Court Opinion

ID: 9954456
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-26 14:08:32.268614+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:12:42.884762
License: Public Domain

RECORD IMPOUNDED

                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-2622-22

L.B.G.,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

A.T.G.,

     Defendant-Appellant.
_________________________

                   Submitted March 19, 2024 – Decided March 26, 2024

                   Before Judges Haas and Puglisi.

                   On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
                   Chancery Division, Family Part, Union County, Docket
                   No. FV-20-1305-23.

                   Grayson & Associates, LLC, attorneys for appellant
                   (Brian P. Matousek, on the brief).

                   Respondent has not filed a brief.

PER CURIAM
      Defendant A.T.G. 1 appeals from the Family Part's March 30, 2023 final

restraining order (FRO) entered in favor of plaintiff L.B.G. pursuant to the

Prevention of Domestic Violence Act (PDVA), N.J.S.A. 2C:25-17 to -35.

Following our review of the record and applicable legal principles, we vacate

the FRO and remand for further proceedings.

      Plaintiff and defendant are married and have three children. On February

15, 2023, plaintiff obtained a temporary restraining order (TRO) against

defendant after alleging he committed predicate acts of assault and harassment

against her on September 2, 2022 and again on October 1, 2022.            In her

complaint, plaintiff also detailed prior incidents of domestic violence committed

by defendant against her. The trial court amended the TRO on March 23, 2023

in order to allow defendant to have parenting time with the children.

      On March 30, 2023, the parties appeared before the court for a trial to

determine whether plaintiff should receive a FRO against defendant. Neither

party was represented by counsel.

      At the beginning of the trial, the court advised defendant of the negative

ramifications that would arise if an FRO was entered against him. However, the

1
  We use initials to protect the identity of victims of domestic violence and to
preserve the confidentiality of these proceedings. See R. 1:38-3(d)(9) to (10).
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                                       2
court did not tell defendant that he had the right to counsel and did not ask him

if he wanted to retain an attorney.

      The trial court directed each party to make an opening statement and then

allowed them to take turns providing testimony. The court did not tell the parties

they had the right to cross-examine each other and did not permit them to do so.

The court also did not advise the parties that they had a right to call witnesses

to testify on their behalf.

      During plaintiff's testimony, she went beyond the prior incidents of

domestic violence alleged in her complaint. The trial court did not formally

amend plaintiff's complaint to include those new allegations, and it failed to

advise defendant that he could have an adjournment of the trial to prepare a

defense to these new allegations.

      At the conclusion of the trial, the court rendered an oral decision granting

plaintiff's application for a FRO. The court found plaintiff established that

defendant assaulted her on September 2, 2022 and October 1, 2022, and that a

restraining order was needed to protected plaintiff from future acts of domestic

violence.

      On appeal, defendant argues that "the trial court violated [his] due process

rights as it failed to advise [him] of his right to retain legal counsel, failed to

                                                                             A-2622-22
                                        3
advise [him] of his right to cross-examination, failed to advise [him] of his right

to call witnesses, and failed to provide fair notice of newly-raised allegations."

      "[O]rdinary due process protections apply in the domestic violence

context, notwithstanding the shortened time frames for conducting a final

hearing that are imposed by the [PDVA]." J.D. v. M.D.F., 207 N.J. 458, 478

(2011) (internal citations omitted). One of those important rights is the right to

counsel. As we held in A.A.R. v. J.R.C., "due process does not require the

appointment of counsel for indigent defendants in a domestic violence

proceeding seeking an FRO." 471 N.J. Super. 584, 588 (App. Div. 2022).

However, it requires "a defendant understands that [they have] a right to retain

legal counsel and receive[] a reasonable opportunity to retain an attorney." Ibid.

      Here, the trial court did not inquire if defendant wanted an attorney prior

to proceeding with the trial. That alone requires the FRO be vacated. Id. at 589.

      The trial court also erred by failing to permit defendant to cross-examine

plaintiff concerning her testimony and did not advise him that he was allowed

to call witnesses to testify in his defense. One of the "essential procedural

safeguards" for defendants is the right to cross-examine witnesses. Peterson v.

Peterson, 374 N.J. Super. 116, 124 (App. Div. 2005). A trial is a search for the

truth, and "[c]ross-examination is the most effective device known to our trial

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                                        4
procedure for seeking the truth." Id. at 124 (quoting Tancredi v. Tancredi, 101

N.J. Super. 259, 261 (App. Div. 1968)). Denying a defendant the opportunity

to cross-examine or call witnesses violates due process. J.D., 207 N.J. at 481

(citing Peterson, 374 N.J. Super. at 124-26).

      Finally, the trial court mistakenly allowed plaintiff to testify as to

additional incidents of domestic violence between the parties without requiring

plaintiff to amend her complaint. In J.D., our Supreme Court acknowledged the

common practice of allowing plaintiffs to amplify the prior history of domestic

violence during the course of a trial. 207 N.J. at 479. However, the Court

explained that defendants cannot be deprived of their due process rights under

such circumstances. Ibid.

      Thus, a plaintiff should be permitted to amend the complaint, and a

defendant must be afforded an opportunity to prepare a proper defense to the

new allegations. Id. at 480. Because the court failed to follow these procedures,

defendant was deprived of due process. See J.F. v. B.K., 308 N.J. Super. 387,

391-92 (App. Div. 1998) (holding it was a violation of the defendant's right to

due process to be told of additional domestic violence charges on the day of the

hearing).

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                                       5
      Based on the foregoing, we are satisfied defendant was not afforded due

process in connection with the FRO hearing. Accordingly, we vacate the FRO,

reinstate the TRO, and remand the matter for a new trial.

      Vacated and remanded. We do not retain jurisdiction.

                                                                       A-2622-22
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