Court Opinion

ID: 4020000
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-07-29 13:06:01.524498+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:33:55.923428
License: Public Domain

Nebraska Supreme Court Online Library
www.nebraska.gov/apps-courts-epub/
07/29/2016 08:06 AM CDT

                                                       - 294 -
                                  Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets
                                          294 Nebraska R eports
                                           HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                                              Cite as 294 Neb. 294

                                 James Huntington et al., appellants, v.
                                Donald H. Pedersen et al., appellees, and
                                   K.C. Engdahl, garnishee-appellee.
                                                  ___ N.W.2d ___

                                        Filed July 29, 2016.     No. S-14-1134.

                1.	 Garnishment: Appeal and Error. Garnishment is a legal proceeding.
                     To the extent factual issues are involved, the findings of a garnishment
                     hearing judge have the effect of findings by a jury and, on appeal, will
                     not be set aside unless clearly wrong.
                2.	 Statutes: Appeal and Error. Statutory interpretation is a question of
                     law that an appellate court resolves independently of the trial court.
                3.	 Garnishment: Statutes. Garnishment in aid of execution is a legal rem-
                     edy unknown at common law and was created by statute.
                4.	 Garnishment: Liability: Service of Process: Time. A garnishee’s
                     liability is to be determined as of the time of the service of the summons
                     in garnishment.
                5.	 Garnishment: Liability: Proof. In an action to determine the liabil-
                     ity of the garnishee, the plaintiff has the burden to establish why the
                     garnishee was liable to the defendant at the time notice of garnishment
                     was served.
                6.	 Garnishment: Pleadings. The plaintiff is required to frame the issues
                     in garnishment proceedings and does so through the application to deter-
                     mine liability.
                7.	 Statutes: Appeal and Error. The rules of statutory interpretation require
                     an appellate court to give effect to the entire language of a statute, and
                     to reconcile different provisions of the statutes so they are consistent,
                     harmonious, and sensible.
                 8.	 ____: ____. The language of a statute is to be given its plain and ordi-
                     nary meaning, and an appellate court will not resort to interpretation
                     to ascertain the meaning of statutory words which are plain, direct,
                     and unambiguous.
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             Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets
                     294 Nebraska R eports
                        HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                           Cite as 294 Neb. 294

 9.	 Statutes. A court must attempt to give effect to all parts of a statute,
     and if it can be avoided, no word, clause, or sentence will be rejected as
     superfluous or meaningless.
10.	 Words and Phrases. As a general rule, the use of the word “shall” is
     considered to indicate a mandatory directive, inconsistent with the idea
     of discretion.
11.	 Garnishment: Legislature: Intent. The Nebraska Legislature sought to
     protect a garnishee from the often unnecessary and sometimes oppres-
     sive litigation by demanding an expeditious disposition of garnish-
     ment proceedings.
12.	 Garnishment: Liability: Time. To achieve prompt disposition, the gar-
     nishment statutes have specified a relatively short time for counteraction
     by a judgment creditor or garnishor in the event of any dissatisfaction
     with a garnishee’s disclosure contained in answers to interrogatories,
     namely, a written application filed within 20 days in order to determine
     liability where a garnishee’s answers negate a debt, property, or credit
     due the judgment debtor from the garnishee.
13.	 Garnishment: Liability. While garnishment affords the plaintiff a
     remedy or means to satisfy a judgment, the garnishment statutes also
     embody a remedy and mechanism for the garnishee to obtain resolution
     of a question concerning the garnishee’s liability to avoid unneces-
     sary litigation.
14.	 Judgments: Res Judicata. Claim preclusion bars the relitigation of
     a matter that has been directly addressed or necessarily included in a
     former adjudication if (1) the former judgment was rendered by a court
     of competent jurisdiction, (2) the former judgment was a final judgment,
     (3) the former judgment was on the merits, and (4) the same parties or
     their privies were involved in both actions.
15.	 Res Judicata. Claim preclusion bars relitigation not only of those mat-
     ters actually litigated, but also of those matters which might have been
     litigated in the prior action.
16.	 ____. Claim preclusion rests on the necessity to terminate litigation
     and on the belief that a person should not be vexed twice for the
     same cause.
17.	 Garnishment: Pleadings: Liability. In a garnishment proceeding, the
     answers to interrogatories and the application to determine garnishee
     liability are the only pleadings for disposition of the liability issue.
18.	 ____: ____: ____. Although filed earlier in time, an answer to interroga-
     tories which states that a garnishee has no property, money, or credit
     due and owing to the judgment debtor acts as a denial of all issues
     presented by the application to determine garnishee liability filed by
     the garnishor.
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          Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets
                  294 Nebraska R eports
                   HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                      Cite as 294 Neb. 294

