Court Opinion

ID: 864640
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-04-27 00:20:35.0642+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:38:02.039075
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

                          NO. 2002-AN-01492-SCT

IN THE MATTER OF THE CONTRACTION,
EXCLUSION AND DEANNEXATION OF CERTAIN
AREAS FROM THE CORPORATE BOUNDARIES
OF THE CITY OF GRENADA, MISSISSIPPI: CITY
OF GRENADA

v.

FRANK MARASCALCO, MIKE HYNEMAN, BILL
WILLIAMS AND JOSEPH LEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                8/6/2002
TRIAL JUDGE:                     HON. PERCY L. LYNCHARD, JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:       GRENADA COUNTY CHANCERY COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:         ELLIS TURNAGE
                                 MARY A. BROWN
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES:          DAVID D. O'DONNELL
NATURE OF THE CASE:              CIVIL - MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES &
                                 ANNEXATION
DISPOSITION:                     AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND
                                 RENDERED IN PART - 07/01/2004
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

                          CONSOLIDATED WITH
                          NO. 2002-CA-01949-SCT

IN THE MATTER OF THE CONTRACTION,
EXCLUSION AND DEANNEXATION OF CERTAIN
AREAS FROM THE CORPORATE BOUNDARIES
OF THE CITY OF GRENADA, MISSISSIPPI

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                11/20/2002
TRIAL JUDGE:                     HON. PERCY L. LYNCHARD, JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:       GRENADA COUNTY CHANCERY COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                          MARY A. BROWN
                                                  ELLIS TURNAGE
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES:                           DAVID D. O'DONNELL
NATURE OF THE CASE:                               CIVIL - MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES &
                                                  ANNEXATION
DISPOSITION:                                      AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND
                                                  RENDERED IN PART - 07/01/2004
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

        EN BANC.

        COBB, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

¶1.     This case of first impression consists of two consolidated appeals arising from a deannexation

controversy in Grenada County Chancery Court. In the first appeal, the chancery court denied the City

of Grenada's request to deannex certain areas from the City. The chancery court further ordered the City

to proceed with litigation under the Voting Rights Act in a specified manner. The City appeals this decision,

submitting the following issues:

        I.      WHETHER THE CHANCELLOR APPLIED AN INCORRECT
                LEGAL STANDARD TO DENY THE DEANNEXATION
                ORDINANCE ENACTED TO REMEDY THE UNITED STATES
                ATTORNEY GENERAL'S SECTION 5 OBJECTIONS?

        II.     WHETHER THE CHANCELLOR'S FINAL DECREE DIRECTING
                GRENADA TO FILE A SUPPLEMENTAL SECTION 5
                SUBMISSION DENIES DUE PROCESS OF LAW?

¶2.     Four Grenada city councilmen subsequently refused to proceed with litigation under the Voting

Rights Act as ordered by the chancellor. The chancellor held the councilmen in contempt for their refusal.

The City also appeals this decision, submitting the following issues:

        III.    WHETHER THE CHANCERY COURT ERRED WHEN IT HELD
                GRENADA IN CONTEMPT FOR NOT SUPPLEMENTING ITS
                PRE-CLEARANCE REQUEST?

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¶3.     After due consideration we affirm the chancellor's decision on the City's request for deannexation,

and affirm the judgment of contempt. We further find that the chancellor erred in ordering the City to

proceed with litigation under the Voting Rights Act, and reverse and render this portion of the chancery

court judgment.

                                                 FACTS

¶4.     Our review of these consolidated appeals begins with the annexation of certain areas by the City

of Grenada in 1993, which was subsequently approved by the chancery court in 1995 and affirmed without

opinion by this Court. See In the Matter of the Extension of the Boundaries of the City of

Grenada, Mississippi, 669 So. 2d 85 (Miss. 1996). It is difficult to find an official determination in the

record before us of how many voters of what race were added by this annexation. A study based on the

1990 census, and submitted to the Grenada City Council before its vote on annexation showed a 1990

population for Grenada of 10,864, 5,462 (50.3%) white and 5,402 (49.7%) non-white. It was reported

that annexation would add 4,021 persons to the City, 2,447 white and 1,574 non-white. This would result

in a total population for Grenada of 14,885, 7,909 ( 53.1%) white, and 6,976 (46.9%) non-white. A

subsequent recalculation subtracted 24 white persons from the 2,447 figure.

