Court Opinion

ID: 6329501
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-04-04 15:11:13.750553+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:22:52.075932
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Graham, 2022-Ohio-1140.]

               IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                           ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                PORTAGE COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO,                                  CASE NO. 2021-P-0035

                Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                Criminal Appeal from the
        -v-                                     Court of Common Pleas

DAMANTAE D. GRAHAM,
                                                Trial Court No. 2016 CR 00107 E
                Defendant-Appellant.

                                             OPINION

                                    Decided: April 4, 2022
                               Judgment: Reversed and remanded

Victor V. Vigluicci, Portage County Prosecutor, and Pamela J. Holder, Assistant
Prosecutor, 241 South Chestnut Street, Ravenna, OH 44266 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).

Timothy Young, Ohio Public Defender; Michelle Umana and Erika M. LaHote, Assistant
State Public Defenders, 250 East Broad Street, Suite 1400, Columbus, OH 43215 (For
Defendant-Appellant).

Amanda J. Powell, National Juvenile Defender Center, P.O. Box 281, Columbus, OH
43216; Katrina L. Goodjoint and Marsha L. Levick, Juvenile Law Center, 1800 JFK
Boulevard, Suite 1900 B, Philadelphia, PA 19103 (For Amicus, Juvenile Law Center).

MARY JANE TRAPP, J.

        {¶1}    Appellant, Damantae D. Graham (“Mr. Graham”), appeals from the

judgment of the Portage County Court of Common Pleas sentencing him to life

imprisonment without the possibility of parole for aggravated murder following the

Supreme Court of Ohio’s vacation of his death sentence.
        {¶2}   Mr. Graham asserts three assignments of error, contending that (1) the

Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments prohibit a sentence of life imprisonment without the

possibility of parole for offenders who were 21 years old and younger at the time of the

offense; (2) the trial court abused its discretion by failing to grant his request for a

continuance of the resentencing hearing; and (3) the trial court lacked jurisdiction to

resentence him while his application to reopen his direct appeal was pending in the

Supreme Court of Ohio.

        {¶3}   After a careful review of the record and pertinent law, we find as follows:

        {¶4}   (1) The trial court was not divested of jurisdiction to resentence Mr. Graham

based on his filing of an application to reopen his direct appeal in the Supreme Court of

Ohio.

        {¶5}   (2) The trial court abused its discretion by denying Mr. Graham’s request to

continue the resentencing hearing to permit mitigation testimony from one of his expert

witnesses.

        {¶6}   (3) Our disposition of Mr. Graham’s second assignment of error renders his

first assignment of error moot.

        {¶7}   Thus, we reverse the Portage County Court of Common Pleas’ judgment

entry of March 2, 2021, vacate Mr. Graham’s sentence on count 1, and remand for

resentencing pursuant to R.C. 2929.06.

        {¶8}   Our decision must not be taken as a diminishment of the brutal crimes

committed by Mr. Graham. Our determination that the failure to grant a short continuance

so a mitigation expert could testify constituted prejudicial error only mandates a new

sentencing hearing; it does not limit the trial court’s options in reimposing sentence.

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       {¶9}   The Supreme Court of Ohio spared Mr. Graham the death penalty and sent

the case back to the trial court for resentencing. Our role is to review the trial court’s

sentencing process to determine if there were any prejudicial due process errors. We

recognize that a full mitigation hearing was not required following the vacation of Mr.

Graham’s death sentence.       But mitigation testimony from a relevant expert witness

remains vitally important when a trial court is considering any felony sentence, particularly

one as serious as life imprisonment without parole.

                             Substantive and Procedural History

       {¶10} In 2016, Mr. Graham shot and killed 18-year-old college student Nicholas

Massa during the robbery of an apartment in Kent, Ohio. Mr. Graham had turned 19 the

month before he committed the offenses.

       {¶11} Following a jury trial in the Portage County Court of Common Pleas, Mr.

