Court Opinion

ID: 2750095
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-11-10 15:05:00.124425+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:26:00.835344
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Gilsdorf v. Gilsdorf, 2014-Ohio-5000.]

                       IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                           THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                               MARION COUNTY

JO A. GILSDORF,

        PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,                            CASE NO. 9-13-34

        v.

JAMES H. GILSDORF,                                     OPINION

        DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

                  Appeal from Marion County Common Pleas Court
                                   Family Court
                            Trial Court No. 12 DR 0224

                       Judgment Reversed and Cause Remanded

                          Date of Decision: November 10, 2014

APPEARANCES:

        David J. Gordon for Appellant

        J. C. Ratliff for Appellee
Case No. 9-13-34

WILLAMOWSKI, P.J.

       {¶1} Defendant-appellant, James H. Gilsdorf (“James”), brings this appeal

from the judgment of the Common Pleas Court in Marion County, Family

Division, granting a divorce from Plaintiff-Appellee, Jo A. Gilsdorf (“Jo”),

finalizing property division, and awarding spousal support to Jo. On appeal,

James contends that the trial court committed multiple errors when dividing the

marital property, determining James’s obligations with respect to spousal support,

and ordering the parties to file a joint tax return for 2012. For the reasons that

follow, the trial court’s judgment is reversed.

                            Facts and Procedural History

       {¶2} Jo and James married on January 15, 1977. They had five children, all

of whom are emancipated. On July 23, 2012, Jo filed her complaint for divorce

and James filed a counterclaim for divorce. The parties were unable to reach an

agreement as to division of their property and the amount of spousal support owed

to Jo; therefore, the matter proceeded to trial. The trial court held hearings on

December 12, 2012, and March 5, 2013, during which the parties testified as to

their earning capacities, income sources, assets, and liabilities. The parties also

stipulated as to the values of some of their assets, including their real estate, life

insurance policies, retirement funds, stock, some of their vehicles, and personal

property. (See R. at 80.)

                                         -2-
Case No. 9-13-34

       {¶3} In addition, after the parties had separated, but prior to obtaining the

divorce, they divided certain assets between themselves, including silver and gold

coins, which they had accumulated during their marriage. After obtaining her

share of the silver and gold coins, Jo sold them in the spring of 2012. (Tr. at 276-

278.) She also cashed in her IRA and purchased a house, paying for it with the

IRA proceeds. (See Tr. at 242:1-17.) Although the coins, as consensually divided

property, were not at issue during the divorce proceedings and they were not

subject to the trial court’s division of the property, the parties had raised the issue

of tax consequences stemming from the sales. (See, e.g., R. at 11, at 5; R. at 81, R.

at 82; Tr. at 363.) On April 8, 2013, the trial court ordered the parties to file their

2012 income taxes jointly, even though James had already filed his 2012 taxes

prior to the trial court’s issuance of its order. (R. at 86.)

       {¶4} On July 10, 2013, the trial court issued a decree of divorce with its

findings of fact and division of property. The trial court found that Jo and James

were married for thirty-six years, from the date of marriage on January 15, 1977,

until the date of final hearing, March 5, 2013. (R. at 93 at 1-2.) Based on the

hearings and stipulations submitted by the parties, the trial court found that James,

who was sixty-nine years old at the time of the hearing, was an orthodontist,

working part-time in his private practice and had a gross annual income of

$100,685.92. (R. at 93 at 13-14.) In addition to the profits from the orthodontia

                                           -3-
Case No. 9-13-34

practice, the trial court considered James’s income to include Social Security,

military retirement pay, and rental income. (Id.)

       {¶5} The trial court found that Jo, who was sixty-five years old at the time

of the divorce, was a licensed registered nurse, who had not worked full time since

February 1977, when she ceased working to raise children. (Id. at 11.) Since

2001, Jo had worked at several positions, including as a contingent staff nurse and

an office nurse on an “as needed” basis. (Id. at 12.) She also assisted in some

clerical work at her husband’s business and volunteered at Studio 51, a.k.a.

Channel 22. (Id.) Because of Jo’s age, health issues, and employment history, the

court did not apply full-time employment to her. (Id. at 13.) The trial court

imputed yearly income to Jo at $31,660.00 per year, which included a finding that

her earning capacity at part-time wages was $20,800.00 per year and that she was

receiving Social Security income in the amount of $10,860.00 per year. (Id.)

