Court Opinion

ID: 178760
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-11-04 16:46:51+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:25:45.546809
License: Public Domain

CLD-023                                                NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                ___________

                                     No. 10-3074
                                     ___________

                                  ALEX T. MCKAY,
                                     Appellant

                                           v.

                THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE;
                          US ATTORNEY GENERAL;
                     THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS;
                                  H. WATT
                    ____________________________________

                      Appeal from the United States District Court
                               for the District of New Jersey
                                (D.C. Civil No. 10-cv-0888)
                     District Judge: Honorable Jerome B. Simandle
                      ____________________________________

        Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)
        or Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
                                  October 28, 2010

              Before: RENDELL, FUENTES and SMITH, Circuit Judges

                           (Opinion filed: November 4, 2010)
                                       _________

                              OPINION OF THE COURT
                                    _________

PER CURIAM

      Alex T. McKay, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals from the District

Court’s dismissal of his complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e). For the reasons
stated below, we will summarily affirm.

         McKay filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of

New Jersey alleging that he was entitled to relief under Bivens v. Six Unknown Agents,

403 U.S. 388 (1971), because he had been approved for a pay increase for a prison job

but had never received the raise. 1 The District Court granted McKay’s motion to proceed

in forma pauperis and later dismissed his complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e).

                                            II.

         We have jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We may

summarily affirm if the appeal presents no substantial question. See 3d Cir. L.A.R. 27.4;

I.O.P. 10.6.

                                            III.

         We agree with the District Court’s determination that McKay’s civil rights claim

was without merit.

     1
        McKay also alleged that non-defendant prison officials verbally harassed him and
were unhelpful in his efforts to file a grievance, specifically that they attempted to deny
him required forms and called him a “faggot.” If these allegations are accepted as true,
they may be relevant to whether McKay satisfied the exhaustion requirement imposed by
the Prison Reform Litigation Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Brown v. Croak, 312 F.3d 109
(3d Cir. 2002). As the District Court dismissed McKay’s complaint under the auspices of
§ 1915(e), his failure to exhaust available prison remedies was never reached. We note
that if his allegations of harassment and denial of access were properly raised in an
amended complaint naming the involved parties, McKay would be unlikely to prevail as
there is no constitutional right to a prison grievance system, see Flick v. Alba, 932 F.2d
728 (8th Cir. 1991), and verbal harassment does not rise to the level of a constitutional
violation. See, e.g., McBride v. Deer, 240 F.3d 1287, 1291 n.3 (10th Cir. 2001); DeWalt
v. Carter, 224 F.3d 607, 612 (7th Cir. 2000).

                                                  2
         As the District Court noted, a government official sued in an individual capacity in

a civil rights action cannot be held liable under a theory of respondeat superior. Ashcroft

v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937 (2009); see also Sutton v. Rasheed, 323 F.3d 236, 249 (3d Cir.

2003) (“a defendant in a civil rights action must have personal involvement in the alleged

wrongs to be liable.”). McKay failed to allege the personal involvement of any of the

named defendants. While he included the United States Department of Justice (“D.O.J.”)

and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (“B.O.P.”) in the caption of his initial complaint, the

body of the complaint as well as McKay’s subsequent supplemental filing make it clear

that he wished to assert claims only against two defendants: Eric M. Holder, Attorney

General of the United States, and an Administrative Remedy Coordinator, H. Watts. We

agree with the District Court that because McKay does not allege either of these

defendants were responsible for determining his salary grade or directly affected his

raise, he may not recover against them.

         The District Court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing McKay’s complaint

without providing leave to amend. If McKay had sought to name alternative or

additional defendants, his Bivens claim would have still failed on its merits. Prison

inmates simply have no constitutionally protected interest in retaining prison

employment—let alone in promotions. See James v. Quinlan, 866 F.2d 627, 629-630 (3d

Cir. 1989) (holding that prisoners have no liberty interest in their prison jobs). 2 Because

     2
      The District Court went further, analyzing the viability of McKay’s claim under
contract principles. While such claims are properly brought in the Court of Federal
                                            3
any amendment of McKay’s complaint would have been futile, the District Court’s

dismissal without leave to amend was appropriate. See Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178,

182 (1962).

       For the reasons given, McKay’s appeal presents no substantial question. We will

therefore summarily affirm the District Court’s order dismissing McKay’s civil suit.

Claims, see 28 U.S.C. § 1491(a)(1), the District Court correctly noted that because there
is no indication that McKay was provided an express promise that the United States
would hold itself liable, he cannot prevail on a breach of contract claim for damages.
Sanders v. United States, 252 F.3d 1329, 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2001).
                                              4