Court Opinion

ID: 4033108
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-09-13 03:13:27.117987+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:26:48.660953
License: Public Domain

J-S54012-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                       IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                          PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                      v.

DOMINIC TREVON GREEN,

                            Appellant                     No. 1487 WDA 2015

      Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered August 10, 2015
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
                        Criminal Division at No(s):
                         CP-02-CR-0005752-2015
                         CP-02-CR-0013225-2014

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., OTT, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.:                       FILED SEPTEMBER 12, 2016

      Appellant, Dominic Trevon Green, appeals from the judgment of

sentence of five to ten years’ incarceration, imposed after a jury convicted

him of one count of persons not to possess a firearm, 18 Pa.C.S. §

6105(a)(1).    Appellant challenges the trial court’s admission of certain

evidence that he argues was precluded by the court’s ruling on his pretrial

motion in limine. After careful review, we affirm.

      The   trial   court   briefly    summarized   the   evidence   presented   at

Appellant’s trial as follows:

            [O]n August 2, 2014, Alexis Markey, her infant daughter,
      [Appellant] and several others were hanging out at [Markey’s]
      residence at the Cambridge Square Apartments in Monroeville.
      At some point, the gathering moved out to the parking lot and
      when everyone was getting into Markey’s vehicle, [Appellant]
      got into an altercation with the others over who got to sit in the
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      front passenger seat. [Appellant] then pulled out a gun and
      threatened to “shoot the car up.” Monroeville Police Officers
      arrived on the scene shortly thereafter, having been summoned
      by an anonymous … 911 [caller] who described [Appellant] and
      the vehicle. Once all of the individuals had been removed from
      the car, Officer Brad Martin looked in the car and saw a firearm
      protruding from below the back of the front passenger seat, [in
      front of] where [Appellant] had been sitting [in the back seat].
      Alexis Markey and Patricia Kurn both gave statements to the
      [p]olice indicating that the gun found belonged to [Appellant].

Trial Court Opinion (TCO), 1/14/16, at 1-2 (citation to the record omitted).

      Based on these facts, the jury convicted Appellant of the above-stated

offense and he was sentenced as stated supra.           Appellant filed a timely

notice of appeal, and also timely complied with the court’s order to file a

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on appeal.

Herein, Appellant presents one issue for our review: “Did the trial court

abuse its discretion by overruling defense counsel’s objection and failing to

strike a witness’ prejudicial testimony relating to a 911 call when that

testimony had previously been excluded by an in limine ruling?” Appellant’s

Brief at 5.

      Before addressing Appellant’s argument, we note that,

      [t]he standard of review employed when faced with a challenge
      to the trial court's decision as to whether or not to admit
      evidence is well settled. Questions concerning the admissibility of
      evidence lie within the sound discretion of the trial court, and a
      reviewing court will not reverse the trial court's decision absent a
      clear abuse of discretion. Abuse of discretion is not merely an
      error of judgment, but rather where the judgment is manifestly
      unreasonable or where the law is not applied or where the record
      shows that the action is a result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill
      will.

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Commonwealth v. Young, 989 A.2d 920, 924 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citation

omitted). We also point out that, “[i]n order to preserve for appellate review

any claim of error regarding the admission of evidence, a party must

specifically   object   to   the   admission    of   such   evidence   at   trial.”

Commonwealth v. Boyd, 679 A.2d 1284, 1289 (Pa. Super. 1996) (citation

omitted). “Failure to do so results in a waiver of that claim of error in the

evidence’s admission.” Id. (citation omitted).

      Briefly, Appellant claims that the trial court issued a pretrial ruling

excluding any witness from testifying that the anonymous person who called

911 had stated that a person was ‘waving a gun’ outside Alexis Markey’s

vehicle.   Nevertheless, during trial, the court overruled defense counsel’s

objection when Markey testified about that remark by the 911 caller.

Appellant explains that he objected to this ‘double hearsay’ but the court

overruled his objection, as well as his later request for a mistrial. Instead,

the court simply provided a cautionary instruction to the jury.        Appellant

repeatedly stresses on appeal that the court’s allowing Markey’s at-issue

testimony violated its pretrial ruling.         He also asserts that admitting

Markey’s testimony caused him significant prejudice that was not cured by

the cautionary instruction provided by the trial court. Accordingly, Appellant

maintains that he is entitled to a new trial.

      After careful review of the record, we disagree that a new trial is

warranted. By way of background, at the start of trial, defense counsel and

the court discussed Appellant’s oral motion in limine, as follows:

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      [Defense Counsel]: We talked about it and correct me if I am
      wrong, but I believe you said they are allowed to say that they
      responded for a report of an argument at the address with a red
      Ford SUV.

      THE COURT: And the person arguing was wearing gray
      sweatpants, but not to mention that the 9-1-1 caller said that
      there was a gun.

N.T. Trial, 5/11-5/12/15, at 3.

