Court Opinion

ID: 4702869
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-07-12 17:00:50.271303+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:06:27.319030
License: Public Domain

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                ______________

                                     No. 20-2048
                                  ________________

                                   OSCAR PORTER,
                                          Appellant

                                           v.

            ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NEW JERSEY STATE PRISON;
            ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY
                           ______________

                      Appeal from the United States District Court
                               for the District of New Jersey
                              (D.C. Civ. No. 2-17-cv-02796)
                      District Judge: Honorable Madeline C. Arleo
                                      ______________

                      Submitted under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                    May 28, 2021
                                   ______________

   Before: GREENAWAY, JR., SHWARTZ, Circuit Judges, and ROBRENO, District
                                Judge. *

                                 (Filed: July 12, 2021)
                                   ______________

                                      OPINION **
                                    ______________

      *
         The Honorable Eduardo C. Robreno, United States District Judge for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
       **
          This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7
does not constitute binding precedent.
ROBRENO, District Judge.

       Oscar Porter appeals the denial by the United States District Court for the District

of New Jersey of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition for a writ of habeas corpus. We will

affirm the district court’s denial.

                                      I.    Background

       In June 2005, Porter was convicted of, inter alia, robbery, aggravated assault, and

attempted murder. Specifically, Porter and two other men were alleged to have dragged

the victims, David Veal and Rayfield Ashford, into an alley, robbed them, and shot them.

Ashford died. Veal survived and identified Porter as the shooter.

       Porter contends that his trial counsel was ineffective for: (1) failing to investigate

and present testimony from his girlfriend, Katrina Adams, that he was at home with her at

the time of the crimes; and (2) failing to investigate and present testimony from Adams

and another woman, Rashana Lundy, that Porter was friends with Ashford, the deceased

victim, and that Ashford would have invoked that friendship had Porter threatened him

with a gun.

       In January 2008, Porter filed a petition for post-conviction relief (“PCR”) alleging

in part ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failing to investigate and call the two

witnesses. The PCR court denied the petition without an evidentiary hearing. The New

Jersey Supreme Court ultimately reversed the denial and remanded the case for an

evidentiary hearing on Porter’s claim that he was denied effective assistance because of

counsel’s failure to investigate Adams and her alibi evidence. State v. Porter, 80 A.3d

732, 735, 740-41 (N.J. 2013). In addition, the New Jersey Supreme Court held that,

                                               2
although Porter had not made a prima facie showing of entitlement to an evidentiary

hearing regarding Lundy’s testimony on the friendship between Porter and Ashford, on

remand the PCR court could consider whether counsel was ineffective for this reason as

well. Id. at 740.

       In June 2014, the PCR court held the evidentiary hearing but limited it to

counsel’s failure to investigate Adams’s alibi evidence and prohibited Porter from calling

Lundy. The PCR court again denied Porter’s petition. After the denial was affirmed, State

v. Porter, No. A-0530-14T4, 2016 WL 4575702, *3 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Sept. 2,

2016), Porter filed a Section 2254 petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the district court.

After the district court denied Porter’s petition in April 2020, Porter v. Johnson, No. 17-

2796, 2020 WL 2079267, at *1 (D.N.J. Apr. 29, 2020), we granted a certificate of

appealability on Porter’s claims that: (1) he was denied effective assistance of counsel

when trial counsel failed to interview and call Adams and Lundy; and (2) the district

court should have granted an evidentiary hearing to consider Lundy’s proffered

testimony. Both parties agree that the last reasoned state court decision on the merits is

the PCR court’s June 10, 2014 opinion.

                                     II.    Discussion

       The district court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 2241 and 2254. We

have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253. When a district court bases its

decision on the state court record without holding an evidentiary hearing, as is the case

here, we apply a plenary standard of review. Branch v. Sweeney, 758 F.3d 226, 232 (3d

Cir. 2014).

                                              3
       Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (“AEDPA”), a

petitioner is entitled to habeas relief only if the state court decision “was contrary to, or

involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined

by the Supreme Court of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1).

       A decision is “contrary to” established Supreme Court precedent “if the state court

applies a rule that contradicts the governing law set forth in [the Supreme Court’s]

cases.” Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 405 (2000). An application of clearly

established law is “unreasonable” if the court identifies the correct governing rule but

applies it to the facts of the case in a manner that is not merely erroneous, but

“objectively unreasonable.” Id. at 409-10; Yarborough v. Gentry, 540 U.S. 1, 5 (2003). In

other words, “a state prisoner must show that the state court’s ruling on the claim being

presented in federal court was so lacking in justification that there was an error well

understood and comprehended in existing law beyond any possibility for fairminded

disagreement.” Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 103 (2011).

