Court Opinion

ID: 2846189
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-09-03 20:03:23.241533+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:32:12.926858
License: Public Domain

In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                              OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                       Filed: August 12, 2015

 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *                *               UNPUBLISHED
 ELISSA CASCIO,                             *
                                            *               No. 14-107V
                                            *
               Petitioner,                  *               Special Master Dorsey
                                            *
 v.                                         *               Dismissal; Pneumococcal
                                            *               Polysaccharide Vaccine;
 SECRETARY OF HEALTH                        *               Pneumovax; Vaccine Not
 AND HUMAN SERVICES,                        *               Covered; Failure to State a
                                            *               Claim for which Relief may be
               Respondent.                  *               Granted
                                            *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 Rhett Gordon Lunceford, Smart, Schofield, et al., Murray, UT, for petitioner.
 Gordon Elliot Shemin, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for respondent.

                                     DISMISSAL DECISION1

I.      Introduction

         On February 6, 2014, Elissa Cascio (“petitioner”) filed a petition pursuant to the National
 Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (the “Vaccine Act”).2 Ms. Cascio alleged that as a result
 of receiving two pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on February 9, 2011, she suffered from
 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and serum sickness. Petition at 1-2. Because
 petitioner has been unable to provide preponderant evidence that she received a vaccine covered
 by the Vaccine Act, her petition is dismissed.

 1
   Because this unpublished decision contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case,
 the undersigned intends to post this decision on the website of the United States Court of Federal
 Claims, in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002 § 205, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 (2006). In
 accordance with the Vaccine Rules, each party has 14 days within which to request redaction “of
 any information furnished by that party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial in
 substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similar files, the
 disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine Rule
 18(b). Further, consistent with the rule requirement, a motion for redaction must include a
 proposed redacted decision. If, upon review, the undersigned agrees that the identified material
 fits within the requirements of that provision, such material will be deleted from public access.
 2
   The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program is set forth in Part 2 of the National
 Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755, codified as amended,
 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-1 to -34 (2006) (Vaccine Act or the Act). All citations in this decision to
 individual sections of the Vaccine Act are to 42 U.S.C.A. § 300aa.
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II.    Factual Background

           a. Medical Records

         Ms. Cascio was born on June 27, 1958, and was 52 years old at the time she received the
vaccination at issue in this case. In her petition, Ms. Cascio alleged that she received two (2)
pneumococcal vaccinations on February 9, 2011. Petition (“Pet.”) at 1. The medical records
from this February 9, 2011 visit note that petitioner received “0.5 ml pneumococcal vaccine” in
her left deltoid. See Medical Records from Salt Lake City VA Hospital at 244.3 The record
specifically states:

       Pneumococcal Vaccine:
       Patient received 0.5 ml pneumococcal vaccine at this encounter.
       Series: Complete
       Reaction: None
       Manufacturer and lot number: Merek & Co lot 1296Z exp 20 April 2012

       - IM in left deltoid
       Vaccine Information Statement for pneumococcal(4/16/10)reviewed,
       given to pt/SO and they had opportunity to ask questions: Yes
       Level of Understanding: Good

       /es/ NORMA RAE CUTTER, LPN
       LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSE
       Signed: 02/09/2011 09:18

        Id. There is no reference on this visit note that two pneumococcal vaccines were given
– only one.

       On February 10, 2011, petitioner spoke with a nurse at the office of her primary care
physician and reported that she had a localized reaction to the pneumococcal vaccine she
received the day prior. The medical record states:

       Patient calling this RN to report a localized reaction to the pneumococcal vaccine.
       The patient describes ‘My arm is swollen as big as a tennis ball and is black and
       blue where the shot went in’ . . . . No other s/s of allergic type reaction at this
       time. This RN recommended that the patient come to the ED now for evaluation.
       The patient and her husband both declined stating ‘we have to take two buses and
       it takes us two hours’ . . . . Husband and patient report she is feeling a bit better
       since[] the onset of symptoms last night at 2300. Site is not currently red, is not
       inflamed and is not warm to the touch.

       Id. at 232. Petitioner was advised to go to the emergency room (“ER”) if

3
 Petitioner did not assign an exhibit numbers to the records that were filed on compact disc on
August 11, 2014. The records were filed in two sets, designated by the Notice of Filing filed on
August 5, 2014, as (1) Medical Records from Salt Lake City VA Hospital, and (2) Medical
Records from St. George VA Community Based Outreach Clinic. The records will be cited
accordingly.
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symptoms of redness, inflammation or if the area around the shot became warm to the
touch. Id.

