Court Opinion

ID: 8661362
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-24 21:45:49.815011+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:56:55.658178
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM *
This is the third appeal Kenneth Lyle Spangle has filed in connection with his *694bench trial conviction for mailing threatening communications, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 876(c), and the 72-month sentence imposed. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
Spangle contends that the district court erred in finding that his waiver of a jury trial was voluntarily, intelligently and knowingly made. We have reviewed the record and conclude that the district court’s colloquy was sufficient to support the finding. See United States v. Christensen, 18 F.3d 822, 826 (9th Cir.1994).
Spangle also challenges the six-level enhancement for evidence of intent to carry out the threat. He did not object at the sentencing hearing to the district court’s use of the preponderance of the evidence standard to make the factual findings that supported his enhancement. Considering the totality of the circumstances, including the consideration that the resulting sentence was one that was less than double the initial Guidelines range, the enhancement did not have “an extremely disproportionate effect” on the sentence, and there was no error. See United States v. Pike, 473 F.3d 1053, 1058-59 (9th Cir.2007). Further, there was no ineffective assistance of counsel in not arguing for the higher standard. See United States v. Anderson, 850 F.2d 563, 565 (9th Cir.1988).
Spangle argues the evidence did not support the finding that Spangle had sufficient intent to carry out his threats and so did not justify the six-level enhancement pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2A6.1(b)(l). Section 2A6.1(b)(l) provides for a six-level enhancement if “the offense involved any conduct evidencing an intent to carry out” the threat for which he was convicted. It is a factual determination, however, whether Spangle’s conduct evidenced his intent to carry out his threats. See United States v. Hines, 26 F.3d 1469, 1473 (9th Cir.1994). In light of the lists found in Spangle’s cell and the letters to the probation officer targeted in the list, the district court’s finding was not clearly erroneous. See id.
Spangle’s contention that the court could not sentence above the Guidelines range is premised on a misreading of United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). Because Spangle threatened a federal probation officer, the maximum sentence under 18 U.S.C. § 876(c) was ten years, and he received only six.
AFFIRMED.

 This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.