Court Opinion

ID: 7809328
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-07 17:10:54.937656+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:28:26.067014
License: Public Domain

McCULLOCH, C. J. Appellant, who is the owner of real property within the territory designated in a special statute as the Sebastian County Bridge District, imstituted this action in the court below against the district and the commissioners thereof to enjoin proceedings to-word the construction of the improvement, the levying of assessments, and issuance of bonds. The attaJek is upon the validity of the statute, as well as upon the regularity iand legality of the proceedings thereunder. i The statute creating the improvement district was enacted by the General Assembly of 1913 (Acts of 1913, p. 380) and the purpose was to authorize the construction and maintenance of a bridge across the Arkansas River from the foot of Garrison Avenue in the City of Fort' Smith to the opposite shore in Oklahoma. The whole of Upper Township in Sebastian County, including the city of Fort Smith, is embraced in the district. The creation of the district wias declared in the statute, the commissioners were named therein, and authority was granted upon certain conditions to construct said improvement, to levy and enforce assessments of benefit to real property, to pay for the cost of the thing, to issue bonds and do 'all other things necessary to accomplish the results provided for. Section 5 of the statute provided, in substance, that within thirty days after its passage the commissioners named should organize themselves into aboard by taking an oiath of office and by the selection of certain officers. Section 6, the phraseology of which presents the principal point of controversy in this litigation, read's as follows: “Immediately upon the organization of said commission, or as'soon thereafter a's is convenient, they shall give public notice of the passage of this Act and of their organization; and the purposes of said Act, and that the public improvement herein contemplated is conditioned upon its approval by a majority in value of the owners of real estate within sJaid district, or a majority of the electors voting in a special election which may be held upon this Act. This Act may be submitted in either or both of the following modes to determine whether it shall become operative: “A. If, at any time within two years from the passage of this Act, a petition or petitions purporting to be signed by 'a majority in value of the owners of reial property within said district is filed with said commission, the commission shall give public notice of said fact in at least one daily newspaper published in Fort Smith and set a day and place for the hearing not less than twenty days after the first publication of said notice; and, at said place and time so designated, the commissioners shall examine the petition or petitions filed, and examine the assessment of the real property within, said district, and, for the purpose of said hearing, may adjourn from day to day or from time to time until said hearing is completed, at which hearing any land owner in the district may be heard and evidence may be taken in such manner as the commission may deem proper to determine the facts as to whether said petition or petitions are signed by a majority in value of the land owners in said district, as shown by the last county assessment of the lands within said district. "If at said hearing the commissioners shall find that the petition or petitions are not sighed by a majority in value of the land owners of said district, as shown by the last county assessment, they shall so declare, and such finding’s shall terminate proceedings under this Act, unless within the term herein limited another petition or petitions purporting to be signed by a majority in value of owners of real estate in the district is filed with the commission, when like proceedings shall again be had to determine whether a majority in value of the land owners of the district have signed such petition or petitions; provided, the 'finding that a majority in value has not petitioned for the improvement-shall not bar the Act from becoming effective a.s provided in paragraph ‘ B ’ of this section. "If said commission shall find that said petition or petitions are signed by a majority in value of the land owners of the district as shown by the last county assessment, they shall so declare and shall proceed to carry out the purposes of this Act. And in either event public notice sib all be given in at least one daily newspap er published in Fort Smith of said fact, and a copy of their findings shall be filed with the county court of the Fort Smith District of Sebastian County. “B. The commission may call at any time within two years an election to determine whether this Act shall become operative and may call subsequent elections after the Act has failed to carry if the commission has good reason to believe that a majority of the electors then favor the Act. The election held under this section shall be held conformable as near as possible to the laws of the State governing general elections. The commissioners shall perform the duties of county election commissioners as near as applicable. All citizens of Upper Township who possess a right to vote if said election were a general election for State officers, and no others, shall be entitled to vote in said election. “The commission shall canvass the vote cast at such special election, and, if the commission shall find a ?najority of the votes cast in said election were in favor of this Act becoming operative, they shall so declare and shall proceed to carry out the purposes of this Act. “Public notice shall be given of their findings in either eyent in at least one daily newspaper published in Fort Smith, and copy of their findings shall be filed with the county court of the Fort Smith District of Sebastian County. “It is the intent of this section to permit this Act to become operative if it is approved at any time within two years in either of the foregoing methods and not to become operative unless approved within said period by one or the other of the methods herein provided." The Act was approved by the Governor on February 