  Appeal from the District Court for Douglas County: J
Russell Derr, Judge. Affirmed.
  Theodore R. Boecker, Jr., of Boecker Law, P.C., L.L.O., for
appellants.
  K.C. Engdahl, pro se.
  Heavican, C.J., Wright, Connolly, Miller-Lerman, Cassel,
Stacy, and K elch, JJ.
  Miller-Lerman, J.
                     NATURE OF CASE
   Judgment creditors James Huntington, Tony C. Clark, and
Professional Management Midwest, Inc. (collectively the
appellants) served garnishment interrogatories on the judg-
ment debtors’ attorney, K.C. Engdahl, on two occasions. On
both occasions, Engdahl responded that he did not have any
property belonging to the judgment debtors. The appellants
did not challenge Engdahl’s answers in the first garnishment
proceeding; however, they did file an application to deter-
mine Engdahl’s garnishment liability in response to Engdahl’s
answers in the second garnishment proceeding. The second
garnishment proceeding gives rise to this appeal. The district
court for Douglas County overruled the appellants’ motion to
determine garnishment liability, based upon its determination
that when the appellants did not file a motion to determine
Engdahl’s liability after he responded to the first garnish-
ment interrogatories, he was released and discharged as to
the property sought therein and, based on claim preclusion,
such property could not be sought again by the appellants in
this second garnishment proceeding. The appellants appeal.
We affirm.
                   STATEMENT OF FACTS
  The original action underlying this case was brought by the
appellants against Donald H. Pedersen, Marcee Pedersen, and
Practice Business Consultants LLC (collectively the debtors)
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           Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets
                   294 Nebraska R eports
                     HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                        Cite as 294 Neb. 294

and two other defendants not at issue in this appeal. The
original litigation between the parties resulted in several judg-
ments against the debtors in favor of the appellants in excess
of $2 million. On July 31, 2013, the district court filed an
amended judgment which specifically set forth the amounts
owed by the debtors to the appellants.
   On August 23, 2013, Engdahl filed a notice of appeal on
behalf of the debtors from the July 31 amended judgment,
and that appeal was filed in the Nebraska Court of Appeals
as case No. A-13-733. That is not the appeal currently before
us. The debtors paid Engdahl $15,000 to prosecute the appeal.
The Court of Appeals issued a show cause order directing the
parties to demonstrate that “there had been a full disposition
of all the claims as to all the parties to the action” and, if not,
to show why the appeal should not be dismissed for lack of
jurisdiction. The debtors’ appeal was subsequently dismissed
for lack of jurisdiction.
   After the July 31, 2013, amended judgment in the underlying
action was filed, the appellants made two failed garnishment
attempts to collect on the judgments from Engdahl, the debtors’
attorney. The appellants’ first garnishment attempt occurred
in 2013. The appellants had issued three “Summons[es] and
Order[s] of Garnishment in Aid of Execution” of the amended
judgment, each dated August 29, 2013, as to three debtors.
The summonses were served on Engdahl as garnishee. On
September 11, Engdahl filed answers to the interrogatories
attached to the summonses, in which answers he indicated
that he did not have any property belonging to the debt-
ors. The appellants did not file an application to determine
Engdahl’s garnishment liability following his answers to the
2013 interrogatories.
   In June 2014, a debtor’s examination was held, at which
Donald testified. He stated that he had paid Engdahl a flat
attorney fee in the amount of $15,000 to prosecute the appeal
of the July 31, 2013, amended judgment. Donald testified
that he could not remember with specificity the date that he
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           Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets
                   294 Nebraska R eports
                    HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                       Cite as 294 Neb. 294

