Court Opinion

ID: 4199984
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-08-30 15:03:16.80983+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:41:30.797117
License: Public Domain

Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 411

                 ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS

                                       DIVISION III
                                       No. CV-16-4

BERT LEE MYERS                              Opinion Delivered:   August 30, 2017

                           APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
                                     COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
V.                                   TWELFTH DIVISION
                                     [NO. 60DR-99-1481]
SUZIE RIDGLEY
                              APPELLEE HONORABLE ALICE S. GRAY,
                                       JUDGE

                                            REVERSED ON DIRECT APPEAL;
                                            AFFIRMED ON CROSS-APPEAL;
                                            MOTION TO DISMISS DENIED

                              DAVID M. GLOVER, Judge

       In this divorce case, appellant Bert Myers appeals from a post-decree order awarding

his former wife, appellee Suzie Ridgley, a portion of his active-duty military-retirement

pay. Suzie cross-appeals from the circuit court’s refusal to order a survivor-benefit plan for

her. She has also filed a motion to dismiss Bert’s appeal. We reverse on direct appeal, affirm

on cross-appeal, and deny the motion to dismiss.

                                        I. Background

       Bert and Suzie were divorced in 1999 after twenty-nine years of marriage.

Throughout the marriage, Bert served in the National Guard, first as a reservist and then on
                                 Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 411

active duty. During both types of service, he accumulated either participation points (for

reserve duty) or creditable time served (for active duty) toward retirement. 1

       By the time the divorce decree was entered in 1999, Bert was vested in his reserve-

duty retirement program. However, he was not yet vested in his active-duty retirement

program. The decree therefore divided Bert’s reserve retirement as marital property and

awarded a share of that retirement to Suzie. See Christopher v. Christopher, 316 Ark. 215, 871

S.W.2d 398 (1994) (holding that military retirement is divisible as marital property if it is

vested at the time of the divorce). The decree did not award Suzie a share of Bert’s active-

duty retirement because Bert was not yet vested in that program. See Burns v. Burns, 312

Ark. 61, 847 S.W.2d 23 (1993); Durham v. Durham, 289 Ark. 3, 708 S.W.2d 618 (1986)

(holding that military retirement is not subject to division if it is not vested at the time of

divorce).

       Following the entry of the decree, Suzie asked the circuit court to reconsider the

property division, arguing that she was entitled to a share of Bert’s “military retirement,”

whether it took the form of reserve-duty or active-duty benefits. The court refused to

overturn its decision, and Suzie did not appeal.

       Approximately five years after the divorce decree was entered, Bert became vested

in his active-duty retirement. However, he continued his active service and did not plan to

retire until October 2012. As his retirement date neared, Suzie filed a motion seeking a

       1
        An army reservist is generally entitled to receive reserve-duty retirement pay
beginning at age sixty if he or she has accumulated a certain number of participation points
over twenty years. See 10 U.S.C. §§ 12731 to 12733 (1998 & Supp. 2017). Active duty
members are generally eligible for retirement pay after twenty years of creditable service,
regardless of age. See, e.g., 10 U.S.C. § 1293 (2010).
                                               2
                                 Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 411

marital share of Bert’s “military retirement,” which she defined to include “active duty

and/or reserve service.”

       Bert opposed Suzie’s motion on the ground that, at the time the 1999 divorce decree

was entered, he was not vested in his active-duty retirement and, for that reason, the decree

did not award Suzie a share of his active-duty retirement. He further asserted that it was no

longer possible for Suzie to receive a share of his reserve-duty retirement. In support of that

point, he presented the testimony of Sergeant First Class Christina Nickell, who testified

that Bert was now vested in both types of military retirement—reserve and active duty—

but that military regulations prohibited him from drawing both. Sergeant Nickell further

explained that military regulations favored active-duty retirement, and because Bert had

now attained eligibility for active-duty retirement, his reserve-duty retirement was

“nullified,” and he was no longer eligible to receive it. See 10 U.S.C. § 12731(a)(4) (1998);

Army Reg. 2-1(b)(1) (1987). Instead, he was only eligible to receive active-duty retirement.

       After the hearing, the circuit court entered a Supplemental Decree dated May 15,

2014. Unlike the original 1999 decree, the Supplemental Decree did not differentiate

between Bert’s reserve-duty and active-duty retirement. Instead, it stated that Suzie had an

equitable interest in Bert’s “military retirement,” which included “active duty and/or

reserve component military service.” The court therefore granted Suzie a 33.7% share of

Bert’s military-retirement payments, which, at that point, consisted solely of his active-duty

retirement benefits. Bert now appeals from the court’s ruling.

                                               3
                                 Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 411

                                 II. Motion to Dismiss Appeal

       Before we reach the merits of Bert’s arguments, we consider Suzie’s motion to

dismiss Bert’s appeal. Suzie argues first that Bert’s appeal is untimely because he should have

appealed from the original 1999 divorce decree. This argument is not well taken. The

original decree awarded Suzie a portion of Bert’s vested, reserve-duty retirement but did

not award her a portion of his unvested, active-duty retirement. That was the outcome that

Bert desired. He therefore had no reason to appeal the original decree at the time it was

entered.

