Court Opinion

ID: 4165792
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-05-03 16:14:03.403574+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:38:12.722895
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 17-0357
                                Filed May 3, 2017

IN THE INTEREST OF H.L.,
Minor Child,

M.L., Mother,
       Appellant,

S.L., Father,
       Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Bremer County, Peter B. Newell,

District Associate Judge.

       A mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental

rights to their one-year-old daughter. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.

       Shanna M. Chevalier of Laird & Luhring, Waverly, for appellant mother.

       Mark A. Milder of Mark Milder Law Firm, Waverly, for appellant father.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Gretchen W. Kraemer, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee State.

       Elizabeth A. Batey of Vickers Law Office, Greene, guardian ad litem for

minor child.

       Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and Mullins, JJ.
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TABOR, Judge.

      H.L. is now one year old. She has never lived with her biological parents,

having been removed from their care days after her birth. The juvenile court

order terminating parental rights described mental-health issues, unstable

housing, refusals to participate in services, domestic violence, incarceration, and

methamphetamine abuse as barriers to placing H.L. in the custody of her

parents. The parents both challenge that order. After independently reviewing

the record, we conclude none of the parents’ arguments warrant relief.

Accordingly, we affirm on both appeals.

      I.     Facts and Prior Proceedings

      This family’s involvement with the Iowa Department of Human Services

(DHS) predated H.L.’s birth in March 2016.         The DHS found the mother,

Mercedes, and her then live-in boyfriend responsible for physical abuse against

Mercedes’s oldest daughter, who was airlifted to the University of Iowa Hospitals

and Clinics in Iowa City for treatment in 2014 after the one-year-old was found

unresponsive with cigarette burns and bruising “all over” her body. The juvenile

court terminated Mercedes’s rights to that child and another daughter in October

2015. By the time of those termination proceedings, Mercedes was married to

Steve, who was not the father of her two older daughters.

      H.L. is the child of Steve and Mercedes.          She was born with RH

alloimmunization hemolytic disease causing jaundice and anemia, which is a

serious blood-type incompatibility between mother and baby.         At birth, H.L.

required intensive care and blood transfusions. Hospital staff members were

concerned Steve and Mercedes were unable to meet H.L.’s medical needs. H.L.
                                          3

was removed from her parents’ care four days after birth and left the hospital for

placement in foster care.       The court adjudicated H.L. as a child in need of

assistance (CINA) in early April 2016.

       Over the next seven months, Steve and Mercedes regularly attended

supervised visitations with H.L. and forged a close bond with their daughter. But

outside of those visits, the parents made little progress in addressing the

underlying mental-health, substance-abuse, and stability issues identified by the

DHS and the juvenile court. Both parents had diagnoses of mental illness that

were not fully addressed. The DHS case worker testified the parents had resided

in at least six different locations that she was aware of in the past seven months,

and often did not reveal to the DHS where they were staying. Neither parent

secured steady employment. Both parents tested positive for methamphetamine

late in the CINA case and belatedly reported domestic violence in their

relationship.

       In October 2016, the State petitioned for termination of parental rights; the

juvenile court held a hearing on the petition on January 6 and February 17, 2017.

On the second day of the hearing, both parents were incarcerated for probation

violations and had been transported to court from separate jails in neighboring

counties. On February 22, 2017, the juvenile court filed an order terminating

Mercedes’s parental rights under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(g) (2017) and

the rights of both parents under section 232.116(1)(h). The parents separately

appeal the termination order.
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      II.    Scope and Standards of Review

      We review orders terminating parental rights de novo, which means we

examine both the facts and the law and decide anew those issues properly

preserved and presented. See In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 219 (Iowa 2016); In

re L.G., 532 N.W.2d 478, 480 (Iowa Ct. App. 1995). Determinations in child-

welfare cases must be supported by clear and convincing evidence—a standard

that is less burdensome than proof beyond a reasonable doubt but more

strenuous than a preponderance of the evidence; it means “there must be no

serious or substantial doubt about the correctness of a particular conclusion

drawn from the evidence.” In re B.B., 826 N.W.2d 425, 428 (Iowa 2013); see

also In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010).

