Court Opinion

ID: 4162315
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-04-21 18:17:08.55892+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:46:49.339830
License: Public Domain

J-A08037-17

                                  2017 PA Super 118

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                                :
               v.                               :
                                                :
                                                :
    RUDOLPH MCGRIFF                             :
                                                :
                      Appellant                 :   No. 9 EDA 2016

               Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence July 1, 2015
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0002445-2014

BEFORE:      PANELLA, LAZARUS, JJ., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

OPINION BY STEVENS, P.J.E.:                                 FILED APRIL 21, 2017

        Rudolph McGriff (hereinafter “Appellant”) appeals the judgment of

sentence entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County on

July 1, 2015, at which time he was sentenced to life imprisonment without

the possibility of parole following his conviction of first-degree murder along

with concurrent prison terms of two and one half (2 ½) years to five (5)

years for his related firearms convictions.         We affirm.

        Appellant   was    convicted     of    murdering   his   estranged   girlfriend

(hereinafter “the victim”).        As the trial court set forth a comprehensive

recitation of the facts developed at trial in its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) Opinion, we

____________________________________________

*
    Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A08037-17

will not duplicate it herein but, instead, adopt the trial court’s summary for

purposes of this appeal. See Trial Court Opinion, filed 4/5/16, at 2-48.1

        On July 1, 2015, the jury found defendant guilty of First-Degree

Murder, Firearms not to be carried without a license, Carrying firearms on

public streets in Philadelphia, and Possessing instruments of crime, 2 and the

trial court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of life imprisonment.

N.T., 7/1/15, 9, 16-17.        Appellant filed a post-sentence motion on July 6,

2015, and the trial court denied the same on December 1, 2015.

        On December 22, 2015, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. On

January 12, 2016, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a concise

statement pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), and Appellant complied on

February 10, 2016. In his brief, Appellant presents the following Statement

of the Questions Involved:

        1.    Did the trial court abuse its discretion in permitting the
        prosecutor to present evidence that [ ] Appellant had repeatedly
        refused to come in to the police office and talk to the detectives who
        were investigating the homicide in this case while at the same time
        prohibiting the defense from presenting the testimony of [ ]
        Appellant’s attorney, Anthony Petrone, Esquire, who had instructed [ ]
        Appellant not to talk to the police?

        2.   Did the trial court abuse its discretion in refusing to permit the
        defense to call witnesses to inform the jury that the victim may have
____________________________________________

1
  We direct the parties to attach a copy of the trial court opinion in the event
of further proceedings in this matter.
2
    18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2502(a), 6106(a)(1), 6108, 907(a), respectively.

                                           -2-
J-A08037-17

      been slain in response to her participation in a scheme of armed
      robberies at that location?

Brief for Appellant at 3.

      Appellant’s first issue as it is developed in his appellate brief requires a

threefold analysis.    Appellant first asserts the trial court denied him his

federal and state constitutional rights to due process and a fair trial when it

erroneously permitted the prosecution to elicit repeatedly that Appellant had

failed to meet with detectives of the Philadelphia Police Department

Homicide Unit.

      Before we address the merits of this portion of Appellant's initial claim,

we first must determine whether Appellant properly has preserved the issue

for our consideration, for it is well-settled that a party must make a timely

and specific objection at trial, and the failure to do so results in waiver of

that issue on appeal.       Pa.R.A.P. 302(a); see also Commonwealth v.

Montalvo, 641 A.2d 1176, 1184 (Pa.Super. 1994) (citation omitted) (to

preserve an issue for review, a party must make a timely and specific

objection at trial, for this Court will not consider claim on appeal not called

to trial court’s attention at a time purported error could have been

corrected).

      Pa.R.E.    103   addresses    rulings   on   evidence   and    requires   a

contemporaneous objection in order to preserve a claim of error in the

admission of evidence. The Rule reads in relevant part as follows:

      (a)     Preserving a Claim of Error. A party may claim error in
              a ruling to admit or exclude evidence only:

                                      -3-
J-A08037-17

      (1) if the ruling admits evidence, a party, on the record:
          (A) makes a timely objection, motion to strike, or motion in
      limine; and
          (B) states the specific ground, unless it was apparent from
      the context. . . .

Pa.R.E. 103(a). “Consistent with ... Pa.R.E. 103(a), a motion in limine may

preserve an objection for appeal without any need to renew the objection at

trial, but only if the trial court clearly and definitively rules on the motion.”

Blumer v. Ford Motor Co., 20 A.3d 1222, 1232 (Pa.Super. 2011) (citations

omitted), appeal denied, ___ Pa. ____, 49 A.3d 441 (2012). Once the trial

court enters a definitive ruling on the record, either prior to or during trial,

“a party need not renew an objection or offer of proof to preserve a claim of

error for appeal.” Pa.R.E. 103(b).

      Prior to trial, a hearing was held before the trial court at which time

Appellant presented argument pertaining to his motion in limine “to preclude

statements and comments by the DA in opening and closing and in the

presentation of evidence that would in any way imply that [Appellant] is

guilty because of pre-arrest silence.”      Defense counsel further explained

generally that “[t]he proffered testimony in this case is that the police asked

family members of the decedent to have [Appellant] contact them and give

them statements.”

      Specifically, counsel referenced what the victim’s “brother” and “sister”

“might” say, and anticipated the Commonwealth would argue “that his

failure to go to the police is an implication of guilt.” N.T., 6/17/15, at 5, 8-9.

                                      -4-
J-A08037-17

Notably, defense counsel later clarified that while the Commonwealth “can

present the evidence,” it would be improper to argue this failure reflects a

consciousness of guilt. N.T., 6/17/15, at 17.        Counsel further explained the

basis for his objection as follows:

             [Defense Counsel]: I object to any statements by the
      brother and sister, evidence that they asked him to go to the
      police, and then any testimony from any police officer as to
      whether or not he actually went to the police and any argument
      that the fact that he didn’t go to the police is consciousness of
      guilt because the police were the ones that asked the family to
      tell him to come to them.

Id. at 20.

      In response, the Commonwealth represented it would limit its

questioning   of   members    of   the    victim’s   family   to   their   “voluntary

conversations” with Appellant to establish a course of conduct whereby

Appellant repeatedly lied to and concealed information from them.              Id. at

12-17, 21-23. The Commonwealth maintained that such references would be

used not to establish Appellant had been hiding from police, but rather to

show the credibility of other statements he made in those conversations.

The Commonwealth further suggested that if the trial court and defense

counsel agreed, the trial court may provide a “cautionary instruction that

this evidence on this statement is coming in for the context of [the jury] to

determine the credibility of the other statements in that conversation.” N.T.,

6/17/15, at 20-23.     Counsel did not object to the presentation of such

testimony for this limited purpose.

                                         -5-
J-A08037-17

       Following a brief recess, the trial court reached the following

conclusion:

       My view is basically that I agree with the Commonwealth in this
       matter. I do not review it—I do not review it as a pre-arrest
       silence situation. The conversations that will be testified to by
       family members with [Appellant] on the day that the victim’s
       body was found and for the period thereafter when they urged
       him to go to speak to police, that doesn’t amount in my mind to
       pre-arrest silence and so I will deny your motion.

Id. at 25.     Once again, counsel did not object to the family members’

testimony for this specified, limited purpose.

       In his brief, Appellant presents the following summary of the trial

testimony of three witnesses, Pricilla Jessie, the victim’s sister, Aiking Jessie,

the victim’s brother, and Naneke Green, the victim’s cousin:

              At trial, Pricilla Jessie, the victim’s sister, testified for the
       prosecution that after the homicide, she asked [] Appellant to
       go and meet with the assigned detectives and that [ ] Appellant
       said that he would, “but he never went” (N.T. 6/18/15, 122).
       Aiking Jessie, the victim’s brother, testified for the prosecution
       that he also asked [ ] Appellant to talk to the police on several
       occasions after the mother of his sister, and [ ] Appellant said he
       would do so (N.T. 6/18/15, 165, 166). Mr. Jessie testified that
       when he subsequently asked [ ] Appellant again if he was going
       to talk to the police, [] Appellant said that he would not (N.T.
       6/18/15, 168). Finally, Neneke Green, the victim’s cousin,
       testified for the prosecution that [ ] Appellant also told her that
       he was going to talk to the detectives (N.T. 6/23/15, 147).

Brief for Appellant at 10.

       Appellant maintains the Commonwealth was “repeatedly permitted

over   defense    objection”    to   present   the    aforementioned     testimony.

                                        -6-
J-A08037-17

Appellant’s Brief at 8, 11. However, as stated previously, defense counsel

admitted the Commonwealth could present the evidence, so long as it did

not argue it established Appellant’s consciousness of guilt, and our review of

the certified record reflects that at no time did counsel place a specific

objection on the record following the testimony of any of the aforementioned

witnesses in this regard.

       We conclude that, although he lodged an anticipatory objection prior to

the Commonwealth’s calling of the victim’s brother and sister to testify in

connection with his motion in limine, counsel failed to make a timely and

specific objection to their testimony on constitutional grounds at the time

that it was actually proffered.            Moreover, counsel did not specifically

reference Ms. Green in his argument on June 17, 2015, at all and failed to

object following her trial testimony.          Accordingly, we find Appellant has

waived for appellate review any constitutional challenge to the testimony. 3

____________________________________________

3
  Even if Appellant properly had preserved this issue for review during trial,
his failure to conclude for “strategic reasons” that he did not wish the trial
court to provide an instruction stressing that Appellant had a right to remain
silent precludes his attempt to claim on appeal he had been prejudiced. See
Commonwealth v. Norman, 549 A.2d 981, 986 (Pa.Super. 1988) (en
banc) (“[w]hen counsel chooses to refuse appropriate curative instructions
for legitimate tactical reason, the defense may not plead prejudice on
appeal”). In addition, Appellant does not develop an argument in his
appellate brief with proper citation to authority as to how the statements of
family members impinged upon his constitutional right against self-
incrimination. Indeed, our Supreme Court has held otherwise. See
Commonwealth v. Dinicola, 581 Pa. 550, 563, 866 A.2d 329, 337 (2005)
(concluding a mere reference to a defendant’s pre-arrest silence does not
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                           -7-
J-A08037-17

      However, Appellant did object prior to the Commonwealth’s calling of

Detective Edward Toliver to rebut counsel’s statement to another officer that

“Nobody cared enough to get a search warrant.” N.T., 6/24/15, at 8-9. The

Commonwealth indicated that while it had not intended to call Detective

Toliver to testify regarding the conversation Appellant had had with him on

April 7, 2013, it felt the need to question Detective Tolliver in response to

Appellant’s questioning of “a number of witnesses as to the [D]etective not

serving a search warrant on [Appellant’s] home and even went so far as to

say to Officer Flager, ‘nobody cared.’” N.T., 6/24/15, at 4.

      As stated previously, our Supreme Court has held that “a mere

reference to pre-arrest silence does not constitute reversible error where the

prosecution does not exploit the defendant’s silence as a tacit admission of

guilt.”   Commonwealth v. Adams, 628 Pa. 600, 601, 104 A.3d 511, 513

(2014)    (Opinion       Announcing       the    Judgment   of   the   Court)   citing

Commonwealth v. DiNicola, supra; Commonwealth v. Whitney, 708

A.2d 471, 478 (Pa. 1998).4 In doing so, the plurality in Adams stated that

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

necessarily impinge constitutional rights when guilt is not implied and
“[e]ven explicit reference to silence is not reversible error where it occurs in
a context not likely to suggest to the jury that silence is the equivalent of a
tacit admission of guilt”). See id (citation omitted). As such, this claim is
also waived for lack of development. See Commonwealth v. Spotz, 610
Pa. 17, 157, 18 A.3d 244, 327 (2011).
4
  Of the five justices deciding Adams, three agreed that the reference to
appellant's pre-arrest silence during the police investigation did not impinge
on the defendant's constitutional rights. Among the three was then-Chief
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                            -8-
J-A08037-17

“[w]hile    we   have      interpreted     the    constitutional    right    against   self-

incrimination    generally      to    prohibit    prosecutors      from     referencing   a

defendant's silence as substantive evidence of guilt, this Court has also

concluded that the right against self-incrimination is not burdened when the

reference to silence is ‘circumspect’ and does not ‘create an inference of an

admission of guilt.’” Id., 628 Pa. at 609, 104 A.3d at 517 (citation omitted).

      Moreover, our Supreme Court held in DiNicola, that the prosecution

could use a defendant's pre-arrest silence not only to impeach a defendant's

testimony but also as a fair response to defense arguments. Id. 581 Pa. at

562, 866 A.2d at 336, (finding that “[s]ince the trooper’s investigation was

obviously limited by [defendant’s] decision to reject the request for an

interview, we find that the Commonwealth’s elicitation of the trooper’s

testimony regarding this fact constituted fair response”). The admissibility of

testimony for purposes of fair response, where there is an appropriate

objection thereto, is subject to the trial court’s evaluation of probative value

versus prejudicial effect under Pa.R.A.P. 403. DiNicola, 581 Pa. at 561, 866

A.2d 336.

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

Justice Ronald Castille, who, in concurrence, offered his view that reference
to pre-arrest silence would not violate a defendant's constitutional rights
“irrespective of whether the prosecution later exploited the reference.” See
Adams, 628 Pa. at 611, 104 A.3d at 518. (Castille, J., concurring)

                                            -9-
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      In support of its holding that its decision to permit the Commonwealth

to present evidence regarding Appellant’s failure to report to the Homicide

Unit for questioning did not disturb Appellant’s Fifth Amendment right

against self-incrimination, the trial court stated the following:

             [O]n April 7, 2013, the day the decedent was killed,
      Detective Tolliver spoke with [Appellant] on the phone and
      explained to him that he was investigating the homicide and that
      he would like to talk to [Appellant] as part of gathering
      information. [Appellant], not a suspect at the time, promised
      that he would come to Homicide to speak to the detectives
      further. Almost immediately thereafter, [Appellant] reached out
      to his counsel, Anthony Petrone, who advised him against
      speaking to anyone. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/4/2015, p.10).
             [Appellant], therefore, insists that he simply followed his
      counsel’s advice, and that his Fifth Amendment rights were
      violated when his non-reporting to Homicide was brought to light
      through Detective Tolliver’s trial testimony.
             This court finds that in the case at bar, Detective Tolliver’s
      testimony offered a reasonable explanation as to why a search
      warrant was not served on [Appellant] in an attempt to locate
      the gun from which the shots were fired. As the Commonwealth
      correctly noted, had a search warrant been served on
      [Appellant], the latter would have interpreted this circumstance
      as him [sic] being a suspect, which would have scared him away
      from talking to the detectives.
             [Detective Tolliver’s] testimony came in, clearly, to rebut
             any allegations of … lazy detective work and the credibility
             of Detective Tolliver, when he took the witness stand, as
             the defense attacked Detective Tolliver’s credibility. Part
             of the attack on his credibility was the lack of serving a
             search warrant and the lack of his diligence. So it came in
             for that purpose and not to pierce [Appellant’s] Fifth
             Amendment right.
      (N.T. Volume, 06/26/2015, pp. 9-10).
             Furthermore, it was well known that [Appellant] had a lot
      of properties, and it wouldn’t have been obvious which property
      to search in the first place. The detectives were also aware that
      it was easy to dispose of the gun “right away.” (N.T. Vollume
      [sic] 1, 06/24/2015, pp. 7-8).

