Court Opinion

ID: 3047656
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 23:21:59.599293+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:38:09.456848
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Opinions of the United
2009 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit

1-15-2009

Thomas Woodruff v. Hamilton Twp Pub Sch
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 08-2439

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                                                  NOT PRECEDENTIAL

         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
              FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                   ___________

                       No. 08-2439
                       ___________

    THOMAS WOODRUFF; MICHELLE WOODRUFF,
     Individually and on behalf of their minor son B.W.,
                                                      Appellants

                             v.

     HAMILTON TOWNSHIP PUBLIC SCHOOLS; FRED
    DONATUCCI, Superintendent; MICHAEL MULDOON,
Principal; PEDRO BERTONES, Vice Principal; DONNA HESS,
  Section 504 Coordinator; DANIEL WEBER, Language Arts;
 JOAN CARR, Mathematics; KELLI COSTELLO, Geography,
    HAMILTON TOWNSHIP PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT

        ____________________________________

       On Appeal from the United States District Court
                for the District of New Jersey
            (D.C. Civil Action No. 06-cv-03815)
         District Judge: Honorable Noel L. Hillman

        ____________________________________

      Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                   November 21, 2008
  Before: MCKEE, HARDIMAN and ROTH, Circuit Judges

              (Opinion filed: January 15, 2009)
                       ___________

                        OPINION
                       ___________
PER CURIAM

       Thomas and Michelle Woodruff appeal from an order of the District Court

dismissing their Amended Complaint. Finding no error, we will affirm. Because the

parties are familiar with the relevant facts and the procedural background, we will not

discuss them in detail.

       The Woodruffs, parents of a minor child, B.W., filed a civil action pro se in United

States District Court for the District of New Jersey, alleging numerous causes of action.

B.W. suffers from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The circumstances giving

rise to this action may be summarized as follows. B.W. was enrolled in the seventh grade

at William Davies Middle School in Mays Landing, New Jersey during the 2005-06

academic year. After receiving his yearbook, B.W. crossed out pictures of certain

students. Another student saw this and asked him what he was doing, and B.W. replied

that his yearbook was “the book of life. If your picture is crossed out you are a mere

memory. I hope you have experienced the pain and agony that I have experienced.” The

student reported B.W., and, for his actions, he was suspended for the final four days of

the school year. The Vice-Principal also initiated harassment charges against him with

county juvenile authorities.

       By way of explaining his behavior, B.W. told his parents that, just prior to the

yearbook incident, he had been humiliated in his language arts class by an assignment in

which fellow students were told by the teacher to write poems describing their classmates.

                                             2
B.W.’s classmates described him as “fool,” “weird,” “goofy,” and “forgetful.” The

Woodruffs evidently tried to explain this to school officials. Unsatisfied with the

school’s response, the Woodruffs eventually filed a lawsuit. The School District

responded by serving notice of its intent to expel B.W. This notice arrived just prior to

the 2006-07 academic year. Before any hearing to expel could take place, the Woodruffs

withdrew B.W. and enrolled him in the eighth grade at a private school. Apparently,

B.W. had a successful, discipline-free year there, but when the Woodruffs attempted to

enroll him in the ninth grade for the 2007-08 academic year at Oakcrest High School in

the Greater Egg Harbor Public School District, that school refused to enroll him. The

Woodruffs later learned that Hamilton Township school officials had disclosed B.W.’s

file to Greater Egg Harbor school district officials.

       After amending their original Complaint, the Woodruffs alleged in the main that

the Hamilton Township Public School District and its officials failed to provide B.W.

with a Free and Appropriate Public Education (“FAPE”) as required under the Individuals

with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”), 20 U.S.C. § 1401 et seq.,1 section 504 of the

Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 794, and the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42

U.S.C. § 1213, and that certain administrators and teachers at the Davies Middle School

discriminated against him and created a hostile environment in violation of the New

Jersey Law Against Discrimination, N.J.S.A. § 10:5-1 et seq. (“NJLAD”). There was a

   1
    The IDEA was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement
Act, effective July 1, 2005.

                                              3
further attempt to assert common law counts for negligence and infliction of emotional

distress, an allegation of a procedural due process violation, and general allegations of

retaliation and harassment.

       Early in the litigation, the District Court addressed whether the Woodruffs could

represent their son’s interests, because they are not attorneys, and parents may not

represent their minor children in the federal courts in this circuit, Osei-Afriyie by Osei-

Afriyie v. Medical College of Pennsylvania, 937 F.2d 876, 882 (3d Cir. 1991) (“Where

[children] have claims that require adjudication, they are entitled to trained legal

assistance so their rights may be fully protected”). As a result, the Woodruffs obtained an

attorney who filed a separate civil action, D.C. Civ. No. 07-cv-04135, against the Greater

Egg Harbor Public School District. That action was settled and B.W. was successfully

enrolled in Oakcrest. The District Court laid out for the Woodruffs the various options

for continuing with the instant civil action, including obtaining an attorney or continuing

with their claims only. The Woodruffs elected to file an amended complaint which

purported to raise their claims only. The defendants moved to dismiss the Amended

Complaint and the District Court granted the motion in an order entered on April 9, 2008.

This appeal followed.

       We will affirm. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.2 The

   2
     Because the Woodruffs are not attorneys, they may not represent B.W. on appeal,
Osei-Afriyie, 937 F.2d at 882-83. Therefore, they are proceeding on appeal only as to
their claims.

                                              4
Woodruffs contend on appeal that the District Court erred (1) in its determination that

they cannot prosecute a civil action on behalf of B.W. except in the circumstance set forth

in Winkelman v. Parma City Sch. Dist., --- U.S. ----, 127 S. Ct. 1994 (2007); (2) in

dismissing their IDEA, ADA and Section 504 claims for failure to exhaust administrative

remedies; (3) in dismissing their negligence and emotional distress claims; and (4) in

overlooking their harassment and retaliation claims. After careful review, we have

determined that these contentions lack merit.

