Court Opinion

ID: 2797413
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-04-29 18:04:17.623429+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:12:01.956609
License: Public Domain

Filed 4/29/15 Passerelle v. Palomar Community College Dist. CA4/1
                    NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified
for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for
publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

                  COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                 DIVISION ONE

                                         STATE OF CALIFORNIA

PASSERELLE, LLC,                                                      D065528

         Plaintiff and Respondent,

         v.                                                           (Super. Ct. No. 37-2013-00052094-
                                                                      CU-BC-NC)
PALOMAR COMMUNITY COLLEGE
DISTRICT,

         Defendant and Appellant.

         APPEAL from orders of the Superior Court of San Diego County,

Earl H. Maas, III, Judge. Reversed in part, dismissed in part.

         Allen Matkins Leck Gamble Mallory & Natsis, Valentine S. Hoy VIII and

Charles L. Pernicka for Defendant and Appellant.

         Kring & Chung, Scott M. Bonesteel and Robert P. Mougin for Plaintiff and

Respondent.

         A dispute arose between Palomar Community College District (the District)

and Passerelle, LLC (Passerelle) concerning the construction by the District of

certain infrastructure improvements on land purchased by the District from
Passerelle. Passerelle sued the District for allegedly failing to complete all of the

promised improvements. The District appeals orders denying its motion to compel

arbitration, staying arbitration pending the outcome of this appeal, and denying relief

from stay.

       We reverse the order denying the District's motion to compel arbitration. This

renders moot the District's appeal of the orders staying arbitration pending the

outcome of the appeal and denying relief from stay. Accordingly, we dismiss the

appeal of these orders as moot. (Cucamongans United for Reasonable Expansion v.

City of Rancho Cucamonga (2000) 82 Cal. App. 4th 473, 479 ["An appeal should be

dismissed as moot when the occurrence of events renders it impossible for the

appellate court to grant appellant any effective relief."].)

                 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       In June 2005, the parties executed the "Option Agreement & Joint Escrow

Instructions" (the Option Agreement) whereby the District purchased an option from

Passerelle to acquire some of Passerelle's land (the Property) to expand its facilities.

The Option Agreement provided that Passerelle would complete

"Grading/Infrastructure improvements" described therein if certain trigger conditions

occurred. If these conditions did not occur, then the District would complete the

Grading/Infrastructure improvements. The Option Agreement required the

arbitration "of any dispute or controversy concerning this Agreement or the rights of

the parties hereunder, including whether the dispute or controversy is arbitrable."

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       In September 2005, the parties amended the Option Agreement. In June 2007,

the parties entered into another amendment of the Amended Option Agreement, the

Second Amendment. In the Second Amendment, the parties referred to the first

amendment together with the Option Agreement as the Amended Agreement. For

ease of reference, we will refer to the first amendment together with the Option

Agreement as the Amended Option Agreement.

       The parties entered into the Second Amendment because Passerelle did not

complete the "Grading/Infrastructure improvements" described in the Option

Agreement. The Second Amendment modified certain terms of the Amended Option

Agreement, including removing an attached exhibit and replacing it with two new

exhibits, the "Improvement Agreement" and the "Easement Agreement." Otherwise,

the Amended Option Agreement remained in full force and effect, including the

provision in the Option Agreement requiring the arbitration of all disputes.

       A dispute arose between the parties regarding work done by the District on the

Property, including construction, grading, excavation and installation of water lines

and roads. In June 2013, Passerelle sued the District alleging claims for negligence,

breach of contract, breach of express warranty, breach of implied warranty, and

fraud. The District moved to compel arbitration and stay the action, but the trial

court denied the motion without prejudice and granted Passerelle leave to file an

amended complaint.

       Passerelle filed a first amended complaint alleging the same five causes of

action, but eliminating the allegation that the District breached the Amended Option

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Agreement, focusing instead on an alleged breach of the Improvement Agreement,

which was an exhibit to the Amended Option Agreement. The District again moved

to compel arbitration. The trial court denied the motion, finding the allegations of the

amended complaint did not fall within the provisions of the Option Agreement and

rather sought damages under the provisions of the Improvement Agreement. The

District appealed from this order. Thereafter, the trial court granted Passerelle's

application for an order staying arbitration. The District then sought relief from the

stay, which the trial court denied.

