Court Opinion

ID: 9897717
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-14 19:24:10.39418+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:16:01.111139
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

              Present: Judges Malveaux, Raphael and Callins
UNPUBLISHED

              WILLIAM ROY FOSTER
                                                                              MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.     Record No. 1655-22-4                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                                 OCTOBER 17, 2023
              COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

                                   FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF WARREN COUNTY
                                           Dennis L. Hupp, Judge Designate

                              (Jason E. Ransom; Ransom/Silvester, on briefs), for appellant.
                              Appellant submitting on briefs.

                              (Jason S. Miyares, Attorney General; Michael L. Eaton, Assistant
                              Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

                     A jury convicted William Roy Foster of statutory burglary. On appeal, he challenges the

              sufficiency of the evidence. After examining the briefs and record in this case, the panel

              unanimously holds that oral argument is unnecessary because “the appeal is wholly without merit.”

              Code § 17.1-403(ii)(a); Rule 5A:27(a). For the following reasons, we affirm the trial court’s

              judgment.

                                                       BACKGROUND

                     Dawn Marshall testified that in October 2020, she owned a floral shop in Front Royal,

              Virginia. She arrived at the shop between 6:30 and 7:00 on the morning of October 24, 2020,

              entering through the locked back door. When she walked into the front room, she saw a large hole

              smashed in the glass front door. “Everything was knocked over” and “a mess.” The cash register’s

              computer monitor was on the ground, the front piece of the register drawer was broken, and coins

                     *
                         This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1-413(A).
were “all over the floor.” Additionally, Marshall’s safe—which contained checks and

approximately $6,000 in cash—was missing.

        Front Royal Police Investigator Landon Waller lifted a latent fingerprint from the “inner

surface” of the cash register. At trial, Annaliese Dietz, a forensic scientist with the Department of

Forensic Science (DFS), testified as an expert in latent print comparison and analysis. Dietz

explained that she ran the latent print through Virginia and the FBI’s AFIS1 databases, but those

searches yielded no “candidates” for “further comparisons.” She then compared the latent print to

Foster’s known fingerprint card.2 Dietz testified that the latent print from the register “could be

identified to” Foster’s left middle finger. This finding was supported by DFS latent print supervisor

Jessica Davis, who testified that she also concluded that the latent print from the register matched

Foster’s left middle finger.

        At the close of the Commonwealth’s case, Foster moved to strike the evidence, arguing that

the latent fingerprint on the register was insufficient to prove that he was the burglar. The trial court

denied the motion. Gerald Cole, whom the trial court also qualified as an expert in latent fingerprint

analysis, testified for the defense that his comparison of the latent fingerprint from the register to

Foster’s fingerprints was “inconclusive” due to “the poor quality of the latent print.”

        Foster did not renew his motion to strike at the close of all the evidence. The jury convicted

Foster. Foster did not file a motion to set aside the jury’s verdict, and the trial court sentenced him

to 20 years’ incarceration with 12 years suspended. He now appeals, challenging the sufficiency of

the evidence for conviction.

        1
            Automated Fingerprint Identification System.
        2
            The record does not elaborate on how Foster became a suspect in the case.
                                                -2-
                                             ANALYSIS

        In his sole assignment of error, Foster asserts that the evidence was insufficient to sustain his

conviction for statutory burglary because the Commonwealth failed to prove that he was the

burglar. However, this argument was not properly preserved for appeal. “No ruling of the trial

court . . . will be considered as a basis for reversal unless an objection was stated with reasonable

certainty at the time of the ruling, except for good cause shown or to enable this Court to attain

the ends of justice.” Rule 5A:18. “The purpose of this contemporaneous objection requirement

is to allow the trial court a fair opportunity to resolve the issue at trial, thereby preventing

unnecessary appeals and retrials.” Creamer v. Commonwealth, 64 Va. App. 185, 195 (2015).

        A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain a conviction is a legal issue to be

decided by the court. See Dickerson v. Commonwealth, 58 Va. App. 351, 357 (2011). In a

bench trial, the defense may preserve a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence by making an

“appropriate argument . . . during closing.” Id. at 356. In a jury trial where the defendant

presents evidence, however, the defendant must preserve a challenge to the sufficiency of the

evidence in a motion to strike at the conclusion of all the evidence or by moving to set aside the

verdict. Commonwealth v. Bass, 292 Va. 19, 33 (2016). Foster concedes that he did neither in

this case.

        Although Foster attempts to invoke the ends of justice exception to Rule 5A:18 in his

reply brief, he did not do so in his opening brief. “Rule 5A:20(e) requires that when an issue has

not been preserved for appellate review, the opening brief shall state why the good cause and/or

ends of justice exceptions to Rule 5A:18 are applicable.” Stokes v. Commonwealth, 61 Va. App.

388, 397 (2013) (emphasis added); see also Jeter v. Commonwealth, 44 Va. App. 733, 740-41

(2005) (holding that this Court will not address an argument raised for the first time in a reply

brief). Foster has failed to properly invoke either exception to Rule 5A:18, “and the Court will

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not apply the exceptions sua sponte.” Hogle v. Commonwealth, 75 Va. App. 743, 756 (2022);

see also Edwards v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 752, 761 (2003) (en banc). Thus, Foster’s

assignment of error challenging the sufficiency of the evidence is waived and we do not address

it.

                                         CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s judgment is affirmed.

                                                                                       Affirmed.

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