                                     - 10 -
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             Upon review of the record, this court is satisfied that the
      evidence that [Appellant] did not follow through on his promise
      to come to Homicide to speak to the detectives did not imply any
      tacit admission of guilt by [Appellant] as it was introduced with a
      sole purpose of demonstrating the nature and focus of the
      investigation. Through his trial testimony, Detective Tolliver,
      whose credibility was a “linchpin” in this case (N.T. Volume 1,
      06/24/2015, p. 11), offered a fair response to counter any
      defense allegations of his supposed lack of conscientiousness as
      an investigator. The reference to [Appellant’s] non-showing up
      at Homicide was circumspect and contextual; in no way did it
      create an inference of [Appellant’s] consciousness of guilt. This
      court, therefore, concludes that [Appellant’s] right against self-
      incrimination was not disturbed. No relief is due.

Trial Court Opinion, filed 4/5/16, at 50-52. Upon our review of the record,

we find no abuse of the trial court’s discretion.

      At numerous points throughout trial, Appellant criticized the police for

exhibiting apathy in their investigation and highlighted the alleged lack of

thoroughness they had showed in their failure to search his various

properties for evidence linking him to the murder. See e.g. N.T., 6/17/15 at

91-92; 6/18/15, at 82-85; 6/22/15, at 122-23; 6/23/15, at 174-75;

6/29/15, at 31-40, 44-45. It was in response to such criticism that the trial

court properly allowed Detective Tolliver’s testimony.    See DiNicola, 581

Pa. at 561-62, 866 A.2d at 335-36 (Commonwealth may introduce evidence

of pre-arrest silence when defense’s examination of a witness challenges the

diligence of police investigation of its case).

      In addition, the prosecutor indicated that he had inquired as to

whether Appellant wished to have the trial court provide a cautionary

instruction to the jury “about how to properly use the evidence of

                                      - 11 -
J-A08037-17

[Appellant] telling family members and Detective Tolliver that he would talk

to the police or go down to the Homicide Division and give a statement, then

never did.”    The prosecutor explained he would not object to such a

cautionary instruction, although defense counsel stated that for “stragetic

reasons” he did not want the trial court to provide one. N.T., 6/29/15, at 4.

As such, Appellant has waived any claim of purported prejudice as a result of

Officer Tolliver’s testimony regarding Appellant’s pre-arrest silence for his

failure to request a curative instruction. See Commonwealth v. Williams,

532 Pa. 265, 277, 615 A.2d 716, 722 (1992) (finding trial court’s instruction

to jury not to draw any adverse inference from prosecutor’s comment upon

defendant’s post-arrest silence during closing argument sufficient to cure

any potential prejudice therefrom).

      Appellant also posits the trial court abused its discretion when it ruled

that if he were to present testimony of his former counsel, Anthony Petrone,

to establish it was he who advised Appellant not to talk to the police, the

Commonwealth      would    be   permitted      to   question   counsel   on   cross-

examination regarding his representation of Appellant in prior criminal

homicide investigations. Brief for Appellant at 8-9, 12.        Appellant stresses

that as a result of this ruling, Attorney Petrone was not called to testify.

      A review of the record reveals Appellant mischaracterizes the trial

court’s decision in this regard, for nowhere did the trial court prohibit

Attorney Petrone from testifying; instead, the court indicated it would

                                      - 12 -
J-A08037-17

provide the prosecution “wide latitude” in its cross-examination of counsel.

N.T., 6/26/15, at 13-17.     As the trial court pointed out, defense counsel

agreed with its observation that any direction Attorney Petrone may have

provided to Appellant not to speak with police did not necessarily mean that

was, in fact, the reason he did not do so. In addition, the trial court stressed

that Attorney Petrone’s testimony regarding his advice to Appellant “neither

rebuts the fact that [Appellant] lied to the decedent’s family nor rebuts the

reason Detective Tolliver did not serve a search warrant.”          Trial Court

Opinion, filed 4/5/16, at 54 (footnote omitted).

      As the Commonwealth asserts, the scope of cross-examination is

always a matter within the trial court’s discretion. Commonwealth’s Brief at

34 citing Commonwealth v. Dowling, 778 A.2d 683, 687 (Pa.Super.

2001). Appellant’s arguments pertain only to what prejudice he surmises he

“would have suffered” had Attorney Petrone testified. Brief for Appellant at

14.   As such, he has failed to show, in fact, that his constitutional rights

were violated or that he was prejudiced, as the cross–examination never

occurred due to a strategic decision defense counsel made not to call

counsel on the stand:

             [Defense Counsel]: And if Petrone does not testify, you’re
      not going to argue in any form or imply or draw reasonable
      inference that his not going to the police when he told Tolliver he
      would is consciousness of guilt or a lie or anything else, because
      that’s not why you introduced it?
             [The Prosecutor]: That’s correct.
             The Court: Okay. Then we’re on the same page?
             [Defense Counsel]: I think we are.

                                     - 13 -
J-A08037-17

N.T., 6/26/15, at 16-17. In light of the foregoing, Appellant’s first issue lacks

merit.

      In his second question presented, Appellant states the trial court

denied his federal and state constitutional rights to due process and a fair

trial when it prevented him from presenting testimonial evidence from Jamar

Nesmith and Rasheeda Rogers. Appellant maintains their testimony would

have established they, along with the victim, had been involved in a

prostitution conspiracy to rob drug dealers in the vicinity wherein the victim

was murdered. Although not specified in his Statement of Questions

Presented, Appellant further argues in his appellate brief that the trial court

abused its discretion when it excluded evidence that a BB gun had been

found in the decedent’s vehicle.

      When considering challenges to the admissibility of evidence, we

employ a well-settled standard of review:

      The admission of evidence is solely within the discretion of the
      trial court, and a trial court's evidentiary rulings will be reversed
      on appeal only upon an abuse of that discretion. An abuse of
      discretion will not be found based on a mere error of judgment,
      but rather occurs where the court has reached a conclusion that
      overrides or misapplies the law, or where the judgment
      exercised is manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality,
      prejudice, bias or ill-will.

Commonwealth v. Witmayer, 144 A.3d 939, 949 (Pa.Super. 2016) citing

Commonwealth v. Woodard, ___ Pa. ____, 129 A.3d 480, 494 (2015).

                                     - 14 -
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      Initially, we note that while Appellant frames his argument pertaining

to this issue in terms of the denial of his constitutional rights in his appellate

brief, he did not present a constitutional challenge before the trial court

either at the time of trial or in his Rule 1925(b) statement.         It is well-

established that “[a] party complaining, on appeal, of the admission of

evidence in the court below will be confined to the specific objection there

made.” Commonwealth v. Cousar, 593 Pa. 204, 231, 928 A.2d 1025,

1041 (2007), cert. denied, 553 U.S. 1035, 128 S.Ct. 2429, 171 L.Ed.2d 235

(2008). If counsel states the grounds for an objection, then all other

unspecified grounds are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on

appeal. Commonwealth v. Arroyo, 555 Pa. 125, 142, 723 A.2d 162, 170

(1999); thus, Appellant has waived this claim for his failure to properly raise

it below.      See N.T., 6/17/15, at 32-36, 39-46; 6/23/15, at 180-81;

Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the lower court are waived and

cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”); Dowling, supra at 686

(finding appellant waived claim on appeal where he presented one theory in

his Rule 1925(b) statement and a different one in his appellate brief).

      In addition, to the extent Appellant generally asserts the trial court

abused its discretion in excluding the testimony of Mr. Nesmith and Ms.

Rogers in his Rule 1925(b) statement and appellate brief, we find he waived

this challenge for his failure to raise a timely and specific objection with the

trial court.

                                     - 15 -
J-A08037-17

        Prior to trial, the parties presented argument on the Commonwealth’s

motion to exclude the proposed testimony of Mr. Nesmith who had given a

statement to a defense investigator the prior week. Positing the statement

lacked proper foundation and was rife with hearsay, the Commonwealth

explained that if called to testify, Mr. Nesmith would state that he had

committed robberies with the victim in the past and that he received a call

from someone indicating there was “a hit” on her.           The Commonwealth

elaborated that such evidence would be used to show there was another

reason why the victim would have been in the block of Bailey Street where

the murder occurred and that someone other than Appellant would have had

a motive to kill her.          N.T., 6/17/15, at 30-31.    The Commonwealth

highlighted that because there was no other evidence to corroborate Mr.

Nesmith’s statements that the victim had engaged in prior robberies, such

testimony would be improper under Pa.R.E. 404(b).5

____________________________________________

5
    This rule reads, in relevant part, as follows:

               (b) Crimes, Wrongs or Other Acts.
               (1) Prohibited Uses. Evidence of a crime, wrong, or other
        act is not admissible to prove a person’s character in order to
        show that on a particular occasion the person acted in
        accordance with the character.
               (2) Permitted Uses. This evidence may be admissible for
        another purpose, such as proving motive, opportunity, intent,
        preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, absence of mistake, or
        lack of accident. In a criminal case this evidence is admissible
        only if the probative value of the evidence outweighs its potential
        for unfair prejudice.
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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J-A08037-17

      In response, Appellant averred such testimony went to the heart of his

defense in that Mr. Nesmith and Ms. Rogers knew the victim well and the

trio had engaged in dangerous activities as was proven by the victim’s

robbery conviction. N.T., 6/17/15, at 32-35. Appellant further related that

Mr. Nesmith had been shot at, proving he was the victim of a hit. Id. at 34.

Appellant admitted no one ever had been arrested for shooting of Mr.

Nesmith. Id. at 34-35. Following a brief recess, the trial court made the

following ruling:

             THE COURT: I know the defense has explained to me that
      defense reviews this as vitally important to the defense in this
      case, and that may be, but the evidence lacks the proper
      foundation. It’s speculative. And ultimately all it proves, even if
      it’s true, is that it goes to character assassination of the
      deceased.     I’m going to grant Commonwealth’s motion to
      preclude it.

Id. at 35.

      Appellant did not object to the trial court’s decision at this juncture,

and the trial court proceeded to consider on the record a juror issue.

Thereafter, defense counsel indicated his investigator had just handed him a

Facebook page belonging to Ms. Rogers.              Although he admitted that prior

thereto Ms. Rogers had denied any involvement in the murder, counsel

maintained that the innuendo contained in the Facebook post constituted a

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

Pa.R.E. 404(b)(1), (2).

                                           - 17 -
J-A08037-17

clear and direct implication that Mr. Nesmith is “a rat.”       Id. at 39-41.

Counsel added that as he was pondering the trial court’s ruling, he

remembered surveillance video of the area depicted another individual,

clearly not Appellant, wearing a gray hoodie and walking down Bailey Street

and returning about twenty-five minutes later not wearing the hoodie. Id.

at 41-43. Counsel posited it would be fair to present this evidence, to the

jury to establish another individual may have had a motive to commit the

murder. Id. at 42.

       The Commonwealth retorted, inter alia, that the Facebook post was

not authenticated and its contents were vague. Id. at 44-45. The trial court

indicated that the document did not change its ruling, and Appellant, again,

did not place a timely and specific objection on the record.   Id. at 46. As a

result, for the reasons set forth supra, Appellant has waived this issue for

appellate review.6

____________________________________________

6
      Notwithstanding, even if Appellant had preserved his claim that Mr.
Nesmith and Ms. Rogers should have been permitted to testify, we would
conclude that it lacks merit because the trial court properly exercised its
discretion in granting the Commonwealth’s motion to exclude this proposed
testimony. Appellant claims that the testimony would have tended to show
the crimes of which Appellant was accused may have been committed by
someone else and that it was “crucial to the defense to be able to present a
basis for the jury to find that she may have been there for another purpose
and that she may have suffered harm as a result of her involvement in
previous criminal activity.” Brief for Appellant at 24-25. To the contrary,
the mere suggestion that someone else may have had a motive to commit a
crime does not constitute evidence. Commonwealth v. Foley, 38 A.3d
882, 887 (Pa.Super. 2012). Also, a review of the record reveals Appellant
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                          - 18 -
J-A08037-17

      Finally, Appellant challenges the trial court’s ruling in response to the

Commonwealth’s motion in limine presented during trial asking the court to

preclude Appellant from introducing evidence that police had recovered a BB

gun from the victim’s car after her body was found. N.T., 6/23/15, at 177.

In doing so, Appellant maintains the fact that a BB gun was found in the

victim’s vehicle corroborates the proposed testimony of Mr. Nesmith which

would have suggested individuals in the vicinity other than Appellant could

have had contact with or a motive to harm the victim. While the trial court

indicated it would have permitted the admission of this evidence if Appellant

had asserted he acted in self-defense, it ultimately found it “less than

insignificant” and, therefore, inadmissible. N.T., 6/23/15, at 178-179.    We

find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in excluding this proffered

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

presented no extrinsic evidence at trial to corroborate the bald allegations
that the victim had been involved in prior robberies. As such, the trial court
properly determined the evidence lacked a proper foundation, was
speculative and, if it were admitted, “would undeniably go to character
assassination of the deceased.” Trial Court Opinion, filed 5/5/16, at 57.
      The trial court also correctly determined that Ms. Rogers’ Facebook
post and the referenced videotape were inadmissible evidence. Hearsay is
an out-of-court statement offered for the truth of the matter asserted.
Pa.R.E. 801(c). Hearsay generally is inadmissible unless it falls within one of
the exceptions to the hearsay rule delineated in the Pennsylvania Rules of
Evidence. Commonwealth v. Savage, 2017 WL 900023, at *4 (Pa.Super.
Mar. 7, 2017).     In this case, Appellant fails to argue or to point to any
exception to the hearsay rule under which either Ms. Rogers’ Facebook post
or the referenced videotape might fall.

                                           - 19 -
J-A08037-17

evidence.   Witmayer, supra.   Appellant's second claim has no arguable

merit.

     Judgment of Sentence Affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/21/2017

                                - 20 -
                                                                                 Circulated 04/07/2017 03:04 PM

                           IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                      FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
                          TRIAL DIVISION - CRIMINAL SECTION

 COMMONWEALTH OF                                                       CP- Sl-CR-0002445-2014
 PENNSYLVANIA

          vs.

