Court Opinion

ID: 3198242
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-04-27 14:07:56.99587+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:39:12.220794
License: Public Domain

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Joseph J. Dougherty,                           :
                                               :
                             Petitioner        :
                                               :
              v.                               :   No. 537 M.D. 2014
                                               :
The Pennsylvania State Police of the           :   Argued: September 16, 2015
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,                  :
                                               :
                             Respondent        :

BEFORE:       HONORABLE DAN PELLEGRINI, President Judge1
              HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge2
              HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
              HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, Judge3
              HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
              HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
              HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge4

OPINION BY
JUDGE COHN JUBELIRER5                                       FILED: April 27, 2016

       Before this Court in our original jurisdiction are the Preliminary Objections
(POs) in the nature of a demurrer of the Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) to Joseph
J. Dougherty’s (Petitioner) “Amended Petition for Review in the Nature of a Writ
       1
          This case was assigned to the opinion writer on or before December 31, 2015, when
President Judge Pellegrini assumed the status of senior judge.
        2
          This case was assigned to the opinion writer on or before January 31, 2016, when Judge
Leadbetter assumed the status of senior judge.
        3
          This case was assigned to the opinion writer before January 4, 2016, when Judge
Leavitt became President Judge.
        4
           This case was argued before an en banc panel of the Court that included former Judge
Bernard L. McGinley. Because Judge McGinley’s service on the Court ended January 31, 2016,
this matter was submitted on briefs to Judge Wojcik as a member of the en banc panel.
        5
          This matter was reassigned to the authoring judge on December 8, 2015.
of Mandamus Seeking to Compel the [PSP] to Change Petitioner’s Sexual
Offender Registration Status in Accordance with the Law Addressed to the Court’s
Original Jurisdiction” (Petition for Review). At oral argument, Petitioner made an
oral motion to stay the disposition of the POs so that he could provide the PSP with
his sentencing orders, and the PSP could determine whether relief was appropriate
based thereon.        We granted said motion on January 12, 2016.                      Petitioner
subsequently provided the PSP with documents related to his sentencing, and the
PSP determined that no relief was appropriate. The matter is now ripe for our
disposition.

      Petitioner pleaded guilty to two counts of Unlawful Contact with a Minor6
and a single count of Criminal Use of Communication Facility7 on May 4, 2011,

      6
        Section 6318(a)(1) of the Crimes Code, 18 Pa. C.S. § 6318(a)(1). Unlawful Contact
with a Minor is defined as:

      [being] intentionally in contact with a minor, or a law enforcement officer acting
      in the performance of his duties who has assumed the identity of a minor, for the
      purpose of engaging in [a sexual offense], . . . and either the person initiating the
      contact or the person being contacted is within this Commonwealth[.]

               (1) Any offense enumerated in Chapter 31 (relating to sexual offenses).

Id.
      7
          Pursuant to Section 7512(a) of the Crimes Code, 18 Pa. C.S. § 7512(a):

      A person commits a felony of the third degree if that person uses a
      communication facility to commit, cause or facilitate the commission or the
      attempt thereof of any crime which constitutes a felony under this title or under
      the act of April 14, 1972 (P.L. 233, No. 64), known as The Controlled Substance,
      Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act. Every instance where the communication
      facility is utilized constitutes a separate offense under this section.
Id.

                                                2
and was sentenced to 10 years of probation on August 22, 2011. (Petition for
Review ¶¶ 2, 3.) Petitioner alleges that he “was instructed and entered into a plea
agreement” with the Commonwealth “pursuant to an understanding and
agreement” that he “was required to register as a sexual offender for only ten (10)
years.”     (Petition for Review ¶ 4.)              According to Petitioner’s allegations,
Petitioner’s understanding that he was only required to register for 10 years “was
an important consideration that Petitioner took into account in accepting a
negotiated plea and which he relied upon in considering to plead in his case.”
(Petition for Review ¶ 5.) On December 3, 2012, the PSP notified Petitioner that,
pursuant to the enactment of the Sexual Offender Registration and Notification Act
(SORNA),8 Petitioner was now required to register with the PSP twice a year for
25 years and that his registration information will be placed on the PSP’s website
for the same period of time. (Petition for Review ¶ 7.)

