Court Opinion

ID: 9554345
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-08 18:11:24.078038+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:23:16.013714
License: Public Domain

J-A13043-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

 IN THE INTEREST OF: C.S., A          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                                :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: K.M.R., MOTHER            :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :   No. 1615 MDA 2022

            Appeal from the Order Entered November 3, 2022
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County Juvenile Division at
                       No(s): 059-ADOPT-2022,
               060-ADOPT-2022, CP-21-DP-0000019-2021,
                       CP-21-DP-0000020-2021

 IN THE INTEREST OF: K.S., A          :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 MINOR                                :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                      :
                                      :
 APPEAL OF: K.R., MOTHER              :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :
                                      :   No. 1616 MDA 2022

            Appeal from the Order Entered November 3, 2022
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County Juvenile Division at
                     No(s): CP-21-DP-0000020-2021

 IN RE: K.S., A MINOR                :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                     :         PENNSYLVANIA
                                     :
 APPEAL OF: K.M.R., MOTHER           :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :
                                     :    No. 1621 MDA 2022

            Appeal from the Decree Entered November 3, 2022
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County Orphans’ Court at
                        No(s): 060-ADOPT-2022
J-A13043-23

    IN RE: C.S., A MINOR                       :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: K.M.R., MOTHER                  :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 1622 MDA 2022

              Appeal from the Decree Entered November 3, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County Orphans’ Court at
                          No(s): 059-ADOPT-2022

BEFORE:      BOWES, J., LAZARUS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.:                         FILED AUGUST 08, 2023

       Appellant, K.R. (“Mother”), appeals from the November 3, 2022,

decrees that involuntarily terminated her parental rights to her sons, K.S.,

born in February 2020, and C.S., born in January 2014 (collectively,

“Children”).1 Mother also appeals from the November 3, 2022 orders changing

Children’s permanency goals from reunification to adoption.            In addition,

Mother’s appointed counsel, R. H. Hawn, Jr., Esquire (“Counsel”), has filed a

petition to withdraw and accompanying brief, pursuant to Anders v.

California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 602 Pa.

159, 978 A.2d 349 (2009). After careful review, we grant Counsel’s petition

____________________________________________

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1 On the same date, the court also terminated the parental rights of C.S.
(“Father”). Father timely filed appeals which we dispose of by separate
memorandum.

                                           -2-
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to withdraw, affirm the termination decrees, and dismiss the appeals from the

goal change orders as moot.

       We glean the following factual and procedural history of this matter from

the certified record. Cumberland County Children and Youth Services (“CYS”)

became involved with the family in December 2020 after receiving a referral

that C.S. had 22 unexcused absences from school.           Notes of Testimony

(“N.T.”), 11/1/2022, at 39, 86-87. On December 31, 2020, Mother obtained

a temporary protection from abuse (“PFA”) order against Father on behalf of

her and Children. See CYS Exhibit 10.

       Furthermore, in January 2021, Mother requested that C.S. be admitted

to Hershey Medical Center due to behavioral and mental health concerns. See

CYS Exhibit 3-4.       After being assessed, C.S. was admitted to Southwood

Psychiatric Hospital from January 14, 2021, to January 20, 2021. Id. Child

was diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder and was recommended for

trauma therapy and family-based services. Id. Also during this time, CYS

received another referral alleging that Father had violated the PFA order,2 that

Mother was improperly supervising K.S., then eleven months old, and C.S.

had behavioral issues. N.T. at 41.

____________________________________________

2 On February 3, 2021, Mother obtained a final PFA order on behalf of herself

only. See CYS Exhibit 10.

