Court Opinion

ID: 9409005
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-07-14 16:08:52.008163+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:20:48.161000
License: Public Domain

J-S22036-23

  NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
              v.                          :
                                          :
                                          :
 KEITH BERRY                              :
                                          :
                    Appellant             :   No. 651 WDA 2022

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered April 12, 2022
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
               Criminal Division at CP-02-CR-0005812-2019

BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J., and MURRAY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.:                             FILED: JULY 14, 2023

      Keith Berry (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence imposed

following his plea of guilty to one count of robbery.       See 18 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 3701(a)(1)(v). We affirm.

      The trial court detailed the facts adduced at Appellant’s plea hearing as

follows:

            On December 2, 2018, police officers from the City of
      Pittsburgh Bureau of Police were dispatched to a CoGo’s
      convenience store. An employee of CoGo’s, the cashier, reported
      that [Appellant] entered the store and purchased a bottle of water.
      The price of the bottle of water was $.99. [Appellant] paid for the
      water with a $1.00 bill. The cashier did not believe [Appellant]
      wanted change because, according to the cashier, few customers
      ever want a penny for change. [Appellant] became irate and
      demanded his penny. When the cashier opened the cash register,
      [Appellant] jumped on the counter, reached over, grabbed the
      money from the cash register and ran out of the store. [Appellant]
      grabbed the cashier’s hand when she tried to stop him.
      [Appellant] stole approximately $100.          Fingerprints were
      recovered from the scene and, after forensic analysis, they were
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       determined to be fingerprints of [Appellant].       The cashier
       identified [Appellant] from a photo array.      [Appellant] was
       arrested    and    charged    with   robbery[,   18    Pa.C.S.A.
       § 3701(a)(1)(i)(iv) (inflicts or threatens bodily injury during
       robbery)].

Trial Court Opinion, 12/2/22, at 1-2.

       Appellant’s plea hearing occurred on January 12, 2022. The prosecutor

stated the terms of the parties’ negotiated guilty plea agreement:

       The Commonwealth has agreed to amend the robbery charge to
       18 [Pa.C.S.A. §] 3701(a)(1)(v),[1] which is a felony 3 robbery,
       force however slight. And I would tell the court that this is agreed
       to by the victim and … the investigative detective from the … police
       department. And sentencing, Your Honor, is at your discretion
       without    any    comment      or   recommendation       from    the
       Commonwealth.

N.T., 1/12/22, at 4 (footnote added; some capitalization modified).

       The trial court then colloquied Appellant about the plea agreement and

his awareness of the sentence the trial court could impose:

       THE COURT: And, [Appellant], you agree to plead guilty to a
       felony of the third degree? The maximum penalty is seven years
       in prison, the Court to determine sentence.

       [Appellant]: Yes, Your Honor.

       THE COURT: Do you understand the guidelines of this case
       suggest that you should go to the county jail for at least 9 months
       on the mitigated side and 12 to 18 months, which is a state
       sentence, on the standard side?

       [Appellant]: Yes, Your Honor.

____________________________________________

1 Under this subsection, a “person is guilty of robbery if, in the course of
committing a theft, he … physically takes or removes property from the person
of another by force however slight[.]” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701(a)(1)(v).

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Id. at 5. The trial court accepted Appellant’s guilty plea as knowingly and

voluntarily tendered, id. at 8, and deferred sentencing for the preparation of

a pre-sentence investigation report (PSI).

      Sentencing occurred on April 12, 2022.         The trial court noted it had

reviewed two separate PSI’s, dated April 6, 2022, and July 13, 2012,

respectively. N.T., 4/12/22, at 2-3. The Commonwealth stated to the trial

court, per the negotiated plea agreement, “sentencing [is] at your discretion

without any comment from the Commonwealth.” Id. at 3; see also id. at 3-

4 (noting Appellant had a “prior record score of five” and the sentencing

guidelines called for “12 to 18 months standard, 9 months mitigated”).

Appellant’s counsel responded, “Your Honor, we would be requesting a county

sentence for [Appellant].” Id. at 4. The defense continued:

      Your Honor, [Appellant] is accepting responsibility for what
      happened. The video does show a … robbery by force…. My client
      feels awful for what he did. He’s not trying to make an excuse,
      but he was very high on Methamphetamine during the act.

Id.; see also id. at 8 (defense counsel arguing, “personally I do believe it is

a mitigation to have an active addiction.”). Appellant’s counsel further claimed

Appellant had a “lifetime of being around a mother with a drug addiction, a

father that took his own life in front of [Appellant,] that led” Appellant to suffer

from post-traumatic stress disorder. Id. at 8.

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J-S22036-23

       Defense counsel further emphasized that Appellant had been accepted

into a rehabilitation program proposed by “Justice Related Services” (JRS),2

which entailed “plans for inpatient treatment, step down to outpatient and

then community….” Id. at 13; see also id. at 14 (defense counsel informing

the court that Appellant had recently become a grandfather, which “would be

an incentive for him to remain on good behavior.”).

