Court Opinion

ID: 3009111
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-09 19:10:10.61197+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:46:15.347809
License: Public Domain

J-S59015-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE MATTER OF THE ADOPTION OF:                IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
H.L.P., JR. A/K/A H.M. A/K/A B.B.M.,                   PENNSYLVANIA

                            Appellee

                       v.

APPEAL OF: H.P., NATURAL FATHER,

                            Appellant                 No. 813 WDA 2015

                     Appeal from the Decree April 22, 2015
                 In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County
                Orphans' Court at No(s): 53 IN ADOPTION 2014

BEFORE: BOWES, DONOHUE, AND FITZGERALD,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                          FILED OCTOBER 09, 2015

       H.P. (“Father”) appeals from the April 22, 2015 decree terminating his

parental rights to his son, H.L.P., Jr. a/k/a/ H.M. a/k/a B.B.M.1 We affirm.

       The Erie County Office of Children and Youth (“OCY”) first became

involved with H.L.P., Jr. during December 2009, following his premature

birth. The agency interceded due to reports that H.L.P., Jr. was born with

traces of cocaine in his system. The child was adjudicated dependent and

placed initially with his current pre-adoptive foster parents (“Foster

Parents”).    However, Father gained physical custody of the child for four

____________________________________________

1
 The orphans’ court also terminated the parental rights of H.L.P., Jr.’s
mother, C.A.M. She did not appeal.

*
    Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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months during spring 2011.       OCY eventually removed H.L.P., Jr. from

Father’s care on June 22, 2011, after Father tested positive for cocaine and

failed to attend two urine screens.    Thereafter, H.L.P., Jr. resided in a

kinship foster home until October 30, 2012, when the then-nearly-three–

year-old child was placed with his paternal aunt (“Aunt”) under a subsidized

permanent legal custodianship (“SPLC”).    On that date, the juvenile court

closed the dependency case and discharged H.L.P., Jr. from OCY’s care and

supervision.

     OCY became reacquainted with the family fifteen months later, after

Aunt declared her intention to relinquish SPLC due to Father’s continued

harassment and interference.     On January 28, 2014, the juvenile court

entered an emergency protective order that temporarily returned physical

and legal custody to OCY.      The agency reunited H.L.P., Jr. with Foster

Parents, where he remains. In the interim, Foster Parents, whom H.L.P., Jr.

refers to as Mom and Dad, adopted two of his half-siblings on his birth

mother’s side.

     Father’s substance abuse was the central concern of the ensuing

dependency adjudication. The evidence submitted at that hearing revealed

that Father not only had recently tested positive for marijuana, but he had

also failed to attend five drug screens. On March 6, 2014, the juvenile court

adjudicated H.L.P., Jr. a dependent child for a second time.    The primary

permanency goal of the dependency proceeding was reunification with

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Father.     The concurrent goal was adoption.        The juvenile court ordered

Father to comply with a litany of conditions including: submit to random

drug testing; participate in mental health assessment; utilize recommended

treatment options; verify gainful employment and stable housing; attend

H.L.P., Jr.’s medical appointments; and participate in parenting classes and

demonstrate parenting skills during his supervised visitation with H.L.P., Jr.

The juvenile court ordered supervised visitations between Father and H.L.P.,

Jr. that were contingent upon Father’s continued sobriety and reflective of

his progress with court-ordered services.

      Unfortunately, Father’s progress was minimal.            During the first

permanency review hearing, the trial court found that Father had not

complied with the court-ordered permanency plan nor made any progress

toward    alleviating   the   circumstances   that   necessitated   H.L.P.,   Jr.’s

placement. Father’s progress improved negligibly over the next two months,

and the juvenile court’s subsequent permanency review order entered on

July 22, 2014, changed H.L.P., Jr.’s placement goal from reunification to

adoption.

      On August 19, 2014, OCY filed a petition to terminate Father’s parental

rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1),(2) and (b). During the ensuing

evidentiary hearing, OCY presented testimony from Patricia Potter, H.L.P.,

Jr.’s outpatient therapist; Mary Bliley, the OCY caseworker assigned to the

family; and Gaylene Abbot-Fay, the OCY permanency worker who observed

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H.L.P., Jr.’s interaction with Foster Parents.   Father testified on his own

behalf and presented the testimony of his step-father and a former OCY

caseworker. At the close of the hearing, the orphans’ court entered on the

record its findings of fact and conclusions of law and determined that OCY

established by clear and convincing evidence the statutory grounds to

terminate Father’s parental rights pursuant to § 2511(a)(1),(2) and (b).

