Court Opinion

ID: 4680116
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-04-22 17:16:15.882024+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:03:53.078466
License: Public Domain

J-S05009-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
              v.                          :
                                          :
                                          :
 THERESA WILE                             :
                                          :
                    Appellant             :   No. 637 EDA 2020

      Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered January 21, 2020
   In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County Criminal Division
                     at No(s): CP-46-CR-0008045-2018

BEFORE: BOWES, J., LAZARUS, J., and McLAUGHLIN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                              Filed: April 22, 2021

      Theresa Wile appeals from the judgment of sentence of three months of

probation and the costs of prosecution imposed after the trial court convicted

her of two counts of disorderly conduct. We affirm.

      On the evening of October 12, 2018, officers answered a call of a woman

in distress to find Appellant screaming loudly in front of her residence. After

shouting obscenities at the officers while they inquired as to her needs and

mental health, she eventually calmed down. As the officers moved to depart,

she resumed her screaming, becoming increasingly loud, causing neighbors

to stand outside and observe the spectacle. When Appellant persisted in her

agitated vocalization after being advised that she was disturbing the peace

and would be arrested if she did not cease, she was placed under arrest.

Officers carried her by her arms to their vehicle while she struggled. Even
J-S05009-21

after she was secured in the squad car, Appellant threw herself bodily against

the front-back seat partition in continued protest. When Appellant repeatedly

requested that the officers shoot her in the face, they decided to transport her

to a hospital.

       Appellant was charged with two counts of disorderly conduct as a result

of this incident.1 Following a bench trial, which featured the testimony of one

of the officers and Appellant as well as dash cam footage from the incident,

the trial court found her guilty on both counts, and later sentenced her as

detailed above.2 Appellant filed a timely appeal following the denial of her

post-sentence motion.        Appellant presents the following questions for our

consideration:

____________________________________________

1 Specifically, Appellant was charged under the following provisions of the
disorderly conduct statute:

       A person is guilty of disorderly conduct if, with intent to cause
       public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating
       a risk thereof, [s]he:

              (1) engages in fighting or threatening, or in violent or
              tumultuous behavior; [or]

              ....

              (4) creates a hazardous or physically offensive condition by
              any act which serves no legitimate purpose of the actor.

18 Pa.C.S. § 5503(a).

2 Appellant testified that she was merely outside praying when the police
arrived at her residence. See N.T. Trial, 11/4/19, at 102.

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J-S05009-21

     1.    Whether the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to
     prove beyond a reasonable doubt that [Appellant] had the
     requisite intent for 18 Pa.C.S. § 5503(a)(4) disorderly conduct
     and 18 Pa.C.S. § 5503(a)(1)?

     2.    Whether the court erred in imposing costs of prosecution
     and supervision fees on [Appellant], an indigent person, absent
     consideration of her ability to pay?

Appellant’s brief at 2 (unnecessary capitalization and suggested answers

omitted).

     The following legal principles inform our review. Regarding Appellant’s

sufficiency challenge, we bear in mind:

     Because a determination of evidentiary sufficiency presents a
     question of law, our standard of review is de novo and our scope
     of review is plenary. In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence,
     we must determine whether the evidence admitted at trial and all
     reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, viewed in the light most
     favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner, were sufficient
     to prove every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt.
     [T]he facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth
     need not preclude every possibility of innocence. It is within the
     province of the fact-finder to determine the weight to be accorded
     to each witness’s testimony and to believe all, part, or none of the
     evidence. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving
     every element of the crime by means of wholly circumstantial
     evidence. Moreover, as an appellate court, we may not re-weigh
     the evidence and substitute our judgment for that of the fact-
     finder.

Commonwealth v. Williams, 176 A.3d 298, 305-06 (Pa.Super. 2017)

(citations and quotation marks omitted).

     As to Appellant’s challenge to the imposition of costs of prosecution

without first determining her ability to pay them, the issue “implicates the

interpretation of the Rules of Criminal Procedure, which presents a question

                                    -3-
J-S05009-21

of law. Therefore, our standard of review is de novo, and our scope of review

is plenary.” Commonwealth v. Lopez, ___ A.3d ___, 2021 WL 1096376 at

*1 (Pa.Super. March 23, 2021) (en banc).

