Court Opinion

ID: 4106995
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-12-13 22:05:53.538221+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:20:53.846698
License: Public Domain

2016 IL App (1st) 151011

                                                                         SECOND DIVISION
                                                                         December 13, 2016

                                         No. 1-15-1011

 LM INSURANCE CORPORATION,                                 )       Appeal from the
                                                           )       Circuit Court of
                       Plaintiff-Appellant,                )       Cook County
                                                           )
 v.                                                        )
                                                           )
 B&R INSURANCE PARTNERS, LLC; SOUTHERN                     )       No. 14 CH 4394
 ILLINOIS WORKERS INC.; SPEED SEJA SCHOOL                  )
 DISTRICT 802; BILLY SUDDUTH; CHRISTOPHER                  )
 CONOVER; DONYETTA JONES; JOHN LEWIS; and                  )
 CALVIN WORKS;                                             )       Honorable
                                                           )       Mary L. Mikva,
                       Defendants-Appellees.               )       Judge Presiding.

       JUSTICE PIERCE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
       Presiding Justice Hyman and Justice Neville concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                          OPINION

¶1     B&R Insurance Partners, LLC (B&R), entered into client agreements with Southern

Illinois Workers Inc. and Speed SEJA School District 802 whereby B&R would obtain workers’

compensation insurance on their behalf. LM Insurance Corporation issued a policy that named

B&R as the insured and extended coverage through policy endorsements to those employees of

B&R’s that had been leased to B&R’s clients. LM subsequently cancelled the policy and

retroactively removed B&R’s clients from the policy’s endorsements after B&R informed LM

that none of its clients’ employees were on B&R’s payroll. Meanwhile, the individual

defendants, all of whom were employees of B&R’s clients, filed workers’ compensation claims

with the Workers’ Compensation Commission alleging injuries suffered during the scope of their
1-15-1011

employment. B&R tendered the claims to LM, since the alleged injuries occurred during a time

when the policy was still in effect. LM then filed this declaratory judgment action. The amended

complaint sought a declaration that LM had no duty to defend or indemnify against the

individual defendants’ claims. The trial court denied LM’s motion for summary judgment and

granted summary judgment in favor of the defendants. LM timely appeals. For the following

reasons, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further proceedings.

¶2                                      BACKGROUND

¶3      B&R Insurance Partners, LLC, is licensed by the State of Illinois to operate as an

employee leasing company. B&R entered into separate, identical client agreements with

Southern Illinois Workers, Inc. (SIW) 1 and Speed SEJA School District 802 (the School

District), 2 which provided that B&R was a “co-employer” with SIW and the School District,

respectively, and that B&R would “become the administrative employer and assume certain

employer responsibilities,” while SIW and the School District (referred to in the contracts as

“Co-Employers”) “shall be the operational employer[s] with responsibility for directing the day

to day operations of Co-Employer including work assignments.” The agreements stated that “Co-

Employer acknowledges that [B&R] employs the employees covered by agreement, with respect

to workers compensation risk management and coverage only.” B&R was responsible for

obtaining workers’ compensation insurance coverage for all verified employees, managing any

claims, and for certain risk management responsibilities. All other employer responsibilities

        1
           The copy of the client agreement attached to LM’s motion for summary judgment that purports
to be between B&R and SIW designates “Southeastern Residential Alternatives Inc” as the “client.” The
first page states that the inception date, agreement date, and commencement date is June 20, 2013. The
signature page, however, contains the signature of Audrey Miller on behalf of SIW, and is dated July 16,
2013. Neither party offers any explanation for this.
         2
           LM points out that the client agreement between B&R and the School District that appears in the
record is not signed, a fact that was included in a footnote to LM’s motion for summary judgment.
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remained with SIW and the School District, including hiring, safety training, provision of safety

equipment, and all payroll functions.