       8
          Sections 9799.10-9799.41 of the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa. C.S. §§ 9799.10-9799.41.
Courts have also referred to SORNA as the Adam Walsh Act. SORNA is the General
Assembly’s fourth enactment of the law commonly referred to as Megan’s Law. Megan’s Law I,
the Act of October 24, 1995, P.L. 1079 (Spec. Sess. No. 1), was enacted on October 24, 1995,
and became effective 180 days thereafter. Megan’s Law II was enacted on May 10, 2000 in
response to Megan’s Law I being ruled unconstitutional by our Supreme Court in
Commonwealth v. Williams, 733 A.2d 593 (Pa. 1999). Our Supreme Court held that some
portions of Megan’s Law II were unconstitutional in Commonwealth v. Gomer Williams, 832
A.2d 962 (Pa. 2003), and the General Assembly responded by enacting Megan’s Law III on
November 24, 2004. The United States Congress expanded the public notification requirements
of state sexual offender registries in the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006,
42 U.S.C. §§ 16901-16945, and the Pennsylvania General Assembly responded by passing
SORNA on December 20, 2011 with the stated purpose of “bring[ing] the Commonwealth into
substantial compliance with the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006.” 42 Pa.
C.S. § 9799.10(1). SORNA went into effect a year later on December 20, 2012. Megan’s Law
III was also struck down by our Supreme Court for violating the single subject rule of Article III,
Section 3 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. Commonwealth v. Neiman, 84 A.3d 603, 616 (Pa.
2013). However, by the time it was struck down, Megan’s Law III had been replaced by
SORNA.

                                                3
      Petitioner alleges that this increase in his registration period violates the Ex
Post Facto and Contract Clauses of the United States and Pennsylvania
Constitutions and the Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the
United States Constitution and Article I, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania
Constitution. (Petition for Review ¶¶ 8-10.) Petitioner seeks specific performance
of his plea agreement and an order declaring that he is not required to register
beyond 10 years as the increased registration and notification requirements
imposed upon him by SORNA are, for those reasons, unconstitutional. (Petition
for Review ¶¶ 13, 15, Wherefore Clause.)

      The PSP demurs to the Petition for Review through five POs.9 The PSP first
alleges that Petitioner has failed to state a claim because SORNA applies to
Petitioner and Petitioner was properly classified as a Tier II offender, carrying a
25-year registration requirement. (POs ¶¶ 17-28.) Second, the PSP alleges that
mandamus will not lie against the PSP because the statute of limitations has run for
these types of actions and that the PSP lacks the duty or authority to change
Petitioner’s registration requirements. (POs ¶¶ 48-58.) Third, the PSP alleges that
SORNA poses no ex post facto concerns and cites, inter alia, to our decision in
Coppolino v. Noonan, 102 A.3d 1254 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014), aff’d, 125 A.3d 119
(Pa. 2015), as binding authority to that end. (POs ¶¶ 30-31.) Fourth, the PSP
objects to Petitioner’s due process allegations because Petitioner has failed to
allege any interest that is protected under the Due Process Clause of either the
United States or Pennsylvania Constitutions. (POs ¶¶ 41-42.) Finally, the PSP

      9
          We have reorganized the PSP’s POs for purposes of this opinion.

                                               4
demurs to Petitioner’s contract-related claims by alleging that: (1) the PSP is not
liable for breach of contract because the PSP is not a party to the plea agreement
between Petitioner and the Commonwealth; and (2) assuming that the PSP is a
party to the plea agreement, a claim against the PSP is barred by sovereign
immunity. (POs ¶¶ 38-40.) For the reasons that follow, we sustain the POs in part,
and overrule in part.10

       We shall first address the PSP’s objections based upon Petitioner seeking the
requested relief in a mandamus action and then proceed to those challenging the
legal sufficiency of Petitioner’s constitutional and contract claims. In assessing the
legal sufficiency of a petition for review, “the Court must accept as true all well-
pleaded allegations of material fact as well as all reasonable inferences deducible
therefrom.” Rodgers v. Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, 659 A.2d 63, 65
(Pa. Cmwlth. 1995). A demurrer must only be sustained “where it appears, with
certainty, that the law permits no recovery under the allegations pleaded.” Id.

