Court Opinion

ID: 4065996
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-29 22:21:13.968977+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:32:28.160836
License: Public Domain

ACCEPTED
                                                                                     03-15-00007-CV
                                                                                             5239813
                                                                          THIRD COURT OF APPEALS
     SEE AMENDED BRF                                                                 AUSTIN, TEXAS
     FILED ON 5/14/15                                                           5/11/2015 6:29:38 PM
                                                                                   JEFFREY D. KYLE
                                                                                              CLERK
                             No. 03-15-00007-CV
                              _______________
                                                                     FILED IN
                                                              3rd COURT OF APPEALS
                        In the Court of Appeals                   AUSTIN, TEXAS

                        Third District of Texas               5/11/2015 6:29:38 PM
                                                                JEFFREY D. KYLE
                            Austin, Texas                             Clerk
                              _______________

                                 JOHN DOE,
                                                       APPELLANT
                                     V.

       BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE STATE BAR OF TEXAS, COMMISSION
       FOR LAWYER DISCIPLINE, AND LINDA ACEVEDO, IN HER OFFICIAL
  CAPACITY AS THE CHIEF DISCIPLINARY COUNSEL OF THE STATE BAR OF TEXAS,
                                                   APPELLEES
                             _______________

                    Appealed from the 126th District Court
                          Of Travis County, Texas
                   Honorable Scott Jenkins, Judge Presiding
                              _______________

                           BRIEF OF APPELLEES
      BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE STATE BAR OF TEXAS, COMMISSION
       FOR LAWYER DISCIPLINE, AND LINDA ACEVEDO, IN HER OFFICIAL
  CAPACITY AS THE CHIEF DISCIPLINARY COUNSEL OF THE STATE BAR OF TEXAS
                        (ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED)
                              _______________

LINDA A. ACEVEDO                          CYNTHIA CANFIELD HAMILTON
CHIEF DISCIPLINARY COUNSEL                SENIOR APPELLATE COUNSEL

LAURA BAYOUTH POPPS                       OFFICE OF THE CHIEF DISCIPLINARY
DEPUTY COUNSEL FOR ADMINISTRATION         COUNSEL
                                          STATE BAR OF TEXAS
                                          P.O. BOX 12487
                                          AUSTIN, TEXAS 78711-2487
                                          512.427.1350; 1.877.953.5535
                                          FAX: 512.427.4167
                       NAMES OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL

APPELLANT

John Doe

COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT

GAINES WEST
State Bar No. 21197500
gaines.west@westwebblaw.com

JENNIFER D. JASPER
State Bar No. 24027026
jennifer.jasper@westwebblaw.com

ROB GEORGE
State Bar No. 24067623
rob.george@westwebblaw.com

WEST, WEBB, ALLBRITTON & GENTRY, P.C.
1515 Emerald Plaza
College Station, Texas 77845
Telephone: 979.694.7000
Fax: 979.694.8000

APPELLEES

BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE STATE BAR OF TEXAS
COMMISSION FOR LAWYER DISCIPLINE
LINDA ACEVEDO, CHIEF DISCIPLINARY COUNSEL OF THE STATE BAR OF TEXAS

STATE BAR OF TEXAS
P.O. Box 12487
Austin, Texas 78711

COUNSEL FOR APPELLEES

LINDA A. ACEVEDO
Chief Disciplinary Counsel
                                    1
LAURA BAYOUTH POPPS
Deputy Counsel for Administration

CYNTHIA CANFIELD HAMILTON
Senior Appellate Counsel
STATE BAR CARD NO. 00790419
Email: cynthia.hamilton@texasbar.com

State Bar of Texas
P.O. Box 12487
Austin, Texas 78711-2487
512.427.1350; 1.877.953.5535
Fax: 512.427.4167

                                       2
                                           TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                                                                              PAGE

NAMES OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL .............................................................................. 1

INDEX OF AUTHORITIES...............................................................................................5

STATEMENT OF THE CASE .........................................................................................10

SOLE ISSUE PRESENTED ............................................................................................11

        Did the district court correctly grant Appellees’ motion to dismiss for
        want of subject-matter jurisdiction because immunity barred
        Appellant’s claims and he lacked standing to bring them?

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ..................................................................................12

ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES .................................................................................13

I.      A de novo standard of review applies ...........................................................13

II.     The Chief Disciplinary Counsel has discretion to decide to present a
        complaint alleging attorney misconduct to a summary disposition
        panel with a recommendation for dismissal, and the disciplinary rules
        prohibit the disclosure of records associated with the complaint once
        the panel dismisses it .....................................................................................13

III.    Sovereign immunity bars Appellant’s claims................................................16

        A.       Appellees enjoy the protection of sovereign immunity ......................16

        B.       The UDJA does not waive Appellees’ sovereign immunity for
                 Appellant’s claims ...............................................................................18

        C.       The exceptions cited by Appellant do not apply because they do
                 not fit the real substance of his claims ................................................19

