Court Opinion

ID: 9380985
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-21 18:07:02.60634+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:17:28.922852
License: Public Domain

J-S39017-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    ANGEL MIGUEL MUNOZ-RODRIGUEZ               :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 285 MDA 2022

             Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 19, 2022
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Adams County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-01-CR-0000334-2020

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E., and NICHOLS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.:                  FILED: MARCH 21, 2023

       Angel Miguel Munoz-Rodriguez, Appellant, appeals from the order

dismissing his first, timely petition for relief filed under the Post Conviction

Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.           Appellant’s second court-

appointed counsel, Jamison Entwistle, Esq., has filed a petition to withdraw

and accompanying brief pursuant to Turner/Finley,1 and Appellant has filed

a pro se brief.      We vacate the PCRA court’s order and remand for the

appointment of new counsel.

       The PCRA petition concerned Appellant’s guilty plea to one count of

failing to register as a sex offender, for which Appellant received a negotiated

sentence of 27 to 60 months of incarceration. The parties have framed the

issue as whether the Pennsylvania State Police (“PSP”) correctly determined
____________________________________________

1Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth v.
Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).
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that Appellant must register as a sexual offender for life.      The basis for

Appellant’s Sexual Offenders Registration and Notification Act (“SORNA”), 42

Pa.C.S. §§ 9799.51-9799.75, obligations is Appellant’s plea in Maryland on

August 7, 2003, to what Maryland describes as a sexual offense in the third

degree. Appellant pled guilty to the subsection criminalizing “engag[ing] in

sexual contact with another if the victim is under the age of 14 years, and the

person performing the sexual contact is at least 4 years older than the

victim[.]” Md. Code Ann., Crim. Law § 3-307. The factual basis for his plea

was that Appellant inserted his fingers into a twelve-year old’s vagina.

Appellant received a sentence of time served and two years of supervised

probation. Turner/Finley Brief at 18.

      Appellant moved to Pennsylvania sometime in 2004, and the PSP

determined that Appellant’s Maryland conviction required him to register as a

sexual offender with the PSP for life. Appellant was arrested on February 11,

2020, for failing to register as required. On November 10, 2020, Appellant

entered a plea to one count of failing to comply with the registration

requirements imposed under Subchapter I of SORNA, pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.

§ 4915.2.    Specifically, Appellant was convicted of violating the following

provision:

      (a) Offense defined.--An individual who is subject to
      registration under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.55(a), (a.1) or (b) (relating
      to registration) or who was subject to registration under former
      42 Pa.C.S. § 9793 (relating to registration of certain offenders for
      ten years) commits an offense if the individual knowingly fails to:

                                      ***

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           (2) verify the individual’s residence or be photographed as
           required under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.60 (relating to verification
           of residence); ….

18 Pa.C.S. § 4915.2(a)(2).

       Section 9799.55(b) provided the basis for Appellant’s registration

obligations.    That subsection mandates lifetime reporting obligations for

individuals convicted in this Commonwealth of five offenses, including

aggravated indecent assault. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.55(b)(2)(i)(A). This lifetime

period of registration also applies to offenders who were convicted “of offenses

similar to the crimes cited in subparagraph (i) under the laws of … another

state[.]” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.55(b)(2)(ii). The parties have represented that

Appellant’s registration obligations were solely mandated by the PSP’s

determination that his Maryland offense was “similar to” aggravated indecent

assault.

       Appellant ultimately pled guilty to the failure to register offense as a

felony of the second degree.2 Appellant filed a post-sentence motion but did

not file a direct appeal. Within one year of his judgment of sentence becoming

final, Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition, which was ultimately denied on

January 19, 2022. As recounted in the Turner/Finley brief, the pro se PCRA

petition asserted, among other claims, that “the [PSP] erroneously classified

____________________________________________

2 The Commonwealth’s criminal information stated that Appellant was subject
to the enhancement codified at Section 4915.2(c)(3), which applies when the
defendant has previously been convicted of failing to register and increases
the grading to a felony of the first degree. See Criminal Information, 4/20/20,
at 1. The Commonwealth later amended the charge to a felony of the second
degree, presumably as part of the plea bargain.

