Court Opinion

ID: 9950699
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-14 16:16:42.985371+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:35:47.921493
License: Public Domain

J-A06004-24

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  GRANT ROBERT TANTLINGER                      :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 710 WDA 2023

        Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered May 24, 2023
  In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County Criminal Division
                    at No(s): CP-65-CR-0003615-2020

BEFORE: LAZARUS, P.J., PANELLA, P.J.E., and BECK, J.

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, P.J.:                        FILED: March 14, 2024

       Grant Robert Tantlinger appeals from the judgment of sentence, entered

in the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County, after the trial court

convicted him, in a nonjury trial, of accidents involving death or personal

injury1 and duties at stop signs.2 We affirm.

       The trial court set forth the factual history of this matter as follows:

       On August 28, 2020[,] at approximately 11:00 a.m., Detective
       [Paul] Manke was dispatched to the intersection of Locust Street
       and Ridge Avenue in the City of New Kensington[] to investigate
       a motorcycle accident. He observed a motorcycle lying on the
       roadway and a man lying in the grass. [Detective] Manke
       obtained a surveillance video from an individual who lived across
       the street from the fallen motorcycle.            Introduced as
       Commonwealth’s Exhibit One, the surveillance video, which
       included clips (identified as chapters) from several cameras

____________________________________________

1 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3742(a).

2 Id. at 3323(b).
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     mounted at different vantage points, displayed the impact
     between the [Tantlinger’s] vehicle and the motorcycle.

     Patrolman [Michael] Krahe responded separately from Detective
     Manke. He testified that he observed the victim lying on the
     ground in front of 501 Ridge Avenue and his disabled motorcycle
     in the roadway five to ten feet away. While the victim was being
     treated by medical personnel, [Detective] Manke and [Patrolman]
     Krahe looked for witnesses. Sometime thereafter, [Detective]
     Manke went to speak with the resident whose camera filmed the
     video, and Officers Krahe and Huth left the scene to drive around
     the area in search of the vehicle depicted in the video.

     After an unsuccessful search, they spoke to [Detective] Manke,
     who had returned to the New Kensington Police station. He told
     them that the suspect, who was later identified as [Tantlinger],
     had arrived at the New Kensington Police station to inquire about
     the accident. When [Officers] Krahe and Huth arrived at the New
     Kensington station, they saw a vehicle matching the one they had
     viewed in the video, parked in the parking lot. [Patrolman] Krahe
     eventually interviewed [Tantlinger], who acknowledged living
     close to the accident scene and owning the vehicle identified in
     the video. After watching the video, [Tantlinger] agreed that he
     had struck the motorcycle but denied being aware of it at the time.
     [Patrolman] Krahe testified that [Tantlinger] acknowledged seeing
     the motorcycle before hearing a “thump” and feeling a “bump.”
     However, during his testimony, [Tantlinger] denied having seen
     the motorcycle before the accident. [Tantlinger] testified that
     “[he] didn't know if [he] was involved in anything,” but that after
     traveling through the intersection, “[he] did check” and “looked
     around his car.” He then drove to Giant Eagle, where he spoke
     with a “relative,” who encouraged him to turn himself in. After
     the interview, [Patrolman] Krahe examined [Tantlinger’s] vehicle
     and observed paint scuff marks and scratches on the front bumper
     of the [] vehicle.

     [The victim,] Dennis Allen[,] recalled that he was riding his
     motorcycle to his dentist appointment in downtown New
     Kensington before the accident happened; however, he does not
     recall anything about the accident itself. His next memory is [of]
     waking up at Allegheny General[ Hospital]’s emergency room.
     Allen identified his injuries from the accident as a broken ankle
     that required surgical insertion of eleven pins; blunt injury to his
     sternum; eight broken ribs; three broken vertebrae; a broken

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     collar bone; a broken pinky finger[;] bleeding on both sides of his
     brain; and an aortic aneurism.

     [Allen] was in the Allegheny General Hospital for four days before
     being transferred, due to insurance issues, to Presbyterian
     Hospital, where he remained for two weeks. After his discharge
     from Presbyterian Hospital, Allen went to a nursing home.
     However, after only one day, he discharged himself to recuperate
     with a visiting nurse and physical therapist.        Allen used a
     wheelchair and/or crutches for approximately two-and-one-half
     months and saw a nurse and physical therapist for approximately
     two months. Because of his brain injury, he still has problems
     with balance and memory loss. [Allen’s] pinkie finger is “all stiff,”
     and doesn’t function the way it did before the accident. It was
     visibly deformed at the time of trial. [Allen] no longer plays golf
     or hikes. He has developed a wheeze and a cough from his chest
     injuries, and these interfere with his sleep.

