Court Opinion

ID: 9951143
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-15 17:03:20.86555+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:37:17.875586
License: Public Domain

Filed 3/15/24 In re I.C. CA2/2
   NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on
opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b).
This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule
8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
           SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                  DIVISION TWO

 In re I.C., a Person Coming                             B329754
 Under the Juvenile Court Law.                           (Los Angeles County
                                                         Super. Ct. No.
                                                         19CCJP01580C)

 LOS ANGELES COUNTY
 DEPARTMENT OF
 CHILDREN AND FAMILY
 SERVICES,

          Plaintiff and Respondent,

          v.

 ISIS C.,

          Defendant and Appellant.

     APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los
Angeles County, Debra R. Archuleta, Judge. Affirmed.
      Liana Serobian, under appointment by the Court of Appeal,
for Defendant and Appellant.
      Dawyn R. Harrison, County Counsel, Kim Nemoy,
Assistant County Counsel, and Jessica S. Mitchell, Senior Deputy
County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

             ______________________________________

       This is the fourth appeal that Isis C. (mother) has filed in a
dependency case spanning over three years. Mother is
challenging the juvenile court’s exit order giving Sergio H.
(father) sole physical custody of their child (I.C., born April 2017)
under Welfare and Institutions Code section 362.41 after
terminating dependency jurisdiction. We affirm.
       FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND2
I.     Facts and Prior Proceedings
       I.C. is the only child of mother and father. Mother also has
M.R., an older child with Matias R. (Matias). In early 2019, I.C.
resided with mother, Matias, and M.R. At the time, mother had
full custody of I.C. Father had visitation.
       In May 2019, the juvenile court sustained an amended
petition filed by the Department of Children and Family Services
(DCFS) alleging incidents of domestic violence, which rendered

      1 Undesignated statutory references are to the Welfare and
Institutions Code.
      2 These “Facts and Prior Proceedings” are taken from Los
Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services v.
Isis C. (Nov. 3, 2023, B322012, B323652, B325250) [nonpub. opn.]
(In re I.C.).

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jurisdiction appropriate. (§ 300, subds. (a) & (b)(1).3) I.C. was
declared a dependent of the court, removed from mother’s
custody, and released to father. Mother was permitted monitored
visits. Mother’s case plan required her to participate in a
batterers’ intervention program, parenting classes, and
individual counseling sessions. The court also barred any visits
between Matias and I.C.4
       On September 20, 2020, the juvenile court sustained a
petition alleging father’s physical abuse of I.C. (§ 300, subd.
(b)(1).) Mother was a nonoffending parent. I.C. was removed
from father and placed with mother. Family maintenance
services were ordered for mother. Enhancement services and
monitored visits were ordered for father.
       In September 2021, mother pleaded no contest to a section
342 petition alleging she failed to protect the children by allowing
Matias unlimited access and Matias physically abused mother in
the children’s presence. (§ 300, subd. (b)(1).) Mother also
pleaded no contest to a section 387 petition alleging, in part, she
violated court orders by allowing Matias’s contact with I.C. and
she failed to maintain consistent contact with service providers.
The court ordered I.C. removed from mother and placed with a
relative. Mother was ordered to attend domestic violence
counseling, parenting classes, family reunification services, and
individual counseling.
       In May 2022, the juvenile court held a section 366.21
hearing for I.C. and rejected mother’s request to have I.C.

      3 Dependency orders made for mother and Matias
concerning M.R. are not part of this opinion.
      4 Matias had harmed I.C. when I.C. was two years old.

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returned to her. The court found mother failed to make sufficient
progress after more than three years on her case plan. A DCFS
report stated father completed his case plan and was able to
provide a safe and nurturing home for I.C. The court terminated
the suitable placement order for I.C. and ordered the child
returned to father with family maintenance services.
II.   Facts and Current Proceedings
      A November 2022 DCFS report stated I.C. felt safe and
happy in father’s home. Father made sure I.C.’s basic needs were
met. Father wanted jurisdiction terminated and to have full
custody of I.C. He was willing to co-parent with mother and to
have I.C. maintain a relationship with her.
      By this time, mother had completed her court-ordered
services and had remained in consistent contact with DCFS.
Mother was fine with I.C. residing with father, but she still
wanted to reunify with the child. Mother was working to improve
her strained relationship with I.C. and to provide structure.
Mother’s interactions with I.C. were appropriate, and I.C.
enjoyed their visits.
      Mother continued her employment and provided basic
needs for herself and her new baby. Mother had secured
temporary housing and was looking for permanent housing.
      On December 14, 2022, the juvenile court agreed mother
could have unmonitored three-hour visits twice weekly with I.C.
The court gave DCFS discretion to allow overnight visits. Mother
was now residing in a two-bedroom apartment with her new
baby, her cousin, and her cousin’s two children. The home was
clean and appropriate. Mother was still seeking permanent
housing.

