Court Opinion

ID: 4462613
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-12-09 22:00:24.94552+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:53:31.350527
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        DEC 9 2019
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MICHAEL LEWIS; et al.,                          No.    17-56346

                Plaintiffs-Appellants,          D.C. No.
                                                3:13-cv-02818-H-JMA
 v.

COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO; et al.,                    MEMORANDUM*

                Defendants-Appellees.

MICHAEL LEWIS; et al.,                          No.    17-56421

                Plaintiffs-Appellees,           D.C. No.
                                                3:13-cv-02818-H-JMA
 v.

COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellants.

MICHAEL LEWIS; et al.,                          No.    18-55148

                Plaintiffs-Appellees,           D.C. No.
                                                3:13-cv-02818-H-JMA
 v.

COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO,

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
                Defendant-Appellant.

LAUREN TAYLOR; et al.,                         No.    18-55306

                Plaintiffs-Appellants,         D.C. No.
                                               3:13-cv-02818-H-JMA
 v.

COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Southern District of California
                    Marilyn L. Huff, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted October 17, 2019
                              Pasadena, California

Before: WARDLAW and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and BATAILLON,**
District Judge.

      These cross-appeals arise from the district court’s entry of an amended

judgment and award of $499,509.00 in attorneys’ fees against San Diego County

for its warrantless removal of two children from their home. We have jurisdiction

under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      The jury returned a verdict finding that only the supervising social worker,

      **
              The Honorable Joseph F. Bataillon, United States District Judge for
the District of Nebraska, sitting by designation.

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Benita Jemison,1 acted intentionally and unreasonably in instructing the social

workers at the scene, Ian Baxter and Nancy Quinteros, to remove the children. But

the jury also found that Jemison did not cause Fourth Amendment injury to the

children and was not deliberately indifferent to the parents’ Fourteenth

Amendment rights. Despite finding no underlying constitutional violation, the jury

found the County liable for failing to adequately train its social workers.

      Although the district court found the jury’s verdicts inconsistent, the parties

agreed that it was unnecessary to call the jury back to deliberate further. Instead,

they asked the court to resolve the inconsistency through post-trial motions. In an

order denying the parties’ post-trial motions, the district court amended the verdict

to find that Jemison caused the children’s Fourth Amendment injury as a matter of

law and upheld the verdict against the County. See Monell v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs.

of New York, 436 U.S. 658, 691 (1978).

      1. Judgment as a matter of law may be granted where “the evidence permits

only one reasonable conclusion, and that conclusion is contrary to the jury’s

verdict.” Wallace v. City of San Diego, 479 F.3d 616, 624 (9th Cir. 2004).

Because Baxter and Quinteros would not have removed the children unless

      1
         To avoid confusion, we refer to Plaintiffs-Appellants-Cross-Appellees
Michael Lewis, Linda Taylor, C.L., and B.L. collectively as “Plaintiffs” and
Defendants-Appellees-Cross-Appellants Ian Baxter, Nancy Quinteros, Benita
Jemison, and the County of San Diego collectively as “Defendants” throughout
this disposition.

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Jemison ordered them to do so, the only reasonable conclusion permitted by the

evidence is that Jemison caused a violation of the children’s Fourth Amendment

rights. Accordingly, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the

County’s motion to set aside the Monell verdict. See Transgo, Inc. v. Ajac

Transmission Parts Corp., 768 F.2d 1001, 1014 (9th Cir. 1985) (standard of

review).

      2. We lack jurisdiction over the denial of the County’s untimely motion

challenging the Monell verdict as a matter of law. The County filed a timely

“bare-bones motion” but stated no grounds for the motion in violation of Federal

Rule of Civil Procedure 7(b)(1). The County’s supplemental brief—filed after the

28-day deadline—cannot cure its failure to state any ground for the initial motion.

Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b)(2); cf. Roy v. Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft, 781 F.2d
670, 670 (9th Cir. 1985) (per curiam) (holding that, where a party specifies a

ground for a timely motion, a supplemental document filed outside the deadline

can furnish the necessary particularity). Notwithstanding the County’s untimely

motion, we find no error in the trial court’s ruling on the County’s liability. There

is sufficient evidence in the record to support the jury’s finding.

      3. The district court did not err in finding that Jemison is entitled to

qualified immunity. No clearly established law provides fair notice that removing

children from a home in circumstances like those here violates the Fourth

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Amendment. S.B. v. Cty. of San Diego, 864 F.3d 1010, 1015–16 (9th Cir. 2017);

Kirkpatrick v. Cty. of Washoe, 843 F.3d 784, 793 (9th Cir. 2016) (en banc).

      4. Nor did the district court abuse its discretion in denying Plaintiffs’

motion for a new trial on damages. Transgo, Inc., 768 F.2d at 1014 (standard of

review); Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 231 (2009) (stating qualified

immunity protects officials from liability for civil damages).

      5. Plaintiffs are not entitled to a new trial based on alleged errors in certain

evidentiary rulings and jury instructions. The district court did not commit

reversible error by: (i) not giving a procedural due process instruction, Gantt v.

City of Los Angeles, 717 F.3d 702, 707 (9th Cir. 2013); (ii) rejecting Plaintiffs’

proposed integral participation instruction, Jones v. Williams, 297 F.3d 930, 939

(9th Cir. 2002); (iii) admitting expert testimony on the dangers of concentrated

marijuana and marijuana labs, Fed. R. Evid. 103(a), 702(a); (iv) admitting social

workers’ lay testimony on exigent circumstances, Flores v. City of Westminster,

873 F.3d 739, 754 (9th Cir. 2017); (v) refusing to withdraw Michael Lewis’s

admissions, Conlon v. United States, 474 F.3d 616, 624 (9th Cir. 2007); and (vi)

excluding the grand jury report, Fed. R. Evid. 403.

      6. We lack jurisdiction to review the district court’s denial of summary

judgment. Ortiz v. Jordan, 562 U.S. 180, 183–84 (2011); Dixon v. Wallowa Cty.,

336 F.3d 1013, 1017 (9th Cir. 2003).

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      7. The district court did not abuse its discretion by awarding attorneys’ fees.

To award attorneys’ fees after a judgment for only nominal damages, the district

court must point to some additional way in which the litigation succeeded.

Mahach-Watkins v. Depee, 593 F.3d 1054, 1059 (9th Cir. 2010). The court must

weigh three factors in making this determination: (1) the difference between the

amount recovered and the damages sought; (2) the significance of the legal issue

on which the Plaintiff prevailed; and (3) whether the Plaintiff accomplished a

public goal. Id. Here, the district court properly weighed these factors and

reasonably concluded that the litigation would have a deterrent effect against

warrantless removal of children from their home without consideration of the

appropriate factors. See id. at 1062–63.

      8. The district court properly declined to further reduce the fee award based

on the results obtained because the court had already considered whether the

“significance of the overall relief obtained” justified the hours expended on the

litigation. See Cunningham v. Cty. of Los Angeles, 879 F.2d 481, 487–88 (9th Cir.

1988).

      For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

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