¶4     On or about October 3, 2013, pursuant to the client agreements, B&R applied for

workers’ compensation insurance coverage through the Illinois Workers’ Compensation

Insurance Plan (the Plan), which is administered by the National Council on Compensation

Insurance (the NCCI). The Plan provides a method for employers to obtain workers’

compensation insurance coverage through the residual market when they cannot obtain it on their

own. The NCCI binds coverage and then assigns the risk to a servicing carrier. LM Insurance

Corporation (LM) is a servicing carrier for the Plan. In its application, B&R represented that it

was a professional employer organization (PEO) that had coemployment relationships with SIW

and the School District, among others. The NCCI bound coverage and assigned the risk to LM,

and LM issued a policy effective October 3, 2013, through October 3, 2014 (the policy). The

policy lists B&R as the insured. Based on the representation that B&R was a PEO, several

employee leasing endorsements (policy endorsements) were issued showing B&R’s clients. The

School District was listed in these policy endorsements, but for some unknown reason, SIW was

omitted.

¶5     Each policy endorsement provides: “This endorsement applies only with respect to leased

workers provided by you to the lessee (client) shown below under an employee leasing

arrangement. This endorsement does not provide coverage for workers that you lease to other

clients or for your employees that you do not lease to any client.” The endorsement then defines

certain words and phrases. “Employee leasing arrangement” is defined as “a contractual

arrangement, including long-term temporary arrangements whereby a lessor obligates itself to

perform specified employer responsibilities as to leased employees including the securing of

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workers’ compensation insurance.” “Long-term temporary arrangement” is defined as “an

arrangement where 1 company leases all or a majority of workers from another for a period in

excess of 6 months or consecutive periods equal to or greater than 1 year.” The policy

endorsements define “lessor (employee leasing company)” as “an entity that leases any of its

workers to a lessee through an employment leasing arrangement. A lessor may also be referred to

as a labor contractor.” Finally, “lessee (client company)” is defined as “an entity that obtains any

of its workforce from another entity through an employee leasing arrangement.” The policy

endorsement’s definitions recite verbatim the definitions of those same terms set forth in section

15 of the Employee Leasing Company Act (215 ILCS 113/15 (West 2012)). 3

¶6      Between October 10 and October 31, 2013, defendants Billy Sudduth and Christopher

Conover both suffered injuries during the scope of their employment with SIW, and defendants

John Lewis, Donyetta Jones, and Calvin Works each suffered injuries during the scope of their

employment with the School District. All five individuals submitted applications for adjustment

of claims with the Illinois Workers’ Compensation Commission. B&R tendered each of the

claims to LM.

¶7      On November 4, 2013, the NCCI informed LM that B&R was no longer eligible for

coverage because of noncompliance with a prior carrier, 4 and LM cancelled the policy effective

December 13, 2013. LM conducted an audit to determine B&R’s final premium. The final

premium is determined based on the actual payroll of the insured’s employees and any uninsured

        3
          The only difference is that the policy endorsements do not include a definition of “leased
workers,” whereas the Employee Leasing Company Act defines a “ ‘leased employee’ or ‘worker’ ” as “a
person performing services for a lessee under an employee leasing arrangement.” 215 ILCS 113/15 (West
2012).
        4
          Although it does not affect our analysis, LM’s appellant’s brief states that this occurred on
November 4, 2014, a date that is repeated elsewhere in the record. But we note that given the timeline of
events, particularly the filing of the complaint in March 2014, we believe that the “2014” is a
typographical error and infer that LM was informed on November 4, 2013.
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subcontractors during the policy period. B&R did not file a payroll for any of its clients because

the clients paid the payroll under their own federal Employer Identification Numbers. LM

calculated B&R’s payroll exposure as zero, since LM determined that B&R had no leased

employees. LM then refunded B&R’s deposit premium. Because LM determined that B&R had

no lessor relationship with its clients’ employees, the policy endorsements were retroactively

amended to remove B&R’s clients, including SIW, the School District, and the claimants, from

coverage under the policy.

¶8     On March 3, 2014, LM filed this declaratory judgment action in the circuit court, seeking

a declaration that it had no duty to defend or indemnify any of the individual claims against SIW

or the School District because the individual claimants were not employees of B&R (counts I

and II). LM also sought rescission of the policy based on B&R’s misrepresentations that it was

an employer that leased workers to SIW and the School District (count III).