      After a thorough review of the certified record, the parties’ briefs and

the pertinent law, we discern no error of law or abuse of discretion on the part

of the trial court as to the issues raised by Appellant, and we affirm the

judgment of sentence on the basis of the cogent and well-reasoned opinion

that Honorable Steven T. O’Neill entered on June 4, 2020.

      Specifically, Judge O’Neill observed that the law and the evidence,

including reasonable inferences therefrom, supported his finding that

Appellant acted with reckless disregard for the risk of causing public

annoyance or alarm when she screamed so loudly that it echoed off nearby

homes and caused neighbors to spectate, then struggled so much when taken

into custody that she kicked off her pants.   See Trial Court Opinion, 6/4/20,

at 4-5. See also Commonwealth v. Rahman, 75 A.3d 497, 503 (Pa.Super.

2013) (holding intent to cause inconvenience established by evidence that the

defendant ignored warnings to cease loud and boisterous behavior and

escalated his physical aggression as officers attempted to escort him away).

Further, Judge O’Neill correctly explained that Appellant was not entitled to a

hearing on her ability to pay before being sentenced to pay costs, as

Pa.R.Crim.P. 706 requires a hearing only before incarcerating a defendant for

failure to pay. Id. at 7-8 (citing, inter alia, Commonwealth v. Childs, 63

                                     -4-
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A.3d 323, 325 (Pa.Super. 2013)). See also Lopez, supra at *5 (reaffirming

“Childs’ holding that a that a defendant is not entitled to an ability-to-pay

hearing before a court imposes court costs at sentencing”).      For all of the

foregoing reasons, we affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence.

     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date:4/22/21

                                    -5-
                                            Received 10/6/2020 12:44:07   AN:4cromov w• & [;PmgtlPlcM

                                                Filed 10/6/2020 12:44:00 AM Superior Court Eastern District
                                                                                            637 EDA 2020

     IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY
                         PENNSYLVANIA
                       CRIMINAL DIVISION

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                                  NO. 8045-18
                                                              637 EDA 2020
              V.

THERESA WILE

                                   OPINION
O'NEILL, J.                                                            June TO 2020
                                                                                           c•
                                                                        —                  C

      The Defendant, Theresa Wile, appeals from the judgment of sentences
                                                                                                      -
                                                                                                      Tic'
entered on January 21., 2020. For the reasons set forth below, the judgment of•••
                                                                                                         `5
sentence should be affirmed.

      I.      Facts and Procedural History

      On the evening of October 1.2, 2018, police were dispatched to the

Defendant's home in Lansdale, Montgomery County, for a call of a woman in
                                                    1

distress. N.T. Nov. 4, 2019 at 73. When officers arrived, they found the

Defendant in front of her home, screaming loudly enough for it to echo off of

neighboring homes. Id. at 74-75. Officers asked the Defendant how they could

help her and she replied that she needed a cigarette. Id. at 75. They explained

to her the purpose of 911. Id. Officers asked her if she wanted to hurt herself

or anyone else. Id. The Defendant continued to shout obscenities at the

officers. Id. at 76. She eventually calmed down and officers began to leave. Id.

At that point, she called them back to her residence and began screaming

again. Id. Officers advised her that she was disturbing the peace. Id. The

Defendant requested the identity of the 911 caller. Id. She continued to get

louder. Id. at 77. Neighbors were outside watching what was happening. Id.

                                        1
Officers repeatedly asked the Defendant to go inside her home advised her that

she would be under arrest if she did not stop screaming. Id. When she failed to

comply after several requests, she was placed under arrest. Id.     Officers

approached the Defendant and handcuffed her, at which point she began to

struggle with the officers and refused to walk. Id.   Officers had to pick her up

by the arms to assist her to a patrol vehicle, she continued to kick and struggle

with the officers. Id. at 77-78. Once officers were able to get her into the car,

she began to throw herself against the partition. Id. at 82; Commonwealth

Exhibit C-7. The Defendant also told officers to "Shoot me in the fucking face."

