Court Opinion

ID: 216687
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2011-05-13 16:31:40+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:28:29.510333
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                        FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                             ___________

                                 No. 10-3705
                                 ___________

                              YONGZHAO LIU,
                                                 Petitioner

                                       v.

             ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
                                           Respondent

                  ____________________________________

                   On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals
                           (Agency No. A95 872 608)
              Immigration Judge: Honorable Charles M. Honeyman
                 ____________________________________

                Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                May 2, 2011

     Before: RENDELL, JORDAN and VAN ANTWERPEN, Circuit Judges

                         (Opinion filed: May 13, 2011)
                                ___________

                                  OPINION
                                 ___________

PER CURIAM

    Yongzhao Liu seeks review of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

                                       1
(“BIA”) denying his motion to reopen his removal proceedings. 1 For the reasons that

follow, we will deny the petition for review.

       Liu is citizen of China who arrived in the United States in 2002. Shortly

thereafter, he filed an application for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection

under the United Nations Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). He alleged that his wife

underwent two forced abortions and that he left China because he feared that he would be

sterilized for violating the country’s one-child policy. In 2004, an Immigration Judge

(“IJ”) denied the application, concluding that Liu had not met his burden of proof. The

BIA affirmed without opinion, and we denied Liu’s petition for review. Liu v. Att’y

Gen., C.A. No. 06-1958, 236 F. App’x 744 (3d Cir. June 11, 2007).

       In August 2007, Liu filed a motion to reopen, claiming that his attorney provided

ineffective assistance of counsel and asserting that country conditions in China had

changed. The BIA denied the motion, concluding that it was untimely and that Liu had

not satisfied the requirements stated in Matter of Lozada, 19 I. & N. Dec. 637 (BIA

1988), for presenting an ineffective assistance of counsel claim. Liu filed a petition for

review, which we denied in part and granted in part. Liu v. Att’y Gen., C.A. No. 07-

4798, 296 F. Appx. 253 (3d Cir. Oct. 10, 2008). In particular, we held that the motion to

reopen was untimely, that Liu was not entitled to equitable tolling, and that he did not

make any effort to comply with any of the procedural requirements stated in Lozada. But

       1
        Throughout the immigration proceedings, the petitioner’s name has also
appeared as “Yong Zhao,” “Youngzhao,” and “Yougzhao.”
                                                2
because there was no indication that the BIA had considered whether Liu satisfied the

conditions for reopening based on changed country conditions, we remanded the matter

to the BIA. Liu, 296 F. Appx. 253, at 256. On remand, the Board held that Liu’s

evidence was insufficient to establish a change in country conditions so as to create an

exception to the time limitation for filing a motion to reopen. Liu did not file a petition

for review of the Board’s decision.

       Liu filed a second motion to reopen in January 2010, seeking to submit a

“successive asylum application . . . because of changed country conditions and changed

personal circumstances.” This time Liu alleged that he feared persecution based on his

participation in pro-democracy political groups in the United States, such as the China

Democracy Party (“CDP”) and the Federation for a Democratic Party (“FDC”). He also

claimed that Chinese authorities visited his wife and warned her that Liu had to stop his

political activities. Liu further asserted that “[c]onditions in China have changed greatly

regarding the ability to propagate any ideas dissenting from the official one-party line on

the Internet or traditional media since [he] was denied asylum.” To support the allegedly

changed country conditions, Liu submitted State Department reports, news articles

describing CDP members who had been arrested upon their return to China, and an

affidavit from a friend in China surmising that Liu will be persecuted if he returns

because of the government’s increased suppression of political dissent.

       On August 18, 2010, the BIA denied the motion to reopen, holding that it was

time- and number-barred and that Liu did not qualify for the exception from those
                                              3
requirements based on changed circumstances arising in China. 8 C.F.R.

§ 1003.2(c)(3)(ii). The Board concluded that Liu’s involvement in pro-democracy

organizations constituted a change in personal circumstances and not changed country

conditions, that he failed to establish that the Chinese government was aware of his

political activities in the United States, and that he had not demonstrated a relevant

change in country conditions based on China’s treatment of returnees who participated in

pro-democracy activities. Liu filed a timely petition for review of the BIA’s decision.

       We have jurisdiction pursuant to Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”) § 242

[8 U.S.C. § 1252]. We review the denial of a motion to reopen for an abuse of discretion.

Filja v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 241, 251 (3d Cir. 2006). Under this standard, we may reverse

the BIA’s decision only if it is “arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to law.” Sevoian v.

