Court Opinion

ID: 9353856
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-01-12 22:06:48.659375+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:12:08.994844
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Graves,
2023-Ohio-84.]
                           COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                          EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                             COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

STATE OF OHIO,                               :

                 Plaintiff-Appellee,         :
                                                              No. 111348
                 v.                          :

KENNETH B. GRAVES,                           :

                 Defendant-Appellant.        :

                            JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

                 JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
                 RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: January 12, 2023

         Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                            Case No. CR-21-660269-A

                                       Appearances:

                 Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
                 Attorney, and Debora Brewer, Assistant Prosecuting
                 Attorney, for appellee.

                 Cullen Sweeney, Cuyahoga County Public Defender, and
                 Francis Cavallo, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.

EMANUELLA D. GROVES, J.:

                 Defendant-appellant Kenneth Bernard Graves (“Graves”) appeals the

trial court’s imposition of an indefinite sentence pursuant to Am.Sub.S.B. 201, the
Reagan Tokes Law (“Reagan Tokes”). For the reasons set forth below, we affirm

Graves’ sentence.

                       Procedural and Factual History1

              On February 17, 2022, pursuant to a plea agreement with the state of

Ohio (the “State”), Graves pled guilty to rape in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(2), a

first-degree felony; attempted murder in violation of R.C. 2923.02 and 2903.02(A),

a first-degree felony; kidnapping in violation of R.C. 2905.01(A)(1), felonious assault

in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1); and gross sexual imposition in violation of R.C.

2905.07(A)(1), a fourth-degree felony. Three of the four counts to which Graves

entered guilty pleas are qualified offenses under the Reagan Tokes Law.2

              After Graves entered his guilty pleas, the trial court immediately

proceeded to sentencing. At the onset of the hearing, the State summarized the facts

supporting Graves’ convictions as follows:

      Your Honor, the victim in this case, * * * was a social worker, she was
      55 years old. And it so happened that on Friday, June 4th of 2021, she
      was called to Mr. Graves’ apartment because he was reported as being
      suicidal and she was instructed to perform a wellness check on him in
      his apartment unit, which was located at East 55th Street in Cleveland.

      When she went to his unit, Mr. Graves answered the door and almost
      immediately retreated deeper into his apartment unit, which forced
      [her] to follow him in and she tried to talk to him about what was going
      on and why he was suicidal that particular day.

      1 The appeal stems from a negotiated guilty plea, and Graves’ sole challenge is to
the constitutionality of the sentence imposed pursuant Reagan Tokes. Therefore, we will
not render a detailed recitation of the underlying facts.

      2 Under the Reagan Tokes Law, qualifying first- and second-degree felonies
committed on or after March 22, 2019, are subject to the imposition of indefinite
sentences.
      Quickly thereafter, Mr. Graves went to his kitchen and grabbed a paring
      knife and began, he approached [her], held that knife to her stomach,
      and grabbed her around the neck, placed the knife on her stomach, she
      still has a scar from superficial contact with the knife, and he threw her
      to the ground. He then proceeded to get on top of her, put his hand over
      her nose and mouth, and then punched her in the face.

      She tried to protect her face and held her hand over her face. So in the
      course of this assault, Your Honor, her hand was significantly damaged.
      She is still awaiting surgery on her thumb. She has sustained injury to
      her carotid arteries and reports that she will have to take a blood
      thinner for the remainder of her life because her risk of stroke is higher
      now.

      She suffered a broken occipital bone and other eye damage. And that’s
      just the physical assault, Your Honor, distinct from the sexual assault
      that occurred as well, in which the Defendant raped her digitally and
      then orally.

      After he was done sexually assaulting her, he saw how badly her eye
      was damaged and he gave her a pair of sunglasses, told her to wear the
      glasses and to keep this between the two of them, kissed her on the
      cheek and finally allowed her to leave his apartment.

             Relevant to this appeal, the trial court imposed indefinite consecutive

sentences of 11 years for rape in Count 1, and four years for attempted murder in

Count 3. The trial court advised Graves that the 15-year sentence could become 20

years and six months under the Reagan Tokes Law.

             Graves now appeals and assigns the following sole error for review:

                              Assignment of Error

      As amended by the Reagan Tokes Act, the Revised Code’s sentences for
      first-and second-degree qualifying felonies violate the Constitutions of
      the United States and the State of Ohio.
                                 Law and Analysis

               In the sole assignment of error, Graves argues that his indefinite

sentence imposed pursuant to the Reagan Tokes Law is unconstitutional because it

violates the right to trial by jury, the separation-of-powers doctrine, and the right to

due process.

               However, we need not dwell on the arguments presented. The Ohio

Supreme Court held in State v. Maddox, 168 Ohio St.3d 292, 2022-Ohio-764, 198

N.E.3d 797, that constitutional challenges to the Reagan Tokes Act are ripe for

review. Based on the authority established by this district’s en banc holding in State

v. Delvallie, 2022-Ohio-470, 185 N.E.3d 536 (8th Dist.), the challenges Graves

advanced against the constitutional validity of the Reagan Tokes Law have been

overruled. Id. at ¶ 17-54. Because Graves does not advance any novel argument left

unaddressed by Delvallie, we find the constitutional challenges presented herein are

without merit.

               Accordingly, we overrule the sole assignment of error.

               Judgment affirmed.

      It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

      The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the

common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

_________________________
EMANUELLA D. GROVES, JUDGE

MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, P.J., and
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR

N.B. Judge Emanuella D. Groves concurred with the opinions of Judge Lisa B.
Forbes (dissenting) and Judge Anita Laster Mays (concurring in part and dissenting
in part) in Delvallie and would have found the Reagan Tokes Law unconstitutional.

Judge Eileen T. Gallagher joined the dissent by Judge Lisa B. Forbes in Delvallie
and would have found that R.C. 2967.271(C) and (D) of the Reagan Tokes Law are
unconstitutional.