                                           -3-
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       On February 25, 2021, CYS filed dependency petitions. See CYS Exhibit

3-4.   Thereafter, on March 17, 2021, Mother brought C.S. to Holy Spirit

Hospital for psychiatric treatment. Id. However, she did not stay with C.S.,

and after the hospital could not establish contact with her on March 18, it

contacted the police to perform a welfare check on her and K.S., who remained

in her care.3 Id. Around 1:00 a.m. on March 20, police found Mother sleeping

in her running car with K.S., who had just turned one year old. Id.; see also

N.T. at 41. Thereafter, due to the concerns of domestic violence in the home

as well as Mother’s own mental health, CYS obtained protective custody of

Children on March 19, 2021. Id. 41-42, 87. On April 6, 2021, following a

hearing, the orphans’ court adjudicated Children dependent. Id. at 41.

       In furtherance of Children’s goal of reunification, Mother was required

to perform the following objectives that remained the same through Children’s

dependency: (1) maintain adequate housing (2) submit to a psychiatric

evaluation and follow any recommendations; (3) attend parenting training;

(4) attend visitation with Children; (5) ensure Children’s medical, dental, and

educational needs are met; and (6) cooperate with CYS. Id. at 40-55.

       Mother made minimal progress in completing her goals. Approximately

one year after the orphans’ court adjudicated Children dependent, in March

____________________________________________

3 Two inpatient beds at the hospital became available during this time,
however, because the hospital could not reach Mother, C.S. was not admitted.
See CYS Exhibit 3-4.

                                           -4-
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2022, Mother departed Pennsylvania for Florida. Id. at 44-46. By the date

of the termination hearing in November 2022, Mother had moved to South

Carlina and CYS did not know if Mother had adequate housing as she refused

to provide CYS with her new address. Id. at 44-46, 149-150. Mother did

complete a Family Assessment for Service and Treatment (“FAST”) evaluation

in February 2021, but she did not complete the recommendations made from

the evaluation; namely, that she complete parenting education and a

psychiatric evaluation. Id. at 47-48. Finally, prior to leaving Pennsylvania,

Mother participated in supervised visits at Alternative Behavior Consultants

(“ABC”) or visits in the community supervised by ABC.          Id. at 57-58.

However, once she departed Pennsylvania, her visitation was solely virtual.

Id. at 58.

      On July 19, 2022, CYS filed petitions to change Children’s permanency

goals from reunification to adoption. Thereafter, on October 11, 2022, CYS

filed petitions for the involuntary termination of Mother’s parental rights to

Children pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). The

orphans’ court conducted a combined evidentiary hearing on November 1,

2022, at which time Children were eight and two years old, respectively.

Children were represented by a guardian ad litem (“GAL”) and separate legal

counsel.

      CYS presented the testimony of Trevor Donovan, outpatient health

therapist for C.S. at Laurel Life; Kelly Felix, foster care case manager at

                                    -5-
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Merakey Foster Care; J.R., pre-adoptive foster parent of Children; and Ashley

Vilkas, CYS caseworker. Mother was represented by Counsel and testified on

her own behalf.

       By decrees entered on November 3, 2022, the orphans’ court

involuntarily terminated Mother’s parental rights to Children pursuant to 23

Pa.C.S.A § 2511(a) and (b). In addition, by orders entered the same date,

the court changed Children’s permanency goals to adoption. Mother, through

Counsel, timely filed notices of appeal, and, in lieu of Rule 1925(b)

statements, Counsel filed statements of intent to withdraw.4 See Pa.R.A.P.

1925(c)(4); see also Interest of J.T., 983 A.2d 771 (Pa. Super. 2009)

(determining that Anders procedure set forth in Rule 1925(c)(4) is proper in

termination of parental rights case). This Court consolidated Mother’s appeals

sua sponte on December 7, 2022. The orphans’ court filed a Rule 1925(a)

opinion on January 24, 2023.

       Counsel filed an application to withdraw pursuant to Anders along with

a brief expressing his belief that Mother’s claims are frivolous on March 10,

2023. This Court has extended the Anders procedures to appeals taken from

decrees terminating parental rights involuntarily.   See In re Adoption of

B.G.S., 240 A.3d 658, 661 (Pa. Super. 2020) (citing In re V.E., 611 A.2d

____________________________________________

4 In lieu of a brief, the GAL and Children’s legal counsel submitted letters in

support of Counsel’s petition to withdraw.

