Court Opinion

ID: 2795514
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-04-21 22:02:02.810184+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:29:14.748837
License: Public Domain

Filed 4/21/15 Schuler v. Albright CA1/5
                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                       FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION FIVE

RHONDA M. SCHULER,
         Plaintiff and Respondent,
                                                                     A140870
v.
RUSSELL B. ALBRIGHT,                                                 (San Mateo County
                                                                     Super. Ct. No. FAM0109857)
         Defendant and Appellant.

         Russell B. Albright (defendant) appeals from an order denying his motion to quash
and to set aside a default and default judgment entered against him in a child support
proceeding, arguing he was never served with the summons and complaint and never
received actual notice in time to defend the action against him. (Code Civ. Proc.,
§§ 473.5, 418.10, subd. (a)(1).)1 We affirm.

                               I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
         On April 30, 2010, the San Mateo County Department of Child Support Services
(Department) received an interstate referral requesting that parentage and child support
orders be established against defendant on behalf of Rhonda M. Schuler and her minor
son. On that same date, Department mailed a case opening letter to defendant at 25
Horseshoe Court in Hillsborough, California, the address provided by the initiating
jurisdiction.

         1
         Further statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless otherwise
indicated.

                                                             1
       Department caseworkers have password-controlled access to the records of the
Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) for the purpose of locating individuals who owe
child support. In May 2010, the DMV confirmed that defendant’s residential address on
file with the DMV was 25 Horseshoe Court, that there had been no changes to
defendant’s residential address since his driver’s license was first issued in 2005, and that
no other residential addresses were reported in defendant’s DMV records. Also in May
2010, Department sent postal verification letters to the United States Postal Service to
determine whether mail was delivered to defendant at 25 Horseshoe Court. The Postal
Service verified that mail was delivered to defendant at a post office box in San Mateo,
and that defendant reported his physical address to be 25 Horseshoe Court in
Hillsborough. In June 2010, Department received a letter from Stanford Federal Credit
Union indicating defendant had terminated his employment there in February 2009, and
his last known address was 25 Horseshoe Court.
       On June 13, 2010, Department received a letter from defendant stating: “The
information you have gathered is in error. I am disputing any child support claims from
Rhonda Schuler. This dispute is based on the parentage of the child. No contact with
Rhonda Schuler has been made in over seven years in accordance with the wishes of the
parent.” No return address or telephone number was listed on the letter.
       On July 22, 2010, Department filed a complaint for child support and order to
show cause under the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA) seeking child
support, child care costs, and unreimbursed medical and dental expenses from defendant.
Several unsuccessful attempts were made to personally serve defendant with the
summons and complaint at 25 Horseshoe Court. On August 4, 2010, defendant’s mother
and father answered the door and said defendant did not live there. Defendant’s father
threatened to take legal action if the “system” did not stop sending people to their door,
and defendant’s mother threatened to call the police if the process server did not leave.
Following these unsuccessful efforts to personally serve defendant, Department reviewed
other possible addresses for him and identified 2249 Armada Way in San Mateo,
California, using a LexisNexis database. A postal verification letter was sent and on

                                              2
September 20, 2010, the Postal Service confirmed mail was delivered to defendant at that
address.
       The UIFSA complaint and order to show cause was reissued and personal service
was attempted at 2249 Armada Way on October 6 and 7, 2010. An affidavit of
reasonable diligence filed by the process server indicates the tenant at 2249 Armada Way,
a “Kristina Peterson,” said she had lived at the address for two and one-half years and did
not know defendant.2 Efforts to serve defendant at the Armada Way address
recommenced in February 2012, and on February 7, 2012, the process server saw a man
who matched defendant’s description move quickly away from an upstairs window after
observing the process server. The process server rang the doorbell several times but no
one answered. Personal service was again attempted at the Armada Way address in July
2012, and on July 31, 2012, the process server was told by “Chris Peterson,” the current
tenant, that defendant did not live there.
       Meanwhile, Department was provided with additional information linking
defendant to 25 Horseshoe Court. A January 31, 2012, postal verification letter was
received in which the Postal Service confirmed mail was being delivered to defendant at
the Horseshoe Court address. Another postal verification letter sent March 17, 2012,
confirmed that mail was delivered to defendant at a post office box (which was also listed
as his mailing address with the DMV), and that defendant reported 25 Horseshoe Court
as his physical address. DMV records also showed 25 Horseshoe Court as defendant’s
physical address. On November 13, 2012, the process server effected substitute service
on defendant by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint with defendant’s father
and mailing a copy of the same to defendant the following day. (§ 415.20.) When the
process server handed defendant’s father the documents, defendant’s father said “fuck
you” twice and threw them at the process server.

       2
         An affidavit for establishing paternity that was signed by Schuler in September
2011 lists “Cristina Petersen Albright” as defendant’s current spouse or nonmarital
partner.

