Court Opinion

ID: 9790799
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-31 01:59:40.975989+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:37:31.719215
License: Public Domain

WARREN, J.,
dissenting.
The majority not only holds that defendant can challenge his restitution on direct appeal despite his guilty *421plea, but also goes on to overrule three of our recent cases: State v. Ross, 108 Or App 560, 815 P2d 719 (1991); State v. King, 107 Or App 249, 810 P2d 413, rev den 312 Or 151 (1991); State v. Peters, 104 Or App 582, 801 P2d 904 (1990). It does that because it assumes that State v. Bateman, 95 Or App 456, 771 P2d 314, rev den 308 Or 197 (1989), has been legislatively superseded by the 1989 amendments to ORS 138.050.1 believe Bateman, Peters, King and Ross are all still good law. Accordingly, I dissent.
In my view, replacing the word “sentence” with “disposition” hardly merits wholesale reconsideration of our scope of review. Even if that change is as significant as the majority suggests, the legislature still did not touch the phrase “maximum allowable by law.” Because the legislature chose to keep that same language, I would continue to give it the same meaning that we have given it in our past cases. It means the statutory maximum. That is what we said it meant the last five times that we visited this question (i.e., the four cases above plus State v. Blaney, 101 Or App 273, 790 P2d 549 (1990)). The legislature has met twice since State v. Bateman, supra, was decided, and it has had ample opportunity to change the statutory language that we interpreted in our holdings. Because it did not do so, I would again conclude that “maximum allowable by law” continues to mean the statutory maximum.
To reach its result, the majority must construe the meaning of the statute. To do that it must first decide that it is ambiguous and then consult the legislative history to resolve the ambiguity. Satterfield v. Satterfield, 292 Or 780, 782, 643 P2d 336 (1982). Ibelieve that ORS 138.050 isplain onits face, so there is no need to construe its meaning. Still, even assuming that we need to construe the statute, and even assuming that the change from “sentence” to “disposition” somehow makes the phrase “maximum allowable by law” ambiguous, the majority reaches its result by ignoring the legislative history of the amendments. The purpose of those amendments that the majority uses to broaden our scope of review was in fact intended to narrow our review. Also, the legislative history shows that the legislature expressly rejected a set of amendments that would have broadened our scope of review.
*422In State v. Carmickle, 307 Or 1, 762 P2d 390 (1988), and State v. Donovan, 307 Or 461, 770 P2d 581 (1989), the Supreme Court held that defendants could refuse a probation term and demand to be incarcerated. In response to those cases, the Oregon District Attorneys’ Association requested a bill amending ORS 137.010 to prevent defendants from refusing probation. That bill became House Bill 2470,1 which was passed by the House and sent to the Senate, where it was assigned to the Senate Judiciary Committee. The State Court Administrator then suggested the amendments to ORS 138.040 and ORS 138.050 that the majority relies on.2
The State Court Administrator testified before the Judiciary Committee that one of the problems created by Donovan was how to handle appeals from probation. The Supreme Court held that, because probation is not a sentence and ORS 138.040 and ORS 138.050 govern appellate review of sentences, appeals from probation were not subject to the limitations in those statutes. Instead of dealing with the question of whether or not probation is a sentence, the Judicial Department and Attorney General’s office requested that “sentence” be changed to “disposition” in both sections *423so that judgments of probation would be reviewable in the same manner that a sentence is reviewable. Tape recording, Senate Judiciary Committee, May 24, 1989, tape 195, side A at 283-322. Senator Springer expressed concern that the change would broaden the appellate courts’ scope of review. The State Court Administrator stressed that the amendment would not change the appellate courts’ scope of review; it would only make probationary depositions reviewable in the same manner as any other criminal conviction. Senator Cohen, the Committee chair, also noted that the purpose of the amendments would be to narrow, rather than expand, the court’s scope of review. Tape recording, Senate Judiciary Committee, May 24, 1989, tape 195, side A at 384.
The Senate Judiciary Committee also rejected amendments that may have been intended to address our holding in State v. Bateman, supra. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) wanted to delete the phrase “cruel and unusual” from ORS 138.050(l)(b), thereby allowing defendants to challenge on direct appeal a sentence that was unconstitutional on any ground. Its concern lay in the fact that, if defendants could no longer refuse probation, they could not be considered to have “consented” to what arguably might be unconstitutional conditions of probation. Senator Shoemaker requested examples of probation conditions that would be reviewable under the amendment. Springer then specifically mentioned State v. Bateman, supra, and the fact that the court had not reached the merits of the case.3 The ACLU witness agreed and testified, “We believe that if that consent is taken away, courts will impose such unconstitutional conditions, and that it is very important those conditions be reviewable at the earliest possible time.” Tape recording, Senate Judiciary Committee, May 24, 1989, tape 196, side A at 81. (Emphasis supplied.) In other words, probation conditions could be reviewed on direct appeal, even after a guilty plea.
*424Those amendments were discussed again at a hearing on May 30. A committee staff attorney testified that, under the ACLU’s suggested amendment, a defendant could raise on direct appeal questions of proportionality, due process and equal protection, as opposed to direct review solely on the basis that the disposition was cruel and unusual. Springer mentioned the need to allow defendants to challenge on direct review probationary conditions that were not cruel and unusual but might otherwise be unconstitutional and again mentioned the Bateman case. Shoemaker questioned the need for the change, expressing his view that the legislature did not need to confer jurisdiction on the courts to review unconstitutional sentences. He went on to add that the amendments addressed both the appropriateness of appellate review and the scope of that review. He urged that the Committee reject the ACLU amendments and that direct appellate review under ORS 138.050 should include only claims of cruel and unusual punishment. He concluded that there were other vehicles to challenge other constitutional problems with statutes or sentences.4 At that point, Springer moved to adopt the ACLU’s amendment, and that motion was defeated. HB 2470, as amended, went on to be approved by the Senate, and the House concurred in the amendments.
In conclusion, the legislative history shows that the intention of the legislature was to narrow our scope of review — not broaden it, as the majority suggests —and that the legislature expressly rejected an opportunity to overturn our holding in State v. Bateman, supra. Therefore, Bateman, as well as Ross, King and Peters are all still good law. I would hold that defendant’s guilty plea precludes him from challenging the restitution order on direct appeal.
I dissent.
Joseph, C. J., and Richardson, J., join in this dissent.

