Court Opinion

ID: 4671258
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-03-25 14:08:37.361655+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:30.210912
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-1060-19

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

CHRISTOPHER H. BLANK,

     Defendant-Appellant.
_________________________

                    Submitted December 14, 2021 – Decided March 25, 2021

                    Before Judges Rothstadt and Susswein.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
                    Law Division, Atlantic County, Indictment No.
                    06-08-1914.

                    Christopher H. Blank, appellant pro se.

                    Damon G. Tyner, Atlantic County Prosecutor, attorney
                    for respondent (Mario C. Formica, Deputy First
                    Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).

PER CURIAM
      Defendant appeals from an October 17, 2019 order denying his second

petition for post-conviction relief (PCR). Defendant, who is self-represented,

argues that the prosecutor impermissibly withheld exculpatory evidence in the

form of a hospital toxicology report that revealed the presence of cocaine in

defendant's blood. Defendant also raises a procedural argument, claiming the

PCR court erred by not granting his request for oral argument. Our review of

the record confirms that defendant's request for oral argument was overlooked

and that the PCR court offered no reasons for denying that request. The State's

appellate brief, moreover, fails to address defendant's procedural argument even

though it is clearly set forth in a point heading in defendant's brief. In these

circumstances, we are constrained to remand the matter for the PCR court to

conduct an oral argument.

                                     I.

      Because we deem it necessary to remand on the procedural issue, we need

only briefly summarize the circumstances leading to this appeal. Defendant was

convicted by a jury of twelve counts including three counts of first -degree

attempted murder of law enforcement officers and three counts of second-degree

aggravated assault of those officers. At trial, the State presented evidence that

defendant resisted arrest when officers attempted to execute an outstanding

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warrant. During the struggle, defendant wrested a gun from one of the officers

and shot her multiple times beneath her bullet-proof vest.

      Defendant was sentenced to an aggregate 85-year term of imprisonment

subject to the No Early Release Act (NERA), N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.2. We affirmed

his conviction and sentence on direct appeal. State v. Blank, A-5815-07T1

(App. Div. Apr. 13, 2011). The Supreme Court denied certification. State v.

Blank, 208 N.J. 339 (2011). We affirmed the denial of defendant's first petition

for PCR, which alleged ineffective assistance of counsel. State v. Blank, A-

4717-12T4 (App. Div. Nov. 20, 2014).         The Supreme Court again denied

certification. State v. Blank, 221 N.J. 287 (2015).

      Defendant thereafter filed a second PCR petition, which is the matter

before us. Defendant now contends that the prosecutor withheld allegedly

exculpatory evidence in the form of a hospital toxicology report that showed

cocaine in defendant's blood. Defendant claims that withholding this evidence

deprived him the opportunity to mount an intoxication or diminished capacity

defense. The PCR court wrote a letter to defendant explaining that it would treat

the motion as a motion for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence under

Rule 3:20-1, noting that a newly discovered toxicology report fell outside the

scope of post-conviction relief. The court denied defendant's claim for relief

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after applying the three-part test for newly discovered evidence set forth in State

v. Carter, 85 N.J. 300 (1981). The court reasoned that the toxicology report was

not "new" evidence but merely corroborated other evidence of defendant's

substance abuse. The court also found that defendant failed to establish that the

prosecutor was aware of the hospital toxicology report. Defendant thus failed

to establish that the State had the report in its possession and breached its duty

to turn it over in discovery.

      Defendant raises the following contentions for our consideration:

             POINT I

             THE IMPROMPTU DISMISSAL OF DEFENDANT'S
             CARTER AND BRADY CLAIMS AT THE
             PLEADING STAGE WAS ERRONEOUS, AS
             DEFENDANT'S PETITION COMPLIED WITH
             PROCEDURAL/TIMELINESS     REQUIREMENTS
             AND HAD PRIMA FACIE MERIT

             POINT II
             THE ADJUDICATIVE PROCESS EMPLOYED WAS
             FUNDAMENTALLY UNFAIR, AS DEFENDANT
             LACKED AN ASSIGNED ATTORNEY AND HAD
             NO OPPORTUNITY TO ENGAGE IN FACTUAL
             SUBSTANTIATION, BRIEFING, AND ORAL
             ARGUMENT
                                      II.

      Rule 3:22 generally explains the procedures for handling PCR petitions.

The Rules are silent, however, with respect to whether and in what

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circumstances a defendant is entitled to oral argument. In State v. Flores we

stated:

            Initially, we find nothing in R. 3:22-1 et seq. requiring
            that a hearing be conducted on a post-conviction relief
            petition. Specifically, our court rules are barren of any
            provision mandating that oral argument be heard
            whenever a petition is filed. Instead, R. 3:22-10 states
            that "[a] defendant in custody may be present in court"
            in the exercise of the judge's discretion and is "entitled
            to be present when oral testimony is adduced on a
            material issue of fact within his personal knowledge."
            In the context of the facts present here, we perceive no
            abuse of the trial court's discretion in disposing of
            defendant's petition on the papers submitted. We
            emphasize that resolution of the issues raised by
            defendant did not require the taking of oral testimony.
            While we do not doubt that it was within the power of
            the court to require oral argument, we discern no
            statutory or procedural provision compelling it to adopt
            this course. See R. 3:22-11.

