Court Opinion

ID: 873689
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-06-03 17:40:15.591172+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:09:57.929641
License: Public Domain

Filed 6/3/13 In re William D. CA1/4
                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

               IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                       FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                 DIVISION FOUR

In re WILLIAM D. et al., Persons Coming
Under the Juvenile Court Law.

SOLANO COUNTY HEALTH AND
SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT,
         Plaintiff and Respondent,                                   A136667
v.
                                                                     (Solano County
JOSEPH D. & MARY F.,                                                 Super. Ct. Nos. J40976, J40977)
         Defendants and Appellants.

         The juvenile court terminated the parental rights of appellants Joseph D. and
Mary F. to their minor children, William and James D. Both parents appeal,1 challenging
the juvenile court’s determination and alleging that Joseph’s bond with the minors
outweighed the benefits of adoption. (Welf. & Inst. Code,2 § 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).)
We affirm the juvenile court orders.

         1
         Mary filed a notice of appeal after the juvenile court rendered its decision, but
before it issued its formal order terminating her parental rights. Her notice of appeal was
premature, but we deem it to have been filed immediately after the order issued. (Cal.
Rules of Court, rule 8.104(d).) Joseph filed his notice of appeal three days after the order
terminating his parental rights. Thus, both appeals are timely.
         2
             All statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.

                                                             1
                                         I. FACTS3
       In September 2008, appellants Joseph D. and Mary F. became the parents of
William D. A year later sibling James D. was born. In July 2010, the parents left the
minors at a church nursery and disappeared for two hours. James was suffering from an
infection on his leg that required immediate hospitalization, which neither parent had
obtained. When they returned to the nursery, Joseph and Mary were arrested and
incarcerated for child endangerment. The minors were placed in foster care.
       Respondent Solano County Health and Social Services (department) filed a
juvenile dependency petition in July 2011, alleging failure to protect and failure to
provide for support. (§ 300, subds. (b), (g).) The department offered evidence of general
neglect. The parents were homeless and living in their vehicle. Mary appeared to have
substance abuse or mental health issues. The minors were ordered to remain detained.
Visitation and reunification services were ordered for the parents. In September 2011,
the juvenile court sustained the allegations of an amended juvenile dependency petition
on failure to protect, and sibling abuse grounds. (§ 300, subds. (b), (j).) In October 2011,
the juvenile court approved the removal of the minors from the parents and set a March
20124 date for a six-month review hearing.5
       In advance of the scheduled review hearing in March, the department
recommended that the juvenile court maintain the minors’ out-of-home placement,
terminate reunification services, and set a date for a permanency planning hearing.
(§ 366.26.) It reported that the boys were bonded to their foster parents and appeared
comfortable in that home. The parents’ compliance with the requirements of their case

       3
         Some of these facts are taken from two earlier opinions relating to this family—
mother Mary F.’s appeal challenging the dispositional order and her petition for writ
review of the juvenile court order terminating her parental rights and setting the matter
for a permanency planning hearing. (See Mary F. v. Superior Court (July 30, 2012,
A135556) [nonpub. opn.]; In re James D. (Aug. 27, 2012, A133545) [nonpub. opn.].)
       4
           All subsequent dates refer to the 2012 calendar year.
       5
        Mary and Joseph appealed these orders, without success. (In re James D. (Aug.
27, 2012, A133545) [nonpub. opn.].)

                                               2
plan—attending parenting classes, participation in developmental assessments for the
minors, providing suitable housing, and successful substance abuse testing—was
incomplete, at best. They denied having substance abuse issues, and initially refused to
provide their home address to the department.
          During this six-month period, Joseph and Mary had weekly, three-hour supervised
visits with their sons. The parents attended all visits in September 2011, although they
were an hour late one week. They cancelled two visits in October 2011, all November
2011 visits, two visits in December 2011, and one in January because of claims of illness.
Joseph showed up for one visit, but left early because of Mary’s claimed illness. The
visits that did occur were appropriate, and the parents interacted well with the children.
The social worker attended one visit that was cancelled. She observed William kicking,
crying, and screaming “momma” when carried from the visitation area.
          At the six-month review hearing, the social worker offered additional evidence of
Joseph and Mary’s failures to complete parenting classes, to appear for drug testing, or to
participate in William’s individual education plan meeting. After Joseph finally provided
a home address to the department, the social worker made an unannounced visit in
March. Claiming a contagious illness, the parents would not permit her to enter the
home, although they admitted that some friends were with them at the time. There was
evidence that Mary was highly emotional, and that Joseph had concerns about her mental
health.
          The social worker also offered more visitation evidence. Joseph and Mary visited
the minors on January 20 and 27, and February 3, 10, and 17. They missed a late
February visit because Joseph said he was sick. There were no March visits. Mary did
not visit in April, again because of illness.
          At the close of the review hearing, the juvenile court concluded that returning the
minors to their parents would create a substantial risk of detriment to them. In May, it
found that Joseph and Mary did not substantially comply with their case plan, but
actively undermined it with claimed medical conditions that precluded them from
participating in that plan’s requirements. Based on clear and convincing evidence, the