                                             3
       After defendant failed to file an answer to the complaint, the trial court granted
Department’s request for an entry of default. A default judgment was entered on March
22, 2013, ordering defendant to pay $479.00 a month in child support.
       On September 19, 2013, defendant filed a motion asking the trial court to (1) set
aside the default and default judgment based on his lack of actual notice of the
proceedings (§ 473.5), and (2) quash service based on the trial court’s lack of jurisdiction
over him due to the Department’s failure to serve him with the summons and complaint
(§ 418.10, subd. (a)(1)). In support of his motion, defendant provided a declaration from
his father, Gary Albright, stating that he (the father) had lived at 25 Horseshoe Court for
many years, but defendant had not lived there since 2005 and did not regularly receive
mail at that address. Defendant’s father further declared that when he spoke to the
process server on November 13, 2012, he advised the process server defendant did not
live at that address and refused to accept the documents from the process server.
       Department filed a responsive declaration by James D. Potter, one of its child
support attorneys, reciting the history of the case as described above. Attached as an
exhibit to Potter’s declaration was a declaration by David Carlos, a supervisor with the
Department who was readily familiar with the Department’s record-keeping system and
had reviewed the Department’s file in this case. Carlos described the efforts to locate and
verify defendant’s address, and identified and authenticated the statements of due
diligence that were filed by the process servers in the case and attached as exhibits.
Included in the exhibits were a postal verification letter and response from the United
States Postal Service dated October 1, 2013 (after the motion for relief from default had
been filed), indicating defendant was still receiving mail at 25 Horseshoe Court.
       Defendant filed a reply declaration stating: “I have not lived at my parent[s’]
residence at 25 Horseshoe Court, Hillsborough CA 94101 for many years. Since approx.
February-March 2010 I have lived at 2249 Armada Way, San Mateo and I have a mailing
address at P.O. Box 5619, San Mateo, Ca. 94402.”
       After listening to the arguments of counsel and taking the matter under
submission, the trial court denied defendant’s motion in its entirety.

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                                     II. DISCUSSION
       Defendant argues he was entitled to relief under section 473.5 because he did not
have actual notice of the child support proceedings. He contends the default judgment
against him was void because he was never served with a copy of the summons and
complaint. We disagree.
       “ ‘[C]ompliance with the statutory procedures for service of process is essential to
establish personal jurisdiction. [Citation.] Thus, a default judgment entered against a
defendant who was not served with a summons in the manner prescribed by statute is
void. [Citation].” (Ellard v. Conway (2001) 94 Cal. App. 4th 540, 544 (Ellard); see
County of San Diego v. Gorham (2010) 186 Cal. App. 4th 1215, 1226-1227 (Gorham).) A
defendant seeking to set aside a default judgment based on a lack of proper service may
file a motion under section 473.5 on the ground that “service of a summons has not
resulted in actual notice to a party in time to defend the action.” (See Ellard, at p. 547;
Trackman v. Kenney (2010) 187 Cal. App. 4th 175, 179-180 (Trackman).) To obtain
relief under section 473.5, the defendant must provide an affidavit showing his lack of
actual notice was not caused by inexcusable neglect or avoidance of service. (§ 473.5,
subds. (b) & (c); Anastos v. Lee (2004) 118 Cal. App. 4th 1314, 1319 (Anastos).)3
       Though a motion to set aside a default judgment under section 473.5 “ ‘is
addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court’ ” (Anastos, supra, 118 Cal.App.4th at
p. 1318), the underlying question of whether the judgment is void for improper service is
one of law we review de novo. (Trackman, supra, 187 Cal.App.4th at p. 182; Cruz v.
Fagor America, Inc. (2007) 146 Cal. App. 4th 488, 496.) To the extent the facts are in
conflict, we uphold the trial court’s express or implied factual determinations so long as
they are supported by substantial evidence. (Giorgio v. Synergy Management Group,
LLC (2014) 231 Cal. App. 4th 241, 247; Strathvale Holdings v. E.B.H. (2005) 126

       3
          A defendant may also challenge a judgment as void due to improper service
under section 473, subdivision (d), though defendant has not invoked this statute as a
basis for relief. (See Trackman, supra, 187 Cal.App.4th at p. 180; Ellard, supra, 94
Cal.App.4th at p. 544.)