      Father filed a timely notice of appeal and a concomitant Rule 1925(b)

statement. He presents three issues for our review:

      1.    Whether the orphan’s [sic] court committed an abuse of
      discretion or errors of law when it concluded that the [Erie
      County Office of Children and Youth] established grounds for
      termination under 23 Pa.C.S.A. [§] 2511(a)(1).

      2.    Whether the orphan’s [sic] court committed an abuse of
      discretion or error of law when it concluded that the [Erie County
      Office of Children and Youth] established grounds for termination
      under 23 Pa.C.S.A. [§] 2511(a)(2).

      3.    Whether the Orphan’s court committed and abuse of
      discretion or error of law when it concluded that the [Erie County
      Office of Children and Youth] established grounds for termination
      under 23 Pa.C.S.A. [§] 2511(b).

Father’s brief at 4.

      We review the orphans’ court’s order to grant or deny a petition to

involuntarily terminate parental rights for an abuse of discretion.    In re

C.W.U., Jr., 33 A.3d 1, 4 (Pa.Super. 2011).           “[W]e are limited to

determining whether the decision of the trial court is supported by

competent evidence.” In re R.L.T.M., 860 A.2d 190, 191 (Pa.Super. 2004)

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(quoting In re C.S., 761 A.2d 1197, 1199 (Pa.Super. 2000)).          However,

“[w]e must employ a broad, comprehensive review of the record in order to

determine whether the trial court’s decision is supported by competent

evidence.” In re C.W.U., Jr., supra at 4. As the ultimate trier of fact, the

orphans’ court is empowered to make all determinations of credibility,

resolve conflicts in the evidence, and believe all, part, or none of the

evidence presented.   In re A.S., 11 A.3d 473, 477 (Pa.Super. 2010). “If

competent evidence supports the trial court’s findings, we will affirm even if

the record could also support the opposite result.” Id.

      As the party petitioning for termination of parental rights, OCY must

prove by clear and convincing evidence the statutory criteria for that

termination. In re P.Z., 113 A.3d 840, 850 (Pa.Super. 2015). Clear and

convincing evidence is “testimony that is so ‘clear, direct, weighty and

convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction,

without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.’” In re

Adoption of M.R.B., 25 A.3d 1247, 1251 (Pa Super 2015) (quoting In re

J.L.C. & J.R.C., 837 A.2d 1247, 1251 (Pa.Super. 2003)).

      Requests to involuntarily terminate a biological parent’s parental rights

are governed by 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511, which provides in pertinent part as

follows:

      (a) General rule.—The rights of a parent in regard to a child may
      be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
      grounds:

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         (1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at
         least six months immediately preceding the filing of the
         petition either has evidenced a settled purpose of
         relinquishing parental claim to a child or has refused to
         failed to perform parental duties.

            ....

         (2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,
         neglect or refusal of the parent has casued the child to be
         without essential parental care, control or subsistence
         necessary for his physical or mental well-being and the
         conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or
         refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent.

            ....

      (b) Other considerations.—The court in terminating the rights of
      a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental,
      physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child. The
      rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of
      environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings,
      income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the
      control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant
      to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any
      efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions described therein
      which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the
      filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511.

      We need only agree with the trial court’s decision as to one subsection

of 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a) in order to affirm the termination of parental rights.

In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa.Super. 2004) (en banc). Herein, we

agree with the trial court’s decision to terminate Father’s parental rights

pursuant to subsections 2511(a)(1) and (b).

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      As it relates to §2511(a)(1), the pertinent inquiry for our review

follows:

      To satisfy Section 2511(a)(1), the moving party must produce
      clear and convincing evidence of conduct sustained for at least
      the six months prior to the filing of the termination petition,
      which reveals a settled intent to relinquish parental claim to a
      child or a refusal or failure to perform parental duties. . . .
      Section 2511 does not require that the parent demonstrate both
      a settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim to a child and
      refusal or failure to perform parental duties.      Accordingly,
      parental rights may be terminated pursuant to Section
      2511(a)(1) if the parent either demonstrates a settled purpose
      of relinquishing parental claim to a child or fails to perform
      parental duties.

In re D.J.S., 737 A.2d 283, 285 (Pa.Super. 1999) (quoting Matter of

Adoption of Charles E.D.M., II, 708 A.2d 88, 91 (Pa. 1998)) (internal

citations omitted). Although the six months immediately preceding the filing

of the petition are the most critical to the analysis, the orphans’ court must

consider the whole history of a given case and not mechanically apply the

six-month statutory provision.    In re B.,N.M., 856 A.2d 847 (Pa.Super.