      On the continuance issue, we review for an abuse of discretion. In re

R.B., 832 N.W.2d 375, 378 (Iowa Ct. App. 2013).

      III.   Analysis of Father’s Issues

      A. Denial of Continuance

      At the outset of the termination hearing, the father’s attorney asked for a

continuance, asserting two grounds:

      one, the parties have just within the last day or two decided they
      are not going to remain together. [Steve] would like to have time to
      be able to prove that he can do this on his own instead of having
      this as a team process like it has been up to this point; secondly, he
      did recently have to serve a ten-day sentence in Buchanan County.
      He just had to serve that within the last ten days and got out of jail,
      so in regards to the reports and recommendations he would like a
      continuance to prepare for the hearing.

Both the State and the guardian ad litem resisted.         The court denied the

continuance, pointing out the termination hearing had been scheduled for
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approximately three months and the DHS reports did not contain “a whole lot of

new information” that had occurred since the last review hearing in October

2016. The court also opined the status of the parents’ relationship would not be

“one of the critical issues” in the termination hearing.

       In his petition for appeal, Steve argues the court abused its discretion in

denying his request to continue the termination hearing.       He alleges going

forward with the hearing resulted in prejudice because his attorney “had to

present the case with minimal preparation and without giving an accurate picture

of the immediate future for each parent.”

       In juvenile cases, courts are not to grant continuances unless the moving

party can show “good cause.” Iowa Ct. R. 8.5. We will reverse the denial of a

continuance only if the party seeking the delay can show an “injustice” resulted.

See In re C.W., 554 N.W.2d 279, 281 (Iowa Ct. App. 1996). “The concept of

justice incorporates a prejudice component, which must be viewed in a pragmatic

fashion.” R.B., 832 N.W.2d at 378.

       Here, Steve’s prejudice argument is not strong. He had ample notice of

the termination hearing, and his counsel was prepared to cross-examine the

State’s witnesses concerning their reasons for recommending termination of

parental rights.   As for the parents’ decision to separate on the eve of the

termination hearing, that development did not compel a continuance.         While

domestic violence and the parents’ volatile marriage were considerations in the

termination proceedings, Steve had an opportunity to address their relationship

on the hearing’s second day, rescheduled more than one month later. But he
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opted to present no additional evidence on February 17, 2017. We find no abuse

of discretion in the court’s denial of the continuance.

       B. Reasonable Efforts

       Steve next contends the DHS failed to make reasonable efforts for

reunification, specifically by declining to move the parents past fully supervised

visitations. He argues the record shows no safety concerns about his parenting

skills that justified the supervision requirement.

       The DHS is required to “make every reasonable effort” to return a child

home “as quickly as possible consistent with the best interests of the child.” Iowa

Code § 232.102(7); In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 493 (Iowa 2000). In turn, the

parents must ask for additional services before permanency or termination

proceedings if they believe the current services to be inadequate. In re A.A.G.,

708 N.W.2d 85, 91 (Iowa Ct. App. 2005); see also Iowa Code § 232.99(3). Our

supreme court has held the State’s duty to make reasonable efforts toward

reunification is not “a strict substantive requirement of termination.” C.B., 611

N.W.2d at 493. “Instead, the scope of the efforts by the DHS to reunify parent

and child after removal impacts the burden of proving those elements of

termination which require reunification efforts.” Id. While visitation is imperative

in achieving reunification, its nature and extent is always controlled by the best

interests of the child. In re M.B., 553 N.W.2d 343, 345 (Iowa Ct. App. 1996).

       At the October 2016 review hearing, the DHS worker testified that when

Steve asked if he could move to unsupervised visitation with H.L., the worker

explained that if she didn’t know where he was living or who he was living with,

she was not able to approve unsupervised visitation. But Steve “still decided not
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to disclose that information.” The case worker testified the DHS did not have a

sufficient level of trust in the parents that the visits could be unsupervised. Under

these circumstances, H.L.’s best interests required continued monitoring of

visitation, given the parents’ instability and lack of transparency. We find no

violation of the reasonable-efforts requirement.

