Court Opinion

ID: 8020003
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-09-09 02:09:31.071908+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:36:36.625545
License: Public Domain

WALKER, J.
This appeal seeks the review of a suit tried in the circuit court of the City of St. Louis, which resulted in a judgment in favor of respondent, for the enforcement of the lien of six special tax bills against parcels of land owned by appellants. These bills had been issued by said city to the respondent, for the construction of what was designated as a Second Section of the North Harlem Joint District Sewer. Numerous special defenses were interposed. We will examine those to which the appellants call attention in their assignment of errors, which are as follows:
*634That the trial court erred in not finding for appellants upon the whole record; that appellants’ declarations of law should have been given; that the tax bills violated rights guaranteed under Section 21 or Section 30, Article 2, of the Constitution of Missouri, and the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States.
Advertising for Bids. I. Appellants contend that the ordinance authorizing the work contained no provision requiring an ad- [’ vertising for bids, and that the tax bills issued thereunder were consequently invalid. This contention, more briefly put, is that the ordinance is void in not directing the Board of Public Improvements to advertise for bids in a particular manner.
"While the ordinance authorizing this work was silent as to the manner in which the advertisment for bids was to be made, the charter relative thereto, in force at the time of these proceedings, provided that: “The Board of Public Improvements shall prepare and submit to the Assembly an ordinance, with an estimate- of the cost endorsed thereon, by the president of the board, authorizing the doing of any proposed work, and under the direction of the ordinance authorizing the same, shall advertise for bids, in the papers doing the city printing, three times, the last publication to be at least ten days before the day appointed for the opening of the bids, stating the general nature of the work to be done and the time and place when the bids will be received, and shall let out said work by contract to the lowest responsible bidder. Any other mode of letting out or contracting for work shall be held as illegal and void. But when so provided in the ordinance authorizing or directing the work to be done, the advertising may be for a different period, and in other papers than those provided above.” [Part of Sec. 27, Art. 6, Charter of St. Louis, adopted Oct. 20, 1901.]
*635The manner of the required advertisement is thus clearly and directly prescribed, and that it was pursued as thus directed, there is no controversy. If provision had been made in the ordinance as to the manner of the advertising, it would have accomplished no purpose, unless another mode than that authorized by the charter had been indicated.
In Bambrick v. Campbell, 37 Mo. App. l. c. 465, the St. Louis Court of Appeals, in an opinion by Eombatjbe, P. J., in discussing a provision of the city charter then in force, in relation to the purchasing of supplies, held, that “where the charter prescribed that the municipal assembly shall provide by ordinance for the purchase of all articles by the commissioner of supplies by advertising for proposals, and then stated in detail the manner of advertising and the opening of bids, and the awarding of contracts, that the object of the charter was to make advertisements and bids for public work conform to this 'provision, and that the ordinance referred .to,' in the charter provision above quoted, ‘under the direction of the ordinance,’ meant an- ordinance providing for advertising which conforms in details to the charter requirement in advertising for bids for supplies; and that the object of the provision was to secure to the public the same particularity and exactness in advertisements for public work as the charter requires in advertisements for supplies. No claim is made that the board did not advertise for this work, as required by the charter provision; the only claim being that the advertisement was not provided for in the ordinance providing for the improvement.” Under this state of facts, the court held that there was no merit in the assignment as to the insufficiency in the advertisement.
