Court Opinion

ID: 9889866
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-10-11 17:10:55.714991+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:49:42.298071
License: Public Domain

J-A13040-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  BENNETT WILLIAMS REALTY, INC.                :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  FOUR BROTHERS REAL ESTATE, LLC               :
  AND LUCKY SPEROS INC.                        :
                                               :   No. 915 MDA 2022
                       Appellant               :

                Appeal from the Order Entered May 31, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of York County Civil Division at No(s):
                             2020-SU-001801

  BENNETT WILLIAMS REALTY, INC.                :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellant               :
                                               :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
  FOUR BROTHERS REAL ESTATE LLC.               :   No. 957 MDA 2022
  AND LUCKY SPEROS INC.                        :

                Appeal from the Order Entered May 31, 2022
    In the Court of Common Pleas of York County Civil Division at No(s):
                             2020-SU-001801

BEFORE:      BOWES, J., LAZARUS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.:                        FILED OCTOBER 11, 2023

       Four Brothers Real Estate LLC. and Lucky Speros Inc. (“Sellers”) appeal

from the May 31, 2022, order entered in the Court of Common Pleas of York

County, which granted partial summary judgment in favor of Bennett Williams

____________________________________________

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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Realty, Inc. (“Broker”). Additionally, Broker cross-appeals from the May 31,

2022, order.1     After a careful review, we quash this appeal.

       The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows: On September

1, 2020, Broker filed a complaint against Sellers averring that, on September

6, 2019, the parties executed an exclusive listing and authorization to sell

agreement (“the Brokerage Agreement”).           The Brokerage Agreement was

effective from September 4, 2019, to March 31, 2020, and related to Broker’s

exclusive right to sell the real estate and improvements at 3245 Susquehanna

Trail, York, PA (“the Property”).

       Under the Brokerage Agreement, Sellers agreed to pay Broker a six

percent commission fee if the Property was sold during the term of the

Agreement.      Further, the Brokerage Agreement provided that “Broker is

entitled to a six percent commission fee for any transaction with any

prospective buyer identified by Broker and who is actively engaged with

Broker at the termination of the Brokerage Agreement that are consummated

within one hundred and eighty days of the termination of the Brokerage

Agreement.” Broker’s Complaint, filed 9/1/20, at 3.

       Additionally, the Brokerage Agreement provided that, if Broker

instituted suit to collect any compensation and successfully secured an award

____________________________________________

1 Sellers’ appeal is docketed at 915 MDA 2022 while Broker’s cross-appeal is

docketed at 957 MDA 2022. By order entered on November 7, 2022, this
Court sua sponte consolidated the appeal and cross-appeal.

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or judgment, Sellers were required to pay all costs incurred by Broker in

connection with the action.     Broker alleged that, under the Pennsylvania

Commercial Real Estate Broker Lien Act, 68 P.S. §§ 1051-63, Broker was

entitled to recover costs, fees, and prejudgment interest if seeking to enforce

a lien arising out of the Brokerage Agreement.

      Broker averred that, while the Brokerage Agreement was in effect, it

actively engaged in the negotiation and sale of the Property to Queen Street

Messina, LLC (“Queen Street”).      On or about November 13, 2019, Sellers

entered into an agreement for the sale of the Property to Queen Street for

$550,000.00, but they executed one or more extensions of the agreement

due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Still, the Property remained under contract as

of the termination date of the Brokerage Agreement; however, on May 28,

2020, the agreement of sale between Sellers and Queen Street was

terminated.

      Broker indicated that, two months later, on or about July 25, 2020,

Sellers entered into a second agreement to sell and convey the Property to

Queen Street for $550,000.00.       Asserting it was owed a brokerage fee of

$33,000.00 in connection with the sale, Broker served a notice of intent to file

a claim for a broker’s lien on Sellers and Queen Street. On August 12, 2020,

Broker filed a notice of a lien on the Property in the amount of $33,000.00,

plus all costs, attorneys’ fees, and interest.

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      While the sale was still pending, Sellers and Queen Street agreed to

substitute 3245 Susquehanna LLC (Susquehanna LLC) as the purchaser of the

Property. Francesco J. Messina, who was the sole owner of Queen Street, was

a one-third owner of Susquehanna LLC, and the remaining ownership interest

was held by two investors. Broker alleged Susquehanna LLC is a successor in

interest to or affiliate of Queen Street.   Accordingly, on August 18, 2020,

Broker served a notice of intent to file a broker’s lien on Sellers and

Susquehanna LLC, and on August 24, 2020, Broker filed a second notice of

lien on the Property in the amount of $33,000.00, plus all costs, attorneys’

fees, and interest.