       The trial court considered testimony from the JRS representative, Vicki

Melby (Melby). Id. at 16. Melby testified:

       Our recommendation is for a du[a]l inpatient program[. Appellant
       has] been assessed and accepted at Cove Forge. He would
       complete up to 90 days of that program and then he would
       transfer [to] a recovery setting with outpatient, mental health and
       drug and alcohol treatment.

Id. The trial court asked Melby, “do we have any people … at this facility at

Cove Forge to keep [Appellant] from leaving?” Id. Melby responded: “We do

not.” Id.

____________________________________________

2  Appellant states that the Allegheny County JRS program “provides an array
of support for adults with a mental illness or a co-occurring mental illness and
substance use disorder and for a person[] dually diagnosed with a mental
illness and intellectual disability, who are involved in the criminal justice
system.”      Appellant’s Brief at 8 n.1 (citation omitted); see also
https://www.dhs.pa.gov/Services/Mental-Health-In-PA/Pages/Justice-
Related-Services.aspx (last visited June 28, 2023). Appellant correctly
explains that if he “received a state sentence, JRS would not be permitted to
assist him.” Id. at 18; see also N.T., 4/12/22, at 16-17.

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       The trial court also considered Appellant’s allocution, where he

expressed remorse for his actions and their impact on the victim. Id. at 19-

20.

       The trial court sentenced Appellant to one to three years in state prison,

followed by three years of probation. The court stated, inter alia:

       I don’t doubt [Appellant’s] sincerity, but his track record says that
       we can’t rely on his promise, we can’t to the detriment of the
       community. … The reason for the 12 to 36 [months in prison
       sentence] is I think [Appellant] needs closer supervision.
       Generally we sentence double the minimum, which would be 12
       to 24 [months] in this case, but it’s 12 to 36, because I think
       [Appellant] needs closer supervision, which he will get on state
       parole before the probation starts.

Id. at 23-24.

       Appellant timely filed a post-sentence motion to modify sentence (PSM)

on April 22, 2022. Appellant claimed the trial court “failed to properly take

into consideration [Appellant’s] rehabilitative needs when imposing the

sentence[,] and the sentence is manifestly excessive.” PSM, 4/22/22, ¶ 15;

see also id. ¶¶ 9-14 (discussing mitigating factors including Appellant’s

difficult childhood).     The trial court denied the PSM on April 27, 2022.

Appellant timely appealed.3

       Appellant presents a single question for review:

       1. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing
          [Appellant,] where it failed to consider his character, personal

____________________________________________

3 Appellant and the trial court have complied with Pennsylvania Rule of
Appellate Procedure 1925.

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         history, and treatment and rehabilitation needs, in violation of
         42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b) and 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9725?

Appellant’s Brief at 5.

      Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence, from

which there is no absolute right to appeal. Commonwealth v. Summers,

245 A.3d 686, 691 (Pa. Super. 2021). Where an appellant has preserved his

sentencing challenge at sentencing or in a timely PSM, he must (1) include in

his appellate brief a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) concise statement of reasons relied

upon for allowance of appeal; and (2) show that there is a substantial question

that the sentence is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code. Id.

      Appellant has included a thorough Rule 2119(f) statement in his brief.

See Appellant’s Brief at 20-27. Further, he presents a substantial question.

See Commonwealth v. Knox, 165 A.3d 925, 929-30 (Pa. Super. 2017) (“A

claim that the trial court focused exclusively on the seriousness of the crime

while ignoring other, mitigating circumstances … raises a substantial

question.”); Commonwealth v. Harvard, 64 A.3d 690, 701 (Pa. Super.

2013) (recognizing as a substantial question a claim that a sentencing court

failed to consider defendant’s rehabilitative needs in imposing a manifestly

excessive sentence). Accordingly, we review the merits of Appellant’s issue.

      We are mindful that sentencing “is a matter vested in the sound

discretion of the sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on

appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion.” Commonwealth v. Barnes,

167 A.3d 110, 122 n.9 (Pa. Super. 2017) (en banc) (citation omitted).

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      In this context, an abuse of discretion is not shown merely by an
      error in judgment. Rather, the appellant must establish, by
      reference to the record, that the sentencing court ignored or
      misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of
      partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly
      unreasonable decision.

Commonwealth v. Fullin, 892 A.2d 843, 847 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citation

omitted). Our Supreme Court has explained:

      The reason for this broad discretion and deferential standard of
      appellate review is that the sentencing court is in the best position
      to measure various factors and determine the proper penalty for
      a particular offense based upon an evaluation of the individual
      circumstances before it. Simply stated, the sentencing court
      sentences flesh-and-blood defendants and the nuances of
      sentencing decisions are difficult to gauge from the cold transcript
      used upon appellate review. Moreover, the sentencing court
      enjoys an institutional advantage to appellate review, bringing to
      its decisions an expertise, experience, and judgment that should
      not be lightly disturbed.

Commonwealth v. Pasture, 107 A.3d 21, 27-29 (Pa. 2014) (citations and

quotation marks omitted).