The purpose of advertising is to secure competitive bids. This can be as effectively accomplished under the power granted by the charter as if prescribed in an ordinance; that the latter might, under the authority of the charter, have provided for a ddifferent manner of publicity than is required by the former, it may be *636admitted. Of this, however, appellants do not complain, hut simply of the absence of a provision from the ordinance directing the manner in which the. public was to be notified that bids for the work would be received. It is true that in the imposition of public burdens upon private property, the law' authorizing same should be strictly complied with, that no right the owner of the property is entitled to may be denied to him. As Ellison, J., aptly said in City of Kirksville v. Coleman, 103 Mo. App. l. c. 221: “It is well known and universally- recognized that there is nothing the law guards with more care and jealousy than it does the right, of man to demand that, before his money or property be taken from him without his consent, every provision of the law made for that purpose shall be strictly followed.” But, under the facts, that doctrine cannot be invoked here. The charter provision as to advertising was ample in itself to give notice to the public of the proceeding and as a consequence to afford an opportunity to contractors to bid for the work. Having been complied with, the appellants can not claim that its requirements were not observed, and hence no possibility of injury to them can be said to have arisen. Appellants’ complaint, therefore, must necessarily be limited to the contention that the absence of a requirement as to advertising from the ordinance rendered it invalid to the extent that the Board of Public Improvements were not authorized to proceed thereunder, through a lack of jurisdiction.
If the reasoning of Judge Rombattee, in the Barnbrick case, supra, concerning the construction to be given a charter provision in regard to advertising, almost indentical in its terms with that under consideration, is not' sufficient by parity of reasoning to settle this question adversely to appellants’ contention, then a reference to the elementary rules regulating the course to be pursued in a case of this character may with propriety be resorted to.
A municipal contract for public improvements is subject to the following general limitations and condi*637tions: (1) the subject matter of the proposed contract must be included within the ordinance ordering the' improvement; (2) the contract must not surrender or abrogate any public function or duty; (3) it must be let and made in accordance with the method prescribed. As we have shown, a formal compliance with these general rules was observed in this proceeding, in that the ordinance possessed all of the jurisdictional features it was required to possess as to the nature and character of the improvements: [City of Poplar Bluff v. Bacon, 144 Mo. App. 476; Coulter v. Const. Co., 131 Mo. App. 267.] This being true, it cannot be reasonably App. 230; Barber Asphalt Co. v. O’Brien, 128 Mo. said that there was anything lacking to give the Board of Public Improvements full and complete jurisdiction in the premises. There is, therefore, no merit in this contention.
Delay II. The appellants complain of delay in the letting and completion of the contract. The pertinent facts, briefly stated, are as follows: The first call for bids was promptly made upon the adoption of the ordinance, but all of these were rejected as being too high. Within a reasonable time thereafter the board again advertised ^or bids, which were again deemed excessive and rejected. Not long thereafter, a third notice was given, and this time the board accepted the best bid received and awarded the contract. There was a marked change in the conditions of labor and the prices of materials at the time of each of these bids, for which the board was not responsible. At it turned out, its attemps to secure lower prices were unsuccessful, but that it acted in good faith there is no doubt. Its discretionary power enabled it to make these different attempts, and consequently, its inability to secure the performance of the contract as low as that offered in the first bids does not impair its power in the face of the fact that it was evidently acting for the best interests of the municipality, and the public. No question *638can arise, therefore, although the last bid was higher than the first, as to the board’s right to re-advertise in the effort to secure more favorable terms.
Whatever delay occurred was, as the facts disclose, on the part of the city, for which the contractor was in nowise responsible. In the discussion of this question in Jaicks v. Middlesex Inv. Co., 201 Mo. 111, where an ordinance authorized an improvement to be made, and gave full authority 'for the letting of the contract for same, we held that we were unwilling to say that the contractor who, it appeared, had entered into the contract with reasonable promptitude, and had proceeded speedily to do the work in compliance therewith, should be defeated in regard of his claim therefor on account of the delay on the part of the board letting the contract, and which was not occasioned by the contractor. [Frech v. Lewis, 218 Pa. l. c. 144.] Following this ruling the Kansas City Court of Appeals in Jones v. Paving Co., 174 Mo. App. l. c. 404, held: “that the failure of an ordinance to fix the time for the completion of the work does not invalidate the ordinance and that ‘the tax bills issued in payment of the work are not void because of long delay in letting the contract for the doing of the work, if the contract was in conformity with the ordinance and the work was done and completed in compliance with the contract.’ ” To a like effect is Koch v. Shepherd, 193 S. W. (Mo.) 601.