delivered the money orders to Engdahl; however, copies of the
money orders Donald used to pay Engdahl were dated August
23, 2013. As noted, also on August 23, Engdahl filed the notice
of appeal, and it was after that date that Engdahl filed his
answers, on September 11.
   Following the debtor’s examination, the appellants’ second
garnishment attempt against Engdahl occurred. On June 30,
2014, the appellants had issued a summons and order of gar-
nishment in aid of execution of the July 31, 2013, amended
judgment with respect to Donald. Engdahl was served on July
3, 2014. Engdahl’s answers to interrogatories related to the
second garnishment were signed by Engdahl on July 7 and
filed with the court on July 9. Engdahl again stated that he was
not in possession of any property belonging to or owed to the
debtor Donald.
   On July 18, 2014, the appellants filed a motion to determine
garnishee liability. In their motion, the appellants stated that
Engdahl did not earn some or all of the $15,000 attorney fee
paid to him by the debtors for the appeal in case No. A-13-733
and that therefore, the money belonged to the debtors. The
motion further stated that Donald had made a demand upon
Engdahl for the return of the $15,000 attorney fee, but that
Engdahl had refused the demand.
   A hearing was conducted. In an order filed November 18,
2014, the district court determined that the appellants were
seeking to garnish the $15,000 attorney fee in this second
garnishment proceeding but that application of Neb. Rev. Stat.
§ 25-1030 (Reissue 2008) precluded relief for the appellants.
Section 25-1030 states in relevant part:
         If the garnishee appears and answers and his or her
      disclosure is not satisfactory to the plaintiff . . . the
      plaintiff may file an application within twenty days for
      determination of the liability of the garnishee. The appli-
      cation may controvert the answer of the garnishee, or
      may allege facts showing the existence of indebtedness
      of the garnishee to the defendant or of the property and
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           Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets
                   294 Nebraska R eports
                     HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                        Cite as 294 Neb. 294

      credits of the defendant in the hands of the garnishee.
      The answer of the garnishee, if one has been filed, and
      the application for determination of the liability of the
      garnishee shall constitute the pleadings upon which trial
      of the issue of the liability of the garnishee shall be had.
      If the plaintiff fails to file such application within twenty
      days, the garnishee shall be released and discharged.
   The district court found that when Engdahl filed his answers
to the first garnishment interrogatories in September 2013, he
was already in possession of the $15,000 attorney fee pay-
ment. Thus, to the extent that the appellants wanted to chal-
lenge Engdahl’s interrogatory answers filed September 11,
2013, stating that he was not in possession of funds of the
debtors including Donald, § 25-1030 required the filing of
an application to determine Engdahl’s garnishment liability
within 20 days of Engdahl’s September 11 answers to the 2013
interrogatories. The district court stated that because the appel-
lants did not file an application to determine Engdahl’s liabil-
ity within 20 days of Engdahl’s answers to the first garnish-
ment interrogatories, Engdahl stood “released and discharged
as to those funds.” Because Engdahl had been released and
discharged as to the attorney fee funds in the first garnishment
proceeding, the district court concluded that the appellants
were precluded from collecting those same funds in the second
garnishment proceeding.
   The appellants appeal the November 18, 2014, order.
                   ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
   The appellants generally assign, consolidated and restated,
that the district court erred when it failed to find that Engdahl
was liable to the appellants for the second garnishment served
upon him and overruled the appellants’ motion to determine
Engdahl’s garnishment liability.
                STANDARDS OF REVIEW
   [1] Garnishment is a legal proceeding. To the extent factual
issues are involved, the findings of a garnishment hearing
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           Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets
                   294 Nebraska R eports
                    HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                       Cite as 294 Neb. 294

judge have the effect of findings by a jury and, on appeal, will
not be set aside unless clearly wrong. ML Manager v. Jensen,
287 Neb. 171, 842 N.W.2d 566 (2014).
   [2] Statutory interpretation is a question of law that an
appellate court resolves independently of the trial court. In
re Interest of Isabel P. et al., 293 Neb. 62, 875 N.W.2d
848 (2016).