Graham was found guilty of aggravated murder (count 1); three death-penalty

specifications accompanying count 1; aggravated burglary (count 2); aggravated robbery

(count 3); three counts of kidnapping (counts 4, 5, and 6); and six firearm specifications

accompanying the six counts.

       {¶12} The jury recommended that Mr. Graham be sentenced to death on count 1.

The trial court accepted the jury’s recommendation and sentenced Mr. Graham

accordingly. It also imposed an aggregate prison term of 61 years on the remaining

counts and specifications.

       {¶13} Mr. Graham filed a direct appeal of right in the Supreme Court of Ohio,

raising 14 propositions of law. While his appeal was pending, Mr. Graham instituted

postconviction proceedings in the trial court alleging 48 grounds for relief. In December

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2020, the Supreme Court of Ohio affirmed Mr. Graham’s convictions, vacated his death

sentence, and remanded the matter to the trial court for resentencing consistent with R.C.

2929.06. See State v. Graham, 164 Ohio St.3d 187, 2020-Ohio-6700, 172 N.E.3d 841,

¶ 217 (“Graham I”).

                                    Prehearing Matters

       {¶14} The Supreme Court of Ohio’s mandate was filed in the trial court on January

6, 2021. On the same date, Mr. Graham, through counsel, filed a motion for appointment

of counsel for purposes of resentencing. Mr. Graham requested the appointment of two

attorneys who were certified in capital cases to serve as “trial lead counsel” and “trial co-

counsel,” respectively, and a third attorney to sit as “third chair” who would not bill for her

time. The next day, the trial court scheduled Mr. Graham’s resentencing hearing for

March 8.

       {¶15} On January 26, Mr. Graham, through counsel, filed a motion to continue the

March 8 resentencing hearing until at least October, indicating that he intended to file a

petition for certiorari in the Supreme Court of the United States. The state filed a response

opposing Mr. Graham’s motion. On February 10, the trial court filed a judgment entry

denying Mr. Graham’s motion, stating, “The Court finds that based on the motion of the

Defendant and the Response of the State, the motion is not well taken and is hereby

denied.”

       {¶16} Meanwhile, on January 21, Mr. Graham’s counsel filed a motion in the

Supreme Court of Ohio requesting appointment for the purpose of preparing and filing an

application to reopen Mr. Graham’s direct appeal pursuant to S.Ct.Prac.R. 11.06, which

the court granted on February 3. Mr. Graham subsequently filed an application for

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reopening on February 26, alleging that he received ineffective assistance of appellate

counsel.

       {¶17} On the same date, Mr. Graham, through counsel, filed a “renewed” motion

in the trial court to continue the March 8 resentencing hearing. As grounds, Mr. Graham

stated that (1) his application for reopening in the Supreme Court of Ohio created a

“serious question” regarding the trial court’s “authority” to resentence him; (2) his third

attorney was scheduled to receive surgery on March 1 and would be unable to travel for

at least two months; and (3) Dr. Arcelis Rivera (“Dr. Rivera”), a psychologist who

evaluated Mr. Graham and filed a report during his postconviction proceedings, was

unavailable to testify on March 8.

       {¶18} The state filed a response opposing Mr. Graham’s “renewed” motion, which

was identical to its response to Mr. Graham’s first motion. On March 2, the trial court filed

a judgment entry denying Mr. Graham’s motion, again stating, “The Court finds that based

on the motion of the Defendant and the Response of the State, the motion is not well

taken and is hereby denied.”

       {¶19} On March 4, Mr. Graham filed a resentencing memorandum, attaching

reports from Dr. Rivera and a second psychologist, Dr. Laurence Steinberg (“Dr.

Steinberg”).

       {¶20} On the same date, Mr. Graham filed a petition in this court seeking a writ of

prohibition enjoining Judge Pittman from resentencing him on March 8. Mr. Graham

argued that Judge Pittman patently and unambiguously lacked jurisdiction as a result of

his pending application to reopen his direct appeal in the Supreme Court of Ohio. Judge

Pittman filed a motion to dismiss Mr. Graham’s petition. In State ex rel. Graham v.

