Court Opinion

ID: 1044508
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-08 02:13:13.007512+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:09:46.557522
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT JACKSON
                          Assigned on Briefs January 8, 2013

               MICHAEL L. SMITH v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lake County
                     No. 11-CR-9640     R. Lee Moore, Jr., Judge

                 No. W2012-01604-CCA-R3-HC - Filed July 15, 2013

Petitioner, Michael L. Smith, appeals from the trial court’s summary dismissal of the pro se
petition for habeas corpus relief filed by Petitioner. After a thorough review of the record
and the briefs, we affirm the judgment of the habeas corpus trial court.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

THOMAS T. WOODALL, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which JERRY L. SMITH and
D. KELLY THOMAS, JR., JJ., joined.

Michael L. Smith, Pro Se.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Meredith Devault, Assistant Attorney
General; and C. Phillip Bivens, District Attorney General, for the appellee, the State of
Tennessee.

                                        OPINION

Background

       On July 24, 1986, Petitioner pled guilty to armed robbery, a Class X crime, that
occurred on February 25, 1986. He received an agreed upon forty-year sentence as a Range
II, Aggravated and Persistent offender. The plea agreement stated that the parole eligibility
date would be at 40%, and the agreement also stated that Petitioner’s sentence “may result
in revocation of parole in [the] State of Wisconsin. Wisconsin may then order that sentence
consecutive (in addition to - on top of his Tennessee sentence.)” The judgment entered on
July 24, 1986, reflected a 50% parole release eligibility date. An amended judgment was
entered on that same date reflecting a 40% parole release eligibility date.
        Petitioner filed his first petition for post-conviction relief on July 22, 1987, which he
moved to withdraw, and on April 11, 1988, the trial court dismissed the petition. Michael
L. Smith v.State, No. 1176, 1991 WL 64550 (Tenn. Crim. App. April 26, 1991) perm. app.
denied (Tenn. Dept. 9, 1991). On June 30, 1989, Petitioner filed another petition for post-
conviction relief essentially raising the same grounds as the first petition. The post-
conviction court then dismissed the petition without an evidentiary hearing holding that all
issues had been waived because Petitioner had an opportunity to present them in his first
petition “but, at his own request, decided not to do so.” Id. at *1. On appeal, this Court held
that the post-conviction court erred in concluding that all of Petitioner’s claims for relief had
been waived and remanded the cased for an evidentiary hearing. Id. at *2. After an
evidentiary hearing, the post-conviction court denied the post-conviction petition, and this
Court affirmed the denial on appeal. Michael L. Smith v. State, No. 03-C-01-9205-CR-
00157, 1993 WL 46587 (Tenn. Crim. App. Feb. 24, 1993) perm. app. denied (Tenn. June
1, 1993).

        On March 15, 1994, Petitioner filed a third petition for post-conviction relief alleging
that his counsel in his second post-conviction proceeding was ineffective. The post-
conviction court denied the petition without an evidentiary hearing. On appeal, this Court
affirmed the denial holding that the petition was barred by the three-year statute of
limitations and that the Post-Conviction Procedure Act did not provide a remedy for errors
of counsel in post-conviction suits. Michael L. Smith v. State, No. 03C01-9501-CR-00010,
1995 WL 380083 (Tenn. Crim. App. June 22, 1995) perm. app. denied (Tenn. Nov. 6,
1995).

        On August 10, 2004, Petitioner filed a pro se petition for writ of habeas corpus. He
alleged that his guilty plea was not knowing and voluntary “in that it was based on a ‘non-
existent’ statutory waiver of rights to accurately inform him or misrepresented to him the law
regarding the acceptance of his guilty plea.” The trial court summarily dismissed the petition
concluding that Petitioner failed to present a cognizable claim for relief. This court affirmed
the trial court’s denial. Michael L. Smith v. State, No. E2004-02752-CCA-R3-HC, 2005
WL 1651744 (Tenn. Crim. App. July 13, 2005).

      On November 10, 2011, Petitioner filed a second petition for writ of habeas corpus.
He argued:

       The defendant was sentenced under the Class X Sentence Law and the
       judgment order has him charged in multiple ranges (Range II, persistent and
       habitual criminal). The defendant was sentenced at 50%, but TOMIS
       Offender Sentence Letter indicates 40% [.] Tennessee Department of
       Corrections lacks jurisdiction to correct or change a order of the court.

