Court Opinion

ID: 5471804
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-09 20:41:50.140706+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:33:20.695902
License: Public Domain

Merwtn, J.
In tbe spring of 1882, defendant’s testator employed tbe plaintiff to work for him upon bis farm for one *251•year, from March 1, 1882, at the agreed price of $200. Plaintiff entered upon the employment, and in July, 1882, the defendant’s testator died. The plaintiff continued at -work upon the farm until March 1, 1883, but the defendant was not in possession. The question is, did the death of defendant’s testator terminate the contract?
In Chitty on Contracts (vol. 2 [11th Am. ed], 841, 842) it is laid down that in all cases of contracts between master and ser-vant, the death of either party dissolves the contract, unless there be a stipulation, express or implied, to the contrary.
The case of Farrar agt. Wilson (L. R., 4 C., 744) is cited to 'the proposition. There the plaintiff was employed as a farm baliff at weekly wages, the services to be determinable by six months’ notice or payment of six months’ wages. The employer idied and plaintiff brought suit for six months’ wages against the •administrators, they having dismissed the plaintiff. It was held ■the plaintiff could not recover, the court saying that where personal considerations are of the foundation of the contract, as dn cases of principal and agent, and master and servant, the death of either party puts an end to the relation; and in respect of services after the death, the contract is dissolved unless there be a stipulation express or implied to the contrary; that if the •servant had died, the master could not have compelled further performance, and the same rule would relieve the representatives of the master in case of his death, the ground being that of implied conditions.
By the death of the master the servant is discharged (2 Williams on Exrs. [6th Am. ed.], 890). In 2 Addison on Contracts ’ (sec. 901), it is stated generally that a contract of hiring and service is dissolved by the death of the master or servant, and the same is laid down in Woods, Master and Servant (sec. 158). In Dexter agt. Norton (47 N. Y., 65), it is said by Church, C. • J., that in any contract for personal services dependent upon the life of the individual making it, the contract is discharged upon the death of the party in. accordance with the condition of con‘.tinued existence raised by implications.
*252In Clark agt. Gilbert (26 N. Y., 279), and Fahy agt. North (19 Barb., 341), recoveries for'services were sustained in favoi of the employed by tbeir representatives, on tbe theory that death of the employed ended the contract. The latter case was for services in farm work. In the ordinary case of master and servant I do not see why the death of the employer should not work the same results as the death of the employed. The personal character of the relation applies to both. If the servant cannot be compelled to continue after the death of the master, then the master’s representatives should not be compelled to have him. The contract, if existing at all, should be mutual If the servant had continued on at the request of the executor or administrator, or the executor or administrator had received the benefit of such services, another question would have arisen; but that is not the case. ■ The defendant is not in’ possession of the farm and is not shown to have received any benefit of the subsequent services of the plaintiff.
I have examined the cases cited by the counsel for plaintiff, and they do not in my judgment reach the question here. I' am of the opinion that the death of defendant’s testator terminated the contract, and that the recovery of plaintiff should be • limited to the value-of the services to the death, being $76.45, and interest from 6th of April, 1883. This amount was con- ■ ceded at the trial, and the verdict should be reduced to that in pursuance of the arrangement at the triaL An order in proper - form may be prepared by the defendant’s counsel and submitted to the other side with the opinion and then forwarded to me. I. do not understand that the question of costs is now before me.
Note. — We publish the above at the request of Elon R. Brown, Esq.,,,, attorney for defendant, and deem it proper to give a short history of the-case. The jury in this case rendered a verdict for $208, which was reduced by the trial judge in accordance with foregoing opinion to $80.60.. On appeal by plaintiff the judgment was reversed and a new trial granted,, principally on the ground that the court erred in rejecting the offer of' plaintiff to show that he performed the contract after the death of the tes- • tator, under the direction of the defendant. Opinion by Boardman, J. (35 Hun, 46), Follett, J., in concurring cites Babcock agt. Goodrich, which. *253--at his request we published a short time since (ante, p. 52), it not having been previously reported. On the second trial, at the Jefferson circuit, •Churchill, J. presiding, ruled at the close of the trial that the death of the testator, the master, did not dissolve the contract, and judgment was ■ entered by direction of the court for $262.88 damages and costs. Defend■•ant again appealed to the general term, which has just reversed the judgment. opinion by Kennedy, J. We regret not having the opinion before us. As is said in judge Merwln’s opinion above, we “can see no good reason why in the ordinary case of master and servant, the death of the employer should not work the same results as the death of the employed. ' The personal character of the relation applies to both. If the servant cannot be compelled to continue after the death of the master, then the master’s representatives should not be compelled to have him. The contract, if . existing at all, should .be mutual.” — [Ed.