Court Opinion

ID: 9961928
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-04-21 07:20:25.958597+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:19:20.861101
License: Public Domain

Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion on Remand filed April 16, 2024.

                                     In The

                    Fourteenth Court of Appeals

                              NO. 14-17-00580-CR

                  CHARLES ROBERT RANSIER, Appellant
                                        V.
                      THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                   On Appeal from the 207th District Court
                            Comal County, Texas
                     Trial Court Cause No. CR2016-303

                 MEMORANDUM OPINION ON REMAND

      On remand from the court of criminal appeals, we address appellant’s point
of error one, the sole remaining issue in this case, in which appellant asserts the
trial court reversibly erred when it admitted evidence that included a statement by
appellant that he was an “ex-con.” See Ransier v. State, 594 S.W.3d 1, 6 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2019), rev’d and remanded, 670 S.W.3d 646 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2023) (Ransier I). Concluding that although the trial court erred in
admitting the evidence appellant’s substantial rights were not affected, we affirm
the judgment of the trial court. See Tex. R. App. P 44.2(b).

                                I.    BACKGROUND

      A more extensive recitation of the facts at issue is contained in Ransier I.
Relevant to the sole issue on remand, a Department of Public Safety (DPS) trooper
found appellant on the side of the highway in his truck. Reacting to suspicions
raised by his initial encounter with appellant, the trooper received appellant’s
permission to search the truck. During the search, the trooper saw appellant “trying
to make some kind of movement and basically shoving his right hand underneath
the driver’s side seat.” The trooper asked appellant to step away, and when he did
not comply, the trooper forcibly “ripped” appellant away from his truck and onto
the ground. A broken syringe with methamphetamines was found a few feet from
appellant.

      During custodial interrogation, appellant admitted that he was attempting to
break or conceal the syringe because he was an “ex-con” and could not admit to
having drugs. Appellant sought to have his statement about being an “ex-con”
excluded from evidence during the guilt/innocence phase of the trial. At a pretrial
hearing outside the presence of the jury, the trial court denied appellant’s motion to
exclude on the basis that appellant’s statement that he was an “ex-con” provided a
motive for his actions. See Tex. R. Evid. 404(b)(2). A recording of the custodial
interrogation was later played for the jury, which included that statement. The
attorney for the State also summarized appellant’s statement about being an
“ex-con” in his opening statement.

      Appellant was charged with two different offenses: (1) tampering with
physical evidence and (2) possession of a controlled substance (less than one
gram). The jury found appellant guilty of both offenses. Appellant elected to have
the jury assess punishment. Because of prior felony convictions to which appellant
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pleaded true, the jury sentenced appellant to punishment at life imprisonment for
the tampering conviction and 20-years’ imprisonment plus a $10,000 fine for his
possession-of-a-controlled-substance conviction.

                                 II.    ANALYSIS

       Appellant conceded that he committed the offense of possession of a
controlled substance at trial. Therefore, we consider only whether the trial court’s
admission of appellant’s statement that he was an “ex-con” resulted in reversible
error with respect to his conviction for tampering with physical evidence.

A.     Preservation of error

       The State argues that appellant did not preserve error on this point because
he waived any alleged error. Here, however, the trial court heard appellant’s
objections to the admission of the statement in which appellant describes himself
as an “ex-con” outside the presence of the jury and ruled that the statement was
admissible. Tex. R. Evid. 103(b); Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a). Because the trial court
made an adverse ruling, we conclude that appellant did not waive any alleged
error. See id.

B.     Applicable law

       A trial court’s ruling on the admissibility of evidence is reviewed under an
abuse-of-discretion standard. Johnson v. State, 490 S.W.3d 895, 908 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2016). A trial court abuses its discretion when its decision falls outside the
zone of reasonable disagreement. Id.

       Rule 404(b) states that evidence of extraneous offenses is not admissible to
prove that a defendant committed the charged offense in conformity with a bad
character. Tex. R. Evid. 404(b)(1); see also Bordelon v. State, 683 S.W.2d 9 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1985); Williams v. State, 662 S.W.2d 344 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983).