¶5.     Because the annexation impacted Grenada's voter rolls and resulted in redistricting of the seven city

wards, it was necessary to seek federal preclearance of the changes as required under Section 5 of the

Voting Rights Act of 1965, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 1973c. The City submitted the annexation to the

United States Attorney General (USAG) in April 1998, with three of the City's seven wards containing a

majority black population. In August 1998 the USAG objected to the annexation, finding that it had both

a discriminatory purpose and effect.

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¶6.       On January 3, 2000, the City of Grenada resubmitted the 1993 annexation ordinance with a revised

redistricting ward plan. This time, of the seven city wards, four had majority black populations. By letter

dated March 3, 2000, the USAG appeared to recognize that the annexation no longer had a retrogressive

effect:

          While the proposed redistricting plan appears to fairly reflect black voting strength in the
          post-annexation city by providing four council districts in which minority voters would have
          a fair opportunity to elect candidates of their choice, this would only remedy the
          annexation's retrogressive effect, not its discriminatory purpose.

¶7.       The USAG further stated:

          Because the basis for our 1998 objection to the city's annexation was that the city intended
          the result that would have been achieved through the annexation, i.e., a reduction in
          minority voting strength, our objection clearly satisfies the standard articulated in [Reno
          v.] Bossier [Parish School Board, 120 S. Ct. 866 (2000)]. Thus, although the
          Supreme Court has clarified the scope of the Section 5 purpose analysis, in the case of
          Grenada's annexation, this clarification provides no basis for withdrawing our objection.

          Nor have you provided any new factual information that would allow us to conclude that
          the annexation was not adopted for the prohibited purpose of reducing minority voting
          strength within the city and defining the city's boundaries so as to exclude certain areas
          containing minority persons wishing to become voters in Grenada. Not only has the city
          failed to take any steps to address the concerns we raised in our objection letter regarding
          the process and sequence of events leading to the adoption of the objected-to annexation
          or to provide any new facts that would indicate that the objected to annexation was
          adopted for "objectively verifiable, legitimate reasons," see City of Richmond v. United
          States, 422 U.S. 358, 375 (1975), it has done nothing to address its racially exclusionary
          annexation procedures.

Thus, USAG declined to withdraw the objection to the annexation.

¶8.       In response, the City Council on February 12, 2001, adopted a new ordinance which provided

for deannexation of five separate and non-contiguous parcels of land from the corporate limits of Grenada.

These parcels were all part of the area which was annexed in 1993. Under the 2000 census data, a total

of 1285 persons would be removed from the Grenada city limits as part of the deannexation, 1160 white

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and 125 African-American. The Complaint for ratification, approval and confirmation of the deannexation

was filed by the City of Grenada on November 15, 2001. A Response and Objection to the Complaint

was filed in February 2002 by Frank Marascalco, Mike Hyneman, Bill Williams and Joseph Lee. The

objectors alleged that the complaint was not supported by adequate evidence and constituted "a patent

racial gerrymander." The objectors also alleged that there were other avenues of responding to the

USAG's objection to the annexation.

¶9.     A hearing was held before the chancery court on the deannexation on June 4-6, 2002. On July

24, 2002, Chancellor Percy L. Lynchard, Jr., entered his opinion finding that the proposed deannexation

was unreasonable and directed that the city council immediately supplement the preclearance submission

to fully and properly address the objections imposed by the USAG to the original annexation. Moreover,

the chancery court ordered Grenada to disclose to the USAG a study that showed that certain areas were

excluded from the 1993 annexation because of cost and not because of race. Judge Lynchard entered his

Judgment and Decree Denying the Contraction, Exclusion and De-Annexation of Certain Areas from the

Corporate Boundaries of the City of Grenada, Mississippi on August 7, 2002. The City of Grenada filed

its notice of appeal on August 30, 2002. This is appeal no. 2002-AN-01492.

