Court Opinion

ID: 4234341
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-01-04 19:23:05.202929+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:42:57.517103
License: Public Domain

J-S73004-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JAHRELL R. SIBILLY                         :
                                               :
                      Appellant                :   No. 663 MDA 2017

             Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence March 21, 2017
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-21-CR-0001860-2016

BEFORE:       OLSON, J., DUBOW, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                              FILED JANUARY 04, 2018

        Appellant, Jahrell R. Sibilly, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered on March 21, 2017, following his open guilty plea to terroristic

threats with the intent to terrorize another.1 We affirm.

        The trial court set forth the facts of this case as follows:

        On or about August 27, 2015, [Appellant], while an inmate at
        the State Correctional Institution at Camp Hill, authored a letter
        to [J.B.],[2] the Institution’s Unit Manager. Within the letter,
        [Appellant] threatened [J.B.] with extreme acts of torture which
        included blowtorching her sexual organs, pouring boiling hot
        “Drano” and bleach over her body, taking a hammer to her
        extremities, and raping her. He affixed his signature and inmate
        number to the letter.

____________________________________________

1    18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2706(a)(1).

2    We use the victim’s initials to protect her identity.

____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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       Sometime in November of 2015, [J.B.] received another letter
       from [Appellant]. The letter, like the previous one, contained
       threats against [the victim]. This time, [Appellant] reassured
       her that he was going to follow through with the threats in the
       previous letter, and that it was meant to show her how obsessed
       he is with keeping his word on his threats. The letter ended
       with, “See you soon.” Again, [Appellant] affixed his signature
       and inmate number, as well as his address, to the letter.

       When confronted, [Appellant] admitted to authoring and sending
       the letters to [J.B.]. He explained that it was his intent to make
       [the victim] take him seriously, and that he wrote the letters out
       of anger and desire to scare her. He was charged with two
       counts of terroristic threats for the letters. He entered an open
       guilty plea to one count which resulted in the sentence which is
       the subject of this appeal. [The trial court sentenced Appellant
       to 9 months to five years of imprisonment on March 21, 2017].

Trial Court Opinion, 7/10/2017, at 1-2. This timely appeal resulted.3

       On appeal, Appellant presents the following issue for our review:

       Whether the trial court abused its discretion and committed
       reversible error when it sentenced Appellant to undergo
       imprisonment in a state correctional institution for not less than
       nine (9) months nor more than five (5) years?

Appellant’s Brief at 4 (complete capitalization omitted).

       In sum, Appellant contends:
____________________________________________

3    Appellant did not file a timely post-sentence motion to modify his
sentence. Instead, on April 13, 2017, Appellant filed a counseled motion to
modify sentence nunc pro tunc. Appellant did not offer a reason for the late
filing. The trial court took no express action on Appellant’s request to
proceed nunc pro tunc and, on April 20, 2017, the trial court entered an
order simply denying Appellant post-sentence relief. Appellant filed a timely
notice of appeal on April 20, 2017. The trial court entered an order on April
25, 2017, directing Appellant to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Appellant complied
timely on May 12, 2017. The trial court issued an opinion pursuant to
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) on July 10, 2017.

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      In the present case, Appellant submits that the trial court
      abused its discretion when it sentenced Appellant to a sentence
      of nine (9) months to five (5) years. Specifically, Appellant
      asserts that he has never been made eligible for parole and has
      only recently maxed out his original sentence of three to eight
      years. In addition, Appellant is currently maxing out a one to two
      year sentence imposed for a felony offense. Finally, because the
      present offense occurred while Appellant was incarcerated, the
      likelihood that he will be considered for parole at the expiration
      of his minimum term is extremely low. Accordingly, given
      Appellant’s sentencing history, it is likely that Appellant will
      serve the entire five[-]year sentence imposed in this case,
      despite a guideline range of [restorative sanctions] to nine (9)
      months for a misdemeanor offense. As such, Appellant contends
      that the maximum sentence of five years imposed in this case
      was excessive and unreasonable.

      In support of his argument that the five year maximum sentence
      was excessive, Appellant relies upon the dissenting opinion in
      Commonwealth v. Lee, 876 A.2d 408 (Pa. Super 2005).

Id. at 9.

      Appellant’s      claim        presents       a          challenge        to

the discretionary aspects of sentencing.   “When   an      appellant   challenges

the discretionary aspects of his sentence, we must consider his brief on this

issue as a petition for permission to appeal.” Commonwealth v. Heaster,

171 A.3d 268, (Pa. Super. 2017) (internal citation omitted). Prior to

reaching the merits of a discretionary sentencing issue,

      this Court conducts a four-part analysis to determine: (1)
      whether     Appellant    has   filed    a    timely   notice   of
      appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was
      properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider
      and modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. [720]; (3) whether
      Appellant's brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4)
      whether      there    is    a     substantial    question    that

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        the sentence appealed    from    is   not appropriate        under
        the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).

