Court Opinion

ID: 4709049
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-08-04 15:07:44.023172+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:06:53.728473
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 20-1272
                               Filed August 4, 2021

IN RE CONSERVATORSHIP OF F.M.K.,

H.K., CONSERVATOR,
       Plaintiff-Appellant,

vs.

HAYES LORENZEN LAWYERS, P.L.C,
     Defendant-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________

       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Dubuque County, Michael J.

Shubatt, Judge.

       The parents of F.M.K. appeal the district court decision awarding attorney

fees to Hayes Lorenzen Lawyers, P.L.C., which previously represented the parents

in a medical malpractice action. AFFIRMED.

       Todd N. Klapatauskas of Reynolds & Kenline, LLP, Dubuque, and Benjamin

Novotny and Matt J. Reilly of Trial Lawyers for Justice, Decorah, for appellant.

       David L. Brown and Tyler R. Smith of Hansen, McClintock & Riley, Des

Moines, for appellee.

       Heard by Vaitheswaran, P.J., Schumacher, J. and Gamble, S.J.*

*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2021)
                                          2

SCHUMACHER, Judge.

       The parents of F.M.K. appeal the district court decision awarding attorney

fees to Hayes Lorenzen Lawyers, P.L.C., which previously represented the parents

in a medical malpractice action. The district court did not abuse its discretion by

concluding Hayes Lorenzen did not terminate the contract. The court did not

abuse its discretion in determining the reasonable amount of attorney fees for the

law firm’s representation. We affirm the decision of the district court.

       I.     Background Facts & Proceedings

       Due to problems arising at the time of F.M.K.’s birth, the child’s parents

elected to pursue a medical malpractice action. On August 27, 2015, the parents

entered into a contingency fee contract with the law firm of Hayes Lorenzen, which

provided:

              In the event of recovery, Client shall pay Attorney the following
       fee based on the amount of the gross recovery without reduction for
       any expenses, offset or counterclaim against Client’s recovery, a fee
       equal to 40% of the recovery if settled without filing suit; a fee equal
       to 40% of the recovery after suit is filed and before notice of appeal
       to any appellate court; a fee equal to 40% of the recovery after notice
       of appeal; and a fee equal to 40% of the recovery if retried. IN THE
       EVENT NO RECOVERY IS MADE, ATTORNEY SHALL RECEIVE
       NO FEE FOR SERVICES PERFORMED UNDER THIS
       CONTRACT. If Client terminates Attorney’s employment before
       conclusion of the case, Client shall pay Attorney a fee based on the
       fair and reasonable value of the services performed by Attorney
       before termination.

       The medical malpractice action was filed. Hayes Lorenzen spent more than

three years building the case, including hiring fourteen experts.          The parties

engaged in mediation on April 29, 2019, with mediator Peter Gartelos.             The

defendants offered to settle for $1.5 million, and this offer was rejected by the

parents, who stated they would not accept less than $20 million. Gartelos stated,
                                        3

“At no time during the mediation did I observe any pressure exerted on [the

parents] by Mr. Hayes or his partners to settle for the amounts being offered.” A

subsequent offer to settle for $1.75 million was also rejected by the parents.

Because the mediation was unsuccessful, Hayes Lorenzen continued to prepare

for trial, which was scheduled for October 22.

      Hayes Lorenzen informed the parents a guardian ad litem (GAL) should be

appointed for the child, but the parents were reluctant to involve a GAL, as they

wanted to retain control of the case. The parents began researching different law

firms and contacted a law firm.

      On June 4, Hayes Lorenzen sent a letter to the parents stating a GAL should

be appointed for F.M.K. “because a formal offer has been made by the defense to

you and to [F.M.K.]. [F.M.K.] is unable to consider any offer, thus the need for

outside GAL.” The parents were given four options:

             1. You will sign the Petition for Conservatorship and
      Appointment of Guardian Ad Litem and we will continue to represent
      you and [F.M.K.];
             2. We will file the Motion for Appointment of Guardian Ad
      Litem, a copy of which is attached, and we will continue to represent
      you and [F.M.K.];
             3. You may find other counsel at this time to whom we will
      surrender the file, with cooperation; or
             4. We will file a motion with the Court to withdraw from
      representing you and [F.M.K.].

      The parents selected the third option and informed Hayes Lorenzen they

would obtain new counsel. The parents retained Trial Lawyers for Justice, LLP,

for the medical malpractice action.1 Hayes Lorenzen transferred its file to Trial

1The contingency fee contract with Trial Lawyers for Justice provided the law firm
would receive forty-five percent of any recovery.
                                          4

Lawyers for Justice which used the same expert witnesses that had been hired by

Hayes Lorenzen and the same exhibits, including expert reports, developed in

preparation for trial.