¶10.    The City did not move for stay pending appeal and did not comply with the portion of the chancery

court's order which required it to supplement its Section 5 preclearance submission. The objectors Frank

Marascalco et al. filed a motion for contempt on September 26, 2002. After hearings held on November

18, 2002, the chancery court found the City of Grenada and Councilmen Lewis Johnson, Calvin Neely,

J.B. Flowers, and Earnest Hargrove in contempt, fining themeach $100 per day beginning on November

18 and continuing until they were no longer in contempt. A show cause hearing was set for November 21,

2002. The objectors were awarded their attorney's fees. The City of Grenada filed its notice of appeal

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on November 21, 2002. On November 21, the chancery court entered a second order, once again finding

the four councilmen in contempt and remanding them to the custody of the Grenada County Sheriff's

Department until the contempt had been purged. The order further found that enforcement of the contempt

decree would be stayed if this Court entered a stay as to the August 7, 2002 judgment. By order dated

November 22, 2002, this Court entered a stay. This is appeal no. 2002-CA-01949. The appeals were

consolidated on July 17, 2003, by order of this Court.

                                            DISCUSSION

       I.      Deannexation.

¶11.   This Court has provided the following standard of review:

       This Court's standard of review for annexation is very limited. The Court can only reverse
       the chancery court's findings as to the reasonableness of an annexation if the chancellor's
       decision is manifestly wrong and is not supported by substantial and credible evidence. In
       re Enlargement and Extension of Mun. Boundaries of City of Madison v. City
       of Madison, 650 So. 2d 490, 494 (Miss.1995). We also stated "[w]here there is
       conflicting, credible evidence, we defer to the findings below." Bassett v. Town of
       Taylorsville, 542 So. 2d 918, 921 (Miss.1989). "Findings of fact made in the context
       of conflicting, credible evidence may not be disturbed unless this Court can say that from
       all the evidence that such findings are manifestly wrong, given the weight of the evidence."
       Id. at 921. "We only reverse where the Chancery Court has employed erroneous legal
       standards or where we are left with a firm and definite conviction that a mistake has been
       made." Id.

In Re Extension of Boundaries of City of Hattiesburg, 840 So. 2d 69 (Miss. 2003). This standard

also applies to deannexation cases. See In Re Exclusion of Certain Territory from the City of

Jackson, 698 So. 2d 490, 492-93 (Miss. 1997).

¶12.   Miss. Code Ann. § 21-1-27 states:

       The limits and boundaries of existing cities, towns and villages shall remain as now
       established until altered in the manner hereinafter provided. When any municipality shall
       desire to enlarge or contract the boundaries thereof by adding thereto adjacent
       unincorporated territory or excluding therefrom any part of the incorporated territory of

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       such municipality, the governing authorities of such municipality shall pass an ordinance
       defining with certainty the territory proposed to be included in or excluded from the
       corporate limits, and also defining the entire boundary as changed. In the event the
       municipality desires to enlarge such boundaries, such ordinance shall in general terms
       describe the proposed improvements to be made in the annexed territory, the manner and
       extent of such improvements, and the approximate time within which such improvements
       are to be made; such ordinance shall also contain a statement of the municipal or public
       services which such municipality proposes to render in such annexed territory. In the event
       the municipality shall desire to contract its boundaries, such ordinance shall contain a
       statement of the reasons for such contraction and a statement showing whereby the public
       convenience and necessity would be served thereby.

¶13.   In the case of In Re Exclusion of Certain Territory from Jackson, 698 So. 2d 490, 492

(Miss. 1997), this Court affirmed that the same standards would be applied in deannexation cases as in

annexation cases:

       In 1950, the Mississippi Legislature enacted Miss. Code Ann. §§§§ 21-1-45 and 21-1-47
       (1990) to provide the statutory method for the annexation or deannexation of territory from
       a municipality. Neither statute has been amended since enactment. Miss.Code Ann. §§ 21-
       1-47 clearly states that:

               ... all of the proceedings of this chapter with regard to proceedings in the
               chancery court upon petitions for the creation, enlargement, and
               contraction of municipalities shall apply in like manner thereto....

       Id. Therefore, this Court is required to apply the standards set forth for the annexation of
       territory to a municipality the same to a deannexation case as it would to an annexation
       case.

