Court Opinion

ID: 2796979
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-04-28 18:00:07.487505+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:20:24.439314
License: Public Domain

ARMED SERVICES BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS

Appeals of --                                 )
                                              )
Suodor Al-Khair Co - SAKCO for General Trading)            ASBCA Nos. 59036, 59037
                                              )
Under Contract No. W91GY0-08-C-0025           )

APPEARANCE FOR THE APPELLANT:                              Mr. Ahmed S. Najm
                                                            Owner

APPEARANCES FOR THE GOVERNMENT:                            Raymond M. Saunders, Esq.
                                                            Army Chief Trial Attorney
                                                           Erica S. Beardsley, Esq.
                                                            Trial Attorney

OPINION BY ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE MELNICK ON THE GOVERNMENT'S
          MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF JURISDICTION

       ASBCA No. 59036 is an appeal from the contracting officer's (CO's)
29 October 2013 decision denying appellant's demand for payment for delivered air
conditioning units and an unpaid invoice. ASBCA No. 59037 is an appeal from the
same decision, which also asserted a government demand for payment for incurred
damages. The government moves to dismiss both appeals for lack of jurisdiction.

        STATEMENT OF FACTS (SOF) FOR PURPOSES OF THE MOTION

        1. On 1May2008, the Joint Contracting Command-Iraq/Afghanistan (Army or
government) awarded Contract No. W91 GY0-08-C-0025 (contract) to
Suodor Al-Khair Co - SAKCO for General Trading (SAKCO or appellant) for the
design and construction of barracks and classroom buildings at the Baghdad Police
College in Baghdad, Iraq (R4, tab 1 at 1-4). Construction included, among other
things, the installation of air conditioning units in buildings (R4, tab 1 at 11 ). The total
contract award price was $7,860,000 (R4, tab 1 at 3).

      2. The contract incorporated Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) clause
52.233-1, DISPUTES (JUL 2002) (R4, tab 1 at 33).

       3. On 2 February 2010, CO Theresa M. Hess (CO Hess) issued a final decision
terminating the contract "for default in its entirety." Notwithstanding that the
termination was in the "entirety," the final decision stated that SAKCO remained
obligated to deliver a specific number of air conditioning units by 16 February 2010.
(R4, tab 20) The final decision was subsequently incorporated into Modification
No. P00002, dated 2 February 2010, and the unilateral modification, now stating it was
a partial termination, established that the delivery of the air conditioning units would
cost $263,120 under the contract (R4, tab 21).

       4. On 15 February 2010, CO Hess issued another final decision terminating the
contract for default in its entirety. The termination removed the requirement for
delivery of the air conditioning units under Modification No. P00002 and stated that
the government would no longer accept any delivered units. (R4, tab 26) The final
decision was subsequently incorporated into unilateral Modification No. P00004,
dated 15 February 2010 (R4, tab 25).

       5. On 18 February 2010, CO Hess issued a "Notification of Demand for
Payment" of$65,763.13 from SAKCO for uncorrected and incomplete contract work.
The government asserted that incurred costs due to corrective repairs amounted to
$151,129.87. SAKCO was liable for $65,763.13 - the difference between the cost of
correcting the work and the government's withholding of previously requested
payments under the contract. (R4, tab 27)

       6. The record contains a document dated 2 March 2010, ostensibly signed by
CO Hess, converting the 18 February 2010 demand for payment notice into a
government claim for $65, 763 .13. The document asserted it was a "final contracting
officer decision" and included the contractor's appeal rights as prescribed under FAR
33.211. There is no evidence of when or ifthe document was received by SAKCO.
(R4, tab 29)

       7. By email dated 5 April 2012, SAKCO contacted Ms. Joanne M. Guild,
contract specialist for the Army Contracting Command - Reachback Division,
requesting assistance in receiving payment for the air conditioning units under
Modification No. P00002 (R4, tab 30). By email dated 19 April 2012, SAKCO
contacted CO Joan F. Wysoske, Chief of the Army Contracting Command - Reachback
Closeouts, requesting payment for the air conditioning units totaling $263,120 (R4,
tab 46).

