Court Opinion

ID: 9855060
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-09-24 06:18:57.406201+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:23:39.520107
License: Public Domain

Blackburn, Judge.
This is an appeal from the grant of summary judgment to the Hospital Authority of Houston County, Georgia, d/b/a Houston Medical Center (Hospital) in a slip and fall case. OCGA § 9-11-56. Dorothy Sheriff was injured when she fell in the reception area of the Hospital’s emergency room. Sheriff claims the Hospital was negligent in failing to properly inspect and maintain the premises.
Sheriff had accompanied her mother to the Hospital emergency room. While the two waited, Sheriff sat approximately 12 feet away from, and directly in front of, the receptionist’s window. After waiting 29 to 30 minutes Sheriff got up to approach the receptionist’s window, but slipped and fell in what she alleges was an area of water the size of her hand.
In order to recover in a slip and fall case of this nature, Sheriff must show (1) that the hospital had actual or constructive knowledge of a foreign substance, and (2) that she was without knowledge of the presence of such substance or for some reason attributable to the Hospital was prevented from discovering the foreign substance. Alterman Foods v. Ligon, 246 Ga. 620, 623 (272 SE2d 327) (1980). In this case, no evidence was presented showing the Hospital had actual knowledge of any liquid on the emergency room floor. Therefore, the inquiry is whether the Hospital had constructive knowledge of the allegedly hazardous condition.
Constructive knowledge can be established in one of two ways. First, it can be inferred by showing “ ‘that an employee of the defendant was in the immediate area of the hazardous condition and could have easily seen the substance.’ . . . [Cit.]” Drake v. Kroger Co., 213 Ga. App. 72, 73 (443 SE2d 698) (1994). In the affidavit of the emergency room receptionist, who had been on duty for five hours at the time of Sheriff’s fall, she averred that she had continuously monitored the waiting area, and as far as she could see the area was clean, *15dry, and free from any foreign substance. She also did not see any wetness or other evidence of a foreign substance on Sheriff’s clothing after the fall. Further, a nurse averred that the emergency room reception area was well lit and that there was no visible dampness on the floor when she took a patient through the area just moments before Sheriff’s fall. The statements of the emergency room receptionist and nurse were unrefuted. There can be no recovery under this theory in the present case.
Second, constructive knowledge can also be established by showing that the owner failed to exercise reasonable care in inspecting the premises, although recovery under this approach requires proof of the length of time the dangerous condition was allowed to exist. Hughes v. Hosp. Auth. of Floyd County, 165 Ga. App. 530, 531 (301 SE2d 695) (1983). However, under the second theory, before the burden shifts to Sheriff to show how long the dangerous condition was on the floor, the Hospital has to demonstrate that a reasonable inspection program was in effect and that it had been carried out on the day of Sheriff’s fall.1 Daniel v. John Q. Carter Enterprises, 218 Ga. App. 223 (460 SE2d 838) (1995). See also Boss v. Food Giant, 193 Ga. App. 434, 436 (388 SE2d 37) (1989).
Donnie Fletcher, the Hospital’s Director of Environmental Services, deposed that all Hospital employees are responsible for the safety of patients and visitors and any spill or liquid would be immediately reported to the environmental director or immediately cleaned. He also stated that a visual inspection of the premises is made each morning by him or by a supervisor. He explained that although no designated person is responsible for checking the floors on an hourly basis to look for foreign substances, the floors are “patrolled” by the entire staff on a continual basis. Fletcher further testified that the reception area was mopped between 11:00 p.m., May 23 and 7:00 a.m., May 24, and thereafter was not mopped prior to the incident which occurred at approximately 1:45 p.m., May 24. Moreover, his testimony indicated that he and a supervisor visually inspected the area each morning to ensure that night shift workers had performed their assigned cleaning duties. No wet substance was reported in the *16area at any time on the morning of May 24, 1990, notwithstanding the fact that all Hospital personnel were, as a matter of policy, responsible for reporting any hazardous conditions. Because Sheriff was unable to establish how long the liquid had been on the floor, there was no evidence that the Hospital had constructive knowledge of the hazard.
Therefore, the trial court properly granted summary judgment to the Hospital.

Judgment affirmed.

Beasley, C. J, Birdsong, P. J, Pope, P. J., Andrews, Johnson and Smith, JJ., concur. McMurray, P. J., and Ruffin, J., dissent.

 Judge Ruffin’s dissent queries how this case may be distinguished from three recently decided cases of this Court. Unlike Jackson v. Camilla Trading Post, 218 Ga. App. 164, 167 (460 SE2d 849) (1995) and Flood v. Camp Oil Co., 201 Ga. App. 451, 453 (411 SE2d 348) (1991), this case does not turn on the failure of defendant to inspect in accordance with the applicable routine procedure nor is this a case in which there is any question that the Hospital altered the area in which the slip and fall occurred after the fact as in Jackson, supra. Neither does it involve a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the Hospital was negligent in the exercise of its duty to ensure reasonably safe premises by failing to timely act on unsafe conditions known to it as in Sacker v. Perry Realty Svcs., 217 Ga. App. 300, 301 (457 SE2d 208) (1995) (material issue of fact existed as to whether defendants negligent in maintaining railroad ties in dimly lit parking lot).