       Two days later, on February 11, 2011, petitioner presented to the ER at Salt Lake City
Hospital with a chief complaint of an allergic reaction to “pneumonia vaccine,” low blood
pressure, a migraine, and an erythematous, circular patch on her left deltoid. See Medical
Records from Salt Lake City VA Hospital at 169. The history of present illness states:

       [a] 52-year-old white female who had a pneumonia shot in the left deltoid 48
       hours ago. Since then she has developed a migraine headache for 2 days. Her
       pulse has been high. She has had a low grade fever. She is quite distraught. . . .
       They felt a nodule under the skin where injection was done and today it has
       become red around the area . . . .

       Id.

Petitioner was assessed with an acute localized allergic reaction, acute migraine headache, and
tachycardia. She treated with an IV, Benadryl, Bactrim, and discharged. She was told to return
to the ER in two days for follow-up. Id. at 169-70.

        On February 13, 2011, petitioner returned to the ER for the follow-up visit. The
attending physician noted that petitioner had an allergic reaction to “a pneumococcal pneumonia
shot in her left deltoid.” See Medical Records from Salt Lake City VA Hospital at 163. The
examination of her left arm showed “an area over the deltoid that has about a 3cm area of
induration underneath this.” Id. Petitioner was assessed with a local allergic reaction to an
injection of pneumococcal vaccine. Id. The attending physician also noted that petitioner did
not appear systemically ill, but recommended that she return in 48 hours for another follow-up
visit. Id. at 164.

        An addendum to petitioner’s medical records dated February 14, 2011, states that
petitioner reported that she was allergic to Latex and she felt this was the cause of her allergic
reaction to the vaccine. See Medical Records from Salt Lake City VA Hospital at 232-33. It
was noted that:

       [p]atient verbalizes frustration with the Blue Clinic staff in receiving this vaccine
       on Wednesday 9 February and reports she was not asked if she was allergic to any
       medications. Patient reports she was given the vaccine education sheet to review.
       Patient is going to return to the ED tomorrow for follow-up evaluation.

       Id. at 233.

        Petitioner returned to the ER on February 15, 2011, for her follow-up visit. See Medical
Records from Salt Lake City VA Hospital at 157. On observation, petitioner’s left deltoid was
slightly warm, tender, and indurated to “about 5 x 5 cm.” Id. The attending physician noted that
he did not feel that petitioner had an abscess or infection, but recommended that she continue her
course of antibiotics. He noted that petitioner “looks to be doing well and is improving per

                                                  3
history and by examination.” Id. at 158.

        Three days later, on February 18, 2011, petitioner’s husband called the ER’s nurse
telephone line to report that petitioner had a “golf ball size” area of swelling on her arm where
she received the pneumococcal vaccine. See Medical Records from Salt Lake City VA Hospital
at 155. On February 28, 2011, petitioner again presented to the ER with a chief complaint of “a
lump the size of a ping pong ball in the left upper arm area. [Patient states] it is a reaction to her
PNA shot she received 3 weeks ago.” See Medical Records from Salt Lake City VA Hospital at
149. She was referred to the walk-in clinic for physical therapy treatment on her left deltoid. Id.
at 144. Petitioner’s medical records indicate that she had a continual reaction to the
pneumococcal vaccine until April 2011. See Primary Care Preventive Maintenance Medical
Records at 81.

           b. Affidavit

        In her affidavit, Ms. Cascio stated that she “had a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine given
to [her] on February 9, 2011 at the VA Hospital in Salt lake City, Utah.” Petitioner’s Exhibit 1 at
1. She stated that after receiving the vaccine, she developed a migraine headache and low blood
pressure. Ms. Cascio reported to the ER on February 11, 2011, because her left arm was
“swollen up and became inflamed and red” at the injection site. Id. Ms. Cascio stated that to this
day, her arm continues to have “a little, hard ball in it.” Id. She further stated that “since the
time of the vaccination,” she has experienced concerns with diabetes, chronic kidney disease and
serum sickness. Id. She also continues to experience flu-like symptoms that cause her to be
“nonfunctional three (3) to four (4) times a week. Id. at 2. There is no reference by Ms. Cascio
to two pneumococcal vaccines in her affidavit.

