Court Opinion

ID: 9954150
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-25 18:12:49.900556+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:11:51.377026
License: Public Domain

J-A18007-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

  SCIARRETTI SITE DEVELOPMENT &                     :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
  PAVING COMPANY, INC.                              :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                                    :
                                                    :
                v.                                  :
                                                    :
                                                    :
  MOON TOYOTA PARTNERS, LP.                         :
                                                    :   No. 169 WDA 2023
                       Appellant                    :

               Appeal from the Judgment Entered June 7, 2022
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Civil Division at
                            No(s): GD13007732

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and KUNSELMAN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.:                             FILED: March 25, 2024

       Appellant, Moon Toyota Partners, LP., appeals from the June 7, 2022

judgment entered in the amount of $248,197.62, in favor of Appellee,

Sciarretti Site Development & Paving Company, Inc. (“Sciarretti”).1               We

affirm.

                                               I.

       The trial court conveyed the underlying facts, which were adduced at a

non-jury trial, as follows:

____________________________________________

1 Sciarretti filed a praecipe to enter judgment on June 3, 2022, but Pa.R.Civ.P.

236 notice of the judgment was not provided until June 7, 2022. See
Pa.R.A.P. 108(b) (“The date of entry of an order in a matter subject to the
Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure shall be the day on which the clerk
makes the notation in the docket that notice of entry of the order has been
given as required by Pa.R.Civ.P. 236(b).”); Pa.R.Civ.P. 236(b) (directing that
the prothonotary shall note in the docket the giving of written notice to each
party’s attorney of record).
J-A18007-23

     The parties entered into a contract on February 24, 2011[,] where
     [Appellant] hired Sciarretti to provide site development and
     preparation services for the construction of its new car dealership
     located in Moon Township, Allegheny County[,] for a total price of
     $1,260,000.00. The parties agreed that Sciarretti would provide
     the site development and preparation services in three phases.
     Phase I included demolition of existing buildings. Phase II
     included site grading and excavation, grubbing and tree removal,
     digging test pits, removing unsuitable soil up to 3,335 cubic yards
     in the land fill dump area, implementing and maintaining soil
     erosion measures, installing storm sewers, installing sanitary
     sewer and water lines, installing site utilities within 5 feet of [the]
     building, installing site concrete including sidewalks, handicap
     ramps, light pole bases, curbs, pads, and installing a Redi-rock
     retaining wall along the northern property line. Phase III included
     paving of all parking lots and roadways with asphalt along with
     traffic signage and painting. The contract provided for the
     completion of Phase I and most of Phase II up to “pad ready” [—
     ]meaning ready for another contractor to begin the new building
     construction[ —] by May 2, 2011, with the balance of Phase II to
     be completed by June 14, 2011[,] excluding site concrete. Phase
     III and all other work was to be completed by September 5, 2011.
     Sciarretti was not responsible for the construction of the
     building[,] which was to occur before Sciarretti was to resume
     work and complete Phase III. The parties agreed upon an
     estimated duration of approximately seven (7) months[,]
     beginning in February 2011 to September 2011. This schedule
     was supplemented by Sciarretti’s Tentative Duration Schedule
     Goals on March 1, 2011.

     Prior to entering into the contract, Sciarretti was aware that a
     portion of the site had been used as a landfill waste dump and an
     indeterminate amount of unsuitable material was located on the
     site. The contract specifically provided for the digging of test pits
     in this area and required Sciarretti to remove 3,335 cubic yards of
     the unsuitable material. The parties further agreed that Sciarretti
     would receive additional payments for removal of unsuitable
     materials that exceeded the 3,335 cubic yards maximum amount.
     The contract also contained a rock clause, that was inserted at the
     insistence of Sciarretti, permitting the contractor to seek an
     equitable adjustment of the contract price in the event that rock
     was encountered during the excavation.

     Sciarretti commenced Phase I on February 24, 2011, which
     included mobilization of equipment and employees and building

                                      -2-
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       demolition which was performed by a subcontractor.            The
       demolition work included the removal of a small motel and a tint
       shop near the front of the property close to the main road.
       Demolition work was substantially completed on schedule except
       for the tint shop, which did not impede Sciarretti’s progress with
       its critical path activities of Phase I or Phase II.

       Sciarretti began Phase II work including tree removal and
       grubbing by a subcontractor with the assistance of some of
       Sciarretti’s crew at or near the time of completion of Phase [I].
       Simultaneously, Sciarretti also started to erect the silt fence to
       comply with the soil and erosion plan and remove and stockpile
       the topsoil. In March 2011, prior to the start of the site grading
       and excavation, test pits were dug in the old land fill portion and
       upon examination, the parties agreed that there was more
       unsuitable material than initially anticipated.         The actual
       unsuitable material found was 12,000 to 15,000 cubic yards,
       significantly more than the 3,335 cubic yards provided for in the
       contract. In an attempt to reduce costs, [Appellant] made plans
       to use as much of the unsuitable material as possible and made
       arrangements with the adjoi.ning [sic] property owner, the
       Allegheny County Port Authority, to dump the remainder of the
       waste material on their property.         Rather than hauling the
       unsuitable material off site to another landfill, [Appellant] had
       instructed Sciarretti to pile it in the northwest corner of the site,
       let it dry out and then separate the garbage from the useable soil
       and wait until [Appellant] obtained the necessary authorization to
       … haul [the] garbage to the adjoining Port Authority property. The
       digging of the test pits also revealed water in the area of the old
       landfill requiring the installation of a drainage system and the
       relocation of a drainage tank that had not been contemplated in
       the original plans.

       Sciarretti was approximately midway on the final[,] ten-foot
       bench cut for the landfill drainage system when they hit rock on
       May 25, 2011[,] in the area of the building pad. Sciarretti
       promptly notified [Appellant] and the site engineer. The engineer
       at Gateway Engineer[s2] testified that the rock was massive and
       “looked like an ocean with ripples on it.” It is undisputed that the
       rock mass encompassed 90% of the building’s footprint and
       required the base level to be lowered, delaying the project.
____________________________________________

2 Gateway Engineers was the civil engineer on the project and made the plans.

See N.T. Trial, 11/12/19-11/20/19, at 72.

                                           -3-
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     Approximately a week later the parties met to discuss solutions to
     the rock issue, and everyone agreed with Sciarretti’s suggestion
     to proceed with using a rock crusher on site and use the crushed
     rock for fill. Sciarretti permitted [Appellant] to contract directly
     with the rock crusher subcontractor, and his men and equipment
     did all the other work with the rock removal[,] except for putting
     the rock into the crusher. Sciarretti was paid extra for all its work
     and equipment used in the rock removal. The rock removal and
     additional work it created took an additional three and [a] half
     months.      Phase II was not completed and pad ready until
     approximately September 7, 2011.

     Work on the construction of the building started on September 22,
     2011[,] and was completed on April 3, 2012. Construction of the
     building took six and [a] half months to complete and not the four
     allotted for in the contract and Sciarretti’s Tentative Duration
     Schedule Goals. During the construction of the building, Sciarretti
     did not demobilize and continued to work at the site spreading
     topsoil, finishing the grading of the parking lots[,] and installing
     utilities. Also, during the construction of the building, additional
     rain leaders w[ere] added which were not part of the original plan
     and not connected to the storm sewer system. The building
     contractor ran these extra rain leaders across the southern
     parking lot area depositing excessive water on this portion of the
     parking area. Contamination and damage to the subbase in this
     area of the parking lot was caused by the building contractor’s
     operating their heavy equipment over the saturated and muddy
     parking lot. The delay in the construction of the building for two
     and [a] half months denied Sciarretti access to areas around the
     building and prevented them from completing their work in this
     area of the project.

     A portion of the retaining Redi-Wall had to be removed and
     reconstructed after being built in the wrong location due to faulty
     engineering plans. This work was completed during the winter
     months when the building was still under construction. Sciarretti
     was paid extra for this by Gateway [Engineers] and this was not
     part of Sciarretti’s delay claim.

     There were also delays with the installation of the sidewalks and
     ramps at the corner of University Boulevard and Port Authority
     Way due to the initial design flaws with the handicap ramps that
     w[ere] not compliant with PennDOT requirements and the
     improper placement of signage. These flaws required a portion of
     the sidewalk and ramp to be removed and redone. The initial

                                     -4-
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       sidewalk plans were provided to Sciarretti in August 2011, but
       they lacked sufficient detail on the construction of the handicap
       ramp and Sciarretti was told he could not proceed. Approximately
       nine months later, the corrected and approved plans were
       provided to Sciarretti on May 18,[ ]2012.

       There was a two-and-a-half-month delay in the completion of the
       construction of the building because [Appellant] had made
       changes to the building’s location and added an extra garage door.
       This required design changes to the sidewalk surrounding the
       building including the grade, the location of the expansion joints[,]
       and the lowering of the inset lighting. Sciarretti was provided the
       revised plans on April 25, 2012[,] but the plans did not provide
       the new elevation for the grade and height of the curbs. This
       change required Sciarretti to hire a surveyor to obtain the proper
       heights at its cost and created a delay in the installation of the
       building sidewalks and curbs. The window/glass and signage
       subcontractors[’] work on the building also delayed Sciarretti’s
       installation of the building sidewalks. Since all three contractors
       were working in the same limited area, Sciarretti had to wait until
       the glass and signage was installed before they could complete
       the work on the sidewalk.

       The record is clear that [Appellant’s] construction managers and
       owners were slow to respond to Sciarretti’s request for directions
       and additional drawings for changes made by [Appellant] to its
       original plans. This was particularly evident on the concrete
       portion of the job, including the sidewalks, ramps, curbs and the
       installation of parking lot light pole bases.

                Sciarretti’s Claims under the Contractor and
                 Subcontractor Payment Act (“CASPA”[)3]
____________________________________________

3 See 73 P.S. § 501 et seq.       This Court has described that:
       CASPA is a comprehensive statute enacted in 1994 to cure abuses
       within the building industry involving payments due from owners
       to contractors, contractors to subcontractors, and subcontractors
       to other subcontractors. The underlying purpose of CASPA is to
       protect contractors and subcontractors and to encourage fair
       dealing among parties to a construction contract. The statute
       provides rules and deadlines to ensure prompt payments, to
       discourage unreasonable withholding of payments, and to address
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                           -5-
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       On October 7, 2012, Sciarretti submitted what it believed to be
       the balance of its remaining[,] uncontested unpaid items under
       the base contract in the amount of $105,835.58. After the parties
       went back and forth regarding what [Appellant] claimed for back
       charges, it remitted a check in the amount of $60,186.70[,]
       withholding payment of $45,648.88. Sciarretti claims that the
       retention was without any substantiated basis since [Appellant]
       failed to provide documentation. At trial, Sciarretti admitted that
       [Appellant] was entitled to a $2,012.70 credit and it was owed
       $43,636.49.