      {¶6} The trial court found that James’s reasonable monthly living expenses

were $3,800.00 and Jo’s reasonable monthly living expenses were $3,500.00. (Id.

at 14.) It also found that, based upon the duration of marriage and the age of the

parties, it was appropriate to equalize their income and award spousal support to

Jo. (Id.) Accordingly, the trial court ordered that James should pay Jo $2,500.00 a

month “as and for spousal support.” (Id. at 14.) The trial court further ordered

that the spousal support should continue after James’s death and “[t]o effectuate

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Case No. 9-13-34

said after death support,” it ordered James to continue his ADA life insurance

policy with Jo as the beneficiary. (Id. at 14-15, 17-18.)

       {¶7} With respect to the parties’ assets, the trial court found James’s

orthodontist practice to be a marital asset, valued at $97,000.00.       (Id. at 4.)

Likewise, the parties’ real estate was considered a marital asset. (Id. at 6.) This

included their marital residence located at 600 Vernon Heights Blvd. (“the Vernon

Heights residence”), valued at $400,000.00; a property located at 325 Mount

Vernon Ave., valued at $180,000.00; a property located at 220 Ellis Pl., valued at

$12,000.00; and a house that Jo had purchased in anticipation of filing for divorce,

at 333 Bradford St., valued at $80,000.00. (Id. at 6-7.) The trial court considered

as marital property the parties’ vehicles, the total value of which was $32,225.00;

household goods valued at $13,875.00; retirement accounts valued at $220,546.00;

life insurance in the value of $75,606.00; stock valued at $21,000.00; bank

accounts and accounts receivables valued at $43,492.00; and an outstanding loan

owed to James and secured by a promissory note in the amount of $30,000.00.

(Id. at 4-10.)

       {¶8} The parties’ debt was $37,843.00. It included purchases by Jo in the

amount of $7,598.00, expenses by James in the amount of $5,100.00, and the 2012

tax obligation in the amount of $25,145.00. (Id. at 8-10.) The total value of

marital assets, minus the debts, amounted to $1,167,901.00.

                                        -5-
Case No. 9-13-34

         {¶9} The trial court stated that it would “equalize the property division,”

and therefore, it found that each party should receive assets worth $583,950.50.

(Id. at 10, 16-17.) The trial court then divided the parties’ assets in the following

way:

            Asset                                                   James                   Jo
            Orthodontist practice                                   $97,000
            325 Mount Vernon Ave                                    $180,000
            220 Ellis Pl.                                           $12,000
            333 Bradford St.                                                                $80,000
            Vehicles                                                $18,552                 $13,673
            Cash value from all of the life                                                 $75,606
            insurance policies that are
            marital
            Retirement                                              $167,284                $53,262
            Stock                                                                           $21,000
            A/R                                                                             $30,000
            Household goods                                         $3,500                  $10,375
            Bank accounts                                           $21,7461                $21,746
            Total:                                                  $500,082                $305,662

(Id. at 9-10, 15-16.) This resulted in James being awarded assets in the amount of

$500,082.00, and Jo being awarded assets in the total value of $305,662.00.

Nevertheless, even though the trial court did not award the Vernon Heights

residence to either party, it inserted the $400,000.00 value of the residence on

James’s side of asset calculation, resulting in an assumption that James was

awarded assets in the total value of $900,082.00. (See id. at 10.) Under this

1
  Although the trial court stated that “[t]he four marital accounts * * * shall be divided equally with each
receiving $22,117.50” (R. at 93, J. Entry at 10), the final calculations chart states that each party would
receive $21,746.00 from the bank accounts (id.). The parties do not allege an error on appeal related to this
discrepancy.

                                                   -6-
Case No. 9-13-34

assumption, the trial court attempted to “equalize the property division.”

(Emphasis added.) (Id.) The trial court thus ordered James to pay all of the marital

debt, which it calculated to be $37,843.00. (Id.) It further ordered that the Vernon

Heights residence be sold and that Jo be awarded the first $278,288.50 or

$283,083.502 from the proceeds of the sale, “after payment of realtor fees,

property taxes and closing costs.” (Id. at 10, 16-17.) James was awarded “the

remainder” of the proceeds from the sale of the Vernon Heights residence. (Id. at

17.)

         {¶10} The trial court stayed its order pending this appeal, in which James

alleges the following six assignments of error, as follows.

         I.       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS
                  DISCRETION WHEN IT INCLUDED THE APPRAISED
                  VALUE OF THE MARITAL RESIDENCE AS AN ASSET OF
                  APPELLANT IN THE DIVISON [sic] OF MARITAL ASSETS
                  AND LIABILITIES.

