Court Opinion

ID: 9939550
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-10 17:09:41.113515+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:41:24.753019
License: Public Domain

J-A29014-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA            :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                         :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                         :
              v.                         :
                                         :
                                         :
 JASON PAUL STASKO                       :
                                         :
                   Appellant             :   No. 228 WDA 2023

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered August 3, 2020
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Criminal Division at
                      No(s): CP-26-CR-0002853-2018

BEFORE: BOWES, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and MURRAY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                        FILED: February 9, 2024

      Jason Paul Stasko appeals the judgment of sentence of nine to eighteen

years of imprisonment following his convictions for drug delivery resulting in

death (“DDRD”) and related offenses. We affirm.

      We glean the following background from the certified record. The victim

in this matter was Carrie Mingrino (“Victim”). On November 14, 2018, Victim

spent the night with her best friend, Lauren Greenlee, at a residence Ms.

Greenlee shared with her mother and then-boyfriend, Travis Porterfield. Ms.

Greenlee testified that she invited Victim to stay overnight because she knew

Victim was recovering from a heroin addiction and was afraid Victim would

relapse. Ms. Greenlee drank beers with Victim and stayed up with her until

approximately 3:15 a.m. on November 15, 2018. She did not observe Victim

using drugs at any point, nor did she believe that Victim possessed any

controlled substances.    Mr. Porterfield also stayed up with Victim until
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approximately 3:30 a.m. and similarly denied observing her with any illegal

substances.    At the time Mr. Porterfield went to bed, Victim was on the

telephone, asking someone “Are you coming?” several times.

        At approximately 4:45 or 5:00 a.m. the same morning, Ms. Greenlee

was awoken by her mother, who indicated that she could not find Victim and

that a man she did not know, later identified as Appellant, was asleep on the

couch in the living room. Victim was found in the kitchen, not breathing and

unresponsive. Ms. Greenlee began administering CPR while her mother called

911.

        Corporal Andrew Hominsky and Patrolman Jacob Cavanaugh of the

Connellsville Police Department were the first to respond to the residence,

shortly after 6:00 a.m.    Corporal Hominsky testified that when he arrived

Appellant was sleeping on the couch with a blanket partially covering his head,

despite the fact that Ms. Greenlee and her mother were crying hysterically.

The corporal roused Appellant awake, but Appellant fell back asleep. He then

instructed Ms. Greenlee to wait outside for ambulances to arrive and directed

Patrolman Cavanaugh to continue administering CPR. At some point while

Ms. Greenlee was waiting on the sidewalk for the paramedics, Appellant woke

up and left the residence, telling Ms. Greenlee, “I can’t be here.      I’ve got

warrants.” N.T. Trial, 7/20-22/20, at 107.

        Victim was subsequently pronounced dead at the scene.            Medical

personnel found a hypodermic needle, still partially filled with fluid, under her

body.    The police recovered Appellant’s cell phone, which was left on the

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couch. Victim’s cell phone was also located and secured. At the time it was

collected, Victim’s phone was displaying an active call with Appellant’s phone

number and had been going for about two hours and forty-five minutes.

Appellant’s number was saved in Victim’s phone as “Jason.”

      Victim’s blood tested positive for both ethanol and fentanyl. The forensic

pathologist introduced by the Commonwealth at trial opined that the level of

fentanyl constituted a lethal dose, and that based on the fast metabolization

of fentanyl, Victim would have died almost immediately after the drug was

administered. It was determined that the manner of death was an accident

and that the cause was combined drug toxicity as a result of fentanyl and

added ethanol.

      During their investigation, police analyzed the cellular phones of

Appellant and Victim.   Appellant’s text message history showed extensive

contact with numerous individuals the day before Victim’s death, asking for

“breezy” and “tickets,” both of which are slang terms for heroin. Additionally,

there were numerous telephone calls and text messages between Appellant

and Victim made the day prior to, and the morning of, her death. Notably, at

11:15 p.m. on November 14, Appellant texted Victim that “I just found the

stuff you wanted.” Victim thereafter called Appellant thirty-two times without

success. Eventually, Appellant and Victim had a four-minute call at 3:07 a.m.

on November 15, and then a final call that began at 3:15 a.m. and lasted until

Victim’s cell phone was located by police after her death.

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      The Commonwealth ultimately charged Appellant with DDRD, delivery

of a controlled substance, and related drug offenses. Following trial, a jury

convicted   Appellant   of   all   charges.   He   was   sentenced   as   indicated

hereinabove. This timely appeal followed, and Appellant complied with the

trial court’s order to file a concise statement of errors pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.

1925(b).

      Appellant advances a single issue for our consideration: “Whether the

Commonwealth presented insufficient evidence to sustain the guilty verdicts

as it failed to present sufficient evidence that [Appellant] delivered any

controlled substances to the victim?”         Appellant’s brief at 5 (unnecessary

capitalization omitted).

      We consider Appellant’s claim mindful of the following well-settled

standard of review:

      When reviewing a [sufficiency] claim, we face a question of law.
      Accordingly, our standard of review is de novo. We view the
      evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, as the
      verdict winner, and we draw all reasonable inferences therefrom
      in the Commonwealth’s favor. Through this lens, we must
      ascertain whether the Commonwealth proved all of the elements
      of the crime at issue beyond a reasonable doubt.

