Court Opinion

ID: 1879030
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-30 07:42:13.99836+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:58:16.760785
License: Public Domain

416 B.R. 333 (2009)
In re ANCTIL PLUMBING & MECHANICAL CONTRACTORS, INC., Debtor.
In re Anctil Leasing, LLP, Debtor.
In re Robert Anctil, Debtor.
Nos. 05-17495-WCH, 05-21832-WCH, 05-21817-WCH.
United States Bankruptcy Court, D. Massachusetts, Eastern Division.
March 10, 2009.
Opinion Denying Reconsideration In Part April 28, 2009.
*336 Enrique G. Colbert, Gordon N. Schultz, Schultz & Company, Boston, MA, Walter J. Onacewicz, Nair & Levin, P.C., Bloomfield, CT, for Debtors.

MEMORANDUM OF DECISION
WILLIAM C. HILLMAN, Bankruptcy Judge.

I. INTRODUCTION

The matters before the Court are the Application of Schultz & Company For Allowance of Compensation and Reimbursement of Expenses as Counsel to the Chapter 11 Debtor Robert Anctil (the "Individual Fee Application"), the Application of Schultz & Company For Allowance of Compensation and Reimbursement of Expenses as Counsel to the Chapter 11 Anctil Plumbing & Mechanical Contractors, Inc. (the "Corporate Fee Application") filed by Gordon N. Schultz and Schultz & Company (collectively, "Schultz"), and the objections thereto filed by Donald R. Lassman, the Chapter 7 trustee of the estates of Anctil Plumbing & Mechanical Contractors, Inc. (the "Corporation"), Anctil Leasing, LLP ("Leasing"), and Robert Anctil ("Anctil") (collectively, the "Debtors"), (the "Trustee"). Through his objections, the Trustee asserts that the fees incurred preparing the Corporate Fee Application are excessive and unreasonable and that fees incurred during the pendency of Anctil's original Chapter 7 case prior to its conversion to Chapter 11 are nonrecoverable where he was not employed by the Trustee. For the reasons set forth below, I will sustain the objections and approve the Individual Fee Application and the Corporate Fee Application in part.
From the outset, I note that both fee applications are replete with mathematical errors. The spreadsheets attached to the Corporate Fee Application (the "Spreadsheets") contain numerous errors. Although the billing statements attached to the Individual Fee Application (the "Billing Statements") were produced using billing software, I am only able to reconcile the services and expenses listed with each statement's total and not the running "Balance Due."[1] The fee applications themselves fall victim to miscalculations generated from the time entries, and are also riddled with clerical and scrivener's errors. Despite spending over 50 hours preparing both the Corporate Fee Application and Individual Fee Application, the end result was sloppy and required a considerable expenditure of the Court's resources to review and correct. For purposes of this decision, I will reference only the corrected *337 values as the errors are too pervasive to identify individually.[2]

II. BACKGROUND

On August 19, 2005, the Corporation filed a voluntary Chapter 11 petition. The Corporation was in the business of providing plumbing and mechanical services to commercial construction projects. Leasing filed its Chapter 11 case on October 11, 2005. On November 8, 2005, I granted a motion to substantively consolidate the two cases. Anctil's individual case was filed under Chapter 7 on October 13, 2005. In January, 2006, Anctil moved to convert his case to Chapter 11 and to jointly administer his case with the Corporation's and Leasing's cases.[3] The motion was granted on January 20, 2006, and his case has been treated in parallel to the other two cases. On March 20, 2008, the consolidated case, as well as Anctil's jointly administered case, was converted to Chapter 7 upon an uncontested motion filed by the United States Trustee.[4]
Schultz filed each case on behalf of the Debtors. He was subsequently employed as counsel for the Corporation on September 19, 2005, and as counsel to Anctil on April 4, 2006. A Disclosure of Compensation Paid to Schultz was attached to each application for employment. The disclosure attached to the application for employment in the Corporation's case (the "Corporate 2016(b) Disclosure") indicated that Schultz received a pre-petition retainer of $20,000 (the "Pre-Petition Retainer"), from which $3,500 had been withdrawn for pre-petition services and $893 for the filing fee. Similarly, the disclosure attached to the application for employment in Anctil's case (the "Individual 2016(b) Disclosure") revealed that Schultz had received $1,509 prior to the petition date, and that Anctil agreed to pay a retainer of $8,400 for services to be rendered in connection with the Chapter 11 proceeding, $3,400 of which he had already paid. On May 9, 2008, Schultz amended the Individual 2016(b) Disclosure to reflect that $5,000 was inadvertently paid to Schultz from the Corporation's funds and were remitted to the Trustee.[5] Presently, the balance of either retainer is unclear.
On February 19, 2008, four days after the United States Trustee filed her Amended Motion to Convert, the Corporation paid Schultz $2,500 by a check drawn from the Corporation's debtor-in-possession account (the "Chapter 7 Retainer"). Schultz subsequently filed two statements disclosing that the Corporation paid $2,500 to Schultz as a "flat fee retainer," and that Anctil agreed to a fee of $2,500, of which nothing was paid.[6] On May 21, 2008, the Trustee filed an adversary proceeding seeking turnover under 11 U.S.C. § 542 or recovery of the Chapter 7 Retainer as an unauthorized post-petition transfer under 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550, asserting that *338 Schultz was not entitled to be paid from estate funds under 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1) because he was not employed by the Trustee.[7] He also sought to surcharge the fees and costs of that proceeding against the balance of the Pre-Petition Retainer paid to Schultz or, in the alternative, to surcharge those amounts against fees to be paid to Schultz in the principal case.
Schultz moved to dismiss the Trustee's complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, arguing that the Chapter 7 Retainer was appropriately paid under the "flat fee retainer exception" recognized by Lamie v. United States[8] and the subsequent decision by Judge Gorton of this District in In re CK Liquidation Corp.[9] After a hearing on the motion to dismiss, I took the matter under advisement. On September 15, 2008, I issued a Memorandum of Decision in which I stated:
[T]he Chapter 7 Retainer was, with a quiet nod to Lamie, denominated as a flat fee retainer. This, however, is an inadequate invocation of the exception as the Chapter 7 Retainer had been paid not only pre-conversion, but post-filing, and that makes all of the difference. When the petition is filed, property of the estate comes into being.[10]Lamie expressly states that 11 U.S.C. "§ 330(a)(1) does not authorize compensation awards to debtors' attorneys from estate funds unless they are employed as authorized by § 327." While perhaps a bit confusing on its face, this statement is completely consistent with the previously quoted dicta on which Schultz relies. The Supreme Court's conclusion that "[s]ection 330(a)(1) does not prevent a debtor from engaging counsel before a chapter 7 conversion and paying reasonable compensation in advance to ensure that the filing is in order," simply does not mean that 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1) specifically authorizes such a payment from property of the estate. Rather, it implicitly recognizes that individual debtors may have "property of the debtor" made up of exempt assets form which they could pay counsel for legal services performed in advance of a conversion to Chapter 7 while a bankruptcy case is pending under another chapter.[11]
Finding Schultz's position meritless, I denied the motion to dismiss and entered judgment for the Trustee.[12] Moreover, having found that surcharging the Trustee's legal fees against the Pre-Petitioner Retainer was appropriate, I approved the Trustee's application for interim fees in the amount of $4,987.50 on November 4, 2008.
Schultz filed the Corporate Fee Application and Individual Fee Application on November 24, 2008. Attached to each were copies of time entries, counsels' biographies, the Corporation's and Anctil's fee agreements, and the orders approving Schultz's employment in each Chapter 11 case. Additionally, the Individual Fee Application attached monthly Billing Statements as detailed time entries, while the Corporate Fee Application relied on the *339 Spreadsheets organized by project categories.
Through the Corporate Fee Application, Schultz requests allowance of fees in the amount of $109,060 and reimbursement of expenses of $4,778.71. As part of the fees requested, Schultz seeks payment of $8,910 for 48.4 hours spent between November 9, 2008, and November 24, 2008, preparing the Corporate Fee Application.[13] In support of these fees, Schultz explained that these services included "time spent by both attorneys and staff to manually segregate and allocate to the required Project Category and Narrative Sections, using an Excel Spreadsheet, each of the individual fee charges from each of the Statements regularly sent to the Debtor over the three-year (3) period of the engagement, and then the actual drafting[,] ECF filing, and service on the Debtor of the Fee Application."[14] The attached Spreadsheet relating to these fees provides only a daily breakdown of each person's time and does not describe any discrete tasks performed.[15] Schultz also requests reimbursement of the $893 Chapter 11 filing fee despite his prior disclosure that it was paid from the Pre-Petition Retainer.[16]
In the Individual Fee Application, Schultz seeks allowance of fees in the amount of $13,972.50 and reimbursement of expenses of $1,278.28 for services rendered in this case from November 3, 2005, to February 29, 2008.[17] Although not included in the Billing Statements, he explained that the total fees requested were increased by $1,375 to include the 3 hours spent preparing the Individual Fee Application and the estimated 2 hours for the hearing thereon.[18]
On December 12, 2008, the Trustee filed objections to both fee applications. In his objection to the Corporate Fee Application, the Trustee asserted that Schultz failed to disclose the exact balance of the Pre-Petition Retainer, that the Chapter 11 filing fee was already paid from the Pre-Petition Retainer, and that the fees charged to prepare the Corporate Fee Application are excessive and unreasonable. With respect to the Individual Fee Application, the Trustee objected to the recovery of any fees for legal services rendered in Anctil's original Chapter 7 case.[19] Two days later, Schultz filed a single response to both objections conceding an error regarding the Chapter 11 filing fee, but arguing that the fees incurred in preparing the Corporate Fee Application were reasonable under the circumstances and that the fees incurred in Anctil's original Chapter 7 case are recoverable as "pre-petition services."
I conducted a hearing on the fee applications and objections thereto on December 17, 2008. At the hearing, the parties stipulated that Schultz would file an affidavit itemizing receipts and disbursements with respect to the Pre-Petitioner Retainer account. *340 At the conclusion of oral argument, I took the matters under advisement.