       8. By email dated 1May2012, Ms. Guild provided SAKCO her review of the
status of SAKCO's $263,120 payment request. Ms. Guild communicated that the
termination of the contract under Modification No. P00004 removed the delivery
requirement for the air conditioning units and SAKCO was liable to the government in
the amount of$65,762.13 1 for damages. (R4, tab 54)

1
    Although Ms. Guild's .email stated that SAKCO was liable for $65,762.13, this
         appears to be a typographical error and the amount is $65,763.13 consistent
         with the amount in the 18 February 2010 notification (SOF ii 5).

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        9. By email dated 24 September 2013, SAKCO contacted CO Wysoske
requesting a status of Invoice No. 9 and its demand for payment for the air
conditioning units. By email on the same date, CO Wysoske responded that the
contract was terminated for default and no payments were due to SAKCO. (R4,
tab 60)

        10. By email dated 30 September 2013, Ms. Guild advised SAKCO that a copy
of the termination (dated 2 February 2010) had previously been sent on 3 May 2012
and that $65,762.13 in damages were owed to the government (R4, tab 67). By email
on the same date, SAKCO responded to Ms. Guild's email asking "why you are not
going to pay us this $65,763.13," and "what about the payment for the A/C" (R4,
tab 68).

       11. After being unsuccessful in persuading Ms. Guild, SAKCO again contacted
CO Wysoske, requesting her assistance by email dated 18 October 2013. By email on
the same date, CO Wysoske replied that she would review the contract file but "[i]f
there was a contracting officer's final decision in 2010, we will need significant
information to decide to overturn that decision." (R4, tab 74)

        12. By email dated 21 October 2013, an attached document characterized by
SAKCO as a report 2 was submitted to CO Wysoske providing the basis for the
payment amounts SAKCO sought (R4, tabs 75, 76). The document indicated that
SAKCO sought payment for Invoice No. 9 in the amount of $72,077.33 for an alleged
approved progress payment (R4, tab 76 at 1-3 3). The document also indicated that the
incurred costs for the air conditioning units were $343,460, although CO Hess valued
the units at $263,120 (id.). 4 The document concluded by requesting CO Wysoske to
"now evaluate the damages we have on this contract and how much we have due
payment did not get pay," and was signed by Mr. Ahmed S. Najm, SAKCO's Regional
Manager (id. at 8). The document did not contain a Contract Disputes Act (CDA),
41 U.S.C. §§ 7101-7109, certification.

       13. By email dated 22 October 2013, CO Wysoske notified SAKCO that a
decision was being written regarding its claim (R4, tab 80).

2
  While the document attached to the email was referred to by SAKCO as its report, by
        email dated 22 October 2013, SAKCO identified it as its claim to CO Wysoske
        (R4, tab 83 ).
3
  Citations to this tab are to the Bates-numbered pages.
4
  A 3 February 2010 email between SAKCO and CO Hess showed SAKCO disputing
        CO Hess' intent to pay $263,120 for the air conditioning units as SAKCO
        contended that the amount due was $343,460 (R4, tab 76 at 2-3, tab 22 at 9).

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        14. On 29 October 2013, CO Wysoske issued her final decision asserting that
"[a]fter a review of the contract file, the Government has determined that [SAK.CO] is
not owed payment of any amount. The Government has further determined that
[SAK.CO] owes [the government] $65,763.13 (plus interest and fees) to cover the
unpaid balance of the cost of repairs for damages incurred." (R4, tab 87 at 5) The
decision provided a statement of facts in which CO Wysoske found that the "last
e-mail correspondence between the contractor and the contracting officer located in
the contract file is dated February 21, 2010." The decision does not mention a
2 March 2010 final decision. The decision included the contractor's appeal rights as
prescribed in FAR 33 .211. (R4, tab 87 at 4, 5)

       15. On 26 November 2013, SAK.CO timely appealed from the CO's
29 October 2013 decision. The Board docketed ASBCA No. 59036 for the denial of
SAKCO's monetary claim, and ASBCA No. 59037 for the government's monetary
claim.