   I. Mandamus and Statute of Limitations
       The PSP’s first objection is premised on its understanding that Petitioner is
seeking relief in a mandamus action based on the title of his pleading. The PSP,
citing this Court’s decision in Curley v. Smeal (Curley I), 41 A.3d 916, 919 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2012), aff’d but criticized sub nom., Curley v. Wetzel (Curley II), 82

       10
           The PSP’s first PO alleges that Petitioner has failed to state a claim because SORNA
applies to Petitioner and that Petitioner was properly classified as a Tier II offender. Petitioner
does not allege that SORNA does not apply or that he is improperly classified. We shall,
therefore, overrule this PO.

                                                5
A.3d 418 (Pa. 2013),11 alleges that actions in mandamus have a six-month statute
of limitations, which had expired long before Petitioner filed his Petition for
Review in October 2014. The PSP also alleges, in the alternative, that Petitioner’s
claims lack merit because mandamus is only applicable to situations where the
petitioner has a clear legal right to the performance of a mandatory ministerial
duty, and the PSP has no such duty here to provide the relief requested by
Petitioner.

       We addressed these precise issues at length in Taylor v. Pennsylvania State
Police, 132 A.3d 590, 598-600 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016) (en banc)12 where we overruled
the PSP’s objection to a petition self-labeled a “Petition for Review in the Nature
of a Writ of Mandamus” because the petitioner’s claims sounded in declaratory
and injunctive relief and the Rules of Appellate Procedure should be liberally
construed.

       Petitioner here requests this Court to order specific enforcement of the terms
of his plea agreement and to conclude that: (1) the application of SORNA upon
him is unconstitutional as it impairs the Commonwealth’s obligations in its
contract with Petitioner in violation of the Contract Clauses of the United States
and Pennsylvania Constitutions; (2) the retroactive application of SORNA upon
him violates his plea agreement and the Due Process Clauses of the United States
and Pennsylvania Constitutions; and (3) by changing, expanding, and extending

       11
          This Court recently overruled Curley I in Morgalo v. Gorniak et al., ___A.3d___ , ___
(Pa. Cmwlth., No. 489 M.D. 2013, filed March 8, 2016) (en banc), slip op. at 8.
       12
          The instant case was argued with Taylor and six other cases.

                                              6
Petitioner’s registration and reporting requirements, SORNA retroactively imposes
a form of punishment upon him in violation of the Ex Post Facto Clauses of the
United States and Pennsylvania Constitutions. (Petition for Review ¶¶ 9-10, 13-
14.) Like the petition for review in Taylor, these requests sound in declaratory and
injunctive relief, asserting contractual and constitutional claims against a
Commonwealth agency. Thus, pursuant to Taylor, we shall overrule the PSP’s
POs in this regard.

   II. Ex Post Facto
      Petitioner alleges that due to the enactment of SORNA, his registration
period has been “retroactively increased dramatically.” (Petition for Review ¶ 8.)
Petitioner entered into his plea agreement on May 4, 2011 when the Act commonly
known as Megan’s Law III13 was in effect. (Petition for Review ¶ 3.) Petitioner
contends that, under Megan’s Law III, he was required to register as a sexually
violent offender for 10 years and that SORNA now requires him to register for 25
years. According to Petitioner, changing or expanding his registration period is a
form of punishment and is a direct consequence of his conviction.

      In Taylor, we sustained a PO demurring to an almost identical claim as the
one asserted by Petitioner. We held that our previous decision in Coppolino,
which was affirmed by our Supreme Court, disposed of the challenge to SORNA’s
registration requirements. Taylor, 590 A.3d at 601. Pursuant to Taylor, we sustain
the PSP’s PO with regard to the registration requirements of SORNA.

