Court Opinion

ID: 2857676
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-05 18:34:19.758488+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:05:11.099568
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT OF TEXAS,

AT AUSTIN

 

NO. 3-92-158-CR

ALTO NAUERT, JR.,

	APPELLANT

vs.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,

	APPELLEE

 

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 299TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. 0915060, HONORABLE TOM BLACKWELL, JUDGE
 

PER CURIAM
	A jury found appellant guilty of aggravated sexual assault.  Tex. Penal Code Ann.
§ 22.021 (West 1989).  The district court assessed punishment, enhanced by previous felony
convictions, at imprisonment for forty years.  There is no dispute as to the sufficiency of the
evidence, which shows that appellant sexually assaulted an eight-year-old girl.
	In his first point of error, appellant contends the court should have granted his
motion for mistrial made after improper jury argument by the prosecutor.  The incident occurred
during the State's opening argument, as the prosecutor sought to convince the jury of the
complainant's credibility.

	The defendant's attorney will have you believe that she's making it up
because that's what you're left with. . . .  That's amazing.  But that's the
alternative theory to believing that he did it because not only has she convinced
herself, she's convinced a counselor who specializes in treating sexually abused
kids.  She's convinced the Travis County Sheriff's Office.  She's convinced us. 
She's convinced --

At this point, appellant objected to "the prosecutor's version about his own belief about the guilt
or innocence of the accused."  The objection was sustained and the court instructed the jury to
"disregard the last comment that the prosecutor previously made."
	It was error to argue that the jury should believe the complaining witness because
the prosecutors and investigators believed her.  Gardner v. State, 730 S.W.2d 675, 698 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1997).  But the argument, like the similar argument in Gardner, was not so
inflammatory as to be incurable.  We hold that the district court's prompt instruction to disregard
cured the error.  The first point of error is overruled.
	Appellant's second point of error complains of the court's refusal to admit in
evidence an admission by the complainant's father that he had sexually assaulted her.  Appellant
contends this evidence was relevant to the defensive theory that appellant had been wrongly
accused of an act committed by someone else.  The bill of exception reflects that appellant and
the child's father were both incarcerated in the county jail several years before the incident giving
rise to this prosecution.  According to the bill, appellant would have testified that "he [the father]
was in there for sexual assault . . . and he said he assaulted her, you know."  From the context,
it appears that the "her" referred to is the complainant.  The State's hearsay objection to this
testimony was sustained.
	Appellant argues that the father's hearsay statement was a statement against social
interest, that is, a "statement which . . . so far tended . . . to make him an object of hatred,
ridicule, or disgrace, that a reasonable man in his position would not have made the statement
unless he believed it to be true."  Tex. R. Crim. Evid. 803(24).  The State responds that the
proffered evidence was a statement against penal interest and properly excluded in the absence of
corroborating circumstances clearly indicating its trustworthiness.  Id.
	Rule 803(24) is significantly more liberal in the admission of statements against
penal interest than was prior law.  See Ramirez v. State, 543 S.W.2d 631 (Tex. Crim. App.
1976).  Like prior law, however, the rule requires that a statement against penal interest be
corroborated to guard against fabrication and to insure its trustworthiness.  Significantly,
corroborating circumstances are not required for the admission of a statement against the
declarant's pecuniary, proprietary, or social interest.
	The State notes that, by its nature, a statement against penal interest is also a
statement against social interest.  By saying "I sexually assaulted my daughter," the declarant both
exposes himself to criminal liability and makes himself an object of ridicule and disgrace.  While
the same might not be said of a statement admitting the commission of some minor criminal
offense, it is certainly true of any statement admitting a felony or crime of moral turpitude.  The
State argues that to be admissible, such a statement must be considered a statement against penal
interest and, therefore, be corroborated.  Otherwise, argues the State, the corroboration
requirement will become a dead letter for any but the most minor criminal offenses.
	We find the State's point to be well-taken.  To be admissible under rule 803(24),
a statement against penal interest must meet a higher test for trustworthiness than is applied to
other statements against interest.  The policy expressed by the rule would be defeated if the
corroboration requirement could be avoided by the simple expedient of labelling the statement one
against social interest.  We hold that a statement against penal interest must be corroborated by
other circumstances to be admissible under rule 803(24), even though the statement might also be
considered one against the declarant's social interest.
	Because there were no circumstances clearly indicating the trustworthiness of the
proffered statement against penal interest, the district court did not err by excluding it from
evidence.  Point of error two is overruled.
	The judgment of conviction is affirmed.  

[Before Chief Justice Carroll, Justices Jones and Kidd]
Affirmed
Filed:  September 23, 1992
[Publish]