Court Opinion

ID: 3195565
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-04-19 18:01:40.138504+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:39:10.054279
License: Public Domain

IN THE
         ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                        DIVISION ONE

                 In the Matter of the Estates of:

                       YAFIT BUTWIN
                       JAMES BUTWIN
                          Deceased.

     ESTATE OF YAFIT BUTWIN; AISHA ZRIHAN, Appellants,

                                v.

ESTATE OF JAMES C. BUTWIN; C&C ACQUISITIONS, LLC; HATTEN
 REAL ESTATE OF SCOTTSDALE, LLC; HATTEN REAL ESTATE OF
MESA, LLC; 2500 SOUTH POWER, LLC; and 2626 EAST UNIVERSITY,
                       LLC, Appellees.

                     No. 1 CA-CV 15-0034
                       FILED 4-19-2016

       Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                      Nos. PB2012-001436
                          PB2012-091089
                          (Consolidated)

            The Honorable Edward W. Bassett, Judge

                          AFFIRMED
                                  COUNSEL

McNemar Law Offices PC, Phoenix
By T. Troy McNemar
Counsel for Appellant Estate of Yafit Butwin

Sherrets Bruno & Vogt LLC, Omaha, NE
By James D. Sherrets
Counsel for Appellant Aisha Zrihan

Hoopes Adams & Alexander PLC, Chandler
By Ryan M. Scharber and Ronald P. Adams
Counsel for Appellee Estate of James Butwin

Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP, Phoenix
By Donald A. Wall and Kerryn L. Holman
Counsel for Appellees C&C Acquisitions, LLC; Hatten Real Estate of Scottsdale,
LLC; Hatten Real Estate of Mesa, LLC; 2500 South Power, LLC; and 2626 East
University, LLC

                                  OPINION

Judge Donn Kessler delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Presiding
Judge Peter B. Swann and Judge Lawrence F. Winthrop joined.

K E S S L E R, Judge:

¶1            The Estate of Yafit Butwin (“Yafit’s Estate”) and Yafit’s
mother and sole heir, Aisha Zrihan (collectively, “Appellants”), appeal the
probate court’s denial of a motion for summary judgment brought by
Yafit’s Estate and joined by Zrihan. The court’s order effectively denied
Appellants’ request for the establishment of a constructive trust over the
assets of James Butwin’s estate (“James’ Estate”) based on his murder of
Yafit Butwin and their children. For the following reasons, we affirm the
court’s ruling.

               FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2            In June 2012, James Butwin was found dead along with his
wife, Yafit Butwin, and their three children in an apparent murder-suicide.

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                      BUTWIN/ZRIHAN v. BUTWIN
                          Opinion of the Court

Probate proceedings were initiated to administer Yafit’s Estate and James’
Estate, and the cases were consolidated in October 2012.

¶3           After the Butwins’ deaths, Appellees C&C Acquisitions, LLC;
Hatten Real Estate of Scottsdale, LLC; Hatten Real Estate of Mesa, LLC; 2500
South Power, LLC; and 2626 East University, LLC (collectively, the
“Creditors”) discovered James Butwin had embezzled nearly one million
dollars from the Creditors in his capacity as the Creditors’ property
manager. They asserted claims against James’ Estate and obtained
judgments in January 2014 in the amounts stolen, $965,000 in total.

¶4            In August 2012, Zrihan filed a separate complaint for
wrongful death against James’ Estate. Zrihan was awarded damages of
$1,090,000 in the wrongful death action in late 2014. The assets in James’
Estate are insufficient to satisfy both the Creditors’ and Zrihan’s judgments.

¶5            Zrihan filed a petition for a constructive trust on James’
Estate. In May 2013, Zrihan moved for partial summary judgment as to
James Butwin’s criminal accountability for killing Yafit Butwin. The motion
asserted that “[s]uch a finding entitle[d] Mrs. Zrihan to a constructive trust
on all property in [James’ Estate] as a matter of law” pursuant to Arizona
Revised Statutes (“A.R.S.”) section 14-2803(F) (“Subsection F”) and (K)
(“Subsection K”) (Supp. 2015),1 and clarified that Zrihan sought the trust to
“secure any judgment arising from the wrongful death action.” The
probate court partially granted the motion, finding by a preponderance of
the evidence that “James Butwin was ‘criminally accountable’ for the
felonious and intentional killing of” Yafit Butwin pursuant to Subsection F.
However, the court “declin[ed] to consider whether there should be a
constructive trust pursuant to [Subsection K] on all property in [James’
Estate] to secure any judgment arising from the wrongful death action.”