                                              5
Cal. App. 4th 1241, 1250.) “This standard applies equally to oral or documentary
evidence. [Citation.] ‘When an issue is tried on affidavits, the rule on appeal is that
those affidavits favoring the contention of the prevailing party establish not only the facts
stated therein but also all facts which reasonably may be inferred therefrom, and where
there is a substantial conflict in the facts stated, a determination of the controverted facts
by the trial court will not be disturbed.” (Zirbes v. Stratton (1986) 187 Cal. App. 3d 1407,
1412 (Zirbes).)
       In this case, the Department served defendant under section 415.20, subdivision
(b), which authorizes substitute service in lieu of personal delivery: “If a copy of the
summons and complaint cannot with reasonable diligence be personally delivered to the
person to be served, . . . a summons may be served by leaving a copy of the summons and
complaint at the person’s dwelling house, usual place of abode, usual place of business,
or usual mailing address other than a United States Postal Service post office box, in the
presence of a competent member of the household or a person apparently in charge . . . at
least 18 years of age, who shall be informed of the contents thereof, and by thereafter
mailing a copy of the summons and complaint by first-class mail, postage prepaid to the
person to be served at the place where a copy of the summons and complaint were left.”
       Department submitted proofs of service by a registered process server showing
this procedure was followed at 25 Horseshoe Court when the process server, after several
attempts to serve defendant personally, left the summons and complaint with defendant’s
father on November 13, 2012, and then mailed defendant a copy of the same. This gave
rise to a rebuttable presumption of proper service. (Floveyor Internat., Ltd. v. Superior
Court (1997) 59 Cal. App. 4th 789, 795.)
       Defendant argues service was ineffective because the evidence does not support a
finding that his parents’ home at 25 Horseshoe Court was an appropriate address for
substitute service. Even if defendant no longer resided with his parents at that address,
Department presented verifications from the United States Postal Service that mail was
being delivered to him there. From these verifications, it can reasonably be inferred 25
Horseshoe Court was defendant’s “usual mailing address” for purposes of section 415.20,

                                               6
subdivision (b). This conclusion is corroborated by the letter from defendant’s former
employer stating defendant’s last known mailing address as of 2009 was 25 Horseshoe
Court. While the letter from the employer did not itself demonstrate defendant was still
receiving mail there in 2012, when substitute service was made, it tended to impeach the
declaration by defendant’s father stating defendant has not lived at 25 Horseshoe Court
since 2005 and did not regularly receive mail there.
       Because the record contains substantial evidence that 25 Horseshoe Court was
defendant’s usual mailing address, we need not determine whether substantial evidence
supports a finding defendant also resided at that address, or whether the evidence of
DMV records was admissible or sufficient to support such a finding. (Compare Zirbes,
supra, 187 Cal.App.3d at pp. 1415-1417.) A “usual mailing address” may include the
address where a defendant resides or does business, but is not limited to such locations.
(See Ellard, supra, 94 Cal.App.4th at pp. 545-546; Hearn v. Howard (2009) 177
Cal. App. 4th 1193, 1202 [substitute service proper on private post office box].) Substitute
service was proper at 25 Horseshoe Court, the resulting default judgment entered against
defendant was not void, and the court did not err in denying the motion to quash service.
       Having concluded defendant was properly served under section 415.20, we next
consider whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion to set aside
the default and default judgment under section 473.5 on the ground he lacked actual
notice. (Weil & Brown, Cal. Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial (The Rutter
Group 2014) ¶5:420, p. 5-104.3 (rev. #1, 2014) [trial court has discretion to set aside a
default judgment against a properly served defendant who lacks actual notice].) It did
not.
       As a prerequisite to obtaining relief under section 473.5, a moving party must
submit “an affidavit showing . . . that the party’s lack of actual notice in time to defend
the action was not caused by his or her avoidance of service or inexcusable neglect.”
(§ 473.5, subd. (b).) Defendant filed a reply declaration stating he did not reside at
25 Horseshoe Court and “[t]he purported substituted service on me through my father did
not in fact result in my having any knowledge of the summons and petition,” but that

                                              7
declaration did not include any facts showing defendant had not avoided service and had
not acted with inexcusable neglect. (See Sakaguchi v. Sakaguchi (2009) 173 Cal. App. 4th
852, 862 [§ 473.5 motion properly denied where defendant’s affidavit stated only that he
had not personally received the complaint and did not show lack of inexcusable neglect].)
The evidence submitted by Department strongly suggested defendant was avoiding
service in February 2012 by hiding from the process server at 2249 Armada Way (where
he claimed in his declaration to have lived since 2010) and having the woman who lived
there (whom he apparently married) tell the process server he did not have any
connection to that address. The equities of this case do not support relief under section
473.5 and the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion.
       Because we conclude the trial court properly denied defendant relief from the
default and default judgment, we need not address the Department’s various arguments
concerning the applicability of Family Code section 3691 and its effect on the court’s
power to grant equitable relief from default in this case.

                                    III. DISPOSITION
       The order denying defendant’s motion to set aside the default and default
judgment and motion to quash is affirmed. Costs on appeal are awarded to Department.

                                                  NEEDHAM, J.

We concur.

SIMONS, Acting P.J.

BRUINIERS, J.

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