Court Opinion

ID: 857460
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-04-08 15:31:49.441+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:18:27.038919
License: Public Domain

NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.

  United States Court of Appeals
      for the Federal Circuit
                ______________________

                 CHIKEZIE OTTAH,
                  Plaintiff-Appellant,

                           v.

              VERIFONE SYSTEMS, INC.,
                  Defendant-Appellee.
                ______________________

                      2013-1106
                ______________________

    Appeal from the United States District Court for the
Southern District of New York in No. 11-CV-6187, Judge
Richard M. Berman.
                ______________________

                Decided: April 8, 2013
                ______________________

   CHIKEZIE OTTAH, of Elmont, New York, pro se.

    OWEN W. DUKELOW, Kolisch Hartwell, P.C., of Port-
land, Oregon, for defendant-appellee.
                  ______________________

   Before DYK, MAYER, and O’MALLEY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
2                  CHIKEZIE OTTAH   v. VERIFONE SYSTEMS, INC.
    Chikezie Ottah appeals from a decision of the United
States District Court for the Southern District of New
York. The district court granted summary judgment of
non-infringement to Verifone Systems, Inc. (“Verifone”)
with respect to U.S. Patent Number 7,152,840 (“the ’840
Patent”). For the following reasons, we affirm.
                       BACKGROUND
     This case concerns the ’840 Patent, which is owned by
Ottah and is titled “Book Holder.” The specification
describes the invention as “a removable book holder
assembly for use by a person in a protective or mobile
structure such as a car seat, wheelchair, walker, or
stroller.” ’840 Patent col. 1 ll. 6-9. Ottah argues that
Verifone’s mounts for electronic display screens, used in
New York City taxi cabs, infringe the ’840 patent both
literally and under the doctrine of equivalents.
    The ’840 Patent only contains one claim, which reads:
        1. A book holder for removable attachment,
    the book holder comprising:
        a book support platform, the book support
    platform comprising a front surface, a rear surface
    and a plurality of clamps, the front surface
    adapted for supporting a book, the plurality of
    clamps disposed on the front surface to engage
    and retain the book to the book support platform,
    the rear surface separated from the front surface;
        a clasp comprising a clip head, a clip body and
    a pair of resilient clip arms, the clip arms adjust-
    ably mounted on the clip head, the clip head at-
    tached to the clip body; and
        an arm comprising a first end and a second
    end and a telescoping arrangement, the clasp on
    the first end, the second end pivotally attached to
    the book support platform, the telescoping ar-
 CHIKEZIE OTTAH   v. VERIFONE SYSTEMS, INC.                3
    rangement interconnecting the first end to[] the
    second end, the clasp spaced from the book sup-
    port platform wherein the book holder is remova-
    bly attached and adjusted to a reading position by
    the telescoping arrangement axially adjusting the
    spaced relation between the book support plat-
    form and the clasp and the pivotal connection on
    the book support platform pivotally adjusting the
    front surface with respect to the arm.
’840 Patent col. 6 ll.14-38 (emphasis added).
    The district court granted summary judgment of non-
infringement to Verifone as to both literal infringement
and infringement under the doctrine of equivalents. With
regard to literal infringement, it noted that several of the
limitations of the ’840 patent were not met by Verifone
mounts, “including ‘[a] book holder for removable attach-
ment’” and “‘[a] clasp spaced from the book support plat-
form wherein the book is removably attached.’” Ottah v.
VeriFone Sys. Inc., No. 1:11-cv-06187, slip op. at 4
(S.D.N.Y. Oct. 10, 2012) (alterations in the original). It
explained (and it is undisputed) that Verifone’s mounts
are “riveted in place to the taxi’s partition or seat” and are
not of the removable nature described by the claim. Id.
(quotation marks omitted).
    As for the doctrine of equivalents, the district court
explained that Ottah’s claim was barred by prosecution
history estoppel. This is because, after the patent examin-
er initially rejected the ’840 patent on anticipation (and
various other) grounds on March 24, 2005, Ottah nar-
rowed his claim and argued to the patent examiner that
the patent was neither anticipated nor obvious because
“the use of adjustable, resilient clip arms on the clasp for
clasping the book holder to the movable vehicle providing
quick removal without tools . . . is not obvious in light of
the prior art.” Ottah Reply to Office Action (July 25,
2005), at 13. Thus, “because Ottah previously argued that
4                  CHIKEZIE OTTAH   v. VERIFONE SYSTEMS, INC.
the defining characteristic of his book holder [wa]s its
‘quick removal and attachment without tools,’” the district
court held that he could not “claim that the permanent
rivet attachments of the VeriFone mounts are ‘equivalent’
to the limitations described in the ’840 Patent.” Ottah, No.
1:11-cv-06187, slip op. at 6 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 10, 2012).
    Ottah timely appealed. We have jurisdiction pursuant
to 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1).
                       DISCUSSION
    “This court reviews a district court’s grant of sum-
mary judgment of non-infringement without deference.”
Computer Docking Station Corp. v. Dell, Inc., 519 F.3d
1366, 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (citing O2 Micro Int’l Ltd. v.
Monolithic Power Sys., Inc., 467 F.3d 1355, 1369 (Fed.
Cir. 2006)). This de novo review requires two steps: claim
construction and infringement. See id.
     Here, on claim construction, the district court proper-
ly determined that “the ’840 Patent’s sole claim consists of
commonly understood words, such as ‘a book holder,’ ‘for
removable attachment,’ ‘a clasp,’ and ‘an arm.’” Ottah, No.
1:11-cv-06187, slip op. at 3 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 10, 2012). Thus,
it was appropriate for the district court to apply these
terms’ “widely accepted meaning[s].” Philips v. AWH
Corp., 415 F.3d 1303, 1314 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (en banc). We
see no error in the district court’s determination. “[T]he
claims define the scope of [the] invention,” Alloc, Inc. v.
Int’l Trade Comm’n, 342 F.3d 1361, 1368 (Fed. Cir. 2003),
and the claim here is clear on its face. Several claim
limitations of claim 1 of the ’840 patent (such as the
“removably attached” limitation quoted above) require
that the book holder have a removable mounting. Contra-
ry to Ottah’s argument, nothing in the specification
suggests that the claim language should be interpreted in
a way at variance with its ordinary meaning.
 CHIKEZIE OTTAH   v. VERIFONE SYSTEMS, INC.             5
    On infringement, the district court’s analysis was cor-
rect both with respect to literal infringement and in-
fringement under the doctrine of equivalents. It is
undisputed that the accused Verifone mounts are riveted
in place and cannot be removed without tools. This fore-
closes a finding of literal infringement.
    During prosecution, in response to a prior art rejec-
tion, Ottah emphasized that the patentability of the ’840
patent’s claim was based on the removable nature of the
mount. He cannot now, under the doctrine of equivalents,
seek to broaden the scope of his claim to include mounts
that are fixed as well as those that are removable. See
Duramed Pharm., Inc. v. Paddock Labs., Inc., 644 F.3d
1376, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (“[T]he doctrine of prosecution
history estoppel prevents a patent owner from recaptur-
ing through the doctrine of equivalents subject matter
surrendered to acquire the patent.”). Ottah cannot prevail
under the doctrine of equivalents.
                        AFFIRMED