Court Opinion

ID: 4427955
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-20 18:58:36.183764+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:50:47.941010
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-3913-17T1

MARK BARRY and
SANDRA BARRY,

         Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

MELMED CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY, INC., a New Jersey
Corporation, and VICTOR MELMED,

     Defendants-Respondents.
_________________________________

                   Argued February 13, 2019 - Decided July 22, 2019

                   Before Judges Fuentes, Accurso and Vernoia.

                   On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
                   Law Division, Monmouth County, Docket No.
                   L-2910-16.

                   Gil D. Messina argued the cause for appellants
                   (Messina Law Firm, attorneys; Gil D. Messina, on the
                   brief).

                   Thomas E. Wilson argued the cause for respondents.

PER CURIAM
        Plaintiffs Mark and Sandra Barry appeal from an order entered two

weeks before the end of extended discovery granting defendants Melmed

Construction Company, Inc. and Victor Melmed's motion to compel

arbitration. Because assessing defendants' litigation conduct in light of the

factors identified by our Supreme Court in Cole v. Jersey City Medical Center,

215 N.J. 265, 280-81 (2013), makes clear defendants waived the agreement to

arbitrate, we reverse.

        The essential facts are easily summarized. Plaintiffs hired defendant

Melmed Construction to complete renovations to their home in Middletown at

an estimated cost of $280,000.       At plaintiffs' request, Melmed inserted an

arbitration clause drafted by plaintiffs' attorney into the contract. 1 At the end

1
    The arbitration clause provided as follows:

                     Any issues that may arise during this repair
              project will be submitted to the architect for his
              determination. The decision of the architect will be
              final unless either party submits a claim or objection
              to the architect within 10 days. Any such issue or
              dispute shall not result in a delay of the project and
              shall be finally resolved after completion of
              construction by submission to an arbitrator selected by
              the parties or, if the parties cannot agree upon an
              arbitrator, the matter shall be submitted to the
              American Arbitration Association for selection of an
              arbitrator and for arbitration in accordance with
                                                                        (continued)
                                                                          A-3913-17T1
                                        2
of the project, relations between plaintiffs and Melmed broke down, with each

side suing the other in the Law Division.

      Melmed filed first, demanding $85,000 on a book account complaint.

The complaint included a demand for jury trial and a Rule 4:5-1 certification

that no other action or arbitration was known or contemplated. Before being

served with Melmed's complaint, plaintiffs filed their own complaint against

Melmed alleging consumer fraud. Plaintiffs' complaint likewise included a

jury trial demand but omitted a Rule 4:5-1 certification.

      Melmed filed an answer to plaintiffs' complaint, with a jury demand,

asserting its book account complaint was the only other action or arbitration

known or contemplated. Several months later, plaintiffs obtained leave to file

an amended complaint, adding Melmed's principal, Victor Melmed, as a

defendant.     In response, Melmed, seven months after filing its original

complaint, moved to consolidate the actions and send them to arbitration.

Plaintiffs moved to dismiss Melmed's complaint and opposed the motion to

compel arbitration, arguing Melmed had waived arbitration by initiating suit in

(continued)
              Association's commercial rules. The parties shall
              share the costs of arbitration equally and the decision
              of the arbitrator shall be final. Each party will bear its
              own attorney's fees.

                                                                           A-3913-17T1
                                         3
the Law Division and engaging in discovery and motion practice. Melmed

countered that documents exchanged in discovery established the parties had

initiated the arbitration process by "going through the architect." The court,

concluding those "materials . . . concerning back and forth between an

architect," which had not been submitted on the motion, "might be relevant

information as to whether arbitration is appropriate or not," denied the motion

to compel arbitration without prejudice.

      The court further granted plaintiffs' motion to dismiss Melmed's

complaint without prejudice for pleading deficiencies, denied the motion to

consolidate as moot and directed defendants to file an answer to plaintiff's

amended complaint with any counterclaim they deemed appropriate. The court

agreed the cases should proceed under one docket number, explaining that

once defendants filed their answer and counterclaim, the court would "expect a

motion to be filed . . . and we'll figure out under which docket number we're

proceeding and what the appropriate forum" should be. Defendants filed their

answer and counterclaim, again demanding a jury trial but also including a

count in their counterclaim demanding arbitration and noting in their Rule

4:5-1 certification that defendants "have hereby within demanded arbitration of

these within matters."