¶9     LM moved for summary judgment on counts I and II, arguing that there was no coverage

under the policy for the individual claims because B&R was not an employee leasing company

that employed the claimants. LM therefore argued that it properly revised the policy

endorsements to remove coverage for SIW and the School District’s employees. LM argued that

there should be no coverage where the policy endorsements were amended after LM’s audit

revealed that B&R had no payroll for the employees of SIW or the School District and that B&R

had no employer-employee relationship with those employees. LM also argued that, in order to

meet the terms of the policy endorsement, employees of SIW and the School District must

actually be B&R’s employees and B&R must have acted as a lessor by leasing its own

employees to SIW and the School District. LM argued that the agreements between B&R and

SIW or the School District did not describe their relationship as an “employee leasing

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agreement” and in fact did not even contain the word “lease.” Because B&R only agreed to

provide workers’ compensation insurance and risk management guidance and undertook no other

employer function, LM argued that B&R was not an employer of any of SIW or the School

District’s employees, including the claimants, and thus could not lease those employees to

anyone.

¶ 10   B&R filed a cross-motion for summary judgment, which the School District joined,

requesting that the trial court find coverage for all the individual claims. Defendants argued that

the policy endorsements attached to the policy were forms prepared by the NCCI, which were

modeled on the language of the Employee Leasing Company Act. Defendants argued that the

client agreements between B&R and SIW and the School District were employee leasing

arrangements as defined under section 15 of the Employee Leasing Company Act (215 ILCS

113/15 (West 2012)), which in turn would satisfy the policy endorsements and provide coverage.

¶ 11   The trial court requested additional briefing regarding the Employee Leasing Company

Act’s “requirement that the lessee ‘obtain’ workers from the lessor.” LM’s supplemental brief

argued that the ordinary meaning of “obtain” is “to bring into one’s possession; to procure, esp.

through effort.” Defendants argued that the term “lessee,” as used in the Employee Leasing

Company Act, provides “context to understand an ‘employee leasing arrangement.’ ” Defendants

argued that because B&R was licensed under the Employee Leasing Company Act, it was a

“lessor” and, as a co-employer, B&R was obligated to perform certain responsibilities in relation

to SIW and the School District’s employees such that coverage should be afforded under the

policy endorsements.

¶ 12   On March 11, 2015, the trial court entered a written order finding that B&R met the

definition of an employee leasing company under section 15 of the Employee Leasing Company

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Act (215 ILCS 113/15 (West 2012)) and that LM’s retroactive removal of the School District

from the policy endorsement was improper. The trial court went on to find that “this resolves the

issue of coverage as to the School District, which was explicitly listed on the Policy’s Employee

Leasing Endorsement.” The trial court also found that, even though SIW was omitted from the

policy’s endorsements, under Travelers Insurance v. Precision Cabinets, Inc., 2012 IL App (2d)

110258WC, B&R’s failure to secure a policy endorsement that included SIW as a client did not

defeat coverage for SIW under the policy and “LM is obligated to cover Sudduth and Conover’s

claims.” In finding B&R’s estoppel defense moot, the trial court found “for the reasons stated in

the discussion, the Court finds that LM must defend and indemnify SIW for Sudduth’s claims”

and concluded “[LM’s] motion for summary judgment is denied, defendant’s motion for

summary judgment is granted. All issues in this case are resolved.” LM timely filed this appeal.

¶ 13                                   ANALYSIS

¶ 14   As an initial matter, we have an independent duty to determine our jurisdiction. In re

Marriage of Crecos, 2015 IL App (1st) 132756, ¶ 16. Our jurisdiction is limited to final

judgments (Cole v. Hoogendoorn, Talbot, Davids, Godfrey & Milligan, 325 Ill. App. 3d 1152,

1153 (2001)), and a final judgment is one that disposes of the rights of the parties, either upon

the entire controversy or some definite and separate part of it. In re Guardianship of J.D., 376 Ill.

App. 3d 673, 676 (2007). Here, LM appeals from the order granting summary judgment in favor

of defendants as to counts I and II of LM’s amended complaint requesting a declaration that

there was no duty to defend or indemnify SIW and the School District under the applicable

policy. That order, however, does not expressly address count III, in which LM sought rescission

of the policy based upon B&R’s representations that it leased employees to SIW and the School

District. We find the question of whether there is a duty to defend and indemnify is a separate

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and distinct issue from whether LM is entitled to rescind its contract of insurance due to material

misrepresentations made by B&R. Furthermore, the trial court’s order states that “all issues in

this case are resolved,” and we understand that to mean that summary judgment was granted in

favor of defendants on count III. For these reasons, we find that we have jurisdiction pursuant to

Illinois Supreme Court Rules 301 (eff. Feb. 1, 1994) and 303(a) (eff. June 4, 2008).

