Court Opinion

ID: 9966240
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-05-06 15:10:16.274949+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:24:39.518653
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Altomare, 2024-Ohio-1721.]

STATE OF OHIO                     )                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:                NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                         C.A. No.       21CA011827

        Appellee

        v.                                            APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                      ENTERED IN THE
AUSTIN ALTOMARE                                       COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                      COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
        Appellant                                     CASE No.   20CR102328

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: May 6, 2024

        HENSAL, Judge.

        {¶1}     Austin Altomare appeals his convictions by the Lorain County Court of Common

Pleas. This Court affirms.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}     On March 20, 2020, at approximately 11:45 p.m., a Lorain police officer heard

gunshots that sounded like they were coming from an area north of his patrol area. The officer

advised dispatch and drove toward the neighborhood where he believed the gunshots originated.

On East 29th Street, the officer found a man in a state of partial undress standing in a driveway

with his hands raised. The officer could see from his cruiser that a firearm lay on the ground next

to the man. The officer exited his vehicle while drawing his own weapon and approached the man,

who directed the officer’s attention to the gun on the ground. As the officer ordered the man to

step away from the weapon, the man told him that he had just murdered his wife. The man took

further steps toward the officer and again told him that he had just shot his wife.
                                                  2

       {¶3}    The officer handcuffed the man, who identified himself as Mr. Altomare, and once

another officer arrived, he secured Mr. Altomare in the back of a cruiser. The officer entered the

house and went upstairs to the second-floor apartment, where the door was open. He found

evidence of a struggle in the kitchen. In the living room, he found a female seated on the couch

with an apparent gunshot wound to the head. It appeared that the woman had labored breathing at

the time, but the officer could not approach because a large pit bull was curled in her lap, growling.

Once the dog was secured, paramedics transported the woman from the apartment. She succumbed

to her injuries soon after. Meanwhile, Mr. Altomare was taken into custody and interviewed by a

detective. During that interview, he identified himself as the shooter on numerous occasions.

       {¶4}    Mr. Altomare was charged with murder in violation of Revised Code Section

2903.02(A) and three counts of murder in violation of Section 2903.02(B). Mr. Altomare was also

charged with involuntary manslaughter in violation of Section 2903.04(A), felonious assault in

violation of Sections 2903.11(A)(1) and 2903.11(A)(2), and having a weapon under disability in

violation of Section 2923.13(A)(4).       Each of these charges was accompanied by firearm

specifications under Section 2941.141(A) and Section 2941.145(A). In addition, Mr. Altomare

was charged with possession of drugs in violation of Section 2925.11(A), using weapons while

intoxicated in violation of Section 2923.15(A), and illegal use or possession of drug paraphernalia

in violation of Section 2925.14.

       {¶5}     Mr. Altomare moved to suppress all of the statements that he made to police,

arguing that he was not informed of his rights pursuant to Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

or that he did not knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waive his rights; that he was denied his

right to counsel; and that his statements were not voluntary because he was sleep-deprived and

under the influence of drugs. The trial court denied his motion to suppress. Eight months before
                                                 3

trial, Mr. Altomare’s attorney also filed a “Motion Seeking Order for Access to Client,” in which

he maintained that he should be permitted “unrestricted” access to Mr. Altomare in jail “beyond

the times when attorneys are not permitted access.” The trial court denied that motion as well.

       {¶6}    Before the trial court instructed the jury, the State dismissed the misdemeanor

charges and some of the firearm specifications. The jury found Mr. Altomare guilty of the

remaining charges and specifications. The trial court merged counts two, three, four, five, and six

and their remaining firearm specifications into count one, murder under Section 2903.02(A), and

its specification. The trial court sentenced Mr. Altomare to a stated prison term of fifteen years to

life for murder. The trial court also sentenced him to prison terms of thirty months and eleven

months, respectively, for the convictions for having a weapon under disability and possession of

drugs. Those prison terms were to be served concurrently with each other but consecutively to the

murder sentence. Mr. Altomare appealed, raising five assignments of error.

