Court Opinion

ID: 4323857
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-10-24 15:09:54.779271+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:19:44.400252
License: Public Domain

Third District Court of Appeal
                               State of Florida

                         Opinion filed October 24, 2018.
         Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                               ________________

                                No. 3D18-112
                         Lower Tribunal No. 12-23112
                             ________________

                   Luis Antonio Nieto Villamizar, etc.,
                                    Appellant,

                                        vs.

                Luna Capital Partners, LLC, etc., et al.,
                                   Appellees.

      An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Jorge E. Cueto,
Judge.

      Phillip T. Crenshaw (West Palm Beach); Glass Law Office and Lisa Paige
Glass (Boca Raton), for appellant.

      Hinshaw & Culbertson and John C. Lukacs and Maureen G. Pearcy, for
appellees.

Before ROTHENBERG, C.J., and SALTER, and LOGUE, JJ.

     SALTER, J.
      Judgment creditor Luis Antonio Nieto Villamizar (“Mr. Nieto”) appeals a

final summary judgment entered against him and in favor of four entities

impleaded by Mr. Nieto in proceedings supplementary. Mr. Nieto impleaded the

entities as the purchaser of, and recipients of sales proceeds produced by, the

judgment debtor’s property sold before Mr. Nieto’s judgment against the judgment

debtor was entered.

Based on the analysis which follows, we affirm the final judgment.

      Lis Pendens, Sale, and Judgment

      Mr. Nieto commenced a lawsuit in 2012 to enforce a series of eight

unsecured promissory notes against Luna Developments Group, LLC (“Luna

Developments”), and Bal Harbour Quarzo, LLC (“Bal Harbour Quarzo”),

defendants (and, ultimately, judgment debtors).1 Initially, Mr. Nieto’s complaint to

enforce the notes included equitable lien claims allegedly encumbering (1) 145

Broward County condominium units (in four buildings) owned by Luna

Developments, and (2) a hotel and two apartment buildings in Miami-Dade County

owned by Bal Harbour Quarzo.            Mr. Nieto filed and recorded notices of lis

pendens over all of those properties.

1 Mr. Nieto held two of the notes individually. He held a power of attorney from
family members who were the payees on the other six notes. Collectively the notes
exceeded $1,000,000.00. See Villamizar v. Luna Dev. Grp., LLC, 202 So. 3d 905
(Fla. 3d DCA 2016).

                                         2
      The trial court granted a motion to dismiss the equitable liens and to

discharge the notices of lis pendens. Mr. Nieto did not seek review of the non-final

order discharging the recorded notices of lis pendens.2         The third amended

complaint included eight counts for collection of the eight individual promissory

notes; it did not seek enforcement against any of the properties of Luna

Developments or Bal Harbor Quarzo.

      Following a non-jury trial, Mr. Nieto obtained judgments on two of the eight

notes against Luna Developments, but the trial court dismissed the six counts

involving the other six promissory notes. Mr. Nieto successfully appealed the

dismissal, and the case returned to the trial court in 2016; Villamizar, cited in note

1 above.

      After a non-jury trial in January 2017, Mr. Nieto obtained six amended final

judgments against Bal Harbour Quarzo (three of the promissory notes) and Luna

Developments (three of the remaining notes). The judgments against Bal Harbour

Quarzo were satisfied in July 2017 from proceeds of the sale of property owned by

2   The consensus among Florida appellate courts is that orders granting or
discharging recorded notices of lis pendens, and orders relating to the bonds posted
in connection with such notices, are more appropriately reviewed via certiorari
rather than as injunction-like non-final orders appealable under Florida Rule of
Appellate Procedure 9.130(a)(3)(B). Bankers Lending Servs., Inc. v. Regents Park
Inv., LLC, 225 So. 3d 884, 885 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017). Our own decisions on the
point, however, “did not abrogate prior decisions of this Court concluding that we
have appellate jurisdiction to review such non-final orders under Florida Rule of
Appellate Procedure 9.130(a)(3)(B).” Rodriguez v. Guerra, 43 Fla. L. Weekly
D900, n.1 (Fla. 3d DCA Apr. 25, 2018).

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that entity, leaving uncollected judgments of approximately $1.2 million against

Luna Developments.

