Court Opinion

ID: 4413836
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-07-03 16:50:29.146388+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:51:09.026200
License: Public Domain

In The
                              Court of Appeals
                     Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo

                                   No. 07-18-00219-CR
                                   No. 07-18-00246-CR
                                   No. 07-18-00247-CR
                                   No. 07-18-00248-CR

                             ROBERT ORTIZ, APPELLANT

                                            V.

                          THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE

                          On Appeal from the 106th District Court
                                   Garza County, Texas
      Trial Court No. 16-2860, Counts 1-4, Honorable Carter T. Schildknecht, Presiding

                                       July 2, 2019

                            MEMORANDUM OPINION
                  Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and PARKER, JJ.

      A jury convicted appellant Robert Ortiz of two counts of aggravated sexual assault

of a child1 and two counts of indecency with a child.2 For each conviction it assessed

      1   TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.021 (West 2019).
      2   TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.11 (West 2019).
punishment at confinement in prison for life.3        The trial court sentenced appellant

accordingly and ordered the four sentences to run concurrently. Through one issue,

appellant argues the evidence was insufficient to support each of his convictions. We will

affirm the four judgments of the trial court.

                                        Background

       On July 21, 2016, the victim’s mother was unexpectedly called to work. 4 She was

unable to make daycare arrangements for five-year-old D.O. and D.O.’s half-brother, J.O.

The mother asked her brother, appellant, to look after the two children.

       The mother dropped the children at appellant’s apartment about 10:00 a.m. and

returned for them about 6:00 p.m. There was evidence appellant’s girlfriend was present

when the children were dropped off but departed during the afternoon leaving appellant

alone with D.O. and J.O.

       J.O., a fourth grader at the time of trial, testified that appellant told him to take a

nap and he complied. He added that after he awoke D.O. told him that appellant had

asked her if she wanted to take a shower and while taking a shower appellant “was

making [D.O.] touch his penis.”

       3 The punishment range was enhanced by appellant’s two prior felony driving-
while-intoxicated convictions. Because the victim was younger than six years of age at
the time the two aggravated sexual assault offenses were committed, the minimum term
of imprisonment was increased to 25 years. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.021(f)(1).
       4 To protect the child-victim’s privacy, we will refer to her as “D.O.,” her brother as
“J.O.,” and her mother as “the mother.”

                                                2
       The mother testified that when she returned to appellant’s apartment for the

children she found them seated on a couch. She thought both appeared sad and D.O.’s

face seemed swollen, as if she had been crying. The mother testified she had a “gut

feeling something was wrong.” In the car on the way home, the mother testified, “[J.O.]

started telling me that [appellant] had made [D.O.] take a shower with him.”

       The mother testified that after they reached home D.O. told her appellant asked

her to take a shower with him, said to her he wanted to have sex with her, took her into

the bedroom, and made her “sit on him and she said that she was begging him to kill her

because it was hurting her.” The mother added that D.O. told her that appellant had “peed

in her mouth,” and gave her a bath but did not wash her hair because he did not want the

mother to know she had taken a bath. On cross-examination, the mother added D.O. told

her appellant “put his middle thing in her middle thing,” and “peed in her mouth.”

       The mother and D.O. went to the sheriff’s office where they briefly spoke with a

deputy.   The deputy testified the mother told D.O. to tell him what happened.               He

explained D.O. spoke for about a minute and stated that her uncle asked her to take a

shower with him and during that time he told her to touch his “little part.” He then began

touching her “little part before sticking his little part in her little part.” The deputy further

testified that according to D.O. appellant kissed her “and began having sex with her.” The

deputy directed the mother to immediately take D.O. to University Medical Center in

Lubbock for a SANE examination.

       The SANE examination was conducted the night of July 21. The nurse testified at

trial that D.O. told her during the procedure, “He kissed me on my lips and had sex with

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me.”   When asked by the nurse what D.O. meant by “he had sex with me,” D.O.

responded, “He made me touch his middle part and he put his middle part in my middle

part.” D.O. told the nurse that “he” was “Robert.”

       In further testimony, the nurse discussed her perineal examination of D.O.

According to the nurse, D.O. was in pain or discomfort. When the nurse attempted to

collect a second swab from D.O.’s vaginal area the child said, “no more.” The initial swab

the nurse collected was submitted for laboratory analysis but it revealed only D.O.’s DNA.