                 1.       Appellant does not challenge the validity of a statute .............. 20

                 2.       The ultra vires exception does not apply ..................................22
                                                         3
IV.      Statutory immunity bars Appellant’s claims .................................................24

V.       Appellant lacks standing to bring his claims in district court .......................26

         A.        The relief sought by Appellant would usurp the Supreme
                   Court’s authority to regulate the practice of law.................................27

         B.        Appellant’s claims are moot ................................................................30

PRAYER .....................................................................................................................31

CERTIFICATES OF COMPLIANCE AND SERVICE ..........................................................32

                                                              4
                                      INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
CASES                                                                                               PAGE

Bacon v. Tex. Historical Comm’n,
     411 S.W.3d 161 (Tex.App.—Austin 2013, no pet.) ..........................13, 17, 26

Bd of Disciplinary Appeals v. McFall,
      888 S.W.2d 471 (Tex. 1994) (orig. proceeding) (per curiam) .....................29

Bradt v. West,
      892 S.W.2d 56 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, writ denied) ............. 25

City of El Paso v. Heinrich,
       284 S.W.3d 366 (Tex. 2009) ...................................................................19, 24

Federal Sign v. Tex. Southern Univ.,
     951 S.W.2d 401 (Tex. 1997) .........................................................................16

Houston Mun. Employees Pension Sys. v. Ferrell,
     248 S.W.3d 151 (Tex. 2007) .........................................................................28

In re Caballero,
       272 S.W.3d 595 (Tex. 2008) ...................................................................14, 20

In re State Bar of Tex.,
       113 S.W.3d 730 (Tex. 2003) (orig. proceeding) ...........................................27

In re State Bar of Tex.,
       440 S.W.3d 621 (Tex. 2014) (orig. proceeding) ...........................................28

Laubach v. State Bar of Tex.,
     2000 WL1675701 (Tex.App.—Austin 2000, no pet.) (mem. op.) ................ 25

O’Quinn v. State Bar of Tex.,
     763 S.W.2d 397 (Tex. 1988) .........................................................................14

Reata Const. Corp. v. City of Dallas,
      197 S.W.3d 371 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam) ....................................................17

                                                    5
State Bar of Tex. v. Gomez,
       891 S.W.2d 243 (Tex. 1994) ............................................................. 13-14, 28

State Bar of Tex. v. Heard,
       603 S.W.2d 829 (Tex. 1980) (orig. proceeding) ...........................................27

State Bar of Tex. v. Jefferson,
       942 S.W.2d 575 (Tex. 1997) (orig. proceeding) ...........................................29

State v. Sewell,
       487 S.W.2d 716 (Tex. 1972) (orig. proceeding) ...........................................29

Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda,
      133 S.W.3d 217 (Tex. 2004) ...................................................................13, 17

Tex. Dep’t of Transportation v. Sefzik,
      355 S.W.3d 618 (Tex. 2011) (per curiam) ............................16, 18, 19, 21, 22

Tex. Parks & Wildlife Dep’t v. Sawyer Trust,
      354 S.W.3d 384 (Tex. 2011) .............................................................18, 19, 22

University Scholastic League v. Buchanan,
     848 S.W.2d 298 (Tex.App.—Austin 1993, no writ) .....................................30

Willie v. Comm’n for Lawyer Discipline,
       2011 WL 3064158 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, pet. denied)
       (mem. op.) ................................................................................................ 16-17

STATUTES AND RULES                                                                                              PAGE

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §37.002(a) ..............................................................18
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §37.006(b) ........................................................ 18-19

TEX. DISCIPLINARY RULES PROF’L CONDUCT, Preamble .........................................25

TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 81.011(a) ........................................................................16
TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 81.072(a) and (c)............................................................27
TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 81.072(b)(10) .................................................................23
TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 81.076(g)........................................................................17
                                                           6
TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 1.06G ....................................................................14
TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 1.06R ....................................................................14
TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 1.06S.....................................................................14
TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 15.09 ...............................................................25, 26
TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.10 .......................................................................14
TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.12 .......................................................................15
TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.13 ...........................................................15, 22, 30
TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.16 .................................................................15, 23
TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.17(J) ...................................................................15

                                                     7
                               No. 03-15-00007-CV
                                _______________

                           In the Court of Appeals
                           Third District of Texas
                               Austin, Texas
                                _______________

                                    JOHN DOE,
                                                          APPELLANT
                                        V.

       BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE STATE BAR OF TEXAS, COMMISSION
       FOR LAWYER DISCIPLINE, AND LINDA ACEVEDO, IN HER OFFICIAL
  CAPACITY AS THE CHIEF DISCIPLINARY COUNSEL OF THE STATE BAR OF TEXAS,
                                                   APPELLEES
                             _______________

                       Appealed from the 126th District Court
                             Of Travis County, Texas
                      Honorable Scott Jenkins, Judge Presiding
                                _______________

                              BRIEF OF APPELLEES

                          (ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED)
                                _______________

TO THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS:

      Appellees, the Board of Directors of the State Bar of Texas, the Commission

for Lawyer Discipline, and Linda Acevedo, in her official capacity as the Chief

Disciplinary Counsel of the State Bar of Texas, submit this Brief in response to the

brief filed by Appellant, John Doe.     For clarity, this brief refers to all three

                                         8
appellees as “Appellees” and refers to Appellant as “Appellant.”                  The brief

designates references to the clerk’s record as “CR” followed by the page number(s)

where the referenced material can be found in the clerk’s record. References to

rules are references to the Texas Rules of Disciplinary Procedure unless otherwise

noted. 1 References to Appellant’s brief are designated “Appellant’s Br.” followed

by the page number where the referenced material can be found in the brief.

1
    Reprinted in TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN., tit. 2, subtit. G. app. A-1 (West 2013).
                                              9
                           STATEMENT OF THE CASE

Type of Proceeding:     Action for declaratory relief under the Uniform
                        Declaratory Judgments Act, TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.
                        CODE § 37 (West 2013)

Plaintiff/Appellant:    John Doe

Defendants/Appellees:   The Board of Directors of the State Bar of Texas
                        The Commission for Lawyer Discipline
                        The Chief Disciplinary Counsel of the State Bar of Texas

Trial Judge:            The Honorable Scott Jenkins

Final Order:            Order Granting Motion to Dismiss: On October 8, 2014,
                        the Honorable Scott Jenkins granted Defendants’ motion
                        to dismiss for want of jurisdiction.

                                      10
                       SOLE ISSUE PRESENTED

Did the district court correctly grant Appellees’ motion to dismiss for
want of subject-matter jurisdiction because immunity barred
Appellant’s claims and he lacked standing to bring them?

                                  11
                            SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

      Sovereign immunity protects the State Bar of Texas, as well as its various

departments and committees, from suit. And Rule 15.09 of the Texas Rules of

Disciplinary Procedure takes immunity a step further by granting absolute and

unqualified immunity to the Chief Disciplinary Counsel, Commission for Lawyer

Discipline, and Board of Directors of the State Bar of Texas (among others) for

any conduct in the course of their official duties. The immunity granted by Rule

15.09 extends to all actions at law or in equity. It bars all of Appellant’s claims.

      Appellant’s claims also fail because of the prohibition against interference in

disciplinary proceedings. A district court cannot usurp the Texas Supreme Court’s

inherent and statutory authority to regulate the practice of law in Texas. The relief

that Appellant requested from the district court would interfere with the Supreme

Court’s authority because, in effect, it would require the district court to

promulgate a new rule regarding the confidentiality of disciplinary proceedings.

The Supreme Court has already promulgated a confidentiality rule, and its plain

language prohibits the relief sought by Appellant.

      Because Appellant’s claims cannot survive the broad protection provided by

immunity or the prohibition against interference with the Supreme Court’s

authority to regulate the practice of law, the district court properly dismissed his

claims for want of jurisdiction.

                                          12
                            ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES

I.    A de novo standard of review applies.

      Whether a district court has subject-matter jurisdiction is a question of law

that an appellate court reviews de novo.         Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v.

Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 226 (Tex. 2004). The ultimate inquiry is whether the

facts presented in the pleadings affirmatively demonstrate a claim that is within the

district court’s jurisdiction. Bacon v. Tex. Historical Comm’n, 411 S.W.3d 161,

171 (Tex.App.—Austin 2013, no pet.). If the inquiry involves the construction of

a statute (which an appellate court also reviews de novo), the primary objective is

to give effect to the statute’s plain language. Id.

II.   The Chief Disciplinary Counsel has discretion to decide to present a
      complaint alleging attorney misconduct to a summary disposition panel
      with a recommendation for dismissal, and the disciplinary rules
      prohibit the disclosure of records associated with the complaint once the
      panel dismisses it.

      Before a complaint alleging attorney misconduct may be litigated in an

administrative forum or a district court, it must first go through a screening process

at the agency level. This case focuses on actions taken during that preliminary

stage of the disciplinary process.

      The Texas Rules of Disciplinary Procedure, which the Texas Supreme Court

promulgated pursuant to its inherent and statutory authority to regulate the practice

of law, govern the administrative screening process. State Bar of Tex. v. Gomez,

                                          13
891 S.W.2d 243 (Tex. 1994). The disciplinary rules have the same force and effect

as statutes. In re Caballero, 272 S.W.3d 595, 599 (Tex. 2008); O’Quinn v. State

Bar of Tex., 763 S.W.2d 397, 399 (Tex. 1988).

        The disciplinary process generally begins with the filing of a grievance

against an attorney. 2 TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.10. Within thirty days

after a grievance is filed, the Office of the Chief Disciplinary Counsel (CDC) must

review it and make a threshold screening decision known as “classification.” Id.