Id. at 271–272 (internal citations and brackets omitted).

        Initially, we note that Appellant did not file a timely post-sentence

motion within 10 days as required under Pa.R.Crim.P. 720.       It is well-settled

that:

        To be entitled to file a post-sentence motion nunc pro tunc, a
        defendant must, within 30 days after the imposition of sentence,
        demonstrate sufficient cause, i.e., reasons that excuse the late
        filing....When the defendant has met this burden and has shown
        sufficient cause, the trial court must then exercise its discretion
        in deciding whether to permit the defendant to file the
        post-sentence motion nunc pro tunc. If the trial court chooses
        to permit a defendant to file a post-sentence motion nunc pro
        tunc, the court must do so expressly [within thirty days after the
        imposition of the sentence].

Commonwealth v. Batty, 169 A.3d 70, 72 n.4 (Pa. Super. 2017).                 “The

trial court's resolution of the merits of the late post-sentence motion is no

substitute    for   an   order   expressly   granting   nunc   pro   tunc relief.”

Commonwealth v. Capaldi, 112 A.3d 1242, 1244 (Pa. Super. 2015).

        Here, upon review of Appellant’s untimely post-sentence motion,

Appellant acknowledged that it was filed outside of the 10-day provision of

Rule 720, but did not offer a reason for the late filing.      Moreover, despite

Appellant’s request for nunc pro tunc relief, the trial court did not expressly

grant nunc pro tunc relief. Instead, it merely denied Appellant’s requested

relief, i.e., the modification of his sentence. Thus, Appellant’s discretionary

sentencing challenge is subject to dismissal because he failed to properly

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preserve his sentencing claim before the trial court in a timely post-sentence

motion or a post-sentence motion filed nunc pro tunc with express leave of

the trial court.

      In addition, we note that Appellant did not set forth separate sections

in his appellate brief pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) and (f). Appellant was

required to set forth a concise statement of the reasons relied upon for

allowance of appeal with regard to the discretionary aspects of sentencing as

required under Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f), as well as a separate argument section as

required pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a). Upon review, Appellant combined

both briefing requirements into a single section in his appellate brief. See

Appellant’s Brief at 8-10.    However, the Commonwealth has not objected,

we are able to discern Appellant’s claim, and we decline to find waiver based

upon non-compliance with Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f).          See Commonwealth v.

Brougher, 978 A.2d 373, 375 (Pa. Super. 2009) (claims relating to the

discretionary aspects of a sentence are waived if an appellant does not

include a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement in his brief and the opposing party

objects to the statement's absence; where the appellant has failed to comply

with the requirement of 2119(f) but the Commonwealth did not object to the

statement's absence, we will not find appellant's claims waived).

      Nevertheless, Appellant has failed to raise a substantial question to

implicate our review. The determination of whether a particular issue raises

a   substantial    question   is   to   be    evaluated   on   a   case-by-case

basis. Commonwealth v. Bishop, 831 A.2d 656, 660 (Pa. Super. 2003).

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“In order to establish a substantial question, the appellant must show

actions by the sentencing court inconsistent with the Sentencing Code or

contrary to the fundamental norms underlying the sentencing process.” Id.

“Bald allegations of excessiveness, unaccompanied by a plausible argument

that the sentence imposed violated a provision of the Sentencing Code or is

contrary to the fundamental norms underlying the sentencing scheme, are

insufficient to raise a substantial question.”    Commonwealth v. Lee, 876
A.2d 408, 412 (Pa. Super. 2005).

       In Lee, the appellant advanced a similar claim as in the case sub

judice.4    Lee argued “that his sentence [was] excessive because of his

expectation that he [would] not be paroled by the Pennsylvania Board of

Probation and Parole (“PBPP”) at expiration of his minimum sentence.”

Commonwealth v. Lee, 876 A.2d 408, 412 (Pa. Super. 2005) (record

citation omitted). Lee did not dispute the minimum sentence imposed and

conceded that his sentence fell within the sentencing guidelines.            Id.

