Court Opinion

ID: 4111241
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-12-27 16:15:58.402173+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:37:15.875056
License: Public Domain

ACCEPTED
                                                                                         03-16-00039-CV
                                                                                               14434525
                                                                              THIRD COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                         AUSTIN, TEXAS
                                                                                   12/22/2016 4:17:57 PM
                                                                                       JEFFREY D. KYLE
                                                                                                  CLERK
                              No. 03-16-00039-CV
                       In the Third Court of Appeals        FILED IN
                                                     3rd COURT OF APPEALS
                               Austin, Texas              AUSTIN, TEXAS
                    ______________________________ 12/22/2016 4:17:57 PM
                                                               JEFFREY D. KYLE
                TEXAS ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE             COMMISSION, Clerk
                                                           Appellant,
                                          v.

                      MARK ANTHONY BREWING, INC.,
                                              Appellee.
                    ______________________________

On Appeal from the 345th Judicial District Court of Travis County, Texas
                ______________________________

                     REPLY BRIEF OF APPELLANT
               TEXAS ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE COMMISSION
                  ______________________________

KEN PAXTON                                     NICHOLE BUNKER-HENDERSON
Attorney General of Texas                      Chief, Administrative Law Division

JEFFREY C. MATEER                              KAREN L. WATKINS
First Assistant Attorney General               Assistant Attorney General
                                               State Bar No. 20927425
BRANTLEY STARR                                 P. O. Box 12548
Deputy First Assistant Attorney General        Austin, Texas 78711-2548
                                               Karen.Watkins@oag.texas.gov
JAMES E. DAVIS                                 Telephone: (512) 475-4300
Deputy Attorney General for Litigation         Facsimile: (512) 320-0167

                      ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED
                                             TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents ................................................................................................................... ii
Index of Authorities .............................................................................................................. iv
Summary of the Argument .................................................................................................... 1
Argument And Authorities ................................................................................................... 3

I.        The trial court erred by allowing Mark Anthony to assert its First Amendment
          challenge to section 102.01 (h) for the first time after trial ................................... 4
          A.        Section 102.01(h) regulates conduct, not speech......................................... 4
          B.        Mark Anthony’s arguments on appeal demonstrate how TABC was
                    prejudiced by the trial court’s error ............................................................... 6
II.       The First Amendment does not protect Mark Anthony’s use of TGIF’s name
          and marks because that speech relates to illegal activity. ....................................... 7
          A.        The First Amendment does not protect all speech about “lawful
                    products,” as Mark Anthony suggests .......................................................... 8
          B.        Mark Anthony’s Amended Licensing Agreement with TGIF-MN
                    violates section 102.01(h) ............................................................................. 11
                    1.         Section 102.01 (h) prohibits relationships that allow cross-tier
                               control of a permittee’s “business or interests ............................... 11
                    2.        The Amended Licensing Agreement allows TGIF to direct various
                              aspects of Mark Anthony’s business ................................................ 15

                    3.        Mark Anthony’s arguments that section 102.01(h) does not mean
                              what it says are unavailing .................................................................. 17
III.      Even if Mark Anthony’s labels had been entitled to First Amendment
          protection, Texas’ “thing of value” statutes and rules are constitutional .......... 23
          A.        Texas has a significant interest in maintaining its three-tier system for
                    more than the protection of retailer independence ................................... 24

                                                                   ii
          B.        Prohibiting a manufacturer from using a retailer's name on its products
                    directly advances Texas' interest in maintaining separation between the
                    tiers .................................................................................................................. 25
          C.        There is a good fit between the thing-of-value statutes and rules and
                    preservation of the three-tier system .......................................................... 26
IV.       Even If The Proposed Labels Had Been Protected Commercial Speech, the
          Challenged Statutes And Rules Do Not Violate The First Amendment ........... 28
Conclusion and Prayer ......................................................................................................... 28
Certificate of Compliance .................................................................................................... 30
Certificate of Service ............................................................................................................ 31

                                                                    iii
                                         INDEX OF AUTHORITIES

CASES

44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island,
517 U.S. 484 n.4 (1996) ........................................................................................................ 21
Cadena Comercial USA Corp. v. Tex. Alcoholic Beverage Comm’n,
449 S.W.3d 154 (Tex. App.—Austin 2014, pet. granted). ......................................... 13, 21

Central Hudson Gas & Elec. v. Public Service Commission,
447 U.S. 557 (1980). ..................................................................................................... 2, 8, 24

Entergy Gulf States, Inc. v. Summers,
282 S.W.3d 433 (Tex. 2009) ................................................................................................ 12

Ford Motor Co. v. Texas Department of Tranportation,
264 F.3d 493 (5th) Cir. 2001) ........................................................................................... 9, 10

Giboney v. Empire Storage & Ice Co.,
336 U.S. 490 (1949) ........................................................................................................ 18, 19

In re M.M.M.,
428 S.W.3d 389 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. denied) ........................ 24

In re M.N.,
262 S.W.3d 799, 802 (Tex. 2008) ........................................................................................ 12

K Mart Corp. v. Cartier, Inc.,
485 U.S. 176 (1988) .............................................................................................................. 19

Neel v. Texas Liquor Control Board,
259 S.W.2d 312 (Tex. App.—Austin 1953, writ ref’d, n.r.e.) .................................... 21, 22

Nootsie, Ltd. v. Williamson Cty. Appraisal Dist.,
925 S.W.2d 659 (Tex. 1996) ................................................................................................ 12

                                                                 iv
Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Commission on Human Relations,
413 U.S. 376 (1973) .......................................................................................................... 9, 10

Retail Digital Network, LLC v. Appellsmith,
810 F.3d 638 (9th Cir, 2016)................................................................................................. 24

Retail Digital Network, LLC v. Gorsuch,
No. 13-56069, 2016 WL 6790810 (9th Cir. Nov. 16, 2016) ............................................ 24

Stockton v. Offenbach,
336 S.W.3d 610 (Tex. 2011) ................................................................................................ 18

TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Co. v. Combs,
340 S.W.3d 432 (Tex. 2011) ................................................................................................ 12

TIC Energy and Chem., Inc. v. Martin,
498 S.W.3d 68 (Tex. 2016) .................................................................................................. 12

STATUTES

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 1.03 ................................................................................................ 13

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 5.31(b)(1) ...................................................................................... 30

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 5.31(b)(2) ...................................................................................... 30

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 5.31(b)3)                                                                                                30

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 6.03(i) ............................................................................................ 21

