Court Opinion

ID: 3215749
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-06-22 13:58:40.328718+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:04:16.130928
License: Public Domain

Affirmed; Opinion Filed June 21, 2016.

                                             In The
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      No. 05-13-00296-CV

                      CJY INVESTMENT, L.L.C., ET AL, Appellants
                                       V.
                      UNITED CENTRAL BANK, ET AL, Appellees

                      On Appeal from the 116th Judicial District Court
                                   Dallas County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. DC-11-04102

                            MEMORANDUM OPINION
                          Before Justices Lang, Brown, and Whitehill
                                   Opinion by Justice Lang
       Appellants, CJY Investment, L.L.C., Young Hee Chung, and Chun W. Chung, sued

appellees, James D. Yoo, Ki Na, Chong Na, Chan Chan Investment, L.L.P., Na Family

Corporation, and United Central Bank for fraud, fraud in the inducement, fraud by

nondisclosure, bank fraud, and conspiracy. The trial court granted summary judgment for

appellees.

       Appellants raise four issues on appeal: (1) The trial court erred in granting appellees’ no-

evidence and traditional motions for summary judgment in light of their failure to respond

properly to discovery or produce any documents in response to plaintiff’s discovery requests; (2)

the trial court erred in denying plaintiff’s motion for continuance of the summary judgment

hearing in light of the need for discovery to adequately respond to summary judgment motions;
(3) the trial court erred in granting Yoo’s no evidence motion for summary judgment because

adequate time for discovery had not occurred because of the conduct of the Na defendants 1; and

(4) the trial court erred in granting Yoo’s motion for traditional summary judgment because

genuine issues of fact existed on the issue of the running of the statute of limitations and on the

issue of Yoo’s liability as a conspirator. All issues are decided against appellants. We affirm the

judgment of the trial court.

                                               I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL CONTEXT

            In 2006, Chan Chan Investment, L.L.P (“CCI”) “owned” a business known as “Beverage

Palace.” Ki Na and Chong Na were the “owners” of CCI. At some point during 2006, Ki Na

“began to search for a buyer” of Beverage Palace and the real property where it was located.

CCI’s asking price for the business and real property was $4,800,000.

            According to appellants, Ki Na’s real estate broker “introduced him to Chung,”2 who was

“looking to invest in a business.” They allege that Ki Na provided “Chung” with the financial

statements of Beverage Palace and a copy of the contract under which CCI purchased “Beverage

Palace.”3 According to appellants, Na represented to “Chung” that the market price of the real

property where Beverage Palace was located was $3,500,000.

             In February 2006, “Chung” formed CJY Investment, L.L.C (“CJY”). At that time, CJY

executed a contract with CCI4 for the purchase of Beverage Palace and the real property.

Appellants’ allege Ki Na’s real estate broker “introduced Chung” to United Central Bank

     1
         Appellants identify the “Na defendants” as Ki Na, Chong Na, Chan Chan Investment, L.L.P., and Na Family Corporation.
     2
         The record does not reflect whether the person identified as “Chung” is Young Hee Chung, or Chun W. Chung, both of whom are parties
to this lawsuit.
     3
       The record does not reflect whether these documents contained information pertaining to the business, Beverage Palace, the property
where Beverage Palace was located, or both.
     4
        The record does not reflect exactly when this contract was executed. The parties contend it was executed in February 2006, and it states
“The execution of this contract by the first party constitutes an offer to buy or sell the Property. Unless the other party accepts the offer by 5:00
p.m., in the time zone in which the Property is located, on February 11, 2006 the offer will lapse and become null and void.”

                                                                       –2–
(“UCB”) so that “Chung” could obtain financing. At that time, James D. Yoo was Chairman of

UCB’s Board of Directors.

       UCB did make two loans to CJY in July 2006 to affect the purchase: one in the amount of

$2,000,000, and the other in the amount of $1,500,000. The United States Small Business

Administration guaranteed the $2,000,000 loan pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 636 (2015). Both loans

were secured by a first lien deed of trust on the real property and a lien on all the assets of

Beverage Palace. Additionally, UCB required Chun W. Chung to individually guaranty both

loans. Appellants allege that in addition to the $3,500,000 provided by UCB, “Chung paid $1.2

Million . . . for the closing.” “The transaction” closed in July 2006.

       In September 2010, the North Texas Water District sought to purchase an “easement for

water pipes” on the real property where Beverage Palace was located. According to appellants,

“CJY requested the value of the property as the purchase price” of the easement. The North

Texas Water District obtained an appraisal of the property, which appellants allege reflected “the

market price of the property” to be less than half the property value “represented by Na.”