                                           -6-
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1267, 1275 (Pa. Super. 1992)).      Accordingly, we will begin our review by

considering Counsel’s petition to withdraw and the accompanying brief. See

B.G.S., supra at 661 (“When faced with a purported Anders brief, this Court

may not review the merits of the underlying issues without first passing on

the request to withdraw.”).

      In order to withdraw pursuant to Anders, counsel must: (1) petition

the court for leave to withdraw and aver that, after making a conscientious

examination of the record, he has determined that an appeal would be

frivolous; (2) furnish a copy of the Anders brief to the appellant; and (3)

advise the appellant that they have the right to retain private counsel or bring

additional arguments to the court’s attention. Id. By way of confirming that

client notification has taken place, our precedent requires that counsel provide

this Court with a copy of the letter advising the appellant of his or her rights

in conformity with Commonwealth v. Millisock, 873 A.2d 748, 752 (Pa.

Super. 2005). See B.G.S., supra at 661.

      Our Supreme Court has also set forth substantive requirements for

counsel’s Anders brief, which must: (1) provide a summary of the procedural

history and facts, with citations to the record; (2) refer to anything in the

record that counsel believes would arguably support the appeal; (3) set forth

counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state counsel’s

reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous. Id. (citing Santiago, 602

Pa. at 178-179, 978 A.2d at 361). Thus, a compliant Anders brief should

                                     -7-
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“articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling case law, and/or statutes

on point that have led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.” Id.

       Instantly, Counsel filed a petition to withdraw stating that, after

conscientiously reviewing the record, he believes Mother’s appeal is frivolous.

Counsel also attached the letter he sent to Mother pursuant to Millisock,

along with the petition and Anders brief, advising of her right to retain new

counsel or proceed pro se to pursue her appeal.5 Counsel also filed an Anders

brief which includes a summary of the procedural history and facts of the case

with citations to the record, discussion of issues that could arguably support

Mother’s appeal, and Counsel’s assessment regarding why the appeal is

frivolous with citations to relevant legal authority. Accordingly, we conclude

that Counsel has complied with the technical requirements of Anders and

Santiago.

       We next must proceed to “‘conduct an independent review of the record

to discern if there are any additional, non-frivolous issues overlooked by

counsel.’” B.G.S., supra at 662 (quoting Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113

A.3d 1246, 1250 (Pa. Super. 2015)).

       We begin this assessment with the issues enumerated by Counsel:

       1. Did the trial court abuse its discretion or commit errors of law
          when it found that the children’s permanent placement goals
          of reunification were neither appropriate, nor feasible and
          ordered goal changes to adoption, thus contravening section
          6351(f) of the Juvenile Act, 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 6351(f)?
____________________________________________

5 Mother has not retained new counsel or proceeded pro se in this Court.

                                           -8-
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       2. After finding that sufficient grounds existed for termination of
          [M]other’s parental rights, did the trial court abuse its
          discretion or commit errors of law by failing to primarily
          consider the children’s developmental, physical, and emotional
          needs and welfare, or by failing to regard the prohibition
          against termination based solely on environmental conditions
          beyond [Mother’s] control, thus contravening section 2511(b)
          of the Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 2511(b)?

Anders Brief at 4.6

       Our standard of review in this context is well-settled:

       In cases concerning the involuntary termination of parental rights,
       appellate review is limited to a determination of whether the
       decree of the termination court is supported by competent
       evidence. When applying this standard, the appellate court must
       accept the trial court’s findings of fact and credibility
       determinations if they are supported by the record. Where the
       trial court’s factual findings are supported by the evidence, an
       appellate court may not disturb the trial court’s ruling unless it
       has discerned an error of law or abuse of discretion.