                           ANALYSIS
   The appellants generally claim that the district court erred
when it determined that Engdahl was not liable on the sec-
ond garnishment, which the appellants served on Engdahl in
2014, and when the court overruled the appellants’ motion
to determine Engdahl’s liability. The appellants make several
arguments generally challenging the district court’s reasoning
to the effect that the appellants’ failure to challenge Engdahl’s
first answers to interrogatories in 2013 precluded their attempt
to collect the same funds from Engdahl in this second garnish-
ment proceeding. As explained below, we find no merit to the
appellants’ arguments.
   [3] The subject of this appeal arises out of a garnish-
ment. With respect to garnishment proceedings, we have
recently stated:
         Garnishment in aid of execution is a legal remedy
      unknown at common law and was created by statute.
      Generally, in cases where a court enters judgment in
      favor of a creditor, the judgment creditor may, as gar-
      nishor, request that the court issue a summons of gar-
      nishment against any person or business owing money
      to the judgment debtor. As garnishee, the person or
      business owing money to the judgment debtor must
      answer written interrogatories furnished by the garnishor
      to establish whether the garnishee holds any property or
      money belonging to or owed to the judgment debtor. The
      garnishee is required to answer within 10 days from the
      date of service. If the garnishor is not satisfied with the
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           Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets
                   294 Nebraska R eports
                    HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                       Cite as 294 Neb. 294

      interrogatory answers, it has 20 days to file an applica-
      tion for determination of the liability of the garnishee.
      Upon establishing through pleadings and trial that the
      garnishee holds property or credits of the judgment
      debtor, the garnishee must then pay such amounts to the
      court in satisfaction of the garnishor’s judgment against
      the judgment debtor, subject to certain statutory excep-
      tions with regard to wages.
ML Manager v. Jensen, 287 Neb. at 173-74, 842 N.W.2d
at 570.
   If the garnishee’s answers to the interrogatories are not sat-
isfactory to the garnishor, § 25-1030 provides the garnishor
with the opportunity to challenge the garnishee’s answers to
the interrogatories. Section 25-1030 states, in its entirety:
         If the garnishee appears and answers and his or her
      disclosure is not satisfactory to the plaintiff, or if he
      or she fails to comply with the order of the court, by
      delivering the property and paying the money owing
      into court, or giving the undertaking required in section
      25-1029, the plaintiff may file an application within
      twenty days for determination of the liability of the gar-
      nishee. The application may controvert the answer of the
      garnishee, or may allege facts showing the existence of
      indebtedness of the garnishee to the defendant or of the
      property and credits of the defendant in the hands of the
      garnishee. The answer of the garnishee, if one has been
      filed, and the application for determination of the liabil-
      ity of the garnishee shall constitute the pleadings upon
      which trial of the issue of the liability of the garnishee
      shall be had. If the plaintiff fails to file such applica-
      tion within twenty days, the garnishee shall be released
      and discharged.
   We note, as an initial matter and as explained by the appel-
lants to this court on appeal in both the first and second gar-
nishments, the appellants sought to subject to garnishment
all property or indebtedness which Engdahl may have had or
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                  294 Nebraska R eports
                   HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                      Cite as 294 Neb. 294