      When Alexis Markey later took the stand for the Commonwealth, she

mentioned the 911 caller’s statement about a gun during the following

exchange:

      [The Commonwealth:] On August 2, what did you tell the police
      had occurred just before they showed up on the scene?

      [Markey:] When I was at the police station, Officer Skoog, [I]
      think that’s her name, pulled me into the room by myself and
      told me that I had to tell her the whole truth or I was going to
      go to jail. So, she asked if that call for the 9-1-1 was true, that
      there was a gun being waived outside of my car.

Id. at 81 (emphasis added). In response to Markey’s mention of the 911

caller’s reference to a gun, defense counsel stated: “Objection. And I ask

that the last response be stricken.” Id. The court overruled that objection

and request, simply stating, “I’ll overrule[].” Id. at 82.

      The Commonwealth’s questioning of Markey continued. At one point,

Markey stated, “there was just a little altercation about seats.    And that’s

when somebody called into the police station and said that they saw a gun

being waived outside of my car with a child in it.” Id. at 82. A short while

later, Markey testified that her “neighbor called about the gun being waived

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outside of [Markey’s] car.” Id. at 84. Appellant did not object to either of

these subsequent references to the 911 call by Markey.

      On the morning of the second day of trial, defense counsel made an

oral motion for a mistrial, stating:

      [Defense Counsel]: In regards to what Alexis [Markey] testified
      to on direct examination about the 9-1-1 call, she mentioned the
      information that Your Honor specifically excluded under a motion
      in limine.     Now, I’m not saying that [the Commonwealth]
      solicited it by any means, but it was [the prosecutor’s] obligation
      to inform her witnesses when there is a granted motion in limine
      to not mention that information.

            As such, I would move at this time for a mistrial because
      information that was specifically excluded by Your Honor was
      brought in on direct from the Commonwealth witness.

Id. at 99.

      In response, the Commonwealth stressed that it had advised the police

officers not to testify about the mention of a gun by the 911 caller, and it

explained that it had not known that Markey was aware of content of the

911 call. Id. at 99-100. The court stated that it was clear from the officers’

testimony that they knew not to mention the gun reference by the 911

caller, and the court further concluded that “the response that … Markey

gave was not responsive to the question asked.” Id. at 101. Ultimately, the

court declined to declare a mistrial, but directed that the Commonwealth not

mention, in its closing argument, the 911 caller’s reference to a gun.      Id.

Additionally, the court offered to give the jury a cautionary instruction, which

defense counsel approved.       Id.    Accordingly, the jury was instructed as

follows: “[Y]esterday you heard evidence that Alexis Markey referred to a 9-

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1-1 call.    This evidence is inadmissible and must be disregarded by you.”

Id. at 103.

      Based on this record, we first conclude that Appellant has waived the

specific arguments he presents herein.      First, while Appellant objected to

Markey’s initial mention of the 911 caller’s gun comment, he did not offer

any specific basis for that objection. Even more problematic is Appellant’s

utter failure to lodge any objection when Markey made two more, nearly

identical references to that 911 call later in her testimony. Because Markey

testified about the content of the 911 call without an objection by Appellant,

we conclude that he has waived his claim that admitting such testimony was

error by the court.

      In any event, we would also agree with the Commonwealth and the

trial court that Markey’s testimony was not so prejudicial as to warrant a

new trial.     First, the trial court clearly instructed the jury to disregard

Markey’s mention of the 911 call, and we must presume that the jury

followed that instruction.   Commonwealth v. Baker, 614 A.2d 663, 672

(Pa. 1992).     Additionally, as the Commonwealth stresses throughout its

brief, Markey did not testify that the 911 caller identified Appellant, or even

someone matching Appellant’s description, as the person waving the gun;

instead, Markey simply stated that the 911 caller said someone was waiving

a gun outside her vehicle.      Given that there were five adults, including

Appellant, present in Markey’s car when police arrived, Markey’s testimony

did not clearly convey to the jury that the 911 caller claimed to see

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Appellant with a firearm. Moreover, both Markey and Patricia Kurn testified

at trial that they saw Appellant with the gun. Thus, there was ample other

evidence of Appellant’s guilt, aside from Markey’s mention of a vague

comment by the 911 caller. Under these facts, we would reject Appellant’s

argument that “[t]he jury very well could have found [Appellant] guilty

based solely on the hearsay testimony presented about the 911 call.”

Appellant’s Brief at 21.

      Additionally, while Appellant maintains that the court’s admission of

Markey’s   testimony   unfairly   surprised   him   and   “likely   hindered   the

defense[,]” id., he offers no explanation of what he would have done

differently had he known such evidence would be admitted. Thus, we would

not accept his bald allegation that he was prejudiced simply due to his being

surprised by the admission of Markey’s at-issue testimony.

      In sum, we conclude that Appellant did not preserve his challenge to

the admission of the challenged evidence, but, even if he had, we would

deem his arguments meritless. Accordingly, we affirm Appellant’s judgment

of sentence.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 9/12/2016

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