Court Opinion

ID: 6698150
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-07-20 22:00:33.268369+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:01:18.894057
License: Public Domain

Seawell, J.
This case brings up a consideration of the conditions upon which the trial court may take a case away from the jury for want of sustaining evidence.
According to the uniform holding of this Court, a case cannot be taken away from the jury when there is more than a scintilla of evidence to sustain the allegations of the complaint. Gates v. Max, 125 N. C., 139, 34 S. E., 266; Cable v. R. R., 122 N. C., 892, 29 S. E., 377; Cox v. R. R., 123 N. C., 604, 31 S. E., 848. “That act” (C. S., 567) “was not intended to deprive parties of the right to trial by jury where there is any evidence . . .” Willis v. R. R., 122 N. C., 905, 908, 29 S. E., 941. If there is such evidence, the quantum which it takes .to produce mental conviction resulting in a verdict is a matter for the jury, and the evidence must be left to it, subject only to the discretion of the trial judge to set aside the verdict in proper cases.
*190Only by a strict adberen.ce to tbis principle can tbe Court bope to preserve tbe right of trial by jury guaranteed by tbe Constitution, Art. I, sec. 19.
In applying tbis principle in cases involving negligence, as well as in others, tbe Court has repeatedly held that on a motion for nonsuit tbe evidence must be taken in the light most favorable to tbe plaintiff. Gladstone v. Swaim, 187 N. C., 712, 122 S. E., 755; Allen v. Garibaldi, 187 N. C., 798, 123 S. E., 66; Godfrey v. Power Co., 190 N. C., 24, 128 S. E., 485; Cabe v. Parker-Graham-Sexton, Inc., 202 N. C., 176, 162 S. E., 223; Gunn v. Taxi Co., 212 N. C., 540, 193 S. E., 747; Leonard v. Ins. Co., 212 N. C., 151, 157, 193 S. E., 166; Pearson v. Luther, 212 N. C., 412, 193 S. E., 139; Gower v. Davidian, 212 N. C., 172, 193 S. E., 28; Hedgecock v. Ins. Co., 212 N. C., 638, 194 S. E., 86; Anderson v. Amusement Co., 213 N. C., 130, 196 S. E., 386; and be is entitled to every reasonable intendment thereon, and every reasonable inference therefrom. Hancock v. Wilson, 211 N. C., 129, 189 S. E., 631; Cole v. R. R., 211 N. C., 591, 191 S. E., 353; C. S., 567. See annotations N. C. Code, Micbie, 1935, sec. 567. Tbe rule is sometimes stated conversely, with perhaps more pointed significance. Upon demurrer, tbe evidence must be taken most strongly against tbe defendant. Gates v. Max, supra; Purnell v. R. R., 122 N. C., 832, 29 S. E., 953.
Tbe rule that tbe evidence must be considered in tbe light most favorable to tbe plaintiff goes even further and applies to tbe testimony of tbe plaintiff herself, although there may be discrepancies and contradictions in it. Matthews v. Cheatham, 210 N. C., 592, 188 S. E., 87; Mulford v. Hotel Co., 213 N. C., 603, 197 S. E., 169; Gunn v. Taxi Co., supra; Ferguson v. Asheville, 213 N. C., 569, 197 S. E., 146; Lumber Co. v. Perry, 212 N. C., 713, 194 S. E., 475. A fortiori, tbe rule must apply to tbe testimony of a witness for plaintiff; Tomberlin v. Bachtel, 211 N. C., 265, 189 S. E., 769; no matter whether to a witness indifferent to 'the result or to one, as here, who is himself charged with tbe negligence.
Tbe plaintiff is not bound by every word uttered by her witness. That would be an absurd and impractical rule, which would probably take tbe vast majority of cases from tbe jury and make tbe judicial investigation of truth an impossibility.
We cannot find where tbe Court has knowingly deviated from these principles. It must be clear, then, without violating them, that tbe Court cannot come to a conclusion based upon an impressionistic view of tbe evidence, en masse, which takes into consideration, consciously or unconsciously, its inconsistencies and contradictions. It cannot institute a comparison between tbe favorable and unfavorable and cancel out favorable factors to reach what it might consider a better result. It *191cannot select, out of confused and inconsistent and contradictory evidence, tbe testimony of any one witness, or any part of bis testimony, as conclusive on tbe plaintiff upon tbe theory that sbe vouches for bis truthfulness, or tbe correctness of bis statement, when there is any evidence from which negligence can be inferred. Tbe reason is simple and is plainly stated in tbe decisions: Tbe jury alone have tbe right to say what part of tbe evidence they will believe. Gunn v. Taxi Co., supra; Shell v. Roseman, 155 N. C., 90, 71 S. E., 86; Ward v. Mfg. Co., 123 N. C., 248, 252, 31 S. E., 495; Smith v. Coach Line, 191 N. C., 589, 132 S. E., 567. In Newby v. Realty Co., 182 N. C., 34, 41, 108 S. E., 323, tbe Court lays down tbe rule from which, as far as we are aware, it has never consciously departed: “Plaintiff also is entitled to tbe most favorable inferences deducible therefrom, considering only so much of tbe evidence as is favorable to the plaintiff and rejecting that which is unfavorable.”
