Court Opinion

ID: 4696209
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-06-16 20:01:05.92837+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:05:39.184042
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUN 16 2021
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

                                                No.    20-71044
OSCAR ARMANDO DUENAS-
ESCOBAR,
                                                Agency No.
                                                A209-950-310
                Petitioner,

  v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                               Submitted June 14, 2021**
                               San Francisco, California

Before: TASHIMA and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges, and RAYES,*** District
Judge.

       *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
       **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument and grants the parties’ joint motion to submit the case on the
briefs. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
       ***
             The Honorable Douglas L. Rayes, United States District Judge for the
District of Arizona, sitting by designation.
      Petitioner Oscar Duenas-Escobar, a national of El Salvador, entered the

United States without valid entry documentation or inspection and was

subsequently apprehended by immigration officials. Duenas was charged as

removable, but sought asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the

Convention Against Torture (CAT). After a full merits hearing, the Immigration

Judge (IJ) determined that Duenas was ineligible for relief and subject to removal.

The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) affirmed. Duenas petitions for review.

      We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and examine the BIA’s legal

conclusions de novo and its factual findings for substantial evidence. Bringas-

Rodriguez v. Sessions, 850 F.3d 1051, 1059 (9th Cir. 2017) (en banc) (citations

omitted). We deny the petition.

      The BIA did not err in rejecting Duenas’ asylum claim, which alleged a

well-founded fear of persecution due to his alleged membership in the particular

social group (PSG) of “young Salvadorans who resist corrupt practices of police

officers.” Duenas’ proffered PSG is not cognizable because it lacks social

distinction. No evidence in the record indicates that Salvadoran society perceives

those who resist police corruption as a distinct group. Pirir-Boc v. Holder, 750

F.3d 1077, 1084 (9th Cir. 2014). In addition, substantial evidence supports the

BIA’s determination that Duenas failed to establish a nexus between the harm

suffered and a protected ground. Notably, substantial evidence supports the

                                         2                                    20-71044
conclusion that the police-harm stemmed from Officer Montes’ personal vendetta

against Duenas because of his relationship with Rosa, and that the gang-harm arose

from Duenas’s refusal to sell drugs for the 18-street gang. See Pagayon v. Holder,

642 F.3d 1226, 1235 (9th Cir. 2011) (“A personal dispute is not, standing alone,

tantamount to persecution based on an imputed political opinion.”).

      Because Duenas did not meet the lower asylum burden of proof, substantial

evidence necessarily supports the BIA’s determination that Duenas did not

establish that he would more likely than not suffer persecution in El Salvador on

account of a protected ground for withholding of removal purposes. Halaim v. INS,

358 F.3d 1128, 1132 (9th Cir. 2004). Contrary to Duenas’ argument—that the BIA

committed harmful error by failing to consider whether Officer Montes was driven

by mixed motives in harming Duenas—the BIA found the potential link between

the gang threat and the police beating no more than speculative. However, even if

the BIA had concluded that Officer Montes was affiliated with the 18-street gang,

despite Duenas’ testimony to the contrary, and beat Duenas because of both his

relationship with Rosa and his refusal to sell drugs for the gang, such a finding

would still not establish that Duenas would more likely than not suffer persecution

on account of his membership in a cognizable PSG.

      Finally, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s finding that Duenas did not

establish eligibility for CAT protection, concluding it is not more likely than not

                                          3                                    20-71044
that Duenas would be tortured in El Salvador. Unuakhaulu v. Ashcroft, 416 F.3d

931, 938–39 (9th Cir. 2005). Particularly, the BIA determined that it was

speculative that Officer Montes would seek to harm, much less torture, Duenas

when he had not seen Officer Montes in years. Duenas provided no evidence that

Officer Montes continues to look for him, and Duenas has had no further contact

with Rosa. It similarly determined that Duenas has not shown a likelihood that

gangs would seek to torture him when members of the 18-street gang had only

threatened him on one occasion years prior.

      PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.

                                        4                                   20-71044