       In addition, Sciarretti claims that it is owed $6,998.10 for the
       extra costs incurred in the installation of the outside drop of the
       sanitary sewer system required by Moon Township Sewage
       Authority, which was not part of the original plan. The initial and
       first revised plans called for an inside drop into an existing
       municipal manhole. Due to the location of existing utilities
       changing the elevation and drop, Sciarretti was unable to utilize
       the existing manhole pipe for an inside drop and was required by
       the municipality to construct an outside drop connection to be
       code compliant. Sciarretti claims that this was outside of the
       scope of the original and first revised plans and submitted a
       change order and is entitled to be paid for the extra time and costs
       incurred.

       Sciarretti’s other remaining contractual claim was for a
       $15,365.50 increase in the asphalt index due to the delay of ten
       months for the installation of the asphalt parking lots and
       roadways. The original contract’s asphalt pricing was based on
       2011 prices which was the season the asphalt was to be laid. Due
       to construction delays that were not the fault of Sciarretti, the
       asphalt was not installed until 2012. The cost of asphalt had gone
       up in price[,] and the $15,365[.]50 represents its additional cost
       for material above the original base contract.

____________________________________________

       the matter of progress payments and retainages.             Under
       circumstances prescribed in the statute, interest, penalties,
       attorney’s fees, and litigation expenses may be imposed on an
       owner, contractor, or subcontractor who fails to make payment to
       a contractor or subcontractor in compliance with the statute.

El-Gharbaoui v. Ajayi, 260 A.3d 944, 954 (Pa. Super. 2021) (cleaned up).

                                           -6-
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Trial Court Opinion (“TCO I”), 11/13/22, at 2-8 (unpaginated; internal

citations omitted).

      On May 1, 2013, Sciarretti filed an action against Appellant, alleging

breach of contract-delay and inefficiency costs, breach of contract-failure to

pay, and violations of CASPA.       A seven-day bench trial took place from

November 12th through 20th of 2019, at which the parties introduced over 200

trial exhibits. See id. at 2 n.1 (trial court’s noting that “the voluminous record

in this case included a transcript of 1,281 pages … along with over 200 trial

exhibits”) (unpaginated). Following the conclusion of trial, both parties filed

their proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law, as well as responses to

each other’s submissions.     On November 16, 2020, the trial court filed its

findings of fact and conclusions of law, along with a non-jury verdict in favor

of Sciarretti. Specifically, the trial court awarded Sciarretti delay damages in

the amount of $104,361.00, and damages in the amount of $43,636.49 for

the balance of the retainage, $6,998.10 for the additional costs associated

with the outside sewage drop box, and $15,365.50 for the increase in the cost

                                      -7-
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of asphalt.4, 5 The trial court ordered that interest and attorney fee claims

pursuant to CASPA should be brought by post-trial motion.

       Both parties filed post-trial motions, and the trial court ordered that an

evidentiary hearing take place limited to Sciarretti’s claims under CASPA for

interest, penalty interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs. The trial court held the

evidentiary hearing on November 17, 2021, at which more exhibits were

introduced.6 Thereafter, the trial court filed supplemental findings of fact and

conclusions of law, in which it re-affirmed its previous findings in favor of

Sciarretti. It also awarded Sciarretti $77,836.53 in interest and attorneys’

fees under CASPA. On January 20, 2022, the trial court filed an amended

non-jury verdict to reflect its additional findings.

       Appellant filed a supplemental post-trial motion to the amended verdict,

which the trial court subsequently denied.       Nevertheless, on February 17,

____________________________________________

4 We note that Sciarretti sought delay damages in excess of $1.2 million. N.T.
at 634 (Sciarretti’s expert’s opining that the total damages incurred by
Sciarretti from the delays equates to $1,287,430.01). However, the trial court
awarded much less to Sciarretti, after finding that delays caused by the rock,
unsuitable materials, and excessive rainfall in spring of 2011 were not the
fault of either party and not the basis of a delay claim. TCO I at 11-13
(unpaginated). See also Sciarretti’s Brief at 11 (“[W]hile [Sciarretti] sought
damages arising from ten (10) months of delay, the [l]ower [c]ourt reduced
the delay claim to only two (2) months as a result of impacts not caused by
Appellant.”).

5 The trial court’s November 13, 2020 non-jury verdict did not indicate that

Sciarretti’s claims for the outside drop box and increase in asphalt cost fell
under CASPA.

6 At this hearing, Appellant — for the first time — introduced evidence as to

why it withheld payment from Sciarretti.

                                           -8-
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2022, the trial court filed a second amended non-jury verdict to clarify that

the outside sewage drop box and asphalt claims were CASPA claims, in

addition to Sciarretti’s $43,636.49 retention claim. On June 3, 2022, Sciarretti

filed a praecipe to enter judgment, and judgment in the amount of

$248,197.62 was entered against Appellant on June 7, 2022. Appellant timely

filed a notice of appeal, and complied with the trial court’s instruction to file a

concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.

1925(b).7 The trial court thereafter issued a Rule 1925(a) opinion.

       Before Appellant filed its appellate brief, on March 15, 2023, it filed an

application to correct the record on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1926 with

this Court. See Appellant’s Rule 1926 Application to Correct the Record on

Appeal and For Extension of Time (First) to File Appellant’s Brief, 3/15/23.8
____________________________________________

7  Because Appellant stated that it did not receive the trial court’s order
directing it to file a concise statement, the trial court permitted Appellant to
file its concise statement nunc pro tunc.

8 Rule 1926 provides, in relevant part:

       (a) If any difference arises as to whether the record truly discloses
       what occurred in the trial court, the difference shall be submitted
       to and settled by that court after notice to the parties and
       opportunity for objection, and the record made to conform to the
       truth.

       (b) If anything material to a party is omitted from the record by
       error, breakdown in processes of the court, or accident or is
       misstated therein, the omission or misstatement may be corrected
       by the following means:

       (1) by the trial court or the appellate court upon application or on
       its own initiative at any time; in the event of correction or
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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In Appellant’s application, it stated, inter alia, that it “carefully reviewed the

trial court’s Record Inventory List to ensure it contained all documents

necessary to address the issues raised on appeal[,]” and “determined that the

Record Inventory was deficient in that it did not contain the parties’ [t]rial

[e]xhibits, many of which are implicated in this appeal.”           Id. at ¶¶ 3, 4.

Appellant explained that, “[o]n March 3, 2023, Appellant contacted the trial

court and was informed that the trial exhibits were inadvertently omitted from

the record.” Id. at ¶ 5. Appellant asserted that, “[d]ue to error, breakdown

in processes of the court and/or accident, the trial court has not yet

supplemented the record with the parties’ trial exhibits[,]” and that “there

appears to be some confusion in the trial court as to whether it is Appellant’s

obligation to retrieve and deliver the trial exhibits to the Superior Court for

inclusion in the record.”       Id. at ¶¶ 6, 7.    Consequently, pursuant to Rule

____________________________________________

       modification by the trial court, that court shall direct that a
       supplemental record be certified and transmitted if necessary; or

       (2) by the parties by stipulation filed in the trial court, in which
       case, if the trial court clerk has already certified the record, the
       parties shall file in the appellate court a copy of any stipulation
       filed pursuant to this rule, and the trial court clerk shall certify and
       transmit as a supplemental record the materials described in the
       stipulation.

       (c) The trial court clerk shall transmit any supplemental record
       required by this rule within 14 days of the order or stipulation that
       requires it.

       (d) All other questions as to the form and content of the record
       shall be presented to the appellate court.

Pa.R.A.P. 1926.

                                          - 10 -
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1926(b)(1), Appellant requested that this Court enter an order directing the

trial court to certify and submit the parties’ trial exhibits as a supplemental

record. Id. at ¶ 8.

      Thereafter, on April 6, 2023, this Court entered a per curiam order, in

which we, among other things, denied without prejudice Appellant’s

application to correct the record.     Specifically, we stated that Appellant’s

“application to correct is DENIED without prejudice to Appellant to file an

application for relief with the trial court pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1926(a) (stating

that differences as to contents of the trial court record be submitted to trial

court).” Order, 4/6/23 (single page; emphasis in original).

      A few weeks later, on April 26, 2023, Appellant filed its appellate brief,

raising the following issues for our review, which we have re-ordered for ease

of disposition:
      I. Whether the trial court committed an error of law in returning a
      non[-]jury verdict in favor of Sciarretti for contract funds withheld
      by the owner out of the retention, under circumstances in which
      Sciar[r]etti failed to meet the burden of proof to show that the
      amounts in question were properly due and payable, or were
      properly withheld by the owner because either work was deleted
      or the work was performed but was deficient?

      II. Whether Sciarretti failed in its burden of proving any period of
      delay attributable solely to [Appellant] that is quantifiable in any
      particular number of days, such that the award of damages for
      sixty (60) days of compensable delay is not founded on the
      evidence?

      III. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law in its amended
      non-jury verdict, entered on January [20], 2022, by awarding
      statutory interest under the provisions of [CASPA] ancillary to the
      award of damages for the outside (sewage) drop connection (box)
      and the increase in the price of asphalt, when those items of

                                      - 11 -
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      Sciarretti’s claims are not properly cognizable under the provisions
      of CASPA?

      IV. Whether the trial court committed an error of law in calculating
      the award of interest due under CASPA, particularly as it relates
      to including interest accrued after the non-jury verdict rendered
      on November 13, 2020, and impermissibly calculated interest
      through January 30, 2022?

Appellant’s Brief at 5-6 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).

      Along with its brief, on April 26, 2023, Appellant filed a reproduced

record. The table of contents for the reproduced record shows that it contains

28 trial exhibits, which is only a small fraction of the exhibits purportedly

introduced below. See TCO I at 2 n.1 (trial court’s noting that there were

over 200 trial exhibits) (unpaginated).        Thereafter, Sciarretti filed a brief,

Appellant submitted a reply, and oral argument took place. While this appeal

has been pending, however, this Court has not received a supplemental record

containing exhibits from trial or the November 17, 2021 hearing.

                                           II.

      Consequently, prior to delving into Appellant’s issues, we must address

the state of the certified record before us. This Court was never informed of

what transpired below following our April 6, 2023 order directing Appellant to

file an application for relief in the trial court to correct the record. Since that

time, the parties have filed nothing further in this Court regarding the record

and, as previously mentioned, we received no supplemental record containing

exhibits. After no supplemental record containing exhibits was transmitted to

this Court, we conducted an informal inquiry and learned that filings pertaining

to the record had been made below following our April 6, 2023 order. We

                                      - 12 -
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asked the trial court to send us these filings as a supplemental record, and it

did so on February 12, 2024.