      Prior to the closing, on August 24, 2020, Broker, Sellers, and

Susquehanna LLC executed an agreement to escrow monies related to the

brokerage fee as provided for in the Brokerage Agreement.       On this date,

Sellers conveyed the property to Susquehanna LLC for $550,000.00 with

$37,643.00 paid into escrow.

      In its complaint, in Count 1, Broker presented a claim of breach of

contract as to the Brokerage Agreement; in Count 2, Broker presented a claim

of promissory estoppel, and in Count 3, Broker presented a claim of unjust

enrichment.

      On October 16, 2020, Sellers filed an answer with new matter, and

Broker filed a reply on October 26, 2020. Thereafter, on July 27, 2021, Broker

filed a motion for summary judgment wherein it averred that, after the first

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agreement of sale was terminated between Sellers and Queen Street, they

“renegotiated the same sale agreement.” Broker’s Motion for Summary

Judgment, filed 7/27/21, at 4. Specifically, on July 3, 2020, Sellers’ attorney

emailed Queen Street’s attorney indicating Sellers had worked out an

agreement to put the Property “back on the table.” Id. Accordingly, on July

25, 2020, Sellers and Queen Street executed an agreement of sale, which was

“in all respects…the same agreement” as before, except Sellers’ attorney

drafted the agreement of sale. Id. at 5.

       Broker indicated that, on August 11, 2020, Queen Street sent Broker an

email indicating “absent further written instructions, we will provide for

payment of [the Broker’s] commission on the settlement sheet.”             Id.

However, one week later, Queen Street assigned its right to purchase the

property to the newly formed entity, Susquehanna LLC, and less than a week

later, the parties closed on the property. Broker contended there was no

genuine issue of material fact, and it was entitled to judgment as a matter of

law on its breach of contract claim. On September 9, 2021, Sellers filed a

response in opposition to the motion for summary judgment.

       By order and opinion entered on October 14, 2021, the trial court denied

Broker’s motion for summary judgment as to the breach of contract claim.2

____________________________________________

2 The trial court specifically noted Broker’s motion for summary judgment
related solely to its breach of contract claim and presented no issue as to the
other two claims, i.e., the claims for promissory estoppel and unjust
enrichment.

                                           -5-
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The trial court found there were genuine issues of material fact. Specifically,

the trial court concluded “the record is not fully developed at this point in time,

and thus, [Sellers] shall be afforded the opportunity to take depositions or to

otherwise obtain discovery in order to shed more light on the material facts in

this case.” Trial Court Opinion, filed 10/14/21, at 9.

      On March 30, 2022, Broker filed a second motion for summary judgment

wherein it again averred there were no genuine issues of material fact, and it

was entitled to judgment as a matter of law on its breach of contract claim.

Broker did not seek summary judgment as to its claims of promissory estoppel

or unjust enrichment. On April 22, 2022, Sellers filed a response in opposition

to Broker’s second motion for summary judgment.

      By order and opinion entered on May 31, 2022, the trial court held

Broker’s “motion for summary judgment filed on March 30, 2022, is GRANTED.

Judgment is entered in the amount of $37,643.00 together with interest from

August 24, 2020.” Trial Court Order, filed 5/31/22, at 1.

      On June 2, 2022, Broker filed a “Motion to Amend Order for Summary

Judgment.”    Specifically, Broker argued that, with regard to its breach of

contract claim, it was entitled to attorneys’ fees, and, thus, Broker requested

the trial court hold a hearing to assess the proper amount of attorneys’ fees.

Sellers filed a response in opposition.

      On June 23, 2022, Sellers filed a notice of appeal from the trial court’s

May 31, 2022, partial summary judgment order. On June 29, 2022, Broker

                                       -6-
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filed a cross-appeal from the trial court’s May 31, 2022, partial summary

judgment order.       On July 19, 2022, the trial court filed an order denying

without prejudice Broker’s motion to amend the order for summary judgment.

