Court Opinion

ID: 4669142
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-03-18 16:12:35.138287+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:58:24.511893
License: Public Domain

J-S53008-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JEFFREY LEATHERBURY                        :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 2543 EDA 2019

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 12, 2016
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-51-CR-0007113-2016

BEFORE:      SHOGAN, J., LAZARUS, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.:                                 Filed: March 18, 2021

        Appellant, Jeffrey Leatherbury, appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed on December 12, 2016. Appellant’s counsel has filed a motion to

withdraw her representation and a brief pursuant to Anders v. California,

386 U.S. 738 (1967) and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa.

2009), which govern withdrawal from representation in a direct appeal. After

careful review, we grant counsel’s motion to withdraw and affirm the judgment

of sentence.

        On December 5, 2016, Appellant entered into an open guilty plea,

pleading guilty to attempted murder, aggravated assault, carrying a firearm

without a license, carrying a firearm on the streets of Philadelphia, and

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S53008-20

possession of an instrument of crime (“PIC”), following an encounter with

Rodney Tyson (“Victim”). 1 During his guilty-plea hearing, Appellant admitted

the following facts:

       [O]n June 20, 2016[,] at approximately 6:27 in the evening in the
       area of 1122 West Lehigh Avenue, [Victim] in this case was
       leaving work and was talking with a friend in that area when he
       was approached by [Appellant] who told him to get off his block,
       pulled out a gun, pointed it at them -- him.

       When [Victim] turned to run away he heard a gunshot. That shot
       missed him, but then he heard two more shots. Both of those
       shots struck [Victim] in the back and once in his butt. He fell to
       the ground. [Appellant] chased him, stood over top of him
       pointing the gun at him, struck him with the gun before running
       away from the scene.

N.T. (Guilty Plea), 12/5/16, at 19.            Although Appellant ran away from the

scene, he turned himself in later that same day. Id.

       Appellant signed a Colloquy for Plea of Guilty and participated in an oral

colloquy. N.T. (Guilty Plea), 12/5/16, at 5-20. During the guilty plea colloquy,

Appellant averred, inter alia, that: he understood the terms of the plea

agreement; he was sober and not suffering from any mental disease or defect;

he had discussed the case with counsel; by pleading guilty he was waiving his

right to a jury trial, to confront witnesses, and to litigate any pretrial motions;

he entered into the guilty plea knowingly and voluntarily; he initialed and

signed the guilty colloquy form and understood its contents; he understood

his post-sentence rights; he was aware of the maximum sentence for charges

____________________________________________

1 18 Pa.C.S §§ 901(a) (2502), 2702(a)(1), 6106(a)(1), 6108, and 907(a),
respectively.

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to which he pled guilty; he was aware of the facts underlying the charge; he

discussed the elements of the crimes to which he was pleading guilty with

counsel and understood them; he was pleading guilty because he committed

the crimes to which he was pleading; and he had a limited right to appeal.

N.T. (Guilty Plea), 12/5/16, at 5-20.

       On December 12, 2016, the trial court sentenced Appellant to a total of

six and one half to fifteen years of incarceration.2 Following his sentencing,

Appellant filed a counseled post-sentence motion on December 19, 2016. Post

Sentence Motion, 12/19/16. In that motion, Appellant sought to withdraw his

guilty plea. Id. The motion was denied by operation of law, but the denial

was not entered on the docket. N.T. (PCRA), 8/26/19, at 3. Appellant was

initially unaware that the motion was denied. Id.

       On April 2, 2019, Appellant filed a pro se petition pursuant to the Post

Conviction Relief Act, 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546, seeking to have his right to a

direct appeal reinstated nunc pro tunc.          The trial court appointed PCRA

counsel, counsel filed an amended petition, and a hearing was held on August

26, 2019. During the hearing, the Commonwealth agreed to the nunc pro

tunc reinstatement of Appellant’s direct appeal rights and those rights were

reinstated.
____________________________________________

2 The trial court sentenced Appellant to six and one-half years to fifteen years
of incarceration for attempted murder and one to two years of incarceration
for both of the firearms convictions, to be served concurrently. The count for
aggravated assault merged with the attempted murder count. Finally, the
court did not impose any additional sentence for the PIC conviction.
Sentencing Order, 12/12/16.