      Proceedings Supplementary

      In May 2017, based on documents obtained in efforts to execute on the

judgments against Luna Developments, Mr. Nieto filed his complaint in

proceedings supplementary against the four appellees: Luna Capital Partners, LLC

(“Luna Capital”),3 Silverpeak Real Estate Finance, LLC (“Silverpeak”), SPREF

WH II, LLC (“SPREF”), and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee

(“Wilmington Trust”).4

      Luna Capital purchased 145 condominium units from Luna Developments

Group for $13,175,000.00 on July 9, 2015 (during the pendency of Mr. Nieto’s

lawsuit on the unsecured promissory notes, but before trial was concluded and

judgments were entered on any of the notes). Silverpeak held a July 9, 2015,

mortgage and other collateral regarding the condominium units purchased by Luna

Capital. SPREF allegedly received an assignment of the Silverpeak mortgage and

collateral in December 2015.    Finally, Wilmington Trust, Trustee, received a

3  Luna Developments (the judgment debtor/seller) and Luna Capital (buyer,
impleaded defendant, and appellee) are not related entities or under common
control. They share “Luna” in their respective company names because the
condominium properties at issue in the case are within four phases of “Luna at
Hollywood Condominium.”
4 Wilmington Trust served as Trustee of the COMM 2015-CCRE25 Mortgage
Trust Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates.

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further assignment from SPREF of the same mortgage and collateral that were

initially granted by Luna Capital in its July 2015 purchase.

      Mr. Nieto’s 2017 complaint in proceedings supplementary alleged that the

July 2015 sale by Luna Developments—which, according to the record, had no

relationship to Luna Capital other than the relationship of buyer and seller—was a

“unique and fraudulent process to avoid obligations,” accomplishing the

conveyance of Luna Developments’ only remaining assets to Luna Capital and the

application of any net proceeds of sale to creditors other than Mr. Nieto (though

Mr. Nieto was not then a judgment creditor).      The four impleaded supplemental

defendants, appellees here, moved for final summary judgment on the basis of their

affirmative defenses that the 2015 sale was in good faith and for reasonably

equivalent value.

      The trial court granted the impleaded defendants’ motion, entered final

summary judgment, and this appeal followed.

      Analysis

      We review the final summary judgment de novo.             Volusia County v.

Aberdeen at Ormond Beach, L.P., 760 So. 2d 126, 130 (Fla. 2000). We consider

whether the pleadings and summary judgment evidence before the trial court

establish that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving

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party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Id. at 131; Fla. R. Civ. P.

1.510(c).

         Mr. Nieto argues here that two genuine issues of material fact precluded the

entry of summary judgment.         First, he contends that the 2015 sale by Luna

Developments to Luna Capital “was permeated with indications that third parties

(including Nieto) had an interest in the [145 condominium units], and that these

indications gave rise to a duty for [Luna Capital] to inquire and to an imputation of

implied actual notice of what that inquiry would have revealed—dozens of claims

and judgments totaling tens of millions of dollars in liabilities.”

         Second, Mr. Nieto maintains that Luna Capital did not purchase the

properties from Luna Developments for reasonably equivalent value “because, in

comparing the original sale in 2006 to the current sale in 2015, even with inflation

of approximately 1.64% per year, [Luna Capital] paid approximately 11% less per

unit in 2015 than [Luna Developments] paid in 2006, and thus the prices are too

close to constitute an arms-length transaction and to be for reasonably equivalent

value.”

         Mr. Nieto also argues that he was not permitted to complete outstanding

discovery, such that “the trial court should have denied the Motion for Summary

Judgment as not being ripe for adjudication.” We address these arguments in

order.

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      “Imputation of Implied Actual Notice”

      The fact that a purchaser unrelated to the seller is aware that the seller owes

money to others is not the harbinger of an impending fraud. Sellers of property

often sell so that they can pay some or all of their creditors. Luna Capital’s

awareness that Mr. Nieto was suing the seller, Luna Developments, on unsecured

indebtedness that had not yet been reduced to judgment, did not create a legal duty

on Luna Capital’s part. This is so because there is nothing in this record to suggest

that Luna Capital was partially or totally controlled by Luna Developments at the

time of the sale, or that these entities were under common control, or that they

were anything other than a buyer and seller dealing at arm’s length.

      Proceedings supplementary allow the judgment creditor to seek execution on

“any property of the judgment debtor not exempt from execution in the hands of

any person,” or “any property, debt, or other obligation due to the judgment debtor

which may be applied toward the satisfaction of the judgment.” § 56.29(1), Fla.

Stat. (2017). When Mr. Nieto filed his “Complaint in Proceedings Supplementary”

in May 2017, the 145 condominium units sold by Luna Developments in July 2015

were not “in the hands of” Luna Developments. Nor did Luna Capital, on this

record, hold any property of Luna Developments or owe any money to Luna

Developments that might be applied toward the satisfaction of Mr. Nieto’s

judgments.

