Court Opinion

ID: 893456
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-06-05 18:56:01.909253+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:15:48.440152
License: Public Domain

1   This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please
 2   see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions.
 3   Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated
 4   errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does
 5   not include the filing date.
 6   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

 7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,

 8          Plaintiff-Appellee,

 9 v.                                                                                    NO. 30,935

10 JESUS SENA,

11          Defendant-Appellant.

12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF QUAY COUNTY
13 Albert Mitchell, District Judge

14 Gary K. King, Attorney General
15 Ann M. Harvey, Assistant Attorney General
16 Santa Fe, NM

17 for Appellee

18 Jacqueline Cooper, Acting Chief Public Defender
19 Kathleen T. Baldridge, Assistant Appellate Defender
20 Santa Fe, NM

21 for Appellant

22                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION

23 VIGIL, Judge.
 1        Defendant appeals from the order revoking his probation. [RP 163] This

 2 Court’s first calendar notice proposed summary affirmance. [CN1] Defendant filed

 3 a memorandum in opposition, as well as a motion to amend the docketing statement.

 4 [MIO] This Court’s second calendar notice proposed to deny the motion to amend the

 5 docketing statement, proposed summary affirmance on original Issues 1, 2, and 3, and

 6 proposed summary reversal on original Issue 4. Defendant has filed a memorandum

 7 in opposition, stating that he continues to believe that the motion to amend the

 8 docketing statement has merit and that he continues to oppose summary affirmance

 9 on original Issues 1-3, and he agrees with summary reversal on Issue 4. Defendant’s

10 memorandum adds no new facts or legal authority, and we remain persuaded that the

11 analysis in the second calendar notice was correct and appropriate. The State has filed

12 a notice of non-opposition to proposed summary reversal on Issue 4. We deny

13 Defendant’s motion to amend; we affirm on original Issues 1, 2, and 3; and we reverse

14 and remand on original Issue 4.

15 DISCUSSION

16 Motion to Amend the Docketing Statement

17        Defendant’s motion to amend proposes adding the following issue: whether the

18 district court erred when it impliedly denied Defendant’s pro se habeas corpus

19 petition. Defendant moved the district court to dismiss the State’s motion to revoke

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 1 probation, on the basis that Rule 5-805 NMRA requires an adjudicatory hearing be

 2 held within sixty days of the initial hearing and the adjudicatory hearing in

 3 Defendant’s case commenced nearly six months after his arraignment on the probation

 4 violation. [MIO 1, 9] We deny the motion to amend.

 5        Defendant’s memorandum indicates that the district court was aware of the

 6 petition but did not rule on it. [MIO 6] It is unclear whether Defendant requested that

 7 the district court make a ruling on the petition. In any case, in the event the district

 8 court’s action in not ruling on the petition can be considered to be a denial of it, this

 9 Court does not have jurisdiction to review the district court’s denial of a habeas corpus

10 petition.   See Rule 5-802(H)(2) NMRA (giving the Supreme Court exclusive

11 jurisdiction over habeas appeals). We deny Defendant’s motion to amend the

12 docketing statement to add this issue.

13 Issues 1-2: Sufficiency of the Evidence and the Standard for Finding a Probation
14 Violation

15        Defendant relies on State v. Franklin, 78 N.M. 127, 129, 428 P.2d 982, 984

16 (1967) and State v. Boyer, 103 N.M. 655, 658, 712 P.2d 1, 4 (Ct. App. 1985) to

17 support his contentions that there was insufficient evidence to support a revocation of

18 his probation and that the district court applied the wrong legal standard in

19 determining that Defendant had violated his probation. [MIO 26] We affirm.

20        “[P]roof presented at probation revocation hearings need only establish

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 1 reasonable certainty to satisfy the trial court of the truth of the violation, and need not

 2 be proof beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Sanchez, 2001-NMCA-060, ¶ 11, 130

 3 N.M. 602, 28 P.3d 1143. The State presented evidence that Defendant violated his

 4 probation by testing positive for methamphetamine in a urine analysis test and then

 5 admitting to having smoked methamphetamine two days before the test. [RP 75, ¶ 1;

 6 RP 152] We see no reason why this evidence would be insufficient to prove by a

 7 reasonable certainty that Defendant violated his probation. Moreover, the fact that

 8 Defendant asserts that the district court judge may have determined that the State’s

 9 evidence was clear and convincing, rather than that a violation was proven by a

10 reasonable certainty, was not preserved for this Court’s review on appeal. See State

11 v. Varela, 1999-NMSC-045, ¶ 25, 128 N.M. 454, 993 P.2d 1280 (stating that in order

12 to preserve an issue for appeal, a defendant must make a timely objection that

13 specifically apprises the trial court of the nature of the claimed error and invokes an

14 intelligent ruling thereon).

15         Further, the district court’s written order revoking Defendant’s probation does

16 not use the words clear and convincing. [RP 163] Defendant does not indicate how

17 the alleged application of a clear and convincing standard prejudiced him when a clear

18 and convincing standard may be equivalent to/or a higher standard than the reasonable

19 certainty standard. State v. Fernandez, 117 N.M. 673, 677, 875 P.2d 1104, 1108 (Ct.

