Court Opinion

ID: 9949039
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-08 17:11:07.490037+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:26:33.750305
License: Public Domain

J-S44002-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  IN THE INTEREST OF: S.P., A MINOR :          IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                    :               PENNSYLVANIA
                                    :
  APPEAL OF: F.P., FATHER           :
                                    :
                                    :
                                    :
                                    :
                                    :          No. 1038 EDA 2023

               Appeal from the Order Entered March 24, 2023
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Juvenile Division at
                     No(s): CP-51-DP-0001330-2021

BEFORE:      OLSON, J., NICHOLS, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                               FILED MARCH 8, 2024

       F.P. (“Father”) appeals from the permanency review order regarding his

dependent daughter, S.P. (“Child”), born in January 2006, entered pursuant

to the Juvenile Act, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6301–6375. In the order, the trial court

found Father to be a perpetrator of child abuse against Child pursuant to

subsection 6303(b.1)(3), (4), and (6) of the Child Protective Services Law, 23

Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6301–6387 (“CPSL”).1 We affirm.

       The record reveals the following facts and procedural history.         On

December 30, 2021, the Philadelphia Department of Human Services (“DHS”)

filed a dependency petition alleging that Child is a dependent child and the

____________________________________________

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 Y.P. (“Mother”) did not file a notice of appeal and she is not a party to this

appeal.
J-S44002-23

victim of child abuse perpetrated by her adult half-brother, B.P., Father, and

Mother. Specifically, DHS alleged that Child had been sexually abused by B.P

on several occasions, and that Child disclosed the sexual abuse to her parents

but “they tried to hide the abuse and would not allow [her] to come forward

with the allegations.” Dependency Petition, 12/30/21, at ¶ 5(b). DHS further

averred that it received a Child Protective Services (“CPS”) report with these

allegations on November 2, 2021, along with the allegation that Child has a

history of suicidal ideations and was being taken to Children’s Crisis Response

Center (“CRC”) for admission. See id.

      The trial court held a bifurcated hearing which commenced on November

28, 2022. The parties stipulated to Child being adjudicated dependent and

the court issued the order of adjudication and disposition that same day. See

N.T., 11/28/22, at 5-6. Further, DHS introduced at the hearing, and the court

admitted and viewed in open court, the video of Child’s forensic interview

conducted by the Philadelphia Children’s Alliance (“PCA”) on December 8,

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2021.2, 3 See id. at 6-10. The trial court made the following factual findings

based on Child’s PCA interview:

       Child reported that her brother, B.P., began sexually assaulting
       her when she was 5 years old and that the sexual assaults
       occurred on multiple occasions. She stated that B.P. would have
       her close her eyes and put something “big” in her mouth for
       several minutes. She stated that B.P. told her that he put “the
       parts between your legs” in her mouth. Child also reported that
       when she was 11 years old, B.P. touched her “butt,” “crotch,” and
       “vagina” on multiple occasions.      She also reported that he
       performed oral sex on her. Child told investigator that she
       reported the sexual assaults to Mother and that Mother instructed
       her not to tell Father because what happened was “too nasty.”
       She informed the investigator that Father later talked to her about
       what B.P. had done and Father isolated her and “swore (her) to
       secrecy.”

____________________________________________

2 According to Cheryl Barr, the DHS investigator, a PCA interview “is where

the child sits down with someone who is clinically trained to ask [him or her]
specific questions in regard to the abuse. They go very much into detail as to
where they were, how they were sitting, if they were dressed. . . . [T]hey just
go a lot into detail in regard to the exact abuse.” N.T., 3/24/23, at 19. Ms.
Barr stated that PCA interviews are a standard part of an investigation into
certain allegations in a CPS report. See id.

3 On March 15, 2022, DHS filed a motion to admit into evidence at the hearing

Child’s      PCA       interview      pursuant        to       42         Pa.C.S.A.
§ 5985.1 (Admissibility of certain statements). The trial court held a hearing
on June 30, 2022, during which counsel for neither Father nor Mother objected
to DHS’s request. See N.T., 6/30/22, at 11. Following the court’s in camera
interview of Child pursuant to Section 5985.1(a)(1)(i), it determined that
Child’s PCA interview is relevant and has sufficient indicia of reliability. Id. at
11-12.    Pursuant to Section 5985.1(a)(1)(ii), the court found Child is
unavailable as a witness for the dependency hearing. Id. at 12. Thus, the
court granted DHS’s request to admit Child’s PCA forensic interview during the
dependency hearing.

