Court Opinion

ID: 4243513
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-08 18:30:59.060047+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:36:47.374269
License: Public Domain

J-S73029-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
               v.                              :
                                               :
                                               :
    LEON JEROME MILLER                         :
                                               :
                      Appellant                :   No. 817 MDA 2017

              Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence April 18, 2017
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Adams County Criminal Division at No(s):
                            CP-01-CR-0000733-2016

BEFORE:      OLSON, J., DUBOW, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.:                             FILED FEBRUARY 08, 2018

        Appellant Leon Jerome Miller, appeals from the Judgment of Sentence

imposed after he entered pleas of nolo contendere to one count of Person

Not to Possess or Use a Firearm and three counts of Terroristic Threats.1

Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence and the

effectiveness of plea counsel. With this appeal, Appellant’s counsel, Kristin

L. Rice, Esquire, has filed a Petition to Withdraw and an Anders2 brief,

stating that the appeal is wholly frivolous.        After careful review, we affirm

the Judgment of Sentence and grant counsel’s Petition to Withdraw.

____________________________________________

1   18 Pa.C.S § 6105(a)(1) and 18 Pa.C.S. § 2706(a)(1), respectively.

2   Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967).

____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S73029-17

       On January 17, 2017, Appellant entered an open plea of nolo

contendere to the above charges. The trial court ordered, and subsequently

reviewed, a Pre-Sentence Investigation Report.

       On April 18, 2017, the court sentenced Appellant to a standard range

sentence of 42 to 84 months’ incarceration for the Person not to Possess

conviction and 12 months’ probation for each of the Terroristic Threats

convictions, to run concurrently with his term of incarceration.3 On April 25,

2017, Appellant filed a Post-Sentence Motion for Reduction of Sentence in

which he challenged the discretionary aspects of his sentence.         The Court

denied this Motion that same day.

       On May 15, 2017, Appellant filed a Notice of Appeal.        Appellant and

the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

       In this Court, Appellant’s counsel has filed both an Anders brief and a

Petition to Withdraw as Counsel.          In her Anders brief, counsel raises two

issues of arguable merit for this Court’s review:

       1. Whether the [c]ourt abused its discretion in declining to
          impose an aggregate sentence in the mitigated range?
____________________________________________

3 The court correctly computed Appellant’s sentence using a Prior Record
Score of 3 and an Offense Gravity Score of 10 as reflected in the Pre-
Sentence Investigation Report. We note that the court’s written Sentencing
Order contains a typographical error indicating a Prior Record Score of 5.
This typographical error does not reflect factors used by the court in
calculating Appellant’s actual sentence. See N.T., 4/17/17, at 2 (“At least
on the [P]erson’s not to [P]ossess [P]rior [R]ecord [S]core of three, OGS of
10. There’s six adult arrests and five convictions from what I have here.”).
Appellant does not challenge this issue on appeal.

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      2. Whether [A]ppellant’s plea of guilty was unknowingly entered
         due to ineffective assistance of counsel?

Anders Brief at 6.

      As Appellant’s counsel has filed an Anders Brief, we must consider her

request to withdraw prior to reviewing Appellant’s claims on the merits.

Commonwealth v. Daniels, 999 A.2d 590, 593 (Pa. Super. 2010).

Counsel has complied with the mandated procedure for withdrawing as

counsel. See Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 361 (Pa. 2009)

(articulating Anders requirements); Daniels, supra at 594 (providing that

counsel must inform client by letter of rights to proceed once counsel moves

to withdraw and append a copy of the letter to the petition). Appellant has

not filed a response.

      Thus, we now have the responsibility to make a “full examination of all

the proceedings, to decide whether the case is wholly frivolous.” Anders,

supra at 744; Commonwealth v. Vilsaint, 893 A.2d 753, 755 (Pa. Super.

2006).

      Appellant first challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence by

contending that the trial court abused its discretion in imposing a sentence

above the mitigated range. See Anders Brief at 13.

      A challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentencing is not

automatically reviewable as a matter of right. Commonwealth v. Hunter,

768 A.2d 1136, 1144 (Pa. Super. 2001). Prior to reaching the merits of a

discretionary sentencing issue:

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        We conduct a four part analysis to determine: (1) whether
        appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 902
        and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved at
        sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify sentence,
        see [Pa.R.Crim.P. 720]; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal
        defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a substantial
        question that the sentence appealed from is not appropriate
        under the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).

Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citations

omitted).

        In the instant case, Appellant met the first three elements by filing a

timely Notice of Appeal, properly preserving the issue in a Post-Sentence

Motion to modify his sentence, and including a Statement of Reasons Relied

Upon for Allowance of Appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) (“Rule 2119(f)

Statement”). Thus, we proceed to address whether Appellant’s sentencing

challenge raises a substantial question for our review.

        As to whether Appellant has presented a substantial question, we

note:

        The determination of what constitutes a substantial question
        must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.          A substantial
        question exists only when the appellant advances a colorable
        argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were either: (1)
        inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or
        (2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the
        sentencing process.

Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citations

and quotation omitted).