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juvenile court found that both parents failed to participate regularly in, and make
substantial progress in their court-ordered treatment plan. It terminated their
reunification services, and set a date for a permanency planning hearing. (Mary F. v.
Superior Court (July 30, 2012, A135556) [nonpub. opn.].)6
       At this time, visitation was reduced to one two-hour visit per month. William and
James were placed in a Sacramento County foster home with potential adoptive parents.
In August, the department recommended the termination of Joseph and Mary’s parental
rights, and a permanent plan of adoption for both minors at the upcoming permanency
planning hearing. Mary did not visit with William and James at all in May, June, and
July. Joseph saw the minors in May. At his June visit, the minors did not seem to know
Joseph at first although they warmed to him later. James cried a bit when the visit was
over because he still wanted to play, but was happy once he was returned to his foster
parents. Joseph stopping visiting William and James after this visit. After three months
in his foster home, William recognized his foster parents as adults to seek out when he
felt unsafe. Both minors were attached to their foster parents.
       Joseph and Mary contested the department’s recommendation. At the September
19 hearing, there was evidence that the parents had a good visit with the minors in
August. The minors returned easily to their foster parents when it was over, running to
the foster parents, seemingly excited to see them and hugging them. However, William
and James were physically ill the evening of the visit and again the following morning.
Joseph asked the department to arrange a visit with the minors in September.
       At the close of the hearing, the juvenile court found the minors to be adoptable and
terminated Joseph and Mary’s parental rights. Visitation was terminated as detrimental
to the minors, although a final visit was to be arranged. Both parents appealed this
determination. In September, the foster parents were granted de facto parent status.

       6
        In July 2012, we rejected a challenge to this order. (Mary F. v. Superior Court
(July 30, 2012, A135556) [nonpub. opn.].)

                                             4
                            II. BONDING WITH FATHER
       Joseph contends that the juvenile court had no authority to terminate his parental
rights because the evidence showed that William and James shared a beneficial bond with
him that outweighed any benefit of adoption. Mary joins in this contention, asserting that
the termination of her parental rights was improper because of Joseph’s bond with the
minors. (See § 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).)
       By statute, a juvenile court may not terminate parental rights if it finds a
compelling reason that termination would be detrimental to the minors in a case in which
the parent maintained regular visitation and the minors would benefit from continuing
their relationship with their parent. (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).) At the permanency
planning hearing, Joseph argued that this exception applied. The juvenile court
disagreed, finding that he had substantially complied with the visitation order but that he
had not met the burden of showing that the minors would benefit from continuing their
relationship with him.
       Thus, Joseph’s challenge is one to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the
juvenile court’s implied finding that subdivision (c)(1)(B)(i) of section 366.26 did not
apply.7 (See In re Autumn H. (1994) 27 Cal.App.4th 567, 575; see also In re Zachary G.
(1999) 77 Cal.App.4th 799, 810-812; In re Casey D. (1999) 70 Cal.App.4th 38, 50-53.)
When reviewing such a challenge, we review the whole record in the light most favorable
to the juvenile court’s finding to determine whether substantial evidence supported
termination of parental rights. (In re Angelia P. (1981) 28 Cal.3d 908, 924; In re Rico W.
(1986) 179 Cal.App.3d 1169, 1173.) We have no power to reweigh the evidence, but
determine only if there is sufficient evidence to support the juvenile court’s finding. (In
re Jacqueline G. (1985) 165 Cal.App.3d 582, 585.) Once the juvenile court concludes—

       7
         One court has suggested that this determination should be reviewed for an abuse
of discretion rather than for substantial evidence. (In re Jasmine D. (2000) 78
Cal.App.4th 1339, 1351-1352.) As that decision acknowledges, this may be a distinction
without a difference. (Id. at p. 1351.) While we analyze whether substantial evidence
supports the juvenile court’s determination, if we were to apply an abuse of discretion
standard, we would come to the same result in the matter before us.

                                              5
as here—that the minors are adoptable, the parent bears the burden of proving that the
statute’s exceptional circumstances exist to bar termination of parental rights. (In re
Autumn H., supra, 27 Cal.App.4th at p. 574; see In re Brian R. (1991) 2 Cal.App.4th 904,
923-924.)
       Courts interpreting the language of subdivision (c)(1)(B)(i) of section 366.26 have
noted that its application must be determined on a case-by-case basis. In all cases, the
interaction between a natural parent and a child confers some incidental benefit to the
children. “The significant attachment from child to parent results from the adult’s
attention to the child’s needs for physical care, nourishment, comfort, affection and
stimulation. . . . The relationship arises from day-to-day interaction, companionship and
shared experiences.” The exception applies only when regular visits continue or a
significant positive, emotional attachment between child and parent has been developed.
(In re Autumn H., supra, 27 Cal.App.4th at pp. 575-576; see In re Jasmine D., supra, 78
Cal.App.4th at p. 1347.) The relationship described in the statute must be a real parental
relationship that is of sufficient strength that the minors would suffer detriment if it were
terminated. (Id. at pp. 1348-1350.)
       The record on appeal provides substantial evidence supporting the juvenile court’s
finding that no exceptional circumstances exist in this case. William and James were
bonded to their foster parents, rather than to Joseph. The termination of his parental
rights would not be detrimental to the minors. Thus, Joseph has not met his burden of
proving that the statutory exception barring termination of his parental rights applies.
(See § 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i); see also In re Autumn H., supra, 27 Cal.App.4th at
p. 574; In re Brian R., supra, 2 Cal.App.4th at pp. 923-924.)
                               III. MOTHER’S APPEAL
       By her own admission, Mary’s success on appeal turns on Joseph obtaining a
reversal of the order terminating his parental rights. As we affirm the aspect of the order
terminating his parental rights, we also affirm that part of the order terminating her
parental rights.
       The orders are affirmed.

                                              6
                                _________________________
                                REARDON, J.

We concur:

_________________________
RUVOLO, P. J.

_________________________
RIVERA, J.

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