Specifically, the trial court opined that, since notices of appeal had been filed

to this Court, it was without jurisdiction to rule on Broker’s motion to amend.3

       On appeal, Sellers set forth the following issues in their “Statement of

Questions Involved” (verbatim):

       A. Did the lower court err in finding that [Broker] was entitled to
          a commission when there existed no material issue of fact that
          [Broker] did not fulfill its obligation under the Commission
          Agreement?
       B. Did the lower court err in finding that the ultimate sale to 3245
          Susquehanna, LLC merits a commission because there was a
          “significant connection” between Queen Street Messina, LLC,
          and 3245 Susquehanna, LLC?

Sellers’ Brief at 7 (suggested answers omitted).

       Moreover, in its cross-appeal, Broker sets forth the following issues in

its “Statement of Questions Involved” (verbatim):

       A. Whether the trial court properly entered an order granting
          [Broker’s] motion for summary judgment on its breach of
          contract claim where all parties agree that a contract existed
          and that Sellers breached the contract by failing to pay
          [Broker] a commission?
       B. Whether the trial court failed to properly award attorneys’ fees
          to [Broker] despite the express fee-shifting provision in the
          contract awarding fees to [Broker] if it prevails in a suit against
          Sellers?

____________________________________________

3 The trial court directed Sellers and Broker to file Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
statements, and both parties timely complied.

                                           -7-
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Broker’s Brief at 2 (suggested answers and unnecessary capitalization

omitted).

      Initially, we note that, after receiving the notices of appeal and

docketing statement, this Court issued show-cause orders on October 20,

2022. We questioned, sua sponte, whether the appealed-from order was a

final order under Pa.R.A.P. 341, as asserted in the docketing statements. In

separate responses, Sellers and Broker acknowledged Count 2 (promissory

estoppel) and Count 3 (unjust enrichment) of Broker’s complaint were not

disposed of by the trial court. However, both parties averred the trial court’s

order granting summary judgment as to Count 1 (breach of contract) of the

complaint “effectively ends the litigation or disposes of the entire case.”

Broker’s Response, filed 10/24/22, at 1; Sellers’ Response, filed 11/1/22, at

1. Both parties requested this Court consider the “practical ramifications” of

the trial court’s May 31, 2022, order. This Court discharged the show-cause

orders and deferred the issue of appellate jurisdiction to this merits panel.

      Before we may address the merits of the appellate claims, we must first

determine whether we have jurisdiction to entertain this appeal. A court’s

jurisdiction is a threshold issue that the court may consider at any time. See

McCutcheon v. Philadelphia Elec. Co., 567 Pa. 470, 788 A.2d 345, 349

(2002). Accordingly, we must determine whether the trial court’s May 31,

2022, order is appealable since “the appealability of an order directly

                                     -8-
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implicates the jurisdiction of the court asked to review the order.” Estate of

Considine v. Wachovia Bank, 966 A.2d 1148, 1151 (Pa.Super. 2009).

       Pennsylvania law makes clear:

       [A]n appeal may be taken from: (1) a final order or an order
       certified as a final order (Pa.R.A.P. 341); (2) an interlocutory order
       as of right (Pa.R.A.P. 311); (3) an interlocutory order by
       permission (Pa.R.A.P. 312, 1311, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 702(b)); or (4)
       a collateral order (Pa.R.A.P. 313).

Stahl v. Redcay, 897 A.2d 478, 485 (Pa.Super. 2006).

       Here, Sellers and Broker aver they have taken appeals from a final

order.4 Under the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure, “an appeal may

be taken of right from any final order of a…trial court.” Pa.R.A.P. 341(a). By

definition, a final order “disposes of all claims and of all parties….[or] is

entered as a final order pursuant to paragraph (c) of this Rule….” Pa.R.A.P.

341(b). Paragraph (c) provides:

             When more than one claim for relief is presented in an
       action, whether as a claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-
       party claim, or when multiple parties are involved, the trial court
       or other government unit may enter a final order as to one or
       more but fewer than all of the claims and parties only upon an
       express determination that an immediate appeal would facilitate
       resolution of the entire case. Such an order becomes appealable
       when entered. In the absence of such a determination and
       entry of a final order, any order or other form of decision
       that adjudicates fewer than all the claims and parties shall

____________________________________________

4 We note that, in their appellate briefs, neither party  analyzes this Court’s
jurisdiction. Sellers summarily indicate this Court has jurisdiction under 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 742, which provides this Court has appellate jurisdiction of appeals
from final orders of the court of common pleas. Broker did not set forth a
statement of jurisdiction in its brief.

