Court Opinion

ID: 4368268
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-02-15 13:35:18.529377+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:49:04.140574
License: Public Domain

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

Gladys J.,
Respondent Below, Petitioner                                                     FILED
                                                                            February 15, 2019
vs.) No. 18-0146 (Cabell County 12-D-598)                                    EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                             SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                 OF WEST VIRGINIA
Ronnie J.,
Petitioner Below, Respondent

                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Gladys J., by counsel Steven T. Cook, appeals the Circuit Court of Cabell
County’s January 18, 2018, order affirming the family court’s August 7, 2017, order in this
divorce action.1 Respondent Ronnie J., by counsel John A. Proctor, filed a response in support of
the circuit court’s order. Petitioner filed a reply. On appeal, petitioner argues that the family
court erred in changing her permanent alimony award to a rehabilitative alimony award, in
awarding only $8,000 in attorney’s fees, in calculating the alimony award, and in failing to
address premium fault alimony.

       This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the order of the circuit court is appropriate under
Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

       The parties married on September 12, 1987.2 In May of 2008, they separated, but
respondent did not formally initiate divorce proceedings until June of 2012. The parties were
granted a divorce based upon irreconcilable differences by order entered on April 15, 2014.

       1
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
       2
        During their marriage, the parties had three children; however, there are no issues on
appeal that relate directly to the children or any custodial arrangement.

                                                1
       Thereafter, petitioner filed an appeal with this Court raising eighteen assignments of
error. See Gladys J. v. Ronnie J., No. 15-0191, 2016 WL 3165981 (W.Va. June 3,
2016)(memorandum decision) (“Gladys J. I”). For reasons identified in that decision, we
summarily affirmed all but the following four assignments of error:

        1) whether the circuit court erred in affirming the family court’s determination
        that the wife was entitled to only $500 per month permanent spousal support; 2)
        whether the circuit court erred in affirming the family court’s award of child
        support that was not based upon the husband’s gross income at the time of the
        final hearing; 3) whether the circuit court erred in affirming the family court’s
        award of the dependent children exemptions to the husband; and 4) whether the
        circuit court erred in affirming the family court’s determination that the husband
        pay the wife’s attorney’s fees and costs in the amount of only $3,000.

Id. at *1.

        With respect to the permanent spousal support award, we found that the family court
failed to undertake a “real discussion concerning the husband’s fault or comparison of the
husband’s fault with the wife’s fault for purposes of determining an appropriate spousal support
award.” Id. at *4; see also W.Va. Code § 48-8-104.3 We also found that the family court only
paid “lip-service” to the factors set forth in West Virginia Code § 48-6-301, which are required
to be considered in determining the amount of spousal support.4 In sum, we found that “[t]he
family court failed to properly consider all the statutory factors, failed to consider the husband’s
earnings of $145,250 per year, with the wife having no attributable income, and failed to
consider the husband’s fault.” Gladys J. I. at *5. Accordingly, we found that “the family court
erred in its award of permanent spousal support . . . in the amount of $500[,]” reversed the
permanent spousal support award, and remanded the matter for further consideration. Id.

       In addressing petitioner’s assignment of error regarding the attorney’s fees award, we
found that the family court “failed to articulate any reasoning regarding the award.” Id. at *6.
This failure made it “impossible to ascertain from the order how the family court arrived at the
amount of $3,000. . . .” Id. Consequently, we found that the family court abused its discretion in
awarding attorney’s fees, reversed the award, and remanded the matter for further proceedings,

        3
        West Virginia Code § 48-8-104 directs a court to “consider and compare the fault or
misconduct of either or both of the parties and the effect of the fault or misconduct as a
contributing factor to the deterioration of the marital relationship” in “determining whether
spousal support is to be awarded, or in determining the amount of spousal support, if any, to be
awarded . . . .”
        4
         At the relevant time period, West Virginia Code § 48-6-301(b) (2001) set forth twenty
factors the circuit court was to consider “in determining the amount of spousal support, child
support or separate maintenance, if any, to be ordered . . . .”

                                                 2
including an analysis of the factors set forth in Banker v. Banker, 196 W.Va. 535, 474 S.E.2d
465 (1996).5

        On August 7, 2017, the family court entered its final order setting forth its rulings on the
issues we directed be addressed on remand. The family court addressed all of the factors
enumerated in West Virginia Code § 48-6-301 and considered and compared the fault or
misconduct of the parties in contributing to the deterioration of the marriage, as required by West
Virginia Code § 48-8-104. After conducting its analysis, the family court awarded petitioner
rehabilitative alimony in the amount of $2,700 per month for seven years.6

        The family court also addressed the factors we outlined in Banker to be considered in
awarding attorney’s fees in divorce actions.7 Following that analysis, the family court directed
that respondent pay $8,000 to petitioner for her attorney’s fees and costs.