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 102.01 (a) ...................................................................................... 31
Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 102.01 (b)...................................................................................... 31

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 102.01(h). ...............................................................................passim

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 102.07(a) ....................................................................................... 31

                                                                 v
Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 1.04(11) ......................................................................................... 13

Tex. Gov’t Code § 311.011(a) ............................................................................................. 16

Tex. Gov’t Code § 311.023(5)............................................................................................. 12

RULES

16 Tex. Admin. Code § 45.110 (c)(3) ................................................................................... 4

Commission’s Rules 45.110(c)(7) ....................................................................................... 23

Commission’s Rules 45.82(a)(7).......................................................................................... 23

Commission’s Rules 45.110(c)(3) ....................................................................................... 23

Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(1) .................................................................................................... 24

                                                               vi
OTHER AUTHORITIES
Black’s Law Dictionary 239 (10th ed. 2014) ..................................................................... 14

DICTIONARY.COM, http://www.dictionary.com/browse/manage?s=t
(last visited Dec. 16, 2016). ..................................................................................... 13

                                                         vii
                               No. 03-16-00039-CV
                       In the Third Court of Appeals
                               Austin, Texas
                    ______________________________
                TEXAS ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE COMMISSION,
                                            Appellant,
                                 v.

                      MARK ANTHONY BREWING, INC.,
                                              Appellee.
                    ______________________________

On Appeal from the 345th Judicial District Court of Travis County, Texas
                ______________________________

                     REPLY BRIEF OF APPELLANT
               TEXAS ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE COMMISSION
                  ______________________________

TO THE HONORABLE JUSTICES OF THE THIRD COURT OF APPEALS:

      COMES NOW Appellant Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission, by and

through its attorney of record, Ken Paxton, Attorney General of Texas, and the

undersigned assistant attorney general, and replies to the Brief of Appellee Mark

Anthony Brewing, Inc., (hereafter “MAB Brief”) in this case.

                      SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

      During the trial of this case, Mark Anthony never alleged that, if Texas Alcoholic

Beverage Code section 102.01(h) must be read to prevent manufacturers from licensing
intellectual property also used by retailers, it amounts to a prior restraint on commercial

speech rights.1 Because Mark Anthony made that argument for the first time after trial,

TABC was unaware of any need to adduce evidence of the significant governmental

interests section 102.01(h) serves, the problems the section was intended to prevent, or

the degree to which the statute ameliorates those problems. The trial court erred by

tacitly concluding that the First Amendment challenges Mark Anthony had asserted

included a challenge to section 102.01(h).

       Section 102.01(h) is relevant for other reasons. It prevents a permittee in one

tier from agreeing to allow a permittee in a different tier any degree of control over its

business, even if the control is indirect. Because Mark Anthony’s Amended Licensing

Agreement with TGIF-MN allows a retailer to exercise indirect control over many

aspects of Mark Anthony’s business, the Agreement violates section 102.01(h). Mark

Anthony’s proposed use of the TGIF name and trademarks on its labels is, therefore,

speech related to an illegal activity that the First Amendment does not protect.

       However, even if the First Amendment had protected Mark Anthony’s proposed

speech, the statutes and rules Mark Anthony timely challenged satisfy all of the

requirements of Central Hudson Gas & Elec. v. Public Service Commission. 447 U.S. 557

(1980). The statutes directly advance Texas’ interests in maintaining separation of the

tiers of the alcoholic beverage industry and preventing the creation of tied houses.

1
  Mark Anthony also did not allege that section 102.01(h) unconstitutionally impairs its contractual
rights. SCR 3-18.
                                                  2
Prohibiting a manufacturer’s use of a retailer’s name on its products removes the

manufacturer’s incentive to enter into an agreement that, at least according to Mark

Anthony’s expert, would almost certainly involve impermissible control of a member

of one tier by a member of another. The alternatives that Mark Anthony suggests are

not true alternatives. One rests on the erroneous assumption that TABC would know

about all agreements that every industry member signed. The other requires creation of

a tied house before TABC can act.

                      ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES

      The question that lies at the heart of this case is whether, by entering into an

agreement with the affiliate of retailer, a manufacturer can evade the barriers that

otherwise prevent it from beginning to vertically integrate with a retailer. TABC

respectfully submits that it cannot. Mark Anthony, a manufacturer, wants to put the

tradename and trademarks used by a retailer, TGI FRiDAY’S on the labels for its

product. It acquired the right to use that name and those marks by entering into an

agreement that allows TGIF to control, albeit indirectly, various aspects of Mark

Anthony’s business.     Because Texas prohibits that type of control, the First

Amendment does not protect Mark Anthony’s proposed speech. However, even if the

labels had contained protected speech, the statutes and rules that Mark Anthony timely

challenged are a good fit to further the significant interest the State of Texas has in

preventing the creation of tied houses.

                                          3
I.     The trial court erred by allowing Mark Anthony to assert its First
       Amendment challenge to section 102.01 (h) for the first time after trial.

       A.      Section 102.01(h) regulates conduct, not speech.

       Mark Anthony argues that it timely asserted a constitutional challenge to section

102.01(h) because: (a) Mark Anthony sought a declaratory judgment that “any other

statutory provisions, if they must be read to prohibit such labels, are unconstitutional

under the First Amendment,” (emphasis added); and (b) TABC argued that the labels

were illegal speech because they violated Rule 45.110(c)(3). MAB Brief at 67-68.

Neither argument excuses the trial court’s error.

       First, TABC does not contend that the labels are illegal speech because they

violate Rule 45.110(c)(3).2 Instead, TABC contends that the labels are not entitled to

First Amendment protection because they relate to activity that violates section

102.01(h), i.e., a manufacturer’s agreeing to allow a retailer control over any aspect of

the manufacturer’s business. Appellant’s Brief at 10.

       Second, Mark Anthony correctly reports that it sought a declaration of

unconstitutionality of any statute that must be read to prohibit the proposed labels.

However, TABC never asked the Court to read section 102.01(h) to prohibit the labels

because section 102.01(h) regulates conduct, not speech. The section provides that:

       [n]o permittee may enter with a permittee of a different level or with
       another person or legal entity into a conspiracy or agreement to control
       or manage, financially or administratively, directly or indirectly, in any

2
  Of course, the labels do violate Rule 45.110(c)(3) because they result from Mark Anthony’s having
entered into a prohibited agreement with TGIF-MN. 16 Tex. Admin. Code § 45.110(c)(3).
                                                4
       form or degree, the business or interests of a permittee of a different level.

