Court Opinion

ID: 2683606
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-07-15 05:01:09.721691+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:28:43.113119
License: Public Domain

Case: 13-60345   Document: 00512689868    Page: 1   Date Filed: 07/08/2014

        IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                 FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

                               No. 13-60345                     United States Court of Appeals
                             Summary Calendar                            Fifth Circuit

                                                                       FILED
                                                                    July 8, 2014
                              Cons w/13-60449                     Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                       Clerk
BETTY SMITH HEARN,

                                          Plaintiff–Appellant
v.

BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF HINDS COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI;
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS OF HINDS COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI;
CARL FRELIX, in his individual capacity and official capacity as
Director/Road Manager of the department of Public Works of Hinds County,
Mississippi; DOUGLAS ANDERSON, in his individual capacity and official
capacity as a member of the Board of Supervisors of Hinds County, Mississippi;
PEGGY HOBSON CALHOUN, in her individual capacity and official capacity
as a member of the Board of Supervisors of Hinds County, Mississippi; PHIL
FISHER, in his individual capacity and official capacity as a member of the
Board of Supervisors of Hinds County, Mississippi; ROBERT GRAHAM, in his
individual capacity and official capacity as a member of the Board of
Supervisors of Hinds County, Mississippi; GEORGE SMITH, in his individual
capacity and official capacity as a member of the Board of Supervisors of Hinds
County, Mississippi,

                                          Defendants–Appellees

                              Cons w/13-60508

BETTY SMITH HEARN,

                                          Plaintiff–Appellant

v.

BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF HINDS COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI;
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS OF HINDS COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI;
     Case: 13-60345      Document: 00512689868         Page: 2    Date Filed: 07/08/2014

                         No. 13-60345
                    c/w 13-60449; 13-60508
ZURICH INSURANCE NORTH AMERICA; CRYSTAL MARTIN; DOUGLAS
ANDERSON; GEORGE SMITH; KENNETH STOKES; PEGGY HOBSON
CALHOUN; PHIL FISHER; ROBERT GRAHAM; CARL FRELIX; JOHN
DOES; JOHN/JANE DOE LAWYERS; AMERICAN GUARANTEE &
LIABILITY INSURANCE COMPANY,

                                                 Defendants–Appellees

                  Appeals from the United States District Court
                     for the Southern District of Mississippi
                             USDC No. 3:11-CV-662

Before REAVLEY, JONES, and PRADO, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
       The underlying land dispute in this appeal is whether Smith Drive is a
county road or a private driveway. Smith Drive is a short road that abuts
Plaintiff–Appellant Betty Smith Hearn’s (“Hearn”) apartment building, in
Hinds County, Mississippi. Proceeding pro se, Hearn sued various Hinds
County officials and departments (collectively “Appellees”) raising an
assortment of tort and property claims, under Mississippi law, in essence
asserting that she is the owner of the corner of Smith Drive under dispute. In
dismissing Hearn’s complaint, the district court noted that this land dispute
between diverse citizens from different states “should have been a simple
matter,” but “it turned into a mess” because “the parties have created a
complicated docket with numerous supplemental submissions and redundant
filings that often address issues found in unrelated motions.” This “mess” is
no longer confined to the district court; it has spilled over into a litany of

       * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
CIR. R. 47.5.4.