III. POSITIONS OF THE PARTIES

The Trustee
First, the Trustee contends that 26.4 hours of attorney time and 22 hours of paralegal time, resulting in $8,910 in fees, to prepare a fee application in a small Chapter 11 case is unreasonable and excessive under 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(3). He asserts that despite using computerized billing software, which the Trustee contends automatically categorizes time and expense charges, Schultz essentially created a new bill from his prior billing statements, namely, the Spreadsheets, to attach to the Corporate Fee Application. The Trustee argues that preparation of a bill is simply part of the overhead of practicing law and therefore not compensable. Asserting that a reasonable charge to review billing worksheets and prepare a fee application in this case should not exceed $1,500, the Trustee states that he has no objection to allowing Schultz fees in that amount for this task.
Second, the Trustee argues that Schultz's request for fees incurred in Anctil's original Chapter 7 case is barred by Lamie and my prior decision in Lassman v. Schultz. Relying on those cases, he states that Schultz was not retained by the Trustee and therefore is not entitled to compensation from the estate for services rendered in the original Chapter 7 case. Moreover, the Trustee argues that it is irrelevant that the services rendered related to the conversion to Chapter 11 because only those employed under 11 U.S.C. § 327 are entitled to compensation from the estate.
Subject to the condition that Schultz file the stipulated affidavit regarding the Pre-Petition Retainer, the Trustee does not object to the balance of the fees in either fee application.

Schultz
In support of his fees incurred preparing the Corporate Fee Application, Schultz states that the individual time entries previously entered into his computerized billing system could no longer be accessed, and therefore categorized, when the Corporate Fee Application was prepared. As such, he was forced to re-enter and categorize them in a separate spreadsheet in addition to simply drafting the Corporate Fee Application. Under these circumstances, Schultz argues that approximately three days to prepare the Corporate Fee Application is not unreasonable. Moreover, even had the computerized entries been available, he contends that considerably more than $1,500 worth of time would have been spent reviewing those entries and preparing the Corporate Fee Application given the number of entries.
With respect to the fees incurred in Anctil's original Chapter 7 case, Schultz argues that Lamie is inapposite because no retainer is involved and the services were rendered in contemplation of conversion to Chapter 11. Schultz contends that these "pre-petition services" related to eligibility and other pre-filing considerations are within the proper scope of what is accomplished before a Chapter 11 case is filed and therefore should be compensable. Further, he asserts such services are evaluated under a reasonableness test rather than a benefit to the estate test. Additionally, Schultz notes that these services were referenced in the application for employment filed in the Corporation's case.[20]

*341 IV. DISCUSSION

"The standards for allowance of fees for actual and necessary services and reimbursement of expenses are well known to practitioners before this Court, and are set forth not only in numerous decisions in this circuit . . . but in 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(3)(A) as well. These standards will not be repeated here."[21]

A. Fees Incurred During the Debtors' Chapter 11 Cases

Despite the Debtors' conversion to Chapter 7, which resulted from the Corporation's failure to secure continued workers' compensation insurance, Schultz's services rendered during their Chapter 11 cases were necessary and beneficial to their estates. Due to his efforts, the Corporation continued operations as a debtor in possession and generated regular income for Anctil from August, 2005, to March, 2008. With Schultz's assistance, the Corporation concluded a cash collateral stipulation with its secured lender, arranged the continuation of credit with the its various suppliers, and recovered a substantial portion of its outstanding accounts receivable. Schultz also negotiated settlements of two substantial litigations with Bowdoin Construction Corporation that resulted in the release of all claims against the Debtors and a $50,000 payment to the Corporation. Additionally, he expended considerable time negotiating and drafting a combined disclosure statement and plan of reorganization. I further note that the Trustee does not object to any fees incurred during the Debtors' Chapter 11 cases. As such, I will allow fees in the amount of $100,150[22] and reimbursement of expenses of $3,885.71[23] with respect to the Corporate Fee Application for services rendered between August, 2005, and March 20, 2008. Similarly, I will allow fees in the amount of $5,522.50 and reimbursement of expenses of $43 8.54 with respect to the Individual Fee Application for services incurred between January 20, 2006, and March 20, 2008.

B. Fees Incurred During Anctil's Original Chapter 7 Case

Whether fees incurred during Anctil's original Chapter 7 case prior to its conversion to Chapter 11 are compensable is merely a variation on the same issue I previously ruled on in the related adversary proceeding Lassman v. Schultz. As stated in that case, the Supreme Court of the United States held that 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1) does not authorize compensation *342 awards to debtors' attorneys from estate funds unless they are employed under 11 U.S.C. § 327.[24] Schultz disputes the applicability of Lamie, and without citing any authority, contends that services rendered pre-conversion are compensable as "pre-filing services." This argument is flawed for a number of reasons.
First, Lamie's holding is unequivocal. There is no basis to conclude that the language of 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1), which the Supreme Court found unambiguous, ceases to apply when debtor's counsel renders services in contemplation of conversion.[25] To the contrary, Lamie expressly states that "[u]nless the applicant for compensation is in one of the named classes of persons in the first part [of 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1)], the kind of service rendered is irrelevant."[26] Second, Lamie's holding is not restricted to retainers or post-conversion services. Again, the language of 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1) extends to all Chapter 7 cases, regardless of if, or when, the case is converted. Third, Schultz's argument ignores the fact that conversion of a case from one chapter to another does not affect the petition date so as to render the conversion a new filing.[27] Although pre-conversion services in many cases may be analogous to those performed pre-petition in contemplation of a new filing, the former are subject to the rules and restrictions imposed by an already pending bankruptcy case.
Here, it is undisputed that Schultz was not employed in Anctil's original Chapter 7 case and therefore, he is not entitled to fees for services rendered during that period. Accordingly, I will disallow fees in the amount of $7,075 and reimbursement of expenses of $859[28] for services rendered prior to January 20, 2006.

C. Fees Incurred Preparing the Fee Applications

While the Trustee asserts that the $8,910 Schultz incurred preparing the Corporate Fee Application is excessive and unreasonable, he does not consider that the Corporate Fee Application was prepared after the Debtors' cases converted to Chapter 7.[29] In effect, Schultz once again seeks compensation from the estate for services rendered in a Chapter 7 case in which he was not employed under 11 U.S.C. § 327. Even though the preparation of the Corporate Fee Application relates to the prior Chapter 11 case for which Schultz had been duly employed, his employment under 11 U.S.C. § 327 was terminated on March 20, 2008.[30] As such, for the same reasons stated above, I will disallow fees in the amount $8,910 for preparing *343 the Corporate Fee Application.[31]
Although the Trustee did not object to the fees Schultz incurred preparing the Individual Fee Application or those estimated would be incurred attending the hearing thereon, I note that these services are not supported by any time entries as required by the provisions of MLBR 2016-1(a)(1)(C). It is well established in this district that deficient fee applications are filed at the applicant's peril.[32] For this reason alone, I will disallow fees in the amount of $1,375 for services rendered preparing the Individual Fee Application and attending the hearing thereon.[33]

V. CONCLUSION

In light of the foregoing, I will enter an order:
1. Sustaining the Trustee's objections;
2. Approving the Corporate Fee Application in part and allowing an interim award of compensation in the amount of $100,150 and reimbursement of expenses in the amount of $3,885.71; and
3. Approving the Individual Fee Application in part and allowing an interim award of compensation in the amount of $5,522.50 and reimbursement of expenses in the amount of $438.54.