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 1 App. 1994) (“In the absence of prejudice, there is no reversible error.”); see In re

 2 Ernesto M., 1996-NMCA-039, ¶ 10, 121 N.M. 562, 915 P.2d 318 (“An assertion of

 3 prejudice is not a showing of prejudice.”).

 4        We affirm the district court’s order revoking Defendant’s probation.

 5 Confrontation

 6        Since we issued the first calendar notice in February 2011, the New Mexico

 7 Supreme Court has published its opinion in State v. Guthrie, 2011-NMSC-014, __

 8 N.M. __, __ P.3d __. In Guthrie, our Supreme Court clarified that the standard

 9 established in State v. Phillips, 2006-NMCA-001, 138 N.M. 730, 126 P.3d 546, was

10 “unnecessarily preoccupied with the reason a witness is absent, instead of considering

11 whether confrontation of the witness is essential to the truth-finding process in the

12 context of probation revocation.” Guthrie, 2011-NMSC-014, ¶ 2. Our Supreme

13 Court’s opinion in Guthrie overruled Phillips and reversed the Court of Appeals

14 opinion, establishing that the need-for-confrontation analysis is a “kind of spectrum

15 or sliding scale.”

16       On one end of the spectrum, where good cause for not requiring
17       confrontation is likely, we would include situations in which the state’s
18       evidence is uncontested, corroborated by other reliable evidence, and
19       documented by a reliable source without a motive to fabricate, or possibly
20       situations where the evidence is about an objective conclusion, a routine
21       recording, or a negative fact, making the demeanor and credibility of the
22       witness less relevant to the truth-finding process. On this side of the
23       good-cause spectrum, live testimony and cross examination offer almost

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 1       no utility to the fact-finding process.

 2              On the “no good cause” end of the spectrum, evidence is contested
 3       by the defendant, unsupported or contradicted, and its source has a motive
 4       to fabricate; it is about a subjective, judgment-based observation that is
 5       subject to inference and interpretation, and makes a conclusion that is
 6       central to the necessary proof that the defendant violated probation. In
 7       such a case, the state’s failure to produce the witness, for almost any
 8       reason, deprives a defendant of due process. Between the two extremes
 9       there is no bright-line rule for determining good cause[.]

10 Id. ¶¶ 40, 41.

11        We hold that the State’s evidence presented to support Defendant’s probation

12 violation is on the “good cause” end of the spectrum; that is, there is good cause for

13 not requiring confrontation in this case. The probation officer who did testify

14 produced a document from the records on Defendant’s probation, written in

15 Defendant’s handwriting and with Defendant’s signature, in which Defendant

16 admitted to smoking methamphetamine while on probation contrary to the terms and

17 conditions of his probation agreement. [RP 151-52] Defendant did not deny that the

18 document was his statement and an admission, in his own handwriting and with his

19 signature, to a violation of the terms and conditions of his probation agreement.

20        We affirm the district court’s decision to admit the testimony of the probation

21 officer who was present at the hearing and the document containing Defendant’s

22 admissions.

23 Abscond Time

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 1        The district court’s decision to add 53 days abscond time to Defendant’s

 2 sentence was based on taking judicial notice of the time between when a bench

 3 warrant was issued on January 16, 2010, for Defendant’s failure to appear, and when

 4 the bench warrant was served on Defendant on March 10, 2010. [RP 160, 163] The

 5 applicable statute, NMSA 1978, Section 31-21-15 (1989), and our case law require

 6 the State to prove that: (1) the State unsuccessfully attempted to serve the warrant on

 7 the defendant, or (2) any attempt to serve the defendant would have been futile. See

 8 State v. Jimenez, 2004-NMSC-012, ¶ 8, 135 N.M. 442, 90 P.3d 461.

 9        In this case, the State failed to introduce sufficient evidence to satisfy its burden

10 of proof under the statute and the case law. The State only established that Defendant

11 failed to report to his probation officer after November 19, 2009, and that efforts to

12 locate him proved unsuccessful. [MIO 23] The State did not show that it entered the

13 bench warrant into the National Crime Information Center database, it did not

14 introduce evidence concerning what steps were taken to actually serve Defendant, and

15 it failed to establish that the warrant could not be served on Defendant with reasonable

16 diligence. [MIO 24]

17        As mentioned above, the State has filed a notice of non-opposition to the

18 proposed reversal on this issue. [Ct. App. File] Because the district court erred in

19 adding 53 days of abscond time onto Defendant’s sentence, we reverse and remand

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1 for correction of the order revoking probation, [RP 163] giving Defendant credit for

2 time spent on probation from January 16, 2010 through March 10, 2010.

3 CONCLUSION

4       We deny Defendant’s motion to amend the docketing statement; we affirm on

5 Issues 1, 2, and 3; and we reverse and remand on Issue 4.

6       IT IS SO ORDERED.

7                                              ______________________________
8                                              MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Judge
9 WE CONCUR:

10 _________________________________
11 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge

12 _________________________________
13 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Judge

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