owed to the debtors. Thus, as it relates to the $15,000 attor-
ney fee, the appellants sought to garnish the same payment of
attorney fees to Engdahl in both the first and second garnish-
ment proceedings.
   With respect to the first garnishment, the record contains
three summonses in aid of execution that were served on
Engdahl which sought any property or indebtedness owed
by Engdahl to the debtors. Engdahl filed his answers to the
interrogatories attached to these summonses on September
11, 2013, in which answers he stated that he held no prop-
erty belonging to the debtors; and, as noted, the appellants
did not file an application to determine Engdahl’s garnish-
ment liability.
   [4] We have stated that a garnishee’s liability is to be
determined as of the time of the service of the summons in
garnishment. Spaghetti Ltd. Partnership v. Wolfe, 264 Neb.
365, 647 N.W.2d 615 (2002), disapproved on other grounds,
ML Manager v. Jensen, 287 Neb. 171, 842 N.W.2d 566
(2014). In its order filed November 18, 2014, from which
this appeal is taken, the district court found that Donald had
paid Engdahl $15,000 to represent him in the appeal of the
underlying case. It is undisputed that Engdahl filed the notice
of appeal for the underlying case on August 23, 2013, and
that the appeal was pending at the time the first garnishment
was filed and Engdahl was served. The court specifically
found that the $15,000 payment was in Engdahl’s posses-
sion at the time the first garnishment was served. The district
court stated: “Engdahl had been paid the [$15,000] funds
and was in possession of the funds by the time he received
the first garnishment interrogatory in September, 2013.” To
the extent factual issues are involved, the findings of a gar-
nishment hearing judge have the effect of findings by a jury
and, on appeal, will not be set aside unless clearly wrong.
ML Manager v. Jensen, supra. Upon our review of the record,
we cannot say that the district court’s finding that Engdahl
possessed the $15,000 at the time the first garnishment was
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           Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets
                   294 Nebraska R eports
                    HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                       Cite as 294 Neb. 294

served was clearly wrong, and therefore, such finding will not
be set aside. Thus, for purposes of our analysis, we accept the
district court’s finding that Engdahl had been paid and was in
possession of the $15,000 attorney fee at the time he filed his
first answers to interrogatories denying he owed any amount
to the debtors.
   With respect to the second garnishment, the record contains
a summons in aid of execution that was served on Engdahl
seeking any property or indebtedness owed by Engdahl to the
judgment debtor Donald. Engdahl filed his answers to the sec-
ond interrogatories on July 9, 2014, again stating that he held
no property belonging to Donald. Within 20 days of Engdahl’s
answers to the second interrogatories, the appellants filed their
motion to determine Engdahl’s garnishment liability. In the
motion, the appellants alleged that Donald had paid Engdahl a
$15,000 attorney fee to prosecute the appeal of the underlying
case, that Engdahl had not earned some or all of the $15,000
payment, and that thus, the money belonged to Donald and
Engdahl was liable for that amount.
   [5,6] In their application, the appellants specified that they
were seeking to garnish the $15,000 attorney fee payment and
alleged that Engdahl was liable for that amount. In an action
to determine the liability of the garnishee, the plaintiff has the
burden to establish why the garnishee was liable to the defend­
ant at the time notice of garnishment was served. Gerdes v.
Klindt, 253 Neb. 260, 570 N.W.2d 336 (1997). The plaintiff
is required to frame the issues in the garnishment proceed-
ings and does so through the application to determine liability.
Id. Based on the foregoing principles and given the findings
of the district court, the $15,000 payment sought to be gar-
nished by the appellants was the subject of both the first and
second garnishments. In other words, the appellants sought to
garnish the same property in both the first and second garnish-
ment proceedings.
   Having established that the appellants sought to garnish the
same property, specifically the $15,000 payment, in both the
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          Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets
                  294 Nebraska R eports
                   HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                      Cite as 294 Neb. 294

