Court Opinion

ID: 3116509
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 07:42:11.782428+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:47:01.995205
License: Public Domain

Fourth Court of Appeals
                                          San Antonio, Texas
                                     MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                              No. 04-11-00887-CV

                                            Yevgenia SHOCKOME,
                                                  Appellant

                                                      v.
                                                   Timothy
                                            Timothy SHOCKOME,
                                                  Appellee

                    From the 218th Judicial District Court, Atascosa County, Texas
                                 Trial Court No. 09-02-00030-CVK
                             Honorable Fred Shannon, Judge Presiding 1

Opinion by:       Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

Sitting:          Karen Angelini, Justice
                  Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice
                  Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Delivered and Filed: July 24, 2013

AFFIRMED

           In the underlying cause, numerous motions have been filed by both parties—appellee

Timothy Shockome and appellant Yevgenia Shockome—pertaining to the child support and child

custody obligations arising out of a 2006 Amended Judgment of Divorce. The 2006 judgment was

entered by a New York court but was registered in Texas pursuant to a motion filed by Yevgenia.

1
  This court has jurisdiction to consider the challenges made in this appeal as to two orders. The first order, relating
to unreimbursed health insurance premiums and health care expenses, was signed by the Honorable Fred Shannon on
October 21, 2011. The second order, relating to a motion to recuse, was signed by the Honorable Pat Priest on
February 14, 2012.
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In this appeal, Yevgenia challenges various orders entered by the trial court; however, two

appellate concepts constrain our consideration of several issues raised by Yevgenia in her brief,

namely, jurisdiction and preservation of error.

                                          BACKGROUND

       As previously noted, both parties have filed numerous motions in the underlying cause

seeking to enforce or modify the provisions in the New York divorce decree pertaining to child

support and child custody. After a hearing on May 27, 2011, the trial court signed an order on

October 21, 2011, enforcing the provisions in the divorce decree ordering Yevgenia to pay a

percentage of the children’s health insurance premiums and health care expenses not covered by

health insurance. The trial court also signed temporary orders relating to child support and child

custody on July 3, 2011. Finally, on January 3, 2012, Yevgenia filed a motion to recuse the trial

judge who was specially appointed to preside over the underlying cause. The motion was referred

by the presiding administrative judge to the Honorable Pat Priest, who conducted a hearing and

signed an order denying the motion on February 14, 2012.

                         JURISDICTION AND PRESERVATION OF ERROR

       Yevgenia’s brief contains various complaints about the trial court’s actions in modifying

child support and child custody; however, those actions pertain to the temporary orders signed by

the trial court on July 3, 2011. This court does not have jurisdiction to consider any issues raised

by Yevgenia relating to the temporary orders. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 105.001(e) (West

2008) (“Temporary orders rendered under this section are not subject to interlocutory appeal.”).

Accordingly, those issues are dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. This opinion does not preclude

Yevgenia from challenging the trial court’s rulings after final orders are entered.

       In general, a party must preserve any complaints for appellate review by (1) making the

complaint known to the trial judge by a timely request, objection, or motion stating the grounds
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for the ruling; and (2) obtaining a ruling. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1; Serv. Corp. Int’l v. Guerra,

348 S.W.3d 221, 234 (Tex. 2011). In this appeal, Yevgenia raises numerous issues in her brief

that were not preserved for our review.

       After reviewing and analyzing Yevgenia’s brief in light of these two appellate concepts,

this court will limit its consideration to the following issues raised in Yevgenia’s brief: (1) whether

the trial court erred in enforcing a New York divorce decree that was entered in violation of a

bankruptcy court’s automatic stay; (2) whether Yevgenia received proper notice of the May 27,

2011 hearing; (3) whether the trial court erred in ordering the reimbursement of health care

insurance premiums and expenses that were paid after the date of the motion to enforce but prior

to the hearing; (4) whether the evidence is sufficient to support the trial court’s order; and (5)

whether the trial court erred in denying Yevgenia’s motion to recuse.

                       ENFORCEABILITY OF NEW YORK DIVORCE DECREE

       Yevgenia contends on appeal that the amended divorce decree was entered by the New

York court in violation of a bankruptcy court’s automatic stay; therefore, the provisions contained

in the decree relating to children’s health insurance premiums and health care expenses could not

be enforced by the trial court. As previously noted, however, Yevgenia moved for the New York

divorce decree to be registered in this state pursuant to section 152.305 of the Texas Family Code.

See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 152.305 (West 2008). Section 152.305 contains prerequisites to a

party contesting the validity of a registered order, including deadlines for notice and the filing of

a contest. See id. Section 152.305(f) states, “Confirmation of a registered order, whether by

operation of law or after notice and hearing, precludes further contest of the order with respect to

any matter that could have been asserted at the time of registration.” Id. § 152.305(f). As the

movant for registration, Yevgenia did not contest the validity of the New York divorce decree on

any grounds. Accordingly, she is precluded from contesting the order in this appeal.
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                                      NOTICE OF HEARING

       Yevgenia contends the trial court erred in proceeding with the hearing on May 27, 2011,

because she was not personally served with notice of the setting. The record reflects, however,

that Yevgenia was personally served with notice of a hearing set for August 31, 2010, on all

pending motions, including the motion to enforce pertaining to the health insurance premiums and

health care expenses. Yevgenia personally appeared at the hearing, but her attorney objected to

proceeding on the motion to enforce because Yevgenia was personally served with that motion

only one day before the date of the hearing. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 157.062(c) (West 2008)

(requiring respondent to be personally served with a copy of a motion to enforce “not later than

the tenth day before the date of the hearing”). After the trial court heard evidence and entered a

temporary order reducing the amount of child support Yevgenia was required to pay, the trial court

reserved the issues relating to the motion to enforce for a subsequent hearing.

