Court Opinion

ID: 9916534
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-01-10 01:09:25.275962+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:25:33.507805
License: Public Domain

Simpson v Success Academy Charter Schs., Inc.
               2023 NY Slip Op 34552(U)
                   December 21, 2023
             Supreme Court, Kings County
        Docket Number: Index No. 514131/2018
                Judge: Delores J. Thomas
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                       publication.
  FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 12/29/2023 02:22 PM                                                               INDEX NO. 514131/2018
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 959                                                                               RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/29/2023

                                                                                  At an IAS Term, Part 11 of the Supreme
                                                                                  Court of the State of New York, held in and
                                                                                  for the County of Kings, at the Courthouse, at
                                                                                  360 Adams Street, Brooklyn, New York, on
                                                                                  the 21st day of December, 2023.

            P R E S E N T:

            HON. DELORES J. THOMAS
                                                Justice.
            -----------------------------------------------------------------------X
            CRYSTAL MACK SIMPSON, as Administratrix
            Of the Estate of STEPHEN C. SIMPSON,

                                                        Plaintiff,
                             -against-                                                   Index No.: 514131/2018

            SUCCESS ACADEMY CHARTER SCHOOLS, INC.,
            555 TENTH AVENUE, LLC, GILBANE BUILDING
            COMPANY, RICHTER & RATNER CONTRACTING
            CORP., EXTELL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY,
            FIVE STAR ELECTRIC CORP., INFINITY
            ELEVATOR COMPANY, INC., PATRIOT ELECTRIC
            CORP. and CITY SAFETY COMPLIANCE CORP.,

                                                         Defendants.
            -----------------------------------------------------------------------X
            RICHTER & RATNER CONTRACTING CORP.,

                                                        Third-Party Plaintiff

                             -against-

            CITY SAFETY COMPLIANCE CORP. and
            PATRIOT ELECTRIC CORP.,
                                                         Third-Party Defendants,
            ------------------------------------------------------------------------X
            The following e-filed papers read herein:                                           NYSCEF Nos.:

            Notice of Motion/Order to Show Cause/
            Petition/Cross Motion and
            Affidavits (Affirmations) Annexed                                            869-876,882-890,892-894,896-901,903-904
            Opposing Affidavits (Affirmations)                                           919,920,921-923,924-926,927,928,929-
                                                                                         934,935-936,937-938
            Affidavits/ Affirmations in Reply                                            939,940,941,942,943,944-947
            Other Papers:

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  FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 12/29/2023 02:22 PM                                             INDEX NO. 514131/2018
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 959                                                                RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/29/2023

                   Upon the foregoing papers in this wrongful death action: (1) Plaintiff Crystal Mack

            Simpson, as Administratrix of the Estate of Stephen C. Simpson (plaintiff) moves, in

            motion (mot.) sequence (seq.) 19, for an order granting leave to reargue defendant Five

            Star Electric Corp.’s (Five Star) previous motion for summary judgment. Upon the

            granting of such leave, plaintiff seeks an order denying that branch of Five Star’s previous

            motion which sought summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence

            claim against it; (2) Plaintiff moves, in mot. seq. 20, for an order granting leave to reargue

            defendant/third-party defendant Patriot Electric Corp.’s (Patriot) previous motion for

            summary judgment. Upon the granting of such leave, plaintiff seeks an order denying that

            branch of Patriot’s previous motion which sought summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s

            common-law negligence claim against it; (3) Defendant/third-party plaintiff Richter &

            Ratner Contracting Corp. (Richter) moves, in mot. seq. 21, for an order granting leave to

            reargue Richter’s prior motion for summary judgment. Upon the granting of such leave,

            Richter seeks an order dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against it.

            Alternatively, in the event the court grants plaintiff’s motions to reargue against Five Star

            and Patriot, Richter seeks leave to re-assert its contribution and common-law

            indemnification claims against these defendants, as well as Richter’s contractual

            indemnification claim against Patriot; (4) Plaintiff moves, in mot. seq. 22, for an order

            granting leave to reargue defendants’ 555 Tenth Avenue LLC (555 Tenth) and Extell

            Development Company (Extell) previous motion for summary judgment as well as

            plaintiff’s prior cross motion to strike their answer. Upon the granting of such leave,

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            plaintiff seeks an order denying 555 Tenth and Extell’s previous summary judgment

            motion and granting plaintiff’s prior cross motion to strike their answer; (5) Defendant

            Success Academy Charter Schools, Inc. (Success) moves, in mot. seq. 23, for leave to

            reargue its previous motion for summary judgment. Upon the granting of such leave,

            Success seeks an order dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against it.