      A review of the filings in the supplemental record reveals the following.

On April 11, 2023, pursuant to Rule 1926, Appellant filed an application to

correct the record on appeal with the trial court. Appellant again pointed out

that “the Record Inventory was deficient in that it did not contain the parties’

[t]rial [e]xhibits, many of which are implicated in this appeal.” Appellant’s

Rule 1926 Application to Correct, 4/11/23, at ¶ 3.         Appellant therefore

requested that, pursuant to Rule 1926(b)(1), the trial court certify and submit

the parties’ trial exhibits to the Superior Court as a supplemental record at

the trial court’s earliest convenience. Id. at ¶ 6.

      On April 17, 2023, the trial court issued an order denying in part and

granting in part Appellant’s request. In its order, the trial court stated the

following in relevant part:
      AND NOW, this 17th day of April 2023, after review of
      [Appellant’s] Rule 1926 Application to Correct Record on Appeal,
      it is ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and DECREED, that [Appellant’s]
      Application is DENIED in part as to Pa.R.A.P. 1926(b)(1) and
      GRANTED in part under Pa.R.A.P. 1926(b)(2).

      Under Pa.R.A.P. 1926(b)(2), the parties shall file exhibit
      stipulations within ten (10) days from the date of this order and
      notify my staff at the below emails once filed.          Once the
      stipulations are filed with [the Department of Court Records], they
      will be certified and transmitted as a supplemental record in
      accordance with the filed stipulations. The parties also will have
      to file their stipulations in the Superior Court as required by
      Pa.R.A.P. 1926(b)(2).

      I am unable to transmit the copy of exhibits that I was provided
      as requested in [Appellant’s] Application under Pa.R.A.P.

                                     - 13 -
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      1926(b)(1) because there are notations that were made by me on
      the exhibits.

Order, 4/17/23, at 1 (unpaginated; capitalization in original).

      Subsequently, on April 26, 2023, the parties filed a stipulation in the

trial court entitled, “Stipulation Governing the Reproduced Record Pursuant to

[Pa.]R.A.P. 1926(b)(2)[.]”      Stipulation, 4/26/23, at 2 (unpaginated).     The

stipulation states the following:
      NOW COMES … Sciarretti…, by and through its undersigned
      counsel, and comes [Appellant], by and through its undersigned
      counsel, and pursuant to this [c]ourt’s April 1[7], 2023 Order and
      Rule 1926(b)(2) of the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure,
      hereby stipulate that the materials attached hereto shall
      constitute the agreed-upon Reproduced Record in the captioned
      matter.

Id. The parties attached to the stipulation the reproduced record filed with

this Court on April 26, 2023.

      It is well-established that “[i]t is the obligation of the appellant to make

sure that the record forwarded to an appellate court contains those documents

necessary to allow a complete and judicious assessment of the issues raised

on appeal.” Commonwealth v. Shreffler, 249 A.3d 575, 584 (Pa. Super.

2021) (citations omitted). “Our law is unequivocal that the responsibility rests

upon the appellant to ensure that the record certified on appeal is complete

in the sense that it contains all of the materials necessary for the reviewing

court to perform its duty.” Commonwealth v. Preston, 904 A.2d 1, 7 (Pa.

Super. 2006) (citation omitted). This Court has previously explained that it

“cannot meaningfully review claims raised on appeal unless we are provided

with a full and complete certified record. … In the absence of an adequate

                                      - 14 -
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certified record, there is no support for an appellant’s arguments and, thus,

there is no basis on which relief could be granted.” Id. (citation omitted).

       Here, Appellant noticed that the exhibits were missing from the certified

record transmitted on appeal and sought supplementation of the record, first

in our Court and then below.           However, in attempting to supplement the

record below, multiple errors occurred.

       First, in the trial court’s April 17, 2023 order directing the parties to file

exhibit stipulations pursuant to Rule 1926(b)(2), the trial court specifically

pointed out that the parties would have to file their stipulation in this Court.

See Order, 4/17/23, at 1 (“The parties also will have to file their stipulations

in the Superior Court as required by Pa.R.A.P. 1926(b)(2).”) (unpaginated).

Rule 1926(b)(2) explicitly directs the parties to file a copy of the stipulation in

this Court. See Pa.R.A.P. 1926(b)(2) (stating that the parties can correct the

record “by stipulation filed in the trial court, in which case, if the trial court

clerk has already certified the record, the parties shall file in the appellate

court a copy of any stipulation filed pursuant to this rule, and the trial

court clerk shall certify and transmit as a supplemental record the materials

described in the stipulation”) (emphasis added). Nevertheless, the parties did

not file a copy of the stipulation in this Court.9

____________________________________________

9 We acknowledge that the Department of Court Records also failed to transmit

a supplemental record to us upon the filing of the stipulation in accordance
with Rule 1926 and the trial court’s order. See Pa.R.A.P. 1926(b)(2), supra;
Pa.R.A.P. 1926(c) (“The trial court clerk shall transmit any supplemental
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 15 -
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       Second, the parties entered a stipulation governing the reproduced

record.      Specifically, they agreed that the materials attached to the

stipulation would constitute the reproduced record in the matter.         As the

stipulation pertains to the reproduced record, it does not address correcting

or supplementing the certified record.

       Finally, and most critically, the materials attached to the parties’

stipulation are the same materials included in the reproduced record filed in

this Court.10    This means that it encompasses only a small fraction of the

exhibits that were introduced below and considered by the trial court.11       As

such, we do not have a full and complete record before us.

____________________________________________

record required by this rule within 14 days of the order or stipulation that
requires it.”); Order, 4/17/23, at 1 (“Once the stipulations are filed with [the
Department of Court Records], they will be certified and transmitted as a
supplemental record in accordance with the filed stipulations.”) (unpaginated).
However, we reiterate that it is the appellant’s responsibility to ensure that
the reviewing court has all the materials necessary to perform its duty.
Preston, 904 A.2d at 7. Here, it appears that Appellant never checked the
appellate docket to see if a transmittal of a supplemental record occurred.
Further, the Department of Court Records may have been confused on
whether it should transmit a supplemental record, given that the stipulation
addresses the reproduced record, not the certified record.

10 The materials attached to the stipulation also include things besides
exhibits, such as parts of the transcript and the trial court’s findings of fact
and conclusions of law. This inclusion of other materials contravenes the trial
court’s order directing the parties to file exhibit stipulations. Order, 4/17/23,
at 1 (“Under Pa.R.A.P. 1926(b)(2), the parties shall file exhibit stipulations….”)
(unpaginated).

11 To the extent that the trial court wrote on the copy of the exhibits it was

provided, there is no indication that Appellant sought to have the trial court
redact its notes or fashion some other relief.

                                          - 16 -
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      The foregoing errors are troublesome, and we express our displeasure

that this Court has had to spend considerable time and effort trying to unravel

what occurred below following our April 6, 2023 order. Nevertheless, to the

extent we are able, given the limited record before us, we proceed to review

the questions Appellant raises on appeal.

                                       III.

                                    Issue 1

      In Appellant’s first issue, it argues that the trial court erred as a matter

of law in finding that Appellant violated CASPA because Sciarretti did not prove

that Appellant breached the contract by failing to pay Sciarretti for work

Sciarretti satisfactorily performed.     Appellant’s Brief at 26.     To prevail,

Appellant contends that Sciarretti had to show that Appellant “breached the

contract by proving, (a) while Sciarretti complied with all preconditions to

payment, [Appellant] nevertheless (b) failed in its contractual duty to pay

Sciarretti for work Sciarretti satisfactorily performed in accordance with the

[c]ontract, (c) resulting in damages.” Id. at 27. To support its argument,

Appellant says that Sciarretti admitted it never satisfied a necessary

precondition to payment, namely providing as-built drawings, id. at 28, and

failed to prove that, for seven disputed items, it had performed the work

satisfactorily but had not been paid, id. at 29.

      Initially, our scope and standard of review in this matter is
         limited to a determination of whether the findings of the trial
         court are supported by competent evidence and whether the
         trial court committed error in the application of law.

                                       - 17 -
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         Findings of the trial judge in a non-jury case must be given
         the same weight and effect on appeal as a verdict of a jury
         and will not be disturbed on appeal absent error of law or
         abuse of discretion. When this Court reviews the findings of
         the trial judge, the evidence is viewed in the light most
         favorable to the victorious party below and all evidence and
         proper inferences favorable to that party must be taken as
         true and all unfavorable inferences rejected.

      As with all questions of law, our review is plenary.

Beckwith Machinery Co. v. National Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh,

890 A.2d 403, 405-06 (Pa. Super. 2005) (cleaned up).

      Further, we recognize that:
      By its terms, CASPA applies to construction contracts. One must
      first establish a contractual right to payment pursuant to either a
      written or oral contract, and breach of that contract, to be entitled
      to CASPA relief. Thus, the construction contract is the starting
      point of any CASPA analysis. CASPA does not supplant the
      traditional breach of contract action between contracting parties;
      it merely makes additional remedies available to contractors and
      subcontractors when they are not promptly paid by the party with
      which they contracted.

See Scungio Borst & Associates v. 410 Shurs Lane Developers, LLC,

106 A.3d 103, 109 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc) (citations omitted); see also

73 P.S. § 504 (“Performance by a contractor or a subcontractor in accordance

with the provisions of a contract shall entitle the contractor or subcontractor

to payment from the party with whom the contractor or subcontractor has

contracted.”). To prove a breach of contract, one must show “(1) existence

of a contract, including its essential terms, (2) a breach of a duty imposed by

the contract and (3) resultant damages.” CoreStates Bank, N.A. v. Cutillo,

723 A.2d 1053, 1058 (Pa. Super. 1999) (citation omitted).

                                     - 18 -
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      Our review of the record shows that, at trial, Chris Sciarretti — who

works for Sciarretti — discussed the contract entered into between Sciarretti

and Appellant.     See generally N.T. at 51-71 (generally discussing the

contract). He outlined the work Sciarretti performed, see generally id. at

74-138, and relayed that Sciarretti submitted a final application for payment

of the contract balance in the amount of $105,835.58 on October 7, 2012.

Id. at 148-50. He explained that Appellant, in response, only issued a roughly

$60,000.00 payment to Sciarretti. Id. When asked about Appellant’s failure

to pay Sciarretti the full amount Sciarretti believed it was owed under the

contract, Mr. Sciarretti testified to the following:
      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Do you know why on a $105,835 payment
      application you only received payment of $60,000?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] Because they took out some of the change orders.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Can you go to Exhibit 95?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes. Okay.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] This is an e-mail from Mark Nous to
      Sciarretti?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Who is Mark Nous?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] I think he’s their financial guy.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Does the attachment to this e-mail, does
      that explain the deductions down to $60,186?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] Their version, yes.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] It lists a number of things, correct?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] That’s correct.