                                      DISCUSSION

                              I. General Legal Principles

       California has a detailed statutory scheme governing arbitration through which

our Legislature has expressed a " 'strong public policy in favor of arbitration as a

speedy and relatively inexpensive means of dispute resolution.' " (Moncharsh v.

Heily & Blase (1992) 3 Cal. 4th 1, 9.) There is no public policy favoring arbitration

of disputes which the parties have not agreed to arbitrate. (Los Angeles Police

Protective League v. City of Los Angeles (1988) 206 Cal. App. 3d 511, 514.) Rather,

the right to arbitration depends upon contract and a petition to compel arbitration is

simply a suit in equity seeking specific performance of that contract. (Freeman v.

State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. (1975) 14 Cal. 3d 473, 479.)

       Because private arbitration is a matter of agreement between the parties, it is

governed by contract law. (Platt Pacific, Inc. v. Andelson (1993) 6 Cal. 4th 307,

313.) "The fundamental goal of contractual interpretation is to give effect to the
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mutual intention of the parties. (Civ. Code, § 1636.) If contractual language is clear

and explicit, it governs. (Civ. Code, § 1638.)" (Bank of the West v. Superior Court

(1992) 2 Cal. 4th 1254, 1264.) When there is no conflicting extrinsic evidence, we

review a trial court's determination on the issue of whether an arbitration agreement

applies to a particular controversy de novo. (Fitz v. NCR Corp. (2004) 118
Cal. App. 4th 702, 711 (Fitz).)

       Parties "can agree to arbitrate almost any dispute—even a dispute over

whether the underlying dispute is subject to arbitration." (Bruni v. Didion (2008) 160
Cal. App. 4th 1272, 1286.) "Unless a claim of arbitrability is wholly groundless, the

court should stay proceedings pending the arbitrator's determination of his or her own

jurisdiction. [Citation] This necessarily requires the courts to examine and, to a

limited extent, construe the underlying agreement." (Dream Theater, Inc. v. Dream

Theater (2004) 124 Cal. App. 4th 547, 553 (Dream Theater).)

                                       II. Analysis

       The Option Agreement requires the arbitration "of any dispute or controversy

concerning this Agreement or the rights of the parties hereunder, including whether

the dispute or controversy is arbitrable." The District argues the dispute concerns the

Option Agreement and the rights of the parties under the Option Agreement.

Accordingly, the District contends the trial court erred when it denied the motion to

compel arbitration because the District's assertion that the dispute is arbitrable is not

wholly groundless, making the question of arbitrability for the arbitrator to decide.

We agree.

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       As we shall explain, the Second Amendment modified the Amended Option

Agreement, incorporated the Improvement Agreement into the Amended Option

Agreement and made the Improvement Agreement an exhibit to the Amended Option

Agreement. The Amended Option Agreement contains a promise by the District to

"immediately commence, and diligently pursue to completion" all of the provisions

of the Improvement Agreement. This action concerns those improvements.

Accordingly, a breach of the Improvement Agreement may amount to a breach of the

Amended Option Agreement, making the alleged breach of the Improvement

Agreement subject to the arbitration provision in the Option Agreement, which

remained in full force and effect despite the subsequent amendments. Accordingly,

the District's claim that the instant dispute is arbitrable is not wholly groundless.

       Preliminarily, the parties dispute the standard of review. The question

presented is essentially one of contract interpretation, which is subject to de novo

review. (Fitz, supra, 118 Cal.App.4th at p. 711.) Passerelle submitted extrinsic

evidence, a declaration from Bruce Tabb, Passerelle's manager and the party who

executed the Improvement Agreement on behalf of Passerelle, stating the parties

never discussed whether the Improvement Agreement would be subject to arbitration.

This declaration, however, is not controverted. The existence of this declaration does

not change the standard of review. (Brookwood v. Bank of America (1996) 45
Cal. App. 4th 1667, 1670 ["Whether an arbitration agreement applies to a controversy

is a question of law to which the appellate court applies its independent judgment

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where no conflicting extrinsic evidence in aid of interpretation was introduced in the

trial court."].)