26th, 1913, but it did not declare the existence of an emergency, and therefore went into effect ninety days after the adjournment of the Legislature, according to the referendum clause of the Constitution. Amendment No. 10 to the Constitution of 1874. Arkansas Tax Commission v. Moore, 103 Ark. 48. An ascertainment, by petition, of the will of the majority of the property owners, or of the will of the majority of voters, by election, as provided in the statute, was not made until two years after the Act was approved by the Governor, but the General Assembly enacted another statute which was approved by the Governor March 30th, 1915 (Acts of 1915, p. 1337) containing an emergency clause, amending Sec. 6 of the original statute 'by substituting a copy, in extenso, of that section, except changing the words ‘ ‘ two years ” to ‘ ‘ six years ’ ’ so as to give the additional length of time within which to proceed thereunder. Two other sections were also amended in the same way by the new statute just referred to. An election was duly held under the statute and a majority of the voters were found to be favorable to the improvement and proceedings were under way to construct the improvement when this action was instituted. The first question which suggests .itself concerning the validity of the statute is whether or not it constituted an attempt on the part of the Legislature to delegate its constitutional authority to make the law. The answer is that the Legislature declared the law itself and merely prescribed conditions under which the powers conferred might be exercised. Boyd v. Bryant, 35 Ark. 69; Nall v. Kelley, 120 Ark. 277. The use of the word “operative” in reference to the effect of the approval by the property owners or voters is peculiar, but it has no controlling force in determining whether the law-makers meant to delegate their authority or merely to prescribe conditions upon which the powers conferred might be executed, for a consideration of the statute as a whole shows clearly that the latter was intended, and that the law-makers meant to enact the law instead of delegating the authority to the property owners or voters. Nor was it an attempt on the part of the Legislature, in enacting the amendatory statute of 1915, to revive or amend a law, or extend the provisions thereof ‘ ‘ by reference to title only,” in violation of the Constitution (Sec. 23, Art. V) which prohibits,that, and provides that ‘ ‘ so much thereof as is revived, amended, extended or conferred shall be re-enacted and published at length.” In the first place the amendment was not “fey reference to title only, ’ ’ bnt the whole of the sections -amended were reenacted and published at length. In the next place, the right to exercise the powers conferred by the statute was embraced in the amended sections which were re-enacted at length ¡and the other portions of the statute related to the procedure, so for that reason the Act of 1915 does not offend against the Constitution. Watkins v. Eureka Springs, 49 Ark. 131; Common School District v. Oak Grove Special School District, 102 Ark. 411; State v. McKinley, 120 Ark. 165; Harrington v. White, 131 Ark. 291. But it is contended that the original statute creating the district expired by limitation by reason of the failure to exercise the powers conferred within the prescribed time, and that for that reason ,the subsequent amendment constituted an abortive attempt to revive it in violation of the Constitution. The argument is that the time for exercising the power conferred began with the approval of the statute by the Governor and that it expired two years thereafter. This is, in effect, but ¡another argument that the statute constituted an attempt to delegate legislative authority, for if the law was enacted by the Legislature it remained in force, even though the time for exercising the powers conferred expired ¡before the amendment extending the.time was enacted. The law itself was not dead, though the power conferred could no longer be exercised without further legislative action. State v. Bailey, 56 Kans. 81, 42 Pac. 373. The interpretation of the statute to mean that the period prescribed for the exercise of the power began with the approval by the Governor — that the words “passage of this Act” referred to the time of approval, and not to the time the Act went into effect at the end of the referendum period is grounded on the decision of this court in Jackson v. State, 101 Ark. 473, where we held that the same words quoted above meant the, date of approval of a statute by the Governor. A majority of this court holds that the construction in the Jackson case controls in this case, and that the period prescribed began with the approval of the statute by the Governor. The writer cannot, however, refrain from expressing his dissent from that conclusion, and he is authorized to say that Mr. Justice Humphreys shares his views on the subject. The interpretation in the Jackson case of the meaning of those words resulted from a consideration of the whole of the statute then under review in the attempt to ascertain the intention of the law-makers. Arkansas Tax Commission v. Moore, supra. In searching for the intention of the law-makers in the statute now under consideration it is readily seen that they meant to prescribe a full period of two years within which the powers conferred might be exercised, and in order to give the statute that effect it is essential that the period be held to have begun when the statute went into force at the end of the referendum period, for obviously the powers could not be exercised uhtil then. Any other construction of the statute shortens the time within which the Legislature expressly provided that the power might be exercised, 'and makes the statute contradictory on its face. But, conceding that the time for exercising the power has expired, and so deciding, as the majority of the judges do, we hold that the attempt to amend the statute by the new Act of 1915 was not a violation of the Constitution. Another contention is that the statute is void because it authorizes the construction of a bridge extending outside of this State and into the State of Oklahoma. There is no restriction on the power of the Legislature with respect, to