Court Opinion

ID: 4105360
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-12-07 20:11:17.842503+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:47:44.437096
License: Public Domain

J. A25005/16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA              :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :          PENNSYLVANIA
                    v.                    :
                                          :
ANDREW L. LITTLE,                         :          No. 324 MDA 2016
                                          :
                         Appellant        :

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence, November 17, 2015,
                in the Court of Common Pleas of Fulton County
               Criminal Division at No. CP-29-CR-0000055-2015

BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., SHOGAN, J., AND STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.:                FILED DECEMBER 07, 2016

        Andrew L. Little appeals from the November 17, 2015 aggregate

judgment of sentence of 10 to 20 years’ imprisonment imposed after a jury

found him guilty of aggravated assault and simple assault.1       After careful

review, we affirm the judgment of sentence.

        The relevant facts and procedural history of this case, as gleaned from

the certified record, are as follows. In the early morning hours of March 20,

2015, appellant and a cohort severely beat the victim unconscious in the

parking lot of the Iron Horse bar in McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania. (Notes of

testimony, 9/9/15 at 27-40, 81-85, 125-126.) The victim sustained serious

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
    18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2702 and 2701, respectively.
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bodily injuries as a result of this assault, including a fractured nose, broken

teeth,    head     trauma,   and   a   concussion,   which    necessitated   medical

treatment. (Id. at 105-108, 118-120, and 129-130.)

         Appellant was arrested in connection with this incident and charged

with aggravated assault, simple assault, and the summary offenses of

harassment and disorderly conduct.2             On September 9, 2015, appellant

proceeded to a jury trial and was subsequently found guilty of aggravated

assault and simple assault. As noted, on November 17, 2015, the trial court

sentenced appellant to an aggregate term of 10 to 20 years’ imprisonment,

the statutory maximum.3        On November 24, 2015, appellant filed a timely

post-sentence motion, which was denied by the trial court on January 19,

2016. On February 18, 2016, appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. On

February 23, 2016, the trial court ordered appellant to file a concise

statement     of    errors   complained    of   on   appeal   in   accordance   with

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).       Following an extension, appellant filed his timely

2
    18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2709 and 5503(a)(1), respectively.
3
  The record reflects that the charges of simple assault and aggravated
assault merged for sentencing purposes. Appellant had a prior record score
of 3, and the offense gravity score for aggravated assault -- causing serious
bodily injury is 11. 204 Pa.Code § 303.15. Accordingly, the standard
guideline range for a sentence on the charge of aggravated assault is
54-72 months’ imprisonment with an aggravated range of 84 months.
204 Pa.Code § 303.1. The statutory maximum for the charge of aggravated
assault, a felony of the first-degree, is 240 months’ (20 years)
imprisonment. 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 1103(1).

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Rule 1925(b) statement on April 27, 2016.           The trial court filed its

Rule 1925(a) opinion on May 5, 2016.

      Appellant argues that “the trial court committed an error of law and

abuse of discretion when it sentenced [him] outside of the standard range

sentence recommended by the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing and

not in accordance with the strict provisions of 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b).”

(Appellant’s brief at 2.)   Specifically, appellant avers that “the trial court

failed to establish on the record . . . [an] understanding of the applicable

guideline range of sentence” prior to sentencing him to the statutory

maximum for aggravated assault. (Id. at 7.)

      Our standard of review in assessing whether a trial court has erred in

fashioning a sentence is well settled.

            Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion
            of the sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be
            disturbed on appeal absent a manifest abuse of
            discretion. In this context, an abuse of discretion is
            not shown merely by an error in judgment. Rather,
            the appellant must establish, by reference to the
            record, that the sentencing court ignored or
            misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for
            reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or
            arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.

Commonwealth v. Zirkle, 107 A.3d 127, 132 (Pa.Super. 2014), appeal

denied, 117 A.3d 297 (Pa. 2015) (citation omitted).

      Where an appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his

sentence, as is the case here, the right to appellate review is not absolute.

See Commonwealth v. Allen, 24 A.3d 1058, 1064 (Pa.Super. 2011).

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Rather, an appellant challenging the discretionary aspects of his sentence

must invoke this court’s jurisdiction by satisfying the following four-part

test:

              (1) whether the appeal is timely; (2) whether
              Appellant preserved his issue; (3) whether
              Appellant’s brief includes a concise statement of the
              reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with
              respect to the discretionary aspects of sentence; and
              (4) whether the concise statement raises a
              substantial question that the sentence is appropriate
              under the sentencing code.

Commonwealth v. Carrillo-Diaz, 64 A.3d 722, 725 (Pa.Super. 2013)

(citations omitted).

        Instantly, the record reveals that appellant has complied with the first

three requirements. Accordingly, we must determine whether appellant has

raised a substantial question.

