Court Opinion

ID: 6105286
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-01-20 17:14:41.709182+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:53:47.591170
License: Public Domain

J-S35007-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :          PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JAMES WATSON                               :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :     No. 1332 MDA 2020

              Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 1, 2020
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Bradford County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-08-CR-0000449-2001

BEFORE:      OLSON, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                           FILED: JANUARY 20, 2022

        Appellant, James Watson, appeals pro se from the order entered on

October 1, 2020, dismissing, as untimely, his petition filed under the Post

Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 We affirm.

        The PCRA court summarized the procedural history as follows:

        Appellant was convicted by [a] jury on September 12, 2002, of
        first-degree murder, conspiracy to commit homicide, kidnapping,
        conspiracy to commit kidnapping, [unlawful restraint, false
        imprisonment, aggravated assault, tampering with or fabricating
        physical evidence, and persons not to own or possess firearms. 2]
        Appellant was sentenced that [same] day to life imprisonment for
        the murder conviction, but sentenc[ing] was deferred on the
        remaining convictions. On November 22, 2002, Appellant was
        sentenced to an aggregate sentence of [46] to [92] years[’]
____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1   42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.

218 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2502(a), 903, 2901(a)(2), 903, 2902, 2903, 2702(a)(4),
4910(1), and 6105, respectively.
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        imprisonment for the remaining            convictions   [to   run]
        consecutive[ly] to the life sentence.

        [This Court] affirmed the judgment of sentence on August 20,
        2004[,] and [our] Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal on
        April 18, 2005. [See Commonwealth v. Watson, 860 A.2d 1136
        (Pa. Super. 2004) (unpublished memorandum), appeal denied,
        872 A.2d 1199 (Pa. 2005).] Appellant filed a timely pro se [PCRA]
        petition[, his first,] on May 18, 2004. He was appointed counsel
        who [subsequently] filed an amended PCRA petition. [Ultimately,
        the PCRA court denied Appellant’s petition and the order denying
        Appellant’s petition was affirmed by this Court on January 15,
        2016. See Commonwealth v. Watson, 2016 WL 193407 (Pa.
        Super. 2016) (unpublished memorandum)].

PCRA Court Opinion, 6/14/21, at 1 (unpaginated).

        Appellant, acting pro se, filed the instant PCRA petition, his second, on

June 12, 2020. Id. On July 1, 2020, the PCRA court issued a notice of intent

to dismiss the petition pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 because Appellant’s

petition was untimely and he failed to allege an exception to the PCRA’s

one-year jurisdictional time bar. Id. at 2. On September 24, 2020, after

receiving an extension of time, Appellant filed a response to the PCRA court’s

notice to dismiss; however, the PCRA court found that Appellant again failed

to address the one-year jurisdictional time bar.         Id.    Consequently, it

dismissed Appellant’s petition on October 1, 2020. Id. This appeal followed.3

____________________________________________

3   As the PCRA court explained:

        Appellant filed a timely appeal[;] however, [the PCRA] court was
        not served with a copy of the appeal[.] As a result [of] the lack
        of service, [the PCRA] court did not enter an order directing
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

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       Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:

       I. Whether trial counsel and PCRA counsel failed to subject the
       Commonwealth’s case to adversarial testing in failing to argue,
       present, or litigate the denial of a trial by a fair cross-section of
       the community in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the
       Fourteenth Amendment where Appellant was tried by an all-white
       jury?

       II. Whether both trial counsel and PCRA counsel were fatally
       ineffective for failing to subject the Commonwealth’s case to
       adversarial testing, where said failure amounted to a breakdown
       of the adversarial testing process prior to trial and all subsequent
       appeals related thereto?

       III. Whether this case should be remanded for the appointment
       of counsel to develop the facts regarding (a) the timeliness of the
       petition, and (b) the merits of the petition based upon the
       extraordinary circumstances presented to this Court?

Appellant’s Brief at 1-2 (cleaned up). Before we can address the substance of

Appellant’s claims, we must first analyze the timeliness of Appellant’s second

PCRA petition, which implicates our jurisdiction over the instant claims.

       This Court's standard of review regarding an order denying a
       petition under the PCRA is whether the determination of the PCRA
       court is supported by the evidence of record and is free of legal
       error. The PCRA court's findings will not be disturbed unless there
       is no support for the findings in the certified record.

       Pennsylvania law makes clear no court has jurisdiction to hear an
       untimely PCRA petition. [A]mendments to the PCRA, effective
       January 16, 1996, provide [that] a PCRA petition, including a
       second or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the
       date the underlying judgment becomes final.           42 Pa.C.S.A.
       § 9545(b)(1). A judgment is deemed final “at the conclusion of
____________________________________________

       Appellant to file a [concise] statement of [errors] complained of
       on appeal [pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)].

PCRA Court Opinion, 6/14/21, at 2. The PCRA court filed its opinion pursuant
to Rule 1925(a) on June 14, 2021.

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      direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme Court
      of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or
      at the expiration of time for seeking the review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A.
      § 9545(b)(3).

      [There are] three statutory exceptions to the timeliness provisions
      in the PCRA [that] allow for the very limited circumstances under
      which the late filing of a petition will be excused. 42 Pa.C.S.A.
      § 9545(b)(1). To invoke an exception, a petitioner must allege
      and prove:

          (i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
          interference by government officials with the presentation
          of the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this
          Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United
          States;

          (ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
          unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
          ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or

          (iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
          recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or
          the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period
          provided in this section and has been held by that court to
          apply retroactively.

