Court Opinion

ID: 2730437
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-08 22:00:24.460463+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:43:19.817196
License: Public Domain

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this
 Memorandum Decision shall not be
 regarded as precedent or cited before any
 court except for the purpose of establishing
 the defense of res judicata, collateral
 estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT – INTERVENOR:
State of Indiana
                                                                     FILED
                                                                  Apr 20 2012, 9:45 am

GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Attorney General                                                          CLERK
                                                                        of the supreme court,
                                                                        court of appeals and
                                                                               tax court

KATHY BRADLEY
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

IN RE THE MATTER OF THE SUPPORT OF                  )
DAVID L. MINIICK, II,                               )
                                                    )
DAVID L. MINICK,                                    )
                                                    )
       Appellant-Respondent,                        )
                                                    )
               vs.                                  )      No. 02A03-1109-DR-419
                                                    )
VICTORIA S. COX,                                    )
                                                    )
       Appellee-Petitioner.                         )

                      APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT
                          The Honorable Stephen M. Sims, Judge
                              Cause No. 02D07-9101-DR-45

                                          April 20, 2012

                MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

FRIEDLANDER, Judge
       The State of Indiana intervened, representing the interests of the State, in the child

support action involving David L. Minick, I (Father), who is a voluntary Title IV-D

participant, and Victoria Sue Cox (Mother), and pertaining to child support obligations for

their child (the Child). The State presents the following consolidated and restated issue for

our review: Did the trial court err by calculating a credit against Mother’s child support

arrearage and ordering a credit for a retroactive child-support obligation as to Father?

       We reverse and remand.

       On January 18, 1991, Mother filed a petition for dissolution of marriage from Father.

Child was the only child born of the marriage. On July 1, 1993, the trial court temporarily

modified custody to place the Child in Father’s custody, terminated Father’s child-support

obligation, and entered an order requiring Mother to pay $44.00 per week in child support.

On September 9, 1994, the trial court entered its decree of dissolution of marriage granting

custody of the Child to Father and requiring Mother to pay $47.00 per week in child support.

       Mother subsequently fell behind in her child-support obligation. On February 11,

2010, the State filed a motion to intervene and the motion was granted by the trial court. On

May 3, 2010, the State initiated a contempt action against Mother. The trial court set the

matter for a hearing to establish support, and then later entered an order emancipating the

Child for purposes of child support and abating Mother’s child-support obligation as of June

5, 2010.

       The trial court held a hearing to determine the amount of Mother’s child support

arrearage and calculated that amount to be $34,739.26. Mother agreed that the decree of

dissolution provided that Father had custody of the Child and that Mother was obligated to

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pay support, but claimed that she was entitled to a credit against her child-support arrearage

for periods of time during which the Child resided with her. Father disagreed with Mother

only as to the amount of the credit. Mother admitted that she had never filed a petition to

modify custody during the time periods when the Child resided with her.

       On February 9, 2011, the trial court issued an order finding Mother to be in arrears in

the amount of $34,739.26, but the parties continued to dispute the amount of the credit that

Mother claimed. A hearing was held on May 11, 2011, during which Mother, Father, and the

Child each testified about the time periods the Child had resided with Mother. On June 15,

2011, the trial court issued its order calculating the amount of credit to which Mother was

entitled. More specifically, the trial court concluded that Mother was entitled to a credit of

$47.00 per week for the 353 weeks the Child had lived with her. The trial court then found

that during the 353 weeks the Child lived with Mother, Father should have paid Mother

support in the amount of $47 per week for those 353 weeks. The total amount of credit given

to Mother by the trial court’s order was $33, 182.00, bringing the aggregate amount of

Mother’s child-support arrearage to $1,557.26.

       On June 30, 2011, the State filed a motion to correct error challenging the calculation

of the child-support arrearage credit and the determination that Father owed support to

Mother during her parenting time with the Child, but did not personally serve the trial court

with the motion. The trial court did not rule on the motion to correct error. On September 7,

2011, the trial court issued an order holding that the motion to correct error was deemed

denied on August 1, 2011 and that the time for appeal had passed. The State filed a notice of

appeal on September 13, 2011. Additional facts will be supplied where necessary.