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 102.01(h). TABC contended that, by entering into an agreement

that allowed TGIF indirect control over aspects of its business, Mark Anthony violated

section 102.01(h). Because the speech on the labels related to that illegal conduct,

TABC argued that the labels were not entitled to First Amendment protection. 2 RR

30.

       Mark Anthony tries to transform section 102.01(h)’s prohibition on conduct into

a restriction on speech with its expert’s testimony that every trademark licensing

agreement “has to have” quality control provisions.3 MAB Brief at 60. Mark Anthony’s

tacit argument is that: (a) because all trademark licensing agreements will contain quality

control provisions,4 (b) TABC’s contention that section 102.01(h) prohibits this

Licensing Agreement is the equivalent of a contention that section 102.01(h) prohibits

all trademark licensing agreements, and, (c) therefore, section 102.01(h) amounts to an

improper restraint on speech. There are a number of problems with this argument.

       First, Mark Anthony cannot transform section 102.01(h) into a restraint on

speech by offering expert witness testimony about licensing agreements and the

3
   Although Mark Anthony characterizes all of the Amended Agreement’s control provisions as
“quality control” measures, the Agreement allows control over more of the business than the product
intended to bear the TGIF name and trademarks. See Section II. B. 1., below.
4
   Mark Anthony incorrectly states, on page 20 of its Brief, that “TABC’s marketing expert and its
trademark license agreement expert” testified that quality control provisions are standard in trademark
licensing agreements. Emphasis added. The individuals who so testified were Mark Anthony’s
experts.
                                                  5
requirements of trademark law. Second, because TGIF-MN owned the name and

marks that Mark Anthony proposed to use on its labels, Mark Anthony had no right to

engage in its proposed speech before licensing the intellectual property from TGIF-

MN. Section 102.01(h) did not prohibit Mark Anthony from licensing intellectual

property to put on its labels, but it did prohibit Mark Anthony from entering into an

agreement that allowed a member of another tier to control any part of its business,

even indirectly.

       Because Mark Anthony never alleged that section 102.01(h) was unconstitutional

and TABC never contended that section 102.01(h) must be read to prohibit Mark

Anthony’s labels, the trial court erred by tacitly concluding that Mark Anthony had

timely challenged the constitutionality of section 102.01(h).

       B.    Mark Anthony’s arguments on appeal demonstrate how TABC was
       prejudiced by the trial court’s error.

       Mark Anthony’s brief underscores the prejudice TABC suffered as a result of the

trial court’s error. For example, Mark Anthony contends that TABC never adduced

evidence of the harm section 102.01(h) was intended to prevent. MAB Brief at 18-21,

and 70-71. Mark Anthony also observes that a state must prove that a “‘preventative

measure’ restricting commercial speech”5 will contribute to solving the serious

problem it was intended to address and complains that TABC offered no such evidence.

5
  Again, section 102.01(h) does not even purport to regulate speech; instead, it expressly governs the
conduct of TABC’s permittees.

                                                  6
MAB Brief at 22 (emphasis added). The Court should not blame TABC for failing to

adduce evidence on a claim Mark Anthony did not assert.

       From the beginning of trial through closing arguments, Mark Anthony

mentioned section 102.01(h) only once: to assert that TABC’s argument that the

Licensing Agreement violated section 102.01(h) was not before the court. See e.g., CR

57. Nothing in the “decision tree” Mark Anthony submitted to the trial court includes

a mention of the constitutionality of section 102.01(h); in fact, the only statutes it

discussed were the “thing of value” statutes. Id. That litigation stance and a request

that the trial court declare unconstitutional “any other statutory provisions, if they must

be read to prohibit such labels” do not equate to an allegation that section 102.01(h) is

an unconstitutional restraint on Mark Anthony’s commercial speech rights. Because

Mark Anthony did not timely challenge the constitutionality of section 102.01(h), the

trial court erred by considering the claim.

II.    The First Amendment does not protect Mark Anthony’s use of TGIF’s
       name and marks because that speech relates to illegal activity.

       Although the First Amendment does not protect commercial speech related to

illegal activity, obviating any need for an analysis under Central Hudson, Mark Anthony

addresses the legality of its proposed speech only at the end of its brief.6 MAB Brief at

66-73. There, it argues only that: (1) speech concerns “lawful activity” if it is speech

6
  Mark Anthony includes some contentions in its Summary of the Argument that it advances nowhere
else in the Appellees’ Brief. TABC will address those arguments in this section.
                                               7
“regarding lawful products,” and (2) neither the United States Supreme Court’s opinion

in Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations, nor the Fifth Circuit’s

opinion in Ford Motor Co. v. Texas Department of Transportation, apply to this case. Neither

argument is sound. Furthermore, both fail to analyze Mark Anthony’s relationship with

TGIF-MN and its affiliates in light of the broad prohibition on cross-tier control and

management in section 102.01(h).

       A.     The First Amendment does not protect all speech about “lawful
              products,” as Mark Anthony suggests.

       Mark Anthony argues that speech concerns “lawful activity” if it is speech

“regarding lawful products.” MAB Brief at 68. From this statement, apparently the

Court is to infer that all speech regarding “lawful products” is protected, regardless of

the lawfulness of the activities surrounding the “lawful products.” The suggested

inference is NOT the law.

       First, as Mark Anthony acknowledges, the first step in the Central Hudson analysis

is to determine whether the speech at issue is “related to unlawful activity.” MAB Brief

at 12 and 24 (emphasis added), citing Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Public Serv.

Comm’n, 447 U.S. 557, 564 (1980).         As the United States Supreme Court there

recognized, “there can be no constitutional objection to the suppression of commercial

messages that do not accurately inform the public about lawful activity.” Central Hudson,
447 U.S. at 563. In other words, First Amendment protection does not extend to

“commercial speech related to illegal activity.” Id. at 563-64.

                                             8
      Second, the two cited cases are directly on point. In Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh

Commission on Human Relations, 413 U.S. 376 (1973), the United States Supreme Court

considered whether the city of Pittsburgh’s ordinance “forbidding newspapers to carry

‘help-wanted’ advertisements in sex-designated columns” violated the First and

Fourteenth Amendments. Id. at 378. The Court held that it did not, noting that

      [d]iscrimination in employment is not only commercial activity, it is illegal
      commercial activity under the Ordinance. We have no doubt that a
      newspaper constitutionally could be forbidden to publish a want ad
      proposing a sale of narcotics or soliciting prostitutes. Nor would the result
      be different if the nature of the transaction were indicated by placement
      under columns captioned “Narcotics for Sale” and “Prostitutes Wanted”
      rather than stated within the four corners of the advertisement.