Appendix I

Individual Fee Application
-------------------------------------------------------------
Date         Professional   Time     Rate                Fees
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/3/2005        EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/7/2005        EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/10/2005       GNS         0.3   $275.00        $     82.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         3.2   $175.00        $    560.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.3   $175.00        $     52.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.8   $175.00        $    140.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/15/2005       EGC         0.3   $175.00        $     52.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/15/2005       EGC         0.3   $175.00        $     52.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/17/2005       EGC         0.5   $175.00        $     87.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/18/2005       GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/23/2005       GNS           2   $275.00        $    550.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         2.3   $175.00        $    402.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/1/2005        GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/6/2005        EGC         0.9   $175.00        $    157.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/7/2005        GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/13/2005       EGC         0.8   $175.00        $    140.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/15/2005       EGC         0.5   $175.00        $     87.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/16/2005       EGC         0.3   $175.00        $     52.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.7   $175.00        $    122.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.3   $175.00        $     52.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.3   $175.00        $     52.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/19/2005       EGC         0.9   $175.00        $    157.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         1.8   $175.00        $    315.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.9   $175.00        $    157.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/20/2005       EGC         0.5   $175.00        $     87.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/22/2005       EGC           1   $175.00        $    175.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.5   $175.00        $     87.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/23/2005       EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/27/2005       EGC         2.7   $175.00        $    472.50
-------------------------------------------------------------

*344
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.5   $175.00        $     87.60
-------------------------------------------------------------
12/29/2005       EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.4   $175.00        $     70.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/3/2006         GNS           2   $275.00        $    550.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/4/2006         GNS         0.1   $275.00        $     27.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.6   $275.00        $    165.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         1.3   $175.00        $    227.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/5/2005         EGC         1.8   $175.00        $    315.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.8   $175.00        $    140.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.4   $175.00        $     70.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.5   $175.00        $     87.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/6/2006         EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/10/2006        GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/11/2006        GNS         0.3   $275.00        $     82.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/12/2006        EGC         1.3   $175.00        $    227.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/17/2006        EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/18/2006        GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/19/2006        EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________
Subtotal of Pre-Conversion Services:              $  7,075.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/27/2006        GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
1/30/2006        EGC         1.1   $175.00        $    192.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
2/6/2006         EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
2/20/2006        EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
2/21/2006        EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
2/22/2006        GNS         2.5   $275.00        $    687.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
2/24/2006        EGC         0.3   $175.00        $     52.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
2/28/2006        EGC         0.4   $175.00        $     70.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
3/2/2006         EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
3/10/2006        EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
3/20/2006        EGC         0.5   $175.00        $     87.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
3/24/2006        EGC         1.6   $175.00        $    280.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
3/28/2006        EGC         0.6   $175.00        $    105.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
3/30/2006        EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
5/4/2006         PARA        0.1   $ 75.00        $      7.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 PARA        0.1   $ 75.00        $      7.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
5/8/2006         PARA        0.1   $ 75.00        $      7.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
6/6/2006         EGC         0.4   $175.00        $     70.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
6/20/2006        EGC         0.5   $175.00        $     87.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
7/7/2006         GNS         0.3   $275.00        $     82.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
8/10/2006        EGC         0.9   $175.00        $    157.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
8/18/2006        EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
8/21/2006        EGC         0.8   $175.00        $    140.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
8/25/2006        PAEA          1   $ 75.00        $     75.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 EGC         0.5   $175.00        $     87.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
8/28/2006        GNS           1   $275.00        $    275.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
8/29/2006        EGC         2.1   $175.00        $    367.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
8/31/2006        EGC         0.4   $175.00        $     70.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
9/5/2006         EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
9/7/2006         EGC         1.3   $175.00        $    227.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
9/8/2006         EGG         0.4   $175.00        $     70.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
9/11/2006        EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
9/12/2006        EGC         0.4   $175.00        $     70.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
9/14/2006        EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
9/18/2006        EGC         0.6   $175.00        $    105.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
9/25/2006        EGC         0.9   $175.00        $    157.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
9/26/2006        EGC         0.2   $175.00        $     35.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
10/1/2006        PARA        1.5   $ 75.00        $    112.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
10/3/2006        EGC         0.4   $175.00        $     70.00
-------------------------------------------------------------

*345
10/5/2006        EGC         0.1   $175.00        $     17.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
10/6/2006        PARA        0.2   $ 75.00        $     15.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 PARA        0.3   $ 75.00        $     22.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/20/2006       GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/21/2006       GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.3   $275.00        $     82.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/22/2006       GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.5   $275.00        $    137.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/27/2006       GNS         0.5   $275.00        $    137.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS         0.2   $275.00        $     55.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
11/28/2006       GNS           1   $275.00        $    275.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________
       Subtotal of Chapter 11 Services:           $  5,522.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
Unknown          GNS           3   $275.00        $    825.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                 GNS           2   $275.00        $    550.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________
  Subtotal of Post-Conversion Services:           $  1,375.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________
                  Total Fees Requested:           $ 13,972.50
_____________________________________________________________
                  Fee Application Total:          $ 14,539.78
-------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________
   Error (Fee ApplicationTotal Request):   $    567.28
-------------------------------------------------------------
   Reduction for Pre-Conversion Services:         $  7,075.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
   Reduction for Post-Conversion Services:        $  1,375.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________
                 Total Fee Reduction:             $  8,450.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________
                 Total Fees Allowed:              $  5,522.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
Expenses
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $   35.00      *
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    3.00      *
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    5.00      *
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $   15.50      *
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    5.00      *
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $  780.00      *
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    1.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $   16.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    6.10
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $   16.24      *
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $   21.75
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $   11.12
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    9.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    2.85
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    6.36
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $   23.75
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $   22.62
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    1.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $   50.75
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    0.49
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $  234.25
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $   21.50
-------------------------------------------------------------
                                   $    9.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________
Total Expenses Requested:          $1,298.28
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
Reduction for Pre-Conversion
Expenses                           $  859.74
-------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________
Total Allowed Expenses:            $  438.54
-------------------------------------------------------------
The Corporate Fee Application
-------------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-A
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
      GNS        4.35    $275.00   $ 1,196.25
----------------------------------------------
      EGG        0.8     $175.00   $   140.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        0.4     $ 75.00   $    30.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-A Total:          $ 1,366.25
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-B
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         38.6    $275.00   $10,615.00
----------------------------------------------

*346
     EGC         5.1     $175.00   $   892.50
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        1.3     $ 75.00   $    97.50
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-B Total:          $11,605.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-C
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS          36     $275.00   $ 9,900.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         2.3     $175.00   $   402.50
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        0.6     $ 75.00   $    45.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP         0.1     $175.00   $    17.50
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-C Total:          $10,365.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-D
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         5.5     $275.00   $ 1,512.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         0.1     $275.00   $    17.50
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-D Total:          $ 1,530.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-E
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
    Initial      Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         25.85   $275.00   $ 7,108.75
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         42.7    $175.00   $ 7,472.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        8.1     $ 75.00   $   607.50
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-E Total:          $15,188.75
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-F
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
    Initial      Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         0.6     $275.00   $   165.75
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         0.6     $175.00   $   105.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        1.5     $ 75.00   $   112.75
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-F Total:          $   382.50
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-G
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS          13     $275.00   $ 3,575.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          3      $175.00   $   525.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        0.2     $ 75.00   $    15.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-G Total:          $ 4,115.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-H
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
    Initial      Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS          1      $275.00   $   275.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-H Total:          $   275.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-I
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         0.1     $275.00   $    27.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         1.6     $175.00   $   280.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-I Total:          $   307.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-J
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         13.9    $275.00   $ 3,822.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         1.6     $175.00   $   280.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        1.5     $ 75.00   $   112.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-J Total:          $ 4,215.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------

*347
Exhibit 1-K
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS          1      $275.00   $   275.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         7.7     $175.00   $ 1,347.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-K Total:          $ 1,622.50
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-L
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         3.9     $275.00   $ 1,072.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-L Total:          $ 1,072.50
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-M
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
    Initial      Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS          1      $275.00   $   275.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-M Total:          $   275.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-N
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         2.2     $275.00   $   605.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         3.1     $175.00   $   542.50
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-N Total:          $ 1,147.50
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-O
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         0.6     $275.00   $   165.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         4.8     $175.00   $   840.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-O Total:          $ 1,005.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-P
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         26.4    $275.00   $ 7,260.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        22      $ 75.00   $ 1,650.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-P Total:          $ 8.910.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-Q
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         18.45   $275.00   $ 5,073.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         1.5     $175.00   $   262.50
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $    30.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-Q Total:          $ 5,366.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-R
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         1.5     $275.00   $   412.50
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        0.3     $ 75.00   $    22.50
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-R Total:          $   435.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-S
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         44.55   $275.00   $12,251.25
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         1      $ 75.00   $    75.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------

