Court Opinion

ID: 155607
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-08-14 04:19:52+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:06:42.159887
License: Public Domain

F I L E D
                                                                        United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                Tenth Circuit
                        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                DEC 1 1997
                                     TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                           PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                    Clerk

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
                                                   Nos. 96-3349, 96-3350, 96-3364,
                   Plaintiff - Appellee,                  96-3365, 96-3386
              v.                                               D. Kansas
 PERL GLEN VAN PELT; JOHN LEE                          (D.C. No. 92-CR-40042)
 WACKER; LEROY ALLEN
 COOLEY; SUSAN MARY BOYLE;
 LEWIS THEODORE WACKER, also
 known as Louie Wacker,

                   Defendants - Appellants.

                                ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before ANDERSON, HENRY, and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges.

          After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34 (a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. This cause is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. 1

        This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
          *

law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

          We combine these separate appeals for disposition because they raise the same
          1

issues.
      Defendants Perl Glen Van Pelt, Leroy Allen Cooley, Susan Mary Boyle,

John Lee Wacker, and Lewis Theodore Wacker were each convicted on several

counts of drug related offenses and on counts of unlawful use of a firearm during

and in relation to a drug trafficking crime in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c). On

appeal, we, inter alia, reversed the § 924(c) convictions as to each defendant

because of the Supreme Court’s decision in Bailey v. United States, 116 S. Ct.
501 (1995). United States v. Wacker, 72 F.3d 1453 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 117
S. Ct. 136 (1996). We remanded for a new trial on one count for each defendant

to determine “whether these five defendants ‘used’ Edith Wacker’s .22 pistol

during and in relation to a drug trafficking offense within the meaning of 18

U.S.C. § 924(c).” Id. at 1480.

      After remand, the government moved to dismiss the remanded § 924(c)

count as to each defendant and no new trial was held. The district court then

notified the defendants prior to resentencing that it was considering an

enhancement pursuant to USSG § 2D1.1(b)(1) for possession of a firearm during

a drug trafficking offense. The government then filed a motion requesting such

an enhancement and defendants filed objections, stating that the limited scope of

the mandate on remand precluded the enhancement. The district court ordered the

preparation of a new presentence report, which recommended the § 2D1.1(b)(1)

enhancement. At the resentencing hearing defendants renewed their objections to

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the enhancement, and the court imposed sentences reflecting a two-level

enhancement under § 2D1.1(b)(1).

       On appeal the defendants each raise one issue: whether the district court

had jurisdiction to enhance defendants’ sentences due to the limited scope of our

mandate on remand. 2 In a published opinion, the district court thoroughly

analyzed and rejected this assertion. United States v. Van Pelt, 938 F. Supp. 697

(D. Kan. 1996). We are in complete agreement with the district court’s analysis

and conclusion, which is consistent with two cases that we decided subsequent to

the district court’s opinion. In United States v. Smith, 116 F.3d 857, 858-59

(10th Cir.), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 256 (1997), we held that, in a nearly identical

situation to the present ones, the Tenth Circuit’s prior “set aside” of the § 924(c)

conviction and sentence effectively vacated the sentence and allowed

resentencing, including the right to enhance the sentence pursuant to USSG

§ 2D1.1(b)(1). In United States v. Mendoza, 118 F.3d 707, 709-10 (10th Cir.),

cert. denied, 1997 WL 612704 (U.S. Nov. 3, 1997), we held that in a 28 U.S.C.

       2
        Van Pelt and John Wacker also argue that the facts in the record do not support
their sentence enhancement under § 2D1.1(b)(1). We reject this argument and find that
the enhancement was proper under the factual circumstances of this case, which are set
forth in our prior opinion. John Wacker also filed a pro se “Addendum to Appellant’s
Brief” containing various contentions, including that the superseding indictment was
unconstitutional, that the district court lacked jurisdiction to convict him for the drug
offenses, that the U.S. Attorney conspired with the Kansas authorities to violate his
constitutional rights, and that the government had the burden of proving that he is not
innocent of legalized possession of hemp. We find these arguments meritless.

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§ 2255 proceeding the district court had jurisdiction to enhance the sentence

pursuant to USSG § 2D1.1(b)(1) after vacating a § 924(c) conviction. Likewise,

in the present cases, the district court had jurisdiction within the scope of our

mandate to resentence the defendants and to include the § 2D1.1(b)(1)

enhancement.

      Accordingly, the sentence of each defendant is AFFIRMED.

                                                ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                                Stephen H. Anderson
                                                Circuit Judge

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