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED MR. ALTOMARE’S SIXTH AMENDMENT
       RIGHT TO COUNSEL WHEN IT DENIED COUNSEL ACCESS TO HIS
       CLIENT.

       {¶7}    In his first assignment of error, Mr. Altomare argues that by denying his motion for

unrestricted access to his client, the trial court denied him effective assistance of counsel. This

Court does not agree.

       {¶8}    In Geders v. United States, 425 U.S. 80 (1976), the Supreme Court concluded that

a defendant’s right to counsel under the Sixth Amendment was violated by a court order that

prohibited him from speaking with counsel during an overnight trial recess that bridged the gap

between his direct and cross-examination testimony. Id. at 91. Under those circumstances, the

Supreme Court noted that
                                                 4

       [t]o the extent that conflict remains between the defendant’s right to consult with
       his attorney during a long overnight recess in the trial, and the prosecutor's desire
       to cross-examine the defendant without the intervention of counsel, with the risk of
       improper “coaching,” the conflict must, under the Sixth Amendment, be resolved
       in favor of the right to the assistance and guidance of counsel.

Id. Twelve years later, the Supreme Court considered another case in light of its intervening

decision in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). In Perry v. Leeke, 488 U.S. 272 (1989),

the Supreme Court considered whether restricting access to counsel during a fifteen-minute recess

required the same result. Id. at 274. The Supreme Court noted that Geders, which did not address

whether the defendant suffered actual prejudice, was consistent with Strickland in that regard. Id.

at 279-280. Noting that “direct governmental interference with the right to counsel is a different

matter[,]” the court reasoned that “‘[a]ctual or constructive denial of the assistance of counsel

altogether’ * * * is not subject to the kind of prejudice analysis that is appropriate in determining

whether the quality of a lawyer’s performance itself has been constitutionally ineffective.” Id.,

quoting Strickland at 692.

       {¶9}    In Perry, however, the Supreme Court reached a different result, holding that the

Constitution “does not compel every trial judge to allow the defendant to consult with his lawyer

while his testimony is in progress if the judge decides that there is a good reason to interrupt the

trial for a few minutes.” Id. at 284-85. The difference between the two cases, as the Ohio Supreme

Court has explained, is that a Geders violation involves “a complete deprivation of access to

counsel.” State v. Conway, 108 Ohio St.3d 214, 2006-Ohio-791, ¶ 95. Not every restriction on

counsel’s ability to counsel with a defendant, therefore, violates the Sixth Amendment right to

counsel. Morris v. Slappy, 461 U.S. 1, 11 (1983). The Supreme Court of Ohio has, therefore,

“rejected attempts to extend Geders to cases involving less than a sustained deprivation of all

access to counsel.” State v. Hancock, 108 Ohio St.3d 57, 2006-Ohio-160, ¶ 112. When a trial
                                                  5

court denies a defendant’s request to be held in a facility closer to counsel, for example, a complete

deprivation of access to counsel has not occurred, and it will not be presumed that the defendant

was prejudiced by the interference. See State v. Sanders, 92 Ohio St.3d 245, 276-278 (2001); State

v Coleman, 85 Ohio St.3d 129, 143-144 (1999).

       {¶10} According to Mr. Altomare’s motion, the correctional facility where he was held

pending trial agreed to permit his attorney “unrestricted” access beyond the limitations that were

ordinarily placed upon all attorneys. His motion also explained that, apparently due to a situation

that arose in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, his “unrestricted” access was later

curtailed. Mr. Altomare did not maintain that he had suffered a sustained deprivation of all access

to counsel. Indeed, he did not maintain that he had suffered a deprivation of access at all beyond

the normal restrictions imposed on all individuals incarcerated in the correctional facility where

he was housed. He further has not argued that normal restrictions at that time were unduly

restrictive on account of any COVID-19 protocol then in place. Under these circumstances, we

cannot conclude that the trial court’s decision to deny him further unrestricted access was “a

sustained deprivation of all access to counsel” that amounted to a Geders violation. See Hancock

at ¶ 112.