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Trial Court Opinion, 7/18/23, at 2 (cleaned up).4

       The hearing continued on March 24, 2023, with respect to whether Child

is a victim of “child abuse.”5 DHS presented the testimony of its investigator,

Ms. Barr. Father and Mother testified on their own behalf.

       The record confirms the trial court’s recitation of Ms. Barr’s testimony

as follows.

       Ms. Barr testified that she met with Child [at the CRC] on
       November 3, 2021. Child told Ms. Barr that she had been abused
       and that her parents did not believe her or do anything about the
       abuse. She also stated that she wanted to kill herself. Child was
       fifteen years old at that time. Child informed Ms. Barr that her
       brother, B.P., was the perpetrator of sexual abuse against her and
       that he resided in the family home at that time. (N.T., 3/24/23,
       at 9-12).

       Ms. Barr testified that she met with B.P., Mother, and Father. B.P.
       denied the allegations. Mother did not believe that B.P. sexually
       abused and assaulted Child as alleged and denied that Child had
       brought these allegations to her attention. Ms. Barr testified that
       Father also did not believe the allegations were true. Both told
       Ms. Barr that they believed Child made up the sexual assault
       allegations and that she reported to the CRC in a suicidal state
       because Mother and Father limited her social media access. (Id.
       at 34-36).

____________________________________________

4 The court found Child’s forensic interview was conducted by Samantha
Kujolik, LSW, from the PCA and “witnessed by a Philadelphia police detective
from the Special Victims Unit, and Cheryl Barr, who is employed as an
investigator at DHS. Ms. Barr and the detective were not present in the room
with Child and Ms. Kujolik, but rather watched the interview in a separate
room on closed circuit television.” Trial Court Opinion, 7/18/23, at 2 (cleaned
up).

5 The court also heard evidence regarding Child’s permanency plan pursuant

to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f). See N.T., 3/24/23, at 59-67.

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       Ms. Barr concluded her investigation in December of 2021 and the
       investigation was indicated. She found that there was evidence
       that supported the allegations and that Child’s statements
       throughout the investigation were consistent with the allegations.
       Specifically, B.P. was indicated for indecent assault and Mother
       and Father were indicated for perpetrator by omission. (Id. at
       14-18).

Trial Court Opinion, 7/18/23, at 3 (cleaned up).

       By permanency review order dated and entered on March 24, 2023, the

court found Father and Mother to be perpetrators of child abuse through their

failures to act pursuant to subsection 6303(b.1)(3), (4), and (6) of the CPSL.

The court found B.P. to be a perpetrator of child abuse against Child pursuant

to subsection 6303(b.1)(4).6

       Father timely filed a notice of appeal and a concise statement of errors

complained of appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b). The trial

court issued an opinion pursuant to Rule 1925(a) on July 18, 2023.

       On appeal, Father questions whether the trial court erred as a matter of

law and abused its discretion when it found that he was a perpetrator of child

abuse against Child for failing to act. See Father’s Brief at 3.

       Our standard of review in child dependency cases is as follows:

       Our scope of review in child dependency cases is limited in a
       fundamental manner by our inability to nullify the fact-finding of
       the trial court. We accord great weight to the hearing judge’s
       findings of fact because the judge is in the best position to observe
       and rule upon the credibility of the witnesses. Given this unique
____________________________________________

6 The record reveals that B.P. was charged criminally for his alleged sexual

abuse of Child. See N.T., 3/24/23, at 37. At the time of the dependency
hearing, B.P.’s criminal trial was pending. Id. at 37-38.

                                           -5-
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      posture, we will not overrule the findings of the trial court if they
      are supported by competent evidence and our well-settled
      standard of review “requires an appellate court to accept the
      findings of fact and credibility determinations of the trial court if
      they are supported by the record, but does not require the
      appellate court to accept the trial court’s inferences or conclusions
      of law.”

In the Interest of R.C.-G., 292 A.3d 582, 587 (Pa. Super. 2022) (citation

omitted).

      Dependency proceedings are governed by the Juvenile Act, but the CPSL

pertains to a court’s finding of child abuse. See In the Interest of X.P., 248

A.3d 1274, 1276 (Pa. Super. 2021). The standard of proof for a finding of

child abuse is clear and convincing evidence.        See In the Interest of

N.B.-A., 224 A.3d at 668. “Clear and convincing evidence is evidence that is

so clear, direct, weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come

to a clear conviction, without hesitancy, of the truth of the precise facts in

issue.” Id. (citation and quotation marks omitted).