                                           -9-
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      not constitute a final order.          In addition, the following
      conditions shall apply:
            (1)   An application for a determination of finality
                  under paragraph (c) must be filed within 30
                  days of entry of the order. During the time an
                  application for a determination of finality is
                  pending, the action is stayed.
            (2)   Unless the trial court or other government unit
                  acts on the application within 30 days after it is
                  filed, the trial court or other government unit
                  shall no longer consider the application and it
                  shall be deemed denied.
            (3)   A notice of appeal may be filed within 30 days
                  after entry of an order as amended unless a
                  shorter time period is provided in Pa.R.A.P.
                  903(c). Any denial of such an application is
                  reviewable only through a petition for
                  permission to appeal under Pa.R.A.P. 1311.

Pa.R.A.P. 341(c) (bold added).

      Here, there is no dispute Broker presented three claims in its complaint,

i.e., breach of contract, promissory estoppel, and unjust enrichment.

However, Broker requested, and the trial court’s May 31, 2022, order granted,

summary judgment solely as to the breach of contract claim. Simply put, the

trial court’s order did not dispose of Broker’s claims for promissory estoppel

or unjust enrichment, and the certified record reveals those claims remain

pending in the trial court.   As such, the trial court’s May 31, 2022, order

adjudicated fewer than all claims, and accordingly, it is not a final order as

defined by Pa.R.A.P. 341(b).      Moreover, we note neither party filed an

application for determination of finality under Pa.R.A.P. 341(c).

                                    - 10 -
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       In their responses to this Court’s show-cause orders, Sellers and Broker

both acknowledge that claims are pending in the trial court; however, citing

to Kulp v. Hrivnak, 765 A.2d 796 (Pa.Super. 2000), they urge this Court to

exercise its jurisdiction on the basis the “practical ramification of the order will

be to dispose of the case, making review appropriate.” Kulp, 765 A.2d at

798.

       Twenty years ago, this Court rejected the statement from Kulp as being

no longer good law. In Brickman Group, Ltd. v. CGU Ins. Co., 829 A.2d

1160 (Pa.Super. 2003), we explained as follows:

             [The appellant] urges that, in those cases where an order
       does not fit any of these [Rule 341(b)] definitions perfectly, this
       Court should “consider whether the practical ramifications of the
       order will be to dispose of the case, making review appropriate.”
       Kulp, 765 A.2d at 798. We first note that the preceding language
       from Kulp traces its origin to caselaw evaluating the appealability
       of orders prior to the 1992 amendment of Rule 341. See id.
              This Court in Robert H. McKinney, Jr. Associates, Inc.
       v. Albright, 632 A.2d 937 (Pa.Super. 1993), explained the
       significance of the 1992 amendment:
                     Case law which interpreted the earlier
             provisions of Rule 341, considered final all orders
             which had a practical consequence of putting a litigant
             out of court. These included instances where a party
             was dismissed from a case or, in some circumstances,
             where some, but not all of the counts of a multi-count
             complaint were dismissed. Thus, finality was often
             determined without regard to the fact that the
             litigation did not end as to all claims or all parties.
             However, under the amended version of Rule 341, as
             quoted above, this is no longer the case for actions
             commenced after July 6, 1992. Under the [current]
             rule, an appeal may not be taken from an order
             dismissing less than all claims or all parties from a
             case. An exception to this general rule exists under

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           subparagraph     (c),  whenever        an     express
           determination has been made by the trial court that
           an immediate appeal would facilitate resolution of the
           entire case.