         II.      THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS
                  DISCRETION WHEN IT DETERMINED THAT APPELLEE
                  SHOULD BE AWARDED THE FIRST $278,288.00 OR
                  $283,083.503 FROM THE NET PROCEEDS OF THE SALE OF
                  600 VERNON HEIGHT BLVD.

         III.     THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS
                  DISCRETION WHEN IT MADE THE FINDING THAT THE

2
  Although the trial court inserted a number of $278,288.50 in its asset calculations, as the amount to be
awarded to Jo after the sale (R. at 93, J. Entry at 10), a different number appears in the “order” part of the
trial court’s decision, being $283,083.50 (id. at 17). It appears that a typographical or a mathematical
mistake occurred at some point in the trial court’s distribution of marital assets. We use $278,288.50 as the
relevant number throughout this opinion. Because we reverse the trial court’s judgment with respect to the
amount of money awarded to Jo, the discrepancy does not affect the outcome of the case.
3
  See comment in note 2, supra.

                                                    -7-
Case No. 9-13-34

             2010 CHEVROLET IMPALA WAS A MARITAL ASSET AND
             NOT A FIXED ASSET OF APPELLANT’S BUSINESS
             CORPORATION. SUCH A FINDING WAS AGAINST THE
             MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

      IV.    THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS
             DISCRETION   WHEN        IT    DETERMINED   THE
             REASONABLE MONTHLY LIVING EXPENSES OF
             APPELLEE WAS [sic] $3,500.00 PER MONTH AND THAT
             THE REASONABLE MONTHLY LIVING EXPENSES OF
             APPELLANT WAS [sic] $3,800.00 PER MONTH;
             DETERMINED THE PARTIES’ INCOME SHOULD BE
             EQUALIZED; ORDERED APPELLANT TO PAY SPOUSAL
             SUPPORT IN THE AMOUNT OF $2,500.00 PER MONTH
             WITHOUT CONSIDERING ALL THE FACTORS OF R.C.
             3105.18(C).

      V.     THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF
             APPELLANT AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT
             FAILED TO INCLUDE THE DEATH OF APPELLANT AS A
             FACTOR FOR APPELLANT’S SPOUSAL SUPPORT TO
             TERMINATE; FURTHER ORDERED THAT HIS SPOUSAL
             SUPPORT OBLIGATION WOULD CONTINUE AFTER HIS
             DEATH AND ALSO ORDERED APPELLANT TO
             MAINTAIN HIS LIFE INSURANCE POLICY WITH
             APPELLEE AS BENEFICIARY.

      VI.    THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS
             DISCRETION WHEN IT ORDERED THAT THE PARTIES
             FILE A JOINT TAX RETURN FOR 2012.

      {¶11} Assignments of error I, II, III, and VI concern the division of the

marital property. In a divorce action, the trial court has broad discretion in the

allocation of marital assets. Neville v. Neville, 99 Ohio St. 3d 275, 2003-Ohio-

3624, 791 N.E.2d 434, ¶ 5; Schwarck v. Schwarck, 3d Dist. Auglaize No. 2-11-24,

2012-Ohio-3902, ¶ 26.     When dividing marital property, “a trial court must

                                       -8-
Case No. 9-13-34

generally assign and consider the values of marital assets in order to equitably

divide those assets.” Schwarck, 2012-Ohio-3902, at ¶ 26.

       In any divorce action, the starting point for a trial court’s analysis is
       an equal division of marital assets. However, R.C. 3105.171(C)
       clearly provides that where an equal division would be inequitable, a
       trial court may not divide the marital property equally but instead
       must divide it in the manner that the court determines to be
       equitable.

Neville, 2003-Ohio-3624, at ¶ 5, citing R.C. 3105.171(C), and Cherry v. Cherry,

66 Ohio St. 2d 348, 355, 421 N.E.2d 1293 (1981); accord Schwarck, 2012-Ohio-

3902, at ¶ 26. Because the standard of review for an appellate court is an abuse of

discretion, we will not reverse the trial court’s distribution of marital assets unless

“its decision is contrary to law, unreasonable, not supported by the evidence, or

grossly unsound.” Schwarck, 2012-Ohio-3902, at ¶ 16; see also Neville, 2003-

Ohio-3624, at ¶ 5.

                     1. First and Second Assignments of Error—
                              the Vernon Heights Residence

       {¶12} We address the first two assignments of error together. The issues

presented here concern the Vernon Heights residence and the trial court’s act of

inserting the $400,000.00 value of the residence on James’s side of the asset

calculation, resulting in an erroneous assumption that James was awarded assets in

the total value of $900,082.00. As James properly points out in his brief, the trial

court did not award the Vernon Heights residence, or its value, to either party.

