Court Opinion

ID: 6103720
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-14 20:03:53.528046+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:53:39.747376
License: Public Domain

NOTICE
This Order was filed under                                                              FILED
Supreme Court Rule 23 and is       2022 IL App (4th) 200361-U                        January 14, 2022
not precedent except in the                                                            Carla Bender
limited circumstances allowed             NO. 4-20-0361                            4th District Appellate
under Rule 23(e)(1).                                                                     Court, IL
                                  IN THE APPELLATE COURT

                                          OF ILLINOIS

                                       FOURTH DISTRICT

  THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS,                      )   Appeal from the
             Plaintiff-Appellee,                            )   Circuit Court of
             v.                                             )   Douglas County
  WILLIAM B. THOMPSON,                                      )   No. 07CF92
             Defendant-Appellant.                           )
                                                            )   Honorable
                                                            )   Gary A. Webber,
                                                            )   Judge Presiding.

                  JUSTICE CAVANAGH delivered the judgment of the court.
                  Justices Turner and Harris concurred in the judgment.

                                             ORDER
 ¶1      Held: Postconviction counsel’s certificate pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 651(c)
               (eff. July 1, 2017) raises a presumption of reasonable assistance, which is
               unrebutted.

 ¶2               The defendant, William B. Thompson, who is serving a sentence of natural life

 imprisonment for first degree murder (720 ILCS 5/9-1(a)(1), (b)(1) (West 2006); 730 ILCS

 5/5-8-1(a)(1)(c)(iii) (West 2006)), appeals from the second-stage dismissal of his petition for

 postconviction relief. See People v. Harris, 2013 IL App (1st) 111351, ¶¶ 46-47 (describing the

 three stages of a postconviction proceeding). In his view, the record fails to show that

 postconviction counsel substantially complied with Illinois Supreme Court Rule 651(c) (eff. July

 1, 2017), a rule designed to ensure that defendants receive a reasonable level of assistance from

 their postconviction counsel. In our de novo review, we conclude that (1) the Rule 651(c)
certificate filed by postconviction counsel raises a presumption of reasonable assistance and

(2) defendant fails to rebut that presumption. Therefore, we affirm the judgment.

¶3                                     I. BACKGROUND

¶4             On March 11, 2009, defendant appeared with this attorney and proposed that, in

return for a sentence of natural-life imprisonment, he would plead guilty to count I of the amended

information. Count I charged that on June 21, 2007, defendant committed first degree murder (720

ILCS 5/9-1(a)(1), (b)(1) (West 2006)) in that he “or one [for] whose conduct he [was] accountable,

fired gunshots in the direction of the driver’s side window of a police vehicle, at a time when

Tommy Martin was driving said vehicle, thereby causing the death of Tommy Martin.” “[F]or

sentencing purposes,” count I added that, at the time of the incident, Martin “was a peace officer

in the course of performing his official duties” and that defendant “knew or should have known

that the murdered individual was a peace officer.” See 730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(1)(c)(iii) (West 2006).

¶5             In response to questions from the circuit court, defendant said he understood count

I, including the sentence-enhancing factor. He also said he understood that the sentencing range

for first degree murder was imprisonment for not less than 20 years and not more than 60 years

and that the extended range of imprisonment was not less than 60 years and not more than 100

years. The court confirmed with defense counsel and the prosecutor that natural-life imprisonment

would be mandatory if, in a trial, defendant were found to have known that Martin was a peace

officer acting in the course of his official duties. Defendant said he understood that a unanimous

verdict was required for the imposition of a natural-life sentence. He further said he understood

that if he declined the plea agreement, proceeded to trial, and were found guilty, he could be

sentenced to death. He said he understood that he would have a right to a jury in the

death-sentencing hearing and that a death verdict would have to be unanimous before the death

                                               -2-
penalty could be imposed. He said he understood that the sentencing judge would be obligated to

impose a natural-life sentence if the sentencing jury declined to impose the death penalty. Defense

counsel stated, on the record, that he had explained to defendant that if he were found guilty of

murdering a police officer “the only two possible sentences would be death or life imprisonment.”

Defendant said he wanted to give up his right to trial and to plead guilty to first degree murder.

¶6             The State presented the following factual basis for the proposed guilty plea:

               “If this cause were to proceed to trial, Your Honor, the State would be able to prove

               the following facts which would support a conviction of the above—of this

               defendant, William B. Thompson, of the crime of first-degree murder, the mandated

               sentence for which is natural life imprisonment.

