Court Opinion

ID: 159192
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-08-14 06:19:34+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:18:43.984940
License: Public Domain

F I L E D
                                                                  United States Court of Appeals
                                                                          Tenth Circuit
                        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                         FEB 10 2000
                                    TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                    PATRICK FISHER
                                                                               Clerk

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

           Plaintiff - Appellee,
 vs.                                                   No. 99-2111
                                                (D.C. No. CR-98-482-MV)
 GUADALUPE AGUILAR-VENSOR,                              (D.N.M.)
 also known as Guadalupe Venoe-
 Aguilar, also known as Guadalupe
 Vemzor-Aguilar, also known as Lupe
 Aguilar, also known as Jesus M.
 Morales, also known as Carlos Rivas,
 also known as Sucarro Corral-Aguilar,
 also known as Yulir Dominguez,

           Defendant - Appellant.

                               ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before KELLY, MURPHY, and COOK **, Circuit Judges. ***

       *
        This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. This court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
       **
         The Honorable H. Dale Cook, Senior District Judge, United States
District Court of the Northern District of Oklahoma, sitting by designation.
       ***
          After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge
panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material
assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th
Cir. R. 34.1 (G). The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
      Defendant-Appellant Guadalupe Aguilar-Vensor appeals from his

conviction for reentry of a deported alien, 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(2). He was

sentenced to 27 months imprisonment and 3 years supervised release after

entering a conditional guilty plea. Mr. Aguilar-Vensor challenges the grant of

the government’s motion in limine which excluded all evidence of

“correspondence and dealings with the [INS] after the date of his reentry into the

United States.”   I R. doc. 31. Without this evidence, Mr. Aguilar-Vensor

argues that he was precluded from proving the defense of entrapment by estoppel.

Our jurisdiction arises under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and we affirm.

      Mr. Aguilar-Vensor was deported from the United States on February 7,

1991 following a 1988 conviction for possession of narcotics with intent to

distribute. By his own admission at the time of arrest, he reentered the country

the next day by falsely claiming to be a United States citizen. On January 12,

1998, Mr. Aguilar-Vensor filed an Application to Register Permanent Residence

or Adjust Status (Form I-485) along with a $1,000 penalty fee required by 8

U.S.C. § 1255(i). On April 3, 1998, he received a letter from the INS advising

him to pick up an Employment Authorization Card on April 22, but was

prevented from doing so by his April 20 arrest.

      Mr. Aguilar-Vensor argues on appeal that the INS’ receipt and processing

of his I-485 form and $1,000 penalty fee was a misrepresentation that he was

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legally entitled to remain in the country. He claims that he reasonably relied

upon this misrepresentation and, therefore, is entitled to raise the defense of

entrapment by estoppel. After the grant of the government’s motion in limine,

Mr. Aguilar-Vensor was precluded from presenting the evidence needed to

establish entrapment.

      When a motion in limine precludes a defendant from presenting the

defense of entrapment by estoppel, review is de novo.     See United States v.

Gutierrez-Gonzalez , 184 F.3d 1160, 1164 (10th Cir. 1999). “‘The defense of

entrapment by estoppel is implicated where an agent of the government

affirmatively misleads a party as to the state of the law and that party proceeds to

act on the misrepresentation.’”   Id. at 1166 (quoting United States v. Nichols , 21

F.3d 1016, 1018 (10th Cir. 1994)). An integral requirement of this defense is

that the defendant’s reliance must be   reasonable in light of the circumstances

present. Id.

      Form I-485 which Mr. Aguilar-Vensor filed with the INS specifically

asked the following questions:

               (1) Have you ever . . . (b) been arrested, cited, charged,
               indicted, fined, or imprisoned for breaking or violating
               any law or ordinance, excluding traffic violations?

               ....

               (9) Have you ever been deported from the U.S., or
               removed from the U.S. at government expense, excluded

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             within the past year, or are you now in exclusion or
             deportation proceedings?

I R. doc. 29 (exh. 2). Mr. Aguilar-Vensor untruthfully answered “No” to both of

these questions.

      Reliance upon perjured documents can never be reasonable.        See Gutierrez-

Gonzalez , 184 F.3d at 1168-69 (defendant’s belief that he was in the United

States legally was not reasonable after submission of a fraudulent application

stating that he had never been deported);    see also United States v. Trevino-

Martinez , 86 F.3d 65, 69-70 (5th Cir. 1996) (defendant who did not reveal prior

arrests and deportations could not reasonably rely upon consulate’s issuance of

nonimmigrant visa for asserted legal reentry into country);   United States v.

Agubata , 60 F.3d 1081, 1084 (4th Cir. 1995) (holding that “a calculated decision

to commit a felony cannot be termed reasonable reliance.”).    1

      As a matter of law, Mr. Aguilar-Vensor was unable to assert a defense of

entrapment by estoppel.

 Therefore, the district court’s grant of the motion in limine was proper.

      1
       Although we rest this decision on the inability to demonstrate reasonable
reliance, we also note that Mr. Aguilar-Vensor would also have been unable to
prove that the INS “affirmatively misled” him. See United States v. Aquino-
Chacon, 109 F.3d 936, 939 (4th Cir. 1997) (no active misleading where INS
forms did not “affirmatively assure [defendant] that reentry without permission
was lawful”).

                                            -4-
AFFIRMED.

            Entered for the Court

            Paul J. Kelly, Jr.
            Circuit Judge

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