III.   Procedural Background

       The petition was filed on February 6, 2014. Medical records and a statement of
completion were filed on March 11, 2014, but the records did not include a record of
vaccination. Petitioner was granted additional time to request and file additional medical records
and information to clarify the type of vaccination petitioner received on February 9, 2011.

         Petitioner filed additional medical records on August 11, 2014. A status conference was
held on January 6, 2015, to address the status of the medical record collection and to investigate
whether the vaccine petitioner received was covered by the Vaccine Act. Respondent identified
the medical record which documented the pneumococcal vaccine administered to petitioner,
including the manufacturer and lot number of the vaccine. See Medical Records from Salt Lake
City VA Hospital at 250. The undersigned requested that respondent further investigate and
verify the vaccine petitioner received based on the lot number and manufacturer information, and
to file a status report regarding her investigation. See Order filed Jan. 7, 2015, ECF No. 20.

        On February 5, 2015, respondent filed a status report reporting the outcome of her
investigation with the medical personnel at the Division of Vaccine Injury Compensation
Programs (DVIC). Respondent confirmed that the vaccine petitioner received was, in fact, a

                                                  4
vaccine manufactured by Merck. Further, respondent verified that the only pneumococcal
vaccination manufactured by Merck is the Pneumovax 23 vaccine, the adult pneumococcal
vaccine, which is a vaccine not covered by the Vaccine Act. See Respondent’s Status Report
filed Feb. 5, 2015, ECF No. 21.

        An Order to Show Cause was issued on February 23, 2015, ordering petitioner to provide
evidence that she received a vaccine covered by the Vaccine Act or her petition would be
dismissed. See Order to Show Cause issued Feb. 23, 2015, ECF No. 22. Petitioner filed several
motions for enlargement which granted her six months of additional time to provide evidence
disputing the medical records and respondent’s investigation. Petitioner failed, however, to
provide any refuting evidence.

IV.    Applicable Legal Standards

        The Vaccine Act provides that, in order to be eligible to file a petition, the vaccinee must
have “received a vaccine set forth in the Vaccine Injury Table.” Section 11(c)(1)(A). Cases
concerning vaccines not included in the Vaccine Injury Table result in dismissals. See, e.g.
Charette v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 94-492V, 33 Fed. Cl. 488 (1995) (typhoid
vaccine); Schmidt v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 11-401V, 2011 WL 6148590 (Fed.
Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 21, 2011) (Pneumovax 23); Nilsen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No.
10-110V, 2010 WL 1753471 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 6, 2010) (shingles vaccine); Silet v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 04-1332V, 2004 WL 2677195 (Fed. Cl. Nov. 2, 2004)
(hepatitis A vaccine not on Vaccine Injury Table at that time).

        When medical records and affidavits contain discrepancies or contradictions, the
“[m]edical records, in general, warrant consideration as trustworthy evidence.” Cucuras v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., 993 F.2d at 1525, 1526 (Fed. Cir. 1993). In the face of conflicting
oral testimony and contemporaneous medical records, special masters may give greater weight to
contemporaneous medical records. Id. Contemporaneous medical records are presumed to be
accurate. Id. at 1528.

V.     Discussion

        There are two types of pneumococcal vaccines– a pneumococcal conjugate and a
polysaccharide-vaccine. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is recommended for children and
is expressly covered under Category XII of the Vaccine Injury Table. 42 C.F.R. § 100.3(a)(XII)
(2011); see also 66 Fed. Reg. 28, 166 (May 22, 2001) (“Through this notice, pneumococcal
conjugate vaccines are now included as covered vaccines . . . [on] the Table. The CDC only
recommends pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to the Secretary for routine administration to
children. Polysaccharide-type pneumococcal vaccines are not covered under the [Vaccine Act]
or included on the Table.”). Pneumovax 23 is a polysaccharide-type vaccine, and it is not on the
Vaccine Injury Table. 42 C.F.R. § 100.3(a). See e.g., Amin v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
No. 13-300V, 2013 WL 3994322, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 29, 2013); Bundy v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 12-769V, 2014 WL 348852, at *1-2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan. 8,
2014); Finley v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 04-874V, 2004 WL 2059490 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. Aug. 24, 2004); see also National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Addition

                                                 5
of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines to the Vaccine Injury Table, 66 Fed. Reg. 28, 166 (May
22, 2001).

