Court Opinion

ID: 814148
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2012-12-21 17:21:07+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:00:51.110843
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                                 United States Court of Appeals
                                                                         Tenth Circuit

                                                                      December 21, 2012
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALSElisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                          Clerk of Court
                                       TENTH CIRCUIT

 WAYNE ANDREWS,
                Plaintiff–Appellant,                           No. 12-1171
           v.                                    (D.C. No. 1:11-CV-01366-MSK-KLM)
 TIMOTHY GEITHNER; DOUGLAS                                    (D. Colorado)
 SHULMAN; OFFICER IN CHARGE OF
 COLLECTIONS; GARY QUICK;
 ROSEANNE MILLER; LISA K. JONES;
 ROXY HUBER, in her individual
 capacity,
                Defendants–Appellees.

                              ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before BRISCOE, Chief Judge, McKAY and HOLMES, Circuit Judges.

       After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of this

appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). This case is therefore ordered

submitted without oral argument.

       Plaintiff Wayne Andrews, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s dismissal

of his civil rights complaint. Plaintiff sued the Secretary of Treasury and four Internal

       *
         This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its
persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
Revenue Service employees (together, the Federal Defendants) as well as the former

executive director of the Colorado Department of Revenue (State Defendant), challenging

decisions and actions of the IRS and CDOR. The district court adopted the report and

recommendation of the magistrate judge recommending Plaintiff’s claims against the

Federal Defendants be dismissed with prejudice. First, the magistrate judge concluded

the court lacked personal jurisdiction as a result of Plaintiff’s failure to serve the Federal

Defendants as required by Rule 4(i)(3) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The

magistrate judge then concluded any attempt to cure the defects in service would be futile

because the Federal Defendants, as federal officials, could not be sued under 42 U.S.C. §§

1981 or 1983, and because the Federal Defendants, as individual agents of the IRS, were

not subject to Bivens actions. The district court likewise adopted the report and

recommendation of the magistrate judge recommending Plaintiff’s claims against the

State Defendant be dismissed with prejudice. The magistrate judge concluded Plaintiff’s

complaint failed to state a claim against the State Defendant under any of the causes of

action he asserted: the State Defendant, as a state official, was not subject to a Bivens

action; Plaintiff’s §1981 claim failed because he did not allege discrimination on the basis

of his race; Plaintiff did not allege sufficient personal involvement to maintain a claim

under § 1983; and Plaintiff failed to plead a violation of his constitutional rights necessary

to support his state law conspiracy claim. Plaintiff appeals each of these decisions.

       We turn first to the district court’s dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against the

Federal Defendants. The Federal Defendants contend that Plaintiff has waived the right

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to challenge the district court’s determination that it lacked personal jurisdiction over

them because Plaintiff failed to object to the magistrate judge’s report and

recommendation on this basis and did not raise the issue in his opening brief. After a

thorough review of the record, we conclude Plaintiff has not waived this issue.

Construing his pleadings liberally, as we must, Plaintiff did object to the magistrate

judge’s conclusion that he had failed to properly serve the Federal Defendants. Although

Plaintiff did not raise this argument in the body of his objection, he filed, as part of his

objection, a separate document titled “Proof of Service,” to which he attached copies of

certified mail receipts, copies of receipts for postage, and proof of mail delivery. (R. at

345-52.) In his opening brief, Plaintiff argued that service was proper, pointing to the

“copies of receipts for the items sent” that he had provided the district court in connection

with his objection. (Appellant’s Opening Br. at 3.) Accordingly, we conclude Plaintiff

has sufficiently preserved this issue for appeal.

       Having carefully reviewed the parties’ briefing and the record on appeal, we see no

error in the magistrate judge’s conclusion that Plaintiff failed to properly serve the

Federal Defendants as required by Rule 4(i)(3). Although Plaintiff provided some

evidence he mailed certain items to the Federal Defendants individually, there is no

evidence he complied with the requirements of Rule 4(e), (f), or (g). Accordingly, the

magistrate judge correctly concluded the court lacked personal jurisdiction over the

Federal Defendants. This conclusion, however, required that Plaintiff’s claims against the

Federal Defendants be dismissed without prejudice. Arocho v. Lappin, 461 F. App’x 714,

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719 (10th Cir. 2012) (discussing the “established rule that dismissals for lack of personal

jurisdiction are without prejudice”). As a result, the district court could not then proceed

to resolve Plaintiff’s claims against the Federal Defendants on the merits.

       We now turn to the district court’s dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against the State

Defendant. Here, too, we see no error in the magistrate judge’s or the district court’s

reasoning. Accordingly, and for substantially the same reasons set forth by the magistrate

judge, we AFFIRM the dismissal with prejudice of Plaintiff’s claims against the State

Defendant. In addition, and for substantially the same reasons set forth by the magistrate

judge, we AFFIRM the dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against the Federal Defendants for

lack of personal jurisdiction. However, we REMAND the matter solely for the district

court to modify its order to reflect that the lack of personal jurisdiction is the basis for its

dismissal of these claims and that the dismissal is without prejudice.

                                                     Entered for the Court

                                                     Monroe G. McKay
                                                     Circuit Judge

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