 RUDOLPH MCGRIFF
                                                                       SUPERIOR COURT
                FILED                                                  NO. 9 EDA 2016

                APR - 5 2016
         Criminal Appeals Unit               OPINION
      FirstJudicial Oistrict_of PA
GEROFF,J.                                                             APRIL 5, 2016

        On July l , 2015, after a jury trial, the Defendant, Rudolph ("Ru»; "Rudy") McQriff, was

convicted of murder of the first degree, carrying a firearm without a license, carrying a firearm

on the public streets, and possessing an instrument of crime. Also on July I, 2015, this court

sentenced the Defendant to a mandatory term of life imprisorunent without parole on the murder-

of-the-first-degree charge. The Defendant also received concurrent sentences of two and one-

half (2 Yi) to five (5) years on the charge of carrying a firearm without a license, two and one-

half (2 Yi) to five (5) years on the charge of carrying a firearm on public streets, and two and one-

half (2 Yi) to five (5) years on the charge of possessing an instrument of crime.              (N.T.

07/01/2015, pp. 8-9; 16-17).
              At trial, Petitioner    was represented       by Richard DeSipio, Esquire.   Burton A. Rose,

     Esquire, was subsequently retained to represent the Defendant on appeal.

             On December 23, 2015, the Defendant filed a Notice of Appeal.            On January 12, 2016,

     this court ordered counsel for the Defendant to file a Concise Statement of Matters Complained

     of on Appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. § 1925(b). On or about February 10, 2016, counsel for the

     Defendant filed a § l 925(b) Statement.

             In his Statement, the Defendant raises the following issues, verbatim:

             I. The trial court abused its discretion in permitting the prosecutor to present evidence
                 that the Defendant had repeatedly declined to report to the Philadelphia Police
                Homicide Unit for questioning and ruled that the defense would not be permitted to
                present the testimony of attorney Anthony Petrone, Esquire who would have testified
                that he instructed the Defendant, who was his client, not to talk to the Homicide Unit
                detective which would have been crucial in countering the prosecutor's argument that
                the Petitioner had refused to do so as proof of the· Defendant's consciousness ofgfriH;'        ..
                in this regard, the trial court abused its discretion in ruling that, if called to the stand,
                Mr. Petrone could be questioned about the Defendant's previous criminal cases, thus
                resulting in Mr. Petrone's not being called to testify.

            2.   The trial court abused its discretion in refusing to permit the defense to call witnesses
                 such as Jamar Nesmith, who resided at 3225 N. Bailey Street, and Rasheed[a]1
                 Rogers to testify that the slaying of victim may 'have been .a response to her
                 participation in a scheme with Nesmith and Rogers to commit armed robberies on
                 Bailey Street of drug dealers, along with evidence that a BB gun was found in the
                 victim's vehicle, to counter the Commonwealth's argument that the victim was slain
                 by the Defendant

    Defendant's Statement of Errors To Be Complained of on Appeal, 02/10/2016, pp. 1-2.

THE EVIDENCE

           The evidence adduced at trial established beyond reasonable doubt that in the early

morning hours of April 7, 201_3, the Defendant shot and killed Malisha Jessie (nicknamed Lai

Lai). The jury also found the evidence to be sufficient to support. the guilty verdict on the

I
    Appellate counsel incorrectly identifies Rasheeda Rogers as Rasheed Rogers.

                                                          2
          charges of carrying a firearm without a license, carrying a firearm on the public streets, and

          possessing an instrument of crime.

                                               Tlte Murder and Investigation

                     Erica Burton, a friend of the decedent, testified that on April 6, 2013, she and the

          decedent met at about 5:00 pm and visited three different bars together. Burton stated that she

          and the decedent did not have "a lot" to drink that night. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/17/2015, pp. 94-

          97, 99).

                     Burton stated that at some point that evening, she received a phone call from her mother

         who was in the same area; they met at Germantown Avenue and Bristol Street where the

:   -,   decedent's car was also parked at-about 2:05 am.: Burton got irt-the'car with her mother and they

         drove home; the decedent drove behind them. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/17/2015, p. 99). Burton

         expected the decedent to follow her toward Route 76; however, despite mentioning to Burton

         that she was going home, the decedent did not follow her to the expressway. (N.T. Volume 1,

         06/17/2015, pp. 100-101). Burton noticed that it was about 2:13 or 2:15 am. (N.T. Volume 1,

         06/17/2015, p. 101). "[WJhen her car turned off, I looked in my rearview and said.v'Where's Lai

         going," and I looked at the clock." (N.T. Volume 1, 06/17/2015, p. 101).

                 That morning, April 7, 2013, Burton received a phone call from the decedent's son,

         Myzeh, who was looking for his mother. Soon thereafter, Burton was also contacted by the

         decedent's grandmother who informed her that she had received a visit from police with regard

         to "a girl with tattoos [who] had been shot in the head." (N.T. Volume 1, 06/17/2015, pp. 104-

         05).

                                                           3
             Immediately thereafter, Burton went to the decedent's house where she came in contact

     with detectives.     The detectives drove her to Homicide where she gave a statement.                                      Burton

     recognized the statement she gave to Detectives Edward Tolliver and Micah Spotwood on April

     7, 2013 at 3:30 pm and confirmed that while at Homicide, she also identified a photograph of the

    decedent which the detectives showed her. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/17/2015,                       pp. 105-08).

            Lonnie Wilson testified that on Saturday, April 6, 2013, into Sunday morning, April 7,

    2013, he was inside his home on the 3200 block of North Bailey Street in Philadelphia when he

    was awakened by the sound of two gunshots at about 2:30 am.2                 He did not call the police after

    hearing those two gunshots; to his knowledge, no one did. He indicated that he did see the police

    on the block at 8:30 or 9:00 am when he came out to walk his dog. (N.T. Volume 1,.06/17/2015,
 . . 11"")
·p..   .., : . ..   _..
                    - .... .   ..• . ... . ·-·   . .                               .   .   ..   :   .    • •   •   •   "   ,.   •   •''•lo'I   .:,   ,. ••   ~.,;._,_\

           Wilson stated that he talked to a detective on location and that he also later gave a

    statement to Detective Brian Peters. He recognized the statement bearing his signature. (N.T.

    Volume 1, 06/17/2015, p. 115).

           Under cross-examination, Wilson explained that at about 2:30 am, he heard a female very

    loudly say, "No." (N.T. Volume 1, 06/17/2015, p. 116). Wilson estimated that the sound came

from about six houses away .. He explained that he did not call police because "sometimes it's a

common occurrence in the neighborhood if you hear gunshots. Nobody goes to the window.

Nobody goes to the door. You just don't call the cops. Usually a patrol car will come by after

hearing shots.          But this particular night ... I didn't see any beacons."                        (N.T. Volume l,

06/17/2015, p. 117).

2
 Wilson was confident about the time he heard the gunshots because he had a digital clock right by his bed. (N.T.
Volume I, 06/17nOI5, p. 114).

                                                         4
                                      Crime Scene Investigator Ronald Sirianni testified that on April 7, 2013, he was called

                           upon to process a crime scene on the 3200 block of North Bailey Street with Police Officer Terry

                           Tull.     (N.T. Volume      l , 06/17/2015,     pp. 123, 125).    Investigator    Sirianni   explained   that he

                           generated a report documenting           his findings and that he collected        certain   items of physical

                           evidence from the scene and placed them on Philadelphia Police Department property receipts;

                           he also photographed the crime scene. (N.T. Volume l, 06/17/2015,                p. 123).

                                     Investigator Sirianni    indicated that he and Officer Tull arrived at the scene· at 8:37 am and

                           remained on the scene until l 0:35 am.          By the time they arrived at the scene, it had already been

                           secured by the police and the crime scene tape was in place.             (N.T. Volume 1, 06/17/2015,         p.

                           125).

.   .   ·-.. . ... - ~,     :-:: .... For the benefit of     the jury,   Investigator Sirianni reviewed the photographs. taken on .

                          location noting that they fairly and accurately depicted the area as it appeared upon his arrival.on

                          location. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/17/2015, pp. 126-50).

                                     Investigator Sirianni explained that the ballistics evidence collected from the scene and

                          marked by numbered placards contained three fired cartridge casings (FCCs), and two

                          projectiles.    (N.T. Volume l, 06/17/2015, pp. 126-27, 133-34). The ballistics evidence was

                          packaged, numbered to correspond with the numbers on the placards, put on property receipts,

                          and then sent to the Ballistics Unit for further identification. (N.T. Volume I, 06/17/2015, pp.

                          133-34).     Three FCCs and two projectiles were put on Property Receipt No. 9015154.                     (N.T.

                          Volume i, 06/17/2015, pp. 134-35).

                                   Investigator Sirianni indicated that there was a lot of blood around the deceased. (N.T.

                          Volume 1, 06/17/2015, pp. 126-27).             Property Receipt No. 9015155       contained a sample of the

                          decedent's blood. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/17/2015, pp. 135-36).

                                                                                 5
         Myzeh Jessie-Ross,     thirteen at the time of the trial and eleven at the time of the

 decedent's death, stated that the decedent was his mother.            (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,   p. 12).

 He acknowledged     the Defendant's presence in the courtroom and stated that he was his mother's

 boyfriend, "Ru."     (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 13).              Myzeh noted that he lived with his

 mother from age seven to age nine; that he subsequently lived with his grandmother, and that

 starting in December     2012, when the decedent received visitation             rights, he would spend

 weekends with her. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,          pp. 13-14) .
                                                 .
        Myzeh indicated that he was six years old when he first met the Defendant. He noted that

 the Defendant was the decedent's boyfriend, though it was an on- and off-relationship, which

continued up until the time of the decedent's death. Myzeh stated that he had been to the
                                   ...       .
Defendant'shomeoften when he lived With his mother and that that sometimes he would sperid

the night at his place. Myzeh also noted that he even helped the Defendant move to his duplex in

West Philadelphia. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 15-17).

        Myzeh explained that he knew that the Defendant had two phones and that he saw the

Defendant with his two phones when he went to the movies with him. (N.T. Volume 2,

06/18/2015, p. 18).      He also acknowledged dialing the Defendant's telephone number at the

decedent's request multiple times when she was driving and said that he knew the Defendant's

telephone number by heart. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 19-20).

        Myzeh confirmed that the weekend she died, the decedent had visitation of him and that

he was going to be staying with her. On Friday, April            5th   the decedent picked him up from

school and he stayed at her home (where his grandmother Mary also lived). (N.T. Volume 2,

06/18/2015, p. 21-22).

                                                     6
                 Myzeh was awakened that night by his mother's screaming;           she was on the phone with

      the Defendant (whom she called by name). (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,                   pp. 23-24).   Myzeh

      stated that he overheard      the decedent tell the Defendant   that she "should have busted the

      windows out of his car and flattened his (car] tires when she saw ... their car out there the other

      day." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 24).       Myzeh also added, "She said he's mad that ... she

      got his name covered up with a [tattoo of a) diamond on her finger and how he tnoved a girl into

      a house." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 25-26).

               Myzeh also stated that on April 6, 20 IJ, he and the decedent attended a family gathering

      at her cousin's place. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 28).          He noted that on the way to the

     cousin's place they went to Bailey Street and that he remembered that block because that was

··   where the· decedent "got killed on." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/1&/201       s·, p. 30) ...   Myzeh 'stated that the

     decedent parked her car at the corner across the street from a store. She then took her phone and

     walked to the middle of the block and proceeded between the parked cars on the right side of the

     street; Myzeh, who remained in the car, lost sight of her for a few minutes. (N.T. Volume 2,

     06/18/2015, pp. 30-31). When the decedent came back to the car, she was on the phone. Myzeh

     knew that the decedent was talking t the Defendant because she asked, "Ru, where are you at?"

     (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 33).

               After she got into the car, they proceeded up the block; Myzeh saw the Defendant's silver

     sports car, with which he was familiar, parked on the left side of the block. (N.T. Volume 2,

     06/18/2015, p. 33 ).

               The decedent then proceeded driving "to a local school."     (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,

     p. 34).      They then saw the Defendant walking the dog and they got out of the car and

     approached him; the Defendant was wearing a gray hoodie.          The Defendant was not paying

                                                      7
 attention to them u.ntil the time the decedent started screaming 'something to the effect of busting

 out the windows of his car and slashing the tires. Following the encounter, they returned to the

car and went to the cousin's cookout. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 34, 36, 44).

        After the cookout, they drove back to the decedent's      home. That night; the decedent's

friend Erica came over; the decedent and Erica put makeup on, got dressed, and left. That was

the last time Myzeh saw his mother. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 36-37).

        On Sunday morning, when Myzeh woke up, he went into the decedent's room looking for

her, but she was not there. He asked his grandmother Mary where she was, and grandmother did

not have an answer. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 37-38).

        Myzeh remembered meeting with a few sets of detectives in this case. The detecitves

asked himwhetherhe     knew the decedent, showed himher ID and her phone, andasked him for

the phone's passcode so that they could unlock the phone. The detectives also showed Myzeh a

picture of Bailey Street, and Myzeh recognized the block where he had gone on Saturday

afternoon with the decedent.    He shared with the detectives what had happened on the block that

Saturday afternoon and told them about the decedent's boyfriend, the Defendant. (N.T. Volume

2, 06/18/2015, pp. 38-40).     Myzeh also provided the detectives with Erica's phone number and

the immediate family's phone number. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 41).

       Myzeh stated that two other detectives came to the house at a later time; he remembered

meeting Detective Edward Tolliver. It was at that point that he learned that his mother was dead.

(N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 41). Detective Tolliver and his partner, Micah Spotwood, later

came to take a formal written statement from him. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 43).

       Freddie Brown testified that on the morning of April 7, 2013, he was inside his home at

3223 North Bailey Street, sleeping in front of a television downstairs when he was awakened by

                                                 8
          some i'noises in the street." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 63-64).    It sounded like two people

          - a male and a female - were arguing. Brown looked out the window, then went back to his seat;

          then he heard about two shots. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 64-65).

                  Brown stated that he looked outside again and noticed 'someone standing in the middle of

         the street. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 66). Brown stated that while he could not describe

         the person he remembered that he was wearing "something gray, like a hoodie, a gray hoodie."

         (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 68).        He also remembered that the person was taller than him -

         about five foot six, and that' he was not a "large guy" though heavier than Brown. (N.T. Volume
                                                                                                       •
         2, 06/18/2015, p. 68).    When asked about the race of the person, he responded, "I would say he's

         black." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 69).       Brown was not sure about the person's age. (N.T.