       Yevgenia contends that she was entitled to personal service of the subsequent setting

pursuant to Texas Family Code section 157.062. Yevgenia’s contention ignores the effect of her

personal appearance at the initial setting for which she was personally served with notice. The

only objection Yevgenia made at the initial setting was that she was provided with less than ten

days’ notice of the hearing. Accordingly, the trial court reserved the issues relating to the motion

to enforce for a subsequent hearing. Notice of the subsequent setting was thereafter governed by

Rule 245 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, which requires only reasonable notice to the

parties. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 245; Knight v. Knight, 131 S.W.3d 535, 542 (Tex. App.—El Paso

2004, no pet.). In this case, the record reflects that Yevgenia’s attorney was provided with

reasonable notice and agreed to the reset date. Notice to Yevgenia’s attorney and his agreement

to the reset date was reasonable notice as required by the rules. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 245; Knight,
131 S.W.3d at 542.
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                                                                                       04-11-00887-CV

                            POST-MOTION PREMIUMS AND EXPENSES

       Yevgenia contends the trial court erred in failing to limit its enforcement order to her failure

to pay her portion of the health insurance premiums and health care expenses specifically listed in

the motion. Section 157.002(e) of the Texas Family Code provides, “The movant may allege

repeated past violations of the order and that future violations of a similar nature may occur before

the date of the hearing.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 157.002(e) (West 2008). In accordance with

section 157.002(e), the motion for enforcement filed by Timothy in the underlying cause stated

that he believed Yevgenia would continue to fail to comply with the order based on her past

violations and requested relief for each failure from the date the motion was filed until the date of

the hearing. These allegations provided Yevgenia with sufficient notice of Timothy’s intention to

enforce her failure to pay health insurance premiums and her failure to reimburse health care

expenses which accrued between the date of the motion and the date of the hearing. See Ex parte

Occhipenti, 796 S.W.2d 805, 810 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1990, no writ).

                                 SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE

       Yevgenia asserts the evidence is insufficient to support various findings underlying the

trial court’s order. “We review the trial court’s ruling on a post-divorce motion for enforcement

of a divorce decree under an abuse-of-discretion standard.” Morales v. Rice, 388 S.W.3d 376, 381

(Tex. App.—El Paso 2012, no pet.); In re T.J.L., 97 S.W.3d 257, 265 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th

Dist.] 2002, no pet.). “In determining whether the trial court abused its discretion, we engage in a

two-pronged analysis: (1) did the trial court have sufficient information upon which to exercise its

discretion; and (2) did the trial court err in its application of discretion?” Morales, 388 S.W.3d at

381. “The traditional sufficiency standards apply to the first question.” Id.

       With regard to Yevgenia’s ability to pay, the trial court heard evidence of Yevgenia’s

finances at its initial hearing, which included a pay stub reflecting Yevgenia’s earnings. With
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regard to the amount of health insurance premiums and unreimbursed health care expenses,

Yevgenia contends the copies of the actual medical bills were not introduced into evidence. The

record, however, contains Timothy’s pay stub, establishing the amount he paid for the children’s

health insurance. The record also contains Timothy’s testimony summarizing the payments he

made for the children’s health care expenses. This is sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s

findings with regard to the arrearage amount. See In re M.P.M., 161 S.W.3d 650, 660 (Tex. App.—

San Antonio 2005, no pet.) (noting evidence as to which medical expenses were not covered by

health insurance could be shown through testimony or other evidence); In re J.C.K., 143 S.W.3d
131, 142–43 (Tex. App.—Waco 2004, no pet.) (concluding that the mother’s testimony regarding

health care expenses she incurred was sufficient evidence to support award of those expenses).

With regard to the award of attorney’s fees, the testimony by Timothy’s attorney is sufficient to

support that award. See Garcia v. Gomez, 319 S.W.3d 638, 641 (Tex. 2010).

       Yevgenia also contends the trial court erred in ordering her to pay the health insurance

premiums and health care expenses as child support because New York law excuses the payment

of child support for any period of time a parent is deprived of his or her custody or visitation rights.

In his motion, however, Timothy sought reimbursement only for expenses incurred in and after

July of 2009. In April of 2009, the trial court in Texas already had entered temporary orders

governing visitation, and New York law would not apply to those temporary orders.

                                        MOTION TO RECUSE

       A trial court’s order denying a motion to recuse is reviewed under an abuse of discretion

standard. Nairn v. Killeen Indep. Sch. Dist., 366 S.W.3d 229, 250 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2012, no

pet.). “We consider the totality of the evidence and information presented at the recusal hearing

to see if the record reveals sufficient evidence to support the conclusion that the trial judge was

unbiased.” Id. The record in this case does not contain a reporter’s record from the hearing on
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Yevgenia’s motion to recuse. In the absence of such a record, we cannot review the order denying

the motion to recuse for abuse of discretion, and nothing is presented for review. See Parker v.

Textron Fin. Corp., No. 04-12-00564-CV, 2013 WL 979208, at *1 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Mar.

13, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.); Birnbaum v. Law Offices of G. David Westfall, P.C., 120 S.W.3d
470, 476 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, pet. denied).

                                         CONCLUSION

       The trial court’s orders signed October 21, 2011, and February 14, 2012, are affirmed.

                                                    Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

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