        16. In its 13 August 2014 order, the Board directed SAK.CO to provide a copy
of its certified claim that was the subject of the 29 October 2013 final decision, or
otherwise show cause as to why ASBCA No. 59036 should not be dismissed for lack
of jurisdiction.

       17. In response to the Board's order, SAKCO submitted a copy of its claim on
2 September 2014. The claim is the same document that SAK.CO submitted to
CO Wysoske on 21October2013 (SOF ~ 12) except it included a CDA certification
and was dated 2 September 2014.

      18. On 8 September 2014, the government moved to dismiss ASBCA
Nos. 59036 and 59037 for lack of jurisdiction.

       19. The Board's 9 September 2014 order provided SAKCO 30 days from the
date of the order to submit a response to the government's motion. The Board's
14 October 2014 order provided SAK.CO until 31 October 2014 to submit a response
or the Board intended to decide the motion without further comment from the parties.
No response was received by the Board.

                                     DECISION

      ASBCA No. 59036

     A prerequisite of the Board's exercise of jurisdiction over an appeal under the
CDA is the submission ofa claim to the CO for a decision. 41 U.S.C. § 7103;
M Maropakis Carpentry, Inc. v. United States, 609 F.3d 1323, 1327 (Fed. Cir. 2010).
The CDA does not define the term "claim"; however, the FAR defines a claim as "a

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written demand or written assertion by one of the contracting parties seeking, as a
matter of right, the payment of money in a sum certain, the adjustment or
interpretation of contract terms, or other relief arising under or relating to the
contract." FAR 2.101. When submitting a sum certain claim in excess of$100,000 to
the CO, the CDA requires a contractor to certify that:

                (A) the claim is made in good faith;
                (B) the supporting data are accurate and complete to the
               best of the contractor's knowledge and belief;
                (C) the amount requested accurately reflects the contract
               adjustment for which the contractor believes the Federal
               Government is liable; and
                (D) the certifier is authorized to certify the claim on
               behalf of the contractor.

41   u.s.c. § 7103(b)(l).
       In moving to dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction, the government
contends that SAK.CO failed to submit a certified claim in a sum certain to the CO.
The government argues that SAK.CO's email correspondence and its 21October2013
claim do not state a sum certain, and if a sum certain claim was submitted, it lacked
the certification required under the CDA. Moreover, the government contends that the
copy of the claim submitted by SAK.CO on 2 September 2014 to the Board, that
included a certification, was dated after the issuance of the CO's 29 October 2013
decision and was not submitted to the CO. (Gov't mot. at 10-11)

        SAK.CO has the burden of establfshing that the Board has jurisdiction over its
appeal. Baghdadi Swords Co., ASBCA No. 58539, 13 BCA i135,395 at 173,664. It is
apparent that SAKCO submitted two requests to the government seeking payment - a
demand in a sum certain, as a matter of right, for $72,077.33 covering the percentage
of work it alleges it completed and was approved by the government under the
contract; and a demand in a sum certain, as a matter of right, for $343,460 covering its
incurred costs for the air conditioning units (SOF i112). The 3 February 2010 email
indicated that the parties were in disagreement over the costs of the air conditioning
units after Modification No. P00002 was issued, with SAK.CO asserting that it was
entitled to $343,460 and the government unilaterally valuing the units at $263,120
(SOF i112 n.3). See CCIE & Co., ASBCA Nos. 58355, 59008, 14-1 BCA i135,700
at 174,817 (totality of the correspondence between the parties may be examined to
determine whether claim meets CDA criteria). We first address whether SAKCO's
21 October 2013 submission included one unitary claim or two separate claims, and
then whether certification was required for any claim. The government treats
SAKCO's requests as one unitary claim. If the requests involve an examination of
different operative facts, then the requests should be treated as two separate claims.

