Court Opinion

ID: 1017157
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-07-04 22:00:37.770753+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T10:31:35.268819
License: Public Domain

UNPUBLISHED

                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                       FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

                               No. 05-4256

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                               Plaintiff - Appellee,

          versus

MICHAEL LAURICE CONRAD,

                                              Defendant - Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District        Court for the Middle
District of North Carolina, at Durham.         James A. Beaty, Jr.,
District Judge. (CR-04-325)

Submitted:   August 31, 2005            Decided:   September 21, 2005

Before LUTTIG, WILLIAMS, and KING, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

Thomas N. Cochran, Assistant Federal Public Defender, Greensboro,
North Carolina, for Appellant. Anna Mills Wagoner, United States
Attorney, Robert A. J. Lang, Assistant United States Attorney,
Greensboro, North Carolina, for Appellee.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
See Local Rule 36(c).
PER CURIAM:

             Michael Laurice Conrad pled guilty to possession of a

firearm by a convicted felon, 18 U.S.C.A. §§ 922(g)(1), 924(e)

(West 2000 & Supp. 2005).            The district court sentenced Conrad as

an armed career criminal to a term of 192 months imprisonment,

imposing     the       sentence    after    consideration     of    the     advisory

sentencing guidelines and the factors in 18 U.S.C.A. § 3553(a)

(West 2000 & Supp. 2005).             Conrad appeals his sentence, arguing

that the Sixth Amendment was violated when the district court found

that the prior predicate offenses were violent felonies and were

committed on occasions different from one another. See 18 U.S.C.A.

§ 924(e).    We affirm.

            Section 924(e) provides for a minimum sentence of fifteen

years for a violation of § 922(g)(1) when the defendant has “three

previous convictions . . . for a violent felony or a serious drug

offense,    or     both,   committed       on   occasions   different       from   one

another.”        18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1).            The term “violent felony”

includes burglary. 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii). A North Carolina

conviction       for    breaking    and    entering   amounts      to   a   “generic

burglary” under § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii) and thus constitutes a violent

felony under § 924(e).             United States v. Bowden, 975 F.2d 1080,

1085 (4th Cir. 1992) (citing Taylor v. United States, 495 U.S. 575

(1990)).

                                          - 2 -
            In     this    case,     the    indictment        charged    that     Conrad

possessed a firearm after being convicted of breaking and entering

on February 13, 1995, and on August 7, 1991, and                   being convicted

of breaking and entering and larceny on November 5, 1990.                         At his

guilty plea hearing, Conrad did not admit that he was subject to an

armed career criminal sentence so as to preserve any claims he

might have under United States v. Booker, 125 S. Ct. 738 (2005),

which had not yet been decided.                    At the post-Booker sentencing

hearing in February 2005, defense counsel argued that Conrad was

not subject to an enhanced sentence under § 924(e) because the

indictment did not specifically charge the nature of the predicate

offenses and the fact that they occurred on different occasions.

The    district    court    overruled        his     objection,    found     that    the

indictment alleged three prior convictions for violent felonies

that    occurred    on    occasions        different     from    one     another,    and

concluded that Conrad was subject to punishment under § 924(e)(1).

The    advisory    guideline    range       was     180-210    months.      The    court

considered the advisory guideline range and the § 3553(a) factors,

and imposed a sentence of 192 months imprisonment.

            Conrad       maintains    on     appeal     that,    after     Blakely   v.

Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004), and Shepard v. United States, 125

S. Ct. 1254 (2005), his sentence is unconstitutional because the

indictment did not specify that the three prior felony convictions

were violent felonies and that they were committed on different

                                           - 3 -
occasions.    In Shepard v. United States, 125 S. Ct. 1254 (2005),

the Supreme Court held that Sixth Amendment protections apply to

disputed facts about a prior conviction that are not evident from

“the conclusive significance of a prior judicial record.”             Id. at

1262-63. Here, Conrad did not contend in the district court either

that the predicate offenses were not violent felonies or that they

were not committed on occasions different from one another.                He

simply argued, as he does here, that the indictment did not specify

the dates on which the offenses were committed or the nature of the

offenses.    Conrad’s argument is foreclosed by United States v.

Thompson, No. 04-4678 (4th Cir. Sep. 6, 2005), in which we held

that the nature and occasion of the offenses are facts inherent in

the convictions.   No. 04-4678, slip op. at 8, 12.          These facts do

not need to be alleged in the indictment or submitted to a jury.

Id. at 3 n.2, 8, 12. Therefore, we conclude that no constitutional

error occurred in this case.

            Accordingly,   we   affirm    the   sentence   imposed    by   the

district court.    We dispense with oral argument because the facts

and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials

before the court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

                                                                     AFFIRMED

                                  - 4 -