Court Opinion

ID: 9890779
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-16 14:06:35.426232+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:35:21.516231
License: Public Domain

NOTICE: Summary decisions issued by the Appeals Court pursuant to M.A.C. Rule
23.0, as appearing in 97 Mass. App. Ct. 1017 (2020) (formerly known as rule 1:28,
as amended by 73 Mass. App. Ct. 1001 [2009]), are primarily directed to the parties
and, therefore, may not fully address the facts of the case or the panel's
decisional rationale. Moreover, such decisions are not circulated to the entire
court and, therefore, represent only the views of the panel that decided the case.
A summary decision pursuant to rule 23.0 or rule 1:28 issued after February 25,
2008, may be cited for its persuasive value but, because of the limitations noted
above, not as binding precedent. See Chace v. Curran, 71 Mass. App. Ct. 258, 260
n.4 (2008).

                        COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS

                                 APPEALS COURT

                                                  22-P-1140

                              NANCY AYERS KEOUGH

                                       vs.

      SECURITIES DIVISION OF THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE
                            COMMONWEALTH.

               MEMORANDUM AND ORDER PURSUANT TO RULE 23.0

       Nancy Ayers Keough appeals from a Superior Court judgment

 affirming a final order of the Securities Division of the Office

 of the Secretary of the Commonwealth (division) in which the

 division concluded that Keough violated the Massachusetts

 Uniform Securities Act (act), G. L. c. 110A.             We affirm.

       Background.     Inofin, Inc. was a Massachusetts corporation

 engaged in the provision of sub-prime auto financing.               To

 capitalize its business, Inofin engaged in the sale of

 unregistered and non-exempt securities to investors recruited

 via a compensated referral scheme, whereby private individuals

 would refer investors to Inofin in exchange for a certain

 percentage of those investments.          Between 2004 and 2009, Keough

 received $368,430.15 in compensation from Inofin identified as
"[r]eferral [f]ees" or sales commissions.    During that time,

Keough was not registered as a broker-dealer or an agent of a

broker-dealer in the Commonwealth.

     The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

interviewed Keough under oath on June 8, 2010.    During that

interview, Keough admitted to advising friends and family to

invest with Inofin in exchange for compensation.    In April of

2011, the SEC sued Keough as a "relief defendant" in United

States District Court for the District of Massachusetts for

violations of Federal securities law because it contended that

she received funds from Inofin sales commissions.    The SEC

sought to recover commissions paid to Nancy deriving from

activity by Nancy, her husband, and a third person in violation

of Federal "securities law."   Her husband and others also were

defendants.   On the same date, the division's enforcement

section filed an administrative complaint against Keough, her

husband, and another based on their participation in the Inofin

referral scheme alleging violations of G. L. c. 110A, §§ 201 (a)

and 301.   In a 2012 deposition with the SEC, Keough denied the

veracity of her June 8, 2010 statements.    No portion of Keough's

June 8, 2010 statements were used in the Federal action.

     The enforcement section filed a motion for summary decision

arguing that there was no genuine dispute of a material fact as

to whether Keough had violated the act.    Keough opposed and in

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support of her opposition, referred to portions of her own 2012

deposition testimony.     The acting director of the division found

that there was no genuine dispute of material fact and granted

summary decision with respect to the alleged violations.       In so

holding, the acting director relied on evidence submitted by the

enforcement section, including the SEC's statement of facts from

the Federal proceedings and Keogh's June 8, 2010, pre-suit

interview with the SEC.

       Discussion.   We review a decision of the division to

determine if it violates the standards set forth in G. L.

c. 30A, § 14 (7).     See Silvia v. Securities Div., 61 Mass. App.

Ct. 350, 358 (2004).     Under the statute, we may set aside a

decision if it is not supported by substantial evidence and the

substantial rights of any party have been prejudiced.     G. L.

c. 30A, § 14 (7) (e).     Evidence is substantial for purposes of

§ 14 where it is "such evidence as a reasonable mind might

accept as adequate to support a conclusion."     G. L. c. 30A, § 1

(6).

       Keough argues on appeal that the division erred in basing

its decision on the SEC's statement of facts submitted in

support of its motion for summary judgment in the Federal

District Court, which did not rely on Keough's June 8, 2010

sworn testimony, and that pre-suit interview.     Keough asserts

that the SEC statement of facts merely establishes that she

                                   3
received commissions based on the solicitation efforts of her

husband.   Further, Keough contends that the discrepancy between

admissions in her June 8, 2010 testimony and denials in her

August 8, 2012, SEC deposition created a material issue of fact

such that summary decision was improper.

     Under G. L. c. 110A, § 201 (a), a person is prohibited from

acting as a broker-dealer while unregistered in the

Commonwealth.    A broker-dealer is defined as "any person engaged

in the business of effecting transactions in securities for the

account of others."   G. L. c. 110A, § 401 (c).   Further, under

§ 301 of the act, a person may not transact or attempt to

transact in business securities without registering or seeking

exemptions for said securities.

     The division had ample evidence to support findings that

Keough, by her own admission, "brought" the "opportunity" to

invest in Inofin to between seventy-five and one hundred

friends.   At no point during the relevant period was Keough

registered as a broker-dealer or agent in Massachusetts, nor

were Inofin securities registered or exempted under State law.

Keough received compensation for investments in Inofin totaling

over $300,000.   Those admissions and the documentary evidence

which supports them are sufficient to prove violations of § 201

and § 301 of the act.

                                  4
       Keough could not create a dispute of fact by relying on her

post-suit deposition to contradict her pre-suit sworn interview.

See Doe v. Harbor Schs., Inc., 446 Mass. 245, 261 (2006)

(plaintiff failed to raise genuine dispute of material fact

based on contradictory testimony alone where plaintiff's self-

defeating testimony carried more force and detail); O'Brien v.

Analog Devices, Inc., 34 Mass. App. Ct. 905, 906 (1993) (party

cannot create disputed issue of fact by offering affidavit

contradicting statements previously made under oath at

deposition).    It matters not that here the later contradictory

statements were in a deposition, which also is a sworn

statement.    Mass. R. Civ. P. 30 (f) (1), as appearing in 489

Mass. 1407 (2022) (deposition witness must be sworn); Psy–Ed

Corp. v. Klein, 62 Mass. App. Ct. 110, 114 (2004).

                                      Judgment affirmed.

                                      By the Court (Henry, Grant &
                                        Brennan, JJ. 1),

                                      Clerk

Entered:    October 16, 2023.

1   The panelists are listed in order of seniority.

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