      This Court has explained:

      “[Although] dependency proceedings are governed by the Juvenile
      Act (Act), . . . the CPSL . . . controls determinations regarding
      findings of child abuse, which the juvenile courts must find by
      clear and convincing evidence.” In re L.V., 209 A.3d 399, 417
      (Pa. Super. 2019) (citations omitted); see also In the Interest
      of X.P., 248 A.3d 1274, 1276 (Pa. Super. 2021) (same). The
      CPSL “does not provide for legal determinations of abuse; it is
      mainly a vehicle for reporting abuse and bringing quickly into play
      those services (including court hearings) available through county
      protective service facilities for the care of the child.” In the
      Interest of J.R.W., 631 A.2d 1019, 1022 (Pa. Super. 1993).
      “[T]he Act and the [CPSL] must be applied together in the
      resolution of child abuse complaints under the [CPSL and]
      reference must be made to the definition sections of both the Law

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     and the [CPSL] to determine how that finding [of child abuse] is
     interrelated.” Id. at 1023.

     “‘As part of [a] dependency adjudication, a court may find a parent
     [or caregiver] to be the perpetrator of child abuse[]’ as defined by
     the . . . CPSL.” In re S.L., 202 A.3d 723, 728 (Pa. Super.
     2019) (citation and quotations omitted). Section 6381 of the
     CPSL, which governs evidence in court proceedings, states that
     “[i]n addition to the rules of evidence . . . relating to juvenile
     matters, the rules of evidence in this section shall govern in child
     abuse proceedings in court[.]” 23 Pa.C.S. § 6381(a) (emphasis
     added). . . .

     In In the Interest of N.B.-A., 224 A.3d 661 (Pa. 2020), the
     Pennsylvania Supreme Court recently reiterated the appropriate
     standard of proof for a finding of child abuse:

         The requisite standard of proof for a finding of child
         abuse pursuant to [s]ection 6303(b.1) of the CPSL is clear
         and convincing evidence.        [A] petitioning party must
         demonstrate the existence of child abuse by the clear and
         convincing evidence standard applicable to most
         dependency determinations, 42 Pa.C.S. § 6341(c)[]. Clear
         and convincing evidence is “evidence that is so clear,
         direct, weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of fact
         to come to a clear conviction, without hesitancy, of the
         truth of the precise facts in issue.” . . .

     Id. at 668 (citations omitted).

In the Interest of C.B., 264 A.3d 761, 770-771 (Pa. Super. 2021) (en banc)

(footnotes omitted) (emphasis in original).

     The CPSL defines “child abuse,” in relevant part, as follows:

     (b.1) Child abuse. -- The term “child abuse” shall mean
     intentionally, knowingly or recklessly doing any of the following:

                                       ...

         (3) Causing or substantially contributing to serious mental
         injury to a child through any act or failure to act or a series
         of such acts or failures to act.

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           (4) Causing sexual abuse or exploitation of a child through
           any act or failure to act.

                                           ...

           (6) Creating a likelihood of sexual abuse or exploitation of
           a child through any recent act or failure to act.

                                           ...

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6303(b.1)(3), (4), (6) (emphasis added).7

       On appeal, Father argues that the evidence was insufficient to establish

that he “knew or should have known” that B.P. sexually abused Child and

“consciously and unjustifiably” disregarded it. Father’s Brief at 12 (citing In

the Interest of N.B.-A., supra).               Specifically, Father baldly asserts that

Child’s PCA interview constituted hearsay and, further, that Child’s description

of the sexual abuse by B.P. “was extremely minimal.” Id. at 13.

       To the extent that Father claims the court erred or abused its discretion

in admitting into evidence Child’s PCA interview pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A.

____________________________________________

7 “Serious mental injury” is defined as

       A psychological condition, as diagnosed by a physician or licensed
       psychologist, including the refusal of appropriate treatment, that:

           (1)     renders a child chronically and severely anxious,
           agitated, depressed, socially withdrawn, psychotic or in
           reasonable fear that the child’s life or safety is threatened; or

           (2)   seriously interferes with a child’s ability to accomplish
           age-appropriate developmental and social tasks.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6303.

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§ 5985.1, it is waived because Father did not object to DHS’s request during

the relevant hearing discussed above. See N.T., 6/30/22, at 11; see also

State Farm Mutual v. Dill, 108 A.3d 882, 885 (Pa. Super. 2015) (en banc)

(citation omitted) (“On appeal, we will not consider assignments of error that

were not brought to the tribunal’s attention at a time at which the error could

have been corrected or the alleged prejudice could have been mitigated”).

