Court Opinion

ID: 3104541
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 05:39:46.063987+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:41:42.116059
License: Public Domain

NO. 07-11-0041-CR
                                       
                            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                       
                       FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                                       
                                  AT AMARILLO
                                       
                                   PANEL B 
                                       
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OCTOBER 3, 2011
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                                DANIEL RAMOS,  
                                       
                                  	Appellant
                                      v.
                                       
                             THE STATE OF TEXAS,  
                                       
                                   	Appellee
                         _____________________________
                                       
                FROM THE 207TH DISTRICT COURT OF COMAL COUNTY;
                                       
             NO. CR2010-180; HONORABLE JACK H. ROBISON, PRESIDING

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Opinion
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Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and HANCOCK,  JJ.
	Daniel Ramos was convicted of criminally negligent homicide in the death of Maria Gallegos as well as three counts of tampering with evidence.  He challenges those convictions by contending 1) the evidence is legally insufficient to support the conviction of tampering with the victim's body, and 2) California convictions that would not be final in Texas  cannot be used to enhance his punishment.    
	Issue 1  -  Alteration of Body
	The first complaint encompasses only his conviction under the third count of tampering with evidence.  Through it, the State alleged that appellant ". . . did alter, destroy or conceal a thing, namely a human corpse to - wit: the body of Maria Margarita Gallegos, with intent to impair its verity, or availability as evidence . . . . "  His conviction for that offense allegedly was invalid because the State failed to prove he "altered" the corpse.  We overrule the issue.
	The record contains evidence illustrating that appellant dragged the body of Maria Gallegos around his apartment before law enforcement authorities arrived.  Thus, her body was no longer in the identical position (geographically and physically) in which it would have been had he not moved it.  Furthermore, there appeared marks on the corpse apparently caused by the decedent's skin coming in contact with the floor as appellant dragged it.  So too did appellant's action cause the victim's torso to become exposed.  
	Years ago, we had occasion to assess the ordinary meaning of the word "alter."  Though the dispute in King's Court Racquetball v. Dawkins, 62 S.W.3d 229 (Tex. App. - Amarillo 2001, no pet.) involved a lease, what that particular word meant lay at the heart of the controversy.  And, there we interpreted it as denoting "to change or make different."  Id. at 233.  We see no reason why the plain meaning of that word should differ here.  Nor do we see any reason why the act of physically manipulating potential evidence of a crime should not be encompassed within that definition.  See Rotenberry v. State, 245 S.W.3d 583, 589 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 2007, pet. ref'd) (stating that alteration involves acts that physically manipulate the evidence).  Given this and the evidence that appellant's manipulation of Maria's body caused its appearance and position to be different from the appearance and position it would have been in had he not dragged it, we find some evidence upon which a rational jury could find, beyond reasonable doubt, that he altered the corpse.
Issue 2  -  Enhancements
Appellant next argues that his two prior California convictions could not have been used to enhance punishment at bar.  This is allegedly so because they were not deemed final under Texas law, though they were final under the law of California.  We overrule the issue.
No one disputes that convictions resulting in probation are considered final in California.  People v. Laino, 87 P.3d 27, 38 (Cal. 2004).  And, while the same cannot be said about a like conviction in Texas, Jordan v. State, 36 S.W.3d 871, 875 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001), we use the law of the jurisdiction from which the conviction arose to determine its finality for purposes of enhancement in Texas.  See Dunn v. State, No. 14-05-00276-CR, 2006 Tex. App. Lexis 7425, at *5-6 (Tex. App. - Houston [14[th] Dist.] August 17, 2006, pet. ref'd) (not designated for publication) (permitting a probated Delaware conviction to be used to enhance punishment in Texas since it was considered final in Delaware); Skillern v. State, 890 S.W.2d 849, 883 (Tex. App. - Austin 1994, pet. ref'd) (same but involving a federal probated conviction); Dominique v. State, 787 S.W.2d 107, 108-09 (Tex. App. - Houston [14[th] Dist.] 1990, pet. ref'd, untimely filed) (same but involving a Louisiana probated conviction).  Thus, appellant's two convictions in California were available to enhance his punishment here.
Accordingly, the judgments are affirmed.

						Brian Quinn 
						Chief Justice  

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