Court Opinion

ID: 4667405
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-03-12 21:01:32.384367+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:02:56.576729
License: Public Domain

FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                              MAR 12 2021
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

SALANO SALOMON-CABALLERO,                        No. 19-71216

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A201-028-153

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

              Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                            Submitted March 3, 2021**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: GRABER, MILLER, and LEE, Circuit Judges.

      Petitioner Salano Salomon-Caballero, a native and citizen of Mexico, seeks

review of the immigration judge’s (IJ) adverse determination following a

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
reasonable fear interview. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1).1

Reviewing for substantial evidence, that is, whether "any reasonable adjudicator

would be compelled to conclude to the contrary," Andrade-Garcia v. Lynch, 828

F.3d 829, 833 (9th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted), we deny the

petition.

       1. The IJ found "insufficient nexus." He reasonably could conclude that a

group of masked, armed men targeted Petitioner and his family because they

wanted to take profit from fertile land, rather than to persecute them on account of

membership in the proposed social group of male Mexican landowners.

"[L]andownership may be the basis of a particular social group." Cordoba v.

Holder, 726 F.3d 1106, 1114 (9th Cir. 2013). But merely owning land and being

threatened is insufficient; one must show that a persecutor’s desire to harm a

particular social group was at least "a reason" for the persecution. See

Barajas-Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 351, 360 (9th Cir. 2017) (holding that an

applicant for withholding of removal must show that a protected ground was "a

reason" for his persecution). Generally speaking, an applicant’s "desire to be free

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         The petition is not moot following Petitioner’s removal to Mexico,
because granting the petition would "at least increase [Petitioner’s] chances of
being allowed" to return to the United States. Del Cid Marroquin v. Lynch, 823
F.3d 933, 936 (9th Cir. 2016) (per curiam).

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from harassment by criminals motivated by theft . . . bears no nexus to a protected

ground." Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010).

      On this record, we are not compelled to disagree with the IJ’s conclusion

that Petitioner’s attackers were motivated by pecuniary gain, rather than by

hostility to male Mexican landowners. Petitioner, for instance, suggested that the

men may have coveted his good crops, his shops, or even his car.

      2. To the extent that Petitioner seeks review of the IJ’s denial of protection

under the Convention Against Torture, he forfeited that argument. See Tijani v.

Holder, 628 F.3d 1071, 1080 (9th Cir. 2010) (holding that this court "generally will

not take up arguments not raised in an alien’s opening brief before this court").

      PETITION DENIED.

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