       On April 1, 2011, Appellants sued appellees for fraud, fraud in the inducement, fraud by

nondisclosure, bank fraud, and “conspiracy,” alleging appellees agreed to do “any or all of the

acts” that constituted fraud, fraud in the inducement, fraud by nondisclosure, and bank fraud.

Appellees filed a general denial answer. On July 30, 2012, the parties filed an agreed motion for

continuance and extension of discovery deadlines. That motion stated that the case was set for

trial the week of August 20, 2012, and that:

       [t]he parties have agreed to attempt to settle this cause of action before additional
       time and resources are expended to proceed with the litigation. Because some of
       the parties are organizations that require approvals on terms of settlement by
       company hierarchy, the parties have agreed to continue the trial setting of this
       cause to allow adequate time for settlement negotiations and to proceed with
       discovery should settlement not be reached.

                                                –3–
Appellants allege that settlement negotiations “fell through” because UCB refused to agree to

terms “after several months.” The case was set for trial on January 7, 2013.

           On October 19, 2012, the Na defendants filed a traditional and no-evidence motion for

summary judgment. On November 8, 2012, UCB filed a no-evidence motion for summary

judgment. On November 9, 2012, Yoo filed a traditional and no-evidence motion for summary

judgement. Appellants responded to all three summary judgment motions. Then, appellees

requested the trial court set the summary judgment motions for a hearing. The trial court set the

hearing for January 7, 2013, the date of the original trial setting. Pursuant to Texas Rule of Civil

Procedure 190.3(b)(1)(B)(i),5 the discovery period ended on December 7, 2012, thirty days prior

to the January 7, 2013 trial setting.

           On December 21, 2012, appellants filed a motion for continuance of the summary

judgment hearing that stated, in pertinent part:

                  Plaintiffs ask the court to grant a continuance so they can collect and
           review the depositions so as to properly respond to the aforementioned motions
           for summary judgment. . . .
                  Plaintiffs cannot present by affidavits facts essential to respond to the
           motions and need additional time to secure depositions. As provided in Texas
           Rule of Civil Procedure 166a(g), the court should either grant Plaintiff additional
           time to respond to the motion for summary judgment or deny the motion for
           summary judgment.

Appellees opposed the motion for continuance. The trial court heard appellants’ motion for

continuance and the summary judgment motions at one hearing on January 7, 2013, denied the

           5
               That rule states, in pertinent part:

(b) Limitations. Discovery is subject to the limitations provided elsewhere in these rules and to the following additional limitations:
            (1) Discovery Period. All discovery must be conducted during the discovery period, which begins when suit is filed and continues
            until:
                          ...
                 (B) in other cases, the earlier of
                   (i) 30 days before the date set for trial, or
                   (ii) nine months after the earlier of the date of the first oral deposition or the due date of the first response to written discovery.

                                                                          –4–
motion for continuance, and granted summary judgment for all appellees. Appellants timely

appealed.

                                      II. STANDARDS OF REVIEW

       “We review a trial court’s grant of summary judgment de novo.” Mid-Century Ins. Co. v.

Ademaj, 243 S.W.3d 618, 621 (Tex. 2007). In reviewing a traditional summary judgment in

favor of a defendant, “we determine whether the defendant conclusively disproved an element of

the plaintiff’s claim or conclusively proved every element of an affirmative defense.” Smith v.

Deneve, 285 S.W.3d 904, 909 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.). A matter is conclusively

proved if “ordinary minds could not differ as to the conclusion to be drawn from the evidence.”

Estate of Hendler, 316 S.W.3d 703, 707 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.).

       In reviewing a no-evidence summary judgment in favor of a defendant, we apply the

same legal sufficiency standard used to review a directed verdict. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166(a)(i);

Gen. Mills Rests., Inc. v. Tex. Wings, Inc., 12 S.W.3d 827, 832–33 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2000, no

pet.). We must determine whether the nonmovant produced more than a scintilla of probative

evidence to raise a fact issue on the material questions presented. Bever Props., L.L.C. v. Jerry

Huffman Custom Builder, L.L.C., 355 S.W.3d 878, 885 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.). More

than a scintilla of evidence exists if the evidence would allow “reasonable and fair-minded

people to differ in their conclusions.” Ford Motor Co. v. Ridgway, 135 S.W.3d 598, 601 (Tex.

2004). “Evidence that is so slight as to make any inference a guess is in legal effect no

evidence.” Id. In reviewing both a traditional and a no-evidence summary judgment, “we take

evidence favorable to the nonmovant as true, and indulge every reasonable inference and resolve

every doubt in favor of the nonmovant.” Smith, 285 S.W.3d at 909.

