Court Opinion

ID: 4278253
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-05-24 20:00:31.86775+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:34:18.011006
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAY 24 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

CARLO MOERSCH, a citizen and resident           No.    17-55177
of the county of Luxembourg,
                                                D.C. No.
                Plaintiff-Appellee,             8:16-cv-00151-CJC-KES

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
CHARLES S. ZAHEDI, a citizen and
resident of California,

                Defendant-Appellant.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Central District of California
                   Cormac J. Carney, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 18, 2018**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: WARDLAW, NGUYEN, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.

      Charles Zahedi appeals from the district court’s grant of summary judgment

to Carlo Moersch. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de

novo a district court’s decision whether to recognize a foreign-country money

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
judgment under California’s Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments

Recognition Act (the “Uniform Act”). See Ohno v. Yasuma, 723 F.3d 984, 1001–

02 & n.20 (9th Cir. 2013). We affirm.

      1.     Zahedi has not carried his burden of establishing that his due process

rights were violated by the Luxembourg Court of Appeal. See Hyundai Sec. Co. v.

Lee, 182 Cal. Rptr. 3d 264, 268 (Ct. App. 2015). Though Zahedi alleges that he

lacked notice of the Luxembourg proceeding and was not present or represented by

counsel before the Luxembourg Court of Appeal, the record refutes these

allegations. An authenticated copy of the Luxembourg Court of Appeal’s

judgment indicates that Zahedi was represented. Zahedi cites his own declaration

to establish the contrary, but the district court did not abuse its discretion in finding

that the declaration fails to meet the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil

Procedure 56(c)(4) and thus is inadmissible.1 See Bias v. Moynihan, 508 F.3d
1212, 1224 (9th Cir. 2007).

      2.     The 300,000 euros that Zahedi contests as a “fine or penalty” not

subject to recognition under the Uniform Act, see Cal. Civ. Proc. Code

      1
              We deny Zahedi’s motion to supplement the record with a 2010 letter
that he allegedly sent his Luxembourg counsel informing her that he had moved to
California. Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 10(e) “cannot be used to add to or
enlarge the record on appeal to include material which was not before the district
court.” United States v. Walker, 601 F.2d 1051, 1054 (9th Cir. 1979).

                                            2
§ 1715(b)(2), was a compensatory award between civil litigants. It was not a

punitive judgment for a violation of a public offense. The award was therefore not

a “fine or penalty” for purposes of the Uniform Act and was subject to recognition.

See Java Oil Ltd. v. Sullivan, 86 Cal. Rptr. 3d 177, 183–84 (Ct. App. 2008).

      AFFIRMED.

                                         3