                                                                      A-3913-17T1
                                      4
      Defendants did not, however, follow up that pleading with a motion to

permit the court to determine "what the appropriate forum" should be. Instead,

the parties intensively litigated the case for the next thirteen months, obtaining

two extensions of the discovery end date. Plaintiffs obtained leave to file a

second amended complaint, adding another Melmed principal, Eli Cohen, as a

defendant. The parties engaged in extensive motion practice over service of

the second amended complaint and defendants' failure to file a timely

responsive pleading. Those motions were resolved with the court reinstating

defendant Victor Melmed's appearance and directing defendants to file an

answer to the second amended complaint.              Defendants answered that

complaint, filing a counterclaim and jury demand. Although the counterclaim

included a count to compel arbitration, defendants' Rule 4:5-1 certification

stated that no other action or arbitration was known or contemplated.

      The parties also filed motions accusing one another of failing to comply

with discovery. The court denied defendants' motion and granted plaintiffs',

finding defendants' repeated failure to appear for depositions was not

"substantially justified" and had unduly delayed discovery.           The court

sanctioned defendants, ordering them to pay plaintiffs' counsel fees "caused by

the delay and necessity to resort to motion practice" and ordered them to

                                                                        A-3913-17T1
                                       5
appear for their depositions.    Defendants then failed to pay the sanction,

necessitating another motion and a court order awarding additional fees.

      Approximately one year after the denial without prejudice of defendants'

motion to compel arbitration, defendants filed their second motion to compel

arbitration supported only by counsel's certification to which he attached the

contract and an email between the parties demonstrating that plaintiffs drafted

the arbitration clause. Defendants did not submit a brief. Defendants made

their motion a month after a case management conference setting dates for

their response to defendants' second request for production of documents,

which was delinquent, and extending discovery. No mention was made of a

second motion to compel arbitration.

      Plaintiffs opposed the motion, contending the order denying defendants'

initial motion to compel arbitration was final and binding, the arbitration

agreement was not enforceable against plaintiffs, and defendants had waived

whatever right they had to arbitration by their litigation conduct. Plaintiffs

also filed their own motion to dismiss defendants' pleadings for their failure to

respond to defendants' second request for production of documents in

accordance with the case management order.

                                                                       A-3913-17T1
                                       6
         After hearing argument, the judge put an opinion on the record granting

the motion to compel arbitration and denying as moot plaintiffs' motion to

dismiss defendants' pleadings for failure to comply with the case management

order.     The judge noted he had reviewed the audio recording of the prior

motion to compel arbitration and found that judge had "concisely laid out . . .

his plan for these matters," which included the denial of defendants' motion

"without prejudice in anticipation that the motion would be refiled with the

proper documentary evidence."        Determining defendants' motion was thus

"properly refiled," the court addressed it on the merits.

         The court found a valid agreement to arbitrate and that the parties'

dispute fell within the scope of the agreement.        Noting plaintiffs' counsel

drafted the clause, the court deemed it "extremely broad" and found the parties

had "freely agree[d] to the terms and conditions of the contractual agreement."

The court noted the presumption against waiver of an arbitration agreement,

Spaeth v. Srinivasan, 403 N.J. Super. 508, 514 (App. Div. 2008), and that the

determination of whether a party has waived its right to arbitration is a legal

one, Cole, 215 N.J. at 275, which the court noted "must be expressed 'clearly,

unequivocally, and decisively,'" id. at 276-77 (quoting Knorr v. Smeal, 178
N.J. 169, 177 (2003)).

                                                                        A-3913-17T1
                                        7
      Instead, however, of evaluating the factors the Court identified in Cole

for determining whether a party's litigation conduct "is consistent with its

reserved right to arbitrate the dispute," id. at 280, the trial court simply

concluded "[f]or all the foregoing reasons," that "defendant's motion to enforce

the arbitration clause is hereby granted" without any analysis of waiver.

      "[W]hether a party waived its arbitration right is a legal determination

subject to de novo review."       Id. at 275.     Although the factual findings

underpinning such a determination are ordinarily reviewed only for clear error,

ibid., no factual findings bind us here. Instead, we are left to apply the Cole

factors to the undisputed 2 procedural record of this case.

