Court Opinion

ID: 4364150
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-02-01 21:00:36.283429+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:23:11.475177
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        FEB 1 2019
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

EVERLITA BAGO BASUG,                            No.    13-71204

                Petitioner,                     Agency No. A059-444-357

  v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
MATTHEW G. WHITAKER, Acting
Attorney General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                      Argued and Submitted October 9, 2018
                               Honolulu, Hawaii

Before: WARDLAW, BERZON, and RAWLINSON, Circuit Judges.

       Everlita Bago Basug petitions for review of the Board of Immigration

Appeals’ (BIA) dismissal of her appeal challenging the Immigration Judge’s (IJ)

denial of her good faith waiver application and order of removal. We grant the

petition.

       Generally, “a deportation hearing is an administrative proceeding not bound

       *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
by strict rules of evidence; nonetheless, aliens must be accorded due process. The

sole test for admission of evidence is whether the evidence is probative and its

admission is fundamentally fair.” Espinoza v. I.N.S., 45 F.3d 308, 310 (9th Cir.

1995), as amended on denial of reh’g (Jan. 12, 1995) (internal citations omitted).

To ensure fundamental fairness, the government must make a reasonable effort to

provide a respondent with a reasonable opportunity to confront the witnesses

against her. Cunanan v. INS, 856 F.2d 1373, 1375 (9th Cir.1988).

      Basug’s hearing was fundamentally unfair because her absent ex-husband’s

written statements were admitted and significantly relied on by the IJ, without any

opportunity for Basug to confront him. The IJ noted Basug’s ex-husband’s

statements that he was a “victim of fraud” whom Basug had married for

immigration purposes, not love. The IJ also adopted his account that Basug had

asked him for money when she lived in the Philippines and moved out of their

shared home in Hawaii within days of arrival, despite direct conflicts between

Basug and her ex-husband’s testimony on these matters. The BIA, in affirming,

recognized that the IJ’s decision had taken account of the ex-husband’s testimonial

evidence in determining that Basug had not met her burden of proof regarding her

intent in entering into the marriage.

      Yet neither the government nor the IJ made any effort to facilitate alternative

methods of confrontation not foreclosed by the ex-husband’s poor health. For

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example, the government or IJ might have facilitated written interrogatories or a

deposition. Bachelier v. Immigration & Naturalization Serv., 625 F.2d 902, 904

(9th Cir. 1980). Such an opportunity was particularly important in this case, given

that Basug’s waiver application turns in part on her and her ex-spouse’s

comparative credibility. See Ching v. Mayorkas, 725 F. 3d 1149, 1159 (9th Cir.

2015).

      Alternatively, the IJ could have refused to consider Basug’s ex-husband’s

statements and the special agent’s testimony regarding what her ex-husband had

said. The IJ could have instead proceeded only on the documentary evidence,

Basug’s own testimony, and that of her witnesses. The evidentiary burden was on

Basug to establish the bona fides of the marriage. Oropeza-Wong v. Gonzales, 406

F.3d 1135, 1148 (9th Cir. 2005). The IJ could have determined whether Basug met

that burden by examining only the credibility of her and her witnesses’ testimony,

as well as the presence or absence of objective indices of good faith in entering the

marriage, like financial interdependence and extended cohabitation. Because the IJ

credited some of Basug’s ex-husband’s testimonial submissions over hers and

relied on them, however, the hearing was not fundamentally fair.

      GRANTED and REMANDED.

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                                                                           FILED
Basug v. Whitaker, Case No. 13-71204                                          FEB 01 2019
Rawlinson, Circuit Judge, dissenting:                                   MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

      I respectfully dissent. I disagree that the proceeding resulting in the denial

of the requested waiver from Everlita Bago Basug (Basug) was fundamentally

unfair. See Jiang v. Holder, 754 F.3d 733, 741 (9th Cir. 2014) (explaining that a

due process violation occurs “if the proceeding was so fundamentally unfair that

the alien was prevented from reasonably presenting his case”) (citation omitted). It

cannot be fairly said that Basug “was prevented from reasonably presenting [her]

case.” Id. (citation omitted). She testified, presented witnesses and introduced

evidence on her behalf.

      The sole basis for the claim of a due process violation was the admission of

a declaration from Basug’s eighty-year-old husband, who suffered from arterial

fibrillation, thyroid carcinoma and aortic aneurysm. He had also had a recent

operation on his stomach, and was bedridden. Nevertheless, the majority insists

that this infirm, aged man should have been subjected to “written interrogatories or

a deposition.” But, of course, there is no case authority supporting such a

requirement. Indeed, the husband’s physician verified that the husband was unable

to testify “due to [the husband’s] multiple medical problems,” including the

placement of a permanent pacemaker and surgeries for his thyroid, heart and lungs.

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      As the majority acknowledges, the rules of evidence do not apply in

immigration proceedings. Rather, the government need only make a “reasonable

effort” to produce the witness. Angov v. Lynch, 788 F.3d 893, 899 (9th Cir. 2015).

In view of the serious medical conditions from which this elderly man suffered and

his physician’s unrefuted opinion that the husband was unable to testify, no due

process violation occurred. See id. This is particularly true where Basug had an

unfettered opportunity to testify, present witnesses, and introduce evidence. See

Jiang, 754 F.3d at 741 (concluding that a due process violation occurs only if the

petitioner is “prevented from reasonably presenting his case”).

      I respectfully dissent.

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