In her examination, the nurse noted two small vaginal abrasions and a “little tear” on the

child’s hymen, and agreed such injuries were consistent with a sexual assault.

       Four days later, D.O. participated in a forensic interview at the Children’s Advocacy

Center of Lubbock. The interviewer testified at trial, and, over objection, a video-audio

recording of the interview was played for the jury. During the recorded interview D.O.

was asked questions concerning the events of July 21. D.O. told the interviewer appellant

asked her, “Want to have sex baby?”         D.O. explained that “sex” is “being nasty.”

According to D.O. appellant made her “kiss his wee wee with her lips.” And appellant

made her “pull his skin down on his wee wee with her hand.” She said it felt like “a wiggly

snake.” D.O. stated appellant “put his middle part in her middle part” and “peed in her

mouth.” She explained “the pee was yellow” and “the pee came from his wee wee.” Later

in the interview she stated appellant’s “wee wee touched the inside of her wee wee” while

they were inside the shower and then while she lay on the floor. On cross examination,

when asked if D.O. “mention[ed] that it did hurt,” the interviewer responded, “Yes.” She

further acknowledged on cross-examination that D.O. told her during the interview that

D.O. and appellant were unclothed.

                                             4
       According to the mother‘s testimony, about one week after the occurrence D.O.

began counseling. The counselor testified that she saw D.O. for twenty-one weekly

sessions and planned to reinitiate therapy because D.O. was again “symptomatic.”

According to the counselor, D.O. told her that appellant forced her to be in the shower

with him and “he put his middle in her middle.”

       At trial, D.O. testified via a live closed-circuit television connection outside of

appellant’s physical presence. Her testimony is difficult to follow. The record reflects,

she shook her head when asked if she remembered anything appellant did to her the last

time she saw him. When asked if she had ever seen appellant without clothes on the

record again states D.O. shook her head. The prosecutor followed up by asking, “Are

you sure?” to which D.O. responded, “Uh-huh.” She denied showering with appellant and

testified she and appellant were not unclothed.

       Drawings made by D.O. were admitted. She explained she and appellant were

the people depicted in two of the drawings. Appellant’s character was happy, she stated,

because “he did stuff to me” while D.O.’s character was sad because of what appellant

did to her. When asked to explain what appellant did to her D.O. responded, “I just did

on the paper.”

       D.O.’s drawings containing characters, State’s exhibits 2 and 3, depict a part

protruding horizontally from the midsection of the character she identified as appellant.

In exhibit 3, the drawing depicts also a yellow-colored area extending downward from the

end of the protruding part. In its argument to the jury, the State referred to the drawings

as showing “blue penises” and “yellow stuff coming out of it.”

                                             5
      Appellant testified in his own defense. He denied each of the allegations against

him. His testimony, particularly on cross-examination, was not clear. His defense seems

to have been his girlfriend was present at his apartment on July 21 until about an hour

before the mother picked up D.O. and J.O. And, he said, his girlfriend told him someone

else sexually assaulted D.O.

                                        Analysis

      Through one issue appellant argues the evidence was insufficient to prove his guilt

of aggravated sexual assault and indecency with a child as charged by the indictment.

      Sufficiency of the evidence is measured by the elements of the offense as defined

by the hypothetically correct jury charge for the case. Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234,

240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). In our review of sufficiency of the evidence to support a

conviction, we view all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to

determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of

the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct.
2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979); Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 895 (Tex. Crim. App.

2010). This standard gives full play to the responsibility of the trier of fact to resolve

conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from

basic facts to ultimate facts. Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319. “[T]he Jackson v. Virginia legal-

sufficiency standard is the only standard that a reviewing court should apply in

determining whether the evidence is sufficient to support each element of a criminal

offense that the State is required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt.” Brooks, 323
S.W.3d at 895.

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      The trier of fact is the sole judge of the credibility of evidence and the weight to be

given it. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.04 (West 1979); Brown v. State, 270
S.W.3d 564, 568 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008).          Thus, when performing an evidentiary

sufficiency review, we may not re-evaluate the weight and credibility of the evidence and

substitute our judgment for that of the factfinder. Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750

(Tex. Crim. App. 2007). We must presume that the factfinder resolved any conflicting

inferences in favor of the verdict and defer to that resolution. Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326;

Farris v. State, 819 S.W.2d 490, 495 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990), overruled on other grounds

by Riley v. State, 889 S.W.2d 290 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). Nonetheless, it is our duty to

make a “rigorous and proper application” of the evidentiary sufficiency standard, one that

considers all the evidence the jury heard. Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 907.

