Court Opinion

ID: 1069913
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 19:36:24.867631+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:19:28.075691
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Bumgardner, Humphreys and Agee
Argued at Salem, Virginia

JERRY LEWIS REYNOLDS
                                           MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.   Record No. 0038-00-3              JUDGE RUDOLPH BUMGARDNER, III
                                                MARCH 27, 2001
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

             FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY
                       Charles J. Strauss, Judge

             Albert L. Shaw for appellant.

             Stephen R. McCullough, Assistant Attorney
             General (Mark L. Earley, Attorney General, on
             brief), for appellee.

     The trial court convicted Jerry Lewis Reynolds of three

counts of forgery, statutory burglary, and petit larceny.       He

challenges the sufficiency of the evidence.       Finding no error,

we affirm.

     We review the evidence in the light most favorable to the

Commonwealth.     Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443, 358

S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987).     Shelley Johnson's home in Pittsylvania

County was burglarized June 20, 1999.        The burglar stole $50

cash and Johnson's checkbook, which included check numbers 106

through 114.

     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not
designated for publication.
        The defendant presented check number 106, payable to James

Miller and endorsed with that name, at First National Bank of

Altavista in neighboring Campbell County.    Donna Blanks, the

teller, refused to cash the check when the defendant could not

provide any identification.    Upon the refusal, the defendant

said nothing but turned and walked out of the bank leaving the

check there.    Deputy David Wilkes viewed the bank's videotape of

the transaction and identified the defendant as the person

uttering the check.

        Mary Gary worked at Sycamore Grocery, a few miles from

Johnson's home.    The defendant presented her with six or seven

checks drawn on Shelley Johnson's account.    The defendant

endorsed the checks on the back, and Gary cashed the checks

without requiring identification.    She did not recall whether

the dates on the checks were the dates the defendant presented

them.    The first series of checks, payable to Jason Robertson

and endorsed with that name, were dishonored and returned.       A

few days later, the defendant again came to the store and

presented another check.    Gary told him she could no longer cash

it for him.    The defendant left without saying anything.    During

his investigation, Deputy Wilkes never located a person named

Jason Robertson.

        The Commonwealth admitted check number 106, which was

presented to the Bank of Altavista, and seven checks numbered

107 through 114, which were cashed by the grocery.    The checks

                                 - 2 -
were in the checkbook when stolen, and the owner's handwriting

did not appear on any of them.

        First, we consider whether the evidence supports the

burglary and petit larceny convictions.    Possession of recently

stolen goods permits the inference that the possessor stole

them.     Bright v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 248, 251, 356 S.E.2d

443, 444 (1987).    If the evidence proves goods were taken during

a simultaneous burglary and larceny, recent possession of the

stolen goods permits an inference the possessor committed the

burglary.     Schaum v. Commonwealth, 215 Va. 498, 501, 211 S.E.2d

73, 76 (1975).    Unexplained possession of recently stolen goods

permits a "direct inference of the breaking and entering

necessary to establish some type of burglary."    John L.

Costello, Virginia Criminal Law and Procedure § 9.2, 126-27 (2d

ed. 1999) (footnote omitted).

        The trial court found the defendant presented check number

106 to the bank in Campbell County three days after it was

stolen from the Johnson home.    His possession of the stolen

check coupled with his unusual behavior of departing the scene

after payment was refused, permitted the trial court to find the

defendant guilty of both the breaking and entering and the

larceny of the check.

        Next, we consider whether the evidence supports the forgery

convictions.    "'[P]ossession of a forged check by an accused,

which he claims as a payee, is prima facie evidence that he

                                 - 3 -
either forged the instrument or procured it to be forged.'"

Fitzgerald v. Commonwealth, 227 Va. 171, 174, 313 S.E.2d 394,

395 (1984) (citation omitted) (emphasis in original).    While

this is not a conclusive presumption, "it will warrant

submission of the issue of guilt of forgery to the jury, and

will support a verdict of guilty if the jury so finds."      Id.

(citation omitted).

     Three days after a burglary, the defendant tried to cash

check 106, payable to James Miller and endorsed with that name.

The defendant presented six or seven checks drawn on Shelley

Johnson's account to the Sycamore Grocery.    Check numbers 108,

110, and 114 were payable to Jason Robertson.    They were

endorsed Jason Roberson (108), Jason Rubertson (110), and Jason

Rebertson (114).    The trial court convicted the defendant of

forgery of checks 108, 110, and 114 because it found the

handwriting similar to that on check 106.    "Comparison of known

and questioned [writing] samples may be made by the jury, even

without the benefit of expert testimony."    Charles E. Friend,

The Law of Evidence in Virginia § 15-11(d), 547 (5th ed. 1999)

(citing Keister v. Philips, 124 Va. 585, 98 S.E. 674 (1919)).

     The defendant possessed forged checks which he presented

for payment.   He posed as the fictitious payees and endorsed the

checks with the fictitious names.    The fact finder was entitled

to infer the defendant either forged the checks or procured

their forgery.     Fitzgerald, 227 Va. at 174, 313 S.E.2d at 396.

                                 - 4 -
The checks were similar in so many ways 1 that a reasonable person

viewing the exhibits could conclude they had a common origin.

The evidence supports the defendant's convictions of forging

checks numbered 108, 110, and 114.

     Accordingly, we affirm his convictions.

                                                         Affirmed.

     1
       Not only were the names of the payees similar, the amount
of the checks and the memo notations were similar. Most
striking, the errors in the spellings were similar. The payor's
name was misspelled on all but two of the checks even though her
name was printed on the face of the check. The checks payable
to Jason Robertson were endorsed with different spellings of
Robertson but made in similar handwriting.

                              - 5 -