Court Opinion

ID: 4052253
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-29 01:57:27.224712+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:30:42.204126
License: Public Domain

ACCEPTED
                                                                                14-14-00478-CV
                                                                  FOURTEENTH COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                              HOUSTON, TEXAS
                                                                          3/12/2015 11:14:57 AM
                                                                            CHRISTOPHER PRINE
                                                                                         CLERK

                          No. 14-14-00478-CV

                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS          FILED IN
                                            14th COURT OF APPEALS
           FOR THE FOURTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXASHOUSTON, TEXAS
                                                         3/12/2015 11:14:57 AM
                                                         CHRISTOPHER A. PRINE
          Brazos Presbyterian Homes, Inc. d/b/a The   Hallmark Clerk
                                       Appellant,

                                  vs.

         August Schumacher Lander, as Independent Executor
              of the Estate of Betty S. Lander, Deceased
                                         Appellee.

On Appeal from the 152nd Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas
                        Cause No. 2013-38394

              APPELLEE’S MOTION FOR REHEARING

                           DOW GOLUB REMELS & BEVERLY, LLP

                           By:   Sanford L. Dow
                                 State Bar No. 00787392
                                 dow@dowgolub.com
                                 Stephanie A. Hamm
                                 State Bar No. 24069841
                                 sahamm@dowgolub.com
                                 9 Greenway Plaza, Suite 500
                                 Houston, Texas 77046
                                 Telephone: (713) 526-3700
                                 Facsimile: (713) 526-3750

                           ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE AUGUST
                           SCHUMACHER LANDER, as Independent
                           Executor of the Estate of Betty S. Lander,
                           Deceased
       Appellee, August Schumacher Lander, as Independent Executor of the Estate

of Betty S. Lander, Deceased (the “Estate”), files this Motion for Rehearing of the

Court’s February 10, 2015 Majority Memorandum Opinion (the “Opinion”)1 and

Justice Boyce’s Concurring Memorandum Opinion (the “Concurring Opinion”)2:

                              ARGUMENT ON REHEARING

       At issue in this appeal is whether Chapter 74 of the Texas Civil Practice and

Remedies Code (the “Texas Medical Liability Act”) applies to the Estate’s claims

against Brazos Presbyterian Homes, Inc. d/b/a The Hallmark, a nursing home, for

negligently hiring, supervising, and training its valet drivers. The Court concluded

that it does. The Estate asks the Court to reconsider its ruling.

       The Texas Medical Liability Act and its predecessor, the Medical Liability

and Insurance Improvement Act, were implemented to reduce the number of

frivolous lawsuits being filed against health care providers.3 The Texas Medical

Liability Act primarily achieves its intended purpose by requiring that the plaintiff,

within 120 days of filing suit, produce an expert report from a qualified physician

       1
           Attached as Exhibit 1.
       2
           Attached as Exhibit 2.
       3
        See Michael S. Hull et al., House Bill 4 and Proposition 12: An Analysis with Legislative
History, Part Three, 36 TEX. TECH L. REV. 169, 218–19 (2005); Jonathan D. Nowlin, Scalpel,
Please: Why the Definition of “Health Care Liability Claim” in Chapter 74 of the Civil Practice
and Remedies Code is Not as Clean-Cut as it Could Be, 43 TEX. TECH L. REV. 1247, 1250–57
(2011).

                                              -2-
“that provides a fair summary of the expert’s opinions . . . regarding applicable

standards of care, the manner in which the care rendered by the physician or health

care provider failed to meet the standards, and the causal relationship between that

failure and the injury, harm, or damages claimed.”4 See In re Woman’s Hosp. of

Tex., Inc., 141 S.W.3d 144, 147 (Tex. 2004) (Owen, J., concurring in part and

dissenting in part) (“The obvious intent of this statutory provision was to stop suits

that had no merit from proceeding through the courts. The Legislature’s hope was,

and is, that this would reduce waste of the parties’, the courts’, and the insurers’ time

and money, which would favorably impact the cost of insurance to health care

providers and thus the cost and availability of health care to patients.”). Failure to

serve a compliant expert report within the limited time frame requires not only that

the plaintiff’s claims be dismissed with prejudice, but also that the defendant be

awarded its costs.5

      This Court has now held that the Estate’s claims against The Hallmark for

negligently hiring, supervising, and training its independent valet drivers should be

dismissed with prejudice under the Texas Medical Liability Act because the Estate

did not timely serve an expert report. Opinion, pp. 6–7. But the Estate’s claims have

      4
          TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.351(r)(6).
      5
          TEX. CIV. PRAC, & REM. CODE § 74.341(b).