Ultimately, in Lee, we determined that minimum sentences, over an

aggregated term of two years, are subject to the exclusive authority of the

PBPP in granting parole.        Id., citing 61 P.S. § 311.17.   “Inasmuch as the

____________________________________________

4   Appellant currently relies upon the dissenting opinion in Lee. See
Appellant’s Brief at 9-10.      However, we are not bound by dissenting
opinions. See Commonwealth v. Thompson, 985 A.2d 928, 942 (Pa.
2009)(“Of course, persuasive as they are, neither the dissent of the Chief
Justice nor the dissent by Mr. Justice Eakin is binding precedent....”).

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decision to grant parole rests exclusively with the PBPP, the issue of parole is

not a fundamental norm underlying the sentencing process.” Id. Thus, we

determined that Lee failed to raise a substantial question for our review.

       Here, there is no dispute that Appellant’s sentence fell within the

sentencing guidelines. Moreover, Appellant does not challenge the minimum

sentence imposed and, instead, argues only that it is unlikely that he will be

paroled upon the expiration of his minimum sentence.            As such, Appellant

does not contend that his sentence violated the sentencing code. Moreover,

the decision to grant parole does not implicate a fundamental norm

underlying the sentencing scheme.          Accordingly, we conclude that, in this

case, Appellant has failed to raise a substantial question and we decline to

address the merits of Appellant’s sentencing claim.

       Even if he were to find that Appellant’s claim raised a substantial

question, we would affirm the trial court’s decision. “Sentencing is a matter

vested in the sound discretion of the sentencing judge, whose judgment will

not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion.” Lee, 876 A.2d at 413

(internal citation omitted). “Discretion is abused when the course pursued

[by the trial court] represents not merely an error of judgment, but where

the judgment is manifestly unreasonable or where the law is not applied or

where the record shows that the action is a result of partiality, prejudice,

bias, or ill will.”   Id. (citation omitted; brackets in original).

       A standard range sentence for terroristic threats, with Appellant’s prior

record score of two, is restorative sanctions to nine months’ imprisonment.

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42 Pa.C.S.A. §     9721.     The offense was graded as a first-degree

misdemeanor, carrying a statutory maximum of five years of imprisonment.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 1104.     The trial court considered these guidelines prior to

imposing Appellant’s sentence. Additionally, the trial court had the benefit

of a pre-sentence investigation report and victim impact statements prior to

imposing Appellant’s sentence. See Commonwealth v. Ventura, 975 A.2d
1128, 1135 (Pa. Super. 2009) (stating that where a sentencing court is

informed by a pre-sentence investigation report, it is “presumed that the

court is aware of all appropriate sentencing factors,” which includes the

applicable sentencing guidelines).    Thus, we presume the trial court was

aware of all of the relevant factors prior to imposing Appellant’s sentence.

      A trial court is also required to state, on the record, its reasons for the

imposition of a sentence that considers “the protection of the public, the

gravity of the offense as it relates to the impact on the life of the victim and

on the community, and the rehabilitative needs of the defendant.”              42

Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b).

      When imposing Appellant’s sentence, the trial court stated that it

“appreciate[d] the changes [Appellant] made in [his] life since [the incidents

at issue] occurred, but the offense is a very serious offense, and it caused

great hardship on the victim in this case.” N.T. Sentencing, 3/21/2017, at 5.

Likewise, in its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court opined that Appellant’s

sentence was “based upon the serious nature of the offense as well as the

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devastating impact it had upon his victim, as described in her own words.”

Trial Court Opinion, 7/10/2017, at 2.

      In reviewing the record on appeal, we are obligated to examine:

      (1)    The nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and
             characteristics of the defendant.

      (2)    The opportunity of the sentencing court to observe            the
             defendant, including any presentence investigation.

      (3)    The findings upon which the sentence was based.

      (4)    The guidelines promulgated by the commission.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(d). An “appellate court shall vacate [a] sentence and

remand the case to the sentencing court with instructions if it finds […] the

sentencing court sentenced within the sentencing guidelines but the case

involves circumstances where the application of the guidelines would be

clearly unreasonable.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(c)(2).

      Upon review, we discern no abuse of discretion in sentencing

Appellant.   Appellant, on the verge of being released from prison, sent

intimidating letters to a prison staff member, threatening her with extreme

violence upon his release. The trial court recognized the seriousness of the

offense and the effect on the victim.      It also implicitly determined that

rehabilitation efforts had been fruitless, because Appellant committed an

additional, serious crime from prison. Thus, the trial court stated its reasons

for Appellant’s sentence and we discern no abuse of discretion. Hence, we

conclude that Appellant’s sentence falls within the sentencing guidelines and

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the   statutory   maximum   and   is    not     manifestly   excessive   or   clearly

unreasonable. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of sentence.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/4/2018

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