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Extraneous-offense evidence may be admissible, however, when it has relevance
beyond character-conformity, for example, to show proof of motive, opportunity,
intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.
Tex. R. Evid. 404(b)(2).

C.    Admission of appellant’s statement

      In the short video excerpt of appellant’s custodial interrogation, appellant
was asked if he was trying to break or get rid of the syringe containing
methamphetamines. Appellant responded that it was his intention and then
explained that he was an “ex-con” and therefore could not have told the trooper
that he had “dope” on him.

      “[T]he mere fact that a party introduces evidence for a purpose other than
character conformity, or any of the other enumerated purposes in Rule 404(b), does
not, in itself, make that evidence admissible.” Rankin v. State, 974 S.W.2d 707,
719 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996), opinion withdrawn in part on reconsideration (July 8,
1998). Extraneous offenses may be admissible to show intent. However, if as here,
the intent element of the crime is not contradicted by the defendant, then evidence
of extraneous offenses is not justified or relevant. Id. At trial, the State argued that
appellant’s statement was relevant to his motive. Although proof of motive is not a
required element in criminal cases, “evidence of motive is one kind of evidence
[that aids in] establishing proof of an alleged offense.” Crane v. State, 786 S.W.2d
338, 349–50 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). For evidence of motive to be admissible, the
evidence must tend to raise an inference that the accused had a motive to commit
the alleged offense for which he is on trial. Bush v. State, 628 S.W.2d 441, 444
(Tex. Crim. App. 1982). Problematic for the State’s argument in this appeal is the
fact that motive was not a required element of the offense and appellant admitted
that he intended to conceal or break the syringe.

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      The disputed issue at trial was whether there was evidence that appellant
tampered with evidence. Although appellant conceded that he intended to conceal
or destroy evidence, he argued at trial there was no evidence adduced, beyond a
reasonable doubt, that he succeeded in concealing or destroying evidence. Because
appellant conceded he intended to destroy or conceal evidence, his motive offered
nothing more than the reasoning behind his stated intent, and therefore was not
relevant. See Tex. R. Evid. 404(b)(1). We conclude the trial court erred in
admitting appellant’s statement that he was an “ex-con.”

D.    Harm

      Having concluded that the trial court erred, we must now determine if the
error was harmful and therefore is reversible. The erroneous admission of
extraneous-offense evidence is reviewed under the standard for nonconstitutional
error. See Snowden v. State, 353 S.W.3d 815, 818 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011)
(observing that erroneous admission of extraneous-offense evidence is reviewed
for harm under standard for nonconstitutional error). Any error “that does not
affect substantial rights must be disregarded.” Tex. R. App. P. 44.2(b). In other
words, we disregard the erroneous admission of evidence if it did not adversely
affect the jury’s verdict or had only a slight effect on the jury’s verdict. See King v.
State, 953 S.W.2d 266, 271 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997).

      Here, appellant admitted in his custodial interrogation that he intended to
break or destroy evidence. After reviewing the evidence, the court of criminal
appeals concluded “there was evidence that Appellant fully concealed the syringe
from [the trooper] during the time that he first noticed that Appellant had
something in his hand but before the trooper first saw syringe, and there was no
evidence suggesting otherwise.” The jury also saw a video from the trooper’s
dashboard camera in which the trooper asked appellant what he had in his hand

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and then asked him to step away from the truck repeatedly. Considering the videos
and testimony received by the jury at trial, the admission of appellant’s statement
that he was an “ex-con” did not affect his substantial rights. It had a slight effect, if
any, on the jury’s guilty verdict. See Tex. R. App. P. 44.2(b); King, 953 S.W.2d at
271.

       We overrule appellant’s sole issue on remand and affirm the judgment as
challenged on appeal.

                                         /s/       Charles A. Spain
                                                   Justice

Panel consists of Justices Jewell, Zimmerer and Spain (Jewell, J., concurring in the
judgment without opinion).
Do Not Publish—Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).

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