Court Opinion

ID: 9386067
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-11 13:10:53.411041+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:00.757826
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
UNPUBLISHED

              Present: Judges Humphreys, White and Retired Judge Frank*

              LORETTA LYNN CARR
                                                                                MEMORANDUM OPINION**
              v.      Record No. 1186-22-2                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                                    APRIL 11, 2023
              BUCKINGHAM COUNTY DEPARTMENT
               OF SOCIAL SERVICES

                                  FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF BUCKINGHAM COUNTY
                                               Donald C. Blessing, Judge

                                (M. Kevin Bailey; M. Kevin Bailey, PLLC, on brief), for appellant.
                                Appellant submitting on brief.

                                (E. M. Wright, Jr.; M. Brooke Teefey, Guardian ad litem for the
                                minor child; Teefey Law, P.C., on brief), for appellee. Appellee and
                                Guardian ad litem submitting on brief.

                      Loretta Lynn Carr (mother) appeals the circuit court’s orders terminating her parental rights

              and approving the foster care goal of adoption. Mother argues that the circuit court erred in finding

              that the termination of her parental rights was in the child’s best interests and that clear and

              convincing evidence supported the termination of her parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(B),

              (E)(i), and (E)(iv). After reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that the

              circuit court did not err. Accordingly, we affirm the circuit court’s judgment.

                      *
                      Retired Judge Frank took part in the consideration of this case by designation pursuant to
              Code § 17.1-400(D).
                      **
                           This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1-413.
                                          BACKGROUND1

       “On appeal from the termination of parental rights, this Court is required to review the

evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing in the circuit court.” Yafi v. Stafford

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 69 Va. App. 539, 550-51 (2018) (quoting Thach v. Arlington Cnty. Dep’t of

Hum. Servs., 63 Va. App. 157, 168 (2014)). Here, the Department was the prevailing party.

       Mother and Martin Maurice Yates (“father”) are the biological parents to the child who is

the subject of this appeal.2 The child was born prematurely in March 2021 and spent the first “59

to 69” days in the hospital. The Infant & Toddler Connection (“I&TC”) provided early intervention

services to the family, including physical and speech therapy to the child.

       In early November 2021, a therapist saw a burn mark on the then-seven-month-old child’s

right lower back. The child’s grandmother told the therapist that the child had rolled into a space

heater in father’s office in the “shed building” where he lived3; however, I&TC had documented

that the child needed assistance to roll over. The grandmother also told the therapist that a doctor

had seen the wound and prescribed medicine. 4

       In addition to noting the child’s burns, the therapist documented the living conditions of

mother’s home. Her house had fleas, which prevented the therapist from working with the child on

       1
         The record in this case was sealed. Nevertheless, the appeal necessitates unsealing
relevant portions of the record to resolve the issues mother has raised. “To the extent that this
opinion mentions facts found in the sealed record, we unseal only those specific facts, finding
them relevant to the decision in this case. The remainder of the previously sealed record remains
sealed.” Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1 (2017).
       2
        Father also appealed the circuit court’s orders terminating his parental rights and
approving the foster care goal of adoption. See Yates v. Buckingham Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs.,
Record No. 1206-22-2.
       3
           The shed was on the same property as mother’s house.
       4
         When asked about the prescription, the grandmother showed the therapist an “empty
tube of Vaseline”; she also said that there was a “cream,” but she did not know where it was.
                                                -2-
the floor. The therapist worked with the child in father’s shed once in November 2021. The

therapist noted that there were bees and ladybugs that “continuously needed to be swatted away”

while she worked with the child.

       In early December 2021, mother took the child to the pediatrician for a “regularly scheduled

appointment.” The pediatrician noticed a “healing burn” on the child’s buttocks and lower back and

sent the child to the hospital for treatment. The hospital personnel determined that the child had

burn marks in “various stages of healing” on her back, hip, and buttocks, as well as a subdural

hematoma.

       According to medical personnel, the child’s injuries were “not fresh” and “not consistent”

with diaper rash as mother claimed. The doctors suspected that the child was physically abused

because she could not “crawl over to something hot and burn herself accidentally,” and the location

of the burn was in “an atypical location for an accidental burn.” After receiving conflicting reports

about the causes of the injuries and hearing mother’s threats to leave, the hospital reported the

incident to the Buckingham County Department of Social Services (the Department).

       The Department spoke with mother and convinced her to allow the hospital to conduct

additional tests. Mother initially told the hospital personnel and the Department that she and father

did not own a space heater and the child’s injuries were a result of diaper rash. She next reported

that an uncle used a “diaper brand that burned [the] child around Thanksgiving.” Then, she claimed

that a diaper that she placed on the child caused a “chemical burn.” Next, she blamed father and her

brother for the child’s burns, and then she said that father burned the child recently and assaulted

her. Finally, she told the Department that she was in jail when the child was burned.