                                           -3-
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Appellant’s Maryland conviction as a violent felony crime and therefore[]

incorrectly classified him as a lifetime sex offender registrant.” Turner/Finley

Brief at 6. According to Appellant, his Maryland offense was “similar to” one

of the Pennsylvania offenses that requires only a ten-year period of

registration. “In essence, the PCRA [p]etition argued that … Attorney Kristin

Rice provided ineffective assistance of counsel” in recommending that

Appellant accept the plea. Id.

       The PCRA court appointed Attorney Thomas Nell to represent Appellant.

On November 9, 2021, Attorney Nell and Appellant apparently agreed during

a video conference with the Commonwealth and the PCRA court that an

evidentiary hearing was unnecessary since the petition presented a pure

question of law, i.e., whether Appellant had to register for life in Pennsylvania

due to his Maryland conviction. Id. The PCRA court ordered both parties to

file a memorandum of law within 45 days.

       Confusingly, Attorney Nell then filed on December 10, 2021, a document

captioned “Memorandum of Law,” which purported to find no merit to

Appellant’s claims.3      Attorney Nell stated that, “[u]pon further research”

following the video conference, he is “not in agreement [with Appellant] …

that the 10[-]year registration requirement should have been implemented.”

Memorandum of Law, 12/10/21, at 1 ¶ 5.           Attorney Nell then referenced

____________________________________________

3The Commonwealth did not file a memorandum, presumably due to Attorney
Nell’s filing. The Commonwealth has also declined to file a brief in this matter,
relying on the PCRA court’s opinion and the Turner/Finley brief.

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Appellant’s own legal arguments, as set forth in a pro se memorandum of law

that Attorney Nell attached to this filing.   Attorney Nell explained why he

disagreed with Appellant’s arguments, but otherwise made no evaluation of

the claim. Attorney Nell then stated that he sent Appellant a “no merit” letter,

which was not docketed with the PCRA court. Instead, Attorney Nell attached

this document to his “Memorandum of Law,” as well as Appellant’s pro se

memorandum. Attorney Nell also informed Appellant that he would be filing

a motion to withdraw as counsel, while assuring Appellant that the PCRA court

would address the pro se memorandum of law.

      The PCRA court thereafter issued an order on January 19, 2022, denying

the PCRA petition. The order informed Appellant that Attorney Nell would file

an appeal if requested.   Attorney Nell then filed a petition to withdraw on

January 31, 2022, explaining that Appellant wished to raise allegations of

Attorney Nell’s ineffectiveness. The PCRA court thereafter granted the petition

to withdraw. Following Attorney Nell’s withdrawal, Appellant filed a timely pro

se notice of appeal on February 3, 2022. The PCRA court ordered Appellant

to file a concise statement of matters complained of on appeal. Appellant

responded, asserting, inter alia, that Attorney Nell “failed and refused to

address discreet [sic] issues upon seeking to withdraw[.]” Concise Statement,

3/15/22, at 1.

      Because Appellant’s notice of appeal raised claims of PCRA counsel

ineffectiveness,   pursuant     to   a     procedure    authorized    following

Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381 (Pa. 2021), this Court remanded

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for a determination of whether Appellant was entitled to appointed counsel to

raise those claims. The PCRA court thereafter appointed Attorney Entwistle,

who then filed a Turner/Finley brief.

      When presented with a brief pursuant to Turner/Finley, we first
      determine whether the brief meets the procedural requirements
      of Turner/Finley. See Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 931 A.2d
      717, 721 (Pa. Super. 2007). A Turner/Finley brief must: (1)
      detail the nature and extent of counsel’s review of the case; (2)
      list each issue the petitioner wishes to have reviewed; and (3)
      explain counsel’s reasoning for concluding that the petitioner’s
      issues are meritless. Commonwealth v. Pitts, 981 A.2d 875,
      876 n.1 (Pa. 2009). Counsel must also send a copy of the brief
      to the petitioner, along with a copy of the petition to withdraw,
      and inform the petitioner of the right to proceed pro se or to retain
      new counsel. Wrecks, 931 A.2d at 721. If the brief meets these
      requirements, we then conduct an independent review of the
      petitioner's issues. Commonwealth v. Muzzy, 141 A.3d 509,
      511 (Pa. Super. 2016).

