Court Opinion

ID: 9372964
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-02-22 16:01:50.373077+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:38.770645
License: Public Domain

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

     MICHAEL COUGHLIN,                               DOCKET NUMBER
                 Appellant,                          PH-3443-17-0002-I-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND                       DATE: January 31, 2023
       URBAN DEVELOPMENT,
                 Agency.

             THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Michael Coughlin, Groveland, Massachusetts, pro se.

           Eric D. Batcho, Esquire, Boston, Massachusetts, for the agency.

                                           BEFORE

                               Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman
                                Raymond A. Limon, Member
                                 Tristan L. Leavitt, Member

                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     dismissed his nonselection and employment practices appeal for lack of
     jurisdiction. Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the following
     circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact;

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                             2

     the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation
     or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative
     judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision
     were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion,
     and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material
     evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due
     diligence, was not available when the record closed.           Title 5 of the Code of
     Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).                 After fully
     considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not
     established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review.
     Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision,
     which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).
¶2         At all times relevant to the present appeal, the appellant was a
     preference-eligible veteran employed by the agency as a General Engineer.
     Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 1 at 1. He applied for a Program Analyst position
     and was referred to the selecting official on the certificate of competitive-eligible
     candidates, but the agency did not grant him an interview. IAF, Tab 7 at 17-29.
     The appellant filed a grievance, alleging discrimination based on gender in the
     selection process, which the agency denied at the Step 1 and Step 2 levels. IAF,
     Tab 1 at 7-12.     He subsequently filed an appeal with the Board.            Id. at 1-5.
     Without holding the requested hearing, the administrative judge issued an initial
     decision dismissing the appeal for lack of jurisdiction, finding that the appellant
     had not raised nonfrivolous 2 allegations that the appeal fell within one of the
     exceptions to the general rule that nonselection decisions are not appealable to the
     Board. IAF, Tab 17, Initial Decision (ID) at 1, 4, 10.
¶3         On petition for review, the appellant argues for the first time that “the
     agency had a “pattern of selecting female candidates over [him]” and sets forth
     2
       A nonfrivolous allegation is an assertion that, if proven, could establish the matter at
     issue. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.4(s).
                                                                                        3

     information regarding six positions for which he applied but was not selected
     between April 2015 and November 2016. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1
     at 6-8. He asserts that this “new evidence” demonstrates that the agency had a
     “discriminatory hiring practice based on gender,” and he provides copies of
     various applications he submitted through USA Jobs during this same time
     period. Id. at 8, 11-21. The appellant also raises two allegations of retaliation for
     the first time. Id. at 9. He alleges that, “a few hours” after the Step 2 grievance
     decision, his workload was drastically reduced and that his nonselection for a
     separate Management Analyst position was retaliation by the selecting official
     who served as the deciding official in the Step 2 nonselection grievance. Id. The
     appellant submits documents identifying the division of work amongst individuals
     in his office, as well as email correspondence with an agency official in which he
     expressed his frustration at not being chosen to take on certain projects .       Id.
     at 22-47. The appellant states that he “did not produce this material evidence and
     legal argument in previous filings” because he believed that “those hiring
     decisions were irrelevant to the challenged hire,” but that the initial decision
     made it “apparent that the only way to challenge an individualized hiring decision
     as an employment practice was to make a new argument on se lection history and
     workloads before and after the challenged position.” Id. at 10.
¶4         The Board generally will not consider an argument raised for the first time
     in a petition for review absent a showing that it is based on new and material
     evidence not previously available despite the party’s due diligence.       Banks v.
     Department of the Air Force, 4 M.S.P.R. 268, 271 (1980); 5 C.F.R.
     § 1201.115(d).    To constitute new and material evidence, the information
     contained in the documents, not just the documents themselves, must have been
     unavailable despite due diligence when the record closed. Grassell v. Department
     of Transportation, 40 M.S.P.R. 554, 564 (1989).        The appellant has not made
     such a showing regarding his allegations of a discriminatory pattern of hiring or
     retaliation he raises for the first time on review. The evidence that the appellant
                                                                                        4