Cases cited by appellants in support of their contention in this behalf may, from their facts, readily be differentiated from the Jaicks and Jones cases, supra, either because in the former, time was expressly made an essence of the contract, which was not the case here, or the delays were shown to have been destructive of competitive bidding, and thus opened the door to fraud and favoritism. To this class belong the case of Metropolitan Paving Co. v. Girard Inv. Co., 194 Mo. App. 661; Barber Asphalt Co. v. K. C. Brick Co., 170 Mo. App. 503; Marshall v. Wisdom, *639127 Mo. App. 640, and others of like tenor. We overrule this contention.
Sections of Sewer District. III. Appellants insist that the tax hills are void because the ordinance is not comprehensive of the entire work of constructing the sewer, Provisions that such work shall he contracted for and done in sections. The charter provision regulating this proceeding is as follows: “When the extent and character of a joint district sewer is such as, in the opinion of the Board of Public Improvements, render its division into sections advisable, an ordinance or ordinances directing and authorizing the construction of one or more sections may be passed, and when the work in any such section is fully completed, special tax bills to the amount of the cost of such section shall be issued as herein provided.” [Sec. 22, Art. VI., Charter of St. Louis, in force at the time of this proceeding.]
Pursuant to this provision, the Board of Public Improvements, after entering upon its records a resolution that “the extent and character of the Joint District Sewer is such as to render its division into sections advisable,” recommended two separate ordinances, authorizing the construction of the first and second sections of said sewer. The city’s estimated part of the cost of each of these sections was endorsed on each of these respective ordinances as required by another section (28) of the charter. Prom the fact of these endorsements, appellants urge that the section requiring same (28) must apply in its entirety. This section is as follows: “Every ordinance requiring work to be done shall contain a specific appropriation from the proper revenue and fund for such part thereof as may be payable by the city, based upon an estimate of cost, to be endorsed by the President of the Board of Public Improvements on said ordinance, for the whole of the cost of the proposed work. Provided, however, that *640when the work contemplated by such ordinance is of such magnitude that the total cost thereof would exceed the amount of money then in the city treasury, and available for such purpose, the ordinance may provide for the whole work, which shall prescribe that it shall be contracted for and done in sections or parts as the Assembly shall, from time to time, appropriate the money to pay for the same. But in all such cases the work to be done in sections or parts shall be limited to the amount appropriated for the doing of such sections or parts, and in this manner ultimately to complete the work specified. ” [Sec. 28, Art. VI., Charter of St. Louis, in force at the time.]
It is the contention of appellants that the word “may” should be construed as “shall” in the provision, “that the ordinance may provide for the whole work.” It is evident from their respective provisions, that Section 22 provides one possible method of procedure, and Section 28 another possible method, and that either may be adopted. Whichever course is pursued, the endorsement of the cost required by Section 28 must be made. The result of appellants’ contention would be to hold Section 28 mandatory, and to annul Section 22, This would violate the fundamental canon of construction which requires that both sections should stand if possible, and that a discretionary power should be left in the city assembly in the enactment of ordinances to follow the method pointed out in one or the other.
Appellants contend further that while the work may be done in sections, it can only be as a part of a definitely ascertained whole, and that the entire plán or scheme must be provided for in advance. Otherwise, they say, the whole district will be taxed for a sewer which benefits only a part, with no assurance that it will be extended so as to benefit all the district alike. Following the reasoning of the respondent, which we deem sound, in replying to this contention, the answer may be made that the sewer district having been established, it is the duty of the proper city officials to provide adequate *641sewer facilities within the district for all of its territory as such sewers are needed which will be paid for by the entire district. This conclusion is based upon the well established presumption, not only that public officials will do their duty, but that they will do it as speedily as the needs of the district demand.
In McGhee v. Walsh, 249 Mo. 266, we held that where a district had been created, sewers may be constructed in a part thereof, and the whole district taxed therefor, as it is presumed that when sewers are needed in a part of a district not reached by the first section, they will be constructed at the cost of the entire district. This ruling we regard as decisive of the matter here at issue.