     Id. at 938–39.
            [The appellant] maintains that the conditional nature of [the
     appellee’s] claims against the additional defendants rendered
     them essentially dismissed upon the granting of summary
     judgment in favor of [the appellee]. Therefore, [the appellant]
     asserts we should consider that the “practical ramification” of the
     order is to dispose of the entire case. Yet, it has been firmly
     established since the promulgation of the 1992 amendment to
     Pa.R.A.P. 341 that orders can be considered final and appealable
     only if they meet the requirements set forth in the rule. Prelude,
     Inc. v. Jorcyk, 695 A.2d 422 (Pa.Super. 1997) (en banc)
     (quashing appeals where order did not dismiss all defendants and
     finality determination under 341(c) was not pursued
     notwithstanding the fact that two remaining defendants had filed
     for federal bankruptcy protection)….
            As stated by the majority in Prelude, 695 A.2d at 422,
     “Rule 341 is fundamental to the exercise of jurisdiction by this
     court. It is not surprising, therefore, that the rule has been
     rigorously applied.” Id. at 424 (collecting cases). In Prelude, the
     case had been dismissed against all but two defendants. The two
     remaining defendants both had filed for federal bankruptcy
     protection. The Court held that the order dismissing less than all
     of the defendants was not a final, appealable order. The Court
     further noted that no finality determination pursuant to 341(c)
     had been pursued. Therefore, the Court held that it did not have
     jurisdiction over the case and quashed the appeal.

Brickman Group, Ltd., 829 A.2d at 1163–64 (citation omitted). See

Sunday v. Forester, 110 MDA 2022, 2023 WL 2607443 (Pa.Super. 3/23/23)

                                    - 12 -
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(unpublished     memorandum)         (explaining   and   applying   the   holding   of

Brickman Group, Ltd.).5

       Similar to the appellant in Brickman Group, Ltd., Sellers and Broker

argue for the same construction of Rule 341(b). They would have us overlook

the absence of true finality as defined by Pa.R.A.P. 341 because, in their view,

the appealed-from order “effectively” puts them out of court. As this Court

sitting en banc has rejected that approach to Rule 341(b), we may not apply

it in such a fashion. See Prelude, supra. To do so would be to exercise

appellate jurisdiction that has yet to vest under Rule 341(a) due to the

outstanding claims presented in Broker’s complaint.6          Simply put, the trial

court’s May 31, 2022, order did not dispose of “all claims and of all parties”

as required by Rule 341(b).

       Moreover, as indicated supra, neither Sellers nor Broker asked the trial

court to certify “that an immediate appeal [from the order in question] would

facilitate resolution of the entire case…within 30 days of entry of the order.”

Pa.R.A.P. 341(c)(1). “In the absence of such a determination and entry of a

____________________________________________

5 We cite Sunday, supra, for its persuasive value. See Pa.R.A.P. 126(b)
(indicating non-precedential Superior Court decisions filed after May 1, 2019,
may be cited for their persuasive value).
6 We note that, pertaining to Broker’s request for attorneys’ fees in connection

with the breach of contract claim, the trial court denied the request without
prejudice to Broker’s right to present the issue to the trial court after this
Court relinquishes its jurisdiction. Thus, in addition to the two outstanding
counts in Broker’s complaint, Broker has not been “effectively put out of court”
as to its request for attorneys’ fees.

                                          - 13 -
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final order, any order or other form of decision that adjudicates fewer than all

the claim and parties shall not constitute a final order.” Pa.R.A.P. 341(c)

(emphasis added). Nor did Sellers or Broker petition for permission to appeal

with this Court regarding the appealed-from order. See Pa.R.A.P. 341(c)(3);

Pa.R.A.P. 1311.

       Furthermore, neither Sellers nor Broker presented or developed any

argument that the trial court’s order is a collateral order under Pa.R.A.P. 313.7

Lastly, the order is not an interlocutory order appealable as of right under

Pa.R.A.P. 311.

       For all of the aforementioned reasons, we conclude the trial court’s May

31, 2022, order is unappealable.          Neither party requested judgment in its

favor as to Counts two and three of Broker’s complaint. Thus, by granting

Broker’s motion for partial summary judgment, the trial court granted

judgment in Broker’s favor only on Count one of the complaint. Since Counts

two and three remain unresolved, the trial court’s summary judgment order

did not dispose of all claims and all parties. Accordingly, it is a non-appealable

interlocutory order. We lack jurisdiction to decide the merits of the issues at

this time, and, thus, we quash Sellers’ appeal and Broker’s cross-appeal.

____________________________________________

7 In any event, we note that one of the requirements of Pa.R.A.P. 313 is that

“the question presented is such that if review is postponed until final judgment
in the case, the claim will be irreparably lost.” Pa.R.A.P. 313(b). Here, there
is no indication from the record that the rights in this case will be irreparably
lost “if review is postponed until final judgment[.]” Id.

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     Appeals Quashed.

     Judge Lazarus joins this Memorandum.

     Judge Bowes files a Dissenting Memorandum.

Date: 10/11/2023

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