Court Opinion

ID: 894381
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-06-06 15:18:14.486046+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:16:11.863562
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPREME COURT, STATE OF WYOMING

                                        2013 WY 71

                                                            APRIL TERM, A.D. 2013

                                                                    June 6, 2013

LISA M. BARRETT-OLIVER, f/k/a LISA
M. QUAST,

Appellant
(Plaintiff),
                                                     S-12-0219
v.

MICHAEL G. QUAST,

Appellee
(Defendant).

                    Appeal from the District Court of Laramie County
                     The Honorable Thomas T.C. Campbell, Judge

Representing Appellant:
      Dameione S. Cameron of Cameron Law Office, P.C., Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Representing Appellee:
      Laura J. Jackson of Jackson Law Firm, L.L.C., Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Before KITE, C.J., and HILL, VOIGT, BURKE, and DAVIS, JJ.

NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in Pacific Reporter Third.
Readers are requested to notify the Clerk of the Supreme Court, Supreme Court Building,
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002, of any typographical or other formal errors so that correction may be
made before final publication in the permanent volume.
VOIGT, Justice.

[¶1] Michael G. Quast, the appellee, petitioned the district court for modification of his
child support payments. At the hearing related to that petition, the appellee and Lisa M.
Quast, the appellant, agreed that certain provisions related to the division of their
children’s college tuition and extracurricular expenses contained in their property
settlement and divorce agreement were in need of clarification. The district court
modified the amount of child support owed by the appellee. Additionally, the district
court determined that the appellant was voluntarily unemployed and imputed income to
her for purposes of calculating the amount of income to attribute to each parent. The
district court also added limitations to the college and extracurricular expense provisions.
The appellant now appeals those decisions. We affirm.

                                         ISSUES

[¶2]   1. Did the district court abuse its discretion by imputing income to the appellant?

      2. Did the district court abuse its discretion by modifying the terms of the
Property Settlement and Child Custody Agreement?

                                         FACTS

[¶3] The parties were married on June 25, 1988. Before their divorce, they had five
children. On October 8, 2004, a Property Settlement and Child Custody Agreement was
filed. The parties agreed to joint legal custody of the children, with the mother receiving
primary physical custody.

[¶4] On September 1, 2009, the appellee filed a Petition for Modification of Child
Support. He argued that his child support payments should be reevaluated because the
oldest child had reached the age of majority. The appellant filed her counterclaim on
October 15, 2009. In it, she alleged that the appellee inconsistently complied with the
terms of the agreement and requested the district court to order the appellee to share in
the costs of the children’s extracurricular activities, and that the parties share the
children’s medical expenses proportionate to the parties’ income. There was a hearing on
the matter before the district court on September 20, 2011. A court reporter was not
present for the hearing, and no record of the hearing was preserved for appeal.

[¶5] Based on the district court’s decision letter, it appears the parties agreed that the
presumptive child support should be recalculated based on the eldest child attaining the
age of majority. They did, however, disagree regarding the appropriate income to be
attributed to each party.     Additionally, at the hearing, both parties expressed
dissatisfaction with the wording of the following provisions contained in the property
settlement agreement.

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             2.6 College Plan. Husband agrees to contribute to a
             minimum of half of each child’s tuition and expenses.

             2.7 Miscellaneous expenses. Husband and Wife agree to
             share equally with each paying 50%, all expenses related to
             the childrens’ [sic] extracurricular activities, lessons and the
             like.

As indicated in the district court’s decision letter, at the hearing the appellee expressed
concern that he had no control over extracurricular expenses and that the college plan was
too vague to be reasonable. It appears that the appellant agreed with the appellee to the
extent that some of the provisions were vague, although she contended that the division
of expenses related to extracurricular activities and medical care ought to be
proportionate to the parties’ relative income.

[¶6] On February 15, 2012, the district court issued a decision letter modifying the
presumptive child support owed by the appellee based on four children under the age of
majority. In determining the new presumptive child support, the district court imputed
additional income to the appellant based on the appellant’s own admission that she chose
to remain unemployed. Additionally, because the parties were unable to agree on what
qualified as legitimate extracurricular expenses, the district court limited the appellee’s
reimbursement to the appellant for such expenses to a maximum of $225 per month.
Likewise, although the parties agreed that the college and miscellaneous expense
provisions ought to be more specific, they did not provide the district court with guidance
as to how it should be clarified. In response, the district court amended that provision so
that the appellee would

             be responsible for one half of each child’s tuition and
             expenses to attend college subject to the limitations that:

                    1.) The child remains continuously enrolled as a full-
                    time student.
                    2.) That the obligation is for four (4) years or eight
                    (8) semesters, maximum, regardless of whether a
                    degree is achieved.
                    3.) That it will be at an in-state school or computed
                    based on in-state tuition.
                    4.) That the obligation terminates, regardless of what
                    semester the child is in, when the child turns twenty-
                    four (24) years of age.

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[¶7] The appellant now appeals these alterations to the Property Settlement and Child
Custody Agreement as well as the district court’s decision to impute income to her in
determining the presumptive child support.

                                      DISCUSSION

                       Did the district court abuse its discretion by
                           imputing income to the appellant?

[¶8] Matters concerning child support, including decisions to impute income, are left to
the discretion of the district court. Durham v. Durham, 2003 WY 95, ¶ 8, 74 P.3d 1230,
1233 (Wyo. 2003).

