Court Opinion

ID: 9903167
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-11-27 15:31:18.701316+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:22:07.289656
License: Public Domain

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
                       FIFTH DISTRICT

                                  NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
                                  FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
                                  DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED

RHONDA WALTERS, BRITTANY POSEY,
AND B.W., A MINOR,

           Petitioner,

v.                                        Case No. 5D22-2462
                                          LT Case No. UNKNOWN

STATE OF FLORIDA,

           Respondent.

________________________________/

Opinion filed May 19, 2023

Petition for Writ of Prohibition,
Lisa D. Herndon, Respondent Judge.

Laura K. Hargrove, of Gause &
Hargrove, PLLC, Tavares, for
Petitioner.

Ashley Moody, Attorney General,
Tallahassee, and Alyssa Marie
Williams, Assistant Attorney
General, Daytona Beach, for
Respondent.

PER CURIAM.
      Rhonda Walters, Brittany Posey, and B.W., a minor, seek a writ of

prohibition prohibiting the circuit court from holding a hearing on whether the

State may compel production of Petitioners' medical records pursuant to

section 395.3025, Florida Statutes (2022), under the circumstances involved

here. Petitioners argue that the State has not properly invoked the circuit

court's procedural jurisdiction because the State has not commenced any

action with the court regarding obtaining these medical records. We agree

and grant the writ without prejudice to the State to properly invoke the circuit

court’s procedural jurisdiction.

      Generally speaking, the State has the authority to summon witnesses

and obtain documents utilizing subpoenas during an investigation pursuant

to section 27.04, Florida Statutes (2022). However, when the State seeks a

subpoena for medical records, patient privacy rights are implicated, and the

State must comply with section 395.3025, which provides:

            (4) Patient records are confidential and must not be
            disclosed without the consent of the patient or his or
            her legal representative, but appropriate disclosure
            may be made without such consent to:

             (d) In any civil or criminal action, unless otherwise
            prohibited by law, upon the issuance of a subpoena
            from a court of competent jurisdiction and proper
            notice by the party seeking such records to the
            patient or his or her legal representative.

§ 395.3025, Fla. Stat. (2022).

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      The interplay between these two statutes and an individual's

constitutional right to privacy was addressed by this Court in Hunter v. State,

639 So. 2d 72 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994). In Hunter, the assistant state attorney

submitted a praecipe to the clerk of court for issuance of an investigative

subpoena duces tecum pursuant to section 27.04 seeking production of

Hunter's hospital records following an auto accident. Id. at 73.       Hunter

received no notice of the issuance of the subpoena or its contents. Id. At the

first hearing regarding Hunter’s motion to quash the subpoena, the State

argued that it did not need to present any evidence or offer any testimony to

demonstrate why the State needed the records requested in the investigative

subpoena. Id. The subpoena was quashed after Hunter proved that the

subpoena was issued before he received notice of it. Id.

      The State submitted a second praecipe for a subpoena and gave

Hunter proper notice. Id. The trial court held a second hearing on Hunter's

motion to quash, and the State maintained that it did not have to present any

evidence as to why it needed the requested records. Id. The trial judge

denied the motion to quash. Id.

      Hunter sought review and this Court "emphasize[d] that the state has

the obligation and the burden to present evidence to the trial judge to

demonstrate that a patient's confidential hospital records are relevant to a

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criminal investigation before the issuance of an investigative subpoena." Id.

at 72. However, this Court upheld the trial court's ruling despite the state

attorney's argument (or lack thereof) at the hearing, because "there was

sufficient record evidence presented to show both a compelling state interest

and that the medical records were relevant to a criminal investigation." Id.

This Court ultimately held:

            [T]he . . . state attorney may use an investigative
            subpoena to compel disclosure of a patient's medical
            records, but the patient must first be given notice
            before the subpoena is issued. If the patient objects,
            the state has the obligation and the burden to show
            the relevancy of the records requested; before the
            subpoena for the patient's medical records is allowed
            to issue.

Id. at 74. The Florida Supreme Court has also provided guidance on the

State’s ability to access medical records through its investigative powers:

            Section 395.3025 is a legislative attempt to balance
            a patient's privacy rights against legitimate access to
            medical records. The provision begins with a
            recognition of the confidential nature of medical
            records, and subsection (4)(d) provides that before
            the records can be made available in any civil or
            criminal action, the patient must be put on notice and
            a subpoena must issue from a court of competent
            jurisdiction. The obvious purpose behind the
            notification requirement is to permit the patient to
            assert any legal objections he or she may have to the
            subpoena before the records are produced. . . .
            Based on the clear language of the statute, we hold
            that the state attorney's subpoena power under
            section 27.04, Florida Statutes (1997), cannot

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            override the notice        requirement     of   section
            395.3025(4)(d).

State v. Johnson, 814 So. 2d 390, 393 (Fla. 2002).

      Thus, while it is clear based on this Court's holding in Hunter and the

Florida Supreme Court's holding in Johnson that the State may use its

investigative subpoena powers to obtain medical records, these powers do

not allow the State to circumvent the requirements outlined in section

395.3025(4)(d).

      Furthermore, in the case under consideration, the State has not filed a

civil or criminal case or judicial action of any type. Indeed, from the record

before the Court, the State has not filed any motion or pleading with the lower

court. The State did give Petitioners notice that it would seek to obtain their

medical records via subpoena and when advised of Petitioners’ objections,

the State made the request of a circuit judge’s assistant to schedule and

conduct a hearing.      When Petitioners’ counsel inquired of the judge’s

assistant, it was confirmed that there was no case number which could be

referenced as no case had been filed. The judicial assistant discussed

available hearing times with counsel for Petitioners and the State. The

petition for writ of prohibition was filed before a hearing took place.

      We agree with Petitioners’ argument that the State has not invoked the

procedural jurisdiction of the circuit court as the State has not attempted to

                                       5
commence any civil or criminal action by making any type of filing with the

court, such as a motion to compel issuance of the subpoena to obtain

Petitioners’ medical records, despite being notified of their objections. It

does not appear that the State even filed the proposed subpoenas. See U.S.

Bank Nat’l Ass'n v. Anthony-Irish, 204 So. 3d 57, 60 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016) ("If

a court enters an order prior to the filing of proper pleadings, the court is said

to lack jurisdiction."). Thus, there is nothing before the circuit court at this

time for it to consider. We grant the writ without prejudice to the State filing

an action or an appropriate written motion seeking issuance of the desired

investigative subpoenas with the clerk of the court to assign a case number

and judge or division as is done in the normal course of proceedings. A

hearing can then be scheduled during which evidence, together with the

parties’ positions, objections, and arguments, may be presented to the court

for its consideration and ruling. 1

      PETITION GRANTED.

WALLIS, EDWARDS and HARRIS, JJ., concur.

      1
          See McKnight v. State, 335 So. 3d 190 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022).

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