Court Opinion

ID: 7798929
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-08-08 20:03:03.572426+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:28:52.560057
License: Public Domain

2022 IL App (2d) 210539-U
                                        No. 2-21-0539
                                   Order filed August 8, 2022

      NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23(b) and is not precedent
      except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(l).
______________________________________________________________________________

                                            IN THE

                             APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                              SECOND DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

JOHN LAURENCE KIENLEN, TRUSTEE         ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
OF JOHN LAURENCE KIENLEN               ) of Du Page County.
DECLARATION OF TRUST DATED             )
SEPTEMBER 1, 2001,                     )
                                       )
      Plaintiff-Appellant,             )
                                       )
v.                                     ) No. 19-AR-2079
                                       )
JEFFREY R. WALKER,                     ) Honorable
                                       ) Robert E. Douglas,
      Defendant-Appellee.              ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

       PRESIDING JUSTICE BRIDGES delivered the judgment of the court.
       Justices Hutchinson and Birkett concurred in the judgment.

                                            ORDER

¶1     Held: The trial court did not err in allowing Walker to raise affirmative defenses at trial
             or in granting Walker’s motion for a directed finding. Therefore, we affirm.

¶2     Plaintiff, John Laurence Kienlen, trustee of John Laurence Kienlen declaration of trust

dated September 1, 2001, appeals from the trial court’s grant of a directed finding in favor of

defendant, Jeffrey R. Walker, on Kienlen’s breach of contract claim. We affirm.

¶3                                    I. BACKGROUND
2022 IL App (2d) 210539-U

¶4     Kienlen, an attorney, filed a pro se complaint against Walker on December 31, 2019,

alleging as follows. Prior to October 31, 2014, Kienlen owned a one-half interest in an office

condominium unit commonly known as Unit 200, Building A, 1776 S. Naperville Road in

Wheaton, which interest also included a perpetual easement and exclusive right to use storage

space S-11 in the building’s basement. Kienlen sold his interest in Unit 200-A to the owner of

another unit in the condominium building, but the sale did not include Kienlen’s interest in the

storage space. Walker had an ownership interest in another condominium unit in the same building,

specifically Unit 202-A, and was the building’s manager. Walker told Kienlen that Kienlen could

not retain an interest in the storage space after the sale and needed to sell it to another unit owner

in the building. Prior to October 1, 2014, Kienlen and Walker entered into a verbal agreement

whereby Kienlen agreed to sell and Walker agreed to purchase Kienlen’s interest in storage space

S-11 for $18,000, with the provision that Kienlen could use the storage space until Walker paid

the purchase price on November 28, 2014.

¶5     Kienlen further alleged that on or about November 28, 2014, Walker removed Kienlen’s

possessions from the storage space and advised Kienlen that (1) Kienlen could obtain his

possessions outside the basement of the condominium building, (2) Walker had changed the locks

to the access door to storage space S-11 so that Kienlen would no longer have access to it, and (3)

Walker needed additional time and would pay Kienlen by February 1, 2015, to which Kienlen

agreed. Kienlen alleged that Walker breached the agreement by failing to pay him the $18,000 by

February 1, 2015, or thereafter.

¶6     On January 13, 2020, Walker filed a motion to dismiss the complaint pursuant to section

2-619(a) of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a) (West 2020)). He alleged that the

complaint should be dismissed because (1) it violated the statute of frauds in that a contract

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regarding an interest in real estate must be in writing, and (2) it was barred by the five-year statute

of limitations. Kienlen filed a response on January 31, 2020, arguing that the statute of frauds was

inapplicable because the oral contract was performed to an extent to make it binding. He argued

that the statute of limitations did not apply because his cause of action accrued on February 1,

2015, when Walker failed to pay Kienlen the $18,000 as agreed.

¶7     On February 13, 2020, the trial court denied the motion to dismiss “without prejudice to

raising the defenses *** in future pleadings.” Walker filed an answer to the complaint on March

25, 2020, without raising any affirmative defenses.

¶8     On September 29, 2020, the trial court assigned the case for a mandatory arbitration hearing

on January 14, 2021. The arbitrators found in favor of Walker and against Kienlen. Kienlen filed

a notice rejecting the arbitration award, and the case was set for a bench trial on June 10, 2021.