                                         -9-
Case No. 9-13-34

(App’t Br. at 5.) It ordered that the Vernon Heights residence be sold. Because

the trial court did not award the Vernon Heights residence to James, it was an error

to consider the value of the residence in the calculation as James’s asset.

       {¶13} Because the asset calculation was in error, the trial court’s further

decision that equalization of the property division required that Jo be awarded the

first $278,288.50 from the proceeds of the sale, was also in error, as based on that

improper calculation. Under the distribution actually ordered by the trial court,

James’s assets were $500,082.00, and Jo’s assets were $305,662.00. After the

court-ordered payment of the $37,843.00 for the marital debt, James’s assets

would have the value of $462,239.00. In order to achieve an equal distribution of

the assets based on the trial court’s current distribution of the property, Jo would

have to be awarded $78,288.50.         The trial court’s order, however, requires

payment of $278,280.50 from the proceeds of the sale of the Vernon Heights

residence to Jo, “after payment of realtor fees, property taxes and closing costs,”

with the remainder awarded to James. (R. at 93, at 10, 16-17.)

       {¶14} Jo suggests that the trial court’s error was harmless. (App’ee Br. at

10, citing R.C. 3105.171(E)(2).)      We disagree.     The parties stipulated as to

valuation of the property, but no stipulation or any finding has been made as to the

price for which the property would sell. In order to result in an equal distribution

of assets, the trial court’s decision that the Vernon Heights residence is not

                                        - 10 -
Case No. 9-13-34

awarded to either party, but is ordered to be sold, with $278,288.50 of the net

proceeds awarded to Jo, and remainder to James, would have to assume that the

sale, after payment of realtor fees, property taxes, and closing costs, will yield the

net proceeds of $400,000.00.      Such an assumption is purely speculative and

unsupported by any evidence provided to the trial court. Had the trial court

actually awarded the Vernon Heights residence to James, without an order to sell

it, James would retain the $400,000.00 asset. Under such circumstances, inserting

the $400,000.00 asset on James’s side of asset calculations and an order to pay Jo

the $278,288.50, to achieve equalization of the assets, would have been proper.

See, e.g., Derrit v. Derrit, 163 Ohio App. 3d 52, 2005-Ohio-4777, 836 N.E.2d 39, ¶

52 (11th Dist.). In the current state of things, however, the ordered distribution of

the assets is not equal and the error was not harmless.

       {¶15} We acknowledge that an equal property division is not required

where the trial court finds that such a division is improper. The Revised Code

states that if an equal division of property is inequitable, “ ‘the court shall not

divide the marital property equally but instead shall divide it between the spouses

in the manner the court determines equitable.’ ” Schwarck, 3d Dist. Auglaize No.

2-11-24, 2012-Ohio-3902, at ¶ 14, quoting R.C. 3105.171(C)(1). Nevertheless,

the trial court in this case did not determine that an equal division of property

would be inequitable. Instead, it stated that it was “equaliz[ing] the property

                                        - 11 -
Case No. 9-13-34

division” when it ordered that Jo “be awarded the first $278,288.50 from the sale

of the Vernon Heights residence.” (R. at 93, J. Entry at 10.) The result, however,

is not equal, as our explanation above indicates.

        {¶16} The trial court’s order crediting James with an asset worth

$400,000.00 without awarding that asset to him, and further ordering an equal

division of assets but dividing the assets in an unequal manner is contrary to the

evidence and contrary to the trial court’s stated intentions. As such, it is an abuse

of discretion. We thus reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand the case for a

proper disposition of the Vernon Heights residence and for a new calculation as to

the amount owed to Jo that is based on that disposition.4 The first and second

assignments of error are sustained.

                2. Third Assignment of Error—2010 Chevrolet Impala

        {¶17} The trial court found that James “drives a 2010 Chevrolet Impala

which is owned by his orthodontic practice,” valued at $12,652.00. (Emphasis

added.) (R. at 93, J. Entry at 7.) At the same time, the trial court “did not see

where the vehicle was accounted for as an asset of the business, although an auto

expense is listed on Defendant’s Exhibit ‘B-2’ as a business expense.” (Id.) Upon

this finding, the trial court attributed the 2010 Chevrolet Impala to James

4
 We further note that the discrepancy discussed in note 2, supra, requires clarification by the trial court.
Nevertheless, due to our disposition of this assignment of error and our holding that the trial court must
perform a new calculation as to the amount owed to Jo, the discrepancy becomes immaterial.

