Court Opinion

ID: 6688457
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-20 21:34:55.413651+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:01:01.959608
License: Public Domain

GATES, J.
Appeal from an order overruling defendant’s •general demurrer to the amended complaint. The amended complaint is as follows : “ (1) That at all times hereinafter mentioned the defendant, Peter Ommen, was and now is a resident of the county of Brule and state of South Dakota, and owner in fee of the following described real estate, to-wit: The southeast quarter of section one (1) in township one hundred five (105) north, of range seventy-one (71) west of the 5th P. M., and the south half (S. %) of the northwest quarter (N. -W. of section seven (7) in township one hundred five (103) north, of range seventy (70) west of the 5th P. M. (2) That on or about the 13th day ■of November, X911, the plaintiff and defendant herein entered into a written agreement, whereby the said defendant agreed to sell and convey to this plaintiff the above-described land, a copy of which said written agreement is hereto attached, marked ‘Ex"hibit A,’ and made a part hereof, the same as if at length and •fully herein set forth. (3) That on or about the 14th day of .November, 1911, the said Peter Ommen made, executed, and •caused to be delivered to one Peter Johnson his certain written order, whereby the said Peter Ommen requested and directed this *400plaintiff to pay to .the said P'eter Johnson the sum of $500.00, as and for a partial payment of the cash payment consideration to be by him paid to the said Peter Ominen under the terms and conditions of their said written contract Exhibit A. (4) That afterwards, and on or about the 15th day of November, 1911, the said Peter Johnson, the holder of the aforesaid order, presented to this plaintiff the said written order for acceptance and payment, and plaintiff did then and there accept the same, and did then and there pay to the said Peter Johnson the sum of $500.00, as and for a part payment of the money by him agreed to be paid as a part of the purchase price under the terms and conditions of the contract Exhibit A as aforesaid, and defendant herein has kept and retained and has 'had the use and benefit of the said cash payment, and now holds and retains the same as a part performance by plaintiff of their said contract Exhibit A. (5) Plaintiff alleges and avers that he has, in compliance with the said written contract of purchase and sale, procured abstracts of title to all the lands by him to be conveyed, showing a merchantable title to said real estate, and that same is free and clear of all incum-brance, except a mortgage for twenty-one hundred dollars ($2,100), which said defendant agreed to assume, and has prepared and duly executed all proper deeds conveying the said lands to the said defendant, and has tendered and offered to deliver the same to the defendant together with the sum of forty dollars ($40.00) in money, being the balance of the cash payment remaining unpaid, and did demand of the defendant that he comply with the terms and conditions of said written contract of agreement Exhibit A. (6) That the plaintiff has at all times been ready and willing to so perform said contract, and now offers to do so, and for this purpose brings into this court abstracts of title to said real estate by him to be conveyed, his deeds of conveyance, and forty dollars ($40.00) in money, being the balance of the cash payment to be by him paid, all in accordance with the provisions of the said contract Exhibit A, for the use and benefit of the said defendant, and tenders the sáme to the said defendant as and for a full and complete performance of each and every of the conditions, terms, stipulations, and agreements to be by this plaintiff kept and performed under said contract- Exhibit A. (7) That, thougii demand has been made upon defendant for the *401abstracts and deeds to the land which was to be by him conveyed to this plaintiff under the terms of the aforesaid contract Exhibit A, the said defendant has refused and still refuses to- furnish this plaintiff with an abstract of title, and to execute and deliver to this plaintiff deeds of conve)rance to the said land, and all without fault of the plaintiff or just reason therefor. Wherefore, plaintiff demands judgment against defendant; that the defendant be required to execute a deed of conveyance for the said southeast quarter (S. E. %.) of section one (i) in township one hundred five (105) north, of range seventy-one (71) west of the 5th P. M., and the south half (S. yi) and the northwest quarter (N. W. yi) of section seven (7) in township one hundred five (105) north, of range seventy (70) west of the 5th P. M., and deliver the same, together with abstract of title to said land showing merchantable title, to this plaintiff, and, if the defendant refuses to execute such conveyance within a time to be fixed by the court, that a commissioner be appointed by the court to carry out the terms of the said contract, and to execute a conveyance on the part of the defendant for the land described, and that plaintiff have his costs and disbursements in this action.”
Exhibit A, made a part of the complaint, is as follows:
“This agreement made and entered into this 13th day of November, 1911, by and between Peter Ommen, of Chamberlain, South Dakota, party of the first part, and George W. Sturtz, of Sioux City, Iowa, party of the second part, witnesseth: That said first party has this clay sold and agrees to convey by good and sufficient warranty deed the southeast quarter of section one (1), township one hundred five (105) range seventy-one (71) and the -south half and the northwest quarter of section seven (7), township one hundred five (105), range seventy (70), all in Brule county, South Dakota, and to furnish abstract showing good and merchantable title to said land, and same to be free and clear of all liens and incumbrances. Eor and in consideration of said land, said George W. Sturtz hereby sells and agrees to convey to said Peter Ommen lots one (1) to thirty-five, inclusive, in block one (1), Davelaars subdivision of lots nine (9) and ten (10), and lots seven (7), Sunnyside -addition to Sioux City, Iowa, and lot twelve (12) in block five (5), Davis addition to Sioux City,
*402Iowa,, and the middle fifty (50) feet of lots one (1) and two (2) in block eleven (11), Davis addition to Sioux City, Iowa, as full and complete payment for said land above described, except a loan of $2,100.00 now on first described property 'in Sunnyside ■addition, which said Peter Ommen assumes and agrees to pay; there being a cash difference, however of $540.00 coming- to said Peter Ommen, which said Sturtz is to pay him in cash at the time of closing the deal. Peter Ommen is to have an- extension of said $2,100.00 mortgage, for at least five years. This contract is binding on both parties hereto, except that said Sturtz has five days from this date in which to look at said land, and, in case he is suited with it, this deal is final and closed. Both parties to furnish abstracts showing merchantable title, and deeds to be passed, and deal closed within sixty days from this date. Possession to be given by both parties on or before March 1st, 1912. [Signed]Peter Ommen. [Signed] George W. Sturtz.