· · · ·· .. Volume 2; Oolr8i20T5; ·p:· 69).    Brown remembered thar the· incident happened after' 2:30-am:

         "The whole ordeal that I heard started between 2:00 and 2:30 [am)."              (N.T. Volume 2,

        06/18/2015, p. 72).

                 Brown indicated that he did not call 911 that night. When the sun rose in the morning, he

        did not remember police officers being on the block but he did remember seeing the decedent's

        body lying on the street between two cars. Before he noticed her body, he heard "a fire truck

        with the low sound," which to him signified the presence of "a body or something."           (N.T.

        Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 72).         He remembered seeing the deceased on the block once or twice

        before, including on Saturday when he noticed her walking down the street. (N.T. Volume 2,

        06/18/2015,   p. 74).

                Brown remembered getting in a police car on the morning of April 7, 2013 and going to

        Homicide, where he was interviewed by Detectives Tolliver and Spotwood.         He confirmed that

                                                           9
          the detectives asked him questions and that he provided answers and signed the bottom of each

         page of the statement.      (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 73, 77).

                    Brown also noted that he was on medications that night and that he was prescribed many

         different medication     for various ailments.   He also confirmed that he was taking medication for

         his kidney problems and that he received kidney dialysis.          Brown conceded that that night, he

         heard more than two voices (none of which he recognized).            (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,   pp.

         85-87).

                   Brown confirmed that the police showed him some photographs,         but noted that he could

        not recognize anyone on those photographs.              (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/20 I 5, p. 88).   He also

        confirmed that gunshotswere quite common in that neighborhood. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,

... . .... pp. 88, 90).

                   Under redirect examination, Brown acknowledge stating the following to the detectives:

                   I was inside my house downstairs in a chair in the front room. I woke up
                   [at] about 2:30 am. I was going to take my medication and I heard a
                   woman screaming. I couldn't make out what she was saying. I only heard
                   the one voice. I heard gunshots.

       (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 92).

                   He also confirmed that he remembered providing the following information at the

       preliminary hearing:

                   QUESTION: What did you hear?

                   ANSWER: I heard some noise sounded like an argument or something. People arguing

                 and talking loud.

                 QUESTION: How many voices did you hear argue and talking loud?

                 ANSWER: Actually, I heard one voice.

                                                           IO
         QUESTION: Was that voice a male or a female?

         ANSWER: It was a female.

         QUESTION: When you say the female voice was arguing and talking loud, were you

         able to hear what the female voice was actually saying?

         ANSWER: No, I wasn't. But I know it was high volume.

 (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,    p. 94).

        Brown confirmed that defense investigator, Ron Felder, came to his home and took

 photographs. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 95).

        On re-cross examination, Brown stated that there were, in fact, more than two voices out

 on the street that night. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 98).

        On "redirect ·exairiiri~tfon;·· he stated that 'defense investigator Felder visited him in his

home the night before he testified. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 98). He insisted that no one

influenced what he said. "I can only say what I see or hear." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p.

99).     He reconfirmed that he heard more than two voices that night. (N.T. Volume 2,

06/18/2015, p. 99).

        Priscilla Jessie testified that she was the younger sister of the decedent. (N.T. Volume 2,

06/18/2015, p. 106).    She confirmed that she knew the Defendant for about five years as the

decedent's boyfriend and that the Defendant and the decedent were in an "on and off," "toxic"

relationship. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 107).

       Ms. Jessie stated that on April 4, 2015, she spoke on the phone with the decedent. She

noted that the decedent sounded a little sad. The decedent explained to Ms. Jessie that she did

not want to be with the Defendant anymore and that "she was done."                (N.T. Volume 2,

06/18/2015, p. I 09).   The decedent also mentioned that she had an envelope containing the

                                                Il
  Defendant's address but addressed to a girl; the decedent believed that some girl was staying at

  the house with the Defendant.   (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,   p. 110).

           Ms. Jessie indicated that next she spoke to the decedent on the phone on the morning of

 April 6, which was the last time she ever talked to her. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 110-

  11 ).

          Ms. Jessie noted that on Sunday, April 7, 2013, she received a phone call from her

 mother who informed her that the decedent was dead.       Jessie explained that she also called the

 Defendant because the decedent and the Defendnat were normally together on weekends and she

expected them to be together; the Defendant did not answer the phone.            (N.T. Volume 2,

06/18/2015, p. 111).

    -·· . When Ms. Jessie called the decedent's phone; Defective Tolliver" picked   up:   He told her

that "he had a car and he had a woman, she was unidentified." (N.T. Volume.2, 06/18/2015, p.

112).       Jessie then went to the decedent's house on Mount Vernon Street. (N.T. Volume 2,

06/18/2015, p. 113).

          Ms. Jessie also stated that the Defendant came to the decedent's Mount Vernon home

wearing a gray True Religion hooded sweatshirt and camouflage pants.            (N.T. Volume 2,

06/18/2015, p. 114).     When she asked him where he had been and noted that she tried calling

him multiple times, he told her that "he just woke up." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 120). He

also told her that he went to a nightclub and a fashion show the night before and that he saw the

decedent for the last time on Thursday. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 120).          Because Ms.

Jessie remembered that Myzeh told her that he and the decedent had seen the Defendant on

Saturday, she concluded that the Defendant was lying to her. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p.

121).

                                                12
         ·· When someone brought up Bailey Street where the decedent was killed, the Defendant

said, "Oh, oh, Bailey- Street?    I got a house on Bailey Street."   (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p.

 121). Ms. Jessie noted that the Defendant looked "shocked and confused."           (N.T. Volume 2,

06/18/2015, p. 121).

           Ms. Jessie also stated that she and the Defendant had a conversation outside the

decedent's home that day and that he asked her who had the decedent's cell phone. When she

told him that "the cops had her phone," he replied, "[Ojh, you can-get the phone back. We can

do this on our own." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 122).              She interpreted his words as

meaning that he would try to figure out who committed the crime.           Ms. Jessie also asked the

Defendant if he would go to the police station, and he said he would go but never did. (N.T.
    ..                                                  .
Volume 2, 06/18/2015; p~· f22}.' -· ·· ·

          Ms. Jessie also stated that in the week following her sister's murder, the Defendant called

her several times but that she did not take all of his phone calls because she was scared. When

they did talk, he kept asking her about the phone; he wanted Ms. Jessie to get the phone back

from the police. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 123).

          Ms. Jessie also noted that the week of the murder, she had gone to the Defendant's

Instagram page and that she took a snapshot of a photograph which the Defendant posted on

Saturday, April 61ll. She explained that the reason she saw the picture was that she was checking

to see what the decedent was doing over the weekend. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 124-

25). Ms. Jessie took a screen shot of the Defendant's Instagram post from April 6, 2013 on May

21, 2013; she provided the screen shot to the District Attorney. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p.

125).     Ms. Jessie indicated that the Instagrarn shot was deleted soon thereafter, that the user

name of the Instagram post was 'Achilles Da Boss,' and that that account belonged to the

                                                  13
          Defendant with whom she had been friends on Instagram.                  (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,             pp. 125,

          127).

                   Ms. Jessie acknowledged her awareness of prior physical incidents between the decedent

          and the Defendant while they were in a relationship.                 (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,                p. 128).

         One incident occurred over their weekend trip to Atlantic City. The decedent and the Defendant

         returned on Sunday; when Ms. Jessie went to see the decedent at her house on Mount Vernon

         Street, she noticed that the decedent had a "busted eye and a busted lip." "Her eye was black and

         ... swollen. And at the time, she had braces, so the braces were cut into her bottom lip." (N.T.

         Volume 2, 06/18/2015,      p. 130).      When asked what had happened, the decedent told Ms. Jessie

         that she and the Defendant had been fighting; when Ms. Jessie tried probing this circumstance

.... :.... further, 'the decedent got angry with her and ..said that she did not want to talk. aboutit.                    '(N.T.

         Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 130).

                  The second incident occurred in the summer of 2012. Ms. Jessie stated that the decedent

         kept calling her phone but that she missed her calls. When they finally connected, the decedent

         asked Jessie to "come get [her.]" (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 130-31).                        Ms. Jessie then

     drove to the Defendant's place at Delancey Street to pick up the decedent. "[S]he got into the

     car and she had on sunglasses and I asked her to remove the sunglasses. And she had a busted

     eye and another busted lip and was complaining about abdominal pains." (N.T. Volume 2,

     06/18/2015,p.        131).3

                  Ms. Jessie confirmed that she gave a statement to Detective Tolliver on April 9, 2013 and

     that she reviewed and signed the statement. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 133).

     3Ms. Jessie also stated that the decedent's eye was swollen and that her lip was black, "like, cut inside." '(N.T.
     Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 131).

                                                                14
         - Under cross-examination,     Ms. Jessie conceded that she never saw the Defendant strike

 the decedent.      (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,         p. 139).   She also confirmed that when the

 Defendant heard thatthe decedent was killed on Bailey Street, he looked shocked and confused

 and immediately responded, "I have a house.on Bailey Street." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p.

 147).

          Aiking Jessie, the decedent's brother, testified that on April 7, 2013, he learned about the

 decedent's killing from his family.       Upon receiving the tragic news, he called the Defendant

 whom he had known to be the decedent's boyfriend; however, the Defendant did not answer the

phone. Mr. Jessie acknowledged the Defendant's presence in the courtroom.              (N.T. Volume 2,

06/18/2015, pp. 159-60).

          Mr. Jessie stated ·that he left .. a voicemail for the ·Defendant.    'He then drove to the

decedent's house where the Defendant later arrived as well.          (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p.

161).

          . .. I told him that my sister was dead. And at that point in time when I told
          him, ... he acted like he didn't know what I was talking about. And I said,
          ... "Well, I don't understand how you don't know what I'm talking about
          because it pretty much happened on your block, which is Bailey Street."
          And when I mentioned Bailey Street, he was like, "Bailey Street?" ....
          "Like, how did you know I had a house on Bailey Street?"

          I said it was pretty much the talk of the house.

(N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 163).

          Mr. Jessie stated that he returned to the decedent's home on April 8, 2013, and that the

Defendant also showed up there with two girls whom Mr. Jessie had never met before. (N.T.

Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 164).        Mr. Jessie asked him if he "[got] a chance to talk to the police

officers." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,      p. 165). The Defendant told Mr. Jessie that he would go

                                                   15
 to the police.   Mr. Jessie stated that he talked to him about going down to the police several

 times. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 165-66).

         Mr. Jessie indicated that over the course of the next three weeks he had one interaction

 with the Defendant when the Defendant called him on the phone. When the Defendant called

 him, Mr. Jessie talked to him again about going down to the police, and the Defendant said he

 would do that. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 166).

        Mr. Jessie also stated that they ended up meeting in person at the end of April 2013 and

 that they talked for about 15-20 minutes. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 168).           Mr. Jessie

noted, "You know, I asked him again about, you know, did he go down to the police, give a

statement. And again he told me no." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 168).            Mr. Jessie also

'mentioned that   during   their meeting, the Defendant, yet again, asked him about the· decedent's

telephone. "He just asked me, ... well, ... , where is her phone, ... who has the phone? And I let

him know that the police has her phone." (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 169).

        When asked whether the Defendant probed him about the investigation, Mr. Jessie said,

"Sort of, kind of, was asking, ... almost hinting, ... do the police have any witnesses or ... are

they looking at anybody. So it was almost, sort of ... seemed like he was fishing." (N.T.

Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 169).

       Mr. Jessie was shown the statement he gave to the detectives on April 9, ·2013 and

attested to its authenticity. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 170-72).

       Under cross-examination, Mr. Jessie confirmed that on April 8,. 2013, when the

Defendant showed up at the decedent's home, Mr. Jessie looked him in the eye and asked him

directly if he had killed his sister; the Defendant responded that he would never do that to his

sister. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, pp. 181-82).      Under redirect examination, Mr. Jessie noted

                                                 16
  that il appeared that the Defendant was "acting" when he said that. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015,

  p. 182).    Unde.r re-cross examination, Mr. Jessie confirmed that he did not believe the

 Defendant. (N.T. Volume 2, 06/18/2015, p. 185).

         Femi-Arna ("Femi") Johnson testified that the Defendant was her boyfriend for about

 three and a half years.    She noted that they never talked about their relationship as being

 monogamous. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 9). She indicated that when she began dating the

 Defendant, he did not tell her that he was married; she added, however, that she did not ask him

 about his marital status. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/I9/20f5, pp. 6-7, 9).

        Johnson indicated that she did not know the decedent personally; however, she knew of

 her th.rough going through the Defendant's Instagram account and "clicking on people who_ liked

 his picture or people that were tagged." (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, pp. 10-11).       When she

asked the Defendantabout her, he informed her that he and the decedent had been in a previous

relationship. According to Johnson, she assumed they were no longer in a relationship; however,

she did not ask the Defendant about it directly. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 11).

        Johrison stated that she moved into the Defendant's 3229 North Bailey Street home

around early 2013; she lived there rent-free and was covering only the utilities. (N.T. Volume 3,

06/19/2015, pp. 13-14).    She noted that the Defendant spent the majority of his time in South

Carolina where he relocated around 2012. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 16).

       Johnson indicated that on Sunday, April 7, 2013, she learned from the Defendant that the

decedent was killed when she and the Defendant were at his friend Theme's house in West

Philadelphia. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, pp. 19, 21).

       Johnson stated that on Saturday, April 6, 2013, she was at home on Bailey Street, and that

the Defendant was in and out that afternoon. She noted that he went out with a friend though she

                                               17
     did not ask him exactly where he was going. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, pp. 25- 26). Then he

     returned for a "quick second," only to go out again. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 26).4                   .

              Shortly thereafter, Johnson received a phone call from the Defendant. The Defendant

     explained to her that he had forgotten his cell phones at Bailey Street and asked her to bring them

    over to his friend Theme's house where he was at that moment.                  (N·.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015,

    pp. 27-28).    Although Johnson was already in bed, she "assumed there had been alcohol

    involved" as the Defendant "didn't necessarily sound completely sober."                       (N.T. Volume 3,

    06/19/2015,   p. 29). According to Johnson, she delivered the Defendant's two phones to him to

    prevent an accident. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 29).

            When she returned, she did not see any police on location.                  She spoke to one of her

    neighbors, an elderly man, who informed her that someone had been killed on the block. (N.T.

    Volume 3, 06/19/2015, pp. 34-35).

           Johnson stated that on May 29, 2013, Detectives Tolliver and Spotwood came to meet her

    in her classroom at the school where she was teaching. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 37). She

    followed them to Homicide where she ended up spending several hours. (N.T. Volume 3,

06/19/2015, p. 3 9).

