Court Opinion

ID: 4546558
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-07-07 17:10:40.292645+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:51:05.971163
License: Public Domain

J-S27016-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 IN THE INTEREST OF:                  :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 N.R., A MINOR                        :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: C.S., MOTHER              :   No. 200 EDA 2020

             Appeal from the Order Entered January 3, 2020
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
                     No(s): CP-51-DP-0001362-2013

 IN THE INTEREST OF:                  :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 A.S., A MINOR                        :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: C.S., MOTHER              :   No. 201 EDA 2020

             Appeal from the Order Entered January 3, 2020
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
                     No(s): CP-51-DP-0000329-2016

 IN THE INTEREST OF:                  :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 I.R., A MINOR                        :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: C.S., MOTHER              :   No. 202 EDA 2020

             Appeal from the Order Entered January 3, 2020
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
                     No(s): CP-51-DP-0001648-2013
J-S27016-20

    IN THE INTEREST OF:                        :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    J.R., A MINOR                              :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: C.S., MOTHER                    :   No. 203 EDA 2020

                Appeal from the Order Entered January 3, 2020
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
                        No(s): CP-51-DP-0001869-2014

BEFORE:      SHOGAN, J., McCAFFERY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY McCAFFERY, J.:                                FILED JULY 7, 2020

        In these consolidated appeals, Appellant, C.S. (Mother), appeals from

the permanency review orders entered in the Philadelphia County Court of

Common Pleas, adopting the recommendations of the hearing officer that,

inter alia: four of her children,1 N.R. (born June 2013), A.S. (born November

2015), I.R. (born April 2010), and J.R. (born August 2014) (collectively, the

Children), be committed to the Philadelphia Department of Human Services

____________________________________________

*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1Mother has three additional children, who are not the subject of these
matters, who reside with their father.

      Additionally, we note the parental rights of the fathers of N.R., I.R., and
J.R. were previously terminated. See Decrees of Involuntary Termination of
Parental Rights, 5/25/17; Decree of Termination of Parental Rights – Confirm
Consent, 1/10/17; see also N.T., 1/3/20, at 10-12. The whereabouts of
A.S.’s father — A.H. — are unknown. Trial Ct. Op., 2/12/20, at 20.

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(DHS); legal custody be transferred to DHS; and the Children be placed in

kinship care, pending referral. After careful review, we affirm the trial court’s

orders.

       The trial court summarized the relevant procedural and factual history

as follows:

             Dependency Petitions for the Children were filed by DHS on
       10/01/2019,[2] after a [general protective services (GPS)] Report
       dated August 1, 2019, alleged that A.S. stated that he had eaten
       feces; that his older sibling hit him and told him not to disclose
       the family’s business; A.S. explained he had been forced to ingest
       feces because he had been having accidents [sic]. The Report
       further alleged A.S. had presented the previous Monday with a
       gash on his face between his eyes and his elbow was wrapped and
       swollen; Mother stated that she had attempted to stop A.S. from
       falling by grabbing his arm and that his elbow was pulled in the
       process. Mother stated that she did not take A.S. to a doctor;
       that he appeared to be in pain whenever he played or when
       something touched his elbow; when asked to provide a doctor’s
       note, Mother stated that A.S. was fine. The Report alleged that
       Mother was visibly intoxicated on 7/31/2019, when she picked up
       A.S. from school and the incident was reported to the Director of
       the school. The Report was determined to be valid.

           On October 15, 2019, the 4 Children were [a]djudicated
       [d]ependent, and remained in Mother’s legal custody with DHS
       [s]upervision. Safety plan to be implemented and Mother was
       ordered to [the Clinical Evaluation Unit (CEU)] for forthwith drug
       screen plus 1 random prior to next hearing date. Mother was also
       ordered to have a parenting refresher course. (Orders of
       Adjudication and Disposition, 10/15/2019).

____________________________________________

2 DHS had been involved with the family since 2012. Custody was previously
returned to Mother on May 2, 2019, and court supervision of the three older
children — N.R., I.R., and J.R. — was recently terminated on July 24, 2019,
with the Community Umbrella Agency (CUA) to offer aftercare services, if
needed. See Orders for Termination of Court Supervision, 7/24/19. Custody
Decrees 5/2/19.

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Trial Ct. Op., 2/12/20, at 15-16.

       Thereafter, an initial permanency review hearing was held on January

3, 2020, before Hearing Officer Vincent Giusini, Esquire. Mother, although not

present, was represented by court-appointed counsel, William Rice, Esquire.