       The decision to deny a motion for continuance is reviewed for “a clear abuse of

discretion.” Joe v. Two Thirty Nine Joint Venture, 145 S.W.3d 150, 161 (Tex. 2004).

                                              –5–
Additionally, this Court reviews the trial court’s determination that there has been an adequate

time for discovery for an abuse of discretion. Specialty Retailers, Inc. v. Fuqua, 29 S.W.3d 140,

145 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. denied). “A trial court abuses its discretion

when it reaches a decision so arbitrary and unreasonable as to amount to a clear and prejudicial

error of law.” Joe, 145 S.W.3d at 161.

                                   III. MOTION FOR CONTINUANCE

       Appellants’ second issue asserts, “the trial court erred denying plaintiff’s motion for

continuance of the summary judgment hearing in light of the need for discovery to adequately

respond to summary judgment motions.” Appellants’ third issue argues, “the trial court erred in

granting Yoo’s no evidence motion for summary judgment because adequate time for discovery

had not occurred because of the conduct of the Na defendants.” We address these issues together

as they both address appellants’ claims of need for discovery and inadequate time to conduct

discovery as grounds for a continuance.

                                         A. Applicable Law

       A party may move for no-evidence summary judgment “after adequate time for

discovery.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i). This rule does not require that discovery has been completed.

Specialty Retailers, Inc. v. Fuqua, 29 S.W.3d 140, 145 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2000,

pet. denied). “An adequate time for discovery is determined by the nature of the cause of action,

the nature of the evidence necessary to controvert the no-evidence motion, and the length of time

the case had been active in the trial court.” Id. Additionally, appellate courts consider “the

following nonexclusive factors when deciding whether a trial court abused its discretion in

denying a motion for continuance seeking additional time to conduct discovery: the length of

time the case has been on file, the materiality and purpose of the discovery sought, and whether

the party seeking the continuance has exercised due diligence to obtain the discovery sought.”

                                               –6–
Joe v. Two Thirty Nine Joint Venture, 145 S.W.3d 150, 161 (Tex. 2004). See BMC Software

Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 800 (Tex. 2002) (Denying motion for continuance

of special appearance hearing and concluding seven months was “ample time” for discovery);

see also Piazza v. Cinemark, USA, Inc., 179 S.W.3d 213, 216 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2005, pet.

denied) (affirming summary judgment for defendant and concluding eighteen months was “more

than ample time to conduct discovery”); see also McClure v. Attebury, 20 S.W.3d 722, 730 (Tex.

App.—Amarillo 1999, no pet.) (affirming no-evidence summary judgment for defendant where

plaintiff had seven months for discovery and did not attempt to initiate discovery during that

time); see also Draper v. Garcia, 793 S.W.2d 296, 301–02 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]

1990, no pet.) (affirming summary judgment for defendant because petition had been on file for

more than a year and this was “ample time” for discovery).

                                  B. Application of Law to the Facts

       Appellants filed suit on April 1, 2011. After approximately nineteen months, on October

26, 2012, the Na defendants filed the first motion for summary judgment. Then, on December

21, 2012, Appellants filed their motion for continuance. That motion states only the following:

       Plaintiffs expect that depositions and further discovery will bring forth additional
       evidence to support their claims against defendants. Specifically, Plaintiffs expect
       to bring forth evidence on the conspiracy between the defendants regarding the
       property in questions. Plaintiffs expect to elicit evidence of agreements between
       Defendants to help the Nas to sell the property in question so that the Nas could
       then take additional loans from United Central Bank to finance a different
       property. Furthermore, Plaintiffs expect to uncover more evidence regarding the
       buyback agreement there within and the fraudulent nature of that agreement.
       Specifically, entering into the agreement and depleting the corporate entity that
       was to buy back the business.

       A party claiming a continuance is necessary in order to conduct discovery must establish

“the materiality and purpose of the discovery sought.” See Joe, 145 S.W.3d at 161. In their

motion for continuance, appellants did not identify with particularity the evidence they sought.

                                               –7–
They made only vague assertions that they expect discovery will “bring forth additional evidence

to support their claims against defendants.”

        Further, the record reflects, over the approximately nineteen months between when suit

was filed and the summary judgment motions were filed, appellants did not take any depositions

of the defendants. Nor, did they take any depositions after the summary judgment motions were

filed and before the motion for summary judgment hearing took place, a period of approximately

three months. On this record, we conclude appellants have not demonstrated: (1) there has been

inadequate time to conduct discovery; (2) their need for discovery; (3) that they “exercised due

diligence to obtain the discovery sought”; or (4) that the trial court abused its discretion in

denying the motion for continuance. Id. Appellants’ second and third issues are decided against

them.