            The Prior Order

                    In an order dated February 3, 2023 (the prior order), the court determined numerous

            summary judgment motions made by the defendants in this action.1 In particular, the court

            granted Five Star’s motion for summary judgment dismissing all of plaintiff’s claims

            against it. The court further granted Patriot’s motion for summary judgment dismissing all

            of plaintiff’s claims against it. In addition, the court denied without prejudice to renew

            upon the completion of discovery those of branches of Richter and Success’s respective

            cross motions for summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence

            claims against them and granted those branches of Richter and Success’s respective cross

            motions which sought summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s remaining claims against

            them. Further, the court granted 555 Tenth and Extell’s motion for summary judgment

            dismissing plaintiff’s claims against it. Finally, the court denied that branch of plaintiff’s

            motion which sought an order, pursuant to CPLR 3126, striking 555 Tenth and Extell’s

            answers.

            1
             In the interest of judicial economy, the court has not included the lengthy background facts and procedural
            history of the case in this order as they were set forth in detail in the prior order.

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            Plaintiff’s Motion to Reargue Against Five Star

                   Plaintiff moves to reargue that branch of Five Star’s prior motion which sought

            summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against it. Upon

            the granting of such leave, plaintiff seeks an order denying Five Star’s motion for summary

            judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against it. In support of this

            motion, plaintiff maintains that the court overlooked applicable law and facts in dismissing

            her common-law negligence claim against Five Star. In particular, plaintiff points out that

            Five Star shut down the power to the building which ultimately led to the decedent

            becoming trapped in the elevator. Accordingly, plaintiff maintains that there are issues of

            fact regarding whether or not Five Star owed the decedent a duty of care inasmuch as it

            launched an instrument of harm that caused the accident. Plaintiff further maintains that

            there are issues of fact as to whether Five Star breached this duty by failing to take adequate

            actions to safeguard and secure the elevators prior to the power shut down. In addition,

            plaintiff argues that the court misapprehended CPLR 3212 (f) in finding that Five Star’s

            motion was not premature. In particular, plaintiff notes that the statute requires that

            motions for summary judgment be denied where facts essential to justify opposition may

            exist but cannot be stated because they remain in the exclusive knowledge of the moving

            party. In this regard, plaintiff notes that Lenny Bates has not been deposed and, according

            to plaintiff, the court should not have relied upon Mr. Bate’s self-serving affidavit in which

            he claimed that Five Star was not responsible for ensuring that the Success Academy

            project and its elevators were clear prior to the power shut down.

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                   In opposition to plaintiff’s motion, Five Star contends that the court properly

            dismissed plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against it given the uncontroverted

            evidence that it was not a contractor on the Success Academy project and did not exercise

            any control or authority over the premises where the elevator was located. Thus, Five Star

            maintains that it had no way of knowing that the decedent would return to the locked and

            closed jobsite after it had been informed that the premises had been cleared of workers.

            Stated otherwise, Five Star argues that it fulfilled any duty of care it owed to the decedent

            when it notified the contractors on the Success Academy project of the planned power shut

            down and received confirmation that the Success Academy building had been cleared of

            workers prior to shutting off the power. Finally, Five Star avers that there is no merit to

            plaintiff’s argument that its summary judgment motion was premature since plaintiff has

            failed to provide an evidentiary basis to suggest that additional discovery would lead to

            evidence necessary to defeat Five Star’s summary judgment motion.

                   “Motions for reargument are addressed to the sound discretion of the court which

            decided the prior motion and may be granted upon a showing that the court overlooked or

            misapprehended the facts or law or for some other reason mistakenly arrived at its early

            decision” (Peretz v Zhenjun Xu, 205 AD3d 746, 747 [2022] [internal quotation marks

            omitted).    However, a motion for leave to reargue “is not designed to provide an

            unsuccessful party with successive opportunities to reargue issues previously decided, or

            to present arguments different from those originally presented” (McGill v Goldman, 261

            AD2d 593, 594 [1999]).

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                    Here, plaintiff has failed to demonstrate that the court overlooked or

            misapprehended applicable facts or law in previously granting Five Star’s motion for

            summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against it. Rather,

            plaintiff raises the same arguments previously set forth in her opposition papers which were

            considered by the court and found to be lacking in merit. Accordingly, plaintiff’s motion

            for leave to reargue that branch of Five Star’s previous motion, which sought summary

            judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against it, is denied.