                                             -3-
absolutely nothing to do with “medical malpractice,” “health care,” or any “accepted

standards of health care,” save and except the fortuitous fact that Betty S. Lander

happened to be standing outside of a health care provider’s building when she was

injured by a negligent valet driver. There is no question that had Mrs. Lander been

standing outside of a restaurant or hotel, she would not be required—as a prerequisite

to pursuing her claims—to have a “qualified physician” expert opine on the relevant

standard of care for hiring, supervising, and training independent contractors who

provide valet services.

I.     THE COURT’S INTERPRETATION OF “HEALTH CARE LIABILITY CLAIM” IS
       BROADER THAN WILLIAMS AND LEADS TO ABSURD RESULTS BECAUSE
       SAFETY CLAIMS WHOLLY UNRELATED TO THE PROVISION OF HEALTHCARE
       DO NOT REQUIRE MEDICAL EXPERT TESTIMONY.

       In Texas West Oaks Hosp., L.P. v. Williams, 371 S.W.3d 171 (Tex. 2012)—

the case that this Court relies upon in support of its expansive application of the

Texas Medical Liability Act to “safety claims”6—the Texas Supreme Court noted

that an important consideration in distinguishing health care liability claims from

ordinary negligence claims is “[t]he necessity of expert testimony to support or

       6
         Although this Court has held that safety claims need not be directly or even indirectly
related to heath care, the Texas Supreme Court has stated, post-Williams, that “we fail to see how
the Legislature could have intended the requirement of an expert report to apply under
circumstances where the conduct of which the plaintiff complains is wholly and conclusively
inconsistent with, and thus separable from, the rendition of “medical care, or health care, or
safety or professional or administrative services directly related to health care” even though the
conduct occurred in a health care context. Loaisiga v. Cerda, 379 S.W.3d 248, 257 (Tex. 2012)
(emphasis added).

                                              -4-
refute the allegations at issue.” Williams, 371 S.W.3d at 182. Assuming the Texas

Medical Liability Act applies, it requires that an expert report provide a fair summary

of the expert’s opinions as of the date of the report regarding: (i) applicable standards

of care; (ii) the manner in which the care rendered by the health care provider failed

to meet the standard of care; and (iii) the causal relationship between that failure and

the injury, harm, or damages claimed. 7 An expert opinion regarding whether a

health care provider departed from accepted standards of health care or safety must

come from an expert qualified to testify under the requirements of Section 74.402.8

In a lawsuit involving a health care liability claim against a heath care provider, a

qualified expert must be:

      practicing health care. . . ha[ve] knowledge of accepted standards
      of care for . . . the diagnosis, care or treatment of the illness, injury, or
      condition involved . . . and [be] qualified on the basis of training or
      experience to offer an expert opinion regarding those accepted
      standards of health care.9

      To determine whether an expert is qualified on the basis of training or

experience, courts must consider whether, at the time the claim arose or at the time

the testimony is given, the expert (i) “is certified by a licensing agency of one or

more states of the United States or a national professional certifying agency, or has

      7
          TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.351(r)(6) (emphasis added).
      8
          TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.351(r)(5)(B).
      9
          TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.402(b)(1)–(3) (emphasis added).

