Court Opinion

ID: 7808899
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-07 17:10:05.451269+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:30:24.640222
License: Public Domain

Humphreys, J. Appellant brought suit against appellee in the Third Division of the Pulaski Circuit Court on January 25, on account of the alleged seduction of Mae Breining by appellee on or about the 1st day of April, 1913. Upon former appeal to this court, it was held that the complaint stated a cause of action for personal injury sounding in tort, and hence was not barred by the one year’s statute of limitations. The case was reversed and remanded .with instructions to the circuit court to overrule the demurrer and proceed with the cause. Appellee answered, denying the allegations of the complaint, and, by way of affirmative defense, pleaded a written accord and satisfaction. The writing is as follows : “January 2, 1914. Received of J. W. Lippincott the sum of $600.00, six hundred cash in hand paid me (or us) and hereby agree to drop all charges which we might claim against him to date. Signed: Mrs. G. W. Breining. Mae Browning.” Appellant filed a reply, denying the execution of an accord and satisfaction in final settlement of her cause of action; or the execution of any accord and satisfaction, or that she had accepted any sum of money in settlement of her cause of action. She further alleged in her reply that appellee had delivered either five or six hundred dollars to her daughter in an attempt to settle any and all claims that existed or might accrue against him on account of the matters pleaded in the complaint, but that appellant never accepted or received any portion thereof in settlement of her cause of action, and denied that the payment constituted a settlement of her cause of action. An amendment was filed to the reply, denying, first, that there was any accord; second, that there was satisfaction. A demurrer was filed and sustained to the reply and first amendment thereto, the court ruling that appellant would he hound on the accord and satisfaction set out in the answer. The court further stated in the course of its opinion that if certain conditions were pleaded, the matter of settlement would he a question for the jury. After recess for the noon hour, the appellant presented a second amendment to her reply, admitting that she signed the release, accord and satisfaction or receipt, -hut alleged that her signature thereto was procured through the deceit and fraud of appellee’s agent, who represented to her that the instrument would in no wise preclude her from prosecuting her claim against appellee, growing out of the seduction of her daughter; that she did not read the instrument hut relied wholly and entirely upon the representation as to its purport and effect; that the promise of $600 and payment of $500 of said amount was to cover the expenses incident to the hirth of the child and was promised and paid to her daughter and not to appellant. A demurrer was filed to the second amendment to the reply and overruled hy the court. The court on its own motion then struck the second amendment to the reply to the answer from the files for the stated reason that it was an afterthought and inconsistent with the first reply. Thereupon, the appellant refused to plead further and the court dismissed her complaint. Objections were made and exceptions saved to all adverse rulings. From the judgment dismissing the complaint, an appeal has been prosecuted to this court.  (1) It is insisted by appellant that the court erred in not treating the demurrer to the reply and first amendment thereto as a motion to strike and in not striking the reply from the files for the reason that it was an improper pleading. Under our code, it is wholly unnecessary and improper to file a reply unless a counter-claim or set-off is pleaded by way of answer. Kirby’s Digest, § 6108; Abbott v. Rowan, 33 Ark. 593; Lusk v. Perkins & George, 48 Ark. 238; A. L. Clark Lbr. Co. v. Johns, 98 Ark. 211; Prioleau v. Williams, 104 Ark. 322. In the event a reply is filed to an answer containing no counter-claim or set-off, the proper practice is to strike the reply from the files. Cannon v. Davies, 33 Ark. 56; Abbott v. Rowan, 33 Ark. 593; Lusk v. Perkins & George, 48 Ark. 238. It is quite apparent that the court did not treat the reply and first amendment as a demurrer to the answer relating back to the complaint, for the reason that he sustained the demurrer to the reply and amendment and permitted the complaint and answer to remain intact until after the noon hour; and after the noon hour, entertained a second amendment to the reply and overruled a demurrer thereto. Neither did the court treat the reply and second amendment as a demurrer to the answer relating back to the complaint, but on the contrary, struck it from the files because it was inconsistent, in its opinion, with the reply and first amendment. The court then dismissed the complaint because appellant refused to plead further.  (2) It is insisted, however, by appellee that the reply and first amendment thereto, even if an improper pleading, was a solemn admission that she had received payment in full for all claims and charges growing out of the transactions alleged in the complaint. Counsel for appellee cite much authority to sustain them in their proposition that parties may admit themselves out of court by filing improper and unnecessary pleadings containing solemn and unequivocal admissions which would preclude a recovery. It is unnecessary to define the law in this particular, for we think the interpretation placed upon the reply and first amendment thereto by counsel and court was too narrow. The language of the reply and amendment was broad enough to mean that it was not executed in settlement of her .claim at all. Giving the plea its broadest construction, it is not inconsistent with the second amendment to the reply to' the effect that her signature had been procured through the representation that the money was to go to her daughter to liquidate her claim for expenses leading up to and incident to the birth of the child. The plea states in so many words that the money was paid to her daughter in an effort to settle any and all claims growing out of the acts set forth in appellant’s original complaint, but denies that any part thereof was paid to her in settlement of her cause of action. • Under the rule insisted upon by appellant, the plea must be an unequivocal admission of facts, which, if true, precludes recovery. We do not think the reply and first amendment was an unequivocal admission that appellant had settled her claim in full, nor do we think them necessarily inconsistent with the second amendment to the reply. The complaint and answer in the instant case properly pleaded the issues involved, and the cause should have been heard upon the issues joined by the complaint and answer without encumbering the record with replies, amendments thereto, and demurrers to the reply and amendments. The complaint states a good cause of action. Breining v. Lippincott, 125 Ark. 77. For the error indicated in dismissing the complaint, the judgment must be reversed.  (3) Under our view of the status of the pleadings, it may be regarded as obiter dicta to decide whether the terms of the accord and satisfaction were sufficiently definite and certain to preclude appellant from prosecuting a claim for damages. The language of the judgment indicates that the learned judge who presided in the trial of this case entertains the opinion that the language of the accord and satisfaction is broad enough to cover all damages to which appellant is entitled, and is not ambiguous in its terms. Irrespective of whether ambiguous, or a definite and certain release in full, if obtained by fraud and deceit, it can have no binding effect as a defense in this suit. If not obtained by deceit and fraud, then the construction of the instrument will become a vital issue in the case. In order to prevent another appeal by either party to obtain a construction of the writing, we will now decide whether it contains elements of ambiguity sufficient to admit oral evidence in explanation of its meaning and intendment. We do not understand there is any material difference between learned counsel concerning the rule of law that plain, unambiguous, complete contracts can not be explained by parol testimony; or, to state the rule conversely, that only contracts ambiguous in terms can be explained by oral evidence; so we refrain from encumbering this opinion with argument and citation in support of the rule. Holding the instrument by the four corners, it must he said that the language is contractual in nature, so the accord and satisfaction can not be treated as a mere receipt, which is always subject to explanation by oral evidence. The instrument, however, only purports to release all claims or charges to the daté of its execution. It is plain the parties had in mind other claims of damages growing out of the seduction not accrued at the time the instrument was signed. There is sufficient ambiguity in the instrument to admit oral evidence in explanation of what claim or damages was or was not intended to be covered by the writing. For the error indicated, the judgment dismissing the complaint is reversed with instructions to proceed with the trial of the cause in accordance with this opinion.