        Here, we must determine whether the District's claim of arbitrability is wholly

groundless. To do so, we examine the allegations contained in Passerelle's first

amended complaint to ascertain whether the Option Agreement, the contract

containing the arbitration clause, is relevant to a breach of the Improvement

Agreement as alleged in Passerelle's operative complaint. If the Option Agreement is

relevant to an alleged breach of the Improvement Agreement, then the District's

claim of arbitrability is not wholly groundless and the motion to compel arbitration

must be granted and the litigation stayed to allow the arbitrator to determine

arbitrability.

        We acknowledge Passerelle's argument that the trial court found Passerelle's

operative complaint sought relief under the Improvement Agreement, which does not

include an arbitration clause and does not expressly incorporate the arbitration clause

from the earlier Option Agreement. In our de novo review, however, we note the

parties' first amendment to the Option Agreement created the Amended Option

Agreement. The Second Amendment, in turn, modified the Amended Option

Agreement.

        The Second Amendment provided that the Amended Option Agreement

remained in full force and effect, which necessarily included the provision in the

Option Agreement requiring the arbitration "of any dispute or controversy

concerning this Agreement or the rights of the parties hereunder, including whether

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the dispute or controversy is arbitrable." The Second Amendment also made the

Improvement Agreement an exhibit to the Amended Option Agreement. Thus, the

Second Amendment incorporated the Improvement Agreement into the Amended

Option Agreement.

      The Second Amendment also provided that all references to

Grading/Infrastructure in the Amended Option Agreement "are replaced with and

superseded by the provisions of the Improvement Agreement." Making this

substitution, the Amended Option Agreement contains a promise by the District to

"immediately commence, and diligently pursue to completion" all of the provisions

of the Improvement Agreement. Moreover, the Improvement Agreement recited that

"[t]he District purchased the District Property in accordance with the Option

Agreement . . . pursuant to which the District agreed to complete the improvements

. . . ." Thus, the Improvement Agreement acknowledges that the District agreed to

make the improvements under the Option Agreement. Accordingly, a breach of the

Improvement Agreement may amount to a breach of the Amended Option

Agreement, making the alleged breach of the Improvement Agreement subject to the

arbitration provision in the Option Agreement as a matter concerning the rights of the

parties under the Amended Option Agreement.

      Notably, in its operative complaint, Passerelle alleged the District breached

the Improvement Agreement by failing to timely complete all infrastructure

improvements. This allegation amounts to a breach of the District's promise in the

Option Agreement, as amended by the parties, to "diligently pursue to completion"

                                          8
all of the provisions of the Improvement Agreement. Thus, the alleged breach of the

Improvement Agreement concerns the rights of the parties under the Option

Agreement. Accordingly, the District's claim of arbitrability is not wholly groundless

and the trial court should not have decided the threshold issue of the arbitrability of

Passerelle's claims. Rather, the trial court should have granted the motion to compel

arbitration and stayed the litigation pending the arbitrator's decision on the ultimate

question of his or her own jurisdiction over the claims alleged in Passerelle's

operative complaint. (Dream Theater, supra, 124 Cal.App.4th at p. 553.)

       Passerelle asserts the District's argument is wholly groundless because it

disregards a provision in the Improvement Agreement indicating the Improvement

Agreement was to be interpreted as an agreement that "supersedes all negotiations,

stipulations, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties" regarding

the subject matter of the Improvement Agreement. We reject this argument as it

ignores that the parties made the Improvement Agreement an attachment to the

Amended Option Agreement and expressly incorporated the Improvement

Agreement into the Amended Option Agreement. Thus, all of the agreements must

be considered together. (Civ. Code, § 1642; Versaci v. Superior Court (2005) 127
Cal. App. 4th 805, 814 [" 'It is a familiar rule . . . that where several papers covering

the same subject matter are executed by . . . the same parties . . . , all are to be

considered together, and with the same effect as if all had been incorporated in one

document.' "].)

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                                    DISPOSITION

       The order denying the District's motion to compel arbitration is reversed. We

dismiss as moot the District's appeal of the orders staying arbitration pending the

outcome of the appeal and denying relief from stay. The matter is remanded to the

trial court to enter an order staying this action pending the arbitrator's determination

of his or her own jurisdiction. Appellant is entitled to its costs on appeal.

                                                                     MCINTYRE, J.

WE CONCUR:

MCCONNELL, P. J.

AARON, J.

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