*348
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-S Total:          $12,326.25
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-T
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         3.55    $275.00   $   976.25
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         2.8     $175.00   $   490.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA                $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-T Total:          $ 1,466.25
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-U
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         1.6     $275.00   $   440.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-U Total:          $   440.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-V
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         0.4     $275.00   $   110.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         0.2     $175.00   $    35.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-V Total:          $   145.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-W
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         0.2     $275.00   $    55.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         0.1     $175.00   $    17.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        0.8     $ 75.00   $    60.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-W Total:          $   132.50
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-X
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS          51     $275.00   $14,025.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         1.8     $175.00   $   315.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        4.2     $ 75.00   $   315.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-X Total:          $14,655.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-Y
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         2.2     $275.00   $   605.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $      .00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-Y Total:          $   605.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-Z
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         0.4     $275.00   $   110.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $      .00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-Z Total:          $   111.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-AA
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         15.55   $275.00   $ 4,276.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         1.1     $175.00   $   192.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-AA Total:         $ 4,468.75
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-BB
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         5.05    $275.00   $ 1,388.00
----------------------------------------------

*349
     EGC         7.4     $175.00   $ 1,295.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        0.3     $ 75.00   $    22.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-BB Total:         $ 2,706.25
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-CC
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         0.75    $275.00   $   206.25
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-CC Total:         $   206.25
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-DD
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS          0      $275.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC         2.6     $175.00   $   455.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-DD Total:         $   455.00
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-EE
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         2.7     $275.00   $   742.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA         0      $ 75.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-EE Total:         $   742.50
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-FF
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
  Professional   Time      Rate      Total
----------------------------------------------
     GNS         5.1     $275.00   $ 1,402.00
----------------------------------------------
     EGC          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
     PARA        0.2     $ 75.00   $    15.00
----------------------------------------------
     JEP          0      $175.00   $     0.00
----------------------------------------------
______________________________________________
       Exhibit 1-FF Total:         $ 1,417.50
==============================================
------------------------------------------------------
           Exhibit                        Category
           Totals                          Totals
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-A     $  1,366.25
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-B     $ 11,605.00             A   $21,970.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-C     $ 10,365.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-D     $  1,530.00             C   $16,718.75
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-E     $ 15,188.75             D   $ 4,772.50
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-F     $    382.50             E   $ 7,492.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-G     $  4,115.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-H     $    275.00             G   $11,062.50
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-1     $    307.50             H   $ 5,366.75
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-J     $  4,215.00             I   $12,761.25
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-K     $  1,622.50             J   $16,838.75
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-L     $  1,147.50
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-M     $    275.00             L   $ 7,890.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-N     $  1,147.50             M   $ 2,821.25
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-0     $  1,005.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-P     $  8,910.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-Q     $  5,366.25
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-R     $    435.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-S     $ 12,326.25
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-T     $  1,466.25
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-U     $    440.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-V     $    145.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-W     $    132.50
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-X     $ 14,655.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-Y     $    605.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-Z     $    110.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-AA    $  4,468.75
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-BB    $  2,706.25
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-CC    $    206.25
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-DD    $    455.00
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-EE    $    742.50
------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit 1-FF    $  1,417.50
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
______________________________________________________
Total Fees
Requested:      $109,060.00
======================================================
Reduction For Corporate Fee Application:   $  8,910.00
------------------------------------------------------
______________________________________________________
Total Allowed Fees:                        $110,159.00
------------------------------------------------------

*350
                                      Long     Filing
Fascimile    Photocopy    Postage   Distance    Fees      PACER     Fed-Ex
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $    2.00    $   23.25   $  6.32    $ 6.49   $  893.00   $  4.08   $52.47
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $  102.50    $   17.00   $  1.66    $13.33               $  5.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $  642.50    $   23.25   $  3.14    $ 4.89               $ 12.88
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $  327.50    $   46.75   $  2.28    $ 7.91               $ 18.98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $    2.00    $   23.25   $  4.37    $ 6.24               $ 26.35
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $    3.00    $  134.25   $ 35.67    $ 4.19               $ 37.25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $   10.00    $  142.25   $ 76.73    $ 5.51               $ 12.25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $    1.00    $  420.75   $  3.37    $ 2.28
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $    5.00    $   43.50   $  5.35    $15.38
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $   27.00    $   35.50   $117.98    $ 3.19
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $   21.00    $  543.50   $  8.43    $ 3.11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $   98.00    $   21.75   $ 74.46
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $   35.50    $  493.75   $  3.39
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $    7.50    $   14.25   $  0.58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $    1.50    $   17.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
              $   14.50
__________________________________________________________________________
 $1,286.00    $2,014.50   $343.73    $72.22   $  893.00   $116.79   $52.47
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
__________________________________________________________________________
              Total Expenses Requested:       $4,778.71
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
__________________________________________________________________________
              Total Reductions:               $  893.00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
__________________________________________________________________________
              TOTAL ALLOWED EXPENSES:         $3,885.71
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

MEMORANDUM OF DECISION

I. INTRODUCTION

The matter now before the Court is the Response of Gordon N. Schultz to [the] March 10, 2009 Order to Show Cause (the "Response") filed by Gordon N. Schultz ("Schultz"), the Chapter 7 Trustee's Reply to the Response (the "Trustee's Reply") filed by Donald R. Lassman (the "Trustee"), the Chapter 7 trustee of the estates of Anctil Plumbing & Mechanical Contractors, Inc. (the "Corporation"), Anctil Leasing, LLP ("Leasing"), and Robert Anctil ("Anctil") (collectively, the "Debtors"), Schultz's Limited Motion for Reconsideration of Order on Fee Application (the "Motion for Reconsideration"), and the Trustee's Response to the Motion for Reconsideration (the "Trustee's Response"). On March 10, 2009, in light of the Memorandum of Decision issued in this case on that same date, the Court ordered Gordon Schultz ("Schultz") to show cause "why the Court should not impose sanctions pursuant to Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011(c) against him for the advancement of claims, defenses, and other legal contentions not warranted by existing law and previously ruled upon by this Court in a related adversary proceeding."[1] On March 20, 2009, Schultz filed the Response to the order to show cause (the "OSC"), as well as the Motion for Reconsideration, asserting sanctions are not appropriate because I erroneously denied his fees for preparing a fee application post-conversion. For the reasons set forth below, I will deny reconsideration *351 and impose sanctions against Schultz in the amount of $10,000, payable to the Clerk of the Bankruptcy Court.

