Court Opinion

ID: 4326504
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-11-01 07:08:40.13277+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:49:36.847924
License: Public Domain

FIFTH DIVISION
                                 MCFADDEN, P. J.,
                               RAY and RICKMAN, JJ.

                     NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                     physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                     days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                                 http://www.gaappeals.us/rules

                                                                     October 23, 2018

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A18A1175. JESCHKE et al. v. TURNSTONE GROUP, LLC et al.

       MCFADDEN, Presiding Judge.

       This appeal challenges a summary judgment order finding that a declaration of

restrictive covenants applies to two lots in a subdivision. The record shows that there

are no genuine issues of material fact as to the declaration’s applicability to one of the

lots, but there are genuine issues of material fact as to its applicability to the other lot.

So we affirm in part and reverse in part.

       1. Facts and procedural posture.

       “On appeal from a grant of summary judgment, we conduct a de novo review

of the evidence to determine if there exists a genuine issue of material fact and

whether the undisputed facts, viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving
party, entitle the movant to judgment as a matter of law.” Lafontaine v. Alexander,

343 Ga. App. 672, 673 (808 SE2d 50) (2017) (citation omitted).

      So viewed, the evidence shows that Sunrise Trails, LLC acquired

approximately 67.5 acres of land in Cherokee County that it planned to develop as a

subdivision. On November 5, 2003, Sunrise Trails executed a deed to secure debt,

which was then recorded on November 10, 2003, conveying the property to

SouthBank, N. A. as security for a loan. On January 14, 2005, Sunrise Trails recorded

a declaration of protective covenants, conditions, restrictions and easements for the

subdivision. (hereinafter, “declaration of covenants”). Three weeks later, in February

2005, Sunrise Trails filed its final plat for the subdivision, referencing the recorded

declaration of covenants and dividing the property into 35 residential lots, streets, and

common areas that included horse trails. Thereafter, some of the residential lots were

sold according to the common subdivision scheme established by the plat and

declaration of covenants, including the sale of a lot to Appellants Gary and Mary Jo

Jeschke on December 23, 2009.

      Sunrise Trails subsequently defaulted on the loan secured by the deed in favor

of SouthBank. On November 1, 2011, State Bank and Trust Company, as successor

in interest to SouthBank, foreclosed on the unsold portions of the 67.5 acres. The lots

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sold prior to that date, including the lot purchased by the Jeschkes, were expressly

excluded from the foreclosure sale, at which State Bank itself purchased the lots. On

September 14, 2012, State Bank sold the foreclosed subdivision property to REO

Funding. Four years later, on September 9, 2016, REO sold another lot in the

subdivision to the Jeschkes. In April 2017, the Jeschkes received a letter from

Turnstone Group, LLC, apparently sent on behalf of REO, which stated that the

homeowners association created by the original developer had gone dormant, that the

homeowners association had been reincorporated, and that a meeting would be held

to elect a new board of directors for the association.

      On May 3, 2017, the Jeschkes filed a complaint against Turnstone, REO, and

the purportedly reincorporated homeowners association, seeking, among other things,

injunctive relief and a declaratory judgment as to the applicability of the declaration

of covenants to their lots in light of the 2011 foreclosure. The defendants filed a

motion for partial summary judgment on, among other things, the applicability of the

declaration of covenants to the lots owned by the Jeschkes. After a hearing on the

motion, the trial court issued an order granting the motion in part, finding that the

declaration of covenants is applicable to all the lots and common property in the

subdivision. The Jeschkes appeal from that partial summary judgment order.

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      2. Lots sold prior to the foreclosure.

      The Jeschkes challenge the trial court’s finding that lots sold prior to the 2011

foreclosure sale, which includes the lot they bought in 2009, are bound by the

declaration of covenants. We find no error.

      It is undisputed that the Jeschkes bought their lot in 2009 subject to the

declaration of covenants. Indeed, the Jeschkes have admitted, both in the trial court

and on appeal, that the lot was acquired subject to the declaration of covenants.

Nevertheless, they claim that the 2011 foreclosure sale extinguished the declaration

of covenants as to their lot. But as noted above, it is undisputed that only the unsold

lots in the subdivision were included in the foreclosure and the Jeschkes’ lot, along

with the other previously sold lots, was expressly excluded from that foreclosure sale.