            Plaintiff’s Motion to Reargue Against Patriot

                    Plaintiff moves to reargue that branch of Patriot’s prior motion which sought

            summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against it. Upon

            the granting of such leave, plaintiff seeks an order denying Patriot’s motion for summary

            judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against it. In support of this

            motion, plaintiff argues that the court overlooked and misapprehended relevant facts in

            dismissing her common-law negligence claim against Patriot. In particular, plaintiff

            maintains that Patriot’s accident report, Patriot’s insurance carrier’s Workers’

            Compensation Pre-Hearing Conference Statement, as well as an OSHA report contradict

            Mr. Sampson’s (Patriot’s foreman on the jobsite) claim in his affidavit that he warned the

            decedent of the power shut down before he left the jobsite. Plaintiff further contends that

            Patriot had a duty to warn the decedent of the power shut down since it was his employer.

            In addition, plaintiff avers that there are issues of fact regarding whether Patriot launched

            an instrument of harm in failing to properly evacuate its employees prior to the power shut

            down.

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                    In opposition to plaintiff’s motion, Patriot maintains that plaintiff has failed to show

            that the court overlooked or misapprehended applicable facts or law in previously

            dismissing the common-law negligence claim against it. According to Patriot, plaintiff

            merely raises the same arguments that it previously made in opposition to Patriot’s motion.

            In any event, Patriot contends that the court correctly dismissed the common-law

            negligence claim against it inasmuch as Mr. Sampson stated in his sworn affidavit that he

            warned the decedent about the power shut down and based upon the fact that Patriot was

            not responsible for securing the jobsite and had vacated the area prior to the power shut

            down.

                    Under the circumstances herein, in order to address in more detail plaintiff’s

            argument that Patriot failed to warn the decedent of the power shut down, the court grants

            plaintiff’s motion to reargue Patriot’s prior motion to dismiss the common-law negligence

            claim against it. However, upon reargument, the court adheres to its original determination.

            In this regard, there is no merit to plaintiff’s claim that Mr. Sampson’s affidavit is

            inconsistent with the accident report that he filled out in his capacity as Patriot’s foreman.

            In particular, Mr. Sampson stated in both the accident report and affidavit that he warned

            the decedent of the power shut down. Moreover, the equivocal statement in the Pre-

            Hearing Conference Statement that the decedent “evidently did not know about the

            scheduled elevator maintenance” is inadmissible as the statement was drafted by an

            attorney with no first-hand knowledge of what occurred, and the source of this statement

            is not identified (Memenza v Cole, 131 AD3d 1020, 1022 [2015]). Finally, in reviewing

            the OSHA report (which has been partially redacted), it appears that OSHA determined

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            that the decedent had not been notified of the power shut down because he clocked out and

            left the jobsite before Patriot was informed about what was going to occur. Accepting this

            as being true, it fails to raise an issue of fact as to whether Patriot was negligent in failing

            to warn the decedent since the OSHA report indicates that Patriot remained unaware of the

            power shut down until after the decedent left the site for the day.

                     Accordingly, plaintiff’s motion to reargue Patriot’s prior motion for summary

            judgment dismissing the common-law negligence claim against it is granted and upon

            reargument, the court adheres to its original determination.

            Plaintiff’s Motion to Reargue Against Extell and 555 Tenth

                     Plaintiff moves for leave to reargue that branch of Extell and 555 Tenth’s motion

            which sought summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim

            against them.2 Upon the granting of such leave, plaintiff seeks an order denying Extell and

            555 Tenth’s motion for summary judgment dismissing this cause of action. Plaintiff further

            moves for leave to reargue that branch of her own motion which sought an order, pursuant

            to CPLR 3126, striking these defendants’ answer based upon their failure to comply with

            discovery demands. Upon the granting of such leave, plaintiff seeks an order striking

            Extell and 555 Tenth’s answer. In support of her motion, plaintiff maintains that the court

            overlooked and misapprehended applicable law and facts in previously dismissing her

            common-law negligence claim against Extell and 555 Tenth. In particular, plaintiff notes

            2
              In the prior order, the court granted Extell and 555 Tenth’s motion for summary judgment dismissing all of
            plaintiff’s claims against them, including her Labor Law causes of action. Although plaintiff’s notice of motion
            indicates that she seeks leave to reargue the entire prior motion, the discussion in her motion papers is limited to
            her common-law negligence cause of action. Accordingly, the court deems plaintiff’s motion for leave to reargue
            the prior motion to be limited to her common-law negligence claim against Extell and 555 Tenth.

