Court Opinion

ID: 4700825
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-07-02 14:08:41.163626+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:06:13.527091
License: Public Domain

RENDERED: JUNE 25, 2021; 10:00 A.M.
                             NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

                    Commonwealth of Kentucky
                                Court of Appeals

                                   NO. 2020-CA-0859-MR

TERREKA CARTER                                                    APPELLANT

                    APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT
v.                   HONORABLE AUDRA J. ECKERLE, JUDGE
                            ACTION NO. 20-CI-001173

ADLP INVESTMENTS, LLC                                               APPELLEE

                                          OPINION
                                         AFFIRMING

                                         ** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: ACREE, CALDWELL, AND LAMBERT, JUDGES.

ACREE, JUDGE: Terreka Carter appeals the Jefferson Circuit Court’s denial of

her CR1 60.02 motion to vacate a default judgment entered in favor of ADLP

Investments, LLC (ADLP). She contends the circuit court erred in denying her

motions because the COVID-19 pandemic should qualify as a reason of an

1
    Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.
extraordinary nature justifying relief from a judgment entered because she did not

timely respond to the complaint. We affirm.

                                 BACKGROUND

             On October 19, 2018, Carter entered into a “Retail Installment

Contract and Security Agreement” (Contract) with Approved Auto of America

(Approved Auto) for the purchase of a 2005 Buick Rendezvous. The Contract,

later assigned to Dixie Finance Company, gave Approved Auto a security interest

in the car and required Carter to make biweekly payments of $150 starting on

November 3, 2018. On November 2, 2018 Carter made a $100 payment; on

November 3, 2018, she made a $50 payment. She made no other payments.

             According to Carter, the car had multiple problems that started after

she purchased it. She brought the problems to Approved Auto’s attention, but it

did not have the parts needed to make the repairs. Carter continued to drive the car

until about a week after she made her first payment. She then surrendered the car

to Dixie Finance Company.

             Dixie Finance Company notified Carter it was required to dispose of

the car and intended to list it for public sale on December 14, 2018. Eventually,

the Contract was assigned to ADLP through a series of assignments.

             ADLP filed suit against Carter on February 12, 2020. The complaint

contained allegations of breach of contract, quantum meruit-unjust enrichment, and

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action on account. The sheriff served the complaint and summons on Carter at her

mother’s residence on February 27, 2020.

                Around that time, the country went into a self-imposed lockdown in

response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the court-system still functioned,

albeit at limited capacity. Carter never filed an answer to ADLP’s complaint.

ADLP filed a motion for default judgment on March 30, 2020 and served the

motion on Carter. Carter still failed to respond. The circuit court entered a default

judgment on April 2, 2020.

                Well over a month after receiving the default judgment, Carter hired a

lawyer and filed a motion to vacate under CR2 60.02 and CR 55.02. She cited

COVID-19 as a reason of an extraordinary nature justifying relief. CR 60.02(f).

The circuit court disagreed and overruled Carter’s motion. This prompted Carter

to file a CR 59.05 motion, which was also denied by the circuit court.

                 This appeal followed.

                                STANDARD OF REVIEW

                The decision to grant or deny a motion under CR 60.02 or CR 59.05

rests within the trial judge’s sound discretion. See Schott v. Citizens Fidelity Bank

& Trust Co., 692 S.W.2d 810, 814 (Ky. App. 1985). Accordingly, we apply an

abuse of discretion standard of review to a trial court’s rulings on CR 59.05 and

2
    Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.

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CR 60.02 motions. Bowling v. Kentucky Dept. of Corrections, 301 S.W.3d 478,

483 (Ky. 2009); Bethlehem Minerals Co. v. Church & Mullins Corp., 887 S.W.2d

327, 329 (Ky. 1994).

             “The test for abuse of discretion is whether the trial judge’s decision

was arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair, or unsupported by sound legal principles.”

Commonwealth v. English, 993 S.W.2d 941, 945 (Ky. 1999). Accordingly, a trial

court’s decision is affirmed unless there is a showing of some “flagrant miscarriage

of justice[.]” Gross v. Commonwealth, 648 S.W.2d 853, 858 (Ky. 1983).

                                    ANALYSIS

             A trial court may relieve a party from a final judgment upon a

showing of a “reason of an extraordinary nature justifying relief.” CR 60.02(f).

This rule “functions to address significant defects in the trial proceedings.”

Ramsey v. Commonwealth, 453 S.W.3d 738, 739 (Ky. App. 2014) (citation

omitted). To succeed on a claim under CR 60.02(f), “the movant must specifically

present facts which render the original trial tantamount to none at all.” Foley v.

Commonwealth, 425 S.W.3d 880, 885 (Ky. 2014) (citation and internal quotation

marks omitted).

             Additionally, CR 55.02 provides a mechanism authorizing a trial court

to set aside a default judgment in accordance with CR 60.02 for “good cause

shown[.]” Kentucky courts have interpreted the “good cause” standard under CR

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55.02 as requiring “the moving party to make a timely showing of the

circumstances under which the default judgment was procured. Specifically, the

moving party must show: (1) a valid excuse for the default; (2) a meritorious

defense to the claim; and (3) absence of prejudice to the non-defaulting party.”

Sunrise Turquoise, Inc. v. Chem. Design Co., 899 S.W.2d 856, 859 (Ky. App.

1995) (citing Perry v. Central Bank & Trust Co., 812 S.W.2d 166, 170 (Ky. App.

1991)). “Absent a showing of all three elements, the default judgment will not be

set aside.” Sunrise, 899 S.W.2d at 859. “Although default judgments are not

favored, trial courts possess broad discretion in considering motions to set them

aside and we will not disturb the exercise of that discretion absent abuse.” Howard

v. Fountain, 749 S.W.2d 690, 692 (Ky. App. 1988) (citing Kidd v. B. Perini &

Sons, 313 Ky. 727, 233 S.W.2d 255 (1950)); PNC Bank, N.A. v. Citizens Bank of

Northern Kentucky, Inc., 139 S.W.3d 527, 530-31 (Ky. App. 2003).

             Carter failed to satisfy the first element. A pandemic cannot serve, in

and of itself, as a valid excuse for defaulting on a claim, especially when there is

no allegation the defaulter was medically or otherwise personally affected by the

disease. Carter was served with a complaint and summons with directions when to

answer. Counsel properly served the default judgment motion upon her stating

when she was to respond. A party’s foreboding response to general information is

not a valid excuse for disregarding specific information identifying a specific

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responsibility, with specific consequences. Furthermore, mere carelessness on a

party’s part is an insufficient reason to set aside a default judgment. Perry, 812

S.W.2d at 170. Because Carter has not satisfied the first element necessary to

establish good cause for setting aside the default judgment, we need not address

the other two. Sunrise, 899 S.W.2d at 859.

             Carter’s additional arguments regarding the complaint address the

merits of the claim. These arguments are moot. However, we examined her

argument regarding the award of damages and are unpersuaded.

             The court awarded ADLP damages of $6,583.80 plus costs and

interest. Damages cannot “exceed in amount that prayed for in the demand for

judgment.” CR 54.03(1). The record shows ADLP demanded exactly what was

awarded. The court did not violate the rule.

                                  CONCLUSION

             The Jefferson Circuit Court’s default judgment is affirmed.

             ALL CONCUR.

 BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:                      BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

 Juliana N. Madaki                         Randy T. Slovin
 Louisville, Kentucky                      Brad A. Council
                                           William F. Abbey
                                           Cincinnati, Ohio

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