     [Tantlinger] testified that on the morning of August 28[, 2020,]
     he left his home on Ridge Avenue to run some errands. His first
     stop was at First National Bank on Locust Street. To get there,
     [Tantlinger] described entering a “funky” intersection where “the
     traffic is always flying.” He said he looked left, looked right, and
     then looked left again before entering the intersection. Seeing no
     vehicle approaching, he entered the intersection. He heard
     someone yell his name several times and then felt a bump. After
     feeling the bump, [Tantlinger] checked all of his mirrors and
     looked out of his windows but saw nothing. He traveled up a hill
     and then pulled over to check his vehicle. Because he did not see
     anything, he continued on to Giant Eagle. His grandmother called
     him while he was at Giant Eagle to tell him not to worry if he heard
     about the accident that occurred outside of her house, apparently
     because she was not injured.           His conversation with his
     grandmother made him concerned that he might have been
     involved in the accident she described.

     When [Tantlinger] entered the police station, [he] told a woman
     sitting at the desk that he might have been involved in an
     accident. He spoke to officers and explained that he had felt a
     bump but did not believe that he had hit anything. He asked them
     to show him the video. After watching the video, [Tantlinger]
     admitted that the car that struck Allen was his car. However, he
     denied that he had seen a motorcycle before the accident or knew
     that he had hit a motorcycle and injured Allen when he drove
     away.

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Trial Court Opinion, 8/1/23, at 2-5 (citations to record, footnote, and

parenthetical numerals omitted).

       A nonjury trial was held on July 25, 2022, after which the trial court

ordered the parties to submit briefs on the issue of whether Allen’s injuries

satisfied the statutory requirement for “serious bodily injury.” On October 6,

2022, the trial court found Tantlinger guilty of the above offenses and deferred

sentencing. On January 31, 2023, the court sentenced Tantlinger to 90 days

to two years, minus one day, of incarceration for accident involving death or

injury, to be served on home monitoring.         The court imposed no further

penalty for duties at stop signs. Thereafter, on February 16, 2023, the court

vacated its January 31, 2023 sentencing order because it determined that

home monitoring was an illegal sentence.         On April 11, 2023, the court

resentenced Tantlinger to a sentence of the same duration, to be served at

Westmoreland County Prison.

       On May 3, 2023, having retained new counsel, Tantlinger filed a motion

for leave to file a post-sentence motion, nunc pro tunc,3 which the

Commonwealth opposed. By order filed May 8, 2023, the trial court granted

leave to file the motion, nunc pro tunc, and scheduled a hearing thereon.
____________________________________________

3 Tantlinger’s motion for leave to file a post-sentence motion, nunc pro tunc,

was filed and granted within 30 days of the imposition of his April 11, 2023
amended judgment of sentence and, as such, tolled the appeal period. See
Commonwealth v. Capaldi, 112 A.3d 1242, 1244 (Pa. Super. 2015) (post-
sentence motion, nunc pro tunc, may toll appeal period when: (1) defendant
requests that trial court consider post-sentence motion nunc pro tunc; (2) trial
court explicitly permits filing of motion, nunc pro tunc; and (3) both conditions
are met within 30 days of sentencing).

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Following that hearing, on May 24, 2023, the trial court issued an order

granting, in part, and denying, in part, Tantlinger’s post-sentence motion.

Specifically, the court denied Tantlinger’s request for a pre-sentence

investigation, which he had previously waived. However, the court granted

Tantlinger’s request for a later report date and reduced Tantlinger’s maximum

sentence from 23 months to six months. See Trial Court Order, 5/24/23, at

3 (unpaginated).

      On June 21, 2023, Tantlinger filed a notice of appeal to the April 11,

2023 judgment of sentence.        However, because the court subsequently

amended his sentence on May 24, 2023, Tantlinger filed an amended notice

of appeal to that judgment of sentence on June 22, 2023. Both Tantlinger

and the trial court have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. Tantlinger raises the

following issue for our review:

      Whether the evidence was insufficient as a matter of law where
      [Tantlinger] testified that[,] when the large vehicle he was driving
      struck a motorcycle, he did not realize that he had hit anything,
      prior to leaving the scene, and the trial court chose to merely
      disbelieve his testimony?

Brief of Appellant, at 4.

      Our standard of review of challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence is

well-settled:

      The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence
      is whether[,] viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light
      most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence
      to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond
      a reasonable doubt. In applying the above test, we may not weigh
      the evidence and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In

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     addition, we note that the facts and circumstances established by
     the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of
     innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may be
     resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak and
     inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of fact may be
     drawn from the combined circumstances. . . . Finally, the finder of
     fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight
     of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part[,] or none of
     the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Jones, 271 A.3d 452, 457–58 (Pa. Super. 2021), quoting

Commonwealth v. Brockman, 167 A.3d 29, 38 (Pa. Super. 2017).