¶ 15   On appeal, LM raises two related arguments. First, LM argues that B&R was not an

employer of the claimant employees of SIW or the School District under any common-law or

statutory definition of “employer” and therefore there was no coverage because the policy

endorsements were properly retroactively revised to reflect that B&R had no leased employees

during the policy period. LM argues that B&R could not obtain workers’ compensation

insurance on behalf of SIW or the School District’s employees regardless of whether B&R was a

licensed employee leasing company because the Employee Leasing Company Act does not

create or define employer status but instead merely regulates the employee leasing/PEO

business. LM claims that “it is the employer—and no other—that has an insurable interest in its

workers” and B&R could be an employer only if it met the definition of a common-law employer

or a statutory employer. Second, LM argues that summary judgment should not have been

granted in favor of defendants because there were genuine issues of material fact as to whether a

lessor/lessee relationship existed between B&R and its clients SIW and the School District.

Stated differently, if B&R had no employees it could not lease employees to either client.

¶ 16   We note that LM regularly fails to cite the record or authority in support of its

contentions. This has presented challenges in understanding and evaluating LM’s arguments. We

do not find, however, that LM’s violations are severe enough to warrant forfeiture, as its

appellant’s brief does provide some citations of the record and supporting authority, and the

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responses filed by B&R and the School District sufficiently apprise us of their positions. We also

recognize that there is little case law on this particular topic. We therefore will address the merits

of LM’s arguments on appeal.

¶ 17   Summary judgment is appropriate where “the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on

file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact

and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” 735 ILCS 5/2-1005(c)

(West 2014). A party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of production and

may satisfy it by either showing that some element of the case must be resolved in its favor or

that there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party’s case. Nedzvekas v. Fung,

374 Ill. App. 3d 618, 624 (2007). Once the moving party satisfies that initial burden, the burden

shifts to the nonmoving party to come forward with some factual basis that would entitle it to a

favorable judgment. Id. A trial court’s ruling on summary judgment is reviewed de novo.

Standard Mutual Insurance Co. v. Lay, 2013 IL 114617, ¶ 15. This court reviews the trial court’s

judgment, not its reasoning. Leonardi v. Loyola University of Chicago, 168 Ill. 2d 83, 97 (1995).

Additionally, when interpreting an insurance policy, our primary objective is to give effect to the

intention of the parties as expressed in the policy language. Hobbs v. Hartford Insurance Co. of

the Midwest, 214 Ill. 2d 11, 17 (2005).

¶ 18   LM filed this declaratory action seeking a declaration that it had no duty to defend or

indemnify B&R under the policy and the endorsements, contending that B&R had no employees

and therefore could not lease its employees to either of its clients, SIW and the School District.

LM brought this action after B&R tendered the defense of claims filed in the Illinois Workers’

Compensation Commission by certain claimants. B&R claims that it is a “co-employer,” along

with SIW and the School District, to the claimants and that the policy issued by LM covers the

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claims. LM contends otherwise. Thus, the first question before the trial court was

straightforward: did LM have a duty to defend the tendered claims pending in the Workers’

Compensation Commission? If there is a duty to defend, LM is obligated to defend before the

Commission where one of the issues to be resolved is whether the claimants suffered

employment-related injuries (TTC Illinois, Inc./Tom Via Trucking v. Illinois Workers’

Compensation Comm’n, 396 Ill. App. 3d 344, 356 (2009)) and if so, assess liability against the

claimant’s employer. The “ultimate decisionmaker” of these questions is the Commission.

Roberson v. Industrial Comm’n, 225 Ill. 2d 159, 173 (2007).

¶ 19   The claimant’s underlying workers’ compensation claims alleged that they were injured

during the scope of their employment. At the time of the alleged injuries, the policy provided

workers’ compensation insurance to those employees leased by B&R to its clients. In our view,

this satisfies the threshold issue of whether the claimants’ claims fall within or potentially within

the policy’s coverage sufficient to find a duty to defend under the policy. Outboard Marine

Corp. v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 154 Ill. 2d 90, 108 (1992). As such, we affirm summary

judgment in favor of defendants on the issue of LM’s duty to defend the underlying actions

pending before the Commission.