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Pittman, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2021-P-0023, 2021-Ohio-665 (“Graham II”), we granted

Judge Pittman’s motion, finding that Mr. Graham did not establish that there are no set of

facts under which the trial court could have jurisdiction. Id. at ¶ 10.

                                  Resentencing Hearing

       {¶21} The resentencing hearing went forward as scheduled on March 8. The

defense renewed its objections to proceeding at that time based on Mr. Graham’s pending

application for reopening and co-counsel’s and Dr. Rivera’s inability to be present.

       {¶22} The defense presented testimony from Dr. Steinberg regarding the different

behavioral characteristics of adolescents as compared to adults and recent research on

brain development.     He testified that by 2015, “there was broad consensus along

neuroscientists that there was significant brain maturation going on past age 18 and up

until the - into the early 20s.” Dr. Steinberg opined that the characteristics that the

Supreme Court of the United States has identified as mitigating against a sentence of

death for juveniles also applies to life sentences without parole for 18-, 19-, or 20-year-

old offenders. On cross-examination, Dr. Steinberg conceded that he had not met or

interviewed Mr. Graham.

       {¶23} The defense also presented statements from Mr. Graham’s family members

in a 15-minute video discussing the environment in which Mr. Graham grew up.

       {¶24} The defense further discussed several factors that the trial court should

consider for resentencing, including (1) Mr. Graham’s age; (2) family and social

dysfunction; (3) mental health and substance abuse; (4) rehabilitation; (5) proportionality;

and (6) recidivism. The defense submitted exhibits consisting of Dr. Steinberg’s and Dr.

Rivera’s reports and affidavits from Mr. Graham’s family members.             The defense

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requested that the trial court resentence Mr. Graham anew on all six counts and

specifications and impose an aggregate prison term of 28 years to life.

       {¶25} The state presented testimony from the victim’s father, mother, and sister.

The state requested that the trial court impose a prison term of life without the possibility

of parole on count 1 to run consecutively to the 61-year aggregate prison term that the

trial court had previously imposed.

       {¶26} The trial court stated that it considered the overriding principles and

purposes of felony sentencing and weighed the statutory factors.            The trial court

sentenced Mr. Graham to prison terms of life without parole on count 1 and three years

on the accompanying firearm specification to run consecutively to each other and to the

61-year aggregate prison term that it had previously imposed. The trial court also made

statutory findings for consecutive sentences.

       {¶27} Finally, the trial court commented as follows:

       {¶28} “I remember Mr. Graham after the trial. The one thing that sticks in my mind

more than anything else is that you grinned at the family when you walked out that door

like you thought this was funny.

       {¶29} “You murdered a poor, innocent, young man that was destined to do great

things. Because you grew up in a single-family home -- a lot of people have hardships.

Most people in this room have had hardships. That doesn’t give you the right to take

someone’s life. I remember the evidence just like it was yesterday, just like it was

yesterday.”

       {¶30} The defense noted its objection to the sentence for the record.

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       {¶31} The trial court subsequently filed a judgment entry that memorialized Mr.

Graham’s sentences, which Mr. Graham timely appealed.

       {¶32} In May 2021, the Supreme Court of Ohio denied Mr. Graham’s application

for reopening. See State v. Graham, 163 Ohio St.3d 1416, 2021-Ohio-1606, 167 N.E.3d

975 (“Graham III”). Mr. Graham filed separate petitions for a writ of certiorari in the

Supreme Court of the United States in May and August, both of which were denied in

October.

       {¶33} Mr. Graham raises the following three assignments of error for our review:

       {¶34} “[1.] The Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments prohibit a sentence of life

without the possibility of parole for offenders who were 21 years old and younger at the

time of the offense.

       {¶35} “[2.] The trial court abused its discretion when it failed to grant Graham’s

request for a continuance.

       {¶36} “[3.] The trial court lacked jurisdiction to conduct Graham’s resentencing

hearing while his application for reopening was pending in the Supreme Court of Ohio.”