The Children were represented by a guardian ad litem, Scott Gessner,

Esquire.3

       Significantly, Mother had a history of substance abuse and mental health

issues and did not attend therapy4 or the random drug and alcohol screen

ordered at the October 2019 adjudicatory hearing.5 N.T., 1/3/20, at 3-5. See

____________________________________________

3 By order entered October 2, 2019, Attorney Gessner was appointed as
guardian ad litem and/or counsel. Order Appointing Counsel, 10/2/19. We
observe that Attorney Gessner was referred to as a child advocate in the notes
of testimony. N.T., 1/3/20, at 2. Attorney Gessner did not submit a brief on
behalf of the Children to this Court.

4 Attorney Rice acknowledged that Mother did not attend therapy.          N.T.,
1/3/20, at 4.

5 Attorney Rice argued that Mother’s attendance at the random screen is
disputed. N.T., 1/3/20, at 5. While he referenced Mother’s testimony to this
effect, it is unclear to which proceeding he was referring. See id. We further
observe the notes of testimony begin somewhat abruptly with DHS’s request
for temporary legal custody. Id. at 3. There is also reference to testimony
by the children’s paternal grandmother, M.V. (Paternal Grandmother) that she
could use the “help” that a kinship referral would provide. Id. at 4.
Additionally, CUA worker Beverly Jackson specifically provided testimony as
to the safety of I.R., J.R., and A.S. Although there is the suggestion that the
same was provided for N.R., this is also not included. Id. at 10-13. Upon
informal inquiry by this Court, the trial court advised that there are no
additional transcripts or volumes of testimony.

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also Exhibit DHS-2, 10/15/19; CEU Reports, 1/4/18, 9/22/14, 6/17/14,

3/21/14, 12/27/13; Exhibits M-1 to M-3, 2/11/15.          Further, there was a

suggestion of Mother’s behavioral change and/or worsening behavior as

confirmed by CUA worker, Beverly Jackson. Id. at 4, 8. Moreover, Mother

was having problems paying her bills and was potentially facing eviction. Id.

at 3, 5, 8. The Children, however, resided mainly with Paternal Grandmother

through a family arrangement.6 Id. at 5-6, 10. DHS requested temporary

legal custody for Paternal Grandmother, with DHS supervision; notably,

Mother, through counsel, agreed.7 Id. at 3-5. The Children’s guardian ad

litem, Attorney Gessner, however, requested fully committing the Children to

____________________________________________

6   Ms. Jackson testified the Children do spend some nights with Mother:

        [O]ver the break, two of the children spent two — three nights
        with Mom. So, during the weekend, sometimes if Mom is not
        working a day or two, the kids will stay there, two of the
        children — maybe four of them, but most of the times, it’s just the
        two and she’ll take them to school.

                                       *       *   *

        — or pick them up early and then they stay the night and she
        takes them back the next day.

N.T., 1/3/20, at 6.

7Despite DHS’ request for temporary legal custody at the permanency review
hearing, in its brief filed in this Court, DHS supports the trial court’s orders
adopting the Hearing Officer’s recommendation for fully committing the
Children to DHS custody with a kinship referral. See DHS’s Brief at 6-10.

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DHS custody, and placing the Children in kinship care with Paternal

Grandmother. Id. at 4-5.

       Hearing Officer Giusini made the following recommendations: that the

Children be fully committed to DHS, legal custody be transferred to DHS, and

the Children be placed in kinship care, pending referral. Mother was further

referred to CEU to submit to three random drug and alcohol screenings and

Behavioral Health Services (BHS) for consultation/evaluation. Visitation with

Mother was to be liberal and unsupervised. However, visitation was to be

supervised by Paternal Grandmother if Mother tested positive or failed to

appear for a drug and alcohol screen.            Recommendation – Permanency

Review, 1/3/20, at 1-2; N.T., 1/3/20, at 6-9. The trial court adopted these

recommendations by orders the same day.8 Recommendation – Permanency

Review, 1/3/20, at 2.

       On January 9, 2020, Mother, who was still represented by Attorney Rice,

filed timely, pro se notices of appeal and Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) concise

____________________________________________

8 We note Mother did not file a motion, pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of
Juvenile Court Procedure 1191, challenging the hearing officer’s
recommendations. See Pa.R.J.C.P. 1191(C) (“A party may challenge the
juvenile court hearing officer’s recommendation by filing a motion with the
clerk of courts within three days of receipt of the recommendation.”).
However, this Court has held “Rule 1191 does not require a party to challenge
a master's recommendation” and that the lack of such a motion does not waive
the issue for our review. In Interest of J.P., 178 A.3d 861, 865 (Pa. Super.
2018).

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statements of errors complained of on appeal.9 On January 15th, the trial

court ordered Attorney Rice to file amended Rule 1925(b) statements within

ten days. See Commonwealth v. Jette, 23 A.3d 1032, 1036 (Pa. 2011)

(Court’s long-standing policy precludes hybrid representation). Attorney Rice

complied, filing the statements with this Court on January 23rd. This Court

sua sponte consolidated Mother’s appeals on February 7th.