      The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every
      element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of
      wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, we may not weigh the
      evidence and substitute our judgment for the factfinder. Any
      doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the
      factfinder, unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that,
      as a matter of law, no probability of fact may be drawn from the
      combined circumstances.

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Commonwealth v. Roberts, 293 A.3d 1221, 1223 (Pa.Super. 2023)

(cleaned up).

       Appellant challenges his convictions for both DDRD and delivery of a

controlled substance. Concerning DDRD,

       A person commits a felony of the first degree if the person
       intentionally administers, dispenses, delivers, gives, prescribes,
       sells or distributes any controlled substance or counterfeit
       controlled substance in violation of [§] 13(a)(14) or (30) of the
       act of April 14, 1972 (P.L.233, No.64), known as The Controlled
       Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, and another person
       dies as a result of using the substance.

18 Pa.C.S. § 2506(a). Delivery of a controlled substance is defined as “the

manufacture, delivery, or possession with intent to manufacture or deliver, a

controlled substance by a person not registered under this act, or a

practitioner not registered or licensed by the appropriate State board, or

knowingly creating, delivering or possessing with intent to deliver, a

counterfeit controlled substance.” 1 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30).

       On appeal, Appellant argues that the Commonwealth “did not present

any evidence that he delivered, intentional[ly] or otherwise, any controlled

substance to [Victim]” on the date of her death.      Appellant’s brief at 11.

Similarly, he notes that there was no testimony that connected Appellant to

the syringe found under Victim or that he had any drugs on his person when

he came to the residence. Id. at 11-12. Appellant highlights that there were

____________________________________________

1 Appellant does not contest that fentanyl is a controlled substance pursuant
to The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act.

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other individuals present in the home at the time of Victim’s death, and none

of the text communications introduced by the Commonwealth conclusively

showed that Appellant secured fentanyl. Id. at 12. He likewise asserts that

there was a lack of evidence demonstrating any relationship between Victim

and Appellant at all.     Id. at 13.     Appellant concludes that overall, the

circumstantial evidence supplied by the Commonwealth was not adequate to

prove the delivery element of his convictions. Id. at 14-15.

      In   rejecting   this   claim,   the   trial   court   determined   that   the

Commonwealth provided sufficient circumstantial evidence to show that

Appellant delivered the fentanyl that killed Victim. It noted as follows:

      The call and text message logs reveal significant history in the day
      before her death from [Victim] to [Appellant] with [Appellant]
      responding that he ‘found the stuff’ that [she] wanted. The
      telephone data is replete the entire day before [Victim]’s death
      with [Appellant] attempting to locate controlled substances from
      others. The last activity on [Victim]’s cell phone was a telephone
      call with [Appellant] that ran continuously from 3:15 a.m. on
      November 15, 2018, for two hours and forty-five minutes lasting
      until after her death.

Trial Court Opinion, 5/2/23, at 14.              The court concluded that the

Commonwealth established that “[Appellant] was the only person present at

the time of [Victim]’s death, that he was the last person to text message and

call her, that one text message stated he found ‘the stuff,’ and that he fled

the scene.” Id.

      Upon review, we agree with the trial court that the Commonwealth

provided sufficient testimony to support Appellant’s convictions for DDRD and

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delivery of a controlled substance. In considering the circumstantial evidence

and all reasonable inferences therefrom in a light most favorable to the

Commonwealth as verdict winner, we conclude that the Commonwealth

proved beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant delivered the fentanyl that

resulted in Victim’s death. No witnesses observed Victim in possession of or

using any controlled substance as late as approximately 3:15 a.m. the

morning of her death. The testimony bore out that around that time, Victim

engaged in a telephone call with Appellant, who arrived at Ms. Greenlee’s

house shortly thereafter. Victim was found unresponsive by Ms. Greenlee and

her mother approximately seventy-five minutes later, while the other

residents of the house and Appellant slept.

      Based on this testimony, the jury was able to logically infer that,

although there may have been people other than Appellant in the residence,

Appellant was the one who provided Victim with fentanyl. We will not reweigh

the evidence to reach a different conclusion. See Roberts, supra at 1223;

see also Commonwealth v. Ovales, 144 A.3d 957, 969 (Pa.Super. 2016)

(noting “that the facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth

need not preclude every possibility of innocence”).

      The evidence further showed that before the ambulances arrived,

Appellant ran past Ms. Greenlee, indicating that he could not stay because he

had active warrants. Coupling this flight with the extensive text messages

showing that Appellant obtained drugs for Victim, the factfinder could

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reasonably find that he delivered fentanyl to Victim when he came to the

residence shortly after 3:15 a.m.      Appellant’s claim that there was no

relationship between him and Victim is wholly belied by the record, which

showed dozens of phone calls and text messages made between them in the

twenty-four hours leading up to her death. In short, the evidence collectively

demonstrated that Victim died as a result of using fentanyl delivered to her

by Appellant, and thus Appellant’s sufficiency challenge must fail.

      Since Appellant’s sole issue on appeal entitles him to no relief, we do

not have cause to disturb his conviction.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

DATE: 02/09/2024

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