           In the interview room, the detectives asked her "a variety of things" relating to both the

decedent and the Defendant and showed her a photograph of a piece of mail with her name and

address on it (they explained that they retrieved that photograph from the decedent's phone).

(N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, pp. 43-44). Johnson confirmed that the detectives took a question

and answer interview statement from her that day and typed it up, and that she signed and dated

every page of the statement as well as her Statement of Adoption Attestation. (N.T. Volume 3,

4
 Johnson clarified that the "quick second" the Defendant was back at the house before leaving yet again lasted
about ten minutes and that they had a brief conversation. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 27-28).

                                                         18
  06/19/2015,     p. 45-46, 50-51).          She also confirmed that she .identifled              photographs of the

  Defendant, Charles Bonner (Theme), and the decedent. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, pp. 50-51).

  Johnson noted, however, that she only skimmed, and not fully reviewed the statement before

 signing it as she was tired and "wanted to get out of there." (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 46).

           She confirmed that following           her encounter with the detectives, she hired a criminal

 defense attorney, Ray Driscoll, to represent her in this case, and that it was the Defendant who

 referred her to Driscoll. (N.T.Volume 3, 06/19/2015,              p. 56).

          Johnson noted that she told the Defendant that she was picked up by homicide detectives

 at her school and that she made a statement at Homicide. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 78).

          Johnson confirmed that the Defendant told her that there was an arrest warrant issued in

 his name on September 21, 2013.            (N.T. Volume 3, 06/f9/2of5~ p. 84). She noted that they both

were "understandably upset and both really shocked and surprised about it." (N.T. Volume 3,

06/19/2015,     pp. 79-80).

          Johnson acknowledged that she testified at the grand jury hearing on December 6, 2013.5

Johnson stated that she first learned that the Defendant was still legally married to his wife on

December 6, 2013, during the grand jury hearing. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, pp. 72, 90).

         She also stated that at some point, Detective Tim Bass and Detective George Pirrone

knocked on the door of her mother's house when she was staying there. They were looking for

the Defendant, whom they wanted to apprehend on an open murder warrant.                            (N.T. Volume 3,

06/ 19/2015, pp. 85-87).

         Johnson was shown an exhibit of telephone records which reflected the telephone calls

she had been exchanging            with the Defendant on April 6 and 7, 2013. (N.T. Volume 3,

s Johnson stated that she was living in Atlanta at the time of the grand jury hearing on December 61\ 2013.   (N.T.
Volume 3, 06/19/2015,   p. 90).

                                                          19
 06/l~/2015, pp. 94-101).      She confirmed that she returned the Defendant's phone call at 12:48

 pm when he told her, "I'm going to swing by." (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015,       p. 101).   She also

 confirmed that the phone records did reflect that the two of them had an interaction at 2:54 am

 when he was at Theme's house in West Philadelphia from which location he called her and asked

 her to bring him his two phones. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 102).       She also conceded that

 at the grand jury hearing she agreed that the Defendant was with her at 3229 North Bailey Street

 between 12:48 am and 2:54 am. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 111).

        Johnson also confirmed that at the grand jury hearing, she provided the following answer

 in response to a question regarding how long the Defendant had been gone before she received

 the phone call at 2:54 am, "ANSWER: Enough for me to go to sleep.            So I would say bare

minimum 30 minutes." (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19(2015,         pp. 112-13).

        Johnson also attested that the following question-and-answer     exchange occurred at the

grand jury hearing:

        QUESTION: After he finished walking the dog a second time and before
        he left the house and leaving his phones in the house, what did the two of
        you do? ....
        ANSWER: Well, it was nighttime. We probably had sex and we talked .
        . . .I was in my bed. That was pretty much it.

(N.T. Volume 3, 06/19!2015, p. 117).

       Johnson remembered receiving a number of telephone calls from a blocked number on

April l , 2013. She stated that she did not know how the decedent had got her cell phone number.

(N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 132).

       Johnson stated that 'Ms. Molly' was her neighbor who lived on the opposite side of the

street. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, pp. 136-37). Johnson said that she "[didn't] know" whether

the Defendant told her of the affidavit of probable cause for his arrest warrant which he received

                                                20
  within two days after his arrest on October 2, 2013. She also wasn't sure if the Defendant told

  her that the affidavit listed witnesses by numbers instead of names or that he wanted· to find out

 who they were and if it was Ms. Molly.       (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 138). Johnson denied

 having cryptic    phone conversations      with the Defendant      about Ms. Molly or about the

 Defendant's associates,    though she conceded that she may have said to the Defendant on

 December 7, 2013, "Miss Molly is gone." (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 140).                  She also

 agreed that on December 18, 2013, the case was continued because a witness did not show up in

 court. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015,    p. 142).

         Johnson agreed that on Saturday, after she testified before the grand jury, she was driving

 back down south and was on Route I-95 in Delaware or Maryland when the Defendant called

.. her; they spoke 'on the phone for over an hour. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/1'9/2015, p.144) ..      Johnson

 also confirmed that they were having an argument, with the Defendant saying that she failed to

handle her job properly.    She noted that as a result of that argument, she turned the car around

and drove back up to Philadelphia. (N .T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 144). Johnson also agreed

that having talked to· "Ms. Molly," she was back on the road the very next morning.              (N.T.

Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 145).

        Johnson denied that the plan was to make sure Ms. Molly did not come to court; she also

denied that Ms. Molly was not a female. (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 147).                 Johnson

conceded, however, that when she came to see Ms. Molly a second time, she said to her that she

was curious what people were saying about her"husband." (N.T. Volume 3, 06/19/2015, p. 188).

        During cross-examination,     Johnson was shown and recognized the Defendant's hoodie

and LeBron James sneakers.     She indicated, however, that they were at his Bailey Street place all

the time and that she gave them to Investigator Felder about five days before the start of the trial.

                                                  21
     She noted that the Defendant         never asked her to throw those items away. (N.T. Volume 4,

     06/22/2015, pp. 42-45).

            Johnson also explained that the Defendant wanted her to bring the phones on April 7,

     2013, because "his children were about to get on the road and ... their car had trouble, so ... [she]

    assumed that he wanted to ... make sure that everything was okay and you can't do that if you

    don't have your phone." (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015,               pp. 48-49).

            Under redirect examination, Johnson acknowledged that this was the very first time that

    she provided the reason for bringing the phones to the Defendant on the morning of April 7,

    2013; she did not remember explaining this reason to the detectives on May 29, 2013 or before

    the grand jury. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, pp. 59-61).

            Johnson denied that Ms. Molly'~as·the           onlyperson that she could go to to get money for

    the Defendant's lawyer but conceded that Ms. Molly "would know other people." (N.T. Volume

    4, 06/22/2015, p. 61).

           Charles Bonner testified that the Defendant was his childhood friend. (N.T. Volume 4,

06/22/2015, p. 66). Bonner stated that on April 61h into April 71\ 2013, he and his friends,

including the Defendant, attended a hair show at 3801 Market Street.                              (N.T. Volume 4,

06/22/2015, pp. 66-68). Bonner left around the same time as the Defendant; he dropped off the

Defendant at his car. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/20 t 5, pp. 69-70).6 Bonner stated that he said to the

Defendant that he needed "to see what's going on with the little chick I had in there," that he was

going to call her, and that depending on what she had to say, he and the Defendant could later go

to some other place to party. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 70).

6
 Initially, Bonner testified that he dropped off another friend, Zach, not the Defendant, at Zach's car and then went
home. (N.T. Volume 4, 06'22/2015, p. 67).

                                                          22
         Bonner noted that he last saw the Defendant outside the hair show entrance and that the

 Defendant did not tell him where he was going. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 71).           Bonner

 indicated that "around about two-something"     the following morning, April 7, 20 I 23, when he

 was home alone, someone dropped the Defendant off at his house. (N. T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015,

 pp. 72-73). · Bo1U1er explained that upon arrival,    the Defendant said, " ... I [must] check my

 phone and see if my family ... made it home down south yet because they was [sic] on the road."

 (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 74). Bonner noted that the Defendant then realized that he did

 not have his phones with him and requested Bonner's permission to use his phone. (N.T.

 Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 74). After he made a phone call, his "female friend" came over. (N.T.

Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 75).

    - .. Borio-er insisted that fie was aware that the Defendant was going to come to his house that

morning and that his arrival was, in fact, prearranged. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 75). He

stated that the Defendant was his friend and that it was not "abnormal" for him to come to

Bonner's house. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 76).          Bonner did not remember what the

Defendant was wearing that morning with the exception of the Defendant's Le Bron sneakers of

"aqua color." (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 76).

       Bonner remembered how officers came to his house, handcuffed him, and took him to

Homicide. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 77-78). Bo1U1er recognized Officer Earl Tilghman· as

the officer who "came and locked [him] up."           (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 78).      He

acknowledged that he did not go voluntarily to Homicide. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 80).

Bo1U1er denied remembering that he told Officer Tilghman that he did not want to be dragged

down because of the Defendant doing "something stupid." (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 80).

                                               23
             Bonner confirmed that on June 6, 2013 he gave a statement to Detective Tolliver but

     stated that he did not remember telling Detective Tolliver that he was not really that close with

     the Defendant and that he, in fact, did not know why the Defendant just showed up at his house

     that morning. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015;pp.           81, 84).

            Bonner was shown the statement that he gave to Detective Tolliver and he confirmed that

     he signed each of the four pages of the statement, put his signature underneath the photographs

     of the Defendant and a female, and signed the Statement of Adoption Attestation. (N.T. Volume

     4, 06/22/2015, p. 85). Bonner denied reviewing his statement before signing it. (N.T. Volume 4,

     06/22/2015, pp. 86-87).

            Bonner conceded that he was in custody at the time of the Defendant's trial after pleading

.. guilty to federal robbery and firearms charges.' . (N:T. 'Volume 4, 06/22/20'15, p. 89).               Bonner

     denied that when he was brought to the District Attorney's office, he said, "Everything in my

 statement is true, I'm not taking no stand." (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 91).

            For the benefit of the jury, the District Attorney went through Bonner's                   statement

 question-by-question.         Bonner confirmed that he said that he went to the show with his friend

 Zach and that he took Zach to his car afterwards, before returning home.                    (N.T. Volume 4,

 06/22/2015, p. 101).      He also confirmed that he identified the Defendant on a photograph and

 that he stated that he saw the Defendant at the hair show and then the Defendant came to his

 house early Sunday morning. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 102). He denied that the Defendant

 used his telephone to call a "chick." (N. T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015,                   pp. 103-04).      Bonner

 confirmed that he identified the girl on a photograph as the female whom the Defendant brought

 7
  Bonner indicated, however, that "they planted evidence on [him)." (N.T. Volume 41 06/22/2015, p. 89). Bonner
 confirmed that he received a sentence of seven and a half(7 Vt) years. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 90).

                                                       24
  to his house. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, pp. 104-05).     He also confirmed that he said that he-

 did not know the decedent. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 105).

         Bonner acknowledged     that he said that the Defendant      was wearing LeBron James

 sneakers when he came to his house but denied saying that the Defendant was wearing a gray-

 hooded sweatshirt and jeans.   He said that he, in fact said "I'm not really sure if he had the gray

 sweater on, but I know he had some gray jeans on." (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. I 06).

        Bonner confirmed saying that he did not see what car the Defendant was driving that

 night. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. l 06). When the District Attorney pointed out to him that

 in the statement, Bonner never mentioned that someone dropped the Defendant off and that the

 Defendant waved to somebody after he came into the house, Bonner noted that Detective

Tolliver did notask himabout that. (N.T: Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 107).

        Bonner denied saying that the Defendant told him that he was going home after the hair

show. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 108).

       Eric Wallace testified that he was inside his home on the 3200 block of North Bailey

Street the morning of April 7, 2013. He was awakened by noise that morning: he heard someone

outside arguing. When he got up and looked outside, he saw someone pass by. He could not see

who it was because the trees were blocking the street lights; however, he noticed that the person

was going up the street toward Willard Street. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, pp. 145-50).

       Wallace did not call police. He received a phone call in the morning and was informed

that someone had been killed on the block. He noticed police on the block that morning. (N.T.

Volume 4, 06/22/2015, pp. 150-51).

       Wallace confirmed that sometime after the incident detectives came to his home to speak

to him and that they took him down to the Roundhouse.      He remembered giving a statement to

                                               25
    Detectives Tolliver and Spotwood on April 15, 2013. Wallace confirmed· that each page of his

    statement contained his signature as did the page with some photographs as well as the Statement

    of Adoption Attestation.    He conceded that although he told the detectives that he was not under

    the influence of drugs 'or alcohol, he was on Percocet and chemo and was taking crack cocaine to

    help relieve his stress. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, pp. 153, I 55-57, 164-65).

            Wallace confirmed that when asked by the· detectives to describe in his own words what

    he saw, he stated:

           I heard an argument outside. I was upstairs in my room. I don't know
           what time it was. I tried to look and see who was arguing, but I couldn't
           see who they were. rt was two people, a maJe and a female. Then I heard
           gunshots and saw the male leaving. He walked fast toward Willard Street.
           I stayed in my house. About 8 a.m. in the morning, I saw the crime scene
           people out there. The block was taped off.

           Then Iheard gunshots and saw the male leaving.

    (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015,pp.      166, 168-69).

            He denied, however, that what he said about the argument outside was true; he also

denied hearing the gunshots or seeing the male walking toward Willard Street. When reminded

that before being shown the statement, he testified that he saw someone walking up toward

Willard Street, he denied seeing anybody. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, pp. 167-69).

           While he confirmed that he did say in his statement that the male who walked away after

he heard the gunshots was his "old neighbor, Tina's brother,"! he denied that it was true. (N.T.

Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 170).         He also denied recognizing the Defendant on the photo array as

"the male [he] saw walk away after hearing the gunshots." (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 173).

8
  He confirmed that the Defendant was Tina's brother whom he had recognized in court. (N.T. Volume 4,
06122no1s, p. 111).

                                                        26
                 Wallace confirmed that he did not see the male with a gun.                  He also confirmed that he

     said that the male was wearing a gray hooded sweatshirt, blue jeans, and sneakers and that

     although his hood was up, he could see the front of his face. (N. T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p.

     l l 76):    However, he denied that this was true and stated, "I didn't see nothing." (N.T. Volume

    4, 06/22/2015, p. 176).

                Wallace acknowledged that he said that he did not see the female who was shot. (N.T.

    Volume 4, 06/22/2015,         p. 177).    He confirmed that he saidto the detectives that he did not call

    the police after he heard the gunshots because he "wanted to mind [his] business." (N.T. Volume

    4, 06/22/2015, p. 180) .