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         Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal on August 29, 2019. The trial

court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained of on

appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).         Appellant filed a timely Pa.R.A.P.

1925(c)(4) statement, in which counsel set forth her intent to file an Anders

brief.    The trial court responded that it would not file an opinion because

Appellant’s counsel planned to file an Anders brief.

         Before we address the merits of this appeal, we must resolve appellate

counsel’s request to withdraw. Commonwealth v. Cartrette, 83 A.3d 1030,

1032 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc).            There are procedural and briefing

requirements imposed upon counsel seeking to withdraw on direct appeal.

Counsel is required to:

         1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that, after
         making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
         determined that the appeal would be frivolous; 2) furnish a copy
         of the brief to the defendant; and 3) advise the defendant that he
         or she has the right to retain private counsel or raise additional
         arguments that the defendant deems worthy of the court’s
         attention.

Id. at 1032. Counsel has complied with these directives. In her motion to

withdraw, counsel averred that she has conducted an extensive review of the

record and applicable law, found no issues of merit, and concluded that the

appeal would be frivolous. Further, she furnished a copy of her Anders brief

to Appellant and informed him that although she requested permission to

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withdraw, Appellant had the right to litigate his appeal pro se or he may retain

counsel.3 Motion Seeking Permission to Withdraw as Counsel, Exhibit 1.

       We next look to whether counsel’s Anders brief adheres to the dictates

set forth by our Supreme Court in Santiago:

       [W]e hold that in the Anders brief that accompanies court-
       appointed counsel’s petition to withdraw, counsel must: (1)
       provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
       citations to the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that
       counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set forth
       counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state
       counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous.
       Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling
       case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion
       that the appeal is frivolous.

Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Upon review, we find counsel’s brief is compliant

with the dictates of Santiago. The brief describes the factual and procedural

history of the case, with citations to the record.       Anders Brief at 4-7.

Moreover, the brief includes citation to and discussion of relevant case law.

Id. at 10-13. Finally, the brief sets forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal

is frivolous and the reasons for that conclusion. Id. at 14-15.

       Satisfied that counsel has met the requirements of Santiago and

Anders, we now proceed with an independent review of the proceedings and

record to determine whether there are any non-frivolous issues that could be

presented on appeal. Commonwealth v. Yorgey, 188 A.3d 1190, 1198-

____________________________________________

3 Appellant filed a pro se response to the Anders Brief in which he asserted
that counsel’s Anders Brief contradicted her earlier correspondence with him.
Appellant’s Reply Brief to Counsel’s Anders Brief, 6/3/20.

                                           -5-
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1199 (Pa. Super. 2018) (en banc).       Although counsel avers that it is her

opinion there are no meritorious issues, she sets forth the following issue at

the request of Appellant:

      1.   Did the trial court commit an abuse of discretion in denying
           Appellant’s post-sentence motion to withdraw his guilty
           plea[?]

Anders Brief at 10 (full capitalization omitted).

      Preliminarily, we note “When considering the propriety of a trial court’s

denial of a motion to withdraw a guilty plea, we are bound by the

determination of that court unless we find that it committed an abuse of

discretion.”   Commonwealth v. Mobley, 581 A.2d 949, 952 (Pa. Super.

1990) (citation omitted).    Moreover, we note that post-sentence motions

seeking to withdraw a guilty plea, such as the one Appellant filed, are subject

to a higher degree of scrutiny than a motion filed before sentencing. Indeed,

      Post-sentence motions for withdrawal are subject to a higher
      scrutiny since courts strive to discourage entry of guilty pleas as
      sentence testing devices. A defendant must demonstrate that
      manifest injustice would result if the court were to deny his post-
      sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea. Manifest injustice may
      be established if the plea was not tendered knowingly,
      intelligently, and voluntarily. In determining whether a plea is
      valid, the court must examine the totality of the circumstances
      surrounding the plea. A deficient plea does not per se establish
      prejudice on the order of manifest injustice.

Commonwealth v. Kehr, 180 A.3d 754, 756-757 (Pa. Super. 2018).

      In support of his appeal, Appellant contends he should have been

permitted to withdraw his guilty plea because: he advised his plea counsel

that he wanted to withdraw his plea, he tried to retain counsel prior to

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sentencing to assist him with withdrawing his plea, he entered his plea despite

being innocent because it was his first criminal proceeding and he was actually

innocent. Anders Brief at 10. Ultimately, Appellant avers that he should

have been permitted to withdraw his plea because he entered it unknowingly,

unintelligently, and involuntarily. Id.

