Court Opinion

ID: 9901116
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-21 13:13:09.657852+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:21:26.461131
License: Public Domain

FOR PUBLICATION

            IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS

 BART ENTERPRISES LLC                                    )     S Ct Civ No 2022 0055
         Appellant/Plaintiff                             )     Re Super Ct Civ No 75/2020 (SIT)
                                                         )
 V                                                       )
                                                         )
 SAPPHIRE BAY CONDOMINIUMS WEST                          )
      Appellee/Defendant                                 )
                                                         )
                                                         )

                    On Appeal from the Superior Court of the Virgin Islands
                              Division of St Thomas & St John
                       Superior Court Judge Hon Renee Gumbs Carly

                                   Considered March 14 2023
                                    Filed November 21 2023

                                       Cite as 2023 VI 13

BEFORE         RHYS S HODGE, Chief Justice, MARIA M CABRET Associate Justice, and
               IVE ARLINGTON SWAN Associate Justice

APPEARANCES

Kye Walker, Esq
The Walker Legal Group
St Croix, U S V I
       Attorney fbr Appellanl

J Daryl Dodson, Esq
Moore Dodson Russell & Wilhite, P C
St Thomas U S V I
      Attorneyjbr Appellee

                                OPINION OF THE COURT

SWAN, Associate Justice

‘1     Appellant Bart Enterprises LLC ( Bart )appeals the Superior Court’s September 23 2022

order, which dismissed its case on the grounds that Bart failed to retain counsel and to respond to
Bart Enterprises, LLC v Sapphire Bay Condominiums West
5 Ct Civ No 2022 0055
Opinion of the Court
Page 2 of l I

the February 17, 2022 motion to dismiss the complaint ﬁled by Sapphire Bay Condominium

West’s (“Sapphire Bay”)       For the reasons elucidated below, we afﬁrm the Superior Court’s

September 23, 2022 order, albeit on different grounds Anttlles School Inc v Lembach, 64 V I

400, 408, 438 n 23 (V I 2016) (“It is well established that, under the ‘right result, wrong rcason’

doctrine, where the record otherwise supports the trial court's judgment, an appellate court may

afﬁrm that judgment for reasons other than those relied upon by the trial court, even if the trial

court’s reasons are erroneous ”), see also Gov I ofthe V I Dep tofEduc v St Thomas/St John

Ed Adm rs Ass n Local 101 67 V I 623, 642 (V I 2017) (afﬁrming the Superior Courts order

upholding an arbitrators fee award, albeit for different reasons than those stated by the Superior

Court)

                I     FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL POSTURE

'2       Bart, a Virgin Islands limited liability company ﬁled a complaint on February 13, 2020,

alleging breach of contract against Sapphire Bay            Bart s complaint sought payment of an

outstanding debt in the amount of $265,296 98            Bart attached to the complaint a demand for

payment and a notice of a construction lien that Bart had ﬁled against Sapphire Bay 5 property

The complaint was signed by Peter Najawicz (“Najawicz”), a project manager for Bart Sapphire

Bay was served with the complaint and summons on March 24 2020

'3       On April 2 2020, Sapphire Bay ﬁled a motion to dismiss on the basis that a corporation in

the Virgin Islands can only be represented by an attorney in court proceedings and that Najawicz

was a project manager and not an attorney licensed to practice law in the Virgin Islands

14       On April 27, 2020, the Superior Court entered an order that required Bart, within 30 days

of the entry date of the order to retain a licensed attomey to represent the company in the lawsuit
Bart Enterprises, LLC v Sapphit'e Bay Condominiums West
8 Ct Civ No 2022 0055
Opinion of the Court
Page 3 of II

15      Robert King, an attorney licensed to practice law in the Virgin Islands, entered his

appearance in the case on Bart’s behalf on June 2, 2020 While he ﬁled a notice of appearance

and a reply to Sapphire Bay’s answer and counterclaim, Attorney King never ﬁled a new version

of the complaint with his signature on it, nor did he ﬁle a motion to amend the original complaint

$6      Subsequently, Sapphire Bay ﬁled its answer, affirmative defenses, and counterclaim dated

June 23, 2020, to which Bart ﬁled a reply on July 20, 2020 Sapphire Bay also ﬁled a motion for

partial summaxy judgment on December 6, 2021, seeking judgment on its slander of the title claim

based on the second of two notices of claim of construction lien ﬁled by Bart in the Ofﬁce of the