                                            5
See K-Con Building Systems, Inc. v. United States, 778 F.3d 1000 (Fed. Cir. 2015);
Placeway Construction Corp. v. United States, 920 F.2d 903, 907 (Fed. Cir. 1990) (for
purposes of determining whether certification requirement is applicable, if claims arise
from a common or related set of operative facts then a single claim exists). Here, the
two demands will involve examination of a different set of operative facts as one
demand involves facts concerning money allegedly owed for progress on the
construction project previously approved by the government, and the other demand
involves facts concerning alleged delivered air conditioning units under Modification
No. P00002. Thus, we have two separate claims. See CCIE, 14-1BCAii35,700 at
174,817-18 (two separate demands included in one invoice based on different sets of
operative facts). Since SAK.CO's claim for $72,077.33 to recover its progress
payment does not require a certification, we retain jurisdiction over this portion of its
appeal.

        SAKCO's claim seeking payment for the costs of the air conditioning units
exceeds $100,000 and requires a certification under the CDA. This certification is a
jurisdictional prerequisite for this Board. CCIE, 14-1 BCA ii 35,700 at 174,817. The
complete absence of a certification deprives the Board of jurisdiction, and the
subsequent certification of the contractor's claim after an appeal has been taken is
ineffective to cure the jurisdictional defect. WM Schlosser Co. v. United States, 705
F.2d 1336, 1338 (Fed. Cir. 1983). The 21 October 2013 submission lacks a
certification, and nothing in the record shows a certification accompanied SAKCO's
demand before this appeal was initiated. At the direction of the Board, SAK.CO
submitted a copy of its claim for this appeal which contains a certification, but the
certification is dated 2 September 2014, well after the filing of this appeal (SOF ii 17).
SAKCO's attempt to correct the defect with a retroactive certification after initiation
of this appeal has no legal bearing on the Board's jurisdiction ofthis appeal. IMS P.C.
Environmental Engineering, ASBCA No. 53158, 01-2 BCA ii 31,422; CDM
International, Inc., ASBCA No. 52123, 99-2 BCA ii 30,467. The retroactive
certification is ineffective to cure the original jurisdictional defect. Schlosser, 705
F.2d at 1338. If a contractor fails to submit a proper CDA claim to the CO, any
purported CO's decision on the matter is a nullity. Id. Therefore, we lack jurisdiction
to adjudicate the portion of SAKCO's appeal concerning the air conditioning units.

       ASBCA No. 59037

       Under the CDA, a CO's decision "on a claim is final and conclusive and is not
subject to review by any forum, tribunal, or Federal Government agency, unless an
appeal or action is timely commenced." 41 U.S.C. § 7103(g). A contractor may
appeal a CO' s final decision within 90 days from the contractor's receipt date of the
decision to an agency board, or alternatively, initiate an action within 12 months from
receipt date of the decision in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. 41 U.S.C. § 7104.
The 90-day appeal period for filing an appeal to this Board is statutory and may not be

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waived or extended. See Cosmic Construction Co. v. United States, 697 F.2d 1389,
1390 (Fed. Cir. 1982). Therefore, a prerequisite for this Board to exercise jurisdiction
over a contractor's appeal is the timely filing of an appeal. Mansoor International
Development Services, ASBCA No. 58423, 14-1BCAif35,742 at 174,926-27.

