Court Opinion

ID: 4908754
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-09-07 22:08:34.963229+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:13:17.432075
License: Public Domain

09/07/2021

                                       DA 21-0066
                                                                                         Case Number: DA 21-0066
           IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

                                     2021 MT 224N

 IN THE MATTER OF:

 K.E.R.,                                                          SEP 07 2021
                                                                Bowen Greenwood
                                                              Clerk of Supreme Court
            A Youth in Need of Care.                             St:-1k4 of Montane

APPEAL FROM:        District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District,
                    In and For the County of Yellowstone, Cause No. DN 19-88
                    Honorable Michael G. Moses, Presiding Judge

COUNSEL OF RECORD:

             For Appellant:

                    Taryn Gray, Driscoll Hathaway Law Group, Missoula, Montana

            For Appellee:

                   Austin Knudsen, Montana Attorney General, Katie F. Schulz, Assistant
                   Attorney General, Helena, Montana

                   Scott D. Twito, Yellowstone County Attorney, Scott Pederson, Deputy
                   County Attorney, Billings, Montana

                                                Submitted on Briefs: July 28, 2021

                                                           Decided: September 7, 2021

Filed:

                                        Clerk
 Justice Ingrid Gustafson delivered the Opinion of the Court.

 ¶1     Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating

 Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not

serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this

Court's quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana

Reports.

¶2      K.M. (Mother) appeals from the Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Order

Terminating Parental Rights issued May 20, 2021, by the Thirteenth Judicial District Court,

Yellowstone County, terminating Mother's parental rights to K.E.R. (Child). We affirm.

¶3      The Department of Public Health and Human Services, Child and Family Services

Division (the Department) became involved with this family at the hospital shortly after

Mother gave birth to her second child.' At the tirne Mother's second child was born, Child

was in the care of her rnaternal grandmother (Grandmother) and had been in her care for

several months prior.

¶4     A Show Cause hearing was held March 27, 2019, where Mother did not contest the

relief requested by the Department. Child was adjudicated a Youth in Need of Care (YINC)

on May 22, 2019. The court approved Mother's Phase I Treatment Plan on May 22, 2019,

1 The second child is not at issue in this case. At the time of delivery, Mother had made
arrangements to place that child for adoption through Lutheran Social Services. That adoption has
since occurred.

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 which was filed April 1, 2019. Almost a year later, on March 13, 2020, the Department

 filed a petition seeking termination of Mother's parental rights.

¶5      Mother contested termination of her parental rights and hearing on the Department's

termination petition was held August 26, 2020. At the hearing, Mother basically admitted

she had not successfully completed her treatment plan but rather sought additional time to

work her treatrnent plan. At the end of the hearing, the District Court acknowledged that

Mother had completed some of her treatment plan tasks, had worked hard over the

preceding eight weeks, and that her condition had changed slightly for the better. The

District Court weighed whether, under these circumstances where Mother had shown some

recent improved change, it was in Child's best interest to secure permanency with

termination of Mother's parental rights or to provide Mother additional time to work her

treatment plan. Ultimately, the District Court ruled from the bench, terminating Mother's

parental rights.

¶6     We review a court's decision to terminate parental rights for abuse of discretion—

whether the court acted arbitrarily, without conscientious judgment, or exceeded the

bounds of reason, resulting in substantial injustice. In re A.S., 2016 MT 156, ¶ 11,

384 Mont. 41, 373 P.3d 848. We review a district court's findings of fact for clear error

and conclusions of law for correctness. In re MVR., 2016 MT 309, 1123, 385 Mont. 448,

384 P.3d 1058.

¶7     Mother asserts the Department failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that

terrnination of Mother's parental rights was in Child's best interest. She asserts rather there
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was clear and convincing evidence that Child's best interests would be served by

guardianship, rather than terrnination of her parental rights. The State counters that Mother

failed to suggest at any time throughout the pendency of the case that the Department

should pursue guardianship with Grandrnother.

¶8      Generally, we do not consider issues raised for the first time on appeal as it is

fundamentally unfair to fault a trial court for failing to correctly consider an issue it was

never given the opportunity to consider. In re MC., 2017 MT 252, ¶ 14, 389 Mont. 78,

403 P.3d 1266. We agree with Mother that a court may order guardianship as a disposition

pursuant to § 41-3-444, MCA.2 We agree with Mother that adoption does not necessarily

offer safer or better well-being outcomes for children when compared to children who

exited into guardianship and there is no statutory permanency preference between

guardianship and adoption. See In re A.B., 2020 MT 64, ¶ 52, 399 Mont. 219, 460 P.3d

405 (Gustafson, J., concurring). While guardianship may be an available disposition in an

abuse or neglect proceeding, it is not what the Department sought here. The Department

filed a petition seeking termination of Mother's parental rights. Mother contested it,

arguing she should be given more time to complete her treatrnent plan to effectuate

sustained change. Mother acknowledged she had not completed the tasks of her treatment

2 Pursuant to § 41-3-444, MCA, guardianship is an available disposition if a child has been
adjudicated a YINC, the Department has rnade reasonable reunification efforts, the child has lived
with the potential guardian in a family setting, termination of parental rights is not in the child's
best interests or parental rights have been terminated, but adoption is not in the child's best
interests, and the Department has consented to the guardianship.