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            that the power shut down was instituted by Five Star, which was retained as a subcontractor

            by Extell and 555 Tenth. In addition, plaintiff maintains that there are issues of fact as to

            whether these defendants had actual notice of the decedent reentering the jobsite prior to

            the shut down since their cameras recorded the decedent doing so. Thus, plaintiff maintains

            that the court erred in dismissing the common-law negligence cause of action against Extell

            and 555 Tenth.

                   With respect to her motion to reargue the previous denial of her motion to strike

            Extell and 555 Tenth’s answer, plaintiff notes that in a prior order, the court directed that

            Extell and 555 Tenth provide plaintiff with all video outtakes taken by their cameras at the

            jobsite for the time period between 3:42 PM on July 22, 2017 and 7:00 AM on July 23,

            2017 to the extent that they existed. However, when she demanded that these outtakes be

            produced, Extell and 555 Tenth claimed that no such outtakes existed. According to

            plaintiff, this response was not credible inasmuch as there must have been additional

            outtakes beyond what had already been provided (i.e., the videos showing the decedent

            leave the jobsite, reenter the jobsite, and enter the building).

                   In opposition to plaintiff’s motion to reargue the prior determination regarding her

            common-law negligence claim, Extell and 555 Tenth maintain that the court did not err in

            dismissing this claim given the uncontroverted evidence demonstrating that they had no

            control over, and were not otherwise responsible for maintaining the Success Academy

            jobsite or the elevator involved in the underlying incident. In this regard, Extell and 555

            Tenth point to Richard Coleman’s affidavit in which he states that the premises was sold

            to Success Academy seven months prior to the accident. In addition, Extell and 555 Tenth

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            contend that the court properly denied plaintiff’s prior motion to strike their answer given

            the fact that plaintiff was provided with the surveillance video which showed plaintiff

            leaving the jobsite, returning to the jobsite, and entering the building. Further, with respect

            to the court’s directive that Extell and 555 Tenth provide plaintiff with additional video

            outtakes to the extent that they existed, the defendants note that they served their responses

            to plaintiff’s discovery request which informed plaintiff that no such outtakes exist.

                   Turning first to plaintiff’s motion to reargue Extell and 555 Tenth’s prior motion

            for summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against them,

            plaintiff has failed to demonstrate that the court overlooked or misapprehended relevant

            facts or law in previously dismissing this claim.          The evidence before the court

            demonstrates that neither of these parties owned or exercised any control over the Success

            Academy project where the underlying accident occurred. Further, while it is true that

            Extell/555 Tenth’s subcontractor Five Star initiated the power shut down, the court has

            already determined that Five Star was not negligent.

                   With respect to plaintiff’s motion to reargue her prior motion to strike Extell and

            555 Tenth’s answer, plaintiff has also failed to demonstrate that the court overlooked

            relevant facts and law in denying the motion. Further, to the extent that plaintiff seeks

            sanctions, including striking Extell and 555 Tenth’s answer, based upon their failure to

            comply with the court’s directive in the previous order that they provide her with all video

            outtakes for the time period between 3:42 PM on July 22, 2017 and 7:00 AM on July 23,

            2017, the court notes that the defendants responded to this demand and stated that no such

            additional outtakes exist. Additionally, plaintiff has failed to provide any evidence that

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            such additional evidence does exist. In this regard, the court notes that the subject cameras

            were activated by motion and the jobsite was closed from approximately 4:30 PM on July

            22, 2017 until 7:00 AM the following morning.

                   Accordingly, plaintiff’s motion for leave to reargue the court’s prior determinations

            concerning her common-law negligence claim against Extell and 555 Tenth and the

            striking of their answer is denied. Furthermore, to the extent that plaintiff seeks sanctions

            against Extell and 555 Tenth based upon their failure to turn over additional video outtakes,

            said motion is also denied.

            Success and Richter’s Cross Motions to Reargue

                   Success and Richter separately cross-move for leave to reargue those branches of

            their prior motions which sought summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law

            negligence claims against them with prejudice. Upon the granting of such leave, Success

            and Richter seek an order dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against

            them with prejudice. In moving for reargument, Success (which owned the area of the

            building where the accident occurred) argues that the court overlooked and/or

            misapprehended applicable facts and law in previously denying (without prejudice to

            renew upon the completion of discovery) its motion to dismiss plaintiff’s common-law

            negligence claim against it. In particular, Success maintains that under applicable caselaw,

            owners only have a duty to maintain a premises in a safe condition when they have control

            over the premises. Here, Success contends that the Construction Management Agreement

            between it and Richter establishes that it did not have any control over the premises and

            that its only responsibility under the Agreement was to make timely payments to Richter.