        Petitioner appealed the August 7, 2017, family court order to the circuit court. She argued
that the family court erred in changing her permanent alimony award to a rehabilitative alimony
award, in awarding only $8,000 in attorney’s fees, in failing to adopt her proposed findings
regarding the alimony factors enumerated in West Virginia Code § 48-6-301, and in failing to
address premium fault alimony. By order entered on January 18, 2018, the circuit court denied
petitioner’s appeal and affirmed the family court’s order. It is from this order that petitioner
appeals.

       5
         Our holdings on the remaining issues addressed in Gladys J. I are not at issue in the
current appeal.
       6
         “The court may award rehabilitative spousal support for a limited period of time to allow
the recipient spouse, through reasonable efforts, to become gainfully employed.” W.Va. Code §
48-8-105(a). Such awards are appropriate “when the dependent spouse evidences a potential for
self-support that could be developed through rehabilitation, training or academic study.” Id.
       7
           Specifically,

               [i]n divorce actions, an award of attorney’s fees rests initially within the
       sound discretion of the family [court] and should not be disturbed on appeal
       absent an abuse of discretion. In determining whether to award attorney’s fees, the
       family [court] should consider a wide array of factors including the party’s ability
       to pay his or her own fee, the beneficial results obtained by the attorney, the
       parties’ respective financial conditions, the effect of the attorney’s fees on each
       party’s standard of living, the degree of fault of either party making the divorce
       action necessary, and the reasonableness of the attorney’s fee request.

Banker, 196 W.Va. at 538, 474 S.E.2d at 468, Syl. Pt. 4.

                                                 3
        On appeal to this Court, petitioner asserts the same assignments of error she raised before
the circuit court. In reviewing the circuit court’s order, we apply the following standard:

               In reviewing a final order entered by a circuit court judge upon a review
       of, or upon a refusal to review, a final order of a family court judge, we review the
       findings of fact made by the circuit court judge under the clearly erroneous
       standard, and the application of law to the facts under an abuse of discretion
       standard. We review questions of law de novo.

Syl., Carr v. Hancock, 216 W.Va. 474, 607 S.E.2d 803 (2004).

        First, petitioner claims that she was entitled to a permanent alimony award rather than
rehabilitative spousal support. In support, she asserts that this Court, in Gladys J. I, did not direct
the family court to remove the permanent award, and she claims that the conversion to a
rehabilitative award “appears retaliatory.” Petitioner argues that the family court did not have the
authority to change the nature of the spousal support, and that the remand order in Gladys J. I
permitted only a reevaluation of the amount of a permanent alimony award.

        We begin by reiterating our finding in Gladys J. I that the “family court erred in its award
of [a] permanent spousal support award in the amount of $500” due to its failure to “properly
consider all the statutory factors . . . and . . . the husband’s fault.” 2016 WL 3165981 at *5. We,
therefore, reversed the permanent spousal support award and remanded the case “for further
consideration on this issue.” Id. In line with this directive, the family court further considered the
issue, made findings on each of the twenty factors set forth in West Virginia Code § 48-6-301,
and considered respondent’s fault. Gladys J. I did not require the family court to reach a certain
decision with respect to either the amount or type of spousal support award. Rather, the decision
required that a more thorough analysis be conducted on the issue of spousal support. In
complying with this directive, the family court determined that a permanent spousal support
award was no longer warranted and that a rehabilitative spousal support award was appropriate.
The circuit court determined that it “was always a possibility” that “[c]ompletion of the full
analysis [would] yield[] a change in the spousal support award.” We find no error in the circuit
court’s conclusion on this issue.

        Petitioner next takes issue with the lower courts’ $8,000 attorney’s fee award. Petitioner
asserts that her attorney’s fees total in excess of $40,000. Further, she argues that in light of
respondent’s misconduct, which included an affair, the disparity in the parties’ income, and the
fact that petitioner “prevail[ed] on nearly every issue” below, an award of $40,000 was
necessary.