¶ 20   The next question before the trial court was whether LM had a duty to indemnify B&R,

SIW, and the School District for any liability for the claimants’ claims. The issue of employer

liability is a decision for the Commission to make. 820 ILCS 305/18 (West 2014). There is no

question that B&R, SIW, and the School District contend that a coemployer relationship exists

under their respective agreements. B&R contends that it is a duly licensed PEO under the

Employee Leasing Company Act and that a borrower/lender relationship existed that was

covered under the policy. The Commission, however, has yet to determine the legal effect of this

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position as it relates to employer liability with respect to the claimants. See Continental Western

Insurance Co. v. Knox County EMS, Inc., 2016 IL App (1st) 143083, ¶ 20 (citing Keating v. 68th

& Paxton, L.L.C., 401 Ill. App. 3d 456, 468 (2010) (discussing the exclusive jurisdiction of the

Commission on questions falling within its expertise, including the existence of an employment

relationship). It is the Commission that determines employer liability and, as between joint

employers, determines primary and secondary liability. See Corrugated Metals, Inc. v. Industrial

Comm’n, 184 Ill. App. 3d 549 (1989). Therefore, the trial court’s finding that LM has a duty to

indemnify under the policy was premature and must await a final determination by the

Commission. See Outboard Marine, 154 Ill. 2d at 127 (finding “the question of whether the

insurer has a duty to indemnify the insured for a particular liability is only ripe for consideration

if the insured has already incurred liability in the underlying claim against it”).

¶ 21   LM argued in the trial court that the agreements between B&R and SIW and the School

District did not meet the definition of an employee leasing arrangement as defined under the

policy endorsement, arguing that the agreements were silent as B&R’s role as a lessor and that

B&R did not lease any employees to SIW or the School District. In response, defendants argued

that B&R was required to undertake specified employer responsibilities under the coemployment

agreement and this was sufficient to establish a coemployer relationship. We note, however, that

defendants did not address how, without having any employees on its payroll, B&R was acting

as a lessor and offered no explanation of how B&R could be considered a lessor for purposes of

the policy endorsement or under section 15 of the Employee Leasing Company Act (215 ILCS

113/15 (West 2012). In any event, it is for the Commission to make the determination of

employer liability, if any, and whether liability falls on a single employer or whether liability is

joint and several between employers of the respective claimants. See 820 ILCS 305/1(a)(4)

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(West 2014).

¶ 22   Finally, by filing this declaratory judgment action, LM not only preserved its right to

contest indemnity in the event that the Commission determines the claimants’ employer is liable

for any injuries but also preserved its right to pursue rescission of the policy due to some

misrepresentation during the application process. See Those Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s v.

Professional Underwriters Agency, Inc., 364 Ill. App. 3d 975, 983-84 (2006). As discussed

above, the trial court prematurely decided the issue of indemnity. But the trial court also erred by

effectively granting summary judgment in favor of B&R on LM’s claim for rescission. The trial

court granted summary judgment in favor of defendants after finding that B&R met the

definition of an employee leasing company under section 15 of the Employee Leasing Company

Act (215 ILCS 113/15 (West 2012)), which thus satisfied the policy endorsement. This resolved

the issue of whether LM had a duty to defend under the policy, which is a separate issue from

whether LM had a legal basis to rescind the policy. LM sought rescission of the policy on the

basis that B&R made material misrepresentations regarding whether it leased its employees to its

clients as a PEO and argues that it properly removed B&R’s clients from the endorsement

because an audit revealed B&R’s clients’ employees were not on B&R’s payroll. B&R, on the

other hand, argues the agreements with SIW and the School District established a coemployer

relationship sufficient to come within the terms and conditions of the LM policy. Whether B&R

leased any of its employees goes to heart of whether B&R made any misrepresentations to LM,

and it requires a factual determination that the trial court should not have resolved on summary

judgment. Therefore it was error to enter summary judgment in favor of defendants on count III.

¶ 23                                  CONCLUSION

¶ 24   For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s judgment in favor of defendants that

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LM has a duty to defend B&R, SIW, and the School District before the Commission, we reverse

the judgment of the trial court in favor of defendants finding LM has a duty to indemnify under

the terms of the policy at issue, and we reverse the judgment in favor of defendants on LM’s

claim for rescission. We remand for further proceedings consistent with this order.

¶ 25   Affirmed in part; reversed in part; remanded for further proceedings.

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