       While our review of a district court’s decision is plenary, the AEDPA requires us

to give considerable deference to the determinations of the state courts. Palmer v.

Hendricks, 592 F.3d 386, 391-92 (3d Cir. 2010).

       Porter claims that the PCR court applied the Supreme Court precedent of

Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), in an objectively unreasonable manner

when analyzing his claims of ineffective assistance for counsel’s failure to investigate

and call Adams and Lundy. Under Strickland, a petitioner alleging ineffective assistance

of counsel must first show that counsel’s performance was deficient. 466 U.S. at 687.

                                               4
“This requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not

functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment.” Id.

Second, a petitioner must show that the deficient performance caused prejudice. Id. “This

requires showing that counsel’s errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a

fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable.” Id. To establish prejudice, “[t]he defendant must

show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors,

the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Id. at 694. “Judicial scrutiny of

counsel’s performance must be highly deferential,” and “the court should recognize that

counsel is strongly presumed to have rendered adequate assistance and made all

significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional judgment.” Id. at 689, 690.

In light of the deference given to the state court under the AEDPA, as well as the

deference given to trial counsel’s decisions under Strickland, our review is “doubly

deferential.” Yarborough, 540 U.S. at 6.

       Porter also claims that the district court abused its discretion by declining to hold

an evidentiary hearing regarding Lundy’s testimony. See Schriro v. Landrigan, 550 U.S.

465, 473 (2007) (providing that whether to hold an evidentiary hearing is within the

discretion of the district court).

                                               5
    A.     The PCR court did not unreasonably apply the performance prong of
Strickland in determining that trial counsel did not provide ineffective assistance for
                        failing to present the alibi testimony

       Porter first argues that the PCR court unreasonably applied the performance prong

of Strickland by concluding that trial counsel’s assistance was not ineffective even

though he failed to investigate Adams’s alibi claim and call Adams as an alibi witness. 1

       During the PCR court’s evidentiary hearing, trial counsel explained his decision

not to call Adams at trial, stating that: (1) he typically did not like to use relatives or close

friends as alibi witnesses because they could be biased; (2) Adams was Porter’s

paramour; (3) Adams was young; and (4) after speaking with Porter about what Adams

remembered, he concluded that she did not have a good recollection of events. Trial

counsel testified that “one of the worst things you can do as a defense attorney in a

homicide case . . . is to put on a bad alibi witness.” App. 160. Counsel further testified

that, instead, he believed it would be prudent to focus on cross-examining Veal on his

identification of Porter.

       The PCR court concluded that counsel’s decision was tactical and sound trial

strategy because Adams “was a paramour of Defendant and in his experience, this would

       1
               Porter’s argument focuses on trial counsel’s failure to explore Adams’s
alibi evidence, but he also briefly argues that counsel provided ineffective assistance by
failing to investigate and call Lundy and Adams regarding the alleged friendship between
Porter and Ashford. As discussed in Section II. B., infra, trial counsel did not prejudice
Porter by failing to investigate or utilize the irrelevant and speculative evidence of the
alleged friendship. Therefore, we need not discuss the decision to exclude the testimony
of Lundy and Adams on this issue under the first Strickland prong. Strickland, 466 U.S.
at 697 (providing that a court may address the performance and prejudice prongs in any
order and need not address both prongs “if the defendant makes an insufficient showing
on one”).
                                               6
not be favorable for a defendant,” and that Porter had told him “she did not have a good

recollection of what happened.” App. 85. The PCR court also concluded after hearing

Adams’s testimony that she was incredible, and it did not believe she was with Porter on

the night in question. Porter argues that Adams’s evidentiary hearing testimony shows

she had a good recollection of the night in question. However, the PCR court’s

conclusion to the contrary was not unreasonable since Adams’s testimony shows that,

other than that Porter picked her up from work at around 10 p.m. and they slept together,

she did not recall many other details from the time in question.