Classification involves a determination by CDC to categorize each incoming

grievance as either (1) an “inquiry” that alleges conduct which does not constitute

professional misconduct or (2) a “complaint” that alleges conduct which does

constitute professional misconduct. TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.10, 1.06G,

1.06S. Grievances classified as inquiries are dismissed, but a grievance classified

as a complaint is sent to the respondent attorney with notice to provide a written

response to the allegations within thirty days. TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R.

2.10.

        Within sixty days after the deadline for a respondent attorney to provide a

written response to a grievance that has been classified as a complaint, CDC must

investigate the complaint and determine whether there is “just cause” to proceed.

2
 “‘Grievance’ means a written statement, from whatever source, apparently intended to
allege Professional Misconduct by a lawyer, or lawyer Disability, or both, received by the
Office of Chief Disciplinary Counsel.” TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 1.06R.
                                           14
TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.12. If CDC determines that there is no just

cause, the matter is placed on a dismissal docket for presentation to a summary

disposition panel of a grievance committee. TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.13.

CDC presents the complaint “together with any information, documents, evidence,

and argument deemed necessary and appropriate by [CDC]” without the presence

of either the complainant or the respondent. Id. A summary disposition panel may

vote to proceed despite CDC’s determination that just cause does not exist, or the

panel may dismiss the matter. Id. In either case, the panel’s decision cannot be

appealed. Id.

        Confidentiality is a prominent feature of the disciplinary process. Rule 2.16

provides:

        All members and staff of the Office of Chief Disciplinary Counsel,
        Board of Disciplinary Appeals, Committees, and Commission shall
        maintain as confidential all Disciplinary Proceedings and associated
        records . . . .

TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.16. The disciplinary rules provide for a number

of specific limited exceptions to confidentiality, but none allows the disclosure of

records associated with a complaint dismissed by a summary disposition panel.

See, e.g., Id.; TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.17(J). Most notably, disciplinary

judgments that find professional misconduct and impose public sanctions are

excepted from the confidentiality requirements. TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R.

2.16.
                                          15
       Despite Rule 2.16’s clear mandate regarding confidentiality, Appellant filed

suit in district court seeking a declaration that the Chief Disciplinary Counsel was

required to provide him with a copy of its recommendation to a summary

disposition panel that resulted in the dismissal of a complaint that he had filed

against an attorney (CR 78-85). Appellant asked the district court to declare that

he was entitled to receive a copy of the recommendation and to order Appellees to

provide a copy (CR 84-85). He also sought the recovery of attorney’s fees, costs,

and interest (CR 84-85).

III.   Sovereign immunity bars Appellant’s claims.

       A.    Appellees enjoy the protection of sovereign immunity.

       Sovereign immunity protects the State of Texas, its agencies, and its officials

from lawsuits, including suits for declaratory or injunctive relief, unless immunity

has been explicitly waived. Tex. Dep’t of Transportation v. Sefzik, 355 S.W.3d
618, 621-22 (Tex. 2011) (per curiam); Federal Sign v. Tex. Southern Univ., 951
S.W.2d 401, 405 (Tex. 1997). The State Bar is a government agency that is entitled

to the protection afforded by sovereign immunity. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. §

81.011(a) (West 2013) (describing State Bar as administrative agency of judicial

department of government).       As a standing committee of the State Bar, the

Commission is likewise protected by sovereign immunity. Willie v. Comm’n for

Lawyer Discipline, 2011 WL 3064158 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, pet.

                                          16
denied) (mem. op.). And as a government official, the Chief Disciplinary Counsel

is protected by sovereign immunity. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 81.076(g)

(West 2013) (authorizing Commission for Lawyer Discipline, with advice and

consent of State Bar Board of Directors, to select a Chief Disciplinary Counsel to

serve as administrator of the State Bar’s grievance procedure).

      Sovereign immunity includes both immunity from suit, which bars a lawsuit

unless the state has expressly consented to the suit, and immunity from liability,

which protects the state from judgments even where consent to sue has been

granted. Reata Const. Corp. v. City of Dallas, 197 S.W.3d 371, 374 (Tex. 2006)

(per curiam). Such protection exists because “[a] lack of immunity may hamper

governmental functions by requiring tax resources to be used for defending

lawsuits and paying judgments rather than using those resources for their intended

purposes.” Id. at 375. Sovereign immunity also helps preserve the separation of

powers that is a fundamental aspect of a tripartite government. Bacon, 411 S.W.3d

at 172-73.    Where sovereign immunity from suit bars a claim against a

governmental entity, such immunity deprives the trial court of subject-matter

jurisdiction over the claim. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 224.

      In his brief, Appellant acknowledges that because of sovereign immunity, he

cannot bring a claim against Appellees except as expressly permitted by a

legislative waiver of immunity. Appellant’s Br. 7. He also acknowledges that the

                                         17
Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act (UDJA) does not waive Appellees’ immunity.

Appellant’s Br. 7. Nonetheless, he argues that a district court has jurisdiction over

his claims because he is challenging (1) the validity of a statute and (2) ultra vires

acts by the Chief Disciplinary Counsel. Appellant’s Br. 7. Appellant’s argument

reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of these exceptions to sovereign

immunity.