Id. at 388 (footnote omitted). The Court also observed that, while employment

discrimination might be less overtly illegal than narcotics sales and prostitution, the

same principle should be applied. Id. In other words, an advertisement of illegal

conduct is not the type of commercial speech entitled to the protection of the First

Amendment.

      The Fifth Circuit more recently considered whether the State of Texas could

regulate economic conduct in a way that prevented an entity from publishing

commercial speech. In Ford Motor Co. v. Texas Department of Transportation, 264 F.3d 493

(5th Cir. 2001), the court considered Ford’s contention that statutes prohibiting it from

selling vehicles directly to consumers through its website violated its commercial speech

rights. Id. at 505. The court recognized that the challenged statute did not regulate

speech, but instead “prohibit[ed] manufacturers from retailing motor vehicles to
                                             9
consumers.” Id. at 506. The ban on Ford’s advertising retail sales of vehicles was, in

the court’s view, “an accompanying result” of the prohibition on manufacturer’s

conduct, i.e. retail sales of vehicles. Id. The court rejected the notion that a state was

prohibited from regulating commercial conduct if, as a result, the speech of the

regulated entity was in some manner restricted:

       The [United States] Supreme Court has made clear that “[a]ny First
       Amendment interest which might be served by advertising an ordinary
       commercial proposal and which might arguably outweigh the
       governmental interest supporting the regulation is altogether absent when
       the commercial activity itself is illegal and the restriction on advertising is
       incidental to a valid limitation on economic activity. Pittsburgh Press Co. v.
       Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations, 413 U.S. 376, 389, 93 S. Ct. 2553,
       2561, 37 L. Ed. 2d 669 (1973).

Id. at 506. The court concluded that Ford’s website advertisement was part of an

integrated course of conduct that violated Texas law and that, as a result, Ford’s speech

did not concern a lawful activity. Consequently, its First Amendment challenge to the

statute prohibiting it from retailing vehicles to consumers failed. Id.

       Notwithstanding these authorities, Mark Anthony argues that its intended use of

the TGI FRiDAY’s name and marks on its labels is entitled to First Amendment

protection because “the product and selling it are perfectly lawful.” MAB Brief at 69.

But Mark Anthony’s proposed speech cannot be viewed in isolation. It is part of a

single and integrated course of conduct that violates Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code

§ 102.01(h). Therefore, as was the case in Ford Motor Co., because section 102.01(h)

prohibits conduct, the section may also, as a necessary corollary, have the ancillary effect

                                             10
of preventing speech advertising that illegal conduct.7

       B.      Mark Anthony’s Amended Licensing Agreement with TGIF-MN
               violates section 102.01(h).

       Because the United States Supreme Court has held that a state may prohibit

certain conduct, as well as speech related to that prohibited conduct, Mark Anthony

had the burden to establish that section 102.01(h) did not prohibit it from entering into

its licensing agreement. Mark Anthony failed to carry this burden. The evidence

actually establishes conclusively that Mark Anthony’s agreements were unlawful under

section 102.01(h). As a result, Mark Anthony’s proposed speech is not protected by

the First Amendment.

               1.      Section 102.01 (h) prohibits relationships that allow cross-tier
                       control of a permittee’s “business or interests.”

       Mark Anthony argues that section 102.01 (h) could not possibly have been

intended to prevent members of the alcoholic beverage industry from entering into

trademark licensing agreements because all such agreements necessarily allow the

licensor to control the quality of the product created by the licensee. MAB Brief at 64.

The language the Legislature chose to use in section 102.01(h) demonstrates that Mark

Anthony’s argument is simply wrong.

                       a.      Rules of statutory construction. Proper construction of

7
    Although Mark Anthony assures this Court that Central Hudson “and other First Amendment
authorities do not allow a state to use a statute governing conduct to render legal commercial speech
illegal,” MAB Brief at 22, it cites no such authorities. If Mark Anthony does provide the Court any
such authorities, TABC requests an opportunity to respond.
                                                 11
section 102.01(h) is a question of law to be reviewed de novo. TIC Energy and Chem., Inc.

v. Martin, 498 S.W.3d 68, 74 (Tex. 2016). The goal in construing any statute is to give

effect to the Legislature’s intent in enacting it. TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Co. v. Combs,

340 S.W.3d 432, 439 (Tex. 2011). To discern the Legislature’s intent, one begins with

the statute’s words. Id. Undefined words are given their ordinary and commonly

understood meanings unless it is apparent from the context of the statute that they have

different or more precise definitions. Id. Words and phrases must be read in context

and construed according to the rules of grammar and common usage. Tex. Gov’t Code

§ 311.011(a). Legislative intent is found in the words used; words not included are

presumed to have been omitted purposefully. In re M.N., 262 S.W.3d 799, 802 (Tex.

2008). If the text of the statute is clear and unambiguous, it is determinative of

legislative intent. Martin, 498 S.W.3d at 75.

       In construing a statute, courts must presume that the Legislature intended the

statute to comply with the Texas and United States constitutions and to favor the public

interest over any private interest. Tex. Gov’t Code § 311.021(1) and (5). They must

also enforce the statute as written and “refrain from rewriting [the] text lawmakers

chose.” Entergy Gulf States, Inc. v. Summers, 282 S.W.3d 433, 443 (Tex. 2009). However,

even if a statute is not ambiguous on its face, a court may consider the consequences

of particular constructions. Tex. Gov’t Code § 311.023(5). Interpretations of the

statute that defeat the purpose of the legislation must be rejected as long as another

reasonable interpretation of the statute exists. Nootsie, Ltd. v. Williamson Cty. Appraisal
                                            12
Dist., 925 S.W.2d 659, 662 (Tex. 1996). Finally, and importantly in this case, the

Legislature has directed that the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code is to be liberally

construed to protect the welfare, health, peace, temperance, and safety of the people of

the State. Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 1.03.

                       b.    Application of the rules of construction to section

102.01. Code section 102.01(h) provides:

      No permittee may enter with a permittee of a different level or with
      another person or legal entity into a conspiracy or agreement to control
      or manage, financially or administratively, directly or indirectly, in any
      form or degree, the business or interests of a permittee of a different level.

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 102.01(h). The only Code-defined term used in section

102.01(h) is “permittee,” which the Code provides is a “person who is the holder of a

permit provided for in this code, or an agent, servant, or employee of that person.”

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 1.04(11). Because that is the only defined term, all of the other

words in the section have their commonly understood and ordinary meanings.