       C. Delay of Permanency for Six Months

       Steve also argues the district court erred in not granting him more time to

work toward reunification. See Iowa Code § 232.104(2)(b) (allowing court to

delay “placement of the child for an additional six months at which time the court

shall hold a hearing to consider modification of its permanency order”).          He

asserts: “There is no way to know for certain that the parents would be able to

turn things around and have the child returned within six months, but there are

signs that real and substantive changes are on the horizon.”

       We disagree with the father’s forecast. The record does not show any

burst of progress on his part. He had been jailed at the time of the termination

hearing. He admitted recently using methamphetamine and had no permanent

housing. As the juvenile court observed, the father had not “demonstrated an

honest or sincere investment in services.” On this record, we agree with the

juvenile court’s decision not to delay permanency. A.A.G., 708 N.W.2d at 92

(cautioning that court considering delay in permanency must bear in mind all

extended time is subtracted from child’s chance at a better home life).

       D. Closeness of Parent-Child Relationship

       Finally, Steve contends clear and convincing evidence showed termination

was detrimental to H.L. due to the closeness of the parent-child relationship. See
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Iowa Code § 232.116(3)(c). The record indeed shows H.L. has developed a

strong attachment to Steve and Mercedes and was comforted by them during

their regular visitations.   But the record also reveals H.L. viewed her foster

parents as her primary caregivers and had a strong bond with them. In this

situation, we are not persuaded termination of Steve’s parental rights would be

detrimental to H.L.’s well-being given the stability she has found by integrating

into her foster home over the past year. See In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 112

(Iowa 2014).

       IV.     Analysis of Mother’s Issues

       A. Statutory Ground

       Mercedes challenges the juvenile court’s basis for termination under Iowa

Code section 232.116(1)(g) but not (h).       When a juvenile court terminates

parental rights on more than one statutory ground, we only need to find one

ground supported to affirm. In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63, 64 (Iowa Ct. App. 1999).

Mercedes’s failure to challenge termination under paragraph (h) waives any

claim of error related to that ground. See Hyler v. Garner, 548 N.W.2d 864, 870

(Iowa 1996) (stating “our review is confined to those propositions relied upon by

the appellant for reversal on appeal”); Iowa R. App. P. 6.903(2)(g)(3) (“Failure to

cite authority in support of an issue may be deemed waiver of that issue.”).

Therefore, we affirm the juvenile court’s order terminating her parental rights

under section 232.116(1)(h).

       B. Best Interests

       Finally, Mercedes argues termination of her parental rights was not in

H.L.’s best interests. She contends her decision to divorce Steve will help her
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“overcome the co-dependency she was experiencing” and improve her ability to

appropriately parent H.L. But Mercedes is not specific as to why preserving the

mother-child relationship would benefit H.L. in the long run.

       In our best-interests assessment, we give primary consideration to H.L’s

safety, to the best placement for furthering her long-term nurturing and growth,

and to her physical, mental, and emotional condition and needs. See Iowa Code

§ 232.116(2); see also In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 37 (Iowa 2010). The concern

for H.L.’s safety looms large in our consideration. This mother has placed one of

her young children in harm’s way before.        And although H.L.’s autoimmune

issues had been resolved by the time of the termination proceedings, the child

still received occupational therapy for an eating issue she had developed. It is

not clear that Mercedes would be committed to obtaining any ongoing therapy

H.L. might require. During this CINA case, Mercedes has not demonstrated self-

sufficiency through employment or housing.       She has not participated in the

parenting or other services offered through the DHS. While ending an unhealthy

relationship with Steve may be a step in the right direction, that decision does not

ensure Mercedes’s ability to provide for H.L.’s future. We agree with the juvenile

court’s conclusion that moving H.L. toward adoption is in the child’s best

interests.

       AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.