       {¶11} Mr. Altomare has also argued that he need not show prejudice in connection with

the trial court’s denial of his motion for unrestricted access. Based on this Court’s conclusion that

he did not suffer a sustained deprivation of all access to counsel, however, the Geders rule does

not apply. Mr. Altomare has not argued that he was prejudiced by the trial court’s decision, and

this Court will not construct an argument regarding prejudice on his behalf. See State v. Adkins,

9th Dist. Wayne No. 22AP0022, 2023-Ohio-3000, ¶ 33. Mr. Altomare’s first assignment of error

is overruled.
                                                  6

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING MR. ALTOMARE’S MOTION TO
       SUPPRESS BECAUSE THE EVIDENCE SEIZED WAS THE FRUIT OF AN
       UNCONSTITUTIONAL SEARCH AND SEIZURE IN VIOLATION OF
       DEFENDANT’S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS.

       {¶12} Mr. Altomare’s second assignment of error is that the trial court erred by denying

his motion to suppress his statements made at the scene and during the course of the interview that

occurred after his arrest. This Court does not agree.

       {¶13} Mr. Altomare appears to assert that the statements that he made to Officer Ball at

the scene should have been suppressed because he was not informed of his rights under Miranda

v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966). Statements that are unsolicited and spontaneous, however, are

not the product of interrogation, and Miranda does not apply in that situation. State v. Neyland,

139 Ohio St.3d 353, 2014-Ohio-1914, ¶ 119. Mr. Altomare has not developed an argument on

appeal in support of his argument that his statements to the officer who arrived first at the scene

should have been suppressed, and this Court will not construct one on his behalf. See State v.

Tighe, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27779, 2016-Ohio-7031, ¶ 22.

       {¶14} Mr. Altomare also appears to suggest that the trial court erred by concluding that

the statements made during the interview after his arrest should be suppressed because he was

sleep-deprived and under the influence of drugs. In this appeal, Mr. Altomare has not developed

this argument, and this Court declines to construct that argument on his behalf. See id. at ¶ 22.

       {¶15} With respect to the voluntariness of his statements, Mr. Altomare’s argument is

based on evidence that was not in the record when the trial court denied the motion to suppress.

Mr. Altomare acknowledges that the evidence to which he points in support of his arguments

consists of his trial testimony and an affidavit submitted to the trial court in support of a motion to

renew the motion to suppress. To the extent that Mr. Altomare attempts to support his argument
                                                 7

with reference to his trial testimony, that evidence cannot be considered when reviewing the trial

court’s decision denying his motion to suppress. “When reviewing the trial court's decision to

deny a motion to suppress, this Court must confine our review to the evidence presented during

the pretrial suppression hearing, ‘because such evidence was the only evidence before the trial

court when it ruled on the motion.’” State v. Turner, 9th Dist. Summit No. 28775, 2018-Ohio-

3898, ¶ 11, quoting State v. Weese, 9th Dist. Summit No. 20769, 2002-Ohio-3750, ¶ 14 fn.2. Nor

can the evidence submitted in support of his motion to “renew” his motion to suppress after the

trial court’s ruling be considered in connection with the suppression ruling itself. See id. That

motion was, in effect, a motion to reconsider the trial court’s suppression ruling, and Mr. Altomare

has not assigned error to the trial court’s order that denied that motion. His second assignment of

error is therefore overruled.

                                ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

       THE VERDICT IN THIS CASE IS AGAINST THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE
       EVIDENCE AND SHOULD BE REVERSED BECAUSE IT VIOLATES THE
       FIFTH, SIXTH, AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED
       STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I, SECTION 10, OF THE
       CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF OHIO.

       {¶16} In his third assignment of error, Mr. Altomare maintains that his conviction for

possession of drugs is supported by insufficient evidence. This Court does not agree.