¶6             Yafit’s Estate also petitioned for a constructive trust on James’
Estate to secure payment of the wrongful death judgment. In May 2014,
Yafit’s Estate moved for summary judgment, arguing that (1) A.R.S. § 14-
2803 allows a decedent’s estate to petition the court to impose a constructive
trust, and (2) such a constructive trust would have priority over any claims
made or judgments obtained after the time of the killer’s act because the

1 We cite the current version of applicable statutes when no revisions
material to this decision have since occurred. Although A.R.S. § 14-2803(K)
took effect on August 2, 2012, it “applies to crimes committed before the
effective date of [the] act.” See 2012 Ariz. Sess. Laws, ch. 277, § 2 (2d Reg.
Sess.).

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                      BUTWIN/ZRIHAN v. BUTWIN
                          Opinion of the Court

trust attaches at “the time of the killer’s act that caused the death,” A.R.S. §
14-2803(K). Zrihan joined in the motion.

¶7             The probate court denied the motion, stating that imposition
of a constructive trust pursuant to Subsection K required the “killer [to]
have suffered a ‘criminal conviction.’” The court concluded that “[b]ecause
no ‘criminal conviction’ of James Butwin occurred,” Subsection K was
inapplicable. Alternatively, the court held that even if the statute did apply,
Appellants still would not receive the scope of relief sought because the
statute did not affect priority of claims by estate creditors. Because no
triable issues of fact existed, the court entered the ruling as a final judgment.

¶8            Appellants timely filed a notice of appeal.             We have
jurisdiction pursuant to A.R.S. § 12-2101(A)(9) (Supp. 2015).2

                                DISCUSSION

¶9            When reviewing a motion for summary judgment, “we
determine de novo whether any genuine issues of material fact exist and
whether the trial court properly applied the law.” Rand v. Porsche Fin.
Servs., 216 Ariz. 424, 429, ¶ 15 (App. 2007). The facts in this case are not in
dispute, and all arguments on appeal address issues of statutory
construction, which we review de novo. Short v. Dewald, 226 Ariz. 88, 93, ¶
26 (App. 2010).

¶10            When interpreting a statute, we first look to the plain
language of the statute as the best indicator of legislative intent. Castro v.
Ballesteros-Suarez, 222 Ariz. 48, 52, ¶ 14 (App. 2009). “When statutory
language is clear and unambiguous, we give effect to it and do not use other
methods of statutory interpretation.” Id. (internal quotation marks and

2 Although a denial of a motion for summary judgment is not typically an
appealable order, “this [C]ourt may review such an order when the denial
is based strictly on a point of law.” Hauskins v. McGillicuddy, 175 Ariz. 42,
49 (App. 1992). The parties stipulated and the probate court properly found
that there were no disputed issues of fact, and the court’s ruling was based
solely on the issue of Subsection K’s effect. Additionally, Arizona probate
law “permits appeal of the final disposition of each formal proceeding
instituted in an unsupervised administration.” In re Estate of McGathy, 226
Ariz. 277, 280, ¶ 17 (2010). We hold that the judgment is appealable because
it finally resolved the only claim left in the probate matter: the competing
claims of the Creditors and the Appellants to James’ Estate.

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                      BUTWIN/ZRIHAN v. BUTWIN
                          Opinion of the Court

citation omitted). We must, if reasonably possible, give effect to each word
in a statute. Williams v. Thude, 188 Ariz. 257, 259 (1997).

¶11            Section 14-2803, Arizona’s “slayer statute,” Castro, 222 Ariz.
at 50, ¶ 1, prevents a person who feloniously and intentionally kills another
from receiving any benefits or property belonging to his victim, id. at 53, ¶
16. See also A.R.S. § 14-2803(A) (“A person who feloniously and
intentionally kills the decedent forfeits all benefits under this chapter with
respect to the decedent’s estate . . . .”). Arizona added Subsection K in 2012.
See Ariz. Sess. Laws, ch. 277, § 1 (2d Reg. Sess.). Section 14-2803 provides,
in relevant part, that:

       F. After all right to appeal has been exhausted, a judgment of
       conviction establishing criminal accountability for the
       felonious and intentional killing of the decedent conclusively
       establishes the convicted person as the decedent’s killer for
       purposes of this section. In the absence of a conviction, the
       court, on the petition of an interested person, shall determine
       whether, under the preponderance of evidence standard, the
       person would be found criminally accountable for the
       felonious and intentional killing of the decedent. If the court
       determines under that standard that the person would be
       found criminally accountable for the felonious and
       intentional killing of the decedent, the determination
       conclusively establishes that person as the decedent’s killer
       for purposes of this section.

