Court Opinion

ID: 9390336
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-27 16:00:50.125975+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:33.648078
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                            FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         APR 27 2023
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

PEGGY RUST,                                      No.   22-55123

                Plaintiff-Appellant,             D.C. No.
                                                 3:20-cv-02349-WQH-DEB
 v.

TARGET CORPORATION, a business                   MEMORANDUM*
organization form unknown; DOES, 1
through 10, inclusive,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Southern District of California
                   William Q. Hayes, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted April 14, 2023**
                              Pasadena, California

Before: W. FLETCHER, BERZON, and LEE, Circuit Judges.

      Peggy Rust was injured in a Target store after she slipped in a puddle of spilled

cleaning fluid. She sued Target for negligence under California state law, asserting

a premises liability theory. The district court granted summary judgment for Target.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      We review de novo a district court’s grant of summary judgment. Rene v.

MGM Grand Hotel, Inc., 305 F.3d 1061, 1064 (9th Cir. 2002) (en banc). “[W]e

must determine, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving

party, whether there are any genuine issues of material fact and whether the district

court correctly applied the relevant substantive law.” Id. (quoting Delta Sav. Bank

v. United States, 265 F.3d 1017, 1021 (9th Cir. 2001)). For “an issue on which the

nonmoving party bears the burden of proof . . . . the burden on the moving party may

be discharged by ‘showing’—that is, pointing out to the district court—that there is

an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party’s case.” Celotex Corp. v.

Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 325 (1986).

      Because Rust has the burden to prove that Target breached its duty of ordinary

care in keeping the premises reasonably safe, she must introduce evidence that

Target had actual or constructive knowledge of the dangerous condition and that it

failed to correct the condition within a reasonable time. Ortega v. Kmart Corp., 36

P.3d 11, 15 (Cal. 2001); Moore v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 3 Cal. Rptr. 3d 813, 816–

17 (Ct. App. 2003). Rust has not met that burden. Indeed, the only evidence in the

record about when Target received actual notice of the spill is a Target employee’s

testimony that she was approached by a customer who told her that he spilled bleach

in the bleach aisle. And there is no dispute that the employee immediately responded

                                         2
to that notice. 1

       1. Rust has submitted no evidence that could reasonably prove that Target

had actual notice of the spill before the time specified in the employee’s testimony.

Contrary to her argument, no reasonable jury could understand Target’s statement

that “[t]eam members are all trained to constantly inspect all areas of the store” to

mean that Target “had the scene of the incident under observation ‘constantly’ i.e.

100% of the time.” See T.W. Elec. Serv., Inc. v. Pac. Elec. Contractors Ass’n, 809

F.2d 626, 631 (9th Cir. 1987) (noting that an inference on summary judgment “may

be drawn in favor of the nonmoving party only if it is ‘rational’ or ‘reasonable’”).

       2. Rust has submitted no evidence that could reasonably prove that Target

had constructive knowledge of the dangerous condition before the Target employee

received actual notice of it. A plaintiff may demonstrate constructive knowledge by

submitting evidence that “the site had not been inspected within a reasonable period

of time so that a person exercising due care would have discovered and corrected the

hazard.” Ortega, 36 P.3d at 20. Nothing in the record supports a conclusion that

Target failed to reasonably inspect the premises, nor is there evidence supporting a

conclusion that the spill existed for an unreasonable period of time before Rust

1
  Because this court is concerned with the Target employee’s response to the
customer’s statement, the truth of that statement (i.e., that he was the source of the
spill, that the spill was bleach, and that it occurred in the “bleach aisle”) is of no
consequence.

                                          3
slipped. Without any such evidence, no reasonable jury could find that Target had

constructive knowledge of the spill before the employee was notified of it.

      3. Rust has submitted no evidence to support her contention that a Target

employee caused the spill. Where a dangerous condition results from the negligence

of an employee acting within the scope of a defendant’s employment, knowledge of

the dangerous condition is imputed to the defendant. Hatfield v. Levy Bros., 117

P.2d 841, 845 (Cal. 1941). Rust contends that a Target employee might have caused

the spill. But this mere speculation does not create a genuine issue of material fact.

See T.W. Elec. Serv., Inc., 809 F.2d at 630.

      In short, the record supports the determination that Target received actual

notice of the spill when a customer told an employee that he spilled something.

Because there is no dispute the employee immediately responded to that notice, no

reasonable jury could find that Target breached its “duty to exercise reasonable care

in keeping the premises reasonably safe.” Id. at 14.

      AFFIRMED.

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