Court Opinion

ID: 6316900
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-02-23 21:00:41.634831+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:00:32.554228
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        FEB 23 2022
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

J. FORD ELSAESSER, solely in his capacity No. 21-35080
as Chapter 7 Trustee for the above-
referenced bankruptcy estate,             D.C. Nos. 19-06074-JMM
                                                    17-01458-JMM
               Plaintiff-Appellee,

 v.                                             MEMORANDUM*

MOUNTAIN WEST IRA FBO CHESTER
PIPKIN IRA, an Idaho corporation; STOCK
BOISE, LLC, an Idaho limited liability
company,

                Defendants-Appellants,

and

QUALITY PROPERTIES, L.L.P., an Idaho
limited liability partnership; et al.,

                Defendants.

J. FORD ELSAESSER, solely in his capacity No. 21-35081
as Chapter 7 Trustee for the above-
referenced bankruptcy estate,             D.C. Nos. 19-06074-JMM
                                                    17-01458-JMM
               Plaintiff-Appellee,

 v.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
QUALITY PROPERTIES, L.L.P., an Idaho
limited liability partnership,

               Defendant-Appellant,

and

MOUNTAIN WEST IRA FBO CHESTER
PIPKIN IRA, an Idaho corporation; et al.,

               Defendants.

J. FORD ELSAESSER, solely in his capacity No. 21-35131
as Chapter 7 Trustee for the above-
referenced bankruptcy estate,             D.C. Nos. 19-06074-JMM
                                                    17-01458-JMM
               Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.

MOUNTAIN WEST IRA FBO CHESTER
PIPKIN IRA, an Idaho corporation; et al.,

               Defendants-Appellees,

and

DOES, 1-5; TRIPLE B, LLC, an Idaho
limited liability company,

               Defendants.

                Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
                           for the District of Idaho
              Joseph M. Meier, Chief Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding

                    Argued and Submitted January 11, 2022

                                       2
                               San Francisco, California

Before: GOULD, BENNETT, and R. NELSON, Circuit Judges.

       This appeal arises from a bankruptcy dispute between Shiloh Management

Services, Inc. (“Debtor”), and several companies that loaned it money

(“Appellants”). Appellants appeal the bankruptcy court’s decision that the deeds

that backed these loans were invalid. We affirm in part and reverse in part.

Specifically, we affirm the bankruptcy court’s ruling as to the deeds properly

referencing the notes secured, but we reverse its rulings on the statute of frauds,

verbal acknowledgments, and allowing amendment of the complaint.

       1.     The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(1). The

parties jointly moved for a direct appeal to the Ninth Circuit under 28 U.S.C.

§ 158(d)(2), which the bankruptcy court certified.               A bankruptcy court’s

“[c]onclusions of law are reviewed de novo, while factual findings are reviewed for

clear error.” In re Pettit Oil Co., 917 F.3d 1130, 1133 (9th Cir. 2019). A “court’s

decision to permit amendment of a complaint” is reviewed “for abuse of discretion.”

Metrophones Telecomms., Inc. v. Glob. Crossing Telecomms., Inc., 423 F.3d 1056,

1063 (9th Cir. 2005).

       2.     First, the deed conveyed to Quality Properties (“Quality Deed”) had a

legal description that satisfied the statute of frauds. The legal description included

“(a) a tax parcel number[;] . . . (b) a street address & zip code[;] . . . (c) a lot & block

                                             3
subdivision reference to ‘Lot 1 Block 1, Gilgal Sub 21 1N 3W’; and (d) the county

& state.”

      Idaho’s statute of frauds requires “[a]n agreement for the sale of real property”

to “contain a description of the property, either in terms or by reference, so that the

property can be identified without resort[ing] to parol evidence.” Ray v. Frasure,

200 P.3d 1174, 1177 (Idaho 2009). This description must “adequately describe the

property such that it is possible for someone to identify exactly what property the

seller is conveying to the buyer.” Richel Family Tr. by Sheldon v. Worley Highway

Dist., 468 P.3d 775, 787 (Idaho 2020) (cleaned up). “Generally, Idaho case law

permits a party to ascertain a property description from extrinsic evidence only when

the contract or deed references the extrinsic evidence.” Id. at 787–88 (cleaned up).

      This deed satisfies the statute of frauds because its description adequately

describes exactly what is being conveyed. The description “Lot 1 Block 1, Gilgal

Sub 21 1N 3W” references the Gilgal Subdivision plat that was recorded in the same

county as the property and the exact location of the property within the subdivision.

See Hoke v. Neyada, Inc., 387 P.3d 118, 123 (Idaho 2016) (J. Jones, C.J., specially

concurring). The Quality Deed’s legal description satisfies Idaho’s statute of frauds.

      3.     Second, we hold that Idaho law does not require a verbal

acknowledgment to execute a deed. Idaho law requires that before a deed is

recorded, “its execution must be acknowledged.” Idaho Code § 55-805 (2016).

                                          4
“The acknowledgment of an instrument must not be taken, unless the officer taking

it knows, or has satisfactory evidence from a credible source . . . that the person

making such acknowledgment is the president . . . of such corporation; or other

person who executed on its behalf.” Id. § 55-707 (2016).1 For “a notary [to] properly

discharge[] his duty” in taking acknowledgments, “the person[] acknowledging

execution [must] personally appear and the notary [needs] satisfactory evidence,

based either on his personal knowledge or on the oath of affirmation of a credible

witness, that the acknowledgers are who they say they are and did what they say they

did.” Farm Bureau Fin. Co. v. Carney, 605 P.2d 509, 514 (Idaho 1980). “Idaho has

generally adhered to the view that substantial compliance with the statutory

requirements regarding acknowledgements will suffice.” Id. at 513.

      The certifying notaries witnessed the Debtor’s president sign the deeds and

acknowledgment. They knew the president personally and knew him to be the

Debtor’s president. They also only notarized documents when the president was

physically present and never notarized documents that had signature blocks or other

information blank. The notaries thus always had “satisfactory evidence” based on

their “personal knowledge . . . that the acknowledgers are who they say they are and

did what they say they did.” Id. at 514. The acknowledgments were thus proper:

1
 This statute was repealed in 2017; however, it was effective when the deeds were
executed.

                                         5
the notaries “substantial[ly] compli[ed] with the statutory requirements regarding

acknowledgments.” Id. at 513.

      Because the deeds were properly acknowledged, the bankruptcy court

improperly allowed the Debtor’s Trustee to amend the complaint because

amendment was futile. See Hooper v. Shinn, 985 F.3d 594, 622 (9th Cir. 2021).

      4.     Finally, we affirm the bankruptcy court’s holding that the deeds need

not have the correct execution date of the promissory note they secure. Idaho law

does not have any requirement that a deed of trust specifically identify the obligation

it secures. Instead, “[t]he primary purpose of recording is to give notice to others

that an interest is claimed in real property.” In re Big River Grain, Inc., 718 F.2d

968, 970 (9th Cir. 1983). Even though the deeds mention the wrong date, the Trustee

for the Debtor does not argue that the deeds do not give adequate notice that an

interest in property is claimed, nor that they do not adequately identify the obligation

that they secure. Thus, we affirm the bankruptcy court.

      5.     In conclusion, the bankruptcy court’s decision is AFFIRMED in

regard to the deeds adequately describing the promissory note secured.             The

bankruptcy court is REVERSED in regard to the Quality Deed not satisfying the

statute of frauds, requiring the acknowledgments to be verbal, and allowing the

complaint to be amended. Costs shall be taxed against the Trustee.

                                           6