Court Opinion

ID: 2959477
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-17 03:58:20.948336+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:01:20.378927
License: Public Domain

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

                                       NO. 03-13-00311-CV

                                    Lucy Gutierrez, Appellant

                                                  v.

                         Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC, Appellee

            FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 1 OF TRAVIS COUNTY
       NO. C-1-CV-12-007038, HONORABLE J. DAVID PHILLIPS, JUDGE PRESIDING

                             MEMORANDUM OPINION

               This is a restricted appeal from a “no-answer” default judgment that appellee

Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC (Portfolio) obtained against appellant Lucy Gutierrez.

Gutierrez contends that the trial court erred in rendering the judgment because (1) the service

of citation was fatally defective and (2) Portfolio’s petition failed to state a cause of action and

did not give Gutierrez fair notice of the claim involved. We will affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                         BACKGROUND

               Portfolio sued Gutierrez for “suit on open & stated account/debt/breach of contract.”

Portfolio filed a motion for default judgment alleging that Gutierrez failed to respond to Portfolio’s

petition. The trial court signed a final default judgment ordering that Portfolio recover $4,448.61

from Gutierrez. Gutierrez timely filed her notice of restricted appeal.
                                           DISCUSSION

Standard and scope of review

               Gutierrez challenges the default judgment by restricted appeal. See Tex. R. App.

P. 30; Alexander v. Lynda’s Boutique, 134 S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. 2004). To prevail, Gutierrez

must establish that: (1) she filed notice of the restricted appeal within six months after the judgment

was signed; (2) she was a party to the underlying lawsuit; (3) she did not participate in any hearing

that resulted in the judgment complained of and did not timely file any postjudgment motions or

requests for findings of fact and conclusions of law; and (4) error is apparent on the face of the

record. Id. Only the fourth element is in dispute here.

               For the purposes of a restricted appeal, the face of the record consists of the clerk’s

record, the reporter’s record (if one was made), and any evidence otherwise presented to the

trial court before final judgment. See Norman Commc’ns v. Texas Eastman Co., 955 S.W.2d 269,

270 (Tex. 1997) (per curiam); Schoendienst v. Haug, 399 S.W.3d 313, 316 (Tex. App.—Austin

2013, no pet.). Error must be apparent from the face of the record, not inferred from the record.

Schoendienst, 399 S.W.3d at 316. In a restricted appeal, as in an ordinary appeal, we review the

entire case. See Norman, 955 S.W.2d at 270; Schoendienst, 399 S.W.3d at 316.

Service of citation

               In her first issue, Gutierrez contends that the service of citation was fatally defective

because the return of service failed to include a valid date and time that the process server received

the documents. The officer’s return at the bottom of the citation bears a stamp reading, “See

Attached Return of Service,” and the attached affidavit of service states that the process server

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“received the documents stated below on 07/19/12 18:21 pm.” Gutierrez asserts that the time

stated in the affidavit is invalid because it conflates two methods for telling time: military time and

standard time. According to Gutierrez, “18:21 pm” is ambiguous because the intended time could

have been 6:21 pm or 8:21 pm, depending on the typographical error the process server committed.

In addition, Gutierrez argues that Portfolio judicially admitted that the time is invalid.

                Proper citation and return of service are required for the trial court to exercise

personal jurisdiction over the defendant. TAC Ams., Inc. v. Boothe, 94 S.W.3d 315, 318–19 (Tex.

App.—Austin 2002, no pet.). Strict compliance with the rules for service of citation must affirmatively

appear on the record for a default judgment to withstand a direct attack. Primate Constr., Inc. v.

Silver, 884 S.W.2d 151, 152 (Tex. 1994). In an attack on a default judgment by restricted appeal, we

make no presumptions in favor of a valid issuance, service, or return of citation. Boothe, 94 S.W.3d

at 319. “Virtually any deviation will be sufficient to set aside a default judgment” in a restricted

appeal. Becker v. Russell, 765 S.W.2d 899, 900 (Tex. App.—Austin 1989, no writ).

                The return of service must include “the date and time the process was received for

service.” Tex. R. Civ. P. 107(b)(4). We conclude that the return of service in this case included a

valid date and time. The affidavit indicates that the server received the documents at 6:21 pm,

which is 18:21 in military time.1 The only way “18:21 pm” could be an error, as Gutierrez contends,

is if the process server intended to use standard time. If so, the time noted would include a

       1
          In her brief, Gutierrez, without citing additional authority or providing explanation, asserts
that Portfolio’s service of citation was fatally defective because “the process server failed to endorse
the return on the original citation with the day and hour on which he received it.” To the extent
Gutierrez argues that the date and time must appear on the bottom portion of the citation itself in
addition to the attached affidavit of service, we reject that argument. Rule 107 states that “[t]he
return may, but need not, be endorsed on or attached to the citation.” Tex. R. Civ. P. 107(a).