      B.   The UDJA does not waive Appellees’ sovereign immunity for
      Appellant’s claims.

      There is no general right to sue a state agency for a declaration of rights.

Tex. Parks & Wildlife Dep’t v. Sawyer Trust, 354 S.W.3d 384, 388 (Tex. 2011).

And the UDJA creates no such right because it does not operate as a general

waiver of sovereign immunity. Id. The UDJA merely provides that “[a] court of

record within its jurisdiction has power to declare rights, status, and other legal

relations. . . .” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §37.002(a) (West 2013) (emphasis

added). It is nothing more than a procedural device that cannot enlarge a district

court’s jurisdiction to permit claims like those raised by Appellant. Sefzik, 355
S.W.3d at 621-22; Sawyer Trust, 354 S.W.3d at 388. Thus, “sovereign immunity

bars UDJA actions against the state and its political subdivisions absent a

legislative waiver.” Sefzik, 355 S.W.3d at 621. 3

3
 The UDJA expressly waives sovereign immunity for certain specified claims, such as a
declaratory action that challenges the validity of a municipal ordinance. TEX. CIV. PRAC.
                                           18
      Because no provision of the UDJA can provide a district court with

jurisdiction in this case, Appellant could bring a declaratory action against

Appellees only if the underlying claim is one for which immunity has been

expressly waived. Id. A court must examine the “‘the real substance’” of a claim

to determine whether it falls within the scope of a waiver. Sawyer Trust, 354
S.W.3d at 389.

      C.     The exceptions cited by Appellant do not apply because they do
      not fit the real substance of his claims.

      In Sefzik, the Supreme Court made it crystal clear that sovereign immunity

bars UDJA actions against the state unless the underlying claim is one for which

immunity has been waived in express and unambiguous language. For example,

“the state may be a proper party to a declaratory judgment action that challenges

the validity of a statute.” Sefzik, at 622. And immunity does not prohibit a UDJA

action to challenge ultra vires conduct by a government official. Id. at 621-22.

      To get around Sefzik’s clear proclamation that sovereign immunity bars

UDJA actions against the state absent a legislative waiver, Appellant

unsurprisingly relies on two exceptions to sovereign immunity that allow a plaintiff

to challenge (1) the validity of a statute and (2) ultra vires conduct by a state

official. But the truth is that his live pleadings asserted neither type of claim. His

& REM. CODE §37.006(b); City of El Paso v. Heinrich, 284 S.W.3d 366, 373 n.6 (Tex.
2009). Appellant has not identified any UDJA provision that even arguably waives
immunity in this case.
                                         19
conclusory assertions regarding the nature of his claims cannot stand up to

scrutiny.

              1.    Appellant does not challenge the validity of a statute.

       Appellant specifically asked the district court for declarations that (1) he is

entitled to receive a copy of the Chief Disciplinary Counsel’s recommendation to a

summary disposition panel prior to the presentation of the recommendation; (2) the

confidentiality provisions of Rule 2.16 do not apply to him and do not prohibit him

from receiving and Appellees providing a copy of the recommendation prior to its

presentation to a summary disposition panel; and (3) Linda Acevedo, in her

capacity as Chief Disciplinary Counsel, by and through her employee agents, acted

without legal authority in denying Appellant a copy of the recommendation.

Appellant also asked for an order requiring Appellees to provide a copy of the

recommendation to him, and he requested attorney’s fees, prejudgment and

postjudgment interest, and court costs (CR 84-85).

       Nowhere in Appellant’s live pleadings did he challenge the validity of any

statute.    The only statute he questioned was Rule 2.16.4             But rather than

challenging the validity of Rule 2.16, Appellant acknowledged its requirement that

Appellees maintain the confidentiality of all disciplinary proceedings (CR 81). He

did not attack the validity of the rule itself but, instead, challenged the application

4
  The disciplinary rules have the same force and effect as statutes. Caballero, 272 S.W.3d
at 599.
                                           20
of the rule to him as an individual who filed a complaint against an attorney. He

essentially argued that the Chief Disciplinary Counsel should have applied a

nonexistent exception to Rule 2.16.

      A challenge to the application of a statute is not a challenge to the validity of

a statute. Appellant has made no claim that Rule 2.16 is unconstitutional or

otherwise impermissible. He has simply asked for review of the Chief Disciplinary

Counsel’s application of Rule 2.16. Because of the bar established by sovereign

immunity, a district court could consider such a claim only if Appellant articulated

a valid ultra vires claim. And even if Appellant alleged a valid ultra vires claim

against the Chief Disciplinary Counsel, it would not save his claims against the

Commission for Lawyer Discipline and the Board of Directors of the State Bar

because governmental entities are not proper parties to a suit seeking declaratory

relief for ultra vires action. Sefzik, 355 S.W.3d at 621.