¶9     At trial, Kienlen testified consistently with his allegations regarding his ownership of the

business condominium unit and his interest in the storage space. He further testified to the

following. He and the co-owner of his condominium unit, Lee Pietsch, had initially planned to

keep the storage space, but Pietsch later advised him that they had to sell the space to a unit owner

in the building. Pietsch subsequently told him that Walker agreed to buy their storage space for

$36,000. Kienlen then told Walker that he would be moving out of the condominium at the end of

October 2014 and would like an additional month to remove his possessions from the storage

space. Walker agreed and said that he would pay Kienlen his share, $18,000, at the end of

November when Kienlen moved his possessions. After Kienlen vacated the condominium, Walker

changed the locks to access the storage space.

¶ 10   Kienlen testified that on November 28, 2014, Kienlen and another individual, Adam

Ferguson, went to the storage unit to retrieve Kienlen’s belongings. Kienlen called Walker on the

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2022 IL App (2d) 210539-U

drive over, and Walker said to meet him at the entrance to the basement. When Kienlen arrived,

he discovered that his possessions were sitting inside the garage door. Kienlen was concerned that

“Walker had taken all of [his] stuff out of the storage space” because he did not know how Walker

had been able to identify Kienlen’s items. Kienlen then went to the storage unit and saw that all of

his belongings had in fact been removed. He asked Walker how he knew which items were

Kienlen’s, as all of them were by the door, but Walker “didn’t answer.” Kienlen assumed that

Pietsch had showed him which items were Kienlen’s, 1 Kienlen asked Walker if he had Kienlen’s

check. Walker said that things had been tough and that he needed a couple of months. They agreed

that Walker would pay him by February 1, 2015. Kienlen later had a couple of conversations in

which Walker stated that he could not currently pay him but would. However, Walker

subsequently stopped accepting Kienlen’s phone calls.

¶ 11   Ferguson testified that he helped Kienlen move his belongings on November 28, 2014. All

of Kienlen’s belongings were against the wall outside the door to the garage area. Ferguson heard

Kienlen ask Walker for the $18,000, and Walker said that he needed a few months to get the money

together. Kienlen told Walker to pay him by February 1.

¶ 12   Walker moved for a directed finding, arguing that the statute of frauds and the statute of

limitations applied. Kienlen countered that Walker had previously pled the same two affirmative

defenses but had not repled them after the trial court denied Walker’s motion to dismiss without

prejudice. He further argued that the statute of frauds did not apply because Walker removed his

       1
           Kienlen later testified that even though Pietsch had also sold his interest in the

condominium building, Pietsch kept his own possessions in the storage space “for quite some

time,” which he believed was “years.”

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2022 IL App (2d) 210539-U

possessions prior to November 18, 2014. Regarding the statute of limitations, Kienlen argued that

there was consideration for a modification of the agreement to extend the time of payment to

February 1, 2015.

¶ 13   The trial court stated that under section 2-613(d) of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS

5/2-613(d) (West 2020)), an affirmative defense had to be pled in the answer or reply if it was

likely to take the opposing party by surprise. The trial court stated that here, Kienlen was not taken

by surprise by Walker raising the statute of frauds because Walker had previously raised the

defense in his pleadings. The trial court stated that there was no specific testimony or evidence

that Walker ever took possession of the storage unit, as Kienlen did not know who removed his

belongings from the unit and changed the locks, and only assumed that it was Walker. Kienlen

also did not testify that any of Walker’s possessions were in the storage unit. Therefore, there was

no evidence that Walker ever executed on the contract for the sale of the storage unit. As the

contract was executable rather than executed, and without a written contract for the sale of real

estate, the statute of frauds applied. The trial court granted Walker’s motion for a directed finding.

¶ 14   On July 9, 2021, Kienlen filed a motion to reconsider. The trial court denied the motion on

August 18, 2021, stating that Kienlen was given notice of the defense via the motion to dismiss.

¶ 15   This timely appeal followed.

¶ 16                                       II. ANALYSIS

¶ 17   Kienlen first argues that the trial court’s ruling was against the manifest weight of the

evidence and “clear error” because Kienlen introduced uncontroverted evidence that he had

performed under the parties’ verbal agreement. Kienlen argues that the agreement between the

parties was that Walker could pay Kienlen $18,000 when Kienlen’s possessions were removed

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2022 IL App (2d) 210539-U

from the storage space, and the evidence showed that his possessions had been removed from the

space by the agreed time.

