Court Opinion

ID: 9366705
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-01-27 18:08:13.802143+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:15:54.590230
License: Public Domain

J-S41005-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    MARTIN DARTOE                              :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 622 MDA 2022

         Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 18, 2022
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-40-CR-0001917-2020

BEFORE:      LAZARUS, J., MURRAY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                          FILED: JANUARY 27, 2023

        Martin Dartoe appeals from the judgment of sentence, entered in the

Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County, following his convictions of driving

under the influence (DUI),1 driving with a suspended license,2 and driving

without required light.3       After careful review, we vacate the judgment of

sentence and remand for further proceedings.

        On January 9, 2020, shortly after 10:00 p.m., Officer Stephan Wengen,

a police officer for the City of Wilkes-Barre, was on patrol with Officer Shawn

Yelland. While patrolling Grove Street, they observed a Saturn idling on the

____________________________________________

*   Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1   75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3802(a)(1).

2   Id. at § 1543(b)(1)(i).

3   Id. at § 4302.
J-S41005-22

side of the roadway, with its headlights on. As the officers drove past the

vehicle, they were able to identify Dartoe as the driver. Both officers were

familiar with Dartoe and knew that Dartoe’s license was suspended.            The

officers verified with PennDOT that Dartoe’s license was suspended.

        Dartoe turned off the Saturn’s headlights and began to enter the

roadway on Grove Street heading towards Stanton Street.              The officers

initiated a traffic stop due to Dartoe’s suspended license and his failure to use

headlights at night. As Officer Wengen approached the vehicle, he smelled a

strong odor of alcohol and observed that Dartoe had bloodshot and glassy

eyes.     It took Dartoe several minutes to procure his identification and

information.    During this time, Officer Wenger observed that Dartoe was

fumbling with his wallet, dropped it at least once, and appeared to have a

difficult time retrieving his identification from his wallet.

        The officers asked Dartoe to exit the vehicle and conducted field sobriety

tests, which Dartoe failed. Dartoe was taken to the DUI center to perform a

breathalyzer. At the center, Sergeant Joseph Ziegler read Dartoe the DL-26A

form and, per the form, advised Dartoe that silence was considered a refusal

to consent to the breathalyzer test. After reading the form, Dartoe indicated

that he would take the test, but did not breathe into the machine.            The

machine registered this as a “failure.” Sergeant Ziegler read Dartoe the form

again and asked Dartoe if he would like to try again. Dartoe did not breathe

into the machine and did not acknowledge Sergeant Ziegler.

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      On June 21, 2021, Dartoe proceeded to a jury trial, after which he was

convicted of the above-mentioned offenses.            The trial court deferred

sentencing and ordered the preparation of a pre-sentence investigation report.

On March 18, 2022, for his DUI conviction, the trial court sentenced Dartoe,

to a period of twelve months of house arrest, sixty months of IPP, and a

$2,500.00 fine. At his conviction for subsection 1543(b)(1)(i), driving with a

suspended license, the trial court sentenced Dartoe to a period of 90 days

house arrest, consecutive to his DUI sentence, and a $1,000.00 fine. For his

conviction of driving without required light, the trial court sentenced Dartoe

to pay a $25.00 fine. Dartoe was also ordered to undergo a drug and alcohol

evaluation and follow any recommendations, and to complete alcohol highway

safety school.

      On March 23, 2022, Dartoe filed a post-sentence motion challenging the

constitutionality of subsection 1543(b)(1)(i). On March 29, 2022, the trial

court denied Dartoe’s post-sentence motion. Dartoe filed a timely notice of

appeal to this Court and a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement

of errors complained of on appeal.

      Dartoe now raises the following claim for our review: “Did the trial court

impose an illegal sentence of 90 days of house arrest no matter whether the

sentence   was    imposed    under   75   Pa.C.S.A.   §   1543(b)(1)(ii)   or   [§]

1543(b)(1.1)(i) because the sentencing statute is unconstitutionally vague?”

Brief for Appellant, at 2.

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      Dartoe raises two sub-claims, which we address together. First, Dartoe

argues that he “appears to have been sentenced under § 1543(b)(1.1)(i).”

Id. at 9. Dartoe further asserts that he “may also have been sentenced under

subsection (b)(1)(ii).” Id. Dartoe argues that a sentence of 90 days’ house

arrest and a mandatory minimum fine of $1,000.00 is an illegal sentence

under either of those subsections. Id. In essence, Dartoe’s first argument is

based upon the premise that the trial court mistakenly sentenced him under

a subsection for which he was not convicted. Id. at 6-12. Additionally, Dartoe

argues that, even if the trial court did not sentence him under either

subsection 1543(b)(1.1)(1) or (b)(1)(ii), his sentence is nevertheless illegal

because it does not match the sentencing scheme under any subsection. Id.

at 11-12.   In his second sub-claim, Dartoe claims that his sentence is

unconstitutional because subsections 1543(b)(1.1)(1) and (b)(1)(ii) have

both been deemed unconstitutional. See id. (citing Commonwealth v. Eid,

249 A.3d 1030, 1044 (Pa. 2021); Commonwealth v. Jackson, 271 A.3d

1286 (Pa. Super. 2022)).