Constitutional Ordinance. IV. Subordinate to and akin to the foregoing contention, appellants urge that the ordinance authorizing this improvement is void as being unconstitutional in that it taxes all the property of the district for a sewer which benefits only a part. Practically the same argument is adduced by appellants here as is urged in the preceding contention. The ruling, therefore, in McGhee v. Walsh, supra, is equally applicable here as in the foregoing.
Besides, it cannot be said that the property would not be benefited which is not directly adjacent to the sewer. Much territory will, according to common experience, be drained which is not so situated. However, that is not a legitimate matter of controversy. The action of the municipal assembly in assessing all of the ground within the sewer district, having been entrusted by the State Legislature to the city assembly, the action of the latter will be held to be immune from collateral attack unless it be affirmatively shown that such action was exercised arbitrarily, fraudulently, and oppressively. [Prendergast Const. Co. v. Goldsmith, 273 Mo. l. c. 191 and cases; McGhee v. Walsh, supra.] There was no such showing.
*642Cost in Excess Estimate. Y. It is further contended that the actual exceeded the estimated cost, and that the tax hills were thereby rendered void. This question has received consideration in the case of Kelley v. Morton, 179 Mo. App. 296, where the estimated cost was only 42 per cent of the actual cost. In relation thereto, the court said: “Where the statute does not restrict the amount of the final assessment to the amount of the preliminary estimate, the latter is advisory merely (citing cases). Being advisory only, it cannot, by reason of its being a poor or inaccurate estimate, defeat and render invalid an assessment. Unless the statute is violated, it would be unjust to deprive the contractor of the rewards of his work, after he has honestly and faithfully performed his contract, merely because the advice given by the city’s engineer was not accurate. As said in Sheridan v. Fleming, 93 Mo. l. c. 325, ‘the contractor has nothing to do with the estimate; and to say that he must go unpaid because of a mistake of the commissioners in a matter over which he has no control is manifestly unjust. The law contemplates no such results.’ ”
The charter then in force did not limit the contract price to the amount of the estimate. In the absence, therefore, of any showing of other than good faith, the contractor should not be deprived of his right to be paid for what can, at the utmost, only be construed as an error of judgment.
City's Portion of Cost, VI. It is contended by the appellants that the failure of the city to specificially appropriate enough money to pay its share of the cost of the section of the sewer to be constructed prior to the letting of the contract, invalidates the bills. If, for any reason, the city does not pay its share for the improvement as finally ascertained, appellants have no ground of complaint, as their burden is not thereby increased. The amount they are required to pay is deter*643mined by the proportion which, their property hears to the area of the entire district.
In Schneider Granite Co. v. Gast R. & I. Co., 259 Mo. l. c. 167, the city appropriated more than sufficient funds to pay its share for the improvement, and it was contended that the liability of the property owners was limited to the difference between the total cost and the city’s oppropriation. We held this to be incorrect, and that the appropriation did not fix the amount to be paid by the city, but merely designated the fund from which it should be paid. The language of the court in that regard being: “It is true that it was necessary for the ordinance to make an appropriation for paying the city’s part, but this provision. cannot fix the city’s proportionate part. It can only provide the funds out of which the proportionate part (otherwise fixed) can be paid.” The doctrine thus announced is applicable under the facts at bar. The burden of the cost of the inprovement which the city is required to pay, and the burden which the property owner shall pay, are entirely independent of each other.
The exercise of that discretion with which the legislative department of the city was vested in authorizing an improvement of the character here in question was within reason, [St. Louis v. United Railways, 263 Mo. l. c. 455; State ex rel. v. K. C. Term. Ry. Co., 260 Mo. 489; Am. Tob. Co. v. City of St. Louis, 247 Mo. 374; Newcombe v. Kramer, 189 Mo. App. 538.] The appellants were denied no substantial right and suffered no material injury. They were only required to bear a burden regularly imposed under the authority of the law. Of this they cannot complain..
The judgment of the trial court is, therefore, affirmed.
All concur.