                       The evidence would show that at about 10:40 a.m. on June 21, 2007,

               Tommy Martin was the Chief Deputy Sheriff of Douglas County, a uniformed

               peace officer in the course of performing his official duties.

                       That earlier that morning at about 9:03 a.m., Trooper Brian Wood of the

               Illinois State Police effected a traffic stop on Interstate 57 in the southbound lanes

               in Douglas County, Illinois, of a tan or silver four-door Infinity motor vehicle for a

               violation of the Illinois Vehicle Code.

                       That the driver of this Infinity was identified, and would be identified as the

               defendant, William B. Thompson, date of birth, August 2, 1980, this defendant. The

               passenger was subsequently identified as Yusef Kareem Brown. The Infinity was

               registered to Arnie L. Graves of Chicago, Illinois.

                       During the course of this traffic stop, a State Police canine performed a ‘free

               air’ sniff of the Infinity and indicated the odor of cannabis or controlled substances.

                                                -3-
       That the defendant and Mr. Brown were instructed to exit the motor vehicle.

The defendant and Brown refused to exit and fled the stop in the Infinity at about

9:17 a.m., proceeding southbound on Interstate 57. It was later determined that at

about 1:00 a.m. earlier that day, the owner of this vehicle, Arnie L. Graves, was

murdered by gunshot and hammer blows to the head in his apartment in Chicago.

It was later determined that the defendant, William Thompson, knew Arnie Graves

and that he had been with Arnie Graves the evening before the murder.

       That some time between 10 o’clock and 10:29 a.m. on the 21st at a residence

located at 1540 East County Road 1250 North outside of Villa Grove in Douglas

County, Illinois, Betsy Orwick, Jeremy Shunk and Ryan Riddell were robbed and

tied up by two armed gunmen, that Shunk and Orwick at trial would identify as the

defendant and Yusef Brown. They would testify that the defendant and Brown left

Shunk in the trunk of the Infinity parked in the rear of the property, at that time the

home of Ryan Riddell.

       The defendant and Brown stole Riddell’s black Chevrolet S-10 pickup and

Orwick’s beige Mercury van and left the residence. That Orwick shortly thereafter

freed herself and called 911 at 10:29 a.m. to report the home invasion and robbery.

       That Tommy Martin, among other law enforcement officers, proceeded

towards that location in a police vehicle. Mr. Martin was travelling north on Prairie

Street out of Tuscola, turning east on County Road 1250 North, also known as the

Hayes Road, towards the Riddell residence.

       That at 10:40 a.m. Martin advised dispatch that he had sighted the Mercury

van and the black S-10.

                                 -4-
        That at 10:41 a.m. Martin advised dispatch that he had been shot.

        That shortly—that at a subsequent time from his hospital bed, Martin gave

a recorded statement describing that he had been shot by a black male driving the

black S-10 pickup.

        That shortly thereafter, the beige Mercury was sighted by State Troopers

headed northbound on Route 45 from the Hayes Road. Pursuit was then initiated

until the van stopped at the intersection of Route 45 and Route 133 in Arcola,

Illinois. The black S-10 was found abandoned at the intersection of the Hayes Road

and Route 45.

        That during the pursuit of the Mercury van, the police car operated by

Trooper Mike Sturgeon was hit by gunshots fired from the Mercury van. Trooper

Sturgeon later recovered the projectiles from his back seat and they were turned

into the State Crime Lab.

        That the Mercury van came to a stop at the intersection of Route 133 and

Route 45 in Arcola. This defendant ran from the passenger side of the van and

into the nearby First Mid Illinois Bank. Brown was apprehended from the driver

seat of that van.

        That the defendant, brandishing a Smith & Wesson 9-millimeter

semiautomatic pistol, then held the bank employees hostage during the standoff

with the police, eventually surrendering at the end of this day.

        That Martin was taken to Carle Foundation Hospital where he was treated

for the gunshot wounds to his face and chest. The gunshot projectile in his chest

went through his lung and lodged in his spine. After surgery and intubation, Martin

                                -5-
regained consciousness only briefly during the next few weeks. In the beginning of

July, Martin’s diverticulum perforated, sepsis set in, causing massive organ failure

and Martin died on July 17, 2007.