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      Luna Capital’s alleged knowledge of Luna Development’s debts did not

impose a legal duty on Luna Capital’s part to assure that specific unsecured

creditors of Luna Development were paid. Luna Capital naturally assured that all

liens against the condominium units were paid from the proceeds and satisfied of

record, but payment of an unsecured claim in a lawsuit pending trial is not such a

matter.5

      Mr. Nieto’s counsel and expert witness (a real estate transactional attorney)

filed affidavits regarding Luna Developments’ “Owner’s Affidavit” and Luna

Capital’s duties in connection with the July 2015 closing. Mr. Nieto’s expert

witness affidavit correctly recited that Luna Developments’ written representations

included notice of “suits, actions or proceedings...with respect to the Real

Property,” as well as “judgments, claims, disputes, demands, or other matters

pending against [Luna Developments] that could attach to the Property.”

      But Mr. Nieto’s claims were on unsecured promissory notes and (following

dismissal of the equitable lien claims) did not assert claims against the

condominium units sold to Luna Capital. The expert’s review of title documents

argues that the notices of lis pendens (“even if subsequently discharged”)6 should
5 Mr. Nieto may consider the rights of unsecured creditors in bankruptcy to avoid

“preferences,” 11 U.S.C. § 547, to be equally available under the fraudulent
transfer and “proceedings supplementary” statutes. While both theories of
recovery may be in a creditor’s toolbox, they involve separate elements of proof,
are governed by different procedural requirements, and (in the case of preference
claims) are determined in the United States Bankruptcy Courts.

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have led Luna Capital to discover the promissory note lawsuit, “which, if

successful, would have meant a judgment that would become a lien on the property

of Defendant, Luna Developments.” This is no more true for the promissory note

lawsuit than it would be for a hypothetical pending personal injury lawsuit against

Luna Developments—“which, if successful, would have meant a judgment that

would become a lien on the property.”

      Section 48.23, Florida Statutes (2017), governs notices of lis pendens. A

notice is only effectual if it describes the affected property, is recorded in the

official records where the property is located, “and has not expired or been

withdrawn or discharged.” § 48.23(1)(a) (emphasis provided). In the present case,

the notices of lis pendens were discharged by the court long before the July 2015

sale, and Mr. Nieto did not appeal that discharge.

      Moreover, section 48.23(2) specifies that a notice of lis pendens “is not

effectual for any purpose beyond 1 year from the commencement of the action and

will expire at that time, unless the relief sough is disclosed by the pleading to be

founded on a duly recorded instrument or on a lien claimed under part I of chapter

713 against the property involved [unless, on motion, the court extends the time of

expiration].” It is undisputed that Mr. Nieto’s initial equitable lien claim against

6 Although the discharge was obviously “subsequent” to the recordation of the lis
pendens notices, the discharge order was actually recorded over two years before
the sale of the properties to Luna Capital.

                                      9
the condominium units was not based on a duly recorded instrument or a lien

claimed under part I of chapter 713, and that the sale occurred long after the lis

pendens would have expired even if it had not been discharged by the trial court’s

order.

         The expert’s bootstrapping theory of notice and duty is erroneous as a matter

of law on the record and timeline before us, as is his hypothetical title examiner’s

calculation of Luna Developments’ insolvency and “potential bankruptcy.” Buyers

may insist (by contract) on escrows to cover claims-in-process “which, if

successful” might become a judgment lien after the closing, but an arm’s length

buyer at a fair market price is not under a legal duty to do so for the protection of

such claimants.

         Mr. Nieto’s counsel also executed a “verified memorandum” regarding his

interpretation of the fraudulent transfer statutes and case law. Counsel erroneously

reads the term “good faith” in section 726.109(1), Florida Statutes (2017), within

Chapter 726 (“Fraudulent Transfers”), to mean that an unrelated transferee has no

notice that a transferor has creditors. Neither the statute nor applicable case law

impose such a requirement. Nothing in Mr. Nieto’s affidavits or his opposition to

the motion for summary judgment suggests any actual intention to “hinder, delay

or defraud any creditor of the debtor,” because (as addressed in the following

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section) Luna Capital was unrelated to Luna Developments and paid a reasonably

equivalent value.