      We emphasize that it is the petitioner who bears the burden to
      allege and prove that one of the timeliness exceptions applies.
      Lastly, there is no generalized equitable exception to the
      jurisdictional one-year time bar pertaining to post-conviction
      petitions.

Commonwealth v. Vinson, 249 A.3d 1197, 1203–1204 (Pa. Super. 2021)

(internal case citations and some quotations omitted).

      Moreover, an appellant must plead a timeliness exception in the PCRA

petition itself.   Commonwealth v. Stanton, 184 A.3d 949, 954 n.4 (Pa.

2018); see also Commonwealth v. Wharton, 886 A.2d 1120, 1125-1126

(Pa. 2005).    PCRA petitioners must acknowledge within the petition under

review that it is untimely but that one or more exceptions apply.

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Commonwealth v. Beasley, 741 A.2d 1258, 1261 (Pa. 1999).               “If the

petition is determined to be untimely, and no exception has been pled and

proven,   the   petition   must   be   dismissed    without   a   hearing[.]”

Commonwealth v. Perrin, 947 A.2d 1284, 1285 (Pa. Super. 2008).

     Here, our Supreme Court denied further review of Appellant’s judgment

of sentence on April 18, 2005. Therefore, Appellant’s judgment of sentence

became final on July 17, 2005, when the 90-day period for filing a writ of

certiorari with the Supreme Court of the United States expired. See U.S. Sup.

Ct. R. 13(1); see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3).      Therefore, Appellant’s

PCRA petition filed on June 12, 2020, more than fourteen years after his

judgement of sentence became final, is patently untimely.

     Upon careful review of the instant pro se petition and Appellant’s

response to the PCRA court’s Rule 907 notice of its intent to dismiss the

petition, we find Appellant raised the timeliness exception set forth at

§ 9545(b)(1)(iii), which pertains to newly recognized constitutional rights.

Section 9545(b)(1)(iii) provides a timeliness exception for petitioners who

allege and prove that:

     The right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by
     the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of
     Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has
     been held by that court to apply retroactively.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii). Throughout his response, Appellant asserts

that his petition “is predicated and timely pursuant to the United States

Supreme Court[] ruling in Flowers v. Mississippi,” 139 S.Ct. 2228 (2019).

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See, e.g., Response to Notice of Intent to Dismiss, 9/24/20, at 3. He argues

that Flowers “is and should be recognized [as] a new watershed rule of

criminal procedure which applies retroactively on collateral review.” Id. at

13. Appellant contends that his petition raised a constitutional claim under

Flowers and was filed “within the prescribed timeline.” Id. at 13-14. While

Appellant neither acknowledged the untimeliness of his petition nor cited an

exception explicitly, we find that his response to the PCRA court’s Rule 907

notice of its intent to dismiss the petition, when liberally construed, sets forth

sufficient averments to sustain his burden of asserting the newly recognized

constitutional right timeliness exception. See Commonwealth v. Blakeney,

108 A.3d 739, 766 (Pa. 2014) (acknowledging that “courts may liberally

construe materials filed by a pro se litigant).

      Although, at first blush, Appellant invokes the timeliness exception

pertaining to a newly recognized constitutional right, a deeper review of

Appellant’s claim reveals that he cannot satisfy the requirements of

§ 9545(b)(1)(iii). The United States Supreme Court stated that its decision in

Flowers “break[s] no new legal ground,” but rather, merely applies the

holding announced in Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986), “to the

extraordinary facts of [the present] case.”       Flowers, 139 S.Ct. at 2251.

Further, a Batson claim involves the discriminatory use of peremptory strikes

during the selection of individuals who ultimately serve on a petit jury. This

is a different claim than that asserted by Appellant – a challenge to the general

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composition of the pool of prospective jurors.        See Commonwealth v.

Carter, 2013 WL 11253813 (Pa. Super. 2013) (unpublished memorandum)

(distinguishing the appellant’s challenge to the racial composition of the jury

pool from a Batson challenge to a prosecutor’s discriminatory use of

peremptory challenges).4 Lastly, while Appellant argues that Flowers should

be applied retroactively, he fails to cite to any decision which provides that

Flowers has already been deemed to apply after a judgment of sentence

has become final. See Commonwealth v. Murphy, 180 A.3d 402, 405 (Pa.

Super. 2018) (explaining that, to fulfill the requirements of § 9545(b)(1)(iii),

a petitioner must demonstrate that the United States Supreme Court or the

Pennsylvania Supreme Court “already held the new constitutional right to be

retroactive to cases on collateral review … at the time the petition was filed.”),

quoting Commonwealth v. Abdul-Salaam, 812 A.2d 497, 501 (Pa. 2002).

On the contrary, the United States Supreme Court explicitly limited its decision

solely “to the extraordinary facts” of the specific case before it. Flowers, 139

S.Ct. at 2251. Thus, Appellant’s claim cannot fall within the newly recognized

constitutional right exception to the jurisdictional time bar. Consequently, the

____________________________________________

4 Appellant’s claim that the jury pool did not reflect a fair cross section of the
community has been recognized for over four decades. See Duren v.
Missouri, 439 U.S. 357, 363 (1979) (articulating tripart test for establishing
a prima facie violation of the fair cross-section requirement of the Sixth and
Fourteenth amendments to the United States Constitution); see also
Commonwealth v. Harris, 424 A.2d 1245, 1247 (Pa. 1981) (applying the
test articulated in Duren).

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PCRA court lacked jurisdiction to review Appellant’s PCRA petition, and we

may not review the substance of Appellant’s claims on appeal.

     Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 01/20/2022

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