      The Sentencing Code provides that “the sentence imposed should call

for confinement that is consistent with the protection of the public, the gravity

of the offense as it relates to the impact on the life of the victim and on the

community, and the rehabilitative needs of the defendant.”         42 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 9721(b). The trial court must also consider the sentencing guidelines. See

Commonwealth v. Sheller, 961 A.2d 187, 190 (Pa. Super. 2008). Finally,

the court “need not undertake a lengthy discourse for its reasons for imposing

a sentence or specifically reference the statute in question, but the record as

a whole must reflect the sentencing court’s consideration of the facts of the

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crime and character of the offender.” Commonwealth v. Schutzues, 54

A.3d 86, 99 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation omitted).

      Here, it is undisputed that Appellant’s sentence fell within the standard

range of the sentencing guidelines.          See Appellant’s Brief at 17;

Commonwealth Brief at 16.       Therefore, we may only vacate Appellant’s

sentence if “the case involves circumstances where the application of the

guidelines would be clearly unreasonable.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(c)(2); see

also Commonwealth v. Raven, 97 A.3d 1244, 1254 (Pa. Super. 2014). We

are mindful that “rejection of a sentencing court’s imposition of sentence on

unreasonableness grounds [should] occur infrequently, whether the sentence

is above or below the guideline ranges.” Commonwealth v. Walls, 926 A.2d

957, 964 (Pa. 2007).

      Appellant claims the trial court abused its discretion in imposing a

manifestly excessive sentence and failing to adequately consider Appellant’s

rehabilitative needs. Appellant argues the trial court improperly sentenced

him “solely on the seriousness of his offense and lengthy criminal record,”

Appellant’s Brief at 25, and “simply refused to take into consideration any

evidence of [Appellant’s] character, personal history, and treatment and

rehabilitation needs.”   Id. at 38 (emphasis in original; footnote omitted).

Appellant claims the trial court “ignore[ed] the dysfunctional nature of

[Appellant’s] childhood and his struggles with substance abuse” and “mental

health problems.”   Id. at 24, 25 (citation and quotation marks omitted).

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Though   Appellant   concedes      “the    sentencing   guidelines   recommended

imposition of a state sentence” id. at 25, he claims the trial court should not

have denied his request to receive a “county-length sentence so that he could

participate in JRS.” Id.

      Conversely, the Commonwealth argues “the trial court did not abuse its

discretion in fashioning … Appellant’s sentence because the trial court was

fully informed about Appellant’s individual needs and the circumstances of the

crime.” Commonwealth Brief at 22-23 (some capitalization modified). We

agree.

      The trial court explained:

            The record in this case supports the sentence imposed by
      this court.     Notably, the applicable standard range of the
      sentencing guidelines was 12-18 months’ imprisonment. The
      minimum sentence imposed in this case was at the low end of
      the standard range of the sentencing guidelines. This court
      reviewed the [PSI] and considered the contents of that report in
      imposing sentence. This court was persuaded that the sentence
      imposed was appropriate because [Appellant] committed a
      serious felony offense in this case in which he stole money by
      force. This court considered the effect [Appellant’s] actions had
      on the victim. The victim [stated] that she was traumatized by
      the events that occurred during the robbery. Additionally, this
      court considered [Appellant’s] prior criminal record. [Appellant]
      has prior felony and misdemeanor convictions, including
      robbery, and he has served prior state and county prison
      sentences on different cases which were served concurrently.
      [Appellant] previously violated parole and was recommitted
      to state prison. He also has numerous juvenile adjudications. In
      this case, [Appellant] blamed his conduct on drug use, which in
      and of itself violates the law. Based on the circumstances of this
      case, this court believed that a state prison sentence was
      appropriate. [Appellant] has demonstrated a history of
      breaking the law and not conforming his conduct to the
      law.

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Trial Court Opinion, 12/2/22, at 4 (emphasis added; some capitalization

modified).

      The trial court’s reasoning is amply supported by the law and the record.

Further, and as noted above, the trial court confirmed its consideration of two

PSI’s prior to imposing Appellant’s sentence. N.T., 4/12/22, at 4. Where a

sentencing court had the benefit of a PSI, “it will be presumed that [the court]

was aware of the relevant information regarding the defendant’s character

and weighed those considerations along with mitigating statutory factors.”

Commonwealth v. Conklin, 275 A.3d 1087, 1098 (Pa. Super. 2022)

(citation omitted); Commonwealth v. Ventura, 975 A.2d 1128, 1135 (Pa.

Super. 2009).

      In sum, we discern no abuse of the sentencing court’s discretion.

Contrary to Appellant’s claim, his standard-guideline-range sentence is not

unreasonable or excessive. See Commonwealth v. Hill, 210 A.3d 1104,

1117 (Pa. Super. 2019) (“where a sentence is within the standard range of

the guidelines, Pennsylvania law views the sentence as appropriate under the

Sentencing Code.”) (quoting Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 171

(Pa. Super. 2010) (holding combination of PSI and standard-range sentence,

absent more, cannot be considered excessive or unreasonable)); see also

Walls, supra (holding rejection of a sentence on unreasonableness grounds

should occur infrequently).

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/14/2023

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