Court Opinion

ID: 2729476
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 21:42:39.656487+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:46:45.059404
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this
 Memorandum Decision shall not be
 regarded as precedent or cited before any
 court except for the purpose of establishing
 the defense of res judicata, collateral
 estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                            ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

KEVIN L. MOYER                                     DANIEL D. TRACHTMAN
Moyer & Irk, P.C.                                  BRIAN D. BURBRINK
Lebanon, Indiana                                   Wooden & McLaughlin, LLP
                                                   Indianapolis, Indiana

                                                                               FILED
                               IN THE                                      Sep 24 2012, 9:29 am

                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA                                   CLERK
                                                                                 of the supreme court,
                                                                                 court of appeals and
                                                                                        tax court

STEVEN R. BRANDENBURG,                             )
                                                   )
       Appellant-Plaintiff,                        )
                                                   )
               vs.                                 )    No. 29A02-1201-PL-70
                                                   )
FIRST REPUBLIC MORTGAGE                            )
CORPORATION,                                       )
                                                   )
       Appellee-Defendant.                         )
                                                   )

                     APPEAL FROM THE HAMILTON SUPERIOR COURT
                           The Honorable Daniel J. Pfleging, Judge
                              Cause No. 29D02-1010-PL-1301

                                       September 24, 2012

                MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

VAIDIK, Judge
                                     Case Summary

        Steven R. Brandenburg appeals the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in

favor of First Republic Mortgage Corporation on his unjust-enrichment claim. Finding

no authority for the sole argument that Brandenburg makes in his Appellant’s Brief and

that Brandenburg has waived his other arguments by not making them until his Reply

Brief, we affirm the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of First Republic.

                             Facts and Procedural History

       Brandenburg has been employed in the mortgage industry for many years. From

approximately 1988 to 1999, Brandenburg worked at GMAC Mortgage Company in

Indianapolis. Brandenburg’s employment at GMAC overlapped with that of Robert

Waddey. After Brandenburg left GMAC in 1999, he did not speak to Waddey again until

the events in this case.

       First Republic is an Indianapolis-based mortgage company. Michael Osterling is

President and David Richey is Vice-President.        Brandenburg met First Republic’s

Osterling on a golf course during the spring or summer of 2008. Brandenburg had no

relationship with First Republic but had heard of the company given that people in the

mortgage industry have a general familiarity with other mortgage companies.

       In August 2008, Brandenburg learned from an insider that his former employer,

GMAC, intended to close its Indiana retail brokerage business. Brandenburg was self-

employed at the time and had been considering making a change; therefore, he viewed

this information as an “opportunity” for himself and First Republic. Appellee’s App. p.

28.

                                            2
       Accordingly, on August 29, Brandenburg contacted Osterling and informed him

that an Indiana mortgage company might be closing its local offices. Brandenburg

suggested that it could be a great opportunity for First Republic to bring on several

employees at one time. Osterling was interested in learning more, and a meeting was

scheduled for September 2.

       In the meantime, Brandenburg contacted Waddey, who was still employed as

GMAC’s district manager. This was the first contact between Brandenburg and Waddey

in several years.    They discussed the impending termination of GMAC’s Indiana

mortgage business and Brandenburg’s meeting with First Republic.         Waddey gave

Brandenburg permission to let Osterling and Richey know that Waddey was interested in

talking to First Republic.

       Brandenburg met with Osterling and Richey at First Republic’s offices on the

morning of September 2. During this meeting, Brandenburg disclosed his knowledge that

GMAC was closing. Brandenburg suggested that he would come on as a loan officer and

in return for helping First Republic recruit GMAC’s staff, he would receive

compensation for their production. Brandenburg proposed a compensation scheme while

Osterling and Richey listened. Osterling and Richey told Brandenburg that a written

employment proposal from First Republic would be forthcoming.

