Court Opinion

ID: 9940403
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-02-14 15:06:11.391101+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:44:50.272164
License: Public Domain

Cite as 2024 Ark. App. 100
                   ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                       DIVISION II
                                       No. CR-23-445

DERRICK NIXON                                Opinion Delivered February 14, 2024

                                             APPEAL FROM THE DESHA
                            APPELLANT        COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
                                             [NO. 21ACR-22-9]
V.
                                             HONORABLE ROBERT B. GIBSON
                                             III, JUDGE
STATE OF ARKANSAS
                               APPELLEE      AFFIRMED

                        STEPHANIE POTTER BARRETT, Judge

       Derrick Nixon was charged by criminal information with murder in the first degree,

battery in the first degree, and possession of a firearm by certain persons in the shooting

death of Jason Jenkins and the shooting injury of Robert Washington. He was convicted by

a Desha County Circuit Court jury of second-degree murder, first-degree battery, and

possession of a firearm by certain persons and sentenced as a habitual offender with more

than four felony convictions to two thirty-six years’ imprisonment terms each for the second-

degree murder and first-degree battery convictions and forty years for the possession-of-a-

firearm-by-certain-persons conviction, with the sentences ordered to be served concurrently.

On appeal, Nixon argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motions for directed
verdict for the second-degree murder and first-degree battery convictions.1 Specifically,

Nixon contends that the State failed to elicit sufficient evidence to negate his claim that he

was justified in using deadly physical force. Because Nixon’s argument is not preserved for

appellate review, we affirm.

       Nixon and Kenise Bryant were dating each other. Bryant and Washington were

previously in a relationship, and they have seven children together. On January 13, 2022,

Washington and Jenkins went to Bryant’s house around 10:30 p.m. because Washington

and Bryant needed to discuss an issue regarding their daughter. Washington knocked on

the door, but there was no answer; as he was returning to his vehicle, Bryant answered the

door and came outside. Washington returned to the sidewalk in front of Bryant’s house,

and the two began to argue. Nixon came out of the house at that time and stood beside

Bryant; before he went outside, he retrieved Bryant’s .22-caliber Ruger pistol out of her purse.

Some of Bryant’s and Washington’s children followed Nixon outside. As the arguing

continued, Jenkins got out of Washington’s vehicle, walked over to stand beside

Washington, and asked what was happening.             Shortly after Nixon came outside, as

Washington was attempting to make his children go back inside, Washington heard shots

and turned to see Nixon shooting at Jenkins, who was running away. Nixon then pointed

the gun at Washington and fired at him. Jenkins was hit by the gunfire and later died of his

injuries; Washington was hit in his left hip by a bullet.

       1
       Nixon made no argument below or on appeal regarding the sufficiency of the
evidence to support his conviction for possession of a firearm by certain persons.

                                               2
       At trial, Nixon testified that he thought Jenkins, a man he had never met, had a gun.

However, Bryant testified that she never saw either Washington or Jenkins with a gun that

night; although she claimed Jenkins got out of the vehicle with his hands behind his back,

Bryant admitted she never heard Jenkins threaten anyone. Nixon recounted that he had an

altercation with Washington on New Year’s Eve, and he claimed that Washington had

followed him around town, trying to intimidate him. Nixon testified that Jenkins got out of

Washington’s vehicle wearing a ski mask; however, no ski mask was found at the scene, only

a beanie that Washinton testified Jenkins had been wearing. No gun other than the one

used by Nixon was found at the scene. Although he admitted he shot both Jenkins and

Washington, Nixon testified that he had no intention to hurt anyone that night but that he

felt it was necessary to defend himself. On cross-examination, Nixon agreed with the

prosecutor’s statement that walking outside with a loaded gun and killing a man that he had

never met simply because he had his hands behind his back was reasonable. Nixon admitted

that he never called the police to help with the situation.

       A motion for directed verdict is a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. Benton

v. State, 2020 Ark. App. 223, 599 S.W.3d 353. In reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of

the evidence, our standard of review is whether the jury’s verdict is supported by substantial

evidence; evidence, whether direct or circumstantial, is sufficient to support a conviction if

it compels a conclusion and passes beyond speculation or conjecture. Smith v. State, 2022

Ark. App. 422, 654 S.W.3d 701. In making such a determination, we view the evidence in

the light most favorable to the State, considering only the evidence that supports the guilty

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verdict. Id. Witness credibility is for the jury alone to determine; the jury may believe all or

part of any witness’s testimony and may resolve inconsistencies of conflicts in the evidence.

Wray v. State, 2023 Ark. App. 465, 678 S.W.3d 431.

       A person commits second-degree murder if he or she “knowingly causes the death of

another person under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human

life.” Ark. Code Ann. § 5-10-103(a)(1) (Repl. 2013). A person commits first-degree battery

if, “with the purpose of causing serious physical injury to another person, the person causes

serious physical injury to any person by means of a deadly weapon.” Ark. Code Ann. § 5-

13-201(a)(1) (Supp. 2023).

       Nixon’s arguments on appeal concern whether the State negated his justification

defense for shooting Jenkins and Washington. On appellate review, we must determine

whether there was substantial evidence to support a finding of justification; justification is

considered to be an element of the offense, and once raised, it must be disproved by the

prosecution beyond a reasonable doubt. Rouse v. State, 2023 Ark. App. 558. A person is

justified in using deadly physical force upon another person if the person reasonably believes

that the other person is committing or about to commit a felony involving force or violence

or is using or is about to use unlawful deadly physical force. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-2-607(a)

(Supp. 2023). A person may not use deadly physical force in self-defense if the person knows

that he or she can avoid the necessity of using deadly physical force by retreating, but he or

she is not required to retreat if unable to retreat with complete safety. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-

2-607(b)(1).

                                               4
       We hold that Nixon’s justification argument is not preserved for our review because

he failed to identify any specific element of justification in his directed-verdict motions that

the State had failed to disprove. A motion for directed verdict shall state the specific grounds

therefor. Ark. R. Crim. P. 33.1. In his initial directed-verdict motion regarding the murder

charge, Nixon’s counsel stated, “Another argument I would make on that, Your Honor, is

the fact that the evidence shows that this incident occurred at his dwelling as defined in

Arkansas Statute; that he did not go looking for Mr. Jenkins for the purpose of causing any

kind of injury, rather, Mr. Jenkins came to him.” As to first-degree battery, Nixon’s counsel

stated, “He was at his dwelling. They came to him and he was not looking for trouble.”

After the State presented rebuttal evidence, Nixon’s counsel renewed his motions “on the

grounds that the State has failed to make a prima facie case that my client acted with purpose.

All the reasons I’ve already stated.” None of these arguments address the elements of

justification. In Rouse, supra, this court held that stating Rouse was “in fear for his life” and

that he shot his victim “for the purpose of neutralizing a threat that he might oppose but not

for the purpose of killing him” in his directed-verdict motion was insufficient to preserve

Rouse’s justification argument for appeal. Here, as in Rouse, Nixon failed to specify in his

directed-verdict motions what elements of justification the State failed to prove; therefore,

his arguments are not preserved for our review.

       Affirmed.

       KLAPPENBACH and MURPHY, JJ., agree.

       Potts Law Office, by: Gary W. Potts, for appellant.

                                               5
Tim Griffin, Att’y Gen., by: Jason Michael Johnson, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.

                                        6