Court Opinion

ID: 2672161
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-05-01 18:44:47.385848+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:19:53.204959
License: Public Domain

Case: 13-14891     Date Filed: 05/01/2014   Page: 1 of 4

                                                          [DO NOT PUBLISH]

               IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                        FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                          ________________________

                                No. 13-14891
                            Non-Argument Calendar
                          ________________________

                      D.C. Docket No. 1:12-cv-20990-FAM

LIG INSURANCE CO. LTD.,
other, LG Electronics Miami, Inc.,
                                                   Plaintiff-Appellee,

                        versus

INTER-FLORIDA CONTAINER TRANSPORT, INC.,

                                                    Defendant,

10997 PROJECT, INC.,
LEONEL DIAZ,

                                                    Defendants-Appellants.

                          ________________________

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Southern District of Florida
                         ________________________

                                   (May 1, 2014)
                    Case: 13-14891         Date Filed: 05/01/2014    Page: 2 of 4

Before TJOFLAT, JORDAN, and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

          In this admiralty case, Defendants Leonel Diaz and 10997 Project, Inc.

appeal the district court’s determination that they were each liable for breach of

contract damages as “alter-egos” of Defendant Inter-Florida Container Transport,

Inc. (“Inter-Florida”).1 No reversible error has been shown; we affirm.

          This case involves the theft of three shipping containers full of computer

monitors from a storage facility leased and used by Inter-Florida. Plaintiff LIG

Insurance Company, Ltd. (“LIG”), as insurance carrier for the intended recipient of

the monitors, paid a claim in excess of $500,000 for the lost goods.

          LIG, as a subrogated insurer, then filed a complaint against Inter-Florida,

10997 Project, and Diaz, asserting claims for (1) breach of contract, (2) bailment,

(3) negligence, and (4) liability for alter ego and instrumentality of fraud.

          After a non-jury trial, the district court concluded that Inter-Florida was

liable for a breach of contract under the Carriage of Goods by the Sea Act, 46

U.S.C. § 30701 (“COGSA”). 2 Because COGSA provides an exclusive remedy, the

district court dismissed LIG’s claims for bailment and negligence. The district

1
    Inter-Florida is not a party to this appeal.
2
    Defendants do not appeal the district court’s ruling on COGSA liability.
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              Case: 13-14891     Date Filed: 05/01/2014    Page: 3 of 4

court then concluded that Diaz and 10997 Project were “alter egos” of Inter-

Florida and, thus, jointly liable for the breach of contract damages.

      To determine whether to pierce the corporate veil and reach a corporate

defendant’s “alter ego,” we look to the district court’s factual findings. See

Talen’s Landing, Inc. v. M/V Venture, II, 656 F.2d 1157, 1160 (5th Cir. Unit A

Sept. 1981). Factors that courts consider when deciding whether to pierce the

corporate veil often include, among other things: (1) common directors and

officers between corporations; (2) inadequate capitalization; (3) one corporation’s

use of another corporation’s property and assets as its own; (4) informal inter-

corporate loan transactions; (5) overlapping decision-making between

corporations; (6) failure to observe formal legal requirements; and (7) “existence of

fraud, wrongdoing or injustice to third parties.” See id.; Lobegeiger v. Celebrity

Cruises, Inc., No. 11-21620-CIV-ALTONGAGA/ SIMONTON, 2011 U.S. Dist.

LEXIS 93933 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 2011); In re M/V Rickmers Genoa Litig., 622 F.

Supp. 2d 56, 75 (S.D.N.Y. 2009).

      Defendants dispute none of the district court’s factual findings, all of which

support the district court’s determination that Diaz and 10997 Project were alter

egos of Inter-Florida. We will set out some examples of the found facts. First,

Inter-Florida and 10997 Project share overlapping directors and officers, with Diaz

being a 50% owner and president of 10997 Project and serving as a director, vice

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               Case: 13-14891     Date Filed: 05/01/2014    Page: 4 of 4

president, secretary and treasurer of Inter-Florida. Meanwhile, Diaz’s wife is the

owner and president of Inter-Florida. The two companies also ignore corporate

formalities, including holding no board meetings.

      Both 10997 Project and Inter-Florida are grossly undercapitalized, with

10997 Project’s only asset being the storage facility and Inter-Florida’s only asset

being a checking account. 10997 Project has no income, no bank account, and no

employees.

      Inter-Florida leases the storage facility from 10997 Project through an

informal unwritten agreement. And a third entity -- which also employs Diaz’s

wife -- pays both 10997 Project’s property taxes and Inter-Florida’s rent payments

to 10997 Project.

      The record also evidences an overlap in the decision-making authority

between the two companies. Although Diaz’s wife and daughter (who also serves

as vice president of Inter-Florida) were responsible for the storage facility’s

security, Diaz arranged for someone to check periodically on the storage yard.

Diaz also assisted in returning the stolen trailers to the storage yard after they were

found abandoned and empty.

      In the light of this record, the district court committed no error in concluding

that 10997 Project and Diaz were liable as alter egos of Inter-Florida.

      AFFIRMED.

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