Lieutenant Governor and seeking release and expungement of that second recorded notice of a

construction lien Bart failed to respond to the motion for partial summary judgment

1|?     On December 10, 2021 Attorney King ﬁled a motion to withdraw from the case as counsel,

asserting that Bart and Najawic7 owed him unpaid legal fees in excess of$ 1 ,000,000 The Superior

Court granted Attorney King’s motion to withdraw and ordered that within 45 days, or by January

31, 2022, Bart was required to retain new counsel to represent the company in the lawsuit

18      On February 17 2022, Sapphire Bay ﬁled its renewed motion to dismiss the case on the

grounds that Bart’s complaint was a nullity because it was never signed by an attorney licensed to

practice law in the Virgin Islands Sapphire Bay further ﬁled a supplemental motion, infoming

the Superior Court of this Court’s decision in Murphy Rigging & Erecting Inc v V] Water &

Power Aw}: , 76 V I 480 (V I 2022) and further urging the court to dismiss Bart s complaint as a

legal nullity consistent with the holding in that case Also in its July 6, 2022 motion, Sapphire

Bay clariﬁed that its motion to dismiss was based on Bart s complaint ﬁled by Mr Najawicz,

which was a nullity and not because of Bart 5 failure to prosecute the case
Bart Enterprises LLC v Sapphire Bay Condominiums West
S Ct Civ No 2022 0055
Opinion of the Court
Page 4 of l I

‘19     Nevertheless on June 24, 2022, the court ordered Bart to retain counsel and ﬁle a response

to Sapphire Bay 8 renewed motion and supplemental motion to dismiss by July 25, 2022

However, in that order the Superior Court inadvertently miseharacterized the relief sought by

Sapphire Bay in its ﬁlings and stated that if there was no response from Bart, the case may be

dismissed for failure to prosecute [t is noteworthy that a copy of that order was not directed to

any attorney of record on behalfof Bart Rather, a copy ofthe order was directed to Julie Najawicz,

the resident agent for Bart

1110    On August 30 2022, the court entered an order granting Bart an extension of time to retain

counsel pursuant to a ietter request of Julie Najawicz The letter requested a 60 day extension of

time to retain counsel    Despite this request the Superior Court ordered Bart to retain counsel

within 21 days or by September 20 2022 The letter request was never served on Sapphire Bay,

nor was the request initially recorded on the Superior Court’s docket sheet

‘11     Bart partially complied with the August 30 2022 order when on September I 2022, it

retained Kye Walker an attorney licensed in the Virgin Islands, as its attomey of record Although

Attorney Walker entered her appearance on behalfof Bart, she failed to respond to any of Sapphire

Bay’s motions by the September 20 2022 deadline, and she did not seek an extension of time to

respond before the deadline expired

'12     Sapphire Bay ﬁled a motion urging the Superior Court to reconsider granting Bart the

extension of time to seek counsel and to respond to Sapphire Bay’s pending motions and instead,

to grant its requests in those motions to dismiss Bart s complaint The Superior Court never acted

on the motions, which became moot when the September 20 2022 deadline expired

$13     On September 23 2022 three days after the deadline for Bart to respond to Sapphire Bay’s

motion, the Superior Court entered an order dismissing the case, and this appeal ensued Notably,
Bart Enterprises, LLC v Sapphire Bay Condominiums West
S Ct Civ No 2022 0055
Opinion of the Com
Page 5 of l I

at the time the Superior Court ordered the case dismissed on September 23, 2022, Peter Najawicz’s

February 13, 2020 complaint had been pending for approximately 18 months

1H4    Four days after the deadline and after expiration of the 14 working days allowed by Rule

6-4(a) of the Virgin Islands Rules of Civil Procedure to reconsider the order dismissing the case,

Bart ﬁled its reconsideration notice and the next day ﬁled a motion seeking an extension of time

of two days to respond to Sapphire Bay 5 motion Sapphire Bay opposed Bart’s motions in its

November 8, 2022 ‘Combined Opposition of Sapphire Bay West Condominium to Motion to

Reconsider and Motion for Extension of Time ’            Bait failed to ﬁle a reply to Sapphire Bay’s

opposition

                     ll      JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

115    Title 4, section 32(a) of the Virgin Islands Code provides, in pertinent part, that “[t]he

Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction over all appeals arising from ﬁnal judgments, ﬁnal decrees

or ﬁnal orders of the Superior Court, or as otherwise provided by law ” Since the Superior Court's