      The testimony of a child sexual abuse victim alone is sufficient to support a

conviction for indecency with a child or aggravated sexual assault. See TEX. CODE CRIM.

PROC. ANN. art. 38.07(a), (b)(1) (West Supp. 2018); Lee v. State, 186 S.W.3d 649, 655

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, pet. ref’d); Soto v. State, 267 S.W.3d 327, 332 (Tex. App.—

Corpus Christi 2008, no pet.). The courts will give wide latitude to testimony given by

child victims of sexual abuse. Villalon v. State, 791 S.W.2d 130, 134 (Tex. Crim. App.

1990) (en banc). The victim’s description of what happened need not be precise and the

child is not expected to communicate with the same level of sophistication as an adult.

Soto, 267 S.W.3d at 332. Furthermore, corroboration of the victim’s testimony by medical

or physical evidence is not required. Id. And, “outcry testimony alone can be sufficient

to sustain a conviction for aggravated sexual assault.” Rodriguez v. State, 819 S.W.2d
871, 873-74 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991).

                                             7
Aggravated Sexual Assault (Counts I and II)

       A person commits the offense of aggravated sexual assault if he intentionally or

knowingly causes the penetration of the sexual organ of a child by any means or causes

the sexual organ of a child to contact the sexual organ of the actor (count I); causes the

mouth of a child to contact the sexual organ of the actor (count II); and the child is younger

than fourteen years of age.        TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 22.021(a)(1)(B)(i),(iii),(v),

22.021(a)(2)(B), (f)(1).

Indecency with a Child by Contact (Count III)

       A person commits the offense of indecency with a child if he causes a child to

engage in sexual contact. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.11(a)(1); Tunas v. State, No. 07-

15-00262-CR, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 6708, at *4 (Tex. App.—Amarillo July 19, 2017, pet.

ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication). Penal Code section 21.11 defines

“sexual contact” as “any touching by a person, including touching through clothing, of the

anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of a child; or (2) any touching of any part of the

body of a child, including touching through clothing, with the anus, breast, or any part of

the genitals of a person” “if committed with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire

of any person[.]” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.11(c)(1),(2). The intent to arouse or gratify

the defendant's sexual desire may be inferred from a defendant’s conduct and all

surrounding circumstances. Jones v. State, 229 S.W.3d 489, 497 (Tex. App.—Texarkana

2007, no pet.).

                                              8
Indecency with a Child by Exposure (Count IV)

       A person commits the offense of indecency with a child if, with a child younger than

17 years of age, with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person, the

actor exposes any part of his genitals, knowing the child is present. TEX. PENAL CODE

ANN. § 21.11(a)(2)(A).

       Appellant constructs his no-evidence challenge on perceived inconsistencies and

omissions in D.O.’s testimony, the force of his on-the-stand denials of any unlawful

conduct, and the absence of any DNA evidence linking him to an offense.

       Appellant’s argument is reminiscent of the factual sufficiency review standard

formerly applied by Texas courts. Under that former standard, “[e]vidence that is legally

sufficient . . . can be deemed factually insufficient in two ways: (1) the evidence

supporting the conviction is ‘too weak’ to support the factfinder’s verdict, or (2) considering

conflicting evidence, the factfinder’s verdict is against the great weight and

preponderance of the evidence.” Laster v. State, 275 S.W.3d 512, 518 (Tex. Crim. App.

2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). But in Brooks the Texas Court of Criminal

Appeals established the Jackson constitutional standard of review as the exclusive

standard for evidentiary sufficiency challenges to criminal convictions.         Brooks, 323
S.W.3d at 902. Under the Jackson standard we defer to the jury’s weight and credibility

determinations and for that reason view the evidence in the light most favorable to the

verdict rather than in a neutral light. Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 899-900 (“the difference

between a factual-sufficiency standard and a legal-sufficiency standard is that the

reviewing court is required to defer to the jury’s credibility and weight determinations (i.e.,