       Brandenburg left the September 2 meeting with the impression that he and First

Republic had arrived at a two-part agreement: (1) Brandenburg would receive 65%

commission for any loans that he originated and (2) he would receive 10% of the service-

retained premiums generated by the former GMAC employees. Id. at 30. Brandenburg

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concedes, however, that he had no idea what First Republic’s understanding may have

been. Id.

      Brandenburg returned to First Republic on the afternoon of September 2

accompanied by Waddey, and the two of them met with Osterling and Richey. The

group discussed that Bob Wampler, another GMAC employee, would be a critical person

in terms of his ability to influence the other loan officers to join First Republic. Waddey

was not offered a job during the September 2 meeting; instead, he and First Republic

scheduled a second meeting to enable Waddey to further explore First Republic’s culture

and philosophy. The second meeting involved only Waddey, Osterling, and Richey.

      Waddey set up another meeting for the former GMAC employees to listen to a

presentation by First Republic. First Republic ultimately hired Waddey, Wampler, and

twelve other GMAC employees.          However, Waddey was the only former GMAC

employee Brandenburg introduced to First Republic. Although Brandenburg no doubt

facilitated the initial introduction on September 2, Waddey undertook an independent

evaluation of whether to pursue employment with First Republic, including weighing a

competing job offer. In fact, Waddey informed Brandenburg that he had no intention of

working as a subordinate to Brandenburg at First Republic. Brandenburg acknowledges

that he did not negotiate with First Republic on behalf of Waddey and left it up to

Waddey to negotiate his own deal with First Republic.

      On October 20, 2008, First Republic sent Brandenburg a written offer of

employment.     Id. at 52.    The offer letter proposed the following compensation

arrangement: (1) it offered Brandenburg a position as a loan officer; (2) it offered to pay

                                            4
him in accordance with First Republic’s standard loan officer’s compensation’s schedule,

which was described in the attached employee handbook; and (3) it offered to pay him

additional compensation for “initiating our introductions to the former GMAC Central

Indiana origination group,” which amounted to two basis points on the monthly closed

loan volume for a maximum of twenty-four months on twelve originators which were

then listed by name. Id. To be eligible for the additional compensation, Brandenburg

had to be employed for the same twenty-four months and produce “at an annualized rate

of at least 4 million dollars per year in closed loan volume,” which was First Republic’s

standard for a full-time loan officer.          Id.    According to the employment offer, the

additional compensation commenced “as of the date” of Brandenburg’s employment. Id.

The offer was valid through November 15. Id.

      Upon receipt of the offer, Brandenburg called Osterling and said that the offer was

different than what he had proposed during their September 2 meeting. According to

Brandenburg, the employment package differed in the following respects: (1) it imposed

a minimum annual production requirement; (2) it changed the override on the former

GMAC employees from 10% to 2%1; and (3) the standard loan officer compensation

schedule, as outlined in the employee handbook, did not provide that Brandenburg would

be paid a 65% commission on whatever service-retained premiums he generated.

      At some point, Brandenburg told Osterling and Richey that he did not think the

employment offer represented their agreement and that he would not agree to its terms.

      1
          The written employment offer says 2 points, not 2%. See Appellee’s App. p. 52.

                                                   5
First Republic did not receive a response to its written offer of employment, and

Brandenburg has never worked for First Republic.

       On October 1, 2010, Brandenburg filed a complaint against First Republic alleging

breach of contract and unjust enrichment; however, Brandenburg later withdrew his claim

for breach of contract.2 First Republic filed a motion for summary judgment. Following

a hearing, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of First Republic. Id. at 59.

Brandenburg now appeals.

                                    Discussion and Decision

       Brandenburg contends that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in

favor of First Republic on his unjust-enrichment claim. In reviewing an appeal of a

motion for summary judgment ruling, we apply the same standard applicable to the trial

court. Presbytery of Ohio Valley, Inc. v. OPC, Inc., 2012 WL 3570379, *5, --- N.E.2d ---

, --- (Ind. 2012). Summary judgment is appropriate where the designated evidence

“shows that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is

entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Ind. Trial Rule 56(C). Review is limited to

those facts designated to the trial court, T.R. 56(H), and “[a]ll facts and reasonable

inferences drawn from those facts are construed in favor of the non-moving party.”