                                             -5-
other substantial training or experience, in the area of health care relevant to the

claim;” and (ii) “is actively practicing health care services relevant to the

claim.”10

      Further, in a lawsuit involving a health care liability claim against a health

care provider, “a person may qualify as an expert witness on the issue of the causal

relationship between the alleged departure from accepted standards of care and the

injury, harm, or damages claimed only if the person is a physician and is otherwise

qualified to render opinions on that causal relationship under the Texas Rules of

Evidence.”11

      When considering the Texas Medical Liability Act as a whole, it is clear that

the Estate’s claims against The Hallmark for negligently hiring, supervising, and

training its independent valet drivers are not health care liability claims requiring

expert testimony from a “qualified physician” because there is no conceivable

qualified expert physician who could possibly provide an expert opinion regarding

“accepted standards of health care” for valet drivers. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.

CODE § 74.402(b)(1)–(3) (qualified expert must, among other requirements, be

“practicing health care . . . ha[ve] knowledge of accepted standards of care . . . and

[be] qualified on the basis of training or experience to offer an expert opinion

      10
           TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.402(c) (emphasis added).
      11
           TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.403(a) (emphasis added).

                                             -6-
regarding those accepted standards of health care.”) (emphasis added). What

accepted standards of health care are implicated by independent contractors who

park cars in the parking lot outside of a health care provider’s building? The answer

is “none.” Simply put, not only is there no connection, direct or indirect, between

the negligent conduct of The Hallmark (or its independent valet service) and the

provision of health care, there is simply no qualified medical expert who could opine

about any relevant accepted standard of health care—meaning that, under this

Court’s approach to safety claims, the Estate never could have pursued its claims

against The Hallmark because it never could have complied with the Texas Medical

Liability Act’s expert report requirement.

      As the Court it aware, it is precisely this absurd result that has led the majority

of intermediate appellate courts to hold that safety claims must have at least an

indirect nexus to health care in order to fall under the provisions of the Texas

Medical Liability Act. See Good Shepherd Med. Ctr.-Linden, Inc. v. Twilley, 422
S.W.3d 782, 789 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2013, pet. denied) (“[T]o require an expert

report in this case would amount to an exercise in futility . . . it would be terribly

difficult, if not impossible, to find a qualified expert under the statute who was also

competent to opine on the relevant accepted standards of care—OSHA ladder

construction and installation and walking surface standards.”); Williams v. Riverside

Gen. Hosp., Inc., 2014 WL 4259889, *8 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 28,

                                          -7-
2014, no pet. h.) (“It is improbable that Williams could locate a premises liability

expert who also practiced ‘health care in a field of practice that involves the same

type of care or treatment as that delivery by’ Riverside to opine on either claim.”);

Methodist Healthcare System of San Antonio, Ltd., LLP v. Dewey, 423 S.W.3d 516,

520 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2014, pet. filed) (“Dewey alleged breaches of

standards of ordinary care applicable to a visitor in a common area of the hospital, a

duty that is no different from the duties imposed on other businesses that allow

visitors to be present on their premises. Dewey’s claim does not implicate a standard

of care that requires medical or medical safety expert testimony to prove or refute

its merits, and therefore, it is not a [health care liability claim].”); Weatherford Tex.

Hosp. Co., L.L.C. v. Smart, 423 S.W.3d 462, 467 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2014, pet.

filed) (“[I]t would be impractical to assume that Smart could locate a premises

liability expert who also practiced health care in a field of practice that involves the

same type of care or treatment as that delivered by the health care provider.”);

Christus St. Elizabeth Hosp. v. Guillory, 415 S.W.3d 900, 903 (Tex. App.—

Beaumont 2013, pet. filed) (“While the need to have an expert report that articulates

a medical standard is not a litmus test in determining whether a claim is a health care

liability claim, Guillory will not need a physician or health care provider to create

jury issues on her claim that the hospital was negligent in failing to properly clean,

inspect, or light its hallway.”); Doctors Hosp. at Renaissance, Ltd. v. Mejia, 2013

                                          -8-
WL 4859592, *4 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Aug. 1, 2013, pet. filed) (“Mejia does

not need expert testimony to prove or refute the merits of her claims against DHR.

