Court Opinion

ID: 624153
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2012-03-03 06:32:35+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:51:06.987482
License: Public Domain

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

                      IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                                   FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT           FILED
                                    ________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                            ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                            No. 11-12483                       FEB 24, 2012
                                        Non-Argument Calendar                   JOHN LEY
                                      ________________________                   CLERK

                           D.C. Docket No. 6:06-cr-00237-GAP-DAB-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll                                         Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                                  versus

WILLIAM IREY,

                                            llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllDefendant-Appellant.

                                     ________________________

                           Appeal from the United States District Court
                               for the Middle District of Florida
                                 ________________________

                                           (February 24, 2012)

Before CARNES, PRYOR, and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
      William Irey pleaded guilty to and was convicted of sexually exploiting

children overseas for the purpose of producing child pornography in violation of

18 U.S.C. § 2251(c). He challenges his 360-month sentence, which the district

court imposed following a limited remand from this Court. Irey contends that,

despite this Court’s limited remand directing the district court to impose a 360-

month sentence, the district court was required to consider evidence of his conduct

since he has been in prison. He appeals the district court’s judgment imposing the

sentence and its order denying his motion to vacate that judgment.

                                         I.

      The facts underlying Irey’s criminal conduct are detailed in United States v.

Irey, 612 F.3d 1160, 1166–68 (11th Cir. 2010) (en banc), which summed up those

facts as follows:

      It is difficult to find a case involving sexual abuse of children that
      compares to this one. The number of Irey’s victims (at least 50), the
      very young age (four, five, and six years old) of some of them, the
      extreme nature of the abuse and torture that he inflicted on them, the
      number of years it went on (four or five), and the massive amount of
      graphic child pornography that he single-handedly produced and
      distributed (at least 1,200 photographs or videos showing Irey himself
      sexually abusing the children) combine to make his criminal behavior
      the worst of the worst.

                                         2
Id. at 1219–20. The district court initially sentenced Irey to 210 months, which

was a substantial downward deviation from the 360-month sentence recommended

by the sentencing guidelines. See id. at 1180. The government appealed and this

Court sitting en banc held that the downward variance was substantively

unreasonable. Id. at 1222. We concluded that no downward variance would be

reasonable in Irey’s case, and “[n]othing less than the advisory guidelines sentence

of 30 years, which is the maximum available, will serve the sentencing purposes

set out in [18 U.S.C.] § 3553(a).” Id.

      We explained:

      This is one of those unusual cases where the top and bottom of the
      guidelines range are the same; both are 30 years. There can be no
      upward variance because the statutory maximum is also 30 years. As
      a result, our holding that no downward variance is reasonable under
      the totality of the facts and circumstances of this case means that on
      remand the sentence must be 30 years.

Id. at 1224. Accordingly, we issued a very limited remand: “Because we have

determined that a downward deviation from the guidelines range in this case is

unreasonable, it follows that the only action on remand that will be consistent with

this opinion is resentencing within the guidelines range, which necessarily means

a sentence of 30 years.” Id. at 1224–25.

                                           3
      The Supreme Court denied Irey’s petition for a writ of certiorari. Irey v.

United States, 131 S.Ct. 1813 (2011). After that the district court issued a

judgment that followed this Court’s limited mandate and resentenced Irey to 360

months (30 years). Irey then moved the district court to vacate that judgment,

arguing that it should have permitted him to present evidence of his post-

sentencing rehabilitation based on the Supreme Court’s decision in Pepper v.

United States, 562 U.S. __, 131 S.Ct. 1229 (2011), which was issued after our en

banc decision in this case. The district court denied Irey’s motion, finding that

Pepper did not apply because our mandate limited the remand to having that court

impose a 30-year sentence.

      Irey appealed, raising one issue: whether the district court erred by

resentencing him to 30 years of imprisonment without considering evidence of his

post-sentencing conduct. The crux of his argument is that Pepper was an

intervening change in controlling law that required the district court to consider

his post-sentencing conduct notwithstanding our limited mandate that only a 30-

year sentence would be reasonable.

                                         II.

      A district court acting on remand cannot vary or examine our mandate “for

any other purpose than execution; or give any other or further relief; or review it,

                                          4
even for apparent error, upon a matter decided on appeal; or intermeddle with it,

further than to settle so much as has been remanded.” United States v. Tamayo, 80

F.3d 1514, 1520 (11th Cir. 1996) (quotation marks omitted). When we issue a

limited mandate, “the trial court is restricted in the range of issues it may consider

on remand.” United States v. Davis, 329 F.3d 1250, 1252 (11th Cir. 2003).

Ruling on matters outside of the scope of a limited mandate constitutes an abuse of

discretion. Tamayo, 80 F.3d at 1520.

      The mandate rule has three exceptions: (1) a later trial produces

substantially new evidence; (2) there is a change in controlling legal authority; or

(3) a clear error in the earlier appellate decision would work manifest injustice.

United States v. Amedeo, 487 F.3d 823, 830 (11th Cir. 2007). Irey argues that the

second exception to the mandate rule applies here. The Supreme Court’s Pepper

decision, however, was not an intervening change in controlling law that required

or permitted the district court to deviate from this Court’s mandate in order to

consider Irey’s post-conviction conduct.

      Pepper held that when a defendant’s sentence has been set aside on appeal, a

district court “may consider evidence of a defendant’s postsentencing

rehabilitation at resentencing and such evidence may, in appropriate cases, support

a downward variance from the advisory Guidelines range.” Pepper, 562 U.S. at

                                           5
__, 131 S.Ct. at 1249 (emphasis added). The Court expressly stated, however, that

it did not “mean to preclude courts of appeals from issuing limited remand orders,

in appropriate cases, that may render evidence of postsentencing rehabilitation

irrelevant in light of the narrow purposes of the remand proceeding.” Id. at 1249

n.17. Irey’s case is one of those for which our limited remand order rendered

evidence of post-sentencing rehabilitation irrelevant in light of the narrow

purposes of the remand proceeding. The district court followed our limited

remand order as it was required to do.1

       AFFIRMED.

       1
         We do not mean to imply that the ultimate sentence imposed on Irey might have been lower
as a result of Pepper if our remand had not been limited. Given the extraordinary facts of his crime,
which were discussed at length in our opinion, see Irey, 612 F.3d at 1166–68, 1176–77, 1206–09,
1219–25, no sentence less than 30 years would be reasonable regardless of his post-sentencing
rehabilitation.

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