Ashcroft, 290 F.3d 166, 174 (3d Cir. 2002). An alien generally may file only one motion

to reopen, and must file the motion with the BIA “no later than 90 days after the date on

which the final administrative decision was rendered.” 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). The

time and number requirements do not apply to motions that rely on evidence of “changed

country conditions,” INA § 240(c)(7)(C)(ii) [8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii)], or “changed

circumstances arising in the country of nationality . . . if such evidence is material and

was not available and could not have been discovered or presented at the previous

hearing.” 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii). The term “previous hearing” in

§ 1003.2(c)(3)(ii) refers to the proceedings before the IJ. Filja, 447 F.3d at 252.

       Liu does not dispute that the BIA correctly determined that the motion to reopen
                                              4
was untimely and number-barred. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). In addition, the BIA

correctly held that Liu’s alleged membership in pro-democracy political groups in the

United States is a change in his personal circumstance, not a change in country conditions

that would support reopening. See Liu v. Att’y Gen., 555 F.3d 145, 150-51 (3d Cir.

2009); see also Liu v. Holder, 560 F.3d 485, 492 (6th Cir. 2009) (holding that

“membership and participation in the CDP and its activities in the United States . . .

demonstrated a change in [Petitioner’s] personal circumstances but did not demonstrate

changed country conditions in China.”). Liu maintains, however, that the BIA “abused

its discretion because it did not explicitly consider all of the evidence of changed country

conditions.” We disagree.

       The BIA is required to “actually consider the evidence and argument that a party

presents.” Zheng v. Att’y Gen., 549 F.3d 260, 266 (3d Cir. 2008) (quoting Abdulai v.

Ashcroft, 239 F.3d 542, 549 (3d Cir.2001)). Indeed, “the BIA abuses its discretion if it

fails completely to address evidence of changed country circumstances offered by a

petitioner.” Id. at 268 (quoting Wang v. BIA, 437 F.3d 270, 275 (2d Cir. 2006)). Here,

the Board specifically identified the evidence that Liu submitted in support of his claim,

including evidence of changed country conditions that “materially bears on his claim.”

Poradisova v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 70, 81 (2d Cir. 2005). In particular, the BIA noted

Liu’s submission of “various county reports that address the government’s crackdown on

political opponents in China,” the statement from Liu’s friend describing “more and more

severe” government suppression, and other “evidence of county conditions in China,”
                                             5
which included news articles about the arrests of two CDP members. After considering

this evidence, the Board held that Liu had not demonstrated a relevant change in country

conditions in China. Under the circumstances, we conclude that the BIA adequately

considered the materials submitted by Liu in support of his claim of changed

circumstances.

       We also agree that Liu’s evidence did not establish changed country conditions in

China sufficient to warrant reopening. Liu’s changed country conditions argument relied

primarily on excerpts from State Department Country Reports, which described

harassment, detention, and imprisonment of those perceived to be a threat to the Chinese

government. Those Reports, however, do not demonstrate a material change in the

treatment of members of pro-democracy political groups since the 2004 proceedings

before the IJ. For instance, the 2007 Report states that individuals “who participate in

high-profile pro-democracy activities in the United States still run the risk of arrest and

imprisonment should they return to China.” (emphasis added). Notably, the 2004 State

Department Profile of Asylum Claims, which was submitted in connection with Liu’s

initial asylum proceedings, indicates that political dissenters generally, and CDP

members specifically, faced repression by the Chinese government. Although Liu quotes

portions of the more recent State Department reports that refer to “increased” harassment,

detention, and censorship, those alleged changes pertain generally to the treatment of the

press and those perceived as threats to government authority, not to members of pro-

democracy groups specifically.
                                              6
       Liu also relied on affidavits from his nephew and a friend which suggested that

Liu would face persecution in China based on his political activism. Liu’s nephew

claimed that Chinese authorities “asked [Liu’s wife] to inform [him] to quit the FDC . . .

immediately” and “threatened . . . that if [Liu] returned, he must report to the . . . [p]olice

[s]tation . . . and accept investigation and punishment.” Liu’s friend claimed that because

“in recent years the Chinese government’s suppression on democratic movements

became more and more severe,” Liu “will definitely be persecuted” if he returns to China.

These affidavits provide, at most, anecdotal evidence of China’s long-standing policy of

prohibiting political dissent. Accordingly, we agree that the affidavits do not sufficiently

demonstrate a change in country conditions. 2

       In sum, because the BIA properly concluded that Liu did not satisfy the exception

to the time limitation for filing a motion to reopen based changed country conditions, we

will deny the petition for review.

       2
         Because Liu failed to establish that reopening was warranted, we reject any
assertion that he is entitled to file a successive asylum application pursuant to INA
§ 208(a)(2)(D) [8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(D)] or to pursue relief under the CAT. Liu, 555
F.3d at 150 (explaining that “8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(D) allows successive asylum
applications only within the 90-day reopening period for orders denying asylum unless
the alien can show changed country conditions on the required accompanying motion to
reopen.”).
                                               7