      A person “controls” something if she exercises authority over it or directs or

regulates it. THE AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 290

(10th ed. 1981). She manages something if she “handle[s], direct[s], govern[s], or

control[s   it]   in    action   or   use.”        Manage   Definition,   DICTIONARY.COM,

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/manage?s=t (last visited Dec. 16, 2016).

      This Court has had occasion to consider the meaning of the terms “business”

and “interest” as those terms are used in Chapter 102 of the Code. Cadena Comercial

                                              13
USA Corp. v. Tex. Alcoholic Beverage Comm’n, 449 S.W.3d 154, 164-171 (Tex. App.—

Austin 2014, pet. granted). The Court observed that “Chapter 102’s stated objective of

achieving strict separation between the alcoholic beverage tiers was crystal clear,” id. at

166, and that this goal informed the Court’s analysis. After noting that the term

“interest” has a plethora of meanings and is used in many of the Code’s provisions, the

Court concluded that, as used in Code section 102.07(a)(1), the term “interest” “broadly

encompasses any commercial or economic interest that provides a stake in the financial

performance of an entity engaged in the manufacture, distribution, or sale of alcoholic

beverages.” Id. at 166. In addition, the Court noted that the term “‘business’ generally

refers to ‘[a] commercial enterprise carried on for profit; a particular occupation or

employment habitually engaged in for livelihood or gain.’” Id. at 169, citing BLACK’S

LAW DICTIONARY 239 (10th ed. 2014). The Court thus held that, in its ordinary

meaning and as used in the Code, the term “business” is distinct from – and broader

than – the specific assets held by a business. Id.

      Section 102.01(h)’s plain language thus reveals an intent to prohibit a permittee

from one tier from entering into any agreement with anyone that would allow a permittee

from a different tier to govern or regulate any aspect of the work of the first permittee

in any way, to any degree, in any form. Interpreting section 102.01(h) to have the

broadest possible reach is consistent with both the language the Legislature chose and

Chapter 102’s goal of maintaining separation between the tiers of the alcoholic beverage

industry. Thus, section 102.01(h) does more than prohibit a member of the retail tier
                                            14
from directly or indirectly owning a controlling interest in Mark Anthony. It prohibits

that retailer from directly or indirectly controlling or managing any aspect of Mark

Anthony’s business – the business of manufacturing alcoholic beverages for sale – in

any form or degree.

              2.      The Amended Licensing Agreement allows TGIF to direct various aspects of
                      Mark Anthony’s business.

       Mark Anthony asserts that the Amended Licensing Agreement “does not give

the [TGIF] restaurants, or even their affiliate, the owner of the TGIF brand, any control

over Mark Anthony.” MAB Brief at 19. The terms of the Amended Licensing

Agreement belie this assertion.

       Although Mark Anthony’s original Licensing Agreement with TGIF-MN was

amended shortly before trial to eliminate some of the provisions that TABC’s expert

had identified as problematic, 2 RR 88-89; 3 RR 160-180, the Amended Agreement

continues to subject significant aspects of Mark Anthony’s business to control by

TGIF-MN and, through TGIF-MN, by the Texas retail permittee. For example, the

Agreement gives Mark Anthony the right to use the TGIF name and marks only on

products that TGIF has approved for “type[], presentation[] and style[].” 4 RR Exh. 21

at ¶ 2.A; see also ¶ 5.B. (“No Licensed Products . . . shall be manufactured, . . . promoted,

marketed, sold or distributed without the approval of Friday’s . . ..”). Even after TGIF

has previously approved a product to be packaged using the TGIF name and marks,

the Amended Agreement specifies that TGIF will test the product on an ongoing basis

                                             15
and may, if it finds the quality of the product has deteriorated and would harm TGIF’s

reputation, require that the products be withdrawn from the market and destroyed. Id.

at ¶ 5.G. These are the provisions that Mark Anthony describes as “quality control”

provisions. E.g., MAB Brief at 2, 19 and 20.

       The Amended Agreement grants TGIF more rights to control Mark Anthony’s

business than are necessary to control the quality of the product on which TGIF’s trade

name and marks are to be used.8 The Amended Agreement obliges Mark Anthony to

spend a certain amount each contract period on “trade support, advertising, promotion

and merchandising of the licensed products.” 4 RR Exh. 21 at ¶ 6.B. The Amended

Agreement requires that Mark Anthony comply with Friday’s code of conduct and, in

addition, to ensure that any Mark Anthony subcontractor does, as well. 4 RR Exh. 21

at ¶ 3.F. The code of conduct, appended to the Amended Agreement as Exhibit G,

requires that Mark Anthony and its subcontractors abide by labor laws, workplace safety

laws, and criminal laws preventing fraud and bribery. Id. at Exhibit G. It also purports

to require Mark Anthony and its subcontractors to modify their production and/or

operational processes, substitute materials, and recycle or re-use materials to reduce

waste and to refrain from using endangered varieties of wood. Id. Finally, the Amended

Agreement requires Mark Anthony to “cooperate with Friday’s in the resolution of”

8
  Section 102.01(h) clearly bars Mark Anthony from agreeing that a retailer may, even indirectly,
control the composition or production of Mark Anthony’s beverages. Even if such controls had been
proper, however, additional provisions of the Amended Agreement violate section 102.01(h).
                                               16
complaints involving Mark Anthony’s products bearing the TGIF name and marks as

well as any claims of bodily injury or death or serious property damage. Id. at ¶ 15.

These types of control are not related to quality.

      Examination of the Amended Agreement reveals, beyond question, that it

affords TGIF-MN – and, through TGIF-MN, its affiliated entity, TGI FRiDAY’s, Inc.,

a Texas retail permittee – the right to control many aspects of Mark Anthony’s business.

As a result, the Amended Agreement violates section 102.01(h).

             3.     Mark Anthony’s arguments that section 102.01(h) does not mean what it says
                    are unavailing.

      Mark Anthony advances several arguments in an attempt to induce the Court to

ignore both the language of section 102.01(h) and the control the Amended Agreement

gives TGIF over Mark Anthony’s business. None are valid.