       To be entitled to compensation under the Vaccine Act, it is petitioner’s burden to provide
evidence to demonstrate that she “received a vaccine set forth in the Vaccine Injury Table.” See
42 U.S.C. § 300aa-11(c)(1)(A). If it is determined that petitioner received only the Pneumovax
23 vaccine, her petition must be dismissed.

       The petition alleges that Ms. Cascio received two pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on
February 9, 2011. In her affidavit, however, Ms. Cascio repeatedly refers to the vaccine in
singular form. For example, Ms. Cascio states that she received “a pneumococcal conjugate
vaccine…. on February 9, 2011.” In fact, Ms. Cascio’s entire affidavit refers to the
pneumococcal vaccine in the singular, evidence that she received just one vaccination.

        In addition, all of the references to the pneumococcal vaccine in petitioner’s medical
records refer to the February 9, 2011 pneumococcal vaccine in singular form, showing that
petitioner received only one vaccination. The record is replete with references to the
pneumococcal vaccine in the singular form. There is no statement in any of the medical records
which shows that petitioner received two pneumococcal vaccines on February 9, 2011. The only
record that could possibly be interpreted to indicate that petitioner received two pneumococcal
vaccinations on February 9, 2011, is petitioner’s exhibit 2, pages 1-2, which contains a list of
medications. The list contains separate entries for PNEUMO-VAC and PNEU-ADULT
immunizations. Petitioner’s Exhibit 2 at 1-2. But these entries do not contain the name of the
manufacturer, the lot number, or the signature of the health care provider who administered the
vaccine. The specific medical record that documents the vaccination lists the name of the nurse
who administered the vaccine, Norma Rae Cutter, LPN, the type of vaccine administered,
manufacturer and lot number, site of the administration, and the patient’s level of understanding.
See Medical Records from Salt Lake City VA Hospital at 244. This contemporaneous medical
record documented by the licensed nurse, who administered the vaccine, is the best evidence of
what occurred, and therefore, is given the most weight.

        Moreover, the CDC guidelines show that it is more likely that Ms. Cascio received the
pneumococcal polysaccharide-type vaccine. The CDC4 recommends that the pneumococcal
conjugate vaccine (PCV13) be given to all children younger than 5 years old, all adults 65 years
or older, and people with certain risk factors. People ages 2 through 64 years old who are high
risk of pneumococcal disease are recommended to receive the PV23 vaccine.5 The CDC also
states that PV23 is not be given with the PCV13, i.e., it is not recommended that a person receive
both vaccines. Under the CDC guidelines, Ms. Cascio at 52 years of age, would have received
PV23, the adult pneumococcal vaccine. It is highly unlikely that a licensed nurse would have
ignored the CDC guidelines and administered both the child and adult pneumococcal vaccines to
Ms. Cascio, especially when the nurse carefully documented the vaccine she administered,
including the date, time and location of the injection. See Medical Records from Salt Lake City
VA Hospital at 244.

4
    http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/pneumo/vac-PCV13-adults.htm#recommendations
5
    http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/pneumo/vacc-in-short.htm
                                                6
         In response to the Order to Show Cause that was issued on June 4, 2015, petitioner did
not file any evidence, but instead requested that an investigation take place to determine which
vaccine she received. The undersigned and respondent have already investigated this issue and
resolved it. Further, the undersigned has afforded petitioner nearly a year and a half to
investigate the circumstances surrounding her February 9, 2011 vaccination and to provide proof.
Petitioner failed to provide any evidence. For all of these reasons, the undersigned finds that the
vaccine received by Ms. Cascio February 9, 2011, was the adult pneumococcal 23 vaccine which
is not covered under the Vaccine Act.

        As stated above, an Order to Show Cause was issued affording petitioner a final
opportunity to present evidence that she received a vaccine covered by the Vaccine Act was
issued on June 4, 2015. Petitioner filed a response simply restating the information in her
petition without providing additional evidence, and thus, petitioner has failed to provide
preponderant evidence that she received a vaccine covered by the Vaccine Act. It is petitioner’s
burden to provide evidence to demonstrate that she “received a vaccine set forth in the Vaccine
Injury Table,” see 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-11(c)(1)(A). Thus, the undersigned must dismiss the
petition.

VI.    Conclusion

         Because petitioner did not receive a vaccine covered under the Act, petitioner has failed
to state a claim for which relief may be granted. Therefore, the undersigned must dismiss this
petition. The petition is DISMISSED.

       IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                              s/Nora B. Dorsey
                                              Nora B. Dorsey
                                              Special Master

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