Court Opinion

ID: 9609688
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-22 03:30:01.743918+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:02:51.741124
License: Public Domain

Utter, J.
(concurring) — I concur in the result reached by the majority, but think it is too broad. The double jeopardy question is controlled by State v. Roybal, 82 Wn.2d 577, 512 P.2d 718 (1973). The two offenses in this case were not based on the "same evidence". While subsequent rape may provide the requisite intent for the indecent liberties charge, majority opinion at 933, it is quite clear that "the required evidence under either charge would be insufficient to convict under the other." Roybal, at 582.
Roybal, however, is not applicable only when consecutive sentences exist. The opinion is silent as to such a qualification, and its reasoning does not rest on whether the sentences are concurrent or consecutive. The Roybal test is applicable in both contexts. As the court in State v. Johnson, 92 Wn.2d 671, 679, 600 P.2d 1249 (1979), stated:
Conviction in itself, even without imposition of sentence, carries an unmistakable onus which has a punitive effect and the presence of multiple convictions is apt to affect the minimum sentence set by the parole board. Further, if a prosecutor may not secure a subsequent conviction for the same offense, he should not be permitted to secure a concurrent conviction.
If a defendant were convicted of both the greater and lesser included offense on the "same evidence", the defendant would be subject to multiple punishments regardless of whether the sentences ran concurrently. This is not such a case; Roybal dictates the conclusion that the defendant *939Johnson has not been subjected to double jeopardy.