       Suzie also contends that Bert’s appeal should be dismissed because he voluntarily paid

part of the retirement benefits owed to Suzie. If an appellant voluntarily satisfies the

judgment against him, his appeal is moot and subject to dismissal. Lytle v. Citizens Bank of

Batesville, 4 Ark. App. 294, 630 S.W.2d 546 (1982). This may be true even where the

appellant satisfies only part of a judgment. Hall v. Hall, 2012 Ark. 429. One of the primary

factors we consider in determining whether an appellant’s payment is voluntary is whether

he tried to obtain a supersedeas to stay the judgment before paying it. See Beck v. Beck, 2017

Ark. App. 311, ___ S.W.3d ___; Lytle, supra. However, we may also consider other factors.

Reynolds Health Care Servs., Inc. v. HMNH, Inc., 364 Ark. 168, 217 S.W.3d 797 (2005).

       In the present case, Bert paid Suzie $4,341.38 toward the approximately $50,000 in

retirement benefits that had accrued before his appeal could be heard. Nevertheless, we do

not consider his appeal moot. To place the situation in context, Suzie asked the court to

award her judgment for the retirement benefits that had accrued pending the entry of the

Supplemental Decree—an amount later determined to be approximately $50,000. She also

                                              4
                                 Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 411

filed a motion to hold Bert in contempt when the Defense Finance and Accounting Service

(DFAS) delayed the payments awarded to her in the Supplemental Decree. Bert’s counsel

calculated the amount that Suzie had not received during the delay as $4,341.38 and paid

her that amount. As a result, Suzie withdrew her contempt motion based on Bert’s having

“made some payments” to her. Bert’s payment, therefore, was not a waiver of his appeal

but an attempt to avoid a contempt citation.

       Other factors also demonstrate that Bert’s appeal is not moot. He and Suzie worked

together to devise a payment plan for the $50,000 judgment, but Bert continuously

informed the court that his participation in the plan should not be viewed as voluntary and

that he was preserving his right to appeal. On the record, Suzie’s attorney and the trial judge

recognized that Bert was not waiving his right to appeal. And, the judgment itself (which

credited Bert for his $4,341.38 payment) stated that Bert’s payments “shall not be deemed

voluntary and shall not abrogate any right of [Bert] to pursue an appeal.” In these

circumstances, we deny Suzie’s motion to dismiss. See Brave v. Brave, 2014 Ark. 175, 433

S.W.3d 227. 2

                     III. Division of Retirement Benefits as Marital Property

       As mentioned earlier in this opinion, military retirement pay is marital property that

may be divided upon divorce. Nesbitt v. Nesbitt, 2016 Ark. App. 487, 503 S.W.3d 807.

However, it is divisible only if it is vested at the time of the divorce. Christopher, supra.

       Suzie also argues that Bert waived his right to appeal because he failed to notify
       2

DFAS that he objected to the Supplemental Decree. However, Bert tried—albeit
unsuccessfully—to stay the effect of the Supplemental Decree on several occasions. He asked
to deposit the funds he owed into the circuit court registry, and he asked our court for a
supersedeas.
                                                5
                                 Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 411

Military retirement that is not vested at the time of divorce is not subject to division. Burns,

supra; Durham, supra. With these legal precepts in mind, we turn to the question at hand:

did the circuit court err in awarding Suzie a portion of Bert’s active-duty retirement pay in

its 2014 Supplemental Decree? We conclude that the court did err.

       Our analysis is informed by our supreme court’s recent decision in a similar divorce

case, Pelts v. Pelts, 2017 Ark. 98, 514 S.W.3d 455. In Pelts, the husband, Gregory, had

served a substantial length of time in the military, both as a reservist and on active duty. At

the time of the divorce, he was vested in his reserve retirement program but not in his

active-duty retirement program. When the trial court divided the Peltses’ marital property

pursuant to divorce, it granted Gregory’s wife, Shelly, a portion of Gregory’s military

retirement, including his active-duty retirement that had not yet vested. Gregory appealed,

and our supreme court framed the issue as follows:

       The question presented in this case is whether any property interest Gregory has in
       active duty retirement payments was vested and therefore subject to division at the
       time of the divorce. Answering this question depends on whether the reserve
       retirement statutory scheme—in which the parties agree Gregory has a vested
       interest—is distinct from the active duty retirement scheme. If the schemes are
       distinct, and Gregory was vested only in the reserve program at the time of the
       divorce, then the circuit court erred as a matter of law in dividing the unvested
       interest in active-duty retirement pay. If the schemes are unified, then it was within
       the circuit court’s discretion to treat any future active-duty payments as an
       enhancement of an already vested interest akin to Askins [v. Askins, 288 Ark. 333,
       704 S.W.2d 632 (1986)].

2017 Ark. 98, at 3-4, 514 S.W.3d at 457.

       The supreme court concluded that Gregory’s reserve-duty and active-duty

retirement programs were separate and distinct military retirement plans. The court

therefore ruled that the circuit judge erred in awarding Shelly a portion of Gregory’s active-

                                               6
                                 Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 411

duty retirement in which he was not yet vested at the time of the divorce. Thus, under

Pelts, reserve-duty and active-duty retirement are not unified retirement systems but should

be viewed separately for purposes of marital-property division.