                               4
       During a monitored visit, DCFS reported I.C. called mother
by her first name, appeared disrespectful, and needed repeated
redirection from mother. DCFS observed I.C. listened to father,
who provided I.C. with structure and appropriate redirection.
Father also ensured I.C. received necessary treatment as a
special needs child.
       In a submitted case form filed on March 22, 2023, DCFS
recommended the juvenile court terminate jurisdiction and grant
the parents joint legal custody and father sole physical custody of
I.C. Mother was to have unmonitored visits. At mother’s
request, the juvenile court set a contested section 364 hearing on
custody issues. The court ordered DCFS to provide an updated
report on mother’s visits with I.C.
       In a last-minute information report filed for the continued
section 364 hearing, DCFS reported a visitation schedule was
created to accommodate mother’s Sundays off from work. The
parents agreed mother was to have unmonitored visits with I.C.
every Sunday beginning on February 19, 2023.
       On April 16, 2023, mother acknowledged having missed
three visits with I.C. Mother explained her baby had been sick
and she had to work. Father permitted mother to make up these
missed visits during I.C.’s spring break.
       During an unannounced visit to mother’s home, DCFS
noted M.R. and I.C. appeared excited about mother’s plans for a
painting project after breakfast. I.C. exclaimed, “[M]other is the
best mother in the whole-wide world.” I.C. wanted overnight
visits with mother and M.R.
       Father later told DCFS of his concern that overnight
visitation may result in I.C. having contact with Matias. Mother
stated she understood the no-contact order between Matias and

                                 5
I.C. was still in effect. Mother agreed to pick up I.C. at 7:00 p.m.
on Saturday and return the child to father at 7:00 p.m. on
Sunday.
       At the contested section 364 hearing on May 10, 2023,
mother and father each appeared with counsel. Following
argument by counsel, the juvenile court terminated jurisdiction
over I.C. and issued a custody order. The order provided the
parents joint legal custody and father sole physical custody of I.C.
Mother was granted unmonitored overnight visits from 7:00 p.m.
Saturday to 7:00 p.m. Sunday.
       Mother timely appealed.
                           DISCUSSION
       Mother does not dispute the juvenile court’s termination of
dependency jurisdiction. Instead, she contends the court
erroneously granted father sole physical custody of I.C.
A.     Applicable Law and Standard of Review
       “When a juvenile court terminates its jurisdiction over a
dependent child, it is empowered to make ‘exit orders’ regarding
custody and visitation.” (In re T.H. (2010) 190 Cal.App.4th 1119,
1122; see also §§ 364, subd. (c), 362.4.) After placing a child with
a nonoffending parent pursuant to section 361.2, the court is
expressly authorized to issue exit orders providing “that the
[nonoffending] parent become legal and physical custodian of the
child” and “may also provide reasonable visitation by the
noncustodial parent.” (§ 361.2, subd. (b)(1).) “[I]n making exit
orders, the juvenile court must look at the best interests of the
child.” (In re John W. (1996) 41 Cal.App.4th 961, 973; see also In
re T.S. (2020) 52 Cal.App.5th 503, 513.)
       We review exit orders “ ‘for abuse of discretion [citation]
and may not disturb the order unless the court “ ‘ “exceeded the

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limits of legal discretion by making an arbitrary, capricious, or
patently absurd determination.” ’ ” ’ ” (In re M.R. (2017) 7
Cal.App.5th 886, 902; see also In re J.M. (2023) 89 Cal.App.5th
95, 112.)
B.     No Abuse of Discretion
       Mother contends the juvenile court erred in failing to grant
her and father joint physical custody of I.C. We disagree.
       In rendering its decision, the juvenile court found mother
worked three days a week, yet had “constant excuses” for missing
visits with I.C. as she had with M.R. This had become a pattern.
The court acknowledged mother was “a single mom caring for a
small child,” but that did not excuse her failure to provide her
older children with “the same kind of attention and visitation” as
previously ordered.
       On the other hand, the record showed father considered
I.C.’s welfare a priority. He provided I.C. with stability,
continuity, and safety and ensured I.C.’s special needs were
appropriately addressed with services. There were numerous
indications that I.C. was happy and thriving in father’s care.
Therefore, granting father sole physical custody of I.C. was in the
child’s best interests.
       Mother resists this conclusion by arguing she had fully
complied with her case plan and had been proclaimed by I.C. as
“the best mother in the whole-wide world.” We applaud mother’s
completion of her case plan and positive interactions with I.C.
However, if a child is already placed in the custody of a parent,
the juvenile court “is not concerned with reunification” (In re
Pedro Z. (2010) 190 Cal.App.4th 12, 20), as the goal of
dependency proceedings “is to reunify the child with a parent.”
(In re Adrianna P. (2008) 166 Cal.App.4th 44, 59, italics added.)

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In this case, the court’s decision to grant father sole physical
custody was not an abuse of discretion.
                           DISPOSITION
      The order is affirmed.
      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.

                                            LUI, P. J.
We concur:

      ASHMANN-GERST, J.

      CHAVEZ, J.

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