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       As an initial matter, we note the disagreement between the State and the trial court

regarding when the State’s ability to appeal the trial court’s June 15, 2011 order expired. The

State did not personally serve the trial court with the motion to correct error as is required by

Ind. Trial Rule 59(C). The trial court concluded in its September 7, 2011 order that the

State’s ability to appeal the trial court’s order expired on August 1, 2011, the next business

day following the thirty-day period after which the defectively served motion to correct error

had been timely filed. The State, on the other hand, argues that the June 30, 2011 motion to

correct error from the trial court’s June 15, 2011 order was deemed denied on August 15,

2011, the next business day following the forty-five-day period after the motion to correct

error was filed. The State contends that its September 13, 2011 notice of appeal was thus

timely filed. The State also asserts that the trial court incorrectly concluded in its September

7, 2011 order that the time to file a notice of appeal had passed.

       In Vance v. Stainbrook, 903 N.E.2d 143 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), a motions panel of this

court was faced with a very similar issue. In Vance, the trial court issued its order on

February 5, 2008 against Vance. Vance filed a motion to correct error on March 3, 2008, but

did not personally serve the trial court with the motion. On May 12, 2008, after the trial

court had not ruled on Vance’s motion, Vance filed a motion for a hearing on his motion to

correct error. The trial court issued an order on May 13, 2008, in which it noted that because

Vance’s motion had not been ruled on within forty-five days, see Ind. Trial Rule 53.3, the

motion was deemed denied. Vance filed his notice of appeal on June 11, 2008.

       The Stainbrooks filed a motion to dismiss the appeal arguing that Vance’s motion to

correct error was deemed denied on April 18, 2008, and his notice of appeal filed on June 11,

                                               4
2008, or after the thirty-day time period for appeal, was untimely. The motions panel in

Vance noted that the purpose of T.R. 53.3(B)(1) (providing that the time limitations do not

apply where the trial court has not been personally served) was “not meant to provide parties

like Vance who have failed to comply with Ind. Trial Rule 59(C) additional time to file a

notice of appeal.” Vance v. Stainbrook, 903 N.E.2d at 145. The motions panel held that

because the trial court did not rule on Vance’s motion to correct error it was deemed denied

forty-five days after it was filed. Because Vance’s notice of appeal was not filed within

thirty days of that deemed denial, it was untimely, and his appeal was dismissed.

       We agree with the rationale set forth in Vance. Applying that rationale in the present

case we conclude that the State’s motion to correct error was timely filed on June 30, 2011

and although defectively served, was deemed denied on August 15, 2011. The September

13, 2011 notice of appeal is timely, as it was filed within thirty days of the deemed denial and

therefore, we may consider the merits of the State’s appeal.

       We observe that Mother has failed to file an appellee’s brief. When an appellee fails

to submit a brief, we apply a less stringent standard of review with respect to the showing

necessary to establish reversible error. Zoller v. Zoller, 858 N.E.2d 124 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006).

In such cases, we may reverse if the appellant establishes prima facie error, which is an error

at first sight, on first appearance, or on the face of it. Id. We will not undertake the burden

of developing legal arguments on the appellee’s behalf. Id.

       The State argues that the trial court abused its discretion when it denied the motion to

correct error and abused its discretion by calculating the arrearage credits. A trial court has

wide discretion to correct errors and to grant new trials. Gregor v. State, 646 N.E.2d 52 (Ind.

                                               5
Ct. App. 1994). We will reverse the trial court’s decision only for an abuse of discretion. Id.

An abuse of discretion will be found when the trial court’s action is against the logic and

effect of the facts and circumstances before it and the inferences which may be drawn

therefrom. Id. Our standard of reviewing child support awards is well settled. Child support

orders are generally within the sound discretion of the trial court. Brodt v. Lewis, 824 N.E.2d
1288 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005). We will reverse the trial court’s determination only where it is

clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances. Id. “We do not revisit

weight and credibility issues but confine our review to the evidence while reasonable

inferences favorable to the judgment are considered.” Brodt v. Lewis, 824 N.E.2d 1288,

1291 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005).