          . .. He .~o.~ft.~ed   that he gave permission to videotape the interview but noted that they did

    not ask for his· consent before putting him· on the video. (NT. Volume 4, 06/22/201 S, pp. 181-82,

    184-85).9

                Wallace remembered that he was subpoenaed for a court date on December 18, 2013, to

    testify in this case but that he did not appear in court on that day.                    He remembered that on

December 23 he came to the District Attorney's office after he heard that a bench warrant had

been issued.          He also confirmed that he expressed concerns about testifying to the District

Attorney.         He confirmed that during the meeting with the District Attorney and Officer Jackson,

he stated that everything in his statement on the video was true. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, pp.

192-93, 223).

            He also confirmed that on February 25, 2014, he testified at the preliminary hearing.

(N.T. Volume           4, 06/22/20 l S, p. 193).         For the benefit of the jury, his testimony at the

preliminary hearing was read in court. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, pp. 197-216).

9
    The video was played in court for the benefit of the jury.    (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, pp. 185-91).

                                                             27
             Wallace agreed that his testimony           at the preliminary      hearing was very similar to the

     statement he had made at Homicide. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015,                   p. 201).10       One difference

     was that at the preliminary hearing he stated that the person he saw when he looked out his

     window was not the Defendant. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 211).                     He conceded, however,

     that during the December 2013 meeting with the District Attorney, he said that he "was not

     pointing the finger at nobody." (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 225). When asked what he was

     fearful of, he responded that he was fearful of "the truth." (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 225).

     He also confirmed that, when asked "What is the truth?" he noted "I didn't see nothing." (N.T.

     Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 225).11

            Under cross-examination, Wallace stated that he had cancer and that on April 151h he had
                              .      .       .

'to waitfor & hours atHornicidebefore being interviewed. During that period of time, he did not

 take Percocet, his pain medicine. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 231-33).

            Police Officer Earl Tilghman testified that Detective Tolliver asked him to transport

 Bonner to Homicide if he could locate him.                   (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, p. 7). (Officer

Tilghman knew Charles Bonner from an earlier time; when Bonner was 15 or 16 years old, he

was one of the players on the youth basketball summer league team which Officer Tilghman

coached.) (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, p. 6).

10
   However, during the preliminary hearing, Wallace indicated that he was not under the influence of any drugs or
alcohol when he went down to Homicide to be interviewed on April 15, 2013. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 206).
While he conceded that he, indeed, gave that answer at the preliminary hearing, he noted that he, in fact, was under
the influence. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 206).
II
   Wallace confirmed that he also met with the defense investigator Felder and that the latter asked him questions for
about 45 minutes before Wallace took the witness stand. (N.J. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 226-28). Wallace denied
that Felder brought up the words "rat" and "snitch" while talking to him. (N.T. Volume 4, 06/22/2015, p. 227).
He then explained, "I was trying to answer his questions ..... I don't remember. I don't know." (N.T. Volume 4,
06n212015, p. 228).

                                                         28
              Officer Tilghman and his partner, Officer Tameka Jackson, went to the address in West

      Philadelphia provided by Detective Tolliver and met with Bonner. (N.T. Volume I, 06/23/2015,

      pp. 7-8).    When Officer Tilghman told Bonner that Detective Tolliver was investigating the

      death of the Defendant's girlfriend and that he wanted to speak to him because his name came up

     in the investigation,      Bonner responded, "I'm not getting dragged down in this bullshit because

     he did something stupid." (N.T. Volume I, 06/23/2015, p. 9).

             Officers Tilghman and Jackson then drove Bonner to the Homicide Division where he

     was interviewed by Detective Tolliver.        They waited for Bonner at Homicide and transported

     him back home on completion of his statement. (N.T. Volume l, 06/23/2015, pp. 10-1 I).

             Officer Tilg~rnan also confirmed that about two weeks prior to trial, at the request of the

. - -·· District Attorney, he and Police Officer Leon Telesfofd trarisported Bonner, who was in custody

     at that point, to the District Attorney's Office for a meeting. (N.T. Volume I, 06/23/2015, p. 12).

     Officer Tilghman        stated that Bonner was ve1y "hostile" when brought into the District

     Attorney's office:

            He said he didn't want no part of this. He wasn't getting up on the stand,
            putting nobody in jail. You had his statement, everything in the statement
            is true, if you want to use the statement you can use the statement. He
            wasn't getting up on the stand. If you wanted him up on the stand, the
            sheriffs were going to have to beat his [expletive] and drag him up on the
            witness stand.

    (N.T. Volume I, 06/23/2015, p. 13).

            Detective Brian Peters testified that he was working in the early morning hours of April

    7, 2013, when the Homicide Division was notified of the death of a female. (N.T. Volume l ,

    06/23/2015,   pp. 24-25).     Detective Peters went to the crime scene with Detective Glenn (first

    name not given). (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, p. 25). When they arrived, uniformed personnel

    were already on location, and crime scene officers were processing the scene.

                                                      29
          ·    Detective   Peters indicated      that they located some evidence in the street, including

     projectiles and fired cartridge casings (FCCs). A pair of car keys was also found near the body.

     (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015,       p. 26).

               Detective Peters also noted that as part of processing the scene, they knocked on doors to

     perform "neighborhood surveys."          (N.T. Volume I, 06/23/2015,           p. 27).      They did surveys on

     both sides of the block as well as on some part of AJiegheny and Willard streets. (N.T. Volume

     1, 06/23/2015, pp. 27-29).

              Detective Peters confirmed that at that time, he spoke with Lonnie Wilson and took a

 formal statement from him.            (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, p. 29).                    He also spoke to Eric

 Wallace, who denied saying anything. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, p. 29).

              DetectivePeters explained thaf theywere trying to locate the decedent's vehicle; they

 succeeded in finding it about 75 yards west of the body. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015,                            p. 30).

After opening the car door, they found and recovered the decedent's cell phone on a car seat.

(N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, p. 31).

              Upon leaving the crime scene, they went to the decedent's home and spoke with the

decedent's        son Myzeh Jessie; they asked him for the phone's pass code which he was able to

provide. (N.T. Volume I, 06/23/2015,              p. 32).12

              Detective Peters stated that thereafter, he gave the decedent's telephone to Detective

Tolliver.        (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, p. 33).               The telephone was eventually placed on a

Philadelphia Police Department Property Receipt No. 3127429. (N.T. Volume l, 06/23/2015, p.

34).

12
   While they were at the home, they did not make an official notification as they were not sure of the identity of the
deceased person at that time and were not going to give that information to a juvenile. (N.T. Volume I, 06/23/2015,
p. 33).

                                                              30
                                                                                                           - - --
                                                                                                      .. - ...

              Detective Timothy Bass explained that as a member of the fugitive squad within the

 Homicide Division, on September 17, 2013, he and his partner, Detective George Pirrone, were

 assigned to apprehend the Defendant. They were provided with an arrest warrant and a fugitive

 package by Detective Tolliver who was the assigned detective in this case. (N.T. Volume I,

 06/23/2015, pp. 45-46, 50).

          Detective Bass explained that on September 18, 2013, he and Detective Pirrone went to

 an address of record for the Defendant in Pottstown, Pennsylvania.         When they arrived, the

property was vacant and there was a rental sign on the front of the property.        They received

information that it was under a lease with new tenants. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, p. 51).

          Thereafter, they established another possible address,     in South Carolina, and that

. information was forwarded to the FBI Federal Violent Crimes Task Force: Once they learned

that the Defendant may have moved to South Carolina, they sent an agent there; however, the

Defendant could not be found at the South Carolina address. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, pp.

51-53).

          Detective Bass noted that on September 30, 2013, he and his partner went to a location in

the 15th Street and Temple University area where they made contact with Femi-Arna Johnson.

After Detectives Bass and Pirrone introduced themselves, Johnson acknowledged that she knew

why they were there. She told them she had not spoken to the Defendant for over a week and

that she had not seen him in some time. She indicated that she would not provide his phone

number but explained that when he called her, his number came up blocked. (N.T. Volume 1,

06/23/2015, pp. 56-59).

          When Detective Bass asked her if they could check her house for the Defendant's

whereabouts, she consulted with her attorney, Raymond Driscoll, by phone, and that the latter

                                                31
     gave them permission         to proceed inside. However, they did not find the Defendant.                           (N.T.

     Volume 1, 06/23/2015, pp. 60, 62).

              On October 2, 2013,           they were notified through the Defendant's                 attorney that the

     Defendant was about to come in to surrender.                    Detectives    Bass and Pirrone processed the

     Defendant's arrest at 7:30 when he came to the front door. of the Police Administration Building

     with his counsel. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015,             pp. 66-68).

             Marcella Jones testified that Eric Wallace was her friend of over 30 years. She confirmed

     that Wallace told her that he had seen a homicide; however, she noted that she stopped him when

 he was about to give her the details as she did not want to hear anything about it. (N.T. Volume

     1, 06/23/20 l 5, pp. 137-38).     She believed that the homicide happened on his block.

            According ·ta Jones, Wallace told her that he was scared for his life because he was a·

 witness.      She indicated that she and Wallace had this conversation about a year before the trial.

 (N.T. Volume I, 06/23/2015, p. 138).

            Naneke Green testified that she was the decedent's cousin.                   She knew the Defendant as

someone the decedent was dating.                 Green testified that in the afternoon of April 7, 2013, she

drove to the decedent's place; on the way there, she called the Defendant and had a conversation

with him.13        The Defendant told her that he was on his way to the decedent's home. He told her

that he had just found out about the decedent's murder and that he did not see her the previous

day and did not know why she would be on Bailey Street.                           (N.T. Volume l, 06/23/2015, pp.

142-43).

            Green testified that when she arrived at the decedent's home, she had a chance to talk to

the Defendant, who was already there. (N.T. Volume I, 06/23/2015, p. 145).                            Green noted that

13
     Green indicated that she also tried calling him, unsuccessfully, earlier that day. (N.T. Volume I, 06f23f2015, p.
143).

                                                             32
      when she asked the Defendant whether he had seen the decedent the previous day, the Defendant

     stated:

                We were going through it, to be honest. I effed up. . . .I was talking to
                somebody and I lied to her. She found out. I wasn't around, though. I
                went to a fashion show at 3801 then I went to the 7-Eleven. Then I got a
                hotel room. I didn't want to be around it.

     (N.T. Volume l, 06/23/2015, pp. 145-46) (emphasis added).

               Green explained that she understood that he went to a hotel because he had lied to the

     decedent about a female staying at the house. The Defendant told Green that he was going to

     talk to the detectives. (N.T. Volume l, 06/23/2015, pp. 146-47).

               Detective Edward Tolliver testified that he was the assigned detective in this case and

.   ....that on April
         . . . . -· . . 7, 2013,
                              . he and
                                     . his partner at the time, Detective Spotwood,. interviewed
                                                                                        .    . . . . witnesses,
                                                                                                      . .. ~ . . .

    including Freddie Brown who was the first person to be brought down to Homicide.                      (N.T.

    Volume l, 06/24/2015, pp. 18-20).

               Detective Tolliver stated that on April 7, 2013, the decedent's cell phone retrieved from

    the decedent's car was turned over to him; eventually, he and Detective Spotwood made their

    way to the decedent's home and talked to the family. (N.T. Volume I, 06/24/2015, pp. 22, 27).

               Detective Tolliver indicated that while he was still at the headquarters that afternoon, he

    had a chance to talk to the Defendant on the phone.               Detective Tolliver explained to the

    Defendant that he was investigating the decedent's homicide, that he understood that the

    decedent and the Defendant were romantically involved, and that he just wanted to speak to the

    Defendant as part of the investigation.      Thereafter, the Defendant agreed to come to Homicide

    and obtained the address from Detective Tolliver.            They waited for him for a few hours;

    however, he never showed up.         Detective Tolliver called him back but the Defendant never

    answered the phone. (N.T. Volume l, 06/24/2015, pp. 22-23).

                                                        33
         Detective Tolliver noted that they also talked to Erica Burton and her mother on April 1>

 2013. On April 9, 2013, the decedent's siblings, Priscilla Jessie and Aiking Jessie came in and

 provided statements. (N.T. Volume I, 06n4!2015, p. 24).

         Detective Tolliver indicated that he received neighborhood surveys from Detectives

 Peters and Glenn.     He also noted that he and Detective Spotwood went back to the block

 numerous times to canvass the neighborhood and to do their own surveys as well; they talked to

 about a dozen people. (N.T. Volume I, 06!24nOI5, pp. 26-27).

        On April 9, 2013, Detective Tolliver obtained a search warrant for the contents of the

decedent's cell phone and for the phone records. Detective Tolliver explained that the other two

search warrants
            . were
                .  .for
                     . . cell phone
                                 ...
                                     records of two target cell phone numbers associated with

Sprint and AT&T, respectively. Based on the information he obtained through executing those

search warrants, he then applied for other search warrants for additional phone numbers. Later in

April, Detective Tolliver received an extraction report for the phone's contents through the

Regional Computer Forensics Laboratory. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/24/2015, pp. 27-31).

        On April 15, 2013, Detectives Tolliver and Spotwood met Eric Wallace, whom they

identified as a potential witness in the case. They knocked on his door, talked to him inside his

home, and secured his agreement to come to Homicide and talk to the detectives. (N.T. Volume

I, 06/24/2015, pp. 31-32).

       Detective Tolliver noted that while Wallace informed them that he had cancer, he assured

the detectives that he would be fine without taking his medications with him. (N.T. Volume I,

06/24/2015, p. 35).

       Wallace told the detectives that prior to hearing gunshots, he heard an argument between

a male and a female. He then went to the window and only saw a male who was walking off east

                                              34
  on Willard Street. Subsequently he said that he recognized the person; however, he was scared

  and did not want to identify him. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/24/2015, pp. 36-37).

             Detective Tolliver said that he and Wallace had lunch together and talked about a lot of

  different     things - life,   family   friends,   and the neighborhood;   after the interview    was

  memorialized, Wallace agreed to be videotaped and then left. (N.T. Volume l, 06/24/2015, pp.

  37-40).

            Detective Tolliver noted that Wallace identified the Defendant on a photo array of eight

 males.       Wallace explained to the detectives that he was introduced to the Defendant by his sister

 Tina, who used to live two doors away from Wallace two years earlier.              Detective Tolliver

 indicated that at no point did Wallace say that he needed any medication or that he needed to

 leave the interview       room;   Iie never refused to sign anything and willingly agreed to. be

 videotaped. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/24/2015, pp. 46-47, 55).

            Detective Tolliver confirmed that despite being subpoenaed to appear at the preliminary

 hearing on December 18, 2013, Wallace never did so. Although Detectives Griffin and Centeno

 were searching for him, they were unable to locate him. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/24/2015, p. 57).