      13
           Act of November 24, 2004, P.L 1243, formerly, 42 Pa. C.S. §§ 9791-9799.9.

                                               7
       Although we sustained the PSP’s demurrer to petitioner’s ex post facto claim
to the registration requirements of SORNA in Taylor, we overruled the POs to a
claim that Section 9799.28(a) of SORNA, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.28(a), was punitive
for purposes of the Ex Post Facto Clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution. Taylor,
590 A.3d at 601-04.            Section 9799.28(a) of SORNA (hereafter, “internet
notification provision”) mandates that the PSP “[d]evelop and maintain a system
for making information about [those] convicted of[, inter alia,] a sexually violent
offense” public via the internet. 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.28(a). SORNA also mandates
that the internet website must include a feature that allows members of the public
“to receive electronic notification when the individual convicted of a sexually
violent offense, sexually violent predator[14] or sexually violent delinquent child
moves into or out of a geographic area chosen by the user.” 42 Pa. C.S. §
9799.28(a)(1)(ii).

       The petitioner in Taylor was convicted in 1994, prior to the enactment of
Megan’s Law I, and this Court held that it was unclear whether the internet
notification provisions added since the petitioner’s conviction were punitive in
nature and violated the Ex Post Facto Clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution.15

       14
           SORNA defines sexually violent predators as individuals convicted of sexually violent
offenses who are determined to have engaged in the violent conduct “due to a mental
abnormality or personality disorder that makes the individual likely to engage in predatory
sexually violent offenses.” Section 9799.12 of SORNA, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.12. The process for
the assessment and adjudication of sexually violent predators is found in Section 9799.24 of
SORNA, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.24. Sexually violent predators are subjected to expanded
notification requirements. See Sections 9799.26-9799.27 of SORNA, 42 Pa. C.S. §§ 9799.26-
9799.27. Petitioner has not been classified as a sexually violent predator.
        15
           The Court in Taylor did, however, “conclude that the internet notification provision of
SORNA does not constitute an ex post facto law under the United States Constitution when
applied to Petitioner.” Taylor, 590 A.3d at 602.

                                                8
Here, Petitioner entered into his plea agreement when Megan’s Law III was in
effect. Megan’s Law III included Section 9798.1 of Megan’s Law III, 42 Pa. C.S.
§ 9798.1 (expired December 20, 2012, pursuant to 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.41), which
required the PSP to post the following information on the internet:

      [The sexual offender’s] (i) [n]ame and any aliases; (ii) year of birth;
      (iii) the street address, city, county and zip code of all residences; (iv)
      the street address, city, county and zip code of any institution or
      location at which the person is enrolled as [a] student; (v) the city,
      county and zip code of any employment location; (vi) a photograph of
      the offender, which shall be updated not less than annually; (vii) a
      description of the offense or offenses which trigger the application of
      [the registration requirement]; and (viii) the date of the offense and
      conviction, if available.

42 Pa. C.S. § 9798.1(c).

      In Commonwealth v. Ackley, 58 A.3d 1284, 1287 (Pa. Super. 2012), the
Superior Court held that the internet notification provision of Megan’s Law III was
not punitive for purposes of the Ex Post Facto Clause of the Pennsylvania
Constitution. However, the Superior Court did not review the more expansive
internet notification provision of SORNA, which differs from the internet
notification provision of Megan’s Law III in numerous respects. For instance,
SORNA requires the PSP to publish: any “intended residences” of the offender;
the offender’s vehicle “[l]icense plate number and a description of a vehicle owned
or operated;” a statement of whether the offender is a transient, incarcerated, or
committed; and a list of the places transient offenders dwells, “eats, frequents and
engages in leisure activities.” 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.28(b)(3)-(14). Furthermore,
unlike Megan’s Law III, SORNA requires the PSP to include the feature on the
website that allows members of the public to receive notifications when a sexually

                                          9
violent offenders moves.     42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.28(a)(1)(ii).      Because of these
differences, it is unclear the extent to which Ackley, a decision of the Superior
Court, is applicable and persuasive here. See A.S. v. Pennsylvania State Police, 87
A.3d 914, 919 n.9, 929 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014) (noting that “decisions by the Superior
Court are not binding on this Court,” but are considered “for their persuasive
value”).