[¶9] The appellant does not deny that she has chosen to remain unemployed. Instead,
the appellant contends that the district court did not consider all of the following statutory
factors in determining the appellant’s potential earning capacity:

              (b) A court may deviate from the presumptive child support
              established by W.S. 20-2-304 upon a specific finding that the
              application of the presumptive child support would be unjust
              or inappropriate in that particular case. In any case where the
              court has deviated from the presumptive child support, the
              reasons therefor shall be specifically set forth fully in the
              order or decree. In determining whether to deviate from the
              presumptive child support established by W.S. 20-2-304, the
              court shall consider the following factors:

                   ....

                   (xi) Whether either parent is voluntarily unemployed or
                   underemployed. In such case the child support shall be
                   computed based upon the potential earning capacity
                   (imputed income) of the unemployed or underemployed
                   parent. In making that determination the court shall
                   consider:

                          (A) Prior employment experience and history;

                          (B) Educational level and whether additional
                          education would make the parent more self-
                          sufficient or significantly increase the parent's
                          income;

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                        (C) The presence of children of the marriage in
                        the parent’s home and its impact on the earnings of
                        that parent;

                        (D) Availability of employment for which the
                        parent is qualified;

                        (E) Prevailing wage rates in the local area;

                        (F) Special skills or training; and

                        (G) Whether the parent is realistically able to earn
                        imputed income.

Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 20-2-307(b) (LexisNexis 2011).

[¶10] The appellant relies upon Durham to support her contention that the district court
failed to consider sufficient evidence to determine her earning capacity. In Durham, this
Court held that the district court abused its discretion by failing to consider evidence
regarding availability of employment and the prevailing wage rates for such employment.
2003 WY 95, ¶ 12, 74 P.3d at 1234. In making that determination, however, this Court
relied upon the record as provided by the appellant.

                     We agree with mother that the district court’s decision
             is not supported by the record. While the record does include
             evidence of mother’s employment history and education
             level, it does not include any evidence regarding availability
             of employment and prevailing wage rates in the local area.
             Thus, while it is true that mother has a degree in business
             administration and that she earned $35,000 in Virginia in
             1992, the district court record includes nothing to support the
             proposition that mother is realistically able to earn, in the
             Gillette area, the income imputed to her.

Id. In this appeal, this Court has not been provided with a transcript from the hearing on
the petition to modify child support. Although this failure does not automatically require
dismissal of the appeal, we must defer to the district court’s findings.

                    When no transcript has been made of trial proceedings,
             this court accepts the trial court’s findings as being the only
             basis for deciding the issues which pertain to the evidence.
             Willowbrook Ranch, Inc. v. Nugget Exploration, Inc., 896
             P.2d 769, 771 (Wyo. 1995); Armstrong v. Pickett, 865 P.2d

                                            4
              49, 50 (Wyo. 1993). In the absence of anything to refute
              them, we will sustain the trial court's findings, and we assume
              that the evidence presented was sufficient to support those
              findings. Willowbrook Ranch, Inc. v. Nugget Exploration,
              Inc., 896 P.2d at 771; Osborn v. Pine Mountain Ranch, 766
              P.2d 1165, 1167 (Wyo. 1989).

Golden v. Guion, 2013 WY 45, ¶ 4, 299 P.3d 95, 96 (Wyo. 2013) (quoting Chancler v.
Meredith, 2004 WY 27, 86 P.3d 841, 842 (Wyo. 2004)). While the appellant states that
the district court did not consider sufficient evidence in its determination of her earning
capacity, she does not offer evidence that would refute the district court’s decision.
Additionally, without knowing what took place at the hearing, we cannot determine what
the district court considered in making its decision. “[O]ur review is restricted to the
allegations of error that do not require a review of the evidence presented before the
district court that has been memorialized in the transcript.” Golden, 2013 WY 45, ¶ 6,
299 P.3d at 97. In the absence of a record of evidence indicating otherwise, we cannot
find that the district court abused its discretion.

                        Did the district court abuse its discretion
                    by modifying the terms of the Property Settlement
                            and Child Custody Agreement?

[¶11] The parties disagree over the appropriate standard of review for this issue. The
appellant contends that this is a matter of contractual interpretation and should be
reviewed de novo. On the other hand, the appellee argues that issues regarding child
support are reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Although not much is known of what
happened below, it appears that the parties came before the district court for a hearing on
the appellee’s petition to modify child support. At that time, the parties agreed that the
terms of the college and miscellaneous expense provisions were inadequate and ought to
be clarified. In weighing the evidence presented at the hearing, the district court acted
within its discretion by modifying the terms of the provisions at the request of the parties.

[¶12] We cannot determine that the district court abused its discretion without a review
of the evidence presented below. Thomas v. Thomas, 983 P.2d 717, 721 (Wyo. 1999).
The burden is on the appellant to provide this Court with a complete record. Id. In the
alternative, the appealing party may present a settlement of the record as provided by
W.R.A.P. 3.02(b). Id. The appellant did neither. On appeal, the appellant argues that the
provisions were unambiguous and were improperly altered by the district court. Without
the transcript to show otherwise, this argument would seem to contradict the district
court’s finding that the parties agreed that the pertinent provisions were in need of
clarification. We must assume that the evidence supported the district court’s findings.
Golden, 2013 WY 45, ¶ 6, 299 P.3d at 97. The appellant is unable to show that the
district court abused its discretion.

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                                    CONCLUSION

[¶13] The appellant contends that the district court improperly imputed income to her in
determining the new level of presumptive child support owed by the appellee and
improperly modified provisions governing college tuition and extracurricular expenses
contained in the property settlement and divorce agreement. The record on appeal lacks a
transcript from the district court’s hearing on these issues. Without the transcript, we
must accept as true the district court’s evidentiary findings. The appellant was unable to
show that the district court abused its discretion.

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