Court Opinion

ID: 9457933
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-04 20:38:35.615119+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:35:34.898652
License: Public Domain

PER CURIAM:
James G. Ellingburg, petitioner-appellant, is imprisoned in the federal penitentiary at Texarkana, Texas, in the Eastern District of Texas. He has filed several civil actions and petitions for mandamus in the Northern District of Texas, alleging that he cannot get a fair hearing in the Eastern District of Texas. The civil action now before this Court asks for relief from various actions of prison officials including: 1) refusal to remove state detainers; 2) opening of Ellingburg’s mail; 3) denial of minimum custody, because of legal assistance furnished by Ellingburg to other prisoners; 4) spying on prisoners and their visitors; and 5) serving unequal portions of food. The district court treated the complaint as a petition for habeas corpus relief and dismissed the case for lack of “jurisdiction”, citing 28 U.S.C. § 2241(a).1
We hold that the district court erred in its characterization of the complaint and dismissal of the case. The complaint stated a civil action for damages and injunctive relief against officers and employees of an agency of the United States. 28 U.S.C. § 1391(e) provides :
A civil action in which each defendant is an officer or employee of the United States or any agency thereof acting in his official capacity or under color of legal authority, or an agency of the United States, may, except as otherwise provided by law, be brought in any judicial district in which: (1) a defendant in the action resides, or (2) the cause of action arose, or (3) any real property involved in the action is situated, or (4) the plaintiff resides if no real property is involved in the action.
Since none of the defendants resides in the Northern District of Texas, venue in the Northern District may not be predicated on § 1391(e) (1). The cause of action arose in the Eastern District of Texas; venue in the Northern District, therefore, may not be predicated on § 1391(e) (2). § 1391(e) (3) may not be used to establish venue in the Northern District of Texas, because no real property is involved in the case. Section 1391(e) (4), however, may be a basis for venue in the Northern District. For purposes of the venue statute, “One does not change his residence to the prison by virtue of being incarcerated there”. Cohen v. United States, 9 Cir. 1962, 297 F.2d 760, 774. “It is well established that the words ‘inhabitant’ and ‘resident in’, as used in Section 51 of the Judicial Code mean neither more nor less than legal domicile . . ..” King v. Wall & Beaver Street Corp., 1945, 79 U.S.App.D.C. 234, 145 F.2d 377, 379. See also Neuberger v. United States, 2 Cir. 1926, 13 F.2d 541; United States v. Stabler, 3 Cir. 1948, 169 F.2d 995; *242Smith v. Murchison, S.D.N.Y.1970, 310 F.Supp. 1079; 1962 U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News pp. 2784-90.
This record is silent as to Ellingburg’s domicile/residence. Accordingly, we remand the ease to the district court for it to determine Ellingburg’s “residence”. If his “residence” is located in the Northern District of Texas, venue is proper in that district under § 1391(e) (4); if venue is proper, the district court should proceed to hear the case. If venue is not proper, the district court should consider a change of venue under 28 U.S.C. § 1406.
Reversed and remanded.

. Writs of habeas corpus may be granted by the Supreme Court, any justice thereof, the district courts and any circuit judge within their respective jurisdictions. The order of • a circuit judge shall be entered in the records of the district court of the district wherein the restraint complained of is had.
28 U.S.C. § 2241(a).