first and second garnishment proceedings, we must determine
what legal effect the first garnishment proceeding had on the
second garnishment proceeding. In doing so, we apply the
garnishment statutes, specifically § 25-1030, quoted above.
We recently clarified the application of the rules of statu-
tory interpretation to garnishment statutes. In ML Manager v.
Jensen, 287 Neb. 171, 842 N.W.2d 566 (2014), we recognized
that in earlier cases, we had stated that because garnishment
statutes were in derogation of common law, they were to
be strictly construed; however, we noted that by stating this
in our prior cases, we ignored Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-2218
(Reissue 2008), which provides that “[t]he rule of the com-
mon law that statutes in derogation thereof are to be strictly
construed has no application to this code.” Therefore, we held
in ML Manager that “[b]ecause the garnishment statutes are
part of chapter 25, we will view them under our general rules
of statutory interpretation.” 287 Neb. at 177, 842 N.W.2d
at 572.
   [7-9] Regarding our general rules of statutory interpreta-
tion, we have stated that the rules of statutory interpretation
require an appellate court to give effect to the entire lan-
guage of a statute, and to reconcile different provisions of
the statutes so they are consistent, harmonious, and sensible.
Hoppens v. Nebraska Dept. of Motor Vehicles, 288 Neb. 857,
852 N.W.2d 331 (2014). The language of a statute is to be
given its plain and ordinary meaning, and an appellate court
will not resort to interpretation to ascertain the meaning of
statutory words which are plain, direct, and unambiguous.
In re Estate of Alberts, 293 Neb. 1, 875 N.W.2d 427 (2016).
A court must attempt to give effect to all parts of a statute,
and if it can be avoided, no word, clause, or sentence will
be rejected as superfluous or meaningless. Village at North
Platte v. Lincoln Cty. Bd. of Equal., 292 Neb. 533, 873
N.W.2d 201 (2016).
   We apply these rules to § 25-1030. In this case, in response
to the first garnishment interrogatories, Engdahl stated that
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                   294 Nebraska R eports
                     HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                        Cite as 294 Neb. 294

he did not have any property belonging to the debtors. Under
§ 25-1030, the appellants had the opportunity to challenge
Engdahl’s answers to the interrogatories by filing an appli-
cation to determine garnishee liability within 20 days of
Engdahl’s answers. Section 25-1030 provides in part that “[i]f
the garnishee appears and answers and his or her disclosure
is not satisfactory to the plaintiff . . . the plaintiff may file an
application within twenty days for determination of the liability
of the garnishee.”
   [10] However, the appellants failed to file an application
to determine Engdahl’s garnishment liability within 20 days
after Engdahl filed his answers to the first interrogatories.
Section 25-1030 provides that “[i]f the plaintiff fails to file
such application within twenty days, the garnishee shall be
released and discharged.” As a general rule, the use of the
word “shall” is considered to indicate a mandatory directive,
inconsistent with the idea of discretion. Flores v. Flores-
Guerrero, 290 Neb. 248, 859 N.W.2d 578 (2015). In consider-
ing § 25-1030, we have stated:
      The words release and discharge have relatively popu-
      lar and generally accepted meanings. Release means
      “to relieve from something that confines, burdens,
      or oppresses.” Webster’s Third New International
      Dictionary, Unabridged 1917 (1981). Discharge means
      “to relieve of a charge, load, or burden . . . to free from
      something that burdens . . . release from an obligation.”
      Id. at 644.
NC+ Hybrids v. Growers Seed Assn., 228 Neb. 306, 310,
422 N.W.2d 542, 545 (1988) (NC+ Hybrids II) (emphasis in
original). Accordingly, under the plain language of § 25-1030,
if a garnishor fails to file an application to determine the
garnishee’s liability within 20 days of when the garnishee’s
answers to interrogatories are filed, the statute “prescribe[s]
an unequivocal and mandatory conclusion” that the garnishee
shall be released and discharged. NC+ Hybrids II, 228 Neb. at
312, 422 N.W.2d at 546.
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                    HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
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   [11-13] This reading of the plain language of the statute
is consistent with our previous pronouncements regarding
§ 25-1030. We have previously stated that the statutory lan-
guage indicates that the purpose of § 25-1030 was to create
an expedited garnishment proceeding. ML Manager v. Jensen,
287 Neb. 171, 842 N.W.2d 566 (2014); NC+ Hybrids v.
Growers Seed Assn., 219 Neb. 296, 363 N.W.2d 362 (1985)
(NC+ Hybrids I), disapproved on other grounds, ML Manager
v. Jensen, supra. As a stranger to the proceedings in which
a judgment has been obtained, a garnishee is normally an
innocent third party exposed to inconvenience and hazards or
expense of extended litigation. Id. The Nebraska Legislature
sought to protect a garnishee from this often unnecessary and
sometimes oppressive litigation by demanding an expeditious
disposition of proceedings. Id. To achieve prompt disposi-
tion, the garnishment statutes have specified a relatively short
time for counteraction by a judgment creditor or garnishor
in the event of any dissatisfaction with a garnishee’s disclo-
sure contained in answers to interrogatories, namely, a writ-
ten application filed within 20 days in order to determine
liability where a garnishee’s answers negate a debt, property,
or credit due the judgment debtor from the garnishee. Id.
While garnishment affords the plaintiff a remedy or means
to satisfy a judgment, the garnishment statutes also embody
a remedy and mechanism for the garnishee to obtain reso-
lution of a question concerning the garnishee’s liability to
avoid unnecessary litigation. ML Manager v. Jensen, supra;
NC+ Hybrids II.
   The history of the action reflected in our opinion in
NC+ Hybrids II is factually similar to the present case. In that
case, the garnishor failed to challenge the garnishee’s answers
to initial garnishment interrogatories by filing an application
to determine the garnishee’s liability within 20 days of the
garnishee’s initial answers, and accordingly, judgment was
entered in favor of the garnishee which discharged the gar-
nishee of liability. We affirmed the order of discharge on
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                   HUNTINGTON v. PEDERSEN
                      Cite as 294 Neb. 294