      In short, the real substance of Appellant’s claims leaves no room for an

argument that the district court had jurisdiction over the Commission for Lawyer

Discipline or the Board of Directors of the State Bar. Sovereign immunity barred

Appellant’s claims against both entities.       And his claims against the Chief

Disciplinary Counsel could survive sovereign immunity only if they are valid ultra

vires claims.

                                          21
               2.   The ultra vires exception does not apply.

       Sefzik explained the interplay between sovereign immunity and ultra vires

acts by government officials. 355 S.W.3d at 621. The Supreme Court held that the

ultra vires exception allows claims against a state official for nondiscretionary

acts, in his or her official capacity, that are not authorized by law. The exception

does not apply if the official’s acts were discretionary. Id.; Sawyer Trust, 354
S.W.3d at 395 (Jefferson, C.J., concurring).

      Appellant seeks to compel an affirmative act by a government official – the

provision of a report to him as a complainant.       For an affirmative act to be

nondiscretionary, the law must indisputably require it. But Appellant has not cited

any law that even arguably required the Chief Disciplinary Counsel to provide him

with a copy of her recommendation to the summary disposition panel, and indeed

none exists.

      In fact, neither Rule 2.13, which governs summary disposition, nor any other

provision of the disciplinary rules requires the Chief Disciplinary Counsel to even

prepare a written recommendation for submission to a summary disposition panel.

Instead, Rule 2.13 directs the Chief Disciplinary Counsel to present the complaint

“together with any information, documents, evidence, and argument deemed

necessary and appropriate by the Chief Disciplinary Counsel.”          TEX. RULES

DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.13 (emphasis added). This provision plainly grants the Chief

                                        22
Disciplinary Counsel almost unfettered discretion to determine what to submit to a

summary disposition panel, including discretion to determine whether to prepare

and submit a written recommendation.

         Moreover, another provision of the disciplinary rules explicitly disallows the

action Appellant seeks. As Appellant explicitly acknowledged in his pleadings

(CR 81), Rule 2.16 directs the Chief Disciplinary Counsel to maintain as

confidential all disciplinary proceedings and associated records. TEX. RULES

DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.16.         Aside from certain specified exceptions 5 to the

confidentiality mandate of Rule 2.16, its plain language clearly prohibits the Chief

Disciplinary Counsel from disclosing records associated with disciplinary

proceedings.

         In short, no provision of law requires the Chief Disciplinary Counsel to

provide a complainant with a copy of a recommendation to a summary disposition

panel.      And, in fact, the law not only provides broad discretion to the Chief

Disciplinary Counsel in relation to submissions to summary disposition panels but

also explicitly requires that all records associated with disciplinary proceedings

remain strictly confidential except as provided by limited exceptions that do not fit
5
  For example, an exception allows for the disclosure of certain documents, upon request,
after misconduct is found and a public sanction is imposed (Rule 2.16(A)(2)). And, as
noted by Appellant in his supplemental brief, an exception provides for complainants to
attend evidentiary hearings (TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 81.072(b)(10) (West 2013)). No
such exception directs the Chief Disciplinary Counsel to provide a copy of a summary
disposition recommendation to a complainant.

                                           23
the facts of this case. Under the circumstances, it cannot be argued that Appellant

sought the performance of an act that was purely ministerial. See Heinrich, 284
S.W.3d at 372 (holding that to come within ultra-vires exception, plaintiff “must

allege, and ultimately prove, that the officer acted without legal authority or failed

to perform a purely ministerial act”).

      The real substance of Appellant’s claims, then, is that he seeks the

amendment of Rule 2.16. His pleadings acknowledged the explicit prohibition

against the disclosure of the information that he wants disclosed without

questioning the provision’s validity.    In light of this prohibition, his conclusory

assertion that the Chief Disciplinary Counsel acted ultra vires in denying disclosure

is illogical. Instead of seeking to compel a ministerial act that the law requires, he

has sought to compel an act that is explicitly prohibited. Therefore, he did not

plead a valid ultra vires claim.

IV.   Statutory immunity bars Appellant’s claims.

      Rule 15.09 of the Texas Rules of Disciplinary Procedure supplements

sovereign immunity. It provides absolute and unqualified immunity to virtually

everyone officially involved in the disciplinary process:

      . . . All members of the Commission, the Chief Disciplinary Counsel
      (including Special Assistant disciplinary Counsel appointed by the
      Commission and attorneys employed on a contract basis by the Chief
      Disciplinary Counsel), all members of Committees, all members of
      the Board of Disciplinary Appeals, all members of the district
      Disability Committees, all officers and Directors of the State Bar, and
                                         24
      the staff members of the aforementioned entities are immune from suit
      for any conduct in the course of their official duties. The immunity is
      absolute and unqualified and extends to all actions at law or in equity.

TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 15.09.