Id. At this point, they decided to transport her to Lansdale Hospital. Id.     As a

result of this incident, she was charged with two counts of Disorderly Conduct.

18 Pa. C.S.A. § 5503 (a)(1), (4).

      Following a trial by bench', the Defendant was convicted of both counts

of summary disorderly conduct. 2 These counts merged for purposes of

sentencing. On January 21, 2020 she was sentenced to a three month term of

probation and ordered to pay the costs of prosecution. The Defendant filed a

post-sentence motion, which this Court denied on February 6, 2020. This

appeal followed. The Defendant was directed, pursuant to Pa. R.A. P. 1925 (b)

to file a concise statement of errors; she has since complied with that directive.

'She was simultaneously convicted in the matter indexed at 8044-18 and
sentenced to a consecutive three month term of probation. This matter is
addressed separately in the appeal indexed at 636 EDA 2020.
2 18 Pa. C.S.A. § 5503 (a)(1), (4).

                                         z
      II.       Issues

   The Defendant raises the following issues in her concise statement:

   1. Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence with regard to
      the requisite intent(s) of both count 1and count 2.

   2. Appellant challenges the weight of the evidence with regard to
      weighing the evidence introduced to prove the requisite intent of
      count 1and count 2.

   3. Appellant challenges the imposition of costs and supervision fees
      without consideration of Ms. Wile's ability to pay.

      III.      Discussion

      The Defendant's first two claims challenge the weight and sufficiency of

the evidence against her. It is well settled that,

             [i]n reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we are required to
             view the evidence, and all permissible inferences to be drawn
             therefrom, in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, as
             verdict winner. The test is whether, taking as true the evidence
             most favorable to the Commonwealth, together with all
             reasonable inferences therefrom, the evidence is sufficient to
             prove appellant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

      Commonwealth v. Ruffin, 463 A.2d 1117, 1118-19 (Pa. Super.                  1983)

      (citations omitted).

      A true weight of the evidence challenge concedes that sufficient evidence

exists to sustain the verdict but questions which evidence is to be believed.

Commonwealth v. Morgan, 913 A.2d 906, 909 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citing

Commonwealth v. Charlton, 902 A.2d 554, 561 (Pa. Super. 2006) (quoting

Commonwealth v. Galindes, 786 A.2d 1004, 1013 (Pa. Super. 2001)). The

weight of the evidence is exclusively for the finder of fact who is free to believe

                                            3
all, part, or none of the evidence and to determine the credibility of the

witnesses. Commonwealth v. Champney, 832 A.2d 403, 408 (Pa. 2003)).

Accordingly, a weight of the evidence challenge contests the weight that is

accorded the testimonial. evidence. Morgan, 913 A.2d at 909 (citing Armbruster

v. Horowitz, 744 A.2d 285, 286 (Pa. Super. 1999)). In reviewing a weight of the

evidence challenge, "[a] new trial should be granted only where the verdict is so

contrary to the evidence as to shock one's sense of justice." Commonwealth v.

Davidson, 860 A.2d 575, 581 (Pa.Super. 2004) (internal citation and quotation

omitted). Both claims are without merit and must fail.

      First, there was sufficient evidence of intent. "A person is guilty of

disorderly conduct if, with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or

alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, [s]he: engages in fighting or

threatening, or in violent or tumultuous behavior; creates a hazardous or

physically offensive condition by any act which serves no legitimate purpose of

the actor."   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5503(a)(1), (4). "The specific intent requirement of

this statute `may be met by a showing of a reckless disregard of the.risk of

public inconvenience,' annoyance, or alarm ...." Commonwealth v. Troy, 832

A.2d 1089, 1.094 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation omitted).

      Instantly, police responded to a call of a woman in distress. When they

arrived, they found the Defendant in her front yard, screaming so loudly that it

echoed off of neighboring homes. Officers tried repeatedly to deescalate the

situation and encouraged the Defendant to go inside her home. She briefly

complied, by moving toward her home, before calling officers back and

                                          4
continuing to scream loudly and shout expletives at the officers within earshot

of her neighbors who were outside at the time.