       {¶17} “Whether a conviction is supported by sufficient evidence is a question of law that

this Court reviews de novo.” State v. Williams, 9th Dist. Summit No. 24731, 2009-Ohio-6955, ¶

18, citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997). The relevant inquiry is whether the

prosecution has met its burden of production by presenting sufficient evidence to sustain a

conviction. Thompkins at 390 (Cook, J., concurring). For purposes of a sufficiency analysis, this

Court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State. Jackson v. Virginia, 443
                                                 8

U.S. 307, 319 (1979). We do not evaluate credibility, and we make all reasonable inferences in

favor of the State. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 273 (1991). The evidence is sufficient if it

allows the trier of fact to reasonably conclude that the essential elements of the crime were proved

beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.

       {¶18} Mr. Altomare was convicted of possessing drugs in violation of Section

2925.11(A), which prohibits any person from knowingly obtaining, possessing, or using a

controlled substance. In support of his sufficiency argument, Mr. Altomare argues only that “JB

testified that the drugs were his, [and] that he provided all of the drugs.” This summary of the

evidence is incorrect. Although J.B. testified that he brought some drugs with him that night, he

also testified that Mr. Altomare and the victim of the shooting provided the LSD that they used.

He testified that he saw Mr. Altomare and the victim use what he believed to be crushed Ecstasy,

which he did not provide. In addition, Section 2925.11(A) prohibits both possession and use of a

controlled substance, and both J.B. and Mr. Altomare testified that Mr. Altomare used LSD before

the shooting. Viewing this evidence in the light most favorable to the State, the jury could

reasonably conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Mr. Altomare was guilty of possessing a

controlled substance under Section 2925.11(A). Mr. Altomare’s third assignment of error is

overruled.

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV

       THE CONVICTIONS ARE AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE
       EVIDENCE IN VIOLATION OF THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE 14TH
       AMENDMENT TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION AND OF THE OHIO
       CONSTITUTION.

       {¶19} Mr. Altomare’s fourth assignment of error is that his convictions for murder and

felonious assault are against the manifest weight of the evidence because the evidence indicates

that J.B., not Mr. Altomare, was the shooter. This Court does not agree.
                                                 9

       {¶20} When considering whether a conviction is against the manifest weight of the

evidence, this Court must:

       review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider
       the credibility of witnesses and determine whether, in resolving conflicts in the
       evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest
       miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.

State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340 (9th Dist.1986). A reversal on this basis is reserved for

the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction. Id., citing State

v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175 (1st Dist.1983). As with any element of an offense identity

may be proved by direct or circumstantial evidence, which do not differ with respect to probative

value. See State v. Flynn, 9th Dist. Medina No. 06CA0096-M, 2007-Ohio-6210, ¶ 12. See also

State v. Treesh, 90 Ohio St.3d 460, 485 (2001), citing Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 at paragraph one

of the syllabus.

       {¶21} Officer Jamie Ball, who was the first officer to respond to the area where shots were

fired, testified that as he pulled up to the address where the shooting occurred, he saw a partially

undressed man standing in the driveway with his hands up. A firearm lay on the ground next to

the man, who directed Officer Ball’s attention to the gun. Officer Ball testified that he ordered the

man to step toward him and away from the gun. The man, who identified himself as Mr. Altomare,

told Officer Ball, “I just murdered my wife. Just arrest me.” Officer Ball recalled that he continued

to call Mr. Altomare toward him, and Mr. Altomare again stated, “I just shot my wife.” Officer

Ball testified that Mr. Altomare was “eerily calm” and seemed eager to talk. He observed no

indications that Mr. Altomare was under the influence of drugs, although Mr. Altomare told him

that he had been using LSD.

       {¶22} Once backup arrived and Mr. Altomare was secured in the back of a cruiser, Officer

Ball entered the residence with Mr. Altomare’s permission. Officer Ball testified that he noticed
                                                10

spent shell casings on the driveway as he approached, as well as two spent shell casings on the

landing that led to the upstairs apartment. According to Officer Ball, the door to the apartment

was open, and it appeared that a struggle had taken place. He discovered C.V. on the couch with

an apparent gunshot wound to her forehead. Officer Ball testified that there was a large amount

of blood in her lap, on the couch, and on the back of the couch. He noted that it appeared that C.V.

had been shot while seated in the position in which she was found. Continuing to search the

apartment, Officer Ball found a spent shell casing in the living room near C.V.’s body, a live round

of ammunition in the kitchen, and another live round in what appeared to be a child’s bedroom.