       Here, the circuit court initially divided Bert and Suzie’s marital property in the 1999

divorce decree. See Ark. Code Ann. § 9-12-315(a) (Repl. 2015) (providing that marital

property shall be distributed at the time the divorce decree is entered). The 1999 decree

correctly treated Bert’s reserve-duty retirement and active-duty retirement as two separate

systems and awarded Suzie a marital portion of Bert’s reserve-duty retirement—the only

type of retirement in which he was vested at that time. However, when the court entered

the Supplemental Decree in 2014, it treated the two types of retirement as one—it ruled

that Bert’s retirement pay fell under the general category of “military retirement”

encompassing both “active and/or reserve components of military service.” Laboring under

this misconception, the court awarded Suzie a share of Bert’s active-duty retirement, despite

the fact that his active-duty retirement was not vested at the time of the divorce. The court’s

ruling was therefore contrary to our supreme court’s holding in Pelts.

       In fairness, we recognize that Pelts had not yet been decided when the Supplemental

Decree was entered in 2014. However, the fact remains that the award to Suzie of a portion

of Bert’s active-duty retirement cannot stand in light of Pelts. We therefore reverse the

Supplemental Decree and any related orders granting Suzie a percentage of Bert’s active-

duty retirement pay. In light of our disposition, we also reverse the $6,500 in attorney’s fees

awarded to Suzie.

                                               7
                                  Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 411

                                        IV. Cross-Appeal

       Suzie argues on cross-appeal that the circuit court erred in not requiring that she be

named a beneficiary under a survivor-benefit plan (SBP), an annuity that military members

may provide for their survivors. The circuit court ruled that Suzie’s request for an SBP

either was barred by the doctrine of res judicata or was not supported by sufficient evidence.

We affirm the court’s ruling.

       The five elements of res judicata are 1) the first suit resulted in a final judgment on

the merits; 2) the first suit was based upon proper jurisdiction; 3) the first suit was fully

contested in good faith; 4) both suits involve the same claim or cause of action; and 5) both

suits involve the same parties or their privies. Mancabelli v. Gies, 2015 Ark. App. 67, 454

S.W.3d 785. Res judicata not only bars relitigation of claims that were actually litigated in

the first suit, but it also bars those that could have been litigated. Id. Here, the matter of the

SBP could have been litigated in the parties’ 1999 divorce when Bert’s reserve-duty

retirement was divided. However, the decree makes no mention of an SBP. Further, Suzie

did not file her motion seeking SBP coverage until several years after the entry of the decree.

Therefore, the elements of res judicata are met, and Suzie’s claim for an SBP is barred.

       Suzie argues, however, that the circuit court retained jurisdiction in the original

divorce decree to consider the SBP. She cites the final paragraph of the decree, which reads

as follows:

       And the Court retains jurisdiction of this cause for the purpose of adjudging and
       awarding to the parties their interest and rights to and in the property and for the
       purpose of ascertaining or enforcing all rights and obligations of the parties under this
       decree, and for other proper purposes.

We disagree with Suzie’s argument.
                                                8
                                  Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 411

       A general reservation of jurisdiction, such as the one quoted above, is not sufficient

to allow a later modification of a decree; the reservation must be specific to the particular

matter at issue. See Foster v. Foster, 96 Ark. App. 109, 239 S.W.3d 1 (2006). Here, the

reservation clause did not specifically mention an SBP. Thus, the circuit court did not retain

jurisdiction as to that matter.

       Suzie also argues that a clause in paragraph four of the decree, which divided Bert’s

reserve retirement pay, allows the circuit court to order an SBP. The clause reads:

       In addition, [Suzie] shall be afforded all entitlements applicable to former spouses who
       have been married to a service member over 20 years of which over 20 years were
       served as a military member. [Bert] will execute all forms or statements required to
       insure [Suzie] receives entitlements to include military identification card and medical
       benefits under Champus/Tricare. In the event [Suzie] discovers that [Bert] was vested
       in any additional retirement effective the date of this decree, she will be entitled to
       her share of the same.

(Emphasis added.)

       In a hearing below, Suzie asked the circuit court to clarify that the word

“entitlements” as used in paragraph four included an SBP. The circuit judge repeatedly

asked Suzie to demonstrate how an SBP qualified as an “entitlement” but ultimately ruled

that Suzie presented no evidence on the matter and therefore failed to meet her “burden to

show that the relief requested in her Motion was included within the terms of the parties’

Divorce Decree.” Our review of the record convinces us that the circuit judge was correct

in her assessment of the evidence, or lack thereof. We therefore affirm on cross-appeal.

       Reversed on direct appeal; affirmed on cross-appeal; motion to dismiss denied.
       WHITEAKER and HIXSON, JJ., agree.
       Taylor & Taylor Law Firm, P.A., by: Andrew M. Taylor and Tasha C. Taylor, for
appellant.
       Ballard & Ballard, P.A., by: Andrew D. Ballard, for appellee.

                                              9