Court Opinion

ID: 4387919
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-04-16 20:56:17.315524+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:01:57.082594
License: Public Domain

Filed
                                                                                      Washington State
                                                                                      Court of Appeals
                                                                                       Division Two

                                                                                       April 16, 2019

    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

                                       DIVISION II
 JERRY PETERSON, as parent and guardian                           No. 48828-1-II
 for T.P., a minor

                       Appellant,

        v.

 THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, by and                            UNPUBLISHED OPINION
 through its various state agencies and
 subdivisions, including DEPARTMENT OF
 SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES, and
 DIVISION OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY
 SERVICES, and CHILDREN’S
 PROTECTIVE SERVICES, and
 CHILDREN’S WELFARE DIVISION,

                       Respondents.

       SUTTON, J. — Jerry Peterson, as guardian for TP, appeals the superior court’s partial

summary judgment order dismissing his claims against the Department of Social and Health

Services (DSHS). In granting the motion, the superior court ruled that DSHS did not owe a

common law duty based on a special relationship to protect TP from abuse by her foster parents.

       While this appeal was pending, our Supreme Court decided H.B.H. v. State and held that

“[u]nder well-established common law tort principles, DSHS owes a duty of reasonable care to

protect foster children from abuse at the hands of their foster parents.” 192 Wash. 2d 154, 159, 429
P.3d 484 (2018). Accordingly, we hold that the superior court erred in granting partial summary
No. 48828-1-II

judgment dismissal of the common law negligence claims1 and we reverse and remand for further

proceedings consistent with this opinion.

                                              FACTS

       In March 2014, Peterson as guardian of TP filed a complaint for damages against DSHS.

The complaint alleged negligent investigation resulting in TP’s removal from her father’s home

and placement into foster care, common law negligence based on a duty to protect TP from abuse

by her foster parents the Halls, and negligent infliction of emotional distress.

       DSHS filed a motion for summary judgment on the claims of negligent placement and

negligent infliction of emotional distress. The superior court granted DSHS’s partial motion for

summary judgment and dismissed Peterson’s claims.

       In September 2017, this court sua sponte issued a stay of this appeal pending the Supreme

Court’s decision in H.B.H. In November 2018, the Supreme Court issued its decision in H.B.H.

In January 2019, we lifted the stay and stated that the parties could file supplemental briefing

addressing the effect of H.B.H. on this appeal. Both parties filed supplemental briefing agreeing

that H.B.H. controls in this case.

                                            ANALYSIS

       Peterson argues that the superior court erred in granting partial summary judgment and

dismissal of the negligence claims because (1) DSHS owes TP a common law duty of care to

1
 Because we reverse the superior court’s order on this basis, we do not reach Peterson’s additional
claims and arguments.

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No. 48828-1-II

protect her from abuse by her foster parents and (2) DSHS negligently investigated the initial

allegations of abuse under RCW 26.44.050 which resulted in TP’s placement into foster care.

       In its supplemental briefing addressing the effect of H.B.H., DSHS concedes2 “that the

Supreme Court’s recognition of a common law special relationship duty between foster children

and [DSHS] requires remand of some of the issues in this appeal for further proceedings regarding

application of that duty to the facts in this case.” Supp. Br. of Resp. at 2. Thus, DSHS requests

that we remand this case for the superior court to address the claims asserted by Peterson that fall

within the common law duty announced in H.B.H.

       We review a superior court’s order granting summary judgment de novo. Beggs v. Dep’t

of Soc. & Health Servs., 171 Wash. 2d 69, 75, 247 P.3d 421 (2011). “We review the evidence in the

light most favorable to the nonmoving party and draw all reasonable inferences in that party’s

favor.” McCarthy v. Clark County, 193 Wash. App. 314, 328, 376 P.3d 1127 (2016). Summary

judgment is appropriate where there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is

entitled to judgment as a matter of law. CR 56(c).

       Our Supreme Court in H.B.H. held that “[u]nder well-established common law tort

principles, DSHS owes a duty of reasonable care to protect foster children from abuse at the hands

of their foster parents.” 192 Wash. 2d at 159. The court further explained that

       [i]n addition to its initial duty to investigate foster homes for licensing purposes,
       DSHS has a continuing duty to investigate allegations of abuse and to monitor the
       dependent child in the foster home. See RCW 74.13.031(3) (“[t]he department shall
       investigate complaints of any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or
       caretaker”), (6) (“The department shall monitor placements of children in out-of-

2
  DSHS claims that the special relationship duty under H.B.H. does not extend to protect TP from
a dog bite she claimed she received while in foster care. Because we remand, we do not address
this issue further.

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No. 48828-1-II

        home care and in-home dependencies to assure the safety, well-being, and quality
        of care being provided is within the scope of the intent of the legislature as defined
        in RCW 74.13.010 and 74.15.010.”).

H.B.H., 192 Wash. 2d at 166-67 (alternations in original).

        Here, the superior court adopted DSHS’s reasoning that “Washington does not recognize

a [common law] cause of action for either negligent foster home licensing or for negligent foster

home placement.” Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 982. DSHS now concedes that this duty applies in this

case. Because DSHS owes a common law duty of care to TP to protect her from abuse by the

foster parents under H.B.H., we hold that the superior court erred in granting partial summary

judgment dismissing Peterson’s negligence claims. Thus, we reverse the superior court’s order

granting partial summary judgment and dismissal of the common law negligence claims and

remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

        A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040,

it is so ordered.

                                                      SUTTON, J.
 We concur:

 MAXA, C.J.

 WORSWICK, J.

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