       This Court has addressed deannexation of territory from a municipality on only three
       occasions. See Marshall v. Mayor and Board of Selectmen of McComb City,
       251 Miss. 750, 171 So. 2d 347, cert. denied, 382 U.S. 836, 86 S. Ct. 83, 15 L. Ed. 2d
79 (1965); Wheat v. Poplarville, 149 Miss. 424, 115 So. 559 (1928); Thomas v.
       Long Beach, 111 Miss. 329, 71 So. 570 (1916). Marshall addressed a city's attempt
       to deannex territory which had been annexed by a previous administration. Wheat and
       Thomas both addressed a situation similar to the action sub judice. In Wheat and
       Thomas, residents from an annexed territory petitioned to be deannexed from the
       respective municipalities. In both cases this Court allowed the deannexation. In all three
       cases, this Court applied what appears to be a forerunner of today's modern twelve part
       indicia of reasonableness.

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¶14.    These twelve indicia were recently examined by this Court:

        (1) the municipality's need for expansion, (2) whether the area sought to be annexed is
        reasonably within a path of growth of the city, (3) the potential health hazards from sewage
        and waste disposal in the annexed areas, (4) the municipality's financial ability to make the
        improvements and furnish municipal services promised, (5) the need for zoning and overall
        planning in the area, (6) the need for municipal services in the area sought to be annexed,
        (7) whether there are natural barriers between the city and the proposed annexation area,
        (8) the past performance and time element involved in the city's provision of services to its
        present residents, (9) the impact (economic or otherwise) of the annexation upon those
        who live in or own property in the area proposed for annexation, (10) the impact of the
        annexation upon the voting strength of protected minority groups, (11) whether the
        property owners and other inhabitants of the areas sought to be annexed have in the past,
        and in the foreseeable future unless annexed will, because of their reasonable proximity to
        the corporate limits of the municipality, enjoy the (economic and social) benefits of
        proximity to the municipality without paying their fair share of taxes, and (12) any other
        factors that may suggest reasonableness, vel non.

In Re Extension of Boundaries of City of Hattiesburg, 840 So. 2d 69, 82 (Miss. 2003).

¶15.    In this case the City of Grenada presented evidence on one issue, the inability to obtain

preclearance from the USAG as to the 1993 annexation. The City argued that its most reasonable method

of dealing with the USAG's continuing objection to the 1993 annexation because of its discriminatory

purpose was to remove approximately 1100 white persons from the city limits of Grenada.

¶16.    The objectors produced evidence on all twelve of the indicia of reasonableness. Their evidence

on the first eleven was unopposed. On the twelfth, the objectors argued that the census data from 1997

relied on by the USAG was flawed and the City should have made the USAG aware of this. The objectors

argued that the City had included every area of black population in the 1993 annexation that could

reasonably served and not place a financial burden on the existing residents of the city, and this should have

been emphasized to the USAG. The objectors argued that black population growth was occurring in the

proposed deannexation area. The objectors argued that the conclusions of the USAG were incorrect, or

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based on flawed data, and that the City should have responded to these objections and not with the drastic

remedy of deannexation.

¶17.    As to the first eleven indicia, the chancellor found that the proposed deannexation area was clearly

in the path of growth of the City of Grenada. In addition to this growth, the chancellor found that Grenada

had made significant investments in the infrastructure of the proposed area. The chancellor found that

deannexation would reduce the tax revenues collected by the City without a reduction in costs associated

with the provision of municipal services in the proposed area. The chancellor found that the lack of any

zoning ordinances, building codes and sewer ordinances would be detrimental to future and existing

development in the area. The chancellor found that the City had provided extensive police and fire

protection, emergency services and garbage pickup for the area. The chancellor found that a five-year

facilities plan, involving road construction, sewerage, street lighting and water lines, had almost been

completed in the proposed area. Because of these sewer systems, there was little evidence to indicate

potential health hazards in the propose area. The chancellor found that there were no natural or manmade

barriers between the City and the proposed area. The chancellor found that commercial and residential

development would be "greatly inhibited" by the deannexation. The chancellor found that persons in the

deannexed area would enjoy some benefits of city services without paying their fair share of taxes.

¶18.    The final indicium is the only one for which the City presented evidence. We include the entirety

of the chancellor's finding on this indicium:

        It is in the basket of this indicia that the City of Grenada has placed all of its eggs. It
        cannot be reasonably argued that the plan of deannexation would dilute or inhibit the voting
        strengths of protected minority groups. However, this is but one indicia which the Court
        must consider.