Thus, ‘safety’ claims like those pleaded by Mejia, which are completely unrelated

to health care, are excluded from the scope of the [Act].”).

      Moreover, shutting the courthouse doors on plaintiffs with these kinds of non-

healthcare-related safety claims is not a just and fair result—nor is it what was

intended by the Legislature. See Act of June 2, 20013, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 204, §

10.11(b)(1), (3), 2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 847, 884 (intent of legislation was to “reduce

excessive frequency and severity of health care liability claims through reasonable

improvements and modifications in the Texas insurance, tort, and medical practice

systems . . . in a manner that will not unduly restrict a claimant’s rights any

more than necessary to deal with the [medical liability insurance] crisis.”)

(emphasis added).

      The Estate therefore respectfully requests that the Court reconsider its

application of the Texas Medical Liability Act to the Estate’s claims against The

Hallmark for negligently hiring, supervising, and training its valet drivers.

II.   THE ESTATE’S CLAIMS AGAINST THE HALLMARK ARE NOT “GARDEN
      VARIETY” PREMISES LIABILITY CLAIMS AND ARE DISTINGUISHABLE FROM
      ROSS AND GALVAN.

      Although it is clear from the Opinion (and Justice Boyce’s Concurring

Opinion) that the Court intends to follow its prior holdings in Memorial Hermann

                                         -9-
Hospital System v. Galvan12 and Ross v. St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital13 unless and

until the Texas Supreme Court holds that safety claims must have at least some

indirect nexus to the provision of health care, the Estate’s claims are distinguishable

from those “garden-variety” premises liability cases.

      The plaintiff in Ross slipped and fell inside the hospital’s lobby because a man

was buffing the floor and it was therefore slippery. See 2013 WL 1136613 at *1 n.1.

Galvan similarly involved a plaintiff who, while visiting a relative who was a patient

at a hospital, slipped and fell on water in the hospital’s hallway. 434 S.W.3d at 178.

In other words, the plaintiffs in those cases were injured because unsafe conditions

existed on the defendant’s premises.

      This case is far removed from an ordinary slip-and-fall case. Mrs. Lander had

left The Hallmark and was simply attempting to get in her car to leave when an

independent contractor valet driver negligently failed to secure her vehicle, causing

it to move backwards and crush her right arm between the door of her car and a metal

pole supporting The Hallmark’s porte-cochère. She did not slip and fall on a slippery

floor, nor was she injured by any dangerous or unsafe condition physically existing

on The Hallmark’s premises. Rather, she was injured by the spontaneous, negligent

act of a third party who parks cars outside of the nursing home.

      12
           434 S.W.3d 176, 187 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. filed).
      13
           2013 WL 1136613 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] March 19, 2013, pet. granted).

                                              - 10 -
       The Estate therefore respectfully requests that the Court reconsider its

application of the Texas Medical Liability Act, as interpreted in Ross and Galvan,

to the Estate’s claims against The Hallmark for negligently hiring, supervising, and

training its valet drivers.

                              CONCLUSION AND PRAYER

       Appellee, August Schumacher Lander, as Independent Executor of the Estate

of Betty S. Lander, deceased, respectfully requests that the Court grant rehearing and

modify its opinion to affirm the trial court’s order denying Brazos Presbyterian

Homes, Inc. d/b/a The Hallmark’s motion to dismiss for failure to produce an expert

report.

                                  Respectfully submitted,

                                  DOW GOLUB REMELS & BEVERLY LLP

                                  /s/ Stephanie A. Hamm
                                  Sanford L. Dow
                                  State Bar No. 00787392
                                  dow@dowgolub.com
                                  Stephanie A. Hamm
                                  State Bar No. 24069841
                                  sahamm@dowgolub.com
                                  9 Greenway Plaza, Suite 500
                                  Houston, Texas 77046
                                  Telephone: (713) 526-3700
                                  Facsimile: (713) 526-3750

                                  ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE AUGUST
                                  SCHUMACHER LANDER, as Independent
                                  Executor of the Estate of Betty S. Lander,
                                  Deceased

                                         - 11 -
                         CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