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typographical error. If, however, the process server’s notation is in military time, then the “pm”

is redundant, but the time is not ambiguous. Either way, the time notation does not create an

impermissible ambiguity. Although this Court has previously recognized that “we cannot ignore

temporal references in the citation’s return that are nonsensical and incapable of reconciliation,”

Boothe, 94 S.W.3d at 321, “18:21 pm” is not nonsensical and does not contradict times provided

elsewhere in the affidavit, which noted that the process server served the documents on July 20, the

day after receiving the documents.

               We next consider whether Portfolio judicially admitted that the time included in

the affidavit was ambiguous. After Gutierrez filed her notice of appeal, Portfolio filed, in the trial

court, a motion for leave to file amended return of service. The trial court granted the motion, and

Portfolio filed an amended return stating that the process server received the documents “on

07/19/12 6:21 pm.” Gutierrez argues that by filing an amended return in the trial court Portfolio has

made a judicial admission that the original return of service was ambiguous.2 We conclude that

Portfolio’s motion to amend was not a judicial admission because it was not a deliberate, clear, and

unequivocal admission that the original return was ambiguous. See Catherman v. First State Bank

of Smithville, 796 S.W.2d 299, 302 (Tex. App.—Austin 1990, no writ) (judicial admission must be

“deliberate, clear, and unequivocal”).

               Because we conclude that the original return of service was sufficient and that

Portfolio has not made a judicial admission to the contrary, we overrule Gutierrez’s first issue.

       2
           Gutierrez also argues that the trial court lacked the authority to grant Portfolio’s motion
to amend the return. Because we conclude that the original return was sufficient without giving
effect to the amended return, we do not decide whether Portfolio’s amendment was valid.

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Sufficiency of the pleadings

                In her second and third issues, Gutierrez contends that Portfolio’s petition fails to

state a cause of action and does not give Gutierrez fair notice of Portfolio’s claim. “Texas follows

a ‘fair notice’ standard for pleading, in which courts assess the sufficiency of pleadings by determining

whether an opposing party can ascertain from the pleading the nature, basic issues, and the type of

evidence that might be relevant to the controversy.” Low v. Henry, 221 S.W.3d 609, 612 (Tex.

2007); see also Tex. R. Civ. P. 45 (petition shall “consist of a statement in plain and concise

language of the plaintiff’s cause of action”); Tex. R. Civ. P. 47 (petition shall contain “a short

statement of the cause of action sufficient to give fair notice of the claim involved”). “A petition

is sufficient if it gives fair and adequate notice of the facts upon which the pleader bases his

claim. The purpose of this rule is to give the opposing party information sufficient to enable him to

prepare a defense.” Horizon/CMS Healthcare Corp. v. Auld, 34 S.W.3d 887, 897 (Tex. 2000)

(quoting Roark v. Allen, 633 S.W.2d 804, 810 (Tex. 1982)); see also Hays Cnty. v. Hays Cnty. Water

Planning P’ship, 69 S.W.3d 253, 258 (Tex. App.—Austin 2002, no pet.) (“Fair notice under the

rules is met if an opposing attorney can ascertain the nature and the basic issues of the controversy

from the pleadings.”). Accordingly, a plaintiff is not required to “set out in his pleadings the evidence

upon which he relies to establish his asserted cause of action.” Paramount Pipe & Supply Co., Inc.

v. Muhr, 749 S.W.2d 491, 494–95 (Tex. 1988).

                We conclude that Portfolio’s petition sufficiently pleads a cause of action for breach

of contract against Gutierrez. “When a cause of action is based on breach of contract, the plaintiff

must show that a contract existed between the parties, that the contract created duties, that the

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defendant breached a duty under the contract, and that the plaintiff sustained damages as a result.”

Snyder v. Eanes Indep. Sch. Dist., 860 S.W.2d 692, 695 (Tex. App.—Austin 1993, writ denied);

see also Hur v. City of Mesquite, 893 S.W.2d 227, 233 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 1995, writ denied)

(listing allegations party must make to plead cause of action for breach of contract). Portfolio’s

petition alleges that Gutierrez entered into an agreement with Portfolio’s predecessor in interest

whereby Gutierrez accepted an extension of credit and became bound to repay the debt. The petition

further alleges that Gutierrez breached her duty to make the required payments and that Gutierrez

owes Portfolio a balance of $4,448.61. These allegations are sufficient to allow Gutierrez to “ascertain

the nature and the basic issues” of Portfolio’s breach-of-contract claim. See Hays Cnty., 69 S.W.3d

at 258. Therefore, Portfolio’s petition is sufficient to support the trial court’s default judgment, and

we need not consider whether Portfolio properly pleaded additional causes of action. We overrule

Gutierrez’s second and third issues.

                                          CONCLUSION

                Having overruled each of Gutierrez’s issues, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                                __________________________________________

                                                Scott K. Field, Justice

Before Justices Puryear, Goodwin, and Field

Affirmed

Filed: February 26, 2015

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