Court Opinion

ID: 4384251
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-04-04 16:45:20.578218+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:50:16.173197
License: Public Domain

J-S78022-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    TERRANCE SMITH                             :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 3382 EDA 2017

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered May 8, 2015
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-51-CR-0008918-2014

BEFORE:      LAZARUS, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.:                            FILED APRIL 04, 2019

        Terrance Smith appeals from the judgment of sentence entered on May

8, 2015. Following a bench trial, the court found him guilty of aggravated

assault, possession of an instrument of crime (PIC), simple assault, and

recklessly endangering another person.1 Smith challenges the discretionary

aspects of his sentence and maintains that the trial court imposed an unduly

harsh and excessive sentence. We affirm.

        The facts giving rise to the above convictions are as follows:

              On June 17, 2014, Philadelphia Housing Authority Police
        Officer David DiRico was on duty at the 2800 block of North 11 th
        Street in Philadelphia. He was in full uniform and in a marked
        patrol wagon. He and his partner Officer Small[2] exited the
____________________________________________

*    Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2702, 907, 2701, and 2705 respectively.

2   Officer Smalls’ first name was not placed on the record at trial.
J-S78022-18

     vehicle to sign their log and discuss their observations with their
     sergeant. Officer DiRico stood all the way at the side of the street,
     which was around seven or eight feet wide with full traffic flowing
     past him in the middle.

           Officer DiRico heard motorcycle noises and saw [Smith]
     driving towards him down the street on a dirt bike motorcycle.
     Officer DiRico and Officer Small noted that they saw [Smith]
     driving the same dirt bike earlier that day. [Smith] later [testified]
     that he rode the dirt bike every day in Philadelphia and on the day
     in question had been riding it for a few hours.

           Officer DiRico watched as [Smith] initially slowed down “35,
     40 miles an hour down to five,” but then accelerated while facing
     Officer DiRico, looking straight ahead as he did so. When [Smith]
     accelerated he was around fifteen feet away from the Officer.
     Officer DiRico attempted to back away, but a car prevented his
     escape. Despite there being “plenty of space” to drive past the
     police officers to stop his vehicle, [Smith] drove his dirt bike
     straight into Officer DiRico. Both men fell to the ground.

           [Smith] admitted that when the collision occurred he
     immediately jumped up and started running away. Officer DiRico
     attempted to follow him but was too severely injured. He then
     radioed it in as his partner and sergeant chased [Smith]. Officer
     DiRico saw [Smith] running between buildings down the street
     away from the scene two minutes later. [Smith] was eventually
     apprehended by pursuing officers. [Smith] added that this was
     because he stopped running and dropped to his knees.

           It was stipulated at trial that as a result of the crash, Officer
     DiRico had many injuries, including an injured back and a
     fractured tibia and fibula. As a result of his injuries he had to have
     several surgeries and procedures, including ones to get a titanium
     rod in his tibia, a meniscus repaired in his knee, nerves burnt in
     his back, and screws removed from his ankle. He was confined to
     a hospital bed for almost four months. As of [Smith’s] trial on
     March 2, 2015, Officer DiRico was still IOD (injured on duty) status
     and was still being treated by several doctors as a result of this
     incident.

           Regarding the crash, Officer DiRico testified repeatedly that
     he believed that because of traffic, [Smith] was stuck on the street
     approaching the officers and therefore purposely ran him over to

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      avoid being arrested for illegally driving a dirt bike in Philadelphia.
      Officer Small agreed that [Smith] had ample opportunity to stop
      or drive past Officer DiRico but instead chose to accelerate in his
      direction. [Smith testified] to driving his dirt bike into Officer
      DiRico on the date in question but claimed that it was an accident
      and that he could not brake in time to avoid hitting him. There
      was also a stipulation that if called, the two mothers of [Smith’s]
      children would both testify that [Smith] had a good reputation in
      his community for peacefulness.

Trial Court Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) Opinion (“TCO”), filed March 22, 2018, at 2-4

(citations to notes of testimony omitted).

      At the sentencing hearing, the parties agreed that Smith’s prior record

score was a two and that the Sentencing Guidelines recommended a minimum

sentence of 48 to 66 months, plus or minus 12 months. N.T. Sentencing

Hearing, 05/08/15, at 4. The trial court heard testimony from Smith’s current

girlfriend as well as his former girlfriend, his aunt, and one of his friends.

Defense counsel also provided the trial court with letters from Smith’s family

members. Officer DiRico testified to the injuries he sustained including “a tibia

and fibula fracture. . . Subsequently, I’ve had two screws removed out of my

ankle, which was a second surgery. I had a third surgery arthroscopically on

my knee. I’ve been seeing a doctor regarding back issues as well.” Id. at 14.

He also testified that he was bedridden for almost four months; was in a

wheelchair for six months; and at the time of the sentencing hearing was still

suffering from his injuries and had not been able to return to work. Id. at 14.