       {¶37} We review Mr. Graham’s assignments of error in reverse order.

                                 Trial Court Jurisdiction

       {¶38} In his third assignment of error, Mr. Graham contends that the trial court

was divested of jurisdiction to resentence him based on his filing of an application to

reopen his direct appeal in the Supreme Court of Ohio.

                                   Standard of Review

       {¶39} Determination of a trial court’s jurisdiction is a question of law that we review

de novo. Lloyd v. Thornsbery, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2019-P-0108, 2021-Ohio-240, ¶ 8.

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                                     Law and Analysis

       {¶40} Mr. Graham cites no authority directly supporting his contention that the trial

court was divested of jurisdiction. Instead, Mr. Graham argues that his application for

reopening is analogous to a memorandum in support of jurisdiction filed in the Supreme

Court of Ohio and/or an appeal from a trial court’s denial of a postconviction petition. We

disagree.

       {¶41} Mr. Graham appealed his death sentence directly to the Supreme Court of

Ohio as of right, which is governed by its own rules of practice. The Supreme Court of

Ohio has appellate jurisdiction over “an appeal from a decision of a court of common

pleas in a case in which the death penalty has been imposed for an offense committed

on or after January 1, 1995.” S.Ct.Prac.R. 5.01(A)(4); see Ohio Constitution, Article IV,

Section 2(B)(2)(c). “To perfect” such an appeal, “the appellant shall file a notice of appeal,

accompanied by the court of common pleas’ judgment entry” within 45 days from the

entry’s journalization. S.Ct.Prac.R. 11.01(B)(1). “After a death-penalty appeal of right is

perfected from a court of common pleas * * * to the Supreme Court, the court of common

pleas * * * is divested of jurisdiction, except to take action in aid of the appeal, to grant a

stay of execution if the Supreme Court has not set an execution date, or to appoint

counsel.” (Emphasis added.) S.Ct.Prac.R. 11.01(E).

       {¶42} A subsequent application for reopening in the Supreme Court of Ohio is

governed by S.Ct.Prac.R. 11.06. It provides, in relevant part, that “[a]n appellant in a

death-penalty case involving an offense committed on or after January 1, 1995, may apply

for reopening of the appeal from the judgment of conviction and sentence, based on a

claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel in the Supreme Court” within 90 days

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from the Supreme Court’s issuance of its mandate.             S.Ct.Prac.R. 11.06(A).      “An

application for reopening shall be granted if there is a genuine issue as to whether the

applicant was deprived of effective assistance of counsel on appeal.”           S.Ct.Prac.R.

11.06(E).

       {¶43} “If the Supreme Court grants the application, the Clerk of the Supreme Court

shall serve notice on the clerk of the trial court, and the Supreme Court will * * * [i]mpose

conditions, if any, necessary to preserve the status quo during the pendency of the

reopened appeal.” (Emphasis added.) S.Ct.Prac.R. 11.06(F)(2). “If the application is

granted, the case shall proceed as on an initial appeal in accordance with these rules,”

subject to certain exceptions. S.Ct.Prac.R. 11.06(G)(1).

       {¶44} S.Ct.Prac.R. 11.06 is analogous to App.R. 26(B), which is applicable in

Ohio’s district courts of appeals. It permits “[a] defendant in a criminal case” to “apply for

reopening of the appeal from the judgment of conviction and sentence, based on a claim

of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel” within 90 days from journalization of the

appellate judgment.      App.R. 26(B).      The Supreme Court of Ohio has held that

“proceedings under App.R. 26(B) are collateral postconviction proceedings and not part

of the direct-appeal process.” Morgan v. Eads, 104 Ohio St.3d 142, 2004-Ohio-6110,

818 N.E.2d 1157, syllabus. “Ohio has chosen, through App.R. 26(B), to create an

additional and collateral opportunity for raising ineffective-appellate counsel claims after

the appeal as of right is finished.” Id. at ¶ 19.