        Firearm projectiles recovered from Martin and the projectiles recovered

from Trooper Sturgeon’s vehicle were analyzed by the State Police Crime Lab, who

determined to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty that these projectiles were

fired from the same 9-millimeter pistol possessed by the defendant during his

standoff with the police at the bank in Arcola.

        That the clothing the defendant was wearing on June 21, 2007, was seized

following his arrest at the Arcola Bank. It was analyzed by the State Police Crime

Lab. The right cuff of the shirt the defendant was wearing was found to have

gunshot residue particles indicating that a firearm had been discharged in close

proximity.

        That the black Chevy S-10 pickup, which [sic] it was taken from the Riddell

residence, was examined by the Illinois State Police Forensic Lab. The defendant’s

fingerprint was found on the driver’s side door. The key to the Infinity that was

registered to Arnie Graves was found on the center console of the black S-10.

This key was found to have blood on it. DNA testing by the Illinois State Police

show that the blood was Arnie Graves, the registered owner of the Infinity, who

had been found murdered in his Chicago condominium on the 21st. The Infinity

was being driven by William Thompson at the time he escaped from the Illinois

State Police traffic stop on Interstate 57.

                                 -6-
                       That a sock seized from the defendant on the 21st was found to contain

               blood. The blood was DNA tested by the Illinois State Police and found that this

               was also the blood of Arnie Graves.”

¶7             The circuit court then admonished and questioned defendant further. He waived his

right to a jury on the sentence-enhancing issue of whether he knew or should have known that

Martin was a peace officer. Defendant said nobody had forced him to plead guilty; that, outside

the plea agreement, no promises had been made in exchange for his guilty plea; and that he was

satisfied with the representation he had received. He said he wanted to plead guilty of his own free

will. The court found his proposed guilty plea to be knowing and voluntary, and the court accepted

the guilty plea and entered judgment on it.

¶8             The State then presented some victim impact statements. Pursuant to the plea

agreement, the circuit court sentenced defendant to natural-life imprisonment. The State moved to

dismiss the remaining counts against him as well as a pending charge in Douglas County case No.

07-CF-125 that accused him of committing a crime while in jail. The court granted the motion.

The court admonished him of his right to appeal. He did not take a direct appeal.

¶9             On December 8, 2016, however, defendant filed a pro se petition for postconviction

relief, in which he alleged as follows:

                       “I was denied effective assistance of counsel when my attorney refused to

               interview my alleged co-defendant, Yusef b. [sic] Brown, regarding the fact that I

               did not intend; plan; agree; aid; abet, nor did I have any knowledge of the of the

               [sic] fact that Brown was going to shoot the Police Officer.

                       I was not in the truck with Brown when he shot the police, I was driving in

               front of Brown in a mini van, and after the officer was shot I stop[p]ed my vehicle

                                               -7-
       in shock (actually blocking Borow’s [sic] vehicle from escape). I then remember

       [B]rown opening my driver door and pushing me to the passenger side so he could

       make his escape. After coming out of shock I asked Brown ‘what did you shoot the

       police for?’

                I kept telling my attorney that I was innocent, but he would not believe me,

       and he wouldn’t interview Mr. Brown to ver[i]fy my story. He just kept saying ‘if

       you don’t plea[d] guilty you will get the death penalty.’

                However, I recently received newly discovered evidence in the form of an

       affidavit from Yusef K. Brown supporting my claim of actual innocences [sic].”

¶ 10   In his affidavit, dated April 18, 2016, Yusef K. Brown averred as follows:

                “On June 21 2007 I Yusef K. Brown shot a on duty police officer two times

       and aft[ ]er that William Thompson stop his car like he was in a state of illness or

       shock.

                So, I jump out the black truck ran to William Thompson assist because he

       was blocking the truck I was in then, I Yusef Brown open the driver door to the

       mini van William Thompson was driving and told him to move over the passenger

       seat and William Thompson move and let me Yusef Brown take over the mini van.

       So aft[ ]er making a right turn more police started to come and then I Yusef Brown

       ended up on the expressway then William Thompson ask me what did I shoot the

       police for and I Yusef Brown solely told William Thompson I work for GOD

       ALLAH.

                So the police officer in the cars started to get closer to the mini van. So, I

       Yusef Brown got off the Expressway with a lead and that’s when I threw the gloves

                                         -8-
               I was wearing out the window and 100 more feet I crash the car and that[’]s when

               I Yusef Brown told William Thompson to run and get to safety because the police

               was going to shoot to kill.