      We note that Dartoe’s claims were not preserved in his Rule 1925(b)

concise statement.   However, Dartoe’s claims challenge the legality of his

sentence, and, thus, cannot be waived. See Commonwealth v. Jones, 932

A.2d 179, 182 (Pa. Super. 2007).

      We adhere to the following standard of review:

      Issues relating to the legality of a sentence are questions of law.
      When the legality of a sentence is at issue, our standard of review
      over such questions is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.

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      If no statutory authorization exists for a particular sentence, that
      sentence is illegal and subject to correction. An illegal sentence
      must be vacated.

Commonwealth v. Ramos, 197 A.3d 766, 768-69 (Pa. Super. 2018)

(internal citations, quotations, and ellipses omitted).

      The Motor Vehicle Code provides, in relevant part:

      (a) Offense defined.--Except as provided in subsection (b), any
      person who drives a motor vehicle on any highway or trafficway
      of this Commonwealth after the commencement of a suspension,
      revocation or cancellation of the operating privilege and before the
      operating privilege has been restored is guilty of a summary
      offense and shall, upon conviction or adjudication of delinquency,
      be sentenced to pay a fine of $200.

      (b) Certain offenses.--

         (1) The following shall apply:

            (i) A person who drives a motor vehicle on a highway
            or trafficway of this Commonwealth at a time when
            the person’s operating privilege is suspended or
            revoked as a condition of acceptance of Accelerated
            Rehabilitative Disposition for a violation of section
            3802 (relating to [DUI]) or the former section 3731,
            because of a violation of section 1547(b)(1) (relating
            to suspension for refusal) or 3802 or former section
            3731 or is suspended under section 1581 (relating to
            Driver’s License Compact) for an offense substantially
            similar to a violation of section 3802 or former section
            3731 shall, upon a first conviction, be guilty of a
            summary offense and shall be sentenced to pay a fine
            of $500 and to undergo imprisonment for a period of
            not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days.

75 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 1543(a)-(b)(1)(i).

      First, we conclude that the trial court did not “mistakenly” sentence

Dartoe under either subsection 1543(b)(1.1)(i) or (b)(1)(ii).          Rather, the

record clearly reflects that Dartoe was convicted and sentenced under

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subsection 1543(b)(1)(i).           See Criminal Information, 10/5/20, at 1;

Sentencing Order, 3/18/22, at 1. However, it is equally clear that the trial

court imposed an illegal sentence under subsection 1543(b)(1)(i) where that

statutory subsection prescribes a $500.00 fine, not a $1,000.00 fine. See 75

Pa.C.S.A. § 1543(b)(1)(i). Moreover, the Commonwealth has conceded that

the trial court imposed an illegal sentence at Dartoe’s conviction under

subsection 1543(b)(1)(i). See Brief for Appellee, at 8-13.

       Regarding Dartoe’s second sub-claim, we observe that Eid, supra, and

Jackson, supra, have no impact on the instant case, because Dartoe was

charged     and    convicted      under    subsection   1543(b)(1)(i).   As   the

Commonwealth notes in its brief, this Court has previously declined to extend

Eid and Jackson to subsection 1543(b)(1)(i).4            See Commonwealth v.

White, 268 A.3d 499, 502 (Pa. Super. 2022).

       We conclude that Dartoe’s sentence is not unconstitutional based upon

the rationale in Eid and Jackson. Rather, Dartoe’s sentence is illegal because

his sentence violates the mandatory maximum sentence outlined in subsection

1543(b)(1)(i).

____________________________________________

4 Our Supreme Court in Eid held that subsection 1543(b)(1.1)(i)               was
unconstitutional as unconstitutionally vague and inoperable. See Eid,         249
A.3d 1030, 1044. Under similar rationale, this Court, in Jackson held         that
subsection 1543(b)(1)(ii) was unconstitutionally vague and inoperable.        See
Jackson, 271 A.3d 1286, 1288.

                                           -6-
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     Accordingly, we vacate Dartoe’s judgment of sentence, and remand for

the trial court to sentence Dartoe under the parameters set forth under

subsection 1543(b)(1)(i).

     Judgment of sentence vacated. Case remanded for further proceedings

consistent with this memorandum. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 01/27/2023

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