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                                No. 13-60345
                           c/w 13-60449; 13-60508
motions before this Court on appeal. We have reviewed the record in this case.
We affirm the district court and deny all pending motions.
                               I.   BACKGROUND
      Hearn owns an apartment building in Raymond, Mississippi within
Hinds County. 1 Hearn inherited the apartment building from her parents
Bobbie and Hubert Smith, Sr. in 2000 (the “Smiths”).                   Hearn’s parents
acquired the property in 1965. The apartment building is named after the
Smiths and is known as the “Smith Apartments.”
      The entrance to Smith Apartments is a driveway that extends from the
nearby thoroughfare, Port Gibson Street, and the driveway dead-ends into the
Smith Apartments’ parking lot. Initially, this driveway was covered with
gravel. Later, to obtain a sewer permit from the County, the Smiths agreed to
pave the driveway at their own expense. Hinds County installed a street sign
at the corner of the now-paved driveway and Port Gibson Street with two street
nameplates. One says “Port Gibson Street,” and the other says “Smith Drive.”
      The dispute in this case is whether Smith Drive is a county road or a
private driveway. In 2003, a residential day care opened on the other side of
Smith Drive across from Smith Apartments. In order to access the residential
day care from the main thoroughfare, Port Gibson Street, a car must use Smith
Drive. In 2004, Hearn started to renovate the Smith Apartments. As part of
the construction project, Hearn installed a construction fence along the border
of what she contends is the property line. Believing Smith Road to be her
property, Hearn instructed the fence contractor to fence in part of Smith Road.

      1 The following factual background is drawn from Hearn’s first amended complaint.
Because Hearn is proceeding pro se, we construe her pleadings liberally; however, she still
“must abide by the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure.” United States v. Wilkes, 20 F.3d
651, 653 (5th Cir. 1994).
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                                No. 13-60345
                           c/w 13-60449; 13-60508
      Hearn’s neighbor, the owner of the residential day care, asked the Hinds
County deputies to stop the construction of the fence. Hearn alleges that the
Hinds County Sherriff’s Department threatened Hearn with arrest for
attempting to block a “County road.” Hearn alleges she constructed the fence
at a different location, but Hinds County personnel returned and removed the
fence anyway.
      Additionally, around 2009, Hearn attempted to expand the Smith
Apartments parking lot onto the disputed corner of Smith Drive, by painting
spaces and installing parking stops. Hinds County deputies told the residents
to move their cars, and the deputies removed the parking stops.
      Hearn sued in federal court asserting diversity jurisdiction because she
resides in Florida and only occasionally visits Smith Apartments in
Mississippi. The district court struggled to make sense of Hearn’s and the
Appellees’ various filings. Ultimately, the court construed Hearn’s complaint
to assert several tort claims and property claims against Hinds County’s Board
of Supervisors and Department of Public Works and its officials under
Mississippi law. 2 The court dismissed Hearn’s tort claims against the Hinds
County officials, the Hinds County Board of Supervisors, and the Hinds County
Public Works as barred by the Mississippi Tort Claims Act. The court also
found, in the alternative, that the statute of limitations had expired on Hearn’s
state law tort claims because she did not file suit within one year of the 2004
fence incident and the 2009 parking lot incident.
      The district court construed Hearn’s first amended complaint liberally to
contain a sufficiently stated state law property claim—although brought
against the wrong party.        Accordingly, the district court dismissed these

      2  The court noted the complaint was “long on legal jargon but is otherwise vague,”
leaving the court and the defendants “to guess at the true nature of her claims.”
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                                No. 13-60345
                           c/w 13-60449; 13-60508
claims, but granted Hearn leave to amend. The court also helpfully told Hearn
to substitute the proper party (which it named)—Hinds County, Mississippi—
for the current defendants. The court instructed Hearn “to file a renewed
motion to amend within fourteen days that attaches a proposed second
amended complaint naming the proper party and raising state-law property
claims.”
      Hearn did not accept the court’s invitation to amend her complaint
within the prescribed time period. Instead, after the time to amend had lapsed,
Hearn filed a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (“Rule”) 59(e) motion for
reconsideration and a notice of appeal. The district denied the motion for
reconsideration, but granted Hearn an additional 14 days leave to amend her
complaint. Again, Hearn declined to amend her complaint and instead filed a
Rule 60(b) motion for relief from judgment and another notice of appeal. The
court granted Hearn another 14 days leave to amend, but this time, it warned
“[f]ailure to do so within 14 days of entry of this Order will result in dismissal
of the case without further notice.”
      After this third opportunity to amend and the court’s final warning,
Hearn filed another motion for relief of the judgment and did not file an
amended complaint within the prescribed time period.            Accordingly, the
Appellees moved to dismiss the complaint with prejudice under Rule 41(b), and
the district court dismissed the case with prejudice. Hearn timely appealed,
on several occasions.
                             II.   DISCUSSION
      On appeal, Hearn challenges the district court’s decision dismissing her
complaint for failure to state a claim, with leave to amend, and its decision
dismissing her case for failure to prosecute when she did not amend her