       On appeal, Mother raises the following issue for our review:

       The trial court erred and/or abused its discretion by entering
       orders on January 3, 2020, accepting the recommendations of
       Juvenile Court Hearing Officer Vincent Giusini committing Mother’s
       children to [DHS]. More specifically, [DHS] has failed to meet its
       burden to demonstrate that removal from Mother’s care was a
       clear to [sic] necessity.

Mother’s Brief at 7.      Mother argues the trial court erred in accepting the

recommendation of the hearing officer “despite the fact that the basis of the

recommendation was based largely upon speculation.” Id. at 13.     She

contends, “The evidence or lack thereof did not rise to the level of a clear

necessity which is required to remove a child from the care of a parent.” Id.

No relief is due.

       We observe our standard of review for dependency cases:

____________________________________________

9 See In re H.S.W.C.-B & S.E.C.-B., 836 A.2d 908, 911 (Pa. 2003) (with
regard to dependency matters, “[a]n order granting or denying a status
change, as well as an order terminating or preserving parental rights, shall be
deemed final when entered”); Stewart v. Foxworth, 65 A.3d 468, 471 (Pa.
Super. 2013) (“An appeal lies only from a final order, unless permitted by rule
or statute.”).

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     [T]he standard of review in dependency cases requires an
     appellate court to accept the findings of fact and credibility
     determinations of the trial court if they are supported by the
     record, but does not require the appellate court to accept the
     lower court’s inferences or conclusions of law. Accordingly, we
     review for an abuse of discretion.

In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010) (citations omitted). As we have

stated:

     In addition[, a]lthough bound by the facts as found by the trial
     court and supported by the record, we are not bound by the trial
     court’s inferences, deductions, and conclusions therefrom; we
     must exercise our independent judgment in reviewing the court’s
     determination, as opposed to its findings of fact, and must order
     whatever right and justice dictate. We review for an abuse of
     discretion. Our scope of review, accordingly, is of the broadest
     possible nature. It is this Court’s responsibility to ensure that the
     record represents a comprehensive inquiry and that the hearing
     judge has applied the appropriate legal principles to that record.
     Nevertheless, we accord great weight to the court’s fact-finding
     function because the court is in the best position to observe and
     rule on the credibility of the parties and the witnesses.

In re K.J., 27 A.3d 236, 241 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citation omitted).

     Section 6351 of the Pennsylvania Juvenile Act, “Disposition of

dependent child,” provides in relevant part:

          (a) General rule.—If the child is found to be a dependent
     child the court may make any of the following orders of disposition
     best suited to the safety, protection and physical, mental, and
     moral welfare of the child:

               (1) Permit the child to remain with his parents, guardian,
          or other custodian, subject to conditions and limitations as
          the court prescribes, including supervision as directed by the
          court for the protection of the child.

               (2) Subject to conditions and limitations as the court
          prescribes transfer temporary legal custody to any of the
          following:

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                  (i) Any individual resident within or without this
              Commonwealth, including any relative, who, after study
              by the probation officer or other person or agency
              designated by the court, is found by the court to be
              qualified to receive and care for the child.

                  (ii) An agency or other private organization licensed
              or otherwise authorized by law to receive and provide
              care for the child.

                                 *    *    *

          (b) Required placement findings.—Prior to entering any
     order of disposition under subsection (a) that would remove a
     dependent child from his home, the court shall enter findings on
     the record or in the order of court as follows:

              (1) that continuation of the child in his home would be
          contrary to the welfare, safety or health of the child; and

               (2) whether reasonable efforts were made prior to the
          placement of the child to prevent or eliminate the need for
          removal of the child from his home, if the child has remained
          in his home pending such disposition[.]

42 Pa.C.S. § 6351(a)(1)-(2), (b)(1)-(2).

     Further, as to the removal of a child, this Court has explained:

     . . . The Juvenile Act has been interpreted to allow for the removal
     of a child from the custody of his parents only where there is clear
     necessity for such removal. Such necessity is implicated where
     the welfare of the child demands that he be taken from his
     parents’ custody. We note that a decision to remove a child from
     his or her parents’ custody must be reconciled with the
     “paramount purpose” of preserving family unity.                 This
     reconciliation may require that temporary custody of the child be
     given to someone other than the parents until such time as the
     welfare of the child no longer demands that he be separated from
     his parents. Ultimately, a hearing court is given broad discretion
     in meeting the goal of entering a disposition “best suited to the
     protection and physical, mental, and moral welfare of the child.”

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In Re S.M., 614 A.2d 312, 314-15 (Pa. Super. 1992) (citations omitted).