       {¶45} The foregoing authority demonstrates than an appeal and an application for

reopening are separate and distinct proceedings. An application for reopening is not an

appeal, and the effect of filing an application for reopening is not the same as perfecting

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an appeal. Rather, pursuant to S.Ct.Prac.R. 11.06(F)(2), the Supreme Court of Ohio’s

granting of an application for reopening and the court’s imposition of conditions to

preserve the status quo affect the trial court’s jurisdiction, not the appellant’s mere filing

of such an application.

       {¶46} Mr. Graham counters that a trial court’s jurisdiction “should” also be divested

upon filing because the Supreme Court’s granting of an application for reopening is not

always timely and because the Supreme Court’s ability to preserve the status quo may

be “rendered meaningless” by the trial court’s actions.

       {¶47} The Supreme Court of Ohio alone has the authority to prescribe rules

governing practice and procedure in all courts of the state. Louden v. A.O. Smith Corp.,

121 Ohio St.3d 95, 2009-Ohio-319, 902 N.E.2d 458, ¶ 9; see Ohio Constitution, Article

IV, Section 5(B). This court has no authority to modify the Supreme Court’s rules to

encompass Mr. Graham’s desired outcome.

       {¶48} Accordingly, the trial court was not divested of jurisdiction to resentence Mr.

Graham based on his filing of an application to reopen his direct appeal in the Supreme

Court of Ohio.

       {¶49} Mr. Graham’s third assignment of error is without merit.

                                  Denial of Continuance

       {¶50} In his second assignment of error, Mr. Graham contends that the trial court

abused its discretion by denying his request for a continuance.

                                   Standard of Review

       {¶51} “The grant or denial of a continuance is a matter that is entrusted to the

broad, sound discretion of the trial judge.” State v. Unger, 67 Ohio St.2d 65, 423 N.E.2d

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1078 (1981), syllabus. “An appellate court must not reverse the denial of a continuance

unless there has been an abuse of discretion.” Id. at 67.

       {¶52} An abuse of discretion is the trial court’s “‘failure to exercise sound,

reasonable, and legal decision-making.’” State v. Beechler, 2d Dist. Clark No. 09-CA-54,

2010-Ohio-1900, ¶ 62, quoting Black’s Law Dictionary 11 (8th Ed.Rev.2004).

                                     Legal Principles

       {¶53} The Supreme Court of Ohio has stated that “‘[t]here are no mechanical tests

for deciding when a denial of a continuance is so arbitrary as to violate due process. The

answer must be found in the circumstances present in every case, particularly in the

reasons presented to the trial judge at the time the request is denied.’” Unger at 67,

quoting Ungar v. Sarafite, 376 U.S. 575, 589, 84 S.Ct. 841, 11 L.Ed.2d 921 (1964).

“Weighed against any potential prejudice to a defendant are concerns such as a court’s

right to control its own docket and the public’s interest in the prompt and efficient dispatch

of justice.” Id.

       {¶54} The Supreme Court of Ohio has instructed trial courts to consider several

factors in evaluating a motion for a continuance, including “[1] the length of the delay

requested; [2] whether other continuances have been requested and received; [3] the

inconvenience to litigants, witnesses, opposing counsel and the court; [4] whether the

requested delay is for legitimate reasons or whether it is dilatory, purposeful, or contrived;

[5] whether the defendant contributed to the circumstance which gives rise to the request

for a continuance; and [6] other relevant factors, depending on the unique facts of each

case.” Id. at 68. In addition, a defendant must show how he or she was prejudiced by

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the denial of the continuance before there can be a finding of prejudicial error. State v.

Broom, 40 Ohio St.3d 277, 288, 533 N.E.2d 682 (1988).

                                         Analysis

       {¶55} Mr. Graham first argues that the trial court abused its discretion by failing to

consider the Unger factors and by failing to provide an explanation for its denial.

       {¶56} Although the trial court did not expressly consider the Unger factors on the

record, there is no requirement to do so. See State v. Colley, 4th Dist. Scioto No.

09CA3323, 2010-Ohio-4834, ¶ 20.          “An appellate court reviewing a lower court’s

judgment indulges in a presumption of regularity of the proceedings below.” Hartt v.