                                      - 19 -
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     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Do you agree … that they are entitled to a
     credit for removing 310 feet of concrete curbing around the
     building?

     [Mr. Sciarretti:] I’d have to see it.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Had you gotten any more            detailed
     information other than what’s on this piece of paper?

     [Mr. Sciarretti:] No.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Have you requested it?

     [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] The next item there, $5,928 credit to
     change of three-inch bicycle grates on 24 … catch basins rather
     than ten-inch?

     [Mr. Sciarretti:] I never specified three-inch, six-inch. When I bid
     the project, I knew that I had put grates on these catch basins.
     If the grates change, that’s an industry standard too. That’s
     usually somebody trying to create more fall or change the
     elevation, so I never specified what -- how many inches those
     things would be.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Is it fair to say you put in what they asked
     for?

     [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes, it is.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] The next credit, $10,500 for 120 lineal feet
     less of storm water pipe and five catch basins?

     [Mr. Sciarretti:] Again, I’d have no backup on any of those things.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] So do you agree with that?

     [Mr. Sciarretti:] Do not.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] $7,000 credit owed for eliminating walking
     path?

     [Mr. Sciarretti:] The walking trail was part of the landscaping
     package which was eliminated immediately upon acceptance of
     this contract. They snuck it back in on a note in the contract, and
     then further down in the note, it’s eliminated again in the
     landscaping package being eliminated. It was never part of
     anything I owed them once they pulled the landscaping out.

                                     - 20 -
J-A18007-23

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] When you bid the project, you –- we saw
      earlier today breakdowns of particular work scopes?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] If you look at the landscaping, the walking trails
      is part of my landscaping package that they removed.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] And they removed the full amount of that?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] They removed the full amount of the landscaping
      package, yes.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] $2,012.39 for credit due for removal of
      concrete and adding paving at Port Authority Drive. Do you agree
      with that credit?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yeah. I agree with this one.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Credit, $5,000 credit for bad concrete work
      around building. Do you agree with that?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] Absolutely not.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Was any of your concrete work rejected?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yeah. There were some pads out around the
      sidewalk that did not meet the cross lift. We removed and
      replaced them within a week.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] $11,488.50 credit for removal of paving
      access road to cell tower? Do you agree with that?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] No.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Was that installed?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes.

Id. at 150-52.

      On   cross-examination,    Appellant’s     counsel   then   questioned   Mr.

Sciarretti about Mr. Nous’s email, as follows:
      [Appellant’s counsel:] So let’s just start with one of the last items.
      Exhibit 95 was the e-mail from Mark Nous, the controller at Ross

                                     - 21 -
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       Development,[12] in which he attached certain adds and deducts,
       getting from the $105,000 down to the 60 that they paid you; is
       that correct?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] Now, that $105,000 that you billed for, that
       was the retainage on the job, was it not?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] May have been, yes.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] So you’re saying to Ross, pay me the
       remainder of the retainage because I’m done with the work, so to
       restate the question. You’re saying to Ross, I’m done with the
       work; is that correct?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] You’re saying, you’re retaining $105,000 as
       the retainage; is that correct?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] And you billed for the full 105; is that
       correct?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] And they had certain adds and deducts
       attached to this Nous e-mail explaining why they thought they
       were entitled to retain $45,000 of the $105,000; is that correct?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] And your testimony here today when your
       counsel asked, you said, well, I didn’t have enough information to
       evaluate some of these deducts, and he said, did you ask for it?
       And you testified that you did; is that correct?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Could be.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] Could be. Well, let’s get it straight. When
       you got this Exhibit 95, you got it, you looked at it; is that correct?

____________________________________________

12Ross Development Company served as the construction manager on the
project. N.T. at 71.

                                          - 22 -
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       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Counsel, I could have asked him over the
       telephone. It doesn’t necessarily have to show up in a text
       message.

                                           ***

       [Appellant’s counsel:] … You got the e-mail, you looked at it.
       Correct?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes, that’s correct.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] You saw items that you felt you needed
       more information for; is that correct?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yes, that’s correct.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] Such as the deduct of the 310 feet of
       concrete; is that correct? That was one of them that you said you
       needed information on; is that right?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Okay. Yes.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] Is that right?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Sure.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] And your counsel asked and you testified
       that you asked for it; is that correct?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] That’s correct.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] And who did you ask, sir?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Could have easily been Mark. It could have been
       Tony, and it could have been Tim.[13]

       [Appellant’s counsel:] Could have been the man in the moon?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Could have been the man on the moon.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] Who did you ask, sir, for that information?

____________________________________________

13 Along with Mr. Nous, these individuals also worked for Ross Development.

See N.T. at 71 (Mr. Sciarretti’s stating that Tony Ross was part of Ross
Development); id. at 73 (stating that Tim Petrilla is Ross Development’s on-
site individual).

                                          - 23 -
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      [Mr. Sciarretti:] I’m pretty sure I asked Tim Petrilla.

      [Appellant’s counsel:] You’re sure.

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] That’s right.

      [Appellant’s counsel:] How did you do that?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] I could have said very simply that, hey, look, you
      guys are trying [t]o give me all these back charges, and I think
      you need to give me backup with them.

                                        ***

      [Appellant’s counsel:] Can you tell this [c]ourt when you asked,
      who you asked and how for the information that you’ve already
      testified under oath you asked for?

      [Mr. Sciarretti:] No, I can’t.

Id. at 155-58.

      Based on our review of the trial transcript, Appellant’s counsel did not

ask Mr. Sciarretti anything more about any of the deductions, nor did

Appellant present evidence countering Mr. Sciarretti’s testimony as to the

propriety of the deductions. Later in the trial, Appellant’s counsel asked if

Sciarretti provided as-built drawings, to which Mr. Sciarretti stated he did not

believe it did. Id. at 349.

      At the end of Sciarretti’s case-in-chief, Appellant generally moved for a

compulsory non-suit, but deferred any argument on it. Id. at 1154. After

Appellant rested, Appellant generally moved for the entry of judgment, but

again deferred any argument on it. Id. at 1202. The parties then gave closing

arguments. In Appellant’s closing, it argued, in relevant part:
      What the adds and the deducts are – and there was very little
      testimony about it, and that’s the point I’m going to get to. But
      what these are is, at the end of the day, retrospectively, the owner
      gets a billing to release the 105, looks at items of work that were

                                        - 24 -
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      deleted and should be a credit, looks at change orders that had
      been submitted but for whatever reason the work wasn’t done,
      takes the position that part of a change order for the
      administration cost of handling a rock problem, which I’ll get to,
      it was billed in an excessive amount, and there are little
      adjustments. That’s what the adds and deducts are.

      The only evidence really on it was it was shown to Mr. Sciarretti.
      He went through it point by point, and he either said, I agree with
      it, it’s right, which he did as to a few items, or he said, I don’t
      have enough information to deal with it. And he was asked, did
      you ask for it? And he said, I did. And on cross I asked him, who
      did you ask and when, and he couldn’t tell the [c]ourt who he
      asked, when he asked, or how he asked. … So they have the
      burden of proof. They didn’t meet it. … [T]hat’s really the only
      part of the case that there’s any unanswered questions about.

Id. at 1216-17.

      Following trial, the trial court concluded that “Sciarretti is entitled to be

paid $43,636.49 being the balance owed on the application for final payment

under the contract.” TCO I at 15 (unpaginated). In doing so, it noted that

Appellant “never disputed Sciarretti’s CASPA claim to the balance of the

retainage due under the contract.” Id. (citation omitted). In its subsequent

Rule 1925(a) opinion, it further elaborated:
      First, my findings of fact are supported in the record by the
      preponderance of the evidence that [Appellant] breached the
      contract by not paying the balance of the retention funds in the
      amount of $43,636.49. My findings of fact[] are supported in the
      record by Mr. Sciarretti’s testimony, whom I found to be a credible
      witness. He credibly testified that [Sciarretti] had sent [its] final
      application for payment of the retainage on October 7, 2012, in
      the amount of $105,835.68, which was 10% of the original
      contract amount. Mr. Sciarretti ultimately received a check for
      $60,000.00, and an email listing seven setoffs or back charges
      totaling approximately $45,000.00. Mr. Sciarretti further credibly
      testified to each of these back charges in which he refuted each
      one, except the back charge of $2,012.70 for the removal of
      concrete and the additional paving to Port Authority Drive with

                                      - 25 -
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      which he agreed. Mr. Sciarretti credibly testified that he had
      requested additional information from [Appellant] regarding some
      of their setoffs, but [Appellant] failed to respond.

      Specifically, Mr. Sciarretti testified that the back charges for the
      removal of 310 feet of curbing and 120 feet of storm water pipe
      and five fewer catch basins needed additional documentation from
      [Appellant] which was never provided. Regarding the bicycle
      grates set off, Mr. Sciarretti noted that [Appellant] is not entitled
      to any credits for the grates installed because the contract did not
      specify the size and the grates were installed to industry
      standards. Mr. Sciarretti testified that the walking path was part
      of the landscaping package which had been removed by
      [Appellant] in the original contract, and therefore, [Appellant]
      requested credit for work that Sciarretti was not contractually
      responsible for. Regarding the credit for poor concrete work, Mr.
      Sciarretti was emphatic that all substandard concrete work was
      removed and redone. Mr. Sciarretti also testified that the access
      road to the cell tower was installed and paved, and [Appellant’s]
      request for $11,488.50 setoff was incorrect.           I found Mr.
      Sciarretti’s testimony credible which was supported and bolstered
      by his acceptance and admittance that one of the back charges
      was valid. I also found it telling that [Appellant] never provided
      any evidence or testimony disputing Sciarretti’s CASPA claim to
      the balance of the retainage due under the contract during the
      initial seven-day trial. The evidence regarding the retainage
      under CASPA was uncontroverted. The record is clear that
      Sciarretti’s CASPA claim was supported by the weight of the
      evidence, and on the retainage issue, [Appellant] did not present
      any compelling evidence to weigh.

Trial Court Opinion (“TCO II”), 8/19/22, at 5-6 (unpaginated; citation

omitted).

      Initially, upon review, Exhibit 95 — Mr. Nous’s email — is not contained

in the parties’ stipulation. We reiterate that it is the appellant’s responsibility

to ensure that the record is complete for our review, and point out that it is

not our job to scour the record to locate evidence. See Shreffler, 249 A.3d

at 584 (“It is the obligation of the appellant to make sure that the record

                                      - 26 -
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forwarded to an appellate court contains those documents necessary to allow

a complete and judicious assessment of the issues raised on appeal.”)