       {¶23} Detective Christopher Kovach was assigned to document, gather, and process

evidence at the scene. He testified that the gun found next to Mr. Altomare was a Glock .40 caliber

semiautomatic. When the gun was collected, the empty magazine was found next to it on the

ground. Detective Kovach also described unfired bullets and spent casings that were found in the

apartment, noting that the unfired bullet in the child’s bedroom was a Colt .40 caliber Smith &

Wesson, as was the unfired bullet found in the kitchen. He testified that the casings found outside

were the same make and type. Detective Kovach recalled that after he found a hole in the back

couch cushion on the left-hand side, he searched unsuccessfully for a bullet fragment in and behind

the couch. He also found a spent casing in the living room that was consistent with a round fired

toward the couch where C.V. was found. Detective Kovach testified that a window located directly

behind the couch was open when police entered the apartment. Like Officer Ball, Detective

Kovach testified that it was apparent that there had been a struggle in the kitchen, noting the

presence of a broken chair.

       {¶24} Detective Kovach testified that he found substances that appeared to be drugs and

various items of drug paraphernalia in the living room. He recalled that he also found an ID
                                                 11

belonging to J.B. in a wallet on the television stand and a backpack on the floor leaning against a

recliner. Detective Kovach testified that inside the backpack, he found a 9mm semiautomatic

handgun in a holster. The gun contained nine rounds, one of which was in the chamber. He

recalled that after the police secured the scene and allowed C.V.’s mother and Mr. Altomare’s

father to access the apartment, they brought additional evidence to the attention of police. That

additional evidence included more .40 caliber shell casings and what appeared to be a bullet

fragment that was recovered from under the television stand. In summary, Detective Kovach

testified that four shell casings found outside the apartment and three found inside the apartment

were all Colt .40 caliber Smith & Wesson casings. He explained that there appeared to have been

a minimum of eight rounds fired in the apartment and that the casings found in the child’s bedroom

and damage identified in the area of the kitchen was consistent with a shooter standing in the

bedroom and firing toward the kitchen area.

       {¶25} Detective John Dougherty interviewed Mr. Altomare. He testified that he advised

Mr. Altomare of his Miranda rights at the scene and before the interview. He recalled that Mr.

Altomare appeared to be calm and that he was lucid and awake throughout the interview. He did

not notice any indication that Mr. Altomare was under the influence of drugs. Detective Dougherty

testified that Mr. Altomare responded appropriately to questions, and he recalled that Mr. Altomare

seemed coherent and understandable. During the interview, Mr. Altomare admitted at least sixteen

times that he shot C.V., and he stated on multiple occasions that although J.B. had been there

earlier in the evening, he had left before the shooting.

       {¶26} Detective Dougherty testified that C.V. sustained a gunshot wound to the forehead,

left of center, and the bullet traveled at a downward angle. He noted that stippling would be present

if the shooter were near the victim when the shot was fired. Dr. Frank Miller, the Lorain County
                                                  12

Coroner, testified similarly. According to his testimony, the bullet entered C.V.’s left frontal scalp

and traveled front-to-back, downward, and to the right before exiting the skull. He noted that there

was stippling present all around the entrance wound, which indicated that the muzzle of the gun

was relatively perpendicular to C.V. Dr. Miller estimated that based on the stippling pattern, the

gun was probably one or two feet away from C.V., and he testified that the bullet could not have

passed through anything else before it struck her. According to Dr. Miller, the photographs taken

at the scene were consistent with C.V. being shot while seated where she was found, and he noted

that C.V. could not have made any purposeful movements after sustaining her injuries. Dr. Miller

testified that the gunshot wound was consistent with what would be inflicted by a .40 caliber

firearm, although he acknowledged that it would also be consistent with a 9mm firearm.