      In support of its adoption of the hearing officer’s recommendations, the

trial court reasoned:

           If the court finds that [a] child is Dependent, then the court
      may make an appropriate disposition of the child to protect the
      child’s physical, mental and moral welfare, including allowing the
      child to remain with the parents subject to supervision,
      transferring temporary legal custody to a relative or public
      agency, or transferring custody to the juvenile court of another
      state. 42 Pa.C.S. § 6351(a).

           Mother alleges that the Trial Court erred in removing the
      Children from Mother’s care and committing to DHS. This Court
      disagrees. Once the adjudication of dependency was made as to
      these Children on October 15, 2019, this Court continued the
      family agreement between Mother and Paternal Grandmother and
      ordered DHS Supervision. Mother was ordered forthwith to CEU
      for a drug screen plus 1 random drug screen prior to the next
      Court date, and also a parenting refresher course.

           However, at the next hearing, on January 3, 2020, a Court
      Hearing Officer heard credible, persuasive testimony that Mother
      failed to attend the drug screen ordered on 10/15/2019. Mother
      has a history of using PCP and methamphetamines and she has a
      history of displaying violence and hostility. Therefore, the Court
      Hearing Officer expressed his concerns about Mother and
      concluded it was clear and necessary for the welfare of the
      Children to be in placement with Paternal Grandmother.

           Clear necessity of removal is implicated where the welfare of
      a child demands that he or she be taken from their parents’ care.
      In re S.M., 614 A.2d 312 [(Pa. Super. 1992)]. Once adjudication
      of dependency has been made and the court finds clear necessity
      for removal of the child from custody of parent, the court will
      award custody based on [the] best interest of the child. Walker
      v. Johnson, [891 F. Supp. 1040 (M.D. Pa. 1995)].

           This Court found persuasive, sufficient evidence was
      presented at the Permanency Review Hearing to support the
      finding that conditions were present that necessitated placement
      of the Children in Foster Care, specifically, Kinship Care with

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        Paternal Grandmother, and that it would be contrary to their
        welfare and best interests to have them remain with Mother at
        this time.

             Beverly Jackson, CUA Worker, testified that the two of the
        four children were spending three nights with Mother, usually over
        the weekends, but if they are school days, then Mother will take
        them to school. She stated the CUA is uncomfortable with
        unsupervised visits for Mother if temporary legal custody is given
        to Paternal Grandmother, however, Ms. Jackson stated there are
        no safety issues with Mother.[10] Further, Ms. Jackson agreed with
        the proposal of Mother obtaining three drug screens because of
        her behavior and possible eviction from where she is living
        because of nonpayment of bills.

             Ms. Jackson testified that N.R., 6 ½ years old; I.R., 9 ½ years
        old; and J.R., 5 ½ years old, all attended Cramp Elementary
        School. They do not have educational issues and are up-to-date
        on medical and dental. She further testified that A.S., 4 years
        old, has no educational issues, no developmental concerns, and is
        up-to-date on medical and dental. She stated the Children were
        safe in the current placement setting as of 1/2/2020. A PLS was
        received for A.S.’s Father, A.H. . . . Ms. Jackson testified she was
        unsuccessful in outreach to him at that address[;] therefore,
        A.S.’s Father’s whereabouts remains unknown.

        CONCLUSION:

____________________________________________

10   When examined on the issue of safety, Ms. Jackson testified as follows:

             [Guardian ad litem]: Is CUA comfortable with supervised
        visits? Do you think there’s any safety issues there?

            MS. JACKSON: Not — not really.

            [Guardian ad litem]: But they’re not really comfortable.

             MS. JACKSON: But I can’t — I can’t — I can’t say. I — yeah,
        I really can’t say.

N.T., 1/3/20, at 7-8.

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           This Court reviewed the Findings and Recommendations of
      the Juvenile Court Hearing Officer, who heard credible, persuasive
      testimony from the CUA worker based on her first-hand
      knowledge of the Children. The Hearing Officer also expressed
      concerns regarding Mother’s history of substance abuse, her
      failure to comply with the previous Court order for her to provide
      a drug screen on 10/15/2019, plus 1 random drug screen prior to
      the 1/03/2020 Hearing. He was also concerned about Mother’s
      history of displaying violence and hostility. This Court found the
      Recommendations were in the best interest of the Children and
      therefore, adopted it. . . .

Trial Ct. Op. at 18-20 (citations to record omitted).

      Upon review, we discern no abuse of discretion. To the extent Mother

disputes the credibility of the witnesses and weight of the evidence, no relief

is due. See In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d at 1190; In re K.J., 27 A.3d at 241. The

evidence supports the trial court’s adoption of the hearing officer’s

recommendations, as well as the court’s conclusion that full committal to DHS,

with transfer of legal custody and kinship referral, was in Children’s best

interests and best suited to their protection and physical, mental and moral

welfare. We thus affirm the trial court’s orders.

      Orders affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/07/2020

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