¶ 18     Kienlen relatedly argues that the trial court’s findings, that he did not know who removed

his possessions from the storage space and did not have firsthand knowledge of who changed the

locks to access the storage space, were against the manifest weight of the evidence. Kienlen asserts

that he testified that Walker had removed Kienlen’s possessions from the storage space before

Kienlen arrived to pick them up, and Kienlen argues that this testimony was not questioned or

otherwise contradicted. Kienlen contends that he also testified that right after he had moved out of

his business condominium unit in October 14, Walker changed the locks to get into the storage

space.

¶ 19     Kienlen further argues that the trial court erred in allowing Walker to assert the statute of

frauds defense in his motion for a directed finding on the basis that Kienlen was not surprised by

the defense. Kienlen argues that because the trial court had denied Walker’s motion to dismiss

without prejudice to him raising such a defense in future pleadings, and Walker did not raise the

defense in his answer to the complaint, it was reasonable for Kienlen to believe that Walker would

no longer raise the defense. Kienlen argues that he was therefore justifiably surprised by Walker

raising the defense at trial, and that the grant of the directed finding precluded him from having

the opportunity to present additional evidence barring the application of the statute of frauds as a

defense.

¶ 20     Citing Ellison v. Ellison, 372 Ill. 323 (1939), Walker responds that in order to avoid the

fact that the contract clearly violated the statute of frauds, Kienlen was required to produce some

evidence of performance such that it would be impossible or impractical to restore or compensate

the party performing for what he has parted with or the value of his performance. Walker cites

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2022 IL App (2d) 210539-U

Phillips v. Britton, 162 Ill. App. 3d 774, 782 (1987), for the proposition that to invoke the partial

performance doctrine, the party must prove his performance and that the conduct is positively

attributable exclusively to the alleged contract. Walker maintains that Kienlen seems to be

claiming partial performance of two types, the first being that Kienlen performed by removing his

personal property upon conveying the office condominium in October 2014. Walker argues that

in doing so, Kienlen parted with nothing and conferred nothing of value to Walker or the unit, and

that removing personal property from a condominium sold to a third party was not exclusively

related to an alleged oral agreement to sell a storage easement which served the condominium.

Walker maintains that the second allegation of partial performance is Walker removing Kienlen’s

personal property from the storage unit and changing locks. Walker argues that on this issue, the

trial court correctly found based on a fair reading of the testimony that there was no evidence that

Walker was the individual who removed the personal property.

¶ 21   Walker alternatively argues that the statute of limitations applies because the complaint

was filed more than five years after the agreement was allegedly breached. Walker asserts that the

alleged agreement to defer payment to February 1, 2015, was not supported by legal consideration

because it imposed no new obligation on him.

¶ 22   Last, Walker additionally argues in the alternative that the exhibits introduced into

evidence show that the storage unit was an easement appurtenant with the condominium being the

dominant parcel. Walker argues that the conveyance of the dominant parcel conveyed the easement

appurtenant even though it was not mentioned (see Granite Properties LTD Partnership v. Manns,

117 Ill. 2d 425, 436-37 (1987)), such that Kienlen was in no position to convey the easement

pursuant to the alleged oral agreement.

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2022 IL App (2d) 210539-U

¶ 23   We first address Kienlen’s argument that the trial court erred in allowing Walker to assert

the statute of frauds, which is an affirmative defense (Goldwater v. Greenberg, 2017 IL App (1st)

163003, ¶ 10). Section 2-613 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-613 (West 2020))

provides: “The facts constituting any affirmative defense ***, which, if not expressly stated in the

pleading, would be likely to take the opposite party by surprise, must be plainly set forth in the

answer or reply.” (Emphasis added.) Still, the trial court has the sound discretion to permit a

defendant to file an amended answer raising an affirmative matter any time prior to final judgment,

such that the failure to plead an affirmative defense does not constitute waiver. Profit Management

Development, Inc. v. Jacobson, Brandvik & Anderson, Ltd., 309 Ill. App. 3d 289, 307 (1999). An

affirmative defense “should not be allowed where it would result in surprise or prejudice to the

other party,” but “where the affirmative defense is not a surprise to the plaintiff, it may be allowed

even after the plaintiff has presented his case in chief.” Id. A trial court abuses its discretion where

its ruling is arbitrary, fanciful, or unreasonable, or where no reasonable person would adopt its

view. Haage v. Zavala, 2021 IL 125918, ¶ 40.

