Court Opinion

ID: 4684397
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-05-06 13:11:16.571479+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:14:16.787209
License: Public Domain

State of New York                                               MEMORANDUM
Court of Appeals                                           This memorandum is uncorrected and subject to
                                                         revision before publication in the New York Reports.

 No. 23
 The People &c.,
         Respondent,
      v.
 Kathon Anderson,
         Appellant.

 Cynthia Colt, for appellant.
 Solomon Neubort, for respondent.

 MEMORANDUM:

        The order of the Appellate Division should be affirmed.

        Defendant was 14 years old when he fired a revolver in the direction of rival gang

 members on a public bus and killed a bystander. He then pursued the rivals on the street,

 continuing to shoot at them. At his jury trial on charges that included murder in the second

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degree, the defense was justification (see Penal Law § 35.15). A defendant is justified in

using deadly physical force upon another person only if the defendant “reasonably believes

that [the] other person is using or about to use deadly physical force” (Penal Law § 35.15

[2] [a]), and only “when and to the extent [the defendant] reasonably believes such [force]

to be necessary to defend himself, herself or a third person” (Penal Law § 35.15 [1]; see

People v Goetz, 68 NY2d 96, 106 n 5 [1986]).

       Defendant sought to introduce testimony by an expert witness, concerning the

science of adolescent brain development and behavior, to assist the jury in determining

whether the People had met their burden of disproving justification. The trial court denied

defendant’s request, without conducting a Frye hearing (see Frye v United States, 293 F

1013 [DC Cir 1923]; People v Wesley, 83 NY2d 417, 423-429 [1994]).

       “[T]he admissibility and limits of expert testimony lie primarily in the sound

discretion of the trial court” (People v Lee, 96 NY2d 157, 162 [2001]). The criterion to be

applied is “whether the proffered expert testimony would aid a lay jury in reaching a

verdict” (id.). Under the particular facts of this case, the trial court did not abuse its

discretion in denying defendant’s request to permit the proposed expert witness testimony.

       Defendant’s remaining contentions lack merit.

Order affirmed, in a memorandum. Chief Judge DiFiore and Judges Rivera, Stein, Fahey,
Garcia and Wilson concur.

Decided May 4, 2021

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