Court Opinion

ID: 5462960
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-09 19:41:55.184382+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:32:58.594650
License: Public Domain

Hardin, J.
The principal question in this case is whether the plaintiff, Alice S. Magee, is entitled to receive out of her late husband’s estate $5,000 per year during her life or widowhood, or the sum of $10,000, in virtue of the instrument of settlement dated 37th October, 1871, and the codicil dated 30th of October, 1871.
In considering this question it must be assumed that the instrument of 37th of October, 1871, was valid, and such an one as the parties might lawfully enter into. They had actually separated, and were living apart at the time such agreement was made.
The agreement was therefore valid; and it was competent for the parties to bind themselves to the stipulations found in that instrument. (Carson v. Murray, 3 Paige, 501, and cases there cited.)
The covenant to pay $500 per year, if said Alice “ shall rent and keep a house on her own account and occupy ' the same as her residence ” is contingent; she must rent and keep house, before the covenant becomes operative, and nothing becomes due her by reason of such covenant to pay $500 towards the rent “during and while she shall so rent and keep house as aforesaid,” until she rents and keeps house.
No proof was given to establish her right to receive any sum as accrued to her by reason of any breach of that covenant. Nothing was due her thereon at the time *491the codicil was prepared and executed by the deceased husband.
But the covenant to pay an annuity of $5,000 was not contingent. It was absolute, and the liability to pay was fixed and settled the moment the instrument was executed, on the 27th day of October, 1871. The husband was under an operative covenant, and he and his estate were chargeable with the observance of the covenant, liable to bq defeated only by her death, subsequent marriage or the divorce of the parties by a decree of the courts of the state of New York. Beyond this fixed and absolute covenant to pay $5,000 per year, the deceased husband stipulated that for the further securing the prompt and regular payments, he “will make and execute in due form of law a valid last will and testament, and keep the same at all times in force, in and by which he shall provide for the fulfilment on his part of this instrument, and make the payments therein provided for a lien and charge upon his estate.” The obligation was thus cast upon the deceased to “semre” the covenant by a testamentary provision—to be by him made in his behalf “for the fulfilment on his part of this instrument.” Suppose he had delayed making any testamentary provision “in fulfilment on his part,” and had continued in life, and she had sought by action to enforce the obligation to make such testamentary provision, and had succeeded in obtaining a decree requiring such provision, and it has been made under such decree ; could it be doubted that it was simply in aid of his covenant, and in execution of his obligation to thus provide %
Inasmuch as the provision in the codicil contains no reference to the agreement, and does not declare, in terms, the intention of the testator to comply with his covenant to further provide for the payment of the annuity of $5,000, it is proper to look at all the surrounding circumstances, the terms of the agreement, the *492relations of the wife and husband at the time the agreement and codicil were made, the state of feeling then existing between them, to ascertain the intention of the testator at the time the codicil was made and executed. He had solemnly covenanted to provide for the fulfilment of the agreement on his part. The codicil, so far as the $5,000 was concernéd, was in the direction of the fulfilment of the obligation he had made with Mrs. Magee. There are no facts or circuya stances disclosed in the case indicative of an intention on his part to do better by her than he had covenanted to do, when settling the suit she had pending against him for separation and alimony, at the time it was made. He had made himself legally liable to pay her $5,000; he had created a liability which must rest upon his estate, in case of his death; and in the agreement he had stipulated to secure the payment of the $5,000 by a testamentary provisten. He had not taken the agreement with him from Syracuse; he called for his will, and caused to be drawn a revocation of the former legacy to his wife made in November, 1870. He caused it to be drawn in language which was ample to further secure her $5,000 per year; it was put in form by the scrivener, and he then executed it, and it remained valid at his death in April, 1873.
No effort was made by his wife to have any other provision inserted in his will to further secure her the $5,000 covenanted to be provided for by will. Nor does it appear that she had any knowledge of the codicil, until after his death.
