Court Opinion

ID: 9947793
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-05 18:00:33.786393+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:28:34.525224
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                ______________

                                       No. 23-1541
                                     ______________

                            UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                             v.

                                MAURICE MCCORKLE,
                                             Appellant
                                  ______________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                                 (No. 2-19-cr-00710-001)
                     U.S. District Judge: Honorable Paul S. Diamond
                                     ______________

                      Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                    March 4, 2024
                                  ______________

             Before: SHWARTZ, RENDELL, and AMBRO, Circuit Judges.

                                  (Filed: March 5, 2024)
                                     ______________

                                        OPINION
                                     ______________

       
        This disposition is not an opinion of the full court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does
not constitute binding precedent.
SHWARTZ, Circuit Judge.

       Maurice McCorkle appeals his sentence for conspiracy to commit access device

fraud and identity theft. For the following reasons, we will affirm.

                                             I

       McCorkle participated in an identity theft scheme in which his co-conspirators

fraudulently opened retail credit card accounts using victims’ stolen personal identifying

information. Some conspirators then added themselves as “additional users” of the

fraudulently obtained cards, and McCorkle drove them to stores, where they used the

cards to make unauthorized purchases. App. 36. A grand jury returned a one-count

indictment, charging him with conspiracy to commit access device fraud and identity

theft, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371.

       At his plea hearing, the Government explained that McCorkle admitted to driving

two of his co-conspirators to stores “and that he knew he was transporting [them] to make

unauthorized purchases using fraudulently obtained personal identifying information of

victims[.]” App. 40. McCorkle confirmed that the Government “accurately describe[d]

what [he] did” and did not “get anything at all incorrect or wrong[.]” App. 40. He then

pleaded guilty.

       The pre-sentence report (“PSR”) recommended a total offense level of twelve,

which included a two-level enhancement for “the . . . use of any means of identification

unlawfully to . . . obtain any other means of identification” under U.S.S.G. §

2B1.1(b)(11)(C)(i). Given McCorkle’s criminal history category of VI, this resulted in a

Sentencing Guidelines range of thirty to thirty-seven months’ imprisonment. At

                                             2
sentencing, the District Court overruled his objections to the enhancement, adopted the

PSR’s proposed offense level, and imposed a sentence of thirty-six months’

imprisonment.

       McCorkle appeals.

                                             II1

       The sole question before us is whether the District Court erred in applying the

two-level enhancement under § 2B1.1(b)(11)(C)(i). The enhancement applies for “use of

any means of identification unlawfully to . . . obtain any other means of identification.”

U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1(b)(11)(C)(i); see United States v. Newsome, 439 F.3d 181, 182-83 (3d

Cir. 2006) (affirming application of the enhancement where the defendants unlawfully

obtained customers’ personal information and used it to produce driver’s licenses with

the victims’ information and the defendants’ photographs). The enhancement does not,

however, apply to “the plain vanilla type of identity theft that occurs when person A

steals and uses person B’s credit card[.]” Newsome, 439 F.3d at 186 (italics omitted).

       To determine whether the enhancement applies here, we consider all relevant

conduct, including conduct that is “within the scope of,” “in furtherance of,” and

“reasonably foreseeable in connection with” the credit card fraud conspiracy. U.S.S.G. §

1B1.3(a)(1)(B); see United States v. Collado, 975 F.2d 985, 995 (3d Cir. 1992)

       1
         The District Court had jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231 and we have
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742.
        We review a district court’s “application of the Guidelines to facts for abuse of
discretion and its factual findings for clear error.” United States v. Thung Van Huynh,
884 F.3d 160, 165 (3d Cir. 2018) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
                                             3
(explaining that in applying § 1B1.3, the court must conduct an “individualized inquiry

into the circumstances surrounding [a] defendant’s involvement in the conspiracy”).

       Here, McCorkle’s co-conspirators did not simply steal credit cards and use them.

Rather, they used stolen personal information to obtained new credit cards, thereby

creating other means of identification to make their fraudulent purchases.2 Accordingly,

the scheme is not of the “vanilla” variety (i.e., person A stealing and using person B’s

credit card) described in Newsome. 439 F.3d at 186.

       To the extent McCorkle contends that he did not know that his co-conspirators

created new means of identification and that their doing so was not foreseeable to him,

his argument fails. During the plea hearing, McCorkle admitted not only to driving his

co-conspirators to stores so that they could commit fraud, but also to knowing that they

would “make unauthorized purchases [using] fraudulently obtained personal

identification information of victims[,]” App. 39, which information was used to

“fraudulently open[] . . . [c]redit account[s],” App. 38. By asking McCorkle to confirm

these activities, the District Court adequately inquired into hi’s knowledge and conduct,

and the record provides a basis to conclude that his conduct and that of his co-

conspirators (1) fell within the scope of, (2) furthered, and (3) was “reasonably

       2
        That some conspirators added their true identities to obtain additional cards on
the fraudulently established accounts does not render the enhancement inapplicable. At
bottom, these conspirators still obtained the cards, which are a means of identification, on
accounts opened using victims’ stolen personal identifying information.

                                             4
foreseeable in connection with,” the credit card fraud conspiracy. U.S.S.G. §

1B1.3(a)(1)(B).

                                           III.

      For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm.

                                            5