                                                  - 12 -
Case No. 9-13-34

personally in its asset calculation chart, and credited him with its value of

$12,652.00. (Id. at 7, 10.)

       {¶18} In response to the trial court’s failure to “see where the vehicle was

accounted for as an asset of the business,” James points to page 27 of the Business

Valuation Report. (R. at 109, Ex. N.) There, the 2010 Chevrolet Impala is

included as a fixed asset in the “Goodwill Analysis” of the business, albeit at a

different price $11,100.00.    (Id.)   James submits that the valuation of his

orthodontic practice already includes the price of the 2010 Chevrolet Impala and

therefore, James was credited with the vehicle’s value twice, in the business

valuation, at $11,100.00, and in his assets valuation, at $12,652.00. Thus, he

argues that the resulting property division was against the manifest weight of the

evidence and was an abuse of discretion.

       {¶19} In response, Jo submits facts showing that the car is used as James’s

personal vehicle rather than a business vehicle and that the vehicle was purchased

with a $33,800.00 loan that is payable to James. She argues that, irrespective of

whether the car was counted twice, James benefits from the trial court’s property

division because the account receivable for the loan “was never attributed to his

asset column.” (App’ee Br. at 13.)

       {¶20} Because Jo has not appealed the trial court’s decision, we do not

determine whether James improperly benefits from the trial court’s division of the

                                       - 13 -
Case No. 9-13-34

marital assets and its alleged failure to credit him with an account receivable for

the car loan. With regards to James’s claimed assignment of error, we hold that

the trial court erred in attributing the value of the vehicle twice in James’s asset

column, while specifically finding that the vehicle is owned by the orthodontic

practice. We sustain the third assignment of error and remand this part of the trial

court’s decision for a correction of the asset calculations, with the value of the

2010 Chevrolet Impala attributed as an asset only once.

              3. Sixth Assignment of Error—Tax Return for 2012

       {¶21} In his sixth assignment of error, James disputes the trial court’s order

that the parties should file a joint tax return for 2012. Among the reasons for

contesting this decision, James alleges that “the parties agreed that they would file

separate tax returns for 2012”; neither party had requested that a joint return be

filed; Jo had not provided the court with all relevant information to determine her

tax liability; and the court’s calculations of the 2012 tax liability did not include

consequences of Jo’s sale of gold and silver coins, which were her separate

consensually divided property. (App’t Br. at 19-21.)

       {¶22} James alleges that before the hearings on their divorce, the parties

agreed to file separate tax returns. No written stipulation was filed of any such

agreement, however. Nevertheless, the record discloses that during the hearing on

December 12, 2012, Jo’s counsel questioned James as follows:

                                       - 14 -
Case No. 9-13-34

       Q: It’s our proposal that the parties file separate returns for 2012,
       you don’t have a problem with that?
       A: That’s fine.
       Q: And for what cash-in stuff she did, whether the gold and silver
       will be taxable, and I know where she cashed in her IRA will be
       taxable, she’ll pay that, you don’t have any problem with that?
       A: That’s fine.
       Q: And if you cash anything in, the tax of what you owe on that,
       that would be taxable to you, you don’t have any problem with that,
       do you?
       A: That’s fine.

(Tr. at 91:3-17.) Following that hearing, James filed a separate tax return on

February 7, 2013, utilizing the status “married filing single.” (R. at 109 Ex. FF.)

       {¶23} At the hearing on March 5, 2013, James testified that he had already

filed his individual 2012 taxes. (Tr. at 427:25-428:1.) It appears that Jo’s counsel

did not remember about the December discussion and its “proposal” that the

parties file separate tax returns for 2012, because he questioned James:

       Q: So you’re saying that you were supposed to file separately?
       A: Yes, that was decided on December 12th at the end of the
       hearing and I was privy to that and I believe it was recorded, so if
       you pull the record, I think you’ll find out.
       Q: I did. I can’t find it.
       A: Is that right? I see, well, you met in chambers before that, with
       the Judge before that proceeding started, and I thought you agreed to
       it at that time also.

(Tr. at 453:3-13.) At the end of that hearing, Jo’s counsel stated that he could not

find any agreement regarding separate filing of the 2012 taxes. (Tr. at 480.) He

stated, “I just wondered if that was said and I’m not saying it wasn’t said.” (Tr. at

480:10-11.)

                                        - 15 -
Case No. 9-13-34

       {¶24} Following that hearing, on March 15, 2013, James filed a

“Memorandum on the Issue of 2012 Income Taxes (Married Filing Separately).”