      Much as the common law provides absolute immunity to judges and

prosecutors while engaged in judicial and prosecutorial functions, Rule 15.09

provides absolute immunity to a person performing an adjudicative or

prosecutorial function in the disciplinary system. See, e.g., Bradt v. West, 892
S.W.2d 56, 66-71 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, writ denied) (explaining

purpose and application of doctrines of absolute judicial immunity and absolute

prosecutorial immunity). An obvious purpose of the immunity provided by Rule

15.09 is to allow the participants in the disciplinary system to discharge their

official duties without fear of being sued. Although absolute immunity might

result in unfairness to an individual plaintiff, it is vital to the effective operation of

a disciplinary system that serves primarily to promote the public interest.

Preamble, TEX. DISCIPLINARY RULES PROF’L CONDUCT.

      Because immunity from suit under Rule 15.09 is absolute and unqualified

and extends to all actions at law or in equity, Appellees are immune from being

sued for their actions related to disciplinary proceedings regardless of the claim

asserted. TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 15.09; Laubach v. State Bar of Tex.,

2000 WL1675701 (Tex.App.—Austin 2000, no pet.) (mem. op.). And although

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Appellant argues that the immunity provided by Rule 15.09 is limited to suits

against Appellees in their individual capacities, the plain language of the rule says

otherwise as it specifies that they “are immune from suit for any conduct in the

course of their official duties.” TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 15.09

V.    Appellant lacks standing to bring his claims in district court.

      The district court correctly dismissed Appellant’s claims not only because of

immunity but also because he lacks standing to bring them. “The general test for

constitutional standing in Texas courts is whether there is a ‘real’ (i.e., justiciable)

controversy between the parties that will actually be determined by the judicial

declaration sought.” Bacon, 411 S.W.3d at 174 (citation omitted). For purposes

of standing, a claim must pass muster on three levels:

      (1) Injury in fact: The plaintiff must have suffered the invasion of a
          legally protected (cognizable) interest resulting in an injury that is
          both (a) concrete and particularized and (b) actual or imminent
          rather than conjectural or hypothetical;

      (2) Causal connection: The injury must be fairly traceable to the
          conduct of the defendant; and

      (3) Not merely speculative: It must be likely that the injury will be
          redressed by a favorable decision.

Id. at 175 (citations omitted).

      Appellant’s pleadings did not present a justiciable controversy because a

district court cannot infringe on the Supreme Court’s administrative authority to

regulate the practice of law. As a result, the district court lacked subject-matter
                                          26
jurisdiction to issue the orders that Appellant requested. Appellant’s claims are

also moot.

      A. The relief sought by Appellant would usurp the Supreme Court’s
         authority to regulate the practice of law.

      The Texas Constitution and the State Bar Act provide the Supreme Court

with authority to regulate the practice of law in Texas. In re State Bar of Tex., 113
S.W.3d 730, 732 (Tex. 2003) (orig. proceeding). From the Constitution, the Court

derives inherent regulatory authority that dictates a separation of powers and

implies the Court’s supervisory role in the regulation of the practice of law. Id.

From the State Bar Act, the Court derives statutory authority which gives it

“‘administrative control over the State Bar and provides a statutory mechanism for

promulgating regulations governing the practice of law.’”        Id. This statutory

authority includes explicit power to establish disciplinary procedures in furtherance

of the Court’s authority to supervise attorney conduct, as well as to prepare,

propose, and adopt rules that it deems necessary for disciplining attorneys. TEX.

GOV’T CODE ANN. § 81.072(a) and (c) (West 2013). The purpose of the State Bar

Act is to aid the Court’s inherent power to regulate the practice of law. State Bar

of Tex. v. Heard, 603 S.W.2d 829, 831 (Tex. 1980) (orig. proceeding).

       “[A] district court does not have authority to grant relief that would

unreasonably usurp the supervisory control vested exclusively in the [S]upreme

[C]ourt. . . . This prohibition includes the rendition of orders that would, as a
                                         27
practical matter, preempt [the Supreme] Court's authority.” Gomez, 891 S.W.2d at

244-45, 246 . Like the plaintiffs in Gomez, who asked a district court to force the

State Bar to implement a de facto rule requiring mandatory pro bono service,

Appellant seeks relief that would preempt the Supreme Court’s authority. The

declaratory judgment requested by Appellant would essentially rewrite the

confidentiality requirements established by the Court in Rule 2.16.

      That Appellant ostensibly sought declaratory relief does not transform his

claim into one that the district court had authority to grant. Appellant’s request is

untenable because he effectively seeks a change to Rule 2.16 and any change to the

disciplinary rules may be made only by the Supreme Court acting in its

administrative capacity. Id.; see also Houston Mun. Employees Pension Sys. v.

Ferrell, 248 S.W.3d 151 (Tex. 2007) (affirming district court’s grant of plea to the

jurisdiction because plaintiffs sought declaratory relief regarding their rights under

a pension plan but the statute governing the pension plan did not provide a right to

judicial review of the pension board’s administrative decisions regarding the plan).

      In short, a district court has no authority to interfere in disciplinary

proceedings at any stage of the disciplinary process. See, e.g., In re State Bar of

Tex., 440 S.W.3d 621 (Tex. 2014) (orig. proceeding) (granting mandamus relief

from district court’s order that directed the Commission to turn over investigative

records because “[a]n order that directly interferes with the Commission’s ability

                                         28
to collect and present evidence is as much a direct interference in the disciplinary

process as an order directed to a grievance panel itself”); State Bar of Tex. v.

