Court Opinion

ID: 9591972
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-22 00:09:24.820533+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:58:16.732362
License: Public Domain

PER CURIAM:
Petitioner Maple Creative, LLC seeks an original jurisdiction writ of mandamus directing Respondent David Tincher, Director of Pm-chasing Division, Department of Administration, to cancel a contract awarded to Stonewall Retail Marketing, Inc. and to award the contract to the petitioner. For the reason explained below, we deny the writ.
I.
FACTS
In May 2009, Respondent David Tincher, Director of Purchasing Division, Department of Administration, issued a Request for Proposal with regard to an advertising and public relations services contract with the West Virginia Division of Tourism. Petitioner Maple Creative, LLC timely submitted a bid proposal for the contract. The petitioner is a West Virginia limited liability company located in Charleston. With its bid proposal, the petitioner submitted a vendor preference certificate in which it sought, pursuant to W. Va.Code § 5A-3-37 (2006),1 preference due to its residency status. Specifically, the petitioner sought a 2.5% resident vendor preference based on the fact that it is a corporation that is located in West Virginia, and an additional 2.5% preference based on the fact that at least 75% of the employees working on the project being bid are residents of West Virginia. The petitioner’s bid contained the lowest cost proposal.
After the petitioner and the other bidders made oral presentations to the Advertising Contract RFP Review Committee (hereinafter “evaluation committee” or “committee”), the committee assigned scores to the bidders based on both strategic/creative technical criteria and the cost proposal of each bidder. The evaluation committee ultimately recommended Stonewall Retail Marketing, Inc., an Ohio company, as the successful bidder. The Division of Tourism concurred with this recommendation.
On December 21, 2009, the Senior Buyer issued a bid tabulation in which he erroneously reported that the petitioner had not requested a resident vendor preference. Also on that date, a purchase order was printed with regard to the contract at issue; it was signed by the purchasing division’s authorized representative on December 23, 2009; approved as to form by the Attorney General on December 28, 2009; and certified encumbered on December 29, 2009. In this purchase order, Stonewall Retail Marketing agreed to enter into a contract with the Division of Tourism for advertising and public relation services. The purchase order indicated that the contract became effective on January 1, 2010.
On December 29, 2009, the petitioner was notified by facsimile transmission that its bid was not successful. According to the petitioner, its Vice President, James Nester, visited the respondent’s office to review the bid file on January 8, 2010. In the file, Mr. Nester discovered two separate score sheets. One score sheet applied the resident vendor preference to the petitioner’s cost proposal which resulted in the petitioner receiving the highest total score. The other score sheet did not apply the preference to the petitioner’s cost proposal, and this resulted in Stone Retail Marketing receiving the highest total score. Mr. Nester had a conversation with *120Ron Price, the respondent’s assistant director, in which Mr. Price informed him that the resident vendor preference did not apply to the petitioner because the petitioner was already the low bidder on the cost component of the bid. Mr. Price further informed Mr. Nester that the existence of the score sheet including the resident vendor preference was “a mistake.” Later that same day, Mr. Price called the petitioner to reiterate that the resident vendor preference did not apply. When the petitioner indicated that it would protest the bid award to Stonewall Retail Marketing, Mr. Price replied that the respondent “will look at it and if we are wrong, we will reverse it, if we are right, it will stay the way it is.” That same day, the petitioner delivered a letter to the respondent notifying the respondent of its intent to protest the award. This letter stated in its entirety as follows: “Please accept this letter as notice of our firm’s intent to contest the recent purchase order award related to RFQ Number TOR3676.”
On January 19, 2010, the petitioner filed its protest with the respondent in which the petitioner alleged five grounds of error in the awarding of the contract. The next day, the respondent denied the protest on the basis that the petitioner’s January 8, 2010, notice of intent was untimely as it had not been filed within five working days of the date on which the subject contract was awarded, certified, encumbered, and mailed. The respondent also indicated that the petitioner’s January 8, 2010, notice of intent to protest was insufficient to constitute a protest because it lacked the specificity required by law. Finally, the respondent denied the protest on the additional ground that the actual January 19,2010, protest was untimely.
