Court Opinion

ID: 4253384
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-03-09 21:00:37.529748+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:44:12.957104
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                          FILED
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAR 9 2018
                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

    CESAR ALCARAZ-ENRIQUEZ,                         No. 15-71553

                        Petitioner,
                                                    Agency No. A 75-191-250
     v.
                                                    MEMORANDUM*
    JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, Attorney
    General,

                        Respondent.

                        On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                            Board of Immigration Appeals

                        Argued and Submitted February 15, 2018
                               San Francisco, California

Before: BEA and N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judges, and NYE**, District Judge.

          Petitioner Cesar Alcaraz-Enriquez (“Alcaraz”), a native and citizen of

Mexico, petitions for review of the order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

(“BIA”), which denied his applications for withholding of removal and deferral of

*
      This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except
as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
       The Honorable David Nye, District Judge for the U.S. District Court for the
District of Idaho, sitting by designation.

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removal under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction

under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We grant the petition as to his claim for withholding of

removal only and remand to the BIA for reconsideration of that claim.1

         1. We have jurisdiction to consider Alcaraz’s petition. Although we lack

jurisdiction “to evaluate discretionary decisions by the Attorney General,” 8 U.S.C.

§ 1252(a)(2)(B)(ii), we retain jurisdiction to review “questions of law raised upon a

petition for review,” § 1252(a)(2)(D). See Anaya-Ortiz v. Holder, 594 F.3d 673,

676 (9th Cir. 2010). The specific question here—whether the BIA relied on

improper evidence in reaching its determination—is a “question of law” that this

court has jurisdiction to review. Id. We review legal questions de novo. Pirir-Boc

v. Holder, 750 F.3d 1077, 1081 (9th Cir. 2014).

         2. The BIA erred when it concluded that Alcaraz was convicted of a

“particularly serious crime” and thus barred from seeking withholding of removal.

The BIA’s “particularly serious crime” determination was based, at least in part, on

a probation report, which directly contradicts Alcaraz’s testimony. This was error

for two reasons.

         First, we have repeatedly held that “[w]here the BIA does not make an

explicit adverse credibility finding, [the court] must assume that [the petitioner’s]

factual contentions are true.” Anaya-Ortiz, 594 F.3d at 679 (quoting Navas v. INS,

1
    In light of this disposition, Petitioner’s motion to stay removal is granted.
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217 F.3d 646, 652 n.3 (9th Cir. 2000)); see also Kalubi v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 1134,

1137 (9th Cir. 2004) (“Testimony must be accepted as true in the absence of an

explicit adverse credibility finding.”). Here, the BIA erred when it credited the

probation report over Alcaraz’s testimony without making an explicit adverse

credibility finding as to Alcaraz.

      Second, Congress has specifically provided that an alien in removal

proceedings must be given “a reasonable opportunity to examine the evidence

against the alien, to present evidence on the alien’s own behalf, and to cross-

examine witnesses presented by the Government . . . .” 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(b)(4)(B);

see, e.g., Saidane v. INS, 129 F.3d 1063, 1066 (9th Cir. 1997) (holding that

petitioner was denied due process in a deportation proceeding when the

government “did not make a good faith effort to afford the alien a reasonable

opportunity to confront and to cross-examine the witness against him”). Here,

Alcaraz was never given any sort of opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses

whose testimony was embodied in the probation report, and upon which testimony

the BIA ultimately relied in denying his petition. The BIA’s failure to give

Alcaraz an opportunity to confront such witnesses against him was error.

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      3. Alcaraz’s petition as to his application for deferral of removal under CAT

fails. As the Immigration Judge2 (“IJ”) observed, although Alcaraz “has shown

that he had been subjected to past harm by the police,” he failed to show that “the

harm he suffered is tantamount to torture.” See In re J-E-, 23 I. & N. Dec. 291,

298 (BIA 2002) (finding that because “the act must be specifically intended to

inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering,” certain “rough and deplorable

treatment, such as police brutality, does not amount to torture”). Alcaraz failed to

prove that the BIA’s finding that he suffered only from police mistreatment, and

not “torture,” was unsupported by substantial evidence.

      For the foregoing reasons, we grant the petition as to Alcaraz’s claim for

withholding of removal and remand to the BIA. However, we deny his petition for

deferral of removal under CAT.

      Each party shall bear their own costs.

      PETITION FOR REVIEW GRANTED IN PART, DENIED IN PART;

REMANDED.

2
 Where the BIA adopts and affirms an IJ’s decision with further reasoning, this
court reviews both the decision of the IJ and the BIA. See Kwong v. Holder, 671
F.3d 872, 876 (9th Cir. 2011).
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