     submits for the first time on review is not new, as all of the documents and
     underlying information contained therein predate the close of the record below,
     including evidence concerning his USA Jobs application history and alleged
     changes in workload after the denial of the Step 2 grievance. See Avansino v.
     U.S. Postal Service, 3 M.S.P.R. 211, 214 (1980) (stating that, under 5 C.F.R.
     § 1201.115, the Board ordinarily will not consider evidence submitted for the first
     time with the petition for review absent a showing that it was unavailable before
     the record was closed despite the party’s due diligence).
¶5        In any event, the appellant’s new arguments are not a source of Board
     jurisdiction. As stated in the administrative judge’s acknowledgment order and
     initial decision, nonselections generally are not appealable to the Board. IAF,
     Tab 2 at 2-4; ID at 4. The initial decision correctly explained that the Board
     lacks jurisdiction over discrimination claims, either concerning an individual
     event or a pattern, as alleged by the appellant on review, absent an otherwise
     appealable action. ID at 8-9; see 5 U.S.C. § 7702(a)(1); Pridgen v. Office of
     Management and Budget, 117 M.S.P.R. 665, ¶ 7 (2012). Prohibited personnel
     practices under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b) are not an independent source of Board
     jurisdiction. 3 Wren v. Department of the Army, 2 M.S.P.R. 1, 2 (1980), aff’d,
     681 F.2d 867, 871-73 (D.C. Cir. 1982). Further, absent an otherwise appealable
     action, the Board lacks jurisdiction over the appellant’s repeated claim that the
     agency committed harmful procedural error by failing to follow the governing
     collective bargaining agreement or agency hiring policy. ID at 9; PFR File, Tab 1
     at 8-9; see Penna v. U.S. Postal Service, 118 M.S.P.R. 355, ¶ 13 (2012).
¶6        To the extent that the appellant argues on review that his allegation of a
     pattern of discriminatory hiring is the “only way to challenge an individualized
     hiring decision as an employment practice,” PFR File, Tab 1 at 10, the appellant

     3
       Despite notice and opportunity, the appellant has not alleged any facts that might
     implicate jurisdiction over this matter as an individual right of action appeal. IAF,
     Tab 2 at 4-5; see 5 U.S.C. §§ 1214(a)(3), 1221.
                                                                                           5

     mischaracterizes the administrative judge’s findings in the initial decision.
     Although a nonselection is not an appealable adverse action pursuant to 5 U.S.C.
     chapter 75, the Board may address a nonselection in the context of a claim that an
     employment practice that was applied to the appellant by the Office of Personnel
     Management (OPM) violated a basic requirement set forth at 5 C.F.R. § 300.103.
     Prewitt v. Merit Systems Protection Board, 133 F.3d 885, 887 (Fed. Cir. 1998);
     5 C.F.R. § 300.104(a).       The administrative judge properly addressed the
     appellant’s employment practice claim, finding that the appellant’s allegations
     concerned an “individualized hiring decision” and not an employment practice
     that OPM was involved in administering. ID at 5-8. On review, the appellant
     does not dispute these findings, and we discern no error in the administrative
     judge’s analysis.
¶7         Accordingly, we deny the petition for review and affirm the initial decision.

                              NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS 4
           You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By
     statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such
     review and the appropriate forum with which to file.              5 U.S.C. § 7703(b).
     Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit
     Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most
     appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a
     statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their
     jurisdiction.   If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should
     immediately review the law applicable to your claims and carefully follow all
     filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file within the applicable time
     limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum.

     4
       Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated
     the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the
     Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matt er.
                                                                                          6

      Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of revi ew
below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions
about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you
should contact that forum for more information.

      (1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking
judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court
within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision.                 5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(A).
      If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal   Circuit,   you   must   submit    your   petition    to   the   court    at   the
following address:
                              U.S. Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided b y any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.

      (2) Judicial   or    EEOC    review     of   cases      involving   a   claim      of
discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you
                                                                                 7

were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action
was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain
judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination
claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court (not the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you
receive this decision.     5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 582 U.S. ____ , 137 S. Ct. 1975 (2017).          If you have a
representative in this case, and your representative receives thi s decision before
you do, then you must file with the district court no later than 30 calendar days
after your representative receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of
discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling
condition, you may be entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and
to waiver of any requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security. See
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a.
      Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective
websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.
      Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding
all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the
EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive
this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,
and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file
with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives
this decision.
      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the
address of the EEOC is:
                                                                                      8

                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                  P.O. Box 77960
                             Washington, D.C. 20013

      If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or
by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to:
                            Office of Federal Operations
                     Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
                                 131 M Street, N.E.
                                   Suite 5SW12G
                             Washington, D.C. 20507

      (3) Judicial     review   pursuant     to   the   Whistleblower       Protection
Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised
claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or
other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).
If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section
2302(b) other than practices described in section 2 302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i),
(B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either with the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of
competent jurisdiction. 5   The court of appeals must receive your petition for
review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision.               5 U.S.C.
§ 7703(b)(1)(B).

5
   The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain
whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on
December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on
July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of
MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.
The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115 -195,
132 Stat. 1510.
                                                                                  9

      If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the
following address:
                             U.S. Court of Appeals
                             for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                            Washington, D.C. 20439

      Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular
relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is
contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11.
      If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that
any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
      Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their
respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below:
      http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:                                    /s/ for
                                          Jennifer Everling
                                          Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.