Court Opinion

ID: 9912049
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-12-21 17:00:49.808743+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:55:05.570818
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                      FILED
                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                  DEC 21 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ALAN B. KALIN,                                  No.   22-16766

                  Plaintiff-Appellant,          D.C. No. 4:21-cv-01062-YGR

    v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
SEMPER MIDAS FUND, LTD.;
GREGORY A. PARSONS; DAVID BREE;
SEMPER CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.;
SEMPER CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC;
RDP I, LLC; RSL CAPITAL, LLC;
STEPHEN C. ELLWOOD; RICHARD D.
PARSONS; RONALD S. LAUDER;
GREGORY W. ELLIS,

                  Defendants-Appellees.

                       Appeal from the United States District Court
                          for the Northern District of California
                     Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted December 11, 2023
                              San Francisco, California

         Before: GOULD, KOH, and DESAI, Circuit Judges.

         Plaintiff Alan Kalin sued Defendants Semper Midas Fund (the “Fund”) and

Semper Capital Management, and their parent companies and directors, alleging

*
   This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as
provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
violations of a California statute prohibiting false or misleading statements in

securities transactions. Cal. Corp. Code §§ 25401, 25501, 25504.

      Plaintiff appeals the district court’s order dismissing his complaint for

failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) and

dismissing some defendants for lack of personal jurisdiction under FRCP 12(b)(2).

We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm the district court’s

dismissal for failure to state a claim.1

      1.     There is a well-recognized distinction in commercial transactions

between factual representations and “[s]tatements of mere corporate puffery.”

Police Ret. Sys. of St. Louis v. Intuitive Surgical, Inc., 759 F.3d 1051, 1060 (9th

Cir. 2014); see also Apollo Cap. Fund, LLC v. Roth Cap. Partners, LLC, 70 Cal.

Rptr. 3d 199, 224 (Cal. Ct. App. 2007). Puffery is not actionable as a matter of law

because “a reasonable consumer would not interpret the statement as a reliably

factual claim.” Coastal Abstract Serv., Inc. v. First Am. Title Ins. Co., 173 F.3d

725, 731 (9th Cir. 1999). Actionable statements of fact can be distinguished from

puffery because “[factual] statements . . . can be [proven] true or false on an

objective standard” and thus are objectively verifiable, whereas subjective opinions

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        Because we affirm dismissal of the claims against the Fund and Semper
Capital Management, and all other claims depend on the claims against those
defendants, we need not reach the issue of personal jurisdiction over the other
defendants.

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and descriptors are not. Or. Pub. Emps. Ret. Fund v. Apollo Grp. Inc., 774 F.3d

598, 606 (9th Cir. 2014).

      2.     Plaintiff identifies three of Defendants’ statements as allegedly false

or misleading. The first statement is that “the Fund engaged in ‘rigorous cash flow

modeling, scenario analysis and stress testing.’” Plaintiff argues that this statement

is false or misleading because the Fund’s analysis was not “rigorous.” There is no

support for Plaintiff’s argument that a reasonable investor would interpret the term

“rigorous” as indicating that the Fund’s methods of analysis “conformed to

generally accepted standards.” Whether the Fund’s analysis was “rigorous” cannot

be proven objectively true or false, and this statement is nonactionable puffery.

      3.     The next statement Plaintiff claims is false or misleading states that

“the Fund maintained a ‘constant focus on liquidity, risk management and

downside protection.’” Plaintiff’s assertion that a reasonable investor would

interpret the Fund’s “constant focus” as implying a specific risk management plan

is unsupported. Whether the Fund maintained a “constant focus” on particular

topics cannot be proven objectively true or false, and this statement is

nonactionable puffery.

      4.     The final statement that Plaintiff claims is false or misleading states

that “repo agreements presented ‘a certain amount of collateral risk’ but that by

utilizing hedging strategies any decline in value would be ‘substantially, if not

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fully, offset by the hedging vehicle.’” A statement that the Fund’s investments

entail a “certain amount of risk” cannot be proven true or false, because a “certain

amount” can be any amount.

      5.     Defendants’ prediction that market declines would be “substantially,

if not fully, offset by the hedging vehicle” is an optimistic pitch for the Fund’s

strategy. At best, the statement represented that the Fund would use hedging

vehicles in an attempt to offset potential losses. Plaintiff alleges that “there was no

hedging vehicle in place to protect against a situation” like the one that resulted in

Plaintiff suffering substantial losses. Plaintiff does not, however, allege that the

Fund failed to use any hedging vehicle at all, that the Fund represented it had a

specific hedging strategy for volatile market conditions, or that the Fund

guaranteed success. The sales documents disclosed that “[a]n investment in the

Fund and the Partnership is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. There

is no assurance that the Fund or the Partnership will be profitable or that an

investor will not lose some or all of its investment in the Fund or the Partnership.”

The documents additionally disclosed that “[t]he higher the degree of leverage

obtained, the greater the chance of a collateral call”; that the investment “entails a

high degree of risk” and “an investor could suffer a substantial loss as a result of an

investment” in the Fund; and that “large and sudden movements in interest rates

could result in substantial losses,” including the loss of Plaintiff’s “entire

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investment.” Reading Defendants’ disclosures together, any reasonable investor

would have understood that the Fund’s hedging vehicles were not guaranteed to

substantially or fully offset losses. Plaintiff’s allegations to the contrary are “mere

conclusory statements” that “do not suffice” to state a claim for relief. Ashcroft v.

Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009).

      6.     None of the challenged statements are plausibly alleged to be false or

misleading. Accordingly, the district court correctly granted the motion to dismiss

under FRCP 12(b)(6).

      AFFIRMED.

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