(citations omitted); Wallace v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance

Company, 199 A.3d 1249, 1255 (Pa. Super. 2018) (“We shall not … scour

the record to find evidence to support an argument….”) (citation omitted).

Nevertheless, we were able to locate Mr. Nous’s email elsewhere in the

certified record. See Complaint, 5/1/13, at Exhibit 2. See also Appellant’s

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement, 7/7/22, at 2-3 (quoting from Mr. Nous’s email).

      Still, no relief is due on Appellant’s first issue. First, with respect to

Sciarretti’s failure to provide as-built drawings, we deem Appellant’s

contention waived. Appellant improperly raised its argument about the as-

built drawings for the first time in its “Response in Support of its Opposition

to [Sciarretti’s] Motion for Post-Trial Relief[,]” filed on March 29, 2021. See

Pa.R.Civ.P. 227.1(b) (stating that “post-trial relief may not be granted unless

the grounds therefor, … if then available, were raised in pre-trial proceedings

or by motion, objection, point for charge, request for findings of fact or

conclusions of law, offer of proof or other appropriate method at trial; and …

are specified in the motion”); Appellant’s Reply Brief 1 (stating that it raised

this issue in “[Appellant’s] Response in Support of its Opposition to

[Sciarretti’s] Motion for Post-Trial Relief Pursuant to Pa.R.Civ.P. 227.1”)

(italics omitted).   In addition, Appellant did not specifically raise its claim

pertaining to the as-built drawings in its Rule 1925(b) statement, and the trial

court did not address it in its Rule 1925(a) opinion.            See Pa.R.A.P.

                                     - 27 -
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1925(b)(4)(vii) (“Issues not included in the Statement and/or not raised in

accordance with provisions of this paragraph (b)(4) are waived.”); see also

Greater Erie Indus. Development Corp. v. Presque Isle Downs, Inc.,

88 A.3d 222, 225 (Pa. Super. 2014) (“[I]n determining whether an appellant

has waived his issues on appeal based on non-compliance with Pa.R.A.P.

1925, it is the trial court’s order that triggers an appellant’s obligation[.

T]herefore, we look first to the language of that order.”) (citations omitted);

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Order, 6/13/22, at 1 (warning that “[a]ny issue not properly

included in the Statement timely filed and served shall be deemed waived”).

For the above-stated reasons, this aspect of Appellant’s first issue is waived.14

       Second, we agree with the trial court that, at trial, Appellant did not

contest Mr. Sciarretti’s testimony that, for four of the deductions, either (i)

____________________________________________

14 Even if not waived, the record does not indicate that Mr. Nous raised any

complaint in his email that Sciarretti did not provide as-built drawings, and
that Appellant was withholding payment on that basis. See 73 P.S. § 509(d)
(“Withholding of retainage for longer than 30 days after final acceptance of
the work shall be subject to the obligations imposed upon the owner,
contractor or subcontractor in section 6(b) or 11(b).”) (footnote omitted); 73
P.S. § 506(a) (“The owner may withhold payment for deficiency items
according to the terms of the construction contract.”); 73 P.S. § 506(b)
(stating that, if an owner withholds payments, the owner shall “notify the
contractor of the deficiency item by a written explanation of its good faith
reason[,]” and that failure to comply “shall constitute a waiver of the basis to
withhold payment and necessitate payment of the contractor in full for the
invoice”). Further, despite Appellant’s claim on appeal that Sciarretti’s
provision of as-built drawings was a necessary contractual prerequisite for
Sciarretti’s receiving any payment of the retainage, we point out that
Appellant had previously paid Sciarretti a portion of the retainage, even
though Sciarretti had provided it with no as-built drawings. See N.T. at 149-
50.

                                          - 28 -
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Sciarretti sufficiently performed the work (namely, installed acceptable bicycle

grates, fixed bad concrete work, and installed the paving access road), or (ii)

the work had been removed from the contract (namely, the walking trail),

such that Appellant was requesting credit for work Sciarretti was not

responsible to complete.         Mr. Sciarretti’s assertions on these items went

unchallenged by Appellant at trial, and the trial court was free to accept Mr.

Sciarretti’s testimony about them. See Beckwith Machinery Co., supra.

As such, no relief is due for these items.15

       Finally, for the remaining disputed items (the concrete curbing, the

storm water pipe, and the catch basins), the trial court credited Mr. Sciarretti’s

testimony that Appellant did not provide Sciarretti with support for these

deductions, despite his requests for more information about them. Further,

at trial, Mr. Sciarretti generally represented that Sciarretti had completed the

contractual work and that Appellant owed it the full balance of the retainage.

See N.T. at 148-50, 155-56. Appellant, in turn, proffered no evidence at trial

refuting this assertion.      As such, viewing the evidence in the light most

favorable to Sciarretti as the verdict winner, the record supports that Sciarretti

completed the work and Appellant owed Sciarretti payment for these items.
____________________________________________

15 Although the trial court permitted Appellant to present new testimony about

these deductions at the November 17, 2021 evidentiary hearing, the trial court
later indicated that it believed that Appellant should have disputed Sciarretti’s
claim to the balance of the retainage at trial. See TCO II at 5-6 (unpaginated),
supra. As such, it appears that the trial court chose to disregard the
testimony proffered by Appellant at the later evidentiary hearing. We see no
error or abuse of discretion in this regard, as we agree that Appellant had the
opportunity to present this evidence at trial and failed to do so.

                                          - 29 -
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See Beckwith Machinery Co., supra. Accordingly, no relief is due for these

items either.

                                        Issue 2

      In Appellant’s second issue, it claims that Sciarretti “failed in its burden

of proving any period of delay attributable solely to [Appellant] that is

quantifiable in any particular number of days, such that the award of damages

for sixty (60) days of compensable delay is not founded on the evidence[.]”

Appellant’s Brief at 6 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).      Appellant says

that, “[i]n order to recover for an alleged compensable delay, a contractor

must prove: (1) the extent of the delay with a reasonable degree of accuracy;

(2) the delay was caused solely [by] the [owner’s] actions; and (3) the delay

caused specific, quantifiable injury to the contractor.” Id. at 42 (quoting A.G.

Cullen Const., Inc. v. State System of Higher Education, 898 A.2d 1145,

1160 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2006), disapproved of on other grounds by A. Scott

Enterprises, Inc. v. City of Allentown, 142 A.3d 779 (Pa. 2016) (citation

omitted)).

      Appellant complains that “nowhere in its [findings of fact and

conclusions of law] or in its [o]pinion does the trial court analyze the facts and

applicable law, ‘connect the dots’ by identifying a specific period of delay

proven by Sciarretti with reasonable accuracy, find that the cause of that delay

was solely the inexcusable actions or inactions of [Appellant] and no other

cause, and then connect[] the dots to a specified, quantifiable injury flowing

directly therefrom.” Id. at 46-47. It raises various reasons to supports its

                                     - 30 -
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argument that, had the trial court conducted the proper analysis, it would

have concluded that Sciarretti failed to prove a compensable construction

delay, including that (i) there are no cases in Pennsylvania that recognize a

cause of action for the recovery of damages for construction delays allegedly

caused by a non-governmental project owner on a private construction

project, id. at 39; (ii) the evidence Sciarretti proffered to support its claim

that Appellant caused delays was anecdotal, very general, and void of detail,

and Sciarretti made no attempt to identify any specific incident of delay, id.

at 47; (iii) Sciarretti did not prove that Appellant’s actions or inactions were

the sole proximate cause of the delay and that no concurrent cause equally

delayed the contract, specifically with respect to the trial court’s finding that

a compensable delay occurred because modifications were made to the

building’s design, and Appellant was slow to provide this information to

Sciarretti, id. at 48-5016; (iv) the trial court erred in finding that the failure to
____________________________________________

16 See Appellant’s Brief at 49-50 (“While the trial court found that the delays

associated with the discovery of the rock were not the fault of either party, it
nonetheless utilized that delay in assigning its 60-day delay to [Appellant].
Significantly, while the trial court found that the rock required modification in
the building design and that [Appellant’s] ‘slowness’ in providing this
information contributed to the ‘60 day’ delay, it conducted absolutely no
analysis whatsoever to determine whether this purported ‘slowness’ occurred
separately or concurrently with excavating and removing the rock, or any
other delay causing events that were occurring around the same time, such
as the discovery and handling of large quantities of unsuitable materials,
excessive rainfall, Sciarretti’s failure to adequately staff the project, or some
other cause. This, despite the trial court[’s] specifically finding that all of
those, with the exception of staffing, caused significant project delays that ran
throughout the project, yet were causes that were not attributable to the fault
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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connect the roof drains to the drainage system contributed to the delay caused

by Appellant, as the undisputed evidence showed that it was Sciarretti’s

obligation to connect the roof drains to the drainage system, id. at 50; (v) it

is impossible under this trial record to determine with any degree of certainty

any damages directly attributable to Appellant, id. at 50-51; and (vi) the trial

court erred in including purported delays in non-critical path activities in its

calculation of a 60-day delay, particularly with respect to Appellant’s alleged

delay in providing Sciarretti with information related to its installation of light

pole bases, id. at 51.17

       Initially, we deem waived Appellant’s reasons for why the trial court

should have concluded that Sciarretti failed to prove a compensable

construction delay because of its vague, non-specific Rule 1925(b) statement.

It is well-established that a Rule 1925(b) statement “shall concisely identify

each error that the appellant intends to assert with sufficient detail to

____________________________________________

of either party and therefore not the basis of a delay claim.”) (footnotes and
citations omitted).

17 See Appellant’s Brief at 51 (“One item the trial court included in calculating

its sixty days of project delay was [Appellant’s] supposed delay in providing
Sciarretti with information related to its installation of light pole bases. Yet
Sciarretti admitted, through its expert, that any delay in providing information
related to the light pole bases was not a critical path activity that delayed
project completion.”) (citations omitted); see also id. (explaining that “only
delays that affected a critical path activity would cause a purportedly
compensable delay. That is because if the critical path activity gets impacted
or delayed, then the entire project gets delayed for the same period of time.
On the other hand, if a non-critical path activity is delayed, the delay does not
cause a corresponding delay in the critical path and, therefore, there is no
delay in project completion”).

                                          - 32 -
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identify the issue to be raised for the judge.” Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(ii)

(emphasis added). “Issues not included in the Statement and/or not raised

in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph (b)(4) are waived.”

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii).18 Where an appellant’s concise statement is not

specific enough for the trial court to identify and address the issues the

appellant seeks to raise on appeal, we may find waiver. Commonwealth v.

