fire that allegedly occurred at

the prison on January 9, 2021, maintains that the defendants have ignored “fire safety

hazards” that put Butler’s “life in immediate and imminent danger of death, or risk

thereof.” ECF No. 1 at 18.

       Butler filed a motion to recuse Judge Brann both for actual bias under 28 U.S.C.

§ 144 and for the appearance of partiality under 28 U.S.C. § 455. 1 In it, he noted that

*
  This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
1
  Under § 144, a defendant seeking recusal must file an affidavit which sufficiently shows
that the judge “has a personal bias or prejudice” against the defendant. Section 455(a)
provides that “[a]ny . . . judge . . . shall disqualify himself in any proceeding in which his
impartiality might reasonably be questioned.”
                                              2
Judge Brann had presided over a prior suit that Butler had filed which stemmed in part

from a fire that occurred at SCI Huntingdon in February 2019, see M.D. Pa. Civ. No.

4:19-cv-02171 (“2019 action”). During a deposition in that prior case, Butler was ques-

tioned about other fires at the prison, including the January 2021 fire; his responses were

made part of the record and cited by the defendants in their motion for summary judg-

ment, which was granted. Based on this, Butler argued that Judge Brann had “previous

personal knowledge of the disputed evidentiary facts concerning” the 2023 action and,

therefore, should recuse himself because of the appearance of bias. ECF No. 16 at 2-5.

In addition, Butler cited adverse rulings in the 2019 action as evidence of actual bias. See

id. At 5-8. The District Court denied the recusal motion, as well as a motion for recon-

sideration. Butler then filed this mandamus petition.

         Mandamus provides a “drastic remedy that a court should grant only in extraordi-

nary circumstances in response to an act amounting to a judicial usurpation of power.”

Hahnemann Univ. Hosp. v. Edgar, 74 F.3d 456, 461 (3d Cir. 1996) (citations and internal

quotation marks omitted). To justify the Court’s use of this extraordinary remedy, Butler

must show a clear and indisputable right to the writ and that he has no other adequate

means to obtain the relief desired. Haines v. Liggett Group Inc., 975 F.2d 81, 89 (3d Cir.

1992).

         To the extent that Butler sought recusal under 28 U.S.C. § 144, the District Court’s

decision to deny the motion “is reviewable only after final judgment,” and cannot be re-

viewed via a mandamus petition. In re Sch. Asbestos Litig., 977 F.2d 764, 776 (3d Cir.

1992) (citation omitted); see also In re Nwanze, 242 F.3d 521, 524 (3d Cir. 2001) (noting

                                              3
that, “[g]iven its drastic nature, a writ of mandamus should not be issued where relief

may be obtained through an ordinary appeal”). However, mandamus is a proper means to

obtain review of the denial of a recusal motion filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 455. Alex-

ander v. Primerica Holdings, Inc., 10 F.3d 155, 163 (3d Cir. 1993). Under § 455(a),

recusal is required when a “reasonable person, with knowledge of all the facts, would

conclude that the judge’s impartiality might reasonably be questioned.” In re Kensington

Int’l Ltd., 368 F.3d 289, 301 (3d Cir. 2004). We find that Judge Brann did not err by not

recusing himself here.

       Recusal was not required merely because Judge Brann presided over a prior case

involving some of the same evidence and ruled against Butler. “[O]pinions formed by

the judge on the basis of facts introduced or events occurring in the course of the current

proceedings, or of prior proceedings, do not constitute a basis for a bias or partiality mo-

tion unless they display a deep-seated favoritism or antagonism that would make fair

judgment impossible.” Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555 (1994). In support of

his bias claim, Butler points only to Judge Brann’s prior rulings. 2 But “[w]e have repeat-

edly stated that a party’s displeasure with legal rulings does not form an adequate basis

for recusal.” Securacomm Consulting, Inc. v. Securacom Inc., 224 F.3d 273, 278 (3d Cir.

2
  In his recusal motion, Butler cited Judge Brann’s prior rulings in the 2019 action as evi-
dence of bias. We note that his appeal from the District Court’s final judgment in that ac-
tion is pending. See C.A No. 23-1761. In his mandamus petition, he emphasizes Judge
Brann’s rulings in the 2023 action, which he may challenge on appeal after final judg-
ment in the case. See DPO, Inc. v. Merin, 972 F.2d 519, 523 (3d Cir. 1992) (noting that a
petitioner has an adequate alternative remedy where he may file an appeal).

                                              4
2000). Nor do these rulings demonstrate that the District Court exceeded its authority.

Because Butler has failed to point to any facts which would raise a question about Judge

Brann’s impartiality, recusal is not warranted. 3

       Based on the foregoing, we perceive no basis for granting mandamus relief, and,

therefore, we will deny Butler’s petition.

3
  Butler also seeks an order directing that the matter be transferred outside the Middle
District because Judge Brann is the Chief Judge there. Because he has failed to demon-
strate that Judge Brann’s impartiality might reasonably be questioned, he has not shown
an indisputable right to have the matter transferred.
                                              5