Court Opinion

ID: 4425605
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-14 20:00:32.215863+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:27:50.097538
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       AUG 14 2019
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JAMES HENRY GREEN,                              No.    16-15903

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                3:14-cv-00245-RCJ-VPC
 v.

ROMEO ARANAS; et al.,                           MEMORANDUM*

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Nevada
                   Robert Clive Jones, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted February 6, 2019
                               Pasadena, California

Before: GOULD and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges, and MARBLEY,** District
Judge.

      James Henry Green, a state prisoner, appeals the denial of his in forma

pauperis (“IFP”) status under the Prison Litigation Reform Act’s (“PLRA”) three

strikes provision, 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
            The Honorable Algenon L. Marbley, United States District Judge for
the Southern District of Ohio, sitting by designation.
§ 1291. Reviewing interpretations of § 1915(g) de novo, see Andrews v. King, 398

F.3d 1113, 1118 (9th Cir. 2005), we reverse and remand.

      Pursuant to § 1915(g), a prisoner who has suffered three “strikes”—that is,

had at least three prior actions dismissed on the ground that the action was

frivolous, malicious, or failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted—

is no longer permitted to file an action in forma pauperis unless the prisoner is in

imminent danger of serious physical injury. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Partial

dismissals for a non-enumerated reason will save an entire suit from counting as a

strike. See Washington v. L.A. Cty. Sheriff’s Dep’t, 833 F.3d 1048, 1057 (9th Cir.

2016).

      Green concedes that he has two prior strikes.1 He argues, however, that

Green v. Cox, No. 3:09-cv-206 (D. Nev. Oct 21, 2011) and Green v. Baker, No.

14-cv-261 (D. Nev. Feb. 10, 2015) (“Baker I”) do not qualify as strikes. In Cox,

one of Green’s claims was resolved at summary judgment, and the district court

did not state that the claim was frivolous, malicious, or failed to state a claim. The

dismissal was therefore not a strike. See El-Shaddai v. Zamora, 833 F.3d 1036,

1044 n.4 (9th Cir. 2016) (noting that only a rare summary judgment order that

1
 Those cases are (1) Cox, Green v. Dooley, No. 11-17720 (9th Cir. Mar. 14, 2012);
and (2) Green v. Baker, No. 15-15479 (9th Cir. Jun. 10 & 14, 2015).

                                          2
explicitly finds the case is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim could count

as a strike).

       In Baker I, the district court dismissed Green’s case because there was a

parallel state court action. Abstention dismissals under Colorado River Water

Conservation District v. United States, 424 U.S. 800, 813–14, 817–19 (1976) are

more analogous to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) dismissals for lack of

subject matter jurisdiction than for Rule 12(b)(6) dismissals for failure to state a

claim. Cf. Washington, 833 F.3d at 1058 (recognizing that a type of abstention

dismissal is similar to a dismissal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction under Rule

12(b)(1)). Rule 12(b)(1) dismissals do not give rise to strikes. See id.; Moore v.

Maricopa Cty. Sheriff’s Office, 657 F.3d 890, 893–94 (9th Cir. 2011). A dismissal

based on abstention also does not equate to frivolity or maliciousness. Thus, Baker

I does not qualify as a prior strike.

       Because we find that Green has accrued only two prior strikes, we need not

address whether this suit would qualify under the exception to the three strikes rule

due to imminent danger of physical injury. Therefore, Green may proceed in this

suit with IFP status as long as he is otherwise entitled to the status.

       REVERSED AND REMANDED.

                                           3