(R. at 81.) In it, James advised the court about the exchange that occurred at the

December hearing, which is quoted above. (Id., quoting Tr. at 91:3-17.) Jo

responded to James’s Memorandum and explained that the proposal made at the

December hearing was conditional and, due to certain actions by James, she was

now requesting the court to order filing of tax returns that would be “most

advantageous to both parties.” (R. at 82.)

       {¶25} On April 8, 2013, the trial court issued a judgment entry, which read,

in its entirety:

       This matter comes to the attention of the Court pursuant to the
       Memorandum on Issue of 2012 Income Taxes filed March 15, 2013,
       and Memorandum Contra filed March 25, 2013.

       The Court finds that the parties shall file a joint 2012 tax return.
       Any refund shall be deposited in the trust account of Attorney David
       Gordon for distribution at a later date.

       It is so ORDERED.

(R. at 86.)

       {¶26} On April 15, 2013, James filed a “motion to reconsider,” requesting

the trial court to take into consideration the tax consequences of Jo’s actions,

                                       - 16 -
Case No. 9-13-34

including the sale of gold and silver “for over $66,000.00.”5 (R. at 87.) James

contended that because no evidence had been presented as to the potential tax

liability on the gold and silver sale, the trial court’s decision failed to fully

consider all the tax implications of the joint filing. (Id.) Further, due to the fact

that silver and gold coins were Jo’s separate consensually divided property at the

time of the sale, James objected to being personally liable for the tax obligations

stemming from the sale. (Id.)

        {¶27} On May 15, 2013, James filed another motion, requesting the trial

court to order Jo to pay any additional tax, which became due “because the parties

were ordered to file a joint 2013 income tax return by this court.” (R. at 88.)

James attached “[c]opies of the 2013 [sic] amended tax returns for the parties,”

which were not signed by the parties. (Id.) According to James’s memorandum,

the following amounts were still due on the 2012 tax returns: $16,057.00 due to

the U.S. Treasury; $3,620.00 due to the state of Ohio; and $480.00 due to the city

of Marion. (Id.) These numbers totaled in $20,157.00. Jo responded, arguing that

the additional tax liabilities resulted from her cashing her IRA, which was

necessary because James refused to “co-sign on a mortgage with her to secure

financing” for her new home. (R. at 89.)

5
  In the trial court, the parties also discussed the tax consequences of cashing Jo’s IRA. James does not
allege an error with respect to this issue on appeal and it appears that it has been resolved by the trial
court’s judgment entry granting divorce. (See App’t Br. at 21.)

                                                 - 17 -
Case No. 9-13-34

        {¶28} In its judgment entry granting the divorce, on July 10, 2013, the

court stated:

        With regard to the filing of the income taxes for 2012 the Court
        ordered the parties to file jointly. The Court finds that the tax
        obligation is a marital debt and that it is fair and equitable that the
        parties file their taxes jointly. On May 15, 2013, counsel for
        husband filed a motion asking the Court to require wife to pay the
        additional taxes owed due to her distribution of her IRA. The court
        finds based on the findings above that this issue is moot.

(R. at 93, at 9.) The trial court then found that the parties’ debt for the 2012 taxes

amounts to $25,145.00. (Id. at 10.) The trial court included this number in the

calculation of the parties’ marital debt, and accounted for it when distributing the

parties’ assets. (Id.) The trial court did not address the issue of whether a portion

of this “marital debt” was actually separate debt attributable to Jo as a result of tax

liability resulting from her sale of her share of the parties’ consensually divided

gold and silver coins.

        {¶29} We cannot determine what is encompassed in the number assigned

by the trial court as the parties’ debt stemming from their 2012 tax obligation.

According to James’s May 15, 2013 filing, the taxes that were still due amounted

to $20,157.00, while the number in the trial court’s judgment entry was

$25,145.00.6 This judgment entry did not address tax consequences of the sale of

6
  Multiple pages of state and federal tax returns were attached to James’s May 15, 2013 filing. We are
unable to determine which of the documents have actually been filed. The numbers included on those
statements are inconsistent and they do not amount to $25,145.00, which is the number calculated by the
trial court.

                                                - 18 -
Case No. 9-13-34

Jo’s silver and gold coins, and did not mention the parties’ filings discussing that

issue.7 Therefore, we are unable to determine whether the trial court considered

the tax consequences of the sale of Jo’s silver and gold coins. Furthermore,

neither the April 8, 2013 ruling nor the July 10, 2013 entry of divorce, indicate

whether the trial court considered the fact that, in reliance on the statements made

on the December 12, 2012 hearing, James had already filed his 2012 tax return

separately and paid his amounts owed under that separate tax return. (See Tr. at

452:6-453:21; R. at 88.)