       On June 10, Hayes Lorenzen filed notice of an attorney’s lien under Iowa

Code section 602.10116 (2019). They stated the law firm had “invested significant

time and financial resources into pursuing Plaintiffs’ claim in this litigation.” They

stated that under the contingency fee agreement, they were entitled to the fair and

reasonable value of their services. A global settlement of $1.75 million was offered

to the parents, and forty percent of this amount is $700,000. Hayes Lorenzen

asserted that it was entitled to $700,000 in reasonable attorney fees.2 The parents

subsequently settled the case for an amount greater than $1.75 million.3

       A petition for the appointment of a conservator for F.M.K. was filed on

November 27. H.K. was named as the conservator. F.M.K. was represented by

separate counsel and a GAL was appointed.

       An application to approve the settlement agreement was filed on

December 10.       The proposed settlement agreement requested that Hayes

Lorenzen be paid $50,000 for previous work.          Hayes Lorenzen resisted the

application to approve the settlement agreement, stating that it was entitled to

attorney fees of $700,000. The settlement was approved with the exception that

$700,000 was set aside due to the dispute over attorney fees. Trial Lawyers for

Justice filed a response to Hayes Lorenzen’s resistance.

2  Hayes Lorenzen attached a bill of particulars, showing $167,540.87 in
unreimbursed expenses. This amount is not in dispute.
3 The terms of the settlement are confidential.
                                          5

       At the hearing on the attorney fee dispute, the parents testified they had an

oral agreement with Trial Lawyers for Justice to dispute the amount of attorney

fees awarded to Hayes Lorenzen. The parents and Trial Lawyers for Justice

agreed that any portion of the $700,000 that was not paid to Hayes Lorenzen would

be evenly split between Trial Lawyers for Justice and the parents.

       On September 2, 2020, the district court ruled that the parents terminated

their contract with Hayes Lorenzen. The court stated,

       Hayes Lorenzen had done virtually all of the work to prepare the case
       for trial during several years of litigation and were prepared to go to
       trial if [the parents] continued to hold to their demand of $20,000,000,
       which was well above the settlement value determined by Hayes
       Lorenzen, as well as the actual settlement that was eventually
       reached.

Relying upon Munger, Reinschmidt & Denne, L.L.P. v. Lienhard Plante, 940

N.W.2d 361, 371–72 (Iowa 2020), the court found the fee contract between Hayes

Lorenzen and the parents was “reasonable at the time of its inception.” The court

also stated, “Hayes Lorenzen did almost all of the work to prepare this case for

trial and more than earned the fee it seeks.” The court concluded Hayes Lorenzen

should be paid $700,000 for its work. The parents appeal from the district court’s

decision.

       II.    Standard of Review

       We review of an award of attorney fees in a case involving contingency fees

for an abuse of discretion. See King v. Armstrong, 518 N.W.2d 336, 337 (Iowa

1994) (addressing an award of attorney fees under a contingency agreement in

class action litigation). “An abuse of discretion occurs when ‘the court exercise[s]

[its] discretion on grounds or for reasons clearly untenable or to an extent clearly
                                          6

unreasonable.’” Eisenhauer ex rel. T.D. v. Henry Cty. Health Ctr., 935 N.W.2d 1,

9 (Iowa 2019) (citation omitted). “Grounds or reasons are clearly untenable if they

are not supported by substantial evidence or if they are based on an erroneous

application of law.” Id.

        III.      Discussion

        A.        The parents appeal the district court decision awarding Hayes

Lorenzen $700,000 in attorney fees. On appeal, the parents assert that Hayes

Lorenzen is owed no attorney fees and argue this “is a simple contract dispute

case.” They claim Hayes Lorenzen constructively terminated the contract for legal

representation and, therefore, is not entitled to an award of any attorney fees. The

parents contend the June 4, 2019, letter gave them an ultimatum requiring them

to either consent to a low settlement offer or seek new counsel. They claim their

only viable option was to terminate the contract with the law firm. The district court

found the parents terminated the contract and that Hayes Lorenzen was prepared

to go to trial.

        After the parents rejected the settlement offer of $1.75 million, Hayes

Lorenzen continued to engage in negotiations for settlement and simultaneously

prepare for trial.4 The evidence does not support the parents’ claim that the law

firm abandoned them after they rejected the settlement offer. Also, the parents

testified they had started to look for new legal representation even before they

received the June 4 letter.      The district court did not abuse its discretion by

concluding that Hayes Lorenzen did not terminate the contract.

4The mother of F.M.K. testified that after mediation, she felt “relief” that Hayes
Lorenzen was going to continue to represent them.
                                         7

       B.     Alternatively, the parents claim that if they are bound by the terms of

the contract with Hayes Lorenzen, then the law firm is not entitled to the

contingency fee of forty percent of $1.75 million because there was no recovery

while the parents were represented by the law firm. The parents also assert that

to the extent the parents terminated the contract, Hayes Lorenzen failed to prove

the fair and reasonable value of its services. The contract provides, “If Client

terminates Attorney’s employment before conclusion of the case, Client shall pay

Attorney a fee based on the fair and reasonable value of the services performed

by Attorney before termination.” The parents state Hayes Lorenzen is only entitled

to the fair and reasonable value of their services. The parents assert that Hayes

Lorenzen did not meet their burden to prove the fair and reasonable value of their

services and, therefore, is not entitled to an award of attorney fees.