      Instantly, the trial court concluded that DHS proved by clear and

convincing evidence that Father was a perpetrator of “child abuse” for his

failures to act. See Trial Court Opinion, 7/18/23, at 7. The court explained,

as follows.

      B.P. was the perpetrator of multiple instances of sexual abuse
      against Child. The court also finds that Child brought these
      instances of sexual abuse to the attention of Father and Mother
      and that both parents suppressed the allegations and instructed
      Child to not report the allegations to anyone else while allowing
      B.P. to continue residing in the family home with Child. Once the
      trauma of these instances of sexual abuse became too much for
      Child to handle on her own without the support of a family
      member, she was brought to the CRC in a suicidal state and made
      the report of sexual abuse which was relayed to authorities and
      gave rise to the matter at issue. Mother and Father continued to
      deny that the allegations made by Child have merit and have done
      everything within their power to support B.P. to the detriment of
      Child. Parents’ actions and inactions constituted instances of child
      abuse as perpetrators by omission. Specifically, their failures to
      act constitute child abuse pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A.
      §§ 6303(b.1)(3), (4), (6). . . .

Trial Court Opinion, 7/18/23, at 7 (cleaned up). The court’s conclusions are

based on crediting the testimony of Child and Ms. Barr and finding Father’s

testimony incredible. Specifically, the court found:

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      Child was consistent and unwavering in the allegations she made
      against B.P. and about the fact that she informed both of her
      parents of the sexual abuse inflicted upon her by him, and that
      her parents did nothing but attempt to cover the situation up and
      put Child at continued physical and emotional risk. The failure to
      act and respond appropriately by both parents caused Child
      serious mental injury that included her reporting to Ms. Barr that
      she wanted to kill herself.

      This court was not persuaded by Father’s testimony and found the
      assertions he made under oath to be incredible. Father testified
      bluntly that Child was lying and that B.P. never sexually abused
      her. The two reasons he provided for his belief that she was lying
      were unconvincing and irrational. First, Father testified that Child
      created the allegations against B.P. because Father confiscated
      her cell phone and computer and limited her social media access.
      It defies basic logic that a 15-year-old would allege specific
      instances of sexual abuse against her adult brother, claim to be
      suicidal, and subject herself to foster care and multiple years of
      court supervision and appearances because her cell phone and
      computer were taken away. Child never recanted the allegations
      against her brother and parents and her allegations remained
      consistent. Father also testified that in all the years that Child
      resided in the family home, she had never been in a room with
      B.P. or anyone else without a parent being present. This court
      found this assertion to be equally as unpersuasive and untruthful
      as the first.

Id. at 6-7 (footnote omitted) (cleaned up). We discern no abuse of discretion.

      Father testified that he believes Child is lying about being sexually

abused by B.P. at the age of five or six and again at age eleven for the reasons

stated by the trial court. See N.T., 3/24/23, at 33-37, 39-41. In addition,

Ms. Barr testified that she interviewed Father as part of her investigation of

the CPS report, and “he did not believe the allegations. He didn’t believe that

[B.P.] would do something to [Child] of this extent.” Id. at 18. Ms. Barr

continued to testify on direct examination, as follows.

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      Q. And did he give a reason as to why he was not believing
      [Child’s] statements?

      A. Again, . . . the situation of being on social media came up.
      Father stated that he didn’t allow [Child] to be on social media,
      and that this could be a reason why she is making up allegations.

      Q. And did you address with Father that [Child] stated that
      her parents knew of [her alleged sexual abuse by B.P.]
      prior to DHS’s involvement?

      A. Yes, he also denied that he knew.

      Q. And in your interview with Mother or Father was there any
      discussion about if they were aware if [B.P.] and [Child] had any
      alone time together growing up?

      A. I don’t remember that.

Id. at 18-19 (emphasis added).

      As such, competent evidence from Child and Ms. Barr supports the

court’s findings that Child was sexually abused by B.P., disclosed the abuse to

Father, but Father disregarded it and allowed B.P. to remain in the home with

Child. See In the Interest of R.C.-G., 292 A.3d at 587 (this Court must

accept the findings of fact and credibility determinations of the trial court if

they are supported by the record). Thus, we discern no abuse of discretion

by the court concluding that Father is a perpetrator of “child abuse” against

Child pursuant to subsection 6303(b.1)(3), (4), and (6) of the CPSL.

      Order affirmed.

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Date: 3/8/2024

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