Court Opinion

ID: 4493921
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-01-22 15:07:57.053795+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:33:38.462384
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-4376-17T1

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

JUAN SOTO, a/k/a
JUAN RAMON SOTO,

     Defendant-Appellant.
___________________________

                    Submitted December 16, 2019 – Decided January 22, 2020

                    Before Judges Messano and Ostrer.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Mercer County, Indictment No. 96-10-1184.

                    Juan Soto, appellant pro se.

                    Angelo J. Onofri, Mercer County Prosecutor, attorney
                    for respondent (Laura Sunyak, Assistant Prosecutor, of
                    counsel and on the brief).

PER CURIAM
      In 1998, a jury acquitted defendant Juan Soto of knowing and purposeful

murder, N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3(a)(1) and (2), but convicted him of felony murder,

N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3(a)(3), and related crimes. State v. Soto, No. A-0770-98 (App.

Div. June 13, 2001) (slip op. at 1–2). After appropriate mergers, the trial judge

sentenced defendant to a term of life imprisonment with a thirty-year period of

parole ineligibility and imposed concurrent sentences on the other convictions.

Id. at 2. We reversed defendant's conviction for kidnapping but otherwise

affirmed his convictions and sentence. Id. at 12. The Supreme Court denied

defendant's petition for certification. 170 N.J. 209 (2001). We ultimately

affirmed the denial of defendant's petition for post-conviction relief. State v.

Soto, No. A-0378-08 (App. Div. Nov. 10, 2010).

      In May 2017, defendant filed a pro se motion to correct an illegal sentence.

He contended his sentence was illegal because the felony murder statute was

"unconstitutionally vague[,]" and, lacking sufficient guidelines, resulted in

"arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement." Defendant also contended that his

sentence was "unconstitutional because it [was] grossly disproportionate to the

unintended death for which he was convicted."          He argued his sentence

"constitute[d] cruel and unusual punishment."

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      Judge Anthony M. Massi, who was not the trial judge, denied defendant's

motion. In a written opinion that accompanied his order, Judge Massi first noted

that defendant's challenge to the legality of his sentence was not time-barred.

See R. 3:21-10(b)(5) (noting a court may at any time correct "a sentence not

authorized by law, including the Code of Criminal Justice"). The judge correctly

observed that the first step in reviewing a challenge to the constitutionality of a

statute is to examine whether it is overbroad. State v. Lee, 96 N.J. 156, 164–65

(1984); State v. Badr, 415 N.J. Super. 455, 468 (App. Div. 2010). "The standard

is not whether the law's meaning is sufficiently clear, but whether the reach of

the law extends too far in fulfilling the State's interest." Lee, 96 N.J. at 165

(citing Town Tobacconist v. Kimmelman, 94 N.J. 85, 125 n.21 (1983)). If a

statute is not overly broad, then the court must consider whether the statute is

so vague as to deny due process because it fails to give adequate notice and

warning of proscribed criminal or quasi-criminal conduct. State v. Hoffman,

149 N.J. 564, 581 (1997) (citing Screws v. United States, 325 U.S. 91, 101–02

(1945)).

      Reviewing our prior decision and its description of defendant's crimes, as

well as the elements of felony murder, Judge Massi rejected defendant's

arguments regarding the unconstitutionality of the felony murder statute. He

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wrote that "[d]efendant's crime falls precisely within the conduct proscribed by

N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3, and contrary to [d]efendant's assertion[,] the statute does

provide a clear guide as to the potential sentence that could result from the

violation[.]"

      Defendant reiterates essentially the same arguments before us. We agree

with Judge Massi's analysis and affirm his order substantially for the same

reasons expressed in his written opinion. We add only the following.

      Judge Massi did not address defendant's argument that the felony murder

statute violates constitutional prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment

because it permits imposition of a life sentence, even though the actor did not

engage in conduct that caused the victim's death. See N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3(a)(3)

(defining felony murder as "criminal homicide . . . committed when the actor

. . . engaged in the commission of" certain underlying offenses and "any person

causes the death of a person other than one of the participants") (emphasis

added). We rejected a similar argument more than thirty years ago. See State

v. Johnson, 206 N.J. Super. 341, 343–44 (App. Div. 1985) (rejecting

constitutional claim that thirty-year mandatory minimum sentence for felony

murder was cruel and unusual punishment). We conclude this argument, and

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                                       4
any others we have not specifically addressed, lack sufficient merit to warrant

further discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(2).

      Affirmed.

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