Court Opinion

ID: 9447918
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-03 23:17:34.198082+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:31:14.023622
License: Public Domain

*108JOHN R. BROWN, Circuit Judge
(concurring specially).
I concur that the order is not final and hence not appealable. The appellant here is the respondent in the extradition proceeding. Hence, as to him, orders for the taking of depositions or subpoenas are not the last and final action as was the case of the banks and the deponents in the prior cases here and in the Second Circuit growing out of the Jimenez matter.
I am unable, however, to rest it on this metaphysical dialectic in which a United States Judge is something less than a Judge and while performing judicial functions is something different from a District Court. The peculiar nature of extradition proceedings and the acknowledged unappealability of the final certification to the Secretary of State does not make the action of this human being who hears the matter solely because he is a Judge an action of some entity other than the Court of which he is an indivisible part.
Repeated often in the cases is the loose generality that the extradition hearing is not a judicial proceeding. It may not be when measured by the usual indicia of a formal judgment of commitment, appeal, and the like. But the very essence of 18 U.S.C.A. § 3184 is a reflection of the fundamental concept among civilized nations that there shall be a non-partisan, unbiased, objective hearing by a judicial officer acting solely because of his judicial position — and hence training and discipline — to determine whether there is a sufficient basis to sustain the charge under the treaty.
Liberty and freedom may frequently be preserved only at the very beginning. That is why the Grand Jury is so important in our system of justice. If the Judge, sitting as an extradition magistrate, in deciding that a man shall be turned over to a possibly hostile power for a trial imperiling his very life is not performing a judicial function, then I am unable to conceive of what the term means. Indeed, the only basis upon which Congress by § 3184 may have imposed the duty of conducting the hearing on the person of the Judge is that it is a judicial function calling for the performance of a judicial act. Interstate Commerce Commission v. Brimson, 1894, 154 U.S. 447, 485, 14 S.Ct. 1125, 38 L.Ed. 1047; United Steelworkers of America v. United States, 1959, 361 U.S. 39, 43, 80 S.Ct. 1, 4 L.Ed.2d 12; see also In re Sanborn, 1893, 148 U.S. 222, 226-228, 13 S.Ct. 577, 37 L.Ed. 429.