Munobe, 67 Ohio St.3d 3, 7, 615 N.E.2d 617 (1993). In addition, “[a] reviewing court must

presume that the trial court applied the law correctly.” State v. Coombs, 18 Ohio St.3d

123, 125, 480 N.E.2d 414 (1985). Thus, absent evidence to the contrary, we must

presume that the trial court considered and applied the Unger factors in rendering its

judgment. See Colley at ¶ 20.

       {¶57} We find the present matter to be distinguishable from In re Zak, 11th Dist.

Lake Nos. 2001-L-216 through 2001-L-218, 2003-Ohio-1974, which Mr. Graham cites in

support of his argument. In that case, we found that the trial court abused its discretion

in denying an out-of-state party’s motion to continue a hearing in a child custody dispute

where there was no “indication in the record as to why the decision was made.” Id. at ¶

33.

       {¶58} By contrast, this is an aggravated murder case where a death sentence was

originally imposed. The Supreme Court of Ohio vacated Mr. Graham’s death sentence

and issued a mandate ordering the trial court to resentence Mr. Graham. See Crim.R. 32

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(“Sentence shall be imposed without unnecessary delay”).              Thus, the trial court’s

compelling interest in promptly resentencing Mr. Graham is apparent from the record.

       {¶59} Mr. Graham next argues that an application of the Unger factors

demonstrates that the trial court abused its discretion. Mr. Graham’s argument focuses

on his February 26 “renewed” motion to continue, the stated grounds for which were (1)

the trial court’s lack of jurisdiction because of Mr. Graham’s pending application for

reopening in the Supreme Court of Ohio; (2) his third attorney’s scheduled surgery on

March 1; and (3) Dr. Rivera’s unavailability to testify on March 8.

       {¶60} Application of the Unger factors leads to diverse results. On one hand, Mr.

Graham’s pending application for reopening was not a legitimate reason to delay the

March 8 resentencing. Like in this appeal, Mr. Graham cited no legal authority in his

February 26 motion that directly supported his contention that the trial court was divested

of jurisdiction. Rather, the applicable authority demonstrates that the trial court was not

divested of jurisdiction.

       {¶61} Similarly, the scheduled surgery of Mr. Graham’s third attorney, while

unfortunate, did not present a compelling reason to delay the March 8 resentencing. An

indigent criminal defendant does not have a constitutional right to choose the attorney

who will represent him; rather, he is only entitled to competent legal representation. State

v. Long, 2014-Ohio-4416, 19 N.E.3d 981, ¶ 33 (11th Dist.). Mr. Graham was being

represented by two attorneys certified in capital cases, while his third attorney was sitting

as “third chair.”

       {¶62} The unavailability of Dr. Rivera to testify on March 8 was a legitimate reason

for a continuance. See State v. Brooks, 44 Ohio St.3d 185, 195, 542 N.E.2d 636 (1989)

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(“A court may not refuse to grant a reasonable recess for the purpose of obtaining defense

witnesses when it has been shown that the desired testimony would be relevant and

material to the defense”). However, Mr. Graham did not state when Dr. Rivera was

available to testify. See Unger at 69 (“the record is totally devoid of any indication of what

the potential delay might have been if appellant had successfully secured the second

continuance”).

       {¶63} In addition, Mr. Graham first disclosed Dr. Rivera’s unavailability 10 days

before the March 8 resentencing, despite the fact that the trial court provided two months’

advance notice. Mr. Graham asserted Dr. Rivera’s unavailability as his third justification

for a continuance, following requests of approximately 90 days to obtain a ruling on his

pending application for reopening and “at least two months” to permit his third attorney to

recover from surgery.

       {¶64} And while Mr. Graham characterizes his January 26 and February 26

motions as a single request for a continuance, he filed his February 26 motion after his

January 26 motion was denied, and he focused on different grounds.