                                              9
it must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict) under a legal-

sufficiency standard while it is not required to defer to a jury’s credibility and weight

determinations (i.e., it must view the evidence in a ‘neutral light’) under a factual-

sufficiency standard”). Any inconsistencies in the evidence are resolved in favor of the

verdict. Martines v. State, 371 S.W.3d 232, 239-40 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011,

no pet.) (citing Curry v. State, 30 S.W.3d 394, 406 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000)). The jury was

not obligated to believe appellant’s denials but was free to assign weight and credibility

to other pieces of evidence including the testimony relating D.O.’s outcry, the testimony

of those recalling D.O.’s immediate description of the July 21 events, D.O.’s responses

to the questions of a forensic interviewer, made within days of the assault, and D.O.’s

drawings admitted at trial.5

       Having reviewed all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we

conclude that a rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of each of

the four offenses beyond a reasonable doubt.         Appellant’s sufficiency challenge is

overruled.

Claim of Double Jeopardy Violation

       In the final paragraph of appellant’s brief, without citation to the record or case

authorities, he appears to contend he received multiple punishments for the same offense

because, under the facts of this case, indecency with a child by exposure is a lesser

       5 The State’s brief argues the protruding part depicted in D.O.’s drawing “is pretty
clearly an erect penis drawn on Appellant.” The State elsewhere characterizes its exhibit
3 as depicting appellant “with an erect penis and yellow stuff coming out the end, while
standing beside a drawing of [D.O.] who was sad, all ‘because of what he did to me.’” We
agree jurors could have so interpreted the drawing and her testimony.

                                            10
included offense of aggravated sexual assault and indecency by contact. Appellant did

not raise this claim in the trial court. Like the State in its response brief, we interpret the

complaint as an alleged violation of the Double Jeopardy Clause of the United States

Constitution.

       The Double Jeopardy Clause, among other things, generally prohibits multiple

punishments for the same offense. U.S. CONST. AMEND. V.; Brown v. Ohio, 432 U.S. 161,

165, 97 S. Ct. 2221, 53 L. Ed. 2d 187 (1977); Ex parte Cavazos, 203 S.W.3d 333, 336

(Tex. Crim. App. 2006). A multiple-punishments double jeopardy violation may be shown

if conduct is punished and the same conduct, plus more, is punished a second time.

Collins v. State, No. 02-16-00146-CR, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 285, at *9 (Tex. App.—Fort

Worth Jan. 12, 2017) (citing Langs v. State, 183 S.W.3d 680, 685 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006)).

But no multiple punishments double jeopardy violation is shown where the charged

offenses, even though they occurred during a single transaction, constituted two separate

and distinct acts. See Speights v. State, 464 S.W.3d 719, 724 (Tex. Crim. App. 2015)

(concluding “the Legislature intended that both theories of indecency with a child [by

exposure and contact] may be pled and punished, even when the exposure precedes the

contact and even when both acts occur within the same transaction”).

       The State argues appellant’s complaint was not preserved in the trial court.

Generally, preservation of a double jeopardy claim requires the defendant to object at or

before the time the charge is submitted to the jury. Cabral v. State, 170 S.W.3d 761, 764

(Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2005, pet. ref’d) (citing Gonzalez v. State, 8 S.W.3d 640, 642

(Tex. Crim. App. 2000)). An appellant is excused from the preservation requirement,

however, when the undisputed facts show the double jeopardy violation is clearly

                                              11
apparent on the face of the record and enforcement of usual rules of procedural default

serves no legitimate state interest. Cabral, 170 S.W.3d at 643.

       In this case, we find appellant waived his double jeopardy complaint by failing to

first present it to the trial court. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a). The undisputed facts appearing

on the face of the record do not clearly show a double jeopardy violation. Moreover, there

was evidence appellant committed four separate and distinct acts beginning with

indecency by exposure in the shower. See Hart v. State, 481 S.W.3d 679, 684 (Tex.

App.—Amarillo 2015, no pet.) (“Notwithstanding that [defendant] was charged with

offenses occurring during a single incident, he committed two separate and distinct acts”);

Raybon v. State, No. 07-00-00475-CR, 2001 Tex. App. LEXIS 5753, at *5 (Tex. App.—

Amarillo Aug. 22, 2001, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (finding

because acts giving rise to indecency and sexual assault could have happened at

different times a double jeopardy violation was not shown). We overrule appellant’s

double jeopardy complaint.

                                        Conclusion

       Having overruled appellant’s sole appellate issue, we affirm the four judgments of

the trial court.

                                                        James T. Campbell
                                                           Justice

Do not publish.

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