Commonwealth v. Knecht, 219 A.3d 689, 691 (Pa. Super. 2019).

      The Turner/Finley brief complies with all procedural requirements.

The brief identifies the issues that Appellant wished to raise, including the

claims of ineffective assistance of initial PCRA counsel, and the brief

establishes that counsel thoroughly reviewed the relevant materials. Counsel

sent Appellant a copy of the brief and accompanying petition to withdraw, and

informed Appellant of his right to proceed pro se. Appellant has filed a pro se

brief, which we shall consider in conducting our independent review.          See

Commonwealth v. Walters, 135 A.3d 589 (Pa. Super. 2016) (indicating

that, when conducting review under Turner/Finley, this Court shall consider

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the brief filed by counsel as well as any pro se brief filed by the appellant).

Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

      1. Whether [the PCRA] court erred and abused its discretion in
      failing to consider the facts of this matter, that render its out-of-
      state equivalency determination, for sexual offender registration
      purposes, patently erroneous, as: (a) the required culpability
      element and the gravity of the offenses have been ignored, (b)
      Appellant’s Maryland plea agreement and sentence did not require
      sexual offender registration, (c) if Subchapter I required
      registration, the Act imposes only a ten[-]year registration
      period[] that has expired, [and] (d) an ex post facto violation
      exists if lifetime reporting is imposed for a foreign crime occurring
      in 2003, for which Appellant had no notice….

      2. Whether [the PCRA] court, in ruling on a PCRA [petition], erred
      and abused its discretion in accepting appointed PCRA counsel,
      Thomas Nell’s no-merit letter when Thomas Nell failed and refused
      to address discreet [sic] issues upon seeking to withdraw, such
      that: (a) Appellant was not required to register as a sex offender
      in Maryland upon his plea in 2003; and (b) the [PSP’s] equivalency
      determination was erroneous as a matter of law as being based
      on perceived conduct and forgetting [sic] culpability, and was
      achieved absent required notice, resulting in an invalid
      adjudication under Administrative Agency Law; and (c) the
      aggravated indecent assault crime, in Pennsylvania, is a “crime of
      violence,” and lacks the mens rea component proscribing conduct
      designed, either for normal sexual congress, or, to arouse or
      gratify sexual desire; and (d) utilizing Subchapter I to impose a
      lifetime reporting requirement, to a foreign crime that lacked any
      element of “violence” results in an ex post facto violation. All of
      which render Thomas Nell’s representation to have been
      constitutionally ineffective.

Pro se Brief at 4-5.

      “Our review of a PCRA court’s decision is limited to examining whether

the PCRA court’s findings of fact are supported by the record, and whether its

conclusions of law are free from legal error.” Commonwealth v. Hanible,

30 A.3d 426, 438 (Pa. 2011).

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      Appellant’s brief asks us to address Attorney Nell’s ineffectiveness as

well as the underlying claims of trial counsel ineffectiveness that he wished to

pursue. Attorney Entwistle’s Turner/Finley brief begins by concluding that

any allegation of PCRA counsel ineffectiveness is waived.           According to

Attorney Entwistle, “Appellant’s claim that [Attorney Nell] was ineffective is

not properly before this Honorable Court. Appellant’s PCRA Petition on appeal

cites ineffective assistance of trial counsel, Kristin Rice, Esquire, only. Claims

of Attorney Nell’s ineffectiveness would be properly raised in a separate PCRA

[a]ction.” Turner/Finley Brief at 11 (emphasis in original).

      We disagree.    As cited in our remand order, Bradley authorizes the

presentation of PCRA counsel ineffectiveness claims.        Appellant raised his

PCRA counsel ineffectiveness claims at the first opportunity to do so. See

Commonwealth v. Parrish, 273 A.3d 989, 1002 (Pa. 2022) (applying

Bradley and concluding that a layered claim of ineffective assistance of trial

and initial PCRA counsel was preserved by “raising it at the first opportunity

to do so, specifically in his Corrected 1925(b) Statement and in his brief filed

with this Court in this appeal”). Appellant similarly raised his ineffectiveness

claims at the first opportunity to do so and has briefed those arguments in his

pro se brief.   Attorney Nell’s stewardship is therefore properly before this

Court.