        {¶30} As stated above, when dividing marital property, “a trial court must

generally assign and consider the values of marital assets in order to equitably

divide those assets.” Schwarck, 3d Dist. Auglaize No. 2-11-24, 2012-Ohio-3902,

at ¶ 26. We remand the issue to the trial court because, due to the discrepancies

and deficiencies in the judgment entries, we are unable to determine whether the

trial court properly assigned and considered the value of the marital, and any

separate, tax obligations. Consequently, we are unable to determine whether the

order that the parties shall file a joint tax return for 2012 was reasonable.

        {¶31} The sixth assignment of error is sustained.

7
 In the final paragraphs of the judgment entry, the trial court ordered “that all other pending motions not
addressed herein are dismissed.” (R. at 93, at 18.)

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Case No. 9-13-34

         4. Fourth and Fifth Assignments of Error—Spousal Support

       {¶32} James challenges the trial court’s order with regard to the spousal

support on several grounds, including the calculation of the parties’ annual

income, their monthly expenses, and the amount and duration of the spousal

support. When reviewing these challenges, we are required to defer to the trial

court’s judgment because a trial court has broad discretion on issues concerning

awards of spousal support and its order will not be reversed absent an abuse of that

discretion. Siekfer v. Siekfer, 3d Dist. Putnam No. 12-06-04, 2006-Ohio-5154, ¶

15; see also Kunkle v. Kunkle, 51 Ohio St. 3d 64, 67, 554 N.E.2d 83 (1990). A

trial court will not be found to have abused its discretion unless its decision is

contrary to law, unreasonable, not supported by the evidence, or grossly unsound.

Muckensturm v. Muckensturm, 3d Dist. Hancock No. 5-11-38, 2012-Ohio-3062, ¶

16; Bruce v. Bruce, 3d Dist. Marion No. 9-10-57, 2012-Ohio-45, ¶ 13.

       {¶33} The award of spousal support is not based solely on the “need” of the

party, but on what is “appropriate and reasonable” under many factors, which are

listed in R.C. 3105.18(C)(1).    Muckensturm, 2012-Ohio-3062, at ¶ 20.         R.C.

3105.18, which governs the trial court’s award of spousal support, requires the

court to consider all fourteen of the factors listed there when determining whether

spousal support is “appropriate and reasonable,” and when determining the nature,

amount, terms of payment, and duration of the support. Strasburg v. Strasburg,

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Case No. 9-13-34

3d Dist. Auglaize No. 2-10-12, 2010-Ohio-3672, ¶ 26. Among the factors listed

by R.C. 3105.18(C)(1) are:

      (a) The income of the parties, from all sources, including, but not
      limited to, income derived from property divided, disbursed, or
      distributed under section 3105.171 of the Revised Code;

      ***

      (d) The retirement benefits of the parties;

      ***

      (i) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties, including but
      not limited to any court-ordered payments by the parties;

       ***

      (n) Any other factor that the court expressly finds to be relevant
      and equitable.

R.C. 3105.18(C)(1); Muckensturm, 2012-Ohio-3062,¶ 17.

      {¶34} The trial court is not required to specifically enumerate the factors of

R.C. 3105.18(C)(1) in its analysis, but it must indicate the basis for the award to

allow for adequate appellate review. Parker v. Parker, 182 Ohio App. 3d 49,

2009-Ohio-1917, 911 N.E.2d 364, ¶ 4 (3d Dist.), citing Hendricks v. Hendricks, 3d

Dist. Van Wert No. 15-08-08, 2008-Ohio-6754, ¶ 31, and Hawley v. Hawley, 11th

Dist. Portage No. 2003-P-0096, 2004-Ohio-3189, ¶ 15. Thus, the trial court must

make specific findings in order “to enable a reviewing court to determine the

reasonableness of its order * * * and that the relevant factors within R.C. 3105.18

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Case No. 9-13-34

were considered.” Lee v. Lee, 3d Dist. Shelby No. 17-01-05, 2001 WL 934430,

*2, citing Kaechele v. Kaechele, 35 Ohio St. 3d 93, 97, 518 N.E.2d 1197 (1988).

In the current case, James alleges that the trial court overlooked several important

issues when determining how to achieve the equalization of the parties’ income,

which resulted in Jo’s monthly income under the order exceeding James’s monthly

income.