Presbytery of Ohio Valley, 2012 WL at 3570379 *5 (quotation omitted).

       A claim for unjust enrichment is a legal fiction invented by the common-law

courts in order to permit a recovery where the circumstances are such that under the law

       2
          It was not until the summary-judgment stage that Brandenburg made this concession. That is,
Brandenburg conceded that summary judgment should be entered in favor of First Republic on his claim
for breach of contract because the statute of frauds required any agreement to be in writing as their
alleged agreement spanned thirty-six months. Appellant’s App. p. 17; Appellee’s App. p. 100-01.

                                                 6
of natural and immutable justice there should be a recovery. Zoeller v. E. Chi. Second

Century, Inc., 904 N.E.2d 213, 220 (Ind. 2009), reh’g denied. “‘A person who has been

unjustly enriched at the expense of another is required to make restitution to the other.’”

Id. (quoting Restatement of Restitution § 1 (1937)). To prevail on a claim of unjust

enrichment, a plaintiff must establish that a measurable benefit has been conferred on the

defendant under such circumstances that the defendant’s retention of the benefit without

payment would be unjust. Zoeller, 904 N.E.2d at 220; Bayh v. Sonnenburg, 573 N.E.2d
398, 408 (Ind. 1991), reh’g denied. Indiana courts articulate three elements for this

claim: (1) a benefit conferred upon another at the express or implied consent of the other

party; (2) allowing the other party to retain the benefit without restitution would be

unjust; and (3) the plaintiff expected payment. Woodruff v. Ind. Family & Social Servs.

Admin., 964 N.E.2d 784, 791 (Ind. 2012), cert. filed, 81 U.S.L.W. 3003 (U.S. June 18,

2012) (No. 11-1523).

      Brandenburg’s sole argument in his Appellant’s Brief is that in order to survive

summary judgment on his unjust-enrichment claim, all he must do is identify a wrong

action on the part of First Republic. Appellant’s Br. p. 9. As support for this argument,

Brandenburg partly quotes a sentence from American United Life Insurance Co. v.

Douglas, 808 N.E.2d 690, 697 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004) (the full sentence is: “Whether the

actions of AUL rise to the level necessary to establish unjust enrichment is a

determination to be made beyond the summary judgment stage of the litigation.”), trans.

denied. Brandenburg, however, quotes this sentence from Douglas as if it is this Court’s

holding. But this sentence is not this Court’s holding; rather, this sentence is from the

                                            7
trial court’s summary-judgment order. Despite the fact that First Republic pointed out

this error to Brandenburg in the trial court below and again on appeal, Brandenburg

continues to erroneously rely on this statement as if it were authority. In fact, this Court

did not even address the merits of unjust enrichment in Douglas.                See id. at 705.

Accordingly, Douglas simply does not support Brandenburg’s position that in order to

defeat summary judgment on an unjust-enrichment claim, all a plaintiff must do is

identify a wrongful action on the part of the defendant.3

       And notably, it is not until Brandenburg’s reply brief that he even addresses the

elements of unjust enrichment. A reply brief, however, is simply too late to address the

merits of a claim for the first time. See Ind. Appellate Rule 46(C) (“No new issues shall

be raised in the reply brief.”). We therefore affirm the trial court’s entry of summary

judgment in favor of First Republic.

       Affirmed.

MATHIAS, J., and BARNES, J., concur.

       3
        Brandenburg also cites a Connecticut case, Crowell v. Danforth, 609 A.2d 654 (Conn. 1992),
which we note is not binding on us. See Appellant’s Br. p. 9.
                                                8