Reeves, 907 A.2d 1, 2 (Pa. Super. 2006) (“[The a]ppellant’s [c]oncise

[s]tatement was not specific enough for the trial court to identify and address

the issue [the a]ppellant wished to raise on appeal. As such, the court did not

address it.     Because [the a]ppellant’s vague [c]oncise [s]tatement has

hampered appellate review, it is waived.”) (citations omitted).

       Here, in its Rule 1925(b) statement, Appellant generally claimed that

Sciarretti “failed in its burden of proving by a fair preponderance of the

evidence that any quantifiable period of delay was attributable solely to

[Appellant]. Accordingly, the trial court’s award of damages for sixty (60)

days of compensable delay is not adequately supported by the evidence.”

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement, 7/7/22, at 4-5. Appellant did not specifically

mention any of the reasons it now advances for why the trial court’s finding

____________________________________________

18 See also Greater Erie Indus. Development Corp, 88 A.3d at 225 (“[I]n

determining whether an appellant has waived his issues on appeal based on
non-compliance with Pa.R.A.P. 1925, it is the trial court’s order that triggers
an appellant’s obligation[. T]herefore, we look first to the language of that
order.”); Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Order, 6/13/22, at 1 (warning that “[a]ny issue
not properly included in the Statement timely filed and served shall be deemed
waived”).

                                          - 33 -
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was in error. See pages 30-32, supra. Consequently, the trial court did not

address these particular claims in its Rule 1925(a) opinion.        As such, our

review is hampered, and we deem this claim waived on this basis.

       Nevertheless, to the extent that Appellant argues that Sciarretti did not

prove a compensable delay, we would still not grant relief, even on the limited

record before us.19 In its findings of fact and conclusions of law, the trial court

explained its reasoning for determining that there was a 60-day delay, as

follows:
       Sciarretti stipulates that its “claim for delay is based on the lack
       of timely directions and decisions of [Appellant’s] handling project
       conditions; it is not a claim for delay based on the additional time
       to perform the work.[”]             Further, [Appellant’s] lack of
       communication and its slow decision-making process and
       continuing change of plans did contribute to some delay on the
       completion of this project. There was a two[-]and[-a-]half month
       delay in [Appellant’s] completion of its building. [Appellant] also
       made design changes to the building, including its location, that
       caused delays to some of the Phase III concrete work. The
       additional rain leaders that were added to the building and
       improperly laid on top of the parking lot caused damage to the
       subbase and created additional delay. Pl. Ex[h]. 104 p[.] 21. The
       delay of the construction of the building created workspace
       conflicts with some of the building contractors which caused
       delays to the concrete sidewalk installation around the building.

       Numerous instances of [Appellant’s] altering its original plans[,]
       requiring design changes by the engineers or architects[,] were
       delayed in being provided to Sciarretti. Some of these delays
       include the plans and approval of PennDOT for handicap ramps
       and sidewalks at the intersection of Port Authority Way and
       University Blvd., and the change in location and design changes
       to the building requiring new layouts and elevations for the
____________________________________________

19 Even our reading of the trial transcript in this complex, fact-intensive case

is affected by not having all the exhibits, as it has made it more difficult to
follow along with, and understand, the testimony that was given.

                                          - 34 -
J-A18007-23

       building sidewalk. These delays were caused solely by [Appellant]
       or its subcontractors[,] which unnecessarily delayed Sciarretti’s
       completion of the concrete work. Sciarretti was also delayed in
       the installation of the light pole bases in the parking lot areas due
       to [Appellant’s] lack of directions and plans for its exterior lighting
       system. Sciarretti needed the light pole locations, elevations,
       circuit plan and the bolt patterns and bolts for the bases. The light
       pole bases were to be installed at the end of Phase II in September
       2011, but [Appellant] delayed providing this information until at
       least March of 2012. See [N.T. at] 139-[]41[,] … 424-[]26; Pl.
       Exh. 51, 54, 61, 63, 66, and 78. Sciarretti’s Expert opined that
       the concrete work was delayed approximately 30 days due to
       [Appellant’s] providing piecemeal design change information[,]
       slowing the progress of the concrete installation. [N.T. at] 621-
       []23[;] Pl. Ex[h.] 104.

                                           ***

       Sciarretti was delayed 60 days by [Appellant’s] numerous design
       changes that required new engineering and architectural plans.
       These numerous changes ultimately delayed Sciarretti’s
       completion of the job as outlined above. Utilizing Sciarretti’s
       Expert’s Extended Equipment Cost Index (Pl. Ex[h.] 104 pp 31),
       the daily cost for Sciarretti’s equipment was $3,516.00[.] Thus,
       Sciarretti’s equipment costs due to 60 days of delay caused by
       [Appellant’s] actions is $210,960.00. Sciarretti’s equipment costs
       must be reduced because Sciarretti was previously reimbursed by
       [Appellant] for extended equipment use on all additional work paid
       for by [Appellant]. (Pl. Ex[h.] 104 pp 32-34). Thus, Sciarretti’s
       total equipment cost for the duration of the delay caused by
       [Appellant] is $104,361.00.       Sciarretti’s other related delay
       damages[,] e.g.[,] extended project management and home
       office overhead[,] are found to be zero.

TCO I at 14-15, 16 (unpaginated; single citation and footnotes omitted).20

See also TCO II at 6 (“I found by the preponderance of the evidence that

[Appellant] delayed Sciarretti at a minimum sixty (60) days.”) (unpaginated).
____________________________________________

20 Numerous exhibits mentioned by the trial court — namely, Exhibits 54, 61,

63, and 66 — are not identified in the table of contents for the materials
attached to the parties’ stipulation. Further, with respect to Exhibit 104, which
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 35 -
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       The record supports the trial court’s findings of a compensable delay of

at least 60 days.       Viewing the record in the light most favorable to the

victorious party below, we discern that Sciarretti showed at least a 60-day

delay with a reasonable degree of accuracy. See A.G. Cullen Const., Inc.,

898 A.2d at 1160 (stating that, as the first element, the contractor must prove

“the extent of the delay with a reasonable degree of accuracy”) (citation

omitted); see also Beckwith Machinery Co., supra.21

       First, Sciarretti’s expert — George Ellis — noted that it took Appellant

an extra 70 days to construct the building. N.T. at 619. In his expert report,

he stated that building construction occurred from September 22, 2011

through April 3, 2012.           See Sciarretti’s Pretrial Statement, 6/29/18, at

attached Expert Report at 21.22 Mr. Ellis explained that “[t]he logical start of
____________________________________________

we glean is Sciarretti’s expert report, it is likewise not identified in the table
of contents for the materials attached to the parties’ stipulation. However, in
our review of the materials attached to the parties’ stipulation, we discovered
that Sciarretti’s expert report, dated June 28, 2018, is contained therein as
an attachment to Sciarretti’s pretrial statement.          In addition, at trial,
Sciarretti’s counsel stated that Sciarretti’s expert report, dated June 28, 2018,
“was also filed with our pretrial statement, so it’s of record.” N.T. at 608. By
way of Sciarretti’s pretrial statement, we were able to locate the report within
the certified record.

21 We assume, for the sake of argument, that the elements set forth in A.G.

Cullen Const., Inc. apply, as Appellant contends. See Commonwealth v.
Heredia, 97 A.3d 392, 395 n.4 (Pa. Super. 2014) (recognizing that decisions
of the Commonwealth Court are not binding on this Court, but may be looked
at for their persuasive value) (citations omitted).

22 Again, Mr. Ellis’s report was introduced as Exhibit 104 at trial, but we were

not provided with it. We rely on the copy of his report attached to Sciarretti’s
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 36 -
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Sciarretti’s follow-on concrete work around the building was dependent upon

the completion of building construction[,]” and that “[t]he extended time for

building construction hampered Sciarretti’s [p]roject activities due to a variety

of impacts, including delayed subbase repairs, delayed start to building

perimeter concrete activities, and restricted access for many of Sciarretti’s

noncritical concurrent activities.” Id. at 21, 22.

       Mr. Sciarretti and Michael Mehalic — Sciarretti’s foreman on the project

— corroborated that their work was delayed due to the extended construction

time. See N.T. at 127 (Mr. Sciarretti’s agreeing that the building needed to

be completed to a point before Sciarretti could do the outside concrete work

around it); id. at 419 (Mr. Mehalic’s explaining that, after the building

construction progressed, Sciarretti “had concrete work to do around the

perimeter of the building. Mainly the front. We had water line to run up to

the building, sewer to run up to the building, connect. Grading along the edge

of the building, retaining wall”); id. at 421 (Mr. Mehalic’s confirming that he

needed to wait until the subcontractors removed their materials to do site

work, as “[t]he front portion, eastern side, was mainly a lay down area for all

the subcontractors that were working. So it was full of trailers, materials,

equipment, lifts”); id. at 426 (Mr. Mehalic’s remembering that he was delayed

in installing the bioswale because the masonry contractor — one of the

contractors constructing the building — was impeding his access to that area);
____________________________________________

pretrial statement, which is included in both the certified record and the
parties’ stipulation.

                                          - 37 -
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id. at 129 (Mr. Sciarretti’s explaining that the subbase was destroyed; “[W]e

had stoned in the front of the building[,] primarily all the parking lots, and

they used them as a staging area. So they were driving their equipment, their

loaders, their cranes and everything over the subbase. Well, the subbase was

on fabric, and the subbase was only six inches thick. So when they would

drive on it, they would rut it, and the … fabric would come up into the subbase

elevation. Makes it nearly impossible to fix. So it was pretty much destroyed.

It was contaminated. Every one of the dips, every one of the ruts held water.

So now you have mud mixed in with stone. You have fabric that’s up into the

subbase elevation that needed to be pushed down, and you have rutting that’s

holding water”);23 id. at 872-73 (Mr. Sciarretti’s asserting that the

contaminated subbase affected the preparatory work for the concrete).
____________________________________________

23 To the extent Appellant says it was Sciarretti’s responsibility to connect the

roof drains to the drainage system, Mr. Mehalic explained that the drawings
only showed two roof leader connections, but more than two were added:
       Our drawings only showed, I think, two roof leader connections,
       which is the conductor pipe that takes all the rainwater from the
       roof of the building, either inside, outside the building, down to
       the ground level, and it has to be tied into the storm. There ended
       up being more than two of the connections, and the water had
       basically run from the building into the southern portion of that
       parking area and made everything soft. And with four or five, six
       other contractors on site building the building running through, it
       just destroyed it.
N.T. at 420; see also id. at 129-30 (Mr. Sciarretti’s relaying that he “came
back, and these guys were basically draining the entire roof surface right out
across the parking lots”); id. at 330 (Mr. Sciarretti’s stating that more rain
leaders were added; “Somebody would have to tell me to take a pipe from
this part and put it into this part. From the rain leader to this particular drain
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 38 -
J-A18007-23

       Second, Mr. Ellis opined that Sciarretti’s concrete work took 30 days

longer than planned, from April 24, 2012 through June 18, 2012, largely

because of piecemeal designs that were given to Sciarretti. Id. at 622-23.

