Court Opinion

ID: 9679277
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-24 06:46:22.333423+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:17:11.977877
License: Public Domain

Wilkie, J.
(concurring). For the purpose of speaking personally and not for the court, I write this concurring opinion. Although there was a waiver here of any objections, either to the out-of-court identification procedures or to the in-court identification, in the future I think a Goodchild 1 type proceeding should be required in cases such as this.2 In individual cases where there is an out-of-court identification in advance of trial without the knowledge of the defendant or his counsel, the district attorney may or may not rely on that identification at the trial. The defense is obliged to fish on cross-examination to determine whether such identification in fact occurred and the details of the procedure employed in those identifications. Although the state may initially choose not to rely on these identifications at trial, once the door has been opened by the defendant, the state has an opportunity to get further details before the jury. When evidence of such out-of-court identifications is to be relied on by the state, a hearing should *460be held prior to trial, at which the state would have the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the identification procedures were fair and constitutionally antiseptic. When these out-of-court identifications are not relied on by the state, but their existence is disclosed on cross-examination, when requested by the defendant a separate hearing should be immediately held without the jury to fully explore the details thereof and the effect on subsequent lineup or in-court identifications. The court has already suggested the holding of such a hearing on “an in-court identification allegedly based on a lineup claimed to be defective.” 3

 State ex rel. Goodchild v. Burke (1965), 27 Wis. 2d 244, 133 N. W. 2d 753.

 Roney v. State (1969), 44 Wis. 2d 522, 534, 171 N. W. 2d 400.

 Wright v. State (1970), 46 Wis. 2d 75, 80, 175 N. W. 2d 646.