       {¶27} J.B., a friend of both Mr. Altomare and C.V., testified that he was with the couple

on the evening of C.V.’s death. According to J.B., Mr. Altomare invited him to hang out on March

20, 2020, and he arrived at their apartment between 7:30 and 7:45 p.m. He anticipated that the

plan for the evening was to hang out and use psychedelic drugs. He characterized Mr. Altomare

as a habitual drug user and acknowledged that he may have been as well. J.B. testified that he

brought MDMA and concentrated THC with him, but that Mr. Altomare and C.V. supplied LSD

and marijuana in leaf form. J.B. also acknowledged that he brought a firearm with him that night,

as was his pattern. He testified that he arrived with his 9mm gun holstered on his hip, but he

explained that he placed it in his backpack soon after and did not remove it.

       {¶28} According to J.B., the friends ate and used marijuana, then played rave music while

each took seven hits of the LSD that Mr. Altomare and C.V. provided. According to J.B., they

started to experience the effects of the drugs approximately an hour later. J.B. testified that he also

saw Mr. Altomare and C.V. take what he believed to be crushed Ecstasy. He stated that he did not
                                                13

provide Ecstasy and did not partake in it. J.B. explained that after he saw his friends use the

Ecstasy, he saw Mr. Altomare standing in the kitchen with the .40 caliber firearm that he owned.

According to J.B., Mr. Altomare was pacing and “seemed agitated.” J.B. testified that although

he tried to talk to Mr. Altomare, Mr. Altomare would not respond to him specifically. Instead, Mr.

Altomare and C.V. went into the bedroom to talk. J.B. testified that after what seemed to be a

heated conversation, Mr. Altomare came into the living room and held the muzzle of his firearm

to J.B.’s head as he walked past.

       {¶29} J.B. testified that Mr. Altomare left the living room, and he recalled that he heard

three or four gunshots from another part of the apartment. J.B. recalled that he went into the

kitchen to silence the smoke detector, which had activated. He testified that Mr. Altomare returned

to the kitchen, told him to leave, then became angry. According to J.B., Mr. Altomare struck him

with a kitchen chair, swung at him with a closed fist, then picked up a knife and told him to leave.

J.B. testified that C.V. threw his car keys to him and he left through the kitchen door. He recalled

that he did not have time to retrieve his backpack, and he testified that he had not removed his

firearm from it during the course of the evening. J.B. also testified that at no time did he and Mr.

Altomare struggle over Mr. Altomare’s firearm. J.B. testified that as he went down the stairs, he

noticed that Mr. Altomare was following him. He also testified that C.V. leaned out the open

window behind the couch to speak to him before he got into his vehicle.

       {¶30} J.B. recalled that after he drove part of the way home, he realized that he was under

the effects of the drugs he had taken and should not have been driving. He testified that he called

a friend, who agreed to pick him up from the parking lot adjacent to a bakery. The friend, M.W.,

also testified. He described J.B.’s demeanor as “overwhelmed” and “stressed,” and he recalled

that J.B. relayed what had just happened:
                                                14

        So, basically, what he had told me, at that time, was [Mr. Altomare] started firing
        the gun in the apartment. [J.B.] was trying to tell him to stop. * * * Things got
        physical. He got chased out of the house with a knife and he fled. He got outta
        there.

J.B.’s cellular phone records from the evening were consistent with the course of events that he

and M.W. described.

        {¶31} Mr. Altomare testified in his own defense. In some respects, his testimony was

consistent with J.B.’s testimony: he testified that the three friends planned to use some drugs on

the evening of the shooting, and he described their use of LSD. He insisted, however, that the

window behind the couch was painted shut and had never been opened. According to Mr.

Altomare, it was J.B. who provided the LSD, and both he and C.V. noticed something unusual

about it, although he did not describe a taste consistent with contaminants. Mr. Altomare testified

that he had a gun in his hand later in the evening, but he explained that it was because J.B. was

wearing one on his hip throughout the night. According to Mr. Altomare, J.B. was “acting

depressed” and “talking crazy.” Mr. Altomare explained that the two men had an altercation

because J.B. “was talking about killing us and killing himself.” Mr. Altomare acknowledged that

he was not fully aware of what was happening, but he testified that he and J.B. fought over the gun

in Mr. Altomare’s hand, which fired as a result. He also testified that he hit J.B. with a kitchen

chair, but according to Mr. Altomare, the gun fired again when that happened.