        SAK.CO timely appealed from CO Wysoske's 29 October 2013 final decision
asserting a government claim for $65,763.13 (SOF if 15). However, the government
makes two arguments to dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction contending that
SAKCO's notice of appeal was untimely. First, the government argues that SAK.CO
cannot prove that the Board has jurisdiction over its appeal, citing CANVS Corp.,
ASBCA No. 56347, 08-2 BCA ~ 33,892 for support. In particular, the government
contends that a 2 March 2010 final decision asserted the same government claim for
$65,763.13, and SAKCO's appeal is filed more than three years after that decision and
the termination of the contract. (Gov't mot. at 7) Second, the government argues that
the 29 October 2013 decision did not vitiate the finality of the 2 March 2010 decision
as CO Wysoske was not reconsidering the earlier decision and was merely addressing
SAKCO's repeated requests and failure to heed previously communicated instructions
(id. at 8-10).

       Here, it is undisputed that SAK.CO timely appealed from the CO's
29 October 2013 final decision to this Board. However, the government's position is
that SAK.CO lacks the right to appeal this decision because SAK.CO failed to appeal,
within the CDA's statutorily prescribed periods, an earlier purported 2 March 2010
final decision that asserted the same claim and was based on the same operative facts
as the 29 October 2013 decision. By arguing that this instant appeal is filed more than
three years after the alleged 2 March 2010 decision date, the government argues that
the 2 March 2010 decision is final and conclusive, and that the 29 October 2013
decision is ineffective as an assertion of a government claim.

       The CDA requires a CO to "mail or otherwise furnish a copy of the decision to
the contractor." 41 U.S.C. § 7103(d). FAR 33.21 l(b) further provides that the CO
furnish a copy "by certified mail, return receipt requested, or by any other method that
provides evidence of receipt." Whether the 2 March 2010 document became a final
and conclusive decision requires the determination of its effective receipt date by the
contractor. The government bears the burden to establish the contractor's receipt date.
Singleton Enterprises, ASBCA No. 58235, 14-1BCAif35,554 at 174,227; David
Grimaldi Co., ASBCA No. 49795, 97-2 BCA if 29,201 at 145,296; Tyrone Shanks,
ASBCA No. 54538, 05-2 BCA if 33,069 at 163,892. The government's reliance on
CANVS is misplaced because CANVS involved a party having the burden to prove that
it was a contractor under the CDA to establish the Board's jurisdiction over its appeal,
which is not an issue in this instant appeal.

                                           7
       The government has not met its burden. Nothing in the record shows SAK.CO
ever received a 2 March 2010 decision. Nor has the government alleged that SAK.CO
did receive a copy. Further, CO Wysoske's 29 October 2013 final decision failed to
mention or reference any 2 March 2010 decision (SOF ~ 14). Accordingly, we cannot
conclude that a 2 March 2010 final decision was ever sent, much less became final and
conclusive. Since SAKCO has timely appealed from CO Wysoske's 29 October 2013
final decision, we have jurisdiction to adjudicate ASBCA No. 59037.

                                     CONCLUSION

       The government's motion is granted in part in ASBCA No. 59036. We have
jurisdiction over the portion of SAKCO's appeal with regard to its demand for
progress payment for $72,077.33. Since SAKCO's demand for payment for the air
conditioning units is over $100,000 and lacked a CDA certification before this appeal
was initiated, we dismiss that portion of the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

       The government's motion is denied in ASBCA No. 59037.

       Dated: 14 April 2015

                                              ;zg~·
                                                MARK A. MELNICK
                                                Administrative Judge
                                                Armed Services Board
                                                of Contract Appeals

I concur
   4--p                   //     /

/~~iif9~                                        RICHARD SHACKLEFORD
Administrative Judge                            Administrative Judge
Acting Chairman                                 Vice Chairman
Armed Services Board                            Armed Services Board
of Contract Appeals                             of Contract Appeals

                                          8
      I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the Opinion and Decision of the
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals in ASBCA Nos. 59036, 59037, Appeals of
Suodor Al-Khair Co - SAK.CO for General Trading, rendered in conformance with the
Board's Charter.

      Dated:

                                              JEFFREY D. GARDIN
                                              Recorder, Armed Services
                                              Board of Contract Appeals

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