        “A substantial question exists where an appellant sets forth a plausible

argument that the sentence violates a particular provision of the Sentencing

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Code or is contrary to the fundamental norms underlying the sentencing

process.” Commonwealth v. Johnson, G., 873 A.2d 704, 708 (Pa. Super.

2005).

       Appellant asserts that his sentence is excessive because he suffers

from severe bipolar disorder and had based his possession of a firearm on

the mistaken belief that he was legally allowed to possess one.4       Anders

Brief at 13. He contends the court should have considered these mitigating

factors before imposing sentence.

       Generally, a bald claim of excessiveness based on inadequate

consideration of mitigating factors fails to raise a substantial question. See,

e.g., Commonwealth v Austin, 66 A.3d 798, 808 (Pa. Super. 2013).

Additionally, we have held “[t]hat the court[’s] refus[al] to weigh the

proposed mitigating factors as Appellant wished, absent more, does not

raise a substantial question.”            Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 175 (citations

omitted).

       Appellant’s claim amounts to no more than a bald allegation that the

court abused its discretion in failing to consider mitigating factors as he

____________________________________________

4 With respect to this assertion, Appellant claims that he legally possessed a
weapon because he believed that his 1989 felony conviction for violation of
the Controlled Substances Act had been reduced to a misdemeanor and that
he had successfully passed a background check in 1995 related to an earlier
weapon purchase. See Anders Brief at 10, 13.

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wished. Pursuant to the above case law, he has failed to raise a substantial

question.

       In any event, a review of the record belies Appellant’s claim.        The

sentencing court was fully aware of the mitigating circumstances and

accounted for Appellant’s condition in its Sentencing Order.5 Moreover, the

court had the benefit of a Pre-Sentence Investigation Report, and expressly

noted that it considered “all of the information that has been made available

. . . [and] does not find cause to mitigate from the standard guideline

range.”       Sentencing      Order,    4/18/17,   at   2   (unpaginated).   See

Commonwealth v. Hobson, 604 A.2d 717, 721 (Pa. Super. 1991) (stating

that, where a pre-sentence report exists, a claim that the sentencing court

failed to give sufficient weight to certain mitigating factors does not raise a

substantial question); see also Commonwealth v. Devers, 546 A.2d 12,

18 (Pa. 1988) (holding that where a pre-sentence investigation report exists,

there is a presumption that the sentencing judge was aware of and

adequately considered information relevant to the defendant’s character, as

well as any mitigating factors.)

       In essence, Appellant is asking this Court to substitute its judgment for

that of the sentencing court by reweighing these mitigating circumstances in
____________________________________________

5 “The Department of Corrections is advised that [Appellant] has indicated
there is bipolar diagnosis and appropriate treatment and consideration
should be given by the Department of Corrections.” Sentencing Order,
4/18/17, at 2-3 (unpaginated).

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a light more favorable to him.           We decline to do so.         See, e.g.,

Commonwealth v. Brown, 741 A.2d 726, 735 (Pa. Super. 1999), appeal

denied, 790 A.2d 1013 (Pa. 2001) (“[W]hen reviewing sentencing matters,

we must accord the sentencing court great weight as it is in the best position

to view the defendant’s character, displays of remorse, defiance or

indifference, and the overall effect and nature of the crime.”) (citation

omitted).

      Next, Appellant challenges the effective assistance rendered by his

plea counsel. We decline to review this challenge.

      Litigation of ineffectiveness claims is not generally a proper component

of a defendant’s direct appeal, and is presumptively deferred for collateral

attack under the PCRA. See Commonwealth v. Holmes, 79 A.3d 562, 578

(Pa. 2013) (establishing a deferral rule for ineffectiveness claims litigated

after its decision in Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d 726 (Pa. 2002)).

However, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has recognized two exceptions to

the rule that ineffectiveness claims should be deferred until collateral review,

both falling within the discretion of the trial court:

      First, we held that trial courts retain discretion, in extraordinary
      circumstances, to entertain a discrete claim of trial counsel
      ineffectiveness if the claim is both apparent from the record and
      meritorious, such that immediate consideration best serves the
      interest of justice. Second, we held that trial courts also have
      discretion to entertain prolix claims of ineffectiveness if there is a
      good cause shown and the unitary review thus permitted is
      accompanied by a knowing and express waiver by the defendant
      of the right to pursue a first PCRA petition.

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Commonwealth v. Arrington, 86 A.3d 831, 856-57 (Pa. 2014).

      Our review of the record indicates that neither of the exceptions

outlined in Arrington is satisfied in the instant matter.    Furthermore, we

note that the trial court did not conduct a hearing on the merits of

Appellant’s ineffectiveness of counsel claim.    In fact, the court expressly

declined to address this issue, correctly noting that such a claim is properly

raised on collateral review. Thus, we dismiss Appellant’s claim of ineffective

assistance of counsel without prejudice to raise it, along with any other post-

conviction claim, in a timely petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction

Relief Act.

      Our independent review of the record does not reveal any non-

frivolous arguments available to Appellant. We, therefore, affirm Appellant’s

Judgment of Sentence, and grant counsel’s Petition to Withdraw.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed. Counsel’s petition for leave to

withdraw is granted.

      Judge Olson joins the memorandum.

      Judge Strassburger concurs in result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 02/08/2018

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