                          IV. SUMMARY JUDGMENT FOR THE NA DEFENDANTS

        Appellants’ first issue posits, “the trial court erred in granting [the Na Defendants’] no-

evidence and traditional motion [sic] for summary judgment in light of [the Na Defendants’]

failure to respond properly to discovery or produce any documents in response to plaintiff’s

discovery requests.” Appellants elaborate arguing they “could not adequately respond” to the Na

Defendants’ summary judgment motion because of “deliberate and intentional conduct in

refusing to properly respond to discovery or produce any documents.” However, appellants do

not identify any particular requests for discovery to which the Na Defendants did not respond,

and the record before us does not contain any requests for discovery served by appellants on the

Na Defendants. The appellants bear the burden “to bring forward the record of the summary

judgment evidence” to provide an appellate court with “a basis to review [their] claim of harmful

error.” DeSantis v. Wackenhut Corp., 793 S.W.2d 670, 689 (Tex. 1990). If pertinent summary

judgment evidence considered by the trial court is not included in the appellate record, “an

                                               –8–
appellate court must presume that the omitted evidence supports the trial court’s judgment.” Id.

On this record, we cannot say the trial court erred. Appellants’ first issue is decided against them.

                            IV. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS AND CONSPIRACY

       Appellants’ fourth issue asserts the trial court erred in granting Yoo’s motion for

traditional summary judgment because a “genuine issue of fact exists on the issue of the running

of the Statute of Limitations and because a genuine issue of fact exists on Yoo’s liability as a

conspirator.” The record reflects that in the trial court, appellees contended pursuant to

applicable statutes of limitations, appellants’ conspiracy claim “expired” in 2008 and appellants’

fraud claims “expired” in 2010. However, appellants asserted the statutes of limitations have not

barred their claims because appellants “had no reason to know of the nature of the injury until

May of 2011.”

       In their brief filed in this Court, appellants contend they “produced numerous documents

through their response to Yoo’s summary judgment motions giving rise to an inference that the

Defendants fraudulently concealed their wrongful conduct.” They argue further, “a genuine issue

of fact existed on Yoo’s affirmative defense of the running of the Statute of Limitations.”

However, appellants do not describe the documents they say they “produced” in their response to

Yoo’s motion for summary judgment. Nor, have appellants explained how any such vaguely

referenced documents create a fact issue as to whether the statutes of limitations barred their

claims. As described above, the appellants bear the burden “to bring forward the record of the

summary judgment evidence” to provide an appellate court with “a basis to review [their] claim

of harmful error.” DeSantis v. Wackenhut Corp., 793 S.W.2d 670, 689 (Tex. 1990). If pertinent

summary judgment evidence considered by the trial court is not included in the appellate record,

“an appellate court must presume that the omitted evidence supports the trial court’s judgment.”

                                                –9–
Id. Appellants have not specified how any of their summary judgment evidence creates a fact

issue.

         As to the second part of appellants’ issue pertaining to their civil conspiracy claim,

appellants assert:

         A defendant’s liability for conspiracy depends on participation in some
         underlying tort for which the plaintiff seeks to hold at least one of the named
         defendants liable. Even if the Trial Court finds that Yoo made no representations
         and no conduct of Yoo directly caused the damages of Appellants, if any of the
         Na Defendants are found to be liable, the conspiracy claim can be asserted against
         Yoo since the Na Defendants are also defendants in the cause. As such, the court
         erred in granting Yoo’s Traditional Summary Judgment.

This argument fails to identify any document or other evidence appellants produced in response

to Yoo’s motion for summary judgment that shows a fact issue was raised as to whether any

defendant made a misrepresentation. As with appellants’ earlier arguments, appellants have not

identified their summary judgment evidence or how such vaguely referenced evidence creates a

fact issue. See id.

         We decide this issue against appellants.

                                              V. CONCLUSION

         The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

                                                        /Douglas S. Lang/
                                                        DOUGLAS S. LANG
                                                        JUSTICE

130296F.P05

                                                –10–
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      JUDGMENT

CJY INVESTMENT, L.L.C., ET AL,                         On Appeal from the 116th Judicial District
Appellants                                             Court, Dallas County, Texas
                                                       Trial Court Cause No. DC-11-04102.
No. 05-13-00296-CV         V.                          Opinion delivered by Justice Lang. Justices
                                                       Brown and Whitehill participating.
UNITED CENTRAL BANK, ET AL,
Appellees

       In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is

AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that appellees UNITED CENTRAL BANK, ET AL recover their costs

of this appeal from appellants CJY INVESTMENT, L.L.C., ET AL.

Judgment entered this 21st day of June, 2016.

                                                –11–