       An abuse of discretion does not result merely because the
       reviewing court might have reached a different conclusion or the
       facts could support an opposite result. Instead, an appellate court
       may reverse for an abuse of discretion only upon demonstration
       of manifest unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-
       will. This standard of review reflects the deference we pay to trial
       courts, who often observe the parties first-hand across multiple
       hearings.

       In considering a petition to terminate parental rights, a trial court
       must balance the parent’s fundamental right to make decisions
       concerning the care, custody, and control of his or her child with
       the child’s essential needs for a parent’s care, protection, and
       support.    Termination of parental rights has significant and
____________________________________________

6 Counsel’s enumerated issues do not include a challenge to Section 2511(a).

However, as stated supra, we are required to conduct an independent review
of the record to determine if there are any non-frivolous issues. B.G.S.,
supra at 662.

                                           -9-
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      permanent consequences for both the parent and child. As such,
      the law of this Commonwealth requires the moving party to
      establish the statutory grounds by clear and convincing evidence,
      which is evidence that is so clear, direct, weighty, and convincing
      as to enable a trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without
      hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.

Interest of M.E., 283 A.3d 820, 829-30 (Pa. Super. 2022) (internal citations

and quotation marks omitted).

      The involuntary termination of parental rights is governed at statute by

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511 of the Adoption Act, which necessitates a bifurcated

analysis that first focuses upon the “eleven enumerated grounds” of parental

conduct that may warrant termination pursuant to Section 2511(a)(1)-(11).

M.E., supra at 830. If the orphans’ court determines that a petitioner has

established grounds for termination under at least one of these subsections

by “clear and convincing evidence,” the court then assesses the petition under

Section 2511(b), which focuses primarily upon the child’s developmental,

physical, and emotional needs and welfare. Id. at 830 (citing In re T.S.M.,

620 Pa. 602, 628, 71 A.3d 251, 267 (2013)); see also 23 Pa.C.S.A. §

2511(b). This Court “need only agree with any one subsection of [Section]

2511(a), in addition to [Section] 2511(b), in order to affirm the termination

of parental rights.” T.S.M., supra at 628, 267 (citing In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d

380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc)).

      In the case sub judice, the orphans’ court terminated Mother’s parental

rights to Children pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2), (5), (8), and (b).

                                    - 10 -
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Instantly, we will analyze the court’s termination decree pursuant to Section

2511(a)(8) and (b), which provide as follows:

     (a) General Rule.—The rights of a parent in regard to a child
     may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
     grounds:

                                    ....

        (8) The child has been removed from the care of the parent
        by the court or under a voluntary agreement with an
        agency, 12 months or more have elapsed from the date of
        removal or placement, the conditions which led to the
        removal or placement of the child continue to exist and
        termination of parental rights would best serve the needs
        and welfare of the child.

                                    ....

     (b) Other considerations.—The court in terminating the rights
     of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental,
     physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights
     of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of
     environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings,
     income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the
     control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant
     to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any
     efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions described therein
     which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the
     filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(8), (b).

     In order to satisfy Section 2511(a)(8), the petitioner must prove that:

(1) the child has been removed from the parent’s care for at least 12 months;

(2) the conditions which led to the removal or placement still exist; and (3)

termination of parental rights would best serve the needs and welfare of the

child. See In re Adoption of J.N.M., 177 A.3d 937, 943 (Pa. Super. 2018).

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Furthermore, termination pursuant to Section 2511(a)(8) does not require an

evaluation of a parent’s willingness or ability to remedy the conditions that led

to the removal or placement of the child. See In re M.A.B., 166 A.3d 434,

446 (Pa. Super. 2017). Rather, our inquiry is focused upon whether the at-

issue “conditions” have been “remedied” such that “reunification of parent and

child is imminent at the time of the hearing.” In re I.J., 972 A.2d 5, 11 (Pa.