Thus, as the trial court correctly found, the Jeschkes’ lot was unaffected by the

foreclosure of other lots and their 2009 lot is bound by the declaration of covenants

under which they bought the property. See Interchange Drive, LLC v. Nusloch, 311

Ga. App. 552, 557 (716 SE2d 603) (2011) (party accepting a deed that expressly

makes its interest in subdivision property subject to restrictive covenants thereby

consents to be bound by such covenants and restrictions).

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      The Jeschkes mistakenly rely on the fact that the security deed was filed before

the declaration of covenants. Consequently, they contend, the 2011 foreclosure under

the security deed extinguished the declaration of covenants. See Springmont

Homeowners Assn. v. Barber, 221 Ga. App. 713, 714 (472 SE2d 695) (1996) (bank’s

security deed had priority over a subsequently recorded declaration of restrictive

covenants and foreclosure would have invalidated restrictions had they attached).

That priority of filing may be relevant to whether the declaration of covenants applies

to the foreclosed lots. But it is not relevant to lots — like the 2009 lot — that were

expressly excluded from the foreclosure; those lots are still bound by the declaration

of covenants under which they were acquired. Springmont is controlling. In that case,

as here, certain subdivision lots were also sold by a developer subject to a declaration

of covenants and other unpurchased lots were subsequently foreclosed by a bank. We

held, “the [d]eclaration bound those taking [lots] under the developer[.]” Id. (citations

omitted).

      The alternative arguments put forth by the Jeschkes, citing evidence that the

declaration had not been enforced and that there is an absence of mutuality of contract

after the foreclosure, do not create genuine issues of material fact as to the

applicability of the declaration of covenants to the 2009 lot. The trial court therefore

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did not err in concluding that the lot purchased before the foreclosure is bound by the

declaration of covenants.

      3. Implied covenant theory.

      As for the lots obtained by REO after the 2011 foreclosure — including the lot

they purchased from REO in 2016 — the Jeschkes assert an implied covenant theory.

We agree that there are genuine issues of material fact as to whether the lot bought

in 2016 is bound by the declaration under an implied covenant theory.

             (W)here an owner of land subdivides it into lots for the purpose
      of sale, under a general plan or scheme restricting the lots to certain
      uses, restrictions that are embodied in such general plan or scheme may
      in a proper case be imposed upon the lots beyond the express restrictions
      contained in the deeds to the purchasers, on the theory of implied
      covenants. The need for such a rule is particularly compelling where
      third parties have relied on the applicability of the covenants. The party
      wishing to enforce a non-express agreement must, of course, establish
      the area covered by the agreement and the specific content of the
      restrictions alleged. This is usually accomplished by showing a common
      grantor’s general scheme or plan for developing the property in
      question.

Castle Point Homeowners Assn. v. Simmons, 333 Ga. App. 501, 505-506 (773 SE2d

806) (2015) (citations and punctuation omitted). “Restrictive covenants may apply

to lots in a planned development under an implied covenant theory, even if the

developer failed to comply with all formalities, as long as the landowner had

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knowledge of the restrictive covenants at the time he purchased the property.”

Waterfront, LLP v. River Oaks Condo. Assn., 287 Ga. App. 442, 445 (651 SE2d 481)

(2007) (citations and punctuation omitted).

      In this case, the Jeschkes have pointed to evidence creating material questions

of fact as to whether the declaration of covenants is applicable to the lot that they

acquired after the foreclosure. As noted above, the security deed was filed before and

was thus superior to the declaration of covenants, so there is a questions of fact as to

whether the declaration of covenants remained applicable to the unsold lots after the

foreclosure. See Springmont, supra. Moreover, the Jeschkes have cited evidence that

the declaration of covenants has not been implemented, that the homeowners

association was not properly formed, that no dues or assessments were ever collected,

and that the declaration of covenants has never been enforced. So even though the

Jeschkes were clearly aware of the declaration of covenants, having previously

bought a lot in 2009 subject to the declaration, there are questions of fact as to

whether they had knowledge that those restrictive covenants were still in effect and

applicable to the lot they purchased in 2016. The trial court therefore erred in granting

partial summary judgment as to that lot acquired after the foreclosure because there

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are “issue[s] of fact as to whether [it] is bound by the [declaration of] covenants under

the theory of implied covenants.” Castle Point, supra at 506-507 (citation omitted).

      Judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part. Ray and Rickman, JJ., concur.

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