the location or extent of an improvement to be constructed through the agency of an improvement district. All that is found there is that “the assessments on real property in districts wholly within cities and towns must be based upon the consent of the majority in value of the property owners to be affected. ’ ’ Mullins v. City of Little Rock, 131 Ark. 59. The fact that the improvement lies partly inside of the district and partly outside does not defeat the power of the Legislature to provide for its construction to be paid for by assessments on the property benefited in the district. Mullins v. City of Little Rock, supra; Conway v. Miller County Highway & Bridge District, 125 Ark. 325. Nor is it otherwise where the improvement extends outside of the State if it results in peculiar benefits to the property in the district, and of that the legislative determination is decisive. The facts of the present case are different from any that we have heretofore had before us in that all of the improvement to be situated inside of the district is in the city and none of it in the rural part of the district, which includes both urban and rural territory. We have decided in numerous eases that the constitutional provision concerning improvement districts in cities and towns does not apply to a district formed out of territory both urban and rural, and we can not see how that question can be affected either one way or the other by the fact that the improvement itself is situated wholly in -the urban part of the district, or wholly in the rural part. The territory, both urban and rural, is treated as a whole in the formation of the district and the artificial boundaries between the two kinds of territory are entirely disregarded. The case of Shibley v. Sebastian County Bridge District, 96 Ark. 410, involved the validity of a district comprising both urban and rural property where the improvement (a bridge) was constructed entirely outside of the principal city in the district. We upheld the validity of the statute in that case, and it follows necessarily from that decision that it is unimportant as to what portion of the district the improvement is located in. It is also contended that a certain special statute enacted by the Legislature of the State of Oklahoma authorizing the construction of this bridge is void, and that the statute of Arkansas creating the district is non-effective for that reason. We need not consider the question' of the constitutionality of the Oklahoma statute inasmuch as no objection on the part of the State of Oklahoma is shown. The authority here to build the bridge is not conditioned on an additional grant of authority by the State of Oklahoma. Our statute only directs or empowers the board of commissioners to obtain from the proper authorities in the State of Oklahoma permission to maintain and control the bridge and to receive the contributions to go toward the payment of the cost. Unless it be shown that the 'construction of the improvement has been frustrated. by the exercise of lawful authority in another sovereign jurisdiction, the powers conferred in our statute can not be def eated. It is next insisted that the Act is void because it fails to provide a method for ascertaining injury to private property as a result of the construction of the bridge. The statute contains express provisions for the acquisition, by condemnation or otherwise, of a right-of-way for the bridge and its approaches, and provides for compensation to the owners of land “taken or used for the bridge or its approaches.” The Constitution (Sec. 22, Art. 2), which forbids the tailing -or injury of private property for public use without compensation, must, of course, be read into the statute, and even if the language of the statute be interpreted as not broad enough to include compensation for damage to property, the private owners are not deprived of their rights and the statute is not invalid on that account. The final contention relates to the proceedings under the statute, ,and it appears that the commissioners are about to proceed in violation of the statute by starting the bridge 300 feet back from the foot of Garrison avenue instead of starting it.at the foot of Garrison avenue, as provided in the statute. The statute authorizes the construction of a bridge ‘ ‘ across the Arkansas river at the foot of Garrison avenue,” but the plans contémplate that the approach to the bridge shall commence at the next street 300 feet back from the foot of Garrison avenue. It appears that there is a sharp decline on Garrison avenue from Second street down to the foot of the avenue at First street, and the plan for beginning the bridge at Second street was devised in order to give the proper height to the structure over the river so as not to interfere with navigation. This is necessary in order to comply with the act of Congress authorizing the construction of the bridge over a navigable stream. Appellant’s property is situated on Garrison avenue between First and Second streets, and he introduced testimony tending to show that his property would be greatly injured because of the fact that the approach to the bridge beginning at Second street carries it up above the 'ground floor of his building, and thus impairs the use and value of the building. The manifest purpose of the statute was to provide for the bridge as a continuation of Garrison avenue, the principal highway and business street o’f the city of Fort Smith, land, the expression “at the foot of'Garrison avenue” is used relatively, not as an expression of detail as to the location of the bridge, but merely to indicate that it was to be a continuation of that street. The reasons given for starting the bridge at Second street instead of at First street, which marks precisely the* end of Garrison avenue, apparently justify the adoption of that plan, and if appellant sustains injury to his property by reason of the improvement his remedy for recovery of damages is adequate. The conclusion is reached by the majority of the court that the several attacks upon the statute and the proceedings thereunder are unfounded and that the decree of the chancellor dismissing the complaint of'appellant was correct. Affirmed. WOOD and ELAR.T, JJ., dissent.