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            In addition, Success avers that the court overlooked unrebutted evidence in the form of

            Jose Vera’s and Darwin Rivera’s affidavits that there was no history of break-ins or thefts

            at the jobsite. Similarly, Success maintains that plaintiff failed to raise any issues of fact

            as to whether the project site doors were locked and secured. Further, Success argues that

            the court misapprehended the Building Code provision regarding the placement of a

            watchperson. Specifically, Success argues that no watchperson was required since the

            applicable code provision only requires a watchperson when an individual building is being

            constructed or demolished and the underlying project involved the construction of a

            condominium unit located within an existing building. Finally, Success contends that any

            alleged defects involving the elevator are irrelevant since it was not foreseeable that the

            decedent would return to the jobsite.

                   In support of its motion for reargument, Richter (which was the construction

            manager/general contractor on the Success Academy Project) raises many of the same

            arguments advanced by Success in support of its motion for reargument. In particular,

            Richter contends that the court overlooked evidence demonstrating that there was no

            history of thefts or break-ins at the jobsite, that there was no requirement under the Building

            Code that a watchperson be posted at the jobsite, and that the condition of the elevator was

            irrelevant since it was not foreseeable that the decedent would break into the building and

            use the elevator. In addition, Richter argues that its duty to secure the jobsite was

            unequivocally met since it is undisputed that the doors to the site were locked and that the

            decedent forced his way into the site.

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                   In opposition to Success and Richter’s respective motions to reargue, plaintiff

            maintains that both defendants have failed to show that the court overlooked or

            misapprehended relevant law or facts in reaching its determination regarding plaintiff’s

            common-law negligence claims. To the contrary, plaintiff argues that the court properly

            determined that the defendants’ motions for summary judgment dismissing the common-

            law negligence claims against them were premature given the fact that all of the relevant

            evidence surrounding these claims, including foreseeability and the manner in which the

            gate and doorway into the building were secured is in the sole possession of the defendants.

            In addition, plaintiff argues that Success could not delegate away its common-law duty to

            maintain its premises in a safe condition. Moreover, plaintiff notes that Success and

            Richter’s argument regarding the necessity of a watchperson and the Building Code was

            improperly raised for the first time in a reargument motion. In any event, plaintiff points

            out that this argument ignores the fact that Richter’s own safety plan for the project called

            for a watchperson to be on duty during after-hours.

                   Here, Richter and Success have failed to demonstrate that the court overlooked or

            misapprehended applicable facts or law in previously denying their motions for summary

            judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claims against them without

            prejudice to renewal upon the completion of discovery. Instead, Richter and Success raise

            the same arguments which the court previously addressed in the prior order, or in the case

            of their Building Code arguments, were improperly raised for the first time in a reargument

            motion. Accordingly, Richter and Success’s motions to reargue their prior motions for

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            summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against them are

            denied.3

            Summary

                    In summary: (1) Plaintiff’s motion, in mot. seq. 19, which seeks leave to reargue

            defendant Five Star’s prior motion for summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-

            law negligence claim against it is denied; (2) Plaintiff’s motion, in mot. seq. 20, which

            seeks leave to reargue Patriot’s prior motion for summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s

            common-law negligence claim against it is granted. However, upon the granting of such

            leave, the court adheres to its prior determination; (3) Richter’s motion, in mot. seq. 21,

            which seeks leave to reargue its prior motion for summary judgment dismissing plaintiff’s

            common-law negligence claim against it is denied. Richter’s alternative motion, which

            seeks leave to reassert its contribution and common-law indemnification claims against

            Five Star and Patriot, as well as it contractual indemnification claim against Patriot is

            denied; (4) Plaintiff’s motion, in mot. seq. 22, which seeks leave to reargue 555 Tenth and

            Extell’s prior motion for summary judgment as well as plaintiff’s prior motion to strike

            their answer is denied; (5) Success’s motion, in mot. seq. 23, which seeks leave to reargue,

            under CPLR 2221, its prior motion for summary

            3
             Inasmuch as the court denied plaintiff’s motions to reargue against Five Star and Patriot, that branch of Richter’s
            motion which seeks to re-assert its contribution and common-law indemnification claims against these defendants
            as well as Richter’s contractual indemnification against Patriot is denied.

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            judgment dismissing plaintiff’s common-law negligence claim against it is denied.

                  This constitutes the decision and order of the court.

                                                                    E N T E R,

                                                                    J. S. C.

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