Again, the testimony of Mr. Sciarretti and Mr. Mehalic corroborate this delay.

See also id. at 132-34 (Mr. Sciarretti’s stating that Appellant shifted the

footprint of the building and added an exterior door to it, which affected

Sciarretti’s concrete work; Mr. Sciarretti said he requested a drawing that

showed how to make the corrections on April 12, 2012, and he received a

response — which only provided some information — on April 25, 2012); id.

at 423 (Mr. Mehalic’s recalling that “there was a lack of information or delay

with the ADA ramp at the corner of Port Authority Drive and University

Boulevard. The configuration that was on the drawings that we had did not

work”; “Until the answers came of how to put the ramp in, yeah. It couldn’t

be done”); id. at 118-21 (Mr. Sciarretti’s testifying that, despite asking

multiple times, he did not receive the necessary information to construct the

handicap ramp until May 18, 2012); id. at 137-38 (Mr. Sciarretti’s conveying

that there were changes made to the entrance off of Port Authority Drive; the

record suggests he did not get those changes until June 8, 2012); id. at 138

(Mr. Sciarretti’s stating that he put the owner on notice that his concrete work

____________________________________________

to that particular drain, tie it into another pipe…. I don’t do design.”). Given
that Sciarretti was not made aware that more rain leaders were added, the
record supports that it was not Sciarretti’s fault that the subbase was ruined.
In other words, Sciarretti cannot be faulted for failing to connect roof drains
to the drainage system when it was not told about them.

                                          - 39 -
J-A18007-23

around the building was being delayed).            Based on the foregoing, there is

competent evidence in the record to support the trial court’s finding of at least

a 60-day delay.

       Viewing the record in the light most favorable to Sciarretti, there is also

support for the trial court’s finding that Appellant was the sole proximate cause

of these delays. See A.G. Cullen Const., Inc., 898 A.2d at 1160 (stating

the second element the contractor must prove is that “the delay was caused

solely by the [owner’s] actions”) (citation omitted); see also id. (“A

contractor must show the [owner] was the sole proximate cause of the delay

and no concurrent cause would have equally delayed the contract, regardless

of the [owner’s] action or inaction.”) (cleaned up).

       Here, the trial court found that “[t]here was a two-and-a-half month

delay in the completion of the construction of the building because [Appellant]

made changes to the building’s location and added an extra garage door.”

TCO I at 6 (unpaginated).         See also N.T. at 570 (Pat Cooper of Gateway

Engineers conveying that, after some ground to the project opened up on the

southerly property line, he suggested that Appellant “slide the building to the

south ten or 12 feet” to “save some money”); id. at 591 (Mr. Cooper’s recalling

Appellant’s adding a door); id. at 132-33 (Mr. Sciarretti’s conveying that

Appellant added another exterior door to the building and “it changed

grades”).24 Further, the trial court credited Mr. Sciarretti’s and Mr. Mehalic’s
____________________________________________

24 See also footnote 23, supra (explaining why the evidence supports that

the contamination of the subbase was not Sciarretti’s fault).

                                          - 40 -
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testimony that Appellant was slow to provide Sciarretti with new plans and

information, which caused Sciarretti’s concrete work to be delayed. TCO II at

7 (unpaginated); see also page 39-40, supra.           To the extent Appellant

suggests that the rock, unsuitable materials, weather, staffing shortages, etc.,

contributed to the delays found by the trial court, we remind Appellant that,

in assessing the sufficiency of the evidence, “the evidence is viewed in the

light most favorable to the victorious party below and all evidence and proper

inferences favorable to that party must be taken as true and all unfavorable

inferences rejected.” See Beckwith Machinery Co., supra.

       Finally, the record supports that the delays caused specific, quantifiable

injury to Sciarretti.      See A.G. Cullen Const., Inc., 898 A.2d at 1160

(providing that, as the third element, the contractor must prove that “the

delay caused specific, quantifiable injury to the contractor”) (citation omitted).

Because the project was delayed by 60 days, Sciarretti asserted it had to pay

for 60 more days of equipment. Sciarretti’s expert — Mr. Ellis — provided

information on Sciarretti’s equipment costs in his expert report.            See

Sciarretti’s Pretrial Statement at attached Expert Report at 31.25 From this
____________________________________________

25 Mr. Mehalic was also asked about a price sheet for equipment, which was

marked as Exhibit 99. N.T. at 427. Mr. Mehalic testified that this equipment
was on the site from beginning to end. Id.; see also id. at 500 (Mr. Mehalic’s
testifying that “[t]he equipment that was on the site is not something that you
take home with you at night, like putting my hammer in my truck. … The
equipment that’s on site requires permits, special routes to haul things on 12,
14 feet wide, 100,000 pounds. Takes days to get permits and sometimes
days to get it moved. You just don’t pull it off the site for no reason.”); id. at
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 41 -
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information, the trial court determined that the daily equipment costs to

Sciarretti amounted to $3,516.00, a figure that Appellant does not contest.

After making appropriate deductions, the trial court concluded that the total

equipment costs for the duration of the delay caused by Appellant amounted

to $104,361.00, a figure that Appellant also does not contest. As such, the

record contains evidence supporting that the delays caused specific,

quantifiable injury to Sciarretti.

       Based on the foregoing, even if not waived, we would deem the evidence

sufficient to support the trial court’s finding of a 60-day compensable delay.

Furthermore, to the extent Appellant disagrees with our alternative analysis,

we point out that our ability to award it relief on this issue is inhibited, as we

do not have the whole record before us.            With most of the trial exhibits

missing, it would be difficult for us to definitively determine that the trial

court’s findings have no competent evidence to support them. See Beckwith

Machinery Co., supra. In sum, for the reasons set forth supra, no relief is

due on Appellant’s second issue.

                                          Issues 3 & 4

       Finally, in Appellant’s third and fourth issues, it challenges the trial

court’s award of statutory interest under CASPA for Sciarretti’s claims

pertaining to the outside sewage drop box connection and the increase in the
____________________________________________

867-68 (Mr. Sciarretti’s confirming that Sciarretti maintained its equipment on
site). According to the table of contents for the materials attached to the
stipulation, Exhibit 99 is not contained in the parties’ stipulation; however, we
believe it is attached to Sciarretti’s expert report at Exhibit 18.

                                          - 42 -
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price of asphalt.26 With respect to the outside sewage drop, Appellant argues

that “the evidence clearly established that the costs associated with installing

an outside sewage drop, as opposed to an inside sewage drop, were incidental

to the [c]ontract and, thus, were subsumed within the [c]ontract [p]rice.”

Appellant’s Brief at 23-24. Further, regarding the asphalt, Appellant asserts

that the contract “was silent as to which party should bear the increased cost

of the asphalt.” Id. at 24. As such, Appellant says that Sciarretti should not

receive an award of interest under CASPA for these claims, as a successful

claim under CASPA must be predicated on a finding that Appellant breached

the contract, and the contract at issue here did not require Appellant to pay

anything more than the contract price for the incidental work associated with

the installation of the sewage drop or for the increased price of asphalt. Id.

at 24, 38.

       Here, the trial court explained why it awarded statutory interest under

CASPA for these claims, as follows:
       [Appellant] also contends that [the court] erred by awarding
       statutory interest under the provisions of CASPA for the outside
       drop box and the increased asphalt price. CASPA provides in
       [S]ection 505(a) that, “[t]he owner shall pay the contractor
       strictly in accordance with the terms of the construction contract.”
____________________________________________

26 We address Appellant’s third and fourth issues together, as Appellant
proffers no distinct argument for its fourth issue. See Appellant’s Brief at 38
(providing a two-sentence argument in support of its fourth issue; “For the
same reasons, it was error for [the] trial court to award interest at the CASPA
rate for the costs associated with the sewage drop and increased price of
asphalt. Since CASPA clearly does not apply to those claims, the trial court
should have awarded interest at the legal rate provided by 42 Pa.C.S.[] §
8101.”).

                                          - 43 -
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       73 P.S.[] § 505. Under [S]ection 5.2 of the parties’ construction
       contract, the [c]ontractor is permitted to submit change orders to
       modify the contract and[,] if accepted[,] they become part of the
       contract.[27] Mr. Sciarretti testified that he submitted change
       orders for both the drop box sewage connection and the asphalt
       index increase[,] and [Appellant] denied payment. Therefore, the
       question of whether the change order claims were valid and should
       be made part of the contract was an issue to be decided at trial.
       Based on the preponderance of the evidence, [the court] found in
       favor of Sciarretti[] that the drop box and asphalt claims were
       made part of the contract through change orders, and
       [Appellant’s] nonpayment was a default. [The court] awarded
       $6,998.00 for the drop box and $15,365.00 for the asphalt price
       increase in my [n]on-[j]ury verdicts. Since [the court] found that
       [Appellant’s] nonpayment of the two change orders was a breach
       of contract, they were properly found to be CASPA claims. [The
       court] correctly found that Sciarretti’s claims for the outside drop
       box installation and asphalt index increase were part of its CASPA
       claim and therefore entitled to interest.

TCO II at 8 (unpaginated; internal citation omitted).

____________________________________________

27 The parties’ contract is contained in the certified record as an attachment

to Mr. Ellis’s expert report. Section 5.2 states:
       5.2 Contractor’s Changes. Before proceeding with any work
       involving possible claims by Contractor for extra compensation
       above the Contract Price, Contractor, within two (2) days of
       discovery of the event giving rise to potential claims, shall submit,
       in writing, to the Construction Manager, a request for an equitable
       adjustment, which request shall include a detailed estimate of the
       price of such work, and shall secure from the Construction
       Manager a Change Order as provided above. Any such Change
       Orders are incorporated herein by reference and shall become a
       part of this Agreement. Any claim for an extension of the Contract
       Time resulting from any such change must also be submitted and
       disposed of in like manner and in the same Change Order.
See Sciarretti’s Pretrial Statement at attached Expert Report at Exhibit 1, §
5.2. The contract is also contained in the materials attached to the parties’
stipulation.

                                          - 44 -
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       The change orders submitted by Sciarretti for the outside sewage drop

box connection (Exhibit 64) and asphalt price increase (Exhibit 96) were

introduced at trial but we do not have them before us.28 Nevertheless, no

relief is due.