Super. 2009). This Court has acknowledged:

      [T]he application of Section (a)(8) may seem harsh when the
      parent has begun to make progress toward resolving the problems
      that had led to removal of her children.            By allowing for
      termination when the conditions that led to removal continue to
      exist after a year, the statute implicitly recognizes that a child’s
      life cannot be held in abeyance while the parent is unable to
      perform     the   actions    necessary    to    assume     parenting
      responsibilities. This Court cannot and will not subordinate
      indefinitely a child’s need for permanence and stability to a
      parent’s claims of progress and hope for the future. Indeed, we
      work under statutory and case law that contemplates only a short
      period of time, to wit eighteen months, in which to complete the
      process of either reunification or adoption for a child who has been
      placed in foster care.

Id. at 11-12 (emphasis in original; internal citations omitted).

      Finally, this Court has explained that,

      while both Section 2511(a)(8) and Section 2511(b) direct us to
      evaluate the “needs and welfare of the child,” we are required to
      resolve the analysis relative to Section 2511(a)(8), prior to
      addressing the “needs and welfare” of [the child], as proscribed
      by Section 2511(b); as such, they are distinct in that we must
      address Section 2511(a) before reaching Section 2511(b).

In re Adoption of C.L.G., 956 A.2d 999, 1009 (Pa. Super. 2008) (en banc).

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      In concluding that CYS satisfied Section 2511(a)(8), the court

emphasized Mother’s noncompliance, as follows:

      Rather than working on the permanency plan goals set out for her
      to achieve the goal of reunification, Mother refused to accept the
      services available to her and was discharged for lack of attendance
      or she simply refused to avail herself to certain court ordered
      services/recommendations.       While Mother identified a valid
      concern of potential future domestic violence by [Children’s]
      Father, her decision to move out of Pennsylvania was done without
      the assistance of any domestic violence service provider and over
      the opposition of the court. As anticipated, Mother’s contact with
      [CYS] and [Children] was severely limited after she left
      Pennsylvania. Only virtual visitation was able to be scheduled and
      Mother continued on her path of non-compliance by refusing to
      inform [CYS] where she was residing and never demonstrating
      that she had completed a psychiatric evaluation or parenting
      education. [Children] have been out of [Mother’s] care for well
      over a year and a half and are no closer to being reunified with
      Mother than the day they were placed and not for [CYS’s] lack of
      trying to assist Mother with reunification. Mother has been
      unwilling or unable to take the steps necessary to remedy the
      reasons for [Children’s] placement into [CYS’s] legal and physical
      custody.

Orphans’ Court Opinion, 1/24/2023, at 8-9 (unpaginated) (footnote omitted).

      The record supports the orphans’ court’s findings.        Initially, it is

undisputed that Children have been removed from Mother’s care for the

requisite twelve months. Turning to the second prong of Section 2511(a)(8),

it is clear from the evidence presented that Mother has made minimal progress

in remedying the conditions that led to Children’s placement.

      Primarily, Mother never completed a parenting class, and she did not

provide proof to CYS that she completed a psychiatric evaluation. N.T. at 47-

52.   After completing the FAST evaluation in February 2021, it was

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recommended that Mother engage in parenting education and that she

complete a psychiatric evaluation. Id. at 47-48. Accordingly, Mother began

the TIPS parenting program through ABC, but she was unsuccessfully

discharged due to noncompliance. Id. at 48. In March 2022, ABC requested

that Mother complete another FAST evaluation because it had been over a

year since Mother completed her initial evaluation, but Mother never

completed a second evaluation because she relocated to Florida. Id.

      Additionally,   Mother   reported that   she   completed   a psychiatric

evaluation, but she never provided documentation to CYS. Id. at 49, 76. The

evaluation was allegedly performed in Florida and CYS contacted the provider

to obtain a copy. Id. at 50-51. However, when CYS inquired, the provider

advised that it did not have a release on file. Id. at 51. CYS followed up with

Mother, but she never provided the releases. Id. at 51-52. Therefore, CYS

was not able to confirm that Mother obtained the psychiatric evaluation. Id.