                       I Yusef Brown stop that by surrend[er]ing to the down coming police cars.”

¶ 11           On May 5, 2017, the circuit court docketed the pro se petition for second-stage

proceedings and appointed counsel.

¶ 12           On September 12, 2017, in a status hearing, postconviction counsel told the circuit

court:

               “Judge, I would indicate that after we were here last time and Mr. Thompson was

               present I had a chance to speak to Mr. Thompson. He indicated to me at that time

               there wasn’t any additional claims that he wanted to make. The claim he has made,

               which he put in his pro se Petition, is very straightforward, and I think, easily

               understood. I don’t see a point in trying to amend that. [The prosecutor] has

               furnished me with—certainly not all the discovery in this lengthy case—but I think

               a sufficient amount of relevant discovery that I have had a chance to review that

               and kind of know what the circumstances were.

                       I don’t think there is a need to make an amendment to the petition or the

               other paperwork that Mr. Thompson filed.”

¶ 13           On the grounds of untimeliness and a failure to make out a legally sufficient claim

of actual innocence, the State moved to dismiss the pro se petition. On January 9, 2018, the circuit

court held a hearing on the motion for dismissal. After the attorneys made their arguments, the

court granted the State’s motion, for three reasons. First, the petition was not filed within three

years after the conviction—the statutory period of limitation for claims other than those of actual

                                               -9-
innocence, including claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. See 725 ILCS 5/122-1(c) (West

2016). Second, the petition failed to show that defendant was actually innocent. The court

explained, “I do not believe that this raises a cognizable claim of actual innocence. It may merely

change who actually pulled the trigger and does not in and of itself raise a claim that he couldn’t

be held accountable for that action regardless of who pulled the trigger.” Third, the court was

unconvinced that Brown’s affidavit was new evidence that, in the exercise of reasonable diligence,

would have been undiscoverable earlier—a requirement for claims of actual innocence. The court

noted “sufficient evidence in the record that there were extensive amounts of interview time of this

Co-Defendant, Yusef Brown, which [defendant] had access to.” “But even so,” the court added,

“this statement in and of itself does not raise a cognizable claim of innocence such that I should

excuse the late filing.” Therefore, the court granted the State’s motion to dismiss the pro se petition

for postconviction relief.

¶ 14           Defendant appealed. On January 6, 2020, by summary order, we remanded the case

for compliance with Illinois Supreme Court Rule 651(c) (eff. July 1, 2017), because the record,

including the Rule 651(c) certificate, failed to show that postconviction counsel had examined the

transcripts of the guilty plea proceedings. People v. Thompson, No. 4-18-0081 (2020) (unpublished

summary order under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 23(c)).

¶ 15           On remand, postconviction counsel filed a new Rule 651(c) certificate, which read

as follows:

                       “1. I was appointed by the Court to represent Defendant on a pro se

               post-conviction petition.

                       2. I met personally with Defendant and discussed his post-conviction

               petition.

                                                - 10 -
                      3. I was provided by the Douglas County Circuit Clerk with the common

              law record of proceedings in the above cause which I examined to the extent I

              deemed necessary to understand Defendant’s post-conviction petition and earlier

              proceedings in this case. Further I was furnished with a transcript of proceedings

              which included a transcript of Defendant’s guilty plea.

                      4. After the above review I determined that no amendment of Defendant’s

              post-conviction petition was necessary to understand his claimed constitutional

              violations.”

¶ 16          Defendant again appeals, maintaining that the record still fails to show substantial

compliance with Rule 651(c).

¶ 17                                    II. ANALYSIS

¶ 18                    A. The Capital Ineligibility of Defendants Who

                        Were Guilty Only on a Theory of Accountability

¶ 19          Under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 651(c) (eff. July 1, 2017), the record must

“contain a showing, which may be made by the certificate of” the appointed postconviction

attorney, that the attorney has discharged certain duties. One such duty is to “ma[k]e any

amendments to the petitions filed pro se that are necessary for an adequate presentation of [the]

petitioner’s contentions.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 651(c) (eff. July 1, 2017). We decide de novo, that is,

without any deference to the circuit court’s decision (People v. Johnson, 2021 IL 125738, ¶ 28),

whether the record shows compliance with Rule 651(c). See People v. Suarez, 224 Ill. 2d 37, 41-42

(2007).