September 23, 2022, order disposed of all claims asserted by the parties, it constitutes a ﬁnal

judgment, and this Court, therefore, possesses jurisdiction over this appeal        See Bradford v

Cramer 54 VI 669, 67l (V I 20] 1) (ﬁnal order in divorce case is ﬁnal appealable judgment,

where it disposes of all claims); see also Etienne v Enenne, 56 V l 686, 691 (V I 2012)

1|16    Additionally, the standard of review in examining the Superior Court‘s application of law

is plenary, while ﬁndings of fact are only reviewed for clear error St Thomas S! John 3d of

Electzonsv Dame! 49 VI 322 329 (VI 2007)

                                          [ll     DISCUSSION

117     Bart’s notice of appeal presents two issues for this Court’s review, namely (1) whether the

Superior Court erred when it failed to apply the six factor test that this Court enumerated in
Bart Enterprises, LLC v Sapphire Bay Condominiums West
S Ct Civ No 2022 0055
Opinion of the Court
Page 6 of I I

Halliday v Footlocker Specialty Inc , 53 V I 505 (V I 2010), when considering dismissal for

failure to prosecute and (2) whether dismissal of this case was proper given that Bart solely argues

on appeal that the Superior Court abused its discretion when it dismissed its case for failure to

prosecute In support of its argument, Bart contends that the Superior Court improperly dismissed

the case while motions and eounterclaims were pending and that Bart’s due process rights were

violated when the Superior Court granted Sapphire Bay’s motion to reconsider without providing

Bart with an opportunity to respond to the motion

1| 8    However, Sapphire Bay’s perspective of the issue is vastly different Sapphire Bay argues

in opposition that the Superior Court properly dismissed Bart‘s complaint and argues funher that

Bart’s appeal lacks merit because Bart misunderstood the Superior Court’s ruling Sapphire Bay

asserts that the Superior Court did not dismiss Bart’s complaint for failure to prosecute but that the

Superior Court properly dismissed Bart’s complaint because the complaint, signed by a non

attorney, was a nullity Accordingly, Sapphire Bay assens two issues before this Court for review

ﬁrstly, whether the Superior Court properly dismissed Bart’s claims because Najawicz, an

individual who was not authorized to legally represent a limited liability company, signed the

complaint, and secondly, whether the Superior Court’s dismissal order dismissed Bart‘s case for

lack of prosecution or is instead based on Sapphire Bay’s renewed motion and supplemental

motion to dismiss as stated in the Superior Court 3 September 23, 2022 ﬁnal order

                         A The Superior Court’s September 23, 2022 order

$19     The Superior Court’s September 23, 2022 ﬁnal order in this matter did not dismiss the case

for failure to prosecute as Bart sedulously contends Instead, the Superior Court’s September 23,

2022 order dismissing Bart’s case stated in pertinent part that the matter
Bart Enterprises LLC v Sapphire Bay Condominiums West
5 Ct Civ No 2022 0055
Opinion of the Court
Page 7 of I l

                was before the court on the “Motion to Reconsider” its August 20,
                2022 Order ﬁled by Defendant Sapphire Bay Condominiums West
                     on September 12, 2022 This order provided plaintiff Bar!
                Enterprises LLC        ml}: additional Itme to retain counsel and to
                respond to Sapphire s MOIIOH to dismiss complaint filed on
                February 17 2022 and to the Supplement to Motion to Dumas
                Complaint ﬁled on June I6 2022 Responses were due in twenty
                one (21) days of the date of entry of the Order advising the parties
                the matter will be promptly dismissed for failure to respond Seeing
                no response by the plaintiff it is hereby ordered that Sapphire’s
                motion is granted and it is further ORDERED that this matter is
                dismissed

(J A Supp 070)

1|20    Sapphire Bay’s September 12, 2022 “Motion to Reconsider,” which the Superior Court

referenced in its September 23, 2020 order, urged the Superior Court to reconsider its August 30

2022 order which granted Bart an extension of time of an additional 2| days to retain an attorney

to represent the company in the lawsuit against Sapphire Bay In that motion, Sapphire Bay argued

that the Superior Court committed error, since this Court’s decision in Murphy Rigging, 76 V I at