      Furthermore, CYS did not know if Mother had adequate housing because

she left Pennsylvania and refused to provide CYS with her new address. Id.

at 44-46, 149-150. Mother moved to Florida in March 2022. Id. at 44-45.

CYS caseworker, Ms. Vilkas, submitted an Interstate Compact on the

Placement of Children (“ICPC”) referral, but required information from Mother

regarding her new home. Id. at 45, 72-74. Ms. Vilkas merely needed to know

how many bedrooms were in the home and if there were additional persons

living in the residence.   Id. at 77.   However, Mother did not provide the

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information to CYS despite numerous requests, and before CYS could obtain

the necessary information, Mother moved to South Carolina, where she was

residing at the time of the hearing. Id. at 46, 72-74. Due to the move, CYS

was required to submit a second ICPC referral, but Mother refused to provide

her residential address, instead only providing a mailing address. Id. at 46,

72-74, 163. Therefore, the second ICPC could not be completed either.

      Regarding the final prong of Section 2511(a)(8), Ms. Vilkas testified that

it is in Children’s best interest for Mother’s rights to be terminated. Id. at 61-

62. She further stated that Children “have a stable home environment” with

foster parents and “[t]hey are really thriving right now.”      N.T. at 62. Mr.

Donovan, outpatient health therapist for C.S., stated that C.S. initially

struggled with expressing his emotions, accepting limitations, and coping with

anxiety, but he has made noticeable progress. Id. at 9. Mr. Donovan further

emphasized that foster parents are involved in C.S.’s treatment and ensure

he obtains the services he needs.       Id. at 10.   Conversely, Mother never

progressed beyond supervised visitation, and once she left Pennsylvania, only

participated in virtual visits. Id. at 58. Foster parent, J.R., also noted that

C.S. often does not want to talk to Mother during the virtual visits and that

K.S. does not recognize her. Id. at 23-24.

      Based on the foregoing, the orphans’ court was well within its discretion

to terminate Mother’s parental rights under Section 2511(a)(8) because

Children had been removed from her care for more than the twelve-month

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statutory minimum, the conditions which led to Children’s removal continue

to exist, and termination would best serve the needs and welfare of Children.

      Having determined that there are sufficient grounds for termination

pursuant to at least one subsection of 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a), we now turn

to   Section   2511(b),   which   affords     “primary   consideration”   to   “the

developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child.” 23

Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b). In Interest of K.T., 2023 Pa. Lexis 829 (Pa. June 21,

2023), our High Court held:

      a court conducting a Section 2511(b) analysis must consider
      more than proof of an adverse or detrimental impact from
      severance of the parental bond. We emphasize analysis of the
      parental bond is but one part of the overall subsection (b)
      analysis, which includes a determination of whether the bond is
      necessary and beneficial to the child, i.e., whether maintaining the
      bond serves the child’s developmental, physical, and emotional
      needs and welfare.

Id. at *54-55 (emphasis added). In addition, the K.T. Court held that the

“Section 2511(b) inquiry must also include consideration of other important

factors.” Id. at *55. While not inventing an exhaustive list of considerations,

the Court explained that the inquiry must consider and weigh certain

evidence if it is present in the record, including, but not limited to,

      the child’s need for permanency and the length of time in foster
      care consistent with 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 6351(f)(9); whether the
      child is in a preadoptive home and bonded with foster parents;
      and whether the foster home meets the child’s developmental,
      physical, and emotional needs, including intangible needs of love,
      comfort, security, safety, and stability.

Id. (footnote omitted); see also id. at n.28 (emphasis in original).

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       The evaluation of a child’s bonds is not always an easy task. “In cases

where there is no evidence of any bond between the parent and child, it is

reasonable to infer that no bond exists. The extent of any bond analysis,

therefore, necessarily depends on the circumstances of the particular case.”

In re K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 762-63 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation omitted).

