Court Opinion

ID: 9694946
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-25 18:01:26.191447+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:12:09.350701
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       AUG 25 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

SHANNA OFFUTT EVANGER,                          No.    22-35646

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 3:17-cv-05521-BJR

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
GEORGIA-PACIFIC GYPSUM LLC,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Western District of Washington
                Barbara Jacobs Rothstein, District Judge, Presiding

                           Submitted August 23, 2023**
                               Portland, Oregon

Before: BENNETT, VANDYKE, and H.A. THOMAS, Circuit Judges.

      Plaintiff Shanna Offutt Evanger (“Offutt”) appeals from the district court’s

award of $13,877.95 in litigation costs to Defendant Georgia-Pacific Gypsum LLC

(“Georgia-Pacific”). Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.

      Offutt sued Georgia-Pacific, her former employer, alleging violations of

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
Washington state antidiscrimination law. Georgia-Pacific removed the case to

federal court based on diversity jurisdiction. A jury eventually ruled for Georgia-

Pacific on all claims, and we affirmed the resulting judgment. Offutt v. Georgia-

Pac. Gypsum LLC, No. 21-35624, 2022 WL 1955740 (9th Cir. 2022)

(unpublished).

      Following the trial, and pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(d), Georgia-Pacific

filed a bill of costs in the district court, seeking reimbursement of $50,388.08 in

litigation costs from Offutt. The district court disallowed most of the claimed costs

but taxed $13,877.95 against Offutt. Offutt moved to retax costs pursuant to local

rules in the Western District of Washington,1 but the district court declined to

amend its order. This appeal followed.

      The parties dispute whether federal or state law governs post-litigation

awards of costs in federal court. See Stromberg v. Qualcomm Inc., 14 F.4th 1059,

1066 (9th Cir. 2021) (we review the district court’s choice of law de novo). But

we have repeatedly held that “[a]n award of standard costs in federal district court

is normally governed by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(d), even in diversity

cases.” Champion Produce, Inc. v. Ruby Robinson Co., Inc., 342 F.3d 1016, 1022

(9th Cir. 2003) (citing In re Merrill Lynch Relocation Mgmt., Inc., 812 F.2d 1116,

1
 Offutt argues that she is liable for only $2,146.10, or at most, $4,978.55,
depending on which deposition costs are taxable.

                                          2
1120 & n.2 (9th Cir. 1987)). Accordingly, the district court correctly determined

that federal law controls.

      Next, Offutt argues that the district court abused its discretion by awarding

costs in excess of those allowed by federal law. See Draper v. Rosario, 836 F.3d

1072, 1087 (9th Cir. 2016) (“We review a district court’s award of costs for abuse

of discretion.”). First, she contends that she should only be required to pay for

deposition transcripts that were introduced at trial. But the law authorizes an

award of costs “for printed or electronically recorded transcripts necessarily

obtained for use in the case,” not just at trial. 28 U.S.C. § 1920(2) (emphasis

added). Although a district court has the discretion to exclude costs for materials

that are not ultimately used at trial, see Wash. Dep’t of Transp. v. Wash. Nat. Gas

Co., PacifiCorp, 59 F.3d 793, 806 (9th Cir. 1995), the district court “can, in its

discretion, tax those costs even if the items in question were not used at trial,” Sea

Coast Foods, Inc. v. Lu-Mar Lobster and Shrimp, Inc., 260 F.3d 1054, 1061 (9th

Cir. 2001). Here, the district court provided sound reasons for taxing the cost of

procuring each transcript or video: “[I]t appears that all of the transcripts for which

[Georgia-Pacific] seeks costs-recovery were for the depositions of individuals that

were either (1) on [Offutt’s] trial witness list; (2) called by [Georgia-Pacific] to

testify at trial; and/or (3) used to prepare [Georgia-Pacific’s] cross examination of

[Offutt’s] expert witness.” Accordingly, we find no abuse of discretion in the

                                           3
district court’s decision to tax the cost of all deposition transcripts against Offutt.

      In the alternative, Offutt contends that even if she is liable for the cost of all

deposition transcripts, certain ancillary costs like video synchronizing, shipping

and handling, copying, and scanning (in the total amount of $8,899.40) should be

excluded. Offutt provides no authority suggesting that the costs of obtaining

transcripts are not taxable under § 1920(2).2 But even if certain costs are

excludable, we agree with the district court that the two lists of itemized costs that

Offutt provided in her motion to retax do not clearly explain which costs should be

disallowed or why. See Dawson v. City of Seattle, 435 F.3d 1054, 1070 (9th Cir.

2006) (to overcome presumption that prevailing party will be awarded taxable

costs, “losing party must establish a reason to deny costs”). The district court did

not abuse its discretion in either taxing these costs or rejecting Offutt’s motion.

      Finally, Offutt argues that the district court abused its discretion by failing to

consider certain equitable factors that a district court may rely on to decline to tax

2
  Offutt does cite Kalitta Air LLC v. Central Texas Airborne System Inc., 741 F.3d
955 (9th Cir. 2013), but that case declined to tax ancillary costs associated with
copying previously obtained deposition transcripts under a different provision of
28 U.S.C. § 1920., id. at 958. Moreover, to the extent Kalitta Air disallowed costs
for “synchronizing deposition videotapes with their transcripts,” 741 F.3d at 959, it
is unclear from the invoices in this case whether the costs Offutt labels as
“synchronizing” were for actual synchronizing services, or simply for the cost of
the synchronized videos themselves. Accordingly, Offutt did not meet her burden
of explaining why these costs should be excluded. See Dawson v. City of Seattle,
435 F.3d 1054, 1070 (9th Cir. 2006).

                                            4
costs. See Escriba v. Foster Poultry Farms, Inc., 743 F.3d 1236, 1247–48 (9th Cir.

2014) (providing non-exhaustive list of “reasons for denying costs”). As a

threshold matter, Georgia-Pacific argues that Offutt forfeited any such equitable

arguments by failing to raise them in her motion to retax costs before the district

court. But even putting this to the side, we have explained that in light of the

presumption in favor of awarding costs, a district court “need not give affirmative

reasons for awarding costs.” Save Our Valley v. Sound Transit, 335 F.3d 932, 945

(9th Cir. 2003). In any event, the cost award was not so lopsided as to constitute

an abuse of discretion. Compare Miles v. California, 320 F.3d 986, 988–89 (9th

Cir. 2003) (no abuse of discretion in taxing $12,238.64 against plaintiff in a

disability discrimination case); with Stanley v. Univ. of S. Cal., 178 F.3d 1069,

1079–80 (9th Cir. 1999) (cost award of $46,710.97 against an unemployed,

“indigent” civil rights plaintiff was an abuse of discretion).

         AFFIRMED.3

3
    The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal.

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