      Moreover, we conclude that Appellant has established Attorney Nell was

ineffective and remand for further proceedings.        According to established

precedent, Attorney Nell’s ineffective representation deprived Appellant of his

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right to counsel during his first PCRA proceeding.        We therefore decline to

address the underlying claims of ineffective assistance of plea counsel.4

       Initially, we observe that Attorney Nell created significant confusion by

purporting to file a “no merit” letter while simultaneously incorporating

Appellant’s pro se memorandum of law.                As this Court explained in

Commonwealth v. Johnson, 179 A.3d 1153, 1157 (Pa. Super. 2018), “[i]t

is incumbent upon counsel to examine the merits of the pro se claims and

determine whether those issues are worth pursuing in an amended petition.”

Pro se claims cannot be incorporated by reference and are waived if an

amended petition is filed.            Id.      Here, Attorney Nell attempted to

simultaneously file a “no merit” letter while also offering Appellant’s own brief

as a separate matter for the PCRA court to decide. This created confusion as

to whether the PCRA court granted the “no merit letter”—presumably not,

since the order informed Appellant that Attorney Nell would continue to

represent Appellant—or whether it addressed Appellant’s “amended” petition

on the merits.

____________________________________________

4While we decline to address the merits, we note that Attorney Nell, the PCRA
court, and Attorney Entwistle addressed the comparability of the crimes based
on the facts and not the comparative elements. In general, the facts of a
crime may be consulted in only limited circumstances and only for limited
purposes. See generally A.L. v. Pennsylvania State Police, 274 A.3d
1228 (Pa. 2022) (examining the statutory language “similar to” as contained
within Subchapter H of SORNA); Commonwealth v. Vandyke, 157 A.3d
535, 538 (Pa. Super. 2017) (comparing elements of New York statute to
Pennsylvania statute where Pennsylvania recidivist provision required that the
out-of-state offenses be “similar” to Pennsylvania statute).

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      The problem with the PCRA court’s order is that, in either case, it is

legally erroneous. If the PCRA court ruled on the “no merit” letter, that ruling

cannot stand because Attorney Nell failed to follow the proper procedure. If

the PCRA court intended to rule on the merits of the “amended” petition, that

too is error: Attorney Nell did not amend the petition and instead chose to

present Appellant’s pro se materials in lieu of his own argument. Either way,

the order must be vacated.

      Attorney Nell initially believed that Appellant had presented a viable

issue worthy of an amended petition, as corroborated by the video conference

and decision to file a memorandum of law on a question of law. According to

the certified record, Attorney Nell later came to believe that Appellant’s claim

lacked merit. But the proper course at that juncture was to file a “no merit”

letter. As this Court explained in Commonwealth v. Kelsey, 206 A.3d 1135

(Pa. Super. 2019):

      If PCRA counsel seeks to withdraw on the ground that the issues
      raised by the PCRA petitioner are without merit, he must satisfy
      the following requirements: he must file a sufficient no-merit
      letter, send the PCRA petitioner copies of the application to
      withdraw and no-merit letter, and advise the PCRA petitioner of
      his right to proceed pro se or with a privately retained attorney.
      The no-merit letter must set forth: 1) the nature and extent of
      counsel’s review of the case; 2) each issue that the petitioner
      wishes to raise on appeal; and 3) counsel’s explanation of why
      each of those issues is meritless. Where PCRA counsel’s no-merit
      letter does not discuss all of the issues that the convicted
      defendant has raised in a first PCRA petition and explain why they
      lack merit, it does not satisfy these mandatory requirements and
      dismissal of the PCRA petition without requiring counsel to file an
      amended PCRA petition or a further, adequate no-merit letter is a
      deprivation of the right to counsel on the PCRA petition.

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Id. at 1139 (citations omitted).