II. BACKGROUND

By way of background, the Corporation filed a voluntary Chapter 11 petition on August 19, 2005, and Leasing filed its Chapter 11 case on October 11, 2005. On November 8, 2005, the two cases were substantively consolidated. Anctil's individual case was filed under Chapter 7 on October 13, 2005. In January, 2006, Anctil moved to convert his case to Chapter 11 and jointly administer it with the consolidated case. The motion was granted on January 20, 2006. On March 20, 2008, the consolidated case, as well as Anctil's jointly administered case, was converted to Chapter 7 upon an uncontested motion filed by the United States Trustee.
Schultz filed each case on behalf of the Debtors. He was subsequently employed as counsel for the Corporation on September 19, 2005, and as counsel to Anctil on April 4, 2006. On February 19, 2008, four days after the United States Trustee filed an Amended Motion to Convert, the Corporation paid Schultz $2,500 by a check drawn from the Corporation's debtor-in-possession account (the "Chapter 7 Retainer"). Schultz subsequently filed two statements disclosing that the Corporation paid $2,500 to Schultz as a "flat fee retainer" and that Anctil agreed to a fee of $2,500, of which nothing was paid. On May 21, 2008, the Trustee filed an adversary proceeding seeking turnover under 11 U.S.C. § 542 or recovery of the Chapter 7 Retainer as an unauthorized post-petition transfer under 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550, asserting that Schultz was not entitled to be paid from estate funds under 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1) because he was not employed by the Trustee.[2] He also sought to surcharge the fees and costs of that proceeding against the balance of a pre-petition retainer paid to Schultz or, in the alternative, to surcharge those amounts against fees to be paid to Schultz in the principal case.
Schultz moved to dismiss the Trustee's complaint, arguing that the Chapter 7 Retainer was appropriately paid under the "flat fee retainer exception" recognized by Lamie v. United States Trustee[3] and the subsequent decision by Judge Gorton of this district in In re CK Liquidation Corp.[4] On September 15, 2008, I issued a Memorandum of Decision stating:
[T]he Chapter 7 Retainer was, with a quiet nod to Lamie, denominated as a flat fee retainer. This, however, is an inadequate invocation of the exception as the Chapter 7 Retainer had been paid not only pre-conversion, but post-filing, and that makes all of the difference. When the petition is filed, property of the estate comes into being. Lamie expressly states that 11 U.S.C. "§ 330(a)(1) does not authorize compensation awards to debtors' attorneys from estate funds unless they are employed as authorized by § 327." While perhaps a bit confusing on its face, this statement is completely consistent with the previously quoted dicta on which Schultz relies. The Supreme Court's conclusion that "[s]ection 330(a)(1) does not prevent a debtor from engaging counsel before a chapter 7 conversion and paying reasonable compensation in advance to ensure that the filing is in order," simply does not mean that 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1) specifically authorizes such a payment from *352 property of the estate. Rather, it implicitly recognizes that individual debtors may have "property of the debtor" made up of exempt assets form [sic] which they could pay counsel for legal services performed in advance of a conversion to Chapter 7 while a bankruptcy case is pending under another chapter.[5]
Finding Schultz's position meritless, I denied the motion to dismiss and entered judgment for the Trustee. Moreover, I approved Trustee's request to surcharge his fees in the amount of $4,987.50 against Corporation's pre-petition retainer.
On November 24, 2008, Schultz filed two fee applications: one with respect to the Corporation (the "Corporate Fee Application") and one with respect to Anctil (the "Individual Fee Application"). As part of the Corporate Fee Application, Schultz sought payment of $8,910 for 48.4 hours spent preparing the Corporate Fee Application between November 9, 2008, and November 24, 2008, over seven months after the case's conversion to Chapter 7.[6] In the Individual Fee Application, Schultz requested fees in the amount $7,075 and reimbursement of expenses of $859 for services rendered during Anctil's original Chapter 7 before its conversion to Chapter 11. Additionally, Schultz sought $1,375 for services rendered preparing the Individual Fee Application, but did not support these fees with any time entries.
The Trustee objected to the fees incurred preparing the Corporate Fee Application on the basis that they were unreasonable and excessive and that no more than $1,500 was warranted as compensation for this task. Schultz responded that the additional time spent was reasonable because the local rules of this district required him to categorize his time entries, but his billing software would not allow him to do so and required manual re-entry. The Trustee also objected to the fees incurred prior to Anctil's conversion to Chapter 11, arguing that my decision in Lassman v. Schultz determined that such fees are precluded under Lamie. Schultz, without citing any authority, asserted that Lamie was inapplicable because no retainer was involved. Moreover, he contended that the services rendered were in contemplation of conversion to Chapter 11 and are the type of "pre-filing services" that are normally compensable in a Chapter 11 case. The Trustee did not object to the fees incurred preparing the Individual Fee Application, but due to mathematical errors in the fee application, it is unclear whether the Trustee was aware of the request.[7]
On March 10, 2009, I issued a Memorandum of Decision (the "Memorandum") regarding the fee applications.[8] In the absence of an objection, I approved fees incurred during the Chapter 11 cases, but found that the request for fees incurred during Anctil's original Chapter 7 case (the "Pre-Conversion Fees") was merely a variation of the same issue addressed in Lassman v. Schultz.[9] Denying these fees, I stated:
[T]he Supreme Court of the United States held that 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1) does not authorize compensation awards to debtors' attorneys from estate funds *353 unless they are employed under 11 U.S.C. § 327.
* * *
First, Lamie's holding is unequivocal. There is no basis to conclude that the language of 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1), which the Supreme Court found unambiguous, ceases to apply when debtor's counsel renders services in contemplation of conversion. To the contrary, Lamie expressly states that "[u]nless the applicant for compensation is in one of the named classes of persons in the first part [of 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1)], the kind of service rendered is irrelevant." Second, Lamie's holding is not restricted to retainers or post-conversion services. Again, the language of 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1) extends to all Chapter 7 cases, regardless of if, or when, the case is converted. Third, Schultz's argument ignores the fact that conversion of a case from one chapter to another does not affect the petition date so as to render the conversion a new filing. Although pre-conversion services in many cases may be analogous to those performed pre-petition in contemplation of a new filing, the former are subject to the rules and restrictions imposed by an already pending bankruptcy case.[10]
I similarly denied Schultz's fees incurred preparing the Corporate Fee Application (the "Post-Conversion Fees") because the services were rendered after the Debtors' conversion to Chapter 7.[11] Citing In re CK Liquidation Corp., I noted that although the fees related to the Chapter 11 case, Schultz's employment, and therefore his entitlement to compensation from the estate, had been terminated by the conversion to Chapter 7.[12] I also denied Schultz's fees incurred preparing the Individual Fee Application because they were not supported by any time entries as required by the provisions of Massachusetts Local Bankruptcy Rule ("MLBR") 2016-1(a)(1)(C).[13]
On the same date, I ordered Schultz to show cause "why the Court should not impose sanctions pursuant to Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011(c) against him for the advancement of claims, defenses, and other legal contentions not warranted by existing law and previously ruled upon by this Court in a related adversary proceeding" on the basis that: (1) the Fee Application and Schultz's defense of its charges essentially re-asserted the same issues and arguments resolved in Lassman v. Schultz; (2) those arguments were found frivolous, unsupported by the very authority he cited, and warranted the imposition of sanctions in the amount of $4,987.50; (3) Schultz cited no authority supporting his defense of the fee applications and, in fact, admitted there was no such authority; and (4) Schultz's arguments in defense of the fee applications were expressly precluded by Lamie.[14] Schultz filed the Response[15] and Motion for Reconsideration on March 20, 2009, and the Trustee filed the Trustee's Reply and Trustee's Response the following day.
On March 25, 2009, I conducted a hearing on the order to show cause and Motion for Reconsideration. After hearing arguments from Schultz, the Trustee, and the *354 United States Trustee, I took the matter under advisement. Both Schultz and the Trustee filed supplemental briefs. Notably, in his supplemental brief, the Trustee represented that the estates of both the Corporation and Anctil are administratively insolvent and have been since Schultz filed his fee applications.

III. POSITION OF THE PARTIES

Schultz
In the Response, Schultz argues that he should not be sanctioned for requesting the Pre-Conversion Fees because he believed that my ruling in Lassman v. Schultz was limited to mean that he could not be paid for any services relating to the Chapter 7 proceeding because he had not been employed under 11 U.S.C. § 327 as required by Lamie. In pressing his claim for Pre-Conversion Fees, Schultz believed that the scope of his Chapter 11 services could include those relating to the Chapter 11 conversion. After reading the Memorandum, Schultz now understands that this is a "bright line" test not based upon "the nature of the services rendered," but simply a temporal analysis. He further notes that the issue in Lassman v. Schultz was not framed in this context because the services there related to the Chapter 7 proceeding. Schultz requests my indulgence with respect to this mistake because he has already lost approximately $7,000 in addition to the prior sanction of nearly $5,000.
With respect to the Post-Conversion Fees, Schultz seeks reconsideration asserting that my ruling is unfair and that the principles of Lamie and the ruling in In re CK Liquidation Corp. should not preclude him from being awarded a reasonable fee for preparing the Corporate Fee Application simply because it was done after the case was converted to one under Chapter 7. In support of this contention, Schultz first notes that Judge Gorton "included a significant comment about the `uncertainty' of arguing such a position under Lamie,"[16] by observing that the United States Trustee "expressed uncertainty as to whether [the expenses incurred preparing the Final Application were] disputable under Lamie or for some other reason."[17] Second, he asserts that Judge Gorton denied the fee application for all post-conversion services without articulating a separate position on the appropriateness of doing so with respect to the fee application issue. Third, Schultz contends Judge Gorton did not consider that the time spent preparing a fee application is not a legal service rendered to the Debtor, but a necessary undertaking mandated by the Bankruptcy Code and rules. He submits that while Lamie states that "`the kind of services rendered' should be `irrelevant,'" this statement must be examined in the context of the types of services that were at issue before the Supreme Court of the United States.[18] As such, Schultz contends that Lamie's holding only states that there will be no distinction between legal services performed for a Debtor.
Schultz relies on In re Johnson,[19] a bankruptcy court decision from the Eastern District of California, for the proposition that courts have adopted the position that Lamie does not preclude a fee award for a fee application prepared post-conversion. In that case, debtor's counsel sought, and the United States Trustee expressly *355 did not oppose, fees incurred preparing a fee application after the appointment of the Chapter 11 trustee. While the Johnson court resolved the issue by allowing the Chapter 11 trustee to employ debtor's counsel for a transitional period under 11 U.S.C. § 327(e), Schultz represented that he contacted the debtor's counsel and the United States Trustee and both viewed Lamie as inapplicable to the issue of fees incurred preparing a fee application.
Ultimately, Schultz strenuously argues that adopting a reading of Lamie that precludes payment of fees incurred preparing a fee application simply because it was prepared post-conversion would be entirely inconsistent with the substantial pre-Lamie precedent. He contends that the preparation of a fee application, as a requirement set forth in the Bankruptcy Code, must be compensable regardless of when it was prepared. Indeed, relying on In re Braswell Motor Freight Lines, Inc.[20] and In re Nucorp Energy, Inc.,[21] Schultz suggests I abused my discretion by denying him reasonable compensation for time spent preparing the Corporate Fee Application. Lastly, he notes that such a result is consistent with the policy behind Lamie, which he understands to be the elimination of duplicative fees between debtor's counsel and the Chapter 7 trustee.

