Court Opinion

ID: 4544098
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-06-25 17:13:57.797239+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:49:08.604315
License: Public Domain

J-S11043-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :         PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
               v.                              :
                                               :
                                               :
    ROBERT M. GARBER,                          :
                                               :
                      Appellant                :      No. 1470 WDA 2019

     Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered September 25, 2019
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Mercer County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-43-CR-0002279-2018

BEFORE: NICHOLS, J., MURRAY, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.:                               FILED JUNE 25, 2020

        Robert M. Garber (“Garber”) appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed following his conviction of indecent assault.1 We affirm.

        In its Opinion, the trial court set forth the relevant factual and

procedural history as follows:

              [Garber] was charged with one count of [i]ndecent
        [a]ssault under 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3126(a)(1) (relating to non-
        consensual indecent contact), a misdemeanor of the second
        degree, with an offense date of August 21, 2018. The case went
        to a jury trial and the jury returned a guilty verdict on the one
        count on May 22, 2019.

               Appellant was sentenced on September 5, 2019, to, inter
        alia, twenty-four months of probation. … Appellant then filed a
        timely Notice of Appeal from his sentence. Pursuant to [the trial
        court’s] Order, [Garber] filed a [Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Concise]
        Statement of [e]rrors [c]omplained of on [a]ppeal.

____________________________________________

1   See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3126(a)(1).
J-S11043-20

Trial Court Opinion, 11/22/19, at 1-2 (citations to record, paragraph break

and some italics omitted).

       On appeal, Garber raises the following questions for our review:

       1. Should this Court determine [that the Sex Offender and
       Notification Act, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.10-9799.42, 9799.51-
       9799.75 (“SORNA II”),2 is] unconstitutional and strike the
       requirements thereof as they apply to [] Garber?

       2. Should this Court strike the 15[-]year SORNA [II] registration
       requirement imposed upon [] Garber on grounds that it is
       tantamount to a probationary sentence 13 years beyond his
       maximum sentence term?

       3. Is the requirement of a 15[-]year registration for an
       [i]ndecent [a]ssault (M-2) charge cruel punishment under Article
       I[,] Section 13 of the Pennsylvania[] Constitution and the 8th
       Amendment to the United States Constitution?

       4. Does the 15[-]year registration requirement in this case
       violate [] Garber’s rights under Article I[,] Section I of the
       Pennsylvania[] Constitution, which guarantees [] Garber the
       right of protection of his reputation?

Brief for Appellant at 9-10 (footnote added).

       In each of Garber’s four claims, he challenges his 15-year registration

requirement pursuant to SORNA II.

             We consider [an a]ppellant’s claims, mindful that lawfully
       enacted statutes are presumptively constitutional.             A
       constitutional challenge presents a question of law. Thus, our
       standard of review is de novo, and our scope of review is
       plenary.

____________________________________________

2  SORNA II resulted from several amendments and additions to its
precursor, SORNA. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.10-9799.41 (amended by Act
of Feb. 21 2018, P.L. 27, No. 10 and Act of June 12, 2018, P.L. 1952, No.
29.

                                           -2-
J-S11043-20

Commonwealth v. Moore, 222 A.3d 16, 19 (Pa. Super. 2019) (citations

and brackets omitted).

      In his first claim, Garber alleges that “the entire statutory registration

scheme under SORNA II is unconstitutional.” See Brief for Appellant at 13.

Garber cites to our holdings in Moore, supra, and Commonwealth v.

Butler, 173 A.3d 1212 (Pa. Super. 2017), and to Commonwealth v.

Lacombe, 35 MAP 2018 (Pa. 2018), which was awaiting a decision by our

Supreme Court when Garber submitted his brief.

      In his second claim, Garber alleges that his sentence is illegal, because

SORNA II’s registration requirement is tantamount to a probationary

sentence. See Brief for Appellant at 14. Garber cites Commonwealth v.

Muniz, 164 A.3d 1189 (Pa. 2017), for the proposition that SORNA is

punitive in nature, and argues that his registration requirement runs 13

years past his probationary sentence, in excess of the maximum sentence

allowed for his conviction of indecent assault. Id.

      In his third claim, Garber alleges that his 15-year registration

requirement    constitutes   cruel   and   unusual    punishment    under   the

Pennsylvania and United States Constitutions.        See id. at 15-16.   Garber

argues that his registration requirement for indecent assault is excessive

because indecent assault does not cause injury to the victim, and SORNA II’s

registration requirements “expose the offender to ‘profound humiliation and

                                     -3-
J-S11043-20

community-wide ostracism.’” Id. at 16 (citing Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84,

115 (2002)).

      In his fourth claim, Garber alleges that the 15-year registration

requirement violates his right to protection of his reputation under Article I,

Section I of the Pennsylvania Constitution.     See Brief for Appellant at 17.

Garber    argues   that   the   15-year    registration   requirement   is   not

“commensurate with” his crime. Id.

      In each of his claims, Garber makes bald allegations that SORNA II is

unconstitutional, without presenting any legal argument in support of his

claims.   Garber cites to cases where SORNA and SORNA II have been

challenged, see Brief for Appellant at 13-14 (citing Moore, Butler,

Lacombe, and Muniz), and cases that broadly discuss an individual’s

personal freedoms, see Brief for Appellant at 16 (citing Smith v. Doe, 538

U.S. at 115), 17 (citing Sprague v. Walter, 543 A.2d 1078, 1084 (Pa.

1988), but fails to discuss how these cases relate to Garber and his claims.

“The failure to develop an adequate argument in an appellate brief may

result in waiver of the claim under Pa.R.A.P. 2119.       While this Court may

overlook minor defects or omissions in an appellant’s brief, we will not act as

his or her appellate counsel.”    Commonwealth v. Freeman, 128 A.3d

                                     -4-
J-S11043-20

1231, 1249 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citations and quotation marks omitted).

Accordingly, each of Garber’s claims is waived.3

       Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 6/25/2020

____________________________________________

3 Garber’s counseled appellate brief is particularly scant on legal argument.
Notably, Garber states that he “wishes to preserve” his claims that SORNA II
is unconstitutional, in light of the various cases that are pending before our
Supreme Court. See Brief for Appellant at 13, 14. To the extent that
Garber was relying on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s review of our
holding in Butler, supra, we note that the court has recently issued its
opinion, which held that SORNA II’s registration, notification, and counseling
(“RNC”) requirements are constitutional as applied to sexually violent
predators. See Commonwealth v. Butler, 2020 WL 1466299 at **15-16,
___ A.3d ___ (Pa. Mar. 26, 2020).            Thus, even if Garber specifically
challenged the constitutionality based upon Butler, it would provide Garber
no relief. We are unable to discern any other specific bases upon which
Garber challenges the constitutionality of SORNA II as applied to his case.

                                           -5-