       In addition to the burns, the hospital documented its concerns that the child was

developmentally delayed and underweight. Although the child was eight months old, she

functioned developmentally as a two or three month old. The child was “unable to hold herself
                                                 -3-
upright, unable to hold her head up, unable to crawl, unable to roll both ways, and the back of her

head was extremely flat.” In addition, the child’s weight was fluctuating and was in the third

percentile for her age.

        During its investigation, the Department discovered that child protective services from

several localities had been involved with one or both parents since 2006. Father had three children

from a previous relationship, and mother had five children from a previous relationship. Together,

father and mother had four children, including the child who is the subject of this appeal.5 The

parents did not have custody of any of their children. Mother’s parental rights had been

involuntarily terminated for two children and voluntarily terminated for one child.

        Considering the parents’ history with child protective services, the severity of the child’s

injuries, the parents’ inability to explain how the injury occurred, the child’s developmental delays,

and the lack of viable relative placement options, the Department petitioned for removal of the

child. The Buckingham County Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (“the JDR court”)

granted the Department’s petition and entered emergency and preliminary removal orders. The

JDR court subsequently adjudicated that the child was abused or neglected and prohibited the

parents from having any contact with her. On February 15, 2022, the JDR court terminated

mother’s parental rights and approved the foster care goal of adoption. Mother appealed the JDR

court’s rulings to the circuit court. After the JDR court hearing, the Department made a disposition

of “Founded, level 1 for medical neglect” against mother.6

        5
            One of the parents’ children died at 25 days old of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
(SIDS).
        6
            The Department determined the allegations of physical abuse were “unfounded” against
mother.
                                                 -4-
       At the circuit court hearing, the Department presented evidence, including photographs, of

the child’s burns. Dr. Jennifer Andrews, an expert in child abuse who saw the child in the

emergency room in December 2021, testified that her injuries were burns. Dr. Andrews noted that

the burns were “irregular” in shape and located in an area that clothing or diapers typically protect.

Further, because the child was “not independently mobile,” she could not have sustained the burns

on her own; therefore, Dr. Andrews opined that “the absence of a history of burn [was] indicative of

physical abuse.” In addition, the location of the burns “on two separate planes,” her left buttock and

her right lower back and right hip, suggested that she was burned twice. Dr. Andrews testified that

the burns the child sustained would have caused her “a lot of pain.”

       Dr. Andrews recalled that the parents presented conflicting accounts of the child’s injuries.

Father reported that the child had been burned and had received medical treatment, but mother

denied that the child’s injuries were burns. Mother claimed the child had diaper rash. Considering

the conflicting stories about whether the child had received medical treatment, Dr. Andrews opined

that it was “medically indeterminate” whether the child had been medically neglected. Nonetheless,

the burns suggested that the child had been physically abused.

       In addition to the burns, medical providers were concerned about the child’s development.

Dr. Andrews opined that the child suffered from nutritional neglect because the child was “small,”

but made “improvements in her growth” after being placed in foster care, suggesting that she was

not eating enough before her hospitalization. At a follow-up appointment two weeks after the

December hospital visit, the child’s burns were healing, and she had gained a “substantial amount”

of weight. The child also “had made over a month of advancement with her development.” At the

time of the circuit court hearing, the child was “thriving” in foster care; she was walking, climbing,

talking, and holding a cup.

                                                 -5-
       At trial, mother explained that she primarily cared for the child during the day, while other

relatives cared for the child at night and on the weekends. In November 2021, however, mother was

incarcerated for “15 days straight” and then reported for weekends. 7 While mother was

incarcerated, father had cared for the child. At some point, he placed the child’s pack and play in

the shed with him, even though he was not supposed to take the child from mother’s home.

       Father admitted to accidentally burning the child with the space heater in his office. He

acknowledged that he had not taken her to the hospital immediately because he was worried that

she “could be taken away.” Father claimed that he fell asleep, and the child, who was in a pack

and play, rolled too close to the heater. When he awoke the next morning, he noticed that she had

been burned.

       Mother recalled discovering the burns after she returned home. She allegedly scheduled a

telehealth appointment for the child but admitted that she initially thought the mark was diaper rash.

She claimed that she “found out during the telemed visit” that father burned the child. Mother and

father testified that the telehealth provider gave mother a prescription for the burns, and mother took

the child to a follow-up appointment with a pediatrician in December 2021. Mother testified that

she told Dr. Andrews at the hospital that the child had diaper rash and a burn.

       Mother admitted that she sometimes was responsible for feeding the child but claimed that

other relatives also fed the child. According to mother, the child had experienced “problems

gaining weight ever since she was born.” 8 Mother explained that doctors had been “monitoring” the

child’s weight and told her to “fortify her formula” by adding “vitamin drops . . . and a bunch of

       7
        Mother had been convicted for “a driving charge and fighting charge” and received a
30-day active sentence.
       8
        Father claimed that the child was “healthy,” “doing pushups,” and had “only lost a little bit
of weight.”
                                               -6-
other supplements to help her gain weight,” which mother said she did. She did not believe that she

had neglected the child.