The Trustee
The Trustee opposes the Motion for Reconsideration contending that the district court's decision in In re CK Liquidation Corp. is directly on point and fully supports the Memorandum. The Trustee asserts that Judge Gorton expressly considered whether Chapter 11 services rendered, as a temporal matter, after the conversion date may nonetheless be compensable Chapter 11 services, but unambiguously rejected the argument. Moreover, the Trustee contends that in denying the request for post-conversion fees, including those incurred preparing a fee application, Judge Gorton acknowledged Lamie's holding places debtor's counsel in a difficult position by potentially requiring additional services to be performed after counsel's employment has been terminated.
During oral arguments, the Trustee indicated that he was unfamiliar with In re Johnson, but argued that it was inappropriate to cite a position advanced before a different court in another circuit as authority. In any event, he asserted that In re Johnson is irrelevant because there is case law in this district precluding such a position. Therefore, the Trustee suggests, Schultz's reliance on In re Johnson is, in fact, yet another advancement of a legal contention not warranted by existing law and barred by my prior rulings.
In sum, the Trustee expresses considerable frustration that the estates have been forced to litigate and re-litigate the same issues with respect to Schultz's fees when it was clear from the outset that any dividend on his administrative expense claim would be minimal. Ultimately, the Trustee contends that it makes no difference whether I grant the Motion for Reconsideration because the estates are administratively insolvent and Schultz's distribution will be zero. Therefore, in the event that I find sanctions warranted, he requests that I allow sanctions against Schultz in the amount of $1,150 in favor of Anctil's estate and $3,575 in favor the Corporate estate, representing the Trustee's time spent opposing the fee applications and the Motion for Reconsideration.

*356 The United States Trustee

While the United States Trustee did not file a response to either fee application or the Motion for Reconsideration, counsel appeared at the March 25, 2009 hearing in opposition to the reconsideration of the Post-Conversion Fees, relying on the United States Trustee's original brief filed in Lassman v. Schultz. As such, the United States Trustee similarly asserts that Schultz's arguments are barred by Lamie and In re CK Liquidation Corp. The United States Trustee did not take a position on the appropriateness of sanctions.

IV. DISCUSSION

A. The Motion for Reconsideration

The standard for reconsideration is well established in this district. Under Fed.R.Civ.P. 59(e), I may reconsider a judgment upon the filing of a motion by a party within ten days of the entry of the judgment.[22] To be clear, "[r]ule 59(e) motions are aimed at reconsideration, not initial consideration."[23] "It is not a vehicle for rehashing arguments previously made or for refuting the court's prior ruling."[24] Nor is it a substitute for an appeal.[25] Instead, "[t]o succeed on a motion to reconsider, the Court requires that the moving party show newly discovered evidence or a manifest error of fact or law."[26]
The main thrust of Schultz's argument on reconsideration is that Lamie should not be applied to the question of whether counsel is entitled to a reasonable fee for preparing a fee application post-conversion because such an extension of the holding is neither fair nor intended. While perhaps unfair, Lamie's holding most certainly applies and is unequivocal. To reiterate, I again quote the relevant passages of Lamie:
A debtor's attorney not engaged as provided by § 327 is simply not included within the class of persons eligible for compensation. . . . Unless the applicant for compensation is in one of the named classes of persons in the first part [of 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1)], the kind of service rendered is irrelevant.
* * *
Adhering to conventional doctrines of statutory interpretation, we hold that § 330(a)(1) does not authorize compensation awards to debtors' attorneys from estate funds, unless they are employed as authorized by § 327. If the attorney is to be paid from estate funds under § 330(a)(1) in a Chapter 7 case, he must be employed by the trustee and approved by the court.[27]
I note that the Supreme Court does not state that the kind of service rendered should be irrelevant as Schultz suggests, but that it is irrelevant.
Schultz advances several flawed theories in an apparent effort to circumvent Lamie's express language. First, he attempts to characterize preparation of a fee *357 application as a necessary undertaking mandated by the Bankruptcy Code and Rules and not a legal service rendered to the Debtor. Section 330(a)(1)(A) encompasses "actual, necessary services" and does not distinguish services rendered to the debtor from other services.[28] Moreover, this argument ignores the fundamental principle that a pre-requisite to payment under 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1)(A) is authorized employment under 11 U.S.C. § 327. If Schultz means to suggest that preparation of a fee application is not a "service" as that term is used within 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1)(A), there would be no basis to award compensation at all.
Second, Schultz misapprehends the policy behind Lamie as simply the elimination of duplicative fees between the Chapter 7 trustee and debtor's counsel. To the extent that the Supreme Court recognized a policy behind 11 U.S.C. §§ 327 and 330, it was to limit debtor's counsel from incurring fees and diminishing the estate without the Chapter 7 trustee's approval.[29] Additionally, Schultz's reliance on In re Braswell Motor Freight Lines, Inc. and In re Nucorp Energy, Inc. is misplaced because both predate the 1994 amendment to 11 U.S.C. § 330 by at least ten years.[30] If Lamie is inconsistent with the law as it previously existed, the reason is obvious: Congress changed the law in 1994.
In a final effort to support the Motion for Reconsideration, Schultz relies on positions asserted by the United States Trustee in In re Johnson and In re CK Liquidation Corp. An argument advanced by a party in one case, however, is not authority to decide another. Regardless of what the parties' subjective understanding was with respect to the law in pressing their case, only the court's holding is authoritative. Here, neither holding supports reconsideration of the Post-Conversion Fees. In In re Johnson, the court approved the transitional employment of the debtor's counsel under 11 U.S.C. § 327(e), thus mooting any consideration of whether a fee application prepared post-conversion is a compensable service.[31] In contrast, Judge Gorton in In re CK Liquidation Corp., while noting the United States Trustee's uncertainty,[32] concluded that Lamie barred compensation for "[a]ny services performed after the conversion date."[33] A separate position with respect to the post-conversion fees incurred preparing the fee application was unnecessary because those fees were necessarily *358 encompassed by the breadth of the holding.[34]
Not only does the Motion for Reconsideration fail to identify a material error of fact or law, it asserts, for the third time, an unwarranted entitlement to fees in a Chapter 7 case despite Lamie's clear holding and his lack of employment under 11 U.S.C. § 327. As such, I will deny the Motion for Reconsideration.[35]