      Accordingly, at this early stage, we cannot say for certain that the provisions
added since Petitioner was convicted in 2011 are not punitive and violate the Ex
Post Facto Clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution. Thus, following the reasoning
in Taylor, we overrule the PSP’s POs to this claim.

   III.    Due Process
      Petitioner next alleges that the increase in his registration period violates his
rights under the Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United
States Constitution and Article I, Section 9 of Pennsylvania Constitution. (Petition
for Review ¶ 9.) The PSP demurs to this allegation by alleging that Petitioner does
not identify any interest protected by due process. (POs ¶ 42.)

      We agree with the PSP. “[D]ue process is required under the Fourteenth
Amendment of the United States Constitution only if the state seeks to deprive a
person of a life, liberty or property interest.” Pennsylvania Game Commission v.
Marich, 666 A.2d 253, 255 (Pa. 1995). Because Petitioner alleges no deprivation
of a life, liberty, or property interest, we sustain the PSP’s PO to Petitioner’s due
process claim under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

                                         10
Similarly, Petitioner asserts no rights protected by Article I, Section 9 of the
Pennsylvania Constitution. Article I, Section 9 of our Constitution provides:

      In all criminal prosecutions the accused hath a right to be heard by
      himself and his counsel, to demand the nature and cause of the
      accusation against him, to be confronted with the witnesses against
      him, to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor,
      and, in prosecutions by indictment or information, a speedy public
      trial by an impartial jury of the vicinage; he cannot be compelled to
      give evidence against himself, nor can he be deprived of his life,
      liberty or property, unless by the judgment of his peers or the law of
      the land. The use of a suppressed voluntary admission or voluntary
      confession to impeach the credibility of a person may be permitted
      and shall not be construed as compelling a person to give evidence
      against himself.

Pa. Const. art. I, § 9 (emphasis added). Petitioner raises no claims that implicate a
criminal prosecution; Petitioner’s claims all address administrative action taken by
the PSP well after Petitioner pleaded guilty to his crimes and was sentenced.
Accordingly, the PSP’s PO to this claim is sustained.

   IV.    Contract Claims
      The core of the Petition for Review focuses on Petitioner’s allegation that
the terms of his plea agreement have been breached by the imposition of SORNA.
Petitioner alleges that he is entitled to specific enforcement of his plea agreement
as a matter of contract law and that the imposition of SORNA impairs the
Commonwealth’s obligations contained in the plea agreement in violation of the
Contract Clauses of the United States and Pennsylvania Constitutions. U.S. Const.
art. I, § 10; Pa. Const. art. I, § 17. The PSP objects to these claims by alleging that

                                          11
it cannot be liable for breach of contract because it is not a party to Petitioner’s
plea agreement and, in the alternative, asserting sovereign immunity.

      Petitioner’s allegations focus on the terms of his plea agreement with the
Commonwealth.       The PSP’s role in the SORNA statutory scheme is “more
ministerial in nature than adjudicative.” Commonwealth v. Cheeseboro, 91 A.3d
714, 721 (Pa. Super. 2014). Under SORNA, in instances where, as here, the
offender was serving a term of probation at the time of SORNA’s enactment, the
PSP receives registration information from the “appropriate office of probation and
parole” and determines the duration of an offender’s registration based on the
offense of conviction.16 Section 9799.19(e.1)(1) and 9799.15 of SORNA, 42 Pa.
C.S. §§ 9799.19(e.1)(1), 9799.15.