       “In divorce actions, an award of attorney’s fees rests initially within the sound discretion
of the family [court] and should not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion.”
Banker, 196 W.Va. at 538, 474 S.E.2d at 468, Syl. Pt. 4, in part. We find no abuse of discretion
here. As with the prior asserted error, we remanded the matter following Gladys J. I due to the
family court’s failure “to articulate any reasoning regarding the [attorney’s fee] award” and our
consequent inability to “ascertain from the order how the family court arrived at” that award.
2016 WL 3165981 at *6. In accord with our instruction to consider the factors set forth in

                                                  4
Banker, the family court made findings with respect to each factor. Indeed, petitioner does not
argue that the family court’s analysis was inadequate; rather, she disagrees with the outcome of
that analysis. Additionally, petitioner’s argument on appeal disregards the finding that “she was
awarded $57,714 in the marital [retirement] account[,] . . . . which could assist her in paying a
portion of her own attorney’s fee.” Because the family court conducted the analysis directed in
Gladys J. I, we find no abuse of discretion in the amount of attorney’s fees awarded to petitioner.

       Petitioner’s third assignment of error concerns the family court’s failure to adopt her
proposed findings of fact regarding the alimony factors set forth in West Virginia Code § 48-6-
301. Petitioner also argues that, even if this Court finds no error in the findings adopted, we
should, nonetheless, award permanent spousal support in the amount of $3,500 per month.

        Petitioner cites no law requiring a family court to adopt in whole or verbatim a party’s
proposed findings. Moreover, petitioner fails to offer any analysis of how her proposed findings
materially differ from those made by the family court, or how any difference affected her; rather,
she merely lists the findings that she asserts the lower court should have made.8 Due to this
failure, and because the family court’s order is sufficiently detailed to show it adequately
considered each factor in West Virginia Code § 48-6-301, we find no error.

        Finally, petitioner claims that the family court, contrary to our direction in Gladys J. I,
failed to adequately address premium fault alimony. Petitioner also states that “the family court
found marital fault on . . . [respondent’s part] and the same should have been labeled premium
fault based spousal support.”

        In earlier finding that the lower courts failed to adequately address respondent’s fault or
compare his fault with petitioner’s fault, we noted that West Virginia Code § 48-8-104 directs a
court to consider such in determining whether to award spousal support and, if so, in determining
the amount. Gladys J. I, 2016 WL 3165981 at *4. We also noted that Hastings v. Hastings, 201
W.Va. 354, 497 S.E.2d 203 (1997),

       recognized that marital fault was a statutory factor to be examined by the court in
       determining spousal support . . . as follows: . . . .

       In appropriate circumstances, an enhancement of an award of
       maintenance/alimony based on the degree of fault is justified. Enhancement of a
       maintenance/alimony award by a fault premium may be awarded when additional
       support is required to reimburse the injured spouse for expenses directly related to
       the fault or to assure that the injured spouse continues to have the standard of
       living enjoyed during the marriage. A fault premium may also be applied to

       8
        Petitioner failed to properly brief certain assignments of error in Gladys J. I., 2016 WL
3165981 at *7 n.1. Here, too, we remind petitioner “that the record is vitally important to a
successful appeal,” and “[a] skeletal ‘argument,’ really nothing more than an assertion, does not
preserve a claim.” Id. (internal quotations and citations omitted).

                                                5
       discourage the fault or behavior that contributed to the dissolution of the
       marriage. In determining an award of maintenance/alimony enhanced by a fault
       premium, the circuit court must consider the concrete financial realities of the
       parties.

Id. (citing Hastings, 201 W.Va. at 359 n.9, 497 S.E.2d at 208 n.9). Thus, on remand, the family
court was instructed to consider the husband’s fault in determining an appropriate spousal
support award. Upon review of the family court’s order, we find that the family court did just
that: it detailed respondent’s affair; his purported withdrawal of marital funds to save the marital
home from foreclosure and, instead, subsequent gambling loss of at least a portion of those
funds; his purchase of another home with his lover; and the ultimate loss of the marital home to
foreclosure, leaving petitioner and the parties’ children “scrambling to find a place to live.” We
did not direct that a fault premium be awarded to petitioner in Gladys J. I. Rather, we directed
that the family court consider respondent’s guilt in determining an appropriate spousal support
award, which it did. Accordingly, we find no error.

        For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s January 18, 2018, order denying petitioner’s
petition for appeal is hereby affirmed.

                                                                                         Affirmed.

ISSUED: February 15, 2019

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Tim Armstead
Justice Evan H. Jenkins
Justice John A. Hutchison

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