All these facts, circumstances, and the provisions of the contract, being considered, it is difficult to draw a presumption from the codicil thus made, that the testator intended to do more than he had, three days before, covenanted to do for his wife. There are no circumstances disclosed, of a state of feeling or mind that may be supposed to have influenced him to greater con*493sideration towards her on the 30th of October, 1871, than he possessed on the 27th of October, when he was only willing to bind himself and his estate with the payment of an annuity of $5,000.
In the case in 3 Paige, (supra,) the chancellor says : “ The testator speaks of his wife in terms of great kindness and affection, notwithstanding the separation. I must therefore presume it was his intention to give her this as an additional allowance for her support, or as an inducement to her to relinquish her legal claim of dower, and thus to prevent any future litigation upon the question whether she was bound to elect between the annuity and her dower.”
Ho such expressions of kindly feeling towards the wife are found in Magee’s will, nor disclosed by the evidence, here. Ho need for any further inducement to his wife to relinquish her dower or other claim upon his estate.
All such relinquishment and release had been given him by his wife, three days before the codicil was prepared.
These circumstances, as well as others, distinguish this case from the principles and results laid down by the chancellor in Carson v. Murray, (supra.)
The circumstances and facts here warrant the presumption that the $5,000 named in the codicil was intended to comply with the agreement to provide for that sum, and that it was inserted in the codicil as an intended fulfilment of the agreement, and that it should be held a satisfaction of the agreement, pro tanto, if availed of by the wife. (Mulheran's Executor v. Gillespie, 12 Wend., 349.)
The cases cited by the learned counsel for the plaintiff, in respect to slight inequalities in the two provisions, have not been overlooked. But the rule laid down by Allew, J., in Hine v. Hine, (39 Bario., 507,) seems to be reasonable, and must be followed.
*494Allen, J., says, at page 510:
“If they are substantially the same, a small variance in the time of payment, or other trifling difference, will not vary the application of the rule.” (Story’s Equity, § 1110. 7 Vesey, 508.)
The proofs in this case fail to show an intent on the part of the testator to donate an additional sum — to be more liberal and generous with the wife than the terms of the agreement, and therefore it must be held that the testator was discharging his legal obligation in accordance with his sense of justice, when he raised the legacy from $2,500 to $5,000, and made the liability of his estate to his wife by the codicil equal to the fixed and absolute covenant. The omission to provide for the contingent liability to pay rental, leaves the agreement in that regard unaffected by the codicil; and when the facts precedent to her rights to the rental covenant arise, she will be entitled to assert and enforce them under the agreement.
The declarations of the testator to Mr. Bush, the scrivener who drew the codicil, were offered by the defendants, to establish the intention of the testator at the time he made the codicil. They were objected to by the plaintiff, and the question as to their admissibility reserved.
The declarations of intent ought not to be received. (Williams v. Cary, 4 Wend., 451.) Savage, Ch. J., says: “Parol testimony is inadmissible for some purposes, but for others it is indispensable. It cannot be received to give a construction to the language of a will, but to prove circumstances from which the court may draw inferences or presumptions.” The language of the codicil to the will in this case is clear; no question arises as to the phraseology used ; no uncertain or ambiguous words are employed. The objection must therefore be sustained. But the facts and circumstances surrounding the parties, and the circumstances under which the codicil was executed were received, and must *495be allowed to stand in the case; and they may be looked into in determining what inferences and presumptions arise. (Trustees v. Colgrove, 4 Hun, 367, and the cases cited in opinion of E. D. Smith, J.) These views lead to the conclusion that the plaintiff is entitled to receive only $5,000 annuity, and she may have a provision inserted in the decree, if she shall serve a stipulation before entering the same, declaring her purpose to rely upon the codicil, or upon the agreement to enforce the payment of the annuity.
The decree must also preserve to the plaintiff the right to enforce the $500 rental covenant whenever she shall bring herself within its terms.
Inasmuch as the decree will settle her rights, and give her the right to enforce them, and establish the extent of the liability of the defendants as executors, the judgment may be entered by the plaintiff in accordance with the views herein expressed, with costs payable out of the estate in the hands of the executors, the defendants.
Judgment accordingly.