     Tantlinger challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his

conviction for accidents involving death or personal injury. See 75 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 3742. The statute provides as follows:

     (a) General rule.--The driver of any vehicle involved in an accident
     resulting in injury or death of any person shall immediately stop
     the vehicle at the scene of the accident or as close thereto as
     possible but shall then forthwith return to and in every event shall
     remain at the scene of the accident until he has fulfilled the
     requirements of section 3744 (relating to duty to give information
     and render aid). Every stop shall be made without obstructing
     traffic more than is necessary.

Id. at § 3742(a).

     Section 3744 of the Vehicle Code requires as follows:

     (a)   General rule.--The driver of any vehicle involved in an
           accident resulting in injury to or death of any person or
           damage to any vehicle or other property which is driven or
           attended by any person shall give his name, address[,] and
           the registration number of the vehicle he is driving, and shall
           upon request exhibit his driver’s license and information
           relating to financial responsibility to any person injured in
           the accident or to the driver or occupant of or person
           attending any vehicle or other property damaged in the
           accident and shall give the information and upon request
           exhibit the license and information relating to financial

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            responsibility to any police officer at the scene of the
            accident or who is investigating the accident and shall
            render to any person injured in the accident reasonable
            assistance, including the making of arrangements for the
            carrying of the injured person to a physician, surgeon[,] or
            hospital for medical or surgical treatment if it is apparent
            that treatment is necessary or if requested by the injured
            person.

Id. § at 3744(a).

      The Vehicle Code defines “serious bodily injury” as “[a]ny bodily injury

which creates a substantial risk of death or which causes serious, permanent

disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily

member or organ.” Id. at § 102.

      Here, Tantlinger argues that the Commonwealth failed to demonstrate

that he possessed the requisite mens rea to support his conviction. While

acknowledging decisions of this Court which have held that the scienter

element for section 3742 is “known or should have known,” he nonetheless

submits that “the Commonwealth must prove more than [that] a person

‘should have known’ they were in an accident to support a conviction” under

section 3742. Brief of Appellant, at 20.

      Tantlinger further argues that “[h]e presented plausible testimony [that

he did not know he had hit the victim] and the trial court merely disbelieved

him.” Id. at 25. Because the Commonwealth cannot sustain its burden of

proof solely on the factfinder’s disbelief of the defendant’s testimony, the

evidence was insufficient to support his conviction.    See id. at 23, citing

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Commonwealth v. Graham, 596 A.2d 1117, 1118 (Pa. 1991). He is entitled

to no relief.

      While section 3742 itself does not contain a scienter requirement,

binding precedent of this Court has established that, to support a conviction

under section 3742, the Commonwealth must establish that the “driver knew

or should have known” that he was involved in an accident involving personal

injury or death. Commonwealth v. Woosman, 819 A.2d 1198, 1206 (Pa.

Super. 2003).   See also Commonwealth v. Kinney, 863 A.2d 581 (Pa.

Super. 2004).

      The trial court addressed Tantlinger’s claim as follows:

      In this case, the evidence, particularly the video, clearly
      establishes that [Tantlinger] either knew he had struck the victim
      or should have known that he had been involved in an accident.
      The damage to [Tantlinger’s] vehicle and surveillance footage
      establishes that the impact occurred to the front of [Tantlinger’s]
      vehicle. Surely, as the accident occurred in his line of sight, the
      motorcycle would have been visible to [Tantlinger] if not before,
      then at the point of impact.         According to Officer Krahe,
      [Tantlinger] admitted to seeing a motorcycle prior to the accident.
      Even if [Tantlinger] did not see the impact, hearing a thump and
      feeling a bump, after seeing a motorcycle, creates some
      awareness on [Tantlinger’s] part [] that he was involved in an
      accident.

      [Tantlinger’s] actions after the accident also lend credence to the
      Commonwealth’s assertion that he knew that he had been in an
      accident. After traveling up a hill, he pulled over to check his
      vehicle. If he did not think that he had been involved in an
      accident, there would have been no need for this. Most damning
      were [Tantlinger’s] actions in turning himself in after reaching
      Giant Eagle. These are the actions of a person with a guilty
      conscience, and [Tantlinger’s] explanations to the contrary were
      not credible.

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Trial Court Opinion, 8/1/23, at 10-11.

      Upon our review of the record, we agree with the trial court that the

Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to prove that Tantlinger knew

or should have known that he was involved in an accident. Woosman, supra.

In particular, the video evidence clearly demonstrated that the accident

occurred in Tantlinger’s direct line of sight when he impacted Allen’s

motorcycle    with   the   front   of   his   vehicle   in   broad   daylight.   See

Commonwealth’s Exhibit 1, Chapter 5, at 10:16:24; Commonwealth’s Exhibit

1, Chapter 3, at 10:16:24. Tantlinger’s subsequent actions of pulling over

and checking his vehicle for damage and, ultimately, turning himself in at the

police station are further evidence of Tantlinger’s awareness that an accident

had occurred. Accordingly, we conclude that the evidence was sufficient to

sustain Tantlinger’s conviction for accidents involving death or personal injury.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

 DATE: 03/14/2024

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