       ....

       K. The decedent’s estate may petition the court to establish a
       constructive trust on the property or the estate of the killer,
       effective from the time of the killer’s act that caused the death,
       in order to secure the payment of all damages and judgments
       from conduct that, pursuant to subsection F of this section,
       resulted in criminal conviction of either spouse in which the
       other spouse or a child was the victim.

¶12           Appellants argue that because Subsection F refers to “this
section,” the discretion afforded to the court in Subsection F to identify the
killer under a preponderance of the evidence standard also applies to
Subsection K and a criminal conviction is not required to apply Subsection
K. We disagree.

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                      BUTWIN/ZRIHAN v. BUTWIN
                          Opinion of the Court

¶13           Appellants correctly note that a criminal conviction is not
necessary for A.R.S. § 14-2803’s application as a whole, that is, barring a
person found to be the killer of the decedent from rights to the decedent’s
estate. See A.R.S. § 14-2803(F) (“In the absence of a conviction . . . . the
[court’s] determination [whether a person would be found criminally
accountable] conclusively establishes that person as the decedent’s killer for
purposes of this section.”). However, the plain language of Subsection K
contains a specific limitation to Subsection K’s application: the killer’s
conduct must have “resulted in criminal conviction of either spouse in which
the other spouse or a child was the victim.” (Emphasis added). Thus, even
if the rest of A.R.S. § 14-2803 does not require a criminal conviction,
Subsection K expressly does. We cannot read Subsection F as controlling
Subsection K without rendering the “criminal conviction” language
superfluous. See Guzman v. Guzman, 175 Ariz. 183, 187 (App. 1993) (“A
statute is to be given such an effect that no clause, sentence or word is
rendered superfluous, void, contradictory or insignificant.”).           The
preponderance-based finding in Subsection F has the effect of establishing
an individual’s status as the “killer.” Subsection K concerns the estates of
persons who are “killers” under Subsection F – it then provides special
consequences for those who have been convicted. Harmonizing the two
subsections to give effect to all statutory language indicates that the
preponderance-based standard applies to all the other subsections of the
statute and bars the killer from benefitting from the decedent’s estate.
However, a criminal conviction is required to invoke the possibility of a
constructive trust over the killer’s assets under Subsection K.

¶14           Appellants provide several arguments in support of their
interpretation, all of which are unavailing. They first argue Subsection K
incorporates the standard set forth in Subsection F by reference. See A.R.S.
§ 14-2803(K) (“all damages and judgments from conduct that, pursuant to
subsection F of this section, resulted in criminal conviction” (emphasis
added)). This argument ignores the language in Subsection K requiring a
criminal conviction. Subsection K’s cross-reference to Subsection F
indicates that if the conduct described in Subsection F – the “felonious and
intentional killing of the decedent”– results in a criminal conviction, then a
constructive trust can be sought.

¶15          Next, Appellants argue the probate court’s interpretation
renders Subsection K’s reference to the killer’s “estate” meaningless. We
disagree. As the Creditors note, a killer could be convicted of a crime and
then pass away.

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                      BUTWIN/ZRIHAN v. BUTWIN
                          Opinion of the Court

¶16            Finally, Appellants argue the probate court’s interpretation
would produce absurd results, allowing individuals who escape custody,
die before final conviction, or commit suicide “to receive less sanction than
the act of one who . . . [is] convicted.” This argument also fails. We will not
construe statutes “in a way that produces absurd results,” City of Tucson v.
Clear Channel Outdoor, Inc., 218 Ariz. 172, 186, ¶ 47 (App. 2008), but this is
not an absurd result. The Legislature could have decided that although a
person who is found accountable for the death of the decedent under a
preponderance of the evidence standard should be barred from any benefits
in the decedent’s estate, a criminal conviction beyond a reasonable doubt
should apply before the decedent’s estate can petition for a constructive
trust on the perpetrator’s assets. If the Legislature wishes to allow a
decedent’s estate to obtain a constructive trust on the perpetrator’s assets
short of a criminal conviction, it can amend the statute.

¶17           Because we conclude that A.R.S. § 14-2803 is inapplicable to
the facts in this case, we do not reach Appellants’ arguments regarding
Subsection K’s potential effects on creditor priority.

                              CONCLUSION

¶18           For the foregoing reasons, we affirm. We will award the
Creditors’ taxable costs on appeal upon timely compliance with ARCAP 21.

                                   :ama

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