       The fact that the PCRA court addressed the merits of the claim that

Attorney Nell initially concluded was worthy of an amended petition is of no

moment. As Kelsey explained:

       We recognize that the PCRA court conducted an independent
       review of the claims that it believed were asserted in the PCRA
       petition and that its review went beyond PCRA counsel’s
       inadequate no-merit letter. The error here, however, is the denial
       of the assistance of counsel, not the sufficiency of the PCRA court’s
       opinion or whether [the a]ppellant’s claims in his PCRA petition
       are meritorious. Even where a pro se first PCRA petition appears
       on its face to be meritless, the defendant is entitled to
       representation by counsel before that determination is made.

Id. at 1140 (citations omitted).

       Moreover, Appellant has consistently maintained that he wished to call

Attorney Rice to testify concerning her advice to enter a guilty plea in lieu of

presenting a challenge to the PSP’s classification.5      We acknowledge that
____________________________________________

5 In his pro se petition, Appellant argued that “issues of fact exist as to
counsel’s conduct … that will require an evidentiary hearing to resolve, and
[Appellant] seeks to examine Kristin Rice, Esq., of the Adams County Public
Defender’s Office[.]” Pro se PCRA Petition, 8/9/21, at 16 ¶ 43. When Attorney
Nell sought to withdraw by the January 31, 2022 filing, Attorney Nell informed
the PCRA court that Appellant “sent a [m]otion to the undersigned indicating
multiple issues of ineffectiveness by his PCRA counsel,” which was attached
as an exhibit. Within that attached exhibit, Appellant wrote: “Unbeknownst
to Petitioner, [Attorney] Nell came to the erroneous conclusion that [Attorney]
Rice’s conduct should not be challenged, and stipulated with the prosecution
that resolution of the PCRA was a ‘legal issue’ and eschewed developing a
record of [A]ttorney Rice’s challenged conduct.”         Exhibit to Motion to
Withdraw, 1/31/22, at 4 ¶ 3.

Attorney Entwistle’s Turner/Finley brief asserts that “Appellant agreed no
evidentiary hearing was necessary and the PCRA claim could proceed on the
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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Appellant has merely contested the facts as set forth by Attorney Nell, and we

do not suggest that Attorney Nell’s representations regarding Appellant’s

decision to focus on the legal issue are not credible. Moreover, the PCRA court

would have been present for the video conference. To the extent that the

PCRA court implicitly discredited Appellant’s assertions, we find it impossible

to separate Attorney Nell’s later “no merit” letter from any concession to

forego an evidentiary hearing. A concession that no evidentiary hearing was

needed represents a conclusion that an amended petition was forthcoming.

Attorney Nell was, of course, entitled to decide upon further research and

review that Appellant’s PCRA petition lacked merit. But, as we have explained,

the proper course at that juncture was to file a “no merit” letter consistent

with the procedure stated in Kelsey, supra.

       Finally, Kelsey establishes our mandate:

       Because [the a]ppellant did not waive his right to representation
       by counsel and PCRA counsel neither represented [the a]ppellant
       on the merits of the PCRA petition nor filed a sufficient no-merit
       letter that addressed all of [the a]ppellant’s claims, the PCRA
       court’s dismissal of [the a]ppellant’s PCRA petition must be
       vacated[,] and remand to the PCRA court for appointment of new
       PCRA counsel is required. On remand, [the a]ppellant’s new
       counsel shall be permitted to file an amended PCRA petition or, if
       counsel concludes in the exercise of his or her professional
       judgment that the issues raised in the PCRA proceeding are
       without merit, counsel may file an adequate no-merit letter that

____________________________________________

submission of legal memorandum only,” and concludes that any claim
regarding the failure to hold an evidentiary hearing was waived.
Turner/Finley Brief at 13. This waiver conclusion flows from the mistaken
belief that Appellant failed to preserve any issue relating to Attorney Nell’s
ineffectiveness.

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       addresses all of the issues raised in [the a]ppellant’s PCRA petition
       and move to withdraw.

Kelsey, 206 A.3d at 1140 (internal citations omitted).

       Order vacated.      Petition to withdraw granted.6   Case remanded with

instructions to appoint new PCRA counsel. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/21/2023

____________________________________________

6We grant the petition to withdraw in light of our determination that new
PCRA counsel must be appointed on remand.

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