appeal. See NC+ Hybrids I. The garnishor filed a subsequent
garnishment against the garnishee which was directed toward
the same property that was at issue in the initial garnishment
proceeding. The garnishee claimed that the initial garnishment
proceeding had been terminated by discharge of the garnishee
and that the garnishor’s interrogatories served in the subse-
quent garnishment proceeding were not valid. The district
court agreed with the garnishee.
   [14-16] In affirming the district court’s decision in
NC+ Hybrids II, we looked to the doctrine of res judicata,
now called claim preclusion. Claim preclusion bars the reliti-
gation of a matter that has been directly addressed or nec-
essarily included in a former adjudication if (1) the former
judgment was rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction,
(2) the former judgment was a final judgment, (3) the former
judgment was on the merits, and (4) the same parties or their
privies were involved in both actions. See Hara v. Reichert,
287 Neb. 577, 843 N.W.2d 812 (2014). The doctrine bars
relitigation not only of those matters actually litigated, but
also of those matters which might have been litigated in the
prior action. Id. The doctrine rests on the necessity to termi-
nate litigation and on the belief that a person should not be
vexed twice for the same cause. Id.
   In NC+ Hybrids II, we determined that when a garnishor
fails to file an application to determine garnishment liability
in order to challenge the garnishee’s answers to interroga-
tories, the resulting judgment of discharge of the garnishee
pursuant to § 25-1030 is a judgment on the merits as an adju-
dication of the garnishee’s liability. In NC+ Hybrids II, we
observed that the garnishor’s subsequent garnishment sought
to garnish the same property or indebtedness as had been
sought in the initial garnishment and that therefore, “[t]he
question of [the garnishee’s] liability which was raised in the
previous garnishment is the same ultimate question raised in
[the garnishor’s] subsequent garnishment proceeding.” 228
Neb. at 313, 422 N.W.2d at 546. We determined that res
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judicata precluded another determination of the garnishee’s
liability in the subsequent garnishment proceeding, because
the garnishee had already obtained a favorable judgment on
the garnishor’s garnishment claim based on the same property
or indebtedness.
   In NC+ Hybrids II, we specifically held:
         Adhering to the policy embodied in the doctrine of res
      judicata, we now hold that, when a garnishee answers
      and denies an obligation or indebtedness to the judgment
      debtor, but the plaintiff fails to contest, controvert, or
      traverse such denial by the garnishee, a subsequent judg-
      ment of discharge, as the result of the plaintiff’s failure to
      respond, is a judgment on the merits as an adjudication
      of the garnishee’s liability to the plaintiff for the obliga-
      tion or indebtedness to the judgment debtor which is the
      subject of the garnishment proceeding.
228 Neb. at 312-13, 422 N.W.2d at 546. In addition, we noted
in NC+ Hybrids II that other “[c]ourts have applied the doc-
trine of res judicata to garnishment proceedings” under similar
procedural histories. 228 Neb. at 312, 422 N.W.2d at 546 (cit-
ing cases).
   In the present case, similarly to NC+ Hybrids II, the prop-
erty the appellants sought to garnish in the first garnishment
proceeding has been found to be the same as the property
sought in the second garnishment proceeding, herein spe-
cifically the $15,000 attorney fee Donald paid to Engdahl. In
the first garnishment proceeding, when the appellants failed