       First, with respect to the outside sewage drop box connection, our

review of the record supports the trial court’s finding that it was not an

incidental change and therefore not subsumed within the contract price. At

trial, Mr. Sciarretti agreed that he had to comply with notes to project

drawings, and that one such note stated: “Contractor is to work around

existing utilities.    If adjustments are necessary, work will be considered

incidental.” See N.T. at 315, 862.29 Mr. Sciarretti described the issue with

the sewage drop box as follows:

____________________________________________

28 They are not contained in the materials attached to the parties’ stipulation

according to the table of contents.

29 At trial, the following exchange occurred regarding this note:

       [Appellant’s counsel:] How about this one? Contractor is to work
       around existing utilities. If adjustments are necessary, work will
       be considered incidental. Work will be considered incidental.
       Would you tell the [c]ourt what that language means to you?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] It’s exactly what it says. We have to work around
       utilities, and we have to make small adjustments or it’s incidental.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] If you have to make adjustments because
       of a water line or force main or something else, you’re supposed
       to make them, and you cannot call that an occasion necessitating
       a design change; is that correct?
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 45 -
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       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Talk about the sewer line connection?

       [Sciarretti:] Sure.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Does that show this profile of the sanitary
       line that needed to be installed?

       [Sciarretti:] Yes, it does.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Does that drawing also indicate the type of
       connection to be made to the manhole?

       [Sciarretti:] Yes, it does.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] What does it say?

       [Sciarretti:] Break-in, flow line, 1161 inside drop.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] What’s an inside drop?

       [Sciarretti:] That’s when you core drill a hole through the
       manhole, put a boot in and put your pipe down inside the manhole
       to within, you know, six to eight inches of the bottom of the
       manhole.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] It tells you to break in, correct?

       [Sciarretti:] Yes.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Doesn’t tell you to core?

       [Sciarretti:] No.

                                           ***

____________________________________________

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] Yeah. If there’s a design change, I’m not -- that
       doesn’t fall under my responsibility to redesign.

       [Appellant’s counsel:] I understand. But when it says you have
       to work around utilities, and if it requires an adjustment, it’s
       incidental. That’s on you, isn’t it?

       [Mr. Sciarretti:] If it’s incidental, yes, it is. If it’s a redesign, no,
       it isn’t.

N.T. at 315-16.

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       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] … Can you go to Exhibit 50?[30]

       [Sciarretti:] Provides grade on the lateral.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] For the sewer line?

       [Sciarretti:] For the sewer line, yes.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] What are they changing?

       [Sciarretti:] They are changing the percentage of fall.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Does that drawing that’s attached to Exhibit
       50 still indicate that it’s an inside drop?

       [Sciarretti:] Yes, it does.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] During the performance of your work, were
       you told at some point to hold off on making this sanitary line
       connection?

       [Sciarretti:] Yes.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] By whom?

       [Sciarretti:] Probably Tony [Ross].

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Why?

       [Sciarretti:] They needed to run a 12-inch water line down
       University Boulevard.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Who is they?

       [Sciarretti:] The Municipal Authority of Moon.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] So why did you have to wait for that?

       [Sciarretti:] It interfered with the rest of the utilities, tie ins.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Do you recall when this line got installed?

       [Sciarretti:] I do not.

       [Sciarretti’s counsel:] So you now have a revised drawing, plus
       the contract drawing. Before installation, what did you do?

____________________________________________

30 Exhibit 50 is not attached to the parties’ stipulation according to the table

of contents.

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     [Sciarretti:] They had to actually do it again. We went and we
     were able to locate an existing hole in the manhole, and we were
     going to try to use that hole, and we were not able to get the
     proper angle that was able to go between the other -- existing
     utilities, which is the water line and the gas line and whatever else
     is on University Boulevard. That pipe needed to literally thread
     through that and hit that hole.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Did you review what you planned to install
     with the township?

     [Sciarretti:] Yes, we did.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Was there a meeting held on site?

     [Sciarretti:] There was a meeting, yes.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Did you describe to the township what you
     were planning on doing?

     [Sciarretti:] I not only described it, but I got permission to do it.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] What did you get permission to do?

     [Sciarretti:] We got permission to remove the existing pipe and
     then rather than break in or core, we were going to use an existing
     hole. And so we were coming some couple hundred feet, 200,
     300 feet, and we were going to try to hit that hole.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Did you hit the hole?

     [Sciarretti:] We missed it by three-quarters of an inch.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] So what did you do?

     [Sciarretti:] So we had to chip a little bit of the concrete to actually
     allow the pipe to go through. We had a four-inch hole. We made
     a four[-]and[-]a[-]half inch hole.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Was the work ultimately accepted by the
     municipality?

     [Sciarretti:] It was rejected.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Why?

     [Sciarretti:] Because they did not want us to break into the box.
     That’s considered breaking in.

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     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Does your contract drawing tell you to break
     in?

     [Sciarretti:] Yes.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] What ultimately was done?

     [Sciarretti:] We had to put an outside drop in. An outside
     drop is a lot more time and a lot more expensive. We had
     to do a redesign to make sure -- to get the pipe to come
     through the utilities that were perpendicular to it going
     down University Boulevard, and then we needed to get duct
     wire and pipe, and we needed to encase it in concrete, and
     we needed to do the drop on the outside of the manhole
     and then go in and penetrate the bottom of the manhole,
     and that[] ultimately ended up happening. That drawing
     was given to me by Deborah Walker[, the director of
     engineering for the Moon Township Municipal Authority].
     These guys knew it.

N.T. Trial at 122-26 (emphasis added).

     In addition, Mr. Cooper of Gateway Engineers testified to the following:
     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Note No. 9. Contractor to work around
     existing utilities. If adjustments are necessary, work will be
     considered incidental.

     [Mr. Cooper:] Yes.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Meaning no matter what I do, I have to
     avoid utilities. Meaning the contractor.

     [Mr. Cooper:] No. If adjustments are made, it’s not an avoidance
     thing, but if adjustments are made, let’s say a sewer was ten feet
     deeper or five feet deeper than we thought from the information
     available, you have to connect to the right point. Something like
     that.

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] It deals with the connections --

     [Mr. Cooper:] Or --

     [Sciarretti’s counsel:] -- to those utilities?

     [Mr. Cooper:] Or working in and around them.

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      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Does it relate to kind of redesigning of the
      project in the event of that type of conflict?

      [Mr. Cooper:] No.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] So that if redesign was necessary, then that
      would be outside the scope of the contract note?

      [Mr. Cooper:] From where I sit, yes.

                                    ***

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] And then as a result of the authority’s
      rejection of the connection, they required the installation of an
      outside drop?

      [Mr. Cooper:] Correct.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Is an outside drop a more difficult
      connection to make?

      [Mr. Cooper:] I think so. I’m not a contractor. But I think there’s
      more to it.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] What do you understand to be more to it?

      [Mr. Cooper:] I think there’s actually two openings in the manhole.
      One for clean out, but I’m not -- I really can’t comment on --

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] That’s fine. Would you consider the change
      from an inside drop to an outside drop an incidental modification?

      [Mr. Cooper:] I can’t make judgment.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] You were the --

      [Mr. Cooper:] It’s totally different.

      [Sciarretti’s counsel:] Totally different?

      [Mr. Cooper:] Yeah.

N.T. at 1127-28, 1145-46.

      Based on the foregoing, we determine that the record supports the trial

court’s finding that the outside drop box sewage connection was not an

adjustment or incidental change. Mr. Sciarretti testified that the change to an

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J-A18007-23

outside connection was not incidental, but a redesign that required much more

time and expense.         Mr. Cooper corroborated that it is a more difficult

connection to make. As such, we decline to disturb the trial court’s finding

that the outside sewage drop box connection was not an incidental change

and that, as such, Sciarretti’s change order was valid.31 As such, Sciarretti is

due statutory interest on this claim under CASPA.

       Second, regarding the asphalt index claim, the trial court stated, as

follows:
       Sciarretti is entitled to be paid $15,365.50 for the increase in the
       cost of asphalt that it incurred. Sciarretti’s original contract price
       for paving was based on the 2011 cost of asphalt which was the
       paving season the parties had anticipated in their contract. As
       already found, the delay caused by the discovery of the rock and
       extraordinary amounts of unsuitable material resulted in the delay
       of the progress of the overall project and pushed the paving
       portion into the 2012 season. Acknowledging that the contract is
       silent as to asphalt cost escalation[,] the court finds it equitable
       to award these damages as these delays were not anticipated by
       either party. Sciarretti should not be required to absorb increased
       costs for asphalt for delays it had no control over.

TCO I at 15-16 (unpaginated).

       Appellant argues that there was no basis in the contract for the trial

court to award asphalt escalation costs. It says that, “[r]emarkably, despite

having no basis in the [c]ontract, the trial court … found that [Appellant’s]
____________________________________________

31 Appellant does not challenge the trial court’s finding that Appellant breached

the contract by rejecting Sciarretti’s change order for the outside sewage drop
box connection under Section 5.2 of the contract. Instead, as discussed supra,
Appellant only argues that the outside sewage drop box was an incidental
change, which did not require Appellant to pay anything more than the
contract price, and that therefore Appellant did not breach the contract by not
paying Sciarretti for its work on the outside sewage drop box.

                                          - 51 -
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refusal [to] pay what the trial court felt was equitable amounted to a violation

of CASPA and awarded Sciarretti CASPA interest in the amount of

$16,595.88.” Appellant’s Brief at 37-38. However, Appellant overlooks that

the trial court did point to a basis in the contract — Section 5.2, i.e., the

change order provision. See TCO II at 8 (quoted supra; unpaginated). This

provision allows for Sciarretti to request an equitable adjustment and seek

additional compensation. See footnote 27, supra. The trial court determined

that Appellant should have granted Sciarretti’s change order for the increased

asphalt costs under Section 5.2 of the contract but failed to do so. Appellant

does not address Section 5.2 at all, and we decline to craft an analysis of that

provision on Appellant’s behalf. Commonwealth v. Hardy, 918 A.2d 766,

771 (Pa. Super. 2007) (“When briefing the various issues that have been

preserved, it is an appellant’s duty to present arguments that are sufficiently

developed for our review. … This Court will not act as counsel and will not

develop arguments on behalf of an appellant. Moreover, when defects in a

brief impede our ability to conduct meaningful appellate review, we may …

find certain issues to be waived.”) (citations omitted). As such, Appellant fails

to convince us that the trial court erred in finding that Appellant breached the

contract by rejecting Sciarretti’s change order for the asphalt price increase

and thereby awarding Sciarretti statutory interest under CASPA.

      Judgment affirmed.

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DATE: 03/25/2024

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