            [228 N.J. Super. 586, 589–90 (App. Div. 1988)
            (alteration in original).]

      In State v. Mayron, we re-affirmed that the decision to grant or deny oral

argument rests within the discretion of the PCR court. 344 N.J. Super. 382, 386

(App. Div. 2001). We noted, however, that "there should be a significant

presumption in favor of oral argument. In light of what is at stake for a

defendant, a safeguard designed to ensure that a defendant was not unjustly

convicted should be provided in a meaningful manner." Id. at 387–88. We

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identified a list of circumstances a PCR court should consider in exercising its

discretion, including

            the apparent merits and complexity of the issues raised,
            whether the petition is an initial application,[1] whether
            argument of counsel will add to the written positions
            that have been submitted, and in general, whether the
            goals and purposes of the post-conviction procedure are
            furthered by oral argument.

            [Id. at 387]

      We remanded for oral argument on the defendant's petition. Id. at 388.

We did not retain jurisdiction. Ibid.

      In State v. Parker, our Supreme Court provided additional guidance on

when a request for oral argument should granted. 212 N.J. 269 (2012). The

defendant in that case was charged with murder after repeatedly stabbing the

victim and pled guilty to aggravated manslaughter. Id. at 273–74. He did not

file a direct appeal but later filed a petition for PCR claiming ineffective

assistance of counsel. Id. at 275. The PCR court reviewed the papers and denied

the defendant's petition without convening an oral argument. On appeal, we

affirmed the denial in an unpublished opinion, noting that the decision to grant

1
  We note that the list of relevant considerations set forth in Mayron suggests
that oral argument could be appropriate in a second or subsequent PCR petition.
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oral argument is discretionary and there was no basis upon which to second-

guess the PCR court's exercise of that discretion. Id. at 276–77.

      The Supreme Court, noting it was "unable to agree fully with either

party['s contention that oral argument should be granted as of right or should

rest soundly within the discretion of the PCR court,]" remanded for the PCR

court to convene oral argument. Id. at 278. The Court explained that, "[w]hile

we decline to hold as a matter of law that each defendant has a right to present

oral argument to the trial judge in support of a petition for post-conviction relief,

we are also satisfied that this defendant was entitled to oral argument, and we

thus reverse and remand[.]" Id. at 278. The Court recognized that PCR judges

have discretion in weighing the Mayron factors but stressed that the

considerations "should be approached with the view that oral argument should

be granted." Id. at 282.

      Importantly for purposes of the present appeal, the Court added that if the

PCR judge determines the arguments presented in the papers do not warrant oral

argument, "the judge should provide a statement of reasons that is tailored to the

particular application, stating why the judge considers oral argument

unnecessary." Id. at 282–83. As in Mayron, the Court in Parker ordered a

remand for oral argument and did not retain jurisdiction. Id. at 284.

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      In the matter before us, the PCR court did not provide a statement of

reasons for denying defendant's request for oral argument. Indeed, the record

fails to indicate that the PCR court even considered that request. We cannot

give deference to the PCR court's exercise of discretion where the record does

not show that such discretion was exercised.

      It may well be true in this case that nothing that might be said at oral

argument would change the result. It is not our place, however, to draw that

conclusion on our own initiative. The lesson we glean from Parker and Mayron

is that a reviewing court should not assume that oral argument would be a

perfunctory ritual. Rather, the decision whether to grant or deny a request for

oral argument must be made by the PCR court on a case-by-case basis. And, if

the PCR court denies the request, it should supply a statement of reasons

explaining its determination.

      In this instance, the problem is compounded by the State's failure to

acknowledge this procedural issue in its response brief. We can appreciate that

the PCR court's failure to consider defendant's request for oral argument may

have been an unintentional oversight. The court ruled on the papers and may

have missed the request for oral argument in the spate of filed documents. The

State on appeal, however, was put on notice of the issue by defendant's

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unambiguous point heading, and yet ignored it. We can only presume the State

was at a loss to explain and justify the PCR court's tacit decision to deny oral

argument.

      By ignoring an issue that was clearly raised on appeal, we deem the State

to have waived making arguments such as, for example, this matter should not

be deemed to be an appeal from a denial of PCR because the court treated it as

a motion for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence. See note 1, supra.

We recognize it is conceivable that cogent arguments might have been presented

to explain why defendant is not entitled to an oral argument. But again, it is not

our place to speculate on what those arguments might be, much less to decide

them as if we were exercising original jurisdiction.

                                     III.

      We reject defendant's contention that he should have been provided

counsel to assist with his second petition for PCR. Rule 3:22-6 addresses the

assignment of counsel for subsequent PCR petitions and provides that "the

matter shall be assigned to the Office of the Public Defender only upon

application therefor and showing of good cause." R. 3:22-6(b). The record

before us shows that defendant did not apply for a public defender in accordance

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with Rule 3:22-6(b). Rather, defendant only made a request for representation

in his PCR petition.

                                     IV.

      We remand and instruct the PCR court to convene oral argument within

sixty days. We leave to the discretion of the court whether to conduct the oral

argument virtually by videoconferencing or by telephone.

      Because this matter must be remanded for oral argument, we do not

address defendant's substantive contention that he is entitled to a new trial and

we offer no opinion on the merits of that contention.

      Vacated and remanded for further proceedings consistent with the

opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.

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