        The Court notes with respect to this issue, that after having submitted the 1996 annexation
        to the Department of Justice for pre-clearance under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act,

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        by letter dated August 17, 1998, the Department of Justice declined to grant pre-clearance
        based on the finding that the annexation and its subsequent redistricting plan had a
        retrogressive purpose and effect. Some 18 months later, the City resubmitted the
        annexation ordinance along with a revised seven ward redistricting plan to the Department
        of Justice for reconsideration under Section 5. The reason for this lengthy delay in
        responding to the Justice Department's concerns was not clear. However, on March 3,
        2000, the Department of Justice again declined to grant Section 5 pre-clearance.
        Following this denial, the City abandoned their attempts to gain pre-clearance by way of
        response, and took the position that the only way that the Department of Justice would
        ever pre-clear their ward plan following the annexation was through deannexation of
        certain enumeration districts comprised almost wholly of white residents. This, the City
        argues, would satisfy the Department of Justice by cleansing the retrogressive effect and
        purpose of the previous annexation. On this fact alone, the Municipality of Grenada argues
        that the proposed deannexation application is reasonable and in the best interest of all its
        citizens and further is the only way in which pre-clearance may be had. With this the Court
        cannot agree.

        From its March 3, 2000, letter, the office of the United States Attorney General indicates
        that the proposed redistricting of wards to enhance black voting strength in the post-
        annexation city remedies the annexation's retrogressive effect, but not its discriminatory
        purpose. Thus, the need to address the discriminatory purpose of the annexation is all that
        is now being required by the Department of Justice. There has been no evidence
        whatsoever presented that the city has addressed this discriminatory purpose to which
        Justice objects. In order to address this discriminatory purpose, evidence needs to be
        presented to the Department of Justice that although certain black population
        concentrations may be found outside the City of Grenada as annexed, their inclusion at this
        time would be cost prohibitive. Such was the testimony at this trial, but there is no
        evidence that same was submitted to the Department of Justice for pre-clearance. The
        lack of evidence with respect to the city's good faith effort to achieve pre-clearance
        strongly suggests that such an effort never materialized, the city more quickly seeking to
        racially cleanse the city by the elimination of white residents in an effort to impress the
        Attorney General and thereby gain pre-clearance. Such is reasonable only in a narrow
        view and mind.

¶19.    The City of Grenada cites numerous voting rights cases, such as Perkins v. Matthews, 400 U.S.
379, 91 S. Ct. 431, 27 L. Ed. 2d 476 (1971), where the Supreme Court held that changing boundary lines

by annexation which enlarge a city's number of eligible voters amounted to a change which required

preclearance under the Voting Rights Act. We have no argument with the numerous other cases cited by

the City, or the points of law they support, only that none mandate the result the City requests in this appeal.

                                                      10
See Miller v. Johnson, 515 U.S. 900, 115 S. Ct. 2475, 132 L. Ed. 762 (1995) (Georgia's

congressional redistricting plan based on race to satisfy preclearance demands of Justice Department

amounted to equal protection violation).

¶20.    The City then argues that, because this deannexation case is intertwined with a controversy arising

under the Voting Rights Act, this factor trumps all others, renders our twelve factor

annexation/deannexation analysis irrelevant, and is the only proof that need be submitted to win approval

in such a case. The City also argues that the chancery court "overlooked the remedial nature of Grenada's

deannexation ordinance, failed to apply the presumption of constitutionality accorded a legislative

enactment, failed to grant the judicial deference ordinarily afforded to the legislative policies and choices

embodied in the deannexation ordinance and failed to defer to the USAG's [United States Attorney

General's] § 5 findings."

¶21.    We disagree. What the chancery court failed to do was consider the voting rights aspect of this

case as some kind of super factor which was outcome determinative regardless of the remainder of the

evidence. Nothing the City cites requires that this Court amend or eliminate its traditional annexation

analysis in such a case. The voting rights aspect of this case was considered, as one factor, in this analysis.

