Court Opinion

ID: 8020658
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-09 02:25:07.675206+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:36:38.542338
License: Public Domain

MD. COMMISSIONED BLAKE
prepared the opinion for the court.
This action was commenced to récover damages for personal injuries sustained through the alleged negligence of defendant *621—a municipal corporation under 'the laws of the state — to keep-in good repair a certain street and sidewalk. The defendant appeals from a judgment entered upon a verdict for plaintiff. The transcript does not contain any testimony, bill of exceptions, or statement on motion for a new trial. It must be presumed that the evidence supports the judgment, and that the instructions are based upon the testimony. (Beatty v. Murray Placer M. Co., 15 Mont. 314, 39 Pac. 82.)
The appellant contends that the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, and the demurrer specifying this ground was overruled by the court below. The pleader followed substantially the forms prescribed in actions of this class, and we think counsel for appellant has placed a forced construction upon the paragraphs he attacks. If the argument upon the allegations respecting the cause and locality of the accident resulting in the injuries to plaintiff were sound, it might be decided that the complaint is ambiguous and uncertain. No objection was taken upon this ground, and defendant “must be deemed to have waived the same.” (Code of Civil Procedure, Sec. 685.)
It is claimed that there should have been an averment in the complaint that plaintiff was “free from any contributory negligence,” but this question has been settled by this court after a thorough review of the authorities. It is alleged, however, that plaintiff was injured “without any fault or negligence on her part,” and it is held, under similar pleadings, that contributory negligence is a matter of defense. (Prosser v. Montana Central R. Co., 17 Mont. 372, 43 Pac. 81, 30 L. R. A. 814; Snook v. Anaconda, 26 Mont. 128, 66 Pac. 756; Ball v. Gussenhoven, 29 Mont. 328, 74 Pac. 871.) The appellant seems'to have-entertained this view, and says in the answer that “plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence in going upon said public-thoroughfare and leaving said sidewalk, and, if plaintiff received any injury on said thoroughfare, it was wholly clue to her own fault and negligence.” We are unable to see any error-in overruling the demurrer.
*622The appellant maintains that the instructions are erroneous, but, in the absence of the evidence, Ave must apply the rule announced in State v. Mason, 24 Mont. 340, 61 Pac. 861, Avherein the court approAres the doctrine of the Supreme Court of the State of California in holding that a judgment attacked upon this ground Avill not be disturbed unless it appears that the instructions “would have been erroneous under every conceivable state of facts.” With this observation, the objections of appellant to most of the instructions may be dismissed.
There is one matter for our consideration — a mistake in the name of a street in said city of Walkerville, appearing in instructions numbered 3 and 10, given at the request of respond■ent.
Instruction No. 3: “If you find from the eAÚdence in this case that the sideAvalk mentioned and described in plaintiff’s complaint herein, upon the Avest side of Daly street, Avithin the limits of the city of Walkerville, Ayas constructed,” etc.
Instruction No. 10: “The defendant, by its ansAver in this case, admits and pleads that there Avas no sideAvalk along the Avest side of Daly street at the time mentioned in plaintiff’s complaint herein, and that the same Avas a public highAvay,” etc.
The third paragraph of the complaint alleges: “That among ■other streets in the said city upon Avhich it became the duty of the said defendant to maintain a safe and suitable sideAvalk is Main street running southerly from Daly street, in the said city, and that the defendant, disregarding its duties in that behalf, did negligently and knoAvingly alloAV a portion of the said sidewalk on the Avesterly side of the said street to be out of repair and unsafe and dangerous,” etc. This is the sole reference in the complaint to the names of these streets, and the AA'-ord “Daly,” in the aboA^e instructions, Avas used instead of ■“Main.”
The ansAver denies “that it became the duty of said defendant to maintain a safe and suitable sideAvalk on Main street, running south from Daly street, in the said city. * * * *623Denies that defendant negligently or knowingly allowed a portion of said sidewalk on the westerly side of said street to be out of repair or unsafe or dangerous.”
The first instruction is a' statement of the facts pleaded in the complaint, and describes “Main street, running south from Daly street.” The second instruction says that “Main street, described in plaintiff’s complaint herein, is a public street and thoroughfare within the limits of the defendant city of Walker-ville.” The eleventh instruction refers to the “thoroughfare mentioned in the complaint herein, and called 'Main street.’ ” The fifth instruction requested by defendant tells the jury that if plaintiff “fell down [on] the side of the said highway near the Chinese washhouse, and on the south side of Blither’s house, and if you further find that the said plaintiff did not fall off the sidewalk, as alleged in her complaint, then you shall find for the defendant.” The ninth instruction requested by defendant is as follows: “The court instructs you that if you find from the evidence that the said plaintiff fell from the highway in front of the Chinese washhouse, and not from the sidewalk, as alleged in the plaintiff’s complaint, then you shall find for the defendant.” The instructions, through this inadvertence, are somewhat contradictory and inconsistent, and their effect upon the issues before the jury must be decided.
In Shortel v. St. Joseph, 104 Mo. 114, 16 S. W. 391, 24 Am. St. Rep. 317—a suit to recover damages for personal injuries — the court said: “The defendant’s first instruction uses in one place the word 'plaintiff’ when it should be 'defendant,’ and in another place the word 'defendant’ when it should be "plaintiff’; still these are mere clerical errors readily discovered upon reading the instructions, and constitute no ground whatever for a reversal.”
In Harris v. Daugherty, 14 Tex. 1, 11 S. W. 921, 15 Am. St. Rep. 812, the court said: “We see nothing in the matter complained of in the twelfth assignment of error which could have operated to the prejudice of appellant. In his charge to the jury, in stating the issues, the judge, by evident inadvert*624ence, used this language: ‘The defendant also denies that Slaughter was a creditor of said Daugherty at the time Slaughter transferred the property to him.’ The court meant to use the word ‘debtor’ instead of ‘creditor.’ It is evident no harm could have resulted from the mistake.”
In Schatzlein Paint Co. v. Passmore, 26 Mont. 500, 68 Pac. 1113, this court said: “The instructions of which complaint is made are doubtless open to objection on the score of inaccuracy, but it is clear that error prejudicial to the defendant did not result therefrom.”
It is a general rule that all the instructions must be construed as a whole in their relations to the pleadings and testimony. AATe have concluded that the instructions are reconcilable, and therefore, we must presume, were rightly understood by the jury, and that the obvious mistake regarding the names of Daly and Main streets in said instructions numbered 3 and 10 did not prejudice the rights of appellant.
The verification of the complaint is signed by “Sarah Á. Pryor (her X mark),” and appellant claims that the signature of plaintiff should have been witnessed by a person writing his own name. (Code of Civil Procedure, Sec. 3463.) This objection was not made in the court below, and cannot be heard in this court for the first time. (Power v. Gum, 6 Mont. 5, 9 Pac. 575; San Francisco v. Itsell, 80 Cal. 57, 22 Pac. 74.)
AVe recommend that the judgment be affirmed.
Per Curiam. — Por the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment is affirmed.

Affirmed.