Thereafter, the petitioner presented its petition to this Court praying for a writ of mandamus to be directed against the respondent. This Court issued a rule directing the respondent to show cause, if any he could, why a writ of mandamus should not be awarded against him as prayed for by the petitioner. Argument was conducted before the Court on May 4, 2010.
II.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
This Court has indicated that the purpose of mandamus is to enforce “an established right” and a “corresponding imperative duty created or imposed by law.” State ex rel. Ball v. Cummings, 208 W.Va. 393, 398, 540 S.E.2d 917, 922 (1999) (citation omitted). “Mandamus [also] lies to control the action of an administrative officer in the exercise of his discretion when such action is arbitrary or capricious.” State ex rel. Affiliated Const. v. Vieweg, 205 W.Va. 687, 693, 520 S.E.2d 854, 860 (1999) (quoting Syllabus, Beverly Grill, Inc. v. Crow, 133 W.Va. 214, 57 S.E.2d 244 (1949)) (additional citations omitted). Finally, in determining the appropriateness of mandamus in a given case, this Court adheres to the following oft-repeated axiom:
A writ of mandamus will not issue unless three elements coexist — (1) a clear legal right in the petitioner to the relief sought; (2) a legal duty on the part of respondent to do the thing which the petitioner seeks to compel; and (3) the absence of another adequate remedy.
Syllabus Point 2, State ex rel. Kucera v. City of Wheeling, 153 W.Va. 538, 170 S.E.2d 367 (1969).
III.
DISCUSSION
In its petition for a writ of mandamus, the petitioner raises several arguments in support of its claim that it should have been awarded the contract by the respondent. However, we find it unnecessary to discuss these arguments because we agree with the respondent that the petitioner’s protest of the contract award was untimely. As a result of this untimeliness, the petitioner is unable to show that it has a clear right to the relief sought or that the respondent has a legal duty to do the thing which the petitioner seeks to compel.
This case is governed by legislative rule 148 C.S.R. which became effective on July 1, 2009. The purpose of the rule is to serve as “an explanation and clarification of *121operative procedures for the purchase of commodities, services or printing by the Purchasing Division of the Department of Administration.” 148 C.S.R. § 1-1.1. Specifically, 148 C.S.R. § 1 — 8.1.1 provides, in pertinent part,
Protest of a purchase order or contract awards must be submitted no later than five (5) working days after the award. The vendor is responsible for knowing the bid opening and award dates. Protests received after these dates may be rejected at the option of the Director.
With regard to the effect of legislative rules, this Court has held that “[a] regulation that is proposed by an agency and approved by the Legislature is a ‘legislative rale’ as defined by the State Administrative Procedures Act, W. Va.Code, 29A-l-2(d) [1982], and such a legislative rule has the force and effect of law.” Syllabus Point 5, Smith v. West Virginia Human Rights Com’n, 216 W.Va. 2, 602 S.E.2d 445 (2004).
Upon application of 148 C.S.R. § 1-8.1.1 to the facts of this case, this Court concludes that the petitioner failed to protest the award of the contract to Stonewall Retail Marketing within five working days of the award of the contract. The contract was awarded on December 29, 2010, which is the date the contract was certified encumbered by the respondent. Therefore, the latest date on which a protest could be timely filed was January 7, 2010, five working days after the award.2 However, the petitioner did not file its protest until January 19, 2010, eleven working days after the contract was awarded.
Although the petitioner filed a notice of intent to protest on January 8, 2010, this notice did not constitute a proper protest. According to 148 C.S.R. § 1-8.1.2,
All protests shall be submitted in writing to the Purchasing Division and contain the following information:
8.1.2a. the name and address of the protestor;
8.1.2.b. the requisition, purchase order or contract numbers;
8.1.2.C. a statement of the grounds of protest;
8.1.2.d. supporting documentation, if necessary; and
8.1.2.e. the resolution or relief sought.
8.1.2f. Failure to submit this information shall be grounds for rejection of the protest by the Director.
The petitioner’s January 8, 2010, letter did not include the grounds of protest, any supporting documentation, or the resolution or relief sought. Because the petitioner did not file a protest of the award of the contract to Stonewall Retail Marketing until eleven days after the award of the contract, this Court finds that the award was untimely under 148 C.S.R. § 1-8.1.1.