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                               No. 13-60345
                          c/w 13-60449; 13-60508
complaint after repeated warnings. 3 This Court has jurisdiction to review the
district court’s final judgment. 28 U.S.C. § 1291.                 The district court had
diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332.                     We apply Mississippi
substantive law and federal procedural law to the state law claims. See Erie
R.R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64, 78 (1938).
        “We review a district court’s dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) de novo,
‘accepting all well-pleaded facts as true and viewing those facts in the light
most favorable to the plaintiffs.’” Doe ex rel. Magee v. Covington Cnty. Sch.
Dist. ex rel. Keys, 675 F.3d 849, 854 (5th Cir. 2012) (en banc) (citation omitted).
“To survive dismissal pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), plaintiffs must plead ‘enough
facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Id. (citing Bell Atl.
Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)).
       We review a district court’s Rule 41(b) “dismissal with prejudice for
failure to prosecute for abuse of discretion.” Berry v. CIGNA/RSI–CIGNA, 975
F.2d 1189, 1191 (5th Cir. 1992). Because a dismissal with prejudice “is an
extreme sanction that deprives a litigant of the opportunity to pursue his
claim,” we affirm a dismissal with prejudice “only if: (1) there is a clear record
of delay or contumacious conduct by the plaintiff, and (2) lesser sanctions
would not serve the best interests of justice.” Coleman v. Sweetin, 745 F.3d
756, 765 (5th Cir. 2014) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)).

       3 We do not consider Hearn’s arguments that the district court’s ruling was erroneous
under the Mississippi Constitution and the U.S. Constitution, because those arguments were
not properly raised before the district court. See AG Acceptance Corp. v. Veigel, 564 F.3d 695,
700 (5th Cir. 2009) (“[A]rguments not raised before the district court are waived and will not
be considered on appeal unless the party can demonstrate ‘extraordinary circumstances.’”).
To the extent Hearn intends to assert other arguments on appeal, those arguments are
deemed abandoned as inadequately briefed. See Cinel v. Connick, 15 F.3d 1338, 1345 (5th
Cir. 1994) (“A party who inadequately briefs an issue is considered to have abandoned the
claim.”); Price v. Digital Equip. Corp., 846 F.2d 1026, 1028 (5th Cir. 1988) (“Although we
liberally construe the briefs of pro se appellants, we must also require that arguments must
be briefed to be preserved.”).
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                                 No. 13-60345
                            c/w 13-60449; 13-60508
      Here, the district court did not err in dismissing Hearn’s tort claims as
barred by either the statute of limitations or the Mississippi Tort Claims Act,
and did not abuse its discretion in dismissing Hearn’s remaining claims with
prejudice. The Mississippi Tort Claims Act is a limited waiver of the state’s
sovereign immunity for certain torts committed by government entities and
their employees. See Dancy v. E. Miss. State Hosp, 944 So. 2d 10, 15 (Miss.
2001).   As such, the Tort Claims Act is the “exclusive remedy against a
governmental entity and its employees.” Estate of Williams ex rel. Williams v.
City of Jackson, 844 So. 2d 1161, 1164 (Miss. 2003). We construe this waiver
“in favor of limiting liability.” Urban Developers LLC v. City of Jackson, Miss.,
468 F.3d 281, 306 (5th Cir. 2006) (quoting In re Foust, 310 F.3d 849, 865 (5th
Cir. 2002)).
      In light of Mississippi law, the district court properly concluded that the
complaint failed to allege the County’s employees were acting outside the scope
of their employment. See Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-7(2), (7) (prohibiting liability
for employees acting “within the course and scope” of employment and
establishing a “rebuttable presumption” that a given act is within that scope).
Further, the district court correctly concluded Hinds County is the proper
party, not its related departments—the Board of Supervisors or the
Department of Public Works. See Brown v. Thompson, 927 So. 2d 733, 738
(Miss. 2006) (“The proper governmental entity to name as defendant in this
suit is Bolivar County, not the Bolivar County Sheriff's Department”). Finally,
the district court properly concluded Hearn’s tort claims were untimely under
the Tort Claims Act’s one-year statute of limitations, as the events occurred in
2004 and 2009, and Hearn did not file suit until 2011. See Miss. Code. Ann.
§ 11-46-11(3)(a) (“All actions brought under this chapter shall be commenced
within one (1) year next after the date of the tortious, wrongful or otherwise