            Detective Tolliver also noted that on February 25, 2014, Detective Centeno picked up

· Wallace and brought him to court for a preliminary hearing. Prior to taking the witness stand

 that morning, Wallace told Detective Tolliver that "people don't want him to testify." Detective

Tolliver offered to move Wallace if he felt that he was in any danger but Wallace never took

 advantage of those offers. Detective Tolliver noted that Wallace told him that he was threatened

but he never mentioned who had threatened him. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/24/2015, pp. 57-58).

            Detective Tolliver confirmed that he had applied for multiple search warrants to access

cell phone records for the decedent's iphone and for other target phone numbers associated with

                                                     35
 this .. case. . He acknowledged    that he received the Regional Computer Forensic Laboratory

 (RCFL) extraction reportfor the decedent's phone and looked through the contents of the phone,

 and that he also looked at the messages from the phones belonging to the Defendant; he noted

 the abundance oftext messages. (N.T. Volume I, 06/24/2015, pp. 63-65; 67-72).

          Detective Tolliver also confirmed that he looked at each frame of a surveillance video

 from a store on the corner of Bailey Street and Allegheny A venue. The video from the afternoon

of Saturday, April 6, 2013, showed the decedent driving up on Bailey Street in her cat, parking

her car, getting out of the car, and walking north on Bailey Street while talking on a cell phone,

then coming back to the car and taking off. Approximately a half-hour later, the video showed

the Defendant walking south on Bailey Street, going inside the store, leaving the store, and

· proceeding to go east on Allegheny A venue. The cell phone records showed       'that 'starting   at 4: l 3

pm, during the time period observed on the video, several phone calJs were made from the

decedent's cell phone to the Defendant's cell phone. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/24/2015, pp. 74, 77-79,

82-83).

          For the benefit of the jury, Detective Tolliver went through the text messages exchanged

between the decedent and the Defendant over a period of time. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/24/2015, pp.

88-102; N.T. Volume 1, 06/25/2015, pp. 26-34, 37).

          Detective Tolliver explained that as the next step of their investigation, he and Detective

Spotwood tracked down Femi Johnson, who was staying at the Defendant's place on North

Bailey Street. Unable to locate her at the residence, they found out where she worked; on May

29, 2013, Detectives Tolliver and Spotwood went to the school in Southwest Philadelphia where

Johnson was a teacher. (N.T. Volume l, 06/25/2015, p. 37).

                                                  36
         When Detectives Tolliver and Spotwood explained the reason of their visit to Johnson,

 she produced a business card of an attorney, Dennis Cogan (she explained that she had received

 the card fromthe Defendant). (N.T. Volume l, 06/25/201'5, p. 40). The detectives told her that

 she had the right to have an attorney but that they were "just investigating a homicide that

 happened two doors away from [her] house" and wanted to talk to her .to find out if she knew

 anything. (N.T. Volume l, 06/25/2015, p. 41).

        Detective Tolliver stated that Johnson, who was never a suspect, agreed to go to

 Homicide where they took an interview from her. (N.T. Volume l, 06/25/2015, pp. 41-42).

 Detective Tolliver noted that Johnson was "very vague, very' evasive" when answering all of the

detectives' questions. (N.T. Volume l, 06/25/2015, p. 42). She confirmed that she was at home

at the time of the shooting and that she transported the Defendant's phones to the Defendant

early in the morning. (N.T. Volume l , 06/25/2015, p. 45);

        Detective Tolliver also noted that guns can be disposed of easily and that in his

experience as a detective and police officer it was rare that guns could be retrieved after some

time had passed. After talking to his supervisors and his partner, they decided against serving a

search warrant at the North Bailey location: "[W]e felt like we would be tipping our hand a little

bit if we served a search warrant, especially at this location .... " (N.T. Volume l, 06/25/2015, pp.

49-50). He was also waiting for the Defendant to follow up on his promise to come in and talk

to Detective Tolliver. (N.T. Volume l, 06/25/2015, p. 50f

       In her statement, Johnson identified Charles Bonner, in addition to the Defendant and the

decedent. After receiving Johnson's statement, Detectives Tolliver and Spotwood found out

Bonner's whereabouts, and on June 6, 2013, they brought him into Homicide for an interview.

(N.T. Volume 1, 06/25/2015, pp. 50-52).

                                                37
          Detective Tolliver noted that Bonner, who was cooperative, mentioned that he and the

 Defendant had attended a hair show-together             on April 61h and that around 2:00 am on-April 7,

 2013, the Defendant arrived at his house. He indicated that shortly thereafter, the Defendant's

 acquaintance, a girl, came to the house with his two phones which he had left at his residence.

 (N.T. Volume I, 06/25/2015, pp. 53.:65).

         Detective Tolliver stated that about a week or two after their initial encounter with

Johnson, he and Detective Spotwood returned to her house. She was at home and after they told

her that they wanted to talk to her again at Homicide, she refused to go with them; instead, she

provided them with the name of her attorney, Raymond Driscoll. Following that encounter with

Johnson, they reached out to Mr. Driscoll; they had no further conversations with Johnson, but a

grand jury investigation was conducted. (N.T. Volume I, 06/25/20i5, pp. 66-69).

         Detective Tolliver explained that they executed search warrants on Johnson's phones. He

also indicated that following the receipt of the alibi notice filed by defense counsel on May 8,

2015, he arranged additional search warrants - for AT&T and Sprint for phone numbers

belonging to the Defendant and for the phone records ofNekeisha Gay-McGriff, the Defendant's

wife. (N.T. Volume I, 06/25/2015, pp. 69, 81-83). Detective Tolliver also sent search warrants

to Facebook for Instagram accounts. (N.T. Volume I, 06/25/2015, pp. 86-87).14

         Detective James Dunlap testified that he was called upon by Detective Tolliver to retrieve

certain video surveillance in this case and that he was able to obtain video surveillance from a

14
   The Instagram accounts were tagged on the bottom of the photograph of the screen shot provided by Ms. Jessie,
the decedent's sister. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/25/2015, pp. 86-87).

                                                        38
  store at the northeast corner of North Bailey and Allegheny Streets. (N.T. Volume l, 06/25/2015,

  pp. 163-66).15'

           Detective Dunlap also noted that a week or two after the incident, he was asked to take a

  look at the decedent's phone. (N.T. Volume l , 06/25/2015, p. l68).                   There were seven pictures

  on that phone which were brought to his attention. " ... I explained the time they were taken and

  the actual longitude and latitude of where they were taken." (N.T. Volume l, 06/25/2015, p.

  168).     He took the phone to a private company, Cornerstone Forensic, and they performed an

 extraction and provided Detective Dunlap with a copy of their extraction work. (N.T. Volume I,

 06/25/2015, p. 169).

          Detective Dunlap compared the photographs which he had against the photographs from

 the extraction, and found-that they were exactly the same; he was able to see when" the images

 were taken, down to a second. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/25/2015, p. 169).

          For the benefit of the jury, Detective Dunlap reviewed the photographs and their

 metadata. The photographs were taken on the 3200 Block of Bailey Street and its vicinity. The

data was consistent with. both the extraction done by the Regional Criminal Forensic

Laboratories of the FBI as well as by Cornerstone Forensics. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/25/2015, pp.

 174-76, 181).

          One of the photographs showed a piece of mail addressed to "Femi Johnson or current

resident, 3229 North Bailey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19129." (N.T. Volume I, 06/25/2015, p.

175).     There were also photographs of a silver Mercedes taken on April l, 2013, at 3 :45 am.

(N.T. Volume I, 06/25/2015, pp. 176-79).                   Detective DunJap stated that the car had a

Pennsylvania tag, which enabled him to perform the BMV check; the check established that the

,.s Detective Dunlap explained that they had ten working cameras, including two exterior cameras, and that he
succeeded in offloading those cameras. (N.T. Volume I, 06/25/2015, p. 166).

                                                         39
     Defendant was the owner of the vehicle. (N.T. Volume l, 06/25/2015, p. 178). The decedent

     took her last photograph on her cell phone on April 7, 2013, at 2:23 am, around the comer from

     Bailey Street. (N.T. Volume I, 06/25/2015, p. 180).

             Detective Dunlap also shared his presentation report which showed the Defendant's and

     Johnson's color-coded phone records reflecting who was calling whom, what time, and from

     what location. (N.T. Volume I, 06/25/2015, pp. 181-82).

             Johnson received a phone caU from the Defendant at 2:54 am on April 7 from the 3229

 Bailey Street to 5332 Poplar Street location. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/25/2015, p. 183). Detective

 Dunlap explained that, according to Google Maps, the distance between those two locations was

 6.4 miles. It took about 16 minutes to get to the Poplar Street location, meaning that the start of

 the travel time      was roughly af2:38 am. (N.T. Volume             l, 06/25/2015, p. 184).

            Detective Dunlap also mentioned that after taking a photograph of the envelope with

Johnson's name on it, the decedent made multiple phone calls to Johnson blocking her phone

number ahead of making those calls. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/25/2015, pp. 187-92).

            Nekeisha Gay-McGriff testified for the defense as an alibi witness. She stated that she

and the Defendant were married for nine years and that they had two minor children. (N.T.

Volume 1, 06/26/2015, p. 32).                 She explained that they lived in Columbia, South Carolina,

where they moved in order to raise their children and start a business.                             (N.T. Volume l,

06/26/2015, p. 33).16

           Gay-McGriff indicated that on April 5, 2013, she drove with her two daughters to

Philadelphia to visit her mother. She initially stated that the Defendant usually stayed at Bailey

Street when they were visiting and that he probably stayed there that time as well, and not at her

16
     Gay-McGriff conceded that they did not start any business there, (N.T. Volume I, 06fl.6fl.O 15, p. 33).

                                                            40
         mother's house; moments later, however, she stated that she believed that the Defendant, in fact,

         spent the night with her on April 5. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/26/2015, pp. 35-36).

                Gay-McGriff stated that on April 61h, they went to visit the Defendant's mother.                    The

         Defendant drove the family there in Gay-McGriff's truck. (N.T. Volume I, 06/26/2015, p. 37).

         Gay-McGriff noted that she spent the afternoon with her family but that the Defendant was out

     and she was not sure what he was doing. Gay-McGriff had a problem with the truck which she

     stated was leaking oil. The Defendant "got the car fixed before [they] got on the road." (N.T.

     Volume l, 06/26/2015, pp. 38-39).

               Gay-McGriff noted that the Defendant picked them up from his mother's house at about

     5 or 5:30 pm and dropped them off at her mother's house at about 6:30 or 7 pm. (N.T. Volume l,

· · · · 06/26/2015, p. 39). Gay-Mcflriff explained that they needed lo get some test and finish packing

     to be able to get on the road at about l :00 am. (N.T. Volume l, 06/26/2015, p. 40).'7

               Gay-McGriff indicated that the Defendant contacted her again by phone at about 12:30

    am; he asked her if she was ready to get on the road. He called her about ten minutes later to

    inform her that he had arrived. (N.T. Volume l , 06/26/2015, pp. 42-43).

               Gay-McGriff stated that although the Defendant was not drunk, she could smell alcohol

    on his breath. Having concluded that it would be unsafe for the Defendant to drive, she sat at the

    wheel and dropped the Defendant off on Bailey Street. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/26/2015, p. 47).18

    On the way there, he said that he was going to walk the dog and freshen up and go out with some

    friends. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/26/2015, p. 47).

    17
      She explained that she wanted to leave that night so that her older daughter could have some rest on Sunday
    before returning to school on Monday. (N.T. Volume I, 06/26/20 I 5, p. 40).
    "Gay-McGriffstated that she was unaware if anyone was staying at that address. (N.T. Volume I, 06/26/2015, p.
    47).

                                                          41
         Gay-McGriff   explained that she stopped at a gas station; she then went inside the mini

 mart and she called the Defendant (who, according to her, was sitting with their children in the

 car) to see if he wanted anything from the mini mart. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/26/2015, p. 48). She

 then returned to Bailey Street; she parked at 26'11 Street closer to Willard Street not on Bailey

 Street because "it's only one-side parking and there's never any parking."           (N.T. Volume 1,

 06/26/2015, p. 50). The Defendant came back to the car in about 15 to 20 minutes; she did not

 observe any difference in his demeanor; there were no scratch marks on him and no blood on his

 clothes. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/26/2015, pp. 50-51).

        She gave the Defendant a ride, which took about 15 minutes; she recalled that they

arrived in West Philadelphia but she did not know the name of the friend the Defendant was

visiting.· Gay... McGriff stated that she had' never met Charles Bonner and that she did not see him

that night; she just dropped off the Defendant then proceeded to get on the road to South

Carolina. (N.T. Volume l, 06/26/2015, pp. 51-52).

        Under cross-examination, Gay-McGriff noted that while she did not know the decedent

personally, she knew of her from the Defendant who informed Gay-McGriff when they were

separated that he and the decedent were in a relationship. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/26/2015, p. 55).

(Gay-McGriff and the Defendant were separated for about a year.)

       Gay-Mcflriff was already in South Carolina when the Defendnat informed her that the

decedent was killed. Gay-McGriff learned that the Defenant was a suspect in this murder when·

FBI agents came to the house. The Defendant did not tell her that he was a suspect but told her

that he was asked to come down and speak to the detectives. She stated that she did not give the

FBI agents his phone number but that she said that she would relay to him their message that

there was a warrant out for his arrest. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/26/2015, pp. 56, 58-59).

                                               42
              Gay-McGriff stated that she never contacted police to tell them that she was with the

  Defendant that night; she explained that she wanted to talk to her lawyer first. She confirmed

  that she had a degree in criminal justice and that she had worked in the criminal justice system

  for almost a decade. (N.T. Volume l , 06/26/2015, pp. 61, 65). Gay-McGriff confirmed that no

  one asked her to take a signed statement about her whereabouts for the day. (N.T. Volume I,

  06/26/2015, p. 66).

             Ronald Felder testified that he was a licensed private investigator and that he had been

 working on this case for about a month. One of the pieces of discovery he reviewed was a

 surveillance video from a store on the comer of Bailey and Allegheny Streets. Specifically, he

 looked at a segment provided in discovery from 12:00 am to 3:00 am from both of the camera

. 'angles.   Fot ·cfi04 A.3d 511, 517 (Pa. 2014). "[T]he right

against self-incrimination is not burdened when the reference to silence is circumspect and does

not create an inference of an admission of guilt." Id. (citation and internal quotations omitted).

There is no reversible error where an explicit reference to silence "occurs in a context not likely

to suggest to the jury that silence is the equivalent of a tacit admission of guilt." Id. ( citation

omitted).

        Prosecutors should "tread carefully when referencing a defendant's refusal to speak to

officers, limiting such reference to the description of the investigation or other relevant purpose."