to file an application to determine Engdahl’s garnishment
liability after Engdahl filed his answers to the interrogato-
ries stating that he had no property belonging to the debtors,
Engdahl was “released and discharged” pursuant to § 25-1030.
This discharge was tantamount to a judgment on the mer-
its as an adjudication of Engdahl’s liability to the appel-
lants for the obligation or indebtedness of the debtors which
was the subject of the first garnishment proceeding. See
NC+ Hybrids II.
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   [17,18] In the second garnishment proceeding, Engdahl
again stated in his answers to the interrogatories that he held
no property belonging to the debtor Donald. The appellants
subsequently filed their motion to determine Engdahl’s gar-
nishment liability. In a garnishment proceeding, the answers
to interrogatories and the application to determine garnishee
liability are the only pleadings for disposition of the lia-
bility issue. Spaghetti Ltd. Partnership v. Wolfe, 264 Neb.
365, 647 N.W.2d 615 (2002), disapproved on other grounds,
ML Manager v. Jensen, 287 Neb. 171, 842 N.W.2d 566
(2014); Gerdes v. Klindt, 253 Neb. 260, 570 N.W.2d 336
(1997). See, also, § 25-1030 (stating that “[t]he answer of
the garnishee, if one has been filed, and the application for
determination of the liability of the garnishee shall constitute
the pleadings upon which trial of the issue of the liability of
the garnishee shall be had”). Although filed earlier in time,
an answer to interrogatories which states that a garnishee has
no property, money, or credit due and owing to the judgment
debtor acts as a denial of all issues presented by the applica-
tion to determine garnishee liability filed by the garnishor.
See Gerdes v. Klindt, supra. In their motion to determine
Engdahl’s garnishment liability, the appellants specified that
they sought to garnish the $15,000 attorney fee payment given
to Engdahl by Donald. The appellants did not allege another
or a new basis for claiming that Engdahl held property of one
of the appellants. The issue framed was limited to the $15,000
attorney fee.
   Because the first garnishment interrogatories were addressed
to any property or indebtedness Engdahl owed the appellants
and Engdahl was found to have been in possession of the
$15,000 attorney fee at the time summons were served on
Engdahl in the first garnishment, the unchallenged first gar-
nishment answers resulted in a judgment on the merits in favor
of Engdahl as garnishee as to the subject of the first proceed-
ing. The question of Engdahl’s liability which was raised in
the first garnishment is the same ultimate question raised in
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the appellants’ second garnishment proceeding, and therefore,
the appellants’ motion to determine Engdahl’s garnishment
liability in connection with the second garnishment proceeding
was effectively precluded. See NC+ Hybrids II. The district
court did not err when it overruled the appellants’ motion to
determine Engdahl’s garnishment liability.
                         CONCLUSION
   When the appellants did not file a motion to determine
Engdahl’s liability after he responded to the first garnishment
interrogatories, he was released and discharged as to the prop-
erty sought therein and, based on claim preclusion, such prop-
erty could not be sought again by the appellants in this second
garnishment proceeding. The district court did not err when
it overruled the appellants’ motion to determine Engdahl’s
garnishment liability in the second garnishment proceeding.
Accordingly, we affirm.
                                                     A ffirmed.