Procedural rules applying to tbe development of a ease on trial such as “tbe plaintiff will not be permitted to contradict her own witness,” and tbe like, have already served their purpose and have come to an end with tbe trial. Here the evidence must be considered objectively, without any obligation of tbe parties thereto as proponents and sponsors, save that which requires tbe court to look at tbe evidence in tbe most favorable light to the plaintiff, with a view of finding whether there is any evidence tending to establish her cause.
In applying this test to the evidence it is also proper to examine the natural and physical evidence in its relation to the oral testimony. In the language of Powers v. Sternberg, 213 N. C., 41, 195 S. E., 88: “There are a few physical facts which speak louder than some of the witnesses.” The physical evidence is sometimes more persuasive than words, since it is free from human prejudice and unaffected by the “personal equation.” Goss v. Williams, 196 N. C., 213, 145 S. E., 169; Burnett v. Williams, 196 N. C., 620, 146 S. E., 533. We shall discuss this evidence as sparingly as possible, but some reference to it has been rendered unavoidable.
The witness, Roy Dindinger, a salesman in the Army Store, was handling and testing an air rifle that had been brought back by a dissatisfied customer. The rifle, or one of similar make, was exhibited to this court without objection and examined. The court is at liberty to form its own conclusions from the evidence before it as to the character of the rifle as a dangerous instrumentality, as a matter of law, and would find no difficulty in following other courts in pronouncing it a dangerous instrumentality to be handled with commensurate care; Pudlo v. Dubiel, 175 N. E., 536 (Mass.) ; Gerbino v. Greenhut, Etc., Co., 152 N. Y. Supp., 502; and that, nothing else appearing, the discharge of a shot *192therefrom in an open store, containing invited customers, is evidence of negligence demanding explanation to relieve the act from such implication. It is not, however, necessary to decide that question as a matter of law here. There is ample evidence from which the jury might determine the character of a rifle capable of projecting, by means of compressed air, leaden shot of the size indicated, with the apparent result.
The witness Dindinger testified as to his examination of the rifle before discharging it, and stated that upon such examination he found no shot in it; but there was a shot left in it, as proved by a subsequent discharge, which raises a very practical question as to the sufficiency of his investigation. This Court has no right to single out the testimony of Dindinger relating to this examination, on the theory that the plaintiff vouches for Dindinger’s truthfulness by introducing him, and to pronounce that examination, as a matter of law, sufficient. It is for the jury to say whether the examination was as perfunctory as it was futile —at any rate, to pass upon its sufficiency.
In that particular, as well as others relating to the critical points of the evidence, the plaintiff is entitled to the inferences to be drawn from the physical facts which plainly contradict the testimony of Dindinger. The fact that he is so contradicted does not necessarily mean .that he intentionally misstated the facts. If the jury accepted the evidence of the physical facts and drew therefrom the inferences which it was their privilege to draw, they might have come to the conclusion that he was mistaken.
Further analyzing this part of the evidence, Dindinger says he pointed the rifle toward the front of the store; but there is evidence that the shot hit the plaintiff’s eye while she was at a distance from the witness in ihe rear of the store. The jury might have found such a ballistic performance incredible.
Defendant argues that the shot ricocheted from the ceiling, but the evidence is that the plaintiff was wearing a hat with a brim four or five inches wide, low on the forehead, and was looking directly toward the man handling the gun. There is evidence that the shot bored a round hole in the center of the lens, from which the jury may well have inferred that the impact was in a line normal to the plane of the lens.
We have tried to appraise the facts in a cold light without reflection on the motives of any party or witness in the case. The Court is neither prosecutor, nor defender, nor jury. Speculations as to why the plaintiff did not call certain witnesses to corroborate her testimony, appropriate perhaps before the jury, where the credibility of the witness is an issue, are usually regarded as advocative in character, and are without significance here.
*193Even if we accept the theory that the shot ricocheted after impact on the ceiling, which the physical evidence tends to contradict, we cannot accept the conclusion that the sequel was so unforseeable as to put the occurrence, as a matter of law, beyond the range of proximate causation, as not being the natural and probable result of the negligent conduct of Dindingqr, if such negligence should be found; and on that question we cannot say that this evidence, considered in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, discloses nothing for the jury to consider.
The judgment of nonsuit is
Reversed.
WinborNE, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.