¶ 20          “The filing of a Rule 651(c) certificate gives rise to a presumption that

postconviction counsel provided reasonable assistance during second-stage proceedings under the

                                             - 11 -
Act.” People v. Jones, 2011 IL App (1st) 092529, ¶ 23; see also Suarez, 224 Ill. 2d at 42 (holding

that petitioners are entitled to a reasonable level of assistance from postconviction counsel). “It

falls on the defendant to overcome that presumption by demonstrating counsel’s failure to

substantially comply with the duties mandated by Rule 651(c).” Jones, 2011 IL App (1st) 092529,

¶ 23.

¶ 21           With respect to amendments, the duty of postconviction counsel, again, is to

“ma[k]e any amendments to the petitions filed pro se that are necessary for an adequate

presentation of petitioner’s contentions.” (Emphasis added.) Ill. S. Ct. R. 651(c) (eff. July 1, 2017).

Rule 651(d) requires postconviction counsel to amend the pro se petition only to perfect the claims

already set forth (imperfectly) in the pro se petition. See People v. Pendleton, 223 Ill. 2d 458,

475-76 (2006). Postconviction counsel has to read the pro se petition, ascertain the claims that the

defendant intended to assert therein, and make whatever nonfrivolous amendments are necessary

for an adequate presentation of the defendant’s claims. Because a reasonable level of assistance is

what postconviction counsel owes the defendant (see Suarez, 224 Ill. 2d at 42), postconviction

counsel’s interpretation of the pro se petition must be reasonable. If, from the text of the pro se

petition, the defendant’s intention to assert a particular claim would be discernable to a reasonable

reader, postconviction counsel is expected to discern that claim and to make whatever amendments

to the petition are necessary to present that claim correctly and completely.

¶ 22           This was defendant’s pro se claim, to quote from his brief: “In his pro se petition,

[defendant] alleged he was actually innocent based on an affidavit from his co-defendant, Yusef

Brown, and that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to interview Brown before trial.”

Defendant admits that his “pro se claim of innocence ultimately fails because [he] could have been

culpable for the murder even if Brown were the actual shooter, under a theory of accountability.”

                                                - 12 -
Nevertheless, defendant contends that “the allegations and affidavits of [his] pro se pleading also

support a cognizable claim that his 2009 guilty plea was involuntary.” By failing to interview

Brown, defendant argues, plea counsel failed to discover that he could be found guilty of Martin’s

murder only on a theory of accountability. The severest penalty that defendant could have received

on a theory of accountability was life imprisonment, not death. See 720 ILCS 5/9-1(b)(6)(a)(i),

(15) (West 2006); see also Enmund v. Florida, 458 U.S. 782, 797, 801 (1982). By falsely advising

him that if he went to trial and were found guilty, he could be sentenced to death, plea counsel

rendered ineffective assistance, defendant argues, making his guilty plea involuntary.

¶ 23           The trouble is, nowhere in his pro se petition for postconviction relief does

defendant claim that his guilty plea was involuntary, let alone that it was involuntary because of

plea counsel’s failure to advise him of the capital ineligibility of someone who was guilty merely

by accountability. To be sure, defendant alleges in his pro se petition that plea counsel “kept on

saying[,] ‘[I]f you don’t plea[d] guilty[,] you will get the death penalty.’ ” According to the pro se

petition, however, what made that advice unreasonable was that defendant was actually innocent—

as, supposedly, plea counsel would have discovered by interviewing Brown—not that defendant

was guilty by accountability. Defendant expects of his postconviction counsel a strained reading

of the pro se petition that goes beyond reasonableness. Defendant “interprets” into existence a new

claim that is not reasonably discernable from the text of his pro se petition.

¶ 24           In sum, a postconviction counsel’s duty of amendment under Rule 651(c) is limited

to the claims the defendant already has made, incompletely or imperfectly, in the pro se petition.