2004). Additionally, to the extent that the orphans’ court based its decision

to terminate parental rights pursuant to subsection (a)(1), “the court shall

not consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions described

therein which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the

filing of the petition.” In In re C.M.S., 832 A.2d 457, 462 (Pa.Super. 2003),

we explained, “A parent is required to exert a sincere and genuine effort to

maintain a parent-child relationship; the parent must use all available

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resources   to   preserve   the   parental   relationship   and   must   exercise

‘reasonable firmness’ in resisting obstacles placed in the path of maintaining

the parent-child relationship.”

      Once the evidence establishes a failure to perform parental duties or a

settled purpose of relinquishing parental rights, the orphans’ court must then

engage in three additional lines of inquiry: (1) the parent's explanation for

his or her conduct; (2) the post-abandonment contact between parent and

child; and (3) consideration of the effect of termination of parental rights on

the child pursuant to Section 2511(b).       In re Z.S.W., 946 A.2d 726, 730

(Pa.Super. 2008).

      In granting OYC’s petition for involuntary termination, the trial court

determined as follows:

      Since at least January 28, 2014, when the child was removed
      from the care of [Aunt], [Father] either evidenced a settled
      purpose of relinquishing parental claim to [H.L.P., Jr.] or refused
      or failed to perform parental duties. [Father] never obtained
      employment or verified income; two urinalysis results were
      positive and he failed to show for the other 56 scheduled
      urinalysis screenings; he did not participate in parenting class as
      directed; OCY was unable to verify his housing status; and
      [Father] failed to show any interest whatsoever in the child by
      sending him cards, gifts, or letters.         [Father] has never
      contacted OCY to inquire about the child. Aside from “talk”,
      [Father] has refused or failed to accept parenting responsibility.
      [Father] refused to take even modest steps to facilitate [H.L.P.,
      Jr.’s] return to his care. [Father] failed to exert himself to take
      to take and maintain a place of importance in the child’s life.
      [Father] admitted he could have been more responsible.
      Appellee established by clear and convincing evidence the
      grounds for termination of parental rights at 25 Pa.C.S.A.
      §2511(a)(1).

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Trial Court Opinion, 6/22/15, at 7.

       The record supports the orphans’ court’s determination.       During the

evidentiary hearing, Mary Bliley, the OCY caseworker assigned to the family,

testified as follows about Father’s noncompliance with the court-ordered

services.    She became involved with the family during February 2014,

shortly after H.L.P., Jr. was adjudicated dependent following Aunt’s

relinquishment of SPLC. N.T, 4/21/15, at 35, 40-41. While Father had been

involved and active during the family’s first contact with the juvenile court,

he was uncooperative with OCY and its service agencies following the second

adjudication of dependency.         Id. at 38, 46, 52.   He refused to execute a

release that permitted OCY to access required information to verify that he

underwent the court-ordered mental health assessment or obtained regular

employment or safe and stable housing.2 Id. at 46, 49-50.           Likewise, he

declined to attend parenting classes or complete the required drug screens.

Id. at 48, 51-52.3       As it relates to visitation, Father attended only three

____________________________________________

2
  Father eventually executed a release to permit OCY to access his mental
health assessment. N.T., 4/21/15, at 49. Similarly, although Father failed
to verify his employment, Ms. Bliley was familiar with his efforts to open a
barbershop. Id. at 54-55, 59.
3
  OCY referred Father to the Erie Family Center for parenting classes.
However, Father refused to participate because he previously attended a
parenting program as a component of the first dependency. N.T., 4/21/15,
at 47-48.

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supervised visitations with H.L.P., Jr. before the visits were terminated as a

consequence of his failure to comply with the drug testing regimen. Id. 50,

57, 61.      In Ms. Bliley’s opinion, Father simply did not remedy the

circumstances that led to his son’s second placement. Id. at 52.

      The testimony of Nicole Seelbach, the person who coordinated Father’s

drug screens, confirmed Father’s meager effort to attain sobriety. Id. at 31-

33. She highlighted that Father failed drug screens on January 27, 2014 and

April 21, 2014, testing positive for the presence of marijuana during both

instances.   Id. at 33.    Additionally, Father refused fifty-six other urine

screens between January and July 2014. Ms. Seelbach explained that OCY

counted every missed urine test as a “no-show” positive drug screen. Id.