Jefferson, 942 S.W.2d 575, 576 (Tex. 1997) (orig. proceeding) (granting

mandamus relief from district court’s order that enjoined proceedings during the

investigatory phase of the disciplinary process); Bd of Disciplinary Appeals v.

McFall, 888 S.W.2d 471, 472 (Tex. 1994) (orig. proceeding) (per curiam)

(granting mandamus relief from district court’s order enjoining a disciplinary

suspension ordered by the Board of Disciplinary Appeals because the disciplinary

rules “do not provide for interim equitable relief, and the district court did not have

the power to enjoin” the suspension); State v. Sewell, 487 S.W.2d 716 (Tex. 1972)

(orig. proceeding) (granting mandamus relief from district court’s order that

enjoined proceedings during the investigatory phase of the disciplinary process

because an injunction by a district court “is an interference with the grievance

procedures authorized by . . . the State Bar Act and constitutes a clear abuse of

discretion”).

      This prohibition operates to prevent a district court’s interference in the

disciplinary process regardless of whether the party seeking relief is a respondent

or a complainant. If Appellant wants a new rule which would require the Chief

Disciplinary Counsel to prepare written summary disposition recommendations

and provide copies of them to complainants, he must petition the Supreme Court to

                                          29
promulgate a rule in its administrative capacity. He cannot ask the district court to

effectively force the de facto promulgation of such a rule.

      B. Appellant’s claims are moot.

      Appellant’s claims are moot because a decision in his favor would be an

advisory opinion. The summary disposition panel dismissed his grievance, and he

cannot appeal the dismissal. TEX. RULES DISCIPLINARY P. R. 2.13. As a result, the

disciplinary proceedings initiated by his complaint have terminated. Although he

could theoretically file another grievance in the future, any resulting injury or

dispute is merely hypothetical at this point and cannot be redressed by a favorable

decision.

      Appellant urges this Court to overlook the mootness of his claims by

expanding the public interest exception to the mootness doctrine. However, the

facts of this case do not demonstrate the type of extraordinary circumstances that

would justify the expansion of the public interest exception. This is not a situation

like that presented in University Scholastic League v. Buchanan where an available

judicial remedy is rendered meaningless due to the inevitable passage of time in an

appeal. 848 S.W.2d 298 (Tex.App.—Austin 1993, no writ). It is a situation where

Appellant has failed to take advantage of the only available remedy – a petition to

the Supreme Court in its administrative capacity seeking the amendment of the

disciplinary rules.

                                         30
                                     PRAYER

      Because immunity bars Appellant’s claims and he has no standing to bring

them, Appellees respectfully pray that this Court affirm the Order Granting Motion

to Dismiss in all respects.

                                     RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED:

                                     LINDA A. ACEVEDO
                                     CHIEF DISCIPLINARY COUNSEL

                                     LAURA BAYOUTH POPPS
                                     DEPUTY COUNSEL FOR ADMINISTRATION

                                     CYNTHIA CANFIELD HAMILTON
                                     SENIOR APPELLATE COUNSEL

                                     OFFICE OF THE CHIEF DISCIPLINARY
                                     COUNSEL
                                     P.O. BOX 12487
                                     AUSTIN, TEXAS 78711-2487
                                     512.427.1350; 1.877.953.5535
                                     FAX: 512.427.4167

                                     /s/ Cynthia Canfield Hamilton
                                     CYNTHIA CANFIELD HAMILTON
                                     SENIOR APPELLATE COUNSEL
                                     STATE BAR OF TEXAS
                                     STATE BAR CARD NO. 00790419
                                     ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES

                                       31
                           CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

Pursuant to the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, the enclosed Brief of
Appellees contains approximately 5,701 words, which is less than the total words
permitted by the TRAPs. Counsel relies on the word count of the computer
program used to prepare this Brief.

                                      /s/ Cynthia Canfield Hamilton
                                      CYNTHIA CANFIELD HAMILTON
                                      SENIOR APPELLATE COUNSEL
                                      STATE BAR OF TEXAS

                             CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

This is to certify that the above and foregoing Brief of the Board of Directors of
the State Bar of Texas, Commission for Lawyer Discipline, and Linda Acevedo, in
her capacity as the Chief Disciplinary Counsel of the State Bar of Texas, has been
served on Appellant, John Doe, by and through his attorneys of record, Mr. Gaines
West, Ms. Jennifer Jasper, and Mr. Rob George, West Webb, Allbritton & Gentry,
by electronic service through this Court’s electronic filing service provider on the
11th day of May 2015.

                                      /s/ Cynthia Canfield Hamilton
                                      CYNTHIA CANFIELD HAMILTON
                                      SENIOR APPELLATE COUNSEL
                                      STATE BAR OF TEXAS

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