       The court rejected the parents’ assertion that the fees awarded to Hayes

Lorenzen should be determined on a quantum meruit basis.5 Because the court

was not making a determination of the hours worked and a reasonable rate for

those hours, Hayes Lorenzen was not required to submit detailed billing records.

See Iowa Sup. Ct. Disciplinary Bd. v. Muhammad, 935 N.W.2d 24, 33 (Iowa 2019)

(noting billings were used for work performed in the absence of a contingency fee

agreement).

5 The district court found, “Hayes Lorenzen did almost all of the work to prepare
this case for trial and more than earned the fee it seeks.” The subsequent law firm
did not alter the expert designation that was completed by Hayes Lorenzen,
consisting of fourteen experts. Thus, even if the fees were calculated on a
quantum meruit basis, the court found the fees were reasonable. “Iowa courts
have recognized that the district court is an expert on the issue of reasonable
attorney fees.” King, 518 N.W.2d at 337.
                                            8

       In this regard, the parents assert the district court’s reliance on Munger is

misplaced. In Munger, after receiving a settlement, a client refused to pay its law

firm under the parties’ one-third contingency fee contract. 940 N.W.2d at 365. The

Iowa Supreme Court determined that contingency fee contracts are generally

enforceable. Id. at 366. The court stated:

       The [clients] overlook the risk allotted to both parties by the
       contingency fee contract. Instead, we conclude the contingency fee
       contract at issue was reasonable at the time of its inception.
       Consistent with our existing caselaw, we will not use [Iowa Rule of
       Professional Conduct] 32:1.5(a)’s noncontingency fee factors to
       reevaluate this contingency fee contract from a position of hindsight.
       This case does not fall within the narrow exceptions to that general
       rule.

Id. at 365–66. The factors used to determine the reasonableness of attorney fees

outside a contingency fee contract are “not . . . used to reexamine the contingency

fee contract ‘at the conclusion of successful litigation.’” Id. at 368 (citation omitted).

       There is an exception to this general principle when large fees have not

been earned “by either effort or a significant period of risk.” Id. at 367; see also

Iowa Sup. Ct. Disciplinary Bd. v. Hoffman, 572 N.W.2d 904, 908 (Iowa 1997)

(finding a contingency fee was excessive because the client’s recovery was not

due to the attorney’s work). This case does not come within the narrow exception

where a fee based on a contingency fee contract has been found to be

unreasonable. Hayes Lorenzen obtained expert witnesses and exhibits to support

the parents’ medical malpractice claims. The district court found the law firm

participated in mediation to settle the parents’ claims and did “virtually all the work

to prepare the case for trial during several years of litigation.” This is not a case

where the parents’ recovery was unrelated to the work of the law firm. Hayes
                                        9

Lorenzen argues if the forty-five percent contingency fee of Trial Lawyers for

Justice for four and a half months of negotiating is reasonable, the forty percent

contingency fee for three and a half years must also be reasonable and was

earned.

      Because this case does not come within the exception, the general principle

that contingency fee contracts are valid should be applied. See Munger, 940

N.W.2d at 366.     We consider whether the contingency fee contract “was

reasonable at the time of its inception.” Id. at 365. Contingency fee contracts

perform three functions:

             First, they enable persons who could not otherwise afford
      counsel to assert their rights, paying their lawyers only if the
      assertion succeeds. Second, contingent fees give lawyers an
      additional incentive to seek their clients’ success and to encourage
      only those clients with claims having a substantial likelihood of
      succeeding. Third, such fees enable a client to share the risk of
      losing with a lawyer, who is usually better able to assess the risk and
      to bear it by undertraining [undertaking] similar arrangements in
      other cases.

Id. at 366 (quoting Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers § 35 cmt.

b, at 257 (Am. Law Inst. 2000)). A high rate of return for an attorney does not

make a contingency fee contract unreasonable when it was made. Id.

      In applying Munger, the district court found:

      Using the legal analysis set forth therein, the Court concludes that
      the fee contract between [the parents] and Hayes Lorenzen was
      reasonable at the time of its inception. Although the case settled for
      a significant amount of money, it was not without its complexities.
      There was always a chance that a jury would return a full defense
      verdict, in which case there would be no recovery for [the parents]
      and no fee for the work put in over several years by Hayes Lorenzen.
                                         10

(Footnote omitted.) The court concluded, “a fee of $700,000, based on 40% of the

last settlement offer made to [the parents] before they terminated the contract, is

reasonable.”

         We conclude the district court did not abuse its discretion by concluding

$700,000 was a reasonable amount of attorney fees based on the contingency fee

contract with the parents. The district court is an expert on the issue of reasonable

attorney fees. See King, 518 N.W.2d at 337. We affirm the decision of the district

court.

         AFFIRMED.