In its brief to this Court, the petitioner presents several reasons for the untimely filing of its petition, none of which this Court finds valid. First, the petitioner notes that the contract was awarded on December 29, 2010, during a week in which the petitioner’s employees were all out of the office for the holidays. This Court finds, however, that there is no provision in our law that tolls the period for filing a protest if the award of the contract occurs during the week between Christmas Day and New Year’s Day. Aso, upon becoming aware of the facsimile transmission once the petitioner’s employees returned to the office on Monday, January 4, 2010, the petitioner still had four days in which to timely file a protest but failed to do so.
Second, the petitioner complains that while the respondent transmitted the facsimile to the petitioner on December 29, 2009, informing the petitioner that its bid was unsuccessful, the respondent failed to follow up with a letter sent by first class mail. This excuse also is unavailing. The respondent had no duty to mail a letter of notification to the petitioner. Rather, 148 C.S.R. § 1-8.1.1 clearly indicates that “[t]he vendor is responsible for knowing the bid opening and award dates.”
*122Third, the petitioner opines that the contract awarded to Stonewall Retail Marketing has an effective date of January 1, 2010, which was a State holiday. Therefore, the first effective business date under the contract was January 4, 2010. This fact, however, is not helpful to the petitioner. The applicable rule provides that a protest must be submitted no later than five working days after the award, which was December 29, 2009, not the effective date of the contract. Moreover, even if the date on which the five-day time period began to run was January 4, 2010, the petitioner failed to file its protest within five days of that date.
Next, the petitioner asserts without explanation that it learned that Stonewall Retail Marketing was selected as the prevailing bidder on January 7, 2010. However, the time period for filing a protest begins to run when the contract is awarded, not when the protesting bidder learns the contract is awarded. Further, 148 C.S.R. § 1-8.1.1 charges the vendor with knowing the bid award date. Therefore, we find no merit to this argument.
Finally, the petitioner avers that the respondent should be equitably estopped from denying the petitioner’s protest as untimely based on the respondent’s Assistant Director’s statement, made on January 8, 2010, that the respondent “will look at [the contract award] and if we are wrong, we will reverse it, if we are right, it will stay the way it is.” We reject this argument also. The facts indicate that the petitioner’s protest was filed more than five days after the Assistant Director’s comment.
For the reasons set forth above, we conclude that the petitionei-’s protest of the award of the contract at issue was untimely in that it was filed later than five working days after the award. Because of the untimeliness of the protest, the respondent had the option, pursuant to 148 C.S.R. § 1-8.1.1, to reject the protest. As a result, the petitioner does not have a clear legal right to the relief which it sought, and the respondent does not have a legal duty to do the thing which the petitioner seeks to compel.
As noted above, mandamus also lies to control the action of an administrative officer in the exercise of his discretion when such action is arbitrary or capricious. However, the petitioner has failed to show that the respondent’s decision to reject the petitioner’s protest as untimely was arbitrary or capricious where the protest was filed eleven days after the contract was awarded and six days after the time period for the filing of the protest expired.3
III.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the rule to show cause heretofore granted is discharged and the writ of mandamus prayed for by the petitioner is denied.
Writ denied.
Justice McHUGH disqualified. Judge FOX sitting by temporary assignment.
Justice WORKMAN and Justice KETCHUM dissent and reserve the right to file dissenting opinions.

. W. Va.Code § 5A-3-37 was amended effective March 13, 2010 to grant to nonresident small, women and minority-owned businesses the same preference made available to resident vendors. This amendment is not applicable to this case.

. The contract was awarded on Tuesday, December 29, 2009. Five working days after this date were (1) Wednesday, December 30, 2009; (2) Monday, January 4, 2010; (3) Tuesday, January 5, 2010; (4) Wednesday, January 6, 2010; and (5) Thursday, January 7, 2010.

. The majority of this Court believes that even if the petitioner’s protest below was timely, the petitioner has failed to show a clear legal right to the relief sought and a legal duty on the part of the respondent to do the thing which the petitioner seeks to compel.