490 dictates that the Superior Court was required to dismiss the complaint and all the claims

asserted in conjunction with the complaint         Arguing further, Sapphire Bay stated that the

“complaint was a legal nullity because it was signed and ﬁled on behalf of a company by an

individual who was not admitted to practice in the Virgin Islands and is not an attorney ” (J A

Supp 064)

1|2l    Although Bart extensively argues that the Superior Court dismissed the case for failure to

prosecute, there is no evidence in the court’s record to substantiate Bart’s assertion The ﬁrst time

the Superior Court mentioned the term “failure to prosecute ’ was in the order dated June 24 2022,

in which it “ordered that Plaintiff Bart    shall through counsel, ﬁle a response to the motion and

its supplement by Monday, July 25 2022 failing which the matter may be dismissed for failure to
Bart Enterprises LLC v Sapphire Bay Condominiums West
S Ct Civ No 2022 0055
Opinion of the Court
Page 8 of l I

prosecute        ” (Supp 042) Arguably, the Superior Court’s September 23, 2022 order could

have been more adroitly craﬁed but the ﬁnal order purportedly dismissed the case because Bart

failed to retain counsel within twenty one days of the date of the order and failed to respond to

Sapphire Bay’s motion Moreover, irrespective of the Superior Court’s use of the term “failure to

prosecute,” Sapphire Bay’s motion never argued for dismissal on the grounds of failure to

prosecute; it argued that the Superior Court should dismiss the case because Najawicz, an

individual who is not an attorney, signed and ﬁled the complaint in contravention of 4 V I C §

443(a), which unequivocally prohibits a person who is not an attorney from representing a

corporation in a civil case See 4 V I C § 443(a)

       B The Superior Court could not properly dismiss the case for failure to prosecute
         because the original complaint was a nullity in light at Murphy Rigging

1122      Here, the key question in determining the validity of the complaint is whether, from the

inception of the case in the Superior Court to the dismissal of the case, the complaint remained a

nullity First, to ﬁnd whether the complaint was a nullity, we must determine whether the ﬁling

ofthe pro se complaint by Najawicz on behalf of Bart constituted the unauthorized practice of law

Title 4, section 443 of the Virgin Islands Code and Rule 211 5 5 of the Virgin Islands Rules of

Professional Conduct govern the prohibition on the unauthorized practice of law in the Virgin

Islands The unauthorized practice of law means

          the doing of any act by a person who is not a member in good standing of
          the Virgin Islands Bar Association for another person usually done by
          attorneys at law in the course of their profession, and shall include but not
          be limited to the appearance, acting as the attemey at law, or representative
          of another person, ﬁrm or corporation, before any court, referee,
          department, commission, board, judicial person or body authorized or
          constituted by law to detennine any question of law or fact or to exercise
          any judicial power, or the preparation and/or ﬁling of pleadings or other
          legal papers incident to any action or other proceeding of any kind before
          or to be brought before the same
Bart Enterprises. LLC v Sapphire Bay Condominiums West
S Ct Civ No 2022-0055
Opinion of the Court
Page 9 of I I

4 V I C § 443(a) Similarly Rule 21] 5 5 of the Virgin Islands Rules of Professionai Conduct
further provides that
          (a) A lawyer shall not practice law in a jurisdiction in violation of the
              regulation of the legal profession in that jurisdiction, or assist another in
              doing so
          (b) An individual who is not admitted to practice in this jurisdiction shall
                not
                (1) except as authorized by section 443 of title 4 of the Virgin Islands
                    Code or other law, establish an ofﬁce or other systematic and
                    continuous presence in thisjurisdiction for the practice of law, or
                (2) hold out to the public or otherwise represent that he or she is
                      admitted to practice law in this jurisdiction

1|23      In Murphy Rigging 76 V I at 486 87 although this Court acknowledged that a minority

ofcourts have departed from the majority rule and held that pleadings violative of the unauthorized

practice of law are not void ab inmo, but merely voidable, and that a court possesses the discretion

to permit a party to cure the pleading rather than treat it as a nullity, in this jurisdiction, “[the]

courtls} cannot ignore the unauthorized practice of law and must intervene ’ 1d at 489 n 1 (quoting

Btsher v Lehigh Valley Health Network Inc 265 A 3d 383 406 (Pa 2021)) Importantly this

Court has already held that “Superior Courtjudges and magistrates play a critical role in enforcing.