        “The determination of what constitutes a substantial question must be

evaluated on a case-by-case basis.”      Commonwealth v. Griffin, 65 A.3d

932, 935 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal denied, 76 A.3d 538 (Pa. 2013)

(citation omitted).    “A substantial question exists only when the appellant

advances a colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were

either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or

(2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the sentencing

process.” Commonwealth v. Glass, 50 A.3d 720, 727 (Pa.Super. 2012),

appeal denied, 63 A.3d 774 (Pa. 2013) (citation omitted). “At a minimum,

the Rule 2119(f) statement must articulate what particular provision of the

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code is violated, what fundamental norms the sentence violates, and the

manner    in   which    it    violates   that   norm.”    Commonwealth        v.

Mastromarino, 2 A.3d 581, 585-586 (Pa.Super. 2010), appeal denied, 14

A.3d 825 (Pa. 2011) (citation omitted).

      As noted, the trial court sentenced appellant to the statutory

maximum for his aggravated assault conviction.              See 18 Pa.C.S.A.

§§ 1103(1), 2702(a)(1).       Appellant contends that the trial court failed to

demonstrate on the record “an understanding or acknowledgement of the

applicable standard range recommended sentence . . . prior to sentencing

him [to] the maximum allowable sentence.”           (Appellant’s brief at 7-11.)

This court has long recognized that a claim that “the sentencing court failed

to provide sufficient reasons for imposing a sentence outside of the

guidelines[]” or did not understand the applicable guideline range raises a

substantial question.        Commonwealth v. Lewis, 911 A.2d 558, 567

(Pa.Super. 2006) (citation omitted); see also Commonwealth v. Garcia–

Rivera, 983 A.2d 777, 780 (Pa.Super. 2009) (stating that the sentencing

court must demonstrate that it understands the guideline ranges and place

on the record its reasons for deviating from the guidelines). Accordingly, we

proceed to consider the merits of appellant’s discretionary sentencing claim.

      The Sentencing Code sets forth the considerations a trial court must

take into account when fashioning a sentence:

            [T]he court shall follow the general principle that the
            sentence imposed should call for confinement that is

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              consistent with the protection of the public, the
              gravity of the offense as it relates to the impact on
              the life of the victim and on the community, and the
              rehabilitative needs of the defendant.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b). When a trial court sentences a defendant outside of

the ranges recommended by the sentencing guidelines, as is the case here,

the trial court must state its reasons for departing from the guidelines on the

record. Commonwealth v. Bowen, 55 A.3d 1254, 1263-1264 (Pa.Super.

2012).

      Appellant is correct in asserting that when deviating from the

sentencing guidelines, a trial court “must indicate that it understands the

suggested sentencing range.”      Commonwealth v. Rodda, 723 A.2d 212,

214 (Pa.Super. 1999) (en banc); see also appellant’s brief at 8-9.

Nonetheless, there is no requirement that “a sentencing court must evoke

‘magic words’ in a verbatim recitation of the guidelines range[s]” to satisfy

this requirement. Id. at 215. Rather, “where the record has reflected that

the [trial] court acted on a sound understanding of the sentencing range and

imposed sentence accurately, we have affirmed the judgment of sentence

even in the absence of a guidelines recitation.” Id. at 216.

      Instantly, the record belies appellant’s claim that the trial court failed

to establish on the record that it understood the applicable sentencing

guidelines.    Our review of the November 17, 2015 sentencing hearing

transcript reveals that the trial court clearly stated on the record its reasons

for deviating from the sentencing guidelines.      Specifically, the trial court

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noted that it considered and weighed numerous factors in fashioning

appellant’s maximum sentence, including the extremely violent nature of the

offense, the danger he posed to the community, his utter lack of remorse

and failure to take responsibility for the crime, and his extensive criminal

history. (Notes of testimony, 11/17/15 at 12-14.) The record reveals that

the trial court was in possession of a PSI report and noted that it had

reviewed and was relying on the information contained therein. (Id. at 9,

12.)   Both the Commonwealth and appellant’s counsel referenced the PSI

report during the course of the sentencing hearing.      (Id. at 2-4, 7-9.)

Additionally, appellant’s counsel specifically summarized the recommended

standard and aggravated guideline ranges in arguing on behalf of appellant.

(Id. at 8.) Where the trial court has the benefit of a PSI report, as is the

case here, “the presumption will stand that the sentencing judge was both

aware of and appropriately weighed all relevant information contained

therein.”   Commonwealth v. Griffin, 804 A.2d 1, 8 (Pa.Super. 2002),

appeal denied, 868 A.2d 1198 (Pa. 2005), cert. denied, 545 U.S. 1148

(2005) (citation omitted).

       Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the record fails to

substantiate appellant’s claim that the trial court was unaware of the

guidelines ranges.   Accordingly, appellant’s challenge to the discretionary

aspects of his sentence must fail.

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     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 12/7/2016

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