      First, Mark Anthony argues that the Legislature could not possibly have intended

to prevent members of the alcoholic beverage industry from entering into trademark

licensing agreements because the Legislature presumably knew that the law of

trademarks requires the licensor to exercise quality control over the product to which

the trademark is applied or risk being found to have abandoned its trademark. MAB

Brief at 64-66. The problem with this argument is that, if the Legislature is presumed

to have known trademark law when it enacted section 102.01 in 1977, its choice to

prohibit any agreement that would allow a permittee of one tier to control or manage,

directly or indirectly and in any form or degree, the business or interests of a permittee

                                            17
of another tier would have to stand. The Legislature, presumably knowing about the

possibility for abandonment of a mark or name, did not draft 102.01(h) to prohibit all

agreements that give a retailer any form or degree of control over a manufacturer’s

business EXCEPT for trademark licensing agreements. As a result, section 102.01(h)

should be construed to implement the Legislature’s purposeful choice to make no

exception to the control prohibition. Because a court is not “free to rewrite a statute

to reach a result it might consider more desirable in the name of statutory construction,”

Stockton v. Offenbach, 336 S.W.3d 610, 619 (Tex. 2011), the trial court should not have

accepted Mark Anthony’s invitation to engraft an exemption onto section 102.01(h).

      Another problem with this argument is that it attempts to use the speech rights

acquired by executing the Amended Agreement to legitimize execution of the

Agreement, which is prohibited by the Code. The United States Supreme Court

rejected a similar argument in Giboney v. Empire Storage & Ice Co., 336 U.S. 490 (1949).

There, in response to picketers’ contention that being enjoined from carrying placards

outside Empire’s place of business unconstitutionally infringed their free speech rights,

the Court stated that

      . . . it has never been deemed an abridgement of freedom of speech or
      press to make a course of conduct illegal merely because the conduct was
      in part initiated, evidenced, or carried out by means of language, either
      spoken, written or printed. Such an expansive interpretation of the
      constitutional guaranties of speech and press would make it practically
      impossible ever to enforce laws against agreements in restraint of trade[,]
      as well as many other agreements and conspiracies deemed injurious to
      society.

                                           18
Id. at 502 (citations omitted).

       It is evident that Mark Anthony is putting the cart before the horse. Before Mark

Anthony entered into the Agreement, it had no right to “speak” by putting the TGIF

trade name and trademarks on its labels. See, e.g., K Mart Corp. v. Cartier, Inc., 485 U.S.
176, 185 (1988) (“Trademark law, like contract law, confers private rights, which are

themselves rights of exclusion.”).     Mark Anthony’s willingness to enter into the

Agreement is an acknowledgement of this fact. Consequently, section 102.01(h)

outlawed conduct – a manufacturer’s entry into a licensing agreement that afforded a

retailer the right to control or manage aspects of the manufacturer’s business – at a time

when Mark Anthony had no right to engage in the speech it now contends is entitled

to First Amendment protection. Like the Court in Giboney, this Court should reject

Mark Anthony’s invitation to use the First Amendment to shield otherwise illegal

conduct with speech.

       Second, Mark Anthony contends that TABC cannot point to any statutory

language that makes it illegal for a manufacturer of alcoholic beverages to enter into an

agreement like the Amended Agreement. MAB Brief at 21. As noted in the previous

section of this Reply Brief, TABC has repeatedly stated that the Amended Agreement

violates section 102.01(h); it is a necessary corollary that any agreement with similar

                                            19
provisions would violate section 102.01(h), as well.9 Mark Anthony correctly points out

that section 102.01(h) cannot prevent it from entering into a trademark licensing

agreement in another jurisdiction and selling its products there. It does not follow,

however, that Mark Anthony may sell, in Texas, the fruit of conduct that Texas has

prohibited.

       Third, Mark Anthony argues that there are other, less restrictive means of

preventing the “hypothetical possible harm.” MAB Brief at 21-22. This argument is

based on the unfounded assumptions that: (1) section 102.01(h) regulates speech, not

conduct; and (2) Mark Anthony’s proposed speech is legal. As to the first assumption,

it is clear from both section 102.01(h)’s language and the sequence of Mark Anthony’s

actions that section 102.01(h) regulates conduct. Furthermore, as the entirety of Section

II. of this Reply Brief demonstrates, Mark Anthony’s proposed speech is illegal and not

entitled to First Amendment protection.

       Although Mark Anthony argues that maintenance of Texas’ three-tier system for

regulating the alcoholic beverage industry is not an end in itself, MAB Brief at 30, it

acknowledges that the United States Supreme Court has deemed such systems

“unquestionably legitimate.” Id. What Mark Anthony fails to acknowledge is that states

that have three-tier systems have a significant interest in maintaining them.

9
  TABC has never argued that all trademark licensing agreements are prohibited by section 102.01(h).
It has argued only that, because the Agreement in this case allows TGIF control over Mark Anthony’s
business, it violates section 102.01(h).
                                                20
44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island, 517 U.S. 484, 493 n.4 (1996). As this Court observed

in Cadena, the Code is “crystal clear” that the Legislature intends there to be strict

separation of the three tiers of the alcoholic beverage industry. 449 S.W.3d at 166.

Indeed, the Legislature has stated unequivocally that it is the public policy of this State:

       to maintain and enforce the three-tier system (strict separation between
       the manufacturing, wholesaling, and retailing levels of the industry) and
       thereby to prevent the creation or maintenance of a ‘tied house’ as
       described and prohibited in section 102.01 of this code.”

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 6.03(i)(emphasis added). In Chapter 102, the Legislature

specifically authorized TABC to conduct investigations and request information

“necessary to enforce this section and to provide strict adherence to a general policy of

prohibiting the tied house and related practices.” Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 102.01(b). As

used in section 102.01, the term “tied house” means:

       any overlapping ownership or other prohibited relationship between those
       engaged in the alcoholic beverage industry at different levels, that is,
       between a manufacturer and a wholesaler or retailer, or between a
       wholesaler and a retailer, as the words ‘wholesaler,’ ‘retailer,’ and
       ‘manufacturer’ are ordinarily used and understood . . ..

Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 102.01 (a). It is clear that, in the sixty-three years that have

passed since this Court issued its decision in Neel v. Texas Liquor Control Board, 259
S.W.2d 312 (Tex. App.—Austin 1953, writ ref’d, n.r.e.), the Legislature has felt the need

to expand the definition of the term “tied house.”

       Mark Anthony’s reliance on Neel’s definition of the term “tied houses” and its

expert’s testimony that the goal of the three-tier system is to protect the independence

                                            21
of retailers is unavailing in the face of the Legislature’s prohibitions on other types of

cross-tier relationships. As this Court recognized, “the [L]egislature seems to have

viewed even the potential for a lesser degree of influence [by a member of one tier over

a member of another]” to be incompatible with the notion of separation of the tiers.
449 S.W.3d at 166. Consequently, construing section 102.01(h) to permit the creation

of a cross-tier relationship that allows a member of one tier to control the business of

a member of another tier thwarts the legislative goal and, essentially, rewrites the statute.