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Petitioner noted that in accordance with the “Sentencing Act of 1989,” aggravated robbery
was a Class B felony with a sentencing range of twelve to twenty years at thirty-five percent
for a Range II multiple offender, and twenty to thirty years at forty percent for a Range III
persistent offender. Petitioner argued that he could not be charged with “multiple ranges
and convicted in this manner.”

       Petitioner also asserted that at the time of his conviction, he had only two prior
felonies which made him a Range II multiple offender and that he was sentenced outside the
established guidelines for a Range II offender. Finally, he alleged that there was a
discrepancy in the length of sentence that he received and the length that he would have
received under the Sentencing Reform Act of 1989. More specifically, Petitioner stated:

       The Sentence Reform Act of 1989 states Aggravated [Robbery] as a Class B
       felony, at only the Career Offender Range could you encompass a sentence of
       40 years, but the percentage could exceed 50% to 60%. This solely displays
       the reasoning, that the defendant was or may have been convicted as a career
       offender, outside the guidance established Tennessee’s General Assembly.

        The habeas corpus court denied the petitioner’s petition finding that Petitioner failed
to state a cognizable claim for habeas corpus relief. The trial court further stated:

       Discrepancies between the sentence in 1986 and what a sentence for the same
       offense or offenses might have been after the Sentencing Act of 1989, do not
       render the judgment void or illegal. In fact, there is no allegation of fact that
       would make the judgment void or illegal. At best the judgment is voidable.

Analysis

       On appeal, Petitioner argues that the judgment in his case was “void/voidable”
because there was a mistake on the judgment form indicating that his sentence was to be
served at fifty percent. He also argues that he was illegally sentenced under the “Habitual
Criminal Law and a Class X Crime” and that he should be resentenced under the Tennessee
Sentencing Reform Act of 1989. Petitioner asserts that his sentence was excessive because
he was sentenced outside of the range for a Range II offender, and he contends that he
received ineffective assistance of trial counsel.

       The right to habeas corpus relief is available “only when ‘it appears upon the face of
the judgment or the record of the proceedings upon which the judgment is rendered’ that a
convicting court was without jurisdiction or authority to sentence a defendant, or that a
defendant’s sentence of imprisonment or other restraint has expired.” Summers v. State, 212

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S.W.3d 251, 255 (Tenn. 2007) (quoting Archer v. State, 851 S.W.2d 157, 164 (Tenn.
1993)). In contrast to a post-conviction petition, a habeas corpus petition is used to challenge
void and not merely voidable judgments. Summers, 212 S.W.3d at 255-56. A voidable
judgment is one that is facially valid and requires proof beyond the face of the record or
judgment to establish its invalidity. Id. at 256; Dykes v. Compton, 978 S.W.2d 528, 529
(Tenn. 1998). A void judgment “is one in which the judgment is facially invalid because
the court lacked jurisdiction or authority to render the judgment.” Taylor v. State, 995
S.W.2d 78, 83 (Tenn. 1999); Dykes, 978 S.W.2d at 529.

       A petitioner bears the burden of proving a void judgment or illegal confinement by
a preponderance of the evidence. Wyatt v. State, 24 S.W.3d 319, 322 (Tenn. 2000). A trial
court may summarily dismiss a petition for writ of habeas corpus without the appointment
of counsel and without an evidentiary hearing if there is nothing on the face of the judgment
to indicate that the convictions addressed therein are void. See Summers, 212 S.W.3d at
260; Hickman v. State, 153 S.W.3d 16, 20 (Tenn. 2004).

      The determination of whether habeas corpus relief should be granted is a question of
law. Summers, 212 S.W.3d at 255; Hart v. State, 21 S.W.3d 901, 903 (Tenn. 2000).
Therefore, our review is de novo with no presumption of correctness given to the findings
and conclusions of the lower court. Summers, 212 S.W.3d at 255; State v. Livingston, 197
S.W.3d 710, 712 (Tenn. 2006).

      The procedural requirements for habeas corpus relief are mandatory and must be
scrupulously followed. Summers, 212 S.W.3d at 260; Hickman, 153 S.W.3d at 19-20;
Archer, 851 S.W.2d at 165. The formal requirements for an application or petition for writ
of habeas corpus are found at T.C.A. § 29-21-107:

       (a) Application for the writ shall be made by petition, signed by either the
       party for whose benefit it is intended, or some person on the petitioner’s
       behalf, and verified by affidavit.