                                                 4
plan and requested, in light of the recent gains she had made, the District Court permit her

additional tirne to work her treatment plan. Although Mother's counsel made inquiry of

Grandmother at the termination hearing as to whether she would be willing to be a

guardian, that was the extent to which Mother raised the issue of guardianship. She did

not file any petition, motion, or written request that the court consider guardianship. She

did not assert she had sought consent from the Department to a guardianship and said

consent had been unreasonably denied. In fact, there is nothing in the record to suggest

Mother, or Grandmother, sought consent of the Department to a guardianship or that the

Department in any way considered the alternative of guardianship.                 When the court

expressed that it had to determine if it was in Child's best interest to secure permanency

through terrnination with adoption or delay permanency to permit Mother more time to

work her treatrnent plan, Mother did not suggest guardianship as an alternative—a means

of securing permanency while still permitting Mother incentive to continue to improve her

condition and retain her parental rights. As such, we agree with the State that Mother failed

to preserve for appeal her claim that it was in Child's best interest to accomplish a

guardianship with Grandmother rather than terminate her parental rights.3

3 Appellant counsel's apt briefing on the availability of guardianship as a disposition and emerging
data that adoption does not necessarily offer safer or better well-being outcomes for children who
exited to adoption compared to those who exited to guardianship cannot overcome Mother's failure
to raise this issue below.

                                                 5
¶9     The record supports the District Court's termination of Mother's parental rights

pursuant to § 41-3-609(1)(f) and -609(2), MCA.         Child was adjudicated a YINC on

May 22, 2019.4 See § 41-3-609(1)(f), MCA. An appropriate treatment plan was approved

by the court, which Mother did not successfully complete. See § 41-3-609(1)(f)(i), MCA.

Although the conduct rendering Mother unable to parent had been ameliorated to some

extent in the approximate eight weeks prior to the termination hearing, Mother had not

shown sustained change and her condition continued to render her unable to give Child

adequate care for the foreseeable future. See § 46-3-609(1)(f)(ii), MCA. This would likely

result in continued abuse or neglect had Child been returned to Mother's care at that time.

See § 46-3-609(2), MCA.

¶1 0   Mother asserts the District Court erred in concluding it was in Child's best interest

to terminate the parent-child relationship between Mother and Child as there was evidence

presented that Child had a strong bond with Mother and it was in Child's best interest to

maintain a relationship with Mother. Mother is correct the record supports it is in Child's

best interest to maintain a relationship with Mother. The record also supports it is in

Child's best interest to maintain her relationship with Grandmother, as well as maintain the

stability of the home and care Grandmother has provided throughout Child's entire life.

4 Several months before the Department became involved with the family, Mother and
Grandmother agreed Child should reside with Grandmother as Mother had relapsed and was
experiencing housing instability. Although Child was residing in a safe placement with
Grandmother on a full-time basis, Mother did not contest adjudication of Child as a YINC.

                                             6
 The record supports the District Court's conclusion that the relationship with Mother, as

 well as the relationship with Grandmother and the stability of care Grandmother provides

 can be accomplished through termination of Mother's rights with adoption by

Grandmother. Grandmother is concerned not only for the care and well-being of Child but

also for Mother. Under the unique facts of this case, Grandrnother is in a position to rneet

Child's best interests by being able to safely maintain a relationship between Child and

Mother as Mother continues to address her substance abuse and rnental health issues, while

also providing Child with the critical stability and permanency she needs.5

1111    We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of our

Internal Operating Rules, which provides for mernorandurn opinions. In the opinion of the

Court, the case presents a question controlled by settled law or by the clear application of

applicable standards of review.

¶12    Affirmed.

                                                                         Justice

We concur:

              hief Justice

       e94 M JUL_
5 While this may also have been possible to achieve through a guardianship, the District Court was
not required to sua sponte consider guardianship as an alternative to termination. The court's
findings of fact were not clearly erroneous and its conclusions of law were correct.
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    Justices

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