        Once officers decided to arrest the Defendant she struggled with them

and refused to walk to the car, kicking her pants off in the process. Once they

were able to get her into the car, she began throwing her body into the

partition. Clearly, she acted with reckless disregard of the risk of public

inconvenience, annoyance or alarm and the evidence was sufficient to prove

intent as to both counts of disorderly conduct.

        Next, she challenges the weight of the evidence of intent. This claim

must also fail. The Defendant took the stand in her defense and testified that

she was outside praying when officers arrived. N.T. Nov. 4, 2019 at 103. This

Court, as factfinder, was free to believe some, all or none of her testimony in

that regard. Based on the testimony of officers and the dash cam video, 3 this

Court did not find the Defendant's testimony to be credible. Therefore, the

verdict was not against the weight of the evidence and this claim must fail.

        In her final issue, the Defendant challenges the imposition of the costs of

prosecution. While the Defendant did raise this claim in a post-sentence

motion, she did not raise it at the time of sentencing when costs were imposed,

thus she may have waived the issue. N.T. Jan. 21, 2020 at 1.9.      Insofar as this

claim may implicate the legality of the Defendant's sentence, which cannot be

waived, she is due no relief. Commonwealth v. Childs, 63 A.3d 323, 325 (Pa.

Super. 201.3)(stating that challenge to denial of hearing on inability to pay

3   Exhibit C-7.

                                          5
"contests the authority of the court to impose the costs at issue and, therefore,

challenges the legality of his sentence"). A defendant is not entitled to a pre-

sentence hearing on his ability to pay. Id. (citing Commonwealth v.

Hernandez, 917 A.2d 332, 336-37 (Pa. Super. 2007)).                Therefore, this claim is

without merit and must fail.

         Pursuant to the Rules of Criminal Procedure, the "court shall not commit

the defendant to prison for failure to pay a fine or costs unless it appears after

hearing that the defendant is financially able to pay the fine or costs." Pa. R.

Crim. P. 706 (A). Accordingly, "[while Rule 706 "permits a defendant to

demonstrate financial inability either after a default hearing or when costs are

initially ordered to be paid in installments," the Rule only requires such a

hearing prior to any order directing incarceration for failure to pay the ordered

costs. Childs, 63 A.3d at 326 (citing Hernandez, 917 A.2d at 337)(emphasis in

original). In Hernandez, the Superior Court concluded that a hearing on ability

to pay is not required at the time that costs are imposed:

         The Supreme Court ... did not state that Fuller4 requires a trial
         court to assess the defendant's financial ability to make payment
         at the time of sentencing. In interpreting Fuller, numerous federal
         and state jurisdictions have held that it is not constitutionally
         necessary to have a determination of the defendant's ability to pay
         prior   to   or   at   the   judgment       of   sentence....   [We]   conclude
         that Fuller compels a trial court only to make a determination of an
         indigent defendant's ability to render payment before he/she is
         committed.

Hernandez, 917 A.2d at 337.

4   Fuller v. Oregon, 94 S.Ct. 21 1.6, 21.18, 417 U.S. 40, 40 (1974).

                                                 6
      Thus, even if she had requested this Court to do so, this Court was not

required to hold a hearing on the Defendant's ability to pay   costs. 5   In the event

that the Defendant fails to make payment as ordered, at that time the court

will be required to hold a hearing on his ability to pay.

      IV.         Conclusion

      Based on the foregoing, the judgement of sentence should be affirmed.

                                             STEVEN T. O'NEILL, J.

Copy of the b ve Opinion
mailed on •NOto the following:
Robe tFalin, Esq.
LeeJ brey,    -q.

J dicial    Aff   istant

5 The Court recognizes that this issue is currently awaiting en banc resolution

before our Superior Court in the matters of Commonwealth v. Gary-Ravenell,
J-E01004-20, 2551 EDA 2018, and/or Commonwealth v. Lopez, J-E01005-20,
1313 EDA 2018. Unless and until the Superior Court decides otherwise,
precedent dictates that the Defendant is not entitled to an ability to pay
hearing at the time of sentencing.

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