       This is to certify that a true and correct copy of Appellee’s Brief has been
served on the following counsel of record in accordance with the Texas Rules of
Appellate Procedure on March 12, 2015, by electronic filing service, email, and/or
certified mail, return receipt requested:

      Joshua Anderson
      Chastiti Horne
      EBANKS HORNE ROTA MOOS LLP
      2777 Allen Parkway, Suite 1200
      Houston, Texas 77019

      Noel Anne Lewandos
      Law Office of Lori B. Wiese
      One East Greenway Plaza, Suite 1005
      Houston, Texas 77046

                                      /s/ Stephanie A. Hamm
                                      Stephanie A. Hamm

                                       - 12 -
EXHIBIT 1
Reversed and Remanded and Majority and Concurring Memorandum
Opinions filed February 10, 2015.

                                    In The

                   Fourteenth Court of Appeals

                             NO. 14-14-00478-CV

   BRAZOS PRESBYTERIAN HOMES, INC. D/B/A THE HALLMARK,
                        Appellant
                                       V.

AUGUST SCHUMACHER LANDER, AS INDEPENDENT EXECUTOR OF
    THE ESTATE OF BETTY S. LANDER, DECEASED, Appellee

                  On Appeal from the 152nd District Court
                           Harris County, Texas
                     Trial Court Cause No. 2013-65993

      MAJORITY MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Brazos Presbyterian Homes, Inc., d/b/a The Hallmark, a health care provider
under Section 74.001(a)(12) of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code,
appeals from the trial court’s interlocutory order denying The Hallmark’s motion
to dismiss because of appellee’s failure to file an expert report under Section
74.351.        See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 74.351. 1                        We hold that
appellee’s negligent hiring claim against The Hallmark is a health care liability
claim to which the Chapter 74 expert-report requirement applies. Consequently,
we must reverse and remand.

                                        I.      BACKGROUND

        The Hallmark is a retirement community in Houston.                             According to
appellee’s live petition, “One of the amenities that the Hallmark provides to its
residents and their guests is around-the-clock complimentary valet service.”
Appellee claimed that Betty Lander, now deceased, “was an invited guest at The
Hallmark . . . attending a holiday party for prospective residents.” A valet driver
parked her car. When she was leaving the facility, a valet driver retrieved her car
and exited the car while “Betty opened the rear left door so that she could place her
walking cane and purse in the back seat.” But the car began to move backwards,
and Betty’s right arm was crushed between the car door and a metal pole
supporting The Hallmark’s porte-cochere, resulting in bodily injury.

        Betty sued The Hallmark for gross negligence and the negligent hiring of the
valet company, 2 and appellee was substituted as the independent executor of
Betty’s estate. Appellee alleged that The Hallmark owed Betty a duty to “hire,
supervise, train and retain competent employees and independent contractors.”
Appellee claimed that The Hallmark breached this duty by “(a) failing to use
ordinary care in supervising the Valet Company; (b) failing to adequately monitor
and evaluate the work and services performed by the Valet Company; (c) failing to

        1
            All statutory references in this opinion are to the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies
Code.
        2
            Betty also sued the valet company, but it is not a party to this appeal.

                                                    2
use ordinary care in training the Valet Company, including regarding the safe
operation of vehicles; and (d) failing to hire a competent valet service.”

          The Hallmark filed a motion to dismiss appellee’s claim due to appellee’s
failure to file an expert report under Section 74.351. The trial court denied the
motion, and The Hallmark brings this interlocutory appeal.

                                   II.   ANALYSIS

          The sole issue in this appeal is whether appellee’s claim against The
Hallmark for negligent hiring, supervision, and training is a “health care liability
claim” subject to Chapter 74’s expert report requirement. The parties agree the
question of whether appellee’s claim is a health care liability claim under Chapter
74 is one of law, which we review de novo. See Mem’l Hermann Hosp. Sys. v.
Galvan, 434 S.W.3d 176, 179 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Jan. 28, 2014, pet.
filed).