‘T George W. Sturtz, have this day inspected the 632 acres of land described in above contract, and have accepted same, and said Peter Ommen hereby acknowledges such acceptance, and this contract is now in full force and effect. [Signed] George W. Sturtz. [Signed] Peter Ommen.”
The grounds of insufficiency of the complaint claimed by appellant are as follows: (1) That it does not allege title in the plaintiff of the property plaintiff is to convey. (2) That it does not allege title in defendant of the property defendant is to convey. (3) That it does not allege performance or tender on the part of plaintiff; (a) because no time of tender of abstract and deeds is alleged; (b) because there is no allegation of time of tender of the $40, and, if tendered' after the 60-day period, then interest on the $40 should be tendered; (c) because there is no allegation of payment or tender of the accrued interest on the $2,100 mortgage; (d) because there is no allegation that the mortgage was extended to run five years-; and (e) because there is no allegation of tender of possession of the premises. (4) That it does not show upon the face of the complaint that the contract sought to be specially enforced is just and reasonable, and the consideration adequate.
[1] 1. Although plaintiff does not in so many words allege that he is the owner of the premises by him to be conveyed, yet *403we are of the opinion that such fact sufficiently appears, as against a general demurrer, by the allegations of paragraph 5 and 6 of the complaint. It will be noticed that in paragraph 5 it is alleged that “he * * * has prepared and duly executed all proper deeds conveying the said lands to the defendant,” and that in paragraph 6 it is alleged that he brings into court “his deeds of conveyance.” While the complaint may be subject to a motion to be made more definite and certain in this respect, we do not think it demurrable. We think the allegations of these paragraphs bring the case upon this point substantially within the facts shown in De Ford v. Hyde, 10 S. D. 386, 73 N. W. 265.
[2] Again, the complaint shows that deeds conveying a good title to defendant had been executed and tendered. What difference does it make to defendant who the grantor is, so long as he gets a merchantable title? Even if the title is not in the plaintiff, it is, by allegations of the complaint, under plaintiff’s control, and that should be sufficient at least as against a demurrer to the complaint.
[3] 2. The second objection is extremely technical. In the contract and in the -prayer for relief a part of defendant’s property is described as the S. and the N. W.J4 of section 7, while in paragraph 1 of the complaint it is described as the S. J4 of the N. W. J4 °f section 7. The use of the word “of” in paragraph 1 of the -complaint is so palpably a clerical error that might be corrected even after judgment that no further consideration should be given to this objection.
[4] 3. The five objections under the third head -may be disposed of together. It is conceded by appellant that, if the complaint had specifically alleged that plaintiff had duly performed all the conditions on his part to be performed, in accordance with the provisions of section 139, 'C. C. P., then there would be no force in these five objections. Under the reasoning in De Ford v. Hyde, 10 S. D. 386, 73 N. W. 265, and Stenson v. Elfmann, 26 S. D. 134, 128 N. W. 588, and Beddow v. Flage, 22 N. D. 53, 132 N. W. 637, we think the allegations of paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the complaint amount to a substantial allegation that plaintiff has done -these things, and that, as against a demurrer, the complaint sufficiently alleges performance and tender by plaintiff.
*404[5] 4. By the fourth objection, appellant claims that the complaint must show affirmatively that the consideration for the contract is adequate, and that as to the defendant the contract is just and reasonable. Section 2345 of the Civil Code is as follows : “Specific performance cannot be enforced against a party to a contract in any' of che following cases: 1. If he has not received an adequate consideration for the contract. 2. If it is not, as to him, just and reasonable. 3. If his assent was obtained by misrepresentation, concealment, circumvention, or unfair practice of any party to whom performance would become due under the contract, or by any promise of such party which has not been substantially fulfilled; or, 4. If his assent was given under the influence of mistake, misapprehension, or surprise, except that where the contract provides for compensation in case of mistake, a mistake within the scope of such provision may be compensated for, and the contract specifically enforced in other respects, if proper to be so enforced.” In support of this contention certain California cases are cited. If appellant’s contention is right, then the complaint must also affirmatively show that the defendant’s assent to the contract was not obtained by misrepresentation or other unfair practice, and that it was not given by mistake, misapprehension, or surprise. This reasoning would also require the complaint to allege that both parties were of mature age at the time of the contract, and not under mental or other disability. Of the California decisions on this point, Mr. Pomeroy says, in 36 Cyc. 776: “But in Montana the inadequacy of the consideration is with more reason treated as matter of defense.” In considering the section of the Montana Code which is identical with our section 2345, Civ. Code, the Supreme Court of Montana said in Finlen v. Heinze, 28 Mont. 548, 73 Pac. 123: “The evident meaning of this section is that any one of these subdivisions furnishes a defense to an action for specific performance; in other words, when specific performance is sought against a part}'-, hé may interpose any one of the defenses named above, and, if he can maintain it, he defeats the action.” We fully agree with the soundness of the rule announced by the Montana court.
Finding no error in the record, the order appealed from is affirmed.
McCOY, J., concurs in the result.