Court Opinion

ID: 9554170
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-07 21:16:33.737936+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:33:19.907529
License: Public Domain

2023 IL App (5th) 210079-U
             NOTICE
                                                                                                 NOTICE
 Decision filed 08/07/23. The
                                                                                      This order was filed under
 text of this decision may be                  NO. 5-21-0079
                                                                                      Supreme Court Rule 23 and is
 changed or corrected prior to
                                                                                      not precedent except in the
 the filing of a Petition for                      IN THE                             limited circumstances allowed
 Rehearing or the disposition of
                                                                                      under Rule 23(e)(1).
 the same.
                                   APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                               FIFTH DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

MICHAEL MILLER,                                 )     Appeal from the
                                                )     Circuit Court of
      Plaintiff-Appellant,                      )     Madison County.
                                                )
v.                                              )     No. 19-MR-523
                                                )
FELICIA ADKINS, ∗ Warden,                       )     Honorable
                                                )     Christopher P. Threlkeld,
      Defendant-Appellee.                       )     Judge, presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

         JUSTICE WELCH delivered the judgment of the court.
         Presiding Justice Boie and Justice Moore concurred in the judgment.

                                                ORDER

¶1       Held: Because the trial court had jurisdiction over the plaintiff as well as over the subject
               matter of the case, and because the plaintiff did not claim that a postconviction
               occurrence entitles him to habeas relief, we affirm the decision of the circuit court
               denying plaintiff’s complaint for habeas relief.

¶2                                         BACKGROUND

¶3       In May 1999, a jury convicted the plaintiff of attempted murder. The trial court sentenced

him to 45 years in prison. Prior to trial the plaintiff filed a petition for discharge pursuant to the

Speedy Trial Act (725 ILCS 5/103-5(d) (West 1998)), but no ruling on the motion appears in the

         ∗
          The proper defendant in a habeas corpus action is “the person[ ] in whose custody or under whose
restraint” the plaintiff resides. Hennings v. Chandler, 229 Ill. 2d 18, 23 n.2 (2008). Therefore, we substituted
Felicia Adkins as the proper party in interest in place of Kim Larsen because she is currently the warden at
Danville Correctional Center where the plaintiff is being held.
                                                       1
record. In a posttrial motion filed by appointed counsel the plaintiff argued, inter alia, that the

court “erred in denying [his] motion to dismiss for denial of a speedy trial,” and sought either a

discharge or a new trial. At the hearing on that motion, the plaintiff’s appointed attorney stated

that the circuit court had denied the motion for discharge and argued that it had erred in doing so.

The State argued that the plaintiff had consented to the delay in question and that the circuit court

properly denied plaintiff’s motion for discharge. The circuit court denied the plaintiff’s posttrial

motion. The plaintiff appealed, and this court affirmed the conviction and sentence. See People v.

Miller, No. 5-99-0651 (2003) (unpublished order under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 23). The

plaintiff did not raise any speedy trial arguments in that appeal.

¶4     In 2010, the plaintiff filed pro se a pleading captioned “Mtn. for Speedy Trial,” which the

circuit court dismissed. The plaintiff appealed, but the appeal was ultimately dismissed for want

of prosecution.

¶5     In April 2019, the plaintiff filed a habeas corpus complaint claiming, inter alia, that he

was being unlawfully held in violation of his right to a speedy trial. Specifically, he claimed that

he was not brought to trial within 120 days and that his pretrial petition for discharge was never

heard or ruled on. He claimed that assertions to the contrary in his posttrial motion and at the

hearing thereon were a “cover up” which the prosecutor, his posttrial attorney, and the judge

“staged” to conceal the fact that his pretrial motion for discharge was never addressed. The

defendant filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to section 2-615 of the Code of Civil Procedure

(Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-615 (West 2018)), arguing that the plaintiff’s complaint failed to state any

grounds upon which habeas corpus relief could be granted. The defendant’s motion also sought

dismissal pursuant to section 2-619 of the Code (id. § 2-619), arguing that plaintiff’s speedy trial

claim was barred by collateral estoppel because it had twice been rejected by the circuit court.

                                                  2
Finally, the defendant asked the court to find the complaint frivolous pursuant to section 22-105

of the Code (id. § 22-105). The trial court granted the defendant’s motion in its entirety, and the

plaintiff now appeals.