       The District Court properly concluded that, under Winkelman, 127 S. Ct. 1994, the

Woodruffs may prosecute their legally cognizable interests in B.W.’s FAPE without an

attorney, but Winkelman is limited to the IDEA context and does not permit them to

litigate the NJLAD, procedural due process, or common law counts alleged in their

Amended Complaint. In Winkelman, the United States Supreme Court held that, because

parents have substantive rights under the IDEA which are not limited to procedural and

reimbursement-related matters and which they may enforce by prosecuting actions on

their own behalf, the circuit court in that case erred when it dismissed the parents’ appeal

for lack of counsel. The Court reserved the question whether the IDEA entitles parents to

litigate their child’s claims pro se, id. at 2007, and thus Winkelman does not translate into

a broad right to pursue any statutory or common law claims on a child’s behalf. With the

exception of an IDEA action on their own behalf, the Woodruffs may not represent B.W.

in the federal courts in this circuit, Osei-Afriyie, 937 F.2d at 882. The Woodruffs were

                                              5
given the opportunity by the District Court to identify which claims they brought in their

own right. They chose to file an amended complaint purporting to assert their claims

only, but the District Court concluded that the injuries alleged simply were not personal to

them, and we agree. The District Court overlooked no counts in determining that the

Amended Complaint would have to be dismissed without prejudice to the extent that

Osei-Afriyie prevents the Woodruffs from litigating other statutory or common law

claims on B.W.’s behalf.3

       Although Winkelman, 127 S. Ct. at 2004, permits the Woodruffs to represent

themselves in an IDEA action on their own behalf, the District Court properly dismissed

their IDEA, ADA and Section 504 claims for failure to exhaust administrative remedies.

As thoroughly explained by the District Court, the IDEA ordinarily requires that a party

exhaust administrative remedies, see 20 U.S.C. § 1415(f) (providing for an impartial due

process hearing); see id. at § 1415(g) (providing for appeal of any such decision to State

educational agency), prior to bringing suit in federal court, id. at § 1415(i)(2)(A). The

Woodruffs do not contend that they pursued their administrative remedies prior to

bringing this civil action. Instead, they contend that they cannot obtain the money

   3
     We conclude that the harassment and retaliation allegations are properly viewed as
part of the NJLAD count. To the extent that the Woodruffs sought to bring a claim for
negligent infliction of emotional distress based on a theory of bystander liability, their
claim is legally insufficient and properly dismissed pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 12(b)(6), because New Jersey requires that the minor child suffer death or a
serious physical injury before a parent can maintain such an action. See Mansour v.
Leviton Mfg. Co., Inc., 890 A.2d 336, 340 (N.J. Super. Ct., App. Div. 2006).

                                             6
damages they seek for their IDEA, ADA and Section 504 claims through the

administrative process and thus exhaustion would be futile.

       We are not persuaded. We have held that “plaintiffs may ... be excused from the

pursuit of administrative remedies where they allege systemic legal deficiencies and,

correspondingly, request system-wide relief that cannot be provided (or even addressed)

through the administrative process,” Beth V. by Yvonne V. v. Carroll, 87 F.3d 80, 89 (3d

Cir. 1996), but this exception is limited. In the usual case, exhaustion serves the purpose

of developing the record for review on appeal, cf. S.H. v. State-Operated Sch. Dist. of

City of Newark, 336 F.3d 260, 269-70 (3d Cir. 2003) (discussing importance of

Administrative Law Judge fact finding in IDEA cases), encourages parents and the local

school district to work together to formulate an individualized plan for a child’s

education, and allows the education agencies to apply their expertise and correct their

own mistakes, see McKart v. United States, 395 U.S. 185, 194-95 (1969). Furthermore,

private placement and reimbursement for private school tuition are available to remedy

violations of the IDEA. Ridgewood Bd. Of Educ. v. N.E. ex rel. M.E., 172 F.3d 238,

248-249 & n.7 (3d Cir. 1999) (citing Florence County Sch. Dist. Four v. Carter, 510 U.S.
7 (1993)). Compensatory education also is available. Id. at 249-50 & n.9. The District

Court concluded, and we agree, that an Administrative Law Judge would be able to

provide the Woodruffs with appropriate relief if they prevail at the due process hearing.

The Woodruffs’ request for money damages presumably includes reimbursement for the

                                             7
year of private school tuition they incurred. They are thus not excused from exhausting

their administrative remedies.4

       Finally, we agree with the District Court that the retaliation count, to the extent

that it is not subsumed within the NJLAD count, is barred under the Family Educational

Rights and Privacy Act (“FERPA”), 20 U.S.C. § 1232g, because there is no private cause

of action under FERPA’s confidentiality provisions, Gonzaga University v. Doe, 536 U.S.
273, 287 (2002), and 42 U.S.C. § 1983 is not a vehicle for a FERPA claim, id. at 288.

       For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the order of the District Court dismissing

the amended complaint. The Appellees’ motion to file a supplemental appendix and

expand the record is granted.5

   4
    The Woodruffs’ additional contention that they are excused from exhausting
administrative remedies because they did not receive adequate notice of their rights lacks
merit for the reasons given by the District Court.
   5
     In seeking leave to expand the record, see Fed. R. App. Pro. 10(e), the Appellees
have called our attention to one item germane to the District Court’s dismissal for failure
to exhaust administrative remedies: a State of New Jersey Department of Education Due
Process Hearing Acknowledgment dated July 25, 2008, indicating that the Woodruffs are
pursuing their administrative remedies.

                                              8