          A health care liability claim is a “cause of action against a health care
provider or physician for treatment, lack of treatment, or other claimed departure
from accepted standards of medical care, or health care, or safety or professional or
administrative services directly related to health care.” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.
Code Ann. 74.001(13). In Texas West Oaks Hospital, L.P. v. Williams, the Texas
Supreme Court held that the phrase “directly related to health care” did not modify
the word “safety,” so a health care liability claim includes claims based on
“‘departure[s] from accepted standards of . . . safety.’” See 371 S.W.3d 171, 183
(Tex. 2012) (alteration and omission in original) (quoting Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.
Code Ann. 74.001(a)(13)). “Safety” is broadly defined as “the condition of being
‘untouched by danger; not exposed to danger; secure from danger, harm or loss.’”

                                          3
Id. at 184 (quoting Diversicare Gen. Partner, Inc. v. Rubio, 185 S.W.3d 842, 855
(Tex. 2005)).3

       Appellee contends that there must still be some “indirect” relationship to
health care, citing various courts of appeals decisions. However, this court has
held that a health care liability claim based on departures from accepted standards
of “safety” need not be directly or indirectly related to health care. Galvan, 434
S.W.3d at 184 (citing Williams, 371 S.W.3d at 183–86 (Tex. 2012); Ross v. St.
Luke’s Episcopal Hosp., No. 14-12-00885-CV, 2013 WL 1136613, at *1–2 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, pet. granted)). We are bound by this court’s
precedent. See CHCA W. Houston, L.P. v. Shelley, 438 S.W.3d 149, 154 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. filed). Because the Texas Supreme Court
and this court have already construed the statutory definition of a health care
liability claim to include “‘departure[s] from accepted standards of . . . safety,” see
Williams, 371 S.W.3d at 183, “we do not apply general canons of construction to
[the statute], as we would if there were no such higher-court authority.” Univ. of
Tex. Health Sci. Ctr. at Houston v. Crowder, 349 S.W.3d 640, 648 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, no pet.).

       3
           The Williams dissent argued that the majority’s holding about “safety” claims was “so
broad that almost any claim against a health care provider can now be deemed a health care
liability claim,” providing examples such as a cook leaving a gas burner turned on, or a nurse’s
deranged spouse shooting the nurse at a clinic. See 371 S.W.3d at 198–99 (Lehrmann, J.,
dissenting). The majority’s response to the dissent merely reiterated that the court was bound by
the plain meaning of the statute and the canons of statutory construction: “our construction of
‘safety’ prevents the term from becoming meaningless surplusage, subsumed into claims based
on departures from accepted standards of ‘health care.’” Id. at 191–92 (majority op.).

                                               4
      Appellee claims that The Hallmark, in providing a service to residents and
prospective residents, failed “to use ordinary care in training the Valet Company,
including regarding the safe operation of vehicles,” among other allegations of
negligent hiring, training, and supervision.       These allegations concern The
Hallmark’s failure to make prospective residents such as Betty “untouched by
danger; not exposed to danger; secure from danger, harm or loss.” See Williams,
371 S.W.3d at 184 (quotation omitted). Accordingly, appellee’s claim is based on
a “departure from accepted standards of . . . safety,” and is a health care liability
claim. See id. at 183 (quotation omitted).

      Appellee contends that the Texas Supreme Court’s post-Williams decision in
Loaisiga v. Carter requires a different result because the court held that the expert
report requirement should not apply when the claim is “wholly and conclusively
inconsistent with, and thus separable from, the rendition of ‘medical care, or health
care, or safety or professional or administrative services directly related to health
care.’” 379 S.W.3d 248, 257 (Tex. 2012) (holding that a claim for assault was not
a health care liability claim). We rejected this argument in Galvan. See 434
S.W.3d at 185–86 (“The high court did not purport to abrogate in any way its
recent opinion in Williams.”). The Loaisiga court explained that “a claim is not a
health care liability claim if, as a matter of law, the claim does not concern . . . a
departure from accepted standards of safety.” Id. at 185. The record does not
reveal, as a matter of law, that appellee’s claim does not concern a departure from
accepted standards of safety.