      In addition, H.L.P. Jr.’s cognitive behavior therapist, Patricia Potter,

testified about Father’s lack of participation in his son’s therapy to address

the child’s reactive attachment disorder.     Id. at 15, 17-18.    The condition

caused the child anxiety and uncontrollable aggressive behaviors.           She

testified that therapeutic parenting was very effective in addressing

attachment disorders.     One important aspect of the therapy was parental

interactions. Id. at 14. Ms. Potter explained, “[I]t’s the holding, nurturing

process. It’s allowing them to identify and express their feelings. It’s about

touch. It’s nurturing. . . .   It’s a whole different parenting approach and is

utilized for children who are securely attached.”     Id. at 18.    Despite the

importance of Father’s participation in his son’s therapeutic parenting, Father

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failed to adhere to his son’s treatment objectives.       Id. at 20.   He missed

three of the six therapeutic sessions.       Id. at 16.   Moreover, Father was

argumentative, defensive, and rebellious during the three sessions that he

did attend. Indeed, in contrast to the importance that Ms. Potter placed on

the parental interactions, Father deemed therapeutic parenting unnecessary

and opined, “that [she] was just spoiling [the] child”.           Id. at 17-18.

Additionally, Father informed Ms. Potter of his refusal to abstain from drug

use, and he expressly rejected her recommendation to participate in

substance abuse and mental health treatment. Id. at 19.

      Father’s own witness, former OCY caseworker Leatrice Schoolcraft

confirmed that, while Father was initially cooperative with the agency, once

he failed the drug screens during January 2014, Father refused to submit to

additional testing and complained that the drug testing component was

unfair.   Id. at 96, 97-98.   Likewise, Ms. Schoolcraft stated that, although

Father briefly maintained suitable housing, he refused to verify proof of

employment. Id. at 96, 98.

      As revealed by the foregoing testimony, the evidence in the certified

record sustains the orphans’ court’s decision to terminate Father’s parental

rights pursuant to § 2511(a)(1).     Stated plainly, Father failed to perform

parental duties and neglected to exert a sincere and genuine effort to

maintain a parent-child relationship. Moreover, he rebuffed the services and

resources that OCY attempted to provide. Father refused to participate in

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parenting classes, obtain employment, or verify that he had maintained

adequate housing, and he made minimal efforts toward sobriety. He failed

the only two drug screens that he submitted in the six months between

January 2014 and July 2014, and on fifty-six other occasions during that

period, he simply refused to submit a sample for testing.

      Next, as it relates to the additional considerations outlined in In re

Z.S.W., supra, regarding Father’s explanations for his behaviors and any

post-abandonment contact, we observe that there has been minimal contact

between Father and H.L.P., Jr. since the second adjudication of dependency

during January 2014.      Counting the supervised visitations, therapeutic

sessions, and medical appointments that Father attended, he has interacted

with H.L.P., Jr. no more than eight times.     N.T., 4/21/15, at 61.     Father

neglected to demonstrate any interest in maintaining a relationship with

H.L.P., Jr. other than sporadic visitation. Furthermore, Father not only failed

to provide any explanation for his absence from his son’s life during that

period, he expressly refused to comply with the drug screening regimen that

would have permitted him to increase the frequency and duration of his

contact with H.L.P., Jr. during the dependency proceedings. Thus, we find

no basis to disturb the orphans’ court’s determination under §2511(a).

      Having concluded that the orphans’ court did not err in finding that

OCY satisfied its burden pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), we next

review the orphans’ court’s needs and welfare analysis under § 2511(b).

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The extent of the orphans’ court’s analysis depends upon the circumstances

of a particular case. In re K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 763 (Pa.Super. 2008). We

have emphasized that, while a parent’s emotional bond with his child is a

major aspect of the § 2511(b) best-interest analysis, it is nonetheless only

one of many factors to be considered by the trial court when determining

what is in the best interest of the child. In re K.K.R.-S, 958 A.2d 529, 535-

536 (Pa.Super. 2008).     Indeed, the mere existence of an emotional bond

does not preclude the termination of parental rights. See In re T.D., 949
A.2d 910 (Pa.Super. 2008) (trial court’s decision to terminate was affirmed

where court balanced strong emotional bond against parents’ inability to

serve needs of child).     As we explained in In re K.Z.S., supra at 763

(emphasis omitted),

      In addition to a bond examination, the court may equally
      emphasize the safety needs of the child under subsection (b),
      child neglect or abandonment, or children with special needs.
      The trial court should also examine the intangibles such as the
      love, comfort, security and stability the child might have with the
      continuity of relationship to the child and whether the parent
      child bond, if it exists, can be severed without detrimental
      effects on the child. All of these factors can contribute to the
      inquiry about the needs and welfare of the child.