 That bill provided, in part:
“Section 1. ORS 137.010 is amended to read:
(<$ * * * *
“(4) If the court announces that it intends to suspend imposition of execution of sentence, the defendant may, at that time, object and request imposition of sentence. In no case, however, does the defendant have a right to refuse the court’s order, and the court may suspend imposition or execution of sentence despite the defendant’s objection or request. If the court further announces that it intends to place the defendant on probation, the defendant may, at that time, object and request that probation or its conditions not be imposed or that different conditions be imposed. In no case, however, does the defendant have the right to refuse probation or any of the conditions of probation, and the court may place the defendant on probation subject to conditions despite the defendant’s objection or request.”

 Specifically, those amendments provided, in part:
“Section 5. ORS 138.050 is amended to read:
“(1) A defendant who has pleaded guilty or no contest may only take an appeal from a judgment [on conviction] or order described in section 3 of this 1989 Act where [if imposes a sentence that] the disposition:
“(a) Exceeds the maximum [sentence] allowable by law; or
“(b) Is unconstitutionally cruel and unusual.”
(Matter in bold face is new material; matter in italics and bracketed was existing law that was omitted.)

 Springer also gave some examples of probation conditions that could be unconstitutional without being cruel and unusual punishment: A court could order someone who had been convicted of passing bad checks to have a notice to that effect printed on his checks or even forbid him to have a checking account; if a defendant is convicted of credit card fraud, a court could impose as a condition of probation that he is forbidden from having any credit cards.

 Shoemaker is correct. If a defendant wishes to challenge his sentence after a plea of guilty, there is nothing to prevent him from doing so. He can either bring a challenge under one of the grounds under ORS 183.222, or file a petition for post-conviction relief. However, on direct appeal, he can only challenge his sentence if it exceeds the maximum allowable by law or otherwise is cruel and unusual.