Officer DiRico’s wife testified that their “12 year old daughter is in therapy as

a result of this incident – accident.” Id. at 16. Additionally, Smith apologized

to Officer DiRico. Id. at 26. After hearing from both parties and considering

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the pre-sentence investigation report as well as the mental health evaluation,

the trial court stated the following:

       I’ve listened to the testimony from everyone who spoke today on
       both sides. I remember this case. I did not mitigate your sentence,
       but I did not aggravate it, due to the overwhelming reports that I
       have had in these letters and things of that nature. . . . And this
       could have been a mistake; however, it’s a very tragic one. And
       this officer will live forever with the consequences of your actions,
       mistake or not. And as a result, there has to be some balance
       here, and that’s why you’re going to go up state. . . And I
       personally appreciate the apology. I’m sure the officer, you know,
       that means something to him and his family because they have
       just been devastated by this.

Id. at 28-89. The court then imposed a sentence of four to eight years’

incarceration for aggravated assault followed by a consecutive term of five

years reporting probation for PIC.3 Id. Smith filed a post-sentence motion,

arguing that “[his] actions, . . . were not caused by a hardness of heart, but

rather were the unfortunate result of a dirt bike accident[,]” and requested a

sentence “which gives more leniency and/or flexibility.” Post-Sentence Motion,

filed 05/13/15, at ¶¶ 5, 6. The trial court denied the motion after holding a

hearing on the motion. The trial court reinstated Smith’s appellate rights nunc

pro tunc on October 16, 2017. This timely appeal followed.

       Smith asks us to review one issue: “Is the sentence imposed unduly

harsh and excessive?” Smith’s Br. at 5.

____________________________________________

3The simple assault and REAP convictions merged with the aggravated
assault conviction for sentencing purposes.

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      Smith challenges discretionary aspects of his sentence for which there

is no automatic right to appellate review. See Commonwealth v. Disalvo,

70 A.3d 900, 902 (Pa.Super. 2013). Before we may address the merits of such

a claim, we must first determine whether: (1) the appeal is timely; (2) the

claim is preserved; (3) the brief contains a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement; and

(4) the claim raises a substantial question. See Commonwealth v. Ali, 197

A.3d 742, 760 (Pa.Super. 2018). To preserve a challenge to the discretionary

aspects of sentence, an appellant must raise the challenge in a post-sentence

motion or at the sentencing hearing. See Commonwealth v. Cartrette, 83

A.3d 1030, 1042 (Pa.Super. 2013) (en banc).

      Here, Smith’s appeal is timely but he did not preserve his challenge to

the discretionary aspects of his sentence. He did not argue that the sentence

imposed was unduly harsh or excessive either at the sentencing hearing or in

his post-sentence motion. He therefore has waived the issue for appellate

review of that claim. See Post-Sentence Motion, filed May 13, 2015. Smith’s

Rule 1925(b) statement does argue that the trial court imposed an excessive

sentence without considering his mitigating factors. However, asserting a

claim in a Rule 1925(b) statement does not cure the failure to properly raise

the issue previously. See Commonwealth v. Coleman, 19 A.3d 1111, 1118

(Pa.Super. 2011) (concluding raising issue in Rule 1925(b) statement that was

not raised before trial court results in waiver). The issue is waived. See

Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot

be raised for the first time on appeal.”).

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      Even if Smith had preserved this claim for appellate review, we would

conclude that it is meritless. Smith’s core complaint is that the trial court did

not give his mitigating evidence the weight he desired, which warrants no

relief. See Commonwealth v. Proctor, 156 A.3d 261, 274 (Pa.Super. 2017)

(concluding no relief is due where appellant maintained that the trial court did

not give proper weight to mitigating factors in fashioning sentence). Here,

the trial court considered the following materials and testimony before

imposing sentence:

             [A] pre-sentence report and a mental health evaluation in
      determining [Smith’s] sentence. The court also read several
      letters from [Smith’s] family members and considered testimony
      at sentencing from [Smith’s] two girlfriends, his aunt, and his
      friend. . . [T]he court also considered the testimony at sentencing
      by the victim and the victim’s wife, and pointed out to [Smith]
      that “they have just been devastated by this” and “this officer will
      live forever with the consequences of your actions.” The court also
      considered the arguments put forth by the District Attorney, who
      argued that the court must consider “the actions of [Smith], the
      subsequent flight after the incident, the serious bodily injury that
      was obviously suffered by Officer DiRico, and the effect it’s had on
      his family” as well as the guidelines, PSI, criminal record, no
      significant mitigation, and the fact that [Smith] was on probation
      at the time the incident occurred.

TCO at 5-6 (citations to notes of testimony omitted).

      Thus, the trial court considered Smith’s mitigating evidence and “the

protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it relates to the impact

on the life of [Officer DiRico] and on the community, and the rehabilitative

needs of [Smith]” and imposed a sentence consistent with the norms

underlying the Sentencing Code. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b).

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     Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/4/19

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