¶ 24   We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in allowing Walker to raise his

prior affirmative defenses at the close of Kienlen’s case. Walker had previously raised the same

defenses in his motion to dismiss and Kienlen had filed a written reply, so the defenses themselves

were not a surprise to Kienlen, who had time to research and respond to them. Though Kienlen

argues that he did not have the opportunity to present additional evidence contradicting the

defenses at trial, Kienlen did not seek to reopen the proofs, nor did he make an offer of proof of

what the additional evidence would be.

¶ 25    We next address Kienlen’s argument that the trial court erred in finding that Kienlen did

not know who removed his belongings from the unit and changed the locks. Section 2-1110 of the

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2022 IL App (2d) 210539-U

Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-1110 (West 2020)) permits a defendant to move for a

directed finding in a bench trial at the close of the plaintiff’s case. In ruling on a section 2-1110

motion, the trial court must first determine whether the plaintiff has established a prima facie case

as a matter of law by providing evidence on every element essential to the plaintiff’s underlying

cause of action. L.D.S., LLC v. Southern Cross Foods, Ltd., 2017 IL App (1st) 163058, ¶ 33. If the

plaintiff fails to meet this burden, the trial court should grant the motion and enter judgment in the

defendant’s favor. Id. If the plaintiff has presented a prima facie case, the court must then consider

the credibility of witnesses, weigh the evidence, and draw reasonable inferences from the evidence.

Id. ¶ 34. If the court then concludes that sufficient evidence still exists to establish a prima facie

case, the defendant’s motion should be denied. Id. If the evidence is no longer sufficient, the court

should grant the motion and enter judgment for the defendant. Id. ¶ 34 If the trial court grants the

motion in the first step of the analysis, our review is de novo, whereas we apply a manifest-weight-

of-the-evidence standard if the trial court grants the motion in the second step, as the court did

here. Id. ¶¶ 33-34. A decision is against the manifest weight of the evidence only where the

opposite conclusion is apparent or where the findings appear to be unreasonable, arbitrary, or not

based on the evidence. Id. ¶ 34.

¶ 26   We conclude that the trial court’s grant of a directed finding, and its specific findings that

Kienlen did not know who removed his possession from and changed the locks to the storage unit,

were not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Kienlen testified that his belongings were

near the entry to the garage when he went to pick them up on November 28, 2014. He asked Walker

how he knew which items were Kienlen’s (as opposed to Pietsch’s), but Walker “didn’t answer.”

Kienlen testified that he assumed that Pietsch had showed Walker which things belonged to

Kienlen. Therefore, the evidence supports the trial court’s finding that Kienlen did not have

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2022 IL App (2d) 210539-U

personal knowledge of who moved his possessions but assumed that it was Walker. Kienlen

testified that after he moved out of the condominium, Walker changed the locks to access the

storage space, but this statement also can fairly be viewed as an assumption rather than based on

personal knowledge.

¶ 27    The statute of frauds provides:

                “No action shall be brought to charge any person upon any contract for the sale of

        lands, tenements or hereditaments or any interest in or concerning them, for a longer term

        than one year, unless such contract or some memorandum or note thereof shall be in

        writing, and signed by the party to be charged therewith, or some other person thereunto

        by him lawfully authorized in writing, signed by such party.” (Emphasis added.) 740 ILCS

        80/2 (West 2014).

There is a partial performance exception to the statute of frauds, which is designed to protect the

reliance of the performing party. Roti v. Roti, 364 Ill. App. 3d 191, 197 (2006). The “partial

performance must be of such a character that it is impossible or impractical to place the parties in

status quo or restore or compensate the party performing for what he has parted with or the value

of his performance.” Id. (quoting Mariani v. School Directors of District 40, 154 Ill. App. 3d 404,

407 (1987)).

¶ 28    Kienlen argues in his brief that he performed under the parties’ verbal agreement, as his

possessions were removed from the storage space by the time it was agreed for them to be removed.

However, Kienlen also testified that he did not remove the items from the storage space itself. He

testified that Walker did so, but as stated, the trial court’s finding that the testimony was speculative

was not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Accordingly, the trial court could determine

that there was insufficient evidence of partial performance by either party. Moreover, the doctrine

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2022 IL App (2d) 210539-U

of partial performance is not applicable in actions at law for monetary damages, such as this action.

Cain v. Cross, 293 Ill. App. 3d 255, 259 (1997).

¶ 29                                    III. CONCLUSION

¶ 30   For the reasons stated, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Du Page County.

¶ 31   Affirmed.

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