        {¶32} Mr. Altomare testified that his memory about what happened next was limited.

Based on the fact that shell casings were found outside, he testified that he believed he must have

shot at J.B. He also testified that he assumed that he went back into the house and found C.V.,

who had already been shot. Mr. Altomare explained that he had no memory of what happened

after that.
                                                 15

       {¶33} During cross-examination, Mr. Altomare agreed that he had no memory of C.V.

being shot. He expressed the opinion that she did not shoot herself, but he acknowledged that

because he had no memory of the shooting, he could not rule himself out as the shooter. Mr.

Altomare also agreed with the position that there was no evidence that J.B. was the shooter, and

he acknowledged that he was not testifying that J.B. killed C.V. He also acknowledged that shots

that struck the refrigerator and kitchen wall were not the shots that killed her. Mr. Altomare’s

guess was that C.V. was shot by accident, but he stated, “I don’t know if I actually did it.”

       {¶34} Mr. Altomare suggests that his convictions are against the manifest weight of the

evidence because, with respect to the conflicts between his testimony and J.B.’s testimony, J.B.

was not a credible witness. With regard to the identity of the shooter, however, Mr. Altomare’s

testimony was not in conflict with J.B.’s testimony. Neither man identified the shooter—according

to J.B.’s testimony, because he was no longer present at the scene; according to Mr. Altomare’s

testimony, because he did not remember what happened. Mr. Altomare acknowledged that he

could not testify that J.B. was the shooter and, conversely, could not testify that he was not. To

the extent that Mr. Altomare’s testimony implied that C.V. was shot accidentally when the firearm

discharged during a struggle, the physical evidence contradicts that hypothesis. In addition, both

Mr. Altomare’s spontaneous statements after the shooting and his responses to the questions posed

to him during his interview were unequivocal: on the night of the shooting, he repeatedly stated

that he shot C.V.

       {¶35} This Court cannot conclude that this is the exceptional case in which the evidence

weighs heavily against the convictions. See Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d at 340. Mr. Altomare’s

convictions are not against the manifest weight of the evidence, and his third assignment of error

is overruled.
                                                 16

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR V

       THE TRIAL COURT’S ERRORS, WHEN TAKEN TOGETHER AND
       CONSIDERING THE CUMULATIVE ERROR DOCTRINE, DEPRIVED
       APPELLANT OF A FAIR TRIAL AS GUARANTEED BY THE FOURTEENTH
       AMENDMENT OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE
       I, SECTION SIXTEEN OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION DUE PROCESS
       CLAUSE.

       {¶36} Mr. Altomare’s fifth assignment of error argues that even if none of his alleged

errors, standing alone, warrants reversal of his convictions, the cumulative effect of those errors

deprived him of a fair trial. “Under the doctrine of cumulative error, ‘a conviction will be reversed

when the cumulative effect of errors in a trial deprives a defendant of a fair trial even though each

of the numerous instances of trial-court error does not individually constitute cause for reversal.’”

State v. Froman, 162 Ohio St.3d 435, 2020-Ohio-4523, ¶ 156, quoting State v. Powell, 132 Ohio

St.3d 233, 2012-Ohio-2577, ¶ 223. Because Mr. Altomare has not demonstrated the presence of

multiple errors, however, the cumulative error doctrine does not apply in this case. See State v.

Hunter, 131 Ohio St.3d 67, 2011-Ohio-6524, ¶ 132. Mr. Altomare’s fifth assignment of error is

overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶37} Mr. Altomare’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Lorain

County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                                Judgment affirmed.

       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
                                                17

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period

for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to

mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the

docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.

                                                     JENNIFER HENSAL
                                                     FOR THE COURT

CARR, P. J.
FLAGG LANZINGER, J.
CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

GIOVANNA V. BREMKE, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

J.D. TOMLINSON, Prosecuting Attorney, and LINDSEY C. POPROCKI, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for Appellee.