       {¶65} On the other hand, Dr. Rivera is a psychologist who examined Mr. Graham

in July 2018 for his postconviction proceedings and filed a detailed report dated April 11,

2019. We recognize that a full mitigation hearing is not required when an offender is

resentenced pursuant to R.C. 2929.06 following a court’s vacation of a death sentence.

See State v. Denson, 66 Ohio App.3d 833, 835, 586 N.E.2d 1125 (1st Dist.1990) (“Unlike

its role in R.C. 2929.03 proceedings, the trial court, in conducting a resentencing hearing

pursuant to R.C. 2929.06, is not called upon to determine whether to impose a death

sentence after weighing the mitigating factors against the aggravating circumstances of

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the offense committed”). However, mitigation testimony remains vitally important when a

trial court is considering any felony sentence, particularly one as serious as life

imprisonment without parole.

       {¶66} For instance, R.C. 2929.19(A) provides that at a resentencing hearing, “the

offender, the prosecuting attorney, the victim or the victim’s * * *, and, with the approval

of the court, any other person may present information relevant to the imposition of

sentence in the case.” (Emphasis added.). R.C. 2929.19(B)(1)(a) requires the trial court

to consider such information before imposing sentence.

       {¶67} In addition, a trial court imposing a felony sentence must be “guided by” the

overriding purposes of sentencing, including the promotion of “effective rehabilitation.”

R.C. 2929.11(A). The sentence imposed must be “reasonably calculated” to achieve

those purposes. R.C. 2929.11(B). A trial court must also consider several factors in

relation to the offender and/or the offense, including any relevant factors indicating that

“the offender’s conduct is less serious than conduct normally constituting the offense” and

that “the offender is not likely to commit future crimes.” R.C. 2929.12(C) and (E).

       {¶68} The findings and professional opinions set forth in Dr. Rivera’s report

implicated several of these factors. For instance, Dr. Rivera wrote that multigenerational

family dysfunction, substance abuse, systemic failures, and negative peer influences

contributed to Mr. Graham’s poor choices.        However, she wrote that Mr. Graham

benefitted from and excelled in structured settings. Thus, Dr. Rivera’s testimony would

have been relevant and material to the trial court’s required sentencing considerations.

Most crucially, her testimony would have been relevant and material to the issue of

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whether Mr. Graham should be granted parole eligibility in the future and would have

allowed her to supplement the report she penned almost two years earlier.

       {¶69} Finally, there is no indication in the record that granting a brief continuance

to accommodate Dr. Rivera’s schedule would have caused inconvenience to any of the

interested parties. Mr. Graham remained incarcerated for his other convictions, and the

jury’s guilty verdict on the aggravated murder offense remained.

       {¶70} Weighing the trial court’s right to control its own docket and the public’s

interest in the prompt and efficient dispatch of justice against the potential prejudice to

Mr. Graham, we find that the Unger factors tipped in favor of granting a continuance to

permit Dr. Rivera’s testimony.

       {¶71} Since the record demonstrates that Dr. Rivera did not testify at the March 8

resentencing hearing, we conclude that Mr. Graham has demonstrated prejudice resulting

from the trial court’s denial. See United States v. King, 127 F.3d 483, 487 (6th Cir.1997)

(“The defendant demonstrates ‘actual prejudice’ by showing that a continuance would

have made relevant witnesses available or added something to the defense”).

       {¶72} Mr. Graham’s second assignment of error has merit.

                             Constitutionality of Sentence

       {¶73} Finally, in his first assignment of error, Mr. Graham contends that the Eighth

and Fourteenth Amendments to the federal Constitution prohibit a prison sentence of life

without the possibility of parole for offenders who were 21 years old and younger at the

time of the offense.

       {¶74} Our disposition of Mr. Graham’s second assignment of error renders his first

assignment of error moot.

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      {¶75} For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s March 2, 2021, judgment entry is

reversed, and Mr. Graham’s sentence on count 1 is vacated. This matter is remanded

for resentencing pursuant to R.C. 2929.06.

THOMAS R. WRIGHT, P.J.,

CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, J.,

concur.

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