      The Court in Cole identified seven factors a court should evaluate in

assessing "whether a party to an arbitration agreement has waived that

remedy." Id. at 280. The factors are:

            (1) the delay in making the arbitration request; (2) the
            filing of any motions, particularly dispositive motions,
            and their outcomes; (3) whether the delay in seeking
            arbitration was part of the party's litigation strategy;

2
  The only procedural fact apparently disputed is whether a trial date had been
set when defendants made their second motion to compel arbitration. The
court's Automated Case Management System record reflects a trial date of July
2, 2018, approximately two months following the extended discovery end date
of May 10, 2018. Defendants contend they received no notice of a trial date.
Given the dispute, we do not consider the setting of a trial date in our analysis.

                                                                        A-3913-17T1
                                        8
              (4) the extent of discovery conducted; (5) whether the
              party raised the arbitration issue in its pleadings,
              particularly as an affirmative defense, or provided
              other notification of its intent to seek arbitration; (6)
              the proximity of the date on which the party sought
              arbitration to the date of trial; and (7) the resulting
              prejudice suffered by the other party, if any.

              [Cole, 215 N.J. at 280-81.]

         Applying those factors here, we have no hesitation in concluding

defendants waived any right they had to arbitration.         Besides the fact that

defendants initiated litigation in the Law Division in derogation of the ir right

to arbitrate, they waited seven months before even raising the arbitration

clause in the agreement they sued on. Moreover, when their motion to compel

arbitration was denied without prejudice to provide them the opportunity to

produce the documents they claimed established the parties had already

initiated arbitration, defendants did not take it. Instead, they continued in

litigation for another year before refiling their motion.

         Although we do not agree with plaintiffs that the denial of defendants'

initial motion was a final and binding order, we also disagree with the trial

judge that defendants' motion could be considered "properly refiled" one year

later.    Further, defendants did not even file with their second motion the

documents they claimed proved the parties had already begun the arbitration

                                                                          A-3913-17T1
                                        9
process by submitting their dispute to the architect.            Defendants only

submitted those documents in their reply as an attachment to counsel's

certification. Aside from the fact that the documents appear to relate to normal

punch list items and do not appear to address either a dispute or arbitration,

they were improperly submitted on the motion. They are obviously not the

sort of documents that counsel can attest to under Rule 1:6-6, see Cafferata v.

Peyser, 251 N.J. Super. 256, 263-64 (App. Div. 1991) (addressing the

objectionable hearsay of attorneys certifying to facts not based on their

personal knowledge), and submitting them in reply deprived plaintiffs of any

opportunity to address them, see R. 1:6-3(a) (noting reply papers are only for

"responding to opposing affidavits or certifications"); Borough of Berlin v.

Remington & Vernick, Eng'rs, 337 N.J. Super. 590, 596 (App. Div. 2001)

("Raising an issue for the first time in a reply brief is improper.").

      There is no question but that defendants were aware of their right to seek

arbitration during the thirteen months they engaged in discovery and motion

practice following the denial of their initial motion. The parties exchanged

paper discovery during that period, engaged in motion practice and defendants'

principals were deposed pursuant to court order after they failed to appear on

noticed dates without justification.        Defendants were sanctioned for their

                                                                         A-3913-17T1
                                       10
conduct in delaying discovery and, indeed, it is difficult to conclude anything

other than the more than one-year delay in refiling the motion was as a result

of a deliberate strategy to use arbitration as a means of further delay. The

prejudice to plaintiffs in defendants' waiting to compel arbitration until the end

of extended discovery and multiple motions to compel defendants' compliance

with their discovery obligations is manifest. See Cole, 215 N.J. at 281-82.

      Because defendants' litigation conduct was inconsistent with their right

to arbitrate their dispute with plaintiffs, resulting in a waiver of that right, we

need not reach the issue of whether the arbitration clause would otherwise

have been binding on the parties. 3

      Reversed.

3
   We acknowledge the anomaly of plaintiffs' assertion that they are not bound
by the arbitration clause their counsel drafted and they insisted be included in
the contract between the parties, particularly in light of counsel's apparent
admission that he drafted the clause to allow plaintiffs to argue it could not be
enforced against them. While not endorsing such conduct, we do not address it
in light of defendants' waiver of an arbitration remedy.

                                                                         A-3913-17T1
                                      11