Court Opinion

ID: 69754
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2010-04-26 06:50:29+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:58:17.925331
License: Public Domain

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

              IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                       FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                         ________________________                  FILED
                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                               No. 09-11134                 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                             NOVEMBER 3, 2009
                           Non-Argument Calendar
                                                             THOMAS K. KAHN
                         ________________________
                                                                  CLERK

                           Agency No. A088-147-267

ORLANDO LINARES GONZALEZ-DIAZ,

                                                                        Petitioner,

                                     versus

U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,

                                                                      Respondent.

                         ________________________

                    Petition for Review of a Decision of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals
                         _________________________

                              (November 3, 2009)

Before TJOFLAT, EDMONDSON and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

     The petitioner, Orlando Linares Gonzalez-Diaz, is a native and citizen of
Guatemala. He entered the United States in September 2002 without authorization.

In January 2007, he filed an application for asylum and withholding of removal

under the Immigration and Naturalization Act (“INA”), and relief under the

Convention Against Torture (“CAT”); he asserted that he had been persecuted in

Guatemala on account of his political opinion. He subsequently amended his

application to claim that he also had been persecuted on account of his membership

in a particular group.

      On October 16, 2007, petitioner appeared before an Immigration Judge

(“IJ”), in response to a Notice to Appear issued by the Department of Homeland

Security, to show cause why he should not be removed as an alien present in the

United States without being admitted or paroled. Petitioner conceded that he was

removable, and then presented his case for asylum, withholding of removal, and

CAT relief. After considering his testimony and the documentary evidence

presented, the IJ found that petitioner was barred from asylum because his

application was untimely and he had not shown that the late filing was legally

excusable. Then, finding petitioner ineligible for withholding of removal or CAT

relief, the IJ ordered his removal.

      Petitioner appealed the IJ’s decision to the Board of Immigration Appeals

(“BIA”), and on February 5, 2009, it dismissed the appeal. He now petitions this

court for review.
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       In his brief, petitioner argues that the IJ and the BIA erred in denying his

application for asylum and withholding of removal because he suffered past

persecution and demonstrated a clear probability of future persecution on a

protected ground.1

       When the BIA issues a decision, we review only that decision, “except to the

extent that it expressly adopts the IJ’s opinion.” Al Najjar v. Ashcroft, 257 F.3d
1262, 1284 (11th Cir. 2001). Here, the BIA did not expressly adopt the IJ’s

decision. We thus review the BIA’s decision and the IJ’s decision to the extent the

BIA adopted its reasoning. Id.

                                                  I.

       We lack jurisdiction to review a BIA decision that an asylum application is

untimely. Chacon-Botero v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 427 F.3d 954, 957 (11th Cir. 2005).

Petitioner’s application was untimely because it was not filed within one year after

his arrival in the United States, INA § 208(a)(2)(B), 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B), and

he failed to show to the BIA’s satisfaction that the untimeliness was excusable due

to changed or extraordinary circumstances, INA § 208(a)(2)(D), 8 U.S.C.

§ 1158(a)(2)(D). We therefore dismiss for lack of jurisdiction the instant petition

to the extent that it seeks review of the BIA’s asylum decision. We turn then to the

       1
          Petitioner’s brief does not challenge the BIA’s denial of CAT relief. We therefore
dismiss the petition for review to the extent that it seeks review of the denial of such relief. See
Sepulveda v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 401 F.3d 1226, 1228 n.2 (11th Cir. 2005).
                                                   3
issue we have jurisdiction to consider, whether petitioner is entitled to withholding

of removal.

                                           II.

       To qualify for withholding of removal under the INA, an alien must show

that, if returned to his country, his life or freedom would be threatened on account

of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political

opinion. INA § 241(b)(3)(A), 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A). “An alien bears the

burden of demonstrating that he more-likely-than-not would be persecuted or

tortured upon his return to the country in question.” Mendoza v. U.S. Att’y Gen.,

327 F.3d 1283, 1287 (11th Cir. 2003). The alien can meet this burden by showing

either (1) past persecution in his country based on a protected ground, in which

case a rebuttable presumption is created that his life or freedom would be

threatened if he returned to his country; or (2) “a future threat to his life or freedom

on a protected ground in his country.” Id.

      Although the INA does not expressly define “persecution,” we have said

that “persecution is an extreme concept, requiring more than a few isolated

incidents of verbal harassment or intimidation,” and “[m]ere harassment does not

amount to persecution.” Sepulveda, 401 F.3d at 1231 (quotations and citation

omitted) (alteration in original). Resistance to forced recruitment does not, by

itself, establish past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution on
                                            4
account of political opinion. INS. v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 481-83,

112 S. Ct. 812, 815-16, 117 L. Ed. 2d 38 (1992). Because a person might refuse to

join a guerilla group for reasons other than that person’s political opinion, the alien

must provide at least some evidence that the guerillas persecuted him on account of

a political opinion. Id. at 482-83, 112 S.Ct. at 815-818. Evidence of acts of

private violence or the petitioner’s failure to cooperate with guerillas “does not

constitute evidence of persecution based on a statutorily protected ground.” Ruiz

v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 440 F.3d 1247, 1258 (11th Cir. 2006). Additionally, evidence

of extortion, by itself, does not constitute evidence of persecution on a statutorily

protected ground. Rivera v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 487 F.3d 815, 821-22 (11th Cir.

2007). The fact that a petitioner has close family living unharmed in the region of

the home country to which the petitioner fears returning contradicts a claim of a

well-founded fear of persecution. Ruiz, 440 F.3d at 1258-59.

      At the hearing before the IJ, petitioner failed to establish a nexus between

the persecution he portrayed—that he and his family were subjected to attacks by

guerillas because of his father’s membership in the Civil Patrol—and his or his

family’s own political opinion. He also failed to establish past persecution on

account of any other protected ground. The BIA found petitioner ineligible for

withholding of removal because (1) his claim of future persecution rested entirely

on his assertion that he had been persecuted in the past, a fact that he failed to
                                            5
prove, and (2) his children, parents and siblings remain in Guatemala unharmed.

The record fully supports the BIA’s finding; hence, we affirm its decision denying

petitioner withholding of removal.

      PETITION DISMISSED, in part, and DENIED, in part.

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