      Upon receipt of information concerning an offender convicted of a sexually
violent offense prior to the enactment of SORNA, the PSP may take one of three
steps. If the sentencing order provided to the appropriate correctional institution,
office or board of probation and parole, or PSP by the sentencing court includes a
specific term of registration, the PSP is bound to apply the registration term
included in the sentence and nothing more. McCray v. Pennsylvania Department
of Corrections, 872 A.2d 1127, 1133 (Pa. 2005) (executive branch agencies “lack[]
the power to adjudicate the legality of a sentence or to add or delete sentencing
conditions”). If, however, the sentencing order is unclear or ambiguous, the PSP

      16
          Those individuals convicted of a sexually violent offense after the enactment of
SORNA are classified under SORNA’s three-tier system by the sentencing court. Section
9799.23(a)(6), 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.23(a)(6).

                                           12
may seek guidance from the sentencing court and/or other appropriate entities
before applying the registration period upon a sexual offender.        See Section
9799.16(d) of SORNA, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.16(d) (stating that “[t]here shall be
cooperation between the [PSP], State and county correctional institutions, the
Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, the county office of probation and
parole, any court with jurisdiction over a sexual offender . . . to ensure” that
information is collected and placed on the registry.). Finally, if, the sentencing
order is silent on the term of registration imposed upon the offender, the PSP must
apply the appropriate registration period based on the offense of conviction as
required by Section 9799.15 of SORNA, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.15.

      In all three circumstances, the PSP has no duty to inquire into the content or
intent of any underlying plea agreement. The PSP is not a party to the plea
agreement and disputes over the alleged breach of a plea agreement, and the
impact of the plea agreement on a sexually violent offender’s duty to register with
the PSP, are properly resolved through the criminal justice system in the
appropriate sentencing court. See Commonwealth v. Bundy, 96 A.3d 390, 394
(Pa. Super. 2014) (discussing the procedure for challenging the retroactive
application of SORNA’s registration requirement in light of a plea agreement); see
also Commonwealth v. Partee, 86 A.3d 245, 247 (Pa. Super.), appeal denied, 97
A.3d 744 (Pa. 2014) (concluding that a challenge to the duration of SORNA’s
registration requirement in light of a plea agreement was “properly reviewed as a
petition for habeas corpus” (emphasis in original)). When determining whether a
plea agreement has been breached, sentencing courts “look to what the parties to
this plea agreement reasonably understood to be the terms of the agreement” based

                                        13
on the “totality of the surrounding circumstances.”              Commonwealth v.
Hainesworth, 82 A.3d 444, 447 (Pa. Super. 2013) (internal quotations omitted).
See also Commonwealth v. Nase, 104 A.3d 528, 534 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(interpreting a plea agreement through use of contract principles and concluding
that the appellant’s “registration consequences were unequivocally part of the plea
negotiations and arrangement”). Such disputes should name the Commonwealth as
the defendant as it is the Commonwealth, acting through the appropriate
prosecutor, not the PSP, who is a party to the plea agreement.

      Here, Petitioner makes no allegation in his Petition for Review regarding the
content of his sentencing order or the PSP’s application thereof. Accordingly,
because the PSP was not a party to Petitioner’s plea agreement, we sustain the
PSP’s PO alleging that it cannot be liable for breach of Petitioner’s plea agreement
with the Commonwealth. Petitioner may, however, assert his contract-related
claims against the Commonwealth in the appropriate court of common pleas.

   V. Conclusion
      For the foregoing reasons, we hold as follows: (1) the PSP’s PO in the
nature of a demurrer alleging that Petitioner failed to state a claim because
Petitioner is properly classified under SORNA is overruled; (2) the PSP’s PO in
the nature of a demurrer alleging that Petitioner’s claims are barred by the
applicable statute of limitations and that mandamus will not lie against the PSP
because the PSP is incapable of providing the relief requested is overruled; (3) the
PSP’s PO in the nature of a demurrer alleging that Petitioner has not stated a claim
challenging SORNA’s internet notification provision under the Ex Post Facto
Clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution is overruled; (4) the PSP’s PO in the