       An example of the harm that could flow from Mark Anthony’s proposed

construction of section 102.01(h) is helpful. If the section does not prohibit a member

of the manufacturing tier from licensing the trade name of a member of the retail tier,

allowing the retailer (or its nominally separate affiliate) to control the quality of the

manufacturer’s product, then the statute also cannot prohibit a retailer from licensing

the trade name of a manufacturer to use on the retailer’s establishment. Permitting

such relationships to be formed has at least a significant potential for a return to

circumstances that existed before Prohibition: (1) manufacturers would have retail

establishments “tied” to them by the latter’s use of the manufacturer’s name, and

patrons of that establishment would expect to be able to consume that manufacturer’s

products; (2) other manufacturers would be less likely to sell to the retailer advertising

the tradename of their competitor and, instead, would want their own “tied” retailers,

causing a proliferation of retail establishments; and (3) the manufacturer-tied retailers

would compete with one another in ways that, while promoting alcohol sales, would
                                             22
have little regard for the effects of such competition on society. This result cannot

possibly have been what the Legislature intended, as it is exactly the type of tied house

that even Mark Anthony agrees the three-tier system was designed to prevent. MAB

Brief 27-29.

       The language of section 102.01(h), while broad, is specifically targeted to the

Legislature’s objective: maintaining strict separation between the tiers of the alcoholic

beverage industry. The trial court erred by construing the section in a way that allows

members of one tier to enter into licensing agreements with members of other tiers (or

their affiliates) allowing for cross-tier control. Because the trial court’s error has the

potential to rend the three-tier system asunder, that court’s judgment should be

reversed, and judgment should be rendered that Mark Anthony take nothing on its

claims that Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code sections 102.07 and 102.15 and the

Commission’s rules 45.73(e), 45.82(a)(7), 45.110(c)(3), and 45.110(c)(7) violate its

commercial speech under the First Amendment.

III.   Even if Mark Anthony’s labels had been entitled to First Amendment
       protection, Texas’ “thing of value” statutes and rules are constitutional.

       The parties agree that statutes or rules may only regulate commercial speech

constitutionally if they “directly advance” a significant governmental interest and are

not more restrictive than necessary to serve that interest. TABC’s Brief of Appellant at

22; MAB Brief at 10, 12.

       Mark Anthony now suggests that this Court should analyze the constitutionality

                                           23
of the statutes and rules it challenged under heightened scrutiny. MAB Brief at 13.

Mark Anthony did not make this argument in the trial court. SCR 3-18. Because the

United States Supreme Court issued its decision in Sorrell v. IMS Health, Inc.,10 in 2011

and the trial of this case took place in March 2013, Mark Anthony’s failure to apprise

the trial court of a belief that Sorrell’s heightened standard applied to this case amounted

to a waiver of that contention. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(1); In re M.M.M., 428 S.W.3d
389, 397 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. denied). Mark Anthony tried its

entire case on the premise that Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Public Serv. Comm’n,

447 U.S. 557 (1980), was the controlling authority. Therefore, Central Hudson is the

standard against which the trial court’s decisions should be measured.11

       A.      Texas has a significant interest in maintaining its three-tier system
               for more than the protection of retailer independence.

       TABC has always argued that maintaining the integrity of Texas’ three-tier

system of alcoholic beverage regulation, including the strict separation of the tiers, is

the governmental interest served by the statutes and rules that Mark Anthony

challenged. 2 RR 30-31. Although the trial court did not specifically find that

maintaining the integrity of the three-tier system was a substantial governmental

interest, she acknowledged that TABC had asserted an interest in “preserving or

10
  564 U.S. 552 (2011).
11
   Mark Anthony also waived any argument that Retail Digital Network, LLC v. Appelsmith, 810 F.3d
638 (9th Cir. 2016), applies to this case. Furthermore, the Ninth Circuit granted a motion to rehear
that case en banc. Retail Digital Network, LLC v. Gorsuch, No. 13-56069, 2016 WL 6790810 (9th Cir.
Nov. 16, 2016).
                                                24
strengthening the ‘three-tier system.’” CR 101, Finding 19.

       B.     Prohibiting a manufacturer from using a retailer’s name on its
              products directly advances Texas’ interest in maintaining
              separation between the tiers.

       The trial court erred as a matter of law by finding that “[a]ny effect of a malt

beverage retailer name ban on the ‘three-tier system’ is indirect, attenuated, and

speculative,” CR 101, Finding 20, because the evidence conclusively established that

Mark Anthony and TGIF created an improper cross-tier relationship, directly breaching

the wall between those who manufacture and those who retail malt beverages so that

Mark Anthony would have the right to put TGIF’s name and marks on its malt beverage

products. Mark Anthony consistently asserted that the “quality control” provisions of

the Amended Agreement were a necessary predicate to Mark Anthony’s proposed

speech because, without them, TGIF-MN would risk being deemed to have abandoned

its trade name and trademarks. MAB Brief at 66. Yet, section 102.01(h) specifically

prohibits the creation of a cross-tier relationship involving any provision that allows a

member of one tier to manage or control, even indirectly, any aspect of the business of

a member of another tier. Enforcing the “thing of value” statutes and rules removes

any motivation a member of one tier might have to enter into such prohibited

agreements with members of other tiers or their affiliates. As a result, construing

sections 102.07(a) and 102.15(a) to ban a manufacturer’s use of a retailer’s name on the

labels for the manufacturer’s products directly furthers Texas’ interest in maintaining

the integrity of its three-tier system.
                                           25
      C.     There is a good fit between the thing-of-value statutes and rules and
             preservation of the three-tier system.

      Mark Anthony asserts that banning a manufacturer from using a retailer’s name

on its product labels is “not narrowly tailored to advance any substantial governmental

interest,” MAB Brief at 44, because there are alternative methods of addressing Texas’

interests in preventing the creation of tied houses that do not restrict speech. MAB

Brief at 21-22. It asserts, first, that TABC can ask that parties to a licensing agreement

remove problematic terms from that agreement. Id. at 22. Second, it contends that, if

the parties to the licensing agreement refuse to remove any improper terms voluntarily,

TABC can “try to prove a violation.” Id. Neither of these avenues is a true alternative

to prohibiting the creation of a tied house.