¶6                                         ANALYSIS

¶7     We review the circuit court’s dismissal of a habeas corpus petition de novo. Ragel v. Scott,

2018 IL App (4th) 170322, ¶ 19. “The Illinois Habeas Corpus Act (735 ILCS 5/10-101 et seq.

(West 2002)) provides an extremely narrow remedy for state prisoners. The sole remedy or relief

authorized by a writ of habeas corpus is the prisoner’s immediate release from custody.

[Citation.]” Faircloth v. Sternes, 367 Ill. App. 3d 123, 125 (2006). This extraordinary remedy is

available in two circumstances. Id. The Illinois Supreme Court “has consistently held that a writ

under this act is available only to obtain the release of a prisoner who has been incarcerated under

a judgment of a court that lacked jurisdiction of the subject matter or the person of the petitioner,

or where there has been some occurrence subsequent to the prisoner’s conviction that entitles him

to release. [Citations.]” People v. Gosier, 205 Ill. 2d 198, 205 (2001). “A complaint for order of

habeas corpus may not be used to review proceedings that do not exhibit one of these defects,

even though the alleged error involves a denial of constitutional rights.” Beacham v. Walker, 231

Ill. 2d 51, 58 (2008).

¶8     The plaintiff’s habeas complaint did not argue that some postconviction occurrence

entitled him to release, nor does he make any such claim on appeal. Instead, he argues that the

circuit court lacked jurisdiction as a result of the alleged speedy trial violation. We disagree.

¶9     A circuit court is automatically vested with jurisdiction over all justiciable matters by

article VI, section 9, of the Illinois Constitution. People v. Castleberry, 2015 IL 116916, ¶ 15.

Criminal charges against an individual are justiciable matters and, therefore, the circuit court had

                                                  3
subject matter jurisdiction in the plaintiff’s criminal trial. People v. Rios, 2013 IL App (1st)

121072, ¶ 16. The court had jurisdiction over his person when he appeared before the court in his

criminal case. People v. Speed, 318 Ill. App. 3d 910, 932 (2001).

¶ 10   The plaintiff alleges that the circuit court did not have jurisdiction because it had never

addressed his speedy trial motion. As noted above, no ruling on the plaintiff’s petition for discharge

appears in the record on appeal, nor is there a report of proceedings from any hearing thereon.

However, even assuming, arguendo, that the petition was never heard or ruled on and that the

plaintiff was denied his right to a speedy trial, such error would not be cognizable in a habeas

corpus proceeding. “Generally, once a court has acquired jurisdiction, no subsequent error or

irregularity will oust the jurisdiction thus acquired. Accordingly, a court may not lose jurisdiction

because it makes a mistake in determining either the facts, the law or both. [Citation.]” People v.

Davis, 156 Ill. 2d 149, 156 (1993).

¶ 11   “Habeas corpus does not lie if the person is in custody by virtue of a final judgment of any

circuit court *** unless the time during which such party may be legally detained has expired.”

Barney v. Prisoner Review Board, 184 Ill. 2d 428, 431 (1998). An offender, whether in prison or

on mandatory supervised release, “remain[s] in the custody of the State until the expiration of the

maximum term of his sentence.” Faheem-El v. Klincar, 123 Ill. 2d 291, 300 (1988). Where the

convicting court had both subject matter and personal jurisdiction and “ ‘the maximum term of

commitment under the judgment has not expired or otherwise been lawfully terminated, then the

court’ ” must deny the habeas corpus complaint. Pardo v. Chrans, 174 Ill. App. 3d 549, 551 (1988)

(quoting People ex rel. Castle v. Spivey, 10 Ill. 2d 586, 593-94 (1957)). The plaintiff did not allege

                                                  4
the maximum term of his sentence had expired. The Illinois Department of Corrections website

reveals that the plaintiff’s sentence will not be discharged until November 5, 2039. 1

¶ 12    Having determined that the circuit court properly dismissed the plaintiff’s complaint for

habeas corpus relief we need not determine whether his speedy trial claim is precluded by the

doctrine of collateral estoppel. Finally, we decline the State’s request to impose sanctions under

Illinois Supreme Court Rule 375(b) (eff. Feb. 1, 1994).

¶ 13                                       CONCLUSION

¶ 14    For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court of Madison County’s denial of the plaintiff’s

habeas corpus complaint is affirmed.

¶ 15    Affirmed.

        1
         https://idoc.illinois.gov/offender/inmatesearch.html (last visited July 25, 2023) (of which we may
take judicial notice (Cordrey v. Prisoner Review Board, 2014 IL 117155, ¶ 12)).

                                                    5