Nevertheless, “the mere existence of a bond or attachment of a child to a

parent will not necessarily result in the denial of a termination petition.”

T.S.M., supra at 629, 267. The Court directed that, in weighing the bond

considerations pursuant to Section 2511(b), “courts must keep the ticking

clock of childhood ever in mind.” Id. at 269. Specifically, we have observed,

“[c]hildren are young for a scant number of years, and we have an obligation

to see to their healthy development quickly. When courts fail . . . the result,

all too often, is catastrophically maladjusted children.” Id.

       Primarily, other than her own self-serving testimony, no real evidence

was presented that Mother and Children, who were eight years old and two

years old at the time of the hearing, shared a bond.            Furthermore, as

referenced supra, Mother only participated in virtual visits starting in March

2022, after she departed Pennsylvania, C.S. did not want to talk to Mother

during these visits, and K.S. did not recognize Mother. N.T. at 23-24, 58.

Therefore, based on this lack of evidence, it is reasonable to infer that Mother

and Children did not share a parent-child bond. See K.Z.S., supra at 762-

763.

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      In determining that termination of Mother’s parental rights favors

Children’s needs and welfare under Section 2511(b), the orphans’ court stated

the following.

      [Children] are finally in a stable environment with proper
      parenting, with people who are caring, dependable, and dedicated
      to the promotion of their development. Unlike with Mother, who
      is unable to provide [Children] with a stable home environment,
      [Children] are now in a home that provides them the consistent
      nurturing they need to be healthy and safe with all of their
      developmental needs being met.

Orphans’ Court Opinion, 1/24/2023, at 11-12 (unpaginated).

      We discern no abuse of discretion. As related supra, Ms. Vilkas and Mr.

Donovan testified to the stability and progress Children have made with their

pre-adoptive foster parents. Ms. Felix, foster care case manager, also testified

that Children have progressed immensely while with foster parents.

      Q: Since they first started with the foster parents until now, have
      you seen any changes in [Children], any progress being made by
      them?

      A: Yes. [K.S.] has come a really long way with his speech. He is
      happy. He plays. He interacts with people. C.S. isn’t as angry as
      what he used to be. He’s making relationships. He’s making
      friends in the community, at school. They both seem like they
      have come quite a long way, yes.

      Q: You said K.S. has come a long way with his speech.         Is he
      receiving any specific services for that?

      A: He gets speech therapy, yes.

                                       ...

      Q: Is he receiving any other like occupational therapy?

      A: Occupational therapy, yes.

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      Q: What is that to address?

      A: I think it’s fine motor skills.

      Q: Okay. [Foster Parents] have been seeing that that occurs
      regularly?

      A: Yes.

      Q: Are [Children] up to date medically and dentally?

      A: Yes.

                                           ...

      Q: How would you describe the dynamic in the home between
      [foster parents] and [Children]?

      A: They are a very loving family. They are a family. It’s nice to
      be able to go in and see [Children] in their relationship with [foster
      parents].

Id. at 14-15. Accordingly, the orphans’ court did not abuse its discretion in

determining that termination best serves the Children’s developmental,

physical, and emotional needs and welfare pursuant to Section 2511(b).

      With respect to Mother’s appeals from the goal change orders, given our

disposition affirming the decrees, they are moot. Therefore, we do not review

them. See In the Interest of D.R.-W., 227 A.3d 905, 917 (Pa. Super. 2020)

(“An issue before a court is moot if in ruling upon the issue the court cannot

enter an order that has any legal force or effect.”) (citation omitted).

      Based on our independent analysis, we agree with Counsel that the

appeal from the decrees terminating Mother’s parental rights pursuant to

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Section 2511(a)(8) and (b) is wholly frivolous and our review of the record

does not reveal any overlooked non-frivolous issues.

     Counsel’s petition to withdraw granted. Decrees affirmed. Appeals from

goal change orders dismissed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 08/08/2023

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