The City of Grenada, or any other municipality, may attempt to use deannexation, or any number of other

remedies, in an effort to obtain preclearance in the voting rights context. We are not able to foresee, any

better than any other person or entity involved in this case, what will convince the Justice Department to

rescind its objection to the 1993 annexation. We may only apply established state law on the matter of

deannexation absent some factual or legal proposition, or combination thereof, which would mandate

otherwise. The mere presence of a voting rights controversy, as the sole impetus for a deannexation

request, is not such a factor. The chancellor's finding on deannexation is affirmed.

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¶22.    In addition to its denial of the City of Grenada's request to deannex, the chancery court also

ordered the City to

        immediately, without reasonable delay, supplement its Section 5 pre-clearance submission
        to the U.S. Department of Justice thereby finally addressing the matters raised by the
        Attorney General in reference to the retrogressive purpose objection interposed by that
        office and submit same to the United States Attorney General for pre-clearance under
        Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Further, said submission shall likewise be filed
        with this Court in this cause through the office of the Grenada County Chancery Clerk for
        review by this Court to ascertain compliance with these directives. Said submission both
        to this Court as well as to the office of the Attorney General of the United States shall be
        filed no later than 45 days from the date of the entry of the decree herein unless same be
        extended for good cause shown. Failure to comply with the time guidelines and directives
        herein may subject the offending party to the contempt powers of this Court upon proper
        application for same.

¶23.    The City argues that the Objectors did not ask for this relief in their complaint or pleadings; and

therefore, the chancery court cannot award it. The City cites Diamond v. Diamond, 403 So. 2d 129

(Miss. 1981); Miller v. Miller, 512 So. 2d 1286 (Miss. 1987); and Crowe v. Crowe, 641 So. 2d 1100

(Miss. 1994), all cases involving whether an award of child support or alimony was proper when not

requested by a party in pleadings. The Objectors cite Redmond v. Cooper, 151 Miss. 771, 119 So. 592

(1928), where this Court affirmed a finding by a chancellor that an instrument established certain property

boundaries, when the only relief requested was that the instrument in question be cancelled. Where the

evidence supported the chancellor's finding, it was affirmed.

¶24.    This case may be distinguished in that the relief granted here by the chancellor would be improper

regardless of the notice provided or clarity of the request by a party. Whether and how to initiate or to

continue litigation is a matter of discretion for any governmental body. We have been provided with no

statute, constitutional provision or case law whereby a trial judge may order a municipal body (1) to litigate

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a certain matter (2) in any specified manner. See Hobson v. City of Vicksburg, 848 So. 2d 199 (Miss.

Ct. App. 2003). This portion of the chancery court's decision is reversed and rendered.

        II.     Contempt.

¶25.    "Generally speaking, contempt matters are committed to the substantial discretion of the trial court

which, by institutional circumstance and both temporal and visual proximity, is infinitely more competent

to decide the matter than an appellate court. . . . If the contempt is civil, the proper standard utilized for

review is the manifest error rule." Dennis v. Dennis, 824 So. 2d 604, 608 (Miss. 2002).

¶26.    The City argues that the court's judgment on deannexation was automatically stayed by Miss. Code

Ann. § 21-1-33 (2001) when it filed its notice of appeal on August 30, 2002. Section 21-1-33 states:

        If the chancellor finds from the evidence presented at such hearing that the proposed
        enlargement or contraction is reasonable and is required by the public convenience and
        necessity and, in the event of an enlargement of a municipality, that reasonable public and
        municipal services will be rendered in the annexed territory within a reasonable time, the
        chancellor shall enter a decree approving, ratifying and confirming the proposed
        enlargement or contraction, and describing the boundaries of the municipality as altered.
        In so doing the chancellor shall have the right and the power to modify the proposed
        enlargement or contraction by decreasing the territory to be included in or excluded from
        such municipality, as the case may be. If the chancellor shall find from the evidence that the
        proposed enlargement or contraction, as the case may be, is unreasonable and is not
        required by the public convenience and necessity, then he shall enter a decree denying such
        enlargement or contraction. In any event, the decree of the chancellor shall
        become effective after the passage of ten days from the date thereof or, in
        event an appeal is taken therefrom, within ten days from the final
        determination of such appeal. In any proceeding under this section the burden shall
        be upon the municipal authorities to show that the proposed enlargement or contraction is
        reasonable.