See also In re A.S., supra at 483 (Pa.Super. 2010) (orphans’ court can

emphasize safety needs, consider intangibles, such as love, comfort,

security, and stability child might have with foster parent, and importance of

continuity of existing relationships).

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     Herein, the orphans’ court concluded that severing the frail bond

between Father and H.L.P., Jr. was in the child’s best interest because the

only parental bond that nurtured safety, security, and permanency exists

between H.L.P., Jr. and his pre-adoptive Foster Parents.     See Trial Court

Opinion, 6/22/15, at 6-7.   Again, the record supports the orphans’ court’s

determination. Ms. Bliley, the assigned OCY caseworker, testified that she

observed Father’s visitations with H.L.P., Jr. and noted that, while Father

was affectionate towards his son, the child did not reciprocate.   Id. at 58.

He repeatedly requested to end the visitations with Father so that he could

return to his foster mother.   Id. at 58. Similarly, Ms. Bliley observed the

parent-child interaction during H.L.P., Jr.’s therapy with Ms. Potter. Id. at

61. She stated that H.L.P., Jr. was more interested in interacting with Foster

Parents than Father during those sessions. Id. at 61. She described how

H.L.P., Jr. would cling to his foster mother and would only go to Father when

he was prompted.     Id. at 62. Additionally, Ms. Bliley testified that Father

failed to pay child support, send correspondence, or provide any gifts. Id.

at 60. Indeed, Father did not even contact the agency to inquire about his

son’s well-being.   Id. at 60-61.   Tellingly, H.L.P., never asked Ms. Bliley

about Father and he never referred to Father in her presence. Id. at 62.

     In contrast to his negligible interactions with Father, H.L.P., Jr. is

attached emotionally with Foster Parents, whom he refers to as Mom and

Dad. Id. at 62. He is thriving in the foster home, and Foster Parents satisfy

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his   “physical, mental, [and] emotional needs.”         Id.   In sum, Ms. Bliley

opined that H.L.P., Jr. would not suffer detriment if the trial court terminated

Father’s parental rights. Id. at 63. She believes that it is in the child’s best

interest to remain with Foster parents permanently. Id. at 63.

         Similarly, Ms. Potter observed that, unlike Father, Foster Parents were

engaged in the therapeutic process and cooperative.             Id. at 22.   She

testified that H.L.P., Jr. shared a close relationship with Foster Parents. She

noted, “[H.L.P., Jr.] would not leave [Foster Parents’] side. He would cling

onto them. As a matter of fact, . . . he wanted to be right by them at all

times.” Id. at 27.

         In addition, Gaylene Abbott-Fay, the OCY permanency worker that

administered H.L.P., Jr.’s placement in foster care, testified about his

relationship with Foster Parents. Although she was assigned to this case on

September 3, 2014, she was familiar with Foster Parents’ history with the

child.    Id. at 66-67.    She noted that Foster Parents were a placement

resource during the prior dependency proceedings and that they have

adopted two of H.L.P.’s half-siblings.      Id. at 67.    Ms. Abbott-Fay further

indicated that the five-year-old child had spent the majority of his life in

Foster Parents’ care.     Id. at 68.   When asked to justify why she believed

that there would be no adverse effects from terminating Father’s parental

rights and why proceeding with an adoption by Foster Parents would serve in

H.L.P. Jr.’s best interest, Ms. Abbott explained,

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            He definitely exhibits strong attachment to that family. He
      looks to them for support and guidance and nurturing. He does
      refer to them as mom and dad. And with everything that this
      child has gone through at this point, he needs permanency
      before we have further permanent damage.

             ....

      [H]e’s demonstrating his attachment to the family. He is part of
      the family. He participates in all family activities. He doesn’t
      ask about his [birth] mom or dad. He sees [Foster Parents] as
      the family figures[.]

Id. at 70.

      Mindful of the intangible factors that we outlined in In re A.S., supra,

such as the love, comfort, security, and stability that H.L.P. Jr., shares with

his half-siblings and pre-adoptive Foster Parents, and the importance of

maintaining those beneficial relationships, we find sufficient evidence in the

certified record to sustain the orphans’ court’s best-interest analysis.    In

sum, Father maintained only a nominal bond with H.L.P., Jr., and it is

paramount to the child’s wellbeing that we preserve the loving, stable

relationships that he enjoys with Foster Parents.

      For all of the foregoing reasons, we affirm the orphans’ court’s order

terminating Father’s parental rights to H.L.P., Jr. pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. §

2511(a)(1) and (b).

      Decree affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 10/9/2015

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