      As to the first alleged alternative, Mark Anthony contends that its removal of

problematic provisions from its own Licensing Agreement indicates that voluntary

compliance with regulators’ requests is a viable alternative to a prohibition on creating

prohibited relationships. Id. at 22. Yet, TABC was only aware of the terms of the

Amended Agreement because Mark Anthony had sued to invalidate the rules and

statutes TABC is charged with enforcing. Industry members are currently not required

to provide TABC copies of their agreements with third parties. Consequently, TABC

does not know whether any permittee has already entered into an agreement that

violates section 102.01(h). In addition, as shown in section II., above, the Amended

Agreement continues to include provisions that allow TGIF to control aspects of Mark

                                           26
Anthony’s business. As a matter of law, the trial court erred by concluding that a

request for voluntary compliance was a viable alternative to the retailer-name ban.

       Ignoring evidence showing concerted operations by Mark Anthony and TGIF

almost immediately after execution of the Licensing Agreement, Mark Anthony asserts

there is no evidence that the retailer-name ban is tailored to address a serious problem.

MAB Brief at 45-46. To support this contention, Mark Anthony first inaccurately

characterizes the testimony of TABC’s assistant chief in charge of special investigations

as indicating that TABC might not currently be investigating improper cross-tier

relationships. Id. at 46. Chief Jones actually testified that, as of the date of trial, TABC

had 15-20 allegations of improper cross-tier relationships to investigate, but man-power

only to work five of those cases. 3 RR 14-16. Dismissing evidence of its own

improperly collaborative work with TGIF, Mark Anthony states that its general counsel

terminated that practice “as soon as he discovered it.” MAB Brief at 47. Mark

Anthony’s general counsel putting a stop to collaborative marketing efforts is: (1) no

evidence that such conduct will not resume after the conclusion of this litigation, and

(2) no evidence that other manufacturers and retailers who would enter into licensing

agreements if this lawsuit succeeds would not engage in such collaborative marketing

efforts, further eroding the walls that Texas has erected between members of different

tiers of the alcoholic beverage industry.

                                            27
IV.   Even If The Proposed Labels Had Been Protected Commercial Speech,
      the Challenged Statutes And Rules Do Not Violate The First Amendment.

      The retailer-name ban liminates the incentive for a manufacturer to enter into a

licensing agreement with a retailer or one of its affiliates. Because, according to Mark

Anthony’s expert, such agreements necessarily include provisions authorizing the

retailer or its affiliate to control aspects of the manufacturer’s business – and because

the terms of the Amended Agreement in this case demonstrate that such agreements

afford the retailer and/or its affiliate quite extensive control over aspects of the

manufacturer’s business – the retailer-name ban directly and materially advances Texas’

policy of maintaining strict separation between the tiers of the alcoholic beverage

industry and preventing the creation of tied houses. The evidence reveals that, rather

than furthering that policy, the alternatives Mark Anthony suggested would foster the

creation of tied houses, leaving it to TABC to ferret out and prove the existence of

those improper relationships after they have been in operation for some time.

Therefore, even if Mark Anthony’s proposed speech had related to legal activity, the

statutes and rules that prevented approval of that proposed speech pass the Central

Hudson test.

                          CONCLUSION AND PRAYER

      A manufacturer of alcoholic beverages may not obtain the right to use a retailer’s

name and trademarks on the labels for its products by agreeing that the retailer may

control its business, even indirectly or to a limited extent. Because entering into such

                                           28
an agreement is prohibited by Texas law, the First Amendment does not protect

commercial speech only possible because of that prohibited agreement. As a result, the

trial court erred as a matter of law in requiring TABC to prove that the statutes and

rules that TABC challenged met the standard set out in Central Hudson and by

invalidating Code sections 102.07(a), 102.15(a) and 102.01(h), as well as Rules 45.73(e),

45.82(a)(7), 45.110(c)(3), and 45.110(c)(7).

       For all of the reasons asserted above and in its original Brief of Appellant, the

Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission respectfully requests that this honorable Court

reverse the trial court’s October 27, 2015 judgment and render judgment that Mark

Anthony Brewing, Inc., take nothing; in the alternative only, Appellant respectfully

requests that this honorable Court reform the trial court’s judgment to eliminate the

declaration that 102.01(h) violates the First Amendment; and for such other and further

relief to which it has shown itself to be entitled.

                                   Respectfully submitted,

                                   KEN PAXTON
                                   Attorney General of Texas

                                   JEFFREY C. MATEER
                                   First Assistant Attorney General

                                   BRANTLEY STARR
                                   Deputy First Assistant Attorney General

                                   JAMES E. DAVIS
                                   Deputy Attorney General for Civil Litigation

                                               29
                                 NICHOLE BUNKER-HENDERSON
                                 Chief, Administrative Law Division

                                  /s/ Karen L. Watkins
                                 KAREN L. WATKINS
                                 State Bar No. 29027425
                                 Assistant Attorney General
                                 Administrative Law Division
                                 OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                 P. O. Box 12548, MC-018
                                 Austin, Texas 78711-2548
                                 Tel: (512) 475-4208
                                 Fax: (512) 320-0167
                                 karen.watkins@oag.texas.gov

                                 Counsel for Appellant Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission

                      CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

      I certify that the Appellant’s Reply Brief submitted complies with Texas Rules of

Appellate Procedure 9.4(i)(2) because this document contains 7,283 words. Word is

the word processing software that was used to prepare this filing and to calculate the

document’s word count.

                                  /s/ Karen L. Watkins
                                 Karen L. Watkins
                                 Counsel for Appellant Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission

                                          30
                           CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

      I, the undersigned counsel for Appellant, do certify that, on December 22, 2016,

a true and correct copy of this Reply Brief of Appellant Texas Alcoholic Beverage

Commission was served on the following counsel for Appellee Mark Anthony Brewing,

Inc., by electronic mail and/or e-service:

P.M. Schenkkan
Mary A. Keeney
Graves, Dougherty, Hearon & Moody, P.C.
401 Congress Avenue, Suite 2200
Austin, Texas 78701-3744
(512) 480-5673 Telephone
(512) 480-5873 Facsimile
pschenkkan@gdhm.com
mkeeney@gdhm.com

Jack Martin
Lou Bright
3345 Bee Caves Road, Suite 105
Austin, Texas 78746
(512) 473-0300 Telephone
(903) 386-2714 Facsimile
jmartin@jmartinlaw.com
lou-bright@outlook.com

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
MARK ANTHONY BREWING, INC.

                                   /s/ Karen L. Watkins
                                  Karen L. Watkins
                                  Counsel for Appellant Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission

                                             31