(emphasis added). The City argues that the language stating that the chancellor's decree will become

effective ten days from the final determination of the appeal shows that the decree was stayed before then

and could not serve as a basis for a judgment of contempt. The City never requested a stay pending its

appeal from the deannexation judgment.

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¶27.    An appeal in an annexation case is governed by Miss. Code Ann. § 21-1-37, which states:

        If the municipality or any other interested person who was a party to the proceedings in the
        chancery court be aggrieved by the decree of the chancellor, then such municipality or
        other person may prosecute an appeal therefrom within the time and in the manner and
        with like effect as is provided in section 21-1-21 in the case of appeals from the decree
        of the chancellor with regard to the creation of a municipal corporation.

The Objectors argue that § 21-1-33 must be read in conjunction with § 21-1-21, which states:

        Any person interested in or aggrieved by the decree of the chancellor, and who was a
        party to the proceedings in the chancery court, may prosecute an appeal therefrom to the
        supreme court within ten days from the date of such decree by furnishing an appeal bond
        in the sum of five hundred dollars with two good and sufficient sureties, conditioned to pay
        all costs of the appeal in event the decree is affirmed. Such appeal bond shall be subject
        to the approval of the chancery clerk and shall operate as a supersedeas. If the decree of
        the chancellor be affirmed by the supreme court, then such decree shall go into effect after
        the passage of ten days from the date of the final judgment thereon, and the party or parties
        prosecuting such appeal and the sureties on their appeal bond shall be adjudged to pay all
        costs of such appeal.

¶28.    To construe § 21-1-33 as the City urges would render § 21-1-21 a nullity. Both statutes speak

of the decree of the chancellor going into effect ten days after the appeal is decided. Supersedeas must

be requested in the chancery court. The City did not do this and therefore the final judgment disallowing

deannexation and ordering further action on behalf of the City was not stayed. The notice of appeal filed

by the City did nothing to stay the judgment of the chancery court and prevent the City from being held in

contempt.

¶29.    Finally, the City argues that the chancery court erred in holding the City and its four councilmen in

contempt. The City bases its first argument on its notice of appeal filed under § 21-1-33, which we have

already held to be without merit. The City next argues that the councilmen's conduct was not wilful and

deliberate so that it could be labeled as contumacious, a term we have often used to define behavior

sufficient to amount to contempt. See Dunaway v. Busbin, 498 So. 2d 1218 (Miss. 1986). The City

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asks that this Court apply the lenient standard found in Smith v. Smith, 545 So. 2d 725 (Miss. 1989), and

Walker v. Walker, 453 So. 2d 1030 (Miss. 1984). In both Smith and Walker this Court affirmed the

chancery court's finding of no contempt, even though the party in question in each case disobeyed at least

some of the terms of the chancery court's order.

¶30.    The City argues that in this case the councilmen did not obey the chancellor's order because they

believed that filing a notice of appeal would result in an automatic stay of the chancery court judgment under

Miss. Code Ann. § 21-1-33. As we noted earlier, this was incorrect. Whatever leniency may have been

allowed in the domestic cases cited above is not appropriate here. The chancellor was not manifestly in

error in finding the councilmen in contempt. In addition, our finding that the chancellor's directive to the City

to proceed with voting rights litigation was improper is also not an excuse for failure to comply with the

judgment. See Ladner v. Ladner, 206 So. 2d 620, 623 (Miss. 1968). The issue is without merit.

                                              CONCLUSION

¶31.    The chancellor did not commit manifest error in denying the City of Grenada's deannexation

request. The City's attempt to achieve preclearance of its 1993 annexation does not by itself alter our

analysis of deannexation as a matter of state law. The chancellor also did not err in holding the city

councilmen in contempt. Finally, the chancellor did err in ordering the City to proceed in litigating its case

before the USAG in the manner prescribed. Therefore, the judgment of the chancery court is affirmed in

part and reversed and rendered in part.

¶32.    AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND RENDERED IN PART.

     SMITH, C.J., WALLER, P.J., CARLSON AND RANDOLPH, JJ., CONCUR.
EASLEY, J., CONCURS IN PART AND DISSENTS IN PART WITHOUT SEPARATE
WRITTEN OPINION. DIAZ, GRAVES AND DICKINSON, JJ., NOT PARTICIPATING.

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