B. The Order to Show Cause

1. The Appropriateness of Sanctions
Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011 "emphasizes responsible behavior on the part of [attorneys]" and requires them "to conduct [themselves] in a manner bespeaking reasonable professionalism and consistent with the orderly functioning of the judicial system."[36] It provides in relevant part:
(b) Representations to the court. By presenting to the court (whether by signing, filing, submitting, or later advocating) a petition, pleading, written motion, or other paper, an attorney or unrepresented party is certifying that to the best of the person's knowledge, information, and belief, formed after an inquiry reasonable under the circumstances,
* * *
(2) the claims, defenses, and other legal contentions therein are warranted by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law or the establishment of new law . . .[37]
*359 Under Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011, the focus is not whether the claim asserted was frivolous, but whether the attorney conducted an adequate inquiry into the facts and law before filing the claim.[38] "In examining the actions of counsel, the First Circuit has stated that `[s]ubjective good faith is not the issue; generally, Rule 9011 demands that counsel's actions comport with an objective standard of lawyerly performance.'"[39] Accordingly, "[a] violation of Rule 11 . . . might be caused by inexperience, incompetence, willfulness, or deliberate choice."[40]
On three occasions, Schultz advanced arguments regarding an entitlement to fees from the estate in a Chapter 7 case despite a lack of authorized employment under 11 U.S.C. § 327, as required under Lamie. Each time, I rejected his arguments by quoting the very cases upon which he relied. By citing a case, an attorney is presumed to have read it in its entirety. Under an objective standard, any attorney reading Lamie would reasonably understand that employment under 11 U.S.C. § 327 is a pre-requisite to compensation under 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1), regardless of the kind of service rendered. Given the plain, unequivocal language used by the Supreme Court in Lamie, such a conclusion is inescapable.
Schultz's explanation that he innocently misunderstood the scope of Lamie is unreasonable under the circumstances and undercut by his concurrent request for reconsideration.[41] Despite Trustee's objection, which quoted the relevant passage of Lamie and put him on notice of his error, Schultz nonetheless pursued the Pre-Conversion Fees without citing supporting authority and conceding none existed. Instead, without addressing the text emphasized by Lassman v. Schultz and the Trustee, he merely stated that Lamie was inapposite because he sought to establish an administrative claim without involving a retainer. The problem is apparent: Lamie involved only a fee application for post-conversion services and not a retainer. In further aggravation, the Response continued the same practice of citing and quoting portions of cases out of context, misrepresenting the holdings of cases, and arguing against the applicability of controlling authority without any legal basis.[42] Because these problems were identified in Lassman v. Schultz, the Memorandum, and the OSC, and Schultz still frivolously seeks reconsideration, I *360 must conclude that he is proceeding with a deliberate indifference to the law. This present situation is analogous to that in In re Willis Furniture Co., Inc.,[43] where I found debtor's counsel violated Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011 by filing a "fourth or fifth generation motion for reconsideration of a prior order which flies in the face of the precise wording of the Court of Appeals decision."[44] Therefore, under the totality of the circumstances, I find that Schultz's actions fall far below the standard imposed by Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011.

2. The Imposition of Sanctions
Once a violation of Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011 is found, the imposition of sanctions is mandatory.[45] Nonetheless, courts have the "discretion to tailor sanctions to the particular facts of the case. . . ."[46] All that is required by Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011 is that the "sanction imposed for violation[s] of this rule shall be limited to what is sufficient to deter repetition of such conduct or comparable conduct by others similarly situated."[47] Otherwise, the sanction may consist of "directives of a nonmonetary nature, an order to pay a penalty into court, or, if imposed on motion and warranted for effective deterrence, an order directing payment to the movant of some or all of the reasonable attorneys' fees and other expenses incurred as a direct result of the violation."[48]
Having found his position in Lassman v. Schultz without merit, I previously sanctioned Schultz (by surcharging the Trustee's fees against his) in the amount of $4,987.50. Nonetheless, in pursuing his fee applications, he continued to advance similar theories and positions precluded under the same authority. Then, in the face of the OSC, Schultz responded by seeking reconsideration of my prior order on equally frivolous grounds. Due to his persistence in this matter, I find that the imposition of additional monetary sanctions in the amount of $10,000 is necessary to deter future repetition of such conduct.[49] As these sanctions are imposed on the Court's own initiative, they shall be paid to the Clerk of the bankruptcy court.[50]

V. CONCLUSION

In light of the foregoing, I will enter an order denying the Motion for Reconsideration and imposing sanctions in the amount of $10,000 payable to the Clerk of the Bankruptcy Court against Schultz.[51]
NOTES
[1]  I note, however, that the first Billing Statement contains at least one balance adjustment that I cannot link to any service performed. See Docket No. 354, Ex. 1 at 5 ("Previous Balance . . . $49").
[2]  The corrected figures are attached to this decision as Appendix I.
[3]  Anctil originally sought to convert his case to one under Chapter 13, but the Trustee objected on the grounds that he exceeded the debt limitations set forth in 11 U.S.C. § 109(e) and was thus ineligible for Chapter 13 relief.
[4]  Although the Debtors did not object to the United States Trustee's Motion to Convert, I note that a hearing on the matter was continued numerous times over the course of a year to give the Debtors an opportunity to file a Chapter 11 plan and disclosure statement.
[5]  Presumably, this $5,000 was the unpaid balance of the pre-petition retainer that Schultz received post-petition. As no further disclosures were filed, it is unclear whether Schultz ever received the full amount promised.
[6]  Both were filed in the Corporation's case. See Docket Nos. 256 and 257.
[7]  See Lassman v. Schultz.
[8]  Lamie v. United States, 540 U.S. 526, 124 S. Ct. 1023, 157 L. Ed. 2d 1024 (2004).
[9]  Morse v. Ropes & Gray (In re CK Liquidation Corp.), 343 B.R. 376 (D.Mass.2006).
[10]  11 U.S.C. § 541(a).
[11]  Lassman v. Schultz (In re Anctil Plumbing & Mech. Contractors, Inc.), 394 B.R. 1, 7 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008) (footnotes omitted).
[12]  Because the facts were not in dispute, I treated the motion to dismiss and the Trustee's opposition thereto as cross-motions for summary judgment.
[13]  See Docket No. 353, Ex. 1-P.
[14]  Docket No. 353 at ¶ 83.
[15]  Docket No. 353, Ex. 1-P.
[16]  Docket No. 353, Ex. 2.
[17]  Although the final Billing Statement reflects a closing date of February 29, 2008, the last charge listed was on the November 15, 2007, Billing Statement.
[18]  Docket No. 354 at ¶ 4.
[19]  The Trustee also objected to the reimbursement of costs in the amount of $1,298.28 on the basis that these expenses were already included in the running balance reflected in the Billing Statements. Having thoroughly reviewed the Billing Statements and recalculated the figures therein, the Trustee is correct that the amount requested is miscalculated, but the reason for the error is unclear. As such, I will sustain the Trustee's objection.
[20]  Paragraph two of the [Corporation]'s Application for Authority to Employ Counsel Under General Retainer provides in relevant part:

Prior to the commencement of this proceeding, the Debtor engaged Counsel with respect to certain legal matters, including an assessment of the advisability and feasibility of restructuring of the Debtor's financial affairs. The Debtor wishes to retain Counsel to represent it in these proceedings.
Docket No. 362, Ex. 2.
[21]  In re Tundra Corp., 243 B.R. 575, 581 (Bankr.D.Mass.2000) (citing Boston & Maine v. Moore, 776 F.2d 2 (1st Cir.1985); In re Smuggler's Beach Properties, Inc., 149 B.R. 740 (Bankr.D.Mass.1993); In re Bank of New England Corp., 134 B.R. 450 (Bankr.D.Mass. 1991), aff'd, 142 B.R. 584 (D.Mass.1992)) (textual citations omitted); see also In re McMullen, Case No. 00-10151-WCH, 2009 WL 530296 (Bankr.D.Mass. Feb. 18, 2009) (thoroughly reviewing a fee application filed by Schultz in a Chapter 13 case).
[22]  $12,971.25 (Category A) + $11,895 (Category C) + $19,686.25 (Category D) + $7,492.50 (Category E) + $2,427.50 (Category G) + $5,801.25 (Category I) +$14,510 (Category J) + $19,838.75 (Category L) + $5,527.50 (Category M) = $100,150.
[23]  Because Schultz conceded that the Chapter 11 filing fee was included in error, I will subtract $893 from the total expenses incurred during the Corporation's Chapter 11 case. ($4,778.71-$893 = $3,885.71).
[24]  Lamie, 540 U.S. at 538, 124 S. Ct. 1023.
[25]  Id. at 534, 124 S. Ct. 1023.
[26]  Id.
[27]  11 U.S.C. § 348(a) ("Conversion . . . does not effect a change in the date of the filing of the petition").
[28]  In addition to expenses incurred during Anctil's original Chapter 7 case, I further reduced the expenses by $780 as Schultz's Billing Statements reflect that a filing fee of $780 was paid from Client funds on February 18, 2006.
[29]  Exhibit 1-P reflects that the Corporate Fee Application was prepared between November 9, 2008, and November 24, 2008, over seven months after the Corporation's case was converted to Chapter 7. See Docket No. 353, Ex. 1-P. Though not relevant to the outcome, I further note that Exhibit 1-P does not conform to the Massachusetts Local Bankruptcy Rules 2016-1(a)(1)(C) as each time entry does not identify specific task performed.
[30]  See In re CK Liquidation Corp., 343 B.R. at 385.
[31]  Because Schultz is not entitled to compensation for post-conversion services, I need not address the issue of whether fees incurred reconstructing billing invoices to conform with the local rule is compensable or whether the time spent in the present case was excessive and unreasonable.
[32]  See, e.g., In re Bank of New England Corp., 134 B.R. at 467-468; In re Smuggler's Beach Properties, Inc., 149 B.R. at 743; In re McMullen, 2009 WL 530296 *28.
[33]  I note that in the absence of detailed time entries, it is unclear whether the Individual Fee Application was prepared before or after the re-conversion of Anctil's case to Chapter 7.
[1]  Docket No. 395.
[2]  See Lassman v. Schultz.
[3]  Lamie v. United States Trustee, 540 U.S. 526, 124 S. Ct. 1023, 157 L. Ed. 2d 1024 (2004).
[4]  Morse v. Ropes & Gray (In re CK Liquidation Corp.), 343 B.R. 376 (D.Mass.2006).
[5]  Lassman v. Schultz (In re Anctil Plumbing & Mech. Contractors, Inc.), 394 B.R. 1, 7 (Bankr. D.Mass.2008) (footnotes omitted).
[6]  See Docket No. 353, Ex. 1-P.
[7]  The Trustee also objected to the total fee amount on the basis that it was miscalculated.
[8]  In re Anctil Plumbing & Mech. Contractors, Inc., No. 05-17495-WCH, 2009 WL 691017 (Bankr.D.Mass. Mar. 10, 2009).
[9]  Id. at *5-6.
[10]  Id. at *5 (emphasis added) (footnotes omitted).
[11]  Id. at*6.
[12]  Id.
[13]  Id.
[14]  Docket No. 395.
[15]  I note that the arguments from the Motion for Reconsideration are included in the Response as cause why Schultz should not be sanctioned.
[16]  Docket No. 418 at ¶ 3.
[17]  In re CK Liquidation Corp., 343 B.R. at 379.
[18]  Docket No. 418 at ¶¶ 7-8.
[19]  In re Johnson, 397 B.R. 486 (Bankr. E.D.Cal.2008).
[20]  Braswell Motor Freight Lines, Inc. v. Crutcher (In re Braswell Motor Freight Lines, Inc.), 630 F.2d 348 (5th Cir.1980).
[21]  In re Nucorp Energy, Inc., 764 F.2d 655 (9th Cir. 1985).
[22]  See Fed.R.Civ.P. 59(e), made applicable to bankruptcy cases by Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9023.
[23]  Harley-Davidson Motor Co., Inc. v. Bank of New England-Old Colony, N.A., 897 F.2d 611, 616 (1st Cir.1990) (citing White v. New Hampshire Dept. of Employment Security, 455 U.S. 445, 451, 102 S. Ct. 1162, 71 L. Ed. 2d 325 (1982)).
[24]  In re Mortgage Investors Corp., 136 B.R. 592, 597 (Bankr.D.Mass. 1992) (quoting In re Grand Builders, Inc., 122 B.R. 673, 675 (Bankr.W.D.Pa.1990) (citations omitted)).
[25]  In re Oak Brook Apartments, 126 B.R. 535, 536 (Bankr.S.D.Ohio 1991).
[26]  In re Wedgestone Fin., 142 B.R. 7, 8 (Bankr.D.Mass.1992) (citations omitted).
[27]  Lamie, 540 U.S. at 535, 538.
[28]  11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1)(A).
[29]  "Section 327's limitation on debtors' incurring debts for professional services without the Chapter 7 trustee's approval is not absurd. In the context of a Chapter 7 liquidation it advances the trustee's responsibility for preserving the estate." Lamie, 540 U.S. at 537.
[30]  I further note that neither case involves a conversion to Chapter 7, and only addresses the issue of whether counsel is entitled to be compensated to prepare a fee application in a Chapter 11 (or in the case of In re Braswell Motor Freight Lines, Inc., Chapter XI) case. Moreover, while a majority of cases agree that debtor's counsel is entitled to fees incurred preparing a fee application, see, e.g., In re Bank of New England Corp., 134 B.R. 450 (Bankr.D.Mass. 1991), this proposition is not universal. See, e.g., In re Rothman, 206 B.R. 99 (Bankr.E.D.Pa.1997); In re Junco, Inc., 185 B.R. 215 (Bankr.E.D.Va.1995).
[31]  In re Johnson, 397 B.R. at 493.
[32]  Nearly all written decisions provide at least some statement of the parties' arguments. Accordingly, there is nothing "significant" about Judge Gorton's acknowledgment of the United States Trustee's uncertainty in that case. In any event, Judge Gorton's holding precludes such uncertainty in the future.
[33]  In re CK Liquidation Corp., 343 B.R. at 385 (emphasis added).
[34]  The Trustee correctly notes that Judge Gorton considered the effect of applying Lamie to all fees incurred post-conversion, including those incurred preparing fee applications:

Although the Court acknowledges that its decision may place bankruptcy counsel in the difficult position of choosing between performing fiduciary obligations to clients despite the potential for nonpayment and risking professional malpractice claims, it is bound by the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Bankruptcy Code that when a bankruptcy court converts an action from Chapter 11 to a Chapter 7 proceeding and appoints a Chapter 7 Trustee,
this [action] terminate[s] [the debtor's] status as debtor-in-possession and so terminate[s] [counsel's] service under § 327 as an attorney for the debtor-in-possession.
Id. at 385 (quoting Lamie, 540 U.S. at 532).
[35]  Even if cause existed to reconsider the Post-Conversion Fees on their merits, they would still be denied on other grounds. As stated in Footnote 29 of the Memorandum, Exhibit 1-P is simply a chart of time spent per day on the Corporate Fee Application and does not identify the specific tasks performed as required by MLBR 2016-1(a)(1)(C). Additionally, time spent re-entering his billing invoices into spreadsheets is non-compensable. In re ACT Mfg., Inc., 281 B.R. 468, 485 (Bankr.D.Mass.2002) ("By now professionals who routinely practice before bankruptcy courts should be well versed in the requirements for time keeping and should have tailored both their individual time-keeping practices and their computer billing systems accordingly. As a result a professional should not have to expend time to `rearrange' time entries into separate categories or to fix other time-keeping problems such as `lumping' of time or the supplementation of inadequate entries. The preparation of a fee application should be primarily a ministerial task.") Moreover, because Schultz "lumped" the time spent preparing the spreadsheets with the time spent preparing the Corporate Fee Application by failing to describe the discrete tasks performed, it is impossible to simply cut the non-compensable portion of the request. As fee applications are filed at the applicant's peril, Schultz is not entitled to amend the Corporate Fee Application to correct these problems. See In re Bank of New England Corp., 134 B.R. at 467-468.
[36]  Featherston v. Goldman (In re D.C. Sullivan Co., Inc.), 843 F.2d 596, 598 (1st Cir. 1988), aff'd in part on rehearing en banc, 878 F.2d 1478 (1989).
[37]  Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011(b)(2).
[38]  See Matter of Excello Press, Inc., 967 F.2d 1109, 1111-1112 (7th Cir. 1992).
[39]  Parker v. Boston Univ. (In re Parker), 334 B.R. 529, 538 (Bankr.D.Mass.2005) (quoting In re D.C. Sullivan Co., Inc., 843 F.2d at 599).
[40]  Sylver v. Sec. Pac. Servs. (In re Sylver), 214 B.R. 422, 428 (B.A.P. 1st Cir.1997) (quoting Cruz v. Savage, 896 F.2d 626, 631 (1st Cir. 1990)).
[41]  While the notice provisions of Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011 preclude the imposition of sanctions based upon the Motion for Reconsideration at this time, I may consider the substantive arguments in support of reconsideration included in the Response to determine the appropriateness and amount of sanctions.
[42]  To be clear, Schultz's arguments cannot be construed as "a nonfrivolous argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law or the establishment of new law" for several reasons. Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011(b)(2). First, the arguments, as discussed in the Memorandum and above, are in fact frivolous. Second, in order to state a claim for the modification or reversal of existing law, one must first acknowledge the state of the law as it currently stands. See White v. Burdick (In re CK Liquidation Corp.), 321 B.R. 355, 364-365 (1st Cir. BAP 2005). His persistent contention that Lamie is inapplicable precludes such a finding.
[43]  In re Willis Furniture Co., Inc., 148 B.R. 691 (Bankr.D.Mass. 1992).
[44]  Id. at 694.
[45]  Business Guides, Inc. v. Chromatic Commc'ns. Ent., Inc., 498 U.S. 533, 543, 111 S. Ct. 922, 112 L. Ed. 2d 1140 (1991).
[46]  Figueroa-Ruiz v. Alegria, 905 F.2d 545, 548 (1st Cir. 1990).
[47]  Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011(c)(2).
[48]  Id.
[49]  See In re Iappini, 192 B.R. 8, 10 (Bankr. D.Mass. 1995) (doubling prior sanction for each subsequent instance of similar conduct).
[50]  The Trustee's request for the sanctions to be paid to the Chapter 7 estates included in the Trustee's Reply does not comply with the separate motion requirement of Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011(c)(1)(A).
[51]  These sanctions are separate and distinct from any sanction previously imposed in this case.