See Pendleton, 223 Ill. 2d at 475-76; People v. Richardson, 382 Ill. App. 3d 248, 258 (2008). In

his pro se petition, defendant never claimed that his guilty plea was involuntary, let alone that it

was involuntary because of plea counsel’s neglect to advise him that defendants guilty of murder

                                                - 13 -
only on a theory of accountability were ineligible for the death penalty. Instead, his pro se claim

was that by failing to interview Brown, plea counsel failed to discover that defendant was actually

innocent of murder and that, because of his actual innocence of murder, he was ineligible for the

death penalty (or any punishment at all). The pro se petition cannot be plausibly interpreted as

intending to assert the claim that defendant asserts now. Consequently, he fails to rebut the

presumption that postconviction counsel “made any amendments to the petition[ ] filed pro se that

[were] necessary for an adequate presentation of [the] petitioner’s contentions.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 651(c)

(eff. July 1, 2017); see also Jones, 2011 IL App (1st) 092529, ¶ 23.

¶ 25                                     B. Time Limitation

¶ 26            Defendant took no direct appeal from his conviction and sentence. Section 122-1(c)

of the Act provides that “[i]f a defendant does not file a direct appeal, the post-conviction petition

shall be filed no later than 3 years from the date of conviction, unless the petitioner alleges facts

showing that the delay was not due to his or her culpable negligence.” 725 ILCS 5/122-1(c) (West

2016). But the statute adds, “This limitation does not apply to a petition advancing a claim of actual

innocence.” Id. Thus, although defendant’s claim of actual innocence would not be subject to the

three-year limitation, his claim of ineffective assistance would be subject to the limitation—unless

his petition alleged facts showing that the delay was not due to his culpable negligence. See id.

Defendant criticizes his postconviction counsel for failing to amend the pro se petition so as to

allege facts showing that defendant’s delay in bringing his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim

was not due to his culpable negligence. See People v. Perkins, 229 Ill. 2d 34, 44 (2007) (explaining

that “[a]n adequate or proper presentation of a petitioner’s substantive claims necessarily includes

attempting to overcome procedural bars, including timeliness, that will result in dismissal of a

petition if not rebutted”).

                                                - 14 -
¶ 27           The claim of ineffective assistance, however, was premised on the claim of actual

innocence. According to the pro se petition, plea counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing

to interview Brown and, as a consequence, failing to discover the evidence of defendant’s actual

innocence of Martin’s murder. As defendant admits in his brief, however, his “pro se claim of

innocence ultimately fails because defendant could have been culpable for the murder even if

Brown were the actual shooter, under a theory of accountability.” If the premise of the ineffective

assistance claim—the premise of actual innocence—fails on its merits, so does the ineffectiveness

claim, regardless of whether it could be shown to be timely. Therefore, we need not reach the

question of whether postconviction counsel should have amended the pro se petition so as to show

an absence of culpable negligence in waiting more than three years to raise the ineffectiveness

claim. In any event, the theory of ineffective assistance propounded by the pro se petition is

substantively deficient, resting as it does on the misguided theory of actual innocence.

¶ 28           C. Meeting With Defendant to Ascertain His Constitutional Claims

¶ 29           Another showing the record must make—a showing that likewise may be made by

a Rule 651(c) certificate—is that “the attorney has consulted with petitioner by phone, mail,

electronic means or in person to ascertain his or her contentions of deprivation of constitutional

rights.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 651(c) (eff. July 1, 2017). Defendant contends that although the new Rule

651(c) certificate states that the attorney “met personally” with defendant and “discussed his

post-conviction petition,” the certificate fails to specify that the attorney “attempted to ascertain

the factual basis underlying defendant’s constitutional claims during this discussion.” But Rule

651(c) says nothing about “factual bases.” Instead, Rule 651(c) requires the postconviction counsel

to “consult[ ] with” the defendant “to ascertain his or her contentions of deprivation of

constitutional rights.” Such contentions are in the pro se petition, and according to the Rule 651(c)

                                               - 15 -
certificate, postconviction counsel met with defendant and discussed the petition. Also,

postconviction counsel told the circuit court, “I had a chance to speak to [defendant]. He indicated

to me at that time there wasn’t any additional claims that he wanted to make.” Therefore, we find

substantial compliance with Rule 651(c). See People v. Profit, 2012 IL App (1st) 101307, ¶ 18

(noting that “[s]ubstantial compliance with Rule 651(c) is sufficient.”).

¶ 30                                   III. CONCLUSION

¶ 31           The presumption of reasonable assistance raised by the Rule 651(c) certificate is

unrebutted. Therefore, we affirm the circuit court’s judgment.

¶ 32           Affirmed.

                                               - 16 -