in individual cases, the legal ethics and bar admissions rules promulgated by this Court, as well as

the prohibition on the unauthorized practice of law ” Murphy Rigging, 76 V l at 487 (quoting In

re Campbell 59 V I 701 727 (V I 2013))

‘24       Here, Najawicz, who is not licensed to practice law in the Virgin Islands, initially signed

and ﬁled the February 13, 2020 complaint on behalf of Ban, a Virgin Islands limited liability

company In his complaint Najawicz sought to represent and affect the legal interest and rights

of Bart     This conduct constitutes the unauthorized practice of law because “[t]he signing of a

pleading on behalf of another person by an individual who is not a member in good standing of

the Virgin Islands Bar is a textbook example of conduct that constitutes the unauthorized practice
Ban Enterprises, LLC v Sapphire Bay Condominiums West
S Ct Civ No 2022 0055
Opinion of the Court
Page lOof ll

of law in the Virgin Islands ” Murphy Rtggmg, 76 V I at 486          And importantly, “[w]hen the

conduct constituting the unauthorized practice of law include[s] the ﬁling of a brief or other

document this Court has ordered that the document be rejected     in addition to any other sanctions

or remedies imposed ” Id at 488, see also MucheII v Mullgrav, 2015 WL 6736789, at *3 (V 1

Nov 4, 2015) and In re Nevms, 60 V I 800, 805 (V 1 2014)         Because the cause of action in this

case was indubitably initiated by a complaint ﬁled by an individual who is not a licensed attorney

in good standing as a member of the Virgin Islands Bar Association, the case is a nullity subject

to dismissal See Murphy Riggmg 76 V1 at 489 see also Kelly v St Francis Med Ctr 889

N W2d 613 618 20 (Neb 2017) In re IFC Cred" Corp 663 PM 315 318 (7th Cir 20”)

(noting that the court denied the plaintiffs’ motion to reopen their Chapter 1 1 case because it was

ﬁled on the plaintiffs behalfby a non anomey. rendering it a legal nullity since the plaintiffs could

appear in federal court only through an attorney), In re Net! 3 Maze] Inc 492 B R 620, 629

(Bankr E D N Y 2013) (noting that even assuming that alleged Indian tribe which had not been

recognized as such by federal government, had submitted valid grounds for bankruptcy court to

grant its successive motion to reopen Chapter 11 case ﬁled by corporation from which it had

purchased certain real property, this motion, having been ﬁled on alleged tribe's behalf by non

attorney, was a legal nullity, since alleged tribe could appear in federal court only through an

attorney) Frayler v New York Stock Exch Inc 118 F Supp 2d 448 449 n 2 (S D N Y 2000)

(noting that the purported pro se appearance of corporation was a nullity and would be treated as

such, because corporations cannot appear pro se in either New York federal or state courts), In re

Drevlow 221 B R 767 769 (B A P 8th Cir 1998) (noting that Minnesota law requires that a

corporation must be represented by a licensed attorney when appearing in court irrespective of

whether the person seeking to represent the establishment is a director, ofﬁcer, or shareholder of
Bart Enterprises. LLC v Sapphire Bay Condominiums West
S Ct Civ No 2022 0055
Opinion of the Court
Page I] of I I

the corporation)    More succinctly, when the Superior Court recognized that the petition sought

to vindicate the rights of a corporation but had not been ﬁled by a licensed Virgin Islands attorney,

the Superior Court was obligated to treat the petition as a nullity, which would require dismissing

the case     See Murphy Rigging 76 V I at 490

'25        For the reasons elucidated above we hold that the February 13, 2020 complaint ﬁled with

the Superior Court by Najawicz on behalf of Bart was a nullity with no legal effect whatsoever

because it was signed by an individual who lacked the authority to practice law in the U 8 Virgin

Islands Accordingly. upon this recognition the Superior Court was required to treat the complaint

as a nullity and dismiss the case immediately

                                         IV      CONCLUSION

126     For the foregoing reason, we afﬁrm the Superior Court’s September 23, 2022 order

dismissing the case because Bart’s complaint was a legal nullity While the Superior Court should

have immediately dismissed the case without further proceedings we hold that the proper result

was nevertheless achieved in its September 23, 2022 order

DATED this let day of November 2023

                                                         Associate Justic

ATTEST

VERONICA J HANDY ESQ
Clerk of the Court

33’    W
           Dep     Clerk

Dated W