       Based on trial counsel’s significant experience, he believed that Adams would

have been a poor witness and that attacking Veal’s identification of Porter would be more

persuasive to the jury. Such a decision is within the realm of reasonableness and does not

violate the dictates of Strickland. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 691 (“[A] particular

decision not to investigate must be directly assessed for reasonableness in all the

circumstances, applying a heavy measure of deference to counsel’s judgments.”); Lewis

v. Mazurkiewicz, 915 F.2d 106, 111 (3d Cir. 1990) (providing that counsel “may properly

rely on information supplied by the defendant in determining the nature and scope of the

needed pretrial investigation”). In concluding that trial counsel’s decision not to call

Adams as an alibi witness was reasonable and not an error “so serious that counsel was

not functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment,” the

PCR court did not apply the first prong of Strickland in an objectively unreasonable

manner. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. Similarly, after having reviewed the record, and in

light of the significant deference due, we cannot say that the PCR court’s analysis of the

                                              7
first Strickland prong “was so lacking in justification that there was an error well

understood and comprehended in existing law beyond any possibility for fairminded

disagreement.” Harrington, 562 U.S. at 103. Because Porter fails to meet the first prong

of Strickland, we need not reach whether Adams’s exclusion also prejudiced Porter. See

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697.

B.     The PCR court did not unreasonably apply the prejudice prong of Strickland
 in determining that trial counsel did not provide ineffective assistance in failing to
present the friendship evidence and the district court did not abuse its discretion by
              declining to hold an evidentiary hearing on that evidence

       Porter contends that the lack of friendship testimony from Lundy and Adams

prejudiced him in violation of Strickland and that the district court abused its discretion

by failing to address his request for an evidentiary hearing thereon.

       A district court is required to hold an evidentiary hearing only when the petitioner

presents a prima facie showing that “a new hearing would have the potential to advance

the petitioner’s claim.” Siehl v. Grace, 561 F.3d 189, 197 (3d Cir. 2009) (quoting

Campbell v. Vaughn, 209 F.3d 280, 286-87 (3d Cir. 2000)). In other words, the petitioner

must establish that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s

unprofessional errors, the result of [his trial] would have been different.” Id. (alteration in

original) (quoting Hull v. Kyler, 190 F.3d 88, 110 (3d Cir. 1999)). This is the same

inquiry used in the prejudice prong of Strickland. 466 U.S. at 694. Thus, if Porter was not

prejudiced by the exclusion of the friendship testimony because its inclusion could not

have changed the results of an otherwise fair trial, the district court could not have abused

its discretion by declining to hold an evidentiary hearing on the same evidence.

                                               8
       Porter claims that trial counsel’s failure to call Lundy and Adams at trial regarding

the alleged friendship was without justification and that, had counsel produced them,

Veal’s identification of Porter would have been undermined and there would have been a

reasonable probability of a different outcome. Thus, Porter claims that he was prejudiced

by the absence of the friendship evidence and argues that he has made a prima facie

showing that a new hearing would have the potential to advance his claim.

       Regarding the PCR court’s refusal to permit Lundy to testify at the evidentiary

hearing on the alleged friendship between Porter and Ashford and limiting Adams’s

testimony to the alibi evidence, the PCR court ruled that “an evidentiary hearing would

not be helpful” and that counsel’s decision not to proffer Lundy’s friendship testimony

“was likely sound trial strategy that would not have changed the outcome of the

proceedings.” App. 87.

       Even if Lundy and Adams had testified that the friendship existed, any testimony

regarding how Veal might have reacted to Porter if they were in fact friends is pure

speculation which would have been inadmissible. Indeed, the PCR court initially

concluded that the trial court “would not have allowed the testimony because the fact

they were friends is not probative.” App. 112. Moreover, the New Jersey Supreme Court

specifically found that Porter had not established a prima facie showing that a hearing

regarding Lundy and the testimony of friendship was warranted, Porter, 80 A.3d at 740,

and Porter did not present any evidence on remand that would have changed that

conclusion.

                                             9
       Thus, Porter has failed to establish that the PCR court unreasonably applied the

prejudice prong of Strickland in determining that trial counsel was not ineffective for

failing to investigate and call Lundy and Adams to testify regarding the alleged

friendship, as this evidence would have been speculative, irrelevant, and inadmissible in

nature. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694 (providing that under the prejudice prong, “[t]he

defendant must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s

unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different”). Counsel’s

failure to present the irrelevant evidence did not deprive Porter of a fair, reliable trial and,

thus, did not prejudice him under Strickland. Id. at 687.

       Given that the friendship evidence could not have changed the outcome of the

case, the district court did not abuse its discretion by not holding an evidentiary hearing

on this evidence since it had no potential to advance Porter’s claims. Siehl, 561 F.3d at

197.

       Because the PCR court did not apply the prejudice prong of Strickland in an

objectively unreasonable manner, and the district court did not abuse its discretion by

declining to hold an evidentiary hearing on irrelevant information, habeas relief is also

not warranted on these grounds.

                                      III.   Conclusion

       For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the district court’s denial of Porter’s

Section 2254 petition for a writ of habeas corpus.

                                              10