                                        14
nature of a demurrer alleging that Petitioner has not stated a claim challenging
SORNA’s registration requirements under the Ex Post Facto Clause of the
Pennsylvania Constitution is sustained; (5) the PSP’s PO in the nature of a
demurrer alleging that Petitioner has not stated a claim under the Ex Post Facto
Clause of the United States Constitution is sustained; (6) the PSP’s PO in the
nature of a demurrer to Petitioner’s due process challenge under the Fourteenth
Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 9 of the
Pennsylvania Constitution is sustained; (7) the PSP’s PO in the nature of a
demurrer to Petitioner’s request for specific enforcement of his plea agreement is
sustained; and (8) the PSP’s PO in the nature of a demurrer to Petitioner’s
challenge to SORNA under the Contract Clauses of the United States and
Pennsylvania Constitutions is sustained.

                                           ________________________________
                                           RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge

                                           15
        IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Joseph J. Dougherty,                    :
                                        :
                         Petitioner     :
                                        :
            v.                          :   No. 537 M.D. 2014
                                        :
The Pennsylvania State Police of the    :
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,           :
                                        :
                         Respondent     :

                                      ORDER

      NOW, April 27, 2016, the Pennsylvania State Police’s (PSP) Preliminary
Objections to the Amended Petition for Review in the above-captioned matter are
OVERRULED, in part, and SUSTAINED, in part, as follows:

  (1) The PSP’s preliminary objection in the nature of a demurrer to the
      Amended Petition for Review alleging that Joseph J. Dougherty
      (Petitioner) was properly classified under the Sexual Offender
      Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) is OVERRULED;

  (2) The PSP’s preliminary objection in the nature of a demurrer to the
      Amended Petition for Review alleging that the claims asserted are
      barred by the applicable statute of limitations is OVERRULED;
(3) The PSP’s preliminary objection in the nature of a demurrer to the
   Amended Petition for Review alleging that mandamus will not lie
   against the PSP is OVERRULED;

(4) The PSP’s preliminary objection in the nature of a demurrer to
   Petitioner’s ex post facto challenge to SORNA’s internet notification
   provision, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.28(a), under the Pennsylvania
   Constitution as set forth in the Amended Petition for Review is
   OVERRULED;

(5) The PSP’s preliminary objections are SUSTAINED with regard to the
   remaining claims set forth in the Amended Petition for Review;

(6) Petitioner’s claims that he is entitled to specific enforcement of his
   plea agreement pursuant to contract law and that the application of
   SORNA upon him violates the Contract Clauses of the United States
   and the Pennsylvania Constitutions are DISMISSED WITHOUT
   PREJUDICE to Petitioner’s right to file an action asserting such
   claims in the appropriate court of common pleas;

(7) Petitioner’s   remaining    claims    are    DISMISSED         WITH
   PREJUDICE; and

(8) The PSP shall file an Answer to Petitioner’s claims, set forth in
   Petitioner’s Amended Petition for Review, that SORNA’s internet
notification provision, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.28(a), violates the Ex Post
Facto Clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution within thirty (30) days
of the date of this Order.

                                  ________________________________
                                  RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
          IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Joseph J. Dougherty,                      :
                          Petitioner      :
                                          :
                   v.                     :    No. 537 M.D. 2014
                                          :    Argued: September 16, 2015
The Pennsylvania State Police of the      :
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,             :
                        Respondent        :

BEFORE:      HONORABLE DAN PELLEGRINI, President Judge
             HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge
             HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
             HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, Judge
             HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
             HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
             HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge

CONCURRING AND DISSENTING
OPINION BY JUDGE LEADBETTER                    FILED: April 27, 2016

             I must respectfully dissent, in part, because I do not believe that the
internet notice provision of SORNA implicates the ex post facto clause. Rather, I
would follow the reasoning of our sister court in Commonwealth v. Ackley, 58
A.3d 1284, 1286-87 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citing Commonwealth v. Williams, 832
A.2d 962 (Pa. 2003)). Accordingly, I would sustain that preliminary objection.
Otherwise, I concur in the results reached by the majority.

                                       _____________________________________
                                       BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
                                       Judge