                                          5
      Nor are we persuaded by appellee’s argument that this case does not concern
a “departure from accepted standards of safety” merely because (1) Betty was
injured “outside” of The Hallmark; or (2) “Betty was injured by a non-healthcare
provider independent contractor.” Appellee cites no authority for the propositions
that the location of her physical injury or the existence of an independent-
contractor relationship are controlling of whether her claim is a health care liability
claim. Appellee’s efforts to distinguish her circumstances find no support in the
statutory text, as interpreted by Williams. Appellee’s claims against The Hallmark
concern negligent hiring, training, and supervision. That is, the departures from
accepted standards of safety concern The Hallmark’s conduct, not the valet
driver’s. The alleged departures from accepted standards of safety include, among
others, “training . . . regarding the safe operation of vehicles.” Consistent with
Williams and this court’s precedent, appellee’s claims are health care liability
claims.

      If a claimant such as appellee does not comply with the Chapter 74 expert-
report requirement, the trial court must dismiss the claim with prejudice and award
reasonable attorney’s fees and court costs to the healthcare provider. See Univ. of
Tex. Med. Branch v. Clarke, No. 14-13-00676-CV, 2014 WL 4262200, at *1 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Aug. 28, 2014, no pet.) (citing Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.
Code Ann. 74.351(b)).

      The Hallmark’s sole issue is sustained.

                                 III.   CONCLUSION

      We reverse the trial court’s order and remand with instructions to (1) dismiss
appellee’s claims with prejudice, (2) conduct further proceedings to determine the
amount of reasonable attorney’s fees that should be awarded to The Hallmark, and

                                          6
(3) award The Hallmark reasonable attorney’s fees and court costs incurred by The
Hallmark. See Galvan, 434 S.W.3d at 187. 4

                                             /s/       Sharon McCally
                                                       Justice

Panel consists of Justices Boyce, McCally, and Brown. (Boyce, J., concurring).

       4
          Appellee contends that The Hallmark’s fee affidavit was insufficient to support an
award of attorney’s fees under the lodestar method, citing El Apple I, Ltd. v. Olivas, 370 S.W.3d
757 (Tex. 2012). Regardless of whether The Hallmark’s affidavit was insufficient, the proper
resolution is to remand for a determination of fees. See id. at 765; see also Garcia v. Gomez, 319
S.W.3d 638, 643–44 (Tex. 2010).

                                                   7
EXHIBIT 2
Reversed and Remanded and Majority and Concurring Memorandum
Opinions filed February 10, 2015.

                                    In The

                   Fourteenth Court of Appeals

                             NO. 14-14-00478-CV

   BRAZOS PRESBYTERIAN HOMES, INC. D/B/A THE HALLMARK,
                        Appellant
                                      V.

AUGUST SCHUMACHER LANDER, AS INDEPENDENT EXECUTOR OF
    THE ESTATE OF BETTY S. LANDER, DECEASED, Appellee

                  On Appeal from the 152nd District Court
                           Harris County, Texas
                     Trial Court Cause No. 2013-65993

   CONCURRING MEMORANDUM                                    OPINION
      I concur for the reasons set forth in Memorial Hermann Hospital System v.
Galvan, 434 S.W.3d 176, 187 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. filed)
(Boyce, J., concurring). This court’s disposition of the claims asserted against
Brazos Presbyterian Homes, Inc. is dictated by Ross v. St. Luke’s Episcopal
Hospital, No. 14-12-00885-CV, 2013 WL 1136613, at *1-2 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] Mar. 19, 2013, pet. granted), and Galvan, 434 S.W.3d at 187. Pending
the Texas Supreme Court’s forthcoming decision in Ross, this court is bound by its
prior decisions regarding the reach of a “[h]ealth care liability claim” under Tex.
Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann §74.001(a)(13) (Vernon Supp. 2014).

                                      /s/       William J. Boyce
                                                Justice

Panel consists of Justices Boyce, McCally, and Brown (McCally, J.,
majority).

                                            2