       A review of the record establishes that Appellant entered into the plea

knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.4 During a guilty plea a trial court

should make the following inquiries:

       (1)    Does the defendant understand the nature of the charges to
              which he or she is pleading guilty or nolo contendere?

       (2)    Is there a factual basis for the plea?

       (3)    Does the defendant understand that he or she has the right
              to trial by jury?

____________________________________________

4  We are aware that at the beginning of the plea hearing, Appellant stated
that he did not want to plead guilty. N.T. (Guilty Plea), 12/5/16, at 8-9.
Specifically, Appellant claimed that trial counsel did not have a defense
prepared, and he felt pressured to enter a guilty plea. Id. at 9. Trial counsel
responded that he had discussed Appellant’s defense with him as well as the
pros and cons of Appellant’s case. Id. After further discussion among
counsel, Appellant, and the trial court, Appellant decided that he wanted to
enter an open plea. Id. at 15. Following Appellant’s declaration that he
wanted to enter the plea, the trial court recessed the hearing so Appellant and
his counsel could further discuss Appellant’s decision. Following the discussion
between Appellant and his counsel, and despite his earlier hesitation,
Appellant again stated that he wished to plead guilty. The trial court then
conducted a thorough colloquy, during which Appellant confirmed, inter alia,
that he was not promised anything, forced, or threatened to plead guilty and
that he was doing so of his own free will. Id. at 18. Appellant also
acknowledged the facts that supported the guilty plea and admitted guilt. Id.
at 19-20.

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      (4)   Does the defendant understand that he or she is presumed
            innocent until found guilty?

      (5)   Is the defendant aware of the permissible range of
            sentences and/or fines for the offenses charged?

      (6)   Is the defendant aware that the judge is not bound by the
            terms of any plea agreement tendered unless the judge
            accepts such agreement?

Commonwealth v. Pollard, 832 A2d 517, 522-523 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citing

Commonwealth v. Ingold, 823 A.2d 917, 920-921 (Pa. Super. 2003)). See

also Pa.R.Crim.P. 590 (setting forth criteria necessary for a party to enter a

plea or plea agreement).     A review of the transcript from the guilty-plea

hearing makes clear that the trial court followed that mandate and made all

relevant inquires and Appellant responded in the affirmative appropriately.

N.T. (Guilty Plea), 12/5/16, at 16-20. Further, “[a] person who elects to plead

guilty is bound by the statements he makes in open court while under oath

and he may not later assert grounds for withdrawing the plea which contradict

the statements he made at his plea colloquy.” Pollard, 832 at 523. Moreover,

we note that an assertion of innocence is not sufficient to demonstrate the

manifest injustice required for the post-sentence withdrawal of a guilty plea.

Commonwealth v. Kpou, 153 A.3d 1020, 1024 (Pa. Super. 2016).

      In the instant case, the trial court conducted a thorough, on-the-record

guilty-plea colloquy that discussed all of the required elements, as discussed

supra. Appellant also signed a written guilty plea colloquy. The totality of the

circumstances supports the conclusion that Appellant knowingly, voluntarily,

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and intelligently entered into the guilty plea. Given that a defendant is bound

by the statements he made during his guilty plea colloquy, Commonwealth

v. Stork, 737 A.2d 789, 790-791 (Pa. Super. 1999), he may not assert

grounds for withdrawing his plea that contradict the statements he made

during the plea hearing. Pollard, 832 A.2d at 523, Appellant is unable to

make the required showing that his plea was entered into unknowingly,

unintelligently, or involuntarily.   Thus, Appellant cannot show he suffered

prejudice on the order of manifest injustice required for the withdrawal of a

plea after he was sentenced.

      Finally, we have conducted an independent review of the record in order

to determine if there are any additional, non-frivolous issues overlooked by

counsel. Yorgey, 188 A.3d at 1198-1199. Following our review, we conclude

that there are no additional issues of merit and an appeal in this matter is

frivolous.

      Motion to withdraw as counsel granted. Judgment of sentence affirmed.

      Judge Strassburger did not participate in the consideration or decision

of this case.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/18/21

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