       {¶35} First, James contends that the trial court failed to fully consider the

first factor mandated by R.C. 3105.18(C)(1), “because it did not consider the

additional monthly income [Jo] will receive from [James’s] military pension, and

the resulting reduction of [James’s] income.” (App’t Br. at 12.) In determining

the income of the parties, the trial court made the following statements:

       The Court further finds that wife has the earning capacity at part
       time wages for an RN of $20,800.00 per year as a part time office
       nurse. Wife’s income therefore coupled with her Social Security of
       $10,860.00 per year will be imputed to $31,660.00 per year. * * *

       * * The court finds that husband’s average income during [2007-
       2011] was $49,159.35. In addition husband has monthly Social
       Security income of $2,304.00 per month, military retirement pay of
       $1,324.58 per month and $650.00 per month rental income.
       Together with his income from his business husband has gross
       annual income of $100,685.92.

(R. at 93, J. Entry at 13-14.)

       {¶36} We note that adding the numbers listed by the trial court in

considering the husband’s income results in $100,502.31, rather than $100,685.92

                                       - 22 -
Case No. 9-13-34

achieved by the trial court. This discrepancy, alone, is sufficient to reverse the

trial court’s judgment. As an additional concern, the trial court’s judgment does

not indicate whether the number of $1,324.58 per month reflects James’s monthly

military pension prior to or after dividing the marital portion of the retirement.

Conversely, Defendant’s Exhibit O, prepared on November 7, 2012, as well as

James’s testimony on March 5, 2013, suggest a possibility that the number was

calculated without consideration of the reduction stemming from the trial court’s

decision. (R. at 109, Ex. O; Tr. at 413:6-22.)

       {¶37} Second, James contends that the trial court’s finding regarding the

parties’ monthly living expenses was based on outdated data and is therefore

inaccurate. In determining the parties’ monthly living expenses, the trial court

stated that it “examined the parties’ statements regarding their monthly expenses.”

(R. at 93, J. Entry at 14.) The court then found that James had “reasonable

monthly living expenses of $3,800.00 per month” and Jo had “reasonable monthly

living expenses of $3,500.00 per month.” (Id.) Although we do not determine

that the trial court’s finding regarding monthly living expenses of each of the

parties was based on inaccurate data, we reverse the trial court’s award of spousal

support.

       {¶38} Due to the deficiencies and discrepancies in the trial court’s

judgment, which we have pointed out throughout this opinion, we are unable to

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Case No. 9-13-34

determine the reasonableness of the trial court’s finding with respect to the parties’

annual income and the amount of spousal support. Thus, we cannot affirm the

trial court’s decision in this respect. Furthermore, due to our holdings above, the

trial court will be required to redo the asset division, which may affect the parties’

annual income and expenses, and as a result, it may change the calculation with

respect to spousal support. (See R.C. 3105.18(C)(1) (requiring the trial court to

consider income, assets, and liabilities of the parties “in determining the nature,

amount, and terms of payment, and duration of spousal support”).)

       {¶39} For the foregoing reasons, the fourth assignment of error is sustained.

       {¶40} Additionally, because our opinion requires the trial court to

reconsider its decision with respect to spousal support, which includes its duration,

the fifth assignment of error is moot.       We note, however, that the peculiar

language employed by the trial court in the judgment entry referencing “after

death support” should be sufficiently clarified as to what the trial court was

attempting to achieve: spousal support of indefinite duration in which case the

guidelines outlined by the Ohio Supreme Court in Kunkle v. Kunkle, 51 Ohio St. 3d
64, 69, 554 N.E.2d 83 (1990) should be satisfied, or spousal support of definite

duration that is secured by a life insurance policy if James dies before the spousal

support is terminated, see e.g., Neville v. Neville, 99 Ohio St. 3d 275, 2003-Ohio-

3624, 791 N.E.2d 434, ¶ 2, fn.2; Waller v. Waller, 7th Dist. Jefferson No. 04 JE

                                        - 24 -
Case No. 9-13-34

27, 2005-Ohio-5632, ¶ 11, 13, or a different mechanism of effectuating a payment

to Jo upon James’s death.

                                       Conclusion

       {¶41} Having reviewed the arguments, the briefs, and the record in this

case, we find error prejudicial to Appellant in the particulars assigned and argued.

The judgment of the Common Pleas Court in Marion County, Ohio is therefore

reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

                                                           Judgment Reversed and
                                                                Cause Remanded
SHAW and PRESTON, J.J., concur.

/jlr

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