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                               No. 13-60345
                          c/w 13-60449; 13-60508
actionable conduct on which the liability phase of the action is based . . . .”).
Therefore, the district court did not err in dismissing Hearn’s tort claims with
prejudice and property claims with leave to amend.
      Further, the district court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing
Hearn’s action—including her potentially meritorious property claims—with
prejudice for failure to prosecute.     The record before the district court
establishes a “clear record of delay or contumacious conduct by the plaintiff.”
See Coleman, 745 F.3d at 766. Hearn filed more than 50 separate motions,
most of which were not truly motions, but instead rehashed or supplemented
arguments that she previously made in prior motions. The district court noted
that it had little opportunity to resolve the issues in the case “because the
briefing never ends,” and ultimately, it had to issue a “cease-fire order.” Even
during the “cease-fire,” Hearn did not comply with the district court and
continued to file motions. Moreover, when the district court granted Hearn
three opportunities to amend her complaint and specifically instructed her how
to do so, she instead filed more motions and multiple notices of appeal. Finally,
the district court specifically admonished Hearn, in its last order granting her
leave to amend, that her failure to file an amended complaint would result in
dismissal with prejudice. Accordingly, the district court did not abuse its
discretion in concluding “lesser sanctions would not serve the best interests of
justice.” See Coleman, 745 F.3d at 766. Thus, the district court did not abuse
its discretion by dismissing Hearn’s case with prejudice for failure to prosecute
under Rule 41(b).
                          III.   CONCLUSION
      For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the district court’s dismissal.

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    Case: 13-60345    Document: 00512689868     Page: 9   Date Filed: 07/08/2014

                           No. 13-60345
                      c/w 13-60449; 13-60508
      IT IS ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion for concurrence with appeal
by right, permission or statement of any objections to proceed with appeal 13-
60345 in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit is DENIED.
      IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion to stay District
Court proceedings is DENIED.
      IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion to amend reply
brief, in appeals 13-60449 and 13-60508, is DENIED.
      IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion for court ordered
withdrawal of appearance of Scherrie Lonnette Prince and the striking or
setting aside of her influences is DENIED.
      IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion for sanctions
against Scherrie Lonnette Prince for related added costs and delays, in appeals
13-60449 and 13-60508, is DENIED.
      IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion, for court ordered
investigation pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure and 5th Circuit
Rule 46 is DENIED.
      IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion for sanctions and
added costs against Roy A. Smith, Jr. and Sandra Buchannan is DENIED.
      IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion for the handling
of motions is DENIED.
      IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion to refer motion
for court ordered withdrawal of appearance of Scherrie Lonnette Prince, the
striking or setting aside of her influences and sanctions for related added costs
and delays, to a panel of judges is DENIED.
      IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion to substitute
Douglas Anderson, Phil Fisher, and George Smith with Darrel McQuirter,

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   Case: 13-60345    Document: 00512689868    Page: 10   Date Filed: 07/08/2014

                              No. 13-60345
                         c/w 13-60449; 13-60508
Tony Greer and Kenneth Stokes and to change the capacity for Robert Graham
and Phil Fisher to only their official person capacity is DENIED.
      IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT appellant’s motion for sanctions
against Scherrie L. Prince, Sandra Buchannan and Roy A. Smith, Jr. is
DENIED.

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