        After hearing all the evidence and arguments, the circuit court found “a lot of confusion”

and “contradiction” in the parents’ testimony. Noting the contradiction concerning the child’s

ability to roll over on her own, the circuit court questioned why anyone would place a portable

heater so close to such a young child if she could have rolled over and burned herself. The circuit

court voiced concern upon viewing the photographs stating they showed “a horrible looking blister

that’s probably going to be a disfigurement.” After finding that father had “an inadequate home

setting and the mother doesn’t seem to have much better,” the circuit court also found that the

child’s “lack of nourishment” contributed to her “lack of development.” Considering the “burns,

apparent neglect, [and] lack of nourishment,” the circuit court found that it was in the child’s best

interests to terminate mother’s parental rights. In addition, the circuit court noted that mother’s

parental rights had been involuntarily terminated to two of the child’s siblings. The circuit court

then terminated mother’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(B), (E)(i), and (E)(iv) and approved

the foster care goal of adoption. Mother appeals.

                                             ANALYSIS

        “On review, ‘[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly weighed all the evidence,

considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best

interests.’” Castillo v. Loudoun Cnty. Dep’t of Fam. Servs., 68 Va. App. 547, 558 (2018)

(quoting Logan v. Fairfax Cnty. Dep’t of Hum. Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128 (1991)). “Where, as

here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great weight and will not be

disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Fauquier Cnty.

Dep’t of Soc. Servs. v. Ridgeway, 59 Va. App. 185, 190 (2011) (quoting Martin v. Pittsylvania

Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20 (1986)).
                                                 -7-
        Mother challenges the circuit court’s termination of her parental rights. The circuit court

terminated mother’s parental rights on multiple grounds, including Code § 16.1-283(E)(i). That

statute provides that parental rights may be terminated “if the court finds, based upon clear and

convincing evidence, that it is in the best interests of the child and that (i) the residual parental

rights of the parent regarding a sibling of the child have previously been involuntarily

terminated . . . .” Code § 16.1-283(E)(i). There is no dispute that mother’s parental rights to two

other children had been terminated involuntarily.

        Mother argues, however, that it was not in the child’s best interests to terminate her

parental rights. She emphasizes that she did not cause the conditions leading to the removal

because father had taken responsibility for accidentally burning the child. Mother also stresses

that she arranged a telehealth appointment in November and took the child to a pediatrician and

the hospital in December.

        “When addressing matters concerning a child, including the termination of a parent’s

residual parental rights, the paramount consideration of a trial court is the child’s best interests.”

Castillo, 68 Va. App. at 558 (quoting Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128). The circuit court is “vested

with broad discretion in making the decisions necessary to guard and to foster a child’s best

interests.” Id. (quoting Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128).

        The Department presented evidence that the child had been burned twice. The shape and

location of the burns, along with the child’s lack of “independent[] mobil[ity],” suggested physical

abuse. Mother presented conflicting stories about how the child was burned. Initially, mother

reported to the hospital and the Department that the injuries were a result of diaper rash, but her

story changed to the injuries occurring because of a reaction to a diaper and then because father

burned the child. At the circuit court hearing, mother claimed that she realized in November that

father had burned the child, yet she told the hospital in December that the child had diaper rash and
                                                 -8-
a burn. The circuit court did not credit mother’s testimony. “It is well established that the trier of

fact ascertains a witness’ credibility, determines the weight to be given to their testimony, and

has discretion to accept or reject any of the witness’ testimony.” Layman v. Layman, 62

Va. App. 134, 137 (2013) (quoting Street v. Street, 25 Va. App. 380, 387 (1997) (en banc)).

“This Court is bound by the credibility findings of the circuit court.” Tackett v. Arlington Cnty.

Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 62 Va. App. 296, 339 (2013).

        Moreover, the Department presented evidence that the child was underweight and

developmentally delayed when she entered foster care. Within two weeks of her foster care

placement, she had gained “a substantial amount” of weight and progressed developmentally. At

the time of the circuit court hearing, the guardian ad litem reported that the child was “thriving” in

foster care.

        The circuit court considered the totality of the evidence, including photographs of the child’s

injuries. The circuit court found that the burns resulted in a “horrible looking blister” and mother

failed to get immediate medical attention. The circuit court also found that the child’s “lack of

nourishment” contributed to her “lack of development.” The evidence supports the circuit court’s

ruling that it was in the child’s best interests to terminate mother’s parental rights, and it did not err

in terminating her parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(E)(i).

        “When a lower court’s judgment is made on alternative grounds, this Court need only

determine whether any of the alternatives is sufficient to sustain the judgment.” Castillo, 68

Va. App. at 574 n.9; see also Fields v. Dinwiddie Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 8

(2005) (the Court affirmed termination of parental rights under one subsection of Code

§ 16.1-283 and did not need to address termination of parental rights pursuant to another

subsection). We find that the circuit court did not err in terminating mother’s parental rights

                                                   -9-
under Code § 16.1-283(E)(i); therefore, we do not need to reach the question of whether

mother’s parental rights also should have been terminated under Code § 16.1-283(B) or (E)(iv).

                                         CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is affirmed.

                                                                                      Affirmed.

                                               - 10 -