       Ind. Code Ann. § 31-16-16-6 (West, Westlaw current through 2011 1st Reg. Sess.)

provides that a trial court may not retroactively modify an obligor’s duty to pay delinquent

child support. Once support obligations have accrued, the trial court may not retroactively

reduce or eliminate such obligations. Whited v. Whited, 859 N.E.2d 657 (Ind. 2007). Two

exceptions to the rule against retroactive modification exist and occur when: (1) the “parties

have agreed to and carried out an alternative method of payment which substantially

complies with the spirit of the decree, or (2) the obligated parent takes the child into his or

her home, assumes custody, provides necessities, and exercises parental control for such a

period of time.” Whited v. Whited, 859 N.E2.d 657, 662 (Ind. 2007). In this appeal, the

second exception is applicable.

       Mother never filed a petition to modify support during the time periods when the

Child resided with her, and the parties do not dispute that the Child resided with her for those

                                               6
periods of time. After the trial court temporarily granted custody of the Child to Father while

the petition for decree of dissolution was pending, the trial court terminated Father’s

obligation to pay child support. The final decree of dissolution provided that Father would

have custody of the Child and that Mother would pay support.

       The State does not challenge the trial court’s determination that Mother was entitled to

a credit against her arrearage, but does challenge the trial court’s calculation. In particular,

the State notes that the trial court gave Mother a credit of $6,909.00 against her arrearage for

the August 1, 2005 through May 31, 2008, or 147-week time period. Then the trial court

gave Mother a credit of $8,178.00 against her arrearage for the August 1, 2005 through

November 30, 2008, or 174-week time period. It is clear that the trial court mistakenly

applied a credit for the August 1, 2005, through May 31, 2008, time period twice. We

reverse the trial court’s calculation of child support arrearage credit in this regard and remand

to the trial court to remove the credit of $6,909.00 and adjust the calculation because the

State has shown prima facie evidence of an abuse of discretion. Mother should receive a

credit against her child support arrearage of $47 per week for 206 weeks, not 353 weeks.

       The State further argues that the trial court abused its discretion by concluding that

Father should have paid child support to Mother at the rate of $47 per week for the periods

during which the Child resided with her. Mother never sought a modification for child

support when the Child lived with her, and there was no provision in the decree of

dissolution to require Father to pay child support should the custody arrangement informally

change by agreement of the parties. Thus, there was no legal basis for the trial court to grant

such a credit. It is the obligated parent who is relieved of his or her burden under a child

                                               7
support order, when as here the obligated parent exercises such control of the child that a

permanent change of custody has in effect occurred. In re Marriage of Jackson, 682 N.E.2d
549 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997). The appropriate recourse for the obligated parent in such a

situation is to seek modification of child support.

       Additionally, the trial court determined that Father should have paid the same amount

of child support to Mother as Mother paid to Father, $47.00 per week, without inquiring into

Father’s weekly gross income, subject to certain adjustments. See Ind. Child Supp. G. 3.

Retroactive modification of support is erroneous if the modification relates back to a date

earlier than when a petition for modification is filed. Reeves v. Reeves, 584 N.E.2d 589 (Ind.

Ct. App. 1992). Here, no such petition was filed and the retroactive modification of support

was erroneous.

       We remand this matter to the trial court with instructions to remove the duplicate

credit of $6,909.00 against Mother’s child support arrearage. Mother should receive a credit

against her child support arrearage of $47 per week for 206 weeks, not 353 weeks, for a total

credit of $9,682.00, and the trial court should adjust the calculation accordingly.

Furthermore, we instruct the trial court to remove the credit of $16,591.00 that erroneously

was applied against Mother’s child support arrearage for periods during which the Child

lived with Mother, as Mother did not pursue a petition for child support modification.

       Judgment reversed and remanded with instructions.

MAY, J., and BARNES, J., concur.

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