      Expressed another way, the bottom line of the seller’s, Luna Developments’,

balance sheet did not change upon disposition of the condominium units in July

2015. The sale price it received was applied to pay liens on the properties and to

pay creditors. There is no record evidence that Luna Developments “siphoned off”

the proceeds to its principals or “badge of fraud” transferees with the knowledge

and assistance of Luna Capital. The transaction simply turned a physical asset into

cash reasonably equivalent to the value of the asset, and those proceeds were

distributed to the seller’s creditors (none of whom were shown to be principals,

family members of principals, or other transferees who might hold them for

ultimate distribution to the seller).

      Mr. Nieto’s counsel’s memorandum in opposition to summary judgment

relied on cases such as McCalla v. E.C. Kenyon Construction Co., Inc., 183 So. 3d

1192 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016). In that case, the defendant construction company

(Kenyon) was sued by the McCallas for breach of contract and other claims.

Before final judgment was entered, Kenyon transferred “all or most of its assets” to

two of Kenyon’s principals “who knew of the McCallas’ pending claims” without

receiving reasonably equivalent value in exchange. Id. at 1193-94. The asset

                                        11
transfer “rendered Kenyon unable to satisfy the McCallas’ judgment against it.”

Id. at 1194.

      The First District held that the complaint alleged fraudulent transfers under

sections 726.105(1) and 726.106, quoting this Court’s opinion in General Electric

Co. v. Chuly International, LLC, 118 So. 3d 325, 326 n.1 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013). Id.

But in the present case, the record established that Luna Capital had no tie to Luna

Developments or the other appellees.

      “Reasonably Equivalent Value”

      The record demonstrates that Luna Capital made its purchase offer for the

condominium units based upon a business evaluation of the market, the property’s

income and resale value, and arm’s length negotiations with Luna Developments.

The record demonstrates that the sale of the condominium units resulted from a

public real estate listing by a national brokerage firm. The summary judgment

evidence included the purchase contract, closing statements and other evidence of

a bona fide sale. During discovery, Luna Capital provided Mr. Nieto a copy of an

appraisal and other information regarding the property obtained during the due

diligence period before the sale.

      In response, Mr. Nieto’s affiant provided a back-of-the-envelope

computation questioning whether the per-unit price was below market.

Unsubstantiated “guesstimates” of what inflation might have done to values, or

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what appreciation or depreciation might have been expected during the period

Luna Developments owned the property, create no genuine issue as against the

competent, substantial evidence of an actual arm’s length sale between “a

purchaser willing but not obliged to buy” and “one willing but not obliged to sell.”

See ITT Cmty. Dev. Corp. v. Seay, 347 So. 2d 1024, 1027 (Fla. 1977); American

Reliance Ins. Co. v. Perez, 689 So. 2d 290, 291 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997) (defining “fair

market value”).

      Mr. Nieto did not file an appraisal or other evidence probative of actual

market value of the condominium units as of the July 2015 sale.

      “Outstanding Discovery”

       Finally, Mr. Nieto argues that the trial court should have denied the motion

for summary judgment because the impleaded defendants had not fully responded

to written discovery requests. See Kimball v. Publix Supermarkets, 901 So. 2d

293, 295 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005). We find no abuse of discretion by the trial court on

this point, however, as Mr. Nieto did not seek a continuance of the hearing on the

motion for summary judgment and did not demonstrate the materiality of the

discovery sought to be completed. Vancelette v. Boulan S. Beach Condo. Ass’n,

Inc., 229 So. 3d 398, 400 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017).

      Conclusion

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      Mr. Nieto misreads the statutes on proceedings supplementary and

fraudulent transfers to permit him, in effect, to backdate a judgment lien and

demand payment from a closing that happened well before any such judgment was

obtained and recorded (and even longer before the impleader of the buyer, its

lender, and its lender’s collateral assignee). If the buyer was a straw party or the

transaction was a fraudulent transfer of Luna Developments’ equity to a party

holding for the benefit of the seller, so as to thereby hinder, delay, or defraud

creditors, this might be a different case. But no such record is before us.

      Upon our careful review of the summary judgment evidence before the trial

court, and indulging appropriate inferences in favor of Mr. Nieto as required, the

summary judgment evidence establishes beyond any genuine dispute that the

appellees negotiated and purchased at arm’s length and in good faith. Beyond the

use of the term “Luna” in their names (because of the name of the condominium

complex), Luna Developments as seller and Luna Capital as buyer had no

interrelated owners, controlling members, or other indications of joint control.

      In addition, the summary judgment evidence demonstrates that the sale

negotiations and price conform to the accepted definition of “fair market value,”

or, as relevant here, “reasonably equivalent value.” We thus affirm the trial court

order and final summary judgment in all respects.

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