       (b) The petition shall state:

              (1) That the person in whose behalf the writ is sought, is illegally
              restrained of liberty, and the person by whom and place where
              restrained, mentioning the name of such person, if known, and if
              unknown, describing the person with as much particularity as practicable;

              (2) The cause or pretense of such restraint according to the best
              information of the applicant, and if it be by virtue of any legal process,

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               a copy thereof shall be annexed, or a satisfactory reason given for its
               absence;

               (3) That the legality of the restraint has not already been adjudged upon
               a prior proceeding of the same character, to the best of the applicant’s
               knowledge and belief; and

               (4) That it is the first application for the writ, or, if a previous
               application has been made, a copy of the petition and proceedings there
               shall be produced, or satisfactory reasons should be given for the
               failure to do so.

T.C.A. § 29-21-107.

        Initially we point out, as argued by the State, that Petitioner in this case failed to
comply with the mandatory requirements for habeas corpus relief. First, Petitioner failed to
state that he had previously sought habeas corpus relief from the present judgment or attach
“a copy of the petition and proceedings . . . or [give] satisfactory reasons . . . for the failure
to do so.” T.C.A. § 29-21-107(b)(4). In his petition, Petitioner stated: “Petitioner aver[s]
that this is his first application for Writ of Habeas Corpus of this judgment and that that the
legality of such restraints has not been adjudged in a prior proceeding of the same
character.” However, as previously discussed, Petitioner filed a petition for writ of habeas
corpus challenging his judgment in this case on August 10, 2004, and he appealed the denial
of his petition to this Court. Michael L. Smith v. State, No. E2004-02752-CCA-R3-HC,
2005 WL 1651744 (Tenn. Crim. App. July 13, 2005). Petitioner also failed to comply with
T.C.A. § 29-21-107(a) by failing to verify his petition by affidavit. “A habeas corpus court
may properly choose to dismiss a petition for failing to comply with the statutory procedural
requirements. . . .” Summers, 212 S.W.3d at 260; Hickman, 153 S.W.3d at 21.

         Although Petitioner failed to follow the procedural requirements necessary for habeas
review, we will briefly address his claims. Petitioner seeks review of his sentence claiming
that he was sentenced outside of his range and that he should be resentenced under the
Tennessee Sentencing Reform Act of 1989. However, Petitioner received the sentence that
was agreed upon in his plea agreement under the 1982 Sentencing Act. “[A] knowing and
voluntary guilty plea waives any irregularity as to offender classification or release
eligibility.” Hicks v. State, 945 S.W.2d 706, 709 (Tenn. 1997). Under the applicable law
at the time Petitioner was sentenced, a term of imprisonment of not less than ten years to life
imprisonment was authorized for the crime of robbery accomplished by the use of a deadly
weapon. T.C.A. § 39-2-501(1982)(repealed 1989); See also Steve V. Walker v. State, No.
W2006-01170-CCA-R3-HC, 2007 WL 2935620, at *1, 3 (Tenn. Crim. App. Oct. 9, 2007).

                                               -5-
Therefore, Petitioner’s sentence was proper. Petitioner also argues that there was a mistake
on the judgment form indicating that his sentence was to be served at fifty percent rather
than the agreed-upon forty percent. However, as previously noted, an amended judgment
was later entered reflecting the correct release eligibility of forty percent.

       Finally, Petitioner argues that he received ineffective assistance of trial counsel. First,
we note that this issue was not raised in the trial court in Petitioner’s habeas corpus petition.
Therefore, it is waived. Tenn. R. App. P. 36(a). Claims of ineffective assistance of counsel
are not cognizable grounds for habeas corpus relief. Passarella v. State, 891 S.W.2d 619,
627 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994).

       It is obvious that nothing in the record indicates that Petitioner’s conviction or
sentence is void. The habeas corpus trial court may summarily dismiss a habeas corpus
petition without an evidentiary hearing if there is nothing on the face of the record or
judgment to indicate that the conviction or sentence are void. Passarella, 891 S.W.2d at
627; see also Tenn. Code Ann. § 29-21-109 (2010 Repl.). Petitioner is not entitled to relief
on appeal. The judgment of the habeas corpus trial court is affirmed.

                                                     _________________________________
                                                     THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE

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