Id. at 518 (holding that the reference to defendant's pre-arrest silence was contextual and "did

                                                   49
         not highlight Defendant's silence as evidence of guilt"; instead, it was utilized "to recount the

         sequence ofthe investigation, in particular, how the DNA sample was obtained from

         Defendant").

                The Fifth Amendment does not involve a "proscription precluding the raising of silence

         in fair response to defense argumentation." Commonwealth v. Ditiicola, 581 Pa. 550, 560, 866

         A.2d 329, 335 (2005) ("Since the trooper's investigation was obviously limited by [defendant's]

        decision to reject the request for an interview, we find that the Commonwealth's elicitation of the

        trooper's testimony regarding this fact constituted fair response.").         For purposes of fair

        response, on an appropriate objection, admissibility is subject to the trial court's evaluation of

          probative value versus prejudicial effect under Pa.R.E. 403. Id at 336.
                      . .                    .
  .
.... - ..   ·-               · -· -
                   . . _..,_ . . .. ~. - - .
                       . -           .. ,

               Detective Tolliver's Testimony Was Not Intended to Imply a Tacit Admission of
        Guilt By the Defendant.

               The Defendant claims        that this court abused its discretion by permitting the

        Commonwealth to present evidence of his non-reporting to the Homicide Unit for questioning.

        Upon careful review of the record, this court concludes that the Defendant's Fifth Amendment

        right against self-incrimination was not disturbed. No relief is due.

               Here, on April 7, 2013, the day the decedent was killed, Detective Tolliver spoke with the

       Defendant on the phone and explained to him that he was investigating the homicide and that he
                                                     /
       would like to talk to the Defendant as part of gathering information.        The Defendant, not a

       suspect at the time, promised that he would come to Homicide to speak to the detectives further.

       Almost immediately thereafter, the Defendant reached out to his counsel, Anthony Petrone, who

       advised him against speaking to anyone. (N.T. Volume 1, 06/4/2015, p. 10).

                                                         so
          The Defendant, therefore, insists that he simply followed his counsel's      advice, and that

  his Fifth Amendment rights were violated when his non-reporting to Homicide was brought to

  light through Detective Tolliver's trial testimony.

          This court finds that in the case at bar, Detective       Tolliver's   testimony   offered a

 reasonable explanation as to why a search warrant was not served on the Defendant in an attempt

 to locate the gun from which the fatal shots were fired. As the Commonwealth correctly noted,

 had a search warrant been served on the Defendant, the latter would have interpreted this

 circumstance   as him being a suspect, which would have scared him away from talking to the

 detectives.

                [Detective Tolliver's] testimony came in, clearly, to rebut any
                allegations of . . . lazy detective work . and the credibility of
                Detective Tolliver, when· he took the witness stand, as the defense
                attacked Detective Tolliver's credibility. Part of the attack on his
                credibility was the lack of serving a search warrant and the lack of
                his diligence. So it came in for that purpose and not to pierce [the
                Defendant's] Fifth Amendment right.

 (N.T. Volume, 06/26/2015, pp. 9-10).

         Furthermore, it was well known that the Defendant had a lot of properties, and it

wouldn't have been obvious which property to search in the first place. The detectives were also

aware that it was easy to dispose of the gun "right away." (N.T. Vollume 1, 06/24/2015, pp. 7-

8).

        Upon review of the record, this court is satisfied that the evidence that the Defendant did

not follow through on his promise to come to Homicide to speak to the detectives did not imply

any tacit admission of ·guilt by the Defendant as it was introduced with a sole purpose of

demonstrating the nature and focus of the investigation.   Through his trial testimony, Detective

Tolliver, whose credibility was a "linchpin" in this case (N.T. Volume I, 06/24/2015, p. 11),

                                                 51
 offered a fair' response     to counter any defense        allegations   of his supposed     Jack of

 conscientiousness as an investigator.      The reference to the Defendant's non-showing up at

 Homicide was circumspect and contextual; in no way did it create an inference of the

 Defendant's consciousness of guilt. This court, therefore, concludes that the Defendant's right

 against self-incrimination was not disturbed. No relief is due.

        This Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion by Deciding to Give a Wide Latitude for
 Cross-Examination if Attorney Anthony Petrone Were Called to Testify.

        This court is firmly of the belief that it correctly gave wide latitude for cross-examination

if Attorney Petrone were called to testify. No relief is due.

        Under the law, "cross-examination of a-witness ... should be limited to the subject matter.

of the direct examination and matters affecting credibility, however, the court may, in the

exercise of discretion, permit inquiry into additional matters as if on direct examination."

Pa.R.E. 611.

       Our Supreme Court has set forth the following guiding principles pertaining to a

challenge to the extent of cross-examination:

        (W]e note that in cross-examining a witness, an attorney is entitled to
       question the witness about subjects raised during direct examination as
       well as any facts tending to refute inferences arising from matters raised
       during direct testimony .... Similarly, an attorney may discredit a witness
       by cross-examining · the witness about omissions or acts that are
       inconsistent with his testimony .... However, the scope and limits of cross-
       examination is [sic] vested in the trial court's discretion and that discretion
       will not be reversed unless the trial court has clearly abused its discretion
       or made an error of law.

Commonwealth v. Begley, 566 Pa. 239, 276-77, 780 A.2d 605, 627 (2001) (internal citations
omitted).                                             ·

                                                52
         In the case sub Judice, defense counsel wanted Attorney Petrone to testify that he told the

 Defendant that he was not to speak with anyone, "because he doesn't know anything about the

 case, doesn't have the discovery." (N.T. Volume 1, 06/26/2015, p. 4).

        The. Commonwealth noted that Attorney Petrone's testimony would be irrelevant because

 the reason this court admitted the Defendant's telephone conversation with Detective Tolliver

 was to explain why the latter did not execute a search warrant on the Defendant's home. As the

prosecutor argued:

         "[T]his is basically the [DJefendant trying to testify without taking the
         witness stand, and it's not proper. It's not relevant. It doesn't rebut the
         fact that that is a reason why Detective Tolliver did not execute a search
         warrant on the Defendant's home. Furthermore, I should be able to cross-
         examine Mr. Petrone on why the [D]efendant reached out to him, the
     ... contentsof the 'conversation, and ... on his credibility."        . ·-· ...

(N.T. Volume1, 06/26/2015, p. 5).

       This court agrees with the Commonwealth that where the defense was putting in play the

Defendant's right of silence, the Commonwealth had to be permitted to cross-examine the

attorney and argue on that issue. (N.T. Volume l, 06/26/2015, p. IO). As the Commonwealth

explained, it would have been hard to sanitize the reason the Defendant had called Attorney

Petrone, whom he had known in connection with prior homicides with which he had been

charged. "[Tjhe reason why (the Defendant] had (Attorney Petrone's] phone number and the

relationship that he had with Mr. Petrone was because of prior murders." (N.T. Volume l ,

06/26/2015, p. 7).

       Furthermore, defense counsel himself agreed with this court that the mere fact that

Attorney Petrone told the Defendant not to go to the police did not mean that that was, in fact,

the reason the Defendant did not go to the police: MR. DESIPIO: "Well, that's fair." THE

                                               53
       COURT: "All of that. .... I think we're on the same page right now."                           (N.T. Volume l ,

  . Q6/26/2015, p. 13).

             Having weighed how Attorney Petrone's testimony would impact the Defendant's case,

   defense counsel made a strategic decision not to call Petrone on the stand:

             MR. DESfPIO: And if Petrone does not testify, you're not going to argue
             in any form or imply or draw reasonable inference that his not going to the
             police when he told Tolliver he would is consciousnless of guilt or a lie or
             anything else, because that's not why you introduced it?

             MR. NOTARISTEFANO: That's correct.

            THE COURT: Okay. Then we're on the same page?

            MR. DESIPIO: I think we are.

··· (N.T. Volume I·, 06/26/201.S, ..pp. 16-17}.

            Moreover, this court finds that Attorney Petrone's counseling the Defendant neither

  rebuts    the fact that the Defendant      lied to the decedent's family19 nor rebuts the reason Detective

  Tolliver did not serve a search warrant.

  19
    This court agrees with the Commonwealth that the Defendant displayed consciousness of guilt by misleading the
  family over the course of three weeks that he would go to the police:

            The defense will say that, well, he cared for her, so he wants to know, like everybody else
            that cares for her wants to know, do they have a suspect? Are they going to close the
            case? Are they going to solve who killed my loved one? But taken in context of, "Did
            you go to the police yet, did you go to the police yet," and he's saying to them for three
            weeks, "I will go to police," and then never does, kind of takes out of the context of, "l
            want to know if the police are solving this crime, who they have, my beloved has been
            brutally murdered and l'm grieving," to all of everything that I just said that can be
            interpreted one way or the other, put in context, shows no, I'm hiding, l have a guilty
            conscience.

  (N.T. Volume 1, [motionsJ06/17/2015,p.      16).

           Putting in this piece where he is clearly lying to them shows that those conversations
           should not be interpreted for innocence but should be interpreted for consciousness of
           guilt. It's the conversations about everything else, not so much him not going to police
           and hiding from police, but him saying that he will and then not doing it.

  (N.T. Volume I, 06/17/2015,    p. 22).

                                                           54
        This court, therefore, did not abuse its discretion when it made it clear that while it would

permit Attorney Petrone to testify, the court would exercise its discretion and give a wide latitude

for cross-examination.·   The Defendant's meritless claim must fail.

THIS COURT DID NOT ERR IN REFUSING TO PERMIT THE DEFENSE TO CALL
WITNESSES WHO WOULD TESTIFY THAT THE SLAYING OF THE DECEDENT
MAY HAVE BEEN A RESPONSE TO HER PARTICIPATION IN A SCHEME TO
COMMIT ARMED ROBBERIES ON BAILEY STREET; THIS COURT ALSO
PROPERLY EXCLUDED EVIDENCE THAT A BB GUN WAS FOUND IN THE
DECEDENT'S VEHICLE.

       The Defendant further argues that this court abused its discretion when it refused to admit

evidence of a BB gun found in the decedent's vehicle. The Defendant also claims that this court

erred when it denied permission to the defense to call Jamar Nesmith and Rasheeda Rogers who

allegedly would have testified that the victim's shooting may have been a "response to her

participation in a scheme with Nesmith and Rogers to commit armed robberies of drug dealers

on Bailey Street. The Defendant insists that he was thereby deprived of an opportunity to rebut

the Commonwealth's argument that the victim was slain by the Defendant. The Defendant's

claim is without merit and must fail.

       The BB Gun Found in the Decedent's Car Was Correctly Excluded.

       This court correctly granted the Commonwealth's motion in limine to suppress evidence

relating to a BB gun recovered in the decedent's vehicle.

       Under Pennsylvania law, non-relevant evidence is not admissible. Pa.R.E. 402.

       "(W]hile the general rule of the admissibility of relevant evidence is
       subject to various exceptions, the rule that irrelevant evidence is not
       admissible is categorical. Accordingly, the threshold inquiry with
       admission of evidence is whether the evidence is relevant."

Commonwealth v. Cook, 597 Pa. 572, 602, 952 A.2d 594, 612 (2008) (citation and
internal quotations omitted) (emphasis added).

                                                55
          The Defendant averred that the BB gun was admissible because anything recovered from -

 the decedent's car "was of value."           (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, p. 178). The Commonwealth

 noted that the presence of the gun in the decedent's vehicle was not relevant in this case.

         This court is satisfied that the evidentiary value of the gun's presence in the decedent's

car was "less than insignificant." 20          (N.T. Volume 1, 06/23/2015, p. 179). This court, therefore,

did not err in granting the Commonwealth's motion in Iimine with regard to the BB gun found in

the decedent's car.

      This Court Correctly Refused to Permit the Defense to Call Jamar Nesmith and
Rasheeda Rogers.

         _Th_is c?urt did not err wh~n !t refused to permit the defense to call Jamar Nesmith and

Rasheeda Rogers to rebut the Commonwealth's argument that the victim was slain by the

Defendant.

         Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence state in pertinent part:

         (b) Crimes, Wrongs or Other Acts.
         (1) Prohibited Uses. Evidence of a crime, wrong, or other act is not
         admissible to prove a person's character in order to show that on a
         particular occasion the person acted in accordance with the character.

Pa.R.E. 404 (b)( l ).

         Other crimes evidence is "admissible if offered for a non-propensity purpose, such as

proof of an actor's knowledge, plan, motive, identity, or absence of mistake or accident."

Commonwealth v. Tyson, 20l5 PA Super 138, l l9 A.3d 353, 358 appeal denied, 128 A.3d 220

(Pa. 2015).

20 This court indicated, it would have permitted this evidence ifthere were a self-defense component to it but that
that there was no self-defense involved in the present case. (N.T. Volume, 06/23/2015, p. 178).

                                                          56
             Here, it was proffered that Jamar Nesmith (who resided at 3225 Bailey Street)21 would

     testify that he, Rasheeda Rogers, and the decedent "would actually rob drug dealers and johns;

     that they would use a gun or something that looked like a gun to do so .... " (N.T. Volume I,

     06/23/2015, p. 180). It was also proffered that Nesmith would testify that as aresult of this

     activity, there was a contract hit on the victim.

             Defense counsel was planning to argue that "if you are going to rob drug dealers and

 johns at 3225 Bailey Street right where [the decedent] was found, and that's where her body was

     found, that she was at 3225 for a different purpose other than to meet with [the Defendant]."

 (N.T. Volume I, 06/17/2015, p. 41). The defense was thereby proffering this evidence to show

 that there was another reason the victim was on the block of Bailey Street and to explain why

· someone elsewouldwant to kill the decedent. (N.T. Volume I, 06/l 7, 2Qi5, pp. 30-31).

            The Commonwealth pointed to the circumstance that there was no extrinsic evidence to

 corroborate the allegation of the decedent's involvement in prior robberies, that the evidence

 lacked foundation, and that as such, it was simply bad character evidence which was not proper

 under 404(b). (N.T. Volume 1, 06/17, 2015, p. 32).

            Upon review of the record, this court concludes that the evidence indeed lacked proper

foundation and was speculative. This court is also satisfied that the evidence, if admitted, would

undeniably go to character assassination of the deceased. This court, therefore did not err in

refusing to permit the defense to call witnesses Nesmith and Rogers.

21
     The Defendant's Bailey Street address was at 3229 Bailey Street.

                                                          57
CONCLUSION

       In summary, this court has -carefully reviewed the entire record and finds no harmful,

prejudicial, or reversible error and nothing to justify the granting of Defendant's request for

relie~ For the reasons set forth above, the judgment of the trial court should be affirmed.

                                             BY THE COURT:

                                            STEVEN     R. GEROFF, J.

                                             58